bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Absence of Toxicity in Intraperitoneal Iron Dextran Administration: A Functional and Histological Analysis
Authors: Pecoits-Filho Roberto F.S. , Twardowski Zbylut J. , Kim Yong-Lim , Khanna Ramesh , Moore Harold , Nolph Karl D. 
Published: February 2020

Objective To determine the influence of iron dextran intraperitoneal administration on the function and histology of the peritoneum in rats undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Design Prospective, randomized experimental study. Materials Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: 3 study groups -high dose group (H), n = 12; intermediate dose (M), n = 12; and low dose group (L), n = 12 a dialysis control group (D), n = 12; and a tissue control (C), n = 7. Interventions The study groups were given Dianeal containing iron dextran in a concentration of 0.5,0.25, and 0.125 mg/L (groups H, M, and L respectively). Group D was given standard Dianeal. Group C was never dialyzed. Main Outcome Measures A 2-hour peritoneal equilibrium test (PET) was performed on the eighth day, at 3 months, and at 6 months. After the final PET, the animals were sacrificed and the peritoneal membrane was evaluated by gross inspection and light microscopy (silver, prussian blue, and trichrome staining). Results Peritoneal transport of small solutes followed the same pattern in all groups, increasing over time. The peritonitis index was similar in the groups. No iron deposits or morphologic differences were seen in the gross inspection of the peritoneal cavity. No peritoneal iron deposition was detected in the histological analysis with prussian blue staining. No differences were noted in the light microscopic analysis of the mesothelial cell layer (silver staining), nor did the morphometric analysis of the submesothelial space show any differences in thickness between the groups. Conclusion These findings suggest the absence of toxic effects of iron dextran on the peritoneal cavity of rats in the concentrat ions studied. Further studies should be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these dosages delivered intraperitoneally to maintain iron homeostasis.
Human rights implications of introducing a new mental health act – principles, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Gill Neeraj S , Allan John A , Clark Belinda , Rosen Alan 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), 2006 has influenced the evolution of mental health legislation to protect and promote human rights of individuals with mental illness. This review introduces how the human rights agenda can be systematised into mental health services. Exploration is made of how some principles of CRPD have been incorporated into Queensland’s Mental Health Act 2016. Conclusion: Although progress has been made in some areas, e.g. heavier reliance on capacity assessment and new supported decision-making mechanisms, MHA 2016 has continued to focus on involuntary treatment. A Human Rights Act 2019 has been passed by the Queensland parliament, which may fill in the gap by strengthening positive rights.
Stimulant prescribing for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): what guides clinicians in their choice of an upper limit for dose titration?
Authors: Poulton Alison S , Paterson Roger 
Published: February 2020

