bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SWEMniCS: a software toolbox for modeling coastal ocean circulation, storm surges, inland, and compound flooding
Authors: Dawson Clint , Loveland Mark , Pachev Benjamin , Proft Jennifer , Valseth Eirik 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFlooding from storm surges, rainfall-runoff, and their interaction into compounding events are major natural hazards in coastal regions. To assess risks of damages to life and properties alike, numerical models are needed to guide emergency responses and future assessments. Numerical models, such as ADCIRC have over many decades shown their usefulness in such assessments. However, these models have a high threshold in terms of new user engagement as development and compilation is not trivial for users trained in compiled programming languages. Here, we develop a new open-source finite element solver for the numerical simulation of flooding. The numerical solution of the underlying PDEs is developed using the finite element framework FEniCSx. The goal is a framework where new methods can be rapidly tested before time-consuming development into codes like ADCIRC. We validate the framework on several test cases, including large-scale computations in the Gulf of Mexico for Hurricane Ike (2008).
Tracking Performance Studies for Future Circular Collider (FCCee) with CLD Detector
Authors: Sadowski Gaelle , Andrea Jeremy , Besson Auguste , El Bitar Ziad 
Published: December 2024

The Future Circular Collider electron-positron (FCCee) feasibility study involves assessing the capabilities and performances of potential detector configurations. This study focuses on the impact of various detector parameters on tracking performances. Specifically, the influence of different geometries, material budgets, and magnetic field strengths on the precision and efficiency of tracking performance within the CLIC-Like Detector is investigated.
Tracking performance is evaluated using full simulations. This study provides valuable insights into optimising the design parameters of the FCCee detector to achieve high tracking performance, contributing essential information for the ongoing FCCee feasibility study and future collider detector development.
Particle-flow reconstruction with Transformer
Authors: Wahlen Paul , Suehara Taikan 
Published: December 2024

