bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN KETAPANG (TERMINALIA CATTAPA) DAN RAGI TERHADAP PREVALENSI DAN INTENSITAS EKTOPARASIT PADA IKAN KARPER (CYPRINUS CARPIO)
Authors: Setyowati Dewi NurÃ¢â¬â¢aeni , Puji Astuti Ni Kadek 
Published: April 2020

Abstrak: Ikan karper merupakan ikan yang penting dalam memberi kontribusi terhadap akuakultur dunia. Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya ikan karper adalah penyakit Tanaman ketapang merupakan tanaman yang dapat berfungsi untuk medis. Penggunaan ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae dapat meningkatkan sistem imun. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun ketapang (Terminalia cattapa) dan ragi terhadap prevalensi dan intensitas ektoparasit pada ikan karper (Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu, P1 : daun ketapang 1,2 g/L; P2 : daun ketapang 1,2 g/L + 2,75 g ragi dalam 16 L air; P3 : daun ketapang 1,2 g/L + 5,5 g ragi dalam 16 L air; dan P4 : daun ketapang 1,2 g/lÃÂ + 11 g ragi dalam 16 L air. Data penelitian dianalisa dengan menggunakan analisa sidik ragam dan analisa regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ragi dan bubuk daun ketapang tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap prevalensi dan intensitas ektoparasit pada ikan karper. Berdasar hasil analisa regresi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bubuk daun ketapang dan ragi mampu meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup ikan karper.ÃÂ Kata kunci: ikan karper, ketapang, ragi, ektoparasitAbstract: Carp is an important fish in contributing to world culture. One of the obstacles in carp cultivation is the disease. Cattapa plants can function for medical purposes. The use of yeast can improve the immune system. The study aimed to determine the effect of cattapa leaf extract (Terminalia cattapa) and yeast on the prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in carp (Cyprinus carpio). The study used an experimental method with 4 treatments, namely, P1: cattapa leaves 1.2 g / L; P2: cattapa leaves 1.2 g / L + 2.75 g yeast in 16 L water; P3: cattapa leaves 1.2 g / L + 5.5 g yeast in 16 L water; and P4: cattapa leaves 1.2 g / l + 11 g of yeast in 16 L of water. The research data was analyzed using variance analysis and linear regression analysis. The results showed that the addition of yeast and leaf powder of cattapa had no effect on the prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in carp. Based on the results of the regression analysis, it was found that the filling of cattapa and yeast leaf powder was able to increase the survival of carp.Keywords: carp, cattapa, yeast, ectoparasite
Study Protocol — Insight 46 Cardiovascular: A Sub-study of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development
Authors: Mason Sarah Ann , Al Saikhan Lamia , Jones Siana , Bale Gemma , James Sarah-Naomi , Murray-Smith Heidi , Rapala Alicja , Williams Suzanne , Wong Brian , Richards Marcus , Fox Nick C. , Hardy Rebecca , Schott Jonathan M. , Chaturvedi Nish , Hughes Alun D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe commonest causes of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive impairment. Although these conditions have been viewed as distinct entities, there is increasing evidence that neurodegenerative and vascular pathologies interact or overlap to cause cognitive decline, and that at least in some cases individuals at risk of cognitive decline exhibit abnormal cardiovascular physiology long before emergence of disease. However, the mechanisms linking haemodynamic disturbances with cognitive impairment and the various pathologies that cause dementia are poorly understood. A sub-sample of 502 participants from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) have participated in the first visit of a neuroscience sub-study referred to as Insight 46, where clinical, cognitive, imaging, and lifestyle data have been collected for the purpose of elucidating the pathological changes preceding dementia. This paper outlines the cardiovascular phenotyping performed in the follow-up visit of Insight 46, with the study participants now aged 74. In addition to standard cardiovascular assessments such as blood pressure measurements, echocardiography, and electrocardiography (ECG), functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been included to provide an assessment of cerebrovascular function. A detailed description of the fNIRS protocol along with preliminary results from pilot data is presented. The combination of lifestyle data, brain structure/function, cognitive performance, and cardiovascular health obtained not only from Insight 46, but also from the whole NSHD provides an exciting opportunity to advance our understanding of the cardiovascular mechanisms underlying dementia and cognitive decline, and identify novel targets for intervention.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Karakter Kerjasama Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Wulandari Afrenia , Suparno Suparno 
Published: April 2020

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh model problem based learning terhadap kemampuan karakter kerjasama anak usia dini. Hal ini dilakukan agar guru memiliki pandangan model pembelajaran yang tepat untuk menstimulasi karakter kerjasama pada anak di sekolah. Pendidikan karakter sebaiknya dilakukan sejak anak usia dini karena usia ini merupakan masa keemasan (golden age) sehingga harus dimanfaatkan untuk mengoptimalkan pembentukan, pengarahan dan pembinaan karakter kerjasama pada anak usia dini di taman kanak kanak. Adapun unsur kerjasama seperti adanya interaksi, ketergantungan positif, tanggung jawab perorangan dan sikap saling menghargai. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi. Desain penelitian pra eksperimental dengan satu kelompok eksperimen menggunakan pretest dan posttest. Dengan subjek penelitian (n=42) anak kelompok B TK Pertiwi Taji di Kecamatan Prambanan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada kemampuan kerjasama anak yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbasis masalah atau Problem Based Learning pada kelas eksperimen.
Giant Intracerebral Hydatid Cyst in a Boy
Authors: Thapa Ashish Jung , Tandon Asheesh , Agrawal Alok 
Published: April 2020

Giant intra-cerebral hydatid cysts are an extremely rare condition caused by the infestation of larvae of Taenia echinococcus (TE). Humans are infected through the feco-oral route by the ingestion of food and milk, contaminated by dog feces containing the ova of parasite or direct contact with dogs. We report a case of a seventeen-year-old boy with giant right temporo-parieto-occipital hydatid cysts (HC).
Giant intracerebral hydatid cysts being rare and can at times lead to death, so surgical excision with preoperative consideration and intraoperative rupture prevention is the best management for a better prognosis.
Standard Operating Protocol: Operating on COVID-19 patients
Authors: Thapa Amit , Sharma Krishna , Shrestha Prabin 
Published: April 2020

Due to lack of scientific evidence, guidelines cannot be formulated. Hence this protocol would serve as STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) for performing neurosurgical procedures on COVID-19 suspect, probable or positive cases. This SOP is based on recommendations from various societies and experiences of the hospitals involved in care of patients with COVID-19. As the status of COVID-19 in Nepal change along with refinement in knowledge of the disease and its management, SOP would be updated. Objective is to “Serve with caution”.
Nepal is presently in phase 2 of Global COVID-19 p The doubling time for active infections is shortening over the last two weeks (Figure 1). The healthcare facilities have to gear up and prepare to face the worst with the most efficient use of available resources. Neurosurgical emergencies may arise in COVID-19 patients (suspect or probable or positive) who are being managed in isolated wards or ICU. Such patients cannot be operated in routine operating rooms nor kept in routine ICU, as they pose threat of transmission of infection to other patients and health care workers (HCW). COVID-19 patients undergoing aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) pose higher risk of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Special isolation precautions should be adopted by all health care workers (HCW) with specific protocols to stay safe as well as manage the case efficiently.
Від пацифіста до комбатанта: трансформація свідомості героя в умовах війни (за романом «Віхола» Ю. Мушкетика)
Authors: Dubrovskiy Roman 
Published: April 2020

У статті представлене дослідження художньої репрезентації зміни життєвих пріоритетів мирної людини в умовах війни. Зроблено акцент на внутрішніх та зовнішніх компонентах такої трансформації. На прикладі роману «Віхола» Ю. Мушкетика розкрито художні особливості візуалізації різних типів образу війни. Здійснено узагальнення щодо моделей поведінки мирної людини в незвичному для неї «мілітарному» часопросторі. Охарактеризовано внутрішні ланки сюжетного каркасу твору з позиції розвитку характерів персонажів. Через конкретні приклади показано та уточнено прогностичний, синхронний і ретроспективний образи війни. Також виділено художні маркери репрезентації різних етапів становлення людини-комбатанта. Простежено особливості художнього вираження різних моделей її поведінки та етапів їх становлення. На основі аналізу тексту роману зроблено висновок про письменницьку майстерність автора, виражену на різних рівнях творення прозописьма (від уміння чуттєво передати деталізований психологічний портрет, створити психологічно насичені філософські відступи до здатності візуалізувати перехід від «мирного» до «мілітарного» типу свідомості через безпосередній опис екстремальних ситуацій тощо).
Павло Загребельний у призмі шістдесятницької критики
Authors: Rarytskyi Oleh 
Published: April 2020

У статті здійснюється спроба крізь призму художньо-документальної прози українських шістдесятників увиразнити творчий профіль П. Загребельного у контексті тоталітарної доби. Пропонується побіжний огляд доробку письменника, що його запропонували шістдесятники, насамперед у власному епістолярії та мемуаротворчості. Йдеться про дискретні вкраплення у нефікційній прозі шістдесятників елементів літературно-критичної творчості.
The Ruqyah Syar’iyyah Verses As A Breast Cancer Therapy: A Preliminary Evaluation On Breast Cancer Cell Line(MCF-7)
Authors: Syed Bidin Sharifah Norshah Bani , S.A.Alqodsi Ahmed , Wan Taib Wan Rohani 
Published: April 2020

One of the method in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is Ruqyah Syar’iyyah by reciting Quranic verses in the treatment. As the Holy Quran is the eternal miracle which challenged the worlds and effects all creatures in general, this study is aimed to disclose the effects of reciting Ruqyah Shar’iyyah as a treatment by evaluating the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. The spiritual treatment was shown to improve the quality of life that give better impacts to emotion and physical as well as increase immunity. This study applied the experimental method where MCF-7 cells were divided into two groups; the control and the treatment group. During the treatment sessions, a compilation of several quranic verses were recited by using the speakers. The study demonstrated that the cell proliferation percentage of the treatment group for both treatment periods (12 and 24 hour) decreased compared to the control group. This empirical study proved the miracolous effects of Holy Quran on breast cancer cell lines. The study suggest the longer treatment times and repeated treatments would provide significant results for a higher grade cancer cells such as MCF-7 used in this study.
Dissecting the default mode network: direct structural evidence on the morphology and axonal connectivity of the fifth component of the cingulum bundle
Authors: Skandalakis Georgios P. , Komaitis Spyridon , Kalyvas Aristotelis , Lani Evgenia , Kontrafouri Chrysoula , Drosos Evangelos , Liakos Faidon , Piagkou Maria , Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Golfinos John G. , Fountas Kostas N. , Kapsalaki Eftychia Z. , Hadjipanayis Constantinos G. , Stranjalis George , Koutsarnakis Christos 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE
Although a growing body of data support the functional connectivity between the precuneus and the medial temporal lobe during states of resting consciousness as well as during a diverse array of higher-order functions, direct structural evidence on this subcortical circuitry is scarce. Here, the authors investigate the very existence, anatomical consistency, morphology, and spatial relationships of the cingulum bundle V (CB-V), a fiber tract that has been reported to reside close to the inferior arm of the cingulum (CingI).

METHODS
Fifteen normal, formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres from adults were treated with Klingler’s method and subsequently investigated through the fiber microdissection technique in a medial to lateral direction.

RESULTS
A distinct group of fibers is invariably identified in the subcortical territory of the posteromedial cortex, connecting the precuneus and the medial temporal lobe. This tract follows the trajectory of the parietooccipital sulcus in a close spatial relationship with the CingI and the sledge runner fasciculus. It extends inferiorly to the parahippocampal place area and retrosplenial complex area, followed by a lateral curve to terminate toward the fusiform face area (Brodmann area [BA] 37) and lateral piriform area (BA35). Taking into account the aforementioned subcortical architecture, the CB-V allegedly participates as a major subcortical stream within the default mode network, possibly subserving the transfer of multimodal cues relevant to visuospatial, facial, and mnemonic information to the precuneal hub. Although robust clinical evidence on the functional role of this stream is lacking, the modern neurosurgeon should be aware of this tract when manipulating cerebral areas en route to lesions residing in or around the ventricular trigone.

CONCLUSIONS
Through the fiber microdissection technique, the authors were able to provide original, direct structural evidence on the existence, morphology, axonal connectivity, and correlative anatomy of what proved to be a discrete white matter pathway, previously described as the CB-V, connecting the precuneus and medial temporal lobe.
How safe are elective craniotomies in elderly patients in neurosurgery today? A prospective cohort study of 1452 consecutive cases
Authors: Schär Ralph T. , Tashi Shpend , Branca Mattia , Söll Nicole , Cipriani Debora , Schwarz Christa , Pollo Claudio , Schucht Philippe , Ulrich Christian T. , Beck Jürgen , Z’Graggen Werner J. , Raabe Andreas 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE
With global aging, elective craniotomies are increasingly being performed in elderly patients. There is a paucity of prospective studies evaluating the impact of these procedures on the geriatric population. The goal of this study was to assess the safety of elective craniotomies for elderly patients in modern neurosurgery.

METHODS
For this cohort study, adult patients, who underwent elective craniotomies between November 1, 2011, and October 31, 2018, were allocated to 3 age groups (group 1, < 65 years [n = 1008], group 2, ≥ 65 to < 75 [n = 315], and group 3, ≥ 75 [n = 129]). Primary outcome was the 30-day mortality after craniotomy. Secondary outcomes included rate of delayed extubation (> 1 hour), need for emergency head CT scan and reoperation within 48 hours after surgery, length of postoperative intensive or intermediate care unit stay, hospital length of stay (LOS), and rate of discharge to home. Adjustment for American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) class, estimated blood loss, and duration of surgery were analyzed as a comparison using multiple logistic regression. For significant differences a post hoc analysis was performed.

