bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prior breast density awareness, knowledge, and communication in a health system–embedded behavioral intervention trial
Authors: Mahorter Siobhan S. , Knerr Sarah , Bowles Erin J. Aiello , Wernli Karen J. , Gao Hongyuan , Schwartz Marc D. , O’Neill Suzanne C. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundBreast density is an important breast cancer risk factor and a focus of recent national and state health policy efforts. This article describes breast density awareness, knowledge, and communication among participants in a health system–embedded trial with clinically elevated breast cancer risk 1 year before state‐mandated density disclosure.MethodsTrial participants' demographics and prior health history were ascertained from electronic health records. The proportions of women reporting prior breast density awareness, knowledge of density's masking effect, and communication with a provider about their own breast density were calculated using baseline interview data collected from 2017 to 2018. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate associations between women's characteristics and density awareness, knowledge, and communication.ResultsAlthough the overwhelming majority of participants had heard of breast density (91%) and were aware of breast density's masking effect (87%), only 60% had ever discussed their breast density with a provider. Annual mammography screening was associated with prior breast density awareness (odds ratio [OR], 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29‐6.81), knowledge (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.20‐6.66), and communication (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.34‐6.16) compared with an infrequent or unknown screening interval. Receipt of breast biopsy was also associated with prior knowledge (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.04‐2.45) and communication (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.85).ConclusionsBreast density awareness and knowledge are high among insured women participating in clinical research, even in the absence of mandated density disclosure. Patient‐provider communication about personal density status is less common, particularly among women with fewer interactions with breast health specialists.
Insulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a robust marker for identifying and grading pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Kim David , Viswanathan Kartik , Goyal Abha , Rao Rema 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) is a diagnostic challenge with limited samples in not only identification but grading. Prior studies have shown insulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1) to be a robust marker in identifying PNETs from other solid pancreatic tumors on resection specimens. In this study, we investigated the utility of INSM1 not only for identifying PNETs but also for grading in cell blocks (CBs) and surgical resections (SRs).MethodsA search for PNET cases between 2000 and 2019 identified 55 samples (26 CBs and 29 SRs) that were further separated into high (2 CBs, 3 SRs), intermediate (4 CBs, 7 SRs), and low (20 CBs, 19 SRs) grades based on their final pathology report and Ki‐67 level. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for INSM1 (C‐8, Santa Cruz Biotechnology [1:100]) was performed and quantified using an H score of 0 to 300. Non‐PNET solid pancreatic tumors were compared and included acinar cell carcinoma, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, and ductal adenocarcinoma.ResultsAll 55 cases of PNET demonstrated nuclear INSM1 staining. The average H scores for INSM1 staining of PNET were 254 and 252 in CB and SR, respectively. The H scores decreased with increasing tumor grade, with low‐grade (G1), intermediate‐grade (G2), and high‐grade (G3) tumors showing average INSM1 H scores of 229 and 253, 266 and 253, and 30 and 33 in both CB and SR, respectively.ConclusionIHC with INSM1 plays a role in identifying and potentially grading PNETs.
Comparison of 2 new real‐time polymerase chain reaction–based urinary markers in the follow‐up of patients with non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Trenti Emanuela , Pycha Stefan , Mian Christine , Schwienbacher Christine , Hanspeter Esther , Kafka Mona , Spedicato Giorgio Alfredo , Vjaters Egils , Degener Stephan , Pycha Armin , D’Elia Carolina 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe objective of the current study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2 new real‐time polymerase chain reaction–based urinary markers with each other and with urinary cytology, cystoscopy, and/or histology in patients being followed for non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer.MethodsA total of 487 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were evaluated using voided urine cytology, the Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor, the Bladder EpiCheck test, and white light cystoscopy.ResultsThe overall sensitivity was 27.17% for cytology, 64.13% for the Bladder EpiCheck test, and 66.3% for the Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor. The overall specificity was 98.82% for cytology, 82.06% for the Bladder EpiCheck test, and 76.47% for the Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor. The negative predictive value was very similar for the 3 tests at 83.56% for cytology, 89.42% for the Bladder EpiCheck test, and 89.35% for the Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor. When combined, the Bladder EpiCheck test and Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor detected overall 79.35% of the tumors: 70.37% in low‐grade and 92.11% in high‐grade tumors.ConclusionsThe Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor and Bladder EpiCheck test were found to perform very well in terms of sensitivity. Together, the 2 tests detected approximately 92.11% of high‐grade tumors. Their specificity was high but could not reach the excellent value of cytology. The negative predictive value was the same for both tests and was higher than that for cytology, especially when the tests were used together (92.24%). These 2 new tests hold promise as urinary biomarkers. They may be used in combination to maximize sensitivity in a less invasive way, thereby reducing invasiveness in the follow‐up of patients with non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and decreasing discomfort for the patients as well as complications and costs.
Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics in a First Generation Photomolecular Motor
Authors: Sardjan Andy S. , Roy Palas , Danowski Wojciech , Bressan Giovanni , Nunes dos Santos Comprido Laura , Browne Wesley R. , Feringa Ben. L. , Meech Stephen R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEfficient photomolecular motors will be critical elements in the design and development of molecular machines. Optimisation of the quantum yield for photoisomerisation requires a detailed understanding of molecular dynamics in the excited electronic state. Here we probe the primary photophysical processes in the archetypal first generation photomolecular motor, with sub‐50 fs time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. A bimodal relaxation is observed with a 100 fs relaxation of the Franck‐Condon state to populate a red‐shifted state with a reduced transition moment, which then undergoes multi‐exponential decay on a picosecond timescale. Oscillations due to the excitation of vibrational coherences in the S1 state are seen to survive the ultrafast structural relaxation. The picosecond relaxation reveals a strong solvent friction effect which is thus ascribed to torsion about the C−C axle. This behaviour is contrasted with second generation photomolecular motors; the principal differences are explained by the existence of a barrier on the excited state surface in the case of the first‐generation motors which is absent in the second generation. These results will help to provide a basis for designing more efficient molecular motors in the future.
Activity and subsequent depression levels: a causal analysis of behavioural activation group treatment with weekly assessments over 8 weeks
Authors: Hoyer Jürgen , Hoefler Michael , Wuellhorst Verena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch on behavioural activation (BA) for depression assumes that increasing the rate of rewarding activities leads to reduced depressive mood. Although the efficacy of BA treatment has been convincingly demonstrated, assumptions referring to the mechanisms underlying this effect have not been tested decisively yet. The Behavioural Activation Scale for Depression and the Beck Depression Inventory II were administered over 8 weeks in 161 reliably diagnosed patients with unipolar depression who underwent BA treatment in groups. Time‐lagged associations between behavioural activity on depression at subsequent assessment (1 week later) and vice versa were modelled (a) with multilevel models and (b) dynamic panel models that eliminate shared constant factors and allow for reverse causation (e.g., depression affecting subsequent activation in the model for activation on depression). Both activation and depression changed significantly (model‐based within effect sizes for activation = .70 and for depression = −.75). Higher activation and lower depression predict each other over time (mixed‐effects, time‐lagged model), but this association disappears in dynamic causal models. Change patterns were only analysed within a time frame of 1 week; smaller time intervals were not investigated. There were no objective observational data of activity patterns. In the present study, increased behavioural activity and reduced depressive mood co‐occur on the week scale. They predict each other across time, but this may be due to shared causes only.
Hydrothermal Liquefaction of α‐O‐4 Aryl Ether Linkages in Lignin
Authors: Lui Matthew Y. , Chan Bun , Yuen Alexander K. L. , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBy using lignin model compounds with relevant key characteristic structural features, the reaction pathways of α‐O‐4 aryl ether linkages under hydrothermal conditions are elucidated. Experimental results and computational modeling suggest that the α‐O‐4 linkages in lignin undergo catalyzed hydrolysis and elimination to give phenolic and alkenylbenzene derivatives as major products in subcritical water. The decreased relative permittivity of water at these high temperatures and pressures facilitates the elimination reactions. The alkyl group on the α‐carbon and the methoxy groups on the phenyl rings both have positive effects on the rate of conversion of α‐O‐4 linkages in native lignin.
Digital FPGA implementation of spontaneous astrocyte signalling
Authors: Haghiri Saeed , Ahmadi Arash 
Published: January 2020

SummaryAstrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). These non‐neuronal cells are able to regulate the neurons activity in the different parts of brain tissue by calcium waves generation in its internal space. Moreover, astrocytes interact with neurons and modulate the spiking activity of them. In this paper, a set of piecewise linear estimations of a three‐dimensional spontaneous astrocyte model are presented for digital FPGA realization. This leads to achieve a high‐speed and low‐cost system in large‐scale implementation. In this approach, the three‐dimensional original model is converted to a two‐dimensional one and the hardware overhead have been reduced, significantly due to eliminating the large number of multiplications in the original astrocyte model. Simulation results in MATLAB demonstrate that our method can mimic the original calcium waves in high degree of similarity. To validate our method in case of hardware, the proposed model has been tested and simulated in Modelsim software and also implemented on Spartan3 XC3S50 (TQ144) FPGA board. Hardware realization results show that the proposed model has high similarity by the simulation outputs. Consequently, this reduced‐model of astrocyte can be used in large‐scale networks because of its low‐cost hardware and high‐speed system.
Joint low‐complexity equalization and CFO estimation and compensation for UWA‐OFDM communication systems
Authors: Ramadan Khaled , Ramadan Khalil F. , Fiky Ahmed S. , Alam Hasna , Dessouky Moawad I. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryFrequency synchronization has a great importance in preserving the performance of the underwater acoustic (UWA) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation can be blind or data‐aided. In this paper, the Zadoff‐Chu (ZC) sequences are used for OFDM synchronization in UWA communications, and they are compared with different data‐aided algorithms. We propose a low‐complexity algorithm for CFO estimation based on ZC sequences. Also, a joint equalization and CFO compensation scheme for UWA‐OFDM communication systems is presented. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CFO estimation algorithm allows estimation of the CFO accurately with a simple implementation in comparison with the traditional schemes. Also, the performance of the UWA‐OFDM system can be preserved in the presence of frequency offsets.
A comprehensive and systematic review of the network virtualization techniques in the IoT
Authors: Ramakrishnan Jayabrabu , Shabbir Muhammad Salman , Kassim Normalini Md , Nguyen Phong Thanh , Mavaluru Dinesh 
Published: January 2020

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) as one of the last technology in the network domain is an environment of associated physical objects that are reachable through the Internet. Virtualization as the primary technology of IoT has a significant role in its popularization. The visualization strategies have a great impact on the IoT, but, as far as we know, there is not a comprehensive and systematic study in this field. Also, there is no systematic and complete way to discuss and analyze the related strategies. Henceforth, a systematic survey of virtualization techniques is presented in this paper. Different parameters based on the examination of the prevailing methods are considered in three main categorizations. Furthermore, the benefits and weaknesses connected with selected techniques have been discussed, and the significant issues of these techniques are addressed to improve the more efficient virtualization technique for the future.
M‐RPSS: A modified RPSS for path scheduling of mobile sink in wireless sensor network
Authors: Kundaliya Brijesh , Hadia Sarman K. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn wireless sensor networks (WSNs), data gathering is the main concern, since it directly affects the network lifetime and data latency. Rendezvous Point Selection Scheme (RPSS) is a mobile sink node approach; it offers superior performance than its preceding mobile sink schemes like Rendezvous Design for Variable Track (RD‐VT), RD‐VT with Steiner Minimum Tree (RD‐VT‐SMT), and Weight Rendezvous Planning with Steiner Minimum Tree (WRP‐SMT). However, a more uniform distribution of the rendezvous node leads to less energy consumption in WSNs. The more optimum path offers less data latency. In the proposed approach, we use particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find the optimum rendezvous point and adaptive PSO (APSO) to find an optimum path by solving the travelling salesman problem. By rigorous simulation, we prove that modified RPSS (M‐RPSS) increases the network lifetime by more than 10% and decreases the data latency.
Neuroendocrine carcinomas: Cytological mimics and diagnostic dilemmas
Authors: Gupta Saumya , Gupta Parikshaa , Rohilla Manish , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Rajwanshi Arvind , Saikia Uma N. , Dey Pranab 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) are rare tumours with multiple morphologic mimics. The cytologist may miss these cases if not aware.Aims and ObjectsWe focused upon the clinical presentation, cytological features and problems in the diagnosis of NEC.Materials and MethodsWe studied the detailed cytomorphology of 19 cases of NEC (histopathology proved).ResultsOf these 19 cases of NEC, 15 cases constituted fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens, one transbronchial needle aspiration specimen, two pleural fluid specimens and a single biliary brushing specimen. All of the FNA specimens were from extra‐pulmonary sites (namely, breast, pancreas, liver and three lymph node FNAs). Eight of the 19 cases (42.1%) showed a significant disparity between cytological and histopathology diagnoses. The break‐up of discordant diagnoses are of adenocarcinoma (three cases), Ewing's sarcoma (one case), infiltrating ductal carcinoma (one case), lymphoma (one case), and squamous cell carcinoma (two cases). The cytology of NECs predominantly showed discrete, round to oval cells with a moderate amount of cytoplasm. The nuclei were pleomorphic, having prominent nucleoli. Occasional cases showed characteristic salt and pepper chromatin and were correctly diagnosed as a neuroendocrine group of tumours.ConclusionThe accurate diagnosis of NEC depends on clinical correlation, meticulous screening for any obvious neuroendocrine features and cell block morphology. Immunohistochemistry is essential for ruling out of tumours of neuroendocrine origin. A Ki67 index is mandatory for grading of all neuroendocrine tumours.
Early lesion of the reticular thalamic nucleus disrupts the structure and function of the mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex
Authors: El Boukhari Hasna , Ouhaz Zakaria , Ba‐M'hamed Saadia , Bennis Mohamed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), part of the thalamus, is a thin GABAergic cell layer adjacent to the relay nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. It receives input from the cortex and other thalamic nuclei and provides major inhibitory input to each thalamic nucleus, particularly the mediodorsal nucleus (MD). As the MD is important for supporting optimal cortico–thalamo–cortical interactions during brain maturation, we hypothesized that that early damage to the TRN will cause major disturbances to the development and the functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the MD. Rat pups at P4 were randomized in three groups: electrolytic lesion of TRN, TRN‐sham‐lesion group, and the classical control group. Seven weeks later, all rats were tested with several behavioral and cognitive paradigms, and then perfused for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Results showed that TRN lesion rats exhibited reduced spontaneous activity, high level of anxiety, learning and recognition memory impairments. Besides the behavioral effects observed after early TRN lesions, our study showed significant cytoarchitectural and functional changes in the cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral and prelimbic subdivisions of the PFC, as well as in the MD. The assessment of the basal levels of neuronal activity revealed a significant reduction of the basal expression of C‐Fos levels in the PFC. These experiments, which are the first to highlight the effects of early TRN lesions, provided evidence that early damage of the anterior part of the TRN leads to alterations that may control the development of the thalamocortical–corticothalamic pathways.
Preliminary examination of insulin and amylin levels in women with purging disorder
Authors: Maske Calyn B. , Williams Diana L. , Keel Pamela K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis preliminary study explored whether differences in meal‐stimulated insulin or amylin release are linked to altered ingestive behaviors in individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) or purging disorder (PD).MethodWomen with BN (n = 15), PD (n = 16), or no eating disorder (n = 18) underwent structured clinical interviews and assessments of gut hormone and subjective responses to a fixed test meal. Multilevel model analyses were used to explore whether gut hormone responses contribute to subjective responses to the test meal and whether these associations differed by group.ResultsInsulin and amylin levels significantly increased following the test meal. Women with PD showed greater insulin release compared to those with BN, but not controls. Multilevel models support significant group X insulin interactions predicting subjective ratings of nausea and urge to vomit, with a stronger association between higher insulin responses and higher nausea and urge to vomit in women with PD and BN. Amylin responses did not differ by group.ConclusionIncreased sensitivity to the effects of insulin on nausea and urge to vomit may be linked to purging in both PD and BN. Differences in postprandial insulin levels may be linked to purging behavior in the absence versus presence of binge eating.
Disturbance macroecology: a comparative study of community structure metrics in a high‐severity disturbance regime
Authors: Newman Erica A. , Wilber Mark Q. , Kopper Karen E. , Moritz Max A. , Falk Donald A. , McKenzie Don , Harte John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMacroecological studies have established widespread patterns of species diversity and abundance in ecosystems but have generally restricted their scope to relatively steady‐state systems. As a result, how macroecological metrics are expected to scale in ecosystems that experience natural disturbance regimes is unknown. We examine macroecological patterns in a fire‐dependent forest of Bishop pine (Pinus muricata). We target two different‐aged stands in a stand‐replacing fire regime: a mature stand with a diverse understory and with no history of major disturbance for at least 40 yr, and one disturbed by a stand‐replacing fire 17 yr prior to measurement. We compare properties of these stands with macroecological predictions from the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE), an information entropy‐based theory that has proven highly successful in predicting macroecological metrics in multiple ecosystems and taxa. Ecological patterns in the mature stand more closely matchMETEpredictions than do data from the more recently disturbed, mid‐seral stage stand. This suggestsMETE's predictions are more robust in late‐successional, slowly changing, or steady‐state systems than those in rapid flux with respect to species composition, abundances, and organisms’ sizes. Our findings highlight the need for a macroecological theory that incorporates natural disturbance, perturbations, and ecological dynamics into its predictive capabilities, because most natural systems are not in a steady state.