bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pueraria, scutellaria, and coptis decoction for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yang Maoyi , Hu Zhipeng , Yue Rensong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common health problem in the world. The overall goal of diabetes management is to control blood glucose and lipids, so as to reduce the incidence of complications. Pueraria, scutellaria, and coptis decoction (PSCD) is 1 of the representative Traditional Chinese medicine formula in the treatment of diabetes, which is widely used in clinical practice in China. At present, there are many clinical reports about this formula, but these reports have their own defects.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the current clinical evidence.

Methods and analysis:
A comprehensive literature search will be conducted and randomized controlled trials will be selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fasting blood glucose and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose will be selected as the main outcomes. The secondary outcomes are glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, glycerol, low-density cholesterol, high-density cholesterol and adverse effects. Chi-square and I
2 test will be used to test the heterogeneity of the study. Subgroup analysis will be conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity and sensitivity will be conducted to test the stability of the results. Funnel plot will be used to evaluate publication bias. Finally, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluate system will be used to summarize the quality of evidence.

Results:
The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Conclusion:
This research will evaluate the efficacy of Pueraria, scutellaria, and coptis decoction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. It will provide strong evidence-based support for clinical practice.

OSF registration number:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WVDE5
Long-term follow-up results in patients with thoracolumbar unstable burst fracture treated with temporary posterior instrumentation without fusion and implant removal surgery
Authors: Ko Sangbong , Jung Sukhan , Song Sukkyoon , Kim Jun-Young , Kwon Jaibum 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Segmental fusion is not necessarily needed in treatment of thoracolumbar unstable burst fracture requiring surgery. Our objective was to report the results of follow-up for at least 10 years in patients with thoracolumbar unstable burst fracture requiring surgery in which fractured segment was healed following temporary posterior instrumentation without fusion, and in whom implants were subsequently removed.
Retrospective Cohort Study.
Nineteen patients in whom union of fractured vertebra was observed following surgery and in whom implants were removed within an average 12.2 months, and who could be followed up for at least 10 years, were enrolled.
At the last follow-up, we evaluated the segmental motions, anterior body height ratio, progress of further kyphotic deformity, Oswestry Disability Index, Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Short Form 36.
Results: The follow-up period after implant removal surgery was 151 months on average. The local kyphotic angle was 26.89 ± 6.08 degrees at the time of injury and 10.11 ± 2.22 degrees at the last follow-up. The anterior body height ratio was 0.54 ± 0.16 at the time of injury and 0.89 ± 0.05 at the last follow-up. Thus, the fractured vertebra was significantly reduced after surgery and maintained till last follow-up. The segmental motion was 9.84 ± 3.03, Oswestry Disability Index was 7.95 ± 7.38, Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire was 2.17 ± 2.67, short form 36 Physical Component Score was 77.50 ± 16.61, and short form 36 Mental Component Score was 79.21 ± 13.32 at last follow-up.
We conducted at least 10-year follow-up and found that temporary posterior instrumentation without fusion should be considered one of the useful alternative treatments for thoracolumbar unstable burst fracture in place of the traditional posterior instrumentation and fusion.
Correlation study between serum neuro-specific enolase and gastric and colorectal cancers
Authors: Luo Hai , Shen Kexin , Sun Hongyan , Li Ruiqi , Wang Zeming , Xie Zhongshi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the diagnostic value of preoperative serum neuro-specific enolase (NSE) in gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and the diagnostic viability of combined serum NSE, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA)19-9, and CA242.
Patients with GC and CRC, and a healthy control group (n = 666 and 266, respectively) were compared with regard to NSE, CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 serum levels. NSE was analyzed for associations with clinicopathological parameters. To estimate the diagnostic potential of NSE, a receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed and the area under the curve (AUCs) was calculated for different patient subgroups.
The median serum NSE level of the tumor group (20.925 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that of the control (15.190 ng/mL). Serum NSE was associated with pathological tumor-node-metastasis staging, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, vascular invasion, and nerve infiltration. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for NSE in GC and CRC (0.769) was higher than for the other 3 markers (0.571–0.680). The AUC of the combined markers was higher than for any of the markers individually (0.778–0.810).
The AUC for NSE alone suggests it may be an independent tumor marker, and useful for diagnosis of GC and CRC. However, the AUC for combined NSE, CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 was higher and thus potentially more diagnostic value.
Effects of hypertension in patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Yuan Zhengzhou , Chen Ning , Zhou Muke , Guo Jian , Zhang Yanan , Li Yanbo , He Li 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background:
Available evidence shows conflicting results with regard to a potential detrimental effect of hypertension on clinical outcomes in patients who undergo mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of hypertension on the prognosis of patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) treated by MT.

