bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of European economic institutions during the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Camous Antoine , Claeys Grégory 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article argues that the incomplete economic and institutional integration of the euro area has exposed the monetary union to increasing economic divergence, which could be deepened by the COVID‐19 crisis. We discuss how monetary and fiscal measures implemented at the onset of the pandemic have contributed to mitigate the economic consequences of lockdowns, but provided limited insurance to narrow economic gaps across member countries. However, EU countries agreed on July 21, 2020 to develop, for the first time, countercyclical fiscal transfers financed by common debt issuance. We discuss the potential of this instrument to contribute to improve the resilience of the eurozone.
Effect of astragaloside on diaphragm cell apoptosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wang Li , Tan Yan , Gao Lin , Lei Jing , Chen Chen , Shi Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to discuss the effects and relative mechanisms of astragaloside (AST) on diaphragm cell apoptosis in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methodsThe mouse models of COPD were established by passive smoking. The pathological changes in lung and diaphragm tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and evaluating the number of apoptotic cells of the diaphragm via a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling assay. The relative protein expression levels of AKT, p‐AKT, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9 were measured through immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay.ResultsIn comparison with the normal control mice, the pathological change and number of apoptotic cells deteriorated in the lung and diaphragm tissues of COPD model mice. With AST supplement, the pathological change and the number of apoptotic cells significantly improved (p < .05). With AKT inhibitor intervention, the effects of AST treatment disappeared. p‐AKT, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9 protein expression was stimulated in the model group but was depressed in the AST‐treated groups.ConclusionOur in vivo study revealed that AST improved COPD‐induced diaphragm apoptosis by regulating and depressing AKT activities.
Meaningfulness of work and supervisory‐rated job performance: A moderated‐mediation model
Authors: Fürstenberg Nils , Alfes Kerstin , Shantz Amanda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMeaningfulness of work has been heralded as one of the most important drivers of individual and organizational outcomes. However, the extent to which this critical psychological state manifests itself in the workplace and contributes to positive job performance is not yet fully understood. In this article, we draw from broaden‐and‐build theory to suggest that meaningfulness enhances employees' promotive voice behaviors, which in turn are positively related to job performance ratings by their leaders. We also suggest that leader–member relationships strengthen this mediational process. An analysis of survey data of 249 employees with matched lagged performance appraisal data supported our hypotheses. This study is important because it demonstrates that meaningfulness is not only associated with positive attitudinal responses and individual well‐being, but also holds value for organizations in that it fosters desirable workplace behaviors such as job performance.
Estimating Sustainable Fish Production: Effect on Fish Consumption Rates Used to Develop Remediation Goals at Contaminated Sediment Sites
Authors: Pfeiffer Danielle , Anderson Paul D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The long-term fish consumption rate (also referred to as the “usual fish consumption rate” [UFCR]) is a critical assumption in the derivation of human health remedial goals for contaminated sediments. At many sites, remedial goals are established using fish consumption rates based on information available from surveys of the general population or of specific highly exposed populations. To be protective of human health, remedial goals are often established using those high-end fish consumption rates. However, high-end fish consumption rates may overestimate the amount of fish that can be sustainably harvested and consumed and, thus, lead to remedial goals that may not be representative of long-term consumption from the contaminated portion of a water body. This paper presents a methodology to estimate the amount of edible fish that can be harvested sustainably from a contaminated sediment site. The methodology requires 1) estimating the total fish productivity of the area of contaminated sediments, 2) estimating the portion of total productivity that can be harvested sustainably, and 3) determining the portion of the sustainable harvest that is edible fish tissue. Estimates of total fish production rate (TFPR) and the proportion of such harvest that can be harvested sustainably rely primarily on available compilations of TFPR and harvest measurements across a range of water bodies throughout the world. Estimates of the fraction of whole fresh fish that is consumed rely on information available from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The methodology is used to develop sustainable UFCRs for 4 hypothetical water bodies with distinct characteristics and to compare the UFCRs to commonly used default fish consumption rates. Estimates of sustainable production provide risk managers valuable perspective about the benefits realized by cleanup of contaminated sediment sites. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:584–596. © 2020 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Risk assessments that consider fish consumption exposures at contaminated sites do not generally consider whether the fish consumption rate used to estimate risk can be sustained for the long term. This paper presents a method to estimate site-specific sustainable long-term fish consumption rates for contaminated sites. The methodology incorporates the long established and accepted concept that fish production is limited and that only a fraction of that production can be sustainably harvested, thus limiting the amount of fish that can be produced, affected by, and consumed from a contaminated site. Application of this methodology showed that small contaminated sites are unlikely to sustain even a single person eating fish at a high-end consumption rate, whereas consumption rates at larger contaminated sites may be limited by the total number of people eating fish from that water body.
