bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spice, Vulnerability, and Victimization: Synthetic Cannabinoids and Interpersonal Crime Victimization among Homeless Adults
Authors: Ellsworth Joshua T. 
Published: November 2019

Background Although the physiologic and psychological harms associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids, such as spice, are well-described, researchers have yet to examine how spice abuse affects exposure to crime. This paper describes the dangerous social environment where spice is used and delineates how synthetic cannabinoid abuse increases the risk of victimization. Methods This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to examine crime- and victimization-related experiences of 22 homeless adults. Transcripts were analyzed for emergent themes using a two-tiered qualitative coding process. Results Those experiencing homelessness describe synthetic cannabinoids as powerful intoxicants. Substances such as spice are sought for their ability to detach those under the drug's influence from reality. Participants illustrated their understanding of how synthetic cannabinoids affect the health and safety of unsheltered persons. Spice use frequently results in rapid intoxication; individuals under the influence of spice are thereby physically vulnerable to crime, particularly theft and robbery. Conclusion Findings add to previous research on the harms of synthetic cannabinoid abuse. This study suggests a victimization process common among homeless persons who use spice: Incapacitation often rapidly follows use, which in turn precipitates victimization.
Extracellular vesicles and chronic inflammation during HIV infection
Authors: Pérez Paula Soledad , Romaniuk María Albertina , Duette Gabriel A. , Zhao Zezhou , Huang Yiyao , Martin‐Jaular Lorena , Witwer Kenneth W , Théry Clotilde , Ostrowski Matías 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTInflammation is a hallmark of HIV infection. Among the multiple stimuli that can induce inflammation in untreated infection, ongoing viral replication is a primary driver. After initiation of effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV replication is drastically reduced or halted. However, even virologically controlled patients may continue to have abnormal levels of inflammation. A number of factors have been proposed to cause inflammation in HIV infection: among others, residual (low‐level) HIV replication, production of HIV protein or RNA in the absence of replication, microbial translocation from the gut to the circulation, co‐infections, and loss of immunoregulatory responses. Importantly, chronic inflammation in HIV‐infected individuals increases the risk for a number of non‐infectious co‐morbidities, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Thus, achieving a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HIV‐associated inflammation in the presence of cART is of utmost importance. Extracellular vesicles have emerged as novel actors in intercellular communication, involved in a myriad of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, with particular emphasis on their role as inducers of chronic inflammation.
Emerging neuromorphic devices
Authors: Ielmini Daniele , Ambrogio Stefano 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the ability of revolutionizing our lives and society in a radical way, by enabling machine learning in the industry, business, health, transportation, and many other fields. The ability to recognize objects, faces, and speech, requires, however, exceptional computational power and time, which is conflicting with the current difficulties in transistor scaling due to physical and architectural limitations. As a result, to accelerate the progress of AI, it is necessary to develop materials, devices, and systems that closely mimic the human brain. In this work, we review the current status and challenges on the emerging neuromorphic devices for brain-inspired computing. First, we provide an overview of the memory device technologies which have been proposed for synapse and neuron circuits in neuromorphic systems. Then, we describe the implementation of synaptic learning in the two main types of neural networks, namely the deep neural network and the spiking neural network (SNN). Bio-inspired learning, such as the spike-timing dependent plasticity scheme, is shown to enable unsupervised learning processes which are typical of the human brain. Hardware implementations of SNNs for the recognition of spatial and spatio-temporal patterns are also shown to support the cognitive computation in silico. Finally, we explore the recent advances in reproducing bio-neural processes via device physics, such as insulating-metal transitions, nanoionics drift/diffusion, and magnetization flipping in spintronic devices. By harnessing the device physics in emerging materials, neuromorphic engineering with advanced functionality, higher density and better energy efficiency can be developed.
Shelf-life estimation of cauliflower based on total soluble solids by using the Arrhenius and Q10 approach
Authors: Khathir R , Agustina R , Nurba Di , Syafriandi  , Putra D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The shelf-life information of cauliflower is very important for the good postharvest handling thus it can reduce loss facing by farmers or sellers. The study aimed to estimate the shelf-life of cauliflower based on its total soluble solid (TSS) by using Arrhenius and Q10 approach. The selected cauliflowers obtained from the local market were stored at extreme temperatures i.e. 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70°C. During storage, the TSS values were determined until the cauliflowers quality was broken. The TSS data were plot into a graph as linear model. The k values were the slope of the curve. The linear curve between ln k value and 1/T at unit of K performed the Arrhenius model. The storage at room temperature was also conducted to observe the actual shelf-life of cauliflower. Finally, by using the Q10 value, the shelf-life of cauliflower was estimated. Results showed that there were fluctuated changes of TSS during storage. At temperature of 50°C the incident increase of TSS was about 0.001%brix hourly, at temperature of 55°C the increase of TSS was about 0.005%brix hourly, whereas at temperature of 65 and 70°C, the incident decrease of TSS was about 0.001%brix hourly. The R-square values were very low from 3 to 43%. The Arrhenius model of the TSS changes in cauliflower was k = 4,3 × 10−8 × e3483/T(R2 =12.7%). The Q10 value was 0.73, and the real shelf-life of cauliflower at 29°C was 5 days. The shelf-life estimations of cauliflower at 2, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C were 2.1 days, 2.7 days, 3.2 days, 3.8 days, and 4.4 days, respectively. These estimated results of shelf-life were not matched with its actual shelf-life. It could be caused by the low content of carbohydrate in cauliflower. Therefore, it is necessary to study the shelf-life estimation of cauliflower by using other parameters such as moisture and ascorbic acid.
Special based isolation system for low-rise RC building
Authors: Hamid N H , Azmi I F , Tiong P L Y , Awang H 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, there were a lot of seismic activities around the world that cause low rise reinforced concrete suffered severe damage and total collapse. A special based isolation system can be equipped to the low rise building to prevent it from damaged and collapse by improving the period, stiffness and damping of the structures. The based isolation system can increase the natural period of a rigid structure under first mode shape by applying low stiffness rubber isolators. These method can provide a better structural behaviour of low rise RC building as compared to moderate or high stiffness rubber isolators. Furthermore, the special based isolation system with maximum damping of 15% for 4 storey and 6 storey RC building. However, the value of optimum damping depends upon the characteristics of ground motions and frequencies of the earthquakes.
Chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation of local rice (Oryza sativa L.) M5 from Aceh province
Authors: Hayati R , Yunita F , Rahmadana F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study of chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation of local rice (Oryza sativa L.) M5 from Aceh Province was carried out. The aim of the study was to determine the chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation of local rice M5 from Aceh Province. The results showed that Aceh local rice M5 had a very significant effect on amylose content, amylopectin content and starch content. The local rice M5 with amylose content were: first elder Sanbei rice, USK-Snb-RGO-S-84 rice, USK-Snb-RGO-CKU-6 rice, USK-Snb-RGO-S-97 rice and USK-Snb-RGO-4F1-B rice. A better amylopectin content was obtained at USK-Snb-RGO-4F1-B rice (53.49%) and had significantly different from the other rice. Whereas a better starch content was obtained at USK-Snb-RGO-4F1-B (72.23%) and had significantly different from all other rice. While the color test for Aceh local rice M5 showed that the value of L and a had a very significant effect while the value of b had not significant. The average L value obtained by Aceh local rice M5 is 112.36-124.82, while the a value obtained is 1.01-2.02 and the resulting b value is 14.17 - 19.71. The sensory evaluation of local rice M5 showed a very significant effect on the attributes of aroma, color, texture, shape and overall acceptance.
Transformation of stilt houses: a way to respond to the environment to be sustainable
Authors: Nursaniah C , Machdar I , Azmeri  , Munir A , Irwansyah M , Sawab H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One type of houses on stilts that are spread on the west coast of the Aceh region is rumoh santeut located in the Teunom area. This vernacular architecture is a residence that has been tested by climate and natural disasters for hundreds of years, but still stands strong and is still inhabited by the fourth generation today. The Teunom settlement environment can represent the characteristics of other settlements on the west coast of Aceh, because it is in the same natural conditions. These settlements often experience flooding due to the overflowing of the Krueng Teunom River which is located adjacent to the settlement. This paper discusses the principles and techniques of construction in the construction of houses on stilts, and how the elements of construction respond to environmental problems as sustainable construction through a process of architectural transformation. Data has been analyzed with qualitative descriptive methods to find out the factors that affect transformation, and how transformation occurs. The findings show that the nature and potential of the material affect the structure / construction, building components, and construction methods. The houses on stilts in Teunom have been transformed together with changes in the socio-cultural community and changes in the natural environment. The use of cement, brick, and iron has now resulted in changes in the method of construction and appearance of the house. Wooden stilt houses that are transformed can be divided into two types of construction, they are transformed into contemporary houses, and are transformed as new stage houses. How the ancestors took care of their homes, and the fact that these houses still exist, should be an example in modern society.
