bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventricular scar channel entrances identified by new wideband cardiac magnetic resonance sequence to guide ventricular tachycardia ablation in patients with cardiac defibrillators
Authors: Roca-Luque Ivo , Van Breukelen Ana , Alarcon Francisco , Garre Paz , Tolosana Jose M , Borras Roger , Sanchez Paula , Zaraket Fatima , Doltra Adelina , Ortiz-Perez Jose T , Prat-Gonzalez Susanna , Perea Rosario J , Guasch Eduard , Arbelo Elena , Berruezo Antonio , Sitges Marta , Brugada Josep , Mont Lluis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate-based ablation has become a standard procedure. Electroanatomical mapping (EAM) detects scar tissue heterogeneity and define conduction channels (CCs) that are the ablation target. Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) is able to depict CCs and increase ablation success. Most patients undergoing VT ablation have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) that can cause image artefacts in LGE-CMR. Recently wideband (WB) LGE-CMR sequence has demonstrated to decrease these artefacts. The aim of this study is to analyse accuracy of WB-LGE-CMR in identifying the CC entrances.

Methods and results
Thirteen consecutive ICD-patients who underwent VT ablation after WB-LGE-CMR were included. Number and location of CC entrances in three-dimensional EAM and in WB-LGE-CMR reconstruction were compared. Concordance was compared with a historical cohort matched by cardiomyopathy, scar location, and age (26 patients) with LGE-CMR prior to ICD and VT ablation. In WB-CMR group, 101 and 93 CC entrances were identified in EAM and WB-LGE-CMR, respectively. In historical cohort, 179 CC entrances were identified in both EAM and LGE-CMR. The EAM/CMR concordance was 85.1% and 92.2% in the WB and historical group, respectively (P = 0.66). There were no differences in false-positive rate (CC entrances detected in CMR and absent in EAM: 7.5% vs 7.8% in WB vs. conventional CMR, P = 0.92) nor in false-negative rate (CC entrances present in EAM not detected in CMR: 14.9% vs.7.8% in WB vs. conventional CMR, P = 0.23). Epicardial CCs was predictor of poor CMR/EAM concordance (OR 2.15, P = 0.031).

Conclusion
Use of WB-LGE-CMR sequence in ICD-patients allows adequate VT substrate characterization to guide VT ablation with similar accuracy than conventional LGE-CMR in patients without an ICD.
Opposing effects of bacterial endophytes on biomass allocation of a wild donor and agricultural recipient
Authors: Rubin Rachel L , Jones Ashley N , Hayer Michaela , Shuman-Goodier Molly E , Andrews Lela V , Hungate Bruce A 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTRoot endophytes are a promising tool for increasing plant growth, but it is unclear whether they perform consistently across plant hosts. We characterized the blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) root microbiome using two sequencing methods, quantified the effects of root endophytes in the original host (blue grama) and an agricultural recipient, corn (Zea mays), under drought and well-watered conditions and examined in vitro mechanisms for plant growth promotion. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that the blue grama root microbiome was similar across an elevation gradient, with the exception of four genera. Culturing and Sanger sequencing revealed eight unique endophytes belonging to the genera Bacillus, Lysinibacillus and Pseudomonas. All eight endophytes colonized corn roots, but had opposing effects on aboveground and belowground biomass in each plant species: they increased blue grama shoot mass by 45% (19) (mean +/− SE) while decreasing corn shoot mass by 10% (19), and increased corn root:shoot by 44% (7), while decreasing blue grama root:shoot by 17% (7). Furthermore, contrary to our expectations, endophytes had stronger effects on plant growth under well-watered conditions rather than drought conditions. Collectively, these results suggest that ecological features, including host identity, bacterial traits, climate conditions and morphological outcomes, should be carefully considered in the design and implementation of agricultural inocula.
Between innovation and precaution: how did offspring safety considerations play a role in strategies of introducing new reproductive techniques?
Authors: Jans Verna , Dondorp Wybo , Mastenbroek Sebastiaan , Mertes Heidi , Pennings Guido , Smeets Hubert , de Wert Guido 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe field of reproductive medicine has been criticized for introducing ARTs without systematic research on possible safety risks and for failing to meet the standards of evidence-based innovation held elsewhere in medicine. In this paper, firstly, we ask whether ‘responsible innovation’ has been a concern for the field, and if so, how it has understood the practical implications of this idea for the development and introduction of potentially risky new ARTs. Secondly, we consider whether the field has indeed fallen short of its responsibilities in this respect, and if so, how things can be improved. To answer these questions, we present three case studies involving the introduction of a new reproductive technology: ICSI, preimplantation genetic testing and mitochondrial replacement therapy. As a framework for analyzing these cases, we used Per Sandin’s account of the four dimensions of dealing with risks (threat, uncertainty, action, command) that are central to debates about the possible role of the so-called precautionary principle. We conclude that, although offspring safety concerns have been on the agenda of the debate about bringing the relevant technologies to the clinic, systematic safety and effectiveness studies were not always conducted. As professionals in assisted reproduction have a responsibility to take account of the welfare of the children they are creating, we suggest a policy of proceeding with systematic caution. Legal measures may be needed to ensure that professional guidance is followed in practice. Finally, an open question concerns the threshold for acceptable risk in the context of introducing new ARTs. Multiple stakeholders, including professional societies and patient organizations, should have a role in the urgent debate about this.
Cathelicidin Mediates a Protective Role of Vitamin D in Ulcerative Colitis and Human Colonic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Gubatan John , Mehigan Gillian A , Villegas Fernando , Mitsuhashi Shuji , Longhi Maria Serena , Malvar Grace , Csizmadia Eva , Robson Simon , Moss Alan C 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D plays a protective role in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients through unclear mechanisms. Cathelicidin is an antimicrobial peptide induced by 1,25(OH)D2. Our goal was to evaluate the link between cathelicidin and vitamin D–associated clinical outcomes in UC patients, explore vitamin D induction of cathelicidin in human colon cells, and evaluate the effects of intrarectal human cathelicidin on a murine model of colitis.MethodsSerum and colonic cathelicidin levels were measured in UC patients and correlated with clinical and histologic outcomes. Human colon cells were treated with 1,25(OH)2D and production of cathelicidin and cytokines were quantified. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli from cell culture supernatants was measured. Mice were treated with intrarectal cathelicidin, and its effects on DSS colitis and intestinal microbiota were evaluated.ResultsIn UC patients, serum 25(OH)D positively correlated with serum and colonic cathelicidin. Higher serum cathelicidin is associated with decreased risk of histologic inflammation and clinical relapse but not independent of 25(OH)D or baseline inflammation. The 1,25(OH)2D treatment of colon cells induced cathelicidin and IL-10, repressed TNF-α, and suppressed Escherichia coli growth. This antimicrobial effect was attenuated with siRNA-cathelicidin transfection. Intrarectal cathelicidin reduced the severity of DSS colitis but did not mitigate the impact of colitis on microbial composition.ConclusionsCathelicidin plays a protective role in 25(OH)D-associated UC histologic outcomes and murine colitis. Cathelicidin is induced by vitamin D in human colonic epithelial cells and promotes antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Our study provides insights into the vitamin D–cathelicidin pathway as a potential therapeutic target.
Solar gain mitigation in ventilated tiled roofs by using phase change materials
Authors: Bottarelli Michele , Gallero Francisco Javier González , Maestre Ismael Rodríguez , Pei Gang , Su Yuehong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Several passive cooling design techniques are known for reducing solar heat gain through building envelope in summer season. These include the use of phase change materials (PCM), which has received an increased attention over the last years, and the strategy of increasing the above-sheathing ventilation (ASV) in ventilated roofs. However, few studies combine both technologies to maximise the building resilience in hot season. The effect of including a PCM layer into a ventilated roof is numerically analysed here in two different configurations: firstly, laid on the roof deck (PCM1 case) and, secondly, suspended in the middle of the ASV channel (PCM2 case). A computational fluid dynamics model was implemented to simulate airflow and heat transfer around and through the building envelope, under 3 days of extreme hot conditions in summer with high temperatures and low wind speed. Results showed slight differences in terms of mean temperatures at the different roof layers, although temperature fluctuations at deck in the PCM1 case were smaller than half of those estimated for the benchmark case. However, PCM2 configuration achieved a daily reduction of about 10 Wh/m2 (18%) in building energy load with respect to the benchmark case, whilst PCM1 got only 4% due to the lower ventilation at night time. Therefore, a suspended PCM layer in the ASV channel would be a better measure in terms of energy performance than laid on the deck surface, although this last option significantly decreases thermal stress of the insulation layer.
Expanded Spectrum of Antiretroviral-Selected Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2
Authors: Tzou Philip L , Descamps Diane , Rhee Soo-Yon , Raugi Dana N , Charpentier Charlotte , Taveira Nuno , Smith Robert A , Soriano Vicente , de Mendoza Carmen , Holmes Susan P , Gottlieb Geoffrey S , Shafer Robert W 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHIV-1 and HIV-2 differ in their antiretroviral (ARV) susceptibilities and drug resistance mutations (DRMs).MethodsWe analyzed published HIV-2 pol sequences to identify HIV-2 treatment-selected mutations (TSMs). Mutation prevalences were determined by HIV-2 group and ARV status. Nonpolymorphic mutations were those in &lt;1% of ARV-naive persons. TSMs were those associated with ARV therapy after multiple comparisons adjustment.ResultsWe analyzed protease (PR) sequences from 483 PR inhibitor (PI)-naive and 232 PI-treated persons; RT sequences from 333 nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI)-naive and 252 NRTI-treated persons; and integrase (IN) sequences from 236 IN inhibitor (INSTI)-naive and 60 INSTI-treated persons. In PR, 12 nonpolymorphic TSMs occurred in ≥11 persons: V33I, K45R, V47A, I50V, I54M, T56V, V62A, A73G, I82F, I84V, F85L, L90M. In RT, 9 nonpolymorphic TSMs occurred in ≥10 persons: K40R, A62V, K70R, Y115F, Q151M, M184VI, S215Y. In IN, 11 nonpolymorphic TSMs occurred in ≥4 persons: Q91R, E92AQ, T97A, G140S, Y143G, Q148R, A153G, N155H, H156R, R231 5-amino acid insertions. Nine of 32 nonpolymorphic TSMs were previously unreported.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis confirmed the ARV association of previously reported HIV-2 DRMs and identified novel TSMs. Genotypic and phenotypic studies of HIV-2 TSMs will improve approaches to predicting HIV-2 ARV susceptibility and treating HIV-2–infected persons.
Feminist Commodity Activism: The New Political Economy of Feminist Protest
Authors: Repo Jemima 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article theorizes the commodification of the recent resurgence of feminist activism through the concept of “feminist commodity activism.” The focus is on the mass popularization of feminist-themed commodities, with T-shirts as a particular focus. First, I discuss how the mass marketing of feminist goods ties in with: (a) commodity feminism, by refetishizing commodities and consumption as empowering for women; (b) neoliberal feminism, through the construction of the feminist as an economic and choice-making subject; and (c) commodity activism, by entangling feminism with the discourses and practices of ethical consumption. Building on these concepts, I propose “feminist commodity activism” as a way to capture and further analyze the current commodification of feminism activism occurring at their intersection. I argue that feminist commodity activism instigates three further shifts: the commodification of the aesthetic experience of feminist street protest; the transfer of feminist activist agency to companies, charities, and entrepreneurs; and the branding of the feminist as a subject of value. Finally, the article considers the challenges that these shifts pose for feminist critique and politics.
Scattered and Unsystematic: The Taught Discipline in the Intellectual Life of International Relations
Authors: Ettinger Aaron 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrompted by Hagmann and Biersteker's (2014) call for a critical pedagogy of international relations, this article addresses the “taught discipline” of international relations arguing that the field needs a sustained and systematic debate on the role of IR pedagogy. In typical disciplinary stocktaking, scholars focus primarily on the “published discipline” and the “practiced discipline,” leaving a gap in our understanding of a major component of academic international relations—teaching. This article maps the discipline's intellectual system of influence and exchange to demonstrate the attenuated influence of the taught discipline. Then it presents critical questions to initiate a robust debate on the place, purpose, and scope of IR pedagogy. The purpose here is to improve the quality and thoughtfulness of classroom teaching, and to explore the underappreciated potential of the taught discipline as a site of rejuvenation in the intellectual life of international relations.
Population pharmacokinetics and dosing considerations of daptomycin in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Xie Feifan , Li Sanwang , Cheng Zeneng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The dosing regimen of daptomycin for critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) remains controversial. The goal of this study was to provide guidance for optimal daptomycin therapy in CRRT patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Methods
Individual concentration data of 32 CRRT subjects pooled from previously published studies were used to construct the population pharmacokinetic model for daptomycin. Model-based simulations were performed to evaluate the efficacy and risk of toxicity for daptomycin doses of 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg, q24h or q48h, under CRRT doses of 25, 30 and 35 mL/h/kg. Efficacy was assessed by the bacteriostatic and bactericidal AUC/MIC targets and drug exposure-based efficacy references. Toxicity was estimated by safety exposure references and the trough concentration threshold.

Results
A two-compartment model adequately described the pharmacokinetics of daptomycin. Efficacy analysis demonstrated that q48h dosing is associated with an extremely low probability of bactericidal target attainment on every second day after dosing and q24h dosing is preferred for a high probability of bactericidal target attainment. Toxicity evaluation showed that 8 mg/kg q24h has a high probability for reaching the toxicity-related concentration threshold, while 6 mg/kg q24h gives a satisfactory risk–benefit balance. The studied CRRT doses had a limited impact on efficacy and a CRRT dose of 30–35 mL/h/kg may lower the risk of toxicity.

Conclusions
The model predicted that the combination of 6 mg/kg q24h daptomycin dose and CRRT dose of 30–35 mL/h/kg would achieve the best balance of efficacy and safety.
A customizable deep learning model for nosocomial risk prediction from critical care notes with indirect supervision
Authors: Goodwin Travis R , Demner-Fushman Dina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveReliable longitudinal risk prediction for hospitalized patients is needed to provide quality care. Our goal is to develop a generalizable model capable of leveraging clinical notes to predict healthcare-associated diseases 24–96 hours in advance.MethodsWe developed a reCurrent Additive Network for Temporal RIsk Prediction (CANTRIP) to predict the risk of hospital acquired (occurring ≥ 48 hours after admission) acute kidney injury, pressure injury, or anemia ≥ 24 hours before it is implicated by the patient’s chart, labs, or notes. We rely on the MIMIC III critical care database and extract distinct positive and negative cohorts for each disease. We retrospectively determine the date-of-event using structured and unstructured criteria and use it as a form of indirect supervision to train and evaluate CANTRIP to predict disease risk using clinical notes.ResultsOur experiments indicate that CANTRIP, operating on text alone, obtains 74%–87% area under the curve and 77%–85% Specificity. Baseline shallow models showed lower performance on all metrics, while bidirectional long short-term memory obtained the highest Sensitivity at the cost of significantly lower Specificity and Precision.DiscussionProper model architecture allows clinical text to be successfully harnessed to predict nosocomial disease, outperforming shallow models and obtaining similar performance to disease-specific models reported in the literature.ConclusionClinical text on its own can provide a competitive alternative to traditional structured features (eg, lab values, vital signs). CANTRIP is able to generalize across nosocomial diseases without disease-specific feature extraction and is available at https://github.com/h4ste/cantrip.
MicroRNA-1271-5p inhibits cell proliferation and enhances radiosensitivity by targeting CDK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Hong-Mei , Tan Hua-Yan , Lin Yue , Xu Bei-Ning , Zhao Wen-Hua , Xie Yu-An 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine whether miR-1271-5p inhibits cell proliferation and enhances the radiosensitivity by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its expression levels in the HCC cell lines were significantly lower than those in normal human liver cell line. Bioinformatics analysis indicated CDK1 was a potential target of miR-1271-5p. Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay confirmed that CDK1 is a direct target gene of miR-1271-5p. With overexpression of miR-1271-5p in SMMC-7721 and HuH-7 cells, cell proliferation was decreased, radiosensitivity was enhanced, cell cycle distribution was altered and the growth of transplanted tumours in nude mice was significantly reduced. miR-1271-5p overexpression enhanced radiosensitivity, which could be reduced by CDK1 overexpression. Overall, our findings suggested that miR-1271-5p inhibits cell proliferation and enhances the radiosensitivity of HCC cell lines by targeting CDK1.
Reproductive biology of the land crab Epigrapsus politus Heller, 1862 (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) on Iriomote-jima, Japan
Authors: Doi Wataru , Itoh Daiki , Kato Shunsuke , Mizutani Akira , Kohno Hiroyoshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The breeding cycle of the land crab Epigrapsus politusHeller, 1862 (Gecarcinidae) was studied through a mark-recapture experiment on subtropical Iriomote-jima, Japan between September and November 2017. The abundance of E. politus at the cobble shore increased during the breeding season, and then decreased. Crab density was estimated to be 423.5 over 20 m2. The population showed a bimodal and a monomodal body-length frequency for males and females, respectively. Lifespan was estimated to be between one and two or three years. Ovigerous (egg bearing) females were detected from early September to late November, with the highest abundance occurring between late September and early November. The proportion of embryonic development (non-eyed and eyed eggs) of ovigerous females and the presence or absence of embryos and embryonic development of recaptured females showed that larvae were released on the days after the full moon. In comparison, egg extrusion occurred during the period of the previous full moon, i.e., eggs were incubated for four weeks. Females produced one brood within a single breeding season. The breeding ecology of E. politus was characterized as being short and occurring in a cooler season than that of other gecarcinids inhabiting the subtropical islands of the northwest Pacific.
A note on the system GRW with the intensional contraction rule
Authors: Ilić Mirjana , Boričić Branislav 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In Ilić and Boričić (2014, Log. J. IGPL, 22, 673–695), the right-handed cut-free sequent calculus $GRW$ for the contraction-less relevant logic $RW$ is defined. In this paper, we show that the enlargement of the system $GRW$ with the structural rule of intensional contraction (WI) presents the sequent system for the principal relevant logic $R$ but the rule of cut cannot be eliminated in $GRW+$(WI).
Sand Fly Colony Crash Tentatively Attributed to Nematode Infestation
Authors: Temeyer Kevin B , Schlechte Kristie G , Dandeneau Laryssa B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Maintenance of laboratory colonies of insects and other arthropod pests offers significant research advantages. The availability, age, sex, housing conditions, nutrition, and relative uniformity over time of biological material for research facilitate comparison of results between experiments that would otherwise be difficult or impossible. A laboratory research colony of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli), old world sand flies, was maintained with high-colony productivity for a number of years, but within a relatively short (4–6 mo) time period, colony productivity declined from over 10,000 flies per week to less than 100 per week. Mites and nematodes were both visible in the larval medium; however, the mites had been present throughout high productivity periods; therefore, it seemed reasonable to investigate the nematodes. PCR amplification of 18S rRNA yielded a clean cDNA sequence identified by BLAST search as Procephalobus sp. 1 WB-2008 (Rhabditida: Panagrolaimidae) small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, GenBank EU543179.1, with 475/477 nucleotide identities. Nematode samples were collected and identified as Tricephalobus steineri, (Andrássy, 1952) Rühm, 1956 (Rhabditida: Panagrolaimidae) based on morphological characteristics of the esophagus and the male copulatory apparatus. Mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae [Acariformes: Acaridae]) may have played an additional predatory role in the loss of sand fly colony productivity. We hypothesized that the origin of the nematode infestation was rabbit dung from a local rabbitry used in preparation of the larval medium. Colony productivity was fully restored within 3 mo (two sand fly generational periods) by replacement of the rabbit dung from a clean source for use to prepare sand fly larval medium.