bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations regarding Lake Sturgeon spawning below a hydroelectric generating station on a large river based on egg deposition studies
Authors: Gillespie Mark A. , McDougall Craig A. , Nelson Patrick A. , Sutton Thomas , MacDonell Donald S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpawning behaviour of the Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in large rivers is poorly understood, complicating the approach to fish‐friendly hydroelectric design and mitigation. In 2006, dam safety concerns prompted the need to modernize the spillway infrastructure of the 100‐year old Pointe du Bois Generating Station on the Winnipeg River, Manitoba. The associated regulatory process provided an opportunity to study Lake Sturgeon spawning in a location characterized by water depths >5 m, high velocities, and hydraulic instability. Over six spawning periods (2007–2012), a wide range of flow conditions occurred, and spawning was documented using egg mats in both the powerhouse tailrace and downstream of the spillway rapids. Herein, we consider “….the preferential utilization by sturgeon of certain ranges of the physical variables studied, but within habitats considered favourable for the reproduction of the species” conclusion forwarded by La Haye et al. as our working hypothesis. Overall, 27,362 of 30,085 (90.1%) Lake Sturgeon eggs were captured during the primary spawning intervals, defined based on 6‐day annual periods encompassing the date of peak deposition. Of the 2,200 mats retrieved, 74.4% captured 0 eggs, 12.0% captured 1–5 eggs, 5.2% captured 6–25 eggs, 6.1% captured 26–99 eggs, and just 2.2% captured ≥100 eggs (high‐yield). Data were examined in relation to status‐quo habitat variables (depth, velocity, and substrate), as well as two additional variables hypothesized to have predictive power: distance from physical and/or energetic barriers and hydraulic complexity. Distance‐based analyses revealed upstream to downstream redistribution of eggs via flow. Spawning (as inferred based on high‐yield mats) was spatially discrete during each spawning period as opposed to well‐distributed among habitats broadly considered to be suitable for the species. We suggest that the current‐edges located proximal to physical and/or energetic barriers (i.e., at the upstream extent of usable habitat) drive Lake Sturgeon spawning site selection in large rivers, and advise caution prior to making fine‐scale inferences when only small quantities of Lake Sturgeon eggs are captured.
Clover plot: Versatile visualization in nonparametric classification*
Authors: Dvořák Jiří , Hudecová Šárka , Nagy Stanislav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA versatile visualization tool that aggregates several classification techniques is proposed and studied. In the clover plot we combine four complementary classifiers—the depth‐depth plot, the bagdistance plot, an approach based on the illumination, and the classical diagnostic plot based on Mahalanobis distances. An interactive R implementation of this tool, including several model examples of its use, is freely available online.
A Single‐Source Precursor Route toward Small‐Sized Nickel Particles Embedded into SiO2 Sheet as Magnetic Separable Catalyst
Authors: Xue Mei , Ma Ruyun , Zhou Xiaoguang , Tian Chungui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA single‐source precursor route is presented to prepare small‐sized Ni particles (∼5 nm) uniformly embedded into SiO2 sheet (Ni/SiO2). The synthetic process involved the coordination of APTES (3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane) with Ni2+ to form Ni−Si precursor in high yield, followed by pyrolysis under NH3 atmosphere. During the heating, the Si component in the Ni−Si precursor was transformed into SiO2, which could restrict the in‐situ generated Ni from aggregation, resulting in the formation of the small‐sized Ni particles. Small size is conducive to promoting the catalytic performance, and meanwhile SiO2 protection plays a vital role in improving stability. During aromatic nitro reduction, Ni/SiO2 shows excellent catalytic performance, which can be separated conveniently by an external magnet after use. The route is indicative of designing other catalysts protected by SiO2 due to the versatile coordination ability of APTES with other metal ions (Fe, Co, Cu, etc).
