bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the heritability of the Sylow

-theorem by subgroups
Authors: Vdovin E. P. , Manzaeva N. Ch. , Revin D. O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Let

be a set of primes. We say that the Sylow

-theorem holds for a finite group

, or

is a

-group, if the maximal

-subgroups of

are conjugate. Obviously, the Sylow

-theorem implies the existence of

-Hall subgroups. In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to Problem 17.44, (b), in the Kourovka notebook: namely, we prove that in a

-group an overgroup of a

-Hall subgroup is always a

-group.
Bibliography: 52 titles.
Resurgence of an apex marine predator and the decline in prey body size
Authors: Ohlberger Jan , Schindler Daniel E. , Ward Eric J. , Walsworth Timothy E. , Essington Timothy E. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Recent recoveries of marine mammal populations worldwide have heightened concerns for their potential impacts on global fisheries. While predator-induced reductions in prey abundance have been documented, trait-mediated changes in life-history characteristics are rarely considered. Here we provide a striking example of the impact of a resurging apex marine predator on a commercially important fish species through changes in prey life-history traits. We find that widespread declines in the body size of Chinook salmon over the past 50 y can be explained by intensified predation by growing populations of resident killer whales that selectively feed on large Chinook salmon, thus revealing a potential conflict between salmon fisheries and marine mammal conservation objectives.
Genetically barcoded SIV reveals the emergence of escape mutations in multiple viral lineages during immune escape
Authors: Immonen Taina T. , Camus Celine , Reid Carolyn , Fennessey Christine M. , Del Prete Gregory Q. , Davenport Miles P. , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Keele Brandon F. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
The ability of HIV to rapidly generate escape mutations in response to host immune pressure constitutes a major obstacle toward the development of an efficacious vaccine. Assessing how easily the virus evades different selection pressures remains challenging because it requires quantifying how frequently escape mutations emerge across a diverse virus population. Barcoded SIV infection in nonhuman primates allowed for the direct assessment of escape dynamics within ∼4,000 distinct barcoded viral lineages that established infection. Over 1,000 viral lineages survived cytotoxic T-lymphocyte selection and were confirmed to harbor escape mutations. Characterizing the genetic bottleneck resulting from selection (i.e., the number of surviving barcode lineages) provides a way to assess and compare the efficacies of different selective forces in eradicating the virus.
Managing conflict originated by feminism
Authors: Fernández-Amaya Lucía 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze how conflict begins, unfolds and ends in a WhatsApp interaction within a Spanish family on 2018’s International Women’s Day. The analytical framework proposed byBou-Franch and Garcés-Conejos Blitvich (2014)is applied to a conversation that began at 10:37 am on March 8 and ended at 1:47 am on March 9. Multimodal analysis is used to consider not only participants’ linguistic strategies for expressing their opinions about feminism, but also the function of multimedia elements and emojis. The results show that conflict is constructed across multiple turns when some participants’ pro-feminist views are seen negatively by others. Thus, feminism emerges as a source of conflict among the family members. Another important issue drawn from the findings is the key role played by multimodal elements which have different functions related to how conflict is created and unfolds, such as being the origin of conflict itself, showing disapproval with others’ opinions, intensifying opinions to show emotion or trying to reduce face-threat.
Remarkable microwave absorption efficiency of low loading ratio of Ni0.25Co0.25Ti0.5Fe2O4/SrCoTiFe10O19/Cu composite coated with polyprrole within polyurethane matrix
Authors: Xu Dong , Jafarian Mojtaba , Seyyed Afghahi Seyyed Salman , Atassi Yomen , Bani Al-Marjeh Rama Al-Qassar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
NiCoTi spinel ferrite, SrCoTi hexagonal ferrite and copper microparticles were coated with polypyrrole (PPY) using in situ chemical oxidative method. The resulted microwave absorbing material was introduced into polyurethane matrix. XRD patterns indicated the successful preparation of spinel and hexagonal ferrites. SEM micrographs showed the semi-spherical morphology of the prepared composite. The magnetic properties have been investigated using VSM. The microwave absorber with 20%w/w loading percentage exhibits the best microwave absorption performance (bandwidth under −10 dB of 3 GHz and reflection loss of −24 dB at the matching frequency 9.75 GHz and thickness of 1.8 mm). The measurements of permittivity and permeability reveal that the dielectric loss mechanism is the predominant in the current absorber. The measured reflection loss using free space method also indicates the superior performance of the sample with 20%w/w loading percentage.
Assessing Representation and Perceived Inclusion among Members in the Society for Epidemiologic Research
