bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of fall incidence and risk factors in elderly patients after total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Yanjiang , Liu Hao , Wu Wenyuan , Wu Xintao , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Falls in the elderly have become a serious social problem worldwide. Approximately a third of persons fall at least once in the year after total joint arthroplasty (TJA), but preventing and treating falls is still challenging in clinical practice. Until now, no formal systematic review or meta-analysis was performed to summarize the risk factors of falls after TJA. The present study aimed to quantitatively and comprehensively conclude the risk factors of falls after TJA in elderly patients.

Methods:
The electronic databases to be searched include CNKI, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane central database (all up to November 2018). All studies on the risk factors of falls after TJA in elderly patients without language restriction were reviewed. Process of evaluation of identified studies and extraction of data were independently conducted by 2 reviewers, qualities of included studies were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Data were pooled and a meta-analysis completed. All analyses were performed by the software Stata 11.0.

Results:
A total of 14 studies were included, which altogether included 1284456 patients with TJA, of them 12879 cases of falls occurred after surgery, suggesting the accumulated incidence of 13.1% and the prevalence of in-hospital falls was 1.0%. This study has provided evidence for the preventing of falls in the elderly patients who were underwent TJA. Outcome measures include advanced age, female, Overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2), falls history, use of walking aid, diabetes, cardiac disease, hypertension, COPD and depressive symptoms. The ABC Scale was significantly negatively correlated with falls after lower extremity joint replacement.

Conclusions:
Related prophylaxis strategies should be implemented in elderly patients involved with above-mentioned risk factors to prevent falls after TJA.
Application of artificial intelligence in screening for adverse perinatal outcomes
Authors: Feduniw Stepan , Sys Dorota , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Kajdy Anna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article presents a systematic review protocol. The aim of the study is an assessment of current studies regarding the application of artificial intelligence and neural networks in the screening for adverse perinatal outcomes. We intend to compare the reported efficacy of these methods to improve pregnancy care and outcomes. There are more and more studies that describe the role of machine learning in facilitating the diagnosis of adverse perinatal outcomes, like gestational diabetes or pregnancy hypertension. A systematic review of available literature seems to be crucial to compare the known efficacy and application. Publication of a systematic review in this category would improve the value of future studies. The studies reporting on artificial intelligence application will have a major impact on future prenatal practice.
Magnetic resonance imaging-based partial volume-corrected 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography in the femoral neck
Authors: Ayubcha Cyrus , Raynor William Y. , Borja Austin J. , Seraj Siavash M. , Rojulpote Chaitanya , Werner Thomas J. , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth , Rajapakse Chamith S. , Alavi Abass 
Published: December 2020

Objectives

18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) is a radiotracer used in PET that reflects calcium metabolism and osteoblastic activity. In this study, we assessed the construct validity of a novel application of global assessment to measure NaF uptake in the femoral neck as a method of evaluating physiologic changes in osteoblastic metabolism with age.

Methods
Whole-body NaF-PET/computed tomography (CT) images and MRI of 24 male patients with a history of nonmetastatic prostate cancer between the ages of 36 and 82 years (67.8 ± 9.6) were analyzed. A region of interest delineated the entire femoral neck on the PET/CT image to determine the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean). Correction for the partial volume effect was performed by measuring the volume of inert yellow bone marrow by MRI segmentation. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship of uptake with age and body weight.

Results
The SUVmean with and without partial volume correction decreased with respect to age (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Body weight was not significantly related to any measured PET parameter.

Conclusion
Our results support the use of global NaF uptake with magnetic resonance-derived partial volume correction in the femoral neck. Because osteoblastic metabolism is known to decrease with normal aging, the observed decrease in NaF uptake constitutes evidence for convergent validity, indicating that the proposed methodology likely reflects systemic osteoblastic activity. Future studies of this methodology are warranted in other instances of varying osteoblastic activity such as in metabolic bone diseases and for the evaluation of therapy targeting osteoblastic metabolism.
Yttrium-90 dosimetry and implications on tumour response and survival after radioembolisation of chemo-refractory hepatic metastases from breast cancer
Authors: Cheng Bernard , Sethi Ila , Davisson Neena , Brandon David , Barron Bruce , Galt James , Bercu Zachary , Schuster David M. , Kokabi Nima 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of tumour dose on tumour response and overall survival (OS) in patients with chemo-refractory metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to the liver undergoing yttrium-90 radioembolisation (Y90 RE).

Materials and methods
In 20 consecutive patients with chemo-refractory MBC to the liver undergoing 33 total Y90 RE resin treatments, volumes of interest were drawn around the five largest tumours of the targeted liver lobe on post-Y90 RE Bremsstrahlung single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography using MIM software v.6.9 (MIM Software, Cleveland, Ohio, USA) and dose-volume histograms were calculated. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) was used to determine tumour response at 3 months. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine thresholds for various dosimetry parameters. Kaplan–Meier estimation was used to determine OS.

Results
Overall, 11 of 33 (33%) Y90 RE treatments resulted in complete or partial response according to RECIST criteria with a median OS of 20.97 months compared to 11.73 months for nonresponders (P = 0.003). Mean tumour dose, defined as the aggregate tumour dose of up to the five largest tumours in the targeted lobe, was the most predictive of tumour response with the highest area under the ROC curve of 0.967. Mean tumour dose >70 Gy had 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity for predicting tumour response. Patients with mean tumour dose >70 Gy experienced a median OS of 16.1 months vs. 12.8 months for those who did not (P = 0.008).

Conclusion
For patients with chemo-refractory breast cancer with liver metastases, achieving a mean tumour dose >70 Gy is a significant predictor of tumour response and prolonged OS.
Minimal detection of cerebrospinal fluid escape after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in acute HIV-1 infection
Authors: Handoko Ryan , Chan Phillip , Jagodzinski Linda , Pinyakorn Suteeraporn , Ubolyam Sasiwimol , Phanuphak Nittaya , Sacdalan Carlo , Kroon Eugene , Dumrongpisutikul Netsiri , Paul Robert , Valcour Victor , Ananworanich Jintanat , Vasan Sandhya , Spudich Serena 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Despite suppression of HIV-1 replication in the periphery by antiretroviral therapy (ART), up to 10% of treated individuals have quantifiable HIV-1 in the CSF, termed CSF escape. CSF escape may be asymptomatic but has also been linked to progressive neurological disease, and may indicate persistence of HIV in the central nervous system (CNS). CSF escape has not yet been assessed after initiation of ART during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI).

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Major voluntary counseling and testing site in Bangkok, Thailand.

Participants:
Participants identified and initiated on ART during AHI who received an optional study lumbar puncture at pre-ART baseline or after 24 or 96 weeks of ART.

Main outcome measures:
Paired levels of CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA, with CSF greater than plasma HIV-1 RNA defined as CSF escape.

Results:
Two hundred and four participants had paired blood and CSF sampling in at least one visit at baseline, week 24, or week 96. Twenty-nine participants had CSF sampling at all three visits. CSF escape was detected in 1/90 at week 24 (CSF HIV-1 RNA 2.50 log10 copies/ml, plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml), and 0/55 at week 96.

Conclusion:
Although levels of CSF HIV-1 RNA in untreated AHI are high, initiating treatment during AHI results in a very low rate of CSF escape in the first 2 years of treatment. Early treatment may improve control of HIV-1 within the CNS compared with treatment during chronic infection, which may have implications for long-term neurological outcomes and CNS HIV-1 persistence.
Social Isolation Is Linked to Inflammation in Aging People With HIV and Uninfected Individuals
Authors: Ellis Ronald J. , Iudicello Jenny , Sun-Suslow Ni , Grelotti David , Cherner Mariana , Morgan Erin , Letendre Scott L. , Heaton Robert K. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Even in the era of suppressive antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) suffer greater exposure to inflammation than their uninfected peers. Although poor social support and social isolation have been linked to systemic inflammation in the general population, it is not known whether this is true also among PWH.

Methods:
People with and without HIV infection were enrolled in a community-based, single-center study. Primary predictors were the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, and outcomes were a panel of inflammatory biomarkers (ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, VEGF, sCD14, and uPAR) in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Results:
PWH had worse positive social support (P = 0.0138) and affectionate support (P = 0.0078) than did HIV− individuals. A factor analysis was used to group the biomarkers into related categories separately for each fluid. Levels of 3 of the 4 plasma factors were significantly higher in PWH than HIV− (ps = 0.007, 0.001, and 0.0005, respectively). Levels of 1 of the 3 CSF factors also were significantly higher in PWH than HIV− (P = 0.0194). In the combined PWH and HIV− cohort, poorer social support was associated with higher levels of a factor in plasma loading on MCP-1, IL-8, and VEGF (P = 0.020) and with a CSF factor loading on MCP-1 and IL-6 (P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that enhancing social support might be an intervention to reduce inflammation and its associated adverse outcomes among PWH.
Fast track pathway provides safe, value based care on busy acute care surgery service
Authors: Kuhlenschmidt Kali , Houshmand Natasha , Bisgaard Erika , Comish Paul , Luk Stephen S. , Minei Joseph P. , Cripps Michael W. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND
Fast track (FT) pathways have been adopted across a multitude of elective surgeries but have been slow to be adopted into the acute care surgery realm. We hypothesized that an FT pathway for acute cholecystitis patients would decrease patient length of stay and resource utilization.

METHODS
All patients at two hospitals, one with an FT pathway and one with a traditional pathway, who underwent an urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis between May 1, 2019, and October 31, 2019, were queried using CPT codes. Exclusion criteria were conversion to open or partial cholecystectomy. Retrospective chart review was used to gather demographics, operative, hospital course, and outcomes. Time to operating room, hospital length of stay, and resource utilization were the primary outcomes.

RESULTS
There was a total of 479 urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed, 430 (89.8%) were performed under the FT pathway. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to the operating room was not different: 14.1 hours (IQR, 8.3–29.0 hours) for FT and 18.5 hours (IQR, 11.9–25.9 hours) for traditional (p = 0.316). However, the median length of stay was shorter by 15.9 hours in the FT cohort (22.6 hours; IQR, 14.2–40.4 hours vs. 38.5 hours; IQR, 28.3–56.3 hours; p < 0.001). Under the FT pathway, 33.0% of patients were admitted to the hospital and 75.6% were discharged from the postanesthesia care unit, compared with 91.8% and 12.2% on the traditional pathway (both p < 0.001). There were 59.6% of the FT patients that received a phone call follow up, as opposed to 100% of the traditional patients having clinic follow up (p < 0.001). The emergency department bounce back rate, readmission rates, and complication rates were similar (p > 0.2 for all). On multivariate analysis, having a FT pathway was an independent predictor of discharge within 24 hours of surgical consultation (odds ratio, 7.65; 95% confidence interval< 2.90–20.15; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Use of a FT program for patients with acute cholecystitis has a significant positive impact on resource utilization without compromise of clinical outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management, level IV.
Using Generalized Polyspike Train to Predict Drug-Resistant Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy
Authors: Conrad Erin C. , Chugh Nanak , Ganguly Taneeta M. , Gugger James J. , Tizazu Etsegenet F. , Shinohara Russell T. , Raghupathi Ramya , Becker Danielle A. , Gelfand Michael A. , Omole Armina T. , Decker Barbara M. , Pathmanathan Jay S. , Davis Kathryn A. , Ellis Colin A. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
The authors tested the hypothesis that the EEG feature generalized polyspike train (GPT) is associated with drug-resistant idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).

Methods:
The authors conducted a single-center case–control study of patients with IGE who had outpatient EEGs performed between 2016 and 2020. The authors classified patients as drug-resistant or drug-responsive based on clinical review and in a masked manner reviewed EEG data for the presence and timing of GPT (a burst of generalized rhythmic spikes lasting less than 1 second) and other EEG features. A relationship between GPT and drug resistance was tested before and after controlling for EEG duration. The EEG duration needed to observe GPT was also calculated.

Results:
One hundred three patients were included (70% drug-responsive and 30% drug-resistant patients). Generalized polyspike train was more prevalent in drug-resistant IGE (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–11.4; P = 0.02). This finding persisted when controlling for EEG duration both with stratification and with survival analysis. A median of 6.5 hours (interquartile range, 0.5–12.7 hours) of EEG recording was required to capture the first occurrence of GPT.

Conclusions:
The findings support the hypothesis that GPT is associated with drug-resistant IGE. Prolonged EEG recording is required to identify this feature. Thus, >24-hour EEG recording early in the evaluation of patients with IGE may facilitate prognostication.
VEHiCLE: a Variationally Encoded Hi-C Loss Enhancement algorithm
Authors: Highsmith Max , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChromatin conformation plays an important role in a variety of genomic processes. Hi-C is one of the most popular assays for inspecting chromatin conformation. However, the utility of Hi-C contact maps is bottlenecked by resolution. Here we present VEHiCLE, a deep learning algorithm for resolution enhancement of Hi-C contact data. VEHiCLE utilises a variational autoencoder and adversarial training strategy to enhance contact maps, making them more viable for downstream analysis. VEHiCLE expands previous efforts at Hi-C super resolution by providing novel insight into the biologically meaningful and human interpretable feature extraction. Using a variational autoencoder VEHiCLE provides a user tunable, full generative model for generating synthetic Hi-C data while also providing state-of-the-art results in enhancement of Hi-C data across multiple metrics.
Pharmacokinetics Of Transbuccal Swab-Administered Naloxone-HCl Using A Novel Plant-Based Resin Formulation In Dogs
Authors: Johnson Randolph M. , Azimi Nooshin T. , Schnipper Edward F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA proof-of-concept transbuccal swab delivery of naloxone-HCL study using a mucoadhesive, plant-based film-forming resin formulation demonstrated comparable blood levels to benchmark intramuscular (IM) injection in highly predictive dog model. Results from this study allow the potential to translate rapid onset in humans with therapeutic blood levels being reached in 2-3 minutes comparable to that observed with commercially available parenteral injections and intranasal administrations. The simplicity, ease of delivery and rapid effectiveness has the potential to meet the public health emergency needs in the rescue of opioid overdosing.
Cytoklepty in the plankton: a host strategy to optimize the bioenergetic machinery of endosymbiotic algae
Authors: Clarisse Uwizeye , Margaret Mars Brisbin , Benoit Gallet , Fabien Chevalier , Charlotte LeKieffre , Nicole Schieber L. , Denis Falconet , Daniel Wangpraseurt , Lukas Schertel , Hryhoriy Stryhanyuk , Niculina Musat , Satoshi Mitarai , Yannick Schwab , Giovanni Finazzi , Johan Decelle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEndosymbioses have shaped the evolutionary trajectory of life and remain widespread and ecologically important. Investigating modern oceanic photosymbioses can illuminate how algal endosymbionts are energetically exploited by their heterotrophic hosts, and inform on putative initial steps of plastid acquisition in eukaryotes. By combining 3D subcellular imaging with photophysiology, carbon flux imaging and transcriptomics, we show that cell division of algal endosymbionts (Phaeocystis) is blocked within hosts (Acantharia), and that their cellular architecture and bioenergetic machinery are radically altered. Transcriptional evidence indicates that a nutrient-independent mechanism prevents symbiont cell division and decouples nuclear and plastid division. As endosymbiont plastids proliferate, the volume of the photosynthetic machinery volume increases 100-fold in correlation with expansion of a reticular mitochondrial network in close proximity to plastids. Photosynthetic efficiency tends to increase with cell size and photon propagation modeling indicates that the networked mitochondrial architecture enhances light capture. This is accompanied by 150-fold higher carbon uptake and upregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and carbon fixation, which, in conjunction with a ca.15-fold size increase of pyrenoids demonstrates enhanced primary production in symbiosis. NanoSIMS analysis revealed major carbon allocation to plastids and transfer to the host cell. Invagination of the symbiosome into endosymbionts to optimize metabolic exchanges is strong evidence that the algal metamorphosis is irreversible. Hosts therefore trigger and unambiguously benefit from major bioenergetic remodeling of symbiotic microalgae with important consequences for the oceanic carbon cycle. Unlike other photosymbioses, this interaction represents a so-called cytoklepty, which is a putative initial step towards plastid acquisition.
Quality threshold evaluation of Sanger confirmation for results of whole exome sequencing in clinically diagnostic setting
Authors: Seo Go Hun , Kim Hyeri , Kye Minjeong , Park Jung-Young , Won Dong-gun , lee Jungsul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the ability to simultaneously sequence more than 5,000 disease-associated genes, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has replaced Sanger sequencing as the preferred method in the diagnostic field at the laboratory level. However, Sanger sequencing has been used routinely to confirm identified variants prior to reporting results. This validation process causes a turnaround time delay and cost increase. Thus, this study aimed to set a quality threshold that does not require Sanger confirmation by analyzing the characteristics of identified variants from whole exome sequencing (WES).MethodsOur study analyzed data on a total of 694 disease-causing variants from 578 WES samples that had been diagnosed with suspected genetic disease. These samples were sequenced by Novaseq6000 and Exome Research Panel v2. All 694 variants (513 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 181 indels) were validated by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA total of 693 variants included 512 SNVs and 181 indels from 578 patients and 367 genes. Five hundred seven heterozygous SNVs with at > 250 quality score and > 0.3 allele fraction were 100% confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Five heterozygous variants and one homozygous variant were not confirmed by Sanger sequencing, which showed 98.8% accuracy. There were 146 heterozygous variants and 35 homozygous variants among 181 indels, of which 11 heterozygous variants were not confirmed by Sanger sequencing (93.9% accuracy). Five non-confirmed variants with high quality were not identified on the ram .bam file.ConclusionOur results indicate that Sanger confirmation is not necessary for exome-derived SNVs with > 250 quality score and 0.3 > allele fraction set to an appropriate quality threshold. Indels or SNVs that do not meet the quality threshold should be reviewed by raw .bam file and Sanger confirmation should be performed to ensure accurate reporting.
Critical Thermal maximum measurements and its biological relevance: the case of ants
Authors: Leong Chi-Man , Tsang Toby P. N. , Guénard Benoit 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTUpper thermal limit (UTL) is a key trait in evaluating ectotherm fitness. Critical Thermal maximum CTmax, often used to characterize the UTL of an organism in laboratory setting, needs to be accurate to characterize this significant and field-relevant threshold. The lack of standardization in CTmaxassays has, however, introduce methodological problems in its measurement and incorrect estimation of species upper thermal limit; with potential major implications on the use of CTmaxin forecasting community dynamics under climate change. In this study we ask if a satisfactory ramping rate can be identified to produce accurate measures of CTmaxfor multiple species.We first identified the most commonly used ramping rates (i.e. 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 °Cmin−1) based on a literature review, and determined the ramping rate effects on CTmaxvalue measurements in 27 ant species (7 arboreal, 16 ground, 4 subterranean species) from eight subfamilies using both dynamic and static assays. In addition, we used field observations on multiple species foraging activity in function of ground temperatures to identify the most biologically relevant CTmaxvalue to ultimately develop a standardized methodological approach.Integrating dynamic and static assays provided a powerful approach to identify a suitable ramping rate for the measurements of CTmaxvalues in ants. Our results also showed that among the values tested the ramping rate of 1 °Cmin−1is optimal, with convergent evidences from CTmaxvalues measured in laboratory and from foraging thermal maximum measured in the field. Finally, we illustrate how methodological bias in terms of physiological trait measurements can also affect the detection of phylogenetic signal (Pagel’sλand Bloomberg’sK) in subsequent analyses.Overall, this study presents a methodological framework allowing the identification of suitable and standardized ramping rates for the measurement of ant CTmax, which may be used for other ectotherms. Particular attention should be given to CTmaxvalues retrieved from less suitable ramping rate, and the potential biases that functional trait based research may induce on topics such as global warming, habitat conversion or their impacts on analytical interpretations on phylogenetic conservatism.