bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the individual human mobility spatio-temporally shapes the disease transmission dynamics
Authors: Changruenngam Suttikiat , Bicout Dominique J. , Modchang Charin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman mobility plays a crucial role in the temporal and spatial spreading of infectious diseases. During the past few decades, researchers have been extensively investigating how human mobility affects the propagation of diseases. However, the mechanism of human mobility shaping the spread of epidemics is still elusive. Here we examined the impact of human mobility on the infectious disease spread by developing the individual-based SEIR model that incorporates a model of human mobility. We considered the spread of human influenza in two contrasting countries, namely, Belgium and Martinique, as case studies, to assess the specific roles of human mobility on infection propagation. We found that our model can provide a geo-temporal spreading pattern of the epidemics that cannot be captured by a traditional homogenous epidemic model. The disease has a tendency to jump to high populated urban areas before spreading to more rural areas and then subsequently spread to all neighboring locations. This heterogeneous spread of the infection can be captured by the time of the first arrival of the infection $$(T_{fi} )$$(Tfi), which relates to the landscape of the human mobility characterized by the relative attractiveness. These findings can provide insights to better understand and forecast the disease spreading.
Comparison of allelopathic effects of two typical invasive plants: Mikania micrantha and Ipomoea cairica in Hainan island
Authors: Ma Huiyan , Chen Yu , Chen Jinhui , Zhang Yunqiu , Zhang Tian , He He 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMikania micrantha and Ipomoea cairica are two invasive plants widely distribute and seriously damage in Hainan island. In this study, the leaves extracts of two weeds were collected and determined for their allelopathic potentials on Chrysanthemum coronarium. The phytotoxicity bioassay showed that when the extract concentration was 50 and 100 mg/ml, the inhibited effects of M. micrantha on growth of C. coronarium were greater than by I. cairica. However, when the extract concertation at 400 mg/ml, the opposite inhibited effects were observed. We speculated this phenomenon was caused by different allelopathic compounds. Therefore, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 19 and 23 compounds were identified respectively, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid were the main components in the two leaves extracts, which were selected to carry out the further bioassays. Subsequent bioassay results showed the effects of two allelochemicals on morphological index and chlorophyll content and POD activity were all negative to C. coronarium, whereas the content of MDA and activity of SOD, CAT represented adverse changes. Moreover, the inhibitions by cinnamic acid were generally greater than those by benzoic acid. Thus, the phenolic acids played the most crucial roles in the allelopathic effccts of M. micrantha and I. cairica leaves extracts.
Compact and efficient O-band bismuth-doped phosphosilicate fiber amplifier for fiber-optic communications
Authors: Firstov Sergei V. , Khegai Aleksandr M. , Kharakhordin Alexander V. , Alyshev Sergey V. , Firstova Elena G. , Ososkov Yan J. , Melkumov Mikhail A. , Iskhakova Lyudmila D. , Evlampieva Elena B. , Lobanov Alexey S. , Yashkov Mikhail V. , Guryanov Alexey N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring last decades there has been considerable interest in developing a fiber amplifier for the 1.3-$$\upmu $$μm spectral region that is comparable in performance to the Er-doped fiber amplifier operating near 1.55 $$\upmu $$μm. It is due to the fact that most of the existing fiber-optic communication systems that dominate terrestrial networks could be used for the data transmission in O-band (1260–1360 nm), where dispersion compensation is not required, providing a low-cost increase of the capacity. In this regard, significant efforts of the research laboratories were initially directed towards the study of the praseodymium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier having high gain and output powers at the desired wavelengths. However, despite the fact that this type of amplifiers had rapidly appeared as a commercial amplifier prototype it did not receive widespread demand in the telecom industry because of its low efficiency. It stimulated the search of novel optical materials for this purpose. About 10 years ago, a new type of bismuth-doped active fibers was developed, which turned out to be a promising medium for amplification at 1.3 $$\upmu $$μm. Here, we report on the development of a compact and efficient 20-dB (achieved for signal powers between $$-40$$-40 and $$-10$$-10 dBm) bismuth-doped fiber amplifier for a wavelength region of 1300–1350 nm in the forward, backward and bi-directional configurations, which can be pumped by a commercially available laser diode at 1230 nm with an output power of 250 mW. The compactness of the tested amplifier was provided by using a depressed cladding active fiber with low bending loss, which was coiled on a reel with a radius of 1.5 cm. We studied the gain and noise figure characteristics at different pump and signal powers. A record gain coefficient of 0.18 dB/mW (at the pump-to-signal power conversion efficiency of above 27$$\%$$%) has been achieved.
Comparison of the incidence of slow flow after rotational atherectomy with IVUS-crossable versus IVUS-uncrossable calcified lesions
Authors: Sakakura Kenichi , Taniguchi Yousuke , Yamamoto Kei , Tsukui Takunori , Seguchi Masaru , Wada Hiroshi , Momomura Shin-ichi , Fujita Hideo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough the usefulness of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in rotational atherectomy (RA) has been widely recognized, an IVUS catheter may not cross the target lesion because of severe calcification. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of slow flow following RA between IVUS-crossable versus IVUS-uncrossable calcified lesions. We included 284 RA lesions, and divided into an IVUS-crossable group (n = 150) and an IVUS-uncrossable group (n = 134). The primary endpoint was slow flow just after RA. The incidence of slow flow (TIMI flow grade ≤ 2) was significantly greater in the IVUS-uncrossable group than in the IVUS-crossable group (26.1% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.001). The incidence of severe slow flow (TIMI grade ≤ 1) was also greater in the IVUS-uncrossable group than in the IVUS-crossable group (9.7% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.022). The multivariate logistic regression model showed a significant association between slow flow and pre-IVUS uncrossed lesions (vs. crossed lesions: odds ratio 2.103, 95% confidence interval 1.047–4.225, p = 0.037). In conclusion, the incidence of slow flow/severe slow flow just after RA was significantly greater in the IVUS-uncrossable lesions than in the IVUS-crossable lesions. Our study suggests the possibility that the IVUS-crossability can be used as a risk stratification of severe calcified lesions.
Thermal display glove for interacting with virtual reality
Authors: Kim Seung-Won , Kim Sung Hee , Kim Choong Sun , Yi Kyoungsoo , Kim Jun-Sik , Cho Byung Jin , Cha Youngsu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThermal perception is essential for the survival and daily activities of people. Thus, it is desirable to realize thermal feedback stimulation for improving the sense of realism in virtual reality (VR) for users. For thermal stimulus, conventional systems utilize liquid circulation with bulky external sources or thermoelectric devices (TEDs) on rigid structures. However, these systems are difficult to apply to compact wearable gear used for complex hand motions to interact with VR. Furthermore, generating a rapid temperature difference, especially cooling, in response to a thermal stimulus in real-time is challenging for the conventional systems. To overcome this challenge and enhance wearability, we developed an untethered real-time thermal display glove. This glove comprised piezoelectric sensors enabling hand motion sensing and flexible TEDs for bidirectional thermal stimulus on skin. The customized flexible TEDs can decrease the temperature by 10 °C at room temperature in less than 0.5 s. Moreover, they have sufficiently high durability to withstand over 5,000 bends and high flexibility under a bending radius of 20 mm. In a user test with 20 subjects, the correlation between thermal perception and the displayed object’s color was verified, and a survey result showed that the thermal display glove provided realistic and immersive experiences to users when interacting with VR.
Sex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus
Authors: Brandt Nicola , Löffler Tobias , Fester Lars , Rune Gabriele M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPreviously, we found that in dissociated hippocampal cultures the proportion of large spines (head diameter ≥ 0.6 μm) was larger in cultures from female than from male animals. In order to rule out that this result is an in vitro phenomenon, we analyzed the density of large spines in fixed hippocampal vibratome sections of Thy1-GFP mice, in which GFP is expressed only in subpopulations of neurons. We compared spine numbers of the four estrus cycle stages in females with those of male mice. Remarkably, total spine numbers did not vary during the estrus cycle, while estrus cyclicity was evident regarding the number of large spines and was highest during diestrus, when estradiol levels start to rise. The average total spine number in females was identical with the spine number in male animals. The density of large spines, however, was significantly lower in male than in female animals in each stage of the estrus cycle. Interestingly, the number of spine apparatuses, a typical feature of large spines, did not differ between the sexes. Accordingly, NMDA-R1 and NMDA-R2A/B expression were lower in the hippocampus and in postsynaptic density fractions of adult male animals than in those of female animals. This difference could already be observed at birth for NMDA-R1, but not for NMDA-R2A/B expression. In dissociated embryonic hippocampal cultures, no difference was seen after 21 days in culture, while the difference was evident in postnatal cultures. Our data indicate that hippocampal neurons are differentiated in a sex-dependent manner, this differentiation being likely to develop during the perinatal period.
In vivo characterization of target cells for acute elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infection in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Guntawang Thunyamas , Sittisak Tidaratt , Srivorakul Saralee , Kochagul Varankpicha , Photichai Kornravee , Thitaram Chatchote , Sthitmatee Nattawooti , Hsu Wei-Li , Pringproa Kidsadagon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) is a dangerous viral infectious disease in young Asian elephants. Despite hypotheses underlying pathogenesis of the disease, it is unclear which cell types the virus targets during acute or persistent infections. This study investigated the tissues and target cells permissive for EEHV infection and replication in vivo. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the non-structural proteins of EEHV, DNA polymerase (EEHV DNAPol), were generated and validated. These were used to examine EEHV infection and replication in various tissues of acute EEHV-HD cases and compared to an EEHV-negative control. The results indicated that viral antigens were distributed throughout the epithelia of the alimentary tract and salivary glands, endothelia and smooth muscle cells, and monocytic lineage cells of the EEHV-infected elephants. Moreover, EEHV DNAPol proteins were also found in the bone marrow cells of the EEHV1A-HD and EEHV1A/4-HD cases. This study demonstrated for the first time the target cells that favor in vivo EEHV replication during acute infection, providing a promising foundation for investigating EEHV propagation in vitro.
Hyperspectral imaging for dynamic thin film interferometry
Authors: Chandran Suja V. , Sentmanat J. , Hofmann G. , Scales C. , Fuller G. G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDynamic thin film interferometry is a technique used to non-invasively characterize the thickness of thin liquid films that are evolving in both space and time. Recovering the underlying thickness from the captured interferograms, unconditionally and automatically is still an open problem. Here we report a compact setup employing a snapshot hyperspectral camera and the related algorithms for the automated determination of thickness profiles of dynamic thin liquid films. The proposed technique is shown to recover film thickness profiles to within 100 nm of accuracy as compared to those profiles reconstructed through the manual color matching process. Subsequently, we discuss the characteristics and advantages of hyperspectral interferometry including the increased robustness against imaging noise as well as the ability to perform thickness reconstruction without considering the absolute light intensity information.
A Systematic Approach to Orbital CT Scans: Integrating the BALPINE Method into Ophthalmology Curriculum
Authors: Nelson Frederick D. , Reed Donovan S. , Justin Grant A. , Hindi Hakeem F. , Blegen IV Halward M. J. , Zanganeh Tatiana S. , Betts Aaron M. , Davies Brett W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective While multiple approaches to the evaluation of orbital computed tomography (CT) imaging have been proposed in both ophthalmology and radiology literature, there remains a paucity of standardized approaches to orbital CT interpretation education for the ophthalmologist in training. To address this, the bones, anterior chamber, lens, posterior globe, intraconal orbit, neurovascular structures, and extraocular muscles (BALPINE) method was selected and its utilization tested as an education tool to improve resident competency in the proper assessment of orbital CT imaging.
