bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A less‐invasive totally‐endovascular (LITE) technique for trans‐femoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Burzotta Francesco , Aurigemma Cristina , Romagnoli Enrico , Shoeib Osama , Russo Giulio , Zambrano Aniello , Verdirosi Diana , Leone Antonio Maria , Bruno Piergiorgio , Trani Carlo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe and report the results of an original technique for trans‐femoral (TF) transcatheter‐aortic‐valve‐replacement (TAVR).BackgroundTF approach represents the commonest TAVR technique. The best technique for TF‐TAVR is not recognized.MethodsWe developed a less‐invasive totally‐endovascular (LITE) technique for TF‐TAVR. The key aspects are:
precise TAVR access puncture using angiographic‐guidewire‐ultrasound guidance
radial approach as the “secondary access” (to guide valve positioning, to check femoral‐access hemostasis and to manage eventual access‐site complications)
non‐invasive pacing (by retrograde left ventricle stimulation or by definitive pace‐maker external programmer)
The LITE technique has been systematically adopted at our Institution. Procedure details, complications and clinical events occurring during hospitalization were prospectively recorded. Major vascular complications and life‐threatening or major bleedings were the primary study end‐points.ResultsA total of 153 consecutive patients referred for TF‐TAVR were approached using the LITE technique. Mean predicted surgical operative mortality was 4.9% and mean TAVR predicted mortality was 3.9%. In 132 (86.3%) patients, TAVR was completed without the need for additional femoral artery access or transvenous temporary pace‐maker implantation. Major vascular complications occurred in 2 (1.3%), life‐threatening or major bleedings occurred in 4 (2.6%) patients. All‐cause death occurred in 3 patients (2.0%).ConclusionsTF‐TAVR according to LITE technique is feasible and is associated with very low rates of vascular or bleeding complications.
Application of the SCAI classification in a cohort of patients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Schrage Benedikt , Dabboura Salim , Yan Isabell , Hilal Rafel , Neumann Johannes T. , Sörensen Nils A. , Goßling Alina , Becher Peter Moritz , Grahn Hanno , Wagner Tobias , Seiffert Moritz , Kluge Stefan , Reichenspurner Hermann , Blankenberg Stefan , Westermann Dirk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) have recently proposed a new classification of cardiogenic shock (CS) dividing patients into five subgroups.ObjectiveAim of this study was to apply the SCAI classification to a cohort of patients presenting with CS and to evaluate its ability to predict 30‐day survival.MethodsSCAI CS subgroups were interpreted based on the recent consensus statement and then applied to N = 1,007 consecutive patients presenting with CS or large myocardial infarction (MI) between October 2009 and October 2017. The association between SCAI classification and 30‐day all‐cause mortality was assessed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsMean age in the study cohort was 67 (±15) years, 72% were male. Mean lactate at baseline was 6.05 (±5.13) mmol/l and 51% of the patients had prior cardiac arrest. Overall survival probability was 50.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 47.5–54.0%). In view of the SCAI classification, the survival probability was 96.4% (95% CI 93.7–99.0%) in class A, 66.1% (95% CI 50.2–87.1%) in class B, 46.1% (95% CI 40.6–52.4%) in class C, 33.1% (95% CI 26.6–41.1%) in class D, and 22.6% (95% CI 17.1–30.0%) in class E. Higher SCAI classification was significantly associated with lower 30‐day survival (p < .01).ConclusionIn this large clinical cohort, the SCAI classification was significantly associated with 30‐day survival. This finding supports the rationale of the SCAI CS classification and calls for a validation in a prospective trial.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with progressive anemia secondary to development of composite lymphoma
Authors: McGinnis Eric , England James T. , Craig Jeffrey W. , Moshref Razavi Habib 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeterioration of hematologic parameters in lymphoma patients is often attributed to disease progression, comorbidities, or treatment effects. Second primary malignancies occur at increased frequency in CLL and must also be considered.
Learning curve for transcatheter aortic valve replacement for native aortic regurgitation: Safety and technical performance study
Authors: Liu Lulu , Zhang Jian , Peng Ying , Shi Jun , Qin Chaoyi , Qian Hong , Xiao Zhenghua , Guo Yingqiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a fundamentally new procedure for the treatment of native aortic regurgitation (AR). The number of cases needed to gain proficiency with the procedure is unknown.HypothesisThis study aimed to evaluate the learning curve for TAVR for native AR.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed a prospective database from 134 consecutive native AR patients who underwent the J‐valve TAVR system, which performed by a single team interventional cardiologist. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) method was used to analyze the learning curve. Patients were divided into two groups in chronological order, defined by the surgeon's early (group 1: the first 52 cases) and skilled (group 2: the next 82 cases) experience. Demographic data, intraoperative characteristics, and short‐term surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsCUSUM plots revealed decreasing procedure time and fluoroscopy time after patients 52 and 43, respectively. The patient date consistently demonstrated that high‐risk scores and major perioperative parameters were comparable between the two groups. The use of contrast dye (group 1, 94.22 ± 30.07 mL; group 2, 70.43 ± 15.02 mL, P<.05), total procedure time (group 1, 84.96 ± 17.76 minutes; group 2, 59.95 ± 12.83 minutes, P<.05), and fluoroscopy time (group 1, 11.52 ± 3.81 minutes; group 2, 6.47 ± 1.53 minutes, P<.05) were significantly reduced in group 2. The overall device success rate in group 1 was 96.2% vs 96.3% in group 2 and remained high (P = 1.0). The overall 30‐day mortality was 3.8% in group 2 (group 1, 0 to group 2, 3.8%; P = .16). The complications rate, such as pulmonary hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease were higher in group 2.ConclusionsFor a surgeon without previous TAVR experience, 52 cases of performance is the minimal requirement to gain the proficiency of TAVR for native AR. The skilled surgeons have been observed with reduced procedural time, fluoroscopy times, radiation exposure dose, and contrast volume usage. However, the overall prognosis was not significantly different between the two groups.
Emerging roles of the centrosome in neuronal development
Authors: Meka Durga Praveen , Scharrenberg Robin , Calderon de Anda Froylan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe role of the centrosome—a microtubule‐organizing center—in neuronal development has been under scrutiny and is controversial. The function and position of the centrosome have been shown to play an important role in selecting the position of axon outgrowth in cultured neurons and in situ. However, other studies have shown that axonal growth is independent of centrosomal functions. Recent discoveries define the centrosome as an F‐actin organizing organelle in various cell types; thus, giving a whole new perspective to the role of the centrosome in lymphocyte polarity, cell division, and neuronal development. These discoveries compel the need to revisit centrosomal functions by investigating the fundamental mechanisms that regulate centrosomal F‐actin remodeling during neuronal differentiation and polarization. In this review, we summarize the up‐to‐date knowledge regarding the function of the centrosome in neuronal differentiation. We put special emphasis on recent findings describing the centrosome as an F‐actin organizing center. Additionally, with the available data regarding centrosome, microtubules and F‐actin organization, we provide a model on how centrosomal F‐actin could be modulating neuronal differentiation and polarity.
How To Produce Methane Precursor in the Upper Ocean by An Untypical Non‐Heme Fe‐Dependent Methylphosphonate Synthase?
Authors: Yan Ji‐Fan , Chen Shi‐Lu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new methane formation pathway, which uses methylphosphonate (MPn) as the methane precursor, has been discovered in the upper ocean. Methylphosphonate synthase (MPnS) is a key piece in this pathway to produce MPn from 2‐hydroxyethylphosphonate (2‐HEP), using an untypical 2‐His‐1‐Gln non‐heme iron architecture. Herein, the MPnS reaction mechanism was demonstrated by the density functional calculations to mainly include the substrate hydroxyl deprotonation, the formation of a MPn radical and a formate, and the hydrogen abstraction of formate by MPn radical. The second‐shell Lys28’ may serve as a proton reservoir activating 2‐HEP and regenerating the Fe site. The Fe‐bound superoxide radical is a bifunctional species to deprotonate the substrate hydroxyl and abstract the substrate methylene hydrogen. Several alternative mechanisms have been ruled out. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of MPnS was found to be inactivated/reduced by the mutation of Gln152E/Gln152H/Gln152D, rendering a significant evolutionary advantage with an uncommon 2‐His‐1‐Gln triad introduced to the ferrous coordination sphere.
Space‐charge‐limited current of vacuum arc thruster
Authors: Zhang Tianping , Chang Lei , Hu Xinyue , Wang Runlong , Zhang Huijie , Wu Xianming , Sun Xinfeng , Hu Ning 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo optimize thrust performance, the expression of space‐charge‐limited current for vacuum arc thruster is derived from Poisson's equation. The commonly used ring‐type and coaxial‐type vacuum arc thrusters are simplified to the equivalent current sheet in planar geometry and cylindrical capacitor, respectively, for this calculation. Both the spatial distribution and peak magnitude of space‐charge‐limited current are given explicitly, together with their dependences on gap distance, applied voltage, charge number, and ion mass. For typical experimental parameters of the vacuum arc thruster, it is shown that the maximum current density drops significantly when the gap distance becomes large and grows when the applied voltage increases; moreover, a cathode material of lower atomic weight yields a higher current density. The expressions of total current for these two types of vacuum arc thruster are also presented. This work, to our best knowledge, is the first application of space‐charge‐limited current to the vacuum arc thruster and practically very interesting for engineering design.
Interrelated ecological impacts of climate change on an apex predator
Authors: Laidre Kristin L. , Atkinson Stephen , Regehr Eric V. , Stern Harry L. , Born Erik W. , Wiig Øystein , Lunn Nicholas J. , Dyck Markus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClimate change has broad ecological implications for species that rely on sensitive habitats. For some top predators, loss of habitat is expected to lead to cascading behavioral, nutritional, and reproductive changes that ultimately accelerate population declines. In the case of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), declining Arctic sea ice reduces access to prey and lengthens seasonal fasting periods. We used a novel combination of physical capture, biopsy darting, and visual aerial observation data to project reproductive performance for polar bears by linking sea ice loss to changes in habitat use, body condition (i.e., fatness), and cub production. Satellite telemetry data from 43 (1991–1997) and 38 (2009–2015) adult female polar bears in the Baffin Bay subpopulation showed that bears now spend an additional 30 d on land (90 d in total) in the 2000s compared to the 1990s, a change closely correlated with changes in spring sea ice breakup and fall sea ice formation. Body condition declined for all sex, age, and reproductive classes and was positively correlated with sea ice availability in the current and previous year. Furthermore, cub litter size was positively correlated with maternal condition and spring breakup date (i.e., later breakup leading to larger litters), and negatively correlated with the duration of the ice‐free period (i.e., longer ice‐free periods leading to smaller litters). Based on these relationships, we projected reproductive performance three polar bear generations into the future (approximately 35 yr). Results indicate that two‐cub litters, previously the norm, could largely disappear from Baffin Bay as sea ice loss continues. Our findings demonstrate how concurrent analysis of multiple data types collected over long periods from polar bears can provide a mechanistic understanding of the ecological implications of climate change. This information is needed for long‐term conservation planning, which includes quantitative harvest risk assessments that incorporate estimated or assumed trends in future environmental carrying capacity.
Modular chromosome rearrangements reveal parallel and nonparallel adaptation in a marine fish
Authors: Kess Tony , Bentzen Paul , Lehnert Sarah J. , Sylvester Emma V. A. , Lien Sigbjørn , Kent Matthew P. , Sinclair‐Waters Marion , Morris Corey , Wringe Brendan , Fairweather Robert , Bradbury Ian R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGenomic architecture and standing variation can play a key role in ecological adaptation and contribute to the predictability of evolution. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), four large chromosomal rearrangements have been associated with ecological gradients and migratory behavior in regional analyses. However, the degree of parallelism, the extent of independent inheritance, and functional distinctiveness of these rearrangements remain poorly understood. Here, we use a 12K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to demonstrate extensive individual variation in rearrangement genotype within populations across the species range, suggesting that local adaptation to fine‐scale ecological variation is enabled by rearrangements with independent inheritance. Our results demonstrate significant association of rearrangements with migration phenotype and environmental gradients across the species range. Individual rearrangements exhibit functional modularity, but also contain loci showing multiple environmental associations. Clustering in genetic distance trees and reduced differentiation within rearrangements across the species range are consistent with shared variation as a source of contemporary adaptive diversity in Atlantic cod. Conversely, we also find that haplotypes in the LG12 and LG1 rearranged region have diverged across the Atlantic, despite consistent environmental associations. Exchange of these structurally variable genomic regions, as well as local selective pressures, has likely facilitated individual diversity within Atlantic cod stocks. Our results highlight the importance of genomic architecture and standing variation in enabling fine‐scale adaptation in marine species.
Generalist Eimeria species in rodents: Multilocus analyses indicate inadequate resolution of established markers
Authors: Jarquín‐Díaz Víctor Hugo , Balard Alice , Mácová Anna , Jost Jenny , Roth von Szepesbéla Tabea , Berktold Karin , Tank Steffen , Kvičerová Jana , Heitlinger Emanuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Intracellular parasites of the genus Eimeria are described as tissue/host‐specific. Phylogenetic classification of rodent Eimeria suggested that some species have a broader host range than previously assumed. We explore whether Eimeria spp. infecting house mice are misclassified by the most widely used molecular markers due to a lack of resolution, or whether, instead, these parasite species are indeed infecting multiple host species.

With the commonly used markers (18S/COI), we recovered monophyletic clades of E. falciformis and E. vermiformis from Mus that included E. apionodes identified in other rodent host species (Apodemus spp., Myodes glareolus, and Microtus arvalis). A lack of internal resolution in these clades could suggest the existence of a species complex with a wide host range infecting murid and cricetid rodents. We question, however, the power of COI and 18S markers to provide adequate resolution for assessing host specificity. In addition to the rarely used marker ORF470 from the apicoplast genome, we present multilocus genotyping as an alternative approach. Phylogenetic analysis of 35 nuclear markers differentiated E. falciformis from house mice from isolates from Apodemus hosts. Isolates of E. vermiformis from Mus are still found in clusters interspersed with non‐Mus isolates, even with this high‐resolution data.

