bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SLC40A1 mediates ferroptosis and cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hao Lijun , Mi Jun , Song Liping , Guo Yinnan , Li Yanli , Yin Yiru , Zhang Ce 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: Cognitive dysfunction often accompanies diabetes. Both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia cause cognitive dysfunctions. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent evidence show that ferroptosis primarily triggers nerve cell death, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). We purposed to investigate whether ferroptosis is a vital pathogenic pathway in diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction. Methods and results: Type 1 diabetic rat model was created by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Significant cognitive dysfunction was observed in the diabetic rats as evidenced by increase in latency period to find a hidden platform and decreased cumulative time spent in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test. We detected the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of the BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent) signal using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Consequently, we found that the ALFF values, as well as the T2 relaxation time of the bilateral hippocampus, were reduced in Type 1 diabetic rats. We detected Fe2+ level and lipid peroxidation products (MDA and 4-HNE) in the hippocampus. Mitochondria and neuron injury in the STZ-induced diabetic rats were determined using a Transmission Electron Microscope and Nissl body staining. Iron overload and ferroptosis were detected in the hippocampus. Furthermore, mRNA microarray analysis revealed 201 dysregulated mRNAs in STZ-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D). Pathway enrichment analyses indicated that differentially expressed mRNAs associated-coding genes were associated with ferroptosis. Among ferroptosis signaling pathway genes, Slc40a1 gene (ferroportin) was downregulated.Conclusion: We show that ferroptosis is associated with diabetic cognitive dysfunction and Slc40a1 mediates ferroptosis in Type 1 diabetes.
Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes on Genomic Index Maps of Hierarchy
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey , Zhou Yang , Zhu Minghan , Qiao Mu , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Using visual technologies, COVID-19 patients worldwide are conveniently described by position information to collect sample, modern GIS maps are useful to show influenced flows and numbers of patients on various regions of a pendamic. From an analysis viewpoint, it is more interesting to organize genomic information into a phylogenic tree with multiple branches and leaves in representations. Clusters of genomes are organized as phylogenic trees to represent intrinsic information of genomes. However, there are structural difficulties to project phylogenic information into 2D distributions as GIS maps naturally.In this paper, a novel projection is proposed to arrange SARS-CoV-2 genomes by genomic indexes to make a structural organization as 2D GIS maps. For any genome, there is a unique invariant under the certain conditions to provide an absolute position on a specific region. In this hierarchical framework, it is possible to use a visual tool to represent any selected region for clustering genomes on refined effects. Visual effects are complementarily provided with Phylogenic tree technology. Sample regions and various projections show spread effects of five thousand SARS-CoV-2 genomes in 72 countries and special four countries are selected on genomic index maps.
Phase II study of temozolomide monotherapy in patients with extrapulmonary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma that were resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy
Authors: Kobayashi Noritoshi , Takeda Yuma , Okubo Naoki , Suzuki Akihiro , Tokuhisa Motohiko , Hiroshima Yukihiko , Ichikawa Yasushi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Extrapulmonary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (EPNEC) is a lethal disease with a poor prognosis. Platinum-based chemotherapy is used as the standard first-line treatment for unresectable EPNEC. Several retrospective studies have reported the results of the utilization of temozolomide (TMZ) as a drug for the second-line treatment for EPNEC. Methods:Patients with unresectable EPNEC that were resistant to platinum-based combination chemotherapy were recruited for a prospective phase II study of TMZ monotherapy. A 200 mg/m2 dose of TMZ was administered from day 1 to day 5, every four weeks. Response rate (RR) was evaluated as the primary endpoint. The presence of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in EPNEC patients was also evaluated as exploratory research. Results: Thirteen patients were enrolled in this study. Primary lesions were pancreas (n=3), stomach (n=3), duodenum (n=1), colon (n=1), gallbladder (n=1), liver (n=1), uterus (n=1), bladder (n=1), and primary unknown (n=1). Each case was defined as pathological poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma from surgical resected and/or biopsied specimens. The median Ki67 labeling index was 60% (range: 22%-90%). The RR was 15.4%, progression free survival was 1.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.7), overall survival (OS) was 7.8 months (95% CI, 6.0-9.5), and OS from first-line treatment was 19.2 months (95% CI, 15.1-23.3). No grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicity had occurred and grade 3 nausea and appetite loss had occurred one case. One case presented MGMT deficiency and this case showed partial response. Conclusion: TMZ monotherapy is a feasible, modestly effective, and safety treatment for patients with unresectable EPNEC following platinum-based chemotherapy. MGMT deficiency may be a reliable biomarker for the response of unresectable EPNEC to TMZ. Trial registration: Registered at April 20, 2013. Registry number: UMIN000010549.
