bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning of a Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework by Liquid‐Assisted Mechanosynthesis between Trans‐Aconitic Acid and Isonicotinamide
Authors: Gogoi Diptajyoti , Sasaki Toshiyuki , Kalita Nabadeep , Sethi Tapaswini , Ichiyanagi Kouhei , Nakane Takanori , Kawamoto Akihiro , Das Dinabandhu , Kurisu Genji , Thakuria Ranjit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCocrystallization of trans‐aconitic acid (TACA) and isonicotinamide (INA) using liquid assisted mechanochemical grinding results in a unique supramolecular hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) system encapsulating various organic solvents (liquid guest) with the formation of channel inclusion compounds. Dimension and shape of the framework is dependent on the solvent used during liquid assisted grinding (LAG). Although crystal structure of the cocrystal (TACA) ⋅ (INA)2 ⋅ (H2O)@(INA)0.5 has been determined by Single Crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD), crystal structures of 3 cocrystal HOFs were determined by microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction due to lack of suitable single crystal. PXRD analysis confirms isostructurality of various host‐guest systems; whereas guest incorporation as well as stability of the HOFs were further confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis. This study demonstrates that the framework of HOFs can be tuned by varying solvent molecules used during LAG.
Role of eosinophil counts in mediating the association between asthma and colon cancer
Authors: Zhan Zhi‐Qing , Huang Ze‐Min , Xie Zhi‐Xin , Zhou Hao‐Bin , Luo Yu‐Hua , Chen Pei‐Zhen , Luo Tian‐Ye , Sun Baoqing , Cheng Zhangkai J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological findings regarding the association between asthma and the risk of colon cancer (CC) are inconsistent. The causality and potential molecular mechanisms underlying asthma, eosinophil count, and CC remain unknown.MethodsWe performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causality between asthma and CC and attempted to demonstrate that asthma indirectly affects CC mediated by eosinophil count through mediation analysis. Sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR were performed to test the robustness of our findings. Multiple bioinformatics tools were applied to further investigate the underlying mechanisms related to eosinophils that contribute to the pathogenesis of both asthma and CC.ResultsMR with mediation analyses suggested that eosinophil count may play a role in the mechanism through which asthma reduces the risk of CC. Our bioinformatic analyses identified PPP1R14A as a potential therapeutic target and an eosinophil‐associated biomarker for CC patients. Higher expression of PPP1R14A may be associated with a poorer prognosis in CC patients. Additionally, the lysosome pathway emerges as a shared eosinophil‐related pathway in both asthma and CC.ConclusionsEosinophils may contribute to a lower risk of CC in patients with asthma. PPP1R14A is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for CC.
Diffusion Coefficient Analysis by Dynamic Light Scattering Enables Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration
Authors: Nielinger Lena , Alker Katharina , Hiller Wolf , Urner Leonhard H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe critical micelle concentration is an important property of supramolecular detergents. Two dynamic light scattering approaches have been developed for critical micelle concentration analysis, i. e., concentration‐dependent light scattering intensity analysis and diffusion coefficient analysis. Their utility as complementary tools for a reproducible determination of critical micelle concentration remains to be clarified. Herein, we address the question which of the two approaches is more suitable for obtaining reproducible critical micelle concentration values. We systematically compare both approaches in context with common detergent classes and benchmark utility by means of literature values. Our results show that the diffusion coefficient analysis delivers reproducible critical micelle concentration values in aqueous solutions. Our findings outline a roadmap to guide the critical micelle concentration analysis of detergents by dynamic light scattering in the future.
