bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water megamaser emission in hard X-ray selected AGN
Authors: Panessa F. , Castangia P. , Malizia A. , Bassani L. , Tarchi A. , Bazzano A. , Ubertini P. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Water megamaser emission at 22 GHz has proven to be a powerful tool for astrophysical studies of active galactic nuclei (AGN) because it allows an accurate determination of the mass of the central black hole and of the accretion disc geometry and dynamics. However, after searches among thousands of galaxies, only about 200 of them have shown such spectroscopic features, most of them of uncertain classification. In addition, the physical and geometrical conditions under which a maser activates are still unknown.
Aims. We characterize the occurrence of water maser emission in an unbiased sample of AGN by investigating the relation with the X-ray properties and the possible favourable geometry that is required to detect water maser.
Methods. We searched for 22 GHz maser emission in a hard X-ray selected sample of AGN, taken from the INTEGRAL/IBIS survey above 20 keV. Only half of the 380 sources in the sample have water maser data. We also considered a volume-limited sub-sample of 87 sources, for which we obtained new observations with the Green Bank and Effelsberg telescopes (for 35 sources). We detected one new maser and increased its radio coverage to 75%.
Results. The detection rate of water maser emission in the total sample is 15 ± 3%. This fraction increases to 19 ± 5% for the complete sub-sample, especially when we consider type 2 (22 ± 5% and 31 ± 10% for the total and complete samples, respectively) and Compton-thick AGN (56 ± 18% and 50 ± 35% for the total and complete samples, respectively). No correlation is found between water maser and X-ray luminosity. We note that all types of masers (disc and jet) are associated with hard X-ray selected AGN.
Conclusions. These results demonstrate that the hard X–ray selection may significantly enhance the maser detection efficiency over comparably large optical or infrared surveys. A possible decline in detection fraction with increasing luminosity might suggest that an extremely luminous nuclear environment does not favour maser emission. The large fraction of CT AGN with water maser emission could be explained in terms of geometrical effects. The maser medium would then be the very edge-on portion of the obscuring medium.
Evolution of downflows in the transition region above a sunspot over short time-scales
Authors: Nelson C. J. , Krishna Prasad S. , Mathioudakis M. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Downflows with potentially super-sonic velocities have been reported to occur in the transition region above many sunspots; however, how these signatures evolve over short time-scales in both spatial and spectral terms is still unknown and requires further research.
Aims. In this article, we investigate the evolution of downflows detected within spectral lines sampling the transition region on time-scales of the order of minutes and we search for clues as to the formation mechanisms of these features in co-temporal imaging data.
Methods. For the purposes of this article, we used high-resolution spectral and imaging data sampled by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph on the 20 and 21 May 2015 to identify and analyse downflows. Additionally, photospheric and coronal imaging data from the Hinode and Solar Dynamics Observatory satellites were studied to provide context about the wider solar atmosphere.
Results. Four downflows were identified and analysed through time. The potential super-sonic components of these downflows had widths of around 2″ and were observed to evolve over time-scales of the order of minutes. The measured apparent downflow velocities were structured both in time and space, with the highest apparent velocities occurring above a bright region detected in Si IV 1400 Å images. Downflows with apparent velocities below the super-sonic threshold that was assumed here were observed to extend a few arcseconds away from the foot-points, suggesting that the potential super-sonic components are linked to larger-scale flows. The electron density and mass flux for these events were found to be within the ranges of 109.6–1010.2 cm−3 and 10−6.81–10−7.48 g cm−2 s−1, respectively. Finally, each downflow formed at the foot-point of thin “fingers”, extending out around 3–5″ in Si IV 1400 Å data with smaller widths (< 1″) than the super-sonic downflow components.
Conclusions. Downflows can appear, disappear, and recur within time-scales of less than one hour in sunspots. As the potential super-sonic downflow signatures were detected at the foot-points of both extended fingers in Si IV 1400 SJI data and sub-sonic downflows in Si IV 1394 Å spectra, it is likely that these events are linked to larger-scale flows within structures such as coronal loops.
Seismic evidence for near solid-body rotation in two Kepler subgiants and implications for angular momentum transport
Authors: Deheuvels S. , Ballot J. , Eggenberger P. , Spada F. , Noll A. , den Hartogh J. W. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Asteroseismic measurements of the internal rotation of subgiants and red giants all show the need for invoking a more efficient transport of angular momentum than theoretically predicted. Constraints on the core rotation rate are available starting from the base of the red giant branch (RGB) and we are still lacking information on the internal rotation of less evolved subgiants.
Aims. We identify two young Kepler subgiants, KIC 8524425 and KIC 5955122, whose mixed modes are clearly split by rotation. We aim to probe their internal rotation profile and assess the efficiency of the angular momentum transport during this phase of the evolution.
