bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flower‐like FeS Coated with Heteroatom (S,N)‐Doped Carbon as Highly Active and Durable Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Yuan Yao , Li Rongrong , Thomas Tiju , Chen Jian , Yang Minghui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeveloping viable substitutes for noble metal electrocatalysts is an important activity, since it enables the movement to a cleaner energy future. Few FeS‐based catalysts have been reported as an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst in the past and it does not have the combination of stability, conductivity and reactivity that makes it a viable option. Here, flower‐like FeS covered by ultrathin S,N co‐doped carbon layer (FeS@C) displays outstanding electrocatalytic ORR performance in alkaline media. The optimum FeS@C‐800 sample outperforms undoped commercial FeS and standard Pt/C catalysts with a high positive half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.80 V vs. RHE), high limiting current density (6.4 mA cm−2), complete 4‐electron reduction, superior tolerance to methanol and excellent durability towards ORR. The S,N co‐doped carbon layers could not only enhance the conductivity and durability, but also further contribute to the improvement of ORR activity through synergistic effect with FeS. The FeS@C also promotes performance as the air cathode in a Zn‐air battery, which exhibits higher power density than Pt/C. Hence the reported catalyst holds prospects for use as a high performance electrocatalyst for ORR.
Redox Electrolytes for Hybrid Type II Electrochromic Devices with Fe−MEPE or Ni1−xO as Electrode Materials
Authors: Niklaus Lukas , Schott Marco , Posset Uwe , Giffin Guinevere A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of redox electrolytes in electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on cathodically coloring metallopolymers (MEPEs) and various redox mediators, including potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)/(III) (KHCF(II)/(III)), ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc0/+) and tetramethyl thiourea/tetramethylformaminium disulfide (TMTU/TMFDS2+), was investigated. By decreasing the concentration of KHCF(III) in the electrolyte, it was possible to significantly reduce the loss current. Although the unpleasant yellow tint could be diminished with lower concentrations, Prussian blue (PB, Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3) was formed during cycling. Fc0/+ and TMTU/TMFDS2+ were studied as the basis of alternative redox electrolytes and characterized in terms of their electrochemical and optical properties. The maximum visible light transmittance changes (Δτv) of 50 % and 48 % were reached with the MEPE reference ECD and the MEPE‐ECD with 0.001 M TMTU/TMFDS2+, respectively. Finally, an ECD combining an anodically coloring non‐stoichiometric nickel oxide (Ni1−xO) electrode with a TMTU/TMFDS2+ (molar ratio: 1/0.1) containing electrolyte exhibits a maximum Δτv of 32 %, with τv ranging from 38 % in the dark state to 70 % in the bright state. These results imply that incorporating redox mediators into the electrolyte provides a straightforward and effective means of simplifying device structures and improving the performance of ECDs based on MEPEs and metal oxides.
Residential segregation and overall survival of women with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Westrick Ashly C. , Bailey Zinzi D. , Schlumbrecht Matthew , Hlaing WayWay M. , Kobetz Erin E. , Feaster Daniel J. , Balise Raymond R. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, the etiology of survival disparities in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is not fully understood. Residential segregation, both economic and racial, remains a problem within the United States. The objective of the current study was to analyze the effect of residential segregation as measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) on EOC survival in Florida by race and/or ethnicity.MethodsAll malignant EOC cases were identified from 2001 through 2015 using the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS). Census‐defined places were used as proxies for neighborhoods. Using 5‐year estimates from the American Community Survey, 5 ICE variables were computed: economic (high vs low), race and/or ethnicity (non‐Hispanic white [NHW] vs non‐Hispanic black [NHB] and NHW vs Hispanic), and racialized economic segregation (low‐income NHB vs high‐income NHW and low‐income Hispanic vs high‐income NHW). Random effects frailty models were conducted.ResultsA total of 16,431 malignant EOC cases were diagnosed in Florida among women living in an assigned census‐defined place within the time period. The authors found that economic and racialized economic residential segregations influenced EOC survival more than race and/or ethnic segregation alone in both NHB and Hispanic women. NHB women continued to have an increased hazard of death compared with NHW women after controlling for multiple covariates, whereas Hispanic women were found to have either a similar or decreased hazard of death compared with NHW women in multivariable Cox models.ConclusionsThe results of the current study indicated that racial and economic residential segregation influences survival among patients with EOC. Research is needed to develop more robust segregation measures that capture the complexities of neighborhoods to fully understand the survival disparities in EOC.
