bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noasaurids are a component of the Australian ‘mid’-Cretaceous theropod fauna
Authors: Birch Sienna A. , Smith Elizabeth T. , Bell Phil R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe diversity of Australia’s theropod fauna from the ‘mid’-Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) is distinctly biased towards the medium-sized megaraptorids, despite the preponderance of abelisauroids in the younger but latitudinally equivalent Patagonian theropod fauna. Here, we present new evidence for the presence of ceratosaurian, and specifically abelisauroid, theropods from the Cenomanian Griman Creek Formation of Lightning Ridge, New South Wales. A partial cervical vertebra is described that bears a mediolaterally concave ventral surface of the centrum delimited by sharp ventrolateral ridges that contact the parapophyses. Among theropods, this feature has been reported only in a cervical vertebra attributed to the noasaurid Noasaurus. We also reappraise evidence recently cited against the ceratosaurian interpretation of a recently described astragalocalcaneum from the upper Barremian–lower Aptian San Remo Member of the upper Strzelecki Group in Victoria. Inclusion of the Lightning Ridge cervical vertebra and Victorian astragalocalcaneum into a revised phylogenetic analysis focused on elucidating ceratosaurian affinities reveals support for placement of both specimens within Noasauridae, which among other characters is diagnosed by the presence of a medial eminence on the ascending process of the astragalus. The Lightning Ridge and Victorian specimens simultaneously represent the first noasaurids reported from Australia and the astragalocalcaneum is considered the earliest known example of a noasaurid in the world to date. The recognition of Australian noasaurids further indicates a more widespread Gondwanan distribution of the clade outside of South America, Madagascar and India consistent with the timing of the fragmentation of the supercontinent.
Home-based cognitive training in pediatric patients with acquired brain injury: preliminary results on efficacy of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Corti Claudia , Urgesi Cosimo , Poggi Geraldina , Strazzer Sandra , Borgatti Renato , Bardoni Alessandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCognitive rehabilitation may compensate for cognitive deficits of children with acquired brain injury (ABI), capitalizing on the use-dependent plasticity of a developing brain. Remote computerized cognitive training (CCT) may be delivered to patients in ecological settings, ensuring rehabilitation continuity. This work evaluated cognitive and psychological adjustment outcomes of an 8-week multi-domain, home-based CCT (Lumosity Cognitive Training) in a sample of patients with ABI aged 11–16 years. Two groups of patients were engaged in five CCT sessions per week for eight weeks (40 sessions). According to a stepped-wedge research design, one group (Training-first Group) started the CCT immediately, whereas the other group (Waiting-first Group) started the CCT after a comparable time of waiting list. Changes after the training and after the waiting period were compared in the two groups. Both groups improved in visual-spatial working memory more after the training than after the waiting-list period. The Training-first group improved also in arithmetic calculation speed. Findings indicate that a multi-domain CCT can produce benefits in visual-spatial working memory, probably because, in accordance with previous research, computer games heavily tax visuo-spatial abilities. This suggests that the prolonged stimulation of the same cognitive ability may generate the greatest benefits in children with ABI.
Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention
Authors: Grembi Jessica A. , Nguyen Lan H. , Haggerty Thomas D. , Gardner Christopher D. , Holmes Susan P. , Parsonnet Julie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets can both lead to weight-loss, a substantial variability in achieved long-term outcomes exists among obese but otherwise healthy adults. We examined the hypothesis that structural differences in the gut microbiota explain a portion of variability in weight-loss using two cohorts of obese adults enrolled in the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) study. A total of 161 pre-diet fecal samples were sequenced from a discovery cohort (n = 66) and 106 from a validation cohort (n = 56). An additional 157 fecal samples were sequenced from the discovery cohort after 10 weeks of dietary intervention. We found no specific bacterial signatures associated with weight loss that were consistent across both cohorts. However, the gut microbiota plasticity (i.e. variability), was correlated with long-term (12-month) weight loss in a diet-dependent manner; on the low-fat diet subjects with higher pre-diet daily plasticity had higher sustained weight loss, whereas on the low-carbohydrate diet those with higher plasticity over 10 weeks of dieting had higher 12-month weight loss. Our findings suggest the potential importance of gut microbiota plasticity for sustained weight-loss. We highlight the advantages of evaluating kinetic trends and assessing reproducibility in studies of the gut microbiota.
Southeastern Asia fall armyworms are closely related to populations in Africa and India, consistent with common origin and recent migration
Authors: Nagoshi Rodney N. , Htain Ni Ni , Boughton Duncan , Zhang Lei , Xiao Yutao , Nagoshi Benjamin Y. , Mota-Sanchez David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe discovery of fall armyworm, a native of the Western Hemisphere, in western Africa in 2016 was rapidly followed by detections throughout sub-Saharan Africa, India, and most recently southeastern Asia. This moth pest has a broad host range that threatens such important crops as corn, rice, millet, and sorghum, creating concern for its potential impact on agriculture in the Eastern Hemisphere. Although genetic data suggest populations sampled in Africa and India originate from a recent common source, it is not known whether this is the case for populations in southeastern Asia, nor whether the subgroup with a preference for rice and millet is present in the region. This study found through comparisons of genetic markers that the fall armyworm from Myanmar and southern China are closely related to those from Africa and India, suggesting a common origin for these geographically distant populations. The results are consistent with a single recent introduction into the Eastern Hemisphere followed by rapid dispersion. The molecular similarities include discrepancies between the genetic markers that brings into question whether the subpopulation most likely to be a threat to rice and millet is present in significant numbers in Asia.
Tuneable interplay between atomistic defects morphology and electrical properties of transparent p-type highly conductive off-stoichiometric Cu-Cr-O delafossite thin films
Authors: Lunca-Popa Petru , Botsoa Jacques , Bahri Mounib , Crêpellière Jonathan , Desgardin Pierre , Audinot Jean-Nicolas , Wirtz Tom , Arl Didier , Ersen Ovidiu , Barthe Marie-France , Lenoble Damien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOff-stoichiometric copper chromium delafossites demonstrate the highest values of electric conductivity among the p-type transparent conducting oxides. Morphological and structural changes in Cu0.66Cr1.33O2 upon annealing processes are investigated. Chained copper vacancies were previously suggested as source of the high levels of doping in this material. High resolution Helium Ion Microscopy, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy reveal a significant rearrangement of copper and chromium after the thermal treatments. Furthermore, Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy evidences the presence of vacancy defects within the delafossite layers which can be assigned to the Cu vacancy chains whose concentration decreases during the thermal process. These findings further confirm these chained vacancies as source of the p-type doping and suggest that the changes in electrical conductivities within the off-stoichiometric copper based delafossites are triggered by elemental rearrangements.
Cathepsin S activation contributes to elevated CX3CL1 (fractalkine) levels in tears of a Sjögren’s syndrome murine model
Authors: Fu Runzhong , Guo Hao , Janga Srikanth , Choi Minchang , Klinngam Wannita , Edman Maria C. , Hamm-Alvarez Sarah F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAutoimmune dacryoadenitis and altered lacrimal gland (LG) secretion are features of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). Activity of cathepsin S (CTSS), a cysteine protease, is significantly and specifically increased in SS patient tears. The soluble chemokine, CX3CL1 (fractalkine), is cleaved from membrane-bound CX3CL1 by proteases including CTSS. We show that CX3CL1 is significantly elevated by 2.5-fold in tears (p = 0.0116) and 1.4-fold in LG acinar cells (LGAC)(p = 0.0026) from male NOD mice, a model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis in SS, relative to BALB/c controls. Primary mouse LGAC and human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T cells) exposed to interferon-gamma, a cytokine elevated in SS, showed up to 9.6-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) and 25-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) increases in CX3CL1 gene expression, and 1.9-fold (p = 0.0005) and 196-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) increases in CX3CL1 protein expression, respectively. Moreover, exposure of HCE-T cells to recombinant human CTSS at activity equivalent to that in SS patient tears increased cellular CX3CL1 gene and protein expression by 2.8-fold (p = 0.0021) and 5.1-fold (p ≤ 0.0001), while increasing CX3CL1 in culture medium by 5.8-fold (p ≤ 0.0001). Flow cytometry demonstrated a 4.5-fold increase in CX3CR1-expressing immune cells (p ≤ 0.0001), including increased T-cells and macrophages, in LG from NOD mice relative to BALB/c. CTSS-mediated induction/cleavage of CX3CL1 may contribute to ocular surface and LG inflammation in SS.
Teaching and Mentoring Students in the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia Service Delivery Perspective
Authors: Hoepner Jerry K. , Sather Tom W. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis review article examines potential approaches for teaching and mentoring students in the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA). The authors review applications of a variety of evidence-based pedagogies, including both course-based and non–course-based teaching interventions. The intent is to create a cohesive and comprehensive resource for teaching and mentoring in the LPAA framework.ConclusionMultiple pedagogical strategies are available to support LPAA inside and outside of the classroom. A model for the LPAA teaching and learning framework is introduced, which identifies crucial elements of a comprehensive teaching and mentoring approach. Experiential learning, development of learner knowledge and service delivery perspectives, exposure to the lived experience, and authentic, relationship-based learning are emphasized. A multipronged approach is necessary to develop commitment to an LPAA framework.
Empty substrate‐integrated waveguide phase inverter in millimetre‐wave band application
Authors: Peng Hao , Zhao Faju , Tatu Serioja Ovidiu , Dong Jun , Yang Tao 
Published: January 2020

In this Letter, a novel empty substrate‐integrated waveguide (ESIW) phase inverter (PI) applied in millimetre‐wave has been proposed. ESIW PI, based on the structural symmetry design, is made of four parts: top cover, middle layer, ESIW PCB, and bottom layer. Owing to the reversed‐phase transmission channel, the phase difference between the two outputs is absolutely equal to 180°. The simulation and measurement results are in a good agreement. In the entire Ka band, the return losses, insertion losses and amplitude imbalance of ESIW PI are better than 12.7, 2.66, and 0.64 dB ± 0.6 dB, respectively. Besides, the phase difference is within 180.5° ± 2.9° in the same frequency band. In addition, the input and output ports are located in the identical circuit plane, which is easy to integrate with other devices and components.
Vasorelaxing Activity of R-(−)-3′-Hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol from Dalbergia tonkinensis: Involvement of Smooth Muscle CaV1.2 Channels
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Manh , Son Ninh The , Nhan Ngu Truong , Khanh Pham Ngoc , Huong Tran Thu , Tram Nguyen Thi Thu , Sgaragli Giampietro , Ahmed Amer , Trezza Alfonso , Spiga Ottavia , Fusi Fabio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dalbergia species heartwood, widely used in traditional medicine to treat various cardiovascular diseases, might represent a rich source of vasoactive agents. In Vietnam, Dalbergia tonkinensis is an endemic tree. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the vascular activity of R-(−)-3′-hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol isolated from the heartwood of D. tonkinensis and to provide circular dichroism features of its R absolute configuration. The vascular effects of R-(−)-3′-hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol were assessed on the in vitro mechanical activity of rat aorta rings, under isometric conditions, and on whole-cell Ba2+ currents through CaV1.2 channels (IBa1.2) recorded in single, rat tail main artery myocytes by means of the patch-clamp technique. R-(−)-3′-Hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol showed concentration-dependent, vasorelaxant activity on both endothelium-deprived and endothelium intact rings precontracted with the α
1 receptor agonist phenylephrine. Neither the NO (nitric oxide) synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester nor the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin affected its spasmolytic activity. R-(−)-3′-Hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol-induced vasorelaxation was antagonized by (S)-(−)-Bay K 8644 and unaffected by tetraethylammonium plus glibenclamide. In patch-clamp experiments, R-(−)-3′-hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol inhibited IBa1.2 in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly decreased the time constant of current inactivation. R-(−)-3′-Hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol likely stabilized the channel in its closed state, as suggested by molecular modelling and docking simulation to the CaV1.2 channel α
1c subunit. In conclusion, D. tonkinensis species may represent a source of agents potentially useful for the development of novel antihypertensive drugs.
Does Laterality of Lower Extremity Donor Site Affect Outcomes in Microvascular Soft Tissue Lower Extremity Reconstruction?
Authors: Yu Jason W. , Rifkin William J. , Lee Z-Hye , Borab Zachary , Alfonso Allyson R. , Thanik Vishal D. , Levine Jamie P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background There are many different variables to consider in lower extremity microvascular soft tissue reconstruction including flap choice. Our aim is to objectively evaluate recipient complications related to lower extremity donor flap laterality.
Methods A total of 77 lower extremity soft tissue reconstructions utilizing microvascular free tissue transfers for Gustilo type III between 1979 and 2016 were collected. We compared complication rates between ipsilateral and contralateral donor sites relative to the injured leg. The following parameters were analyzed: overall complications, total flap failure, partial flap failure, major complications, operative takebacks, and salvage rates.
Results In this study, 25 ipsilateral reconstructions were performed, while 52 cases utilized the contralateral leg. Overall complication rates were higher in the ipsilateral group (40.0%) compared with the contralateral side (23.1%) but were not statistically significant (p = 0.12). The ipsilateral group was four times as likely to experience vascular compromise (24.0 vs. 5.8%; p = 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in complications, flap failures or flap survival. Mean operative time was significantly greater in the same side group as compared with the contralateral group (11.3 vs. 7.5 hours; p = 0.006).
Conclusion Although there is a higher risk of anastomotic thrombosis, particularly venous thrombosis, associated with ipsilateral donor-site group, there were no significant differences in complications or flap survival. Flaps can be harvested from a traumatized leg with acceptable complication rates while avoiding the morbidity of operating on an uninjured limb.
Challenges of Setting up a Lower Extremity Reconstruction Practice in a Constrained Environment
Authors: Datli Asli , Karasoy Ismail , Genc Yucel , Pilanci Ozgur 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Microsurgical lower extremity reconstruction remains challenging, especially when resources are limited such as lack of proper equipment, human resources, administrative support, and located in a remote area far from tertiary care. Nevertheless, reconstructive solutions are required, especially when in urgent trauma situations. In this article, we evaluate ways of overcoming challenges and issues that should be considered in a newly established unit by sharing our initial lower extremity reconstruction experience.
Methods We report a local hospital's initial lower extremity reconstruction experience in February 2017 to January 2018. Through a total of seven patients, we tried to enhance the environment, instruments, nurses' contribution, and perspective of the peers and community in terms of factors related to the surgeon, hardware, environment, supporting faculty, reimbursement, and patients.
Results Four patients underwent reconstruction with a freestyle propeller flap and three with an anterolateral thigh flap; in one case, a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap was chosen to salvage partial flap necrosis. Increased experience of the surgeon, new equipment, continuing nurse/patient education, and collaborating with other departments allowed us to choose more challenging flaps and be more meticulous while decreasing the operation time and hospital stay.
Conclusion To start a lower extremity reconstruction practice in a resource-poor environment, the surgeon needs to evaluate the relevant factors; moreover, he or she should continuously improve them until a working methodology is achieved. Despite all the challenges, the adaptations learned at this center can be applied to other local hospitals around the world to set up a lower extremity reconstruction practice and improve its outcomes.
Artificial Intelligence in the Evaluation of Body Composition
Authors: Wang Benjamin , Torriani Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBody composition entails the measurement of muscle and fat mass in the body and has been shown to impact clinical outcomes in various aspects of human health. As a result, the need is growing for reliable and efficient noninvasive tools to measure body composition. Traditional methods of estimating body composition, anthropomorphic measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bioelectrical impedance, are limited in their application. Cross-sectional imaging remains the reference standard for body composition analysis and is accomplished through segmentation of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies. However, manual segmentation of images by an expert reader is labor intensive and time consuming, limiting its implementation in large-scale studies and in routine clinical practice. In this review, novel methods to automate the process of body composition measurement are discussed including the application of artificial intelligence and deep learning to tissue segmentation.
Análise interobservador da classificação das lesões em dedo em martelo segundo Albertoni, utilizando-se radiografias simples: Importância do uso do goniômetro
Authors: Barros Tomás Santos Vasconcelos , Jeha Antônio José , Ribeiro Guilherme Vieira Borchio 
Published: January 2020

Resumo
Objetivos Quantificar o grau de concordância intra- e interobservador da classificação Albertoni e avaliar a importância do uso do goniômetro na diferenciação do grau da lesão.
Métodos Foram selecionados 10 casos de dedo em martelo, os quais foram avaliados por 60 examinadores.
Resultados A concordância interobservador sem o uso do goniômetro foi elevada. Com o uso do goniômetro, obteve-se um “kappa” ainda maior, porém sem relevância estatística.
Conclusão A Classificação de Albertoni possui elevada concordância intra- e interobservador, e o uso do goniômetro se mostrou dispensável para classificar.
Health Care Transition of Adolescents and Young Adults with Haemophilia: the Situation in Germany and the Munich experience
Authors: Bidlingmaier Christoph , Olivieri Martin , Schilling Freimut H. , Kurnik Karin , Pekrul Isabell 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPatients suffering from haemophilia encounter various phases in life, in which individual needs, life situations, and self- and disease perception change rapidly. One of these phases spans from the beginning of puberty until early adulthood, in which individuals gain self-responsibility and reach independence and autonomy. In this challenging time that determines future health, adolescents and young adults need sustainable familiar and professional support. A change in health care team and treatment centre may expose adolescent patients to threats but also provides the possible opportunity to be well prepared. While there is emerging evidence that the so-called health care transition programmes are effective in maintaining quality of care in other disease areas, transition programmes for patients with haemophilia are still rare in Germany, and the evidence is limited. We describe the situation in Germany, discuss our experience in Munich and review some of the available guidance; we conclude that transition programmes should become a standard of care in haemophilia.
From spin-labelled fused polyaromatic compounds to magnetically active graphene nanostructures
Authors: Ten Yury A. , Troshkova Nadezhda M. , Tretyakov Evgeny V. 
Published: January 2020

Molecular design of magnetically active graphene nanoscale structures is an emerging field of research. The key goal of this research is to produce graphene nanoribbons and graphene quantum dots with specified electronic, optical and magnetic properties. The review considers methods for the synthesis of spin-labelled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are homologous precursors of graphene nanostructures, and discusses the advances and prospects of the design of magnetically active graphene materials.The bibliography includes 134 references.
Solid–gas reactions in synthetic chemistry: what can we learn from reaction pathways?
Authors: Kohlmann Holger 
Published: January 2020

The knowledge of reaction pathways in the preparation of solids is usually rather scarce, which hinders synthesis planning and process control. This is particularly true for metastable compounds, which are a challenge for chemical synthesis, especially in the solid state. In situ studies can help in exploring the energy landscape around their local minimum by investigating formation and decomposition. Screening the multi-parameter space in synthetic chemistry is much more efficient using in as compared to ex situ methods. Studying solid–gas reactions in situ is demanding due to the oftentimes harsh conditions as for temperature and gas pressure. Examples are given for a variety of solids and applications, e.g., metal hydrides (hydrogen storage, hydrogenation – decomposition – desorption – recombination), intermetallics (heterogeneous catalysis), metal nitrides, nitride oxides and oxides (magnetic materials, photocatalysts). Many new metastable compounds with intriguing properties were discovered by such in situ studies in flowing or static gas atmosphere (H2, Ar, NH3, air) at elevated pressures and temperatures using a variety of in situ methods such as X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, thermal analysis, environmental scanning electron microscopy, Raman, NMR, UV-VIS and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The potential of unravelling reaction pathways of solid–gas reactions for improving syntheses and controlling chemical processes is demonstrated.
The bibliography includes 48 references.
Based on a talk given at the 5th EUCHEMS Inorganic Chemistry Conference (EICC-5, Moscow, Russia, 2019).