bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the efficacy and safety of intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine versus intralesional vitamin D3 for the treatment of warts in children
Authors: Mohta Alpana , Kushwaha Ramesh Kumar , Gautam Umesh , Sharma Pritee , Nyati Asha , Jain Suresh Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntralesional vitamin D3 has recently emerged as a new treatment for cutaneous warts. The use of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine for this purpose is an established modality. However, relevant data on the efficacy of either the MMR vaccine or vitamin D3 as immunotherapy for cutaneous warts in the pediatric population are limited.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of intralesional injections of MMR vaccine to intralesional injections of vitamin D3 in children aged 8‐16 years with multiple warts.MethodsA total of 74 children were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A patients received intralesional MMR vaccine into the largest wart, and group B received intralesional vitamin D3 into the largest wart. The injections were repeated every 4 weeks until clearance or for a maximum of three treatments. After the last injection, children were followed up every 2 weeks for 3 months, and at the sixth month, a final clinical assessment was conducted.ResultsOf 74 children, 60 completed the study, with 30 children in each group. Complete clearance of the injected wart was observed in 26 (86.67%) patients in the MMR group (group A) and 23 (76.7%) patients in the vitamin D3 group (group B). Distant warts cleared in 23 (76.7%) patients in group A compared to 20 (66.6%) patients in group B. There was no significant difference between groups. No recurrence was seen in group A, whereas two (6.6%) children in group B exhibited recurrence in the ensuing 6‐month follow‐up. The most common adverse events were injection site pain and swelling.ConclusionBoth intralesional MMR and vitamin D3 are safe, generally well‐tolerated, and equally effective in children for the treatment of cutaneous warts.
Relational egalitarianism
Authors: Nath Rekha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the past few decades, there has been a growing literature on relational egalitarianism. Relational egalitarianism is a view on the nature and value of equality. In contrast to the dominant view in recent debates on equality—distributive egalitarianism, on which equality is about ensuring people have or fare the same in some respect—on the relational view, equality is a matter of the terms on which relationships are structured. But what exactly does it mean for people to relate as equals? And why are relations of equality valuable? Relational egalitarians have offered quite different answers to each of these questions. In this article, I draw attention to some key issues that underlie these disagreements, and I offer a taxonomy of different viewpoints that have emerged in the recent literature on these matters.
How literature expands your imagination
Authors: Peacocke Antonia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany great authors claim that reading literature can expand your phenomenal imagination and allow you to imagine experiences you have never had. How is this possible? Your phenomenal imagination is constrained by your phenomenal concepts, which are in turn constrained by the phenomenology of your own actual past experiences. Literature could expand your phenomenal imagination, then, by giving you new phenomenal concepts. This paper explains how this can happen. Literature can direct your attention to previously unnoticed phenomenal properties of your own past experiences, as brought to mind by involuntary memory. This process gives you the opportunity to notice those phenomenal properties for the first time, and so also to form phenomenal concepts of those properties. Forming a new phenomenal concept strictly expands the range of your phenomenal imagination. It gives you the capacity to imagine more than you could have before, including certain specific kinds of experience that you yourself have never enjoyed firsthand. Literature’s capacity to expand your phenomenal imagination in this way is central to its social, moral, and epistemic value.
Normative explanation unchained
Authors: Väyrynen Pekka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNormative theories aim to explain why things have the normative features they have. This paper argues that, contrary to some plausible existing views, one important kind of normative explanations which first‐order normative theories aim to formulate and defend can fail to transmit downward along chains of metaphysical determination of normative facts by non‐normative facts. Normative explanation is plausibly subject to a kind of a justification condition whose satisfaction may fail to transmit along the relevant kind of metaphysical hierarchy. A broader aim of the paper is to contribute to systematic theorizing about normative explanation: whereas there has been a great deal of work on scientific explanation, there has been little by way of systematic exploration of what sort of explanations normative theories aim to formulate and defend.
Regulatory novelty after financial crises: Evidence from international banking and securities standards, 1975–2016
Authors: Pagliari Stefano , Wilf Meredith 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFinancial crises are often presented as triggers for important innovations in international regulation of financial markets, but existing evidence for this claim primarily derive from the analyses of individual initiatives, assessed against noncomparable benchmarks. In order to provide systematic evidence of financial crises' impact on international financial regulatory change, this paper develops a novel text‐as‐data approach to measure regulatory novelty. We use this approach to analyze the full population of international banking and securities standards between 1975 and 2016. Contrary to theoretical expectations, our empirical findings indicate rules designed by international banking and securities regulators following financial crises are on average as likely to build on existing international regulations as those designed before a crisis. We also find that international banking rules published after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis are an important exception.
Effects of velocity loss in the bench press exercise on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Pareja‐Blanco Fernando , Alcazar Julian , Cornejo‐Daza Pedro J , Sánchez‐Valdepeñas Juan , Rodriguez‐Lopez Carlos , Hidalgo‐de Mora Javier , Sánchez‐Moreno Miguel , Bachero‐Mena Beatriz , Alegre Luis M. , Ortega‐Becerra Manuel 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effects of four velocity‐based training (VBT) programs in bench press (BP) between a wide range of velocity loss (VL) thresholds—0% (VL0), 15% (VL15), 25% (VL25), and 50% (VL50)—on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy.MethodsSixty‐four resistance‐trained young men were randomly assigned into four groups (VL0, VL15, VL25, and VL50) that differed in the VL allowed in each set. Subjects followed a VBT program for 8‐weeks using the BP exercise. Before and after the VBT program the following tests were performed: (a) cross‐sectional area (CSA) measurements of pectoralis major (PM) muscle; (b) maximal isometric test; (c) progressive loading test; and (d) fatigue test.ResultsSignificant group x time interactions were observed for CSA (P < .01) and peak root mean square in PM (peak RMS‐PM, P < .05). VL50 showed significantly greater gains in CSA than VL0 (P < .05). Only the VL15 group showed significant increases in peak RMS‐PM (P < .01). Moreover, only VL0 showed significant gains in the early rate of force development (RFD, P = .05), while VL25 and VL50 improved in the late RFD (P ≤ .01‐.05). No significant group × time interactions were found for any of the dynamic strength variables analyzed, although all groups showed significant improvements in all these parameters.ConclusionHigher VL thresholds allowed for a greater volume load which maximized muscle hypertrophy, whereas lower VL thresholds evoked positive neuromuscular‐related adaptations. No significant differences were found between groups for strength gains, despite the wide differences in the total volume accumulated by each group.