Methods:
We systematically reviewed previous studies in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases that reported MT outcomes in AIS patients and their relationships with hypertension or blood pressure. We used a poor outcome (modified Rankin score >2 at 3 months) as the primary end point. Mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were the secondary end points. We incorporated a random effect for trials in all models.

Results:
Data from 6650 patients in 31 articles that evaluated the effect of hypertension or blood pressure on outcomes after MT were included. Compared with patients without hypertension, patients with hypertension had significantly higher odds of a poor outcome (odds ratio 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.57–0.85; I
2 = 43%) and higher mortality (odds ratio 1.70; 95% confidence interval 1.26–2.29; I
2 = 33%). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage did not differ by patient hypertension status.

Conclusions:
The present study confirms that hypertension and high blood pressure are associated with a poor outcome at 3 months after MT in AIS patients. However, the causal relationship between hypertension and a poor outcome remains undetermined, and further investigations are required to ascertain whether AIS patients receiving MT could benefit from intensive blood pressure control.
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of membranous nephropathy
Authors: Lu WanJun , Gong ShuHao , Li Juan , Luo HongWen , Wang Ying 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and objectives:
Rituximab (RTX) is considered to be a promising drug for curing membranous nephropathy. However, the efficacy and safety of RTX in treating membranous nephropathy remain uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of RTX in patients with membranous nephropathy.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using Pubmed, Embase, OVID, and Cochrane Library and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) case-controls and cohort studies published till 30 July 2019 were assessed. The studies assessing the efficacy and safety of RTX in patients with membranous nephropathy were included.

Results:
Eight relevant trials involving 542 patients were included in the meta-analysis. It was found that RTX did not significantly improve serum albumin levels and e-GFR when compared with the control group (including cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, prednisone, non-immunosuppressive anti-proteinuria treatment), serum albumin levels (OR = 0.31, 95%CI–0.12–0.74, P = .15), e-GFR (OR = –1.49, 95%CI–17.14–14.17, P = .85). However, RTX did reduce the serum creatinine (OR = –0.01, 95%CI–0.36–0.34, P = .95) and urinary protein (OR = –2.39, 95%CI –7.30 –2.53, P = .34) levels. Also, in comparison to the control group, RTX did improve the total remission rate (OR = 1.63, 95%CI 0.48–5.54, P = .43), achieve a higher rate of complete remission (OR = 2.54, 95%CI 1.65–3.90, P < .01) and also reduced the amount of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor-Antibody depletion in patients (OR = 5.59, 95%CI 1.81–17.2, P = .003). RTX-related adverse events were mostly mild (most infusion-related reactions) in nature and serious adverse events were rare.

Conclusion:
RTX proved to be efficient, well-tolerated and a safe drug in the treatment of membranous nephropathy. Most patients reach complete remission during the follow-up period, and relapse is rare. RTX may turn out to be promising in membranous nephropathy patients.
Meandering pulmonary veins
Authors: Lee Miji , Jeon Kyung Nyeo , Park Mi Jung , Bae Kyungsoo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Meandering pulmonary vein is a rare congenital pulmonary vascular anomaly. It presents unilateral single pulmonary vein that takes a circuitous route in the lung and drains normally into the left atrium. Most cases of meandering pulmonary vein have been reported to be right-sided. A few of them coincided with features of scimitar syndrome.

Patient concerns:
A 71-year-old woman and a 20-year-old man presented with incidentally found abnormal findings on chest radiographs.

Diagnosis:
Through multi-detector chest computed tomography, the 71-year-old woman was diagnosed as left-sided meandering pulmonary vein without any other anomalies while the 20-year-old man was diagnosed as having right-sided meandering pulmonary vein with features of scimitar syndrome.

Interventions:
Specific intervention was not performed for either patient.

Outcomes:
These patients were reassured and discharged. They are doing well without any respiratory symptoms.

