bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of rhizosphere oxygen concentration on root physiological characteristics and anatomical structure at the tillering stage of rice
Authors: Xu Chunmei , Chen Liping , Chen Song , Chu Guang , Wang Danying , Zhang Xiufu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOxygen is essential for all aerobic organisms. Higher plants need oxygen to sustain metabolism and growth. After experiencing anaerobic stress for a period of time, most plant tissues will be damaged. This study examined the physiological characteristics and anatomical structures in the root tips of rice seedlings (cultivars Xiushui09 and Chunyou84) in response to different rhizosphere oxygen environments. The results showed that moderate oxygen (MO: 2.5–3.5 mg L−1) increased the dry weight accumulation and formation of rice roots (including length, surface area, number of tips) in both genotypes. Compared to under normal conditions (NC), the magnitudes of increase in these four variables were 4.67, 66.40, 35.44 and 49.50% in Xiushui09 and 12.25, 15.59, 13.57 and 13.48% in Chunyou84, respectively. Low oxygen (LO: 0–1.0 mg L−1) stress decreased the root surface area but increased root volume and average diameter. LO and high oxygen (HO: >6.8 ± 0.21 mg L−1) stress each damaged the apical cells' ultrastructure, reduced the number of organelles, and increased electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, the root activity and respiration of rice seedlings decreased; the abscisic acid content increased compared to levels under NC. Under MO treatment, the cell membrane was not damaged, the root tip organelles were rich, the soluble protein content, root activity, respiration rate and gibberellic acid content increased compared to levels under NC; the magnitudes of these increases were 24.76, 36.00, 8.00 and 283.00% in Xiushui09 and 4.78, 40.00, 15.45 and 49.35% in Chunyou84, respectively. In conclusion, MO optimised rice root morphology and enhanced root physiological activity.
Vitamin D deficiency in proximal femur fracture patients of South‐East Queensland
Authors: Awal Wasim , Bindra Randy , Price Nathan , Sadler Amanda , Robinson Ann , Hymer Isobel , Chen Joe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the incidence of hypovitaminosis D in proximal femur fracture (PFF) patients and investigate whether sociodemographic factors or radiographic parameters are associated with vitamin D levels.MethodsThis is a consecutive case series of South‐East Queensland patients presenting with low‐energy PFFs. Vitamin D levels and sociodemographic factors (age, sex, postcode, medications and type of residence) were collected from medical records. Radiographic parameters included PFF type and cortical thickness of the femur.ResultsA total of 313 patients were included (mean age = 79.5 years), and 105 (34%) were deficient in vitamin D (<50 nmol/L). There was no association between vitamin D levels and sociodemographic factors or radiographic parameters. Eighty‐four (84%) of vitamin D‐deficient patients were not taking vitamin D supplements.ConclusionsSocial and demographic factors are not correlated with vitamin D levels in this cohort. Routine vitamin D supplementation may be indicated in ageing patients although it is not always protective of low‐energy fractures.
Visual outcomes after surgery for childhood cataracts
Authors: Hansen Mathias Møller , Bach‐Holm Daniella , Kessel Line 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe long‐term objective and subjective visual outcomes in a group of Danish children after cataract surgery.MethodsFollow‐up examination of 56 children aged 7–18 years who had undergone uni‐ or bilateral cataract surgery. Subjective visual function was assessed using the Cardiff Visual Ability Questionnaire for Children (CVAQC) and compared to objective visual acuity for distance and near, contrast vision and stereopsis.ResultsBetter visual acuity on the better seeing and contrast vision on worst seeing eye were significant predictors of increased subjective visual function in a multivariate analysis, p = 0.024. Children in the unilateral group had a significantly better CVAQC ratio compared to children in the bilateral group, median of 0.88 (range 0.50–1.00) versus 0.80 (range 0.55–0.98), p = 0.027. Reading small print, playing ball games and seeing friends in the playground were the most difficult CVAQC items in the unilateral group and reading small print, seeing the board in the classroom and seeing friends in the playground were the most difficult in the bilateral group.ConclusionChildren with unilateral disease often have a healthy eye to support the operated eye, why they overall have better subjective visual function. Many of the most difficult visual tasks were related to academic activities which might hamper future academical capabilities.
Pertussis epidemiology and effect of vaccination among diagnosed children at Vietnam, 2015‐2018
Authors: Pham Nhung T. H. , Le Nhan D. T. , Le Ngai K. , Nguyen Khoa D. , Larsson Mattias , Olson Linus , Tran Dien M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate effect and costs of pertussis vaccination at Vietnam National Children's Hospital.MethodsPertussis cases were defined by positive laboratory tests of children under 5 years January 2015‐June 2018, and data on patient characteristics, clinical data and hospitalisation costs were collected through patient records.ResultsOf 909 inpatients, 400 (44%) were <2 months, the age for first DPT vaccination, and mechanical ventilation was more common than in children >2 months (9% vs 4%, OR = 2.3, CI 1.3‐3.9), as well as persistent cough (99%), violent cough (87%) and pneumonia (91%). Comparing non‐vaccinated (172 cases, 19%) and DPT vaccinated patients >2 months of age hospitalisation was 106‐fold higher (149.6 vs 1.39 per 100 000 population), and proportion of severe patients, length of hospital stay and hospitalisation costs were significantly greater (23.9% vs 12.8%; 13 vs 10 days; 826 USD vs 582 USD, CI 23‐423, P = .03).ConclusionIncidence and proportion of complications among under 2‐month infants were higher than in older patients. DPT vaccination protects children from pertussis infection, and in case of pertussis infection decreases severity. Results indicate that the Ministry of Health should consider adding a booster vaccine for pregnant women in an extended vaccination programme.
Tacrolimus induces short‐term but not long‐term clinical response in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Rodríguez‐Lago Iago , Castro‐Poceiro Jesús , Fernández‐Clotet Agnès , Mesonero Francisco , López‐Sanromán Antonio , López‐García Alicia , Márquez Lucía , Clos‐Parals Ariadna , Cañete Fiorella , Vicuña Miren , Nantes Óscar , Merino Olga , Matallana Virginia , Gordillo Jordi , Elorza Ainara , Vicente Raquel , Casanova María José , Ferreiro‐Iglesias Rocío , Pérez‐Galindo Pablo , Benítez José Manuel , Taxonera Carlos , García María José , Martín Eduardo , Aguirre Urko , Gisbert Javier P. ,   the Young GETECCU Group
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundTacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor commonly used for prophylaxis of rejection in renal and liver transplantation. There are limited but favourable data regarding its possible use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in patients with IBD in clinical practice.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, multicentre study in 22 centres in Spain. All adult patients who received oral tacrolimus for luminal or perianal IBD were included. Clinical response was assessed by Harvey‐Bradshaw index and partial Mayo score after 3 months. Perianal disease was evaluated by fistula drainage assessment.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐three patients were included (mean age 38 years; 51% male; median disease duration 110 months). In ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 58), the partial Mayo score decreased after 3 months from median 6 to 3 (P = 0.0001), whereas in Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 85), the Harvey‐Bradshaw index decreased after 3 months from median 9 to 7 (P = 0.011). In CD patients, blood tacrolimus concentrations during induction (>10 ng/mL vs <10 ng/mL; odds ratio 0.23, 95% CI 0.05‐0.87) and the concomitant use of thiopurines (odds ratio 0.18, 95% CI 0.04‐0.81) were associated with lower clinical disease activity at 3 months. Of 62 patients with perianal disease, complete closure was observed in 8% (n = 5) of patients with perianal fistulas, with 34% (n = 21) showing partial response. Treatment was maintained for a median of 6 months (IQR, 2‐16). After a median clinical follow‐up of 24 months (IQR, 15‐57), the rate of treatment‐related adverse events was 34%, correlating with blood drug concentrations (P = 0.021). Finally, 120 patients (84%) discontinued tacrolimus, usually due to absence or loss of response. Three patients (2%) were subsequently diagnosed with cancer. The overall rate of surgery was 39%, with a 33% colectomy rate in UC.ConclusionsTacrolimus shows a clinical benefit in both CD and UC after 3 months of treatment, but its long‐term effectiveness and frequent adverse events remain relevant issues in clinical practice.
Internal hernia beneath the obturator nerve after robot‐assisted lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Uehara Hiroaki , Yamazaki Toshiyuki , Kameyama Hitoshi , Iwaya Akira , Gohda Yousuke , Chinen Itaru , Kubota Akira , Aoki Makoto , Kobayashi Kazuaki , Sato Daisuke , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Kuwabara Shirou , Otani Tetsuya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 63‐year‐old man who underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection and right lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) for rectal cancer presented with right thigh pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain on postoperative day 17. CT revealed dilated small bowel in the pelvis, and a small bowel loop was detected outside the internal iliac artery branch. Emergent laparoscopic surgery revealed the migration of the small bowel into the space beneath the right obturator nerve. The herniated bowel was reduced, and the obturator nerve was sharply dissected from the herniated bowel and preserved. The hernial orifice was left unrepaired. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the right thigh pain disappeared. It is important to consider the possibility of internal herniation beneath the obturator nerve after minimally invasive lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer.
Regulation of the intestinal barrier by nutrients: The role of tight junctions
Authors: Suzuki Takuya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTight junctions (TJs) play an important role in intestinal barrier function. TJs in intestinal epithelial cells are composed of different junctional molecules, such as claudin and occludin, and regulate the paracellular permeability of water, ions, and macromolecules in adjacent cells. One of the most important roles of the TJ structure is to provide a physical barrier to luminal inflammatory molecules. Impaired integrity and structure of the TJ barrier result in a forcible activation of immune cells and chronic inflammation in different tissues. According to recent studies, the intestinal TJ barrier could be regulated, as a potential target, by dietary factors to prevent and reduce different inflammatory disorders, although the precise mechanisms underlying the dietary regulation remain unclear. This review summarizes currently available information on the regulation of the intestinal TJ barrier by food components.
Combined 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine content of human leucocyte antigen‐B and human leucocyte antigen‐DQB1 as novel biomarker for anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Li Yuhong , Ren Qi , Wu Dongxue , Zhang Mi , Wang Xue , Zhu Hanyu , Sun Shufeng , Feng Fumin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the diagnostic value of 5‐methylcytosine (5‐mC) and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5‐hmC) contents of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐B and HLA‐DQB1 in anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced liver injury (ADLI). In total, 110 ADLI patients and 120 patients without ADLI controls were enrolled. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the 5‐mC and 5‐hmC content in DNA from peripheral blood leucocytes. The univariate analysis showed that smoking, drinking, and 5‐mC and 5‐hmC content of HLA‐B and HLA‐DQB1 were significantly associated with ADLI. After adjusting for drinking and smoking, we found that 5‐mC content of HLA‐B and HLA‐DQB1 were associated with ADLI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.251 and 0.347, respectively) and 5‐hmC contents of HLA‐B and HLA‐DQB1 were also associated with ADLI (OR = 1.848 and 4.705, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the 5‐hmC contents of both HLA‐B and HLA‐DQB1 were more clinically significant than the 5‐mC contents were. The combined 5‐hmC level of HLA‐B and HLA‐DQB1 was the best diagnostic biomarker for ADLI, with the highest areas under the curve (AUC) for 0.953, sensitivity for 0.900 and specificity for 0.875. Therefore, combined 5‐hmC levels of HLA‐B and HLA‐DQB1 could be significant evidence for diagnosis of ADLI.
The combination of ibrutinib and rituximab demonstrates activity in first‐line follicular lymphoma
Authors: Fowler Nathan H. , Nastoupil Loretta , De Vos Sven , Knapp Mark , Flinn Ian W. , Chen Robert , Advani Ranjana H. , Bhatia Sumeet , Martin Peter , Mena Raul , Davis Richard Eric , Neelapu Sattva S. , Eckert Karl , Ping Jerry , Co Melannie , Beaupre Darrin M. , Neuenburg Jutta K. , Palomba M. Lia 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis phase 2 study evaluated the activity and safety of ibrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, plus rituximab in adults with previously untreated follicular lymphoma. Patients received once‐daily ibrutinib 560 mg continuously plus once‐weekly rituximab 375 mg/m2 for 4 weeks beginning Week 1 (Arm 1, n = 60) or Week 9 (following an 8‐week ibrutinib lead‐in) to explore biomarkers (Arm 2, n = 20). The primary endpoint was the best overall response rate (ORR). The median age was 58 years; most had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 0 (74%) and Stage III/IV disease (84%). At a median study follow‐up of 34 months in Arm 1 and 29 months in Arm 2, ORRs were 85% [95% confidence interval (CI) 73–93] and 75% (95% CI 51–91), respectively, with complete responses in 40% and 50%. The median duration of response was not reached in either arm; 30‐month progression‐free and overall survival rates were 67% and 97% (Arm 1) and 65% and 100% (Arm 2). The most common adverse events were fatigue, diarrhoea and nausea. Higher grade (Grade 3/4) haematological, haemorrhagic and cardiac events occurred infrequently. Ibrutinib plus rituximab was active and tolerable in first‐line follicular lymphoma.
