bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF MANIFESTATIONS OF GIARDIA AND ASCARIS INFESTATIONS BETWEEN BOTH GENDERS PRESENTING WITH DIARRHEA
Authors: Jehanzeb Kanwal , Haq Zia Ul , Khattak Saeed Zaman , Shah Sajid Ali , Lodhi Munir Akmal , Ashraf Nadeem 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To assess the occurrence and intensity of Giardia and Ascaris infestations in children of both genders reporting with diarrhea.
Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Paediatrics department, Combined Military Hospital, Gilgit, from Jul 2016 to Jul2018.
Methodology: Patients of either gender with worm infestation were included in the study. Patients more than13 years old were excluded. The sampling technique used was non probability consecutive sampling. The stoolexamination (R/E) for the diagnosis of worm infestation was done. Stratification was done with regards to age,mother education, gender, type of water used and post stratification chi square test was applied. p-value was0.613 when calculated for the manifestation between both genders. p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Total number of patients in our study was 100. Among them, males were 65 (65%) and females were 35(35%). Mean age of patients in our study was 4.20 ± 2.61 years (Mean ± SD). Abdominal pain being most common symptom in 43 (43%) of patients. Majority of the patients were from 2 to 10 years of age, 79 (79%). Helminthic infestation was the most common observed in 52 (52%) whereas Protozoal infestation was observed in 48 (48%) patients. The most common parasite isolated was Giardia 41 (41%) followed by Ascaris 36 (36%). p-value of 0.613 was found between both gender.
Conclusion: In our study Helminthic infestation was more common. The most common parasite isolated wasGiardia followed by Ascaris.
EFFECT OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM ON THEIR MOTHER’S QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Waheed Ayesha , Khan Mussarat Jabeen , Khurshid Maryam 
Published: December 2020

Object: The aim of the present study was to assess effect of behavioral problems of children with Autism on their mother’s quality of life.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study design
Place and Duration of Study: The sample was selected from different special education institutes of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Duration of study was from March 2017 to September 2017.
Participants and Methods: The Study was conducted on 100 participants (N=100, n= 50 mothers, n=50 diagnosed children with Autism). Convenient and snowball sampling technique was used to collect data. Two questionnaires were administered to assess Quality of life (WHO Quality of life scale -BREF) and behavior problems of children with Autism (Childhood Autism Rating Scale-CARS).
Results: Results showed that quality of life of mothers has a significant negative relationship with their children’s autism related behavioral problems. Quality of life was found high in postgraduate mothers, while autism related behavioral problems were less in children with postgraduate mothers. Mothers living in joint family scored high on quality of, whereas child with Autism belonging to joint family system had fewer behavioral problems. Quality of life among working mothers was found high and children of working mothers exhibited less autism related behavioral problems than children of non-working mothers.
Conclusion: Present study highlighted the importance of behavioral problems of children with Autism on their mother’s quality of life. The study would be helpful for the professionals for devising educational programs for mothers and treatment plans for their children with Autism.
Keywords: Quality of life, Autism, behavioral problems
ASSOCIATION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN WITH PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION
Authors: Chatha Nayab Afzal , Jaffery Humaira Osman , Qamar Saima , Mustafa Nilofar , Kamran Rizwana , Ashraf Viqar 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine the positive predictive value of beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin in early secondtrimester for predicting pregnancy induced hypertension.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Combined Military Hospital, Lahore,from Jun 2017 to Nov 2017.
Methodology: A total of 214 female pregnant patients met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Patients withbeta human chorionic gonadotrophin (βHcg) levels ≥2 MoM were followed at 22, 26, 30 and 34 weeks of gestation. Blood pressure was monitored. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was labelled after 20 weeks (as per dating scan) of gestation in patients who did not have proteinuria (≥300 mg 24 hour urine sample) and had a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg (blood pressure readings taken at two separate points in time four hours apart).
Results: Patients ranged between 18-35 years of age, with the mean age being 27.3 ± 4.3 years. Mean gestational age was observed to be 15.6 ± 1.8 weeks. Mean BMI was 23.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2. Out of 214 patients, 30 patients (14%) had beta human chorionic gonadotrophin level >2 MoM. Out of these 30 patients, 25 patients (83.3%) developed PIH. There were 100 primigravida (46.7%) and 114 multigravidas (53.3%). Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin in predicting pregnancy induced hypertension showed sensi-tivity of 96.1%, a specificity of 97.3%, with a PPV83.3%, a NPV 99.4% and diagnostic accuracy of 97.2%.
ROLE OF COMBINED KETOCONAZOLE AND TAMSULOSIN IN SUCCESSFUL TRIAL OF VOIDING WITHOUT CATHETER (TWOC) IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE URINARY RETENTION DUE TO BENIGN PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Ahmed Syed Farhan , Ali Muhammad Sajid , Memon Imran , Memon Waqas , Rashid Muhammad , Abbas Kiran , Ahmed Moiz 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare the frequency of patients with successful Trial of voiding without catheter (TWOC) after acute urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients taking ketoconazole and tamsulosin vs tamsulosin alone.
Study Design: A randomized controlled trial.
Place and Duration: The current study was conducted at Urology Ward, Liaquat National Hospital, Pakistan for a period of six months.
Methodology: A total of 162 patients presenting with acute urinary retention were divided into two groups. Group A received tamsulosin 0.4mg OD and ketoconazole 200mg while Group B received tamsulosin and placebo. Trial of voiding without a catheter was induced after one week of medication. SPSS version 20 was used for data compilation and analysis.
Results: In Group-A, 85.2% of patients were able to void as compared to group B, where only 74.1% of patients were able to void (p<0.05). Successful trial of voiding without catheter was observed in 79.0% and 60.5% in patients of Group-A and Group-B respectively. The association of successful TWOC with the two study groups was found significant (p=0.010).
Conclusion: TWOC in men catheterized for AUR due to BPH was significantly more successful if treated in a combination of ketoconazole and tamsulosin as compared to tamsulosin only.
COMPARISON OF POST PLACENTAL INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE INSERTION BETWEEN VAGINAL DELIVERY AND CAESAREAN SECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Tasneem Saira , Kashif Sanum , Pervaiz Erum , Azam Faisal 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare the acceptability of insertion of post placental intra uterine contraceptive device, withrespect to gravidity between vaginal deliveries and caesarean sections.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Frontier Corp Hospital, Quetta, from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020.
Methodology: A total of 399 females with age of 18 to 45 years with gravidity (primi, multi and grand multigravida) were counselled during antenatal visits about benefits and risks of post placental intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) insertion. For complications, females were assessed at 1 and 6 weeks after delivery.
Results: A total of 399 females with mean age 27.95 ± 5.07 years were included in study. About 235 (55.9%)women delivered vaginally and 164 (41.4%) women by caesarean section. Acceptance rate was 3.8% and 4.3% for vaginal and caesarean deliveries respectively. Eleven (73.3%) women were grand multi gravida and 4 women(26.6%) were multi gravid in vaginal delivery acceptance group versus 8 women (47%) grand multi and 9 women (52.9%) multi gravida in caesarean acceptance group. Five (15%) females presented with complications (3 with abdominal pain and 1 each with infection and expulsion).
Conclusion: The overall acceptance rate of PPIUCD was low in this study, the acceptance rate was higher inwomen undergoing normal vaginal delivery (NVD) as compared to lower segment caesarean section (LSCS),similarly more of the grand multiparas accepted the method as compared to other participants however thedifferences were not statistically significant.
RETROSPECTIVE DATA REVIEW TO FIND THE ASSOCIATION OF LUMBOSACRAL TRANSITIONAL VERTEBRA AND DEGENERATIVE DISC DISEASE IN YOUNG PATIENTS
Authors: Gul Nadia , Mehmood Khalid , Ikram Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To find out the frequency of lumbar disc degeneration among the patients having lumbosacraltransitional vertebra between 20-40 years.
Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Radiology department POF Wah Cantt, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Six Hundred patients between 20-40 years having lumbosacral transitional vertebra and historyof low back pain >1 year were studied. X ray and MRI lumbar spine of these patients was studied retrospectivelyon PACS. Two hundred patients having history of traumatic or other non-traumatic etiologies, in addition toLumbosacral transitional vertebra were excluded. Four hundred patients with only lumbosacral transitionalvertebra were included. Data analysis was done by SPSS-22. Castellvi types of transitional vertebra was calculated among patients with degenerative lumbar disc.
Results: One hundred and four (26.6%) were having degenerative disc disease while 296 (74.4%) patients werenot having degenerative disc disease. Patients having degenerative disc disease were between 24-40 years withthe mean age 29.96 ± 0.417 years. Among the patients having degenerative disc disease were 59 women and45 males but no statistical significance association was found between gender and degenerative disc disease with p-value = 0.55. Castellvi type III had significant association with degenerative disc disease, p-value = 0.006.
Conclusion: Age related disc degeneration is commonly seen in middle age people but in younger age group in2nd and 3rd decade it is observed frequently in those patients having lumbosacral transitional vertebra especially in the setting of no other associated traumatic or non-traumatic etiology, which leads to early degenerative disc disease.
SHORT TERM EFFECT OF HEMODIALYSIS ON PERIPAPILLARY RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER AND MACULAR THICKNESS
Authors: Jabbar Bushra , Islam Qamar Ul , Hanif Muhammad Kashif , Yasin Ubaidullah , Farooq Omer , Fatima Saman 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine the thicknesses of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macula by fourier-domain (FD)optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diabetic patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) undergoinghemodialysis.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship, Shifa Karachi, from Jan 2019 to Jul 2019
Methodology: Fifty four patients presenting to nephrology department who met the inclusion criteria wereincluded in the study. Macular and retinal nerve fibre layer thicknesses were compared pre and post 30 minutesof hemodialysis and their correlation (r=-0.89) with age, duration of hemodialysis and gender was examined. Pre hemodialysis temporal, inferior, average retinal nerve fibre layer thicknesses were observed thinner than Post hemodialysis.
Results: Pre-hemodialysis macular thicknesses were thinner than post hemodialysis. Thinning of Macular andRNFL showed a negative relationship with age and duration of hemodialysis (r=-0.89 & -0.76). Temporal, superior quadrants and average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness values were found statistically different in pre and post 30 minutes hemodialysis examination (p-value = 0.002, 0.001 & 0.0021) while, nasal and inferior quadrants were found statistically insignificant. Whereas in macula, temporal and superior quadrants were found statistically significant (p-value=0.005 & 0.002) and nasal, Inferior and average thickness were found statistically insignificant (p-value = 0.0641, 0.0594 & 0.083).
Conclusion: Macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses of patients receiving hemodialysis were lessthan the normal population. Age has no effect on these thinning. The duration of hemodialysis effects more than gender. Hemodialysis session causes a consistent.............
PAIN RELIEF WITH PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN FOLLOWERS VERSUS NON FOLLOWERS
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Ijaz Sadia , Memon Munawer Latif , Balouch Varda , Rao Sajid Ejaz 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare mean pain scores among knee osteoarthritis patients following or not followingpreventive measures.
Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the department of orthopedics, Pakistan OrdinanceFactory (POF) Hospital, Wah Cantt, from Jun 2018 to May 2019.
Methodology: Patients were divided into two groups (using random number table); group A was given painrelief medications only while group B was given a combination of pain relief medication and preventive measure. Patients were followed for 3 and 6 months after the intervention. Data was analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: Total 52 knee osteoarthritis patients were included in study (26 patients in each group). Mean age ofpatients was 54.3 ± 6.4 year. Significantly lower pain scores were found in group B as compared to group A after3 (5.50 ± 0.98 vs 4.84 ± 1.00 respectively, p=0.02) and 6 months (3.53 ± 0.50 vs 4.96 ± 1.11 respectively, p<0.01) ofintervention. Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores were significantly lower in group B as compared togroup A (p<0.05) after 6 months.
