bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Study of Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO/PTAA Hybrid Heterojunction Layer
Authors: Rani Abdul Ismail Abdul , Kumar Ghosh Bablu , Mohamad Khairul Anuar , Osman Mohd Shahril , Chee Fuei Pien , Saad Ismail 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films have been deposited onto an ITO glass by RF sputtering method in a controlled condition followed by a layer of Poly(triarylamine) as an electron acceptor to form a hybrid-heterojunction thin film. In this work, Poly(triarylamine) is deposited by using spin coating method at different spin rate ranging from 1000 RPM to 5000 RPM. The correlation between the structural and optical properties of this hybrid heterojunction were investigated. The crystallographic structure of ZnO and PTAA is analysed by obtaining its Full width half maximum and grain size value by using X-ray diffractometer. UV-Vis result strongly reveal that all the thin films exhibits high transparency (>80%) in visible region with wide band gap of 3.38 eV for ZnO and 3.1 eV for PTAA at 5000 RPM sintering. Surface morphology of the hybrid film is observed using an advance material microscope (HIROX) with 3 different lenses of low range, mid-range and high range. It is shown that, as the RPM speed is increasing the distribution of PTAA on the ZnO layer is smoother and uniform. The correlation value obtained for grain size and band gap is 0.9344 and 0.9136. Thus, concluded that grain size and bandgap of device is highly correlated.
Tuning Surface Plasmon Resonance Peak of Glass Containing Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Ferodolin I , Awang A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent development in various host glasses has a beneficial feature for its application in optical devices. This present work is done by incorporating TiO2 metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in glass matrix due to their surface roughness and plasmonic properties as well as to overcome the limitation of rare earth ions in stimulating emission. A series of tellurite glass is prepared with composition of (70-x-y)TeO2-2ÜZnO-9Na2O-1Er2O3-(x)TiO2, where x= 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mol% via melt-quenching method. In addition, glass batch without erbium content is prepared in order to identify the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of metallic nanoparticles. Glass samples are characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD pattern confirms the amorphous structure of glass. UV-VIS spectra of glass with erbium content shows the appearance of seven absorbance peaks represent the transitions of erbium ion from ground state to excited state. Glass sample without erbium content shows the appearance of plasmon peak in range of 554 nm to 555 nm due to contribution of titanium nanoparticles. TEM image confirmed the presence of titanium NPs with Gaussian distribution having mean aspect ratio of 1.5.
Structural and Optical Properties of Gamma Irradiated CuGaO2 Thin Film deposited by Radio Frequency (RF) Sputtering
Authors: Duinong M , Chee F P , Salleh S , Alias A , Salleh K A Mohd , Ibrahim S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In space, semiconductor devices are vulnerable to various effect of high energy level of radiation causing single event upsets (SEU), damaging or altering the lattice structure. In this work, p-CuGaO2was selected due to its relatively wide bandgap and a visibility transmittance up to 80% as a potential semiconductor material capable of withstanding harsh radiation environment. p-CuGaO2thin films were deposited by RF powered sputtering on indium tin Oxide (ITO) substrates at 250°C deposition temperature and annealed at 300 °C. Structural morphology and optical properties of CuGaO2 thin film were investigated before and after irradiation. The samples were irradiated using Cobalt-60, gamma-ray with a dose ranging from 10 kGy-200 kGy. The structural properties reveal that the CuGaO2 films shows a diffraction peak at 20=38.051° (012) before irradiation. The optical properties of deposited CuGaO2 thin film, exhibits approximately 75% optical transmittance in the invisible region at pre-irradiation and post-irradiation results shows a decrease of optical transmittance of 55%. At a dose of 200 kGy, the band gap of CuGaO2 is 3.62 eV which indicates that it is still within the acceptable range of a semiconductor properties. Early results of CuGaO2 shows good mitigation towards irradiation thus indicating that CuGaO2 thin film is capable of withstanding harsh radiation environment while retaining its semiconductor properties.
Numerical Solutions of Unsteady Advection-Diffusion Equations by Using EG Iteration with Wave Variable Transformation
Authors: Ali Nur Afza Mat , Rahman Rostang , Sulaiman Jumat , Ghazali Khadizah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The primary goal of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the 4-point Explicit Group (4-point EG) iterative method for solving one-dimensional unsteady advection-diffusion problems via similarity transform. By using this transformation approach, the proposed problem can be reduced into the corresponding two-point boundary volume problem. By imposing the second-order central finite difference discretization scheme, then the corresponding approximation equation can be derived to construct a system of linear equations. Having a large linear system, the 4-point EG iterative method has been used to solve the generated system of linear equations. The formulation of the 4-point EG method is also derived. Some numerical experiments are conducted that to verify the 4-point EG method is more effective than the Gauss-Seidel (GS) method.
