bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of sentinel logs to assess host shifts in early beetle colonisers of deadwood under climate‐ and forestry‐induced tree species substitutions
Authors: Bouget Christophe , Brin Antoine , Larrieu Laurent 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Global change scenarios project drastic modifications in tree species range and an increase in exotic tree plantations. Subsequent tree species substitutions may alter habitat conditions for biodiversity.
We measured substitutability between tree species for early deadwood colonisers, through a sentinel log approach, i.e. through the experimental exposure of paired down deadwood (DDW) pieces to native beetles in native stands. We compared two native/substitute tree species pairs: one conifer pair composed of a rapidly expanding exotic species (Douglas fir) and a declining native species (silver fir), and one deciduous pair composed of two native species, one expanding (sessile oak) and one retreating (beech) at the regional scale.
The effects of expanding exotic and native trees on beetle communities were not in line with expectations.
Species assemblages in Douglas fir DDW were indistinguishable from those in native silver fir DDW and did not contain fewer species. Assemblages were not more generalist on average in substitutes than in substituted trees: we did not note any decrease in species richness of functional groups to the detriment of specialist species.
Moreover, species richness and abundance were higher in substitute oak than in native beech DDW, confirming that species from the regional pool were able to colonise oak, even though it is a minor tree species at the regional level.
Large‐scale monitoring schemes including multi‐taxon, multi‐year and multiple native/substitute pairs would further our knowledge of the generic effects of tree species substitution on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Development and validation of a methodology for the sensometric characterisation of high‐pungency peppers: a case study of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
Authors: Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús , Rodriguez‐Buenfil Ingrid Mayanin , Pérez‐Robles Mirielen , Oney‐Montalvo Julio Enrique , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Cabal‐Prieto Adán , Ramírez‐Sucre Manuel Octavio , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective was to develop and validate sample testing conditions for the sensometric evaluation of habanero pepper. Stage I consisted of evaluating and selecting the most adequate conditions for the evaluation of habanero pepper. Stage II consisted of the validation of the conditions selected in Stage I. Green light, direct cut to the fresh chilli, and different mixtures of 6 g of sugar + 1.7 g of habanero pepper and 7 g of sugar + 1.7 g of habanero chilli in 150 mL of water and butter were suitable conditions for habanero pepper evaluation. TDS (temporal dominance of sensations) technique indicated that dominant attributes of habanero chilli were chilli flavour and spicy flavour. Descriptive analysis technique indicated that habanero chilli had the highest intensities in chilli aroma, fresh leaf, mouth numbness, mouth heat, chilli flavour and burn feeling sensory attributes. Sensory panel showed an adequate performance with a correct classification of chilli samples of 96.30%.
Using Twitter® as source of information for dietary market research: a study on veganism and plant‐based diets
Authors: Aleixo Marina G.B. , Sass Carla A.B. , Leal Rafael M. , Dantas Tiago M. , Pagani Mônica M. , Pimentel Tatiana C. , Freitas Mônica Q. , Cruz Adriano G. , Azeredo Denise R.P. , Esmerino Erick A. 
Published: July 2020

SummarySocial media has experienced rapid growth in recent years and has been subjected of discussions on a wide range of topics including new lifestyles and eating habits, providing a great opportunity to obtain spontaneous consumer information. In this sense, the present work aimed to understand the perception of Twitter® users about themes of veganism and plant‐based diets. The social networking data mining methodology was applied to measure the relationship between both terms. The significant differences found were analysed using the global chi‐square (χ2) test, and their sources of variation were investigated by the chi‐square per cell. The results indicate that the vegan group's posts are more related to the categories of recipes, trends, criticism and negative comments about veganism, being more often citing sources when compared to the other group. The results of the plant‐based diet group are more significantly related to the impacts of nutrition, physical activity and consumer health. In conclusion, Twitter® has proved to be an interesting tool for obtaining data on (re) produced food publications on social media and their results can guide the market and the academic environment in creating new products, services and marketing strategies to answer the needs of specific consumers.
Student nurses' bullying, social support and their health status during clinical practicum programmes
Authors: Fang Li , Fang Ching‐Lin , Fang Shu‐Hui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThis study was to explore the student nurses' bullying, social support and their health status during clinical practicum programmes and the predictors of health status among student nurses during clinical practicum programmes.MethodsA cross‐sectional design with structured questionnaires was used, recruiting 200 student nurses in a 5‐year junior college programme in south Taiwan.ResultsThe significant predictors of nursing students' health status during clinical practicum programmes were ‘whether experiencing bullying situations during clinical practicum’ and ‘low social support’.ConclusionIn order to prevent bullying during clinical practicum, encouraging nursing students to report all the clinical practicum bullying incidents, providing counselling to nursing students and arranging clinical practicum bullying prevention courses to students were important. Moreover, providing instructors and nursing staff with teaching, communication and feedback skills might help nursing students prevent bullying incidents during clinical practicum programmes. A longitudinal study design was suggested for the future study in order to assess the cause–effect relationship of the bullying and social support on health among students during clinical practicum
Sex‐based differences in screening and recognition of pre‐diabetes and type 2 diabetes in pediatric primary care
Authors: Vajravelu Mary Ellen , Lee Joyce M. , Amaral Sandra , Kelly Andrea 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundRisk‐based screening for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth with overweight/obesity is recommended, but rates remain low in practice. Identification of factors impacting provider ordering and patient completion of testing may guide strategies to improve screening.ObjectiveTo evaluate predictors of hemoglobin A1c (A1c)‐based T2D screening in pediatric primary care.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 10 to 18 year‐old patients with overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI] Z‐score ≥1.04) followed in a large academic‐affiliated pediatric primary care network, 2009 to 2018. Percentages of patients with ordered and completed A1c were determined, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate independent predictors of screening.Results34 927 (48.0% female; 52.5% with BMI Z‐score ≥1.64) youth followed for a median of 3.0 years were included. 21% (7457) of patients had screening ordered and 14% (4966) completed screening during follow‐up. In multivariable regression, after controlling for race/ethnicity, BMI, family history of diabetes and age, males were significantly less likely to have ordered screening, but were equally or more likely to complete screening if ordered.ConclusionsMale adolescents were less likely to undergo A1c‐based T2D screening due to differential ordering practices. The source of this differential practice should be pursued to avoid under‐recognition of cardiometabolic risk in at‐risk male youth.
Impaired migration in vitro of neutrophils from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Authors: Pedersen Trine L. , Yong Kwee , Pedersen Jens Oluf , Hansen Niels Ebbe , Dano Keld , Plesner Torben 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMigration of neutrophils in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) was studied using two different complement‐free in vitro model systems, subagarose and transendothelial migration. In the subagarose migration assay the mean migration distance of PNH neutrophils was slightly, but significantly, reduced to 1236 μm (range 753‐1586, n = 6) compared to a normal mean of 1476 μm (range 1076‐1768, n = 6, P = 0016). By immunocytochemical staining for the urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) which is a glycosyl‐phosphatidyl‐inositol (GPI) anchored protein expressed by normal, but not by PNH‐affected, neutrophils, it was shown that the uPAR‐positive subpopulation of normal neutrophils predominated among the faster migrating cells (60‐80% normal cells at the front of migration) while uPAR‐negative (i.e. PNH‐affected neutrophils) were more numerous close to the application well (5‐30% normal cells). When migration of neutrophils was tested across a monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured on polycarbonate filters, there was a 3‐4‐fold impairment of the migration of the PNH‐affected neutrophils both in the absence of stimulation and after stimulation with fMLP (P < 0·001 in both cases). After IL‐1 stimulation of the endothelium the impairment was even more pronounced (8‐fold difference, P < 0·001). When the endothelial cells were grown on collagen‐coated filters the impairment of the migration of PNH neutrophils was less pronounced, but still significant after stimulation with fMLP and IL‐1 (2‐fold. P < 0·05 in both cases). These results demonstrate that there is a complement‐independent impairment of migration of neutrophils from patients with PNH which may be related to their failure to express GPI‐linked proteins involved in cell migration and/or adhesion such as the uPA receptor and the CD66b antigen.
The relationship between need for closure and compliance to harsh power tactics in high demanding jobs: A study conducted among firefighters and social workers
Authors: Di Santo Daniela , Tesi Alessio , Aiello Antonio , Pierro Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present research aimed at expanding Pierro, Kruglanski, and Raven’s work examining the interweaving between the need for closure (NFC; the desire to form quick and unambiguous knowledge) and the Interpersonal Power Interaction model. In particular, this study explored the idea that the greater compliance to harsh power tactics of subordinates’ employees, that are high on NFC, can increase when their desire to achieve cognitive closure is made more salient by a high (compared to low) level of perceived job demands. A sample of 280 subordinates employees belonging to two different organizational contexts filled in a self‐report questionnaire. Through a moderation and simple slope analyses, we tested and confirmed our hypothesis. When job demands were high, it potentially impaired the subordinates’ chance to form a quick knowledge. As a result, high NFC subordinates showed a higher compliance with harsh power tactics. Such tactics, limiting the subordinates’ freedom of choice, can be conceived as a means to gain quick knowledge when the organizational context is perceived as particularly demanding. As far as practical implications, these results suggest that for high NFC subordinates the use of more directive and unambiguous guidelines (e.g., harsh power tactics) could minimize the scarcely tolerated cognitive cost associated with high job demands.
CXXC finger protein 4 inhibits the CDK18‐ERK1/2 axis to suppress the immune escape of gastric cancer cells with involvement of ELK1/MIR100HG pathway
Authors: Li Ping , Ge Dongfang , Li Pengfei , Hu Fangyong , Chu Junfeng , Chen Xiaojun , Song Wenbo , Wang Ali , Tian Guangyu , Gu Xiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGastric cancer, is the fourth most common tumour type yet, ranks second in terms of the prevalence of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. CXXC finger protein 4 (CXXC4) has been considered as a novel cancer suppressive factor, including gastric cancer. This study attempted to investigate the possible function of CXXC4 in gastric cancer and the underlying mechanism. The binding of the ETS domain‐containing protein‐1 (ELK1) to the long non‐coding RNA MIR100HG promoter region was identified. Then, their expression patterns in gastric cancer tissues and cells (SGC7901) were detected. A CCK‐8 assay was used to detect SGC7901 cell proliferation. Subsequently, SGC7901 cells were co‐cultured with CD3+ T cells, followed by measurement of CD3+ T cell proliferation, magnitude of IFN‐γ+ T cell population and IFN‐γ secretion. A nude mouse model was subsequently developed for in vivo validation of the in vitro results. Low CXXC4 expression was found in SGC7901 cells. Nuclear entry of ELK1 can be inhibited by suppression of the extent of ELK1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, ELK1 is able to bind the MIR100HG promoter. Overexpression of CXXC4 resulted in weakened binding of ELK1 to the MIR100HG promoter, leading to a reduced proliferative potential of SGC7901 cells, and an increase in IFN‐γ secretion from CD3+ T cells. Moreover, in vivo experiments revealed that CXXC4 inhibited immune escape of gastric cancer cells through the ERK1/2 axis. Inhibition of the CXXC4/ELK1/MIR100HG pathway suppressed the immune escape of gastric cancer cells, highlighting a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
To Ub or not to Ub: Regulation of circadian clocks by ubiquitination and deubiquitination
Authors: Srikanta Shashank Bangalore , Cermakian Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCircadian clocks are internal timing systems that enable organisms to adjust their behavioral and physiological rhythms to the daily changes of their environment. These clocks generate self‐sustained oscillations at the cellular, tissue, and behavioral level. The rhythm‐generating mechanism is based on a gene expression network with a delayed negative feedback loop that causes the transcripts to oscillate with a period of approximately 24 hr. This oscillatory nature of the proteins involved in this network necessitates that they are intrinsically unstable, with a short half‐life. Hence, post‐translational modifications (PTMs) are important to precisely time the presence, absence, and interactions of these proteins at appropriate times of the day. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are counter‐balancing PTMs which play a key role in this regulatory process. In this review, we take a comprehensive look at the roles played by the processes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the clock machinery of the most commonly studied eukaryotic models of the circadian clock: plants, fungi, fruit flies, and mammals. We present the effects exerted by ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes on the stability, but also the activity, localization, and interactions of clock proteins. Overall, these PTMs have key roles in regulating not only the pace of the circadian clocks but also their response to external cues and their control of cellular functions.
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Infiltrative laryngeal disease in dogs
Authors: Dixon A. , Tivers M. S. , Packham L. , Black V. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical features and outcome of neoplastic and inflammatory infiltrative laryngeal disease in dogs.Materials and MethodsMedical records at a single referral centre were retrospectively reviewed for dogs diagnosed with infiltrative laryngeal disease by CT or laryngoscopy.ResultsFifteen dogs were included, with a median age of 6 years (range 1‐14 years). Thirteen dogs were diagnosed with inflammatory disease including granulation tissue (n = 4) and neutrophilic (n = 2), septic neutrophilic (n = 2), eosinophilic (n = 1) lymphocytic/plasmacytic (n = 1) and mixed/unclassified (n = 3) inflammation. One dog was diagnosed with large cell lymphoma and one dog was diagnosed with mast cell tumour. Twelve dogs survived to discharge.Follow‐up was available for 10 dogs diagnosed with inflammatory disease. Four had fully recovered (7, 10, 23 and 32 months) and one dog developed acute leukaemia and was euthanased at 2 months. Five dogs had recurrence of clinical signs at 1, 1, 5, 17 and 26 months. The dog with lymphoma was euthanased at 8 months and the dog with mast cell tumour died at 5 months.Clinical SignificanceIn this cohort, infiltrative inflammatory lesions of the larynx were more common than neoplastic infiltration. For dogs that survived to discharge, outcome was fair although relapse was common.
Sleep of preschoolers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Tang Hui , Jin Qiyun , Wang Guanghai , Yang Zixin , Chen Hongyan , Yan Hongxia , Rao Wenjie , Owens Judith 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has resulted in a significantly large number of psychological consequences, including sleep health. The present study evaluated sleep patterns, sleep disturbances, and associated factors in Chinese preschoolers confined at home during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Caregivers of 1619 preschoolers (aged 4–6 years) recruited from 11 preschools in Zunyi, Guizhou province completed the Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) between 17th and 19th February 2020. Data were compared to a sociodemographically similar sample of preschoolers (included in the 11 preschools) in 2018. Compared to the 2018 sample, the confined preschoolers demonstrated changes in sleep patterns characterized by later bedtimes and wake times, longer nocturnal and shorter nap sleep durations, comparable 24‐hr sleep duration, and fewer caregiver‐reported sleep disturbances. Moreover, behavioural practices (sleeping arrangement, reduced electronic device use, regular diet) and parenting practices (harmonious family atmosphere and increased parent‐child communication) were associated with less sleep disturbances in the confined sample. The present study provides the first description of the impact of prolonged home confinement during the COVID‐19 outbreak on sleep patterns and sleep disturbances in preschoolers, as well as highlighting the importance of the link between sleep health and family factors. Given that disrupted and insufficient sleep has been linked to immune system dysfunction, our findings also have potential implications for resilience to infection in young children during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Future studies should further explore deficient sleep as a risk factor for coronavirus infection.
