bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart and neural crest derivative 2‐induced preservation of sympathetic neurons attenuates sarcopenia with aging
Authors: Rodrigues Anna Carolina Zaia , Wang Zhong‐Min , Messi María Laura , Bonilla Henry Jacob , Liu Liang , Freeman Willard M. , Delbono Osvaldo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, or age‐dependent decline in muscle force and power, impairs mobility, increasing the risk of falls, institutionalization, co‐morbidity, and premature death. The discovery of adrenoceptors, which mediate the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) neurotransmitter norepinephrine on specific tissues, sparked the development of sympathomimetics that have profound influence on skeletal muscle mass. However, chronic administration has serious side effects that preclude their use for muscle‐wasting conditions. Interventions that can adjust neurotransmitter release to changing physiological demands depend on understanding how the SNS affects neuromuscular transmission, muscle motor innervation, and muscle mass.MethodsWe examined age‐dependent expression of theheart and neural crest derivative 2(Hand2), a critical transcription factor for SN maintenance, and we tested the possibility that inducing its expression exclusively in sympathetic neurons (SN) will prevent (i) motor denervation, (ii) impaired neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission, and (iii) loss of muscle mass and function in old mice. To test this hypothesis, we delivered a viral vector carrying Hand2 expression or an empty vector exclusively in SNs by vein injection in 16‐month‐old C57BL/6 mice that were sacrificed 6 months later. Techniques include RNA‐sequencing, real‐time PCR, genomic DNA methylation, viral vector construct, tissue immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, confocal microscopy, electrophysiology, andin vivomouse physical performance.ResultsHand2 expression declines throughout life, but inducing its expression increased (i) the number and size of SNs, (ii) muscle sympathetic innervation, (iii) muscle weight and force and whole‐body strength, (iv) myofiber size but not muscle fibre‐type composition, (v) NMJ transmission and nerve‐evoked muscle force, and (vi) motor innervation in old mice. Additionally, the SN controls a set of genes to reduce inflammation and to promote transcription factor activity, cell signalling, and synapse in the skeletal muscle. Hand2 DNA methylation may contribute, at least partially, to gene silencing.ConclusionsSelective expression of Hand2 in the mouse SNs from middle age through old age increases muscle mass and force by (i) regulating skeletal muscle sympathetic and motor innervation; (ii) improving acetylcholine receptor stability and NMJ transmission; (iii) preventing inflammation and myofibrillar protein degradation; (iv) increasing autophagy; and (v) probably enhancing protein synthesis.
Resonant Raman scattering of anthracene‐based carbons in the secondary carbonization stage
Authors: Maslova Olga Aleksandrovna , Ammar Mohamed‐Ramzi , Fantini Cristiano , Barannikova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Pimenta Marcos Assunção 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Raman spectra of graphene‐based matter exhibit a set of defect/disorder‐induced bands. The D band, which exhibits a strong dispersion up to ~50 cm−1/eV, comes from transverse optical phonons around K or K′ in the first Brillouin zone and involves an intervalley double resonance (DR) Raman process. In the present work, resonant Raman scattering (lines ranging from 1.58 to 3.81 eV) is used to study the unusual behavior of the one‐phonon Raman band of a carbonaceous material (anthracene‐based carbon which is one of the graphitizable carbons) upon its secondary carbonization stage (450°C–1000°C). While the G band appears to be nondispersive, the D band exhibits a change in both position and intensity. Its dispersion progressively rises from ~6 cm−1/eV to values close to what is usually observed in defected graphene‐based systems when anthracene‐based carbon becomes almost pure. This evolution appears to be correlated with a release of hydrogen (fixed on the edges of polyaromatic layers) questioning their role in changing the D band resonance conditions.
