bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemborosan (Waste) di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSI PKU Muhammadiyah Tegal
Authors: Nurhidayat Nurhidayat , Firman Firman , Utarini Adi 
Published: October 2020

Latar Belakang: Penerapan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dengan cakupan kesehatan semesta meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan pasien ke rumah sakit, termasuk di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD). Peningkatan di IGD ini menyebabkan waktu tunggu pemindahan pasien dari IGD ke ruang rawat inap pun semakin lama. Untuk mempersingkatnya, digunakan metode lean management.
Tujuan: Menurunkan lama waktu tunggu pemindahan pasien dari IGD ke ruang rawat inap dengan cara mengidentifikasi pemborosan waktu tunggu, dan melakukan perbaikan faktor-faktor penyebab pemborosan.
Metode: Diterapkan empat tahapan penelitian action research. Pertama, pengumpulan data awal pada diagnosing action, diikuti dengan identifikasi penyebab pemborosan dan solusinya pada tahap kedua, planning action. Ketiga, dilakukan perbaikan cepat pada tahap taking action, meliputi sosialisasi rencana implementasi, update ketersediaan ruang rawat inap, perakitan rekam medis di ruang rawat inap, penulisan resep dokter hanya untuk obat penggunaan di IGD. Penelitian diakhiri dengan evaluasi waktu tunggu dan tindak lanjut pada tahap evaluating action.
Hasil: Terdapat delapan tahapan utama dalam alur proses pelayanan pasien IGD hingga pemindahan ke rawat inap. Pemborosan yang utama adalah: waste of overprocessing, waste of motion, dan waste of waiting. Beberapa penyebab utama pemborosan adalah kasus false emergency, kekurangan sumber daya (ruang tunggu dan SDM, papan informasi). Hasil pemetaan dengan Value Stream Mapping adalah rerata 69,9 menit lead time, yang turun menjadi 51,5 menit setelah pasca intervensi. Demikian pula terdapat penurunan waiting time dari 39,9 menit menjadi 28,5 menit, dan cycle time dari 30 menit menjadi 23 menit.
Kesimpulan: Lean management dapat mengidentifikasi waste dan menurunkan lama waktu pemindahan pasien IGD ke ruang rawat inap. Lean management perlu dijadikan budaya sebagai salah satu proses dalam upaya perbaikan mutu. Diharapkan hasil intervensi cepat ini dapat dipertahankan oleh rumah sakit, agar menjadi berkelanjutan.
A competência crítica em Metodologias Ativas: uma abordagem por meio de Modelagem Matemática
Authors: Pavan Perin Andréa , Campos Celso Ribeiro 
Published: October 2020

As propostas pedagógicas devem abrir espaço para a análise e reflexão de situações cotidianas. Para que isso ocorra, é necessário que as atividades sejam preparadas com base em Metodologias Ativas. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir como a competência crítica se fez presente numa atividade de Modelagem Matemática realizada em uma turma de 32 alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Médiode uma escolar particular do interior de São Paulo. Como encaminhamento metodológico para análise e validação das discussões estabelecidas entre os alunos e com a professora, recorremos à abordagem qualitativa, por meio da análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A competência crítica foi praticada com base em dois tipos de crítica, a sociopolítica e a epistemológica. A crítica sociopolítica caracteriza-se por uma análise das estruturas sociais (problemáticas, sob seus pontos de vista) para o fenômeno estudado. Já a crítica epistemológica refere-se às ponderações sobre o modelo construído, levando em consideração os procedimentos, os processos e os resultados alcançados.
Palavras-chave: Metodologias ativas. Modelagem matemática. Competência crítica.
Neutron Star Mergers as the Main Source of r-process: Natal Kicks and Inside-out Evolution to the Rescue
Authors: Banerjee Projjwal , Wu Meng-Ru , Yuan Zhen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Binary neutron star mergers (BNSMs) are currently the most promising source of r-process thanks to the detection of GW170817. The estimated occurring frequency and the amount of mass ejected per merger indicate that BNSMs by themselves can account for all the r-process enrichment in the Galaxy. However, the decreasing trend of [Eu/Fe] versus [Fe/H] of disk stars for [Fe/H] ≳ −1 in the solar neighborhood is inconsistent with the flat trend expected from BNSMs with a standard delay time distribution (DTD) ∝ t
−1. This has led to the suggestion that either additional sources or modification to the DTD of BNSMs is required to match the observations. We investigate the effects of natal kicks received during the birth of neutron star binaries on the chemical evolution of r-process element Eu in the Milky Way by combining the results from the galactic dynamics code galpy with a one-zone Galactic chemical evolution model omega. We show that when key inputs from simulations of the inside-out disk evolution are combined with natal kicks, BNSMs can naturally reproduce the observed decreasing trend of [Eu/Fe] with [Fe/H] in the solar neighborhood without the need for modification to the DTD or additional r-process sources.
On the Rate of Crustal Failures in Young Magnetars
Authors: Dehman C. , Viganò D. , Rea N. , Pons J. A. , Perna R. , Garcia-Garcia A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The activity of magnetars is powered by their intense and dynamic magnetic fields and has been proposed as the trigger to extragalactic fast radio bursts. Here we estimate the frequency of crustal failures in young magnetars, by computing the magnetic stresses in detailed magnetothermal simulations including Hall drift and ohmic dissipation. The initial internal topology at birth is poorly known but is likely to be much more complex than a dipole. Thus, we explore a wide range of initial configurations, finding that the expected rate of crustal failures varies by orders of magnitude depending on the initial magnetic configuration. Our results show that this rate scales with the crustal magnetic energy, rather than with the often used surface value of the dipolar component related to the spin-down torque. The estimated frequency of crustal failures for a given dipolar component can vary by orders of magnitude for different initial conditions, depending on how much magnetic energy is distributed in the crustal nondipolar components, likely dominant in newborn magnetars. The quantitative reliability of the expected event rate could be improved by a better treatment of the magnetic evolution in the core and the elastic/plastic crustal response, not included here. Regardless of that, our results are useful inputs in modeling the outburst rate of young Galactic magnetars, and their relation with the fast radio bursts in our and other galaxies.
« Créer du vivant »
Authors: Muller-Dufeu Marion 
Published: October 2020

Quelle place pour l’artisan et l’artiste dans la société grecque ancienne ? Ce livre revient sur un débat ancien et complexe à travers le cas des sculpteurs : leur carrière, de l’apprentissage à la pleine possession de leur art, le processus de création, de la commande à la livraison, et l’image que les sociétés antiques ont véhiculée d’eux.
Si l’archéologie et l’anthropologie ont renouvelé les données depuis les années 1970, elles ont focalisé l’attention sur les sources matérielles et les activités de production.
Archéologue et historienne d’art formée à la philologie classique, l’auteur s’appuie sur le riche corpus des sources écrites : textes littéraires, souvent contradictoires, et inscriptions – comptes de chantiers, signatures, décrets honorifiques – qui donnent un éclairage différent, celui des réalités économiques et sociales, et nuancent la vision partiale du travail des artisans qu’offrent les philosophes.
Le prétendu mépris des Grecs pour les artisans et les artistes n’est qu’un fantasme de moraliste : de fait, les artistes jouissaient d’une considération importante, qui se traduisait dans la valeur marchande de leurs œuvres. Le livre propose ainsi une vision dynamique et moderne de l’artiste antique, loin du « primitivisme » qui a longtemps prévalu. Il revient sur le problème de la « construction » historique de la figure de l’artiste et montre que l’étude de l’image et de l’imaginaire de l’artisan constitue, au même titre que la documentation archéologique, un objet d’histoire.
7. La fête impériale et ses métamorphoses
Authors: Benoist Stéphane 
Published: October 2020

Un quart de siècle de recherches sur les fêtes et cérémonies du monde romain, et plus particulièrement dans l’espace urbain de la cité de Rome, offre l’opportunité de revenir sur un thème d’étude qui a été en partie renouvelé dans l’intervalle et de proposer un regard rétrospectif et prospectif de nature historiographique et méthodologique. Les dimensions historiques et anthropologiques du sujet d’étude, sur les plans temporels, spatiaux et symboliques, font l’objet de mises en perspective sur la longue durée de l’époque augustéenne au ve siècle, et ce à dessein afin d’intégrer les sources chrétiennes et leurs témoignages sur les spectacula dans toute enquête sur les modalités des fêtes païennes, par delà la césure arbitraire de la christianisation de l’empire. La place centrale du prince dans le dispositif festif urbain permet d’envisager ludi et spectacula comme autant d’éléments constitutifs d’un discours de commémoration du pouvoir impérial.
15. Auguste et la naissance des services publics à Rome
Authors: Daguet-Gagey Anne 
Published: October 2020

Suétone, au paragraphe 37, 1 de la Vie d’Auguste, énumère plusieurs fonctions qui furent confiées par Auguste à des sénateurs désireux de s’impliquer dans la gestion de la Res publica ; il s’agit des travaux publics, des voies, des eaux, du Tibre et des distributions frumentaires. On propose de voir dans cette énumération une suite chronologique, celle des curae successivement remises à Auguste et déléguées par lui à des commissions sénatoriales. Trois des fonctions citées par Suétone sont ici étudiées : la charge des travaux publics, qu’Auguste pourrait avoir reçue en 22 av. J.-C., celle du Tibre, pour laquelle est proposée la date de 5 ap. J.-C. et celle des distributions, reçue en 22 av. J.-C. mais que Suétone cite en dernier du fait des remaniements apportés au secteur du ravitaillement et des frumentationes vers 8 ap. J.-C. Ces charges se muèrent peu à peu en de véritables services administratifs, ceux que Suétone pouvait voir fonctionner. Le pragmatisme d’Auguste, qui sut profiter des circonstances pour se faire confier différentes responsabilités liées à la vie quotidienne des habitants de l’Vrbs, mérite d’être souligné.
18. Le vol de l’esclave fugitif et la « corruptio serui » : entre élaboration jurisprudentielle et définition des délits
Authors: Reduzzi Merola Francesca 
Published: October 2020

On examine, à travers les règles dictées par les édiles curules dans leur édit annuel, les caractéristiques des esclaves que l’on allait vendre et les typologies des vices cachés. En particulier, la qualification de l’esclave comme fugitif et la différence entre vagabond (seruus erro) et fugitif (seruus fugitiuus). Le délit de vol (furtum) et le quasi-délit de « corruption d’esclave » (serui corruptio) sont reliés avec le phénomène de la fuite de l’esclave.
V Region of IgG Controls the Molecular Properties of the Binding Site for Neonatal Fc Receptor
Authors: Rossini Sofia , Noé Rémi , Daventure Victoria , Lecerf Maxime , Justesen Sune , Dimitrov Jordan D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has a key role in the homeostasis of IgG. Despite its physiological and clinical importance, the interaction of IgG and FcRn remains not completely comprehended. Thus, IgG molecules with identical constant portions but with minor differences in their V regions have been demonstrated to interact with FcRn with a considerable heterogeneity in the binding affinity. To understand this discrepancy, we dissected the physicochemical mechanism of the interaction of 10 human IgG1 to human FcRn. The interactions of two Abs in the presence of their cognate Ags were also examined. Data from activation and equilibrium thermodynamics analyses as well as pH dependence of the kinetics revealed that the V region of IgG could modulate a degree of conformational changes and binding energy of noncovalent contacts at the FcRn binding interface. These results suggest that the V domains modulate FcRn binding site in Fc by allosteric effects. These findings contribute for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of IgG–FcRn interaction. They might also be of relevance for rational engineering of Abs for optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties.
Comparison of right ventricular outflow tract gradient under anesthesia with post-operative gradient in patients undergoing tetralogy of Fallot repair
Authors: Toshkhani Dheemta , Arya Virendra Kumar , Kajal Kamal , Thingnam Shyam K. S. , Rana Sandeep Singh 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Intra-cardiac repair for tetralogy of Fallot has some degree of residual right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction. However, the measurement of this gradient intra-operatively might get affected by the depth of anesthesia which is important for the long-term outcome.

Aims:
The primary aim was to compare intraoperative RVOT gradient post repair under two different anesthetic depths of 1% and 2% end-tidal sevoflurane. The secondary objective was to follow up the changes in RVOT gradient till 1 month postoperatively. Design: Observational study. Setting : Advanced Cardiac Centre of PGIMER, Chandigarh.

Methods:
Following intracardiac repair, RVOT gradient was measured directly by placing needle into the right ventricle and pulmonary artery at sevoflurane 1%, and subsequently, at 2% end.tidal concentration while maintaining hemodynamic stability. These gradients were also measured using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03234582).

Results:
Twenty-one patients were included in this study that had intra-cardiac repair, of which pulmonary annulus was preserved for 15 cases. Mean RVOT gradients measured invasively and by TEE at end-tidal sevoflurane concentration of 1% and 2% were not significantly different (6.67 ± 4.16 mmHg vs. 6.76 ± 3.82 mmHg, P > 0.05 invasively and 13.01 ± 7.40 mmHg vs. 12.53 ± 7.11 mmHg, P > 0.05 by TEE, respectively). RVOT gradient measured by trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) postoperatively at the time of extubation and during follow-up at 1 month showed significant reduction (11.37 ± 6.00 mmHg, P < 0.05 and 9.23 ± 4.92 mmHg, P < 0.01 respectively). Six patients who underwent repair with transannular patch had significant pulmonary regurgitation (PR) following surgery, with no significant change in PR severity or RVOT gradient on increasing anesthetic depth.

Conclusions:
Postoperative RVOT gradient was not altered by changing depth of anesthesia provided systemic blood pressure was maintained. One month postrepair RVOT gradients were significantly reduced as compared to the intraoperative values.
Training End-to-End Dialogue Systems with the Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus
Authors: Lowe Ryan , Pow Nissan , Serban Iulian Vlad , Charlin Laurent , Liu Chia-Wei , Pineau Joelle 
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we construct and train end-to-end neural network-based dialogue systems usingan updated version of the recent Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus, a dataset containing almost 1 million multi-turn dialogues, with a total of over 7 million utterances and 100 million words. This dataset is interesting because of its size, long context lengths, and technical nature; thus, it can be used to train large models directly from data with minimal feature engineering, which can be both time consuming and expensive. We provide baselines in two different environments: one where models are trained to maximize the log-likelihood of a generated utterance conditioned on the context of the conversation, and one where models are trained to select the correct next response from a list of candidate responses. These are both evaluated on a recall task that we call Next Utterance Classification (NUC), as well as other generation-specific metrics. Finally, we provide a qualitative error analysis to help determine the most promising directions for future research on the Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus, and for end-to-end dialogue systems in general.
Review of experimental studies of secondary ice production
Authors: Korolev Alexei , Leisner Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Secondary ice production (SIP) plays a key role in the formation of ice
particles in tropospheric clouds. Future improvement of the accuracy of
weather prediction and climate models relies on a proper description of SIP
in numerical simulations. For now, laboratory studies remain a primary tool
for developing physically based parameterizations for cloud modeling. Over
the past 7 decades, six different SIP-identifying mechanisms have
emerged: (1) shattering during droplet freezing, (2) the rime-splintering
(Hallett–Mossop) process, (3) fragmentation due to ice–ice collision, (4) ice particle fragmentation due to thermal shock, (5) fragmentation of
sublimating ice, and (6) activation of ice-nucleating particles in transient
supersaturation around freezing drops. This work presents a critical review
of the laboratory studies related to secondary ice production. While some of
the six mechanisms have received little research attention, for others
contradictory results have been obtained by different research groups.
Unfortunately, despite vast investigative efforts, the lack of consistency
and the gaps in the accumulated knowledge hinder the development of
quantitative descriptions of any of the six SIP mechanisms. The present work
aims to identify gaps in our knowledge of SIP as well as to stimulate
further laboratory studies focused on obtaining a quantitative description
of efficiencies for each SIP mechanism.
Modelling dynamic interactions between soil structure and the storage and turnover of soil organic matter
Authors: Meurer Katharina Hildegard Elisabeth , Chenu Claire , Coucheney Elsa , Herrmann Anke Marianne , Keller Thomas , Kätterer Thomas , Nimblad Svensson David , Jarvis Nicholas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Models of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and turnover can be useful tools to analyse the effects of soil and crop management practices and climate
change on soil organic carbon stocks. The aggregated structure of soil is
known to protect SOC from decomposition and, thus, influence the potential
for long-term sequestration. In turn, the turnover and storage of SOC
affects soil aggregation, physical and hydraulic properties and the
productive capacity of soil. These two-way interactions have not yet been
explicitly considered in modelling approaches. In this study, we present and describe a new model of the dynamic feedbacks between soil organic
matter (SOM) storage and soil physical properties (porosity, pore size distribution, bulk density and layer thickness). A sensitivity analysis was first performed to understand the behaviour of the model. The identifiability of model parameters was then
investigated by calibrating the model against a synthetic data set. This
analysis revealed that it would not be possible to unequivocally estimate
all of the model parameters from the kind of data usually available in field
trials. Based on this information, the model was tested against measurements
of bulk density, SOC concentration and limited data on soil water
retention and soil surface elevation made during 63 years in a field trial
located near Uppsala (Sweden) in three treatments with different organic matter (OM) inputs
(bare fallow, animal and green manure). The model was able to accurately
reproduce the changes in SOC, soil bulk density and surface elevation
observed in the field as well as soil water retention curves measured at the
end of the experimental period in 2019 in two of the treatments.
Treatment-specific variations in SOC dynamics caused by differences in OM
input quality could be simulated very well by modifying the value for the OM
retention coefficient ε (0.37 for animal manure and 0.14 for
green manure). The model approach presented here may prove useful for
management purposes, for example, in an analysis of carbon sequestration or
soil degradation under land use and climate change.
Stratospheric influence on North Atlantic marine cold air outbreaks following sudden stratospheric warming events
Authors: Afargan-Gerstman Hilla , Polkova Iuliia , Papritz Lukas , Ruggieri Paolo , King Martin P. , Athanasiadis Panos J. , Baehr Johanna , Domeisen Daniela I. V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) in the northeastern North Atlantic occur due to the advection of extremely cold air over an ice-free ocean. MCAOs are associated with a range of severe weather phenomena, such as polar lows, strong surface winds and intense cooling of the ocean surface. Given these extreme impacts, the identification of precursors of MCAOs is crucial for improved long-range prediction of associated impacts on Arctic infrastructure and human lives. MCAO frequency has been linked to the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex, but the study of connections to the occurrence of extreme stratospheric events, known as sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), has been limited to cold extremes over land.
Here, the influence of SSW events on MCAOs over the North Atlantic ocean is studied using reanalysis datasets. Overall, SSW events are found to be associated with more frequent MCAOs in the Barents Sea and the Norwegian Sea compared to climatology and less frequent MCAOs in the Labrador Sea. In particular, SSW events project onto an anomalous dipole pattern of geopotential height 500 hPa, which consists of a ridge anomaly over Greenland and a trough anomaly over Scandinavia. By affecting the variability of the large-scale circulation patterns in the North Atlantic, SSW events contribute to the strong northerly flow over the Barents and Norwegian seas and thereby increase the likelihood of MCAOs in these regions. In contrast, the positive geopotential height anomaly over Greenland reduces the probability of MCAOs in the Labrador Sea after SSW events. As SSW events tend to have a long-term influence on surface weather, these results are expected to benefit the predictability of MCAOs in the Nordic Seas for winters with SSW events.