bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichloroethylene degradation performance in aqueous solution by Fe(II) activated sodium percarbonate in the presence of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate
Authors: Huang Jingyao , Danish Muhammad , Jiang Xihao , Tang Ping , Sui Qian , Qiu Zhaofu , Lyu Shuguang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe performance of trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation by sodium percarbonate (SPC) activated with Fe(II) in the presence of 3.0 g/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as well as the role of SDS in the SPC/Fe(II) system was investigated since SDS is a common surfactant used in groundwater remediation for improving TCE dissolution to the aqueous phase. The results showed that though the introduction of SDS could inhibit the TCE degradation, the inhibiting effect was less with the increasing SDS dose. In the presence of SDS, TCE could be completely removed with the SPC/Fe(II)/TCE molar ratio of 40/80/1. Experiments with free radical probe compounds and radical scavengers elucidated that TCE was mainly oxidized by both HO· and

. A weakly acidic environment was more favorable to TCE degradation. Nevertheless,

at a high concentration had a strongly inhibitive effect on the TCE degradation but the influence of Cl− was negligible. Finally, the excellent TCE degradation achieved in actual groundwater demonstrated that Fe(II) activated SPC technique was applicable in the remediation of TCE contaminated groundwater in the presence of SDS.Practitioner points

The effects of SDS were evaluated

SPC/Fe(II)/SDS system applied to remediate TCE

The mechanism of HO· and

generation had been investigated

Cl− and

affected TCE degradation at different levels

The performance of TCE removal in actual groundwater had been studied
On finite-size spiky strings in AdS3 × S3 × T4 with mixed fluxes
Authors: Barik Sorna Prava , Nayak Rashmi R. , Panigrahi Kamal L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We discuss finite-size corrections to the spiky strings in AdS space which is dual to the long 𝒩 = 4 SYM operators of the form Tr($$ {\varDelta}_{+}^{J_1}{\phi}_1{\varDelta}_{+}^{J_2}{\phi}_2\dots {\varDelta}_{+}^{J_n}{\phi}_n $$

Δ
+

J
1

ϕ
1

Δ
+

J
2

ϕ
2

…

Δ
+

J
n

ϕ
n

). We express the finite-size dispersion relation in terms of Lambert W-function. We further establish the finite-size scaling relation between energy and angular momentum of the spiky string in presence of mixed fluxes in terms of W-function. We comment on the solution in pure NS-NS background as well.
Hints of unitarity at large N in the O(N )3 tensor field theory
Authors: Benedetti Dario , Gurau Razvan , Harribey Sabine , Suzuki Kenta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe compute the OPE coefficients of the bosonic tensor model of [1] for three point functions with two fields and a bilinear with zero and non-zero spin. We find that all the OPE coefficients are real in the case of an imaginary tetrahedral coupling constant, while one of them is not real in the case of a real coupling. We also discuss the operator spectrum of the free theory based on the character decomposition of the partition function.
$$ \frac{1}{2} $$ Calabi-Yau 3-folds, Calabi-Yau 3-folds as double covers, and F-theory with U(1)s
Authors: Kimura Yusuke 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, we introduce a new class of rational elliptic 3-folds, which we refer to as “1/2 Calabi-Yau 3-folds”. We construct elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau 3-folds by utilizing these rational elliptic 3-folds. The construction yields a novel approach to build elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau 3-folds of various Mordell-Weil ranks. Our construction of Calabi-Yau 3-folds can be considered as a three-dimensional generalization of the operation of gluing pairs of 1/2 K3 surfaces to yield elliptic K3 surfaces. From one to seven U(1)s form in six-dimensional N = 1 F-theory on the constructed Calabi-Yau 3-folds. Seven tensor multiplets arise in these models.
On Mathieu moonshine and Gromov-Witten invariants
Authors: Banlaki Andreas , Chowdhury Abhishek , Kidambi Abhiram , Schimpf Maria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We provide further evidence that CY3 manifolds are involved in an intricate way in Mathieu moonshine, i.e., their Gromov-Witten invariants are related to the expansion coefficients of the twined/twisted-twined elliptic genera of K3. We use the string duality between CHL orbifolds of heterotic string theory on K3 × T2 and type IIA string theory on CY3 manifolds to explicitly show this connection. We then work out two concrete examples where we exactly match the expansion coefficients on both sides of the duality.
An inverse mass expansion for the mutual information in free scalar QFT at finite temperature
Authors: Katsinis Dimitrios , Pastras Georgios 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study the entanglement entropy and the mutual information in coupled harmonic systems at finite temperature. Interestingly, we find that the mutual information does not vanish at infinite temperature, but it rather reaches a specific finite value, which can be attributed to classical correlations solely. We further obtain high and low temperature expansions for both quantities. Then, we extend the analysis performed in the seminal paper by Srednicki [1] for free real scalar field theories in Minkowski space-time in 3 + 1 dimensions at a thermal state. We find that the mutual information obeys an area law, similar to that obeyed by the entanglement entropy at vanishing temperature. The coefficient of this area law does not vanish at infinite temperature. Then, we calculate this coefficient perturbatively in a 1/μ expansion, where μ is the mass of the scalar field. Finally, we study the high and low temperature behaviour of the area law term.
Strings, extended objects, and the classical double copy
Authors: Goldberger Walter D. , Li Jingping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We extend Shen’s recent formulation (arXiv:1806.07388) of the classical double copy, based on explicit color-kinematic duality, to the case of finite-size sources with non-zero spin. For the case of spinning Yang-Mills sources, the most general consistent double copy consists of gravitating objects which carry pairs of spin degrees of freedom. We find that the couplings of such objects to background fields match those of a classical (i.e. heavy) closed bosonic string, suggesting a string theory interpretation of sources related by color-kinematics duality. As a special case, we identify a limit, corresponding to unoriented strings, in which the 2-form Kalb-Ramond axion field decouples from the gravitational side of the double copy. Finally, we apply the classical double copy to extended objects, described by the addition of finite-size operators to the worldline effective theory. We find that consistency of the color-to-kinematics map requires that the Wilson coefficients of tidal operators obey certain relations, indicating that the extended gravitating objects generated by the double copy of Yang-Mills are not completely generic.
Smoothing and predicting celestial pole offsets using a Kalman filter and smoother
Authors: Nastula Jolanta , Chin T. Mike , Gross Richard , Śliwińska Justyna , Wińska Małgorzata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt has been recognized since the early days of interplanetary spaceflight that accurate navigation requires taking into account changes in the Earth’s rotation. In the 1960s, tracking anomalies during the Ranger VII and VIII lunar missions were traced to errors in the Earth orientation parameters. As a result, Earth orientation calibration methods were improved to support the Mariner IV and V planetary missions. Today, accurate Earth orientation parameters are used to track and navigate every interplanetary spaceflight mission. The approach taken at JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) to provide the interplanetary spacecraft tracking and navigation teams with the UT1 and polar motion parameters that they need is based upon the use of a Kalman filter to combine past measurements of these parameters and predict their future evolution. A model was then used to provide the nutation/precession components of the Earth’s orientation. As a result, variations caused by the free core nutation were not taken into account. But for the highest accuracy, these variations must be considered. So JPL recently developed an approach based upon the use of a Kalman filter and smoother to provide smoothed and predicted celestial pole offsets (CPOs) to the interplanetary spacecraft tracking and navigation teams. The approach used at JPL to do this and an evaluation of the accuracy of the predicted CPOs is given here. For assessing the quality of JPL’s nutation predictions, we compare the time series of dX, dY provided by JPL with the predictions obtained from the IERS Rapid Service/Prediction Centre. Our results confirmed that the approach recently developed by JPL can be used for the successful nutation prediction. In particular, we show that after 90 days of prediction, the estimated errors are 43% lower for dX and 33% lower for dY than in the case of the official IERS products, and an average improvement is 19% and 22% for dX and dY, respectively.
Models of Osteoarthritis: Relevance and New Insights
Authors: Samvelyan Hasmik Jasmine , Hughes David , Stevens Craig , Staines Katherine Ann 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive and disabling musculoskeletal disease affecting millions of people and resulting in major healthcare costs worldwide. It is the most common form of arthritis, characterised by degradation of the articular cartilage, formation of osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, synovial inflammation and ultimate loss of joint function. Understanding the pathogenesis of OA and its multifactorial aetiology will lead to the development of effective treatments, which are currently lacking. Two-dimensional (2D) in vitro tissue models of OA allow affordable, high-throughput analysis and stringent control over specific variables. However, they are linear in fashion and are not representative of physiological conditions. Recent in vitro studies have adopted three-dimensional (3D) tissue models of OA, which retain the advantages of 2D models and are able to mimic physiological conditions, thereby allowing investigation of additional variables including interactions between the cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. Numerous spontaneous and induced animal models are used to reproduce the onset and monitor the progression of OA based on the aetiology under investigation. This therefore allows elucidation of the pathogenesis of OA and will ultimately enable the development of novel and specific therapeutic interventions. This review summarises the current understanding of in vitro and in vivo OA models in the context of disease pathophysiology, classification and relevance, thus providing new insights and directions for OA research.
Counting and sampling gene family evolutionary histories in the duplication-loss and duplication-loss-transfer models
Authors: Chauve Cedric , Ponty Yann , Wallner Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGiven a set of species whose evolution is represented by a species tree, a gene family is a group of genes having evolved from a single ancestral gene. A gene family evolves along the branches of a species tree through various mechanisms, including—but not limited to—speciation ($${\mathbb {S}}$$S), gene duplication ($${\mathbb {D}}$$D), gene loss ($${\mathbb {L}}$$L), and horizontal gene transfer ($${\mathbb {T}}$$T). The reconstruction of a gene tree representing the evolution of a gene family constrained by a species tree is an important problem in phylogenomics. However, unlike in the multispecies coalescent evolutionary model that considers only speciation and incomplete lineage sorting events, very little is known about the search space for gene family histories accounting for gene duplication, gene loss and horizontal gene transfer (the$${\mathbb {D}}{\mathbb {L}}{\mathbb {T}}$$DLT-model). In this work, we introduce the notion of evolutionary histories defined as a binary ordered rooted tree describing the evolution of a gene family, constrained by a species tree in the$${\mathbb {D}}{\mathbb {L}}{\mathbb {T}}$$DLT-model. We provide formal grammars describing the set of all evolutionary histories that are compatible with a given species tree, whether it is ranked or unranked. These grammars allow us, using either analytic combinatorics or dynamic programming, to efficiently compute the number of histories of a given size, and also to generate random histories of a given size under the uniform distribution. We apply these tools to obtain exact asymptotics for the number of gene family histories for two species trees, the rooted caterpillar and complete binary tree, as well as estimates of the range of the exponential growth factor of the number of histories for random species trees of size up to 25. Our results show that including horizontal gene transfers induce a dramatic increase of the number of evolutionary histories. We also show that, within ranked species trees, the number of evolutionary histories in the$${\mathbb {D}}{\mathbb {L}}{\mathbb {T}}$$DLT-model is almost independent of the species tree topology. These results establish firm foundations for the development of ensemble methods for the prediction of reconciliations.
Effects of missing gravity waves on stratospheric dynamics; part 1: climatology
Authors: Eichinger Roland , Garny Hella , Šácha Petr , Danker Jessica , Dietmüller Simone , Oberländer-Hayn Sophie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnergy and momentum deposition from planetary-scale Rossby waves as well as from small-scale gravity waves (GWs) largely control stratospheric dynamics. Interactions between these different wave types, however, complicate the quantification of their individual contribution to the overall dynamical state of the middle atmosphere. In state-of-the-art general circulation models (GCMs), the majority of the GW spectrum cannot be resolved and therefore has to be parameterised. This is commonly implemented in two discrete schemes, one for GWs that originate from flow over orographic obstacles and one for all other kinds of GWs (non-orographic GWs). In this study, we attempt to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions of resolved with parameterised wave driving and of their influence on the stratospheric zonal winds and on the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC). For this, we set up a GCM time slice experiment with two sensitivity simulations: one without orographic GWs and one without non-orographic GWs. Our findings include an acceleration of the polar vortices, which has historically been one of the main reasons for including explicit GW parameterisations in GCMs. Further, we find inter-hemispheric differences in BDC changes when omitting GWs that can be explained by wave compensation and amplification effects. These are partly evoked through local changes in the refractive properties of the atmosphere caused by the omitted GW drag and a thereby increased planetary wave propagation. However, non-local effects on the flow can act to suppress vertical wave fluxes into the stratosphere for a very strong polar vortex. Moreover, we study mean age of stratospheric air to investigate the impact of missing GWs on tracer transport. On the basis of this analysis, we suggest that the larger ratio of planetary waves to GWs leads to enhanced horizontal mixing, which can have a large impact on stratospheric tracer distributions.
Quality of life, cognitive, physical and emotional function at diagnosis predicts head and neck cancer survival: analysis of cases from the Head and Neck 5000 study
Authors: Rogers S. N. , Waylen A. E. , Thomas S. , Penfold C. , Pring M. , Waterboer T. , Pawlita M. , Hurley K. , Ness A. R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to determine whether health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at diagnosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with overall survival following treatment with curative intent after adjusting for other factors.

Methods
Data were collected from 5511 participants of the Head and Neck 5000 study (HN5000). HRQOL was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30. Questionnaire and covariate data were available from 2171 participants diagnosed as follows: oral cavity (655), oropharynx HPV+ (723) and HPV− (277), and larynx (516). On average, participants were followed up 3.2 years (SD 1.2) after diagnosis. Data were adjusted for age, gender, co-morbidity, intended treatment, education level, income from benefits, smoking status and alcohol consumption.

Results
There was a clinically meaningful difference between Global HRQOL scores at diagnosis and survival in an unadjusted and adjusted model: [HR = 0.86, CI 0.82–0.89, p < 0.001 (unadjusted) and HR = 0.90, CI 0.86–0.94, p < 0.001 (adjusted)]. In analyses stratified by tumour site and HPV status, this association was similarly noted before adjustment and persisted after. There were some tumour sub-site variations: improved survival for people with laryngeal cancer reporting higher levels of physical role or social functioning and people with oral cancer reporting higher levels of role or social functioning.

Conclusion
As survival is the main priority for most people diagnosed with cancer, pre-treatment HRQOL is an additional factor to be included in risk stratification and case-mix adjustments. There is merit in incorporating HRQOL into routine clinical care as this is a useful facet in patient-clinician decision making, prognostication and recovery.
Reducing antipsychotic drugs in stable patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Huhn Maximilian , Leucht Claudia , Rothe Philipp , Dold Markus , Heres Stephan , Bornschein Susanne , Schneider-Axmann Thomas , Hasan Alkomiet , Leucht Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs the course of schizophrenic disorders is often chronic, treatment guidelines recommend continuous maintenance treatment to prevent relapses, but antipsychotic drugs can cause many side effects. It, therefore, seems reasonable to try to reduce doses in stable phases of the illness or even try to stop medication. We conducted a 26 weeks, randomized, rater blind, feasibility study to examine individualized antipsychotic dose reduction versus continuous maintenance treatment (Register Number: NCT02307396). We included chronic, adult patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, who were treated with any antipsychotic drug except clozapine, who had not been hospitalized in the last 3 years and who were in symptomatic remission at baseline. The primary outcome was relapse of positive symptoms. Symptom severity, social functioning and side effects were also examined as secondary outcomes. 20 patients were randomized. Relapse rates in the two groups were not significantly different. No patient had to be hospitalized. One patient in the control group dropped out. The mean reduction of antipsychotic dose in the individualized dose-reduction group was 42%, however only one patient discontinued drug completely. There were no significant differences in efficacy or safety outcomes. This randomized trial provides evidence, that reduction of antipsychotic medication in chronic stable schizophrenic patients may be feasible. The results need to be confirmed in a larger trial with a longer follow-up period.
Characterization of neurogenic niches in the telencephalon of juvenile and adult sharks
Authors: Docampo-Seara A. , Pereira-Guldrís S. , Sánchez-Farías N. , Mazan S. , Rodríguez M. A. , Candal Eva 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeurogenesis is a multistep process by which progenitor cells become terminally differentiated neurons. Adult neurogenesis has gathered increasing interest with the aim of developing new cell-based treatments for neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Active sites of adult neurogenesis exist from fish to mammals, although in the adult mammalian brain the number and extension of neurogenic areas is considerably reduced in comparison to non-mammalian vertebrates and they become mostly reduced to the telencephalon. Much of our understanding in this field is based in studies on mammals and zebrafish, a modern bony fish. The use of the cartilaginous fishScyliorhinus canicula(representative of basal gnathostomes) as a model expands the comparative framework to a species that shows highly neurogenic activity in the adult brain. In this work, we studied the proliferation pattern in the telencephalon of juvenile and adult specimens ofS. caniculausing antibodies against the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We have characterized proliferating niches using stem cell markers (Sex determining region Y-box 2), glial markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein, brain lipid binding protein and glutamine synthase), intermediate progenitor cell markers (Dlx2 and Tbr2) and markers for migrating neuroblasts (Doublecortin). Based in the expression pattern of these markers, we demonstrate the existence of different cell subtypes within the PCNA immunoreactive zones including non-glial stem cells, glial progenitors, intermediate progenitor-like cells and migratory neuroblasts, which were widely distributed in the ventricular zone of the pallium, suggesting that the main progenitor types that constitute the neurogenic niche in mammals are already present in cartilaginous fishes.
Validation and real-life demonstration of ETCS hybrid level 3 principles using a formal B model
Authors: Hansen Dominik , Leuschel Michael , Körner Philipp , Krings Sebastian , Naulin Thomas , Nayeri Nader , Schneider David , Skowron Frank 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a concrete realisation of the ETCS hybrid level 3 concept, whose practical viability was evaluated in a field demonstration in 2017. Hybrid level 3 introduces virtual subsections as sub-divisions of classical track sections with trackside train detection. Our approach introduces an add-on for the radio block centre (RBC) of Thales, called virtual block function (VBF), which computes the occupation states of the virtual subsections using the train position reports, train integrity information, and the track occupation states. From the perspective of the RBC, the VBF behaves as an interlocking that transmits all signal aspects for virtual signals introduced for each virtual subsection to the RBC. We report on the development of the VBF, implemented as a formal B model executed at runtime using ProB and successfully used in a field demonstration to control real trains.