bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-3 Ameliorates Acute Lung Injury in a Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation: Roles of p38MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Bai Jing , Bai Yang , Wang Xu-Peng , Zheng Wei-Chao , Zhang Li-Min 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
It was reported that carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) administration immediately after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR) ameliorates the HSR-induced acute lung injury (ALI); however, the specific mechanism of the protective effects against HSR-induced ALI remains unclear.

Methods:
To induce hemorrhagic shock, rats were bled to a mean arterial blood pressure of 30 mm Hg for 45 min and then resuscitated with shed blood via the left vein. CORM-3 (4 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg) was respectively administrated after HSR. Twelve  hours post-HSR, lung injury was assessed by wet/dry (W/D) ratio, hematoxylin-eosin staining staining, and lung ultrasound; the apoptotic and pyroptotic macrophages were measured by immunofluorescence staining; and the expression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) and total p38MAPK was measured by western blotting. SB203580 (5 mg/kg), a special inhibitor of p-p38MAPK, was administrated by abdominal cavity to assess the roles of p38MAPK in HSR-induced ALI.

Results:
Increased B-line score, lung injury score, and W/D ratio indicated the fact of ALI after HSR. Twelve hours post-HSR, CORM-3 administration significantly decreased the B-line score, lung injury score, W/D ratio, apoptotic and pyroptotic macrophages, and the expressions of p-p38MAPK. Further, SB203580 not only reduced HSR-induced ALI, but also enhanced the protective effects of CORM-3 against ALI.

Conclusion:
We identified the protective effects of CORM-3 against HSR-induced ALI. The mechanism might be related to the inhibition of p38MAPK signaling pathway in lung macrophages.
Stigma Associated With Pelvic Floor Disorders
Authors: Cox Caroline K. , Schimpf Megan O. , Berger Mitchell B. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives
Although the impact of stigma is known for women with urinary incontinence, it has not been well studied among the full spectrum of pelvic floor disorders. This study quantifies the level of stigma among women presenting for urogynecologic care and tests the hypothesis that stigma related to pelvic floor disorders results in a delay in care seeking for these problems.

Methods
Women presenting for new patient visits (N = 523) in university medical center–based urogynecology clinics completed 2 anonymous questionnaires (Stigma Scale for Chronic Illnesses 8-item version and Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire) before their visit. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the distributions of stigma scores. Logistic regression was used to model factors associated with a delay in seeking care. Spearman correlation was used to determine whether there was an association between stigma and bother scores.

Results
Median stigma score was significantly higher for those presenting with complaints of urine leakage (P = 0.015), accidental bowel leakage (P < 0.001), and constipation (P < 0.001) compared with women without these symptoms. Women presenting with accidental bowel leakage had the highest median stigma score, and those presenting with pelvic organ prolapse had the lowest. Total stigma score had a moderately positive correlation (r = 0.5, P < 0.001) with bother score. In a logistic regression model, higher stigma score was associated with a decreased likelihood of waiting 1 year or more to seek care (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.86–0.98).

Conclusions
Pelvic floor disorders carry varying levels of stigma. Women who feel more stigmatized by pelvic floor disorders seem to seek care earlier.
Mesh Complication Rates Following Pelvic Radiation Therapy in Women With History of Synthetic Midurethral Sling Implantation
Authors: Painter Caitlyn E. , Geynisman-Tan Julia , Samant Navendu , Postlethwaite Debbie , Ramm Olga 
Published: October 2020

Objective
To estimate the risk of mesh complications in women with and without subsequent pelvic and abdominal radiation therapy (RT).

Methods
We identified women within a large health care organization who underwent mesh-augmented surgery for pelvic floor disorders between 2008 and 2014 and subsequently received RT prior to 2018. We compared them to a randomly selected group of women who underwent similar mesh-augmented pelvic reconstructive surgery without RT in a 1:4 ratio. Mesh complications were identified through chart review corroborated with the ninth and tenth revisions of the International Classification of Diseases and Current Procedural Terminology codes for mesh complications. Mesh complications between groups were compared using survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
We identified 36 women with RT and compared them with 144 women without RT. Indications for mesh implantation and concomitant vaginal procedures were similar between the groups. The majority of mesh implants (94.4%) were midurethral slings. Twelve mesh complications (6.7%) were identified, with similar rates in the RT (8.3%) and no-RT (6.2%) groups (P = 0.65). The risk of mesh complications did not differ between groups when compared using the Cox proportional hazards model, controlling for age, body mass index, diabetes, menopausal status, and smoking (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.802–1.787).

Conclusions
There was no difference in the occurrence of mesh-related complications between women with and without RT. Abdominopelvic RT may not substantially increase the risk of mesh complications following placement of a synthetic sling for stress urinary incontinence. The need for future RT may only be a minor factor in counseling patients on the risks of mesh implants for pelvic floor disorders.
Effect of Initial Prednisone Dosing on Ocular Myasthenia Gravis Control
Authors: Shah Yesha S. , Henderson Amanda D. , Carey Andrew R. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Ocular myasthenia is an autoimmune condition that results in double vision or ptosis. It often requires treatment with prednisone for immunosuppression, but there have been no prospective trials to help clinicians determine ideal dosing.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study comparing myasthenia symptom control at 1 month between patients treated with a maximum daily equivalent dose of prednisone less than 20 mg (low-dose group) vs 20 mg or more (medium-dose group).

