bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronous distance education vs traditional education for health science students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: He Liyun , Yang Na , Xu Lingling , Ping Fan , Li Wei , Sun Qi , Li Yuxiu , Zhu Huijuan , Zhang Huabing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextSynchronous distance education (SDE) has been widely used for health science students in recent years. This study examined the effectiveness and acceptance of SDE compared with traditional education for health science students and explored the potential moderators that could impact the pooled results.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from January 2000 to March 2020 searched on nine electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The outcomes measured were knowledge, skills with objective assessments and overall satisfaction with subjective evaluations. The pooled results were calculated using random‐model effects, and moderators were explored through meta‐regression.ResultsA total of seven RCTs with 594 participants were included. At the post‐test level, the pooled effect size of knowledge acquisitions (SMD 0.12, 95% CI −0.07‐0.32) showed insignificant difference between the SDE and traditional education groups (P = .207), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 17.6%). Subgroup analyses observed no factors that significantly impacted the pooled results of knowledge acquisition at the post‐test levels (P for interaction > 0.05). Knowledge gains from pretest to post‐test in SDE groups also did not differ significantly between groups (SMD 0.15, 95% CI −0.22‐0.53; P = .428). The pooled effect size of skills (SMD 0.02, 95% CI −0.24‐0.28; P = .735) was similarly insignificant. The pooled effect size of overall satisfaction (SMD 0.60, 95% CI 0.38‐0.83; P < .001) significantly favoured SDE over traditional education. Incorporating two‐group studies without randomisations did not significantly change the overall results of knowledge acquisition at the post‐test level (SMD −0.002, 95% CI −0.11‐0.10; P = .994), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 61.9%).ConclusionsSynchronous distance education was not significantly different from traditional education in effectiveness and had higher satisfaction ratings. Our findings might provide indications for adoptions of online remote education in health science education centres.
The public health rationale for increasing dietary fibre: Health benefits with a focus on gut microbiota
Authors: Koç F. , Mills S. , Strain C. , Ross R. P. , Stanton C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDietary fibre can be considered an essential macronutrient which feeds our gut microbiota, thus enabling the optimal functioning of this ‘virtual organ’. Recommended daily intakes range from 25 to 38 g/day. However, most individuals fail to reach this target and may consume <50% of the recommended amount. Poor dietary fibre intake is associated with an imbalanced gut microbiota leading to reduced diversity and increased abundance of non‐beneficial microorganisms at the expense of beneficial ones. Inflammation is a recognised physiological effect of such a microbiome structure and is a common denominator in several non‐communicable diseases associated with the Western lifestyle/developed world including obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer. Yet increasing dietary fibre intake can reduce risk factors associated with these diseases and may even improve prognosis. Several food manufacturers have now developed strategies to increase the fibre content of foods. However, research gaps still remain. In particular, dietary fibre is composed of various non‐digestible carbohydrates and the exact effect of each of these on the gut microbiota is currently unknown. The links between dietary fibre and disease risk are generally associative. Understanding the biological mechanisms will require deeper insight into the impact of the gut microbiota on health. Furthermore, gut microbiota research has shown significant inter‐individual variation meaning that some individuals may not respond to certain dietary fibres owing to the absence of specific microorganisms. Understanding how the different fibre types influence the microbiota, combined with knowledge of an individual’s microbiota, should lead to fibre‐led, microbiota‐based dietary advice.
Is wonder at the scientific enterprise good for us, and for our relationship to the natural world?
Authors: Sideris Lisa H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWonder is often assumed, without question, to be a good thing. As a response to the world around us, however, wonder is as complex and multifaceted as it is celebrated. This essay attempts to shine a critical light on expressions of wonder that privilege wonder at science and scientific knowledge over and above experiences of wonder in the natural world, as set forth by Richard Dawkins and E. O. Wilson.
Prognostic value of preoperative lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio in oral cancer patients and establishment of a dynamic nomogram
Authors: Chen Lin , Qian Jiawen , Lin Lisong , Lin Jing , Chen Qing , Zhuang Zhaocheng , Hong Yihong , Wang Jing , Qiu Yu , Pan Lizhen , Shi Bin , Wang Jing , Liu Fengqiong , Cai Lin , Hu Zhijian , He Baochang , Chen Fa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association of preoperative lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with oral cancer and develop a dynamic nomogram for individualized survival prediction.MethodThe prognostic value of LMR was evaluated in a large‐scale cohort with 651 postoperative patients with oral cancer between January 2010 and December 2017. Propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis were performed to further verify the prognostic value of LMR. A dynamic nomogram was then developed based on the LMR and clinicopathological features, and its predictive performance and clinical utility were evaluated.ResultsA high LMR was significantly associated with better OS of patients with oral cancer (HR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.44–0.98). The similar association was also observed in the PSM and IPTW analyses. Moreover, compared with TNM staging system, the dynamic nomogram based on the LMR exhibited more excellent predictive performance (0.72 versus 0.64, p < .001), with calibration curves (1,000 bootstrap resamples) suggesting good match between the actual and predicted probabilities. Decision curve analyses (DCAs) showed a more significant positive net benefit in the practical ranges of threshold probabilities using the dynamic nomogram.ConclusionPreoperative LMR may serve as an easily accessible and non‐invasive prognostic biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with oral cancer. A dynamic nomogram based on the LMR may show more convenience in survival prediction for patients with oral cancer. Further future studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Children of immigrants as “brokers” in an era of exclusion
Authors: Delgado Vanessa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractToday, immigrants and their families live in an era of exclusion. Threats of a southern border wall, increased detentions and deportations, false narratives of Mexicans as “rapists,” attempts to eliminate Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, and the implementation of penalties for immigrants who use social services are just some examples of the hostile climate immigrant families face. A growing body of literature suggests that children of immigrants help their parents in their transition to the US society as language, cultural, and legal brokers, which generally refers to when youth translate for and/or share resources with their immigrant kin. In this paper, I review the research on contemporary children of immigrants as “brokers” and how the punitive social context influences the way brokering takes place in immigrant families. I conclude with suggestions for future research in the study of brokering in immigrant families.
Comparative Study on Spray Auto-Ignition of Di-n-Butyl Ether and Diesel Blends at Engine-Like Conditions
Authors: Guan Yuanhang , Liu Wang , Han Dong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Di-n-butyl ether (DBE), a promising lignocellulosic biofuel, has been suggested as a potential alternative fuel for compression ignition engines. In this study, the spray auto-ignition characteristics of diesel/DBE blends were experimentally measured on a constant volume combustion chamber. Time-resolved pressure traces and heat release rates in fuel spray combustion were measured at changed fuel blending fractions, ambient temperatures, and oxygen concentrations. Further, ignition delay and combustion delay that evaluates fuel spray ignition tendency were derived and compared for different test blends. Experimental results indicated that fuel spray ignition tendency is promoted with DBE addition, evidenced by the advanced pressure rise and heat release processes, and the shortened ignition and combustion delays. Peak heat release rates are fuel-dependent at high ambient oxygen concentrations since the relative fractions of the premixed and diffusive burns alter with changed DBE addition. However, as the oxygen concentration drops to 11%, fuel effects on the peak heat release rates become less noticeable. Reduced ambient oxygen concentration effectively extends fuel ignition and combustion delays, and typical two-stage pressure rises and heat releases are observed for all test blends, as the oxygen concentration drops to 11%.
Simulation-Based Mission Mobility Reliability Analysis of Off-Road Ground Vehicles
Authors: Liu Yixuan , Jiang Chen , Mourelatos Zissimos P. , Gorsich David , Jayakumar Paramsothy , Fu Yan , Majcher Monica , Hu Zhen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper develops a simulation-based mission mobility reliability (MMR) analysis framework to account for uncertainty in mobility prediction of off-road ground vehicles in mission planning. A concept of MMR is first proposed to quantify reliability of a mission path which passes through different types of soils. A single-loop Kriging surrogate modeling method is then employed to overcome the computational challenge in MMR assessment caused by expensive mobility simulations. Built upon the surrogate model-based MMR analysis, a dynamic updating scheme is proposed to update the MMR estimation using online mobility data, during the course of a specific mission and for a particular vehicle. The online dynamic updating of MMR allows us for effective and dynamic decision-making during the mission phase, thus proactively avoid rare events of immobility during the mission. A case study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed MMR analysis and updating framework.
On the Generalization of Merkin’s Theorem for Circulatory Systems: A Rank Criterion
Authors: Bulatovic Ranislav M. , Udwadia Firdaus E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper provides a generalization of the celebrated Merkin theorem. It provides new results on the destabilizing effect of circulatory forces on stable potential systems. Previous results are described and discussed, and the paper uncovers a deeper understanding of the fundamental reason for the destabilization. Instability results in terms of rank conditions that deal with the potential and circulatory matrices that describe the system are obtained, thereby generalizing this remarkable theorem. These new results are compared with those obtained earlier.
Steady Motion of a Slack Belt Drive: Dynamics of a Beam in Frictional Contact With Rotating Pulleys
Authors: Scheidl Jakob , Vetyukov Yury 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We seek the steady-state motion of a slack two-pulley belt drive with the belt modeled as an elastic, shear-deformable rod. Dynamic effects and gravity induce significant transverse deflections due to the low pre-tension. In analogy to the belt-creep theory, it is assumed that each contact region between the belt and one of the pulleys consists of a single sticking and a single sliding zone. Based on the governing equations of the rod theory, we for the first time derive the corresponding boundary value problem and integrate it numerically. Furthermore, a novel mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian finite element scheme is developed that iteratively seeks the steady-state solution. Finite element solutions are validated against semi-analytic results obtained by numerical integration of the boundary value problem. Parameter studies are conducted to examine solution dependence on the stiffness coefficients and the belt pre-tension.
Scaling Analysis of the Thermal Stress Field Produced by a Moving Point Heat Source in a Thin Plate
Authors: Grams Mitchell R. , Mendez Patricio F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study presents a scaling analysis of thermally induced stresses and strains produced during welding and additive manufacturing of thin structures such as plates or walls. The order of magnitude scaling (OMS) technique was used to develop an appropriate dimensionless formulation, to obtain asymptotic expressions, and to determine the limits of validity. Nonlinear finite element simulations of welding procedures were performed to validate the asymptotic model; plasticity and temperature dependent materials properties for structural steel, stainless steel, and aluminum were considered. Thermal stresses cause plasticity when the temperature reaches a critical temperature termed the first yield temperature. The model developed is valid when the first yield isotherm is elongated, which is the case for most welding and metal additive manufacturing applications. A rigorous novel expression for the criterion of applicability is presented and utilized for prediction of the width of the plastic zone surrounding a weld or additive manufacturing bead. Extrapolations beyond the region of applicability show a consistent trend, which is captured in the form of a general dimensionless empirical expression. This work establishes the foundation for the estimation of forces and distortions induced by welding or additive manufacturing processes, and also the incorporation of effects of departure from idealizations.
Global Sensitivity Analysis for Patient-Specific Aortic Simulations: The Role of Geometry, Boundary Condition and Large Eddy Simulation Modeling Parameters
Authors: Xu Huijuan , Baroli Davide , Veneziani Alessandro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNumerical simulations for computational hemodynamics in clinical settings require a combination of many ingredients, mathematical models, solvers and patient-specific data. The sensitivity of the solutions to these factors may be critical, particularly when we have a partial or noisy knowledge of data. Uncertainty quantification is crucial to assess the reliability of the results. We present here an extensive sensitivity analysis in aortic flow simulations, to quantify the dependence of clinically relevant quantities to the patient-specific geometry and the inflow boundary conditions. Geometry and inflow conditions are generally believed to have a major impact on numerical simulations. We resort to a global sensitivity analysis, (i.e., not restricted to a linearization around a working point), based on polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and the associated Sobol' indices. We regard the geometry and the inflow conditions as the realization of a parametric stochastic process. To construct a physically consistent stochastic process for the geometry, we use a set of longitudinal-in-time images of a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) to parametrize geometrical variations. Aortic flow is highly disturbed during systole. This leads to high computational costs, even amplified in a sensitivity analysis -when many simulations are needed. To mitigate this, we consider here a large Eddy simulation (LES) model. Our model depends in particular on a user-defined parameter called filter radius. We borrowed the tools of the global sensitivity analysis to assess the sensitivity of the solution to this parameter too. The targeted quantities of interest (QoI) include: the total kinetic energy (TKE), the time-average wall shear stress (TAWSS), and the oscillatory shear index (OSI). The results show that these indexes are mostly sensitive to the geometry. Also, we find that the sensitivity may be different during different instants of the heartbeat and in different regions of the domain of interest. This analysis helps to assess the reliability of in silico tools for clinical applications.
Stratigraphic correlation chart of Carboniferous–Paleogene rocks of Mexico, adjacent southwestern United States, Central America, and Colombia
Authors: Lawton* Timothy F. , Sierra-Rojas† Maria Isabel , Martens Uwe 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTA comprehensive correlation chart of Pennsylvanian–Eocene stratigraphic units in Mexico, adjoining parts of Arizona, New Mexico, south Texas, and Utah, as well as Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and Colombia, summarizes existing published data regarding ages of sedimentary strata and some igneous rocks. These data incorporate new age interpretations derived from U-Pb detrital zircon maximum depositional ages and igneous dates that were not available as recently as 2000, and the chart complements previous compilations. Although the tectonic and sedimentary history of Mexico and Central America remains debated, we summarize the tectonosedimentary history in 10 genetic phases, developed primarily on the basis of stratigraphic evidence presented here from Mexico and summarized from published literature. These phases include: (1) Gondwanan continental-margin arc and closure of Rheic Ocean, ca. 344–280 Ma; (2) Permian–Triassic arc magmatism, ca. 273–245 Ma; (3) prerift thermal doming of Pangea and development of Pacific margin submarine fans, ca. 245–202 Ma; (4) Gulf of Mexico rifting and extensional Pacific margin continental arc, ca. 200–167 Ma; (5) salt deposition in the Gulf of Mexico basin, ca. 169–166? Ma; (6) widespread onshore extension and rifting, ca. 160–145 Ma; (7) arc and back-arc extension, and carbonate platform and basin development (ca. 145–116 Ma); (8) carbonate platform and basin development and oceanic-arc collision in Mexico, ca. 116–100 Ma; (9) early development of the Mexican orogen in Mexico and Sevier orogen in the western United States, ca. 100–78 Ma; and (10) late development of the Mexican orogen in Mexico and Laramide orogeny in the southwestern United States, ca. 77–48 Ma.
Achondroplasia Foramen Magnum Score: screening infants for stenosis
Authors: Cheung Moira S , Irving Melita , Cocca Alessandra , Santos Rui , Shaunak Meera , Dougherty Harry , Siddiqui Ata , Gringras Paul , Thompson Dominic 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAchondroplasia is associated with foramen magnum stenosis (FMS) and significant risk of morbidity and sudden death in infants. A sensitive and reliable method of detecting infants who require decompressive surgery is required. This study aims to describe the incidence and severity of FMS in an unselected, sequential series of infants using a novel MRI score and retrospectively correlate severity with clinical examination and cardiorespiratory sleep (CRS) studies.MethodsThe Achondroplasia Foramen Magnum Score (AFMS) was developed and scores were retrospectively correlated with clinical and CRS data over a 3-year period.ResultsOf 36 infants (M:F, 18:18), 2 (5.6%) did not have FMS (AFMS0); 13 (36.1%) had FMS with preservation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces (AFMS1); 3 (8.3%) had FMS with loss of the CSF space but no spinal cord distortion (AFMS2); 13 (36.1%) had FMS with flattening of the cervical cord without signal change (AFMS3); and 5 (13.9%) had FMS resulting in cervical cord signal change (AFMS4). Mean Total Apnea and Hypopnea Index (TAHI) for AFMS0–4 was 3.4, 6.41, 2.97, 10.5 and 25.8, respectively. Severe TAHI had a specificity of 89% but only a 59% sensitivity for AFMS3–4. Neurological examination was normal in 34/36 (94%) patients. Overall, 9/36 (25%) infants required neurosurgery with minimal surgical complications.ConclusionsClinical examination and CRS have a low sensitivity for predicting the effects of foramen stenosis on the spinal cord. Routine screening with MRI using AFMS can aid in detecting early spinal cord changes and has the potential to reduce infant morbidity and mortality.
Personal use of permanent hair dyes and cancer risk and mortality in US women: prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yin , Birmann Brenda M , Han Jiali , Giovannucci Edward L , Speizer Frank E , Stampfer Meir J , Rosner Bernard A , Schernhammer Eva S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between personal use of permanent hair dyes and cancer risk and mortality.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting and participants117 200 women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of female nurses in the United States. The women were free of cancer at baseline, reported information on personal use of permanent hair dyes, and were followed for 36 years.ExposureStatus, duration, frequency, and integral use (cumulative dose calculated from duration and frequency) of permanent hair dyes. Age at first use and time since first use of permanent hair dyes.Main outcome measuresAssociations of personal use of permanent hair dyes with risk of overall cancer and specific cancers, and cancer related death. Age and multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsEver users of permanent hair dyes had no significant increases in risk of solid cancers (n=20 805, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers; hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.01) or hematopoietic cancers overall (n=1807; 1.00, 0.91 to 1.10) compared with non-users. Additionally, ever users did not have an increased risk of most specific cancers (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, melanoma, estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, progesterone receptor positive breast cancer, hormone receptor positive breast cancer, brain cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, and most of the major subclasses and histological subtypes of hematopoietic cancer) or cancer related death (n=4860; 0.96, 0.91 to 1.02). Basal cell carcinoma risk was slightly increased for ever users (n=22 560; 1.05, 1.02 to 1.08). Cumulative dose was positively associated with risk of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, progesterone receptor negative breast cancer, hormone receptor negative breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. An increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma was observed only for women with naturally dark hair (based on 70 women, 24 with dark hair), and a higher risk of basal cell carcinoma was observed for women with naturally light hair.ConclusionNo positive association was found between personal use of permanent hair dye and risk of most cancers and cancer related mortality. The increased risk of basal cell carcinoma, breast cancer (estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, hormone receptor negative) and ovarian cancer, and the mixed findings in analyses stratified by natural hair color warrant further investigation.