bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of haemodynamic- and electroencephalographic-monitored effects evoked by four combinations of effect-site concentrations of propofol and remifentanil, yielding a predicted tolerance to laryngoscopy of 90%
Authors: van den Berg J. P. , Absalom A. R. , Venema A. M. , Kalmar A. F. , Van Amsterdam K. , Hannivoort L. N. , Proost J. H. , Meier S. , Scheeren T. W. L. , Struys M. M. R. F. , Vereecke H. E. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis prospective study evaluates haemodynamic and electroencephalographic effects observed when administering four combinations of effect-site concentrations of propofol (CePROP) and remifentanil (CeREMI), all yielding a single predicted probability of tolerance of laryngoscopy of 90% (PTOL = 90%) according to the Bouillon interaction model. We aimed to identify combinations of CePROP and CeREMI along a single isobole of PTOL that result in favourable hypnotic and haemodynamic conditions. This knowledge could be of advantage in the development of drug advisory monitoring technology. 80 patients (18–90 years of age, ASA I–III) were randomized into four groups and titrated towards CePROP (Schnider model, ug⋅ml−1) and CeREMI (Minto model, ng⋅ml−1) of respectively 8.6 and 1, 5.9 and 2, 3.6 and 4 and 2.0 and 8. After eleven minutes of equilibration, baseline measurements of haemodynamic endpoints and bispectral index were compared with three minutes of responsiveness measurements after laryngoscopy. Before laryngoscopy, bispectral index differed significantly (p < 0.0001) between groups in concordance with CePROP. Heart rate decreased with increasing CeREMI (p = 0.001). The haemodynamic and arousal responses evoked by laryngoscopy were not significantly different between groups, but CePROP = 3.6 μg⋅ml−1 and CeREMI = 4 ng⋅ml−1 evoked the lowest median value for ∆HR and ∆SAP after laryngoscopy. This study provides clinical insight on the haemodynamic and hypnotic consequences, when a model based predicted PTOL is used as a target for combined effect-site controlled target- controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil. Heart rate and bispectral index were significantly different between groups despite a theoretical equipotency for PTOL, suggesting that each component of the anaesthetic state (immobility, analgesia, and hypnotic drug effect) should be considered as independent neurophysiological and pharmacological phenomena. However, claims of (in)accuracy of the predicted PTOL must be considered preliminary because larger numbers of observations are required for that goal.
The Impact of Racially Motivated Housing Discrimination on Allostatic Load among Indigenous University Students
Authors: Currie Cheryl L. , Motz Takara , Copeland Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAllostatic load (AL) is an aggregate measure of wear and tear on the body due to the chronic activation of the stress response system. The goal of this study was to examine the association between racially motivated housing discrimination (HD) and AL score within a sample of Indigenous university students. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from Indigenous adults attending university in a small city in western Canada between 2015 and 2017 (N = 104; mean age = 27.8 years). An item adapted from the Experience of Discrimination Scale was to assess racially motivated HD in the past 12 months. AL was measured as a composite of 7 biomarkers assessing neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system function. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped linear regression models were used to examine associations adjusting for age, income, parenthood, and other situations in which discrimination had been experienced. Indigenous university students who experienced racially motivated HD in the past year (16.8% of the sample) had an average AL score of approximately 4, which was almost double that of their peers who had not. In an adjusted model, racially motivated HD was associated with a 1.5 point increase in AL score. This model explained 35% of the adjusted variance in AL score, of which racially motivated HD explained 24%. These results suggest Indigenous adults who experienced racially motivated HD in the past year had early and more pronounced wear and tear on neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system functioning in young and middle adulthood than Indigenous peers who did not. These findings combine with others to highlight the need for increased efforts to prevent racially motivated HD in urban centers.
Modelling the Competitive Growth of Primary, Allotriomorphic, and Secondary Alpha in Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Buzolin Ricardo Henrique , Weiß Desirée , Krumphals Alfred , Lasnik Michael , Poletti Maria Cecilia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The competitive formation of allotriomorphic α along the prior β grain boundaries, secondary α-phase and the growth of globular primary α is described for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy during continuous cooling. The formation kinetics of the different morphologies of the α-phase is related to the nucleation rate of allotriomorphic α and secondary α as well as with the V supersaturation at the β matrix. A mesoscale physical model is developed for the allotriomorphic α and secondary α based on classical nucleation and growth of platelets. The growth of the primary α is modelled as the growth of a spherical particle embedded in a supersaturated β matrix. Continuous cooling tests at two different holding temperatures in the α+β field, 930 °C and 960 °C, and five different cooling rates, 10, 30, 40, 100 and 300 °C/minutes, are conducted. Additionally, interrupted tests are conducted at different temperatures to determine the progress of growth of primary α and formation of allotriomorphic and secondary α-phases during cooling. The size of primary α increases, while its circularity decreases with decreasing cooling rate. The area fractions of primary α decrease with increasing cooling rate and increasing holding temperature. Moreover, the lower the cooling rate, the thicker the plates of allotriomorphic α and secondary α. The growth of primary α, as well as the formation of allotriomorphic α plates is observed at the beginning of the cooling stage. The formation of secondary α occurs at last and is nearly negligible for very low cooling rates. The model is able to accurately predict the different α-phase formation behaviours and the obtained results show good agreement with the experimental ones.
