bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Joint Power Approach to Define Countermovement Jump Phases Using Force Platforms
Authors: HARRY JOHN R. , BARKER LELAND A. , PAQUETTE MAX R. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Conflicting methodologies are used to define certain countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) phases, which limits the identification of performance-enhancing factors (e.g., rate of force development).

Purpose
We (a) utilized a joint power approach to define CMVJ phases that accurately describe body weight unloading (i.e., unweighting) and eccentric (i.e., braking) actions, which were combined with the robustly defined concentric (i.e., propulsion) phase, and (b) determined whether the phases can be identified using only ground reaction force (GRF) data.

Methods
Twenty-one men performed eight maximal CMVJs while kinematic and GRF data were obtained. Hip, knee, and ankle joint powers were calculated by multiplying net joint moments (obtained using inverse dynamics) by joint angular velocities. The net sum of the joint powers (JPSUM) was calculated to define phases by the preeminence of negative (i.e., net eccentric actions) or positive (i.e., net concentric actions) power where appropriate. Unloading, eccentric, and concentric phases were identified using JPSUM and linked to GRF and center of mass velocity features.

Results
Bland and Altman plots of the bias and 95% confidence intervals for the limits of agreement (LOA), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and coefficients of variation (CV) indicated precise agreement for detecting the unloading (bias, 0.060 s; LOA, −0.110 to 0.229 s) and eccentric (bias, 0.012 s; LOA, −0.010 to 0.040 s) phases with moderate (ICC, 0.578; CV, 40.72%) and excellent (ICC, 0.993; CV, 2.18%) reliability, respectively. The eccentric phase should be divided into yielding (eccentric actions while accelerating downward) and braking (eccentric actions while decelerating downward) subphases for detailed assessments.

Conclusion
CMVJ phases defined by combining joint and center of mass mechanics can be detected using only force platform data, enabling functionally relevant CMVJ assessments using instrumentation commonly available to practitioners.
Planned Aerobic Exercise Increases Energy Intake at the Preceding Meal
Authors: BARUTCU ASYA , TAYLOR SHELLEY , MCLEOD CHRIS J. , WITCOMB GEMMA L. , JAMES LEWIS J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Effects of exercise on subsequent energy intake are well documented, but whether preexercise energy intake is affected by future planned exercise is unknown. This study investigated the effect of planned late-afternoon exercise on appetite and energy intake before (breakfast and lunch) and after (evening meal/snacks) exercise.

Methods
Twenty healthy, active participants (10 male; age, 23 ± 5 yr; body mass index 23.7 ± 3.2 kg·m−2; V˙O2peak, 44.1 ± 5.4 mL·kg·−1·min−1) completed randomized, counterbalanced exercise (EX) and resting (REST) trials. After trial notification, participants were provided ad libitum breakfast (0800 h) and lunch (1200 h) in the laboratory, before completing 1-h exercise (30-min cycling, 30-min running) at 75%–80% maximal HR (EX, 2661 ± 783 kJ) or 1-h supine rest (REST, 310 ± 58 kJ) 3 h after lunch. Participants were provided a food pack (pasta meal/snacks) for consumption after exercise (outside laboratory). Appetite was measured regularly, and meal and 24-h energy intake were quantified.

Results

Ad libitum energy intake was greater during EX at lunch (EX, 3450 ± 1049 kJ; REST, 3103 ± 927 kJ; P = 0.004), but similar between trials at breakfast (EX, 2656 ± 1291 kJ; REST, 2484 ± 1156 kJ; P = 0.648) and dinner (EX, 6249 ± 2216 kJ; REST, 6240 ± 2585 kJ; P = 0.784). Total 24-h energy intake was similar between trials (P = 0.388), meaning that relative energy intake (24-h energy intake minus EX/REST energy expenditure) was reduced during EX (EX, 9694 ± 3313 kJ; REST, 11,517 ± 4023 kJ; P = 0.004).

Conclusion
Energy intake seems to be increased in anticipation of, rather than in response to, aerobic exercise, but the increase was insufficient to compensate for energy expended during exercise, meaning that aerobic exercise reduced energy balance relative to rest.
Physical Activity in Pregnancy Is Associated with Increased Flow-mediated Dilation
Authors: REYES LAURA M. , FAROOQ SAULEHA M. , SKOW RACHEL J. , BUSCH STEPHEN A. , PYKE KYRA E. , KHURANA RSHMI , CHARI RADHA S. , STICKLAND MICHAEL K. , DEVOLIN MAUREEN , DAVIDGE SANDRA T. , SOBIERAJSKI FRANCES , LUGG ANNA , STEINBACK CRAIG D. , DAVENPORT MARGIE H. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To determine the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and glucose metabolism during late pregnancy.

Methods
Seventy normotensive, euglycemic pregnant women (31.6 ± 2.9 yr) in their third trimester (28–39 wk) were recruited. After a fasted blood sample; FMD was measured (brachial artery Doppler ultrasonography, normalized for the shear stimulus [area under the curve]). Anterograde and retrograde shear rate were estimated. Physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior were assessed via accelerometry for seven consecutive days (Actigraph wGT3X-BT). We categorized the women as active (>150 min·wk−1) or inactive (<150 min·wk−1) according to their accelerometry data. Data were corrected for age and gestational age.

Results
On average, women were sedentary 67.1% ± 8.2% of their waking hours. Active pregnant women (>150 min·wk−1 MVPA, n = 32) engaged in 266.7 ± 99.3 min·wk−1 MVPA, whereas inactive pregnant women (<150 min·wk−1 MVPA, n = 38) engaged in 76.1 ± 42.5 min·wk−1 MVPA. The FMD response (normalized to the magnitude of shear stress stimulus) was greater in active compared with inactive pregnant women (6.5 ± 4.4 a.u. vs 3.9 ± 3.5 a.u.; F = 4.619; P = 0.005). The MVPA in active pregnant women was inversely correlated with insulin concentrations (r = −0.556; P = 0.03). In inactive pregnant women, higher amounts of sedentary behavior were associated with lower amounts of retrograde shear rate (r = 0.504; P = 0.02), retrograde blood flow (r = 0.499; P = 0.02), and retrograde velocity (r = 0.508; P = 0.02) during baseline, but not correlated with the FMD response.

Conclusions
Engaging in MVPA during pregnancy is associated with improved FMD and a lower insulin concentration. Sedentary behavior was not associated with FMD responses.
Case Report: Load, Intensity, and Performance Characteristics in Multiple Grand Tours
Authors: VAN ERP TEUN , HOOZEMANS MARCO , FOSTER CARL , DE KONING JOS J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The aim of this study was to present the load, intensity, and performance characteristics of a general classification (GC) contender during multiple grand tours (GTs). This study also investigated which factors influence climbing performance.

Methods
Power output (PO) data were collected from a GC contender from the Vuelta a España 2015, the Giro d’Italia 2017, the Giro d’Italia 2018, and the Tour de France 2018. Load (e.g., Training Stress Score and kJ spent) and intensity in five PO zones were quantified. One-way ANOVA was used to identify differences between the GTs. Furthermore, performance during the four GTs was quantified based on maximal mean PO (W·kg−1) over different durations and by the relative PO (W·kg−1) on the key mountains in the GTs. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to identify which factors influence relative PO on the key mountains.

Results
No significant differences were found between load and intensity characteristics between the four GTs, with the exception that during the Giro d’Italia 2018, a significantly lower absolute time was spent in PO zone 5 (P = 0.005) compared with the other three GTs. The average relative PO on the key mountains (n = 33) was 5.9 ± 0.6 W·kg−1 and was negatively influenced by the duration of the climb and the total elevation gain before the key mountain, whereas the gradient of the mountain had a positive effect on relative PO.

