bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaggregating a regional-extent digital soil map using Bayesian area-to-point regression kriging for farm-scale soil carbon assessment
Authors: Pallegedara Dewage Sanjeewani Nimalka Somarathna , Minasny Budiman , Malone Brendan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Most soil management activities are implemented at farm scale, yet digital soil maps are commonly available at regional or national scale.
Disaggregating these regional and/or national maps is applicable for farm-scale tasks, particularly in data-poor or limited situations. Although
disaggregation is a frequently discussed topic in recent digital soil mapping literature, the uncertainty of the disaggregation process is not often
discussed. Underestimation of inferential or predictive uncertainty in statistical modelling leads to inaccurate statistical summaries and
overconfident decisions. The use of Bayesian inference allows for quantifying the uncertainty associated with the disaggregation process. In this
study, a framework of Bayesian area-to-point regression kriging (ATPRK) is proposed for downscaling soil attributes, in particular, maps of soil
organic carbon. An estimation of point support variograms from block-supported data was carried out using the Monte Carlo integration via the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. A regional soil carbon map with a resolution of 100 m (block support) was disaggregated to 10 m (point
support) information for a farm in northern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The derived point support variogram has a higher partial sill and nugget, while the
range and parameters do not deviate much from the block support data. The disaggregated fine-scale map (point support with a grid spacing of
10 m) using Bayesian ATPRK had an 87 % concordance correlation with the original coarse-scale map. The uncertainty estimates of the
disaggregation process were given by a 95 % confidence interval (CI) limit. Narrow CI limits indicate that the disaggregation process gives a fair
approximation of the mean soil organic carbon (SOC) content of the study site. The Bayesian ATPRK approach was compared with dissever, which is a regression-based disaggregation
algorithm. The disaggregated maps generated by dissever had 96 % concordance correlation with the coarse-scale map. Dissever achieves this
higher concordance correlation through an iteration process, while Bayesian ATPRK is a one-step process. The two disaggregated products were
validated with 127 independent topsoil carbon observations. The validation concordance correlation coefficient for Bayesian ATPRK disaggregation was
23 %, while downscaled maps generated from dissever had 18 % concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The advantages and limitations of both disaggregation algorithms are
discussed.
“Deutsches Requiem”, de Borges. El ascetismo del sujeto fascista
Authors: Bautista Luis 
Published: August 2020

La crítica que ha analizado “Deutsches Requiem” (1946), de Jorge Luis Borges, se ha centrado normalmente en las incoherencias en las que incurre su protagonista y narrador, un oficial nazi: Otto Dietrich zur Linde. Enuncia explícitamente Otto que el objetivo del nazismo era la destrucción de los valores judeocristianos, pero él se muestra incapaz de pensar al margen de estos. Toda su autobiografía está contada en esa clave, la del ideal ascético, lo que tornaría incongruente su mensaje último. El ascetismo de Otto, del “sujeto fascista”, no es en mi opinión una incongruencia del texto de Borges. Analizo en este artículo su naturaleza profundamente ascética, que es el resultado último del modelo de subjetividad desarrollado por la filosofía occidental.
Faith, Liberation, and Revolution in Fire From the Mountain by Omar Cabezas
Authors: Mantero José María 
Published: August 2020

Published in 1982, the testimonio Fire from the Mountain (La montaña es más que una inmensa estepa verde) by Omar Cabezas continues to generate interest in the field of Latin American literature, particularly amongst critics dedicated to the testimonio and post-testimonio. Considered one of the fundamental works of contemporary testimonio, Fire from the Mountain narrates the political and ideological coming of age of Cabezas during the years preceding the Sandinista revolution (1977-1979) in Nicaragua, the origins of his relationship with the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN), and his efforts in the struggle against the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza. Throughout the text there are frequent references to his own faith, Catholicism, and God as he comes to terms with the plight of the Nicaragua people and considers the moral imperative of the revolution to depose Somoza. Our intention is to demonstrate that, in Fire from the Mountain, Cabezas implicitly considers the influence of his faith, Catholicism, and God on the revolutionary struggle. We will first contextualize our study within discussions on the Latin American testimonio and proceed to frame our study of Fire from the Mountain within a liberational perspective that references liberation theology as our theoretical touchstone.
Effectiveness of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine vs Concussion Education in Treating Student Athletes With Acute Concussion Symptoms
Authors: Yao Sheldon C. , Zwibel Hallie , Angelo Nicole , Leder Adena , Mancini Jayme 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Concussion, a type of mild traumatic brain injury, is a disruption in normal brain function due to head injury. New-onset symptoms from concussion vary, likely depending on the areas of the head and neck affected; they can be severe and debilitating. Current treatment options are limited and difficult to individualize. Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) can aid musculoskeletal restrictions that can potentially improve concussion symptoms.

