bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of ciliary G protein-coupled receptors regulating pancreatic islet insulin and glucagon secretion
Authors: Wu Chien-Ting , Hilgendorf Keren I. , Bevacqua Romina J. , Hang Yan , Demeter Janos , Kim Seung K. , Jackson Peter K. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryMultiple G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in pancreatic islet cells but the majority have unknown functions. We observe specific GPCRs localized to primary cilia, a prominent signaling organelle, in pancreatic α- and β-cells. Loss of cilia disrupts β-cell endocrine function, but the molecular drivers are unknown. Using functional expression, we identified multiple GPCRs localized to cilia in mouse and human islet α- and β-cells, including FFAR4, PTGER4, DRD5, ADRB2, KISS1R, and P2RY14. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) and prostaglandin E receptor 4 (PTGER4) agonists stimulate ciliary cAMP signaling and promote glucagon and insulin secretion by α- and β-cell lines, and by mouse and human islets. Transport of GPCRs to primary cilia requiresTULP3, whose knockdown in primary human and mouse islets depleted ciliary FFAR4 and PTGER4, and impaired regulated glucagon or insulin secretion, without affecting ciliary structure. Our findings provide index evidence that regulated hormone secretion by islet α- and β-cells is regulated by ciliary GPCRs providing new targets for diabetes.
Insights into the mitochondrial transcriptome landscapes of two Brassicales plant species,Arabidopsis thaliana(var. Col-0) andBrassica oleracea(var. botrytis)
Authors: Best Corinne , Sultan Laure , Murik Omer , Ostersetzer-Biran Oren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMitochondria play key roles in cellular energy metabolism within eukaryotic cells. As relics of endosymbiotic bacteria, most (but not all) mitochondria contain their own genome (mitogenome, mtDNA), as well as intrinsic biosynthetic machinery for making organelle RNAs and proteins. The expression of the mtDNA requires regulated metabolism of its transcriptome by nuclear-encoded factors. Post-transcriptional mtRNA modifications play a central role in the expression of the plant mitogenomes, and hence in organellar biogenesis and plant physiology. Despite extensive investigations, a full map of angiosperm mitochondrial transcriptomes, a prerequisite for the elucidation of the basic RNA biology of mitochondria, has not been reported yet. Using RNA-seq data, RT-PCR and bioinformatics, we sought to explore the gene expression profiles of land plant mitochondria. Here, we present the mitochondrial transcriptomic maps of two keyBrassicaceaespecies,Arabidopsis thaliana(var Col-0) and cauliflower (Brassica oleraceavar. botrytis). The revised transcriptome landscapes of Arabidopsis and cauliflower mitogenomes provide with more detail into mtRNA biology and processing in angiosperm mitochondria, and we expect that they would serve as a valuable resource for the plant organellar community.Accession numbersSequences are available at the Sequence Read Archive (accession no. PRJNA472433), for bothArabidopsis thalianavar. Col-0 mtRNA (SRA no. SRX4110179) andBrassica oleraceavar. botrytis mtRNA (SRA no. SRX4110177).
Creation and analysis of enzymatically active micrometer protein-capsules
Authors: Schakowski Kai Melvin , Elm Christian , Linders Jürgen , Kirsch Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work describes a general method for the encapsulation of enzymes with albumin as wall material and the enzyme catalase as prime example. Care was taken for the preparation of biochemically active sub-micrometer particles in order to prevent oxygen toxicity induced by artificial oxygen carriers of any type. In cell culture experiments, capsules containing catalase did not exhibit any harmful activities in the absence of peroxides. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide application of low and medium dosed capsules below 0.05 vol% (final concentration 0.001 vol%) even increased the cell damaging process. However, a higher dosage of capsules (> 0.05 vol%) prevented completely cellular disruption induced by 5 mM hydrogen peroxide and decreased up to 90% of cellular damage at higher peroxide concentrations. These results demonstrated that encapsulated catalase was enzymatically active and the over-all activity of prepared catalase capsules was determined to be > 1000 U ∙ mL−1∙ vol%−1.
Aerodynamic performance enhancement of an Airfoil using trapezoidal vortex generators
Authors: Himo Rawad , Bou-Mosleh Charbel , Habchi Charbel 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Flow separation on wings, blades and vehicles can be delayed or even suppressed by the use of vortex generators (VG). Numerous studies, documented in the literature, extensively describe the performance of triangular and rectangular VG winglets. This paper aims to focus on the use of non-conventional VG shapes, more specifically an array of trapezoildal-perforated VG tabs.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, computational fluid dynamic simulations are performed on an inline array of trapezoidal VG with various dimensions and inclination angles, in addition to considering perforations in the VG centers. The methodology of the present numerical study is validated with experimental data from the literature.

