bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early experience of Sacubitril–Valsartan in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in real‐world clinical setting
Authors: Nordberg Backelin Charlotte , Fu Michael , Ljungman Charlotta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsSacubitril/Valsartan (Sac/Val) was proven more effective than enalapril for symptomatic patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This study aimed to investigate eligibility, titration, and tolerability for Sac/Val in a real‐world clinical setting.Methods and resultsThis retrospective cohort study consists of two parts. In Part 1 (eligibility study), all patients discharged from Sahlgrenska University Hospital due to HF were consecutively included during 1 year. Data from the patients' medical records were collected. Patients were adjudicated to be eligible based on European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria for angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) with the exception of N‐terminal (NT)‐proBNP levels. Patients who received <50% of target dose angiotensin‐converting enzyme/angiotensin receptor blocker and otherwise fulfilled ESC criteria were adjudicated to be potentially eligible. In Part 2 (tolerability study), all patients receiving Sac/Val during the same period were included. Medical data regarding dose, titration, and adverse effects and events were registered. A total of 1355 patients (mean age 78 ± 13 years) were hospitalized for HF and 619 patients had an EF ≤40%. Twenty percent were eligible for initiation of ARNI, and additionally 8% were potentially eligible. In all 95 patients (mean age 65 ± 12 years) were initiated with Sac/Val, which correlates to 13%. The patients who were initiated were younger (65 years), more often had dilated cardiomyopathy (31%), more often were on guideline‐directed medical therapy, and had a higher frequency of cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardioverter–defibrillator compared with the patients who did not receive Sac/Val. Of the initiated patients, 59% reached target dose of Sac/Val, and 15% discontinued due to adverse effects. The most common cause of discontinuation was benign gastrointestinal adverse effects, followed by elevated creatinine, malaise, and vertigo. Female gender [odds ratio (OR) 3.58; 95% CI 1.07–2.00; P = 0.038] and NT‐proBNP ≥ median level (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.26–0.90; P = 0.021) was associated with termination of the medication.ConclusionsAmong HFrEF patients in this real‐world cohort, 20% were eligible for ARNI; however, only 13% received the treatment. Sac/Val was well tolerated, but 41% of the patients did not reach target dose. How this affects outcome is not known and needs further investigation.
Rationale and design of the CardioMEMS Post‐Market Multinational Clinical Study: COAST
Authors: Cowie Martin R. , de Groote Pascal , McKenzie Scott , Brett Marie‐Elena , Adamson Philip B. ,   the CardioMEMS Post‐Market Study Investigators
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsChronic heart failure reduces quality and quantity of life and is expensive for healthcare systems. Medical treatment relies on guideline‐directed therapy, but clinical follow‐up and remote management is highly variable and poorly effective. New remote management strategies are needed to maintain clinical stability and avoid hospitalizations for acute decompensation.Methods and resultsThe CardioMEMS Post‐Market Study is a prospective, international, single‐arm, multicentre, open‐label study (NCT02954341) designed to examine the feasibility of haemodynamic guided heart failure management using a small pressure sensor permanently implanted in the pulmonary artery (PA). Daily uploaded PA pressures will be reviewed weekly to remotely guide medical management of patients with persistent NYHA Class III symptoms at baseline and a hospitalization in the prior 12 months. The study will enrol up to 800 patients from 85 sites across the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia. The primary safety endpoint will assess device or system‐related complications or sensor failures after 2 years of follow‐up. Efficacy will be estimated after 1 year of follow‐up comparing HF hospitalization rates before and after sensor implantation. Observational endpoints will include mortality, patient, and investigator monitoring compliance, PA pressure changes, quality of life, and several pre‐defined subgroup analyses.ConclusionsThe CardioMEMS Post‐Market Study will investigate the generalizability of remote haemodynamic guided HF management in a number of national settings. The results may support the more widespread implementation of this novel clinical management approach.
