bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
edge: dark matter core creation depends on the timing of star formation
Authors: Muni Claudia , Pontzen Andrew , Read Justin I , Agertz Oscar , Rey Martin P , Taylor Ethan , Kim Stacy Y , Gray Emily I 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We study feedback-driven cold dark matter core creation in the edge suite of radiation-hydrodynamical dwarf galaxy simulations. Understanding this process is crucial when using observed dwarf galaxies to constrain the particle nature of dark matter. While previous studies have shown that the stellar mass to halo mass ratio $(M_{\star } / M_\mathrm{200})$ determines the extent of core creation, we find that in low-mass dwarfs there is a crucial additional effect, namely the timing of star formation relative to reionization. Sustained post-reionization star formation decreases central dark matter density through potential fluctuations; conversely, pre-reionization star formation is too short-lived to have such an effect. In fact, large stellar masses accrued prior to reionization are a strong indicator of early collapse, and therefore indicative of an increased central dark matter density. We parametrize this differentiated effect by considering $M_{\star ,\mathrm{post}}/M_{\star ,\mathrm{pre}}$, where the numerator and denominator represent the stellar mass formed after and before $z\sim 6.5$, respectively. Our study covers the halo mass range $10^9 \ \mathrm{M}_\odot &lt; M_{200} &lt; 10^{10} \ \mathrm{M}_\odot$ (stellar masses in the range $10^4 \ \mathrm{M}_\odot &lt; M_{\star } &lt; 10^8 \ \mathrm{M}_\odot$), spanning both ultra-faint and classical dwarfs. In this regime, $M_{\star ,\mathrm{post}}/M_{\star ,\mathrm{pre}}$ correlates almost perfectly with the central dark matter density at $z=0$, even when including simulations with a substantially different variant of feedback and cooling. We provide fitting formulae to describe the new-found dependence.
Understanding the Acid-Base Response to Respiratory Derangements: Finding, and Clinically Applying, the In Vivo Base Excess
Authors: Heldeweg Micah L. A. , Berend Kenrick , Schober Patrick , Duška František 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the base excess response during acute in vivo carbon dioxide changes.

DESIGN:
Secondary analysis of individual participant data from experimental studies.

SETTING:
Three experimental studies investigating the effect of acute in vivo respiratory derangements on acid-base variables.

SUBJECTS:
Eighty-nine (canine and human) carbon dioxide exposures.

INTERVENTIONS:
Arterial carbon dioxide titration through environmental chambers or mechanical ventilation.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
For each subject, base excess was calculated using bicarbonate and pH using a fixed buffer power of 16.2. Analyses were performed using linear regression with arterial dioxide (predictor), base excess (outcome), and studies (interaction term). All studies show different baselines and slopes for base excess across carbon dioxide titrations methods. Individual subjects show substantial, and potentially clinically relevant, variations in base excess response across the hypercapnic range. Using a mathematical simulation of 10,000 buffer power coefficients we determined that a coefficient of 12.1 (95% CI, 9.1–15.1) instead of 16.2 facilitates a more conceptually appropriate in vivo base excess equation for general clinical application.

CONCLUSIONS:
In vivo changes in carbon dioxide leads to changes in base excess that may be clinically relevant for individual patients. A buffer power coefficient of 16.2 may not be appropriate in vivo and needs external validation in a range of clinical settings.
Examination of the Corneal Endothelium in Patients With Congenital Aniridia With a PAX6 Mutation Using In Vivo Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Csidey Mária , Csorba Anita , Kormányos Kitti , Náray Annamária , Kéki-Kovács Klaudia , Németh Orsolya , Knézy Krisztina , Bausz Mária , Szigeti Andrea , Szabó Dorottya , Corton Marta , Tory Kálmán , Jávorszky Eszter , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Maka Erika , Langenbucher Achim , Sperlich Karsten , Stachs Oliver , Winter Karsten , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
In PAX6 syndrome, it is still not clear, whether prenatally, parallel to the iris tissue developmental anomaly, there is neural ectodermal, neural crest, or mesodermal cell deposition at the corneal endothelium, affecting endothelial structure and function. In addition, because of the postnatal corneal inflammation and commonly appearing secondary glaucoma, progressive endothelial changes are expected. Our purpose was to study the corneal endothelium in subjects with PAX6 aniridia, using in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Methods:
Twenty-seven eyes of 16 subjects with congenital aniridia (age 28.25 ± 16.32 [11–59] years, 8 [50%] female) and 40 eyes of 26 healthy subjects (age 33.8 ± 15.2 [14–67] years, 17 [58.6%] females) were examined. Aniridia-associated keratopathy and iris malformation were graded, and means of endothelial cell density, cell area, cell diameter, spatial pattern of cell centroids (Clark–Evans index), polygonality, neighbor count, percentage of hexagonal cells, and endothelial deposit number were determined by in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Results:
Mean cell diameter and mean Clark–Evans index were significantly lower (P = 0.049; P = 0.008) in congenital aniridia eyes than in controls. There were hyperreflective endothelial deposits in congenital aniridia eyes but not in controls (P < 0.001). Only aniridia-associated keratopathy grade correlated positively with mean endothelial deposit number (P = 0.017).

Conclusions:
In congenital aniridia, the corneal endothelium might possess a slightly better quality and greater reserves than in healthy subjects. Corneal endothelial deposition seems to be independent from developmental abnormalities but may be related to up to date undescribed endothelial inflammatory or metabolic changes.
“We Are the Bridge.” A Qualitative Approach to Compare Value Perceptions of Rehabilitation Therapists in the Academic Medical Center
Authors: Felter Cara , Garguilo Emily , Keys Rylenn , Kim Diana , Saathoff Emmy , Johnson Diana , Wells Chris 
Published: December 2024

Introduction and Review of Literature:
Rehabilitation therapists contribute to academic medical center (AMC) teams. However, their self-perceptions of the value they add in the AMC have not been fully explored, which may contribute to misunderstandings about their role in the AMC. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare rehabilitation therapists’ perceived value in the AMC from the viewpoints of rehabilitation therapists and non-rehabilitation therapists (NRTs).

Subjects:
A convenience sample of 25 rehabilitation therapists and 16 NRTs participated in this study.

Methods:
Participants were recruited via email to answer a survey including demographic data and an invitation to participate in a focus group. Therapist participants were also surveyed about their perceived value. Survey data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Focus groups were conducted virtually, and data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Coding was performed iteratively until the researchers derived the themes and subthemes.

Results:
Quantitative data indicated that rehabilitation therapists believed they were more valued by fellow therapists than NRTs. Qualitative themes from the therapists were: (1) value in our unique professional role, (2) misunderstandings of the professional role, (3) lack of respect about what we contribute, and (4) bridging the gaps between the patient and caregivers with the rest of the interprofessional team. NRTs’ themes were: (1) role of the therapist, (2) therapy as a resource, and (3) value to patients and NRTs.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Data demonstrated differences in therapists’ and NRTs’ perceptions of value and guided opportunities for AMC leaders to improve interprofessional communication and collaboration to influence a positive culture shift. A deeper understanding of rehabilitation therapists’ value could enhance therapists’ professional identity and their interprofessional interactions in the AMC.
Potential preventive effects of time-restricted eating on cancer
Authors: Fang Ruo-Xin , Yan Ling , Liao Zheng-Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Intermittent fasting is a novel dietary intervention that has been demonstrated to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and reduce complications. Time-restricted eating is a specific form of intermittent fasting. It usually restricts only the daily eating window and not the amount of calories consumed. In addition to providing a means for weight management and improving metabolism like other intermittent fasting methods, time-restricted eating also synchronizes circadian rhythms and affects autophagy levels, which has potential antiaging effects. Some studies have shown that time-restricted eating can prevent tumorigenesis and slow tumor progression. Moreover, because of its simplicity and mild adverse effects, time-restricted eating is safe and has a high rate of compliance. It may be used an adjuvant therapy and may be part of a healthy lifestyle suitable for long term by cancer patients or those at high risk of developing specific cancers. This article expounds on the potential impact of time-restricted eating on the prevention and treatment of cancer, as well as the potential mechanism(s) of action. There are 3 main aspects considered to be impacted by time-restricted eating: improving obesity and metabolic disorders, synchronizing the circadian rhythm, and upregulating autophagy. We herein present the current research progress related to the effects of time-restricted eating on malignant tumors. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical basis and direction for future research to explore the potential of time-restricted eating as a nutritional intervention to prevent the occurrence of cancer and as a treatment or adjuvant therapy for cancer. We believe that this approach may be conducive to improving the nutritional status of cancer patients and improving their prognosis and quality of life.
Mechanistic associations between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer
Authors: Han Jing-Xiang , Liu Cheng-Fei , Xu Shao-Qiang , Cao Ying-Lei , Wang Yan-Li , Yao Tian , Qiu Fu-Bin , Huang He 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates. Its occurrence and development are determined by many factors, including genetics, the environment, lifestyle, and so on. The occurrence of CRC is often accompanied by changes in the intestinal microenvironment. Numerous studies have focused on the association between dietary patterns, dietary components, and CRC now. This article reviews five different dietary patterns: the Western diet, the Mediterranean diet, the ketogenic diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, and fasting, and the mechanistic associations between their food components and CRC. The finding can provide a reference for further studies on the association between different dietary patterns and CRC and will help clinicians formulate reasonable and feasible dietary interventions.
Association of T lymphocyte subset counts with the clinical features of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Lei , Shi Yong-Can , Yang Ying-Xin , Wang Zhi-Guo , Wang Song-Song , Zhang Hua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy. The T lymphocyte subsets are important in the development, invasion and metastasis of tumors, including CRC. Nevertheless, limited research has explored the relationship between T cell subpopulations and the clinical characteristics of CRC. This study compared the T lymphocyte subsets in patients with CRC and healthy individuals and assessed the relationship between these values and clinical characteristics.

Methods
Peripheral blood was collected from 100 patients with CRC and 54 healthy individuals. The numbers of CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and the CD4+/CD8+, ratio in peripheral blood were measured using flow cytometry and were compared between CRC patients and healthy individuals. Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the T lymphocyte subsets in patients diagnosed with CRC and the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the potential utility of the T lymphocyte counts in predicting lymph node metastasis, vascular infiltration, and high Ki-67 expression.

Results
The CRC patients had lower counts of CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to the healthy population (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio or NK cells (P > 0.05). Notably, the CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts were higher in patients with stage I-II disease, no lymph node metastasis, no vascular invasion, and low Ki-67 expression than in those with stage III, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and high Ki-67 expression (P < 0.05). There was a negative association between the CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts and CEA and TK1 levels in patients with CRC. The ROC curves demonstrated that CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts had significant predictive value for lymph node metastasis, vascular infiltration, and high Ki-67 expression.

Conclusions
The peripheral blood CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts are related to the clinical traits of patients with CRC and can predict the prognosis of the disease.
Dietary patterns and cancer prognosis
Authors: Zhang Chu-Ying , Zhang Ge-Ge , Cheng Hao-Qing , Guo Peng-Xia , Fida Saba , Song Chun-Hua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of global mortality, resulting in millions of deaths each year. Even a small attenuation in cancer rates through preventive care can have a significant impact. Dietary habits are closely associated with cancer. Unhealthy eating habits may contribute to traditional risk factors and accelerate the progression of cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of healthy dietary interventions in the prevention and treatment of various cancers, particularly through dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, plant-based diet, and ketogenic diet. This review summarizes several studies on the impact of dietary patterns on cancer prognosis and explores the recent findings regarding the mechanisms through which dietary interventions influence cancer progression and prognosis.
Gender Minority Physician Assistant/Associate Applicants and Likelihood of Matriculation: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Rolls Joanne , Showstark Mary , Najmabadi Shahpar , Loder Rayne , Barry Carey , Honda Trenton 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Gender minorities are undermeasured among physician assistant/associate programs and across the profession. This study describes the 2020 to 2021 Centralized Application Service for Physician Assistants self-identified gender minority applicant pool, examining whether gender minority status is associated with matriculation.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of 2020 to 2021 admission cycle participants (n = 30,123) was described and evaluated for associations between self-identified gender minority status and likelihood of program matriculation using logistic regression. Models were controlled for important potential confounders, including total undergraduate grade point average, race/ethnicity, hours of patient experience, and age.

Results
Of the 30,123 total applicants, 0.21% (n = 63) self-identified as a gender minority. Total matriculation was 27.64% (n = 8325) compared with gender minority matriculation of 20.63% (n = 13). Gender minority status was associated with a nonsignificant lower likelihood of matriculation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37–1.25). Fully adjusted models were unchanged controlling for academic achievement, patient care experience, age, and race/ethnicity (OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.51–1.35).

Discussion
These findings suggest that gender minority applicants have a similar likelihood of matriculation in physician assistant/associate programs as compared with non–gender minority applicants. Low prevalence of self-identified gender minority status could indicate reluctance to self-identify and is concerningly lower than population prevalence.
No need for hip precautions after total hip arthroplasty with posterior approach: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Jiale , He Qionghan , Sun Yue , Liu Xianglong , Li Yehai 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Nowadays, total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful procedures in the field of orthopedics and trauma. The posterior approach has historically been associated with a higher rate of hip dislocation. To reduce the rate of hip dislocation in the posterior approach, most orthopedic surgeons would recommend hip precautions (HP) for their patients postoperatively based on previous theories. However, recent randomized controlled trials have shown no significant difference in hip dislocation rates with or without HP, in contrast to previous theories. Based on these, this study conducted a meta-analysis of these randomized controlled trials to try to get qualitative conclusions.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials of HP after THA up to July 28, 2023, were searched in 3 databases, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Data extraction and literature quality assessment were performed by 2 independent authors and extracted hip dislocation, hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, joint replacement (HOOS JR) scores over 6 weeks, and time to discontinuation of mobility aids. Stata software and Revman software were used to perform this meta-analysis.

Results:
Following screening, 3 papers with a total of 1215 participants were included in the analysis. This meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in hip dislocation rates with or without HP after THA undergoing the posterior approach and that the without HP group instead showed better outcomes in terms of HOOS JR scores and time to discontinuation of mobility aids.

Conclusion:
THA with a posterior approach does not require hip precautions.
Integrated approach of scalp electroacupuncture and pharmacotherapy in managing Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Li Hanzhang , Ju Geyongqin , Chen Jiayi , Wang Yao 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that may be managed with therapies like scalp electroacupuncture (SEA). The combination of SEA and medication could potentially offer a new approach for managing PD symptoms. The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the combined impact of SEA and medication on PD through a comprehensive analysis of randomized clinical trials, focusing on outcomes like effective rate and various scores (total Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), UPDRS III, and Webster).

Methods:
It was conducted an unrestricted search from the beginning of each database until April 19, 2024, across 7 databases. These included 4 international databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, and 3 Chinese databases: CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang. Review Manager, version 5.3 was used to calculate the mean difference (MD) or risk ratio along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3.0 was employed for conducting bias analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses.

Results:
From 1422 records identified in the databases, 17 articles were included in both the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio and its 95%CI in the intervention (SEA + medication) group compared to the control (medication) group for the effective rate is 1.24 [1.17, 1.32] with a P < .00001. The pooled MD and its 95%CI for the Webster score is −0.51 [−6.36, 5.35] with a P = .86. The pooled MD and its 95%CI for total UPDRS is 8.73 [2.88, 14.58] with a P = .003. The pooled MD and its 95%CI for UPDRS III is 4.42 [3.23, 5.61] with a P < .00001. The results for total UPDRS and UPDRS III showed that intervention reduced the severity and progression of PD in patients more than medication.

Conclusions:
The intervention (SEA + medication) has shown significant effectiveness compared to the control (medication) in terms of the effective rate, total UPDRS, and UPDRS III in PD patients. However, it did not show a significant effect on the Webster score.
Effect of Tui-Na versus positional release techniques on pregnancy-related low back pain in the third-trimester: A randomized comparative trial
Authors: Elabd Aliaa M. , Hasan Shahnaz , Alghadir Ahmad H. , Elabd Omar M. , Shawky Ghada Mohamed , Iqbal Amir , Marwan Yara N. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Researchers are prioritizing the development of an effective treatment approach for third-trimester pregnancy-related low back pain (LBP), a prevalent and costly disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of Tui-Na (TN) versus positional release techniques (PRT) on third trimester pregnancy-related LBP.

Methods:
Fifty pregnant women in their third trimester with low back pain were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups for 4 weeks of prescribed treatment (TN or PRT). The primary outcome was LBP intensity. Secondary outcomes included the Oswestry disability index for back disability and the pressure pain threshold of lumbar tender points. Two-way multivariate analysis of variance was used for the data analysis.

Results:
Multivariate tests indicated statistically significant effects of group (F = 10.062, P < .001, partial η
2 = 0.302), time (F = 473.5, P < .001, partial η
2 = 0.953), and group-by-time interactions (F = 4.045, P < .001, partial η
2 = 0.148). However, the TN group, when compared to the PRT group, revealed a significant decrease in back disability (P < .001, partial η
2 = 0.124) and a significant increase in pressure pain threshold at the Rt and Lt points (P = .02 and .001, partial η
2 = 0.055, and 0.108, respectively). Within-group comparisons were significant for all measured variables in both the groups (P < .001).

Conclusion:
Although both TN and PRT are beneficial treatments for third trimester pregnancy-related LBP, TN leads to more beneficial outcomes.