bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from the Experiences of Practitioners
Authors: Michael Austin , Carnochan Sarah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Practice Research in the Human Services: A University-Agency Partnership Model emphasizes that learning directly from human service practitioners represents an important element of practice research. Interviewing individual practitioners to capture their organizationally based stories or narratives provides one approach for researchers to explore the past, current, and future dynamics of practice. Case studies can be used to develop individual teaching cases or as the basis for cross-case thematic analysis. Chapter 2 provides an overview of case study methods that include preparation, data collection, data analysis, and reporting. One set of illustrations relates to the career trajectories and organizational change experiences of individual nonprofit and county human services leaders. An additional example features the experiences of mid-level managers participating in a leadership training program, identifying the developmental stages of emerging, becoming, acting, and thriving.
Learning from the Staff and Clients of Child Welfare Services
Authors: Michael Austin , Carnochan Sarah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 of Practice Research in the Human Services: A University-Agency Partnership Model focuses on studies of child welfare practice in county human service agencies. An early multi-county project explored the tensions that arise in interprofessional relationships within the juvenile dependency system, using interviews and focus groups with legal and child welfare professionals, as well as foster youth and caregivers. A second project developed innovative qualitative data mining methods to examine an array of practice issues that included parental substance use, child trauma, and skillful social work practice with youth, using the case record documents created by child welfare workers as the data source. Practice research principles derived from the projects relate to the essential role of communications throughout the research process, the contrasting time frames that operate in agency and academic research settings, and the need for awareness of the potential for political sensitivity surrounding study findings.
Learning from Staff and Clients of Public Assistance Programs
Authors: Michael Austin , Carnochan Sarah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 of Practice Research in the Human Services: A University-Agency Partnership Model describes practice research efforts in the area of welfare-to-work services. One major project used semistructured interviews to investigate the perspectives of employers participating in county administered subsidized employment programs. A second project examined the Family Stabilization program, which provides intensive, whole-family focused services to participants in CalWORKs (California’s TANF [Temporary Aid to Needy Families] program) experiencing destabilizing crises. The Family Stabilization project involved three phases, using a combination of interviews and focus groups to examine: (1) policy implementation decisions and strategies, (2) client perspectives on service experiences, and (3) worker perspectives on program services and client engagement. The chapter concludes with practice research principles related to developing practice-relevant literature reviews, ensuring flexibility and timeliness with respect to study procedures and results, and strengthening dissemination and utilization among agency practitioners.
Reasons Theory
Authors: Alshanetsky Eli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
After rejecting deflationism, the central further question is whether our rejections and acceptances of words, in the articulation process, are based on reasons. Reasons-theorists say “yes” and look for some mental state that gives us a reason for accepting/rejecting a formulation. One kind of reasons-theorist argues that our reasons come from some knowledge we have of our thought. Another kind of reasons-theorist argues that our reasons come from feelings that result from sub-personally matching our thought with our words. Contra the reasons-theorists, this chapter maintains that we cannot make sense of the bulk of our responses in the articulation process by assimilating them into the reasons framework. Resolving the puzzle calls for an alternative model of rational control—one that may be implicated in learning and numerous other epistemologically central activities, ranging from basic perceptual categorization to sophisticated mathematical discovery.
Self-Knowledge in Plato? Recognizing the Limits and Aspirations of the Self as a Knower
Authors: Lane Melissa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter defends two hypotheses about the extent to which we find a conception akin to ‘self-knowledge’ in Plato: (i) that the kind of second-order cognitive condition of interest to Plato would not be a post-Cartesian kind of privileged first-person access or authority, but rather a second-order assessment of the extent to which the self is a knower, achievable by effort and reflection; and (ii) that, in contrast to a post-Humean perspective, the Platonic self who is fully a knower would qua knower be motivated to realize that knowledge in action. The first is defended by showing how awareness of the extent of one’s knowledge is dramatized in the Apology and Protagoras, in its achievement in the former, and in the breach, in the latter. The second is defended by appeal to an account of the ‘rule of knowledge’ in the Protagoras, unpacked with the aid of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics.
Aristotle on Self-Knowledge
Authors: Gottlieb Paula 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that Aristotelian virtue of character involves knowledge of one’s own abilities and qualities, forms of self-knowledge that are implicit in Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean and in his account of practical reasoning. Support is found in the description of truthful people in EN IV 7, who, in contrast to boasters, give true, unexaggerated reports of their own qualities. It is also found in Aristotle’s discussion of the magnanimous person, who has knowledge of their own worth. The good person, then, has both kinds of knowledge, while the bad person may have knowledge about his non-ethical abilities, but not about his character. It is unclear whether the akratic, the person who knows the better course but voluntarily takes the worse, lacks self-knowledge or is self-deceived. Self-knowledge about one’s own character also appears in some of Aristotle’s discussion of friendship.
The Trouble with Literature
Authors: Kahn Victoria 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This book argues that the literature of the English Reformation marks a turning point in Western thinking about literature and literariness. But instead of arguing that the Reformation fostered English literature, as scholars have often done, I claim that literature helped undo the Reformation, with implications for both poetry and belief. Ultimately, literature in the Reformation is one vehicle by which religious belief was itself transformed into a human artifact, whether we understand this as a poetic artifact or a mental fiction. This transformation in turn helped produce the eighteenth-century discipline of aesthetics, with its emphasis on our experience of non-cognitive pleasure in the work of art, and the modern formalist definition of literature, according to which—in the words of one critic—“literature solves no problems and saves no souls.” This modern definition of literature, in short, has a history, this history is intertwined with the problem of belief, and by returning to the fraught years of the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England, we can come to a new understanding of how the trouble with literature has shaped our discipline. The first chapter contrasts modern and early modern understandings of literature and literariness. The second and third chapters focus on Thomas Hobbes and John Milton. The fourth chapter treats the work of Kant, Kierkegaard, and J. M. Coetzee.
Northern World
Authors: Jackson Williams Kelsey 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that the changes which took place in Scottish intellectual culture during the 1680s were not in themselves sufficient to produce this cultural moment. Instead, they interacted with and built upon the rich, long-standing cultural traditions of the north-east, ‘Scotland beyond the mountains’, which are here traced to the foundation of King’s College, Aberdeen, by Bishop William Elphinstone and the early development of a distinctively north-eastern humanist tradition. The scholars and scholarship discussed in the remainder of this book owed their intellectual and cultural world to this heady blend of Early Enlightenment intellectual ferment, revolution, and north-eastern humanism.
Stupendous Fabricks
Authors: Jackson Williams Kelsey 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter turns towards artefacts, tracing the sudden rise in interest in prehistoric sites and monuments across Scotland during this period. It shows that cutting-edge approaches to the study of material as diverse as Roman forts and ancient megaliths could interact with older syncretist theories of knowledge and human origins to produce surprising, sometimes radical, reinterpretations of the distant past. Archaeologists and writers as diverse as the opera singer-turned-antiquary Alexander Gordon and the freethinker John Toland used these ancient monuments as telescopes through which to glimpse an almost unimaginable antiquity, one which could exert a dramatically destabilizing effect on present-day hierarchies of culture and geography.
Enlightenment in the Archive
Authors: Jackson Williams Kelsey 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter highlights the foundational role of the French textual scholar Jean Mabillon in setting the agenda for the study of medieval Scotland in the archive during the same period. From the first adoption of Mabillon’s methods by Scottish scholars to the triumphant 1739 publication of James Anderson’s Thesaurus—a Scottish response to Mabillon’s De re diplomatica—these methodologies went from being peripheral to axiomatic in Scottish historical studies, fundamentally transforming scholars’ engagement with the archive and its documents. Key figures discussed include, as well as Anderson, the historians Patrick Abercromby and Robert Keith and the forger and archival scholar Marianus Brockie.
Science of the Child in Late Imperial and Early Soviet Russia
Authors: Byford Andy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Between the 1880s and the 1930s, children and their development became the focus of unprecedented scientific and professional interest across modernizing societies worldwide. This book charts the rise and fall of the interdisciplinary field devoted to the study of the child in Russia across the late imperial and early Soviet eras. It follows the institutionalization of new domains of knowledge and occupational practice, including developmental and educational psychology, special needs education, child psychiatry, juvenile criminology, and the anthropology of childhood. The book represents an original contribution both to Russian and Soviet history (specifically the history of Russo-Soviet human sciences, professions, education, and childhood) and to the history of scientific interest in child biopsychosocial development in general. Drawing on ideas and concepts emanating from a variety of theoretical domains, the book provides new insights into the concerns of Russia’s professional and scientific intelligentsia with matters of biosocial reproduction and investigates the incorporation of scientific knowledge and professional expertise focused on child development and socialization into the making of the welfare/warfare state in the rapidly changing political landscape of the early Soviet era.
The Making of Pedology
Authors: Byford Andy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers the institutionalization of ‘pedology’ as a Soviet ‘state science’ at the turn of the 1920s–1930s. It examines the shift in the field’s mobilization as pedology was turned into a framework of the field’s ‘integration’. In response to the failures of educational reformism, pedology was given the task of bolstering the construction of the Soviet education system. This prompted its leaders to define pedology as a discipline, though they still needed to negotiate its theoretical and methodological heterogeneity. They envisaged it both as a general science of human development and as a mediator between the plurality of specialist biopsychosocial sciences, on the one hand, and the teachers’ own professional expertise, on the other. Since pedology claimed to be charting the laws and norms of development, the field’s leaders became embroiled not only in debates about the nature of pedology as science but also the nature of development as such. The new context also required them to negotiate pedology’s relationship to pedagogy as the academic form of the education profession’s expertise. The latter half of the chapter focuses on the politics surrounding these developments. The period 1927–9 witnessed pedology’s enthusiastic institutionalization as a ‘state science’. From 1930, the demands of the First Five-Year Plan made themselves felt and the field was at this point subjected to a de facto ‘revolution from above’. The year 1931 marked a major turning point as 1920s’ progressive educational reforms were denounced as a mistake, while Soviet scientific institutions were subjected to stringent politico-ideological disciplining. Pedology managed to survive, but principally as a form of occupational work supporting the education system.
Acrobatic Modernism from the Avant-Garde to Prehistory
Authors: Rasula Jed 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This is a book about artistic modernism contending with the historical transfigurations of modernity. As a conscientious engagement with modernity’s restructuring of the lifeworld, the modernist avant-garde raised the stakes of this engagement to programmatic explicitness. But even beyond the vanguard, the global phenomenon of jazz combined somatic assault with sensory tutelage. Jazz, like the new technologies of modernity, recalibrated sensory ratios. The criterion of the new as self-making also extended to names: pseudonyms and heteronyms. The protocols of modernism solicited a pragmatic arousal of bodily sensation as artistic resource, validating an acrobatic sensibility ranging from slapstick and laughter to the pathos of bereavement. Expressivity trumped representation. The artwork was a diagram of perception, not a mimetic rendering. For artists, the historical pressures of altered perception provoked new models, and Ezra Pound’s slogan “Make It New” became the generic rallying cry of renovation. The paradigmatic stance of the avant-garde was established by Futurism, but the discovery of prehistoric art added another provocation to artists. Paleolithic caves validated the spirit of all-over composition, unframed and dynamic. Geometric abstraction, Constructivism and Purism, and Surrealism were all in quest of a new mythology. “Making it new” yielded a new pathos in the sensation of radical discrepancy between futurist striving and remotest antiquity. The Paleolithic cave and the USSR emitted comparable siren calls on behalf of the remote past and the desired future. As such, the present was suffused with the pathos of being neither, but subject to both.
Luminous Sores
Authors: Rasula Jed 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the transformative interface of modernity and modernism, with special attention to its visage as the “Machine Age.” The impact of modernization, combined with industrial warfare, recalibrated the sensory ratios of the human organism. The age of nerves it was called, registering the impact of speed and the imperative to apprehend the new order in flashes of instantaneous apperception. Practitioners across the arts learned to articulate disarticulation. The ensuing dissonance spawned by innovation, threatening inherited forms with obsolescence, was at once invigorating and dispiriting. Aesthetic transformation was felt with pathic sensitivity as a kind of artistic bereavement, as well as a necessary cleansing. Past and future grinding against each other like tectonic plates precipitated what the Surrealists called convulsive beauty.
Gathering Hay in a Thunderstorm
Authors: Rasula Jed 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Concentrating on two case histories—that of art historian Aby Warburg in a psychiatric institution, and poet H.D. in psychoanalysis with Freud—the war trauma of noncombatants provides insight into the curative properties of antiquity. These cases reveal an intermediate zone between pathos and pathology, or feeling and distress, as they are profiled against the backdrop of what Stefan Zweig identified as the “new pathos”—a phrase adopted as the title of an Expressionist journal in Germany. Urban modernity’s new rhythms provoked explorations of a new or transformed body, a visionary corporeal reanimation theorized by filmmaker Jean Epstein as the advent of a new health emerging from the collective pathogenesis of the Great War.
Make It New
Authors: Rasula Jed 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Ezra Pound’s oft-cited 1934 slogan “Make It New” has long served as an unofficial mantra of modernism. But exhortations to artistic renovation had provided a steady background to modern art and literature for several decades by then. For many it meant starting from scratch, an initiative notably prominent after the First World War as many envisioned a new world, a new order displacing nationalist predation with cosmopolitan internationalism. Paeans to the new accelerated after the war, tautological, euphoric, feeding on a momentary energy reflecting not only new forms but a new form of life. After 1929 that optimism was countered by rival applications, booster slogans like the New Deal and the New Germany, as the aesthetic avowal of the new came under assault from reactionary political tendencies.
Multiplied Man
Authors: Rasula Jed 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The title of this chapter comes from Marinetti’s uomo moltiplicato, a rallying cry for Italian Futurism. The artifice of optimism is here arrayed in a carnival procession or roll call of name changes, names in flux in the sprawl of pseudonyms endemic in modernism. The supreme instance of this phenomenon is Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa with his host of heteronyms, alternate identities with their own unique practices. The case of Pessoa illustrates and affirms Nietzsche’s hypothesis of the subject as multiple, appraised by William Butler Yeats as “the emotion of multitude.” The pseudonyms and heteronyms populate the modern arts as if “making it new” commenced with the proper name.
The New Mythology
Authors: Rasula Jed 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
After the Great War, the emerging values in art were purification and organization. Furthermore, Constructivism emerged in the early USSR as a determined effort to rethink the role of art in the milieu of a social tabula rasa. Artistic attempts to reconstitute primal qualities were linked with the effort to revitalize art by vanquishing “Art” altogether. The quest for a new realism affirmed the primal qualities in art as abstract or concrete, the terms of which were recapitulated in the 1936 publication Circle. Contemporaneously, Finnegans Wake was being serialized in the journal Transition, and James Joyce’s “Work in Progress” came to exemplify a new mythology for all the arts. The chapter concludes with a look at the exponents of abstraction and Surrealism in their American exile during the Second World War, as these opposing initiatives began to merge in their quest for a new mythology.
The Criminalization of Health and Safety at Work
Authors: Ford Michael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter adopts a historical perspective on the development of criminalization of health and safety law. In so doing, it emphasizes the divergence in perspective between criminal lawyers and labour lawyers on fundamental matters of value. Criminal lawyers have tended to focus on the development of criminalization-limiting principles as an exercise in normative theory, whereas labour lawyers have tended to focus on instrumental outcomes in terms of whether health and safety outcomes are improved. If criminal law works in that instrumental sense, then so much the better, and that supersedes niceties about the justifiability of criminalization. This chapter identifies the central importance of criminalization as a tool of deregulation in the modern era, following the removal of a civil right to seek compensation for breach of statutory duties under the health and safety legislation. By channelling enforcement exclusively through the criminal law, the individual worker is thereby disempowered in their standing to control the legal process and its outcomes.
The Carceral State at Work
Authors: Zatz Noah D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents a very striking configuration of the relationship between the criminal law and the world of work: in the United States, custodial punishment for criminal offences, bearing especially heavily upon the population of colour, is so extensive as to identify that country as a ‘carceral state’; and it is one in which this enormous resort to imprisonment has seemingly contradictory repressive effects upon the workforce. On the one hand, it excludes many people from the labour market through pervasive discrimination against those with a criminal record. But on the other hand, it coerces many people into work; several institutions require people not currently imprisoned to work or face incarceration as a sanction. The contradiction may be resolved by considering the quality of work at issue, as exclusion from better jobs is complemented by coercion into worse ones: ‘subordinated inclusion’. This transformative effect of criminalization alters one’s basic understanding of how labour law regulates personal work relations.
Internal Governance of the IETF, W3C, OASIS, and IEEE
Authors: Harcourt Alison , Christou George , Simpson Seamus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 explains the internal organization of SDOs. It outlines the four main layers which make up the Internet and focuses on the principal SDOs associated with them: the IETF, W3C, the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), and IEEE, analysing their governance structures and most salient areas of work. Standards are important for interoperability and to prevent lock-in to single company technology. SDOs enable a wider technical community to scrutinize proposals for errors and security. Nonetheless, procedures for decision-making are complex and often opaque. The chapter explores decision-making in a governance context. It charts the evolution of each SDO, and its main purpose, functions, and central decision-making processes. It highlights the differences as well as the degree of synergy and collaboration between each and then explains how procedures vary between the different fora and how moving goalposts and high barriers to entry make it difficult for civil society to participate.