bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving blood‐prescribing decisions: Evaluating the efficacy of a blood guidelines app
Authors: Watson Paul , Watson Denise , Dhesi Amanpreet , New Helen V. , Davidson Anne , Armstrong Richard , Birchall Janet 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the effect of an app providing national blood transfusion guidelines on prescribing decisions.BackgroundNational, regional and local audits in England consistently show inappropriate use of all blood components; around 15%–20% of red blood cells (RBC) and 20%–30% of platelets and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Hospital transfusion guidelines may be difficult to locate and not agree with national guidelines. We developed and tested a dedicated app providing national evidence‐based guidelines for use at the point of care to help clinicians make better decisions when authorising blood.Methods/materialsWe identified areas of blood authorisation with high frequency of component use and evidence of widespread unnecessary authorisation. We developed seven representative clinical scenarios where the transfusion of blood components may or may not benefit the adult patient. Responding doctors were invited to select their authorisation choice via an online questionnaire, initially without and then with access to the app. Adherence to guidelines was assessed with and without aid of the app.ResultsUsing the app, doctors were much more likely to select the correct decision, in accordance with national guidance. Compared with baseline measurements, decisions improved by 67% for RBC, 58% for platelets and 73% for FFP. These improvements were statistically significant.ConclusionApps such as “Blood Components” can help doctors do “the right thing rather than the wrong thing”. Further studies are required to assess the impact of using the app in clinical practice and the effect on blood component management and financial savings.
Clinicopathological abnormalities associated with increased animal triage trauma score in cats presenting for vehicular trauma: 75 cases (1998–2009)
Authors: Lyons Bridget M. , Ateca Laura B. , Otto Cynthia M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo document the clinical and clinicopathological changes in cats presenting with vehicular trauma (VT) and to determine whether the calculated animal trauma triage (ATT) score was associated with any clinicopathological abnormalities.DesignRetrospective descriptive study conducted between 1998 and 2009.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsSeventy‐five client‐owned cats that presented for VT to an urban veterinary hospital.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsPertinent history, physical examination findings, results of biochemical testing, and outcome were extracted from medical records. ATT score was calculated based on physical examination. Patients were classified as having either a low (<5) ATT (n = 30) or a high (≥5) ATT (n = 45) score. Male cats were overrepresented (60.0%), and a majority of cats had outdoor access (65.3%). Low PCV (P = 0.024), low total plasma protein concentration (P = 0.032), low venous blood pH (P = 0.047), high plasma lactate concentration (P = 0.047), low plasma bicarbonate concentration (P = 0.047), low base excess (P = 0.047), and high plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.047) were associated with higher ATT scores. In addition, low noninvasive blood pressure measurements (P = 0.008) were associated with higher ATT scores.ConclusionsThere was a significant association between lower PCV, lower total plasma protein concentration, lower venous blood pH, higher plasma lactate concentration, lower plasma bicarbonate concentration, lower base excess, higher whole blood glucose concentration, and lower noninvasive blood pressure and higher ATT scores at presentation in feline patients suffering from VT. Prospective evaluation of these values may prove useful in furthering understanding of the pathophysiology of trauma in cats.
Kinematics and Force Transmission Analysis of a Decoupled Remote Center of Motion Mechanism Based on Intersecting Planes
Authors: Wu Kaiyu , Zhang Fan , Cui Guohua , Sun Jing , Zheng Minhua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A decoupled mechanism based on intersecting planes that can be considered as a parallel mechanism with two arms is presented in this paper. The end-effector is connected to the base through two planar serial arms. The new specific characteristics of novel mechanism allow the generation of a remote center of motion (RCM) possessing two decoupled rotational degrees-of-freedom (DoF) and a tanslational DoF. It has a simpler control scheme and a larger workspace due to the decoupling characteristics of this mechanism when compared with the RCM mechanism based on intersecting planes proposed by Li et al. This mechanism also eliminates the singularity inside its workspace that impairs the original mechanism. In the final part of this paper, through an analysis of the force transmission performance, we derive a method to adjust the length of the linkage to optimize its force transmission performance.
Mechanical Behavior of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Parts at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Mian Md Jamal , Razmi Jafar , Ladani Leila 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ti6Al4V is one of the vital metal alloys used in various industries including aerospace, especially at high-temperature applications, because of having high strength-to-weight ratio, and high melting temperature. Manufacturing these metal parts by the conventional subtractive methods have been challenging due to the difficulty involved with the cutting and machining it. However, additive manufacturing (AM) offers a convenient way for shaping this metal into the desired complex parts. Although different powder bed fusion (PBF) AM processes are time and cost effective, degradation of mechanical properties during high-temperature applications could be a concern for parts produced by them. Therefore, this study focuses on the anisotropic and high-temperature elastic and plastic behaviors of Ti6Al4V parts made using electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) process. Mechanical properties, like modulus of elasticity, 0.2% yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and percent elongation, have been determined at 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C temperatures from the samples produced in different build orientations. Considerable anisotropic behavior and temperature dependency were observed for all the analyzed properties. At 600 °C, various softening mechanisms such dislocation glide, grain boundary slip, and grain growth were anticipated to be activated reducing the flow stress and increasing the elasticity. Fractography analysis on fractured surfaces of the samples reveals various defects, including partially melted or unmelted powder particles near the surface and subsurface areas. Those internal and external defects are analyzed further using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and surface profilometer to show their effect on the anisotropic behaviors.
Flow Field Analysis and Nearfield Acoustic Signature Reduction of a Stationary Fan Blade Array
Authors: Zaheer Syed Qasim , Disimile Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A highly cambered and loaded stationary fan blade cascade of an in-service centrifugal fan is analyzed in this research work at flow conditions corresponding to design point operation of subject fan. The configuration of enclosed blade cascade includes upstream and downstream ducts. A preliminary analysis of flow variables and nearfield acoustic spectra is carried out experimentally which then provided boundary conditions and validation data for an extensive numerical analysis using embedded large eddy simulation turbulence model in ansysfluent 19.0 environment. The comprehensive analysis of flow field and nearfield aeroacoustics of blade array configuration reveals vortex shedding from blade leading edge and its interaction with pressure side surface of adjacent blade becomes one of major source in the aeroacoustics signature of blade array. The vortex shedding frequency and the frequency of upstream turbulence interaction with blade leading edge are identified. A novel method of placing rectangular cavity on pressure side of blade array to suppress the impact of impingement of leading-edge vortex via cavity acoustic wave is explored. The numerical results reveal a reduction in noise by 6 dB encouraging the efficacy of this method as a passive technique to reduce aeroacoustics signature of researched blade array configuration.
A Theoretical Model for Ship–Wave Impact Generated Sea Spray
Authors: Mintu Shafiul , Molyneux David , Colbourne Bruce 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpray generated by ships traveling in cold oceans often leads to topside icing, which can be dangerous to vessels. Estimation of the spray flux is a first step in predicting icing accumulation. The amount of spray water, the duration of exposure to the spray, and the frequency at which the spray is generated are all important parameters in estimating the spray flux. Most existing spray flux formulae are based on field observations from small fishing vessels. They consider meteorological and oceanographic parameters but neglect the vessel behavior. Ship heave and pitch motions, together with ship speed, determine the frequency of spray events. Thus, the existing formulae are not generally applicable to different sizes and types of vessels. This paper develops simple methods to quantify spray properties in terms that can be applied to vessels of any size or type. Formulae to estimate water content and spray duration are derived based on principles of energy conservation and dimensional analysis. To estimate spray frequency considering ship motions, a theoretical model is proposed. The model inputs are restricted to ship’s principal particulars, operating conditions, and environmental conditions. Wave-induced motions are estimated using semi-empirical analytical expressions. A novel spray threshold is developed to separate deck wetness frequency from spray frequency. Spray flux estimates are validated against full-scale field measurements available in the open literature with reasonable agreement.
Fracture Pressure Prediction Using Surface Drilling Parameters by Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Ahmed Abdulmalek , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Ali Abdulwahab 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeveral correlations are available to determine the fracture pressure, a vital property of a well, which is essential in the design of the drilling operations and preventing problems. Some of these correlations are based on the rock and formation characteristics, and others are based on log data. In this study, five artificial intelligence (AI) techniques predicting fracture pressure were developed and compared with the existing empirical correlations to select the optimal model. Real-time data of surface drilling parameters from one well were obtained using real-time drilling sensors. The five employed methods of AI are functional networks (FN), artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), radial basis function (RBF), and fuzzy logic (FL). More than 3990 datasets were used to build the five AI models by dividing the data into training and testing sets. A comparison between the results of the five AI techniques and the empirical fracture correlations, such as the Eaton model, Matthews and Kelly model, and Pennebaker model, was also performed. The results reveal that AI techniques outperform the three fracture pressure correlations based on their high accuracy, represented by the low average absolute percentage error (AAPE) and a high coefficient of determination (R2). Compared with empirical models, the AI techniques have the advantage of requiring less data, only surface drilling parameters, which can be conveniently obtained from any well. Additionally, a new fracture pressure correlation was developed based on ANN, which predicts the fracture pressure with high precision (R2 = 0.99 and AAPE = 0.094%).
Optimized Artificial Neural Network Model and Compensator in Model Predictive Control for Anomaly Mitigation
Authors: Hong Seong Hyeon , Cornelius Jackson , Wang Yi , Pant Kapil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a new artificial neural network (ANN)-based system model that concatenates an optimized artificial neural network (OANN) and a neural network compensator (NNC) in series to capture temporally varying system dynamics caused by slow-paced degradation/anomaly. The OANN comprises a complex, fully connected multilayer perceptron, trained offline using nominal, anomaly free data, and remains unchanged during online operation. Its hyperparameters are selected using genetic algorithm-based meta-optimization. The compact NNC is updated continuously online using collected sensor data to capture the variations in system dynamics, rectify the OANN prediction, and eventually minimize the discrepancy between the OANN-predicted and actual response. The combined OANN–NNC model then reconfigures the model predictive control (MPC) online to alleviate disturbances. Through numerical simulation using an unmanned quadrotor as an example, the proposed model demonstrates salient capabilities to mitigate anomalies introduced to the system while maintaining control performance. We compare the OANN–NNC with other online modeling techniques (adaptive ANN and multinetwork model), showing it outperforms them in reference tracking of altitude control by at least 0.5 m and yaw control by 1 deg. Moreover, its robustness is confirmed by the MPC consistency regardless of anomaly presence, eliminating the need for additional model management during online operation.
The Physiological and Perceptual Effects of Stochastic Simulated Rugby League Match Play
Authors: Mullen Thomas , Twist Craig , Highton Jamie 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To examine responses to a simulated rugby league protocol designed to include more stochastic commands, and therefore require greater vigilance, than traditional team-sport simulation protocols. Methods: Eleven male university rugby players completed 2 trials (randomized and control [CON]) of a rugby league movement simulation protocol, separated by 7 to 10 d. The CON trial consisted of 48 repeated ∼115-s cycles of activity. The stochastic simulation (STOCH) was matched for the number and types of activity performed every 5.45 min in CON but included no repeated cycles of activity. Movement using GPS, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and Stroop test performance was assessed throughout. Maximum voluntary contraction peak torque, voluntary activation (in percentage), and global task load were assessed after exercise. Results: The mean mental demand of STOCH was higher than CON (effect size [ES] = 0.56; ±0.69). Mean sprint speed was higher in STOCH (22.5 [1.4] vs 21.6 [1.6] km·h−1, ES = 0.50; ±0.55), which was accompanied by a higher rating of perceived exertion (14.3 [1.0] vs 13.0 [1.4], ES = 0.87; ±0.67) and a greater number of errors in the Stroop test (10.3 [2.5] vs 9.3 [1.4] errors; ES = 0.65; ±0.83). Maximum voluntary contraction peak torque (CON = −48.4 [31.6] N·m and STOCH = −39.6 [36.6] N·m) and voluntary activation (CON = −8.3% [4.8%] and STOCH = −6.0% [4.1%]) was similarly reduced in both trials. Conclusions: Providing more stochastic commands, which requires greater vigilance, might alter performance and associated physiological, perceptual, and cognitive responses to team-sport simulations.
Combination of gemcitabine and anti-PD-1 antibody enhances the anticancer effect of M1 macrophages and the Th1 response in a murine model of pancreatic cancer liver metastasis
Authors: Ho Tuyen Thuy Bich , Nasti Alessandro , Seki Akihiro , Komura Takuya , Inui Hiiro , Kozaka Takashi , Kitamura Yoji , Shiba Kazuhiro , Yamashita Taro , Yamashita Tatsuya , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Wada Takashi , Honda Masao , Kaneko Shuichi , Sakai Yoshio 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPancreatic ductular adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most dreadful of malignancies, in part due to the lack of efficacious chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies, are novel promising forms of systemic immunotherapy. In the current study, we assessed whether gemcitabine (GEM) combined with anti-PD-1 antibody treatment was efficacious as immunochemotherapy for advanced PDAC using a murine model of liver metastasis.MethodsThe murine model of PDAC liver metastasis was established by intrasplenically injecting the murine pancreatic cancer cell line PAN02 into immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice. The mice were treated with an anti-PD-1 antibody, GEM, or a combination of GEM plus anti-PD-1 antibody, and compared with no treatment (control); liver metastases, immune cell infiltration, gene expression, immune cell response phenotypes, and overall survival were investigated.ResultsIn the metastatic tumor tissues of mice treated with GEM plus anti-PD-1 antibody, we observed the increased infiltration of Th1 lymphocytes and M1 macrophages. Gene expression profile analysis of peripheral blood cells obtained from mice treated with GEM plus anti-PD-1 antibody clearly highlighted T cell and innate immune signaling pathways. Survival of PDAC liver metastasis mice was significantly prolonged by the combination therapy (median survival, 66 days) when compared with that of GEM alone treatment (median survival, 56 days). Expanded lymphocytes, which were isolated from the splenocytes of PDAC liver metastasis mice treated with GEM plus anti-PD-1 antibody, had an increased number of M1 macrophages.ConclusionThe combination of anti-PD-1 antibody immunotherapy with GEM was beneficial to treat a murine model of PDAC liver metastasis by enhancing the immune response mediated by Th1 lymphocytes and M1 macrophages and was associated with CD8+ T cells.
Composite Score of Healthy Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Luu Hung N. , Behari Jaideep , Goh George Boon-Bee , Wang Renwei , Jin Aizhen , Thomas Claire E. , Clemente Jose C. , Odegaard Andrew O. , Koh Woon-Puay , Yuan Jian-Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
While the associations between individual lifestyle factors and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been described previously, their combined impact on HCC risk is unknown.

Methods:
The association of a composite score of healthy lifestyle factors, including body mass index, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, alternative Mediterranean diet, and sleep duration, and HCC risk was examined in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of 63,257 Chinese men and women. Cox proportional hazard regression method was used to estimate HR and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Conditional logistic regression method was used to evaluate this composite lifestyle score–HCC risk association among a subset of individuals who tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti–hepatitis C antibody.

Results:
After a mean follow-up of 17.7 years, 561 participants developed HCC. Individuals with higher composite scores representing healthier lifestyles (range 0–8) were at significantly lower risk of HCC. Compared with the lowest composite score category (0–4), the HRs (95% CIs) for the composite scores of 5, 6, 7, and 8 were 0.67 (0.62–0.85), 0.61 (0.48–0.77), 0.49 (0.37–0.65), and 0.13 (0.06–0.30), respectively (Ptrend &lt; 0.0001). A similar inverse association was observed in participants with negative HBsAg and anti–hepatitis C virus (HCV)-negative serology (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.19–0.79; for the highest vs. the lowest category of the composite scores; Ptrend = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Healthy lifestyles protect against HCC development, especially for individuals without hepatitis B virus and HCV infections.

Impact:
This study highlights the importance of a comprehensive lifestyle modification strategy for HCC primary prevention.
Clonal Architecture ofEGFRMutation Predicts the Efficacy of EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced NSCLC: A Prospective Multicenter Study (NCT03059641)
Authors: Ai Xinghao , Cui Jiuwei , Zhang Jiexia , Chen Rongrong , Lin Wen , Xie Congying , Liu Anwen , Zhang Junping , Yang Weihua , Hu Xiaohua , Hu Xiaohua , Zhao Qiong , Rao Chuangzhou , Zang Yuan-Sheng , Ning Ruiling , Li Pansong , Chang Lianpeng , Yi Xin , Lu Shun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurpose:Clonal architecture is fundamental for the understanding of cancer biology and therapy; however, multiregional sampling in advanced-stage cancers is not always applicable. This prospective clinical trial was to investigate whether paired tissue and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could describe the clonal architecture of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its association with clinical outcome (NCT03059641).Patients and Methods:Paired tumor and plasma ctDNA samples were sequenced by target-capture deep sequencing of 1,021 genes. Clonal dominance analysis was performed on the basis of PyClone.Results:Overall, 300 treatment-naïve patients with stage IIIB–IV NSCLC were recruited from 14 centers. Of the 94 patients with available ctDNA data for EGFR clonal architecture analysis, 72 (76.6%) showed EGFR as the dominant clone. The median progression-free survival was longer for these patients than for the 22 patients whose EGFR was nondominant clone [11 vs. 10 months; HR, 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24–0.88; P = 0.02]. The difference was more significant if both tissue and ctDNA defined EGFR as dominant clone (n = 43) versus those not (n = 8; 11 vs. 6 months; HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04–0.50; P = 0.003). Moreover, multivariate Cox proportional HR analysis demonstrated EGFR clonal architecture as an independent prognostic indicator of the efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).Conclusions:Paired tissue and ctDNA could be analyzed for clonal architecture in advanced cancer. EGFR mutations do not always make up a dominant clone in advanced NSCLC, which was associated with the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC.
SLX4IP Promotes Telomere Maintenance in Androgen Receptor–Independent Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer through ALT-like Telomeric PML Localization
Authors: Mangosh Tawna L. , Awadallah Wisam N. , Grabowska Magdalena M. , Taylor Derek J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

In advanced prostate cancer, resistance to androgen deprivation therapy is achieved through numerous mechanisms, including loss of the androgen receptor (AR) allowing for AR-independent growth. Therapeutic options are limited for AR-independent castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and defining mechanisms critical for survival is of utmost importance for targeting this lethal disease. Our studies focus on identifying telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) hallmarks adopted by CRPC to promote survival. TMMs are responsible for telomere elongation to instill replicative immortality and prevent senescence, with the two TMM pathways available being telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Here, we show that AR-independent CRPC demonstrates an atypical ALT-like phenotype with variable telomerase expression and activity, whereas AR-dependent models lack discernible ALT hallmarks. In addition, AR-independent CRPC cells exhibited elevated levels of SLX4IP, a protein implicated in promoting ALT. SLX4IP overexpression in AR-dependent C4-2B cells promoted an ALT-like phenotype and telomere maintenance. SLX4IP knockdown in AR-independent DU145 and PC-3 cells led to ALT-like hallmark reduction, telomere shortening, and induction of senescence. In PC-3 xenografts, this effect translated to reduced tumor volume. Using an in vitro model of AR-independent progression, loss of AR in AR-dependent C4-2B cells promoted an atypical ALT-like phenotype in an SLX4IP-dependent manner. Insufficient SLX4IP expression diminished ALT-like hallmarks and resulted in accelerated telomere loss and senescence.

Implications:
This study demonstrates a unique reliance of AR-independent CRPC on SLX4IP-mediated ALT-like hallmarks and loss of these hallmarks induces telomere shortening and senescence, thereby impairing replicative immortality.