bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Captive propagation and observations of the endangered species Cicindela (Abroscelis) anchoralis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) in South Korea
Authors: Cha Deokjea , Jung Jong‐Kook 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Establishing a captive propagation method is a fundamental approach that may be critical for conserving endangered species whose populations are rapidly decreasing due to habitat destruction and climate change.
We explored the behavioural and physiological characteristics of the endangered beach tiger beetle, Cicindela (Abroscelis) anchoralis, in South Korea and established captive propagation from adult to the 2nd instar larvae in the laboratory to implement reinforcement and reintroduction.
Because of the burrowing behaviour of the larva, which inhabits beaches that are periodically flooded, a longer development period was required compared to other tiger beetle larvae. Under identical feeding conditions, adults had a lifespan averaging 100 days, with no difference between the sexes. In addition, the average number of eggs laid per adult female during their lifespan was 70 eggs under optimum feeding conditions. Moreover, the individual larvae‐rearing and overwintering methods showed average mortality rates of 8% and 16%, respectively, indicating that securing a large population for reintroduction is possible.
Our results revealed that captive breeding methods for C. anchoralis can provide a healthy rearing method from eggs to larvae, reflecting the observed behavioural and physiological traits. We recommend that the captive propagation method of tiger beetles be adjusted to consider species' traits that vary depending on their habitat characteristics.
Examining the Influenza A Virus Sialic Acid Binding Preference Predictions of a Sequence‐Based Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Borkenhagen Laura K. , Runstadler Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThough receptor binding specificity is well established as a contributor to host tropism and spillover potential of influenza A viruses, determining receptor binding preference of a specific virus still requires expensive and time‐consuming laboratory analyses. In this study, we pilot a machine learning approach for prediction of binding preference.MethodsWe trained a convolutional neural network to predict the α2,6‐linked sialic acid preference of influenza A viruses given the hemagglutinin amino acid sequence. The model was evaluated with an independent test dataset to assess the standard performance metrics, the impact of missing data in the test sequences, and the prediction performance on novel subtypes. Further, features found to be important to the generation of predictions were tested via targeted mutagenesis of H9 and H16 proteins expressed on pseudoviruses.ResultsThe final model developed in this study produced predictions on a test dataset correctly 94% of the time and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93. The model tolerated about 10% missing test data without compromising accurate prediction performance. Predictions on novel subtypes revealed that the model can extrapolate feature relationships between subtypes when generating binding predictions. Finally, evaluation of the features important for model predictions helped identify positions that alter the sialic acid conformation preference of hemagglutinin proteins in practice.ConclusionsUltimately, our results provide support to this in silico approach to hemagglutinin receptor binding preference prediction. This work emphasizes the need for ongoing research efforts to produce tools that may aid future pandemic risk assessment.
Design of Cf/SiCf/Si3N4f multifiber layered composite with enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption properties
Authors: Zhu Henghai , Hu Yue , Men Xiaolong , Zhang Qinzhao , Pang Liang , Xiao Peng , Luo Heng , Zhou Wei , Li Yang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraditional fiber‐reinforced composites with single‐layered electrical conductivity (EC) face limitations with respect to electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) bandwidth and strength. This study introduces a novel Cf/SiCf/Si3N4f layered composite (multifiber layered composite, MFLC), prepared via fiber alignment and curing, which capitalizes on the distinct ECs of carbon fibers (Cf), silicon carbide fibers (SiCf), and silicon nitride fibers (Si3N4f) to address these limitations. The Si3N4f layer enhances the impedance matching, deepening EW penetration and curtailing reflection. The conductive Cf and SiCf layers lead to substantial energy dissipation through conduction loss. Electric field simulations confirmed the regulatory effect of Si3N4f layer on EC, thereby facilitating the optimization of impedance matching. MFLCs achieved a minimum reflection loss of −68.52 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.23 GHz in the X–Ku band. The optimally matched composites demonstrated exceptional EWA performance, attaining the radar cross section reduction of up to 149.9%. The MFLCs hold significant promise as a novel class of lightweight, highly efficient, and wide‐bandwidth EW absorbers.