Recent Advances in 1,2,4‐Triazole Scaffolds as Antiviral Agents
Authors: El‐Sebaey S. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, severe viral infections have emerged, and antiviral chemotherapeutic agents are not adequately effective in curing these infections, leading to serious human diseases and loss of life. Consequently, a novel antiviral is urgently needed, which undoubtedly essential for the therapy of various fatal and debilitating viral infections. 1,2,4‐Triazole derivatives occupy a pivotal position in modern medicinal chemistry and have been incorporated in numerous clinical drugs, including antiviral drugs. To my best knowledge, there are few review articles exclusively handling 1,2,4‐triazole scaffold with the antiviral potential. This review aims to figure out recent perspectives and advances of 1,2,4‐triazole nucleus roles in various kinds of antiviral agents over the past decade, with some examples of rational design and some structure‐activity relationships. This review will hopefully provide perception into especially powerful compounds as lead structures and help in the rational design and development of novel 1,2,4‐triazole‐based compounds with strong anti‐virus efficacy.
A New Magnetically Retrievable Porous Supported Catalyst for The Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Rahimi Leila , Mansoori Yagoub , Nuri Ayat , Esquivel Dolores 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMagnetic mesoporous silica composite (MNP@SiO2‐SBA) was obtained via embedding magnetite nano‐particles (MNPs) between SBA‐15 channels. It was functionalized with N‐(3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)picolinamide (TMSP‐PCA) and then complexed with Pd(II). The obtained supported Pd(II) catalyst (MNP@SiO2‐SBA‐PCA) was characterized by conventional methods. The prepared magnetic catalyst showed high activity in the Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction under optimal reaction conditions, including solvent, amount of catalyst, base, and temperature. Aryl bromides and iodides showed better results than aryl chlorides. Phenylboronic acid showed enhanced reactivity in compared with 4‐methylphenylboronic acid, and the catalyst exhibited a noticeable stability and re‐used several times after magnetic separation.
Color Tunable Self‐Trapped Emissions from Lead‐Free All Inorganic IA‐IB Bimetallic Halides Cs‐Ag‐X (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Zhang Zixu , Zhao Ruoting , Teng Shiyong , Huang Keke , Zhang Lijun , Wang Dayang , Yang Wensheng , Xie Renguo , Pradhan Narayan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMulti‐metallic halides of group IA and IB metals are emerged as a new class of color tunable emitters. While chalcogenides and perovskites are extensively studied, these families of materials are little explored. In comparison, herein, lead and cadmium free bimetallic Cs‐Ag‐X (X = Cl, Br, I) halides are reported where the larger ion Ag+ helped in incorporating all the halide ions which in turn tune their emission color in spanning from 397 nm (violet) to 820 nm (near infrared) as a function of their composition. The synthesis method adopted here is the solvent free ball milling of respective halides of Cs and Ag and took the record shortest time and in bulk scale. From decay lifetimes, emissions from these bimetallic halides are found as a result of fast recombination of self‐trapped excitons, which exhibited not only reasonably high quantum yield in the range of 17–68% but also excellent stability to air and moisture under ambient conditions. These also show wide Stokes shift with relatively longer decay lifetimes ranging above the exciton and below the surface trap or dopant induced emissions of inorganic semiconductors, indicating a new class of materials having unique identity of their optical behaviors.
Modification of Starches with Different Amylose/Amylopectin Ratios Using the Dual Approach with Hydroxypropylation and Subsequent Acid Thinning—III: Impacts on Gel Characteristics
Authors: Ulbrich Marco , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStarches with different amylose (AM)/amylopectin (AP) ratios (waxy potato: WxPS, regular potato: PS, high AM corn: HACS) are subjected to hydroxypropylation (HP, two levels) and subsequent acid‐thinning (AT) to produce dual modified samples. Pastes of the starch samples (native; single modification: HP and AT, respectively; dual modification) are prepared by pressure cooking to two different starch concentrations (C) (6% and 9% w/w) and systematically investigated especially in terms of light transmittance (T) and specific gel characteristics after long‐term cold storage (168 h at 5.5 ± 1.5 °C). The data are evaluated statistically (i.a. analysis of variance, ANOVA) and significant effects are identified. Indeed, the gel strength correlates positively with the AM content of the starch and C, but the HP eliminates the ability of the starch to gel in most cases. The improved Tgel due to HP is accompanied by extensive loss of mechanical strength in most cases, which is not compensated by the partial molecular degradation via AT. Hence, a synergistic effect of both modifications is not revealed. The synergistic implementation of a starch with the desired properties by preparing mixtures is not revealed during the present examinations.
