bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating strategies and nursing response for cancer care management during the COVID‐19 pandemic: an Italian experience
Authors: Zeneli A. , Altini M. , Bragagni M. , Gentili N. , Prati S. , Golinucci M. , Rustignoli M. , Montalti S. 
Published: October 2020

AimTo describe our response to the COVID‐19 emergency in a cancer centre to enable other nursing organizations to determine which elements could be useful to manage a surge of patients in their own setting.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic represents one of the most challenging healthcare scenarios faced to date. Managing cancer care in such a complex situation requires a coordinated emergency action plan to guarantee the continuity of cancer treatments for patients by providing healthcare procedures for patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals in a safe environment.ProceduresWe describe the main strategies and role of nurses in implementating such procedures.ResultsNurses at our hospital were actively involved in COVID‐19 response defined by the emergency action plan that positively contributed to correct social distancing and to the prevention of the spread of the virus.Implications for nursing and health policiesLessons learned from the response to phase I of COVID‐19 have several implications for future nursing and health policies in which nurses play an active role through their involvement in the frontline of such events. Key policies include a coordinated emergency action plan permitting duty of care within the context of a pandemic, and care pathway revision. This requires the rapid implementation of strategies and policies for a nursing response to the new care scenarios: personnel redistribution, nursing workflow revision, acquisition of new skills and knowledge, effective communication strategies, infection control policies, risk assessment and surveillance programmes, and continuous supplying of personal protective equipment. Finally, within a pandemic context, clear nursing policies reinforcing the role of nurses as patient and caregiver educators are needed to promote infection prevention behaviour in the general population.
Association between maternal height and mode of delivery in nulliparous Japanese women
Authors: Kuritani Yoshihiro , Hayashi Shusaku , Yamamoto Ryo , Mitsuda Nobuaki , Ishii Keisuke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe primary aim of this study was to examine the association between maternal height and mode of delivery in nulliparous Japanese women. The secondary aim was to examine the association between maternal height and maternal and neonatal morbidities.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included women who gave birth at Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, a tertiary perinatal center in Japan, from January 2015 to December 2017. Nulliparous Japanese women with singleton gestation, who went into labor at term were included in the study. The primary outcome was mode of delivery, and the secondary outcomes were maternal and neonatal morbidities. The relationships between maternal height and the outcomes were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. Maternal height was categorized into five groups with 5‐cm increments for the analysis.ResultsA total of 1593 women were analyzed in this study. Shorter women had higher rate of cesarean delivery (CD) than taller women. There were no significant differences in the rates of operative vaginal delivery, maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity among the maternal‐height groups. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidential interval) of maternal heights of <150 cm, 150–154 cm, 160–164 cm and ≥165 cm for CD, compared with a maternal height of 155–159 cm, were 3.56 (1.79–7.09), 1.68 (1.06–2.64), 0.63 (0.40–1.00) and 0.57 (0.30–1.01), respectively.ConclusionShorter nulliparous Japanese women were more likely to undergo intrapartum CD. However, the rates of maternal and neonatal morbidities in shorter women were similar to those in taller women.
Magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor imaging in dogs with intervertebral disk herniation
Authors: Shinn Richard L. , Pancotto Theresa E. , Stadler Krystina L. , Werre Stephen R. , Rossmeisl John H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative magnetic resonance imaging (QMRI) techniques of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provide microstructural information about the spinal cord.ObjectiveCompare neurologic grades using the modified Frankel scale with MTR and DTI measurements in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH).AnimalsFifty‐one dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH.MethodsProspective cohort study. Quantitative MRI measurements of the spinal cord were obtained at the region of compression. A linear regression generalized estimating equations model was used to compare QMRI measurements between different neurological grades after adjusting for age, weight, duration of clinical signs, and lesion location.ResultsGrade 5 (.79  ×  10−3 mm2/s [median], .43−.91 [range]) and axial (1.47 × 10−3 mm2/s, .58−1.8) diffusivity were lower compared to grades 2 (1.003, .68−1.36; P = .02 and 1.81 × 10−3 mm2/s, 1.36−2.12; P < .001, respectively) and 3 (1.07 × 10−3 mm2/s, .77−1.5; P = .04 and 1.92 × 10−3 mm2/s, 1.83−2.37;P < .001, respectively). Compared to dogs with acute myelopathy, chronic myelopathy was associated with higher mean (1.02 × 10−3 mm2/s, .77−1.36 vs. .83 × 10−3 mm2/s, .64−1.5; P = .03) and radial diffusivity (.75 × 10−3 mm2/s, .38−1.04 vs. .44 × 10−3 mm2/s, .22−1.01; P = .008) and lower MTR (46.76, 31.8−56.43 vs. 54.4, 45.2−62.27; P = .004) and fractional anisotropy (.58, .4−0.75 vs. .7, .46−.85; P = .02). Fractional anisotropy was lower in dogs with a T2‐weighted intramedullary hyperintensity compared to those without (.7, .45−.85 vs. .54, .4−.8; P = .01).