bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological Influences on Network Tie Dissolution in the Evolution of Affiliation Networks in the International Communication Association, 2009–2015
Authors: Xu Yu , Fulk Janet , Monge Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examined the influences of ecological factors on the dissolution of affiliation ties in the International Communication Association (ICA). The affiliation network in this study represented the connections between ICA members and ICA divisions and interest groups. Guided by insights from organizational ecology and network theory, this research used a multilevel discrete-time event history analysis to test how ecological factors influenced active ICA members’ decisions to drop affiliation ties. An empirical analysis was conducted using a longitudinal sample of 1,282 active members and 23 divisions and interest groups from 2009 to 2015. The results showed that the likelihood of tie dissolution was significantly constrained by the length of an individual’s organizational membership, the division or interest group’s fuzzy density (generally considered as a proxy for legitimacy perceptions), and the group’s contrast (one measure of the level of clarity vs ambiguity of a group’s identity). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Understanding adherence of hypertensive patients in Mexico to an exercise-referral scheme for increasing physical activity
Authors: Gallegos-Carrillo Katia , Reyes-Morales Hortensia , Pelcastre-Villafuerte Blanca , García-Peña Carmen , Lobelo Felipe , Salmeron Jorge , Salgado-de-Snyder Nelly 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Among the strategies developed thus far for promoting physical activity (PA), exercise-referral schemes (ERs) have gained in popularity as an effective means of preventing secondary health conditions such as hypertension. However, information on the factors affecting adherence to these programs is limited. Using a mixed-methods approach, we undertook the present study to determine the factors associated with adherence to a specific ER aimed at increasing PA among the hypertensive patients in a Social Security institution in Mexico. Data were obtained through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews as well as from the clinical records of participants. For the quantitative component, multinomial regression analysis estimated the factors behind the varying levels of adherence. For the qualitative component, we performed a content analysis based on the health belief model. According to our findings, 80% of participants who began the ER exhibited high levels of adherence. Older age and being female were the key demographic characteristics of those showing increased adherence. Meanwhile, financial issues, the investment of time required, low perception of the benefits of PA, lack of confidence in being able to achieve changes in lifestyle, and a reluctance to acknowledge the seriousness of their health condition were the principal factors among those who did not join the program or exhibited low levels of adherence. Our findings can serve as a basis for designing PA interventions that take into account individual, cultural and administrative elements in their efforts to improve adherence to PA programs for those suffering from chronic conditions such as hypertension.
The Duffy-null genotype and risk of infection
Authors: Legge Sophie E , Christensen Rune H , Petersen Liselotte , Pardiñas Antonio F , Bracher-Smith Matthew , Knapper Steven , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Baekvad-Hansen Marie , Hougaard David M , Werge Thomas , Nordentoft Merete , Mortensen Preben Bo , Owen Michael J , O’Donovan Michael C , Benros Michael E , Walters James T R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Many medical treatments, from oncology to psychiatry, can lower white blood cell counts and thus access to these treatments can be restricted to individuals with normal levels of white blood cells, principally in order to minimize risk of serious infection. This adversely affects individuals of African or Middle Eastern ancestries who have on average a reduced number of circulating white blood cells, because of the Duffy-null (CC) genotype at rs2814778 in the ACKR1 gene. Here, we investigate whether the Duffy-null genotype is associated with the risk of infection using the UK Biobank sample and the iPSYCH Danish case-cohort study, two population-based samples from different countries and age ranges. We found that a high proportion of those with the Duffy-null genotype (21%) had a neutrophil count below the threshold often used as a cut-off for access to relevant treatments, compared with 1% of those with the TC/TT genotype. In addition we found that despite its strong association with lower average neutrophil counts, the Duffy-null genotype was not associated with an increased risk of infection, viral or bacterial. These results have widespread implications for the clinical treatment of individuals of African ancestry and indicate that neutrophil thresholds to access treatments could be lowered in individuals with the Duffy-null genotype without an increased risk of infection.
Trem2 promotes anti-inflammatory responses in microglia and is suppressed under pro-inflammatory conditions
Authors: Liu Wenfei , Taso Orjona , Wang Rui , Bayram Sevinc , Graham Andrew C , Garcia-Reitboeck Pablo , Mallach Anna , Andrews William D , Piers Thomas M , Botia Juan A , Pocock Jennifer M , Cummings Damian M , Hardy John , Edwards Frances A , Salih Dervis A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have reported that, amongst other microglial genes, variants in TREM2 can profoundly increase the incidence of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have investigated the role of TREM2 in primary microglial cultures from wild type mice by using siRNA to decrease Trem2 expression, and in parallel from knock-in mice heterozygous or homozygous for the Trem2 R47H AD risk variant. The prevailing phenotype of Trem2 R47H knock-in mice was decreased expression levels of Trem2 in microglia, which resulted in decreased density of microglia in the hippocampus. Overall, primary microglia with reduced Trem2 expression, either by siRNA or from the R47H knock-in mice, displayed a similar phenotype. Comparison of the effects of decreased Trem2 expression under conditions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pro-inflammatory or IL-4 anti-inflammatory stimulation revealed the importance of Trem2 in driving a number of the genes up-regulated in the anti-inflammatory phenotype. RNA-seq analysis showed that IL-4 induced the expression of a program of genes including Arg1 and Ap1b1 in microglia, which showed an attenuated response to IL-4 when Trem2 expression was decreased. Genes showing a similar expression profile to Arg1 were enriched for STAT6 transcription factor recognition elements in their promoter, and Trem2 knockdown decreased levels of STAT6. LPS-induced pro-inflammatory stimulation suppressed Trem2 expression, thus preventing TREM2’s anti-inflammatory drive. Given that anti-inflammatory signaling is associated with tissue repair, understanding the signaling mechanisms downstream of Trem2 in coordinating the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance of microglia, particularly mediating effects of the IL-4-regulated anti-inflammatory pathway, has important implications for fighting neurodegenerative disease.
Altered Capicua expression drives regional Purkinje neuron vulnerability through ion channel gene dysregulation in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
Authors: Chopra Ravi , Bushart David D , Cooper John P , Yellajoshyula Dhananjay , Morrison Logan M , Huang Haoran , Handler Hillary P , Man Luke J , Dansithong Warunee , Scoles Daniel R , Pulst Stefan M , Orr Harry T , Shakkottai Vikram G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Selective neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative disease is poorly understood. Using the ATXN1[82Q] model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), we explored the hypothesis that regional differences in Purkinje neuron degeneration could provide novel insights into selective vulnerability. ATXN1[82Q] Purkinje neurons from the anterior cerebellum were found to degenerate earlier than those from the nodular zone, and this early degeneration was associated with selective dysregulation of ion channel transcripts and altered Purkinje neuron spiking. Efforts to understand the basis for selective dysregulation of channel transcripts revealed modestly increased expression of the ATXN1 co-repressor Capicua (Cic) in anterior cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Importantly, disrupting the association between ATXN1 and Cic rescued the levels of these ion channel transcripts, and lentiviral overexpression of Cic in the nodular zone accelerated both aberrant Purkinje neuron spiking and neurodegeneration. These findings reinforce the central role for Cic in SCA1 cerebellar pathophysiology and suggest that only modest reductions in Cic are needed to have profound therapeutic impact in SCA1.
Negotiating Jewish divorce
Authors: Laufer-Ukeles Pamela 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article I argue that beyond identifiable instances of extortion and abuse, the threat of being a chained wife fundamentally disempowers women in divorce negotiations in a manner that is deeply problematic and must be remedied. Using negotiation theory, I demonstrate how power imbalances that affect divorce negotiations are often left unacknowledged and yet create the potential for injustice for all women in Jewish divorce.
Comparative Profiling of Four Lignans (Phyllanthin, Hypophyllanthin, Nirtetralin, and Niranthin) in Nine Phyllanthus Species from India Using a Validated Reversed Phase HPLC-PDA Detection Method
Authors: Patel Jinal , Nagar Padamnabhi Shanker , Pal Kalpana , Singh Raghuraj , Dhanani Tushar , Patel Vyomesh , Srivastava Sharad , Kumar Satyanshu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Phyllanthus species exhibit a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities; however, little is known about the compounds present in the extracts that are responsible for such actions.

Objective
Development and validation of a simple reversed phase HPLC-PDA method for profiling of phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, nirtetralin, and niranthin in extracts of Phyllanthus species was carried out.

Methods
Separation was achieved using an XBridge column® (150 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 µm id) in an isocratic elution mode with mobile phase comprising of a mixture of acetonitrile and water with TFA (0.05%, v/v, pH = 2.15) at ambient temperature with a flow rate of 1 mL/min.

Results
Phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, nirtetralin, and niranthin were eluted at mean retention times of 10.47, 11.10, 13.67, and 14.53 min, respectively. LOD and LOQ for all four analytes were 0.75 and 3.00 μg/mL, respectively. RSDr values for intraday and interday precision for phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, nirtetralin, and niranthin were 0.38–1.32 and 0.45–1.77%; 0.22–3.69 and 0.24–3.04%, 0.73–2.37 and 0.09–0.31%, and 1.56–2.77 and 0.12–0.68%, respectively.

Conclusions
The developed and validated HPLC-PDA method was applied for identification and quantification of phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, nirtetralin, and niranthin in extracts of different plant parts of selected Phyllanthus species. The outcome of the present investigation could be useful for selection of best species to promote its commercial cultivation and suitable extraction solvent for preparation of lignan-enriched fractions. This HPLC-PDA method could be useful for quality control of herbal formulations containing plants from Phyllanthus species.
The diversity and biology of symbiotic and parasitic crustaceans: an introduction
Authors: Dreyer Niklas , Chan Benny K K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present special number of Journal of Crustacean Biology (JCB) house, in addition to novel contributions, articles originating from two symposia, ‘Frontiers in the Ecology and Biology of the Thecostraca’ in ICC9, Washington DC, 2018, and ‘Evolution and Ecology of Parasitic and Symbiotic Crustaceans’ in The Crustacean Society summer meeting in Hong Kong, 2019. Articles on symbiotic and parasitic crustaceans, including tantulocarids, isopods, amphipods, barnacles, and pilumnid and pinnotherid crabs, are devoted to advancing our knowledge on the diversity and biology of symbiotic (including parasitic) crustaceans.
‘Lines of Becoming’ Misha Black and Entanglements through Exhibition Design
Authors: Atkinson Harriet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In many historical accounts exhibitions are considered in isolation, in relation to specific political or cultural events. This article instead interrogates exhibitions as interlinked sites of personal and professional ‘entanglement’, connected entities that have capacity to sustain and develop multiple relationships, in this case across the career of a single designer, Misha Black (1910–1977). Through successive commissions, Black developed ideas about exhibitions as communication and propaganda, as well as developing his network and modelling formations for professional design practice. Exhibitions Black worked on which are discussed here included The Ibero-American Exhibition, Seville, 1929–1930; MARS Group Exhibition, 1938; Glasgow Empire Exhibition, 1938; New York World’s Fair, 1939–1940; Ministry of Information exhibitions mounted during the Second World War and the Festival of Britain, 1951.
Cystoscopy as a tool for hip arthroscopy for treating morbidly obese patients: a case report of treating a Sumo wrestler
Authors: Uchida Soshi , Yukizawa Yohei , Nakashima Hirotaka , Matsuda Dean K , Sakai Akinori 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sports medicine surgeons sometimes encounter morbidly obese athletes with femoroacetabular impingement, such as Sumo wrestlers. In such cases, traditional arthroscopic equipment will not reach the joint. This case report describes the use of a cystoscope to perform arthroscopy to treat borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip combined with cam impingement in a morbidly obese athlete. The cystoscope enables hip arthroscopy to be performed when traditional instruments are not of sufficient length to access the hip and/or an extra-long arthroscope is not available. The use of the cystoscope provides a practical, feasible and minimally invasive option to treat non-arthritic intraarticular hip pathology in the morbidly obese or extremely muscular athletes.
The Mahābhārata as Kṛṣṇacarita: Draupadī’s Prayer in Two Regional Retellings
Authors: Pillai Sohini Sarah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe scene in which Duḥśāsana tries to publicly strip Draupadī after Yudhiṣṭhira loses her in the disastrous dice game is one of most well-known and disturbing sequences in the Mahābhārata tradition. In several Mahābhāratas, Draupadī calls out to Kṛṣṇa who saves her by providing her with a never-ending garment. This article closely compares Draupadī’s prayer to Kṛṣṇa in two Mahābhāratas that identify themselves as kṛṣṇacaritas, that is, works reporting ‘the deeds of Kṛṣṇa’: Villiputtūr’s fifteenth--century Tamil Pāratam and Sabalsingh Cauhān’s seventeenth--century Bhasha (Old Hindi) Mahābhārat. Draupadī’s plea serves quite different purposes in these regional retellings: while Villi’s scene exemplifies the power of prapatti or ‘self-surrender’, Cauhān use Draupadī’s prayer as an opportunity to extol Kṛṣṇa in detail. What these two Mahābhāratas do share, however, is that they both transform the narrative of the entire dicing episode into a bhakti (devotional) story that emphasises Kṛṣṇa’s compassion for Draupadī and the Pāṇḍavas.
Trans Men Giving Birth and Reflections on Fatherhood: What to Expect?
Authors: Margaria Alice 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
What was long feared by legislators and courts has now become reality: trans men give birth to their own children and request to be designated as their ‘fathers’ for the purpose of birth registration. This article sheds light on the transformative potential of such procreative scenarios and the following legal claims for fatherhood. An argument is made that they invite essential reflections on what it means to be a father today and, in so doing, they prompt a (re)construction of legal fatherhood which includes care as a relevant, paternal parameter. By focusing on ongoing cases decided by English and German courts, however, this article shows that domestic courts’ understanding of fatherhood has essentially preserved its conventionally heteronormative, biological, and mediated nature. Yet, the game is still open and an application pending before the European Court of Human Rights may breathe fresh air into the debate.
Near-Gaussian distributions for modelling discrete stellar velocity data with heteroskedastic uncertainties
Authors: Sanders Jason L , Evans N Wyn 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The velocity distributions of stellar tracers in general exhibit weak non-Gaussianity encoding information on the orbital composition of a galaxy and the underlying potential. The standard solution for measuring non-Gaussianity involves constructing a series expansion (e.g. the Gauss–Hermite series) that can produce regions of negative probability density. This is a significant issue for the modelling of discrete data with heteroskedastic uncertainties. Here, we introduce a method to construct positive-definite probability distributions by the convolution of a given kernel with a Gaussian distribution. Further convolutions by observational uncertainties are trivial. The statistics (moments and cumulants) of the resulting distributions are governed by the kernel distribution. Two kernels (uniform and Laplace) offer simple drop-in replacements for a Gauss–Hermite series for negative and positive excess kurtosis distributions with the option of skewness. We demonstrate the power of our method by an application to real and mock line-of-sight velocity data sets on dwarf spheroidal galaxies, where kurtosis is indicative of orbital anisotropy and hence a route to breaking the mass–anisotropy degeneracy for the identification of cusped versus cored dark matter profiles. Data on the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy indicate positive excess kurtosis and hence favour a cored dark matter profile. Although designed for discrete data, the analytic Fourier transforms of the new models also make them appropriate for spectral fitting, which could improve the fits of high-quality data by avoiding unphysical negative wings in the line-of-sight velocity distribution.
Formation pathway for lonely stripped-envelope supernova progenitors: implications for Cassiopeia A
Authors: Hirai Ryosuke , Sato Toshiki , Podsiadlowski Philipp , Vigna-Gómez Alejandro , Mandel Ilya 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We explore a new scenario for producing stripped-envelope supernova progenitors. In our scenario, the stripped-envelope supernova is the second supernova of the binary, in which the envelope of the secondary was removed during its red supergiant phase by the impact of the first supernova. Through 2D hydrodynamical simulations, we find that ∼50–90 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the envelope can be unbound as long as the pre-supernova orbital separation is ≲5 times the stellar radius. Recombination energy plays a significant role in the unbinding, especially for relatively high mass systems (≳18 M⊙). We predict that more than half of the unbound mass should be distributed as a one-sided shell at about ∼10–100 pc away from the second supernova site. We discuss possible applications to known supernova remnants such as Cassiopeia A, RX J1713.7−3946, G11.2−0.3, and find promising agreements. The predicted rate is ∼0.35–1${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the core-collapse population. This new scenario could be a major channel for the subclass of stripped-envelope or type IIL supernovae that lack companion detections like Cassiopeia A.
High-amplitude γ Doradus variables
Authors: Paunzen Ernst , Bernhard Klaus , Hümmerich Stefan , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Lloyd Christopher , Otero Sebastián 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
According to most literature sources, the amplitude of the pulsational variability observed in γ Doradus stars does not exceed 0.1 mag in Johnson V. We have analysed fifteen high-amplitude γ Doradus stars with photometric peak-to-peak amplitudes well beyond this limit, with the aim of unraveling the mechanisms behind the observed high amplitudes and investigating whether these objects are in any way physically distinct from their low-amplitude counterparts. We have calculated astrophysical parameters and investigated the location of the high-amplitude γ Doradus stars and a control sample of fifteen low-amplitude objects in the log Teff versus log L/L⊙ diagram. Employing survey data and our own observations, we analysed the photometric variability of our target stars using discrete Fourier transform. Correlations between the observed primary frequencies, amplitudes and other parameters like effective temperature and luminosity were investigated. The unusually high amplitudes of the high-amplitude γ Doradus stars can be explained by the superposition of several base frequencies in interaction with their combination and overtone frequencies. Although the maximum amplitude of the primary frequencies does not exceed an amplitude of 0.1 mag, total light variability amplitudes of over 0.3 mag (V) can be attained in this way. Low- and high-amplitude γ Doradus stars do not appear to be physically distinct in any other respect than their total variability amplitudes but merely represent two ends of the same, uniform group of variables.
Measuring the properties of reionized bubbles with resolved Lyαspectra
Authors: Mason Charlotte A , Gronke† Max 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIdentifying and characterizing reionized bubbles enables us to track both their size distribution, which depends on the primary ionizing sources, and the relationship between reionization and galaxy evolution. We demonstrate that spectrally resolved z ≳ 6 Lyman-alpha (Lyα) emission can constrain properties of reionized regions. Specifically, the distance from a source to a neutral region sets the minimum observable Lyα velocity offset from systemic. Detection of flux on the blue side of the Lyα resonance implies the source resides in a large, sufficiently ionized region that photons can escape without significant resonant absorption, and thus constrains both the sizes of and the residual neutral fractions within ionized bubbles. We estimate the extent of the region around galaxies which is optically thin to blue Lyα photons, analogous to quasar proximity zones, as a function of the source’s ionizing photon output and surrounding gas density. This optically thin region is typically ≲ 0.3 pMpc in radius (allowing transmission of flux ≳ −250 km s−1), ≲ 20 per cent of the distance to the neutral region. In a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the z ≈ 6.6 galaxy COLA1 – with a blue Lyα peak – likely resides in an ionized region &gt;0.7 pMpc, with residual neutral fraction &lt;10−5.5. To ionize its own proximity zone we infer COLA1 has a high ionizing photon escape fraction (fesc &gt; 0.50), relatively steep UV slope (β &lt; −1.79), and low line-of-sight gas density (∼0.5 times the cosmic mean), suggesting it is a rare, underdense line-of-sight.