In conclusion, we show that species‐level resolution should not be assumed for COI and 18S markers in coccidia. Host–parasite cospeciation at shallow phylogenetic nodes, as well as contemporary coccidian host ranges more generally, is still open questions that need to be addressed using novel genetic markers with higher resolution.
Ocean currents and the population genetic signature of fish migrations
Authors: Krueck Nils C. , Treml Eric A. , Innes David J. , Ovenden Jennifer R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnimal migrations are a fascinating and global phenomenon, yet they are often difficult to study and sometimes poorly understood. Here, we build on classic ecological theory by hypothesizing that some enigmatic spawning migrations across coastal marine habitats can be inferred from the population genetic signature of larval dispersal by ocean currents. We test this assumption by integrating spatially realistic simulations of alternative spawning migration routes, associated patterns of larval dispersal, and associated variation in the population genetic structure of eastern Australian sea mullet (Mugil cephalus). We then use simulation results to assess the implications of alternative spawning destinations for larval replenishment, and we contrast simulated against measured population genetic variation. Both analyses suggest that the spawning migrations of M. cephalus in eastern Australia are likely to be localized (approximately 100 km along the shore), and that spawning is likely to occur in inshore waters. Our conclusions are supported by multiple lines of evidence available through independent studies, but they challenge the more traditional assumption of a single, long‐distance migration event with subsequent offshore spawning in the East Australian Current. More generally, our study operationalizes classic theory on the relationship between fish migrations, ocean currents, and reproductive success. However, rather than confirming the traditionally assumed adaptation of migratory behavior to dominant ocean current flow, our findings support the concept of a genetically measurable link between fish migrations and local oceanographic conditions, specifically water temperature and coastal retention of larvae. We believe that future studies using similar approaches for high resolution and spatially realistic ecological–genetic scenario testing can help rapidly advance our understanding of key ecological processes in many other marine species.
Metabolic insight into bacterial community assembly across ecosystem boundaries
Authors: Wisnoski Nathan I. , Muscarella Mario E. , Larsen Megan L. , Peralta Ariane L. , Lennon Jay T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe movement of organisms across habitat boundaries has important consequences for populations, communities, and ecosystems. However, because most species are not well adapted to all habitat types, dispersal into suboptimal habitats could induce physiological changes associated with persistence strategies that influence community assembly. For example, high rates of cross‐boundary dispersal are thought to maintain sink populations of terrestrial bacteria in aquatic habitats, but these bacteria may also persist by lowering their metabolic activity, introducing metabolic heterogeneity that buffers the population against species sorting. To differentiate between these assembly processes, we analyzed bacterial composition along a hydrological flow path from terrestrial soils through an aquatic reservoir by sequencing the active and total (active + inactive) portions of the community. When metabolic heterogeneity was ignored, our data were consistent with views that cross‐boundary dispersal is important for structuring aquatic bacterial communities. In contrast, we found evidence for strong species sorting in the active portion of the aquatic community, suggesting that dispersal may have a weaker effect than persistence strategies on aquatic community assembly. By accounting for metabolic heterogeneity in complex communities, our findings clarify the roles of local‐ and regional‐scale assembly processes in terrestrial‐aquatic meta‐ecosystems.
Examination of the dielectrophoretic spectra of MCF7 breast cancer cells and leukocytes
Authors: Çağlayan Zeynep , Demircan Yalçın Yağmur , Külah Haluk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood is crucial to assess metastatic progression and to guide therapy. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a powerful cell surface marker‐free method that allows intrinsic dielectric properties of suspended cells to be exploited for CTC enrichment/isolation from blood. Design of a successful DEP‐based CTC enrichment/isolation system requires that the DEP response of the targeted particles should accurately be known. This paper presents a DEP spectrum method to investigate the DEP spectra of cells without directly analyzing their membrane and cytoplasmic properties in contrast to the methods in literature, which employ theoretical assumptions and complex modeling. Integrating electric field simulations based on DEP theory with the experimental data enables determination of the DEP spectra of leukocyte subpopulations, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes, and MCF7 breast cancer cells as a model of CTC due to their metastatic origin over the frequency range 100 kHz–50 MHz at 10 Vpp. In agreement with earlier findings, differential DEP responses were detected for mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes due to the richness of the cell surface features and morphologies of the different leukocyte types. The data reveal that the strength of the DEP force exerted on MCF7 cells was particularly high between 850 kHz and 20 MHz. These results illustrate that the proposed technique has the potential to provide a generic platform to identify DEP responses of different biological particles.