bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Local Adaptation Into the Forecasts of Paeonia Veitchii Distribution
Authors: Tian Lixia , Sun Xiao , Ahmad Bashir , Jiang Yuanyuan , Zhang Li , Huang Linfang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSpecies distribution models(SDMs) have been widely used to forecast the distribution of medicinal plants under climate change at the species level. However, most predictions of this distribution have ignored local adaptation.MethodsHere, we used Paeonia veitchii, a Daodi herb from Sichuan Province, China, as an example. The 226 occurrence sites of P. veitchii and 31 bioclimatic variables were used to delineate different climatic populations based on principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Maximum entropy algorithm was developed to project the distribution of the diverse population under Last Glacial Maximum community climate (ca. 22 ka), the Mid-Holocene (ca. 6 ka), and current and various future climate scenarios (representative concentration pathways [RCPs] 2.6, 6.0, and 8.5). Critical environmental variables that shape separate population distributions and distribution shifts under multiple climate change scenarios were also identified. ResultsThe results showed that local adaptation exists within the distribution range of P. veitchii and all presence sites were clustered into P. veitchii from Daodi (PV_Daodi) and non-Daodi (PV_non-Daodi). Precipitation of the wettest month, mean global UV radiation in January (UV_JAN), and mean global UV radiation in July are essential when shaping the distribution of PV_Daodi, and UV_JAN, annual mean air temperature, and isothermality are vital for PV_non-Daodi. The PV_Daodi population was predicted to have an expansion in potential distribution in 2050 and a slight contraction in 2070 under RCP 2.6 and 6.0 scenarios. The PV_non-Daodi population will have a consistent expansion under RCP 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios. Both populations tend to shift northward under climate change. Conclusion﻿The results of our study could be a useful reference to implement the long-term conservation of high-quality P. veitchii.
Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Lebanese Surface Waters: Estimation of Population Exposure and Identification of High-Risk Drugs
Authors: Saab Yolande , Nakad Zahi , Rahme Rita 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Environmental risk assessment of anti-cancer drugs and their transformation products is a major concern worldwide due to two main factors: the consumption of chemotherapeutic agents is increasing throughout the years and conventional water treatment processes seem to be ineffective. The aim of the study is to investigate the consumption of anticancer drugs and assess their potential health hazard as contaminants of the Lebanese surface waters. Data on yearly consumption of 259 anti-neoplastic drugs over the years 2013 to 2018 were collected and the following parameters were calculated: yearly consumption of single active ingredients, yearly consumption of drug equivalents (for drugs belonging to the same pharmacologic class/ having the same active ingredient) and Predicted Environmental Concentrations. The classification of compounds into risk categories was based on exposure using Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs). The top five most commonly consumed drugs are Mycophenolate mofetil, Hydroxycarbamide, Capecitibine, Mycophenolic acid and Azathioprine. Based on the calculated PEC values of single active ingredients as well as their equivalents, six high risk priority compounds were identified: Mycophenolate mofetil, Hydroxycarbamide, Capecitibine, Mycophenolic acid and Azathioprine and 5-Fluorouracil. The impact of these micropollutants on animals as well as humans was analyzed. This research paper stresses the importance of further analysis of chemotherapy micropollutants with major focus on high risk drugs. Additionally, regulations should be set in place to ensure proper management of waste water and the development of efficient waste water treatment plants.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnesia-based Powder Added With Transition Metal
Authors: Kim Bong-Gu , Choi Hyun-Hee , Son Jung-Hun , Yang SeungCheol , Kwon Min-Seok , Tiamiyu Asimiyu A. , Zhang Jing , Jung Yeon-Gil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The solid-phase reaction method for preparing forsterite (Mg2SiO4) using MgO and SiO2 powders has the disadvantages of high reaction temperature, long reaction time, and inhomogeneous reaction depending on the particle size of MgO. Therefore, MgO-based powders with a high reactivity were synthesized using a coprecipitation method with substitutional elements (Mn or Ni), and the effects of processing parameters on synthesizing MgO-based binary composition powders were investigated through the particle characteristics. The crystal structure continuously changed with the contents of the substitutional element, showing the same trend as the atomistic simulation results. The MgO-based powders showed higher reactivity than the conventional MgO powder, which could be confirmed in the particle characteristics, such as particle size and crystallinity, obtained in a short reaction time, and at a relatively low temperature. The optimum composition ratio in the binary composition powder for forming the Mg2SiO4 depended on the type of substitutional element, and the reaction mechanism was identified based on the particle characteristics.
Wide-Frequency-Range Dielectric Tuning of BaTiO3 by Embedding Metal Nanocrystals
Authors: SHI Deli , FANG Leiming , Zhang Xiaoqiang , TANG Jinlong , LI Jun , FU Yajun , WANG Jin , GAO Zhipeng , XIONG Zhengwei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Fe nanocrystals (NCs) were embedded into the epitaxial BaTiO 3 (BTO) matrix. According to optimize growth processes, a novel nanocomposite system was constructed, which consist of well epitaxial BTO layer and three-dimensional Fe NCs. Based on this, the different dielectric response in the regions of low temperature-high frequency and low frequency-high temperature were revealed by the contribution of hopping and interfacial polarizations, respectively. With the increased amount of Fe NCs, the obvious enhancement of low-frequency conductivity, middle frequency capacitance and high-frequency inductive effect was found. The metal NC embedding plays an important role in tuning the dielectric behaviors and ac conductivity of oxide dielectrics. This significant rectification effect in the wide-frequency ranges opens up a new direction for the designing of embedded nano-capacitors.
