bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
خطيئة آدم وفكرة الخلاص في الكتب السماوية بين الايديولوجيا الدينية والحقيقة التاريخية
Authors: بدر عبدالله السراي شيماء 
Published: October 2020

تعد مسألة (خطيئة آدم) الواردة في الكتب السماوية الثلاث التوراة، الإنجيل، القرآن الكريم، من المسائل المهمة التي تناولتها الأقلام كثيراً، واختلفت تبعاً لذلك عقائد المعتقدين بها في الديانات الثلاث.
كما إن فكرة الخلاص التي تجذَّرت في هذه الديانات كلٌ بحسب مفاهيمه الدينية ومعتقداته التي آمن بها، سواء كانت ايديولوجيا دينية حقيقية، أم إنها من متبنيات الفكر الديني عند المفكرين اللاهوتيين.
وبحثنا هذا يسلط الضوء على تلك الخطيئة، وفكرة الخلاص منها في الكتب السماوية الثلاث (التوراة والإنجيل والقرآن)، وأهم ما جاء فيها من الاختلاف سواء كان في نقلها أو في ما أصبحت تمثل فيه اعتقاداً راسخاً بوجودها الأبدي وسريانها في عموم البشرية، وأهم ما جاءت به تلك الايديولوجيات من عملية تحرير البشرية من الخطيئة الأولى، وفكرة الخلاص لديها، فكان عنواناً لدراستنا هذه وقد جعلناها بين واقعين: بين الايديولوجيا الدينية والحقيقة التاريخية .
الشخصيات المسرحية عند قاسم مطرود قراءة في معمارية التشكيل
Authors: خزعل محمود ربيع 
Published: October 2020

تعد تجربة قاسم مطرود في كتابته المسرحية منجزا ابداعيا في تجارب المسرح العراقي الكتابية وإضاءة جديدة تضاف الى بقع الضوء التي تثير المهتمين والمشتغلين في المسرح العربي عموما والعراقي على وجه الخصوص. فقد استطاع قاسم مطرود بما أبدعه من النصوص المسرحية أن ينحت اسمه على واجهة الكتابة المسرحية العراقية .إذ كسر مطرود رتابة التجربة الكتابية النمطية وقدم نصوصا تجاوزت الروتين الكتابي , وأحرجت كل المحاولات التي أصابت الكتابة المسرحية بالعرج والضمور. إن قاسم مطرود قد تجاوز المألوف في كتاباته وركن إلى خبرته المشحونة بالتجربة والدراية الشعرية والدرامية , فأنتج ما أنتجه بحبكة وجمالية يندر أن نراها فيما تفرزه التجارب والكتابات المسرحية لقد مارس قاسم مطرود الكتابة بتجريبية واحترافية , وصنع أبطاله من رحم الواقع وعلمهم أسرار البوح كلها وجعلها تتخذ من الرمز والغموض والوجع أدوات للبوح والكشف.
إن قاسم مطرود في كل مسرحياته ومنها النصوص الأربعة التي توقفنا عندها كانت الشخصية هي العنصر المهيمن في بنية النص , اذ عمق بعدها الدلالي وواقعها المــأساوي , حيث بدت في جانب منها شخصيات تعيش حالة الألم والرعب والحرمان والاغتراب ,تؤمن بوجودها وتمارس وعيها رغم حالة التصدع الداخلي الذي تعيشه وحالة الانفصال, شخصيات موغلة في اغترابها وفي مأساتها وفي تصدعها وقهرها, تحمل همومها في ملامحها وتجاعيدها وتدفع ضريبة العبث والتوحش الذي تضخم في واقعنا وتفاصيل حياتنا.
أثرُ الفنونِ البلاغيةِ في تقديمِ الشخصيةِ بنونيةِ ابنِ الحدّاد الأندلسي
Authors: محفوظ البك بسمة 
Published: October 2020

للشاعر ابن الحداد المتوفى سنة 480 هـ قصيدة نونية، كان للفنون البلاغية فيها خصوصية جديرة بالاعتناء البحثي، فقد وظف فيها فنونا كثيرة توظيفا خاصا، من حيث التنويع، وخصوصية الدلالة، فكان للطباق، والجناس، ولزوم ما لا يلزم، والتضمين، وأسلوب التمني والاستفهام وغيرها دور فني ودلالي نجح الشاعر في توظيفها لبلوغ مرامه الجمالي والدلالي.
