bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease Prevalence Status in China
Authors: Liu Chunfa , Song Yimeng , He Wencong , Liu Dongxin , He Ping , Bao Jingjing , Wang Xinyang , Ou Xichao , Zhao Bing , Fan Jiale , Cheng Qian , Zhou Yang , Song Yuanyuan , Zheng Yang , Xia Hui , Wang Shengfen , Li Yanming , Zhao Yanlin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The information on the pulmonary disease caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) in China is limited, mainly based on local or regional studies.Methods: Retrospective study involving 72 tuberculosis clusters provided sputa of enrolled presumptive cases for mycobacterial and drug-susceptibility testing in 31 provinces of Chinese mainland. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) test was used to measure the susceptibility of NTM isolates.Results: Of 4917 mycobacterial isolates cultured, 317 (6.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8 to 7.2) isolates were confirmed as NTM, among 207 (12.1%, 95% CI, 10.6 to 13.8) isolates were detected from the southeastern region with the highest NTM prevalence. Slow growing mycobacteria (SGM) contributed 93.3% (95% CI, 76.4 to 98.8) and 56.1% (95% CI, 50.1 to 61.9) in northern and southern China, respectively. A total of 29 species were detected, the three most frequently isolated NTM belonged to Mycobacterium abscessus complex (36.0%, 95% CI, 33.3 to 38.7), Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (34.1%, 95% CI, 29.1 to 39.5), Mycobacterium kansasii (9.8%, 95% CI, 8.1 to 11.4), respectively. Clarithromycin and amikacin were showed lower resistant rates to NTM in vitro. Conclusions: The southeastern region should be paid more attention to NTM pulmonary disease. More rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM) were present in southern China than the northern (P < 0.001). Considering clear correlations between in vitro activity and the in vivo outcomes of treatment, macrolides and amikacin were recommended in NTM treatment in China.
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage After COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Muhammad Sajjad , Naderi Soheil , Ahmadi Mostafa , Ghorbani Askar , Hänggi Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 virus infection leads to a severe and dysbalanced inflammatory response with hypercytokinemia and immunodepression. Systemic inflammation due to viral infections can potentially cause vascular damage including disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and alterations in coagulation system that may also lead to cardiovascular and neurovascular events. Here, we report the first case of COVID-19 infection leading to aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Case DescriptionA 61-year-old woman presented with dyspnea, cough and fever. She was over weight with Body mass-index of 34 and history of hypertension. No history of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the family. She was admitted in ICU due to low oxygen saturation (89%). A chest CT showed typical picture of COVID-19 pneumonia. Oropharyngeal swab with a PCR-based testing was COVID-19 positive. She was prescribed with favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine in Addition to oxygen support. On second day she experienced sudden headache and losst conciousness. A computer tomography (CT) with CT-angiography revealed subarachnoid haemorrhage in basal cisterns from a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. The aneurysm was clipped microsurgically through a standard pterional approach and the patient was admitted again to intensive care unit for further intensive medical treatment. Post-operative the patient showed slight motor dysphasia. No other neurological deficits.ConclusionAneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage secondary to COVID-19 infection might be triggered by systemic inflammation. COVID-19 infection could be one of the risk factors leading to instability and rupture of intracranial aneurysm.
Development of the Hausa Version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation in Mixed Urban and Rural Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Ibrahim Aminu A. , Akindele Mukadas O. , Kaka Bashir , Mukhtar Naziru B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Catastrophizing has been recognized as an important contributor to chronicity in individuals with chronic pain syndromes including low back pain (LBP). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is perhaps the most widely used questionnaire to evaluate the degree of pain catastrophizing. However, its use is limited in Hausa-speaking countries due to the lack of a validated translated version.Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the PCS into Hausa (Hausa-PCS) and evaluate its psychometric properties in mixed urban and rural patients with chronic LBP.Methods: The original PCS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Hausa in accordance with established guidelines. To evaluate psychometric properties, a consecutive sample of 200 patients with chronic LBP was recruited from urban and rural Nigerian hospitals. Validity was evaluated by exploring content validity (skewness and item-total correlation), factorial structure (exploratory factor analysis [EFA] and confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]), concurrent validity (Spearman’s rho) and known-groups validity. Reliability was evaluated by calculating internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC) and limits of agreement with 95% confidence interval (LOA95%).Results: The Hausa-PCS demonstrated good face and content validity. Both EFA and CFA confirmed a 3-factor structure similar to the original English version. The concurrent validity was supported as 83% (5/6) of the a priori hypotheses were confirmed. Known-groups comparison showed that the questionnaire was unable to differentiate between male and female or urban and rural patients (p > 0.05). Internal consistency and ICC was adequate for the Hausa-PCS total score (α = 0.84; ICC = 0.90) and the subscale helplessness (α = 0.78; ICC = 0.89) but for the subscales rumination (α = 0.69; ICC =0.68) and magnification (α = 0.41; ICC = 0.43). The LOA95% for the Hausa-PCS total score was between –8.10 and +9.75, with SEM and MDC of 3.47 and 9.62 respectively. Conclusion: The Hausa-PCS was successfully developed and psychometrically adequate in terms of factorial structure, concurrent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability when applied in mixed urban and rural patients with chronic LBP. However, the internal consistency and reliability coefficients (ICC) for the individual subscales are questionable. Thus, we support the use of the total score when evaluating pain catastrophizing for clinical or research purposes.
Increased Leukotriene B4 Plasma Concentration in Type 2 Diabetes Individuals with Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: NEVES JOSE ANTONIO JANUARIO , DE MATOS MOZÂNIA REIS , RAMALHO THERESA , SANTOS-BEZERRA DANIELE PEREIRA , CAVALCANTE CRISTIANE DAS GRAÇAS DIAS , ALPINO RENATA D’ , QUEIROZ MÁRCIA SILVA , JANCAR SONIA , CORREA-GIANNELLA MARIA LUCIA 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and Aim: A low-grade inflammation is associated with cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and increased concentration of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was found in individuals with type 1 diabetes and definitive CAN. This study evaluated plasma concentration of LTB4 and of other inflammatory mediators, namely, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)1B, and IL10 in individuals with T2D and different degrees of CAN, and correlated these inflammatory mediators with the degree of glycemic control and with a surrogate marker of insulin resistance. Methods: TNF, IL1B, IL10 and LTB4 plasma concentrations were measured in 129 T2D subjects (62% women with [median] age of 63 years, disease duration of 8 years and HbA1c of 7.3%) with or without CAN. The Lipid accumulation product (LAP) index was used as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance. Results TNF and LTB4 concentrations were higher in the group with definitive CAN while IL10 concentration was lower in this group versus those without definitive CAN. After adjustment for confounding variables, only LTB4 concentration remained significantly different. Plasma concentration of LTB4 did not correlate with the degree of glycemic control. After sorting the participants by sex, a borderline weak correlation was found between LTB4 and LAP in women. Conclusion: In the T2D setting, circulating LTB4 concentration seems to be associated with cardiovascular dysautonomia.
Safety and Efficacy of the META-TAN in Femoral Shaft Fractures: A Retrospective Case Series of 33 Patients
Authors: De Leon Jorge Clint , Dang Khang H , Tye Cooper Benjamin , Breinholt Connor Scott , Karia Ravi A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Despite advances in femoral shaft fracture fixation, the nonunion rate remains relatively high; and there is limited data on the efficacy and failure rate of specific implants. The Smith & Nephew TRIGEN META-TAN provides the ability to treat femur shaft fractures in isolation, with associated ipsilateral femur injuries, and provides various options for proximal and distal fixation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the early failure rate of the META-TAN, while comparing the nonunion rate to what is currently presented in the literature. This study is the first of its kind in evaluation of a specific implant for treatment of femoral shaft fractures and ipsilateral pathology.Material and Methods: Patients over 18 years of age, with traumatic femur shaft fractures, treated with the META-TAN and available for a minimum of 3-month follow-up were included for analysis. Data was collected by retrospective chart review and review of existing radiographs. Demographic data, injury details, AO/OTA fracture classification, and implant details were recorded for each patient. Primary outcome measured was implant failures (screw or nail breakage). Secondary outcomes measured included malunion, nonunion, deep infection, post-operative complications, and need for reoperation.Results: Of the 33 patients included for analysis, 1 patient went on to non-union. There were no cases of implant failure. The single nonunion was a high-energy mechanism, open fracture, and higher level AO/OTA classification. The remaining 32 reached radiographic union at 3 months. Conclusion: The nonunion rate of the META-TAN nail is comparable to what is reported in the literature. The META-TAN is a safe and effective implant to treat femoral shaft fractures with a variety of ipsilateral femoral shaft injuries and reliably leads fracture union. Further studies are needed analyzing implant failure and comparing specific implants.
Perceived Stigma in Epilepsy Patients in a Low Income Country; Ethiopia: A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence and Related Factors.
Authors: Necho Mogesie , Birkie Mengesha , Gedamu Sisay , Birhan Tesfaye 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The presence of perceived stigma hinders epilepsy patients from help-seeking behavior and diminishes adherence to medical follow up. Despite this, the limitation of aggregate evidence regarding the prevalence and associated factors of perceived stigma existed in Ethiopia. Methods: Our search for eligible articles was accompanied in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and African Index Medicus. An additional manual search by the enumeration of the reference list of other articles was done. We used stata-11 and random-effects models to obtain the average prevalence of perceived stigma. Heterogeneity was assured with the Higgs I2 test and Cochran's Q- statistic. Sensitivity analysis and sub-grouping analyses were done. Qualitative checks for symmetry in funnel plot and quantitative description of Egger's test were done to check a publication bias.Results: Of 1524 articles identified by the electronic and manual search, only 10 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and included in the analysis. The average prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be 43.79% (95% CI: 31.84, 55.75). The prevalence of perceived stigma varies across the measurement tool used, study location, and year of publication. The average prevalence of perceived stigma in studies measured with the modified FIS scale was 76.3%; higher than those studies measured with the Kilifi stigma scale; 33.63% and three-item stigma scale; 39.5%. Besides, the average prevalence of stigma was higher in Amhara (53.2 %) and the Oromia region (52.2%). Studies published before 2016 provide higher perceived stigma (56.26 %) than studies published after 2016 (35.47%). Our qualitative analysis revealed that rural residence, low level of education and income, age groups of 18 to 24 years, frequent seizure occurrence, contagion believe regarding epilepsy, duration of epilepsy from 1-10 years, depression and anxiety co-morbidity were among the associated factors with perceived stigma in people with epilepsy.Conclusion: The average prevalence of perceived stigma in people with epilepsy was high and varies across study location, measurement tool, and study's publication year. Management of epilepsy should focus on the stigma component besides the biological intervention.
Structured ICU Resource Management in a Pandemic is Associated with Good Outcome in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Klein Sebastian J , Bellmann Romuald , Dejaco Hannes , Eschertzhuber Stephan , Fries Dietmar , Furtwängler Wilhelm , Gasteiger Lukas , Hasibeder Walter , Helbok Raimund , Hochhold Christoph , Hofer Stefanie , Kirchmair Lukas , Krismer Christoph , Ladner Eugen , Lehner Georg F , Mathis Simon , Mayr Andreas , Mittermayr Markus , Peer Andreas , Hernández Christian Preuß , Reitter Bruno , Ströhle Mathias , Swoboda Michael , Thomé Claudius , Joannidis Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction On February 25th, 2020, the first two patients were tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Tyrol, Austria. Based on alarming reports from the neighboring region Lombardy in Italy, rapid measures were taken to ensure adequate intensive care unit (ICU) preparedness for a surge of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Methods A coordinated county wide step-up approach ensured adequate ICU bed availability for COVID-19 patients avoiding shortage of mechanical ventilation capacity. All patients admitted to an ICU with confirmed or strongly suspected COVID-19 in the region of Tyrol, Austria were recorded in the Tyrolean COVID-19 Intensive Care Registry. Data were censored on July 17th, 2020.Results From March 9th, 2020 to July 17th, 2020, 106 critically ill patients with COVID-19 were admitted to an ICU. Median age was 64 (interquartile range [IQR], 54-74) years and the majority of patients were male (76 patients [71.7%]). Median simplified acute physiology score III (SAPS III) was 56 (IQR, 49-64) points. The median duration from appearance of first symptoms to ICU admission was 8 (IQR, 5-11) days. Frequently observed comorbidities were arterial hypertension in 71 patients (67.0%), cardiovascular (45 patients [42.5%]) and renal comorbidities (21 patients [19.8%]). Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 72 patients (67.9%), 6 patients (5.6%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment. Renal replacement therapy was necessary in 21 patients (19.8%). Median ICU length of stay (LOS) was 18 (IQR, 5-31) days, median hospital LOS was 27 (IQR, 13-49) days.ICU mortality was 21.7% (23 patients), while only one patient (0.9%) died after ICU discharge on a general ward (hospital mortality 22,6%). As of July 17th, 2020, two patients are still hospitalized, one in an ICU, one on a general ward.Conclusions Critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to an ICU in the region of Tyrol, Austria, showed a high severity of disease often requiring complex treatments with increased lengths of ICU- and hospital stay. Despite that, we found ICU and hospital mortality in this cohort to be remarkably low. Adaptive surge response providing sufficient ICU resources presumably has contributed to the overall favorable outcome.
Person-centred Quality, Provider Involvement and Family Planning Continuation in India
Authors: Diamond-Smith Nadia , Phillips Beth , Afulani Patience , Srivast Aradhana , Golub Ginger , Sudhinaraset May 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Quality of care of family planning provision has many dimensions, and measuring and understanding these different components is challenging. Furthermore, understanding which components are most important for women’s experiences and method continuation is essential for improving the quality of care provision. Methods: We use longitudinal data from India to explore the impact of different measures of quality (provider preference, provider involvement, and a newly developed scale of person-centered care experiences) on method continuation. We also look at associations between the quality measures and discuss why different measures may be more salient in different contexts. Results: We find that a woman’s person-centered care experience is not associated with continuation in India. Providers having a strong preference is associated with continuation. Conclusions: Certain measures of person-centered quality appear to impact family planning continuation, but the validated person-centered care measure is not. Socio-cultural factors such as power dynamics and gender norms likely impact expectations, and need to be considered in interpreting and choosing quality measures.
Point-of-care ultrasound for COVID-19 pneumonia patients in the ICU
Authors: bitar zouheir , Shamsah Mohammed , Bamasood Omar , Maadrani Ossama , foudri Huda Al 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPoint-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has a major role in the management of patients with acute hypoxic respiratory and circulatory failure and guides hemodynamic management. There is scarce literature on POCUS assessment characteristics in COVID-19 pneumonia with hypoxic respiratory failure.MethodsThe study is an observational, prospective, single‐center study conducted in the intensive care unit of Adan General Hospital from May 1st, 2020, to June 25, 2020. The study included adults suspected to have COVID-19 transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) with fever or suspected respiratory infection. Patients were transferred to the ICU directly from the ED or general medical wards after reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. A certified intensivist in critical care ultrasound who was blinded to the RT-PCR results, if available at the time of examination, performed the lung ultrasound and echocardiology within 12 hours of the patient’s admission to the ICU. We calculated the E/e’, E/A ratio, left ventricular ejection fraction EF, IVC diameter, RV size and systolic function. We performed ultrasound in 12 chest areas.ResultsOf 92 patients with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia, 77 (84%) cases were confirmed. The median age of the patients was 53 (82-36) years, and 71 (77%) were men.In the group of patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia, echocardiographic findings showed normal E/e’, deceleration time (DT), and transmittal E/A ratio in comparison to the non-COVID19 patients (P .001 for both). The IVC diameter was <2 cm with > 50% collapsibility in 62 (81%) patients with COVID-19 pneumonia; a diameter of > 2 cm and < 50% collapsibility in all patients, with a P value of 0.001, was detected among those with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. There were 3 cases of myocarditis with poor EF (5.5%), severe RV dysfunction was seen in 9 cases (11.6%), and 3 cases showed RV thrombus.Chest US revealed four signs suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia in 77 patients (98.6%) (sensitivity 96.9%, CI 85%‐99.5%) when compared with RT-PCR results.ConclusionPOCUS plays an important role in bedside diagnosis, hemodynamic assessment and management of patients with acute hypoxic respiratory and circulatory failure in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Cost-effectiveness and Diet Quality in a 3-year Follow-up of a Randomised Controlled Trial (The BALANCE trial)
Authors: Torreglosa Camila Ragne , Sarti Flávia Mori , Ferreira Ângela Cristine Bersch , Weber Bernardete , Santos Renato Hideo Nakagawa , Silvestrini Murilo Mazzotti , Filho Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: A healthy diet is essential to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. However, recent studies lack conclusive evidence on the affordability of cardioprotective diets worldwide. The Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial (BALANCE Program) is a randomized multicenter clinical trial that proposes regionally adapted cardioprotective diet that achieves nutritional recommendations and incorporates accessible and affordable foods. The study aim is to analyze cost-effectiveness of the BALANCE Program in comparison to generic dietary advice for individuals, based on diet costs and nutritional quality among patients with high adherence to the study protocol in both control and intervention groups.Methods: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of subsample from the BALANCE Program (1,161 individuals with previous event of CVD and high adherence to study protocol enrolled in 35 research sites throughout Brazil) after a 3-year follow-up. Direct costs and nutritional quality of diets reported by participants were estimated at the individual level. Diet costs were based on market prices collected from five major supermarket chains. Effectiveness was measured in terms of diet quality, according to adherence to the Brazilian Health Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R). Mean differences were compared between groups using generalized estimating equation. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to comprise probabilistic sensitivity analysis regarding trends in the comparison between groups.Results: At baseline, mean direct diet costs were equal (U$3.9/day), and there were small differences in BHEI-R between groups (53.5 points in BALANCE Program, and 51.8 points in control group). After the 3-year follow-up, the intervention was associated with a mean cost saving of U$0.31/day (95%CI: -0.59; -0.04) and mean BHEI-R increase of 4.38 (95%CI: 2.81; 5.95). Conclusion: The intervention was dominant strategy in terms of cost-effectiveness due to higher effectiveness at lower costs in comparison with the control group.Conclusions: There was a statistically significant effect of the intervention regarding increase in diet quality and reduction in cost after 3 years compared to the control group. The BALANCE intervention may be an option to improve diet quality with lower costs among Brazilians with CVD.Trial registration: NCT, NCT01620398. Registered June 15, 2012. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01620398