bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent professionals as talent: Evidence from individual views of working as a contractor
Authors: McKeown Tui , Pichault Francois 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article we challenge the assumption that independent professionals (IPros), that is professionals who work as contractors, freelancers, and self‐employed individuals, are not within the remit of talent management (TM) theory and practice. The TM literature is almost exclusively focused on traditional employees and largely ignores the external workforce, even if like IPros, they epitomize high‐value talent. Moreover, much of the TM literature takes an organizational perspective while the individual perspective remains marginal. Advancing the notion of institutional factors in the macro environment suggested by King and Vaiman, we draw on interviews with 52 IPros in two contrasted institutional contexts to provide an agentic view of TM from outside of the standard employment relationship. Our findings reveal the importance of volition, emotional stability, internal locus of control, and self‐efficacy play in IPros effectively managing personal TM strategies. These strategies allow IPros to overcome the empowerment/powerlessness tensions Daubner‐Siva et al. call the “talent paradox.” Importantly, the results do not vary between the two national contexts, suggesting that embracing a “total TM” strategy, attentive to the personal characteristics of talent, regardless of the regulatory issues linked to employment status, will produce superior outcomes for all.
Magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective peristaltic slip transport of carbon nanotubes dispersed in water through an inclined channel with Joule heating
Authors: Anwar Talha , Tahir Muhammad , Kumam Poom , Ahmed Saleem , Thounthong Phatiphat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarbon nanotubes are considered to be the latest nanotechnology innovation because of their remarkable physical and mechanical properties. Recently, researchers have shown great interest in the peristaltic transport of nanotube‐based nanofluid as this process involves a wide range of uses in the bioengineering, biomechanics, and medical fields. In this investigation, influence of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective peristalsis through an inclined and asymmetric channel is analyzed. The additional physical mechanisms such as velocity slip, viscous dissipation, thermal slip, Joule heating, and heat consumption/injection are also encountered. The principal equations are formulated under the estimation of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. Perturbation method is operated to evaluate the solutions of subsequent nonlinear system of equations for small Brinkman number. To deeply analyze the characteristics of embedded parameters, graphs are presented and comprehensive interpretation is provided. Rate of heat transfer is augmented for higher proportion of SWCNTs in base fluid water. At the center of channel, increasing volume fraction of SWCNTs and strong Lorentz force retard the motion of fluid while flow is accelerated in more inclined channel. Volume fraction of SWCNTs, Grashof number, and inclination parameter encourage the pressure gradient at wider part of the channel. The size of bolus is contracted by strong Lorentz force and large volume fraction of SWCNTs. Three basic models named as Maxwell's, Hamilton‐Crosser's, and Xue's model are utilized to forecast the thermal conductivity of nanofluid and succeeding numerical computations for heat transfer rate are presented through table. It is found that the Xue's model is most effective to anticipate the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Moreover, the addition of a heat sink in the system significantly influences the heat transfer process and plays a supportive role to rapidly cool down the channel.
Utilization cost of maternity services for childbirth among pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 in Nigeria’s epicenter
Authors: Banke‐Thomas Aduragbemi , Makwe Christian Chigozie , Balogun Mobolanle , Afolabi Bosede Bukola , Alex‐Nwangwu Theresa Amaogechukwu , Ameh Charles Anawo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate utilization costs of spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) and cesarean delivery (CD) for pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) at the largest teaching hospital in Lagos, the pandemic's epicenter in Nigeria.MethodsWe collected facility‐based and household costs of all nine pregnant women with COVID‐19 managed at the hospital. We compared their mean facility‐based costs with those paid by pregnant women pre‐COVID‐19, identifying cost‐drivers. We also estimated what would have been paid without subsidies, testing assumptions with a sensitivity analysis.ResultsTotal utilization costs ranged from US $494 for SVD with mild COVID‐19 to US $4553 for emergency CD with severe COVID‐19. Though 32%–66% of facility‐based cost were subsidized, costs of SVD and CD during the pandemic have doubled and tripled, respectively, compared with those paid pre‐COVID‐19. Of the facility‐based costs, cost of personal protective equipment was the major cost‐driver (50%). Oxygen was the major driver for women with severe COVID‐19 (48%). Excluding treatment costs for COVID‐19, mean facility‐based costs were US $228 (SVD) and US $948 (CD).ConclusionDespite cost exemptions and donations, utilization costs remain prohibitive. Regulation of personal protective equipment and medical oxygen supply chains and expansion of advocacy for health insurance enrollments are needed in order to minimize catastrophic health expenditure.
3D printed bismuth oxide‐polylactic acid composites for radio‐mimetic computed tomography spine phantoms
Authors: Arnold John , Sarkar Korak , Smith Damon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) composite filaments with varying concentrations of bismuth oxide microparticle additives were fabricated for use with commercially available fused filament fabrication (FFF) printing systems for the production of spine phantoms that mimic the radiopacity of bone. Thermal analysis showed that the additives had limited impact on the glass transition temperature and melting point of the filaments, allowing for their use in commercial FFF systems with standard printer settings. The ultimate strength of the printed test specimens was found to reduce slightly when bismuth oxide was added in high concentrations, with a moderate reduction of 12% compared to PLA at the highest concentration of 30 wt%. The modulus of the specimens increased by up to 24% with the addition of the additive. The radiopacity of specimens printed with the composite filaments were measured by X‐ray microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and clinical computed tomography (CT). The CT number was found to increase by approximately 196 HU per wt% of bismuth oxide added to the filaments. A phantom model of a cervical spine deformity was successfully printed by FFF with a composite filament which was calibrated to mimic the radiopacity of cervical and cortical bone. The results indicate that the composite filaments have direct applicability for the production of phantoms used for education and preoperative planning.
On the stability and chemical bond of noble gas halide cations NgX+ (Ng = He – Rn; X = F – I)
Authors: Arrué Lily , Pino‐Rios Ricardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the belief that noble gases (Ng) are completely inert and cannot form stable molecules, a variety of Ng compounds have been reported under laboratory conditions and others were recently detected in the interstellar media, raising interest in knowing and studying their bond nature and the physicochemical properties associated with their stability. In the present work, a systematic analysis of the thermodynamic stability of noble gas halide cations (NgX+) at the CCSD(T)/def2‐QZVP level have been performed. In addition, chemical bond was characterized through Natural Bonding Theory (NBO), Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) with relativistic corrections. All methods suggest that NgX+ compounds possess a strong covalent bond. However, results show that only compounds containing Ar–Rn atoms are thermodynamic stable with a highly energetic and endergonic dissociation process. For these reasons, it is possible to suggest that several compounds that have not yet been reported could be obtained at the laboratory level or observed in the interstellar medium.
De novo generation of optically active small organic molecules using Monte Carlo tree search combined with recurrent neural network
Authors: Tashiro Motomichi , Imamura Yutaka , Katouda Michio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOptically active small organic molecules are computationally designed using the ChemTS python library developed by Tsuda and collaborators, which utilizes a combined Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) and recurrent neural network model. Geometry optimization and excited‐state calculations are performed for each generated molecule, following which the excitation energy and dissymmetry factors are computed to evaluate the score function in the MCTS process. Using this procedure, molecules not contained in existing databases are generated. Molecules having either high dissymmetry factors or high transition dipole strengths can be generated depending on the choice of the score function. In a single trajectory with 100,000 trials, mutually similar high‐scoring molecules are generated frequently after the initial 15,000–20,000 trials. This indicates that it is better to sample high‐scoring molecules from several trajectories having a modest number of trials each than from a single trajectory having a large number of trials.
Is positive mental health and the absence of mental illness the same? Factors associated with flourishing and the absence of depressive symptoms in postpartum women
Authors: Monteiro Fabiana , Fonseca Ana , Pereira Marco , Canavarro Maria C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveExploring a wide range of factors associated with flourishing and with the absence of depressive symptoms among postpartum women.MethodsA sample of 661 postpartum women completed a set of questionnaires assessing sociodemographic and infant‐related data, flourishing, psychological flexibility, self‐compassion, resilience, and maternal confidence.ResultsYounger infant age, higher levels of maternal confidence, and resilience increased the likelihood of flourishing. In turn, higher income, fewer problems with an infant's sleep, perceiving an infant's temperament as easy, and higher psychological flexibility increased the likelihood of not having depressive symptoms. Appraising the support received by others as good and having higher self‐compassion increased the likelihood of both outcomes.ConclusionsOur results support positive mental health and mental illness being related but distinct dimensions. Promoting positive mental health in the postpartum period should be an additional goal in public health care as it may efficiently complement the prevention of psychopathology.
Evaluating High Spatial Resolution Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging at 3T: Reproducibility and Quality of Fit
Authors: Kasa Loxlan W. , Haast Roy A.M. , Kuehn Tristan K. , Mushtaha Farah N. , Baron Corey A. , Peters Terry , Khan Ali R. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundDiffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) quantifies the non‐Gaussian diffusion of water within tissue microstructure. However, it has increased fitting parameters and requires higher b‐values. Evaluation of DKI reproducibility is important for clinical purposes.PurposeTo assess the reproducibility in whole‐brain high‐resolution DKI at varying b‐values.Study TypeRetrospective.Subjects and PhantomsIn all, 44 individuals from the test–retest Human Connectome Project (HCP) database and 12 3D‐printed phantoms.Field Strength/SequenceDiffusion‐weighted multiband echo‐planar imaging sequence at 3T and 9.4T. magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo at 3T for in vivo structural data only.AssessmentFrom HCP data with b‐values = 1000, 2000, 3000 s/mm2 (dataset A), two additional datasets with b‐values = 1000, 3000 s/mm2 (dataset B) and b‐values = 1000, 2000 s/mm2 (dataset C) were extracted. Estimated DKI metrics from each dataset were used for evaluating reproducibility and fitting quality in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) based on whole‐brain and regions of interest (ROIs).Statistical TestsDKI reproducibility was assessed using the within‐subject coefficient of variation (CoV), fitting residuals to evaluate DKI fitting accuracy and Pearson's correlation to investigate the presence of systematic biases. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical comparison.ResultsDatasets A and B exhibited lower DKI CoVs (<20%) compared to C (<50%) in both WM and GM ROIs (all P < 0.05). This effect varies between DKI and DTI parameters (P < 0.005). Whole‐brain fitting residuals were consistent across datasets (P > 0.05), but lower residuals in dataset B were detected for the WM ROIs (P < 0.001). A similar trend was observed for the phantom data CoVs (<7.5%) at varying fiber orientations for datasets A and B. Finally, dataset C was characterized by higher residuals across the different fiber crossings (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionThe study demonstrates that high reproducibility can still be achieved within a reasonable scan time, specifically dataset B, supporting the potential of DKI for aiding clinical tools in detecting microstructural changes.
Dipolar mode of precipitation changes between north China and the Yangtze River Valley existed over the entire Holocene: Evidence from the sediment record of Nanyi Lake
Authors: Liu Jianbao , Shen Zhongwei , Chen Wei , Chen Jie , Zhang Xu , Chen Jianhui , Chen Fahu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInstrumental data indicate the occurrence of a dipolar pattern of precipitation anomalies between north China and the Yangtze River Valley (YRV), which was termed “northern drought (flood)—southern flood (drought)” scenario. It has been shown that this pattern occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). However, there are questions about whether this dipolar pattern also occurred during the entire Holocene, and the mechanism responsible. Addressing these questions is of fundamental importance for understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of precipitation in East Asian summer monsoon region. Numerous studies of north China have demonstrated that the mid‐Holocene was humid, and the early and late Holocene were dry. However, there are relatively few equivalent studies in the YRV. To this end, we conducted detailed geochemical analysis of an AMS 14C‐dated sediment core from Lake Nanyi in the YRV. Our results indicate humid periods at Lake Nanyi occurred during 11.5–8.0 ka and from 2.0 ka to the present, while dry conditions occurred during ~8.0–2.0 ka. These results, together with published records from Dajiuhu peatland and Heshang Cave, collectively indicate in the YRV, the mid‐Holocene (~8.0–3.0 ka) was dry, while the early and late Holocene were humid, which is the inverse of the pattern in north China. Thus, we conclude there was an asynchronous evolution of hydroclimatic changes between north China and the YRV during the Holocene. We interpret this dipolar pattern as the result of ENSO variations: in a La Niña‐like state, the Western Pacific Subtropical High retreated northeastward, which would enable the rainfall belt to move northward and result in increased (decreased) precipitation in north China (the YRV). Sea surface temperature records from the Pacific Ocean and model simulations support this mechanism: a La Niña‐like state in the mid‐Holocene resulted in more (less) precipitation in north China (the YRV).
Comparison of Equations to Predict Energy Requirements With Indirect Calorimetry in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Oliveira Ana Caroline da Silva , de Oliveira Carolina Cunha , de Jesus Monique Tavares , Menezes Nara Nayane Brito , de Gois Fernanda Noronha , da Silva Juliana Teixeira , Santos Larissa Menezes 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of methods to determine resting energy expenditure (REE) contributes toward the adequate provision of nutrition support to hospitalized patients. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is considered the gold‐standard method to determine REE. The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of agreement between the REE measured by IC (REE‐IC) and REE estimated by predictive equations in intensive care unit patients.MethodsThe sample is made up of intensive care unit patients aged >18 years, both male and female, undergoing nutrition therapy. The predictive equations to estimate REE were the Harris Benedict (HB), Ireton Jones (IJ), and practical method (PM). Degree of agreement between REE‐predictive equations and REE‐IC was analyzed by the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland‐Altman test.ResultsAverage energy obtained by IC was significantly different from HB and IJ equations (P < .001). The HB equation significantly underestimated the REE‐IC for body mass index (BMI) classification. Significant concordance was observed between the REE‐IC and all estimate equations (P < .05). The IJ equation showed the greatest degree of concordance for BMI classification of underweight (ICC = 0.674; P = .011) and presented the least difference between the averages of the energy when compared with REE‐IC (107.8 kcal/d; P < .05).ConclusionThe IJ equation showed better results with IC, with the greatest degree of concordance for BMI classification of underweight. Further research should develop others equations and validate tools to measure energy expenditure for accurate dietary recommendations for hospitalized patients undergoing nutrition therapy.
Recurrence patterns in patients with Stage II melanoma: The evolving role of routine imaging for surveillance
Authors: Bleicher Josh , Swords Douglas S. , Mali Meghan E. , McGuire Lauren , Pahlkotter Maranda K. , Asare Elliot A. , Bowles Tawnya L. , Hyngstrom John R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe relatively recent availability of effective systemic therapies for metastatic melanoma necessitates reconsideration of current surveillance patterns. Evidence supporting surveillance guidelines for resected Stage II melanoma is lacking. Prior reports note routine imaging detects only 21% of recurrent disease. This study aims to define recurrence patterns for Stage II melanoma to inform future surveillance guidelines.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients with Stage II melanoma. We analyzed risk factors for recurrence and methods of recurrence detection. We also assessed survival. Yearly hazards of recurrence were visualized.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 4.9 years, 158 per 580 patients (27.2%) recurred. Overall, most recurrences were patient‐detected (60.7%) or imaging‐detected (27.3%). Routine imaging was important in detecting recurrence in patients with distant recurrences (adjusted rate 43.1% vs. 9.4% for local/in‐transit; p = .04) and with Stage IIC melanoma (42.5% vs. 18.5% for IIA; p = .01). Male patients also self‐detected recurrent disease less than females (52.1% vs. 76.8%; p < .01).ConclusionsRoutine imaging surveillance played a larger role in detecting recurrent disease for select groups in this cohort than noted in prior studies. In an era of effective systemic therapy, routine imaging should be considered for detection of asymptomatic relapse for select, high‐risk patient groups.
Sphincter‐saving surgery for ultra‐low rectal carcinoma initially indicated for abdominoperineal resection: Is it safe on a long‐term follow‐up?
Authors: Rouanet Philippe , Rivoire Michel , Gourgou Sophie , Lelong Bernard , Rullier Eric , Jafari Merhdad , Mineur Laurent , Pocard Marc , Faucheron Jean Luc , Dravet François , Pezet Denis , Fabre Jean Michel , Bresler Laurent , Balosso Jacques , Taoum Christophe , Lemanski Claire 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRate of abdominoperineal resection (APR) varies from countries and surgeons. Surgical impact of preoperative treatment for ultra‐low rectal carcinoma (ULRC) initially indicated for APR is debated. We report the 10‐year oncological results from a prospective controlled trial (GRECCAR 1) which evaluate the sphincter saving surgery (SSR).MethodsULRC indicated for APR were included (n = 207). Randomization was between high‐dose radiation (HDR, 45 + 18 Gy) and radiochemotherapy (RCT, 45 Gy + 5FU infusion). Surgical decision was based on tumour volume regression at surgery. SSR technique was standardized as mucosectomy (M) or partial (PISR)/complete (CISR) intersphincteric resection.ResultsOverall SSR rate was 85% (72% ISR), postoperative morbidity 27%, with no mortality. There were no significant differences between the HDR and RCT groups: 10‐year overall survival (OS10) 70.1% versus 69.4%, respectively, 10.2% local recurrence (9.2%/14.5%) and 27.6% metastases (32.4%/27.7%). OS and disease‐free survival were significantly longer for SSR (72.2% and 60.1%, respectively) versus APR (54.7% and 38.3%). No difference in OS10 between surgical approaches (M 78.9%, PISR 75.5%, CISR 65.5%) or tumour location (low 64.8%, ultralow 76.7%).ConclusionGRECCAR 1 demonstrates the feasibility of safely changing an initial APR indication into an SSR procedure according to the preoperative treatment tumour response. Long‐term oncologic follow‐up validates this attitude.
Metabolic profiling of ligustilide and identification of the metabolite in rat and human hepatocytes by liquid chromatography combined with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Tao Simei , Li Huidi , Liu Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLigustilide is one of the most abundant bioactive ingredients in Rhizoma Chuanxiong that has been widely prescribed for medicinal purposes in China. To better understand the disposition and action of ligustilide, it is necessary to investigate the metabolic profiles. The in vitro metabolism was elucidated through incubating ligustilide with human and rat hepatocytes at 37°C. The incubation samples were collected at predefined time points to determine the metabolic stability. Upon metabolite identification and profiling, the incubation samples were analyzed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with diode array detector and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The structures of the metabolites were characterized based on their mass spectrometry spectra, tandem mass spectrometry spectra, and fragmentation patterns. Ligustilide showed fast metabolism with high intrinsic clearance both in rat and human hepatocyte incubations. The half‐lives of ligustilide in rat and human hepatocyte incubations were 8.0 and 15.0 min, respectively. Most of the parent (>90%) was biotransformed into the metabolites. Among these metabolites, M1 (senkyunolide I) was the major metabolite both in rat and human hepatocytes with the percentage of 42 and 70%, respectively. The metabolic pathways of ligustilide included epoxidation, epoxide hydrolysis, aromatization, hydroxylation, and glutathionylation. This work provided an overview of the metabolic profiles of ligustilide, which would be helpful for us to understand the action of this compound.