Advances in Artificial Photosynthesis: The Role of Chalcogenides and Chalcogenide‐Based Heterostructures
Authors: Rahman Ashmalina , Parwaiz Shaikh , Sohn Youngku , Mansoob Khan Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis, encompassing the photocatalytic generation of H2 and CO2 reduction innovations, seems to be a highly promising approach. This is due to its ability to efficiently transform CO2 into hydrocarbon fuel and valuable chemical products using solar energy as a direct energy source. This will simultaneously help to mitigate global warming and energy shortage issues. Chalcogenide‐based semiconductors have recently gotten a lot of attention as an important area of research for photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 conversion, owing to their low band gap energy, suitable band structures, and a great photoresponsivity spectrum. Modifying chalcogenides into their heterostructures could be a great way to solve problems like photo corrosion and carrier recombination. Therefore, this review summarized a series of different modifications of chalcogenides and recent developments in their photocatalytic and photo electrocatalytic performance, particularly in H2 production and CO2 conversion. Lastly, we discussed the challenges, limitations, areas for development, and future prospects of chalcogenides and their heterostructures capable of utilizing visible light to produce H2 gas and reduce CO2.
Investigating intra‐tumoural heterogeneity and microenvironment diversity in primary cardiac angiosarcoma through single‐cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Huo Jingyuan , Wang Zhen , Zhao Wenting , Chen Miao , Li Haoyang , He Fengpu , Tian Xiao , Ma Yaqi , Husanova Firyuza , Ma Liang , Ni Yiming , Ding Hongda , Li Weidong , Xu Hongfei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cardiac angiosarcoma (PCAS) is a rare and aggressive heart tumour with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Understanding cellular heterogeneity and tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for the development of effective therapies. Here, we investigated the intratumoural heterogeneity and TME diversity of PCAS using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq).MethodsWe performed scRNA‐seq analysis on tumour samples from four patients with PCAS, supplemented with multicolour immunohistochemistry for identification. We used scRNA‐seq data from five normal cardiac tissue samples downloaded from public databases for comparative analyses. Bioinformatic analyses, including Cell Ranger, Seurat, Monocle2, hdWGCNA, SCENIC and NicheNet, were utilized to identify distinct cell populations, transcriptional patterns, and co‐regulating gene modules.ResultsOur analysis revealed significant intratumoural heterogeneity in PCAS driven by diverse biological processes such as protein synthesis, degradation, and RIG‐I signalling inhibition. The SCENIC analysis identified three primary transcription factors' clusters (CEBPB, MYC and TAL1). T‐cell subset analysis showed exhausted antigen‐specific T‐cells, complicating the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. Furthermore, we observed suppressive macrophages (SPP1+ and OLR1+) and reduced mitochondrial gene MT‐RNR2 (MTRNR2L12) expression in TME‐infiltrating cells, indicating impaired mitochondrial function.ConclusionThis study elucidates the complex cellular landscape and immune microenvironment of PCAS, highlighting potential molecular targets for the development of novel therapies. These findings underscore the importance of a multifaceted therapeutic approach for addressing the challenges posed by PCAS's heterogeneity and immune evasion.Key points
Insights into the heterogeneity and transcriptional patterns of sarcoma cells may explain the challenges in treating primary cardiac angiosarcoma (PCAS) using the current therapeutic modalities.
Characterization of the immune microenvironment revealed significant immunosuppression mediated by specific myeloid cell populations (SPP1+ and OLR1+ macrophages).
Identification of mitochondrial dysfunction in immune cells within the PCAS microenvironment, particularly the notable downregulation of the MTRNR2L12 protein, suggests a new avenue for therapeutic targeting.
