bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new high‐resolution melt curve eDNA assay to monitor the simultaneous presence of invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta) and endangered galaxiids
Authors: Minett Jessica F. , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Brickle Paul , Consuegra Sofia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBrown trout are highly invasive in the Southern Hemisphere where they support important sport fisheries and aquaculture activities, which may impact endangered native galaxiid fishes and cause conflicts. To protect native galaxiids it is essential to monitor changes in species distributions, but this can be difficult when species are rare or difficult to sample. We developed and validated, both in the laboratory and in the field, a new assay using a high‐resolution melt curve (HRM)‐eDNA approach to simultaneously detect the presence of two threatened native galaxiids (Aplochiton zebra and Aplochiton taeniatus) and the invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta). Using this method, we found brown trout in 30% of the sampled waterbodies and Aplochiton sp. in 15% of them. Galaxiids were solely identified as being present in rivers that lacked brown trout, with both native species coexisting in two of the three rivers where they were detected, despite their different niche preferences. These assays can be used to monitor threatened zebra trout as well as invasive brown trout populations, allowing conservation managers to target areas for intervention.
Human CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells in healthy individuals and patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Hofland Tom , Martens Anne W.J. , van Bruggen Jaco A.C. , de Boer Renate , Schetters Sjoerd , Remmerswaal Ester B.M. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Levin Mark‐David , Bins Adriaan D. , Eldering Eric , Kater Arnon P. , Tonino Sanne H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer therapy, but varying response rates illustrate the need for biomarkers of response. Studies in mice have identified a subset of CD8 T cells that is essential for response to PD‐1 ICB. These CD8 T cells co‐express CXCR5, PD‐1 and Tcf1, and provide effector T cells upon PD‐1 ICB. It is unknown whether similar T cells play a role in PD‐1 ICB in humans.We studied human peripheral blood and lymph nodes (LNs) for the frequency, phenotype, and functionality of CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells. We find that CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells are memory‐like cells, express Tcf1, and lack expression of effector molecules. CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells produce cytokines upon stimulation, but have limited proliferative capacity. We studied patients with hematologic malignancies with varying response rates to PD‐1 ICB. Specifically in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in which PD‐1 ICB does not induce clinical responses, CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells show loss of the memory phenotype and increased effector differentiation.In conclusion, we identified CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells in human peripheral blood and LN, which could play a similar role during PD‐1 ICB. Future studies should analyze CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells during PD‐1 ICB and their importance for therapeutic response.
An optimization method for uniform flow distribution in the manifold of server cabinet
Authors: Chen Fan , Liu Yu , Cui Zheng , Shao Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIndirect liquid cooling technique using the water‐cooled plate is an important way to cool the server. The manifold is the key component to connect the water‐cooled plates of servers. The flow distribution inside is directly related to the energy consumption of the cooling system. This paper proposed an optimization method for designing the manifold to obtain the uniform flow for each branch. Furthermore, to calculate the diameter distribution of the manifold, the pressure distribution model of the flow network is developed by applying the principle of equal pressure drops for each branch. Subsequently, the proposed model is validated by the finite element method under the turbulence condition. Investigations of the effects of static pressure variation coefficient, local loss, and frictional loss on the accuracy of proposed method reveal that the coefficient of variation in static pressure has a significant influence and the local loss has a slight effect. In addition, more precise calculations of the frictional loss can improve the accuracy of this method.
An empirical investigation of performance challenges within context‐aware content sharing for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Farooqui M. Najmul Islam , Khan Muhammad Mubashir , Arshad Junaid , Shafiq Omair 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConnected vehicles is a leading use‐case within the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which is aimed at automating a range of driving tasks such as navigation, accident avoidance, content sharing, and auto‐driving. Such systems leverage vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and include vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to roadside infrastructure communication along with remote systems such as traffic alerts and weather reports. However, the device endpoints in such networks are typically resource‐constrained and, therefore, leverage edge computing, wireless communications, and data analytics to improve the overall driving experience, influencing factors such as safety, reliability, comfort, response, and economic efficiency. Our focus in this article is to identify and highlight open challenges to achieve a secure and efficient convergence between the constrained IoT devices and the high‐performance capabilities offered by the clouds. Therein, we present a context‐aware content‐sharing scenario for VANETs and identify specific requirements for its achievement. We also conduct a comparative study of simulation software for edge computing paradigm to identify their strengths and weaknesses, especially within the context of VANETs. We use FogNetSim++ to simulate diverse settings within VANETs with respect to latency and data rate highlighting challenges and opportunities for future research.
