bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Computing to Enable Next-Generation Low-Temperature Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Rao Vivek M. , Delchini Marc-Olivier G. , Jain Prashant K. , Bani Ahmad Mohammad T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), in collaboration with Eaton Corporation, has performed computational research and development to design an innovative, direct-contact heat exchanger (DCHE) that is optimized for a low-temperature organic Rankine cycle.
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of DCHE was developed in STAR-CCM+ which was later calibrated and validated against the experimental data from literature. The validated CFD model was used to develop an industry-relevant liquid-liquid direct-contact heat exchanger system with water and pentane working fluids. This work heavily relied on high-performance computing (HPC) resources to investigate multiple designs and to identify a baseline design.
The innovative design consists of two chambers connected by a converging-diverging nozzle. Phase change for pentane, from liquid to vapor, occurs in the first chamber, whereas the second chamber serves as a separator. Outlets in the second chamber are staggered to prevent entrainment of the liquid water by the gaseous pentane. CFD results confirm that the design behaves as expected and the addition of baffles enhances mixing and heat transfer for higher flow rates while preventing entrainment of gaseous pentane by the liquid water.
Economic Analysis of Trigeneration Systems Considering Participations of Energy Storage
Authors: Lv Hongkun , Han Gaoyan , Guo Xutao , Ma Hang , Zheng Menglian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Distributed trigeneration has been regarded as one of the leading solutions for the future energy production. Unlike centralized energy systems, trigeneration typically recovers otherwise wasted energy and supplies combined cooling, heating, and power products to end users simultaneously, which however causes difficulties in meeting weak temporal-correlated energy demands of end users. Inspired by the success in electric energy systems, energy storage may provide effective solutions to the challenges with respect to trigeneration by decoupling energy generation and consumption. However, multiple key questions are yet fully understood for planning storage-integrated trigeneration systems. The present study aims to answer the following questions: (i) what roles of energy storage are going to play in a trigeneration system? And (ii) how would energy storage affect the performance of the trigeneration system? A self-coded trigeneration system planning model is developed via Python programming to optimize capacities of different devices in the trigeneration system with the presence of energy storage to meet variable multi-energy demands. The effects of the energy storage on the performance of the trigeneration system are investigated. The underlying mechanisms of the energy storage affecting the system’s performance are also explored based on the feasibility region analysis and wasted energy analysis.
Economic burden of cancers in Taiwan: a direct and indirect cost estimate for 2007–2017
Authors: Huang Shao-Yi , Chen Ho-Min , Liao Kai-Hsin , Ko Bor-Sheng , Hsiao Fei-Yuan 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveCancers result in significant economic burdens on patients, health sectors and society. Reliable burden estimates will help guide resource allocation. This study aimed to perform a nationwide cost analysis of the direct and indirect costs of the top ten most costly cancers, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), as a comparison, in Taiwan.SettingA population-based cohort study.ParticipantsIn total, 545 221 patients with newly diagnosed cancer (lung cancer, female breast cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, oral cancer, leukaemia, prostate cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer) and 170 879 patients with ACS between 2007 and 2014 were identified.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDirect medical costs were calculated from claims recorded in the National Health Insurance Research Database . Indirect costs, comprising morbidity-associated and mortality-associated productivity losses, were estimated from public life expectancy, average wage and employment data. The costs incurred in the 3 years after diagnosis were assessed. As a comparison, the cost of ACS was also estimated using the same study frame. A cost driver analysis was conducted to identify factors impacting cancer costs.ResultsThe cancers with the highest mean direct medical costs and total costs were leukaemia (US$28 464) and oesophageal cancer (US$81 775), respectively. Indirect costs accounted for over 50% of the total economic burden of most cancers, except for prostate cancer and female breast cancer. The costs of ACS were lower than those of most cancers. From the cost driver analysis, older age at diagnosis significantly (p<0.05) decreased the total cost of cancer; in contrast, male, tumour metastasis, comorbidities and treatment in medical centres increased the costs.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the comprehensive economic burden of the top 10 most costly cancers in Taiwan. These results are valuable for optimising healthcare resource allocation.
