bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated UAS and LiDAR reveals the importance of land cover and flood magnitude on the formation of incipient chute holes and chute cutoff development
Authors: Lewis Quinn W. , Edmonds Douglas A. , Yanites Brian J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMeandering river sinuosity increases until the channel erodes into itself (neck cutoff) or forms a new channel over the floodplain (chute cutoff) and sinuosity is reduced. Unlike neck cutoff, which can be measured or modelled without considering overbank processes, chute cutoff must be at least partially controlled by channel‐forming processes on the floodplain. Even though chute cutoff controls meandering river form, the processes that cause chute cutoff are not well understood. This study analyses the morphology of two incipient chute cutoffs along the East Fork White River, Indiana, USA, using high temporal and spatial resolution UAS‐based LiDAR and aerial photography. LiDAR and aerial imagery obtained between 1998 and 2019 reveals that large scour holes formed in the centre of both chutes sometime after chute channel initiation. A larger analysis within the study watershed reveals that scour holes within incipient chutes can be stable or unstable, and tend to stabilize when the chute is colonized by native vegetation and forest. When the scour holes form in farmed floodplain, they enlarge rapidly after initial formation and contribute to complete chute cutoff. In addition, this study shows that the formation of scour holes can occur in response to common, relatively low‐magnitude floods and that the amount of incipient chute erosion does not depend on peak flood magnitude. The role of scour holes in enlarging chute channels could be an important mechanism for chute channel evolution in meandering rivers. This study also confirms that understanding the relationships among flow, land cover, and cutoff morphology is substantially improved with on‐demand remote sensing techniques like integrated UAS and LiDAR. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Token system‐based efficient route optimization in mobile ad hoc network for vehicular ad hoc network in smart city
Authors: Sultanuddin S. J. , Ali Hussain Md. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a well‐known wireless hoc network, which several nodes combined together to form a network. These nodes do not have any structure that forms network by self‐configuring. In the global area, MANET is one of the popular technologies. At present, the most important real‐time challenge in MANET is efficient routing. This is because of dynamic topology and resource constraints. Several existing researcher's workfare were done in an achieving efficient routing mechanism. In our work, we propose a token agent‐based route planning protocol for achieving reliable routing. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is advanced concept of the MANET. VANET can be performed in various smart cities, and it travels each city from source to destination. This token system consists of a token agent that monitors and operates the whole network. The tokens are responsible for collecting nodes activity details such as mobile node energy, node location, and speed. Later, its current and previous information is up‐to‐date and inmate to the token agent for further process in the network. Our proposed routing protocol is well applicable for typical application and a multimedia application. In order to transfer typical packets, our proposed scheme finds the shortest path based on the collect the information.
Market making under a weakly consistent limit order book model
Authors: Law Baron , Viens Frederi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe develop a new market‐making model, from the ground up, which is tailored toward high‐frequency trading under a limit order book (LOB), based on the well‐known classification of order types in market microstructure. Our flexible framework allows arbitrary order volume, price jump, and bid‐ask spread distributions as well as the use of market orders. It also honors the consistency of price movements upon arrivals of different order types. For example, it is apparent that prices should never go down on buy market orders. In addition, it respects the price‐time priority of LOB. In contrast to the approach of regular control on diffusion as in the classical Avellaneda and Stoikov (Quantitative Finance, 8, 217, 2008) market‐making framework, we exploit the techniques of optimal switching and impulse control on marked point processes, which have proven to be very effective in modeling the order book features. The Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman quasi‐variational inequality (HJBQVI) associated with the control problem can be solved numerically via finite‐difference method. We illustrate our optimal trading strategy with a full numerical analysis, calibrated to the order book statistics of a popular exchanged‐traded fund (ETF). Our simulation shows that the profit of market‐making can be severely overstated under LOBs with inconsistent price movements.
Advanced low‐dimensional carbon materials for flexible devices
Authors: Das Chandreyee M. , Kang Lixing , Ouyang Qingling , Yong Ken‐Tye 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe live in a digitized era, where we are completely surrounded by a plethora of automated electronic systems, be it a smart home energy controller or a self‐operated diagnostic kiosk in a clinic. With the recent advent of one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials like carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene, the world of electronics has revolutionized with state‐of‐the‐art product paradigms. These nanomaterials possess desirable features of large surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and high mechanical strength. Electronic devices made out of these materials have the added advantages of being flexible, light‐weight, and durable. Thus, present‐day devices that utilize these substances as channel or electrode materials have been able to undergo a positive transformation as compared with conventional structures. Flexibility and bendability are some of the coveted aesthetics of modern‐day electronics and the use of these 1D and 2D nanomaterials imparts such features to the devices, without having to compromise on key output characteristics like sensitivity and efficiency. In this short review, we discuss about various new configurations that are based on graphene, CNT, and other materials like transition metal dichalcogenides, and how these materials have been able to metamorphose the attributes of conventional devices.image
Recent progress on flexible nanogenerators toward self‐powered systems
Authors: Liu Yiming , Wang Lingyun , Zhao Ling , Yu Xinge , Zi Yunlong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe advances in wearable/flexible electronics have triggered tremendous demands for flexible power sources, where flexible nanogenerators, capable of converting mechanical energy into electricity, demonstrate its great potential. Here, recent progress on flexible nanogenerators for mechanical energy harvesting toward self‐powered systems, including flexible piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerator, is reviewed. The emphasis is mainly on the basic working principle, the newly developed materials and structural design as well as associated typical applications for energy harvesting, sensing, and self‐powered systems. In addition, the progress of flexible hybrid nanogenerator in terms of its applications is also highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives toward flexible self‐powered systems are reviewed.image
GZ17‐6.02 initiates DNA damage causing autophagosome‐dependent HDAC degradation resulting in enhanced anti‐PD1 checkpoint inhibitory antibody efficacy
Authors: Booth Laurence , Roberts Jane L. , West Cameron , Von Hoff Daniel , Dent Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOur studies examined the molecular mechanisms by which the novel cancer therapeutic GZ17‐6.02 (NCT03775525) killed GI tumor cells. TZ17‐6.02 activated ATM which was responsible for increased phosphorylation of nuclear γH2AX and AMPKα T172. ATM‐AMPK signaling was responsible for the subsequent inactivation of mTORC1 and mTORC2, dephosphorylation of ULK1 S757, and increased phosphorylation of ULK1 S317 and of ATG13 S318, which collectively caused enhanced autophagosome formation. GZ17‐6.02 interacted with 5‐fluorouracil in an additive to greater than additive fashion to kill all of the tested GI tumor cell types. This was associated with greater ATM activation and a greater mammalian target of rapamycin inactivation and autophagosome induction. As a result, autophagy‐dependent degradation of multiple histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins and chaperone proteins occurred. Loss of HDAC expression was causal in reduced expression of programed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), ornithine decarboxylase, and indole amine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO1) and in the elevated expression of major histocompatibility complex Class IA (MHCA). Treatment with GZ17‐6.02 also resulted in enhanced efficacy of a subsequently administered anti‐PD1 checkpoint inhibitory antibody. Thus, the primary mode of GZ17‐6.02 action is to induce a DNA damage response concomitant with ATM activation, that triggers a series of interconnected molecular events that result in tumor cell death and enhanced immunogenicity.
TRIM59, amplified in ovarian cancer, promotes tumorigenesis through the MKP3/ERK pathway
Authors: Tong Xiaojing , Mu Peng , Zhang Yuhua , Zhao Jiao , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTripartite motif containing 59 (TRIM59) functions as an oncoprotein in various human cancers including ovarian cancer. In this study, we found that TRIM59 gene amplification was prevalent in ovarian cancer tissues, and its amplification was significantly correlated with poorer overall survival. Moreover, knockdown of TRIM59 in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells, which had relatively high level of TRIM59, suppressed glucose uptake and lactate production. TRIM59 knockdown also decreased the expression of c‐Myc and lactate dehydrogenase A, and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). TRIM59 overexpression in A2780 cells, which expressed low level of TRIM59, showed reverse effects. Notably, treatment with an ERK inhibitor (PD98059) completely abolished the oncogenic effects of TRIM59 overexpression. Interestingly, TRIM59 increased the ubiquitination of MAP kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP3), which may dephosphorylate and inactivate ERK. Ectopic expression of MKP3 inhibited the promoting effects of TRIM59 on glycolysis and the phosphorylation of ERK. TRIM59 protein expression was negatively correlated with MKP3 protein expression in ovarian cancer tissues. Finally, TRIM59 amplification potently affected the anticancer effect of 3‐bromopyruvate, an inhibitor of glycolysis, in ovarian cancer cells and patient‐derived xenograft. In conclusion, these results suggest that TRIM59 may regulate glycolysis in ovarian cancer via the MKP3/ERK pathway.
Evolution of epimorphosis in mammals
Authors: Muneoka Ken , Dawson Lindsay A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMammalian epimorphic regeneration is rare and digit tip regeneration in mice is the best‐studied model for a multi‐tissue regenerative event that involves blastema formation. Digit tip regeneration parallels human fingertip regeneration, thus understanding the details of this response can provide insight into developing strategies to expand the potential of human regeneration. Following amputation, the digit stump undergoes a strong histolytic response involving osteoclast‐mediated bone degradation that is spatially and temporally linked to the expansion of blastema osteoprogenitor cells. Blastemal differentiation occurs via direct intramembranous ossification. Although robust, digit regeneration is imperfect: The amputated cortical bone is replaced with woven bone and there is excessive bone regeneration restricted to the dorsal–ventral axis. Ontogenetic and phylogenetic analysis of digit regeneration in amphibians and mammals raise the possibility that mammalian blastema is a product of convergent evolution and we hypothesize that digit tip regeneration evolved from a nonregenerative precondition. A model is proposed in which the mammalian blastema evolved in part from an adaptation of two bone repair strategies (the bone remodeling cycle and fracture healing) both of which are conserved across tetrapod vertebrates. The view that epimorphic regeneration evolved in mammals from a nonregenerative precondition is supported by recent studies demonstrating that complex regenerative responses can be induced from a number of different nonregenerative amputation wounds by specific modification of the healing response.
Magnetic resonance imaging reveals specific anatomical changes in the brain of Agat‐ and Gamt‐mice attributed to creatine depletion and guanidinoacetate alteration
Authors: Sinha Ankit , Ahmed Sohail , George Chris , Tsagaris Melina , Naufer Amriya , von Both Ingo , Tkachyova Ilona , van Eede Matthijs , Henkelman Mark , Schulze Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArginine:glycine amidinotransferase‐ and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency are severe neurodevelopmental disorders. It is not known whether mouse models of disease express a neuroanatomical phenotype. High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with advanced image analysis was performed in perfused, fixed mouse brains encapsulated with the skull from male, 10‐12 week old Agat
‐exc and B6J.Cg‐Gamt
tm1Isb mice (n = 48; n = 8 per genotype, strain). T2‐weighted MRI scans were nonlinearly aligned to a 3D atlas of the mouse brain with 62 structures identified. Local differences in brain shape related to genotype were assessed by analysis of deformation fields. Creatine (Cr) and guanidinoacetate (GAA) were measured with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in brain homogenates (n = 24; n = 4 per genotype, strain) after whole‐body perfusion. Cr was decreased in the brain of Agat‐ and Gamt mutant mice. GAA was decreased in Agat−/− and increased in Gamt−/−. Body weight and brain volume were lower in Agat−/− than in Gamt−/−. The analysis of entire brain structures revealed corpus callosum, internal capsule, fimbria and hypothalamus being different between the genotypes in both strains. Eighteen and fourteen significant peaks (local areas of difference in relative size) were found in Agat‐ and Gamt mutants, respectively. Comparing Agat−/− with Gamt−/−, we found changes in three brain regions, lateral septum, amygdala, and medulla. Intra‐strain differences in four brain structures can be associated with Cr deficiency, while the inter‐strain differences in three brain structures of the mutant mice may relate to GAA. Correlating these neuroanatomical findings with gene expression data implies the role of Cr metabolism in the developing brain and the importance of early intervention in patients with Cr deficiency syndromes.
Fetal Response to a Maternal Internal Auditory Stimulus
Authors: Goldberg Estee , McKenzie Charles A. , de Vrijer Barbra , Eagleson Roy , de Ribaupierre Sandrine 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundFunctional MRI (fMRI) is a noninvasive method to investigate the neural correlates of brain development. Insight into the rapidly developing brain in utero is limited, and fetal fMRI can be used to gain a greater understanding of the developmental process. Fetal brain fMRI is typically limited to resting‐state fMRI due to the difficulty to instruct or provide a stimulus to the fetus. Previous studies have employed auditory task fMRI with an external sound stimulus directly on the abdomen of the mother; however, this practice has since been deemed unsafe for the developing fetus.PurposeTo investigate a reliable and safe paradigm to study the development of fetal brain networks, we postulated that an internal task, such as the mother's singing, as the auditory stimulus would result in activation in the fetal primary auditory cortex.Study typeCohort.PopulationPregnant women with singleton pregnancies (n = 9; 33–38 weeks gestational age).Field Strength/SequenceAll subjects underwent two task‐based block design blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) at 1.5T or 3T.AssessmentEach volume was assessed for fetal motion and manually reoriented and realigned to correct for fetal motion. Once the motion was corrected, a gestational age‐matched parcellated atlas with regions of interest overlaid onto the activation map was used to determine which regions in the brain had activation during task phases.Statistical TestsFirst Level Analysis. MRI data were analyzed using SPM 12 as a task fMRI.ResultsEight subjects had activation on the right Heschl's gyrus; six fetuses demonstrated activation on the left when exposed to the internal acoustic stimulus. Additionally, activation was found on the right and left middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and the left putamen.Data ConclusionMaternal singing can be used as an internal stimulus to activate the auditory network and Heschl's gyrus during fetal fMRI.Level of Evidence 2Technical Efficacy Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:139–145.
Classical human astroviruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic children of Goiás, Brazil: Positivity rates, viral loads, and molecular characterization
Authors: Barbosa Gabriela , Caetano Amanda , Dábilla Nathânia , Franco Fernanda , Silva‐Sales Marcelle , Fiaccadori Fabíola , Souza Menira 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClassical human astroviruses (HAstV) are agents of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE), being predominant among children. There are only a few studies reporting HAstV loads in samples from patients with AGE, data are even scarcer regarding asymptomatic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and estimate the viral load of HAstV and to perform molecular characterization of positive samples obtained from children, up to 6 years old, with and without AGE. One fecal sample was obtained from each of the 250 children enrolled in the study, from May 2014 to April 2015. Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR TaqMan) was performed, followed by a conventional RT‐PCR directed to ORF2, region C, of the positive samples. Then, these amplicons were sequenced and a phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the HAstV‐1 lineages. A global positivity index of 3.2% (8 of 250) was observed for HAstV with a similar frequency (50%) in both symptomatic and asymptomatic group. Viral loads ranged from 2.8 × 105 to 1.6 × 1011 genome copy/mL Four samples were characterized as HAstV‐1, lineage 1a and two as HAstV‐4, lineage 4c. Our findings show similar HAstV positivity rates for children with and without AGE, providing evidence of HAstV‐1a and HAstV‐4c lineage cocirculation in the Central West region of Brazil. Data contributes to the molecular epidemiology of these agents in the region.
Successful Treatment of Riehl's Melanosis With Mid‐Fluence Q‐Switched Nd:YAG 1064‐nm Laser
Authors: Cho Mi Yeon , Roh Mi Ryung 
Published: January 2020

Background and ObjectivesRiehl's melanosis is a chronic acquired hyperpigmentation disorder that causes significant cosmetic problems for patients with this condition. Several treatment options, including low‐fluence Q‐switched Nd:YAG (QSNY) 1064‐nm laser treatment, have been attempted with inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of mid‐fluence QSNY 1064‐nm laser in the treatment of Riehl's melanosis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on patients repetitively treated with mid‐fluence (3.5–5 J/cm2 with a spot size of 5 mm and a pulse rate of 10 Hz) QSNY 1064‐nm laser. Twenty‐one patients with Riehl's melanosis were involved. Clinical photographs, treatment parameters, and side effects were reviewed to assess the safety and efficacy of the modality.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 57.00 ±8.2 years, and there were 20 female patients and 1 male patient. The mean number of treatment sessions was 5.95 ± 3.6, and the mean interval between each session was 39.12 ± 13.4 days. After treatment, the mean melasma area and severity index score decreased from 12.53 ± 10.2 to 5.98 ± 5.3. At the final visit, 16 of the 21 (76.1%) patients were considered to have moderately or very much improved. No severe side effects were observed.ConclusionsRepetitive mid‐fluence QSNY 1064‐nm laser treatment may be an effective and safe optional modality for Riehl's melanosis. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Outcome of Early Ablative Fractional Laser Treatment for Thyroidectomy Scars
Authors: You Hi‐Jin , Choi Young‐Soo , Hwang Na‐Hyun , Kim Deok‐Woo , Oh Kyoung Ho , Kwon Soon Young 
Published: January 2020

Background and ObjectivesAblative fractional laser (AFL) systems are commonly used to treat various scars, and recent research has indicated that early treatment with AFL may have a preventive effect on scars. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of early treatment with a 10,600 nm carbon dioxide (CO2) AFL on thyroidectomy scars and compare it to late (conventional) treatment for the same and untreated controls.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe performed a prospective, evaluator‐blinded, split‐scar study on fresh thyroidectomy scars between July 2014 and July 2017. Scars were divided into two equal portions. Early AFL treatment had begun 1 month after surgery; five sessions on the right half of the scar was performed at 1‐month intervals. Late AFL treatment followed for 1 month after the final early treatment session on the left half of the scar at the same interval. The scars were evaluated at 6 and 11 months postoperatively using scar analysis scales and patient questionnaires.ResultsTwenty‐four out of 28 patients completed the study. The mean decrease in Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores was significantly higher for the early treated right halves of the scars both at the 6th month (vs. untreated controls) and at the 11th month (vs. late treated controls). The VSS subset analysis showed that the early treated sides had significantly greater improvement in pliability and height than the control sides at each point of evaluation.ConclusionsEarly postoperative AFL treatment is safe and effective in improving linear surgical scars, such as thyroidectomy scars, and may be a promising option for scar prevention. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compact dual band‐notched UWB multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna for portable applications
Authors: Liu Han , Kang Guoqin , Jiang Shuiqiao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA compact ultra‐wideband (UWB) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with dual band‐notched characteristics for portable applications is proposed in this article. The antenna is fed by coplanar waveguide and has four feeding ports with the size of 50 × 50 mm2. By etching split‐ring resonator slots on the radiation patches, dual notches filtering out the 3.5 GHz WiMAX and 5.5 GHz WLAN bands can be achieved. The design process is given step‐by‐step and the band‐notched mechanism is studied with the surface current distributions. Moreover, the band‐notched characteristics of cylindrical conformal antenna is analyzed in this article. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna can be widely used in UWB communication system with good radiation characteristics, stable gain, and low envelope correlation coefficient. The idea embodied in this article can also be used to guide for the research of band‐notched conformal UWB MIMO antenna.