bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glutamine depletion in patients with Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Aydin Hüseyin , Engin Aynur , Keleş Sami , Ertemur Zeynep , Hekim Nezih 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCrimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease. There is not enough knowledge about plasma amino acid levels in CCHF. Therefore, we investigated plasma amino acid levels in patients with CCHF and the association between the levels of these amino acids and disease severity. The plasma amino acid levels (including glutamate [Glu], aspartate [Asp], glutamine [Gln], asparagine [Asn] and gamma‐aminobutyric acid [GABA]) in CCHF patients and controls were measured by using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Plasma levels of Gln were lower while Asp, Glu, and GABA levels were higher in patients. In fatal CCHF patients, we found the plasma level of Asn was increased whereas the plasma level of GABA was decreased. This study is the first in the literature to evaluate the plasma Gln, Glu, Asn, Asp, and GABA levels in CCHF patients. We found that the plasma Gln levels were significantly lower in CCHF patients while Asp, Glu, and GABA levels were elevated. Considering that these amino acids are important for immune cells, the plasma amino acid levels of CCHF patients may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of disease and it can be important for supportive treatment of CCHF.
Management of medication‐related osteonecrosis of jaw: Comparison between icariin and teriparatide in a rat model
Authors: Liu Jie , Mattheos Nikos , Deng Chuanxi , Su Cheng , Wang Zekun , Luo Nanyu , Tang Hua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to compare the effects of icariin and teriparatide on the treatment of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) using a rat model.MethodsFifty rats undergoing ovariectomy were randomly assigned to control group (n = 10) and the MRONJ model group (n = 40). Zoledronic acid (0.2 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) were injected into rats in the model group for 8 weeks while saline was applied in control group, then all rats underwent tooth extraction and bone defect. Eight weeks later, rats diagnosed with MRONJ (n = 33) were randomly distributed to icariin (n = 11), teriparatide (n = 11), and the untreated (n = 11) group, and rats received daily 150 mg/kg icariin, 20 µg/kg teriparatide, and no intervention, respectively, for 8 weeks. Then, mandibulars were dissected for later examination.ResultsRats diagnosed with MRONJ (33/40) demonstrated significantly larger area of soft tissue wound and necrotic bone with higher ratio of empty bone lacuna. Area of soft tissue wound and ratio of empty bone lacuna were significantly decreased in the icariin group compared with the untreated group, while teriparatide group revealed significantly higher ratio of receptor activator of NF‐kB ligand (RANKL)‐positive osteocytes, smaller area of necrotic bone and lower ratio of empty lacuna. The two agents were related to higher expression of BMP‐2 in osteocytes but were not statistically significant.ConclusionsIcariin benefits MRONJ in terms of the area of soft tissue wound and ratio of empty lacuna. Teriparatide activates expression of RANKL and reduces the area of bone necrosis and ratio of empty lacuna in a MRONJ lesion. The data suggest possible healing improvement in patients with MRONJ and further studies to prove the efficacy of icariin.
Inhibition of GDF11 could promote bone healing in the tooth extraction socket and facilitate mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation in T2DM pigs
Authors: Wang Shuyan , Wang Lei , Shi Shaojie , Wang Xingxing , He Chunxia , Yuan Lijuan , Ding Feng , Song Yingliang , Zhang Sijia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundGrowth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) might be a key factor responsible for the weakening of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation in tooth extraction sockets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to confirm that inhibition of GDF11 could promote bone healing in tooth extraction sockets and facilitate MSC osteogenic differentiation under T2DM conditions.MethodsThree streptozotocin‐induced T2DM pig models and two control pig models were established. The T2DM pigs were treated with an intrasocket injection of GDF11 inhibitor in the left mandible, whereas the right side was maintained for natural healing. The postextraction socket healing of the T2DM pigs was compared with that of nondiabetic controls. Healing was quantitatively verified by microcomputed tomography, and the GDF11 expression level was detected. MSCs from T2DM pig sockets were cultured and treated with a GDF11 inhibitor. The osteogenic differentiation ability of MSCs was also compared among groups.ResultsThe expression of GDF11 in the tooth extraction sockets from T2DM pigs increased significantly post extraction. Bone healing was promoted by periodic injection of the GDF11 inhibitor into the extraction sockets of T2DM pigs. Furthermore, the osteogenic differentiation ability of T2DM‐MSCs was improved in pigs treated with the GDF11 inhibitor.ConclusionsGDF11 inhibition could promote bone healing in the tooth extraction socket and facilitate MSC osteogenic differentiation under T2DM conditions. GDF11 could be a potential therapeutic target for undesirable alveolar bone healing in T2DM patients.
Separation and purification of hydroxytysol and oleuropein from Olea europaea L. (olive) leaves using macroporous resins and a novel solvent system
Authors: Liu Baoqian , Liu Jianfei , Huang Dongdong , Pei Dong , Di Duolong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe separation and purification of hydroxytysol and oleuropein from Olea europaea L. (olive) using a macroporous resin with a novel solvent system was systematically investigated. Static adsorption experiments with BMKX–4 resin revealed that the experimental data of both hydroxytysol and oleuropein fitted best to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous and exothermic adsorption processes. The novel solvent system, composed of n–hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water in a (v/v/v/v) ratio of 1:9:1:9, had two phases (upper and lower). The separation and purification parameters of hydroxytysol and oleuropein were optimized using dynamic adsorption/desorption on a column packed with BMKX–4 resin. The effects of flow rates and volumes of the upper and lower phases on the separation efficiency were systematically studied. Under optimal conditions, the fraction of hydroxytysol in the final product increased by 6.34‐fold from 0.46 to 2.96%, with a yield rate of 88.58% w/w, while that of oleuropein increased 4.17‐fold from 11.40 to 47.59%, with a 93.31% w/w yield rate. These results may be help in selecting a suitable eluent for improved separation of macroporous adsorption resins.
Differences in Flexible and Rigid Bronchoscopy for Assessment of Tracheomalacia
Authors: Hysinger Erik B. , Hart Catherine K. , Burg Gregory , De Alarcon Alessandro , Benscoter Dan 
Published: April 2020

Objectives/HypothesisBoth flexible and rigid bronchoscopy can be used to assess tracheomalacia; however, there is limited evidence comparing the two techniques. The objective of this study was to compare flexible and rigid bronchoscopy for evaluating the location and severity of tracheomalacia in children.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of children with both flexible and rigid bronchoscopy under the same sedation. All bronchoscopies were reviewed by three bronchoscopists for the location and severity of tracheomalacia. The location of collapse was defined as upper, middle, or lower trachea, and the severity of collapse was defined as none (0%–25% collapse), mild/moderate (26%–75% collapse), and severe (>75% collapse).ResultsTwenty‐one patients were recruited for this study with a variety of neonatal respiratory diseases. There was 94% agreement (κ = 0.64) for assessment of tracheomalacia in the upper trachea. However, agreement was only 75% (κ = 0.50) in the middle trachea and 76% (κ = 0.52) in the lower trachea. In the subset of patients without tracheostomy, agreement improved to 100%, 88%, and 82% for the upper, middle, and lower trachea, respectively. There was poor correlation for tracheomalacia severity in the middle trachea (ρ = 0.30, P = .2) and moderate in the lower trachea (ρ = 0.63, P = .002).ConclusionsAlthough there is moderate agreement between flexible and rigid bronchoscopy for evaluating the presence of tracheomalacia, there can be differences in the two techniques, particularly when assessing severity of airway collapse. Future studies will be needed to understand factors that result in the discordance of flexible and rigid bronchoscopy for assessing airway dynamics.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:201–204, 2021
Quality and Readability Assessment of Websites on Human Papillomavirus and Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Schwarzbach Hannah L. , Mady Leila J. , Kaffenberger Thomas M. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Jabbour Noel 
Published: April 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe incidence of human papillomavirus–positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal cancer is rising, but public knowledge about this diagnosis remains low. This study aimed to investigate the quality and readability of online information about HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer.Study DesignCross‐sectional website analysis.MethodsThis study conducted a total of 12 web searches across Google, Yahoo, and Bing to identify websites related to HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer. The QUality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) was used to measure quality based on seven website criteria. The Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) were used to measure readability, with scores estimating the education level a reader would require to understand a piece of text. Readability improves as FRES increases and FKGL decreases.ResultsTwenty‐seven unique web pages were evaluated. The mean USA reading grade level as measured by FKGL was 10.42 (standard deviation = 1.54). There was an inverse relationship between quality and readability, with a significant positive correlation between QUEST score and FKGL (r = 0.343, P = .040) and a significant negative correlation between QUEST score and FRES (r = −0.537, P = .002).ConclusionsWith a mean USA reading grade level more than four grades above the American Medical Association's recommendation and results indicating that readability suffers as quality improves, these findings suggest that the currently available online information about HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer is insufficient. Improved patient education practices and resources about this diagnosis are needed.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:87–94, 2021
Use of a Picosecond Alexandrite Laser for Treating Acquired Bilateral Nevus of Ota‐Like Macules in Chinese Patients
Authors: Ding Hui , Yang Yin , Guo Lifang , Lin Tong 
Published: April 2020

Background and ObjectivesAcquired bilateral nevus of Ota‐like macules (ABNOM) is common among the Chinese population. There have been few studies on the use of a picosecond alexandrite laser for the treatment of ABNOMs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 755 nm picosecond alexandrite laser for the treatment of ABNOMs.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA total of 225 subjects diagnosed with ABNOMs were included in this retrospective study. A 755 nm picosecond alexandrite laser system was used to treat all subjects. The safety and effectiveness of the laser were determined using a clinical photo assessment. The correlating factors of the patients, including the age, Fitzpatrick skin type, lesion location, lesion color, treatment procedures, melasma, and outcomes, were analyzed.ResultsThe patients underwent one to four treatment sessions with clinical clearance (>90%) rates of 8.89%, 30.99%, 56.65%, and 60.00%, respectively. A higher number of sessions was positively associated with a better treatment response. The hyperpigmentation incidence rate was 22.67%, and one case of hypopigmentation was observed.ConclusionOur results suggest that a picosecond alexandrite laser is an effective and safe approach for treating ABNOMs in Chinese patients. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of privacy choice in cookie notices on consumers' perceived fairness of frequent price changes
Authors: Schmidt Lennard , Bornschein Rico , Maier Erik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent regulatory changes (i.e., General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union) enforce that seller (e.g., retail and service) and all other websites disclose through cookie notices which data they collect and store. At the same time, websites must allow consumers to disagree to the tracking of their browsing behavior. Despite sellers' concern about the loss of consumer insights—as consumers might disagree to the collection of their browsing data—cookie notices might also have a surprising side‐effect: Consumers might accept frequent price changes (from personalized or dynamic pricing) more readily, if they agree through a cookie notice that their behavior can be tracked. Specifically, two experimental studies show that consent to the tracking of browsing behavior increases consumers internal attribution of a price change, as consumers attribute the cause of the change (here: giving up data) to themselves. This increases price fairness perceptions and, in turn, purchase intent. As a result, for online sellers of goods or services the implementation of cookie notice should no longer be thought as a matter to be avoided, but rather a trade‐off decision: Loss of a part of consumer insights versus higher acceptance of data‐driven marketing mix decisions, such as frequent price changes.
Impacts of dibenzopyrenes on bacterial community isolated from Gulf of Mexico sediment
Authors: Lewis Charles G. , Beazley Melanie J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine environments as a result of contamination is an environmental concern, especially in regions where oil spills such as the Deepwater Horizon have occurred. While numerous PAHs have been studied for their effects on microbes, the family of dibenzopyrenes has yet to be investigated. In this preliminary study, the impacts of these molecules on the community structure of a bacterial consortium isolated from oil‐impacted Gulf of Mexico sediment were examined using high‐throughput sequencing, demonstrating intriguing negative impacts on species diversity and abundance. While no measurable degradation of the dibenzopyrenes was observed after 28‐day incubation, the abundance of known oil‐degrading bacteria from orders such as Oceanospirillales, Caulobacterales, Sphingomonadales, and Nitrosococcales were shown to be enhanced. Of the five isomers of dibenzopyrene studied, dibenzo[a,h]pyrene supported the fewer number of microbial species suggesting the isomer was more toxic compared to the other isomers.
Regulation of cid and lrg expression by CodY in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Ahn Sang‐Joon , Kim Hey‐Min , Desai Shailja , Deep Kamal , Rice Kelly C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ability of Streptococcus mutans to persist in a variety of adverse environments and to emerge as a numerically dominant member of stable oral biofilm communities are essential elements for its cariogenicity. The S. mutans Cid/Lrg system has been studied as a key player in the integration of complex environmental signals into regulatory networks that modulate virulence and cell homeostasis. Cid/Lrg has also been shown to be closely associated with metabolic pathways of this organism, due to distinct patterns of cid and lrg expression in response to growth phase and glucose/oxygen levels. In this study, a comparison of cid and lrg promoter regions with conserved CodY (a regulator which responds to starvation stress)‐binding motifs revealed the presence of a potential CodY‐binding site, which is arranged similarly in both cid and lrg promoters. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and promoter reporter assays demonstrated that expression of the cid and lrg operons is directly mediated by the global transcriptional regulator CodY. DNase I footprinting analyses confirmed the predicted binding sequences for CodY in both the cid and the lrg promoter regions. Overexpression of CodY had no obvious effect on lrgAB expression, but deficiency of CodY still affected lrgAB expression in a lytST‐overexpressing strain, suggesting that CodY is required for the full regulation of lrgAB by LytST. We also demonstrated that both CodY and CcpA are involved in regulating pyruvate flux and utilization. Collectively, these data show that CodY directly regulates cid and lrg expression, and together with CcpA (previously shown to directly regulate cid and lrg promoters) contributes to coordinating pyruvate uptake and utilization in response to both the external environment and the cellular metabolic status.
A deep‐learning model to predict thunderstorms within 400 km2 South Texas domains
Authors: Kamangir Hamid , Collins Waylon , Tissot Philippe , King Scott A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA deep‐learning neural network (DLNN) model was developed to predict thunderstorm occurrence within 400 km2 South Texas domains for up to 15 hr (±2 hr accuracy) in advance. The input features were chosen primarily from numerical weather prediction model output parameters/variables; cloud‐to‐ground lightning served as the target. The deep‐learning technique used was the stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) in order to create a higher order representation of the features. Logistic regression was then applied to the SDAE output to train the predictive model. An iterative technique was used to determine the optimal SDAE architecture. The performance of the optimized DLNN classifiers exceeded that of the corresponding shallow neural network models, a classifier via a combination of principal component analysis and logistic regression, and operational weather forecasters, based on the same data set.
Body stalk anomalies in pig—Definition and classification
Authors: Martín‐Alguacil Nieves , Avedillo Luis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe presence of body wall closing defects (abdominoschisis and thoracoabdominoschisis) in combination with other congenital malformations was studied in the pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). After clinical examination and literature review, body wall defects with multiple congenital anomalies in eight pigs were described, and classified using anatomical and embryological criteria. Several BSA presentations were identified and classified as follows: (a) BSA Type I: fetus with spinal and UC defects, thoracoabdominoschisis, anal atresia and/or other internal organs structural defects, and structural limb defects; (b) BSA Type II: fetus with spinal and UC defects, thoracoabdominoschisis, anal atresia and/or other internal organs structural defects, and nonstructural limb defects; (c) BSA Type III: fetus with spinal and UC defects, abdominoschisis, anal atresia and/or other internal organs structural defects, and structural limb defects; and (d) BSA Type IV: fetus with spinal and UC defects, abdominoschisis, anal atresia and/or other internal organs structural defects, and nonstructural limb defects. Two types of LBWC were differentiated: LBWC Type I: characterized by thoracoabdominoschisis and structural limb defects, and LBWC Type II: characterized by abdominoschisis and structural limb defects, corresponding to BSA type I and type III. This is the first report on BSA and LBWC in the pig.
Development of Chinese genetic reference panel for Fragile X Syndrome and its application to the screen of 10,000 Chinese pregnant women and women planning pregnancy
Authors: Gao Fei , Huang Wen , You Yanjun , Huang Jie , Zhao Juan , Xue Jin , Kang Huaixing , Zhu Yingbao , Hu Zhengmao , Allen Emily G. , Jin Peng , Xia Kun , Duan Ranhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability caused by a CGG repeat expansion in the 5′ untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. When the number of repeats exceeds 200, the gene becomes hypermethylated and is transcriptionally silenced, resulting in FXS. Other allelic forms of the gene that are studied because of their instability or phenotypic consequence include intermediate alleles (45–54 CGG repeats) and premutation alleles (55–200 repeats). Normal alleles are classified as having <45 CGG repeats. Population screening studies have been conducted among American and Australian populations; however, large population‐based studies have not been completed in China.Methods and ResultsIn this work we present FXS screening results from 10,145 women of childbearing age from China. We first created and tested a standard panel that was comprised of normal, intermediate, premutation, and full mutation samples, and we performed the screening after confirming the consistency of genotyping results among laboratories.ConclusionBased on our findings, we have determined the intermediate and premutation carrier prevalence of 1/130 and 1/634, respectively, among Chinese women.
Experimental setup for bulk susceptibility effect‐minimized, multi‐orientation MRI of ex vivo tissue samples
Authors: Lee So‐Hee , Han Min‐Jun , Lee Joonyeol , Lee Seung‐Kyun 
Published: April 2020

PurposeMany conventional ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) setups utilize cylindrical or other nonspherical tissue containers which can cause static field (B0) inhomogeneity affecting the accuracy of the measurements in an orientation‐dependent manner. In this work we demonstrate an experimental method to obtain MRI of ex vivo tissue samples held in a spherical container in order to minimize bulk susceptibility‐induced B0 inhomogeneity in arbitrary orientations.MethodsB0 inhomogeneity caused by tissue‐air susceptibility mismatch can be theoretically eliminated if the surface of susceptibility discontinuity is spherical. This situation can be approximated by putting a tissue sample in a spherical shell filled with materials with tissue‐like magnetic susceptibility. We achieved this on an intact monkey brain by (a) holding the brain with a three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed holder with tissue‐like (within 0.5 ppm) susceptibility, and (b) enclosing the brain and the holder in an acrylic spherical shell filled with diamagnetic liquid. Furthermore, the sphere and the radio‐frequency coil for MRI were mounted on a 3D‐printed frame designed to reduce B0 inhomogeneity contributions. The sphere could be rotated freely without disturbing the RF coil to facilitate multi‐orientation imaging. We verified our setup by mapping B0 in the monkey brain at 13 different orientations in a human 7T scanner, and measuring orientation‐dependent

relaxation rates in the white and gray matters of the brain. The results were then compared with a setup where the brain was held inside a cylindrical container.ResultsIn all orientations, the B0 standard deviation in the brain in the spherical setup (converted to Larmor frequency offset) was less than about 10 Hz. This corresponds to two‐sigma deviation of B0 of <0.07 ppm. The B0 gradient was <9 Hz/mm in 95 % of the brain voxels in all orientations. In high‐resolution imaging with e.g. voxel size <0.4 mm, this corresponds to voxel line broadening of <4 Hz (0.013 ppm).

in the corpus callosum showed distinctly different orientation dependence compared to the gray matter. The B0 uniformity and

reliability were much reduced in the cylindrical container setup.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated an experimental method to effectively minimize bulk susceptibility‐induced B0 perturbation in multi‐orientation ex vivo MRI. The method promises to benefit a range of tissue orientation‐dependent MR property studies.