bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in Myanmar; a randomized clinical trial of efficacy and tolerability
Authors: Myint Nan Phyu Sin Toe , Zaw Thet Tun , Sain Kyauk , Waiyan Soe , Danta Mark , Cooper David , Aung Ne Myo , Kyi Mar Mar , Hanson Josh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThere is little published research to examine the best approach to the management of Helicobacter pylori in Myanmar. This study aimed to determine the relative efficacy and tolerability of sequential eradication therapy compared to Myanmar's current recommendation of a concomitant four drug regimen.MethodsPatients were screened for H. pylori using monoclonal Stool Antigen Testing (SAT). Those testing positive were randomized 1:1 to receive receive Myanmar's first‐line regimen of 14 days of concomitant rabeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin and tinidazole (140 pills, cost US$23) or 10 days of sequential rabeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin and tinidazole (60 pills, cost US$10). Adherence and adverse effects were recorded, and the efficacy of the regimens assessed with repeat SAT.ResultsOf the 1011 patients screened for H. pylori infection, 313 (31%) tested positive. There was no statistical difference in the cure rates of the two regimens in either intention‐to‐treat: 128/157 (82%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 75–87%) receiving sequential therapy versus 123/156 (79%; 95% CI: 72–85%) receiving concomitant therapy (P = 0.55) or per‐protocol analysis: 125/131 (95%; 95% CI: 90–98) receiving sequential therapy versus 121/130 (93%; 95% CI: 87–96) receiving concomitant therapy (P = 0.42). Side effects of therapy were reported in 54/157 (47%) patients taking sequential therapy compared with 62/156 (53%) taking concomitant therapy, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.33).ConclusionsIn this high‐burden, resource‐poor setting, less expensive sequential therapy was as effective and as well tolerated as the currently recommended concomitant four drug regimen for eradication of H. pylori.
Metabolic fingerprints discriminating severity of acute ischemia using in vivo high‐field 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Lepore Mario G. , Buscemi Lara , Hirt Lorenz , Lei Hongxia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite the improving imaging techniques, it remains challenging to produce magnetic resonance (MR) imaging fingerprints depicting severity of acute ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the overall high‐field 1H MR Spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) neurochemical profile as a metabolic signature for acute ischemia severity in rodent brains. We modeled global ischemia with one‐stage 4‐vessel‐occlusion (4VO) in rats. Vascular structures were assessed immediately by magnetic resonance angiography. The neurochemical responses in the bilateral cortex were measured 1 h after stroke onset by 1H‐MRS. Then we used Partial‐Least‐Squares discriminant analysis on the overall neurochemical profiles to seek metabolic signatures for ischemic severity subgroups. This approach was further tested on neurochemical profiles of mouse striatum 1 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, where vascular blood flow was monitored by laser Doppler. Magnetic resonance angiography identified successful 4VO from controls and incomplete global ischemia (e.g., 3VO). 1H‐MR spectra of rat cortex after 4VO showed a specific metabolic pattern, distinct from that of respective controls and rats with 3VO. Partial‐Least‐Squares discriminant analysis on the overall neurochemical profiles revealed metabolic signatures of acute ischemia that may be extended to mice after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Fingerprinting severity of acute ischemia using neurochemical information may improve MR diagnosis in stroke patients.
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Nucleus accumbens volume is related to obesity measures in an age‐dependent fashion
Authors: García‐García Isabel , Morys Filip , Dagher Alain 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMotivation theories of obesity suggest that one of the brain mechanisms underlying pathological eating and weight gain is the dysregulation of dopaminergic circuits. Although these dysregulations likely occur at the microscopic level, studies on grey matter volume report macroscopic differences associated with obesity. One region suggested to play a key role in the pathophysiology of obesity is the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We performed a meta‐analysis of findings regarding NAcc volume and overweight/obesity. We additionally examined whether grey matter volume in the NAcc and other mesolimbic areas depends on the longitudinal trajectory of obesity, using the UK Biobank dataset. To this end, we analysed the data using a latent growth model, which identifies whether a certain variable of interest (eg, NAcc volume) is related to another variable's (body mass index [BMI]) initial values or longitudinal trajectories. Our meta‐analysis showed that, overall, NAcc volume is positively related to BMI. However, further analyses revealed that the relationship between NAcc volume and BMI is dependent on age. For younger individuals, such a relationship is positive, whereas, for older adults, it is negative. This was corroborated by our analysis in the UK Biobank dataset, which includes older adults, where we found that a higher BMI was associated with a lower NAcc and thalamus volume. Overall, the present study suggests that increased NAcc volume at a young age might be a vulnerability factor for obesity, whereas, at an older age, decreased NAcc volume with increased BMI might be an effect of prolonged influences of neuroinflammation on the brain.
Emotional Labor Strategies, Stress, and Burnout Among Hospital Nurses: A Path Analysis
Authors: Kim Ji‐Soo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to examine the associations among emotional labor strategies, stress from emotional labor, and burnout in nurses.DesignWe employed a descriptive cross‐sectional design. Data were collected from May to November 2018 in South Korea using structured questionnaires. Participants were 303 nurses from 27 hospitals, who were recruited by convenience sampling.MethodsEmotional labor strategies (surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions), stress, and burnout were self‐reported. A path analysis using structural equation modeling was performed to examine the associations among the study variables.FindingsBivariate analyses revealed that surface acting was positively correlated with stress and burnout, deep acting was negatively correlated with burnout, and naturally felt emotions were negatively correlated with stress and burnout. The path analysis revealed that surface acting was positively associated with stress, naturally felt emotions were negatively associated with burnout, and the stress from emotional labor was positively associated with burnout. Although surface acting was not directly associated with burnout, it was indirectly associated through stress.ConclusionsSurface acting involves regulation and suppression of one’s felt emotions. The findings of this study suggest that hospitals need to reduce expectations for surface acting to reduce nurses’ stress and burnout. Organizational efforts to provide interventions that improve nurses’ ability to manage their emotions in interactions with patients might effectively foster nurses’ well‐being.Clinical RelevanceSurface acting might contribute to nurses’ burnout, and naturally felt emotions might reduce nurses’ burnout. Nurse managers should thus provide opportunities to discuss the utilized emotional labor strategies and encourage appropriate responses depending on the patient context. Programs that promote emotional competence may reduce the adverse effects associated with nurses’ emotional labor and foster effective coping strategies.
Optimal social security claiming behavior under lump sum incentives: Theory and evidence
Authors: Maurer Raimond , Mitchell Olivia S. , Rogalla Ralph , Schimetschek Tatjana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany Americans claim Social Security benefits early, though this leaves them with lower monthly payments throughout retirement. We build a lifecycle model that closely tracks claiming patterns under current rules, and we use it to predict claiming delays if, by delaying benefits, people were to receive a lump sum instead of an annuity. We predict that current early claimers would defer claiming by a year given actuarially fair lump sums, and the predictions conform with respondents' answers to a strategic survey about the lump sum. In other words, such a reform could provide an avenue for encouraging delayed retirement without benefit cuts or tax increases. Moreover, many people would still defer claiming even for smaller lump sums.
Immigration and the pursuit of amenities
Authors: Albouy David , Cho Heepyung , Shappo Mariya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImmigrants to the United States live disproportionately in metropolitan areas where nominal wages are high, but real wages are low. This sorting behavior may be due to preferences toward certain quality‐of‐life amenities. Relative to U.S.‐born inter‐state migrants, immigrants accept lower real wages to locate in cities that are coastal, larger, and offer deeper immigrant networks. They sort toward cities that are hillier and also larger and networked. Immigrants come more from coastal, cloudy, and safer countries—conditional on income and distance. They choose cities that resemble their origin in terms of winter temperature, safety, and coastal proximity.
Application of health behaviour theory to sleep health improvement
Authors: Mead Michael P. , Irish Leah A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough sleep hygiene is often used for broad sleep health promotion efforts, sleep hygiene education programmes are largely ineffective. These programmes are limited by their lack of a theoretical foundation. Health behaviour theory (HBT) has been used for decades to successfully predict and modify many health behaviours, but its use in the study of sleep health is rare. The purpose of this review is threefold. First, four dominant HBTs will be introduced. Second, the brief literature on HBT and sleep health will be reviewed. Lastly, a translational research agenda will be proposed. The present review concludes that HBT shows potential in both the prediction and modification of sleep health, and that there are several short‐ and long‐ term research goals to advance these efforts.
Review of cobalamin status and disorders of cobalamin metabolism in dogs
Authors: Kather Stefanie , Grützner Niels , Kook Peter H. , Dengler Franziska , Heilmann Romy M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDisorders of cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolism are increasingly recognized in small animal medicine and have a variety of causes ranging from chronic gastrointestinal disease to hereditary defects in cobalamin metabolism. Measurement of serum cobalamin concentration, often in combination with serum folate concentration, is routinely performed as a diagnostic test in clinical practice. While the detection of hypocobalaminemia has therapeutic implications, interpretation of cobalamin status in dogs can be challenging. The aim of this review is to define hypocobalaminemia and cobalamin deficiency, normocobalaminemia, and hypercobalaminemia in dogs, describe known cobalamin deficiency states, breed predispositions in dogs, discuss the different biomarkers of importance for evaluating cobalamin status in dogs, and discuss the management of dogs with hypocobalaminemia.
Caution at choosing a particular colony-forming unit from faecal Escherichia coli: it may not represent the sample profile
Authors: Maciel J.F. , Gressler L.T. , da Silveira B.P. , Dotto E. , Balzan C. , Matter L.B. , Siqueira F.M. , de Vargas A.P.C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Data about phylogenetic classification of Escherichia coli colonizing calves, lambs and foals are routinely neglected and restricted to outdated methodologies, even in the context of antimicrobial susceptibility (AS) testing. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the phylogenetic diversity and the AS profile of E. coli colony-forming units (CFUs) from faecal samples of healthy animals. Five CFUs of E. coli were randomly selected from each faecal culture of calves (n = 13), foals (n = 13) and lambs (n = 13), totalizing 195 CFUs phylo-typed by quadruplex PCR. The AS profile of five CFUs from 15 samples (five from each animal species; n = 75 isolates) against nine drugs was determined by agar diffusion test. We found E. coli belonging to all phylo-groups already described, except D group, with the predominance of B1 (65% CFUs; 126/195) in the three-animal species sampled. Most faecal samples of calves (77%; 10/13) and foals (69%; 9/13) harboured both pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli. All faecal samples showed CFUs with diverse AS profile, highlighting the ineffectiveness of tetracycline, sulphonamide and ampicillin. As a key point, our data reinforce the importance to select at least four E. coli CFUs for AS testing.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study provides relevant data about the high phylogenetic and antimicrobial susceptibility diversity observed in Escherichia coli colony-forming units (CFUs) from a bacteriological culture of faeces from healthy calves, foals and lambs. The selection pressure exerted by the herd treatment may directly impact the intestinal microflora of animals that have never been treated. Finally, we emphasize the importance of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and we recommended to analyse at least four E. coli CFUs to determine, in particular, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of faecal isolates, independent of the animal’s health status.
Clinicopathological features of Bu Gu Zhi‐induced liver injury, a long‐term follow‐up cohort study
Authors: Wang Lan , Wang Yan , Wee Aileen , Soon Gwyneth , Gouw Annette S. H. , Yang Ruiyuan , Tian Qiuju , Liu Liwei , Ma Hong , Zhao Xinyan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsBu Gu Zhi (BGZ) is a Chinese herb consumed mainly for osteoporosis treatment. Only small case series of BGZ‐induced liver injury (BGZILI) have been reported. We describe the clinicopathological features and clinical course of BGZILI.MethodsPatients diagnosed with drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) at Beijing Friendship Hospital from 2005 to 2017 were reviewed. Clinical and follow‐up data were analysed.ResultsOf the 547 DILI patients, 40 cases (7.3%) were attributed to BGZILI. About 34/40 (85.0%) patients were females with a median age of 63 (range, 54‐70) years. The median latency period was 45 (range, 29‐90) days. Patients commonly presented with loss of appetite (57.5%), dark urine (57.5%) and fatigue (55.0%). The median level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase at BGZILI onset was 673.5 and 423.0 U/L respectively. Total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin (DB) were 59.0 and 39.4 µmol/L respectively. The biochemical liver injury pattern was hepatocellular (92.5%), cholestatic (5.0%) and mixed (2.5%). They were categorized into ‘mild’ (N = 23, 57.5%), ‘moderate’ (6, 15.0%) or ‘severe’ (11, 27.5%) according to severity assessment by DILI network. The main histological injury pattern in 9/40 patients with liver biopsy was acute hepatitis with/without cholestasis. Median duration of follow‐up was 26.3 months with recovery in 37 patients within 6 months. No patients died or required transplantation.ConclusionsBGZ‐induced liver injury manifested more often as a hepatocellular injury pattern with mild to moderate hepatocellular damage. Most patients recovered after cessation of BGZ within 6 months, and none developed end‐stage liver disease or died.
Effects of combined treatment with fesoterodine and mirabegron in a pelvic congestion rat model: Results from in vitro and in vivo functional studies
Authors: Sugaya Kimio , Yamagami Hidetomi , Nishijima Saori , Kadekawa Katsumi , Hizue Masanori , Ito Yoshihiko , Yamada Shizuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the effect of combining a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine (an active metabolite of fesoterodine), with a β3 adrenoceptor agonist, mirabegron, in a rat model of pelvic congestion.MethodsThe rat pelvic congestion model used female Sprague‐Dawley rats with their bilateral common iliac and uterine veins ligated. Expressions of M2 and M3 receptor subtypes in the urothelium and detrusor were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays. The effects of both drugs were investigated on isolated bladder strips contracted by electrical field stimulation. in vivo single cystometry was used to assess the effects of 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine and mirabegron independently or in combination on bladder capacity, micturition pressure, and threshold pressure.ResultsPelvic congestion rats showed decreased bladder capacity compared with controls, but micturition pressure and threshold pressure were unchanged. Pelvic congestion model rats also demonstrated an approximately two‐fold increase in expression of both M2 and M3 receptor subtypes in the urothelium. Additive relaxant effects of 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine and mirabegron were observed in vitro in the electrical field stimulation‐induced contractions of bladder strips from pelvic congestion rats. In vivo, bladder capacity was increased significantly by a combination of 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine and mirabegron, with the combined effect exceeding the sum of the effects of monotherapies. Micturition pressure and threshold pressure did not significantly differ between groups.ConclusionsThe combination of 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine with mirabegron suggests the potential of synergistic effects in a rat pelvic congestion model.
Structural health monitoring using extremely compressed data through deep learning
Authors: Azimi Mohsen , Pekcan Gokhan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study introduces a novel convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based approach for structural health monitoring (SHM) that exploits a form of measured compressed response data through transfer learning (TL)‐based techniques. The implementation of the proposed methodology allows damage identification and localization within a realistic large‐scale system. To validate the proposed method, first, a well‐known benchmark model is numerically simulated. Using acceleration response histories, as well as compressed response data in terms of discrete histograms, CNN models are trained, and the robustness of the CNN architectures is evaluated. Finally, pretrained CNNs are fine‐tuned to be adaptable for three‐parameter, extremely compressed response data, based on the response mean, standard deviation, and a scale factor. The performance of each CNN implementation is assessed using training accuracy histories as well as confusion matrices, along with other performance metrics. In addition to the numerical study, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated using experimental vibration response data for verification and validation. The results indicate that deep TL can be implemented effectively for SHM of similar structural systems with different types of sensors.
Communicating hydrocephalus associated with neurosarcoidosis diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy
Authors: Maruno Sayako , Naito Tatsuhiko , Nakamoto Fumiko Kusunoki , Kamisawa Aya , Sato Tatsuya , Seki Tomonari , Maekawa Risa , Hideyama Takuto , Ushiku Tetsuo , Shin Masahiro , Shiio Yasushi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present a case of communicating hydrocephalus associated with neurosarcoidosis in which the patient was diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy and successfully treated with corticosteroid therapy. The patient was a 53‐year‐old woman who presented with vertigo and nausea. Brain MRI revealed hydrocephalus and contrast‐enhancing areas only on the interthalamic adhesion. Sarcoidosis was suspected based on hilar lymphadenopathy and her past history of uveitis; however, there was no other organ involvement appropriate for biopsy. We performed endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy and performed biopsy of nodular lesions of the interthalamic adhesion. Interestingly, endoscopy revealed numerous lesions on ventricular walls, which were not detected on contrast‐enhanced MRI. The histopathological examination revealed findings consistent with sarcoidosis. The patient was started on corticosteroid therapy, and her hydrocephalus improved conspicuously. Our case reinforces the notion that endoscopic biopsy is helpful in the definite diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis.
A juvenile case of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis involved cavernous sinus and proximal trigeminal nerve
Authors: Bian Zhihong , Omote Yoshio , Tadokoro Koh , Ikegami Ken , Osakada Yosuke , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Yamashita Toru , Ohta Yasuyuki , Abe Koji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIdiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by local or diffuse thickening of the cranial or spinal dura mater, which is primarily reported in adults. Here, we report a juvenile idiopathic HP case presenting diplopia and multiple cranial nerve palsies. Although cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows evident lesions in cavernous sinus and preganglionic segment of trigeminal nerve, only cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed elevated protein (55 mg/dL) and myelin basic protein (MBP, 355 pg/mL) but negative systemic inflammatory markers. Steroid therapy greatly improved the symptom and the CSF data in 1 month.
Suberin deposition in potato periderm: a novel resistance mechanism against tuber greening
Authors: Tanios Sabine , Thangavel Tamilarasan , Eyles Alieta , Tegg Robert S. , Nichols David S. , Corkrey Ross , Wilson Calum R. 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Light‐induced tuber greening is one of the most important quality defects of potato. Although varietal and maturity factors are known to affect greening resistance, physiological mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood. We proposed that physiological and biochemical factors within the tuber periderm provide resistance and hypothesised that resistance is primarily related to suberin content.

We investigated differences in the tuber periderm between genotypes and tuber maturities that varied in greening propensity. We examined suberin and light‐induced pigment accumulation, and phellem cell development and studied greening propensity in mutant and chemically treated tubers with enhanced suberisation.

Resistance to greening was strongly linked to increased suberin in the periderm, which varied with variety and tuber maturity. Furthermore, greening was reduced in mutant and chemically treated tubers with enhanced suberisation. Increases in phellem cell layers and light‐induced carotenoids and anthocyanins were identified as secondary resistance factors.

Our work represents the first physiological mechanism of varietal and tuber maturity resistance to greening, expanding the known functionality of suberin and providing for the first time a biomarker that will aid producers and breeders in selection and improvement of potato varieties for greening resistance.