Conclusion: Pain is most common knee osteoarthritis symptom. Combination of pain relief medicines andpreventive measures in daily life are more effective in controlling pain intensity as compared to pain reliefmedications only. Early diagnosis and management can improve disease prognosis.
CORRELATION OF IMPACTED MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR WITH INCIDENCE OF IPSILATERAL ANGLE AND CONDYLAR FRACTURES IN MANDIBULAR TRAUMA
Authors: Abidi Syed Yasir Ali , Babar Adnan , Niazi Kaleem Ullah , Khan Ali Akhtar , Maryam Atiqa , Rasheed Nazish 
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study aims to evaluate association of impacted lower third molars with incidence of ipsilateral mandibular angle and condylar fractures.
Study design: Observational study.
Place of study: Maxillofacial Surgery Department Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry
Materials and methods: Patients reporting to armed forces institute of dentistry maxillofacial surgery department OPD were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs and symptoms and radiological examinations were categorized as Mandibular Angle and Condylar fractures and impacted lower third molars. A total number of 234 radiographs of patients were examined.
Duration of study: 01 year from 01 January 2019 to 31st December 2019.
Results:
Out of total sample size of 234 patients, 70% (79 patients) Mandibular angle fractures occurred with patients with impacted lower third molars (112 patients) and 65% (80 patients) mandibular condylar fractures occurred with patients without impacted lower third molars (122 patients). Statistically significant P-value was 0.000 that is <0.05 that signifies positive correlation of impacted mandibular third molars to cause ipsilateral mandibular angle fractures and indirectly preventing condylar fractures.
Conclusion: Patients that do not have impacted lower third molars are more prone to suffer Condylar fractures in case of mandibular trauma which is associated with more postoperative risks and morbidity as compared to mandibular angle fractures that occur more commonly in patients with impacted lower third molars. As mandibular fractures are common, practice for prophylactic removal of lower third molars should be discontinued.
Keywords: Mandibular Condylar fracture, Mandibular Angle fracture, Impacted mandibular third molars
IMPACT OF A SINGLE TUTORIAL SESSION ON THE TECHNIQUE OF USING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT BY HEALTH CARE WORKERS
Authors: Khan Jamal Azfar , Ali Asif , Muneer Farzana 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine the impact of a single tutorial session on the technique of donning and doffing the personal protective equipment by health care workers.
Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: CMH Landi Kotal Cantt, from 1st March 2020 to 10th June 2020.
Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on 62 health workers, working in CMH Landi Kotal Cantt. They were asked to demonstrate donning and doffing surgical masks, gowns and gloves and the steps were evaluated as per a standardized checklist. Then, the participants were given a single tutorial of the donning and doffing technique of personal protective equipment. They were asked to demonstrate their technique of personal protective equipment use one week, one month and three months after the tutorial. Any improvement was recorded in the checklist used earlier.
Results: The correct donning and doffing technique of personal protective equipment were demonstrated by 22 and 14 participants respectively before the tutorial. When evaluated one week after the tutorial, this number increased to 48 and 38 respectively, showing significant improvement (p<0.05). The technique of personal protective equipment use deteriorated significantly one month of the tutorial and deteriorated further after three months (p<0.05). The most common fault while donning and doffing the equipment was the incorrect donning sequence, and self-contamination while taking off the gloves, respectively.
Conclusion: A single tutorial session results in significant improvement in the technique of using personal protective equipment by health care workers but the effect is lost over time.
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND CHEST X-RAY FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION OF CHEST X-RAY IN MANAGEMENT AND PREDICTION OF CLINICAL OUTCOME OF CONFIRM CASES OF COVID-19
Authors: Hassan Khawaja Muhammad Baqir , Hassan Tathir Baqir , Sarwar Shakil , Sheen Irfan Najam , Islam Farrukh , Bukhari Syed Aown Raza Shah , Shoaib Muhammad Shahbaz 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To study clinical symptoms and chest X-ray findings for evaluation of chest X-ray in management ofconfirmed cases of COVID-19 and predicting the clinical outcome.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The departments of Radiology & Medicine of Combined Military Hospital Malir,from Mar to May 2020.
Methodology: The sample used in this study consists of 73 patients. All the standard frontal projections of chest X-ray of PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients were studied on computer and findings were noted
Results: At the aggregate, the study indicates that there is no Significant Connection in between the clinicalsymptoms, their severity and chest X-ray findings.
Conclusion: There is no significant connection found between the severity of clinical symptoms and chest X-rays suggesting that chest X-Ray cannot be a reliable indicator to predict the clinical outcome of the patient and has limited role in management of patient. Clinical assessment is still the main stay of the patient management.
MILK AGGRAVATES ASTHMA – THE TRUTH OR THE PERCEPTION
Authors: Khan Muhammad Khalid Azam , Naz Shazia , Khattak Abdul Latif , Kashif Nauman , Bukhari Syed Karamat Hussain Shah , Khan Asif Ullah 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To assess the notion that milk can cause or aggravate asthma and break this myth.
Study Design: A cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Medicine department, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Jan 2019 to Dec2020.
Methodology: A survey was conducted whereby known asthmatics were questioned about their opinion weather milk aggravates their asthma. Those who confirmed their positive response were exposed to milk and some liquid resembling milk, and their Lung functions were tested after each drink. The 42 patients who considered milk as the primary aggravator were called for the study for spirometry
Results: A total of 600 people from the general population were surveyed. Two hundred and six (34.3%) of them were illiterate, 394 (65.6%) were educated from middle to graduates. In the first milk/milk encounter, the combined dyspnea scale showed increase of 50.3% and improvement of 0.008% in FEVI/FVC. In the second substitute/milk encounter, the dyspnea score showed an increase of 61.8% and an increase of 0.90% in FEVI/FVC. In the third milk/substitute encounter the dyspnea score showed a decrease of 22.9% and the FEVI/FVC decreases by 5.5%. In the 4th substitute/substitute encounter, dyspnea scores decreased by 8.4% while the pre and postencounter FEVI/ FVC scores were 2726 and 2711 with 0.55% decrease with insignificant p-value >0.05.
Conclusion: Drinking milk or milk substitute has negligible effect on the spirometric parameters.
THE CORRELATION OF SYMPTOMS AND OBJECTIVE WHEEZE IN ASTHMATICS
Authors: Khattak Abdul Latif , Khan Muhammad Khalid Azam , Naz Shazia , Kashif Nauman , Shah Syed Karamat Hussain , Ibrahim Muhammad Tahir 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine the correlation between symptoms and objective wheeze in asthmatics.
Study Design: A cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Medicine department, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Jul to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Two hundred patients of asthma were selected reporting in Medicine department, CMH Lahore.Patients were interviewed regarding their primary chest symptom and it was correlated with the clinical examination for wheeze to find which particular symptom correlated most with the presence of wheeze. The 130 symptomatic cases were subjected to spirometry to assess their lung functions tests.
Results: Two hundreds patients of asthma were interviewed of whom 130 patients were symptomatic. Out of 130 patients, 59 (45.3%) complained of difficulty in breathing, 40 (30.7%) complained of shortness of breath, 20 (15.3%) had wheezing, 7 (5.3%) had cough and 4 (3%) had chest pain. Eighty five (65.3%) patients when examined had wheeze. The distribution of objective wheezing in the above cases were 100% for wheezing patient, 66.1% for Difficulty in breathing, 57.5% for shortness of breath 28.5% for cough and 25% for chest pain. The FEV1/FVC ratio was lowest for wheezing patients at 0.55 and highest for cough at 0.70.
Conclusion: Difficulty in breathing was the commonest symptom in symptomatic asthmatics being presentin 66.1% of patients. The symptom which correlated best with the presence of wheeze was wheezy chest anddifficulty in breathing and was also associated with lowest FEV1/FVC ratio.