bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetic neuropathy: A focus on small fibres
Authors: Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is diagnosed too late, which contrasts with our approach for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, where incipient disease is detected early enabling timely treatment. The 10‐g monofilament and a foot exam are the commonly used methods for screening diabetic neuropathy, but this primarily identifies moderate to severe diabetic neuropathy. Small fibres are damaged early and are associated with the development of painful diabetic neuropathy, foot ulceration, and Charcot foot. Tests of small fibre damage include thermal thresholds, microneurography, evoked potentials, sudomotor function, laser Doppler flare, skin biopsy, and corneal confocal microscopy. Measures of small fibre damage and repair may be key to the assessment of efficacy in clinical trials of disease modifying therapies for diabetic neuropathy.
Isotopomics by isotope ratio monitoring by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry on cutting agents in heroin: A new approach for illicit drugs trafficking route elucidation
Authors: Joubert Valentin , Trébuchet Matéo , Mikic Mariana , Silvestre Virginie , Schiphorst Anne‐Marie , Loquet Denis , Stemmelen Anaïs , Ladroue Virginie , Besacier Fabrice , Akoka Serge , Remaud Gérald S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the battle against the illicit drugs market, methodologies have been developed by forensic laboratories to address the determination of the origin and dismantlement of the trafficking route for various target molecules such as heroin and cocaine. These drug profiling methods are not straightforward, especially when the target molecules are synthetic and very pure, resulting in poorly informative impurity profiles, e.g. new psychoactive substances and cutting agents. A tool based on the determination of intramolecular isotopic profiles has been developed to provide origin discrimination with a new way to profile seized cutting agents and heroin samples. Whereas stable isotope analyses by mass spectrometry give the bulk isotopic composition, nuclear magnetic resonance gives direct access to the position‐specific isotope content at natural abundance. This report shows how both 13C NMR spectrometry and 13C, 15N MS might provide complementary and valuable information to link seized caffeine and paracetamol to their origin. Here, isotopic ratio monitoring by 13C NMR (irm‐13C NMR) offers additional benefits over irm‐MS in its capability to determine a detailed isotopic profile, leading to a better method to distinguish different caffeine and paracetamol batches.
The hunt for red tides: Deep learning algorithm forecasts shellfish toxicity at site scales in coastal Maine
Authors: Grasso Isabella , Archer Stephen D. , Burnell Craig , Tupper Benjamin , Rauschenberg Carlton , Kanwit Kohl , Record Nicholas R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFarmed and wild harvest shellfish industries are increasingly important components of coastal economies globally. Disruptions caused by harmful algal blooms (HABs), colloquially known as red tides, are likely to worsen with increasing aquaculture production, environmental pressures of coastal development, and climate change, necessitating improvedHABforecasts at finer spatial and temporal resolution. We leveraged a dataset of chemical analytical toxin measurements in coastal Maine to demonstrate a new machine learning approach for high‐resolution forecasting of paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation. The forecast used a deep learning neural network to provide weekly site‐specific forecasts of toxicity levels. The algorithm was trained on images constructed from a chemical fingerprint at each site composed of a series of toxic compound measurements. Under various forecasting configurations, the forecast had high accuracy, generally >95%, and successfully predicted the onset and end of nearly all closure‐level toxic events at the site scale at a one‐week forecast time. Tests of forecast range indicated a decline in accuracy at a three‐week forecast time. Results indicate that combining chemical analytical measurements with new machine learning tools is a promising way to provide reliable forecasts at the spatial and temporal scales useful for management and industry.
Remotely sensed rivers in the Anthropocene: state of the art and prospects
Authors: Piégay Hervé , Arnaud Fanny , Belletti Barbara , Bertrand Mélanie , Bizzi Simone , Carbonneau Patrice , Dufour Simon , Liébault Frédéric , Ruiz‐Villanueva Virginia , Slater Louise 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe rivers of the world are undergoing accelerated change in the Anthropocene, and need to be managed at much broader spatial and temporal scales than before. Fluvial remote sensing now offers a technical and methodological framework that can be deployed to monitor the processes at work and to assess the trajectories of rivers in the Anthropocene. In this paper, we review research investigating past, present and future fluvial corridor conditions and processes using remote sensing and we consider emerging challenges facing fluvial and riparian research. We introduce a suite of remote sensing methods designed to diagnose river changes at reach to regional scales. We then focus on identification of channel patterns and acting processes from satellite, airborne or ground acquisitions. These techniques range from grain scales to landform scales, and from real time scales to inter‐annual scales. We discuss how remote sensing data can now be coupled to catchment scale models that simulate sediment transfer within connected river networks. We also consider future opportunities in terms of datasets and other resources which are likely to impact river management and monitoring at the global scale. We conclude with a summary of challenges and prospects for remotely sensed rivers in the Anthropocene. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A network covert timing channel detection method based on threshold secret sharing
Authors: Xie Jinpu , Chen Yonghong , Wang Linfan , Wang Zhe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNetwork covert timing channel (NCTC) is a kind of covert channel that acquires strong concealment by modifying the interpacket delays of legitimate network traffic and can evade detection by conventional network security mechanisms such as firewalls. Existing detection schemes are not able to detect multiple types of covert channels. Moreover, the robustness of the detection method is low when the network environment changes. Therefore, detecting NCTC is a challenging task. In this paper, an NCTC detection method based on threshold secret sharing is proposed. The new approach utilizes the principle of threshold secret sharing to tolerate the loss or the destruction of partial subsecrets, improves the robustness of the detection method, and solves the problem that the current detection method cannot resist environment changes. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme in this paper has strong robustness to a changing network environment such as when network jitter, packet loss, and packet injection occur in the network transmission process. The approach can detect varieties of NCTCs with a guaranteed true positive rate and greatly improve the versatility and robustness.
A comprehensive study on managing strategies in the fog environments
Authors: Wang Aiqun , Yan Panpan , Batiha Khaldoun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough cloud computing application is rising, some unanswered problems still exist because of its inner issues like untrustworthy inactivity, the absence of movement backing, and place awareness. Therefore, fog computing has appeared as a hopeful infrastructure to supply flexible resources at the edge of the network. Fog supplies processing, data, storing, and application amenities to ultimate operators. The management strategies have a great impact on fog computing, such as monitoring and optimizing, the correlated components for improving the performance, availability, security, and any fundamental operational requirement. However, as far as we know, no organized study exists about analyzing their importance in fog environments. This paper provides a detailed survey for covering the current state‐of‐the‐art in fog management. This paper classifies the management strategies into three main categories: data management, energy, and resource. We also presented a few prospects and problems like the suggestions for the upcoming studies in the associated methods requiring to be investigated in fog computing. Moreover, a new paradigm has been ensured by increasing fog functionality and resource consumption. In general, fog management strategies in computing environments still need improvements in the variety of its setting to convert to an on‐request method, decrease the associated overhead, and improve the performance. Therefore, proper management can maintain the least resource consumption, which will finish the extra decrease in energy usage. Therefore, we contribute to provide strong suggestions for future fog computing studies. This paper can handle the pace of publications and propose the outcomes of study and practice as an upcoming route for decision makers in healthcare. In principle, the increase of researchers, scientists and managers' awareness level would increase the managers' good and knowingly behavioral conduct on managing fog environments.
Component features, odor‐active volatiles, and acute oral toxicity of novel white‐colored truffle Tuber japonicum native to Japan
Authors: Shimokawa Tomoko , Kinoshita Akihiko , Kusumoto Norihisa , Nakano Shota , Nakamura Noritaka , Yamanaka Takashi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractComponent analysis of a novel white‐colored truffle native to Japan, Tuber japonicum, was performed to determine its characteristic features. The analysis of odor‐active volatile compound showed a high contribution of 1‐octen‐3‐ol and 3‐methyl‐2,4‐dithiapentane to the odor of T. japonicum. Although 2,4‐dithiapentane is a key odorant of well‐known white truffle T. magnatum, 3‐methyl‐2,4‐dithiapentane was detected from the ripe T. japonicum. The chemical components of T. japonicum showed no clear difference with those of edible truffles T. magnatum and T. melanosporum. It was rich in crude protein, crude fiber, and minerals (especially potassium), and low in crude fat. Glutamine and glutamic acid were detected in T. japonicum as free amino acids, while T. magnatum contained a large amount of alanine. Acute oral toxicity tests showed no abnormality, with an LD50 value of over 2000 mg/kg under the test conditions. The present study may support future market distribution of T. japonicum as a high‐class foodstuff.
MicroRNAs and exosomes: Small molecules with big actions in multiple myeloma pathogenesis
Authors: Pourhanifeh Mohammad H. , Mahjoubin‐Tehran Maryam , Shafiee Alimohammad , Hajighadimi Sarah , Moradizarmehri Sanaz , Mirzaei Hamed , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM), an incurable hematologic malignancy of plasma cells increasing in the bone marrow (BM), has a complex microenvironment made to support proliferation, survival, and drug resistance of tumor cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short non‐coding RNAs regulating genes expression at posttranscriptional level, have been indicated to be functionally deregulated or abnormally expressed in MM cells. Moreover, by means of miRNAs, tumor microenvironment also modulates the function of MM cells. Consistently, it has been demonstrated that miRNA levels regulation impairs their interaction with the microenvironment of BM as well as create considerable antitumor feature even capable of overcoming the protective BM milieu. Communication between cancer stromal cells and cancer cells is a key factor in tumor progression. Finding out this interaction is important to develop effective approaches that reverse bone diseases. Exosomes, nano‐vehicles having crucial roles in cell‐to‐cell communication, through targeting their cargos (i.e., miRNAs, mRNAs, DNAs, and proteins), are implicated in MM pathogenesis.
Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of some novel N,O,S heterocyclic compounds pendant to 3‐methyl‐5‐cyano‐6‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)pyrimidine and other related fused pyrimidines
Authors: Gouhar Rasha S. , Kamel Mohsen M. , Soliman Ahmed A.F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe key starting compound 5‐cyano‐6‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐thiouracil (1) was synthesized and allowed to undergo electrophilic substitution with methyl iodide to give the corresponding 6‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐4‐oxo‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐pyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile (2). Nucleophilic substitution on compound 2 with hydrazine hydrate led to the corresponding 2‐hyrazinopyrimidone intermediate 3. Compound 3 underwent several substitution and cyclization reactions with β‐ketoester, β‐ketone, alkyl halides, arylisothiocyanate, or aromatic aldehydes followed by cyclization reactions to give the corresponding N,O,S heterocyclic compounds incorporated into pyrimidine moiety and/or the related S‐triazino[3,4‐b]pyrimidine derivatives 4‐18. Anticancer evaluation of some representative examples of newly synthesized compounds was carried out against MCF‐7, HCT116 cell lines. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed significant activity.
Mismatch repair status predicts survival after adjuvant treatment in stage II colon cancer patients
Authors: Gkekas I. , Novotny J. , Fabian P. , Nemecek R. , Palmqvist R. , Strigård K. , John S. , Pecen L. , Reginacova K. , Gunnarsson U. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStage II colon cancer is primarily a surgical disease. Only a still not well‐defined subset of patients may benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The relationship between adjuvant chemotherapy and survival after relapse is furthermore still not definitely explored in this group of patients. A number of reports suggest some association between defective mismatch repair (dMMR) and colorectal cancer stage II prognosis, but due to contradictory results from existing studies, the exact predictive role is still not fully understood.MethodsRetrospective multicenter study including 451 stage II colon cancer patients. The proficiency or deficiency of mismatch repair was tested using immunohistochemistry and analyzed in relationship to two survival outcomes: overall survival (OS) and postrelapse survival.ResultsPatients with dMMR (20.4%) derived no OS benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47‐2.38; P = .897). Patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) tumors receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had the significantly better OS in comparison to those not receiving chemotherapy (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35‐0.82; P = .004). This relationship remained significant in multivariable analysis (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22‐0.78; P = .007). Patients with pMMR relapsing after adjuvant treatment lived significantly longer than those relapsing without previous adjuvant treatment (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32‐0.96; P = .033) and this result remained significant in the multivariable model (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26‐0.93; P = .030).ConclusionIn stage II CC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy improves therapeutic outcomes only in patients with pMMR tumors. Survival after relapse in patients having received adjuvant chemotherapy is significantly longer for patients with pMMR. No survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy was seen among patients with dMMR tumors.
In‐situ preparation of porous monolithic polymer inside hollow fiber as a micro‐solid phase extraction device for glucocorticoids in cosmetics
Authors: Wei Aixia , Muhammad Turghun , Aihebaier Sailemayi , Muhammad Imran , Wu Beibei , Ge Jing , Ayupbek Amatjan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlucocorticoids have a certain whitening effect on the skin. However, frequent and long‐term use of cosmetics including glucocorticoids is harmful to health. Herein, we proposed a novel micro‐solid phase extraction method for the detection of prednisolone acetate, prednisone, and prednisolone in cosmetics coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography. In this method, porous monolithic polymer micro‐extraction bars were prepared by “one‐step, one‐pot” in situ photopolymerization combined with sacrificial support in hollow fiber under water atmosphere. The crucial factors such as pH of sample solution, extraction, and elution times that influence micro‐extraction were optimized and found to be 9.0, 2 h, and 32 min, respectively. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range of the calibration curves were from 5.0 to 2000 µg/L with correlation coefficients (R2) between 0.9922 and 0.9996. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 1.5 µg/L and 5.0 µg/L, respectively, and the recoveries were found to be in range of 69.0–113.3%. The analysis of precision for intraday and interday were less than 10.40 and 10.59%. The device has been successfully achieved photopolymerization under water atmosphere. The results indicated that this method is simple, accurate, and satisfactory for the pretreatment and determination of glucocorticoids in complex cosmetics samples.
Increased frequency of FBN1 frameshift and nonsense mutations in Marfan syndrome patients with aortic dissection
Authors: Xu Shijun , Li Lei , Fu Yuwei , Wang Xin , Sun Hairui , Wang Jianbin , Han Lu , Wu Zining , Liu Yongmin , Zhu Junming , Sun Lizhong , Lan Feng , He Yihua , Zhang Hongjia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMarfan syndrome (MFS) is an inherited connective tissue disease that mainly involves Fibrillin‐1 (FBN1) mutations and aortic manifestations. In this study, we investigated the correlations between the FBN1 genotype–phenotype and aortic events (aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm) in patients with Marfan syndrome.MethodsGenotype and phenotype information was evaluated in 180 patients with MFS. DNA sequencing was performed on each patient. According to the clinical manifestation, these patients were split into two groups: the aortic dissection group and the aortic aneurysm group. Aortic wall tissue was obtained from Marfan patients who underwent surgery and was used for staining.ResultsA total of 180 patients with FBN1 mutations were grouped into four categories: 90 with missense mutations, 32 with splicing mutations, 29 with frameshift mutations, and 29 with nonsense mutations. There was a significantly higher frequency of frameshift and nonsense mutations observed in aortic dissection than in aortic aneurysm (25.58% vs. 4.35%, p = .005; 25.58% vs. 8.70%, p = .033, respectively;), while missense mutations showed a higher frequency in aortic aneurysm than in aortic dissection (69.57% vs. 32.56%, respectively; p < .001) and a higher rate of lens dislocation (34.78% vs. 13.95%, respectively; p = .008). Pathological staining showed that elastic fibers were sparser in patients with a frameshift and nonsense mutations, and the smooth muscle cells were sparser and more disorganized than those observed in patients with missense mutations.ConclusionThis study showed that FBN1 gene frameshift and nonsense mutations are more common in patients with aortic dissection and may have meaningful guidance for the treatment of Marfan syndrome patients.