RESULTS
In total, 1452 patients (mean age 55.4 ± 14.7 years) were included. The overall mortality rate was 0.55% (n = 8), with no significant differences between groups (group 1: 0.5% [95% binominal CI 0.2%, 1.2%]; group 2: 0.3% [95% binominal CI 0.0%, 1.7%]; group 3: 1.6% [95% binominal CI 0.2%, 5.5%]). Deceased patients had a significantly higher ASA PS class (2.88 ± 0.35 vs 2.42 ± 0.62; difference 0.46 [95% CI 0.03, 0.89]; p = 0.036) and increased estimated blood loss (1444 ± 1973 ml vs 436 ± 545 ml [95% CI 618, 1398]; p <0.001). Significant differences were found in the rate of postoperative head CT scans (group 1: 6.65% [n = 67], group 2: 7.30% [n = 23], group 3: 15.50% [n = 20]; p = 0.006), LOS (group 1: median 5 days [IQR 4; 7 days], group 2: 5 days [IQR 4; 7 days], and group 3: 7 days [5; 9 days]; p = 0.001), and rate of discharge to home (group 1: 79.0% [n = 796], group 2: 72.0% [n = 227], and group 3: 44.2% [n = 57]; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Mortality following elective craniotomy was low in all age groups. Today, elective craniotomy for well-selected patients is safe, and for elderly patients, too. Elderly patients are more dependent on discharge to other hospitals and postacute care facilities after elective craniotomy.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01987648 (clinicaltrials.gov).
The impact of obesity on perioperative complications in patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Safaee Michael M. , Tenorio Alexander , Osorio Joseph A. , Choy Winward , Amara Dominic , Lai Lillian , Molinaro Annette M. , Zhang Yalan , Hu Serena S. , Tay Bobby , Burch Shane , Berven Sigurd H. , Deviren Vedat , Dhall Sanjay S. , Chou Dean , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Eichler Charles M. , Ames Christopher P. , Clark Aaron J. 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVEAnterior approaches to the lumbar spine provide wide exposure that facilitates placement of large grafts with high fusion rates. There are limited data on the effects of obesity on perioperative complications.METHODSData from consecutive patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) from 2007 to 2016 at a single academic center were analyzed. The primary outcome was any perioperative complication. Complications were divided into those occurring intraoperatively and those occurring postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association of obesity and other variables with these complications. An estimation table was used to identify a body mass index (BMI) threshold associated with increased risk of postoperative complication.RESULTSA total of 938 patients were identified, and the mean age was 57 years; 511 were females (54.5%). The mean BMI was 28.7 kg/m2, with 354 (37.7%) patients classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Forty patients (4.3%) underwent a lateral transthoracic approach, while the remaining 898 (95.7%) underwent a transabdominal retroperitoneal approach. Among patients undergoing transabdominal retroperitoneal ALIF, complication rates were higher for obese patients than for nonobese patients (37.0% vs 28.7%, p = 0.010), a difference that was driven primarily by postoperative complications (36.1% vs 26.0%, p = 0.001) rather than intraoperative complications (3.2% vs 4.3%, p = 0.416). Obese patients had higher rates of ileus (11.7% vs 7.2%, p = 0.020), wound complications (11.4% vs 3.4%, p < 0.001), and urinary tract infections (UTI) (5.0% vs 2.5%, p = 0.049). In a multivariate model, age, obesity, and number of ALIF levels fused were associated with an increased risk of postoperative complication. An estimation table including 19 candidate cut-points, odds ratios, and adjusted p values found a BMI ≥ 31 kg/m2 to have the highest association with postoperative complication (p = 0.012).CONCLUSIONSObesity is associated with increased postoperative complications in ALIF, including ileus, wound complications, and UTI. ALIF is a safe and effective procedure. However, patients with a BMI ≥ 31 kg/m2 should be counseled on their increased risks and warrant careful preoperative medical optimization and close monitoring in the postoperative setting.
TRANSFORMASI ADAPTASI BANGUNAN DI PERMUKIMAN INFORMAL TEPI SUNGAI KAHAYAN
Authors: Murti Nindita Kresna , Suprapti Atiek , Sardjono Agung Budi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Many informal settlements in Indonesia have been unable to survive, this is due to changes that occur in the neighborhood. This change resulted in the not surviving of informal settlements, but this did not affect the informal settlements in the city of Palangkaraya, settlements on the banks of the Kahayan river were even more developed, and began to develop towards the mainland.As climate change and the global environment increase, there is a tendency for people to conceptualize adaptation in residential buildings as a process of survival and how adaptation is practiced by people who face the negative impacts of climate change, for example in informal settlements on the Kahayan river bank, where residents adapt to building their homes to be able to withstand environmental changes. Where the neighborhood is located there are tides of the river, as well as other environmental factorsThis study is to find out how the Kahayan River settlement communities can survive, with changes that occur in the environment by analyzing using 6 strategies in building adaptation, namely: Adjustable, Versatile, Refitable, Convertible, Scalable, and Movable (Robert Schmid, 2009). Adaptation that occurs in these settlements, namely on building houses that follow climate change, times, and the environment.Keyword: Informal Settlements, Kahayan River Edge, Adaptation, Transformation.Abstrak: Permukiman Informal di Indonesia banyak yang sudah tidak dapat bertahan, hal ini di karenakan adanya perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan permukiman tersebut. Perubahan ini berakibat tidak bertahannya permukiman informal, namun hal ini tidak mempengaruhi permukiman informal di Kota Palangkaraya, permukiman yang berada di tepi sungai kahayan ini malah semakin berkembang, dan mulai berkembang menuju ke daratan.Seiring dengan meningkatnya perubahan iklim dan lingkungan global, ada kecenderungan masyarakat untuk membuat konsep adaptasi pada bangunan rumah tinggal sebagai proses untuk bertahan dan bagaimana adaptasi dipraktikkan oleh orang-orang yang menghadapi dampak negatif perubahan iklim, sebagai contoh pada permukiman informal yang berada di tepi sungai Kahayan, di mana warga beradaptasi pada bangunan rumah mereka untuk dapat bertahan terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Di mana lingkungan permukiman ini terdapat pasang surut air sungai, serta faktor lingkungan lainnya.Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui cara masyarakat permukiman tepi Sungai Kahayan dapat bertahan, dengan perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan dengan menganalisa menggunakan 6 strategi dalam adaptasi bangunan, yaitu: Adjustable, Versatile, Refitable, Convertible, Scalable, dan Movable (Robert Schmid, 2009). Adaptasi yang terjadi pada permukiman ini, yaitu pada bangunan rumah yang mengikuti perubahan iklim, jaman, dan lingkungan.Kata Kunci: Permukiman Informal, Tepi Sungai Kahayan, Adaptasi, Transformasi.