bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of the new oblique locking compression hip screw
Authors: Nakagawa Shota , Toyonaga Masato , Sawaguchi Takeshi , Matsushita Takashi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of the newly developed oblique locking hip screw (OLHS) compared with those of the commonly used cephalomedullary nail (CMN) in trochanteric femoral fracture treatment in older patients.
Methods: This was single-center retrospective study of patients with trochanteric fractures. Overall, 129 patients were analyzed: 64 treated with OLHS and 65 with CMN. Patient demographic data, fracture classification, surgical parameters (e.g., operating time and intraoperative blood loss), and clinical outcomes were assessed. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated using radiographic findings and statistical analyses, including Fisher’s exact test and the Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: The study included 57 patients in both the OLHS and CMN groups with 3 months of radiographic follow-up data. OLHS was more commonly used for stable AO A1 fractures, whereas CMN was preferred for unstable A2 fractures. The OLHS group showed slightly better outcomes in terms of reduced stability, with less frequent postoperative telescoping than the CMN group (4.8±4.3 mm for OLHS vs. 3.0±4.7 mm for CMN, p < 0.05). No significant differences in mortality, bone union rates, or adverse outcomes were observed between the two groups. However, two patients in the CMN group exhibited nonunion and one required conversion to total hip arthroplasty.
Conclusion: OLHS provides satisfactory clinical outcomes comparable to those of CMN for trochanteric fractures, with potential advantages in terms of stability and lack of observable negative outcomes. OLHS may serve as a viable option for treating various types of trochanteric fractures, including unstable fractures.
Possibilities of the EcoMedic digital platform in diagnostics functional disorders
Authors: Onopriev V. V. , Bolotova E. V. , Dudnikova A. V. , Batrakova L. V. , Abramenko A. G. , Gubareva D. A. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Studying the influence of chemical sensitivity on functional disorders by means of digital diagnostic technologies is a significant medical and social problem.Aim. To study the possibility of the EcoMedic digital platform in the diagnosis of functional disorders with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCH).Materials and methods. Questionnaires were administered using the QEESI questionnaire to 468 outpatients undergoing preventive medical examination (232 men, mean age 34.2 ± 9.3 years and 236 women mean age 42.9 ± 13.8 years). Data were collected using the developed digital platform EcoMedic. Statistical processing was performed using MedCalc statistical programme.Results. The frequency of MCH was 211 patients (45.1%). The most frequent complaints in MCH were gastrointestinal (n = 174, 82.4%); second were cognitive symptoms (n = 158, 75.1%); dall neurological (n = 149, 71.1%); musculoskeletal (n = 144, 68.5%); neuromuscular (n = 139, 66.4%); respiratory and mucosal (n = 130, 62.1%); cutaneous (n = 124, 59.1%); affective (n = 118, 56.4%). In MCH, symptom frequency across all 10 symptom groups was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.0001). In MCH, the frequency of symptoms in all 10 groups of symptoms was significantly higher than in patients without MCH (p < 0.0001). The frequency of overlapping of 3 regions of the MCH scales simultaneously in the group of patients with MCH was higher than without MCH (60.2% vs 3.1%, χ2 = 186.065, p = 0.000). The proportion of people with thresholds for severity of symptoms or impact on daily life according to only one of the scales in the group of patients with HCV was significantly lower (9% vs 32.6%, χ2 = 37.853, p = 0.001).Conclusions. The EcoMedic digital platform has prospects for scaling technologies to diagnose patients with HCV and conduct scientific and practical studies of functional symptoms.
Lung diseases in adult patients with primary immunodeficiencies with defects of antibody production according to real clinical practice
Authors: Kovtun О. P. , Beltyukov E. K. , Karakina M. L. , Naumova V. V. , Kalmatov R. K. , Azhimamatova R. , Ismailov I. D. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The problem of lung diseases in patients with primary defects in antibody production has not been sufficiently studied, especially depending on the climatic, geographical and demographic conditions of real clinical practice.Aim. To study the structure of lung disorders in adult patients with primary antibodies defects in the Middle Urals in real clinical practice.Materials and methods. Register of adult patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) were created in 2013 in the Sverdlovsk region. Now it contains 209 people. The main group of the register is patients with primary antibodies defects (PAD, n = 143, 68.4%: agammaglobulinemia (AGG, n = 11, common variable immune deficiency (CVID, n = 37), PIK3-Kinase deficiency (n = 3), Selective IgA deficiency (SD IgA, n = 92). The diagnosis of PID was established on the criteria for the Russian Association of Allergists and Clinical Immunologists and European Societies of Immunodeficencies, in some cases it has a genetic confirmation. We used medical history of patients, radiological, functional studies to establish lung lesions. We occurred immunological examination for all PID patients.Results. Repeated pneumonia were observed in all patients with AGG and CVID, especially in the onset of PID. Patients also had diseases such as bronchiectasis (up to 37.6% of patients), chronic obstructive lung disease (up to 70.3% of patients), bronchial asthma (only SD IgA), interstitial lung disease (only CVID).Conclusion. According to our data, in the Middle Urals, lung diseases, especially pneumonia and bronchiectasis, are the most common clinical manifestations in patients with DA. Analysis of immunoglobulins' level is necessary in patients with repeated pneumonia, bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease, bronchial asthma and early onset of chronic obstructive lung disease without smoking status.
