bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variability in tree responses to elevated atmospheric CO2
Authors: Lauriks Fran , Salomón Roberto Luis , Steppe Kathy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAt leaf level, elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) results in stimulation of carbon net assimilation and reduction of stomatal conductance. However, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of eCO2 at larger temporal (seasonal and annual) and spatial (from leaf to whole‐tree) scales is still lacking. Here, we review overall trends, magnitude and drivers of dynamic tree responses to eCO2, including carbon and water relations at the leaf and the whole‐tree level. Spring and early season leaf responses are most susceptible to eCO2 and are followed by a down‐regulation towards the onset of autumn. At the whole‐tree level, CO2 fertilization causes consistent biomass increments in young seedlings only, whereas mature trees show a variable response. Elevated CO2‐induced reductions in leaf stomatal conductance do not systematically translate into limitation of whole‐tree transpiration due to the unpredictable response of canopy area. Reduction in the end‐of‐season carbon sink demand and water‐limiting strategies are considered the main drivers of seasonal tree responses to eCO2. These large temporal and spatial variabilities in tree responses to eCO2 highlight the risk of predicting tree behavior to eCO2 based on single leaf–level point measurements as they only reveal snapshots of the dynamic responses to eCO2.
Getting a Grip on the Performance of Collaborations: Examining Collaborative Performance Regimes and Collaborative Performance Summits
Authors: Douglas Scott , Ansell Chris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCollaborative governance is popular among practitioners and scholars, but getting a grip on the performance of collaborations remains a challenge. Recent research has made progress by identifying appropriate performance measures, yet managing performance also requires appropriate performance routines. This article brings together insights from collaborative governance and performance management to conceptualize collaborative performance regimes; the collection of routines used by actors working together on a societal issue to explicate their goals, exchange performance information, examine progress, and explore performance improvement actions. The concept of regimes is made concrete by focusing on the specific routine of organizing a collaborative performance summit; a periodic gathering where partners review their joint performance. Such summits are both manifestations of the performance regime and potential turning points for regime change. Using three local public health collaborations as illustration, this article offers a framework for understanding collaborative performance regimes, summits, and the dynamics between them.
Co‐creating ambitious climate change mitigation goals: The Copenhagen experience
Authors: Sørensen Eva , Torfing Jacob 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent research argues that complex problems such as climate change are best tackled through co‐creation, which brings together public and private actors, including citizens, neighborhoods, and civil society organizations, in collaborative processes that define problems and design and implement solutions that produce innovative public value outcomes. This article explores the viability of co‐creation as a strategy for achieving ambitious CO2 emissions reductions in the City of Copenhagen, Denmark. It analyses the starting conditions, the co‐creation processes, the drivers and barriers, the positive results and outcomes, and the role of institutional design and leadership in an effort to understand the actual use of co‐creation in city‐level climate governance. The main finding is that institutional, discursive, and political barriers create a discrepancy between the commitment to and actual use of co‐creation, but also that a new focus on consumption and transport among citizens may lead to stronger future waves of co‐creation.
Collagen Cross‐Linking Is Associated With Cardiac Remodeling in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bi Xuanye , Song Yanyan , Song Yunhu , Yuan Jiansong , Cui Jingang , Zhao Shihua , Qiao Shubin 
Published: December 2020

Background
Collagen cross‐linking is covalent bonds among collagen fibers from catalysis of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). We aimed to evaluate the formation of enzymatic and nonenzymatic collagen cross‐linking and its clinical significance in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

Forty‐four patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy who underwent surgical myectomy were consecutively enrolled. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance parameters of left atrial/left ventricular function were measured, including peak filling rate (PFR) and early peak emptying rate (PER‐E). Total collagen was the sum of soluble and insoluble collagen, which were assessed by collagen assay. The myocardial LOX and AGEs expression were measured by molecular and biochemical methods. Compared with patients without atrial fibrillation, insoluble collagen (
P
=0.018), insoluble collagen fraction (
P
=0.017), and AGEs (
P
=0.039) were higher in patients with atrial fibrillation, whereas LOX expression was similar (
P
=0.494). The insoluble collagen fraction was correlated with PFR index (PFR normalized by left ventricular filling volume) (r=−0.44,
P
=0.005), left atrial diameters (r=0.36,
P
=0.021) and PER‐E index (PER‐E normalized by left ventricular filling volume) (r=−0.49,
P
=0.001).Myocardial LOX was positively correlated with total collagen (r=0.37,
P
=0.025) and insoluble collagen fraction (r=0.53,
P
< 0.001), but inversely correlated with PFR index (r=−0.43,
P
=0.006) and PER‐E index (r=−0.35,
P
=0.027). In multiple regression analysis, myocardial LOX was independently associated with PFR, while insoluble collagen fraction showed independent correlation with PER‐E after adjustment for clinical confounders.

Conclusions
Collagen cross‐linking plays an important role on heart remodeling in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Myocardial LOX expression is independently correlated with left ventricular stiffness, while accumulation of AGEs cross‐links might be associated with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
Hugo Grotius’s De societate publica cum infidelibus, Justifying overseas expansionism or religious toleration?
Authors: de Wilde Marc 
Published: December 2020

Summary
This article provides an analysis of an unpublished manuscript of Hugo Grotius, entitled De societate publica cum infidelibus, ‘On public partnership with infidels’. In the text, Grotius examines the legal conditions under which Christians may enter into treaties and alliances with non-Christians. Grotius’s text has been interpreted by Peter Borschberg and Martine van Ittersum as a justification of the Dutch commercial and military policies in the East Indies. However, as this article shows, Grotius probably conceived of De societate as a more general treatise, which related not only to the East Indian context, but also to the domestic debate about the legal position of non-Christians in the Dutch Republic. The same arguments that served as a justification for overseas expansionism could thus serve as a justification for religious toleration in the domestic context.
Zen and the Art of Librarianship
Authors: Barrett T. H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper explores widely held misconceptions about the publishing of East Asian religious books, bibliographies and canons connected to a tradition that appears to foreswear books altogether – Zen Buddhism in China and Japan. Zen and East Asian Buddhist librarianship are also considered here in terms of a rich history of book collecting, printing, and distributing in China and in Europe.
The White Lotus Movement and the Use of Chan
Authors: ter Haar Barend J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this brief investigation, the author looks at the use of elements of Chan practice in Chinese religious culture in the Yuan period, with a particular focus on the White Lotus movement. The latter movement is often judged to be a Pure Land movement, but this as well as the Chan label are not very useful in understanding actual religious life and writing on the ground. Here the author assumes that the use of a speech-phrase (huatou), the anecdotes known as Public Case (gongan), and belief in a sudden enlightenment are typical of Chan practice. The famous apologist of the White Lotus movement, and Pure Land Buddhism more generally, Pudu 普度 (1255–1330) certainly shared this approach, and it seems that other adherents shared in this view. They all had a view of what Chan should be that did not even diverge very much from each other. They also felt that they were able to pronounce on what were right and wrong interpretations and did not see their own Pure Land practices and Chan practices as mutually exclusive.
Spiritual well-being and coronary artery diseases severity: Mediating effects of anger rumination and worry
Authors: Ramesh Somayeh , Besharat Mohammad Ali , Nough Hossein 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Biological and psychological factors contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and CAD severity and determine the mediating effects of anger rumination and worry on this relationship. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Setting: Afshar Hospital in Yazd, Iran. Method: Participants were 327 patients with CAD (138 women, 189 men). Spiritual well-being, anger rumination, worry and CAD severity were measured using demographic and medical information questionnaires, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Anger Rumination Scale, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Gensini method. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro. Results: CAD severity was negatively correlated with spiritual well-being ( r = –.62, p < .01) and positively correlated with anger rumination ( r = .58, p < .01) and worry ( r = .33, p < .01). The relationship between spiritual well-being and CAD severity was mediated by anger rumination. The direct effect of spiritual well-being on CAD severity was statistically significant (β = –.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] [–.09, –.04]). We find a significant indirect effect of spiritual well-being on CAD severity through anger rumination (β = –.03, 95% CI [–.05, –.02]). Conclusion: These results highlight the potential benefits of spiritual well-being for patients with CAD to help them reduce anger rumination and, consequently, CAD severity.
Clot accumulation at the tip of hemodialysis catheters in a large animal model
Authors: Tal Michael G. , Livne Ron , Neeman Rotem 
Published: December 2020

Background: The issue of side holes in the tips of the tunneled cuffed central venous catheters is complex and has been subject to longstanding debate. This study sought to compare the clotting potential of the side-hole-free Pristine hemodialysis catheter with that of a symmetric catheter with side holes. Methods: Both jugular veins of five goats were catheterized with the two different catheters. The catheters were left in place for 4 weeks and were flushed and locked with heparin thrice weekly. The aspirated intraluminal clot length was assessed visually prior to each flushing. In addition, the size and weight of the clot were recorded upon catheter extraction at the end of the 4-week follow-up Results: The mean intraluminal clot length observed during the entire study follow-up measured up to a mean of 0.66 cm in the GlidePath (95% CI, 0.14–1.18) and 0.19 cm in the Pristine hemodialysis catheter (95% CI, −0.33 to 0.71), the difference being statistically significant ( p = 0.026). On average, 0.01 g and 0.07 g of intraluminal clot were retrieved from the Pristine and GlidePath catheters, respectively ( p = 0.052). Conclusion: The Pristine hemodialysis catheter was largely superior to a standard side hole catheter in impeding clot formation, and, contrary to the side hole catheter, allowed for complete aspiration of the intraluminal clot.
Effect of subconcussive impacts on functional outcomes over a single collegiate football season
Authors: Walter Alexa E , Scaramuzzo Madeleine , Bream Tim , Seidenberg Peter , Lynch Scott , Slobounov Semyon M 
Published: December 2020

Context In collision sports, particularly American football, athletes can accumulate thousands of subconcussive impacts, or head acceleration events (HAEs), across a single season; however, the short-term consequences of these impacts are not well understood. Objective To investigate the effects of the accumulation of impacts during practices on cognitive functions over a single football season. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Athletic training room and University laboratory. Participants Twenty-three NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision players. Main outcome measures Helmet accelerometers during practices and virtual reality testing (VR; balance, reaction time, spatial memory) before and after the season. Results Preseason had the majority of ≥80 G impacts while during the season had the majority of ≥25 G to <80 G impacts and positional differences showed that linemen had the majority of both types. Virtual reality analysis revealed that scores significantly decreased after the season for spatial navigation ( p < 0.05) but not for balance or reaction time. Significant correlations ( p < 0.05) were found between cognitive measures and player demographic variables. Conclusions Even in the absence of clinical symptoms and concussion diagnosis, repetitive impacts may cause cognitive alterations. Documenting the distribution of impact quantity and intensity as a function of time and position may be considered by coaches and clinicians to reduce the accumulation of impacts in athletes exposed in contact sports.
Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers with Chain End Modification: Polylactide, Poly(butylene succinate), and Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)
Authors: Chanthaset Nalinthip , Ajiro Hiroharu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Of the various synthetic biodegradable polymers, polylactide, poly(butylene succinate), and poly(hydroxyalkanoate) have been widely studied and developed. This review focuses on studies of the chain end modification of these polymers. The selected research was categorized into initiators, chain end modification, including chain extending, and the degradation reaction. We cover the recent literature on this topic, and discuss the developing trends and challenges of biodegradable polymers.
Partial stapedectomy versus stapedotomy: evaluation of functional outcomes
Authors: En-nouali Amine , Aljalil Abdelfattah , Hanine Mohammed A. , Darouassi Youssef Darouassi , Ammar Haddou 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Surgery is the treatment of choice for otosclerosis, its technical aspects are codified but varied and its functional results are usually excellent. The aim of this study was to compare the audiometric results obtained after partial stapedectomy and stapedotomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective review of records of patients who underwent stapes surgery for otosclerosis at Avicenna Military Hospital in Marrakesh (Morocco) from January 2008 to December 2018 was conducted. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Air conduction thresholds before (53.3±9.8 dB) and after (25.1±6.5) partial stapedectomy was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) and with stapedotomy before (56.4±7.2) and after (33.1±9.5) surgery also statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). However, air conduction thresholds between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.592). Preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) in partial stapedectomy cases was 28.7±8.6 dB and postoperative ABG was 5.7 ± 2.6 dB (p&lt;0.05). Preoperative ABG in patients who underwent stapedotomy was 31.2±6.4 dB and postoperative ABG was 7.5±5.2 dB (p&lt;0.05). ABG improvement in each group was statistically significant, but between the two groups it was not statistically significant (p=0.434). A greater ABG closure rate was observed after partial stapedectomy (81.4%) than after stapedotomy (74.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.236).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We can conclude that both techniques are effective and safe and that the decision of which technique to perform should depend on the experience and comfort level of the surgeon with either technique.</p><p> </p>
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of montelukast and levocetirizine FDC tablet compared to montelukast and levocetirizine tablet in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double blind, multicentre, phase III trial
Authors: Panchal Sagar , Patil Saiprasad , Barkate Hanmant 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> To evaluate efficacy, safety and tolerability of Montelukast 10 mg+levocetirizine 5 mg FDC compared to either montelukast 10 mg or levocetirizine 5 mg given alone in seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Phase III, multicentre, randomized, double blind, parallel group, active controlled study was conducted in 279 SAR patients at 16 sites across India. Efficacy was assessed using daytime nasal symptoms score (Primary efficacy outcome), night-time symptoms score, daytime eye symptom score, patient's global evaluation, physician's global evaluation, rhino-conjunctivitis quality-of-life score. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> At end of treatment there was statistically significant evidence from the per protocol analysis that patients on FDC had a greater improvement in change from baseline in daytime nasal symptoms score than patients who received Montelukast (p=0.0266) or Levocetirizine (p=0.0409). These results were consistent with the Intent to treat analysis. Analysis of the secondary efficacy endpoints provided numerically greater improvement in the nighttime symptoms score, daytime eye symptoms score, and rhinoconjunctivitis quality-of-life scores in the FDC group as compared to the Montelukast group or Levocetirizine group. The FDC of Montelukast and Levocetirizine was found to be safe and generally well tolerated. The majority of adverse events were mild in severity, resolved without treatment and were unrelated to study medication.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Fixed dose combination of Montelukast and Levocetirizine was safe, generally well tolerated and superior on efficacy compared to Montelukast or Levocetirizine in patients of seasonal allergic rhinitis.</p>
Study of clinical profile, complications and management of acquired cholesteatoma in pediatric age group: a retrospective study
Authors: . Rajneesh , Pawar Shradha , Valse Dinesh , Doddamani Anil Kumar 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media when delayed of early treatment results in complications. And the present study is conducted to evaluate the complications and management of acquired cholesteatoma in pediatric age group. Aim of the study was to highlight important aspects and paradigms of clinical profile of pediatric cholesteatoma, its complications and management</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective audit of total 15 cases of acquired paediatric cholesteatoma with complications were studied aged 4-14 years, for a period of 2 years from January 2018 to 2020, at a tertiary referral Centre and teaching hospital. An analysis was made about the clinical profile of pediatric acquired cholesteatoma, its complications and the overall management. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The male to female ratio was found to be 2:3. The most common presenting feature was foul smelling otorrhea, decreased hearing and earache with headache, fever in complicated cases. 9 cases among 15 (60%) had complications both intracranial and extra cranial. Surgery was the main modality of management of these conditions. Intraoperatively the major findings were cholesteatoma and granulation in the attic and mesotympanum with erosion of scutum. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Acquired cholesteatoma in children is more aggressive than adults, and likely to present with advanced disease with ossicular chain involvement. Patients with unreliable follow up and limited access to operating theatre, Canal Wall Down mastoidectomy is an optimal management for complete exposure and removal of cholesteatoma.</p>
Plasma ascorbic acid therapy and eosinophilic counts in allergic rhinitis: a pilot study
Authors: Munjal Manish , Singh Atul , Munjal Shubham , Verma Indu , Ghosh Abhra , Ahluwalia Sahil , Khurana Ajit Singh 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Role of plasma ascorbic acid in reducing the eosinophilic counts in subjects of allergic rhinitis was studied.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 60 patients were randomly selected from the Rhinology clinics of Oto- Rhino- laryngology and Head-Neck services of a tertiary health care facility. Shift in the eosinophilic counts in three groups of patients i.e., allergic rhinitis, placebo and control groups was analyzed and compared. The study was undertaken in a period of 1<sup>1/2</sup> years (June 2009 -January 2010) Blood eosinophilic count as %age of DLC was noted.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean eosinophilic count was elevated in allergic patients (8.009±2.91) with respect to that in the controls (4.70±1.26). It reverted to normal with treatment with vitamin C. No change was seen in the placebo group. (5.45±3.56).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Vitamin-c reduces the eosinophilic counts in allergic rhinitis.</p><p> </p>
Isolated middle ear anomalies: unfamiliar causes of conductive hearing loss: a case series
Authors: Vijayendra Honnurappa , Abhilasha Somashekhar , Vijayendra Vinay , Mahajan Nilesh 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract">In this paper, we highlighted on the various types of isolated congenital middle ear ossicular anomalies we had seen and managed. This is significant as these are rare and go undiagnosed for long period of time. The mainstay of managing these conditions includes proper and timely diagnosis and correction of conducting hearing loss. This was a retrospective case series study done over period of 3 years from July 2016 to June 2019 at a tertiary referral otology centre. The study comprised of 9 patients diagnosed with isolated middle ear anomalies and in total 11 operated ears for the same as two patients underwent bilateral treatment. Each case was handled differently according to the intra operative middle ear findings. We found that in all of our cases the HRCT findings were in correlation with our intra operative findings. All cases had excellent post-operative hearing outcomes. Isolated middle ear deformity even though rare to identity, with recent advancement it is possible to diagnose and treat it on time and hence reduce the disability experienced by the patient. Whatever the type of abnormalities, most of them could be corrected with appropriate ossicular reconstruction by preserving the normal existing anatomy and bypassing the anomalous part.</p><p> </p>
The human larynx physiological and pathophysiological aspects
Authors: Munjal Manish , Munjal Shubham , Sadhu Kanwarpreet , Gupta Vidushi , Badyal Hem Lata , Sidhu Joginder , Sharma Garima , Kaur Roop Harnoor 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract">In this era of minimally invasive surgical intervention s, the knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of the larynx is vital to the laryngologist. The conventional procedure of laryngeal surgery has been superseded by functional micro-laryngeal surgery whereby now the emphasis is not on removing the pathology but reverting the function of the larynx. The surgical intervention is at the superficial mucosal level only. The physiology and patho-physiology of the larynx needs introspection. </p>