bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary investigation of the effects of short‐duration, vigorous exercise following sleep restriction, fragmentation and extension on appetite and mood in inactive, middle‐aged men
Authors: Larsen Penelope , Marino Frank E. , Guelfi Kym , Duffield Rob , Skein Melissa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis preliminary study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on appetite and mood following multiple days of sleep disruption (restriction [RES], fragmentation [FRAG]) or sleep extension (EXT), compared to normal sleep (CONT) in inactive, middle‐aged men. Nine men completed four randomised trials initiated by 3 nights (day 1–3) of CONT (6.5–8 hr), RES (4 hr), FRAG (6.5–8 hr, interrupted at 2‐hr intervals) or EXT (10 hr). On day 4 between 08:30 and 11:00 hours, perceived appetite, food cravings, appetite‐related hormones (acylated ghrelin, leptin, peptide tyrosine–tyrosine [PYY]total), glucose, mood states and wellness (stress, fatigue, soreness, and mood) were assessed before (post‐sleep manipulation [SM]) and after (post‐exercise [EX]) a 20‐min vigorous cycling bout (rating of perceived exertion: 15). There was no effect of sleep manipulation or exercise on perceived appetite (p = .34–.62). Some aspects of food craving were altered after RES and EXT, with vigorous exercise attenuating the desire for sweet foods in RES (p = .12). PYYtotal was lower after RES compared to EXT and FRAG (p = .03), but was unaltered by exercise (p = .03). Ghrelin was higher for RES and EXT compared to CONT and FRAG after exercise (p = .001–.03). Total wellness was reduced and total mood disturbance (TMD) was higher after RES and FRAG compared to CONT and EXT (p ≤ .05). However, vigorous exercise countered these changes, with wellness and TMD remaining significantly impaired for FRAG compared to EXT only at this time (p = .02–.03). Vigorous exercise mitigates some aspects of food cravings and counters the impaired mood states that exist after multiple days of restricted and fragmented sleep.
The paradox of regulatory discretion
Authors: Mantzari Despoina , Vantaggiato Francesca Pia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRegulatory authorities in the utilities sector typically employ economic evidence and analysis to make expert discretionary judgments under uncertainty. However, economic analysis does not provide clear answers regarding policy outcomes. This exposes regulators to environmental uncertainty, that is, uncertainty regarding the reactions of other actors in the institutional system to their decisions. When policy outcome and environmental uncertainty are high, discretion takes center stage. Will regulators pursue the course of action suggested by economic analysis and their expert judgment or not? What explains this choice? To answer these questions, we carry out a comparative analysis of three British regulatory authorities in the utilities sector: the Office of Communications, the Office of Gas and Electricity, and the Water Services Regulation Authority. We consider two key sectoral and organizational characteristics: the extent of market competition, and statutory discretion. We rely on interview evidence and documentary analysis and a principal–agent framework. Our analysis reveals a paradox: when environmental and policy outcome uncertainty are high, the higher the regulatory discretion, the lower the role of economic expertise in regulatory decisions. Our findings call for a normative reflection on the role of expertise in regulated sectors.
Effects of cold physical plasma on oral lichen planus: An in vitro study (Effects of CAP on OLP)
Authors: Seebauer Christian , Freund Eric , Hasse Sybille , Miller Vandana , Segebarth Maria , Lucas Christian , Kindler Stefan , Dieke Tobias , Metelmann Hans‐Robert , Daeschlein Georg , Jesse Katja , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , Bekeschus Sander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn the search for more effective and safe treatment avenues, we investigated cold physical plasma as a new treatment modality for therapy of oral lichen planus (OLP).Material and MethodsHealthy and diseased human mucosal tissue samples with a size of 3 mm in diameter obtained from OLP patients were subjected to plasma treatment ex vivo or were left untreated. Tissue sections were quantified for immune‐infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, CD45RA+, and CD45R0+ T cells. Moreover, the tissues' inflammatory profile was assessed by analyzing 12 different cytokines in the surrounding media.ResultsA significantly increased infiltrate of CD8+ and CD45‐R0+ T cells was detected in OLP tissue samples when compared to healthy tissue. A higher concentration of interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, IL8, and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CMF) was detected in OLP samples compared to healthy mucosal tissue. For all cytokines and chemokines investigated, 23 out of 24 comparisons showed a decrease in tendency (significant for IL1β, IL2, IL10, and GM‐CSF) in response to plasma treatment. In ex vivo‐treated tissue, a decrease of T‐cell infiltrate in OLP lesions compared with healthy tissue was observed.ConclusionOur findings suggest cold physical plasma can be a promising therapeutic option for OLP that requires further validation in vivo.