Prediction of restrictive ventilation disorders after COVID-19
Authors: Savushkina O. I. , Muravyeva E. S. , Avdeev S. N. , Zaitsev A. A. , Nekludova G. N. , Kryukov E. V. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The effect of SARS-COV-2 on the lung function remains relevant at the present time.Aim. Determination of the most important predictors of the restrictive ventilation disorder after COVID-19.Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 341 patients without underlying lung diseases (median age 48 years) survivors after COVID-19 with bilateral pneumonia. The median of the greatest extent of parenchymal involvement in the acute phase of COVID-19 (CTmax) was 50%. Spirometry, body plethysmography, and diffusion test were performed. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, one-dimensional logistic regression analysis with an assessment of odds ratios (OR) and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied. ROC analysis was used to assess the quality of the binary classifier model.Results. The initial model for predicting reduced total lung capacity (TLC) (criterion 1: TLC < 80% predicted, criterion 2: TLC<predicted-1.645SD) included predictors: CTmax, time interval from the COVID-19 onset (TI), gender, age, body mass index. Backward stepwise regression was applied and a binary classifier model that includes CTmax and TI was obtained. Applying criterion 1 for reducing TLC, the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 70,5% and 89.3%, respectively, and criterion 2 - 96.6% and 67.3%, respectively. The analysis of OR for the obtained binary classifier models showed that OR>1 is observed at CTmax > 70%.Conclusions. The restrictive ventilation disorder after COVID-19 is caused by CTmax and TI. The risk of reducing TLC after COVID-19 increases significantly with CTmax 70% or more. The criterion of the low level of normal of TLC affects the sensitivity and specificity of the obtained models.
Respiratory support and oxygen therapy at home: Clinical results of the prospective observatory study
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Nevzorova D. N. , Ivanova G. E. , Lebedev G. S. , Suponeva N. A. , Avxentyeva M. V. , Shaburov R. I. , Larin E. S. , Komarov A. N. , Levitsky G. N. , Nazarov S. E. , Merzhoeva Z. M. , Karchevskaya N. A. , Morev A. V. , Movsisyan V. A. , Vasilyeva A. S. , Delmaeva Kh. S. , Bykov A. O. , Pervozvanskiy B. E. , Tkachenko V. V. , Krokhin K. A. , Nuralieva G. S. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Respiratory diseases are number one in the structure of general morbidity of the population of the Russian Federation. The main complication of respiratory diseases is respiratory failure, which may be treated with long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and respiratory support (RS): non-invasive mechanical lung ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical lung ventilation (IV). International medical experience indicates a widespread enough implementation of respiratory support and oxygen therapy at home (RS and OT at home) for patients including whose requiring palliative medical care.Aim. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical results of implementation of respiratory support and oxygen therapy at home.Materials and methods. The study included 98 patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF). All patients used RS and OT at home according to the Study Protocol. All patients were divided into 3 groups: LTOT - 47 patients, NIV in combination or with-out LTOT - 43 patients, IV in combination or without LTOT - 8 patients. The estimated parameters of the patients' condition were measured at the initiating visit and three subsequent control sessions. The planned duration of the Study was 9 months.Results. During the Study, a statistically significant decrease in the severity of symptoms of respiratory failure was noted (CAT and mMRC scales) as well as an improvement in the quality of life and the general condition of the patient (SF-36 questionnaire and Karnovsky scale). During the study, 38 patients required hospitalization: in 8 cases hospitalization was associated with an exacerbation of CRF. The number of successful outcomes was 87 cases.Conclusion. The Study showed that RS and OT at home is an effective and safe medical technology for patients with CFR, which reduces the manifestation of symptoms, improves the quality of life, reduces the number of hospitalizations associated with exacerbation of respiratory failure, reduces mortality, and demonstrates the effectiveness of using a modern respiratory equipment at home, as well as telemedicine technologies.
Effectiveness of anti-IL-5Rα-therapy in patients with T2-inflammatory airway diseases in real clinical practice
Authors: Naumova V. V. , Beltyukov E. К. , Zykov K. A. , Kovtun О. P. , Lepeshkova T. S. , Smolenskaya O. G. , Bykova G. A. , Troshina V. I. , Mineeva A. N. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. There is insufficient data on effectiveness and safety of targeted drugs aimed at T2 inflammation in real-life practice.Aim. To evaluate benralizumab effectiveness in patients with T2-inflammatory airway diseases in real-life clinical practice and to identify predictors of a positive response to therapy.Materials and methods. Patients' data from Sverdlovsk region registry with non-allergic eosinophilic (n = 32) and mixed (n = 6) severe asthma received benralizumab were analyzed. Reduction in proportion of patients requiring systemic GCS and proportion of patients with a good response to therapy according to BARS were the main endpoints. Dynamics in ACT score, basic therapy, asthma exacerbations frequency, emergency calls and hospitalizations, FEV1 and eosinophil blood count, scores in AQLQ, SNOT-22 and VAS were also evaluated. Control visits were conducted at baseline, after 4 and 12 months of benralizumab administration. Analysis of good response predictors to benralizumab was performed.Results. Over 12 months of benralizumab therapy, the proportion of patients requiring systemic GCS decreased by 81.8%. According to BARS, a good response to therapy was demonstrated by 69.6% of patients (n = 16), satisfactory - 21.7% (n = 5), and insufficient - 8.7% (n = 2). Significant positive dynamics were observed in asthma control level, therapy volume (doses of inhaled GCS, intake of LABA, SABA), frequency of asthma exacerbations and hospitalizations, FEV1 and eosinophil blood count, AQLQ, SNOT-22 and VAS questionnaires. Patients with insufficient response to benralizumab had high initial blood eosinophilia.Conclusions. In real clinical practice, benralizumab improves asthma control, reduces frequency of asthma exacerbations even in discontinuation of SGCS and reduction of basic therapy, improves lung function, quality of life, and reduces nasal symptoms in patients with concomitant inflammatory nasal diseases. A possible predictor of insufficient response to benralizumab was high initial eosinophilia (>2330 cells/μl).
Changes in QT interval in HIV patients treated with bedaquiline
Authors: Panteleev A. M. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. A modern problem of phthisiology is the treatment of patients with a combination of drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV infection. One of the most effective modern drugs in the treatment of MDR tuberculosis is bedaquiline. However, this drug has a number of adverse effects, among which the dominant one is the cardiotoxic effect, manifested in the form of prolongation of the QT interval. The risk of cardiac adverse events is increased in patients receiving other drugs with a cardiotoxic effect in combination therapy. These include fluoroquinolones and protease inhibitors used to treat HIV infection.Aim. To analyze the dynamics of the QT interval in patients with a combination of tuberculosis and HIV infection who received complex anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral therapy and determination of the risks of developing cardiac complications.Materials and methods. The analysis of the dynamics of the QTc interval values was performed in 91 patients with a combination of drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV infection who received bedaquiline in the tuberculosis chemotherapy regimen. The inclusion criteria for the study were the presence of HIV infection, newly diagnosed tuberculosis verified by a bacteriological method with the presence of multiple or extensive drug resistance of MBT, the use of bedaquiline in the tuberculosis treatment regimen, the use of antiretroviral therapy during anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.Results. During the complex therapy, which included bedaquiline and other potentially cardiotoxic drugs (fluoroquinolones, protease inhibitors), in no case was there a clinically significant event or change in the QTc interval that required treatment interruption. Factor analysis revealed a potentially significant effect on the change in the QTc interval of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in tuberculosis chemotherapy regimens.Conclusion. Bedaquiline is a safe anti-tuberculosis drug in terms of cardiotoxic reactions in the complex therapy of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection and is well tolerated without the development of clinically significant cardiotoxic reactions.
Distribution of values of indicators of minimum suppressive concentrations of antibiotics in relation to gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from cystic fibrosis
Authors: Galieva R. R. , Kondratenko O. V. , Gavrilova O. N. , Kokorev D. A. , Bochkareva P. V. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis is a severe chronic genetic disease, in which the microbiological status of the patient plays an important role, because it will determine the severity of the respiratory infection. In recent years, representatives of non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) - P. aeruginosa, B. cenocepacia, Axylosoxidans; as well as representatives of the order Flavobacteriales - have become of great clinical importance in patients with cystic fibrosis. A feature of some representatives of NFGNB is the formation of resistance to antibacterial drugs, due to prolonged antimicrobial therapy. In addition to the acquired, there is a high level of natural resistance, and therefore the possibilities of using antibacterial drugs are significantly limited.Aim. To estimate the distribution of the values of the minimum suppressive concentrations (MSC) of cefepim / sulbactam, piperacillin / tazobactam, biapenem in relation to 100 strains of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from respiratory samples from patients with cystic fibrosis.Materials and methods. To date, new compounds have appeared with potential activity against the strains under consideration - cefepim / sulbactam, piperacillin / tazobactam, biapenem. We selected 100 bacterial strains isolated from respiratory samples from patients with cystic fibrosis from various regions of the Russian Federation. Among them, 69 strains are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 - Achromobacter xylosoxidans, 14 - Burkholderia cenocepacia, 10 - Chryseobacterium spp., 1 - Elizabethkingia miricola. MSC values were determined for 3 antimicrobial drugs: cefepim / sulbactam, piperacillin / tazobactam, biapenem.Results and discussions. According to the data obtained, it was found that most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Achromobacter xylosoxidans have a high level of sensitivity to cefepim/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam. The criteria for evaluating the MSC indicators of the studied drugs in relation to Burkholderia cenocepacia and representatives of the order Flavobacteriales have not been determined, however, it is worth noting that most isolates have demonstrated an achievable value of MSC indicators. This suggests the possibility of practical application of antimicrobial drugs under test.Conclusions. The data obtained indicate the microbiological efficacy of the drugs: cefepim/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, biapenem relative to NFGNB isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.
Evaluation of the spectrum of sensitization in children with bronchial asthma in Moscow and Moscow region
Authors: Kolosova N. G. , Denisova A. R. , Denisova V. D. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Chronic allergic respiratory inflammation triggered by contact with cause-significant allergens is the pathogenetic characteristic of atopic bronchial asthma. Identification of sensitization is essential for successful therapy of bronchial asthma.Aim. To study age-related changes in the spectrum of sensitization to allergens in children with bronchial asthma followed up in healthcare facilities of Moscow and Moscow region.Materials and methods. A total of 970 children aged 0 to 17 years 11 months residing in Moscow and Moscow region were include in the retrospective, cross-sectional, population-based study of the spectrum of allergic sensitization of bronchial asthma based on their medical records.Results. Total IgE was only assessed in 37.11% (n = 360) of patients from the study cohort of children with bronchial asthma, of which an elevated IgE level was identified in 81% of cases (292 children), suggesting the prevalence of the atopic bronchial asthma phenotype over non-atopic asthma phenotype. The analysis showed the changing patterns of allergen sensitization by age group. Most of the patients, irrespective of their age, showed sensitization to household allergens. In addition to household allergen sensitization, food sensitization was also reported in 36% in children under 4 years of age, which was the highest rate as compared to other age periods. Sensitization to household and pollen allergens was found to increase significantly as children age (p < 0.05). Cross-sensitization (to pollens produced from wind-pollinated plants) to food allergens was low, but increased from an early age up to 15-18 years. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common comorbidity of asthma and accounts for 18% with a gradual increase in indicators by the age of 18. Children with concurrent asthma have almost the same incidence of developing atopic dermatitis up to age 18.Conclusions. The prevalence of sensitization to food allergens has been established in children with asthma residing in Moscow and Moscow region under 4 years old, and the prevalence of sensitization to household, pollen and epidermal allergens — over 5 years old, which should be taken into account when managing these patients.
The extreme climate event change trend forecast in the Huaihe River Basin, China
Authors: Zhou Ke 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

First, this paper studied the selection of indices for extreme climate event evaluation. Then, the estimation of the extreme value distribution of rainfall events in different recurrence periods was studied. A reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method based on a generalized extreme distribution was proposed. For data series analysis in different scenarios, the method of equal weight set average was adopted. Finally, based on three climate models, the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the extreme climate in the Huaihe River Basin under three scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5) were forecasted. The spatial distribution of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures shows a consistent trend, increasing from the upper reaches to the middle and lower reaches of the Huaihe River. Extreme rainfall analysis in different recurrence periods under the three scenarios revealed that the maximum 1-day and 5-day rainfall amounts were greater than those in the historical periods in the Huaihe River Basin. The annual precipitation in the Huaihe River Basin shows a weak increasing trend. It can be shown from the study results that by the late 21st century, climate change under the future climate change impact scenarios will increase greatly.
Decentralized water quality classification using federated learning with recurrent neural networks
Authors: Rejula M. Anline , Minija S. Jasmine , Sophia S. Gnana , Barakka J. Angel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The preservation of human health and the integrity of the ecosystem depend on regular assessments of water quality. Nevertheless, conventional centralised methodologies encounter difficulties concerning data privacy, scalability, and resource constraints. This research presents an innovative, privacy-preserving approach utilising federated learning with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to overcome these restrictions. Our approach facilitates decentralised training of predictive models across remote water monitoring sources, such as treatment facilities and field stations, without the need to transfer sensitive data, in contrast to previous methods. Our methodology uniquely captures temporal trends in water quality data, such as variations in pH, dissolved oxygen, and pollutant levels, by integrating federated learning with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. Experimental results indicate that our method attains a classification accuracy of 92.3% while simultaneously improving data confidentiality and scalability, rendering it a practical instrument for decentralised water quality monitoring in real-world applications. This new approach provides a significant leap in environmental monitoring by enabling secure, large-scale, and collaborative analysis of water quality data.