Objective
To assess concussion symptom number and severity in participants with concussion who received either OMM or an educational intervention.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the New York Institute of Technology Academic Health Care Center. Patients presenting to the center with concussion-like symptoms due to recent head injury within the previous 7 days provided consent and were randomized into 2 intervention groups, receiving either 1 OMM treatment (n=16) or 1 concussion education intervention (n=15). Participants were assessed before and after the intervention with the validated Symptom Concussion Assessment Tool fifth edition (SCAT-5) for quantification of number of symptoms and their severity. Collected data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results
Thirty-one participants were enrolled in the study; after 1 control participant was excluded due to incomplete data, 30 patient records were analyzed. The OMM intervention group had a significant decrease in symptom number (P=.002) and symptom severity (P=.001) compared with the concussion education group.

Conclusion
When used in the acute setting, OMM significantly decreased concussion symptom number and severity compared with concussion education. This study demonstrates that integration of OMM using a physical examination–guided, individualized approach is safe and effective in the management of new-onset symptoms of uncomplicated concussions. (Clinicaltrials.gov No. NCT02750566)
Performance of Planting Methods and Sett Treatments on Quality, Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Bajra Napier Hybrid Grass (Pennisetum glaucum L. X P. purpureum schumach)
Authors: Varshini S. V. , Jayanthi C. , Sivakumar S. D. , Senthil A. , Malarvizhi P. , Karthikeyan R. 
Published: August 2020

A field experiment to assess the effect of planting methods and sett treatments on quality, nutrient uptake and economics of bajra napier hybrid grass CO (BN) 5 was conducted during 2018-2019 at the Eastern block farm of the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University – Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The experimental field was laid out in factorial randomized block design. The main plots were vertical planting (M1) and horizontal planting (M2) and sub-plots were 13 sett treatments. The results on some quality parameters viz., crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, total ash contents (%), showed non-significant difference on planting methods, sett treatments and their interaction. Among planting methods, vertical planting had registered higher crude protein yield of 1.23 t ha-1cut-1, nitrogen uptake (151 kg ha-1cut-1), phosphorus uptake (23.4 kg ha-1cut-1) and potassium uptake (87.7 kg ha-1cut-1). Among sett treatments, water soaking for 12 hours and 24 hours incubation (S1) significantly registered higher crude protein yield (1.78 t ha-1cut-1), nitrogen uptake (186.8 kg ha-1cut-1), phosphorus uptake (31.9 kg ha-1cut-1) and potassium uptake (108.4 kg ha-1cut-1). In two planting methods, low cost of cultivation ($ 629 ha-1), higher gross return ($ 1227 ha-1), net return ($ 598 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.98) were registered with vertical planting (M1). Similarly, among sett treatments, water soaking for 12 hours and 24 hours incubation (S1) recorded lower cost of cultivation ($ 563 ha-1), higher gross return ($ 1698 ha-1), net return ($ 1135 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.02). With this, it can be concluded that for planting method, vertical planting (M1), and for sett treatment, water soaking for 12 hours and 24 hours incubation (S1) are the recommended practices for achieving better quality, nutrient uptake and economics from bajra napier hybrid grass.
To Study Dermoscopic Findings in Alopecia Areata
Authors: Sneha Kovi , Thomas Jayakar 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Alopecia areata is a common chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that involves hair follicles, characterized by hair loss on the scalp and/or body without scarring. Clinically, the disease presents as smooth, patchy hair loss with various patterns - diffuse or reticulate alopecia, ophiasis, ophiasis inversus, alopecia totalis (loss of hair all the scalp), or alopecia universalis (loss of hair all over the body). Clinical diagnosis of AA is made based on typical pattern of hair loss and the presence of characteristic exclamation mark hair in microscopy. Invasive (punch biopsy) techniques are often required in some cases where the clinical diagnosis is not straight forward Biopsy shows peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrates in a “swarm of bee pattern” which is characteristic of the acute stage of the disease.
Dermoscopy is an imaging instrument that immensely magnifies surface features of skin lesions. It works on the principle of illumination and transillumination of skin with different light sources and studying it with a high magnification lens. Dry dermoscopy was done with heine delta 20 dermoscope which was followed by wet dermoscopy. Liquid paraffin was used as the immersion media. It is a noninvasive, repeatable, recordable bedside investigation.
Objective: To study dermoscopic findings in alopecia areata.
Materials and Methods: Study Design: Cross sectional study; Study Area: Skin Outpatient Department, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital; Study Population: All patients with hair loss, attending skin OPD, who are clinically diagnosed as Alopecia Areata; Study Method: Observational study; Sample Size: 30.
Results: Clinically, the disease presents as smooth, patchy hair loss with various patterns. Dermoscopy is useful for diagnosis of AA clinically by the presence of cadaverized hairs (black dots), circle hair, coudablity hair, exclamation mark hairs (tapering hairs), broken hairs, yellow dots and clustered short vellus hairs in the hair loss areas. The results wear tabulated.
An integrated fault estimation and fault tolerant control method using H∞‐based adaptive observers
Authors: Fazeli S. Mahdi , Abedi Mostafa 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAn integrated fault estimation/fault‐tolerant control (FTC) scheme is developed in this article for nonlinear Lipschitz systems in the presence of external disturbances and actuator failures. To address this problem, coupled uncertainties between the observer error dynamics and the control system are considered, which is conveniently ignored in control approaches based on the separation principle. An H∞‐based adaptive observer is proposed to simultaneously estimate the system states and actuator faults without the restrictive strictly positive realness or persistent excitation conditions. The FTC is constructed by sliding mode control using the estimated states generated by the developed observer. A novel sufficient condition is derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) including both the system control dynamics and the estimation errors; then, the control parameters and observer gains are simultaneously obtained via solving the mentioned LMI based on the H∞ optimization. Finally, a flexible joint robot is considered to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed method.
Interface Concentrated‐Confinement Suppressing Cathode Dissolution in Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte
Authors: Yue Jinming , Lin Liangdong , Jiang Liwei , Zhang Qiangqiang , Tong Yuxin , Suo Liumin , Hu Yong‐sheng , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMass dissolution is one main problems for cathodes in aqueous electrolytes due to the strong polarity of water molecules. In principle, mass dissolution is a thermodynamically favorable process as determined by the Gibbs free energy. However, in real situations, dissolution kinetics, which include viscosity, dissolving mass mobility, and interface properties, are also a critical factor influencing the dissolution rate. Both thermodynamic and kinetic dissolving factors can be regulated by the ratio of salt to solvent in the electrolyte. In this study, concentration‐controlled cathode dissolution is investigated in a susceptible Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode whose time‐, cycle‐, and state‐of‐charge‐dependent dissolubility are evaluated by multiple electrochemical and chemical methods. It is verified that the super‐highly concentrated water‐in‐salt electrolyte has a high viscosity, low vanadium ion diffusion, low polarity of solvated water, and scarce solute−water dissolving surfaces. These factors significantly lower the thermodynamic‐controlled solubility and the dissolving kinetics via time and physical space local mass interfacial confinement, thereby inducing a new mechanism of interface concentrated‐confinement which improves the cycling stability in real aqueous rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries.
DEP1 affects rice grain weight and quality at different spikelet positions
Authors: Zhang Nan , Jiang Kunwei , Chen Hongwei , Shao Kuitian , Yan An , Liang Chengwei , Wang Shu , Huang YuanCai , Wang Yan , Jia BaoYan , Wang Yun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGrains at different positions on rice panicles differ greatly in weight and quality, but few studies have focused on the effect of dep1 that influences panicle morphology and grain number on grain weight and quality at different spikelet positions and under different backgrounds. To clarify this, we compared spikelet characteristics and grain quality in the superior spikelets (SS) and inferior spikelets (IS), as well as sink‐, source‐ and flow‐related traits between NIL‐dep1 (AKI‐dep1 and LG5‐dep1) and NIL‐DEP1 (AKI‐DEP1 and LG5‐DEP1) under the Akitakomachi (AKI) and Liaogeng5 (LG5) backgrounds. The grain weight and quality in SS did not significantly differ between NIL‐dep1 and NIL‐DEP1 under the two backgrounds. However, the effect of dep1 on grain weight and quality in IS varied with background. AKI‐dep1 significantly decreased the grain weight, processing quality, and eating and cooking quality in IS compared with AKI‐DEP1, possibly due to poor grain filling and the lack of an adequate source supply and vascular system to fully meet the increased sink size. With the exception of appearance quality, the grain weight and quality of IS of LG5‐dep1 were similar to LG5‐DEP1, mainly due to the enlarged vascular system and similar grain filling rate and source supply. We concluded that the varied effects of dep1 on grain weight and quality under the two backgrounds could be attributed to differences in grain filling and source−sink−flow relationships.