Numerical Solution of Non-Linear Diffusion Equation in Image Blurring Using Two-Point EGSOR Iterative Method
Authors: Basran N A , Eng J H , Saudi A , Sulaiman J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The non-linear diffusion equation is known to be a significant application in solving image processing issues. The equations provided the image filtering techniques that blurring the image without degrade the edge information which is also one of crucial study in computer vision. Nonetheless, an intense amount of computations is needed in filtering the image as the sizes that keep getting bigger. Along these lines, this paper constructs an analysis to speed up the required computation in solving the developed linear system with the faster iterative method, i.e. two-point Explicit Group Successive Over-Relaxation or known as 2-EGSOR. For the performances comparison, the standard Gauss-Seidel (GS), Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) and 2-EGSOR iterative method will be set to produce almost the similar quality image of Jacobi iterative method measured by using percentage error of the overall pixels difference. Subsequently, it is discovered the 2-EGSOR offers faster approach to blur the image compared the others iterative methods with the least iterations and computational time.
Block Iterative Method for the Solution of Fractional Two-Point Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Rahman Rostang , Mat Ali Nur Afza , Sulaiman Jumat , Anas Muhiddin Fatihah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The goal of this paper deals with 4-Point Explicit Group (4-EG) iterative method as solver to solve the linear system which is generated by using Caputo’s finite difference approximation equation. Actually, this approximation equation was been generated from the discretization process of the fractional two-point boundary value problems via finite difference scheme and Caputo’s fractional operator. The formulation and implementation for 4-EG method have been also included. To investigate the efficiency of 4-EG method, this paper considered three examples numerical experiment. Based on numerical results, the finding showed that the 4-EG method is more efficient as compared with GS method in good agreement.
Newton-SOR Iteration for Solving Large-Scale Unconstrained Optimization Problems with an Arrowhead Hessian Matrices
Authors: Ghazali K , Sulaiman J , Dasril Y , Gabda D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Solving unconstrained optimization problems using Newton method requires calculating Newton’s direction, which involves inverse Hessian matrices. Once the order of Hessian matrices is large, it may be impossible to store the inverse of the Hessian matrices using the direct method. To overcome this problem, we used a point iterative method as an inner iteration in finding Newton direction. Therefore in this paper, we proposed a combination between Newton method and successive overrelaxation (SOR) point iterative method for solving large scale unconstrained optimization problems in which the Hessian of the Newton direction is arrowhead matrices. To calculate and validate the performance of the proposed method, we used a combination of Newton method with Gauss-Seidel point iteration and Jacobi point iteration scheme as a reference method. The proposed method provides results that are more efficient compared to the reference methods in terms of execution time and a number of iteration.
Grünwald Implicit Solution for Solving One-Dimensional Time-Fractional Parabolic Equations Using SOR Iteration
Authors: Muhiddin F A , Sulaiman J , Sunarto A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iterative method for solving one-dimensional time-fractional parabolic equations. The Grünwald fractional derivative operator and implicit finite difference scheme have been used to discretize the proposed linear time-fractional equations to construct system of Grünwald implicit approximation equation. The basic formulation and application of the SOR iterative method are also presented. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed iterative method, numerical experiments and comparison are made based on the iteration numbers, time execution, and maximum absolute error. Based on numerical results, the accuracy of Grünwald implicit solution obtained by proposed iterative method is in excellent agreement, and it can be concluded that the proposed iterative method requires less number of iterations and execution time as compared to the Gauss-Seidel (GS) iterative method.
A concept paper on the impacts of individual gamification elements on user’s intrinsic motivation and performance
Authors: Peter A , Salimun C , Seman E A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gamification is a growing trend that has the potential to improve user’s motivation and performance in e-learning. However, it is still heavily debated as there is an ongoing discussion within the gamification community whether individual gamification elements may actually weaken or improve intrinsic motivation and performance. To date, research on individual gamification elements is still yet underexplored making it difficult to understand whether individual gamification elements may prove beneficial or harmful to user’s intrinsic motivation and performance. Therefore, this concept paper is intended to explore the effects of three commonly employed game elements namely points, leaderboard, and badges on intrinsic motivations and performances in a flow experience perspective. It is to hope that through this study, a clear understanding of individual gamification elements can be achieved and more in-depth work can be done in the future.
