bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Intensity Interval Training Prescription for Combat-Sport Athletes
Authors: Franchini Emerson 
Published: June 2020

Context: Combat sports are composed of high-intensity actions (eg, attacks, defensive actions, and counterattacks in both grappling and striking situations depending on the specific sport) interspersed with low-intensity actions (eg, displacement without contact, stepping) or pauses (eg, referee stoppages), characterizing an intermittent activity. Therefore, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is at the essence of combat-sport-specific training and is used as complementary training, as well. HIIT prescription can be improved by using intensity parameters derived from combat-sport-specific tests. Specifically, the assessment of physiological indexes (intensity associated with the maximal blood lactate steady state, maximal oxygen consumption, and maximal sprint) or of time–motion variables (high-intensity actions, low-intensity actions, and effort:pause ratio) is a key element for a better HIIT prescription because these parameters provide an individualization of the training loads imposed on these athletes. Purpose: To present a proposal for HIIT prescription for combat-sport athletes, exemplifying with different HIIT protocols (HIIT short intervals, HIIT long intervals, repeated-sprint training, and sprint interval training) using combat-sport-specific actions and the parameters for the individualization of these protocols. Conclusions: The use of combat-sport-specific tests is likely to improve HIIT prescription, allowing coaches and strength and conditioning professionals to elaborate HIIT short intervals, HIIT long intervals, repeated-sprint training, and sprint interval training protocols using combat-sport actions, providing more specificity and individualization for the training sessions.
Psychosocial consequences of false positives in the Danish Lung Cancer CT Screening Trial: a nested matched cohort study
Authors: Rasmussen Jakob Fraes , Siersma Volkert , Malmqvist Jessica , Brodersen John 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesLung cancer CT screening can reduce lung cancer mortality, but high false-positive rates may cause adverse psychosocial consequences. The aim was to analyse the psychosocial consequences of false-positive lung cancer CT screening using the lung cancer screening-specific questionnaire, Consequences of Screening in Lung Cancer (COS-LC).Design and settingThis study was a matched cohort study, nested in the randomised Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST).ParticipantsOur study included all 130 participants in the DLCST with positive CT results in screening rounds 2–5, who had completed the COS-LC questionnaire. Participants were split into a true-positive and a false-positive group and were then matched 1:2 with a control group (n=248) on sex, age (±3 years) and the time of screening for the positive CT groups or clinic visit for the control group. The true positives and false positives were also matched 1:2 with participants with negative CT screening results (n=252).Primary outcomesPrimary outcomes were psychosocial consequences measured at five time points.ResultsFalse positives experienced significantly more negative psychosocial consequences in seven outcomes at 1 week and in three outcomes at 1 month compared with the control group and the true-negative group (mean ∆ score >0 and p<0.001). True positives experienced significantly more negative psychosocial consequences in one outcome at 1 week (mean ∆ score 2.86 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.70), p=0.0024) and in five outcomes at 1 month (mean ∆ score >0 and p<0.004) compared with the true-negative group and the control group. No long-term psychosocial consequences were identified either in false positives or true positives.ConclusionsReceiving a false-positive result in lung cancer screening was associated with negative short-term psychosocial consequences. These findings contribute to the evidence on harms of screening and should be taken into account when considering implementation of lung cancer screening programmes.Trial registration numberNCT00496977.
Exploration of trends in the incidence and prevalence of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse recording in UK primary care: a retrospective cohort study using ‘the health improvement network’ database
Authors: Chandan Joht Singh , Gokhale Krishna Margadhamane , Bradbury-Jones Caroline , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Bandyopadhyay Siddhartha , Taylor Julie 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesDescribe the epidemiology of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse (in women).DesignAnalysis of longitudinal records between 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2018.SettingUK primary care database: ‘The Health Improvement Network’ (THIN).Participants11 831 850 eligible patients from 787 contributing practices. Childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse (women only) were defined as the presence of a recorded Read code.Outcome measuresThe incidence rate (IR) and prevalence of childhood maltreatment (in children aged 0–18 years) and domestic abuse (in women aged over 18) between 1996 and 2017. An adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) is given to examine the differences in IRs based on sex, ethnicity and deprivation.ResultsThe age and gender breakdown of THIN has been previously reported to be representative of the UK population, however, there is substantial missing information on deprivation quintiles (<20%) and ethnicity (approximately 50%). The IR (IR 60.1; 95% CI 54.3 to 66.0 per 100 000 child years) and prevalence (416.1; 95% CI 401.3 to 430.9 per 100 000 child population) of childhood maltreatment rose until 2017. The aIRR was greater in patients from the most deprived backgrounds (aIRR 5.14; 95% CI 4.57 to 5.77 compared with least deprived) and from an ethnic minority community (eg, black aIRR 1.25; 1.04 to 1.49 compared with white). When examining domestic abuse in women, in 2017, the IR was 34.5 (31.4 to 37.7) per 100 000 adult years and prevalence 368.7 (358.7 to 378.7) per 100 000 adult population. Similarly, the IR was highest in the lowest socioeconomic class (aIRR 2.30; 2.71 to 3.30) and in ethnic minorities (South Asian aIRR 2.14; 1.92 to 2.39 and black aIRR 1.64; 1.42 to 1.89).ConclusionDespite recent improvements in recording, there is still a substantial under-recording of maltreatment and abuse within UK primary care records, compared with currently existing sources of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse data. Approaches must be implemented to improve recording and detection of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse within medical records.
Efficacy of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Gebrie Desye , Getnet Desalegn , Manyazewal Tsegahun 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundDespite global containment measures to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic continued to rise, rapidly spread across the world, and resulting in 2.6 million confirmed cases and 185 061 deaths worldwide as of 23 April 2020. Yet, there are no approved vaccines or drugs to make the disease less deadly, while efforts are underway. Remdesivir, a nucleotide-analogue antiviral drug developed for Ebola, is determined to prevent and stop infections with COVID-19, while results are yet controversial. Here, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19.Method and analysisWe will search MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google scholar databases for articles published as of 30 June 2020 and we will complete the study on 30 August 2020. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines for the design and reporting of the results. We will include RCTs that assessed the efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo or standard of care. The primary endpoint will be time to clinical recovery. The secondary endpoints will be proportion of participants relieved from clinical symptoms defined at the time (in hours) from initiation of the study treatment, all-cause mortality, discharged date, frequency of respiratory progression and treatment-emergent adverse events. RevMan V.5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis. Random effects model will be carried out to calculate mean differences for continuous outcome data and risk ratio for dichotomous outcome data between remdesivir and placebo or standard of care.Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethical considerations associated with this study as we will use publicly available data from previously published studies. We plan to publish results in open-access peer-reviewed journals and present at international and national conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020177953.
Famotidine use and quantitative symptom tracking for COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: a case series
Authors: Janowitz Tobias , Gablenz Eva , Pattinson David , Wang Timothy C , Conigliaro Joseph , Tracey Kevin , Tuveson David 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTreatment options for non-hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to reduce morbidity, mortality and spread of the disease are an urgent global need. The over-the-counter histamine-2 receptor antagonist famotidine is a putative therapy for COVID-19. We quantitively assessed longitudinal changes in patient reported outcome measures in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19 who self-administered high-dose famotidine orally.DesignPatients were enrolled consecutively after signing written informed consent. Data on demographics, COVID-19 diagnosis, famotidine use, drug-related side effects, temperature measurements, oxygen saturations and symptom scores were obtained using questionnaires and telephone interviews. Based on a National Institute of Health (NIH)-endorsed Protocol to research Patient Experience of COVID-19, we collected longitudinal severity scores of five symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headaches and anosmia) and general unwellness on a four-point ordinal scale modelled on performance status scoring. All data are reported at the patient level. Longitudinal combined normalised symptom scores were statistically compared.ResultsTen consecutive patients with COVID-19 who self-administered high-dose oral famotidine were identified. The most frequently used famotidine regimen was 80 mg three times daily (n=6) for a median of 11 days (range: 5–21 days). Famotidine was well tolerated. All patients reported marked improvements of disease related symptoms after starting famotidine. The combined symptom score improved significantly within 24 hours of starting famotidine and peripheral oxygen saturation (n=2) and device recorded activity (n=1) increased.ConclusionsThe results of this case series suggest that high-dose oral famotidine is well tolerated and associated with improved patient-reported outcomes in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19.
Nursing the recumbent patient
Authors: Haskey Eleanor 
Published: June 2020

Background: Recumbency is defined as a patient that is lying down or unable to stand (Lane and Gruthrie 2001). The time that a patient is recumbent is dependent on the underlying cause and their comorbidities; however, there is little evidence describing the best way to nurse the recumbent patient. Some evidence from nursing human patients can be transferred to veterinary patients, whereas other ideas are merely anecdotal. Recumbent patients can present a challenge to the veterinary team as they often have many nursing considerations. It is therefore important to adopt a holistic approach, including regular patient assessment, treatment of the underlying cause and comorbidities, and the administration of frequent nursing interventions to reduce the risk of complications associated with being recumbent.Aim of the article: To outline key patient assessment areas to consider when treating a recumbent patient.
Changing levels of local crime and mental health: a natural experiment using self-reported and service use data in Scotland
Authors: Baranyi Gergő , Cherrie Mark , Curtis Sarah E , Dibben Chris , Pearce Jamie 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThis study contributes robust evidence on the association between mental health and local crime rates by showing how changing exposure to small area-level crime relates to self-reported and administrative data on mental health.MethodsThe study sample comprised 112 251 adults aged 16–60 years, drawn from the Scottish Longitudinal Study, a 5.3% representative sample of Scottish population followed across censuses. Outcomes were individual mental health indicators: self-reported mental illness from the 2011 Census and linked administrative data on antidepressants and antipsychotics prescribed through primary care providers in the National Health Service in 2010/2012. Crime rates at data zone level (500–1000 persons) were matched to the participants’ main place of residence, as defined by general practitioner patient registration duration during 2004/2006, 2007/2009 and 2010/12. Average neighbourhood crime exposure and change in area crime were computed. Covariate-adjusted logistic regressions were conducted, stratified by moving status.ResultsIn addition to average crime exposure during follow-up, recent increases in crime (2007/2009–2010/2012) were associated with a higher risk of self-reported mental illness, among ‘stayers’ aged 16–30 years (OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.22), and among ‘movers’ aged 31–45 years (OR=1.07; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.13). Prescribed medications reinforced these findings; worsening crime rates were linked with antidepressant prescriptions among young stayers (OR=1.09; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.14) and with antipsychotic prescriptions among younger middle-aged movers (OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.23).ConclusionChanging neighbourhood crime exposure is related to individual mental health, but associations differ by psychiatric conditions, age and moving status. Crime reduction and prevention, especially in communities with rising crime rates, may benefit public mental health.
Are we all in this together? Longitudinal assessment of cumulative adversities by socioeconomic position in the first 3 weeks of lockdown in the UK
Authors: Wright Liam , Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundDespite media claims that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uniting societies and countries in shared experience, there has been concern that the pandemic is in fact exposing and widening existing inequalities within societies. Data have shown these differences for cases and fatalities, but data on other types of adversities are lacking. Therefore, this study explored the changing patterns of adversity relating to the COVID-19 pandemic by socioeconomic position (SEP) during the early weeks of lockdown in the UK.MethodsData were from 12 527 UK adults in the University College London COVID-19 Social Study (a panel study that involves online weekly data collection from participants during the COVID-19 pandemic). We analysed data collected from 25 March to 14 April 2020. The sample was well-stratified and weighted to population proportions of gender, age, ethnicity, education and country of living. We used Poisson and logit models to assess 10 different types of adverse experiences depending on an index of SEP over time.ResultsThere was a clear gradient across the number of adverse events experienced each week by SEP. This was most clearly seen for adversities relating to finances (including loss of employment and cut in income) and basic needs (including access to food and medications) but less for experiences directly relating to the virus. Inequalities were maintained with no reductions in discrepancies between socioeconomic groups over time.ConclusionsThere were clear inequalities in adverse experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the early weeks of lockdown in the UK. Results suggest that measures taken to try to reduce such adverse events did not go far enough in tackling inequality.
Mutation inCATIP(C2orf62) causes oligoteratoasthenozoospermia by affecting actin dynamics
Authors: Arafat Maram , Harlev Avi , Har-Vardi Iris , Levitas Eliahu , Priel Tsvia , Gershoni Moran , Searby Charles , Sheffield Val C , Lunenfeld Eitan , Parvari Ruti 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundOligoteratoasthenozoospermia (OTA) combines deteriorated quantity, morphology and motility of the sperm, resulting in male factor infertility.MethodsWe used whole genome genotyping and exome sequencing to identify the mutation causing OTA in four men in a consanguineous Bedouin family. We expressed the normal and mutated proteins tagged with c-Myc at the carboxy termini by transfection with pCDNA3.1 plasmid constructs to evaluate the effects on protein stability in HEK293 cells and on the kinetics of actin repolymerisation in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Patients’ sperm samples were visualised by transmission electron microscopy to determine axoneme structures and were stained with fluorescent phalloidin to visualise the fibrillar (F)-actin.ResultsA homozygous missense mutation in Ciliogenesis Associated TTC17 Interacting Protein (CATIP): c. T103A, p. Phe35Ile, a gene encoding a protein important in actin organisation and ciliogenesis, was identified as the causative mutation with a LOD score of 3.25. The mutation reduces the protein stability compared with the normal protein. Furthermore, overexpression of the normal protein, but not the mutated protein, inhibits repolymerisation of actin after disruption with cytochalasin D. A high percentage of spermatozoa axonemes from patients have abnormalities, as well as disturbances in the distribution of F-actin.ConclusionThis is the first report of a recessive mutation inCATIPin humans. The identified mutation may contribute to asthenozoospermia by its involvement in actin polymerisation and on the actin cytoskeleton. A mouse knockout homozygote for CATIP was reported to demonstrate male infertility as the sole phenotype.
Neurotoxicity—CAR T-cell therapy: what the neurologist needs to know
Authors: Neill Lorna , Rees Jeremy , Roddie Claire 
Published: June 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is one of the most innovative therapies for haematological malignancies to emerge in a generation. Clinical studies have shown that a single dose of CAR T-cells can deliver durable clinical remissions for some patients with B﻿-cell cancers where conventional therapies have failed.A significant complication of CAR therapy is the immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). This syndrome presents a continuum from mild tremor to cerebral oedema and in a minority of cases, death. Management of ICANS is mainly supportive, with a focus on seizure prevention and attenuation of the immune system, often using corticosteroids. Parallel investigation to exclude other central nervous system pathologies (infection, disease progression) is critical. In this review, we discuss current paradigms around CAR T-cell therapy, with a focus on appropriate investigation and management of ICANS.
Testing Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi metric parameters with quasi-periodic oscillations
Authors: Ghasemi-Nodehi M. , Lu Youjun , Chen Ju , Yang Chao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQPOs are seen as peak features in the X-ray power spectral density of stellar mass black holes and neutron stars, of which frequencies can be measured with high precision. These QPO frequencies are believed to be related to fundamental frequencies of test particles, which are mainly determined by the background metric. We consider the metric introduced in Ghasemi-Nodehi and Bambi (Eur Phys J C 76:290, 2016). The fundamental frequencies in this metric are sensitive to some of the metric parameters but insensitive to other parameters, which means, the differences in fundamental frequencies in this metric and those in the Kerr ones can be significant for small changes of some but not all parameters around the Kerr value. By comparing with the QPO observations of GRO J1655-40, we find that only one parameter of the Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi metric can be strongly constrained, but other parameters cannot. We also use nested algorithm to investigate whether better constraints on the Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi metric parameters can be obtained from QPO observations of multiple objects by simulations. We find that four parameters can be strongly constrained while other parameters cannot . Our results suggest that QPOs may be important tools for testing the Kerr metric.
Randomly switched vector fields sharing a zero on a common invariant face
Authors: Strickler Edouard 
Published: June 2020

We consider a Piecewise Deterministic Markov Process given by random switching between finitely many vector fields vanishing at [Formula: see text]. It has been shown recently that the behavior of this process is mainly determined by the signs of Lyapunov exponents. However, results have only been given when all these exponents have the same sign. In this paper, we consider the degenerate case where the process leaves invariant some face and results are stated when the Lyapunov exponents are of opposite signs. Our results enable in particular to close a gap in a discussion on random switching between two Lorenz vector fields by Bakhtin and Hurth, Invariant densities for dynamical systems with random switching, Nonlinearity 25 (2012) 2937–2952.
Study Design and Rationale of EXPLORER-HCM
Authors: Ho Carolyn Y. , Olivotto Iacopo , Jacoby Daniel , Lester Steven J. , Roe Matthew , Wang Andrew , Waldman Cynthia Burstein , Zhang David , Sehnert Amy J. , Heitner Stephen B. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) is characterized by unexplained left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy associated with dynamic LV outflow tract obstruction. Current medical therapies are nonspecific and have limited efficacy in relieving symptoms. Mavacamten is a first-in-class targeted inhibitor of cardiac myosin, which has been shown to reduce LV outflow tract obstruction, improve exercise capacity, and relieve symptoms of oHCM in the PIONEER-HCM phase 2 study.

Methods:
EXPLORER-HCM is a multicenter, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of mavacamten in treating symptomatic oHCM. Eligible adults with oHCM and New York Heart Association Functional Class II or III are randomized 1:1 to receive once-daily, oral mavacamten, or matching placebo for 30 weeks. The primary composite functional end point is clinical response at week 30 compared to baseline defined as either (1) an increase in peak oxygen consumption ≥1.5 mL/kg/min and reduction of at least one New York Heart Association class; or (2) an improvement of ≥3.0 mL/kg/min in peak oxygen consumption with no worsening of New York Heart Association class. Secondary end points include change in postexercise LV outflow tract gradient, New York Heart Association class, peak oxygen consumption, and patient-reported outcomes assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and a novel HCM-specific instrument. Exploratory end points aim to characterize the effect of mavacamten on multiple aspects of oHCM pathophysiology.

Conclusions:
EXPLORER-HCM is a phase 3 trial in oHCM testing a first-in-class, targeted strategy of myosin inhibition to improve symptom burden and exercise capacity through reducing LV outflow tract obstruction. Results of this trial will provide evidence to support the first disease-specific treatment for HCM.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03470545.