bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opicapone Efficacy and Tolerability in Parkinson's Disease Patients Reporting Insufficient Benefit/Failure of Entacapone
Authors: Vokurka Petr , Barron Andrew , Sumaria Sheetal , Stockford Lindsey , Jarman Paul , Bhatia Kailash , Farmer Simon , Saifee Tabish , Warner Tom , Weil Rimona , Gandhi Sonia , Limousin Patricia , Korlipara Prasad , Foltynie Tom 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpicapone, a recently introduced catechol‐o‐methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor has the advantage of being administered once daily, and has pharmacokinetic data to indicate it offers a greater degree of COMT inhibition than entacapone. Although trial data indicate it is non‐inferior to entacapone, there are no data to indicate whether it offers any clinical advantages.MethodsIn this audit, we present data from 57 individuals prescribed opicapone at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square who had either not tolerated or reported insufficient benefit following previous prescription of entacapone.ResultsA total of 20 of 57 patients switched directly from entacapone to opicapone (“entacapone switchers”) whereas 37 of 57 patients had previously discontinued entacapone because of lack of benefit or adverse events (“entacapone failures”). A total of 21 of 57 (37%) patients stopped opicapone prior to 6 months. A total of 7 of 20 (35%) “entacapone switchers” experienced adverse events with opicapone of which 5 stopped the drug prior to the 6 month evaluation of efficacy. A total of 23 of 37 (62%) “entacapone failures” reported adverse events of which 16 stopped the drug. Among 36 of 57 (63%) patients who continued to use opicapone at 6 months, there was an improvement in OFF time of ~2 hours per day as measured by interview.ConclusionsWe conclude that opicapone can be an effective additional treatment for wearing off in Parkinson's disease (PD) in a subgroup of patients. The use of opicapone in our cohort with prior entacapone exposure, however, was associated with higher rates of adverse effects and treatment discontinuation than reported in published trial data of COMT inhibitor naïve patients.
Detection of novel Fabry disease‐associated pathogenic variants in Japanese patients by newborn and high‐risk screening
Authors: Sawada Takaaki , Kido Jun , Sugawara Keishin , Matsumoto Shirou , Takada Fumio , Tsuboi Kazuya , Ohtake Akira , Endo Fumio , Nakamura Kimitoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, newborn and high‐risk screening for Fabry disease (FD), an inherited X‐linked disorder caused by GLA mutations, using dried blood spots was initiated in 2006. In newborn screening, 599,711 newborns were screened by December 2018, and 57 newborns from 54 families with 26 FD‐associated variants were detected. In high‐risk screening, 18,235 individuals who had symptoms and/or a family history of FD were screened by March 2019, and 236 individuals from 143 families with 101 FD‐associated variants were detected. Totally 3, 116 variants were detected; 41 of these were not registered in Fabry‐database.org or ClinVar and 33 were definitely novel. Herein, we report the clinical outcomes and discuss the pathogenicity of the 41 variants.MethodsWe traced nine newborns and 46 individuals with the 33 novel variants, and nine newborns and 10 individuals with eight other variants not registered in the FD database, and analyzed the information on symptoms, treatments, and outcomes.ResultsThirty‐eight of the 46 individuals with the 33 novel variants showed symptoms and received enzyme‐replacement therapy and/or chaperone treatment.ConclusionDelayed diagnosis should be avoided in patients with FD. Our results will help clinicians diagnose FD and determine the appropriate treatment for patients with these variants.
Mechanism of Bi−Ni Phase Formation in a Microwave‐Assisted Polyol Process
Authors: Smuda Matthias , Damm Christine , Ruck Michael , Doert Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTypically, intermetallic phases are obtained in solid‐state reactions or crystallization from melts, which are highly energy and time consuming. The polyol process takes advantage of low temperatures and short reaction times using easily obtainable starting materials. The formation mechanism of these intermetallic particles has received little attention so far, even though a deeper understanding should allow for better synthesis planning. In this study, we therefore investigated the formation of BiNi particles in ethylene glycol in a microwave‐assisted polyol process mechanistically. The coordination behavior in solution was analyzed using HPLC‐MS and UV‐Vis. Tracking the reaction with PXRD measurements, FT‐IR spectroscopy and HR‐TEM revealed a successive reduction of Bi3+ and Ni2+, leading to novel spherical core‐shell structure in a first reaction step. Bismuth particles are encased in a matrix of nickel nanoparticles of 2 nm to 6 nm in diameter and oxidation products of ethylene glycol. Step‐wise diffusion of nickel into the bismuth particle intermediately results in the bismuth‐rich compound Bi3Ni, which consecutively transforms into the BiNi phase as the reaction progresses. The impacts of the anion type, temperature and pH value were also investigated.
Comparative Secretomics Gives Access to High Confident Secretome Data: Evaluation of Different Methods for the Determination of Bona Fide Secreted Proteins
Authors: Poschmann Gereon , Brenig Katrin , Lenz Thomas , Stühler Kai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSecretome analysis is broadly applied to understand the interplay between cells and their microenvironment. In particular, the unbiased analysis by mass spectrometry‐based proteomics of conditioned medium has been successfully applied. In this context, several approaches have been developed allowing to distinguish proteins actively secreted by cells from proteins derived from culture medium or proteins released from dying cells. Here, three different methods comparing conditioned medium and lysate by quantitative mass spectrometry‐based proteomics to identify bona fide secreted proteins are evaluated. Evaluation in three different human cell lines reveals that all three methods give access to a similar set of bona fide secreted proteins covering a broad abundance range. In the analyzed primary cells, that is, mesenchymal stromal cells and normal human dermal fibroblasts, more than 70% of the identified proteins are linked to classical secretion pathways. Furthermore, 4–12% are predicted to be released by unconventional secretion pathways. Interestingly, evidence of release by ectodomain shedding in a large number of the remaining candidate proteins is found. In summary, it is convinced that comparative secretomics is currently the method of choice to obtain high‐confident secretome data and to identify novel candidates for unconventional protein secretion which have been neglected so far.
Preparation of Ultrafine CL‐20 by Wet Grinding Method and the Study on Its Properties
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Ni Bing , Li Kun , Nan Hai , Niu Yulei , Jiang Fan , Li Xin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, ultrafine CL‐20 was prepared by wet grinding procedure. The morphology, particle size, sample composition, and crystal structure of CL‐20 before and after grinding were detected by scanning electron microscope, laser granulometer, infrared Raman Spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction instrument. The thermal decomposition, mechanical sensitivity, shock wave sensitivity, flame sensitivity, bulk density, and rheological property of CL‐20 based explosives were tested. The results indicated that the crystal form of CL‐20 was retained as ϵ‐form after wet grinding. The ground CL‐20 was superior in physical properties to the raw CL‐20, such as smaller particle size, smooth surface, less mechanical sensitiveness, and lower flame sensitivity. However, the thermal stability was slightly decreased. Moreover, the bulk density of ground CL‐20 was higher, which leading to an increase in density of shaped charge column. The viscosity of the CL‐20 based cast explosive formulation was effectively reduced, that can improve the process of explosive formulation and the process adaptability. In addition, under high strain rate loading, the impact safety of the explosive prepared with ground CL‐20 is improved.
The pMy vector series: A versatile cloning platform for the recombinant production of mycobacterial proteins in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Beckham Katherine S. H. , Staack Sonja , Wilmanns Matthias , Parret Annabel H. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStructural and biophysical characterization of molecular mechanisms of disease‐causing pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often requires recombinant expression of large amounts highly pure protein. For the production of mycobacterial proteins, overexpression in the fast‐growing and non‐pathogenic species Mycobacterium smegmatis has several benefits over the standard Escherichia coli expression strains. However, unlike for E. coli, the range of expression vectors currently available is limited. Here we describe the development of the pMy vector series, a set of expression plasmids for recombinant production of single proteins and protein complexes in M. smegmatis. By incorporating an alternative selection marker, we show that these plasmids can also be used for co‐expression studies. All vectors in the pMy vector series are available in the Addgene repository (www.addgene.com).
Comparison of chemigation versus foliar insecticide use: management of lepidopteran larvae and stink bugs in North Carolina field tomatoes with environmental and farmworker benefits
Authors: Walgenbach James F , Bilbo Tom R , Tussey Dylan A , Ogburn Emily C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommercial vegetable production in the United States of America (USA) often relies on foliar insecticide sprays for managing key insect pests. However, foliar applications of insecticides have a number of drawbacks to the health of consumers, farmworkers and the environment. Drip chemigation is the application of pesticides to the soil through trickle (drip) irrigation systems, and can overcome a number of the drawbacks typical of foliar insecticide applications.RESULTSWe conducted a two‐year study in five commercial fields of staked tomatoes in western North Carolina to compare the efficacy, economics and environmental impact of drip chemigation versus foliar sprays. Drip chemigation significantly reduced insecticide inputs, utilized more selective and environmentally compatible insecticides, and reduced the time lost to reentry intervals, while maintaining comparable efficacy and economic returns.CONCLUSIONSDrip chemigation was an effective tool for managing key insect pests, provided a broad range of human and environmental health benefits, and will likely become increasingly cost‐effective in the future as insecticide patents expire and more insecticide options become available.
Enhanced Optical 13C Hyperpolarization in Diamond Treated by High‐Temperature Rapid Thermal Annealing
Authors: Gierth Max , Krespach Valentin , Shames Alexander I. , Raghavan Priyanka , Druga Emanuel , Nunn Nicholas , Torelli Marco , Nirodi Ruhee , Le Susan , Zhao Richard , Aguilar Alessandra , Lv Xudong , Shen Mengze , Meriles Carlos A. , Reimer Jeffrey A. , Zaitsev Alexander , Pines Alexander , Shenderova Olga , Ajoy Ashok 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Methods of optical dynamic nuclear polarization open the door to the replenishable hyperpolarization of nuclear spins, boosting their nuclear magnetic resonance/imaging signatures by orders of magnitude. Nanodiamond powder rich in negatively charged nitrogen vacancy defect centers has recently emerged as one such promising platform, wherein 13C nuclei can be hyperpolarized through the optically pumped defects completely at room temperature. Given the compelling possibility of relaying this 13C polarization to nuclei in external liquids, there is an urgent need for the engineered production of highly “hyperpolarizable” diamond particles. Here, a systematic study of various material dimensions affecting optical 13C hyperpolarization in diamond particles is reported on. It is discovered surprisingly that diamond annealing at elevated temperatures ∼1720 °C has remarkable effects on the hyperpolarization levels enhancing them by above an order of magnitude over materials annealed through conventional means. It is demonstrated these gains arise from a simultaneous improvement in NV− electron relaxation/coherence times, as well as the reduction of paramagnetic content, and an increase in 13C relaxation lifetimes. This work suggests methods for the guided materials production of fluorescent, 13C hyperpolarized, nanodiamonds and pathways for their use as multimodal (optical and magnetic resonance) imaging and hyperpolarization agents.
Radio resource management for large constellations in a spectrum sharing environment
Authors: Re Emiliano , Murrell Andrew , Roques Damien 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn the last five years, the satellite community has witnessed growing interest in the delivery of Broadband Services from non‐geostationary orbit (NGSO) systems. However, accessing the entire spectrum available without having to share it among the different operators is key for these systems to have a chance of breaking even, which makes for a challenging business case. This paper focuses on the challenges of spectrum coexistence of multiple satellite constellations for broadband communications and proposes a radio resource management algorithm to enable such coexistence.
Mulberry‐Inspired Nickel‐Niobium Phosphide on Plasma‐Defect‐Engineered Carbon Support for High‐Performance Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Dongliang , Xu Zhenmiao , Chen Wei , Chen Guangliang , Huang Jun , Song Changsheng , Zheng Kun , Zhang Zhaoxia , Hu Xianpeng , Choi Ho‐Suk , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBimetallic phosphate electrocatalysts on carbon‐cloth support are among the most promising industry‐relevant solutions for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. To address the persistent issue of hetero‐phase interfacing on carbon support while ensuring high activity and stability, a low‐cost, high‐performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst is developed. Bi‐phase Ni12P5‐Ni4Nb5P4 nanocrystals with rich heterointerfaces and phase edges are successfully fabricated on carbon cloth (CC), which is enabled by intentional defect creation by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma (PCC). The obtained Ni12P5‐Ni4Nb5P4/PCC electrocatalyst exhibits excellent HER performance, heralded by the low overpotentials of 81 and 287 mV for delivering current densities of 10 (j10) and 500 (j500) mA cm−2, respectively. Meanwhile, the Ni12P5‐Ni4Nb5P4/PCC maintains spectacular catalytic activity at high current density region (>j615), which outperformed the industry‐relevant benchmark Pt/C/PCC catalyst. The catalyst grown on the plasma‐treated support shows remarkably longer operation and ultra‐stable electrocatalytic characteristics over 100 h continuous operation. Ab initio numerical simulations reveal that Ni atoms exposed in the heterointerfaces act as the main catalytically active centers for HER.
Redescription and phylogenetic affinities of the caimanine Eocaiman cavernensis (Crocodylia, Alligatoroidea) from the Eocene of Argentina
Authors: Godoy Pedro L. , Cidade Giovanne M. , Montefeltro Felipe C. , Langer Max C. , Norell Mark A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCaimaninae is one of the few crocodylian lineages that still has living representatives. Today, most of its six extant species are restricted to South and Central America. However, recent discoveries have revealed a more complex evolutionary history, with a fossil record richer than previously thought and a possible North American origin. Among the oldest caimanines is Eocaiman cavernensis, from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina. It was described by George G. Simpson in the 1930s, representing the first caimanine reported for the Palaeogene. Since then, E. cavernensis has been ubiquitous in phylogenetic studies on the group, but a more detailed morphological description and revision of the taxon were lacking. Here, we present a reassessment of E. cavernensis, based on first‐hand examination and micro‐computed tomography of the holotype, and reinterpret different aspects of its morphology. We explore the phylogenetic affinities of E. cavernensis and other caimanines using parsimony and Bayesian inference approaches. Our results provide evidence for a monophyletic Eocaiman genus within Caimaninae, even though some highly incomplete taxa (including the congeneric Eocaiman itaboraiensis) represent significant sources of phylogenetic instability. We also found Culebrasuchus mesoamericanus as sister to all other caimanines and the North American globidontans (i.e. Brachychampsa and closer relatives) outside Caimaninae. A time‐calibrated tree, obtained using a fossilized birth–death model, shows a possible Campanian origin for the group (76.97 ± 6.7 Ma), which is older than the age estimated using molecular data, and suggests that the earliest cladogenetic events of caimanines took place rapidly and across the K–Pg boundary.
Generic boundaries in subtribe Saussureinae (Compositae: Cardueae): Insights from Hyb‐Seq data
Authors: Herrando‐Moraira Sonia ,   The Cardueae Radiations Group (in alphabetical order), Calleja Juan‐Antonio , Chen You‐Sheng , Fujikawa Kazumi , Galbany‐Casals Mercè , Garcia‐Jacas Núria , Kim Seung‐Chul , Liu Jian‐Quan , López‐Alvarado Javier , López‐Pujol Jordi , Mandel Jennifer R. , Mehregan Iraj , Roquet Cristina , Sennikov Alexander N. , Susanna Alfonso , Vilatersana Roser , Xu Lian‐Sheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe subtribe Saussureinae is a highly speciose group with more than 600 species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and is particularly species‐rich at the high mountains of central and eastern Asia. Saussurea and Jurinea are the two main genera described within the subtribe. However, up to 15 satellite genera are recognized in some recent taxonomic treatments with an analytical viewpoint. For the first time, we carried out a complete sampling to clarify generic boundaries based on a well‐resolved phylogeny of Saussureinae. We employed a Hyb‐Seq technique that targets 1061 nuclear conserved ortholog loci designed for Compositae. After a filtering of potential paralogs, 588 loci were retained to infer phylogenetic trees under concatenation and coalescence approaches. High branch support resolution was recovered at the generic level, but a non‐monophyletic pattern was detected for most of the genera as they are currently circumscribed. Accordingly, we propose a new generic delimitation based on the three main clades recovered in the backbone tree, which are also in agreement with morphological evidence: Dolomiaea, Saussurea, and Jurinea. Following this classification into three genera, 18 new combinations are proposed. This new genus delineation will be used as a basis for future evolutionary studies in the Saussureinae.
Diagnosis of trace elements’ mobility adsorbed by sediments in urban environments
Authors: Juchen Carlos Roberto , Juchen Patricia Trevisani , Hemkemeier Thiago Alex , Juchen Rodrigo Trevisani 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to demonstrate how quickly sediments can move in the urban environment carrying concentrations of trace elements adsorbed. To achieve this goal, the concentration of trace elements (Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb) in the street and river sediments were determined in two micro‐hydrographic basins of Toledo city in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The methodology used suitable equipment for the sediments collected, and the analytical determination was performed only with sediments fractions smaller than 63 μm by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results of trace element concentrations were submitted to a correlational statistical analysis, evaluating the rainfall influence in the movement of these sediments. The study concluded that trace elements are adsorbed by street's sediments and quickly carried by surface flow to the rivers that drain these areas. This process was facilitated by waterproofed surfaces. Therefore, the study showed that monitoring must be systematic to observe the mobility of trace elements in urban environments.
A note on membrane interactions and the scalar potential
Authors: Herraez Alvaro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe compute the tree-level potential between two parallelp-branes due to the exchange of scalars, gravitons and (p+1)-forms. In the case of BPS membranes in 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supergravity, this provides an interesting reinterpretation of the classical Cremmer et al. formula for the F-term scalar potential in terms of scalar, graviton and 3-form exchange. In this way, we present a correspondence between the scalar potential at every point in scalar field space and a system of two interacting BPS membranes. This could potentially lead to interesting implications for the Swampland Program by providing a concrete way to relate conjectures about the form of scalar potentials with conjectures regarding the spectrum of charged objects.
Thrombus Histology of Basilar Artery Occlusions
Authors: Berndt M. , Poppert H. , Steiger K. , Pelisek J. , Oberdieck P. , Maegerlein C. , Zimmer C. , Wunderlich S. , Friedrich B. , Boeckh-Behrens T. , Ikenberg B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
For patients with acute vessel occlusions of the anterior circulation histopathology of retrieved cerebral thrombi has been reported to be associated to stroke etiology. Due to the relatively small incidence of posterior circulation stroke, exclusive histopathologic analyses are missing for this subgroup. The aim of the study was to investigate thrombus histology for patients with basilar artery occlusions and uncover differences to anterior circulation clots with respect to underlying etiology.

Methods
A total of 59 basilar thrombi were collected during intracranial mechanical recanalization and quantitatively analyzed in terms of their relative fractions of the main constituents, e.g. fibrin/platelets (F/P), red (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC). Data were compared to histopathological analyses of 122 thrombi of the anterior circulation with respect to underlying pathogenesis.

Results
The composition of basilar thrombi differed significantly to thrombi of the anterior circulation with an overall higher RBC amount (median fraction in % (interquartile range):0.48 (0.37–0.69) vs. 0.37 (0.28–0.50), p < 0.001) and lower F/P count (0.45 (0.21–0.58) vs. 0.57 (0.44–0.66), p < 0.001). Basilar thrombi composition did not differ between the different etiological stroke subgroups.

Conclusion
The results depict a differing thrombus composition of basilar thrombi in comparison to anterior circulation clots with an overall higher amount of RBC. This may reflect different pathophysiologic processes between anterior and posterior circulation thrombogenesis, e.g. a larger proportion of appositional thrombus growth in the posterior circulation.