bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of LAVs administered after pediatric LT
Authors: Funaki Takanori , Shoji Kensuke , Fukuda Akinari , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo , Miyairi Isao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent guidelines suggest that LAVs may be given to LT recipients meeting certain criteria. However, information is still limited. We sought to evaluate the safety of LAVs, including measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella to LT recipients following our clinically based immunization protocol for LT recipients. We conducted a case‐series analysis on safety of LAVs for measles, rubella, varicella, and mumps given to LT recipients at our institution from July 2010 to July 2019. Patients who underwent LT at age <20 years who visited our immunization clinic were included. LT recipients were vaccinated if 2 years had lapsed from LT, had no signs of rejection within 6 months, and were on minimal immunosuppressants. Patient demographics, underlying diseases, type and number of vaccines administered, date of vaccination, and adverse events occurring within 4 weeks after vaccination were extracted from their medical records. During the study period, LAVs were administered 422 times to 209 patients who met criteria and included 225 doses of MR combination vaccine, 224 doses of varicella vaccine, and 215 doses of mumps vaccine. Underlying diseases included cholestatic liver diseases (n = 125), followed by metabolic diseases (n = 33) and acute liver failure (n = 19). Nine non‐critical adverse events (2.1%) possibly associated with LAVs were reported, but there were no serious adverse events, including hospitalizations or deaths. In conclusion, LAVs administered to LT recipients were safe without any serious adverse events following our relatively simple institutional protocol.
Repeated CD45RA‐depleted DLI successfully increases donor chimerism in a patient with beta‐thalassemia major after haploidentical stem cell transplant
Authors: Chan Wilson Y. K. , Kwok Janette S. Y. , Chiang Alan K. S. , Chan Godfrey C. F. , Lee Pamela P. W. , Ha Shau‐Yin , Cheuk Daniel K. L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative for transfusion‐dependent thalassemia, but mixed chimerism (MC) may herald graft rejection. We report a child who failed bone marrow transplant (BMT) from matched unrelated donor (MUD) successfully salvaged with haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT), but had MC in T‐lymphocyte compartment despite near‐complete donor chimerism in myeloid compartment. MC was successfully improved by repeated CD45RA‐depleted donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). A 2‐year‐old Chinese girl with beta‐thalassemia major underwent 12/12‐MUD BMT with HU/AZA/Cy/Flu/Bu/TT conditioning resulted in graft rejection. As donor refused second donation, rescue haploidentical PBSCT was performed with alemtuzumab/fludarabine/treosulfan conditioning. Harvest product was CD3/CD45RA depleted with extra products cryopreserved. Split cell chimerism performed 1‐month after haplo‐transplant showed 97% mother, 3% MUD, and 0% host for granulocytes but 38% mother, 62% MUD, and 0% host for CD3 + T cells. In view of low haploidentical donor chimerism in T‐lymphocyte compartment, CD45RA‐depleted DLI using cryopreserved product was performed on day + 38, after thymoglobulin 3 mg/kg given as T‐cell depletion 3 days beforehand. T‐cell chimerism improved to 51% mother and 49% MUD post‐DLI. Second cryopreserved CD45RA‐depleted DLI was given 17 days after the first DLI (day + 55), and 100% full chimerism of mother's T cells was gradually established without significant graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) or viral reactivation. To conclude, split lineage chimerism determination is beneficial to guide management strategy. For MC in T‐cell compartment, CD45RA‐depleted DLI is a potential alternative to unselected T cells as it carries lower risk of GVHD and infection.
Declining mortality rates in children admitted to ICU following HCT
Authors: Jensen Marie Louise Næstholt , Nielsen Jeppe Sylvest Angaard , Nielsen Jonas , Lundstrøm Kaare Engell , Heilmann Carsten , Ifversen Marianne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe aimed to assess short‐ and long‐term mortality, including factors associated with mortality, for children referred to a pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) at Rigshospitalet, Denmark, following haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Data regarding admission to ICU and mortality following HCT for children below 16 years of age between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. We identified 55 ICU admissions in 39 patients following 46 HCTs. The overall in‐ICU, in‐hospital, 3‐month, and 1‐year mortality rates were 33.3%, 43.6%, 46.2%, and 51.3%, respectively. Patients admitted from 2000 to 2010 had a 3‐month mortality of 63.2% and 1‐year mortality of 68.4%, compared to 30% and 35% (P = .040 and P = .039) for patients admitted from 2011 to 2017. The main reason for ICU admission was respiratory failure (78.2%). Mechanical ventilation (MV) was associated with a higher long‐term mortality (P = .044), and use of inotropes or vasopressors was associated with increased mortality at all times (all P > .006). Extracorporeal life support, renal replacement therapy, longer ICU stay, and longer time with MV were not associated with increased mortality. Over the past two decades, mortality was significantly reduced in pediatric HCT patients admitted to the ICU. The cause is probably multifactorial and warrants further studies. Our findings support admissions of critically ill pediatric HCT patients to intensive care with encouraging outcomes of even long‐term admissions.
Text Mining Approaches for Postmarket Food Safety Surveillance Using Online Media
Authors: Goldberg David M. , Khan Samee , Zaman Nohel , Gruss Richard J. , Abrahams Alan S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFood contamination and food poisoning pose enormous risks to consumers across the world. As discussions of consumer experiences have spread through online media, we propose the use of text mining to rapidly screen online media for mentions of food safety hazards. We compile a large data set of labeled consumer posts spanning two major websites. Utilizing text mining and supervised machine learning, we identify unique words and phrases in online posts that identify consumers’ interactions with hazardous food products. We compare our methods to traditional sentiment‐based text mining. We assess performance in a high‐volume setting, utilizing a data set of over 4 million online reviews. Our methods were 77–90% accurate in top‐ranking reviews, while sentiment analysis was just 11–26% accurate. Moreover, we aggregate review‐level results to make product‐level risk assessments. A panel of 21 food safety experts assessed our model's hazard‐flagged products to exhibit substantially higher risk than baseline products. We suggest the use of these tools to profile food items and assess risk, building a postmarket decision support system to identify hazardous food products. Our research contributes to the literature and practice by providing practical and inexpensive means for rapidly monitoring food safety in real time.
The level of naturally occurring anti‐αGal antibody predicts antibody response to polysaccharide vaccination in HIV‐infected adults
Authors: Bernth Jensen Jens Magnus , Søgaard Ole Schmeltz , Thiel Steffen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn clinical practice, the capacity for producing anti‐carbohydrate antibodies is regarded as an entity, but supportive evidence is lacking. We hypothesized that the outcome of the gold standard test for clinical assessment of this capacity, antibody response to polysaccharide vaccination, correlated with the level of the abundant naturally occurring anti‐carbohydrate antibody, anti‐αGal. To perform an exploratory study, 47 HIV‐infected adults were recruited from a vaccine trial. Participants received a 23‐valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine. Plasma samples obtained just before and median 4 weeks after the vaccination were quantified for IgG anti‐αGal antibody and IgG antibodies to polysaccharides present in the vaccine (serotypes 1, 7F and 19A) by solid‐phase type immunoassays. The vaccination responses were assessed as a categorical variable (based on criteria defined by The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology and the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology) and as three different continuous variables (antibody increment, geometrical average and standard normal deviates of the achieved antibody concentrations). The baseline anti‐αGal level predicted the vaccine response as a categorical variable (ROC‐curve analysis, AUC = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.55‐0.86) and as the three continuous variables (eg slope of linear regression of geometrical average = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.15‐0.59). The correlation between the anti‐αGal level and antibody responses to polysaccharide vaccination fits with a shared underlying capacity. Thus, the present study supports the notion of a measurable capacity for the production of anti‐carbohydrate antibodies in each individual. Firm conclusions on the generalizability and clinical utility require further studies.
Digital policy to disability employment? An ecosystem perspective on China and Australia
Authors: Li Bingqin , Fisher Karen R. , Farrant Frances Quan , Cheng Zhiming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlobally, labour markets are encountering profound changes because of the digital revolution. Middle‐income countries such as China are leapfrogging high‐income countries to take advantage of the digital economy. The growing use of digital technologies is also reshaping the labour market in high‐income countries such as Australia. Potentially, new technologies may facilitate both employers and employees to overcome some of the barriers to disability employment. However, it seems that the opportunities and hopes have not yet translated into improved employment rate for people with disability. This paper uses an ecosystem framework to examine the state's role in improving the critical elements of disability employment: developing a national strategy, creating employment opportunities, building capacity and enhancing accessibility. This paper compares the historical development of disability employment and the policies introduced to take advantage of digital technologies across China and Australia. It studies the national policies, funded activities and the governing structure in China and Australia. The findings revealed distinctive approaches that have played to the strengths of each country. However, both countries need to address the weaker links to deliver a real paradigm shift.
Estimation of the incubation time distribution for COVID‐19
Authors: Groeneboom Piet 
Published: December 2020

We consider smooth nonparametric estimation of the incubation time distribution of COVID‐19, in connection with the investigation of researchers from the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Dutch: RIVM) of 88 travelers from Wuhan: Backer et al. (2020). The advantages of the smooth nonparametric approach with respect to the parametric approach, using three parametric distributions (Weibull, log‐normal and gamma) in Backer et al. (2020) is discussed. It is shown that the typical rate of convergence of the smooth estimate of the density is n2/7 in a continuous version of the model, where n is the sample size. The (nonsmoothed) nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator itself is computed by the iterative convex minorant algorithm (Groeneboom and Jongbloed (2014)). All computations are available as R scripts in Groeneboom (2020a).
Positioning of endoplasmic reticulum exit sites around the Golgi depends on BicaudalD2 and Rab6 activity
Authors: Shomron Olga , Hirschberg Koret , Burakov Anton , Kamentseva Rimma , Kornilova Elena , Nadezhdina Elena , Brodsky Ilya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in biogenesis, modification and transport of secreted and membrane proteins. The ER membranes are spread throughout the cell cytoplasm as well as the export domains known as ER exit sites (ERES). A subpopulation of ERES is centrally localized proximal to the Golgi apparatus. The significance of this subpopulation on ER‐to‐Golgi transport remains unclear. Transport carriers (TCs) form at the ERES via a COPII‐dependent mechanism and move to Golgi on microtubule (MT) tracks. It was shown previously that ERES are distributed along MTs and undergo chaotic short‐range movements and sporadic rapid long‐range movements. The long‐range movements of ERES are impaired by either depolymerization of MTs or inhibition of dynein, suggesting that ERES central concentration is mediated by dynein activity. We demonstrate that the processive movements of ERES are frequently coupled with the TC departure. Using the Sar1a[H79G]‐induced ERES clustering at the perinuclear region, we identified BicaudalD2 (BicD2) and Rab6 as components of the dynein adaptor complex which drives perinuclear ERES concentration at the cell center. BicD2 partially colocalized with ERES and with TC. Peri‐Golgi ERES localization was significantly affected by inhibition of BicD2 function with its N‐terminal fragment or inhibition of Rab6 function with its dominant‐negative mutant. Golgi accumulation of secretory protein was delayed by inhibition of Rab6 and BicD2. Thus, we conclude that a BicD2/Rab6 dynein adaptor is required for maintenance of Golgi‐associated ERES. We propose that Golgi‐associated ERES may enhance the efficiency of the ER‐to‐Golgi transport.
Talent development and labour market integration in European football
Authors: Norbäck Pehr‐Johan , Olsson Martin , Persson Lars 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that altered incentives for clubs to develop star players after the Bosman ruling can explain why European football has seen lower competitive balance in the Champions League but more competitive balance at the national level. By having a profound impact on the transfers of players within the European Union (EU), the Bosman ruling led to stiffer bidding competition over football stars. We show that this spurred talent development primarily in EU countries without established top clubs having a positive impact on their junior and senior national teams' performance. However, the stiffer bidding competition also led to a lower competitive balance in the Champions League, as non‐established clubs prefer to sell their star players instead of challenging the top clubs. We provide empirical evidence consistent with these findings.
Lateral condylar fracture secondary to humeral intracondylar fissure in a cat
Authors: Holloway Gemma L. , Midgley Duncan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report the progression of a humeral intracondylar fissure (HIF) into a lateral humeral condylar fracture and successful treatment in a cat.Study designCase report.AnimalsOne 8‐year‐old, male, neutered, Maine coon crossbreed cat.MethodsA lateral humeral condylar fracture occurred in a cat with no history of trauma. A partial HIF was identified by computed tomography of the contralateral elbow, progressing to fracture 279 days later. Both fractures were repaired surgically at the time of their diagnoses.ResultsBoth lateral humeral condylar fractures were repaired with a transcondylar lag screw and caudolaterally applied locking plate. These repairs led to bone union and full return to function of surgically treated limbs. Eight hundred thirty‐six days after initial presentation, a nontraumatic transverse patella fracture was diagnosed, which combined with a clinical history of extraction of retained deciduous canines supports a diagnosis of patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome (PADS).ConclusionEvidence of progression of HIF to fracture in a cat with PADS has implications for management of elbow‐related lameness in this species. In this report, we seek to alert practitioners to the potential for HIF to be seen in cats and that cats presenting for humeral condylar fracture should undergo further assessment for patella and other fractures as well as dental anomalies. Key features of PADS may not be present at the time of initial assessment.
Comparison of Thermal Management Approaches for Integrated Traction Drives in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kekelia Bidzina , Cousineau J. Emily , Bennion Kevin , Narumanchi Sreekant , Chowdhury Shajjad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The continuous push to increase power densities of electric vehicle (EV) traction drive systems necessitates combining electric motor and power electronics into one unit. A single, compact traction drive unit with fewer interconnecting components also facilitates fast, automated assembly of electric vehicles, driving production costs down and enabling wider adoption of EVs. There are a number of challenges associated with the integration of power electronics with the electric machine, including thermal management of the combined traction drive system. However, one important benefit of integration from the thermal management system perspective is the potential for using a single fluid loop instead of two separate cooling systems for the electric machine and the power electronics/inverter.
This paper reviews several integration approaches and, employing finite element analysis (FEA), compares thermal management solutions for the combined electric machine and power electronics systems. Namely, three different scenarios are modeled: (1) independent component (motor and power electronics) cooling, which is compared to the combined cooling system approach for (2) radially and (3) axially integrated power electronics modules into the motor enclosure. Temperature distributions for selected thermal loads and thermal resistances from the key heat-generating components to the cooling fluid are compared for each scenario.
Thermal Analysis of Wavy Thermal Management System With Phase Change Composite and Pyrolytic Graphite Sheet for Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Packs
Authors: Gresham-Chisolm Damon , Smith Sonya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present study, a wavy designed thermal management system (TMS) is introduced for cylindrical lithium-ion battery pack modules incorporating a phase change composite (PCC) surrounding the cells, a cooling tube, and a pyrolytic graphite sheet (PGS) integrated into the wavy design on both sides of the cooling tube. We systematically investigate its cooling behavior via thermal analysis in Ansys FLUENT. This thermal management system takes advantage of the PCC’s capabilities to maintain temperature uniformity and PGS’s thermal conductivity to increase the rate of heat removal. The 1S20P battery pack design was simulated at different cell volumetric heat generation rates from normal to uphill conditions to observe cooling capabilities under different thermal loads.
Local Heat Energy Transport Analyses in Gallium-Indium-Nitride/Gallium Nitride Heterostructure by Microscopic Raman Imaging Exploiting Simultaneous Irradiation of Two Laser Beams
Authors: Okamoto Shungo , Saito Naomichi , Ito Kotaro , Ma Bei , Morita Ken , Iida Daisuke , Ohkawa Kazuhiro , Ishitani Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Local heat transport in two GaxIn1-xN/GaN-heterostructures on sapphire substrates is investigated by microscopic Raman imaging using two lasers of 532 nm (Raman observation) and 325 nm (heat generation and Raman observation), which enables the separation of heat generation and Raman observation positions. It is found that E2(high) and A1(LO) modes of the Ga0.84In0.16N layer exhibit mutually different characteristics, which indicates the analysis of the occupation of the A1(LO) mode is available. E2(high) mode of the GaN layer observed by the 532-nm laser reveals that the transport of the heat energy generated in the Ga0.84In0.16N layer to the GaN under layer is blocked in the high-density area of misfit dislocation in the vicinity of the heterointerface.
System and Component Level Risk Assessment for SiC MOSFET Based Inverter for Traction Application
Authors: Mohammad Nafis Bakhtiyar , Mahmud Mohammad , Wang Zhongjing , Wu Yuheng , Huitink David , Zhao Yue 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Monitoring and predicting temperatures at critical locations of a power electronic system is important for safety, reliability and efficiency. As the market share of vehicles with electric powertrains continue to increase, there is also an important economic cost of failing electronic components. For inverters present in such a drive system, exceeding the temperature limit for certain critical components, such as DC-link capacitors and Silicon carbide MOSFETs, can lead to failure of the system. In such an application, extracting the temperatures using sensors from locations such as dies and capacitors require expensive modifications and poses technical challenges. It is therefore necessary to create a thermal model for the inverter system to estimate the temperature at various components in order to ensure operation within temperature limits. The model approach is also suitable for predicting the effect on the component temperature and reliability of boundary conditions such as coolant, ambient temperature and mission profile. This study assesses the reliability of a 250 kW liquid cooled inverter system designed for traction application. The critical failure areas are the DC-link capacitors, and the SiC MOSFET dies which are rated at 175 degrees C. The system is modeled as a compact system by reasonably considering each component as a lumped capacitance and estimating the thermal resistance using physical dimensions. Results from the model are then compared against experimental data from constant power testing, and good agreement is observed for the cold plate and gate driver temperatures. With the model fidelity established, the model is then used to implement drive cycles from the Environmental Protection Agency for nonroad applications. The resulting temperature profile for each component are a series of temperature peaks and troughs that contribute to damage and failure. Rainflow counting algorithm is then used to quantify the damage per mini-cycles, and used to estimate the predicted life for each component based on their manufacturer provided reliability qualification and the mission profile is executed on the test bench for validation. The results are then used to generate a system risk matrix that relates the failure risk associated with a certain mission profile and the cooling scheme. It therefore demonstrates that an automotive inverter with SiC switching devices can be credibly assessed for failure risk using a compact model that is independent of boundary conditions, in combination with established reliability correlations and techniques.