bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold urticaria – What we know and what we do not know
Authors: Maltseva Natalya , Borzova Elena , Fomina Daria , Bizjak Mojca , Terhorst‐Molawi Dorothea , Košnik Mitja , Kulthanan Kanokvalai , Meshkova Raisa , Thomsen Simon Francis , Maurer Marcus ,   the COLD‐CE Steering Committee
Published: November 2020

AbstractCold urticaria (ColdU) is a common form of chronic inducible urticaria characterized by the development of wheals, angioedema or both in response to cold exposure. Recent research and guideline updates have advanced our understanding and management of ColdU. Today, its pathophysiology is thought to involve the cold‐induced formation of autoallergens and IgE to these autoallergens, which provoke a release of proinflammatory mediators from skin mast cells. The classification of ColdU includes typical and atypical subtypes. We know that cold‐induced wheals usually develop on rewarming and resolve within an hour and that anaphylaxis can occur. The diagnosis relies on the patient's history and cold stimulation testing. Additional diagnostic work‐up, including a search for underlying infections, should only be done if indicated by the patient's history. The management of ColdU includes cold avoidance, the regular use of nonsedating antihistamines and the off‐label use of omalizumab. However, many questions regarding ColdU remain unanswered. Here, we review what is known about ColdU, and we present important unanswered questions on the epidemiology, underlying pathomechanisms, clinical heterogeneity and treatment outcomes. Our aim is to guide future efforts that will close these knowledge gaps and advance the management of ColdU.
Full compliance with Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis was associated with fewer respiratory‐related hospital admissions in preterm children: A cohort study
Authors: Torchin Heloise , Charkaluk Marie‐Laure , Rousseau Jessica , Marchand‐Martin Laetitia , Treluyer Ludovic , Nuytten Alexandra , Truffert Patrick , Jarreau Pierre‐Henri , Ancel Pierre‐Yves 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimAlthough well documented in randomised trials, the efficacy of prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in real‐word conditions is less studied. The objective was to assess the impact of partial versus full RSV prophylaxis for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and ARI‐related hospital admissions in preterm children.MethodsThis study included children born preterm in 2011 in France who were eligible for RSV prophylaxis and received at least one palivizumab dose from October 2011 to March 2012. Full prophylaxis was defined as receiving at least one palivizumab dose for each month of RSV exposure in the community. Children with full and partial prophylaxis were matched, and odds of ARIs and ARI‐related hospital admission were compared by logistic regression.ResultsFull prophylaxis concerned 861/1083 (80%) children. As compared with full prophylaxis, partial prophylaxis was not associated with ARI occurrence (odds ratio OR 1.3, 95% confidence interval CI 0.9‐1.9) but was significantly associated with ARI‐related hospital admission during the RSV epidemic (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2‐2.9).ConclusionDuring the 2011‐2012 RSV epidemic, hospital admission rates were higher for preterm children with partial than full RSV prophylaxis. Improving compliance could help alleviate the burden of RSV on healthcare systems.
The regulation of gastric ghrelin secretion
Authors: Nunez‐Salces Maria , Li Hui , Feinle‐Bisset Christine , Young Richard L. , Page Amanda J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGhrelin is a gastric hormone with multiple physiological functions, including the stimulation of food intake and adiposity. It is well established that circulating ghrelin levels are closely associated with feeding patterns, rising strongly before a meal and lowering upon food intake. However, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of ghrelin secretion are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge on the circadian oscillation of circulating ghrelin levels, the neural mechanisms stimulating fasting ghrelin levels and peripheral mechanisms modulating postprandial ghrelin levels. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of targeting the ghrelin pathway is discussed in the context of the treatment of various metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, diabetic gastroparesis and Prader‐Willi syndrome. Moreover, eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder are also discussed.
The expression levels of long non‐coding RNA KIAA0125 are associated with distinct clinical and biological features in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Hung Sheng‐Yu , Lin Chien‐Chin , Hsu Chia‐Lang , Yao Chi‐Yuan , Wang Yu‐Hung , Tsai Cheng‐Hong , Hou Hsin‐An , Chou Wen‐Chien , Tien Hwei‐Fang 
Published: November 2020

SummaryLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important functions in cancer biology. Among them, lncRNA KIAA0125 is one of the genes proposed to play a critical role in leukaemia stem cell (LSC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of the expression levels of lncRNA KIAA0125 in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a disease with highly heterogeneous clinical and biological features. Using RNA arrays, we measured the expression of KIAA0125 in 176 primary MDS patients. We found that higher KIAA0125 expression was associated with higher risk MDS, based on the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R), mutations in ASXL1 and NRAS, and predicted poorer overall survival (OS) and leukaemia‐free survival (LFS). Multivariate analysis revealed that higher KIAA0125 expression was an independent, unfavourable prognostic factor for OS and LFS, irrespective of IPSS‐R and mutation status. Further global gene expression profile analysis suggested a close association of higher KIAA0125 expressions with LSC signatures. The expression of KIAA0125 may be a potential biomarker to guide the treatment choice in MDS patients, especially those with lower risk subtypes, in whom palliative treatment is usually used.
Comparative analysis of gene expression platforms for cell‐of‐origin classification of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma shows high concordance
Authors: Ahmed Sophia , Glover Paul , Taylor Jan , Sha Chulin , Care Matthew A. , Tooze Reuben , Davies Andrew , Westhead David R. , Johnson Peter W. M. , Burton Catherine , Barrans Sharon L. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryCell‐of‐origin subclassification of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into activated B cell‐like (ABC), germinal centre B cell‐like (GCB) and unclassified (UNC) or type III by gene expression profiling is recommended in the latest update of the World Health Organization’s classification of lymphoid neoplasms. There is, however, no accepted gold standard method or dataset for this classification. Here, we compare classification results using gene expression data for 68 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded DLBCL samples measured on four different gene expression platforms (Illumina wG‐DASLTM arrays, Affymetrix PrimeView arrays, Illumina TrueSeq RNA sequencing and the HTG EdgeSeq DLBCL Cell of Origin Assay EU using an established platform agnostic classification algorithm (DAC) and the classifier native to the HTG platform, which is CE marked for in vitro diagnostic use (CE‐IVD). Classification methods and platforms show a high level of concordance, with agreement in at least 80% of cases and rising to much higher levels for classifications of high confidence. Our results demonstrate that cell‐of‐origin classification by gene expression profiling on different platforms is robust, and that the use of the confidence value alongside the classification result is important in clinical applications.
Controversies in the use of new bone‐modifying therapies in multiple myeloma
Authors: Terpos Evangelos , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBone‐modifying therapies are essential in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Zoledronic acid is preferred over other bisphosphonates due to its superiority in reducing the incidence of skeletal‐related events and improving survival. The anti‐receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κΒ ligand (RANKL)‐targeted agent denosumab has shown its non‐inferiority compared to bisphosphonates in preventing skeletal‐related events among newly diagnosed patients with myeloma bone disease. Denosumab may confer a survival benefit in patients eligible for autologous transplantation. Denosumab may present a safer profile for patients with renal impairment. Discontinuation of bone‐directed therapies can be considered for patients with deep responses and after an adequate time period on treatment; however, a rebound effect may become evident especially in the case of denosumab. Three‐monthly infusions of zoledronic acid or at‐home denosumab administration should be considered during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Measures to prevent hypocalcaemia, renal toxicity and osteonecrosis of the jaw are important for all bone‐modifying agents.
Beyond the gardens: The extended mutualism from ant‐garden ants to nectary‐bearing plants growing in Amazon tree‐fall gaps
Authors: da Silva‐Viana Camila Benedita , Vicente Ricardo E. , Kaminski Lucas A. , Izzo Thiago J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe regime of frequent small disturbances, such as the formation of tree‐fall gaps, is an important mechanism maintaining the diversity in tropical forests. Occurring primarily in forest gaps, or in riparian vegetation, ant gardens (hereafter AGs) are mutualistic associations involving several epiphytic plant species and ants. In the Amazon rainforest, a widespread AGs association is assembled by two aggressive species of parabiotic ants (Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior). Working together, these ants aggressively monopolize food resources and attack any intruder on the AGs. Here, we demonstrated the extended protective effect of parabiotic ants on the leaf herbivory of neighboring plants, contrasting plants with and without extrafloral nectaries (hereafter EFNs). We performed the fieldwork in South Amazonia where we found 33 forest gaps, 16 with and 17 without AGs. Independently of the presence of AGs, plants possessing EFNs have less area removed by herbivores and fewer leaves with herbivore marks than those without EFNs. This decrease in herbivory was remarkable on EFN‐plants growing in gaps that also harbor AGs. Additional manipulative experiments confirmed this pattern: The AG‐ants were more efficient than no‐AG ants in removing live termite baits placed on EFN‐plants, but few attacks were observed on plants without EFNs. Thus, AG‐ants can extend their role in defending ant gardens from other plants growing in the same area, particularly those with EFNs. This extension of the mutualism benefits can affect the dynamics of the ecological succession and coevolutionary process in the Amazon forest.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material
The effects of recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor‐1/insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 administration on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in recreational athletes
Authors: Guha Nishan , Nevitt Simon P. , Francis Michael , Böhning Walailuck , Böhning Dankmar , Sönksen Peter H. , Holt Richard I. G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies suggested that recombinant human IGF‐1 (rhIGF‐1) administration affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in healthy people and in people with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effects of rhIGF‐1/rhIGF binding protein‐3 (rhIGFBP‐3) administration on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in healthy recreational athletes.Design and SettingRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled rhIGF‐1/rhIGFBP‐3 administration study at Southampton General Hospital, UK.Participants56 recreational athletes (30 men, 26 women).MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to receive placebo, low‐dose rhIGF‐1/rhIGFBP‐3 (30 mg/day) or high‐dose rhIGF‐1/rhIGFBP‐3 (60 mg/day) for 28 days. The following variables were measured before and immediately after the treatment period: fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, C‐peptide and glycated haemoglobin. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA‐IR) was used to estimate insulin sensitivity and indirect calorimetry to assess substrate oxidation rates. The general linear model approach was used to compare treatment group changes with the placebo group.ResultsCompared with the placebo group, there was a significant reduction in fasting triglycerides in participants treated with high‐dose rhIGF‐1/rhIGFBP‐3 (p = .030), but not in the low‐dose group (p = .390). In women, but not in men, there were significant increases in total cholesterol (p = .003), HDL cholesterol (p = .001) and LDL cholesterol (p = .008). These lipid changes were associated with reduced fasting insulin (p = .010), C‐peptide (p = .001) and HOMA‐IR (p = .018) in women and reduced C‐peptide (p = .046) in men.ConclusionsrhIGF‐1/rhIGFBP‐3 administration for 28 days reduced insulin concentration, improved insulin sensitivity and had significant effects on lipid profile including decreased fasting triglycerides.
Bullying, harassment and sexual discrimination among ophthalmologists in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Meyer Juliette A. , Troutbeck Robyn , Oliver Genevieve F. , Gordon Lynn K. , Danesh‐Meyer Helen V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiscrimination, bullying and sexual harassment (DBSH) impact the psychological well‐being of doctors and contribute to poor health outcomes. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (RANZCO) commissioned independent surveys to evaluate DBSH among members/trainees.MethodsAnonymous online surveys by Best Practice Australia were undertaken in 2015 and 2018. Cross‐sectional analysis was prevalence of perceived DBSH, rates of reporting, intervention and resolution undertaken. Response rate was 50% (658/1319) in 2015 and 40% (557/1401) in 2018. In both surveys, 29% were female. This is representative of the distribution of the RANZCO members.ResultsIn a 2015 survey, 37.6% of respondents experienced DBSH, with prevalence being the highest for females (62.3%; N = 104 cf males 27.7%; N = 167) and trainees (49.2%; N = 61). In 2018, 49.2% of respondents reported DBSH with rates low for all forms of DBSH (22%‐29%). Sexual harassment was reported by 12% and the least discussed or reported. Respondents strategy for taking action included draw on personal support network (25‐43%), official complaints to supervisors (16‐22%), human resources (2%‐10%) and RANZCO (0%‐6%). Reasons for not taking action included fear of impact of future career options (54.1%‐60.7%), fear of victimization (35.7%‐50.4%) and afraid of not being believed (31.9%‐52.4%). Satisfactory resolution rates were 6% to 25%. A majority of respondents (77%) were positive about RANZCO initiatives.ConclusionsDBSH is commonly reported by RANZCO members with female ophthalmologists more than two times more likely to experience any one of the four behaviours, three times more likely to experience discrimination and six times for sexual harassment. Fear of compromising personal and career progression contribute to low levels of reporting.
Global pattern of interkinetic nuclear migration in tracheoesophageal epithelia of the mouse embryo: Interorgan and intraorgan regional differences
Authors: Getachew Dereje , Matsumoto Akihiro , Uchimura Yasuhiro , Udagawa Jun , Mita Nanako , Ogawa Noriko , Moriyama Shigeru , Takami Akiyasu , Otani Hiroki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInterkinetic nuclear migration (INM) is an apicobasal (AB) polarity‐based regulatory mechanism of proliferation/differentiation in epithelial stem/progenitor cells. We previously documented INM in the endoderm‐derived tracheal/esophageal epithelia at embryonic day (E) 11.5 and suggested that INM is involved in the development of both organs. We here investigated interorgan (trachea vs esophagus) and intraorgan regional (ventral vs dorsal) differences in the INM mode in the tracheal and esophageal epithelia of the mouse embryo. We also analyzed convergent extension (CE) and planar cell movement (PCM) in the epithelia based on cell distribution. The pregnant C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine at E11.5 and E12.5 and were sacrificed 1, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours later to obtain the embryos. The distribution of labeled cell nuclei along the AB axis was chronologically analyzed in the total, ventral, and dorsal sides of the epithelia. The percentage distribution of the nuclei population was represented by histogram and the chronological change was analyzed statistically using multidimensional scaling. The interorgan comparison of the INM mode during E11.5‐E12.0, but not E12.5‐E13.0, showed a significant difference. During E11.5‐E12.0 the trachea, but not the esophagus, showed a significant difference between ventral and dorsal sides. During E12.5‐E13.0 neither organ showed regional differences. CE appeared to occur in both organs during E11.5‐E12.0 while PCM was unclear in both organs. These findings suggest a difference between the trachea and esophagus, and a regional difference in the trachea, not in the esophagus, in the INM mode, which may be related with the later differential organogenesis/histogenesis of these organs.
Machine learning models predict coagulopathy in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients in ER
Authors: Zhu Fengping , Pan Zhiguang , Tang Ying , Fu Pengfei , Cheng Sijie , Hou Wenzhong , Zhang Qi , Huang Hong , Sun Yirui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsCoagulation abnormality is one of the primary concerns for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to ER. Conventional laboratory indicators require hours for coagulopathy diagnosis, which brings difficulties for appropriate intervention within the optimal window. This study evaluates the possibility of building efficient coagulopathy prediction models using data mining and machine learning algorithms.MethodsA retrospective cohort enrolled 1668 cases with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage from three medical centers, excluding those under antithrombotic therapies. Coagulopathy‐related clinical parameters were initially screened by univariate analysis. Two machine learning algorithms, the random forest and the support vector machine, were deployed via an approach of four‐fold cross‐validation to screen out the most important parameters contributing to the occurrence of coagulopathy. Model discrimination was assessed using metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score.ResultsAlbumin/globulin ratio, neutrophil count, lymphocyte percentage, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, hemoglobin, platelet count, white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, systolic and diastolic pressure were identified as major predictors to the occurrence of acute coagulopathy. Compared to support vector machine, the model based on the random forest algorithm showed better accuracy (93.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.913‐0.950), precision (92.4%, 95% CI: 0.897‐0.951), F1 score (91.5%, 95% CI: 0.889‐0.964), and recall score (93.6%, 95% CI: 0.909‐0.964), and yielded higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU‐ROC) (0.962, 95% CI: 0.942‐0.982).ConclusionThe constructed models exhibit good prediction accuracy and efficiency. It might be used in clinical practice to facilitate target intervention for acute coagulopathy in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
Information needs for recovery after colorectal surgery: a patient focus group study
Authors: Chapman Stephen J. , Czoski Murray Carolyn , Lonsdale Maria D. S. , Boyes Sheila , Tiernan Jim P. , Jayne David G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe provision of information to patients is an important part of recovery after colorectal surgery. This study aimed to define patient information needs, barriers to effective understanding and insights into how information provision may be improved.MethodA patient focus group was convened. This comprised a broad, convenience sample of 11 participants from across the United Kingdom with experience of major colorectal surgery. A semistructured topic guide was used to facilitate discussion about previous experiences of information provision and how this may be improved. Data were analysed thematically and are presented as major themes.ResultsOverall, participants felt that their information needs are poorly prioritized by healthcare professionals. Barriers to understanding and retaining information include highly emotional situations (such as receiving bad news) and inappropriate information design (such as the use of inaccessible language). Participants expressed how information resources should: (a) address patients’ individual information needs; (b) empower patients to take an active role in their recovery; (c) support patients with meaningful education and sign‐posted resources; and (d) recognize patients’ heightened need for information during recovery at home.ConclusionThis study provides key insights into the information needs of patients undergoing colorectal surgery. These should inform the development of future information resources, whose format, timing and design are currently supported by low‐quality evidence.
Violent conflict and institutional change*
Authors: O'Reilly Colin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractViolent conflict such as civil war may influence institutional quality by changing the political equilibrium or by changing preferences and norms. This study presents empirical evidence that in some cases civil war deteriorates institutional quality. By applying the synthetic control method to 25 cases of civil war between 1960 and 2010, I construct the counterfactual path of institutional quality in the absence of civil war. The effects of civil war are heterogeneous, but for a substantial minority of cases civil war appears to deteriorate institutional quality. These findings have implications for post‐civil war economic recovery as well as long run economic development.
Role of pre‐transplant MRD level detected by flow cytometry in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation with AML
Authors: Klyuchnikov Evgeny , Christopeit Maximilian , Badbaran Anita , Bacher Ulrike , Fritzsche‐Friedland Ulrike , von Pein Ute‐Marie , Wolschke Christine , Kröger Nicolaus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectives and MethodsWe analyzed the impact of pretransplant MRD level in bone marrow measured by flow cytometry using “different from normal” method on outcomes for 189 AML patients (108 males; median age, 58 (21‐80) years). All patients were subdivided into negative (n = 96), “low” (0.1%‐0.5%, n = 32), and “high” MRD (>0.5%, n = 61) groups.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, the hazard ratios for “high” and “low” MRD levels related to MRD negativity were 7.9 (95% CI 3.5‐18.1, P < .001) and 5.4 (95% CI 2.1‐14, P = .0058) for relapse; 2.3 (95% CI 1.3‐4.1, P = .006) and 1.6 (95% CI 0.82‐3.3, P = .16) for OS; and 2.8 (95% CI 1.7‐4.7, P < .001) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.1‐4.2, P = .02) for LFS, respectively. We found no significant impact of “low” MRD level on relapses (0.68, 95% CI 0.33‐1.4, P = .30), OS (0.72, 95% CI: 0.36‐1.5, P = .36) and LFS (0.79, 95% CI: 0.42‐1.5, P = .46) related to “high” MRD group.ConclusionsPresence of detectable MRD was indicative for a high relapse risk, low LFS and OS. “Low” MRD level showed no significant impact on relapse, LFS and OS related to “high” MRD group.