A model for self‐assembling circuits with voltage‐controlled growth
Authors: Deaton Russell , Garzon Max , Yasmin Rojoba , Moore Tyler 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe circuit tile assembly model (cTAM) consists of a voltage source and resistive circuit tiles, configured as a voltage divider, that attach to form resistive ladders or grids if the voltage on the boundary is greater than or equal to a threshold. The model produces a family of circuits whose composition and properties change with time. As growth proceeds, the voltage decreases until it no longer exceeds a threshold, which causes growth to cease. This is referred to as self‐controlled growth, because the properties of the assembly itself are the primary determinant in controlling the extent of the assembly. The model augments tile assembly models, which are programmable through specific chemical interactions, with an alternative electrical mechanism. The ladder and grid assemblies have bounded size and unique shape that are determined by parameters from the electrical network. Using the harmonicity of the electric potential, the shape of the grid assembly is shown to be symmetric around the main diagonal. Finally, two models of growth, differentiated by whether the voltage is measured before or after attachment, are equivalent. The model and analysis have potential application to self‐assembly of nanostructures, as well as to networks whose structure changes over time.
Insect oviposition preference between Epichloë‐symbiotic and Epichloë‐free grasses does not necessarily reflect larval performance
Authors: Laihonen Miika , Saikkonen Kari , Helander Marjo , Tammaru Toomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVariation in plant communities is likely to modulate the feeding and oviposition behavior of herbivorous insects, and plant‐associated microbes are largely ignored in this context. Here, we take into account that insects feeding on grasses commonly encounter systemic and vertically transmitted (via seeds) fungal Epichloë endophytes, which are regarded as defensive grass mutualists. Defensive mutualism is primarily attributable to alkaloids of fungal origin. To study the effects of Epichloë on insect behavior and performance, we selected wild tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) as grass–endophyte models. The plants used either harbored the systemic endophyte (E+) or were endophyte‐free (E−). As a model herbivore, we selected the Coenonympha hero butterfly feeding on grasses as larvae. We examined both oviposition and feeding preferences of the herbivore as well as larval performance in relation to the presence of Epichloë endophytes in the plants. Our findings did not clearly support the female's oviposition preference to reflect the performance of her offspring. First, the preference responses depended greatly on the grass–endophyte symbiotum. In F. arundinacea, C. hero females preferred E+ individuals in oviposition‐choice tests, whereas in F. rubra, the endophytes may decrease exploitation, as both C. hero adults and larvae preferred E− grasses. Second, the endophytes had no effect on larval performance. Overall, F. arundinacea was an inferior host for C. hero larvae. However, the attraction of C. hero females to E+ may not be maladaptive if these plants constitute a favorable oviposition substrate for reasons other than the plants' nutritional quality. For example, rougher surface of E+ plant may physically facilitate the attachment of eggs, or the plants offer greater protection from natural enemies. Our results highlight the importance of considering the preference of herbivorous insects in studies involving the endophyte‐symbiotic grasses as host plants.
