bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the cause of hybrid morphology radio sources (HyMoRS)
Authors: Harwood Jeremy J , Vernstrom Tessa , Stroe Andra 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Hybrid morphology radio sources (HyMoRS) are a rare group of radio galaxies in which differing Fanaroff & Riley morphologies (FR I/II) are observed for each of the two lobes. While they potentially provide insights into the formation of lobe structure, particle acceleration, and the FR dichotomy, previous work on HyMoRS has mainly been limited to low-resolution studies, searches for new candidates, and milliarcsecond-scale VLBI observations of the core region. In this paper, we use new multi-array configuration Very Large Array (VLA) observations between 1 and 8 GHz to determine the morphology of HyMoRS on arcsecond scales and perform the first well-resolved spectral study of these unusual sources. We find that while the apparent FR I lobe is centre brightened, this is the result of a compact acceleration region resembling a hotspot with a spectrum more consistent with an FR II (‘strong-flavour’) jet. We find that the spectra of the apparent FR I lobes are not similar to their classical counterparts and are likely the result of line-of-sight mixing of plasma across a range of spectral ages. We consider possible mechanisms that could lead to the formation of HyMoRS under such conditions, including environment asymmetry and restarted sources, concluding through the use of simple modelling that HyMoRS are the result of orientation effects on intrinsically FR II sources with lobes non-parallel to the inner jet.
Efficacy of early stellar feedback in low gas surface density environments
Authors: Kannan Rahul , Marinacci Federico , Simpson Christine M , Glover Simon C O , Hernquist Lars 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a suite of high-resolution radiation hydrodynamic simulations of a small patch (1 kpc2) of the interstellar medium (ISM) performed with arepo-rt, with the aim to quantify the efficacy of various feedback processes like supernova (SN) explosions, photoheating, and radiation pressure in low gas surface density galaxies (Σgas ≃ 10 M⊙ pc−2). We show that radiative feedback decrease the star formation rate and therefore the total stellar mass formed by a factor of approximately two. This increases the gas depletion time-scale and brings the simulated Kennicutt–Schmidt relation closer to the observational estimates. Radiation feedback coupled with SN is more efficient at driving outflows with the mass and energy loading increasing by a factor of ∼10. This increase is mainly driven by the additional entrainment of medium-density (10−2  cm−3 ≤ n &lt; 1 cm−3) warm (300 K ≤ T &lt; 8000 K) material. Therefore, including radiative feedback tends to launch colder, denser, and more mass- and energy-loaded outflows. This is because photoheating of the high-density gas around a newly formed star overpressurizes the region, causing it to expand. This reduces the ambient density in which the SN explode by a factor of 10–100 which in turn increases their momentum output by a factor of ∼1.5–2.5. Finally, we note that in these low gas surface density environments, radiative feedback primarily impact the ISM via photoheating and radiation pressure has only a minimal role in regulating star formation.
The SCOP database in 2020: expanded classification of representative family and superfamily domains of known protein structures
Authors: Andreeva Antonina , Kulesha Eugene , Gough Julian , Murzin Alexey G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a classification of protein domains organised according to their evolutionary and structural relationships. We report a major effort to increase the coverage of structural data, aiming to provide classification of almost all domain superfamilies with representatives in the PDB. We have also improved the database schema, provided a new API and modernised the web interface. This is by far the most significant update in coverage since SCOP 1.75 and builds on the advances in schema from the SCOP 2 prototype. The database is accessible from http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.
Nuclear Ccr4-Not mediates the degradation of telomeric and transposon transcripts at chromatin in the Drosophila germline
Authors: Kordyukova Maria , Sokolova Olesya , Morgunova Valeriya , Ryazansky Sergei , Akulenko Natalia , Glukhov Sergey , Kalmykova Alla 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ccr4-Not is a highly conserved complex involved in cotranscriptional RNA surveillance pathways in yeast. In Drosophila, Ccr4-Not is linked to the translational repression of miRNA targets and the posttranscriptional control of maternal mRNAs during oogenesis and embryonic development. Here, we describe a new role for the Ccr4-Not complex in nuclear RNA metabolism in the Drosophila germline. Ccr4 depletion results in the accumulation of transposable and telomeric repeat transcripts in the fraction of chromatin-associated RNA; however, it does not affect small RNA levels or the heterochromatin state of the target loci. Nuclear targets of Ccr4 mainly comprise active full-length transposable elements (TEs) and telomeric and subtelomeric repeats. Moreover, Ccr4-Not foci localize at telomeres in a Piwi-dependent manner, suggesting a functional relationship between these pathways. Indeed, we detected interactions between the components of the Ccr4-Not complex and piRNA machinery, which indicates that these pathways cooperate in the nucleus to recognize and degrade TE transcripts at transcription sites. These data reveal a new layer of transposon control in the germline, which is critical for the maintenance of genome integrity.
John Stuart Mill
Authors: Riley Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