Authors: DeVilbiss Elizabeth A , Weuve Jennifer , Fink David S , Morris Meghan D , Arah Onyebuchi A , Radoc Jeannie G , Datta Geetanjali D , Abuelezam Nadia N , Lopez David S , Johnson Dayna A , Branas Charles C , Schisterman Enrique F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Using web-based survey data collected June – August 2018 from the Society for Epidemiologic Research (SER) members, we characterized numerous dimensions of social identity and lived experience, and assessed relationships between these characteristics and perceptions of inclusion and society participation. We quantified associations between characteristics, feeling very welcomed, high (top 25th percentile) self-initiated participation, and any (top 10th percentile) society-initiated participation. Racial/ethnic and religious minority categories were blinded to preserve anonymity and we accounted for missing data. Most 2018 SER members (n = 1631) were white (62%) or female (66%). Females with racial/ethnic non-response were least likely, while white males were most likely to report feeling very welcomed. Members who did not report race, identified with a specific racial/ethnic minority, or were politically conservative/right-leaning were less likely than white or liberal/left-leaning members to have high self-initiated participation. Women and individuals of a specific racial/ethnic minority or minority religious affiliations were less likely to participate in events initiated by the society. These data represent a baseline for assessing trends and the impact of future initiatives aimed at improving diversity, inclusion, representation and participation within SER.
The burden of comorbidities in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Lang Irene M , Palazzini Massimiliano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPatients with comorbidities are often excluded from clinical trials, limiting the evidence base for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-specific therapies. This review aims to discuss the effect of comorbidities on the diagnosis and management of PAH. The comorbidities discussed in this review (systemic hypertension, obesity, sleep apnoea, clinical depression, obstructive airway disease, thyroid disease, diabetes, and ischaemic cardiovascular event) were chosen based on their prevalence in patients with idiopathic PAH in the REVEAL registry (Registry to EValuate Early and Long-term PAH disease management). Comorbidities can mask the symptoms of PAH, leading to delays in diagnosis and also difficulty evaluating disease progression and treatment effects. Due to the multifactorial pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH), the presence of comorbidities can lead to difficulties in distinguishing between Group 1 PH (PAH) and the other group classifications of PH. Many comorbidities contribute to the progression of PAH through increased pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac output, therefore treatment of the comorbidity may also reduce the severity of PAH. Similarly, the development of one comorbidity can be a risk factor for the development of other comorbidities. The management of comorbidities requires consideration of drug interactions, polypharmacy, adherence and evidence-based strategies. A multidisciplinary team should be involved in the management of patients with PAH and comorbidities, with appropriate referral to supportive services when necessary. The treatment goals and expectations of patients must be managed in the context of comorbidities.
Bayesian waveform-based calibration of high-pressure acoustic emission systems with ball drop measurements
Authors: Gu Chen , Mok Ulrich , Marzouk Youssef M , Prieto Germán A , Sheibani Farrokh , Evans J Brian , Hager Bradford H 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYAcoustic emission (AE) is a widely used technology to study source mechanisms and material properties during high-pressure rock failure experiments. It is important to understand the physical quantities that acoustic emission sensors measure, as well as the response of these sensors as a function of frequency. This study calibrates the newly built AE system in the MIT Rock Physics Laboratory using a ball-bouncing system. Full waveforms of multibounce events due to ball drops are used to infer the transfer function of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensors in high pressure environments. Uncertainty in the sensor transfer functions is quantified using a waveform-based Bayesian approach. The quantification of in situ sensor transfer functions makes it possible to apply full waveform analysis for acoustic emissions at high pressures.
The Mediating Role of Perceived Threat in the Relationship between Casual Contact and Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Authors: Çirakoğlu Okan Cem , Demirutku Kürşad , Karakaya Oğuzcan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Turkey hosts the largest Syrian refugee population in the world. As an attempt to understand antecedents of residents attitudes towards Syrian refugees, the present study aimed to investigate the relationships between contact experience, perception of threat, and the attitudes. Specifically, we hypothesized that perception of threat would mediate the relationship between contact experience and the attitudes. Frequency of different contact types, threats associated with economic, cultural, and criminal risks, and attitudes towards male or female targets based on preferred social distance were subjected to analyses in an adult sample of 170 women and 183 men. Results revealed a full mediation effect both for female and male Syrian refugee targets. We discussed the findings referring the observed nature of contact as mostly being casual, threat level being high, and attitudes being relatively negative within a specific media-effects framework.
A dwarf–dwarf merger and dark matter core as a solution to the globular cluster problems in the Fornax dSph
