bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Deep Learning Methods in Evaluating Well Production Potential Using Surface Measurements
Authors: Alakeely Abdullah A. , Horne Roland N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This work investigated deep learning (DL) algorithms to forecast wells' economic potential using wellhead surface measurements. The results of DL algorithms were compared to existing solutions in the literature that aim at solving the same problem. The performance of algorithms trained on multiple input representations, resulting from applying unsupervised DL feature extraction methods, was compared to algorithms trained on raw inputs.
In this work, available wellhead measurements that can be collected at surface were used in modeling their relationship to well production rate. A search method was used to select the best combination of measurements for modeling. In addition, features were extracted automatically using autoencoders to generate additional inputs. The algorithms used for forecasting were designed using standard and customized DL layers. The results of both DL and existing solutions from the literature were compared systematically to determine the usefulness of the DL methodology developed.
Previous work has shown the limitations of correlation-based methods in offering a reliable solution when applied to data outside of the historically observed range. In addition, multiple models are sometimes required depending on operational settings, e.g. choke opening, making the modeling process inefficient. Moreover, mass balance-based methods require information, such as phase density, that might not be readily available when modeling is performed, affecting the reliability of the solutions. We found that using DL algorithms offers a flexible solution that can help overcome these limitations and opens a new path to solve similar problems. We found that algorithms trained properly on relevant features are useful tools to use in assessing the economic potential of wells, using already available surface measurements.
The study developed a novel methodology for forecasting economic potential using wellhead surface measurements and demonstrated the application to real field data. The method was found to be an efficient utilization of data that are readily available and do not require well intervention to measure.
Machine Learning Approach to Quantifying ISIP and Friction Losses from Stage by Stage Hydraulic Fracture Treatment Falloff Data
Authors: Alwarda Fahad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFIT) data is relatively rare, pressure and flow rate data are widely collected for hydraulic fracture treatment stages in multiple transverse-fracture horizontal wells, both during pumping and during pressure falloff after the end of pumping. Recent papers have shown value in applying analysis developed for DFIT data to hydraulic fracture treatment falloff (HFTF) data. As is often the case with routine processing of large volumes of data, the time required for analyzing HFTF datasets for each of the treatment stages in a long horizontal well may be overly expensive in time and human resources. To address this issue, this paper applies machine learning techniques to standard HFTF pressure data, to produce data-driven mathematical models that estimate wellbore and perforation friction loss, near-wellbore tortuosity friction loss, and the instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP). The models are trained based on a small subset of hydraulic fracture treatment stages, data from for which is processed manually, to provide targets for model outputs. Model structure is based on multivariate statistical methods, including principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR).
Comparison between state-by-stage friction losses and ISIP values estimated manually and those quantified by machine learning reveals good agreement and underscores the value of the machine learning approach as a practical tool for field application tasks, including well and pad completion design decisions related to perforating strategies, and fracture and well spacing.
Model for Estimating Static Bottom Hole Pressure for Gas Wells Using Varying Pseudo Critical Properties in Modified Cullender and Smith’s Equation
Authors: Bassey Israel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As the economic importance of natural gas continues to grow because of its relatively clean output, the exploitation of natural gas wells is of increasing importance in the energy industry. Monitoring of these gas wells is key and the Static Bottom Hole Pressure is an integral parameter when we talk about reservoir/well evaluation. The Static Bottom Hole Pressure is most often acquired through downhole gauge measurements. However, this method is disadvantaged by associated risk and cost of execution.
This paper presents a new method for calculating Static Bottom Hole Pressure. This new model considers the changes in the critical properties in the well in a fine grid segmentation of the well and uses the different values of specific gravity in a numerical simulation that involves a modification to the Cullender and Smith’s Equation that accounts for the variation in gas gravity profile values, fine grid segmentation, and well geometry.
Based on the results obtained, this model was seen to provide a more accurate estimate than the existing methods. The model was tested on 30 wells using the generated software and its results were benchmarked against other exiting models and compared with gauge measurements to validate the error reduction. Error estimation on the model showed that this method gives an average accuracy of 99% with an average absolute error of 0.304%. The results of this work showed that this method was effective in estimating Static Bottom Hole Pressure.
