bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The allocation of carbohydrates from vegetable raw materials and their identification with the use of capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Biryulin Stanislav I. , Posokina Nataliya E. , Trishkaneva Marina V. 
Published: November 2019

Relevance. Carbohydrates are integral components of the cells and tissues of all living organisms of the plant and animal world; they are important components of the plant cell walls, as well as the extracellular matrix of animal and human tissues. The type of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides determines their biological functions for the organism. However, it is difficult to establish the relationship between the structure of the carbohydrate molecule and its biological function.Methods. In this article, the author provides an overview of methods for identifying the monosaccharide composition of plant polymers by capillary electrophoresis, in order to optimize the sample preparation procedure and the conditions of analysis. A scheme for the stepwise release of polysaccharides from raw materials is given: the isolation of soluble monosaccharides and polysaccharides, the extraction of the pectin fraction, the extraction of cellulose and hemicelluloses, in order to study the composition of each fraction. A procedure for acid hydrolysis of polymers to monosaccharides using oxidizing agents such as sulfuric and trifluoroacetic acid is described. In the final part of the article, three different schemes for the identification of the monosaccharide composition were analyzed, namely, separation of the components under strongly alkaline conditions, preliminary derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, preliminary preparation of (S) (-) α-methylbenzylamine S-PEA) derivatives.Results or Findings. An analysis of the literature shows that the composition of polysaccharides is widely studied by various methods. At the same time, a number of problems remain associated with the implementation of these methods in terms of sample preparation and identification of all monosaccharides characteristic of the studied raw materials. The method of capillary electrophoresis can solve some of these problems; however, little has been studied. The study of carbohydrates in plant objects begins with the procedure for extracting carbohydrates (polysaccharides and monosaccharides) from the plant matrix, hydrolysis of polysaccharides, and subsequent identification using the CE method. The optimization of this scheme of the CE method for determining the composition of polysaccharides is an urgent scientific task.
La doctrina de la SCJN con relación a las parejas estables en México
Authors: Priego Custodio Claudia Marcela 
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo analiza los fundamentos, razonamientos y consideraciones del más alto tribunal en México con relación a las parejas estables. Las resoluciones dictadas en este tema han originado que parejas que no constituyen concubinatos o matrimonios, tengan derecho a reclamar alimentos, aun cuando las normas en materia civil no reconocen tal situación.
Este análisis fue hecho a partir del método de realismo jurídico y dividido en dos grandes apartados: el primero donde se menciona el origen internacional del derecho a los alimentos para descender hasta la legislación nacional y concluir con datos estadísticos que revelan la importancia de la discusión sostenida por los tribunales mexicanos. En un segundo apartado se incluyen las consideraciones expuestas por los jueces por las que justifican su postura y la protección que otorgan a las parejas estables, concluyendo con el estudio de las consecuencias de dicho criterio.
Derecho del migrante a un trabajo decente en México
Authors: Cornelio Landero Egla 
Published: November 2019

El derecho de los trabajadores migrantes a un empleo decente en México, se encuentra plenamente reconocido en diversos instrumentos internacionales y en el derecho interno, de modo, que no importa la condición migratoria que tengan, pues, el derecho de igualdad y no discriminación son un derecho humano de ius cogens. Trabajador es la persona física que presta un trabajo personal subordinado a otra persona física o moral, en tanto que, el trabajo es un derecho y un deber social, debe efectuarse en condiciones que aseguren la vida digna y la salud de quien lo presta y sus familiares dependientes. Por consiguiente, la condición migratoria de la persona no lo debe limitar a que tengan acceso a un trabajo decente; libre de discriminación por origen étnico o nacional, género, edad, discapacidad, condición social, con acceso a la seguridad social y un salario remunerador, y se cuenta con condiciones óptimas de seguridad e higiene para prevenir riesgos de trabajo.
Eagle Ford Huff ‘n’ Puff Gas-Injection Pilot: Comparison of Reservoir-Simulation, Material Balance, and Real Performance of the Pilot Well
Authors: Orozco Daniel , Fragoso Alfonso , Selvan Karthik , Noble Graham , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: November 2019

Summary
In this study we compare real data from an Eagle Ford Shale huff ‘n’ puff (H&P) gas-injection pilot with reservoir simulation and tank material-balance calculations. The comparison is good and supports the conclusion that oil recovery from the Eagle Ford (and likely other shales) can be increased significantly using H&P.
For H&P to work, the injected gas and the in-situ oil in the shale must be contained vertically and laterally following hydraulic fracturing. Containment is critical for the success of H&P. Containment implies that the injected gas flows into the hydraulic fractures, penetrates the tight matrix, and does not escape or leak outside the target stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Vertical and lateral containment exists in the Eagle Ford as demonstrated previously (Ramirez and Aguilera 2016) with an upside-down distribution of fluids: Natural gas is at the bottom of the structure, condensate in the middle, and oil at the top. Two different matching and forecasting approaches are used in this study: reservoir simulation and tank-material-balance calculations.
The results show a good history match of primary recovery and secondary recovery by H&P in the pilot well. The history match is good in the case of both reservoir simulation and tank material-balance calculations. Once a match is obtained, the simulation and material balance are used to forecast secondary recovery over a period of 10 years with sustained H&P injection of dry gas. The results indicate that dry-gas H&P can increase oil recovery from the Eagle Ford Shale significantly. Under favorable conditions, oil recovery can be doubled and even tripled over time compared with the primary recovery. The addition of heavier ends to the H&P gas injection can increase oil recovery even more, putting it on par with recoveries in conventional reservoirs. The benefit of H&P occurs in the case of both immiscible and miscible gas injection. The H&P benefits can likely be also obtained in other shale reservoirs with upside-down containment of dry gas, condensate, and oil.
The novelty of this work is the combined use of reservoir simulation and tank material-balance calculations to match the performance of an H&P gas-injection pilot in the Eagle Ford Shale of Texas. We conclude that oil recoveries can be increased significantly by H&P.
Efficacy and safety of prophylactic use of ketamine for prevention of postanesthetic shivering: A system review and meta analysis
Authors: Zhou Yang , Mannan Abdul , Han Yuan , Liu He , Guan Hui-Lian , Gao Xing , Dai Ming-Sheng , Cao Junli 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Postanesthetic shivering is a common complication of anesthesia, which accounts for much discomfort in postoperative patients and may increase postoperative complications in high-risk patients. Due to the lack of high-quality evidence, it is difficult to draw a conclusion about optimal anti-shivering medication. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to analyze and evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic use of ketamine for preventing postanesthetic shivering. Methods We used a systematic approach, also known as meta-analysis, to further address postoperative shivering. We searched the following databases: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails for randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome observed was the difference of the incidence rate of postanesthetic shivering between ketamine group and placebo group . The secondary outcomes were the sedation score and incidence of the side effects caused by ketamine and any other drugs utilized in the studies. Results In this meta-analysis, we analyzed a total of 16 trials including 1485 patients. Ketamine reduced the incidence rate of postanesthetic shivering compared to a placebo (odds ratio [OR]: 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06 to 0.26, P＜0.01). Regarding side effects, there was no evident variability of the incidence of nausea and vomiting. Usage of ketamine was associated with a lower rate of hypotension and bradycardia when compared to a placebo. Hallucinations were more frequently observed in patients who received higher doses of ketamine. No significant difference was found in the incidence of postanesthetic shivering with ketamine versus other pharmacological interventions. Conclusions Ketamine can prevent postanesthetic shivering without severe side effects. However, ketamine shows no advantage over other anti-shivering drugs.
A Pilot Evaluation of the Strengthening a Palliative Approach in Long-Term Care (SPA-LTC) Program
Authors: Kaasalainen Sharon , Sussman Tamara , Thompson Genevieve , McCleary Lynn , Hunter Paulette , Venturato Lorraine , Wickson-Griffiths Abigail , Ploeg Jenny , Parker Deborah , Sinclair Shane , Haas Vanina Dal-Bello , Earl Marie , You John 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Despite increased annual mortality in long-term care (LTC) homes, research has shown that care of dying residents and their families is currently suboptimal in these settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate resident and family outcomes associated with the Strengthening a Palliative Approach in LTC (SPA-LTC) program, developed to help encourage meaningful end of life discussions and planning.
Methods: The study employs a mixed method design in four LTC homes across Southern Ontario. Data were collected from residents and families of the LTC homes through chart reviews, interviews, and focus groups.
Results: In total, 39 residents/families agreed to participate in the study. Positive intervention outcomes included a reduction in the proportion of emergency department use at end of life and hospital deaths for those participating in SPA-LTC, improved support for families, and increased family involvement in the care of residents. Residents stated that they appreciated learning about a palliative approach to care and being informed about their current status.
Conclusions: The benefits of SPA-LTC for residents and families justify its continued use within LTC. Study results also suggest that certain enhancements of the program could further promote future integration of best practices within a palliative approach to care within the LTC context.
