bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Reliability Analysis-Based Method for Manual Fire Suppression Analysis in an Integrated Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Authors: Sakurahara Tatsuya , Mohaghegh Zahra , Kee Ernie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fire is one of the most critical initiating events that can lead to core damage in nuclear power plants (NPPs). To evaluate the potential vulnerability of plants to fire hazards, fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is commonly conducted. Manual fire protection features, performed by the first responders (e.g., fire brigade), play a key role in preventing and mitigating fire-induced damage to the plant systems. In the current fire PRA methodology of NPPs, there are two main gaps in the modeling of manual fire protection features: (i) the quantification of the first responder performance is solely based on empirical data (industry-wide historical fire events), and so the plant-specific design and conditions cannot be explicitly considered; and (ii) interactions of first responders with fire propagation are not fully captured. To address these challenges, the authors develop a model-based approach, grounded on human reliability analysis (HRA) and coupled with the fire dynamics simulator (FDS), to model the first responder performance more realistically and consider the interface between the first responder performance and fire propagation more explicitly. In this paper, the HRA-based approach is implemented in an integrated PRA (I-PRA) methodological framework for fire PRA and applied to a switchgear room fire scenario of an NPP. The proposed model-based approach (a) adds more realism to fire PRA and so to risk assessment in NPPs and (b) provides opportunities for sensitivity and importance measure analyses with respect to design conditions; therefore, contributes to risk management in NPPs.
Toward Decarbonized Power Generation With Gas Turbines by Using Sequential Combustion for Burning Hydrogen
Authors: Bothien Mirko R. , Ciani Andrea , Wood John P. , Fruechtel Gerhard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Excess energy generation from renewables can be conveniently stored as hydrogen for later use as a gas turbine fuel. Also, the strategy to sequestrate CO2 from natural gas (NG) will require gas turbines to run with hydrogen-based fuels. In such scenarios, high temperature low emission combustion of hydrogen is a key requirement for the future gas turbine market. Ansaldo Energia's gas turbines featuring sequential combustion have an intrinsic advantage when it comes to fuel flexibility and in particular hydrogen-based fuels. The sequential combustion system is composed of two complementary combustion stages in series: one premix stage followed by an auto-ignited second stage overcoming the limits of traditional premix combustion systems through a highly effective extra tuning parameter, i.e., the temperature between the first and the second stage. The standard constant pressure sequential combustion (CPSC) system as applied in the GT36 engine is tested, at high pressure, demonstrating that a modified operation concept allows stable combustion with no changes in combustor hardware for the whole range of NG and hydrogen blends. It is shown that in the range from 0% to 70% (vol.) hydrogen, stable combustion is achieved at full nominal exit temperature, i.e., without any derating and thus clearly outperforming other available conventional premixed combustors. Operation between 70% and 100% is possible as well and only requires a mild reduction of the combustor exit temperature. By proving the transferability of the single-can high pressure results to the engine, this paper demonstrates the practicality of operating the Ansaldo Energia GT36 H-Class gas turbine on fuels containing unprecedented concentrations of hydrogen while maintaining excellent performance and low emissions both in terms of NOx and CO2.
Widely tunable compact terahertz gas lasers
Authors: Chevalier Paul , Amirzhan Arman , Wang Fan , Piccardo Marco , Johnson Steven G. , Capasso Federico , Everitt Henry O. 
Published: November 2019

Filling the terahertz gapCompared with other wavelengths, coherent sources of electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz regime are relatively scarce. Despite a number of applications in security imaging, spectroscopy, and chemical analysis, it has been experimentally challenging to produce such light. Chevalieret al.demonstrate an approach involving the excitation of a molecular gas with a quantum cascade laser. They show that they can tune into a broad range of desired wavelengths by carefully selecting the required molecular transition. A compact platform—the size of a shoe box—and widely tunable source of coherent terahertz radiation should find immediate application across a number of fields.Science, this issue p.856
Attosecond coherent manipulation of electrons in tunneling microscopy
Authors: Garg M. , Kern K. 
Published: November 2019

Shining a light on STM
Whereas ultrafast light pulses can provide a window into the dynamics of some of the fastest processes in condensed matter systems, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) provides snapshots of atomic-scale spatial resolution of surfaces. By irradiating the tunnel junction with carrier-enveloped, phase-stabilized femtosecond light pulses, Garg and Kern effectively combined the two methods to demonstrate a technique capable of both high temporal and high spatial resolution of the elementary processes in matter (see the Perspective by Aiello). By tracking the decay dynamics of plasmonic excitations on the surface of gold nanorods, they illustrate the power of the technique for the tracking and control of ultrafast electronic processes on the atomic scale.

