bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experts’ perspectives on human gene editing in Switzerland
Authors: Berlincourt Jade , Gächter Sumanie , Vayena Effy , Ormond Kelly E 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite many specialized studies on the views of the public or stakeholders who face inherited conditions that may be treatable by HGE, limited studies have focused on experts’ views towards Human Gene Editing (HGE). Therefore, in this study we conducted exploratory interviews with 14 experts (scientists, clinicians, social scientists, lawyers) in Switzerland to assess their views towards HGE and how they expect the Swiss public to view HGE. We found general acceptance of Somatic Gene Editing (SGE), but opinions towards Germline Gene Editing (GGE) were more divided. Participants emphasized patient autonomy and informed decision-making in pursuing gene editing treatments, and described a need for regulation, as with any other new therapy. Only a few participants (mostly lawyers and ethicists) described the regulations that currently prohibit GGE in Switzerland. Some expressed concern that restrictive regulations would lead to healthcare outsourcing and medical tourism to other nearby countries, as it has in the past with other restricted technologies. The analysis explored the unique Swiss context that is shaped by cultural diversity, conservative attitudes towards new medical technologies, and a democratic system that engages the public in policy and law making. Given that our findings identify areas of difference from that published in other countries, we emphasize the value in conducting similar research across different countries in order to achieve a global sense of attitudes towards HGE, so that regulations can be tailored to the diverse needs of citizens around the world.
“Men don’t feel comfortable with successful female leaders”: exploring participatory exclusion in community-based fisheries management, South Coast of Kenya
Authors: Chambon Mouna , Wambiji Nina , Wandiga Joe Ngunu , Reyes-Garcia Victoria , Ziveri Patrizia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhile community-based fisheries management (CBFM) is promoted as a promising approach to achieving sustainable fisheries management, its inclusiveness is increasingly questioned in the literature. Studies that explore the inclusion of gender along other intersectional social identities in CBFM are scarce. This research gap may limit a comprehensive understanding of power dynamics in fisheries settings, while reinforcing exclusive approaches in fisheries governance. In this study, we draw on literature on participatory exclusion, intersectionality and lived experiences, to examine gender-inclusiveness in CBFM through a case study on the South Coast of Kenya. We applied qualitative data collection methods, combining participant observation, semi-structured interviews (n=18), focus group discussions (n=6) and relief maps (n= 32). Our findings indicate that women’s participation in CBFM is limited and systematically lower than men’s participation. Barriers to women’s participation in CBFM are complex and interlaced, including socio-cultural, economic, and institutional barriers, and specific restrictions to women’s access to leadership. In addition, our findings highlight the intersected nature of lived experiences related to CBFM places and suggest that CBFM may sustain and reinforce social inequalities in fishing communities. Overall, our results tend to confirm the relevance of the participatory exclusion concept to CBFM in coastal Kenya. Our study demonstrates the importance of applying an intersectional framework to study the complexity of power relationships in CBFM contexts, as well as fisheries management and governance. We conclude by providing key recommendations towards inclusive management approaches in fisheries settings.
Optimising manufacturing growth: when to decouple from global value chains?
Authors: Banga Karishma , Goldar Bishwanath 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we empirically examine how increasing forward and backward global value chains (GVC) linkages affect manufacturing growth in a set of low- and middle-income countries for the period 1995–2018. Using panel data methodologies of fixed-effects, quantile, and threshold regressions, we find that the relationship between these linkages and manufacturing growth is nonlinear. Our results reveal that there is a positive relationship between backward linkages (BL) and manufacturing growth, but once BL exceed the 11–20% range, the relationship becomes negative. Similarly, FL can drive manufacturing growth up to a certain threshold, beyond which it no longer boosts growth and may even start to reduce it. The negative relationship between GVC linkages and manufacturing growth is attributed to the ‘in–out–in’ theory of GVC participation. Based on these findings, we identify countries that can benefit from increasing GVC participation and those that will benefit from a decoupling from GVCs.
Das Schichtenkonzept kontextabhängiger Vulnerabilität im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Mainka Christine Sibylle 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungZuschreibungen von Vulnerabilität können Schaden verursachen, wenn nicht die individuelle Lage einzelner Menschen betrachtet wird. Um die spezifische Vulnerabilität, die für einen bestimmten Menschen in einer bestimmten Situation liegt, zu verstehen und zu erfassen, schlägt Florencia Luna die Analyse vorliegender unterschiedlicher Schichten von Vulnerabilität vor, die sich gegenseitig beeinflussen können. In Verbindung mit dem Konzept pathogener Vulnerabilitäten von Catriona Mackenzie, Wendy Rogers und Susan Dodds ergibt sich ein feministisches Verständnis kontextabhängiger Vulnerabilität, mit dem nicht nur Forschungsstudiensettings, sondern ebenfalls Therapiepläne sowie Präventionsmaßnahmen auf Zugänglichkeit, Umsetzbarkeit und potenzielle Risiken hin untersucht werden können. Dieses Schichtenkonzept kontextabhängiger Vulnerabilität vermeidet essentialistische Zuschreibungen und macht sprach- und handlungsfähig in Hinblick auf individuelle Risiken und Unterstützungsbedarfe im Gesundheitswesen. Die vielfältige Anwendbarkeit wird im letzten Teil der vorliegenden Untersuchung anhand des Beispiels der gemeinsamen Behandlungsplanung in der onkologischen Therapie sowie der Nutzung von mobilen Gesundheitstechnologien verdeutlicht.
Optimization of cementitious mixes through response surface method: a systematic review
Authors: Hurtado-Alonso Nerea , Manso-Morato Javier , Revilla-Cuesta Víctor , Skaf Marta , Ortega-López Vanesa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The pursuit of cement-based materials with enhanced mechanical performance in the construction industry involves formulating numerous mixtures with varied contents of raw materials. However, the scarcity or contamination of these materials demands optimization methods to minimize the number of trials required. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a statistical experimental optimization method with which relations between sets of factors and responses can be established. This systematic review aims to analyze the existing literature on RSM models developed to achieve optimum levels in cementitious mixes. Over 100 papers were analyzed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) format. A comprehensive review of the RSM analyses in those studies and their effectiveness is conducted, through the evaluation of their optimized factors and responses, the selection of their design models, their use of ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA), and the determination of their coefficients of determination (R
2). Factors such as water/cement ratio and binder content prevailed in most models, the predominant responses of which were, respectively, compressive strength and workability. Although the use of ANOVA is commonly used to demonstrate the validity of the models, the studies replicating the mix with optimal levels of all factors are necessary to validate the results. On the basis of this review and depending on the responses that need to be maximized or minimized, the application of RSM can clearly be very crucial when quantifying the effects of new raw materials, whether recovered waste or natural resources, on mix behaviour.
Type I and Type II photosensitization of DNA etheno adducts
Authors: Lizondo-Aranda Paloma , Rodríguez-Muñiz Gemma M. , Miranda Miguel A. , Heyne Belinda , Lhiaubet-Vallet Virginie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Photophysical and photochemical studies were carried out to examine the photoreactivity of etheno adducts, 1,N
6-ethenoadenine (εdA) and 1,N
2-ethenoguanine (εdG), in the presence of two well-known photosensitizers acting by Type I and/or Type II mechanisms such as 4-carboxybenzophenone (CBP) and rose Bengal (RB), respectively. Steady-state photolysis experiments combined with HPLC and mass spectroscopy measurements lead to photoproducts that correspond to the repaired nucleosides. To determine the mechanism of this photooxidation processes, phosphorescence spectroscopy, direct detection of singlet oxygen luminescence and laser flash photolysis were carried out. This work establishes that εdG and εdA are sensitive to both types of processes (Type I and II).

Graphical abstract
Synthesis of multifunctional nano composites incorporating halloysite nanoclay
Authors: Zohoori Salar , Torabi Narges , Gholami Elham , Rastgoo Fatemeh , Rad Maryam , Pourheidari Roya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted in which an innovative technique was utilized to extract the active components from cloves. These active substances were subsequently employed to formulate a nanocomposite, both with and without the inclusion of Halloysite nanoclay, utilizing an electrospinning apparatus. The morphology of the resulting nanocomposite was analyzed through FESEM, confirming the appropriateness of the electrospinning method and its conditions. Additionally, the effectiveness of both nanocomposite samples in reducing inflammation was evaluated. A comparative assessment was conducted to evaluate the strength, abrasion resistance, and bactericidal properties of the samples produced in accordance with AATCC standards. The findings revealed an enhancement of over 2.5 times in strength, an increase in abrasion resistance exceeding 91%, and notable antibacterial properties reaching up to 99%. In summary, the nanofiber derived from cloves exhibited promising attributes that may be applicable across various industries.
What next for the Australian Atlas of Healthcare Variation series? Focusing the system on appropriate and sustainable health care
Authors: Giles Gillian , Buchan Heather , Hullick Carolyn , Overs Marge , Duggan Anne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMapping, identifying and reducing unwarranted healthcare variation is integral to improving the appropriateness of care – minimising wasteful or unnecessary care and redirecting care to those who could benefit most (J Eval Clin Pract 26: 687–696, 2020). The Australian Atlas of Healthcare Variation series has examined variation in healthcare use since 2015. The findings reported in the Atlas series have led to important system changes. National safety and quality standards, mandatory for all hospitals and day procedure services, now require health service organisations to monitor and investigate variation and address unwarranted variation. Clinical care standards have been developed for clinical conditions in which the Atlas series has identified considerable variation. But the overuse of low-value care and underuse of high-value care persists, as suggested by the marked variation the Atlas series continues to uncover. We must now develop an approach that systematically links reporting of data and investigation of variation with a suite of responses to address unwarranted variation. This paper focuses on efforts to reduce low value-care, so that resources can be redirected to supporting high-value care as well as reducing waste and cutting carbon emissions from health care (Med J Aust 216: 67–68, 2022).
The journey from natural language processing to large language models: key insights for radiologists
Authors: Fanni Salvatore Claudio , Tumminello Lorenzo , Formica Valentina , Caputo Francesca Pia , Aghakhanyan Gayane , Ambrosini Ilaria , Francischello Roberto , Faggioni Lorenzo , Cioni Dania , Neri Emanuele 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has undergone cycles of enthusiasm and stagnation, often referred to as “AI winters.” The introduction of large language models (LLMs), such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT in late 2022, has revitalized interest in AI, particularly within health-care applications, including radiology. The roots of AI in language processing can be traced back to Alan Turing’s 1950 work, which established foundational principles for natural language processing (NLP). Early iterations of NLP primarily concentrated on natural language understanding (NLU) and natural language generation (NLG), but they faced significant challenges related to contextual comprehension and the handling of lengthy text sequences. Recent advancements in NLP have demonstrated considerable promise in automating the analysis of unstructured data, including electronic health records and radiology reports. LLMs, which are based on the transformer architecture introduced in 2017, excel at capturing complex language dependencies and facilitating tasks, such as report generation and clinical decision support. This review critically examines the evolution from traditional NLP to LLMs, highlighting their transformative potential within the field of radiology. Despite the advantages presented by LLMs, challenges persist, including concerns regarding data privacy, the potential for generating misinformation, and the imperative for rigorous validation protocols. Addressing these challenges is crucial for harnessing the full potential of LLMs to enhance diagnostic precision and workflow efficiency in radiology, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.
In vitro assessment of effect of initial specimen diversion device on detection of central venous catheter contamination or colonization
Authors: Rupp Mark E. , Fey Paul D. , Lyden Elizabeth , Handke Luke 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe role of initial specimen diversion devices (ISDDs) in preventing contamination of central venous catheter (CVC) blood cultures is undefined. A model to simulate CVC colonization and contamination compared standard cultures with ISDD technique. ISDD detected 100% of colonized CVCs while decreasing false-positive cultures from 36% to 16%.
Impact of daily prompt to vaccinate inpatients awaiting rehabilitation against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza
Authors: Linkenheld Amber , Williams Victoria R. , Chan Karen , Carating Helene , Marchesano Romina , Do Jennifer , Sullivan Sherri , Beechinor Danette , Silverstein William K. , Leis Jerome A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA daily prompt to offer vaccination to inpatients awaiting transfer to rehabilitation resulted in increased SARS-CoV-2 (OR 5.64, 95% CI 3.3–10.15; P < 0.001) and influenza (OR 3.80, 95% CI 2.45–6.06; P < 0.001) vaccination. Compared to baseline, this intervention was associated with reduced incidence of viral respiratory infection during subsequent admission to rehabilitation.
OPEN INNOVATION: TOWARD AN ORGANIZATIONAL DIGITAL INNOVATION
Authors: Rengkung Leonardus Ricky , Maweikere Audrey Julia Maria , Memah Melsje Yellie , Loho Agnes Estephina , Benu Noortje Marsellanie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Organizations are utilizing digital technologies to modernize their innovations in today’s competitive and rapidly changing market environment. This study’s goal is to explore the influence of open innovation on firms’ digital technology integration, aiming to enhance their innovation skills and produce competitive, adaptable digital solutions. The methods used include analysis, synthesis, and generalization. Organizations can enhance open innovation by acquiring knowledge, capabilities, ideas, technologies, and information for new products and services, with the relationship between open innovation and digital innovation accelerating their capabilities. The study emphasizes the challenges organizations face in modern IT, emphasizing open innovation, access to external knowledge, and the need for improved internal production efficiency and competitiveness. The practical value of this study is manifested in the identification of strategies for optimizing open innovation for their transformation into digital solutions.
On quasi and weak Steinberg characters of general linear groups
Authors: Kaur Surinder 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Let G be a finite group and r be a prime divisor of the order of G. An irreducible character of G is said to be quasi r-Steinberg if it is non-zero on every r-regular element of G. A quasi r-Steinberg character of degree

$\displaystyle |Syl_r(G)|$

is said to be weak r-Steinberg if it vanishes on the r-singular elements of

$G.$

In this article, we classify the quasi r-Steinberg cuspidal characters of the general linear group

$GL(n,q).$

Then we characterize the quasi r-Steinberg characters of

$GL(2,q)$

and

$GL(3,q).$

Finally, we obtain a classification of the weak r-Steinberg characters of

$GL(n,q).$
Visual Field Asymmetries in Responses to ON and OFF Pathway Biasing Stimuli
Authors: Scott Martin Timothy Wilkinson , Yakovleva Alexandra , Norcia Anthony Matthew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent reports suggest the ON and OFF pathways are differentially susceptible to selective vision loss in glaucoma. Thus, perimetric assessment of ON- and OFF-pathway function may serve as a useful diagnostic. However, this necessitates a developed understanding of normal ON/OFF pathway function around the visual field and as a function of input intensity. Here, using electroencephalography, we measured ON- and OFF-pathway biased contrast response functions in the upper and lower visual fields. Using the steady-state visually evoked potential paradigm, we flickered achromatic luminance probes according to a saw-tooth waveform, the fast phase of which biased responses towards the ON or OFF pathways. Neural responses from the upper and lower visual fields were simultaneously measured using frequency tagging - probes in the upper visual field modulated at 3.75 Hz, while those in the lower visual field modulated at 3 Hz. We find that responses to OFF/decrements are larger than ON/increments, especially in the lower visual field. In the lower visual field, both ON and OFF responses were well described by a sigmoidal non-linearity. In the upper visual field, the ON pathway function was very similar to that of the lower, but the OFF pathway function showed reduced saturation and more cross-subject variability. Overall, this demonstrates that the relationship between the ON and OFF pathways depends on the visual field location and contrast level, potentially reflective of natural scene statistics.
Integrated Rock Mass Characterization of the Lower Continental Crust Along the ICDP‐DIVE 5071_1_B Borehole in the Ivrea‐Verbano Zone
Authors: Li J. , Caspari E. , Greenwood A. , Pierdominici S. , Lemke K. , Venier M. , Kück J. , Baron L. , Pistone M. , Petri B. , Ziberna L. , Hetényi G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe first borehole 5071_1_B of the ICDP‐Drilling the Ivrea‐Verbano zonE (DIVE) project in Italy, which intersects the Massone antiform, provides a unique opportunity to integrate downhole geophysical measurements with observations from 100% recovered drill core in rarely drilled lithologies. The objective of this study is to petrophysically and structurally characterize the rock mass and constrain factors influencing the seismic velocity in the lower continental crust. A comprehensive data set, comprising core, well log and vertical seismic profiling data, was collected. The structural analysis indicates that the axial plane of the intersected tightly folded antiform is slightly tilted at the borehole location and thus the borehole intersects the hinge zone at the top and its limb in the lower part of 5071_1_B. Numerous open natural fractures with variable dips and two dominant dip azimuthal orientations are identified along the borehole, which affect the electrical and acoustic properties. The velocities at the core, well log and seismic scale are consistent but lower than intrinsic seismic velocities of the lower continental crust, since they are not only affected by fractures but also by micro cracks at the 5071_1_B in situ conditions. A systematic lithology correlation is not evident for these properties. However, a cluster analysis of gamma ray and magnetic susceptibility logs shows an excellent agreement with the logged core lithologies in the presence of remarkable spatial variability. Furthermore, the main lithologies are grouped into three distinct clusters, suggesting two types of kinzigites with distinct magnetic and radiogenic properties.
Upward, MeV‐Class Electron Beams Over Jupiter's Main Aurora
Authors: Mauk B. H. , Ma Q. , Becker H. N. , Jørgensen J. L. , Denver T. , Connerney J. E. P. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. J. , Clark G. , Haggerty D. K. , Kollmann P. , Paranicas C. P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractJupiter's poleward (Zone II) main aurora exhibits bi‐directional electron acceleration; upward acceleration dominates but downward acceleration generates strong aurora. During Juno's first perijove (PJ1), the upward acceleration manifested as narrow electron angular beams (within ∼5° of the magnetic field) over the 30–1,200 keV energy range of Juno's Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Investigation (JEDI). These beams can be simply connected (non‐uniquely) to >10 to perhaps 100's of MeV electrons that penetrated the radiation shielding of the camera head of the Magnetometer Investigation's Advanced Stellar Compass (ASC). The most intense of those multiple MeV populations are shown to have been highly directional and propagating upwards. How auroral processes generate such beams is unknown. With azimuthal symmetry assumed (not demonstrated here), these beams provided >1026 s−1 of >30 keV electrons to Jupiter's vast magnetosphere, a possibly critical and dominating source of energetic electrons to that region and ultimately to Jupiter's radiation belts.
Modeling the Onset of Earthquake‐Triggered Landslides on Slip Surfaces Governed by Rate‐And‐State Friction
Authors: Lestrelin H. , Ampuero J. P. , Mercerat E. D. , Courboulex F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEarthquake‐triggered landslides are a severe hazard and contribute to landscape evolution. To understand their process and controlling factors, we model the onset of seismically‐triggered slip on pre‐existing slip surfaces governed by laboratory‐based rate‐and‐state friction, including wave propagation effects. Through numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, we identify how friction properties, landslide thickness and incident wave attributes (frequency, duration, amplitude) control slope stability. We find that the frictional state variable tracks the cyclic fatigue of the slip surface, its progressive weakening with each wave cycle. Wave propagation effects introduce two regimes depending on frequency relative to the two‐way travel time across the landslide thickness: the stability criterion is well approximated by a threshold on incident peak acceleration at low frequencies, and on peak velocity at high frequencies. We derive analytical approximations, validated by simulations, suitable to apply the model to evaluate landslide stability under arbitrary input motions.