Effects of lighting variability on locomotion in posterior cortical atrophy
Authors: Yong Keir X. X. , McCarthy Ian D. , Poole Teresa , Ocal Dilek , Suzuki Ayako , Suzuki Tatsuto , Mengoudi Kyriaki , Papadosifos Nikolaos , Boampong Derrick , Tyler Nick , Frost Chris , Crutch Sebastian J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionClinical reports describe patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibiting atypical adaptive walking responses to the visual environment; however, there is limited empirical investigation of such behaviors or factors modulating their expression. We aim to evaluate effects of lighting‐based interventions and clinical presentation (visual‐ vs memory‐led) on walking function in participants with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and typical AD (tAD).MethodsParticipants with PCA (n = 10), tAD (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 12) walked to visible target destinations under different lighting conditions within two pilot repeated‐measures design investigations (Experiment 1: 32 trials per participant; Experiment 2: 36 trials per participant). Participants walked to destinations with the floorpath interrupted by shadows varying in spatial extent (Experiment 1: no, medium, high shadow) or with different localized parts of the environment illuminated (Experiment 2: target, middle, or distractor illuminated). The primary study outcome for both experimental tasks was completion time; secondary kinematic outcomes were proportions of steps identified as outliers (Experiment 1) and walking path directness (Experiment 2).ResultsIn Experiment 1, PCA participants overall demonstrated modest reductions in time taken to reach destinations when walking to destinations uninterrupted by shadows compared to high shadow conditions (7.1% reduction [95% confidence interval 2.5, 11.5; P = .003]). Experiment 2 found no evidence of differences in task performance for different localized lighting conditions in PCA participants overall. Neither experiment found evidence of differences in task performance between conditions in tAD or control participants overall. Completion time in both patient groups was longer relative to controls, and longer in PCA relative to tAD groups.DiscussionFindings represent a quantitative characterization of a clinical phenomenon involving patients misperceiving shadows, implicating dementia‐related cortico‐visual impairments. Results contribute to evidence‐based design guidelines for dementia‐friendly environments.
A novel finite volume scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Xu Mingtian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is well known that the conventional shock capturing schemes for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws yield oscillatory solutions near discontinuities when the mesh is not fine enough. In this article, an improved finite volume scheme (IFVS) is proposed to simulate hyperbolic conservation laws. In this scheme, some weighting coefficients are introduced to discretize the convection term. By eliminating the truncation error of the numerical scheme, the weighting coefficient and the ratio of space step to time step are determined analytically. Theoretical and numerical results show that although the same computational stencil as the classical finite volume method (FVM) is employed to divide the computational domain and the simple explicit forward difference is used to discretize the time derivative, the proposed IFVS can achieve almost the same accuracy as the exact solution for the scalar hyperbolic conservation laws. Furthermore, for the hyperbolic conservation laws involving shocks, the numerical solutions obtained by the IFVS do not show any unphysical oscillations even a very coarse mesh is utilized to divide the computational domain, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis showing that the IFVS is unconditionally stable.
A cubic deformation of ABJM: the squashed, stretched, warped, and perturbed gets invaded
Authors: Cesàro Mattia , Larios Gabriel , Varela Oscar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A superpotential deformation that is cubic in one of the chiral superfields of ABJM makes the latter theory flow into a new $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal phase. This is holographically dual to a warped AdS4×wS7 solution of M-theory equipped with a squashed and stretched metric on S7. We determine the spectrum of spin-2 operators of the cubic deformation at low energies by computing the spectrum of Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons over the dual AdS4 solution. We calculate, numerically, the complete graviton spectrum and, analytically, the spectrum of gravitons that belong to short multiplets. We also use group theory to assess the structure of the full KK spectrum, and conclude that $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supermultiplets cannot be allocated KK level by KK level. This phenomenon, usually referred to as “space invaders scenario”, is also known to occur for another AdS4 solution based on a different squashed S7.
The Racetrack Oval Frame Vault of Villa Borromeo in Cassano d’Adda
Authors: Stanga Chiara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper describes the analysis of the oval frame vault of the ballroom of Villa Borromeo in Cassano d’Adda (Milan), one of the most important, yet not deeply studied, countryside villas of the Adda family. The vault is a particular example of a frame vault on an oval plan, where the main elements that characterize the space are the skene arches and the curved lunettes. The article sheds light on the constructive and geometric genesis of this particular type of vaulting, which was a common construction practice of architects and builders in the Modern Age in Northern Italy. The analysis of the vault geometries and construction techniques is carried out through a geometric and photogrammetric survey, the elaboration of drawings, and a 3D model.
German energy transition (Energiewende) and what politicians can learn for environmental and climate policy
Authors: Rechsteiner Rudolf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe German Energiewende (energy transition) started with price guarantees for avoidance activities and later turned to premiums and tenders. Dynamic efficiency was a core concept of this environmental policy. Out of multiple technologies wind and solar power—which were considered too expensive at the time—turned out to be cheaper than the use of oil, coal, gas or nuclear energy for power generation, even without considering externalities. The German minimum price policy opened doors in a competitive way, creating millions of new generators and increasing the number of market participants in the power sector. The fact that these new generators are distributed, non-synchronous and weather-dependent has caused contentious discussions and specific challenges. This paper discusses these aspects in detail and outlines its impacts. It also describes Swiss regulations that successfully launched avoidance technologies or services and asks why exactly Pigou's neoclassical economic approach to the internalization of damage costs (externalities) has rarely worked in policy reality, while sector-specific innovations based on small surcharges have been more successful. Based on the model of feed-in tariffs, a concept for the introduction of low-carbon air traffic is briefly outlined.Graphic Abstract
Situational Judgement Test als Unterrichtsmethode für die kritische Diskussion zu wissenschaftlicher Praxis und Fehlverhalten
Authors: Klemmt Chantal , König Sarah 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungWissenschaftskompetenz ist eine Schlüsselqualifikation für jede ärztliche Tätigkeit und sollte ebenso wie die Auseinandersetzung mit Entscheidungsprozessen von Beginn an ins Medizinstudium integriert werden. Ziel der Studie war, die Themen der guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis und des wissenschaftlichen Fehlverhaltens zu vermitteln. Ferner wurde durch die methodische Intervention „Gruppendiskussion“ eine Reflexion im Kontext der wissenschaftlichen Angemessenheit herbeigeführt. Hierfür wurde der Situational Judgement Test (SJT) von den Studierenden (N = 743) (individuell und in der Gruppe) bearbeitet, und dessen Resultate wurden mit den Antworten von Expert/innen/en (N = 23) verglichen. Nach der Gruppendiskussion näherten sich die Ergebnisse in der Verteilung und Reihenfolge den Antwortmöglichkeiten der Expert/innen/en an. Jedoch tendierten die Studierenden signifikant häufiger zu jenen Antworten, die hilfesuchende, passive und verantwortungsübertragende Optionen bedeuteten. Insgesamt hat sich der SJT als didaktische Intervention bewährt. Die Studierenden setzten sich aktiv mit den Themen auseinander, eine Diskussion konnte angeregt und das eigene Verhalten kritisch reflektiert werden.
On the combination of water emergency wells and mobile treatment systems: a case study of the city of Berlin
Authors: Stallkamp Christoph , Diehlmann Florian , Lüttenberg Markus , Wiens Marcus , Volk Rebekka , Schultmann Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA shortage of water leads to severe consequences for populations. Recent examples like the ongoing water shortage in Kapstadt or in Gloucestershire in 2007 highlight both the challenges authorities face to restore the water supply and the importance of installing efficient preparedness measures and plans. This study develops a proactive planning approach of emergency measures for possible impairments of water supply systems and validates this with a case study on water contamination in the city of Berlin. We formulate a capacitated maximal covering problem as a mixed-integer optimization model where we combine existing emergency infrastructure with the deployment of mobile water treatment systems. The model selects locations for mobile water treatment systems to maximize the public water supply within defined constraints. With the extension to a multi-objective decision making model, possible trade-offs between the water supply coverage and costs, and between the coverage of differently prioritized demand points are investigated. Therefore, decision makers benefit from a significantly increased transparency regarding potential outcomes of their decisions, leading to improved decisions before and during a crisis.
Revisiting climate change effects on winter chill in mountain oases of northern Oman
Authors: Buerkert Andreas , Fernandez Eduardo , Tietjen Beke , Luedeling Eike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor centuries, traditional high-altitude oases in Oman have depended on the cultivation of deciduous fruit trees. This study explores the effects of climate change on winter chill (estimated as Chilling Hours—CH and Chill Portions—CP), a prerequisite to overcoming dormancy and initiating flowering, in three Omani oases. The results are compared with findings from an earlier study which reported a decrease in the numbers of CH in high-elevation oases by an average of 1.2–9.5 CH year−1between 1983 and 2008. Location-specific weather data were obtained by merging 15 years of in situ recordings with 28 years of observations from an official weather station near the top of the investigated watershed. Between 1991 and 2018, scenarios of the past few decades show chill reductions by 75, 35 and 18% when estimated in CP at the oases of Masayrat ar Ruwajah (1030 m a.s.l.), Qasha’ (1640 m a.s.l.), and Al ‘Ayn (1900 m a.s.l.), respectively. Over the course of the twenty-first century, the lowest-elevation oasis at Masayrat ar Ruwajah is projected to lose virtually all winter chill, whereas, despite significant chill losses, conditions are expected to remain viable for some of the currently grown species in the higher-elevation oases. These projected changes will compromise the cultivation of temperate fruit trees in the near future, affecting the sustainability of Omani oases. Our methods support results from earlier work performed at these locations and provide an updated procedure for assessing climate change effects on temperature-dependent systems.
Chronic endometritis and altered embryo implantation: a unified pathophysiological theory from a literature systematic review
Authors: Buzzaccarini Giovanni , Vitagliano Amerigo , Andrisani Alessandra , Santarsiero Carla Mariaflavia , Cicinelli Rossana , Nardelli Claudia , Ambrosini Guido , Cicinelli Ettore 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a frequent hysteroscopic and histological finding which affects embryo transfer implantation during IVF-ICSI cycles. In particular, CE impairs proper decidualization and, subsequently, implantation. Although this correlation has been clearly clarified, a pathophysiological explanation assembling all the studies performed has not been elucidated yet. For this reason, we have structured a systematic review considering all the original articles that evaluated a pathological element involved in CE and implantation impairment.

Methods
The authors searched electronic databases and, after screening, collected 15 original articles. These were fully scanned and used to create a summary pathway.

Results
CE is primarily caused by infections, which lead to a specific cytokine and leukocyte pattern in order to prepare the uterus to fight the noxa. In particular, the immunosuppression requested for a proper semi-allogenic embryo transfer implantation is converted into an immunoreaction, which hampers correct embryo implantation. Moreover, endometrial vascularization is affected and both irregular vessel density and luminal thickening and thrombosis reduce what we have first identified as endometrial flow reserve. Finally, incorrect uterine wave propagation could affect embryo contact with decidua.

Conclusion
This is the first summary of evidence on CE pathophysiology and its relationship with infertility. Understanding the CE pathophysiology could improve our knowledge in embryo transfer success.