bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ion-Selective Electrode and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry to Determine Iodine in Milk-Based Nutritional Products
Authors: Hammer Daniel , Andrey Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The performances of 2 official methods for iodine analysis based on inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the ion-selective electrode (ISE) method were compared for milk-based products. The aim of the study was to determine the performance characteristics of both methods to check the labeled concentration of iodine. Good precision was found for both methods with highest relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr) at 2.3 and 2.7 for ISE and ICP-MS, respectively. Intermediate reproducibility (RSDiR), single laboratory within 6 different days, was also good with the highest values at 7.3 and 8 by ISE and ICP-MS, respectively. Measurement uncertainty was estimated based on the RSDiR data, and it was concluded that both methods were capable of determining iodine concentrations within an uncertainty below 20. The accuracy of the methods was determined by analyzing certified reference materials, in-house proficiency test samples, and commercial products. Both methods returned similar results when applied on freshly opened samples. In samples that had been opened and kept exposed to air during storage, ISE returned lower iodine concentrations than ICP-MS. In commercial samples, the linear regression between both methods was ISE 0.95 ICP-MS 0.060 for freshly opened samples and ISE 0.85 ICP-MS 0.069 for samples exposed to air. The tendency of ISE to return lower results than ICP-MS is explained by the fact that ISE is sensitive to iodide but does not measure iodine that may be bound organically to the matrix. This seems to be more pronounced in samples that were stored longer. Because in most countries iodine is labeled as total iodine, acceptance of an international standard based on the ICP-MS technique which takes all forms of iodine into account, is recommended. This would help to avoid any potential dispute on the accuracy of labeled iodine concentrations in finished products.
Differential Thermal Isomerization: Its Role in the Analysis of Vitamin D3 in Foods
Authors: Gill Brendon D , Abernethy Grant A , Indyk Harvey E , Wood Jackie E , Woollard David C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
For nutritional purposes, the measurement of vitamin D3 (defined as the sum of vitamin D3 and previtamin D3) is required to obtain an accurate and reliable estimate of its content in foods. An often neglected aspect in the development of methods for the analysis of vitamin D3 is accounting for any potential analytical bias in the results associated with differential thermal isomerization between previtamin D and vitamin D.

Conclusions
For LC-UV methods using a vitamin D2 internal standard, cold saponification, or direct lipid extraction techniques should be avoided, unless chromatographic separation of vitamin D2, vitamin D3, and their previtamin forms is achieved so that UV absorbance corrections can be made. For both LC-UV and LC-MS methods using calciferol internal standards, the simplest solution to avoid analytical bias due to the presence of previtamin D is to utilize heating conditions (typically during saponification) such that previtamin D and vitamin D in the sample and the internal standard reach an equivalent equilibrium state prior to instrumental analysis. Only under such circumstances is the integration of previtamin D unnecessary to obtain accurate results for vitamin D3.

Highlights
A detailed discussion of the quantitation of vitamin D3 in food with concise recommendations for avoiding measurement bias as a consequence of differential thermal isomerization.
Application of homeostatic principles within evolutionary design processes: adaptive urban tissues
Authors: Showkatbakhsh Milad , Makki Mohammed 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nature is a repository of dynamic and intertwined processes ready to be analyzed and simulated. Homeostasis, as a scale-free and universal biological process across all species, ensures adaptability to perturbations caused by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Homeostatic processes by which species maintain their stability are strongly present through ontogenetic and phylogenetic histories of living beings. Forms and behaviors of species are imperative to their homeostatic conditions. Although biomimicry has been established for many decades, and has made significant contributions to engineering and architecture, homeostasis has rarely been part of this field of research. The experiments presented in this paper aim to examine the applicability of biological principles of homeostasis into generative design processes in order to evolve urban superblocks with a degree of morphological and behavioral adaptation to environmental changes; the objective is to eventually develop a modus operandi for the design and development of cities with embedded dynamic adaptation attributes.
Nonlocal vibration of carbon/boron-nitride nano-hetero-structure in thermal and magnetic fields by means of nonlinear finite element method
Authors: Sedighi Hamid M , Malikan Mohammad , Valipour Ali , Żur Krzysztof Kamil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hybrid nanotubes composed of carbon and boron-nitride nanotubes have manifested as innovative building blocks to exploit the exceptional features of both structures simultaneously. On the other hand, by mixing with other types of materials, the fabrication of relatively large nanotubes would be feasible in the case of macroscale applications. In the current article, a nonlinear finite element formulation is employed to deal with the nonlocal vibrational behavior of carbon/boron-nitride nano-hetero-tubes in the presence of magneto-thermal environment. Euler–Bernoulli beam model in conjunction with the Eringen’s nonlocal theory of elasticity is adopted to derive the governing equation of motion. In order to conduct a nonlinear frequency analysis, the von-Kármán nonlinearity associated with moderate rotations is also considered. It is well known that temperature gradients can significantly change the dynamic behavior of nanotubes. On the other hand, the coefficients of thermal expansions of carbon and boron-nitride nanotubes are quite different that may affect the structural stability of hybrid nanotubes. Hence, to explore the vibration characteristic of such composite structures, the influence of magneto-thermal environment is also taken into account. Finally, the eigenvalue analysis is performed to exhibit the nonlinear mode shapes and natural frequencies of the system due to initial displacement. It is expected that the recognition of dynamic behavior of such hybrid nanotubes may open the doors to the creative design of next-generation nano-devices.
Invasion of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) into the United States: Developing a National Response to an Invasive Species Crisis Through Collaborative Research and Outreach Efforts
Authors: Ludwick Dalton , Morrison William R , Acebes-Doria Angelita L , Agnello Arthur M , Bergh J Christopher , Buffington Matthew L , Hamilton George C , Harper Jayson K , Hoelmer Kim A , Krawczyk Gregory , Kuhar Thomas P , Pfeiffer Douglas G , Nielsen Anne L , Rice Kevin B , Rodriguez-Saona Cesar , Shearer Peter W , Shrewsbury Paula M , Talamas Elijah J , Walgenbach James F , Wiman Nik G , Leskey Tracy C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Stål), the brown marmorated stink bug, is a globally invasive stink bug species. Its first major outbreak was in the United States, where it has caused millions of dollars in damage, threatened livelihoods of specialty crop growers and impacted row crop growers, and become an extreme nuisance pest in and around dwellings. The BMSB IPM Working Group, funded by the Northeastern IPM Center, was central to providing a mechanism to form a multidisciplinary team and develop initial and subsequent research, Extension, regulatory and consumer priorities. Ultimately, a project team consisting of over 50 scientists from 11 institutions in 10 states obtained the largest ever USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative CAP grant, totaling over $10.7 million, to tackle this crisis over a 5-yr period (2011–2016). Researchers and Extension educators integrated stakeholder feedback throughout the course of the project, and priorities evolved according to needs of affected growers and public stakeholders. Initially, the team focused on identification of H. halys, its damage symptoms and crop-specific risks, and short-term mitigation strategies for crop protection. Subsequently, work focused on its biology, ecology, and behavior leading to the development of potential longer-term IPM tactics and landscape level management solutions, including biological control. This work continues under a second SCRI CAP grant (2016–2021). The information from the initial team reached an estimated 22,000 specialty crop stakeholder contacts via Extension efforts, and over 600 million people via mainstream media. We highlight the main lessons learned from coordinating a national response to the threat posed by H. halys to agriculture in the United States.
Using movement ecology to investigate meningeal worm risk in moose, Alces alces
Authors: Ditmer Mark A , McGraw Amanda M , Cornicelli Louis , Forester James D , Mahoney Peter J , Moen Ron A , Stapleton Seth P , St-Louis Véronique , VanderWaal Kimberly , Carstensen Michelle 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Anthropogenic habitat change and moderating climatic conditions have enabled the northward geographic expansion of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, and of the parasitic nematode (meningeal worm) it carries, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. This expansion can have consequences in dead-end host species for other ungulates because meningeal worm reduces health, causes morbidity or direct mortality, and has been attributed to population declines. In northeastern Minnesota, which marks the southern extent of the bioclimatic range for moose (Alces alces), the moose population has declined more than 50% in the last decade, with studies detecting P. tenuis in 25–45% of necropsied animals. We assessed the factors that most commonly are associated with meningeal worm infection by linking moose movement ecology with known P. tenuis infection status from necropsy. We outfitted moose with GPS collars to assess their space use and cause-specific mortality. Upon death of the subject animal, we performed a necropsy to determine the cause of death and document meningeal worm infection. We then created statistical models to assess the relationship between meningeal worm infection and exposure to hypothesized factors of infection risk based on the space use of each moose by season. Predictors included land cover types, deer space use and density, environmental conditions, and demographics of individual moose (age and sex). Moose with autumn home ranges that included more upland shrub/conifer, and individuals with high proportions of wet environments, regardless of season, had increased infection risk. In contrast, the strongest relationships we found showed that high proportions of mixed and conifer forest within spring home ranges resulted in reduced risk of infection. The spring models showed the strongest relationships between exposure and infection, potentially due to moose foraging on ground vegetation during spring. By incorporating movement of moose into disease ecology, we were able to take a top-down approach to test hypothesized components of infection risk with actual spatial and temporal exposure of individual necropsied moose. The probability of infection for moose was not influenced by deer density, although deer densities did not vary greatly within the study area (2–4 deer/km2), highlighting the importance of also considering both moose space use and environmental conditions in understanding infection risk. We suggest management strategies that use a combination of deer and land management prescriptions designed to limit contact rates in susceptible populations.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Shedding in French Day-Care Centers: A Nationwide Study of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Centers’ Practices, and Parents’ Awareness of CMV
Authors: Alain Sophie , Garnier-Geoffroy Françoise , Labrunie Anaïs , Montané Amélie , Marin Benoit , Gatet Martine , Grosjean Jérôme , Dufour Véronique , Saugeras Mathilde , Postil Deborah , Hantz Sébastien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains an important healthcare burden, resulting from primary or secondary infection in pregnant women. Exposure to young children’s saliva is a major risk factor, as prevalence of CMV shedding can reach 34%.MethodsThis cross-sectional, multicenter, nationwide study was conducted in randomly selected day care centers (DCCs), and complemented with a survey among parents and DCCs. All children aged &gt;3 months were eligible. The study measured the CMV shedding prevalence in children’s saliva and described CMV genotypes epidemiology. The risk factors for CMV shedding and high viral load were evaluated using multivariable models.ResultsA total of 93 DCCs participated. Among the 1770 enrolled children with evaluable samples, the CMV shedding prevalence was 40% (713/1770, 95% confidence interval, 34.6–46.1), independently associated with children aged between 12 and 18 months, history of CMV infection in ≥1 parents, a mid-level income. Prevalence increased with DCC staff workload and attending children number. Viral load was ≥5 log-copies CMV/mL in 48% (342/713). Risk factors for higher viral load included children aged between 12 and 18 months, and still being breastfed. The most frequent genotype combinations were gB1-gN4c-gH2 (6.9%), gB1-gN2-gH2 (6.3%), gB4a-gN3a-gH1 (6.3%), and gB1-gN3b-gH2 (5,7%). CMV awareness was low in parents: their serological status was unknown by 72% of mothers and 82% of fathers. Only 41% knew something about CMV.ConclusionsCMV shedding was independently associated with risk factors related to the children, family and DCC. Some of these risk factors may influence prevention strategies, including through an improved information provided to parents.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT01704222.
Multiply Robust Bootstrap Variance Estimation in the Presence of Singly Imputed Survey Data
Authors: Chen Sixia , Haziza David , Mashreghi Zeinab 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Item nonresponse in surveys is usually dealt with through single imputation. It is well known that treating the imputed values as if they were observed values may lead to serious underestimation of the variance of point estimators. In this article, we propose three pseudo-population bootstrap schemes for estimating the variance of imputed estimators obtained after applying a multiply robust imputation procedure. The proposed procedures can handle large sampling fractions and enjoy the multiple robustness property. Results from a simulation study suggest that the proposed methods perform well in terms of relative bias and coverage probability, for both population totals and quantiles.
Redox metabolism: the hidden player in carbon and nitrogen signaling?
Authors: Chaput Valentin , Martin Antoine , Lejay Laurence 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
While decades of research have considered redox metabolism as purely defensive, recent results show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for growth and development. Close relationships have been found between the regulation of nitrogen metabolism and ROS in response to both carbon and nitrogen availability. Root nitrate uptake and nitrogen metabolism have been shown to be regulated by a signal from the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) in response to carbon signaling. As a major source of NADP(H), the OPPP is critical to maintaining redox balance under stress situations. Furthermore, recent results suggest that at least part of the regulation of the root nitrate transporter by nitrogen signaling is also linked to the redox status of the plant. This leads to the question of whether there is a more general role of redox metabolism in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism by carbon and nitrogen. This review highlights the role of the OPPP in carbon signaling and redox metabolism, and the interaction between redox and nitrogen metabolism. We discuss how redox metabolism could be an important player in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in response to carbon/nitrogen interaction and the implications for plant adaptation to extreme environments and future crop development.
The Multi-Tracer Optimal Estimator applied to VIPERS
Authors: Montero-Dorta Antonio D , Abramo L Raul , Granett Benjamin R , de la Torre Sylvain , Guzzo Luigi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We use mock galaxy data from the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) to test the performance of the Multi-Tracer Optimal Estimator (MTOE) of Abramo et al. as a tool to measure the monopoles of the power spectra of multiple tracers of the large-scale structure, $P^{(0)}_\alpha (\mathbf {k})$. We show that MTOE provides more accurate measurements than the standard technique of Feldman, Kaiser & Peacock (FKP), independently of the tracer-selection strategy adopted, on both small and large scales. The largest improvements on individual $P^{(0)}_\alpha (\mathbf {k})$ are obtained on small scales, using a colour–magnitude selection, due to MTOE being naturally better equipped to deal with shot noise: we report an average error reduction with respect to FKP of $\sim 30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at $0.3 \lt k \, [h$ Mpc−1] &lt; 0.5, with improvements exceeding 40–50 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for some tracers. On large scales (k[h Mpc−1] ≲ 0.1), the gain in accuracy resulting from cosmic-variance cancellation is ∼10 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the ratios of $P^{(0)}_\alpha (\mathbf {k})$. We have carried out a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis to determine the impact of these gains on several quantities derived from $P^{(0)}_\alpha (\mathbf {k})$. If we pushthat the estimated power spectra are themselves the measurement to scales $0.3 \lt k \, [h$ Mpc−1] &lt; 0.5, the average improvements are $\sim 30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the amplitudes of the monopoles, $\sim 75{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the monopole ratios, and $\sim 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the linear galaxy biases. Our results highlight the potential of MTOE to shed light upon the physics that operate both on large and small cosmological scales. The effect of MTOE on cosmological constraints using VIPERS data will be addressed in a separate paper.