Structural basis and bonding mechanisms for mechanical and thermal properties of rare earth oxides
Authors: Chu Kaili , Zhang Yanning , Liu Baoshuai , Fang Wenhui , Zhao Juanli , Li Wenxian , Li Yiran , Liu Bin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this work, we have investigated the mechanical and thermal properties of rare earth sesquioxides A/B/C‐RE2O3 (RE = La to Lu) by using the first‐principles calculation. It is shown that the lattice parameters of RE2O3 generally decrease with the rare earth atomic number owing to the lanthanide contraction. Compared to [REO6] polyhedrons, all [REO7] polyhedrons present the longer RE‐O bonds and the lower energies in spite of different polymorphs. Meanwhile, the elastic moduli show clear increasing tendency from A‐RE2O3 to C‐RE2O3 and from La2O3 to Lu2O3, which may originate from the stronger covalancy or weaker ionicity according to P‐V‐L chemical bond theory. In addition, the theoretical minimum thermal conductivity is predicted in range of 0.57–0.61 W·m1·K−1, 0.68–0.72 W·m−1·K−1, and 0.59–0.73 W·m−1·K−1 for A‐, B‐, and C‐RE2O3, respectively. Further analysis about temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity indicates that the chemical bonds dominate the increasing thermal conductivity with RE elements while the structural complexity determines the difference between three phases. This work provides a comprehensive database on structural, mechanical and thermal properties of RE2O3, but also shields light on the exploration of rare‐earth‐containing oxides with complex structure for potential applications including thermal/environmental barrier coatings.
Commentary: Without Values, Complexity is Reduced to Mathematics
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis commentary on Sturmberg and Mercuri's paper ‘Every Problem is Embedded in a Greater Whole’ [1] argues that those authors have approached complexity from a largely mathematical perspective, drawing on the work of Sumpter. Whilst such an approach allows us to challenge the simple linear causality assumed in randomised controlled trials, it is itself limited. Mathematical complexity can explain nonlinearity and network effects but it cannot explain human values. It overlooks, for example, how science itself is historically and culturally shaped and how values‐driven misunderstandings and conflicts are inevitable when people with different world views come together to try to solve a problem. This paper argues that the mathematical version of complexity thinking is necessary but not sufficient in medical research, and that we need to enhance such thinking further with attention to human values.
Topographic Evaluation of the Remineralizing Potential of Biomimetic Scaffolds on Enamel White Spot Lesions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Soliman Eman M. , Abdelfattah Wegdan M. , Mohamed Doaa R. , Nagui Dina A. , Holiel Ahmed A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe modern approach to managing noncavitated white spot lesions (WSLs) emphasizes noninvasive strategies and biomimetic remineralization. Biomimetic scaffolds are designed to regenerate dental tissues rather than simply repair them. This study aimed to assess lesion depth, enamel structure, and the elemental composition of artificially induced WSLs after treatment with biomimetic remineralization techniques.Materials and MethodsNinety‐six freshly extracted anterior teeth, free from caries or enamel defects and extracted due to periodontal disease, were used. White spot lesions were induced on the labial surfaces, and the samples were divided into three groups based on the remineralizing agent: Group I, treated with casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP), which served as the positive control; Group II, treated with self‐assembling peptide P11‐4 (SAP‐P11‐4); and Group III, treated with phosphorylated nano‐chitosan (Pchi‐ACP). Enamel topography was analyzed at baseline and after treatment using polarized light microscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was conducted using one‐way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn's post hoc test (p = 0.05).ResultsThe Kruskal–Wallis test indicated a significant difference in remineralization potential among the groups. Pchi‐ACP showed the greatest reduction in lesion depth (62.65%), demonstrating significant subsurface enamel remineralization. This group also exhibited a smooth, regular enamel surface with shallow linear depressions. Elemental analysis confirmed successful calcium phosphate precipitation in Pchi‐ACP, indicating a trend toward enamel regeneration.ConclusionPchi‐ACP represents a promising biomimetic and minimally invasive approach for treating early WSLs, signifying a transition toward regenerative dentistry. (SAP‐P11‐4), while effective, was less successful than phosphorylated nano‐chitosan but outperformed (CPP‐ACP).Clinical SignificancePchi‐ACP demonstrates significant potential for minimally invasive treatment of early noncavitated carious lesions. By preserving natural tooth structure, this approach could greatly enhance oral health outcomes in the long term.
