bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between low birth weight, childhood recollections of parental response to illness, and irritable bowel syndrome: a twin study
Authors: Harvey Philip R. , Theron Byron , Smith Samuel C. L. , Rastall Paul , Steves Claire J. , Harris Julliette , Spector Timothy D. , Trudgill Nigel J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aetiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is multifactorial, including genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have suggested that low birth weight and family environment during childhood are associated with developing IBS.MethodsA survey was sent to all individuals in a UK twin registry. Questions included IBS diagnosed by the Rome IV criteria and if a doctor had previously diagnosed them with IBS. Subjects were categorized as having IBS by Rome IV criteria, a medical diagnosis of IBS or no IBS. Further questions included subjects' recollections of their parents' responses to illness in both the respondent as a child and in the parents themselves. Information regarding birth weight and gestational age have been collected previously.Key Results4258 subjects responded to the questionnaire (51.7%), mean age of 52 (SD 14) years, of whom 98.5% were white and 89.6% female. The mean birth weight was 2.4 (0.6) kg. 5.1% satisfied the Rome IV IBS criteria, the same prevalence as the UK population. However, 14.1% had a previous medical diagnosis of IBS. There was no association found between birth weight and IBS or a medical diagnosis of IBS. On multivariable regression analysis, including parental responses to illness, subjects recalling a parent responding to the parent's bowel symptoms by excusing themselves from household chores were associated with a Rome IV diagnosis of IBS (OR 2.19 (95% CI 1.17‐4.10), P = .013).Conclusions and InferencesThere was no association between birth weight and IBS. However, observing their parents excuse themselves from household chores when they had bowel symptoms was associated with IBS in later life.
A qualitative examination of the relationship between rumination, distress, and dysregulated behaviours in vulnerable young people
Authors: Sloan Elise , Moulding Richard , Weiner Carlye , Dowling Rose‐Mary , Hall Kate 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesYoung people accessing mental health treatment in Australia frequently engage in dysregulated behaviours, such as substance misuse, deliberate self‐harm (DSH), and binge eating and purging. Rumination has been identified as a correlate of behavioural dysregulation; however, a qualitative examination of the functional relationship between ruminative processes and distress and subsequent engagement in dysregulated behaviours has not yet been conducted. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of rumination in young people and examine how this process relates to engagement in DSH, binge eating and purging, and substance misuse in a sample of treatment‐seeking young people.DesignA qualitative research methodology was used gain an in‐depth understanding of participants’ experience of rumination as it relates to their engagement in dysregulated behaviours.MethodsTwelve treatment‐seeking young people were interviewed about their experience of rumination in the context of a recently recalled situation where they engaged in a dysregulated behaviour. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThemes included the following: (1) triggers to behavioural dysregulation; (2) characteristics and content of rumination; (3) key precipitants to dysregulated behaviours (rumination, distress, and prior ineffective were at managing rumination); and (4) distraction from rumination and regulation of distress as short term, positively reinforcing consequences of dysregulated behaviours, while ongoing cycles of rumination and psychological distress were identified as long‐term consequences.ConclusionsDSH, binge/purge behaviours, and substance misuse represent maladaptive ways to distract from intense and pervasive rumination in this cohort of young people. Theoretical and treatment implications pertaining to these findings are discussed.Practitioner points

Rumination is a common experience in young people who engage in dysregulated behaviours including deliberate self‐harm, binging and purging, and substance misuse

Engagement in behavioural dysregulation functions to distract from rumination, which negatively reinforces further engagement in dysregulated behaviours.

Interventions in this population should focus on the development of adaptive skills that provide the same level of distraction provided by the physical sensations associated with engaging in a dysregulated behaviour.
Evaluation of rural public libraries to address telemedicine inequities
Authors: DeGuzman Pamela B. , Siegfried Zack , Leimkuhler Megan E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccess to home‐based telemedicine is inequitably distributed in the United States due to the limited reach of fixed broadband in rural areas. Public libraries typically offer patrons free access to broadband. Libraries, particularly those in rural regions, need to be evaluated as sites for patients to connect to a health care provider over a video visit. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the technological readiness of public libraries to provide telemedicine support and to determine differences in readiness between rural and urban public libraries. We distributed a survey to Virginia librarians to evaluate technological readiness of their libraries to support telemedicine. Respondents from 39 libraries completed the survey, approximately one third of which were in rural or small urban areas. All reported fixed broadband, at least four computers, and staff to assist with technology. Eighty‐five percent of surveyed libraries reported sufficient broadband speed and a private room available to patrons. There were no significant differences between rural and urban status for any of the library characteristics. Virginia public libraries may have infrastructure necessary to support patrons connecting to telemedicine. Libraries may benefit from systematic guidelines for collaborating with health providers to support telemedicine implementation across geographic and socioeconomically diverse areas.
Quo Vadis? Career paths of Brazilian regulators
Authors: Peci Alketa , de Menezes Santos Aline , Pino Oliveira de Araújo Bruno César 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch about professional trajectories of regulators highlights the exchange of personnel from independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) to the private sector, mainly based on US evidence. However, current studies indicate that revolving doors in different contexts may share more nuances, reflecting the role of different political institutions. Here we rely on sequence analysis to explore the trajectories of 117 Brazilian board members of IRAs, investigating: What are their typical professional trajectories? Which career path receives most of the benefits in postterm positions? The analysis uncovers five clusters of career paths in which most regulators do not transition between the public and private sectors but still benefit in direct and indirect ways from serving terms in IRAs. A different mix of market/bureaucratic/political incentives plays a role in the patterns of professional trajectories we uncover in Brazil. Depending on the context, regulators' trajectories might be driven by either market or state forces.
Experimentalist interactions: Joining up the transnational timber legality regime
Authors: Zeitlin Jonathan , Overdevest Christine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes the interactions between the separate components of the emerging transnational timber legality regime, both public and private. It examines how far, and through what institutional mechanisms, these interactions are producing a joined‐up transnational regime, based on a shared normative commitment to combat illegal logging and cooperative efforts to implement and enforce it. The paper argues that the experimentalist architecture of the EU FLEGT initiative has fostered productive, mutually reinforcing interactions both with public timber legality regulation in other consumer countries and with private certification schemes. But this emerging regime remains highly polyarchic, with broad scope for autonomous initiatives by NGOs and private service providers, along with national governments, international organizations, and multi‐donor partnerships. Hence horizontal integration and coordination within it depend on a series of institutional mechanisms, some of which are distinctively experimentalist, while others can also be found in more conventional regimes. These mechanisms include cross‐referencing and reciprocal endorsement of rules and standards; recursive learning through information pooling and peer review of implementation experience; public oversight and joint assessment of private certification and legality verification schemes; and the “penalty default” effect of public legality regulation in consumer countries, which have pushed both exporting countries and transnational firms to comply with the norms and procedures of the emerging transnational regime. The paper's findings thus provide robust new evidence for the claim advanced in previous work that a joined‐up transnational regime can be assembled piece by piece under polyarchic conditions through coordinated learning from decentralized experimentation, without a hegemonic power to impose common global rules.
Risk Framework for an Organizational System With Major Components
Authors: Hall Shane N. , Gallagher Mark A. , Fenn Daniel S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany large organizations accomplish their various functions through interactions across their major components. Components refers to functional entities within a large complex organization, such as business sectors, academic departments, or regional divisions. The dependency between the various components can cause risk to propagate through their overall system. This article presents a risk assessment framework that integrates risk across a diverse set of components to the overall organization functions. This project addresses three major challenges: aggregating risk, estimating component interdependencies including cycles of dependencies, and propagating risk across components. The framework aggregates risk assessments through a value function for severity that is evaluated at the expected outcome of accomplishing planned goals in terms of performance, schedule, and resources. The value function, which represents risk tolerance, scales between defined points corresponding to failure and success. Different risk assessment may be aggregated together. This article presents a novel approach to establishing relationships between the various components. This article develops and compares three network risk propagation models that characterize the overall organizational risk. The U.S. Air Force has applied this risk framework to evaluate success in hypothetical future wars. The analysts employing this risk framework have informed billions of dollars of strategic investment decisions.
The impacts of farmland expropriation on Vietnam’s rural households
Authors: Le Kien , Nguyen My 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe expropriation of agricultural land to provide new land for industrial and urban expansion, referred to as compulsory acquisition, is prevalent in developing countries. Using Vietnam as a laboratory, this study evaluates the impacts of losing farmland through compulsory acquisition on household welfare and reaches the following findings. A 10 percentage point increase in the fraction of land expropriated results in a 2.2% decrease in household welfare proxied by food expenditure. Furthermore, politically unconnected and ethnic minority households are disproportionately vulnerable. The adverse welfare effect could take up to 10 years to evaporate. The reduction in household welfare is attributable to the decline in agricultural income and the inability to participate in the non‐agricultural labor market. Other aspects of household behavior following compulsory acquisition are also explored, such as saving, social capital, labor, and capital allocation.
Preparing residents to deal with human trafficking
Authors: Ma Keon , Ali Jahaan , Deutscher Julianna , Silverman Jason A , Novak Chris , Dong Sandy , Chmelicek John , Dance Erica , Goez Helly 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundVictims of human trafficking (HT) are predisposed to numerous health concerns. Many encounter health care practitioners during captivity, but awareness and knowledge among front‐line physicians is low. Limited data exist on attempts to address this within residency training programmes. Formal curriculum time in residency is limited and online modules may be a useful educational option.MethodsResidents in family medicine, emergency medicine and general paediatrics at the University of Alberta were invited to participate. They completed short surveys to assess knowledge both before and after completing an online learning module either individually (n = 15) or in a facilitated session (n = 17). Baseline and post‐intervention changes in self‐reported and tested knowledge were assessed.ResultsThirty‐two residents completed the pre‐intervention survey: only 6% self‐identified as somewhat knowledgeable on HT and 16% knew the red flags used to identify victims. Eighty‐one percent wanted this topic incorporated into residency training, but only 6% and 25% had received education previously in residency or medical school, respectively. Thirteen percent were comfortable supporting victims, and 6% reported knowing how to provide support. Twenty residents completed the post‐intervention survey, with improvements in both self‐reported (p < 0.001) and tested (p = 0.005) knowledge of HT. Residents also reported being more prepared to identify victims (p < 0.001), more comfortable supporting victims (p < 0.001) and more confident in knowing how to support victims (p < 0.001).DiscussionBaseline HT knowledge in residents providing first‐contact care appears limited. Residency programmes should consider providing more HT education in order to improve competency in care. Although an online module was shown to be effective, protected time might be necessary for the widespread adoption of online education delivery.
Otoscopic evaluation of epithelial remnants in the tympanic cavity after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy
Authors: Watt Meghan M. , Regier Penny J. , Ferrigno Cassio R. A. , McConkey Marina J. , Fox‐Alvarez W. Alexander , Bertran Judith 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the ability to detect the presence of epithelial remnants after total ear canal ablation (TECA) and lateral bulla osteotomy (LBO) with endoscopy and to identify the most common locations of epithelial remnants after tympanic curettage.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsFive fresh canine cadavers with no gross evidence of middle ear disease.MethodsTen TECA‐LBO were performed by four surgeons. After tympanic curettage, a 1.9‐mm rigid 30° endoscope was inserted into the rostral, caudal, dorsal, ventral, and medial sections of the tympanic cavity. Three observers evaluated otoscopic images for epithelial remnants in each compartment. The median distribution of epithelial remnants was calculated for each section of the tympanic cavity with a three‐dimensional tympanic cavity model.ResultsEpithelial remnants were identified in at least one of the five areas of the tympanic cavity after each TECA‐LBO. The rostral section contained the most epithelial remnants (35.6%), while the medial section contained the least amount (1.8%).ConclusionUse of a 1.9‐mm rigid endoscope was an effective method to evaluate all sections of the tympanic cavity after curettage in TECA‐LBO. Epithelial remnants were consistently found after TECA‐LBO, especially in the rostral compartment.Clinical significanceIntraoperative endoscopy should be considered to improve removal of epithelium after initial TECA‐LBO or revision surgeries.
Forced Oscillations of the Discrete Membrane Under Conditions of “Sonic Vacuum”
Authors: Kevorkov S. S. , Koroleva I. P. , Smirnov V. V. , Manevitch L. I. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study presents a new analytical model for nonlinear dynamics of a discrete rectangular membrane that is subjected to external harmonic force. It has recently been shown that the corresponding autonomous system admits a series of nonlinear normal modes. In this paper, we describe stationary and non-stationary dynamics on a single mode manifold. We suggest a simple formula for the amplitude-frequency response in both conservative and non-conservative cases and present an analytical expression (in parametric space) for thresholds for all possible bifurcations. Theoretical results obtained through asymptotic approach are confirmed by the experimental data. Experiments on the shaking table show that amplitude-frequency response to external force in a real system matches our theory. Substantial hysteresis is observed in the regimes with increasing and decreasing frequency of external force. The obtained results may be used in designing nonlinear energy sinks.