Prevalence and associated factors of wheeze in early infancy
Authors: Sugiura Shiro , Hiramitsu Yoshimichi , Futamura Masaki , Kamioka Naomi , Yamaguchi Chikae , Umemura Harue , Ito Komei , Camargo Carlos A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of wheeze in early childhood and to characterize associated factors for wheeze that could identify potentially feasible interventions for the future prevention of wheeze.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of the data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)‐modified self‐administered questionnaire of parents of 4‐month‐old infants at well‐child visits (mandatory health check‐ups) in Nagoya City, Japan, between April 2016 and March 2017 (development dataset) and between April 2017 and March 2018 (validation dataset). We used a multivariable, multilevel analysis to identify significant (P < 0.05), associated factors (Bonferroni correction was applied as necessary) after adjustment for local outbreaks of virus‐transmitted diseases, access to medical facilities, and socioeconomic status.ResultsAmong the 20 362 questionnaires given to families of infants living in Nagoya City (development dataset), 19 104 questionnaires (93.8%) were analyzed after data cleaning. In all, 1,446 (7.6%) infants experienced wheeze at least once within 4 months of age, 991 (5.2%) visited the clinic/hospital with wheeze, and 244 (1.3%) underwent hospitalization at that time. In the multilevel, multivariable model for hospitalization with wheeze, significant associated factors were male sex (adjusted odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.4–2.3), maternal current smoking (3.3; 2.0–5.5), and having at least one sibling (3.0; 2.2–4.1). These factors were also associated with wheeze and clinic/hospital visit with wheeze, and the results were confirmed in the validation dataset.ConclusionsOur study highlights that smoking cessation among mothers and improved hand hygiene at home are two interventions that could potentially decrease wheeze in early infancy.
The ratio of vision to data: Promoting emergent science and technologies through promissory regulation, the case of the FDA and personalised medicine
Authors: Hogarth Stuart , Martin Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPharmacogenetic tests provide genetic data to tailor drug treatment and were widely predicted to be one of the first fruits of the Human Genome Project. In the mid‐2000s, the US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) became an advocate for pharmacogenetic testing, but its efforts to build a market for this new technology brought the agency into dispute with other regulatory actors over the type of evidence needed for the adoption of pharmacogenetic testing, in particular the importance of randomized control trials. The warfarin case highlights the tension between a new form of promissory regulation driven by future expectations and FDA's established role as protector of public health; and the controversy can be conceptualized as a struggle over regulatory epistemologies within a complex polycentric regulatory space. Our case study addresses two themes central to the burgeoning scholarship on the governance of emergent science and technologies (EST): the political economy of regulation, in particular the role that regulators play in creating markets for EST; and the epistemological politics of regulatory science, in particular the controversy that arises when regulators modify scientific standards to accommodate EST. Linking these two themes is the concept of promissory regulation: the idea that regulatory policy may be shaped by an institutional commitment to the transformational potential of EST. This concept sheds new light on the neo‐mercantilist nature of contemporary regulatory capitalism.
Dynamic Collaboration: The Effects of External Rules and Collaboration Scope on Interlocal Collaboration
Authors: Youm Jisun , Terman Jessica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGovernance structures such as the American system of federalism create the incentive structure and framework for collaboration between local governments. This interlocal collaboration is crucial to helping governments deal with contemporary issues such as energy efficiency and climate policy where collective action can solve problems more successfully. The goal of this study is to examine how external rules such as federal grant regulations and the current scope of interlocal collaboration affect the choice of interlocal collaboration over time. We do this in the context of energy efficiency and climate policy using the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program.
Cancer patients’ experiences of realization of relatives’ participation in hospital care: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Lemetti Terhi , Partanen Elli , Hupli Maija , Haavisto Elina 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundRelatives’ participation in the care of patients with cancer in hospital is essential to both patients and relatives. Although the meaning of relatives’ participation has been recognized, knowledge about how patients experience this participation is rare.AimsTo describe the experiences of patients with cancer of the realization of relatives’ participation in the hospital care.Materials & MethodsA qualitative study with semi‐structured interviews of patients with cancer (n=21) were conducted. Data was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified among patients’ experiences: Relative as part of the patient’s care, Relative supporting patient’s coping process, and Hospital enabling or preventing relatives’ participation. The relatives were available for patients in seeking information and in the decision‐making process. They helped with the daily needs of the patient, and supported patients emotionally and by managing everyday life at home. The behavior and attitudes of the healthcare professionals and the special nature of the hospital played a central role in the experiences.ConclusionThe role of relatives is an important part of the coping process and care of patients with cancer in the hospital.
In vitro thrombus formation and in vivo hemostasis mediated by platelets irradiated with bactericidal ultraviolet C from xenon flash under flow conditions
Authors: Abe Hideki , Endo Kimika , Nogawa Masayuki , Shiba Masayuki , Miyata Shigeki , Satake Masahiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported a flow path–ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation system for platelet concentrates (PCs) with platelet additive solution (PAS) to minimize contamination by bacteria. Here, we investigated functionalities of irradiated platelets (PLTs) in in vitro thrombus formation and in vivo hemostasis.Study Design and MethodsPAS‐PCs were irradiated with flash UVC using the flow path system. Their variables (PLT count, mean platelet volume, pH, glucose, lactate, glycoprotein [GP] Ib, and activated integrin αIIbβ3) were evaluated. Static adhesion to collagen or fibrinogen was analyzed using fluorescent microscopy. Thrombus formation under flow conditions was assessed using a collagen‐coated bead column. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐induced Akt phosphorylation was determined by western blot. In vivo hemostasis and circulatory survival of PLTs were assessed with a rabbit bleeding model.ResultsAll variables, except for GPIb expression, were slightly, but significantly, impaired after flash UVC irradiation throughout the 6‐day storage period. No difference was observed in static adhesion to either collagen or fibrinogen between irradiated and nonirradiated PAS‐PCs. In vitro thrombus formation of flash UVC‐irradiated PAS‐PCs was significantly greater than that of nonirradiated PAS‐PCs. ADP‐induced Akt phosphorylation was enhanced in irradiated PAS‐PCs. In vivo hemostatic efficacy was comparable between the groups on Day 1. The efficacy declined in nonirradiated PAS‐PCs on Day 5, while it was retained in flash UVC‐irradiated PAS‐PCs. Circulatory survival of PLTs was lower in irradiated PAS‐PCs.ConclusionsPAS‐PCs irradiated with UVC from xenon flash have favorable properties to achieve hemostasis compared with nonirradiated PAS‐PCs.
Incompatibility between recipient CD47 and donor SIRPα is not a key risk factor for thrombocytopenia or anemia following rat liver xenotransplantation in mice
Authors: Li Ting , Lv Yanan , Sun Renren , Yang Yong‐Guang , Hu Zheng , Lv Guoyue 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLiver xenotransplantation (LXT) is greatly impeded by severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, and coagulopathy. Hepatic phagocytic cells are thought to play an important role in LXT‐induced thrombocytopenia and anemia. In this study, we investigated whether the lack of recipient CD47‐donor SIRPα interaction, which is known to induce xenograft rejection by macrophages, exacerbates platelet and RBC depletion following LXT. We first addressed this question in the absence of anti‐donor immune responses using a syngeneic mouse liver transplantation (LT) model. Neither wild‐type (WT) nor CD47KO B6 mice developed thrombocytopenia following LT from WT B6 donors. Although a moderate decline in RBCs was detected following LT, there was no significant difference in RBC counts between WT and CD47KO recipients. Because mouse CD47 is cross‐reactive with rat SIRPα, we then compared thrombocytopenia and anemia between WT and CD47KO mice following rat LXT. Unlike syngeneic mouse LT, significant thrombocytopenia and anemia were detected following rat LXT. However, the severities of both platelet and RBC depletions were comparable between WT and CD47KO recipients. Furthermore, WT and CD47KO recipients showed a similar extent of early platelet activation. Our results indicate that CD47‐SIRPα signaling does not significantly affect the loss of platelets or RBCs following LXT, suggesting that the limited cross‐reactivity between recipient CD47 and donor SIRPα is not a significant risk factor for LXT‐induced thrombocytopenia and anemia.
Convection-Enhanced Arborizing Catheter System Improves Local/Regional Delivery of Infusates Versus a Single-Port Catheter in Ex Vivo Porcine Brain Tissue
Authors: Elenes Egleide Y. , Mehta Jason N. , Hsu Fang-Chi , Whitlow Christopher T. , Debinski Waldermar , Rossmeisl John , Tatter Stephen , Rylander Christopher G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStandard treatment for glioblastoma is noncurative and only partially effective. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) was developed as an alternative approach for effective loco-regional delivery of drugs via a small catheter inserted into the diseased brain. However, previous CED clinical trials revealed the need for improved catheters for controlled and satisfactory distribution of therapeutics. In this study, the arborizing catheter, consisting of six infusion ports, was compared to a reflux-preventing single-port catheter. Infusions of iohexol at a flow rate of 1 μL/min/microneedle were performed, using the arborizing catheter on one hemisphere and a single-port catheter on the contralateral hemisphere of excised pig brains. The volume dispersed (Vd) of the contrast agent was quantified for each catheter. Vd for the arborizing catheter was significantly higher than for the single-port catheter, 2235.8 ± 569.7 mm3 and 382.2 ± 243.0 mm3, respectively (n = 7). Minimal reflux was observed; however, high Vd values were achieved with the arborizing catheter. With simultaneous infusion using multiple ports of the arborizing catheter, high Vd was achieved at a low infusion rate. Thus, the arborizing catheter promises a highly desirable large volume of distribution of drugs delivered to the brain for the purpose of treating brain tumors.
Probabilistic Burst Strength Evaluation of a Filament Wound Composite Pressure Vessel
Authors: Yetgin Ali , Özaslan Emre , Acar Bülent 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nowadays composite materials are used in many different applications, such as aerospace, automotive, sport, energy due to their superior material properties in terms of high strength to weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, and great damage tolerance. One important component produced from these composite materials is pressure vessels that are generally exposed to internal pressure loading. Mechanical performance of the pressure vessel directly depends on various parameters such as material properties or winding angle etc. However, it is well known that the material properties of composites are generally dispersed. The main concern of this study is to investigate the mechanical performance of a filament wound pressure vessel in terms of first ply failure (FPF) and burst pressure under internal pressure loading taking into account uncertainty of material properties and winding angles for different layers. The distributions for each material property were found by material characterization tests and goodness-of-fit test. The winding angle was selected as a random variable. Different statistical distribution types were compared to show the effect of distribution type. Monte Carlo Simulation (MC) was performed to predict the distribution function of the mechanical response. Finite element analysis was performed to obtain stress distribution of the pressure vessel. Both stochastic FPF and burst pressure predictions were verified by test results. Also, the finite element analysis was verified by strain gauge measurements that were located on the different regions of pressure vessel. The study was performed for two different ambient temperature to show the effect of different temperatures on the material properties for composite materials. Effects of each selected parameters on the FPF and burst pressure were discussed. Probabilistic analysis showed the importance of considering the uncertainty of material properties and the winding angle to predict the mechanical performance of composite pressure vessels.
