bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the high risk and unmet need in patients with CAD and type 2 diabetes (ATHENA): US healthcare resource utilization, cost and burden of illness in the Diabetes Collaborative Registry
Authors: Wittbrodt Eric , Bhalla Narinder , Andersson Sundell Karolina , Gao Qi , Dong Liyan , Cavender Matthew A. , Hunt Phillip , Wong Nathan D. , Mellström Carl 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTHEMIS (NCT01991795) showed that in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) but with no prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, ticagrelor plus acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) decreased the incidence of ischaemic cardiovascular events compared with placebo plus ASA. To complement these findings, we assessed disease burden and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in US patients with CAD and T2D, but without a prior MI or stroke.MethodsThis observational study used 2013‐2014 data from the Diabetes Collaborative Registry linked to Medicare administrative claims. Two cohorts of patients with T2D were studied: patients at high cardiovascular risk (THEMIS‐like cohort; N = 56 040) and patients at high cardiovascular risk or taking P2Y12 inhibitors (CAD‐T2D cohort; N = 69 790). Outcomes included the composite of all‐cause death, MI and stroke; the individual events from the composite endpoint; HRU; and costs.ResultsMedian age was 73.0 years, and median follow‐up was 1.3 years in both cohorts. Event rates of the composite outcome were 16.34 (95% confidence interval: 16.31‐16.37) and 17.64 (17.61‐17.67) per 100 person‐years for the THEMIS‐like and CAD‐T2D cohorts, respectively. The incidence rate of bleeding events was 0.13 events per 100 person‐years in both cohorts. Healthcare costs per patient‐year were USD 8741 and USD 9150 in the THEMIS‐like and CAD‐T2D cohorts, respectively.ConclusionsPatients in the THEMIS‐like cohort and the broader CAD‐T2D population had similarly substantial cardiovascular event rates and healthcare costs, indicating that patients with CAD and T2D similar to the THEMIS population are at an increased cardiovascular risk.
Development of Miniature Solid Contact Ion Selective Electrodes for in situ Instrumentation
Authors: Jaramillo E. A. , Noell A. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing a standardized miniature format ion selective electrode, five different carbon based solid contact materials, including a novel commercially available graphene oxide assisted carbon nanotube dispersion (FlexipheneTM), were compared. The electromotive force (EMF) response, stability, and behavior following storage was evaluated. Bulk resistance for the novel graphene oxide/carbon nanotube (GO‐CNT) based ISE was observed to be 0.09±0.03 MΩ, which is two orders of magnitude lower than reported for either component in isolation. The results for previously described solid contact materials are in general agreement with the literature, and the tradeoffs between solid contact layer material choices are discussed. Performance of GO‐CNT solid contact ion selective electrodes were then evaluated in a 3D‐printed fluidic array to determine their suitability for future in situ instruments.
Experimental thermodynamic evaluation of a real cooling system with seawater‐source and heat pump for a hotel in Turkey
Authors: Ural Tolga , Keçebaş Ali , Saçkan Ömer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is noteworthy that energy consumption is very high in hotels in order to provide the comfort requirements of human beings. Especially in summer season, cooling is an important condition for comfort in a hotel. In hotel cooling, seawater is an indispensable heat sink. In this study, the thermodynamic performance of a hotel cooling system with seawater‐source and heat pump used with the aim of cooling a hotel located by sea is investigated. Using hourly data collected from the existing system during the summer of 2016, exergy analysis is performed. As the cooling system is at an industrial‐scale involving copious equipment, it is divided into five different cooling zones. For cooling of a selected hotel room, the heat pump and variable refrigerant flow system in the zone where the room was located is also assessed. The results indicated that the hotel cooling system has the coefficient of performance, exergy efficiency, and improvement potential of 4.37, 66.5% and 77.7% on average, respectively. The zone requiring priority improvement is the fifth cooling zone due to air‐conditioning plants and long pipelines. The equipment with the highest exergy destruction is the seawater heat exchanger. Due to low temperature difference between hotel room and seawater, it is necessary to increase use of these systems and develop them in terms of technology.
Hydrogen generation from Al‐water reaction catalyzed by Fe/AlOOH composite
Authors: Gai Wei‐Zhuo , Zhang Xianghui , Sun Kexi , Yang Yang , Deng Zhen‐Yan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydrogen generation via Al‐water reaction promoted by special catalysts has great potential, which can provide hydrogen source for portable fuel cells. In this work, we use wet chemical reduction method to prepare a high‐activity Fe/AlOOH composite with better stability and demonstrate its usage as a catalyst for Al‐water reaction. It is found that Fe/AlOOH composite not only significantly promotes the Al‐water reaction but also shortens the induction time. The catalytic activity of Fe/AlOOH directly correlated with its active area, which, in turn, is closely related to the AlOOH:Fe molar ratio. In addition, increasing the weight content of Fe/AlOOH, reaction temperature, and the Al:water ratio improve the hydrogen generation performance of Al‐water reaction. Mechanism analyses show that water dissociation on AlOOH surface and galvanic microinteractions between Fe and Al promotes the hydration of surface passivating oxide film of Al particle, which improves the Al‐water reaction dynamics. The present work provides a new way to produce hydrogen from Al‐water reaction for portable devices.
The WELL diet score correlates with the alternative healthy eating index‐2010
Authors: Springfield Sparkle , Cunanan Kristen , Heaney Catherine , Peng Katy , Gardner Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe quality of one's overall diet has proven to be of great importance to health and well‐being. Unfortunately, diet quality is time‐consuming to assess. The Stanford Wellness Living Laboratory (WELL) administered an online survey that included the WELL Diet Score (a novel diet quality assessment calculated from 12 diet‐related items). Subsequently, WELL participants were asked to complete the 127‐item Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) online. The present study's primary objective was to compare the WELL Diet Score with the established FFQ‐based Alternative Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (AHEI‐2010), in a subset of WELL participants (n = 248) who completed both dietary measures through WELL’s online platform. The two scores were significantly correlated (r = .69; p < .0001). Regression analyses demonstrated that the WELL Diet Score was positively significantly associated with sociodemographic determinants of diet quality and protective health factors, including older age, higher education, lower BMI, and higher physical activity. In summary, the WELL Diet Score, derived from 12 small diet‐related items that can be completed in 5 min, was significantly positively correlated with the AHEI‐2010 derived from the lengthy 127‐item FFQ, suggesting the potential utility of the WELL Diet Score in future large‐scale studies, including future WELL studies.
Benchmarks in the spotlight: The impact on exchange traded markets
Authors: Aspris Angelo , Foley Sean , O'Neill Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Fix for precious metals is a global pricing benchmark that provides pricing and liquidity provision for market participants. We exploit the gradual change in the century old auction process to quantify the efficiencies related to more transparent pricing. Our focus is in the market impact of this change on exchange listed products. We find that reforms to the Fix have reduced quoted and effective bid‐ask spreads and improved overall market depth. The results imply a positive spillover effect stemming from timelier and more accurate pricing information. The conditions under which we observe the benefits from transparency are related to product liquidity and the degree of market segmentation.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Advanced Liver Disease: An Exploratory Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Violi Francesco , Vestri Annarita , Menichelli Danilo , Di Rocco Arianna , Pastori Daniele , Pignatelli Pasquale 
Published: May 2020

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have had a positive impact in preventing cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who were associated with lower bleeding complications; however, data on subjects with concomitant advanced liver diseases (ALDs) are poor. This meta‐analysis evaluates bleeding and thromboembolic complications in patients with coexisting AF and ALD who were treated with DOACs or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies identified by the PubMed and Embase databases using a combination of the following keywords: “direct oral anticoagulants,” “advanced liver disease,” “cirrhosis,” “bleeds,” “stroke.” No time restriction was applied to the research. Two physicians reviewed data on outcome measures and assessed the quality rating. The main outcome was major bleeding, and the secondary outcomes were bleedings (all, intracranial, and gastrointestinal) and ischemic strokes. A total of four studies (one prospective, three retrospective) were identified involving 3,483 subjects with AF and ALD; of these, 1,547 were on VKAs and 1,936 on DOACs. Advanced liver disease was defined as liver cirrhosis or fibrosis‐4 score >3.25. Compared to VKA use, DOAC use was associated with reduced risk for major bleedings (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44‐0.77; P < 0.001), total bleedings (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.55; P < 0.05), intracranial hemorrhage (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.32‐0.80; P < 0.004), and gastrointestinal bleedings (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42‐0.88; P < 0.008). Efficacy analysis showed no significant difference between VKA‐ and DOAC‐treated patients (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.58‐1.15; P = 0.31). Conclusion: In patients with AF and ALD, the safety and efficacy profile of DOACs did not appear to differ from those with AF without ALD.