Adjuvant therapy following induction therapy and surgery improves survival in N2‐positive non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: White Abby A. , Lee Daniel N. , Mazzola Emanuele , Kucukak Suden , Polhemus Emily , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Mentzer Steven J. , Wee Jon O. , Bueno Raphael , Swanson Scott J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment strategies and factors influencing overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in resectable, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mediastinal (N2) lymph node metastasis.MethodsAll patients undergoing surgery for NSCLC with N2 disease between 2006 and 2016 were included. Treatment approaches included surgery only, neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery, surgery followed by adjuvant therapy, and neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery and adjuvant therapy (triple therapy). Patient clinical and pathologic data were retrospectively collected.ResultsA total of 281 patients were included in the study. In total, 209 patients had neoadjuvant therapy, 47.4% of which went on to received additional adjuvant therapy. The pathologic complete response rate was 12.9%. The treatment strategy which included triple therapy was isolated as a significant contributor to improved OS and DFS. Nodal downstaging (N0) after induction therapy conferred an OS benefit (38.3% vs. 15.6%, p = .03). Patients with single‐station N2 disease experienced higher DFS. Video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy completion rates were higher at the end of the study period compared to the beginning (p < .001).ConclusionsPatients who undergo neoadjuvant therapy for N2‐positive NSCLC may benefit from additional adjuvant therapy. Single‐station N2 disease confers higher DFS. VATS completion rates for lobectomy increase as experience increases.
Metachronous peritoneal metastases following curative resection for colon cancer: Understanding risk factors and patterns of recurrence
Authors: Le Viet H. , Thornblade Lucas , Ituarte Phillip H. G. , Lai Lily L. , Melstrom Kurt A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundA subset of metachronous colon cancer recurrence manifests as peritoneal metastases (PM). Risk factors for metachronous PM recurrence are not well‐defined in patients with stage II or III colon cancers after curative resection and standard adjuvant treatments.MethodsPopulation data from the California Cancer Registry for patients with Stage II or III colon cancer were collected between 2004 and 2012. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with metachronous PM.ResultsOf the 2077 patients with stage II or III colon cancer, female patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.84, p = 0.02), T4 primary tumor (OR = 2.36, p = 0.02), mucinous (OR = 3.97, p < 0.01) or signet‐ring histology (OR = 6.01, p = 0.01), and right‐sided cancer (OR = 2.2, p < 0.01) were found with increased risk of metachronous isolated PM recurrence after curative resection. Median survival after diagnosis for patients without PM recurrence was 22 months, compared with 12 months for PM recurrence (p < 0.001).ConclusionPM recurrence groups have a worse overall survival than patients with recurrent disease in other sites. A better understanding of the tumor biology and molecular characteristics of colon cancers likely to recur as PM is needed to explain behavior and identify potential targeted therapy.
Analyzing ethical practices in the public healthcare sector using fuzzy cognitive mapping
Authors: Abrantes Joana A. T. , Ferreira Fernando A. F. , Zopounidis Constantin , Pereira Leandro F. , Meidutė‐Kavaliauskienė Ieva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study focused on some of the most important aspects of ethics in the healthcare industry and examined the relevance of the system created to evaluate ethical healthcare practices in the public sector. The research included developing a conceptual model representing variables that influence ethics in public healthcare services in Portugal, using fuzzy cognitive mapping to facilitate the identification of the most significant variables. This method is a well‐established decision problem‐structuring tool that allows experts to define cause‐and‐effect relationships between variables and make decisions. The insights obtained were generated in face‐to‐face group meetings with experts in the public healthcare sector, showing that professional profiles, management, team relationships, external factors, equity principles, and respect are among the most relevant determinants of ethical healthcare. That is, these criteria are the most commonly applied standards in analyses of ethical practices in public healthcare services. The resulting assessment framework and its applicability were validated by both the panel of experts and the chairperson of the board of directors of S. Francisco Xavier Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. The advantages and limitations of the analysis developed in this study are also discussed.
