bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat features and colony characteristics influencing ant personality and its fitness consequences
Authors: Maák István , Trigos-Peral Gema , Ślipiński Piotr , Grześ Irena M , Horváth Gergely , Witek Magdalena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral factors can influence individual and group behavioral variation that can have important fitness consequences. In this study, we tested how two habitat types (seminatural meadows and meadows invaded by Solidago plants) and factors like colony and worker size and nest density influence behavioral (activity, meanderness, exploration, aggression, and nest displacement) variation on different levels of the social organization of Myrmica rubra ants and how these might affect the colony productivity. We assumed that the factors within the two habitat types exert different selective pressures on individual and colony behavioral variation that affects colony productivity. Our results showed individual-/colony-specific expression of both mean and residual behavioral variation of the studied behavioral traits. Although habitat type did not have any direct effect, habitat-dependent factors, like colony size and nest density influenced the individual mean and residual variation of several traits. We also found personality at the individual-level and at the colony level. Exploration positively influenced the total- and worker production in both habitats. Worker aggression influenced all the productivity parameters in seminatural meadows, whereas activity had a positive effect on the worker and total production in invaded meadows. Our results suggest that habitat type, through its environmental characteristics, can affect different behavioral traits both at the individual and colony level and that those with the strongest effect on colony productivity primarily shape the personality of individuals. Our results highlight the need for complex environmental manipulations to fully understand the effects shaping behavior and reproduction in colony-living species.
KNIndex: a comprehensive database of physicochemical properties fork-tuple nucleotides
Authors: Zhang Wen-Ya , Xu Junhai , Wang Jun , Zhou Yuan-Ke , Chen Wei , Du Pu-Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, the genomic sequences increased exponentially over the last decade. In order to decode these new genomic data, machine learning methods were introduced for genome annotation and analysis. Due to the requirement of most machines learning methods, the biological sequences must be represented as fixed-length digital vectors. In this representation procedure, the physicochemical properties of k-tuple nucleotides are important information. However, the values of the physicochemical properties of k-tuple nucleotides are scattered in different resources. To facilitate the studies on genomic sequences, we developed the first comprehensive database, namely KNIndex (https://knindex.pufengdu.org), for depositing and visualizing physicochemical properties of k-tuple nucleotides. Currently, the KNIndex database contains 182 properties including one for mononucleotide (DNA), 169 for dinucleotide (147 for DNA and 22 for RNA) and 12 for trinucleotide (DNA). KNIndex database also provides a user-friendly web-based interface for the users to browse, query, visualize and download the physicochemical properties of k-tuple nucleotides. With the built-in conversion and visualization functions, users are allowed to display DNA/RNA sequences as curves of multiple physicochemical properties. We wish that the KNIndex will facilitate the related studies in computational biology.
Abnormal bordering: control, punishment and deterrence in Mexico’s migrant detention centres
Authors: Campos-Delgado Amalia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMigrant detention in Mexico, as a cornerstone of the Mexican Transit Control Regime, is intrinsically related to US migration control. Drawing on Katja Franko Aas’s ‘border penality’ and ‘abnormal justice’ conceptualizations, this paper argues that Transit Control Regimes are an abnormal bordering and the outcome of two trends of the geographies of migration control: reverberation and distancing. To examine how this abnormal bordering is enforced, following the ‘bordering as a practice’ research agenda, this paper analyses the practices of control, punishment, and deterrence used in Mexico’s migrant detention centres drawing on state agents’ narratives. Particular emphasis is given to clerical control, material conditions and disciplinary rules. The analysis presented sheds light on the precarious conditions of the facilities, the discrepancy between regulations and practice, questionable practices of control and discipline and the reality of migrant detention as a de facto punishment for migrants.
Tribes and State Policy in India: Revisiting Governing Principles from a Decolonial Social Work Perspective
Authors: bodhi S R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSocial work theorists have begun talking about a fundamental shift in social work education, marked as the rise of decoloniality and decolonial thinking. Within this context, distinct social work formulations that make a fundamental break from past paradigms are being posited in the form of decolonial social work. In India, decolonial social work is constituted primarily by two theories—Tribal Social Work and Dalit Social Work. The former arising directly out of British colonialism and the latter premised on an anti-caste social work perspective. Taking the case of tribal policy with specific reference to principles of governance vis., tribes an attempt is made to historicise the same from a decolonial social work lens. The article contextualises tribal policy in India, lays the framework of decolonial social work, historicise principles of governance from a decolonial lens, draws out the underlying political structure that embeds these principles and throws new light on key theoretical debates concerning policy practice.
Stage-specific links between plasma neurofilament light and imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Benedet Andréa L , Leuzy Antoine , Pascoal Tharick A , Ashton Nicholas J , Mathotaarachchi Sulantha , Savard Melissa , Therriault Joseph , Kang Min Su , Chamoun Mira , Schöll Michael , Zimmer Eduardo R , Gauthier Serge , Labbe Aurélie , Zetterberg Henrik , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Blennow Kaj ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Neurofilament light (NfL) is a marker of neuroaxonal injury, a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease. It remains uncertain, however, how it relates to amyloid and tau pathology or neurodegeneration across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum. The aim of this study was to investigate how plasma NfL relates to amyloid and tau PET and MRI measures of brain atrophy in participants with and without cognitive impairment. We retrospectively examined the association between plasma NfL and MRI measures of grey/white matter volumes in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative [ADNI: n = 1149; 382 cognitively unimpaired control subjects and 767 cognitively impaired participants (mild cognitive impairment n = 420, Alzheimer’s disease dementia n = 347)]. Longitudinal plasma NfL was measured using single molecule array (Simoa) technology. Cross-sectional associations between plasma NfL and PET amyloid and tau measures were independently assessed in two cohorts: ADNI [n = 198; 110 cognitively unimpaired, 88 cognitively impaired (MCI n = 67, Alzheimer’s disease dementia n = 21), data accessed October 2018]; and Translational Biomarkers in Aging and Dementia [TRIAD, n = 116; 74 cognitively unimpaired, 42 cognitively impaired (MCI n = 16, Alzheimer’s disease dementia n = 26), data obtained November 2017 to January 2019]. Associations between plasma NfL and imaging-derived measures were examined voxel-wise using linear regression (cross-sectional) and linear mixed effect models (longitudinal). Cross-sectional analyses in both cohorts showed that plasma NfL was associated with PET findings in brain regions typically affected by Alzheimer’s disease; associations were specific to amyloid PET in cognitively unimpaired and tau PET in cognitively impaired (P &lt; 0.05). Longitudinal analyses showed that NfL levels were associated with grey/white matter volume loss; grey matter atrophy in cognitively unimpaired was specific to APOE ε4 carriers (P &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that plasma NfL increases in response to amyloid-related neuronal injury in preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease, but is related to tau-mediated neurodegeneration in symptomatic patients. As such, plasma NfL may a useful measure to monitor effects in disease-modifying drug trials.
Beyond “Commercial Realism”: Extending Goffman’s Gender Display Framework to Networked Media Contexts
Authors: Butkowski Chelsea P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Erving Goffman’s gender display framework is a typology of nonverbal posing codes that connote the subordination of women in commercial imagery and a prominent tool for assessing visualizations of gender stereotyping in mass media. Researchers have recently begun to apply the advertisement-based framework to a new context: user-generated social media photos. Despite findings that gender display appears prevalent in such images, deeper critical examinations of how the framework changes when applied across media contexts have not been meaningfully undertaken. Drawing from the interplay of Goffman’s concepts of hyper-ritualization and commercial realism, I argue that the manifestations and interpretive implications of gender display are contingent upon the standard of realism at play, proposing a standard of networked realism that differently modulates gender display in user-generated photography. Ultimately, I suggest that gender display must be more thoroughly contextualized in networked media research and provide a groundwork for future feminist studies of visual gender stereotyping.
DS-GCNs: Connectome Classification using Dynamic Spectral Graph Convolution Networks with Assistant Task Training
Authors: Xing Xiaodan , Li Qingfeng , Yuan Mengya , Wei Hao , Xue Zhong , Wang Tao , Shi Feng , Shen Dinggang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) matrices measure the regional interactions in the brain and have been widely used in neurological brain disease classification. A brain network, also named as connectome, could form a graph structure naturally, the nodes of which are brain regions and the edges are interregional connectivity. Thus, in this study, we proposed novel graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to extract efficient disease-related features from FC matrices. Considering the time-dependent nature of brain activity, we computed dynamic FC matrices with sliding windows and implemented a graph convolution–based LSTM (long short–term memory) layer to process dynamic graphs. Moreover, the demographics of patients were also used as additional outputs to guide the classification. In this paper, we proposed to utilize the demographic information as extra outputs and to share parameters among three networks predicting subject status, gender, and age, which serve as assistant tasks. We tested the performance of the proposed architecture in ADNI II dataset to classify Alzheimer’s disease patients from normal controls. The classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity reach 90.0%, 91.7%, and 88.6%, respectively, on ADNI II dataset.
High-power short duration vs. conventional radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ravi Venkatesh , Poudyal Abhushan , Abid Qurrat-Ul-Ain , Larsen Timothy , Krishnan Kousik , Sharma Parikshit S , Trohman Richard G , Huang Henry D 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsWe sought to compare the effectiveness and safety of high-power short-duration (HPSD) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with conventional RFA in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods and resultsMEDLINE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched until 15 May 2020 for relevant studies comparing HPSD vs. conventional RFA in patients undergoing initial catheter ablation for AF. A total of 15 studies involving 3718 adult patients were included in our meta-analysis (2357 in HPSD RFA and 1361 in conventional RFA). Freedom from atrial arrhythmia was higher in HPSD RFA when compared with conventional RFA [odds ratio (OR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.90; P = 0.009]. Acute PV reconnection was lower (OR 0.56, P = 0.005) and first-pass isolation was higher (OR 3.58, P &lt; 0.001) with HPSD RFA. There was no difference in total complications between the two groups (P = 0.19). Total procedure duration [mean difference (MD) −37.35 min, P &lt; 0.001], fluoroscopy duration (MD −5.23 min, P = 0.001), and RF ablation time (MD −16.26 min, P &lt; 0.001) were all significantly lower in HPSD RFA. High-power short-duration RFA also demonstrated higher freedom from atrial arrhythmia in the subgroup analysis of patients with paroxysmal AF (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.29–2.50; P &lt; 0.001), studies with ≥50 W protocol in the HPSD RFA group (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08–2.18; P = 0.02] and studies with contact force sensing catheter use (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.21–2.25; P = 0.002).ConclusionHigh-power short-duration RFA was associated with better procedural effectiveness when compared with conventional RFA with comparable safety and shorter procedural duration.
The effects of earth model uncertainty on the inversion of seismic data for seismic source functions
Authors: Poppeliers Christian , Preston Leiph 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY
We use Monte Carlo simulations to explore the effects of earth model uncertainty on the estimation of the seismic source time functions that correspond to the six independent components of the point source seismic moment tensor. Specifically, we invert synthetic data using Green’s functions estimated from a suite of earth models that contain stochastic density and seismic wave-speed heterogeneities. We find that the primary effect of earth model uncertainty on the data is that the amplitude of the first-arriving seismic energy is reduced, and that this amplitude reduction is proportional to the magnitude of the stochastic heterogeneities. Also, we find that the amplitude of the estimated seismic source functions can be under- or overestimated, depending on the stochastic earth model used to create the data. This effect is totally unpredictable, meaning that uncertainty in the earth model can lead to unpredictable biases in the amplitude of the estimated seismic source functions.
Understanding the Best Interests of the Child as a Procedural Obligation: The Example of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Sormunen Milka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
According to Article 3(1) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child have to be a primary consideration in all cases concerning children. The Committee on the Rights of the Child understands Article 3(1) as a ‘threefold concept’: a substantive right, an interpretive principle and a rule of procedure. This article argues that the provision is best understood as a procedural obligation. Understanding Article 3(1) as a procedural obligation remedies key problems that originate from interpreting the provision as a substantive right. A significant strength of the procedural approach is that it can be consistently applied in different case groups. This article illustrates the argument with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights related to children, in which the article detects three layers of a procedural approach to the best interests of the child.
Methylation marks of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and risk of cancer in adulthood
Authors: Dugué Pierre-Antoine , Hodge Allison M , Wong Ee Ming , Joo JiHoon E , Jung Chol-Hee , Hopper John L , English Dallas R , Giles Graham G , Milne Roger L , Southey Melissa C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal exposure to maternal smoking is detrimental to child health but its association with risk of cancer has seldom been investigated. Maternal smoking induces widespread and long-lasting DNA methylation changes, which we study here for association with risk of cancer in adulthood.MethodsEight prospective case–control studies nested within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study were used to assess associations between maternal-smoking-associated methylation marks in blood and risk of several cancers: breast (n = 406 cases), colorectal (n = 814), gastric (n = 166), kidney (n = 139), lung (n = 327), prostate (n = 847) and urothelial (n = 404) cancer and B-cell lymphoma (n = 426). We used conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between cancer and five methylation scores calculated as weighted averages for 568, 19, 15, 28 and 17 CpG sites. Models were adjusted for confounders, including personal smoking history (smoking status, pack-years, age at starting and quitting) and methylation scores for personal smoking.ResultsAll methylation scores for maternal smoking were strongly positively associated with risk of urothelial cancer. Risk estimates were only slightly attenuated after adjustment for smoking history, other potential confounders and methylation scores for personal smoking. Potential negative associations were observed with risk of lung cancer and B-cell lymphoma. No associations were observed for other cancers.ConclusionsWe found that methylation marks of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking are associated with increased risk of urothelial cancer. Our study demonstrates the potential for using DNA methylation to investigate the impact of early-life, unmeasured exposures on later-life cancer risk.
