bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appraisal of water quality indices for service reservoirs in water distribution networks
Authors: Nyirenda M. S. , Tanyimboh T. T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The use of water quality indices to aggregate pollution loads in rivers has been widely studied, with researchers using various sub-indices and aggregation methods. These have been used to combine various quality variables at a sampling point in a river into an overall water quality index to compare the state of water quality in different river reaches. Service reservoirs in a water distribution network, like rivers, have complex mixing mechanisms, are subjected to various water quality variables and are variably sized and sited. Water quality indices and the relevant sub-indices are formulated here and applied to service reservoirs within a water distribution network. This is in an attempt to compare holistically the performance of service reservoirs in solutions of optimisation algorithms with regards to water quality.
Cytotoxicity and Anti-cancer Activity of the Genus Achillea L.
Authors: Papakosta Konstantina , Grafakou Maria-Eleni , Barda Christina , Kostopoulos Ioannis V. , Tsitsilonis Ourania , Skaltsa Helen 
Published: May 2020

Background:The genus Achillea L. is rich in bioactive sesquiterpenes and flavonoids; most of the studied species exhibit several biological activities and are used as emmenagogue, wound healing and analgesic agents. Some species are also used in local folklore medicine.Objective:Following a literature survey, we discuss the anti-cancer properties of Achillea species, taking into consideration ethnopharmacological data on their use in traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer. In addition, we screened extracts and isolated secondary metabolites from A. coarctata for cytotoxicity, upon information based on local traditional medicine. The plant was collected in Kozani (Northern Greece), where it is locally used for treating gastrointestinal disorders, including stomach cancer.Methods:A selection of the relevant data was performed through a search in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases. In addition, extracts and isolated compounds from A. coarctata were tested for their in vitro activity against the human cancer cell lines MCF-7 and HeLa.Conclusion:The genus Achillea L. is a valuable source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The most significant outcome of the investigation of medicinal plants is the documentation and the assessment of the traditional information and its use and perspectives in the light of modern pharmacology.
Substituted 3-R-2,8-Dioxo-7,8-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4] triazino [2,3-c]quinazoline-5a(6H)carboxylic Acids and their Salts – a Promising Class of Anti-inflammatory Agents
Authors: Stavytskyi Viktor , Antypenko Oleksii , Nosulenko Inna , Berest Galyna , Voskoboinik Oleksii , Kovalenko Sergiy 
Published: May 2020

Background:Computer-aided drug design is among the most effective methods of medicinal chemistry. The above mentioned approach is used for the purposeful search of antiinflammatory agents among quinazoline condensed derivatives.Objective:The study aimed to conduct a purposeful synthesis of novel 3-R-2,8-dioxo-7,8-dihydro- 2H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazoline-5a(6H)carboxylic acids and their salts as promising anti-inflammatory agents, evaluate their structure by physicochemical methods and establish their anti-inflammatory activity.Methods:The structures of target compounds were proposed due to their structure similarity to existing drugs and experimental agents with anti-inflammatory activities. The features of the synthesized compounds structures were evaluated by IR-, NMR spectroscopy and chromatography-mass spectrometry and discussed in detail. Probable molecular mechanisms of activity were predicted by molecular docking. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by their ability to reduce the formalin- and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.Results:It was found that the condensation of 3-(2-aminophenyl)-6-R-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)ones with 2-oxoglutaric acid yielded 3-R-2,8-dioxo-7,8-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazoline- 5a(6H)carboxylic acids which may be considered as a promising anti-inflammatory agent. An in silico study showed that the obtained compounds revealed affinity to the molecular targets and corresponded to the drug-like criteria. Additionally docking study allowed to estimate the nature of interactions between synthesized compounds and molecular targets. The in vivo experiments showed that the obtained compounds demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity comparable or higher than the activity of the reference drug Diclofenac.Conclusion:The developed and implemented search strategy of the anti-inflammatory agents was justified. 3-R-2,8-dioxo-7,8-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazoline5a(6H)carboxylic acids possessed the anti-inflammatory activity and additional introduction of fluorine atoms in position 11 or 12 of the heterocyclic system led to amplification of this activity.
Melatonin Ameliorates BPA Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Red Blood Cells: An In vitro Study
Authors: Abdullah Saleh M. , Rashid Hina 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenobiotic that causes oxidative stress in various
organs in living organisms. Blood cells are also an endpoint where BPA is known to cause oxidative
stress. Blood cells, especially red blood cells (RBCs), are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and
overall wellbeing of the organism. They are highly susceptible to oxidative stress induced by xenobiotics.
However, there is limited data about the oxidative stress induced by BPA in blood, especially in
red blood cells. This study was carried out to evaluate BPA induced oxidative stress in human RBCs in
vitro and its amelioration by melatonin.

Objective:
To find if melatonin exerts a protective effect on the oxidative stress induced by the BPA in
human red blood cells in vitro.

Methods:
The erythrocyte suspensions (2 ml) were divided into six groups and treated with 0, 50,
100, 150, 200, and 250 μg/ml of BPA. Another set of erythrocyte suspension with similar BPA treatment
and 50 μM Melatonin per group was also set. Incubations lasted for 12 hrs in the dark. Lipid
peroxidation, glutathione, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were measured as
indicators of oxidative stress.

Results:
BPA caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. A decrease in GSH levels was also
observed. The activities of all the studied antioxidants also decreased with BPA treatment. Melatonin
was seen to mitigate the oxidative stress induced by BPA.

Conclusion:
Treatment of red blood cells with BPA caused an increase in oxidative stress, while melatonin
decreased the induced oxidative stress.
How's Crops, Dean? (1932)
Authors: Campbell Virginia , Yoakum Ryan 
Published: May 2020

Vol. 1, No. 4 (2019)
With contributions by McKenzie Boes-Waddell.
This issue of SourceLab presents How’s Crops, Dean?, a film produced by Paramount News Corporation in 1932 to advertise a crops-for-tuition program created by Illinois Wesleyan University.
This publication is part of the digital documentary edition series SourceLab, based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our Editorial Board conducts rigorous peer-review of every edition.
Stamping It Out (1880): Imagining the Second Anglo-Afghan War
Authors: Justice Austin R. , Stasiek Artur , Upadhyay Archana 
Published: May 2020

Vol. 1, No. 2 (2019)
This issue of SourceLab presents a famous editorial cartoon, published in the weekly journal Fun during the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880).
This publication is part of the digital documentary edition series SourceLab, based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our Editorial Board conducts rigorous peer-review of every edition.
A Physical Activity and Diet Program Delivered by Artificially Intelligent Virtual Health Coach: Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Maher Carol Ann , Davis Courtney Rose , Curtis Rachel Grace , Short Camille Elizabeth , Murphy Karen Joy 
Published: May 2020

Background
Poor diet and physical inactivity are leading modifiable causes of death and disease. Advances in artificial intelligence technology present tantalizing opportunities for creating virtual health coaches capable of providing personalized support at scale.

Objective
This proof of concept study aimed to test the feasibility (recruitment and retention) and preliminary efficacy of physical activity and Mediterranean-style dietary intervention (MedLiPal) delivered via artificially intelligent virtual health coach.

Methods
This 12-week single-arm pre-post study took place in Adelaide, Australia, from March to August 2019. Participants were inactive community-dwelling adults aged 45 to 75 years, recruited through news stories, social media posts, and flyers. The program included access to an artificially intelligent chatbot, Paola, who guided participants through a computer-based individualized introductory session, weekly check-ins, and goal setting, and was available 24/7 to answer questions. Participants used a Garmin Vivofit4 tracker to monitor daily steps, a website with educational materials and recipes, and a printed diet and activity log sheet. Primary outcomes included feasibility (based on recruitment and retention) and preliminary efficacy for changing physical activity and diet. Secondary outcomes were body composition (based on height, weight, and waist circumference) and blood pressure.

Results
Over 4 weeks, 99 potential participants registered expressions of interest, with 81 of those screened meeting eligibility criteria. Participants completed a mean of 109.8 (95% CI 1.9-217.7) more minutes of physical activity at week 12 compared with baseline. Mediterranean diet scores increased from a mean of 3.8 out of 14 at baseline, to 9.6 at 12 weeks (mean improvement 5.7 points, 95% CI 4.2-7.3). After 12 weeks, participants lost an average 1.3 kg (95% CI –0.1 to –2.5 kg) and 2.1 cm from their waist circumference (95% CI –3.5 to –0.7 cm). There were no significant changes in blood pressure. Feasibility was excellent in terms of recruitment, retention (90% at 12 weeks), and safety (no adverse events).

Conclusions
An artificially intelligent virtual assistant-led lifestyle-modification intervention was feasible and achieved measurable improvements in physical activity, diet, and body composition at 12 weeks. Future research examining artificially intelligent interventions at scale, and for other health purposes, is warranted.
Conceptos políticos: la importancia de la práctica en la construcción teórica
Authors: Hernández Cornejo Nalliely 
Published: May 2020

Reseña del libro: <em>Conceptos políticos. Herramientas teóricas y prácticas para el siglo XXI</em>. Amezcua, Melissa y Bak Geller, David (Coordinadores). Universidad de Guadalajara, 2018.
Lenguaje de derechos y apertura de oportunidades legales para el cambio social: el Movimiento por la Paz con Justicia y Dignidad y la Ley General de Víctimas
Authors: Gordillo García Johan 
Published: May 2020

<p><span class="fontstyle0">Este trabajo aporta evidencia empírica a la creciente literatura enfocada en la movilización legal, primero, mediante el análisis del uso del lenguaje de derechos para enmarcar demandas colectivas y, segundo, con una discusión sobre los resultados de los movimientos sociales relacionados específicamente con los marcos legales. Para hacerlo, estudio el caso del Movimiento por la Paz con Justicia y Dignidad (MPJD), actor colectivo que consiguió la promulgación de la Ley General de Víctimas (LGV) en un contexto en el que la narrativa oficial se enfocaba en la criminalización de las víctimas de la violencia. Mediante un rastreo de proceso, analizo las razones por las cuales el MPJD enfocó sus esfuerzos en conseguir la LGV y qué factores influyeron para alcanzar tal objetivo. Los resultados indican que la LGV se concibió como un instrumento capaz de fomentar el cambio social mediante la ampliación</span> <span class="fontstyle0">de oportunidades legales. Al mismo tiempo, sostengo que la promulgación puede explicarse mediante la enmarcación del discurso en torno a la figura de las víctimas, la capacidad estratégica de quienes lideraron el movimiento y la estructura de oportunidades políticas.</span><br /><br /></p>
Derechos humanos, democracia y Estado en la tercera ola de la autocracia
Authors: Valdés Ugalde Francisco 
Published: May 2020

<span class="fontstyle0">Este artículo aborda un problema persistente en la teoría y en la ciencia política: la naturaleza de la relación entre democracia, derechos humanos y Estado. Para hacerlo incursiona en la teoría y en la política contemporánea. Se sitúa esta discusión en tres corrientes principales: </span><span class="fontstyle2">1) </span><span class="fontstyle0">la que sostiene que los derechos humanos y la democracia están unidos necesariamente, </span><span class="fontstyle2">2) </span><span class="fontstyle0">la que afirma que la democracia es un derecho humano, y </span><span class="fontstyle2">3) </span><span class="fontstyle0">la que sostiene que los derechos humanos pueden realizarse en ausencia de democracia. En las tres teorías se revisa la relación entre moral, política y derecho teniendo a la vista los obstáculos al desarrollo de los derechos humanos y de la democracia en el Estado contemporáneo.</span><br /><br />
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Munculnya Kembali Penyakit Kaki Gajah Di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Tahun 2019
Authors: Nabela Danvil , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Ismail Nizam 
Published: May 2020

Filariasis merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria jika tidak cepat maka akan mengalami cacat permanen, hal itu terjadi ketika saat kondisi kronik terjadi pembengkakan pada kaki dan tangan, dalam kondisi itu maka disebut elephantiasis (kaki gajah). Kabupaten Aceh Barat merupakan salah satu Kabupaten yang memiliki jumlah kasus Filariasis terbanyak yang terus meningkat dari 9 kasus di tahun 2015 menjadi 15 kasus pada tahun 2017. Banyak faktor yang diduga sebagai penyebab kejadian kaki gajah diantaranya pengetahuan, prilaku, lingkungan fisik rumah, sosialisasi penyuluhan petugas kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan munculnya kembali penyakit kaki gajah di Kabupaten Aceh Barat tahun 2018.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa munculnya kembali penyakit kaki gajah di Kabupaten Aceh Barat tahun 2018 berhubungan dengan pengetahuan (p= 0,021), sikap (p= 0.042), tindakan (p= 0,028), sosialisasi penyuluhan tenaga kesehatan (p=0.002), dan lingkungan fisik rumah (p=0.002) namun tidak ada hubungan dengan jenis kelamin (p=0.866) dan literasi kesehatan (p=0,0773). Faktor yang paling dominan adalah tindakan pencegahan penyakit kaki gajah yang kurang baik, yang kecenderungan sebesar 28 kali untuk meningkatkan munculnya kembali penyakit kaki gajah lebih besar dibandingkan dengan variabel lain.
Evaluasi Program Pengendalian Filariasis dari Aspek Implementasi Kebijakan di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Yulidar Yulidar , Marissa Nelly , Wilya Veny , Rosdiana Rosdiana , Fitria Eka , Manik Ulil Amri , Randiana Eka , Muhsi Ibnu 
Published: May 2020

Filariasis atau penyakit kaki gajah merupakan penyakit tular vektor yang masih endemis di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya Provinsi Aceh. Program pengendalian filariasis merujuk pada kebijakan yang sudah ditentukan oleh pemerintah pusat. Pemberian obat pencegahan massal sudah dilakukan selama 5 putaran sampai tahun 2015. Pada tahun 2016 dilakukan survei evaluasi prevalensi mikrofilaria (pre-TAS) dan hasilnya adalah Kabupaten Aceh Jaya tidak lulus survei tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif yang dilakukan pada bulan oktober 2017 dengan metode indepth interview. Jumlah responden yang diwawancara adalah 4 orang. Keberhasilan atau kegagalan eliminasi filariasis dipengaruhi oleh aspek epidemiologi dan manajemen. Aspek manajemen yang ditelusuri adalah implementasi kebijakan pelaksanaan program pengendalian filariasis. Data dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa implmenetasi kebijkan pelaksanaan program pengendalian filariasis yaitu pemberian obat massal pencegahan berjalan dengan baik. Keberhasilan ini ditunjukkan oleh data cakupan minum obat pada masyarakat setiap tahunnya selalu lebih dari standar nasional. Faktor kegagalan pre-TAS belum diketahui secara pasti. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasis program dari aspek implementasi maka ketersediaan sumber daya manusia dan anggaran belum maksimal untuk pengendalian filariasis.
LITERASI MULTIKULTURAL KOMUNITAS ETNIK KAMPUNG RAMA KECAMATAN PANAKUKANG KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Bahfiarti Tuti , Arianto Arianto , Fatimah Jeanny Maria , Farid Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

Komunitas etnik Kampung Rama dominan beretnik Toraja terletak di Kecamatan Panakukang Kota Makassar. Permasalahan mitra komunitas etnik Kampung Rama Kelompok mayoritas adalah etnik Toraja dan kelompok minoritas adalah etnik Bugis, etnik Makassar, etnik Mandar, dan etnik Jawa. Kelompok mayoritas dan minoritas berbeda agama, nilai, kepercayaan, dan adat istiadat harus saling memahami. Tujuannya memaksimalkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku dalam menerima perbedaan sebagai keberagaman bangsa. Metode ini dapat meningkatkan karakter sikap demokratis, pluralis, dan humanis pada masyarakat komunitas Etnik Kampung Rama. Tahapan metode yakni, pertama, pembuatan karya audio visual pendidikan multikultural; kedua, kegiatan pengajaran dan pelatihan; ketiga, pemutaran audio visual multikultural, dan keempat : hasil pretest dan postest literasi multikultural. Nilai postest lebih tinggi dari pretest, seperti pemahaman dan keterbukaan masyarakat terhadap perbedaan suku, agama, dan ras. Cara pengambilan keputusan dan peran aktif pada perbedaan suku mengalami peningkatan hasil dari pretest dan postest. Persepsi dan pandangan masyarakat terhadap kebebasan beragama menunjukkan hasil sama yakni 100%.Kata kunci: Literasi Multikultural; Etnik Toraja; Kampung Rama; Kecamatan Panakukang; Kota Makassar.AbstractThe dominant ethnic Rama village of Toraja ethnic is located in Panakukang District, Makassar City. Problems with the Rama Kampung Rama ethnic community majority groups are Toraja and minority groups are Bugis, Makassarese, Mandarese and Javanese. Majority and minority groups with different religions, values, beliefs and customs must understand each other. The aim is to maximize knowledge, attitudes and behavior in accepting differences as a diversity of nations. This method can improve the character of democratic, pluralist and humanist attitudes. The stages of the method are, first, the making of audio visual works in multicultural education; second, teaching and training activities; third, multicultural audio-visual playback, and fourth: multicultural literacy pretest and posttest results. The posttest score is higher than the pretest, such as people's understanding and openness to differences in ethnicity, religion, and race. The method of decision making and the active role in tribal differences have increased the results of the pretest and posttest. Public perceptions and views on religious freedom show the same results, namely 100%.Keywords: Multicultural Literacy; Toraja Ethnic; Kampung Rama; Panakukang District; Makassar city.
Konstruksi Foto Pertandingan Sepak Bola Tim Nasional Indonesia Pada Piala AFF U-22 2019 di Media Sosial Instagram
Authors: Aji Daru Tunggul 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana fotografi bukan saja digunakan sebagai penyampai pesan dan gagasan, namun aspek visual dalam fotografi banyak diberdayakan dalam ragam kepentingan, dari isu-isu sosial, politik hingga kebutuhan reklame. Pada tanggal 26 Februari 2019, tim nasional Indonesia U22 berlaga di partai final melawan Thailand U22 kejuaran AFF. Banyak foto-foto yang bermunculan di media sosial Instagram. Melalui tanda pagar piala AFF U22 (#pialaaffu22) peneliti mencoba menelusuri dan melakukan kategorisasi terhadap kemunculan foto-foto pada tanggal tersebut. Dalam pengumpulan data, didapatkan sebanyak 504 unggahan dengan material foto, dan 134 unggahan berupa video.Setelah melalui proses reduksi data, materi visual mengarah pada tiga hal, yakni Modifikasi Foto Marinus Manewar, Foto yang diberdayakan menjadi material iklan, dan Menyoal persoalan tubuh dalam pertandingan. Melalui metode analisis wacana kritis model Norman Faiclough, penelitian ini berusaha membedah fenomena fotografis dan bagaimana masyarakat virtual memproduksi, mengonsumsi dan bahkan melakukan konstruksi realitas fotografis
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Patient with Mixed Levels of Actionable Variant Evidence
Authors: Schuh Michael J. , Crosby Sheena 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To demonstrate the types of clinical recommendations a pharmacogenomics pharmacist may make to medical clinicians with regard to medication management to improve therapeutic outcomes based on varied levels of medical literature evidence.
Summary: This case demonstrates how a common type of patient seen in a pharmacist practice may present with a varied pharmacogenomic (PGx) profile, how they may benefit from PGx analysis, and how varying levels of medical literature evidence can be used with clinical decision making.
Conclusion: PGx testing can help avoid adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or medication inefficacy by assisting in the adjustment of current or future medication doses. It can also help predict the best medications to use or those to avoid in advance by eliminating much of the existing dosing or medication selection method of trial and error.

Article Type: Case Study
AVALIAÇÃO DA PERCEPÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE MULHERES IDOSAS PRATICANTES DO MÉTODO PILATES E IDOSAS SEDENTÁRIAS, NA REGIÃO DO SERTÃO PERNAMBUCANO
Authors: Dos Santos Nilvânia Aparecida , Nascimento Marcelo de Maio 
Published: May 2020

O processo do envelhecimento humano é responsável por uma série de transformações de ordem biopsicossociais, que afetam a saúde e a qualidade de vida (QV) da pessoa. Uma estratégia para ampliar os níveis de QV consiste na prática regular de exercícios físicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar os níveis da percepção da QV de mulheres idosas praticantes regulares do método Pilates e sedentárias, residentes na cidade de Petrolina-PE. Trata-se de um estudo analítico transversal, com amostra não probabilística por conveniência e intencional, formada por mulheres idosas, divididas em grupo Pilates (n=20), integrantes de um programa de extensão universitária, e Sedentário (n=20). Quatro instrumentos foram utilizados: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Mini-exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Questionário WHOQOL-BREF e Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). A homogeneidade dos dados foi verificada com o Teste de Shapiro-Wilk, aplicando-se o teste não paramétrico (teste T para amostras independentes). Dados categóricos foram processados pelo teste Chi- Quadrado. O nível de significância adotado foi de p?0,05. Integrantes do grupo Pilates apresentaram maior pontuação nos domínios do WHOQOL-BREF. Diferenças significativas foram observadas no domínio Psicológico (p<0,001). Físico (p?0,05) e Avaliação total da QV (p?0,05). Conclui-se que a prática regular do Pilates interfere positivamente na percepção da saúde física e mental de mulheres idosas.