Findings
The performance and the associated flow structures of these tested non-conventional VG are compared to classical triangular winglets. For the proposed non-conventional trapezoidal VG, at the onset of stall, a 21% increase of lift over drag on the airfoil is observed. The trapezoidal VG enhancement is also witnessed during stall where the lift over drag ratio is increased by 120% for the airfoil and by 10% with respect to the triangular winglets documented in the literature.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper is the use of non-conventional vortex generator shape to enhance lift over drag coefficient using three-dimensional numerical simulations.
The creative economy: an ethnographic framework for handcrafts in the Alto Solimões region of the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Petry Jonas Fernando , Uchôa Antônio Giovanni Figliuolo , Mendonça Maurício Brilhante de , Magalhães Karinny de Lima , Benchimol Rafaella Marlene Barbosa 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw on concepts from the creative economy literature to present a proposal for conceptualizing the creative industries from the perspective of the ideas underlying the concepts of industrial districts and the triple helix. The analysis lays out the foundations with a review of the literature on the creative economy and builds upon them with the terminology of creative industries and industrial districts.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis lays out the foundations with a review of the literature on the creative economy and builds upon them with the terminology of creative industries and industrial districts. A three-dimensional representation is developed, from a perspective in which the three dimensions comprise university, creative industries and government, combined with seven underlying factors that define the archetypal framework from the perspective of the creative economy of the region's handcrafts.FindingsWorking from the principal of an analysis of underlying factors, the paper presents an ethnographic study of the potentials and obstacles present in the handcrafts sector and delineates the work that remains to be done to enable construction of a creative economy.Originality/valueA prominent possibility based on the ethnographic study of the potentials listed, the creative economy of the handicraft sector is underexplored in the Amazon. Based on the Amazon heritage of the people in the Alto Solimões region, future prospects such as establishment of guilds, clusters and internationalization of production in a tourism association represent sui generis potentials for the economic development of the Alto Solimões region of the Brazilian Amazon.
Contextual reflections on COVID-19 and informal workers in Nigeria
Authors: Omobowale Ayokunle Olumuyiwa , Oyelade Olufikayo Kunle , Omobowale Mofeyisara Oluwatoyin , Falase Olugbenga Samuel 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe index case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was reported on 27 February 2020. Subsequently, the exponential increase in cases has brought about the partial and total lockdown of cities, the closure of all schools and the shutdown of government offices in order to curtail the spread of COVID-19. COVID-19 and its subsequent drastic curtailment policies have implications on vulnerable groups, especially, informal workers who constitute about 70% of the active working population in Nigeria. This reflective discourse critically engages the plight of informal workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe research was guided by the epistemology of pandemic interpretationism. It engages contextual reflections of the plight of economically vulnerable informal workers in Nigeria. Data were collected from secondary sources while rapid case studies were conducted with ten informal workers in Lagos and Ibadan. Afterwards, data were contextually analysed.FindingsEconomically vulnerable informal workers in Nigeria have contextually interpreted COVID-19 as an elite disease, imported into Nigeria by the wealthy. In addition, the mass population views COVID-19 containment measures such as lockdowns, movement restrictions and stay-at-home orders as elitist policies, which are aimed at protecting the wealthy and frustrating the poor and economically vulnerable who live on the fringes of poverty. Many informal workers have slipped below the poverty line while struggling to supply livelihood needs, as they were unable to earn daily income and cannot access palliatives. Consequently, they are of the opinion that “Hunger Virus is deadlier than Corona Virus”.Originality/valueThis paper is a contextual reflection on the plight of economically vulnerable informal workers during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and movement restrictions in Nigeria. It presents pandemic interpretationism as an epistemological guide and reflectively examines the poverty impact of COVID-19 on the Nigerian informal sector via contextual analyses of secondary data and rapid case studies. The paper uncovers various COVID-19 livelihood experiences and the responses of the informal workers; furthermore, it provides policy recommendations.
Immigrant children and school bullying:the “unrecognized” victim?
Authors: Morales Danielle Xiaodan 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe current study aims to investigate whether the victimization of immigrant children is more likely to be unrecognized by teachers and parents and what demographic factors contribute to children's unrecognized bullying victimization.Design/methodology/approachData from the publicly accessible US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort, 2011 were utilized (N = 10,587 children across 2,194 schools), and the hierarchical linear model was used for modeling.FindingsAmong all bullying victims included in this study, only 32% were recognized by both parents and teachers. Bullied children who had only foreign-born parent/s were more likely to be unnoticed by adults than those who had only US-born parent/s. Among all bullied children, girls were more likely to be overlooked by adults than boys, and Asian and Hispanic children were more likely to be overlooked by adults than White children.Social implicationsTo better protect and support all victimized children, schools should develop innovative strategies to engage more immigrant parents; teachers and parents need to learn how not to rely on social and cultural biases to guide their interpretations and response to school bullying; parents and teachers should keep good communication with children.Originality/valuePrevious research demonstrates that immigrant children have a high risk of being bullied in school, but it is unclear whether parents and teachers are sufficiently aware of their victimization. This paper is the first study to demonstrate how parents' nativity, gender and race/ethnicity are associated with children's unrecognized bullying victimization.