Zwakala Ndoda: a cluster and individually randomised aimed at improving testing, linkage and adherence to treatment for hard-to reach men in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Rooyen Heidi van , Makusha Tawanda , Joseph Phillip , Ngubane Thulani , Kulich Michal , Sweat Michael , Coates Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Men in sub-Saharan Africa are less likely than women to get tested for HIV, less likely to present for treatment, less likely to be maintained in treatment, more likely to have detectable viral load, more likely to transmit HIV with unprotected intercourse, and more likely to progress to AIDS and die sooner from HIV. The ultimate objective of this research is to provide evidence-based strategies to improve HIV testing and treatment of HIV-infected men. Methods This study is being conducted in the Greater Edendale Area and Vulindlela region in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is a two-stage design of a cluster-randomised trial and an individual randomised trial to test how structural and individual-level interventions address the demand-side factors that affect HIV testing and treatment for hard-to reach, high-risk men. It combines male-focused mobilization, community-based mobile HIV Testing Services and a small incentive to determine if the strategies singly and in combination can result in more men diagnosed with HIV, and more men linked to and maintained in care with undetectable viral load. Discussion A priority for sub-Sahara Africa is developing and evaluating novel and cost-effective strategies for identifying hard-to-reach groups such as men, linking them to HIV testing and care services and maintaining them in care to the point of viral suppression. We propose a combination prevention intervention that addresses men’s individual, interpersonal, and structural barriers to testing and care. This includes male-led mobilization to encourage uptake of testing and treatment; male-focused testing venues; male-only counselors; developing counseling models that are flexible and responsive to men; and strategies for adhering to clinic visits without missing work and navigating the health care system. By thoughtfully combining male-focused mobilization, testing and addressing some of the barriers to male engagement with health facilities, this study hopes to add to the growing evidence based about how to reach, test, link and maintain a hard to reach group such as men in HIV treatment and care services.
ARABIDOPSIS POLLEN ABORTION MUTANT 2, Encoding an Unknown Protein with Three WD40-Repeats, Is Essential for Late Pollen Mature in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ma Zhaoxia , Zhang Xueqin , Chen Liqun , Zhang Guobin , Liu Yue , Ye De , Yang Hongyu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background In flowering plants, pollen formation is a very complex process. It is strictly regulated by various genetic factors. Some of these factors have been identified, but the regulatory mechanism concerning the process of late pollen maturing remains unknown.Results Previously we identified and reported an ARABIDOPSIS POLLEN ABORTION MUTANT 2 (APAM2) gene which was required for pollen formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we further analysed the phenotype of atapam2 and the expression pattern of AtAPAM2. Mutation in AtAPAM2 drastically affected male gametophytic function, impacted the late pollen mature process, and resulted in mature pollen grains from atapam2/+ plants being shrivelled and dead. It was expressed among seedlings, roots, stems, leaves, siliques, flowers, and pollen grains. However, its expression levels in flowers and pollen grains were much higher than in other tissues. AtAPAM2 encodes an unknown protein with three WD40-repeats with localisation in plasma membrane and nucleus, and homologous proteins exist in many species.Conclusions We determined that AtAPAM2 may play a role in pollen formation and other development processes by interacting with other proteins, but we did not identify the protein that interacts with it.
Early intervention for children at risk of visual processing dysfunctions from 1 year of age: a Randomized Controlled Trial protocol
Authors: Kooiker Marlou , Linden Yoni van der , Dijk Jenneke van , Zee Ymie J van der , Swarte Renate MC , Smit Liesbeth S , Steen-Kant Sanny van der , Loudon Sjoukje E , Reiss Irwin KM , Kuyper Kees , Pel Johan JM , Steen Johannes van der 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
An increasing amount of children suffer from brain damage-related visual processing dysfunctions (VPD). At present, there is a lack of evidence-based intervention methods that can be used early in development. We developed a visual intervention protocol suitable from 1 year of age. The protocol is structured, comprehensive and individually-adaptive and is paired with quantitative outcome assessments. Our aim is to investigate effectiveness of this first visual intervention program for young children with (a risk of) VPD.
Methods
We conduct a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial that is embedded within standard clinical care. The study population consists of 100 children born very or extremely preterm (<30 weeks) of 1 year of corrected age (CA), of whom 50% are expected to have VPD. First, children undergo a visual screening at 1 year CA. If they are classified as being at risk of VPD, they are referred to standard care: an ophthalmic and visual function assessment and a (newly developed) visual intervention program. This program consist of a general protocol (standardized and similar for all children) and a supplement protocol (adapted to specific needs of the child).. Children are randomly allocated to an intervention group (starting upon inclusion at 1 year CA), or a control group (postponed: starting at 2 years CA). The control group will receive a placebo treatment. The effectiveness of early visual intervention will be examined with follow-up visual and neurocognitive assessments after 1 year (upon completion of the direct intervention) and after 2 years (upon completion of the postponed intervention).
