bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying patient‐specific flow of signal transduction perturbed by multiple single‐nucleotide alterations
Authors: Kholod Olha , Shyu Chi‐Ren , Mitchem Jonathan , Kaifi Jussuf , Shin Dmitriy 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIdentifying patient‐specific flow of signal transduction perturbed by multiple single‐nucleotide alterations is critical for improving patient outcomes in cancer cases. However, accurate estimation of mutational effects at the pathway level for such patients remains an open problem. While probabilistic pathway topology methods are gaining interest among the scientific community, the overwhelming majority do not account for network perturbation effects from multiple single‐nucleotide alterations.MethodsHere we present an improvement of the mutational forks formalism to infer the patient‐specific flow of signal transduction based on multiple single‐nucleotide alterations, including non‐synonymous and synonymous mutations. The lung adenocarcinoma and skin cutaneous melanoma datasets from TCGA Pan‐Cancer Atlas have been employed to show the utility of the proposed method.ResultsWe have comprehensively characterized six mutational forks. The number of mutated nodes ranged from one to four depending on the topological characteristics of a fork. Transitional confidences (TCs) have been computed for every possible combination of single‐nucleotide alterations in the fork. The performed analysis demonstrated the capacity of the mutational forks formalism to follow a biologically explainable logic in the identification of high‐likelihood signaling routes in lung adenocarcinoma and skin cutaneous melanoma patients. The findings have been largely supported by the evidence from the biomedical literature.ConclusionWe conclude that the formalism has a great chance to enable an assessment of patient‐specific flow by leveraging information from multiple single‐nucleotide alterations to adjust the transitional likelihoods that are solely based on the canonical view of a disease.
Altered cortical bone strength and lean mass in young women with long-duration (19 years) type 1 diabetes
Authors: Novak Daniel , Forsander Gun , Kristiansen Eva , Svedlund Anna , Magnusson Per , Swolin-Eide Diana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo investigate bone health and body composition in young women with long-duration type 1 diabetes (T1D) in relation to matched controls. Twenty-three Swedish women, age 19.2–27.9 years, with a T1D duration of 10 years or more were recruited from the Swedish National Diabetes Registry (NDR). An age-, gender- and geography-matched control group was recruited. Bone mass and body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Data was retrieved from the NDR and SWEDIABKIDS registries. T1D individuals had a mean diabetes duration of 19 years. T1D individuals had reduced lean mass (40.0 ± 6.1 kg vs. 43.9 ± 4.9 kg) and were shorter (1.66 ± 0.06 m vs. 1.71 ± 0.06 m) although comparable BMI. Subjects with T1D had lower muscle area (P = 0.0045). No differences were observed for fractures; physical activity; total, lumbar spine or femur areal bone mineral density. The cortical bone strength strain index was lower for TD1 patients (1875 ± 399 mm3vs. 2277 ± 332 mm3). In conclusion, young women with long-term diabetes duration showed reduced cortical bone strength, decreased periosteal circumference, endosteal circumference and altered body composition. These factors contribute to the health burden of TD1, which warrants further attention for advancing bone health in women with T1D.
The meaning and functions of French je pense
(que)
Authors: Angot Juliette , Hansen Maj-Britt Mosegaard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the meanings of the French construction je pense (que) (‘I think (that)’, henceforth JP), as well as its uses in social interaction. We propose an account of JP as a micro-construction with two basic elements of coded meaning, either one of which may be pragmatically foregrounded in a given context of use. As a direct result of its constructional meaning, which we argue is situated at the context level rather than at the content level of discourse, the expression frequently functions as a pragmatic marker in conversation. We show that uses of JP may fulfil both interpersonal, face-related functions and discourse-organizational ones. Our analysis has implications for the way JP and similar expressions in French and other languages are categorized and how their pragmatic functions may be seen to have developed. It also raises interesting questions with regard to the psycholinguistic processing of such constructions.