Exploring the multifaceted impacts of convertible bond issuance on stock market quality: Evidence from China
Authors: Xin Jianxuan , Ye Qiang , Xia Hao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigate how convertible bond issuance impacts stock market quality across four dimensions: liquidity, price efficiency, excess returns, and volatility, using Chinese market data. Findings reveal that convertible bond issuance enhances liquidity and price efficiency but also leads to increased volatility and reduced excess returns. We identify two primary mechanisms: first, the conversion of convertible bonds impacts all four dimensions of market quality; second, high‐frequency trading of these bonds reduces stock market volatility, mitigating the overall effect. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that these effects are stronger among firms with smaller market capitalizations, lower‐rated convertible bonds, and during negative sentiment periods.
Effective management of acne fulminans: Two case reports highlighting fluorescent light energy therapy
Authors: Estebaranz Jose Luis López , Bordignon Matteo , Tardugno Roberta , Nielsen Michael Canova Engelbrecht 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris stands as a prevailing skin condition among adolescents worldwide.ObjectivesThe primary aim in addressing acne is to manage it effectively, preventing the occurrence of permanent scarring.Materials and MethodsThis case report outlines the experiences of two adolescent boys grappling with acne fulminans. Initial treatments encompassed isotretinoin, corticosteroids, and doxycycline, until they were discontinued due to their ineffectiveness and the emergence of adverse side effects such as headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Subsequently, fluorescent light energy (FLE) therapy was introduced to tackle these severe cases.ResultsAfter 4 months of FLE therapy, the patients exhibited significant improvements in their condition. Six months post treatment initiation, both patients have sustained a symptom free state, marked by the absence of active lesions.ConclusionFLE therapy effectively treated the acne fulminans cases reported and could be considered as a valid treatment option.
Exploring the Safety and Satisfaction of Patients Injected With Collagen Biostimulators—A Prospective Investigation Into Injectable Poly‐l‐Lactic Acid (PLLA)
Authors: Bravo Bruna S. F. , Calvacante Thamires , Nobre Camila Silveira , Bravo Leonardo G. , Zafra Maria Carolina , Elias Mariana Calomeni 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEsthetic medicine has shifted significantly toward non‐surgical procedures, with the collagen biostimulator poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) becoming increasingly popular for facial rejuvenation. However, the safety and patient satisfaction associated with PLLA facial treatments remain largely unexplored.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of PLLA treatment and assess patient mid‐ and long‐term satisfaction with the outcome.MethodsThis prospective single‐center study was conducted at Bravo Clinic in Rio de Janeiro from August 2023 to August 2024. The patients' mid and lower face was treated by injecting Rennova Elleva (a collagen biostimulator containing 210 mg of PLLA) into the zygomatic and pre‐masseteric regions. All patients underwent monthly clinical evaluations for the first 150 days and kept diaries to self‐record any adverse effects during the first 30 days. Patient satisfaction was measured using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) on days 90 and 150 post‐injection.ResultsThe study included 52 female patients [mean age: 49.87 ± 10.7 years; mean body mass index (BMI): 23.99 ± 3.5 kg/m2]. Patients reported mild to moderate injection site reactions, including redness, pain, hardening, swelling, lumps, bruises, and skin discoloration, with most symptoms resolving within a few days. Clinically, no major adverse events were noted, except for one small, painless nodulation that resolved without intervention. On post‐injection Day 90, the average GAIS was rated at 2.32 ± 1.0. This rating remained stable at Day 150, with an average GAIS of 2.32 ± 0.8 (p = 0.862). Inverse correlations were identified between the duration of mild pain and GAIS (rs = −0.546, p = 0.035), as well as between the duration of mild bruises and GAIS (rs = −0.598, p = 0.019). The duration of moderate pain was significantly associated with age (rs = −0.894, p = 0.041).ConclusionRennova Elleva, a PLLA‐based collagen biostimulator, is safe and well‐tolerated with a low incidence of adverse effects. It provides long‐lasting, satisfactory results for patients with mild to moderate facial sagging, rendering it an effective non‐surgical option for enhancing facial esthetics.