Visualization of Trapped Hydrogen Along Grain Boundaries and its Roles on Hydrogen-Induced Intergranular Fracture in Slow Strain Rate Tensile Testing of Pure Nickel
Authors: Wada Kentaro , Yamabe Junichiro , Matsunaga Hisao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It has been reported that hydrogen accumulation along grain boundaries (GBs) is an important process in the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in pure Ni. However, there are no quantitative studies that elucidate the behavior of hydrogen accumulation and its effect on HE. Consequently, the segregating behavior of hydrogen along GBs and its role in intergranular (IG) fracture in pure Ni were examined in the present research, via a combination of thermal desorption analysis, secondary iron mass spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy and slow strain rate tensile testing. It was successfully demonstrated that the hydrogen trapped at GBs and the sulfur segregated along GBs contributed to the hydrogen-trapping. In addition, the contribution of trapped hydrogen on the hydrogen-induced ductility loss was quantitatively investigated. The results revealed a decreased reduction in area (RA) with a concomitant increase in trap-site occupancy, implying that the trapped hydrogen controlled the hydrogen-induced IG fracture and ductility loss in pure Ni.
Research on the Seismic Analysis and Optimization of High Flux Reactor Nuclear Power Piping System Based on Multi-Point Response Spectrum Method
Authors: Huang Xuan , Shen Pingchuan , Liu Shuai , Liu Jian , Jiang Xiaozhou , Yu Xiaofei , Xie Hai , Shi Kaikai , Ji Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High flux reactor is an important engineering test reactor, which can be used in irradiation research of materials, chemistry, isotopes, medicine and other fields. In the high flux reactor coolant system, there are a large number of nuclear pipes and the layout is complex. The optimization of seismic analysis method for reactor coolant system is an important part in the design process to ensure the nuclear pipes meet the design specifications. The traditional single point response spectrum method needs to envelope the response spectrum of different floors as the analysis input. This method is difficult to give the reasonable seismic load to the numerous nuclear pipes and it will increase the design cost and the difficulty of safety analysis about nuclear pipe. In this paper, an optimized seismic analysis method of reactor coolant system is proposed. By using the multi-point response spectrum method, the optimization of different excitation loading modes for different constrained support points is realized. The analysis results show that the multi-point response spectrum method can solve the problem that different support points are located at different elevation floors in the reactor coolant system, which makes the calculation results more accurate and reasonable. Compared with the traditional method, it can make the design more efficient and practical.
Deployment of Laser Peening to Prevent CISCC of Nuclear Fuel Dry Storage Canisters
Authors: Hackel Lloyd , Rankin Jon , Walter Matt , Dane C. Brent , Neuman William , Oneid Pierre , Thomas Gareth , Bidrawn Fred 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
By generating very deep levels of compressive stress, laser peening can eliminate stress corrosion cracking of materials of use in the nuclear industry; tested materials include Alloys N06600 (Inconel 600), N06690 (Inconel 690), N06022 (Alloy C22) and stainless steels K44220 (300M), S30400 (304) and S31600 (316L). In this work we take a further step in direct application to the welds of multi-purpose canisters (MPCs) employed for dry storage of spent fuel at nuclear plants. This storage is a temporary approach awaiting interim or permanent storage.. For storage in coastal, lakeside and even humid environments, air-entrained chlorides can make the canister welds susceptible to pitting and chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC). Using ASTM G36 (2013) accelerated corrosive testing we evaluated CISCC lifetimes of welded 316L stainless steel canister plates configured to MPC geometry showing in excess of 19 times lifetime increase of laser peened panel sections vs. those left as-welded. Specifically cracks never developed within and were arrested when propagating into the laser peened area. We measured residual stress in test plates and related it to calculations of stress intensity and depth expected in the full canister geometry. We discuss the relevance of stress depth to pitting depth and crack growth rates. Our two-dimensional stress mapping shows that high energy laser peening provides deep (&gt; 5 mm) plastic compression in the canister material and geometry. In parallel, as we gained customer and NRC approvals, we developed and deployed the hardware and control technology that enabled a transportable system to peen canisters welds during the fabrication process. The canisters are now loaded or in process of being loaded at the San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant.