bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kemampuan hambat ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) terhadap adhesi bakteri Streptococcus mutans
Authors: B Erin Imaniar , Kunarti Sri , Saraswati Widya 
Published: July 2020

Background : Streptococcus mutans is the most cariogenic microorganism in the oral cavity. Streptococcus mutans has the ability to use dietary carbohydrates, such as sucrose, to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (glucan and fructan) through glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase. Extracellular polysaccharide has a role in promoting the adhesion of bacteria. Chlorhexidine is the gold standard as antiplaque agent but chlorhexidine is not fully able to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria because it has an effect that can increase gtfC and gtfD expression on S. mutans in planktonic form. Temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) contains of curcumin, xanthorrhizol, saponin, flavonoid and tannin that have an effect to inhibit activity and secretion of glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase. Purpose: The aim of this study is to find out the ability of temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) to inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Method: This study was designed as an experimental laboratory study with post test only control group design using Streptococcus mutans. Temulawak was extracted using maceration method. The number of bacteria that can perform adhesion to the tooth surface can be determined by performing calculations using formulas plate count method. Result: Temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) at concentrations of 25%, 37.5%, 50% and chlorhexidine can inhibit bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Conclusion: Temulawak extract at concentration of 50% and 37.5% has the best ability to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria among other treatment groups.
Perbedaan Perlekatan Biofilm Streptococcus mutans pada Resin Komposit Nanofil Tipe Universal Restortive dan Flowable Restorative
Authors: Kurniawan Andi , Suardita Ketut , Zubaidah Nanik 
Published: July 2020

Back Ground: Adherence of Stretococcus mutans biofilm (S. mutans) to the surface of dental restorative materials is considered an important step in the development of secondary caries and periodontal disease. There are two type of nanofil composite: universal restorative and flowable restorative. That have different characteristic to induce S.mutans biofilm adherent in it surface. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the adherence of S. mutans biofilm to two types of nanofil restorative materials, flowable restorative and universal restorative.. Materials and Methode: 32 disc-shaped specimens (∅ = 5.0 mm / thickness = 2.0 mm) of two types composite were divided to 4 groups (n = 8): group 1; universal restorative were immersed in pH cycling solution for 14 days ,group 2; Universal restorative were immersed in water for 14 day,group 3: flowable restorative were immersed in pH cycling solution,group 4: flowable restorative were immersed for 14 days in water . in day 15 th, All speciments(n=32) were immersed for 24 hours in artificial saliva.. Streptococcus mutans cells were brought in contact with and grown on the speciments for 48 hours in BHI-B. Bacterial suspension was deposited onto each material and the adhesion of biofilm was evaluated trough optic density (OD) . Optic density biofilm of S.mutans analyzed using Elissa reader’ Spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskall -wallis and Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). Result: Adherence of S.mutans biofilm on flowable restorative (mean OD:1,933, SD: 0,633) were significantly higher than universal restorative materials (mean OD: 1,240,SD:0,317). (P<0,05) Conclusion: The adherence of S.mutans biofilm on the surface of composites resin nanofil flowable restorative higher than universal restorative.
EKSPRESI Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) DAN Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-β) PADA PERIODONTITIS APIKALIS KRONIS AKIBAT INDUKSI Enterococcus faecalis PADA TIKUS WISTAR
Authors: Fritzgerald Richard , Lunardhi Cecilia , Effendy Ruslan , Yuanita Tamara 
Published: July 2020

Background. Root canal treatment is a main role in decreasing infection from root canal and pulp. The main cause of periapical damage mostly are bacteries. E.faecalis is a bactery that is found as an etiology of endodontic treatment failure. Cell wall of this bacteria is containing Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA can penetrate into the periradicular tissue, act as endotoxin in host and cause periradicular inflammation then lead to bone destruction. LTA stimulates immunology reaction that produce Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-ß). TNF-α is a main mediator and also have an important role in inflamation response otherwise TGF-ß is working as a multifunction regulator of cell growth and differentiation during reforming and remodelling. Purpose. The aim of this study is to know about the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß during the periapical tissue damage due to induction of E.faecalis. Method. This study used laboratory experimental with the post test only control group design. A total of 30 male rats were randomly divided into 3 main groups, Group A (control negative) : normal tooth. Group B (control positive) : every tooth was induced only by sterile BHI-b. Group C (treated group) : every tooth was induced by 10 μl BHI-b E.faecalis ATCC212(106 CFU). The animals were sacrificed 21 days later and prepared for histological examination of tissue damage, then we did the immunohistochemistry followed by calculation on the light microscope. Result. The analysis revealed that the expression of TNF-α at treated group are higher than negative control and positive control but the expression of TGF-ß at treated group are higher than the negative control group but lower than positive control. Conclusion. From this study we know that the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß are changing during the periapical tissue damage that induced by E.faecalis.
EKSPRESI MATRIKS METALLOPROTEINASE-8 DAN INTERLEUKIN-8 PADA KERUSAKAN JARINGAN PERIAPIKAL AKIBAT INDUKSI BAKTERI ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS
Authors: Yuanita Tamara , Radito Tantri Wismayaning , Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin , Roulianto R. 
Published: July 2020

Background. The main etiology of endodontic treatment failure is caused by bacteries that stay in the root canal. E.faecalis is a bactery that is found as an etiology of endodontic treatment failure. Cell wall of this bacteria is containing Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA can penetrate into the periradicular tissue, act as endotoxin in host and cause periradicular inflammation and destruction. It occurs due to the capability of IL-8 to enhance the inflamation reaction and MMP-8 to stop the collagen formation. The ability of enterococcus faecalis in enhancing inflamation process cause host can not reach the homeostasis phase and performing an even bigger tissue damage. Purpose. The aim of this study is to know about the expression of MMP-8 and IL-8 during the periapical tissue damage due to induction of E.faecalis. Method. This study used laboratory experimental with the post test only control group design. A total of 54 male rats were randomly divided into 2 main groups, which each main group had 3 subgroups. Group A (control) : every tooth was induced only by sterile BHIb. Group A had 3 subgroups (A Control day 3, 10, and 21), group B : every tooth was induced by 10 μl BHI-b E.faecalis ATCC212(106 CFU), it was contained 3 sub groups (B day 3,10, and 21). The animals were sacrificed based on their days scheduled group and prepared for histological examination of tissue damage, then we did the immunohistochemistry followed by calculation on the light microscope. Result. The analysis revealed that the expression of MMP-8 and IL-8 increased significantly in group B when E.faecalis was induced. Conclusion. From this study we know that the expression of MMP-8 and IL-8 are increasing during the periapical tissue damage that induced by E.faecalis.
Perbedaan Daya AntibakteriEkstrak Kulit Kokoa (Theobroma cacao)dan NaOCl 2,5% terhadapPorphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Yuanita Tamara , Jannah Rifatul , Pasetyo Edhie Arif , Setyabudi Setyabudi 
Published: July 2020

Background: Since pulp infection plays an important role in the development of periradicular lesions, endodontic treatment should be directed to eliminate bacterial and theirproducts. However, currently 20% of cases of apical periodontitis are not resolved after root canal treatment and therefore required for new root canal disinfection. The most commonly used irrigation material today is NaOCl 2.5%. However, NaOCl has negative effects, including being toxic when the material is injected into the periradicular tissue causing extensive pain, bleeding and swelling. Until now, many drugs come from plants that are still produced from plant extracts. One of the plants that can be utilized is cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Cocoa contains active compounds, such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flanonoids, aromatic terpenoids, theobromins and other metabolites. Cocoa husk has been studied to have an antibacterial effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis which is the main bacterial cause of apical periodontal. However, the difference in antibacterial activity between cocoa husk extract and NaOCl 2.5% againstPorphyromonas gingivalis has not been studied. Porpuse:The aim of this study is to compare antibacterial activity of cocoa husk extract and NaOCl 2.5% againstPorphyromonas gingivalis.Method: This research was a laboratory experimental study. Porphyromonas gingivalis were swabbed to nutrient agar medium. Consequently, cocoa husk extract 25% and NaOCl 2.5% were placed in wells of 5mm diameter and nutrient agar medium. The diameter of the zone of inhibition around the test materials was measured after 24 hours.Result:Cocoa husk extract has lower mean inhibitory zone diameter (14.22) than NaOCl 2.5% (16.06). Conclusion:Cocoa husk extract has lower antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis compared to NaOCl 2.5%.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Pasien Terhadap Kepatuhan Menjalani Perawatan Berulang
Authors: Maulidah Isnia , Roelianto M , Sampoerno Galih 
Published: July 2020

Background: Dental caries is one of oral and dental disease that has high prevalence in Indonesia. The fact showed that there are many dental caries were in advanced condition, resulting in root canal treatment needed. The failure of root canal treatment usually caused by patient non compliance in multivisit treatment. It was probably because of the lack of public knowledge about oral and dental health. Purpose: This study was to investigate the correlation between oral and dental health knowledge with patient compliance in multivisit treatment. Methods: An analytic survey using cross sectional design was carry out on 35 patients in UPF Konservasi Gigi RSGMP FKG UNAIR around September-November 2011. The data gathering was done using both questionnaire and focused interview. The test of Spearman correlation was used to measure the correlation between the oral and dental health knowledge to patient compliance in multivisit treatment. Result: This study showed that there was no significant correlation between oral and dental health knowledge to patient compliance (p=0,837). But there was significant correlation between patient compliance with patient motivation (p=0,006), needs (p=0,020), perception (p=0,018) and dental treatment cost (p=0,034) with patien compliance in multivisist dental treatment. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between oral and dental health knowledge to patient compliance. There are other factors that give significance contribution to the increasement of complianced beside knowledge, such as motivation, needs, patient’s perception in continousy treatment and and cost.
Perbedaan ketebalan odontoblast-like cells setelah aplikasi CAPE dan Kalsium Hidroksida
Authors: Prawitasari Putri Galuh , Samadi Karlina , Subiyanto Ari 
Published: July 2020

Background : CAPE is the main component of propolis, it has several biology and fpharmocological advantages as antioxidant, antiinflammation, anticancer and as an immunomodulator. There were the research before of CAPE is capable to stimulate the production of the TGF-β 1 and collagen sintesis by the pulp tissue with many superiority compare to Ca(OH)2, recently Ca(OH)2 is the gold standard for pulp capping treatment procedure. Objective : To determine and compare the effectiveness of CAPE and Ca(OH)2 to the thickness of odontoblast-like cells in rat pulp tissue. Methods : Maxillary first molar tooth of wistar mice was class 1 preparated until the pulp opened, then Ca(OH)2 was aplicated for 14 and 28 days, CAPE for 14 and 28 days. After application of Ca(OH)2 and propolis extract, the tooth was filled with RMGIC. Teeth were extracted on defined day and processed for histological evaluation. Result : There is a significant difference in the thickness of odontoblast-like cells after application of CAPE for 14 days with Ca(OH)2 for 14 days and CAPE for 28 days with Ca(OH)2 for 28 days. Conclusion : odontoblast-like cells after aplication of CAPE extract material is thicker than Ca(OH)2.
Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Batang Pisang Ambon (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) terhadap Pertumbuhan Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Hafizha H. , Suardita Ketut , Pribadi Nirawati 
Published: July 2020

Background: Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most common bacteria in root canal after endodontic treatment. This species is found in about 77% of the cases that resistant to treatment. It is necessary to develop an alternative for intracanal dressing, one of the potential substance is natural ingredients. The stem of ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) extract contains active substances such as tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and antraquinone, which have been known for their antibacterial potency. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ambonese banana stem (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) extract against Enterococcus faecalis. Method: This research was a laboratory experimental study. Ambonese banana stem extract was made by maceration method with ethanol 96% and certain dilution was performed to obtain various concentration. Value of MIC and MBC of ambonese banana stem extract against Enterococcus faecalis were known by counting the growth of bacteria colonies on blood agar media in CFU/ml. Result: The percentages of bacteria colonies at concentration 85%; 82,5%; 80%; 77,5%; 75%; 72,5%; 70%; and 67,5% of ambonese banana stem extract in sequence were 0%; 0%; 0%; 0%; 0%; 0%; 7,44%; and 14,53% from the positive control. Conclusion: The stem of ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) extract had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 70% concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 72,5% concentration against Enterococcus faecalis.
EFFICACY OF DIODE LASSER 405 NM WITH CHLOROPHYLLS AS PHOTOSENSITIZER ON Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Kunarti Sri , Tjandra Amellia , Prasetyo Edhie Arif 
Published: July 2020

Background: The presence of persistent infections in the root canals by microorganisms causes root canal failure. The most commonly found bacteria that cause persistent infection is Enterococcus faecalis. PDI / photodynamic inactivation is an in vitro approach to inactivation of microorganisms. The combination of light and photosensitivity of chlorophyll in PDI will cause photoinactivation in bacteria. Long radiation of PDT can affect the production of singlet oxygen and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) to kill Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Objective: To prove the effect of 405 nm laser diode with and without chlorophyll photosensitizer and the irradiation effect of 405 nm laser diode on the number of CFU of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Method: This study used the Enterococcus faecalis bacteria cultur which was divided into 5 groups. Group I as control group, Group II irradiation 30 ', III chlorophyll + irradiation 30', IV irradiation 60 ', V chlorophyll + irradiation 60'. After incubation, the bacteria count was calculated with Quebec Colony Counter and analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test and Anova test. Results: There were significant differences (p <0.05) between the number of colonies of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in each treatment group. Longer duration of PDT exposure (Group II and IV) with chlorophyll showed less number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Conclusion: The longer the PDT irradiation, the less number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The 60-second radiation with chlorophyll showed the least amount of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria.
Perbedaan efektifitas penutupan tubulus dentin antara pasta gigi yang mengandung bioaktif glass (novamin) dan strontium chloride
Authors: Shinta Profilia , Suardita Ketut , Mudjiono Moch. 
Published: July 2020

Background : Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful clinical condition and is characterized by pain arising from exposed dentin in response to various stimuli. Various treatment modalities are available to treat dentinal hypersensitivity which include at-home and in-office treatment. At home treatment generally consists of a variety of dentrifices containing different constituents like strontium chloride and bioactive glass (Novamin). These agents cause occlusion of dentinal tubules thereby reducing hypersensitivity.Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effects of different desensitizing dentifrices on dentinal tubule occlusion by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of strontium chloride and bioactive glass (Novamin) pastes in the treatment of dentinehypersensitivity (DH) Methods: sixteen extractedspecimens from bovine incisors teeth with randomized into 2 groups (n=8). The crowns were removed from the root and the crown were sectioned longitudinally into two parts (in a mesiodistaldirection). The cervical toothwere resulting in two samples per tooth.Dentinal tubules were exposedand thesamples provided a 4 mm x 4 mm area of exposed dentinal tubules.Group 1 (treated with strontium chloride), Group 2 (treated with bioactive glass (novamin))After each treatment for seven days, tubule occlusion on dentin were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The data were analyzed using “mann-whitneytest” (p<0.05).Result: Groups bioactive glass (novamin) showed tubule occlusion highest when compared with groups strontium chloride.Conclusion: bioactive glass (novamin) paste showed tubule occlusion highest with strontium chloride
Barriers, enablers and strategies for the treatment and control of hypertension in Nepal: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Dhungana Raja Ram , Pedisic Zeljko , Pandey Achyut Raj , Shrestha Nipun , de Courten Maximilian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The challenge of achieving effective treatment and control of blood pressure is linked to various barriers to hypertension care at different layers of health system (HS). Evidence is emerging globally on the effectiveness of multi-pronged hypertension control strategies. However, no systematic review of strategies of and factors associated with hypertension treatment and control in Nepal is available. Understanding country-specific factors influencing hypertension care is critical to address the gaps in the management of hypertension. This study aimed to systematically review published literature and synthesise the findings on barriers, enablers and strategies for hypertension treatment and control in Nepal. Methods: Six databases namely Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest and WorldCat, Nepali journals and Nepal government websites were systematically searched for qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies investigating the factors or strategies in relation to hypertension treatment and control in Nepal. The methodological quality of selected articles was assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Themes on barriers and enablers were generated and framed under “health system” , “provider” and “patient” domains, according to the framework synthesis approach. Findings on hypertension strategies were narratively synthesised. Results: We identified 14 published studies; one with mixed, three with qualitative and 10 with quantitative methods. Eight were related to barriers and enablers and six of hypertension strategies. The identified barriers associated with the HS were: lack of affordable services and lack of resources. The barriers at the provider’s level were: communication gaps and long waiting hours for appointments. Poor help-seeking behaviour, non-adherence to medication, perceived side-effects of drugs, financial hardship and lack of family support were barriers identified at patient level. The following enablers were identified: positive illness perception, free essential healthcare services and family support. Strategies implemented across the HS, provider and patient were: establishing digital health records at health centres, health worker’s capacity development, health education and yoga practice. Conclusion: There is a range of barriers for hypertension treatment and control in Nepal pertaining to the HS, providers, and patients. Comprehensive interventions are needed at all three levels to further improve management and control of hypertension in Nepal.Registration: The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020145823)
Effect of Maternal Sleep, Physical Activity and Screen Time during Pregnancy on the Risk of Childhood Respiratory Allergies: a Sex-specific Study
Authors: Chen Yiting , Lyu Jiajun , Xia Yuanqing , Zhu Jianzhen , Tong Shilu , Yin Yong , Qu Jiajie , Li Shenghui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Early life exposure in the uterus had long-term effect on children's health. As the prevalence of allergies is increasing with a remarkable gender difference, very few studies have traced back to their early origins. We sought to investigate if maternal behavioral exposure, herein sleep, physical activity and screen time during pregnancy, is associated childhood respiratory allergies. The sex difference would be examined. Methods: 6236 mother-child pairs from Shanghai Children Allergy Study (SCAS) were enrolled, The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was adopted to evaluate respiratory allergic diseases. Results: 14.6%, 16.2% and 21.0% of children had asthma, wheeze, and allergic rhinitis, respectively. Maternal short sleep duration, lack of physical activity and too much screen exposure during pregnancy could increase the risk of childhood respiratory allergies. Moreover, a dose-response trend was clearly shown. However, the significance was found only in males, any two of the three combined could increase the risk (OR,1.921; 95%CI,1.217-3.033), and the coexistence of all three further amplified the risk (OR,2.412; 95%CI,1.489-3.906). The findings can be verified in allergen test subgroup and single type of respiratory allergies in most cases. And gender difference was identified, all above associations were mainly observed in males. Conclusions: Maternal unhealthy behaviors during pregnancy could increase the risk of childhood respiratory allergies with a dose-response pattern. Males were more susceptible to the association. The identification of modifiable maternal risk behaviors lies in the emphasis of intervention in early life to face up increasing childhood allergies.