Discussion
Through this RCT we will establish the effectiveness of a new and early visual intervention program. Combining a general and supplement protocol enables both structured comparisons between participants and groups, and custom habilitation that is tailored to the children’s specific needs. The design ensures that all included children will benefit from participation by advancing the age at which they start receiving an intervention. We expect results to be applicable to the overall population of children with (a risk of) VPD early in life.
Efficacy of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide in combination with amiloride in multiple doses on blood pressure in patients with primary hypertension: a protocol for a factorial randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Martins Vitor Magnus , Helal Lucas , Ferrari Filipe , Bottino Leonardo Grabinski , Fuchs Sandra Costa , Fuchs Flavio Danni 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Thiazide diuretics have demonstrated favorable blood pressure lowering efficacy, but it is still unclear what are the equivalence of doses of their more common agents, chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide. Further, there exist concerns regarding adverse metabolic effects which may be attenuated with the concomitant administration of a potassium-sparing diuretic, such as amiloride. This trial aims to investigate the efficacy of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide, in combination with amiloride in different doses, for the initial management in patients with primary hypertension.

Methods
This is a factorial (2x2) randomized double-blinded clinical trial comparing the association of a thiazide diuretic (chlorthalidone 25 mg/day or hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/day) with a potassium-sparing diuretic (amiloride 10 mg/day or amiloride 20 mg/day) in patients with primary hypertension. The primary outcome will be the mean change from baseline in 24-h systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The secondary outcomes will be the mean change from baseline in daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, mean change from baseline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured by office blood pressure, incidence of adverse events, variation of laboratory parameters and proportion of patients who achieved blood pressure control. The follow-up will last 12 weeks. For a P alpha of 0.05, power of 80%, and standard deviation of 9 mmHg, and absolute difference of 6 mmHg on systolic blood pressure on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, it will be necessary to study a total of 76 patients. The sample size will be increased by 10% to compensate losses, resulting in 84 patients being randomized.

Discussion
Diuretics are pivotal drugs for the treatment of hypertension. Chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide, in combination with amiloride in multiple doses, will be tested in terms of blood pressure lowering efficacy and safety. Since the intensity of blood pressure reduction is the major determinant of reduction in cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients, this study will help to determine which combination of diuretics represents the most appropriate treatment for this population.
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation and nuclease activity in septic patients
Authors: Cox Linda , Walstein Kai , Völlger Lena , Reuner Friederike , Bick Alexandra , Dötsch Annika , Engler Andrea , Peters Jürgen , von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren , Schäfer Simon T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: There is little knowledge, whether in patients with sepsis neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and NET degrading nuclease activity are altered. Thus, we tested the hypotheses that 1) NET formation from neutrophils of septic patients is increased compared to healthy volunteers, both without stimulation and following incubation with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a damage-associated molecular pattern, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; positive control); and 2) serum nuclease activities are increased as well. Methods: We included 18 septic patients and 27 volunteers in this prospective observational trial while study was registered retrospectively. Blood was withdrawn and NET formation from neutrophils in vitro was quantified (average percentage of neutrophils showing NET formation on an image) without stimulation and following incubation with mtDNA (10µg/well) or PMA (25nmol). Serum nuclease activity was assessed using gel electrophoresis. Results: In contrast to our hypothesis, compared to healthy volunteers unstimulated NET release from neutrophils in septic patients was decreased by 46.3% (4.3%±1.8 SD vs. 8.2%±2.9, p≤0.0001) and 48.1% (4.9%±2.5 vs. 9.4%±5.2, p=0.002) after 2 and 4 hours of incubation. mtDNA further decreased NET formation in neutrophils from septic patients (4.7%±1.2 to 2.8%±0,8; p=0.03) but did not alter NET formation in neutrophils from volun-teers. As expected, PMA, as positive control, increased NET formation to 73.2% (±29.6) in septic patients and to 91.7% (±7.1) in volunteers after 4 hours of incubation (p=0.22). Serum nuclease activity (range: 0-6) was decreased in septic patients by 39.6% (3±2 vs 5±0; median and ICR, p=0.0001) compared to volunteers. Conclusions: Unstimulated NET formation and nuclease activity are decreased in septic patients and mtDNA can further reduce NET formation. Thus, neutrophils from septic patients show decreased NET formation in vitro despite diminished nuclease activity in vivo. Trail registration DRKS00007694, German Clinical Trials database (DRKS). Registered retrospectively 06.02.2015.