bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of subjectively perceived decline in five cognitive domains: Results from a population‐based cohort study in Germany
Authors: Schütz Holger , Caspers Svenja , Moebus Susanne , Lux Silke 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) was frequently investigated for memory in healthy aging or in relation to diseases like dementia. It was found to be related to sociodemographic and psychological variables as well as cognitive abilities. The prevalence of SCD in other cognitive domains and their relation to these variables is largely unknown to date. The present study aimed to fill this gap.MethodsA total of 807 subjects (18‐85 years of age, M = 57.8 years, female: 43%) completed the Juelich Questionnaire on Subjective Cognitive Decline, to investigate SCD in memory, attention, language, motor, and executive functions. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate association of depressive symptomatology, emotionality, and general cognitive performance as well as age, gender, and educational attainment with domain‐specific SCD.ResultsThe highest prevalence rate was obtained for the memory domain (65.9%), followed by the attention (54.6%), motor (52.9%), executive (39.7%), and language domain (31.5%). Of the psychosocial factors, only age, depressive symptomatology and emotionality were consistently and strongly associated with domain‐specific SCD prevalence.ConclusionsSCD is prevalent not only in the memory domain, but also in other major cognitive domains. Our results also suggest that the suspicion from previous research, that subjective memory decline might be more strongly associated with depressive symptomatology and emotionality than with actual decline of cognitive performance, might also apply to the attention, motor, executive, and language domain. Further investigations using neuropsychological testing for specific cognitive functions and employing longitudinal designs are required for substantiating this suspicion.
Altered resting activity patterns and connectivity in individuals with complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Di Pietro Flavia , Lee Barbara , Henderson Luke A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder that typically occurs in the limbs, usually the upper limb. CRPS usually develops from a peripheral event but its maintenance relies on changes within the central nervous system. While functional abnormalities in the thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of the brain are some of the most consistently reported brain findings in CRPS, the mechanisms are yet to be explored in full, not least of all how these two regions interact and how they might relate to clinical deficits, such as the commonly reported poor tactile acuity in this condition. This study recruited 15 upper‐limb CRPS subjects and 30 healthy controls and used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate infra‐slow oscillations (ISOs) in critical pain regions of the brain in CRPS. As hypothesised, we found CRPS was associated with increases in resting signal intensity ISOs (0.03–0.06 Hz) in the thalamus contralateral to the painful limb in CRPS subjects. Interestingly, there was no such difference between groups in S1, however CRPS subjects displayed stronger thalamo‐S1 functional connectivity than controls, and this was related to pain. As predicted, CRPS subjects displayed poor tactile acuity on the painful limb which, interestingly, was also related to thalamo‐S1 functional connectivity strength. Our findings provide novel evidence of altered patterns of resting activity and connectivity in CRPS which may underlie altered thalamocortical loop dynamics and the constant perception of pain.
Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center
Authors: Karligkiotis Apostolos , Arosio Alberto D. , Battaglia Paolo , Sileo Giorgio , Czaczkes Camilla , Volpi Luca , Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Castelnuovo Paolo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundItaly was the first European country suffering from COVID‐19. Health care resources were redirected to manage the pandemic. We present our initial experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA retrospective review of patients treated in a single referral center during the first 2 months of the pandemic was performed. A comparison between the last 2‐month period and the same period of the previous year was carried out.ResultsTwenty‐four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A reduction of surgical activity was observed (−60.7%). A statistically significant difference in pathologies treated was found (P = .016), with malignancies being the most frequent indication for surgery (45.8%).ConclusionsAlthough we feel optimistic for the future, we do not feel it is already time to restart elective surgeries. Our experience may serve for other centers who are facing the same challenges.
Impact of gully incision on hillslope hydrology
Authors: Chen Xing , Kumar Mukesh , deB Richter Daniel , Mau Yair 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Southern U.S. Piedmont ranging from Virginia to Georgia underwent severe gully erosion over a century of farming mainly for cotton (1800s–1930s). Although tree succession blanketed much of this region by the middle 20th century, gully erosion still occurs, especially during wet seasons. While many studies on gully erosion have focused on soil loss, soil carbon exchange, and stormwater response, the impacts on soil moisture, groundwater, and transpiration remain under‐studied. Using a newly developed 2D hydrologic model, this study analyzes the impacts of gully erosion on hillslope hydrologic states and fluxes. Results indicate that increases in gully incision lead to reduction in groundwater table, root zone soil moisture, and transpiration. These reductions show seasonal variations, but the season when the reduction is maximum differs among the hydrologic variables. Spatially, the impacts are generally the greatest near the toe of the hillslope and reduce further away from it, although the reductions are sometimes non‐monotonic. Overall, the impacts are larger for shallow gully depths and diminish as the incision goes deeper. Lastly, the extent of impacts on a heterogeneous hillslope is found to be very different with respect to a homogeneous surrogate made of dominant soil properties. These results show that through gully erosion, the landscape not only loses soil but also a large amount of water from the subsurface. The magnitude of water loss is, however, dependent on hydrogeologic and topographic configuration of the hillslope. The results will facilitate (a) mapping of relative susceptibility of landscapes to gullying, (b) understanding of the impacts of stream manipulations such as due to dredging on hillslope eco‐hydrology, (c) prioritization of mitigation measures to prevent gullying, and (d) design of observation campaigns to assess the impacts of gullying on hydrologic response.
Neuronal signatures in cancer
Authors: Jung Erik , Alfonso Julieta , Monyer Hannah , Wick Wolfgang , Winkler Frank 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite advances in the treatment of solid tumors, the prognosis of patients with many cancers remains poor, particularly of those with primary and metastatic brain tumors. In the last years, “Cancer Neuroscience” emerged as novel field of research at the crossroads of oncology and classical neuroscience. In primary brain tumors, including glioblastoma (GB), communicating networks that render tumor cells resistant against cytotoxic therapies were identified. To build these networks, GB cells extend neurite‐like protrusions called tumor microtubes (TMs). Synapses on TMs allow tumor cells to retrieve neuronal input that fosters growth. Single cell sequencing further revealed that primary brain tumors recapitulate many steps of neurodevelopment. Interestingly, neuronal characteristics, including the ability to extend neurite‐like protrusions, neuronal gene expression signatures and interactions with neurons, have now been found not only in brain and neuroendocrine tumors but also in some cancers of epithelial origin. In this review, we will provide an overview about neurite‐like protrusions as well as neurodevelopmental origins, hierarchies and gene expression signatures in cancer. We will also discuss how “Cancer Neuroscience” might provide a framework for the development of novel therapies.
Identification with all humanity—A test of the factorial structure and measurement invariance of the scale in five countries
Authors: Hamer Katarzyna , Penczek Marta , McFarland Sam , Wlodarczyk Anna , Łużniak‐Piecha Magdalena , Golińska Agnieszka , Cadena Liliana Manrique , Ibarra Manuel , Bertin Paul , Delouvée Sylvain 
Published: June 2020

Identification with all humanity measured as an individual characteristic is an important factor related to social and international relations, such as concern for global issues and human rights, prosocial attitudes, intergroup forgiveness, attitudes toward immigrants, solving global problems, reactions to hate crimes and dehumanisation. We examine the factorial structure, psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Identification with All Humanity (IWAH) scale in student samples from five countries (the United States, Poland, France, Mexico and Chile; N = 1930). Separate confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) for each country showed a second‐order model of one superordinate factor with two subfactors. The cross‐country validation of the scale, based on multigroup CFA, confirmed configural and metric invariance between countries for raw scores, and full metric invariance for “pure” scores. This study showed that the IWAH scale can be successfully used for cross‐country research and the results from different countries can be compared and integrated.
A Polygenic Risk Score as a Risk Factor for Medication-Associated Fractures
Authors: Manousaki Despoina , Forgetta Vincenzo , Keller-Baruch Julyan , Zhao Kaiqiong , Greenwood Celia MT , Mooser Vincent , Bassett JH Duncan , Leslie William D , Richards J Brent 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Some commonly prescribed drugs are associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. However, fracture risk stratification using skeletal measures is not often performed to identify those at risk before these medications are prescribed. We tested whether a genomically predicted skeletal measure, speed of sound (gSOS) from heel ultrasound, which was developed in 341,449 individuals from UK Biobank and tested in a separate subset consisting of 80,027 individuals, is an independent risk factor for fracture in users of fracture-related drugs (FRDs). To do this, we first assessed 80,014 UK Biobank participants (including 12,678 FRD users) for incident major osteoporotic fracture (MOF, n = 1189) and incident hip fracture (n = 209). Effects of gSOS on incident fracture were adjusted for baseline clinical fracture risk factors. We found that each standard deviation decrease in gSOS increased the adjusted odds of MOF by 42% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–1.51, p &lt; 2 × 10−16) and of hip fracture by 31% (95% CI 1.15–1.50, p = 9 × 10−5). gSOS below versus above the mean increased the adjusted odds of MOF by 79% (95% CI 1.58–2.01, p &lt; 2 × 10−16) and of hip fracture by 42% (95% CI 1.08–1.88, p = 1.3 × 10−2). Among FRD users, each standard deviation decrease in gSOS increased the adjusted odds of MOF by 29% (nMOF = 256, 95% CI 1.14–1.46, p = 7 × 10−5) and of hip fracture by 30% (nhip fracture = 68, 95% CI 1.02–1.65, p = 0.0335). FRD users with gSOS below versus above the mean had a 54% increased adjusted odds of MOF (95% 1.19–1.99, p = 8.95 × 10−4) and a twofold increased adjusted odds of hip fracture (95% 1.19–3.31, p = 8.5 × 10−3). We therefore showed that genomically predicted heel SOS is independently associated with incident fracture among FRD users. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID‐19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zheng Ting , Yang Chao , Wang Han‐Yu , Chen Xiao , Yu Li , Wu Zi‐Ling , Sun Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a health emergency worldwide, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are increasingly reported in COVID‐19 patients. However, sample size was small and the incidence of GI symptoms in patients was variable across studies, and the correlation between these symptoms and clinical outcomes remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study is to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with and without GI symptoms admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan. This retrospective study recruited 1320 COVID‐19 patients admitted to hospital from 5 February 2020 to 9 March 2020. On the basis of the presence of GI symptoms, the sample was divided into a GI group (n = 192) and a non‐GI group (n = 1128). The three most common GI symptoms were diarrhea (8.1%), anorexia (4.7%), and nausea and vomiting (4.3%). The rate of clinical deterioration was significantly higher in the GI group than in the non‐GI group (15.6% vs. 10.1%, P = .032). GI symptoms (P = .045), male gender P < .001), and increased C‐reactive protein (P = .008) were independent risk factors for clinical worsening. This study demonstrated that the rate of clinical deterioration was significantly higher in the GI group. Furthermore, potential risk factors for developing GI symptoms, male gender, and increased C‐reactive protein can help clinicians predict clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients.
Biodegradation of bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate by a newly isolated Enterobacter sp. HY1 and characterization of its esterase properties
Authors: Qiu Lequan , Yin Xinge , Liu Tengfei , Zhang Hanyu , Chen Guomei , Wu Shijin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) is an important compound produced from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) cleavage. It was selected as the representative substance for the study of PET degradation. A bacterial strain HY1 that could degrade BHET was isolated and identified as Enterobacter sp. The optimal temperature and pH for BHET biodegradation were determined to be 30°C and 8.0, respectively. The half‐life of degradation was 70.20 h at an initial BHET concentration of 1,000 mg/L. The results of metabolites' analysis by liquid chromatograph–mass spectrometer revealed that BHET was first converted to mono‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET) and then to terephthalic acid. Furthermore, an esterase‐encoding gene, estB, was cloned from strain HY1, and the expressed enzyme EstB was characterized. The esterase has a molecular mass of approximately 25.13 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 4.68. Its optimal pH and temperature were pH 8.0 and 40°C, respectively. The analysis of the enzymatic products showed that EstB could hydrolyze one ester bond of BHET to MHET. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first report on the biodegradation characteristics of BHET by a member of the Enterobacter genus.
Effects of variations in Dwyer calcaneal osteotomy determined by three‐dimensional printed patient‐specific modeling
Authors: Weinheimer Kent , Campbell Brett , Roush Evan P. , Lewis Gregory S. , Kunselman Allen , Aydogan Umur 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDwyer (lateral calcaneal closing wedge) osteotomy is commonly used in surgical correction of heel varus deformity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of wedge size and angle of osteotomy on deformity correction using preoperative imaging analysis with three‐dimensional (3D) printed modeling. Seven patients diagnosed with pes cavovarus deformity who underwent Dwyer calcaneal osteotomy were identified retrospectively. Preoperative computed tomogrphy scans were used to create 3D printed models of the foot. After18 variations of osteotomy and fixation performed for each foot, Harris heel and Saltzman images were obtained. The angle between the tibia‐talus axis and calcaneal‐tuber axis was measured and compared to pre‐osteotomy state. Change in the calcaneal lengths was also analyzed. The average degree correction of deformity per mm of bone resected was 3.8 ± 0.2 degrees in the Harris Heel view and 2.7 ± 0.8 degrees in the Saltzman view. A significant increase in correction was obtained with 10 mm compared with 5 mm wide wedges (P < .001). The difference in correction was not statistically significant between 30 and 45 degree cuts or osteotomy distance from the posterior calcaneal tuberosity, but a 45 degree sagittal angle resulted in less calcaneal shortening compared to 30 degrees (P = .02). A clinically driven method using patient‐specific 3D models for determining effects of calcaneal osteotomy variables in correcting hindfoot alignment was developed. In summary, the amount of wedge resected impacts hindfoot alignment more than location and sagittal angle of the cut. Calcaneal shortening depends on sagittal angle of the cut.
Kinematics of bicruciate and posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty during deep knee flexion and stair climbing
Authors: Ishibashi Teruya , Tomita Tetsuya , Yamazaki Takaharu , Tsuji Shigeyoshi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Sugamoto Kazuomi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSecond‐generation bicruciate stabilized (BCS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was developed to substitute both anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and replicate physiological kinematics. This study aimed to evaluate if the postcam mechanism and the surface geometry function effectively. Seventeen and twelve knees implanted with BCS TKA and posterior stabilized (PS) TKA, respectively, were analyzed. In vivo kinematics during deep knee flexion were estimated from single‐plane fluoroscopic images using a 2‐dimensional to 3‐dimensional image registration technique. Flexion angle, anteroposterior translation, femoral external rotation (ER), and postcam engagement were compared between the groups. Postoperative 2011 Knee Society Score (KSS) was obtained at the last follow‐up. The medial femoral condyle in BCS was positioned more anteriorly than that in PS from minimum flexion to maximum flexion. Posterior motion of the lateral femoral condyle was observed in both groups. ER of BCS was significantly larger compared to PS from minimum flexion to 100°. However, the amount of ER from minimum flexion to maximum flexion was similar: 6.2° ± 4.5° and 7.7° ± 4.1° in BCS and PS, respectively (P = .364). Anterior postcam engagement was observed in 76.5% and 25.0% in BCS and PS, respectively (P = .006). Posterior postcam engagement was observed in all cases in BCS and PS. There were no significant differences in KSS between the groups. The kinematic differences were likely a result of variations in articular surface geometry.
