bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung auditiver Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsleistungen mit und ohne AVWS im Grundschulalter
Authors: Nickisch Andreas , Nickisch Leonie , Kiese-Himmel Christiane 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ob sich die an unauffälligen Kindern beschriebenen Reifungsprozesse des zentralen Hörsystems auch an Kindern mit auditiven Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörungen (AVWS) im Grundschulalter nachweisen lassen, sollte an 2 Schülerjahrgängen (1. und 4. Klasse) im Kontrollgruppenvergleich untersucht werden.
Material und Methoden In die Auswertung gingen 7 Testergebnisse von 82 Erstklässlern (40 mit AVWS; 42 unauffällige Kinder) und 65 Viertklässlern (35 mit AVWS; 30 unauffällige Kinder) ein. Es wurde eine ANOVA mit dem Gesamtsummenwert aus folgenden 7 Untersuchungen sowie anschließend eine MANOVA mit den Einzeltestergebnissen durchgeführt: Göttinger Sprachaudiometrie II im Störgeräusch; dichotisches Wortpaarverstehen (Uttenweiler-Test); Phonemdifferenzierung, Phonemidentifikation, Phonemanalyse (Subtests aus Heidelberger Lautdifferenzierungstest); Zahlenfolgen-Gedächtnis (Subtest aus psycholinguistischem Entwicklungstest); Mottier-Test.
Ergebnisse Die ANOVA zeigte signifikante Haupteffekte von „Schuljahr“ (p < 0,001; η² = 0,418) und „Gruppe“ (p < 0,001; η² = 0,690), jedoch keine Interaktionseffekte zwischen beiden. Das Ergebnis der MANOVA war ähnlich bzgl. der o. g. Haupteffekte; nur für 2 Tests (Phonemidentifikation, Phonemanalyse) wurde die Interaktion der Faktoren Schuljahr und Gruppe mit jeweils geringen Effektstärken von 3 bzw. 6 % statistisch signifikant.
Diskussion Gemäß dieser Querschnittsstudie scheint der Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen unabhängig vom Schuljahr zu sein.
Fazit Im Grundschulalter gibt es nicht nur für unauffällige Kinder, sondern auch für solche mit AVWS Hinweise auf eine Reifung des zentralen Hörsystems.
Mini-Tubular Access Surgery: A Single Surgeon's 12 Years in the Corridors of the Neuroaxis
Authors: Alsunbul Waleed , Elgheriani Ali , Takroni Radwan , Reddy Kesava , Zagzoog Nirmeen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Tubular approach surgery now includes complex spinal and cranial procedures. Aided by modified instrumentation and frameless stereotaxy, minimal access surgery is being offered for a growing array of neurosurgical conditions.
Methods This article explores the flexibility and adaptability of the tubular retractor system for multiple indications by highlighting the 12-year experience of the primary surgeon using a tubular retractor system reported for the entire neuroaxis including intracranial, foramen magnum, and the craniocaudal extent of the spine for intra- and extradural pathologies. For this article we have not analyzed our experience with degenerative spinal disease. Patient characteristics, pathology, resection results, length of hospital stay, and complications are discussed.
Results From August 2005 through March 2017, 538 patients underwent neurosurgical procedures with mini-tubular access. Of these, the 127 patients who underwent mini-tubular access operations for nontraditional indications are discussed here. There were 65 women and 61 men with an average age of 53.5 years. The cases by anatomical location are as follows: 27 cranial cases, 11 foramen magnum decompressions, and 89 for spinal indications. The cranial pathologies included primary and metastatic tumors. The spinal pathologies included intra- and extradural spinal tumors, spina bifida occulta, syringomyelia, and other cystic lesions in the spine. In the vast majority of the patients where gross total resection was the goal, it was achieved. The mean length of stay was 2.94 days.
Conclusions This report demonstrates that mini-tubular access surgery can be adapted to pathologies in the entire neuroaxis with outcomes that are comparable with open techniques. Limited tissue dissection, smaller incisions, and limited bone resection make the mini-tubular access approach a desirable option when feasible. Greater experience with all of these techniques is needed before the definitive status of these procedures in the neurosurgical armamentarium can be demonstrated.
Imaging in the Diagnosis of Nonspecific Pyogenic Spondylodiskitis
Authors: Heyde Christoph Eckhard , Spiegl Ulrich Josef Albert , Voelker Anna , von der Hoeh Nicolas , Henkelmann Jeanette 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of nonspecific pyogenic spondylodiskitis, associated with both a high morbidity and a high mortality, has increased in the last few decades. The diagnosis is often delayed because of the nonspecific clinical manifestation at the early stage. The reliability of radiographs is limited, particularly in early stage after the onset of infection. Computed tomography (CT) can reliably assess the bony condition with the possibility of spatial visualization. Contrast enhancement supports the detection of affected soft tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continues to be the gold standard in the diagnosis of spondylodiskitis. Sophisticated investigation protocols supported by gadolinium enhancement secure the diagnosis. MRI has a high resolution without radiation exposure. Different nuclear investigation techniques extend the diagnostic options. Reports of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18-FDG-PET) are particularly promising to confirm the diagnosis. The drawback of the reduced image quality with respect to detailed anatomical information can be overcome by a combined simultaneous acquisition of CT or MRI. With respect to one of the greatest challenges, the differentiation between degenerative changes (Modic type 1) and infection at an early stage using differentiated MRI protocols and FDG-PET is promising. This overview presents a concise state-of-the-art look at radiologic investigations in case of suspected nonspecific pyogenic spondylodiskitis with the focus on a pragmatic approach.
Covering of Plate after Anterior Cervical Fusion in Patients with Complete Spinal Cord Injury to Prevent Esophageal Injury: Technical Note
Authors: Oraee-Yazdani Saeed , Golmohammadi Maryam , Akhlaghpasand Mohammadhosein , Oraee-Yazdani Maryam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Esophageal injury after anterior corpectomy and fusion is a rare but life-threatening complication. It may cause mediastinitis due to anatomical continuity between the retropharyngeal space and the mediastinum, with reported high mortality rates. The acute and subacute injuries are most commonly of iatrogenic origin, while late perforation has been described several weeks to years later as a result of continuous friction or pressure of the instruments against the posterior wall of the esophagus, leading to ischemia and necrosis. This phenomenon is more common among quadriplegic patients who have undergone corpectomy and insertion of expandable or mesh cages and plate probably due to chronic erosion by hardware at the supine position.
Methods Since 2015, we have applied the technique of using a patch of autologous fascia lata to cover the anterior cervical plate by suturing to the longus colli muscles in 58 quadriplegic patients; the mean follow-up was 35.2 (28–41) months.
Results Since we started using this procedure, based on our follow-up at our center, there have been no cases of late esophageal perforation among quadriplegic patients.
Conclusion As a technical note, it seems like this method would be able to reduce the prevalence of esophagus injury among quadriplegic patients. However, to substantiate the efficacy of this technique, long-term follow-up and larger sample size are needed because esophageal injury occurs rarely.
An Unexpected Case of Late Fatal Central Venous Catheter Sepsis: A Case Report
Authors: Ottevanger Rosanne , Loggers Sverre A.I. , Yapici Unsal , Meijer Joost M.R. , Koning Giel G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Central venous catheters (CVC) are associated with risks and complications. Complications like vessel perforation, thrombosis, infection with significant morbidity and mortality, knotting, and ventricular perforation have been described. Another less-frequent complication is retained CVC fragments. We present a case of a very late but fatal complication after a CVC placement. This report is written in line with the consensus-based surgical case report guidelines (SCARE).
Case A 46-year-old male presented to the emergency department in a critical (septic) shock. The patients' medical history featured a long–intensive care admission 28 years ago. The cause of this sepsis was not evident until a computed tomography scan was performed to exclude a pulmonary embolism, revealing a remnant of a central catheter in both pulmonary arteries. Despite extensive resuscitation, the patient died within 24 hours after admission. An autopsy was performed confirming that the catheter remnant was the only possible cause of the fatal sepsis.
Discussion CVC's are associated with (fatal) complications; however, retainment of remnants are described unfrequently but do occur in almost 2% of the cases. Endovascular removal of these remnants has been performed successfully and should be the first treatment of choice if removal is considered. No evidence is available that suggests that routine removal has to be attempted but some longer term complications can be expected, so awareness of possible remnants after CVC removal should exist.
Conclusion Retained fragments of CVC's are rare but are described after prolonged use. This case shows that these retained intravascular fragments can cause fatal complications on the long-term. Upon removal of CVC's, there should be awareness that retainment of fragments can occur.
The Risk Factors for Immune System Impairment and the Need for Lifestyle Changes
Authors: Trivedi Gunjan Y. , Saboo Banshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHealthy immune system helps in enhancing the quality of life and reduces the risk of infectious disease. Chronic disease increases the risk of immune system impairment. The article reviews the evidence on risk factors causing immune system imbalance and articulates the complex nature of the relationships between immune system risk factors, chronic disease, and infectious disease to highlight the importance of lifestyle choices. Finally, some evidence is presented on mind–body interventions and lifestyle choices for enhancing the immune system function.
The Contemporary Role of Resection and Ablation in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Authors: Eskander Mariam F. , Aquina Christopher T. , Ejaz Aslam , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdvances in the field of surgical oncology have turned metastatic colorectal cancer of the liver from a lethal disease to a chronic disease and have ushered in a new era of multimodal therapy for this challenging illness. A better understanding of tumor behavior and more effective systemic therapy have led to the increased use of neoadjuvant therapy. Surgical resection remains the gold standard for treatment but without the size, distribution, and margin restrictions of the past. Lesions are considered resectable if they can safely be removed with tumor-free margins and a sufficient liver remnant. Minimally invasive liver resections are a safe alternative to open surgery and may offer some advantages. Techniques such as portal vein embolization, association of liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy, and radioembolization can be used to grow the liver remnant and allow for resection. If resection is not possible, nonresectional ablation therapy, including radiofrequency and microwave ablation, can be performed alone or in conjunction with resection. This article presents the most up-to-date literature on resection and ablation, with a discussion of current controversies and future directions.
Health Care Utilization in Patients Undergoing Repeat Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma with 5-Year Follow-up: A National Database Analysis
Authors: Dietz Nicholas , Sharma Mayur , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Wang Dengzhi , Boakye Maxwell , Williams Brian , Andaluz Norberto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been used as an alternative to microsurgery in patients with small vestibular schwannoma (VS). We compare health care utilization metrics in patients undergoing repeat-SRS (re-SRS) and no repeat SRS (nr-SRS) at long-term follow-up.
Materials and Methods We queried the MarketScan database using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Current Procedural Terminology 4, from 2000 to 2016. We included adult patients who had diagnosis of VS and treatment with SRS with at least 5 years of continuous enrollment after the procedure. Outcomes were hospital admissions, outpatient services, and medication refills.
Results Of 1,047 patients, 5.1% (n = 53) had repeat SRS. Majority of re-SRS (74%, n = 39) were done within 2 years of index procedure and 51% were within 1-year of initial procedure. Patients who required re-SRS incurred higher hospital readmission rate, outpatient services, and had higher payments compared with those who did not require re-SRS at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following the initial procedures. Re-SRS received 3.0- and 3.1-times higher payments at 1 and 2 years compared with nr-SRS cohort. At 5 years following SRS, median combined payments for re-SRS cohort was $105286 (interquartile range [IQR] $70999, $156569) compared with $44172 (IQR $22956, $84840) for nr-SRS cohort.
Conclusion More than half of the re-SRS procedures were noted within first year of initial SRS for VS. Overall payments at 5 years for repeat SRS was more than double that for nr-SRS. Repeat SRS was also associated with more re-admissions and outpatient services at annual follow-up time points.
Sinonasal Quality of Life Outcomes after Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery with Posterior Septum Free Mucosal Graft Reconstruction
Authors: Wu Tara J. , Chen Angela , Wells Christine , Heaney Anthony P. , Bergsneider Marvin , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective Quality of life (QoL) outcomes following endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal surgery (EETS) across a variety of reconstructive methods improve by 2 to 6 months. An option for sellar reconstruction, in the absence of a significant intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, is a free mucosal graft (FMG) from the posterior septum. We analyze sinonasal QoL outcomes in patients undergoing EETS with FMG reconstruction.
Study Design This study was a retrospective review.
Setting This study was conducted at tertiary care academic center.
Participants This study group consisted of patients undergoing EETS for pituitary adenomas from 2013 to 2018.
Main Outcome Measures Tumor and surgical factors were included, along with postoperative complications. Patients completed Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaires. Pre- and postoperative scores were compared among the entire cohort using linear multilevel regression. A subcohort analysis was performed among patients who completed questionnaires during the preoperative visit and two postoperative visits (within 1 month and between 2 and 3 months, respectively); pre- and postoperative total and individual domain SNOT-22 scores were compared using paired t-tests.
Results A total of 243 patients underwent EETS with FMG reconstruction. Four patients (1.6%) developed a postoperative CSF leak requiring reoperation. Among the entire cohort, SNOT-22 scores increased at the first postoperative visit (p < 0.01) but returned to baseline by the second, third, and fourth postoperative visits (p = 0.27, p = 0.18, and p = 0.21). Among 48 patients who completed both preoperative and two postoperative questionnaires, scores increased within the first month (p < 0.01) but returned to baseline at 2 to 3 months (p = 0.67).
Conclusion Posterior septum FMG reconstruction of sellar defects is an effective option, demonstrating early recovery of baseline sinonasal QoL by 2 to 3 months.
Beyond Antoni: A Surgeon's Guide to the Vestibular Schwannoma Microenvironment
Authors: Hannan Cathal J. , Lewis Daniel , O'Leary Claire , Donofrio Carmine A. , Evans Dafydd G. , Stapleton Emma , Freeman Simon R. , Lloyd Simon K. , Rutherford Scott A. , Hammerbeck-Ward Charlotte , Brough David , Allan Stuart M. , Coope David , King Andrew T. , Pathmanaban Omar N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are histologically benign tumors arising from cranial nerve VIII. Far from a homogenous proliferation of Schwann cells, mounting evidence has highlighted the complex nature of the inflammatory microenvironment in these tumors.
Methods A review of the literature pertaining to inflammation, inflammatory molecular pathways, and immune-related therapeutic targets in VS was performed. Relevant studies published up to June 2020 were identified based on a literature search in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases and the findings were synthesized into a concise narrative review of the topic.
Results The VS microenvironment is characterized by a dense infiltrate of inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages. Significantly higher levels of immune cell infiltration are observed in growing versus static tumors, and there is a demonstrable interplay between inflammation and angiogenesis in growing VS. While further mechanistic studies are required to ascertain the exact role of inflammation in angiogenesis, tumor growth, and Schwann cell control, we are beginning to understand the key molecular pathways driving this inflammatory microenvironment, and how these processes can be monitored and targeted in vivo.

Conclusion Observational research has revealed a complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment in VS. The functional landscape and roles of macrophages and other immune cells in the VS inflammatory infiltrate are, however, yet to be established. The antiangiogenic drug bevacizumab has shown the efficacy of targeted molecular therapies in VS and there is hope that agents targeting another major component of the VS microenvironment, inflammation, will also find a place in their future management.
Radiological Anatomy of the Olfactory Fossa: Is Skull Base Anatomy Really Ever “Safe”?
Authors: Hamour Amr F. , Kus Lukas , Monteiro Eric , Scheffler Patrick , Lee John , Vescan Allan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective Computed tomography (CT) is a powerful tool for delineating the anatomy of the anterior skull base. The goal of this study is to further characterize the relevant anatomical features of this area, along with other parameters important for endoscopic sinus surgery.
Design Retrospective case review.
Setting Tertiary care hospital.
Participants Thirty patients who had CT scans of the paranasal sinuses.
Main Outcome Measures The following features were assessed using image analysis software: olfactory fossa depth, the length and angle of the lateral lamella, fovea ethmoidalis length and shape, ethmoid roof height and slope, and the position and course of the anterior ethmoid artery. Statistical analysis was performed assessing for differences in the above parameters.
Results The mean olfactory fossa depth of the anterior and posterior skull base was 3.4  ± 1.1 and 2.4  ± 0.9 mm, respectively (p < 0.05). The mean lateral lamella length was 3.6  ± 0.9 mm, which did not demonstrate significant variability. The angle of the lateral lamella varied significantly by skull base position, measuring 63.1 ± 17.8 degrees anteriorly, and 39.1 ± 17.9 degrees posteriorly (p < 0.05). In scans classified as a Keros type I, 25.3% had lateral lamellae longer than 4 mm. Furthermore, 43.7% had lateral lamellae with angles less than 45 degrees. Moving anteriorly, the posterior skull base sloped downward in 46.7% of patients.
Conclusion Thorough preoperative assessment of CT scans is crucial to understanding the inherent variability of skull base anatomy. Even “safe” anatomy can still contain features such as long and acutely angled lateral lamella, which may predispose patients to iatrogenic injury.
Why does intellectuality weaken faith and sometimes foster it?
Authors: ÇAĞLAR Mustafa Emre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntellectuality and religiosity are controversial concepts in terms of their relationship. Numerous studies suggested that intelligence and exposure to higher education reduce religiosity. Others posited, religiosity is positively associated with these factors or is unresponsive to them. The author asserts a dynamic model to address this ambiguity. Individuals make a choice when they are young, between holding a certain belief or disbelief on the one hand, or being a skeptic on the other. Subsequent intellectual achievements strengthen the chosen paradigm and makes a person’s belief or disbelief stable but increases or decreases the suspicious belief based upon the situation. Intellectual development distort the internal consistency of the “dogmatic map” and people react to this distortion in different ways to make the dogmatic map consistent again. Believers ignore the distortion in favor of dogma, in the hope of a future solution or re-organize their dogmas to fit their intellectual achievements. Skeptics generally abandon their dogmas they suspect and begin to establish an independent cognitive map. Across the study, this model was tested through in-depth interviews with 53 subjects. The findings suggested that, increasing or decreasing belief and therefore to some extent religiousness; is an enhancive or reductive reading of the initial choice made in favor of doubt.
Explaining use and non-use of policy evaluations in a mature evaluation setting
Authors: Pattyn Valérie , Bouterse Marjolein 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGovernments worldwide have intensified their efforts to institutionalize policy evaluation. Still, also in organizations with high evaluation maturity, the use of evaluations is not self-evident. As mature organizations already meet many of the factors that are commonly seen to foster evaluation use, they constitute an interesting research setting to identify (combinations of) factors that can make a key difference in minimizing research waste. In this article, we present an analysis of the use of evaluations conducted between 2013 and 2016 by the Policy and Operations Evaluation Department (IOB) of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a typical case of relatively high evaluation maturity. Methodologically, we rely on Qualitative Comparative Analysis as an approach that is excellently suited to capture the causal complexity characterizing evaluation use. The analysis provides useful insights on the link between knowledge production and use. We highlight the relevance of engaging policy makers in developing the evaluation design, and fine-tune available evidence as to what is perceived a good timing to organize evaluations. Contrary to existing research, we show that the political salience of an evaluation does not matter much.