Treatment Outcomes for Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra Using Low‐Intensity Electrodesiccation Device in African Patients
Authors: Maruma Frans , Dlova Ncoza , Mofokeng Thabiso Rafaki Petrus , Al‐Niaimi Firas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to document the treatment outcomes of African patients treated with low‐intensity electrodesiccation for DPN's. Other treatment options for DPN's include snip excision, light curettage, cryotherapy, and lasers devices such as PDL, Nd: YAG, KTP, and CO2, which are generally unsafe for darker skin types and come with high costs.MethodsNonprobability convenience sampling of patient records was used to extract retrospective data on demographics and treatment outcomes according to the inclusion criteria. The retrospective data analysis included chi‐squared tests for associations, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and logistic regression analysis to examine relationships between dependent and independent variables.ResultsA total of 137 patients were included in the study, with the majority being female (n = 129; 94.16%) compared with their male counterparts (n = 8; 5.84%). Most patients were under 40 years of age (n = 74; 54.00%), whereas the remaining were above 40 years of age (n = 63; 46.00%). The majority of patients had Fitzpatrick skin type V (n = 99; 72.26%). Adverse events such as milia (n = 4) and scarring (n = 2) were observed, but these were not associated with age, sex, or survival rate (p value > 0.05).LimitationsThe study was conducted at a single center, which limits the ability to generalize the results.ConclusionThe low‐intensity electrodesiccation technique was found to be a safe and cost‐effective method for treating DPN's in African patients.
“We Were Just so Sad and Devastated”: NICU Nurses' Stories of Caring for Families With Substance‐Exposed Pregnancies
Authors: Welborn Amber C. , Gringle Meredith R. , Nichols Tracy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis secondary analysis re‐examined stories of caregiving told by NICU nurses in the southeast US through a trauma theory lens expanding on research surrounding substance‐exposed pregnancies. Narrative analysis identified distress‐related experiences of nurses related to child custody decisions and outcomes, suggesting traumatic stress within this caregiving dynamic. Four distinct story types and three themes were identified across 23 stories, highlighting similarities and differences and illustrating how distress and trauma were experienced and may be manifested in care practices. Study findings suggest cumulative and residual effects from traumatic experiences can impact NICU nurses' well‐being and care provision, in part by promoting anticipatory trauma. The role of relationship‐building with families, as part of family‐centered care, was also implicated in the intensity of distressful experiences and may increase nurses' vulnerability to trauma as well as create pathways to stigmatizing interactions. Incorporating principles of relational ethics into nurse practice guidelines, while recognizing how care work can influence and be influenced by the potential pathways from trauma to stigma, may provide valuable support for nurses. The application of such a framework could potentially reduce distressing and/or traumatic experiences for nurses caring for families with a substance‐exposed pregnancy.
A Knowledge‐Guided Spatio‐Temporal Correlation Measure Considering Rules and Dependency Syntax for Knowledge Graph Adaptive Representation
Authors: Qiu Qinjun , Li Haiyan , Hu Xinxin , Tian Miao , Ma Kai , Zhu Yunqiang , Sun Kai , Li Weirong , Wang Shu , Xie Zhong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGeographic knowledge graphs (KGs) mainly describe static facts and have difficulty representing changes, greatly limiting their application in geographic information retrieval and geographic spatio‐temporal processes. By analyzing the spatio‐temporal features and evolution of geographic elements, this paper measures the degree of correlation between spatio‐temporal information and tuples and further accurately characterizes the semantic knowledge of tuples to support accurate computation and inference of KGs. This paper proposes a novel knowledge‐guided quantitative measure framework for spatio‐temporal correlation by considering rules and dependency syntax from natural language texts. Firstly, the natural language processing (NLP) stage preprocess the texts and extracts the candidate tuples by dependency syntactic analysis and rule matching. Secondly, we model the spatio‐temporal correlation measures by considering semantic (entity types and tuple predicate) and syntactic features (dependency distance and dependency path). Finally, we establish a specific threshold value with the extracted candidates and performing multiple levels of categorization to form the final spatio‐temporal correlation strength (strong, moderate, and weak). The experimental results with a large dataset indicate that the proposed method achieves an F‐score of over 0.73, which is better than those of the existing methods. The proposed spatio‐temporal correlation framework has more advantages in representing geographic evolutionary knowledge, revealing the evolution mechanism of geographic elements and the evolutionary reasons.
Gene family rearrangements and transcriptional priming drive the evolution of vegetative desiccation tolerance in Selaginella
Authors: Alejo‐Jacuinde Gerardo , Chávez Montes Ricardo A. , Gutierrez Reyes Cristian D. , Yong‐Villalobos Lenin , Simpson June , Herrera‐Estrella Luis 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYExtreme dryness is lethal for nearly all plants, excluding the so‐called resurrection plants, which evolved vegetative desiccation tolerance (VDT) by recruiting genes common in most plants. To better understand the evolution of VDT, we generated chromosome‐level assemblies and improved genome annotations of two Selaginella species with contrasting abilities to survive desiccation. We identified genomic features and critical mechanisms associated with VDT through sister‐group comparative genomics integrating multi‐omics data. Our findings indicate that Selaginella evolved VDT through the expansion of some stress protection‐related gene families and the contraction of senescence‐related genes. Comparative analyses revealed that desiccation‐tolerant Selaginella species employ a combination of constitutive and inducible protection mechanisms to survive desiccation. We show that transcriptional priming of stress tolerance‐related genes and accumulation of flavonoids in unstressed plants are hallmarks of VDT in Selaginella. During water loss, the resurrection Selaginella induces phospholipids and glutathione metabolism, responses that are missing in the desiccation‐sensitive species. Additionally, gene regulatory network analyses indicate the suppression of growth processes as a major component of VDT. This study presents novel perspectives on how gene dosage impacts crucial protective mechanisms and the regulation of central processes to survive extreme dehydration.
Enhanced sensitivity of TAPscan v4 enables comprehensive analysis of streptophyte transcription factor evolution
Authors: Petroll Romy , Varshney Deepti , Hiltemann Saskia , Finke Hermann , Schreiber Mona , de Vries Jan , Rensing Stefan A. 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYTranscription‐associated proteins (TAPs) fulfill multiple functions in regulatory and developmental processes and display lineage‐specific evolution. TAPscan is a comprehensive and highly reliable tool for genome‐wide TAP annotation via domain profiles. Here, we present TAPscan v4, including an updated web interface (https://tapscan.plantcode.cup.uni‐freiburg.de/), which enables an in‐depth representation of the distribution of 138 TAP families across 678 species from diverse groups of organisms, with a focus on Archaeplastida (plants in the wide sense). With this release, we also make the underlying “Genome Zoo” available, a curated protein data set with scripts and metadata. Eighteen new TAP (sub)families were added as part of the update. Nine of those were gained in the most recent common ancestor of the Streptophyta (comprising streptophyte algae and land plants), or within the streptophyte algae. More than one‐third of all detected TAP family gains were identified during the evolution of streptophyte algae, before the emergence of land plants, and are thus likely to have been significant for plant terrestrialization. The TAP complement of the Zygnematophyceae was identified to be the most similar to that of land plants, consistent with the finding that this lineage is sister to land plants. Overall, our data retrace the evolution of streptophyte TAPs, allowing us to pinpoint the regulatory repertoire of the earliest land plants.
Lower bounds for the large deviations of Selberg's central limit theorem
Authors: Arguin Louis‐Pierre , Bailey Emma 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLet and . We prove that, for any and as ,
where is large enough depending on . The result is unconditional on the Riemann hypothesis. As a consequence, we recover the sharp lower bound for the moments on the critical line proved by Heap and Soundararajan and Radziwiłł and Soundararajan. The constant is explicit and is compared to the one conjectured by Keating and Snaith for the moments.