Interfacial structure design of MXene‐based nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion
Authors: Luo Jianmin , Matios Edward , Wang Huan , Tao Xinyong , Li Weiyang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract2D transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides known as MXenes possess high electrical conductivity, large redox active surface area, rich surface chemistry, and tunable structures. Benefiting from these exceptional chemical and physical properties, the applications of MXenes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion have attracted increasing research interests around the world. Notably, the electrochemical performances of MXenes are directly dependent on their synthesis conditions, interfacial chemistries and structural configurations. In this review, we summarize the synthesis techniques of MXenes, as well as the recent advances in the interfacial structure design of MXene‐based nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications. Additionally, we provide an in‐depth discussion on the relationship between interfacial structure and electrochemical performance from the perspectives of energy storage and electrocatalysis mechanisms. Finally, the challenges and insights for the future research of interfacial structure design of MXenes are outlined.image
Assessment of zebrafish embryo photomotor response sensitivity and phase‐specific patterns following acute‐ and long‐duration exposure to neurotoxic chemicals and chemical weapon precursors
Authors: Carbaugh Chance M. , Widder Mark W. , Phillips Christopher S. , Jackson David A. , DiVito Valerie T. , van der Schalie William H. , Glover Kyle P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractZebrafish are an attractive model for chemical screening due to their adaptability to high‐throughput platforms and ability to display complex phenotypes in response to chemical exposure. The photomotor response (PMR) is an established and reproducible phenotype of the zebrafish embryo, observed 24 h post‐fertilization in response to a predefined sequence of light stimuli. In an effort to evaluate the sensitivity and effectiveness of the zebrafish embryo PMR assay for toxicity screening, we analyzed chemicals known to cause both neurological effects and developmental abnormalities, following both short (1 h) and long (16 h+) duration exposures. These include chemicals that inhibit aerobic respiration (eg, cyanide), acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates pesticides) and several chemical weapon precursor compounds with variable toxicity profiles and poorly understood mechanisms of toxicity. We observed notable concentration‐responsive, phase‐specific effects in the PMR after exposure to chemicals with a known mechanism of action. Chemicals with a more general toxicity profile (toxic chemical weapon precursors) appeared to reduce all phases of the PMR without a notable phase‐specific effect. Overall, 10 of 20 chemicals evaluated elicited an effect on the PMR response and eight of those 10 chemicals were picked up in both the short‐ and long‐duration assays. In addition, the patterns of response uniquely differentiated chemical weapon precursor effects from those elicited by inhibitors of aerobic respiration and organophosphates. By providing a rapid screening test for neurobehavioral effects, the zebrafish PMR test could help identify potential mechanisms of action and target compounds for more detailed follow‐on toxicological evaluations.Approved for public release: distribution unlimited.
Windmill‐shaped antenna with artificial magnetic conductor‐backed structure for wearable medical applications
Authors: Prudhvi Nadh Badugu , Madhav Boddapati Taraka Phani , Siva Kumar Munuswamy , Anilkumar Tirunagari , Venkateswara Rao Manikonda , Kishore Poluri Venkata Vijay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article presents the design of low‐profile single band antenna on flexible substrate material. The proposed antenna is designed on the polyimide substrate with overall size of 30 mm×30 mm×0.2 mm. The designed antenna operates in the frequency range of 5.71 to 5.99 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 4.8% and covers the Industrial Scientific Medical band for medical body area network applications. The antenna is enabled by placing artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) with two by two array elements under the ground plane. The AMC structure acts as an isolation for the ground plane and main radiator to reduce back radiation. Compared with literature in the wearable antenna designs, the proposed antenna is compact in structure with high gain of 8.31 dBi with AMC‐backed structure. The specific absorption rate values are observed by placing the antenna on the three‐layered human body model and the observed values are 1.26 and 0.72 W/Kg without AMC and with AMC, respectively. The obtained values are in conjunction with ICNIRP standards, that is, 2 W/Kg should be averaged over 10 g of tissue. The proposed antenna can be used for the smart clothing and wearable electronics applications.
The sensitivity of global surface air temperature to vegetation greenness
Authors: Yuan Xiuliang , Hamdi Rafiq , Ochege Friday Uchenna , Kurban Alishir , De Maeyer Philippe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTerrestrial vegetation plays a crucial role in governing the land surface energy budget, which in turn drives the climate of the Earth. The climatic feedbacks of vegetation changes are different across vegetation greenness gradients and climatological conditions, which has not been studied clearly. In this study, we used remote sensing and re‐analysis datasets to investigate global climatic feedbacks of vegetation changes on the surface air temperature (SAT). The Common Land Model (CoLM) was also used to reproduce land‐atmosphere energy processes and to explain the climatic feedbacks based on the biophysical mechanisms. Our results show that the sensitivity of SAT to the increase in vegetation greenness presents a convergent relationship. The sign and magnitude of the sensitivity are determined by the background climate conditions. The convergence sensitivity is regulated by the corresponding variations of satellite‐observed evapotranspiration (ET) and albedo, and the associated partitioning of surface energy between sensible and latent heat fluxes simulated by the CoLM. The exploration of the global climatic feedbacks of vegetation changes in this work will be helpful to identify future climate change required for the development of appropriate strategies for mitigating global warming.
Blocking CTGF/CCN2 reverses neural fibrosis and sensorimotor declines in a rat model of overuse‐induced median mononeuropathy
Authors: Barbe Mary F. , Hilliard Brendan A. , Amin Mamta , Harris Michele Y. , Hobson Lucas J. , Cruz Geneva E. , Dorotan Jocelynne T. , Paul Ryan W. , Klyne David M. , Popoff Steven N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEncapsulation of median nerves is a hallmark of overuse‐induced median mononeuropathy and contributes to functional declines. We tested if an antibody against CTGF/CCN2 (termed FG‐3019 or Pamrevlumab) reduces established neural fibrosis and sensorimotor declines in a clinically relevant rodent model of overuse in which median mononeuropathy develops. Young adult female rats performed a high repetition high force (HRHF) lever‐pulling task for 18 weeks. Rats were then euthanised at 18 weeks (HRHF untreated), or rested and systemically treated for 6 weeks with either an anti‐CCN2 monoclonal antibody (HRHF‐Rest/FG‐3019) or IgG (HRHF‐Rest/IgG), with results compared with nontask control rats. Neuropathology was evident in HRHF‐untreated and HRHF‐Rest/IgG rats as increased perineural collagen deposition and degraded myelin basic protein (dMBP) in median nerves, and increased substance P in lower cervical dorsal root ganglia (DRG), compared with controls. Both groups showed functional declines, specifically, decreased sensory conduction velocity in median nerves, noxious cold temperature hypersensitivity, and grip strength declines, compared with controls. There were also increases of ATF3‐immunopositive nuclei in ventral horn neurons in HRHF‐untreated rats, compared with controls (which showed none). FG‐3019‐treated rats showed no increase above control levels of perineural collagen or dMBP in median nerves, Substance P in lower cervical DRGs, or ATF3‐immunopositive nuclei in ventral horns, and similar median nerve conduction velocities and thermal sensitivity, compared with controls. We hypothesize that neural fibrotic processes underpin the sensorimotor declines by compressing or impeding median nerves during movement, and that inhibiting fibrosis using an anti‐CCN2 treatment reverses these effects.
Industrial freezing effects on the content and bioaccessibility of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) polyphenols
Authors: Kamiloglu Senem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpinach is well recognized as a functional food owing to its diverse nutritional composition, including polyphenols. Freezing is an efficient preservation method that is used to maintain the physical and nutritional characteristics and extend the shelf life of spinach. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in polyphenols in the samples taken from various production steps of the industrial freezing process of spinach, and to evaluate the bioaccessibility of these bioactive compounds for raw material, by‐product, and frozen product using the standardized in vitro digestion model simulating the digestion in the mouth, stomach, and intestine.RESULTSUltra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detection analysis of spinach samples led to the identification of eight flavonoids and two phenolic acids. The changes occurring in flavonoids after blanching, chopping, and freezing steps were statistically not significant compared with the raw material (P > 0.05). On the other hand, by‐product was found to contain significantly lower amounts of flavonoids (98% in total) and phenolic acids (90% in total) (P < 0.05) compared with the raw material. Furthermore, after in vitro digestion, frozen spinach was found to contain higher amounts of bioaccessible flavonoids (15% in total) and phenolic acids (16% in total) compared with fresh spinach.CONCLUSIONOverall, the current study highlighted that industrial freezing might be a good strategy to preserve the polyphenol content of fresh spinach as well as to enhance the total amount of bioaccessible polyphenols.
A novel fluorescence sensing strategy based on nanoparticles combined with spectral splicing and chemometrics for the recognition of Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ and its storage year
Authors: Lan Wei , Wang Shuo , Wu Yue , Chen Hengye , Yang Jian , Wei Liuna , Xie Hongliang , Li Sijia , Guo Lanping , Fu Haiyan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fluorescence sensing method has been increasingly applied in food quality control because it is fast and sensitive. However, its application in quality evaluation is challenging. Using Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP; dried mandarin orange peel) as an example, we developed a simple and low‐cost fluorescence sensing strategy based on nanoparticles combined with spectral splicing and chemometrics for quality evaluation. This method can recognize Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ (CRC) from other CRP cultivars and further identify the storage year.RESULTSNanogold particles and cadmium telluride quantum dots were selected as nanosensors and mixed with aqueous extracts of CRP separately to produce fluorescence quenching spectra. Then, a simple spectral splicing procedure was applied to obtain spliced spectra comprising different combinations of the self‐fluorescence and fluorescence quenching spectra of CRP samples. With the aid of partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, the new strategy achieved recognition rates of 100% in distinguishing CRC samples from other CRP samples, as well as recognition rates of 100% for the training set and 98.04% for the prediction set in the discrimination of the storage year of CRC. The recognition mechanism is dominated by interactions between the nanoparticles and the fluorescent components in the CRP samples, but other components also have concurrent effects.CONCLUSIONSThis novel fluorescence sensing strategy not only provides a new tool for the quality evaluation of CRC but also has good prospects for the authentication and traceability of other foods and herbs. Crucially, the developed method is convenient, simple and effective. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry