bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Mismatch Concepts for Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided Thrombolysis in Unknown Onset Stroke
Authors: Scheldeman Lauranne , Wouters Anke , Boutitie Florent , Dupont Patrick , Christensen Soren , Cheng Bastian , Ebinger Martin , Endres Matthias , Fiebach Jochen B. , Gerloff Christian , Muir Keith W. , Nighoghossian Norbert , Pedraza Salvador , Simonsen Claus Z. , Thijs Vincent , Thomalla Götz , Lemmens Robin ,   for the WAKE‐UP Investigators
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence of the perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI)–diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) mismatch and response to intravenous thrombolysis in the WAKE‐UP trial.MethodsWe performed a prespecified post hoc analysis of ischemic stroke patients screened for DWI–fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch in WAKE‐UP who underwent PWI. We defined PWI‐DWI mismatch as ischemic core volume < 70ml, mismatch volume > 10ml, and mismatch ratio > 1.2. Primary efficacy end point was a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 at 90 days, adjusted for age and symptom severity.ResultsOf 1,362 magnetic resonance imaging–screened patients, 431 underwent PWI. Of these, 57 (13%) had a double mismatch, 151 (35%) only a DWI‐FLAIR mismatch, and 54 (13%) only a PWI‐DWI mismatch. DWI‐FLAIR mismatch was more prevalent than PWI‐DWI mismatch (48%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 43–53% vs 26%, 95% CI = 22–30%; p < 0.0001). Screening for either one of the mismatch profiles resulted in a yield of 61% (95% CI = 56–65%). Prevalence of PWI‐DWI mismatch was similar in patients with (27%) or without (24%) DWI‐FLAIR mismatch (p = 0.52). In an exploratory analysis in the small subgroup of 208 randomized patients with PWI, PWI‐DWI mismatch status did not modify the treatment response (p for interaction = 0.73).InterpretationEvaluating both the DWI‐FLAIR and PWI‐DWI mismatch patterns in patients with unknown time of stroke onset will result in the highest yield of thrombolysis treatment. The treatment benefit of alteplase in patients with a DWI‐FLAIR mismatch seems to be driven not merely by the presence of a PWI‐DWI mismatch, although this analysis was underpowered. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:931–938
Comparison of complex modeling strategies for prediction of a binary outcome based on a few, highly correlated predictors
Authors: Chiabudini Marco , Schumacher Martin , Graf Erika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMotivated by a clinical prediction problem, a simulation study was performed to compare different approaches for building risk prediction models. Robust prediction models for hospital survival in patients with acute heart failure were to be derived from three highly correlated blood parameters measured up to four times, with predictive ability having explicit priority over interpretability. Methods that relied only on the original predictors were compared with methods using an expanded predictor space including transformations and interactions. Predictors were simulated as transformations and combinations of multivariate normal variables which were fitted to the partly skewed and bimodally distributed original data in such a way that the simulated data mimicked the original covariate structure. Different penalized versions of logistic regression as well as random forests and generalized additive models were investigated using classical logistic regression as a benchmark. Their performance was assessed based on measures of predictive accuracy, model discrimination, and model calibration. Three different scenarios using different subsets of the original data with different numbers of observations and events per variable were investigated. In the investigated setting, where a risk prediction model should be based on a small set of highly correlated and interconnected predictors, Elastic Net and also Ridge logistic regression showed good performance compared to their competitors, while other methods did not lead to substantial improvements or even performed worse than standard logistic regression. Our work demonstrates how simulation studies that mimic relevant features of a specific data set can support the choice of a good modeling strategy.
Consensus on definition and severity grading of lymphatic complications after kidney transplantation
Authors: Mehrabi A , Kulu Y , Sabagh M , Khajeh E , Mohammadi S , Ghamarnejad O , Golriz M , Morath C , Bechstein W O , Berlakovich G A , Demartines N , Duran M , Fischer L , Gürke L , Klempnauer J , Königsrainer A , Lang H , Neumann U P , Pascher A , Paul A , Pisarski P , Pratschke J , Schneeberger S , Settmacher U , Viebahn R , Wirth M , Wullich B , Zeier M , Büchler M W 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of lymphatic complications after kidney transplantation varies considerably in the literature. This is partly because a universally accepted definition has not been established. This study aimed to propose an acceptable definition and severity grading system for lymphatic complications based on their management strategy.MethodsRelevant literature published in MEDLINE and Web of Science was searched systematically. A consensus for definition and a severity grading was then sought between 20 high-volume transplant centres.ResultsLymphorrhoea/lymphocele was defined in 32 of 87 included studies. Sixty-three articles explained how lymphatic complications were managed, but none graded their severity. The proposed definition of lymphorrhoea was leakage of more than 50 ml fluid (not urine, blood or pus) per day from the drain, or the drain site after removal of the drain, for more than 1 week after kidney transplantation. The proposed definition of lymphocele was a fluid collection of any size near to the transplanted kidney, after urinoma, haematoma and abscess have been excluded. Grade A lymphatic complications have a minor and/or non-invasive impact on the clinical management of the patient; grade B complications require non-surgical intervention; and grade C complications require invasive surgical intervention.ConclusionA clear definition and severity grading for lymphatic complications after kidney transplantation was agreed. The proposed definitions should allow better comparisons between studies.
The role of peroxisomes in xylose alcoholic fermentation in the engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Dzanaeva Ljubov , Kruk Barbara , Ruchala Justyna , Nielsen Jens , Sibirny Andriy , Dmytruk Kostyantyn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractXylose is a second‐most abounded sugar after glucose in lignocellulosic hydrolysates and should be efficiently fermented for economically viable second‐generation ethanol production. Despite significant progress in metabolic and evolutionary engineering, xylose fermentation rate of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains lower than that for glucose. Our recent study demonstrated that peroxisome‐deficient cells of yeast Ogataea polymorpha showed a decrease in ethanol production from xylose. In this work, we have studied the role of peroxisomes in xylose alcoholic fermentation in the engineered xylose‐utilizing strain of S. cerevisiae. It was shown that peroxisome‐less pex3Δ mutant possessed 1.5‐fold decrease of ethanol production from xylose. We hypothesized that peroxisomal catalase Cta1 may have importance for hydrogen peroxide, the important component of reactive oxygen species, detoxification during xylose alcoholic fermentation. It was clearly shown that CTA1 deletion impaired ethanol production from xylose. It was found that enhancing the peroxisome population by modulation the peroxisomal biogenesis by overexpression of PEX34 activates xylose alcoholic fermentation.
Nanoemulsions of Acai Oil: Physicochemical Characterization for the Topical Delivery of Antifungal Drugs
Authors: Loureiro Contente Denise Maria , Pereira Rayanne Rocha , Rodrigues Antonio Manoel Cruz , da Silva Edilene Oliveira , Ribeiro-Costa Roseane Maria , Carrera Silva-Júnior José Otavio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanoemulsion‐based acai oil was obtained by the phase inversion method using two nonionic surfactants, Ceteareth‐20 (Brij™ CS20) and polyoxyethylene‐hydrogenated castor oil (Croduret™ 50), with the concentration of each surfactant varying from 7 to 10 %. The formulation with 10 % Brij CS20 presented the best values for droplet size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI). Ketoconazole was incorporated into this formulation, with an encapsulation efficiency of 98.31 % and equally good zeta potential, droplet size, and PDI, and spherical shape when observed by transmission electron microscopy. Overall, nanoemulsions of acai oil proved to be a good vehicle for imidazole antifungals such as ketoconazole.
Current‐Induced Ion Concentration Polarization at a Perfect Ion‐Exchange Patch in an Infinite Insulating Wall
Authors: Bondarenko Mykola P. , Bruening Merlin L. , Yaroshchuk Andriy E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis research examines, theoretically, the ion concentration polarization, ion fluxes, and electrostatic fields near an ion‐exchange patch in the wall of an electrified fluidic channel. These phenomena are important in related microfluidic ion‐preconcentration systems. Under an electric field, counter ions enter the ion‐exchange patch at one side and leave at the other, with salt depletion occurring near the entrance and accumulation near the exit. The high patch conductivity and the concentration profiles lead to local electric field perturbations that may facilitate preconcentration. This study includes analytical expressions of ion concentrations and electrochemical potentials at small to moderate electric fields, as well as numerical simulations. Additionally, a simple matrix of polynomial coefficients (obtained via fitting of numerical data) enables analytical calculation of the two‐dimensional concentration profiles at all electric fields within the range investigated in the numerical simulations. This is possible because a single dimensionless parameter controls this problem.
Data‐driven nonlinear chemical process fault diagnosis based on hierarchical representation learning
Authors: Wang Yang , Jiang Qingchao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRepresentation extraction is crucial in data‐driven process monitoring, and deep neural network (DNN) is an efficient tool for extracting representations from considerable process data. This study proposes a hierarchical representation learning (HRL) method that integrates the deep belief neural (DBN) network and support vector data description (SVDD) for efficient nonlinear chemical process fault diagnosis. First, hierarchical representations containing meaningful process information are generated through a DBN network by utilizing generally massive normal operating process data. Second, an SVDD‐based decision‐making system is constructed using generally small‐sized faulty data. Three experimental studies are then conducted. A comparison of results with those of several state‐of‐the‐art methods reveal the suitability of the HRL method for process monitoring due to its two main advantages. First, DNN has a superior representative ability and generates representations with richer process information than conventional data‐driven methods. Second, the HRL method utilizes available process data and is suitable for practical conditions in which considerable normal operating data but limited small‐sized faulty data are available.
Biochemical Characterization of an Arginine 2,3‐Aminomutase with Dual Substrate Specificity
Authors: Zhao Junfeng , Ji Wenjuan , Ji Xinjian , Zhang Qi 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe radical S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) aminomutases represent an important pathway for the biosynthesis of β‐amino acids. In this study, we report biochemical characterization of BlsG involved in blasticidin S biosynthesis as a radical SAM arginine 2,3‐aminomutase. We showed that BlsG acts on both L‐arginine and L‐lysine with comparable catalytic efficiencies. Similar dual substrate specificity was also observed for the lysine 2,3‐aminomutase from Escherichia coli (LAMEC). The catalytic efficiency of LAMEC is similar to that of BlsG, but is significantly lower than that of the enzyme from Clostridium subterminale (LAMCS), which acts only on L‐lysine rather than on L‐arginine. Moreover, we showed that enzymes can be grouped into two major phylogenetic clades, each corresponding to a certain C3 stereochemistry of the β‐amino acid product. Our study expands the radical SAM aminomutase members and provides insights into enzyme evolution, supporting a trade‐off between substrate promiscuity and catalytic efficiency.
Retinal topography and spectral sensitivity of the Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni)
Authors: Peel Lauren R. , Collin Shaun P. , Hart Nathan S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the visual system of the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni, a shallow‐dwelling benthic species and generalist predator endemic to the temperate coastal waters around southern Australia. Measurements of retinal spectral sensitivity in juvenile sharks, made using single flash and heterochromatic flicker photometry under conditions of dark‐ or light‐adaptation, indicated a peak sensitivity at around 500 nm, with no evidence of a spectral shift with increasing levels of light adaptation. Histological sections of the retina revealed a heavily rod dominated retina containing only a few small cell profiles in the photoreceptor layer that might represent a sparse cone population or may be immature rods. Assessment of retinal topography in juvenile sharks indicated the presence of a distinct specialisation for increased visual spatial acuity in the form of a horizontal streak of higher rod photoreceptor (~80,000 rods mm−2) and ganglion cell (~1,800 cells mm−2) densities across the horizontal meridian of the eye. This specialization would be adaptive for panoramic sampling of the part of the visual field corresponding to the substrate‐water interface and remove the need for H. portusjacksoni to move its eyes extensively when resting on the sea floor. The estimated upper limit of spatial resolving power in juvenile H. portusjacksoni was 3.14 cycles deg−1, which is at the lower end of values measured in elasmobranchs. Taken together, these results suggest that the retina of H. portusjacksoni is well adapted for nocturnal vision.
Novel data‐placement scheme for improving the data locality of Hadoop in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Bae Minho , Yeo Sangho , Park Gyudong , Oh Sangyoon 
Published: March 2020

SummaryTo address the challenging needs of high‐performance big data processing, parallel‐distributed frameworks such as Hadoop are being utilized extensively. However, in heterogeneous environments, the performance of Hadoop clusters is below par. This is primarily because the blocks of the clusters are allocated equally to all nodes without regard to differences in the capability of individual nodes. This results in reduced data locality. Thus, a new data‐placement scheme that enhances data locality is required for Hadoop in heterogeneous environments. This article proposes a new data placement scheme that preserves the same degree of data locality in heterogeneous environments as that of the standard Hadoop, with only a small amount of replicated data. In the proposed scheme, only those blocks with the highest probability of being accessed remotely are selected and replicated. The results of experiments conducted indicate that the proposed scheme incurs only a 20% disk space overhead and has virtually the same data locality ratio as the standard Hadoop, which has a replication factor of three and 200% disk space overhead.
Identification and characterization of novel penta‐podded genotypes in the cultivated lentil
Authors: Mishra Gyan P. , Dikshit Harsh K. , Kumari Jyoti , Priti  , Tripathi Kuldeep , Devi Jyoti , Aski Muraleedhar , Mehra Reena , Sarker Ashutosh , Kumar Shiv 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOur study reports the identification of two novel multi‐flowering (MF) genotypes, PMF‐1 and PMF‐2, in cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), stably forming up to five flowers per peduncle (FPP) on I2 nodes at multiple flowering nodes (beyond the ninth node). These genotypes were identified from the ICARDA (International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas) nursery received from Lebanon. Stable MF was observed under open field conditions at IARI (the Indian Agricultural Research Institute), New Delhi, India, during the year 2017–2018 and 2018–2019, and also in the partially controlled glasshouse conditions. In addition, we identified two more stable genotypes, namely, PMF‐3 and PMF‐4, producing four flowers and a genotype, ILL7663, producing only one to two flowers at multiple flowering nodes under normal growing conditions. It is speculated that the expression of the MF trait is the result of interaction between specific genetic loci with the environmental conditions during the bud formation stage in the identified lines. The possibility of the presence of various genes known in other crops like pea (Pisum sativum L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), along with various environmental factors regulating the MF expression, is also worked out for lentil. Further, these novel resources can be used for genetic studies aimed to identify the locus regulating the MF trait in lentil.
Weight suppression and weight maintenance following treatment of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Uniacke Blair , Attia Evelyn , Kaplan Allan , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe value of weight suppression (WS) in predicting the course of anorexia nervosa (AN) is uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine, using data from a previously published study, whether patients who remain weight suppressed following restoration to a minimally normal weight are at greater risk for relapse.MethodFollowing weight restoration, 93 women with AN were randomly assigned to receive fluoxetine or placebo along with cognitive behavioral therapy for 1 year. WS (highest adult weight minus current weight), body mass index (BMI), and their interaction were assessed as predictors of change in weight over the first 28 days, of successful weight maintenance at 6 and 12 months, and of time to relapse.ResultsNeither WS nor its interaction with BMI predicted successful weight maintenance at 6 and 12 months, time to relapse, or weight change over the first 28 days following discharge.DiscussionThis study found that WS does not substantially impact the likelihood of successful weight maintenance or time to relapse following restoration to a minimally normal weight in AN.
Targeting pulmonary capillary permeability to reduce lung congestion in heart failure: a randomized, controlled pilot trial
Authors: Stewart Glenn M. , Johnson Bruce D. , Sprecher Dennis L. , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Obokata Masaru , Goldsmith Steven , Bart Brad , Oughton Anna , Fillmore Christina , Behm David J. , Borlaug Barry A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsLung congestion in patients with heart failure (HF) has traditionally been treated using interventions that reduce pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel regulates fluid transit across the pulmonary capillary‐interface, and represents a novel target to reduce lung water, independent of pulmonary capillary hypertension. This pilot study examined the safety and potential efficacy of TRPV4 blockade as a novel treatment for
HF.Methods and resultsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover pilot trial, 11 subjects with chronic, compensated HF were treated with a novel TRPV4 antagonist (GSK2798745) or placebo. The primary endpoint was lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) after 7 days of treatment with GSK2798745 as compared to placebo. Secondary endpoints included additional diffusion parameters, spirometry and safety assessments. Compared to placebo, treatment with GSK2798745 resulted in a trend to improvement in DLCO (placebo: −0.336 mL/mmHg/min; GSK2798745: +0.458 mL/mmHg/min; treatment difference: +0.793 mL/mmHg/min; 95% confidence interval: −0.925 to 2.512) that was not statistically significant. GSK2798745 was well‐tolerated with no serious adverse events.ConclusionIn this pilot trial, GSK2798745 was found to be safe and well‐tolerated, with a trend toward improved gas transfer. Further investigation is warranted in larger studies to determine whether treatment with TRPV4 antagonists or alternative treatments targeting capillary permeability might be effective to improve lung congestion, pulmonary gas transfer and clinical status in patients with acute or chronic
HF.
Natural Melanin Nanoparticle‐decorated Screen‐printed Carbon Electrode: Performance Test for Amperometric Determination of Hexavalent Chromium as Model Trace
Authors: Kaleli‐Can Gizem , Ozlu Busra , Özgüzar Hatice Ferda , Onal‐Ulusoy Baran , Kabay Gözde , Eom Taesik , Shim Bong Sup , Mutlu Mehmet 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA biosensor was prepared with natural melanin nanoparticles (MNP) decorated on a screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Hexavalent chromium was selected as a well‐known heavy metal ion to be detected for testing the performance of novel biosensor. Natural MNP was extracted from cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) ink. Surface decoration of SPCEs with MNP was performed by two different methods. The first one was layer‐by‐layer assembly (LBL‐A) for different cycle times(n). In the second one, plasma treatment of SPCE incorporated with evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EI‐SA) techniques including different incubation times in MNP solutions. The performance of both modified SPCEs were tested for amperometric detection of Cr(VI) in various water samples, and peak reduction of Cr(VI) was determined at 0.33 V. Amperometric results showed wide linear ranges of 0.1–2 μM and 0.1–5 μM of Cr(VI) for SPCEs modified with 14n‐LBL‐A and 12h‐EI‐SA, respectively. The sensitivities of SPCEs modified with 14n‐LBL‐A and 12h‐EI‐SA techniques were 0.27 μA μM−1 and 0.52 μA μM−1, respectively. In addition, both modified SPCEs selectively detected Cr(VI) in a model aqueous system composed of certain other heavy metals and minerals, and tap and lake water samples. The LOD and LOQ values for 12h‐EI‐SA were 0.03 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively. This showed that MNP‐modified‐SPCEs generated via EI‐SA techniques have the potential to be an alternative to conventional detection methods such as ICP‐MS.
Two‐State Reactivity: Personal Recounting of its Conception and Future Prospects
Authors: Shaik Sason 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis essay tells the story of the conception of the Two‐State Reactivity (TSR) notion. Since scientific career is part of life's flow, the story blends sub‐stories of scientific colleagues and events. This is also a story of a beguiling paradigm, which has started from a puzzling reactivity of the diatomic oxidant FeO+, has continued to larger oxidants, like the active species of Cytochrome P450 and of nonheme enzymes, and its extension to reductive processes. Finally, the essay discusses prospects of experimental probing of the reactive spin‐state, and of the transition state constitution for these reactions by means of tunneling‐augmented kinetic isotope effects.
Catalytically Active Iron(IV)oxo Species Based on a Bis(pyridinyl)phenanthrolinylmethane
Authors: Hüppe Henrika M. , Keisers Kristina , Fink Fabian , Mürtz Sonja D. , Hoffmann Alexander , Iffland Linda , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStarting from the mononuclear iron(II) complex [Fe(MeCPy2Phen)(MeCN)2]2+, a non‐heme Fe(IV)oxo complex [FeIV(MeCPy2Phen)O]2+ was synthesized via oxidation with meta‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA). The Fe(IV)oxo complex was characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy, Mößbauer spectroscopy and CSI mass spectrometry. The ability of this species to oxidize C−H bonds was tested with cyclohexane and adamantane as model substrates. For cyclohexane, an alcohol‐to‐ketone ratio (A/K) of 6.1 and efficiencies up to 55 were obtained. In case of adamantane, the ratio of tertiary over secondary products (3°/2°) is 38. In combination, this indicates the iron(IV)oxo complex being the catalytically active species.