bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport of Hydrogen Through Anion Exchange Membranes in Water Electrolysis
Authors: Klinger Andre , Strobl Oscar , Michaels Hannes , Kress Michael , Martic Nemanja , Maltenberger Anna , Britton Benjamin , Belletti Andrew , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Schmid Guenter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe transport of hydrogen through an anion‐exchange membrane (AEM) is analyzed by in‐line product gas analysis in a large dynamic range (0.1–2 Acm−2) at ambient pressure and correlated to ex situ membrane properties, including volumetric electrolyte uptake, dimensional swelling and diffusivities. A commercial AF3‐HWK9‐75‐X membrane from Ionomr Innovations Inc. is characterized and employed in a 25 cm2 electrolyzer cell, which is operated for 56 h at 60 °C in 1 M KOH solution. A model of the membrane is developed, based on a combination of existing theoretical knowledge regarding liquid electrolytes and measured properties of the membrane. The model is employed to quantify the transport parameters through the membrane and the porous electrode. The hydrogen transport through the membrane is 770 times slower than through the electrode. The anion‐exchange membrane permits a low degree of gas crossover, with a hydrogen‐in‐oxygen concentration of at 2 Acm−2. The model indicates that modifying the membrane's microstructure has a more pronounced effect on the gas crossover than altering the swollen thickness. A correlation is derived to estimate the polymer diffusivity from the derived effective diffusivity through the membrane, which allows the determination of preferred membrane properties to lower hydrogen crossover.
Disulfide Exchange Reactions: The Bridge Between Processability, Performance, and High‐Throughput Recyclability in Crosslinked Elastomers
Authors: Garfias Karla , Odelius Karin , Hakkarainen Minna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping crosslinked elastomers that are easily produced and easily recyclable is complex, usually requiring a compromise between performance and recyclability. However, combining reversible exchange reactions together with phase separation phenomena appears as a promising approach. Herein, a simple and up‐scalable extrusion process is proposed, involving commercial maleated ethylene propylene rubber (EPRgMA), maleated polypropylene (PPgMA), and a suitable crosslinker. It is shown that a crosslinker enabling disulfide exchange reactions can provide local and long‐range rearrangements required for extrusion, yielding a robust crosslinked blend (BlendSS) with strength of 15 MPa and an impressive elongation of 1000%. Moreover, the presence of the disulfide crosslinker provided the required fast exchanges for three repetitive recycling cycles by extrusion with close to 80% retention of initial properties. In comparison, the use of a crosslinker without the capability to establish reversible reactions (BlendCC), yielded crosslinked blends of marginal compatibility, strength of 4 MPa and only 40% elongation. The absence of reversible reactions restricted chain rearrangements and consecutive recycling is only possible by compression molding. The recycled blends presented even lower compatibility, elasticity and thermomechanical performance, demonstrating that the proper design of interfacial interactions between PPgMA and EPRgMA can build a bridge between processability, performance, and high‐throughput recyclability.
Delayed Administration of IGFBP7 Improved Bone Defect Healing via ZO‐1 Dependent Vessel Stabilization
Authors: Sun Shiyu , Li Yao , Li Yuman , Niu Yuting , Hu Zhewen , Deng Chenyu , Chen Yiming , Hu Bo , Huang Ying , Deng Xuliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe vascular response following injury is pivotal for successful bone‐defect repair but constitutes a major hurdle in the field of regenerative medicine. Throughout this process, vessel stabilization is crucial to provide an adequate nutrient supply and facilitate efficient waste removal. Therefore, this study investigated whether promoting vascular stabilization improves bone defect repair outcomes. The findings show that insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein (IGFBP) 7 exhibits a novel biological function in attenuating vascular permeability and enhancing vascular wall integrity. The potential underlying mechanism involves the up‐regulation of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression by IGFBP7 on endothelial cell membrane, followed by activation of the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and upregulated expression of the tight junction protein zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1). IGFBP7 delayed administration in mice with cranial defects significantly improved bone defect healing by increasing ZO‐1 and CD31 co‐localization within vessel walls and optimizing the perfusion function of the final vascular network. Furthermore, the application of the typical tight junction regulator AT1001 effectively promoted ZO‐1‐dependent vascular stabilization and facilitated bone defect repair. This study presents a new approach to enhance bone defect healing via vascular stabilization‐targeted interventions and significantly advances the understanding of the complex interplay between osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone defect healing.
