bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiological role of metabolic flexibility on metabolic health
Authors: Galgani Jose E. , Fernández‐Verdejo Rodrigo 
Published: August 2020

SummaryGlucose, fatty acids, and amino acids among others are oxidized to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These fuels are supplied from the environment (through food intake) and internal depots (through lipolysis, glycogenolysis, and proteolysis) at different rates throughout the day. Complex adaptive systems permit to accommodate fuel oxidation according to fuel availability. This capacity of a cell, tissue, or organism to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability is defined as metabolic flexibility (MetF). There are conditions, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, in which MetF seems to be impaired. The observation that those conditions are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction has set the basis to propose a link between mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic inflexibility, and metabolic health. We here highlight the evidence about the notion that MetF influences metabolic health.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the maxilla: Prognosis of oral surgery combined with endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Park Jung‐Hyun , Alfafara Angenine Marie , Park Young Long , Bae Jung‐Ho , Kim Sun‐Jong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) on the resolution of maxillary medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).Patients and MethodsThis study included 62 patients diagnosed with MRONJ in the maxillary posterior area with or without maxillary sinusitis (MS). All patients underwent oral surgery. The concomitant MS was evaluated, and if indicated, FESS was performed on the same operation. Follow‐up included clinical and radiological examinations at 4 months postoperation.ResultsOf the 62 patients, 24 (38.7%) showed no evidence of MS and 38 (61.3%) showed MS. Advanced MRONJ (stage 3), which has bony destruction of the sinus floor and signs of MS according to its definition, was seen in 27 patients (43.5%). In stage 3 MRONJ, patients with combined treatment of oral surgery and FESS compared to those treated with oral surgery alone showed higher percentage of resolution (84.2%, 37.5%, respectively) at 4 months postoperatively, and the results were statistically significant.ConclusionSimultaneous management of MRONJ and sinusitis with combined treatment of oral surgery and FESS for the treatment of maxillary MRONJ can be an effective method, especially for advanced cases, to address its associated lesions.
Using of deferasirox and deferoxamine in refractory iron overload thalassemia
Authors: Takpradit Chayamon , Viprakasit Vip , Narkbunnam Nattee , Vathana Nassawee , Phuakpet Kamon , Pongtanakul Bunchoo , Sanpakit Kleebsabai , Buaboonnam Jassada 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIron overload is a major complication of transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (TDT) and requires iron chelation (IC) therapy. However, a combination therapy may be required for patients responding poorly to monotherapy.MethodsNine TDT patients previously treated with IC were enrolled; five patients were previously treated with deferasirox (DFX) twice daily. The dose of DFX was 20–40 mg/kg/day, while the dose of deferoxamine (DFO) was 18–40 mg/kg/day for 3–6 days/week.ResultsAt the 6‐ and 12‐month time points, six and eight patients demonstrated decreased serum ferritin levels, with median reductions of 707 ng/mL (range, 1,653–5,444 ng/mL) and 1,129 ng/mL (range, 1,781–7,725 ng/mL) compared to the baseline, respectively. Eight patients also had a reduced liver iron concentration (LIC), with a median reduction of 3.9 mg/g dry wt (range, 8.3–11.1 mg/g dry wt). Of the five patients treated with DFX twice daily, four responded to combination therapy. All responsive patients could finally stop DFO after the decline in LIC. Moreover, there were no treatment‐related complications.ConclusionThe combination of DFX and DFO proved to be effective and without significant toxicities for TDT patients who had been unresponsive to standard IC therapy. Further studies with a larger cohort size and long‐term follow‐up are warranted to elucidate the efficacy of the combination.
The effect of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy on antinuclear antibody status: A case‐control study
Authors: Kutlu Omer , Ozdemir Cetinkaya Pınar , Karaosmanoglu Nermin , Karaaslan Engin , Kiratli Nalbant Esra , Eksioglu Meral 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNarrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy has become a widely used, standard treatment modality in dermatology. The effect of 8‐methoxypsoralen plus ultraviolet A on antinuclear antibody (ANA) formation has been investigated extensively, but there are very scarce data about the potential risk of NB‐UVB phototherapy inducing production of ANAs. The aims of this study were evaluation of ANA status before and after NB‐UVB treatment and comparison of ANA status with the healthy control group.MethodsPhototherapy unit database was used to identify patients who had received whole body NB‐UVB treatment. Analyses of ANA were performed twice in the study group that were before initiation of the NB‐UVB phototherapy and after cessation of the therapy. Also, ANAs were screened in the control group.ResultsA total of 95 patients (50 males and 45 females; mean age: 43.03 ± 13.40) treated with NB‐UVB radiation and 90 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were included in the study. Thirteen patients (13.7%) were found to develop ANAs at the end of the treatment. ANA positivity was significantly more common in patients after phototherapy than in patients before phototherapy and than in the control group. None of the patients in the positive ANA group was diagnosed with any connective tissue diseases.ConclusionThis study revealed that ANA positivity increased after NB‐UVB phototherapy. However, it did not provide evidence for increased connective tissue disease risk. Therefore, ANA might not need to be routinely checked before treatment unless the patients have signs and symptoms indicating autoimmune diseases.
Genotypic and phenotypic distinctness of restored and indigenous populations of Pimpinella saxifraga L. 8 or more years after restoration
Authors: Gemeinholzer B. , Reiker J. , Müller C. M. , Wissemann V. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The recovery of altered or damaged ecosystems demands large‐scale reintroductions of seeds. In the past, ecological restoration in Germany was carried out with non‐local seeds of naturally occurring species. We here analysed whether the genetic pattern of the introduced non‐local seeds (R = restored) of Pimpinella saxifraga are still detectable several years after application and whether the phenotype differs from that of the regional gene pool (I = indigenous) of the species.

We collected material from individuals of R and I sites, conducted a common garden experiment and tested for genetic, morphological and phenotypic differences. In a cutting experiment we investigate treatment effects on indigenous and restored populations.

At all investigated sites we only found P. saxifraga individuals with comparatively similar genome sizes. The population genetic analysis revealed two large and quite distinct molecular clusters, separating indigenous and restored individuals along the first axis. None of the vegetative, but two of the reproductive fitness parameters differed between individuals of the R and I sites. Cutting always had a significant influence on all analysed vegetative and reproductive fitness parameters, regardless of the individuals' origin. The effects of mowing always mask origin‐specific characteristics, which then disappear.

Genotypic coexistence reduces the availability of niches for the local genotype and may eventually lead to genotypic competition or introgression. We therefore recommend not to use non‐local genotypes of this species in the region. Instead, we recommend using the genetically diverse local genotypes of P. saxifraga for restoration purposes.
Responses of Phragmites australis to copper stress: A combined analysis of plant morphology, physiology and proteomics
Authors: Wu J. , Hu J. , Wang L. , Zhao L. , Ma F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Few relevant research attempts have been made to determine heavy metal resistance mechanisms of rhizomatous perennial plants. Thus, it is pertinent to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes in Phragmites australis under metal‐stressed conditions to facilitate the development of strategies to enhance copper (Cu) tolerance.

We measured parameters related to plant growth and development, metal translocation and physiological responses of P. australis subjected to Cu stress. In addition, the differentially expressed proteins (DEP) were evaluated using the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) system.

A large amount of copper accumulates in the roots of P.australis, but the growth parameters were not sensitive to Cu. However, the high concentration of Cu reduced the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and the expression of important photosynthesis proteins PsbD, PsbO and PsaA were all down‐regulated, so photosynthesis was inhibited. In contrast, the content of ascorbic acid and proline both increased with the increase of copper stress.

P.australis fixed a large amount of Cu in its roots, limiting the migration of Cu to other parts of the plant. Moreover, Cu stress can affect photosynthesis by inhibiting the activity of PSI, PSII and LHCII. In addition, P.australis synthesizes ascorbic acid through the D‐mannose/L‐galactose pathway, and synthesizes proline through the ornithine pathway. Ascorbic acid and proline can increase Cu tolerance and protect photosynthesis. These results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the tolerance and repair mechanisms of plants in response to heavy metal pollution.
Coevolution of Networks and Beliefs in U.S. Environmental Risk Policy
Authors: Henry Adam Douglas , Dietz Thomas , Sweeney Robin L. 
Published: August 2020

Networks are an important part of the environmental policy process as they influence the ability of actors to synthesize information and learn to manage complex risks. According to the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the dynamics of policy network formation lead to structures exhibiting belief‐oriented segregation—that is, a high correspondence between shared beliefs and policy‐relevant interactions. These structures may be produced through at least two pathways: belief homophily, where actors actively seek out connections with others sharing their belief system, and policy‐oriented learning, where connected actors become more similar in their beliefs. The cross‐sectional design of much policy research does not allow an examination of these potentially complementary forces that shape belief systems and networks. These dynamics are studied using data on policy beliefs and networking in the U.S. environmental risk policy subsystem across two time periods, 1985 and 2000 (N = 223). Results indicate strong homophily effects, but relatively weak learning effects in the evolution of this policy network. This study helps pave the way for additional research on the dynamics shaping policy networks and beliefs, and helps to clarify the differences between individual versus organizational contributions to policy network evolution.
Personality and health literacy among community‐dwelling older adults living in Japan
Authors: Iwasa Hajime , Yoshida Yuko 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that health behaviours may be one of the major mechanisms underlying the relationship between personality and health outcomes. Such health behaviours may be established by consciousness toward one's health that include health literacy. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between health literacy and its correlates, including personality, among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study with 683 older individuals (aged 60–84 years; 326 men and 357 women). A questionnaire was used to assess health literacy, personality, socioeconomic status, health status, and lifestyles. Health literacy was measured using the Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Scale, which is a self‐report questionnaire comprising five items assessing degrees of health literacy. The Big Five personality traits were measured using the Japanese version of the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory. Other variables were measured as factors associated with health literacy, including age, gender, education, subjective economic status, social isolation, chronic diseases, functional capacity, smoking and drinking.ResultsMultiple regression analysis showed that education (β = 0.10), subjective economic status (β = −0.09), social isolation (β = −0.08), functional dependence (β = −0.22), neuroticism, (β = −0.08), extraversion (β = 0.10), openness (β = 0.17), and conscientiousness (β = 0.09) were independently and significantly associated with health literacy (coefficient of determination = 0.28).ConclusionsThis study found significant and independent associations of personality, socioeconomic status, and health status with health literacy. These results may help facilitate the development of efficient strategies to improve health status by promoting health literacy in community‐dwelling older adults.
NEPA and National Trends in Federal Infrastructure Siting in the United States
Authors: Scott Tyler Andrew , Ulibarri Nicola , Perez Figueroa Omar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe United States' National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal agencies to use environmental impact assessment tools to aggregate scientific information, garner stakeholder input, and weigh alternatives for infrastructure siting and operations decisions.Thus, NEPA plays a sweeping role in federal infrastructure provisioning. Using a comprehensive dataset of Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) prepared under NEPA from 2013 to 2019, we use natural language processing to identify geographic locations and artificial neural networks to classify discussed environmental impacts. We then describe geographic, temporal, and environmental trends in federal infrastructure provisioning. Finally, we use Bayesian hierarchical regression to assess how socio‐economic and demographic covariates shape county‐level EIS counts. Numerous federal agencies are involved in EIS production, but three agencies author the majority of EISs. Total EISs issued annually have declined since the early 2000s. EISs are more frequent in urban coastal counties, but do not show clear distributive trends by income or race.
Differentiation in Economic Costs and Returns from Living with Wildlife in Namibian Community Conservancies
Authors: Nattrass Nicoli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is substantial differentiation across Namibian community conservancies in the costs and returns from living with wildlife. Real returns rose between 1998 and 2017, albeit unevenly. Those bordering national parks, and with higher game counts, earned more. Large livestock predators (lion, leopard, hyaena, cheetah, wild dog) had the greatest impact on human–wildlife conflict costs across all regions. As of 2017, more than a fifth of conservancies had higher estimated costs than economic returns from hunting and tourism. More resources are required to support Namibian conservancies if this is to be a sustainable model, especially as coronavirus limits international travel.
Behavioral and dental management of a patient with Tatton‐Brown‐Rahman syndrome: Case report
Authors: Paz‐Alegría María‐Camila , Gómez‐Forero Dominique , Osorio‐Patiño Julio , Jaramillo‐Echeverry Adriana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo present a clinical case of a patient with Tatton‐Brown‐Rahman syndrome, to provide evidence of the importance of supplying patients with appropriate dental care, emphasizing in behavioral management.Study designClinical case report.ResultsThis 7‐year‐old child, had a history of persistent ductus arteriousus, autism spectrum behavior, language disorders, dyslalias, hearing disorder, hypotonic musculature, and joint hyperlaxity. The main facial and oral diagnoses were dolichocephaly, convex profile, atypical swallowing, mixed breathing, class II malocclusion, mandibular retrognathism, maxillary prognathism, caries lesions, and biofilm associated gingivitis. A comprehensive treatment was carried out from the stage of adaptation to dental care, control of dental biofilm, motivation, and teaching of oral hygiene with appropriate strategies to the child's age and cognitive abilities. Also, resin restorations, habits management and malocclusion with the use of the modified upper and lower Sanders orthopedic device. The child began with a definitely negative behavior at dental appointments, and evolved to negative on Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale.ConclusionDentists must manage behavior management protocols, in order to avoid situations of rejection of treatment in patients with TBRS, and thus avoid sedation or general anesthesia. Prevention is the priority for these patients supported by recreational‐educational strategies.
Impacted family equality, self‐confidence and loneliness: a cross‐sectional study of first‐time and multi‐time fathers’ satisfaction with prenatal and postnatal father groups in Sweden
Authors: Wells Michael B. , Kerstis Birgitta , Andersson Ewa 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundFathers often feel secondary or invisible in traditional parent groups. Gender‐specific parent groups, referred to as father groups, may be inclusive spaces for fathers to discuss their transition into parenthood.ObjectiveTo quantitatively assess fathers’ perceptions and satisfaction of father groups in Sweden during the prenatal and postnatal periods.MethodA cross‐sectional quantitative study design was used to report fathers’ satisfaction of father groups, including how the groups impacted their personal outcomes, as well as their relationship with their partner and child. Further analyses were completed on if their depressive symptoms, via EPDS, and/or parity affected their satisfaction and personal outcomes.Setting and participantsFathers were recruited through father group leaders, who then provided the researchers with their contact information. In total, 87 fathers were contacted via email and 67 fathers from two geographical areas, including urban and suburban settings, completed the survey.FindingsMost fathers had a university education, a good household economy and were married/cohabiting, while almost 60% were first‐time fathers and almost 25% had depressive symptoms. Overall, fathers were generally satisfied with both the prenatal and postnatal father groups, although fathers attended prenatal father groups to a lesser extent. The participants rated the father groups as moderately impacting their equality in the family, self‐confidence, feelings of loneliness, social network and being able to express their own opinions, as well as positively affected their relationship with their partner and child, respectively. While there were no differences based on fathers’ parity, those who self‐estimated depressive symptoms were less satisfied and rated the father groups less impactfully. Father groups may help encourage fathers to meet policy goals, such as childrearing equality, and can be an important arena for screening fathers for depression.
The U‐Shape of Income Inequality over the 20th Century: The Role of Education*
Authors: Prettner Klaus , Schaefer Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose an overlapping generations model with three social classes to investigate the effects of higher education on the evolution of inequality. Initially, no social class invests in higher education, and inequality is driven by wealth accumulation/bequests. Once the rich surpass a certain income threshold, they invest in higher education and their children's incomes start to grow faster. Over time, the middle class and, potentially, the poor follow suit. Overall, this framework provides a candidate explanation for (i) the U‐shaped evolution of income inequality, (ii) the fall and rise of inheritance flows, and (iii) differential investments in higher education.
A multivariate multilevel analysis of youth motor competence. The Peruvian Health and Optimist Growth Study
Authors: dos Santos Carla Sofia Pinho , Bustamante Alcibíades , Hedeker Donald , Vasconcelos Olga , Garganta Rui , Tani Go , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Maia José 
Published: August 2020