Effectiveness of innovative gamified learning among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Ohn M H , Ohn K M , Souza U D , Yusof S , Ariffin Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In today’s world of technology, gamification has become increasingly popular in education. Previous studies have reported that gamified learning enables 21st century students to motivate and engage in academic fields. However, there is a paucity of information on empirical studies on effectiveness of gamified learning in various fields of medicine. This lack of empirical evidence is evident in the varying recommendations for the implementation of gamification in medical education. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of gamified learning among undergraduate medical students. This was an quasi-experimental study comparing digital online gamified learning with conventional electronic learning (e-learning) at undergraduate level in medicine. Modified Kirkpatrick evaluation was used to appraise the outcome of educational intervention. The change in pre and post-test score was used to measure cognitive gain. There were twenty-one knowledge and skill assessment questions (twenty multiple choice questions and one objective structured clinical examination question respectively) to assess the knowledge and skill acquisition. The findings from this study revealed that gamified learning is more effective than conventional e-learning in improving ECG diagnostic accuracy while gamified learning is as effective as conventional e-learning for improving ECG interpretation skill.
3D Model Visualization for Brain Tumour using MRI Images
Authors: Hamzah Norhafiza , Alias Norma , Abdul Wahab Syamshiyatul , Ali Omar Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The inaccurate prediction of tumour is because of the 2D images do not present the complete natural tumour representation as in 3D visualization. In order to construct the 3D model, the contour of 2D MRI images must be merged together. In this work, the edge detection of brain tumour on 2D images is done using the Geodesic Active Contour (GAC) model based on Additive Operator Splitting (AOS), then 3D model is visualized using Image Manifold (IM) and Volume Estimation (VE) methods. The comparison of performance for both methods is calculated. In conclusion, the execution time for VE method is higher than IM method since more images are used in VE method to calculate the volume of the tumour accurately. In terms of iteration number, Volume Estimation has a higher number of iterations, but for error and root mean square error, both methods have roughly the same value.
Learning from Data: Cleft Lip and Palate Patients in the West Coast of Sabah
Authors: Omar Z A , Chin S N , Hamzah Norhafiza , Yassin Fouziah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Analysing data can be quite a challenge sometimes due to the nature of the data and the vast options of methods and techniques that can be used on the data. In this study, for example, a six years Cleft Lip and Palate dataset were gathered on these patients’ conditions in the quest to identify the contributing factors for a successful pre-graft orthodontic treatment. The challenges faced was in the small number of datasets and imbalance sample class. Therefore, this study had taken a step back and tried to approach the dataset with a combination of unsupervised and supervised learning methods to tackle the challenges by incorporating clustering - for testing records creation and; resampling - for balancing sample class. We also observed if the auto-created testing records are replaceable with the manually selected testing records by looking at the performances of the classification models. Based on the feature that was selected, k-Means and PAM were implemented as the clustering algorithm using the Euclidean formula as the distance measure. Resampling was done using SMOTE and Random Forest as the classification model. When the comparison was done on the models, the ones that were fed by resampled training records showed an increase in the AUC values and decrease in the OOB error. Comparable results were also achieved between the training records produced by PAM and by manual selection as both models, based on the AUC values, was classified as excellent classification models.
Geohazard Assessment in the Kota Kinabalu area, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Norhisham M N , Roslee R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study focused on the Flood Susceptibility Analysis (FSA) and Landslide Susceptibility Analysis (LSA)of the Kota Kinabalu area, Sabah by using Multi Criteria Evaluation Model (MCE) for FSA and Deterministic Model for LSA. The study area had been affected by flood and landslide throughout the years. The aims of this study are to determine the flood susceptibility level and landslide susceptibility level of the study area and to identify the contributing factors that leads to the geohazards. Thus, a few mitigation measures can be recommended. The contributing factors that leads to the geohazards had been identified through desk studies and fieldwork. The data were obtained and digitized using ArcGIS software and the thematic maps were produced. The factors that contributing to the geohazards such as slope gradient, elevation, topographic curvature, flow accumulation and drainage distance were retrieved from the topographic database, whereas the land use, rainfall, soil types and soil properties were obtained from various agencies. Several areas are considered as susceptible, such as areas of Taman Kingfisher, Kg. Bantayan, Menggatal area, and Kg. Tebobon. To avoid or minimize the flood disasters, the Flood Susceptibility Level Map and the Landslide Susceptibility Map can be used in future development planning and a few structural controls can be implemented such as the land use planning of the area and hazard zoning. This study can be used as a resource for consulting, planning agencies and local governments in managing risk, land-use zoning and remediation efforts to mitigate risks.
