bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efeitos de rizobactérias na promoção de crescimento e controle de fitopatógenos em sementes de paricá
Authors: Pereira Leanne Teles , Andrade Kele Sousa Pires , Nunes Sheila Elke Araújo , Belfort Márcia Guelma Santos , Oliveira Fabiana dos Santos , Nascimento Ivaneide de Oliveira 
Published: October 2020

O paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) é considerado uma espécie de grande potencial para produção madeireira, pelo seu rápido crescimento, excelente adaptabilidade e pela qualidade da madeira. Porém, pouco se conhece a respeito do seu desenvolvimento utilizando rizobactérias na fase de mudas oriundas de sementes. Diante disso, objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle de patógenos em sementes de paricá e a promoção de crescimento induzidas por rizobactérias. Deste modo, utilizou-se dois isolados de rizobactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas, Pseudomonas sp. e Burkholderia sp..O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Microbiologia e Saúde e em casa de vegetação da Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos testados foram: sementes não microbiolizada (T1); sementes microbiolizadas com Pseudomonas sp. (T2); sementes microbiolizadas com Burkholderia sp. (T3); sementes microbiolizadas com Pseudomonas sp. e Burkholderia sp. (T4). Para o teste de sanidade de sementes foram usadas 400 sementes para análise de fitopatógenos, enquanto que para o teste in vitro foram usadas 200 sementes submetidas a microbiolização com as rizobactérias. Em casa de vegetação foram utilizadas 200 sementes, e as amostras foram analisadas quanto a germinação com 10, 20 e 30 dias, altura de plantas, comprimento radicular, diâmetro basal, biomassa fresca da parte aérea e da raiz e biomassa seca da parte aérea e da raiz com 30 dias. Foram identificadas as espécies fúngicas: Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, A. glaucus, A. niger, e Trichoderma sp. O tratamento T4 apresentou eficiência na redução total da incidência fúngica nas sementes de paricá. Foram constatadas correlações positivas entre o parâmetro controle de fitopatógenos em sementes de paricá e uso de rizobactérias, conquanto em casa de vegetação a inoculação de rizobactérias não promoveu significativamente o crescimento das plântulas.
Construire des mobilisations face aux restructurations d’entreprises : une comparaison du pouvoir syndical local en France et au Canada
Authors: Dupuis Mathieu 
Published: October 2020

Les restructurations d’entreprises sont des réalités socio-économiques importantes depuis au moins trois décennies. À la suite de la crise de 2008-2009, ces tendances, loin de se résorber, se sont accélérées et ont poussé les représentants des salariés à investir de nouveaux champs d’action stratégiques pour contester, avaliser ou influencer les restructurations. Ces mobilisations syndicales ne sont pas sans faire apparaître de contradictions dans les fonctions représentatives des salariés.
Cet article propose d’analyser ces stratégies et leurs résultats à travers une comparaison internationale de quatre syndicats locaux dans deux contextes nationaux différents (France et Canada). Sa thèse principale est que ces stratégies se doivent d’être analysées au-delà des contextes institutionnels propres et selon la notion de pouvoir syndical « de », c’est-à-dire des capacités associées aux acteurs sociaux. Trois registres d’action sont identifiés, à savoir « d’opposition », « de coopération » et « d’inventivité ».
L’apport de cet article est, à la fois, de souligner l’importance du pouvoir syndical, mais de l’interroger dans la durée, les stratégies d’urgence à la suite d’annonces de restructurations prenant des directions diverses. Bien que cette analyse diachronique relativise la centralité du pouvoir syndical, celui-ci demeure capital à l’heure où les régimes institutionnels subissent d’importantes transformations.
Mapping Wage Theft in the Informal Economy: Employment Standards Violations in Residential Construction and Renovations
Authors: Buckley Michelle 
Published: October 2020

