bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Health Education in Pathology Residency
Authors: Volaric Ashley K , Zadeh Sara L , Dusenbery Anna C , Coppock Joseph D , Dibbern Megan E , Jenkins Taylor M , González Jessica Ohana , Rodríguez Dorian , Burt David R , Frierson Henry F , Rodas Boanerges 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Pathology and laboratory medicine (PALM) services in low- and middle-income countries are essential to combat the increasing prevalence of cancer in addition to providing documentation of cancer types and trends for future allocation of public health resources. There are many ways PALM as a whole can engage on the global health front. This study summarizes the efforts and results of a global health educational and clinical elective for pathology residents in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala.

Methods
Pathology residents led and implemented the project, working alongside an in-country pathologist and project collaborator to instill project sustainability and allow for future capacity building.

Results
An educational elective was established between the pathology departments of the University of Virginia and Hospital Regional de Occidente in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. Two residents at a time engaged in a month-long educational elective assisting and learning from the in-country pathologist in anatomic pathology clinical work.

Conclusions
The project is an example of a global health initiative centering on the enhancement of PALM services in a low-resource environment via a bidirectional, sustainable educational exchange.
idenPC-CAP: Identify protein complexes from weighted RNA-protein heterogeneous interaction networks using co-assemble partner relation
Authors: Wu Zhourun , Liao Qing , Fan Shixi , Liu Bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProtein complexes play important roles in most cellular processes. The available genome-wide protein–protein interaction (PPI) data make it possible for computational methods identifying protein complexes from PPI networks. However, PPI datasets usually contain a large ratio of false positive noise. Moreover, different types of biomolecules in a living cell cooperate to form a union interaction network. Because previous computational methods focus only on PPIs ignoring other types of biomolecule interactions, their predicted protein complexes often contain many false positive proteins. In this study, we develop a novel computational method idenPC-CAP to identify protein complexes from the RNA-protein heterogeneous interaction network consisting of RNA–RNA interactions, RNA-protein interactions and PPIs. By considering interactions among proteins and RNAs, the new method reduces the ratio of false positive proteins in predicted protein complexes. The experimental results demonstrate that idenPC-CAP outperforms the other state-of-the-art methods in this field.
Proposal for a more practical classification of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Oliva-Damaso Nestor , Bomback Andrew S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The nomenclature for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated kidney disease has evolved from honorific eponyms to a descriptive-based classification scheme (Chapel Hill Consensus Conference 2012). Microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis do not correlate with presentation, response rates and relapse rates as when comparing myeloperoxidase versus leukocyte proteinase 3. Here we discuss the limitations of the currently used classification and propose an alternative, simple classification according to (i) ANCA type and (ii) organ involvement, which provides important clinical information of prognosis and outcomes.
Durable ventricular assist device implantation for systemic right ventricle: a case series
Authors: Tadokoro Naoki , Fukushima Satsuki , Hoashi Takaya , Yajima Shin , Taguchi Takura , Shimizu Hideyuki , Fujita Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
A systemic right ventricle (RV) after atrial switch in transposition of the great arteries (TGA) or congenitally corrected TGA (ccTGA) often results in advanced heart failure in adulthood.

Case summary
Four patients with INTERMACS Class III underwent durable ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation for a systemic RV. Two patients were diagnosed with ccTGA and underwent tricuspid valve replacement, and two were diagnosed with TGA in childhood and underwent Mustard repair. The two patients with ccTGA received an EVAHEART (Sun Medical, Nagano, Japan) and HeartMate 3 (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA) at the age of 56 years and 34 years, respectively. Of the patients with TGA, one received a Heartmate II at age 40 years, and one received a HeartMate 3 at age 40 years. All patients were weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass without subpulmonic VAD support and transferred to the intensive care unit with optimum VAD support. No in-hospital deaths, cerebrovascular accidents, or other major complications occurred. The post-VAD right heart catheter study showed a remarkable reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in all patients.

Discussion
The indications for and surgical technique of durable VAD implantation for a systemic RV after atrial switch of TGA or ccTGA have not been fully established. A durable VAD, including the HeartMate 3, was successfully implanted in four such patients in this study. Pre-operative three-dimensional computed tomography images and intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography guidance helped to determine the positions of the inflow and pump.
Appropriate Level of Protection: The Most Misconceived Notion of WTO Law
Authors: Rovnov Yury 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Simple and elegant as a theoretical concept, an appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection (ALOP) has proven complicated to implement in World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement. While the Appellate Body has insisted that ALOP must be defined with sufficient precision to apply the relevant provisions of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement), ‘high or conservative’ remains as precise a formulation of ALOP as one can get. Despite the Appellate Body’s clear guidance that SPS measures are not to be confused with ALOP, panels – including the Appellate Body – have routinely mistaken one for the other. The most to suffer has been Article 5.5 of the SPS Agreement, which prohibits ‘arbitrary distinctions’ in ALOPs applied ‘in different situations’. By substituting differences in SPS measures for differences in ALOPs and finding two different situations, i.e. two ALOPs, where there is only one, the jurisprudence has eviscerated this provision of its meaning and converted it into a peculiar version of the least-trade-restrictive-measure requirement. This article takes stock of the panel and Appellate Body jurisprudence on ALOP and offers some thoughts, de interpretatione ferenda, on the direction that future jurisprudence should take.
Enhancing the precision of broad-scale forestland removals estimates with small area estimation techniques
Authors: Coulston John W , Green P Corey , Radtke Philip J , Prisley Stephen P , Brooks Evan B , Thomas Valerie A , Wynne Randolph H , Burkhart Harold E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
National Forest Inventories (NFI) are designed to produce unbiased estimates of forest parameters at a variety of scales. These parameters include means and totals of current forest area and volume, as well as components of change such as means and totals of growth and harvest removals. Over the last several decades, there has been a steadily increasing demand for estimates for smaller geographic areas and/or for finer temporal resolutions. However, the current sampling intensities of many NFI and the reliance on design-based estimators often leads to inadequate precision of estimates at these scales. This research focuses on improving the precision of forest removal estimates both in terms of spatial and temporal resolution through the use of small area estimation techniques (SAE). In this application, a Landsat-derived tree cover loss product and the information from mill surveys were used as auxiliary data for area-level SAE. Results from the southeastern US suggest improvements in precision can be realized when using NFI data to make estimates at relatively fine spatial and temporal scales. Specifically, the estimated precision of removal volume estimates by species group and size class was improved when SAE methods were employed over post-stratified, design-based estimates alone. The findings of this research have broad implications for NFI analysts or users interested in providing estimates with increased precision at finer scales than those generally supported by post-stratified estimators.
The legacy of Johan Hjort: challenges and critical periods—past, present, and future
Authors: Kjesbu Olav Sigurd , Hubbard Jennifer , Suthers Iain , Schwach Vera 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The 150th anniversary of Johan Hjort’s birth was celebrated by a symposium held in Bergen on 12–14 June 2019 to take a broad perspective on the origins of, and developments in, fisheries science and thereby examine current issues in fisheries science from different perspectives. To establish this type of non-traditional forum, historians of marine science and marine researchers from around the world met to explore potential new directions. The many transdisciplinary panel discussions, especially on subjects such as “the making of fisheries scientists”, revealed the pervading influence of family, educators, role models, and social circumstances. The 11 articles included in this symposium issue present a series of advancements in modern fisheries science, highlighting the contributions of Hjort and his contemporaries, Fyodor Baranov and Harald Dannevig. As expected, the effects of changing ocean climate were a dominant theme, which connected this symposium, and complemented, the 2014 symposium in honour of Johan Hjort's influential treatise released in 1914. Although no ground-breaking paradigms were presented, several new research directions were proposed in a creative atmosphere generated by participants. The social context of science had a key influence in Hjort’s day and continues to do so today and into the future.
Class D β-lactamases
Authors: Yoon Eun-Jeong , Jeong Seok Hoon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClass D β-lactamases are composed of 14 families and the majority of the member enzymes are included in the OXA family. The genes for class D β-lactamases are frequently identified in the chromosome as an intrinsic resistance determinant in environmental bacteria and a few of these are found in mobile genetic elements carried by clinically significant pathogens. The most dominant OXA family among class D β-lactamases is superheterogeneous and the family needs to have an updated scheme for grouping OXA subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. The OXA enzymes, even the members within a subfamily, have a diverse spectrum of resistance. Such varied activity could be derived from their active sites, which are distinct from those of the other serine β-lactamases. Their substrate profile is determined according to the size and position of the P-, Ω- and β5–β6 loops, assembling the active-site channel, which is very hydrophobic. Also, amino acid substitutions occurring in critical structures may alter the range of hydrolysed substrates and one subfamily could include members belonging to several functional groups. This review aims to describe the current class D β-lactamases including the functional groups, occurrence types (intrinsic or acquired) and substrate spectra and, focusing on the major OXA family, a new model for subfamily grouping will be presented.
Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of a nurse-led outpatient virtual IV vancomycin monitoring clinic: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Grattan Kate S , Mohamed Ali Mohamed , Hosseini-Moghaddam Seyed M , Gilmour Hayley J I , Crunican Gregory P , Hua Erica , Muhsin Kelly A , Johnstone Rochelle , Bondy Lise C , Devlin Megan K , Shalhoub Sarah , Elsayed Sameer , Silverman Michael S 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOutpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) with vancomycin is a common treatment modality for certain Gram-positive infections. Data regarding the safety of various models of delivery are limited.ObjectivesTo review outcomes of a nurse-led OPAT vancomycin monitoring service.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients referred to a nurse-led OPAT vancomycin clinic from December 2015 to March 2018. Patients were administered IV vancomycin in the home with active laboratory monitoring of vancomycin trough levels, renal function and complete blood count using an integrated electronic database linked with community laboratories (virtual vancomycin clinic, VVC). Monitoring was coordinated by nurses with physician approval of recommended dosing changes. Data were extracted from the electronic medical record. Demographics; clinical indication; microbial aetiology; culture source; antimicrobial regimen(s); serum creatinine and vancomycin trough values; initiation, discharge and completion dates; hospitalizations; adverse events; and outcomes were all evaluated.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy-five patients underwent a total of 301 courses of OPAT with vancomycin; 285 courses were completed. The rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects was 33/301 (11.0%), with 15/33 (45.5%) being due to renal adverse effects (15/301 [5.0%] of episodes). Two of 15 (18.2%) patients developed stage 2 acute kidney injury (AKI), and no patients had stage 3 AKI or required haemodialysis. Nine of 301 (3.0%) required readmission for treatment failure. Nursing costs associated with monitoring were $63.93 CAD/patient ($48.43 USD).ConclusionsA nurse-led VVC was a safe, effective and inexpensive modality for administering outpatient vancomycin.
Clinical informatics during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned and implications for emergency department and inpatient operations
Authors: Hsu Hanson , Greenwald Peter W , Laghezza Matthew R , Steel Peter , Trepp Richard , Sharma Rahul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn response to a pandemic, hospital leaders can use clinical informatics to aid clinical decision making, virtualizing medical care, coordinating communication, and defining workflow and compliance. Clinical informatics procedures need to be implemented nimbly, with governance measures in place to properly oversee and guide novel patient care pathways, diagnostic and treatment workflows, and provider education and communication. The authors’ experience recommends (1) creating flexible order sets that adapt to evolving guidelines that meet needs across specialties, (2) enhancing and supporting inherent telemedicine capability, (3) electronically enabling novel workflows quickly and suspending noncritical administrative or billing functions in the electronic health record, and (4) using communication platforms based on tiered urgency that do not compromise security and privacy.
Physical Distancing Behavior: The Role of Emotions, Personality, Motivations, and Moral Decision-Making
Authors: Alivernini Fabio , Manganelli Sara , Girelli Laura , Cozzolino Mauro , Lucidi Fabio , Cavicchiolo Elisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Physical distancing behavior (PDB) is a key disease prevention strategy for limiting the spread of COVID-19. In order to effectively encourage it among adolescents, it is necessary to understand the associated mental mechanisms. Health behavior theories suggest that emotions, personality, motivation, and moral disengagement could all play a role. On the basis of a longitudinal study, we investigated the importance of these factors in predicting PDB.

Methods
The participants were 347 adolescents residing in Italy. Data were collected in four waves starting from 1 year before the pandemic. A structural equation model based on health behavior theory was tested.

Results
After the COVID-19 national lockdown, adolescents experienced fewer positive emotions and more negative emotions compared with 1 year earlier. Nevertheless, these emotional changes, and adolescents’ personality (except for openness to experiences), were not related to the adoption of PDB. Instead, the autonomous motivation of adolescents significantly predicted a higher likelihood to adopt PDB by increasing the intention to engage in this behavior and, more indirectly, by substantially decreasing moral disengagement, which was negatively related to PDB. In contrast, controlled motivation corresponded to significantly higher levels of moral disengagement and predicted less likelihood of adopting PDB.

Conclusions
Messages and interventions targeted at adolescents should be oriented towards supporting autonomy, emphasizing the personal and social value of PDB. Communications should avoid the use of coercive strategies based on eliciting emotions such as shame and guilt in adolescents who do not adopt PDB, which appear to trigger off mechanisms of moral disengagement.
Rectal prolapse following short-course radiotherapy for rectal cancer: report of a case
Authors: Nocera Fabio , von Flüe Markus , Steinemann Daniel C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Palliative short-course radiotherapy may be considered as an alternative to abdominoperineal resection in elderly patients with advanced rectal cancer.
A 92-year-old woman was diagnosed with a rectal prolapse after short-course radiotherapy; 2 months before she was diagnosed with advanced lower rectal cancer. A curative approach was declined. Therefore, a palliative short-course radiotherapy followed. Two weeks after termination of radiotherapy, a symptomatic rectal prolapse has been observed. Endoscopy confirmed a tumor completely included in the prolapsing rectum. A rectal prolapse resection by Altemeier’s technique was performed. Histological examination downgraded the tumor staging to ypT1 M0.
This case discusses whether the prolapse was preexisting and led to overstaging the tumor or whether the prolapse is a new-onset complication of the radiotherapy.
It seems of paramount importance to detect preexisting rectal prolapse to avoid overstaging. If presumed rectal prolapse was not present before therapy, rectal prolapse may represent a new-onset adverse event of short-course radiotherapy.
Modelling the spatial crosstalk between two biochemical signals explains wood formation dynamics and tree-ring structure
Authors: Hartmann Félix P , Rathgeber Cyrille B K , Badel Éric , Fournier Meriem , Moulia Bruno 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In conifers, xylogenesis during a growing season produces a very characteristic tree-ring structure: large, thin-walled earlywood cells followed by narrow, thick-walled latewood cells. Although many factors influence the dynamics of differentiation and the final dimensions of xylem cells, the associated patterns of variation remain very stable from one year to the next. While radial growth is characterized by an S-shaped curve, the widths of xylem differentiation zones exhibit characteristic skewed bell-shaped curves. These elements suggest a strong internal control of xylogenesis. It has long been hypothesized that much of this regulation relies on a morphogenetic gradient of auxin. However, recent modelling studies have shown that while this hypothesis could account for the dynamics of stem radial growth and the zonation of the developing xylem, it failed to reproduce the characteristic tree-ring structure. Here, we investigated the hypothesis of regulation by a crosstalk between auxin and a second biochemical signal, by using computational morphodynamics. We found that, in conifers, such a crosstalk is sufficient to simulate the characteristic features of wood formation dynamics, as well as the resulting tree-ring structure. In this model, auxin controls cell enlargement rates while another signal (e.g. cytokinin, tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor) drives cell division and auxin polar transport.
Gradients of cell wall nano-mechanical properties along and across elongating primary roots of maize
Authors: Petrova Anna , Gorshkova Tatyana , Kozlova Liudmila 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To test the hypothesis that particular tissues can control root growth, we analysed the mechanical properties of cell walls belonging to different tissues of the apical part of the maize root using atomic force microscopy. The dynamics of properties during elongation growth were characterized in four consecutive zones of the root. Extensive immunochemical characterization and quantification were used to establish the polysaccharide motif(s) related to changes in cell wall mechanics. Cell transition from division to elongation was coupled to the decrease in the elastic modulus in all root tissues. Low values of moduli were retained in the elongation zone and increased in the late elongation zone. No relationship between the immunolabelling pattern and mechanical properties of the cell walls was revealed. When measured values of elastic moduli and turgor pressure were used in the computational simulation, this resulted in an elastic response of the modelled root and the distribution of stress and strain similar to those observed in vivo. In all analysed root zones, cell walls of the inner cortex displayed moduli of elasticity that were maximal or comparable with the maximal values among all tissues. Thus, we propose that the inner cortex serves as a growth-limiting tissue in maize roots.
Observing correlations between dark matter accretion and galaxy growth – I. Recent star formation activity in isolated Milky Way-mass galaxies
Authors: O’Donnell Christine , Behroozi Peter , More Surhud 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The correlation between fresh gas accretion on to haloes and galaxy star formation is critical to understanding galaxy formation. Different theoretical models have predicted different correlation strengths between halo accretion rates and galaxy star formation rates, ranging from strong positive correlations to little or no correlation. Here, we present a technique to observationally measure this correlation strength for isolated Milky Way-mass galaxies with z &lt; 0.123. This technique is based on correlations between dark matter accretion rates and the projected density profile of neighbouring galaxies; these correlations also underlie past work with splashback radii. We apply our technique to both observed galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey as well as simulated galaxies in the UniverseMachine where we can test any desired correlation strength. We find that positive correlations between dark matter accretion and recent star formation activity are ruled out with $\gtrsim 85{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ confidence. Our results suggest that star formation activity may not be correlated with fresh accretion for isolated Milky Way-mass galaxies at z = 0 and that other processes, such as gas recycling, dominate further galaxy growth.