bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science-based entrepreneurship education as a means for university-industry technology transfer
Authors: Blankesteijn Marlous , Bossink Bart , van der Sijde Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the potential of university-industry technology transfer through science-based entrepreneurship education (SBEE). The scientific literature focuses mostly on enabling university-industry technology transfer via university-industry collaboration in research, and not so much in (science) education. The paper identifies four strands of relevant literature for further theorizing SBEE principles to research its contribution to industry-technology transfer: 1. Embedding entrepreneurship education in universities; 2. Balancing theory and practice of entrepreneurship education; 3. Cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset through entrepreneurship education; and 4. Creating spin-offs through entrepreneurship education. One of the main theoretical contributions of this paper is, that SBEE is different from regular entrepreneurship education in its need for being firmly embedded in a science, technology and R&D environment, both within and outside the university. This is important in order to give SBEE students the opportunity to gain experience with handling the hurdles for successful university-industry technology transfer. The main empirical finding is that elements in the program, related to for example the balance between teaching entrepreneurship through theory and experiential learning, are not systematically covered. It means that fundamental questions such as: Can entrepreneurship be indeed taught? Which elements of entrepreneurship can be taught through theory, and which ones must be experienced in practice? are currently left unanswered. Systematic coverage of these questions enables a better exploitation of the possibilities that SBEE offers for university-industry technology transfer.
Ordered subset expectation maximisation vs Bayesian penalised likelihood reconstruction algorithm in 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT
Authors: Witkowska-Patena Ewa , Budzyńska Anna , Giżewska Agnieszka , Dziuk Mirosław , Walęcka-Mazur Agata 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to compare widely used ordered subset expectation maximisation (OSEM) algorithm with a new Bayesian penalised likelihood (BPL) Q.Clear algorithm in 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT.

Methods
We retrospectively assessed 25 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT scans with both OSEM and Q.Clear reconstructions available. Each scan was independently reported by two physicians both in OSEM and Q.Clear. SUVmax, SUVmean and tumour-to-background ratio (TBR) of each lesion were measured. Reports were also compared for their final conclusions and the number and localisation of lesions.

Results
In both reconstructions the same 87 lesions were reported. Mean SUVmax, SUVmean and TBR were higher for Q.Clear than OSEM (7.01 vs 6.53 [p = 0.052], 4.16 vs 3.84 [p = 0.036] and 20.2 vs 16.8 [p < 0.00001], respectively). Small lesions (< 10 mm) had statistically significant higher SUVmax, SUVmean and TBR in Q.Clear than OSEM (5.37 vs 4.79 [p = 0.032], 3.08 vs 2.70 [p = 0.04] and 15.5 vs 12.5 [p = 0.00214], respectively). For lesions ≥ 10 mm, no significant differences were observed. Findings with higher tracer avidity (SUVmax ≥ 5) tended to have higher SUVmax, SUVmean and TBR values in Q.Clear (11.6 vs 10.3 [p = 0.00278], 7.0 vs 6.7 [p = 0.077] and 33.9 vs 26.7 [p < 0.00001, respectively). Mean background uptake did not differ significantly between Q.Clear and OSEM (0.42 vs 0.39, p = 0.07).

Conclusions
In 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, Q.Clear SUVs and TBR tend to be higher (regardless of lesion localisation), especially for small and highly avid lesions. Increase in SUVs is also higher for lesions with high tracer uptake. Still, Q.Clear does not affect 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT specificity and sensitivity.