Authors: Leung Gigi Y C , Leaman Ryan , van de Ven Glenn , Battaglia Giuseppina 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The five globular clusters (GCs) of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy are puzzling for two reasons; the mass in GCs is high with respect to the galaxy’s old stellar mass and their survival and large distance (&gt;1 kpc) is at odds with naive expectations of dynamical friction. We present here a semi-analytic model, simultaneously addressing both problems in a comprehensive evolutionary framework for Fornax. Key to the model is inclusion of: (1) hydrodynamical constraints on the GC formation locations, (2) self-consistent velocity distribution functions in the dynamical friction calculations, and (3) expansion of GC orbits due to a past dwarf–dwarf merger in the orbit integrations. The latter is crucial for reconciling the dynamical survival of the clusters and their chemical properties with respect to the Fornax field stars. We find that in order for four of the GCs to survive at their observed projected location, a dark matter core of size rc &gt; 1.5 kpc and a dwarf merger with dynamical mass ratio of 1:5 ≤ η ≤ 1:2 with Fornax is required. We support the merger scenario by showing that aspects of the field star metallicity distribution function and anomalous chemical properties of GC5, are representative of a merging galaxy which is ∼1/3 less massive than Fornax. Together the chemical and dynamical models suggest a scenario where three in situ GCs in proto-Fornax were ejected to the outskirts during the merger, a GC4 formed during the merger at about 10 Gyr ago, with GC5 being brought in by the merging galaxy to Fornax.
Temperature profiles of hot gas in early-type galaxies
Authors: Kim Dong-Woo , Traynor Liam , Paggi Alessandro , O'Sullivan Ewan , Anderson Craig , Burke Douglas , D'Abrusco Raffaele , Fabbiano Giuseppina , Fruscione Antonella , Lauer Jennifer , McCollough Michael , Morgan Douglas , Mossman Amy , Vrtilek Saeqa , Trinchieri Ginevra 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Using the data products of the Chandra Galaxy Atlas (Kim et al.), we have investigated the radial profiles of the hot gas temperature in 60 early-type galaxies (ETGs). Considering the characteristic temperature and radius of the peak, dip, and break (when scaled by the gas temperature and virial radius of each galaxy), we propose a universal temperature profile of the hot halo in ETGs. In this scheme, the hot gas temperature peaks at RMAX = 35 ± 25 kpc (or ∼0.04 RVIR) and declines both inward and outward. The temperature dips (or breaks) at RMIN (or RBREAK) = 3–5 kpc (or ∼0.006 RVIR). The mean slope between RMIN (RBREAK) and RMAX is 0.3 ± 0.1. Allowing for selection effects and observational limits, we find that the universal temperature profile can describe the temperature profiles of 72 per cent (possibly up to 82 per cent) of our ETG sample. The remaining ETGs (18 per cent) with irregular or monotonically declining profiles do not fit the universal profile and require another explanation. The temperature gradient inside RMIN (RBREAK) varies widely, indicating different degrees of additional heating at small radii. Investigating the nature of the hot core (HC with a negative gradient inside RMIN), we find that HC is most clearly visible in small galaxies. Searching for potential clues associated with stellar, active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, and gravitational heating, we find that HC may be related to recent star formation. But we see no clear evidence that AGN feedback and gravitational heating play any significant role for HC.
On twin peak quasi-periodic oscillations resulting from the interaction between discoseismic modes and turbulence in accretion discs around black holes
Authors: Ortega-Rodríguez M , Solís-Sánchez H , Álvarez-García L , Dodero-Rojas E 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Given the peculiar and (in spite of many efforts) unexplained quasi-periodic oscillation twin peak phenomena in accretion disc power spectral density observations, the present exploratory analytical article tries to inquire deeper into the relationship between discoseismic modes and the underlying driving turbulence in order to assess its importance. We employ a toy model in the form of a Gaussian white noise-driven damped harmonic oscillator with stochastic frequency. This oscillator represents the discoseismic mode. (Stochastic damping was also considered, but interestingly it was found to be less relevant for the case at hand.) In the context of this model, we find that turbulence interacts with disc oscillations in interesting ways. In particular, the stochastic part in the oscillator frequency behaves as a separate driving agent. This gives rise to 3:2 twin peaks for some values of the physical parameters, which we find. We conclude with the suggestion that the study of turbulence be brought to the forefront of disc oscillation dynamics, as opposed to being a mere background feature. This change of perspective carries immediate observable consequences, such as considerably shifting the values of the (discoseismic) oscillator frequencies.
A new pill clam from an unusual habitat: the interstitial Pisidium interstitialis n. sp. (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae) from southwestern and Central Germany