Comparative analysis of skin characteristics evaluation by a dermatologist and the Janus‐III measurement system
Authors: Leem Sangseob , Kim Seong Jin , Kim Yunkwan , Shin Joong‐Gon , Song Hae Jung , Lee Seo‐Gyeong , Seo Jung Yeon , Kim Kyunghoe , You Seung Won , Park Sun Gyoo , Kang Nae Gyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Janus‐III measurement system evaluates the overall skin characteristics such as skin pore, wrinkle, sebum, porphyrin, skin pigmentation, and skin color using high‐resolution facial images. The values are measured from five different facial areas, namely, the forehead, nose, corner of/skin below the eyes, and cheeks. Owing to its convenience and diverse measuring characteristics, Janus‐III has been widely used in skin research and the cosmetic industry in Korea. In our previous study, we revealed the consistency and reliability of the system with repeatedly measured values. Its measuring performance was investigated statistically, but to make it more reliable for academic skin research, additional verification by a professional dermatologist is needed.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we conducted comparative analysis of three skin characteristics (pigmented spot, skin color, and eye wrinkle) by a dermatologist and the Janus‐III measurement system. We utilized 330 image data that were cropped from the whole facial images of 330 different participants to avoid correlation among the three measuring items. Pearson's correlation coefficient exhibited similar patterns between the system and the dermatologist's findings.ResultsThe main finding of our study was that the measured value of skin characteristics by the Janus‐III system showed clear correlation with the values evaluated by a dermatologist, especially in a pigmented spot.ConclusionTherefore, it would be a plausible idea to consider the Janus‐III system for specialized research of skin characteristics even with a small sample size.
Kidney transplantation during coronavirus 2019 pandemic at a large hospital in Miami
Authors: Chandorkar Aditya , Coro Ana , Natori Yoichiro , Anjan Shweta , Abbo Lilian M. , Guerra Giselle , Mattiazzi Adela D. , Mendez‐Castaner Lumen A. , Morris Michele I. , Camargo Jose F. , Vianna Rodrigo , Simkins Jacques 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in more than 350 000 deaths worldwide. The number of kidney transplants has declined during the pandemic. We describe our deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT) experience during the pandemic.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the safety of DDKT during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Multiple preventive measures were implemented. Adult patients that underwent DDKT from 3/1/20 to 4/30/20 were included. COVID‐19 clinical manifestations from donors and recipients, and post‐transplant outcomes (COVID‐19 infections, readmissions, allograft rejection, and mortality) were obtained. The kidney transplant (KT) recipients were followed until 5/31/20.ResultsSeventy‐six patients received kidneys from 57 donors. Fever, dyspnea, and cough were reported in 1, 2, and 1 donor, respectively. Thirty‐eight (66.6%) donors were tested for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) prior to donation (mainly by nasopharyngeal or bronchoalveolar lavage polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and 36 (47.3%) KT recipients were tested at the time of DDKT by nasopharyngeal PCR; all of these were negative. Our recipients were followed for a median of 63 (range: 33‐91) days. A total of 42 (55.3%) recipients were tested post‐transplant for SARS‐CoV2 by nasopharyngeal PCR including 12 patients that became symptomatic; all tests were negative except for one that was inconclusive, but it was repeated and came back negative. Forty (52.6%) KT recipients were readmitted, and 7 (9.2%) had biopsy‐proven rejection during the follow‐up. None of the KT recipients transplanted during this period died.ConclusionsOur cohort demonstrated that DDKT can be safely performed during the COVID‐19 pandemic when preventive measures are implemented.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID‐19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients in Razi hospital, Rasht, Iran
Authors: Monfared Ali , Dashti‐Khavidaki Simin , Jafari Ramezan , Jafari Atefeh , Ramezanzade Elham , Lebadi Mohamad‐Kazem , Haghdar‐Saheli Yalda , Aghajanzadeh Pegah , Khosravi Masoud , Movassaghi Ali , Taghvaye‐Masoumi Hamidreza , Alavi Foumani Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn late December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 started to spread around the world in different populations. Its clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome in kidney transplant recipients are little known. Therefore, we describe 22 kidney transplant recipients with SARS‐CoV‐2–induced pneumonia.MethodsAll kidney transplant recipients who referred to the Razi Hospital of Rasht with a diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection from February 20 to 19th of April 2020 have been included in this observational study.ResultsWe present 22 cases of COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients (median age 52 years [interquartile range 40.75‐62.75 years]) and baseline eGFR 60 (mL/min/1.73 m2) (44.75‐86.75). Patients complained of cough (72.7%), dyspnea (63.6%), fever (68.2%), and chill (72.7%) with greater prevalence. We decreased the dose of immunosuppression and started stress dose of intravenous hydrocortisone or equivalent oral prednisolone. Each patient received antiviral therapy based on the latest updated version of local protocol at the time of admission. CT scan findings in 90.9% of patients showed bilateral multifocal lesions. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was observed in 12 patients during hospitalization. Six patients died after a median of 12 days from admission (IQR, 1‐21).ConclusionsIn this small observational study, we observed high AKI occurrence and mortality rate in kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19.
Combination of quercetin and exercise training attenuates depression in rats with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced colorectal cancer: Possible involvement of inflammation and BDNF signalling
Authors: Sadighparvar Shirin , Darband Saber Ghazizadeh , Yousefi Bahman , Kaviani Mojtaba , Ghaderi‐Pakdel Firouz , Mihanfar Ainaz , Babaei Ghader , Mobaraki Kazhal , Majidinia Maryam 
Published: July 2020

New FindingsWhat is the central question of this study?What are the alleviative effects of the combination of exercise training and quercetin supplementation on colorectal cancer‐related depression in rats with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced colorectal cancer and what is the corresponding signalling pathway?What is the main finding and its importance?We showed that the combination of exercise training and quercetin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in tumour incidence and improvement in depressive‐like behaviours through modulation of the BDNF/TrKβ/β‐catenin axis in the prefrontal cortex.AbstractIn addition to physical problems, depression is considered to be one of the most important challenges for patients with various types of cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. Inflammation and upregulation of brain neurotrophic factors are two major links between cancer and depression. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the alleviative effects of quercetin and exercise training on depressive‐like behaviours in rats with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐induced colorectal cancer and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Animals were assigned into the following five groups: (i) control group; (ii) DMH (20 mg kg−1s.c., once a week for 10 weeks); (iii) DMH for 10 weeks, followed by quercetin (50 mg kg−1p.o., once per week) for 12 weeks; (iv) DMH for 10 weeks, followed by exercise training for 12 weeks; and (v) DMH for 10 weeks, followed by quercetin and exercise training for 12 weeks. The DMH‐treated rats showed an increase in depressive‐like behaviours in both open field and forced swimming tests. Histopathological examination revealed neural damage and reduced Nissl bodies in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, administration of DMH increased inflammatory cytokines in the serum, prefrontal cortex and tumour tissues and decreased the expression levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase β receptor (TrKβ) and β‐catenin in the cortex. In contrast, treatment with quercetin and exercise training effectively alleviated all the above‐mentioned DMH‐associated behavioural, biochemical and histopathological alterations without changing its anti‐tumour activity. Taken together, our results show that the combination of quercetin and exercise training exerts potent anti‐tumour and anti‐depressive effects through suppression of inflammation and upregulation of the BDNF/TrKβ/β‐catenin axis in the prefrontal cortex.
Mathematical Analysis of Some Reaction Networks Inducing Biological Growth/Decay Functions.
Authors: Tsocheva Ksenia Ivova 
Published: July 2020