This article explores the experiences of informal construction and home renovation workers with payment-related violations of employment standards. Such violations, often broadly referred to as ‘wage theft,’ can comprise an array of practices including, but not limited to, withholding workers’ wages for long periods of time, paying workers below the minimum wage, extracting illegal deductions from workers’ paycheques, and outright not paying the wages due.Drawing on twenty-two in-depth interviews with foreign-born men employed informally in residential construction and home renovations in Toronto, Ontario, the first half of the article documents the specific forms of wage theft that workers experienced in these sectors where flat daily rates and piece rates are common, but written contracts are not. I also explore the individuated and extra-legal strategies that workers adopted in trying to recoup stolen wages. In general, they framed their sustained efforts to persuade employers to adhere to the law as a form of employment standards enforcement running parallel to the tactics of state enforcement.In the second half of the article, I examine the accessibility of the more formal legal channels that exist to assist workers in recouping lost wages—specifically, claims filed through the Ontario Labour Relations Board. Through a review of recent case law on Board adjudication of employment standards complaints about wages owing to informally-employed, non-citizen workers, I highlight the document burden that informal workers in this sector must bear in order to file a robust claim with the state.Drawing on scholarship that has shown how employment standards violations are pervasive in the more sub-contractual and informal tiers of the construction industry, I pinpoint multiple interlocking conditions in informal construction and home renovations that not only increase the likelihood of wage theft for workers in these sectors, but also disproportionately burden them with the responsibility of enforcing the law or proving their employer’s non-compliance. In so doing, I show how this group of workers shoulders the responsibilities of either the state or their employer in recouping lost wages.
Projecting Grid Compression to Reduce Gender Salary Gaps
Authors: Brown Laura K. , Troutt Elizabeth 
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the effects of grid compression on gender-based salary gaps. In this case, the workplace setting is a large Canadian research university previously found to have both a positionally segregated cohort of academic staff and a persistent gender-based differential in their salaries. The annual salary grids at this institution underwent seemingly subtle compressions over the course of two decades, with within-rank compression largely confined to the first decade and across-rank compression confined to the second decade.
We employ a simulation methodology to check whether the two types of compression reduce the salary gap to varying degrees. After deflating staff salaries back to the start of each decade, we project the salaries forward using the historical annual increases and grids in place in each year at the university. We compute the gap present in the salary distribution at the start and end of each decade in the simulation, and check whether the gap decreased more across one decade than the other.
We find that across-rank compression of the institution’s salary grid during the second decade narrows the salary gap to a greater extent than the within-rank compression of the earlier decade. Our work demonstrates that employers using stated salary grids could use simulation to monitor the equity effects of their pay policies and shows that they could accelerate the closure of gaps through consciously altering relationships among pay levels at different points in the grid’s hierarchy.
From Industrial to Social Campaigns: Lay Morality, General Elections and Australia’s Trade Union Federation
Authors: Caspersz Donella , Barratt Tom 
Published: October 2020

This article considers the potential for union revitalization through campaigning in general elections. It first charts changes in unions’ campaigns in general elections, moving beyond a focus on industrial relations issues towards issues of social significance, such as health and education. Second, by reconceptualizing this activity using lay morality, unions may enhance their ability to increase their power and legitimacy. Thus, by acting in this way, unions can broaden the bases for their legitimacy and build new opportunities for their renewal.However, this approach may not lead to revitalizing their density, but may open the opportunity for their renewal because this approach consolidates their legitimacy to a broader constituency. We suggest that when unions act in this way, they become agents of social utility who champion the interests of a wider constituency. We argue that, given the dynamics of changes to work and the ways in which workers now work, this provides one route for unions to tap into these multiple subjectivities of workers and remain relevant.This article combines an analysis of over 1000 media articles that cover four periods of campaigns by peak unions in Australian elections between the years 2007-2016, with original interviews with key informants and an analysis of electoral survey results for each election to provide the discussion. These three methods triangulate to establish the shift in unions’ campaign focus and to suggest that this is a potential path to revitalization.
L’aménagement du pluralisme syndical en droit du travail québécois : quel équilibre entre efficacité et participation des salariés ?
Authors: Bilodeau Pier-Luc 
Published: October 2020

En marge du modèle dominant de monopole de l’association majoritaire dans les rapports collectifs du travail, le pluralisme syndical s’est exprimé de longue date au Québec et nécessite un aménagement normatif approprié.
Le présent article vise à identifier les enjeux d’un tel aménagement à partir d’une étude comparative de trois cas, soit : 1- la participation des associations accréditées aux comités d’équité salariale; 2- le traitement des plaintes relatives au maintien de l’équité salariale dans des entreprises où plus d’une association accréditée représente des salariés; et, 3- la participation des associations syndicales à la négociation des conventions collectives sectorielles de l’industrie québécoise de la construction.
L’analyse des solutions retenues par le législateur dans ces trois cas permet de mettre au jour une tension entre efficacité et participation des salariés, ainsi que de discuter des conséquences de celles-ci pour la démocratie au travail.
Effects of changes in isotopic baselines on the evaluation of food web structure using isotopic functional indices
Authors: Belle Simon , Cabana Gilbert 
Published: October 2020

Background
This study aimed to assess whether ecological inferences from isotopic functional indices (IFIs) are impacted by changes in isotopic baselines in aquatic food webs. We used sudden CO2-outgassing and associated shifts in DIC-δ13C brought by waterfalls as an excellent natural experimental set-up to quantify impacts of changes in algal isotopic baselines on ecological inferences from IFIs.

Methods
Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopic ratios of invertebrate communities sharing similar structure were measured at above- and below-waterfall sampling sites from five rivers and streams in Southern Quebec (Canada). For each sampled invertebrate community, the six Laymans IFIs were then calculated in the δ -space (δ13C vs. δ15N).

Results
As expected, isotopic functional richness indices, measuring the overall extent of community trophic space, were strongly sensitive to changes in isotopic baselines unlike other IFIs. Indeed, other IFIs were calculated based on the distribution of species within δ-space and were not strongly impacted by changes in the vertical or horizontal distribution of specimens in the δ-space. Our results highlighted that IFIs exhibited different sensitivities to changes in isotopic baselines, leading to potential misinterpretations of IFIs in river studies where isotopic baselines generally show high temporal and spatial variabilities. The identification of isotopic baselines and their associated variability, and the use of independent trophic tracers to identify the actual energy pathways through food webs must be a prerequisite to IFIs-based studies to strengthen the reliability of ecological inferences of food web structural properties.
Availability of Instructional Materials on Students’ Academic Performance in Senior Secondary Schools in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State
Authors: Ali Mustapha , Kura Aminu Baba , Abdu Sherifat Bello , Aliyu Dauda 
Published: October 2020

This study examined the availability of instructional materials and students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools, Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. Two (2) objectives and a null hypothesis were used to determine the availability of instructional materials and students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools in Borno state. Survey and Correlational design were used. The total population of the study was 1,236 teachers and 10,349 students out of which 371 teachers and 3,105 students were sampled through simple random sampling. SSCE results for five consecutive years of the 2014-2018 academic sessions were obtained for the study. Checklist and Pro-forma were used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient, frequency and percentage at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed a significant relationship between availability of instructional materials and students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools in Maiduguri Metropolis. The study also found that the instructional materials for teaching and learning are available. Based on the findings, it was recommended that government and other stakeholders should continue to support schools in the state with the necessary instructional materials needed for teaching and learning and School administration should emphasize the use of instructional materials to make learning easier.
Econometric Study of the Impact of Public and Private Investment on Economic Growth in Algeria during the Period (1970-2017)
Authors: Abdallah Hadjoudj , Faouzi TchiKo 
Published: October 2020

