bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrigendum: Bond Risk Premiums with Machine Learning
Authors: Bianchi Daniele , Büchner Matthias , Hoogteijling Tobias , Tamoni Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this note we revisit the empirical results in Bianchi, Büchner, and Tamoni (2020) after correcting for using information not available at the time the forecast was made. Although we note a decrease in out-of-sample $R^2$, the revised analysis confirms that bond excess return predictability from neural networks remains statistically and economically significant.
Ten-year risk of cerebrovascular accidents in incident rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study of trends over time
Authors: Yazdani Kiana , Xie Hui , Avina-Zubieta J Antonio , Zheng Yufei , Abrahamowicz Michal , Lacaille Diane 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate secular trends in 10-year risk of incident cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), in incident RA relative to the general population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of a population-based incident cohort with RA onset from 1997 to 2004 in British Columbia, Canada, with matched general population controls (2:1), using administrative health data. RA and general population cohorts were divided according to year of RA onset, defined according to the first RA visit of the case definition. Incident CVA was defined as the first CVA occurring within 10 years from the first RA visit. Secular trend was assessed using delayed-entry Cox models with a two-way interaction term between the year of RA onset and indicator of RA vs general population. Linear, quadratic and spline functions of year of RA onset were compared with assess non-linear effects. The model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion was selected.ResultsOverall, 23 545 RA and 47 090 general population experienced 658 and 1220 incident CVAs, respectively. A spline Cox model with a knot at year of onset 1999 was selected. A significant decline in risk of CVA was observed in individuals with RA onset after 1999 [0.90 (0.86, 0.95); P = 0.0001]. The change in CVA risk over time differed significantly in RA with onset from 1999 onwards compared with the general population (P-value of interaction term = 0.03), but not before 1999 (P = 0.06).ConclusionOur findings suggest that people with RA onset from 1999 onwards, had a significantly greater decline in 10-year risk of CVA compared with the general population.
Substantia nigra pars reticulata-mediated sleep and motor activity regulation
Authors: Lai Yuan-Yang , Kodama Tohru , Hsieh Kung-Chiao , Nguyen Darian , Siegel Jerome M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) is a major output nucleus of the basal ganglia. Animal studies have shown that lesions of the SNR cause hyposomnia and motor hyperactivity, indicating that the SNR may play a role in the control of sleep and motor activity.

Methods
Eight 8- to 10-week-old adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. After 3 days of baseline polysomnographic recording, dialysates were collected from the lateral SNR across natural sleep–wake states. Muscimol and bicuculline were microinfused into the lateral SNR.

Results
We found that GABA release in the lateral SNR is negatively correlated with slow wave sleep (SWS; R = −0.266, p &lt; 0.01, n = 240) and positively correlated with waking (R = 0.265, p &lt; 0.01, n = 240) in rats. Microinfusion of muscimol into the lateral SNR decreased sleep time and sleep quality, as well as eliciting motor hyperactivity in wake and increased periodic leg movement in SWS, while bicuculline infused into the lateral SNR increased sleep and decreased motor activity in SWS in rats. Muscimol infusion skewed the distribution of inter-movement intervals, with most between 10 and 20 s, while a flat distribution of intervals between 10 and 90 s was seen in baseline conditions.

Conclusions
Activation of the lateral SNR is important for inducing sleep and inhibiting motor activity prior to and during sleep, and thus to the maintenance of sleep. Abnormal function of the lateral SNR may cause hyposomnia and motor hyperactivity in quiet wake and in sleep.
Metastatic Melanoma Negative for 5 Melanocytic Markers, Complete Regressed Primary Cutaneous Melanoma, and Melanoma-Associated Leukoderma in the Same Patient
Authors: Ramos-Rodríguez Claudia , García-Arpa Mónica , Relea-Calatayud Ma. Fernanda , González-López Lucía , Romero-Aguilera Guillermo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
Melanomas with complete histological regression have been seen very infrequently. On the other hand, the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma is based on the histopathology and positivity of markers such as S100, Melan-A, and HMB-45 whose sensitivity is 99%, 82%, and 76%, respectively. It is very rare that metastatic melanomas and even more primary melanoma are negative for all of these markers. In these rare cases, there is usually a known primary. We present the case of a 82-year-old woman with a erythematous mass in the left groin and a 1-cm black–bluish irregular nodule on the skin of the ipsilateral foot. This lesion was clinical and dermoscopically compatible with primary melanoma. In the histological evaluation of the skin, a dermis full of melanophages and hemosiderophages were found in a background of fibrosis, scarce lymphocytic infiltrate, and neovascularization. Any cells expressing melanocytic markers were observed. It was diagnosed as tumoral melanosis. Lymph nodes showed a proliferation of atypical epithelioid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitosis was conspicuous. Tumoral cells were vimentin and CD99 positive, and S100, CD34, HMB-45, Melan-A, SOX 10, tyrosinase, C-KIT, CD45, and CKAE1/AE3 negative, and BRAF-V600 mutated was detected. During follow-up, atypical vitiligo-like lesions were discovered, suggesting the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma totally regressed in our patient.
Differentiation of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Trichoepithelioma: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Carrasquillo Osward Y. , Cruzval-O'Reilly Estefanía , Sánchez Julio E. , Valentín-Nogueras Sheila M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy of the skin. It is an epithelial neoplasm with origin in the precursor cells of the interfollicular epidermis. Even though it has low metastatic potential, delay in management may lead to local destruction and morbidity. In contrast, trichoepithelioma (TE) is a benign tumor originating from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. Similar to BCC, TE tends to affect the head and neck region. Both neoplasms may exhibit clinical and histopathological similarities, making them prone to misdiagnosis. Multiple immunomarkers have been used to distinguish among these entities, but so far, no single agent or combination of agents appear to be neither sensitive nor specific enough to differentiate between them. This study was divided into 2 parts. First, 17 cases of BCC and 14 cases of TE were stained with androgen receptor and bcl-2. Then, 27 cases of borderline/equivocal of BCC and 13 cases of borderline/equivocal TE were stained with the same protocol. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each individual immunomarker and for the combination of them. Androgen receptor positivity was 100% specific for BCC and borderline/equivocal BCC, whereas bcl-2 diffuse staining pattern demonstrated a sensitivity of 82.4% for BCC and 88.9% borderline/equivocal BCC. When both immunomarkers were combined, the sensitivity for BCC decreased (70.6%) but the specificity remained high (100%). Similarly, the sensitivity for borderline/equivocal BCC was 55.6%, whereas the specificity was 100%. Although moderately sensitive, combining both immunomarkers showed an excellent specificity to discriminate between BCC and TE.
Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking Synkinesis With Ipsilateral Eyelid Myokymia
Authors: Althaqib Rawan N. , Khan Arif O. , Alsuhaibani Adel H. 
Published: August 2020

Marcus Gunn jaw-winking synkinesis (MGJWS) is not well understood. Ipsilateral eyelid myokymia is a potential feature of MGJWS. This finding suggests that peripheral dysinnervation is likely to be a part of MGJWS.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Purpose:
To describe a novel observation of ipsilateral eyelid myokymia in the context of Marcus Gunn jaw-winking synkinesis (MGJWS).

Methods:
A retrospective case series of 5 patients observed to have myokymia in the context of MGJWS in 2 tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was conducted. Demographic profile including age and gender, and clinical features were analyzed.

Results:
Five patients (3 males and 2 females) with MGJWS were noted to demonstrate the phenomenon of ipsilateral eyelid myokymia. All but 1 had right-sided MGJWS. The myokymia was seen as upper eyelid twitching in a vertical fashion along the levator palpebrae superioris muscle field of action. All subjects also had ipsilateral Monocular elevation deficiency.

Conclusion:
Ipsilateral upper eyelid myokymia is a potential feature of MGJWS. Monocular elevation seems to be a constant feature among MGJWS patients with levator muscle myokymia.
Ear Preference and Interaural Threshold Asymmetry
Authors: Chang Jolie L. , Huwyler Camille M. , Cueva Kristine L. , Henderson-Sabes Jennifer , Cheung Steven W. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To define the relationships among ear preference strength, audiometric interaural asymmetry magnitude, and hearing impairment.

Study Design:
Prospective, cross-sectional.

Setting:
Academic audiology clinic.

Patients:
Adults.

Interventions:
Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patient-reported ear preference strength using a seven-category preference (no preference; left or right somewhat, strongly, or completely) scheme, hearing disability level on the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing scale, and audiometric interaural threshold asymmetry were analyzed in three study cohorts: 1) normal hearing (thresholds ≤ 25 dB, n = 66), 2) symmetric hearing loss (any single threshold > 25 dB, n = 81), and 3) asymmetric hearing loss (maximum average interaural threshold difference at any two adjacent frequencies (IThrDmax2)≥ 15 dB, n = 112).

Results:
Receiver operating characteristic curves for somewhat, strongly, and completely ear preference levels using IThrDmax2 cutoff values at 15, 30, and 45 dB showed good to excellent classifier performance (all curve areas ≥ 0.84). The mapping of ear preference strength to the most likely IThrDmax2 range by odds ratio analysis demonstrated: no preference (< 15 dB), somewhat (15–29 dB), strongly (30–44 dB), and completely (≥ 45 dB). Complete dependence on one ear was associated with the most severe degradation in spatial hearing function.

Conclusion:
Categorical ratings of ear preference strength may be mapped to ranges of audiometric threshold asymmetry magnitude and spatial hearing disability level. Querying ear preference strength in routine clinical practice would enable practitioners to identify patients with asymmetric hearing more expeditiously and promote timely evaluation and treatment.
Correlation of Radiologic Versus Endoscopic Visualization of the Middle Ear: Implications for Endoscopic Ear Surgery
Authors: Bonali Marco , Fermi Matteo , Alicandri-Ciufelli Matteo , Mattioli Francesco , Villari Domenico , Presutti Livio , Anschuetz Lukas 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
To determine the limits of visualization during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (EES) by correlating the relationship between radiologic and endoscopic anatomy using angled optics.

Methods:
Radiology and endoscopic visualization of tensor fold, protympanum, facial sinus (FS), sinus tympani (ST), subtympanic sinus (STS), hypotympanum, and aditus ad antrum were analyzed using a transcanal approach in 30 human temporal bones specimens with different angled endoscopes (0 degree, 45 degrees, 70 degrees) to check for the full visualization of these regions. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed prior to dissection to classify retrotympanic anatomy. According to previously published descriptions, FS, ST, and STS were classified into types A, B, and C depending on their morphology relative to the mastoid segment of the facial nerve. These radiologic findings were compared to endoscopic visualization of these same structures using a Chi-squared test.

Results:
Visualization of the posterior wall of three different retrotympanic areas was significantly associated (FS p < 0.01; ST p < 0.01; STS p = 0.02) with the radiologic classification and endoscopic optical angle. Angled endoscopy improved visual access to the other subsites, especially the aditus ad antrum and the tensor fold (>70% with 45 degrees and 70 degrees).

Conclusion:
Complete visual access to the hidden recesses of the middle ear can be achieved using angled endoscopes (45 degrees and 70 degrees). We observed a statistically significant association of endoscopic visualization to radiologic description of the retrotympanum on CT and the optical angle used. The prediction of the endoscopic exposure of the retrotympanum from the preoperative CT is possible. Even with the use of 70 degrees lens, retrotympanum is not fully visualized on transcanal endoscopy if a type C retrotympanic recesses (posterior and medial to the facial nerve) is present. This represents a technical limit of exclusive transcanal EES.
Facial Paralysis in a Babylonian Plaque
Authors: Fulco William J. , Levy Sabrina L. , Canalis Rinaldo F. 
Published: August 2020

Hypothesis:
A terra cotta plaque [LMU 2551] from the Neo-Babylonian period (c.629-539 BCE), housed in the museum of the Archaeology Center at Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, is a representation of right peripheral facial paralysis.

Background:
Ancient representations of pathology are rare and often difficult to identify. This is particularly true of Assyrian-Babylonian cultures where, despite numerous surviving medical texts, artistic examples of disease are almost non-existent.

Methods:
Precise caliper measurements and archaeological analysis of LMU 2551 were used to confirm the authors’ hypothesis.

Results:
The facial distortions portrayed in LMU 2551 are not accidental. Measurements show a pronounced asymmetry of the lower face where the length from the mid-philtrum to the oral commissure and from the lateral edge of the ala nasi to the mid-ipsilateral nasolabial fold are twice as long in the left than in the right side. The left eye is closed, whereas the right is widely open.

Conclusion:
The described plaque is among the oldest representations of facial paralysis on record. It correlates with contemporary Babylonian texts describing neurological disorders but its function is unknown.
Transmastoid Labyrinthectomy for Menière's Disease: Experience and Outcomes
Authors: Bergmark Regan W. , Semco Robert S. , Abdul-Aziz Dunia , Rauch Steven D. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To characterize presurgical symptoms and treatment history and postoperative course in patients with medically recalcitrant Menière's disease undergoing transmastoid labyrinthectomy in the post-intratympanic gentamicin era.

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Tertiary academic medical center.

Patients:
All patients who underwent transmastoid labyrinthectomy for medically recalcitrant Menière's disease in 2003 to 2019 by the senior author.

Interventions:
Review of patients’ medical records for: preoperative history of drop attacks, gentamicin injections, endolymphatic sac decompression or vestibular neurectomy, preoperative audiograms, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and persistent symptoms or challenging recovery.

Main Outcome Measures:
Presurgical clinical history and proximal postoperative outcomes.

Results:
Seventy-two patients with a mean age of 56.7 (standard deviation [SD] 10.7) were included. All cases were unilateral. Forty-three patients (59.7%) suffered from drop attacks. Sixty-two (86.1%) had failed sufficient symptom control with gentamicin injections. The mean preoperative word recognition score was 36.4% (SD 23.7) versus 95.1% (SD 8.5) in the contralateral ear. The mean pure-tone average (PTA) of the ipsilateral ear before surgery was 65.5 dB (SD 18.0) versus 16.2 (SD 13.5) for the contralateral ear. Mean hospital stay was 2.0 days (SD 0.87 days, range of 1–5 d). Three patients (4.2%) had prolonged postoperative vertigo.

Conclusions:
Transmastoid labyrinthectomy at our center is performed for unilateral Menière's disease, generally when intratympanic gentamicin has failed. A majority of surgical patients suffer from drop attacks preoperatively. Hospital stay is typically brief.
Efficacy of Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir in Adolescents With Chronic Hepatitis C Genotypes 1, 3, and 4
Authors: Serranti Daniele , Nebbia Gabriella , Cananzi Mara , Nicastro Emanuele , Di Dato Fabiola , Nuti Federica , Garazzino Silvia , Silvestro Erika , Giacomet Vania , Forlanini Federica , Pinon Michele , Calvo Pier Luigi , Riva Silvia , Dodi Icilio , Cangelosi Antonina Marta , Antonucci Roberto , Ricci Silvia , Bartolini Elisa , Mastrangelo Greta , Trapani Sandra , Lenge Matteo , Gaio Paola , Vajro Pietro , Iorio Raffaele , D’Antiga Lorenzo , Indolfi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) has been approved by the European Medicine Agency (EMA) for the treatment of children and adolescents (at least 3 years of age) with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 1, 3, and 4 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SOF/LDV in adolescents (12 to <18 years old) with CHC in the real‐world setting.Methods:Prospective, open‐label, multicentre study involving 12 Italian centres. Patients received the fixed‐dose combination of SOF/LDV (400/90 mg) once daily ± ribavirin as per EMA approval and recommendations. The key efficacy endpoint was sustained virological response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12) as per intention‐to‐treat analysis. Safety was assessed by adverse events and clinical/laboratory data.Results:Seventy‐eight consecutive adolescents (median age 15.2 years, range 12–17.9; girls 53.8%) were enrolled and treated between June 2018 and December 2019. Genotype distribution was as follows: genotype 1 (82.1%), 3 (2.5%), and 4 (15.4%). Seventy‐six (97.4%) patients completed treatment and follow‐up. Overall, SVR12 was 98.7%. One patient was lost to follow‐up after 4 weeks of treatment; 1 patient completed treatment and missed the follow‐up visit. No virological breakthrough or relapse were observed. No patient experienced grade 3 to 4 adverse event or serious adverse event.Conclusions:The results of this real‐world study confirmed the high efficacy and the optimal safety profile of SOF/LDV for treatment of CHC in adolescents.
Factors Associated With Success and Failure of Weaning Children From Prolonged Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Dipasquale Valeria , Lecoeur Katia , Aumar Madeleine , Guimber Dominique , Coopman Stéphanie , Nicolas Audrey , Turck Dominique , Gottrand Frédéric , Ley Delphine 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aims of the present study were to assess the efficacy of a tube weaning program, and to identify factors associated with success and failure.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study including all pediatric patients on enteral nutrition (EN) for ≥6 months for whom at least 1 attempt of weaning was performed in a single tertiary referral center from 2012 to 2017, with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months after EN discontinuation. Weaning program was individualized to each child. Weaning success was defined a priori. Factors associated with success were investigated using multivariate analysis.Results:Ninety‐four patients were enrolled, in whom a total of 114 attempts of weaning were performed at a median age of 51 ± 40 months. Success was achieved in 80 attempts (success rate of 70%). One hundred three (92%) weaning attempts were performed at home with a follow‐up in the outpatient clinic, mostly (74%) by a progressive (>1 month) reduction of tube feeding. Patients who required psychological support during weaning had more failures than patients who did not (odds ratio = 5.7, 95% confidence interval [1.2–27.0], P = 0.03). The presence of impaired oral feeding skills at the time of EN discontinuation was also predictive of failure (odds ratio = 6.2, 95% confidence interval [0.05–0.5], P = 0.005).Conclusions:Our progressive, mostly outpatient‐based, patient‐tailored program of weaning from EN is effective for tube‐dependent children. Children who need psychological support during weaning and those who present impaired oral feeding skills represent a subgroup of at‐risk patients for whom alternative weaning strategies may need to be considered.
Fall Prevention Decision Making of Acute Care Registered Nurses
Authors: Fehlberg Elizabeth A. , Cook Christa L. , Bjarnadottir Ragnhildur I. , McDaniel Anna M. , Shorr Ronald I. , Lucero Robert J. 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine acute care registered nurses' (RNs') fall prevention decision-making.

