bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspergillosis in albatrosses
Authors: Melo Aryse Martins , Silva Filho Rodolfo Pinho da , Poester Vanice Rodrigues , Fernandes Cristina Gevehr , von Groll Andrea , Stevens David A , Sabino Raquel , Xavier Melissa Orzechowski 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aspergillosis is a respiratory fungal disease of importance in captive marine birds. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of aspergillosis in Thalassarche melanophris during rehabilitation events and to identify the etiological agent. All the albatrosses that were received for rehabilitation and died within a 2-year period were included in the study. The proportionate mortality rate caused by aspergillosis was 21.4% (3/14). One of the etiological agents was Aspergillus flavus/oryzae lineage, and the other was A. fumigatus sensu stricto. Our study suggests that aspergillosis can act as a limiting factor in the rehabilitation of albatrosses.
Extended main sequence turnoffs in open clusters as seen by Gaia – II. The enigma of NGC 2509
Authors: de Juan Ovelar M , Gossage S , Kamann S , Bastian N , Usher C , Cabrera-Ziri I , Dotter A , Conroy C , Lardo C 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the morphology of the colour–magnitude diagram (CMD) of the open cluster NGC 2509 in comparison with other Galactic open clusters of similar age using Gaia photometry. At ${\sim}900\,\rm {Myr}$ Galactic open clusters in our sample all show an extended main sequence turnoff (eMSTO) with the exception of NGC 2509, which presents an exceptionally narrow CMD. Our analysis of the Gaia data rules out differential extinction, stellar density, and binaries as a cause for the singular MSTO morphology in this cluster. We interpret this feature as a consequence of the stellar rotation distribution within the cluster and present the analysis with mesa Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) stellar evolution models that include the effect of stellar rotation on which we based our conclusion. In particular, these models point to an unusually narrow range of stellar rotation rates (Ω/Ωcrit, ZAMS = [0.4, 0.6]) within the cluster as the cause of this singular feature in the CMD of NGC 2509. Interestingly, models that do not include rotation are not as good at reproducing the morphology of the observed CMD in this cluster.
The Milky Way’s disc of classical satellite galaxies in light of Gaia DR2
Authors: Pawlowski Marcel S , Kroupa Pavel 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We study the correlation of orbital poles of the 11 classical satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, comparing results from previous proper motions with the independent data by Gaia DR2. Previous results on the degree of correlation and its significance are confirmed by the new data. A majority of the satellites co-orbit along the Vast Polar Structure, the plane (or disc) of satellite galaxies defined by their positions. The orbital planes of eight satellites align to &lt;20° with a common direction, seven even orbit in the same sense. Most also share similar specific angular momenta, though their wide distribution on the sky does not support a recent group infall or satellites-of-satellites origin. The orbital pole concentration has continuously increased as more precise proper motions were measured, as expected if the underlying distribution shows true correlation that is washed out by observational uncertainties. The orbital poles of the up to seven most correlated satellites are in fact almost as concentrated as expected for the best-possible orbital alignment achievable given the satellite positions. Combining the best-available proper motions substantially increases the tension with ΛCDM cosmological expectations: &lt;0.1 per cent of simulated satellite systems in IllustrisTNG contain seven orbital poles as closely aligned as observed. Simulated systems that simultaneously reproduce the concentration of orbital poles and the flattening of the satellite distribution have a frequency of &lt;0.1 per cent for any number of k &gt; 3 combined orbital poles, indicating that these results are not affected by a look-elsewhere effect. This compounds the Planes of Satellite Galaxies Problem.
Establishing a new technique for discovering large-scale structure using the ORELSE survey
Authors: Hung D , Lemaux B C , Gal R R , Tomczak A R , Lubin L M , Cucciati O , Pelliccia D , Shen L , Le Fèvre O , Wu P-F , Kocevski D D , Mei S , Squires G K 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large-Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey is an ongoing imaging and spectroscopic campaign initially designed to study the effects of environment on galaxy evolution in high-redshift (z ∼ 1) large-scale structures. We use its rich data in combination with a powerful new technique, Voronoi tessellation Monte Carlo (VMC) mapping, to search for serendipitous galaxy overdensities at 0.55 &lt; z &lt; 1.37 within 15 ORELSE fields, a combined spectroscopic footprint of ∼1.4 deg2. Through extensive tests with both observational data and our own mock galaxy catalogues, we optimize the method’s many free parameters to maximize its efficacy for general overdensity searches. Our overdensity search yielded 402 new overdensity candidates with precisely measured redshifts and an unprecedented sensitivity down to low total overdensity masses ($\mathcal {M}_{\mathrm{ tot}}\gtrsim5\times 10^{13}$ M⊙). Using the mock catalogues, we estimated the purity and completeness of our overdensity catalogue as a function of redshift, total mass, and spectroscopic redshift fraction, finding impressive levels of both 0.92/0.83 and 0.60/0.49 for purity/completeness at z = 0.8 and z = 1.2, respectively, for all overdensity masses at spectroscopic fractions of ∼20 per cent. With VMC mapping, we are able to measure precise systemic redshifts, provide an estimate of the total gravitating mass, and maintain high levels of purity and completeness at z ∼ 1 even with only moderate levels of spectroscopy. Other methods (e.g. red-sequence overdensities and hot medium reliant detections) begin to fail at similar redshifts, which attests to VMC mapping’s potential to be a powerful tool for current and future wide-field galaxy evolution surveys at z ∼ 1 and beyond.
Variable star classification using multiview metric learning
Authors: Johnston K B , Caballero-Nieves S M , Petit V , Peter A M , Haber R 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTComprehensive observations of variable stars can include time domain photometry in a multitude of filters, spectroscopy, estimates of colour (e.g. U-B), etc. When the objective is to classify variable stars, traditional machine learning techniques distill these various representations (or views) into a single feature vector and attempt to discriminate among desired categories. In this work, we propose an alternative approach that inherently leverages multiple views of the same variable star. Our multiview metric learning framework enables robust characterization of star categories by directly learning to discriminate in a multifaceted feature space, thus, eliminating the need to combine feature representations prior to fitting the machine learning model. We also demonstrate how to extend standard multiview learning, which employs multiple vectorized views, to the matrix-variate case which allows very novel variable star signature representations. The performance of our proposed methods is evaluated on the UCR Starlight and LINEAR data sets. Both the vector and matrix-variate versions of our multiview learning framework perform favourably – demonstrating the ability to discriminate variable star categories.
Anisotropic electron populations in BL Lac jets: consequences for the observed emission
Authors: Tavecchio F , Sobacchi E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We investigate the impact on the properties of high-energy emitting BL Lac objects of a population of electrons with an anisotropic momentum distribution. We adopt a simple phenomenological description of the anisotropy, in which the most energetic electrons have a small pitch angle and the least energetic electrons are isotropic, as proposed by Sobacchi & Lyubarsky (2019). We explore (i) a simple model that assumes a phenomenological shape for the electron energy distribution, and (ii) a self-consistent scheme in which the electrons follow a distribution which is the result of the balance between injection and radiative losses (we include the effects of the anisotropy on the synchrotron cooling rate). Considering the BL Lac object Mkn 421 as representative of the entire class, we show that in both cases the emission can be satisfactorily reproduced under equipartition between the magnetic field and the relativistic electrons. This is in better agreement with the idea that jets are launched as Poynting dominated flows with respect to the standard isotropic scenario, which requires both a low magnetization and a low radiative efficiency to reproduce the observed emission. The hard spectrum predicted for the inverse Compton continuum at TeV energies could be used as a potential test of the anisotropic model.
VLBI observations of the G25.65+1.05 water maser superburst
Authors: Burns R A , Orosz G , Bayandina O , Surcis G , Olech M , MacLeod G , Volvach A , Rudnitskii G , Hirota T , Immer K , Blanchard J , Marcote B , van Langevelde H J , Chibueze J O , Sugiyama K , Kim Kee-Tae , Val‘tts I , Shakhvorostova N , Kramer B , Baan W A , Brogan C , Hunter T , Kurtz S , Sobolev A M , Brand J , Volvach L 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
This paper reports observations of a 22 GHz water maser ‘superburst’ in the G25.65+1.05 massive star-forming region, conducted in response to an alert from the Maser Monitoring Organisation (M2O). Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations using the European VLBI Network (EVN) recorded a maser flux density of 1.2 × 104 Jy. The superburst was investipgated in the spectral, structural, and temporal domains and its cause was determined to be an increase in maser path length generated by the superposition of multiple maser emitting regions aligning in the line of sight to the observer. This conclusion was based on the location of the bursting maser in the context of the star-forming region, its complex structure, and its rapid onset and decay.
An nl-model with radiative transfer for hydrogen recombination line masers
Authors: Prozesky Andri , Smits Derck P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Atomic hydrogen masers occur in recombination plasmas in sufficiently dense H ii regions. These hydrogen recombination line (HRL) masers have been observed in a handful of objects to date and the analysis of the atomic physics involved has been rudimentary. In this work a new model of HRL masers is presented which uses an nl-model to describe the atomic populations interacting with free-free radiation from the plasma, and an escape probability framework to deal with radiative transfer effects. The importance of including the collisions between angular momentum quantum states and the free-free emission in models of HRL masers is demonstrated. The model is used to describe the general behaviour of radiative transfer of HRLs and to investigate the conditions under which HRL masers form. The model results show good agreement with observations collected over a broad range of frequencies. Theoretical predictions are made regarding the ratio of recombination lines from the same upper quantum level for these objects.
Order-disorder phase transition in black-hole star clusters. II. A scale-free cluster
Authors: Tremaine Scott 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The supermassive black holes found at the centres of galaxies are often surrounded by dense star clusters. The ages of these clusters are generally longer than the resonant-relaxation time and shorter than the two-body relaxation time over a wide range of radii. We explore the thermodynamic equilibria of such clusters using a simple self-similar model. We find that the cluster exhibits a phase transition between a high-temperature spherical equilibrium and a low-temperature equilibrium in which the stars are on high-eccentricity orbits with nearly the same orientation. In the absence of relativistic precession, the spherical equilibrium is metastable below the critical temperature and the phase transition is first-order. When relativistic effects are important, the spherical equilibrium is linearly unstable below the critical temperature and the phase transition is continuous. A similar phase transition has recently been found in a model cluster composed of stars with a single semimajor axis. The presence of the same phenomenon in two quite different cluster models suggests that lopsided equilibria may form naturally in a wide variety of black-hole star clusters.
The Role of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy in Surgical Neuro-Oncology: Series of 100 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Shah Ashish H , Semonche Alexa , Eichberg Daniel G , Borowy Veronica , Luther Evan , Sarkiss Christopher A , Morell Alexis , Mahavadi Anil K , Ivan Michael E , Komotar Ricardo J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is an adjuvant treatment for intracranial lesions that are treatment refractory or in deep or eloquent brain. Initial studies of LITT in surgical neuro-oncology are limited in size and follow-up.

OBJECTIVE
To present our series of LITT in surgical neuro-oncology to better evaluate procedural safety and outcomes.

METHODS
An exploratory cohort study of all patients receiving LITT for brain tumors by a single senior neurosurgeon at a single center between 2013 and 2018. Primary outcomes included extent of ablation (EOA), time to recurrence (TTR), local control at 1-yr follow-up, and overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included complication rate. Outcomes were compared by tumor subtype. Predictors of outcomes were identified.

RESULTS
A total of 91 patients underwent 100 LITT procedures; 61% remain alive with 72% local control at median 7.2 mo follow-up. Median TTR and OS were 31.9 and 16.9 mo, respectively. For lesion subtypes, median TTR (months, not applicable [N/A] if <50% rate observed), local control rates at 1-yr follow-up, and median OS (months) were the following: dural-based lesions (n = 4, N/A, 75%, 20.7), metastases (n = 45, 55.9, 77.4%, 16.9), newly diagnosed glioblastoma (n = 11, 31.9, 83.3%, 32.3), recurrent glioblastoma (n = 14, 5.6, 24.3%, 7.3), radiation necrosis (n = 20, N/A, 67.2%, 16.4), and other lesions (n = 6, 12.3, 80%, 24.4). TTR differed by tumor subtype (P = .02, log-rank analysis). EOA predicted local control (P = .009, multivariate proportional hazards regression); EOA > 85% predicted longer TTR (P = .006, log-rank analysis). Complication rate was 4%.

CONCLUSION
Our series of LITT in surgical neuro-oncology, 1 of the largest to date, further evidences its safety and outcomes profile.
Faces of Resistance: Using Real-world Patients and Their Advocates to Teach Medical Students about Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Nori Priya , Cowman Kelsie , Jezek Amanda , Nosanchuk Joshua D , Slosar-Cheah Magdalena , Sarwar Uzma , Bartash Rachel , Ostrowsky Belinda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We engaged medical students with antimicrobial stewardship (AS) and resistance (AMR) through patient stories and a panel on AMR advocacy with experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Students were surveyed on their perceptions about AS and AMR (response rate=139/166, 84%).
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Early-onset and Late-onset Adenovirus Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bruminhent Jackrapong , Worawichawong Suchin , Tongsook Chutatip , Pasomsub Ekawat , Boongird Sarinya , Watcharananan Siriorn P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Adenovirus (ADV) infection after kidney transplantation (KT) causes significant morbidity. Patient characteristics and outcomes of ADV infection in KT recipients were investigated.

Methods
All adult KT recipients with ADV infection between January 2015 and June 2019 were included. ADV infection/disease was defined as detection of ADV DNA in clinical specimens/plus symptoms. Clinical and laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes were assessed.

Results
ADV infection was diagnosed in 24/751 KT recipients (3.2%). Twenty (83%) were male with a median age of 47 years (IQR 36–58). Fifteen (63%) underwent deceased donor KT, and 13 (54%) received induction therapy. Twenty-one (88%) and four (17%) patients developed hemorrhagic cystitis and disseminated disease, respectively. There were equal distributions of early-onset (EOI) (< 3 months) and late- onset (LOI) (> 3 months) infections. Patients who were diagnosed with EOI had lower median absolute lymphocyte counts compared to those with LOI (735/mm3 [IQR 543–1123] vs. 1122/mm3 [IQR 784–1344], p = 0.04). All achieved resolution after reduction of their immunosuppression regimen and 13 (54%) received cidofovir therapy. Eighteen (75%) developed allograft dysfunction, of which 67% were transient. One (4%) underwent nephrectomy for allograft failure and 1 (4%) died (non-ADV-related). Patients with EOI were more likely to receive cidofovir therapy (75% vs. 33%, p = 0.04) and develop other opportunistic infections (75% vs. 8%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
ADV infection after KT typically involves a genitourinary system and transiently impairs an allograft function. Those who developed early infection tend to have more lymphopenia, co-infection and receiving antiviral therapy.
Increasing socioeconomic disparities in tobacco smoking decline among French adolescents (2000–2017)
Authors: Janssen Eric , Le Nézet Olivier , Shah Jalpa , Chyderiotis Sandra , Brissot Alex , Philippon Antoine , Legleye Stéphane , Spilka Stanislas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
This paper studies the evolution of transitions from first cigarette use to daily use by socioeconomic status (SES) among French adolescents over the course of 17 years, in a context of decreasing prevalence of tobacco use.

