bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPASS: localization in laparoscopic visceral surgery
Authors: Hartwig Regine , Ostler Daniel , Feußner Hubertus , Berlet Maximilian , Yu Kevin , Rosenthal Jean-Claude , Wilhelm Dirk 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tracking of surgical instruments is an essential step towards the modernization of the surgical workflow by a comprehensive surgical landscape guidance system (COMPASS). Real-time tracking of a laparoscopic camera used in minimally-invasive surgery is required for applications in surgical workflow documentation, machine learning, image-localization, and intra-operative visualization. In our approach, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) assists the tool tracking in situations when no line-of-sight is available for infrared (IR) based tracking of the laparoscopic camera. The novelty of this approach lies in the localization method adjusted for the laparoscopic visceral surgery, particularly when the line-of-sight is lost. It is based on IMU tracking and the positioning of the trocar entry point. The trocar entry point is the remote center of motion (RCM), reducing degrees of freedom. We developed a method to tackle localization and a real-time tool for position and orientation estimation. The main error sources are given and evaluated in a test scenario. It reveals that for small changes in penetration length (e.g., pivoting), the IMU’s accuracy determines the error.
Infrared marker tracking with the HoloLens for neurosurgical interventions
Authors: Kunz Christian , Maurer Paulina , Kees Fabian , Henrich Pit , Marzi Christian , Hlaváč Michal , Schneider Max , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Patient tracking is an essential part in a surgical augmented reality system for correct hologram to patient registration. Augmented reality can support a surgeon with visual assistance to navigate more precisely during neurosurgical interventions. In this work, a system for patient tracking based on infrared markers is proposed. These markers are widely used in medical applications and meet the special medical requirements such as sterilizability. A tracking accuracy of 0.76 mm is achieved when using the near field reflectivity and depth sensor of the HoloLens. On the HoloLens a performance of 55–60 fps is reached, which grants a sufficiently stable placement of the holograms in the operating room.
Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides using response surface methodology
Authors: Song Jitian , Dongqi Shi , Hang Su , Yongxia Feng , Wei Tian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ultrasonic extraction was a new development method to achieve high-efficiency extraction of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides instead of hot water extraction. In this paper, the single factor method combined with the box Behnken design of response surface method was used to study the influence of extraction time, extraction temperature, material liquid ratio and ultrasonic power on the extraction rate of L. barbarum polysaccharide. The results indicated that the best extraction rate of L. barbarum polysaccharide was 12.54 ± 0.12% under the conditions of 80 min for extraction time, 73 °C for extraction temperature, 1 g:38 mL for material to liquid ratio, and 185 W for ultrasonic power. Under the same operating conditions, the yield of L. barbarum polysaccharide using ultrasonic extraction was 83.3%, which was higher than that hot water extraction. Moreover, the extraction time of ultrasonic extraction was only 47% of that using hot water extraction. This suggested that there was great potentials of using ultrasonic extraction in the realization of high-efficiency extraction of L. barbarum polysaccharide. The results of this study could also provide a theoretical basis for the coupling of ultrasonic extraction and ultrasonic concentration process to develop the integrated equipment of both ultrasonic extraction and ultrasonic concentration.
COVID-19 and the US Lettuce Supply Chain: Implications for Farmworker Health and Safety and a Secure Supply
Authors: Loker Ali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed multiple vulnerabilities in the U.S. lettuce value chain. Restaurants and other food service operations closed almost overnight, leaving farmers with millions of dollars of excess lettuce. Because of the rigid value chain, farmers were forced to decide whether to harvest their crops for donation, try to find new customers, or plow their crops under. Close working and living conditions increase farmworkers’ risk of contracting COVID-19. Though many operations have implemented safety measures to protect farmworkers from COVID-19 in the short-term, larger structural changes must be made to provide workers with fair wages, access to health insurance and paid time off, and affordable housing. This review outlines the current value chain of lettuce in the U.S. and the disruptions caused by COVID-19, analyzes the impacts on farmworker health and safety, and offers recommendations for a more resilient lettuce value chain.
The Effect of Constitutional Commitment to Social Security on Social Expenditure Schemes
Authors: Cammeraat Emile 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of constitutional commitment to social security (CCSS) on different categories of social expenditure. For this purpose, we use a pooled cross sectional database for 17 EU-countries from 1990 till 2012. We run OLS models, 2SLS regression models and the Heckman two step model, using the rigidity of the constitution as instrumental variable to correct for possible endogeneity. A positive effect of constitutional commitment to social security is found on total social expenditure and on all four categories of social security spending: old age and survivor, incapacity, unemployment and active labor market policies (ALMPs). The largest effect sizes, expressed as a percentage of average spending, are found for expenditure on unemployment and ALMPs. This shows that constitutional commitment to social security has the largest effect on social expenditure schemes targeted at people who are perceived as less deserving by the public opinion.
O que tem afastado os jovens da participação política? Uma análise do caso de São Borja-RS
Authors: Weirich Fernanda , De Azevedo Domingos Sávio Campos 
Published: September 2020

O artigo em questão trata sobre uma pesquisa realizada na cidade de São Borja - RS, na qual buscamos captar e depois analisar os motivos que tem afastado os jovens, com direito facultativo ao voto, da participação política convencional na democracia representativa, que é o voto. Para isso a pesquisa foi realizada com jovens na faixa etária de 16 e 17 anos de idade, que não tinham tirado o título de eleitor, a fim de captar de forma mais clara as motivações e as influências que fazem com que os jovens que tenham o direito de votar não se utilizem do mesmo. Consideramos a participação política muito importante para um regime democrático representativo, como é o caso do Brasil, devido a isso o artigo visa colocar o assunto em pauta e contribuir para a temática. Ao decorrer do artigo iremos discorrer sobre alguns conceitos que são necessários para compreender a pesquisa, tais como cultura política, socialização política, confiança e participação política. E por fim, trazer algumas considerações sobre os resultados achados na pesquisa de campo.
Participação Popular no Brasil: uma análise sobre o plebiscito, referendo, iniciativa popular, recall e veto popular.
Authors: Hamerski Bruna 
Published: September 2020

O artigo visa demonstrar o nível de Participação Popular, no caso brasileiro, a respeito dos instrumentos plebiscito, referendo, iniciativa popular, recall e veto popular, sob a perspectiva da teoria de Sherry Arnstein. Parte-se do pressuposto da importância de práticas de gestão participativa vinculantes, onde se possa verificar de forma concreta a Participação Popular. Em termos metodológicos, partiu-se de análise de conteúdo, da regulamentação dos instrumentos de participação. Posteriormente, buscou-se verificar em que degraus da escala de participação se encaixam os instrumentos. Os resultados demonstram um déficit democrático, tendo em vista que os instrumentos vigentes não se enquadram em degraus superiores da escala de participação. Conclui-se que a Participação Popular no caso brasileiro ainda necessita passar por muitos avanços, tanto por parte da Sociedade Civil, pressionando a agenda governamental, quanto por parte do Estado, no sentido de regulamentação de práticas mais eficazes de controle social e ambiciosas no ponto de vista da Participação Popular.
A condição estatística da violência policial em Campinas contra jovens acusados de atos infracionais
Authors: Ribeiro Marina de Oliveira , Silva Luana Barbosa da 
Published: September 2020

O principal propósito desta pesquisa é analisar como acontece o uso da violência física por agentes de segurança estatal na abordagem e apreensão de adolescentes acusados de práticas infracionais. Para tal, a análise se direcionou para a relação entre juventude(s) e os agentes de segurança pública estatais, mais especificamente, as polícias. Para a análise da violência na relação juventude-polícia na região de Campinas, examinamos dados e procedimentos administrativos de apuração de violência contra adolescentes por agentes de segurança pública, conduzidos e concedidos para esta pesquisa pela Promotoria de Justiça Cível de Campinas, do Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo.
Only Hyperuricemia with Crystalluria, but not Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia, Drives Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sellmayr Markus , Hernandez Petzsche Moritz Roman , Ma Qiuyue , Krüger Nils , Liapis Helen , Brink Andreas , Lenz Barbara , Angelotti Maria Lucia , Gnemmi Viviane , Kuppe Christoph , Kim Hyojin , Bindels Eric Moniqué Johannes , Tajti Ferenc , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Lech Maciej , Kramann Rafael , Romagnani Paola , Anders Hans-Joachim , Steiger Stefanie 
Published: September 2020

Significance Statement
The role of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in the progression of CKD has been unclear due to lack of animal models with clinically relevant uric acid (UA) levels. A new mouse model reveals that persistent asymptomatic hyperuricemia (approximately 15 mg/dl) does not cause CKD, nor accelerate progression, unless UA crystallizes in acidic tubular fluid. Crystallization initially causes tubular injury, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis, and subsequently granulomatous interstitial nephritis with perilesional proinflammatory M1-like macrophage infiltrates. Modulating the M1-like macrophage phenotype, but not JAK/STAT inhibition, attenuates granulomatous nephritis.

Background
The roles of asymptomatic hyperuricemia or uric acid (UA) crystals in CKD progression are unknown. Hypotheses to explain links between UA deposition and progression of CKD include that (1) asymptomatic hyperuricemia does not promote CKD progression unless UA crystallizes in the kidney; (2) UA crystal granulomas may form due to pre-existing CKD; and (3) proinflammatory granuloma-related M1-like macrophages may drive UA crystal-induced CKD progression.

Methods
MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, 3D confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry were used to characterize a novel mouse model of hyperuricemia and chronic UA crystal nephropathy with granulomatous nephritis. Interventional studies probed the role of crystal-induced inflammation and macrophages in the pathology of progressive CKD.

Results
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia alone did not cause CKD or drive the progression of aristolochic acid I-induced CKD. Only hyperuricemia with UA crystalluria due to urinary acidification caused tubular obstruction, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis. UA crystal granulomas surrounded by proinflammatory M1-like macrophages developed late in this process of chronic UA crystal nephropathy and contributed to the progression of pre-existing CKD. Suppressing M1-like macrophages with adenosine attenuated granulomatous nephritis and the progressive decline in GFR. In contrast, inhibiting the JAK/STAT inflammatory pathway with tofacitinib was not renoprotective.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia does not affect CKD progression unless UA crystallizes in the kidney. UA crystal granulomas develop late in chronic UA crystal nephropathy and contribute to CKD progression because UA crystals trigger M1-like macrophage-related interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Targeting proinflammatory macrophages, but not JAK/STAT signaling, can attenuate granulomatous interstitial nephritis.
INTERNET-ADVERTISING IN THE AGE OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Aganina R. N. , Andronova T. A. 
Published: September 2020

Due to affordability and wide audience reach, the Internet has become a leader among the ways of advertising distribution. Considering this, the Russian legislator for several years has been trying to resolve issues connected with distribution of advertising on the Internet, but even with a cursory glance at the legal support of this institution, a significant number of «white spots» are found. At present, new types of advertising are also appearing. They are inherent directly to the Internet. In this regard, the article deals with issues connected not only with the new types of Internet advertising, but also with legal regulation of this method of advertising. Analyzing the issue of legal regulation of advertising distribution on the Internet, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to regulate this issue in the Federal Law of March 13, 2006. № 38-FL «On Advertising». The article also considers the numerous types and subspecies of Internet advertising and presents its classification.
LEGAL REGULATION OF DIGITAL ECONOMY IN RUSSIA IN LIGHT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND RESTRICTIVE MEUSURES
Authors: Ryazanova A. R. 
Published: September 2020

In this article, the author presents a study of the changes in legal regulation of the digital economy caused by the imposition of economic sanctions by the foreign states as well as the Russian Federation. The paper analyzes the restrictive measures imposed in the USA against Russian persons in the field of digital technology. The author concludes that the economic sanctions of foreign countries limit the ability to conduct foreign economic operations in the digital sphere both by Russian persons to foreign persons and vise versa. An analysis of the Russian legal framework for the imposition of restrictive measures and the latest legislative amendments, in particular with regards to the preinstallation requirement of the Russian software, showed that currently the measures introduced in Russia are aimed not at reducing the effect of foreign sanctions, but at developing a national market of digital technologies and decreasing the dependability level ofthe Russian economy on exported technologies in general. The author also highlights that it is necessary to assess the consequences of imposing prohibitions in the field of digital technologies and to consider introduction of more flexible measures of legal regulation upon the results of such assessment.
Clinicoepidemiological features of tick-borne encephalitis course in Perm krai
Authors: Nikolenko V. V. , Vorobyova N. N. , Merkuryeva E. V. , Nikolenko A. V. , Suslina O. A. , Okishev M. A. , Rozhkova D. K. 
Published: September 2020

Objective. The incidence rate of tick-borne encephalitis in Perm Krai annually exceeds that in the Russian Federation by several times, and therefore, the aim of the study was to reveal the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the course of infection.
Materials and methods. A continuous retrospective clinical and laboratory survey including 314 adult patients admitted to the Perm Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in 2014-2019 was carried out.
Results. The following features were revealed: the disease is diagnosed more often in persons over 41 years old, infection mainly occurs when visiting the forest and park areas. That is why, it is necessary to reduce the number of infection carriers. In every fifth patient, the disease is characterized by the development of an inapparent form, as well as mixed infection in association with pathogens circulating in ticks in the territory of Western Ural ticks.
Conclusions. In 45.9 % of cases, the infection has a moderate and severe course, involving not only meninges but also the brain substances into the pathological process that requires early diagnosis and timely adequate therapy.
Analysis of results of cytological screening of cervix in persons living in Perm territory
Authors: Schekotova A. P. , Bulatova I. A. , Paducheva S. V. , Shabieva O. R. , Pogrebnova L. S. , Bezmaternykh S. P. , Saprykina I. A. 
Published: September 2020

Objective. To analyze the results of cytological screening for cervical cancer in women, living in the Perm Territory.
Materials and methods. The work is based on the results of a cytological study of 4670 women aged 29 to 70 years who underwent additional medical examinations in medical institutions of Perm and the Perm Territory for the period from 2017 to 2019.
Results. It was established that regardless of the place of residence, normal cytograms prevail. Inflammatory changes were more often observed in the urban population than among women living in the village. As age increased, the number of neoplastic changes in the cervix increased with a peak incidence at the age of 50. Detection of cervical cancer in the Perm Territory was 0.03 % that corresponds to the average statistical indicators in Russia, although this apparently reflects the problems of hypodiagnosis in cytological screening, since in the country in recent years the incidence of cervical cancer and mortality from it has been increasing.
Conclusions. The cytological method is a key step in cervical cancer screening, since it allows you to identify early pathological changes in case of adequate collection of material, correct staining of preparations, and a highly qualified cytologist.
Autoestima en adolescentes con bajo rendimiento escolar a través del psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach
Authors: Garrido-Lecca Magally 
Published: September 2020

El objetivo fue determinar si existen diferencias en la autoestima de adolescentes con bajo rendimiento escolar comparados con los de un rendimiento promedio o superior. Los participantes fueron 60 adolescentes, entre 13 y 16 años, de ambos sexos, con un C.I. promedio o superior al promedio, de los cuales 30 presentaban un bajo rendimiento escolar (grupo de estudio) y 30 un buen rendimiento (grupo contraste). Se administró el WISCR para determinar el C.I. y el Rorschach según el SC de Exner para evaluar la autoestima. Los resultados mostraron que el Rorschach es adecuado para evaluar la autoestima. Asimismo existe una diferencia significativa en la autoestima de adolescentes con bajo rendimiento como resultado de sus déficits afectivos, en comparación con los de alto rendimiento.
Autoestima y autocontrol en adolescentes: una reflexión para la orientación educativa
Authors: Sánchez Crespo Guadalupe , Jiménez Gómez Fernando , Merino Barragán Vicente 
Published: September 2020

Este estudio tiene como objetivo el análisis de la autoestima y del autoconcepto percibido por los adolescentes españoles a través del Millon Adolescent Personality Inventoty (M.A.P.I.). Los participantes fueron 342/364 adolescentes, entre 13 y 18 años, divididos en dos grupos de edades (13-15 y 16-18 años), de ambos sexos, y que de una forma signicativa, perciben su autoestima o autoconcepto poco gratificante para su desarrollo. Los resultados denotan que estos adolescentes se muestran incómodos socialmente, molestos con sus obligaciones escolares, inseguros, fastidiados con su imagen corporal, emocionalmente lábiles y con un inadecuado rendimiento académico.
Competência em Informação: estudos introdutórios sobre a temática na Itália
Authors: Souza Marcela Reinhardt de , Vitorino Elizete Vieira 
Published: September 2020

Este estudo aborda o tema da information literacy na Itália. Com aumento do número de informações disponíveis para a população, o desenvolvimento da competência em informação ganha importância na atual sociedade. Este artigo identifica a literatura publicada sobre competência em informação na Itália, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Aponta as fontes de informação com trabalhos disponíveis sobre a temática; identifica as principais publicações e verifica as temáticas apresentadas nas publicações científicas a respeito da competência em informação na Itália. Foram recuperados documentos nas bases de dados Directory of Open Access Journals, Library and Information Science Abstracts, Information Science & Technology Abstracts e Web of Science e nos levantamentos publicados por Basili (2014) e Crocetti (2012). Os resultados foram complementados com dados obtidos na European Conference on Information Literacy dos anos de 2013 a 2018, o que perfez 136 documentos. Verificou-se crescente debate na área a partir dos anos 1990, que se intensifica após 2004 com pesquisadores italianos influentes como Carla Basili e Laura Ballestra. Os estudos italianos identificados relacionavam a competência em informação com diversos temas, entre eles: a preocupação com políticas públicas inexistentes ou insuficientes, ações práticas, questões éticas e ambientais, grupos vulneráveis, a área da saúde e tecnologia.
Fonogramas, musicologia e performance no universo do choro
Authors: Pessoa Felipe , Freire Ricardo Dourado 
Published: September 2020

A música urbana do século XX tornou-se popular a partir da divulgação realizada por meio das tecnologias de difusão, sendo que o rádio e o disco podem ser considerados importantes meios de transmissão das performances musicais. A tecnologia de gravação permitiu a fixação das realizações musicais por meio de fonogramas que então se tornam paradigmas para a recepção e aprendizagem de novos estilos musicais. As transformações na tecnologia de captação e registro dos fonogramas auxiliaram a definir a própria percepção dos objetos sonoros. O que foi gravado, no início das gravações mecânicas, tornou-se referência principal para os músicos de outras cidades e estados, que passam a tocar a partir da imitação das performances gravadas e não somente por meio de partituras ou performances ao vivo. No caso do choro, todo a construção dos acompanhamentos realizados pelos violões, cavaquinho e pandeiro sofreram influências tanto dos fonogramas quanto do rádio. A tecnologia de captação elétrica, que permitiu o registro e a transmissão dos programas musicais, aconteceu quando cantores e solistas instrumentais se apresentavam acompanhados pelos conjuntos regionais. A gravação estereofônica, desenvolvida a partir da década de 1950, possibilitou que instrumentos fossem gravados de maneira separada, e em várias tomadas, o que permitiu um maior grau de precisão e clareza musicais. A relação dialógica entre estilo de performance e tecnologia oferece subsídios para a musicologia abordar o desenvolvimento do Choro a partir das alterações que acontecem no contexto, permitindo a compreensão da relação entre artista e o meio no qual ele está inserido.