Differential gene expression, irrespective of circulating Hepatitis B Surface Antigen levels, between Inactive Carrier and Nucleos(t)ide Analogue-Treated Hepatitis B Virus patients
Authors: Montanari Noé R , Conceição-Neto Nádia , Van Den Wyngaert Ilse , Van Oord Gertine W , Groothuismink Zwier M A , Van Tilburg Sandra , de Man Robert A , Aerssens Jeroen , Boonstra André 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Long-term viremia control in chronic HBV patients occurs either spontaneously in inactive carrier (IC) patients or therapy-induced by nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUC). To better understand the characteristics of viremia control, we evaluated gene expression in purified leukocyte subsets from IC versus NUC-treated patients, and evaluated the putative modulatory effects of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). We observed that gene expression in NUC-treated patients differed markedly from IC patients, especially in dendritic cells, monocytes, and CD8+ T cells, while serum HBsAg levels had little effect. Nevertheless, based on our findings it cannot be excluded that HBsAg may act locally in the infected liver or preferentially affects HBV-specific cells.
Clostridioides difficile Binary Toxin Is Recognized by the Toll-Like Receptor 2/6 Heterodimer to Induce a Nuclear Factor-κB Response
Authors: Simpson Morgan , Frisbee Alyse , Kumar Pankaj , Schwan Carsten , Aktories Klaus , Petri William A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents a significant burden on the health care system, one that is exacerbated by the emergence of binary toxin (CDT)-producing hypervirulent C. difficile strains. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes CDT to induce inflammation. Here we explore the interactions of CDT with TLR2 and the impact on host immunity during CDI. We found that the TLR2/6 heterodimer, not TLR2/1, is responsible for CDT recognition, and that gene pathways including nuclear factor-κB and MAPK downstream of TLR2/6 are upregulated in mice with intact TLR2/6 signaling during CDI.
Identity Collision: Older Gay Men Using Technology
Authors: Marciano Avi , Nimrod Galit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study examines identity work among older gay men in relation to Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It draws on the notion of IT identity—the extent to which individuals experience technology as integral to their sense of selves—to explore how their homosexuality and advanced age shape their relationships with technology. Applying thematic analysis to 17 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with gay male users aged 66–81, we show that while homosexuality and technology enable and reinforce one another, the relationship between technology and advanced age can be better defined by alienation and estrangement. Consequently, we argue that technology constitutes a crossroads at which the gay and elder identities intersect and collide. In this sense, technology is similar to other cultural constructs, like sexuality, that challenge the merger of advanced age and homosexuality, rendering the older gay identity almost impossible.
First Report ofAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) in District Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Jabeen Aliya , Ansari Jamil A , Ikram Aamer , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Qaisrani Moin Iqbal , Khan Saira , Safdar Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOur article documents the presence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) from urban and rural locations in the lower Himalaya Mountains, northern Pakistan. Larvae were collected from graveyards, junkyards, plant nurseries, parks, and houses. Used tires, bird drinking pots, and water storage containers were the most common containers used by this mosquito. In the absence of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), Ae. albopictus appears to be the primary vector of recent dengue virus outbreaks.
Functional divergence of diacylglycerol acyltransferases in the unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Ma Haiyan , Wu Xiaoying , Wei Ziwang , Zhao Liang , Li Zhongze , Liang Qing , Zheng Jie , Wang Yu , Li Yanhua , Huang Linfei , Hu Qiang , Han Danxiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final committed step in triacylglycerol biosynthesis in eukaryotes. In microalgae, the copy number of DGAT genes is extraordinarily expanded, yet the functions of many DGATs remain largely unknown. This study revealed that microalgal DGAT can function as a lysophosphatidic acyltransferase (LPAAT) both in vitro and in vivo while losing its original function as DGAT. Among the five DGAT-encoding genes identified and cloned from the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, four encoded HpDGATs that showed triacylglycerol synthase activities in yeast functional complementation analyses; the exception was one of the type II DGAT encoding genes, HpDGTT2. The hydrophobic recombinant HpDGTT2 protein was purified in soluble form and was found to function as a LPAAT via enzymatic assay. Introducing this gene into the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii led to retarded cellular growth, enlarged cell size, and enhanced triacylglycerol accumulation, identical to the phenotypes of transgenic strains overexpressing CrLPAAT. This study provides a framework for dissecting uncharacterized DGATs, and could pave the way to decrypting the structure–function relationship of this large group of enzymes that are critical to lipid biosynthesis.