bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative risk factors for occurrence of myasthenia gravis after thymectomy in patients with thymoma
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Bin , Zou Jianyong , Su Chunhua , Zhu Haoshuai , Chen Tingfei , Luo Honghe , Chen Zhenguang , Zhang Shuishen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to identify the relationship between clinical characteristics and the occurrence of postoperative myasthenia gravis (PMG) in patients with thymomas and to further identify the relationship between PMG and prognosis.

METHODS
Thymoma patients who had surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between July 2004 and July 2016 were reviewed and those who had no previous symptoms of myasthenia gravis were selected for further investigation. In total, 229 patients were included in the study; their clinical characteristics were gathered and analysed.

RESULTS
Among the 229 patients, 19 (8.3%) had PMG. The time between the operation and the onset of myasthenia gravis was 134 days on average (range 2–730 days). Patients experiencing PMG showed a lower rate of complete thymoma resection (73.7% vs 91.4%; P = 0.014) and total thymectomy (63.2% vs 82.9%; P = 0.035) compared with those who did not. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression revealed that thymomectomy [odds ratio (OR) 2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–7.77; P = 0.047] and incomplete tumour resection (OR 3.79, 95% CI 1.20–11.98; P = 0.023) were associated with the occurrence of PMG. Multivariable Cox regression showed that the PMG was not related to overall survival (P = 0.087).

CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed that incomplete tumour resection and thymomectomy were independent risk factors for PMG in thymoma patients with no previous history of myasthenia gravis.
Simplification to dual therapy containing lamivudine and raltegravir or dolutegravir in HIV-infected patients on virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Calza Leonardo , Colangeli Vincenzo , Borderi Marco , Testi Diletta , Granozzi Bianca , Bon Isabella , Re Maria Carla , Viale Pierluigi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Antiretroviral dual regimens including lamivudine and one boosted PI or dolutegravir are warranted in order to optimize combination ART (cART), prevent long-term toxicity and reduce the cost of treatments.

Objectives
We hypothesized that a maintenance dual regimen of lamivudine plus raltegravir would be effective and as well tolerated as the dual maintenance combination of lamivudine plus dolutegravir.

Methods
We performed an observational, retrospective study of HIV-infected patients on suppressive ART who switched to a dual regimen containing lamivudine 300 mg once daily plus raltegravir 1200 mg once daily or dolutegravir 50 mg once daily.

Results
In total, 109 patients (79 men; mean age 46.4 years; mean CD4+ T lymphocyte count 605 cells/mm3) were enrolled. Overall, 50 subjects switched to lamivudine plus raltegravir (Group A) and 59 to lamivudine plus dolutegravir (Group B). After 12 months, 45 patients (90%) in Group A and 52 (88.1%) in Group B had HIV RNA &lt;20 copies/mL. No patients had severe adverse effects in either group, and the percentages of patients with mild adverse effects were comparable, except for a higher incidence of headache and sleeping disturbances in Group B than in Group A (30.5% versus 14%, P &lt; 0.001). A comparable and non-significant weight increase was reported in both groups (+1.91 kg in Group A and +2.28 kg in Group B).

Conclusions
In our study, dual therapies containing lamivudine plus raltegravir or dolutegravir in virologically suppressed patients showed high and comparable efficacy, as well as good tolerability.
Measuring antimicrobial prescribing quality in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) services: development and evaluation of a dedicated national antimicrobial prescribing survey
Authors: Friedman N Deborah , Lim Seok M , James Rodney , Ingram Robyn , O’Reilly Mary , Pollard James G D , Koning Sonia , George Catherine , Rajkhowa Arjun , Johnson Douglas F , Buising Kirsty L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial stewardship programmes are important in driving safety and quality of antimicrobial prescribing. The National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (NAPS) is a point-prevalence audit of inpatient antimicrobial prescribing in Australian hospitals.ObjectivesTo design and adapt the NAPS tool for use in the outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) and hospital-in-the-home (HITH) setting.MethodsAn inter-disciplinary working group with expertise in OPAT and HITH services was established to adapt the NAPS template for use in the OPAT setting—called HITH-NAPS. This was initially trialled in 5 HITH services, subsequently adapted following participant feedback, then offered nationally to 50 services in 2017.ResultsThere were 1154 prescriptions for 715 patients audited via the HITH-NAPS. The most common antimicrobials prescribed were cefazolin (22%), flucloxacillin (12%), piperacillin/tazobactam (10%) and ceftriaxone (10%). The most common infections treated were cellulitis (30%) and respiratory tract infections (14%). Eighty-seven percent of prescriptions were assessed as appropriate, 11% inappropriate and 2% not assessable. Prolonged durations of antimicrobials and unnecessarily broad-spectrum antibiotics were used in 9% of prescriptions.ConclusionsThe HITH-NAPS pilot project revealed that auditing of this type is feasible in HITH. It showed that antibiotic use in these HITH services was generally appropriate, but there are some areas for improvement. A national OPAT/HITH-NAPS can facilitate benchmarking between services, identify potentially inappropriate prescribing and help guide quality improvement.
Where Is the Value of Laboratory Medicine and How Do You Unlock It?
Authors: Price Christopher P , McGinley Patrick , St John Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The innovation pathway by which a newly discovered biomarker is developed into a medical test and used in routine clinical practice comprises a number of different processes split between 2 phases. The first follows on from biomarker discovery and involves the development of a robust analytical method, the accumulation of evidence to show its clinical and cost-effectiveness, and then adoption into clinical pathways. The second phase is one of implementation and sustainability, with active performance management to ensure that the test continues to deliver the benefits promised at the time of its adoption.

Content
To date there has been much more emphasis on the first phase of discovery and accumulation of evidence to demonstrate effectiveness. Insufficient attention has been paid to the second phase of translating that evidence into routine practice, with little real-world evidence to demonstrate the benefits to all of the stakeholders involved in delivering and receiving care. Changes in healthcare that include a move away from activity-based costing to a more value-based approach require more attention be paid to what happens after a test is adopted, including an understanding of the clinical pathway, the stakeholders within that pathway, and the benefits and “disbenefits” that accrue to these stakeholders.

Summary
The value proposition provides a guide for successful implementation of a test. Although it can address both adoption and implementation, it highlights that the requirements for test implementation are quite different to those of adoption, with an emphasis on real-world evidence and outcomes.
Effects of feeding increasing levels of iron from iron sulfate or iron carbonate on nursery pig growth performance and hematological criteria
Authors: Williams Hayden E , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Dritz Steven S , Tokach Michael D , Fry Robert S , Kocher Matt E , Usry James L , Goodband Robert D 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA total of 140 weanling pigs (241 × 600, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 5.5 ± 0.79 kg body weight) were used in a 32-d study evaluating the effects of increasing dietary Fe from either iron sulfate (FeSO4) or iron carbonate (FeCO3) on nursery pig growth performance and blood Fe status. The pigs used for this trial did not receive an Fe injection after birth in order to increase the sensitivity to added dietary Fe after weaning. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d and allotted to pens based on the initial weight in a completely randomized block design with five pigs in each pen and four pens per treatment. Experimental treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial with main effects of dietary Fe source (FeSO4 vs. FeCO3) and level (10, 30, or 50 mg/kg of added Fe) plus a negative control with no additional dietary Fe. The basal diet contained 40 mg/kg total dietary Fe based on ingredient contributions and was formulated with an Fe-free trace mineral premix. Experimental diets were formulated below the pigs recommended Fe requirement based on NRC (2012) estimates. Experimental diets were fed in pellet form in a single phase for the duration of the trial. From day 0 to 32, there was no evidence for source × level interactions for growth performance, hemoglobin (Hb), or hematocrit (Hct) values. There was no evidence for a difference (P &gt; 0.10) in dietary Fe source. Providing increasing Fe levels in the diet from either FeSO4 or FeCO3 improved (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain, average daily feed intake, gain-to-feed ratio, and increased (P &lt; 0.05) Hb and Hct values. A day effect (P = 0.001) was observed for both Hb and Hct with values increasing throughout the study. Increasing dietary Fe levels in the diet from either FeSO4 or FeCO3 increased (linear; P &lt; 0.05) Hb and Hct values on days 14, 21, and 32. In summary, these data suggest that the micronized form of FeCO3 is a source of Fe that can be added to nursery diets to yield similar responses to those observed from FeSO4 supplementation. Similar to previous research, increasing dietary Fe improved the growth performance and increased Hb and Hct values when pigs have low Fe status at weaning.
Samuel Smith and Judicial Review of Policy Interpretation: A Middle Way in the Law and Policy Divide
Authors: Ruiz-Tagle Samuel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This analysis explores new developments in judicial review of planning policy interpretation. It shows how the nature of policy, often contextual and judgment-dependent, has led the UK Supreme Court to rethink the standard of review applicable to this issue. By considering the recent decision in Samuel Smith as part of a trilogy of cases—including Tesco Stores and Hopkins Homes—this analysis reveals a change in judicial attitudes, away from the expansive judicial supervision upheld in Tesco Stores. Furthermore, this study reflects on how this change is related to two wider ideas. The first is the Court’s understanding of the law and policy divide in the planning field, whilst the second is to do with a pragmatic stance regarding the purpose of the planning system and the institutional role of the courts in it. Finally, this analysis shows how the new approach emphasises the distinctive character of policy in the planning context.
Vernacular Practice, Gendered Tensions, and Interpretive Ambivalence in Hindu Death, Deification, and Domestication Narratives†
Authors: Allocco Amy L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on a Tamil Hindu woman named Aaru, who embodied the Goddess in possession performances from age thirteen, resisted marriage through her twenties, and committed suicide at twenty--nine. Grounded in ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with Aaru and her family conducted between 2006 and 2019, it analyses narratives concerning her untimely death, subsequent deification, and eventual domestication as a pūvāṭaikkāri. It highlights the hermeneutical challenges associated with three intersecting spheres: the dominant categories that shape the scholarly understanding of Hinduism; vernacular Hinduism as revealed in Aaru’s complex story; and the ethnographic research and writing process. I resist an arbitrary resolution of the gaps and seeming inconsistencies that abound in these accounts, arguing instead that we can enlarge and nuance our understandings of matters as diverse as ritual relationships with the dead, the nature of Tamil family deities, and the gendered tensions of the contemporary moment if we hold space for multiple interpretive possibilities. Indeed, Aaru’s case offers us significant resources for a fuller, more inclusive appreciation of the textures of vernacular Hinduism – Hinduism as it is experienced, lived, and practiced in particular places and contexts – and compels us to consider the limitations of prevailing interpretive paradigms and the fragmental and shifting nature of ethnographic knowledge.
Study of galaxies on large-scale filaments in simulations
Authors: Singh Ankit , Mahajan Smriti , Bagla Jasjeet Singh 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We use data from the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies in their Environment (eagle) cosmological simulation to study properties of galaxies in the cosmic web. Galaxies become more redder and form stars at a lower rate relative to their counterparts further away from the cylindrical axis of the large-scale filaments. These trends are particularly strong for galaxies with M*/M⊙ ≲ 1010. We also find that at distances &lt;0.5 Mpc from the spine of the filaments, the median gas and stellar mass fraction in filament galaxies rises sharply with decreasing distance from the spine of the filament. These results, together with matching trends in the SFR/M* and the g − r colour of filament galaxies suggest that (i) the intrafilamentary gas condenses into the filament galaxies thus fuelling star formation in them, and (ii) increased number density of galaxies closer to the central axis of the filament enhances the rate of gravitational interactions among filament galaxies closer to the spine.
A neutron star–white dwarf binary model for periodically active fast radio burst sources
Authors: Gu Wei-Min , Yi Tuan , Liu Tong 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We propose a compact binary model with an eccentric orbit to explain periodically active fast radio burst (FRB) sources, where the system consists of a neutron star (NS) with strong dipolar magnetic fields and a magnetic white dwarf (WD). In our model, the WD fills its Roche lobe at periastron, and mass transfer occurs from the WD to the NS around this point. The accreted material may be fragmented into a number of parts, which arrive at the NS at different times. The fragmented magnetized material may trigger magnetic reconnection near the NS surface. The electrons can be accelerated to an ultrarelativistic speed, and therefore the curvature radiation of the electrons can account for the burst activity. In this scenario, the duty cycle of burst activity is related to the orbital period of the binary. We show that such a model may work for duty cycles roughly from 10 min to 2 d. For the recently reported 16.35-d periodicity of FRB 180916.J0158 + 65, our model does not naturally explain such a long duty cycle, since an extremely high eccentricity (e &gt; 0.95) is required.
A population analysis of pulse broadening in ASKAP fast radio bursts
Authors: Qiu Hao , Shannon Ryan M , Farah Wael , Macquart Jean-Pierre , Deller Adam T , Bannister Keith W , James Clancy W , Flynn Chris , Day Cherie K , Bhandari Shivani , Murphy Tara 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The pulse morphology of fast radio bursts (FRBs) provides key information in both understanding progenitor physics and the plasma medium through which the burst propagates. We present a study of the profiles of 33 bright FRBs detected by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder. We identify seven FRBs with measureable intrinsic pulse widths, including two FRBs that have been seen to repeat. In our modest sample, we see no evidence for bimodality in the pulse width distribution. We also identify five FRBs with evidence of millisecond time-scale pulse broadening caused by scattering in inhomogeneous plasma. We find no evidence for a relationship between pulse broadening and extragalactic dispersion measure. The scattering could be either caused by extreme turbulence in the host galaxy or chance propagation through foreground galaxies. With future high time resolution observations and detailed study of host galaxy properties, we may be able to probe line-of-sight turbulence on gigaparsec scales.
Deep learning for strong lensing search: tests of the convolutional neural networks and new candidates from KiDS DR3
Authors: He Zizhao , Er Xinzhong , Long Qian , Liu Dezi , Liu Xiangkun , Li Ziwei , Liu Yun , Deng Wenqaing , Fan Zuhui 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Convolutional neural networks have been successfully applied in searching for strong lensing systems, leading to discoveries of new candidates from large surveys. On the other hand, systematic investigations about their robustness are still lacking. In this paper, we first construct a neutral network, and apply it to r-band images of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) of the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS) Data Release 3 to search for strong lensing systems. We build two sets of training samples, one fully from simulations, and the other one using the LRG stamps from KiDS observations as the foreground lens images. With the former training sample, we find 48 high probability candidates after human inspection, and among them, 27 are newly identified. Using the latter training set, about 67 per cent of the aforementioned 48 candidates are also found, and there are 11 more new strong lensing candidates identified. We then carry out tests on the robustness of the network performance with respect to the variation of PSF. With the testing samples constructed using PSF in the range of 0.4–2 times of the median PSF of the training sample, we find that our network performs rather stable, and the degradation is small. We also investigate how the volume of the training set can affect our network performance by varying it from 0.1 to 0.8 million. The output results are rather stable showing that within the considered range, our network performance is not very sensitive to the volume size.
AstroSat and MAXI view of the black hole binary 4U 1630−472 during 2016 and 2018 outbursts
Authors: Baby Blessy E , Agrawal V K , Ramadevi M C , Katoch Tilak , Antia H M , Mandal Samir , Nandi Anuj 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We present an in-depth spectral and timing analysis of the black hole binary 4U 1630−472 during 2016 and 2018 outbursts as observed by AstroSat and MAXI. The extensive coverage of the outbursts with MAXI is used to obtain the hardness intensity diagram (HID). The source follows a ‘c’-shaped profile in agreement with earlier findings. Based on the HIDs of previous outbursts, we attempt to track the evolution of the source during a ‘super’-outburst and ‘mini’-outbursts. We model the broad-band energy spectra (0.7–20.0 keV) of AstroSat observations of both outbursts using phenomenological and physical models. No Keplerian disc signature is observed at the beginning of 2016 outburst. However, the disc appears within a few hours after which it remains prominent with temperature (Tin) ∼ 1.3 keV and increase in photon index (Γ) from 1.8 to 2.0, whereas the source was at a disc dominant state throughout the AstroSat campaign of 2018 outburst. Based on the HIDs and spectral properties, we classify the outbursts into three different states – the ‘canonical’ hard and soft states along with an intermediate state. Evolution of rms along different states is seen although no quasi-periodic oscillations are detected. We fit the observed spectra using a dynamical accretion model and estimate the accretion parameters. Mass of the black hole is estimated using inner disc radius, bolometric luminosity, and two-component flow model to be 3–9 M⊙. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of our findings.
A new model for including galactic winds in simulations of galaxy formation – I. Introducing the Physically Evolved Winds (PhEW) model
Authors: Huang Shuiyao , Katz Neal , Scannapieco Evan , Cottle J'Neil , Davé Romeel , Weinberg David H , Peeples Molly S , Brüggen Marcus 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The propagation and evolution of cold galactic winds in galactic haloes is crucial to galaxy formation models. However, modelling of this process in hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation is oversimplified owing to a lack of numerical resolution and often neglects critical physical processes such as hydrodynamic instabilities and thermal conduction. We propose an analytic model, Physically Evolved Winds, that calculates the evolution of individual clouds moving supersonically through a uniform ambient medium. Our model reproduces predictions from very high resolution cloud-crushing simulations that include isotropic thermal conduction over a wide range of physical conditions. We discuss the implementation of this model into cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation as a subgrid prescription to model galactic winds more robustly both physically and numerically.
Dual roles of yeast Rad51 N-terminal domain in repairing DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Woo Tai-Ting , Chuang Chi-Ning , Higashide Mika , Shinohara Akira , Wang Ting-Fang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHighly toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) readily trigger the DNA damage response (DDR) in cells, which delays cell cycle progression to ensure proper DSB repair. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mitotic S phase (20–30 min) is lengthened upon DNA damage. During meiosis, Spo11-induced DSB onset and repair lasts up to 5 h. We report that the NH2-terminal domain (NTD; residues 1–66) of Rad51 has dual functions for repairing DSBs during vegetative growth and meiosis. Firstly, Rad51-NTD exhibits autonomous expression-enhancing activity for high-level production of native Rad51 and when fused to exogenous β-galactosidase in vivo. Secondly, Rad51-NTD is an S/T-Q cluster domain (SCD) harboring three putative Mec1/Tel1 target sites. Mec1/Tel1-dependent phosphorylation antagonizes the proteasomal degradation pathway, increasing the half-life of Rad51 from ∼30 min to ≥180 min. Our results evidence a direct link between homologous recombination and DDR modulated by Rad51 homeostasis.