Conclusions
The physiological load imposed on a GC contender did not differ between multiple GTs. Climbing performance was influenced by short-term fatigue induced by previous altitude meters in the stage and the duration and gradient of the mountain.
Relationship between postpartum depression and lactation status at a Japanese perinatal center: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Suzuki Shunji 
Published: November 2019

Background: Some studies have demonstrated that breastfeeding can protect mothers from postpartum depression; therefore, we examined the association between postpartum depression and lactation status at one month after delivery at a Japanese perinatal center. Methods: We reviewed the obstetric records of all (total 809) nulliparous healthy women with vaginal singleton delivery at 37-41 weeks’ gestation at our institute between July 2018 and June 2019. A face-to-face interview with the women was conducted on admission for delivery to ask whether or not they hoped to perform exclusive breastfeeding for their babies, and an additional interview was conducted one month after delivery to ask about their feeding methods currently. Maternal mental status was examined based on the scores using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and women with EPDS scores of ≥9 points were regarded as ‘positive screening’. Results: 592 women (73.1%) hoped to perform exclusive breastfeeding for their babies on admission. Of these, at one month, 442 (74.7%) performed exclusive breastfeeding, while 150 (25.3%) performed mixed or artificial feeding. The average EPDS scores and the incidence of EPDS scores ≥9 points in the women performing exclusive breastfeeding were 4.3 ± 3.6 and 14.3% (63/442), respectively. They did not differ from those in the women performing mixed or artificial breast feeding [4.2 ± 3.7, p = 0.60 and 13.3% (20/150), p = 0.78]. Conclusion: Development of postpartum depression does not seem to be associated with incomplete breastfeeding at our hospital, and therefore there are other risk factors indicated in the development of postpartum depression.
The effectiveness of home-based exercise programmes on mobility and functional independence in community-dwelling adults with Alzheimer's disease: a critical review
Authors: Brown Samantha Rachael , Yoward Samantha 
Published: November 2019

Background/AimsIn the UK, two-thirds of people with dementia are community-dwelling. Guidelines recommend exercise to promote independence among this population, however evidence to support this is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of home-based exercise programmes on mobility and functional independence in people with Alzheimer's disease living in the community.MethodsThe following electronic databases were searched: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, SPORTsDiscus, The Cochrane Library, PEDro, OpenGrey and Online Thesis. All included trials were assessed for methodological quality using PEDro bias scores and McMaster's Critical Appraisal Tool and Guideline. English language restrictions were applied.ResultsA total of seven trials were included within the review. Trial quality was mixed. All trials reported measures for mobility, while five trials included measures of functional independence. Results for the effectiveness of home-based exercise on mobility were mixed, with only two studies reporting significant improvements. Functional independence significantly improved in all trials.ConclusionsThe effectiveness of home-based exercise programmes on mobility in community-dwelling people with Alzheimer's disease remains inconclusive, while a growing body of evidence indicates its effectiveness in improving functional independence. However, high quality trials are scarce. Larger, randomised, controlled trials specific to this population are thus warranted.
The effect of the Bobath therapy programme on upper limb and hand function in chronic stroke individuals with moderate to severe deficits
Authors: Pumprasart Thanchanok , Pramodhyakul Noppol , Piriyaprasarth Pagamas 
Published: November 2019

Background/AimsThe Bobath concept has long been used to improve postural control and limb function post-stroke, yet its effect in patients with deficits have not been clearly demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the latest Bobath therapy programme on upper limb functions, muscle tone and sensation in chronic stroke individuals with moderate to severe deficits.MethodsA pre–post test design was implemented. The participants were chronic stroke individuals (n=26). Home-based intervention based on the Bobath concept was administered 3 days per week for 6 weeks (20 repetitions × 3 sets per task each session). Outcome measures consisted of the Wolf Motor Function Test, Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the upper extremity, Modified Ashworth Scale, and the Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed rank test.ResultsAlmost all items of the Wolf Motor Function Test and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the upper extremity demonstrated statistically significant differences post-intervention. Finger flexor muscle tone and stereognosis were also significantly improved.ConclusionsThe 6-week Bobath therapy programme could improve upper limb function and impairments in chronic stroke individuals with moderate to severe deficits. Its effects were also demonstrated in improving muscle tone and cortical sensation.
Rising Mortality From Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease in the United States in the 21st Century
Authors: Moon Andrew M. , Yang Jeff Y. , Barritt A. Sidney , Bataller Ramon , Peery Anne F. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:
In contrast with other developed nations, life expectancy is decreasing in the United States, in part due to increasing mortality from alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Up-to-date estimates of ALD mortality are necessary for setting public health priorities to reverse this concerning trend. We therefore aimed to assess current (2017) estimates of ALD mortality and temporal trends from 1999 to 2017.

METHODS:
Using national data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we analyzed stratified ALD mortality rates between 1999 and 2017. We determined the age-adjusted death rates, stratified by sex and categorized by age, race/ethnicity, urbanization, and census region. We also identified statistically significant changes in the annual rate difference (ARD), annual percentage change (APC), and average APC in ALD mortality.

RESULTS:
In 2017, mortality from ALD was higher than any other year since 1999 with age-adjusted rates of 13.1 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.9–13.3) in men and 5.6 per 100,000 (95% CI 5.4–5.7) in women. Mortality was highest among men and women who were middle aged, Native American, and from rural areas. Since 2006, ALD mortality has increased in almost every age group and race with the exception of non-Hispanic black men. Absolute increases in mortality rates have been particularly pronounced in Native American women (2005–2017 ARD 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–0.9), non-Hispanic/white men (2006–2017 ARD 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.4), and non-Hispanic/white women (2013–2017 ARD 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.5).

DISCUSSION:
Mortality from ALD is increasing over time in most demographic groups. Increased effort is needed to develop targeted public health strategies to address high and increasing ALD mortality.
Gastric Ulcer as Presentation of HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma and Resolution With HAART Therapy
Authors: Nassri Rama , Muftah Abdullah , Muftah Mayssan , Nassri Ammar , Alkhasawneh Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a neoplasm of endothelium-derived cells that are associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection. In the setting of HIV, extensive disease typically necessitates highly active antiretroviral therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy. We report a patient who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and was found to have KS presenting only as cratered gastric ulcers. The patient declined chemotherapy and was treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy alone and had complete resolution of KS on endoscopy and imaging up to 3 years later.
POLIGAMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF FAKHR AL-DÎN AL-RÂZÎ DAN FAQIHUDDIN ABDUL KODIR
Authors: Tsurayya Rachma Vina 
Published: November 2019

One of the religious and social issues that is intriguing and interesting to discuss is polygamy with various differences of opinion in it. This article will compare polygamy in the view of two classical and contemporary scholars, Fakhrudin Ar-Rozi and Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir. The background to the selection of these two figures is due to their opinions in the interpretation of the polygamy verse which is different from most commentators. In this verse we will discuss classical polygamy verse interpretation, verse background, and contemporary polygamy interpretation and then examine the contextualisation in this modern era and can see a more moderate interpretation by comparing them. This study concludes that the problem of polygamy is no longer focused on the underlying motives, but rather on the impact experienced by his wife and children. The interpretation of al-Râzî and Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir has been able to represent the voicing of women's rights in polygamy. This does not get the agreement of all parties, in the sense that there will still be parties that allow it for different reasons. However, the existence of this analysis can help each party to be more sensitive to the reality experienced by women. al-Râzî and Abdul Kodir are on a linear line that has severe conditions for permitting polygamy and encouraging other worship. Although both of them use different approaches and perspectives, they produce thoughts which in the author’s view are almost the same. Keyword: Polygamy; Contextualization; Moderation
UMMATAN WASAṬAN MENURUT M. QURAISH SHIHAB DALAM TAFSIR AL-MISBAH DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA
Authors: Rauf Abdur 
Published: November 2019

Quran idealizes Muslims as ummatan wasaṭan, but in reality Muslims are still far from the idealism of the Quran. This article discusses the ummatan wasaṭan according to Quraish Shihab in Tafsir al-Misbah. The aim is to find out the interpretations and concepts of ummatan wasaṭan according to Quraish Shihab, as well as the relevance of their interpretation to the values of Pancasila. This research is a library research. This research uses documentation techniques and descriptive-analytical methods. This research also uses the comparison method. The results of this study found that: according to Quraish Shihab, ummatan wasaṭan were moderate people, who were not inclined to the left and right so that led to a fair attitude, and the people who became witnesses and were witnessed by all parties so that he was made an example. The characteristics of ummatan wasaṭan according to Quraish Shihab are eight. (a) Faith in Allah and His Messenger; (b) Firmness; (c) Wisdom; (d) Unity and cohesion and brotherhood; (e) Justice; (f) Modeling; (g) Balance; and (h) Inclusive. M. Quraish Shihab’s interpretation of ummatan wasaṭan is relevant to the values of Pancasila as the basis of the Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: M. Quraish Shihab, Ummatan Wasaṭan, Moderate
Transcervical thymic biopsy in the immunodeficient child
Authors: Campisi Paolo , Vong Linda , Sgro Jonathan M. , Wolter Nikolaus , Ngan Bo , Friedberg Jacob 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objectives of this study are to present a case series of immunodeficient children who underwent a transcervical thymic biopsy and to describe the transcervical approach to the thymus gland.Design: Case series.Setting: Pediatric otolaryngology practice in an academic setting.Patients: Consecutive sample of immunodeficient children (≤18 years old) who underwent thymic biopsies from 1996 to 2019 for the purpose of confirming or excluding profound T cell immunodeficiency.Intervention: Diagnostic transcervical thymic biopsy.Results: A total of 14 patients with atypical combined immunodeficiency underwent the procedure during the study period, with minimal post-operative complication. The thymus was found to be abnormal histologically in 9 children and normal in another 5 patients. In all cases, thymus morphology helped define the extent of the immunodeficiency, resulting in either supporting a decision to perform a bone marrow transplant (8 patients) or avoid this high risk procedure (3 patients).Conclusion: Thymus biopsy is helpful in the characterization of childhood immunodeficiency and provides critical information that affects the medical management. The transcervical approach to the thymus is feasible in children and can be accomplished with minimal morbidity.Statement of novelty: Biopsies of the thymus have assisted in the characterization of new entities of primary immunodeficiency.
IYPT and The Mother of All Tables
Authors: Rabinovich Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A few years ago, the International Year of Chemistry (2011) was celebrated throughout the world with the organization of thematic conferences and symposia, special activities for children, the publication of a myriad of articles and reviews, and, of course, the release of postage stamps by many countries. Likewise, the International Year of the Periodic Table (IYPT) presents now another rare opportunity to relate the history of chemistry and showcase its societal benefits to a worldwide audience. As originally proclaimed by the United Nations and UNESCO, the IYPT also offers an incentive to promote international cooperation in the basic sciences for sustainable development and science education.
Synthesis, characterization and properties of biomass and carbon dioxide derived polyurethane reactive hot-melt adhesives
Authors: Chung Cheng-Hung , Shih Wen-Chang , Chiu Wei-Ming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPolyurethane reactive hot-melt adhesives (PURHs) are frequently employed in industries; however, there is still a need to develop more sustainable and versatile methodologies to expand the functions and fabrication of these important materials. Renewable feedstock can give PURHs with new functions, and reduce environmental impact. This study focuses on synthesizing PURHs using polyols derived from biomass (plants) and greenhouse gas (CO2) resources. These PURHs were characterized by multiple techniques, including solid-state13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), single-lap adhesive joints strength of stainless steel, and hydrolytic ageing. The PURH film based on biomass poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (bio-PTMEG) exhibited better water vapor permeability, tensile strength, and adhesive joints properties than PURHs based on cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) polyester diol and poly(propylene carbonate)-poly(propylene glycol) (PPC-PPG) copolymer diol. The polyols blend of bio-PTMEG with biomass and CO2based polycarbonate diols respectively provided PURHs films excellent hydrolysis resistance and adhesive strength on single-lap adhesively bonded stainless steel specimens. The work herein demonstrates that various renewable polyols can be employed in a sustainable fashion to optimize the structures and properties of PURHs for important applications.