Is an ounce of prevention worth a pound of cure? A cross-sectional study of the impact of English public health grant on mortality and morbidity
Authors: Martin Stephen , Lomas James , Claxton Karl 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe UK government is proposing to cease cutting the local authority public health grant by reallocating part of the treatment budget to preventative activity. This study examines whether this proposal is evidenced based and, in particular, whether these resources are best reallocated to prevention, or whether this expenditure would generate more health gains if used for treatment.MethodsInstrumental variable regression methods are applied to English local authority data on mortality, healthcare and public health expenditure to estimate the responsiveness of mortality to variations in healthcare and public health expenditure in 2013/14. Using a well-established method, these mortality results are converted to a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) basis, and this facilitates the estimation of the cost per QALY for both National Health Service (NHS) healthcare and local public health expenditure.ResultsSaving lives and improving the quality of life requires resources. Our estimates suggest that each additional QALY costs about £3800 from the local public health budget, and that each additional QALY from the NHS budget costs about £13 500. These estimates can be used to calculate the number of QALYs generated by a budget boost. If we err on the side of caution and use the most conservative estimates that we have, then an additional £1 billion spent on public health will generate 206 398 QALYs (95% CI 36 591 to 3 76 205 QALYs), and an additional £1 billion spent on healthcare will generate 67 060 QALYs (95% CI 21 487 to 112 633 QALYs).ConclusionsAdditional public health expenditure is very productive of health and is more productive than additional NHS expenditure. However, both types of expenditure are more productive of health than the norms used by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (£20 000–£30 000 per QALY) to judge whether new therapeutic technologies are suitable for adoption by the NHS.
Can children swallow tablets? Outcome data from a feasibility study to assess the acceptability of different-sized placebo tablets in children (creating acceptable tablets (CAT))
Authors: Bracken Louise , McDonough Emma , Ashleigh Samantha , Wilson Fiona , Shakeshaft Joanne , Ohia Udeme , Mistry Punam , Jones Huw , Kanji Nazim , Liu Fang , Peak Matthew 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveFeasibility study to investigate the acceptability of different-sized placebo tablets in children aged 4–12 years.Design and settingClinical Research Facilities, inpatient wards and outpatient clinics within a Regional Paediatric Hospital and/or District General Hospital. Healthy children and National Health Service (NHS) patients were asked to swallow three placebo tablets: 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm, smallest to largest. The researcher observed children’s facial expressions and behaviours on swallowing and measured the volume of water consumed. Participants completed a questionnaire about the overall acceptability; including swallowability, taste and volume of water consumed. For analysis, participants were stratified by age: 4–8 years and 9–12 years.ResultsThe feasibility study led to an estimated recruitment rate of 0.8% for NHS inpatients and 211 healthy children over a 1-year period. In total, 55 participants were recruited, 30 to the younger group, of which 77% had never taken a tablet before. 84% of the 25 older children had previously taken a tablet. All participants attempted to swallow the smallest sized tablet. The children aged 4–8 years found the larger tablets easier to swallow, however the older children found little difference between the tablet sizes. The younger children required more water to swallow each tablet size compared with the older children where an increasing volume of water was consumed as tablet size increased. Taste was rated highly for both age groups. The 8 mm tablets were deemed the most acceptable tablet size by all participants.ConclusionTablets are potentially an acceptable formulation for children aged 4–12 years. Most children aged 4–8 years who attempted to swallow tablets successfully did so. Recruitment of NHS inpatients to medicine acceptability studies is challenging, however, recruitment of children of staff proved an effective strategy. Valuable lessons have been learnt from this feasibility study which will inform the design of a larger definitive trial.
Compliance to secondary prevention strategies for coronary artery disease: a hospital-based cross-sectional survey from Ernakulam, South India
Authors: Sudevan Remya , Vasudevan Damodaran , Raj Manu , Thachathodiyl Rajesh , Vijayakumar Maniyal , Abdullakutty Jabir , Thomas Paul , George Vijo , Kabali Conrad 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe primary objective of the study was to report the compliance to secondary prevention strategies for coronary artery disease (CAD), such as smoking cessation, weight management, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol control, blood pressure control, glycaemic control, physical activity and cardiovascular drug therapy from a resource-limited setting.DesignAnalytical cross-sectional survey with data collection using questionnaire administered by study personnel.SettingInstitutional—two tertiary care hospitals and two cardiology clinics.ParticipantsPatients in the age group of 30–80 years with documented CAD with a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 6 years of follow-up after diagnosis.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures were the prevalence of individual compliance to secondary prevention strategies for CAD such as smoking cessation, weight management, LDL cholesterol control, blood pressure control, glycaemic control, physical activity and cardiovascular drug therapy. The secondary outcomes were the association of secondary prevention strategies with age, sex, domicile, socioeconomic status, insurance and type of treatment.ResultsWe recruited a total of 1206 patients among whom 879 (72.9%) were males. The median age of patients was 62 (14) years. The compliance to smoking cessation was 93.86% (95% CI 91.66% to 96.06%), ideal body mass index was 63.76% (95% CI 61.05% to 66.47%), blood pressure control was 65.11% (95% CI 62.42% to 67.80%), LDL compliance was 36.50% (95% CI 33.18% to 39.82%), diabetes control was 51.23% (95% CI 46.10% to 56.36%) and adequate physical activity was 39.22% (95% CI 36.46% to 41.98%)respectively. Reported compliance for cardiovascular drugs therapy was 96% for antiplatelets, 89.4% for statins, 68.2% for beta blockers, 37.7% for renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockers, 81.28% for oral hypoglycaemic agents and 22% for insulin therapy.ConclusionCompliance to secondary prevention strategies for CAD in resource limited settings are moderate. This needs further improvement for better outcomes related to CAD in future.
MAGNETO cardiography parameters to predict future Sudden Cardiac Death (MAGNETO-SCD) or ventricular events from implantable cardioverter defibrillators: study protocol, design and rationale
Authors: Lachlan Thomas , He Hejie , Sharma Kavi , Khan Jamal , Rajappan Kim , Morley-Davies Adrian , Patwala Ashish , Randeva Harpal , Osman Faizel 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionPredicting sudden cardiac death (SCD) is challenging as current risk predictors have significant limitations. Evaluating magnetocardiogram (MCG) parameters could be of great value and we plan to assess the capability of a new mobile unshielded MCG device in predicting SCD and ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in patients undergoing implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation.Methods and analysisA prospective multicentre (University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire (UHCW) National Health Service (NHS) Trust/University Hospital North Midlands NHS Trust, UK) observational study evaluating the VitalScan MCG (Creavo Medical Technologies, UK) to predict future VA risk; 270 patients meeting criteria for primary or secondary prevention ICDs (ischaemic or non-ischaemic aetiology) are being recruited. The first patient was recruited September 2019 and the study will be completed at final participant follow-up. The primary endpoint is appropriate ICD therapy for VA, secondary endpoint is SCD. Previous trials using MCG identified late QRS signals/QRS fragmentation as potential indicators of SCD in small samples using large shielded expensive MCG devices that were difficult to use clinically. It is hoped the MAGNETO-SCD trial will show this new MCG device can provide real world risk stratification for SCD/VA risk. The trial has recruited 25 patients (13 with secondary prevention indication) from a single site (UHCW) with recruitment starting at the second site in March 2020.Ethics and disseminationResearch Ethics Committee, Yorkshire and Humber Sheffield Research Ethics Committee UK (Ref: 19/YH/0143) and Health Research Authority (IRAS reference 254466, EDGE ID: 123146) approval received on 17/07/2019. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency approval received 11/07/2019. Results will be disseminated via a peer-reviewed publication and presentation at international conferences.Trial registration numbersClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04352816) and EU Clinical Trials Registry (EudraCT2019-002994-78).
Mechanics and thermodynamics of a new minimal model of the atmosphere
Authors: Vissio Gabriele , Lucarini Valerio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe understanding of the fundamental properties of the climate system has long benefitted from the use of simple numerical models able to parsimoniously represent the essential ingredients of its processes. Here, we introduce a new model for the atmosphere that is constructed by supplementing the now-classic Lorenz ’96 one-dimensional lattice model with temperature-like variables. The model features an energy cycle that allows for energy to be converted between the kinetic form and the potential form and for introducing a notion of efficiency. The model’s evolution is controlled by two contributions—a quasi-symplectic and a gradient one, which resemble (yet not conforming to) a metriplectic structure. After investigating the linear stability of the symmetric fixed point, we perform a systematic parametric investigation that allows us to define regions in the parameters space where at steady-state stationary, quasi-periodic, and chaotic motions are realised, and study how the terms responsible for defining the energy budget of the system depend on the external forcing injecting energy in the kinetic and in the potential energy reservoirs. Finally, we find preliminary evidence that the model features extensive chaos. We also introduce a more complex version of the model that is able to accommodate for multiscale dynamics and that features an energy cycle that more closely mimics the one of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Modeling of false information on microblog with block matching and fuzzy neural network
Authors: Yangyong Guo , Juan Wei 
Published: October 2020

The detection method of microblog false information has been constructed based on block matching and fuzzy neural network to improve the detection accuracy of microblog false information effectively. With this method, we can calculate the rank distance and sample entropy of microblog data according to the evaluation word rank vector of microblog false information, carry out the block matching of false information in fuzzy data set and input the characteristic quantity of microblog false information extracted into the fuzzy neural network classifier for data classification and recognition. So that it has achieved the optimized detection of false information and improved the judgment ability of false information. Finally, the key factors that affect the algorithm are deeply studied through simulation experiments according to the real data of Sina microblog, and the performance state between the proposed algorithm and Fuzzy C-means and Spectral Analysis algorithms is compared and analyzed correspondingly. The results show that the algorithm has good adaptability.
Quasilocal conservation laws in cosmology: A first look
Authors: Oltean Marius , Moghaddam Hossein Bazrafshan , Epp Richard J. 
Published: October 2020

Quasilocal definitions of stress-energy–momentum—that is, in the form of boundary densities (in lieu of local volume densities) — have proven generally very useful in formulating and applying conservation laws in general relativity. In this Essay, we take a basic look into applying these to cosmology, specifically using the Brown–York quasilocal stress-energy–momentum tensor for matter and gravity combined. We compute this tensor and present some simple results for a flat FLRW spacetime with a perfect fluid matter source. We emphasize the importance of the vacuum energy, which is almost universally underappreciated (and usually “subtracted”), and discuss the quasilocal interpretation of the cosmological constant.
Video-Sharing Apps Business Models: TikTok Case Study
Authors: Mhalla Majdouline , Yun Jiang , Nasiri Alireza 
Published: October 2020

As the number of mobile and Internet users increases around the world, the consumption of video content continues to grow exponentially among people, as well as businesses. However, for these platforms to offer their services at a low to no cost, they have to experiment with different business models, looking for profitability and economic balance without charging their users. In this paper, we will describe and discuss the business model of a video sharing platform that became a worldwide phenomenon only three years after its launch, from raising billions of dollars from notorious investors — e.g. SoftBank Group, Tiger Global Management — to generating exorbitant revenues, this video application was very innovative and versatile at making money and generating revenues. The main goal of this study is to understand how video sharing platforms monetize their business, especially if most of its services are free for its users. The paper highlights all the steps of a business model, using the “TikTok” application as the case study of a successful model. We found that video-sharing applications need to incorporate new ways of monetizing their businesses that they are very versatile, they do not rely solely on advertising and that they are experimenting with various models, e.g. paid subscriptions and in-app purchases.
Biomarkers and Strategies for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Bast Robert C. , Lu Zhen , Han Chae Young , Lu Karen H. , Anderson Karen S. , Drescher Charles W. , Skates Steven J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Early detection of ovarian cancer remains an important unmet medical need. Effective screening could reduce mortality by 10%–30%. Used individually, neither serum CA125 nor transvaginal sonography (TVS) is sufficiently sensitive or specific. Two-stage strategies have proven more effective, where a significant rise above a woman's baseline CA125 prompts TVS and an abnormal sonogram prompts surgery. Two major screening trials have documented that this strategy has adequate specificity, but sensitivity for early-stage (I–II) disease must improve to have a greater impact on mortality. To improve the first stage, different panels of protein biomarkers have detected cases missed by CA125. Autoantibodies against TP53 have detected 20% of early-stage ovarian cancers 8 months before elevation of CA125 and 22 months before clinical diagnosis. Panels of autoantibodies and antigen–autoantibody complexes are being evaluated with the goal of detecting &gt;90% of early-stage ovarian cancers, alone or in combination with CA125, while maintaining 98% specificity in control subjects. Other biomarkers, including micro-RNAs, ctDNA, methylated DNA, and combinations of ctDNA alterations, are being tested to provide an optimal first-stage test. New technologies are also being developed with greater sensitivity than TVS to image small volumes of tumor.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible.”
TERT Promoter Mutation Analysis for Blood-Based Diagnosis and Monitoring of Gliomas
Authors: Muralidharan Koushik , Yekula Anudeep , Small Julia L. , Rosh Zachary S. , Kang Keiko M. , Wang Lan , Lau Spencer , Zhang Hui , Lee Hakho , Bettegowda Chetan , Chicoine Michael R. , Kalkanis Steven N. , Shankar Ganesh M. , Nahed Brian V. , Curry William T. , Jones Pamela S. , Cahill Daniel P. , Balaj Leonora , Carter Bob S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Liquid biopsy offers a minimally invasive tool to diagnose and monitor the heterogeneous molecular landscape of tumors over time and therapy. Detection of TERT promoter mutations (C228T, C250T) in cfDNA has been successful for some systemic cancers but has yet to be demonstrated in gliomas, despite the high prevalence of these mutations in glioma tissue (&gt;60% of all tumors).

Experimental Design:
Here, we developed a novel digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) assay that incorporates features to improve sensitivity and allows for the simultaneous detection and longitudinal monitoring of two TERT promoter mutations (C228T and C250T) in cfDNA from the plasma of patients with glioma.

Results:
In baseline performance in tumor tissue, the assay had perfect concordance with an independently performed clinical pathology laboratory assessment of TERT promoter mutations in the same tumor samples [95% confidence interval (CI), 94%–100%]. Extending to matched plasma samples, we detected TERT mutations in both discovery and blinded multi-institution validation cohorts with an overall sensitivity of 62.5% (95% CI, 52%–73%) and a specificity of 90% (95% CI, 80%–96%) compared with the gold-standard tumor tissue–based detection of TERT mutations. Upon longitudinal monitoring in 5 patients, we report that peripheral TERT-mutant allele frequency reflects the clinical course of the disease, with levels decreasing after surgical intervention and therapy and increasing with tumor progression.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate the feasibility of detecting circulating cfDNA TERT promoter mutations in patients with glioma with clinically relevant sensitivity and specificity.