Peaks in frequency, but not relative abundance, occur in the center of tree species distributions on climate gradients
Authors: Martin Patrick H. , Canham Charles D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe abundant‐center hypothesis posits species are most abundant in the center of their climatic range and forms a key assumption in many species distribution models. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously evaluated in plant communities, in part because abundance as a fraction of dominance is rarely incorporated. Here, we ask whether tree species frequency and abundance peak in the center of their distributions on continental‐scale climate gradients across the Rocky Mountains and Interior West, USA. We used forest inventory data to model frequency (percentage of plots in a given climate a species occurred in) and relative abundance (percentage of basal area in plots) as a flexible function of climate for the 20 most common tree species on temperature and precipitation gradients. Frequency patterns were predominately “bell‐shaped” and centered for species in the middle of both gradients and monotonic toward the extremes. Relative abundance patterns were primarily monotonic, especially with precipitation. In the middle of the temperature gradient, however, it is notable that six dominant and widespread species had peaks in both frequency and abundance that were centered and symmetric. Only one species had this pattern with precipitation. When frequency is considered, evidence for the abundant‐center hypothesis is robust, especially in the middle portion of each gradient, and indicates patch occupancy probability generally declines away from a species' climatic optimum. For relative abundance, the hypothesis is largely refuted, particularly on the precipitation gradient. Together, these results suggest that climate's influence on patch colonization and occupancy dynamics is a fundamental filter on distribution patterns in Rocky Mountain forests, but that climate gradients are only weakly related to relative abundance and hence provide limited insight into the ecological processes that determine local dominance once a species is present in a site.
Fire performance evaluation of cladding wall assemblies using the 16‐ft high parallel panel test method of ANSI/FM 4880
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Wang Yi , Dorofeev Sergey 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCladding assemblies are façade systems made of cladding panels such as aluminum composite materials (ACMs) and high‐pressure laminates (HPLs), and layers of continuous insulation (CI) and weather resistive barrier (WRB). Recent incidents of catastrophic fires involving cladding assemblies have warranted efforts to understand their fire hazards and develop engineering risk mitigation guidelines for existing constructions. This research provides a comprehensive fire performance evaluation of cladding assemblies exposed to realistic fire scenarios. Twelve cladding assemblies, with a combination of four types of claddings, four types of CIs, and two WRBs are selected. The tests are conducted using the 16‐ft (4.9 m) high parallel panel test (16‐ft PPT) method of ANSI/FM 4880 standard; the method imparts realistic >100 kW/m2 heat flux to the wall assemblies. The results show that the chemical heat release rate (HRR) based evaluation criterion used in the 16‐ft PPT provides an objective and robust assessment of fire performance. The wall assemblies comprising of thermoplastic‐core ACMs demonstrated accelerated flame spread within a matter of a few minutes, regardless of the combustibility of the CI used. At low heat flux exposures, unlike severe fire scenarios of the 16‐ft PPT, it is shown that the thermoplastic‐core ACMs appear to perform favorably. The fire‐retardant ACM and HPL assemblies reveal limited flame spread, regardless of whether the CI used in the assembly was charring combustible or noncombustible. Lastly, for the assemblies evaluated, the flammability of claddings exhibits greater influence on the overall performance of the wall system, while the CI and WRB affect the system performance in a secondary manner.
Structural characterization and catalytic sterilization performance of a TiO2 nano‐photocatalyst
Authors: Yang Yue , Guan Chengli , Chen Shanyuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn view of the food safety and hygiene issues caused by pathogenic microorganisms, tetrabutyl titanate was used as a precursor for the preparation of a TiO2 nano‐semiconductor photocatalyst via the sol–gel process. The plate count method was then adopted to investigate the photocatalytic sterilization performance of the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles toward Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Subsequently, a backpropagation (BP) neural network model was developed to predict the photocatalytic sterilization performance. The photocatalyst was structurally characterized by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method for specific surface area determination, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the prepared TiO2 nano‐photocatalyst was of high purity with a specific surface area of 76.5 m2/g and the particle size range 15–18 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited characteristic peaks corresponding to the oxide component Ti–O, hydroxyl group ˙OH and oxygen chemisorbed and presented an anatase‐dominated multiphase structure that enhanced the photocatalytic performance. UV irradiation at 254 nm produced better sterilization effects on E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, with elimination rates after 30 min of reaction of 97.8%, 99.4%, and 93.6%, respectively. These results indicated that the TiO2 nano‐photocatalyst is a promising environmentally friendly catalyst with good sterilization performance. The constructed BP neural network also exhibited high training accuracy and good generalization ability, with correlation coefficients between the network‐predicted and experimental target values of 0.9789. These results support research on the intelligent processing of photocatalytic sterilization with TiO2 nanoparticles.
Front Cover: Wide‐field monitoring and real‐time local recording of microvascular networks on small animals with a dual‐raster‐scanned photoacoustic microscope
Authors: Yang Fei , Wang Zhiyang , Zhang Wuyu , Ma Haigang , Cheng Zhongwen , Gu Ying , Qiu Haixia , Yang Sihua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA dual‐raster‐scanned photoacoustic microscope (DRS‐PAM) was reported, which integrates a two‐dimensional motorized translation stage for large field‐of‐view imaging and a two‐axis fast galvanometer scanner for real‐time imaging. The DRS‐PAM provides a flexible transition from wide‐field monitoring the vasculature of organs to real‐time imaging of local dynamics. Further details can be found in the article by Fei Yang, Zhiyang Wang, Wuyu Zhang, et al. (e202000022).
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Inside Cover: Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost)‐based multiwavelength spatial frequency domain imaging and characterization for ex vivo human colorectal tissue assessment
Authors: Li Shuying , Zeng Yifeng , Chapman William C. , Erfanzadeh Mohsen , Nandy Sreyankar , Mutch Matthew , Zhu Quing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA multi‐wavelength Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) utilizes structured illumination to provide absorption and reduced scattering coefficient maps of colorectal tissue. Combining SFDI with a Machine Learning algorithm ‐ AdaBoost, different types of colorectal tissues including normal, adenomatous polyp and cancer, can be differentiated with high accuracy. This new technique provides a potential method to assist in colorectal cancer screening.Further details can be found in the article by Shuying Li, Yifeng Zeng, William C. Chapman Jr, et al. (e201960241).
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Anatomical and histological studies of the alimentary canal of adult maize leaf weevil, Tanymecusdilaticollis Gyllenhal, 1834 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Candan Selami , Özyurt Koçakoğlu Nurcan , Güllü Mustafa , Çağlar Üzeyir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, ananatomical and histological study was conducted on the alimentary canal of Tanymecusdilaticollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which is an economic polyphagous pest species, to study the relationship between the structure of the alimentary canal and the feeding habit. Therefore, the structure of the alimentary canal of T. dilaticollis was examined using light and electron microscopies. Results have shown that the alimentary canal in T. dilaticollis is consisted of three separate regions as foregut, midgut, and hindgut structurally between the mouth and the anus, which pass from head, thorax, and abdomen. The foregut consists of pharynx, esophagus, crop and proventriculus and in the crop part, expansion is seen compared to other foregut parts. Midgut of T. dilaticollis is the largest part of digestion system. The anterior region of midgut is twofolds wider than the posterior region. The posterior midgut extends tubularly and it is connected to eightgastric caeca. The hindgut of T. dilaticollis consists of fourparts as pylorus, ileum, colon, and rectum. Well‐developed muscle layers are found near the rectum and genital chamber. These results contribute to further studies on the ecology and biological control agents of Coleoptera and to provide a broad comparison of alimentary canal of Coleoptera species.
First case of focal epilepsy associated with SARS‐coronavirus‐2
Authors: Elgamasy Sara , Kamel Mohamed G. , Ghozy Sherief , Khalil Adham , Morra Mostafa E. , Islam Sheikh M. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA healthy patient presented to Klinikum Altmühlfranken Weißenburg Hospital, Germany, with two morning attacks of painful muscle spasm in the left upper and lower limbs, without altered consciousness. Full examinations, radiological imaging, electroencephalography, lumbar puncture, and autoimmune profile were either normal or not consistent with patient's complaint. Subsequent epileptic episodes were observed on admission day and the following days; thus, the patient was diagnosed with focal epilepsy. The patient started to develop a fever and severe cough on day 4, and SARS‐coronavirus‐2 was confirmed through a nasopharyngeal swap. She received anticonvulsants and symptomatic treatments and completely recovered. This report emphasizes the potential nervous system involvement in severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 pathogenesis.
Periodontal conditions, retinopathy, and serum markers in individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Widén Cecilia , Holmer Helene , Sättlin Susanna , Renvert Stefan , Lernmark Åke , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes is high and increasing. Periodontitis has been identified as a risk factor in both type 1 and 2 diabetes. The study purpose was to assess periodontal conditions, retinopathy, and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) titers in relation to retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsThe study is a case series. Adult individuals with a diagnosis of T1D (n = 85) monitored ≥5 years were recruited from an endocrinology clinic. Peripheral venous blood samples were analyzed including assessments of serum HbA1c levels and GADA titers. Medical and periodontal conditions were examined, and the data assessed. Independent t tests, binary and multivariate analyses, χ2 and odds ratios were employed.ResultsGingivitis was found in 68.2%, periodontitis in 21.2%, and retinopathy in 64.7%, GADA (≥35 U/mL) in 54.1%, and serum HbA1c > 48 mmol/mol in 94.3% of the individuals. The unadjusted odds ratio for periodontitis to differentiate a diagnosis of retinopathy was 7.3 (95%CI 1.6, 4.4, P <0.01). Multivariate analyses identified the following dependent factors to differentiate retinopathy; age, T1D duration, gingivitis, periodontitis at P < 0.001, sex, and serum GADA at P < 0.01, and by the number of remaining teeth at P < 0.05.ConclusionRetinopathy as a complication to T1D is linked to the duration of diabetes, age of the individual and with increasing severity to periodontitis. Periodontal intervention studies are warranted.
LEADING WITH AN ADVENTURER'S MINDSET
Authors: Posey Amy , Vallely Kevin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article posits that leaders who embrace an adventurer's mindset will excel in their craft and beyond. It draws lessons on leadership from remarkable women and men profiled in the authors' new book, Wild Success: 7 Key Lessons Business Leaders Can Learn from Extreme Adventurers. The article is built around seven lessons drawn from these leadership examples: cognitive reappraisal: a new perspective; grit: the passion to prevail; growth mindset: sitting still means going backwards; purpose: finding your spark; innovation: big dreams and big struggles; resilience: bouncing forward; and personal sustainability: building balance. Practical tips and strategies are provided within each lesson; for instance, within cognitive reappraisal: start small + practice: first, recognize and acknowledge your emotional reaction to the setback. Within growth mindset: looking for opportunities: pivoting into new adventures can spark new growth. Within personal sustainability: fueling your energies: balancing and renewing your physical, mental, emotional, and relationship energies so you have more to give as a leader. Adventurers actively seek out challenges to test themselves and to transcend the trials of everyday life, but in undertaking those adventures they unconsciously better equip themselves to deal with those very everyday trials.
Color detection using non‐target reflectivity plastic optical fiber displacement sensor
Authors: Azri Muhammad Fadhli Muhammad , Zulkifli Mohd Zamani , Muhammad Farah Diana , Yusof Muhammad Khudori , Bahari Muhammad Syahril , Samsudin Sani Amril , Yasin Moh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA simple plastic optical fiber displacement sensor has been demonstrated as a non‐contact color detection device. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.0228, 0.1718, 0.1122, 0.106, and 0.1267 mW/mm for black, blue, green, red, and white, respectively. The experimental results prove that as the color changes from dark to bright, the peak output power increases proportionally. The proposed sensor is highly stable and persistent, with additional advantages of practicality of design, high efficiency, comprehensive depth of field, and low cost of production, which could be beneficial for applications in the sensing field.