Science
, this issue p.
411
; see also p.
368
Exploring the gap between diagnostic research outputs and clinical use of OCT for diagnosing glaucoma
Authors: Michelessi Manuele , Quaranta Luciano , Riva Ivano , Martini Enrico , Figus Michele , Frezzotti Paolo , Agnifili Luca , Manni Gianluca , Miglior Stefano , Posarelli Chiara , Fazio Stefano , Oddone Francesco 
Published: November 2019

AimsTo explore the gap between diagnostic research outputs and clinical use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucoma and assess the reliability of a specific reference database when applied to a morphological imaging parameter for diagnostic purposes.MethodsConsecutive subjects enrolled in the Multicenter Italian Glaucoma Imaging Study (MIGIS) have been included in this cross-sectional, comparative evaluation of diagnostic tests study. Patients underwent measurement of global and sectorial peripapillary retinal nerve fibre thickness (pRNFL) and minimum rim width (MRW) by OCT. The sensitivity and specificity of reference-database categorical classifications were calculated by means of 2×2 tables and sensitivity was compared with that of the corresponding continuous parameter extracted from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves by matching the specificity.Results280 Caucasian subjects have been included. At matched specificities, the sensitivity of pRNFL categorical classifications was statistically similar to that of the corresponding continuous parameters, whereas the sensitivity of the MRW categorical classifications was significantly lower than that of the corresponding continuous parameters.ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy of reference database classifications might be lower than that extrapolated from the ROC curves of continuous parameters used in diagnostic research. The gap between the accuracy of these two approaches may be used to estimate the reliability of a specific reference database when applied to a continuous parameter for diagnostic purposes.
DNA methylation changes and improved sleep quality in adults with obstructive sleep apnea and diabetes
Authors: Bigini Evelyn G , Chasens Eileen R , Conley Yvette P , Imes Christopher C 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among adults with diabetes. However, little is known about the impact of OSA treatment on DNA methylation levels. The purpose of this study is to explore changes in DNA methylation levels among adults with these conditions enrolled in a randomized controlled trial.Research design and methodsParticipants were randomized to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment or sham-CPAP placebo for 12 weeks. All participants received diabetes education and counseling. At baseline and 12 weeks, white blood cell DNA methylation levels for five candidate genes (ANGPTL4,DAPK3,KAT5,PER1, andTNFAIP3) and hemoglobin A1C (A1C) levels were obtained from blood. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) assessed sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, respectively. T-tests examined within-subject changes from baseline to 12 weeks. Regression analyses explored associations between DNA methylation changes and baseline variables, minutes of therapeutic CPAP use, and changes in A1C levels, PSQI scores, and ESS scores.ResultsParticipants (n=10) were 70% female, 80% white, and 61.7±7.9 years old. Among all participants from baseline and 12 weeks,TNFAIP3andPER1DNA methylation levels decreased. At baseline,PER1methylation levels were significantly higher in males and sex-based difference in methylation level changes was observed from baseline to 12 weeks. Changes in DNA methylation levels were not associated with minutes of therapeutic CPAP use or changes in A1C, PSQI scores, and ESS scores.ConclusionsWhile DNA methylation level changes were observed in the study, the causal mechanism is unclear and additional work is needed. Although the methylation changes were small, the long-term effects are unknown.
Screening of genetic variants inELANEmutation negative congenital neutropenia by next generation sequencing
Authors: Arunachalam Arun Kumar , Suresh Hemamalini , Edison Eunice Sindhuvi , Korula Anu , Aboobacker Fouzia N , George Biju , Shaji Ramachandran V , Mathews Vikram , Balasubramanian Poonkuzhali 
Published: November 2019

AimsCongenital neutropenia (CN) is a rare inherited disease that results in recurrent, life-threatening bacterial infections due to a deficiency of mature neutrophils. They are usually caused by heterozygousELANEmutations although mutations in other genes likeHAX-1, G6PC3andGFI1have also been reported. Identifying the causative mutation aids in the establishment of diagnosis and rules out other secondary causes of neutropenia like autoimmune cytopenia and evolving aplasia. We aimed to identify the molecular defects in CN patients who had no mutations inELANEgene, by next generation sequencing (NGS) targeting a customised panel of genes.MethodsDNA samples were sequenced with an Illumina NextSeq sequencer using an in-house customised panel of genes at ≥100× depth. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out and the pathogenic variants were identified using a stepwise filtering and analysis strategy. Specific mutations identified were subsequently validated by Sanger sequencing.ResultsThe pathogenic variants identified in the study includes previously reported variants inSBDS(compound heterozygous c.258+2T>C and c.1A>T),GATA2(heterozygous c.1186C>T) and novel variants inWAS(hemizygous c.812T>C),JAGN1(homozygous c.70G>A) andRTEL1(heterozygous c.2893G>C) genes.ConclusionThis study highlights that the absence ofELANEmutations does not rule out the diagnosis of CN and this NGS based approach with a customised panel will help in diagnostic confirmation in such patients. The early onset of the disease, clinical severity and associated high risk of malignant transformation in CN strongly suggests the need for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
Community-based cooking programme ‘Eat Better Feel Better’ can improve child and family eating behaviours in low socioeconomic groups
Authors: Garcia Ada Lizbeth , Athifa Nurie , Hammond Elizabeth , Parrett Alison , Gebbie-Diben Anne 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe immediate and sustained impacts of the Eat Better Feel Better cooking programme (EBFBCP) on food choices and eating behaviours in families and children were evaluated.MethodsThe EBFBCP (6 weeks, 2 hours/week) was delivered by community-based organisations in Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Scotland. Before, after and at follow-up, parents/caregivers completed short pictorial questionnaires to report family/child eating behaviours and food literacy.ResultsIn total, 83 EBFBCPs were delivered and 516 participants enrolled, of which 432 were parents and caregivers. Questionnaire completion rates were 57% (n=250) for before and after and 13% (n=58) for follow-up. Most participants (80%) were female, 25–44 years old (51%) and considered socioeconomically deprived (80%). The immediate effects of the EBFBCP on eating behaviours and food literacy were families ate less takeaway/fast foods (10% reduction, p=0.019) and ready meals (15% reduction, p=0.003) and cooked more from scratch (20% increase, p<0.001). Children’s consumption of discretionary food/drinks was significantly reduced after the EBFBCP for sugary drinks (10% reduction, p=0.012), savoury snacks (18%, p=0.012), biscuits (17%, p=0.007), sweets/chocolates (23%, p=0.002), fried/roasted potatoes (17%, p<0.001) and savoury pastries (11%, p<0.001). The number of fruit (15%, p=0.008) and vegetable portions (10%, p<0.001) increased, while the number of biscuit portions decreased (13%, p=0.005). Parental food label reading increased (calories, 22%; fat, 23%; sugar, 22%; ingredients, 19%; and portion size, 19%). Most changes were sustained at a median of 10 months’ follow-up.ConclusionThe EBFBCP improved children’s and families’ food choices and behaviours. The EBFBCP can be recommended to support families to make better food choices.
AC charge transport in holographic Horndeski gravity
Authors: Wang Xi-Jing , Liu Hai-Shan , Li Wei-Jia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the AC charge transport in the holographic Horndeski gravity and identify a metal-semiconductor like transition that is driven by the Horndeski coupling. Moreover, we fit our numeric data by the Drude formula in slow relaxation cases.
Constraints on mapping the Lounesto’s classes
Authors: Bueno Rogerio R. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe so-called Lounesto’s classification engenders six distinct classes of spinors, divided into two sectors: one composed by regular spinors (single-helicity spinors) and the other composed by singular spinors (comprising dual-helicity spinors). In the present essay we develop a mechanism to fully define the right class within the Lounesto’s classification a spinor belongs to, without necessity to evaluate the 16 bilinear forms. The analysis lies in the following criteria: a judicious inspection of the phases factor present in both spinor’s components. Thus, the machinery developed here works for both regular and singular spinors. Taking advantage of the present algorithm, we analyse, under certain conditions, the possibility to transmute between the six classes.
Black hole shadow with a cosmological constant for cosmological observers
Authors: Firouzjaee Javad T. , Allahyari Alireza 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigate the effect of the cosmological constant on the angular size of a black hole shadow. It is known that the accelerated expansion which is created by the cosmological constant changes the angular size of the black hole shadow for static observers. However, the shadow size must be calculated for the appropriate cosmological observes. We calculate the angular size of the shadow measured by cosmological comoving observers by projecting the shadow angle to this observer rest frame. We show that the shadow size tends to zero as the observer approaches the cosmological horizon. We estimate the angular size of the shadow for a typical supermassive black hole, e.g M87. It is found that the angular size of the shadow for cosmological observers and static observers is approximately the same at these scales of mass and distance. We present a catalog of supermassive black holes and calculate the effect of the cosmological constant on their shadow size and find that the effect could be $$3\ precent$$3precent for distant sources.
BTMonitor
Authors: Zhou Jia , Joshi Prachi , Zeng Haibo , Li Renfa 
Published: November 2019