On how the distinction between reciprocal and collective verbs
affects (anti-)control
Authors: Snarska Anna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The phenomenon of Partial Control (henceforth
PC), allegedly generating a non-exhaustive referential relation
between a matrix argument and a silent subject, has enjoyed the
status of a fully-fledged type of control since Landau (2000). The present
paper aims to question its existence. Drawing upon the data from
both English and Polish, I show how important it is for the theory
of PC to properly distinguish between collective predicates and
reciprocal verbs. I argue that both types of verbs invariably
exhibit Exhaustive Control and the ostensible ‘PC-effect’ stems from
the fact that the reciprocal verbs may co-occur with non-lexical
‘with NP’ phrase (discontinuous phrase). The data
concerning Polish anti-control constructions supports the proposed
analysis.
Advancing diet reconstruction in fish eye lenses
Authors: Bell‐Tilcock Miranda , Jeffres Carson A. , Rypel Andrew L. , Sommer Ted R. , Katz Jacob V. E. , Whitman George , Johnson Rachel C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Tracking habitat use and dietary shifts in migratory species is vital to conservation and management. Yet, conventional animal tracking often precludes tracking small juveniles at critical life stages where recruitment bottlenecks often manifest.

Stable isotope analysis (SIA) in consecutive laminae in eye lenses, a protein‐rich depositional tissue, has emerged as a promising tool in fishes to develop long‐term interpretive records of dietary histories using a single archival tissue. Currently, studies using fish eye lenses to study SIA in diets have primarily been conducted in marine environments using δ13C and δ15N to identify resource partitioning, ontogenetic shifts and lifelong trophic histories. To date, no studies have examined freshwater taxa nor used δ34S isotopes.

We placed juvenile (Chinook Salmon) Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in experimental enclosures in three different freshwater habitats (hatchery, river and seasonal floodplain), each with isotopically distinct and well‐characterized food webs. This experimental approach allowed us to directly measure diets and quantify tissue turnover rates in eye lenses as well as the isotopic fractionation among fish tissues (fin and muscle tissue) in distinct habitat types using stable isotopes δ13C, δ15N and δ34S.

Bulk eye‐lens stable isotope measurements were analysed for juvenile salmon lenses and were found to be consistent with the isotopic values of rearing habitats. Slight additional isotopic fractionation was only found in δ13C. We then successfully applied the method to a larger, reproductively mature adult salmon captured in freshwater and inferred juvenile habitat use.

SIA in eye lenses using three dietary isotopes (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S) has significant potential for answering critical questions about migration, diet, foraging ecology and life history of migratory aquatic animals on Earth. Such information would have immediate application towards conservation management of diverse species and habitats at multiple scales.
Maternal caregiving capabilities are associated with child linear growth in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Tome Joice , Mbuya Mduduzi N. N. , Makasi Rachel R. , Ntozini Robert , Prendergast Andrew J. , Dickin Katherine L. , Pelto Gretel H. , Constas Mark A. , Moulton Lawrence H. , Stoltzfus Rebecca J. , Humphrey Jean H. , Matare Cynthia R. ,   for the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial Team
Published: December 2020

AbstractBetween birth and 2 years, children's well‐being depends on the quality of care they receive from caregivers, primarily their mothers. We developed a quantitative survey instrument to assess seven psychosocial characteristics of women that determine their caregiving ability (‘maternal capabilities’: physical health, mental health, decision‐making autonomy, social support, mothering self‐efficacy, workload and time stress, and gender norm attitudes). We measured maternal capabilities in 4,025 mothers and growth in their 4,073 children participating in the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial in rural Zimbabwe. We used generalized estimating equation models with exchangeable correlation structure to test the association between each maternal capability during pregnancy, and infant length‐for‐age Z (LAZ) at 18 months, accounting only for within‐cluster correlation and intervention arms in unadjusted analyses and for potential confounders in adjusted analyses to examine the association between each capability, assessed during pregnancy, with child LAZ at 18 months of age. In adjusted models, each unit increase in gender norm attitudes score (reflecting more equitable gender norm attitudes) was associated with +0.09 LAZ (95% CI: 0.02, 0.16) and a decreased odds of stunting (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.01); each unit increase in social support score was associated with +0.11 LAZ (95% CI: 0.05, 0.17, p < 0.010) and decreased odds of stunting (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.96). Each unit increase in decision‐making autonomy was associated with a 6% reduced odds of stunting (AOR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.996, p = 0.04). Interventions and social programming that strengthen these maternal capabilities may improve child nutritional status.