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceMean diffusivity and AD could serve as surrogates of severity of spinal cord injury and are complementary to the clinical exam in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH.
Seasonal trends and maternal characteristics as predictors of maternal undernutrition and low birthweight in Eastern Maharashtra, India
Authors: Locks Lindsey M. , Patel Archana , Katz Elizabeth , Simmons Elizabeth , Hibberd Patricia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFew studies have assessed whether women and infants in rural and peri‐urban communities in South Asia experience seasonal fluctuations in nutritional status; however, a handful of studies have documented seasonal variability in risk factors for undernutrition including food availability, physical activity and infections. We used data from the Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) registry, a population‐based pregnancy and birth registry in Eastern Maharashtra, India, to analyse seasonal trends in birthweight and maternal nutritional status—body mass index (BMI) and haemoglobin—in the first trimester of pregnancy. We plotted monthly and seasonal trends in birthweight, and maternal BMI and haemoglobin, and used multivariable regression models to identify seasonal and maternal characteristics that predicted each outcome. Between October 2014 and January 2018, MNH included 29,253 livebirths with recorded birthweight. BMI was assessed in 15,252 women less than 12 weeks of gestation and haemoglobin in 18,278 women less than 13 weeks of gestation. Maternal characteristics (age, education, parity and height) were significantly associated with nutritional status; however, there were minimal seasonal fluctuations in birthweight or maternal nutrition. There were significant secular trends in maternal haemoglobin; between 2014 and 2018, the prevalence of maternal anaemia decreased from 91% to 79% and moderate or severe anaemia from 53% to 37%. The prevalence of maternal underweight (45.3%) and overweight (9.8%) and low birthweight (19.1%) remained relatively constant over the study period. Our findings highlight that in some rural and peri‐urban areas in South Asia, tackling systemic drivers of malnutrition may be more effective than targeted interventions based on season.
Academic‐practice collaboration in clinical education: A qualitative study of academic educator and clinical preceptor views
Authors: Dev Manisha D. B. , Rusli Khairul D. B. , McKenna Lisa , Lau Siew Tiang , Liaw Sok Ying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcademic‐practice collaborations between academic educators and preceptors are important to ensure the success of clinical education. This study explored the perceptions of academic educators and preceptors on their collaborations in a transition‐to‐practice program for nursing students. A qualitative exploratory study was undertaken with a purposive sample of 12 preceptors and 13 academic educators across three hospitals and one university in Singapore. Individual interviews were conducted. Four main themes emerged from the thematic data analysis: “hierarchical communication” that prevents academic educators and preceptors from communicating directly with each other, “uncertainty about learning objectives” among preceptors, “discrepancies in clinical assessments” due to a lack of support for preceptors in the assessment process, and “not knowing each other's practice,” which could result in theory‐practice gaps. The findings reflect the need to strengthen collaborations between academic educators and preceptors through joint teaching and assessments in clinical or simulated settings. This will provide opportunities to learn from each other's practice as well as build rapport, which are critical elements in reducing theory‐practice divides and decreasing hierarchical levels between academic educators and preceptors.
Apple SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1 facilitates SUMOylation of MdARF8 to regulate lateral root formation
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Ling , Wang Gui‐Luan , Zhang Ya‐Li , Hu Xing , Zhou Li‐Jie , You Chun‐Xiang , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Hao Yu‐Jin 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Post‐translational modification of proteins mediated by SIZ1, a small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase, regulates multiple biological processes in plants. However, its role in the regulation of lateral root formation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the apple SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1 promotes lateral root formation.