Establishment of A PEG-mediated Protoplast Transformation System Based on DNA and CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complexes For Banana
Authors: Wu Shaoping , Zhu Haocheng , Liu Jinxing , Yang Qiaosong , Shao Xiuhong , Bi Fangcheng , Hu Chunhua , Huo Heqiang , Chen Kunling , Yi Ganjun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To date, CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs editing tools have not been applied to genetic modification of banana. Here, the establishment of PEG-mediated banana protoplast transformation system makes it possible to build an efficient DNA- free method for the site-directed mutagenesis system.Results: Protoplasts are a versatile platform for transient expression in plant science. In this study, we established a PEG-mediated banana protoplast transformation system. This system was further optimized for successfully delivering plasmids of CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas12a , CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) that targeted PDS gene into banana protoplasts. Specific bands were observed in PCR-Restriction Enzyme Digestion (PCR-RE) assays and monoclonal sequencing further confirmed the occurring of indels at target sites. Deep amplicon sequencing results showed that the editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 system was higher than that of the other two systems. Conclusions: The PEG-mediated banana protoplast transformation system can serve as a rapid and effective tool for transient expression assays and sgRNA validation in banana.The application of CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs system enables the generation of DNA-free genome edited banana plants.
Effects of Irrigation Techniques on Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Grown Celery (Apium graveolens L.)
Authors: Wang Shenglin , Luo Chen , Xie Yue , Jiang Xiaotang , Wang Yixin , Wang Qian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Traditional irrigation methods in protected vegetable production such as furrow irrigation result in low water use efficiency. New techniques, such as drip irrigation, micro-sprinkling irrigation have been developed for improving water use efficiency. However, these techniques have not been tested in greenhouse celery production. In this study, three different irrigation techniques micro-sprinkler irrigation (MS), furrow irrigation under plastic film mulching (PF) and micro-sprinkler irrigation under the plastic film mulching (MSP) were investigated whether the three techniques can improve the yield, quality and water use efficiency of greenhouse-grown celery, compared to furrow irrigation (FI). Results: The individual plant weight of celery was higher under MS, PF and MSP than under FI in both autumn season crop (AC) and spring season crop (SC), compared to FI. In AC and SC, the economic yield of celery increases under MSP by 54.18% and 49.55%, the economic yield of celery increases under PF by 30.37% and 34.10%. The irrigation amount of MSP was 151.69 and 179.91 m3 667 m-2 in AC and SC, which was 23.13% and 27.27% lower than that of FI. The irrigation amount of PF was 151.69 and 196.78 m3 667 m-2 in AC and SC, which was 23.13% and 20.45% lower than that of FI. PF and MSP reduced the irrigation amount of celery cultivation in greenhouse, and soil evaporation content. Conclusions: In short, MSP and PF promoted the growth and yield of celery in greenhouse with improved quality and water use efficiency.
