bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil aggregation in a no‐tillage system with crop rotation
Authors: Moitinho Mara Regina , Fernandes Carolina , Truber Priscila Viviane , Marcelo Adolfo Valente , Corá José Eduardo , da Silva Bicalho Elton 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCrop rotation adoption in no‐tillage systems (NTS) has been recommended to increase the biological activity and soil aggregation, suppress soil and plant pathogens, and increase the productivity aiming at the sustainability of agricultural areas. In this context, this study aimed to assess the effect of crop rotation on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community and soil aggregation in a soil cultivated for nine years under NTS. Treatments consisted of combinations of three summer crop sequences and seven winter crops. Summer crop sequences consisted of corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture, soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) monoculture, and soybean–corn rotation. Winter crops consisted of corn, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–0.10 m for analyses of soil chemical, physical, and biological attributes. Spore abundance, total glomalin, and soil aggregate stability index were higher in the soil under corn monoculture. The highest values of aggregate mean weight diameter were observed in the soybean–corn rotation (3.78 mm) and corn monoculture (3.70 mm), both differing from soybean monoculture (3.15 mm), while winter crops showed significant differences only between sorghum (3.96 mm) and pigeon pea (3.25 mm). Two processes were identified in the soil under summer crop sequences. The first process was observed in PC1 (spore abundance, total glomalin, easily extractable glomalin, pH, P, and Mg2+) and was related to AMF; the second process occurred in PC2 (aggregate mean weight diameter, soil aggregate stability index, K+, and organic matter) and was related to soil aggregation. The nine‐year no‐tillage system under the same crop rotation adoption influenced AMF abundance in the soil, especially with corn cultivation in the summer crop sequence, which promoted an increased total external mycelium length and number of spores of AMF. In addition, it favored an increased soil organic matter content, which is directly related to the formation and stability of soil aggregates in these managements.
Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy
Authors: Simonato Barbara , Marangon Matteo , Vincenzi Simone , Vegro Mara , Pasini Gabriella 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSince the second half of the 20th century, the cultivation of ancient and local apple cultivars has almost disappeared from orchards in Italy. Some of these ancient apple cultivars often possess high nutraceutical values and display lower allergenicity than the modern ones, supporting the so‐called ‘green revolution’ theory.RESULTSIn this study, the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of five ancient apple cultivars (‘Belfiore’, ‘Pomella Genovese’, ‘Gravenstein’, ‘Bella del Bosco’, and ‘Piatlin’) were compared with a ‘Golden Delicious’ commercial cultivar. Additionally, apples were tested for their potential allergenicity by detecting the presence of Mal d 3, a non‐specific lipid transfer protein that represents the main apples' allergen. All apples came from northern Italy (Trentino Region) and were organically produced. Results showed that, for all cultivars, the skins contained more polyphenols than the pulps. ‘Bella del Bosco’ had the highest amount of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, whereas ‘Piatlin’ had the lowest phenolic content. All ancient cultivars presented a higher amount of pulp phenolic compounds than ‘Golden Delicious’. Immunoblotting techniques showed that ‘Bella del Bosco’ and ‘Piatlin’ had very low quantities of Mal d 3 allergen; hence, they can be considered hypoallergenic cultivars.CONCLUSIONSThe preservation of ancient apple cultivars would be of great importance, not only to maintain the biodiversity but also for their nutritional properties. The hypoallergenic activity of some of these cultivars could be of interest also for the preparation of different apple‐based products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of Wait‐List Mortality Between Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Liver Transplant Candidates
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis A. , Hickman Laura A. , Matsuoka Lea K. , Izzy Manhal , Montenovo Martin I. , Rega Scott A. , Feurer Irene D. , Alexopoulos Sophoclis P. 
Published: May 2020

Despite the divergent disease biology of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), wait‐list prioritization is identical for both diagnoses. We compared wait‐list and posttransplant outcomes between CCA and HCC liver transplantation patients with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease exceptions using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data. The 408 CCA candidates listed between 2003 and mid‐2017 were matched to 2 HCC cohorts by listing date (±2 months, n = 816) and by Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) region and date (±6 months, n = 408). Cumulative incidence competing risk regression examined the effects of diagnosis, OPTN region, and center‐level CCA listing volume on wait‐list removal due to death/being too ill (dropout). Cox models evaluated the effects of diagnosis, OPTN region, center‐level CCA volume, and waiting time on graft failure among deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) recipients. After adjusting for OPTN region and CCA listing volume (all P ≥ 0.07), both HCC cohorts had a reduced likelihood of wait‐list dropout compared with CCA candidates (HCC with period matching only: subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43‐0.93; P = 0.02 and HCC with OPTN region and period matching: SHR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41‐0.87; P = 0.007). The cumulative incidence rates of wait‐list dropout at 6 and 12 months were 13.2% (95% CI, 10.0%‐17.0%) and 23.9% (95% CI, 20.0%‐29.0%) for CCA candidates, 7.3% (95% CI, 5.0%‐10.0%) and 12.7% (95% CI, 10.0%‐17.0%) for HCC candidates with region and listing date matching, and 7.1% (95% CI, 5.0%‐9.0%) and 12.6% (95% CI, 10.0%‐15.0%) for HCC candidates with listing date matching only. Additionally, HCC DDLT recipients had a 57% reduced risk of graft failure compared with CCA recipients (P < 0.001). Waiting time was unrelated to graft failure (P = 0.57), and there was no waiting time by diagnosis cohort interaction effect (P = 0.47). When identically prioritized, LT candidates with CCA have increased wait‐list dropout compared with those with HCC. More granular data are necessary to discern ways to mitigate this wait‐list disadvantage and improve survival for patients with CCA.
The nature of the copper sulfide film grown on copper in aqueous sulfide and chloride solutions
Authors: Guo Mengnan , Chen Jian , Martino Taylor , Lilja Christina , Johansson Johannes A. , Behazin Mehran , Binns Wilfred J. , Keech Peter G. , Noël James J. , Shoesmith David W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the properties of copper sulfide films formed both anodically and naturally in deaerated/anoxic aqueous sulfide and chloride solutions were investigated using a series of electrochemical and surface analytical techniques. A combination of cyclic voltammetric, corrosion potential (Ecorr), and cathodic stripping voltammetric experiments showed that the sulfide film growth kinetics and film morphologies were controlled by the supply of SH− from the bulk solution to the copper surface. There was no passive barrier layer observed on the copper surface under either electrochemical or corrosion conditions. The film morphology was dependent on the type and concentration of anions (SH−, Cl−) present in the solution. Scanning electron microscopy on both surfaces and focused ion beam‐cut cross‐sections showed the growth of a thin, but porous, base layer of chalcocite (Cu2S) after short immersion periods (up to 2 hr) and the continuous growth of a much thicker crystalline outer deposit over longer immersion periods (≥36 hr), suggesting a solution species transport‐based film formation process and the formation of an ineffective thin “barrier‐type” layer on copper.
The role of FOXOs and autophagy in cancer and metastasis—Implications in therapeutic development
Authors: Farhan Mohd , Silva Marta , Li Shuai , Yan Fengxia , Fang Jiankang , Peng Tangming , Hu Jim , Tsao Ming‐Sound , Little Peter , Zheng Wenhua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAutophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation process that plays a crucial role in cell survival and stress reactions as well as in cancer development and metastasis. Autophagy process involves several steps including sequestration, fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and degradation. Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors regulate the expression of genes involved in cellular metabolic activity and signaling pathways of cancer growth and metastasis. Recent evidence suggests that FOXO proteins are also involved in autophagy regulation. The relationship among FOXOs, autophagy, and cancer has been drawing attention of many who work in the field. This study summarizes the role of FOXO proteins and autophagy in cancer growth and metastasis and analyzes their potential roles in cancer disease management.
