bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategi Dakwah Kampung Qur’an Dalam Meningkatkan Nilai-Nilai Religius Di Desa Kalidilem Randuagung Lumajang
Authors: Widiastutik Rizkia , Ghulam Zainil 
Published: October 2020

Religious activities in the village of Kalidilem are already running but there are still some residents, especially teenagers, who get drunk and promiscuity. To overcome this problem a Kampung Qur’an program is formed. Kampung Qur'an is one of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU, Islamic Organization) Lumajang programs that synergizes with JQH in the form of a missionary institution tasked with spreading the message of da'wah with the Qur'an. The village of the Qur'an was fully surrendered to the NU Autonomous Agency in charge of al-Qur'an. In the process of da'wah an important thing to consider is the da'wah strategy. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The conclusion of this study is the da'wah strategy used by the Qur'an Village there are 5 namely: 1) Sentimental strategy: conducting regular recitation, giving advice with good words, such as calling mad'u as "O my brothers, O my children" . 2) Rational strategy: invite people to discuss together. 3) Sensory Strategy: direct the practice of worship. 4) Ta'lim strategy: holding al-Qur'an illiteracy eradication program, development of tahfidzul quran, qiro'atul quran, art of calligraphy, organizing majlis of Qur'an interpretation and interpreneur of the Qur'an. 5) emulate the Prophet's strategy. The inhibiting factor of the preaching strategy of Kampung Qur'an is the lack of capable human resources in the field of al-Qur'an studies, understanding community psychology and having metacognitive abilities and philosophical thinking.
Keywords: Da'wah strategy, religious values, Kampung Qur’an.
High intensity focused ultrasound enhances anti-tumor immunity through promoting CD4 Th1 effector T cell response
Authors: Zhang Haiying , Han Kun 
Published: October 2020

Background: Melanoma accounts for more than 80% of deaths from all dermatologic cancers, mainly due to its widespread metastasis. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising technique for cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the efficacy of HIFU against melanoma and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: A melanoma allograft mouse model was established to examine the tumor progression and survival rate. Anti-tumor immunity was determined by measuring cytokines, regulatory T cells (Tregs), Th17 cells and CD8+ effector T cells. Western blot, qPCR, RNAi and luciferase assay were performed to confirm the expression and regulation of microRNA (miR)-9-5p and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).
Results: HIFU exposure significantly suppressed melanoma growth and metastasis by activating interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion, inhibiting Tregs and Th17 cells, and stimulating CD8+ effector T cells. TGF-β was a direct target of miR-9-5p. The anti-tumor effect of HIFU might be mediated through the miR-9-5p/TGF-β pathway.
Conclusion: HIFU activates anti-tumor response and alters tumor microenvironment, which may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.
Deducing a Variational Principle with Minimal A Priori Assumptions
Authors: Krieger Andrew , Menz Georg , Tassy Martin 
Published: October 2020

We study the well-known variational and large deviation principle for graph homomorphisms from $\mathbb{Z}^m$ to $\mathbb{Z}$. We provide a robust method to deduce those principles under minimal a priori assumptions. The only ingredient specific to the model is a discrete Kirszbraun theorem i.e. an extension theorem for graph homomorphisms. All other ingredients are of a general nature not specific to the model. They include elementary combinatorics, the compactness of Lipschitz functions, and a simplicial Rademacher theorem. Compared to the literature, our proof does not need any other preliminary results like e.g. concentration or strict convexity of the local surface tension. Therefore, the method is very robust and extends to more complex and subtle models, as e.g. the homogenization of limit shapes or graph-homomorphisms to a regular tree.
META-ANALISIS PENGARUH STRATEGI PQ4R DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Kurniawan Mohammad Heru Dwi , Mujiwati Endang Sri , Kurnia Ita 
Published: October 2020

This research aimed to analyze the effect of the PQ4R strategy on Indonesian Language material. The PQ4R strategy was a learning strategy used that make students remember what they read and what they can help in teaching and learning process in the class which was conducted by reading the books. The research used a meta-analysis method by using two national journal articles. The calculations on the two articles provided different results. The results of the first analysis article had an effect size of (1.33) which means that it had the highest effect size. While , in the second article it had the effect size of (0.84) which means the effect size is high. The PQ4R strategy affected in learning outcomes and it can be used in Indonesian in the high of the elementary school.
Edgebond and Edgefill Induced Loading Effect on Large WLCSP Thermal Cycling Performance
Authors: Hsiao Andy , Baty Greg , Ibe Edward , Loh Karl , Perng Steve , Xie Weidong , Lee Tae-Kyu 
Published: October 2020

Various external load conditions affecting components on electronic devices and modules are constant factors, which need to be considered for the component long-term reliability. Recently, to enhance the high stress component thermo-mechanical cycling performance, various types and configuration using edgebond and edgefill technology are introduced and tested. These applications induce a multi-axis loading condition, which alter the degradation mechanism and failure location during thermal cycling, which need closer investigation. In this study, high stress 12x12mm2 wafer level chip scale packages (WLCSP) were selected and subject to thermal cycling with full-edgebond, dot-edgebond and edgefill adhesive, which improves the characteristic lifecycle numbers base on the configurations, but altered the failure location due to different stress conditions. The -40 to 125oC thermal cycling profile revealed localized degradation per configuration during thermal cycling, showed a shift of the crack propagation path, based on full-edgebond, dot-edgebond and edgefill adhesive sample conditions. Through these series of observation, the interconnect thermal cycling degradation mechanisms are able to be explained. The correlation between the stress condition and microstructure are presented and discussed based on Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis.
Does Fiscal Policy Tools have the Potential to Stimulate Performance of Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria?
Authors: Ubesie Cyril Madubuko , Ananwude Amalachukwu , Cyracus Ezechi Nwanekpe , Emmanuel Ebe 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: There is no denying the fact that the Nigerian manufacturing sector is not performing up to the expectation. The poor performance of the manufacturing sector is attributed largely to the poor state of basic infrastructures, especially power supply, and good road networks. To this end, this study examined the potential of fiscal policy to stimulate manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria.
Methods: The model estimation employed the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique, while the effect of estimation was carried out using the Granger causality test based on the data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) for the period of 1986 to 2019.
Results: The result of the analysis revealed that recurrent expenditure has no significant effect on manufacturing sector performance. However, capital expenditure, fiscal deficit, and the company’s income tax significantly affect manufacturing sector performance.
Implications: The Federal, State, and Local governments should stop wasteful expenditure on unnecessary entertainment on meetings, seminars, workshops, foreign trips, etc. to increase spending on basic industrial infrastructures, most importantly on the power supply and road network to stimulate the manufacturing sector performance.
Profitability Determinants of Palm Oil Marketing in Umuahia Agricultural Zone of Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Anyanwu Uchechi Gerarada , Osuji Emeka Emmanuel , Ben-Chendo Nkiruka Glory 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: This study aims to ascertain the profitability determinants of palm oil marketing in Umuahia Agricultural Zone of Abia State, Nigeria.
Methods: Data on socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, cost, and returns of palm oil marketing in the area were collected using a multi-stage sampling technique from 60 palm oil marketers in Abia State. A descriptive statistical technique, marketing margin, profitability models, and the ordinary least squares multiple regression techniques were used to analyze the data obtained.
Results: The empirical analysis showed that palm oil marketers mean age to be 47 years with a household size of 5 persons. 77% of the palm oil marketers were males while only 23% were females. The mean marketing experience of the palm oil marketers was estimated to be 16 years. The gross and net marketing margins were estimated at N55, 288.91, and N54, 076.91 respectively. The marketing margin was found to be ₦81,221.22 and profitability was estimated at 0.33. Age, household size, education, and marketing experience were statistically significant at 5% and influenced the profitability of palm oil marketing in the area.
Implications: Considering the net profit obtained from palm oil marketing in the area, there is a need to intensify its management and marketing strategies to further harness more profitable outcomes in the future. Also enabling environment should be created to make production and marketing of the product less stressful, especially for women entrepreneurs.
"Flora of Russia" on iNaturalist: a dataset
Authors: Seregin Alexey , Bochkov Dmitriy , Shner Julia , Garin Eduard , Pospelov Igor , Prokhorov Vadim , Golyakov Pavel , Mayorov Sergey , Svirin Sergey , Khimin Alexander , Gorbunova Marina , Kashirina Ekaterina , Kuryakova Olga , Bolshakov Boris , Ebel Aleksandr , Khapugin Anatoliy , Mallaliev Maxim , Mirvoda Sergey , Lednev Sergey , Nesterkova Dina , Zelenova Nadezhda , Nesterova Svetlana , Zelenkova Viktoriya , Vinogradov Georgy , Biryukova Olga , Verkhozina Alla , Zyrianov Alexey , Gerasimov Sergey , Murtazaliev Ramazan , Basov Yurii , Marchenkova Kira , Vladimirov Dmitry , Safina Dina , Dudov Sergey , Degtyarev Nikolai , Tretyakova Diana , Chimitov Daba , Sklyar Evgenij , Kandaurova Alesya , Bogdanovich Svetlana , Dubynin Alexander , Chernyagina Olga , Lebedev Aleksandr , Knyazev Mikhail , Mitjushina Irina , Filippova Nina , Dudova Kseniia , Kuzmin Igor , Svetasheva Tatyana , Zakharov Vladimir , Travkin Vladimir , Magazov Yaroslav , Teploukhov Vladimir , Efremov Andrey , Deineko Olesya , Stepanov Viktor , Popov Eugene , Kuzmenckin Dmitry , Strus Tatiana , Zarubo Tatyana , Romanov Konstantin , Ebel Alexei , Tishin Denis , Arkhipov Vladimir , Korotkov Vladimir , Kutueva Svetlana , Gostev Vladimir , Krivosheev Mikhail , Gamova Natalia , Belova Veronica , Kosterin Oleg , Prokopenko Sergey , Sultanov Rinat , Kobuzeva Irina , Dorofeev Nikolay , Yakovlev Alexander , Danilevsky Yuriy , Zolotukhina Irina , Yumagulov Damir , Glazunov Valerii , Bakutov Vladimir , Danilin Andrey , Pavlov Igor , Pushay Elena , Tikhonova Elena , Samodurov Konstantin , Epikhin Dmitrii , Silaeva Tatyana , Pyak Andrei , Fedorova Yulia , Samarin Evgeniy , Shilov Denis , Borodulina Valentina , Kropocheva Ekaterina , Kosenkov Gennadiy , Bury Uladzimir , Mitroshenkova Anna , Karpenko Tatiana , Osmanov Ruslan , Kozlova Maria , Gavrilova Tatiana , Senator Stepan , Khomutovskiy Maxim , Borovichev Eugene , Filippov Ilya , Ponomarenko Serguei , Shumikhina Elena , Lyskov Dmitry , Belyakov Evgeny , Kozhin Mikhail , Poryadin Leonid , Leostrin Artem 
Published: October 2020

The "Flora of Russia" project on iNaturalist brought together professional scientists and amateur naturalists from all over the country. Over 10,000 people are involved in the data collection.
Within 20 months the participants accumulated over 750,000 photo observations of 6,853 species of the Russian flora. This constitutes the largest dataset of open spatial data on the country’s biodiversity and a leading source of data on the current state of the national flora. About 85% of all project data are available under free licenses (CC0, CC-BY, CC-BY-NC) and can be freely used in scientific, educational and environmental activities.
Pharmacotherapy costs and medicines reimbursement policies of osteoporosis in the Republic of Bulgaria and Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Chakuleska Lidija , Simeonova Rumyana , Danchev Nikolay 
Published: October 2020

The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare the number of health insured persons suffering from osteoporosis and antiosteoporotic drugs reimbursed by the National Health Insurance Funds (NHIF) in the Republic of Bulgaria (RBG) and Republic of North Macedonia (RNM) for the period 2015–2018. The reimbursement cost paid by the NHIF for the same period in both countries was surveyed.
The results show an increase in both the number of patients with osteoporosis and the cost of the treatment. The most prescribed drug in R. Bulgaria is denosumab and it has the highest costs respectively, while in R.N. Macedonia the most prescribed and respectively the most expensive treatment is the bisphosphonate ibandronic acid, tablets of 150 mg. The trend of rising costs in both countries is likely to continue due to the increasing number of patients with osteoporosis.
The number of patients and cost of pharmacotherapy in RNM and RBG are increasing but the reimbursement policy in RNM is more restrictive in terms of reimbursed medicines. On the other side, the RNM is with a higher level of reimbursement that might positively affect the cost of pharmacotherapy.
Intermittent Electric Generation Technologies and Smart Meters: Substitutes or Complements
Authors: Chiba Fadoua , Rouillon Sébastien 
Published: October 2020

Nous modélisons un marché électrique simplifié avec des producteurs utilisant des générateurs électriques conventionnels ou intermittents et des consommateurs équipés soit de compteurs intelligents avec tarification en temps réel, soit de compteurs traditionnels avec tarification forfaitaire. Nous calculons l’investissement dans les technologies intermittentes et les compteurs intelligents à l’optimum social. Nous montrons que la pénétration optimale des compteurs intelligents croît avec la volatilité du prix de l’électricité au comptant. Il s’ensuit que les capacités de production intermittentes et les compteurs intelligents sont complémentaires, uniquement s’il existe une corrélation négative entre l’énergie intermittente et la demande ou si la capacité des générateurs intermittents est suffisamment importante. Dans le cas contraire, des capacités de production intermittentes plus importantes contribuent en fait à réduire la volatilité du prix de l’électricité au comptant, ce qui rend les compteurs intelligents moins utiles. Nous proposons également une application numérique, calibrée pour représenter le marché électrique français en 2018 et les objectifs politiques pour 2030.
Substituabilité entre assurance et auto-assurance : une propriété robuste à l’asymétrie d’information et à l’ambiguïté
Authors: Brunette Marielle , Corcos Anne , Couture Stéphane , Pannequin François 
Published: October 2020

Nous étudions l’effet de l’inobservabilité par l’assureur de l’effort d’auto-assurance de l’assuré sur la relation de substitution entre assurance et auto-assurance. Nous appréhendons l’effet de cette inobservabilité d’abord dans un contexte de risque, puis nous étendons l’analyse au cas où l’assuré, contrairement à l’assureur, n’a qu’une connaissance ambiguë de son risque d’accident. Nous trouvons que l’information quant au niveau d’effort ne revêt de dimension stratégique ni dans le risque ni dans l’ambiguïté : les assurés choisissent des niveaux d’effort identiques que l’effort soit observable ou non. Il en résulte que la propriété de substituabilité entre assurance et auto-assurance est robuste à la fois à l’asymétrie d’information et à l’ambiguïté. Les implications pour les pouvoirs publics et pour les assureurs sont discutées. Code JEL : D81
MicroRNA-22 enhances the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into alveolar epithelial type II cells
Authors: Tao Fan , Wang Feng , Zhang Weichen , Hao Yaming 
Published: October 2020

Considerable evidence has verified that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in various cellular processes including differentiation. However, the regulatory roles of miRNAs involved in the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into lung epithelial cells are still unknown. In this study, we first evaluated the current protocols to differentiate iPSC into alveolar epithelial type II (AEC II) cells, but the efficiency is low. We next identified that miR-22 can efficiently enhance the differentiation of iPSC into AEC II cells under the stimulation of proper growth factors and growing on appropriate matrix. Moreover, the AEC II cells generated from iPSC with miR-22 overexpression can proliferate and secrete lung surfactant. Here, we discovered a previously unknown interaction between miR-22 and iPSC differentiation but also provide a potential target for the effective derivation of AEC II from iPSCs for cell-based therapy.
Utility of Ultrasound Strain Elastography to Differentiate Benign from Malignant Lesions of the Breast
Authors: Kanagaraju Vikrant , Dhivya B. , Devanand B. , Maheswaran V. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The purpose of this study was to determine the utility and diagnostic performance of strain elastography (SE) in differentiating benign from malignant lesions of the breast.

Methods:
In this prospective study, 50 palpable breast masses in 50 patients were examined by mammography, B-mode ultrasound (US) and SE. Lesions were categorized using Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) scoring based on mammographic and sonographic features. Elasticity scores were assessed on a five-point scale based on the distribution of strain, and the lesion size on SE imaging and B-mode (elasticity imaging/B mode [EI/B] ratio) was compared. Findings were correlated with the BIRADS assessment and diagnostic performance of sonoelastography was evaluated taking histopathology as reference standard.

Results:
Histopathology revealed 29 (58%) malignant and 21 (42%) benign lesions. Infiltrative ductal carcinoma and fibroadenoma were the most common malignant and benign lesions, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of SE was 100%, 76.1%, 85.2%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. Higher elasticity score was significantly associated with malignant histopathology (P < 0.00001). The mean EI/B ratio for malignant lesions was 1.36 ± 0.24 while that of benign lesions was 1.03 ± 0.30 (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
Real-time SE of the breast, with its superior sensitivity and specificity, could provide improved characterization of benign and malignant breast masses compared with mammography and conventional US. Due to greater diagnostic accuracy, SE can be an effective adjunctive tool to B-mode US in predicting malignancy of breast, as well as in reducing the need for biopsies in benign breast lesions.
Echotexture Analysis of L4 Supraspinous Enthesis in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Lai Kuo-Lung , Kuo Fang-Chuan , Tseng Chih-Wei , Chen Hsin-Hua , Liao Yin-Yin 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Enthesopathy is a main characteristic of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, ultrasonographic features of supraspinous enthesis in AS have not yet been reported.

Methods:
Forty-seven AS patients and 22 healthy individuals were enrolled and completed the study. L4 supraspinous entheses were assessed through an ultrasound (US) unit with the participants in a lateral decubitus position. Entheseal echogenicity was interpreted upon inspection of the US image. An entheseal grayscale (GS) value determination, along with an echotexture analysis using a gray-level co-occurrence matrix algorithm, was performed. The thoracolumbar fascia just above the enthesis was also analyzed. An enthesis-to-fascia ratio (EFR) of each texture feature was used for the purpose of intergroup comparison.

Results:
The prevalence of abnormal entheseal echogenicity in the AS and healthy groups was 19.1% and 13.6%, respectively (P = 0.42). The AS group experienced a higher GS EFR (0.56 [0.10–1.08] vs. 0.40 [0.12–0.89], P = 0.007), higher contrast EFR (0.62 [0.15–1.23] vs. 0.49 [0.23–1.33], P = 0.049), higher variance EFR (0.44 [0.06–1.21] vs. 0.35 [0.13–1.10], P = 0.023), and lower homogeneity EFR (1.07 [0.97–1.27] vs. 1.11 [1.04–1.19], P = 0.011) in comparison to the healthy group.

Conclusion:
Echotexture analysis identified the subtle structural changes in L4 supraspinous enthesis in AS patients. It proved to be superior to the inspection method and may possess the potential for providing early detection of supraspinous enthesopathy in AS.
Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Liver, Gallbladder Wall Thickness, Inferior Vena Cava, Portal Vein and Pancreas in an Urban Region, Malaysia
Authors: Khammas Abdul Sattar Arif , Mahmud Rozi 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Ultrasonographic (USG) measurements of the liver length, gallbladder wall thickness (GBWT), diameters of the inferior vena cava (IVC), portal vein (PV), and pancreas are valuable and reliable in diagnosis hepatobiliary and pancreas conditions. This study is aimed to determine the normal values of liver length, GBWT, AP diameters of the IVC and PV, AP diameter of the head and body of the pancreas.

Methods:
A prospective cross–sectional study was carried out in this study. A total of the 408 participants were randomly recruited using a systematic method. According to the USG reports, the subjects who had normal USG report for liver, biliary system, and pancreas were described as normals, whereas the subjects who had hepatobiliary diseases such as fatty liver, liver cysts, hemangioma, cirrhosis, gallbladder wall thickening, acute cholecystitis, gallstones, and polyps were recorded as abnormal subjects.

Results:
Of the 408 participants with a mean of 52.6 ± 8.4 years old. Of those, 294 (72.1%) participants were normal and 114 (27.9%) subjects were reported as abnormal. More than half of the study population was males, 52.9% versus 47.1% of females. There was a significant difference of liver length, head, and body of the pancreas between genders (P = 0.004, 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, the pancreatic body only was significantly correlated with age (P = 0.026). There also was a significant difference of the liver length, head, and body of the pancreas between normal and abnormal subjects (P < 0.001, P = 0.007, and P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Liver length, diameter of the head, and body of the pancreas were significantly associated with gender and hepatobiliary diseases. In addition, only the diameter of the body of the pancreas was significantly correlated with age.