bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agronomic and economic assessment of input bundle of soybean in moderately acidic Savanna soils of Ghana
Authors: Awuni G. A , Reynolds D. B. , Goldsmith P. D. , Tamimie C. A , Denwar N. N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntegrated input for crop productivity can increase food security among smallholder farming systems. The study evaluated agronomic and economic response of four input bundle treatments on five soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars conducted under rain‐fed conditions over a 4‐yr period in Ghana. Experiments were a randomized complete block in factorial arrangement with four replications. Input bundles were NoduMax inoculant (I), phosphorus application (P), inoculated seed followed by phosphorus application (I+P), and certified seed as control treatment. Cultivars were Afayak, Jenguma, Quarshie, Songda, and Suong‐Pungun. Soils were moderately acidic (5.7 pH) with macro‐ and micronutrient deficiencies. Grain yield, mean gross margin (MGM), and benefit–cost ratio (BCR) for input bundles were in descending order I+P bundle > P bundle > I bundle > control. Yield was greater in I+P bundle over I bundle, P bundle, and control by 27, 16, and 65%, respectively. Grain yield, MGM, and BCR in descending cultivar order were Afayak > Jenguma > Suong–Pungun > Quarshie > Songda. Grain yield was greater in Afayak over Jenguma, Suong‐Pungun, Quarshie, and Songda by 3, 11, 13, and 21%, respectively. Cultivar yield differences may be genetically driven. This study suggests smallholders can benefit from increased returns from inoculation + phosphorus synergy. The results indicate that low soybean yields in smallholder farms are not the result of high input cost or low prices but rather are due to the inability of farmers to shift from low input productivity to innovative production technologies. Integrating soybean as a commercial crop within staple crops of smallholder farmers can provide additional income and nutrition for households.
Organic manures and biostimulants fostered soil health and increased the harvest quality of the medicinal herb ashwagandha
Authors: Jat R. S. , Basak B. B. , Gajbhiye N. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAshwagandha [Withania somnifera (Linn.) Dunal] is a medicinal herb with profound therapeutic uses that is facing challenges of poor quality and safety due to lack of nutrients in the soil. Organic manures (farmyard manure, vermicompost, and castor cake) and biostimulants (Azotobacter, phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria [PSB], and Jivamrut) along with a control treatment were investigated in a 2‐yr field experiment for their effects on yield and quality of ashwagandha. Application of castor cake along with the consortia of biostimulants (biofertilizers+Jivamrut) increased (p = .05) dry root yield (+36.4%) over the untreated control. Root yield was positively correlated (p = .01) with plant height, branches per plant, plant biomass, and root length and girth. Different forms of withanolides (withaferin‐A, 12‐Deoxy withastramanolide, and withanolide‐A) and total withanolide increased root yield 29% with the combined use of vermicompost and Jivamrut over the control. Plant biomass and different forms of withanolides were positively correlated (p = .01) with total withanolides content, whereas root C was correlated (p = .05) with withaferin‐A content. Vermicompost increased (p = .05) soil chemical (soil organic C [SOC], N, P, and S) and biochemical (microbial biomass C [MBC], fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic [FDH], dehydrogenase activity [DHA], and alkaline and acid phosphatase) parameters. The consortia of biostimulants (Azotobacter+PSB+Jivamrut) markedly improved SOC, N, P, MBC, FDH, DHA, and alkaline phosphatase; however, S was greatest with Jivamrut. Thus, application of either castor cake or vermicompost along with biostimulants (Azotobacter+PSB+Jivamrut) increased root yield and quality of ashwagandha and increased soil health.
Expanding the phenotype of cerebellar‐facial‐dental syndrome: Two siblings with a novel variant in BRF1
Authors: Valenzuela Irene , Codina Marta , Fernández‐Álvarez Paula , Mur Pilar , Valle Laura , Tizzano Eduardo F. , Cuscó Ivon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCerebellofaciodental syndrome (MIM #616202) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, dysmorphic features, and short stature. To date, eight patients carrying biallelic BRF1 variants have been reported. Here, we describe two siblings with congenital microcephaly and corpus callosum hypoplasia, pre and postnatal growth retardation, congenital heart defect and severe global developmental delay. We also detected additional findings not previously reported in this syndrome, including bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment and inner ear malformation. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense variant (c.654G>C, p.[Trp218Cys]) in BRF1, predicted to affect the protein structure. Expression assessment showed extremely low BRF1 protein expression caused by the identified variant, supporting its causal involvement. The description of new patients with cerebellofaciodental syndrome is essential to better delineate the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of the disease.
Evaporation Induced Spontaneous Micro‐Vortexes through Engineering of the Marangoni Flow
Authors: Cai Zheren , Huang Zhandong , Li Zheng , Su Meng , Zhao Zhipeng , Qin Feifei , Zhang Zeying , Yang Jun , Song Yanlin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVortex flow fields are widely used to manipulate objects at the microscale in microfluidics. Previous approaches to produce the vortex flow field mainly focused on inertia flows. It remains a challenge to create vortexes in Stokes flow regime. Here we reported an evaporation induced spontaneous vortex flow system in Stokes flow regime by engineering Marangoni flow in a micro‐structured microfluidic chip. The Marangoni flow is created by nonuniform evaporation of surfactant solution. Various vortexes are constructed by folding the air–water interface via microstructures. Patterns of vortexes are programmable by designing the geometry of the microstructures and are predictable using numerical simulations. Moreover, rotation of micro‐objects and enrichment of micro‐particles using vortex flow is demonstrated. This approach to create vortexes will provide a promising platform for various microfluidic applications such as biological analysis, chemical synthesis, and nanomaterial assembly.
Concentration‐Dependent Structural Transition of the HIV‐1 gp41 MPER Peptide into α‐Helical Trimers
Authors: Chiliveri Sai Chaitanya , Louis John M. , Bax Ad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe membrane proximal external region (MPER) of HIV‐1 gp41 contains epitopes for at least four broadly neutralizing antibodies. Depending on solution conditions and construct design, different structures have been reported for this segment. We show that in aqueous solution the MPER fragment (gp160660–674) exists in a monomer‐trimer equilibrium with an association constant in the micromolar range. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that the association is exothermic, more favorable in D2O than H2O, and increases with ionic strength, indicating hydrophobically driven intermolecular interactions. Circular dichroism, 13Cα chemical shifts, NOE, and hydrogen exchange rates reveal that MPER undergoes a structural transition from predominately unfolded monomer at low concentrations to an α‐helical trimer at high concentrations. This result has implications for antibody recognition of MPER prior to and during the process where gp41 switches from a pre‐hairpin intermediate to its post‐fusion 6‐helical bundle state.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production Trilogy
Authors: Li Yan , Wei Xinfa , Chen Lisong , Shi Jianlin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractH2 production via water electrolysis is of great significance in clean energy production, which, however, suffers from the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Moreover, the anode product, O2, which is of rather low value, may lead to dangerous explosions and the generation of membrane‐degrading reactive oxygen species. Herein, to address these issues of electrocatalytic H2 production, we summarize the most recent advances in three stages based on the benefit increments and various electron donation routes, which are: 1) electron donation by traditional OER: developing efficient catalysts for water oxidation to promote H2 production; 2) electron donation by the oxidation of sacrificial agents: using sacrificial agents to assist H2 production; 3) electron donation by electrosynthesis reaction: achieving electrosynthesis in parallel with cathodic H2 production. Present challenges and related prospects will also be discussed, hopefully to benefit the further progress of electrocatalytic H2 generation.
Fe‐Co Alloyed Nanoparticles Catalyzing Efficient Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Cinnamyl Alcohol in Water
Authors: Lv Yang , Han Miaomiao , Gong Wanbing , Wang Dongdong , Chen Chun , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelective hydrogenation of C=O against the conjugated C=C in cinnamaldehyde (CAL) is indispensable to produce cinnamyl alcohol (COL). Nonetheless, it is challenged by the low selectivity and the need to use organic solvents. Herein, for the first time, we report the use of Fe‐Co alloy nanoparticles (NPs) on N‐doped carbon support as a selective hydrogenation catalyst to efficiently convert CAL to COL. The resultant catalyst with the optimized Fe/Co ratio of 0.5 can achieve an exceptional COL selectivity of 91.7 % at a CAL conversion of 95.1 % in pure water medium under mild reaction conditions, ranking it the best performed catalyst reported to date. The experimental results confirm that the COL selectivity and CAL conversion efficiency are, respectively promoted by the presence of Fe and Co, while the synergism of the alloyed Fe‐Co is the key to concurrently achieve high COL selectivity and CAL conversion efficiency.
Copper‐Catalyzed Defluorinative Hydroarylation of Alkenes with Polyfluoroarenes
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Fu Bin , Zhang Qiao , Yuan Xiuping , Zhang Qian , Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA catalytic defluorinative hydroarylation of alkenes with polyfluoroarenes in the presence of dppbz‐ligated Cu catalyst and silanes was developed. This method provides a straightforward and alternative avenue to synthetic important polyfluorinated arenes with readily available and bench‐stable alkenes as latent nucleophiles, and therefore avoids conventional reliance on stoichiometric quantities of organometallic reagents. This reaction proceeds under very mild conditions and exhibits good functional group compatibility and high level of regioselectivity. The synthetic potential of this method was further demonstrated by a gram‐scale synthesis, and an array of experimental studies were also carried out to elaborate the probable mechanism.
Diversification of Unprotected Alicyclic Amines by C−H Bond Functionalization: Decarboxylative Alkylation of Transient Imines
Authors: Paul Anirudra , Kim Jae Hyun , Daniel Scott D. , Seidel Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite extensive efforts by many practitioners in the field, methods for the direct α‐C−H bond functionalization of unprotected alicyclic amines remain rare. A new advance in this area utilizes N‐lithiated alicyclic amines. These readily accessible intermediates are converted to transient imines through the action of a simple ketone oxidant, followed by alkylation with a β‐ketoacid under mild conditions to provide valuable β‐amino ketones with unprecedented ease. Regioselective α′‐alkylation is achieved for substrates with existing α‐substituents. The method is further applicable to the convenient one‐pot synthesis of polycyclic dihydroquinolones through the incorporation of a SNAr step.
Coumarins by Direct Annulation: β‐Borylacrylates as Ambiphilic C3‐Synthons
Authors: Wienhold Max , Molloy John J. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModular β‐borylacrylates have been validated as programmable, ambiphilic C3‐synthons in the cascade annulation of 2‐halo‐phenol derivatives to generate structurally and electronically diverse coumarins. Key to this [3+3] disconnection is the BPin unit which serves a dual purpose as both a traceless linker for C(sp2)–C(sp2) coupling, and as a chromophore extension to enable inversion of the alkene geometry via selective energy transfer catalysis. Mild isomerisation is a pre‐condition to access 3‐substituted coumarins and provides a handle for divergence. The method is showcased in the synthesis of representative natural products that contain this venerable chemotype. Facile entry into π‐expanded estrone derivatives modified at the A‐ring is disclosed to demonstrate the potential of the method in bioassay development or in drug repurposing.
Preparation of MOF Film/Aerogel Composite Catalysts via Substrate‐Seeding Secondary‐Growth for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and CO2 Cycloaddition
Authors: Bai Xiao‐Jue , Lu Xing‐Yu , Ju Ran , Chen Huan , Shao Lei , Zhai Xu , Li Yu‐Nong , Fan Fu‐Qiang , Fu Yu , Qi Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubstrate‐supported metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) films are desired to realize their potential in practical applications. Herein, a novel substrate‐seeding secondary‐growth strategy is developed to prepare composites of uniform MOFs films on aerogel walls. Briefly, the organic ligand is “pre‐seeded” onto the aerogel walls, and then a small amount of metal‐ion solution is sprayed onto the prepared aerogel. The sprayed solution diffuses along the aerogel walls to form a continuous thin layer, which confines the nucleation reaction, promoting the formation of uniform MOFs films on the aerogel walls. The whole process is simple in operation, highly efficient, and eco‐friendly. The resulting hierarchical MOFs/aerogel composites have abundant accessible active sites and enable excellent mass transfer, which endows the composite with outstanding catalytic activity and stability in both liquid‐phase CO2 cycloaddition and electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process.
In‐Cell NMR Spectroscopy of Functional Riboswitch Aptamers in Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Broft P. , Dzatko S. , Krafcikova M. , Wacker A. , Hänsel‐Hertsch Robert , Dötsch Volker , Trantirek L. , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report here the in‐cell NMR‐spectroscopic observation of the binding of the cognate ligand 2′‐deoxyguanosine to the aptamer domain of the bacterial 2′‐deoxyguanosine‐sensing riboswitch in eukaryotic cells, namely Xenopus laevis oocytes and in human HeLa cells. The riboswitch is sufficiently stable in both cell types to allow for detection of binding of the ligand to the riboswitch. Most importantly, we show that the binding mode established by in vitro characterization of this prokaryotic riboswitch is maintained in eukaryotic cellular environment. Our data also bring important methodological insights: Thus far, in‐cell NMR studies on RNA in mammalian cells have been limited to investigations of short (<15 nt) RNA fragments that were extensively modified by protecting groups to limit their degradation in the intracellular space. Here, we show that the in‐cell NMR setup can be adjusted for characterization of much larger (≈70 nt) functional and chemically non‐modified RNA.
Linear low‐density polyethylene/high‐density polyethylene blends: Effect of high‐density polyethylene content on die swell and flow instability
Authors: Freitas Daniel M. G. , Oliveira Akidauana D. B. , Alves Amanda M. , Cavalcanti Shirley N. , Agrawal Pankaj , Mélo Tomás J. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the effect of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) content and of shear rate on the die swell and flow instability of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/HDPE blends. The results showed that the die swell of the LLDPE/HDPE blends increased with the increase in the shear rate. At high shear rates, the increase in the HDPE content led to an increase in the die swell of LLDPE/HDPE blends. The surface morphology analysis of the extrudates by optical and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of sharkskin and stick–slip flow instabilities in LLDPE and LLDPE/HDPE blends at the shear rates investigated. These instabilities were attenuated with the addition of HDPE and almost disappeared in the LLDPE/HDPE blend containing 50 wt% of HDPE.
Join the club? Peer effects on information value perception
Authors: Rusho Yonit , Raban Daphne R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile it is widely recognized that value perception increases when individuals engage in making physical objects, the impact of peer presence on value perception during production or consumption has not been studied. Peer production is prevalent for information products, which are the focus of the present study. Most research to date has focused on value as perceived by consumers, while consumers are increasingly involved in online processes of information production. Information, being intangible and experiential, is a unique type of good. This study places participants in the position of producing or consuming information in order to assess effects of peer group size on value perceptions. Six hundred and fifty one participants took part in 16 information consumption and production experiments. Consumers read information and producers created the same information. Consumers' willingness‐to‐pay and producers' willingness‐to‐accept payment were measured before or after peer consumption and production. Results indicate that value perception is highest when participants consume information individually, declining in small and medium‐sized groups and growing in mass consumption. Generally, post‐consumption values are higher. In production, point of measurement is cardinal. Before production, value perceived individually is lowest, however, having experienced peer production, individuals ascribe the highest value to self‐production. Value perceptions in massive groups converge.
Adaptive dynamic surface control of a class of pure feedback systems preceded by generalized P‐I hysteresis
Authors: Liu Ye , Liu Lulu , Li Yuanyuan , Cao Le 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive dynamic surface control is proposed for a class of completely non‐affine nonlinear systems preceded by the generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii (P‐I) hysteresis, in which the hysteresis input function is also non‐affine with respect to the control input. Instead of the mean value theorem widely used in existing literature, new nonlinear functions are introduced, leading to the removal of the assumption caused by the mean value theorem. Moreover, no constraint is imposed on the bound of the P‐I hysteresis density function. Then, the filtered signals are constructed to address the algebraic loop problem and the complexity explosion inherent in backstepping method. Based on the filtered signals, the adaptive dynamic surface control is developed, which can ensure the
transient tracking performance.
Loss of Cntnap2 in the Rat Causes Autism‐Related Alterations in Social Interactions, Stereotypic Behavior, and Sensory Processing
Authors: Scott Kaela E. , Kazazian Karnig , Mann Rajkamalpreet S. , Möhrle Dorit , Schormans Ashley L. , Schmid Susanne , Allman Brian L. 
Published: September 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction and communication impairments, as well as restrictive/repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, which can coexist with intellectual disability and altered sensory processing. To study the mechanisms underlying these core features of ASD, preclinical research has developed animal models with manipulations in ASD‐linked genes, such as CNTNAP2. In order to fully interpret the findings from mechanistic studies, the extent to which these models display behaviors consistent with ASD must be determined. Toward that goal, we conducted an investigation of the consequences of a functional loss of Cntnap2 on ASD‐related behaviors by comparing the performance of rats with a homozygous or heterozygous knockout of Cntnap2 to their wildtype littermates across a comprehensive test battery. Cntnap2−/− rats showed deficits in sociability and social novelty, and they displayed repetitive circling and hyperlocomotion. Moreover, Cntnap2−/− rats demonstrated exaggerated acoustic startle responses, increased avoidance to sounds of moderate intensity, and a lack of rapid audiovisual temporal recalibration; indicating changes in sensory processing at both the pre‐attentive and perceptual levels. Notably, sensory behaviors requiring learned associations did not reveal genotypic differences, whereas tasks relying on automatic/implicit behaviors did. Ultimately, because these collective alterations in social, stereotypic, and sensory behaviors are phenotypically similar to those reported in individuals with ASD, our results establish the Cntnap2 knockout rat model as an effective platform to study not only the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with ASD, but also the complex relationship between altered sensory processing and other core ASD‐related behaviors.Lay SummaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction differences, and restrictive/repetitive patterns of behavior. We studied the behavioral alterations caused by the loss of an autism‐linked gene, Cntnap2, in the rat to determine how mutations in this gene contribute to autism‐related behaviors. We show the loss of Cntnap2 leads to changes in social, stereotypic, and sensory behaviors, indicating this rat model can be used to better understand the brain changes underlying ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1698–1717. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC