bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High frequency social calls indicate food source defense in foraging Common pipistrelle bats
Authors: Götze Simone , Denzinger Annette , Schnitzler Hans-Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSocial calls have the function to coordinate the behavior of animals. In the presence of conspecifics foraging Common pipistrelle bats (P. pipistrellus) emitted, in addition to typical echolocation signals, two types of social calls: complex social calls and an as-of-yet undescribed, short, frequency-modulated call type with high terminal frequency, which we term “high frequency social call”. By recording the flight and acoustic behavior of free flying pairs of foraging P. pipistrellus with an array of four microphones we were able to determine their three-dimensional flight paths and attribute emitted calls to particular behavioral situations. Complex social calls were emitted at further inter-individual distances and at large bearing angles to conspecifics, whereas high frequency social calls were produced at significantly shorter distances and at smaller bearing angles. These calls were associated with chasings and the eviction of the intruder. We assume that the emission of both types of social calls by foraging bats reflects a two-stage-process of the occupation and defense of a food patch. Common pipistrelle bats use complex social calls to claim a food patch and switch to agonistic behaviors, including chasings and high frequency social call emissions, when they defend their foraging territory against an intruder.
Eradication of Candida albicans persister cell biofilm by the membranotropic peptide gH625
Authors: Galdiero Emilia , de Alteriis Elisabetta , De Natale Antonino , D’Alterio Angela , Siciliano Antonietta , Guida Marco , Lombardi Lucia , Falanga Annarita , Galdiero Stefania 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiofilm formation poses an important clinical trouble due to resistance to antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is an urgent demand for new antibiofilm strategies that focus on the use of alternative compounds also in combination with conventional drugs. Drug-tolerant persisters are present in Candida albicans biofilms and are detected following treatment with high doses of amphotericin B. In this study, persisters were found in biofilms treated with amphotericin B of two clinical isolate strains, and were capable to form a new biofilm in situ. We investigated the possibility of eradicating persister-derived biofilms from these two Candida albicans strains, using the peptide gH625 analogue (gH625-M). Confocal microscopy studies allowed us to characterize the persister-derived biofilm and understand the mechanism of interaction of gH625-M with the biofilm. These findings confirm that persisters may be responsible for Candida biofilm survival, and prove that gH625-M was very effective in eradicating persister-derived biofilms both alone and in combination with conventional antifungals, mainly strengthening the antibiofilm activity of fluconazole and 5-flucytosine. Our strategy advances our insights into the development of effective antibiofilm therapeutic approaches.
Pentacyclic triterpenoid-rich fraction of the Hardy kiwi (Actinidia arguta) improves brain dysfunction in high fat diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Ha Jeong Su , Kang Jin Yong , Kang Jeong Eun , Park Seon Kyeong , Kim Jong Min , Kim Chul-Woo , Oh Sung-Il , Lee Uk , Kim Dae-Ok , Heo Ho Jin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study was performed to investigate the effect of the chloroform fraction from Actinidia arguta (CFAA) on cognitive dysfunction in a C57BL/6 mouse model fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. The CFAA has the protective effect on high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in MC-IXC cell (neuroblastoma cell line). In a C57BL/6 mouse model fed a HFD for 12 weeks, the improved glucose tolerance and cognitive dysfunction were observed in a group ingesting CFAA. In the brain tissue analysis, the impaired cholinergic, antioxidant system and mitochondria functions were improved in the CFAA group. In addition, in a molecular biology study, it was observed that CFAA improves HFD-induced abnormal insulin signaling such as increase of IRS phosphorylation at serine residues and reduction of Akt phosphorylation caused by the increase of JNK phosphorylation and then inhibited apoptosis. In the UPLC Q-TOF/MS analysis, pentacyclic triterpenoids such as asiatic acid (AA), madecassic acid (MA) were identified in CFAA as main compounds. Therefore, these results propose that Actinidia arguta rich in pentacyclic triterpenoids may be effective as preventive matter a therapeutic strategy to improve neurodegenerative disease caused by HFD.