Rotor-Alone Tones in the Outflow Noise of a Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Faßbender Armin , Enneking Martin , Jeschke Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the generation of rotor-alone tones and their contribution to the outflow noise of a transonic centrifugal compressor stage with vaneless diffuser and volute by means of unsteady full-annulus computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The aerodynamic field and the generation and propagation of sound were simulated simultaneously using the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) approach of the solver trace and a numerical grid consisting of 170 M cells. To assess the accuracy of the predicted fluctuations, the investigation compares the simulated diffuser flow field to measured flow angles and pressure fluctuations obtained from experiments conducted on a large-scale test rig. The analysis explains the different sound generation mechanisms responsible for tonal components in the acoustic spectrum at the compressor outlet based on the Fourier decomposition of the pressure fluctuations in diffuser and volute. Furthermore, this article analyzes the modal structure of the simulated sound field at the volute outlet by means of a radial mode analysis and discusses the influence of changing operating conditions on the sound power emitted. The analyses reveal that supersonic flow phenomena occurring at choked operating conditions cause a significant increase in noise emissions. Furthermore, the investigation shows that the sound field at the volute outlet is dominated by few low-order modes, a fact that justifies the analysis using methods based on the compressed sensing in future experimental investigations.
An Exploration of Intermediary’s Role in Participatory Product Design at the Bottom of the Pyramid: The Case of Improvised Pedal-Operated
Chaak
Authors: Bhattacharjya Bibhuti Ranjan , Kakoty Sashindra Kumar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Design, development, and delivery of a new product to fulfill the needs and aspirations of marginalized people living at the bottom of the pyramid (BoP) is a challenging endeavor. This is challenging, as the dynamic integration of sociocognitive aspects of the BoP with technological factors is a complicated task. Therefore, the participatory design approach is essential, as it facilitates dialogue among experts from multiple domains. This article presents the case of improvised pedal-operated Chaak (IPC) to appraise a realistic view of a participatory approach in the design and delivery of a new product in the BoP. The role played by Rural Technology Action Group as an intermediary to facilitate co-creation of knowledge during design and delivery of IPC is also discussed. This study infers that the IPC will improve productivity and has the capability to reduce the health drudgery of pottery artisans in Assam, India. This study demonstrates how nonbusiness actors (e.g., academia, non-government organizations, etc.) and local fabricators can constructively participate in the product design and delivery for sustainable community development at the BoP.
An Agent-Based Model for Adoption of Clean Technology Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Pakravan Mohammad H. , MacCarty Nordica 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Technology adoption in low-income regions is among the key challenges facing international development projects. Nearly 40% of the world's population relies on open fires and rudimentary cooking devices exacerbating health outcomes, deforestation, and climatic impacts of inefficient biomass burning. Clean technology alternatives such as clean cookstoves are among the most challenging technologies to approach their target goals through sustainable adoption due to a lack of systematic market-driven design for adoption. Thus, a method is needed to provide insight regarding how target customers evaluate and perceive causes for adopting a clean technology. The holistic approach of this study captures technology adoption through lenses of social networks, individual and society scale beliefs, and rational decision-making behavior. Based on the data collected in the Apac region in Northern Uganda, an agent-based model is developed to simulate emerging adoption behavior in a community. Then, four different scenarios investigate how adoption patterns change due to the potential changes in technology or intervention strategy. These scenarios include influence of stove malfunctions, price elasticity, information campaigns, and strength of a social network. Results suggest that higher adoption rates are achievable if designed technologies are more durable, information campaigns provide realistic expectations for users, policymakers, and education programs work toward women's empowerment, and communal social ties are recognized for influence maximization. The application of this study provides insight for technology designers, project implementers, and policymakers to update their practices for achieving sustainable and to the scale clean technology adoption rates.
Scalable Set-Based Design Optimization and Remanufacturing for Meeting Changing Requirements
Authors: Al Handawi Khalil , Andersson Petter , Panarotto Massimo , Isaksson Ola , Kokkolaras Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDesign requirements are often uncertain in the early stages of product development. Set-based design is a paradigm for exploring, and keeping under consideration, several alternatives so that commitment to a single design can be delayed until requirements are settled. In addition, requirements may change over the lifetime of a component or a system. Novel manufacturing technologies may enable designs to be remanufactured to meet changed requirements. By considering this capability during the set-based design optimization process, solutions can be scaled to meet evolving requirements and customer specifications even after commitment. Such an ability can also support a circular economy paradigm based on the return of used or discarded components and systems to working condition. We propose a set-based design methodology to obtain scalable optimal solutions that can satisfy changing requirements through remanufacturing. We first use design optimization and surrogate modeling to obtain parametric optimal designs. This set of parametric optimal designs is then reduced to scalable optimal designs by observing a set of transition rules for the manufacturing process used (additive or subtractive). The methodology is demonstrated by means of a structural aeroengine component that is remanufactured by direct energy deposition of a stiffener to meet higher loading requirements.