Propensity score analysis exploring the impact of smoking and drinking on the prognosis of patients with oral cancer
Authors: Bao Xiaodan , Liu Fengqiong , Chen Qing , Chen Lin , Lin Jing , Chen Fa , Wang Jing , Qiu Yu , Shi Bin , Pan Lizhen , Lin Lisong , He Baochang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the effect of smoking and drinking on survival of patients with oral cancer by comparing the characteristics and survival of nonsmoking and nondrinking (NSND) patients in contrast to smoking and/or drinking (SD) patients.MethodsThis prospective study including 1165 patients with oral cancer was conducted in Fujian, China from January 2005 to January 2019. The patients were categorized to two groups, the NSND group and SD group. We compared overall survival and disease‐specific survival between the two groups using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression before and after propensity score matching (PSM) to explore the effect of smoking and drinking on the prognosis of patients with oral cancer.ResultsNSND patients accounted for 55.45% (646 patients) of all the patients with oral cancer. SD patients with oral cancer tended to be older and mainly are male (98.46%) and with more advanced disease status. There are trends toward both higher risk of all‐cause death (HR = 1.678; 95% CI: 1.086‐2.594) and oral cancer specific death (HR = 1.632; 95% CI: 1.044‐2.552) in SD patients with oral cancer before PSM. After PSM, the association is still significant, with adjusted HR of 1.897 (95% CI: 1.138‐3.165) for all‐cause death and adjusted HR of 1.764 (95% CI: 1.043‐2.983) for oral cancer‐specific death. Additionally, PSM can improve the HR value and result in a stronger association.ConclusionsSocial and clinical characteristics of NSND patients differed from SD patients with oral cancer. SD patients with oral cancer have higher all‐cause mortality and oral cancer‐specific mortality than NSND patients.
Hepatic Deficiency of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Predisposes to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Verma Alok K. , Rani Richa , Sharma Akanksha , Wang Jiang , Shah Shimul A. , Behari Jaideep , Salazar Gonzalez Rosa , Kohli Rohit , Gandhi Chandrashekhar R. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
The augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) protein is critical for lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial function. We investigated high‐fat/high‐carbohydrate (HF/HC) diet–induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in wild‐type (WT), hepatocyte‐specific ALR‐knockout (ALR‐H‐KO), and ALR‐heterozygous (ALR‐H‐HET) mice. ALR was measured in serum of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NASH‐induced cirrhosis (serum and liver).

Approach and Results
HF/HC feeding decreased ALR expression in all groups of mice. The otherwise normal ALR‐H‐HET mice gained more weight and steatosis than WT mice when challenged metabolically with the HF/HC diet; ALR‐H‐KO mice gained the least weight and had the least steatosis. These findings were consistent with correspondingly increased triglycerides and cholesterol and altered expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, sterol regulatory element‐binding protein, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase. All HF/HC‐fed mice developed insulin resistance, the magnitude being lower in ALR‐H‐KO mice. HF/HC‐fed ALR‐H‐HET mice were more resistant to glucose challenge than WT or ALR‐H‐KO mice. The frequency of tumor necrosis factor alpha–producing, interleukin 6 (IL6)–producing, and IL17‐producing cells was greater in ALR‐H‐KO than ALR‐H‐HET and lowest in WT mice. HF/HC feeding did not increase their number in ALR‐H‐KO mice, and the increase in ALR‐H‐HET was greater than that in WT mice except for IL17 cells. Cluster of differentiation 25–positive (CD25+) forkhead box P3–positive CD4+ regulatory T‐cell frequency was lower in ALR‐H‐HET than WT mice and further reduced in ALR‐H‐KO mice; HF/HC reduced regulatory T‐cell frequency only in WT mice. HF/HC‐fed ALR‐H‐HET, but not WT, mice developed fibrosis; and ALR‐H‐KO mice progressed to cirrhosis. White adipose tissue of HF/HC‐fed ALR‐deficient mice developed strong inflammation, indicating bidirectional interactions with the liver. Hepatic and serum ALR levels were significantly reduced in patients with NASH‐cirrhosis. Serum ALR was also significantly lower in patients with NASH.