John Stuart Mill (b. 1806–d. 1873) was a brilliant philosopher who also displayed a passion for justice and equal rights. He represents the British empiricist “school of experience” at its finest, a school that includes luminaries such as John Locke, David Hume, David Hartley, Jeremy Bentham, James Mill, and Alexander Bain. He was a naturalist who held that humans are to be understood as belonging to the natural order. He was also a phenomenalist, which has epistemological and metaphysical aspects. For him, human knowledge is confined to appearances; that is, occurrences, memories, and expectations of sensations: we have no means of knowing the real essence of things in themselves, which we may believe produce our sensations but lie hidden behind them. He was neither a metaphysical idealist nor a materialist: he makes the epistemic claim that humans cannot know whether a fundamental substrate is matter or spirit or both, but he never denies that it exists. Remaining agnostic about fundamental ontology, he endorses a “psychological” approach to metaphysics, according to which we can analyze how the human mind constructs complex mental states, including ideas, desires, emotions, and volitions, out of sensations on an a posteriori basis in accord with psychological laws, with the caveat that some mental phenomena may remain inexplicable. This psychological approach is admittedly compatible with George Berkeley’s idealism, but it is also compatible with a belief in the existence of matter defined as “permanent possibility of sensation,” where the permanent possibility exists independently of whether we are actually experiencing the sensations. We cannot know that the possibility necessarily exists, but we observe that it always does, and this supports an enumerative induction that a fundamental substrate lies behind our sensations, although we have no idea of its real nature. Mill goes on to construct a pluralistic liberal version of hedonistic utilitarianism in accord with his naturalism and phenomenalism. His argument that utilitarianism can support a system of strong liberal rights, including a distinctive right of absolute liberty for self-regarding conduct that does not cause any nonconsensual harm to others, which he considered a suitable extension of the right of religious liberty, continues to inspire interest, although most scholars are not convinced. He was also a prominent political economist, theorist of representative democracy, and radical feminist. But his defense of the British Empire and of despotic government for barbarian populations now provokes outrage from modern critics, even if he had in mind a “tolerant imperialism” and a “self-abolishing” despotism designed to prepare the natives for self-government.
Progressing the Conceptualization of Value Co-creation in Public Service Organizations
Authors: Cluley Victoria , Radnor Zoe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Value and how it is produced/created in public service organizations (PSOs) represents a current and significant issue for those researching and working in public sector management as well as public service users. Recently it has been suggested that value in PSOs is created rather than co-produced through a relationship between the service user and the service provider based on the service user’s wider life experience. Importantly, this definition shifts the emphasis from the PSO (the focus of value co-production) to the PSO service user and their wider life experience. This is by no means an agreed conceptualization; there are many and varied definitions of value and its creation process. In this article, we develop a philosophical foundation for the value creation process in PSOs, something we argue is fundamentally missing from current conceptualizations. To do this, we draw on the work of Deleuze and Guattari, repositioning the basis of value co-creation from a service logic to a logic of assemblage. We then apply this framework to a practical example of public service use to show how it can be used to make sense of reality.
Hospitalization in fibromyalgia: a cohort-level observational study of in-patient procedures, costs and geographical variation in England
Authors: Soni Anushka , Santos-Paulo Stephanie , Segerdahl Andrew , Javaid M Kassim , Pinedo-Villanueva Rafael , Tracey Irene 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Fibromyalgia is a complex, debilitating, multifactorial condition that can be difficult to manage. Recommended treatments are usually delivered in outpatient settings; evidence suggests that significant inpatient care occurs. We describe the scale and cost of inpatient care with a primary diagnostic code of fibromyalgia within the English National Health Service.

Methods
We conducted a cohort-level observational study of all patients admitted to hospital due to a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2018 inclusive, in the National Health Service in England. We used data from Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care to study: the age and sex of patients admitted, number and costs of admissions, length of stay, procedures undertaken, class and type of admission, and distribution of admissions across clinical commissioning groups.

Results
A total of 24 295 inpatient admissions, costing £20 220 576, occurred during the 4-year study period. Most patients were women (89%) with peak age of admission of between 45 and 55 years. Most admissions were elective (92%). A number of invasive therapeutic procedures took place, including a continuous i.v. infusion (35%). There was marked geographical variation in the prevalence and cost of inpatient fibromyalgia care delivered across the country, even after accounting for clinical commissioning group size.

Conclusions
Many patients are admitted for treatment of their fibromyalgia and given invasive procedures for which there is weak evidence, with significant variation in practice and cost across the country. This highlights the need to identify areas of resource use that can be rationalized and diverted to provide more effective, evidence-based treatment.
Anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies: warning lights of a tumour autoantigen
Authors: De Vooght Julie , Vulsteke Jean-Baptiste , De Haes Petra , Bossuyt Xavier , Lories Rik , De Langhe Ellen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1)-γ autoantibodies are robustly linked with cancer-associated DM in adults. This review aims to give an overview of the physiological context of TIF1-γ and to determine whether there is a pathophysiological link between anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies and the occurrence of cancer. Detection of anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies has a high sensitivity and specificity for cancer-associated DM in adults and is therefore useful for both diagnosis and cancer risk stratification. The function of the autoantigen, TIF1-γ, may provide insight into the mechanism behind this association. TIF1-γ is a ubiquitously present protein involved in various biological pathways, including TGF-β signalling. In cancer, it can act either as a tumour suppressor or promoter, depending on the cellular context and cancer stage. Evolving data provide pathophysiological insights, linking anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies to both the anti-tumour response and to muscle and skin damage. TIF1-γ expression is increased in muscle and skin tissue of patients with DM. Mutations or loss-of-heterozygosity in TIF1-γ alleles in malignant tissue may result in the expression of tumour-specific neo-antigens stimulating autoantibody production. The newly formed autoantibodies are hypothesized to cross-react with antigens in muscle and skin, driving the development of DM. Based on the current evidence, anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies should be considered warning lights of a potential tumour autoantigen and should alert the physician to the possibility of an underlying cancer.
Filling in the Gaps of Scleroderma Ulcer Care: A Review
Authors: Wagner Keith D. , Woolridge Kate , Group Ashley 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Digital ulcers are a serious complication in 50% of patients with scleroderma. These ulcers have the potential to resist conventional therapies. There have been several reviews of scleroderma care over the last 5 years, but there are new developments in this field that advance clinician knowledge. This review provides an overview of previous digital ulcer management and a concise summary of new peer-reviewed literature on the topic since 2015 to provide guidance to practitioners and researchers seeking well-supported and novel/off-label therapies to consider.
Twelve weeks of resistance band exercise training improves age-associated hormonal decline, blood pressure, and body composition in postmenopausal women with stage 1 hypertension: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Son Won-Mok , Pekas Elizabeth J. , Park Song-Young 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Menopause is often accompanied by an age-associated hormonal decline, increased blood pressure (BP), and poor body composition, which may collectively increase risks for cardiovascular disease. It is important to combat the negative effects on age-associated hormonal decline, BP, and body composition by incorporating appropriate lifestyle interventions, such as exercise. We sought to examine the effects of a 12-week resistance band exercise training program on aging-related hormones including estradiol, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), BP, and body composition in postmenopausal women with stage 1 hypertension.

Methods:
Postmenopausal women with stage 1 hypertension (n = 20) were recruited and randomly assigned to a 12-week resistance band exercise training group (EX, n = 10) or control group (CON, n = 10). The EX group performed a total-body resistance band exercise training program. Levels of estradiol, GH, IGF-1, DHEA-S, as well as BP and body composition were assessed before and after 12 weeks.

Results:
There were significant group by time interactions (P < 0.05) for estradiol, GH, IGF-1, DHEA-S, and lean body mass, which significantly increased (P < 0.05), and systolic BP, total body mass, body mass index, and body fat percentage, which significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after EX compared to no changes in CON. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in diastolic BP after 12 weeks.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that 12 weeks of resistance band exercise may be an effective, easily accessible, and cost-efficient intervention for improving age-associated hormonal decline, high BP, and poor body composition in postmenopausal women with stage 1 hypertension.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A494.
Plasma levels of miR-30d-5p are decreased in regularly exercising postmenopausal women
Authors: Kranjc Tilen , Milojević Marko , Kocjan Tomaž , Jensterle Mojca , Marc Janja , Ostanek Barbara 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Plasma/serum microRNAs (miRNAs) are proposed to have a role in the development of osteoporosis, and their levels can be affected by physical activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze differences in plasma miRNAs levels in postmenopausal women and to simultaneously find novel extracellular miRNAs that are associated with variations in physical activities.

Methods:
We measured hsa-miR-148a-3p, hsa-miR-125b, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-93-5p, and hsa-miR-30d-5p in a cohort of 149 postmenopausal women divided into subgroups based on the amount of physical activity by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Further, the correlation of plasma microRNAs with sit-to-stand performance was examined. DIANA web server was used to find which Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (P < 0.05) were regulated by miRNAs associated with physical activity and sit-to-stand performance.

Results:
Plasma levels of hsa-miR-30d-5p were significantly (P = 0.015) lower in participants with higher physical activity, and a borderline trend for hsa-miR-21-5p (P = 0.06) was noticed. Higher plasma levels of hsa-miR-21-5p (P = 0.01) and hsa-miR-93-5p (P = 0.04) were observed in the group with reduced sit-to-stand performance. The two miRNAs seem to primarily regulate fatty acid metabolism-related processes.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that levels of selected cell-free miRNAs in postmenopausal women are associated with different physical activity regimes.
Communication Mode and Speech and Language Outcomes of Young Cochlear Implant Recipients: A Comparison of Auditory-Verbal, Oral Communication, and Total Communication
Authors: Thomas Ellen S. , Zwolan Teresa A. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of communication mode on the spoken language outcomes of children who received a cochlear implant.

Study Design:
Retrospective analysis of postoperative speech and language and reading scores for children who received a cochlear implant and used three different modes of communication: auditory-verbal (AV) (n = 39), oral communication (OC) (n = 107), and total communication (TC) (n = 57).

Setting:
A single tertiary cochlear implant clinic.

Patients:
All children received their cochlear implant before the age of 5 years, had no known cochlear anomaly or cognitive delay that would affect their outcome with the CI, and had established consistent use of their respective communication methodology.

Intervention:
Rehabilitation varied depending on the selected communication methodology. Data were collected during routine postoperative speech and language evaluations.

Main Outcome Measures:
Receptive and expressive language, reading comprehension, and speech intelligibility scores obtained up to 7 years post-activation of a cochlear implant.

Results:
All groups showed improvements over time. Linear mixed model analyses indicated scores obtained by children in the AV group were significantly higher than mean scores obtained by children in the other groups on most test measures at most post-implant intervals. Significantly greater numbers of children in the AV group obtained standard scores within normal limits than children in the OC and TC groups.

Conclusions:
These findings support the use of the auditory-verbal communication approach to facilitate development of age-appropriate speech and language and literacy skills in profoundly deaf children.
Evaluation of Artificial Fixation of the Incus and Malleus With Minimally Invasive Intraoperative Laser Vibrometry (MIVIB) in a Temporal Bone Model
Authors: Gladiné Kilian , Wales Jeremy , Silvola Juha , Muyshondt Pieter G. G. , Topsakal Vedat , Van De Heyning Paul , Dirckx Joris J. J. , von Unge Magnus 
Published: October 2019

Background:
A significant number of adults suffer from conductive hearing loss due to chronic otitis media, otosclerosis, or other pathologies. An objective measurement of ossicular mobility is needed to avoid unnecessarily invasive middle ear surgery and to improve hearing outcomes.

Methods:
Minimally invasive intraoperative laser vibrometry provides a method that is compatible with middle ear surgery, where the tympanic membrane is elevated. The ossicles were driven by a floating mass transducer and their mobility was measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer. Utilising this method, we assessed both the absolute velocities of the umbo and incus long process as well as the incus-to-umbo velocity ratio during artificial fixation of the incus alone or incus and malleus together.

Results:
The reduction of absolute velocities was 8 dB greater at the umbo and 17 dB at the incus long process for incus-malleus fixations when compared with incus fixation alone. Incus fixation alone resulted in no change to the incus-to-umbo velocity ratio where incus-malleus fixations reduced this ratio (−11 dB). The change in incus velocity was shown to be the most suitable parameter to distinguish between incus fixation and incus-malleus fixation. When the whole frequency range was analyzed, one could also differentiate these two fixations from previously published stapes fixation, where the higher frequencies were less affected.

Conclusion:
Minimally invasive intraoperative laser vibrometry provides a promising objective analysis of ossicular mobility that would be useful intraoperatively.
The Management of Tympanic Membrane Perforation With Endoscopic Type I Tympanoplasty
Authors: Marchioni Daniele , Gazzini Luca , De Rossi Stefano , Di Maro Flavia , Sacchetto Luca , Carner Marco , Bianconi Luca 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
The objective of this study is to describe what we consider to be the state-of-the-art procedure for the treatment of tympanic membrane perforations, and to present the results attained in our institution.

Study Design:
A retrospective cohort study, using data of Verona University Hospital, Italy. This medical record includes the data of 98 patients who underwent 100 transcanal endoscopic type I tympanoplasties from November 2014 to October 2017.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center University Hospital of Verona, Italy.

Patients:
Were enrolled 109 patients, that underwent endoscopic type I tympanoplasty in the period considered. Out of the selected patients, 11 (10.1%) were lost to long-term follow-up, and were therefore excluded from our study. Other exclusion criteria were surgical approaches that included other procedures. Patients whose follow-up was shorter than 6 months were excluded from this study.

Intervention:
The technique is based on an endoscopic placement of underlay graft of temporal fascia or tragal cartilage. We consider the data of four surgeons from Verona University ENT department.

Main Outcome Measure:
In the study we considered the reduction of the Air Bone Gap as functional outcome and the integrity of the reconstruction as anatomical outcome of success.

Results:
No major intraoperative complications were observed. The closure rate was 86%. The mean surgery time was 48.6 minutes. The air bone gap was improved within 20 DB HL in 89% of patient. Only 8% of patients needed revision surgery, and none needed a third surgical evaluation.

Conclusion:
Endoscopic ear surgery is by now a reality that has replaced in many cases exclusive microscopic ear surgery. Transcanal endoscopic type I tympanoplasty can be considered nowadays as an alternative technique for tympanic membrane perforations.