In this work, we study some characteristics of sigmoidal growth/decay functions that are solutions of dynamical systems. In addition, the studied dynamical systems have a realization in terms of reaction networks that are closely related to the Gompertzian and logistic type growth models. Apart from the growing species, the studied reaction networks involve an additional species interpreted as an environmental resource. The reaction network formulationВ of the proposed models hints forВ the intrinsic mechanism of the modeled growthВ process and can be used for analyzing evolutionaryВ measured data when testing various appropriateВ models, especially when studying growth processesВ in life sciences. TheВ proposed reaction network realization of GompertzВ growth model can be interpreted from the perspectiveВ of demographic and socio-economic sciences.В The reaction network approachВ clearly explains the intimate links between the GompertzВ model and the Verhulst logistic model.В There are shown reversible reactions which complete the already known non-reversible ones. It is also demonstrated that the proposed approach can be applied in oscillating processes and social-science events.В The paper is richly illustrated with numericalВ computations andВ computer simulations performed by algorithmsВ using the computer algebra systemВ Mathematica.
Using Fischer plots to identify third-order sequences in the Middle Devonian, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic strata of West Virginia
Authors: Wynn Thomas C. , Bloom Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
This study examines the usefulness of accommodation plots (Fischer plots) as a means of correlating mixed carbonate-siliciclastic strata in the subsurface. Fischer plots have been widely used to extract accommodation changes from carbonate platforms, but there are few published studies of siliciclastic or mixed carbonate-siliciclastic environments. The Middle Devonian of the Appalachian Basin is penetrated by thousands of wells, is exposed in numerous exceptional outcrops, and is an excellent place to test the usefulness of accommodation history plots as correlation tools. In the past, researchers have used cores, well cuttings, well logs, and outcrop gamma-ray profiles to correlate between outcrop and subsurface data, but all these methods have their limitations. Gamma-ray logs for wells penetrating the Middle Devonian from eight locations, from Preston County in the east to Wetzel County, West Virginia, in the west, were used in this study. Accommodation cycle thicknesses were measured from gamma-ray logs, printed at a vertical scale of one inch per ten feet (2.5 cm/3 m). The accommodation cycle thickness data were entered into Antun Husinec’s FISCHERPLOTS program to produce accommodation plots. Next, well-documented, outcrop-based sequence stratigraphy was used to help interpret the results of the accommodation plots. This study demonstrates that using accommodation plots is a novel way of overcoming the uncertainties and biases of other methods. The use of this approach in other mixed carbonate-siliciclastic successions with abundant subsurface data would help to demonstrate that Fischer plots are a novel and useful approach that can help remove many of the uncertainties and biases encountered in stratigraphic correlation.
Femtoscopic correlations and the $$\varLambda _c N$$ interaction
Authors: Haidenbauer J. , Krein G. , Peixoto T. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the prospects for deducing constraints on the interaction of charmed baryons with nucleons from measurements of two-particle momentum correlation functions for $$\varLambda _c p$$

Λ
c

p

. The correlation functions are calculated for $$\varLambda _c N$$

Λ
c

N

and $$\varSigma _c N$$

Σ
c

N

interactions that have been extrapolated from lattice QCD simulations at unphysical masses of $$m_\pi =410-570$$

m
π

=
410
-
570

MeV to the physical point using chiral effective field theory as guideline. In addition, we consider phenomenological $$Y_c N$$

Y
c

N

models from the literature to explore the sensitivity of the results to the properties of the interaction in detail. We find that a measurement of the $$\varLambda _c p$$

Λ
c

p

correlation functions could indeed allow one to discriminate between strongly attractive $$\varLambda _c N$$

Λ
c

N

forces, as predicted by some phenomenological models, and a weakly attractive interaction as suggested by the presently available lattice simulations.
Linear Nearest Neighbor Realization of Quantum Circuits Using Clustering and Look-ahead Policy
Authors: Bhattacharjee Anirban , Bandyopadhyay Chandan , Mondal Bappaditya , Rahaman Hafizur 
Published: July 2020

In the last couple of years, quantum computing has come out as emerging trends of computation not only due to its immense popularity but also for its commitment towards physical realization of quantum circuit in on-chip units. At the same time, the process of physical realization has faced several design constraints and one such problem is nearest neighbor (NN) enforcement which demands all the operating qubits to be placed adjacent in the implementable circuit. Though SWAP gate embedment can transform a design into NN architecture, it still creates overhead in the design. So, designing algorithms to restrict the use of SWAPs bears high importance. Considering this fact, in this work, we are proposing a heuristic-based improved qubit placement strategy for efficient implementation of NN circuit. Two different design policies are being developed here. In the first scheme, a global reordering technique based on clustering approach is shown. In the second scheme, a local reordering technique based on look-ahead policy is developed. This look-ahead strategy considers the impact over the gates in the circuit and thereby estimates the effect using a cost metric to decide the suitable option for SWAP implementation. Furthermore, the joint use of both the ordering schemes also has been explored here. To ascertain the correctness of our design algorithms, we have tested them over a wide range of benchmarks and the obtained results are compared with some state-of-the-art design approaches. From this comparison, we have witnessed a considerable reduction on SWAP cost in our design scheme against the reported works’ results.