Conclusions
Hepatic ALR deficiency may be a critical predisposing factor for aggressive NAFLD progression.
The effects of the genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes on susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Salimi Saeedeh , Harati‐Sadegh Mahdiyeh , Eskandari Moein , Heidari Zahra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral lines of evidences have indicated that inflammation play an important role in the carcinogenesis. During the inflammatory processes, free radical species are produced from oxidative stress. In normal conditions, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants remove these products. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase‐1 (GPx‐1), and catalase (CAT) are three important enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects ofMnSOD(SOD2),GPX‐1, andCATgenetic polymorphisms on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) susceptibility. A total of 134 patients with PTC and 151 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this study. All samples were genotyped forSOD2 rs4880,GPX1 1050450, andCAT rs7943316polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The frequencies of thers1050450,rs4880, andrs7943316alleles and genotypes were not different between PTC patients and controls. However, the TC genotype ofSOD2rs4880 polymorphism was significantly higher in males compared to that in females in PTC patients (odds ratio [OR], 3.9 [95% CI, 1.5–11],p= .007). The rs4880 polymorphism was also associated with higher stages (III‐IV) of PTC in dominant model. No significant correlation was found betweenGPX1‐rs1050450andCAT‐rs7943316polymorphisms and demographic, clinical, and pathological features of the disease. TheSOD2rs4880CT genotype was more frequent in males with PTC and patients with higher stages (III–IV) of disease (OR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.1–7.7],p= .04). However, no significant association was found betweenGPX1‐rs1050450andCAT‐rs7943316 variants and PTC or itsdemographic, clinical, and pathological features.
Safety of drug use in patients with a primary mitochondrial disease: An international Delphi‐based consensus
Authors: De Vries Maaike C. , Brown David A. , Allen Mitchell E. , Bindoff Laurence , Gorman Gráinne S. , Karaa Amel , Keshavan Nandaki , Lamperti Costanza , McFarland Robert , Ng Yi Shiau , O'Callaghan Mar , Pitceathly Robert D. S. , Rahman Shamima , Russel Frans G. M. , Varhaug Kristin N. , Schirris Tom J. J. , Mancuso Michelangelo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClinical guidance is often sought when prescribing drugs for patients with primary mitochondrial disease. Theoretical considerations concerning drug safety in patients with mitochondrial disease may lead to unnecessary withholding of a drug in a situation of clinical need. The aim of this study was to develop consensus on safe medication use in patients with a primary mitochondrial disease. A panel of 16 experts in mitochondrial medicine, pharmacology, and basic science from six different countries was established. A modified Delphi technique was used to allow the panellists to consider draft recommendations anonymously in two Delphi rounds with predetermined levels of agreement. This process was supported by a review of the available literature and a consensus conference that included the panellists and representatives of patient advocacy groups. A high level of consensus was reached regarding the safety of all 46 reviewed drugs, with the knowledge that the risk of adverse events is influenced both by individual patient risk factors and choice of drug or drug class. This paper details the consensus guidelines of an expert panel and provides an important update of previously established guidelines in safe medication use in patients with primary mitochondrial disease. Specific drugs, drug groups, and clinical or genetic conditions are described separately as they require special attention. It is important to emphasise that consensus‐based information is useful to provide guidance, but that decisions related to drug prescribing should always be tailored to the specific needs and risks of each individual patient. We aim to present what is current knowledge and plan to update this regularly both to include new drugs and to review those currently included.
The atmospheric oxidation of hydroxyacetone: Chemistry of activated and stabilized CH3C(O)CH(OH)OO• radicals between 252 and 298 K
Authors: Orlando John J. , Tyndall Geoffrey S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe products of the Cl‐atom‐initiated oxidation of hydroxyacetone (HYAC, CH3C(O)CH2OH) have been examined under conditions relevant to the earth's lower atmosphere. Over the range of temperatures studied (252‐298 K), in the absence of NOx, methylglyoxal (CH3C(=O)CH=O, MGLY) was formed with a primary yield >84% (96 ± 9% at 298 K), while in the presence of elevated NOx, MGLY and formic acid were both formed as major primary products. In contrast to a previous study, acetic acid was not identified as a major primary product under the conditions studied. The results are quantitatively interpreted from a consideration of the formation of a stabilized CH3C(O)CH(OH)OO• radical, either in a ≈50% yield from the addition of O2 to CH3C(O)CH•(OH) or in 100% yield from the addition of HO2 to MGLY. At high temperature and low NOx, decomposition of the stabilized CH3C(O)CH(OH)OO• radical to MGLY is favored, while lower temperatures and conditions of high NOx favor bimolecular reactions of the stabilized radical, with subsequent production of formic acid. Analysis of the data allows for a semiquantitative determination of K3 = (2.9 ± 0.4) × 10−16 cm3 molecule−1, for the HO2 + MGLY ↔ CH3C(O)CH(OH)OO• equilibrium process at 298 K and a roughly order of magnitude increase in K3 at 252 K.
The miniature lateral crural strut graft: Efficacy of a novel technique in tip plasty
Authors: Abdelwahab Mohamed , Most Sam P. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe a novel technique for tip plasty and determine its efficacy using validated patient‐reported outcome measures and objective measures.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThis study was carried out at a tertiary center. Patients undergoing tip plasty using the miniature lateral crural strut grafts (mini‐LCSG) in cosmetic/combined rhinoplasty between January 2016 and August 2019 with available outcome measures were included. We used the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores, visual analog scale: functional and cosmetic, and lateral wall insufficiency (LWI) grades.ResultsAmong 52 patients, 33 were included; 26 had cosmetic whereas seven had combined functional and cosmetic rhinoplasty, with a follow‐up up to 3 years. Both cosmetic and combined subjects showed significant improvement in SCHNOS‐Cosmesis (C) scores (−57.31 ± 1.79, P < .001 and − 53.57 ± 8.39, P < .001, respectively) and zone 1 LWI (P < .05, both sides). SCHNOS‐Obstruction (O) and NOSE scores showed significant decrease among subjects undergoing combined rhinoplasty only (−55.36 ± 18.58, P < .004, and − 53.93 ± 15.99, P < .003, respectively). With specific regard to tip cosmesis, the mean SCHNOS‐6 (item 6 of the SCHNOS questionnaire for tip cosmesis) showed significant improvement (−2.61, P < .001).ConclusionsThe mini‐LCSG is a novel modification for tip plasty that improves tip cosmesis and symmetry, both subjectively and objectively without compromising nasal function.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2581–2588, 2020
Active surveillance for patients with very low‐risk thyroid cancer
Authors: Lohia Shivangi , Hanson Martin , Tuttle R. Michael , Morris Luc G. T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOver the past 30 years in the United States, increasing identification of small thyroid nodules has led to a dramatic rise in the detection of small thyroid cancers, many of which are unlikely to progress to overt clinical disease. Because autopsy studies reveal that up to 30% of people harbor clinically occult thyroid cancers, the growing use of diagnostic technologies has identified an increasing number of small, clinically low risk papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs). In recent years, clinical practice has evolved to de‐intensify the treatment for PTCs, with fewer total thyroidectomy and nodal dissection procedures being performed, in favor of more limited operations. In addition, vigilant observation of selected low risk cancers has demonstrated outcomes comparable to those patients who undergo immediate surgical intervention. Active surveillance has emerged as a new option within the treatment algorithm of PTCs. There is now robust data from cancer centers in Japan and Korea which have reported excellent oncologic outcomes among patients undergoing active surveillance for PTC, as well as more recent, similar data from the United States. American Thyroid Association guidelines now include the option of active surveillance for appropriately selected patients with low‐risk PTC. With active surveillance now one option within the standard of care for patients with certain thyroid cancers, surgeons have become critical to facilitating shared decision‐making for patients facing this diagnosis.
Comparison of arterial and venous implantable Doppler postoperative monitoring of free flaps: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Klifto Kevin M. , Milek David , Gurno Caresse F. , Seal Stella M. , Hultman C. Scott , Rosson Gedge D. , Cooney Damon S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of vascular compromise following free flap microsurgical reconstruction is essential. This can lead to timely reoperations and flap salvage. Both arteries and veins are monitored postoperatively with implantable ultrasound Dopplers based on surgeon preference with no consensus as to which method is best. This systematic review and meta‐analysis compared arterial to venous implantable Dopplers for postoperative monitoring of microsurgical free flap reconstruction.MethodsFive databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus) were systematically and independently searched. PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines were strictly followed. Clinical characteristics, donor and recipient sites, specific arterial or venous vessels, diagnostic data, outcomes, and complications were recorded.ResultsThe seven studies included in the meta‐analysis were published from 1994 to 2018, with results from 38 of the possible 64 outcomes and complications queried. A total of 763 flaps with implantable Doppler probes on 527 arteries and 388 veins were included in the study. Compared to patients monitored with venous implantable Dopplers, arterial monitoring was associated with a risk of false‐positives reduced by 74% (RR:0.26, 95% CI:0.12, 0.55, I2 = 40%, p = .0004) and risk of signal loss reduced by 63% (RR:0.37, 95% CI:0.24, 0.59, I2 = 26%, p < .0001). Patients being monitored with a venous implantable Doppler did not show significantly different sensitivities, specificities, true‐positives, false‐negatives, true‐negatives, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, time to signal loss, take‐backs, salvage rates, flap failures, flap failure rates, arterial, venous, vascular, and hematoma compromise compared to an arterial implantable Doppler.ConclusionThese findings suggest arteries may be the best vessels to monitor when using an implantable Doppler following free flap microsurgical reconstruction. Caution is advised when interpreting these findings for clinical significance due to no significant differences in take‐backs, SR, flap failures, and FFR.
Enhancing Data Reliability in TOMAHAQ for Large‐Scale Protein Quantification
Authors: Liu Fang , Singhal Kratika , Matney Rowan , Acharya Swati , Akdis Cezmi A. , Nadeau Kari C. , Chien Allis S. , Leib Ryan D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe analytical scale of most mass‐spectrometry‐based targeted proteomics assays is usually limited by assay performance and instrument utilization. A recently introduced method, called triggered by offset, multiplexed, accurate mass, high resolution, and absolute quantitation (TOMAHAQ), combines both peptide and sample multiplexing to simultaneously improve analytical scale and quantitative performance. In the present work, critical technical requirements and data analysis considerations for successful implementation of the TOMAHAQ technique based on the study of a total of 185 target peptides across over 200 clinical plasma samples are discussed. Importantly, it is observed that significant interference originate from the TMTzero reporter ion used for the synthetic trigger peptides. This interference is not expected because only TMT10plex reporter ions from the target peptides should be observed under typical TOMAHAQ conditions. In order to unlock the great promise of the technique for high throughput quantification, here a post‐acquisition data correction strategy to deconvolute the reporter ion superposition and recover reliable data is proposed.
Quasi‐synchronization of multilayer heterogeneous networks with a dynamic leader
Authors: Yang Huihui , Wang Zhengxin , Song Qiang , Liu Xiaoyang , Xiao Min 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis article considers the pinning quasi‐synchronization problem for a class of leader‐following multilayer heterogeneous complex networks. The leader has nonzero control inputs that are unavailable to the followers. Multilayer heterogeneous networks with heterogeneous node dynamics and two different layer structures are proposed in this article. Two types of discontinuous coupling laws are designed for achieving synchronization in multilayer heterogeneous networks. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and the matrix theory, some sufficient criteria for pinning quasi‐synchronization are derived, and the upper bound of quasi‐synchronization errors is solved. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.