Differential associations of patterns of co-existing MRI lesions with knee pain at rest and on joint loading: a within-person knee-matched case-control study
Authors: Liu Qiang , Lane Nancy E. , Hunter David , Xing Dan , Li Zhikun , Lin Jianhao , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To assess the association of co-existing MRI lesions with knee pain at rest or on joint loading.Methods: We included participants from Osteoarthritis Initiative whose pain score, measured by WOMAC sub-scales, differed by ≥1 point at rest (in bed and with sitting/lying down) or on joint loading (with walking and on stairs) between two knees. Cartilage morphology, bone marrow lesions, meniscus extrusion, meniscus morphology, Hoffa’s synovitis and synovitis-effusion were assessed using the compartment-specific MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score. We performed latent class analyses to identify subgroups of co-existing MRI lesions and fitted a conditional logistic regression model to examine their associations with knee pain. Results: Among 130 eligible participants, we identified five subgroups of knees according to patterns of co-existing MRI lesions: I. minimal lesions; II. mild lesions; III. moderate morphological lesions; IV. moderate multiple reactive lesions; and V. severe lesions. Compared with subgroup I, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of greater pain in bed were 1.6 (0.3, 7.2), 2.2 (0.5, 9.5), 6.2 (1.3, 29.6) and 11.2 (2.1, 59.2) for subgroups II-V, respectively. A similar association was observed between aforementioned subgroups and pain with sitting/lying down. The ORs (95% CI) of greater pain with walking were 1.0 (reference), 1.7 (0.5, 6.1), 0.7 (0.2, 2.3), 5.0 (1.4, 18.6) and 7.9 (2.0, 31.5) for subgroup I-V, respectively. The corresponding analysis for pain on stairs showed similar results. Conclusions: Distinct patterns of co-existing MRI lesions have different implications for the pathogenesis of osteoarthritic knee pain occurring with/without joint loading.
Novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of fusion broad range anti- infective protein ricin A chain mutant-pokeweed antiviral protein 1 (RTAM-PAP1) in silico
Authors: Hassan Yasser , Ogg Sherry , Ge Hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A deadly pandemic named COVID-19 caused by a new coronavirus SARS- CoV-2 has emerged in 2019 and is still spreading globally at a dangerous pace. As of today, there are no proven vaccines, therapies or even strategies to fight off this virus. Here, we describe the in silico results of a novel broad range anti-infective fusion protein RTAM-PAP1 against the various key pro- teins of SARS-CoV-2 using the latest protein-ligand docking software. RTAM-PAP1 was compared against the SARS-CoV-2 B38 antibody, ricin A chain, pokeweed antiviral protein from leaves and the lectin griffithsin using CoDockPP special COVID-19 version. These experiments revealed novel binding mechanisms of RTAM-PAP1 with high affinity to numerous targets with anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects. RTAM-PAP1 was further characterized in a preliminary toxicity study in mice and was found to likely be a potent anti- SARS-CoV-2 agent. These findings might lead to the discovery of novel SARS-CoV-2 targets and therapeutic protein structures.
Nine Recommendations for Decision Aid Implementation from the Clinician Perspective
Authors: Ankolekar Anshu , Vanneste Ben G.L. , Gurp Esther Bloemen-van , Roermund Joep van , Berlanga Adriana , Roumen Cheryl , Limbergen Evert van , Lutgens Ludy , Marcelissen Tom , Lambin Philippe , Dekker Andre , Fijten Rianne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Shared decision-making (SDM) aims to empower patients to take an active role in their treatment choices, supported by clinicians and patient decision aids (PDAs). The purpose of this study is to explore barriers and possible facilitators to SDM and a PDA in the prostate cancer trajectory. In the process we identify possible actions that organizations and individuals can take to support implementation in practice.
Methods

We use the Ottawa Model of Research Use as a framework to determine the barriers and facilitators to SDM and PDAs from the perspective of clinicians. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with urologists (n = 4), radiation oncologists (n = 3), and oncology nurses (n = 2), focusing on the current decision-making process experienced by these stakeholders. Questions included their attitudes towards SDM and PDAs, barriers to implementation and possible strategies to overcome them.