Snowmelt Detection with Calibrated, Enhanced‐Resolution Brightness Temperatures (CETB) in Colorado Watersheds
Authors: Johnson Mitchell T. , Ramage Joan , Troy Tara J. , Brodzik Mary J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the timing of snowmelt is critical for water resources management in snow‐dominated watersheds. Passive microwave remote sensing can be used to estimate snowmelt events through brightness temperature satellite observations. Previous studies were limited to lower resolution (~25 km or coarser) datasets, making it difficult to quantify snowpack variability in heterogeneous, high‐relief areas. This study investigates the use of recently available Calibrated, Enhanced‐Resolution Passive Microwave Daily EASE‐Grid 2.0 Brightness Temperature ESDR (CETB) to estimate snowmelt timing at much higher spatial resolution (~3‐6 km) than has been previously available. This study investigates the effectiveness of the CETB product for snowmelt detection in several locations in Colorado (North Park, Rabbit Ears, Fraser) that were the sites of previous ground/airborne surveys during the NASA Cold Land Processes Field Experiment (CLPX 2002‐2003), along with data for the Senator Beck Basin from the Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies (CSAS). We compare melt variability with nearby air temperature and stream discharge to show that the new CETB product allows detection of hydrologic processes in mountainous watersheds. We show that the higher resolution CETB product can detect snowmelt in heterogeneous terrain more accurately than the coarser resolution product in terms of the number of winter melt events and seasonal melt onset date. This work lays the foundation for the utilization of higher resolution reprocessed CETB data for snowpack evolution more broadly in a range of environments.
Interannual Southern California Precipitation Variability During the Common Era and the ENSO Teleconnection
Authors: Du Xiaojing , Hendy Ingrid , Hinnov Linda , Brown Erik , Schimmelmann Arndt , Pak Dorothy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSouthern California's Mediterranean‐type hydroclimate is highly variable on interannual time scales due to teleconnected climate forcings such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Here we present subannually resolved scanning X‐ray fluorescence Ti counts from deep‐sea cores in Santa Barbara Basin, California, recording 2,000 years of hydroclimate variability. The reconstructed Southern California precipitation record contains interannual variability in the 2‐ to 7‐year band that could be driven by changes in tropical Pacific ENSO variability and/or the strength of the ENSO teleconnection modulated by extratropical pressure systems. Observed interannual precipitation variance increased and was associated with longer periodicities (5–7 years) when the Intertropical Convergence Zone migrated southward (1370–1540 CE) and the Aleutian Low strengthened creating a robust ENSO teleconnection. Weak interannual precipitation variance with shorter periodicity (2–3 years) was observed when the Intertropical Convergence Zone shifted northward (700–900 CE) and/or the Aleutian Low was weak (1540–1680 CE).
Signature of Ocean Warming at the Mixed Layer Base
Authors: Clément Louis , McDonagh Elaine L. , Marzocchi Alice , Nurser A. J. George 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe warming climate influences the ocean by changing its wind‐driven dynamics and by inputting extra heat. This study analyzes the warming where temperature anomalies penetrate the ocean interior, that is, by focusing on the winter mixed layer base. This allows to distinguish regions where ocean circulation contributes to warm anomalies from locations where density‐compensated temperature anomalies locally enter the ocean along isopycnals. Multidecadal (1980–2018) local temperature trends from a hydrographic data set are examined at the winter mixed layer base and partitioned into components relating to isopycnal movement (heave) and change along isopycnals (spice). Subtropical gyres and western boundary currents show warming larger than the global average that mostly projects onto heave. This is the result of the strengthening of the circulation in the Southern Hemisphere subtropical gyres and is related to both wind‐driven changes and Southern Ocean warming. Subtropical regions of surface salinity maxima are influenced by warm anomalies along isopycnals.
CMIP5 Models Predict Rapid and Deep Soil Warming Over the 21st Century
Authors: Soong Jennifer L. , Phillips Claire L. , Ledna Catherine , Koven Charles D. , Torn Margaret S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the fundamental importance of soil temperature for Earth's carbon and energy budgets, ecosystem functioning, and agricultural production, studies of climate change impacts on soil processes have mainly relied on air temperatures, assuming they are accurate proxies for soil temperatures. We evaluated changes in soil temperature, moisture, and air temperature predicted over the 21st century from 14 Earth system models. The model ensemble predicted a global mean soil warming of 2.3 ± 0.7 and 4.5 ± 1.1 °C at 100‐cm depth by the end of the 21st century for RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Soils at 100 cm warmed at almost exactly the same rate as near‐surface (~1 cm) soils. Globally, soil warming was slightly slower than air warming above it, and this difference increased over the 21st century. Regionally, soil warming kept pace with air warming in tropical and arid regions but lagged air warming in colder regions. Thus, air warming is not necessarily a good proxy for soil warming in cold regions where snow and ice impede the direct transfer of sensible heat from the atmosphere to soil. Despite this effect, high‐latitude soils were still projected to warm faster than elsewhere, albeit at slower rates than surface air above them. When compared with observations, the models were able to capture soil thermal dynamics in most biomes, but some failed to recreate thermal properties in permafrost regions. Particularly in cold regions, using soil warming rather than air warming projections may improve predictions of temperature‐sensitive soil processes.
Does Information Theory Provide a New Paradigm for Earth Science? Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Nearing Grey S. , Ruddell Benjamin L. , Bennett Andrew R. , Prieto Cristina , Gupta Hoshin V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractModel evaluation and hypothesis testing are fundamental to any field of science. We propose here that by changing slightly the way we think and communicate about inference—from being fundamentally a problem of uncertainty quantification to being a problem of information quantification—allows us to avoid certain problems related to testing models as hypotheses. We propose that scientists are typically interested in assessing the information provided by models, not the truth value or likelihood of a model. Information theory allows us to formalize this perspective.
Illuminating water cycle modifications and Earth system resilience in the Anthropocene
Authors: Gleeson Tom , Wang‐Erlandsson Lan , Porkka Miina , Zipper Samuel C. , Jaramillo Fernando , Gerten Dieter , Fetzer Ingo , Cornell Sarah E. , Piemontese Luigi , Gordon Line J. , Rockström Johan , Oki Taikan , Sivapalan Murugesu , Wada Yoshihide , Brauman Kate A. , Flörke Martina , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Lehner Bernhard , Keys Patrick , Kummu Matti , Wagener Thorsten , Dadson Simon , Troy Tara J. , Steffen Will , Falkenmark Malin , Famiglietti James S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFresh water—the bloodstream of the biosphere—is at the center of the planetary drama of the Anthropocene. Water fluxes and stores regulate the Earth's climate and are essential for thriving aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as water, food, and energy security. But the water cycle is also being modified by humans at an unprecedented scale and rate. A holistic understanding of freshwater's role for Earth system resilience and the detection and monitoring of anthropogenic water cycle modifications across scales is urgent, yet existing methods and frameworks are not well suited for this. In this paper we highlight four core Earth system functions of water (hydroclimatic regulation, hydroecological regulation, storage, and transport) and key related processes. Building on systems and resilience theory, we review the evidence of regional‐scale regime shifts and disruptions of the Earth system functions of water. We then propose a framework for detecting, monitoring, and establishing safe limits to water cycle modifications and identify four possible spatially explicit methods for their quantification. In sum, this paper presents an ambitious scientific and policy grand challenge that could substantially improve our understanding of the role of water in the Earth system and cross‐scale management of water cycle modifications that would be a complementary approach to existing water management tools.
Half Soccer Season Induced Physical Conditioning Adaptations in Elite Youth Players
Authors: Arregui-Martin Markel A. , Garcia-Tabar Ibai , Gorostiaga Esteban M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate training-induced fitness changes and their
relationship with training-competition load during half a soccer season (18
wks). Training load [heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)]
and match time were monitored, including 108 training (3 223
individuals) and 23 match sessions, in 38 youth elite male soccer players.
Fitness variables were assessed before and after the study. Yo-Yo intermittent
recovery test 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1) improved (P<0.001; 90%CI:
418–632 m; ES: 2.14). Anthropometrical, jump, sprint, and
change-of-direction measures remained unchanged. Jump test correlated with
sprint (r=0.74; P<0.001;
SEE=3.38 m·s−1) and Yo-Yo IRT1
(r=−0.58; P=0.005; SEE=4.11 m) tests.
Initial sum of 6 skinfolds was associated with changes in this same measure
(r=−0.51; P<0.001; SEE=21%). Initial
Yo-Yo IRT1 results were related to changes in Yo-Yo IRT1
(r=−0.84; P<0.001; SEE=10%) and match
time played (r=0.44; P=0.033; SEE=445 m). Mean
RPE records were related to training spent within 75–90% maximal
HR (r=0.54; P<0.001; SEE=4%). The half-season
was beneficial for endurance running performance but not for lower-limb
strength-velocity production capacity. The more aerobically deconditioned
players played fewer minutes of match, although they showed the greatest
improvements in endurance performance. Non-soccer-specific, scientifically
based, and individualized fitness programs in addition to soccer-specific
training are recommended.
Similar Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Carotid Stiffness in
Males and Females
Authors: Grigoriadis Georgios , Rosenberg Alexander J. , Lefferts Wesley K. , Wee Sang Ouk , Schroeder Elizabeth C , Baynard Tracy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSex differences exist in vascular responses to blood pressure perturbations,
such as resistance exercise. Increases in aortic stiffness following acute
resistance exercise appear different between sexes, with attenuated
increases in females vs. males. Whether sex differences exist in carotid
stiffness, following resistance exercise is unknown. This study sought to
examine sex differences in carotid stiffness, aortic stiffness, and
hemodynamics following acute resistance exercise. Thirty-five participants
(18 male) completed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of maximal isokinetic knee
extension/flexion. Aortic stiffness and hemodynamics were estimated
using an automated oscillometric blood pressure monitor at baseline, 5- and
30-min post-exercise. Carotid stiffness was assessed by β-stiffness
index, pressure-strain elastic modulus and arterial compliance using
ultrasonography. Resistance exercise increased aortic stiffness, mean and
systolic pressure at 5-min (p<0.01), and pressure-strain elastic
modulus at 5-min in both sexes (p<0.05). Arterial compliance
decreased at 5- and 30-min post exercise in both sexes (p<0.01). No
interaction effects were detected in carotid stiffness, aortic stiffness,
and hemodynamics, indicating similar vascular responses between sexes. Our
findings indicate that the large arteries appear to stiffen similarly
following resistance exercise in males and females when presented with
similar blood pressure responses.
The effector mechanism of siRNA spherical nucleic acids
Authors: Yamankurt Gokay , Stawicki Robert J. , Posadas Diana M. , Nguyen Joseph Q. , Carthew Richard W. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Although small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are promising agents for treating many diseases, cellular delivery difficulties have prevented their widespread application. The use of spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) as single-entity gene regulation agents could overcome this limitation, since SNAs naturally and rapidly enter over 50 cell types. Consequently, siRNA-SNAs have been extensively used for effecting knockdown in both research and clinical settings. However, the mechanism of gene regulation by siRNA-SNAs is not well understood. Herein, we study cytosolic processing of siRNA-SNAs and how it leads to gene knockdown. Informed by this mechanism, we designed an SNA architecture with an order-of-magnitude-higher siRNA density. Importantly, this higher density reduces the cellular toxicity of SNAs without loss in RNA interference performance.
The autophagy protein, FIP200 (RB1CC1) mediates progesterone responses governing uterine receptivity and decidualization†
Authors: Oestreich Arin K , Chadchan Sangappa B , Medvedeva Alexandra , Lydon John P , Jungheim Emily S , Moley Kelle H , Kommagani Ramakrishna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Successful establishment of pregnancy depends on steroid hormone-driven cellular changes in the uterus during the peri-implantation period. To become receptive to embryo implantation, uterine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) must transdifferentiate into decidual cells that secrete factors necessary for embryo survival and trophoblast invasion. Autophagy is a key homeostatic process vital for cellular homeostasis. Although the uterus undergoes major cellular changes during early pregnancy, the precise role of autophagy in uterine function is unknown. Here, we report that conditional knockout of the autophagy protein FIP200 in the reproductive tract of female mice results in reduced fecundity due to an implantation defect. In the absence of FIP200, aberrant progesterone signaling results in sustained uterine epithelial proliferation and failure of stromal cells to decidualize. Additionally, loss of FIP200 impairs decidualization of human ESCs. We conclude that the autophagy protein FIP200 plays a crucial role in uterine receptivity, decidualization, and fertility. These data establish autophagy as a major cellular pathway required for uterine receptivity and decidualization in both mice and human ESCs.
Embryotoxic impact of Zika virus in a rhesus macaque in vitro implantation model†
Authors: Block Lindsey N , Aliota Matthew T , Friedrich Thomas C , Schotzko Michele L , Mean Katherine D , Wiepz Gregory J , Golos Thaddeus G , Schmidt Jenna Kropp 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans, and infection in the first trimester can lead to miscarriage and stillbirth. Vertical and sexual transmissions of ZIKV have been demonstrated, yet the impact of infection during the initial stages of pregnancy remains unexplored. Here we defined the impact of ZIKV on early embryonic and placental development with a rhesus macaque model. During in vitro fertilization (IVF), macaque gametes were inoculated with a physiologically relevant dose of 5.48log10 plaque-forming units (PFU) of Zika virus/H.sapiens-tc/PUR/2015/PRVABC59_v3c2. Exposure at fertilization did not alter blastocyst formation rates compared to controls. To determine the impact of ZIKV exposure at implantation, hatched blastocysts were incubated with 3.26log10, 4.26log10, or 5.26log10 PFU, or not exposed to ZIKV, followed by extended embryo culture for 10 days. ZIKV exposure negatively impacted attachment, growth, and survival in comparison to controls, with exposure to 5.26log10 PFU ZIKV resulting in embryonic degeneration by day 2. Embryonic secretion of pregnancy hormones was lower in ZIKV-exposed embryos. Increasing levels of infectious virus were detected in the culture media post-exposure, suggesting that the trophectoderm is susceptible to productive ZIKV infection. These results demonstrate that ZIKV exposure severely impacts the zona-free blastocyst, whereas exposure at the time of fertilization does not hinder blastocyst formation. Overall, early stages of pregnancy may be profoundly sensitive to infection and pregnancy loss, and the negative impact of ZIKV infection on pregnancy outcomes may be underestimated.
Switching From Originator Adalimumab to the Biosimilar SB5 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Short-term Experience From a Single Tertiary Clinical Centre
Authors: Lukas Martin , Malickova K , Kolar M , Bortlik M , Vasatko M , Machkova N , Hruba V , Duricova D , Lukas Milan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients’ perspectives after switching from originator to biosimilar adalimumab have yet to be assessed. We evaluated the efficacy of switching from the originator adalimumab to a biosimilar compound [SB5] in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].

Methods
Data on IBD patients who were switched from the originator to biosimilar adalimumab [SB5] at IBD Center ISCARE were analysed. Disease activity was assessed using standard clinical indices (Harvey-Bradshaw index [HBI] for Crohn’s disease [CD] and partial Mayo score for ulcerative colitis [UC]), and laboratory parameters (C-reactive protein [CRP] and faecal calprotectin [FC]). Trough levels and anti-drug antibodies were measured. Patients were evaluated 10 weeks [W10] after the switch, and results were compared with the control group of patients on originator compound.

Results
A total of 93 patients switched to biosimilar adalimumab were included [CD 86%] and were matched to 93 controls for age, gender, diagnosis, and disease activity. There was no difference in the disease activity in either SWITCH or ORIGINATOR cohorts between Weeks 0 and 10. Similarly, no difference was found between cohorts at both prespecified time points. Moreover, no significant differences in CRP or FC concentrations were seen between W0 and W10 either in the SWITCH, or in the ORIGINATOR cohort [p &gt;0.05]. Adalimumab serum trough levels remained stable after the switch. No new safety signals were detected.

Conclusions
Our study confirmed that switching IBD patients from the originator adalimumab to a biosimilar compound [SB5] does not affect treatment efficacy.