bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Let there be more variability in two γ Cas stars
Authors: Nazé Yaël , Pigulski Andrzej , Rauw Gregor , Smith Myron A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the short-term optical variability of two γ Cas analogues,  πAqr and BZ Cru, thanks to intensive ground-based spectroscopic and space-borne photometric monitorings. For both stars, low-amplitude (mmag) coherent photometric variability is detected. The associated signals display long-term amplitude variations, as in other Be stars. However, these signals appear at high frequencies, especially in  πAqr, indicating p modes with a high degree l, a quite unusual feature amongst Be stars. While BZ Cru presents only low-level spectral variability, without clear periodicity, this is not the case of πAqr. In this star, the dominant photometric frequencies, near ∼12 d−1, are confirmed spectroscopically in separate monitorings taken during very different disc activity levels; the spectroscopic analysis suggests a probable tesseral nature for the mode.
A multiwavelength view of the open cluster NGC 2527: discovery of active stars
Authors: Shah Nevil , Singh K P , Subramaniam Annapurni 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Star clusters are ideal platforms for categorizing X-ray emitting stars and to study X-ray emission as a function of stellar age and activity. We present a comprehensive study of an open star cluster, NGC 2527, by combining data from XMM-UVOT-Gaia. Cluster membership of stars and their photometry are taken from Gaia and cross-matched with XMM and UVOT detections. We estimate the age of NGC 2527 as ∼630 Myr, reddening as E(B − V) = 0.13 mag, and a distance of 642 ± 30 pc using PARSEC isochrones. We detect five sub-subgiants and five bandgap stars, which defy single star evolution. We estimate the temperature, mass, radius, and luminosity of 53 single stars and 10 potential binary stars using a python code that fits single and composite Kurucz spectra to broad-band spectral energy distribution. Among the 12 X-ray emitting members, we find that five are potential RS CVn-type binaries, two are potential FK Comae type of red giant branch (RGB) stars, and five are main sequence (MS) stars with high coronal activity. Members with strong UV emission comprise one RGB star and several MS stars with UV excess suggestive of chromospheric activity. Based on comparison with other clusters, we tentatively suggest that X-ray luminosity of both RS CVn and contact binaries increases with age, suggesting that more active binaries are present in older clusters as compared to younger clusters. This study suggests possible presence of W UMa and FK Comae-type stars in younger (age ≃ 630 Myr) clusters.
How to quench a dwarf galaxy: The impact of inhomogeneous reionization on dwarf galaxies and cosmic filaments
Authors: Katz Harley , Ramsoy Marius , Rosdahl Joakim , Kimm Taysun , Blaizot Jérémy , Haehnelt Martin G , Michel-Dansac Léo , Garel Thibault , Laigle Clotilde , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We use the SPHINX suite of high-resolution cosmological radiation hydrodynamics simulations to study how spatially and temporally inhomogeneous reionization impacts the baryonic content of dwarf galaxies and cosmic filaments. We compare simulations with and without stellar radiation to isolate the effects of radiation feedback from that of supernova, cosmic expansion, and numerical resolution. We find that the gas content of cosmic filaments can be reduced by more than 80 per cent following reionization. The gas inflow rates into haloes with ${M_{\rm vir}\lesssim 10^8\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }}$ are strongly affected and are reduced by more than an order of magnitude compared to the simulation without reionization. A significant increase in gas outflow rates is found for halo masses ${M_{\rm vir}\lesssim 7\times 10^7\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }}$. Our simulations show that inflow suppression (i.e. starvation), rather than photoevaporation, is the dominant mechanism by which the baryonic content of high-redshift dwarf galaxies is regulated. At fixed redshift and halo mass, there is a large scatter in the halo baryon fractions that is entirely dictated by the timing of reionization in the local region surrounding a halo which can change by Δz ≳ 3 at fixed mass. Finally, although the gas content of high-redshift dwarf galaxies is significantly impacted by reionization, we find that most haloes with ${M_{\rm vir}\lesssim 10^8\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }}$ can remain self-shielded and form stars long after reionization, until their local gas reservoir is depleted, suggesting that Local Group dwarf galaxies do not necessarily exhibit star formation histories that peak prior to z = 6. Significantly larger simulation boxes will be required to capture the full process of reionization and understand how our results translate to environments not probed by our current work.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate at dialysis initiation and subsequent decline in residual kidney function among incident hemodialysis patients
Authors: Lertdumrongluk Paungpaga , Tantisattamo Ekamol , Obi Yoshitsugu , Nguyen Hoang Anh , Kovesdy Csaba P , Rhee Connie M , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Streja Elani 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at dialysis initiation, known as earlier start of dialysis, is often a surrogate of poor outcomes including higher mortality. We hypothesized that earlier dialysis initiation is associated with a faster decline in residual kidney function (RKF), which is also associated with higher mortality among incident hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods
In a cohort of 4911 incident HD patients who initiated HD over a 5-year period (July 2001 to June 2006), we examined the trajectories of RKF, ascertained by renal urea clearance (KRU), over 2 years after HD initiation across strata of eGFR at HD initiation using case-mix adjusted linear mixed-effect models. We then investigated the association between annual change in RKF and mortality using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
The median (interquartile range) baseline KRU was 2.20 (1.13–3.63)  mL/min/1.73 m2. The decline of KRU was faster in patients who initiated HD at higher eGFR. The relative changes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in KRU at 1 year after HD initiation were −1.29 (−1.28 to −1.30), −1.17 (−1.16 to −1.18), −1.11 (−1.10 to −1.12) and −0.78 (−0.78 to −0.79)  mL/min/1.73 m2 in the eGFR categories of ≥10, 8–&lt;10, 6–&lt;8 and &lt;6 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The faster decline of KRU at 1 year was associated with higher all-cause mortality (reference: ≥0 mL/min/1.73 m2): hazard ratios (95% CIs) for change in KRU of −1.5 to &lt;0, −3 to less than −1.5 and less than −3 mL/min/1.73 m2 were 1.20 (1.03–1.40), 1.42 (1.17–1.72) and 1.88 (1.47–2.40), respectively.

Conclusions
The faster decline of RKF happens with earlier dialysis initiation and is associated with higher all-cause mortality.
Young adults have worse kidney transplant outcomes than other age groups
Authors: Pankhurst Tanya , Evison Felicity , Mytton Jemma , Williamson Samantha , Kerecuk Larissa , Lipkin Graham 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to establish if renal transplant outcomes (graft and patient survival) for young adults in England were worse than for other age groups.

Methods
Outcomes for all renal transplant recipients in England (n = 26 874) were collected from Hospital Episode Statistics and the Office for National Statistics databases over 12 years. Graft and patient outcomes, follow-up and admissions were studied for all patients, stratified by age bands.

Results
Young adults (14–23 years) had substantially greater likelihood [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.19; P &lt; 0.001] of kidney transplant failure than any other age band. They had a higher non-attendance rate for clinic appointments (1.6 versus 1.2/year; P &lt; 0.001) and more emergency admissions post-transplantation (25% of young adults on average are admitted each year, compared with 15–20% of 34- to 43-year olds). Taking into account deprivation, ethnicity, transplant type and transplant centre, in the 14- to 23-year group, return to dialysis remained significantly worse than all other age bands (HR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.26–1.57). For the whole cohort, increasing deprivation related to poorer outcomes and black ethnicity was associated with poorer outcomes. However, neither ethnicity nor deprivation was over-represented in the young adult cohort.

Conclusions
Young adults who receive a kidney transplant have a significant increased likelihood of a return to dialysis in the first 10 years post-transplant when compared with those aged 34–43 years in multivariable analysis.
Assessing Hepatitis B Reactivation Risk With Rituximab and Recent Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy
Authors: Dysart Claire , Rozenberg-Ben-Dror Karine , Sales Mariscelle 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Hepatitis B reactivation (HBR) is a complication of immunosuppression associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To further complicate interpretation of hepatitis B serologies, false positivity can occur in patients with recent intravenous immunoglobulin exposure. This scenario is not well recognized and may lead to inappropriate prescribing of HBR prophylaxis.
Quantum of the bare cosmological constant
Authors: Loran Farhang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We show that there exist scalar field theories with plausible one-particle states in general $D$-dimensional nonstationary curved spacetimes whose propagating modes are localized on $d\le D$ dimensional hypersurfaces, and the corresponding stress tensor resembles the bare cosmological constant $\lambda_{\rm B}$ in the $D$-dimensional bulk. We show that nontrivial $d=1$ dimensional solutions correspond to $\lambda_{\rm B}&lt; 0$. Considering free scalar theories, we find that for $d=2$ the symmetry of the parameter space of classical solutions corresponding to $\lambda_{\rm B}\neq 0$ is $O(1,1)$, which enhances to $\mathbb{Z}_2\times{\rm Diff}(\mathbb{R}^1)$ at $\lambda_{\rm B}=0$. For $d&gt;2$ we obtain $O(d-1,1)$, $O(d-1)\times {\rm Diff}(\mathbb{R}^1)$, and $O(d-1,1)\times O(d-2)\times {\rm Diff}(\mathbb{R}^1)$ corresponding to, respectively, $\lambda_{\rm B}&lt;0$, $\lambda_{\rm B}=0$, and $\lambda_{\rm B}&gt;0$.
Long-term outcomes and disease course of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the ReACCh-Out cohort: a two-centre experience
Authors: Chhabra Amieleena , Robinson Cal , Houghton Kristin , Cabral David A , Morishita Kimberly , Tucker Lori B , Petty Ross E , Larché Maggie , Batthish Michelle , Guzman Jaime 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess long-term outcomes of children with JIA diagnosed in the biologic era.

Methods
Chart review of patients prospectively enrolled in the Research in Arthritis in Canadian Children Emphasizing Outcomes inception cohort at two Canadian centres. Inactive disease and remission were defined according to Wallace criteria.

Results
We included 247 of 254 (97%) eligible patients diagnosed 2005–10. At the last follow-up visit at a median age of 16.9 years, 47% were in remission off medications, 25% in remission on medications and 27% had active disease; 51% were on at least one anti-rheumatic medication (22% on biologics). Patients with systemic JIA had the highest frequency of remission off medications (70%) and patients with RF-positive polyarthritis had the lowest (18%) (P &lt;0.05 by Fisher’s exact test). Among 99 patients with oligoarthritis at enrolment, 14 (14%) had an oligoarthritis extended course. Forty-five patients (18%) had at least one erosion or joint space narrowing in X-rays or MRI, and two (0.8%) required joint replacement.

Conclusion
Relative to historical cohorts, this study suggests a reduction in JIA permanent damage, a more favourable prognosis for systemic JIA and a lower progression to oligoarthritis extended category. However, in an era of biologic therapy, one in four patients with JIA still enter adulthood with active disease and one in two still on treatment.
Segmented market economies in the Arab world: the political economy of insider–outsider divisions
Authors: Hertog Steffen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article argues that the low dynamism of low- to mid-income Arab economies is explained with a set of interconnected factors that constitute a particular variety of capitalism which we call ‘segmented market economy’. These include an over-committed and interventionist state; deep insider–outsider divides in private sectors and labor markets that result from and reinforce lopsided state intervention; and an equilibrium of low skills and low productivity that results from and reinforces insider–outsider divides. These mutually reinforcing features undermine encompassing cooperation between state, business and labor. While some of these features are generic to developing countries, others are regionally specific, including the relative importance and historical ambition of the state in the economy and, closely related, the relative size and rigidity of the insider coalitions created through government intervention. Insiders and outsiders exist everywhere, but the divisions are particularly stark, immovable and consequential in the Arab world.
The Association of Acculturation with Overt and Covert Perceived Discrimination for Older Asian Americans
Authors: Chan Keith 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAsian older adults are a fast-growing population in the United States. Because Asian older adults are a largely immigrant population, acculturation has an impact on their perceived discrimination, which is negatively associated with health and mental health. Discrimination can be overt, characterized by distrust and direct messages that are hostile and exclusionary, or covert, characterized by unfair treatment and messages that are negative and degrading. This study investigates the association of acculturation with perceived overt and covert discrimination, measured by the Everyday Discrimination Scale, with a sample of 348 foreign-born older Asian Americans from the National Latino and Asian American Study. Acculturation was measured by English-speaking ability, immigration-related variables, and ethnic identity. Results indicated that perceived covert discrimination was more prevalent than overt discrimination among older Asians. Among acculturation variables, only citizenship was associated with higher perceived covert and overt discrimination. Identifying with the same race was associated with higher covert discrimination. Findings suggest that higher acculturation is associated with greater exposure to discrimination for Asian older adults. Efforts to increase access and utilization of social and health-related services should consider the context of older Asians’ experiences as a discriminated immigrant group in the United States.
Trauma and Gene Expression: Understanding the Connections
Authors: Pilkay Stefanie Renee , Combs-Orme Terri 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Over 60% of trained social workers provide mental health services in their practices, and in all these settings clients are likely to have experienced trauma influencing their current circumstances, including childhood maltreatment and neglect. The 1998 Adverse Childhood Experiences Study has heightened interest in the long-term effects of trauma, especially early in life. Research has shown that our experiences influence our genes’ activity through biochemical changes in what is known as epigenetic marks. Yet social work practice has participated minimally in targeting the influences of genes on behavior for research or intervention, partially because of a lack of scientific knowledge. This systematic review examines published research that investigated the influences of early trauma experiences on changes in gene expression related to emotionality and stress response. Authors conducted a systematic literature review according to the steps outlined by Shuster in Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Collected literature was reduced to 76 peer-reviewed articles after applying exclusion criteria. A strong pattern of relationships emerged from the review. Trauma and early life stress were associated with epigenetic marks in offspring on genes linked to stress reactivity (22 studies) and emotionality (23 studies).
An ideal regime for the express trust—a comparative analysis: English, French, and Mexican law
Authors: Ibarra Garza Rafael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
By comparing English, Mexican, and French trust law, it is possible to shed light on the successes and shortcomings of each jurisdiction and, by this, propose principles for an ideal regime of the express trust. The comparison starts by analyzing the personal elements of the express trust and continues with the study of its real elements. Proposing an ideal regime can be a theoretical basis for future reforms introducing or improving the trust in civil and common law jurisdictions.
Vorpal: A novel RNA virus feature-extraction algorithm demonstrated through interpretable genotype-to-phenotype linear models
Authors: Davis Phillip , Bagnoli John , Yarmosh David , Shteyman Alan , Presser Lance , Altmann Sharon , Bradrick Shelton , Russell Joseph A. 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYIn the analysis of genomic sequence data, so-called “alignment free” approaches are often selected for their relative speed compared to alignment-based approaches, especially in the application of distance comparisons and taxonomic classification1,2,3,4. These methods are typically reliant on excising K-length substrings of the input sequence, called K-mers5. In the context of machine learning, K-mer based feature vectors have been used in applications ranging from amplicon sequencing classification to predictive modeling for antimicrobial resistance genes6,7,8. This can be seen as an analogy of the “bag-of-words” model successfully employed in natural language processing and computer vision for document and image classification9,10. Feature extraction techniques from natural language processing have previously been analogized to genomics data11; however, the “bag-of-words” approach is brittle in the RNA virus space due to the high intersequence variance and the exact matching requirement of K-mers. To reconcile the simplicity of “bag-of-words” methods with the complications presented by the intrinsic variance of RNA virus space, a method to resolve the fragility of extracted K-mers in a way that faithfully reflects an underlying biological phenomenon was devised. Our algorithm,Vorpal, allows the construction of interpretable linear models with clustered, representative ‘degenerate’ K-mers as the input vector and, through regularization, sparse predictors of binary phenotypes as the output. Here, we demonstrate the utility ofVorpalby identifying nucleotide-level genomic motif predictors for binary phenotypes in three separate RNA virus clades; human pathogen vs. non-human pathogen inOrthocoronavirinae, hemorrhagic fever causing vs. non-hemorrhagic fever causing inEbolavirus, and human-host vs. non-human host in Influenza A. The capacity of this approach forin silicoidentification of hypotheses which can be validated by direct experimentation, as well as identification of genomic targets for preemptive biosurveillance of emerging viruses, is discussed. The code is available for download athttps://github.com/mriglobal/vorpal.
Non-canonical roles of caspase-4 and caspase-5 in heme driven- IL-1β release and cell death
Authors: Bolívar Beatriz E. , Brown Alexandra N. , Rohrman Brittany A. , Charendoff Chloé I. , Yazdani Vanda , Belcher John D. , Vercellotti Gregory M. , Flanagan Jonathan M. , Bouchier-Hayes Lisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExcessive release of heme from red blood cells is a key pathophysiological feature of several disease states including bacterial sepsis, malaria, and sickle cell disease. This hemolysis results in an increased level of free heme that has been implicated in the inflammatory activation of monocytes, macrophages, and endothelium. Here, we show that extracellular heme engages the human inflammatory caspases, caspase-1, caspase-4, and caspase-5, resulting in the release of IL-1β. Heme-induced IL-1β release was further increased in macrophages from patients with sickle cell disease. In human primary macrophages, heme activated caspase-1 in an inflammasome-dependent manner, but heme-induced activation of caspase-4 and caspase-5 was independent of canonical inflammasomes. Furthermore, we show that both caspase-4, and caspase-5 are essential for heme-induced IL-1β release, while caspase-4 is the primary contributor to heme-induced cell death. Together, we have identified that extracellular heme acts as a damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that can engage canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation as a key mediator of inflammation in macrophages.FootnotesFunding for the project includes NIH/NIDDK T32DK060445 (BEB, BAR), NIH/NIDDK F32DK121479 (BEB), NIH/NIGMS R01GM121389 (LBH), NIH/NHLBI R01HL114567 (JDB, GMV), NIH/NHLBI R01-HL136415 (JMF), and CPRIT-RP180672, NIHCA125123 and NIHRR024574 (Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core at Baylor College of Medicine)Key PointsHeme induces oligomerization of caspase-1, caspase-4, and caspase-5.Heme-induced IL-1β release requires both caspase-4 and caspase-5.Caspase-4 alone contributes to heme-induced cell death.
Conformation control of the histidine kinase BceS ofBacillus subtilisby its cognate ABC-transporter facilitates need-based activation of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Koh Alan , Gibbon Marjorie J. , Van der Kamp Marc W. , Pudney Christopher R. , Gebhard Susanne 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYBacteria closely control gene expression to ensure optimal physiological responses to their environment. Such careful gene expression can minimize the fitness cost associated with antibiotic resistance. We previously described a novel regulatory logic inBacillus subtilisenabling the cell to directly monitor its need for detoxification. This cost-effective strategy is achieved via a two-component regulatory system (BceRS) working in a sensory complex with an ABC-transporter (BceAB), together acting as a flux-sensor where signaling is proportional to transport activity. How this is realized at the molecular level has remained unknown. Using experimentation and computation we here show that the histidine kinase is activated by piston-like displacements in the membrane, which are converted to helical rotations in the catalytic core via an intervening HAMP-like domain. Intriguingly, the transporter was not only required for kinase activation, but also to actively maintain the kinase in its inactive state in the absence of antibiotics. Such coupling of kinase activity to that of the transporter ensures the complete control required for transport flux-dependent signaling. Moreover, we show that the transporter likely conserves energy by signaling with sub-maximal sensitivity. These results provide the first mechanistic insights into transport flux-dependent signaling, a unique strategy for energy-efficient decision making.