This article examines the impact of public and private investment on economic growth in Algeria covering the period from 1970 to 2017. By applying the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL)-(bounds testing approach).
The key findings of the study concluded that there is a long-run relationship between public and private investment and economic growth in Algeria.
The result of the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test (ADF) showed that the variables are stationary at the level and at the first difference. In addition, the results of the cointegration test indicated that the variables are cointegrated and therefore have the ability to move together over the long term.
The parsimonious error correction mechanism showed that private investment is significantly related to economic growth. The result indicated that a 1 percent increase in the present value of private investment, on average, stimulates economic growth by 0.09 percent. Similarly, the value of public investment is positively related to economic growth. On average, a 1 percent increase in public investment stimulates growth in Algeria by 0.05 percent.
the results of short-run dynamics reveal that, the error correction term (ECM) is negative and significant (-0.54), which means that 54% of the disequilibrium will be adjusted annually.
Physicochemical Evaluation of the Oil Extracted from Anacardium occidentale Almonds for Energy Use
Authors: Pélagie Yete , Alexis Togbe F. C. , Franck Yovo , Fidèle Suanon , Cosme Kouwanou Sagbo , Valentin Wotto D. , Dominique Sohounhloue 
Published: October 2020

The present study aimed at exploring the potential of producing biofuels from unconventional vegetable oils extracted from Anacardium occidentale kernels. Accordingly, oils were extracted from Anacardium occidentale kernels and subjected to physical and chemical characterization namely: density; lower calorific value (PCI); quality indexes; fatty acid profile, viscosity using French and ISO standards.
Results revealed that Anacardium occidentale almonds have a lipidic potential of 52.54%, the transesterification reaction yield was 78.28%. As for the quality indices of the vegetable oil: acidity (˃1%); saponification index (205.29 mg KOH/g-oil); peroxide value (8.08 meq O2/kg-oil) and iodine value (108.84 mg iodine/g-oil) were considerably reduced for biodiesel. The vegetable oil was unsaturated type with the predominance of oleic acid (43.86%). The fuel characteristics of the oil obtained were: acidity (2.89%), density at 40°C (0.796 g/cm3) cetane number (41.47). The raw extracted oil is not usable as fuel for engine due to its very high viscosity ranging 30.69 mm2/s. As a consequence, a prior chemical treatment is necessary to reduce the viscosity.
Our results provided an insight on the energetic potential of the investigated oil, with respect to its use as a source for biodiesel in replacement of the current conventional diesel fuel.
Enhancing the Properties of Water Hyacinth Biomass Briquettes by Mercerization Process
Authors: Moki Elinge Cosmos , Oyibo Micah Chibuike , Yauri A. U. Birnin , Rapheal Ige Ayodeji , Yahaya Yakubu , Ogunleye A. O. 
Published: October 2020

Water hyacinth is an aquatic plant that has a great reproductive potential. The propagation of water hyacinth in most water bodies have decimated the livelihoods of many and reduced the water quality, among other negative effects. Converting this invasive water hyacinth into briquettes will serve as a good measure for controlling its proliferation, and also as a strong strategy for the development of sustainable alternative energy sources. This study explored water hyacinth briquettes as alternative to the local wood fuels through mercerization process to enhance the qualities of a biomass briquette and encourage its use as a renewable energy source of fuel. The aim was to evaluate the combustion performance of treated water hyacinth (TWH) and water hyacinth (WH). After sample collection, preparation and treatment, the briquettes were produced using 20 g of starch prepared into slurry blended with 80 g of the sample to produce the briquettes. The proximate characteristics, physical properties, combustion properties, the morphologies and structural changes in the briquettes were determined. The results obtained showed that both samples have good energy potentials. The outcome indicates that the alkaline treatment removed the hemicelluloses in the biomass and in turn reduced the moisture content of the briquettes. Consequently, the physical and combustibility properties of the briquettes got improved. The calorific value also improved from (30.58 MJ/Kg) in WH to (34.22 MJ/Kg) in TWH, The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a rough surface which enhanced bonding of the sample particles while the FTIR showed a structural change in the OH groups which indicates that the hemicelluloses have been removed.
A Novel Approach to Enhance Bone Regeneration by Controlling the Polarity of GaN/AlGaN Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Chenguang , Wang Wenliang , Hao Xiaodong , Peng Yong , Zheng Yulin , Liu Jia , Kang Yiyuan , Zhao Fujian , Luo Zhengtang , Guo Junjie , Xu Bingshe , Shao Longquan , Li Guoqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRapid and effective bone regeneration is still a major challenge in the clinical treatment of various bone diseases. Although recently developed electroactive materials have demonstrated high bone regeneration potential, the instability of the electrical stimulation and the unclear effects of the charge polarity on osteogenic differentiation hinder their clinical applications. In this work, GaN/AlGaN materials with well‐controlled polarity are used for the first time to induce endogenous electric stimulation and facilitate bone regeneration. By controlling the direction and magnitude of the piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization in the functional layer (GaN), charged GaN/AlGaN surfaces of opposite polarity, whose zeta potentials are within the range of the physiological potential, are obtained. Compared with N‐polarity GaN/AlGaN (with a positively charged surface), Ga‐polarity GaN/AlGaN (with a negatively charged surface) nanofilms show rapid and superior bone repair in vivo. In addition, the Ga‐polarity GaN/AlGaN hetero‐structures significantly promote the attachment, spreading, recruitment, and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Moreover, the bone morphogenetic protein‐6 (BMP6) expression profile in the early stages of osteogenic differentiation reveals that BMP6 may be an electrically sensitive osteogenic protein. This work sheds light on the application of III‐nitride materials in bone regeneration.
Methyl Radical Initiated Kharasch and Related Reactions
Authors: Tappin Nicholas D. C. , Renaud Philippe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn improved procedure to run halogen atom and related chalcogen group transfer radical additions is reported. The procedure relies on the thermal decomposition of di‐tert‐butylhyponitrite (DTBHN), a safer alternative to the explosive diacetyl peroxide, to produce highly reactive methyl radicals that can initiate the chain process. This mode of initiation generates byproducts that are either gaseous (N2) or volatile (acetone and methyl halide) thereby facilitating greatly product purification by either flash column chromatography or distillation. In addition, remarkably simple and mild reaction conditions (refluxing EtOAc during 30 minutes under normal atmosphere) and a low excess of the radical precursor reagent (2 equivalents) make this protocol particularly attractive for preparative synthetic applications. This initiation procedure has been demonstrated with a broad scope since it works efficiently to add a range of electrophilic radicals generated from iodides, bromides, selenides and xanthates over a range of unactivated terminal alkenes. A diverse set of radical trap substrates exemplifies a broad functional group tolerance. Finally, di‐tert‐butyl peroxyoxalate (DTBPO) is also demonstrated as alternative source of tert‐butoxyl radicals to initiate these reactions under identical conditions which gives gaseous by‐products (CO2).magnified image
Jet‐Printing Microfluidic Devices on Demand
Authors: Soitu Cristian , Stovall‐Kurtz Nicholas , Deroy Cyril , Castrejón‐Pita Alfonso A. , Cook Peter R. , Walsh Edmond J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is an unmet demand for microfluidics in biomedicine. This paper describes contactless fabrication of microfluidic circuits on standard Petri dishes using just a dispensing needle, syringe pump, three‐way traverse, cell‐culture media, and an immiscible fluorocarbon (FC40). A submerged microjet of FC40 is projected through FC40 and media onto the bottom of a dish, where it washes media away to leave liquid fluorocarbon walls pinned to the substrate by interfacial forces. Such fluid walls can be built into almost any imaginable 2D circuit in minutes, which is exploited to clone cells in a way that beats the Poisson limit, subculture adherent cells, and feed arrays of cells continuously for a week. This general method should have wide application in biomedicine.