Lessons:
Meandering pulmonary veins can occur on the left side and coincide with features of scimitar syndrome. Multi-detector computed tomography with 3D reconstruction allows clear depiction of vascular connections and associated anomalies, obviating the need for invasive procedures.
Fine-needle aspiration with rapid parathyroid hormone assay to identify parathyroid gland in thyroidectomy
Authors: Zou Xian , Shi Longshun , Zhu Guohua , Zhu Liguo , Bao Jiandong , Fan Jun , Hu Yonghong , Zhou Bin , Lv Zhongwei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To determine the levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the fluids of various tissues for identification of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy.
Our study comprised 31 patients with thyroid cancer who underwent lobectomy with central compartment dissection at our hospital from October 2014 to February 2015. A total of 186 tissue samples, including 28 from parathyroid glands and 158 from non-parathyroid tissues, were obtained during the operations. Tissue fluids were collected via fine-needle aspiration to measure PTH levels; the tissue was punctured 3 times with a 26-gauge syringe needle and washed with 0.5 mL normal saline. Tissues were also prepared for pathological examination.
PTH concentrations were significantly higher in parathyroid tissues than non-parathyroid tissues. None of the patients had irremediable parathyroid dysfunction after surgical resection.
Use of fine-needle aspiration for quantification of PTH levels in tissue fluids rapidly, safely, and effectively identifies the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy.
Recurrence of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee
Authors: Fang Yushun , Zhang Qingsong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare disease which may involve any joints. It has localized and diffuse forms, and the latter is more aggressive with a higher recurrence rate. Different treatments are applied to each form of the disease, but there is no standard surgical procedure or any consensus on whether adjuvant therapy should be used. Many factors may lead to recurrence of the disease; however, there is no reliable way to predict the recurrence.

Patient concerns:
A 21-year-old female patient presented with a one-year history of progressive pain of the right knee.

Diagnoses:
Pigmented villonodular synovitis.

Interventions:
We performed an anterior approach arthroscopic synovectomy and a posterior approach open synovectomy in the popliteal fossa, but the patient declined to take radiotherapy as a post-surgical adjuvant therapy. Then, she received a repeat arthroscopic synovectomy 20 months later because of the recurrent lesions, and a radiotherapy was performed 6 weeks after the second surgery.

Outcomes:
There were no abnormal signs in the right knee on magnetic resonance imaging scanning 6 months after the second surgery. The range of motion of her right knee was normal.

Lessons:
Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare disease which may involve any joints. Surgical resection plus adjuvant therapy is recommended for patients with risk factors of recurrence.
Antenatal administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine to prevent mother to child transmission in hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive pregnant women
Authors: Chen Zhe , Zeng Min , Liu Dan , Wu Lin , Zhang Lingli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study aims at evaluating the benefits and harms of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine (HBVac) in preventing mother to child transmission in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive pregnant women during antenatal period.

Methods:
Seven electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), and 3 clinical trial registry platforms were searched from inception date to December 2017. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this study. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was applied to assessing the risk of bias. The outcomes were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results:
Sixteen RCTs involving 2440 HBsAg positive pregnant women were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo group, HBIG and HBVac group had a significant decrease in the number of newborns who were HBsAg positive (relative risks [RR]: 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.18, 0.40], P < .00001) and HBV-DNA positive (RR: 0.25, 95% CI [0.09, 0.71], P = .010), and had a significant increase in the number of anti-HBs positive newborns (RR: 3.95, 95% CI [3.11, 5.00], P < .00001). After 1-year follow up, the number of HBsAg positive newborns continued to decline (RR: 0.09, 95% CI [0.04, 0.20], P < .00001) and the number of anti-HBs positive newborns continued to increase in HBIG and HBVac group (RR: 1.30, 95% CI [1.22, 1.38], P < .00001). Compared with HBIG group, HBIG and HBVac group had no significant difference in the number of HBsAg positive newborns (RR: 1.68, 95% CI [0.66, 4.30], P = .28), and had a significant decrease in the number of HBsAg positive newborns (RR: 0.31, 95% CI [0.12, 0.84], P = .02). Additionally, only 1 study reported 2 swelling cases, 4 studies were reported no adverse events, and 11 studies were not report adverse reaction.

Conclusions:
HBIG and HBVac could be an effective alternative for HBsAg positive pregnant women to prevent mother to child transmission. However, due to the limitations of the study, the long-term efficacy and safety of HBIG and HBVac still need long-term and high-quality research to confirm.
Jejuno-jejunal intussusception caused by a percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy tube in a pediatric patient: A case report
Authors: Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Nakayama Aiko , Nojiri Junichi , Yamanouchi Takeshi , Matsuo Muneaki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Although percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG-J) tubes are believed to reduce the side effect of aspiration, cautious catheter management is required. Intussusception is a serious complication of these tubes.

Patient concerns:
A 7-year-old boy bedridden with hypoxic encephalopathy owing to drowning at the age of 1 year was admitted our hospital with urinary retention for 1 month. At the age of 4 years, a PEG-J tube was inserted. Concomitant with hyperaldosteronemia, an intestinal intussusception from the duodenum to the jejunum was observed via computed tomography (CT). The patient's condition worsened dramatically; gastrointestinal perforation was suspected, and laparotomy was performed.

Diagnosis:
Jejuno-jejunal intussusception.

Interventions:
Open surgery was performed to release the intussusception. By assessing the reduced intestinal tract, the intussusception starting from a 50 cm portion from the Treitz ligament had been extended to 100 cm from the Treitz ligament. The oral side jejunum was dilated. No evidence of intestinal perforation or strangulated ileus was observed, and the intussusception was manually remediable.

Outcomes:
Preoperative CT examination showed intussusception from the duodenum to the jejunum. Laparotomy showed intussusception on the anal side of the Treitz ligament. With regard to the CT findings associated with the progression of intussusception to the duodenal site, as a result of the telescope phenomenon extending to the duodenum due to the relaxation of the Treitz ligament through repeated intussusception, it was considered that CT examination revealed intussusception extending from the jejunum to the duodenum of oral side. After 3 postoperative weeks, the patient was finally able to return home.

Lessons:
If the ileus is observed during the insertion of a PEG-J, clinicians should consider the possibility of intussusception even in the duodenum.
Update on in-vivo preclinical research models in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Kar Adwitiya , Wierman Margaret E. , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to summarize recent advances on development of in vivo preclinical models of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC).

Recent findings
Significant progress has been achieved in the underlying molecular mechanisms of adrenocortical tumorigenesis over the last decade, and recent comprehensive profiling analysis of ACC tumors identified several genetic and molecular drivers of this disease. Therapeutic breakthroughs, however, have been limited because of the lack of preclinical models recapitulating the molecular features and heterogeneity of the tumors. Recent publications on genetically engineered mouse models and development of patient-derived ACC xenografts in both nude mice and humanized mice now provide researchers with novel tools to explore therapeutic targets in the context of heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment in human ACC.

Summary
We review current in-vivo models of ACC and discuss potential therapeutic opportunities that have emerged from these studies.
Organ allocation in the age of the algorithm: avoiding futile transplantation – utility in allocation
Authors: Faitot Francois , Michard Baptiste , Artzner Thierry 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
This review describes and questions the evolution of allocation systems from local team decisions in the 20th century to patient-oriented allocation using complex algorithm predicting transplant benefit.

Recent findings
The opening years of the 2000s have seen the implementation of prioritization scores aiming at increasing transparency and reducing waitlist mortality. The 2010s have underlined the necessity of drawing the upper limits of how sick a patient can be while still ensuring acceptable survival. More complex algorithms evaluating transplant benefit have been implemented in allocation systems to take this issue into account.

Summary
Allocation algorithms are becoming more and more complex, integrating numerous parameters from both donor and recipient to achieve optimal matching. The limitations of implementing these complex algorithms are represented by the evermoving waiting list demography, geographic disparities between recipients and donors, team policy adaptation to rule changes, and implicit biases within the transplant community. Survival as the only metric by which to define benefit may be seen as restrictive; quality of life may be a fruitful measure for better defining benefit in organ transplantation in the future.
Normothermic machine perfusion of donor-lungs ex-vivo: promoting clinical adoption
Authors: Gilmour Jenny , Griffiths Chelsea , Pither Tom , Scott William E. , Fisher Andrew J. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
Lung transplantation offers the only realistic therapeutic option for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, this is impacted by a shortfall in availability of suitable donor-lungs. Normothermic machine perfusion of donor-lungs outside the donor body also known as ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) offers a potential solution through objective assessment, reconditioning and treatment of donor-lungs initially deemed unsuitable for use. This review discusses key advances and challenges in the wider clinical adoption of this technology.

Recent findings
This review will summarize key research within the following areas: recent clinical trials utilizing EVLP, logistical challenges, EVLP protocol innovations, novel assessment methods and current research into therapeutic modulation of lung function during EVLP.

Summary
Normothermic machine perfusion of donor-lungs ex-vivo offers a promising platform to assess and modulate donor-lung quality prior to transplantation. Consensus on how and when to best utilize EVLP is yet to be reached, meaning that widespread clinical adoption of the technology has not yet become a reality. Further work is needed on agreed indications, perfusion protocols and organization of services before becoming a regularly used procedure prior to lung transplantation.