Using a yeast‐two‐hybrid (Y2H) system, the auxin response factor MdARF8 was screened out as a protein–protein interaction partner of the SUMO‐conjugating E2 enzyme MdSCE1, indicating that MdARF8 may be a substrate for MdSIZ1. The interaction between MdARF8 and MdSCE1 was confirmed by pull‐down, Y2H and Co‐immunoprecipitation assays.

MdSIZ1 enhanced the conjugating enzyme activity of MdSCE1 to form a MdSCE1–MdSIZ1–MdARF8 complex, thereby facilitating SUMO modification. We identified two arginine substitution mutations at K342 and K380 in MdARF8 that blocked MdSIZ1‐mediated SUMOylation, indicating that K342 and K380 are the principal SUMOylation sites of the MdARF8 protein. Moreover, MdARF8 promoted lateral root formation in transgenic apple plants, and the phenotype of reduced lateral roots in the Arabidopsis siz1‐2 mutant was restored in siz1‐2/MdARF8 complementary plants.

Our findings reveal an important role for sumoylation in the regulation of lateral root formation in plants.
Seed inoculations with entomopathogenic fungi affect aphid populations coinciding with modulation of plant secondary metabolite profiles across plant families
Authors: Rasool Shumaila , Vidkjær Nanna H. , Hooshmand Kourosh , Jensen Birgit , Fomsgaard Inge S. , Meyling Nicolai V. 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can display a plant‐associated lifestyle as endophytes. Seed application of EPF can affect insect herbivory above ground, but the mechanisms behind this are not documented.

Here we applied three EPF isolates, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium brunneum and M. robertsii, as seed inoculation of wheat and bean, and evaluated the effects on population growth of aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi and Aphis fabae, respectively. In wheat and bean leaves, we quantified benzoxazinoids and flavonoids, respectively, in response to EPF inoculation and aphid infestation to elucidate the role of specific plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in plant–fungus–herbivore interactions.

Inoculations of wheat and bean with M. robertsii and B. bassiana reduced aphid populations compared with control treatments, whereas M. brunneum unexpectedly increased the populations of both aphids. Concentrations of the majority of PSMs were differentially altered in EPF‐treated plants infested with aphids. Changes in aphid numbers were associated with PSMs regulation rather than EPF endophytic colonisation capacity.

This study links the effects of EPF seed inoculations against aphids with unique PSM accumulation patterns in planta. The understanding of PSM regulation in tri‐trophic interactions is important for the future development of EPF for pest management.
Nutritional intervention strategies for the management of overweight and obesity in primary health care: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Canuto Raquel , Garcez Anderson , de Souza Renata Vieira , Kac Gilberto , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo 
Published: October 2020

