bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Much Opposition to Aggrandizers? Explaining Differences in Pushback against Three Philippine Presidents
Authors: Thompson Mark R. , Agojo Kevin N. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA major focus of the democratic backsliding literature has been on “executive aggrandizement” in electoral, institutional, and civil societal arenas. An influential explanation of the strength of opposition to aggrandizers contends that the more democratic accountability remains despite illiberal stratagems, the stronger the pushback is likely to be. A single-country temporal comparison of three aggrandizing Philippine presidents—Ferdinand Marcos Sr., Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and Rodrigo Duterte—demonstrates that this view not only fails to account for stark variation in opposition, it predicts the reverse of what actually occurred. Despite election fraud, constitutional manipulation, and protest crackdowns, Marcos Sr. and Arroyo confronted stronger pushback. By contrast, opposition against Duterte gained little traction although elections remained competitive, institutions were left largely intact, and there was little repression of peaceful protests. This suggests that opposition efficacy is more dependent on how effectively it can contest democratic legitimation claims used to disguise autocratization.
An investigation of diet quality across racial groups in the United Kingdom and United States considering nutritional adequacy, disease risk, and environmental sustainability: a secondary analysis of NDNS and NHANES datasets
Authors: Bennett Grace , Gibney Eileen R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Diet indices are quantitative assessments of the quality of population intake. Understanding diet quality is crucial to support health and well-being; however, knowledge of diet quality across racial groups is limited. To examine diet quality of acial groups ‘White’, ‘Black’, ‘Asian’, and ‘Other’ in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and United States (U.S.), U.K. and U.S. national survey data were used to calculate Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and EAT-Lancet scores. ANCOVA tests compared median total quality scores across racial groups adjusting for covariates. Kruskal–Wallis tests examined differences in individual component scores. Spearman correlations identified association of diet quality scores across indices. Highest diet quality scores were reported for U.K. and U.S. Asian groups. Most noticeable differences were apparent between U.S. Asian and White/Black groups (62% Asians within highest tertile of AHEI-2010 score vs. 29% Whites; P < 0.001). All racial groups demonstrated poor diet quality in terms of sustainability; EAT-Lancet scores were <40% of maximum total score for U.S. White, Black, and Other groups. AHEI-2010 diet quality scores were moderately associated with EAT-Lancet scores, evident across all groups (r = 0.53–0.65; P < 0.001). There is a need for all groups to increase intake of wholegrains, especially Black groups (mean Wholegrain score for U.S. Black group within DQI-I was 0.60 (maximum score of 5)) as demonstrated within AHEI-2010, DQI-I, and EAT-Lancet component scores. Additionally, increased intake of vegetables and legumes and decreased intake of processed and red meat would improve the adequacy, healthiness, and sustainability of U.K. and U.S. racial diets.
Concept for motion sensing using atomic optical memories
Authors: Ahmadi Arash , Murat Yağız , Müstecaplıoğlu Özgür E. , Kuan Pei-Chen , Gündoğan Mustafa , Krutzik Markus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
By harnessing optical memories based on electromagnetically induced transparency in warm vapors of gaseous alkali metals and cold atomic clouds, this article presents new methods for motion sensing. The proposed scheme for velocimetry can substantially increase the sensitivity of some recent works based on the light-dragging effect in a moving medium, and on the other hand, our proposal, when realized using cold atoms, opens new research questions with regard to limits of light storage in cold atomic clouds. Ultimately, a detailed experimental setup is presented for the realization of the velocimetry scheme using stopped light, which includes considerations for the choice of the medium, laser configuration and control. By investigating the limits of optical memories in motion sensing applications, this research opens up new avenues for employing optical memories beyond applications in quantum information science.
On species of genus Byblis Boeck, 1971 (Amphilochidea, Ampeliscidae) reported from India with the description of one new species
Authors: Thacker Dimple , Myers Alan A. , Trivedi Jigneshkumar N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the present study species of the genus Byblis Boeck, 1871, found in India are discussed. Previously, two species of the genus Byblis: B. daleyi (Giles, 1890b) and B. lepta (Giles, 1890a) were recorded from India. The taxonomy and world distribution of the two previously reported species is discussed in the study. Additionally, a new species Byblis kachchhensissp. nov. is also described based on the specimens collected from Gujarat state, India. This new species is differentiated from its closely related species B. calisto Imbach, 1967 by having large eyes placed very close to each other and entire telson.
First record of two cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Apogonidae) from northwestern India
Authors: Ragul Sivakumar , Parmar H. L. , Mahadevan Gopalan , Fricke Ronald 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The current study represents the first records of elusive cardinalfish, Apogon fugax Gon et al., 2020 and twinbar cardinalfish, Apogonichthyoides sialis (Jordan and Thompson, 1914) from the Gujarat coast, northwestern India. During February 2024, regular fishing surveys were conducted to document a bycatch species assemblage. In the course of this study, a total three specimens of A. fugax and a single specimen of A. sialis were procured from Veraval Fishing Harbour, Gujarat, India. Apogon fugax is reported for the first time from Indian waters, while A. sialis is recorded for the first time from northwestern India. Herein, detailed meristic counts, morphometric measurements and the distribution of the species are described.
An empirical study on native Mandarin-speaking children’s metonymy comprehension development
Authors: Xie Songqiao , He Chunyan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates Mandarin-speaking children’s (age 3–7) comprehension development of novel and conventional metonymy, combining online and offline methods. Both online and offline data show significantly better performances from the oldest group (6-to-7-year-old) and a delayed acquisition of conventional metonymy compared with novel metonymy. However, part of offline data shows no significant difference between adjacent age groups, while the eye-tracking data show a chronological development from age 3–7. Furthermore, in offline tasks, the three-year-old group features a high choice randomness and the four-to-five-year-olds show the longest reaction time. Therefore, we argue that, not only age but also metonymy type can influence metonymy acquisition, and that a lack of socio-cultural experience can be a source of acquisition difficulty for children under six. Methodologically speaking, we believe that online methods should not be considered superior to offline ones as they investigate different aspects of implicit and explicit language comprehension.
Is switching more costly in cued than voluntary language switching? Evidence from behaviour and electrophysiology
Authors: Kennis Nora , Zheng Xiaochen Y. , de Bruin Angela , Piai Vitória 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Multilingual language control is commonly investigated using picture-naming paradigms with explicit instructions when to switch between languages. In daily life, language switching also occurs without external cues. Cued language-switching tasks usually show a switch cost (i.e., slower responses on switch than non-switch trials). Findings of switch costs in response times are mixed for voluntary language switching. This pre-registered study uses a bilingual picture-naming paradigm to compare voluntary and cued language switching in 25 highly proficient Dutch-English bilinguals using EEG. We analysed the N2 ERP component and midfrontal theta oscillations, two common electrophysiological markers of cognitive control in task and language switching. We observed significantly smaller behavioural switch costs in the voluntary task. This suggests that voluntary language switching is less effortful than switching based on external cues. However, we found no electrophysiological switch effects in either task. We discuss factors which may contribute to the inconsistency between behavioural and electrophysiological findings.
Toward explaining variability in heritage varieties: Systematic patterns of differential object marking in adult heritage speakers of Spanish
Authors: Callen M. Cole 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent approaches to heritage languages have sought to identify explanations for variability in heritage grammars. The present study explores variable patterns of Spanish differential object marking (DOM) in 40 heritage Spanish speakers (HSs) from the United States and 28 Spanish-dominant bilingual speakers (SDSs) from Mexico. Participants completed a picture description task including human, animal and inanimate direct objects. Both groups exhibited patterns of DOM following the Animacy Scale. However, HSs showed lower DOM rates and greater individual variability with human referents compared to SDSs, even when individual differences in language dominance were considered. Conversely, SDSs produced lower rates of DOM with inanimate objects than HSs. DOM use was constrained by verb-specific animacy biases across animacy conditions and speaker groups. These findings reveal that Spanish HSs maintain baseline-like variable patterns of DOM. Moreover, HSs may advance language change in predictable directions based on patterns of variation present in the baseline variety.
Working memory structure in young Spanish–English bilingual children
Authors: Alt Mary , Hunter DeAnne R. , Levy Roy , Neiling Sarah Lynn , Leon Kimberly , Arizmendi Genesis D. , Cowan Nelson , Gray Shelley 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Working memory encompasses the limited incoming information that can be held in mind for cognitive processing. To date, we have little information on the effects of bilingualism on working memory because, absent evidence, working memory tasks cannot be assumed to measure the same constructs across language groups. To garner evidence regarding the measurement equivalence in Spanish and English, we examined second-grade children with typical development, including 80 bilingual Spanish–English speakers and 167 monolingual English speakers in the United States, using a test battery for which structural equation models have been tested – the Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM). Results established measurement invariance across groups up to the level of scalar invariance.
Gender Apartheid and Asylum: Establishing General Risks of Gender-Based Persecution in International Refugee Law
Authors: Golesorkhi Lara-Zuzan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Does the situation in Afghanistan amount to persecution due to the accumulation of repressive measures enacted against women and is it sufficient that women are affected by such measures merely on the basis of their gender? While these two questions remain in front of the Court of Justice of the EU, several EU member states have moved to grant asylum to women and girls from Afghanistan on general risks of gender-based persecution. This dynamism in asylum regulations across the EU has occurred alongside renewed discussions around gender-based persecution and gender apartheid in international criminal law in light of the ongoing process for a Crimes Against Humanity Treaty. In this article, I put these developments into conversation through case study method and legal-institutional analysis, and argue that the historical link between international refugee law and international criminal law provides a space to envision an integrated system of protection around gender-related claims. To this end, I offer three outlooks for establishing general risks of gender-based persecution in international refugee law and the relationship between gender apartheid and asylum.
Droughts in Wind and Solar Power: Assessing Climate Model Simulations for a Net‐Zero Energy Future
Authors: Liu Xue , Saravanan Ramalingam , Chang Ping , Fu Dan , Xie Le 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting “droughts” in wind and solar power availability can help the electric grid operator planning and operation toward deep renewable penetration. We assess climate models' ability to simulate these droughts at different horizontal resolutions, ∼100 and ∼25 km, over Western North America and Texas. We find that these power droughts are associated with the high/low pressure systems. The simulated wind and solar power variabilities and their corresponding droughts during historical periods are more sensitive to the model bias than to the model resolution. Future climate simulations reveal varied future change of these droughts across different regions. Although model resolution does not affect the simulation of historical droughts, it does impact the simulated future changes. This suggests that regional response to future warming can vary considerably in high‐ and low‐resolution models. These insights have important implications for adapting power system planning and operations to the changing climate.
Observed Regional Impacts of Marine Heatwaves on Sea‐Air CO2 Exchange
Authors: Li Catherine , Burger Friedrich A. , Raible Christoph C. , Frölicher Thomas L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) have devastating effects on ecosystems. Yet a global assessment of the regional impacts of MHWs on the sea‐air exchange is missing. Here, we analyze 30 global observation‐based sea‐air flux data sets from 1990 to 2019. Globally, the oceanic uptake is reduced by 8% (3%–19% across data sets) during MHWs. Regionally, the equatorial Pacific experiences a 31% (3%–49%) reduction in release and MHWs often coincide with extreme sea‐air flux anomalies in this region. The oceanic uptake decreases during MHWs by 29% (19%–37%) and 14% (5%–21%) in the low‐to‐mid latitude Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. Reduced dissolved inorganic carbon in the tropics weakens outgassing, while high ocean temperatures diminish uptake in the low‐to‐mid latitudes. In the subpolar North Pacific and Southern Ocean, enhanced carbon uptake occurs during MHWs, but uncertainties in p data sets limit a comprehensive assessment in these regions.
Relationship Between Tropical Cloud Feedback and Climatological Bias in Clouds
Authors: Thackeray Chad W. , Zelinka Mark D. , Norris Jesse , Hall Alex , Po‐Chedley Stephen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlobal climate model (GCM) projections of future climate are uncertain largely due to a persistent spread in cloud feedback. This is despite efforts to reduce this model uncertainty through a variety of emergent constraints (ECs); with several studies suggesting an important role for present‐day biases in clouds. Here, we use three generations of GCMs to assess the value of climatological cloud metrics for constraining uncertainty in cloud feedback. We find that shortwave cloud radiative properties across the Southern Hemisphere extratropics are most robustly correlated with tropical cloud feedback (TCF). Using this relationship in conjunction with observations, we produce an EC that yields a TCF value of 0.52 ± 0.34 W/m2/K, which equates to a 34% reduction in uncertainty. Thus, we show that climatological cloud properties can be used to reduce uncertainty in how clouds will respond to future warming.
Combined Influence of 10–30‐Day Tropical and Mid–High‐Latitude Intraseasonal Oscillations on the Rapid Increases of Humid Heatwaves in Southern China
Authors: Li Jianying , Liao Zhen , An Ning , Chen Yang , Zhai Panmao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs a typical hotspot of heatwaves, southern China experienced a marked shift from dry to humid heatwaves in the recent decade of 2013–2022. Significant 10–30‐day intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in temperature and humidity is a major contributor to the humid heatwaves. Configuration of the 10–30‐day quasi‐barotropic wave train at mid–high latitudes with the dipolar pattern of tropical convection leads to the concurrence of strong moisture convergence and anomalous descents over southern China. The increased downward longwave radiation in association with moisture enhancement, shortwave radiation and adiabatic heating in association with descents bring about the persisting hot and humid conditions in humid heatwaves. Due to stronger barotropic energy conversion from mean flow to 10–30‐day circulation at mid–high latitudes, and stronger tropical convection activities in the recent decade, the occurrence of 10–30‐day circulation configuration induced humid heatwaves has increased by 13.3%, thus leading to the predominance of humid heatwaves.
