bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homeostatic versus hedonic control of carbohydrate selection
Authors: Minokoshi Yasuhiko , Nakajima Ken‐ichiro , Okamoto Shiki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMacronutrient intake is associated with cardiometabolic health, ageing and longevity, but the mechanisms underlying its regulation have remained unclear. Most rodents increase carbohydrate selection under certain physiological and pathological conditions such as fasting. When presented with a choice between a basally preferable high‐fat diet (HFD) and a high‐carbohydrate diet (HCD) such as a high‐sucrose diet, fasted mice first eat the HFD and then switch to the HCD during the first few hours of refeeding and continue to eat the HCD up to 24 h in the two‐diet choice approach. Such consumption of an HCD after fasting reverses the fasting‐induced increase in the plasma concentration of ketone bodies more rapidly than does refeeding with an HFD alone. 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐regulated neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) that express corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) are necessary and sufficient for the fasting‐induced selection of carbohydrate over an HFD in mice. These neurons appear to contribute to a fasting‐induced increase in the positive valence of carbohydrate without affecting the preference for more palatable and energy‐dense diets such as an HFD. Identification of the neural circuits in which AMPK‐regulated CRH neurons in the PVH of mice are embedded should shed new light on the physiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for macronutrient selection.
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Interventions with Music in PECTus excavatum treatment (IMPECT trial): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the clinical effects of perioperative music interventions
Authors: Billar Ryan J , Kühlmann A Y Rosalie , Schnater J Marco , Vlot John , Tomas Jeremy J P , Zijp Gerda W , Rad Mandana , de Beer Sjoerd A , Stevens Markus F , Poley Marten J , van Rosmalen Joost , Jeekel Johannes F , Wijnen Rene M H 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionPectus excavatum repair is associated with substantial postoperative pain, despite the use of epidural analgesia and other analgesic regimens. Perioperative recorded music interventions have been shown to alleviate pain and anxiety in adults, but evidence for children and adolescents is still lacking. This study protocol describes a randomised controlled trial that evaluates the effects of recorded music interventions on postoperative pain relief in children and adolescents after pectus excavatum repair.MethodsA multicentre randomised controlled trial was set up comparing the effects of perioperative recorded music interventions in addition to standard care with those of standard care only in patients undergoing a Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum repair. One hundred and seventy subjects (12–18 years of age) will be included in three centres in the Netherlands. Patient inclusion has started in November 2018, and is ongoing. The primary outcome is self-reported perceived pain measured on the visual analogue scale. Secondary outcomes are anxiety level, analgesics consumption, vital parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, quality of life and cost-effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationThis study is being conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Medical Ethics Review Board of Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands, has approved this protocol. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed scientific journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNL6863
Exercise versus fixed-dose combination therapy for cardiovascular risk factors control and atherosclerotic disease prevention: a network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Pozuelo-Carrascosa Diana P , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Fernández Rodríguez Ruben , Pascual Morena Carlos , Sequí-Domínguez Irene , Martinez-Vizcaino Vicente 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionDespite the consistent evidence of the benefits of physical activity on preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) and some cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia, the prescription of drugs remains the most widely used approach to prevent ASCVD in clinical settings. The purpose of this study protocol is to provide a meta-synthesis methodology for comparing the effect of fixed-dose combination therapy and physical exercise on controlling cardiovascular risk factors and preventing ASCVD.Methods and analysisThis protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols and the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. We plan to conduct a computerised search in Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and SPORTDiscus from inception to May 2020 for studies testing the effectiveness of physical exercise or fixed-dose combination drug therapy in preventing ASCVD, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and controlling some cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and dyslipidaemia). Since performing network meta-analyses (NMA) is a statistical approach that allows direct and indirect comparisons of interventions, where sufficient studies are included, we plan to perform the following NMA comparing the effect of fixed-dose combination therapy and physical exercise interventions on (1) improving lipid profile, (2) reducing blood pressure, (3) preventing cardiovascular events and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and (4) improving compliance with the therapeutic strategy and reducing adverse events.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be needed because data included in the NMA will be extracted from published trials that meet accepted ethical standards. The results will be published in academic peer-reviewed journals, and the evidence gathered by this project could be included in the preventive cardiovascular disease guidelines.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019122794.
Improving Primary Care After Stroke (IPCAS) randomised controlled trial: protocol for a multidimensional process evaluation
Authors: Aquino Maria Raisa Jessica (Ryc) , Mullis Ricky , Kreit Elizabeth , Johnson Vicki , Grant Julie , Lim Lisa , Sutton Stephen , Mant Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionPrimary care interventions are often multicomponent, with several targets (eg, patients and healthcare professionals). Improving Primary Care After Stroke (IPCAS) is a novel primary care-based model of long-term stroke care involving a review of stroke-related needs, a self-management programme, a direct point of contact in general practice, enhanced communication between care services, and a directory of national and local community services, currently being evaluated in a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT). Informed by Medical Research Council guidance for complex interventions and the Behaviour Change Consortium fidelity framework, this protocol outlines the process evaluation of IPCAS within this RCT. The process evaluation aimed to explore how the intervention was delivered in context and how participants engaged with the intervention.Methods and analysisMixed methods will be used: (1) design: intervention content will be compared with ‘usual care’; (2) training: intervention training sessions will be audio/video-recorded where feasible; (3) delivery: healthcare professional self-reports, audio recordings of intervention delivery and observations of My Life After Stroke course (10% of reviews and sessions) will be coded separately; semistructured interviews will be conducted with a purposive sample of healthcare professionals; (4) receipt and (5) enactment: where available, structured stroke review records will be analysed quantitatively; semistructured interviews will be conducted with a purposive sample of study participants. Self-reports, observations and audio/video recordings will be coded and scored using specifically developed checklists. Semistructured interviews will be analysed thematically. Data will be analysed iteratively, independent of primary endpoint analysis.Ethics and disseminationFavourable ethical opinion was gained from Yorkshire & The Humber-Bradford Leeds NHS Research Ethics Committee (19 December 2017, 17/YH/0441). Study results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03353519; Pre-results.
Modelling patient flows and resource use within a sexual health clinic through discrete event simulation to inform service redesign
Authors: Mohiuddin Syed , Gardiner Rebecca , Crofts Megan , Muir Peter , Steer Jonathan , Turner Jonathan , Wheeler Helen , Hollingworth William , Horner Paddy J 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesContinuous improvement in the delivery of health services is increasingly being demanded in the UK at a time when budgets are being cut. Simulation is one approach used for understanding and assessing the likely impact of changes to the delivery of health services. However, little is known about the usefulness of simulation for analysing the delivery of sexual health services (SHSs). We propose a simulation method to model and evaluate patient flows and resource use within an SHS to inform service redesign.MethodsWe developed a discrete event simulation (DES) model to identify the bottlenecks within the Unity SHS (Bristol, UK) and find possible routes for service improvement. Using the example of the introduction of an online service for sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV self-sampling for asymptomatic patients, the impact on patient waiting times was examined as the main outcome measure. The model included data such as patient arrival time, staff availability and duration of consultation, examination and treatment. We performed several sensitivity analyses to assess uncertainty in the model parameters.ResultsWe identified some bottlenecks under the current system, particularly in the consultation and treatment queues for male and female walk-in patients. Introducing the provision of STI and HIV self-sampling alongside existing services decreased the average waiting time (88 vs 128 min) for all patients and reduced the cost of staff time for managing each patient (£72.64 vs £88.74) compared with the current system without online-based self-sampling.ConclusionsThe provision of online-based STI and HIV self-sampling for asymptomatic patients could be beneficial in reducing patient waiting times and the model highlights the complexities of using this to cut costs. Attributing recognition for any improvement requires care, but DES modelling can provide valuable insights into the design of SHSs ensuing in quantifiable improvements. Extension of this method with the collection of additional data and the construction of more informed models seems worthwhile.
FitSkills: protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial of a community-based exercise programme to increase participation among young people with disability
Authors: Shields Nora , Willis Claire , Imms Christine , Prendergast Luke A , Watts Jennifer J , van Dorsselaer Ben , McKenzie Georgia , Bruder Andrea M , Taylor Nicholas F 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThere is a need to develop relevant, acceptable initiatives that facilitate physical activity participation in young people with disability. FitSkills was developed to support young people with disability to exercise. The primary aims are to investigate if FitSkills can be scaled up from a small, university-led programme to run as a larger community-university partnership programme, and to determine its effectiveness in improving physical activity participation and health-related quality of life for young people with disability. The secondary aims are to evaluate cost-effectiveness, changes in attitudes towards disability and other health-related outcomes for young people with disability.Methods and analysisA stepped wedge cluster randomised trial using a cohort design and embedded health economic evaluation will compare the effect of FitSkills with a control phase. FitSkills matches a young person with disability with a student mentor and the pair exercise together at their local gymnasium for 1 hour, two times per week for 12 weeks (24 sessions in total). One hundred and sixty young people with disability aged 13 to 30 years will be recruited. Eight community gymnasia will be recruited and randomised into four cluster units to have FitSkills introduced at 3-month intervals. Primary (feasibility, participation and health-related quality of life) and secondary outcomes will be collected longitudinally every 3 months from trial commencement, with eight data collection time points in total. The Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model will be used to support knowledge translation and implementation of project findings into policy and practice.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the La Trobe University Human Ethics Committee (HEC17-012), Australian Catholic University (2017–63R), Deakin University (2017–206) and the Victorian Department of Education and Training (2018_003616). Results will be disseminated through published manuscripts, conference presentations, public seminars and practical resources for stakeholder groups.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000766314.Trial sponsorLa Trobe University.
Are we advancing universal health coverage through cataract services? Protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Lee Chan Ning , Ramke Jacqueline , McCormick Ian , Zhang Justine H , Aghaji Ada , Mwangi Nyawira , Burn Helen , Gordon Iris , Yusufu Mayinuer , He Mingguang , Silva Juan Carlos , Burton Matthew J 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionUniversal health coverage (UHC) includes the dimensions of equity in access, quality services that improve health and protection against financial hardship. Cataract continues to be the leading cause of blindness globally, despite cataract surgery being an efficacious intervention. The aim of this scoping review is to map the nature, extent and global distribution of data on cataract services for UHC in terms of equity, access, quality and financial protection.Methods and analysisThe search will be constructed by an Information Specialist and undertaken in MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health databases. We will include all published non-interventional primary research studies and systematic reviews that report a quantitative assessment of access, equity, quality or financial protection of cataract surgical services for adults at the subnational, national, regional or global level from population-based surveys or routinely collected health service data since 1 January 2000 and published through to February 2020.Screening and data charting will be undertaken using Covidence systematic review software. Titles and abstracts of identified studies will be screened by two authors independently. Full-text articles of potentially relevant studies will be obtained and reviewed independently by two authors against the inclusion criteria. Any discrepancies between the authors will be resolved by discussion, and with a third author as necessary. A data charting form will be developed and piloted on three studies by three authors and amendments made as necessary. Data will be extracted by two reviewers independently and summarised narratively and using maps.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not sought as the scoping review will only use published and publicly accessible data. The review will be published in an open access peer-reviewed journal. A summary of the results will be developed for website posting, stakeholder meetings and inclusion in the ongoing Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health.
Chinese perspective on end-of-life communication: a systematic review
Authors: Pun Jack K H , Cheung Ka Man , Chow James C H , Chan Wing Lok 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPalliative care providers serving Chinese patients lack a culture-specific model of communication, a strong evidence base for this and clear guidance on its application. Thus, providers find it challenging to address patients’ dignity, and determine their priorities and preferences for treatments and care, at the patients’ final stage of life.AimThis study explores the culture-specific influences and current understanding of end-of-life (EOL) communication in the Chinese context.MethodsA qualitative systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PsycINFO, PubMed and ERIC databases were searched for studies between January 1994 and July 2019, using keywords ‘end of life’, ‘terminal care’, ‘communication’ and ‘Chinese’. Included studies were appraised with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme criteria.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 982 entries and 13 studies were included. Six themes were identified in EOL communication in the Chinese context: (1) Chinese philosophies on the meaning of ‘good death’. (2) Negative attitudes towards communication on dying. (3) EOL communication as a taboo topic. (4) Clinician-centred approaches to treatment-decision making. (5) Family expectations being prioritised over patient self-autonomy in prognosis disclosure. (6) Care-providers expressing puzzlement over cultural preferences regarding EOL communication.ConclusionsThe review detailed the complexity of EOL communication in the Chinese context, urging for a communication model distinct from Western-based practices. Future research could explore a validated communication framework that addresses the local culture, thus enabling an understanding of patients’ priorities and interpreting EOL encounters from a cross-cultural perspective.
Clocking effect in a centrifugal pump with a vaned diffuser
Authors: Lai Fen , Zhu Xiangyuan , Duan Yongqiang , Li Guojun 
Published: July 2020

The performance and service life of centrifugal pumps can be influenced by the clocking effect. In this study, 3D numerical calculations based on the k-omega shear stress transport model are conducted to investigate the clocking effect in a centrifugal pump. Time-averaged behavior and transient behavior are analyzed. Results show that the optimum diffuser installation angle in the centrifugal pump is [Formula: see text] due to the minimum total pressure loss and radial force acting on the impeller. Total pressure loss, particularly in the volute, is considerably influenced by the clocking effect. The difference in total pressure loss in the volute at different clocking positions is 2.75 m under the design flow rate. The large total pressure loss in the volute is primarily caused by the large total pressure gradient within the vicinity of the volute tongue. The radial force acting on the impeller is also considerably affected by the clocking effect. When the diffuser installation angle is [Formula: see text], flow rate fluctuations in the volute and impeller passage are minimal, and flow rate distribution in the diffuser passage is more uniform than those in other diffuser installation angles. Moreover, static pressure fluctuations in the impeller midsection and the diffuser inlet section are at the minimum value. These phenomena explain the minimum radial force acting on the impeller. The findings of this study can provide a useful reference for the design of centrifugal pumps.