Stability Assessment of Pinousuk Gravel Slopes from Mesilou, Kundasang, Sabah
Authors: Erfen H F W S , Musta B , Ahmad M S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The matrix of four slopes of Pinousuk Gravel from Mesilou, Kundasang, Sabah namely S1, S2, S3 and S4 were collected for physical and engineering analysis. The slope stability analysis is conducted by using Fellenius slicing method. Pinousuk gravels which originated from the glacial deposits of Mount Kinabalu during Pleistocene age consist of mixture of various sizes and types of rocks such as ultrabasic rocks and granodiorite. Engineering properties of slope’s matrixes show high to very high plasticity with the appearance of smectite and illite as clay minerals. Based on direct shear test, value of cohesion (c), friction angles (°) and shear strength (τ) of the slopes can be obtained. The results show the value of shear strength range from 7.5 kPa (S3) to 13 kPa (S2), while friction angles range from 11° (S3) to 22° (S2) and the cohesion values range from 2.1 kN (S2) to 3.1 kN (S1). Slope is considered stable if the value of factor of safety (FoS) is ≥ 1 and indicates unstable if it is less. Slope S1, S2 and S4 are considered as stable slopes with FoS value ranges from 1.09 to 1.45. S2 is the most stable slope due to its highest friction angle and shear strength of the matrixes among bigger size of ultrabasic fragments which increase the interlocking between particles. While S3 which is dominated by smaller ultrabasic fragments is considered as unstable with FoS value of 0.97 due to the lowest shear strength and friction angle which encourage the collision between particles for slope failure to occur.
A Network Topology Approach in Survival Analysis
Authors: Yusoff NurSyahidah , Muhammad Noryanti , Liang ChuanZun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Network topology can be used to simplify the complexity of the data sets. We are exploring its function in performing survival analysis to identify the most important factor that contributed to the survival time from diagnosis to death. This technique has the potential to illustrate easily some types of complex interactions in data set. Then, based on those interactions, the most important factor in survival analysis will be identified. In this paper, the interpretation of that network topology will be delivered by using centrality measures. A case study of the survival time for cervical cancer patients will be presented and discussed. Based on network topology, the most important factors that influence the survival of cervical cancer patients will be identified.
The framework of collision detection for deformable bodies in virtual environment
Authors: Yazid R , Sulaiman H A , Che Pee A N , Bade A , Sukormo N S , Abdullasim N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Collision detection is a collision between two or more object. Collision computing by detecting the intersection between the two objects. There are two types of collision detection in research, such as rigid bodies and deformable. Besides, the main issue of collision detection normally involves efficiency, speed, and effectiveness. Therefore, it is vital to research on collision detection. This research introduced the Hybrid Bounding Volume (HBV) framework for the deformable object. This framework proposes BVH with a Top-Down method. The Hybrid BV structures involving of BV to form the BVH. In conclusion, the proposed method is expected to create the fast and effective collision response between deformable object thus it would improve CD of the deformable object in the virtual environment.
The framework of collision detection for rigid bodies in the virtual environment
Authors: Sukormo N , Sulaiman H A , Pee A N , Bade A , Yazid R , Abdullasim N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Collision detection includes the detection of a collision between the object in the virtual environment especially to stop the moving object through each other. However, the collision detection refers to the detection of the intersection between two or more objects. There are two basic types of collision detection namely rigid bodies that refer to the hard object and constant distance between vertices, and the deformable object that refers to soft bodies like cloth may collide with themselves. Usually, the main problem of collision detection for rigid bodies that often studies involves the fast, effective and efficiency of the collision response. In this paper, the hierarchical representative bounding volume introduced to develop the new framework of collision detection and analyse which technique performance is fast and effective for collision detection for rigid bodies in the virtual environment. The bounding volume (BV) technique such as Axis-Aligned Bounding Box (AABB), Oriented Bounding Box (OBB), Sphere and Discrete Oriented Polytopes (k-DOPs) will be applied to construct the hierarchical representative bounding volume.
Analysis of the life cycle stage of prefabricated buildings
Authors: Lv Zheqi , Zhang Dan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the development of China’s construction industry, the development of prefabricated buildings has become a national strategy to promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. However, the promotion of prefabricated buildings still faces many obstacles. One of the reasons is the uncertainty of cost. Although existing research has some quantitative research on its economics, few scholars have conducted systematic research. This paper discusses this issue from the perspective of the whole life of the building. Through the literature review method, the whole life cycle of the prefabricated building is divided into seven stages, which lays a foundation for studying the variation factors of the prefabricated building cost.
Performance calculation of silicone oil fan clutch
Authors: Xu Enhua , Lv Xiaojing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper established the torque model of the cylinder head and end faceof the siliconeoil fan clutch under cylindrical coordinates. First, some correlation coefficients were determined based on the data of the corresponding device provided by the supplier, and then the model was used to directly obtain the performance curve of the fan at different inputs, speed and radiator outlet temperature conditions.The performance curves of the LE-040-Z670H-9 and LB-15.9X44-Z410W-7 silicone oil fan clutches are in line with the actual conditions, indicating that the established clutch mathematical model is correct and which provides theoretical support for designing the improved clutch.