Epithelial NSD2 maintains FMO‐mediated taurine biosynthesis to prevent intestinal barrier disruption
Authors: Xu Yue , Xiao Xiuying , Ma Chunxiao , Wang Ziyi , Feng Wenxin , Rao Hanyu , Zhang Wei , Liu Ningyuan , Aji Rebiguli , Meng Xiangjun , Gao Wei‐Qiang , Li Li 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents a significant challenge due to its intricate pathogenesis. NSD2, a histone methyltransferase responsible for dimethylating histone 3 at lysine 36, is associated with transcriptional activation. NSD2 expression is decreased in both the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of IBD patients and the IBD mouse model. However, the precise role of NSD2 in IBD remains unexplored.MethodsColon tissues from IBD mice, SW620 cells and MC38 cells, were used as research subjects. Clinical databases of IBD patients were analysed to investigate whether NSD2 expression is reduced in the occurrence of IBD. NSD2‐knockout mice were generated to further investigate the role of NSD2 in IBD. The IECs were isolated for RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to identify molecular signalling pathways and key molecules leading to IBD in mice. Molecular and cellular experiments were conducted to analyse and validate the role of NSD2 in the development of IBD. Finally, rescue experiments were performed to confirm the molecular mechanism of NSD2 in the development of IBD.ResultsDeficiency of NSD2 in mouse IECs aggravated epithelial barrier disruption and inflammatory response in IBD. Mechanistically, NSD2 loss led to downregulation of H3K36me2 and flavin‐containing monooxygenase (FMO) (taurine‐synthesis enzyme) mRNA, resulting in decreased taurine biosynthesis in IECs. Significantly, supplementation with taurine markedly alleviated the symptoms of NSD2 deficiency‐induced IBD.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that NSD2 plays a pivotal role in maintaining FMO‐mediated taurine biosynthesis to prevent intestinal inflammation. Our findings also underscore the importance of NSD2‐H3K36me2‐mediated taurine biosynthesis in maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier homeostasis.Key points
In this study, we investigated the role of the histone methyltransferase NSD2 in preventing intestinal barrier disruption by sustaining taurine biosynthesis. NSD2 levels were reduced in both human specimens and mouse models of IBD. We demonstrate that NSD2 loss hinders the process of taurine synthesis in intestinal cells, leading to increased intestinal inflammation.
Supplementation with taurine significantly relieved the symptoms caused by NSD2 deficiency. These data suggest that maintenance of NSD2‐mediated taurine biosynthesis is vital for preserving the intestinal barrier and attenuating inflammation.
Design and Discovery of New Dual Carbonic Anhydrase IX and VEGFR‐2 Inhibitors Based on the Benzenesulfonamide‐Bearing 4‐Thiazolidinones/2,4‐Thiazolidinediones Scaffold
Authors: Zengin Merve , Unsal Tan Oya , Sabuncuoglu Suna , Arafa Reem K. , Balkan Ayla 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDual‐targeting drug design has become a popular approach in investigating and developing potent anticancer agents. In this regard, carbonic anhydrase (CAIX) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR‐2) are emerging as highly effective targets in the battle against cancer. In the present study, two series of 4‐thiazolidinones/2,4‐thiazolidinediones carrying 2‐methylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential dual CAIX/VEGFR‐2 inhibitors. All the target compounds were evaluated against CAIX enzyme compared to dorzolamide and acetazolamide, subsequently the most potent CAIX inhibitors (3a, 3b, 3o, 6d, 6g, and 6i) were selected to evaluate their inhibitory activity against VEGFR‐2 using sorafenib as a reference drug. These compounds were also evaluated against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells and the murine fibroblast 3T3 cell line. According to the results, 3b (CAIX IC50 = 0.035 µM, VEGFR‐2 IC50 = 0.093 µM) and 6i (CAIX IC50 = 0.041 µM, VEGFR‐2 IC50 = 0.048 µM) emerged the most potent compounds against CAIX and VEGFR‐2. Furthermore, docking studies of selected compounds were performed with the CAIX and the tyrosine kinase domain of VEGFR‐2 to comprehend the ligand‐binding interactions. Physicochemical predictions were examined using in silico techniques. In conclusion, these scaffolds present promising leads and furnish promising chemical backbones for the design of potent dual CAIX and VEGFR‐2 inhibitors.b
Get it while it's hot: Benefits of a large herbivore exploiting stochastic resource pulses in a time of food scarcity
