bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birds of a Feather? Magellan/IMACS Spectroscopy of the Ultra-faint Satellites Grus II, Tucana IV, and Tucana V*
Authors: Simon J. D. , Li T. S. , Erkal D. , Pace A. B. , Drlica-Wagner A. , James D. J. , Marshall J. L. , Bechtol K. , Hansen T. , Kuehn K. , Lidman C. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Avila S. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Carrasco Kind M. , Carretero J. , da Costa L. N. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Doel P. , Eifler T. F. , Everett S. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , Krause E. , Kuropatkin N. , MacCrann N. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Miquel R. , Palmese A. , Paz-Chinchón F. , Plazas A. A. , Reil K. , Roodman A. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Serrano S. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , Walker A. R. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present Magellan/IMACS spectroscopy of three recently discovered ultra-faint Milky Way satellites, Grus II, Tucana IV, and Tucana V. We measure systemic velocities of

,

, and

for the three objects, respectively. Their large relative velocities demonstrate that the satellites are unrelated despite their close physical proximity. We determine a velocity dispersion for Tuc IV of

, but we cannot resolve the velocity dispersions of the other two systems. For Gru II, we place an upper limit (90% confidence) on the dispersion of σ < 1.9

, and for Tuc V, we do not obtain any useful limits. All three satellites have metallicities below

, but none has a detectable metallicity spread. We determine proper motions for each satellite based on Gaia astrometry and compute their orbits around the Milky Way. Gru II is on a tightly bound orbit with a pericenter of

kpc and orbital eccentricity of

. Tuc V likely has an apocenter beyond 100 kpc and could be approaching the Milky Way for the first time. The current orbit of Tuc IV is similar to that of Gru II, with a pericenter of

kpc and an eccentricity of

. However, a backward integration of the position of Tuc IV demonstrates that it collided with the Large Magellanic Cloud at an impact parameter of 4 kpc ∼120 Myr ago, deflecting its trajectory and possibly altering its internal kinematics. Based on their sizes, masses, and metallicities, we classify Gru II and Tuc IV as likely dwarf galaxies, but the nature of Tuc V remains uncertain.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation and Arthroscopic Resection of Localized Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Knee
Authors: Muscolo D Luis , Makino Arturo , Costa-Paz Matías , Ayerza Miguel 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of localized pigmented villonodular synovitis is clinically difficult, and plain radiographs are usually normal. This article presents five patients with localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Symptoms suggested a meniscal lesion in three patients and a loose body in two. Magnetic resonance imaging performed prior to arthroscopic resection revealed a preoperative diagnosis of a tumor in all five patients. Magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable clinical tool for the assessment of intra-articular soft-tissue tumors of the knee that may otherwise be misdiagnosed.
Le rôle du château dans les dynamiques de peuplement : une place à revoir ? L’exemple de la Haute-Bretagne (xie-xive siècle)
Authors: Bachelier Julien 
Published: April 2020

À l’ombre du château… on trouve régulièrement cette expression pour résumer le regroupement d’une partie de la population au sein d’une agglomération. En écho on parle de ville castrale ou de bourg castral confortant ainsi l’idée que le château a généré la congregatio hominum. Si dans plusieurs régions françaises, historiens et archéologues ont largement revu le modèle de l’incastellamento, ce dernier reste prégnant en Bretagne. Aussi, à partir de l’exemple de la Haute-Bretagne et principalement à l’aide des sources écrites, nous revenons sur le développement des châteaux à partir du xie siècle afin de saisir les différentes scansions de ce mouvement. L’exemple de Vitré permet ensuite de saisir comment un modèle de « ville castrale » s’est mis en place et comment il peut être en partie revu grâce à une relecture des textes et leur association à l’archéologie et à l’approche morphologique. Dès lors la place des châteaux dans la naissance d’un nouveau réseau d’agglomérations mérite d’être nuancée. Il existait d’autres dynamiques, parfois négligées par les chercheurs bretons, en particulier autour des lieux de culte.
« Faire le métier de pirate » dans les Antilles, l’exemple de Thomas Dulain (1728-1729)
Authors: Porcher Kevin 
Published: April 2020

La décennie qui suit le traité d’Utrecht (1713) est marquée par une recrudescence des actes de piraterie dans la mer des Antilles, et plus globalement dans l’espace atlantique (côtes américaines, Terre-Neuve et côtes africaines). En raison d’une documentation abondante, les pirates britanniques de cet « âge d’or » de la piraterie ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études mais les pirates français, quant à eux, sont beaucoup moins connus. Particulièrement bien éclairée par les sources (correspondances et rapports des officiers coloniaux, rapports de navigation…), la carrière très détaillée du forban Thomas Dulain s’inscrit dans le contexte socio-économique des Îles du Vent (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Grenade) et se révèle représentative des pratiques habituelles des pirates dans la mer des Antilles.
De invloed van bedreigingen op de gemeentelijke besluitvorming
Authors: Marijnissen Diana , Kolthoff Emile 
Published: April 2020

The influence of threats on the process and the outcome of local decision-making
This contribution reports on a delimited part of a larger, exploratory study, the main question of which was: How do aldermen perceive threats, what are their behavioral intentions and what is the influence of threats on the process and the outcome of decision-making? This question was answered with the help of Q methodology, semi structured interviews and case studies. This article discusses the results of the case studies and semi structured interviews on the impact of threats on decision-making. In two of the investigated cases (N=3) there are indications that the threats affect the decision-making process. The first case involves risk-avoiding behavior. In the second case there is a stronger conviction and hardening of opinions. There are no indications that threats affect the outcome of the decision-making process. The political administrative system that we have in the Netherlands is able to counteract improper influence. This is due to various elements in the system such as the boldness and the results-focused attitude of civil service (case 1) and the mayor and aldermen (case 2 and 3) and the design of the rules and procedures (case 1, 2 and 3).
Atendimento educacional em ambiente hospitalar: estruturação, funcionamento e políticas implementadas
Authors: Medeiros Jucélia Linhares Granemann de 
Published: April 2020

Segundo diversos estudos, situações de hospitalizações e/ou de tratamento de saúde podem comprometer o processo de aprendizagem, desenvolvimento e escolarização de crianças e adolescentes. Portanto, uma atenção especializada deve ser oferecida a essa clientela. Os atendimentos educacionais em ambientes hospitalares, anteriormente denominados de classes hospitalares, são uma alternativa para tentar minimizar tais efeitos. No intuito de retratar relações estabelecidas, dinâmicas desse processo, interferências, funcionamento, estruturação e políticas implementadas, é que foi elaborado este artigo. No Brasil, embora já houvesse alguns atendimentos voltados a esse fim, o Ministério da Educação (MEC), oficialmente, os criou em 1994, por meio da Política Nacional de Educação Especial. Sucessivamente, novas legislações foram surgindo no âmbito federal, estadual e municipal, regulamentando e normatizando a política de educação em ambiente hospitalar. Assim, as secretarias estaduais e municipais de educação passaram a implementar, acompanhar e supervisionar todo o trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido nos hospitais. Nesse atendimento, os professores responsáveis elaboraram planos de ensino (atividades acadêmicas e recreativas) destinados a alunos oriundos da Educação Infantil, do Ensino Fundamental e Médio, levando em conta suas condições físicas, psicológicas, sociais e educacionais, sempre com a colaboração e a participação das equipes multidisciplinares de saúde. Em paralelo, esses profissionais devem fazer intercâmbios diretos com as escolas, objetivando dar continuidade ao processo escolar, antes nelas efetivado, conhecendo toda a trajetória acadêmica e de aprendizagem desses alunos.
Rock sponges (lithistid Demospongiae) of the Northeast Atlantic seamounts, with description of ten new species
Authors: Carvalho Francisca C. , Cárdenas Paco , Ríos Pilar , Cristobo Javier , Rapp Hans Tore , Xavier Joana R. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundLithistid demosponges, also known as rock sponges, are a polyphyletic group of sponges which are widely distributed. In the Northeast Atlantic (NEA), 17 species are known and the current knowledge on their distribution is mainly restricted to the Macaronesian islands. In the Mediterranean Sea, 14 species are recorded and generally found in marine caves.MethodsLithistids were sampled in nine NEA seamounts during the scientific expeditionsSeamount 1(1987) andSeamount 2(1993) organized by the MNHN of Paris. Collected specimens were identified through the analyses of external and internal morphological characters using light and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with material from various museum collections as well as literature records.ResultsA total of 68 specimens were analysed and attributed to 17 species across two orders, seven families, and seven genera, representing new records of distribution. Ten of these species are new to science, viz.Neoschrammeniella inaequalissp. nov.,N. piseraisp. nov.,N. pomponiaesp. nov.,Discodermia arborsp. nov.,D. kellyaesp. nov.,Macandrewia schusteraesp. nov.,M. minimasp. nov.,Exsuperantia leviisp. nov.,Leiodermatium tubasp. nov. andSiphonidium elongatussp. nov., and are here described and illustrated. New bathymetric records were also found forD. ramifera,D. verrucosaandM. robusta. The Meteor seamount group has a higher species richness (15 species) compared to the Lusitanian seamount group (six species). The majority of the species had their distribution restricted to one seamount, and ten are only known from a single locality, but this can be a result of sample bias.DiscussionThe number of species shared between the seamounts and the Macaronesian islands is very reduced. The same pattern repeats between the NEA and Mediterranean Sea. This study demonstrates that NEA seamounts are ecosystems with a higher diversity of lithistids than previously thought, increasing the number of lithistids known to occur in the NEA and Mediterranean Sea from 26 to 36 species.
Effects of Extracting Solvents on the Physicochemical Properties of Alchornea cordiforlia, Hura crepitans, Irvingia gabonensis and Pycnanthus angollensis Oils
Authors: Akpe Michael Akomaye , Inezi Faith Patrick 
Published: April 2020

Aims and Objectives: To determine the effect of extracting solvents on the physicochemical properties of oils extracted from four locally available plant seeds in Nigeria namely: Alchornea cordiforlia, Hura crepitans, Irvingia gabonensis and Pycnanthus angollensis using three different solvents namely; n-Hexane, Petroleum ether and Dichloromethane.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry Laboratory, University of Calabar, Nigeria. The study was carried out between August 2019 and December 2019, (5 months).
Methodology: Each plant seed was ground into a paste and extracted for its oil using a Soxhlet extractor and three different solvents namely; n-Hexane, Petroleum ether and Dichloromethane. The physicochemical properties of the oils were then analysed.
Results: The results revealed the mean values of the physicochemical properties of A. cordifolia oil extracted using Hexane, Petroleum ether and Dichloromethane respectively were % yield (36.50, 34.50 and 32.00), specific gravity (0.91, 0.91 and 0.92), flash point (156.00, 155.00 and 191.00°C), Acid value (23.76, 25.10 and 26.80 mEqk-1), % free fatty acid (11.88, 12.55 and 13.40), Peroxide value (6.56, 6.38 and 6.90 mEqK-1), Saponification value (163.20, 156.40 and 165.50 mgKOHg-1) and iodine value (25.40, 48.60 and 46.50 g/100 g). The mean values of the properties of H. crepitans oil across the 3 solvents respectively were % yield (32.20, 31.50 and 29.00), specific gravity (0.92, 0.93 and 0.94), flash point (271.00, 259.00 and 240.00°C), Acid value (21.00, 21.80 and 22.20 mEqk-1), % free fatty acid (10.50, 10.90 and 11.10), Peroxide value (5.85, 6.26 and 7.10 mEqK-1), Saponification value (172.50, 190.40 and 185.60 mgKOHg-1) and Iodine value (43.60, 34.50 and 26.90 g/100 g). Properties of the I. gabonensis oil were % yield (33.20, 34.00 and 32.50), Specific gravity (0.92, 0.94 and 0.94), flash point (230.00, 236.00 and 260.00°C), Acid value (3.72, 3.70 and 3.90 mEqk-1), % free fatty acid (1.86, 1.85 and 1.95), Peroxide value (2.98, 4.26 and 3.63), Saponification value (239.50, 252.40 and 245.80) and Iodine value (25.30, 11.70 and 44.20). Mean values of P. angollensis oil properties were % yield (34.10, 36.20 and 33.00), Specific gravity (0.92, 0.92 and 0.93), flash point (260.00, 258.00 and 256.00°C), Acid value (23.68, 25.00 and 26.00 mEqk-1), % free fatty acid (11.84, 12.50 and 13.00), Peroxide value (4.25, 5.30 and 5.96), Saponification value (25.30, 52.50 and 57.30) and Iodine value (25.20, 11.68 and 44.40). The odour, colour and physical state of all the oils at room temperature was the same across the 3 solvents.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the physicochemical properties of the oils vary with the extracting solvent and its polarity. Their properties revealed that some of them can be used for many domestic and industrial purposes especially for the making of paints, soap, cosmetics, lubricants and varnishes.
Centrosome amplification is a frequent event in circulating tumor cells from subjects with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Singh Ashok , Denu Ryan A. , Wolfe Serena K. , Sperger Jamie M. , Schehr Jennifer , Witkowsky Tessa , Esbona Karla , Chappell Richard J. , Weaver Beth A. , Burkard Mark E. , Lang Joshua M. 
Published: April 2020

Centrosome amplification (CA) is a common phenomenon in cancer, promotes genomic stability and cancer evolution, and has been reported to promote metastasis. CA promotes a stochastic gain/loss of chromosomes during cell division, known as chromosomal instability (CIN). However, it is unclear whether CA is present in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the seeds for metastasis. Here, we surveyed CA in CTCs from human subjects with metastatic breast cancer. CTCs were captured by CD45 exclusion and selection of EpCAM‐positive cells using an exclusion‐based sample preparation technology platform known as VERSA (versatile exclusion‐based rare sample analysis). Centriole amplification (centrin foci> 4) is the definitive assay for CA. However, determination of centrin foci is technically challenging and incompatible with automated analysis. To test if the more technically accessible centrosome marker pericentrin could serve as a surrogate for centriole amplification in CTCs, cells were stained with pericentrin and centrin antibodies to evaluate CA. This assay was first validated using breast cancer cell lines and a nontransformed epithelial cell line model of inducible CA, then translated to CTCs. Pericentrin area and pericentrin area x intensity correlate well with centrin foci, validating pericentrin as a surrogate marker of CA. CA is found in CTCs from 75% of subjects, with variability in the percentage and extent of CA in individual circulating cells in a given subject, similar to the variability previously seen in primary tumors and cell lines. In summary, we created, validated, and implemented a novel method to assess CA in CTCs from subjects with metastatic breast cancer. Such an assay will be useful for longitudinal monitoring of CA in cancer patients and in prospective clinical trials for assessing the impact of CA on response to therapy.
Bypassing the Immunosuppression of Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells by Reversing Tumor Hypoxia Using a Platelet‐Inspired Platform
Authors: Zhang Chao , Xia Donglin , Liu Jiahao , Huo Da , Jiang Xiqun , Hu Yong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are garnering increasing attention given their role in tumor development. Herein, a nano‐enabled strategy is demonstrated for the eradication of tumor‐infiltrated MDSCs by reversing hypoxia. Oxygen‐independent photodynamic bismuth tungstate nanoparticles (Bi2WO6 NPs) are loaded into reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive platelet membranes (PMs) to form a hybrid (PM‐BiW NPs). P‐Selectin on PMs endows PM‐BiW NPs with selectivity toward cancer cells. Once in the tumor, laser illumination stimulates the Bi2WO6 NPs photothermally and photodynamically, which produces enormous quantities of hydroxyl radicals. These hydroxyl radicals help rupture the PM and mitigate hypoxia with the assistance of ionizing radiation. This effectively remodels the tumor microenvironment toward one disfavoring the recruitment of MDSCs and contributes to better prognosis. To better understand the mechanism, the expression levels of a set of markers are monitored. It is found that the downregulations of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2, and adenosine‐5‐phosphoricacid are behind the blocked infiltration of MDSCs. This platform strategy offers a promising approach to overcome the immunosuppression caused by MDSCs through a trimodal therapy integrating the power of photothermal and photodynamic therapy in addition to radiation therapy.
High ZT 2D Thermoelectrics by Design: Strong Interlayer Vibration and Complete Band‐Extrema Alignment
Authors: Zhang Xiwen , Liu Chenhan , Tao Yi , Li Yunhai , Guo Yilv , Chen Yunfei , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Wang Jinlan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe discovery of a record high figure of merit (ZT) of ≈2.6 associated with bulk SnSe has stimulated considerable enthusiasm in searching for 2D systems with similar high ZT. However, previously reported 2D thermoelectric (TE) materials generally possess very low ZT due to the high lattice thermal conductivity (κL) and/or small power factor (PF). Herein, a very high ZT (≈2.08) value associated with atomically thin 2D KAgSe nanosheet is reported, which also exhibits an unprecedented low intrinsic κL (≈0.03 Wm−1 K−1 at 700 K for trilayer) and fairly large PF. The low κL mainly stems from the high lattice anharmonicity induced by both the “interfacial shear slip” vibrations and the asymmetric “AgSe pair” vibrations from distorted AgSe4 tetrahedrons. Meanwhile, the complete band‐extrema alignment and coexistence of heavy and light bands result in an optimal Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity, thereby a large PF. This work suggests not only an alternative way to acquiring high lattice anharmonicity but also a highly competitive 2D TE candidate for wide applications.
Structure Design Reveals the Role of Au for ORR Catalytic Performance Optimization in PtCo‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Guo Li‐Ming , Zhang Dong‐Feng , Guo Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAu‐incorporation is a promising strategy to retard composition‐loss in Pt‐based catalyst. However, the unclear mechanism limits guided catalyst design and the performance optimization. Here, direct evidence is provided to validate the outward diffusion of Au atoms in Au‐core/Pt‐based‐shell structures. A Co interlayer is built between the Au‐core and PtCo‐based shell to exclude the possibility of atomic diffusion caused by interfacial alloying. In conjunction with the improved catalytic durability of the Au‐core@Pt‐based‐shell structure, it is reasonable to conclude that it is the subsurface segregated Au atoms rather than interfacial interaction that boosts the catalytic durability of Au‐core/Pt‐based‐shell structured catalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction. More importantly, by constructing Au‐core@Co‐interlayer@PtCoAu‐shell multilayer structure, the specific (1.730 mA cm−2) and mass (0.692 A mg−1Pt) activities are enhanced 7‐ and 4‐ fold relative to the commercial Pt/C. After 10 000 cycles of accelerated durability test, the mass activity loss for the multilayered catalyst is as low as 6.14% while the loss exceeds 35% for the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The improved catalytic performance of the Au@Co@PtCoAu multilayer structure can be ascribed to the finely modulated electronic structure and the compensated composition loss owing to the delicate structure and composition profile design.
Geometrically Structured Nanomaterials for Nanosensors, NEMS, and Nanosieves
Authors: Seo Min‐Ho , Yoo Jae‐Young , Jo Min‐Seung , Yoon Jun‐Bo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, geometrically structured nanomaterials have received great attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which originate from the geometric variation in such materials. Indeed, the use of various geometrically structured nanomaterials has been actively reported in enhanced‐performance devices in a wide range of applications. Recent significant progress in the development of geometrically structured nanomaterials and associated devices is summarized. First, a brief introduction of advanced nanofabrication methods that enable the fabrication of various geometrically structured nanomaterials is given, and then the performance enhancements achieved in devices utilizing these nanomaterials, namely, i) physical and gas nanosensors, ii) nanoelectromechanical devices, and iii) nanosieves are described. For the device applications, a systematic summary of their structures, working mechanisms, fabrication methods, and output performance is provided. Particular focus is given to how device performance can be enhanced through the geometric structures of the nanomaterials. Finally, perspectives on the development of novel nanomaterial structures and associated devices are presented.
Hard Carbon Nanosheets with Uniform Ultramicropores and Accessible Functional Groups Showing High Realistic Capacity and Superior Rate Performance for Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Xia Ji‐Li , Yan Dong , Guo Li‐Ping , Dong Xiao‐Ling , Li Wen‐Cui , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHard carbon attracts considerable attention as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries; however, their poor rate capability and low realistic capacity have motivated intense research effort toward exploiting nanostructured carbons in order to boost their comprehensive performance. Ultramicropores are considered essential for attaining high‐rate capacity as well as initial Coulombic efficiency by allowing the rapid diffusion of Na+ and inhibiting the contact of the electrolyte with the inner carbon surfaces. Herein, hard carbon nanosheets with centralized ultramicropores (≈0.5 nm) and easily accessible carbonyl groups (CO)/hydroxy groups (OH) are synthesized via interfacial assembly and carbonization strategies, delivering a large capacity (318 mA h g−1 at 0.02 A g−1), superior rate capability (145 mA h g−1 at 5.00 A g−1), and approximately 95% of reversible capacity below 1.00 V. Notably, a new charge model favoring fast capacitive sodium storage with dual potential plateaus is proposed. That is, the deintercalation of Na+ from graphitic layers is manifested as the low‐potential plateau region (0.01−0.10 V), contributing to stable insertion capacity; meanwhile, the surface desodiation process of the CO and OH groups corresponds to the high‐potential plateau region (0.40−0.70 V), contributing to a fast capacitive storage.