bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate‐related geographical variation in performance traits across the invasion front of a widespread non‐native insect
Authors: Thompson Lily M. , Powers Sean D. , Appolon Ashley , Hafker Petra , Milner Lelia , Parry Dylan , Agosta Salvatore J. , Grayson Kristine L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimInvasive species are ideal systems for testing geographical differences in performance traits and measuring evolutionary responses as a species spreads across divergent climates and habitats. The European gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar disparL. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a generalist forest defoliator introduced to Medford, Massachusetts, USA in 1869. The invasion front extends from Minnesota to North Carolina and the ability of this species to adapt to local climate may contribute to its continuing spread. We evaluated the performance of populations along the climatic gradient of the invasion front to test for a relationship between climate and ecologically important performance traits.LocationEastern United States of AmericaTaxonLymantria dispar disparL. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)MethodsInsects from 14 populations across the US invasion front and interior of the invasive range were reared from hatch to adult emergence in six constant temperature treatments. The responses of survival, pupal mass and larval development time were analysed as a function of source climate (annual mean normal temperature), rearing temperature and their interaction using multiple polynomial regression.ResultsWith the exception of female development time, there were no significant interactions between source climate and rearing temperature, indicating little divergence in the shape of thermal reaction norms among populations. Source population and rearing temperature were significant predictors of survival and pupal mass. Independent of rearing temperature, populations from warmer climates had lower survival than those from colder climates, but attained larger body size despite similar development times. Larval development time was dependent on rearing temperature, but there were not consistent relationships with source climate.Main ConclusionsThermal adaptation can be an important factor shaping the spread of invasive species, particularly in the context of climate change. Our results suggest thatL. d. disparis highly plastic, but has undergone climate‐related adaptation in thermal performance and life‐history traits as it spread across North America.
Effects of salt intervention on serum levels of Klotho influenced by salt sensitivity
Authors: Hu Jia‐Wen , Chu Chao , Shi Tao , Yan Yang , Mu Jian‐Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKlotho was involved in sodium reabsorption and the regulation of blood pressure. Animal studies indicated Klotho deficiency could mediate the development of salt‐sensitive hypertension, indicating its correlation with salt sensitivity. We aimed to explore the responses of Klotho to salt intake through dietary intervention in Chinese adults. Forty‐four participants were enrolled from Lantian county of Shaanxi, China. All participants sequentially underwent a 3‐day normal diet, a 7‐day low‐Na+ diet, and a 7‐day high‐Na+ diet. The concentrations of serum Klotho were assessed by using ELISA kits. Serum level of Klotho was 360.44 ± 93.89 pg/mL at baseline and increased while changed to low‐salt diet (478.65 ± 183.25 vs 360.44 ± 93.89 pg/mL, P < .001). During high‐salt diet, serum Klotho decreased to 354.37 ± 98.16 pg/mL (P < .001, compared to low‐salt diet). The overall responses of Klotho were more prominent in salt‐resistant participants. Serum Klotho of salt‐resistant group changed from 353.92 ± 97.65 pg/mL to 496.76 ± 196.21 pg/mL while changed from normal diet to low‐salt diet (P < .001) and decreased to 350.37 ± 99.50 pg/mL during high‐salt intake (P < .001). Furthermore, the response of serum Klotho to low‐salt intervention was much greater in salt‐resistant individuals than in salt‐sensitive ones. The responses of serum Klotho to dietary salt intervention were influenced by salt sensitivity, which was more prominent in salt‐resistant participants.
Investigating associations between birth order and autism diagnostic phenotypes
Authors: Alvares Gail A. , Licari Melissa K. , Stevenson Paul G. , Bebbington Keely , Cooper Matthew N. , Glasson Emma J. , Tan Diana W. , Uljarević Mirko , Varcin Kandice J. , Wray John , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundBirth order effects have been linked to variability in intelligence, educational attainment and sexual orientation. First‐ and later‐born children have been linked to an increased likelihood of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis, with a smaller body of evidence implicating decreases in cognitive functioning with increased birth order. The present study investigated the potential association between birth order and ASD diagnostic phenotypes in a large and representative population sample.MethodsData were obtained from an ongoing prospective diagnostic registry, collected between 1999 and 2017, including children (1–18 years of age, n = 5,404) diagnosed with ASD in the state of Western Australia. Children with ASD were ranked relative to sibling’s birth to establish birth order within families at time of ASD diagnosis. Information reported to the registry by health professionals at the time of diagnostic evaluation included demographic and family characteristics, functional abilities and intellectual capacity.ResultsAdaptive functioning and intelligence scores decreased with increasing birth order, with later‐born children more likely to have an intellectual disability. Compared to first‐born children with siblings, first‐born children without siblings at the time of diagnosis also exhibited decreased cognitive functioning.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate for the first time an association between increasing birth order and variability in ASD clinical phenotypes at diagnosis, with potential evidence of reproductive curtailment in children without siblings. Taken together, these findings have significant implications for advancing understanding about the potential mechanisms that contribute to heterogeneity in ASD clinical presentations as a function of birth order and family size.
Conflicting roles for humans in learning health systems and AI‐enabled healthcare
Authors: Kasperbauer T. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe goals of learning health systems (LHS) and of AI in medicine overlap in many respects. Both require significant improvements in data sharing and IT infrastructure, aim to provide more personalized care for patients, and strive to break down traditional barriers between research and care. However, the defining features of LHS and AI diverge when it comes to the people involved in medicine, both patients and providers. LHS aim to enhance physician‐patient relationships while developments in AI emphasize a physicianless experience. LHS also encourage better coordination of specialists across the health system, but AI aims to replace many specialists with technology and algorithms. This paper argues that these points of conflict may require a reconsideration of the role of humans in medical decision making. Although it is currently unclear to what extent machines will replace humans in healthcare, the parallel development of LHS and AI raises important questions about the exact role for humans within AI‐enabled healthcare.
Impact of feed restriction, chloroquine and deoxynivalenol on viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb in fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque
Authors: Liu Juan‐Ting , Lumsden John S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutophagy can markedly alter host response to infectious disease, and several studies have demonstrated that a restricted diet or deoxynivalenol modulates autophagy and reduces mortality of fish due to bacterial disease. The picture is less clear for viral diseases of fish. Duplicate tanks of fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, were fed a replete diet (control), 100 µM chloroquine, 5 µM deoxynivalenol, 10% (fasted) or 40% of a replete diet (pair‐fed) for 2 weeks and then experimentally infected by intraperitoneal injection with 2 × 105 viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb. Survival from highest to lowest for the different treatments was as follows: deoxynivalenol (average 43.3%); control (40.0%); pair‐fed (35.0%); fasted (33.3%); and chloroquine (21.7%). No treatment significantly altered the survival rate of fathead minnow after VHSV IVb infection when compared to controls; however, the fish fed with chloroquine had significantly lower survival rate than the fish fed deoxynivalenol (p < .05).
How Do Claims‐Based Measures of End‐of‐Life Care Compare to Family Ratings of Care Quality?
Authors: Christian Thomas J. , Hassol Andrea , Brooks Gabriel A. , Gu Qian , Kim Seyoun , Landrum Mary Beth , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVESAssess whether frequently‐used claims‐based end‐of‐life (EOL) measures are associated with higher ratings of care quality.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTING/PARTICIPANTSDeceased fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries with cancer who underwent chemotherapy during July 2016 to January 2017 and died within 12 months and their caregiver respondents to an after‐death survey (n = 2,559).MEASUREMENTSWe examined claims‐based measures of EOL care: chemotherapy 14 days or more before death; inpatient admissions, intensive care unit (ICU) use, and emergency department (ED) visits 30 days or more before death; hospice election and the timing of election before death. Primary outcomes are family ratings of “excellent” care in the last month of life and reports that hospice care began “at the right time.” Associations were assessed with logistic regression, adjusted by patient characteristics.RESULTSFamily rated EOL care as excellent less often, if within 30 days before death the cancer patient had inpatient admissions (1 hospitalization = 41.5% vs 51.5% none, adjusted difference −10.1 percentage points), ICU use (38.6% for any ICU use vs 47.4% none; adjusted difference −8.8 percentage points), ED visits (41.0% 1 visit vs 51.6% no visits; adjusted difference −10.6 percentage points), or elected hospice within 7 days before death. Among hospice enrollees, family more often reported that hospice began at the right time if it started at least 7 days before death (hospice 1–2 days before death 60.2% vs hospice 7–13 days 74.9%; adjusted difference +14.7 percentage points).CONCLUSIONSClaims‐based measures of EOL care for cancer patients that reflect avoidance of hospital‐based care and earlier hospice enrollment are associated with higher ratings of care quality by bereaved family members.
Effects of running exercises on reaction time and working memory in individuals with intellectual disability
Authors: Affes S. , Borji R. , Zarrouk N. , Sahli S. , Rebai H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study explored the effect of running exercises at low [30% heart rate reserve (HRR)] and moderate (60%HRR) intensities on cognitive performances in individuals with intellectual disability (ID).MethodsParticipants performed randomly reaction time (RT) tests: visual RT [simple RT (SRT) and choice RT (CRT)], auditory SRT (ASRT) and working memory (WM) (Corsi test) before and after the exercises.ResultsThe results showed that after both exercises, SRT decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in both groups with higher extent (P < 0.05) at 60%HRR compared with 30%HRR. CRT decreased (P < 0.01), similarly, after the both exercises in both groups with higher (P < 0.001) extent in the intellectual disability group (IDG). ASRT decreased significantly, at 30%HRR, in IDG (P < 0.001) and in control group (CG) (P < 0.01) with greater extent in IDG (P < 0.001). At 60%HRR, ASRT decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001) with greater extent in IDG (P < 0.001). The ΔASRT% was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 30%HRR compared with 60%HRR in IDG. In CG, no significant (P = 0.21) difference was reported between intensities. The Corsi forward and the Corsi backward scores increased significantly (P < 0.01) in both groups after both intensities with higher extent in IDG (P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur results suggest that low and moderate running exercises improve similarly simple and choice visual RT as well as WM in individuals with ID. Furthermore, low‐intensity exercise could be more appropriate to enhance ASRT compared the moderate one in these individuals. Therefore, low‐intensity exercise seems to be an efficient strategy to improve cognitive performances in individuals with ID.
The role of knowledge and self‐efficacy on dental consultation behavior of patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kudoh Rie , Shibayama Taiga , Hidaka Kikue 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the association of knowledge and self‐efficacy as variables for behavior related to dental consultations among patients with type 2 diabetes, depending on the diagnosis of periodontal disease at a general hospital in Japan.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 198 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age: 66.1 ± 10.1 years, men: 56.6%, mean glycated hemoglobin: 7.3 ± 1.0%). The self‐efficacy of patients with periodontal disease was assessed using the Self‐Efficacy Scale for Self‐Care. Knowledge was measured using five dichotomous items based on reference to clinical guidelines. Dental consultation behavior was assessed from regular dental checkup behavior.ResultsIn total, 31.8% of participants attended their regular dental checkup in the last year. Logistic regression analysis revealed that dental consultation behavior was positively associated with self‐efficacy among patients diagnosed with periodontal disease (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–1.45), and positively associated with the knowledge among patients not diagnosed with periodontal disease (OR = 1.54, 95%, CI: 1.09 − 2.16).ConclusionPatients without periodontal disease need to learn about accurate knowledge regarding periodontal disease as a complication of diabetes and its prevention via dental checkups. Supportive consultation to improve self‐efficacy with respect to dental consultations should be offered to patients with periodontal disease. Medical professionals will be able to support each patient with type 2 diabetes by changing the educational approach for promoting regular dental checkups at the time of diabetes consultations.
Role of Ten eleven translocation‐2 (Tet2) in modulating neuronal morphology and cognition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Liping , Miao Miao , Chen Jiarui , Liu Zhitao , Li Wanyi , Qiu Yisha , Xu Shujun , Wang Qinwen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAbnormal expression of Ten eleven translocation‐2 (Tet2) contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, to date, the role of Tet2 in modulating neuronal morphology upon amyloid‐β (Aβ)‐induced neurotoxicity has not been shown in a mouse model of AD. Here, we have developed a model of injured mouse hippocampal neurons induced by Aβ42oligomers in vitro. We also investigated the role of Tet2 in injured neurons using recombinant plasmids‐induced Tet2 inhibition or over‐expression. We found that the reduced expression of Tet2 exacerbated neuronal damage, whereas the increased expression of Tet2 was sufficient to protect neurons against Aβ42toxicity. Our results indicate that the brains of aged APPswe/PSEN1 double‐transgenic (2 × Tg‐AD) mice exhibit an increase in Aβ plaque accumulation and a decrease in Tet2 expression. As a result, we have also explored the underlying mechanisms of Tet2 in cognition and amyloid load in 2 × Tg‐AD mice via adeno‐associated virus‐mediated Tet2 knockdown or over‐expression. Recombinant adeno‐associated virus was microinjected into bilateral dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus of the mice. Knocking down Tet2 in young 2 × Tg‐AD mice resulted in the same extent of cognitive dysfunction as aged 2 × Tg‐AD mice. Importantly, in middle‐aged 2 × Tg‐AD mice, knocking down Tet2 accelerated the accumulation of Aβ plaques, whereas over‐expressing Tet2 alleviated amyloid burden and memory loss. Furthermore, our hippocampal RNA‐seq data, from young 2 × Tg‐AD mice, were enriched with aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and miRNAs that are modulated by Tet2. Tet2‐modulated lncRNAs (Malat1, Meg3, Sox2ot, Gm15477, Snhg1) and miRNAs (miR‐764, miR‐211, and miR‐34a) may play a role in neuron formation. Overall, these results indicate that Tet2 may be a potential therapeutic target for repairing neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in AD.image
Clinical Effectiveness of a Self‐Regulation Theory–Based Self‐Management Intervention for Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Authors: Kao Mei‐Hua , Tsai Yun‐Fang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine if there are long‐term effects of a self‐management intervention guided by self‐regulation theory for adults with knee osteoarthritis at 6 and 12 months after completing the intervention.DesignThis long‐term follow‐up study used a longitudinal quasi‐experimental design with repeated measures.MethodsA convenience sample of 127 patients with knee osteoarthritis who were 45 to 64 years of age were recruited from outpatient clinics in Taiwan. The Self‐Management Needs of Knee Osteoarthritis Scale was used to assess self‐management needs at enrollment (baseline). To evaluate the long‐term effects, participants were reassessed at 6 and 12 months after the intervention using the following questionnaires: The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Healthcare Outcomes, and the Short‐Form Health Survey. Generalized estimating equations compared assessments at baseline with scores at 6 and 12 months following completion of the intervention. Multiple regression was used to examine significant factors associated with the assessments.FindingsParticipants had moderate levels of self‐management needs. When assessments at 6 months were compared with baseline, scores for knee symptoms and physical function and quality of life showed significant improvements; significant reductions were seen in body mass index, unplanned medical consultations, and pain medication doses. Assessments at 12 months compared with baseline measures indicated these improvements were maintained. These improvements were significant from baseline measures at both 6 months and 12 months after adjustments were made for time and other significant variables.ConclusionsTwelve months after completion of the intervention, the significant improvements seen at 6 months were maintained. Our findings demonstrate that the self‐management intervention had significant long‐term effects on knee symptoms and physical function, body mass index and pain medication doses, and overall quality of life for patients with moderate self‐management needs of knee osteoarthritis.Clinical RelevanceClinical care of knee osteoarthritis that includes a self‐regulation theory–based self‐management intervention could provide long‐term benefits to patients.
Sacral co‐ossification in dinosaurs: The oldest record of fused sacral vertebrae in Dinosauria and the diversity of sacral co‐ossification patterns in the group
Authors: Moro Débora , Kerber Leonardo , Müller Rodrigo T. , Pretto Flávio A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe fusion of the sacrum occurs in the major dinosaur lineages, i.e. ornithischians, theropods, and sauropodomorphs, but it is unclear if this trait is a common ancestral condition, or if it evolved independently in each lineage, or even how or if it is related to ontogeny. In addition, the order in which the different structures of the sacrum are fused, as well as the causes that lead to this co‐ossification, are poorly understood. Herein, we described the oldest record of fused sacral vertebrae within dinosaurs, based on two primordial sacral vertebrae from the Late Triassic of Candelária Sequence, southern Brazil. We used computed microtomography (micro‐CT) to analyze the extent of vertebral fusion, which revealed that it occurred only between the centra. We also assessed the occurrence of sacral fusion in Dinosauria and close relatives. The degree of fusion observed in representatives of the major dinosaur lineages suggested that there may be a sequential pattern of fusion of the elements of the sacrum, more clearly observed in Sauropodomorpha. Our analyses suggest that primordial sacral vertebrae fuse earlier in the lineage (as seen in Norian sauropodomorphs). Intervertebral fusion is observed to encompass progressively more vertebral units as sauropodomorphs evolve, reaching up to five or more fully fused sacrals in Neosauropoda. Furthermore, the new specimen described here indicates that the fusion of sacral elements occurred early in the evolution of dinosaurs. Factors such as ontogeny and the increase in body size, combined with the incorporation of vertebrae to the sacrum may have a significant role in the process and in the variation of sacral fusion observed.
Simple method to distinguish the type of fetal premature contraction using arterial Doppler time interval measurements
Authors: Teramachi Yozo , Maeno Yasuki , Hirose Akiko , Horinouchi Takashi , Kozuma Yutaka , Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Suda Kenji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to establish a simple method to distinguish premature ventricular contractions (PVC) from premature atrial contractions (PAC) using a fetal Doppler ultrasound arterial pulse waveform to measure time intervals between sinus node restarting.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 14 fetuses with premature contraction (8 with PAC, 6 with PVC). We measured two distinct parts of time intervals using an arterial pulsed‐wave Doppler: the two consecutive waveforms just before the premature contraction (2‐V interval) and two consecutive waveforms including the premature contraction (XV interval) to measure time intervals between sinus node restarting. We then evaluated the time difference between the 2‐V and XV intervals in PVC compared to PAC.ResultsFor PVC, the difference between the 2‐V interval and the XV interval was significantly shorter than that for PAC. A cut‐off point of 33 ms, where a difference ≤33 ms was clearly shown to be associated with a PVC and a difference more than 33 ms signified a PAC was demonstrated.ConclusionThe 2‐V and XV interval measurements, used to measure time intervals between sinus node restarting, could easily distinguish PVC from PAC in utero. Therefore, this study could potentially be a feasible and effective method for obstetricians or sonographers to employ usefully.
Mental Health Services in the United States Public High Schools
Authors: Shelton Andrea J. , Owens Emiel W. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMental health services in the United States public schools are an important component of the academic success of a student. Not all schools, however, have the necessary personnel and funding to offer such services.METHODSIn this paper, we provide an analysis of data collected from schools in 3 geographic locations. Comparisons were made of the availability of personnel to assess and treat mental health disorders in students enrolled in city, urban, and suburban schools, with over 10,000 schools represented. The data were part of the 2015 to 2016 School Survey on Crime and Safety.RESULTSAccessibility of mental health practitioners and reasons that limited efforts of a school to provide the services were assessed. Statistically significant differences were identified by school location, demonstrating that those in rural communities were most challenged providing diagnostic assessment and treatment for students by school mental health professionals, for several reasons.CONCLUSIONSIncreased state and county funding to support mental health practitioners in public high schools is one suggestion to address mental health disorders in students. Other strategies are offered for timely and appropriate diagnoses and treatment for mental health disorders that may impact the quality of life of a student for a lifetime.