Authors: Dwinnell Samantha P. H. , Beumer Larissa T. , van der Wal René , Albon Steve D. , Pedersen Åshild Ø. , Holand Øystein , Hansen Brage B. , Irvine R. Justin , Ropstad Erik , Veiberg Vebjørn , Loe Leif Egil 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo persist in seasonal environments, animals track, exploit, and store energy when food is plentiful. Seasonal changes in plant phenology that are predictable allow animals to track abundant food resources. However, little is known about how animals use and benefit from ephemeral and unpredictable food pulses during times when food is scarce. Climate change is altering the timing, abundance, and spatial distribution of food releases, emphasizing the ongoing need for understanding how unseasonal weather conditions influence access to food. Using 12 years of GPS‐location data and annual measures of body mass in 72 adult female Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), we tested whether individuals with greater use of nutritionally beneficial resource pulses in autumn and early winter are heavier going into parturition in spring. Additionally, we evaluated how stochastic weather conditions influence the use of food resources. Reindeer that foraged most in marshes during autumn and early winter gained a positive carryover effect of up to 5 kg heavier body mass in late winter, with previously demonstrated benefits to both survival and reproduction. Marsh use was rare, brief, and intense, which is the expected response to a pulsed resource. The extent to which marshes were used varied greatly among years and was associated with stochastic mild spells that relaxed constraints of snow depth for a few days. Compared with other habitats used, marshes offered superior quantity and quality of belowground plant biomass that may be accessed more easily under milder autumn and winter conditions. Our findings demonstrate the individual benefits of exploiting stochastic food pulses and showcase how resource tracking during periods of food scarcity may be a behavioral trait that could enhance population resilience in a rapidly warming climate.
Using Gap Visualization to Navigate Multivariate Metabarcode Data, Select Primer Pairs, and Enhance Reference Data Quality
Authors: Chua Xin‐Yi , Ord Louise , Bent Stephen J. , Lovell David , McGrath Annette 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe success of amplicon sequencing studies of environmental DNA (eDNA) depends on the choice of primer pairs used to select taxa‐specific regions of DNA for amplification then sequencing to characterize sample composition. This paper presents practical methods to visualize the extent to which different primer pairs can differentiate taxonomic groups, enabling researchers to assess which primers might be best suited for a study or environment of interest. These methods can also be used to review taxonomic annotations in genomic reference sequence databases. We apply the concept of DNA barcoding gaps to metabarcoding of multiple species in environmental DNA to leverage reference data on the amplicon sequences of previously characterized specimens. Since reference data sets are large and complex, we provide a simple and intuitive method to navigate subsets of reference sequence data containing conflicting or ambiguous relationships between genomic information and taxonomic classification. We demonstrate how to use gap visualization and taxonomic segmentation in comparing how well different primer pairs discriminate species of interest, and in detecting anomalies in reference sequence annotation. We show how these visualization methods can enable amplicon survey study design and make fundamental molecular resources more accessible to a wider research audience beyond bioinformaticians and data scientists.
From Enzyme Encapsulation to Environmental Solutions: Photostable Laccase in Dopc Vesicles
Authors: Luna M. Alejandra , Reynoso Eugenia , Biasutti M. Alicia , Montejano Hernán A. , Moyano Fernando , Correa N. Mariano 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe laccase enzyme offers significant advantages for the removal of organic contaminants; but its stability and effectiveness in bioremediation can be compromised by photo‐induced degradation processes. To address this challenge, we investigated the immobilization of laccase in unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) as a means to enhance its photo‐stability while preserving its catalytic activity. Enzymatic activity was evaluated spectroscopically for both free and encapsulated laccase, before and after UVB irradiation. Our results demonstrate that DOPC vesicles effectively encapsulate the laccase enzyme, maintaining its activity within the vesicles. Moreover, the substrate syringaldazine, a model compound for laccase activity studies, was able to permeate through the bilayer. Notably, encapsulated laccase exhibited significantly higher retention of enzymatic activity (REA) post‐irradiation compared to the free enzyme. In conclusion, both unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles provide substantial photoprotection for laccase against UVB light. This protective effect is attributed to the enzyme's confinement within a system that scatters high‐energy photons. Furthermore, the simplicity and ease of large‐scale production of multilamellar vesicles present an advantageous option for various applications, including bioremediation.
Effect of supersaturation distribution on particle heterogeneous condensation in growth tube
Authors: Dai Anwen , Zhang Jun , Li Anjin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSupersaturation is a critical factor influencing the growth of fine particles in heterogeneous nucleation processes. To further investigate its effects on particle growth behavior, this study employs numerical simulations, coupling the particle growth rate equation with a population balance model to systematically analyze the impact of various supersaturation distributions on particle growth. The results indicate that, in the axial direction, the closer the supersaturation peak is to the outlet of the growth tube, the more effective the particle growth, with a maximum increase of 10.20%. In the radial direction, higher supersaturation near the tube wall results in better particle growth at the outlet, with a maximum increase of 28.70%. A more uniform supersaturation field is found to promote particle growth. Conversely, when the supersaturation near the wall is relatively low, particles are less likely to be effectively activated, leading to restricted growth. Additionally, this paper explores the growth of fine particles under different supersaturation field configurations, demonstrating the generality of the observed patterns.
Experimental and numerical investigation of water flow behaviour in sharply curved 60° open‐channel bends
Authors: Seyedashraf Omid , Akhtari Ali Akbar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding secondary flows in sharply curved open‐channel bends is key for analysing the flow patterns in rivers and and designing effective hydraulic structures. This study employs both experimental and computational methods to investigate the flow characteristics in a sharply curved 60° open‐channel bend. The primary objective is to enhance understanding of flow behaviours in such configurations. For numerical simulations, we utilize the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations, applying the volume‐of‐fluid free surface model to simulate air‐water interactions alongside the standard k‐ε and renormalized group (RNG) k‐ε turbulence models. Our findings reveal the emergence of helical currents driven by centrifugal forces at the bend's onset, which guide the fluid particles from the channel bottom to the convex (inner) bank and then to the concave (outer) bank at the surface. We observe a progressive increase in secondary flow intensity and energy dissipation along the bend, peaking at the terminal section. Notably, maximum flow velocity occurs near the convex wall accompanied by nonlinear water surface behaviours. Additionally, flow separation tendencies near the convex wall are noted after two‐thirds of the curvature. Quantitatively, the flow velocity at the convex bank was observed to be 1.70 times higher than at the concave bank within the bend. The mean absolute errors between experimental data and the standard k‐ε and RNG k‐ε models are 3.20 and 3.12, respectively, indicating the accuracy of the RNG k‐ε model.
Impact of vitamin A on the risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease pathology in high‐fat‐diet–treated APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Wang Xixiang , Guo Yujie , Li Pengfei , Ma Xiaojun , Xu Jingjing , Liu Lu , Liu Yu , Ren Xiuwen , Wang Ying , Meng Liping , Zhou Shaobo , Yuan Linhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAbnormal glucose metabolism and vitamin A (VA) nutritional status promote the occurrence of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effects of low VA intake, insulin resistance, and their interaction on the promoting cognitive impairment remain unclear. This population‐based study was conducted to explore the relationship between circulating VA levels with cognitive performance in T2DM subjects. Moreover, APP/PS1 mice were treated with a low VA diet to investigate the effect and mechanism of VA deficiency on glucose and Aβ metabolism in the brain. Low blood VA levels correlated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment in both non‐T2DM and T2DM subjects, and T2DM patients need much higher circulating VA levels to maintain normal cognitive function. High‐fat diet induced insulin resistance in APP/PS1 mice, and this impact was further enhanced by a low VA diet. A synergistic deteriorated impact of a high‐fat diet and low VA intake on AD‐like pathology was observed in APP/PS1 mice, which was demonstrated by increased cortical BACE1 expression and Aβ level and decreased IRS1 expression. Our results suggest that the nutritional status of VA is associated with cognitive performance in the elderly and synergistically enhances the pathological phenotypic changes in APP/PS1 mice treated with a high‐fat diet.