SummaryA systematic review with meta‐analysis (MA) was conducted to synthesize the effectiveness of nutrition intervention strategies for managing overweight and obesity in the adult population attending primary health care. Relevant articles were searched in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS databases from inception to January 2020. Seventy studies were identified: 45 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 25 uncontrolled before‐after studies (UBAs). The MA of nutritional intervention revealed a reduced average estimate of the effect on weight in RCTs (weighted mean differences [WMD] = −1.80 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.40 to −1.19), BMI (WMD = −0.80 kg/m2, 95% CI, −1.11 to −0.49), and WC (WMD = −2.28 cm, 95% CI, −3.06 to −1.49); and for UBAs showed reductions in weight (WMD = −4.17 kg; 95% CI, −5.18 to −1.70), BMI (WMD = −1.26 kg/m2; 95% CI, −1.81 to −0.72) and (WMD = −2.90 cm; 95%CI, −4.21 to −1.59). There was no association between treatment effect and follow‐up for both designs. Nutritional interventions alone yielded a higher but nonsignificant average reduction on weight when compared with combined components intervention. Interventions delivered through individual or group sessions showed a similar positive effect on weight decrease. The dietary prescription approach yielded a greater effect on weight loss than did the behavioural approaches but only in UBA studies.
The Implications of Recycling Technology Choice on Extended Producer Responsibility
Authors: Rahmani Morvarid , Gui Luyi , Atasu Atalay 
Published: October 2020

