bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fazit
Authors: Prochazka Fabian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Arbeit war, Vertrauen in journalistische Medien vor dem Hintergrund des digitalen Strukturwandels von Medien und Öffentlichkeit zu untersuchen. Im Mittelpunkt stand dabei mit dem generalisierten Vertrauen in Journalismus eine allgemeine Attitüde gegenüber dem Journalismus als solchem. Die Forschungsfragen wurden in vier Fragenblöcken systematisiert: 1) Grundlagen und Verständnis von Vertrauen in Journalismus aus Sicht der Rezipient_innen sowie die Zusammenhänge von Vertrauen in Journalismus mit 2) allgemeinen Personenmerkmalen, 3) Diskrepanzen aus Erwartungen an Journalismus und der Wahrnehmung seiner Berichterstattung sowie 4) der Informationsnutzung, wobei hier insbesondere der Kontakt mit alternativen Ereignisdarstellungen und Medienkritik im Internet im Mittelpunkt stand.
Online-Befragung – Ergebnisse
Authors: Prochazka Fabian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie folgenden Kapitel stellen die Befunde der quantitativen Befragung vor. Zu Beginn werden die deskriptiven Ergebnisse zu den Untersuchungskomplexen Vertrauen in Journalismus, Qualitätserwartungen und -wahrnehmungen sowie Informationsnutzung beschrieben. Da in den folgenden Kapiteln jeweils Elemente aus allen diesen Bereichen aufgegriffen werden, steht die deskriptive Darstellung am Anfang.
On Cycle Transversals and Their Connected Variants in the Absence of a Small Linear Forest
Authors: Dabrowski Konrad K. , Feghali Carl , Johnson Matthew , Paesani Giacomo , Paulusma Daniël , Rzążewski Paweł 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA graph isH-free if it contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to H. We prove new complexity results for the two classical cycle transversal problemsFeedback Vertex SetandOdd Cycle Transversalby showing that they can be solved in polynomial time on$$(sP_1+ P_3)$$(sP1+P3)-free graphs for every integer$$s\ge 1$$s≥1. We show the same result for the variantsConnected Feedback Vertex SetandConnected Odd Cycle Transversal. We also prove that the latter two problems are polynomial-time solvable on cographs; this was already known forFeedback Vertex SetandOdd Cycle Transversal. We complement these results by proving thatOdd Cycle TransversalandConnected Odd Cycle Transversalare -complete on$$(P_2+ P_5,P_6)$$(P2+P5,P6)-free graphs.
Doing Good, Feeling Good? Entrepreneurs’ Social Value Creation Beliefs and Work-Related Well-Being
Authors: Brieger Steven A. , De Clercq Dirk , Meynhardt Timo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEntrepreneurs with social goals face various challenges; insights into how these entrepreneurs experience and appreciate their work remain a black box though. Drawing on identity, conservation of resources, and person–organization fit theories, this study examines how entrepreneurs’ social value creation beliefs relate to their work-related well-being (job satisfaction, work engagement, and lack of work burnout), as well as how this process might be influenced by social concerns with respect to the common good. Using data from the German Public Value Atlas 2015 and 2019 and the Swiss Public Value Atlas 2017, a three-study design analyzes three samples of entrepreneurs in Germany and Switzerland. Study 1 reveals that entrepreneurs report higher job satisfaction when they believe their organization creates social value. Study 2 indicates that these beliefs relate negatively to work burnout; entrepreneurs’ perceptions of having meaningful work mediate this relationship. Study 3 affirms and extends these results by showing that a sense of work meaningfulness mediates the relationship between social value creation beliefs and work engagement and that this mediating role is more prominent among entrepreneurs with strong social concerns. This investigation thus identifies a critical pathway—the extent to which entrepreneurs experience their work activities as important and personally meaningful—that connects social value creation beliefs with enhanced work-related well-being, as well as how this process might vary with a personal orientation that embraces the common good.
Non-equilibrium Phenomena in Superconductors Probed by Femtosecond Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Demsar J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDevelopment of ultrafast lasers and nonlinear optical techniques over the last two decades provides tools to access real-time dynamics of low energy excitations in superconductors. For example, time-resolved THz spectroscopy and time- and angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy provide access to the real-time dynamics of the superconducting gap amplitude. Such studies enable determination of microscopic parameters like quasi-particle recombination rates, pair-breaking rates and electron–boson coupling constants. Recently, intense THz pulses have been used to probe the nonlinear dynamics, including observation of collective modes. Moreover, using low-frequency electromagnetic pulses, there are several reports of amplification of superconductivity in both conventional and unconventional superconductors. Starting with a brief historical overview of the pioneering work, where non-equilibrium phenomena in superconductors were investigated using quasi-continuous excitation, we review some of the insights that are provided by using real-time approaches. We focus on conventional BCS superconductors, whose ground state is reasonably well understood, and address similarities and open questions related to the corresponding studies in high-$${T}_{c}$$

T
c

superconductors.
Mean values of skewed distributions in the bibliometric assessment of research units
Authors: Schmoch Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNearly all distributions in bibliometrics are skewed. In particular, the distribution of citations of publications by research units is skewed. In a statistical view, the calculation of mean values can imply misleading or even wrong information. However, in citation analysis, the calculation of mean values of skewed distributions are standard. Therefore, when ranking research units, it is recommended instead to replace the calculation of standard mean values by the calculation of adjusted mean values to exclude outliers with very high citations and those with very few or no citations as well. Such an adjusted mean value is oriented on the standard activity of a research unit and results in a more adequate assessment. This approach is based on the Hirsch-index concept. The calculation results in a different ranking of research units, which may be important in cases where the distribution of finances depends on bibliometric rankings. In addition, a differentiation between standard activities and excellent results is possible, thus opening two dimensions of the assessment of research units.
Pillarization (‘Verzuiling’). On Organized ‘Self-Contained Worlds’ in the Modern World
Authors: Hellemans Staf 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMovements and groups abound in modern society. Sometimes, a movement or group succeeds in mobilizing a large section of the population and thoroughly knitting it together, by building a pervasive subculture and by setting up a vast interrelated network of organizations, resulting in a seemingly impenetrable and powerful bloc. This happened to different degrees in most Western countries, including the United States and Canada. It is also occurring now in the non-Western world. Belgium and the Netherlands were particularly affected by extensive bloc building. In both countries, Catholic, Socialist, and Liberal pillars – plus a Protestant pillar in the Netherlands – divided society and determined political and social life from the late nineteenth century up to the late twentieth century. As a consequence, the phenomenon has been studied there more thoroughly and under a specific label, ‘verzuiling’ (pillarization). The first section of this article offers a review of pillarization theory in the Netherlands, Belgium and elsewhere. In the second part, to advance the study of organized blocs all over the world, I argue for a broad, international perspective on pillarization against the particularistic tendencies of many pillarization researchers, especially in the Netherlands. In a shorter third part, I address the isolation of pillarization theory from general sociological theory. Self-reinforcing processes of segregation and organization in large population groupings were and still are a common feature in the modern world. They have resulted in more than one case in divided societies.
An Update on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gunasekara Maheshi Y. , Mezincescu Alice M. , Dawson Dana K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide an update on the use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Recent Findings
Long-term prognosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may not be as clear-cut as previously thought. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging not only allows differentiation between reversible and nonreversible changes but has an emerging role in identifying cellular level changes associated with prognostic indicators such as myocardial energetics using 31P-CMR spectroscopy and detection of myocardial inflammation overlying myocardial oedema, using ultrasmall paramagnetic iron oxide particle uptake in macrophages.

Summary
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a non-ischemic acute heart failure syndrome. It is commonly triggered by emotional or physical stress and is possibly the strongest psychosomatic interaction seen in medicine. While clinically its presentation mimics a myocardial infarction, the acute imaging characteristics are critical in correctly identifying the disease entity.
A Systematic Review of the Use and Quality of Qualitative Methods in Concept Elicitation for Measures with Children and Young People
Authors: Husbands Samantha , Mitchell Paul Mark , Coast Joanna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundQualitative research is recommended in concept elicitation for patient-reported outcome measures to ensure item content validity, and those developing measures are encouraged to report qualitative methods in detail. However, in measure development for children and young people, direct research can be challenging due to problems with engagement and communication.ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to (i) explore the qualitative and adapted data collection techniques that research teams have used with children and young people to generate items in existing measures and (ii) assess the quality of qualitative reporting.MethodsThree electronic databases were searched with forward citation and reference list searching of key papers. Papers included in the review were empirical studies documenting qualitative concept elicitation with children and young people. Data on qualitative methods were extracted, and all studies were checked against a qualitative reporting checklist.ResultsA total of 37 studies were included. The quality of reporting of qualitative approaches for item generation was low, with information missing on sampling, data analysis and the research team, all of which are key to facilitating judgements around measure content validity. Few papers reported adapting methods to be more suitable for children and young people, potentially missing opportunities to more meaningfully engage children in concept elicitation work.ConclusionsResearch teams should ensure that they are documenting detailed and transparent processes for concept elicitation. Guidelines are currently lacking in the development and reporting of item generation for children, with this being an important area for future research.
Applications of probability and statistics in cancer genomics
Authors: Ma Xiaotu , Arunachalam Sasi , Liu Yanling 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe past decade has witnessed a rapid progress in our understanding of the genetics of cancer and its progression. Probabilistic and statistical modeling played a pivotal role in the discovery of general patterns from cancer genomics datasets and continue to be of central importance for personalized medicine.ResultsIn this review we introduce cancer genomics from a probabilistic and statistical perspective. We start from (1) functional classification of genes into oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, then (2) demonstrate the importance of comprehensive analysis of different mutation types for individual cancer genomes, followed by (3) tumor purity analysis, which in turn leads to (4) the concept of ploidy and clonality, that is next connected to (5) tumor evolution under treatment pressure, which yields insights into cancer drug resistance. We also discuss future challenges including the non‐coding genomic regions, integrative analysis of genomics and epigenomics, as well as early cancer detection.ConclusionWe believe probabilistic and statistical modeling will continue to play important roles for novel discoveries in the field of cancer genomics and personalized medicine.
Self-Blame Mediates the Link between Childhood Neglect Experiences and Internalizing Symptoms in Low-Risk Adolescents
Authors: Tanzer Michal , Salaminios George , Morosan Larisa , Campbell Chloe , Debbané Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChildhood neglect is the most common type of maltreatment, ranging from minor isolated incidents to consistent failures in emotional/physical caregiving. It has been associated with developmental impairments and considered a risk factor for the emergence of psychopathology, particularly internalizing disorders. This study aimed to explore individual differences in response to the continuum of severity of neglect in community adolescents, as well as the role of specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERSs) as mediators between childhood neglect and current internalizing symptoms. Low-risk adolescents (12–19 years old; M age 15.88 years; N = 123; 64 Females) completed questionnaires assessing these experiences. We employed a regression model and a simple mediation analyses. Findings indicate a positive association between childhood neglect, internalizing behaviors, and the adoption of self-blame as CERS. Moreover, the use of self-blame in response to everyday stress partially mediated the relationship between neglect and internalizing behaviors (effect size: .28). Findings support the hypothesis that even in a low risk sample, neglect is associated with internalizing symptoms, and highlight the importance of assessing individual differences in the experience of neglect. Moreover, the mediation effect of the CERSs of self-blame might serve as a potential target for psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at reducing internalizing symptoms.
Religion und gesellschaftliche Differenzierung: Sozialhistorische Analysen zur Emergenz der europäischen Moderne
Authors: Pollack Detlef 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel des vorliegenden Aufsatzes besteht darin zu prüfen, inwieweit die soziologische Differenzierungstheorie das Potential besitzt, den Beitrag der Religion zur Herausbildung der europäischen Moderne verständlich zu machen. Um die Frage nach dem religiösen Einfluss auf die Entstehung der modernen Welt differenzierungstheoretisch behandeln zu können, ist es zunächst erforderlich, das gebrauchte theoretische Instrumentarium zu erläutern. Es muss dargelegt werden, worin die wesentlichen Aussagen der Differenzierungstheorie bestehen, und es ist notwendig anzugeben, welcher Begriff von Moderne vorausgesetzt wird. Daraufhin erfolgt die historische Analyse.Methodologisch stellt der Text insofern eine Verbindung zwischen problemorientierten theoretischen Grundsatzüberlegungen und historisch-hermeneutischen Interpretationen dar.Als Resultat der Untersuchung können wir feststellen, dass sich am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts die Umrisse einer sich neu herausbildenden Gesellschaftsformation erkennen lassen: einer funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft. Sowohl auf der sozialstrukturellen Ebene als auch auf der Ebene des Diskurses sind zu diesem Zeitpunkt die Prozesse einer Differenzierung unterschiedlicher Wert- und Gesellschaftssphären weit vorangeschritten. Ging die römische Kirche im Hochmittelalter in der Behauptung einer sozial unableitbaren theologischen Eigenrationalität der Entstehung von Differenzierungsformen voran, so bildeten sich in jahrhundertelangen gegenläufigen Prozessen zum Ausgang des 18. Jahrhunderts die Weichen für die Emergenz der europäischen Moderne heraus.
The Explanation of Eating Disorders: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Hawkins-Elder Hannah , Ward Tony 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEating disorders (EDs) are one of the most severe and complex mental health problems facing researchers and clinicians today. The effective prevention and treatment of these conditions is therefore of paramount importance. However, at present our treatments fall short: generally demonstrating only poor to moderate efficacy, and often completely ineffective for severe or chronic cases. A possible reason for this is that the current theories underlying these treatments are flawed. In this paper, we review and evaluate several prominent theoretical explanations associated with current frontline and promising treatments for ED. In doing so, we identify fundamental problems within the construction of current ED explanations and their implications for treatment. In response to these findings, we propose several strategies for the construction of future ED explanations which we believe have the power to ameliorate these problems and potentially help to develop more efficacious treatment downstream.
Universal masking in hospitals in the COVID-19 era: Is it time to consider shielding?
Authors: Advani Sonali D. , Smith Becky A. , Lewis Sarah S. , Anderson Deverick J. , Sexton Daniel J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith concerns for presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 and increasing burden of contact tracing and employee furloughs, several hospitals have supplemented pre-existing infection prevention measures with universal masking of all personnel in hospitals. Other hospitals are currently faced with the dilemma of whether or not to proceed with universal masking in a time of critical mask shortages. We summarize the rationale behind a universal masking policy in healthcare settings, important considerations before implementing such a policy and the challenges with universal masking. We also discusses proposed solutions such as universal face shields.
Firn cold content evolution at nine sites on the Greenland ice sheet between 1998 and 2017
Authors: Vandecrux B. , Fausto R. S. , van As D. , Colgan W. , Langen P. L. , Haubner K. , Ingeman-Nielsen T. , Heilig A. , Stevens C. M. , MacFerrin M. , Niwano M. , Steffen K. , Box J.E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent sea-level rise partly stems from increased surface melting and meltwater runoff from the Greenland ice sheet. Multi-year snow, also known as firn, covers about 80% of the ice sheet and retains part of the surface meltwater. Since the firn cold content integrates its physical and thermal characteristics, it is a valuable tool for determining the meltwater-retention potential of firn. We use gap-filled climatological data from nine automatic weather stations in the ice-sheet accumulation area to drive a surface-energy-budget and firn model, validated against firn density and temperature observations, over the 1998–2017 period. Our results show a stable top 20 m firn cold content (CC20) at most sites. Only at the lower-elevation Dye-2 site did CC20decrease, by 24% in 2012, before recovering to its original value by 2017. Heat conduction towards the surface is the main process feeding CC20at all nine sites, while CC20reduction occurs through low-cold-content fresh-snow addition at the surface during snowfall and latent-heat release when meltwater refreezes. Our simulations suggest that firn densification, while reducing pore space for meltwater retention, increases the firn cold content, enhances near-surface meltwater refreezing and potentially sets favourable conditions for ice-slab formation.
Observation of resistive Weibel instability in intense laser plasma
Authors: Krishnamurthy S. , Makur K. , Ramakrishna B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe observe experimentally periodic proton beam filamentation in laser-produced dense plasma using multilayered (CH–Al–CH) sandwich targets. The accelerated MeV proton beams from these targets exhibit periodic frozen filaments up to 5–10 µm as a result of resistive Weibel instabilities in the expanding plasma. The evolution of strong self-generated resistive magnetic fields at the targets interface is attributed to such plasma effects, which are supported, by our theory and simulations. We suggest that the resistive Weibel instability could be effectively employed to understand the evolution of magnetic fields in laser-generated plasma in the astrophysics scenario or the advanced fast igniter approach of the inertial confinement fusion.
Class, Ethnicity, and Cooperation Among Women: Evidence from a Public Goods Experiment in Lebanon
Authors: Marshall Leslie , Paler Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile recent evidence suggests that women exhibit a high capacity to cooperate in all-women groups, existing research focuses on how women cooperate among themselves versus in mixed-gender situations. We still know little, however, about how social differences among women affect their collective action capacity. We examine this by implementing a public goods experiment in Lebanon in which 713 women and men were randomly assigned to play in same-gender groups that were either homogeneous or heterogeneous in their class and sectarian compositions. We show that women contribute significantly less in mixed-class groups while men contribute more, reinforcing that this pattern is unique to women. We also demonstrate that class differences can undermine women’s cooperation more than sectarian differences. These findings highlight how social differences – and class differences in particular – can impede women’s collective action capacity, revealing the potential barriers to building broad, gender-based coalitions to advance women’s rights and interests.
Human β-defensin 3 gene modification promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells and bone repair in periodontitis
Authors: Li Lingjun , Jiang Han , Chen Rixin , Zhou Jing , Xiao Yin , Zhang Yangheng , Yan Fuhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEfforts to control inflammation and achieve better tissue repair in the treatment of periodontitis have been ongoing for years. Human β-defensin 3, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide has been proven to have a variety of biological functions in periodontitis; however, relatively few reports have addressed the effects of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) on osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the osteogenic effects of hPDLCs with an adenoviral vector encoding human β-defensin 3 in an inflammatory microenvironment. Then human β-defensin 3 gene-modified rat periodontal ligament cells were transplanted into rats with experimental periodontitis to observe their effects on periodontal bone repair. We found that the human β-defensin 3 gene-modified hPDLCs presented with high levels of osteogenesis-related gene expression and calcium deposition. Furthermore, the p38 MAPK pathway was activated in this process. In vivo, human β-defensin 3 gene-transfected rat PDLCs promoted bone repair in SD rats with periodontitis, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway might also have been involved. These findings demonstrate that human β-defensin 3 accelerates osteogenesis and that human β-defensin 3 gene modification may offer a potential approach to promote bone repair in patients with periodontitis.