bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous 5-fluoro-2′-deoxycytidine administered with tetrahydrouridine increases the proportion of p16-expressing circulating tumor cells in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Coyne Geraldine O.’Sullivan , Wang Lihua , Zlott Jennifer , Juwara Lamin , Covey Joseph M. , Beumer Jan H. , Cristea Mihaela C. , Newman Edward M. , Koehler Stephen , Nieva Jorge J. , Garcia Agustin A. , Gandara David R. , Miller Brandon , Khin Sonny , Miller Sarah B. , Steinberg Seth M. , Rubinstein Larry , Parchment Ralph E. , Kinders Robert J. , Piekarz Richard L. , Kummar Shivaani , Chen Alice P. , Doroshow James H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Following promising responses to the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-fluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (FdCyd) combined with tetrahydrouridine (THU) in phase 1 testing, we initiated a non-randomized phase 2 study to assess response to this combination in patients with advanced solid tumor types for which tumor suppressor gene methylation is potentially prognostic. To obtain pharmacodynamic evidence for DNMT inhibition by FdCyd, we developed a novel method for detecting expression of tumor suppressor protein p16/INK4A in circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

Methods
Patients in histology-specific strata (breast, head and neck [H&N], or non-small cell lung cancers [NSCLC] or urothelial transitional cell carcinoma) were administered FdCyd (100 mg/m2) and THU (350 mg/m2) intravenously 5 days/week for 2 weeks, in 28-day cycles, and progression-free survival (PFS) rate and objective response rate (ORR) were evaluated. Blood specimens were collected for CTC analysis.

Results
Ninety-three eligible patients were enrolled (29 breast, 21 H&N, 25 NSCLC, and 18 urothelial). There were three partial responses. All strata were terminated early due to insufficient responses (H&N, NSCLC) or slow accrual (breast, urothelial). However, the preliminary 4-month PFS rate (42%) in the urothelial stratum exceeded the predefined goal—though the ORR (5.6%) did not. An increase in the proportion of p16-expressing cytokeratin-positive CTCs was detected in 69% of patients evaluable for clinical and CTC response, but was not significantly associated with clinical response.

Conclusion
Further study of FdCyd + THU is potentially warranted in urothelial carcinoma but not NSCLC or breast or H&N cancer. Increase in the proportion of p16-expressing cytokeratin-positive CTCs is a pharmacodynamic marker of FdCyd target engagement.
The effect of time between procedures upon the proficiency gain period for minimally invasive esophagectomy
Authors: Markar Sheraz R. , Ni Melody , Mackenzie Hugh , Penna Marta , Faiz Omar , Hanna George B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Complex surgical procedures including minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) are commonly associated with a period of proficiency gain. We aim to study the effect of reduced procedural interval upon the number of cases required to gain proficiency and adverse patient outcomes during this period from MIE.

Methods
All adult patients undergoing MIE for esophageal cancer in England from 2002 to 2012 were identified from Hospital Episode Statistics database. Outcomes evaluated included conversion rate from MIE to open esophagectomy, 30-day re-intervention, 30-day and 90-day mortality. Regression models investigated relationships between procedural interval and the number of cases and clinical outcomes during proficiency gain period.

Results
The MIE dataset comprised of 1696 patents in total, with procedures carried out by 148 surgeons. Thresholds for procedural interval extracted from change-point modeling were found to be 60 days for conversion, 80 days for 30-day re-intervention, 80 days for 30-day mortality and 110 days for 90-day mortality. Procedural interval of MIEs did not influence the number of cases required for proficiency gain. However, reduced MIE procedural interval was associated with significant reductions in conversions (0.16 vs. 0.07; P < 0.001), re-interventions (0.15 vs. 0.09; P < 0.01), 30-day (0.12 vs. 0.05; P < 0.01) and 90-day (0.14 vs. 0.06; P < 0.01) mortality during the period of proficiency gain.

Conclusions
This national study has demonstrated that the introduction of MIE is associated with a period of proficiency gain and adverse patient outcomes. The absolute effect of this period of proficiency gain upon patient morbidity and mortality may be reduced by reduced procedural interval of MIE practice within specialized esophageal cancer centers.
Unlocking the PACS DICOM Domain for its Use in Clinical Research Data Warehouses
Authors: Kaspar Mathias , Liman Leon , Ertl Maximilian , Fette Georg , Seidlmayer Lea Katharina , Schreiber Laura , Puppe Frank , Störk Stefan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClinical Data Warehouses (DWHs) are used to provide researchers with simplified access to pseudonymized and homogenized clinical routine data from multiple primary systems. Experience with the integration of imaging and metadata from picture archiving and communication systems (PACS), however, is rare. Our goal was therefore to analyze the viability of integrating a production PACS with a research DWH to enable DWH queries combining clinical and medical imaging metadata and to enable the DWH to display and download images ad hoc. We developed an application interface that enables to query the production PACS of a large hospital from a clinical research DWH containing pseudonymized data. We evaluated the performance of bulk extracting metadata from the PACS to the DWH and the performance of retrieving images ad hoc from the PACS for display and download within the DWH. We integrated the system into the query interface of our DWH and used it successfully in four use cases. The bulk extraction of imaging metadata required a median (quartiles) time of 0.09 (0.03–2.25) to 12.52 (4.11–37.30) seconds for a median (quartiles) number of 10 (3–29) to 103 (8–693) images per patient, depending on the extraction approach. The ad hoc image retrieval from the PACS required a median (quartiles) of 2.57 (2.57–2.79) seconds per image for the download, but 5.55 (4.91–6.06) seconds to display the first and 40.77 (38.60–41.63) seconds to display all images using the pure web-based viewer. A full integration of a production PACS with a research DWH is viable and enables various use cases in research. While the extraction of basic metadata from all images can be done with reasonable effort, the extraction of all metadata seems to be more appropriate for subgroups.
A comparison of penalty shootout designs in soccer
Authors: Csató László 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPenalty shootout in soccer is recognized to be unfair because the team kicking first in all rounds enjoys a significant advantage. The so-called Catch-Up Rule has been suggested recently to solve this problem but is shown here not to be fairer than the simpler deterministic Alternating (ABBA) Rule that has already been tried. We introduce the Adjusted Catch-Up Rule by guaranteeing the first penalty of the possible sudden death stage to the team disadvantaged in the first round. It outperforms the Catch-Up and Alternating Rules, while remains straightforward to implement. A general measure of complexity for penalty shootout mechanisms is also provided as the minimal number of binary questions required to decide the first-mover in a given round without knowing the history of the penalty shootout. This quantification permits a two-dimensional evaluation of any mechanism proposed in the future.
Perspectives on Bioengineering Clinical Immersion: History, Innovation, and Impact
Authors: Kotche Miiri , Felder Anthony E. , Wilkens Kimberlee , Stirling Susan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOpportunities to provide clinical immersion experiences to bioengineering undergraduate students have expanded over the last several years. These programs allow students to observe the clinical environment in order to better understand workflow processes, the context in which medical equipment is used, and identify unmet needs firsthand. While each program focuses on identifying unmet needs, these experiences vary in content and implementation. Here we discuss features of clinical immersion programs, share details of our program after six years, and present data regarding post-graduation employment of our participants. Students who participated in the University of Illinois at Chicago Clinical Immersion Program are not more likely to pursue careers in industry as compared to non-participants, nor do they demonstrate an ability to find a job more quickly than non-participants. However, participants who did enter into industry self-reported that the program was impactful to both their career interests and ability to find their first employment position.
Root xylem in three woody angiosperm species is not more vulnerable to embolism than stem xylem
Authors: Wu Min , Zhang Ya , Oya Thais , Marcati Carmen Regina , Pereira Luciano , Jansen Steven 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aims
Since plants are compartmentalised organisms, failure of their hydraulic transport system could differ between organs. We test here whether xylem tissue of stems and roots differ in their drought-induced embolism resistance, and whether intact roots are equally resistant to embolism than root segments.

Methods
Embolism resistance of stem and root xylem was measured based on the pneumatic technique for Acer campestre, A. pseudoplatanus and Corylus avellana, comparing also intact roots and root segments of C. avellana. Moreover, we compared anatomical features such as interconduit pit membrane between roots and stems.

Results
We found a higher embolism resistance for roots than stems, although a significant difference was only found for A. pseudoplatanus. Interconduit pit membrane thickness was similar for both organs of the two Acer species, but pit membranes were thicker in roots than stems of C. avellana. Also, embolism resistance of an intact root network was similar to thick root segments for C. avellana.

Conclusion
Our observations show that root xylem is not more vulnerable to embolism than stem xylem, although more species need to be studied to test if this finding can be generalised. We also demonstrated that the pneumatic method can be applied to non-terminal plant samples.
Lying, Misleading, and the Argument from Cultural Slopes
Authors: Herzog Lisa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses a novel kind of argument for assessing the moral significance of acts of lying and misleading. It is based on considerations about valuable social norms that might be eroded by these actions, because these actions function as signals. Given that social norms can play an important role in supporting morality, individuals have a responsibility to preserve such norms and to prevent ‘cultural slopes’ that erode them. Depending on whether there are norms against lying, misleading, or both, and how likely it is that they might be eroded, these actions can thus have different moral significance. In cases in which the rule ‘do not lie’, as a relatively simple rule, functions as a ‘focal point’, acts of misleading are often morally preferable. In other words, in such cases the possibility of ‘cultural slopes’ can ground a context-dependent slippery slope argument for a moral difference between lying and misleading.
ARoCuS Web application promotes standardized treatment and documentation of rotator cuff tears
Authors: Walter S. G. , Cucchi D. , Thomas W. , Friedrich M. J. , Jansen T. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To program a Web application for simplified calculation of the Advanced Rotator Cuff tear Score (ARoCuS), which is a 5-part, 18-item treatment-oriented intraoperative scoring system for intraoperative evaluation of rotator cuff tears.

Methods
ARoCuS characteristics (torn tendon, tear size, tissue quality and tear pattern) were assessed intraoperatively on 40 consecutive patients with rotator cuff tears for calculation of defect category ΔV. Video recordings were used to re-calculate the ARoCuS after surgery and to assess inter-observer reliability.

Results
The Web application “ARoCuS App” was built using Angular and transformed to a native iOS application. The intraoperative use of the app proved to be simple and intuitive. There were inter-/intra-observer differences neither in ARoCuS defect categories ΔV nor in ARoCuS characteristics (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The ARoCuS app is a supportive tool for integration of standardized treatment procedures and documentation of rotator cuff tears in clinical routine.
Delineation of Ground Water Potential Zones in Chinhat Block, District Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - An Integrated Approach
Authors: Tripathi Shashank , Tiwari Atul , Singh Arjun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The identification of ground water potential zones in the Chinhat block, district Lucknow, U.P. has been carried out based on the scientific investigation of drainage, gydro-geomorphology, lithology, soil, land use and land cover, geo-resistivity data and their inter-relationship. Thematic layers of drainage, canal, surface water body, geomorphology, lithology, lineament, soil, and land use and land cover were prepared with the help of satellite images. Field traverses along litho-stratigraphic units was made to check ground truth. Dug well data were collected at different locations in the district. digital elevation model (DEM) of the area was generated using SRTM data. Slope map was prepared from DEM. To generate these layers a step-approach, i.e., digitization, editing, building topological structure and finally, polygonization for GIS overlay analysis was followed.
Every class in the thematic layers were placed into one of the following categories viz. (i) excellent (ii) good (iii) moderate (iv) poor, and (v) very poor depending on their level of groundwater potential. Considering their behavior with respect to groundwater control, the different classes were given suitable values, according to their importance relative to other classes in the same thematic layer.
To find out the more realistic ground water potentiality map of the area, the relevant layers which include geomorphology, lithology, lineament, slope, drainage density, soil type and landuse/landcover were integrated in Arc/Info grid environment. Criteria for GIS analysis have been defined on the basis of ground water conditions and appropriate weightage were assigned to each information layer according to relative contribution towards the desired output.
The inferred results have also been validated by the yield data collected from the existing sources. The findings based on the drilling data confirms that the higher yield categories fall in the excellent ground water potential zones while the area marked as very poor ground water potential zone fall under low yield categories.
A GIS-based Approach in Drainage Morphometrie Analysis of Sai River Basin, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gautam Pawan Kumar , Singh Dhruv Sen , Kumar Dhirendra , Singh Anoop Kumar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on hydrogeological processes and sub-surface geological activities. The basin area measured is 11,161 km2 with NW-SE sloping trend. Sinuosity Index is 2.7 which show meandering nature. The drainage density, stream frequency and drainage intensity values were 0.62 km−1, 0.23km−1 and 0.37 respectively which implies that low surface runoff, high permeable alluvium, high infiltration rate, easily erodible alluvium and low relief. Mean Bifurcation ratio of 5.11 indicates that the basin is structurally controlled. Stream length ratio shows mature stage of erosion and low runoff. The basin is found to be significantly elongated circularity ratio, elongation ratio, form factor, shape index and shape factor is 0.07, 0.33, 0.09, 4.28 and 11.61 respectively. Drainage texture of 0.15 (km−1) suggest the smooth topography and high drainage density. Relief ratio is 0.23, low surface run-off, low erosion, and gentle slope. The constant of channel maintenance, length of overland flow, ruggedness number is 1.60, 0.80, 0.05 respectively, conclude the gentle slope, low surface runoff, high infiltration rate, least erodible and high permeability. The Rho coefficient of 0.11 shows the low capacity of water. The basin relief is 84 and relief ratio is 0.23 m indicating low run-off and low erosion. Hypsometric curve and integral show that the river is having intermediate stage of incision and erosion, Asymmetric factor, drainage basin shape, presence of high escarpment zones, fall displacement and uplifted barrier occur in the path of the channel identified in the transverse profile, longitudinal profiles due to intra-basinal sub-surface tectonic activity.
Runoff Induced Soil Erosion and its Impact on the Quality of Water for Upper-Patiala-Ki-Rao Catchment Lying on Shivalik Hills
Authors: Walia Sushma , Singh Sarbjit , Babbar Richa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this research paper runoff induced soil erosion and its impact on the quality of water of upper Patiala-Ki-Rao catchment located on Shivalik hills of Punjab and Haryana states of India were quantified. The selected ungauged basin is divided into two sub-watersheds and there are four gauged micro-watersheds nested within it. The simultaneous calibration is carried out for selected ungauged watershed, sub-watersheds and four gauged micro-watersheds to simulate the discharge and soil loss using Arc-SWAT and remote sensing. The model is first validated for four gauged micro-watersheds and then the predicted discharge and soil loss was validated for selected ungauged watershed and two sub-watersheds using a regionalization approach to make sure that the model was representing the watershed as a whole. The results of statistical analysis after thorough manual calibration and validation predicts that the SWAT model can satisfactorily simulate stream-flow and sediment yield for the upper Patiala-Ki-Rao watershed. In addition, water samples were collected for each runoff producing rain event during monsoon season for two years to access the impact of soil loss on the quality of water.
Impacts of Land Use Land Cover Change on Surface Temperature and Groundwater Fluctuation in Raipur District
Authors: Jaiswal Tanushri , Jhariya D. C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study is aimed to analyse the impacts of Land Use / Land Cover (LULC) to Land Surface Temperature (LST) and water level fluctuation in Raipur city, for which pre- & post-monsoon data for four years 2000, 2008, 2014 and 2018 have been analysed. By this study, it has been observed that changing LULC has its direct impact on surface temperature as it is increasing with rapid urbanization. Also due to the modern agricultural practices and increasing urbanization as the major factor responsible for changing LULC, and the declining water level.
Groundwater Quality Analysis of Northeastern Haryana using Multivariate Statistical Techniques
Authors: Ravish Sandeep , Setia Baldev , Deswal Surinder 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sub-surface water contamination has become a topic of main concern due to anthropogenic activities. MSTs were performed to appraise the seasonal and spatial variations in quality of sub-surface water and to trace the sources in NE Haryana. WQI was computed to analyse the quality of overall groundwater for domestic purposes during pre- and post-monsoon periods. The post-monsoon season water samples were found to be good for human consumption compared to pre-monsoon season. HCA, DA and PCA were performed to the quality of sub-surface water data computed on 14 elements from 30 locations geographically well-distributed across the area. Thirty sampling sites were classified into 02 clusters using HCA, group two having higher contamination than group one. The most significant elements accounting for spatial and seasonal variations in quality of sub-surface water of the study region was obtained by using DA. For the combined dataset of the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2017 the temporal and spatial DA identified pH, Na, Cl, TDS, Mg and F as the six most significant element, which distinguishes between water pre-eminence in the two seasons and accounts for 88.34% spatial and 100% seasonal assignation of cases. PCA was used to the data observed from the 02 groups, which obtained four varimax-factors in each group, accounting 77.54 and 84.77% of the total variance, respectively. Varimax factors evolved from PCA represented that quality of sub-surface water variation is possibly attributed by multiple geogenic, anthropogenic factors, ion exchange processes and rock-water interactions in groundwater.
The unconquerable country: the Babylonian marshes in the Neo-Assyrian sources
Authors: Bagg Ariel M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Assyrians ruled in the first half of the first millennium BCE over most part of the Ancient Near East. The Neo-Assyrian Empire was constructed on the base of a powerful, well organized and trained army, which defeated all enemies and seemed to be invincible. Babylonia was a special case, because of the complicated political situation and especially its particular geography. Southern Babylonia (nowadays Southern Iraq) was a region of marshes and lagoons, an ideal refuge for rebels. The area could become a mortal trap for those who entered it without knowing it well enough. This region, which represented a severe challenge for the Assyrian army, was called in the Assyrian sources the “Sealand”, a region where water played a crucial role. The aim of this paper is to show how this particular landscape was perceived by the Assyrians as well as to point out its decisive role in the development of the historical events on the base of the cuneiform sources and the depictions on the stone plates, which decorated the walls of the Assyrian palaces.
Recent Advances on Boosting the Cell Voltage of Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Gou Qianzhi , Zhao Shuang , Wang Jiacheng , Li Meng , Xue Junmin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to its ultra-fast charge/discharge rate, long cyclic life span, and environmental benignity, aqueous supercapacitor (SC) is considered as a proper next-generation energy storage device. Unfortunately, limited by undesirable water electrolysis and unreasonable electrode potential range, aqueous SC normally generates a narrow cell voltage, resulting in a low energy density. To address such challenge, enormous efforts have been made to construct high-voltage aqueous SCs. Despite these achievements, the systematic reviews about this field are still rare. To fill this knowledge gap, this review summarizes the recent advances about boosting the cell voltage of aqueous SCs. From the viewpoint of electrode, doping alkali cations, modulating the electrode mass ratio, and optimizing the surface charge density are regarded as three effective pathways to achieve this goal. However, adjusting the appropriate pH level, introducing redox mediators, and constructing “water-in-salt” electrolyte are other three universal routes from the electrolyte aspect. Furthermore, it is also effective to obtain the high-voltage aqueous SCs through asymmetric design, such as designing asymmetric SCs. The confronting challenges and future development tendency towards the high-voltage aqueous SCs are further discussed.