bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the modified lateral pillar classification for Legg Calvé Perthes disease performed by a large group of international paediatric orthopaedic surgeons
Authors: Laine Jennifer C. , Novotny Susan A. , Huhnstock Stefan , Ries Andrew J. , Tis John E. , Sankar Wudbhav N. , Jo Chan-Hee , Kim Harry K. W. ,   International Perthes Study Group
Published: November 2020

Purpose The modified lateral pillar classification (mLPC) is used for prognostication in the fragmentation stage of Legg Calvé Perthes disease. Previous reliability assessments of mLPC range from fair to good agreement when evaluated by a small number of observers with pre-selected radiographs. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of mLPC performed by a group of international paediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Surgeons self-selected the radiograph for mLPC assessment, as would be done clinically. Methods In total, 40 Perthes cases with serial radiographs were selected. For each case, 26 surgeons independently selected a radiograph and assigned mLPC and 21 raters re-evaluated the same 40 cases to establish intra-observer reliability. Rater performance was determined through surgeon consensus using the mode mLPC as ‘gold standard’. Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability data were analysed using weighted kappa statistics. Results The weighted kappa for inter-observer correlation for mLPC was 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.55 to 0.74) and was 0.82 (range: 0.35 to 0.99) for intra-observer correlation. Individual surgeon's overall performance varied from 48% to 88% agreement. Surgeon mLPC performance was not influenced by years of experience (p = 0.51). Radiograph selection did not influence gold standard assignment of mLPC. There was greater agreement on cases of mild B hips and severe C hips. Conclusions mLPC has low good inter-observer agreement when performed by a large number of surgeons with varied experience. Surgeons frequently chose different radiographs, with no impact on mLPC agreement. Further refinement is needed to help differentiate hips on the border of group B and C. Level of evidence III
Quantity Prediction of Mixed Freshwater Fish Based on Passive Underwater Acoustic Signals
Authors: Tu Qunzi , Yang Yongwen , Huang Hanying , Li Lu , Xiong Shanbai , Zhao Siming 
Published: November 2020

HighlightsThe use of passive underwater acoustic technology to estimate the species and quantity of freshwater fish provides a theoretical basis for effectively estimating the quantity of freshwater aquaculture.Mixed proportion recognition models for breams and crucians were built using probabilistic neural network (PNN) and support vector machine (SVM), and the influences of different super-parameters on the recognition rate were analyzed. The results showed that the classification model established with SVM after equiripple filtering was best.Mixed quantity prediction models for breams and crucians were constructed using multiple linear regression, and the effects of different filtering methods on the model performance were analyzed. The results showed that the best quantity prediction model was constructed with Butterworth filtering.Abstract. Acoustic signals of breams and crucians were collected at seven mixed proportions and 15 mixed quantitative gradients. After normalization and different filtering processes, the characteristics of the acoustic signals were extracted. Mixed proportion recognition models for breams and crucians were established using probabilistic neural network (PNN) and support vector machine (SVM). The results showed that the model established using SVM after equiripple filtering was best, and the recognition rate was 0.9583. A mixed quantity prediction model for breams and crucians was established by multiple linear regression based on ordinary least squares. The results showed that the model was best after Butterworth filtering, the adjusted decision coefficient of the model was 0.9514, and the relative analysis error was 4.7571. Keywords: Freshwater fish, Passive underwater acoustic signals, Pattern recognition, Regression analysis.
Selective Cropping as a Soil Conservation Practice: A Benefits Evaluation
Authors: Kikoyo Duncan , Ale Srinivasulu , Smith Patricia K. 
Published: November 2020

HighlightsReplacing either a winter wheat or corn system with a spring wheat system improved soil retention by more than 19%.When grown for bioenergy production instead of forage hay, switchgrass improved soil retention by 40%.Replacement of field cropping systems with grassland systems improved soil retention by over 70%.Incorporating the environmental merits and demerits of cropping systems during on-farm and policy decision-making may go a long way toward ensuring food, feed, and energy security and environmental sustainability.Abstract. While policies that take land out of production provide a quick fix to erosion, the sustainability of such approaches has been questioned, particularly with the increasing demand for arable land. Policies that reconcile the needs for food, feed, fuel, and healthy ecosystems provide a more sustainable alternative approach to soil erosion management in agricultural lands. This study evaluates the impacts of such a policy that prioritizes the implementation of cropping systems with relatively high environmental benefits. The effectiveness of three field cropping systems and three grassland systems in reducing soil erosion is examined on a 6.6 ha field plot in central Texas over a 20-year period. Soil loss rates under each system are estimated using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model. A relational comparison of the simulated soil losses and water budget components is undertaken to determine the impact of alternative cropping and grassland systems on the landscape’s hydrologic and erosion processes. The results revealed that replacing a winter wheat system and a corn cropping system with a spring wheat system improved soil retention by 19% and 25%, respectively. Growing switchgrass for bioenergy production instead of forage hay improved soil retention considerably (by 40%). Irrespective of the grassland system adopted (restoration to native prairie or growing switchgrass for hay or bioenergy), the replacement of corn or wheat cropping systems with grassland systems increased soil retention by over 70%. This study shows that there is an opportunity to alleviate concerns about conservation programs that take cropland out of production and those that use food crops as fuel and feedstocks, while considerably reducing soil loss from agricultural lands. Incorporating the merits and demerits of cropping systems and why one system should be preferred over another during on-farm and policy decision-making may go a long way toward ensuring food, feed, and energy security and environmental sustainability. Keywords: Cropping systems, Soil retention, Sustainability, Switchgrass.
Development of Prediction Model for Axle Torque of Agricultural Tractors
Authors: Kim Wan-Soo , Kim Yeon-Soo , Kim Yong-Joo 
Published: November 2020

HighlightsA prediction model was developed for estimating the axle torque of an agricultural tractor.The model was developed by complementing and modifying a previously proposed traction equation.Compared to the actual axle torque, the proposed model attained MAPE of 2.1%, RMSE of 29 Nm, and RD of 2.7%.The model predicted axle torque more accurately than the traction force-based prediction model.Abstract. The tractor driving axle torque is an important factor in optimal transmission design and service life evaluation. Axle torque measurement sensor systems are very expensive, and traction force-based axle torque prediction models cannot accurately estimate the axle torque because they do not consider both the conditions of the tractor and the attached implement. Therefore, in this study, a prediction model was developed to estimate the axle torque of an agricultural tractor based on the traction force equation and motion resistance. A load measurement system was established to verify the developed prediction model, and actual field torque data were collected through field tests. The developed prediction model was verified by comparing the results of five reference prediction methods, including weight, engine-rated torque, and three traction equations (Wismer-Luth, ASABE Standard D497.4, and Brixius), using the measured axle torque. Performance evaluation was conducted based on the main variables, including travel speed, tillage depth, and slip ratio. The proposed prediction model was found to be closest to the 1:1 line at all travel speeds, tillage depths, and slip ratios, implying that it can best explain the measured torque values among all prediction models. Compared to the other prediction models, the proposed prediction model’s results under all variable conditions had an R2 of 0.65, MAPE of 2.1%, RMSE of 29 Nm, and RD of 2.7%, indicating excellent prediction of the measured torque. The results show that the developed prediction model can be applied to axle torque prediction by explaining the actual measured axle torque. Keywords: Agricultural tractor, Axle torque, Prediction model, Torque estimation, Traction force.
Physical activity for people living with cancer: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of general practitioners in Australia
Authors: Alderman Georgina , Keegan Richard , Semple Stuart , Toohey Kellie 
Published: November 2020

Background
Healthcare professionals’ (Oncologists, doctors, and nurses) physical activity (PA) recommendations impact patients living with cancer PA levels. General practitioners (GPs) monitor the overall health of patients living with cancer throughout their treatment journey. This is the first study to explore GP’s knowledge, attitudes and practices of PA for patients living with cancer.

Methods
GPs who see patients living with cancer regularly (n = 111) completed a survey based on The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Participants (GP’s) reported knowledge, attitudes, perceived behaviour control and subjective norms of PA within the cancer population. GP recommendation and referral rates of PA were reported. Principal component analysis was conducted to establish a set of survey items aligned to TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norms, perceived control), and multiple regression analyses characterised associations between these predictor variables and (a) recommendation; and (b) referral–of PA to cancer patients.

Results
GPs (n = 111) recommended PA to 41–60% of their patients and referred 1–20% to PA programs. Multiple regression models significantly predicted the percent of patients recommended PA, p < .0005 adj. R2 = 0.40 and referred PA, p < .0005, adj. R2 = 0.21. GP attitudes and perceived behavioural control and GP’s own activity levels were significant predictors of whether patients were recommended and referred for PA, p<0.05.

Conclusion
GPs reported positive attitudes and perceptions towards promoting PA for their patients living with cancer. Despite having a positive correlation between PA recommendations and referral rates, a gap was evident between GP’s PA beliefs and their individual referral practices. More GP’s willing to promote and refer their patients for PA, would improve the physical and mental health outcomes of the cancer population.
Prenatal care coverage and correlates of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Insight from demographic and health surveys of 16 countries
Authors: Awopegba Oluwafemi Emmanuel , Kalu Amarachi , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ajayi Anthony Idowu 
Published: November 2020

Background
Prenatal screening of pregnant women for HIV is central to eliminating mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV. While some countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have scaled up their prevention of MTCT programmes, ensuring a near-universal prenatal care HIV testing, and recording a significant reduction in new infection among children, several others have poor outcomes due to inadequate testing. We conducted a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys (DHS) to assess the coverage of HIV testing during pregnancy and also examine the factors associated with uptake.

Methods
We analysed data of 64,933 women from 16 SSA countries with recent DHS datasets (2015–2018) using Stata version 16. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of prenatal care uptake of HIV testing. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results
Progress in scaling up of prenatal care HIV testing was uneven across SSA, with only 6.1% of pregnant women tested in Chad compared to 98.1% in Rwanda. While inequality in access to HIV testing among pregnant women is pervasive in most SSA countries and particularly in West and Central Africa sub-regions, a few countries, including Rwanda, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia have managed to eliminate wealth and rural-urban inequalities in access to prenatal care HIV testing.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the between countries and sub-regional disparities in prenatal care uptake of HIV testing in SSA. Even though no country has universal coverage of prenatal care HIV testing, East and Southern African regions have made remarkable progress towards ensuring no pregnant woman is left untested. However, the West and Central Africa regions had low coverage of prenatal care testing, with the rich and well educated having better access to testing, while the poor rarely tested. Addressing the inequitable access and coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women is vital in these sub-regions.
Zero-Inflated gaussian mixed models for analyzing longitudinal microbiome data
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Guo Boyi , Yi Nengjun 
Published: November 2020

MotivationThe human microbiome is variable and dynamic in nature. Longitudinal studies could explain the mechanisms in maintaining the microbiome in health or causing dysbiosis in disease. However, it remains challenging to properly analyze the longitudinal microbiome data from either 16S rRNA or metagenome shotgun sequencing studies, output as proportions or counts. Most microbiome data are sparse, requiring statistical models to handle zero-inflation. Moreover, longitudinal design induces correlation among the samples and thus further complicates the analysis and interpretation of the microbiome data.ResultsIn this article, we propose zero-inflated Gaussian mixed models (ZIGMMs) to analyze longitudinal microbiome data. ZIGMMs is a robust and flexible method which can be applicable for longitudinal microbiome proportion data or count data generated with either 16S rRNA or shotgun sequencing technologies. It can include various types of fixed effects and random effects and account for various within-subject correlation structures, and can effectively handle zero-inflation. We developed an efficient Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to fit the ZIGMMs by taking advantage of the standard procedure for fitting linear mixed models. We demonstrate the computational efficiency of our EM algorithm by comparing with two other zero-inflated methods. We show that ZIGMMs outperform the previously used linear mixed models (LMMs), negative binomial mixed models (NBMMs) and zero-inflated Beta regression mixed model (ZIBR) in detecting associated effects in longitudinal microbiome data through extensive simulations. We also apply our method to two public longitudinal microbiome datasets and compare with LMMs and NBMMs in detecting dynamic effects of associated taxa.
Salivary pH as an improvement parameter in patients with periodontitis: A pilot study
Authors: Orozco Páez Jennifer , Contreras de la Rosa Leonora , López Banda Josefyn 
Published: November 2020

Background: The pH is a chemical parameter of saliva widely studied at present, its normal range is between 6.5 and 7.2. Its alteration has been linked to different oral pathologies, such as periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the usefulness of salivary pH measurement as an indicator of improvement in patients with periodontitis and to estimate its possible relationship with the biofilm index and the number of periodontal pockets.
Methods: A descriptive-comparative pilot study was conducted on forty adult patients; one group was conformed by twenty patients with gingivitis and the second one by twenty patients with chronic periodontitis. In both groups was determined the biofilm index, was performed periodontal probing and a salivary sample was taken for salivary pH measurement, before and after periodontal treatment.
Results: the results showed that of 20 periodontitis patients evaluated, 6 (30%) had an initial alkaline pH greater than 7,6 and a moderate positive relationship with the biofilm index was observed (r=0.5277). After treatment, 15(75%) periodontitis patients and 14 (70%) gingivitis patients presented a decrease in this parameter.
Conclusions: there is a variation in the salivary pH after periodontal treatment tending to its restoration, this probably occurs in response to periodontal tissue repair, therefore, pH is a salivary parameter that has potential for monitoring patients with periodontal disease.
Film ethnographique
Authors: Boudreault-Fournier Alexandrine 
Published: November 2020

Le film ethnographique suppose une responsabilité éthique du réalisateur envers l’« autre » inclus dans son film, est souvent basé sur de longues recherches et implique une posture de rapprochement vers l’« autre ». L’histoire du film ethnographique est imbriquée dans l’évolution des questionnements anthropologiques (subjectivité de l’anthropologue, représentation) et des technologies (invention de la caméra à l’épaule, du son synchronisé, cinéma vérité). Il existe plusieurs genres de films ethnographiques (observationnels, participatifs, sensoriels, expérimentaux).
LEONA E O INUSITADO AMOR PELO PASTORINHO
Authors: Ferreira Suelen Amorim , Bráz Milena Batista , Debus Eliane 
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: A presente resenha busca publicizar o livro para infância Leona, a filha do silêncio, de Marcelo Panguana (2018), com ilustrações de Luís Cardoso que integra a coleção “Contos de Moçambique”, composta por 10 volumes que recontam histórias da tradição oral de Moçambique, de autoria de escritores e ilustradores do país. A coleção é construída por histórias tradicionais recontadas com narrativas que revelam a pluralidade e a diversidade cultural do país, permitindo o conhecimento e a ampliação do repertório acerca da multiplicidade do universo moçambicano. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Literatura. Infância. Moçambique.
INTERNET FINANCIAL REPORTING: STUDI KOMPARASI ANTARA ASURANSI JIWA SYARIAH DAN ASURANSI UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Salfia Salfia , Suprayogi Noven 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan Kualitas Pelaporan Keuangan Internet antara asuransi jiwa syariah dan asuransi umum syariah di Indonesia. Indeks IFR terdiri dari empat komponen yaitu, konten, ketepatan waktu, teknologi dan dukungan pengguna. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan uji independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam Kualitas Pelaporan Keuangan Internet antara asuransi jiwa syariah dan asuransi umum syariah. Tidak adanya perbedaan tersebut disebabkan tidak adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kualitas konten, ketepatan waktu, teknologi dan dukungan pengguna IFR antara Asuransi Jiwa Syariah dan Asuransi Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Namun hasil yang diperoleh bahwa asuransi jiwa syariah dan asuransi umum syariah masih belum memberikan kualitas pelaporan keuangan internet yang maksimal atau masih di bawah skor rata-rata 50%.Kata kunci: Pelaporan Keuangan Internet, konten, ketepatan waktu, teknologi, dan dukungan pengguna ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the differences in Internet Financial Reporting Quality between sharia life insurance and sharia general insurance in Indonesia. IFR index consists of four components namely, content, timeliness, technology and user support. This research uses a quantitative approach with an independent sample t-test. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in Internet Financial Reporting Quality between sharia life insurance and sharia general insurance. The absence of these differences is due to the absence of a significant difference between the quality of content, timeliness, technology and user support IFR between Sharia Life Insurance and Sharia General Insurance in Indonesia. However, the results obtained that sharia life insurance and sharia general insurance still do not provide maximum on internet financial reporting quality yet or still below the average score of 50%.Keywords: Internet Financial Reporting, content, timeliness, technology, dan user support
PENGARUH FINANCIAL INCLUSION INDICATOR, GDPPC, ICT, DAN UNEMPLOYMENT TERHADAP NEGARA OIC TAHUN 2004-2018
Authors: Firdauzi Anastasya , Sukmana Raditya 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh dari financial inclusion indicator, GDPPC, ICT, dan unemployment terhadai HDI pada 55 negara OIC. Penelitian ini menggunakan data statistik dari World Bank, IMF, dan UNDP dengan pendekatan kuantitaif dan dianalisis menggunakan panel data. Berdasarkan hasil regresi, semua variabel menunjukkan hasil yang positif signifikan berpengaruh secara simultan pada HDI pada 55 negara OIC. Financial inclusion indicator jumlah atm dan cabang bank berpengaruh secara positif signifikan, sedangkani jumlah akun deposan pada berpengaruh negatif namun tidak signifikan. GDPPC, ICT dan unemployment berpengaruh secara positif signifikan dalam kenaikan HDI pada 55 negara OIC pada tahun 2004-2018Kata Kunci: HDI, Financial Inclusion Indicator, GDPPC, ICT, Unemployment ABSTRACTThis study aims to identify the effects of financial inclusion indicators, GDPPC, ICT, and unemployment for HDI in 55 OIC countries. This study uses statistical data from the World Bank, IMF, and UNDP with a quantitative approach and is analyzed using panel data. Based on the regression results, all variables show a positive and significant effect simultaneously on HDI in 55 OIC countries. The financial inclusion indicator of the number of ATMs and bank branches has a significant positive effect, while the number of depositors' accounts has a negative but insignificant effect. GDPPC, ICT and unemployment had a significant positive effect on the increase in HDI in 55 OIC countries in 2004-2018.Keywords: HDI, Financial Inclusion Indicator, GDPPC, ICT, Unemployment