New Model Development for Polymer Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery EOR
Authors: Jaffray Jacob 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a method that helps to increase recovery of oil in the tertiary stage of a reservoir. Methods such as polymer, surfactant, and microbial injection increase overall recovery by producing unswept or residual oil that remains after a water flood. The primary goal of this research was to simplify the calculations needed to predict polymer rheology and to model polymer behavior without the need for lab testing samples. Polymer samples with varying concentrations, salinities, and hardness levels were prepared and polymer viscosity versus shear rate was measured using a rheometer. It was found that polymer preparation methods significantly affect the rheological properties of a sample and standard procedures ensure consistency. Predictive calculations were performed before lab testing samples so that the lab data could be compared to various models in order to determine their accuracy. A program was created to find constants of the polymer and to model polymer viscosity versus shear rate. This program also includes fitting parameters (specific for polymer type) that allow these calculations to be performed without the need for lab fitted data. Polymer rheology is dependent on a sample's composition, and its rheological properties can be easily and accurately modeled by the developed program. Various outdated programs relating to polymer EOR were also updated to meet modern standards and to improve their functionality.
Effects of three methods of breast milk expression on breastfeeding initiation, breast milk extraction and proportion of exclusive breastfeeding—an open label, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Yun , Ni Jiaying , Zhou Chenchen , Chen Ying , Little Julian , Zhang Lin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Direct breastfeeding has multiple health benefits. Some mothers need to express their breasts when directly breast feeding is unavailable immediately after delivery. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding an effective method of breast milk expression in the absence of an infant's suction. This trial was designed to investigate the effects of different methods of breast milk expression on breastfeeding initiation, efficacy of breast milk extraction, and on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. Methods The participants of mother-infant dyads separated immediately after birth for at least 6 hrs were recruited and randomly assigned (1:1:1) into three groups: (1) hand expression of breast milk; (2) sequential and (3) simultaneous electrical breast pumping. The two primary outcome measures were the time required for initiation of breastfeeding and the milk volume expressed in a 10-minute session (direct breastfeeding in hand expression group) at 3 days and at 6 weeks; a secondary outcome was the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding at 4 and 6 months. Intention-to-treat data set was used in this analysis. Results Between 2018 and 2019, we recruited 226 participants, of whom 154 were randomized. The median time (in hour) of breastfeeding initiation of sequential (46.5, 95% CI 36.1-50.5) and simultaneous (45.6, 95% CI 34.2-53.0) breast pumping groups did not differ from those of hand expression (46.7, 95% CI 40.8-50.0) (p=1.000). At 3 days the breast volume through simultaneous pumping (13.1±10.9 ml), but not sequential pumping (16.7±11.6 ml) (p=0.560), was significantly less than hand expression (23.8±26.2 ml through direct sucking) (p=0.007). At 6 weeks the breast volume through sequential pumping (64.7±51.0 ml), but not simultaneous pumping (71.6±50.8 ml) (p=0.670), was significantly less than hand expression (89.8±67.3 ml through direct sucking) (p=0.035). The breast milk volume through sequential breast pumping (10 min per breast) was 37.9 ml less than those of simultaneous pumping (p=0.000). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months was 21.0%, and at 6 months 10.6%, and did not differ between the three methods of breast milk expression. Conclusions Hand expression, sequential breast pumping, or simultaneous breast pumping in absence of immediate infant suction after birth did not show differences on the time required to initiate breastfeeding, or on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 4 and 6 months. Trial registration This trial was registered with www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800018193) on 4 September 2018.
Syndromic Management of Female Sexually Transmitted Infections at Primary Care Level .A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study Tunisia (Monastir 2007-2017)
Authors: Dhouib Wafa , Zemni Imen , Kacem Meriem , Bennasrallah Cyrine , Fredj Manel Ben , Abroug Hela , Grira Samia , Mastouri Maha , Sr Asma Belguith 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In the world as in North Africa, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a public health problem especially for reproductive-age women. Since the quantification of the prevalence of STIs is important for the planning of interventions and the promotion of resources, it is necessary to have current data to evaluate the situation in the Maghreb and to give the answer as to the possibility of reaching the desired WHO goal of ending STIs epidemics as a public health concerns by 2030.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trend of STIs during 11 years in Tunisia (2007-17). Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study including all women with STIs diagnosed with the syndromic approach in all basic health care centers of the Governorate of Monastir (Tunisia) from 2007 to 2017. Syndromes included, Pelvic Pain (PP), Vaginal Discharge (VD) and Genital Ulceration (GU). Results: We analyzed 40388 cases of genital infection with a crude prevalence rate and age standardized prevalence rate of 13.93/ 1000 inh and 72.38/ 1000 respectively. The prevalence rate was relatively high and showed a positive trend over 11 years for all age groups and syndromes. VD was the most common syndrome with a CPR of 11.7/1000. For all syndromes, women of childbearing age (20 to 39 years) were the most affected age group (p <0.05). Conclusion:Our results were consistent with the global evidence, suggesting a focus on primary prevention reinforcement and STIs surveillance system improving in North Africa countries to achieve the World health organization goal of ending STIs epidemics by 2030.
