bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Support Teams: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mistiaen Patriek , Van den Heede Koen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of a nutrition support team (NST) was first introduced at the end of the 20th century in the US and Europe. Expected benefits include reduced (inappropriate) prescription of (par)enteral nutrition; however, to the authors’ knowledge, no recent review has assessed the effectiveness of NSTs. Therefore, this systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of NSTs with respect to the prevalence of adult patients receiving (par)enteral nutrition.MethodsFive literature databases were searched and completed by citing searches. Studies on NSTs that were published between 2000 and 2018 in Western countries, applied a comparative design, and contained at least outcome data on the prevalence of (par)enteral nutrition were included. Analyses were mainly descriptive because of high heterogeneity that prevented meta‐analyses.ResultsThe 27 included studies mainly originated from the UK and US. Only 1 of the included studies was a randomized trial; the other studies had a pre‐post design (n = 17) or compared groups in a nonrandomized way. All but 2 studies were performed in acute care hospitals, and 5 studies focused only on intensive care patients. There was conflicting evidence of whether NSTs lead to reduction or increase in patients starting parenteral nutrition (PN); however, weak evidence suggested that NSTs might lead to an increase in the ratio of enteral nutrition to PN use and might decrease inappropriate PN use.ConclusionAlthough almost all studies concluded in favor of NSTs, the evidence base is weak and insufficient because of a lack of well‐designed studies and successful outcomes.
Migrant identity and subsequent travel behaviour
Authors: Yankholmes Aaron , McKercher Bob 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study assesses whether changes in migrants' identity predict changes in their travel behaviour. Data were collected from Western professional migrants in Hong Kong and Macau using open‐ended self‐completed survey questions. Results derived from content analysis indicate that long‐term migrants benefit from greater accessibility to many regional destinations, home‐return trips, and lower fares while temporary migrants and those on contracts felt constrained to pursue pleasure travel. Factors explaining tourism‐oriented motives to move comprise convenient hub, rite of passage, continuation of identity, and career maintenance. Many reasons are also found to account for changes in travel frequency and destination choice over time. These findings can shape marketing actions for destinations in the region as well as provide a platform for future theoretical and empirical research on the relationship between tourism and migration.
Corrosion decomposition and mechanical behaviors of As‐cast Mg–xZn–Zr alloys
Authors: Li Xuewu , Zhou Longlong , Shi Tian , Li Ben , Yu Weining , Zhang Chuanwei , Yan Pan , Zhang Qiaoxin , Tian Haoliang , Lv Yuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDeveloping new‐type alloy materials with excellent decomposition properties and mechanical behaviors is a thorny issue for preparing fracturing balls in oil exploitation. As‐cast Mg–xZn–Zr alloys designed by regulating Zn contents have been fabricated in this study. Compressive strength and immersion corrosion test have been investigated to assess their feasibility as decomposition materials. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffract meter have also been used to characterize surface morphologies and phase structures for determining their decomposition mechanism. Results show that matrix phases and secondary phases with discontinuous reticular features form on the alloys. They also achieve excellent mechanical properties to ensure stability and pressure‐maintaining capacity in the decomposition process in chloride environment. Meanwhile, with Zn content and immersion time increasing, galvanic corrosion effect strengthens leading to accelerated specific mass loss rates of the alloys. Rapid corrosion decomposition of the alloys mainly attributes to anodic dissolution of matrix phases, exfoliation of microparticles, and poor resistance of corrosion products to the decomposition process. This study provides positive insight into the preparation of new‐type Mg alloys for guaranteeing fast decomposition of fracturing balls and also ensuring their compressive strength stability.
Development and characterization of β‐type Ti‐Zr‐Nb‐Sn dental implant materials
Authors: Dang Z. , Zhan Y. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo develop new materials of proper elastic modulus and biocompatibility for dental implants, Ti‐2Zr‐xNb‐xSn (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) and Ti‐2Zr‐xNb‐xMo (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) alloys were designed and fabricated. Effects of alloying elements on properties and the feasibility of application in dentistry are analyzed. It is indicated that Nb, Sn and Mo obviously influence the phase compositions of Ti‐2Zr‐based biological alloys. With the increase of alloying element content, all the alloys tend to form a single β‐Ti phase. Ti‐2Zr‐xNb‐xSn alloys exhibit better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance than the Ti‐2Zr‐xNb‐xMo alloys. The Ti‐2Zr‐0.1Nb‐0.1Sn alloy has proper elastic modulus (14.72 GPa) (which is very close to the natural bones), excellent corrosion resistance and comprehensive mechanical properties, and is considered as ideal candidate for implant materials.
Effect of heat input and weld chemistry on mechanical and microstructural aspects of double side welded austenitic stainless steel 321 grade using tungsten inert gas arc welding process
Authors: Mohan Kumar S. , Siva Shanmugam N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStainless steel 321 is a stabilized austenitic grade that prevents the formation of chromium carbides at the grain boundaries and subsequently reduces the risk of corrosion attack at the weld surface by forming titanium carbide. It is primarily used in industries such as pressure vessels, boilers, nuclear reactors, carburetors and car exhaust systems. In order to assess the effect of gas tungsten arc welding process parameters on weld penetration, the proposed Taguchi L9 orthogonal matrix has been selected with two factors and three levels for welding austenitic stainless steel 321 by adjusting the welding current and welding speed. Bead‐on‐plate experiments were performed on base metal of 6 mm thick plate by changing the process parameters, and corresponding weld bead measurement and macrostructure images are examined. Maximum depth of penetration −3.3017 mm is achieved with a heat input −1.4058 kJ/mm, i. e., welding current‐220 A and welding speed‐120 mm/min. Double‐side arc welding technique is used to obtain full penetration on 6 mm thick plate. The quality of the weldment was assessed using non‐destructive radiography inspection. Mechanical integrity and microstructural characteristics of the weldments were studied using tensile (transverse and longitudinal), bend, impact, microhardness, optical microscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction analysis, ferrite number measurement and scanning electron microscope. The results reveal that the double side‐tungsten inert gas weldment have better mechanical properties. It is corroborated from the weld metal microstructure that it contains γ‐austenite, δ‐ferrite and titanium carbides (intermetallic compounds). X‐ray diffraction analysis and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy plots confirm the increase in the ferrite phase in weld metal. The ferrite measurement results show that the ferrite volume in the base metal and weld metal is 1.2 percent and 6.1 percent respectively. In addition, the higher δ‐ferrite volume in the weldment helps in attaining superior mechanical integrity. Fractography shows that the failure mode of the weld metal and the base metal is ductile.
On the fatigue and fracture behavior of necked double shear lugs for aircraft applications
Authors: Winklberger M. , Schagerl M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe fatigue and fracture behavior of double shear lugs subjected to axial loading is investigated. The focus is on specific shapes, so‐called waisted or necked lugs. These structural components used in aircraft interior are prone to fatigue loads. Three different sizes of necked double shear lugs made of high strength aluminum 2024‐T351 and steel 17–4 PH are tested using constant amplitude cyclic loadings with a load ratio R = 0.01. Measurement data is used to identify the number of cycles to crack initiation and final fracture. Fatigue tests show that cracks initiate either at the inside or outside surface of necked lugs. However, no clear dependency on the load amplitude, lug size and material could be found. Numerical simulations using both conventional finite element method (FEM) and extended finite element method (XFEM) are performed to calculate the stress intensity factors (SIFs) for multiple crack lengths of straight and necked double shear lugs. Calculated stress intensity factors for straight lugs fit well to stress intensity factors reported in literature. Stress intensity factor curves of inside and outside cracks of necked lugs plotted with respect to crack length, cross each other, which could have an influence on the fracture behavior observed in fatigue tests.
Geographical separation and physiology drive differentiation of microbial communities of two discrete populations of the bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
Authors: Gaona Osiris , Cerqueda‐García Daniel , Moya Andrés , Neri‐Barrios Ximena , Falcón Luisa I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we explore how two discrete and geographically separated populations of the lesser long‐nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae)—one in central and the other in the Pacific region of Mexico—differ in their fecal microbiota composition. Considering the microbiota–host as a unity, in which extrinsic (as food availability and geography) or intrinsic factors (as physiology) play an important role in the microbiota composition, we would expect differentiation in the microbiota of two geographically separated populations. The Amplicon Sequences Variants (ASVs) of the V4 region of the 16s rRNA gene from 68 individuals were analyzed using alpha and beta diversity metrics. We obtained a total of 11 566 (ASVs). The bacterial communities in the Central and Pacific populations had a diversity of 6,939 and 4,088 ASVs, respectively, sharing a core microbiota of 539 ASVs accounting for 75% of the relative abundance, suggesting stability over evolutionary time. The Weighted UniFrac metrics tested by a PERMANOVA showed that lactating and pregnant females had significant beta diversity differences in the two populations compared with other reproductive stages. This could be a consequence of the increased energy requirements of these physiological stages, more than the variation due to geographical separation. In contrast, a positive correlation of the observed ASVs of fecal microbiota with the observed ASVs of plastids related to the diet was observed in the juveniles and adults, suggesting that in these physiological stages an extrinsic factor as the diet shapes the microbiota composition. The results provide a baseline for future studies of the microbiome in these two wild populations of the lesser long‐nosed bat, the main pollinator of the Agaves from which the beverages tequila and mezcal are made.
MRI of Motor and Nonmotor Therapy‐Induced Complications in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Donzuso Giulia , Agosta Federica , Canu Elisa , Filippi Massimo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLevodopa therapy remains the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and it is associated with the greatest improvement in motor function as assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Dopamine agonists have also proven their efficacy as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease but also as adjunct therapy. However, the chronic use of dopaminergic therapy is associated with disabling motor and nonmotor side effects and complications, among which levodopa‐induced dyskinesias and impulse control behaviors are the most common. The underlying mechanisms of these disorders are not fully understood. In the last decade, classic neuroimaging methods and more sophisticated techniques, such as analysis of gray‐matter structural imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging, have given access to anatomical and functional abnormalities, respectively, in the brain. This review presents an overview of structural and functional brain changes associated with motor and nonmotor therapy‐induced complications in Parkinson's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging may offer structural and/or functional neuroimaging biomarkers that could be used as predictive signs of development, maintenance, and progression of these complications. Neurophysiological tools, such as theta burst stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, might help us to integrate neuroimaging findings and clinical features and could be used as therapeutic options, translating neuroimaging data into clinical practice. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Identification of key genes and pathways of diagnosis and prognosis in cervical cancer by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Yang Hua‐ju , Xue Jin‐min , Li Jie , Wan Ling‐hong , Zhu Yu‐xi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer as one of the most common malignant tumors lead to bad prognosis among women. Some researches already focus on the carcinogenesis and pathogenesis of cervical cancer, but it is still necessary to identify more key genes and pathways.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes were identified by GEO2R from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) website, then gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyzed by DAVID. Meanwhile, protein–protein interaction network was constructed by STRING, and both key genes and modules were found in visualizing network through Cytoscape. Besides, GEPIA did the differential expression of key genes and survival analysis. Finally, the expression of genes related to prognosis was further explored by UNLCAN, oncomine, and the human protein atlas.ResultsTotally 57 differentially expressed genes were founded, not only enriched in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle, mitotic nuclear division, and cell division but also participated in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, toll‐like receptor signaling pathway, and amoebiasis. Additionally, 12 hub genes and 3 key modules were screened in the Cytoscape visualization network. Further survival analysis showed that TYMS (OMIM accession number 188350), MCM2 (OMIM accession number 116945), HELLS (OMIM accession number 603946), TOP2A (OMIM accession number 126430), and CXCL8 (OMIM accession number 146930) were associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer.ConclusionThis study aim to better understand the characteristics of some genes and signaling pathways about cervical cancer by bioinformatics, and could provide further research ideas to find new mechanism, more prognostic factors, and potential therapeutic targets for cervical cancer.
Pricing and capacity allocation strategies: Implications for manufacturers with product sharing
Authors: Dai Bin , Nu Yu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmerging sharing modes, like the consumer‐to‐consumer (C2C) sharing of Uber and the business‐to‐consumer (B2C) sharing of GoFun, have considerably affected the retailing markets of traditional manufacturers, who are motivated to consider product sharing when making pricing and capacity decisions, particularly electric car manufacturers with limited capacity. In this paper, we examine the equilibrium pricing for a capacity‐constrained manufacturer under various sharing modes and further analyze the impact of capacity constraint on the manufacturer's sharing mode selection as well as equilibrium outcomes. We find that manufacturers with low‐cost products prefer B2C sharing while those with high‐cost products prefer C2C sharing except when the sharing price is moderate. However, limited capacity motivates manufacturers to enter into the B2C sharing under a relatively low sharing price, and raise the total usage level by sharing high‐cost products. We also show that the equilibrium capacity allocated to the sharing market with low‐cost products first increases and then decreases. Finally, we find that sharing low‐cost products with a high limited capacity leads to a lower retail price under B2C sharing, which creates a win‐win situation for both the manufacturer and consumers. However, sharing high‐cost products with a low limited capacity creates a win‐lose situation for
them.
Callable products with dependent demands
Authors: Gallego Guillermo , Lee Haengju 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCapacity providers such as airlines often sell the same capacity to different market segments at different prices to improve their expected revenues. The absence of a secondary market, due to the nontransferability of airline tickets, gives rise to an opportunity for airlines to broker capacity between consumers with different willingness to pay. One way to broker capacity is by the introduction of callable products. The idea is similar to callable bonds where the issuer has the right, but not the obligation, to buy back the bonds at a certain price by a certain date. The idea of callable products was introduced before under the assumption that the fare‐class demands are all independent. The independent assumption becomes untenable when there is significant demand recovery (respectively, demand cannibalization) when lower fares are closed (respectively, opened). In this case, consumer choice behavior should be modeled explicitly to make meaningful decisions. In this paper, we consider a general consumer choice model and develop the optimal strategy for callable products. Our numerical study illustrates how callable products are win‐win‐win, for the capacity provider and for both high and low fare consumers. Our studies also identify conditions for callable products to result in significant improvements in expected revenues.
Numerical study in stochastic homogenization for elliptic partial differential equations: Convergence rate in the size of representative volume elements
Authors: Khoromskaia Venera , Khoromskij Boris N. , Otto Felix 
Published: March 2020

SummaryWe describe the numerical scheme for the discretization and solution of 2D elliptic equations with strongly varying piecewise constant coefficients arising in the stochastic homogenization of multiscale composite materials. An efficient stiffness matrix generation scheme based on assembling the local Kronecker product matrices is introduced. The resulting large linear systems of equations are solved by the preconditioned conjugate gradient iteration with a convergence rate that is independent of the grid size and the variation in jumping coefficients (contrast). Using this solver, we numerically investigate the convergence of the representative volume element (RVE) method in stochastic homogenization that extracts the effective behavior of the random coefficient field. Our numerical experiments confirm the asymptotic convergence rate of systematic error and standard deviation in the size of RVE rigorously established in Gloria et al. The asymptotic behavior of covariances of the homogenized matrix in the form of a quartic tensor is also studied numerically. Our approach allows laptop computation of sufficiently large number of stochastic realizations even for large sizes of the
RVE.
Small‐scale analysis of phytoecdysteroids in seeds by HPLC‐DAD‐MS for the identification and quantification of specific analogues, dereplication and chemotaxonomy
Authors: Dinan Laurence , Balducci Christine , Guibout Louis , Lafont René 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionPhytoecdysteroids are analogues of arthropod steroids occurring in plants. They contribute to invertebrate deterrence. A wide diversity of ecdysteroids occurs in phytoecdysteroid‐containing plant species, sometimes in high amounts. Ecdysteroids demonstrate potentially useful pharmaceutical actions in mammals.ObjectivesEstablish reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (RP‐HPLC‐MS/MS) and RP‐HPLC‐DAD‐MS (diode array detector mass spectrometry) methods for the separation, identification and quantification of ecdysteroids to screen for species containing significant amounts of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) and other useful ecdysteroids.Materials and methodsMicro‐extracts of seed samples (ca. 30 mg) in 50% ethanol were subjected to RP‐SPE (solid‐phase extraction) purification prior to analysis by RP‐HPLC‐MS/MS and RP‐HPLC‐DAD‐MS.The method was initially applied to genera (Amaranthus, Centaurea, Lychnis, Ourisia, Serratula, Silene and Trollius) where high‐accumulating species had been previously encountered. Seeds of 160 randomly selected species, many of which have not previously been assessed, were then analysed. HPLC‐MS/MS with a short analysis time initially identifies ecdysteroid‐positive extracts and quantifies 20E. The positive extracts (20 ng 20E) are then analysed by HPLC‐MS/MS with a longer analysis time to identify and quantify 17 common phytoecdysteroids and, finally, HPLC‐DAD‐MS (0.1–0.25 μg 20E) is used to obtain UV‐ and MS‐spectra to confirm identifications or as a basis for characterisation of partially identified or novel analogues.ResultsLychnis coronaria, Silene fimbriata and Silene hookeri ecdysteroids are characterised for the first time and those of Cucubalus baccifer and Ipheion uniflorum are more extensively characterised.ConclusionsThe procedure provides a rapid/sensitive method for screening small plant samples for the presence, quantification and identification of ecdysteroids. It permits ready dereplication of samples, identifying extracts containing large amounts or novel analogues.
Neutropenic enterocolitis in pediatric leukemia patients treated with intensive chemotherapy in Upper Egypt
Authors: Fouad Ereen Refaat , Morsy Ahmed Mohammed , Kamel Hosam Eldein Mostafa , Ali Amany Mohamed 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTImportanceIn low resource countries, there has been scarcity of research on the risk factors associated with neutropenic enterocolitis, a serious complication that commonly develops during treatment of cancer patients.ObjectiveTo identify the pattern of intestinal complications in pediatric leukemia patients treated with intensive chemotherapy, including those with neutropenic enterocolitis; to assess the outcome; and to evaluate the risk factors associated with the mortality in these patients.MethodsDuring the period from June 2015 to December 2016, a prospective study was carried out on pediatric patients diagnosed with acute leukemia who received induction/or re‐induction phases of chemotherapy at South Egypt Cancer Institute. Patients with documented episodes of intestinal complications were included in the study. Recovery or death from an episode of intestinal complication was utilized as the primary outcome measure for the study. Using univariable and multivariable methods, potential risk factors associated with mortality were delineated by logistic regression analysis, both for the entire intestinal complications episodes as a whole and for those episodes of neutropenic enterocolitis only.ResultsOut of 88 documented episodes of intestinal complications from 77 patients; 58 episodes were identified as neutropenic enterocolitis from 47 patients. In those patients who were having episodes of neutropenic enterocolitis, the presence of abdominal tenderness (OR 4.529, 95%CI 1.062–19.317, P = 0.041); a longer duration of neutropenia (OR 1.215, 95%CI 1.030–1.434, P = 0.021); and hemodynamic instability (OR 17.023, 95%CI 4.095–70.772, P < 0.001), were found to be independently associated with worse outcome.InterpretationIn Upper Egypt, the use of intensive systemic chemotherapy during the induction phase of acute leukemia was found to be associated with potentially lethal intestinal complications. A high index of clinical suspicion is warranted.