Transformers are one of the recent big achievements of machine learning, which enables realistic communication on natural language processing such as ChatGPT, as well as being applied to many other fields such as image processing. The basic concept of the Transformer is to learn relation between two objects by a self-attention mechanism. This structure is especially efficient with large input samples and large number of learnable parameters. We are studying this architecture applied to the particle-flow method, which reconstructs particles by clustering hits at highly-segmented calorimeters. Using datasets consisting of one or two initial photons, the network is asked to predict clusters one by one using hits from the calorimeters as input. Truth clusters information are provided at learning stage to compare with the decoder output. The best model reconstructed one photon events with a relative error on the energy of 5% and direction differing from the ground truth by 2.98 ◦. Moreover, the model achieved an accuracy of 99.6% when asked to separate one and two photons events.
This work was carried out in the framework of the ILD Concept Group
The Interdisciplinary Aortic Team: Opportunities for Collaboration in Acute Aortic Syndromes
Authors: Sherk William M. , Khaja Minhaj S. , Patel Himanshu J. , Williams David M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterdisciplinary teams offer potential advantages over siloed care models in complex cardiovascular disease management. Consensus guidelines for aortic management have increasingly identified the interdisciplinary aortic team as a key component in delivering quality care. Acute aortic syndromes are a subset of high acuity and lethal aortic pathologies that may benefit from an interdisciplinary approach. The advantages of the interdisciplinary aortic team model in the management of acute aortic syndromes and barriers to implementation are discussed.
Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Smoking and Its Effects on Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Li Yuhong , Tong Ling , Zhang Youqian , Huang Birun , Zhu Liping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn increasing number of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have evaluated the causal link between smoking and venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, previous studies often rely on single genetic variants related to smoking quantity and exhibit various other shortcomings, making them prone to pleiotropy and potentially leading to imprecise causal estimates. Thus, the deeper causal mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This MR study reassessed the causal relationship between smoking and VTE, including its subtypes—deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Data on VTE were sourced from the FinnGen consortium with nonoverlapping sample sizes. The smoking phenotypes analyzed included smoking initiation, lifetime smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked per day by both current and former smokers (CigDay), and total pack-years of smoking in adulthood. The primary analytical method was inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), supplemented by multiple verification methods to ensure robust results. Statistical rigor was ensured through LDtrait pruning and Steiger filtering for reverse causation, with comprehensive sensitivity analyses including RadialMR confirming the findings' robustness. After Bonferroni correction, this study demonstrates significant causal evidence linking lifetime smoking with the incidence of VTE (odds ratio [OR]IVW = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–1.85, p = 1.75 × 10−4) and PE (ORIVW = 1.69, 95% CI 1.25–2.28, p = 6.55 × 10−4), and suggestive evidence with DVT, consistent in direction with previous studies but showing considerable differences in effect sizes and significance. Additionally, CigDay (past and current) increases the risks of VTE and DVT, while no causal link was found between smoking initiation and VTE or its subtypes (p < 0.05), both directly contradicting previous conclusions. Furthermore, our study is the first to suggest a causal link between pack-years and an increased risk of VTE. This MR study employed rigorous statistical pruning of its instrumental variables, using the most comprehensive smoking phenotype to date. It successfully mitigated biases such as winner's curse, yielding causal effect results distinct from previous studies.
A new application of the kinetic type theory in immunology
Authors: Kolev Mikhail , Nikolova Iveta , Lazarova Meglena , Stoilova Stanislava 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The kinetic type theory for active particles is a methodology actively used for modeling processes and phenomena in biology and life sciences. One of the fields of its application is immunology, in particular the processes observed in the competition between immune system and foreign antigens. In this paper we present a new mathematical model describing such a complex system and possible occurrence of contemporary diseases. Preliminary qualitative analysis of the model is presented. The role of some of the main model parameters is studied using simulations.
Combined electron and proton radiation effects on solar cells for earth orbit
Authors: Gurimskaya Yana , Fedoseyev Alex , Herasimenka Stanislau 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a computational approach for accurate calculations of the combined effects of electron and proton radiation in space, tailored to a specific orbit and accounting for the full range of particle energies. The radiation-induced defect formation is shown to depend on the NIEL (Non-Ionizing Energy Loss), which reflects the small fraction of particle energy (from electrons, protons or other ions) lost through the ionisation of the material. The model developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for predicting solar cell degradation based on NIEL aligns closely with the results from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). However, the JPL model involves a more comprehensive methodology, incorporating experimental validation.
To determine the energy dependence of NIEL, S(E), for both electrons and protons, we use the ESA NIEL calculation tool. This computational process involves assessing the radiation environment and its effects with an assistance from SPENVIS — a simulation platform developed by ESA/NASA for generating spacecraft trajectories in LEO, MEO or GEO. Proton and electron fluxes are simulated using the International Radiation Environment Near Earth (IRENE) model within SPENVIS. This model offers various calculation options — such as mean, percentile, perturbed or Monte Carlo simulations — based on the mission duration and launch date.
The resulting proton and electron fluences, both integral and differential, are used to calculate the Displacement Damage Dose (DDD). This is achieved by integrating the product of NIEL with the differential fluences over the relevant particles energy range.
To enhance efficiency, specialized software tools have been developed to extract particle fluxes and fluences from SPENVIS, interpolate them and perform the necessary integration to obtain DDD values for protons, electrons and the combined DDD. Equivalent fluences for defined energy ranges are also provided, enabling detailed, mission-specific radiation analyses. These tools streamline the evaluation of the radiation environment and its impact on solar cells, determining the design and material choices for mission planning and providing the data to predict space power generation throughout the mission’s duration.
On the Estimation of Measurement Errors in Noise Studies of a Centrifugal Fan
Authors: Nikolaev I N , Mihova V A , Kovachev N Y , Pavlov V T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The main objective of the present work is to describe an experimental setup to study the noise characteristics during centrifugal fan operation and the error of the measured quantities used to estimate the noise at different operating modes. The apparatus makes it possible to study the performance of the fan with impellers of different blade geometries. Determination of the error of the measured quantities is necessary in order to be able to take it into account later in the analysis of different experimental data.
Pre-eruption Deformation Prior to 2018 Eruption of Anak Krakatau Volcano
Authors: Adiwijaya Raihan F. , Sidiq Teguh P. , Kriswati Estu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anak Krakatau is an active volcano situtated in Sunda Strait between Sumatera and Java that is frequently erupts. In 2018, Anak Krakatau eruupted where its eruptions destroys its western and south western flank that created a tsunami that swept across western Banten Province and southern Lampung Province, killed hundreds of casualties and destroyed homes in the shorelines. With the use of Differential InSAR analysis, we observe the dynamics of activity of Anak Krakatau starting from January 2018 until December 2019. To observe the unrest of Anak Krakatau prior and after the eruption, we’re using radar satellite imagery from Sentinel 1 from European Space Agency with temporal baseline every 12 days with total of 60 images being used. These images then processed using differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) method and then being analysed the ups and downs patterns between 12-day-pairs. From our observation, deformation signals appeared in some interferogram pairs prior to eruption in December 2018. We also find that the activity of Anak Krakatau still rising after the eruption of 2018, showed by the upward trend that happened in the point samples near the vent. The graph analysed from InSAR pairs also show that there is a pattern of inflation and subsidence that shows the activity of Anak Krakatau. It is suggested that the supply from magma chamber played a role in the uplift of Anak Krakatau that happened in the time of our observation. We conclude that the activity of Anak Krakatau was detected prior the eruption and still not decline and will going to be active in some more time.
Comparison of Airborne Magnetic and Ground Magnetic for Identification of Sub-surface Condition Study Case Sand Caldera of Bromo-Tengger Volcanic Complex : Preliminary Study
Authors: Pandu Gya Nur Rochman Juan , Nurdiansyah Buwonokeling Wahyu , Haris Miftahul Fajar M. , Hilyah Anik , Desa Warnana Dwa , Lestari Wien , Komara Eki , Ariyanti Nita , Maulana Azhali Firmansyah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Bromo-Tengger Volcano Complex is a popular geotourism destination characterized by volcanic activity also unique geological and geomorphology settings. However, limited geophysical investigations have been conducted in this area, particularly using magnetic methods, to understand the subsurface conditions. Thus, this study aims to compare geophysical methods which are airborne and ground magnetic survey methods to identify the sub-surface conditions of Bromo-Tengger Volcano Complex. Airborne magnetic measurements were conducted using a Geotron Proton Precision Magnetometer G5 as the base and a Sensys Magdrone R3 with a DJI M600 drone as the rover with 5 ms of spacing, providing rapid coverage of large areas and minimizing interference. Ground magnetic measurements were taken using only a Geotron Proton Precision Magnetometer G5 for base and rover with 200 meters of spacing. Ground magnetic measurements serve as a comparison to assess resolution and potential data loss caused by factors such as flight altitude and data sampling rate. Combining both magnetic survey measurements enables a comprehensive understanding of the magnetic properties of the surveyed area. The airborne magnetic survey produced 2,097,134 data points in just two days, while the ground magnetic survey produced only 174 points in ten days. Although the airborne magnetic survey is less detailed, it can effectively interpret the subsurface conditions. On the other hand, the ground magnetic survey provides high-resolution results but is affected by local noise and temporal changes. Both surveys identified high anomalies in the southern and northeastern regions, which were interpreted as basalt lava flows. Medium anomalies are believed to be early pyroclastic fall deposits, while low anomalies indicate subsurface volcanic activity. Overall, the results of the airborne magnetic survey correlate well with the ground magnetic survey, making it a viable and time-saving alternative to large-scale magnetic measurements.
Analysis of Shoreline Dynamics Using Remote Sensing Landsat Time Series on The Sidoarjo and Pasuruan Coastal Areas
Authors: Ayu Retno Mukti Dyah , Lolita Sari Inggit , Azizah Luthfia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Coastal areas as a transition area between land and water plays an important role for coastal ecosystems habitat. Yet, the coastal areas are directly affected by surrounding activities from natural changes or human activities that cause dynamics of its coastline areas. Various coastal activities occurred in the estuary areas of Porong River (Kali Porong) in Sidoarjo Regency. Porong’s River has been the main river for discharging hot mud to anticipate the Lapindo Mud Embankment remaining stable since 2006 in response to the drilling incident by PT Lapindo Brantas. The presence of mud sediment carried in the Porong River impacted the shoreline dynamics at the river mouth, one of which caused the appearance of Lusi Island covering out an area of 94 hectares in 2013. Through this research, analysis was carried out using remote sensing methods and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tools to determine the value of changes (dynamics) of coastlines that occur in the Sidoarjo and Pasuruan coastal areas. Landsat imageries were applied for monitoring the shoreline dynamics for short data range (4 to 8 months) and long data range for annual monitoring between 2019 and 2022. The highest shoreline dynamics average value (highest accretion) for short data range was 52.699 meters and the lowest average value highest abrasion) was −34.116 meters. The highest shoreline dynamics average value (highest accretion) for long data range was 21.664 meters. Using a narrower (short) data range show more detailed trends of the shoreline changes. While varied shoreline dynamics using long periods of time were more effective using long data range. This study also produced modelling future shoreline in the Sidoarjo and Pasuruan coastal areas over 10 years up to 2035.
Determining the Location of Coastal Protection Structures in Sealing with Sedimentation Problems using Hydrodynamic Modeling
Authors: Rafly Rahardian Muhammad , Aulia De Silva Nusantara Candida 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lamong Bay is a water area located between the coasts of Gresik and Surabaya. The geographical condition, which is the estuary of several rivers, makes this bay area face sedimentation problems. The process of sedimentation is caused by the movement of sediment, which is divided into 3 types: Bed Load, Suspended Load, and Wash Load. The relatively gentle slope of the topography also affects the accumulation of sediment. One very effective solution in dealing with sedimentation is the existence of coastal protection structures. The existence of coastal structures aims to resist the movement of sediments influenced by ocean currents. Thus, this study aims to determine the type and location of coastal protection structures in reducing the rate of sediment transport in the study area. The method used is numerical modeling using Delft3D software. Modeling validation is done by finding the deviation value of the modeled tides with tides from the BIG tide station. The validation calculation method uses statistical calculations with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) method, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and R correlation to find the relationship between modeling and measurement. Sediment types in the Lamong Bay area consist of silt, clay, and sand, with the largest composition in the silt type at 84%. Alternative 1, where the structure is placed in the south of the bay area, shows a cumulative sedimentation value of 0.130 m, while alternative 2 in the north shows 0.180 m. Hence, alternative 1 is more effective. This study contributes to SDG 9 by promoting resilient infrastructure to manage sedimentation issues effectively.
Influence of faceplate thickness reduction on the strength of sandwich structure under static compression loading
Authors: Siswanti H , Musta’in M , Mulananda A M , Nasrudin A , Aldara D R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sandwich structures are increasingly used to replace conventional stiffened plate ship structures. The sandwich plate thickness design is determined based on the strength index (R) value. The sandwich plate thickness design is flexible because the core and faceplate thicknesses can be changed according to the desired safety factor. This faceplate and core thickness difference has influenced structural strength, deformation, weight, and other structural characteristics. This study analysed the effect of different faceplate thicknesses on the performance of sandwich structures on barge decks subject to static compression loading. The performance of the sandwich structure on the deck carrying bulk cargo under several loading conditions was evaluated using the finite element method to obtain a general consideration in determining the faceplate thickness for the sandwich structure. Reducing faceplate thickness significantly reduces weight, but it is also essential to prioritize strength to ensure the sandwich structures are safe, efficient, and compliant with all necessary standards and regulations.
Strong solution of stochastic differential equations with discontinuous and unbounded coefficients
Authors: Hu Yaozhong , Shi Qun 
Published: December 2024

In this paper we study the existence and uniqueness of strong solution of the following

d
d

-dimensional stochastic differential equation (SDE) driven by Brownian motion:

d

X
t

=
b
(
t
,

X
t

)
d
t
+
σ
(
t
,

X
t

)
d

B
t

,

X
0

=
x
,

\begin{equation*} dX_t=b(t,X_t)dt+\sigma (t,X_t)dB_t, X_0=x, \end{equation*}

where

B
B

is a

d
d

-dimensional standard Brownian motion; the diffusion coefficient

σ
\sigma

is a Hölder continuous and uniformly nondegenerate

d
×
d

d\times d

matrix-valued function and the drift coefficient

b
b

may be discontinuous and unbounded, not necessarily in

L

p
q

\mathbb {L}_p^q

, extending the previous works to discontinuous and unbounded drift coefficient situation. The idea is to combine the Zvonkin’s transformation with the Lyapunov function approach. Zvonkin’s transformation is a one-to-one (and quasi-isometric) transformation of a phase space that allows us to pass from a diffusion process with nonzero drift coefficient to a process without drift. To this end, we need to establish a local version of the connection between the solutions of the SDE up to the exit time of a bounded connected open set

D
D

and the associated partial differential equation on this domain. As an interesting by-product, we establish a localized version of the Krylov estimates and a localized version of the stability result of the SDEs of discontinuous coefficients.
The relationship between remnant cholesterol and low testosterone in adult males
Authors: Wang Zhaoxiang , Shen Liwen , Wu Menghuan , Yang Qichao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Remnant cholesterol (RC) is the cholesterol of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, which has a high degree of atherogenic effect.

Aim
This study investigates the association between RC and low testosterone in male adults in the United States.

Methods
Data were drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 cycles, focusing on males aged over 20. RC was measured as the difference between total cholesterol (TC) and the sum of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Analyses between RC and low testosterone included logistic regression, subgroup assessment, smooth curve fitting, and mediation analysis.

Outcomes
Low testosterone was defined by a serum testosterone level below 300 ng/dL in male adults.

Results
Out of the 2248 participants, 442 exhibited low testosterone levels. Those deficient in testosterone demonstrated notably higher RC levels (P &lt; 0.001). A direct relationship between RC and low testosterone was evident (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03, P &lt; 0.001), and smooth curve fitting revealed a linear trend. Subgroup analysis did not identify any special populations. Moreover, body mass index (BMI) and HOMA-IR was found to partially mediate this relationship.

Clinical Implications
Evaluating low testosterone in individuals with high RC levels can be beneficial. Similarly, monitoring lipid profiles, particularly RC levels, in patients with low testosterone might be important for preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Strengths & Limitations
This study uses data from NHANES, which is nationally representative and has a large sample size. However, the causal relationship needs further investigation due to the cross-sectional design of this study.

Conclusion
This nationwide study provides initial evidence of a close correlation between RC and the risk of low testosterone.