Medicine Storage, Wastage and Associated Determinants Among Urban Households: A Systematic Review of Household Surveys
Authors: Jafarzadeh Adineh , Mahboub–Ahari Alireza , Najafi Moslem , Yousefi Mahmood , Dalal Koustuv 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Irrational household storage of medicines is a world-wide problem resulting medicine wastage and associated harms, which imposes an additional burden on the health care system. The study has performed a systematic review of household surveys to provide strong evidences and policy implications through a comprehensive and comparative understanding of available global literatures. The review also maps existing literature on the burden, outcomes and affecting socio-economic factors of medicine storage and wastage.Methods: Five electronic databases were searched (from inception to 2019) for surveys that reviewed in-home medicine storage modality, size, cost and main determinants. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised through an adapted checklist developed by past studies.Results: From the initial 2604 records we identiﬁed, 22 studies met our inclusion criteria. In 16 studies, medicine storage rates were reported for more than 70%. The maximum rate of potential (not in use medicines) and real (expired or without expiration date medicine) wastage were about 70 and 40 percent, respectively. The most common classes of medicines found in households belonged to the nervous system (18%) and anti-infective for systemic use (15%). Income, education, age, presence of chronic illness, female gender and insurance coverage were among the factors influencing medicine storage. The most commonly used method of disposal was throwing them in the garbage.Conclusions: Factors beyond medical needs determined medicine storage in the studied contexts which urges effective strategies in the supply and demand side of the medicine consumption chain. The first necessary step to mitigate home storage is adequate legislation and strict enforcement of regulations on dispensing, prescription and marketing of medicines. Patient pressure on excessive prescription, irrational storage and use of medicines deserve efficient community centered programs for increasing awareness of these issues. Hazardous consequences of inappropriate disposal should be mitigated by different take back programs, particularly in low and middle income countries.
Diversity and Composition of Gut Microbiome of Cervical Cancer Patients by 16S rRNA and Whole-metagenome Sequencing
Authors: Biegert Greyson , Karpinets Tatiana , Wu Xiaogang , Alam Molly B. El , Sims Travis T. , Yoshida-Court Kyoko , Lynn Erica J. , Yue Jingyan , Medrano Andrea Delgado , Petrosino Joseph , Mezzari Melissa P. , Ajami Nadim J. , Solley Travis , Ahmed-Kaddar Mustapha , Colbert Lauren E , Klopp Ann H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Next generation sequencing has progressed rapidly, characterizing microbial communities beyond culture-based or biochemical techniques. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (16S) produces reliable taxonomic classifications and relative abundances, while shotgun metagenome sequencing (WMS) allows higher taxonomic and functional resolution at greater cost. The purpose of this study was to determine if 16S and WMS provide congruent information for our patient population from paired fecal microbiome samples. Results Comparative indices were highly congruent between 16S and WMS. The most abundant genera for 16S and WMS data did not overlap. Overlap was observed at the Phylum level, as expected. However, relative abundances correlated poorly between the two methodologies (all p>0.05). Hierarchical clustering of both sequencing analyses identified overlapping enterotypes. Both approaches were in agreement with regard to demographic variables.Conclusion Diversity, evenness and richness are comparable when using 16S and WMS techniques, however relative abundances of individual genera are not. Clinical associations with diversity and evenness metrics were similarly identified with WMS or 16S.
WITHDRAWN: The prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among pregnant and postnatal women in China: a multicenter study
Authors: Bo Haixin , YANG YUAN , Zhang Dongying , Zhang Meng , Wang Peihong , Liu Xiaohua , Ge Lina , Lin Wenxuan , Xu Yang , Zhang Yalan , Li Fengjuan , Xu Xujuan , Wu Honghe , Jackson Todd , Ungvari Gabor S , Cheung Teris , Xiang Yutao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) and its association with quality of life (QOL) among pregnant and postnatal women in China.MethodsIn this multicenter, cross-sectional study, 1,060 pregnant and postnatal women from eight hospitals were assessed. Depression and QOL were measured using standardized instruments.ResultsThe prevalence of depression was 7.45% (95%CI: 5.87%-9.04%) in the sample. Women with depression had lower QOL in physical, psychological, social and environmental domains compared to those without. Women with physical comorbidities were more likely to suffer from depression (OR=2.391, 95%CI=1.384-4.130, P=0.002).ConclusionDue to its negative association with QOL, increased attention should be paid to depression in pregnant and postnatal women. Regular screening assessment and preventive measures should be adopted to reduce risk of depression in this population.
