bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the health‐related quality of life of kidney stone patients: initial results from the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Machine‐Learning Algorithm (WISQOL‐MLA)
Authors: Nguyen David‐Dan , Luo Jack W. , Lu Xing Han , Bechis Seth K. , Sur Roger L. , Nakada Stephen Y. , Antonelli Jodi A. , Streeper Necole M. , Sivalingam Sri , Viprakasit Davis P. , Averch Timothy D. , Landman Jaime , Chi Thomas , Pais Vernon M. , Chew Ben H. , Bird Vincent G. , Andonian Sero , Canvasser Noah E. , Harper Jonathan D. , Penniston Kristina L. , Bhojani Naeem 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo build the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Machine‐Learning Algorithm (WISQOL‐MLA) to predict urolithiasis patients’ health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) based on demographic, symptomatic and clinical data collected for the validation of the Wisconsin Stone Quality‐of‐Life (WISQOL) questionnaire, an HRQoL measurement tool designed specifically for patients with kidney stones.Material and MethodsWe used data from 3206 stone patients from 16 centres. We used gradient‐boosting and deep‐learning models to predict HRQoL scores. We also stratified HRQoL scores by quintile. The dataset was split using a standard 70%/10%/20% training/validation/testing ratio. Regression performance was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation. Classification was evaluated with an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsGradient boosting obtained a test correlation of 0.62. Deep learning obtained a correlation of 0.59. Multivariate regression achieved a correlation of 0.44. Quintile stratification of all patients in the WISQOL dataset obtained an average test AUROC of 0.70 for the five classes. The model performed best in identifying the lowest (0.79) and highest quintiles (0.83) of HRQoL. Feature importance analysis showed that the model weighs in clinically relevant factors to estimate HRQoL, such as symptomatic status, body mass index and age.ConclusionsHarnessing the power of the WISQOL questionnaire, our initial results indicate that the WISQOL‐MLA can adequately predict a stone patient’s HRQoL from readily available clinical information. The algorithm adequately relies on relevant clinical factors to make its HRQoL predictions. Future improvements to the model are needed for direct clinical applications.
Long‐term multicentre experience of adjuvant radiotherapy for pN3 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
Authors: Ager Michael , Njoku Kelechi , Serra Maria , Robinson Angus , Pickering Lisa , Afshar Mehran , Vyas Lona , Eardley Ian , Kayes Oliver , Elmamoun Mamoun , Khoo Vincent , Ayres Benjamin , Henry Ann , Watkin Nick , Tree Alison C. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo present the long‐term adjuvant radiotherapy outcomes of patients with pN3 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCp) treated at two UK centres.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective audit of all pN3 SCCp patients, deemed suitable for adjuvant therapy by a specialist multidisciplinary team at St George’s and Leeds Hospitals, who received adjuvant radiotherapy. Primary outcomes were recurrence‐free survival (RFS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were time to adjuvant treatment, frequency of in‐field recurrence, site and side of recurrence, and dose and schedule of radiotherapy.ResultsA total of 146 patients were included: 121 completed radiotherapy, 4 did not complete radiotherapy and 21 did not start it. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 59 (54–70)years. The 5‐year RFS was 51%, CSS was 51% and OS was 44%. Adjuvant radiotherapy was started at a median (IQR) of 75 (48–106) days. A dose of 45 Gy in 20 fractions was most commonly used. Of the 125 patients who started adjuvant treatment, 55 relapsed. Of these relapses, 30 occurred in an inguinal or pelvic nodal station and 26 of the 30 were in a radiation field. Relapses in 18 of the 55 cases were in visceral sites only and seven were in both nodal (non‐irradiated sites) and visceral sites. Doses of <50 Gy were used more commonly before 2013 and higher doses (>50 Gy) were more commonly used after 2013.ConclusionsApplication of a standard radiotherapy protocol within a centralized supra‐network setting has achieved survival outcomes that would appear better than those previously documented for either radiotherapy or chemotherapy in a cohort with solely pN3 disease. The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy may improve these outcomes further. These data suggest that adjuvant radiotherapy has a role to play in the management of men with pN3 SCCp.
Changes in UK renal oncological surgical practice from 2008 to 2017: implications for cancer service provision and surgical training
Authors: Devlin Conor M. , Fowler Sarah , Biyani Chandra Shekhar , Forster James A. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo determine and analyse the temporal changes in oncological nephrectomy practice and training opportunities using data obtained from the UK British Association of Urological Surgeons nephrectomy register from 2008 to 2017.Patient and MethodsAll nephrectomies within the dataset for this time period were analysed (n = 54 251). Cases were divided into radical nephrectomy (RN), partial nephrectomy (PN) and nephroureterectomy (NU). Simple nephrectomy, donor nephrectomy and benign PN were excluded. The annual frequencies for each oncological nephrectomy method, surgical approach, grade of surgeon, hospital caseload numbers and short‐term surgical outcomes were determined.ResultsReported annual nephrectomy numbers increased by 2.5‐fold in the 9‐year time period. The number of hospitals performing nephrectomies decreased by 22%, however, more than 40% of centres performed more than 70 cases a year. There was a trend towards a decrease in overall length of hospital stay (9 vs 5 days; P < 0.01) and decreased transfusion rates. The proportion of minimally invasive procedures increased from 57% to 75%, with nephron‐sparing rates increasing from 8.9% overall to 24.8%. With regard to surgical technique, robot‐assisted surgery saw a mean annual increase of 222%. Overall, there was a 10% decrease in the proportion of PNs performed by trainee surgeons.ConclusionsRenal surgery has changed considerably with regard to volume and also surgical approach, with rates of nephron‐sparing surgery and minimally invasive surgery significantly increasing. Increasing hospital centralization and institutional experience, and a shift to robot‐assisted surgery appear to have contributed to the observed improved patient outcomes. The increasing utilization of robot‐assisted surgery has potential implications and challenges for the training of future urology surgeons.
Objective assessment of intraoperative skills for robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP): results from the ERUS Scientific and Educational Working Groups Metrics Initiative
Authors: Mottrie Alexandre , Mazzone Elio , Wiklund Peter , Graefen Markus , Collins Justin W. , De Groote Ruben , Dell’Oglio Paolo , Puliatti Stefano , Gallagher Anthony G. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo develop and seek consensus from procedure experts on the metrics that best characterise a reference robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and determine if the metrics distinguished between the objectively assessed RARP performance of experienced and novice urologists, as identifying objective performance metrics for surgical training in robotic surgery is imperative for patient safety.Materials and methodsIn Study 1, the metrics, i.e. 12 phases of the procedure, 81 steps, 245 errors and 110 critical errors for a reference RARP were developed and then presented to an international Delphi panel of 19 experienced urologists. In Study 2, 12 very experienced surgeons (VES) who had performed >500 RARPs and 12 novice urology surgeons performed a RARP, which was video recorded and assessed by two experienced urologists blinded as to subject and group. Percentage agreement between experienced urologists for the Delphi meeting and Mann–Whitney U‐ and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for construct validation of the newly identified RARP metrics.ResultsAt the Delphi panel, consensus was reached on the appropriateness of the metrics for a reference RARP. In Study 2, the results showed that the VES performed ~4% more procedure steps and made 72% fewer procedure errors than the novices (P = 0.027). Phases VIIa and VIIb (i.e. neurovascular bundle dissection) best discriminated between the VES and novices. Limitations: VES whose performance was in the bottom half of their group demonstrated considerable error variability and made five‐times as many errors as the other half of the group (P = 0.006).ConclusionsThe international Delphi panel reached high‐level consensus on the RARP metrics that reliably distinguished between the objectively scored procedure performance of VES and novices. Reliable and valid performance metrics of RARP are imperative for effective and quality assured surgical training.
Toward improved endoscopic examination of urinary stones: a concordance study between endoscopic digital pictures vs microscopy
Authors: Estrade Vincent , Denis de Senneville Baudouin , Meria Paul , Almeras Christophe , Bladou Franck , Bernhard Jean‐Christophe , Robert Gregoire , Traxer Olivier , Daudon Michel 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo improve endoscopic recognition of the most frequently encountered urinary stone morphologies for a better aetiological approach in lithiasis by urologists.Materials and MethodsAn expert urologist intraoperatively and prospectively (between June 2015 and June 2018) examined the surface, the section, and the nucleus of all encountered kidney stones. Fragmented stones were subsequently analysed by a biologist based on both microscopic morphological (i.e. binocular magnifying glass) and infrared (i.e. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy) examinations (microscopists were blinded to the endoscopic data). Morphological criteria were collected and classified for the endoscopic and microscopic studies. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used to detect differences between the endoscopic and microscopic diagnoses. A diagnosis for a given urinary stone was considered ‘confirmed’ for a non‐statistically significant difference.ResultsA total of 399 urinary stones were included in this study: 51.4% of the stones had only one morphological type, while 48.6% were mixed stones (41% had at least two morphologies and 7.6% had three morphologies). The overall matching rate was 81.6%. Diagnostics were confirmed for the following morphologies: whewellite (Ia or Ib), weddellite (IIa or IIb), uric acid (IIIa or IIIb), carbapatite‐struvite association (IVb), and brushite (IVd).ConclusionsOur preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility of using endoscopic morphology for the most frequently encountered urinary stones and didactic boards of confirmed endoscopic images are provided. The present study constitutes the first step toward endoscopic stone recognition, which is essential in lithiasis. We provide didactic boards of confirmed endoscopic images that pave the way for automatic computer‐aided in situ recognition.
Expanding genetic spectrum and discriminatory role of steroid profiling by LC‐MS/MS in 11β‐hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Karlekar Manjiri Pramod , Sarathi Vijaya , Lila Anurag , Rai Khushnandan , Arya Sneha , Bhandare Vishwambhar Vishnu , Atluri Sridevi , Patil Virendra , Ramteke‐Jadhav Swati , Shah Nalini S. , Kunwar Ambarish , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report clinical, hormonal and structural effects of CYP11B1 pathogenic variations in Indian patients with 11β‐hydroxylase deficiency (11βOHD) and find hormonal criteria that accurately distinguish 11βOHD from 21α‐hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD).DesignRetrospective record review of genetically diagnosed patients with 11βOHD.Patients and MeasurementsClinical features, hormonal parameters at diagnosis (by immunoassay) and recent follow‐up of 13 genetically proven 11βOHD patients managed at our centre were retrospectively reviewed. ACTH‐stimulated serum adrenal steroids (measured by LC‐MS/MS) of 11βOHD were compared with those of simple virilizing and non‐classic 21OHD. Structural analysis of the observed pathogenic variations was performed by computational modelling.ResultsNine (four females) and four (all females) patients had classic and non‐classic disease, respectively. All 11βOHD patients had elevated ACTH‐stimulated serum 11‐deoxycortisol (26.5–342.7 nmol/L) whereas none had elevated serum 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (4.2–21.2 nmol/L); both hormonal parameters distinguished 11βOHD from 21OHD with 100% accuracy. ACTH‐stimulated serum cortisol, but not 11‐deoxycortisol, clearly distinguished classic (<70 nmol/L) from non‐classic (>160 nmol/L) disease. Thirteen (eight novel, two recurrent) pathogenic variants were observed. Only missense mutations were observed among patients with non‐classic disease. Computational modelling predicted the possible affection of enzyme structure and function for all the observed missense mutations.ConclusionsThis first Indian study describes 13 11βOHD patients, including four with the rarer non‐classic variant. A total of eight novel pathogenic variants were identified in our study, highlighting regional genetic heterogeneity. Measurement of ACTH‐stimulated adrenal steroids by LC‐MS/MS will help avoid the misdiagnosis of 11βOHD as 21OHD and has potential to distinguish classic from non‐classic 11βOHD.
Building a better baseline to estimate 160 years of avian population change and create historically informed conservation targets
Authors: Hallman Tyler A. , Robinson W. Douglas , Curtis Jenna R. , Alverson Edward R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlobally, anthropogenic land‐cover change has been dramatic over the last few centuries and is frequently invoked as a major cause of wildlife population declines. Baseline data currently used to assess population trends, however, began well after major changes to the landscape. In the United States and Canada, breeding bird population trends are assessed by the North American Breeding Bird Survey, which began in the 1960s. Estimates of distribution and abundance prior to major habitat alteration would add historical perspective to contemporary trends and allow for historically based conservation targets. We used a hindcasting framework to estimate change in distribution and abundance of 7 bird species in the Willamette Valley, Oregon (United States). After reconciling classification schemes of current and 1850s reconstructed land cover, we used multiscale species distribution models and hierarchical distance sampling models to predict spatially explicit densities in the modern and historical landscapes. We estimated that since the 1850s, White‐breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) populations, 2 species sensitive to fragmentation of oak woodlands and grasslands, declined by 93% and 97%, respectively. Five other species we estimated nearly stable or increasing populations, despite steep regional declines since the 1960s. Based on these estimates, we developed historically based conservation targets for amount of habitat, population, and density for each species. Hindcasted reconstructions provide historical perspective for assessing contemporary trends and allow for historically based conservation targets that can inform current management.
Plastic pollution is killing marine megafauna, but how do we prioritize policies to reduce mortality?
Authors: Roman Lauren , Schuyler Qamar , Wilcox Chris , Hardesty Britta Denise 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPollution by plastic and other debris is a problem affecting the world's oceans and is increasing through time. The problem is so large that prioritizing solutions to effect meaningful change may seem overwhelming to the public and policy makers. Marine megafauna are known to mistakenly eat anthropogenic debris and die from consequent gastrointestinal blockages, perforations and malnutrition, as well as suffer sublethal impacts. We collated information on which specific items were ingested and responsible for causing death across 80 marine species, including cetaceans, pinnipeds, sea turtles, and seabirds. We evaluated which items were responsible for the highest mortality, and which, if reduced by policy responses or other means, could result in the largest reduction in debris mortality. A limited number of consumer items were shown to be responsible for most megafauna deaths. Flexible plastic is responsible for the largest proportion of debris deaths, primarily due to gastric obstructions. Disproportionately lethal items included plastic bags/sheets/packaging, rope/fishing nets, fishing tackle and balloons/latex. Smaller items, including “microplastics,” though abundant, were seldom implicated in mortality. We provide suggestions to directly curb debris deaths of marine megafauna by prioritizing policies that would reduce or eliminate the input of disproportionately hazardous items into the marine system.
“Si Dios Quiere:” Instability, Sustainability, and Wellness in a Vermont Migrant Worker Health Clinic
Authors: Smith Kelsey 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe political health ecology of Vermont is shaped by its status as a rural, borderland state and its dependence upon dairy for agricultural revenue in a fluctuating neoliberal market. The Care Center, a free clinic serving uninsured patients in Cherry County, is the primary medical provider for the growing Latinx migrant worker population that supports the majority of Vermont dairy farms. My findings demonstrate the gendered nature of how Latinx migrant dairy workers and healthcare professionals navigate the compounding precarities in Vermont that make safety and wellness difficult to establish. I contend that the layered use of structural vulnerability, political health ecology, and ecofeminist situated sustainability offers a perspective on the hidden interconnectedness between healthcare work and sustainability, ultimately providing directions for collaboration.
Quality issues in georeferencing: From physical collections to digital data repositories for ecological research
Authors: Marcer Arnald , Haston Elspeth , Groom Quentin , Ariño Arturo H. , Chapman Arthur D. , Bakken Torkild , Braun Paul , Dillen Mathias , Ernst Marcus , Escobar Agustí , Fichtmüller David , Livermore Laurence , Nicolson Nicky , Paragamian Kaloust , Paul Deborah , Pettersson Lars B. , Phillips Sarah , Plummer Jack , Rainer Heimo , Rey Isabel , Robertson Tim , Röpert Dominik , Santos Joaquim , Uribe Francesc , Waller John , Wieczorek John R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNatural history collections constitute an enormous wealth of information of Life on Earth. It is estimated that over 2 billion specimens are preserved at institutions worldwide, of which less than 10% are accessible via biodiversity data aggregators such as GBIF. Moreover, they are a very important resource for eco‐evolutionary research, which greatly depends on knowing the precise location where the specimens were collected in order to characterize the environment in which they lived. Yet, only about 55% of the accessible records are georeferenced and only 31% have coordinate uncertainty information, which is critical for conducting rigorous studies. The awareness of this gap of knowledge which hinders the enormous potential of such data in research led to the organization of a workshop which brought together key players in georeferencing of natural history collections. The discussion and outcomes of this workshop are here presented.
Bergson on Kant and the freedom of the moi en général
Authors: Watt Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article provides the first detailed discussion of an objection to Kant's theory of freedom in Henri Bergson's 1904‐05 lectures at the Collège de France. According to Bergson, if Kant succeeds in defending the possibility of human freedom, this is not the freedom of any particular human being, but rather the freedom of the ‘moi en général’. I compare this objection to arguments against Kant's theory of freedom by other late nineteenth/early twentieth century French philosophers such as Émile Boutroux, Charles Renouvier and Victor Delbos, as well as to one of the best known objections to this theory in the subsequent anglophone literature. I argue that Bergson's objection rests on the false assumption that, according to Kant, “there is no difference in nature… between time and space.”
Oxytetracycline associated acute kidney injury in a neonatal foal
Authors: Fletcher J. R. , Bertin F. R. , Owen H. , Fraser N. S. , Rose A. M. , Stewart A. J. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryA 3‐day‐old Australian Stock Horse filly presented with fulminant acute kidney injury after receiving 4 g of intravenous oxytetracycline at 24 and 48 h of age for medical management of flexural deformities. The filly’s clinical status initially improved, but worsening azotaemia prompted euthanasia after 55 h of supportive care. Necropsy confirmed proximal tubular necrosis. Nephropathy in association with oxytetracycline administration has been rarely reported. This case describes severe nephropathy in an apparently normal foal and highlights the need for thorough case evaluation prior to use of high‐dose oxytetracycline therapy for correction of flexural deformities in foals.
Opposing pressures of climate and land‐use change on a native bee
Authors: Kelemen Evan P. , Rehan Sandra M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic activities are rapidly changing the environment, and species that do not respond face a higher risk of extinction. Species may respond to environmental changes by modifying their behaviors, shifting their distributions, or changing their morphology. Recent morphological responses are often measured by changes in body size. Changes in body size are often attributed to climate change, but may instead be due to differences in available resources associated with changes in local land‐use. The effects of temperature and land‐use can be uncoupled in populations of the small carpenter bee Ceratina calcarata, which have experienced changes in agricultural and urban cover independent of climate change. We studied how the morphology of this bee has changed over the past 118 years (1902–2019) in relation to climate change and the past 45 years (1974–2019) in relation to agricultural and urban cover. Over this time, summer temperatures increased. We found that male and female size decreased with increasing temperature. Male size also decreased with agricultural expansion. Female size, however, increased with agricultural expansion. These results suggest that rising temperatures correlate with a decrease in female body size, while, opposite to predicted, agricultural land‐use may select for increased female body size. These opposing pressures act concurrently and may result in bee extirpation from agricultural habitats if selection for large sizes is unsustainable as temperatures continue to increase. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the need to consider multiple environmental stressors when examining the effects of climate change due to their interactions.