Results

Time pressure and patient characteristics were cited as major barriers by 55% of the clinicians we interviewed. Structural factors such as external quotas for certain treatment procedures were also considered as barriers by 44% of the clinicians. Facilitating factors involved organizational changes to embed PDAs in the treatment trajectory, training in using PDAs as a tool for SDM, and clinician motivation by disseminating positive clinical outcomes. Our findings also suggest a role for external stakeholders such as healthcare insurers in creating economic incentives to facilitate implementation.
Conclusion

Our findings highlight the importance of a multi-faceted implementation strategy to support SDM. While clinician motivation and patient activation are essential, structural/economic barriers may hamper implementation. Action must also be taken at the administrative and policy levels to foster a collaborative environment for SDM and in the process for PDAs.
Patients’ experiences with the advanced practice nurse role in Swiss family practices: a qualitative study
Authors: Schönenberger Nicole , Sottas Beat , Merlo Christoph , Essig Stefan , Gysin Stefan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Considering shortages of general practitioners (GP) and strategies for improving the quality of health care provision, many countries have implemented interprofessional care models with advanced practice nurses (APN). International evidence suggests that APN care results in high patient satisfaction. In Switzerland, the role is still new, and the patient perspective has not yet been researched. Our aim was therefore to explore patients’ experiences with the APN role in Swiss family practices.Methods: We conducted 22 semi-structured interviews in four different family practices with patients aged 18 to 97 suffering from minor acute to multiple chronic diseases, and who had at least one consultation with an APN. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results: The analysis resulted in five themes: Despite the unfamiliarity, all patients were willing to be consulted by an APN because it was recommended by their GP (1); after several encounters, most participants perceived differences between the APN and the GP consultation in terms of the length and approach of the consultations as well as the complexity of their tasks (2); the interviewees emphasised coaching, guidance, care coordination, and GP-assisting tasks as APN core competencies and attributed the characteristics empathetic, trustworthy, and competent to the APN role (3); most patients especially valued home visits and the holistic approach of the APNs, but they also noticed that in certain cases GP supervision was required (4); and due to the close collaboration between the APN and the GP, patients felt safe, well cared for and experienced improvements in physical and psychological well-being as well as in daily activities (5). Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients value the APNs’ competencies, despite their initial lack of role knowledge. Overall, they perceived an added value due to the enlargement of the scope of practice offered by APNs. The patient perspective might provide valuable insights for further APN role implementation in Swiss family practices.
27-Gauge trocar-assisted sutureless intraocular lens fixation.
Authors: Jujo Tatsuya , Kogo Jiro , Sasaki Hiroki , Sekine Reio , Sato Keiji , Ebisutani Sakura , Toyoda Yasuhiro , Kitaoka Yasushi , Takagi Hitoshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds:
However there have been numerous investigations of intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation techniques, there is room for improvement in terms of simplifying complicated techniques and reducing the high levels of skill required. This study aimed to report a novel technique for sutureless intrascleral fixation of the IOL using retinal forceps with a 27-gauge trocar.
Methods
Nineteen eyes of 18 patients underwent intrascleral fixation of the IOL from July 2018 to September 2019 were enrolled in this study. A 27-gauge trocar formed 3-mm scleral tunnels positioned at 4 and 10 o’clock, 2 mm from the corneal limbus. We used a 3-piece IOL haptic grasped by a 27-gauge retinal forceps and pulled from the 27-gauge trocar. The IOL was fixed by making a flange. Main outcome measures were visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell density, IOL tilt, decentration, predicted error of refraction and complications.
