bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Fidelity Simulation of Critical Deterioration Events in Pediatric Patients: A Learning Needs Assessment
Authors: Lee Jung , Lin Jainn Jim , Hsia Shao Hsuan , Huang Jing Long , Chiu Cheng Hsun , Lin Min Huey , Chuang Cheng Keng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWe introduced high-fidelity simulation (HFS) using mannequins to teach pediatric residents about critical deterioration events (CDE; respiratory failure, circulatory shock, or both) in pediatric patients over a 1-year period. For an effective HFS program, a learning needs assessment is required. We assessed pediatric residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the new learning tool.MethodsA 20-item paper-based questionnaire survey was completed by pediatric residents of a tertiary medical center who participated in the HFS program.ResultsThirty-four (85%) of 40 pediatric residents responded to the survey. Their mean age was 29.35 ± 1.25 years, and 10 (29.4%) were male. The primary learning objective was the acquisition of technical skill. However, the residents considered HFS helpful for the acquisition of both technical and non-technical skills. A questionnaire with a seven-point Likert scale (1–7) was used to assess resident attitudes toward the HFS. The residents scored highly for active engagement with the HFS (mean score, 5.32 ± 1.45) and reported moderate stress levels (mean score, 4.35 ± 1.27). The residents (n = 34) considered HFS training before encountering a real patient with a similar presentation helpful (mean score, 6.32 ± 0.58), and also considered its future use for improving the management of CDE in pediatric patients important (mean score, 6.41 ± 0.7). The main barrier to HFS session attendance was lack of time (76.5%, n = 26).ConclusionsHFS is helpful for residents learning about CDE in pediatric patients, and should be integrated into their training curriculum. Sufficient time is needed for effective HFS learning.
Psychological and behavioral responses of nursing interns from 12 Chinese universities during the COVID-19 epidemic: a knowledge, attitude and practice survey
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Hailin , Xu Yuzi , Xu Fengqin , Wang Yinhe , Cao Yang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally and resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. To depict the psychological and behavioral responses, and knowledge of nursing interns who are facing the COVID-19 epidemic in China, we conducted a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey using a convenience sample in the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China.Methods: A combination of a face-to-face questionnaire survey and an online survey was used for nursing interns from 12 Chinese universities. The Symptom Checklist 90 was used to investigate anxiety and depression of the nursing interns during the COVID-19 epidemic. Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate behavioral responses, COVID-19-related knowledge, and preventive measures.Results: During the COVID-19 epidemic, the mean score of anxiety of 237 surveyed nursing interns were not statistically significantly different with that of the Chinese norm (1.42 vs. 1.39, P = 0.354). However, the mean score of depression of them were lower than that of the Chinese norm (1.22 vs. 1.50, P < 0.001). However, no statistically significant difference in the anxiety or depression was found between demographic subgroups. The most common way for the nursing interns to seek for help was asking for instructor or other medical professionals (89.45%). When the nursing interns had suspected symptoms, they will most likely go to the hospital for treatment (97.89%). The nursing interns have good knowledge regarding the origin and prevention of COVID-19 (correct percentage > 94%), however less knowledge regarding treatment and incubation (correct percentage < 10%).Conclusion: The nursing interns showed relative lower depression in the face of COVID-19 public health emergencies, and took proper preventive measures during the epidemic, however, were lack of certain epidemiology knowledge about COVID-19.
