bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Eduardo , Eibel Bruna , Feitosa Audes D M , Brandão Andréa A , Bortolotto Luiz A , Neves Mario F T , Martin José F V , Spinelli Antonio C S , Cestário Elizabeth E S , Campana Erika M G , Toledo Juan C Y , Póvoa Rui M S , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Poulter Neil R , Mota-Gomes Marco A , Barroso Weimar Kunz Sebba 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hypertension is a pathology of high prevalence in the world. In Brazil, it is the main risk factor for the major cause of death in the country, coronary heart disease. The May Measurement Month Campaign in 2018 (MMM18) included a population with representation from all Brazilian states and reflects some of the characteristics of hypertension in Brazil. Questionnaire data were collected and three measures of blood pressure (BP) were performed. The sample consisted of 12 413 individuals, 59.1% were white, 51.3% were women. The average age was 54. ± 16.0 years. Diabetes was present in 11.6%, previous myocardial infarction in 5.9%, and previous stroke in 2.7%. Current smokers were 9.3% and 12.4% were regular drinkers. The average body mass index was 27.3 ± 4.5 kg/m2. After multiple imputations, 67.9% were hypertensive (&gt;140/90 mmHg). Of the individuals who were not taking antihypertensive medication, 27.9% were hypertensive and of those taking antihypertensive medication, 40.3% were uncontrolled. Systolic BP increased with age. The MMM18 campaign demonstrated a large number of unknown hypertensives and a high rate of uncontrolled hypertension in Brazil, unfortunately in keeping with 2017 findings.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Malaysia
Authors: Chia Yook Chin , Ching Siew Mooi , Devaraj Navin Kumar , Chew Bee Nah , Ooi Pei Boon , Mohamed Mohazmi , Othman Azli Shahril , Kang Pei San , Husin Hanis Saadah , Mohamad Gani Abdul Hafiz , Hamid Dalyana , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Poulter Neil R , Xia Xin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hypertension continues to be the top global killer, contributing to over 10 million deaths annually. As prevalence and unawareness of hypertension remain high in Malaysia, this study was aimed to screen more individuals to identify those with undiagnosed hypertension. Respondents aged ≥18 years were recruited through opportunistic sampling at various screening sites including health clinics, hospitals, student health centres, universities, community halls, shopping malls, as well as through other health screening campaigns. Each respondent completed a questionnaire on socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle data. Anthropometric measurements as well as three blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained from all participants. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication. The total number of participants was 4866. The mean age of the participants was 39.8 (17.6) years with 61.1% female participants. Of the 4866 participants, 1405 (28.9%) had hypertension. The proportion of those aware of their hypertension status was 76.3% (1073/1405). The proportion of those with hypertension on medication was 71% (998/1405). Of those receiving antihypertensive treatment, 62.4% (623/998) had controlled BP. The proportion of hypertension in this study was 28.9%. The awareness rate of 76.3% compares favourably to a previously reported national level of 43.2%. Hence, BP screening programmes may be effective at increasing awareness and should be conducted annually.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Mexico
Authors: Alcocer Luis , Chavez Adolfo , Gomez-Alvarez Enrique , Espinosa Cutberto , Pombo Jose , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Poulter Neil R ,   On behalf of the MMM18-Mexico investigators
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In 2015, arterial hypertension was responsible for 18.1% of the total deaths in Mexico and its mortality rate has increased to 29.9% in the last 6 years. It is currently the main risk factor for preventable premature deaths of adults in the country. Good quality epidemiological information is the first step to improve health services. May Measurement Month 2018 (MMM18) in Mexico is an opportunistic survey, which follows the previously published methodology. MMM18 included screening 10 139 participants, 2187 (21.6%) of whom were classified as having hypertension. Of these, 42.0% were aware of the condition before measurement, and 38.0% were on medication, of which 66.5% were controlled. Hence, of all hypertensive patients, 25.3% were controlled (&lt;140/90 mmHg). MMM18 in Mexico provides complementary data to the existing information on arterial hypertension in the country and helps to increase the visibility of hypertension: a priority health problem.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Sudan
Authors: Beheiry Hind M , Abdalla Asma A , Fahal Naiema A , Mohamed Maha I , Ibrahim Dina A , Medani Safaa A , Khalfa Hana A , Mutalab Samih Abdel , Atia Amna , Elsheik Wigdan A , Khalfa Rania A , Mahmoud Nagla E , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Ali Ibtisam A , Poulter Neil R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To raise awareness of high blood pressure (BP) levels and associated risk factors among the Sudanese population. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six Sudanese states during the period May–August 2018. The study area included public indoor and outdoor areas, institutes, and service facilities. A questionnaire for collecting the data was employed including demographic data, along with three consecutive BP measurements. Data were collected by trained volunteers. Hypertension (HTN) was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg based on the mean of the second and third measurements, or in those on antihypertensive medication. The current study indicated a high prevalence of HTN (28.2%) among 40 779 participants and a low level of awareness (20.7%) amongst these participants. Of all, 18.2% of hypertensive participants were on medication and of these, 54.6% were controlled. Of all hypertensives, only 9.9% were controlled. Further action needs to be taken by all stakeholders for raising awareness and increasing screening provision of HTN, which are essential for the development of national health policies for control and management of HTN in Sudan.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from the UK and the Republic of Ireland
Authors: McDonnell Barry J , Beaney Thomas , Al Shezawi Mahfoudha , Cockcroft John R , Barciela Carolina , Tay Tricia , Keitley James , Brady Adrian J B , Padmanabhan Sandosh , McCallum Linsay , Dolan Eamon , O’Brien Eoin , Tomaszewski Maciej , Schutte Aletta E , Poulter Neil R , Cappuccio Franco P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Raised blood pressure (BP) was the biggest contributor to the global burden of disease in 2017, with lack of awareness and adequate control of BP identified as the main drivers of this disease burden. In 2017, an opportunistic BP screening and awareness campaign called May Measurement Month (MMM) in the UK and Republic of Ireland (RoI) highlighted that levels of undiagnosed hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension in the community screened were approximately 23% and 40%, respectively. MMM18 was undertaken to further the campaign’s efforts to increase awareness and create an evidence base of population risk associated with high BP. MMM18 BP screenings were conducted in the community at places of worship, supermarkets, GP surgeries, workplaces, community pharmacies, gyms, and various other public places. A total of 5000 volunteers, aged 47.3 (±17.2) years, 60% female were screened. Of all 5000 individuals screened, 1716 (34.3%) were hypertensive, of which only 51.3% were aware of their condition, 42.8% on antihypertensive treatment, and only 51.5% of those on medication controlled to target BP of &lt;140/90 mmHg. Furthermore, obese, overweight, and underweight participants all had significantly higher BP values compared to individuals with a healthy body mass index (BMI). The 2018 MMM campaign in the UK and the RoI confirmed approximately one in three adults were hypertensive, with more than half having uncontrolled BP. In addition, these findings show that people with low BMI are at risk of having high BP. Finally, with only one in two people aware of their high BP, awareness remains a significant public health concern.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Vietnam
Authors: Van Minh Huynh , Lan Viet Nguyen , Sinh Cao Thuc , Hung Phan Nam , Ngoc Nguyen Thi Mong , Van Hung Ngo , Son Tran Kim , Đong Nguyen Ta , Thang Đoan Chi , Thuan Nguyen Duc , Dinh Thoan Nguyen , Tien Hoang Anh , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Poulter Neil R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Vietnam in the Asia Pacific region has a high hypertension (HTN) prevalence. The May Measurement Month (MMM) program was enthusiastically responded to in Vietnam by launching and deploying it across the whole country from 2017. The aims of the MMM 2018 program in Vietnam were to screen at least 15 000 people aged 18 and over across the country; to inform participants of the risks associated with HTN; and thereby define the proportion of subjects with elevated blood pressure (BP) and assess the awareness and the effectiveness of its treatment. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥ 18 was carried out in May 2018. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of HTN, and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. From May 2018 to June 2018, through 10 cities/provinces in Vietnam, 17 332 individuals with mean age 47.0 ± 17.9 years were screened during MMM18. After multiple imputation, 5260 (30.3%) had HTN. Of individuals not receiving antihypertensive medication, 1956 (13.9%) were hypertensive. Of patients receiving antihypertensive medication, 1540 (46.6%) had uncontrolled BP. Those who had HTN also displayed many additional risk factors similarly to MMM 2017 including smoking, alcohol, overweight-obesity, and diabetes. In conclusion, MMM 2018 campaign is a continuation program of MMM 2017 that has promoted the strength of the BP screening survey in the community in Vietnam, which hopefully will influence on awareness of disease prevention in this century. The next steps of the program will have special innovations on how to reduce the frequency of focusing on variable risk factors to change the overall picture of HTN in Vietnam.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Bangladesh
Authors: Malik Fazila-Tun-Nesa , Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Ishraquzzaman Mir , Kalimuddin Mohammad , Shahriar Huq Tawfiq , Rahman Mohammad Shamimur , Choudhury Sohel Reza , Ahmed Nazir , Badiuzzaman Mohammad , Beaney Thomas , Xia Xin , Ster Anca Chis , Malik Abdul , Poulter Neil R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. According to Non-communicable disease (NCD) Risk Factors Survey Bangladesh 2010, one-fifth (21.9%) of adults aged 25 years or more have hypertension. Almost one-third of the adult population did not have their BP measured in their lifetime in Bangladesh. National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh participated in May Measurement Month (MMM) 2018 as a part of a global initiative aimed at raising awareness of high BP and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes nationally. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2018. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of hypertension and statistical analysis followed the MMM protocol. Data were collected from 10 screening sites in 9 districts in Bangladesh. A total of 5208 individuals were screened during MMM18. After multiple imputation, 1750 (33.6%) had hypertension. Among the 1750 participants with hypertension, 1312 (75.0%) were aware of having hypertension. Among those that were not on antihypertensive medication, 15.2% were hypertensive and among those that were on antihypertensive medication 33.6% had uncontrolled hypertension. The present study showed that opportunistic screening can identify significant numbers of people with raised BP. A periodic public health programme at a national level needs to be initiated to increase hypertension detection and control rates and thus for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Quality indicators for the care and outcomes of adults with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Arbelo Elena ,   (Chair), Aktaa Suleman , Bollmann Andreas , D’Avila André , Drossart Inga , Dwight Jeremy , Hills Mellanie True , Hindricks Gerhard , Kusumoto Fred M , Lane Deirdre A , Lau Dennis H , Lettino Maddalena , Lip Gregory Y H , Lobban Trudie , Pak Hui-Nam , Potpara Tatjana , Saenz Luis C , Van Gelder Isabelle C , Varosy Paul , Gale Chris P , Dagres Nikolaos ,   (Co-chair),   Reviewers, Boveda Serge ,   (review coordinator), Deneke Thomas , Defaye Pascal , Conte Giulio , Lenarczyk Radoslaw , Providencia Rui , Guerra Jose M , Takahashi Yoshihide , Pisani Cristiano , Nava Santiago , Sarkozy Andrea , Glotzer Taya V , Martins Oliveira Mario 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
To develop quality indicators (QIs) that may be used to evaluate the quality of care and outcomes for adults with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results
We followed the ESC methodology for QI development. This methodology involved (i) the identification of the domains of AF care for the diagnosis and management of AF (by a group of experts including members of the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force for AF); (ii) the construction of candidate QIs (including a systematic review of the literature); and (iii) the selection of the final set of QIs (using a modified Delphi method). Six domains of care for the diagnosis and management of AF were identified: (i) Patient assessment (baseline and follow-up), (ii) Anticoagulation therapy, (iii) Rate control strategy, (iv) Rhythm control strategy, (v) Risk factor management, and (vi) Outcomes measures, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). In total, 17 main and 17 secondary QIs, which covered all six domains of care for the diagnosis and management of AF, were selected. The outcome domain included measures on the consequences and treatment of AF, as well as PROMs.

Conclusion
This document defines six domains of AF care (patient assessment, anticoagulation, rate control, rhythm control, risk factor management, and outcomes), and provides 17 main and 17 secondary QIs for the diagnosis and management of AF. It is anticipated that implementation of these QIs will improve the quality of AF care.
Chemical characterization, release, and bioactivity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis polyphenols from freeze-dried sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose matrix
Authors: Nwabor Ozioma Forstinus , Singh Sudarshan , Marlina Dwi , Voravuthikunchai Supayang Piyawan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Crude ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was encapsulated with sodium alginate–sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using freeze-drying techniques. The microcapsules were characterized for particle size, morphology, physicochemical parameters, and micromeritics properties. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the microcapsules were also demonstrated. Results revealed an irregular-shaped microparticles with a mean diameter ranging from 6.7 to 26.6 µm. Zeta potential and polydispersity index ranged from −17.01 to 2.23 mV and 0.34 to 0.49, respectively. Percentage yield ranged between 70.4 and 81.5 per cent whereas encapsulation efficiency ranged between 74.2 ± 0.011 and 82.43 ± 0.77 per cent. Swelling index and solubility varied inversely with extract concentration, with a range of 54.4%–84.0% and 18.8%–22.2%, respectively. Antioxidant activities varied directly with the concentration of the extract. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the microcapsules against Gram-positive foodborne pathogens ranged from 0.19 to 3.12 and 0.19–12.25 mg/ml, respectively. The Higuchi model indicated a time-dependent, delayed, and regulated release of polyphenols at 37°C. The results suggested that alginate–CMC possessed good encapsulant properties that preserved the bioactive extract, thus might be employed for application of natural products in food systems.
Antioxidant Apigenin Relieves Age-Related Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Hyperactive Mitophagy and Apoptosis in Skeletal Muscle of Mice
Authors: Wang Dongtao , Yang Yajun , Zou Xiaohu , Zhang Jing , Zheng Zena , Wang Ziwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy in the aged causes loss in muscle mass and functions. Naturally occurring antioxidant flavonoid apigenin is able to ameliorate obesity- and denervation-induced muscle atrophies, but its effects on age-related muscle atrophy remain unknown. We hypothesized that apigenin can relieve muscle atrophy in aged mice, probably through special effects on reactive oxygen species and enzymes with antioxidant functions. For the male mice of the study, apigenin showed significant dose-dependent effects in relieving aging-related muscle atrophy according to results of frailty index as indicator of frailty associated with aging, grip strength, and running distance. Apigenin also improved myofiber size and morphological features and increased mitochondria number and volume, as manifested by succinate dehydrogenase staining and transmission electron microscopy. Our tests also suggested that apigenin promoted activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase for antioxidation and those for aerobic respiration such as mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complexes I, II, and IV, increased ATP, and enhanced expression of genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A, nuclear respiratory factor-1, and ATP5B involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. The data also suggested that apigenin inhibited Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19kD-interacting protein 3 and DNA fragmentation as indicators of mitophagy and apoptosis in aged mice with skeletal muscle atrophy. Together, the results suggest that apigenin relieves age-related skeletal muscle atrophy through reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting hyperactive autophagy and apoptosis.
Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study
Authors: Rathmacher John A , Pitchford Lisa M , Khoo Paul , Angus Hector , Lang James , Lowry Kristin , Ruby Carol , Krajek Alex C , Fuller John C , Sharp Rick L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to determine whether supplementation with calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and vitamin D3 (D) would enhance muscle function and strength in older adults. Older adults over 60 years of age with insufficient circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OH-D) levels were enrolled in a double-blinded controlled 12-month study. Study participants were randomly assigned to treatments consisting of: (a) Control + no exercise, (b) HMB+D + no exercise, (c) Control + exercise, and (d) HMB+D + exercise. The study evaluated 117 participants via multiple measurements over the 12 months that included body composition, strength, functionality, and questionnaires. HMB+D had a significant benefit on lean body mass within the nonexercise group at 6 months (0.44 ± 0.27 kg, HMB+D vs −0.33 ± 0.28 kg, control, p &lt; .05). In nonexercisers, improvement in knee extension peak torque (60°/s) was significantly greater in HMB+D-supplemented participants than in the nonsupplemented group (p = .04) at 3 months, 10.9 ± 5.7 Nm and −5.2 ± 5.9 Nm, respectively. A composite functional index, integrating changes in handgrip, Get Up, and Get Up and Go measurements, was developed. HMB+D + no exercise resulted in significant increases in the functional index compared with those observed in the control + no exercise group at 3 (p = .03), 6 (p = .04), and 12 months (p = .04). Supplementation with HMB+D did not further improve the functional index within the exercising group. This study demonstrated the potential of HMB and vitamin D3 supplementation to enhance muscle strength and physical functionality in older adults, even in individuals not engaged in an exercise training program.
Global Autocracies: Strategies of Transnational Repression, Legitimation, and Co-Optation in World Politics
Authors: Tsourapas Gerasimos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHow, when, and why does a state take repressive action against individuals residing outside its territorial jurisdiction? Beyond state-led domestic forms of control over citizens living within their legal borders, autocracies also seek to target those abroad—from African states’ sponsoring violence against exiled dissidents to Central Asian republics’ extraditions of political émigrés, and from the adoption of spyware software to monitor digital activism across Latin America to enforced disappearances of East Asian expatriates. Despite growing global interconnectedness, the field of international studies currently lacks an adequate comparative framework for analyzing how autocracies adapt to growing cross-border mobility. I argue that the rise of global migration flows has contributed to the emergence of “transnational authoritarianism,” as autocracies aim to both maximize material gains from citizens’ “exit” and minimize political risks by controlling their “voice” abroad. I demonstrate that governments develop strategies of transnational repression, legitimation, and co-optation that transcend state borders, as well as co-operation with a range of non-state actors. Bringing work on the international politics of migration in conversation with the literature on authoritarianism, I provide illustrative examples drawn from a range of transnational authoritarian practices by the fifty countries categorized as “Not Free” by Freedom House in 2019, covering much of Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. I sketch an emerging field of international studies research around the novel means that autocracies employ to exercise power over populations abroad, while shedding light on the evolving nature of global authoritarianism.