Revisiting the Warburg effect: historical dogma versus current understanding
Authors: Vaupel Peter , Multhoff Gabriele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContrary to Warburg's original thesis, accelerated aerobic glycolysis is not a primary, permanent and universal consequence of dysfunctional or impaired mitochondria compensating for poor ATP yield per mole of glucose. Instead, in most tumours the Warburg effect is an essential part of a ‘selfish’ metabolic reprogramming, which results from the interplay between (normoxic/hypoxic) hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) overexpression, oncogene activation (cMyc, Ras), loss of function of tumour suppressors (mutant p53, mutant phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), microRNAs and sirtuins with suppressor functions), activated (PI3K–Akt–mTORC1, Ras–Raf–MEK–ERK–cMyc, Jak–Stat3) or deactivated (LKB1–AMPK) signalling pathways, components of the tumour microenvironment, and HIF‐1 cooperation with epigenetic mechanisms. Molecular and functional processes of the Warburg effect include: (a) considerable acceleration of glycolytic fluxes; (b) adequate ATP generation per unit time to maintain energy homeostasis and electrochemical gradients; (c) backup and diversion of glycolytic intermediates facilitating the biosynthesis of nucleotides, non‐essential amino acids, lipids and hexosamines; (d) inhibition of pyruvate entry into mitochondria; (e) excessive formation and accumulation of lactate, which stimulates tumour growth and suppression of anti‐tumour immunity – in addition, lactate can serve as an energy source for normoxic cancer cells and drives malignant progression and resistances to conventional therapies; (f) cytosolic lactate being mainly exported through upregulated lactate–proton symporters (MCT4), working together with other H+ transporters, and carbonic anhydrases (CAII, CAIX), which hydrate CO2 from oxidative metabolism to form H+ and bicarbonate; (g) these proton export mechanisms, in concert with poor vascular drainage, being responsible for extracellular acidification, driving malignant progression and resistance to conventional therapies; (h) maintenance of the cellular redox homeostasis and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation; and (i) HIF‐1 overexpression, mutant p53 and mutant PTEN, which inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis and functions, negatively impacting cellular respiration rate. The glycolytic switch is an early event in oncogenesis and primarily supports cell survival. All in all, the Warburg effect, i.e. aerobic glycolysis in the presence of oxygen and – in principle – functioning mitochondria, constitutes a major driver of the cancer progression machinery, resistance to conventional therapies, and poor patient outcome. However, as evidenced during the last two decades, in a minority of tumours primary mitochondrial defects can play a key role promoting the Warburg effect and tumour progression due to mutations in some Krebs cycle enzymes and mitochondrial ROS overproduction.
image
Thermal Characterization of Building Walls Under Random Boundary Conditions
Authors: Sassine Emilio , Cherif Yassine , Antczak Emmanuel , Dgheim Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work aims to improve the knowledge on dynamic thermophysical characterization of building envelopes by comparing three numerical methods applied on an experimental wall made of masonry brick. The thermal conductivity λ and the thermal capacity ρCp are determined by performing a data fitting optimization between the experimental measurements of the heat flux and the heat flux resulting from these numerical models. The experimental device consists of a thermal box with a controlled ambiance through a radiator linked to a thermostatic bath and placed inside the thermal box, on the opposite side facing the wall. Three different methods were examined: the heat transfer matrix (HTM) analytical method using the HTM, the finite element method (FEM) using comsol multiphysics® software, and the building simulation model (BSM) method using trnsys® Type 56 coupled with Genopt® optimization tool. The reproducibility of the methods was also validated through two other datasets (one random and one harmonic). The obtained results were satisfactory for both λ and for ρCp and for the three studied methods with deviations less than 5% between the results of the different methods. The data logging duration for random boundary conditions was found to be around five days while in harmonic boundary conditions two days were sufficient for the solution to converge.