لقد اجتمعت شخصيات عديدة في هذه النونية منها: شخصية الشاعر، نويرة الحبيبة، المعتصم بن صمادح، شخصيات فلسفية عالمية، وشخصيات الملوك، فضلا عن شخصية البَنّاء الذي بنى قصر المعتصم، وسنمار بنّاء قصر الخورنق، فكان للفنون البلاغية في تقديمها الأثر البالغ، وكان دقيقا في تناول الشخصية بالفن البلاغي الذي رآه ملائما لتقديمها، إذ نجد هذه الفنون في شخصيات بعينها، وتكاد تكون معدومة في شخصيات أخرى.
تأثير ارتفاع درجات الحرارة في الحوادث المرورية في محافظة بابل للمدة (2007-2017)
Authors: والي فريح الركابي ناصر , ناجي شاطي العجيلي عباس 
Published: October 2020

إنَّ لدرجات الحرارة تأثير كبير في مختلف الأنشطة التي يقوم بها الإنسان، وفي جانب النقل والمواصلات فإنَّ للحرارة أثر واضح في راحة الإنسان المناخية وصحته سواء أكان(قائد المركبة أو مستخدم الطريق) كما أنَّ لها أثار متعددة في طرق النقل إذ تؤدي الى ذوبان مادة الاسفلت المستخدم في بناء الطرق وتسبب حدوث فجوات وتشققات فيها مما يؤدي لوقوع العديد من الحوادث المرورية، أما تأثيرها في المركبة فإنَّها تؤثر عند ارتفاعها الكبير في تعطل المركبة وتوقف بعض أجزائها عن العمل، كما تؤدي لانفجار اطار المركبة صيفاً نتيجة لتمدد الهواء داخل الإطارات مع ارتفاع الحرارة فيزداد حجمه مما يعرض المركبة لوقوع حوادث الانقلاب أو الاصطدام نتيجة لصعوبة السيطرة عليها. كما توصلت الدراسة أنَّ الشهور التي تسجل ارتفاع كبير في قيمتها(حزيران، تموز، آب، أيلول)تسجل ارتفاع كبير في عدد الحوادث المرورية خلال العام، كما أنَّ هنالك علاقة ارتباط طردي قوي جداً بين ارتفاع درجات الحرارة خلال هذه الشهور و وقوع المزيد من الحوادث المرورية خلالها، وهذا ما يؤكد أنَّ للحرارة أثر كبير في ازدياد عدد الحوادث المرورية وتفاوت اعدادها في منطقة الدراسة.
The Comforting Nonsense of Creativity
Authors: Readman Mark 
Published: October 2020

Jonah Lehrer’s book Imagine: How Creativity Works was discredited when it was discovered that it included fabricated quotes by Bob Dylan. It was also criticised for cherry picking the science of creativity and adding little of worth to the literature on the subject.
While this may be true, I suggest that much scientific literature about creativity is already epistemologically and methodologically incoherent, and characterised by the treatment of creativity as something with stable ontic status, rather than something which is always, inevitably produced through cultural processes of interpretation and association. An examination, using the tools of discourse analysis, of some of the research papers cited by Lehrer, along with other related examples, reveals some of the assumptions and rhetorical manoeuvres at work.
Despite the overt falsehoods in his book, the stories that Jonah Lehrer tells us are consistent with the stories that the research, science, and policy tell us about creativity – all are equally fanciful. Nevertheless, if we choose to suspend our disbelief in such stories, and their rhetorical prestidigitation, there are some comforts and pleasures to be obtained from the illusion of essential humanity that they create.
Exchanges Discourse Podcast
A Conversation with…Mark Readman [20:37]
Challenges of Tax Auditors and Investigators in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Chike Orji Chidebelu 
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study is to examine the challenges of tax auditors and investigators in Abia State, Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of 400 people and a sample size of forty respondents based on a judgmental sampling technique comprising of chartered accountants, tax consultants, and tax officials in public and private sectors in Umuahia, Abia State with the aid of a scaled questionnaire. The data obtained were qualitatively analyzed. The study concludes that the following were challenges facing tax auditors and investigators: poor record-keeping by taxpayers, lack of cooperation by taxpayers and agents, lack of technical manpower, bribery and corruption, obsolete tax laws, low funding of the tax authority, lack of database, etc. The study recommends modernization and automation of tax system, recruitment of qualified professionals well versed in tax and accounting among others.
JEL Classification: H20, H26, H29
Strategies of Creating the Inventor’s Image in Popular Science Discourse
Authors: Ramantova O. V. , Stepanova N. V. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The present paper aims at revealing and describing the linguistic means of creating the inventor’s image in the English language science popular discourse. The study also describes the use of image creation strategy and solidarity strategy. The relevance of the research is defined, firstly, by unconditional and ever-increasing public interest in scientific knowledge in the era of technological progress. Secondly, regarding the obvious importance of the human factor in the presentation of an invention from the creator’s point of view makes it possible for the mass reader to interpret the science news in various ways and see the modern inventor’s most typical features. Thus, analyzing the specific representation of the invention in popular science media texts the authors offer their own original conception of a modern innovator, which defines the novelty of the study. Special attention is focused on credibility and competitive nature of science popular discourse which are its integrative features.Methodology and sources. The research is based on the English language sciencepopular media texts – Popular Mechanics, Mit News Education, Science Daily, Interesting Engineering, SciTechDaily. For the selection of technically-focused media texts the continuously sampling method was used. The general methodology of studying image creation strategy and solidarity strategy also includes the method of semantic analysis, the method of semantic-stylistic analysis, elements of communicative-pragmatic analysis and the method of contextual analysis.Results and discussion. Image creation strategy and solidarity strategy are implemented in science popular discourse mainly on lexical and syntactic levels and imply the use of stylistic devices. Each of the strategies mentioned above matches a certain type of science popularized texts about inventions and discoveries. The first type is about the selfpresentation of the innovator, and has its own linguistic features. The second type includes the description of an invention from the position of scientific community. The significant result of the study is the conclusion about the diverse nature of the inventor’s media image.Conclusion. The study of the linguistic specific of the inventor’s image allows a deeper understanding of the anthropocentric nature of an invention itself. The last one is inseparable from its creator being the result of scientific activity and professional ambitions, as well as the personal growth condition. The chosen methodology can be applied for further research and to similar studies of the creator and his creation based on texts of different profile.
Stanislav Voronin’s Universal Classification of Onomatopoeic Words: a Critical Approach (Part 1)
Authors: Flaksman M. A. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The universal classification of onomatopoeic words was first introduced in 1969 by Stanislav V. Voronin. In the course of the following fifty years it has been tested on the material of typologically different languages both by the author himself and by other researchers. The aim of this article is to provide a full description of the classification (which has never been published in English before) and to examine its key points critically. The bulk of empirical data collected in the recent years calls for yet another update on the classification. There is a logical contradiction between such classes of onomatopoeic words as frequentatives and frequentatives-(quasi)-instants-continuants. They overlap typologically. This and other minor issues are solved in the present paper.Methodology and sources. The method discussed and applied in the classification is the method of phonosemantic analysis introduced by S. V. Voronin. Empirical data from English and other relevant languages are used for supporting the proposed changes into the classification.Results and discussion. The critical analysis of the Voronin’s universal classification of the onomatopoeic words revealed the presence of overlapping classes and hyperclasses within it, as well as other minor inconsistencies. The empirical typological data allowed to introduce some minor corrections while retaining the main principles of the classification.Conclusion. Introduced half a century ago, Stanislav Voronin’s classification of onomatopoeic words still remains a useful tool of typological research. Critical additions and proposed changes do not lessen its impact on studies in linguistic iconicity. The first part of this paper is devoted to the description of the classification and to the discussion of its advantages and limitations. In the second part of the article some possible solutions to the detected problems are suggested.
Phonosemantic Interference: Multiple Motivation in the Imitative Word Coinage (on the Material of Invented Languages)
Authors: Davydova V. A. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Phonosemantic interference is a phenomenon in imitative word coinage in which the sound shape of a single imitative sign can be conditioned by several categorically different motives of nomination. Several phonosemantic studies have reported this effect; however, a clear definition of the term, the description of the existing models of motive combinations, as well as possible explanations behind this phenomenon have yet to be developed. The objective of this article is to attempt to formulate the definition of this term and to describe the mechanisms of phonosemantic interference using new linguistic material (artificially constructed lexis).Methodology and sources. The study is conducted within the framework of the phonosemantic approach developed by Stanislav Voronin on the material of artificially constructed words from well-known fictional languages Lapin, Klingon, Elvish, and Navi. Methods of the research include the method of continuous sampling, typological comparison, and the method of phonosemantic analysis.Results and discussion. Using the material of artificially constructed lexis, the examples of the combination of several motives of nomination for a single sound-imitative sign are demonstrated and the motives of their coinage are studied. The typological comparison of the artificially constructed words against imitative words of natural origin has revealed similar models of multiple motivation both in artificial and natural word coinage, which suggests that multiple nomination is a regular way of primary nomination. The definition of the term phonosemantic interference has been provided.Conclusion. Multiple motivation reflects the complex nature of the intermodal perception of extralinguistic objects. In the case of phonosemantic interference, the phonetic form of a word is the product of a co-operative action of several senses. The reflection of several denotata in a single sound form increases the variety of primary forms and meanings and helps explicate subtle semantic contrasts. The notion of phonosemantic interference enables analyzing, describing, and understanding the mechanisms of complicated cases of imitative word coinage within the framework of the already well established phonosemantic taxonomy.