Proximal Junction Kyphosis in Adult Scoliosis. Best Post-Operative Radiological Predictors. Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hong Zhang Qi , Manini Daudi Romani , Wang Xiang YU , Du Xuan YU 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Proximal junction kyphosis (PJK) is the post-surgical radiographic event seen in the surgical plane after the fusion of spinal deformity. Unfavorable health outcomes have been reported in symptomatic PJK patients. The purpose of this study was to assess which immediate post-surgical radiographic variable from the four proposed formulae is the best in forecasting the future occurrences of PJK in adult scoliosis after undergoing deformity correction.Methods: Data for adult scoliosis patients who underwent curve correction were extracted from the hospital database. Pelvic and spinal parameters were measured and calculated to compare four predictive formulae for occurrences of PJK. Formula 1：Restoration of hypothetical values of lumbar lordosis (LL) and thoracic kyphosis (TK) according to pelvic incidence (PI). Formula 2: evaluation of global sagittal alignment (GSA). Formula 3: Restoration of the apex of LL to its hypothetical position according to the spine shape. Formula 4: evaluation of positive-sum and negative-sum of (LL + TK).Results: The total number of cases was 52. There were 14 cases of PJK, the incidence of PJK was 26.9% and the mean age for PJK cases was 63.2±5.2. The excellent predictor for occurrences of PJK was formula 3, postsurgical sagittal apexes of lumbar lordosis were located in their hypothetical position in 24 cases, and 12.5% of these cases developed PJK. While sagittal apexes were not located in hypothetical position in 28 patients, 39.3% of patients developed PJK. P =0.03, OR 4.53, (95% CI 1.09-18.9). The second good predictor for occurrences of PJK was formula 2. GSA > 450 versus GSA <450 OR= 2.5, (95% CI, 0.67-9.38), P= 0.17. The other two formulae (1 and 4) were not good predictors for occurrences of PJK.Conclusion: Among the proposed formulae for predicting occurrences of PJK, the position of the sagittal apex of lumbar lordosis is an excellent predictor of the development of PJK followed by GSA. Hypothetical values of LL and TK, positive or negative-sum of (LL+TK) are weak predictors for occurrences of PJK.Trial registration: “retrospective registered”
Comparative Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis on Influence of Banding Conditions to Ascending Aorta Aneurysm Formation in Rat
Authors: Su Juan , Fan Jun , Tang Qing , Chang Shijie , Sha Xianzheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Ascending aortic aneurysm in an important cause of mortality in cardiovascular diseases. Stenosis of aortic is considered to be a risk factor as the ascending aortic aneurysm grows. Animal models have been demonstrated that ascending aortic aneurysm could be induced by supra valvular banding of the ascending aortic. Our objective is to compare different banding conditions on the formation of aneurysms for more precise experiment and improving the preclinical value. Therefore, three comparison banding groups of banding altitude, banding severity and banding angle are established based on rat. Then flow pattern, wall shear stress (WSS) and vessel deformation of each model are calculated and discussed using transient two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis in order to explore the influence of different banding methods on the generation of ascending aorta aneurysm.Results: Banding methods lead to different shapes or amplitudes of flow beam, WSS and vessel dilation. Eccentric flow beam, local high WSS accompany with vessel dilation are formed above the banding ring in all banding models because of the banding operation compared with normal model. More concentrated flow beam with bigger velocity, higher local WSS and more obvious expansion deformation above the banding ring are prone to happen in the middle segment banding with 60% banding severity and banding angle of 30 degree.Conclusion: According to the results, a higher position, relatively severe banding, and an acute banding angle are more favor to promote the generation of ascending aortic aneurysm.
COVID-19: Up to 87% Critically Ill Patients Had Low Vitamin C Values.
Authors: Tomasa-Irriguible Teresa Maria , Bielsa-Berrocal Lara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There are limited proven therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We underwent an observational study with the aim of measure plasma vitamin C levels in a population of adult ICU patients COVID-19 who met ARDS criteria according to the Berlin definition. This epidemiological study brings to light that up to 87% had low Vitamin C values. This observational study has the limitation it was undergone in a single center study. However, it shows an important issue. Given the potential role of vitamin C in sepsis and ARDS, there is gathering interest of whether supplementation could be beneficial in COVD-19. But, first of all, we had to know the incidence of vitamin C deficiency.