bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful liver transplantation in short telomere syndromes without bone marrow failure due to DKC1 mutation
Authors: del Brío Castillo Rodrigo , Bleesing Jacob , McCormick Thomas , Squires James E. , Mazariegos George V. , Squires Judy , McKiernan Patrick J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractShort telomere syndromes are a heterogenous spectrum of disorders leading to premature cellular aging. These may involve bone marrow failure, adult‐onset idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and liver disease, and classical entities such as dyskeratosis congenita. We report a patient who presented with common variable immunodeficiency at 3 years of age and autoimmune cytopenias at 8 years of age. He was found to have short telomeres, and genetic testing confirmed a hemizygous mutation NM_001363.4: c.‐142C > G in DKC1 gene. He subsequently developed cirrhosis with severe portal hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome, prompting liver transplantation at 11 years of age. He remains well 10 years after transplant with no progression of bone marrow failure or progressive lung disease. In conclusion, short telomere syndromes should be considered as a potential cause of pediatric liver disease of unknown etiology, and in severe cases, isolated liver transplantation may be both appropriate and successful.
The neurophysiological correlates of the triarchic model of psychopathy: An approach to the basic mechanisms of threat conditioning and inhibitory control
Authors: Paiva Tiago O. , Almeida Pedro R. , Coelho Rui C. , Pasion Rita , Barbosa Fernando , Ferreira‐Santos Fernando , Bastos‐Leite António J. , Marques‐Teixeira João 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe psychopathic traits boldness, meanness, and disinhibition are theorized to be underlined by trait fearlessness and externalizing vulnerability as etiologic neurobiological processes. However, little is known about the neurophysiological correlates of these traits. In this work, we explored how the three traits are associated with event‐related potential (ERP) components targeted at the etiological processes in a partial delayed threat conditioning task and in a go/no‐go task. Fifty community‐dwelling volunteers (25 women), without history of neurological or psychiatric conditions, were recruited and assessed for psychopathic traits using the triarchic psychopathy measure. Participants performed a threat conditioning task, and a go/no‐go task while undergoing an electroencephalography recording. Results from the threat conditioning task showed that boldness was significantly associated with reduced late positive potential. Concerning the go/no‐go task, disinhibition was significantly associated with reduced error‐related negativity ERP component. Overall, distinct psychopathic traits were found to be associated with distinct neurophysiological correlates of threat conditioning and response inhibition. This is consistent with models of psychopathy entailing trait fearlessness and externalizing proneness, and related brain mechanisms, as distinct processes underlying the expression of psychopathic traits.
Soil and geologic formations as antidotes for CO2 sequestration?
Authors: Wang Lei , Sarkar Binoy , Sonne Christian , Ok Yong Sik , Tsang Daniel C. W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRapid and far‐reaching transitions are required to combat climate change and its impacts. Carbon capture and storage within mineral deposits is a promising solution to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. In‐situ geological storage and ex‐situ mineral sequestration are practically sufficient for sequestering all the anthropogenic CO2. Recent research reports that more than 95% of injected CO2 was mineralized into carbonates in two years by using in‐situ geological approach, and mining wastes and secondary minerals were recycled as resources for ex‐situ CO2 sequestration. However, geological activity is the major risk of in‐situ storage, while high energy consumption and associated cost may limit the application of ex‐situ carbonation. Significant technical breakthroughs of mineral and geological CO2 sequestration are therefore of vital importance to realize a “net‐zero CO2 emissions” and even “carbon‐negative” society.
Tile‐based polygon overlay of vector data in a virtual globe
Authors: Zhou Mengyun , Wang Lizhe , Chen Xiaoyu , Wu Si , Li Huawei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe demand for analysis of large‐scale data has increased with increased access to spatial vector data. Polygon overlay of vector data in a virtual globe requires proprietary data structures and proprietary analysis algorithms. A vector data structure is designed for rapid polygon overlay in a virtual globe by recording the metadata of the triangles (TriMeta) that constitute polygons. A polygon overlay algorithm is proposed based on this data structure. The overlay of two complex GIS polygons is transformed into the intersection computation of their 3D triangular presentations. The intersection computation of two sets of triangles is reduced considerably by utilizing TriMeta to filter out the disjoint triangle pairs and rapidly identify the contained triangle. The new method improves the overlay efficiency in a virtual globe because the amount of computation required to calculate the intersections of two large polygons and drape the intersections onto a terrain surface is reduced.
Structure and function of LCI1: a plasma membrane CO2 channel in the Chlamydomonas CO2 concentrating mechanism
Authors: Kono Alfredo , Chou Tsung‐Han , Radhakrishnan Abhijith , Bolla Jani Reddy , Sankar Kannan , Shome Sayane , Su Chih‐Chia , Jernigan Robert L. , Robinson Carol V. , Yu Edward W. , Spalding Martin H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicroalgae and cyanobacteria contribute roughly half of the global photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Faced with limited access to CO2 in aquatic environments, which can vary daily or hourly, these microorganisms have evolved use of an efficient CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) to accumulate high internal concentrations of inorganic carbon (Ci) to maintain photosynthetic performance. For eukaryotic algae, a combination of molecular, genetic and physiological studies using the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, have revealed the function and molecular characteristics of many CCM components, including active Ci uptake systems. Fundamental to eukaryotic Ci uptake systems are Ci transporters/channels located in membranes of various cell compartments, which together facilitate the movement of Ci from the environment into the chloroplast, where primary CO2 assimilation occurs. Two putative plasma membrane Ci transporters, HLA3 and LCI1, are reportedly involved in active Ci uptake. Based on previous studies, HLA3 clearly plays a meaningful role in HCO3− transport, but the function of LCI1 has not yet been thoroughly investigated so remains somewhat obscure. Here we report a crystal structure of the full‐length LCI1 membrane protein to reveal LCI1 structural characteristics, as well as in vivo physiological studies in an LCI1 loss‐of‐function mutant to reveal the Ci species preference for LCI1. Together, these new studies demonstrate LCI1 plays an important role in active CO2 uptake and that LCI1 likely functions as a plasma membrane CO2 channel, possibly a gated channel.
Analysis of transfusion therapy during the March 2019 mass shooting incident in Christchurch, New Zealand
Authors: Badami Krishna G. , Mercer Susan , Chiu May , Yi Ma , Warrington Sue 
Published: March 2020

Background and objectiveA mass casualty incident occurred in Christchurch in March 2019. Thirty‐seven patients with gunshot wounds were admitted. We describe and analyse the transfusion management of these casualties.MethodsData on demographics, injury and laboratory characteristics, and transfusions are summarized using descriptive statistics. Relationships between variables are examined using Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlations. Univariate analysis of explanatory variables is performed to determine the best early predictors of transfusion requirements. The characteristics of massive transfusion and non‐massive transfusion cases are compared using the t‐ and Mann–Whitney tests.ResultsSixty‐five per cent received transfusions. Initial Hb, platelet counts and clotting results were mostly normal. On average, each gunshot wound patient was transfused 4, 3·1, 1·2 and 0·4 units of RBC, FFP, cryoprecipitate and platelets, respectively, on the day. Base excess was the single best predictor of transfusion requirements.ConclusionsA greater proportion of those with gunshot wounds in this incident were transfused than in other such incidents. Transfusion requirements for patients varied but were generally modest. Blood component transfusion ratios were close to that recommended. The role of base excess as a predictor of transfusion requirements in patients with similar injuries needs more study.
Design and Numerical Analysis of an Electrostatic Energy Harvester With Impact for Frequency Up-Conversion
Authors: Lensvelt R. , Fey R. H. B. , Mestrom R. M. C. , Nijmeijer H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Integration of vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) with small-scale electronic devices may form an attractive alternative for relatively large batteries and can, potentially, increase their lifespan. However, the inherent mismatch between a harvester's high-frequency resonance, typically in the range 100−1000 Hz, relative to the available low-frequency ambient vibrations, typically in the range 10–100 Hz, means that low-frequency power generation in microscale VEHs remains a persistent challenge. In this work, we model a novel electret-based, electrostatic energy harvester (EEH) design. In this design, we combine an out-of-plane gap-closing comb (OPGC) configuration for the low-frequency oscillator with an in-plane overlap comb configuration for the high-frequency oscillator and employ impact for frequency up-conversion. An important design feature is the tunability of the resonance frequency through the electrostatic nonlinearity of the low-frequency oscillator. Impulsive normal forces due to impact are included in numerical simulation of the EEH through Moreau's time-stepping scheme which has, to the best of our knowledge, not been used before in VEH design and analysis. The original scheme is extended with time-step adjustments around impact events to reduce computational time. Using frequency sweeps, we numerically investigate power generation under harmonic, ambient vibrations. Results show improved low-frequency power generation in this EEH compared to a reference EEH. The EEH design shows peak power generation improvement of up to a relative factor 3.2 at low frequencies due to the occurrence of superharmonic resonances.
The Effects of Asymmetric Slip Flow Between Parallel Plates of a Microchannel Under Uniform Heat Flux
Authors: Ahmadi Nadooshan Afshin , Jahanbakhshi Akram , Bayareh Morteza 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Microchannels have many applications in the field of modern technologies. Today, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of these systems due to the increasing rate of thermal loads. Recent researches have shown that liquid flows in the microchannels depend on their size and surface properties. Consequently, there is no symmetric flow condition in a symmetric geometric channel necessarily. In this study, the effect of slip length on the amount of asymmetric heat transfer in a microchannel is investigated numerically. By calculating the parameters such as Nusselt number and local pressure drop coefficient, it is observed that the asymmetric slip flow affects the flow profile and could lead to a decrease or increase in the heat transfer in the microchannel. According to the results, asymmetric slip flow can lead to a 20–40% reduction or increase in the Nusselt number. The most important point in the design of micro-scale asymmetric cooling systems is the increase of slip length at high temperatures.
Analytically Predicating the Multi-Dimensional Accuracy of the Honed Engine Cylinder Bore
Authors: Zhang Xueping , Zhou Zaoyang , Yao Zhenqiang , Xi Lifeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The dimensional accuracy of engine cylinder bore at multiscale has a tremendous influence on engine performances including friction power loss, vibration, leak tightness between piston and cylinder, and wear resistance. Tremendous researches were devoted to predict the dimensional accuracies of the honed cylinder by means of analytical, experimental, and numerical simulation methods. The dimensional quality of the honed cylinder bore was usually determined by establishing the relationship between honing parameters and dimensional accuracies of the honed cylinder bore. However, most researches predicted dimensional accuracy at macroscale or surface texture at microscale, respectively. Few efforts were devoted to predict the dimensional quality of honed cylinder bore at both macroscale and microscale levels simultaneously. To explore a new understanding of the honing mechanism of the cylinder bore, a multiscale model is proposed to predict the dimensional accuracy and surface texture of cylinder bore generated from the honing process at the macroscale and microscale simultaneously. The model aims to integrate both microscale factors including honing stone abrasives distribution, abrasive wear process, previous cylinder surface topography, and macroscale factors including cylinder geometric features and honing head motion trajectory into a multiscale analytical analysis. A force matching method is adopted in the multiscale predictive model to determine the feed depth in the honing of the cylinder bore. Thus, the proposed multiscale analytical model possesses an excellent capacity to simultaneously predict the roundness and cylindricity of the honed cylinder bore, as well as the surface texture/roughness of the honed cylinder bore in terms of Abbott-Firestone curve. The simulated results also revealed that the material removal process is closely related to the initial shape deviations of the cylinder bore, which cannot be corrected, compensated, or eliminated by the subsequent honing process given the deviations are associated with wavelengths higher than 27 mm under the given honing condition.
Combined Supercharging System: The Best Fit for Submarine Engines
Authors: Herrmann R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The two types of supercharging processes, either with turbocharger or with mechanically driven compressor are the two systems known to be used on diesel engines for submarines. Each of these two systems has its own limitations.
A two stage supercharging system has been investigated and developed by S.E.M.T. Pielstick. This system is based on a turbocharger used as a low-pressure stage combined with a high-pressure stage compressor which is mechanically driven by the engine.
Test bench results are compared with those obtained with the classical systems.
The new system with two-stage compression has an advantage particularly for the following main points:
- specific power,
- air and fuel specific consumptions,
- capability to sustain high exhaust back pressures as well as low suction pressures and low sensitivity to their fluctuations,
- safety against engine stalling in case of loss of submersion control.
Diesel Engine Development for Low Emission Rail Traction Application
Authors: Karimi E. R. , Orrell A. G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the evolution of a family of modern four stroke high power density engines, the Ruston RK215 series, which has been developed to meet the specific needs of heavy duty rail traction application including the current EPA and UIC (European) emissions legislation. It discusses the extensive experience of Ruston in powering various locomotives including recent applications in overseas markets.
The methodology adopted in the base engine design, to achieve high reliability and good component life is discussed with methods of validation and risk analysis during the design and development program. Specific reference is made to an emissions research program to ensure the engine will comply fully with future legislation.
Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Running With DME
Authors: Maroteaux F. , Descombes G. , Sauton F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research investigates engine performance and the potential of reducing exhaust emissions by using Dimethyl Ether (DME) which is an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The objective of this study it to evaluate (on the bed test) the performance and emissions reduction potential of an engine running with DME. A 4 cylinder passenger car HSDI Common Rail turbocharged diesel engine without specific modifications was used.
The results obtained on this engine running with DME using diesel fuel as reference are encouraging. In the next steps of this study the injection rate will be adapted to DME operation and to the geometric and thermodynamic conditions of the combustion reaction. A study of the combustion reaction is also necessary in order to optimize the turbocharging system to exclusive DME operation.
The GE/Jenbacher 1 MW Dual Speed Gas Engine Concept for the GE Rental Fleet
Authors: Kabel Dan , Gruber F. , Wagner M. , Herdin G. R. , Meßner E. , Hilscher H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Jenbacher AG (JAG) has designed with General Electric (GE) a new container-based gas engine gen-set package for the GE rental fleet. All necessary system components like the natural gas engine, alternator, cooling fans, electrical units and auxiliaries are integrated in one 40-foot ISO container which is normally placed on a trailer truck. A unit weight of less than 53,000 lbs ensures easy transport from site to site. The gas and electricity connections are designed to ensure the lowest possible installation and setup times. The application of a closed loop cooling system inside the container has the advantage that no additional connections are necessary. Connections for heat recovery are integrated, and can easily be utilized if there is a demand. Another important feature is that the gen set is not influenced to a great extent by changes in environmental conditions. Ambient temperatures of up to 104°F (40°C) are still permissible without reduction of power output. Container insulation and exhaust gas silencer design are optimized to attain a noise level of 74 dB(A) at a distance of 7 m.
A Non-Equilibrium Turbulence Dissipation Correction and its Influence on Pollution Predictions for DI Diesel Engines
Authors: Tanner Franz X. , Zhu Guang-Sheng , Reitz Rolf D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A correction for the turbulence dissipation rate, based on non-equilibrium turbulence considerations from rapid distortion theory, has been derived and implemented in combination with the RNG k–ε model in a KIVA-based code. This correction reflects the time delay between changes in the turbulent kinetic energy due to changes in the mean flow and its turbulence dissipation rate, and it is shown that this time delay is controlled by the turbulence Reynolds number. The model correction has been validated with experimental data in the compression and expansion phase of a small diesel engine operated in motored mode. Combustion simulations of two heavy-duty DI diesel engines have been performed with the RNG k–ε model and the dissipation rate correction. The focus of these computations has been on the nitric oxide formation and the net soot production. These simulations have been compared with experimental data and their behavior is explained in terms of the turbulence dissipation effect on the transport coefficients for mass and heat diffusion. It has been found, that the dissipation correction yields consistent results with observations reported in previous studies.
Multidimensional Modeling of Premixed Turbulent Combustion: Modeling and Testing of a Small Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: Fontana Gustavo , Galloni Enzo , Jannelli Elio 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Combustion models, used in spark-ignition engine modeling, are reviewed. Different approaches for representing the main combustion features are reported. Limitations in simulating such a complex phenomenon as turbulent combustion in engines are highlighted as well.
In order to compare different combustion models, the multidimensional program KIVA-3V has been used. The behavior of an actual spark-ignition engine has been investigated.
In particular, simulation results, using simple chemical kinetics and mixing-controlled models, are compared. The results obtained, compared to measured data, confirm that different combustion models can lead to a satisfactory prediction of engine performances. But, in many cases, these models require experimental data for determining the model characteristic constants. A hybrid combustion model is proposed. It is able to provide a good reproduction of engine combustion process and, in particular, the model seems to be less sensitive to the engine operation. The computation results are compared to the measured data.
Experimental and Theoretical Optimization of Combustion Chamber and Fuel Distribution for the Low Emission DI Diesel Engine
Authors: Kidoguchi Yoshiyuki , Sanda Michiko , Miwa Kei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of combustion chamber geometry and initial mixture distribution on combustion process in a direct-injection diesel engine by means of experiment and CFD calculation. The high squish combustion chamber with squish lip could produce simultaneous reduction of NOx and particulate emissions with retarded injection timing in the real engine experiment. According to the CFD computation, the high squish combustion chamber with central pip is effective to continue combustion under the squish lip until the end of combustion and the combustion region forms rich and high turbulence atmosphere, which reduces NOx emissions. This chamber can also reduce initial burning because combustion continues under the squish lip. The CFD computation is also carried out in order to investigate the effect of initial mixture distribution on combustion process. The results suggest that mixture distribution affects the history of heat release rate. When fuel is distributed in the bottom or wide region in the combustion chamber, burned gas tends to spread to the cavity center and initial heat release rate becomes high. On the contrary, the high squish combustion chamber with central pip produces lower initial heat release rate because combustion with local rich condition continues long under the squish lip. Diffusion burning is promoted by high swirl motion in this chamber with keeping lower initial heat release rate.
The Description of a Combined Thermodynamic Power System Using a Two-Phase Fluid and Air As Working Fluids
Authors: Jirnov Alexei A. , Borissov Anatoli , McCoy James J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A combined thermodynamic power system is described that uses a two-phase fluid (air and water) to form the basis of a cycle that employs the isothermal compression of the working fluid to improve the overall efficiency. The compressor and the expander described in the system utilize sliding-blade rotary devices that together make up an air-heat engine that operates on a modified Brayton cycle. Key to this device is the utilization of an isothermal compression of the air and the efficient use of waste heat in a regenerative process to achieve high thermal efficiency and reduce environmentally damaging emissions. In addition, a special pre-chamber/vortex combustion chamber allows for the introduction of heat in an environmentally friendly manner.