BACKGROUND
The RN decision-making process related to fall prevention needs to be investigated to ensure that hospital policies align with nursing workflow and support nursing judgment.

METHODS
Qualitative semistructured interviews based on the Critical Decision Method were conducted with RNs about their planning and decision making during their last 12-hour shift worked.

RESULTS
Data saturation was achieved with 12 RNs. Nine themes emerged related to the RN decision-making process and included hospital-level (eg, fear of discipline), unit-level (eg, value of bed alarm technology), and nurse-level (eg, professional judgment) factors that could influence fall prevention.

CONCLUSIONS
Nursing administrators should consider a multilevel approach to fall prevention policies that includes promoting a practice environment that embraces self-reporting adverse events without fear of shame or being reprimanded, evaluating unit-level practice and technology acceptance and usability, and supporting autonomous nursing practice.
Clinical Nurses' Perceptions of Authentic Nurse Leadership and Healthy Work Environment
Authors: Raso Rosanne , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. , Masick Kevin 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between clinical nurses' perception of the authentic nurse leadership of their manager and their perception of the work environment on their unit.

BACKGROUND
Authentic leadership (AL) and healthy work environments contribute to staff engagement and improved patient outcomes. There is limited research linking these 2 variables.

METHODS
Two hundred fifty-four clinical nurses at a national conference participated in a cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive study using the Authentic Nurse Leadership Questionnaire and the Critical Elements of a Healthy Work Environment Survey.

RESULTS
Overall, nurses rated the authentic nurse leadership of their manager as present most of the time and agreed their work environment was healthy. There was a moderate correlation between AL and healthy work environment. Background variables were not significantly related to nurses' perceptions of the authentic nurse leadership of their manager or their work environment.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the 1st study using these authentic nurse leadership and healthy work environment frameworks. In this novel nursing model of AL, caring is an attribute that was valued by frontline nurses. This is a call to action for leadership development at every level using AL principles and for the improvement of lagging domains in nursing work environments, both critically needed during challenging healthcare times and for the ultimate purpose of improving patient and workforce outcomes.