bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptin levels predict the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in a sample of adult men: the Olivetti Heart Study
Authors: D’Elia Lanfranco , Giaquinto Alfonso , de Simone Giovanni , Iacone Roberto , Russo Ornella , Strazzullo Pasquale , Galletti Ferruccio 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
A higher leptin (LPT) is associated with a greater cardiometabolic risk. Some studies also showed a positive association between LPT and cardiovascular organ damage but no consistent data are available about a predictive role of LPT on cardiac remodelling. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of LPT on the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a sample of adult men.

Methods:
The study population was made up of 439 individuals (age: 51 years) without LVH at baseline, participating in The Olivetti Heart Study. The ECG criteria were adopted to exclude LVH at baseline and echocardiogram criteria for diagnosis of LVH at follow-up were considered.

Results:
At baseline, LPT was significantly and positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, ECG indices, SBP and DBP but not with age and renal function. At the end of the 8-year follow-up period, there was an incidence of 23% in LVH by echocardiography. Individuals who developed LVH had higher baseline age, LPT, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and ECG indices (P < 0.05). Furthermore, those that had LPT above the median had greater risk to develop LVH (odds ratio: 1.7; P < 0.05). This association was also confirmed after adjustment for main confounders, among which changes in blood pressure and anthropometric indices.

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest a predictive role of circulating LPT levels on cardiac remodelling expressed by echocardiographic LVH, independently of body weight and blood pressure changes over the years.
One-year performance of thin-strut cobalt chromium sirolimus-eluting stent versus thicker strut stainless steel biolimus-eluting coronary stent: a propensity-matched analysis of two international all-comers registries
Authors: Vlieger Selina , Danzi Gian B. , Kauer Floris , Oemrawsingh Rohit M. , Stojkovic Sinisa , IJsselmuiden Alexander J.J. , Routledge Helen , Laanmets Peep , Roffi Marco , Fröbert Ole , Baello Pascual , Wlodarczak Adrian , Puentes Angel , Polad Jawed , Hildick-Smith David 
Published: October 2020

Objectives
Recent improvements in coronary stent design have focussed on thinner struts, different alloys and architecture, more biocompatible polymers, and shorter drug absorption times. This study evaluates safety and efficacy of a newer generation thin-strut cobalt chromium sirolimus-eluting coronary stent (SES, Ultimaster) in comparison with a second-generation thicker strut stainless steel biolimus-eluting stent (BES, Nobori) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice.

Methods
A propensity score analysis was performed to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics of 8137 SES patients and 2738 BES patients of two PCI registries (e-Ultimaster and NOBORI 2). An independent clinical event committee adjudicated all endpoint-related adverse events.

Results
The use of SES, as compared with BES was associated with a significantly lower rate of myocardial infarction (MI) (1.2% vs 2.2%; P = 0.0006) and target vessel-related MI (1.1% vs 1.8%; P = 0.002) at 1 year. One-year composite endpoints of all predefined endpoints were lower in patients undergoing SES implantation (target lesion failure: 3.2% vs 4.1%; P = 0.03, target vessel failure: 3.7% vs 5.0%; P = 0.003, patient-oriented composite endpoint 5.7% vs 6.8%; P = 0.03). No significant differences between SES and BES were observed in all-cause death (2.0% vs 1.6%; P = 0.19), cardiac death (1.2% vs 1.2%; P = 0.76) or stent thrombosis (0.6% vs 0.8%; P = 0.43).

Conclusions
These findings suggest an improved clinical safety and efficacy of a newer generation thin-strut SES as compared with a second-generation thicker strut BES.
Outcomes in prediabetes vs. diabetes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous intervention
Authors: Kim Yong Hoon , Her Ae-Young , Jeong Myung Ho , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Hong Sung-Jin , Kim Seunghwan , Ahn Chul-Min , Kim Jung-Sun , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong-Ki , Jang Yangsoo 
Published: October 2020

Objective
The comparative long-term clinical outcomes between patients with prediabetes and diabetes in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD) who were undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not well known. We therefore compared the 2-year clinical outcomes in such patients.

Methods
A total of 2963 patients with NSTEMI and MVD [normoglycemia (group A, n = 629), prediabetes (group B, n = 802), and diabetes (group C, n = 1532)] were evaluated. The primary outcomes were the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction (Re-MI), and any repeat revascularization. The secondary outcome was stent thrombosis.

Results
The cumulative incidence of MACE as well as for death or MI in group B and C were similar when compared to each other. However, they (P = 0.048 and P = 0.017, respectively and P = 0.022 and P = 0.001, respectively) were significantly higher than in group A. The cumulative incidence of all-cause death in group B (P = 0.042) and all-cause death and cardiac death in group C (P = 0.001 and P = 0.028, respectively) were significantly higher than in group A. However, those of all-cause death, cardiac death, Re-MI, any repeat revascularization, and ST were not significantly different between groups B and C.

Conclusion
In this study, patients with NSTEMI and MVD who underwent successful implantation of newer-generation DES and were prediabetic had worse outcomes compared to normoglycemics and comparable to those with diabetes.
Allergen bronchoprovocation test: an important research tool supporting precision medicine
Authors: Boulet Louis-Philippe , Côté Andréanne , Abd-Elaziz Khalid , Gauvreau Gail , Diamant Zuzana 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
Allergen bronchoprovocation test (ABT) has been used to study asthma pathophysiology and as a disease-modelling tool to assess the properties and efficacy of new asthma drugs. In view of the complexity and heterogeneity of asthma, which has driven the definition of several phenotypes and endotypes, we aim to discuss the role of ABT in the era of precision medicine and provide guidance for clinicians how to interpret and use available data to understand the implications for the benefits of asthma treatment.

Recent findings
In this review, we summarize background knowledge and applications of ABT and provide an update with recent publications on this topic. In the past years, several studies have been published on ABT in combination with non-invasive and invasive airway samplings and innovative detection techniques allowing to study several inflammatory mechanisms linked to Th2-pathway and allergen-induced pathophysiology throughout the airways.

Summary
ABT is a valuable research tool, which has strongly contributed to precision medicine by helping to define allergen-triggered key inflammatory pathways and airway pathophysiology, and thus helped to shape our understanding of allergen-driven asthma phenotypes and endotypes. In addition, ABT has been instrumental to assess the interactions and effects of new-targeted asthma treatments along these pathways.
Is there a role of penicillin allergy in developing Clostridioides difficile infection?
Authors: Schwiebert Ralph , Sandoe Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
To explore the evidence for an association between penicillin allergy, antibiotic prescribing and Clostridioides difficile (CDI) infection.

Recent findings
Several studies have highlighted the differences in antibiotic prescribing in penicillin allergic patients and the impact on rates of C. difficile infection.

Summary
Penicillin allergy leads to higher incidences of prescriptions for antibiotics that are known to predispose to CDI. In turn CDI is more common in patients with penicillin allergy. Penicillin allergy is often erroneously ascribed to patients and should be challenged.
An update on international practice variation in peanut introduction: conundrums, controversies, and a new direction
Authors: Yuan Irene , Greenhawt Matthew , Shaker Marcus 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
Introduction of peanut during the first year of life is associated with an 81% relative risk reduction of developing peanut allergy in infants with severe eczema, egg allergy, or both. However, significant international variation exists in risk stratification prior to peanut introduction.

Recent findings
A policy-level screening approach, such as the one in the United States, is not practical and is associated with higher costs and more cases of peanut allergy over time, in contrast to international models that recommend universal early introduction without prescreening. In Australia, population-level efforts to introduce peanut early without screening have demonstrated high rates of peanut introduction before 12 months of age and low rates of severe allergic reactions. In contrast, screening prior to peanut introduction in the United States is associated with ‘screening creep’ – the tendency of clinicians to test populations where screening is not recommended.

Summary
Early peanut introduction can reduce the risk of developing food allergy and is more effective without a risk-based screening approach. In some circumstances, shared clinical decision-making can facilitate food allergy prevention in a manner consistent with family values and preferences.
Human immunodeficiency virus from life taking to life giving: expanding the donor pool by using HIV-positive donors
Authors: Mehta Shikha , Locke Jayme E. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
We report the risks and benefits of utilizing HIV-positive organ donors.

Recent findings
The utilization of HIV-positive organs came with significant concerns including poor organ quality, increased risk of rejection, HIV disease progression, transmission of varying HIV strains and opportunistic infections, virologic failure due to antiretroviral resistance, increased risk for posttransplant malignancy, and recurrent HIV-associated nephropathy. Recently published data have shown, however, that despite the above mentioned risks, patient survival, and graft survival in persons living with HIV (PLWH) who received a kidney transplant from a HIV-positive donor (D+/R+) is similar to a kidney transplant from a HIV-negative donor (D−/R+).

Summary
To date, 268 PLWH have received an organ from a HIV-positive donor, including 198 kidney transplants and 70 liver/liver–kidney transplants. The utilization of HIV-positive donor organs has proven to be a safe and feasible approach to expanding the donor pool and improving access to lifesaving therapy for PLWH with end-stage organ disease.
Development and Validation of a Model to Predict Pediatric Septic Shock Using Data Known 2 Hours After Hospital Arrival
Authors: Scott Halden F. , Colborn Kathryn L. , Sevick Carter J. , Bajaj Lalit , Deakyne Davies Sara J. , Fairclough Diane , Kissoon Niranjan , Kempe Allison 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To use electronic health record data from the first 2 hours of care to derive and validate a model to predict hypotensive septic shock in children with infection.

Design:
Derivation-validation study using an existing registry.

Setting:
Six emergency care sites within a regional pediatric healthcare system. Three datasets of unique visits were designated:

Patients:
Patients in whom clinicians were concerned about serious infection from 60 days to 18 years were included; those with septic shock in the first 2 hours were excluded. There were 2,318 included visits; 197 developed septic shock (8.5%).

Interventions:
Lasso with 10-fold cross-validation was used for variable selection; logistic regression was then used to construct a model from those variables in the training set. Variables were derived from electronic health record data known in the first 2 hours, including vital signs, medical history, demographics, and laboratory information. Test characteristics at two thresholds were evaluated: 1) optimizing sensitivity and specificity and 2) set to 90% sensitivity.

Measurements and Main Results:
Septic shock was defined as systolic hypotension and vasoactive use or greater than or equal to 30 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid administration in the first 24 hours. A model was created using 20 predictors, with an area under the receiver operating curve in the training set of 0.85 (0.82–0.88); 0.83 (0.78–0.89) in the temporal test set and 0.83 (0.60–1.00) in the geographic test set. Sensitivity and specificity varied based on cutpoint; when sensitivity in the training set was set to 90% (83–94%), specificity was 62% (60–65%).

Conclusions:
This model predicted risk of septic shock in children with suspected infection 2 hours after arrival, a critical timepoint for emergent treatment and transfer decisions. Varied cutpoints could be used to customize sensitivity to clinical context.
Point-of-Care Influenza Testing in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Patel Prina , Laurich Vincent Matt , Smith Sharon , Sturm Jesse 
Published: October 2020

Objectives
To see what the impact of introducing a rapid polymerase chain reaction–based influenza test has on length of stay (LOS) in emergency department, use of imaging, serum or urine testing, antibiotic use, and antiviral use.

Methods
Audit of electronic medical health records was performed for all emergency department visits from 2014 to 2018 between November and March, which was defined as peak flu season. Patients were included if they were between 3 months and 18 years of age, presented during peak flu season, and were tested for influenza. The pre–point of care (POC) period was defined as November through March of 2014 to 2017 which was compared with the post-POC group which was defined as November through March of 2017 to 2018.

Results
Patients tested for influenza in the pre-POC period were more likely to have complete blood count testing (44.7% vs 25.6% P < 0.01), more likely to have blood cultures performed (30% vs 16.3%, P < 0.01), more likely to have urine testing performed (21.5% vs 12.2%, P < 0.01), and more likely to have a chest radiograph completed (47.5% vs 34.4%, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in rates of antibiotics used. There was increased rates of oseltamivir used in the post-POC period (21.2% vs 13.3%, P < 0.05. The median LOS decreased from 239 minutes in the pre-POC period to 232 minutes in the post-POC period (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
With the introduction of a polymerase chain reaction–based point-of-care influenza test, there were overall decreased rates of invasive blood work, urine studies, and imaging, and median LOS. There was also increased antiviral administration.
False-Positive 18F-PSMA-1007 and True-Negative 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT Splenic Hemangioma
Authors: Panagiotidis Emmanouil , Paschali Anna , Xourgia Xanthi , Chatzipavlidou Vassiliki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A 62-year-old man with prostate cancer underwent both 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT studies for biochemical recurrence. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT outperformed 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in detecting lymph node metastases in the pelvis and retroperitoneum, whereas the former showed a focus of increased uptake in the spleen not seen on 18F-fluorocholine. The 18F-PSMA-1007 –avid lesion corresponded to a splenic hemangioma, which was initially detected in an MRI scan 10 years ago, unchanged in size. This case shows different features of 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-fluorocholine uptake, in an incidentally detected splenic hemangioma, alerting PET/CT reports for possible pitfall.
Pseudooceanicola aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from the Jiulong River Estuary in PR China
Authors: Li Yanyan , Wang Yu , Wang Yina , Lin Fang , Zhu Hongmei , Lai Qiliang , Shao Zongze , Zhou Hantao 
Published: October 2020

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive bacterium of the genus

Pseudooceanicola

, designated strain E2-1T, was isolated from surface water of Jiulong River Estuary, PR China. Cells of strain E2-1T grew in medium containing 0.5–12 % NaCl (w/v; optimum, 2–4 %), at 15–45 °C (optimum, 28–33 °C) and at pH 7.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0). Comparative analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain E2-1T had the highest similarity to

Pseudooceanicola nitratireducens

JLT1210T (97.3 %) and

Pseudooceanicola batsensis

HTCC2597T (97.1 %), and had less than 97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other type strains within the genus

Pseudooceanicola

. The DNA G+C content of strain E2-1T was 65.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness values between E2-1T and related type strains were 75.0 and 20.1 % with

P. nitratireducens

JLT1210T and 75.6 and 20.4 % with

P. batsensis

HTCC2597T, respectively. The sole isoprenoid quinone was Q-10; the predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and six unidentified lipids; the major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 (17.5 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (22.7 %) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c/C18 : 1
ω6c; 10.1 %). According to the phylogenetic and genotypic results, strain E2-1T represents a novel species in the genus