Novel hormonal agents in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer and reduced performance status: Experiences of a specialized single center
Authors: Büttner Thomas , Lossin Philipp , Latz Stefan , Jacobs Carolin , Krausewitz Philipp , Hauser Stefan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesAttaining castration resistance in metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC) represents a pivotal juncture in the progression of the patient's illness and treatment regimen. Within this therapeutic context, novel hormonal agents (NHA) constitute a fundamental component of pharmacological intervention. However, the efficacy of NHA therapy remains uncertain for patients with a compromised general condition, as indicated by an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) score of ≥2. Notably, most clinical trials excluded individuals with an ECOG PS ≥2, leaving a gap in our understanding of the potential benefits of NHA therapy for this specific patient cohort.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of fifty‐three NHA‐naïve men characterized by attaining mCRPC at an ECOG PS of ≥2 subsequent to androgen deprivation monotherapy between 2008 and 2023. Patients were then treated with either NHA or Best Supportive Care (BSC) based on individual decisions. Survival and adverse event (AE) analysis was performed to assess the outcomes of NHA therapy compared to BSC.ResultsAmong the patients, 30 (56.6%) received NHA, whereas the remaining 23 (43.4%) choose BSC. No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the NHA and BSC group. Median overall survival (OS) was 9.1 months in the BSC group and 7.0 months in the NHA group, with no significant OS benefits associated with NHA treatment. AEs and severe AEs commonly occurred, but remained indifferent between treatment groups.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that NHA therapy may confer reduced survival benefits in mCRPC patients with ECOG PS ≥2. While hope for NHA treatment persists, particularly given its oral administration and tolerability, careful consideration and discussion with patients regarding treatment expectations and palliative care goals are warranted in this challenging patient population.
Factors associated with hypercholesterolemia in older adults: A cross‐sectional investigation
Authors: de Oliveira Maria Clara Alves , Andrade Júlia Perfeito , Porto Ana Carolina Souza , Martins Gizelly Maria Torres , Campos Nurielly Monteiro , da Fonseca Valença Neto Paulo , De Almeida Claudio Bispo , Meira Saulo Sacramento , Roriz Beatriz Cardoso , da Silva Débora Jesus , Accetta Victor Giovannino , Casotti Cezar Augusto , dos Santos Lucas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the factors associated with hypercholesterolemia in older adults residing in a small municipality in northeastern Brazil.MethodsThis is a population‐based cross‐sectional epidemiological study conducted with 232 older adults (women: 58.60%; men: 41.40%) in Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil. Independent variables included socioeconomic, behavioral, and health‐related factors. The outcome was self‐reported hypercholesterolemia (yes or no). Poisson regression with a robust estimator was used to calculate Prevalence Ratios (PR) and their respective 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) in the inferential analysis. Gross models were initially developed, followed by a hierarchical multiple explanatory model (Level 1: socioeconomic variables; Level 2: behavioral aspects; Level 3: health conditions).ResultsThe observed prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 34.50% (men: 21.90%; women: 43.40%). Additionally, a higher probability of hypercholesterolemia was observed in women (PR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.27–2.97); participants with high sedentary behavior (PR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.03–2.09); those with abdominal obesity (PR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.06–2.57); and those with diabetes mellitus (PR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.04–2.29).ConclusionThe main results showed that female sex, high sedentary behavior, abdominal obesity, and diabetes mellitus were positively associated with hypercholesterolemia in the older population of the study.
Bowel preparation and surgical site infections in laparoscopic and robot‐assisted right‐sided colon cancer surgery with intracorporeal anastomosis: A retrospective study
Authors: Ozawa Naoya , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Kozu Takumi , Noguchi Tatsuki , Sakamoto Takashi , Matsui Shimpei , Mukai Toshiki , Akiyoshi Takashi , Fukunaga Yosuke 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimPrevious studies have examined bowel preparation as a measure to reduce surgical site infection (SSI) rates. This retrospective study aimed to identify the risk factors for SSI in right‐sided colon cancer surgery using intracorporeal anastomosis (IA). We focused on perioperative factors, including the bowel preparation method, to clarify the impact of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) and oral antibiotics (OA) on SSI incidence.MethodsPatients (n = 150) with right‐sided colon cancer who underwent elective laparoscopic or robot‐assisted colectomy (2019 and 2023) were included. Potential risk factors for SSI were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe overall incidence of SSI was 11 (7.3%) cases, with eight (5.4%) cases classified as incision site SSI and three (1.9%) as organ/space SSI. Univariate analysis showed that OA (p < 0.001) and MBP (p = 0.002) significantly reduced the SSI rate. Multivariate analysis identified OA as an independent risk factor (hazard ratio, 0.142; 95% confidence interval, 0.025–0.827; p = 0.025). Patients with SSI had longer postoperative hospital stays compared to those without SSI (median 9 vs. 8 days, p = 0.012). On postoperative day 1, the group receiving OA had significantly lower white blood cell count (9390 vs. 10 900/μL, p = 0.005) and C‐reactive protein levels (3.81 vs. 7.83 mg/dL, p < 0.001) compared to those in the group not receiving OA.ConclusionPreoperative administration of OA in laparoscopic or robot‐assisted right‐sided colon cancer surgery with IA may help decrease the incidence of SSI.
ABS and Styrene‐N‐Phenylmaleimide‐Acrylonitrile Terpolymer Achieved Both Toughening and Boosting Heat Resistance of PVC
Authors: Zhang Penghao , Hou Jie , Liu Baijun , Zhang Mingyao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe lack of toughness and heat resistance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) limit its application in construction, transportation, packaging, and medical treatment. In this work, the core–shell structure polybutadiene grafted styrene and acrylonitrile copolymer (PB‐g‐SAN), named (ABS), was utilized to toughen PVC. The composite materials reached the brittle‐ductile transition point at 10 phr. The heat‐resistant modifier styrene‐N‐phenylmaleimide‐acrylonitrile terpolymer (SMIA) synthesized by bulk polymerization was added to PVC/ABS to improve the heat resistance of the composite. The monomer N‐phenylmaleimide with a large spatial site resistance is introduced into SMIA, which restricts the molecular chain movement. There are intermolecular forces between the nitrile group and PVC to enhance the composite compatibility. Phase separation was not observed in the scanning electron microscope images of composites, elucidating the outstanding compatibility of ABS, PVC, and SMIA. The brittle‐ductile transition point was found to be 1350.60 J/m addition of 10 phr ABS. The Vicat softening temperature of the ternary functional composite (PVC/ABS/SMIA, 72:8:20) raised by 2°C, and the initial decomposition temperature increased by 19°C. Furthermore, the impact strength elevated 6 times compared to that of PVC. The toughening and strengthening heat resistance of PVC are realized at the same time.
A Compensated Clock: Temperature and Nutritional Compensation Mechanisms Across Circadian Systems
Authors: Stevenson Elizabeth‐Lauren , Mehalow Adrienne K. , Loros Jennifer J. , Kelliher Christina M. , Dunlap Jay C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCircadian rhythms are ∼24‐h biological oscillations that enable organisms to anticipate daily environmental cycles, so that they may designate appropriate day/night functions that align with these changes. The molecular clock in animals and fungi consists of a transcription‐translation feedback loop, the plant clock is comprised of multiple interlocking feedback‐loops, and the cyanobacterial clock is driven by a phosphorylation cycle involving three main proteins. Despite the divergent core clock mechanisms across these systems, all circadian clocks are able to buffer period length against changes in the ambient growth environment, such as temperature and nutrients. This defining capability, termed compensation, is critical to proper timekeeping, yet the underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. Here we examine the known players in, and the current models for, compensation across five circadian systems. While compensation models across these systems are not yet unified, common themes exist across them, including regulation via temperature‐dependent changes in post‐translational modifications.
A Perspective on the Battery Value Chain and the Future of Battery Electric Vehicles
Authors: Safari Mohammadhosein 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEven the most conservative projections suggest that significantly higher demand for batteries in the transport sector is expected in the coming years. A relevant concern is the supply security of lithium‐ion batteries, which has been raised and discussed in existing literature in the context of sustainability and the technological readiness of different parts of the battery value chain. However, an up‐to‐date analysis of this value chain is beneficial to spotlight the main current bottlenecks. This perspective article aims to make a worthwhile contribution in two respects: first, to encourage further research in the techno‐economic aspects of lithium‐ion and beyond battery chemistries; second, to aid investors and policymakers in the decision‐making process paving the road for the realization of the sustainability goals in the transport sector.
Psychological Sense of Community in Recovery Processes of Emerging and Older Adults: Ideological Antecedents and Implications for Public Health
Authors: Bahl Nina Kavita Heggen , Nafstad Hilde Eileen , Blakar Rolv Mikkel , Tømmervik Kristin , Brodahl Morten , Ness Ottar , Landheim Anne Signe , Prilleltensky Isaac 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAcross the world, governments are struggling to help people recover from substance use problems. Due to their particular risk factors, two age groups are of special interest to public health: emerging adults and older adults. Psychological sense of community (PSOC) is a key dimension in their recovery. Yet, to develop context‐sensitive and effective strategies tailored for these groups, there is a need to understand their discourses of PSOC as situated within their context. This study offers a multi‐level and comparative analysis of discourses of PSOC for 21 emerging adults and 23 older adults recovering within the same context. Using a discourse analytic tool and a comparative approach ideological impacts on the two groups' discourses of PSOC were identified. Both groups' discourses suggest that achieving and maintaining PSOC in recovery is challenging within a developing neo‐liberal context. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate differences between the two groups' with respect to (a) the particular impact of ideologies, (b) sources for PSOC in recovery and (c) challenges in community participation. The article builds on the findings to suggest strategies targeting the two groups. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's .
Use of an ŌNŌ Retrieval Device for Removal of a Covered CP Stent
Authors: Miller Chelsea E. , Lim D. Scott , Shorofsky Michael J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe report the use of the ŌNŌ retrieval system to remove a fully inflated 3.9 cm length by 24 mm diameter NuDEL CP Stent from the left pulmonary artery. There was no damage to any cardiac structures or venous anatomy following stent removal. To our knowledge, this is the first case of removal of a large caliber covered CP stent with the ŌNŌ system.
Diagnosis of Bone Metastasis due to Medullary Thyroid Cancer With 99mTc‐ (V) DMSA SPECT Imaging
Authors: Gharepapagh Esmaeil , Houshyar Jalil , Mamaghani Farzad Farajbakhsh , Karbasi Mahsa , Rezaei Sahar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGiven the limited availability of PET/CT scans, 99mTc‐(V) DMSA scintigraphy can be used to investigate possible metastases, especially in bone, in individuals with medullary thyroid cancer, even if there are no noticeable signs or symptoms of pain.