Participation in Cities in Sociological Discourse
Authors: Beschasnaya A. A. , Pokrovskaia N. N. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The social practice of participativeness, active participation in the transformation of urban space in the interests of residents, is gaining popularity among the urban population. The study of this phenomenon is interest for obvious integration with management decisions. Expanding the practice of implementing social activity of the population and studying the components of participativeness determine the goal of writing the paper-the formation of a theoretical and methodological basis for studying this phenomenon.Methodology and source. The paper presents a review of classical and modern sociological theories that reveal the potential of empirical study of aspects of the manifestation of participation of urban residents. Among the mentioned by the authors are the theory of social action, social solidarity, phenomenology, social constructivism.Results and discussion. The problematic nature of living in cities and the penetration of these problems into the daily interaction of citizens forms the origins of solidary participation of citizens-individual and private interests form collective actions-processes. Multiple individual forms of citizens' activity on urban improvement are transformed into participativeness – institutionalized joint activity. Its participants can take differentiated positions in the social structure of the urban community according to the criteria of having a diverse experience of interaction, i.e. exchange, with the urban environment and taking a position in the city management structure, which determines the level of regulated authority to make managerial decisions. The problems of urban life that are common to different categories of citizens and the typification of social activity to solve them order the interaction of participants, organize and “produce” the urban space.Conclusion. In the process of reasoning, a theoretical model of the formation of participativeness is presented, which allows us to trace the transformation of activity of the urban population into the right to the city and the formation of a favorable urban environment.
Russian Elders: Aesthetics of Good-Imaged Beauty
Authors: Dorofeev D. Yu. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The paper substantiates the application of aesthetic characteristics to the examination of the image of Russian elders. It is proposed to move away from the traditional understanding of aesthetics only as a philosophy of art and beauty and consider it as a knowledge of the unique expressiveness of the essence of a sensually perceived phenomenon. The position is put forward that the phenomenal image of a person is a consequence of his lifestyle, and the image of the Russian elders, given the special way of their existence, is characterized by its original aesthetics of good-imaged beauty.Methodology and sources. The author shows the interaction and interconnectedness of the “external” and “internal” in the human image. To do this, we study the substantial proximity of the ancient phenomenon of kalocagathy and the Christian phenomenon of good-imaged, each of which, however, embodies a fundamentally different understanding of man (cosmological-plastic and personality-visual). The author emphasizes the fundamental for Orthodox anthropology and mysticism understanding of light in Hesychasm and the unity of Truth, Love and Beauty. The provision of P. A. Florensky, that the revealed truth is love, and the realized love is beauty. The general methodological basis of the work is a philosophical-anthropological, phenomenological and culturalhermeneutical attitude in the study of the aesthetics of the human image on the example of the beautiful beauty of the Russian elders.Results and discussion. The phenomenon of elderity is considered in the broad context of Orthodox and especially Russian history and culture, for which it is recognized in the most important archetypal type. Its main components and specific characteristics are considered. Particularly emphasizes the role in its occurrence and development of St. Nile of Sora and St. Paisiya Velichkovsky. The image of the Russian elder is regarded as an authentic embodiment of the practical implementation of the Orthodox mysticism of love, light and beauty. The special importance of the visual image of a person in Russian culture is emphasized. Based on the material of a wide appeal to the history of Russian senility, especially the XIX–XX centuries, a special type of spiritual asceticism, anthropology and educational communication is revealed. Defined by the experience of constant love, the image of the noble beauty of the elders (such as, for example, Leo, Macarius, Ambrose Optinsky) is recognized in Orthodoxy as a living icon of God, the ability is recognized through its visual perception to transform and improve people, and characteristic evidence is recalled about the effects of aesthetics this beautiful beauty.Conclusion. At the end of the paper, the author explores the specific nature of the perception of Russian elders, highlighting the visual and aesthetic component of this perception and emphasizing the importance of the beauty of their spiritual and phenomenal well-being as an aesthetic embodiment of love for people.