Punicalagin Activates AMPK/PGC‐1α/Nrf2 Cascade in Mice: The Potential Protective Effect against Prenatal Stress
Authors: Cao Ke , Lv Weiqiang , Hu Shaoqin , Gao Jing , Liu Jiankang , Feng Zhihui 
Published: May 2020

ScopePrenatal stress is closely associated with poor health outcomes for offspring, yet the specific mechanisms and effective interventions remain limited.Methods and ResultsIn the present study, both male and female rat offspring exposed to prenatal restraint stress (PRS) are confirmed to have impaired spatial learning and memory, accompanied by reduced AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and decreased protein expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant pathways in the hippocampus. Interestingly, a deficiency in the AMPK cascade also occurs in liver, heart, and adipose tissues, suggesting that the systemic deactivation of AMPK in the offspring is potentially attributed to increased maternal glucocorticoid levels under PRS. Punicalagin (PU), a major ellagitannin in pomegranate, is found to effectively induce mitochondrial biogenesis and phase II enzymes through activation of AMPK in both HT22 and primary hippocampal neurons, thereby inhibiting glutamate‐induced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Meanwhile, the activation of AMPK cascade is also confirmed in mice administrated with PU for three days.ConclusionsAltogether, these results indicate that the systemic deficiency of the AMPK cascade can be the key factor that contributes to poor outcomes of PRS, and PU may be used as an effective maternal nutritional intervention.
The Weight Optimization Revamping Lifestyle using the Dietary Guidelines (WORLD) Study: Sustained Weight Loss Over 12 Months
Authors: Psota Tricia L. , Tindall Alyssa M. , Lohse Barbara , Miller Paige E. , Petersen Kristina S. , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare two energy‐restricted, nutrient‐dense diets at the upper or lower ends of the dietary fat recommendation range (lower fat [20% energy from fat] versus moderate fat [35%]) on weight loss using behavioral theory–based nutrition education.MethodsA total of 101 premenopausal women with overweight or obesity were randomized to an energy‐restricted lower‐fat or moderate‐fat diet for 1 year. Interventions included 28 behavioral theory–based nutrition education sessions plus weekly exercise sessions.ResultsBoth treatment groups experienced weight loss (−5.0 kg for lower fat and −4.3 kg for moderate fat; P < 0.0001), but there was no difference in weight loss or fat intake between groups. Total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (−3. 4 mg/dL and −3.8 mg/dL; P < 0.05), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (1.9 mg/dL; P < 0.05) in both groups at 12 months. Diet quality, assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, increased significantly at 4 months versus baseline (70.8 [0.9] vs. 77.8 [1.0]) and was maintained through 12 months. Higher Healthy Eating Index scores were associated with greater weight loss at 4 months (r = −0.2; P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn the context of a well‐resourced, free‐living weight‐loss intervention, total fat intake did not change; however, theory‐based nutrition education underpinned by food‐based recommendations resulted in caloric deficits, improvements in diet quality, and weight loss that was sustained for 1 year.
After‐Effects of Time‐Restricted Feeding on Whole‐Body Metabolism and Gene Expression in Four Different Peripheral Tissues
Authors: de Goede Paul , Hellings Tom P. , Coopmans Tom V. , Ritsema Wayne I. G. R. , Kalsbeek Andries 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveEpidemiological studies show that shift workers are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. As modern societies increasingly require shift work, it seems crucial to determine whether there are long‐lasting health effects of rotational shifts.MethodsThis study examined the after‐effects of 4 weeks of time‐restricted feeding (TRF) during the light period (= light‐fed) in rats, an animal model for shift work. This study also included a TRF‐dark (= dark‐fed) control group. The aligned and misaligned feeding times of light and dark feeding are associated with poor and good health outcomes, respectively. Several physiological measures were monitored continuously; blood, liver, brown adipose tissue, and soleus and gastrocnemius muscle were collected following 11 days of ad libitum (AL) feeding after ending the TRF.ResultsIn the dark‐fed animals, the day/night differences in food intake, activity, and respiratory exchange ratio were still enhanced at the end of the experiment. Light‐fed animals displayed the smallest day/night differences for these measures, as well as for body temperature. In both the light‐ and dark‐fed animals, rhythms in plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and gene expression had not fully recovered after 11 days of AL feeding. Importantly, the effects on gene expression were both tissue and gene dependent.ConclusionsOur data indicate that rotational shift workers may have an increased risk of long‐lasting disturbed rhythms in several physiological measures after a period of shift work. Clearly, such disturbances may harm their health.
