bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracapsular extension on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging better predicts pT3 disease at radical prostatectomy compared to perineural invasion on biopsy
Authors: Griffiths Luke , Kotamarti Srinath , Mikhail David , Sarcona Joseph , Rastinehad Ardeshir R. , Villani Robert , Kreshover Jessica , Hall Simon J. , Vira Manish A. , Schwartz Michael J. , Richstone Lee 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Risk assessment for non-organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa) is important in the surgical planning for radical prostatectomy (RP). Perineural invasion (PNI) on prostate biopsy has been associated with adverse pathological outcomes at prostatectomy. Similarly, the identification of suspected extracapsular extension (ECE) on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has been shown to predict non-organ-confined disease. However, no prior study has compared these factors in predicting adverse pathology at prostatectomy. We evaluated mpMRI ECE and prostate biopsy PNI on multivariable analysis to determine their ability to predict pathological stage at time of RP.
Methods: We retrospectively investigated the prostatectomy database at our institution to identify men who underwent prostate biopsy with pre-biopsy mpMRI and subsequent RP from 2013–2017. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to compare the association of mpMRI ECE (mECE) and PNI on prostate biopsy on the likelihood of finding pT3 disease on pathology post-prostatectomy.
Results: Of a total 454 RP between 2013 and 2017, 191 patients met our inclusion criteria. Stage pT2 and pT3+ were found in 120 (62.8%) and 71 (37.2%) patients, respectively. Patients with mECE had 4.84 cumulative odds of worse pathological stage on RP (p=0.045) compared to PNI on biopsy, which showed cumulative odds of 2.25 (p=0.048). When controlling only for those patients without PNI, mECE was still found to be a significant predictor of pT3 disease at RP (p=0.030). However, in patients without mECE, PNI was not significant (p=0.062).
Conclusions: While mECE and biopsy PNI were both associated with worse pathological stage on RP, mECE had significantly higher cumulative odds compared to PNI. The significant predictive ability of mECE adds further clinical value to the use of mpMRI in PCa management. While validation in a larger cohort is required, these factors have important clinical implications with regards to early diagnosis of advanced disease and surgical planning.
Innate immune memory is associated with increased disease-free survival in bladder cancer patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin
Authors: Graham Charles H. , Paré Jean-François , Cotechini Tiziana , Hopman Wilma , Hindmarch Charles C.T. , Ghaffari Abdi , Marginean Diana , Chenard Stephen , Koti Madhuri , Siemens D. Robert 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: While studies suggest that innate immune memory acquired by circulating monocytes may mediate the benefit of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), prospective studies are lacking. Innate immune memory is defined by enhanced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells following a secondary challenge with pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands.
Methods: Peripheral blood monocytes isolated from 33 patients with intermediate- or high-risk NMIBC before and after two or five induction BCG instillations were stimulated with the PRR ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inflammatory cytokine levels in the culture medium were measured. Extent of innate immune memory acquisition was determined by dividing the levels of cytokines released after BCG instillation by the levels released prior to BCG therapy.
Results: Monocytes secreted variable levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, IL-12, and IL-10. Compared with patients with recurrences, the post-BCG:pre-BCG ratio of IL-12 in monocyte cultures from patients without recurrences after five BCG instillations was significantly increased. Patients with no innate immune memory (based on IL-12 ratios) had significantly shorter times-to-recurrence than patients with innate immune memory (p<0.001). Eighty-four percent (16/19) of patients with innate immune memory vs. only 22% (2/9) of patients without memory had disease-free survival of over 500 days.
Conclusion: Results demonstrate a potential link between BCG-induced innate immune memory peripherally and local anti-tumor responses. Further validation will increase our understanding of the mode of action of BCG and, therefore, will be used to enhance its effectiveness.
¿Se puede considerar formal la lógica de Aristóteles?
Authors: Llovet Abascal José María 
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo planteo la pregunta de si la lógica de Aristóteles es o no una lógica formal. Respondo que, aunque las doctrinas contenidas en el Organon inauguren, efectivamente, la lógica formal, hay también buenas razones para pensar que Aristóteles no creía que la lógica fuese una disciplina que pudiera prescindir por completo del contenido.
In this paper I discuss the question of whether Aristotle’s logic is a formal logic or not. I answer that, although the doctrines contained in the Organon inaugurate indeed formal logic, there are also good reasons to think that Aristotle did not believe that logic was a discipline that ought to prescind completely from content.
O galego, unha lingua sen dialectos: olladas sociais e lingüísticas sobre a variación dialectal
Authors: Dubert-García Francisco 
Published: January 2021

Os dialectólogos galegos acostuman a negar que o galego conteña no seu seo dialectos e interpretan esta ausencia como mostra da súa unidade. Con todo, estes investigadores agrupan as diversas falas en entidades que poden denominar bloques, áreas ou modalidades. Neste traballo analízase como os dialectólogos galegos establecen a unidade do galego, organizan as súas variedades xeolectais e xustifican a súa autonomía fronte ás linguas veciñas. A miña aproximación mostra que existen dúas formas de contemplar as falas galegas: unha ollada social e outra lingüística.
Galician dialectologists often deny that Galician language includes dialects and take this absence as an evidence of its unity. However, these scholars group the different geographical varieties into entities that they may refer to as blocks, areas or types. In this paper I will analyse the way Galician dialectologists stablish the unity of Galician language, organize its geolectal varieties and justify its autonomy with respect to its neighbour languages. My approach suggests that there exist two ways of looking at the Galician dialectal varieties: a social and a linguistic view.
La voce del satiro.
Authors: Tabacchini Paolo 
Published: January 2021

The objective of this article is to highlight the peculiar aspects of the character of the Satyr in Aminta, the pastoral play by Torquato Tasso. The study – that will take into account both traditional use of this mask in the pastoral genre (ancient and modern) and the particular poetic conception of the author – is conducted through the systematic commentary of the Satyr’s monologue (Aminta II, 1), the only time when his voice can be heard and his real and deep intentions can be understood. Beyond the pastoral allegory, the singular theory about love and violence, brought by the words of this contradictory character into the peaceful scene of the drama, appears like a strong invective against the hypocrisies hidden in civil society.
L’obiettivo di quest’articolo è mettere in luce gli aspetti peculiari del personaggio del Satiro nella favola pastorale di Torquato Tasso Aminta. Lo studio (che terrà conto sia dell’uso tradizione di questa maschera nel genere pastorale (antico e moderno), sia la particolare concezione poetica dell’autore) è condotto attraverso il commento sistematico del monologo del Satiro (Aminta II, 1), l’unico momento in cui la sua voce può essere ascoltata e le sue reali e profonde intenzioni possono essere comprese. Al di là dell’allegoria pastorale, la singolare teoria sull’amore e la violenza che le parole di questo contradditorio personaggio portano sulla pacifica scena del dramma si mostra come una forte invettiva contro le ipocrisie nascoste nella società civile.
A New Recongnition System Based on Gabor Wavelet Transform for Shockable Electrocardiograms
Authors: Okai Takayuki , Akimoto Shonosuke , Oya Hidetoshi , Nakano Kazushi , Miyauchi Hiroshi , Hoshi Yoshikatsu 
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a new recognition system for shockable arrhythmias for patients suffering from sudden cardiac arrest. In order to develop the recognition system, lots of electrocardiogram (ECGs) have been analyzed by using gabor wavelet transform (GWT). Although, there is a huge number of spectrum feature parameters, recognition performance for all combinations for spectrum feature parameters are evaluated, and on the basis of the evaluation results, useful and effective spectrum features for ECGs are extracted. As a result, the proposed recognition system based on the selected effective spectrum feature parameters can achieved good performance comparing with the existing results.
Recent advances in stimuli‐responsive theranostic systems with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics
Authors: Hu Jing‐Jing , Jiang Wenlian , Yuan Lizhen , Duan Chong , Yuan Qiming , Long Zi , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTheranostic systems by integrating the tumor imaging and tumor therapeutic capabilities into one platform have attracted numerous attentions from worldwide researchers. Despite the great developments, their clinical application is still in the nascent stage, owing to the unsatisfied imaging quality and limited therapeutic efficacy. Fortunately, the emerging of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecules with unique fluorescence property offers an opportunity to solve the imaging problem. Besides, further utilizing the tumor microenvironments and external triggers to design the stimuli‐responsive imaging‐guided therapy could enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects. In this review, the advancements in stimuli‐responsive theranostic systems with AIE characteristics are summarized. Theranostic systems are first classified according to their treatment modes, and then subdivided based on various stimuli, including pH, redox, enzyme, and light. In each section, the design strategies and application examples are introduced. At last, the current state of the art, limitations, as well as prospects are also discussed.
HNO to NO Conversion Mechanism with Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase, Comparison with Heme Protein Mediated Conversions, and the Origin of Questionable Reversibility
Authors: Shi Yelu , Michael Matthew A. , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe interconversion of NO and HNO, via copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), is important in biomedicine and for HNO detection. Many mechanistic questions, including the decades‐long debate on reversibility, were resolved in this work. Calculations of various active‐site and full‐protein models show that the basic mechanism is proton‐coupled electron transfer with a computed barrier of 10.98 kcal mol−1, which is in excellent agreement with experimental results (10.62 kcal mol−1), and this nonheme protein‐mediated reaction has many significant mechanistic differences compared with the conversions mediated by heme proteins due to geometric and electronic factors. The reasons for the irreversible nature of this conversion and models with the first thermodynamically favorable and kinetically feasible mechanism for the experimental reverse reaction were discovered. Such results are the first for nonheme enzyme mediated HNO to NO conversions, which shall facilitate other related studies and HNO probe development.
On the performance of joint low‐complexity equalization and CFO compensation for SISO‐OFDM communication systems with chaotic interleaving and DCT
Authors: Ramadan Khaled , Alturki Abdulrahman , Dessouky Moawad I. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe implementation of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can be achieved using Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (IDCT), and DCT instead of Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), and DFT. The Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) is the main issue of the OFDM system. One of the tools to mitigate the CFO effect and improve the Bit‐Error‐Rate (BER) performance is the equalization procedure. Also, the 1‐Dimension (1‐D), and 2‐Dimension (2‐D) burst errors can be mitigated using a chaotic interleaver in the OFDM system. This consequently improves the BER performance. In this paper, we propose a Joint Low‐Complexity Regularized Linear Zero Forcing (JLCRLZF) equalizer for the OFDM system based on DCT in addition to a chaotic interleaving scheme. The proposed equalizer depends on the concept of the banded‐matrix approximation, and jointly performs the equalization and CFO compensation processes. Simulation results ensure the importance of the proposed JLCRLZF equalizer compared to other algorithms.
Highly reflective algae for enhancing climate change resilience in rice production
Authors: Zhang Shenglu , Yang Chao , Ni Xin , Xu Ligen , Cheng Fangmin , Pan Gang , Wang Fumin , Huang Jingfeng , Tian Hanqin , Zhou Qifa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need for enhancing climate change resilience in rice production. Here, we report a reflective algal mulching‐based culture practice to attain a simple and low‐cost biological method for enhancement of climate change resilience. The dense mulching of Rhizoclonium sp. in field water highly reflected sunlight in the visible and infrared regions, thus significantly decreasing the root zone temperature, and significantly and simultaneously mitigated CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions through gas retention and removal in the field water layer, as well as reducing gas production. The algae could also enhance rice growth and soil fertility.
Application of spatial multicriteria decision analysis in healthcare: Identifying drivers and triggers of infectious disease outbreaks using ensemble learning
Authors: Devarakonda Phani , Sadasivuni Ravi , Nobrega Rodrigo A. A. , Wu Jianhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractModelling infectious diseases is a complex and multi‐disciplinary problem that necessitates the combined use of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and machine learning (ML) in a spatial framework. This research attempts to demonstrate the extensive applications of MCDA in the field of public health and to illustrate its utility with the combined use of spatial models and machine learning. The study investigates the risk factors for communicable diseases with a focus on vector‐borne infectious diseases, such as West Nile Virus (WNV), malaria, dengue, etc. It aims to quantify vector‐borne disease risk by examining the geographic contextual effects of socio‐economic, climatic, and environmental factors using the objective‐weighting technique adopted from MCDA and machine learning in a geographic information systems (GIS) framework. The authors attempted to minimize subjective bias from the decision space by utilizing an objective‐weighted technique to quantify the risk. The study adopted Shannon's entropy to derive weights for each factor and its classes. The derived weighted layers are fed to an artificial neural network to obtain a final map of risk susceptibility. This final risk map allows policymakers to examine vulnerable areas and identify the factors pivotal to the contribution of risk. Findings show the traffic volume as the most influential variable, and terrain slope as the least one in the disease spread for the study area. The risk appears to be concentrated and distributed along vegetation, wetlands, and around water bodies. The results produced by ensemble learning show great promise with more than 94% accuracy. The accuracy of the results was determined by the confusion matrix and the kappa index of agreement (KIA). The vector control programmes need to adapt to better manage the dynamic changes in patterns involving vector‐borne infectious diseases.
Promoting Metamagnetic Transition by Interphase Magnetic Coupling
Authors: Chen Jia‐Hui , Zhang Yu‐Jun , Wang Yue , Lin Yuan‐Hua , Ma Jing , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMagnetic mixed‐phase materials with competing ground states are important from both scientific and technical points of view due to their magnetic phase transition and phase coexistence properties. Unlike artificially fabricated multi‐phase composites, it should be possible to modify their physical properties more efficiently by making use of the interphase coupling effects in mixed‐phase materials. In this study, the magneto‐transport properties are investigated to provide evidence of the existence of interphase coupling in a magnetic mixed‐phase system, specifically, Ni‐doped FeRh thin films. The rotation of the external magnetic field induces an emergent promotion effect of the antiferromagnetic (AFM)–ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition, which can be attributed to the modification of the magnetic free energy by interphase magnetic coupling across the AFM–FM phase boundary. The results shed light on the availability of an extra degree of freedom for manipulating the physical properties of material systems with mixed magnetic phases and help to further exploit their potential applications.
Climate Change and Variability on Food Security of Rural Household: Central Highlands, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Argaw , Alemayehu Arragaw 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the impact of climate change and variability on food security of rural households in the central highlands of Ethiopia taking Basona Werana district as a case study site. Data were obtained from 123 households selected using simple random sampling from three agro ecological zones. Key informant interviews and focus group discussion (FDG) were used to supplement the data obtained from household survey. The monthly rainfall and temperature data are for 56 points of 10 × 10 km grids reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite observations, which cover the period between 1983 and 2016. Standardized rainfall anomaly (SRA), linear regression (LR), and coefficient of variation (CV) are used to examine inter-annual and intra-annual variability of rainfall. Annual and seasonal rainfalls show decreasing trends over the period of observation. The decreasing trends in annual and March–May (Belg) rainfall totals exhibit statically significant decreasing trends at p = 0.05 level. Kiremt (June–September) shows statically significant decreasing trends at p = 0.1 level. Mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures show statically significant increasing trends at p = 0.05 level. More than 80% of households perceived that the climate is changing and their livelihoods (crop and livestock production) are impacted. The district belongs to one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change and variability in the country where large proportions of households (62%) are under different food insecurity classes. Results suggest that local level investigations are useful in developing context-specific climate change adaptation.
Digital Russia Studies: An Introduction
Authors: Gritsenko Daria , Kopotev Mikhail , Wijermars Mariëlle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe “digital” is profoundly changing Russia today. In this introduction, we argue that area studies, as a geographically and geopolitically motivated interdisciplinary research domain, is of particular value to and can provide a framework for describing the variety of responses to digitalization and explaining the mechanisms that assist or obstruct the “domestication” of global trends. Making a case for “Digital Russia Studies”, we sketch the contours of this emerging field. “Digital Russia” studies focuses on the digital transformation of the (geographical) area of study, while digital “Russia Studies” indicates the use of digital sources and methods in studying it. Together, Digital Russia Studies emphasizes how these two research lines are intertwined, interdependent, and mutually reinforcing. An overview of topics and methods covered by the chapters in the volume is provided.
Digitalization of Religion in Russia: Adjusting Preaching to New Formats, Channels and Platforms
Authors: Khroul Victor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExamining the “digital” as a challenge to one of the most traditional spheres of private and public life of Russians, the chapter is focused on institutional aspects of the religion digitalization in the theoretical frame of mediatization. Normatively, digitalization as such does not contradict the dogmatic teaching of any traditional for Russia religion, in Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Buddhism theologically it is being considered as a neutral process with good or bad consequences depending on human will. Therefore, functionally digital technologies are seen by religious institutions as a shaping force, one more facility (channel, tool, space, network) for effective preaching while the core of religious practices still remains based on non-mediated interpersonal communication.
Digitalization of Consumption in Russia: Online Platforms, Regulations and Consumer Behavior
Authors: Gurova Olga , Morozova Daria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter offers an overview of the main aspects of digital consumption in Russia with an emphasis on the late 2010s. It also sheds light on the tendencies that digitalization of the sphere of consumption has brought to Russian retail and consumers. In particular, we look at how digitalization has changed retail trade; what kind of digital retail platforms gained popularity in Russia; how Russian retailers utilize data related to consumption; how cross-border internet trade has been developing and how it has been regulated; and what the profile is of the typical online consumer. We also look at platforms and practices of online exchange and the sharing economy. The chapter is based on the analysis of scholarly literature on digital consumption, marketing research data and media publications to identify the current trends in consumption. It addresses the question of what challenges and opportunities the digitalization of consumption has brought about for Russia.
RuThes Thesaurus for Natural Language Processing
Authors: Loukachevitch Natalia , Dobrov Boris 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter describes the Russian RuThes thesaurus created as a linguistic and terminological resource for automatic document processing. Its structure utilizes two popular paradigms for computer thesauri: concept-based units, a small set of relation types, rules for including multiword expression as in information retrieval thesauri; and language-motivated units, detailed sets of synonyms, description of ambiguous words as in WordNet-like thesauri. The development of the RuThes thesaurus is supported for many years: new concepts, new senses, and multiword expressions found in contemporary texts are introduced regularly. The chapter shows some examples of representing newly appeared concepts related to important internal and international events.
Open Government Data in Russia
Authors: Parkhimovich Olga , Gritsenko Daria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides a brief overview of the history and current state of open government data in Russia. First, it discusses the concept of “open data” and defines the basic principles of open government data. It further describes the institutional, legal, and infrastructural frameworks for the development of open government data in Russia. The chapter discusses the main sources of open data, the availability of key datasets, and the current situation around future development of the open data agenda in Russia. Finally, it provides examples of projects and cases of interaction with government agencies based on open data.