bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It Takes a While to Get Used to”: The Costs of Redeeming Public Benefits
Authors: Barnes Carolyn Y 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScholars have examined how administrative burden creates barriers to accessing public benefits but have primarily focused on the challenges of claiming benefits. Less is known about the difficulties beneficiaries face when using public benefits, especially voucher-based public assistance programs. I argue that the costs of learning how to redeem benefits can discourage program use and undermine policy goals. To enrich the administrative burden framework, this study draws from a qualitative analysis of 43 participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) to develop a new subset of learning costs—redemption costs. I argue that two conditions: limited portability and reliance on third-party agents create redemption costs for beneficiaries. I apply these two conditions to two other voucher-based programs: the Housing Choice Voucher Program and the Child Care Subsidy. Examining redemption costs can help clarify when and where beneficiaries experience burdens, reasons behind discontinuity in program participation, and why public programs fail to meet objectives.
Recent advances in the regulation of plant immunity by S-nitrosylation
Authors: Lubega Jibril , Umbreen Saima , Loake Gary J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) moiety to a reactive protein cysteine (Cys) thiol, to form a protein S-nitrosothiol (SNO), is emerging as a key regulatory post-translational modification (PTM) to control the plant immune response. NO also S-nitrosylates the antioxidant tripeptide, glutathione, to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), both a storage reservoir of NO bioactivity and a natural NO donor. GSNO and, by extension, S-nitrosylation, are controlled by GSNO reductase1 (GSNOR1). The emerging data suggest that GSNOR1 itself is a target of NO-mediated S-nitrosylation, which subsequently controls its selective autophagy, regulating cellular protein SNO levels. Recent findings also suggest that S-nitrosylation may be deployed by pathogen-challenged host cells to counteract the effect of delivered microbial effector proteins that promote pathogenesis and by the pathogens themselves to augment virulence. Significantly, it also appears that S-nitrosylation may regulate plant immune functions by controlling SUMOylation, a peptide-based PTM. In this context, global SUMOylation is regulated by S-nitrosylation of SUMO conjugating enzyme 1 (SCE1) at Cys139. This redox-based PTM has also been shown to control the function of a key zinc finger transcriptional regulator during the establishment of plant immunity. Here, we provide an update of these recent advances.
The Discourse of Dignity in the Charlie Gard, Alfie Evans and Isaiah Haastrup Cases
Authors: Jonas Monique , Ryan Samantha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There are competing accounts of dignity and no agreement about how to adjudicate between them, but this does not prevent dignity from playing an important role in the law. In fact, this very multiplicity enables dignity to perform a range of functions, both explicit and implicit, intended and unintended. Its ‘open character’ allows dignity to serve as a locus of agreement, but it can also silence debate and limit speaker control of how their statements are received and interpreted. This paper considers dignity’s roles in recent English court judgments relating to withdrawal of ventilation and associated care from three unresponsive, paralysed infants: Charlie Gard, Alfie Evans, and Isaiah Haastrup. It presents a critical discourse analysis focusing on the judgments of first instance in relation to these infants. It argues that a range of conceptions of dignity are operationalised, serving four functions: to express esteem; to establish a hierarchy of credibility; to justify a best interests judgment, and to socialise that judgment. The overall effect is that dignity serves to compel acceptance of, rather than providing reasons to support, a best interests judgment. While recognising the value of unspecified invocations of dignity, we voice a warning about its potential to stifle debate and legitimise and enforce existing power relations.
Evidence from APOGEE for the presence of a major building block of the halo buried in the inner Galaxy
Authors: Horta Danny , Schiavon Ricardo P , Mackereth J Ted , Pfeffer Joel , Mason Andrew C , Kisku Shobhit , Fragkoudi Francesca , Allende Prieto Carlos , Cunha Katia , Hasselquist Sten , Holtzman Jon , Majewski Steven R , Nataf David , O’Connell Robert W , Schultheis Mathias , Smith Verne V 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We report evidence from APOGEE for the presence of a new metal-poor stellar structure located within ∼4 kpc of the Galactic Centre. Characterized by a chemical composition resembling those of low-mass satellites of the Milky Way, this new inner Galaxy structure (IGS) seems to be chemically and dynamically detached from more metal-rich populations in the inner Galaxy. We conjecture that this structure is associated with an accretion event that likely occurred in the early life of the Milky Way. Comparing the mean elemental abundances of this structure with predictions from cosmological numerical simulations, we estimate that the progenitor system had a stellar mass of ∼5 × 108 M⊙, or approximately twice the mass of the recently discovered Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage system. We find that the accreted:in situ ratio within our metal-poor ([Fe/H] &lt; –0.8) bulge sample is somewhere between 1:3 and 1:2, confirming predictions of cosmological numerical simulations by various groups.
Testing the evolution of correlations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies using eight strongly lensed quasars
Authors: Ding Xuheng , Treu Tommaso , Birrer Simon , Agnello Adriano , Sluse Dominique , Fassnacht Chris , Auger Matthew W , Wong Kenneth C , Suyu Sherry H , Morishita Takahiro , Rusu Cristian E , Galan Aymeric 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
One of the main challenges in using high-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to study the correlations between the mass of a supermassive black hole ($\mathcal {M}_{\rm BH}$) and the properties of its active host galaxy is instrumental resolution. Strong lensing magnification effectively increases instrumental resolution and thus helps to address this challenge. In this work, we study eight strongly lensed AGNs with deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging, using the lens modelling code lenstronomy to reconstruct the image of the source. Using the reconstructed brightness of the host galaxy, we infer the host galaxy stellar mass based on stellar population models. $\mathcal {M}_{\rm BH}$ are estimated from broad emission lines using standard methods. Our results are in good agreement with recent work based on non-lensed AGNs, demonstrating the potential of using strongly lensed AGNs to extend the study of the correlations to higher redshifts. At the moment, the sample size of lensed AGNs is small and thus they provide mostly a consistency check on systematic errors related to resolution for non-lensed AGNs. However, the number of known lensed AGNs is expected to increase dramatically in the next few years, through dedicated searches in ground- and space-based wide-field surveys, and they may become a key diagnostic of black holes and galaxy co-evolution.
A revisit of PSR J1909−3744 with 15-yr high-precision timing
Authors: Liu K , Guillemot L , Istrate A G , Shao L , Tauris T M , Wex N , Antoniadis J , Chalumeau A , Cognard I , Desvignes G , Freire P C C , Kehl M S , Theureau G 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We report on a high-precision timing analysis and an astrophysical study of the binary millisecond pulsar, PSR J1909−3744, motivated by the accumulation of data with well improved quality over the past decade. Using 15 yr of observations with the Nançay Radio Telescope, we achieve a timing precision of approximately 100 ns. We verify our timing results by using both broad-band and sub-band template matching methods to create the pulse time-of-arrivals. Compared with previous studies, we improve the measurement precision of secular changes in orbital period and projected semimajor axis. We show that these variations are both dominated by the relative motion between the pulsar system and the Solar system barycentre. Additionally, we identified four possible solutions to the ascending node of the pulsar orbit, and measured a precise kinetic distance of the system. Using our timing measurements and published optical observations, we investigate the binary history of this system using the stellar evolution code mesa, and discuss solutions based on detailed WD cooling at the edge of the WD age dichotomy paradigm. We determine the 3D velocity of the system and show that it has been undergoing a highly eccentric orbit around the centre of our Galaxy. Furthermore, we set up a constraint over dipolar gravitational radiation with the system, which is complementary to previous studies given the mass of the pulsar. We also obtain a new limit on the parametrized post-Newtonian parameter, $\left| \hat\alpha_1 \right|$ &lt; 2.1 × 10−5 at 95 per cent confidence level, which is fractionally better than previous best published value and achieved with a more concrete method.
The GOGREEN and GCLASS surveys: first data release
Authors: Balogh Michael L , van der Burg Remco F J , Muzzin Adam , Rudnick Gregory , Wilson Gillian , Webb Kristi , Biviano Andrea , Boak Kevin , Cerulo Pierluigi , Chan Jeffrey , Cooper M C , Gilbank David G , Gwyn Stephen , Lidman Chris , Matharu Jasleen , McGee Sean L , Old Lyndsay , Pintos-Castro Irene , Reeves Andrew M M , Shipley Heath , Vulcani Benedetta , Yee Howard K C , Alonso M Victoria , Bellhouse Callum , Cooke Kevin C , Davidson Anna , De Lucia Gabriella , Demarco Ricardo , Drakos Nicole , Fillingham Sean P , Finoguenov Alexis , Forrest Ben , Golledge Caelan , Jablonka Pascale , Lambas Garcia Diego , McNab Karen , Muriel Hernan , Nantais Julie B , Noble Allison , Parker Laura C , Petter Grayson , Poggianti Bianca M , Townsend Melinda , Valotto Carlos , Webb Tracy , Zaritsky Dennis 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the first public data release of the GOGREEN (Gemini Observations of Galaxies in Rich Early Environments) and GCLASS (Gemini CLuster Astrophysics Spectroscopic Survey) surveys of galaxies in dense environments, spanning a redshift range 0.8 &lt; z &lt; 1.5. The surveys consist of deep, multiwavelength photometry and extensive Gemini GMOS spectroscopy of galaxies in 26 overdense systems ranging in halo mass from small groups to the most massive clusters. The objective of both projects was primarily to understand how the evolution of galaxies is affected by their environment, and to determine the physical processes that lead to the quenching of star formation. There was an emphasis on obtaining unbiased spectroscopy over a wide stellar mass range (M ≳ 2 × 1010 M⊙), throughout and beyond the cluster virialized regions. The final spectroscopic sample includes 2771 unique objects, of which 2257 have reliable spectroscopic redshifts. Of these, 1704 have redshifts in the range 0.8 &lt; z &lt; 1.5, and nearly 800 are confirmed cluster members. Imaging spans the full optical and near-infrared wavelength range, at depths comparable to the UltraVISTA survey, and includes Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 F160W (GOGREEN) and F140W (GCLASS). This data release includes fully reduced images and spectra, with catalogues of advanced data products including redshifts, line strengths, star formation rates, stellar masses, and rest-frame colours. Here, we present an overview of the data, including an analysis of the spectroscopic completeness and redshift quality.
A bright, high rotation-measure FRB that skewers the M33 halo
Authors: Connor L , van Leeuwen J , Oostrum L C , Petroff E , Maan Y , Adams E A K , Attema J J , Bast J E , Boersma O M , Dénes H , Gardenier D W , Hargreaves J E , Kooistra E , Pastor-Marazuela I , Schulz R , Sclocco A , Smits R , Straal S M , van der Schuur D , Vohl D , Adebahr B , de Blok W J G , van Cappellen W A , Coolen A H W M , Damstra S , van Diepen G N J , Frank B S , Hess K M , Hut B , Kutkin A , Loose G Marcel , Lucero D M , Mika Á , Moss V A , Mulder H , Oosterloo T A , Ruiter M , Vedantham H , Vermaas N J , Wijnholds S J , Ziemke J 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of a bright fast radio burst, FRB 191108, with Apertif on the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope. The interferometer allows us to localize the FRB to a narrow 5 arcsec × 7 arcmin ellipse by employing both multibeam information within the Apertif phased-array feed beam pattern, and across different tied-array beams. The resulting sightline passes close to Local Group galaxy M33, with an impact parameter of only 18 kpc with respect to the core. It also traverses the much larger circumgalactic medium (CGM) of M31, the Andromeda Galaxy. We find that the shared plasma of the Local Group galaxies could contribute ∼10 per cent of its dispersion measure of 588 pc cm−3. FRB 191108 has a Faraday rotation measure (RM) of +474 $\pm \, 3$ rad m−2, which is too large to be explained by either the Milky Way or the intergalactic medium. Based on the more moderate RMs of other extragalactic sources that traverse the halo of M33, we conclude that the dense magnetized plasma resides in the host galaxy. The FRB exhibits frequency structure on two scales, one that is consistent with quenched Galactic scintillation and broader spectral structure with Δν ≈ 40 MHz. If the latter is due to scattering in the shared M33/M31 CGM, our results constrain the Local Group plasma environment. We found no accompanying persistent radio sources in the Apertif imaging survey data.
Nanopore sequencing of native adeno-associated virus (AAV) single-stranded DNA using a transposase-based rapid protocol
Authors: Radukic Marco T , Brandt David , Haak Markus , Müller Kristian M , Kalinowski Jörn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) enables transgene characterization of gene therapy vectors such as adeno-associated virus (AAV), but current library generation uses complicated and potentially biased second-strand synthesis. We report that libraries for nanopore sequencing of ssDNA can be conveniently created without second-strand synthesis using a transposase-based protocol. We show for bacteriophage M13 ssDNA that the MuA transposase has unexpected residual activity on ssDNA, explained in part by transposase action on transient double-stranded hairpins. In case of AAV, library creation is additionally aided by genome hybridization. We demonstrate the power of direct sequencing combined with nanopore long reads by characterizing AAV vector transgenes. Sequencing yielded reads up to full genome length, including GC-rich inverted terminal repeats. Unlike short-read techniques, single reads covered genome-genome and genome-contaminant fusions and other recombination events, whilst additionally providing information on epigenetic methylation. Single-nucleotide variants across the transgene cassette were revealed and secondary genome packaging signals were readily identified. Moreover, comparison of sequence abundance with quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated the technique's future potential for quantification of DNA impurities in AAV vector stocks. The findings promote direct nanopore sequencing as a fast and versatile platform for ssDNA characterization, such as AAV ssDNA in research and clinical settings.
Trends in survival and treatment of SEGA: National Cancer Database Analysis
Authors: Ryoo James S , Khalid Syed I , Chaker Anisse N , Behbahani Mandana , Nunna Ravi S , Mehta Ankit I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
SEGA is a rare, slow-growing CNS neoplasm that has historically been treated by surgical resection. However, the advent of a mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 inhibitor, everolimus, has shown promising results in recent clinical trials. We sought to provide an analysis of epidemiological and survival risk factors in this rare tumor entity, while comparing trends in surgical management before and after introduction of everolimus in SEGAs.

Methods
Patients with SEGA were queried from the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2015. Standard statistical analysis was conducted to assess variables associated with the odds of performing surgery and survival, while controlling for confounding variables.

Results
A total of 460 patients were diagnosed with SEGA. Multivariable analysis of survival demonstrated that increased age was associated with decreased survival (HR, 1.05; P &lt; .0001). Multivariable analysis of surgery showed increased age (odds ratio [OR], 1.02, P = .04) and tumor size 20 mm or larger (OR, 9.52-16.75, P &lt; .0001 for all) to be associated with higher odds of performing surgery. The use of radiotherapy (OR, 0.12, P = .008) or chemotherapy (OR, 0.21, P = .008) was associated with lower odds of surgery. A comparison of surgical rates between 2004 and 2010 and 2011 and 2015 was found to be significantly different, with a lower rate of surgery seen after 2011 (60.63% vs 48.06%, P = .007).

Conclusion
Our analysis of SEGAs demonstrated that age was the only variable affecting overall survival. Surgical resection was performed in older patients with larger tumors (&gt; 20 mm) as a primary mode of treatment, without chemoradiotherapy. Expectedly, rates of surgical resection were found to have decreased since 2011, after FDA approval of everolimus for SEGA treatment.
Systematic review of the incidence and risk factors for cerebral vasculopathy and stroke after cranial proton and photon radiation for childhood brain tumors
Authors: Bavle Abhishek , Srinivasan Anand , Choudhry Farooq , Anderson Michael , Confer Michael , Simpson Hilarie , Gavula Theresa , Thompson J Spencer , Clifton Shari , Gross Naina L , McNall-Knapp Rene 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of our study is to determine the incidence, timing, and risk factors for cerebral vasculopathy after cranial proton and photon radiation for pediatric brain tumors.

Methods
We performed a single-institution retrospective review of a cohort of children treated with proton radiation for brain tumors. MRA and/or MRI were reviewed for evidence of cerebral vascular stenosis and infarcts. Twenty-one similar studies (17 photon, 4 proton) were identified by systematic literature review.

Results
For 81 patients with median follow-up of 3 years, the rates of overall and severe vasculopathy were 9.9% and 6.2% respectively, occurring a median of 2 years post radiation. Dose to optic chiasm greater than 45 Gy and suprasellar location were significant risk factors. Results were consistent with 4 prior proton studies (752 patients) that reported incidence of 5% to 6.7%, 1.5 to 3 years post radiation. With significantly longer follow-up (3.7-19 years), 9 studies (1108 patients) with traditional photon radiation reported a higher rate (6.3%-20%) and longer time to vasculopathy (2-28 years). Significant risk factors were neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1; rate 7.6%-60%) and suprasellar tumors (9%-20%). In 10 studies with photon radiation (1708 patients), the stroke rate was 2% to 18.8% (2.3-24 years post radiation).

Conclusions
Childhood brain tumor survivors need screening for vasculopathy after cranial radiation, especially with higher dose to optic chiasm, NF-1, and suprasellar tumors. Prospective studies are needed to identify risk groups, and ideal modality and timing, for screening of this toxicity.
Effects of universal masking on Massachusetts healthcare workers’ COVID-19 incidence
Authors: Lan F-Y , Christophi C A , Buley J , Iliaki E , Bruno-Murtha L A , Sayah A J , Kales S N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) and other essential workers are at risk of occupational infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several infection control strategies have been implemented. Evidence shows that universal masking can mitigate COVID-19 infection, though existing research is limited by secular trend bias.

Aims
To investigate the effect of hospital universal masking on COVID-19 incidence among HCWs compared to the general population.

Methods
We compared the 7-day average incidence rates between a Massachusetts (USA) healthcare system and Massachusetts residents statewide. The study period was from 17 March (the date of first incident case in the healthcare system) to 6 May (the date Massachusetts implemented public masking). The healthcare system implemented universal masking on 26 March, we allotted a 5-day lag for effect onset and peak COVID-19 incidence in Massachusetts was 20 April. Thus, we categorized 17–31 March as the pre-intervention phase, 1–20 April the intervention phase and 21 April to 6 May the epidemic decline phase. Temporal incidence trends (i.e. 7-day average slopes) were compared using standardized coefficients from linear regression models.

Results
The standardized coefficients were similar between the healthcare system and the state in both the pre-intervention and epidemic decline phases. During the intervention phase, the healthcare system’s epidemic slope became negative (standardized β: −0.68, 95% CI: −1.06 to −0.31), while Massachusetts’ slope remained positive (standardized β: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.05).

Conclusions
Universal masking was associated with a decreasing COVID-19 incidence trend among HCWs, while the infection rate continued to rise in the surrounding community.
Intrathecal Drug Delivery System: A Pain Management Option for Refractory Cancer-Related Pain
Authors: Wanderman Robalee L , Hagedorn Jonathan M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer-related pain is progressive and therefore requires a stepwise approach to management, such as the World Health Organization’s Pain Ladder. This approach calls for increasingly strong pain medications in addition to interventional options for patients with medication-refractory pain or intolerable medication side effects. Here, we discuss a case involving cancer-related pain which ultimately required intrathecal drug delivery system placement for optimal pain management.