bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intussusception in a pregnant woman
Authors: Silva Ana Cristina , Moreira Pedro Soares , Simões Vitor Costa , Sampaio Mónica , Santos Marisa Domingues 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Abdominal pain in a pregnant woman with a history of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in the emergency department is challenging. Intussusception is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction after LRYGB and can lead to intestinal necrosis, perforation, sepsis and death. The authors report a case of a 34-week pregnant patient, previously submitted to LRYGB, presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain and vomiting. A computed tomography scan suggested the presence of ileoileal intussusception. So, an emergent laparotomy was performed with invagination reduction. The postoperative period was uneventful, as well as pregnancy and caesarian performed 4 weeks after surgery. At the 45-month follow-up, there was no recurrence of intussusception.
Hypersequent calculi for non-normal modal and deontic logics: countermodels and optimal complexity
Authors: Dalmonte Tiziano , Lellmann Björn , Olivetti Nicola , Pimentel Elaine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present some hypersequent calculi for all systems of the classical cube and their extensions with axioms ${T}$, ${P}$ and ${D}$ and for every $n \geq 1$, rule ${RD}_n^+$. The calculi are internal as they only employ the language of the logic, plus additional structural connectives. We show that the calculi are complete with respect to the corresponding axiomatization by a syntactic proof of cut elimination. Then, we define a terminating proof search strategy in the hypersequent calculi and show that it is optimal for coNP-complete logics. Moreover, we show that from every failed proof of a formula or hypersequent it is possible to directly extract a countermodel of it in the bi-neighbourhood semantics of polynomial size for coNP logics, and for regular logics also in the relational semantics. We finish the paper by giving a translation between hypersequent rule applications and derivations in a labelled system for the classical cube.
Compact, bulge-dominated structures of spectroscopically confirmed quiescent galaxies at z ≈ 3
Authors: Lustig Peter , Strazzullo Veronica , D’Eugenio Chiara , Daddi Emanuele , Pannella Maurilio , Renzini Alvio , Cimatti Andrea , Gobat Raphael , Jin Shuowen , Mohr Joseph J , Onodera Masato 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We study structural properties of spectroscopically confirmed massive quiescent galaxies at z ≈ 3 with one of the first sizeable samples of such sources, made of ten 10.8 &lt; log (M⋆/M⊙) &lt; 11.3 galaxies at 2.4 &lt; z &lt; 3.2 in the COSMOS field whose redshifts and quiescence are confirmed by Hubble Space Telescope (HST) grism spectroscopy. Although affected by a weak bias toward younger stellar populations, this sample is deemed to be largely representative of the majority of the most massive and thus intrinsically rarest quiescent sources at this cosmic time. We rely on targeted HST/Wide-Field Camera 3 observations and fit Sérsic profiles to the galaxy surface brightness distributions at $\approx {4000}\hbox{-}{\, {\mathring{\rm A}}}$ rest frame. We find typically high Sérsic indices and axis ratios (medians ≈ 4.5 and 0.73, respectively) suggesting that, at odds with some previous results, the first massive quiescent galaxies may largely be already bulge-dominated systems. We measure compact galaxy sizes with an average of $\approx {1.4}\, {\rm kpc}$ at log (M⋆/M⊙) ≈ 11.2, in good agreement with the extrapolation at the highest masses of previous determinations of the stellar mass–size relation of quiescent galaxies, and of its redshift evolution, from photometrically selected samples at lower and similar redshifts. This work confirms the existence of a population of compact, bulge dominated, massive, quiescent sources at z ≈ 3, providing one of the first statistical estimates of their structural properties, and further constraining the early formation and evolution of the first quiescent galaxies.
New observations of NGC 1624−2 reveal a complex magnetospheric structure and underlying surface magnetic geometry
Authors: David-Uraz A , Petit V , Shultz M E , Fullerton A W , Erba C , Keszthelyi Z , Seadrow S , Wade G A 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
NGC 1624−2 is the most strongly magnetized O-type star known. Previous spectroscopic observations of this object in the ultraviolet provided evidence that it hosts a large and dense circumstellar magnetosphere. Follow-up observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope not only confirm that previous inference, but also suggest that NGC 1624−2’s magnetosphere has a complex structure. Furthermore, an expanded spectropolarimetric time series shows a potential departure from a dipolar magnetic field geometry, which could mean that the strongest field detected at the surface of an O-type star is also topologically complex. This result raises important questions regarding the origin and evolution of magnetic fields in massive stars.
Direct geometrical measurement of the Hubble constant from galaxy parallax: predictions for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
Authors: Croft Rupert A C 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the possibility that a statistical detection of the galaxy parallax shifts due to the Earth’s motion with respect to the cosmic microwave background frame (cosmic secular parallax) could be made by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) or by the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (NGRST), and used to measure the Hubble constant. We make mock galaxy surveys that extend to redshift z = 0.06 from a large N-body simulation, and include astrometric errors from the LSST and NGRST science requirements, redshift errors, and peculiar velocities. We include spectroscopic redshifts for the brightest galaxies (r &lt; 18) in the fiducial case. We use these catalogues to make measurements of parallax versus redshift for various assumed survey parameters and analysis techniques. We find that in order to make a competitive measurement it will be necessary to model and correct for the peculiar velocity component of galaxy proper motions. It will also be necessary to push astrometry of extended sources into a new regime, and combine information from the different elements of resolved galaxies. In the Appendix, we describe some simple tests of galaxy image registration that yield relatively promising results. For our fiducial survey parameters, we predict an rms error on the direct geometrical measurement of H0 of $2.8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for LSST and $0.8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for NGRST.
Association of urinary sex steroid hormones with urinary calcium, oxalate and citrate excretion in kidney stone formers
Authors: Fuster Daniel G , Morard Gaétan A , Schneider Lisa , Mattmann Cedric , Lüthi David , Vogt Bruno , Dhayat Nasser A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Sex-specific differences in nephrolithiasis with respect to both distribution of prevalence and stone composition are widely described and may be influenced by sex hormones.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between 24-h urinary sex hormone metabolites measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with urinary calcium, oxalate and citrate excretion in a cohort of 628 kidney stone formers from a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland, taking demographic characteristics, kidney function and dietary factors into account.

Results
We observed a positive association of urinary calcium with urinary testosterone and 17β-oestradiol. Positive associations of urinary calcium with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 5α-DH-testosterone, aetiocholanolone, androsterone and oestriol were modified by net gastrointestinal alkali absorption or urinary sulphate excretion. As the only sex hormone, DHEA was inversely associated with urinary oxalate excretion in adjusted analyses. Urinary citrate correlated positively with urinary testosterone. Associations of urinary citrate with urinary androsterone, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol were modified by urinary sulphate or sodium or by sex.

Conclusions
Urinary androgens and oestrogens are significantly associated with urinary calcium and citrate excretion and associations are modified in part by diet. Our data furthermore reveal DHEA as a novel factor associated with urinary oxalate excretion in humans.
Kidney transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: narrative analysis and review of the last two decades
Authors: Chitty David W , Hartley-Brown Monique A , Abate Mersema , Thakur Richa , Wanchoo Rimda , Jhaveri Kenar D , Nair Vinay 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There have been significant advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma in the last two decades. Approximately 25% of patients with newly diagnosed myeloma have some degree of kidney impairment. During the course of illness, nearly 50% of myeloma patients will develop kidney disease. Moreover, ∼10% of myeloma patients have advanced kidney disease requiring dialysis at presentation. Hemodialysis is associated with a significantly reduced overall survival (OS). In the setting of prolonged long-term OS due to the use of newer immunotherapeutic agents in the treatment of myeloma, patients with myeloma and advanced kidney disease may benefit from more aggressive management with kidney transplantation (KTx). Unfortunately, most data regarding outcomes of KTx in patients with myeloma come from single-center case series. With the advent of novel treatment choices, it remains unclear if outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with myeloma have improved in recent years. In this descriptive systematic review, we coalesced published patient data over the last 20 years to help inform clinicians and patients on expected hematologic and KTx outcomes in this complex population. We further discuss the future of KTx in patients with paraproteinemia.
Testing Augmented Reality for Eliciting Cue-Provoked Urges to Smoke: Toward Moving Cue-Exposure Into the Real World
Authors: Brandon Karen O , Vinci Christine , Kleinjan Marloes , Hernandez Laura M , Sawyer Leslie E , Sutton Steven K , Brandon Thomas H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Cue exposure for extinguishing conditioned urges to smoking cues has been promising in the laboratory, but difficult to implement in natural environments. The recent availability of augmented reality (AR) via smartphone provides an opportunity to overcome this limitation. Testing the ability of AR to elicit cue-provoked urges to smoke (ie, cue reactivity [CR]) is the first step to systemically testing the efficacy of AR for cue exposure therapy.

Objectives
To test CR to smoking-related AR cues compared to neutral AR cues, and compared to in vivo cues.

Methods
A 2 × 2 within-subject design comparing cue content (smoking vs. neutral) and presentation modality (AR vs. in vivo) on urge response. Seventeen smokers viewed six smoking-related and six neutral cues via AR smartphone app and also six smoking and six neutral in vivo cues. Participants rated their urge to smoke and reality/co-existence of the cue.

Results
Average urge to smoke was higher following smoking-related AR images (Median = 7.50) than neutral images (Median = 3.33) (Z = −3.44; p = .001; d = 1.37). Similarly, average urge ratings for in vivo smoking-related cues (Median = 8.12) were higher than for neutral cues (Median = 2.12) (Z = −3.44; p = .001; d = 1.64). Also, greater CR was observed for in vivo cues than for AR cues (Z = −2.67, p = .008; d = .36). AR cues were generally perceived as being realistic and well-integrated.

Conclusions
CR was demonstrated with very large effect sizes in response to AR smoking cues, although slightly smaller than with in vivo smoking cues. This satisfies the first criterion for the potential use of AR for exposure therapy.

Implications
This study introduces AR as a novel modality for presenting smoking-related stimuli to provoke cue reactivity, and ultimately to conduct extinction-based therapy. AR cues presented via a smartphone have the advantage over other modes of cue presentation (pictures, virtual reality, in vivo, etc.) of being easily transportable, affordable, and realistic, and they can be inserted in a smokers’ natural environment rather than being limited to laboratory and clinic settings. These AR features may overcome the generalizability barriers of other methods, thus increasing clinical utility for cue exposure therapies.
The Equilibrium Impact of Agricultural Risk on Intermediate Inputs and Aggregate Productivity
Authors: Donovan Kevin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractI consider the aggregate impact of low intermediate input intensity in the agricultural sector of developing countries. In a dynamic general equilibrium model with idiosyncratic shocks, incomplete markets, and subsistence requirements, farmers in developing countries use fewer intermediate inputs because it limits their exposure to uninsurable shocks. The calibrated model implies that Indian agricultural productivity would increase by 16% if markets were complete, driven by quantitatively important increases in both the average real intermediate share and measured TFP through lower misallocation. I then extend the results to consider the importance of risk in other contexts. First, the introduction of insurance decreases cross-country differences in agricultural labour productivity by 14%. Second, scaling the introduction of improved seeds to decrease downside risk reduces inequality by reallocating resources from rich to poor farmers via equilibrium effects. This reallocation substantially increases aggregate productivity relative to what would be expected from extrapolating the partial equilibrium impact.
Genomics Reveals Widespread Ecological Speciation in Flightless Insects
Authors: McCulloch Graham A , Foster Brodie J , Dutoit Ludovic , Harrop Thomas W R , Guhlin Joseph , Dearden Peter K , Waters Jonathan M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent genomic analyses have highlighted parallel divergence in response to ecological gradients, but the extent to which altitude can underpin such repeated speciation remains unclear. Wing reduction and flight loss have apparently evolved repeatedly in montane insect assemblages and have been suggested as important drivers of hexapod diversification. We test this hypothesis using genomic analyses of a widespread wing-polymorphic stonefly species complex in New Zealand. We identified over 50,000 polymorphic genetic markers generated across almost 200 Zelandoperla fenestrata stonefly specimens using a newly generated plecopteran reference genome, to reveal widespread parallel speciation between sympatric full-winged and wing-reduced ecotypes. Rather than the existence of a single, widespread, flightless taxon (Zelandoperla pennulata), evolutionary genomic data reveal that wing-reduced upland lineages have speciated repeatedly and independently from full-winged Z. fenestrata. This repeated evolution of reproductive isolation between local ecotype pairs that lack mitochondrial DNA differentiation suggests that ecological speciation has evolved recently. A cluster of outlier single-nucleotide polymorphisms detected in independently wing-reduced lineages, tightly linked in an approximately 85 kb genomic region that includes the developmental “supergene” doublesex, suggests that this “island of divergence” may play a key role in rapid ecological speciation. [Ecological speciation; genome assembly; genomic island of differentiation; genotyping-by-sequencing; incipient species; plecoptera; wing reduction.]
The resolutions of the board of trust protectors in the context of the Mexican private express trust
Authors: Ibarra Garza Rafael , Garza Gómez Marcelo José 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Significant legal uncertainty exists around the validity of resolutions of the board of trust protectors of private express trusts in Mexican law due to its lacunary regulation. By comparing with Mexican corporate law, specifically with the Mexican sociedad anónima (corporation), the conditions for the validity of the board of trust protectors’ resolutions are resolved. The comparison is made with the regulations that apply to the board of directors’ resolutions and their duty or loyalty and care.
Quasi-trustees, unauthorised purposes and ethical investment: What is the significance of the R (Palestine Solidarity Campaign Ltd & Anor) v Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government [2020] UKSC 16 case for the trustees’ fiduciary duty of investment and “ethical” investment opportunities?
Authors: Brown Lloyd 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This case analysis concerns the decision of the UK Supreme Court in R (Palestine Solidarity Campaign Ltd & Anor) v Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, which determines whether guidance issued by the Secretary of State was ultra vires. The guidance confined the administration of a local government pension scheme in respect to “ethical” investments deemed contrary to central government policy. The outcome of the decision is significant for its acknowledgment of the overriding importance of the trustees’ fiduciary duty of investment, together with being contemporaneous with the current trend for “ESG” considerations in the economic markets.
When Western History Tried to Reinvent Itself: Revisionism, Controversy, and the Reception of the New Western History
Authors: Massip Nathalie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article reviews the reception of the New Western History, whose emergence coincided with the history and culture wars of the late twentieth century. I analyze debates and arguments created by revisionists’ writings, both within the walls of academia and beyond. The discussions which the movement triggered within the historical profession led to exceptional press coverage that attested to the central place the West occupies in the American imagination. Similarly, the uproar generated by the 1991 Smithsonian’s West as America exhibition further demonstrated Americans’ singular attachment to the story of the West as the creation myth of the nation. Just as the culture wars of the period hinged on a definition of an American identity, the reappraisal of the western past was perceived, by some, as questioning what it meant to be a westerner and, ultimately, an American.
Co-occurring Substance Use Disorders Identified Among Delivery Hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Jarlenski Marian , Krans Elizabeth E. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Substance use in pregnancy is increasing in the United States (US), although little is know about co-occurring substance use disorders in pregnancy. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and patterns of co-occurring substance use disorders identified at delivery hospitalizations among US women.

Methods:
Using data from the National Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative sample of hospitalizations in the US, we identified females ages 15 to 44 years with a delivery hospitalization from 2007 to 2016 (weighted N = 38 million). We identified diagnoses for use of any of the following substance use disorders: alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, sedatives, or tobacco. Using multivariable regression, we calculated the weighted adjusted prevalence of additional substances used within each specific substance use disorder category.

Results:
Seven percent of women were diagnosed with any substance use disorder at delivery hospitalization (6.5% tobacco, 1% cannabis, 0.5% opioids, and <1% amphetamines, alcohol, cocaine, and sedatives). Among those with any substance use disorder diagnosis, the adjusted prevalence of any co-occurring use disorder was greatest for those who used alcohol (69%), cocaine (69%), amphetamines (63%), and opioids (62%). Among pregnant women who were diagnosed with cocaine, amphetamines, alcohol or opioid use disorder, tobacco (>45% in all groups), and cannabis (>10% in all groups) were the most common additional substances used. Tobacco and cannabis use disorders were commonly diagnosed together.

Conclusions:
Co-occurring substance use disorders are common among women with any substance use disorder in pregnancy. Findings support the need for public health efforts to monitor and address multiple, concurrent use of substances in pregnancy.
Effect of Topical Steroid on Swallowing Following ACDF
Authors: Kim Han Jo , Alluri Ram , Stein Dan , Lebl Darren , Huang Russel , Lafage Renaud , Bennett Tianna , Lafage Virginie , Albert Todd 
Published: December 2020

Study Design.
Randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial.

Objective.
To investigate the effectiveness of local intraoperative corticosteroids at decreasing the severity of swallowing difficulty following multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data.
Dysphagia is a common complication after ACDF, and while for most patients the symptoms are mild and transient, some patients can suffer from severe dysphagia resulting in significant postoperative morbidity. Previous studies investigating the local application of corticosteroids are limited.

Methods.
This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of patients undergoing 2, 3, or 4 level ACDF for radiculopathy and/or myelopathy. Patients undergoing multilevel ACDF were randomized to receive local corticosteroid in the retropharyngeal space or placebo (no steroid). Dysphagia was assessed using validated outcomes including the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (Eat-10) and Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) Questionnaire both preoperatively and at 1 day (POD1), 2 days (POD2), and 1-month postoperatively.

Results.
One-hundred nine patients had a complete dataset available for analysis. Eat-10 scores were significantly lower in the Steroid group on POD2 (8 vs. 16, P = 0.03) and 1-month postoperatively (2 vs. 5, P = 0.03). A comparison of the individual SWAL-QOL subscale scores demonstrated that patients in the Steroid group had better scores than the Control group in various subscales at all postoperative time points. Significant differences were noted (always in favor of the Steroid group) in 40% of subscales on POD1, 60% of subscales on POD2, and 50% of subscales at 1-month postoperatively. The Control group never had a better SWAL-QOL subscale score at any time point postoperatively.

Conclusion.
Local administration of corticosteroid after multilevel ACDF can decrease postoperative severity and symptomatology of dysphagia during the immediate postoperative period to 1-month postoperatively. The long-term effects of local steroid administration on fusion and other complications will need to be established in future studies.

Level of Evidence: 1