Pseudooceanicola

, for which the name Pseudooceanicola aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E2-1T (=MCCC 1K03742T=KCTC 72107T).
IgM autoantibodies recognizing ACE2 are associated with severe COVID-19
Authors: Casciola-Rosen Livia , Thiemann David R. , Andrade Felipe , Trejo Zambrano Maria Isabel , Hooper Jody E. , Leonard Elissa K. , Spangler Jamie B. , Cox Andrea L. , Machamer Carolyn E. , Sauer Lauren , Laeyendecker Oliver , Garibaldi Brian T. , Ray Stuart C. , Mecoli Christopher A. , Christopher-Stine Lisa , Gutierrez-Alamillo Laura , Yang Qingyuan , Hines David , Clarke William A. , Rothman Richard , Pekosz Andrew , Fenstermacher Katherine J. , Wang Zitong , Zeger Scott L. , Rosen Antony 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection induces severe disease in a subpopulation of patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We demonstrate robust IgM autoantibodies that recognize angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in 18/66 (27%) patients with severe COVID-19, which are rare (2/52; 3.8%) in hospitalized patients who are not ventilated. The antibodies do not undergo class-switching to IgG, suggesting a T-independent antibody response. Purified IgM from anti-ACE2 patients activates complement. Pathological analysis of lung obtained at autopsy shows endothelial cell staining for IgM in blood vessels in some patients. We propose that vascular endothelial ACE2 expression focuses the pathogenic effects of these autoantibodies on blood vessels, and contributes to the angiocentric pathology observed in some severe COVID-19 patients. These findings may have predictive and therapeutic implications.One-sentence summaryACE2 autoantibodies in severe COVID-19 have features of a T-independent immune response, and may mediate vascular damage.
Heterogeneity in transmissibility and shedding SARS-CoV-2 via droplets and aerosols
Authors: Chen Paul Z. , Bobrovitz Niklas , Premji Zahra , Koopmans Marion , Fisman David N. , Gu Frank X. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhich virological factors mediate overdispersion in the transmissibility of emerging viruses remains a longstanding question in infectious disease epidemiology. Here, we use systematic review to develop a comprehensive dataset of respiratory viral loads (rVLs) of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. We then comparatively meta-analyze the data and model individual infectiousness by shedding viable virus via respiratory droplets and aerosols. Our analyses indicate heterogeneity in rVL as an intrinsic virological factor facilitating greater overdispersion for SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 pandemic than A(H1N1)pdm09 in the 2009 influenza pandemic. For COVID-19, case heterogeneity remains broad throughout the infectious period, including for pediatric and asymptomatic infections. Hence, many COVID-19 cases inherently present minimal transmission risk, whereas highly infectious individuals shed tens to thousands of SARS-CoV-2 virions/min via droplets and aerosols while breathing, talking and singing. Coughing increases the contagiousness, especially in close contact, of symptomatic cases relative to asymptomatic ones. Infectiousness tends to be elevated between 1-5 days post-symptom onset. Our findings show how individual case variations influence virus transmissibility and present considerations for disease control in the COVID-19 pandemic.Significance StatementFor some emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19, few cases cause most secondary infections. Others, like influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, spread more homogenously. The virological factors that mediate such distinctions in transmissibility remain unelucidated, prohibiting the development of specific disease control measures. We find that intrinsic case variation in respiratory viral load (rVL) facilitates overdispersion, and superspreading, for COVID-19 but more homogeneous transmission for A(H1N1)pdm09. We interpret the influence of heterogeneity in rVL on individual infectiousness by modelling likelihoods of shedding viable virus via respiratory droplets and aerosols. We analyze the distribution and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 rVL, including across age and symptomatology subgroups. Our findings compare individual infectiousness across COVID-19 and A(H1N1)pdm09 cases and present quantitative guidance on triaging COVID-19 contact tracing.
Stalling chromophore maturation of the fluorescent protein Venus reveals the molecular basis of the final oxidation step
Authors: Auhim Husam Sabah , Grigorenko Bella L. , Harris Tessa , Polyakov Igor V. , Berry Colin , dos Passos Gomes Gabriel , Alabugin Igor V. , Rizkallah Pierre J. , Nemukhin Alexander V. , Jones D. Dafydd 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFluorescent proteins (FPs) have revolutionised the life sciences but the mechanism of chromophore maturation is still not fully understood. Incorporation of a photo-responsive non-canonical amino acid within the chromophore stalls maturation of Venus, a yellow FP, at an intermediate stage; the crystal structure reveals the presence of O2located above a dehydrated enolate imidazolone (I) ring, close to the strictly conserved Gly67 that occupies a twisted conformation. His148 adopts an “open” conformation, potentially allowing O2access to the chromophore. Absorption spectroscopy supported by QM/MM simulations suggest that the first oxidation step involves formation of a hydroperoxyl intermediate in conjunction with dehydrogenation of the methylene bridge. A fully conjugated mature chromophore is formed through release of H2O2upon irradiation of this intermediate, bothin vitroandin vivo. The possibility of interrupting and photochemically restarting chromophore maturation, and the mechanistic insights opens up new approaches for engineering optically controlled fluorescent proteins.