bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus endoscopic therapy for prevention of variceal rebleeding in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria
Authors: Luo Junyang , Li Mingan , Wu Chun , Zhu Duo , Wang Haofan , Huang Mingsheng , Jiang Zaibo 
Published: May 2020

Objective
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and endoscopic therapy (ET) have been recommended to prevent variceal rebleeding due to cirrhotic portal hypertension. However, which one is better for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. Hence, we aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of these two treatments for these subpopulation.

Methods
This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. The data of 98 consecutive patients with HCC meeting the Milan criteria (mean age 54.1 years) who had received TIPS placement (34 patients) or ET (64 patients) between June 2010 and December 2017 were reviewed. The clinical outcomes were evaluated and were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by using the log-rank test. A matched cohort composed of 34 patients from each group was selected after adjustment with propensity score matching to verify the robustness of the results.

Results
The median follow-up time was 33.1 months. The rebleeding rate was significantly lower in TIPS group (P = 0.016). A matched cohort composed of 34 patients from each group after adjustment with propensity score matching showed that TIPS reduced the risk of rebleeding (P = 0.030) without increasing long-term overt hepatic encephalopathy (P = 0.151), while there was no significant difference in overall liver transplant-free survival (P = 0.120). Thereafter, 25 patients in TIPS group (73.5%) and 42 patients in ET group (65.6%) received locoregional therapies for HCC (P = 0.431).

Conclusion
TIPS reduced the risk of rebleeding without improving survival. Locoregional therapies can be performed safely to manage HCC after sufficient prevention of variceal rebleeding.
Treatment of neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms: main contributions from 2018 and 2019
Authors: Abreu-Mendes Pedro , Cruz Francisco , Martins-Silva Carlos 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
This review aims to update the studies involving the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in neurogenic patients, published in the last two years.

Recent findings
Treatment of neurogenic LUTS (NLUTS) patients with β3 adrenoreceptor agonists was investigated in real-life conditions. A randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of antimuscarinics versus onabotulinum toxin A in neurogenic patients. The use of desmopressin to treat nocturia in multiple sclerosis patients is also reported. The long-term treatment with BontA efficacy, its discontinuation, and possible strategies to maintain patients on treatment were also evaluated. Sacral neuromodulation and tibial nerve stimulation are continuously being evaluated in neurogenic patients, especially in the last years.

Summary
The management of urinary tract infections and vesical lithiasis, two common complications in NLUTS patients, and the management of both these patients was assessed in clinical trials.
A trial evaluating the use of the anti-Nogo-A antibody after a spinal cord injury to facilitate neuronal rewiring and prevent or improve NLUTS was reported for the first time.
The Methods of Reserving Integrity of Seriously Damaged Cavernous Carotid in the Management of Traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
Authors: Zhan Rucai , Jing Liu , Fu Maowu , Xin Tao , Wei Lin , Wang Jianjun , Guo Jian 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The A type of carotid–cavernous fistulas (CCF-A) is characterized by direct communication between the internal carotid artery (ICA) with a very low incidence. But it severely endangers the health and even the life of patients, not only causes insufferable symptoms but also can induce fatal epistaxis, intracranial hemorrhages or even death. So, this disease needs therapy as early as possible. The ideal treatment for CCF-A is to exclude the fistula from circulation, preserving the carotid flow. Interventional therapy has become the chief method for CCF-A especially in recent years, but the prerequisite, that the microwire or and microcatheter in ICA can be navigated across the orificium fistulae and into distal ICA, is necessary. Otherwise it is difficult to reserve the communication of seriously injured ICA and the orificium fistulae could simultaneously be reliably closed. The authors used a series of new and novel CCF with good result.

Methods:
The authors experienced a patient of TCCF-A, whose ICA was seriously injured and customary method failed in the first treatment because the microwire and microcatheter could not cross the segment of orificium fistulae. Then, the authors applied military (outflanking techniques, aerial refueling, and retrograde navigation) to manage this case.

Results:
Finally, the CCF-A was completely cured and the parent artery was perfect preserved without any complication.

Conclusions:
For patients of TCCF-A with severe ICA injury, these strategies may be very important for some patients whose affected ICA cannot tolerant to be blocked.
Multiplane Facelift Following Facial Bone Contouring for Enhanced Mobilization and Rejuvenation
Authors: Yoo Han-Su , Byun Il Hwan , Ahn Deok Ki , Lee Joo Hong , Yoo Won Min 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
The aging process is inevitable in life, and the social demand for rejuvenation increases by year. The face acquires both soft tissue and skeletal changes through aging, and correcting only one side has limits in natural rejuvenation. Thus, the authors combined multiplane facelift with whole-facial bone contouring for maximal results.

Methods:
From March 2017 to February 2019, a total of 22 patients received multiplane facelift following facial bone contouring in our institute. The authors retrospectively reviewed information on demographics, surgical procedure, complications, and satisfaction. Under general anesthesia, the patient received reduction malarplasty, genioplasty, and mandible anglectomy via intraoral incisions, and multiplane facelift through retrotragal and postauricular incisions.

Results:
All patients were females with the mean age of 42.86 ± 9.55. The mean operation time was 296.39 ± 31.87 minutes and the mean follow-up period was 12.59 ± 6.77 months. Few complications included hematoma and unfavorable scars. More than 95% of the patients were very satisfactory with the result.

Conclusion:
In this study, the authors present our novel procedure of combining whole-facial bone contouring and multiplane facelift. This technique can reestablish the facial skeletal foundation and effectively lift soft tissues in various vectors with longevity and safety.
Platysmal Lineaments of the Neck With Emphasis on Endoscopic Endocrine Surgery
Authors: Zhang Daqi , Sun Hui , Tufano Ralph P. , Pontin Alessandro , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Kim Hoon Yub 
Published: May 2020

Background:
In endoscopic neck endocrine surgery, the subplatysmal plane is an anatomic key structure that must be identified and preserved, to progress with the dissection. We define the prevalence of platysma, in the intermediate plane of the anterior cervical region, and evaluate potential statistical correlations with clinical and pathologic variables.

Materials and Methods:
The study included patients who had thyroid surgery. Morphologies, asymmetry, and patterns of the platysma were described. The analysis of the different considered variables was quantitative and qualitative, using multiple data reports.

Results:
A total of 23 men and 90 women, aged 19 to 70 (median 41±19) years constituted the study cohort. Their neck circumference and height were 388.5±45 mm (334 to 479 mm) and 200±30 mm (160 to 270 mm), respectively. The hemi-platysmal muscle was bilaterally identified in 109 (96.4%). The mean platysmal thickness was 2.7±1.7 mm (range: 0.7 to 8.2 mm). The intermediate plane between the platysmal muscles was classified into 4 types, depending on the muscle features in the midline: Type A: the left and right platysmal fibers were interlaced with each other in the midline (7%); type B: the platysmal fibers were disconnected by <1 cm (27%); type C: between 1 and 3 cm (52%); and type D separated >3 cm (14%).

Conclusions:
We provide descriptive characteristics of the cervical platysma. A better understanding of the anatomic variability in cervical platysma may be useful in performing a more accurate dissection in endoscopic endocrine neck surgery.
Critical Appraisal of the Impact of Individual Surgeon Experience on the Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Distal Pancreatectomies: Collective Experience of Multiple Surgeons at a Single Institution
Authors: Goh Brian K.P. , Kabir Tousif , Koh Ye-Xin , Teo Jin-Yao , Lee Ser-Yee , Kam Juinn-Huar , Cheow Peng-Chung , Jeyaraj Prema R. , Chow Pierce K.H. , Ooi London L.P.J. , Chung Alexander Y.F. , Chan Chung-Yip 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Presently, there are limited studies analyzing the learning experience of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomies (MIDPs) and these frequently focused on a single surgeon or institution learning curve. This study aims to critically analyze the impact of individual surgeon experience on the outcomes of MIDP based on the collective experiences of multiple surgeons at a single institution.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 90 consecutive MIDP from 2006 to 2018 was performed. These cases were performed by 13 surgeons over various time periods. The cohort was stratified into 4 groups according to individual surgeon experience. The case experience of these surgeons was as follows: <5 cases (n=8), 6 to 10 cases (n=2), 11 to 15 cases (n=2), and 30 cases (n=1).

Results:
The distribution of the 90 cases were as follows: experience <5 cases (n=44), 6 to 10 cases (n=20), 11 to 15 cases (n=11), and 15 cases (n=15). As individual surgeons gained increasing experience, this was significantly associated with increasingly difficult resections performed, increased frequency of the use of robotic assistance and decreasing open conversion rates (20.5% vs. 100% vs. 9.1% vs. 0%, P=0.038). There was no significant difference in other perioperative outcomes. These findings suggest that the outcomes of MIDP in terms of open conversion rate could be optimized after 15 cases. Subset analyses suggested that the learning curve for MIDP of low difficulty was only 5 cases.

Conclusion:
MIDP can be safely adopted today and the individual surgeon learning curve for MIDP of all difficulties in terms of open conversion rate can be overcome after 15 cases.
Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis After Biliary Self-Expandable Metal Stent Placement
Authors: Nakahara Kazunari , Morita Ryo , Michikawa Yosuke , Suetani Keigo , Morita Nozomi , Fujita Akashi , Sato Junya , Igarashi Yosuke , Ikeda Hiroki , Matsunaga Kotaro , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Otsubo Takehito , Itoh Fumio 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) for acute cholecystitis (AC) after self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement is technically challenging and there are no reports about its outcome in a several cases. This study aims to assess the outcomes of ETGBD for AC after SEMS placement.

Methods:
Between April 2011 and April 2019, 314 patients underwent SEMS placement for biliary stricture. Among them, 12 of 21 patients who developed AC after SEMS placement underwent ETGBD. In general, ETGBD was performed after SEMS removal in cases in which a covered SEMS was previously placed or with the SEMS kept in place in cases in which an uncovered SEMS was previously placed. When the orifice of the cystic duct overlapped the uncovered SEMS, ETGBD was performed through the mesh of the SEMS.

Results:
Among the 12 patients who underwent ETGBD, the previously placed SEMS was in the distal (n=8) or perihilar (n=4) bile duct. The type of SEMS placed in the distal bile duct was covered in 7 (fully covered: 6, partially covered: 1) and uncovered in 1, whereas that in the perihilar bile duct was uncovered for all. The technical success rate of ETGBD was 83.3% (10/12), and that according to the previous SEMS placement site was 75.0% (6/8) for the distal bile duct and 100% (4/4) for the perihilar bile duct. In the technically successful, the clinical success rate for AC was 90.0% (9/10). The rate of adverse event was 16.7% (2/12) (stent kink: 1, tube self-removal: 1).

Conclusions:
ETGBD can have relatively good outcomes for AC after SEMS placement.
Defining the Term “Elderly” in the Field of Surgery: A Retrospective Study Regarding the Changes in the Immunoinflammatory Indices During the Immediate Perioperative Period of the Elective Uncomplicated Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Izumisawa Yusuke , Morioka Daisuke , Fuse Masahiro , Toyoda Junya , Ohyama Norio , Asano Fumio , Matsuyama Ryusei , Sato Yoshiki , Miura Masaru , Endo Itaru 
Published: May 2020

Backgrounds:
The term “elderly” seems to have been used as “vulnerable to various stresses” but not well defined. To define the “elderly”, we investigated whether the increased age causes unfavorable changes in several immunoinflammatory indices that indicate the increased vulnerability in the surgical field.

Patients and Methods:
One-hundred forty-two patients undergoing an elective-uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy (within 60 min and without intraoperative-cholangiography, bile spillage, or open conversion) were retrospectively investigated. Before surgery, immediately after surgery, and on postoperative day (POD)1, whether the patient age correlated the following variables was examined: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-C-reactive-protein ratio (LCR), C-reactive-protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and others.

Results:
The immunoinflammatory indices most unfavorably changed on POD1. The age correlated neither lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio nor platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio on POD1, when NLR, LCR, and CAR showed the significant correlation with the age. Multiple regression analyses determined the following variables as the independent determinants of these 3 indices on POD1: age, intraoperative minimum body temperature ≥35.5°C (IntMinBT ≥35.5°C), maximum heart rate during POD0-1 (MaxHR) for NLR; age and IntMinBT ≥ 35.5°C for LCR; and age and MaxHR for CAR. The threshold of “elderly” was determined as 102-year-old for NLR, 94-year-old for LCR, and 97-year-old for CAR.

Conclusions:
The increased age causes the unfavorable changes in early postoperative immunoinflammatory indices after the uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thus, the term “elderly” can be rephrased by the term “vulnerable to various surgical stresses.” The thresholds for “elderly” defined herein seem impractical. Namely, the increased vulnerability caused by the aging seems modified by the individual surgical procedures.
Unreported cases for Age Dependent COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan
Authors: Griette Quentin , Magal Pierre , Seydi Ousmane 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate the age structured data for the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan. We consider a mathematical model for the epidemic with unreported infectious patient with and without age structure. In particular, we build a new mathematical model and a new computational method to fit the data by using age classes dependent exponential growth at the early stage of the epidemic. This allows to take into account differences in the response of patients to the disease according to their age. This model also allows for a heterogeneous response of the population to the social distancing measures taken by the local government. We fit this model to the observed data and obtain a snapshot of the effective transmissions occurring inside the population at different times, which indicates where and among whom the disease propagates after the start of public mitigation measures.
Evolution of the COVID Pandemic: A Technique for Mathematical Analysis of Data
Authors: Tennakone K. , DeSilva L. Ajith , Wimalasena K. J. , Welchel Z. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe analysis of COVID-19 statistics in different regions of the world with the intention of understanding the trend of progression of the pandemic is a task of paramount importance. Publicly available data includes cumulative number of cases, new cases each day, and the mortality. Extracting information from this data necessitates mathematical modeling. In this note a simple technique is adopted to determine the trend towards stabilized elimination of the infection, as implicated by saturation of the cumulative number of cases. Results pertaining to several representative regions of the world are presented. In several regions, evidence there to the effect that the pandemic will come to an end. The estimated saturation values of the cumulative numbers are indicated.
Effect of cell size and tethering geometry on rotation rate, torque, and rotational bias ofE.colicells
Authors: Soman Vidhu , Malik Kanishk Singh , Nath Sunil , Elangovan Ravikrishnan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe bacterial flagellum has a rotary motor embedded in its membrane surrounded by stator-units. Torque is generated by electro-steric interactions between rotor and stator-units. Chemotactic signals entail the motor to switch its direction of rotation. However, other factors such as protonmotive force and torque are involved in switching. In this work, we used peritrichously flagellated E.coli that stochastically tethers on surfaces in random geometries and studied how the cell size and position of the rotational axis affect the output of the motor. We developed a Cell Tethering Analysis Program (CTAP) to measure the length of the cells, the axis of rotation, rotational frequency of tethered cells. A D/L ratio (diameter traced by the cell body to the length of the cell body) was used to quantify the location of the rotational axis wherein, a D/L ratio of 1 and 1.9 means the axis of rotation is at the center of the cell body and near the tip of the cell body respectively. We performed experiments in controlled conditions and quantified the effect of cell size and tethering geometry on the output of the flagellar motor. The estimated torque of the tethered cells was 951 pN.nm and 1390 pN.nm for a D/L ratio of ∼1.0 and ∼1.9 respectively. As the torque increased, the motors rotated exclusively in CCW direction. We conclude that quantifying the cell size and tethering geometry is significant to characterize the output of the flagellar motors in a tethered cell assay.
Alteration of menaquinone isoprenoid chain length and antibiotic sensitivity by single amino acid substitution in HepT
Authors: Panthee Suresh , Paudel Atmika , Hamamoto Hiroshi , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Sekimizu Kazuhisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesStaphylococcus aureusSmith strain is a historical strain widely used for research purposes in animal infection models for testing the therapeutic activity of antimicrobial agents. We found that it displayed higher sensitivity towards lysocin E, a menaquinone (MK) targeting antibiotic, compared to otherS. aureusstrains. Therefore, we further explored the mechanism of this hypersensitivity.MethodsMK production was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis.S. aureusSmith genome sequence was completed using a hybrid assembly approach, and the MK biosynthetic genes were compared with otherS. aureusstrains. ThehepTgene was cloned and introduced intoS. aureusRN4220 strain using phage mediated recombination, and lysocin E sensitivity was analyzed by the measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration and colony-forming units.ResultsWe found that Smith strain produced MKs with the length of the side chain ranging between 8 – 10, as opposed to otherS. aureusstrains that produce MKs 7 – 9. We revealed that Smith strain possessed the classical pathway for MK biosynthesis like the otherS. aureus. HepT, a polyprenyl diphosphate synthase involved in chain elongation of isoprenoid, in Smith strain was unique with a Q25P substitution. Introduction ofhepTfrom Smith to RN4220 led to the production of MK-10 and an increased sensitivity towards lysocin E.ConclusionsWe found that HepT was responsible for the definition of isoprenoid chain length of MKs and antibiotic sensitivity.
The decay and persistence of web references
Authors: Loan Fayaz Ahmad , Shah Ufaira Yaseen 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the persistence and decay of uniform resource locator (URLs) associated with Web references. The decaying of Web references is analyzed in relation to their age, domain, technical errors and error codes.

Design/methodology/approach
The Web references of the Journal of Informetrics were selected for analysis and interpretation to fulfill the set objectives. The references of all the scholarly articles, excluding editorials and reviews published in the Journal of Informetrics for five years from 2007 to 2011 were recorded in a text file. Later, the URLs were extracted from the articles to verify their accessibility in terms of persistence and decay. The collected data were then transferred into an excel file and tabulated for further analysis and interpretation using simple statistical techniques.

Findings
The results showed that of the total 7,409 citations retrieved from 221 articles, 358 citations (4.8%) were Web citations. These Web citations were assessed to find their persistence and decay. The results reveal that 115 (32.12%) Web references were missing or dead. The most common error associated with the missing Web citations was Error 404 Page not found, contributing 60% of the total missing citations, followed by 400 Bad Request Error (35.65%). The domain analysis of missing Web citations depicts that most of the missing URLs were associated with the .gov domain (40%), followed by .edu (29.58%) and .com (26.04%).

Research limitations/implications
The Web references of a single journal, namely, Journal of Informetrics, were analyzed for five years, and hence, the generalization of findings needs to be cautioned.

Practical implications
The URL decay is becoming a major problem in the preservation and citation of the Web resources, and collaborative efforts are needed to reduce the decaying of URLs.

Originality/value
A good number of studies have been conducted to analyze the persistence and decay of Web references, as it is the hot topic of research across disciplines, and this study is a step further in the same direction.