Effect of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition on the Disease Process, Nutrition Status, and Gastrointestinal Microbiota for Chinese Children With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Tang Wenjuan , Huang Ying , Shi Peng , Wang Yuhuan , Zhang Ye , Xue Aijuna , Tang Zifei , Hu Wenhui , Sun Hua , Zhang Ping , Zheng Cuifang , Shi Jieru , Wang Shengnan , Qiu Xiaoxia , Lu Xiaolan , Miao Shijian , Meng Yingying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to prospectively study the effect of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) treatment on Chinese pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients.MethodsThirty‐one newly diagnosed CD patients were enrolled in this study and treated with EEN for 8 weeks. Twelve healthy controls (HCs) donated their fecal samples. Statistical methods were used to compare the differences.ResultsAccording to the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD (SES‐CD) at the end of the EEN treatment, 21 patients with SES‐CD ≤4 were classified into the remission group (CD‐RE), and 10 patients with SES‐CD >4 were classified into the nonremission group (CD‐NRE). After EEN therapy, there was a significant decrease in the SES‐CD, the weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI), and fecal calprotectin (FCP) in the CD‐RE group (all P < .001). The wPCDAI and FCP also decreased in the CD‐NRE group (both P < .05). In terms of nutrition improvement, the CD‐RE group patients showed more improvement in weight gain, hemoglobin, and serum albumin level than the CD‐NRE group patients (all P < .05). For the microbiota, the CD patients had a lower bacterial diversity and different bacterial community compared with HCs. EEN increased overall diversity and was able to shift the dysbiosis in CD patients toward a healthier state. Absence of improvement in wPCDAI and Shannon index at 2 weeks predicts poor response at the end of EEN.ConclusionEEN can be used in most Chinese pediatric CD patients to induce remission and improve nutrition.
Solvent‐free mixed micellar mobile phases: An advanced green chemistry approach for reversed‐phase HPLC determination of some antihypertensive drugs
Authors: Ibrahim Adel Ehab , Elmansi Heba , Belal Fathalla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMinimizing the amount of organic solvents without loss in chromatographic performance has been an important step toward greening analytical methodologies. Mobile‐phase composition is the key for maintaining separation efficiency in liquid chromatography while decreasing the procedure hazardousness. If sodium dodecyl sulfate is mixed with Brij‐35 in the mobile phase, they could be used as a green alternative for using organic modifiers. In this research, the effect of changing the relative amounts of both surfactants was studied on the chromatographic performance and separation efficiency of ten antihypertensive drugs belonging to different categories. The use of surfactants has many advantages including low cost and toxicity, safe environmental disposal, unique selectivity besides high solubilization capabilities. The optimum separation was maintained using a mobile phase (0.01 M Brij‐35, 0.08 M sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.01 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate/pH 5) on reversed‐phase C18 core–shell column at flow rate 1.5 mL/min and temperature 30°C. The method was successfully applied for the determination of the drugs in various marketed dosage forms. International Conference of Harmonization guidelines were followed to validate the developed method. Additionally, the method was verified on the Green Analytical Procedure Index in regards to the greenness and found to be an excellent green alternative method.
Legume lipoxygenase: Strategies for application in food industry
Authors: Shi Yuan , Mandal Ronit , Singh Anika , Pratap Singh Anubhav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLipoxygenase (LOX) is a widely distributed enzyme in plant and animal cells. It catalyzes the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid into fatty acid hydroperoxides. LOX is also associated with the production of aroma substrates, color changes, and alternation of physico‐chemical characteristics. The associated reaction could be either desirable or undesirable in food production. An understanding of LOX characteristics and functional principles is essential for utilizing LOX as a natural food ingredient. Legumes are nutrient‐dense food ingredient and also serve as a good source of LOX. This paper is focused on the biological function of LOX in legumes, the history of legume LOX, the application of legume LOX in the food industry, and the inhibition strategies of unwanted LOX‐catalyzed reaction.