Butterfly dichromatism primarily evolved via Darwin's, not Wallace's, model
Authors: van der Bijl Wouter , Zeuss Dirk , Chazot Nicolas , Tunström Kalle , Wahlberg Niklas , Wiklund Christer , Fitzpatrick John L. , Wheat Christopher W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSexual dimorphism is typically thought to result from sexual selection for elaborated male traits, as proposed by Darwin. However, natural selection could reduce expression of elaborated traits in females, as proposed by Wallace. Darwin and Wallace debated the origins of dichromatism in birds and butterflies, and although evidence in birds is roughly equal, if not in favor of Wallace's model, butterflies lack a similar scale of study. Here, we present a large-scale comparative phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of butterfly coloration, using all European non-hesperiid butterfly species (n = 369). We modeled evolutionary changes in coloration for each species and sex along their phylogeny, thereby estimating the rate and direction of evolution in three-dimensional color space using a novel implementation of phylogenetic ridge regression. We show that male coloration evolved faster than female coloration, especially in strongly dichromatic clades, with male contribution to changes in dichromatism roughly twice that of females. These patterns are consistent with a classic Darwinian model of dichromatism via sexual selection on male coloration, suggesting this model was the dominant driver of dichromatism in European butterflies.
An algorithm for analysis of pressure losses in heated channels
Authors: Panday S. , Floryan J. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA spectrally accurate and very efficient algorithm suitable for prediction of pressure losses in heated grooved channels has been developed. Heating and topography patterns are used to create spatial flow modulations resulting in a pattern interaction problem. Search for combinations of patterns resulting in the reduction of pressure losses requires development of a very accurate and efficient algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses a combination of the Fourier expansions in the horizontal directions and the Chebyshev expansions in the vertical direction to provide a very good resolution of the near wall regions. The immersed boundary conditions (IBC) method is used to enforce flow boundary conditions at the geometrically irregular boundaries. The resulting gridless discretization can be easily adapted to handle a wide range of topography patterns. Various tests demonstrate that the algorithm delivers spectral accuracy and can provide machine level accuracy. Comparisons with the standard open‐source codes based either on the finite volume or on the spectral element discretization demonstrate several orders of magnitude better efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Stock index forecasting: A new fuzzy time series forecasting method
Authors: Wu Hao , Long Haiming , Wang Yue , Wang Yanqi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a new fuzzy time series forecasting model based on technical analysis, affinity propagation (AP) clustering, and a support vector regression (SVR) model. Technical analysis indicators are divided into three categories to construct multivariate fuzzy logical relationships. AP clustering without specifying the number of clusters is used to obtain a suitable partition for the universe of discourse, and the representative exemplars are generated as defuzzied values. The SVR model is employed to explore the unrecognized relationships and modify the forecasts. In addition, the error‐based evaluation criteria are applied to evaluate the methods. The performance of the method is evaluated using the Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX), Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P500), and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) dataset, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms some classic models.
The tensor auto‐regressive model
Authors: Hill Chelsey , Li James , Schneider Matthew J. , Wells Martin T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe introduce the tensor auto‐regressive (TAR) model for modeling time series data, which is found to be robust to model misspecification, seasonality, and nonlinear trends. We develop a parameter estimation algorithm for the proposed model by using the 𝑡‐product, which allows us to model a three‐dimensional block of parameters. We use the fast Fourier transform, which allows for efficient and parallelizable computation. We use a combination of simulated data and an empirical application to: (i) validate the model, including seasonal and geometric trends, model misspecification analysis, and bootstrapping to compute standard errors; (ii) present model selection results; and (iii) demonstrate the performance of the proposed model against benchmarking and competitive forecasting methods. Our results indicate that our model performs well against comparable methods and is robust and computationally efficient.
Novel guanidine compounds inhibit platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha transcription and oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation
Authors: Medved Jelena , Wood William M. , van Heyst Michael D. , Sherafat Amin , Song Ju‐Young , Sakya Sagune , Wright Dennis L. , Nishiyama Akiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2 cells or polydendrocytes, are distributed widely throughout the developing and mature central nervous system. They remain proliferative throughout life and are an important source of myelinating cells in normal and demyelinating brain as well as a source of glioma, the most common type of primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. OPC proliferation is dependent on signaling mediated by platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) AA binding to its alpha receptor (PDGFRα). Here, we describe a group of structurally related compounds characterized by the presence of a basic guanidine group appended to an aromatic core that is effective in specifically repressing the transcription of Pdgfra but not the related beta receptor (Pdgfrb) in OPCs. These compounds specifically and dramatically reduced proliferation of OPCs but not that of astrocytes and did not affect signal transduction by PDGFRα. These findings suggest that the compounds could be further developed for potential use in combinatorial treatment strategies for neoplasms with dysregulated PDGFRα function.
Preventing depression among older people living in rural areas: A randomised controlled trial of behavioural activation in collaborative care
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P. , Patel Hema , Kelly Rachael , Ford Andrew , Flicker Leon , Robinson Suzanne , Araya Ricardo , Gilbody Simon , Thompson Sandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to test if a behavioural activation (BA) programme was more effective than usual care at reducing the risk of conversion to major depression over 52 weeks among adults aged 65 years or older living in rural Western Australia. Secondary aims were to test if participants assigned to the BA intervention experienced greater decline in the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms than older adults treated with usual care over 26 and 52 weeks, as well as greater improvement in physical and mental health‐related quality of life.MethodsRandomised controlled clinical trial that started recruitment in February 2016 in rural Western Australia. We used the electoral roll to invite adults aged 65 years or over living in suitable regions of Western Australia to take part in the study. We recruited those who consented and screened positive to at least one of the two Whooley questions: feeling down/depressed/hopeless or little interest or pleasure over the past month. Participants were randomly assigned to usual care or usual care plus a phone‐delivered BA program (1:1). The intervention consisted of a self‐managed BA program supported by three 45‐min phone sessions delivered by a BA therapist over a period of 8 weeks. We used the DSM‐5 criteria to establish the presence of a major depressive episode, and Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale and SF‐36 to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety and quality of life.ResultsOf the 309 older adults randomised, 307 started the trial: 153 usual care and 154 BA (computer‐generated random permuted even blocks ranging in size from 8 to 20). Six participants developed a major depressive episode during follow‐up, four of them in the usual care group (odds ratio of depression associated with the intervention = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.04, 3.49—blind assessment). Seventy‐three (23.8%) participants were lost over 52 weeks—there were no differences between usual care and intervention group. Intention‐to‐treat analyses using mixed regression models found modest non‐significant effects of the BA intervention, while complete‐case analyses showed that participants treated with BA compared with usual care experienced significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms over 52 weeks, as well as improved mental health quality of life.ConclusionsFew participants developed a major depressive episode during follow‐up. The BA intervention was associated with improved symptoms of depression and anxiety, although the clinical significance of these benefits remains unclear.
Reframing dementia: Nursing students' relational learning with rather than about people with dementia. A constructivist grounded theory study
Authors: Grosvenor Wendy , Gallagher Ann , Banerjee Sube 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesDeveloping an informed and effective workforce that provides effective and ethical care to people with dementia and their families is an international priority. Here we explore the impact of a novel approach on students of adult nursing. It involved engagement with people with dementia and their carers over 3 years in the Time for Dementia Programme. This research explored students' perceptions of their professional learning and practice.MethodsA longitudinal, constructivist grounded theory approach in three phases (3 years) was used. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 12 students of adult nursing following visits with older adults with dementia and their carers in their own homes at 12 months, 24 months and at 36 months. A constant comparative analysis of transcribed interviews was completed.ResultsA new theory of Whole Sight was identified as representing the impact of the learning that occurred as a consequence of relational learning visits. The core category of New Ways of Seeing dementia represented a broadening of students' views of dementia that encompassed the person's lives and relationships. This led to a person‐centred shift in students' practice. The data suggest that Time for Dementia can help students to be active in their contribution to care and serve as change agents in transforming dementia care.ConclusionsThe theory of Whole Sight that emerged is a novel and useful contribution to the evidence on community‐based educational initiatives. Visiting people with dementia and their carers at home in training can help develop a workforce that meets their needs.
Evaluating brain structure traits as endophenotypes using polygenicity and discoverability
Authors: Matoba Nana , Love Michael I. , Stein Jason L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman brain structure traits have been hypothesized to be broad endophenotypes for neuropsychiatric disorders, implying that brain structure traits are comparatively “closer to the underlying biology.” Genome‐wide association studies from large sample sizes allow for the comparison of common variant genetic architectures between traits to test the evidence supporting this claim. Endophenotypes, compared to neuropsychiatric disorders, are hypothesized to have less polygenicity, with greater effect size of each susceptible SNP, requiring smaller sample sizes to discover them. Here, we compare polygenicity and discoverability of brain structure traits, neuropsychiatric disorders, and other traits (91 in total) to directly test this hypothesis. We found reduced polygenicity (FDR = 0.01) and increased discoverability (FDR = 3.68 × 10−9) of cortical brain structure traits, as compared to aggregated estimates of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. We predict that ~8 M individuals will be required to explain the full heritability of cortical surface area by genome‐wide significant SNPs, whereas sample sizes over 20 M will be required to explain the full heritability of depression. In conclusion, our findings are consistent with brain structure satisfying the higher power criterion of endophenotypes.
Outcomes at 6 months are related to brain structural and white matter microstructural reorganization in idiopathic tinnitus patients treated with sound therapy
Authors: Chen Qian , Lv Han , Wang Zhaodi , Wei Xuan , Zhao Pengfei , Yang Zhenghan , Gong Shusheng , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to explore brain structural and white matter microstructural reorganization in the early stage of tinnitus and identify brain alterations that contribute to its relief after 6 months of sound therapy. We studied 64 patients with idiopathic tinnitus, including 29 patients who were categorized into an effective group (EG) and 35 who were categorized into an ineffective group (IG) according to the 6‐month follow‐up improvement of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score, along with 63 healthy controls (HCs). All participants underwent structural and diffusion tensor imaging scanning on a 3‐T magnetic resonance system. Differences in brain gray/white matter volume and white matter microstructure were evaluated using voxel‐based morphometry analysis and tract‐based spatial statistics among the three groups. Associations between brain reorganization and the improvement of tinnitus symptoms were also investigated. Compared with EG patients, IG patients experienced a significant gray matter volume decrease in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG)/right precentral gyrus (PreCG). Meanwhile, both EG and IG patients showed significant changes (decrease or increase) in brain white matter integrity in the auditory‐related or nonauditory‐related white matter fiber tracts compared with HCs, while EG patients showed decreased axial diffusivity in the bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) compared with IG patients. We combined the gray matter change of the MFG/PreCG and the white matter integrity of the bilateral MCP as an imaging indicator to evaluate the patient's prognosis and screen patients before treatment; this approach reached a sensitivity of 77.1% and a specificity of 82.8%. Our study suggests that there was a close relationship between brain reorganization and tinnitus improvement. The right MFG/PreCG and bilateral MCP may be indicators that can be used to predict prognoses in patients with idiopathic tinnitus and may be used to screen patients before sound therapy. These findings may provide new useful information that can lead to a better understanding of the tinnitus mechanism.
Vulnerable, Fragile, and Endangered? Financial Rhetoric and Reality at Regional Public Universities
Authors: McClure Kevin R. , Fryar Alisa Hicklin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent reporting and research have claimed that some regional public universities are vulnerable, fragile, and endangered. However, much of what we know about the financial conditions of RPUs is limited to cases of financial crisis that capture national attention yet fail to fully represent the sector. The purpose of this chapter is to more deeply and directly probe the financial conditions of RPUs based on several financial metrics from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), as well information gleaned from credit agencies, such at Moody's and Standard and Poor's, federal accountability systems like Heightened Cash Monitoring, and publicly available financial health assessments. Analysis of this data shows that while there are significant financial challenges and a small number of institutions face acute financial stress, framing the entire sector as imperiled is not warranted.
Doing the Same (or More) With Less: The Challenges Regional Public Universities Face in Serving Rural Populations
Authors: Koricich Andrew , Tandberg David , Bishop Brandon , Weeden Dustin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRegional public universities play a critical role in providing postsecondary education access in rural communities. This chapter explores that role by considering the distribution of these institutions across geographic areas and how that shapes the postsecondary options available to rural students. Federal data are used to demonstrate disparities in revenue sources between rural institutions and those in cities and suburbs, and a recent survey of individuals leading state higher education agencies and systems highlights the most pressing issues rural‐serving institutions face today. Policy recommendations in this chapter include the expansion of rural broadband access and increased expenditures on instructional activities. The chapter concludes with a call for additional research on rural students’ retention and completion outcomes, in‐college experiences of rural students, and the specific financial challenges facing rural‐serving institutions.