Methods. Using the full Kepler data set, we extracted the mode frequencies and rotational splittings for the two stars using a Bayesian approach. We then performed a detailed seismic modeling of both targets and used the rotational kernels to invert their internal rotation profiles using the MOLA inversion method. We thus obtained estimates of the average rotation rates in the g-mode cavity (⟨Ω⟩g) and in the p-mode cavity (⟨Ω⟩p).
Results. We found that both stars are rotating nearly as solid bodies, with core-envelope contrasts of ⟨Ω⟩g/⟨Ω⟩p = 0.68 ± 0.47 for KIC 8524425 and ⟨Ω⟩g/⟨Ω⟩p = 0.72 ± 0.37 for KIC 5955122. This result shows that the internal transport of angular momentum has to occur faster than the timescale at which differential rotation is forced in these stars (between 300 Myr and 600 Myr). By modeling the additional transport of angular momentum as a diffusive process with a constant viscosity νadd, we found that values of νadd >  5 × 104 cm2 s−1 are required to account for the internal rotation of KIC 8524425, and νadd >  1.5 × 105 cm2 s−1 for KIC 5955122. These values are lower than or comparable to the efficiency of the core-envelope coupling during the main sequence, as given by the surface rotation of stars in open clusters. On the other hand, they are higher than the viscosity needed to reproduce the rotation of subgiants near the base of the RGB.
Conclusions. Our results yield further evidence that the efficiency of the internal redistribution of angular momentum decreases during the subgiant phase. We thus bring new constraints that will need to be accounted for by mechanisms that are proposed as candidates for angular momentum transport in subgiants and red giants.
The Clinical Effectiveness of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Chromosomal Translocation Carriers: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Mahdavi Manijeh , Sharafi Seyedeh M. , Daniali Seyede S. , Riahi Roya , Kheirollahi Majid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPublished data on the relationship between pregnancy outcomes of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in translocation carriers have implicated inconclusive results. To identify potentially eligible reports, an electronic search was conducted in several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane. Pooled odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were estimated based on a random-effect model to evaluate the strength of association between PGD and successful pregnancy outcome in translocation carriers. A total of six cohort studies were included in the current study. The meta-analysis of these studies revealed that the PGD method was associated with an increased successful pregnancy outcome of translocation carriers (OR = 8.58; 95%CI: 1.40–52.76). In subgroup analysis, there was no significant association according to the chromosomal translocation carrier origin and the type of translocated chromosomes, as well as country. In developed countries, the pregnancy outcome of PGD was significantly improved in translocation carriers (OR = 21.79; 95%CI: 1.93–245.52). The current meta-analysis demonstrated that the PGD method is associated with successful pregnancy outcome in both types of reciprocal and Robertsonian translocation carriers, especially in developed countries.
CRISPLD2 Gene Polymorphisms with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip Palate in Indian Population
Authors: Neela Praveen Kumar , Gosla Srinivas Reddy , Husain Akhter , Mohan Vasavi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCleft lip palate (CLP) is one of the common congenital anomalies with multifactorial etiology. Many genes are associated with its etiology. In one of the studies CRISPLD2 gene polymorphisms rs1546124, rs4783099, and rs16974880 were reported in the Chinese population. However, its role in the Indian population is not yet studied. Hence, this research was conducted on the Indian population to know the role of these high-risk polymorphisms in patients with nonsyndromic CLP. Following an inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 multiplex CLP families were selected from a high volume cleft center in India. Genomic DNA was isolated from these families. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1546124, rs4783099, and rs16974880 were analyzed for their association using MassARRAY method. A whole-genome association analysis toolset, PLINK was used for statistical analysis. The polymorphisms followed Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. None of the polymorphisms showed any significance. Hence the high-risk polymorphisms rs1546124, rs4783099, and rs16974880 are not associated with nonsyndromic CLP in Indian population.
What is gun culture? Cultural variations and trends across the United States
Authors: Boine Claire , Siegel Michael , Ross Craig , Fleegler Eric W. , Alcorn Ted 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe developed empirical methods to identify variations in elements of gun culture across states. Using these methods, we then analyzed the prominence of these subcultures between states and over time from 1998 through 2016. Using state-level data, we conducted a principal component analysis of 11 variables associated with gun-related behaviors and retained only the significant components. We then analyzed the presence of these components over time and across states. Based on the principal component analysis, we identified three cultural variations. Component 1 reflected recreational elements of gun culture. Component 2 represented a self-defense element of gun culture. Component 3 was indicative of a symbolic cultural element centered around the protection of the Second Amendment and insurrectionism. Over time, the recreational cultural element declined in prominence while the self-defense one rose and the Second Amendment advocacy one remained stable. This paper advances the literature on gun culture by demonstrating that: (1) gun culture is not monolithic; (2) there are multiple elements of gun culture that vary substantially between states; (3) over time, the recreational gun subculture has been falling in prominence whereas the self-defense subculture has been rising; and (4) there is another subculture, distinct from the self-defense one, which consists in mobilization around the Second Amendment and was strongest in places where state firearm laws are most extensive.
