bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Bacterial Programmed Cell Death’: cellular altruism or genetic selfism?
Authors: Ramisetty Bhaskar Chandra Mohan , Sudhakari Pavithra Anantharaman 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Cell-dependent propagation of the ‘self’ is the driver of all species, organisms and even genes. Conceivably, elimination of these entities is caused by cellular death. Then, how can genes that cause the death of the same cell evolve? Programmed cell death (PCD) is the gene-dependent self-inflicted death. In multicellular organisms, PCD of a cell confers fitness to the surviving rest of the organism, which thereby allows the selection of genes responsible for PCD. However, PCD in free-living bacteria is intriguing; the death of the cell is the death of the organism. How can such PCD genes be selected in unicellular organisms? The bacterial PCD in a population is proposed to confer fitness to the surviving kin in the form of sporulation, nutrition, infection-containment and matrix materials. While the cell-centred view leading to propositions of ‘altruism’ is enticing, the gene-centred view of ‘selfism’ is neglected. In this opinion piece, we reconceptualize the PCD propositions as genetic selfism (death due to loss/mutation of selfish genes) rather than cellular altruism (death for the conferment of fitness to kin). Within the scope and the available evidence, we opine that some of the PCD-like observations in bacteria seem to be the manifestation of genetic selfism by Restriction–Modification systems and Toxin–Antitoxin systems.
A good start in life is important—perinatal factors dictate early microbiota development and longer term maturation
Authors: Wang Shaopu , Egan Muireann , Ryan C Anthony , Boyaval Patrick , Dempsey Eugene M , Ross R Paul , Stanton Catherine 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Maternal health status is vital for the development of the offspring of humans, including physiological health and psychological functions. The complex and diverse microbial ecosystem residing within humans contributes critically to these intergenerational impacts. Perinatal factors, including maternal nutrition, antibiotic use and maternal stress, alter the maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy, which can be transmitted to the offspring. In addition, gestational age at birth and mode of delivery are indicated frequently to modulate the acquisition and development of gut microbiota in early life. The early-life gut microbiota engages in a range of host biological processes, particularly immunity, cognitive neurodevelopment and metabolism. The perturbed early-life gut microbiota increases the risk for disease in early and later life, highlighting the importance of understanding relationships of perinatal factors with early-life microbial composition and functions. In this review, we present an overview of the crucial perinatal factors and summarise updated knowledge of early-life microbiota, as well as how the perinatal factors shape gut microbiota in short and long terms. We further discuss the clinical consequences of perturbations of early-life gut microbiota and potential therapeutic interventions with probiotics/live biotherapeutics.
Communicating Ideas and Emotions in the Long Sixteenth Century: The Spectacle of the Saints, their Relics and Souvenirs in the Northern Low Countries
Authors: Mostert Marco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the long sixteenth century, knowledge about the saints was disseminated not only through hagiographical texts, be they in Latin or the vernacular, but also through visual images, both in churches and in (urban) secular public spaces, through souvenirs such as pilgrims’ badges, ephemeral printed texts in the vernacular, and printed images. Examples from the northern Low Countries of the various media that played a role in the veneration of the saints, more particularly those that were to be encountered by pilgrims at the feasts of these holy men and women, are presented, and, whenever possible, descriptions by contemporaries will be used. This allows the links between hagiography, via sermons and miracles, with the festive occasions on which saints and believers met, to be established.
Educational Benefits and Cognitive Health Life Expectancies: Racial/Ethnic, Nativity, and Gender Disparities
Authors: Garcia Marc A , Downer Brian , Chiu Chi-Tsun , Saenz Joseph L , Ortiz Kasim , Wong Rebeca 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
To examine racial/ethnic, nativity, and gender differences in the benefits of educational attainment on cognitive health life expectancies among older adults in the United States.

Research Design and Methods
We used data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2014) to estimate Sullivan-based life tables of cognitively healthy, cognitively impaired/no dementia, and dementia life expectancies by gender for older White, Black, U.S.-born Hispanic, and foreign-born Hispanic adults with less than high school, high school, and some college or more.

Results
White respondents lived a greater percentage of their remaining lives cognitively healthy than their minority Black or Hispanic counterparts, regardless of level of education. Among respondents with some college or more, versus less than high school, Black and U.S.-born Hispanic women exhibited the greatest increase (both 37 percentage points higher) in the proportion of total life expectancy spent cognitively healthy; whereas White women had the smallest increase (17 percentage points higher). For men, the difference between respondents with some college or more, versus less than high school, was greatest for Black men (35 percentage points higher) and was lowest for U.S.-born Hispanic men (21 percentage points higher).

Discussion and Implications
Our results provide evidence that the benefits of education on cognitive health life expectancies are largest for Black men and women and U.S.-born Hispanic women. The combination of extended longevity and rising prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease points to the need for understanding why certain individuals spend an extended period of their lives with poor cognitive health.
Abundance and localization of human UBE3A protein isoforms
Authors: Sirois Carissa L , Bloom Judy E , Fink James J , Gorka Dea , Keller Steffen , Germain Noelle D , Levine Eric S , Chamberlain Stormy J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Loss of UBE3A expression, a gene regulated by genomic imprinting, causes Angelman syndrome (AS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder. The UBE3A gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase with three known protein isoforms in humans. Studies in mouse suggest that the human isoforms may have differences in localization and neuronal function. A recent case study reported mild AS phenotypes in individuals lacking one specific isoform. Here we have used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate isogenic human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that lack the individual protein isoforms. We demonstrate that isoform 1 accounts for the majority of UBE3A protein in hESCs and neurons. We also show that UBE3A predominantly localizes to the cytoplasm in both wild type and isoform-null cells. Finally, we show that neurons lacking isoform 1 display a less severe electrophysiological AS phenotype.
Implicit bias of encoded variables: frameworks for addressing structured bias in EHR–GWAS data
Authors: Dueñas Hillary R , Seah Carina , Johnson Jessica S , Huckins Laura M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The ‘discovery’ stage of genome-wide association studies required amassing large, homogeneous cohorts. In order to attain clinically useful insights, we must now consider the presentation of disease within our clinics and, by extension, within our medical records. Large-scale use of electronic health record (EHR) data can help to understand phenotypes in a scalable manner, incorporating lifelong and whole-phenome context.
However, extending analyses to incorporate EHR and biobank-based analyses will require careful consideration of phenotype definition. Judgements and clinical decisions that occur ‘outside’ the system inevitably contain some degree of bias and become encoded in EHR data. Any algorithmic approach to phenotypic characterization that assumes non-biased variables will generate compounded biased conclusions. Here, we discuss and illustrate potential biases inherent within EHR analyses, how these may be compounded across time and suggest frameworks for large-scale phenotypic analysis to minimize and uncover encoded bias.
Benefits to migratory fish populations of entrainment and its potential role in fisheries collapse
Authors: Chambers Mark S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
According to the entrainment hypothesis, traditional migratory routes develop in fish populations through social interactions. First-time migrants learn migratory routes by following experienced conspecifics and, by repeating the migration, contribute to guiding future cohorts along the same route. The loss of collective memory of migratory routes may be a precursor to fisheries collapse. The survival value of entrainment has not been convincingly demonstrated, and this possibly explains why there has not been greater interest in this putative migratory mechanism. I propose that the relative frequency of demonstrators of alternative contingents provides information to first-time migrants on relative survival rates. Using simulation, I show that a population in which contingent adoption is regulated by entrainment can achieve higher overall survival rates than a comparable population with fixed rates of contingent adoption in the situation where mortality rates differ among contingents. In certain cases, the advantage could be even larger in the presence of fishing mortality. I also compare the responses of the entrainment-based and fixed-rate migration populations in a scenario intended to mimic the cessation of fishing after a period of high fishing mortality, such as might occur after the collapse of a fishery.
Influence of fish backbone model geometrical features on the numerical target strength of swimbladdered fish
Authors: Pérez-Arjona I , Godinho L , Espinosa V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The method of fundamental solutions has been applied to evaluate the influence of fish models geometrical features on the target strength (TS) directivity and TS frequency response of swimbladdered fish. Simplified models were considered for two fish species: gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata, Linnaeus 1758) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Linnaeus 1758), and different geometrical details of their morphology were studied, such as backbone presence, and its curvature or the inclusion of vertebrae modulation. Swimbladder shape and tilt, together with the inclusion of backbone (and its realistic curvature) for dorsal measurements were the most important features for proper estimation of mean TS. The estimation of mean TS is considered including the effect of fish tilt, the echosounder frequency, and the fish-to-transducer distance.
Significance of prophylactic urethrectomy at the time of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: Hakozaki Kyohei , Kikuchi Eiji , Ogihara Koichiro , Shigeta Keisuke , Abe Takayuki , Miyazaki Yasumasa , Kaneko Gou , Maeda Takahiro , Yoshimine Shunsuke , Kanai Kunimitsu , Ide Hiroki , Shirotake Suguru , Oyama Masafumi , Mizuno Ryuichi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundProphylactic urethrectomy at the time of radical cystectomy is frequently recommended for patients with bladder cancer at a high risk of urethral recurrence without definitive evidence. The present study attempted to clarify the survival benefits of performing prophylactic urethrectomy.MethodsWe identified 214 male patients who were treated by radical cystectomy with an incontinent urinary diversion in our seven institutions between 2004 and 2017. We used propensity score matching and ultimately identified 114 patients, 57 of whom underwent prophylactic urethrectomy (prophylactic urethrectomy group) and 57 who did not (non-prophylactic urethrectomy group).ResultsNo significant differences were observed in the 5-year overall survival rate between the prophylactic urethrectomy and non-prophylactic urethrectomy groups in the overall. However, the local recurrence rate was significantly lower in the prophylactic urethrectomy group than in the non-prophylactic urethrectomy group (P = 0.015). In the subgroup of 58 patients with multiple tumours and/or concomitant carcinoma in situ at the time of transurethral resection of bladder tumour, the 5-year overall survival rate was significantly higher in the prophylactic urethrectomy group than in the non-prophylactic urethrectomy group (P = 0.021). A multivariate analysis revealed that performing prophylactic urethrectomy was the only independent predictor of the overall survival rate (P = 0.016). In those patients who were treated without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 38), the 5-year overall survival rate was significantly higher in the prophylactic urethrectomy group than in the non-prophylactic urethrectomy group (P = 0.007).ConclusionsProphylactic urethrectomy at the time of radical cystectomy may have a survival benefit in patients with multiple tumours and/or concomitant carcinoma in situ, particularly those who do not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
New Mosquitocide Derived From Volcanic Rock
Authors: Deguenon Jean M , Riegel Claudia , Cloherty-Duvernay Erin R , Chen Kaiying , Stewart David A , Wang Bo , Gittins David , Tihomirov Larissa , Apperson Charles S , McCord Marian G , Roe R Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Malaria, dengue, yellow fever, and the Zika and West Nile Viruses are major vector-borne diseases of humans transmitted by mosquitoes. According to the World Health Organization, over 80% of the world’s population is at risk of contacting these diseases. Insecticides are critical for mosquito control and disease prevention, and insect insecticide resistance is on the increase; new alternatives with potentially different modes of action from current chemistry are needed. During laboratory screening of industrial minerals for insecticide activity against Anopheles gambiae (Giles) (Diptera: Culicidae) we discovered a novel mechanical insecticide derived from volcanic rock (MIVR) with potential use as a residual spray. In modified WHO cone tests, the time to 50% mortality was 5 h under high-humidity conditions. MIVR treated surfaces demonstrated no mosquito repellency. In field studies where the mechanical insecticide was applied to wood using standard spray equipment and then placed under stilt homes in New Orleans, LA, the residual activity was &gt;80% after 9 wk against Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) (with similar efficacy to a positive chemical insecticide control). In scanning electron microcopy studies, the MIVR was transferred as particles mostly to the legs of the mosquito. This wettable powder made from volcanic rock is a mechanical insecticide representing a potential new mode of action different from current chemistry for mosquito control and is in commercial development under the trade name Imergard™WP as an indoor and outdoor residual spray.
Atypical Severe Shock-like Reactions in Adolescents After Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Therapy
Authors: Rathe Jennifer A , Poole Nicole , Melvin Ann 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSevere drug hypersensitivity reactions to antibiotics are rare but trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is uniquely associated with numerous and varied manifestations including a reaction resembling septic shock, first observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients. Over the past 25 years about 20 cases have been reported and an association with the virus and related immune system dysregulation was assumed. However, recent reports in adults have recognized similar shock-like reactions in non-HIV infected individuals. Here we review severe TMP-SMX hypersensitivity reactions and within the context of these known reactions, describe three non-HIV infected adolescent patients with shock-like reactions to TMP-SMX observed in one institution over 1.5 years.
Non-invasive imaging reveals convergence in root and stem vulnerability to cavitation across five tree species
Authors: Peters Jennifer M R , Gauthey Alice , Lopez Rosana , Carins-Murphy Madeline R , Brodribb Timothy J , Choat Brendan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRoot vulnerability to cavitation is challenging to measure and under-represented in current datasets. This gap limits the precision of models used to predict plant responses to drought because roots comprise the critical interface between plant and soil. In this study, we measured vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation in woody roots and stems of five tree species (Acacia aneura, Cedrus deodara, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalytus saligna, and Quercus palustris) with a wide range of xylem anatomies. X-ray microtomography was used to visualize the accumulation of xylem embolism in stems and roots of intact plants that were naturally dehydrated to varying levels of water stress. Vulnerability to cavitation, defined as the water potential causing a 50% loss of hydraulic function (P50), varied broadly among the species (–4.51 MPa to –11.93 MPa in stems and –3.13 MPa to –9.64 MPa in roots). The P50 of roots and stems was significantly related across species, with species that had more vulnerable stems also having more vulnerable roots. While there was strong convergence in root and stem vulnerability to cavitation, the P50 of roots was significantly higher than the P50 of stems in three species. However, the difference in root and stem vulnerability for these species was small; between 1% and 31% of stem P50. Thus, while some differences existed between organs, roots were not dramatically more vulnerable to embolism than stems, and the differences observed were less than those reported in previous studies. Further study is required to evaluate the vulnerability across root orders and to extend these conclusions to a greater number of species and xylem functional types.
AT 2017gbl: a dust obscured TDE candidate in a luminous infrared galaxy
Authors: Kool E C , Reynolds T M , Mattila S , Kankare E , Pérez-Torres M A , Efstathiou A , Ryder S , Romero-Cañizales C , Lu W , Heikkilä T , Anderson G E , Berton M , Bright J , Cannizzaro G , Eappachen D , Fraser M , Gromadzki M , Jonker P G , Kuncarayakti H , Lundqvist P , Maeda K , McDermid R M , Medling A M , Moran S , Reguitti A , Shahbandeh M , Tsygankov S , U V , Wevers T 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery with Keck of the extremely infrared (IR) luminous transient AT 2017gbl, coincident with the Northern nucleus of the luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) IRAS 23436+5257. Our extensive multiwavelength follow-up spans ∼900 d, including photometry and spectroscopy in the optical and IR, and (very long baseline interferometry) radio and X-ray observations. Radiative transfer modelling of the host galaxy spectral energy distribution and long-term pre-outburst variability in the mid-IR indicate the presence of a hitherto undetected dust obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN). The optical and near-IR spectra show broad ∼2000 km s−1 hydrogen, He i, and O i emission features that decrease in flux over time. Radio imaging shows a fast evolving compact source of synchrotron emission spatially coincident with AT 2017gbl. We infer a lower limit for the radiated energy of 7.3 × 1050 erg from the IR photometry. An extremely energetic supernova would satisfy this budget, but is ruled out by the radio counterpart evolution. Instead, we propose AT 2017gbl is related to an accretion event by the central supermassive black hole, where the spectral signatures originate in the AGN broad line region and the IR photometry is consistent with re-radiation by polar dust. Given the fast evolution of AT 2017gbl, we deem a tidal disruption event (TDE) of a star a more plausible scenario than a dramatic change in the AGN accretion rate. This makes AT 2017gbl the third TDE candidate to be hosted by a LIRG, in contrast to the so far considered TDE population discovered at optical wavelengths and hosted preferably by post-starburst galaxies.
No redshift evolution of non-repeating fast radio burst rates
Authors: Hashimoto Tetsuya , Goto Tomotsugu , On Alvina Y L , Lu Ting-Yi , Santos Daryl Joe D , Ho Simon C-C , Kim Seong Jin , Wang Ting-Wen , Hsiao Tiger Y-Y 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond transients of unknown origin(s) occurring at cosmological distances. Here we, for the first time, show time-integrated-luminosity functions and volumetric occurrence rates of non-repeating and repeating FRBs against redshift. The time-integrated-luminosity functions of non-repeating FRBs do not show any significant redshift evolution. The volumetric occurrence rates are almost constant during the past ∼10 Gyr. The nearly-constant rate is consistent with a flat trend of cosmic stellar-mass density traced by old stellar populations. Our findings indicate that the occurrence rate of non-repeating FRBs follows the stellar-mass evolution of long-living objects with ∼Gyr time-scales, favouring e.g. white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes, as likely progenitors of non-repeating FRBs. In contrast, the occurrence rates of repeating FRBs may increase towards higher redshifts in a similar way to the cosmic star formation rate density or black hole accretion rate density if the slope of their luminosity function does not evolve with redshift. Short-living objects with ≲Myr time-scales associated with young stellar populations (or their remnants, e.g. supernova remnants, young pulsars, and magnetars) or active galactic nuclei might be favoured as progenitor candidates of repeating FRBs.
Authentication, characterization and contamination detection of cell lines, xenografts and organoids by barcode deep NGS sequencing
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Qian Wubin , Song Zhenzhen , Li Qi-Xiang , Guo Sheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Misidentification and contamination of biobank samples (e.g. cell lines) have plagued biomedical research. Short tandem repeat (STR) and single-nucleotide polymorphism assays are widely used to authenticate biosamples and detect contamination, but with insufficient sensitivity at 5–10% and 3–5%, respectively. Here, we describe a deep NGS-based method with significantly higher sensitivity (≤1%). It can be used to authenticate human and mouse cell lines, xenografts and organoids. It can also reliably identify and quantify contamination of human cell line samples, contaminated with only small amount of other cell samples; detect and quantify species-specific components in human–mouse mixed samples (e.g. xenografts) with 0.1% sensitivity; detect mycoplasma contamination; and infer population structure and gender of human samples. By adopting DNA barcoding technology, we are able to profile 100–200 samples in a single run at per-sample cost comparable to conventional STR assays, providing a truly high-throughput and low-cost assay for building and maintaining high-quality biobanks.