Relativistic Electron Flux Decay and Recovery: Relative Roles of EMIC Waves, Chorus Waves, and Electron Injections
Authors: Zhang Zijin , Artemyev Anton , Mourenas Didier , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Kasahara S. , Miyoshi Y. , Matsuoka A. , Kasahara Y. , Mitani T. , Yokota S. , Hori T. , Keika K. , Takashima T. , Teramoto M. , Matsuda S. , Shinohara I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigate the dynamics of relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt by analyzing the interplay of several key physical processes: electron losses due to pitch angle scattering from electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and chorus waves, and electron flux increases from chorus wave‐driven acceleration of 100–300 keV seed electrons injected from the plasma sheet. We examine a weak geomagnetic storm on 17 April 2021, using observations from various spacecraft, including GOES, Van Allen Probes, ERG/ARASE, MMS, ELFIN, and POES. Despite strong EMIC‐ and chorus wave‐driven electron precipitation in the outer radiation belt, trapped 0.1–1.5 MeV electron fluxes actually increased. We use theoretical estimates of electron quasi‐linear diffusion rates by chorus and EMIC waves, based on statistics of their wave power distribution, to examine the role of those waves in the observed relativistic electron flux variations. We find that a significant supply of 100–300 keV electrons by plasma sheet injections together with chorus wave‐driven acceleration can overcome the rate of chorus and EMIC wave‐driven electron losses through pitch angle scattering toward the loss cone, explaining the observed net increase in electron fluxes. Our study emphasizes the importance of simultaneously taking into account resonant wave‐particle interactions and modeled local energy gradients of electron phase space density following injections, to accurately forecast the dynamical evolution of trapped electron fluxes.
Microstructural and Micromechanical Evolution of Olivine Aggregates During Transient Creep
Authors: Wiesman Harison S. , Breithaupt Thomas , Wallis David , Hansen Lars N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo examine the microstructural evolution that occurs during transient creep, we deformed samples of polycrystalline olivine to different strains that spanned the initial transient deformation. Two sets of samples with different initial grain sizes of 5 μm and 20 μm were deformed in torsion at T = 1,523 K, P = 300 MPa, and a constant shear strain rate of 1.5 × 10−4 s−1, during which both sets of samples experienced strain hardening. We characterized the microstructures at the end of each experiment using high‐angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR‐EBSD) and dislocation decoration. In the coarse‐grained samples, dislocation density increased from 1.5 × 1011 m−2 to 3.6 × 1012 m−2 with strain. Although the same final dislocation density was reached in the fine‐grained samples, it did not vary significantly at small strains, potentially due to concurrent grain growth during deformation. In both sets of samples, HR‐EBSD analysis revealed that intragranular stress heterogeneity increased in magnitude with strain and that elevated stresses are associated with regions of high geometrically necessary dislocation density. Further analysis of the stresses and their probability distributions indicate that the stresses are imparted by dislocations and cause long‐range elastic interactions among them. These characteristics indicate that dislocation interactions were the primary cause of strain hardening during transient creep in our samples. A comparison of the results to the predictions of three recent models reveals that the models do not correctly predict the evolution in stress and dislocation density with strain in our experiments due to a lack of previous such data in their calibrations.
Consistent Initial Error Modes Causing the Largest Prediction Errors and the Strongest Predictability Barrier for Two Types of El Niño Events in CMIP6
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Hu Shujuan , Duan Wansuo , Peng Jianjun , Hou Meiyi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBased on the coupled conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (C‐CNOP) method, this study explores the season‐dependent predictability barrier (PB) affecting the forecasts of two types of El Niño (central Pacific, CP; eastern Pacific, EP) events by using CMIP6 models. It is found that CP (EP) El Niño forecasts often occurs summer (spring) PB, and only powerful season‐dependent PB can lead to large prediction errors. Further investigating the initial causes of the largest prediction errors and strongest PB, we find that the spatial pattern of initial errors consistently exhibits the sea temperature anomaly dipole of east positive–west negative in the equatorial Pacific, and errors over upper layers of North (South) Pacific are similar to the negative Victoria mode (South Pacific Meridional Mode). Physically, the mode evolution of initial errors in the equatorial Pacific, North and South Pacific are all positive feedback processes, which together ultimately lead to large cold biases over the central‐eastern (CP) or eastern (EP) equatorial Pacific in December. Analysis shows that the initial error mode of North Pacific mainly affects the cold bias of the central Pacific, whereas the mode of South Pacific mostly controls the bias in the eastern Pacific. These initial error modes found in this study can have more serious impacts on forecasts of two types of El Niño events than that in previous studies. The results of this study offer valuable scientific guidance for the adaptive observation of ENSO, which will likely be able to maximize the prediction skills for two types of El Niño events.