bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking patterns and processes of tree community assembly across spatial scales in tropical montane forests
Authors: Bañares‐de‐Dios Guillermo , Macía Manuel J. , Granzow‐de la Cerda Íñigo , Arnelas Itziar , Martins de Carvalho Gabriel , Espinosa Carlos I. , Salinas Norma , Swenson Nathan G. , Cayuela Luis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany studies have tried to assess the role of both deterministic and stochastic processes in community assembly, yet a lack of consensus exists on which processes are more prevalent and at which spatial scales they operate. To shed light on this issue, we tested two nonmutually exclusive, scale‐dependent hypotheses: (1) that competitive exclusion dominates at small spatial scales; and (2) that environmental filtering does so at larger ones. To accomplish this, we studied the functional patterns of tropical montane forest communities along two altitudinal gradients, in Ecuador and Peru, using floristic and functional data from 60 plots of 0.1 ha. We found no evidence of either functional overdispersion or clustering at small spatial scales, but we did find functional clustering at larger ones. The observed pattern of clustering, consistent with an environmental filtering process, was more evident when maximizing the environmental differences among any pair of plots. To strengthen the link between the observed community functional pattern and the underlying process of environmental filtering, we explored differences in the climatic preferences of the most abundant species found at lower and higher elevations and examined whether their abundances shifted along the elevation gradient. We found (1) that greater community functional differences (observed between lower and upper tropical montane forest assemblies) were mostly the result of strong climatic preferences, maintained across the Neotropics; and (2) that the abundances of such species shifted along the elevational gradient. Our findings support the conclusion that, at large spatial scales, environmental filtering is the overriding mechanism for community assembly, because the pattern of functional clustering was linked to species’ similarities in their climatic preferences, which ultimately resulted in shifts in species abundances along the gradient. However, there was no evidence of competitive exclusion at more homogeneous, smaller spatial scales, where plant species effectively compete for resources.
Interactive effects of large‐ and local‐scale environmental gradients on phenotypic differentiation
Authors: Benes Kylla , Bracken Matthew E. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntraspecific differentiation across a steep environmental gradient depends on the relative influences of evolutionary, organismal, and environmental processes. But steep environmental gradients may be nested within larger‐scale, regional conditions that could influence these processes at the local scale. Therefore, we hypothesized that phenotypic differentiation along a steep environmental gradient would vary among regions. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment on rocky intertidal shores, a habitat characterized by gradients in abiotic and biotic stress, in three regions of the Gulf of Maine. We used the ubiquitous and ecologically important rockweed species Fucus vesiculosus to quantify differentiation in growth, tissue nitrogen, and nitrogen productivity between upper and lower intertidal individuals. We found that phenotypic differentiation between tide heights varied among traits and regions. Although tissue nitrogen did not vary among any treatment combinations, growth and nitrogen productivity response were region specific. A strong effect of transplant height was found in all regions; however, an effect of home (source) height was only detectable in the central Gulf of Maine. Our study reveals that intraspecific responses to steep environmental gradients vary among populations, but the mechanisms underlying these patterns remain unknown. Given the roles that rockweeds play as food and habitat, these in situ patterns of growth and nitrogen productivity could have important community‐ and ecosystem‐level consequences.
Microvascular blood flow with heat transfer in a wavy channel having electroosmotic effects
Authors: Nadeem Sohail , Kiani Mishal Nayab , Saleem Anber , Issakhov Alibek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present paper addresses microvascular blood flow with heat and mass transfer in complex wavy microchannel modulated by electroosmosis. Investigation is carried out with joule heating and chemical reaction effects. Further, viscous dissipation is also considered. Using Debye–Huckel, lubrication theory, and long wavelength approximations, analytical solutions of dimensionless boundary value problems are obtained. The impacts of different parameters are examined for temperature and concentration profile. Furthermore, nature of pressure rise is also investigated to analyze the pumping characteristics. Important results of flow phenomena are explored by means of graphs.
The impact of carrying load on physical performance during ascending evacuation movement
Authors: Velasco Alejandra , Halder Amitava , Kuklane Kalev , Ronchi Enrico 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis study investigates how ascending movement is affected by carrying load during a stair‐climbing motion. The methods adopted are based on exercise physiology and fire safety engineering. Experiments with 21 volunteers with mean (SD) age of 27 (4) have been carried out on a stair machine with or without carrying a mass of 8 kg, typical weight of a hand luggage or the average weight of an 8‐months old infant. Oxygen uptake (V˙O2), heart rate (HR), metabolic rate (M), and perceived exertion results showed a decrease in performance in the scenario with additional load. Participants climbed an average of 92 m without carrying a load, in comparison to 84 m when they were carrying it in a 5 minutes task. An average increase of 4% in the V˙O2 and the HR was found in the experiments with the additional mass. The strongest correlating variables observed were M and the vertical distance covered. Differences in perceived exertion occurred after four minutes into the exercise, with higher values in the case with additional load. These results show the need for considering the negative impact of carrying load while designing infrastructures in case of ascending evacuation and while developing evacuation modelling tools.
Modeling CO2 plume migration using an invasion‐percolation approach that includes dissolution
Authors: Mehana Mohamed , Hosseini Seyyed A. , Meckel Timothy A. , Viswanathan Hari 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGeological carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration has been proposed as a viable technique to decrease effective emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere. However, the security of this sequestration is tied to our understanding of the long‐term migration of CO2 in subsurface. The dissolution of CO2 in the reservoir brine is one of the main long‐term trapping mechanisms. However, the assumptions used in large‐scale reservoir simulations usually lead to an overestimation of the dissolution volume. We propose a modified approach based on the macroscopic invasion‐percolation (MIP) theory that allows the dissolution of CO2 into brine. We used a high‐resolution geological model to compare the Darcy‐, modified MIP‐, and classic MIP‐based simulation results. We observed a significant shrinkage in the nonaqueous plume volume when dissolution is considered during the MIP simulation. In the case of Darcy‐based simulation, the plume was completely trapped inside the reservoir with limited migration even after a thousand‐year simulation. On the other hand, the majority of the plume migrated out of the simulated reservoir in the case of MIP. Our approach provides more realistic estimation of the dissolution volume and nonaqueous plume extent while leveraging the computational efficiency enjoyed by MIP. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
User preference and usability assessments of touchpad surface tactile in laptops
Authors: Ou Yang‐Kun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the usability and user preference of Mylar surface films with different degrees of roughness for laptop touchpads. A total of 30 individuals were recruited to participate in an experiment. The usability of the touchpad was assessed using Fitts' law task. The user's subjective feelings were collected, including value perception, texture sensation, and preference. The experimental results indicated a shorter reaction time when the surface roughness of the touchpad was greater than 1.0 μm. However, the error rate was lower and subjective preference was higher when the surface roughness of the touchpad was between 0.5 and 1.3 μm. The results of this study provide an understanding of the effects of touchpad roughness on human motor control behavior and could guide the choice of surface materials for future touchpad design and manufacture.
Association between SLCO1A2 genetic variation and methotrexate toxicity in human rheumatoid arthritis treatment
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Yin Jun , Li Wei , Xiao Chunyuan , Han Jie , Zhou Fanfan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMethotrexate (MTX), one of the important disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs, is the first‐line drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. However, its adverse drug effects (ADEs) often lead to the abortion of MTX therapy. Human organic anion‐transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2, also referred as OATP‐A or OATP1) encoded by SLCO1A2 gene is an important isoform of the solute carrier transporter (SLC) family. It is known to participate in the cellular uptake of MTX. In our previous study, we identified four OATP1A2 natural variants (E184K, D185N, T259P, and D288N) with impaired MTX uptake activity. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the SLCO1A2 genetic variations encoding these OATP1A2 variants and MTX‐related toxicity in RA patients. A total of 60 RA patients were genotyped for these four polymorphisms (G550A, G553A, A775C, and G862A). The association between SLCO1A2 genetic variations and MTX toxicity was analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis revealed that A775C and G862A SNPs were not detected in RA patients enrolled in this study, and the presence of 550AA genotype was associated with a high risk of MTX ADEs. Haplotype analysis revealed that H3 (H3 = AG) showed a high risk of MTX ADEs. Furthermore, there was a significant association of 550AA genotype and impaired MTX disposition, which might be the cause of the increased incidence of MTX ADEs in RA patients. Therefore, genetic variations in SLCO1A2 gene are risk factors for MTX toxicity and its information contributes to the prediction of MTX‐related toxicity in RA treatment.
Experiencing the Everyday of Waste Pickers: A Sustainable Livelihoods and Health Assessment in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Sayed Mohammad Nazim , Gutberlet Jutta , Ramezani Anahita , Nasiruddin Sayed Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWaste pickers make a livelihood by collecting recyclable waste contributing to urban development and poverty reduction. Most often, they are socially excluded and exposed to different vulnerabilities (e.g. occupational health risks and accidents). This study adopts the sustainable livelihoods framework to assess multifaceted aspects of everyday life and work experiences of waste pickers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The framework takes an integrated and transdisciplinary approach to livelihood assets and vulnerabilities. Our findings reveal a situation of extreme poverty and neglect of waste pickers, while they are making the city more sustainable. Specific policies, strategies and actions are required to reduce risks and improve the working conditions of waste pickers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving analytical method of Sr/Ca ratios in coral skeletons for paleo‐SST reconstructions using ICP‐OES
Authors: Watanabe Takaaki K. , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Ohmori Kazuto , Yamazaki Atsuko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStrontium/calcium ratios (Sr/Ca) in reef coral skeletons have been used for sea surface temperature (SST) proxy. Because skeletons of reef corals are accumulated throughout more than 100 years, SST records from coral skeletons were important archives to reveal climate mechanisms. Here, we improved the coral Sr/Ca analytical method using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer which method has advantages in terms of initial/running cost and analysis time. We checked variations of Sr and Ca sensitivities as increases of Ca concentrations using various wavelengths of Sr and Ca. Our results suggested that sensitivities of Sr/Ca in a range of coral skeletons were modulated by selections of wavelengths and sensitivity changes of Sr and Ca. A combination of Sr(421.5 nm) and Ca(373.6 nm) is stable for the Sr/Ca analysis at a low Ca concentration. A SD of Sr/Ca(421.5/373.6 nm) was 0.006 mmol mol−1 (1σ, n = 40) based on the replicate measurement of the reference material (JCp‐1) using our new method. By applying a Porites colony from Kikai island, Japan, a precision of reconstructed SST was over ± 0.3°C at weekly resolution.
Distribution and Abundance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Relation to Habitat Characteristics at Multiple Spatial Scales
Authors: Heckel John W. , Quist Michael C. , Watkins Carson J. , Dux Andrew M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The distribution and relative abundance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout (WCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi in relation to habitat characteristics remain unknown across large portions of the species’ range. The goals of this research were to provide a foundational understanding of WCT distribution and relative abundance related to habitat characteristics in tributaries of the St. Maries River, Idaho—a highly altered watershed. The basin drains an area of approximately 1,863 km2 and has a longitudinal elevation difference of about 207 m. Backpack electrofishing and habitat assessments were conducted at 68 reaches in 35 different tributaries of the St. Maries River in 2017 and 2018. Habitat was measured at small (reach-level) and large (watershed-level) scales. A total of 652 WCT was sampled from 52 of 68 total reaches. Habitat characteristics varied by age-class, but most WCT were estimated to be age 0 and age 1. Logistic regression models indicated that the presence of age-0 WCT was positively related to stream gradient and elevation, but negatively related to water temperature, road density, fine substrate, stream depth, and the presence of Brook Trout (BKT) Salvelinus fontinalis. The relative abundance of age-0 WCT was positively associated with road density and inversely related to wetted width, canopy cover, and elevation. The presence of age-1 and older (age-1+) WCT was positively related to gradient, canopy cover, and elevation, but negatively associated with road density, temperature, stream depth, and the presence of BKT. Relative abundance of age-1+WCT was positively associated with gradient, large substrate, canopy cover, and road density. Conversely, the relative abundance of age-1+WCT was inversely related to wetted width and elevation. This research indicates that WCT populations can persist in response to altered landscapes when suitable habitat exists. However, unmitigated threats, such as nonnative species competition (e.g., BKT), hybridization with Rainbow Trout O. mykiss, habitat loss, and habitat fragmentation, pose persistent complications to WCT abundance in locations where populations appear robust but their actual abundance is unknown.
Statistical Predictions in String Theory and Deep Generative Models
Authors: Halverson James , Long Cody 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenerative models in deep learning allow for sampling probability distributions that approximate data distributions. We propose using generative models for making approximate statistical predictions in the string theory landscape. For vacua admitting a Lagrangian description this can be thought of as learning random tensor approximations of couplings. As a concrete proof‐of‐principle, we demonstrate in a large ensemble of Calabi‐Yau manifolds that Kähler metrics evaluated at points in Kähler moduli space are well‐approximated by ensembles of matrices produced by a deep convolutional Wasserstein GAN. Accurate approximations of the Kähler metric eigenspectra are achieved with far fewer than h11 Gaussian draws. Accurate extrapolation to values of h11 outside the training set are achieved via a conditional GAN. Together, these results implicitly suggest the existence of strong correlations in the data, as might be expected if Reid's fantasy is correct.
A systematic review of the true benefit of robotic surgery: Ergonomics
Authors: Wee Ian Jun Yan , Kuo Li‐Jen , Ngu James Chi‐Yong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundErgonomics, as defined by the optimization of one's physical environment to enhance work performance, is an important consideration in surgery. While there have been reviews on the ergonomics of laparoscopy, this has not been the case for robotic surgery despite the rising number of publications.MethodsThis study was performed in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search was performed on main databases to identify relevant articles.ResultsTwenty‐nine articles were included, comprising 3074 participants. Studies employing objective measurement tools showed that robotics conferred superior ergonomic benefits and reduced work load compared to laparoscopy, for both surgeons and trainees. Survey studies also demonstrated that self‐reported discomfort was lower in robotic procedures compared to laparoscopy and open surgery. Compared to other subspecialities, gynecological procedures seem to be associated with greater surgeon‐reported strain.ConclusionRobotic surgery is ergonomically superior to open and laparoscopic surgery. However, rates of physical strain remain significant and should be addressed by formal ergonomic training and adequate console familiarization.
Digitally planned root end surgery with static guide and custom trephine burs: A case report
Authors: Antal Márk , Nagy Eszter , Sanyó Lajos , Braunitzer Gábor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionApicoectomy is an endodontic surgical intervention that requires high precision. The computer‐assisted static guided approach has proven to increase the precision of dental implantation in a significant manner. The authors sought to transfer this precision to root‐end resection with the use of custom designed trephine burs manufactured specifically for use in targeted endodontic microsurgery.MethodsA set of custom bone trephines were designed and manufactured, then their digital models were integrated into an already existing implant surgical planning software, in cooperation with the software developer. Apicoectomy was performed in an actual case with the help of the new system.ResultsIt has become possible to plan root end removal in the virtual space and to manufacture 3D printed static surgical guides to help the execution of the surgery. A patient with persistent periapical lesion was successfully treated without complication. The 6‐month follow‐up found uneventful healing.ConclusionThe presented system is a step toward a standardized digital system and workflow dedicated to guided endodontic surgery.
Prospect of stem cells conditioned medium (secretome) in ligament and tendon healing: A systematic review
Authors: Rhatomy Sholahuddin , Prasetyo Thomas Edison , Setyawan Riky , Soekarno Noha Roshadiansyah , Romaniyanto FNU , Sedjati Andi Priyo , Sumarwoto Tito , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Suroto Heri , Mahyudin Ferdiansyah , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Tendon or ligament tears can decrease patients' quality of life. Many therapeutic interventions are available to treat such injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to be effective in treating tendon or ligament tears; however, the use of stem cell-conditioned medium (CM) requires further investigation. This review focused on the use of stem cell CM as treatment for tendon or ligament tears.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed (MEDLINE), OVID, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct with the terms conditioned media or conditioned medium or secretome or microvesicle or extracellular vesicle or exosome, and tendon or ligament as the search keywords. A total of 852 articles were reviewed. Five articles were identified as relevant for this systematic review.

Results
Meta-analysis could not be performed because of the high heterogeneity of the reviewed studies; however, the results of this study support a positive effect of conditioned media in tendon and ligament treatment.

Conclusion
This review provides evidence of improvement in the tendon and ligament healing process with stem cell CM therapy in preclinical studies.

Significance statement Tendon or ligament tear can decrease patients' quality of life. Many therapeutic options are available to treat such injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to be effective in treating tendon or ligament tears; however, the use of MSC conditioned medium (CM) needs to be investigated. This review proposes the use of MSC CM as a treatment option for tendon or ligament tear.