bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coulomb stress change on inland faults during megathrust earthquake cycle in southwest Japan
Authors: Mitogawa Tsukasa , Nishimura Takuya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the subduction zone, megathrust earthquakes may modulate the shallow crustal seismicity in the overriding plate. Historical documents indicate the frequent occurrence of large shallow crustal earthquakes in the overriding continental plate 50 years before and 10 years after the megathrust earthquakes along the Nankai trough in southwest Japan. In this study, we model megathrust earthquake cycles in a simple oblique subduction zone considering the viscoelasticity, and calculate the temporal evolution of the Coulomb failure stress changes ($$\Delta {\text{CFS}}$$ΔCFS) on the crustal faults in the overriding plate. Further, we examine the variation of$$\Delta {\text{CFS}}$$ΔCFSdepending on the location and fault type, and the active period of crustal earthquakes in which$$\Delta {\text{CFS}}$$ΔCFSexceeds the previous maximum. Our viscoelastic model suggests that the dependency of the active period on the distance from the megathrust fault is less when the intrinsic loading rate of the inland fault is low. Moreover, it suggests that the viscoelastic stress evolution on faults with negative coseismic$$\Delta {\text{CFS}}$$ΔCFSrenders the active period longer or shorter than those in a pure elastic medium. The temporal evolution of$$\Delta {\text{CFS}}$$ΔCFSon most major active faults in southwest Japan can be categorized into two groups with the following different characteristics: one is that$$\Delta {\text{CFS}}$$ΔCFSis positive coseismically and peaks 10 years after a megathrust earthquake. The other is that$$\Delta {\text{CFS}}$$ΔCFSis negative coseismically, and does not recover to the preseismic one for more than 50 years after a megathrust earthquake. This can explain the temporal sequence of the historical earthquakes in southwest Japan. Our model which includes viscoelastic relaxation successfully expresses the activation of shallow crustal earthquakes in the overriding continental plate not only before the megathrust earthquake, but also after. If the apparent frictional coefficient is less than ~ 0.1, the coseismic$$\Delta {\text{CFS}}$$ΔCFSon the source faults of the 1943 Mj7.3 Tottori earthquake, 1596 M7.0 Keicho Iyo earthquake, and 1596 M7.5 Keicho Fushimi earthquake that occurred within 10 years before the megathrust earthquake along the Nankai trough is negative. Therefore, to explain the occurrence of these historical earthquakes, our model suggests that the apparent frictional coefficient must be less than ~ 0.1.
Landslide detection in mountainous forest areas using polarimetry and interferometric coherence
Authors: Ohki Masato , Abe Takahiro , Tadono Takeo , Shimada Masanobu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cloud-free, wide-swath, day-and-night observation capability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has an important role in rapid landslide monitoring to reduce economic and human losses. Although interferometric SAR (InSAR) analysis is widely used to monitor landslides, it is difficult to use that for rapid landslide detection in mountainous forest areas because of significant decorrelation. We combined polarimetric SAR (PolSAR), InSAR, and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis to detect landslides induced by the July 2017 Heavy Rain in Northern Kyushu and by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake. This study uses fully polarimetric L-band SAR data from the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 satellite. The simple thresholding of polarimetric parameters (alpha angle and Pauli components) was found to be effective. The study also found that supervised classification using PolSAR, InSAR, and DEM parameters provided high accuracy, although this method should be used carefully because its accuracy depends on the geological characteristics of the training data. Regarding polarimetric configurations, at least dual-polarimetry (e.g., HH and HV) is required for landslide detection, and quad-polarimetry is recommended. These results demonstrate the feasibility of rapid landslide detection using L-band SAR images.
Development of quadruped walking robot with spherical shell: improvement of climbing over a step
Authors: Aoki Takeshi , Asami Keisuke , Ito Satoshi , Waki Shotaro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have proposed and developed a new quadruped walking robot with a spherical shell, called “QRoSS”. QRoSS is a transformable robot that can store its legs in the spherical shell. The shell not only absorbs external forces from all directions, but also improves mobile performance because of its round shape. In rescue operations at a disaster site, carrying robots into a site is dangerous for operators because doing so may result in a second accident. If QRoSS is used, instead of being carried in, robots are thrown in, making the operation safe and easy. We developed the QRoSS series and conducted basic experiments to verify performance, which includes landing, rising and walking through a series of movements. This paper reports details of a mechanical design to improve walking performance and development of the QRoSS V prototype model. We discuss the rising operation and performance of climbing over a high vertical step.
Estimating the proportion of guilty suspects and posterior probability of guilt in lineups using signal-detection models
Authors: Cohen Andrew L. , Starns Jeffrey J. , Rotello Caren M. , Cataldo Andrea M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The majority of eyewitness lineup studies are laboratory-based. How well the conclusions of these studies, including the relationship between confidence and accuracy, generalize to real-world police lineups is an open question. Signal detection theory (SDT) has emerged as a powerful framework for analyzing lineups that allows comparison of witnesses’ memory accuracy under different types of identification procedures. Because the guilt or innocence of a real-world suspect is generally not known, however, it is further unknown precisely how the identification of a suspect should change our belief in their guilt. The probability of guilt after the suspect has been identified, the posterior probability of guilt (PPG), can only be meaningfully estimated if we know the proportion of lineups that include a guilty suspect, P(guilty). Recent work used SDT to estimate P(guilty) on a single empirical data set that shared an important property with real-world data; that is, no information about the guilt or innocence of the suspects was provided. Here we test the ability of the SDT model to recover P(guilty) on a wide range of pre-existing empirical data from more than 10,000 identification decisions. We then use simulations of the SDT model to determine the conditions under which the model succeeds and, where applicable, why it fails.

Results
For both empirical and simulated studies, the model was able to accurately estimate P(guilty) when the lineups were fair (the guilty and innocent suspects did not stand out) and identifications of both suspects and fillers occurred with a range of confidence levels. Simulations showed that the model can accurately recover P(guilty) given data that matches the model assumptions. The model failed to accurately estimate P(guilty) under conditions that violated its assumptions; for example, when the effective size of the lineup was reduced, either because the fillers were selected to be poor matches to the suspect or because the innocent suspect was more familiar than the guilty suspect. The model also underestimated P(guilty) when a weapon was shown.

Conclusions
Depending on lineup quality, estimation of P(guilty) and, relatedly, PPG, from the SDT model can range from poor to excellent. These results highlight the need to carefully consider how the similarity relations between fillers and suspects influence identifications.
Curcumin induces regeneration of β cells and suppression of phosphorylated-NF-κB in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Badr Abeer M. , Sharkawy Howida , Farid Alyaa A. , El-Deeb Somaya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the immunomodulatory effect of curcumin on innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as its inhibitory power on hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic CD1 mice.

Material and methods
Mice were divided into six groups as follows: normal control mice (I), mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with either citrate (II), DEMSO (III), or curcumin (170 mg/kg, 3 times/week, for 28 days) (IV), as well as a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (160 mg/kg) (V) and STZ mice treated with curcumin (VI). The anti-diabetic effect was assessed by estimation of the blood glucose concentration on days 3, 10, 17, 24, and 31. Differential count of white blood cells and the levels of cytokines were also measured at all previous time points. Pancreatic islets were examined for histopathological changes, and the immunohistochemical analysis for insulin and phosphorylated-nuclear factor-kappa B (phospho-NF-κB) was done at the end of the study.

Results
After curcumin administration, hyperglycemia was improved compared to diabetic mice; however, glucose concentration remains above the normal level. Treatment with curcumin selectively increased the count of lymphocytes and monocytes but decreased the granulocyte count in STZ diabetic mice. Diabetic mice treated with curcumin showed lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, as well as a higher level of IL-2 than in diabetic mice. Histopathological alterations that accompanied diabetes induction were ameliorated after curcumin administration. The pancreatic islets of treated diabetic mice displayed a decline in the immunostaining positivity of phospho-NF-κB compared to diabetic mice.