With the rapid growth of connectivity and autonomy for today’s automobiles, their security vulnerabilities are becoming one of the most urgent concerns in the automotive industry. The lack of message authentication in Controller Area Network (CAN), which is the most popular in-vehicle communication protocol, makes it susceptible to cyber attack. It has been demonstrated that the remote attackers can take over the maneuver of vehicles after getting access to CAN, which poses serious safety threats to the public.
To mitigate this issue, we propose a novel intrusion detection system (IDS), called BTMonitor (Bit-time-based CAN Bus Monitor). It utilizes the small but measurable discrepancy of bit time in CAN frames to fingerprint their sender Electronic Control Units (ECUs). To reduce the requirement for high sampling rate, we calculate the bit time of recessive bits and dominant bits, respectively, and extract their statistical features as fingerprint. The generated fingerprint is then used to detect intrusion and pinpoint the attacker. BTMonitor can detect new types of masquerade attack that the state-of-the-art clock-skew-based IDS is unable to identify. We implement a prototype system for BTMonitor using Xilinx Spartan 6 FPGA for data collection. We evaluate our method on both a CAN bus prototype and a real vehicle. The results show that BTMonitor can correctly identify the sender with an average probability of 99.76% on the real vehicle.
Glacier Change and Paleoclimate Applications of Cosmogenic-Nuclide Exposure Dating
Authors: Balco Greg 
Published: November 2019

Surface exposure dating using cosmic-ray-produced nuclides has been applied to determine the age of thousands of landforms produced by alpine glaciers in mountain areas worldwide. These data are potentially an extensive, easily accessible, and globally distributed paleoclimate record. In particular, exposure-dated glacier chronologies are commonly applied to study the dynamics of massive, abrupt climate changes characteristic of the transition between the Last Glacial Maximum and the present interglacial climate. This article reviews developments in exposure dating from the perspective of whether this goal is achievable and concludes that ( a) individual exposure-dated landforms cannot, in general, be associated with millennial-scale climate events at high confidence, but ( b) dating uncertainties appear to be geographically and temporally unbiased, so the data set as a whole can be used to gain valuable insight into regional and global paleoclimate dynamics. Future applications of exposure-age chronologies of glacier change should move away from reliance on individual dated landforms and toward synoptic analysis of the global data set. ▪  Mountain glaciers worldwide leave a geologic record of their past advances and retreats, which reflect past climate changes. ▪  Geochemical dating methods based on cosmic-ray-produced nuclides have been used to date these deposits at thousands of sites worldwide. ▪  This data set is potentially an extensive, accessible, and globally distributed paleoclimate record.
Personalized Cancer Therapy: YES1 Is the New Kid on the Block
Authors: Rai Kunal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The key bottleneck for the continued success of precision medicine in cancer lies in identifying more targetable genes and associated efficacious clinically usable inhibitors. In this issue of Cancer Research, Hamanaka and colleagues identify YES1 kinase as a targetable cancer target and generate an effective chemical inhibitor for YES1 and demonstrate its efficacy in YES1-amplified tumors.
See related article by Hamanaka et al., p. 5734
Sustained Therapeutic Efficacy of Humanized Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Heng Gang , Jia Jiankun , Li Shiqi , Fu Gang , Wang Meiling , Qin Dabing , Li Yunyan , Pei Li , Tian Xiaobo , Zhang Jiasi , Wu Yi , Xiang Shali , Wan Jia , Zhu Wei , Zhang Pei , Zhang Qianzhen , Peng Xi , Wang Linling , Wang Ping , Wei Zhihao , Zhang Yingzi , Wang Guiqin , Chen Xue , Zhang Chengcheng , Sun Yanni , Zhao Wenxu , Fan Yahan , Yang Zhi , Chen Jieping , Qian Cheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Immunogenicity derived from the murine scFv, a major molecular compomemt of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), may limit the persistence of CAR T cells, resulting in tumor relapse of patients in complete remission (CR). In this study, we developed a humanized anti-CD19 scFv CAR-T (hCAR-T) to treat patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r ALL).

Patients and Methods:
In this one-arm, open-labeled study, we infused the T cells modified with hCAR to patients with r/r ALL. Patients were evaluated with long-term follow-up for response and safety of the treatment. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02349698).

Results:
Ten patients with r/r ALL were recruited for this study. All were response evaluable and all achieved CR; eight patients remained CR, and six were in CR for over 18 months without further treatment. A long-term persistence of hCAR T cells was observed in most of the patients. Among these patients, four of them with high tumor burden and rapidly progressive disease (median, 58%) experienced grade 3–4 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. These severe CRSs were successfully controlled by tocilizumab, glucocorticoid, and plasma exchange.

Conclusions:
T cells expressing the humanized anti-CD19 scFv CARs exhibited sustained therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of r/r ALL. Low replase rate was associated with the long-term persistence of CAR T cells.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Score Allows a Reliable Prediction of Mortality in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Managed by Fibrinolytic Therapy
Authors: Malinova Vesna , Iliev Bogdan , Mielke Dorothee , Rohde Veit 
Published: November 2019

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Prognosis estimation would be helpful for the treatment decision making in ICH patients. The ICH-score was published in 2001 to estimate the 30-day mortality in conservatively treated patients with ICH. We evaluated the reproducibility of the ICH-score in ICH patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with supratentorial ICH managed by fibrinolytic therapy and evaluated the 30-day mortality. The ICH-score was then applied to match the mortality in our patients with the mortality predicted by the ICH-score. The ICH-score is based on parameters available at admission: age, hematoma volume, intraventricular expansion, and clinical status according to the Glasgow Coma Scale. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 233 patients were analyzed. The 30-day mortality rate was 30% (70/233). An age of ≥80 years was associated with a significantly higher mortality rate (OR 2.26, chi-square test <i>p</i> = 0.01). A hematoma volume of ≥30 mL led significantly more often to 30-day mortality (OR 3.72, chi-square test <i>p</i> = 0.01). The mortality was significantly higher in the patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (2.97, chi-square test <i>p</i> = 0.003). The ICH-score showed a significant correlation with mortality (chi-square test, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). The following mortality rates were estimated using the ICH-score in our cohort: 1 = 0% (0/13), 2 = 0% (0/51), 3 = 1.3% (1/82), 4 = 43% (13/31), 5 = 100% (56/56). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The ICH-score not only allows a reliable estimation of the 30-day mortality in patients with ICH treated conservatively but also treated by clot lysis. Compared to conservative treatment, the fibrinolytic therapy reduced the 30-day mortality in the patients with ICH-scores 1–4. Patients with ICH-score 5 do not have a benefit of fibrinolytic therapy and should no longer be considered to be candidates for fibrinolytic therapy.