Synergistic Effect of Feeding Time and Diet on Hepatic Steatosis and Gene Expression in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Oosterman Johanneke E. , Koekkoek Laura L. , Foppen Ewout , Unmehopa Unga A. , Eggels Leslie , Verheij Joanne , Fliers Eric , la Fleur Susanne E. , Kalsbeek Andries 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveEating out of phase with the endogenous biological clock alters clock and metabolic gene expression in rodents and can induce obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diet composition can also affect clock gene expression. This study assessed the combined effect of diet composition and feeding time on (1) body composition, (2) energy balance, and (3) circadian expression of hepatic clock and metabolic genes.MethodsMale Wistar rats were fed a chow or a free‐choice high‐fat, high‐sugar (fcHFHS) diet, either ad libitum or with food access restricted to either the light or dark period. Body weight, adiposity, and hepatic fat accumulation as well as hepatic clock and metabolic mRNA expression were measured after 5 weeks of the diet. Energy expenditure was measured using calorimetric cages.ResultsAnimals with access to the fcHFHS diet only during the light period showed more hepatic fat accumulation than fcHFHS dark‐fed animals despite less calories consumed. In contrast, within the chow‐fed groups, light‐fed animals showed the lowest hepatic fat content, but they also showed the lowest caloric intake. Locomotor activity and heat production followed feeding times, except in the fcHFHS light‐fed group. Hepatic clock and metabolic gene expression rhythms also followed timing of food intake. Yet, in the fcHFHS light‐fed animals, clock gene expression appeared 3 hours advanced compared with chow light‐fed animals, an effect not observed in the fcHFHS dark‐fed animals.ConclusionsAn fcHFHS diet consumed in the light period promotes hepatic fat accumulation and advances clock gene expression in male Wistar rats, likely because of a mismatch between energy intake and expenditure.
Effect of High‐Intensity Interval Training on Visceral and Liver Fat in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Taylor Jenna L. , Holland David J. , Mielke Gregore I. , Bailey Tom G. , Johnson Nathan A. , Leveritt Michael D. , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Rowlands Alex V. , Coombes Jeff S. , Keating Shelley E. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver fat reduction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) over 3 months and the maintenance of improvements over 12 months.MethodsForty‐two participants with CAD were randomized to three sessions/week of either 4 × 4‐minute high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) or 40 minutes of usual care moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) for a 4‐week supervised cardiac rehabilitation program, followed by three home‐based sessions/week for 11 months. Liver fat (as intrahepatic lipid) and VAT were measured via magnetic resonance techniques. Data are mean change (95% CI).ResultsHIIT and MICT significantly reduced VAT over 3 months (−350 [−548 to −153] cm3 vs. −456 [−634 to −278] cm3; time × group effect: P = 0.421), with further improvement over 12 months (−545 [−818 to −271] cm3 vs. −521 [−784 to −258] cm3; time × group effect: P = 0.577) and no differences between groups. Both groups improved liver fat over 3 months, with HIIT tending to show greater reduction than MICT (−2.8% [−4.0% to −1.6%] vs. −1.4% [−2.4% to −0.4%]; time × group effect: P = 0.077). After 12 months, improvements were maintained to a similar degree. Higher exercise intensity predicted liver fat reduction (β = −0.3 [−0.7 to 0.0]; P = 0.042).ConclusionsHIIT and MICT reduced VAT over 3 and 12 months. For liver fat, HIIT tended to provide a slightly greater reduction compared with MICT. These findings support HIIT as a beneficial adjunct or alternative to MICT for reducing visceral and liver fat in patients with CAD.