We use a multivariate multilevel model to study the links between physical fitness (PF) and gross motor coordination (GMC) and investigate the influence of predictors affecting their levels across age. We sampled 7918 Peruvians, aged 6‐15 years, from sea‐level, Amazon region and high‐altitude. Composite markers of GMC and PF were derived (GMCz and PFz, respectively). BMI, biological maturation, and stunting were assessed. School characteristics were obtained via an objective audit. School contexts explained 35% of the associations between PFz and GMCz, whereas children's characteristics explained 65% of the total variation. On average, with increasing age, there was a greater increase in GMCz (β = 0.79 ± 0.04, P < .001) than in PFz (β = 0.15 ± 0.03, P < .001); boys outperformed girls (PFz, β = 3.25 ± 0.08, P < .001; GMCz, β = 1.58 ± 0.09, P < .001); those with lower BMI and ahead in their maturation had higher PFz (β = −0.13 ± 0.01, P < .001; β = 1.09 ± 0.05, P < .001, respectively) and GMCz (β = −0.18 ± 0.01, P < .001; β = 0.39 ± 0.06, P < .001, respectively) levels. Stunting was negatively related to PFz (β = −0.30 ± 0.07; P < .001) and GMCz (β = −0.30 ± 0.08, P < .001) and high‐altitude Peruvians had significantly lower GMCz (β = −0.93 ± 0.33, P < .001), and those living in the Amazon region had significantly higher PFz (β = 1.21 ± 0.58, P < .001) compared to those living at sea level. A higher number of students was negatively related to PFz (β = −0.016 ± 0.006, P < .001) and positively with GMCz (β = 0.005 ± 0.003, P < .001); the duration of physical education classes was positively associated with PFz (β = 0.70 ± 0.32, P < .001) and GMCz (β = 0.46 ± 0.15, P < .001); and the existence of policies for physical activity was only negatively associated with GMCz (β = −1.17 ± 0.34, P < .001). In conclusion, PFz and GMCz were positively correlated and child‐ and school‐level traits predicted their levels.
Black midwifery in the United States: Past, present, and future
Authors: Suarez Alicia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile sociologists have long explored health and illness, much of it has been androcentric and White‐centered. Scholars began to focus more on women's health including pregnancy and birth in the 1970s yet have historically largely ignored Black women's birth experiences. Midwifery in the United States was once the standard practice for prenatal care and birth. However, the vast majority of births have been medicalized and now occur in hospital settings. In this review, I will highlight the role of race in the historical shifts in the provision of care to Black pregnant and birthing women, the marginalization of Black midwives historically and currently, medical racism, outcomes of laws in the 20th century, the voices of Black midwives and mothers, the activism of radical Black birth organizations and finally, how increasing access to midwifery care may help to address current racialized crises in maternal and infant mortality. Midwifery care typically leads to excellent physical and emotional outcomes for low‐risk mothers and infants, and reduces reliance on medical interventions. As the United States currently has alarming racialized rates of maternal and infant mortality despite vast medicalization, there is much to consider about increasing access to midwifery care in the United States.