A New Pathological Classification of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma from an Embryological Viewpoint
Authors: Yamashita Shoko , Morine Yuji , Imura Satoru , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Saito Yu , Takasu Chie , Yamada Shinichiro , Tokuda Kazunori , Okikawa Shohei , Miyazaki Katsuki , Oya Takeshi , Tsuneyama Koichi , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: No universal classification method for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) has been reported based on the embryological origin of biliary epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to classify IHCC according to protein expression levels of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) and b-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and to elucidate the clinicopathological features of each group.Methods: Fifty-two IHCC patients who underwent hepatic resection were enrolled in this study. Protein expression levels of SSTR2 and Bcl2 were examined using immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological factors were compared between the three groups and prognostic factors were investigated. Results: The patients were divided into three groups: SSTR2 positive and Bcl2 negative (Group H, n=21), SSTR2 negative and Bcl2 positive (Group P, n=14), and the indeterminate group (Group U, n=17) for cases where SSTR2 and Bcl2 were both positive or both negative. All Group P cases displayed curability A or B. The 5-year survival rates of Group H and U patients were worse than those in Group P. Group H had higher T-factor, clinical stage, and incidence of periductal infiltration than Group P.Conclusions:This method could be used to classify IHCC into peripheral and perihilar type by embryological expression patterns of SSTR2 and Bcl2.
An Analysis of the Quality of New-Born Health Services in Nampula, Mozambique.
Authors: Pires Paulo Das Das Neves , Mupueleque Martins , Mucufo Jaibo , Siemens Ronald , Belo Celso 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNew-born morbidity and mortality are high in Africa, including Mozambique. One important factor to reduce this public health burden is ensuring the frequency and quality of new-born visits, with the availability of efficient, timely, patient centred care. To contribute to the reduction of new-born mortality rate in Nampula, the Lúrio University and the University of Saskatchewan, carried out an implementation research project which included training activities for health professionals in maternal and child health care. We planned a mid-project evaluation, to assess the impact of health professionals training on the quality of services at Marrere Health Centre.MethodsQuantitative study, applying two cross-sectional surveys about new-born visits service quality. The first surveys were conducted after two health professionals’ training sessions and the other after five more sessions. The samples of carers of infants up to 28 days of age in Marrere Health Centre, were calculated considering the average number of post-partum visits per month (47 in 2018, with a margin of error of 10% and a confidence interval of 90 %, 134 in 2019, with a margin of error of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%). The individual surveys used a five-point Likert scale and were entered into REDCap, and analysed to assess frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. This research was approved by the bioethics committees at Lúrio University and at the University of Saskatchewan.Results188 child carers were surveyed at Marrere Health Centre, about new-born services quality. Most areas showed no improvement. Positive improvements were a 48% increase in health professionals encouraging mothers to share any difficulties during the patient encounter, a 31% increase in encouraging mothers to have a person of their choice to accompany them during labour, suggesting a traditional birth attendant (97%). Many shortcomings persisted in practices of introducing themselves, communication with patients, privacy, and confidentiality.ConclusionThe quality of care at Marrere Health Centre did not improve and health professionals are not practising according to the protocol. Reviewing health professionals learning approach, developing continuous capacity building, would be the next best steps to improve quality of new-born centred care.Trial registrationThis study was not registered in any data base.
‘Solar septic tank’: evaluation of innovative decentralized treatment of blackwater in developing countries
Authors: Koottatep Thammarat , Connelly Stephanie , Pussayanavin Tatchai , Khamyai Sopida , Sangchun Wattanapong , Sloan William , Polprasert Chongrak 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An innovative decentralized wastewater treatment system, namely the ‘Solar Septic Tank (SST)’, was constructed and tested at the household scale in a community in central Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the long-term performance of the SST in treating blackwater subject to year-round variation. Results of the 3-year continuous operation and monitoring showed significant improvement in the SST effluent quality with the potential to minimize environmental problems and public health risks. The SST achieved significantly higher total chemical oxygen demand, soluble chemical oxygen demand, total biochemical oxygen demand (TBOD), soluble biochemical oxygen demand, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total solid and total volatile solid removal efficiencies than a conventional septic tank (CST). The average TBOD concentration of the SST effluent was 150 ± 75 mg/L, meeting the Thai discharge standard (less than 200 mg/L of TBOD), while the average TBOD concentration of the CST was 240 ± 140 mg/L, higher than the Thai discharge standard. The Escherichia coli inactivation in the SST was 1–2 log reduction more than that in the CST. The removal efficiencies of TBOD and pathogens exhibited positive correlation with the ratios of the SST temperature.
Pain Biomarkers in Cancer: An Overview
Authors: Calapai Fabrizio , Mondello Epifanio , Mannucci Carmen , Sorbara Emanuela E. , Gangemi Sebastiano , Quattrone Domenico , Calapai Gioacchino , Cardia Luigi 
Published: November 2020

Background:Pain is a common symptom in oncologic patients and its management is generally guided with reference to pain individually perceived by patients and expressed through self-reported scales. However, the utility of these tools is limited as it strongly depends on patients’ opinions. For this reason, more objective instruments are desirable.Objective:In this overview, scientific articles indicating potential markers to be used for pain management in cancer were collected and discussed.Methods:Research was performed on principal electronic scientific databases by using the words “pain”, “cancer”, “markers” and “biomarkers” as the main keywords, and findings describing potential biomarkers for the management of cancer pain were reported.Results:Studies on pain markers not specific for cancer typology (inflammatory, genetic markers predicting response to analgesic drugs, neuroimaging markers) and pain markers for specific types of cancer (bone cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, prostate cancer, cancer in pediatrics) have been presented and commented on.Conclusion:This overview supports the view of the involvement of inflammatory mediators in the mechanisms underlying cancer pain. Only a small amount of data from research up till today is available on markers that can help in the management of pain, except for pro-inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory indexes such as C-reactive protein (CRP). However, biomarkers are a promising strategy useful to predict pain intensity and to objectively quantify analgesic response in guiding decisions regarding individual-tailored treatments for cancer patients.
Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis as an Early Biomarker to Differentiate Sepsis from Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Cakir Esra , Gok Gamze , Erel Ozcan , Turan Isil Ozkocak 
Published: November 2020