We study recycling technology choice, a critical factor that has received little attention in the context of extended producer responsibility, and its interaction with product design‐for‐recycling in driving the environmental benefits of recycling systems. Collective recycling systems have long been criticized for restricting the environmental benefits of extended producer responsibility because of free riding issues among producers, which can undermine incentives for product design‐for‐recycling. We revisit and refine this assertion by analyzing the interaction between recycling technology and product design‐for‐recycling choices. We develop game‐theoretic models where producers and processors decide on product design‐for‐recycling and recycling technology choices, respectively. We then compare the equilibrium benefits of recycling in collective and individual systems. The key result in this study is that when recycling technology choice is taken into account, collective recycling systems can lead to higher environmental and economic benefits than individual recycling systems. This is because collective recycling systems provide stronger incentives for recycling technology improvements. In turn, these improvements can help overcome the drawbacks associated with inferior product design‐for‐recycling outcomes caused by free riding concerns among producers in collective recycling systems. In light of these results, we posit that an exclusive focus on product design‐for‐recycling to assess the environmental benefits of extended producer responsibility‐based recycling systems may need scrutiny. Producers and policy makers may need to evaluate recycling systems with respect to the incentives they provide for both product design‐for‐recycling and recycling technology improvements.
Mass‐in‐mass lattices with small internal resonators
Authors: Hadadifard Fazel , Wright J. Douglas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider the mass‐in‐mass (MiM) lattice when the internal resonators are very small. When there are no internal resonators the lattice reduces to a standard Fermi‐Pasta‐Ulam‐Tsingou (FPUT) system. We show that the solution of the MiM system, with suitable initial data, shadows the FPUT system for long periods of time. Using some classical oscillatory integral estimates we can conclude that the error of the approximation is (in some settings) higher than one may expect.
Disentangling the factors that vary the impact of trees on flooding (a review)
Authors: Marapara Tapuwa R. , Jackson Bethanna M. , Hartley Stephen , Maxwell Deborah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in the role of trees and forests in reducing the risk of flooding. The establishment of forests and planting of trees changes surface and subsurface hydrology, often delaying peak discharge and reducing overland flow and flood risk. However, it is increasingly recognised that a blanket recommendation to ‘plant trees’ is rarely an efficient approach to flood‐risk management. This is because the role of trees varies spatially and temporally as a function of climate, topography, rainfall properties, soil type and condition, catchment scale and geology, among others. This paper presents a review of the complex relationship between tree cover and flooding. It discusses how the interaction is affected by species, position in the landscape, catchment scale, soils, magnitude of rainfall event and changing geologic and climatic conditions. Finally, it highlights how, when and where trees and forests can be effectively used to assist in managing the risk of flooding. Knowledge gaps that require future research are also identified.
CoFe2O4/Fe2O3 on carbon cloth as binder free electrodes for desalination using capacitive deionization method
Authors: Inbaraj Davis Jacob , Mangalaraj Chitra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDesalination of saline water was carried out by capacitive deionization (capDI) method. Pseudocapacitive materials (CoFe2O4/Fe2O3) were coated on the carbon cloth as capDI electrode for three different reaction time (6, 9 and 12 h). Synthesized capDI electrodes were characterized using SEM, XRD, Raman and XPS. The desalination was tested by batch method to study the desalination performance of the synthesized electrode. The results showed that 89% and 30 % of desalination efficiency at 200 and 500 mg/L (1500 μS/cm initial conductivity), respectively for 6 h reaction time sample. The adsorption of inorganic ions from the saline water on 6 h sample was found to be about 30 mg/g at an initial concentration of 500 mg/L. The kinetic analysis indicated that the electrosorption of NaCl on capDI electrodes followed pseudo‐first order kinetics model. Overall, the developed pseudocapacitive capDI electrode was able to desalinate NaCl by capacitive deionization method under experimental condition.
Spectral Methods of Control of Impurities, Their Flows and Localization in an Equilibrium Low-Temperature Plasma of Low Pressure
Authors: Bernatskiy A. V. , Kochetov I. V. , Ochkin V. N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The state-of-art of studies of processes involving small fractions of particles formed as a result of chemical transformations of the source gas or appearing from the outside as an impurity is discussed. Various high-sensitivity methods for measuring the low concentrations of particles are considered. The main focus is on spectral methods, both classical and laser ones. The main modern fields of the application of non-equilibrium plasma, features, and achievements of the diagnostic tools used in them are highlighted. The emphasis is on spectroscopic studies of plasma purity in the low-temperature near-wall layers of thermonuclear reactors. In this case, the issue of the penetration of water molecules into the plasma chamber from the cooling circuits is of particular importance. In view of the limited accessibility to the reactors, new remote versions of spectral emission methods are being developed that are focused on the diagnostics of the ITER near-wall plasma. A new method of multispectral optical actinometry is discussed, in which intermediate chemically unstable particles can play the role of actinometers. This broadens the range of possibilities for quantitative measurements of concentrations of particles of different kinds, and increases the sensitivity. Effective actinometric pairs were found for the objects under consideration, e.g., hydrogen and deuterium atoms. The schemes are worked out on laboratory facilities, and kinetic models of plasma-chemical processes are developed. Scaling of the results of model experiments makes it possible to predict the measurement of the impurity flows at the level (10–9–10–13) Pa m3 s–1 with the localization of sources determined by the spatial resolution of the optical system.
Assessing the cyclic status of the brood mare
Authors: Newcombe John 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundYears ago, most brood mares, thoroughbred or otherwise, visited large stud farms with multiple stallions. Brood mare practice was then the province of a limited number of relatively specialised stud veterinarians. Today, many young practitioners are involved in servicing small farms with single stallions, insemination centres or mares residing on the owners' premises. Consequently, the vet's practical knowledge of brood mare examination is gained only slowly by experience from small numbers, yet the questions asked by clients, and the accuracy of the information they are expected to provide possibly needs more expertise than ever before. Absence of a teaser stallion, lack of owner knowledge, inadequate examination facilities and inexperienced handlers all make the task harder for the vet, especially with the increasingly common practice of ‘walking in’ mares.Aim of the articleThis article provides insight into what to look for when investigating the reproductive status of a brood mare before covering or insemination, and advice on how to predict ovulation.
Influence of ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on pancreatic digestive enzyme activity in finishing steers
Authors: Trotta Ronald J. , Maddock-Carlin Kasey R. , Swanson Kendall C. 
Published: October 2020

Sixty-nine finishing steers were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: supplementation to provide 0 or 267 mg·d−1 of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) for 42 d. Twelve steers were slaughtered for tissue and blood collection. Final body weight (BW) tended to be greater with RAC supplementation. Ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation decreased liver mass as a percentage of BW. Pancreatic protein concentration, digestive enzyme activities, serum glucose, and insulin concentrations were not influenced by RAC supplementation. Ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation decreased the pancreatic:α-amylase:trypsin and serum urea nitrogen concentrations. These data suggest that RAC may influence pancreatic exocrine function in cattle.