The ethical and epistemological pitfalls of translating phylogenetic HIV testing: from patient-centered care to surveillance
Authors: Sandset Tony 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn both HIV science and public health policy, efforts to end the HIV epidemic are increasingly focusing on molecular HIV surveillance as a helpful tool for identifying, intervening in and controlling the disease. HIV surveillance is meant to identify clusters of genetically similar viral strains in near real-time in communities and areas where transmissions occur, and then to intervene by means of enhanced public health approaches. This article critically engages with how molecular HIV surveillance—a practice and technology portrayed as a benign public health intervention—empties and purifies many of the social and political contexts of HIV transmissions. McClelland et al. (Crit Public Health 1–7, 2019) see the rise of molecular HIV surveillance as a form of “repurposing” of clinical phylogenetic testing done in the context of HIV care. In this article, I argue that this so-called repurposing can be understood as a form of “translation”. Looking at how phylogenetic HIV testing has been translated from clinical, patient-centered use to a form of molecular HIV surveillance, I seek to map some of the potential ethical and epistemological pitfalls of such a translational process. More specifically, I look at the unintended consequences of translating a particular evidence-based practice—phylogenetic HIV testing—from one usage to another. To this end, I engage with Michel Foucault and his work on the biopower of medicine, exploring how such power disciplines subjects into undergoing a form of medical surveillance that influences norms and behaviors. Ultimately, I argue that the translation of phylogenetic testing from patient-centered care in the clinic to a form of epidemiological surveillance needs to be critically examined in order to avoid ethical and potentially detrimental consequences for HIV-affected communities.
Does extra-large equal extra-ordinary? The ‘Wall of Chinggis Khan’ from a multidimensional perspective
Authors: Shelach-Lavi Gideon , Honeychurch William , Chunag Amartuvshin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on a hitherto little-known long (or “Great”) wall that stretches along 737 km from northern Inner Mongolia in China, through Siberia into northeastern Mongolia. The wall was constructed during the late medieval period (10th to 13th century CE) but is commonly called the “Wall of Chinggis Khan” (or ‘Chingisiin Dalan’ in Mongolian). It includes, in addition to the long-wall itself, a ditch feature and numerous associated fortifications. By way of an analysis of this impressive construction we seek to better understand the concept of monumentality and in turn shed light on the wall’s structure, function and possible reasons for its erection. We pose the interesting question of whether any construction that is very large and labor intensive should be defined as a “monument”, and if so, what that definition of monumentality actually entails and whether such a concept is useful as a tool for research. Our discussion is relevant to the theme of this collection of papers in that it addresses the concept of the ‘extraordinary’ as conceived by archeologists. Following our analysis and discussion, we conclude that although size and expenditure of energy are important attributes of many monuments, monumentality (i.e., expression of the extraordinary) is not a binary “either-or” concept. Rather than ask whether the “Wall of Chinggis Khan” was or was not a monument per se, our analysis reveals aspects in which it was indeed monumental and extraordinary, and others in which it was not extraordinary, but rather an ordinary utilitarian artifact.
Hidden musicality in Chinese Xiangsheng: a response to the call for interdisciplinary research in studying speech and song
Authors: Lawson Francesca R. Sborgi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent scholarship in the field of music cognition suggests the need for increased interdisciplinarity in moving beyond the boundaries of Western European music, and the study of the relationship between language and music is an especially fruitful area that can benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration. This paper heeds the call for collaborative research in cultures outside of Western Europe by focusing onXiangsheng, a form of Chinese musical comedy that features an intriguing relationship between speech and song in performance. The present paper argues that analytical tools and perspectives from conversational analysis, communicative musicality, empirical research on music-language relationships, and performative mutuality in ethnomusicology all speak to the idea ofmusicality—the underlying capacity that undergirds our ability to communicate both verbally and musically—as a common foundational behavior in both speech and song. Musicality is particularly apparent in the way ChineseXiangchengactors relate to each other and their audiences in both spoken and musical modalities, and this paper suggests how judiciously employing a variety of methodological approaches in the study of musicality can yield important insights for researchers from all disciplines.
Review of Hill (2019): The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese
Authors: Orlandi Giorgio (Georg) 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The book under review serves as a significant contribution to the field of Trans-Himalayan linguistics. Designed
as a vade mecum for readers with little linguistic background in these three languages, Nathan W. Hill’s work
attempts, on the one hand, a systematic exploration of the shared history of Burmese, Tibetan and Chinese, and, on the other, a
general introduction to the reader interested in obtaining an overall understanding of the state of the art of the historical
phonology of these three languages. Whilst it is acknowledged that the book in question has the potential to be a solid
contribution to the field, it is also felt that few minor issues can be also addressed.
Differences in perception and memory for speech fragments in complex versus simple words
Authors: Pycha Anne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Two experiments investigated how people perceived and remembered fragments of spoken words that either
corresponded to correct lexical entries (as in the complex word drink-er) or did not (as in the simple word
glitt-er). Experiment 1 was a noise-rating task that probed perception.
Participants heard stimuli such
drinker, where strikethrough indicates noise overlaid at a
controlled signal-to-noise ratio, and rated the loudness of the noise. Results showed that participants rated noise on certain
pseudo-roots (e.g.,
glitter) as louder than noise on true roots
(
drinker), indicating that they perceived them with less clarity. Experiment 2 was an eye-fixation task that probed memory. Participants heard a word such as
drink-er while associating each fragment with a visual shape. At test, they saw the shapes again, and were
asked to look at the shape associated with a particular fragment, such as drink. Results showed that fixations to
shapes associated with pseudo-affixes (-er in glitter) were less accurate than fixations to
shapes associated with true affixes (-er in drinker), which suggests that they remembered the
pseudo-affixes more poorly. These findings provide evidence that the presence of correct lexical entries for roots and affixes
modulates people’s judgments about the speech that they hear.
The role of affective meaning, semantic associates, and orthographic neighbours in modulating the N400 in single words
Authors: Blomberg Frida , Roll Mikael , Frid Johan , Lindgren Magnus , Horne Merle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe N400has been seen to be larger for concrete than abstract words, and for pseudowords than real words. Using a word vector analysis to calculate semantic associates (SA), as well as ratings for emotional arousal (EA), and a measure of orthographic neighbourhood (ON), the present study investigated the relation between these factors and N400amplitudes during a lexical decision task using Swedish word stimuli. Four noun categories differing in concreteness:specific(squirrel),general(animal)emotional(happiness) andabstract(tendency) were compared withpseudowords(danalod). Results showed that N400amplitudes increased in the orderemotional<abstract<general<specific<pseudoword. A regression analysis showed that the amplitude of the N400decreased the more semantic associates a word had and the higher the rating for emotional arousal it had. The N400also increased the more orthographic neighbours a word had. Results provide support for the hierarchical organisation of concrete words assumed in lexical semantics. They also demonstrate how affective information facilitates meaning processing.
Can a bilingual lexicon be sustained by phonotactics alone?
Authors: Lipski John M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on bilingual speakers of Ecuadoran Quichua and the mixed language known as Media Lengua, which consists of Quichua morphosyntactic frames with all content word roots relexified from Spanish. For all intents and purposes, only the lexicon – more specifically, lexical roots – separate Media Lengua from Quichua, and yet speakers generally manage to keep the two languages apart in production and are able to unequivocally distinguish the languages in perception tasks. Two main questions drive the research effort. The first, given the very close relationships between Quichua and Media Lengua, is whether each language has a distinct lexicon, or a single lexical repository is shared by the two languages. A second and closely related question is the extent to which language-specific phonotactic patterns aid in language identification, possibly even to the extent of constituting the only robust language-tagging mechanism in a joint lexicon. Using lexical-decision and false-memory tasks to probe the Quichua-Media Lengua bilingual lexical repertoire, the results are consistent with a model based on a single lexicon, partially differentiated by subtle phonotactic cues, and bolstered by contemporary participants’ knowledge of Spanish as well as Quichua.
Recent applications of metaphor research in cognitive behaviour therapy
Authors: Mathieson Fiona , Jordan Jennifer , Stubbe Maria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Metaphors are common in psychotherapy. The last decade has seen increasing interest in the use of metaphor in
cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), with attention to client metaphors being asserted as a way of enhancing CBT. However, prior to
this current research there was very little research on the use of metaphor in CBT sessions, and no studies have examined how to
train therapists in this skill.
This article discusses four studies that provide a preliminary empirical basis for the exploration of metaphors in
CBT. The first study evaluated the reliability and utility of an approach to metaphor identification. The second study explored
how clients and therapists co-construct metaphors, contributing to development of a shared language in early therapy sessions and
identified a range of responses to each other’s metaphors. The third study explored the effect of training CBT therapists to
intentionally bring client metaphors into case conceptualisations in terms of building therapeutic alliance and collaboration,
along with an exploration of preference for metaphoric language. The fourth study explored the impact of the metaphor training on
therapist confidence, awareness and use of metaphors, based on therapist self-report ratings and reflections on their ongoing
application of learning over a three month period. These findings suggest that it is possibly to conduct empirical research on
metaphor in CBT, with metaphor having potential as an important therapy process1
variable.