Background:
It is possible that patients with pneumonia also may have sepsis and the separation of these two
clinical entities may induce some trouble to clinicians

Objective:
In order to separate a patient with pneumonia and a patient with sepsis, we qualify thiol/disulfide homeostasis as
a potential biomarker.

Method:
This study designed between February 2018 – February 2019 prospectively. All patients in the intensive care unit
with pneumonia and sepsis were enrolled in the study. At the time of hospitalization, thiol/disulfide homeostasis was measured.
Patients diagnosed with sepsis and pneumonia were compared, in regards to thiol/disulfide homeostasis.

Conclusion:
In this study, we showed that thiol/disulfide homeostasis can be used as new markers in the early period in order
to separate patients with sepsis and patients with pneumonia.

Results:
During research period, 103 patients with sepsis and 120 patients with pneumonia were enrolled into the study.
When we compared native-thiol, total-thiol, and disulfide levels in both sepsis and pneumonia patients, we had similar results
(p>0.05). In sepsis group, index-1 (disulfide/native thiol ratio) and index-2 (disulfide/total thiol ratio) were found out to
be statistically higher than the pneumonia group, and index-3 (native thiol/total thiol ratio) was statistically lower than the
pneumonia group (p=0.020, p= 0.021, p=0.021, respectively).
An Affordable, Scalable, Open Architecture, IoT Eco-system for the Academic Community
Authors: Radhanand Anantha , Kumar K. Naga Balaji , Namburu Swetha 
Published: November 2020

Aim:
Today, Internet of Things (IoT) applications are extended from smart homes to ehealth,
cyber security, data analytics, logistics and management of assets. There are many upcoming
IOT solutions and platforms like ThingWorx, Xively, and Yaler. However, the existing eco-systems
are not vibrant because of the high entry-level barrier and low potential for any stakeholder. Especially,
the academic community requires a comprehensible way to create IoT services, develop their skillsets
and build applications around them. In this regard, this work presents an affordable and scalable
IoT eco-system with an easily programmable hardware platform, a private web server on the cloud
and a user-friendly mobile application.

Background:
Home automation controls the devices and appliances in the home environment to increase
the comfort and convenience. To design a typical immune home automation system, we need to
incorporate different sensors, wireless networking and a central node that can collect data and act as a
gateway for the internet connection.

Objective:
Delivering an IoT solution involves the use of multiple technologies that cut across traditional
engineering stream boundaries - sensors, microcontrollers, wireless networking, network protocols,
web programming, and mobile app development. The open challenge is to put the entire ecosystem
together either through new development or through configuartion of existing components.

Methods:
In this work, we incorporated a suitable hardware platform that can be easily programmed.
The platform is open so that new sensors and actuators can be added as per requirement. The existing
web services are used to post and retrieve data from the cloud. In addition, mobile apps can be developed
to make data available to the user.

Results:
A custom-built GISMO based IoT cloud system is developed with sensors and nodes to form
an infrastructure. The framework will assure standard design that establishes a functional link between
hardware, software and web applications. A private web service using HTTP server and MQTT broker is
designed with access from anywhere with a public IP. The web services are coded in PHP and since it is
an in-house development, the addition of new services and maintenance of existing services are easy.

Conclusion:
The IoT eco-system developed provides a platform for a quick out-of-the-box implementation
of an IoT project. Other sensors such as a PIR sensor, an RTC module, an ultrasonic sensor, a
soil moisture sensor have been interfaced to the GISMO module using the IOs brought out onto the
expansion header. The GISMO thus can serve as a generic hardware platform for sensor/actuator interface
in the IoT scheme. The eco-system can be replicated in other institutes and can serve as a base
to implement applications like sensor-to-cloud interface, cloud-to-actuator interface, cloud-based
alerts and notifications, HTTP and MQTT protocols usage.
A Network Science-Based Performance Improvement Model for the Airline Industry Using NetworkX
Authors: Kollu Vishnu Vardhan Reddy , Amiripalli Shanmuk Srinivas , Jitendra Mukkamala Siva Naga Ventaka , Kumar Tirandasu Ravi 
Published: November 2020

Background:
COVID 19 created a challenging situation for many of the industries across
the globe. Our primary focus is on the most affected airline industry. In this paper, the connectivity
and profits of an airline company were analyzed with the theoretical approach and by proposing a
novel model to increase the performance of the above parameters. In our previous work, two airlines
were investigated, and it was observed that adding trips to a non-profit airline concerning profit Airlines
is one of the optimal techniques to improve the performance. In this paper, multi-airlines have
been considered.