Dysregulated thyroid hormones correlate with anxiety and depression risk in patients with autoimmune disease
Authors: Wu Xiaorong , Zhang Kaikai , Xing Yulong , Zhou Wei , Shao Yanqiu , Li Guizheng , Rui Qing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune disease (AID) patients always present with increased risk of psychiatric disorders, and thyroid function or thyroid hormone may play a critical role in the development of anxiety and depression. Thus, this study aimed to assess the free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and their correlations with anxiety/depression in patients with AID.MethodsNinety‐eight AID patients and 100 health controls (HCs) were recruited. Serum samples were obtained from all the participants to detect FT3, FT4, and TSH levels. Anxiety and depression were determined using the HADS assessment.ResultsHADS‐Anxiety score, anxiety subject percentage, HADS‐Depression score, and depression subject proportion were elevated in AID patients compared with HCs. FT3 and FT4 were downregulated while TSH was upregulated in AID patients compared with HCs. In AID patients, FT3 and FT4 negatively correlated with HADS‐Anxiety score, and they were downregulated in patients with anxiety compared to patients without anxiety. Meanwhile, FT3 and FT4 were negatively associated while TSH level positively associated with HADS‐Depression score. Besides, FT3 and FT4 reduced, but TSH level was of no difference in patients with depression compared to patients without depression. Additionally, increased FT4 independently correlated with both reduced anxiety risk and depression risk.ConclusionsFT3, FT4, and TSH are dysregulated, and FT4 has the potential to serve as an independent biomarker related to anxiety as well as depression in AID patients. These findings may provide some information on the values of thyroid hormones in facilitating the management of AID patients with anxiety/depression.
Characterization of elemental distribution across human dentin‐enamel junction by scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhao Donggao , Wang Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe human dentin‐enamel junction (DEJ) is a natural junction that unites two dissimilar mineralized tissues in the human tooth: enamel and dentin. DEJ plays a critical role in maintaining structural and functional integrity of the tooth. However, its structure, chemical composition and function remain unclear and controversial. Systematic investigation of elemental distribution across human DEJ is still lacking in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the elemental distributions of Ca, P, O, C, N, Na, and Mg across the DEJ of human teeth using scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy of X‐ray. The results revealed abrupt changes in the distributions of six elements (C, N, Ca, P, Na, and Mg) across the DEJ. Specifically, the four mineral elements showed similar level of change in distribution, with Ca, P, Na decreasing while Mg increasing by 21%–25% from enamel to dentin side of the DEJ. The two organic elements C and N showed much larger changes in distribution, with C increasing by ~150% and N increasing by ~270% from enamel to dentin side of the DEJ. The slope of the distribution curves across the DEJ was estimated to be ~2 μm in width and coincided with the phase intermixing of the micro‐scallop structure of the DEJ.
Quality of Life After Violent Crime: The Impact of Acute Stress Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Other Consequences
Authors: Lefebvre Chanelle , Fortin Christophe , Guay Stéphane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVictims of violent crime (VVC) are at risk of developing acute stress disorder (ASD) and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, VVC are more likely to have low social support due to stigmatization and victim‐blaming, and PTSD is frequently associated with depression, anxiety, and impaired quality of life (QoL). The present study aimed to determine the impact of ASD, PTSD, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived social support in relation to four domains of QoL among VVC. Individuals were recruited as part of a longitudinal study assessing the efficacy of a brief cognitive behavioral treatment for ASD. Participants (N = 127) were interviewed and completed self‐report measures within 30 days of experiencing a violent crime (T0) and at assessments 2 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) after the event. Depressive symptoms, ASD, and PTSD were found to be associated with lower QoL ratings in all four domains. Anxiety symptoms were found to be associated with lower ratings in the physical health and psychological QoL domains. Perceived social support was found to be associated with higher QoL ratings in all domains. The proportions of QoL variance explained by the combined fixed and random effects combined ranged from 70% to 79%. Future research considerations include an examination of how early interventions for VVC could prevent QoL deterioration by targeting ASD and PTSD development, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and social support.