Neoepitopes as Difference Makers for General Cancer Vaccines?
Authors: Filderman Jessica N. , Storkus Walter J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cancer mutanome has been associated with disease prognosis as well as response to interventional immunotherapy and provides a substrate for development of personalized vaccines targeting tumor neoepitopes. Recent findings suggest that neoantigen-based vaccines may represent general interventional approaches for patients with solid cancers, regardless of their inherent mutational burden.See related article by Fang et al., p. 4511
The ERG-Regulated LINC00920 Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Survival via the 14-3-3ϵ–FOXO Pathway
Authors: Angeles Arlou Kristina , Heckmann Doreen , Flosdorf Niclas , Duensing Stefan , Sültmann Holger 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Numerous noncoding transcripts have been reported to correlate with cancer development and progression. Nevertheless, there remains a paucity of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) with well-elucidated functional roles. Here, we leverage the International Cancer Genome Consortium-Early Onset Prostate Cancer transcriptome and identify the previously uncharacterized lncRNA LINC00920 to be upregulated in prostate tumors. Phenotypic characterization of LINC00920 revealed its positive impact on cellular proliferation, colony formation, and migration. We demonstrate that LINC00920 transcription is directly activated by ERG, an oncogenic transcription factor overexpressed in 50% of prostate cancers. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification-mass spectrometry revealed the interaction of LINC00920 with the 14-3-3ϵ protein, leading to enhanced sequestration of tumor suppressive FOXO1. Altogether, our results provide a rationale on how ERG overexpression, partly by driving LINC00920 transcription, could confer survival advantage to prostate cancer cells and potentially prime PTEN-intact prostate cells for cellular transformation through FOXO inactivation.

Implications:
The study describes a novel lncRNA-mediated mechanism of regulating the FOXO signaling pathway and provides additional insight into the role of ERG in prostate cancer cells.
Two Amino Acids Proximate to the Renin Cleavage Site of Human Angiotensinogen Do Not Affect Blood Pressure and Atherosclerosis in Mice—Brief Report
Authors: Wu Chia-Hua , Wu Congqing , Howatt Deborah A. , Moorleghen Jessica J. , Cassis Lisa A. , Daugherty Alan , Lu Hong S. 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Renin cleavage of angiotensinogen has species specificity. As the residues at positions 11 and 12 are different between human angiotensinogen and mouse angiotensinogen, we determined whether these 2 residues in angiotensinogen affect renin cleavage and angiotensin II-mediated blood pressure regulation and atherosclerosis using an adenoassociated viral approach for manipulating angiotensinogen in vivo.

Approach and Results:

Hepatocyte-specific angiotensinogen deficient (hepAGT
−/−
) mice in an LDL receptor–deficient background were infected with adenoassociated virals containing a null insert, human angiotensinogen, or mouse angiotensinogen expressing the same residues of the human protein at positions 11 and 12 (mouse angiotensinogen [L11V;Y12I]). Expression of human angiotensinogen in hepAGT
−/−
mice led to high plasma human angiotensinogen concentrations without changes in plasma endogenous mouse angiotensinogen, plasma renin concentrations, blood pressure, or atherosclerosis. This is consistent with human angiotensinogen not being cleaved by mouse renin. To determine whether the residues at positions 11 and 12 in human angiotensinogen lead to the inability of mouse renin to cleave human angiotensinogen, hepAGT
−/−
mice were injected with adenoassociated viral vector encoding mouse angiotensinogen (L11V;Y12I). Expression of mouse angiotensinogen (L11V;Y12I) in hepAGT
−/−
mice resulted in increased plasma mouse angiotensinogen concentrations, reduced renin concentrations, and increased renal AngII concentrations that were comparable to their concentrations in hepAGT
+/+
mice. This mouse angiotensinogen variant increased blood pressure and atherosclerosis in hepAGT
−/−
mice to the magnitude of hepAGT
+/+
mice.

Conclusions:
Replacement of L11 and Y12 to V11 and I12, respectively, in mouse angiotensinogen does not affect renin cleavage, blood pressure, and atherosclerosis in LDL receptor–deficient mice.