Conclusion
These results suggest that curcumin has anti-diabetic properties as it can improve the damage caused to the pancreatic β cells by its preferential immunomodulatory action on T helper1-related cytokines, as well as the immunosuppressive activity on proinflammatory cytokines.
Reduction based on similarity and decision-making
Authors: El Atik Abd El Fattah A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReduction of attributes in an information system (IS) is a basic step for IS analysis. The original rough set model of Pawlak depends on an equivalence relation which is strongly constraints. This paper aims to use similarity classes and similarity degrees to obtain a reduction of IS and indicate an approach by using an example from biochemistry to get a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR). Moreover, signs of each attribute and degrees of memberships are computed to give a decision by using the degree of similarity. The suggested approach gives an increase in decision-making and decision accuracy.
Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Pre-Existing Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Microscopic Colitis
Authors: Grover Shilpa , Ruan Alex B. , Srivoleti Padmavathi , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Braschi-Amirfarzan Marta , Srivastava Amitabh , Buchbinder Elizabeth I. , Ott Patrick A. , Kehl Kenneth L. , Awad Mark M. , Hodi F. Stephen , Rahma Osama E. 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE: Enterocolitis is among the leading adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). There are limited retrospective data regarding the safety of ICIs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) because they have been generally excluded from clinical trials testing ICIs. Furthermore, there are no outcome data available in patients with microscopic colitis, a leading cause of chronic diarrhea. We aimed to study the safety of ICIs in patients with cancer with pre-existing IBD or microscopic colitis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with cancer treated at our institution who received at least 1 dose of either a programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/ PD-1 ligand inhibitor, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitor, or both between 2011 and 2018. We identified patients with pre-existing IBD or microscopic colitis. RESULTS: Of 548 patients with solid tumor treated with an ICI, we identified 25 with pre-existing colitis (21 IBD; 4 microscopic colitis). An enterocolitis flare occurred in 7 patients (28%): 3 of 4 patients (75%) with microscopic colitis and 4 of 21 (19%) with IBD. All were treated with systemic corticosteroids, 2 required an anti–tumor necrosis factor agent, and one required an anti-integrin agent and colectomy for treatment of refractory colitis. ICI therapy was discontinued in all patients who experienced an enterocolitis flare. CONCLUSION: In our cohort, exacerbation of enterocolitis occurred in a notable percentage of patients with IBD and a majority of patients with microscopic colitis, leading to discontinuation of ICIs. Although these data suggest that patients with cancer with pre-existing IBD/microscopic colitis may be treated with ICIs, additional studies are needed to validate our results.
Assessment of the beta-delayed proton decay rate of 11Be
Authors: Volya A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The 11Be neutron halo nucleus appears to decay into 10Be with a rate that exceeds expectations. Neutron disappearance into dark matter, beta decay of a halo neutron, or beta-delayed proton decay have been offered as explanations. In this work we study the latter option; we carry out shell model calculations and sequential decay analysis examining the beta-delayed proton decay going through a resonance in 11B. The narrow energy window, lack of states with sufficient spectroscopic strength, overwhelming alpha decay branch, all make reconciling the observed rate with beta-delayed proton decay difficult.
Aggressive pelvic angiomyxoma and its mimics: can imaging be the guiding light?
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Goyal Ankur , Manchanda Smita , Sharma Raju , Kumar Atin , Bansal Virinder Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the imaging characteristics of aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) and identify features which would help to differentiate it from similar appearing lesions.

Methods:
A retrospective review of departmental records was done and cases where AA was suspected on CT or MRI were included. With histopathology as gold-standard, the cases were grouped into AA or mimics and differentiating features were identified on USG, CT and MRI. Fischer’s exact test was applied for the statistical significance of the differentiating features.

Results:
18 patients were identified of which 2 were excluded for lack of histopathology records. 10 were AA and 6 mimics which included 2 fibromatoses, 2 neurogenic tumors, and 1 each of germ cell tumor and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. On MRI, all AA showed T2 hyperintensity and intense contrast enhancement with characteristic laminated pattern in 7/9 cases. Diffusion restriction was seen in 2/3 cases, cystic component in 4/10 and hemorrhage in 1/10 cases. Pelvic fibromatosis was the closest imaging differential showing laminated pattern in one of the cases.

Conclusion:
Large pelvic mass with abdominal/perineal extension in reproductive age female patient should lead to suspicion of AA. Laminated pattern on T 2 weighted images and intense homogeneous contrast enhancement further add to the diagnostic confidence.

Advances in knowledge:
This study for the first time describes radiological mimics of AA. Large cystic component, diffusion restriction, hemorrhage and organ infiltration have not been previously described in AA.
Patient treatment pathways of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in coastal South India: Road to a drug resistant tuberculosis center
Authors: Rathi Priya , Shringarpure Kalpita , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Pandey Abhinav , Nair Abhirami 
Published: May 2020

Background: Delays in initiating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) treatment adds risk to individual patients and the community due to disease progression, and on-going transmission. The Government of India offers free TB diagnosis and treatment, however many presumptive MDR TB patients wander within the Indian healthcare system and delay accessing the programme. To improve access to care, it is imperative to understand the treatment pathways taken by MDR TB patients. We aimed to describe the diagnostic and treatment pathway taken by presumptive MDR TB patients registered under Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant TB Program. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study amongst patients registered during August 2016 – April 2017 at one District Drug Resistance Tuberculosis centre of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka, India. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the number, type (private and public sector), and dates of healthcare facilities (HCFs) visits prior to the initiation of MDR TB treatment. Delays in pathway were measured in days and summarised as median and interquartile range (IQR), from the date of onset of illness until the initiation of MDR TB treatment. Results: We found that patients preferred private HCFs; however, due to lack of treatment and unaffordability they shifted to public HCFs. Median delay to register under the program was more in private HCFs (180 days) in comparison with public HCFs (120 days). We also found that the detection rates were much higher in public HCFs (80%). Conclusion: The present study found that there was substantial patient delay and total delay in diagnosis and treatment of MDR TB patients. Private HCF was first point of contact for most of the patients; however the diagnostic yield was high in public HCF. The government should involve private HCFs to provide standard diagnostics and treatment to the patients seeking a private facility.
Network Trust and Trust Behaviors Among Executives in Supply Chain Interactions
Authors: Choi Emily W. , Özer Özalp , Zheng Yanchong 
Published: May 2020

We integrate the results of a social network survey and a forecast information sharing experiment to examine the roles of trust and trustworthiness in impacting high-ranking executives’ decisions in supply chain interactions. The members of our executive sample have, on average, 17 years of work experience. A significant portion of them holds positions at the C-level in world-leading organizations that span a wide range of industries. By examining the roles of trust and trustworthiness in the decision making of high-ranking executives, we find strong external validation for as well as demonstrate how these nonpecuniary, behavioral factors impact the outcomes of business interactions. We employ a multimethod research design that allows us to investigate the extent to which the executives’ trust beliefs toward a relevant network of exchange partners (which we define as their “network trust”) impact their trust behaviors when engaging in business interactions with members of this network. We determine the conditions pertaining to the executives’ professional experiences that strengthen or weaken the impact of network trust on the executives’ trust behaviors in supply chain interactions. For example, executives with more diverse professional experiences rely more on network trust to shape their trust behaviors. Conversely, executives with prior positive trust experiences rely less on network trust in their trusting behaviors. We quantify that improved trust and trustworthiness can yield up to 41%, 6%, and 5% gain in the expected profit of the supplier, the retailer, and the supply chain. Our results offer tangible implications for how organizations can better leverage executives’ knowledge about how much to rely on network trust in business interactions to achieve better outcomes. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
How Do Consumers Avoid Penalty Fees? Evidence from Credit Cards
Authors: Gathergood John , Sakaguchi Hiroaki , Stewart Neil , Weber Jörg 
Published: May 2020

Using data from multiple card issuers, we show that the most common penalty fee type incurred by credit card holders, late payment fees, declines sharply over the first few months of card life. This phenomenon is wholly due to some consumers adopting automatic payments after a late payment event, thereby insuring themselves against future late payment fees. Nonadopters, who remain on manual-only payments, experience an unchanged high likelihood of future fees, despite exhibiting ample levels of available liquidity. Our results show that heterogeneity in adopting account management features of financial products, such as automatic payments, is important for understanding who avoids financial mistakes. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
The Limits of Incentives in Economic Matching Procedures
Authors: Hassidim Avinatan , Romm Assaf , Shorrer Ran I. 
Published: May 2020

Organizations often require agents’ private information to achieve critical goals such as efficiency or revenue maximization, but frequently it is not in the agents’ best interest to reveal this information. Strategy-proof mechanisms give agents incentives to truthfully report their private information. In the context of matching markets, they eliminate agents’ incentives to misrepresent their preferences. We present direct field evidence of preference misrepresentation under the strategy-proof deferred acceptance in a high-stakes matching environment. We show that applicants to graduate programs in psychology in Israel often report that they prefer to avoid receiving funding, even though the mechanism preserves privacy and funding comes with no strings attached and constitutes a positive signal of ability. Surveys indicate that other kinds of preference misrepresentation are also prevalent. Preference misrepresentation in the field is associated with weaker applicants. Our findings have important implications for practitioners designing matching procedures and for researchers who study them. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, decision analysis.
LEITURA GEOGRÁFICA NO CONTEXTO DA COVID-19 EM RONDÔNIA AO NORTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Belforte Laila Cíntia Mota , Reis Rafaela Da Silva Pereira , Silva Gilberto Paulino da , Cavalcante Maria Madalena De Aguiar 
Published: May 2020

Estudos em geografia têm desempenhado um papel importante na leitura sobre o avanço na luta contra o COVID-19. A Geografia evidencia a necessidade de identificar, monitorar e reconhecer esse avanço na análise espaço-temporal na compreensão do seu avanço. Assim, o objetivo do artigo é espacializar os casos de Covid-19 e os números de Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo (UTI) no estado de Rondônia, de modo a fomentar medidas de isolamento social. A metodologia teve como foco a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e o uso do software Quantum Gis 12.2. Como resultado, verificou-se que os mapas constituem um elemento essencial para a compreensão e visualização da propagação do coronavírus, e a velocidade temporal com que se expande, fato, que tem contribuído enquanto suporte para as decisões sobre a flexibilização ou isolamento social, horizontal, colaborando para o planejamento, como é o caso demonstrado para o estado de Rondônia, com a variável número de UTIs das regiões de saúde, onde a quantidade de leitos devem cobrir cada 1 mil habitantes, o que não corresponde ao mínino de 1,5 leitos recomendados pela portaria 1.101/2002 do Ministério da Saúde, o que enfaticamente aponta o isolamento social como medida eficaz ao enfrentamento da contaminação pelo coronavírus.