Malignant bowel obstruction: effectiveness and safety of systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Caparica Rafael , Amorim Larissa , Amaral Paulo , Uratani Lucas , Muniz David , Hendlisz Alain , de Azambuja Evandro , Glasberg João , Takahashi Tiago Kenji , Filho Elias Abdo , Canellas Rodrigo , Saragiotto Daniel , Sabbaga Jorge , Mak Milena 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesAlthough systemic chemotherapy is often administered to patients with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO), its benefit remains unknown. This study assessed the outcomes of patients who received systemic chemotherapy as part of MBO treatment.MethodsFor this retrospective cohort study, data were extracted from records of patients hospitalised due to MBO in a tertiary cancer centre from 2008 to 2020. Eligible patients were not candidates for surgery and received systemic chemotherapy targeting the underlying malignancy causing MBO. Primary objective was to assess patient outcomes after chemotherapy; secondary objectives were rates of intestinal function recovery, hospital discharge and grade ≥3 toxicities. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 167 patients were included: median age was 55 (18–81) years, 91% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≥2, 75.5% had gastrointestinal tumours and 70% were treatment-naive. The median OS after chemotherapy was 4.4 weeks (95% CI 3.4 to 5.5) in the overall population. No OS difference was observed according to treatment line (p=0.24) or primary tumour (p=0.13). Intestinal function recovery occurred in 87 patients (52%), out of whom 21 (24.1%) had a reobstruction. Hospital discharge was possible in 74 patients (44.3%). Grade≥3 adverse events occurred in 26.9% of the patients, and a total of 12 deaths (7%) attributed to toxicities were observed after chemotherapy.ConclusionsMBO was associated with a dismal prognosis in this mostly treatment-naive population. The administration of chemotherapy yielded a significant risk of toxicities, whereas it did not appear to provide any relevant survival benefit in this scenario.
Hospital memorial service bereavement support
Authors: Harper Andrew , Willis Karen 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPastoral care in an acute hospital setting necessarily includes some bereavement support for families of patients who die. Termed universal bereavement support, an important component of such support is provision of educational information to assist bereaved people struggling with grief. This project aimed to understand, from the perspective of those attending, the value of providing a memorial service for remembering a loved one and whether the education provided at the service successfully met the requirement of a universal bereavement support strategy.MethodsA qualitative study, comprising a semistructured telephone interview with memorial service attendees was undertaken. Data were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsTwenty-nine attendees participated. Three themes provided insights into attendees’ perceptions. The first theme encapsulated the value of remembering and celebrating the life of the deceased; the second theme focused on ‘finding our way through the grief process’ including the value of the educational materials ; and the third theme identified appreciation for the hospital in providing care to those bereaved.ConclusionThe memorial service provides a valued universal bereavement support strategy and such support strategies are an important part in the process of grieving for many attendees.
Does Terrorism Scare Tourism Away from South Asia and Africa?
Authors: Mehmood Bilal , Ilyas Saddam , Aleem Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
During times when terrorism is eroding almost all industries of victim economies, tourism industry is thought to be much prone to it. This paper investigates the long run relationship between terrorism and tourism for South Asian and African countries separately, allowing us to compare the results of the two regions. Long run relationship is analyzed via dynamic panel techniques (PMG, MG and DFE) on data for 22 African and 6 South Asian countries from 1991 to 2013. These panel cointegration techniques quantify the long-run relationship between terrorism and tourism. Terrorism has been found detrimental for tourism industry both in Africa and South Asia. Empirical findings affirm that terrorism has a long-run negative impact on tourism in both regions. Recommendations, on the basis of findings are proposed at the end.
Crystal structure of tetrakis[(Z)-(2-(1-(furan-2-yl)-2-methylpropylidene)-1-phenylhydrazin-1-ido-κ2
N,N′)] zirconium(IV), C56H60N8O4Zr
Authors: Duan Xin-E. , Wang Yu-Hang , Bai Sheng-Di , Tong Hong-Bo , Liu Bin-Shen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
C56H60N8O4Zr, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 24.665(4) Å, b = 18.836(3) Å, c = 25.425(6) Å, β = 114.364(4)°, V = 10760(4) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0550, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1239, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-4-phenyl-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)-1,3,5-triazine, C22H15N3O2
Authors: Li Jin , Zuo Zhenyu , Chen Yan , Liu Yali , Yin Dachuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
C22H15N3O2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 5.7613(4) Å, b = 12.3545(7) Å, c = 13.3427(8) Å, α = 110.002(2)°, β = 98.837(2)°, γ = 94.263(2)°, V = 873.55(9) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0471, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1376, T = 293 K.
Effect of cinnamon essential oil on morphological, flammability and thermal properties of nanocellulose fibre–reinforced starch biopolymer composites
Authors: M. O. Syafiq Razali , Sapuan Salit M. , Zuhri Mohd R. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The effect of different cinnamon essential oil (CEO) contents on flammability, thermal stability and morphological characteristics of nanocellulose fibre–reinforced starch biopolymer composites was studied. This sugar palm nanocellulose reinforced with sugar palm starch, containing 0–2% CEO, was prepared through solution casting technique. From scanning electron microscopy analysis, the cross-sections of the CEO-containing films showed appearance of micro-porous spots as micro-porous holes because of the occurrence of partial evaporation on the cryo-fractured surface as a result of the vacuum condition. Increment in CEO concentration resulted in increasing trend of the number and size of the micro-porous holes. Significant increase was observed in the thermal stability with the CEO loading when compared with neat composites. Besides that, increasing CEO loading also resulted in decrement of linear burning rate of the composites.
Multimodal Event Construals: The Role of Co-Speech Gestures in English vs. Czech Interactions
Authors: Jehlička Jakub , Lehečková Eva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAspectuality of events has been shown to be construed through various means in typologically diverse languages, ranging from mainly grammatical devices to conventionalized lexical means. The rise of multimodal studies in linguistics allows incorporating yet another semiotic layer into the description. In this context, we present a cross-linguistic study of multimodal event construals in Czech and English spontaneous conversations, based on multimodal corpora. We follow Croft’s (2012) cognitive model of aspectual types, in order to take into account multiple parameters (out of which the features of(un)boundednessanddirectednessare the most prominent) determining a particular aspectual contour of a verb in a given context. We investigate which feature combinations are associated with (un)boundedness of corresponding co-speech gestures. The multivariate analysis revealed that in English, gesture boundedness is predicted by the predicate’s general aspectual type, whereas in Czech, the more fine-grained features ofdirectednessandincrementalityare stronger predictors.
ANÁLISIS DE LAS ACCIONES TÉCNICO-TÁCTICAS DEL PORTERO DE FÚTBOL EN COMPETICIÓN
Authors: López-Gajardo M.A. , González-Ponce I. , Pulido J.J. , García-Calvo T. , Leo F.M. 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las diferencias en el número y tipo de acciones técnico-tácticas de los porteros en competición en función de la división y de si juegan como local o visitante. Para ello, se han analizado 80 partidos con un total de 160 porteros de 1ª, 2ª, 2ªB y 3ª división española. Los resultados mostraron que no existen diferencias significativas entre el número de acciones medias realizadas por partido en cada división, pero sí se encontraron diferencias significativas en 9 de los 48 gestos técnico-tácticos específicos estudiados. Además, se encontraron pequeñas diferencias en cuanto al número de acciones en función de si los porteros juegan como local o visitante. Por tanto, la principal conclusión de este estudio es la importancia de analizar los tipos de acciones técnico-tácticas de los porteros ya que nos pueden ofrecer información relevante para el entrenamiento y la competición.