Comparison of evapotranspiration between continuous flooding and shallow water depth irrigation in different rice varieties of Indonesia
Authors: Maftukhah R , Nugroho B D A , Suli A S , Annisa H N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lowland rice field with continuous flooding irrigation is the predominant rice cultivation system in Indonesia which need high demand of water. Nowadays, water scarcity and climate change issues need to be address with new technology to increase water use efficiency in rice production. This study aims to compare rice seasonal evapotranspiration between continuous flooding (CF) and shallow water depth (SWD) irrigation in different rice varieties. Pot experiments were conducted during rainy season in 2018 at screen house Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Three different rice varieties, Hitam, Mutiara, and IR 64 were used in this experiment. Daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using Penman-Monteith equation and the weather variables were collected at the site by an automatic weather station. Irrigation water input were monitored every day and actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) was determined by using water balance method. ETo during plant growth season was varied from 1.78 mm/day to 3.46 mm/day with average value of 2.64 mm/day. Rice daily ETa was varied among irrigation treatments and rice varieties. ETa of Hitam variety under SWD was varied from 0.90 mm/day to 5.47 mm/day and under CF was 0.71 mm/day to 6.36 mm/day. IR64 under SWD was varied from 1.51 mm/day to 4.20 mm/day and under CF was 0.85 mm/day to 6.51 mm/day. Mutiara was showed higher ETa than Hitam and IR64 both in SWD and CF irrigation with value ranged from 1.46 mm/day to 4.99 mm/day for SWD and 1.13 mm/day to 8.63 mm/day for CF.
Modeling the plantation area of geographical indication product under climate change: Salak Pondoh Sleman (Salacca edulis cv Reinw)
Authors: Nuary R B , Sukartiko A C , Machfoedz M M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As a geographical indication product, Salak Pondoh Sleman can only be cultivated in certain regions, to get fruit with distinctive characteristics. The risk of climate change in the future, therefore, can have an impact both on the possessed characteristics and on the grown area, both directly affecting the amount of product availability in the market. This study aims to generate a spatial model on the probability of Salak Pondoh Sleman plantation distribution under climate change. IP (IPSL-CM5A-LR) model in RCP45 was used to project the temperature and precipitation in 2050. Modeling the probability of plantation distribution was done by ArcMap 10.3 and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) software. Based on the developed model, Salak Pondoh Sleman is vulnerable to the climate change effect, indicated by the smaller probability of distribution of the Salak Pondoh Sleman planting area in 2050. The decrease in a suitable grown-area and required risk mitigation are discussed further in this paper.
Design of integrated database of smart coffee enterprise support system for coffee small medium enterprise
Authors: Nugroho A P , Sutiarso L , Purwantana B , Puttanto B B , Fabianus R , Latif A , Sutyowati Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Coffee has great potential to improve the quality of life of farmers in Indonesia. In the business sector, demand for Indonesian coffee is suitable for the needs of both the local and the world market. However, the rising demand for world coffee and the high purchase prices have not been able to prosper farmers. Governance and trade procedure for the coffee industry, considering the simplification of the supply chain concept and information technology approach is necessary to be introduced. Coop Coffee stands for the Co-operative for the Indonesian Coffee is the business program from the Ministry of Co-operative & Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Of Republic of Indonesia, aims to improve the coffee farmers’ wealth in co-operative bases as well as promote the Indonesian best coffee to the world. As a backbone, a Smart Coffee Enterprise Support System (SCESS) was developed to accompany the data transactions. The objective of this study was to design an integrated database of SCESS for coffee SME management. The database designed using relational database concept and visualized in the Entity Relationship Diagram with 14 entities and 15 relations, from the on-farm, off-farm, and market. The developed system was implemented to manage the coffee SME in Pelaga, Badung, Bali province. The SME has 24 Subak with 127 farmers, 168,924 hectares of area, and about 57.320 coffee tress. The integrated database system recorded the farmer name, address, their coffee farming facilities, and estimated yield, and finance loan from the government under the KUR (Kredit Usaha Rakyat).
Temperature distribution in the planum on the cocoa box dryer in Sidorejo Village, East Lampung Regency
Authors: Suharyatun S , Asmara S , Lanya B , Eprimal R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of the factors that influence the quality of the results of cocoa drying using a box dryer is the temperature distribution in the Planum. This study aims to study the distribution pattern of Planum temperature in cocoa box dryers. The study was conducted on a cocoa box dryer with a hot air suction system in Sidorejo village, Sekampung Udik sub-district, East Lampung. The parameters measured are temperatures at several points in the Planum space. Temperature measurements are carried out periodically during the cocoa drying period. The results showed that temperature distribution in the Planum room was quite evenly distributed with the average temperature during the cocoa drying period (12 hours) of (75.01 ± 1.85) °C. Drying temperature in drying chamber is (60.01±3.92)°C and moisture content of Cocoa is (8.06 ± 0.65 )%
Potential of heavy metal contamination in cultivated red seaweed (Gracilaria sp. and Eucheuma cottonii) from coastal area of Java, Indonesia
Authors: Afiah R N , Supartono W , Suwondo E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Heavy metal is one of the widespread environmental contaminants in Indonesian coastal waters. These heavy metals have a potential negative impact on the aquatic organism and the people who consumed it. Most seaweed cultivation in Indonesia is located in urbanized estuaries, cultivated seaweed can accumulate contaminants such as heavy metals. This study focuses on the analysis of heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in Gracilaria sp. and Eucheuma cottonii from various cultivation areas in Java, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to find out whether seaweed can pose a potential risk to consumers and know the source of heavy metal contamination. The Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method was used to determine the heavy metal level in seaweed. These results indicate generally that heavy metal contents of seaweeds cultivated urbanized estuaries should be monitored since accumulation appears to be site-dependent. Seaweed that cultivated in locations around the industry with poor waste management has an impact on higher levels of heavy metal.
The potential of canonical correlation analysis in multivariable screening of climate model
Authors: Tukimat N N A , Harun S , Tadza M Y M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The statistical downscaling model (SDSM) been used to analyse the potential changes of local climate trend in the long term. The difficulty of the SDSM model in selecting the best predictors group which having good association to the local climate. Even the SDSM provides screening process to analyse the predictor-rainfall relationship, however it has limited ability in analysing multiple variables from 26 predictors with 10 rainfall stations around Kedah state, Malaysia. In this regard, the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) been used to analyse the multi predictor-rainfall relationships. The concept of canonical coefficient is sufficient to show the capability and reliability of the predictors based on the percentages of variance that can explained in the dependent variable using the independent variable. There were 10 predictors’ group have been developed and one predictor’s group was built based on the CCA result. The performances of these predictors groups were tested using statistical analyses. Results revealed that the predictors group selected by the CCA method has produced smaller values of MAE and MSE for all stations except at station of Ladang Tanjung Pauh. The box plot’s results, which generated from one hundred simulated samples, indicated that the performance of CCA method was remarkable. The presence of discrepancies in the HadCM3-A2 and HadCM3-B2 scenario simulations were relatively small and considered acceptable.
Prediction of surface color of ‘crystal’ guava using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis
Authors: Kusumiyati  , Sutari W , Farida  , Mubarok S , Hamdani J S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy technique has been increasingly applied in sorting of agricultural products, especially fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the use of UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to predict the surface color (L*, a*, and b*) of ‘crystal’ guava. Wavelengths covering the UV-Vis (300-699 nm) and UV-Vis-NIR (300-1065 nm) area were investigated to obtain the best prediction accuracy. A total of 120 samples of guava fruits were harvested at the same maturity level, the samples were divided into 3 groups, which consisted of 40 samples per group. The first group was stored for 0 days. The second and third groups were stored for 4 and 8 days, respectively. Spectra data acquisition was performed at wavelengths of 300-1065 nm and interval of 3 nm. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) spectra correction methods were applied to improve prediction accuracy. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used as calibration method. Validation was done by the k fold cross validation. The best prediction of L* was obtained at UV-Vis-NIR wavelength with SNV correction method. The UV-Vis wavelength and SNV acquired the best prediction of a*. Original spectra and UV-Vis-NIR wavelengths resulted the best prediction of b*.
Risk analysis and prevention system to minimize claim and dispute on construction projects
Authors: Hayati K , Latief Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Claims and disputes between the owners and contractors may always occur on construction projects. Thus, sensitivity to the fundamental factors in identifying claims becomes important besides the undoubtedly-effective and proper skills in project management. This research aims to study the causal factors which potentially high in term of its level of risk that leads to the project claims, in order to set a comprehensive risk-based approach that is applicable for an effective claim management system. Six layers of data collection were passed-through. The identified factors examined with such analysis of homogeneity, validity and reliability tests offered in SPSS. In this regard, the risk factors that considered the causes of the claims were set as independent variables, while dispute was designated as dependent variables. The findings were then re-analyzed based on its risk-levels and its causes, thus preventive actions could be measures. As the result, a set of dominant risks and its plausible responses identified. This research finding suggests a preventing system which consists of five guidelines that should be applied in construction projects to minimize the occurrence of claims and disputes; risk management planning; competent project team; detailed and accurate specification and quality; documentation system and record keeping; and precautionary measures during the construction period.