Distribution of prostate cancer recurrences on gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) positron‐emission/computed tomography after radical prostatectomy with pathological node‐positive extended lymph node dissection
Authors: Huits Thijs H. , Luiting Henk B. , van der Poel Henk G. , Nandurkar Rohan , Donswijk Maarten , Schaake Eva , Vogel Wouter , Roobol Monique J. , Wit Esther , Stricker Phillip , Emmett Louise , van Leeuwen Pim J. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the anatomical distribution of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence on gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) positron‐emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) with pathological lymph node metastasis (pN1) in their extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND), and to compare the location of PCa recurrence with the location of the initial lymph node metastasis at ePLND.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with BCR (PSA 0.05–5.00 ng/mL) after RP with pN1 ePLND who underwent 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT to guide salvage therapy. Clinical and pathological features and anatomical locations of PCa recurrence on 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT were obtained, and management impact was recorded.ResultsIn all, 68 patients (68%) had a positive and 32 patients (32%) had a negative 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT result. Of the 68 patients with a positive 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT, 44 (65%) showed abnormal uptake only in the pelvic area, seven (10%) only outside the pelvic area, and 17 (25%) both within and outside the pelvic area. 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT‐positive pelvic lymph nodes were often (84%) detected on the same side as the lymph node metastasis diagnosed at ePLND. Based on the outcomes of the 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT, change of management was noted in 68% of the patients.ConclusionRecurrence of PCa on 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT was limited to the pelvis in the majority of patients with BCR after RP with pN1 ePLND. Moreover, recurrence was often detected on the same side as the lymph node metastasis at ePLND. The results confirm the diagnostic value of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT in patients with BCR after RP with pN1 ePLND. Prospective studies are needed to support the long‐term benefit of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT‐dictated management changes.
Improved scanning accuracy with newly designed scan bodies: An in vitro study comparing digital versus conventional impression techniques for complete‐arch implant rehabilitation
Authors: Huang Ruoxuan , Liu Yuanxiang , Huang Baoxin , Zhang Chaobiao , Chen Zhuofan , Li Zhipeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the accuracy of an original and two newly designed CAD/CAM scan bodies used in digital impressions with one another as well as conventional implant impressions.Material and methodsA reference model containing four implants was fabricated. Digital impressions were taken using an intraoral scanner with different scan bodies: original scan bodies for Group I (DO), CAD/CAM scan bodies without extensional structure for Group II (DC), and CAD/CAM scan bodies with extensional structure for Group III (DCE). For Group IV, conventional splinted open‐tray impressions (CI) were taken. The reference model and conventional stone casts were digitalized with a laboratory reference scanner. The Standard Tessellation Language datasets were imported into an inspection software for trueness and precision assessment. Statistical analysis was performed with a Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn–Bonferroni test. The level of significance was set at α = .05.ResultsThe median of trueness was 35.85, 38.50, 28.45, and 25.55 μm for Group I, II, III, and IV, respectively. CI was more accurate than DO (p = .015) and DC (p = .002). The median of precision was 48.40, 48.90, 27.30, and 19.00 for Group I, II, III, and IV, respectively. CI was more accurate than DO (p < .001), DC (p < .001), and DCE (p = .007). DCE was more accurate than DC (p < .001) and DO (p < .001).ConclusionsThe design of the extensional structure could significantly improve scanning accuracy. Conventional splinted open‐tray impressions were more accurate than digital impressions for full‐arch implant rehabilitation.
Extinction rate of discovered and undiscovered plants in Singapore
Authors: Kristensen Nadiah P. , Seah Wei Wei , Chong Kwek Yan , Yeoh Yi Shuen , Fung Tak , Berman Laura M. , Tan Hui Zhen , Chisholm Ryan A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExtinction is a key issue in the assessment of global biodiversity. However, many extinction rate measures do not account for species that went extinct before they could be discovered. The highly developed island city–state of Singapore has one of the best‐documented tropical floras in the world. This allowed us to estimate the total rate of floristic extinctions in Singapore since 1822 after accounting for sampling effort and crypto extinctions by collating herbaria records. Our database comprised 34,224 specimens from 2076 native species, of which 464 species (22%) were considered nationally extinct. We assumed that undiscovered species had the same annual per‐species extinction rates as discovered species and that no undiscovered species remained extant. With classical and Bayesian algorithms, we estimated that 304 (95% confidence interval, 213–414) and 412 (95% credible interval, 313–534) additional species went extinct before they could be discovered, respectively; corresponding total extinction rate estimates were 32% and 35% (range 30–38%). We detected violations of our 2 assumptions that could cause our extinction estimates, particularly the absolute numbers, to be biased downward. Thus, our estimates should be treated as lower bounds. Our results illustrate the possible magnitudes of plant extirpations that can be expected in the tropics as development continues.
The affect of personality traits and decision‐making style on postoperative quality of life and distress in patients undergoing pelvic exenteration
Authors: Coker D. J. , Koh C. E. , Steffens D. , Young J. M. , Vuong K. , Alchin L. , Solomon M. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimOur aim was to identify whether personality traits and decision‐making styles affect quality of life (QoL) outcomes and levels of psychological distress following pelvic exenteration (PE).MethodPatients undergoing PE between 2008 and 2015 were identified from a prospectively maintained database at a single quaternary referral centre. Patients were invited to complete two validated questionnaires, with the Big Five inventory being used to assess personality traits and the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire to determine decision‐making style. Data on QoL outcomes and distress from the prospectively established database were utilized. QoL with respect to both physical and mental health components was measured using Short Form 36 version 2 (SF‐36v2) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Colorectal (FACT‐C). Distress was measured using the Distress Thermometer. Postoperative pain scores were also measured using SF‐36v2.ResultsOf the 93 patients eligible for participation, 42 returned the study questionnaire. On multivariate analysis, neuroticism was the most significant predictor of poorer QoL and increased levels of distress, consistent across all of the measures utilized and at the different time points used. Other personality traits showed an isolated statistically significant impact upon QoL. There were no significant findings with respect to decision‐making style. Apart from neuroticism, the most significant predictor of QoL was the number of major complications for the patient.ConclusionPatients demonstrating neurotic personality traits show poorer QoL outcomes and higher levels of distress following PE. Identification of these patients would allow targeted pre‐ and postoperative intervention to improve outcomes following PE.
The Bright and Dark Sides of Performance‐Dependent Monetary Rewards: Evidence From Visual Perception Tasks
Authors: Qin Nan , Xue Jingming , Chen Chuansheng , Zhang Mingxia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStudies have shown that performance‐dependent monetary rewards facilitate visual perception. However, no study has examined whether such a positive effect is limited to the rewarded task or may be generalized to other tasks. In the current study, two groups of people were asked to perform two visual perception tasks, one being a reward‐relevant task and the other being a reward‐irrelevant task. For the reward‐relevant task, the experimental group received performance‐dependent monetary rewards, whereas the control group did not. For the reward‐irrelevant task, both groups were not rewarded. The two tasks were randomly intermixed trial by trial (Experiment 1) or presented block by block (Experiment 2) or session by session (Experiments 3a, 3b, and 3c). Results showed that performance‐dependent monetary rewards improved participants' performance on the relevant task in all experiments and impaired their performance on the irrelevant task in Experiments 2, 3a, 3b, and 3c. These results suggested that monetary rewards might incur a cost on reward‐irrelevant tasks. Finally, the benefit of monetary rewards disappeared when they were no longer provided during the final session. This is the first study that reveals both the bright and dark sides of the performance‐dependent monetary rewards in visual perception.