Polarization‐independent reconfigurable frequency selective rasorber/absorber with low‐insertion loss
Authors: Yuan Jing , Kong Xiangkun , Wang Xuemeng , Jiang Shunliu , Kong Lingqi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA polarization‐independent reconfigurable frequency selective rasorber (FSR)/absorber with low‐insertion loss (IL) based on diodes is proposed in this article. The presented structure consists of a lossy layer based on square loops and a bandpass frequency‐selective surface. These two layers are separated by an air layer. Each layer has an embedded bias network that provides the bias voltage to the diodes through metallic via. This configuration can avoid undesirable effects associated with the additional biasing wire. When the diodes are in off‐state, the structure is in FSR mode and exhibits a transmission window at 4.28 GHz with only 0.69 dB IL within the absorption bands. While diodes are in on‐state and the structure switches to absorber mode, it achieves perfect absorption with absorptivity of over 90% ranging from 2.8 to 5.2 GHz. An equivalent circuit model is developed to analyze the physical mechanism of the structure. A prototype of the proposed architecture is fabricated and measured, where reasonable agreements between simulations and measurements are observed, verifying the effectiveness of this design.
Die Materialsynthesemaschine
Authors: Stein Helge , Suta Markus , George Janine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBevor Materialien hergestellt werden, ist klar, welche Eigenschaften sie haben sollen, aber unklar, welche Elemente dazu geeignet sind. Die kombinatorische Materialforschung durchsucht den chemischen Raum nach geeigneten Kombinationen und spart durch automatisierte Synthese Arbeit, Material und Zeit.
Gele als Reaktoren
Authors: Abramov Alex , Maiti Binoy , Diaz Diaz David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractViele naturinspirierte Photonanoreaktoren basieren auf supramolekularen, selbstanordnenden Systemen. Ein Beispiel sind viskoelastische Gele als Reaktionsmedien, die den Reaktionsraum einschränken und damit die Reaktivität verbessern können. Sie sind einfach herzustellen und zu verarbeiten, und ihre Eigenschaften lassen sich einstellen.
Das Virus und die Nase
Authors: Kleber Christoph , Hassel Achim Walter , Rebholz Heike 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEine Eigenheit des derzeit grassierenden Coronavirus Sars‐Cov‐2 ist, dass Infizierte einige Gerüche nicht mehr wahrnehmen. Das lässt sich nutzen, um eine Infektion frühzeitig nachzuweisen.
Bauchemie im Irak
Authors: Plank Johann 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAls kulturgeschichtlich interessierter Student hatte Johann Plank, Professor für Bauchemie an der TU München, in den 1970er Jahren den Irak kennen und ob des damals sehr hohen Bildungsstands schätzen gelernt. Heute unterstützt er das vom Krieg mit dem Islamischen Staat (IS) schwer gebeutelte Land durch Vermittlung bauchemischen Know‐hows.
In‐situ graphene alignment in self‐sealing stretchable films for efficient thermal interface materials
Authors: Clausi Marialaura , Bayer Ilker S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known to have demonstrated significant potential as functional fillers to improve the electrical and thermal properties of polymers, aside from the state of dispersion, the level of improvement has been found to be strongly correlated with the in situ orientation. However, achieving in situ orientation within a polymer presents significant technological challenges. In this paper, we show a simple and repeatable thermoforming process to fabricate high thermal conductive GnP nanocomposite pads using a self‐sealing stretchable film (parafilm, PF). The pads could be sliced and reoriented into vertical stacks and fused into new pads due to self‐sealing nature of PF. Hybrids pads were also constructed with MWCNTs. Vertically aligned hybrids featured thermal conductivities close to 6 W mK‐1 that could be effectively modeled by Maxwell‐Garnett (MG‐EMA) theory. Vertical alignment also improved bulk (volume) electrical conductivity to 0.1 S cm‐1. Moreover, MWCNTs have exceedingly enhanced the ductility and elongation at break values of GnP nanocomposites that justified their incorporation into the nanocomposites. These hybrids can be easily adapted to various thermal management applications either in the form of freestanding thick pads (1‐3 mm) or thermal coatings due to the self‐sealing nature of the matrix.
Synergistic effect of crosslinking and dual reinforcement on the thermal and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Sonker Amit Kumar , Roy Soumyendu , Wagner Hanoch Daniel , Zak Alla , Sui XiaoMeng , Bajpai Reeti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe examined the combined effect of crosslinking and dual reinforcement on the thermal and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Glutaric acid (GA) was used as crosslinker while tungsten disulfide nanotubes (WSNT) and carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNT) were used as dual reinforcing agents. Tensile strength and toughness of the hybrid composite, that is, crosslinked PVA reinforced with both f‐MWCNT and WSNT, was higher than those of neat PVA, crosslinked PVA, crosslinked PVA reinforced with WSNT and crosslinked PVA reinforced with f‐MWCNT. The hybrid composite showed remarkable improvement over neat PVA: tensile strength increased by 138%, Young's modulus increased by 142%, and toughness increased by 246%. Water uptake tendency and thermal stability of the composites were also examined and compared. The advantage of using dual reinforcement was a simultaneous increment in tensile strength and toughness, similar to what is observed in some natural materials like nacre.
Gas separation through polyurethane–ZnO mixed matrix membranes and mathematical modeling of the interfacial morphology
Authors: Fakhar Afsaneh , Maghami Saeid , Sameti Elham , Shekari Monireh , Sadeghi Morteza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of polyurethane/ZnO membranes was fabricated via thermal phase inversion of the solution of polymer/nanoparticle in N,N‐dimethylformamide solvent. The polyurethane synthesis was done via two‐step polymerization method using polytetramethylene glycol, isophorone diisocyanate, and 1,4‐butanediol in the ratio of 1:3:2. Different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (5, 10, 15, and 20) were incorporated into the polyurethane matrix. FTIR, SEM, and X‐Ray analysis were performed to characterize the membranes. FTIR and SEM results suggests an increment in the phase mixing of polyurethane with ZnO loading. Gas permeation performance through polyurethane‐ZnO mixed matrix membranes with ZnO loading by as much as 20 wt% were elucidated for pure N2, O2, CH4, and CO2 and gases. Based on the results, all permeability values decreased as the loading of ZnO nanoparticles increased, whereas CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities increased. Moreover, interfacial structure of the polyurethane/ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by molecular probing approach. The results revealed the presence of a rigidified polymer chain layer with 65 ± 6 Å thickness around the ZnO nanoparticles.
Bayesian optimization design for dose‐finding based on toxicity and efficacy outcomes in phase I/II clinical trials
Authors: Takahashi Ami , Suzuki Taiji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn phase I trials, the main goal is to identify a maximum tolerated dose under an assumption of monotonicity in dose–response relationships. On the other hand, such monotonicity is no longer applied to biologic agents because a different mode of action from that of cytotoxic agents potentially draws unimodal or flat dose–efficacy curves. Therefore, biologic agents require an optimal dose that provides a sufficient efficacy rate under an acceptable toxicity rate instead of a maximum tolerated dose. Many trials incorporate both toxicity and efficacy data, and drugs with a variety of modes of actions are increasingly being developed; thus, optimal dose estimation designs have been receiving increased attention. Although numerous authors have introduced parametric model‐based designs, it is not always appropriate to apply strong assumptions in dose–response relationships. We propose a new design based on a Bayesian optimization framework for identifying optimal doses for biologic agents in phase I/II trials. Our proposed design models dose–response relationships via nonparametric models utilizing a Gaussian process prior, and the uncertainty of estimates is considered in the dose selection process. We compared the operating characteristics of our proposed design against those of three other designs through simulation studies. These include an expansion of Bayesian optimal interval design, the parametric model‐based EffTox design, and the isotonic design. In simulations, our proposed design performed well and provided results that were more stable than those from the other designs, in terms of the accuracy of optimal dose estimations and the percentage of correct recommendations.
Sonochemical Synthesis of 6‐Substituted Indolo[3′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline Derivatives as Potential Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Rao Mandava V. B. , SriLaxmi Dandamudi , Vardhini Suryadevara V. , Guttikonda Venkata R. , Kapavarapu Ravikumar , Pal Manojit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the current study, we have explored 6‐substituted indolo[3′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline derivatives as potential cytotoxic agents. These compounds were readily prepared via the reaction of 2‐chloro‐3‐(2‐chloro‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)quinoxaline with an appropriate amine under ultrasound irradiation in good to acceptable yields. The in vitro testing of all these compounds against MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cell lines using a cell‐based assay and then against SIRT1 (or sirtuin 1) using an enzyme‐based assay was performed. The compound 3 a [i. e. 6‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐6,7‐dihydroindolo[3′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline] showed promising growth inhibition of both MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cell lines (61 and 54 % at 10 μM, respectively) and inhibition of SIRT1 (IC50∼2.09±0.40 μM in vitro). Moreover, molecular modelling studies indicated interaction of 3 a with several residues e. g. GLU345, ILE347, PHE273, ILE270, PHE312, PRO271, ILE279, ILE316 at the active site of SIRT1 with estimated total energy=−99.90 kcal/mol and the ADME prediction in silico suggested 3 a as a potential hit molecule.
Two Colorimetric and Fluorescent Dual‐Channel Chemosensors for the Selective Detection of pH in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ozdemir Mecit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFluorescent probe – which can detect metal ions, pH, and other analytical species through spectroscopic approaches – have recently attracted significant research attention in the fields of analytical and biological chemistry. For this study, two novel colorimetric and fluorescent probes, named RP1 and RP2, were designed and synthesized. Their structural confirmations were then achieved through elemental analysis, FT‐IR, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopies, and tandem MS spectrometry. To gain full understanding of the photophysical properties and chemosensory performances of these two dyes, both the UV‐Vis absorption and fluorescence titration experiments were carefully performed in aqueous media. Notably, upon treatment of RP1 and RP2 in solutions with each competitive metal ion, neither increases in absorption and fluorescence spectra above 400 nm nor any changes in color were observed. However, at lower pH (i. e.,<7.0), those two sensors exhibited a drastic change in color from colorless to pink, followed by broadened absorption bands. As expected, upon excitation at 510 nm, a strong enhancement of the fluorescence emissions was obtained. By conducting 1H NMR and optical titrations, the spirolactam‐ring opening reaction of these receptors, induced by H+ ions at lower pH, was approved. The results demonstrate that the fluorescent dyes RP1 and RP2 can be effectively used as reversible pH‐responsive chromogenic and fluorogenic “Off‐On” switches in real samples.
Precise Phase Control of Large‐Scale Inorganic Perovskites via Vapor‐Phase Anion‐Exchange Strategy
Authors: Cen Guobiao , Xia Yufan , Zhao Chuanxi , Fu Yong , An Yipeng , Yuan Ye , Shi Tingting , Mai Wenjie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnion exchange offers great flexibility and high precision in phase control, compositional engineering, and optoelectronic property tuning. Different from previous successful anion exchange process in liquid solution, herein, a vapor‐phase anion‐exchange strategy is developed to realize the precise phase and bandgap control of large‐scale inorganic perovskites by using gas injection cycle, producing some perovskites such as CsPbCl3 which has never been reported in thin film morphology. Ab initio calculations also provide the insightful mechanism to understand the impact of anion exchange on tuning the electronic properties and optimizing the structural stability. Furthermore, because of precise control of specific atomic concentrations, intriguing tunable photoluminescence is observed and photodetectors with tunable photoresponse edge from green to ultraviolet light can be realized accurately with an ultrahigh spectral resolution of 1 nm. Therefore, a new, universal vapor‐phase anion exchange method is offered for inorganic perovskite with fine‐tunable optoelectronic properties.