Objective: There is little evidence to support the current stimulant dose upper limit restrictions in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Within Australasia, there is inconsistency in dose maxima in different jurisdictions. Clinician experience in this area may be worth gauging when trying to improve the understanding of optimal maximal dosing. Our objective was to survey prescribers’ experience of whether the current stimulant maximum doses ever conflict with dose optimisation and how such conflicts are managed. Method: We conducted an anonymous online survey of health professionals treating children, adolescents and adults with ADHD. Results: Responses were received from 128 prescribers, mainly paediatricians (52%) and adult psychiatrists (39%). The designated maximum dose of stimulant was a constraint to dose optimisation experienced by 91% for the Product Information maxima and 82% for their respective state/territory regulations maxima. When clinically indicated, 72% would exceed the designated maxima, either with or without obtaining a second opinion or applying for special authority. Of the remaining 28%, the majority (16%) would opt for polypharmacy, with only two accepting a suboptimal dose. Conclusion: The current stimulant dose maxima act as a constraint to stimulant dose optimisation and may promote undertreatment and polypharmacy.
Characterization of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Single Ventricle Patients
Authors: Stephens Elizabeth H. , Shakoor Aqsa , Jacobs Shimon E. , Okochi Shunpei , Zenilman Ariela L. , Middlesworth William , Kalfa David , Chai Paul J. , Chaves Diana Vargas , Bacha Emile , Cheung Eva W. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide crucial support for single ventricle (SV) patients at various stages of palliation. However, characterization of the utilization and outcomes of ECMO in these unique patients remains incompletely studied. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective review of SV patients between 2010 and 2017 who underwent ECMO cannulation with primary end point of survival to discharge and secondary end point of survival to decannulation or orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Multivariate analysis was performed for factors predictive of survival to discharge and survival to decannulation. Results: Forty SV patients with a median age of one month (range: 3 days to 15 years) received ECMO support. The incidence of ECMO was 14% for stage I, 3% for stage II, and 4% for stage III. Twenty-seven (68%) patients survived to decannulation, and 21 (53%) patients survived to discharge, with seven survivors to discharge undergoing OHT. Complications included infection (40%), bleeding (40%), thrombosis (33%), and radiographic stroke (45%). Factors associated with survival to decannulation included pre-ECMO lactate (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-0.90, P = .013) and post-ECMO bicarbonate (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.0-1.5, P = .018). Factors associated with survival to discharge included central cannulation (HR: 40.0, 95% CI: 3.1-500.0, P = .005) and lack of thrombotic complications (HR: 28.7, 95% CI: 2.1-382.9, P = .011). Conclusions: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be useful to rescue SV patients with approximately half surviving to discharge, although complications are frequent. Early recognition of the role of heart transplant is imperative. Further study is required to identify areas for improvement in this population.
Clinical Presentation and Outcomes Associated With Fabellectomy in the Setting of Fabella Syndrome
Authors: Dekker Travis J. , Crawford Matthew D. , DePhillipo Nicholas N. , Kennedy Mitchell I. , Grantham W. Jeffrey , Schairer William W. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Clinical outcomes pertaining to isolated lateral fabellectomy in the setting of fabella syndrome are limited to small case reports at this time. Purpose: To assess the most common presenting symptoms, clinical outcomes, and satisfaction after fabella excision in the setting of fabella syndrome. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Consecutive patients with a minimum of 21-month follow-up after isolated fabellectomy for fabella syndrome were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical outcome scores of the following domains were collected: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score and Lysholm knee survey, along with a simple numeric patient satisfaction score (range, 1-10; 10 = “very satisfied”). Statistical analysis was performed using paired t tests for all clinical outcome data. Results: A total of 11 isolated fabella excisions were included in 10 patients with isolated lateral-sided knee pain in the setting of fabella syndrome (8 males, 2 females), with a mean age of 36.9 years (range, 23-58 years) and a mean follow-up of 2.4 years (range, 21-47 months). A total of 8 patients (80%) were able to return to full desired activities, including sports. Only 5 of 11 (45%) excisions had concomitant lateral femoral condyle cartilage pathology. There were significant improvements across multiple WOMAC domains, and the WOMAC total score improved from 28.5 ± 17.6 preoperatively to 11.6 ± 10.2 postoperatively ( P < .05). Lysholm scores significantly improved from 66.6 ± 23.1 preoperatively to 80.2 ± 13.9 postoperatively ( P = .044). Overall patient-reported satisfaction was 8.8 ± 1.6. Conclusion: Fabella excision in the setting of fabella syndrome demonstrated improvements in clinical outcome scores, high rate of returning to preinjury level of activities, and low risk of complications or need for additional surgical procedures.
Site-specific methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA by SNORD42A is required for acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation
Authors: Pauli Cornelius , Liu Yi , Rohde Christian , Cui Chunhong , Fijalkowska Daria , Gerloff Dennis , Walter Carolin , Krijgsveld Jeroen , Dugas Martin , Edemir Bayram , Pabst Caroline , Müller Lutz P. , Zhou Fengbiao , Müller-Tidow Carsten 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNoncoding RNAs, including small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), play important roles in leukemogenesis, but the relevant mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We performed snoRNA-focused CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library screenings that targeted the entire snoRNAnome and corresponding host genes. The C/D box containing SNORD42A was identified as an essential modulator for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell survival and proliferation in multiple human leukemia cell lines. In line, SNORD42A was consistently expressed at higher levels in primary AML patient samples than in CD34+ progenitors, monocytes, and granulocytes. Functionally, knockout of SNORD42A reduced colony formation capability and inhibited proliferation. The SNORD42A acts as a C/D box snoRNA and directs 2′-O-methylation at uridine 116 of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Deletion of SNORD42A decreased 18S-U116 2′-O-methylation, which was associated with a specific decrease in the translation of ribosomal proteins. In line, the cell size of SNORD42A deletion carrying leukemia cells was decreased. Taken together, these findings establish that high-level expression of SNORD42A with concomitant U116 18S rRNA 2′-O-methylation is essential for leukemia cell growth and survival.
Dietary habits and psychological disorders in a large sample of Iranian adults: a population-based study
Authors: Sangsefidi Zohreh Sadat , Lorzadeh Elnaz , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh , Mirzaei Masoud 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Since an association has been found between diet and psychological problems, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary habits and psychological problems among Iranian adults.

