bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Nata Quality From Cassava Peels (Manihot esculenta), Ladyfinger Bananas Peels (Musa acuminata Colla), and Durian Peels (Durio zibethinus)
Authors: Masri Mashuri , Irhamniah Irhamniah , A Latif Ulfa Triyani , Rusny Rusny 
Published: July 2020

Abstract : Agricultural waste is composed of carbohydrates which can be be used as a growth medium for bacteria Acetobacter xylinum to produce fermented products in the form of nata. Producing nata from fruit waste such as Cassava peels (Manihot esculenta), Ladyfinger bananas peels (Musa acuminata Colla) and Durian peels (Durio zibethinus) is one of the efforts to reduce environmental pollution. This study aims to compare the quality of nata from Cassava peels (endodermis), Ladyfinger bananas peels (endodermis) and durian peels (endodermis) based on the gel thickness, nata yield and organoleptic test. From the results of the study concluded that Durian peels and Ladyfinger bananas peels could be used as an essential ingredient in making nata. Nata de durio is the best nata product in terms of thickness, nata yield and organoleptic tests. Meanwhile Cassava peels cannot be used as raw material for making nata.Abstrak : Limbah pertanian terdiri dari karbohidrat, yang dapat digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan bagi bakteri Acetobacter xylinum untuk menghasilkan produk fermentasi dalam bentuk nata. Memproduksi nata dari limbah buah seperti kulit ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta), kulit pisang Ladyfinger (Musa acuminata Colla), dan kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus) adalah salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kualitas nata dari kulit ubi kayu (endodermis), kulit pisang emas (endodermis), dan kulit durian (endodermis) berdasarkan ketebalan gel, rendemen nata, dan uji organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kulit Durian dan kulit pisang emas dapat digunakan sebagai bahan penting dalam membuat nata. Nata de durio adalah produk nata terbaik dari segi ketebalan, rendeman, dan uji organoleptik, sedangkan kulit ubi kayu tidak dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan nata.
Cantando el sufrimiento del río. Memoria, poética y acción política de las cantadoras del Medio Atrato chocoano
Authors: Riaño-Alcalá Pilar , Chaparro Pacheco Ricardo 
Published: July 2020

Desde la comunidad de Pogue, un grupo de cantadoras lleva los alabaos a diferentes escenarios públicos, como sucede en las conmemoraciones de la masacre de Bojayá o la firma del acuerdo de paz. Al situar el afecto y el sentimiento como fuerzas creadoras del canto, la composición y la puesta en escena, las cantadoras de Pogue recrean lenguajes y modos de acción política. Con una voz colectiva construyen una narrativa sonora que expresa tanto su dolor como sus reivindicaciones. El sentimiento comunica un conocimiento emocional y encarnado de las mujeres e impulsa formas propias de producción de memoria histórica y acción política. Explorando el canto, el sentimiento y la guerra, este artículo apunta a las intersecciones entre cultura, política y resistencia que representan dichas composiciones y prácticas de cantar.
Criterion and Construct Validity and Reliability of the Pediatric IV Difficulty Score
Authors: Hartman Jane H. , Bena James F. , Morrison Shannon L. , Albert Nancy M. 
Published: July 2020

Highlights

Abstract
Background: In pediatric patients, intravenous placement success may be related to predetermined vascular access difficulty. The study purpose was to examine validity and reliability of the 6-item Pediatric Intravenous Difficulty Score.
Methods: We determined if a tool that assesses pediatric intravenous difficulty was associated with clinical outcomes of peripheral attempts (criterion validity), hypotheses regarding patients’ age, race, and medical diagnosis (construct validity), and reliability of difficulty levels.
Results: In 596 episodes of peripheral intravenous attempts, first-attempt success, overall success, and number of staff attempting access were associated with level of intravenous access difficulty by tool score. The tool met hypothesized construct validity criteria, and in multivariable modeling, the tool was reliable based on difficulty levels of 2 user groups.
Conclusions: The 6-item Pediatric Intravenous Difficulty Score has criterion and construct validity and is reliable over time among clinicians with different levels of expertise in peripheral vascular access.
Germany-Iran Relations in Political-Military Sphere: The Impossible Unlocking of Potential?
Authors: Мirzekhanov V. S. , Trunov Ph. O. 
Published: July 2020

The article explores the current relations between Germany and Iran in politicalmilitary sphere. Both countries belong to the category of emerging powers (the Germany is perhaps the single emerging power among Euro-Atlantic states). Outlining the contours of bilateral relations, the authors underline the presence of imperial historical code in each country, the growing internal political problems (dwindling authority of the ruling elites) and mutual interest in deepening trade-industrial partnership with Germany becoming a technological modernizer of Iranian economy.The authors show that Iranian factor has a growing impact over German policy in the Near East and the Middle East, especially in Lebanese, Syrian, Iraqi and Yemeni armed conflicts. In the first three cases Germany tries to limit the scale, the character (non-combatant capabilities), geographic area (not in deep regions) of the Bundeswehr usage. One of the key reasons of it is that Germany avoids being drawn into action against the Iranian troops or its junior allies («Hezbollah» in Lebanon, Shia combatants in Southern Iraq). Germany also recognizes that ignoring Iranian interests in each of these cases will make it difficult to maintain its political-military presence in the region. Because of the Yemen conflict with active participation of Saudi Arabia Germany has imposed arms embargo for the Kingdom.Germany attempted to keep the Iranian nuclear deal after Trump`s administration withdrawal from the agreement. The authors try to estimate the probable position of Germany towards possible military-political crisis in the region involving Iran and especially towards a potential US war against Iran.What result will Germany strive for in the Iranian direction? According to the authors, this is a significantly expanded formula of 2015. In addition to maintaining the JCPOA and mutually beneficial growth in trade and economic cooperation, this formula includes:– minimizing the threat of a military conflict against Iran (which has become especially important after the assassination of General Qasem Soleimani on January 3, 2020);– in exchange for this clear limitation of Iran’s influence in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Yemen.
“The World Economy of Coronavirus”: Search for Optimal Ways to Overcome the Consequences of the Crisis
Authors: Smirnov E. N. 
Published: July 2020

The current pandemic of COVID-19 has already become a test of strength for world economy and institutions of global economic regulation. The main goal of the article is to review existing research on the economy of pandemics focusing on COVID-19, and to develop a conceptual framework for further assessment of negative impact of COVID-19 on the economies of the world and ways to minimize this impact on economic development. The author’s methodological approach goes beyond the traditional interpretation of the pandemic economy; we use the term “coronavirus global economy” to show the unprecedented and comprehensive impact of a pandemic on the development of the world economy, the movement of factors of production, economic integration and economic growth. Under these conditions, many theories of economic development, the mechanisms of trade and investment policies need to be seriously reevaluated. The review shows that the increasing negative impact of COVID-19 on the global economy lies in the fact that it has not managed to recover from the global crisis of 2008 and was in a "pre-recession" state; the preparedness of countries to counter the pandemic was extremely low, and the institutions of international cooperation were paralyzed failing to develop measures to effectively protect against the current consequences of COVID-19. The review of the literature demonstrates the uniqueness of the current pandemic in terms of negative effects on both the supply and demand side of the global financial system, which is especially aggravated by the high debt burden of many countries. Globalization is considered to be the main determinant of the high spread of the coronavirus pandemic in both the medical and economic contexts, but at the same time, states remain fragmented and protectionist in terms of combating the pandemic.
Russian-Greek Political and Ecclesiastical Relations in 20-30s of the 19th Century
Authors: Kudryavtseva E. P. 
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the Russian-Greek ecclesiastical and political relations before and during the Eastern Crisis of the 1820s. After the start of the Greek uprising in 1821, Russia took an ambivalent position: as a patron of all orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire, it sought to support the Greeks, but Russia also had to recognize the Greek revolution as an illegitimate rebellion. As a member of the Holy Alliance of European Powers Russia had no other choice but to adhere to the principles of legitimism. Russia had both political and economic interests in the region. After the Greek uprising, main powers in the Western Europe had no doubt that Russia would support the rebels. Nevertheless, Russia regarded the Greek rebellion as another European revolution. After a successful war of independence, Russia established its diplomatic mission in the Greek capital. The first ambassador was P.I. Rickman, who arrived with aim to provide political relations with this new Balkan state. If political support of the rebellion could find no understanding in the conservative European circles, the aid of the Orthodox Balkan Church was implied by the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 1774. Special attention in this support, provided by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Greek monasteries, was paid to the Athos monasteries. This support was designed by a special document. It was adopted in 1735 under the Empress Anna Ivanovna and was subject to execution in subsequent years. The Archive of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has kept lists of all Orthodox monasteries on the territory of the Ottoman Empire that enjoyed material support from the Russian church; a significant part of this list are the Orthodox churches of Greece.
War and negotiations. How Vietnam defeated the American Colossus
Authors: Vasiliev A. M. 
Published: July 2020

Over the course of the prolonged US war in Vietnam, the bloodiest one after World War II, it became obvious that there was no alternative to a negotiation process. Important reasons were the impossibility for Washington to win the battlefield and the rise of anti-war sentiment in the United States. The author tried to show how certain psychological characteristics of US leaders led to the war and then eventually to negotiations. When started negotiations were accompanied by military action. The course of the war and negotiations was influenced by Soviet military assistance to the DRV, as well as by relations in the triangle of the USSR - USA - China. The time of detente between the USSR and the USA coincided with war in Vietnam, which influenced the behavior of the Soviet leaders, as evidenced by the recollections of the USSR ambassador to the United States A. Dobrynin.The Politburo of the Central Committee had disagreements regarding Vietnam and detente with the United States. But the war weakened US international stance and contributed to the achievement of strategic agreements with the USSR.The main objectives of the DRV in the negotiations were to stop US bombings and then withdrawal of US troops. The United States sought to maintain the Saigon puppet regime for some time after the withdrawal of its troops from South Vietnam. Washington’s main goal was to “save its face”, declaring defeat a “victory”. To achieve this goal the war and negotiations dragged on for years, and on the eve of the signing of the agreements, the most fierce bombing of the DRV was carried out.Thanks to the powerful air defense created with the help of the USSR, the DRV won the “air Dien Bien Fu”.The United States was forced to sign a peace agreement, which provided for the complete cessation of all US military operations in Vietnam, the withdrawal of all American troops, but left the North Vietnamese forces in South Vietnam together with the armed forces of the National Liberation Front along with the decaying and doomed to death Saigon regime. In 1975 its army was defeated the regime capitulated, which ensured the subsequent reunification of South and North Vietnam.The Vietnamese people defeated the American colossus, having suffered terrible sacrifices themselves, but achieved the national goal - the withdrawal of the Americans and the unification of the country. The full support of Vietnam can be seen as a successes story of Soviet foreign policy.
Russian-Japanese Relations: Long-Term Development Factors
Authors: Streltsov D. V. 
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes long-term external and internal factors determining the course of development of Russian-Japanese relations in 2019-2020. On the one hand, the anti-Russian component in Tokyo's foreign policy is shaped by its membership in the Security Treaty with the United States and its solidarity with the sanctions policy of the Group of Seven towards Russia. On the other hand, Japan and Russia are both interested interest in political cooperation in creating multilateral dialog mechanisms of international security in East Asia, resolving the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula, and easing tensions around territorial disputes in the East China and South China seas. Among the economic factors, the author focuses on the significant place of Russia in the context of Japan's task of diversifying sources of external energy supplies, as well as on Russia's desire to avoid unilateral dependence on the Chinese market while reorienting the system of foreign economic relations from the West to the East. Personal diplomacy of political leaders plays a significant role in relations between Russia and Japan, and, above all, close personal relationships and frequent meetings between Prime Minister Abe and President Putin, which make it possible to partially compensate the unfavorable image of the partner country in the public opinion of both Russia and Japan. Against the background of a deadlock in the Peace Treaty talks which emerged in 2019, the search for a way out of the diplomatic impasse is on the agenda. In the author's opinion, it would be appropriate at the first stage to proceed to the conclusion of a basic agreement on the basis bilateral relations, which would be "untied" from the Peace Treaty. In addition, Russia could stop criticizing Japan for its security policy and show greater understanding of the Japanese initiative in the field of quality infrastructure. In turn, Japan could take a number of strategic decisions on cooperation with Russia and announce them in the Prime Minister's keynote speech. In addition, Tokyo could stop positioning the issue of the peace Treaty as the main issue in relations with Russia, which would allow our countries to "untie" bilateral relations from the problem of border demarcation and focus on their positive agenda.
Section 6 of the Bill of Rights Act 1990: A Case for a Parliamentary Responsibility for Human Rights and Freedoms
Authors: Stemplewitz Jan 
Published: July 2020

The author addresses the role of the Courts in considering whether delegated legislation is ultra vires by reason of breaching the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. He suggests that such review should not consider whether the limitation in any such regulation is justifiable in a free and democratic society, but ought to only consider if it infringes rights and freedoms contained in the Bill of Rights Act. In his view, not only would such an approach result in much delegated legislation being held to be ultra vires, but that it would force Parliament to take responsibility for the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights Act by closely considering them when enacting provisions which permit delegated legislation.
Implementation of Tutoring Program in Discussion of USBN Problem for Class VI Students at SDN 05 Saparan
Authors: Setyowati Rini , Wahyuni Rika , Utama Erdi Guna , Sumarli Sumarli , Yanti Lili , Mulyani Sri , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Susanto Heru , Sulistri Emi 
Published: July 2020

<em>Program pengabdian masyarakat ini merupakan salah satu implementasi dari penerapan KKN- PPM yang bertujuan untuk dapat memotivasi kemauan belajar siswa, melatih keterampilan siswa dalam pengerjaan soal ujian nasional berbasis nasional(USBN), menambah wawasan serta pengalaman baru, melatih kemandirian dan keaktifan siswa dengan adanya bimbingan belajar. Pembahasan soal ujian nasional berbasis nasional (USBN) difokuskan pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, IPA dan Matematika. Kegiatan KKN- PPM adalah memberikan Program Bimbingan Belajar dalam Pembahasan Soal USBN yaitu siswa kelas VI SDN 05 Saparan, Desa Kumba, Kecamatan Jagoi Babang, Kelurahan Bengkayang yang berjumlah 13 orang dengan 6 laki-laki dan 7 orang perempuan. Metode kegiatan menggunakan pendekatan edukatif dengan metode ceramah, tanya jawab dan diskusi kelompok. Hasil dari kegiatan KKN-PPM ini menunjukkan bahwa BIMBEL yang peneliti lakukan dapat dikatakan sudah berhasil dengan metode dan strategi yang santai dan menyenangkan sehingga didapatkan respon positif dari siswa yang terkait di dalam pembelajaran bimbingan belajar ini.</em>
PENGARUH LATIHAN LARI ANGKAT PAHA TERHADAP PRESTASI LARI SPRINT 100 METER PADA SISWA PUTRA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 3 WOHA KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Udin Salah , M.Or Irfan 
Published: July 2020

Masalah yang ingin dipecahkan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh latihan lari angkat paha terhadap prestasi lari sprint 100 meter pada siswa SMP Negeri 3 Woha Kabupaten Bima. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dan Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan tes keterampilan. Teknik analisis data menggunaka rumus t-test. Penelitian ini menghasilkan nilai t-hitung lebih besar dari angka penolakan hipotesis nol (2,868 < 2,074). Hal ini berarti nilai t hitung tersebut signifikan, dengan demikian hipotesis nol ditolak dan alternatif diterima. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh latihan lari angkat paha terhadap prestasi lari sprint 100 meter pada siswa putra SMP Negeri 3 Woha Kabupaten Bima.
Classification of machines for strip technology of soil treatment
Authors: Boykov Vasiliy Mihaylovich , Startsev Sergey Viktorovich , Vorotnikov Igor Leonidovich , Narushev Viktor  Bisengalievich 
Published: July 2020

The classification of technical means for strip technology of soil treatment according to the Strip-till system is proposed. They are given the signs to merge them in groups according to the acquisition units, the frame design, technological performance, according to the type of tillage, the tillage method, as well as according to the technological purposes and design of the working body. Classification features are considered on the basis of the design of the domestic production ripper “AGRIVATOR”.
Research of dimensional-mass characteristics and physical and mechanical properties of bulbs and heaves of seed onion (Stuttgarter Risen variety) in the period of selection
Authors: Aksenov Alexander Gennadievich , Sibirev Aleksey Viktorovich 
Published: July 2020

The aim of the research was to determine the size-mass and physico-mechanical properties of bulbs and heaves of seed onion of the Stuttgart Riesen variety during the selection period. The results of studies of the size-mass characteristics of bulbs and roll onion sets of the Stuttgart Riesen variety from the standpoint of creating the working bodies of machines for its cultivation and harvesting are presented. The results of previous studies of onion sets of other varieties are considered. The technique and equipment used in the research are described. The results of the studies are presented in the form of distribution histograms, the analysis of the studies was carried out by the method of variation statistics. Object of study: bulbs and roll onion sets of the Stuttgart Riesen variety.
It is established that the value of the onion set form index lies in the range of 0.,82- 1,10. An analysis of the results shows that more than 90% of the bulbs have a rounded shape, approaching the shape of a sphere, the rest are flat-rounded. The main values of the width of the onion-set roll are in the range 53.,0 65,0 cm, with an average value of 59 cm, in addition, we can conclude that there is no large change in thickness in the cross section of the roll, while the average value of the thickness of the roll (left , middle, right) is within 5.4; 6.7; 5.2 cm with an average value of 6.4 cm. The average distance between the onion set rolls during the selection period is 113.4 cm, the maximum is 121 cm, and the minimum is 111.2 cm. The mass of a heap of 1 running meter of onion set roll characterizes the density of the onion set roll is 12.82 kg. However, the minimum and maximum values of this indicator have a wide range of variation from 12.0 to 15.0 kg.
Akad Murakkab dalam Produk Keuangan Syariah
Authors: Kholijah Siti 
Published: July 2020

The most important thing for creating sharia banking and financial products in addressing the demands of modern society is the development of multiple agreement.The form of a single agreement is not able to respond to contemporary financial transactions. Multiple agreement method should be superior in product development. Agreement in sharia transaction are modified from the exciting agreements in which such agreements are found in almost all sharia product. Multiple Agreement(al-Uqud al- Murakkabah) is one of contempory in Islamic banking whose implementation develops in line with business developments.
The effect of chopped corm sizes and types of soaking material on growth seedling of kepok banana (Musa paradisiaca L. ABB Kepok)
Authors: Rai I Nyoman , Sudana I Made , Astawa I Nyoman Gede , Dwiyani Rindang 
Published: July 2020

This research was conducted to study the effect of chopped corm sizes and types of soaking material on growth seedling of Kepok banana. The study was conducted at green house used a factorial randomized block design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was chopped corm sizes (in length x width x height), consists of 3 levels i.e. small size 5 x 5 x 5 cm (B1), medium size 7 x 7 x 7 cm (B2), and large size 9 x 9 x 9 cm (B3). The second factor was types of soaking material, consists of 4 levels i.e. soaked in water only (R0), soaked with Dithane M-45 fungicide 2g/l (R1), soaked with Dithane M-45 fungicide 2 g/l + NAA hormone 100 ppm (R2), soaked with Dithane M-45 fungicide 2 g/l + BA hormone 75 ppm (R3), and soaked with the Dithane M-45 fungicide 2 g/l + NAA hormone 100 ppm + BA 75 ppm (R4).