bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sabun Mandi Cair Ekstrak Etanol Buah Kapulaga (Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton)
Authors: Rasyadi Yahdian , Yenti Revi , Jasril Aulia Putri 
Published: February 2020

Sabun dapat membersihkan kulit dari kotoran maupun bakteri, salah satu tanaman obat yang diduga memiliki sifat sebagai antibakteri adalah kapulaga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasi ekstrak etanol buah kapulaga dalam sedian sabun mandi cair dan melihat stabilitas fisiknya. Sabun mandi cair ekstrak etanol buah kapulaga dibuat menjadi empat formula yaitu F0 (mengandung ekstrak buah kapulaga 0%), F1 (mengandung ekstrak buah kapulaga 2%), F2 (mengandung ekstrak buah kapulaga 4%), dan F3 (mengandung ekstrak buah kapulaga 6%). Uji stabilitas fisik sabun mandi cair meliputi pemeriksaan bobot jenis, uji daya busa, uji viskositas, dan uji stabilitas (organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, cycling test). Hasil evaluasi bobot jenis F0, F1, F2, F3 berturut-turut adalah 1,09; 1,09; 1,10; dan 1,10 g/mL. Hasil uji daya busa F0, F1, F2, F3 berturut-turut adalah 0,47; 0,70; 0,75; dan 0,80 cm. Hasil uji homogenitas dan cycling test menunjukkan bahwa semua formula yang dibuat homogen dan tidak memisah setelah 6 minggu penyimpanan. Sabun mandi cair ekstrak etanol buah kapulaga stabil secara fisika selama penyimpanan enam minggu dan memenuhi syarat sediaan sabun mandi cair.
Human Capital Management and Work Behavior: Evidence from Nepali Life Insurance Companies
Authors: Gautam Prakash Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Background: Human resource is dynamic and complex ever because of changes in local, regional and global dimensions. Managing people for optimal use of their competencies for organizational purpose has no options. Employee motivation and employee turnover is being the central issue in the modern organizations, corporate movement of competent people is being the regular corporate news in business arena. Human capital management (HCM) helps them to be satisfied and being positive to their work and the organization. It helps organization to cope with turnover challenge and deviant workplace behavior. Employee motivation, satisfaction, job burnout, turnover are being common challenges to the management. To cope with such challenges, organizations should have strategic focus on human capital management.
Objectives: This study aims to explore the situation of human capital management in Nepali insurance companies and the employee’s satisfaction from human capital management. The study also aims to examine the association between satisfaction from HCM and workplace behavior. To examine the gender influence on workplace behavior of the employees created by HCM.
Methods: This study was conducted with correlational research design. Primary data for each variable was collected from 402 employees of different seven life insurance companies having at least five years of business experience. To observe the current HCM practices, 3-Point statements were asked. Structured questionnaire with 5-Point Likert Scale was used to collect responses on satisfaction from HCM and the satisfaction towards positive workplace behavior. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and independent sample t-tests were used to examine the objectives.
Result: Results of the study revealed that Nepali insurance companies have maintained human capital management causing employee satisfaction. Employees have reported that they have positive workplace behavior. Female employees have more positive workplace behavior of employees. Employee’s satisfaction from HCM is obtained having positive relationship with workplace behavior.
Conclusion: Nepali insurance companies have satisfactory HCM effective to motivate their employees. Employee’s satisfaction leads for positive workplace behavior. There is no gender difference in satisfaction on HCM while female have more positive workplace behavior in comparison to their male counterparts.
Implications: To cope with intense competition among the competitors in Nepali insurance industry, this study provides strong evidence to focus on HCM and positive workplace behavior.
Evaluation of Taste Disturbance in Pre and Post Mastoid Surgery Patients
Authors: Manandhar Sriti , Chettri ST , Kandel DR 
Published: February 2020

Background: Mastoid surgery is one of the commonest surgeries in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck department. Surgeons are less aware of preserving chorda tympani nerve (CT). Injury to the chord tympani nerve is common in middle ear surgery as the course of CT runs between ossicles and close to tympanic membrane. It makes the surgeon difficult to preserve it during the surgery. The study was done to observe frequency of taste disturbances (TD) in all patients undergoing mastoid surgery and to correlate between intra operative status of CT and type of intra operative status of CT injury with postoperative taste disturbances.
Methods: A prospective analytical study was conducted in patients who underwent mastoid surgery. The intra operative status of CT was studied, different forms of injury to the nerve were noticed and its impact on taste disturbances was assessed subjectively with questionnaire. The patients with taste disturbances were followed till twelve weeks.
Result: None of the patients had taste disturbances prior to surgery. Out of 65 patients, only 15 patients became symptomatic in second postoperative day and the taste disturbances were in the form of altered taste (26.66%), dry mouth (26.66%) and numbness (46.66%). Symptoms like altered taste and numbness were present till the eighth week of surgery and disappeared by the twelfth week except one patient in whom numbness persisted till twelfth week. The symptoms did not correlate with the intra operative status of CT. The symptoms disappeared with duration of operation and it was significant.
Conclusion: None of the patients voluntarily complained regarding taste disturbances until they were specifically asked. Only 15 patients had taste disturbances; 7 had numbness, 4 dryness of mouth and 4altered taste. The taste disturbances did not correlate with the type of intra operative status of CT. CT was not identified in 9 patients and only 3 (33.3%) became symptomatic and CT was cut with micro scissors in 26 patients but only 4 (15.38%) patients were symptomatic.
Noise Induced Hearing Loss among Factory Workers of Dharan Industrial Area
Authors: Paudel D , Bhandary S , Pokharel A , Chettri ST , Shah SP , Sah BP , Manandhar S 
Published: February 2020

Background: Hearing loss is the most common sensory loss accounting for 250 million population of world out of which 16% is attributed from occupational exposure to loud noise, ranging from 7% to 21% in different parts of the world. The prevalence of noise induced hearing loss is more common among factory workers than general population. There are limited reports regarding occupational noise from developing country like Nepal.
Method: A cross sectional study was done in Dharan Industrial Area between February 2014 to May 2014. Twenty different industries operating inside the premises of industrial area were categorized into four major categories as per the nature and types, such as: Metal, Plastic, Food and Chemical based industries. Measurement of the sound was done in two phases. Pure tone audiometry of the exposed and non-exposed population was done.
Results: Total 104 workers were included from 20 different factories; out of them 80 workers were exposed to loud noise and 24 were non-exposed who acted as the control. The frequency of hearing loss among exposed population was 38.8% and it was 12.5% among non-exposed and the difference was statistically significant. In exposed population hearing loss was 7.7%, 40.5% and 60.9% in age groups of 15- 30, 31- 45 and > 46 years respectively and the difference was statistically significant. Population working longer duration had more chance of noise induced hearing loss and the difference was significant.
Conclusion: Population working in noise producing factory has high risk of developing noise induced hearing loss and the risk increases in older people and in people who works for long duration.
Knowledge and Attitude of Nepalese Dental Interns towards Adhesives for Removal Dentures
Authors: Shrestha B , Parajuli PK , Basnet B B , Adhikari G. , Pun DB , Rokaya D , Bhandari A 
Published: February 2020

Background: Denture adhesives play an important role in the retention of removal dentures. This research aimed to study the knowledge and attitude (K&A) of Nepalese dental interns in various Universities/ dental colleges towards adhesives for removal denture (ARDs).
Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted among the dental interns of various colleges in Nepal. Pearson’s Chi-square test was carried out to compare the various variables among the Universities/ dental colleges. Rating scale was used for testing the K&A towards denture adhesives.
Results: It was found that 86.5% of the dental interns had adequate K&A on ARDs, 87.8% responded that ARD is beneficial for dentures and 95.5% agreed that dentists should regularly inform regarding ARDs to all denture patients.
Conclusion: Most of the Nepalese dental interns of various Universities/ dental colleges possessed acceptable K&A on ARDs.
A Clinical Study of Optic Disc Edema in a Tertiary Eye Center of Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Anil , Sharma Ananda Kumar , Sitaula Sanjeeta 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the etiology and clinical presentation of cases with optic disc edema presenting to a tertiary eye center of Nepal.
Background: The etiology of optic disc edema ranges from relatively benign to potentially sight and life threatening conditions. Till date very few studies have been done on disc edema in Nepal.
Method: The authors conducted a prospective, descriptive study at B.P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies (BPKLCOS), Nepal. All cases with disc edema presenting to the out patient department (OPD) from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015 were included in the study.
Results: Total 112 patients were included in the study, out of which diagnosis could be established in 99. The mean age of the patients was 32.54 ± 13.97 years with the majority being female. The most common cause of disc edema was idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) (37.5%,). Majority of the patients complained of isolated diminution of vision (38.4%). Among the eyes affected, 78.3% had best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 6/6-6/18, 36.6% had color vision defect and 31.4% had reduced contrast sensitivity. The most common visual field defect was isolated enlarged blind spot (39.7 %).
Conclusion: IIH followed by optic neuritis (ON) are the most common causes of disc edema. Conditions with disc edema mainly affect the age group 21-40 years with females affected 2.5 times more than males. Visual acuity, color vision and contrast sensitivity are deranged in majority of cases of ON and normal in majority of cases of IIH.
Surgical and visual outcomes of posterior dislocated lens fragments after cataract surgery during 5-years at a tertiary eye hospital of North India
Authors: Paul Lagan , Agarwal Manisha , Singh Shalini , Mayor Rahul , Gupta Chanda , Gujral Gaganjeet Singh 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To determine the surgical and visual outcomes of posteriorly dislocated lens fragments in the vitreous cavity in patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Methods: A total of 149 eyes of 149 patients from 2013 to 2018 were included in the study. The primary cataract surgery was performed either at the base hospital and its peripheral centres or referred from elsewhere. Pars plana vasectomy and nucleus removal was performed along with implantation of intraocular lens, wherever possible. Success was defined as best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥ 6/12 at 3 months follow up. Poor visual outcome was defined as per WHO guidelines as BCVA ≤ 3/60.
Results: Posterior capsular rupture and dislocation into vitreous cavity most frequently occurred during phaco-fragmentation in cases of phacoemulsification and during nucleus delivery in cases of small incision cataract surgery. Early vitrectomy was performed within 3 days in 36.2% of cases and within 14 days in 63.8% of cases. Successful visual outcome was achieved in 85.2% of patients at 3 months follow up after vitrectomy. Iatrogenic retinal break occurred in five patients during vitrectomyand five patients had retinal detachment. Poor visual outcome was observed in 12eyes, out of which glaucomatous optic neuropathy seen in 5 cases, cystoid or diabeticmacular edema in 4 cases and age related macular degeneration in 3 cases.
Conclusion: Posterior dislocation of lens can be successfully managed in majority of cases with vitreoretinal surgical intervention. The timing of vitrectomy whether performed early or late did not affect the visual outcome. The most important predictorof final visual acuity after PPV for retained lens fragments is a less complicated clinical course without any associated complications such as retinal detachment, cystoidmacula edema and glaucoma. Expertise of the primary cataract surgeon could not be assessed in this study, though surgeon grade with more experience is an important factor in the assessment of complications during the cataract surgery.
Collaborative Governance dalam Pembangunan Sektor Pertanian di Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Iyoega Rofi' Ramadhona , Trilestari Endang Wirjatmi , Kirana Cintantya Andhita Dara 
Published: February 2020

The agricultural sector is important in national economic development, especially as a provider of employment and as the main source of income for rural communities. Development in the agricultural sector requires the support of all stakeholders, the government's limited role in accommodating the needs in this sector then gave birth to a concept of a collaboration called Collaborative Governance. This research was conducted in Bandung Regency, aimed at finding out the implementation of Collaborative Governance, knowing the reach of farmers to the market, knowing the marketing media used and the problems faced by farmers in accessing the market. Data in this study were collected through interviews, then analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed the role of Â local government was very dominant and vice versa universities contributed very minimally. The reach of farmers to the market is still very low, only a small proportion of farmers have marketed their products outside the region. In marketing their agricultural products, farmers have started to utilize online media. The government is expected to assist farmers in opening market access through the use of marketing technology or by bringing farmers together with investors.
ANALISA PENGARUH CITRA MEREK, KUALITAS PRODUK DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Studi Kasus Pasta Gigi Pepsodent Di Wilayah Jakarta Timur)
Authors: Warasto Hestu Nugroho 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAKDalam penelitian ini menggunakan variabel independen citra merek (x1), kualitas produk (x2) dan promosi (x3). Metode analisis yang digunakan analisa regresi linier berganda. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 60 responden yang diambil secara random dari konsumen pepsodent yang melakukan keputusan pembelian. Data yang diperoleh merupakan data primer yang merupakan hasil dari jawaban responden atas kuesioner yang disebarkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh secara simultan pada variabel citra merek, kualitas produk dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan variabel citra merek, kualitas produk dan promosi berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap keputusan pembelian. Pada uji determinasi terdapat pengaruh sebesar 78% dari variabel independen (citra merek, kualitas produk dan promosi) terhadap variabel dependen (keputusan pembelian). Sedangkan, sebanyak 22% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain dan tidak termasuk kedalam analisis regresi ini.Kata kunci: citra merek, kualitas produk, promosi, keputusan pembelian.
الاقتصاد الاردني وسبل النهوض به
Authors: كاظم عقيل مكي 
Published: February 2020

عند إطلالتنا على هذا البلد العربي لابد من التقصي ولو بعجاله عن اقتصاده وهو الاهم باعتبار ان الاقتصاد هو شريان الحياة لأي أمة فلا غنى ولا تهاون في نفس الوقت عن هذا الجانب المهم الذي يرتبط مدى تطوره بتطور البلد وهذا الاخير مرتبط بما متوفر لديه من موارد بشريه ومادية وان تفاوتت النسبة بينها فلا ضير في ذلك فالاهم هو وجود الموجه والمخطط بالاتجاه الصحيح نحو الاستغلال الامثل لهذه الموارد (وان قلّتْ) وبالتالي الافادة منها بما يعود بالفائدة على الاقتصاد الوطني الاردني ..
ففي جانب الموارد الطبيعية امتلكت الاردن الثروات الطبيعية كالفوسفات بالدرجة الاولى والبوتاس والاملاح والغاز الطبيعي والحجر الكلسي والصخر الزيتي ولا ننسى قطاع السياحة والخدمات واتفاقيات التجارة وبعض الصناعات الاستخراجية جنوب المملكة ..
Importância dos Agonistas Dopaminérgicos nas Fases Inicial e Avançada da Doença de Parkinson
Authors: Cardoso Francisco , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Camargos Sarah , Maia Débora Palma 
Published: February 2020

O problema bioquímico fundamental da doença de Parkinson (DP) é a deficiência de dopamina, consequência da morte de neurônios da parte compacta da substância negra. Tratamento com levo-dopa é muito eficaz em virtude de sua conversão a dopamina. No entanto, exposição prolongada a esta substância associa-se com o desenvolvimento de flutuações e discinesias em expressivo contigente de pacientes. Evidências atuais indicam
que estas complicações resultam da meia-vida curta da levo-dopa, gerando estimulação pulsátil dos receptores dopaminérgicos. Na fase inicial da DP, monoterapia com agonistas dopaminérgicos que têm meia-vida mais longa reduz pela metade o desenvolvimento de flutuações e virtualmente elimina o aparecimento de discinesias. Quando estas complicações surgem em pacientes já expostos a levo-dopa, o acréscimo de agonistas dopaminérgicos diminui em 30% o número de horas do período off.
Funcionalidade de crianças com e sem Síndrome de Down
Authors: Ferreira Denise Maciel , Salles Bruna Figueiredo , Marques Deborah Vieira Miranda , Furieri Mayne , Bonomo Lívia Maria Marques , Salles Fagner Luiz Pacheco , De Andrade Mônica 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo. Comparar a funcionalidade de crianças com Síndrome de Down (SD) e crianças com desenvolvimento típico (DT). Método. Foram avaliadas 68 crianças com SD e 68 com DT (n=136), divididas em 3 subgrupos etários: 6 meses a 23 meses, 24 meses a 59 meses e de 60 meses a 90 meses. Para avaliação, utilizou-se o teste funcional PEDI (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory). O teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e a correlação de Spearman foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados. As crianças SD apresentam escores inferiores às crianças DT nas funções de autocuidado, de mobilidade e de função social em todas as faixas etárias (p <0,05). Os subgrupos de 60 meses a 90meses não apresentaram diferença quanto à função de mobilidade (p=0,081). A renda per capita e escolaridade materna impactaram a funcionalidade do grupo DT na função social (r=0,635) e de autocuidado (r=0,581), mas não impactaram a funcionalidade grupo SD. Conclusão: A função social e de autocuidado na SD diferem do desenvolvimento típico e as funções de mobilidade são compatíveis com o DT por volta do quinto ano de vida. As condições socioeconômicas não impactam a funcionalidade das crianças com SD.>
A reabilitação funcional do membro superior de pacientes espásticos, pós Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC)
Authors: Thame Adriana Cristina Franco , Pinho Priscila Alves , Reys Bruneta , Rodrigues Adriano Conrado 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo. Essa pesquisa procura estabelecer parâmetros para a elaboração de um protocolo de abordagem a pacientes espásticos pós Acidente Vascular Cerebral, para a reabilitação funcional do membro superior. Método. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, exploratória e descritiva, a partir de uma revisão de literatura e o acompanhamento de um caso clínico, em um recorte de tempo de seis meses. Resultados. Como resultados, observamos a melhor percepção do membro superior acometido, bem como o uso desse membro em atividades bi manuais, o que refletiu diretamente em ganho de independência e maior autonomia nas Atividades da Vida Diária, aferido pela ANOVA (Análise de Variância para Medidas Repetidas) da Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) nas três etapas de avaliação, onde p= 0,01 (p <0,05). Conclusão. Nesta pesquisa, o protocolo elaborado para estímulo do comportamento motor do membro superior da paciente, associado ao uso de Toxina Botulínica, mostrou-se eficiente, promovendo o ganho de mobilidade ativa e seletiva, além da melhora no uso funcional do membro superior.>
Las Nuevas Tecnologías en el aprendizaje constructivo
Authors: Herrera Batista Miguel Ángel 
Published: February 2020

El uso de ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje abre nuevas perspectivas educativas. Sin embargo, en muchas ocasiones carecen de una propuesta didáctica que propicie adecuadamente el aprendizaje constructivo. En este trabajo se analiza el papel de las NT en los procesos de aprendizaje con la intención de orientar el diseño de ambientes virtuales educativos. Las ideas centrales son:

El papel que juegan las NT en el aprendizaje se deriva de dos funciones básicas en el aprendizaje: la mediación cognitiva y la provisión de estímulos sensoriales.
A partir de dichas funciones básicas de las NT, se proponen cinco estrategias didácticas.

Con base en estas estrategias se desarrolló un modelo instruccional, puesto a prueba en una muestra aleatoria de estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron que el uso de las estrategias mejoró significativamente las puntuaciones obtenidas por los estudiantes en un pos-test.