Methods:
In the first step, identify the appropriate data sets for three airline companies and the collected
data set in image format, to convert them into graph format consisting of nodes and edges. In
the next step, an analysis has been conducted on data set graphs by considering the parameters like diameter,
density, average degree, clustering coefficient and the shortest path generated to identify the
profitable airlines. The proposed algorithms will apply either trimming or adding operations on lowprofit
airline operators with respective profitable airlines. In the last step, the proposed algorithm will
generate an output with better connectivity and profits.

Results:
In this research, other interesting findings, which are relatively contrasted to the previous
findings, were observed. In the present research findings, trimming of trips to non-profit airlines concerning
the profit airlines can also be an optimal solution for better performance.

Discussion:
In this research, complex multigraph airlines were analyzed by using the graph analytics
technique for the optimum solution. Standard parameters like edges, nodes, degree, clustering, and
shortest path on indigo, spice jet, and AirAsia airline systems were also compared.

Conclusion:
The proposed algorithm analyzes the connectivity of airline systems and applies either
trimming or enhancing techniques. Indigo airlines have the best-connected network as compared to
the other two models. Trimming operations will be performed on Indigo, whereas on Air Asia and
spice jet, both cutting and enhancing will be served.
Combining Chemotherapy with Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: A Review
Authors: Palathingal John Thomas , Sunny Basil , Vijayan Vismaya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract::American Cancer Society estimates that about 1 in 21 men and 1 in 23 women in US will develop colorectal cancer during their lifetime. Due to the advances in screening and treatment modalities, the mortality rate has reduced. Rising resistance to treatment have directed the focus towards different approaches as combination therapies involving different treatment techniques available. One such approach is chemo-immunotherapy that targets to modulate TIME and improve the response to immunotherapy. The chemo-immunotherapy has shown a positive impact in improving the outcome of CRC treatment. The ensemble of results discussed herein supports the role of biomarkers in determining the most effective treatment algorithm. A comprehensive knowledge about the off-target effects of the cytotoxic drugs helps in designing more efficacious combined treatment. The time-window for optimal combination must also be considered carefully.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Protein A Affinity Chromatography to Purify a Monoclonal Antibody for Cancer Treatment and its Purity Analysis
Authors: Akhtar Ayesha , Arumugam Shivakumar , Alam Shoaib 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Protein A affinity chromatography is often employed as the most crucial
purification step for monoclonal antibodies to achieve high yield with purity and throughput requirements.

Introduction:
Protein A, also known as Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) is found in the cell wall of
the bacteria staphylococcus aureus. It is one of the first discovered immunoglobulin binding
molecules and has been extensively studied since the past few decades. The efficiency of Protein A
affinity chromatography to purify a recombinant monoclonal antibody in a cell culture sample has
been evaluated, which removes 99.0% of feed stream impurities.

Materials and Method:
We have systematically evaluated the purification performance by using a
battery of analytical methods SDS-PAGE (non-reduced and reduced sample), Cation Exchange
Chromatography (CEX), Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and Reversed phased-Reduced
Chromatography for a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody.

Results and Discussion:
The analytical test was conducted to determine the impurity parameter,
Host Cell Contaminating Proteins (HCP). It was evaluated to be 0.015ng/ml after the purification
step; while initially, it was found to be 24.431ng/ml.

Conclusion:
The tests showed a distinct decrease in the level of different impurities after the chromatography
step. It can be concluded that Protein A chromatography is an efficient step in the purification
of monoclonal antibodies.