Methods The BALPINE method is an established systematic approach to reading orbital CT scans. This approach was selected as a standardized education tool after a systematic review of orbital CT evaluation methods in the ophthalmology and radiology literature. A 15-item test, comprised of frequently diagnosed orbital pathologies developed in conjunction with a radiologist, was designed to test a group of ophthalmologists in training across multiple residency programs. The in-training ophthalmologists were first given this test prior to being taught the BALPINE standardized method to assess orbital CT imaging. The study participants were then administered a lecture describing the BALPINE method approach to orbital CT imaging. The same study participants were then administered the same test to assess improvement. The lecture was developed and administered by a board-certified Oculoplastic surgeon. The lecturer was blinded to the images included in the examination during lecture development. The radiologist was blinded to the lecture and the BALPINE method; thus, the images selected were not specific to the method being taught.
Results Overall, 27 residents, interns, and medical students completed the prelecture test, BALPINE method curriculum lecture, and postlecture test. There was an average of a 2.3-point (15%) significant improvement per test score (p < 0.0001). Each level of training demonstrated improvement pre- and posttest and overall scores improved with each additional year of training, indicating the test was an appropriate measurement of ability and understanding.
Conclusion Teaching a systematic approach to the evaluation of orbital CT scans improves an ophthalmologist in training's ability to diagnose orbital pathology efficiently and effectively. Widespread residency curriculum adoption of the BALPINE method would enhance the training ophthalmologist's diagnostic capability.
The copular subschema[become/devenir+ past participle]in English and French
Authors: Van Wettere Niek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article presents a contrastive analysis of the English copular subschema [become+ past participle] and the equivalent copular subschema [devenir+ past participle] in French, based on web data. It is shown that both patterns are almost equally productive at the subject complement level. Furthermore, a more in-depth analysis demonstrates that, in the segment of participles with a high adjectival potential,deveniraccumulates more participle tokens thanbecome. Conversely, the reverse holds true for participles with a high verbal potential, in which casebecomeis characterized by more participle tokens thandevenir. This high amount of combinations betweenbecomeand eventive participles also suggests a higher degree of passivity forbecome. However, in the segment of participles with an intermediate verbal potential,deveniris slightly more type frequent thanbecome, which hints at an emerging productivity in this area fordeveniras well.
Flowering sex ratios and costs of reproduction in gynodioeciousOcotea oblonga(Lauraceae)
Authors: Penagos Zuluaga Juan C , Queenborough Simon A , Comita Liza S 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn gynodioecious plant species, both female and hermaphrodite individuals produce fruit, but only hermaphrodites produce pollen. Such sex-specific differences in reproductive investment may contribute to dimorphism, but the magnitude and ecological effects are still unclear, especially for gynodioecious tropical trees where collecting flowers and determining the sex is complex. We documented flowering and fruiting over three years in a natural population of Ocotea oblonga (Lauraceae) trees in a tropical moist forest, Panama. We determined sex from freshly collected flowers, counted and measured fruit, and used long-term growth data for each individual. We confirmed that O. oblonga is gynodioecious. No tree switched sex or had flowers of both sexes. The population was hermaphrodite-biased. We found no ecological differences in reproductive investment (seed, fruit, or tree size, or growth rate) between the sexes, indicating that the sex differential in the cost of reproduction is much smaller in woody gynodioecious taxa than in dioecious taxa. Females produced more fruit than hermaphrodites, which may contribute to their persistence in the population. Accordingly, and contrary to most studies of temperate gynodioecious populations, our study of a tropical tree shows no differential cost of reproduction in a hermaphrodite-biased population. Consequently, other factors such as seed fertility or herbivory could drive the biased sex ratio in this population.
Heterogeneous individual risk modelling of recurrent events
Authors: Ma Huijuan , Peng Limin , Huang Chiung-Yu , Fu Haoda 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Progression of chronic disease is often manifested by repeated occurrences of disease-related events over time. Delineating the heterogeneity in the risk of such recurrent events can provide valuable scientific insight for guiding customized disease management. We propose a new sensible measure of individual risk of recurrent events and present a dynamic modelling framework thereof, which accounts for both observed covariates and unobservable frailty. The proposed modelling requires no distributional specification of the unobservable frailty, while permitting exploration of the dynamic effects of the observed covariates. We develop estimation and inference procedures for the proposed model through a novel adaptation of the principle of conditional score. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator, including the uniform consistency and weak convergence, are established. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate satisfactory finite-sample performance of the proposed method. We illustrate the practical utility of the new method via an application to a diabetes clinical trial that explores the risk patterns of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients.
Acute kidney injury and kidney replacement therapy in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Edouard L , Janse Roemer J , de Jong Ype , van der Endt Vera H W , Milders Jet , van der Willik Esmee M , de Rooij Esther N M , Dekkers Olaf M , Rotmans Joris I , van Diepen Merel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) can affect hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with estimates ranging between 0.5% and 40%. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting incidence, mortality and risk factors for AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe systematically searched 11 electronic databases until 29 May 2020 for studies in English reporting original data on AKI and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Incidences of AKI and KRT and risk ratios for mortality associated with AKI were pooled using generalized linear mixed and random-effects models. Potential risk factors for AKI were assessed using meta-regression. Incidences were stratified by geographic location and disease severity.ResultsA total of 3042 articles were identified, of which 142 studies were included, with 49 048 hospitalized COVID-19 patients including 5152 AKI events. The risk of bias of included studies was generally low. The pooled incidence of AKI was 28.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.8–39.5] among hospitalized COVID-19 patients from the USA and Europe (20 studies) and 5.5% (95% CI 4.1–7.4) among patients from China (62 studies), whereas the pooled incidence of KRT was 7.7% (95% CI 5.1–11.4; 18 studies) and 2.2% (95% CI 1.5–3.3; 52 studies), respectively. Among patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the incidence of KRT was 20.6% (95% CI 15.7–26.7; 38 studies). Meta-regression analyses showed that age, male sex, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic kidney disease were associated with the occurrence of AKI; in itself, AKI was associated with an increased risk of mortality, with a pooled risk ratio of 4.6 (95% CI 3.3–6.5).ConclusionsAKI and KRT are common events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with estimates varying across geographic locations. Additional studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment of AKI in these patients.
Nicotine Use among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Matthews Alicia K. , Duangchan Cherdsak , Li Chien-Ching 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of tobacco use disorders among sexual and gender minorities remains consistently high despite the overall reduction of tobacco use in the United States and other parts of the world. This chapter begins by describing the criteria for tobacco use disorders in the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The authors discuss rates of tobacco use based on sexual orientation and gender identity and summarize the literature describing risk and protective factors for tobacco use among sexual and gender minorities. Strategies are highlighted for reducing the overall public health threat of tobacco use in sexual and gender minority populations.
Promoting Mexico’s International Image: Universal Exhibitions and World’s Fairs
Authors: Esposito Matthew D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mexico participated in universal exhibitions during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. President Porfirio Díaz and officials in the Ministry of Development used international exhibitions to correct the views of foreign observers who only knew Mexico as politically unstable and unsafe for financial investment. Their commissions deployed the “teaching state” to educate Europeans and Americans about Mexico’s assets in minerals, agricultural products, and labor. The government’s “labors of propaganda” also aimed to increase trade in manufactured goods, acquire foreign technology, and encourage European immigration. Mexico’s arsenal of visual symbols and mnemonic devices to bolster its image is best understood within the context of an ongoing series of international fairs held during global recessions. Mexico’s star attractions at exhibitions were Mining Pavilions to signify the foundation of the national economy.