bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earthen ridges in coastal sand dunes of the Caribbean coast, Venezuela: Anthropogenic or natural?
Authors: Bezada Maximiliano , Barros Haydn , Zavala Miguel , Pedraza Erika , Foghin Sergio , González Orlando , Godoy Darwin , Zambrano Eduardo , Herrera Roberto , Leal Alejandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEarthen ridges that occur in the active Los Médanos de Coro dune fields of the Venezuelan Caribbean coast have been attributed either to anthropogenic or natural origins. Anthropogenic explanations have focused on their location, geometry, structure, and compaction, in the context of archaeological sites and artifacts throughout the dunes, to suggest an origin as causeways built by the extinct Caquetío people and/or their pre‐Hispanic ancestors. To assess this topic, geomorphic, physicochemical, and elemental analyses were carried out on the ridges and interdunal beaches and playas. The configuration, elevation, and composition of the ridges, along with three bulk sediment 14C dates that range 1900–3000 year BP, are here found to be most compatible with a natural origin as exhumed paleochannels. Past human occupants may, however, have used the features as causeways.
Relating land surface, water table, and weathering fronts with a conceptual valve model for headwater catchments
Authors: Brantley Susan L. , Lebedeva Marina I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKnowing little about how porosity and permeability are distributed at depth, we commonly develop models of groundwater by treating the subsurface as a homogeneous black box even though porosity and permeability vary with depth. One reason for this depth variation is that infiltrating meteoric water reacts with minerals to affect porosity in localized zones called reaction fronts. We are beginning to learn to map and model these fronts beneath headwater catchments and show how they are distributed. The subsurface landscapes defined by these fronts lie subparallel to the soil‐air interface but with lower relief. They can be situated above, below, or at the water table. These subsurface landscapes of reaction are important because porosity developed from weathering can control subsurface water storage. In addition, porosity often changes at the weathering fronts, and when this affects permeability significantly, the front can act like a valve that re‐orients water flowing through the subsurface. We explore controls on the positions of reaction fronts under headwater landscapes by accounting for the timescales of erosion, chemical equilibration, and solute transport. One strong control on the landscape of subsurface reaction is the land surface geometry, which is in turn a function of the erosion rate. In addition, the reaction fronts, like the water table, are strongly affected by the lithology and water infiltration rate. We hypothesize that relationships among the land surface, reaction fronts, and the water table are controlled by feedbacks that can push landscapes towards an ‘ideal hill’. In this steady state, reaction‐front valves partition water volumes into shallow and deep flowpaths. These flows dissolve low‐ and high‐solubility minerals, respectively, allowing their reaction fronts to advance at the erosion rate. This conceptualization could inform better models of subsurface porosity and permeability, replacing the black box.
The mitochondria‐targeted hydrogen sulfide donor AP39 improves health and mitochondrial function in a C. elegans primary mitochondrial disease model
Authors: Fox Bridget C. , Slade Luke , Torregrossa Roberta , Pacitti Dario , Szabo Csaba , Etheridge Timothy , Whiteman Matthew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrimary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) are inherited diseases that cause dysfunctional mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to diverse multisystem diseases and substantially impaired quality of life. PMD treatment currently comprises symptom management, with an unmet need for therapies targeting the causative mitochondrial defects. Molecules which selective target mitochondria have been proposed as potential treatment options in PMD but have met with limited success. We have previously shown in animal models that mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the disease process could be prevented and/or reversed by selective targeting of the “gasotransmitter” hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to mitochondria using a novel compound, AP39. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether AP39 could also restore mitochondrial function in PMD models where mitochondrial dysfunction was the cause of the disease pathology using C. elegans. We characterised several PMD mutant C. elegans strains for reduced survival, movement and impaired cellular bioenergetics and treated each with AP39. In animals with widespread electron transport chain deficiency (gfm‐1[ok3372]), AP39 (100 nM) restored ATP levels, but had no effect on survival or movement. However, in a complex I mutant (nuo‐4[ok2533]), a Leigh syndrome orthologue, AP39 significantly reversed the decline in ATP levels, preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and increased movement and survival. For the first time, this study provides proof‐of‐principle evidence suggesting that selective targeting of mitochondria with H2S could represent a novel drug discovery approach to delay, prevent and possibly reverse mitochondrial decline in PMD and related disorders.
Quantification of tea‐derived catechins without the requirement for respective calibration curves by single reference liquid chromatography based on relative molar sensitivity
Authors: Takahashi Miki , Nishizaki Yuzo , Masumoto Naoko , Sugimoto Naoki , Sato Kyoko , Inoue Koichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany studies report the monitoring of catechins in tea samples by chromatographic techniques. Unfortunately, only a small number of screening assays for catechins exist as a result of the complexity of authentic standards for the respective calibration curves. In the present study, a single reference (SR) exhaustive assay for the simultaneous quantification of tea‐derived catechins by liquid chromatography (LC) with photodiode array and fluorescence detectors based on relative molar sensitivity (RMS) was developed as a screening assay of common tea samples without respective calibration curves using authentic standards.RESULTSThree original SR standards were proposed based on flavonoid structures, evaluated by quantitative 1H‐NMR based on an indirect standard (1,4‐bis(trimethylsilyl) benzene‐d4) and successfully separated in a LC chromatogram. In tea samples with these added SR calculated based on RMS, the concentrations of eight tea‐derived catechins could be measured with a relative SD of < 8.5% by a single LC run.CONCLUSIONThis LC screening assay based on RMS allows reliable quantification without the requirement for respective calibration curves using authentic standards. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A Simple Photochemical Route to Hyperbranched Polymers by Using Photolatent Inimer
Authors: Bener Semira , Aydogan Cansu , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA novel and straightforward approach for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) by photoinduced self‐condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP) is explored. The SCVP is achieved using a divinyl monomer possessing photocleavable moiety in the inner structure, acting as both photoinitiator and inimer (photolatent inimer) in conjunction with methyl methacrylate (MMA) under UV irradiation. HBPs with different branching densities are successfully produced. Depending on the concentration of inimer and irradiation time, lightly branched, hyperbranched and cross‐linked polymers are formed. The described approach may lead to future directions of photopolymerization in various applications especially in bio related systems requiring highly branched structures without contamination of low‐molar mass photoinitiator fragments.
Free superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator fascial flap for reconstruction of upper abdominal wall with extensive infected herniation: A case report
Authors: Sumiya Ryusuke , Tsukuura Reiko , Mihara Fuminori , Yamamoto Takumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractComplex abdominal wall reconstruction is challenging, and vascularized fascia is preferred for active infection cases. Pedicled tensor fascia lata flap is commonly used for lower abdominal wall reconstruction, and free vascularized fascial flap based on the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) is used for upper abdominal wall reconstruction. However, LCFA‐based flap transfer requires invasive and time‐consuming muscle dissection and a large recipient vessel. The purpose of this report was to present a new application of superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) perforator (SCIP)‐based fascial flap for upper abdominal wall reconstruction. A 70‐year‐old male suffered from a long‐lasting extensive abdominal wall herniation complicated with mesh infection and cutaneous fistulae following multiple herniation repair with synthetic mesh. After complete debridement of infected tissues, there was a 29 x 26 cm full‐thickness abdominal wall defect. Components separation was performed to minimize the defect size, after which 12 x 7 cm defect remained in the upper abdominal wall. A 20 x 10 cm SCIP deep fascial flap was elevated based on the deep branch of the SCIA. The SCIP flap was transferred to the defect to reconstruct the upper abdominal wall. The SCIP was anastomosed to the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator with supermicrosurgical perforator‐to‐perforator anastomosis. Postoperative course was uneventful with good functional and esthetic results of the donor and recipient sites 11 months after the surgery. Although further studies are required, SCIP fascial flap may be an option for upper abdominal wall reconstruction.
Alcohol drinking inhibits NOTCH–PAX9 signaling in esophageal squamous epithelial cells
Authors: Shi Menghan , Ren Shuang , Chen Hao , Li Jing , Huang Caizhi , Li Yahui , Han Yuning , Li Yong , Sun Zheng , Chen Xiaoxin , Xiong Zhaohui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlcohol drinking has been established as a major risk factor for esophageal diseases. Our previous study showed that ethanol exposure inhibited PAX9 expression in human esophageal squamous epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular pathways through which alcohol drinking suppresses PAX9 in esophageal squamous epithelial cells. We first demonstrated the inhibition of NOTCH by ethanol exposure in vitro. NOTCH regulated PAX9 expression in KYSE510 and KYSE410 cells in vitro and in vivo. RBPJ and NOTCH intracellular domain (NIC) D1 ChIP‐PCR confirmed Pax9 as a direct downstream target of NOTCH signaling in mouse esophagus. NOTCH inhibition by alcohol drinking was further validated in mouse esophagus and human tissue samples. In conclusion, ethanol exposure inhibited NOTCH signaling and thus suppressed PAX9 expression in esophageal squamous epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data support a novel mechanism of alcohol‐induced esophageal injury through the inhibition of NOTCH–PAX9 signaling. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Registration of ‘KS Dallas’ hard red winter wheat
Authors: Zhang Guorong , Martin Terry J. , Fritz Allan K. , Li Yonghui , Bai Guihua , Bowden Robert L. , Chen Ming‐Shun , Jin Yue , Chen Xianming , Kolmer James A. , Seabourn Bradford W. , Chen Richard Y. , Marshall David S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract‘KS Dallas’ (Reg. no. CV‐1173, PI 693934) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the wheat breeding program at the Agricultural Research Center–Hays, Kansas State University, and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019. KS Dallas was selected from a three‐way cross KS08HW112‐6//TX03A0148/Danby TR made in 2009 at Hays, KS. The objective of this cross was to develop a hard winter wheat cultivar with adaptation to dryland production in western Kansas. KS Dallas was developed using a modified bulk breeding method. KS Dallas is an F6‐derived line and was tested in yield trials across Kansas for 4 yr. KS Dallas has medium maturity, medium height, and a medium‐long coleoptile. It has high grain yield potential in western Kansas and good resistance to the prevalent diseases including Wheat streak mosaic virus and leaf rust. It also has good bread‐making quality.
No positive cross‐resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins favors pyramiding strategy for management of Vip3Aa resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Gilreath Ryan T , Kerns David L , Huang Fangneng , Yang Fei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPyramided Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops could delay insect resistance development by expressing multiple distinct Bt proteins to manage the same insect pest. The efficacy of pyramiding strategy for resistance management could be jeopardized by positive cross‐resistance, which is defined as insects showing resistance to one Bt protein also exhibiting resistance to other Bt proteins. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive agricultural pest and target of Vip3Aa. In this study, we evaluate the cross‐resistance of Vip3Aa resistance in S. frugiperda to Bt cotton and corn plants, as well as purified Bt proteins.RESULTSDiet bioassay showed that Vip3Aa‐resistant (RR), ‐heterozygous (RS), and ‐susceptible (SS) insects of S. frugiperda performed similarly against Cry2Ab2 purified protein. The data also indicated that genotypes RR and RS were more susceptible to Cry1F and Cry2Ae purified proteins relative to SS. The diet bioassays suggested that resistance to Vip3Aa does not confer any positive cross‐resistance to Cry1F, Cry2Ae or Cry2Ab2 in S. frugiperda. The plant bioassay indicated that the S. frugiperda resistance to Vip3Aa conferred no cross‐resistance to corn and no cross‐crop resistance to cotton plants expressing Cry1 and/or Cry2 proteins.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that a lack of positive cross‐resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins favors pyramiding strategy for managing S. frugiperda resistance to Vip3Aa protein. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Phase I clinical trial of intra-bone marrow cotransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in cord blood transplantation
Authors: Goto Tatsunori , Murata Makoto , Nishida Tetsuya , Terakura Seitaro , Kamoshita Sonoko , Ishikawa Yuichi , Ushijima Yoko , Adachi Yoshiya , Suzuki Satoshi , Kato Katsuyoshi , Hirakawa Akihiro , Nishiwaki Satoshi , Nishio Nobuhiro , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kodera Yoshihisa , Matsushita Tadashi , Kiyoi Hitoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties and support hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM). To develop a new strategy to not only prevent graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) but also to enhance engraftment, a phase I trial of cord blood transplantation (CBT) combined with intra-BM injection of MSCs (MSC-CBT) was designed. Third-party BM-derived MSCs were injected intra-BM on the day of CBT. The conditioning regimen varied according to patient characteristics. GVHD prophylaxis was tacrolimus and methotrexate. The primary endpoint was toxicity related to intra-BM injection of MSCs. Clinical outcomes were compared with those of six controls who received CBT alone. Five adult patients received MSC-CBT, and no adverse events related to intra-BM injection of MSCs were observed. All patients achieved neutrophil, reticulocyte, and platelet recoveries, with median times to recoveries of 21, 35, and 38 days, respectively, comparable with controls. Grade II-IV acute GVHD developed in three controls but not in MSC-CBT patients. No patients developed chronic GVHD in both groups. At 1 year after transplantation, all MSC-CBT patients survived without relapse. This study shows the safety of MSC-CBT, and the findings also suggest that cotransplantation of MSCs may prevent GVHD with no inhibition of engraftment. This trial was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry as number 000024291.
Visible‐Light‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities for Degradation of Organics by Chromium Acetylacetone Supported on UiO‐66‐NH2
Authors: Xu PanPan , Zhang Liuxue , Jia Xu , Wang Xiulian , Cao Yijie , Zhang Yu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe constructing of efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. In this paper, Cr /UiO‐66‐NH2 was synthesized by the chromium acetylacetone grafted on UiO‐66‐NH2 directly and UiO‐66‐NH2‐SA‐Cr (anchored on the Schiff base UiO‐66‐NH2‐SA with chemical bonds) was prepared by post‐synthesis method, which both provided such support in degrading tetracycline (TC) and xylenol orange (XO) under visible light. Compared with UiO‐66‐NH2 and Cr /UiO‐66‐NH2, the photocatalytic experiments indicated that UiO‐66‐NH2‐SA‐Cr possessed significant enhanced photocatalytic activity, with 76.5 % of tetracycline (TC) and 71.5 % of xylenol orange (XO) being removed under the optimization of experimental conditions. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of UiO‐66‐NH2‐SA‐Cr could be attributed to the obvious decrease in the band gap, which could enhance the capacity of visible‐light absorption, and the presence of catalytic sites on the Chromium Schiff base complex was also a key factor for the photocatalytic performance, which could achieve high‐efficiency catalytic activity. Furthermore, these materials also exhibited a good recyclability with almost unchanged degradation efficiency after five recycling tests. Above these indicated that these materials mentioned had great potential in the field of wastewater treatment and antibiotic contaminant.
Facile Ultrasound‐Based Synthesis, SC‐XRD, DFT Exploration of the Substituted Acyl‐Hydrazones: An Experimental and Theoretical Slant towards Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Ali Akbar , Abid Saba , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Khan Muhammad Usman , Ashfaq Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Ahmad Anees 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSono‐chemical synthesis is safest and greener methods to fabricate valuable scaffolds in short time. Currently, we are reporting an efficient ultrasound‐based synthesis of substituted acyl‐hydrazones, single crystal analysis and DFT exploration. The substituted acyl‐hydrazones synthesis i.e 2‐((6‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)oxy)‐N′‐((1E,2E)‐3‐phenylallylidene)acetohydrazide acetonitrile (1 : 1) (CPPAH)and (E)‐2‐((6‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)oxy)‐N′‐(4‐methylbenzylidene)acetohydrazide (MBPAH) was accomplished utilizing sono‐chemical approach.The structures of these molecules were characterized with NMR and SC‐XRD analysis. The experimental and theoretical analysis employed to determine non‐covalent, hyper‐conjugative interactions and favorable sites for reactivity. Time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) approach was utilized to acquire insights about FMO analysis. The global reactivity parameters established with aid of HOMO and LUMO energies. QT‐AIM and Hirshfeld analyses were computed to quantify non‐covalent interactions for both crystals. Theoretically observed structural chemistry of both crystals led to a fabulous overall agreement with obtained SC‐XRD patterns. The molecular stability and bond strengths of the aforesaid molecules were imparted owing to hyper‐conjugative interactions as well as charge delocalization process. Moreover, NBO based findings were rationalized to Hirshfeld analysis and SC‐XRD data.
Combined Application of Nanotechnology and Multiple Therapies with Tumor Immune Checkpoints
Authors: Yu Zhenghao , Sun Yuan , Sun Tiedong , Wang Ting 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTumor immunotherapy has received worldwide attention in cancer treatment owing to its apparent advantages, such as strong specificity and long curative effect. Among them, significant progress has been made on the immune checkpoint therapy in recent years. FDA approved PD‐L1/PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 immune checkpoint inhibitors have been broadly used in a variety of malignant tumors. However, because of the low response rate of immune checkpoint drugs, its clinical application has been greatly hindered. With the prominence of nanotechnology in bio‐medicine, the application of nanotechnology in immune checkpoints has also gained more and more attention. The combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, phototherapy, magnetic therapy and other methods in nanotechnology makes an excellent promoting effect in the treatment of immune checkpoint drugs. This article reviews the recent breakthroughs of nanotechnology in immune checkpoint blocking therapy, mainly focusing on the significant advantages of the combination of nanotechnology‐based immune checkpoint blocking therapy with other treatment methods. In addition, we also discussed the challenges in this area and pointed out some potential directions for future development.
Optimization of Catalytic Distillation for the Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Feng Yuchen , Guo Bao , Tang Shixiong , Liu Yida , Liu Jidong , Lv Jianhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDimethyl carbonate (DMC) was synthesized from methanol and ethylene carbonate (EC) in a reactive distillation column by transesterification using different composite oxide catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption‐ desorption, CO2‐TPD, and NH3‐TPD. The results show that the Zr−Al catalyst has the most strong base sites and weak acid sites compared with other catalysts. The synergistic effect of acid‐base sites makes it show excellent catalytic performance for DMC synthesis. The operation parameters including reflux ratio, feed molar ratio, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) and catalyst dosage were optimized by factorial design based on response surface methodology (RSM). The best optimization conditions was: reflux ratio=5.23 : 1, feed molar ratio=6.05 : 1, LHSV=0.48 h−1, catalyst dosage=119.04 ml, the relative error between measured value and predicted value is small, which indicated that the reliability of the optimized process is high.
Phase Segregated Pt–SnO2/C Nanohybrids for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Guan Jingyu , Zan Yongxi , Shao Rong , Niu Jin , Dou Meiling , Zhu Baoning , Zhang Zhengping , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStrengthening the interfacial interaction in heterogeneous catalysts can lead to a dramatic improvement in their performance and allow the use of smaller amounts of active noble metal, thus decreasing the cost without compromising their activity. In this work, a facile phase‐segregation method is demonstrated for synthesizing platinum–tin oxide hybrids supported on carbon black (PtSnO2/C) in situ by air annealing PtSn alloy nanoparticles on carbon black. Compared with a control sample formed by preloading SnO2 on carbon support followed by deposition of Pt nanoparticles, the phase‐segregation‐derived PtSnO2/C exhibits a more strongly coupled PtSnO2 interface with lattice overlap of Pt (111) and SnO2 (200), along with enhanced electron transfer from SnO2 to Pt. Furthermore, the PtSnO2 active sites show a strong ability to degrade reactive oxygen species. As a result, the PtSnO2/C nanohybrids exhibit both excellent activity and stability as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction, with an overall performance which is superior to both the control sample and commercial Pt/C catalyst. This phase‐segregation method can be expected to be applicable in the preparation of other strongly coupled nanohybrids and offers a new route to high‐performance heterogeneous catalysts for low‐cost energy conversion devices.