Comparison between AJCC 8th prognostic stage and UICC anatomical stage in patients with primary breast cancer: a single institutional retrospective study
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Yamagishi Yoji , Koiwai Tomomi , Kono Takako , Fukumura-Koga Makiko , Einama Takahiro , Yamasaki Tamio , Sato Kimiya , Ueno Hideki , Kishi Yoji , Tsuda Hitoshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) proposed a prognostic stage (PS), which included not only anatomical factors, but also biological factors. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of the PS and to compare PS and anatomical stage (AS) that has been established by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC).

Methods
Between 2002 and 2017, 800 patients were included in the study. Patients were classified using pathological UICC AS and pathological AJCC PS. The usefulness of PS in comparison with AS was validated using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Harrell concordance index (C-index).

Results
A total of 401 (50.1%) patients had pathological AS I, 324 (40.5%) had AS II, and 75 (9.4%) had AS III. Meanwhile, 535 (66.8%) had pathological PS I, 163 (20.4%) had PS II, and 102 (12.8%) had PS III. The number of AS II cases was 1.99-fold higher than that of PS II cases. For each stage, these survival curves were almost similar between AS and PS classification. Therefore, many patients to be classified into stage I and stage III were included in AS II group, while many patients to be classified into stage II were included in AS I group. To trichotomize the survival groups, PS appeared to be more specific than AS, and AIC and C-index confirmed the speculation.

Conclusion
For the prognostication of primary breast cancer patients, AJCC PS appeared to be able to stratify the cases more appropriately than UICC AS.
Traditions and innovations: versatility of copper and tin bronze making recipes in Iron Age Emporion (L’Escala, Spain)
Authors: Montes-Landa Julia , Montero-Ruiz Ignacio , Castanyer Masoliver Pere , Santos Retolaza Marta , Tremoleda Trilla Joaquim , Martinón-Torres Marcos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEstablished around 575 BC, Emporion was a Greek colonial enclave in north-east Iberia and hence constitutes a good context to study Mediterranean innovations and their adaptation with indigenous technologies. Here, we present an analytical study of the archaeometallurgical assemblage from a workshop context dated to the first occupational moment of Emporion’s Neapolis (second half of the sixth century BC), including slag and technical ceramics. We aimed at reverse engineering the copper and tin bronze metallurgical technologies at the site. The results allow the identification of copper smelting and melting, and a variety of bronze alloying techniques, together with iron smelting and forging. The use of Fe-rich copper ores with BaO, ZnO and PbO impurities is consistent with the exploitation of local sources, preceding the diversification of raw materials documented for later phases. The co-occurrence of co-smelting, cementation and co-melting as bronze making technologies is discussed with reference to parameters of efficiency and cost-effectiveness and contextualised in the broader colonial interaction, providing pointers for future comparative work and discussion. The early use of metallic tin for bronze production at the site supports a Mediterranean origin for this innovation in Iberia.
Zehn Jahre Soziale Passagen: Eine empirische Analyse ihrer Themen
Authors: Eckl Markus , Prigge Jessica , Schildknecht Lukas , Ghanem Christian 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie ZeitschriftSoziale Passagenfeierte 2019 ihr zehn-jähriges Bestehen. Sie hat sich in den letzten Jahren als eine zentrale disziplinorientierte Fachzeitschrift etabliert, die den wissenschaftlichen Dialog als Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit begreift. Dieser runde Geburtstag wird zum Anlass genommen, die Zeitschrift selbst – und somit ihre Beiträge – auf empirischer Basis zu reflektieren. Es soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Themen in den letzten zehn Jahren in welchen Zusammenhängen diskutiert wurden und wie sich diese inhaltlichen Schwerpunkte seit Gründung der Zeitschrift entwickelt haben. Datengrundlage für diese empirische und explorative Untersuchung sind 255 Artikel der Zeitschrift aus den letzten zehn Jahren. Um einen Ein- und Überblick über die inhaltlichen Diskussionen in der Zeitschrift zu bekommen, wird eine Methode der quantitativen Textanalyse, die Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), herangezogen. Im Gegensatz zu einfachen Frequenzanalysen von Wörtern, kann das probabilistische Modell latente semantische Strukturen in den Texten untersuchen und automatisiert Themen extrahieren. Entsprechend der Selbstbeschreibung der ZeitschriftSoziale Passagenzeigen die Ergebnisse verschiedene Schwerpunkte aus derEmpirie und Theorie Sozialer Arbeitunter den meist diskutierten Themen. Es wird ein breites Themenspektrum sichtbar, welches sich über die Zeit trendförmig verändert. Die zentralen Themen lassen sich auch auf Basis ihrer semantischen Nähe in verschiedene Cluster zusammenfassen. Beispielsweise zeigt sich, dass die Themen „Evaluationsstudien“ und „Empirische Forschung“ eine Nähe zu „Profession und Feldtheorie“, sowie zu „Diskurs und Körper“ aufweisen, was auf eine hohe Anschlussfähigkeit empirischer Forschung insbesondere zur Professionsforschung verweist. Diese und weitere Erkenntnisse, sowie eine kritische Analyse und die Potenziale des methodischen Vorgehens werden abschließend diskutiert.
Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Authors: Kennedy Peter GE , Mogensen Trine H 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVaricella zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogenic human herpes virus which causes varicella as a primary infection, following which it becomes latent in peripheral autonomic, sensory, and cranial nerve ganglionic neurons from where it may reactivate after decades to cause herpes zoster. VZV reactivation may also cause a wide spectrum of neurological syndromes, in particular, acute encephalitis and vasculopathy. While there is potentially a large number of coding viral mutations that might predispose certain individuals to VZV infections, in practice, a variety of host factors are the main determinants of VZV infection, both disseminated and specifically affecting the nervous system. Host factors include increasing age with diminished cell-mediated immunity to VZV, several primary immunodeficiency syndromes, secondary immunodeficiency syndromes, and drug-induced immunosuppression. In some cases, the molecular immunological basis underlying the increased risk of VZV infections has been defined, in particular, the role of POL III mutations, but in other cases, the mechanisms have yet to be determined. The role of immunization in immunosuppressed individuals as well as its possible efficacy in preventing both generalized and CNS-specific infections will require further investigation to clarify in such patients.
Enabling efficient bioconversion of birch biomass by Lentinula edodes: regulatory roles of nitrogen and bark additions on mushroom production and cellulose saccharification
Authors: Chen Feng , Martín Carlos , Finell Michael , Xiong Shaojun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPretreatment with edible white-rot fungi has advantages in low inputs of energy and chemicals for reducing the recalcitrance of woody biomass for bioethanol production while harvesting protein-rich food. The effectiveness of fungal pretreatment may vary with substrate composition. In this study, birch with or without bark and nitrogen additives were experimentally studied for their effects on shiitake production, substrate lignocellulosic degradation and enzymatic convertibility with cellulolytic enzymes. Whey was added as protein nitrogen and led to successful outcomes, while non-protein nitrogen urea and ammonium-nitrate resulted in mortality of fungal mycelia. The mushroom yields of one harvest were generally comparable between the treatments, averaging 651 g fresh weight per kilogram dry substrate, and high enough as to be profitable. Nitrogen loading (0.5–0.8%, dry mass) negatively affected lignin degradation and enzymatic convertibility and prolonged cultivation/pretreatment time. The added bark (0–20%) showed quadratic correlation with degradation of lignin, xylan and glucan as well as enzymatic digestibility of glucan. Nitrogen loading of < 0.6% led to maximal mass degradation of xylan and lignin at bark ratios of 4–9% and 14–19%, respectively, peak saccharification of glucan at 6–12% and the shortest pretreatment time at 8–13% bark. The designed substrates resulted in 19–35% of glucan mass loss after fungal pretreatment, less than half of the previously reported values. Nitrogen and bark additions can regulate lignocellulose degradation and saccharification of birch-based substrates. The designed substrate composition could considerably reduce cellulose consumption during fungal pretreatment, thus improving bioconversion efficiency.
Assessing Technical Skills in Talented Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Koopmann Till , Faber Irene , Baker Joseph , Schorer Jörg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTalent identification and development (TID) programs aim to identify players with the greatest potential for long-term success. Previous research suggests that the assessment of sport-specific technical skills is valuable for discriminating between more and less skilled individuals and/or for predicting future performance.ObjectiveThis review aims to provide an overview on both the instruments used to assess sport-specific technical skills and their discriminatory, explanatory and/or predictive findings in the context of TID.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SPORTDiscus, SURF and Scopus (January 1990–October 2019). Search terms covered the areas of sport, technical skills assessment, performance, skill level and youth. In the end, 59 relevant studies were identified and evaluated.ResultsThe results highlight the widespread and important role of technical skills in TID; almost all studies (93%) reported discriminatory, explanatory and/or predictive benefits for the assessment of sport-specific technical skills. Analyzing and categorizing the number of assessment methods applied in the studies (n = 69) according to their method type (‘technique-related’ or ‘outcome-related’ variables) and method set-up (‘experimental’ or ‘competition’ data acquisition environment) indicated a clear tendency towards ‘outcome-related’ (73%) and ‘experimental’ (75%) assessment methods. We also found a strong overrepresentation of studies assessing cross-sectional data (75%) in soccer (53%) in male samples (74% of studies reporting subjects’ sex) from European countries (64%).ConclusionsOn the one hand, our findings demonstrate the great capability of sport-specific technical skills assessments to discriminate different performance levels and predict future performance in TID activities. On the other hand, this review highlights the focus on ‘outcome-related’ and ‘experimental’ methods in specific populations and, consequently, the limited knowledge in other areas. Here, the application of ‘technique-related’ and ‘competition’ methods appears promising for adding new knowledge, especially in the light of technological advances.
Dealing With Uncertainty and Lack of Knowledge in Diverse Sex Development: Controversies on Early Surgery and Questions of Consent
Authors: Lampalzer Ute , Briken Peer , Schweizer Katinka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionDiverse sex development (dsd) is an umbrella term for different congenital conditions with incongruence of chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic sex characteristics. These are accompanied by various uncertainties concerning health-related, medical, psychosocial, and legal issues that raise controversial discussion.AimThe aim of this exploratory study was to investigate 3 questions: What are the most controversial and disputed issues in the context of intersex/dsd? Which issues are associated with the biggest knowledge gaps? Which issues involve the greatest difficulty or uncertainty in decision-making? A further aim was to investigate whether the group of persons concerned, the parents of intersex children, and the group of experts in the field had differing views regarding these questions.MethodsA self-developed questionnaire was distributed among persons concerned, parents of children with intersex/dsd, and experts in the field. It contained open and multiple-choice questions. The answers from 29 participants were entered into data analysis. A mixed-method approach was applied. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively. Qualitative data were analysed according to the principles of qualitative content analysis.Main Outcome MeasureParticipants answered questions on the most controversial and disputed issues, issues associated with the biggest knowledge gaps, and issues associated with the most difficulty or uncertainty in decision-making.ResultsThe findings indicate that controversial issues and uncertainties mainly revolve around surgical interventions but also around the question of how to adequately consider the consent of minors and how to deal with intersex in the family. Significant differences were found between persons concerned and parents vs academic experts in the field regarding the perceptions of procedure of diagnostic investigation and/or treatment in adulthood, on legal questions concerning marriage/registered civil partnerships, and on lack of psychosocial counseling close to place of residence.ConclusionThe necessity of irreversible gonadal and genital surgery in early childhood is still a matter of strong controversy. To ensure the improvement in well-being of intersex persons, including a sexual health perspective, the positive acceptance of bodily variance is an important prerequisite. Psychosocial support regarding one-time decisions as well as ongoing and changing issues of everyday life appears to be an important means in reaching overall quality of life.
Ice extent in sub-arctic fjords and coastal areas from 2001 to 2019 analyzed from MODIS imagery
Authors: O'Sadnick Megan , Petrich Chris , Brekke Camilla , Skarðhamar Jofrid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResults examining variations in the ice extent along the Norwegian coastline based on the analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images from 2001 to 2019, February through May, are presented. A total of 386 fjords and coastal areas were outlined and grouped into ten regions to assess seasonal and long-term trends in ice extent. In addition, three fjords were examined to investigate how ice extent may vary over short distances (<100 km). Of the 386 outlined, 47 fjords/coastal areas held >5 km2 of ice at least once between 2001 and 2019. Over this span of time, no statistically significant trend in ice extent is found for all ten regions; however, variations between regions and years are evident. Ice extent is assessed through comparison to three weather variables – freezing degree days (FDD), daily new snowfall and daily freshwater supply from rainfall plus snowmelt. Six out of ten regions are significantly positively correlated (p < 0.05) to FDD. In addition, ice in two regions is significantly positively correlated to daily new snowfall, and in one region negatively correlated to rainfall plus snowmelt. The importance of fjord geometry and bathymetry as well as other weather variables including wind is discussed.
Onset and Severity of Spousal Violence Among Chinese Migrant Families: A Zero-Inflated Poisson Model
Authors: Chen Xuan , Xia Yiwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnalyzing 1268 stratified random samples from one of the biggest cities in China’s Pearl River Delta with the zero-inflated Poisson model, this study identifies the factors associated with the onset and severity of spousal violence by males and females separately under the social exchange perspective. The results indicate that spousal violence follows gender symmetry in migrant families, and violence against men is mainly reflected in psychological violence. The new pattern of “cradle snatching” makes men fully protected in family relationships. However, women’s education level and economic independence do not represent a protective factor against violence from husbands. Patriarchal cognition is deeply rooted in migrant families, even though the family pattern has been changed and women’s status has improved in China. Young couples should contribute to the family according to their own abilities, and should not make either one feel wronged.