Development of pathological reconstructed high‐resolution images using artificial intelligence based on whole slide image
Authors: Deng Yang , Feng Min , Jiang Yong , Zhou Yanyan , Qin Hangyu , Xiang Fei , Wang Yizhe , Bu Hong , Bao Ji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPathology plays a very important role in cancer diagnosis. The rapid development of digital pathology (DP) based on whole slide image (WSI) has led to many improvements in computer‐assisted diagnosis by artificial intelligence. The common digitization strategy is to scan the pathology slice with 20× or 40× objective, and the 40× objective requires excessive storage space and transmission time, which are significant negative factors in the popularization of DP. In this article, we present a novel reconstructed high‐resolution (HR) process based on deep learning to switch 20 × WSI to 40 × without the loss of whole and local features. Furthermore, we collected the WSI data of 100 uterine leiomyosarcomas and 100 adult granulosa cell tumors to test our reconstructed HR process. We tested the reconstructed HR WSI by the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, structural similarity, and the blind/reject image spatial quality evaluator, which were 42.03, 0.99, and 49.22, respectively. Subsequently, we confirmed the consistency between the actual and our reconstructed HR images. The testing results indicate that the reconstructed HR imaging is a reliable method for the digital slides of a variety of tumors and can be available on a large scale in clinical pathology as an innovative technique.
Video consultation as nursing practice during early in‐home care for premature infants and families viewed from the families' homes'
Authors: Hägi‐Pedersen Mai‐Britt , Kronborg Hanne , Norlyk Annelise 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study examined how communication between nurses and families in video consultations in a neonatal early in‐home care program unfolded in the context of parents' homes.DesignA qualitative study based on focused observations supported by audio‐recorded video consultations.MethodsThe data were collected through nine video consultations between nurses and families in an early in‐home care program. The transcribed material was examined using inductive content analysis.FindingsThe analyses revealed the following themes: “Setting the scene,” “Weight as a point of reference” and “The pros and cons of technology.” The video consultations unfolded in a relaxed atmosphere, but also as one‐way communication dominated by nurses, with the infant's weight as the focus. The study finds that a focus on training in video communication is needed to take full advantage of video consultations' potential.
A rapid review exploring nurse‐led memory clinics
Authors: Luck Kerrie E. , Doucet Shelley 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo systematically explore the structures, functions, outcomes, roles and nursing credentials of memory clinics where nurses autonomously lead diagnosis and postdiagnostic care.DesignA systematic rapid review was conducted.Data sourcesMEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL Full‐Text (EBSCO) and EMBASE were systematically searched in December 2019 with no timeframe limitations imposed.Review MethodsThe modified PRISMA checklist was used as a guide to facilitate the review. Articles identified were screened and assessed for inclusion criteria, and screening of reference lists of included studies was also completed.ResultsSix articles, published between 2011–2019, including two case studies, two descriptive reports, one qualitative study and one programme evaluation were included in the review. Nurse‐led memory clinics were situated in community centres, on university campuses, hospitals and in general practitioners' offices. The services offered included assessment, diagnosis and treatment/postdiagnostic care. Nurse credentials included advanced practice nurses and a community psychiatric nurse who was a non‐medical prescriber. Overall, there was low quantity and quality of evidence to evaluate outcomes.
SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cancer in a Large Integrated Health Care System in Northern California
Authors: Anantharaman Archana , Dusendang Jennifer R. , Schmittdiel Julie A. , Harzstark Andrea L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect many lives globally. Patients with cancer undergoing potentially immunosuppressive therapies appear to be at particular risk for the disease and its complications. Here, we describe the experience of patients with cancer within Kaiser Permanente, a large, integrated health system in Northern California. Between February 25, 2020, and June 8, 2020, 4,627 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 33 had active cancer treatment within 180 days and 214 had a history of cancer. Patients with active cancer treatment had a statistically higher risk of requiring noninvasive ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; confidence interval [CI], 1.10–6.01), and there was a nonsignificant trend toward higher risk of death (OR, 2.78; CI, 0.92–8.43). Those with a history of cancer had comparable outcomes to those without cancer. These data demonstrate an increased risk of complications from COVID-19 for patients with active cancer treatment.
Prevalence of pain and its association with symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and distress in 846 cancer patients: A cross sectional study
Authors: Unseld Matthias , Zeilinger Elisabeth L. , Fellinger Matthäus , Lubowitzki Simone , Krammer Katharina , Nader Ingo W. , Hafner Matthias , Kitta Anna , Adamidis Feroniki , Masel Eva K. , Preusser Matthias , Jäger Ulrich , Gaiger Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivePain depicts a severe physical symptom but its relationship to mental health problems is not well studied in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pain and its correlation with symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and psychological distress in a large sample of cancer patients.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2019, cancer patients who received outpatient treatment at the Medical University of Vienna were assessed with the Post‐Traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS‐10) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales. A visual analogue scale was used to assess pain perception. For statistical analysis, linear regression models were applied to log‐transformed data.ResultsOf the 846 cancer patients included in the study, 63.5% experienced pain (mild 43.5%, moderate 13.6%, severe 6.4%). About a third (31.2%) of the total sample presented with significant PTSD symptoms. Significant symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress were present in 13.9%, 15.1% and 25.3%, respectively. Women more often reported symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and distress. Pain scores were significantly related to symptoms of PTSD, depression and psychological distress (all with p < .001), but not to anxiety.ConclusionsResults show a high prevalence of experienced pain and indicate a clear association of elevated pain levels with psychiatric symptoms in oncological patients in a large Austrian sample. In order to decrease experienced pain and to enable better treatment of mental health problems in cancer patients, diagnostic procedures and interventions based on a biopsychosocial model need to be intensified.
Cystic fibrosis year in review 2019: Section 3 multisystem‐based care and research
Authors: Savant Adrienne P. , McColley Susanna A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring the year 2019, numerous research studies and other reports were published that are interesting and instructive to professionals who care for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their families.  This report is the third of 3 CF year in review articles and focuses on the multisystem manifestations of CF care. Previous articles have addressed cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator modulators and reports on CF pulmonary disease and airway infections. It is an exciting time to be involved in care and research that aims to improve care for people with CF and their families.
NaCl‐Promoted Hierarchically Porous Carbon Self‐Co‐Doped with Iron and Nitrogen for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Chen Guodong , Wang Xilong , Yang Chen , Liang Han‐Pu , Wang Zonghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExploring low‐cost, highly effective and durable nonprecious electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key issue for large‐scale applications of fuel cell technology. However, preparation of Fe−N−C ORR catalysts using biomass without any external sources containing nitrogen and iron elements has rarely been reported. In this paper, hierarchically porous carbon self‐co‐doped with Fe and N promoted by NaCl has been successfully synthesized through a facile one‐step pyrolysis method using pig blood curds (PBCs) without any external Fe and N. Besides, Fe and N are uniformly dispersed within the as‐synthesized electrocatalysts. Electrochemical tests showed that the best performing Fe−N−C electrocatalyst exhibited superior ORR catalytic activity with a positive half‐wave potential of 0.834 V vs. RHE and a high limiting current density of 5.6 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the as‐synthesized electrocatalyst also showed remarkable long‐term stability as well as superior methanol tolerance, outperforming commercial Pt/C. The facile synthesis of high‐performance Fe−N−C electrocatalysts derived from PBCs using NaCl as the pore former provides fundamental insight and offers important guidelines for the future design of biomass‐derived carbons in specific energy applications.
Anion effects on the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 on ZrO2(s) in aqueous systems
Authors: Toijer Elin , Jonsson Mats 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVarious oxide surfaces have been shown to catalyze H2O2 decomposition, resulting in the intermediate formation of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. In this work, the impact of bromide, chloride, and perchlorate separately and in combination with bicarbonate on the reaction between H2O2 and ZrO2 was investigated. The reaction was studied by monitoring the concentration of H2O2 as a function of time, and by probing the hydroxyl radical production using tris as a scavenger and monitoring the product formaldehyde. The most significant impact was seen in the presence of Br− and Br−/HCO3−. Br− significantly increases the H2O2 decomposition rate and the yield of formaldehyde, whereas the combination of Br−/HCO3− was shown to decrease the H2O2 decomposition rate as well as the yield of formaldehyde. The increased formaldehyde yield is explained by its formation in reaction with Br2•−. This contrasts the previous assumption that formaldehyde is only formed upon hydrogen abstraction from tris.
Preparation of Al/Ni Nano‐composite Particles via Replacement Reaction and Their Characterization
Authors: Li Yaning , Chen Yu , Cui Wenhao , Tang Wenjie , Wang Boliang , Han Zhiwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo improve the ignition and combustion properties of n‐Al powders, n‐Al/Ni composite particles were prepared by replacement reaction under alkaline environment. In the anhydrous ethanol system, the effect of solution parameters on sample preparation was studied, and the preparation technology of n‐Al/Ni was accordingly optimized. The chemical constituents, phase, morphology and combustion performances of n‐Al/Ni were characterized by chemical titration, XRD, SEM, EDS and combustion duration test, respectively. The results showed that the optimized replacement reaction method can modify the n‐Al powders by nickel well, and it was appropriate to use OH−1 corresponding to consume 60 % alumina in the n‐Al powders and Ni2+ equal to 12.35 % mass fraction of n‐Al powders. It can be seen from the SEM images that the samples have a dispersive spherical morphology with a uniform distribution of nickel overall the samples. And the XRD results confirmed that nickel exists in the samples as a metallic substance. The results of chemical titration indicated that the content of active aluminum in the optimal sample was slightly higher than that of raw n‐Al, but considering Ni, the content of reactive substance in the sample was greatly increased. The combustion duration test also proved that the combustion performance of n‐Al/Ni was significantly improved. In conclusion, the improved properties promise a further enhanced prospect of n‐Al in energetic materials.