Stratification of Early Arrhythmic Risk in Patients Admitted for Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Role of the Machine Learning‐Derived “PRAISE Score”
Authors: Cumitini Luca , Giubertoni Ailia , Rossi Lidia , D'Amario Domenico , Grisafi Leonardo , Abbiati Paola , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Patti Giuseppe 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe PRAISE (PRedicting with Artificial Intelligence riSk aftEr acute coronary syndrome) score is a machine learning‐based model for predicting 1‐year adverse cardiovascular or bleeding events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Its role in predicting arrhythmic complications in ACS remains unknown.MethodsAtrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA) were recorded by continuous electrocardiographic monitoring until discharge in a cohort of 365 participants with ACS prospectively enrolled. We considered two separate timeframes for VA occurrence: ≤ 48 and > 48 h. The objective was to evaluate the ability of the PRAISE score to identify ACS patients at higher risk of in‐hospital arrhythmic complications.ResultsROC curve analysis indicated a significant association between PRAISE score and risk of both AF (AUC 0.89, p = 0.0001; optimal cut‐off 5.77%) and VA (AUC 0.69, p = 0.0001; optimal cut‐off 2.17%). Based on these thresholds, high/low AF PRAISE score groups and high/low VA PRAISE score groups were created, respectively. Patients with a high AF PRAISE score more frequently developed in‐hospital AF (19% vs. 1%). Multivariate analysis showed a high AF PRAISE score risk as an independent predictor of AF (HR 4.30, p = 0.016). Patients with high VA PRAISE scores more frequently developed in‐hospital VA (25% vs. 8% for VA ≤ 48 h; 33% vs. 3% for VA > 48 h). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a high VA PRAISE score risk as an independent predictor of both VA ≤ 48 h (HR 2.48, p = 0.032) and VA > 48 h (HR 4.93, p = 0.014).ConclusionThe PRAISE score has a comprehensive ability to identify with high specificity those patients at risk for arrhythmic events during hospitalization for ACS.
Low‐Loss Differential SPST Switch With Filtering Response and Common‐Mode Suppression
Authors: Zhao Shipeng , Wang Zhongbao , Liu Hongmei , Gao Mingming , Fang Shaojun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a novel low‐loss differential switch with filtering response and common‐mode (CM) suppression is proposed for RF communication system. The single‐pole single‐throw (SPST) switch toggles ON and OFF states of the switch by controlling the voltage to PIN diodes loaded on the feeding transmission slotline. Microstrip‐to‐slotline transition provides intrinsic CM suppression for differential switch. The frequency selectivity is achieved by using modified dumb‐belled slotline resonator, and the design process of its resonant operating mechanism is provided. The fabricated and measured differential SPST switch prototype exhibits bandpass filtering response with low insertion loss under the ON state. For the OFF state of the differential SPST switch, it can demonstrate wideband rejection characteristics. More importantly, CM noises can be effectively suppressed in this design.
The Emergence of a Novel Synthetic Nicotine Analog 6‐Methyl Nicotine (6‐MN) in Proclaimed Tobacco‐ and Nicotine‐Free Pouches Available in Europe
Authors: Vanhee Celine , Dill Maarten , Canfyn Michael , Tuenter Emmy , Barhdadi Sophia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA new nicotine delivery system in the form of tobacco‐free nicotine pouches was introduced in Europe in 2019. These nicotine bags did not fall under the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) II, which brought forward regulatory requirements for both cigarettes, related products, and e‐liquids. As these pouches did not fall under the scope of the TPD, it was up to the member states to decide which action to be taken if any. Some EU member states banned these nicotine pouches, while others put restrictions on the amount of nicotine, warning messages, and presentation and packaging of the product, and some member states did not take any action. Likely as a result of the ban or restrictions, soon after also, tobacco and nicotine‐free pouches became available in the European Union (EU). Early 2024, “NoNIC” pouches, claiming to be tobacco‐ and nicotine‐free, became available on the European market. These pouches are promoted online and clearly target a younger population with a youth‐appealing package design and enticing flavors. Upon analysis of different samples utilizing gas chromatography coupled to MS (GC–MS), liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRAM LC–MS2), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), it was demonstrated that these pouches were indeed devoid of nicotine but contained the synthetic nicotine homolog 6‐methyl nicotine (6‐MN) and this up to 20 mg per pouch. Nonetheless, a part of a likely unaware/misled young adult subpopulation has easy access to these products, containing a novel molecule for which limited to no clinical effects are known.