Prediction model for short-term mortality after palliative radiotherapy for patients having advanced cancer: a cohort study from routine electronic medical data
Authors: Lee Shing Fung , Luk Hollis , Wong Aray , Ng Chuk Kwan , Wong Frank Chi Sing , Luque-Fernandez Miguel Angel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe developed a predictive score system for 30-day mortality after palliative radiotherapy by using predictors from routine electronic medical record. Patients with metastatic cancer receiving first course palliative radiotherapy from 1 July, 2007 to 31 December, 2017 were identified. 30-day mortality odds ratios and probabilities of the death predictive score were obtained using multivariable logistic regression model. Overall, 5,795 patients participated. Median follow-up was 39.6 months (range, 24.5–69.3) for all surviving patients. 5,290 patients died over a median 110 days, of whom 995 (17.2%) died within 30 days of radiotherapy commencement. The most important mortality predictors were primary lung cancer (odds ratio: 1.73, 95% confidence interval: 1.47–2.04) and log peripheral blood neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (odds ratio: 1.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–1.92). The developed predictive scoring system had 10 predictor variables and 20 points. The cross-validated area under curve was 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.79–0.82). The calibration suggested a reasonably good fit for the model (likelihood-ratio statistic: 2.81, P = 0.094), providing an accurate prediction for almost all 30-day mortality probabilities. The predictive scoring system accurately predicted 30-day mortality among patients with stage IV cancer. Oncologists may use this to tailor palliative therapy for patients.
Bilateral and unilateral odor processing and odor perception
Authors: Dalal Tal , Gupta Nitin , Haddad Rafi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImagine smelling a novel perfume with only one nostril and then smelling it again with the other nostril. Clearly, you can tell that it is the same perfume both times. This simple experiment demonstrates that odor information is shared across both hemispheres to enable perceptual unity. In many sensory systems, perceptual unity is believed to be mediated by inter-hemispheric connections between iso-functional cortical regions. However, in the olfactory system, the underlying neural mechanisms that enable this coordination are unclear because the two olfactory cortices are not topographically organized and do not seem to have homotypic inter-hemispheric mapping. This review presents recent advances in determining which aspects of odor information are processed unilaterally or bilaterally, and how odor information is shared across the two hemispheres. We argue that understanding the mechanisms of inter-hemispheric coordination can provide valuable insights that are hard to achieve when focusing on one hemisphere alone.
Flipping the helicity of X-rays from an undulator at unprecedented speed
Authors: Holldack Karsten , Schüssler-Langeheine Christian , Goslawski Paul , Pontius Niko , Kachel Torsten , Armborst Felix , Ries Markus , Schälicke Andreas , Scheer Michael , Frentrup Winfried , Bahrdt Johannes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractX-ray circular dichroism (XMCD), one of the main tools to study magnetism, benefits enormously from the capability of a fast alterable helicity of circularly polarized X-ray photons. Here we present a method for boosting the alternating frequency between right- and left-handed photons to the MHz regime, more than three orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art technologies. The method is based on a twin elliptical undulator installed in an electron storage ring being operated in a novel mode where the electron optics is tuned close to a resonance with electrons captured in transverse resonance island buckets. Propagating through the twin undulator, electrons from different islands emit photons of the same wavelength but of opposite helicity. These two helicity components can be alternated as fast as 2 ns. In a proof-of-principle experiment at BESSY II, we demonstrate XMCD at the L2,3 absorption edges of Ni with an 800 ns helicity flip.
Hierarchical binding of copperII to N-truncated Aβ4–16 peptide
Authors: Teng Xiangyu , Stefaniak Ewelina , Girvan Paul , Kotuniak Radosław , Płonka Dawid , Bal Wojciech , Ying Liming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
N-Truncated Aβ4–42 displays a high binding affinity with CuII. A mechanistic scheme of the interactions between Aβ4–42 and CuII has been proposed using a fluorescence approach. The timescales of different conversion steps were determined. This kinetic mechanism indicates the potential synaptic functions of Aβ4–42 during neurotransmission.
Examining Social Communication Effects of a Picture Communication Board in a Child With Autism
Authors: Lesser Jenna , Ebert Kerry Danahy 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems have been shown to increase requesting and protesting among minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is a lack of research on using AAC to address social communication in ASD. Additionally, most previous research on AAC involves expensive, difficult-to-access technology. Enhanced milieu teaching and joint attention, symbolic play, engagement, and regulation interventions have been combined to successfully improve social communication in ASD. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of introducing a low-technology, picture-based communication board using enhanced milieu teaching with joint attention, symbolic play, engagement, and regulation on social communication.

Method
An A-B-A-B single-subject design was implemented with a minimally verbal boy with ASD aged 3;4 (years;months). Three baseline sessions were followed by six intervention sessions and then repeated. Outcome measures included frequency of communicative acts, percentage of communication acts using AAC, and percentage of communication acts that were social. Visual analysis in combination with Tau-U effect sizes was used to evaluate the effects of intervention.

Results
Clear and immediate effects on frequency of communication (Tau-U = 0.97) and adoption of the AAC system (Tau-U = 1.00) were observed. The intervention did not clearly impact social communication (Tau-U = 0.17).

Conclusions
This study extends previous research indicating that AAC can quickly increase communication frequency to low-technology, accessible systems. The intervention dosage may have been insufficient to affect social communication, and further research should consider whether picture communication boards can positively influence social communication in young children with ASD.
New Mochica and the challenge of reviving an extinct
language
Authors: Eloranta Rita , Bartens Angela 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss New Mochica as an
example of language revival. New Mochica is definitely not the
Mochica of the colonial or republican epoch of present-day Peru and
the continuity of an already extinct language can be questioned. Van
Coetsem’s (1988, 2000) framework of language
contact explains why the contribution of the language revivalists’
dominant language, Spanish, has such a powerful impact on New
Mochica, eradicating the central typological features of Mochica. On
the other hand, the groups of language revivalists presented in this
paper explore the linguistic resources at hand in creative ways.
Based on this case study, we propose that language revival should be
studied as distinct from language revitalization (cf. Zuckermann & Walsh,
2011), yet as related to overall processes of language
making (Hüning & Krämer,
2018).
Political boundary spanning: politicians at the interface between collaborative governance and representative democracy
Authors: Sørensen Eva , Hendriks Carolyn M , Hertting Nils , Edelenbos Jurian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch finds that productive interfaces between collaborative and bureaucratic forms of governance hinges on the extent to which public managers act as competent boundary spanners who process information, accommodate communication and align and coordinate behavior, and it seems likely that politicians have an equally important role to play in aligning processes and arenas of collaborative governance with representative democracy. The empirical forms that political boundary making takes are examined in a study of 28 cases of local, regional or national level policy-making in nine Western countries. This study indicates that there is considerable variation in the way politicians perform political boundary spanning particularly with respect to their degree of engagement in collaborative policymaking arenas and the focus of their boundary-spanning activities. Furthermore, the study shows that collaborative governance tends to go best in tandem with representative democracy in those cases where politicians perform both hands off and hands on boundary-spanning activities.
Impact of contextual variables on the representative external load profile of Spanish professional soccer match‐play: A full season study
Authors: Oliva‐Lozano José M. , Rojas‐Valverde Daniel , Gómez‐Carmona Carlos D. , Fortes Víctor , Pino‐Ortega José 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to: (1) identify the representative external load profile of match‐play in Spanish professional soccer players by principal components analysis (PCA), and (2) analyse the effect of match location (home vs away), match outcome (win vs draw vs loss) and length of the microcycle (5 vs 6 vs 7 vs 8 vs 9 days) on the external load profile. Data were collected during one season consisting of 42 matches in LaLiga 123 and 11 external load variables were selected after the PCA. TD, total distance covered; DIS0–6: distance from 0 to 6 km/h; DIS21–24: distance from 21 to 24 km/h; HSRD: high‐speed running distance above 21 km/h; HSRA: total of high‐speed running actions above 21 km/h; V MAX: maximum speed in km/h; Sprints: total of actions above 24 km/h; ACC: total of accelerations; ACCG‐avg: average accelerometer G‐force; ACCMAX: maximum acceleration (m/s2); DECMAX: maximum deceleration (m/s2). Match location had an impact on HSRD (p < 0.01; ES = 0.05), DIS0–6 (p < 0.01; ES = 0.05), and ACCMAX (p < 0.01; ES = 0.05). Match outcome had a relation to TD (p < 0.01; ES = 0.05), DIS0–6 (p < 0.01; ES = 0.05) and HSRD (p < 0.01; ES = 0.05). Length of the microcycle had an impact on TD (p < 0.01; ES = 0.05), DIS0–6 (p < 0.01; ES = 0.11), ACC (p < 0.01; ES = 0.04) and VMAX (p < 0.01; ES = 0.04). This study provides coaches a selection of variables for match‐play analysis, which could represent two‐thirds of external load profile. Then, professionals should consider that these contextual variables could have an impact on the external load profile.
Consistent and invertible deformation vector fields for a breathing anthropomorphic phantom: a post-processing framework for the XCAT phantom
Authors: Eiben Björn , Bertholet Jenny , Menten Martin J , Nill Simeon , Oelfke Uwe , McClelland Jamie R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Breathing motion is challenging for radiotherapy planning and delivery. This requires advanced four-dimensional (4D) imaging and motion mitigation strategies and associated validation tools with known deformations. Numerical phantoms such as the XCAT provide reproducible and realistic data for simulation-based validation. However, the XCAT generates partially inconsistent and non-invertible deformations where tumours remain rigid and structures can move through each other. We address these limitations by post-processing the XCAT deformation vector fields (DVF) to generate a breathing phantom with realistic motion and quantifiable deformation.
An open-source post-processing framework was developed that corrects and inverts the XCAT-DVFs while preserving sliding motion between organs. Those post-processed DVFs are used to warp the first XCAT-generated image to consecutive time points providing a 4D phantom with a tumour that moves consistently with the anatomy, the ability to scale lung density as well as consistent and invertible DVFs. For a regularly breathing case, the inverse consistency of the DVFs was verified and the tumour motion was compared to the original XCAT. The generated phantom and DVFs were used to validate a motion-including dose reconstruction (MIDR) method using isocenter shifts to emulate rigid motion. Differences between the reconstructed doses with and without lung density scaling were evaluated.
The post-processing framework produced DVFs with a maximum

95

t
h

-percentile inverse-consistency error of 0.02 mm. The generated phantom preserved the dominant sliding motion between the chest wall and inner organs. The tumour of the original XCAT phantom preserved its trajectory while deforming consistently with the underlying tissue. The MIDR was compared to the ground truth dose reconstruction illustrating its limitations. MIDR with and without lung density scaling resulted in small dose differences up to 1 Gy (prescription 54 Gy).
The proposed open-source post-processing framework overcomes important limitations of the original XCAT phantom and makes it applicable to a wider range of validation applications within radiotherapy.
Quantum phase transition inside the superconducting dome of Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As2 from diamond-based optical magnetometry
Authors: Joshi K R , Nusran N M , Tanatar M A , Cho K , Bud’ko S L , Canfield P C , Fernandes R M , Levchenko A , Prozorov R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Unconventional superconductivity often emerges in close proximity to a magnetic instability. Upon suppressing the magnetic transition down to zero temperature by tuning the carrier concentration, pressure, or disorder, the superconducting transition temperature T
c acquires its maximum value. A major challenge is the elucidation of the relationship between the superconducting phase and the strong quantum fluctuations expected near a quantum phase transition (QPT) that is either second order (i.e. a quantum critical point) or weakly first order. While unusual normal state properties, such as non-Fermi liquid behavior of the resistivity, are commonly associated with strong quantum fluctuations, evidence for its presence inside the superconducting dome are much scarcer. In this paper, we use sensitive and minimally invasive optical magnetometry based on NV-centers in diamond to probe the doping evolution of the T = 0 penetration depth in the electron-doped iron-based superconductor Ba(Fe1−x
Co
x
)2As2. A non-monotonic evolution with a pronounced peak in the vicinity of the putative magnetic QPT is found. This behavior is reminiscent to that previously seen in isovalently-substituted BaFe2(As1−x
P
x
)2 compounds, despite the notable differences between these two systems. Whereas the latter is a very clean system that displays nodal superconductivity and a single simultaneous first-order nematic–magnetic transition, the former is a charge-doped and significantly dirtier system with fully gapped superconductivity and split second-order nematic and magnetic transitions. Thus, our observation of a sharp peak in λ(x) near optimal doping, combined with the theoretical result that a QPT alone does not mandate the appearance of such peak, unveils a puzzling and seemingly universal manifestation of magnetic quantum fluctuations in iron-based superconductors and unusually robust quantum phase transition under the dome of superconductivity.
Two major modes of East Asian marine heatwaves
Authors: Lee Seonju , Park Myung-Sook , Kwon Minho , Kim Young Ho , Park Young-Gyu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We show two major modes of East Asian marine heatwaves (MHWs) associated with two contrasting sea surface temperature patterns over the subtropical western North Pacific (WNP). In the first MHW mode, ocean warming over East Asia occurs along with the subtropical WNP from the earlier winter by an El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The basin-wide ocean warming is finally intensified to an extreme warming state around East Asia, where a high-pressure region in zonal waves across the Eurasian continent passes. In contrast, at the early stage, the second MHW mode is unfavorable with ocean cooling. However, MHWs over East Asia occur due to a significant intensification of a zonally elongated high-pressure zone in response to anomalous subtropical convection in addition to mid-latitude zonal waves. Due to the importance of persistent ocean warming as well as immediate atmospheric forcing, MHW inducible oceanic and atmospheric interactions are clearly distinguishable from those of atmospheric heatwaves.
Retrospect driving forces and forecasting reduction potentials of energy-related industrial carbon emissions from China’s manufacturing at city level
Authors: Su Yongxian , Wang Yilong , Zheng Bo , Ciais Philippe , Wu Jianping , Chen Xiuzhi , Wang Yang , Wang Changjian , Ye Yuyao , Li Qian , Zhang Chaoqun , Zhang Hongou , Huang Guangqing , Huang Ningsheng , Lafortezza Raffaele 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Lack of either spatial or temporal coverage in city-level carbon emissions analysis might curb our understanding of historical drivers and make future forecasting uncertain. To fill these gaps, we analyzed time-series energy-related industrial carbon emissions (EICEs) from manufacturing in over 99 cities nationwide in China during the period 2000–2015. We estimated these cities’ EICEs reduction potential up until 2030 by improving scenario design, which imposed constraints separately on different city groups based on historical drivers. Results indicated distinct changes of EICEs around 2013 for the heavy manufacturing [HM], light manufacturing [LM] and high-tech development [HD] city groups and of emissions intensity for the energy production [EP] city group. The slowing economic growth would partly explain these transformations since 2013. Energy efficiency and industrial structure contributed most to these switches for the EP and HD city groups, respectively, while energy mix and energy efficiency were also major contributors for the HM and LM city groups. Given economic growth at a normal speed, EICEs will increase by 59%, 78%, 90% and 95% for the EP, HM, LM and HD city groups, respectively, from 2015–2030. Our scenarios show that energy efficiency improvement and industrial structure optimization will spur the EICEs to peak before 2030 and limit future EICEs increase by 6.4% and 33.4% in 2030 for the EP and HD city groups, respectively. This implies that energy efficiency improvement and industrial structure optimization are key emissions mitigation factors for the EP and HD cities. Equally important, our study found more unclean fuel structure with higher coal share in the HM and LM city groups than in the other groups. It is therefore imperative to improve their energy efficiency and optimize energy and industrial structures in the HM and LM cities. Results highlight the need to impose different constraints in scenario design and provide mitigation strategies at city level.