Results:
Thirty-nine patients were identified: 19 patients in the low-dose group with mean maximum daily dose of 10 mg and 20 patients in the medium-dose group with a mean maximum daily dose of 29 mg. The low-dose group had 75% controlled or significantly improved at 1 month, and the medium-dose group had 74% controlled or significantly improved at 1 month, P = 0.94. The overall seropositivity rate was 64%, with 84% of the antibody-positive group being controlled or significantly improved at 1 month and 57% of the antibody-negative group being controlled or significantly improved at 1 month, P = 0.07, and no difference in prednisone dosing between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
Based on the results of this small retrospective study, it seems initial treatment for ocular myasthenia gravis with a mean maximum daily prednisone dose of 10 mg is similarly effective compared with mean maximum daily dose of 29 mg for control at 1 month.
Gazing Into the Crystal Ball: Calciphylaxis Causing Striking Retinal Vascular Calcification, Ocular Ischemic Syndrome, Crystalline Retinopathy, and Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Cherayil Neena R. , Scoles Drew , Moran Anna M. , Elder David E. , Tamhankar Madhura A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
A 72-year-old woman with membranous glomerulonephritis and failed renal transplant on peritoneal dialysis presented with bilateral vision loss. She reported several months of diminishing right eye vision that worsened after cataract extraction. On presentation, visual acuity was hand motion in the right and 20/100 in the left eye with a right afferent pupillary defect. Confrontation visual fields were constricted bilaterally. Intraocular pressure was 23 in the right eye, and there was diffuse right eye central corneal opacity with iris neovascularization. Fundus examination revealed bilateral pale optic nerves with cotton wool spot inferior to the left optic disc and diffuse arteriolar whitening with crystalline deposits in the left macula. Given fundus appearance, concurrent ischemic optic neuropathy, and ocular ischemic syndrome, ocular calciphylaxis was suspected. The patient reported development of painful gluteal nodules a month prior, and biopsy revealed calcinosis cutis, a dermatopathologic finding on the spectrum of calcific vasculitides. Her vision continued to decline in both eyes with left eye vision of 20/400. Intravenous sodium thiosulfate through hemodialysis was started with initial improvement in left eye vision to 20/125, but subsequently declined despite treatment. Pathogenesis of systemic calciphylaxis is poorly understood but believed to result from upregulation of osteogenesis and decreased inhibition of vascular calcification in parathyroid axis dyscrasias due to end-stage renal disease. Excess serum calcium-phosphate deposits in blood vessels causing tissue infarction, most commonly in the skin. Prior case reports have described ischemic optic neuropathy mimicking giant cell arteritis and crystalline retinopathy with ocular ischemic syndrome separately. Treatment with empiric intravenous sodium thiosulfate and calcium chelation may preserve vision in some patients.
Compressive Optic Disc Edema and Contralateral Papilledema: Type 2 Foster Kennedy Variant Syndrome
Authors: Zehden Jason , Harish Bindiganavile Shruthi , Bhat Nita , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
A 43-year-old woman presented with progressive anosmia, self-neglect, and lethargy for 1 year. Brain MRI demonstrated a mass that was compressing the optic nerve in the right eye and had a significant mass effect and cerebral edema producing increased intracranial pressure. Examination revealed the patient to have a variant of Foster Kennedy syndrome involving ipsilateral compressive optic neuropathy with superimposed optic disc edema and contralateral papilledema.
BCG vaccination induces enhanced frequencies of memory T and B cells and dendritic cell subsets in elderly individuals
Authors: Kumar Nathella Pavan , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran , Rajamanickam Anuradha , Bhavani Perumal Kannabiran , Nancy Arul , Jayadeepa Bharathi , Selveraj Nandhini , Kumar Dinesh , Renji Rachel Mariam , Venkataramani Vijayalakshmi , Tripathy Srikanth , Babu Subash 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBCG vaccination is known to induce innate immune memory, which confers protection against heterologous infections. However, the effect of BCG vaccination on the conventional innate and adaptive immune cells subsets is not well characterized.MethodsWe investigated the impact of BCG vaccination on the frequencies of T cell, B cell, monocyte and dendritic cell subsets as well as total antibody levels in a group of healthy elderly individuals (age 60-80 years) at one month post vaccination as part of our clinical study to examine the effect of BCG on COVID-19.ResultsOur results demonstrate that BCG vaccination induced enhanced frequencies of central and effector memory CD4+ T cells and diminished frequencies of naïve, transitional memory, stem cell memory CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells. In addition, BCG vaccination induced enhanced frequencies of central, effector and terminal effector memory CD8+ T cells and diminished frequencies of naïve, transitional memory and stem cell memory CD8+T cells. BCG vaccination also induced enhanced frequencies of immature, classical and activated memory B cells and plasma cells and diminished frequencies of naïve and atypical memory B cells. While BCG vaccination did not induce significant alterations in monocytes subsets, it induced increased frequencies of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs. Finally, BCG vaccination resulted in elevated levels of all antibody isotypes.ConclusionsBCG vaccination was associated with enhanced innate and adaptive memory cell subsets, as well as total antibody levels in elderly individuals, suggesting its potential utility in SARS-Cov2 infection by enhancing heterologous immunity.
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific Th22 cells and the effect of tuberculosis disease and HIV co-infection
Authors: Makatsa Mohau S. , Omondi F. Millicent A. , Bunjun Rubina , Wilkinson Robert J. , Riou Catherine , Burgers Wendy A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe development of a highly effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is likely dependent on our understanding of what constitutes a protective immune response to TB. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD4+ T cells producing IL-22, a distinct subset termed ‘Th22’ cells, may contribute to protective immunity to TB. Thus, we characterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific Th22 (and Th1 and Th17) cells in 72 individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) or TB disease, with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. We investigated the functional properties (IFN-γ, IL-22 and IL-17 production), memory differentiation (CD45RA, CD27 and CCR7) and activation profile (HLA-DR) of Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells. In HIV-uninfected individuals with LTBI, we detected abundant IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells (median: 0.93%) and IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells (median: 0.46%) in response to Mtb. The frequency of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells was much lower, at a median of 0.06%. Consistent with previous studies, IL-22 was produced by a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells and not co-expressed with IL-17. Mtb-specific IL-22 responses were markedly reduced (median: 0.08%) in individuals with TB disease and HIV co-infection compared to IFN-γ responses. Mtb-specific Th22 cells exhibited a distinct memory and activation phenotype compared to Th1 and Th17 cells. Furthermore, Mtb-specific IL-22 was produced by conventional CD4+ T cells that required T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. In conclusion, we confirm that Th22 cells contribute substantially to the immune response to TB. Depletion of Mtb-specific Th22 cells during HIV co-infection may contribute to increased risk of TB disease.
Quantifying Geographic Heterogeneity in TB Incidence and the Potential Impact of Geographically Targeted Interventions in South and North City Corporations of Dhaka, Bangladesh: A model-based Study
Authors: Shrestha Sourya , Reja Mehdi , Gomes Isabella , Baik Yeonsoo , Pennington Jeffrey , Islam Shamiul , Faisel Abu Jamil , Cordon Oscar , Roy Tapash , Suarez Pedro G. , Hussain Hamidah , Dowdy David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn rapidly growing, high burden urban centers, identifying tuberculosis (TB) transmission hotspots and understanding potential impact of interventions can inform future control and prevention strategies.MethodsUsing data on local demography, TB reports, and patient reporting patterns in Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) and Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Bangladesh, between 2010 and 2017, we developed maps of TB reporting rates across wards in DSCC and DNCC and identified wards with high rates of reported TB (i.e. “hotspots”) in DSCC and DNCC. We developed ward-level transmission models and estimated the potential epidemiological impact of three TB interventions: active case finding (ACF), mass preventive therapy (PT), and a combination of ACF and PT, implemented either citywide or targeted to high-incidence hotspots.ResultsThere was substantial geographic heterogeneity in the estimated TB incidence in both DSCC and DNCC: incidence in the highest-incidence wards was over ten times higher than in the lowest-incidence wards in each city corporation. ACF, PT and combined ACF plus PT delivered to 10% of the population reduced TB incidence by a projected 7-9%, 13-15%, and 19-23% over five years, respectively. Targeting TB hotspots increased the projected reduction in TB incidence achieved by each intervention 1.4- to 1.8-fold.ConclusionsThe geographical pattern of TB notifications suggests high levels of ongoing TB transmission in DSCC and DNCC, with substantial heterogeneity at the ward level. Interventions that reduce transmission are likely to be highly effective, and incorporating notification data at the local level can further improve intervention efficiency.
Deinbollia onanae(Sapindaceae), a new, Endangered, montane tree species from the Cameroon Highlands
Authors: Cheek Martin , Onana Jean Michel 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDeinbollia onanae(Sapindaceae-Litchi clade) is here formally named and characterised as a new species to science, previously known asDeinbollia sp. 2. Cameroon has the highest species-diversity and species endemism known in this African-Western Indian Ocean genus of 42 species.Deinbollia onanaeis an infrequent tree species known from five locations in surviving islands of montane (or upper submontane) forest along the line of the Cameroon Highlands. It is here assessed as Endangered according to the IUCN 2012 standard, threatened mainly by clearance of forest for agriculture. The majority of tree species characteristic of montane forest (above 2000 m alt.) in the Cameroon Highlands are also widespread in East African mountains (i.e. are Afromontane).Deinbollia onanaeis one of only a very small number of species that are endemic (globally restricted to) the mountain range. It is postulated that this new species is in a sister relationship withDeinbollia oreophila,which is a frequent species of a lower (submontane) altitudinal band of the same range. It is further postulated that seed dispersal is or was by frugivorous birds, potentially turacos, alternatively by primates such as Preuss s monkey.
Activity of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate to inhibitAsergillus ochraceuson culture media and detoxification of ochratoxin A in poultry diet
Authors: Hussein Halima Z. , Al-Baldawy Mneer Saed , Hamed Rakib. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe study was conducted to evaluate the activity of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate to inhibitAspergillus ochraceuson culture media and reduce ochra toxin A in poultry diet. It was found that addition of acetic acid into PDA medium 0.2%, 0.5% and 4% could reduce Aochraceusgrowth by 90.22%, 98.77and 100%, respectively. Similar reduction inA ochraceusgrowth was obtained on PDA containing sodium bicarbonate that attained to 81%, 91.5%, and 100% at 4%, 2% and 5% concentrations, respectively. Results showed that addition of acetic acid at 0.5% and sodium bicarbonate at 1% could reduce ochre A mycotoxin by 65.7% and 43.6%, respectively in the first month and then reached to 100% in the second month for the two compounds.
A novel equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 inhibitor alleviates Tau-mediated neurodegeneration
Authors: Chang Ching-Pang , Chang Ya-Gin , Chuang Pei-Yun , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh , Chou Fang-Yi , Cheng Sin-Jhong , Chen Hui-Mei , Jin Lee-Way , Carvalho Kevin , Huin Vincent , Buée Luc , Blum David , Liao Yung-Feng , Lin Chun-Jung , Chern Yijuang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTau hyperphosphorylation favors the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and triggers the gradual loss of neuronal functions in tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, we demonstrated that chronic treatment with an inhibitor (J4) of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), which plays a critical role in controlling adenosine homeostasis and purine metabolism in the brain, exerted beneficial effects in a mouse model of tauopathy (Thy-Tau22, Tau22). Chronic treatment with J4 improved spatial memory deficits, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic plasticity impairment, and gliosis. Immunofluorescence assays showed that J4 not only reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation but also normalized the reduction in mitochondrial mass and suppressed the abnormal activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a pathogenic feature that is also observed in the brains of patients with tauopathies. Given that AMPK is an important energy sensor, our findings suggest that energy dysfunction is associated with tauopathy and that J4 may exert its protective effect by improving energy homeostasis. Bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed that J4 also mitigated immune signature associated with Tau pathology including C1q upregulation and A1 astrocyte markers. Collectively, our findings suggest that identifying strategies for normalizing energy and neuroimmune dysfunctions in tauopathies through adenosinergic signaling modulation may pave the way for the development of treatments for Alzheimer’s disease.
Heavily burned wood from wildfires is less likely to provide functionality in streams
Authors: Vaz Pedro Gonçalves , Merten Eric C. , Robinson Christopher T. , Pinto Paulo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreasingly severe forest fires are recruiting more heavily burned wood into streams. Wood affects every ecological and physical process in streams differently throughout seasons. However, little is known about the seasonality of wood functions in fire-prone biomes and how it combines with wood burning level to guide future postfire restoration efforts.Through an extensive three-year seasonal tracking of stream wood following forest fires in central Portugal, we examined for the first time the influence of burning level, season, and a large suite of driving factors on the likelihood of each of four functions with primary ecological consequences — retention of organic matter, serving as substrate for aquatic biota, being key pieces forming wood jams, and deflecting flow including pool habitat formation.Our results strongly support that one of the main ecological functions of wood in rivers, i.e. to provide substrate for biological organisms — namely for vegetation, periphyton, biofilms, and ovipositions — can be negatively affected in heavily burned wood.Except for jam formation, the probability of each stream wood function changed markedly with season and the probability of non-function was nearly twice as high in the Euro-Mediterranean dry as in the wet season.More anchored and decayed wood increased the probability of all functions, whereas the effect of submergence depended on the function. Challenging the “size paradigm” assuming larger-sized pieces to provide more function, our data suggest the effect of size to be function-specific.Synthesis and applications. We show how postfire restoration success can be maximized by selecting the most appropriate wood, taking advantage of attribute-function relationships and choosing the right timing for operations. We urge managers to refrain from removing wood or to selectively remove the most heavily carbonized only, allowing the persistence of great potential to provide substrate for stream biota. The non-attraction of heavily burned wood as substrate can be compensated for by other wood with attributes enhancing this function, such as wood deeper within the bankfull area, and with large diameters. These results help to inform successful management, as is increasingly asked from restoration ecology.