Results
The 19 eyes were followed up for 1 month. The mean pre- and postoperative logMAR uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 1.06 ± 0.63 and 0.40 ± 0.26, respectively (p < 0.01), while the mean pre- and postoperative logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.27 ± 0.51 and 0.06 ± 0.15, respectively (p = 0.09). The mean corneal endothelial cell density was 2406 ± 625 to 2004 ± 759 cells/mm2 at 1 month (p = 0.13). The mean IOL tilt was 3.52 ± 3.00°, and the mean IOL decentration was 0.39 ± 0.39 mm. There was no correlation among IOL tilt, decentration and BCVA (p > 0.05). The mean prediction error of the target refraction was − 0.03 ± 0.93 D. The complications were vitreous hemorrhage (3 eyes), hyphema (1 eye), IOP elevation (1 eye), iris capture of the IOL (1 eye) and hypotony (2 eyes). No IOL dislocation occurred.
Conclusions
IOL intrascleral fixation with a flange achieved good IOL fixation and visual outcome in the scleral tunnels created with the 27-gauge trocar.
The Effect of Periodic Ketogenic Diet on Newly Diagnosed Overweight or Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Li Sumei , Lin Guoxin , Chen Jinxing , Chen Zhenxin , Xu Feipeng , Zhu Feng , Zhang Jintian , Yuan Shouping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background To observe the effect of periodic ketogenic diet intervention on newly diagnosed overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 overweight or obese T2DM patients were randomly divided into ketogenic diet group and diabetes diet control group, 30 patients in each group. The changes and significance of blood glucose, blood lipid, body weight, insulin, uric acid and other indicators before and after the intervention were observed.Results The Weight, BMI, Waist, TG, TC, LDL, HDL, FBG, FINS, HbA1c of the two groups decreased significantly compared with the previous period (P < 0.05). However, UA showed an increasing trend in the ketogenic diet group and no significant change in UA in the diabetic diet control group (P > 0.05). Long-term adherence to the ketogenic diet was not as strong as that of the diabetic diet.Conclusion The phased-ketogenic diet can control not only weight but also blood glucose and blood lipid in patients with overweight or obese T2DM. But long-term persistence is difficult.
Determinants of Severe Acute Malnutrition Among 6-59 Months’ Children at Dubti Referral Hospital, Afar Agro-Pastoralist Region North Eastern Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Ali Ibrahim Hussein , Jemal Mohammed , Gebre Abel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe acute malnutrition(SAM) is one of the major public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia specifically in Afar having an overwhelming consequence on the survives of several children under five-years of age. This study intends to identify the determinants of SAM among 6-59 months of children at Dubti referral hospital, Afar Regional State, EthiopiaMethods: An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted in Dubti referral Hospital from March 1 to May 15, 2018. The sample size was calculated using Epi-InfoTM version 7.2.2.6 Statistical software. Using cases-control (1:2), the total sample size was 297(cases 99, controls 196). A systematic random sampling technique was used, data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire, entered in Epi-info TM, and analyzed using SPSS 21 version using binary logistic regression, with P < 0.05 considered significant. Result: The response rate was 100 % (297), mean age of the cases and controls was 14.8 months (SD ± 7.9) and 26.9 months (SD ± 15.9), respectively. Of the participants, 58.58% were male, 85.4% were Muslim, and 65.65% were of Afar ethnicity. SAM was significantly associated with children aged 6-11 months and 12-23 months adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.3, 95%CI 3.64-6.73, 11.2, 95% CI 7.89-14.5), respectively. Rural residences (AOR=2.8, 95% CI 2.62-5.73), and low monthly family income (<$30) (AOR=3.8, 95% CI 2.97-4.87) were independent predictors of SAM. This study revealed low ANC visits (32.2%), low exclusive breastfeeding practices (34.9%), and low vaccination coverage (29.6%). Conclusion: Children aged 12-23 months, rural dwellers, and low monthly family income (<$30) were identified as independent predictors of SAM. This study revealed low ANC visits, low exclusive breastfeeding practice, and low immunization coverage. Hence, cooperative efforts are needed to increase promotion of enhanced child caring practices specifically, child and maternal feeding practices, and ANC follow up and vaccination practice.