Methods
A total of 182 266 adolescents participated in the nationally representative ESCAPAD survey at nine different time points between 2000 and 2017. Discrete time-event analysis was used to model the transition to daily cigarette use as a function of SES, gender, age at onset and the use of other psychoactive substances.

Results
Although lifetime cigarette smoking and daily cigarette smoking decreased significantly over the studied time span, suggesting a positive impact of prevention policies, disadvantaged adolescents were consistently more prone to engage in daily cigarette smoking, more so in 2017 than 15 years earlier. In the same time span, transitions from initiation to daily cigarette smoking have shortened, with an accelerated pace among underprivileged adolescents.

Conclusions
Accelerated transitions from initiation to daily cigarette use are a prevalent trend among disadvantaged adolescents in France. Efforts to mitigate the impact of marketing strategies and to promote health literacy should be pursued to reduce social inequalities in health.
One-Year Stability of Frontoparietal Cognitive Control Network Connectivity in Recent Onset Schizophrenia: A Task-Related 3T fMRI Study
Authors: Smucny Jason , Lesh Tyler A , Zarubin Vanessa C , Niendam Tara A , Ragland J Daniel , Tully Laura M , Carter Cameron S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKraepelinian theory posits that schizophrenia (SZ) is a degenerative disorder that worsens throughout the lifespan. Behavioral studies of cognition have since challenged that viewpoint, particularly in the early phases of illness. Nonetheless, the extent to which cognition remains functionally stable during the early course of illness is unclear, particularly with regard to task-associated connectivity in cognition-related brain networks. In this study, we examined the 1-year stability of the frontoparietal control network during the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) from a new baseline sample of 153 participants scanned at 3T, of which 29 recent onset individuals with SZ and 42 healthy control (HC) participants had follow-up data available for analysis. Among individuals that had both baseline and follow-up data, reduced functional connectivity in SZ was observed between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and superior parietal cortex (SPC) during the high control (B cue) condition. Furthermore, this deficit was stable over time, as no significant time × diagnosis interaction or effects of time were observed and intraclass correlation coefficients were greater than 0.6 in HCs and SZ. Previous 1.5T findings showing stable deficits with no evidence of degeneration in performance or DLPFC activation in an independent SZ sample were replicated. Overall, these results suggest that the neuronal circuitry supporting cognitive control is stably impaired during the early course of illness in SZ across multiple levels of analysis with no evidence of functional decline.
Internal Fixation Versus Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Nondisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Richards John T. , Overmann Archie L. , O'Hara Nathan N. , D'Alleyrand Jean-Claude , Slobogean Gerard P. 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
To compare the outcomes of elderly patients with nondisplaced and minimally displaced femoral neck fractures treated with internal fixation versus arthroplasty.

Data Sources:
A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Embase, and central databases was conducted through June 25, 2019.

Study Selection:
Studies were included if the sample population was (1) 60 years of age or older, (2) had nondisplaced or minimally displaced (Garden I or II) femoral neck fractures, and (3) if the study compared internal fixation versus arthroplasty. Only full-text English manuscripts were included. The primary outcome was reoperation. Secondary outcomes included mortality, patient-reported outcomes, length of hospital stay, infection, and blood transfusions.

Data Extraction:
Two authors independently extracted data from the included studies. Each study was independently evaluated for quality using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment.

Data Synthesis:
Of the 1597 identified articles, 4 manuscripts met the eligibility criteria with a total of 579 patients (236 treated with hemiarthroplasty and 343 treated with internal fixation). Patients treated with arthroplasty had a significantly lower risk of reoperation when compared with those treated with internal fixation [relative risk: 0.30 (95% CI, 0.16–0.55, P < 0.01)]. There was no significant difference detected in 1-year mortality risk between the 2 treatment groups.

Conclusions:
In elderly patients with nondisplaced and minimally displaced femoral neck fractures, treatment with hemiarthroplasty may reduce the relative risk of reoperation by 70% when compared with internal fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.