bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of self-rated adherence for monitoring dietary and physical activity compliance&nbsp;and assessment of participant feedback of the Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Study pilot.
Authors: O’Reilly Holly , Panizza Chloe , Lim Unhee , Yonemori Kim M , Wilkens Lynne R , Shvetsov Yurii B , Harvie Michelle N , Shepherd John , Zhu Fengqing Maggie , Marchand Loïc Le , Boushey Carol J , Cassel Kevin D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: We examined the utility of self-rated adherence to dietary and physical activity (PA) prescriptions as a method to monitor intervention compliance and facilitate goal setting during the Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Study (HDLS). In addition, we assessed participants’ feedback of HDLS. HDLS, is a randomized pilot intervention that compared the effect of intermittent energy restriction combined with a Mediterranean diet (IER+MED) to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, with matching PA regimens, for reducing visceral adipose tissue area (VAT).METHODS: Analyses included the 59 (98%) participants who completed at least one week of HDLS. Dietary and PA adherence scores were collected 8 times across 12-weeks, using a 0-10 scale (0=Not at all, 4=Somewhat, and 10=Following the plan very well). Adherence scores for each participant were averaged and assigned to high and low adherence categories using the group median (7.3 for diet, 7.1 for PA). Mean changes in VAT and weight from baseline to 12 weeks are reported by adherence level, overall and by randomization arm. Participants’ feedback at completion and 6 months post intervention were examined.RESULTS: Mean ± SE, dietary adherence was 6.0 ± 0.2 and 8.2 ± 0.1, for the low and high adherence groups, respectively. For PA adherence, mean scores were 5.9 ± 0.2 and 8.5 ± 0.2, respectively. Compared to participants with low dietary adherence, those with high adherence lost significantly more VAT (22.9 ± 3.7 cm2 vs. 11.7 ± 3.9 cm2 [95% CI, -22.1 to -0.3]) and weight at Week 12 (5.4 ± 0.8 kg vs. 3.5 ± 0.6 kg [95% CI, -3.8 to -0.0]). For PA, compared to participants with low adherence, those with high adherence lost significantly more VAT (22.3 ± 3.7 cm2 vs. 11.6 ± 3.6 cm2 [95% CI, -20.7 to -0.8]). Participants’ qualitative feedback of HDLS was positive and the most common response, on how to improve the study, was to provide cooking classes.CONCLUSIONS: Results support the use of self-rated adherence as an effective method to monitor dietary and PA compliance and facilitate participant goal setting. Study strategies were found to be effective with promoting compliance to intervention prescriptions.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03639350. Registered 21st August 2018- Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03639350
Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Khwaja Nizam Ud Din , Arunagirinathan Ganesan 
Published: December 2020

:
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (AGIs) are a group of drugs which act on the gastrointestinal
tract and help in reducing fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia by reducing the absorption of
carbohydrates. This group comprises Acarbose, Miglitol and Voglibose. They are available on the
market for almost three decades now. When used as monotherapy, Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
reduction can be as high as 0.77%, which is predominantly noted in the Eastern Asian population
and those on a high carbohydrate diet. There is a more pronounced reduction in HbA1c in
those who present with higher baseline values. Despite not showing a significant cardiovascular
benefit with regards to mortality and morbidity, they have proven to be a safe class of drugs which
can be used in patients not tolerating various other anti-diabetic agents due to their local site of action
and poor systemic absorption. Though they are available worldwide, AGIs are used more often
in the Far East and South Asia. They have shown benefits in reducing the development of diabetes
when used in those with impaired glucose tolerance or pre-diabetes. They have been shown to improve
postprandial hyperglycemia, which in itself is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular
morbidity. These have proven their safety from both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular perspectives
and can be combined with any class of anti-diabetic agents. They are not favoured in
most of the current Western Guidelines due to their modest HbA1c reduction, neutrality with cardiovascular
benefit as well as their significant gastrointestinal side effect profile.
Porosity in Microtomography and Determination of Hounsfield Units do not Predict Calculi Fragmentation in Extracorporeal Lithotripsy: Analysis of an In-vitro Study
Authors: Cavalli Rafael Cavalheiro , Bellote Mateus Cosentino , Carvalho Mauricio 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL) remains one of the most popular methods for treating urinary lithiasis.

Objective:
To evaluate structural and microtomographic characteristics associated with urinary calculi fragmentation in an experimental model of SWL.

Methods:
Samples consisting of at least two calculi fragments obtained from patients were submitted to urological procedures. All calculi were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and a morphological evaluation (weight, length, width, and volume measurements) was conducted along with microtomographic and conventional tomographic assessments in vitro. Thereafter, each sample was submitted to SWL in a ballistic gelatin model. The fragments were separated, using a granulometric sieve, into specimens larger than 4 mm and 2 mm, which were subsequently weighed.

Results:
Altogether, 48 urinary calculi were analyzed and were composed of whewellite (54%), struvite (22%), apatite (11%), uric acid (7%), cystine (4%), and whitlockite (2%). The fragmentation rate was 77.5% and 69.6% for samples > 4 mm and > 2 mm in size, respectively. Factors associated with a reduction in the effectiveness of SWL were volume, dry mass, and width of the calculus. The radiodensity and porosity of the samples evaluated by microtomography were not associated with the fragmentation of calculi.

Conclusion:
The volume, dry mass, and width of urinary calculi were positively correlated with the number of fragments larger than 4 and 2 mm in size obtained post-SWL.
Translation and Adaptation of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form into Persian
Authors: Amiri Hadis , Rezapour Maysam , Nekoei-Moghadam Mahmoud , Nakhaee Nouzar 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Traumatic events and psychological damage are common, and the assessment of the growth in survivors of these events is critical. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Persian Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF).

Methods:
This study was conducted in five phases: (1) forward and backward translation of the questionnaire based on the WHO protocol, (2) confirmatory factor analysis to assess construct validity with 563 participations (288 women and 275 men), aged 19-84 years (mean: 33.36 years), (3) Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency, (4) correlations with the Persian version of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) for assessing criterion-related validity, and (5) measurement of invariance across genders.

Results:
Confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor model consisting of relating to others, new possibilities, personal strength, spiritual change, and appreciation of life. All the dimensions of the PTGI-SF were moderately associated with the Persian version of the DUREL. The internal reliability of the subscales and full scale of the PTGI-SF were acceptable to satisfactory, and the configural, metric, and scalar invariance was found across genders.

Conclusion:
The Persian version of PTGI-SF is an acceptable, valid, and reliable tool for measuring posttraumatic growth in Iran.
Challenges Midwives in Limpopo Province Encounter when Implementing Saving Mothers Recommendations
Authors: Mothapo Kobel Elizabeth , Maputle Maria Sonto , Shilubane Hilda N , Netshikweta Lizzy 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
The recommendations of Saving Mothers report by the National Committee for Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (NCCEMD) were formulated in response to the high maternal mortality rate in South Africa. Saving Mothers’ Report recommendations were implemented in maternity units of Limpopo province. However, the mortality rate for 2014-2016 in Limpopo was 165.16/100000 live births against the national target of 38/100000 live births. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges faced by registered midwives when implementing these recommendations.

Methods:
A qualitative research approach, which is descriptive, exploratory and contextual design, was used. A non-probability, purposive and convenience sampling was used to select 25 participants. Data were collected from August to October 2017 through the individual in-depth unstructured interview from 22 participants based on data saturation. Trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability. Data were analysed using Tesch’s open coding technique. Ethical standards were adhered to.

Results:
The findings revealed one theme and five sub-themes indicating hindrances to the implementation of recommendations of Saving Mothers Report by midwives in maternity units in Limpopo province.

Conclusion:
The researchers concluded that the registered midwives were faced with challenges that need to be addressed to facilitate the implementation of recommendations for Saving Mothers report effectively. Further research was recommended with implications in practice and nursing education.
Design and Implementation of CCTA for Low Power Applications: A Review
Authors: Bisariya Shailendra , Afzal Neelofer 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Researchers have proposed a number of basic building blocks for various
electronics applications. The current conveyor trans-conductance amplifier is one of them, which is
suitable for linear as well as nonlinear applications of current and voltage mode circuits.

Objective:
This paper provides a review of the implementations proposed to date for the same with
its applications in analog signal processing. The proposed possible applications of this device are
also considered.

Methods:
Keeping in mind the utility of CCTA in low power VLSI application areas, a number of
parameters like power consumption, operating voltage, 3dB bandwidth, trans-conductance, as well
as a number of transistors used for implementation and technology are taken into consideration.

Results:
The results available for all the structures are compared and analyzed to investigate the
potential advantages as well as disadvantages of this CCTA block and its limitations.

Conclusion:
This review concluded with a remark on the best suitable CCTA structure for low
power applications and its future possibilities to use.
Testes funcionais validados em indivíduos hospitalizados e não hospitalizados: revisão sistemática
Authors: Santos Natasha Cordeiro dos , Soares Neila Silva , Anjos Jorge Luis Motta dos , Matos Bruno Souza de , Carvalho Daiane Barros 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre os testes funcionais validados em diferentes perfis de indivíduos hospitalizados e não hospitalizados e avaliar as evidências psicométricas para confiabilidade e validade. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados EMBASE, MEDLINE, Lilacs e SciELO com as palavras-chave Functional Tests (Walk Test, Gait Speed Test, Chair Stand Test, Timed Up And Go, Step Test),Validation Studies as Topic e sinônimos. Foram incluídos estudos de validação de testes funcionais em indivíduos hospitalizados ou não hospitalizados que utilizaram os critérios de validade e/ou confiabilidade e relacionaram os testes a diferentes variáveis. Esses artigos poderiam ser observacionais longitudinais ou de corte transversal ou estudos de validação que utilizaram dados de ensaios clínicos. Foram excluídos os artigos que não apresentaram características importantes da amostra e a descrição do teste. Resultados: A pesquisa resultou em 36.150 artigos, e 89 foram incluídos. Os estudos foram organizados em tabelas com informações como autor, ano; critérios de validação; amostra; teste; variáveis associadas; resultados. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada por meio da Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Conclusão: Os testes funcionais são válidos e confiáveis para a avaliação de indivíduos hospitalizados e não hospitalizados, estando associados à força muscular, capacidade de caminhar, controle postural, atividades de vida diária, risco de quedas, hospitalização e mortalidade.
Technical Aspects of Developing Chatbots for Medical Applications: Scoping Review
Authors: Safi Zeineb , Abd-Alrazaq Alaa , Khalifa Mohamed , Househ Mowafa 
Published: December 2020

Background
Chatbots are applications that can conduct natural language conversations with users. In the medical field, chatbots have been developed and used to serve different purposes. They provide patients with timely information that can be critical in some scenarios, such as access to mental health resources. Since the development of the first chatbot, ELIZA, in the late 1960s, much effort has followed to produce chatbots for various health purposes developed in different ways.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the technical aspects and development methodologies associated with chatbots used in the medical field to explain the best methods of development and support chatbot development researchers on their future work.

Methods
We searched for relevant articles in 8 literature databases (IEEE, ACM, Springer, ScienceDirect, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar). We also performed forward and backward reference checking of the selected articles. Study selection was performed by one reviewer, and 50% of the selected studies were randomly checked by a second reviewer. A narrative approach was used for result synthesis. Chatbots were classified based on the different technical aspects of their development. The main chatbot components were identified in addition to the different techniques for implementing each module.

Results
The original search returned 2481 publications, of which we identified 45 studies that matched our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common language of communication between users and chatbots was English (n=23). We identified 4 main modules: text understanding module, dialog management module, database layer, and text generation module. The most common technique for developing text understanding and dialogue management is the pattern matching method (n=18 and n=25, respectively). The most common text generation is fixed output (n=36). Very few studies relied on generating original output. Most studies kept a medical knowledge base to be used by the chatbot for different purposes throughout the conversations. A few studies kept conversation scripts and collected user data and previous conversations.

Conclusions
Many chatbots have been developed for medical use, at an increasing rate. There is a recent, apparent shift in adopting machine learning–based approaches for developing chatbot systems. Further research can be conducted to link clinical outcomes to different chatbot development techniques and technical characteristics.
A Bespoke Electronic Health Record for Epilepsy Care (EpiToMe): Development and Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Tao Shiqiang , Lhatoo Samden , Hampson Johnson , Cui Licong , Zhang Guo-Qiang 
Published: December 2020

Background
While electronic health records (EHR) bring various benefits to health care, EHR systems are often criticized as cumbersome to use, failing to fulfill the promise of improved health care delivery with little more than a means of meeting regulatory and billing requirements. EHR has also been recognized as one of the contributing factors for physician burnout.

Objective
Specialty-specific EHR systems have been suggested as an alternative approach that can potentially address challenges associated with general-purpose EHRs. We introduce the Epilepsy Tracking and optimized Management engine (EpiToMe), an exemplar bespoke EHR system for epilepsy care. EpiToMe uses an agile, physician-centered development strategy to optimize clinical workflow and patient care documentation. We present the design and implementation of EpiToMe and report the initial feedback on its utility for physician burnout.

Methods
Using collaborative, asynchronous data capturing interfaces anchored to a domain ontology, EpiToMe distributes reporting and documentation workload among technicians, clinical fellows, and attending physicians. Results of documentation are transmitted to the parent EHR to meet patient care requirements with a push of a button. An HL7 (version 2.3) messaging engine exchanges information between EpiToMe and the parent EHR to optimize clinical workflow tasks without redundant data entry. EpiToMe also provides live, interactive patient tracking interfaces to ease the burden of care management.

Results
Since February 2019, 15,417 electroencephalogram reports, 2635 Epilepsy Monitoring Unit daily reports, and 1369 Epilepsy Monitoring Unit phase reports have been completed in EpiToMe for 6593 unique patients. A 10-question survey was completed by 11 (among 16 invited) senior clinical attending physicians. Consensus was found that EpiToMe eased the burden of care documentation for patient management, a contributing factor to physician burnout.

Conclusions
EpiToMe offers an exemplar bespoke EHR system developed using a physician-centered design and latest advancements in information technology. The bespoke approach has the potential to ease the burden of care management in epilepsy. This approach is applicable to other clinical specialties.
Research Results for a New Onion Seed Drill
Authors: Ibragimov A. A. , Karakhanov A. К. , Abdurakhmanov A. A. , Eshdavlatov A. Е. , Uteniyazov P. A. , Khadzhiev A. A. 
Published: December 2020

. For sowing small seeds of vegetables, in particular onions, special seeders are used. They are not produced in the Republic of Uzbekistan, while many diff erent pneumatic seeders are produced abroad. The authors note that foreign samples are complex in design, not adapted to local soil and climatic conditions, cannot provide even seed placement on ridges, and the cost of the seeders themselves and service are very high.(Research purpose) To develop a vegetable seeder in relation to the soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, to determine the seeding rate of onion seeds depending on the length of the active part of the seed reel, to evaluate the formation quality of sowing ridges and irrigation furrows.(Materials and methods) The authors determined the sowing rate by turning the seeder drive wheel at a given length of the active part of the sowing reel and collecting the sown seeds in cups with further weighing. The quality of sowing ridges and irrigation furrows formation was evaluated by the method of profi ling the fi eld before and after the seeder’s pass.(Results and discussion) The authors developed a vegetable seeder that performed three operations in one pass: cutting irrigation furrows, forming sowing ridges of a trapezoidal shape and sowing onion seeds and other small-seeded vegetable crops in a three-row tape method in each tape. They found that the dependence of the seeding rate on the length of the active part of the reel had a slightly fragile parabolic shape, and the required seeding rates – 24-48 pieces per linear meter (3.9-7.8 kilograms per hectare) – were provided with the length of the sowing reel 3.3- 6.2 millimeters. It was proved that the seeder provided a high-quality formation of sowing ridges and irrigation furrows: the row spacing was 68.8 centimeters (installation spacing – 70 centimeters), the top ridge width was 42.5 centimeters (the predetermined one was 40 centimeters), the depth of irrigation furrows was on average 9.6 centimeters.(Conclusions) A vegetable seeder was developed for sowing small-seeded vegetable crops with the simultaneous formation of sowing ridges and cutting irrigation furrows, which ensured high-quality performance of all operations and observance of onion seeds.
Fundamentals and Prospects for the Technologies Development for Post-Harvest Grain Processing and Seed Preparation
Authors: Drincha V. М. , Tsench Yu. S. 
Published: December 2020

The authors identifi ed the main factors that infl uenced signifi cantly the technological support of post-harvest processing processes over the past decades. They showed that in recent years, many farms faced the necessity to solve the problem of improving the seeds quality and reducing their losses in the process of post-harvest processing of grain in the shortest possible time.(Research purpose) To conduct a historical analysis of machine technologies for post-harvest grain processing and seed preparation and determine promising directions for their development.(Materials and methods) The authors used the historicalanalytical method applied to technical systems, in particular, to technologies of post-harvest grain processing and seed preparation. The research objects were the original works of domestic and foreign authors for more than a 100-year period and other regulatory and technical documentation.(Results and discussion) The authors presented the results of the machine technologies for postharvest grain processing and seed preparation evolution in the Russian Federation over the past 100 years. They considered the scientifi c, technological, technical and organizational issues of the machine technologies for grain processing and seed preparation development. It was determined that the scientifi c foundations for creating domestic separating machines were developed in the 30s of the last century. They noted that in 1934 the fi rst domestic mobile grain cleaning machine with a capacity of 10 tons per hour for cleaning grain and 6-8 tons per hour for cleaning seeds was created and put into production. The following key stages were identifi ed: in the 60s, an in-line technology of post-harvest grain processing was developed; by the end of the 70s, with the completion of work on the creation of units and complexes, all processes of post-harvest grain processing for the fi rst time in the country were fully mechanized.(Conclusions) The authors proved that labor productivity in the industry increased 7-10 times, the cost of grain processing decreased 2-3 times, its losses decreased, manual, unskilled labor was excluded. They identifi ed promising directions for the development of grain processing and seed preparation technologies.