bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliminating international normalized ratio threshold for transfusion in pediatric patients with acute liver failure
Authors: Lee Angela , Mendoza Julianne , Brubaker Aleah L. , Stoltz Daniel J. , McKenzie Rebecca , Bonham Clark A. , Esquivel Carlos O. , Gallo Amy E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionTransfusion protocols are not well‐studied for pediatric patients with acute liver failure (ALF). This study evaluates the utility of an international normalized ratio (INR)‐based transfusion threshold for these patients.MethodsForty‐four ALF pediatric patients from 2009 to 2018 were reviewed and divided into two groups: (a) a threshold group including patients between 2009 and 2015 who were transfused for an INR above 3.0, per institutional policy (n = 30), and (b) a post‐threshold group including patients after 2015 through 2018 who were transfused based on clinical judgment (n = 14). Preoperative INRs, preoperative transfusions, intraoperative transfusions, early reoperation, renal function, graft function and deaths were compared.ResultsLiver failure severity was similar between threshold and post‐threshold groups. Threshold patients had a lower average INR prior to transplantation, 2.8 (range 1.8‐3.8) vs 4.4 (range 2.1‐9.0), respectively (P = .01). Twenty‐six threshold patients (87%) received preoperative FFP compared with seven post‐threshold patients (50%, P = .0088). Two threshold patients (7%) received preoperative cryoprecipitate compared with five post‐threshold patients (36%, P = .014). The incidence of pre‐transplant bleeding, operative transfusions, and 1‐year patient and graft survival did not differ significantly.ConclusionClinical judgment vs an INR‐based threshold for transfusions did not increase perioperative complications in children with ALF.
Maternal presence influences vocal development in the Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica)
Authors: Desmedt Lucie , George Isabelle , Mohamed Benkada Aïcha , Hervé Maxime , Aubin Thierry , Derégnaucourt Sébastien , Lumineau Sophie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSocial influences on vocal development of young birds have been widely studied in oscine songbirds who learn to sing by vocal imitation of conspecifics, mainly male adults. In contrast, vocal development of non‐vocal learners such as Galliformes is considered as being under strong genetic influence and independent of the social environment. In this study, we investigated the role of the mother on the vocal development of young Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). We compared the vocal development of mothered and non‐mothered chicks during the first 21 days of life. We analysed the structural changes of two vocalisations: a) the rally call, emitted during long‐distance communication and in stressful situations, b) the contact call, emitted during short‐distance communication when chicks are in visual and/or auditory contact with congeners. We showed that temporal and spectral structures of the two types of calls changed during development and differed between mothered and non‐mothered chicks. These results demonstrate that maternal presence influences the vocal development of the young in the Japanese quail. Even if the adaptive value of such changes was not assessed, these results highlight that plasticity of vocalisations in species considered as non‐vocal learners has been underestimated.
Evolution of self‐incompatibility in the Brassicaceae: Lessons from a textbook example of natural selection
Authors: Durand Eléonore , Chantreau Maxime , Le Veve Audrey , Stetsenko Roman , Dubin Manu , Genete Mathieu , Llaurens Violaine , Poux Céline , Roux Camille , Billiard Sylvain , Vekemans Xavier , Castric Vincent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSelf‐incompatibility (SI) is a self‐recognition genetic system enforcing outcrossing in hermaphroditic flowering plants and results in one of the arguably best understood forms of natural (balancing) selection maintaining genetic variation over long evolutionary times. A rich theoretical and empirical population genetics literature has considerably clarified how the distribution of SI phenotypes translates into fitness differences among individuals by a combination of inbreeding avoidance and rare‐allele advantage. At the same time, the molecular mechanisms by which self‐pollen is specifically recognized and rejected have been described in exquisite details in several model organisms, such that the genotype‐to‐phenotype map is also pretty well understood, notably in the Brassicaceae. Here, we review recent advances in these two fronts and illustrate how the joint availability of detailed characterization of genotype‐to‐phenotype and phenotype‐to‐fitness maps on a single genetic system (plant self‐incompatibility) provides the opportunity to understand the evolutionary process in a unique perspective, bringing novel insight on general questions about the emergence, maintenance, and diversification of a complex genetic system.
Residual fatigue life prediction based on a novel damage accumulation model considering loading history
Authors: Li Z. , Shi D. , Li S. , Yang X. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe influence of prior low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) on the residual fatigue life was investigated experimentally. A Ni‐based alloy was cyclically loaded under stress‐controlled low‐high (LH) block loading. In the first loading step, low‐amplitude loading was performed with the stress amplitude of 283.5MPa at 710°C. Different cycles of preloading were performed, varying from 100 to 10 000. Subsequently, high‐amplitude fatigue loading was carried out with the stress amplitude of 315MPa at 800°C. Experimental results show that the previous loading was beneficial to the residual fatigue life when the consumed life fraction is below 0.2 and detrimental when the consumed life fraction is larger than 0.2. A novel nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model was proposed to estimate the residual LCF life under LH loading path considering the effects of load sequence and preloading cycles. The proposed model provided a better life prediction than some existing models, such as Kwofie‐Rahbar model, Miner' rule, Peng model, and Ye‐Wang model. Lastly, this model was further validated using various materials under LH and high‐low block loadings.
Cold range edges of marine fishes track climate change better than warm edges
Authors: Fredston‐Hermann Alexa , Selden Rebecca , Pinsky Malin , Gaines Steven D. , Halpern Benjamin S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSpecies around the world are shifting their ranges in response to climate change. To make robust predictions about climate‐related colonizations and extinctions, it is vital to understand the dynamics of range edges. This study is among the first to examine annual dynamics of cold and warm range edges, as most global change studies average observational data over space or over time. We analyzed annual range edge dynamics of marine fishes—both at the individual species level and pooled into cold‐ and warm‐edge assemblages—in a multi‐decade time‐series of trawl surveys conducted on the Northeast US Shelf during a period of rapid warming. We tested whether cold edges show stronger evidence of climate tracking than warm edges (due to non‐climate processes or time lags at the warm edge; the biogeography hypothesis or extinction debt hypothesis), or whether they tracked temperature change equally (due to the influence of habitat suitability; the ecophysiology hypothesis). In addition to exploring correlations with regional temperature change, we calculated species‐ and assemblage‐specific sea bottom and sea surface temperature isotherms and used them to predict range edge position. Cold edges shifted further and tracked sea surface and bottom temperature isotherms to a greater degree than warm edges. Mixed‐effects models revealed that for a one‐degree latitude shift in isotherm position, cold edges shifted 0.47 degrees of latitude, and warm edges shifted only 0.28 degrees. Our results suggest that cold range edges are tracking climate change better than warm range edges, invalidating the ecophysiology hypothesis. We also found that even among highly mobile marine ectotherms in a global warming hotspot, few species are fully keeping pace with climate.
Malnutrition risk and hospital‐acquired falls in older adults: A cross‐sectional, multicenter study
Authors: Eglseer Doris , Hoedl Manuela , Schoberer Daniela 
Published: February 2020

AimTo assess the relationship of malnutrition risk and in‐hospital falls in a patient group of older hospitalized patients (65–79 and ≥80 years).MethodsA cross‐sectional, multicenter, point‐prevalence study was conducted in 68 Austrian hospitals with 3702 hospitalized older patients. The relationship between malnutrition risk and falls was analyzed using univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses. Data were analyzed separately for two age groups, patients were aged 65–79 years (n = 2320) and ≥80 years (n = 1382).ResultsPrevalence of hospital‐acquired falls was 5.2%, and prevalence of risk of malnutrition was 24.3% (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool) and 16.2% (definition using body mass index and weight loss). The univariate analysis showed significant associations of malnutrition risk and in‐hospital falls for patients aged ≥80 years (odds ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.2–3.6) but not for patients aged 65–79 years. The multivariate logistic regression analysis did not show significant associations between malnutrition risk and hospital‐acquired falls.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that malnutrition risk is a predictor for in‐hospital falls in very old patients (≥80 years). In this patient group, the screening and assessment of nutritional status as well as nutritional interventions for the prevention/treatment of malnutrition risk should be considered as one important factor for successful fall prevention. Studies are necessary to assess the effect of nutritional interventions as part of a multifaceted fall‐prevention program. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 348–353.
A Randomized Trial to Evaluate OnabotulinumtoxinA for Prevention of Headaches in Adolescents With Chronic Migraine
Authors: Winner Paul K. , Kabbouche Marielle , Yonker Marcy , Wangsadipura Veronica , Lum Arlene , Brin Mitchell F. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveAs a post‐approval commitment, this dose‐ranging study was undertaken to evaluate efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in adolescents.BackgroundIn adolescents, migraine is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed and can present unique management challenges. OnabotulinumtoxinA was approved for prevention of chronic migraine (CM) in adults in 2010.MethodsThis multicenter, double‐blind, parallel‐group, randomized trial assessed a single treatment of onabotulinumtoxinA (155 U or 74 U) vs placebo (intramuscular saline) administered via the recommended fixed‐dose fixed site paradigm in adolescents with CM aged 12 to <18 years. The primary efficacy measure was change in frequency of headache days from baseline at week 12; other measures included change in frequency of headache days at weeks 4 and 8 and change in frequency of severe headache days. Safety and tolerability were assessed.ResultsOf 125 randomized patients (onabotulinumtoxinA 155 U, n = 45; onabotulinumtoxinA 74 U, n = 43; placebo, n = 37), all were included in the primary efficacy analysis, and 115 (92.0%) completed the study. Lack of efficacy was the primary reason for discontinuing (n = 4; 3.2%); no patients discontinued because of adverse events. All treatments reduced frequency of headache days at week 12, with no significant differences between treatments. The mean (95% confidence interval) changes from baseline in the frequency of headache days during the 28‐day period ending at week 12 (primary endpoint) were −6.3 (−8.5, −4.2), −6.4 (−8.8, −4.0), and −6.8 (−9.6, −4.1) days in the onabotulinumtoxinA 155 U, onabotulinumtoxinA 74 U, and placebo groups, respectively (P ≥ .474). All treatments reduced frequency of severe headache days and were well‐tolerated; serious adverse events (n = 3) were considered unrelated to treatment and resolved without sequelae. The most commonly reported treatment‐emergent adverse events were neck pain (n = 8), upper respiratory tract infection (n = 7), migraine, and nasopharyngitis (n = 5 each).ConclusionAlthough this study did not meet its efficacy endpoints, onabotulinumtoxinA was well tolerated in this adolescent population. Given previous data demonstrating the benefits of onabotulinumtoxinA in adults with CM, additional studies with design modifications, including adequate statistical power, to assess the efficacy of multiple treatment cycles of onabotulinumtoxinA for CM prevention in adolescents may be informative.
Justice through higher education: Revisiting White Paper 3 of 1997
Authors: Kumalo Siseko H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInterrogating the White Paper 3 of 1997 which upholds academic freedom, institutional autonomy and public accountability, I make the case for justice through higher education using public accountability. I argue that the higher education system in South Africa is capable of fulfilling such a role in the context of extreme injustices but not without a critical engagement of the extent and causes of these injustices and an understanding of their implications for academic curricula, practices and deeply embedded conceptions of knowledge. A redefinition of higher education institutions' public accountability in terms of responsibility to their ‘institutional locale’ or community (the populations whose needs they should be meeting) can be an effective ‘proactive tool’ with which higher education can redress social injustices. This requires an interrogation of the social, political and economic conditions of possibility that either inhibit or aid educational desire and attainment. An investigation of this nature entails a rigorous reappraisal of all three of the key principles within which higher education systems operate—academic freedom, institutional autonomy and public accountability—if they are to guard against the continued perpetuation of epistemic and social injustices.
New insights from old eggs – the shape and thickness of Great Auk Pinguinus impennis eggs
Authors: Birkhead Tim , Russell Douglas , Garbout Amin , Attard Marie , Thompson Jamie , Jackson Duncan 
Published: February 2020

We compared the shape and eggshell thickness of Great Auk Pinguinus impennis eggs with those of its closest relatives, the Razorbill Alca torda, Common Guillemot Uria aalge and Brünnich's Guillemot Uria lomvia, in order to gain additional insights into the breeding biology of the extinct Great Auk. The egg of the Great Auk was most similar in shape to that of Brünnich's Guillemot. The absolute thickness of the Great Auk eggshell was greater than that of the Common Guillemot and Razorbill egg, which is as expected given its greater size, but the relative shell thickness at the equator and pointed end (compared with the blunt end) was more similar to that of the Common Guillemot. On the basis of these and other results we suggest that Great Auk incubated in an upright posture in open habitat with little or no nest, where its pyriform egg shape provided stability and allowed safe manoeuvrability during incubation. On the basis of a recent phylogeny of the Alcidae, we speculate that a single brood patch, a pyriform egg and upright incubation posture, as in the Great Auk and the two Uria guillemots, is the ancestral state, and that the Razorbill – the Great Auk's closest relative – secondarily evolved two brood patches and an elliptical egg as adaptations for horizontal incubation, which provides flexibility in incubation site selection, allowing breeding in enclosed spaces such as crevices, burrows or under boulders, as well as on open ledges.
Microstructure design of CTAC:FA and BTAC:FA lamellar gels for optimized rheological performance utilizing automated formulation platform
Authors: Davies A.R. , Amin S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of this paper was to optimize hair conditioner performance through variation of composition utilizing automated cosmetic formulation platform and advanced characterization techniques as well as develop understanding of how performance (wet combing and wet lubrication) of hair conditioner is affected by its rheology (i.e. yield stress) and controlled breakdown of the formulations (dilution). The experimental results show that yield stress greatly impacts rheology, stability and performance of the lamellar gels for hair conditioning.MethodsAll samples were prepared on the Chemspeed Flex Formax. A mechanical rheometer was used to measure bulk viscosity and yield stress in each sample. Dia‐stron tensile tester was used to measure the lamellar gels ability to reduce combing force. Potential stronger lamellar gel network formation in the formed lamellar gels potentially leads to higher yield stress exhibited. Viscosity values were also measured after a controlled breakdown (i.e. dilution) of each sample. This was also carried out using a mechanical rheometer.ResultsYield stress of the formulations was engineered through composition variation and was recorded in each system. The highest yield stress value is 251.179 Pa at a BTAC/CA ratio of 6:10, and the lowest yield stress is 50.14 Pa at a BTAC/CA ratio of 6:5. The highest yield stress value is 50.14 Pa at a CTAC/CA ratio of 6:10, and the lowest yield stress is 19.98 Pa at a CTAC/CA ratio of 2:10. The highest overall yield stress values can also be observed in the BTAC/CA system, whereas the CTAC/CA system has relatively lower yield stress values. Dilution of each formulation caused a breakdown in viscosity of each formulation with the formulations with highest yield stress maintaining higher viscosity than the other formulations. The formulations with highest yield stress in each system which also maintains the highest dilution viscosity (6% BTAC/10% CA and 6% CTAC/10% CA) have the best effect on reducing overall combing force, that is from dry hair tress to wet hair tress and after product is rinsed off. At a BTAC/CA system of ratio 6:5, there is an 89% reduction in combing force and a 95% reduction in combing force in the BTAC/CA system of ratio 6:10. At a CTAC/CA system of ratio 2:10, there is a 65% reduction in combing force and a 88% reduction in combing force in the CTAC/CA system of ratio 6:10. A ‘conditioned’ soft feel was observed on each hair tress as the sample was applied and after it was rinsed off.ConclusionsThe overall performance of the lamellar gels for hair conditioning can be engineered through optimization of the formulation microstructure and formulation microstructure breakdown on dilution.
Evaluation of alumina reinforced oil fly ash composites prepared by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Ali Sadaqat , Ahmed Bilal Anjum , Irshad Hafiz Muzammil , Bakare Akolade Idris , Hakeem Abbas Saeed , Qamaruddin Muhammad , Ehsan Muhammad Ali , Ali Sameer , Azam Muhammad Umar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe thermomechanical behavior of micro/nano‐alumina (Al2O3) ceramics reinforced with 1‐5 wt.% of acid‐treated oil fly ash (OFA) was investigated. Composites were sintered using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique at a temperature of 1400°C by applying a constant uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa. It was evaluated that the fracture toughness of micro‐ and nanosized composites improved in contrast with the monolithic alumina. Highest fracture toughness value of 4.85 MPam1/2 was measured for the nanosized composite reinforced with 5 wt.% OFA. The thermal conductivity of the composites (nano‐/microsized) decreased with the increase in temperature. However, the addition of OFA (1‐5 wt.%) in nanosized alumina enhanced the thermal conductivity at an evaluated temperature. Furthermore, a minimum thermal expansion value of 6.17 ppm*K−1 was measured for nanosized Al2O3/5 wt.% OFA composite. Microstructural characterization of Al2O3‐OFA composites was done by x‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Oil fly ash particles were seen to be well dispersed within the alumina matrix. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the nano‐/microsized Al2O3/OFA composites shows that the mechanical and thermal properties were improved in nanosized alumina composites.
From Intended to Actual and Beyond: A Cross‐Disciplinary View of (Human Resource Management) Implementation
Authors: Trullen Jordi , Bos‐Nehles Anna , Valverde Mireia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite increasing interest in human resource management (HRM) implementation as an explanation for the association between HRM and firm performance, considerable confusion remains about what implementation means. In order to develop conceptual definitions of HRM implementation and implementation effectiveness, this study builds on three different literatures outside the HRM field (strategy, innovation, and change management), which have addressed this topic extensively. As a result, implementation is characterized as a dynamic process, involving the interaction among multiple actors, starting with the adoption of a new practice and ending with its routinization. This is distinguished from implementation effectiveness as an outcome of that process. The study helps to achieve construct clarity, hence providing a more solid basis for future research and allowing for a better consolidation of findings. The authors also develop an agenda for further research by reviewing a number of theoretical and methodological approaches that have been used in implementation research across fields, including HRM. Overall, the study aims to establish implementation research as a highly relevant academic and practical quest not only in HRM, but also in other management literatures.
Family history in primary hormone therapy for prostate cancer: Analysis from a community‐based multi‐institutional Japan‐wide database
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Onozawa Mizuki , Hinotsu Shiro , Eto Masatoshi , Naito Seiji , Akaza Hideyuki ,   the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer (J‐CaP)
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the association between hormone therapy and outcomes in a cohort of prostate cancer patients with a family history of prostate cancer.MethodsData of patients with prostate cancer who had received hormone therapy were extracted from a nationwide community‐based database established by the Japan Study Group for Prostate Cancer. Family history of prostate cancer was available for 13 346 of these patients, who thus comprised the study cohort. Prognostic variables, including progression‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival and overall survival, were compared between men with familial and men with sporadic prostate cancer.ResultsA positive family history was identified in 220 patients (1.6%). Patients with a positive family history were younger than those without; however, other clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses were comparable. In subgroup analysis, family history was identified as a possible favorable prognostic factor for overall survival among patients with a prostate‐specific antigen level at diagnosis <100 ng/mL and those with low or intermediate Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment.ConclusionsOur findings show that familial prostate cancer has an early‐onset feature or is diagnosed earlier than sporadic prostate cancer. However, the prognosis of individuals with familial prostate cancer undergoing hormone therapy is comparable to those with sporadic prostate cancer.