Mass outflow of the X-ray emission line gas in NGC 4151
Authors: Kraemer S B , Turner T J , Couto J D , Crenshaw D M , Schmitt H R , Revalski M , Fischer T C 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We have analysed Chandra/High Energy Transmission Gratings spectra of the X-ray emission line gas in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151. The zeroth-order spectral images show extended H- and He-like O and Ne, up to a distance r ∼ 200 pc from the nucleus. Using the first-order spectra, we measure an average line velocity ∼−230 km s−1, suggesting significant outflow of X-ray gas. We generated cloudy photoionization models to fit the first-order spectra; the fit required three distinct emission line components. To estimate the total mass of ionized gas and the mass outflow rates, we applied the model parameters to fit the zeroth-order emission line profiles of Ne ix and Ne x. We determined the total mass of ≈5.4 × 105 M⊙. Assuming the same kinematic profile as that for the [O iii] gas, derived from our analysis of Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectra, the peak X-ray mass outflow rate was ≈1.8 M⊙ yr−1, at r ∼ 150 pc. The total mass and mass outflow rates are similar to those determined using [O iii], implying that the X-ray gas is a major outflow component. However, unlike the optical outflows, the X-ray outflow rate does not drop off at r &gt; 100 pc, which suggests that it may have a greater impact on the host galaxy.
A limit on Planck-scale froth with ESPRESSO
Authors: Cooke Ryan , Welsh Louise , Fumagalli Michele , Pettini Max 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Some models of quantum gravity predict that the very structure of space–time is ‘frothy’ due to quantum fluctuations. Although the effect is expected to be tiny, if these space–time fluctuations grow over a large distance, the initial state of a photon, such as its energy, is gradually washed out as the photon propagates. Thus, in these models, even the most monochromatic light source would gradually disperse in energy due to space–time fluctuations over large distances. In this paper, we use science verification observations obtained with ESPRESSO at the Very Large Telescope to place a novel bound on the growth of space–time fluctuations. To achieve this, we directly measure the width of a narrow Fe ii absorption line produced by a quiescent gas cloud at redshift $z$ ≃ 2.34, corresponding to a comoving distance of ≃5.8 Gpc. Using a heuristic model where the energy fluctuations grow as σE/E = (E/EP)α, where EP ≃ 1.22 × 1028 eV is the Planck energy, we rule out models with α ≤ 0.634, including models where the quantum fluctuations grow as a random walk process (α = 0.5). Finally, we present a new formalism where the uncertainty accrued at discrete space–time steps is drawn from a continuous distribution. We conclude, if photons take discrete steps through space–time and accumulate Planck-scale uncertainties at each step, then our ESPRESSO observations require that the step size must be at least ≳ 1013.2lP, where lP is the Planck length.
Synthetic spectroscopic indices for identifying multiple stellar populations in globular clusters
Authors: Bertone Emanuele , Chávez Miguel , Mendoza J César 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present an investigation of synthetic spectroscopic indices that can plausibly help in identifying the presence of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters. The study is based on a new grid of stellar model atmospheres and high-resolution (R = 500 000) synthetic spectra, that consider chemical partitions that have been singled out in Galactic globular clusters. The data base is composed of 3472 model atmospheres and theoretical spectra calculated with the collection of Fortran codes DFSYNTHE, ATLAS9 and SYNTHE, developed by Robert L. Kurucz. They cover a range of effective temperature from 4300 to 7000 K, surface gravity from 2.0 to 5.0 dex and four different chemical compositions. A set of 19 spectroscopic indices were calculated from a degraded version (R = 2500) of the theoretical spectra data set. The set includes five indices previously used in the context of globular clusters analyses and 14 indices that we have newly defined by maximizing the capability of differentiating the chemical compositions. We explored the effects of atmospheric parameters on the index values and identified the optimal spectral diagnostics that allow to trace the signatures of objects of different stellar populations, located in the main sequence, the red giant branch and the horizontal branch. We found a suitable set of indices, that mostly involve molecular bands (in particular NH, but also CH and CN), that are very promising for spectroscopically identifying multiple stellar populations in globular clusters.