MUBD‐DecoyMaker 2.0: A Python GUI Application to Generate Maximal Unbiased Benchmarking Data Sets for Virtual Drug Screening
Authors: Xia Jie , Li Shan , Ding Yu , Wu Song , Wang Xiang Simon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLigand enrichment assessment based on benchmarking data sets has become a necessity for the rational selection of the best‐suited approach for prospective data mining of drug‐like molecules. Up to now, a variety of benchmarking data sets had been generated and frequently used. Among them, MUBD‐HDACs from our prior research efforts was regarded as one of five state‐of‐the‐art benchmarks in 2017 by Frontiers in Pharmacology. This benchmarking set was generated by one of our unique de‐biasing algorithms. It also rendered quite a few other cases of successful applications in recent years, thus is expected to have more impact in modern drug discovery. To make our algorithm amenable to more users, we developed a Python GUI application called MUBD‐DecoyMaker 2.0. Moreover, it has two new additional functional modules, i. e. “Detect 2D Bias” and “Quality Control”. This new GUI version had been proved to be easy to use while generate benchmarking data sets of the same quality. MUBD‐DecoyMaker 2.0 is freely available at https://github.com/jwxia2014/MUBD‐DecoyMaker2.0, along with its manual and testcase.
Coupling analysis of multiple linear antennas fed by coaxial lines on electronic system with a time domain hybrid method
Authors: Ye Zhihong , Ru Mengzu , Shi Yanchao , Wu Xiaolin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to the shielding structures of electronic system and coaxial lines feeding the antennas are complex, full‐wave algorithms applied for the coupling analysis of multiple linear antennas on electronic system excited by ambient wave should occupy amount of memories by meshing the structures of coaxial lines and electronic system in fine grid, which may affect the computation efficiency. This paper presents a time domain hybrid method, which consisting of thin wire finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) method, transmission line (TL) equations, higher order FDTD scheme, and an auto mesh generator technique. In this method, the thin wire FDTD combined with the auto mesh generator technique is utilized to mesh the shielding structure of electronic system rapidly and obtain the current responses on the conductor columns of linear antennas, which are extracted equivalent current sources for the further coupling analysis of coaxial lines. And then the TL equations are adopted to build the coupling models of coaxial lines, and solved by the higher order FDTD scheme to compute the transient responses on the coaxial lines and terminal loads of the lines. This method has one significant feature is that it can avoid modeling the structures of linear antennas and coaxial lines directly. The accuracy of this method has been verified by comparing with the simulation software Computer Simulation Technology (CST) via the coupling simulations of one and three linear antennas on electronic system excited by ambient plane wave.
Realization of real‐time OFDM‐based visible light communication using an InGaN/GaN multiquantum‐wells LED
Authors: Tao Zhiyuan , Guan Xiaojun , Wei Zhengjun , Liu Ningyang , Liu Yian , Xu Yiqin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a real‐time OFDM‐based visible light communication (VLC) system utilizing a single InGaN/GaN multiquantum‐wells (MQWs) light emitting diode (LED). An MQWs LED with 3 dB electrical bandwidth of 23.8 MHz is developed as the transmitting device. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is employed to ensure the LED bandwidth is fully used, and the system is designed and implemented on a field‐programmable gate array platform to realize real‐time communication. The real‐time OFDM‐VLC system achieves a rate of 96 Mbit/s at the distance of 2 m, and the bit error ratio (BER) is 2.25 × 10−3, which is below the forward error correction (FEC) limit.