Risk factors for lymphatic filariasis and mass drug administration non-participation in Mandalay Region, Myanmar
Authors: Dickson Benjamin Felix Rothschild , Graves Patricia M , Aye Ni Ni , Nwe Thet Wai , Wai Tint , Win San San , Shwe Myint , Douglass Janet , Wood Peter , Wangdi Kinley , McBride William J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Myanmar commenced a lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination program in 2000. Whilst the country has made considerable progress since then, a number of districts have demonstrated persistent transmission after many rounds of mass drug administration (MDA). The causes of unsuccessful MDA have been examined elsewhere, however, there remains little information on the factors that contribute in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted an analysis of factors associated with persistent infection, LF-related hydrocoele and MDA participation in an area with ongoing transmission in 2015. A cross-sectional household survey was undertaken in 24 villages across four townships of Mandalay Region. Participants were screened for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) using immunochromatographic tests and if positive, for microfilaria by night-time thick blood slide. Individuals 15 year and older were assessed for filariasis morbidity (lymphoedema and if male, hydrocoele) by ultrasound-assisted clinical examination. A pre-coded questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for LF and for never-taking MDA. Significant variables identified in univariate analyses were included in separate step-wise multivariate logistic regressions for each outcome. Results: After adjustment for covariates and survey design, being CFA positive was significantly associated with age (odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.06), per year), male gender (OR 3.11, 1.23 – 7.87), elevation (OR 0.97, 0.94 – 1.00, per metre) and the density of people per household room (OR 1.56, 1.26 – 1.93). LF-related hydrocoele was associated with age (OR 1.06, 1.02 – 1.09, per year) and residing in Amarapura Township (OR 8.56, 1.33 – 55.22). Never-taking MDA was associated with age (less than 15 years: OR 2.89, 1.11 – 7.51; greater than 60 years: OR 4.00, 1.53 – 10.48), male gender (OR 1.85, 1.05 – 3.25), residing in Amarapura township (OR 2.99, 1.39 – 6.43), moving to one’s current village from another (OR 2.84, 1.15 – 7.02) and ever having declined medication (OR 13.76, 4.79 – 39.58). Decreased likelihood of never taking MDA was associated with a higher proportion of household members being present during the last MDA round (OR 0.18, 0.04 – 0.96)).Conclusions: These results contribute to the understanding of LF and MDA participation related risk factors, and will assist Myanmar improve its elimination and morbidity management programs.
Are There Inequalities in the Receipt of Help Among People With Dementia or Cognitive Impairment? Results From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Read Sanna , Hu Bo , Dixon Josie , Brimblecombe Nicola , Wittenberg Raphael , Banerjee Sube 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In addition to inequalities related to gender, age and socio-economic background, poor cognitive function may affect receipt of help and impair quality of life. We investigate whether people with dementia or low cognition with a disadvantaged background, experience more unmet need and/or more unrequired help than older people with similar levels of functional limitation, and associations with quality of life. Methods: We studied people aged 50+ in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Cognitive status was divided into three groups: dementia (by physician diagnosis and/or proxy questionnaire, n=405); low cognition but no dementia (lowest quartile in the mean of z-scores of orientation, immediate recall and delayed recall, n=4,520); and intact cognition (n=10,264). Counts of unmet need (not receiving help for the need) and unrequired help (receipt of help without the respective need) were used as outcomes in two-part regressions. Quality of life (CASP-19) was a continuous outcome in a linear regression. Socio-demographic factors (gender, age, having partner/child and socioeconomic status), functional limitation, and their interaction with cognitive status were included in the models. Results: People with dementia or low cognition at lower levels of functional limitation had more unmet need and received more unrequired help. At higher levels of functional limitation, unmet needs were more frequent among the cognitively intact while unrequired help did not differ by cognitive status. Women, younger individuals, and those with a partner had fewer unmet needs but received more unrequired help, mostly among the cognitively intact. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with fewer unmet needs and unrequired help regardless of cognitive status. Both unmet need and unrequired help were associated with poorer quality of life independent of cognitive status. Conclusions: Unmet need may be a particular challenge in early dementia. Unrequired help that may decrease autonomy is a problem at all levels of cognition. Lower socioeconomic status undermines the receipt of sufficient help. Our results highlight the importance of a good-quality timely diagnosis of dementia, comprehensive and accurate needs assessment, and person-centred care planning to identify those with unmet need and receiving unrequired help in order to improve their quality of life.
Learning about location-dependent threat: neural abnormalities in clinical anxiety
Authors: Suarez-Jimenez Benjamin , Balderston Nicholas , Bisby James , Leshin Joseph , Hsiung Abigail , King John , Pine Daniel (S) , Burgess Neil , Grillon Christian , Ernst Monique 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Anxiety disorders are characterized by maladaptive defensive responses to distal or uncertain threats. Elucidating neural mechanisms of anxiety is essential to formulate new treatment strategies tartgeting these circuits. In an fMRI scanner, patients with pathological anxiety (ANX, n=23) and healthy comparisons (HC, n=28) completed a contextual threat learning paradigm, in which they picked flowers in a virtual environment comprising a danger zone in which flowers were paired with shock and a safe zone (no shock). ANX compared with HC showed 1) global decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior hippocampus activation during the task, 2) increased insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activation in the danger zone during the task; and 3) increased amygdala and midbrain/periaqueductal gray activation in the danger zone prior to potential shock delivery. Our findings suggest that ANX exhibit a heightened reactivity to threat and show decreased activation in modulatory areas responsible for regulating context-appropriate emotional responses.
The epidemiology and association rules of concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (PTB-EPTB) in China: a large-scale multi- center observational study
Authors: Kang Wanli , Du Jian , Chang Yunqing , Chen Hongyan , Liu Jianxiong , Ma Jinshan , Li Mingwu , Qin Jingmin , Shu Wei , Zong Peilan , Yan Xiaofeng , Zhang Yi , Dong Yongkang , Yang Zhiyi , Mei Zaoxian , Deng Qunyi , Wang Pu , Han Wenge , Wu Meiying , Chen Ling , Zhao Xinguo , Tan Lei , Li Fujian , Zheng Chao , Liu Hongwei , Li Xinjie , Ertai A , Du Yingrong , Liu Fenglin , Yang Song , Cui Wenyu , Wang Quanhong , Chen Xiaohong , Han Junfeng , Xie Qingyao , Feng Yanmei , Liu Wenyu , Tang Peijun , Zhang Jianyong , Zheng Jian , Chen Dawei , Yao Xiangyang , Ren Tong , Li Yang , Li Yuanyuan , Wu Lei , Song Qiang , Yang Mei , Zhang Jian , Liu Yuanyuan , Guo Shuliang , Yan Kun , Shen Xinghua , Lei Dan , Zhang Yangli , Li Liang , Tang Shenjie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-systemic disease with a protean presentation and remains a major global health problem. Concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) are common in clinical practice. However, the information about concurrent PTB-EPTB is scarce. This study aimed to study the epidemiology of concurrent PTB-EPTB by summarizing the diagnostic types of TB and determine the association rules by a large-scale multi-center observational study in China.Methods The study was performed at 21 hospitals from 15 provinces in China. All the consecutive inpatient with confirmed TB diagnosis during the years from Jan 2011 to Dec 2017 was included in the study. The association rules of concurrent PTB-EPTB were analyzed by Apriori algorithm. Results Of 438,979 TB inpatients evaluated, the most common were PTB (82.05%), followed by tuberculous pleurisy (23.62%), etc. Concurrent PTB-EPTB occurred in 129,422 cases (29.48%). Concurrent PTB and tuberculous pleurisy was the most common concurrent PTB-EPTB types. In the fully adjusted multivariable logistic models, the odds ratio of concurrent PTB-EPTB was different by gender and age group. In PTB with concurrent EPTB, the strongest association rule was PTB with concurrent bronchial tuberculosis (lift=1.09). In EPTB with concurrent PTB, the strongest association rule was pharyngeal /laryngeal tuberculosis with concurrent PTB (lift=1.11). The confidence and lift of concurrent PTB-EPTB varied with gender and age. Conclusions There were many types of concurrent PTB-EPTB. The confidence and lift of concurrent PTB-EPTB varied with gender and age. The clinicians should be alert to the presence of concurrent PTB-EPTB and take effective treatment regimen.
Man or Machine? Comparison of the Effect of Tutor-Guided versus Simulator-Guided Short-Time Bronchoscopy Training on Navigational Skills and Knowledge of the Tracheobronchial Anatomy
Authors: Schertel Anke , Geiser Thomas , Hautz Wolf E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:
Simulation based medical education is efficient for the acquisition of flexible bronchoscopy navigational skills and the knowledge of the tracheobronchial anatomy. However, bronchoscopy simulator training is not routinely integrated into pneumologic fellowship programs or undergraduate medical education for time and/or cost reasons. Our study compares the effect of self-guided bronchoscopy simulator training versus tutor guided training on the acquisition of navigational skills and knowledge of the bronchial anatomy.
Methods:
3rd -year undergraduate medical students were randomized to either a tutor- or simulator guided bronchoscopy simulator training focusing on the acquisition of navigational skills and the knowledge of the tracheobronchial anatomy. Every student performed a baseline bronchoscopy followed by a structured bronchoscopy simulator training and finally an assessment bronchoscopy at the end of the training program. Groups were compared by means of a repeated measurement ANOVA and effect sizes calculated as Cohens’ d.
Results:
54 eligible students participated in the study. Knowledge of the tracheobronchial anatomy significantly increased from pre- to post training (all p < 0.001; all d > 2), navigational skills significantly decreased (all p < 0.005; all d < 1). There were no significant differences between groups.
Conclusion:
Short-time simulator guided bronchoscopy training improves knowledge of the tracheobronchial anatomy in novice bronchoscopists as much as tutor guided training, but navigational skills seem to worsen in both groups. Further studies assessing transfer to clinical practice are needed to find the optimal teaching method for basic flexible bronchoscopy.
Largely accelerated arterial aging in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with inflammatory activity and smoking in the early stage of the disease
Authors: Mong Nikolett , Tarjanyi Zoltan , Tothfalusi Laszlo , Bartykowszki Andrea , Nagy Aniko Ilona , Szekely Anett , Becker David , Maurovich-Horvat Pal , Merkely Bela , Nagy Gyorgy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have a shorter life expectancy than the general population primarily due to cardiovascular comorbidities.Objectives: To characterize arterial aging in RA.Patients and methods: Coronary calcium scores (CCS) were available from 112 RA patients; out of these patients, follow-up CCS were measured of 54 randomly selected individuals. Control CCS were obtained from the MESA database (includes 6000< participants); arterialage was calculated from CCS.Results: RA patients were significantly older (10.45±18.45 years, p<0.001) in terms of the arterial age compared to the age, gender and race matched controls. The proportion of RA patients who had zero CCS was significantly less (p<0.01) than in the MESA reference group. Each disease year contributed an extra 0.395 years (p<0.01) on the top of the normal aging process. However, the rate of the accelerated aging is not uniform, in the first years of the disease it is apparently faster. Smoking (p<0.05), previous cardiovascular events (p<0.05) and high blood pressure (p<0.05) had additional significant effect on the aging process. In the follow-up study, inflammatory disease activity (CRP>5 mg/L, p<0.05) especially in smokers and shorter than 10 years disease duration (p=0.05) had the largest impact.Conclusions: Arterial aging is faster in RA patients compared to control subjects, particularly in the first 10 years of the disease. Inflammation, previous cardiovascular events and smoking are additional contributing factors to the intensified coronary atherosclerosis progression. These data support that optimal control of inflammation is essential to attenuate the cardiovascular risk in RA.
Lay Persons’ Perception of the Requirements for Research in Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care
Authors: Kaye Daniel Kabonge 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Factors that could potentially act as facilitators and barriers to successful recruitment strategies in perinatal clinical trials are not well documented. The objective was to assess lay persons’ understanding of the informed consent for randomized clinical trial in emergency obstetric and newborn care. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted among survivors of severe obstetric complications who were attending the post-natal clinic of Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Uganda, 6-8 weeks after surviving severe obstetric complications during pregnancy or childbirth. The study that involved 18 in-depth interviews was conducted from June 1, 2019 to July 6, 2019. The issues explored included perceptions of the purpose and necessity to conduct such research how research-related information would be disclosed, and what could be the potential benefits and risks of participation. The data was analyzed by thematic analysis. Findings: Respondents felt that research was necessary to investigate the cause, prevention or complications of an illness, especially as much was known about some pregnancy and newborn complications. Most believed that the emergency contexts affects whether and what prospective participants may understand if information about research was disclosed. Whereas they did not see the value of procedures like randomization, they felt that if these and any other procedures necessary should be done transparently and fairly. The decisions to participate would significantly be influenced by possibility of risk to the unborn baby or the newborn. Solidarity was an important influence on decision-making. Conclusion: Respondents valued participation in RCTs in emergency obstetric and newborn care. However, they expressed concerns and valued openness, transparency and accountability with regard to how clinical trials information is disclosed and the decision-making process for clinical trial participation. While autonomy and solidarity are contradictory values, they complement each other during decision-making for informed consent.
Targeted Intracellular Degradation of SARS-CoV-2 via Computationally-Optimized Peptide Fusions
Authors: Chatterjee Pranam , Ponnapati Manvitha , Kramme Christian , Plesa Alex , Jacobson Joseph , Church George 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has elicited a global health crisis of catastrophic proportions. With no approved cure or vaccine currently available, there is a critical need for effective antiviral strategies. In this study, we report a novel antiviral platform, through computational design of ACE2-derived peptides which both target the viral spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and recruit E3 ubiquitin ligases for subsequent intracellular degradation of SARS-CoV-2 in the proteasome. Our engineered peptide fusions demonstrate robust RBD degradation capabilities in human cells and are capable of inhibiting infection-competent viral production, thus prompting their further experimental characterization and therapeutic development.
Genome-wide bioinformatic analyses predict key host and viral factors in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis
Authors: Ferrarini Mariana , Lal Avantika , Rebollo Rita , Gruber Andreas , Guarracino Andrea , Gonzalez Itziar Martinez , Floyd Taylor , de Oliveira Daniel Siqueira , Shanklin Justin , Beausoleil Ethan , Pusa Taneli , Pickett Brett , Aguiar-Pulido Vanessa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The novel betacoronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a worldwide pandemic (COVID-19) after initially emerging in Wuhan, China. Here we applied a novel, comprehensive bioinformatic strategy to public RNA sequencing and viral genome sequencing data, to better understand how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with human cells. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to predict host factors that play a specific role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, distinct from other respiratory viruses. We identified differentially expressed genes, isoforms and transposable element families specifically altered in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Well-known immunoregulators including CSF2, IL-32, IL-6 and SERPINA3 were differentially expressed, while immunoregulatory transposable element families were overexpressed. We predicted conserved interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 genome and human RNA-binding proteins such as hnRNPA1, PABPC1 and eIF4b, which may play important roles in the viral life cycle. We also detected four viral sequence variants in the spike, polymerase, and nonstructural proteins that correlate with severity of COVID-19. The host factors we identified likely represent important mechanisms in the disease profile of this pathogen, and could be targeted by prophylactics and/or therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
Direct Observation of Deviations from Taylor's Frozen Hypothesis and Scaling Laws in Canonical Jet Flows
Authors: Roy Sukesh , Miller Joseph , Gunaratne Gemunu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The legendary difficulties in studying turbulent flows stem, in part, from the lack of high-frequency, high-resolution measurements to interrogate small-scale structures and their rapid evolution. Our experiments, employing a burst-mode laser system, capture both spatially resolved velocity fields and their dynamics using high-resolution particle image velocimetry measurements at 100 kHz. We show directly that fluctuations of flow velocity in an axisymmetric jet flow are inhomogeneous and anisotropic. The velocity of the peak of the time-delayed cross correlation function C(r, r 0 ; τ ) is smaller than the convection velocity; thus Taylor’s frozen hypothesis [Taylor GI, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser A 164, 476 (1938)] fails to generalize for inhomogeneous jet flows, consistent with prior studies. Its peak decays exponentially in time. Second, the structure functions are found to be isotropic at small distances, but not at large distances. Extended self-similarity is found to hold [Benzi R et al., Physics Review E 48, R29 (1993)], but no inertial range is found where the Kolmogorov 2 3 -law [Kolmogorov AN, Dokl. Akad. Naud. SSSR 30, 299 (1941)] holds. Spectral-energy density of the jet flow, although anisotropic, is consistent with the Kolmogorov-Obukhov 5 3 -law [Obukhov AM, Izvestiya Akad. Nauk. SSSR 32, 19 (1941)] in the flow direction.