Impactos da Lei 14.010/20 sobre a execução de alimentos pelo enfoque da Teoria dos Jogos
Authors: Niebuhr Maia de Oliveira Rafael , Da Silva Everaldo 
Published: October 2020

No Brasil a economia passa por rápidas e profundas modificações desde a década de noventa. Os impactos dessas mudanças não caracterizam melhorias do ponto de vista de políticas públicas efetivas para a melhoria da saúde. Com a pandemia do Covid-19 isso também ficou latente, onde a economia nacional é atingida por crises que aprofundaram a ocorrência do fechamento de empresas e do crescente do desemprego. O impacto não é somente social e econômico, mas também jurídico. Nota-se que a partir da pandemia tivemos no Brasil a implantação da Lei nº 14.010, de 10 DE junho de 2020, que dispõe sobre o Regime Jurídico Emergencial e Transitório das relações jurídicas de Direito Privado (RJET) no período da pandemia do coronavírus (Covid-19). Nosso objetivo nesse artigo foi compreender os impactos da Lei 14.010/20 sobre a execução de alimentos pelo enfoque da Análise Econômica do Direito (AED), mais especificamente pela Teoria dos Jogos. Para esse intento, a metodologia do estudo teve abordagem qualitativa, epistemologia interpretativista e lógica indutiva com apoio em pesquisa bibliográfica. Concluiu-se a partir da Análise Econômica do Direito (AED) que embora justificável tanto do ponto de vista social quanto de saúde pública, a proibição de recolhimento prisional do devedor de alimentos causará um déficit no caráter coercitivo da medida de prisão civil, o que deve levar aos credores a tomarem decisões estratégicas em relação a temporalidade do pedido de prisão.
MITIGAÇÃO DE IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS CAUSADOS PELO OVER TURISMO EM ILHA DAS COUVES, UBATUBA - SP: Planejamento turístico e sustentável
Authors: Belgamo Jessica Alves , Silva Gabriel Luiz da , Silva Larissa Francielly , Santos Lauanda Monteiro dos , Ramalho Danilo Duarte 
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho compreende desenvolver estudos relacionados ao turismo sustentável e ecológico, contribuindo para subsídios de fomentos de atrativos turísticos visando o aumento progressivo de turistas. Através do planejamento turístico eficaz que contribuirá para o desenvolvimento e na infraestrutura dos circuitos. A metodologia abordada fornecerá um levantamento bibliográfico e local da Ilha das Couves em Ubatuba, que apresentará uma coleta de dados para a determinação de fatores e perspectivas da gestão pública em ações com o intuito de minimização do fluxo de turistas e melhor qualidade de vida local. Neste estudo o objeto a ser apresentado é uma proposta de ações que auxiliem no processo de um planejamento sustentável em Ilha das Couves- Ubatuba, fornecendo propostas para fomentar o crescimento turístico consciente para a minimização de impactos ambientais causados por atividades humanas e assim contribuir para o crescimento econômico. Os resultados esperados desta pesquisa é apresentar ações para que os gestores públicos possam utilizar e aplicar de forma planejada e concluindo que as preservações destes recursos naturais são fundamentais tanto para a região como para o turista que irá utilizá-la de forma consciente.
Palavras-chave: Impactos ambientais; Over-turismo, Ilha das couves; Sustentabilidade, Planejamento turístico e Ecológico.
Llamadas intimidantes
Authors: Guillén Ledesma María Eugenia 
Published: October 2020

Existen conductas delictivas que no pueden tipificarse fácilmente. Una de ellas está representada por lo que llamaremos «llamadas intimidantes», refiriéndonos a aquellas comunicaciones telefónicas mediante las cuales un sujeto comunica un hecho falso a la víctima, como, por ejemplo, que un familiar directo (hijo, esposo, etc.) han sufrido un percance (ha sido detenido por la policía o bien que ha sido secuestrado). La finalidad de la llamada es que la víctima desembolse dinero o bienes a favor de quien hace dichas llamadas. En estos casos, el sujeto activo (quien efectúa la llamada) utiliza el engaño como medio para infundir temor a la víctima, y así obtener un provecho de ella.
La conducta antes descrita, para algunos operadores de justicia, podría encajar en la figura de la estafa, dado que se podría decir se ha empleado el engaño como medio para defraudar a la persona agraviada. Pero para otros este accionar corresponde no a una estafa, sino a la extorsión, dado que en el delito de estafa no se da la presión psicológica, amenaza ni intimidación.
La idea es generar una corriente de opinión sobre este asunto a fin de que se tipifique adecuadamente esta conducta delictiva, y lograr con ello una pena justa.