Methods
Data on dietary habits and psychological problems among 9965 adults were provided from the recruitment phase of Yazd Health Study, a population-based cohort research on Iranian adults. The association between dietary habits and psychological problems was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results
After the adjustment for confounders, fast food and fried food consumptions were associated with increased depressive [odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–2.20] and stress symptoms (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.46–4.18), respectively. Eating breakfast had a protective role on stress features (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.39–0.92), while snack intake was related to higher odds of depressive (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.01–1.84), anxiety (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.55–2.56) and stress symptoms (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.23–2.54). There was also an inverse association between sweetened drink consumption and depressive (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.59–0.96), anxiety (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.62–0.93), and stress features (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.55–0.97; OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.48–0.82).

Conclusions
Even though an inverse relationship was found between sweetened drinks intake and psychological problems, snack consumption was associated with higher chances of them. Eating breakfast had a protective effect on stress symptoms, while fast food and fried food intakes were related to increased depressive and stress features chances, respectively.
Improving prediction with enhanced Distributed Memory-based Resilient Dataset Filter
Authors: Narayanan Sandhya , Samuel Philip , Chacko Mariamma 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLaunching new products in the consumer electronics market is challenging. Developing and marketing the same in limited time affect the sustainability of such companies. This research work introduces a model that can predict the success of a product. A Feature Information Gain (FIG) measure is used for significant feature identification and Distributed Memory-based Resilient Dataset Filter (DMRDF) is used to eliminate duplicate reviews, which in turn improves the reliability of the product reviews. The pre-processed dataset is used for prediction of product pre-launch in the market using classifiers such as Logistic regression and Support vector machine. DMRDF method is fault-tolerant because of its resilience property and also reduces the dataset redundancy; hence, it increases the prediction accuracy of the model. The proposed model works in a distributed environment to handle a massive volume of the dataset and therefore, it is scalable. The output of this feature modelling and prediction allows the manufacturer to optimize the design of his new product.
Increased C-reactive protein is associated with the severity of thoracic radiotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Canada Justin M. , Thomas Georgia K. , Trankle Cory R. , Carbone Salvatore , Billingsley Hayley , Van Tassell Benjamin W. , Evans Ronald K. , Garten Ryan , Weiss Elisabeth , Abbate Antonio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Irradiation of the heart during cancer radiotherapy is associated with a dose-dependent risk of heart failure. Animal studies have demonstrated that irradiation leads to an inflammatory response within the heart as well as a reduction in cardiac reserve. In the current study we aimed to evaluate whether inflammatory biomarkers correlated with changes in cardiac function and reserve after radiotherapy for breast or lung cancer.

Methods and results
We studied 25 subjects with a history of breast or lung cancer without a prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or heart failure, 1.8 years [0.4–3.6] post-radiotherapy involving at least 5 Gray (Gy) to at least 10% of the heart. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was abnormal (≥2 mg/L) in 16 (64%) subjects. Cardiac function and reserve was measured with Doppler echocardiography before and after exercise and defined as left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (e’), and increase in LV outflow tract velocity time integral cardiac output (cardiac reserve) with exercise. Subjects with abnormal CRP had significantly lower LVEF (51 [44–59] % vs 61 [52–64] %, P = 0.039), lower e’ (7.4 [6.6–7.9] cm/sec vs 9.9 [8.3–12.0] cm/sec, P = 0.010), and smaller cardiac reserve (+ 1.5 [1.2–1.7] L/min vs + 1.9 [1.7–2.2] L/min, P = 0.024).

Conclusion
Elevated systemic inflammation is associated with impaired left-ventricular systolic and diastolic function both at rest and during exercise in subjects who have received radiotherapy with significant incidental heart dose for the treatment of cancer.
Fitness scale-4 item (FS4) to predict six-month postoperative mortality of cancer patients aged 75.
Authors: Shahrokni Armin , Sarraf Saman , Downey Robert J. , Alexander Koshy , Korc-Grodzicki Beatriz 
Published: February 2020

11542 Background: We have been prospectively collecting Geriatric Assessment (GA) data on patients aged 75+ undergoing oncologic surgery at a single institution. We aimed to to determine if a fitness scale based on a limited number of easily captured datafields can be developed, validated, and associated with 6 month postoperative mortality. Methods: From patients referred to Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Geriatrics Service for preoperative GA since 2015, we have selected patients who were aged 75+, had elective surgery, with hospital length of stay (LOS) of ≥1 day, and had at least 6-month follow up. The Fitness Scale-4 item (FS4) is composed of 3 variables from the GA; Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), ability to walk outside, ability to perform housekeeping, and additional variable of preoperative albumin level. The FS4 total score ranges from 0-8 (frail = 0-2, vulnerable = 3-5, and fit = 6+). We validated this scale against prevalence of geriatric syndromes in each fitness category. We performed multivariable regression (MVR) analysis to assess the odds of six-month postoperative mortality among vulnerable and frail patients vs. fit patients. Results: Out of 1270 patients (median age 79, IQR 77-83), 792 (61.4%), 327 (25.7%) and 151 (11.9%) were fit, vulnerable, and frail, respectively. All of the geriatric syndromes were more prevalent among frail and vulnerable patients than fit patients. Six-month mortality rate was 4.7%, 12.5%, and 21.2% for fit, vulnerable, and frail patients, respectively. In the MVR analysis, and after adjustment for age, gender, ASA PS, LOS, operation time, KPS, and preoperative albumin, the odds of six-month mortality among frail (OR = 4.58, p = 0.004) and vulnerable patients (OR = 2.63, p = 0.004) vs. fit patients were much higher. Conclusions: Frail and vulnerable patients based on FS4 are at significantly higher risk for six-month postoperative mortality vs. fit patients. Future studies should assess the external validation of FS4, and its impact on surgical decision making, and perioperative care of older cancer patients.
Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for stage 3/4 classical Hodgkin lymphoma: Three-year update of the ECHELON-1 study.
Authors: Straus David J. , Długosz-Danecka Monika , Alekseev Sergiy , Illés Árpád , Picardi Marco , Lech-Maranda Ewa , Feldman Tatyana , Savage Kerry J. , Smolewski Piotr , Bartlett Nancy L. , Gallamini Andrea , Walewski Jan Andrzej , Ramchandren Rod , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Connors Joseph M. , Jolin Hina , Liu Rachael , Fenton Keenan , Fanale Michelle , Radford John A. 
Published: February 2020

7532 Background: The phase 3 ECHELON-1 study demonstrated that BV with AVD (A+AVD) was superior to ABVD for the frontline treatment of Stage 3/4 cHL. Maturing data from RATHL and SWOG S0816 show limitations to PET2-adapted strategies, including short and long-term toxicities in PET2+ patients (pts) switched to BEACOPP and still frequent relapse in PET2- pts. Pts in the RATHL trial with Stage 3/4 disease ≤60 yrs had a 3-yr PFS of 79.8% (82.1% PET2-); SWOG S0816 reported a 5-yr PFS of 74% (76% PET2-) in the same population. As an alternative to PET-adapted therapy, here we present a 3-year update of the ECHELON-1 study, including ITT PFS and outcomes by PET status. Methods: Pts with Stage 3/4 cHL were randomized 1:1 to receive up to six cycles of A+AVD (n=664) or ABVD (n=670). Interim PET scan after cycle 2 was conducted. All analyses of PFS are exploratory and per investigator assessment. Results: At a median follow-up of 37 months, analysis of PFS in the ITT population favors the A+AVD treatment arm (Table), with a 3-yr PFS of 83.1% for A+AVD vs 76.0% for ABVD; the 3-yr PFS for PET2- pts <60 yrs was 87.2% vs 81.0%, respectively. Trend toward benefit for PET2+ pts <60 yrs treated with A+AVD was also observed, with a 3-yr PFS of 69.2% vs 54.7% with ABVD. Data from prespecified subgroups and safety follow-up, including peripheral neuropathy, will be presented. Conclusions: Follow-up at 3-yrs demonstrates that frontline treatment of Stage 3/4 cHL with A+AVD provides a durable treatment benefit vs ABVD that is independent of PET2 status. While direct comparisons cannot be made, A+AVD compares favorably to PET-adapted strategies without requiring interim PET assessment, escalation of therapy, or bleomycin. Clinical trial information: NCT01712490. [Table: see text]
Tissue-based molecular and histological landscape of acquired resistance to osimertinib given initially or at relapse in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers.
Authors: Schoenfeld Adam Jacob , Chan Joseph Minhow , Rizvi Hira , Rekhtman Natasha , Daneshbod Yahya , Kubota Daisuke , Chang Jason C. , Arcila Maria E. , Ladanyi Marc , Somwar Romel , Kris Mark G. , Pe'er Dana , Riely Gregory J. , Yu Helena Alexandra 
Published: February 2020

9028 Background: Even though osimertinib (osi) is now the initial treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers, our knowledge about mechanisms of resistance (MOR) is largely derived from patients who received osi after developing acquired resistance to initial EGFR inhibitor. Further, studies of osi resistance to date have mainly reported genotyping of plasma which suboptimally detects lineage plasticity, copy number changes, and chromosomal rearrangements. Methods: To identify MOR to osi and characterize clinical, molecular and histologic factors associated with duration of response, we identified patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers who had next-generation sequencing performed on tumor tissue after developing acquired resistance to osi. Results: From January 2016 to December 2018, post-osi tumor tissue was collected from 71 patients (42 with paired pre-treatment specimens). See mechanisms of resistance below. Histologic transformation was identified in 19% of initial cases and 14% of all cases. When osi is given as initial treatment, with median follow up of 17 months, early emerging MOR rarely included on-target resistance mechanisms (1/16 cases of acquired EGFR G724S). Acquired alterations representing potential resistance mechanisms included CCNE1 and MYC amplifications, and mutations in MTOR and MET H1094Y. We confirmed in preclinical studies that an amino acid substitution at MET H1094 can reduce sensitivity to osi. Conclusions: In this analysis of MOR identified on NGS from tumor tissue, we found a different spectrum of resistance mechanisms to initial and later-line osi, with histologic transformation (including squamous cell transformation) a dominant MOR, particularly in the first-line setting, that cannot be identified on plasma testing. Subsequent studies are needed to assess patients with a longer time on initial osi as there may be a temporal bias to MOR, with off-target MOR emerging earlier and on-target resistance mutations later. [Table: see text]