bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interobserver error in grassland vegetation surveys: sources and implications
Authors: Morrison Lloyd W , Leis Sherry A , DeBacker Michael D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
Observer error is an unavoidable aspect of vegetation surveys involving human observers. We quantified four components of interobserver error associated with long-term monitoring of prairie vegetation: overlooking error, misidentification error, cautious error and estimation error. We also evaluated the association of plot size with pseudoturnover due to observer error, and how documented pseudochanges in species composition and abundance compared with recorded changes in the vegetation over a 4-year interval.

Methods
This study was conducted at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Kansas. Monitoring sites contained 10 plots; each plot consisted of a series of four nested frames (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 m2). The herbaceous species present were recorded in each of the nested frames, and foliar cover was visually estimated within seven cover categories at the 10 m2 spatial scale only. Three hundred total plots (30 sites) were surveyed, and 28 plots selected at random were resurveyed to assess observer error. Four surveyors worked in teams of two.

Important Findings
At the 10 m2 spatial scale, pseudoturnover resulting from overlooking error averaged 18.6%, compared with 1.4% resulting from misidentification error and 0.6% resulting from cautious error. Pseudoturnover resulting from overlooking error increased as plot size decreased, although relocation error likely played a role. Recorded change in species composition over a 4-year interval (excluding potential misidentification error and cautious error) was 30.7%, which encompassed both pseudoturnover due to overlooking error and actual change. Given a documented overlooking error rate of 18.6%, this suggests the actual change for the 4-year period was only 12.1%. For estimation error, 26.2% of the time a different cover class was recorded. Over the 4-year interval, 46.9% of all records revealed different cover classes, suggesting that 56% of the records of change in cover between the two time periods were due to observer error.
Latent Profiles of Health Behaviors in Rural Children with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Mitchell Tarrah B , Janicke David M , Ding Ke , Moorman Erin L , Basch Molly C , Lim Crystal S , Mathews Anne E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The objectives were to identify profiles of school-age children with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) from rural counties based on patterns of diet, activity, and sleep, to examine demographic predictors, and to examine whether profiles were differentially associated with psychosocial functioning.

Methods
Participants included 163 children (Mage = 9.8) and parents. Children wore accelerometers to assess physical activity and sleep duration. Consumption of fruits and vegetables (F/V) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Self-report of emotional, social, and academic health-related quality of life (HRQOL), peer victimization, social skills, and social problem behaviors was collected, as well as parent-report of HRQOL. Latent variable mixture modeling (LVMM) was conducted.

Results
Sleep did not significantly contribute to profile differentiation and was removed. Four profiles emerged: (a) Low F/V + Low SSB + Low activity, (b) Low F/V + Low SSB + Moderate activity, (c) High F/V + High SSB + Low activity, and (d) Moderate F/V + Moderate SSB + High activity. Older children were more likely to be in profile 1. After controlling for child age, parents of children in profile 1 reported significantly lower child social HRQOL than parents of children in profiles 2 and 4. Children in profile 4 reported experiencing significantly lower victimization than those in profile 3.

Conclusions
There are subgroups of rural children with OW/OB that engage in various combinations of healthy and unhealthy behaviors. LVMM has the potential to inform future interventions and identify needs of groups of children with OW/OB.
Mindful Parenting Behaviors and Emotional Self-Regulation in Children With ADHD and Controls
Authors: Evans Subhadra , Bhide Sampada , Quek Jeremey , Nicholson Jan M , Anderson Vicki , Hazell Philip , Mulraney Melissa , Sciberras Emma 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Mindfulness is defined as paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally and these behaviors can be applied to parenting. Thus far, it is not understood whether mindful parenting (MP) differs in parents of children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and how MP relates to other parenting practices and children’s self-regulation.

Methods
This study examined the relationships between MP, parenting behaviors and children’s self-regulation in 120 families with child ADHD (85% male; mean age = 11.93) and 105 control families (62% male; mean age = 11.98). Parents completed measures of MP (Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale), parenting behaviors (parenting warmth, consistency, and anger assessed with the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children measures), psychological distress (Kessler 6), and children’s self-regulation (Social Skills Improvement System—self-control subscale).

Results
When compared with controls, parents of children with ADHD reported significantly lower MP. Higher MP was associated with lower levels of parent psychological distress, higher levels of parenting warmth and consistency, lower levels of parenting anger, and higher child emotion self-regulation in both groups. In mediation analyses, MP was indirectly associated with child emotion self-regulation through lower parenting anger, with the model accounting for 55% of the variance in child self-regulation.

Conclusions
MP is a useful construct for understanding parent behaviors, and children’s emotion self-regulation.
Coping and Social Adjustment in Pediatric Oncology: From Diagnosis to 12 Months
Authors: Desjardins Leandra , Rodriguez Erin , Dunn Madeline , Bemis Heather , Murphy Lexa , Manring Samantha , Winning Adrien , Vannatta Kathryn , Gerhardt Cynthia A , Compas Bruce E 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveChildren diagnosed with cancer experience stress associated with their diagnosis and treatment and are at heightened risk for problems in social adjustment. This study investigated the association between coping with cancer-related stress and problems in social adjustment across the first year after a pediatric cancer diagnosis.MethodsMothers of children (ages 5–17 years) with cancer (N = 312) were recruited from two children’s hospitals. Mother’s reported on their child’s social adjustment and coping near diagnosis (T1) and 12 months (T2).ResultsPrimary, secondary control, and disengagement coping were significantly associated with concurrent social adjustment at 12 months. The bivariate associations between baseline primary and secondary control coping and social problems 12 months later were no longer significant in a multivariate regression model.ConclusionsThese findings inform our understanding of the association between coping with cancer-related stress and social adjustment of children diagnosed with cancer. Interventions teaching primary and secondary control coping strategies for cancer-related stressors may offer some benefit to concurrent youth social adjustment. Further research is needed on how best to support social adjustment in this population over time.
Miliary abscess of the liver: unusual complication of intestinal perforation
Authors: Geraldo Raouf Fayisall , Tchangai Boyodi Katanga , Amouzou Efoé-Ga Yawod Olivier , Alassani Fousseni , Koutora Birega , Sakiye Abossisso , Kanassoua Kokou Kouliwa , Dosseh David Ekoué 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Miliary abscess of the liver represents a rare presentation of multiple liver abscesses. They often occur in immunosuppressed patients, or those with underlying liver disease. We report the case of a 22-year-old patient, without known immunodeficiency factors, surgical history or notion of tuberculous contacts, who was admitted for generalized peritonitis and ileal perforation. An ileostomy was performed. The infectious syndrome persisted in post-operative period, associated with painful hepatomegaly. An contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan led to the diagnosis of miliary abscess of the liver. A blood culture isolated Escherichia coli. The treatment included antibiotics and the clinical evolution was favorable. The follow-up abdominal CT scan was normal. Intestinal continuity was restored without complications. Miliary abscess of the liver is rare and requires rapid diagnosis. The treatment is based on antibiotic therapy.
Aggressive angiomyxoma persistently misdiagnosed as an obturator hernia managed with resection and hormonal therapy: case report
Authors: Alomary Nawaf Abdulkareem , Albeeshi Majid Zaab , Al Thebaity Rasha Eidah , Yousef Zeyad Mohammed , El-Boghdadly Sami Abdelkereim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor that mainly affects the perineum and pelvis in females of reproductive age. AA is commonly misdiagnosed as a Bartholin’s duct cyst, abscess or levator hernia. A 42-year-old female presented with a large, progressive and painless perineal swelling. She was initially diagnosed with an obturator hernia three times over the past 10 years and underwent multiple surgeries for recurrences. For this presentation, she underwent exploratory laparotomy. No hernia was identified. A large mass over the perineal area extending from the vulvar commissure to the anus was visualized. The diagnosis of AA was made on histopathology. Leuprolide (GnRHa) was used as hormonal therapy postoperatively. AA should be considered in any pelvic mass in a young female that recurs after excision. Prompt diagnosis will contribute toward minimizing local destruction of surrounding structures.
A rare form of cardiac myxoma: interatrial septum tumor
Authors: Kunioka Shingo , Fujita Kishu , Iwasa Shizuko , Murakami Hironori , Kamiya Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Kenji , Tsukui Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A myxoma is one of the most common tumors in cardiac surgery, with most of them originating from the left or right atrial walls and causing embolic complications. An 84-year-old woman was referred to our institution after echocardiography showed an interatrial septum tumor that was presumed to be a thrombus; however, postoperative pathological examination revealed it to be a cardiac myxoma. This atypical myxoma was covered with a solid capsule containing connective tissue and substantial calcifications, which had made it difficult to establish a diagnosis of myxoma.
Robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in patient with type I papillary renal cancer recurrence after 5 years of follow-up
Authors: Al Salhi Yazan , Fuschi Andrea , Velotti Gennaro , Capone Lorenzo , Aversa Sara , de Nunzio Cosimo , Porta Natale , Petrozza Vincenzo , Carbone Antonio , Pastore Antonio Luigi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a rare cancer and is the second most frequent histologic type among all renal cell carcinoma, accounting for up to 15%. A 72-year-old man underwent a right radical nephrectomy 7 years ago with final histopathology diagnosis of type 1 PRCC with negative surgical margins. Five years after surgery, computed tomography scan imaging showed the presence of multiple masses suspicious for node recurrences disease localized in the renal lodge, in the inter-aorto-caval space, at the iliac vessels bifurcation and right common iliac vessels. Patient underwent a robotic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. The histopathological examination confirmed the recurrence of type I papillary renal cancer in all the specimens. No further recurrences have been observed at 24-month follow-up after surgery. This report is the first describing a robot-assisted minimally invasive surgical excision for type I papillary renal cancer nodal and renal fossa recurrences.
CYP720A1 function in roots is required for flowering time and systemic acquired resistance in the foliage of Arabidopsis
Authors: Chaturvedi Ratnesh , Giri Mrunmay , Chowdhury Zulkarnain , Venables Barney J , Mohanty Devasantosh , Petros Robby A , Shah Jyoti 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible defense mechanism that systemically enhances resistance against pathogens in foliar tissues. SAR, which engages salicylic acid (SA) signaling, shares molecular components with the autonomous pathway, which is involved in controlling flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) is one such autonomous pathway component that is required for flowering time and the systemic accumulation of SA during SAR. Here, we show that CYP720A1, a putative cytochrome P450 monoxygenase, controls FLD expression and is required for the timing of flowering and the manifestation of SAR. The delayed flowering time in the cyp720a1 mutant correlated with the elevated transcript level of the floral repressor FLC, while the SAR deficiency phenotype of the cyp720a1 mutant correlated with the inability to systemically accumulate SA. CYP720A1 transcript abundance in shoots is poor compared with roots. Reciprocal root–shoot grafting confirmed that CYP720A1 function in the roots is critical for flowering time and SAR. We therefore suggest that root to shoot communication involving a CYP720A1-dependent factor contributes to the timing of reproductive development and defense in the foliage.
The Frequency of Discordant Variant Classification in the Human Gene Mutation Database: A Comparison of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Guidelines and ClinVar
Authors: Park Kyoung-Jin , Lee Woochang , Chun Sail , Min Won-Ki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Discordant variant classifications among public databases is one of the well-documented limitations when interpreting the pathogenicity of variants. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of germline variant misannotation from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the annotation concordance between databases.

Methods
We used a total of 188,106 classified variants (disease-causing mutations [n = 179,454] and polymorphisms [n = 8652]) in 6466 genes from the HGMD. All variants were reanalyzed based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines and compared to ClinVar database variants.

Results
When variants were classified based on the ACMG guidelines, misclassification was observed in 3.47% (2289/65,896) of variants. The overall concordance between HGMD and ClinVar was 97.62% (52,499/53,780) of variants studied.

Conclusion
Variants in databases must be used with caution when variant pathogenicity is interpreted. This study reveals the frequency of misannotation of the HGMD variants and annotation concordance between databases in depth.
Becoming Divine Women: Miriam Toews’ Women Talking as Parable1
Authors: Kehler Grace 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article attends to the ways in which Canadian Mennonite novelist Miriam Toews’ Women Talking crafts a feminist theological parable of women envoicing and incarnating pacifism in the context of a purportedly pacifist colony devastated by patriarchal violence. I argue that the novel, like the biblical parables, functions as a ‘mythos (a heuristic fiction) which has the mimetic power of “redescribing” [pained] human existence’ in reparative terms (Ricoeur). More particularly, as a feminist theological parable, the novel displays in literary form what Luce Irigaray philosophically conceives of as ‘becoming divine women’. I first explore definitions of biblical parables and divine becomings, prior to turning my attention to the Bolivian crisis, and then to Toews’ hopeful, revisionist narrative.
Medical Tourism and the Best Interests of the Critically ill Child in the Era of Healthcare Globalisation
Authors: Bhatia Neera , Birchley Giles 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this article, we examine emerging challenges to medical law arising from healthcare globalisation concerning disputes between parents and healthcare professionals in the care and treatment of critically ill children. We explore a series of issues emerging in English case law concerning children’s medical treatment that are signs of increasing globalisation. We argue that these interrelated issues present distinct challenges to healthcare economics, clinical practice, and the operation of the law. First, social media leverages the emotive aspects of cases; secondly, the Internet provides unfiltered information about novel treatments and access to crowdfunding to pay for them. Finally, the removal of barriers to global trade and travel allows child medical tourism to emerge as the nexus of these issues. These aspects of globalisation have implications for medicine and the law, yet child medical tourism has been little examined. We argue that it affects a range of interests, including children’s rights, parents’ rights as consumers, and the interests of society in communalised healthcare. Identifying putative solutions and a research agenda around these issues is important. While cases involving critically ill children are complex and emotionally fraught, the interconnectedness of these issues requires the law to engage and respond coherently to the impacts of healthcare globalisation.
The skin mycobiome of an astronaut during a 1-year stay on the International Space Station
Authors: Sugita Takashi , Yamazaki Takashi , Cho Otomi , Furukawa Satoshi , Mukai Chiaki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Analysis of the skin mycobiome of an astronaut during a 1-year stay on the International Space Station (ISS) revealed an increased relative abundance of Malassezia restricta and level of Malassezia colonization, and the presence of Cyberlindnera jadinii and Candida boidinii, uncommon skin mycobiome taxa. Similar observations were made in astronauts during a 6-month stay on the ISS (Med Mycol. 2016; 54: 232–239). Future plans for extended space travel should consider the effect of high levels of Malassezia colonization over long periods on astronauts’ skin, and the abnormal proliferation of uncommon microorganisms that may occur in closed environments such as the ISS.
AstroSat view of LMC X-2: evolution of broad-band X-ray spectral properties along a complete Z-track
Authors: Agrawal V K , Nandi Anuj 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we report the first results of the extragalactic Z-source Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) X-2 obtained using the ∼140 ks observations with Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) and Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) onboard AstroSat. The Hardness-Intensity Diagram created with the LAXPC data revealed a complete Z-pattern of the source, showing all the three branches. We studied the evolution of the broad-band X-ray spectra in the energy range of 0.5–20.0 keV along the Z-track, a first such study of this source. The X-ray spectra of the different parts of the Z-pattern were well described by an absorbed Comptonized component. An absence of the accretion disc component suggests that the disc is most probably obscured by a Comptonized region. The best fit electron temperature (kTe) was found to be in the range of 1.7–2.1 keV and optical depth (τ) was found to be in the range of 13.2–17.5. The optical depth (τ) increased as the source moved from the normal/flaring branch (NB/FB) vertex to the upper part of the FB, suggesting a possible outflow triggered by a strong radiation pressure. The power density spectra (PDS) of HB and NB could be fitted with a pure power law of index α∼1.68 and 0.83, respectively. We also found a weak evidence of quasi-periodic oscillation (2.8σ) in the FB. The intrinsic luminosity of the source varied between (1.03–1.79) × 1038 erg s−1. We discuss our results by comparing with other Z-sources and the previous observations of LMC X-2.
Inception of a first quasar at cosmic dawn
Authors: Latif Muhammad A , Khochfar Sadegh 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Earliest quasars at the cosmic dawn are powered by mass accretion on to supermassive black holes of a billion solar masses. Massive black hole (MBH) seeds forming through the direct collapse mechanism are considered the most promising candidates but how do they grow and coevolve with their host galaxies at early cosmic times remains unknown. We here present results from a cosmological radiation hydrodynamical simulation including self-consistent modelling of both Population III (Pop III) and Population II (Pop II) star formation, their radiative and supernova feedback in the host galaxy along with X-ray feedback from an accreting MBH of $\rm 10^5 \, M_{\odot }$ in a halo of $\rm 2 \times 10^9 \, M_{\odot }$ from z = 26 down to z = 16. Our results show that energy deposition from X-rays in the proximity of MBH suppresses Pop III star formation for about 12 Myr while at the same time these X-rays catalyse $\rm H_2$ formation that leads to the formation of a Pop III star cluster of 500 $\rm M_{\odot }$ in the close vicinity of the MBH. We find that mode of star formation for Pop III is episodic and bursty due to the clumpy accretion, while for Pop II it is continuous. The stellar mass of the host galaxy at z ∼ 16 is $\rm 2 \times 10^7 \, M_{\odot }$ with a star formation rate of ${\sim} 0.1\!-\!1 \, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }\, \mathrm{ yr}^{-1}$. In total, the MBH accretes $\rm 1.5 \times 10^6\, M_{\odot }$ during 120 Myr with the mean accretion rate of ${\sim} 0.01\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }\, \mathrm{ yr}^{-1}$ corresponding to an average Eddington fraction of 50 per cent.
Infrared spectra of pyroxenes (crystalline chain silicates) at room temperature
Authors: Bowey J E , Hofmeister A M , Keppel E 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Crystals of pyroxene are common in meteorites but few compositions have been recognized in astronomical environments due to the limited chemistries included in laboratory studies. We present quantitative room-temperature spectra of 17 Mg-, Fe-, and Ca-bearing ortho- and clinopyroxenes, and a Ca-pyroxenoid in order to discern trends indicative of crystal structure and a wide range of composition. Data are produced using a diamond anvil cell: our band strengths are up to six times higher than those measured in KBr or polyethylene dispersions, which include variations in path length (from grain size) and surface reflections that are not addressed in data processing. Pyroxenes have varied spectra: only two bands, at 10.22 and 15.34 μm in enstatite (En99), are common to all. Peak wavelengths generally increase as Mg is replaced by Ca or Fe. However, two bands in MgFe-pyroxenes shift to shorter wavelengths as the Fe component increases from 0 to 60 per cent. A high-intensity band shifts from 11.6 to 11.2 μm and remains at 11.2 μm as Fe increases to 100 per cent; it resembles an astronomical feature normally identified with olivine or forsterite. The distinctive pyroxene bands between 13 and 16 μm show promise for their identification in Mid-Infrared-Instrumentspectra obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope. The many pyroxene bands between 40 and 80 μm could be diagnositic of silicate mineralogy if data were obtained with the proposed Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics. Our data indicate that comparison between room-temperature laboratory bands for enstatite and cold ∼10 − K astronomical dust features at wavelengths $\gtrsim 28~\mu$m can result in the identification of (Mg,Fe)- pyroxenes that contain 7–15 per cent less Fe– than their true values because some temperature shifts mimic some compositional shifts. Therefore some astronomical silicates may contain more Fe, and less Mg, than previously thought.