Significance of cytosolic cathepsin D in Alzheimer's disease pathology: Protective cellular effects of PLGA nanoparticles against β‐amyloid‐toxicity
Authors: Wang Y. , Wu Q. , Anand B. G. , Karthivashan G. , Phukan G. , Yang J. , Thinakaran G. , Westaway D. , Kar S. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundEvidence suggests that amyloid β (Aβ) peptides play an important role in the degeneration of neurons during the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the prevalent cause of dementia affecting the elderly. The endosomal–lysosomal system, which acts as a major site for Aβ metabolism, has been shown to exhibit abnormalities in vulnerable neurons of the AD brain, reflected by enhanced levels/expression of lysosomal enzymes including cathepsin D (CatD). At present, the implication of CatD in selective neuronal vulnerability in AD pathology remains unclear.MethodsWe evaluated the role of CatD in the degeneration of neurons in Aβ‐treated cultures, transgenic AD mouse model (that is 5xFAD) and post mortem AD brain samples.ResultsOur results showed that Aβ1‐42‐induced toxicity in cortical cultured neurons is associated with impaired lysosomal integrity, enhanced levels of carbonylated proteins and tau phosphorylation. The cellular and cytosolic levels/activity of CatD are also elevated in cultured neurons following exposure to Aβ peptide. Additionally, we observed that CatD cellular and subcellular levels/activity are increased in the affected cortex, but not in the unaffected cerebellum, of 5xFAD mice and post mortem AD brains. Interestingly, treatment of cultured neurons with nanoparticles PLGA, which targets lysosomal system, attenuated Aβ toxicity by reducing the levels of carbonylated proteins, tau phosphorylation and the level/distribution/activity of CatD.ConclusionOur study reveals that increased cytosolic level/activity of CatD play an important role in determining neuronal vulnerability in AD. Additionally, native PLGA can protect neurons against Aβ toxicity by restoring lysosomal membrane integrity, thus signifying its implication in attenuating AD.
Conceptions of national identity, turnout and party preference: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Mader Matthias , Pesthy Maria , Schoen Harald 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs globalisation makes national boundaries both permeable and contested, conflicts over national identity and related policy issues are bound to increase the salience of citizens' individual national identitiesand, consequently, increase their impact on political attitudes and behaviour. We study the link between ethnocultural and civic dimensions of national identity and turnout and party preferences. After providing a theoretical discussion that integrates conceptions of national identity into established models of turnout and party preference formation, we explore the merit of accounting for these conceptions of national identity in a case study of Germany. Analysing data from two surveys conducted in the period between 2015 and 2017, we show that acceptance of civic criteria of national identity was positively associated with turnout and partisan support for all German parties besides the AfD. Acceptance of ethnocultural criteria was associated with increased support for (centre‐) right and decreased support for (centre‐) left parties. Some of these patterns differ significantly and in predictable ways between the two data points bracketing the height of the European refugee crisis. These findings suggest that individual conceptions of national identity may be of importance for our understanding turnout decisions and party preferences, but the specific relationships presumably depend on contextual conditions.
Pharmacological management of orofacial pain – a clinician’s guide
Authors: Clark M.V. , Donnell C.C. , Durham J. , Balasubramaniam R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractManaging orofacial pain can be a daunting prospect for the dentally qualified clinician. This article aims to alleviate some of these concerns by providing guidance when pharmacological intervention may be recommended, alongside their dosing regimens and contraindications. The medications discussed include amitriptyline, nortriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin, duloxetine, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, clonazepam, capsaicin, baclofen, lamotrigine, alpha‐lipoic acid, lidocaine hydrochloride and benzydamine hydrochloride. Management of orofacial pain is complex and, hence, often requires the input of specialists in secondary care. While the scope of this guide is aimed chiefly at pharmacological management by secondary care dental prescribers, a holistic approach encompassing all biopsychosocial factors is encouraged. The main take home points have been summarised in a table, aimed for use as a ‘quick reference guide’ during clinic sessions. Other contemporaneous prescribing guides and guidelines should always be used in conjunction with this article as licensing and dosing regimens of medications can be different around the world.