Authors: Groh Klaus , Bössneck Ulrich , Clewing Catharina , Albrecht Christian , Richling Ira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new species of pill clam, Pisidium interstitialis n. sp. (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae), is described from wet meadows bordering a small creek in the Odenwald, southwestern Germany, and from a similar habitat in the Thuringian Schistic Mountains, Central Germany. It can be differentiated from the known European Pisidium species on the basis of shell morphology and DNA sequence data for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes. Despite critical evaluation of a large number of potential names from the current synonymies of morphologically similar Pisidium species, no available name was found. Pisidium interstitialis n. sp. is most similar to P. personatum Malm, 1856, and P. casertanum (Poli, 1791), both of which occur syntopically with the new species. Typical specimens of the new species can be readily identified on the basis of shell morphology. However, P. personatum and P. casertanum are morphologically highly variable, so that occasional overlap in conchological characters between these two species and P. interstitialis n. sp. does occur. Although these three taxa co-occur, microhabitat analyses using a special sampling technique showed that P. interstitialis n. sp. exhibits an exclusively interstitial lifestyle, living outside open water bodies. While other Pisidium species may live in the interstitial water of semi-terrestrial habitats, this is the first time that an exclusively interstitial lifestyle has been observed for Pisidium and this may explain why P. interstitialis n. sp. has remained undiscovered for so long. To date, despite the examination of large quantities of Central European samples of Pisidium, the new species is only known from the two areas reported in our study. It seems likely that further surveys will show that P. interstitialis n. sp. has a wider and more continuous distribution.
Enhancer–gene maps in the human and zebrafish genomes using evolutionary linkage conservation
Authors: Clément Yves , Torbey Patrick , Gilardi-Hebenstreit Pascale , Crollius Hugues Roest 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The spatiotemporal expression of genes is controlled by enhancer sequences that bind transcription factors. Identifying the target genes of enhancers remains difficult because enhancers regulate gene expression over long genomic distances. To address this, we used an evolutionary approach to build two genome-wide maps of predicted enhancer–gene associations in the human and zebrafish genomes. Evolutionary conserved sequences were linked to their predicted target genes using PEGASUS, a bioinformatics method that relies on evolutionary conservation of synteny. The analysis of these maps revealed that the number of predicted enhancers linked to a gene correlate with its expression breadth. Comparison of both maps identified hundreds of putative vertebrate ancestral regulatory relationships from which we could determine that predicted enhancer–gene distances scale with genome size despite strong positional conservation. The two maps represent a resource for further studies, including the prioritization of sequence variants in whole genome sequence of patients affected by genetic diseases.
Enabling Success in Nursing School: Description of an Innovative Student-Led Program
Authors: Scheller Lindsey L. , Campbell Brynn M. , Palazzo Steven J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nursing student attrition rates are high in BSN programs. Peer support programs can address challenges associated with attrition. This article describes a student-led program created to address the needs of first- and second-year nursing students. The program combined mentorship with quarterly academic workshops that focused on common challenges among nursing students. Following the program, students reported increased academic confidence, enhanced preparedness for nursing courses, improved sense of community, and decreased self-reported anxiety related to nursing school. Student-led programs are feasible means to creating prepared, resourceful, confident, and successful nursing students.
Nursing Faculty Roles in Prelicensure Baccalaureate Clinical Preceptorships
Authors: Chicca Jennifer , Shellenbarger Teresa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Preceptorships, or use of experienced staff nurses (preceptors) to provide individualized guidance for nursing student learning in clinical settings, offer an alternative to the traditional clinical education approach where faculty work with groups of students. As faculty roles in implementing preceptorships are not well understood, a descriptive qualitative design was used to determine how faculty view their role. Themes and subthemes emerging from nine semistructured interviews revealed that faculty have various roles in preparing, maintaining, and evaluating preceptorships. Faculty also verbalized that they facilitate the transition from student to professional nurse during preceptorships.
Use of noninvasive imaging in the management of skin cancer
Authors: Giuffrida Roberta , Conforti Claudio , Di Meo Nicola , Deinlein Teresa , Guida Stefania , Zalaudek Iris 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
To evaluate noninvasive imaging techniques in the management of skin cancers.

Recent findings
In the last decades, a wide range of noninvasive imaging methods has been developed in the field of dermatooncology with the aim to detect and assess the several structural and molecular changes that characterize skin cancer development and progression.

Summary
In this review, we discuss the current and emerging applications of noninvasive imaging approaches in skin cancer management, such as digital photography, dermoscopy, ultrasound sonography, reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, electrical impedance techniques, Raman spectroscopy, multispectral imaging, fluorescence imaging, and multispectral optoacustic tomography.