The link between intellectual capital and business performance: a mediation chain approach
Authors: Campos Susana , Dias José G. , Teixeira Mário Sérgio , Correia Ricardo Jorge 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study focuses on intellectual capital (IC) as a driver of better business performance. Recent studies suggest that a set of variables may mediate this relationship. This research discusses the mediating role of dynamic capabilities, network competence, technological capabilities, absorptive capabilities and innovation performance between intellectual capital and business performance.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model is tested using a sample of 533 Portuguese firms by means of a structural equation model.FindingsIt confirms that intellectual capital impacts business performance. Moreover, this only happens indirectly through the mediating chain defined by the variables dynamic capabilities, network competence, technological capabilities, absorptive capabilities and innovation performance.Originality/valueThis study analyzes new mediator variables between the dimensions of the intellectual capital and Portuguese business performance.
No evidence for fitness signatures consistent with increasing trophic mismatch over 30 years in a population of European shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis
Authors: Keogan Katharine , Lewis Sue , Howells Richard J. , Newell Mark A. , Harris Michael P. , Burthe Sarah , Phillips Richard A. , Wanless Sarah , Phillimore Albert B. , Daunt Francis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

As temperatures rise, timing of reproduction is changing at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in asynchrony between consumers and their resources. The match–mismatch hypothesis (MMH) suggests that trophic asynchrony will have negative impacts on average productivity of consumers. It is also thought to lead to selection on timing of breeding, as the most asynchronous individuals will show the greatest reductions in fitness.

Using a 30‐year individual‐level dataset of breeding phenology and success from a population of European shags on the Isle of May, Scotland, we tested a series of predictions consistent with the hypothesis that fitness impacts of trophic asynchrony are increasing.

These predictions quantified changes in average annual breeding success and strength of selection on timing of breeding, over time and in relation to rising sea surface temperature (SST) and diet composition.

Annual average (population) breeding success was negatively correlated with average lay date yet showed no trend over time, or in relation to increasing SST or the proportion of principal prey in the diet, as would be expected if trophic mismatch was increasing. At the individual level, we found evidence for stabilising selection and directional selection for earlier breeding, although the earliest birds were not the most productive. However, selection for earlier laying did not strengthen over time, or in relation to SST or slope of the seasonal shift in diet from principal to secondary prey. We found that the optimum lay date advanced by almost 4 weeks during the study, and that the population mean lay date tracked this shift.

Our results indicate that average performance correlates with absolute timing of breeding of the population, and there is selection for earlier laying at the individual level. However, we found no fitness signatures of a change in the impact of climate‐induced trophic mismatch, and evidence that shags are tracking long‐term shifts in optimum timing. This suggests that if asynchrony is present in this system, breeding success is not impacted. Our approach highlights the advantages of examining variation at both population and individual levels when assessing evidence for fitness impacts of trophic asynchrony.
Review article: Rapid review of the emergency department‐initiated buprenorphine for opioid use disorder
Authors: Salter Helen , Hutton Jennie , Cantwell Kate , Dietze Paul , Higgs Peter , Straub Adam , Zordan Rachel , Lloyd‐Jones Martyn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOpioid‐related harms have been increasing in Australia over the last 5 years. Patients with opioid use disorder are over‐represented in ED presentations. Opioid agonist treatment is the most effective community‐based treatment. Buprenorphine is considered the safest of these treatments to use in the ED setting. This rapid review investigated the effectiveness of initiating buprenorphine in the ED setting. Medline, Embase, Emcare, PSYCinfo, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched. Randomised and non‐randomised studies published in peer‐reviewed journals that involved the initiation of buprenorphine in the ED setting were considered eligible. The search revealed 350 articles of which 11 were included in the review; three articles representing two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and eight observational studies. Data were extracted from included papers and risk of bias assessed on the RCTs. One well‐conducted RCT showed that buprenorphine initiated in the ED does improve treatment engagement up to 2 months after an ED visit. Eight observational studies, one with a comparator group reported positive results for this intervention. There is strong evidence that clinicians should consider commencing buprenorphine in the ED for patients with opioid use disorder when combined with a direct and supported referral or ‘warm handover’ to community care. Further implementation studies and investigation of long‐acting injectable buprenorphine treatment are required.
The steroid‐induced microRNA let‐7 regulates developmental growth by targeting cdc7 in the Drosophila fat body
Authors: Huang Dan‐Yan , Xia Xiao‐Ling , Huang Run , Li Sheng , Yuan Dong‐Wei , Liu Su‐Ning 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn insects, 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) limits systemic growth by triggering developmental transitions. Previous studies have shown that 20E‐induced let‐7 exhibits crosstalk with the cell cycle. Here, we examined the underlying molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of 20E‐induced let‐7 in the fat body, an organ for energy storage and nutrient mobilization which plays a critical role in the larval growth. First, the overexpression of let‐7 decreased the body size and led to the reduction of both nucleolus and cell sizes in the larval fat body. In contrast, the overexpression of let‐7‐Sponge increased the nucleolus and cell sizes. Moreover, we found that cdc7, encoding a conserved protein kinase that controls the endocycle, is a target of let‐7. Notably, the mutation of cdc7 in the fat body resulted in growth defects. Overall, our findings revealed a novel role of let‐7 in the control of endoreduplication‐related growth during larval‐prepupal transition in Drosophila.
Survival and causes of death for Takayasu’s arteritis in Korea: A retrospective population‐based study
Authors: Jang Shin Yi , Park Taek Kyu , Kim Duk‐Kyung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have evaluated survival of Takayasu's arteritis (TAK; M31.4) in Korea. The purpose of this study was to assess the survival rate (SR) and causes of death for TAK.MethodsNewly diagnosed TAK data (N = 2731) were collected from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea from 2006 through 2017. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used. Korean death data was used from 2006 through 2018.ResultsThe mean age was 48.1 (±16.9) years. The proportion of female patients was 74.4%. The most common cause of death in TAK was diseases of the circulatory system. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year SRs were 97.5%, 94.7%, 91.7%, and 84.7%, respectively. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year SRs by gender were 97.8%, 95.6%, 92.9%, and 86.3%, respectively, among females and 96.8%, 92.2%, 88.4%s and 79.7%, respectively, among males (P < .001).ConclusionsThe overall 10‐year SR was about 85%. The 10‐year SR in males was lower than that in females. The most common cause of death in TAK was diseases of the circulatory system.
Plasma proteomic profile of age, health span, and all‐cause mortality in older adults
Authors: Sathyan Sanish , Ayers Emmeline , Gao Tina , Weiss Erica F. , Milman Sofiya , Verghese Joe , Barzilai Nir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAging is a complex trait characterized by a diverse spectrum of endophenotypes. By utilizing the SomaScan® proteomic platform in 1,025 participants of the LonGenity cohort (age range: 65–95, 55.7% females), we found that 754 of 4,265 proteins were associated with chronological age. Pleiotrophin (PTN; β[SE] = 0.0262 [0.0012]; p = 3.21 × 10−86), WNT1‐inducible‐signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP‐2; β[SE] = 0.0189 [0.0009]; p = 4.60 × 10−82), chordin‐like protein 1 (CRDL1; β[SE] = 0.0203[0.0010]; p = 1.45 × 10−77), transgelin (TAGL; β[SE] = 0.0215 [0.0011]; p = 9.70 × 10−71), and R‐spondin‐1(RSPO1; β[SE] = 0.0208 [0.0011]; p = 1.09 × 10−70), were the proteins most significantly associated with age. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis identified two of nine modules (clusters of highly correlated proteins) to be significantly associated with chronological age and demonstrated that the biology of aging overlapped with complex age‐associated diseases and other age‐related traits. The correlation between proteomic age prediction based on elastic net regression and chronological age was 0.8 (p < 2.2E−16). Pathway analysis showed that inflammatory response, organismal injury and abnormalities, cell and organismal survival, and death pathways were associated with aging. The present study made novel associations between a number of proteins and aging, constructed a proteomic age model that predicted mortality, and suggested possible proteomic signatures possessed by a cohort enriched for familial exceptional longevity.
Use of narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) in paediatric psoriasis: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Emma , Lee Geoffrey , Fischer Gayle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/ ObjectivesPhototherapy is used commonly in adult psoriasis; however, there is little data on its use in the paediatric population. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis on current available literature to review the safety and efficacy of NBUVB in paediatric psoriasis.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. Meta‐analysis of proportions was used to obtain efficacy, and meta‐regression was used to explore the impact of treatment variables on efficacy.ResultsWe identified 10 prospective and retrospective studies for inclusion. From pooled data, we determined the efficacy of NBUVB in paediatric psoriasis to be 80% (CI 70%‐88%). There was a positive association between the number of treatments and efficacy of NBUVB. There was no association between the cumulative dose and efficacy. Erythema was the most commonly described side effect. There were no studies of long‐term safety of NBUVB in paediatric psoriasis. Limitations included that studies had small patient numbers and were observational in nature.ConclusionsNBUVB is effective in the treatment of paediatric psoriasis with a good short‐term safety profile. More studies are required to assess the influence of variables on efficacy and to elucidate the long‐term safety profile of NBUVB in paediatric psoriasis.