Evaluation and classification of severity for 176 genes on an expanded carrier screening panel
Authors: Arjunan Aishwarya , Bellerose Holly , Torres Raul , Ben‐Shachar Rotem , Hoffman Jodi D. , Angle Brad , Slotnick Robert Nathan , Simpson Brittany N. , Lewis Andrea M. , Magoulas Pilar L. , Bontempo Kelly , Schulze Jeanine , Tarpinian Jennifer , Bucher Jessica A. , Dineen Richard , Goetsch Allison , Lazarin Gabriel A. , Johansen Taber Katherine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDisease severity is important when considering genes for inclusion on reproductive expanded carrier screening (ECS) panels. We applied a validated and previously published algorithm that classifies diseases into four severity categories (mild, moderate, severe, and profound) to 176 genes screened by ECS. Disease traits defining severity categories in the algorithm were then mapped to four severity‐related ECS panel design criteria cited by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).MethodsEight genetic counselors (GCs) and four medical geneticists (MDs) applied the severity algorithm to subsets of 176 genes. MDs and GCs then determined by group consensus how each of these disease traits mapped to ACOG severity criteria, enabling determination of the number of ACOG severity criteria met by each gene.ResultsUpon consensus GC and MD application of the severity algorithm, 68 (39%) genes were classified as profound, 71 (40%) as severe, 36 (20%) as moderate, and one (1%) as mild. After mapping of disease traits to ACOG severity criteria, 170 out of 176 genes (96.6%) were found to meet at least one of the four criteria, 129 genes (73.3%) met at least two, 73 genes (41.5%) met at least three, and 17 genes (9.7%) met all four.ConclusionThis study classified the severity of a large set of Mendelian genes by collaborative clinical expert application of a trait‐based algorithm. Further, it operationalized difficult to interpret ACOG severity criteria via mapping of disease traits, thereby promoting consistency of ACOG criteria interpretation.
Simultaneously enhanced fracture toughness and flame‐retardant property of poly(l‐lactic acid) via reactive blending with ammonium polyphosphate andin situformed polyurethane
Authors: Ma Meng , Wang Xinpeng , Liu Kai , Chen Si , Shi Yanqin , He Huiwen , Wang Xu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe preparation of poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) with high mechanical and ideal flame‐retardant properties is a great challenge. Herein, a simultaneous toughness and flame‐retardant PLLA composite was successfully fabricated by using a one‐step process which introduces 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into PLLA/poly(ε‐caprolactone) blends. SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TGA were adopted to confirm that APP participated in thein situreaction during the melt process. The impact strength was increased to 13.5 kJ m−2from 1.0 kJ m−2for L8P2A5 composite, indicating the toughening effect of reactive blending. The cone calorimeter test, limiting oxygen index and vertical burning test results indicate that the flame‐retardant properties of the composites are enhanced with increasing APP content. This work provides a method to prepare PLLA with high mechanical properties and enhanced flame retardancy. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of thermomechanical, structural and antibacterial properties of poly(lactic acid) reinforced with graphene oxide nanoparticles via melt mixing
Authors: Athanasoulia Ioanna‐Georgia , Giachalis Konstantinos , Korres Dimitrios , Todorova Nadia , Giannakopoulou Tatiana , Tarantili Petroula A , Trapalis Christos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAddition of graphene oxide (GO) to poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) offers an alternative approach for tuning its crystallinity, improving its mechanical properties and transfusing an antibacterial behavior. GO/PLLA nanocomposites were prepared by melt extrusion, thus avoiding the potentially toxic, for biomedical applications, residue of organic solvents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Using differential scanning calorimetry experiments concerning the isothermal crystallization of PLLA and PLLA containing 0.4 wt% GO, a two‐dimensional disc‐like geometry of crystal growth was determined, whereas at 125 and 130 °C the nanocomposite developed three‐dimensional spherulitic growth. Higher crystallization rate constant values suggest that the incorporation of 0.4 wt% GO accelerated the crystallization of PLLA. The lowest crystallization half‐time for PLLA was observed at 115 °C, while at 110 °C GO caused its highest decrease, accompanied by the highest increase in melting enthalpy (ΔHm), as compared to that of PLLA, after completion of isothermal crystallization. Their ΔHm values increased with Tic, whereas multiple melting peaks transited to a single one with increasing Tic. GO improved the PLLA thermal stability, tensile strength and Young's modulus. Incorporation of 0.8 wt% GO endowed PLLA with another potential application as a biomaterial since the derived composite presented good thermomechanical properties and effective prohibition of Escherichia coli bacteria attachment and proliferation. This effect was more prominent under simulated sunlight exposure than in the dark. The preparation method did not compromise the intrinsic properties of GO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry