bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stigmatization of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Ndokwa West Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Patricia Uzorma Ossaiga , Josiah Obaghwarhievwo Adjene , Helen Ego Chime , Mike Osagie Odigie 
Published: January 2020

Background: HIV/AIDS related stigmatization has been reported to be traced to several factors. Little or no knowledge on the illness, misapprehensions, as well as chauvinism against sufferers, to mention just a few.
Aim: In this study, the stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS in Ndokwa West Local Government Area (NWLGA) of Delta State, Nigeria, was investigated.
Methods: A total of 300 individuals comprising of, or related to HIV/AIDS sufferers were ethically recruited from the ten (10) communities in NWLGA using a well-structured and validated questionnaire. The data obtained from their responses were carefully analyzed and expressed in simple percentage.
Results: The results showed that about 61 (20.5%) subjects were individuals who resided in urban community and 237 (79.5%) of them in the rural settings. The results on the stigmatization against HIV/AIDS patients due to prejudice revealed that 100 (33.6%) of the respondents strongly disagreed that HIV/AIDS sufferers in the community should be disliked, while 128 (43%) of them disagree with about 50 (16.8%) agreeing and 20 (6.7%) of the respondents strongly agreeing. Furthermore, stigmatization attributable to stereotyping showed that 68 (22.8%) of the respondents strongly disagreed to that everyone infected with HIV/AIDS have high level of sexual promiscuity; were as, about 114 (38.3%) disagreed to that notion with 57 (19.1%) agreeing and 59 (19.8%) strongly agreeing to it. Moreover, HIV/AIDS stigmatization due to discrimination revealed that 66 (22.1%) of the respondents strongly disagreed on never hiring an HIV/AIDS sufferer as a worker. About 98 (32.9%) disagreed on this notion, while 106 (35.6%) of the respondents agreed and 74 (24.8%) strongly disagreeing. Respondents further added that PLWHA should not be employed in any institution or organization and that they should never rent accommodation to them.
Conclusion: Based on the results, stigmatization level of PLWHA was society and awareness dependent.
Recommendations: To cope with the associated menace of HIV/AIDS stigmatization, it is recommended that society be encouraged to evolve strategies, programs and governmental policies, geared towards enlightening and sensitizing the public on the non-transmittability of HIV/AIDS through contact with sufferers as erroneously believed.
Method of determining geometric patient size surrogates using localizer images in CT
Authors: Burton Christiane S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeSize‐specific dose estimates (SSDE) requires accurate estimates of patient size surrogates. AAPM Report 204 shows that the SSDE is the product of CTDIvol and a scaling factor, the normalized dose coefficient (NDC) which depends on patient size surrogates for CT axial images. However, SSDE can be determined from CT localizer prior to CT scanning. AAPM Report 220 charges that a magnification correction is needed for geometric patient size‐surrogates. In this study, we demonstrate a novel “model‐based” magnification correction on patient data.Methods573 patient scans obtained from a clinical CT system including 229 adult abdomen, 284 adult chest, 48 pediatric abdomen, and 12 pediatric chest exams. LAT and AP dimensions were extracted from CT localizers using a threshold extraction method (the ACR DIR). The model‐based magnification correction was applied to the AP and LAT dimensions extracted using the ACR DIR. NDC was calculated using the effective diameter for the ACR DIR only, the model‐based localizer‐based and axial‐based approaches. The LAT and AP dimensions were extracted from the “gold” standard CT axial scans. Outliers are defined as points outside the 95% confidence intervals and were analyzed.ResultsNDC estimates for the localizer‐based model‐based approach had an excellent correlation (R2 = 0.92) with the gold standard approach. The effective diameter for ACR DIR and model‐based approaches are 8.0% and 1.0% greater than the gold standard respectively. Outliers were determined to be primarily patient truncation, with arms down or with devices. ACR DIR size extraction method fails for bariatric patients where the threshold is too high and some of their anatomy was included in the CT couch, and small patients due to the CT couch being included in the size measurement.ConclusionThe model‐based magnification method gives an accurate estimate of patient size surrogates extracted from CT localizers that are needed for calculating NDC to achieve accurate SSDE.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2‐Mediated Regulation of Neuronal Exosome Release Depends on VAMP3/Cellubrevin in Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Tang Qilin , Müller Stephan A. , Gao Pan , Mahlstedt Diana , Zampagni Sofia , Tan Yi , Klingl Andreas , Bötzel Kai , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Höglinger Günter U. , Koeglsperger Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous membrane‐derived vesicles that shuttle bioactive molecules between glia and neurons, thereby promoting neuronal survival and plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) and contributing to neurodegenerative conditions. Although EVs hold great potential as CNS theranostic nanocarriers, the specific molecular factors that regulate neuronal EV uptake and release are currently unknown. A combination of patch‐clamp electrophysiology and pH‐sensitive dye imaging is used to examine stimulus‐evoked EV release in individual neurons in real time. Whereas spontaneous electrical activity and the application of a high‐frequency stimulus induce a slow and prolonged fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane (PM) in a subset of cells, the neurotrophic factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) greatly increases the rate of stimulus‐evoked MVB‐PM fusion events and, consequently, the abundance of EVs in the culture medium. Proteomic analysis of neuronal EVs demonstrates bFGF increases the abundance of the v‐SNARE vesicle‐associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3, cellubrevin) on EVs. Conversely, knocking‐down VAMP3 in cultured neurons attenuates the effect of bFGF on EV release. The results determine the temporal characteristics of MVB‐PM fusion in hippocampal neurons and reveal a new function for bFGF signaling in controlling neuronal EV release.
Essential Updates 2018/2019: Essential advances in surgical and adjuvant therapies for colorectal cancer
Authors: Akagi Tomonori , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSurgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy are the only treatment modalities for localized colorectal cancer that can obtain a “cure.” The goal in surgically treating primary colorectal cancer is complete tumor removal along with dissection of systematic D3 lymph nodes. Adjuvant treatment controls recurrence and improves the prognosis of patients after they undergo R0 resection. Various clinical studies have promoted the gradual spread and clinical use of new surgical approaches such as laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, and transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME). Additionally, the significance of adjuvant chemotherapy has been established and it is now recommended in the JSCCR (the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum) guideline as a standard treatment. Herein, we review and summarize current surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy for localized colorectal cancer and discuss recent advances in personalized medicine related to adjuvant chemotherapy.
Influence of aerosols on lightning activities in central eastern parts of China
Authors: Shi Zheng , Wang HaiChao , Tan YongBo , Li LuYing , Li ChunSun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTime series data of lightning flash rates, aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface relative humidity, potential temperature, and convective available potential energy (CAPE) for 14 consecutive summers (2001–2014) over central eastern parts of China (32.5°–40°N, 100°–120°E) have been analyzed to investigate the impact of aerosol on the lightning flash rate. The Pearson correlation and the partial correlation are used to study the linear correlations between the lightning flash rate and AOD, potential temperature, surface relative humidity, and CAPE. The results show that the lightning flash rate is positively correlated (r = .64) with AOD under relatively clean conditions (AOD < 1.0), which may result from aerosol microphysical effect. In the situation of high aerosol concentration (AOD > 1.0), the correlation between AOD and lightning flash rate is not obvious (r = −.06), which may be due to the radiation effect of aerosol and the decrease of the number of large ice particles caused by excessive aerosol concentration. CAPE and surface relative humidity are both positively correlated with the lightning flash rates under relatively clean (AOD < 1.0) and relatively polluted (AOD > 1.0) conditions. Potential temperature is moderate positively correlated with the lightning flash rate under relatively clean conditions (r = .51, AOD < 1.0) but shows no significant linear relationship under relatively polluted conditions (r = .07, AOD > 1.0).
Interpoint distances: Applications, properties, and visualization
Authors: Modarres Reza , Song Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article surveys recent development on Euclidean interpoint distances (IPDs). IPDs find applications in many scientific fields and are the building blocks of several multivariate techniques such as comparison of distributions, clustering, classification, and multidimensional scaling. In this article, we explore IPDs, discuss their properties and applications, and present their distributions for several families, including the multivariate normal, multivariate Bernoulli, multivariate power series, and the unified hypergeometric distributions. We consider two groups of observations in and present a simultaneous plot of the empirical cumulative distribution functions of the within and between IPDs to visualize and examine the equality of the underlying distribution functions of the observations.
Different exercises can modulate the differentiation/maturation of neural stem/progenitor cells after photochemically induced focal cerebral infarction
Authors: Morishita Saho , Hokamura Kazuya , Yoshikawa Akira , Agata Nobuhide , Tsutsui Yoshihiro , Umemura Kazuo , Kumada Tatsuro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionExercise therapies during rehabilitation significantly promote recovery from various deficits after cerebral infarction, which is mediated by neuronal plasticity with distinct inputs. Although adult neurogenesis can also be modulated by neuronal activity before synaptogenesis, how distinct exercises contribute to the neurological reorganization of the injured cerebral cortex remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of different exercise therapies on motor recovery and neuronal reorganization after photochemically induced focal cerebral infarction.MethodsHere, we examined the effects of three different exercises—(a) forced lower‐intensity and (b) higher‐intensity treadmill exercises, and (c) voluntary exercise with wheel running—on motor recovery and adult neurogenesis in a rat model of focal cerebral infarction. Photochemically induced thrombosis (PIT) was used to generate focal infarction in rats that was mostly confined to their motor cortices.ResultsBeam walking tests showed that recovery after PIT‐induced cortical infarction differed in acute and chronic stages and was influenced by the type of exercise. Furthermore, forced low‐intensity training had more positive effects on functional recovery than other exercises or control. To evaluate the production of newly generated cells includingde novoneurogenesis, we performed lineage analysis with BrdU labeling and immunofluorescence experiments. Lower‐intensity treadmill exercise increased the number of BrdU/NeuN colabeled cells, but not total BrdU‐retaining or BrdU/Sox2‐colabeled cells, in the peri‐infarct region of the ipsilateral cortex. In contrast, high‐intensity treadmill or voluntary exercises had the opposite effects.ConclusionsThese results suggest that neuronal maturation can be differently modulated by distinct exercises and that low‐intensity treadmill exercise could result in more potent generation of mature neurons. This also suggests the possibility that the generation of neural stem/progenitor cells and differentiation might be modulated by rehabilitation‐mediated neural plasticity.
Inhibition of endogenous miR‐23a/miR‐377 in CHO cells enhances difficult‐to‐express recombinant lysosomal sulfatase activity
Authors: Amadi Ifeanyi Michael , Agrawal Vishal , Christianson Terri , Bardliving Cameron , Shamlou Parviz , LeBowitz Jonathan H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDifficult‐to‐express (DTE) recombinant proteins such as multi‐specific proteins, DTE monoclonal antibodies, and lysosomal enzymes have seen difficulties in manufacturability using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells or other mammalian cells as production platforms. CHO cells are preferably used for recombinant protein production for their ability to secrete human‐like recombinant proteins with posttranslational modification, resistance to viral infection, and familiarity with drug regulators. However, despite huge progress made in engineering CHO cells for high volumetric productivity, DTE proteins like recombinant lysosomal sulfatase represent one of the poorly understood proteins. Furthermore, there is growing interest in the use of microRNA (miRNA) to engineer CHO cells expressing DTE proteins to improve cell performance of relevant bioprocess phenotypes. To our knowledge, no research has been done to improve CHO cell production of DTE recombinant lysosomal sulfatase using miRNA. We identified miR‐23a and miR‐377 as miRNAs predicted to target SUMF1, an activator of sulfatases, using in silico prediction tools. Transient inhibition of CHO endogenous miR‐23a/miR‐377 significantly enhanced recombinant sulfatase enzyme‐specific activity by ~15–21% compared to scramble without affecting cell growth. Though inhibition of miR‐23a/miR‐377 had no significant effect on the mRNA and protein levels of SUMF1, overexpression of miR‐23a/377 caused ~30% and ~27–29% significant reduction in endogenous SUMF1 protein and mRNA expression levels, respectively. In summary, our data demonstrate the importance of using miRNA to optimize the CHO cell line secreting DTE recombinant lysosomal sulfatase.
LncRNA LOC285194 modulates gastric carcinoma progression through activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhong Bingzheng , Wang Qiang , He Jiali , Xiong Yi , Cao Jie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEmerging evidences have revealed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs’) critical roles in diverse human carcinoma. Among these cancers, lncRNA LOC285194 has been extensively investigated in several types of carcinomas in the recent years. Nevertheless, the biological function, clinical relevance, and the influence of LOC285194 in gastric cancer (GC) are not fully understood. The present study aims to explore the biological function of LOC285194 in the progression and development of GC. First, LOC285194 expressions were detected in GC tissues and cell lines. The functional role of LOC285194 in GC was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Our data found that LOC285194 was lowly expressed both in human GC tissues and GC cell lines compared with corresponding normal controls. Moreover, LOC285194 was mitigated by transfection with LV‐LOC285194 in both HGC‐27 and MKN45 cell lines. Silencing of LOC285194 remarkably induced GC cell livability and cell proliferation. On the contrary, the LOC285194 overexpression suppressed MKN45 and HGC‐27 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Additionally, silencing of LOC285194 increased the ability of colony formation, cell migration, and invasive capacities, together with blocking the apoptotic rates of GC cells. Correspondently, LOC285194 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Mechanistically, silencing of LOC285194 promoted GC progression via inducing Wnt signaling activity. Moreover, in vivo xenografts nude mice model results showed that LOC285194 inhibited GC progression through targeting Wnt signaling. Taken together, LOC285194 is associated with GC progression by regulating the Wnt signaling transduction, potentiating LOC285194's promising role as a novel treatment biomarker in GC.
Impact of Preadmission Morphine on Reinfarction in Patients With ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gue Ying X. , Spinthakis Nikolaos , Farag Mohamed , Kubica Jacek , Siller‐Matula Jolanta M. , Srinivasan Manivannan , Gorog Diana A. 
Published: January 2020

Opiates are the traditional analgesics used in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Pharmacodynamic studies indicate that opiates delay the absorption of orally administered P2Y12 inhibitors and the onset of platelet inhibition. Whether these negative effects on platelet inhibition have an impact on clinical outcomes is unclear. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed searching PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies comparing morphine and no‐morphine treatment in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary end point was the occurrence of in‐hospital myocardial infarction, and secondary end points were in‐hospital stroke and death. Four observational studies were identified, including 3,220 patients with STEMI. Morphine‐treated patients had a higher unadjusted rate of reinfarction compared with patients not receiving morphine (1.5% vs. 0.67%, odds ratio (OR) 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–5.21; P = 0.03). Unadjusted mortality rate was lower in morphine‐treated patients (1.7% vs. 4.2%, OR 0.43, 95% CI, 0.23–0.81; P = 0.009). Exclusion of the study with baseline differences between groups showed more frequent reinfarction in the morphine group, but this was no longer statistically significant (1.3% vs. 0.5%, OR 2.02; 95% CI, 0.39–10.43; P = 0.40). There was no difference in stroke according to morphine treatment. Patients pretreated with morphine appear to have a higher rate of reinfarction than patients not receiving morphine. This may be attributable to opiate‐related delay in P2Y12 inhibitor absorption and resultant delay in onset of platelet inhibition. These concerning findings indicate the need for prospective, randomized trials to assess the impact of opiates on clinical outcomes in STEMI.
Potassium stabilization of methylammonium lead bromide perovskite for robust photocatalytic H2 generation
Authors: Yue Dongting , Zhang Taiyang , Wang Tian , Yan Xuan , Guo Chao , Qian Xufang , Zhao Yixin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVarious optoelectronic applications of organic inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites are challenged by their stability. The photocatalytic stability of lead halide perovskites are so low that chemical stabilizer such as H3PO2 are required in their applications. We report a postsynthesis potassium stabilization on methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) to form K‐MAPbBr3 by doping K cation and depositing KBr layers. In absence of any stabilizer, this stable K‐MAPbBr3 perovskite can exhibit an unprecedented high photostability even after 200 hours continuous photocatalytic H2 generation. Impressively, the K‐MAPbBr3 cocatalyzed with Mo3S132− nanoclusters achieves a high apparent quantum efficiency up to 18.3% at 450 nm for photocatalytic H2 generation. The mechanism study reveals that the photogeneration of Pb0 and Br0 defects are effectively inhibited in K‐MAPbBr3, which makes it a robust photocatalyst for H2 generation. These findings will inspire the development of stable organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites for photocatalysis and other optoelectronic applications.image
The cognitive‐interpersonal model of disordered eating: A test of the mediating role of alexithymia
Authors: Giles Sarah , Hughes Elizabeth K. , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Krug Isabel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe cognitive‐interpersonal model proposes that high levels of attention to detail and cognitive rigidity confer risk for the development of eating disorders (EDs) and that socioemotional deficits, such as alexithymia, contribute to their maintenance. However, no studies have examined the direct and indirect relationships of these constructs. We investigated the mediating role of specific alexithymia traits (difficulties describing feelings, difficulties identifying feelings, and externally oriented thinking) on the relationship between attention to detail, cognitive rigidity, and ED symptoms while controlling for anxiety and depression symptoms.MethodFour hundred and one nonclinical female participants (M = 20.57, SD = 4.99 years old) completed self‐report measures assessing the variables of interest.ResultsPath analyses revealed that difficulties identifying feelings was the only significant mediator between attention to detail and cognitive rigidity to ED symptoms. However, these mediation effects became nonsignificant after controlling for anxiety and depression.ConclusionsDifficulties identifying feelings may in part underlie the relationship between attention to detail and cognitive rigidity and ED symptoms, providing support for the cognitive‐interpersonal model. However, these relationships are heavily influenced by anxiety and depression symptoms. Enhancing individual's ability to identify emotional states may help to decrease ED symptoms for individuals who report high levels of attention to detail and cognitive rigidity.
A mobility solution for low power and lossy networks using the LOADng protocol
Authors: Gonçalves Allan J. R. , Rabêlo Ricardo A. L. , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. , Oliveira Luís M. L. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMany devices on an Internet of Things (IoT) network have severe constraints on computing resources in terms of memory, processing, and power, which make these networks generally known as Low power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). Device mobility in these scenarios has several negative impacts on the network, particularly in terms of connectivity, as node movement affects the routes established by the routing protocol. The network performance is highly related to the adjacent routing protocol. The protocol considered as standard for IoT networks was designed for static networks, and it has a low reactivity in mobility scenarios, besides other limitations. Lightweight On‐demand Ad hoc Distance‐vector Routing—Next Generation (LOADng) is currently the primary reactive protocol for LLNs. Considering that mobility is a crucial feature for the future of IoT, this article proposes Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)‐LOADng, a solution built from LOADng for LLNs in the mobility context. The solution aims to make the mobile nodes aware of its location, as well as to predict the nonlinear trajectory of these nodes through the EKF. The location obtained is used to improve the connectivity of the mobile nodes and to shorten paths while messages are exchanged on the network. EKF‐LOADng was compared with the standard version and an enhanced version of the LOADng protocol in two different scenarios in the Contiki OS. Simulation results show the proposed solution is capable of locating mobile nodes with an average error of 1.46 m while maintaining connectivity to other nodes, as well as outperforms the compared proposals in some network metrics in terms of packet delivery ratio, latency, power consumption, and control bit overhead.