Thermal and clinker‐catalyzed pyrolyses of polystyrene waste using the Portland cement solid‐base catalyst
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Imtiaz Maria , Naz Muhammad Y. , Khan Khalid M. , AbdEl‐Salam Nasser M. , Ibrahim Khalid A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolystyrene is a nondegradable lightweight foamy substance that easily blows from landfills into drains and waterways. This material creates litter and water pollution and harms the wildlife who mistakenly eat it. This study investigated a cost‐effective pyrolysis approach for catalytic conversion of waste polystyrene into useful oil and gas products. The Portland cement was used as a solid base to catalyze the pyrolysis reaction for improving the product yield, lowering the reaction temperature and shortening the reaction time. Optimum reaction conditions were investigated by varying the process temperature, process time, and amount of the catalyst. The catalytic conversion of polystyrene into oil was measured about 94.98% at 400°C. In noncatalytic conversion experiments, same conversion efficiency was achieved at 600°C, which is significantly higher than the catalytic conversion. Catalytic pyrolysis produced oil with major part of volatile fractions and 42.14% styrene. The thermal pyrolysis produced oil with high styrene content (63.17%). Overall, styrene content of oil product was lower than the reported values in the literature. The noncatalytic pyrolysis produced nonreactive gases toward the copper‐I solution while catalytic pyrolysis produced highly reactive gases. The presence of olefins and acetylene in gaseous form confirmed the presence of hydrogen in the product.
Effect of the wine wastes on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and biodegradation's rate of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)
Authors: Nanni Alessandro , Messori Massimo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, two different wine derived additives, seeds extracts (Sext) and wine lees (WL), have been tested within poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) for different purposes. First, the effect of wine seed polyphenolic extracts (Sext) on the PHB thermal stability has been investigated considering the molecular weight decrease (gel permeation chromatography), the impact on the viscosity (mass flow rate), the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves, and the oxidation induction times. Different stabilizers formulations have been tested and the results have been compared with unstabilized PHB. Subsequently, WL have been mixed in different concentration (10, 20, and 40 phr) within PHB by twin‐screw extrusion and the obtained biocomposites have been characterized from a thermal (differential scanning calorimetry and TGA) and mechanical (dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile test) points of view exploiting also the micromechanics models of Voigt, Halpin‐Tsai and Pukanszky. Finally, biodegradation tests in soil and in marine water have been carried out for each investigated PHB formulation in order to evaluate the effect of Sext and WL on the microbial degradation.
Differences in conservation candidate tidal rivers by cross‐taxon analysis in the Japanese temperate zone
Authors: Koyama Akihiko , Inui Ryutei , Kanno Kazuki , Eguchi Katsuhisa , Tanabe Atsushi , Nakajima Jun , Onikura Norio , Minagawa Tomoko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor effective biodiversity conservation, verifying the correspondence of conservation sites among taxa and identifying the environmental characteristics of these sites are essential; however, only a few such studies have been performed in estuaries. The aim of the present study was to verify the surrogacy of estuarine gobies and crabs, to identify tidal rivers of high conservation priority, and to describe their environmental characteristics.Distribution data for gobies and crabs were collected from 158 tidal rivers in the Kyushu region, Japan. Three conservation scenarios were analysed based on the distribution data of gobies alone, of crabs alone, and of both taxa, in order to assess the correspondence of the conservation candidates (i.e. tidal rivers) between taxa.The degree of correspondence was poor for the candidates selected on the basis of the distribution data of gobies or crabs separately. More efficient candidates were selected based on the data for both taxa. The environmental characteristics of tidal rivers with high irreplaceability for conservation differed between the taxa. Tidal rivers forming and maintaining large tidal flats covered with fine sediment might have high irreplaceability for goby conservation, whereas rivers with saltmarshes connected to supratidal and intertidal zones might have high irreplaceability for crab conservation.Tidal rivers with a high priority for conservation were identified by overlapping the candidates for three scenarios. These tidal rivers are not necessarily large, but have steep basins with river mouths that are less exposed to ocean waves. Moreover, the percentage of artificial areas in these rivers was low, suggesting that these rivers have not been exposed to excessive anthropogenic disturbance that leads to loss of estuarine habitat.These results show that gobies and crabs are not surrogates for one another.
Why the Outcome of Anti‐Tumor Immune Responses is Heterogeneous: A Novel Idea in the Context of Immunological Heterogeneity in Cancers
Authors: Wang Jing H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe question as to why some hosts can eradicate their tumors while others succumb to tumor‐progression remains unanswered. Here, a provocative concept is proposed that intrinsic differences in the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of individuals may influence the outcome of anti‐tumor immunity by affecting the frequency and/or variety of tumor‐reactive CD8 and/or CD4 tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. This idea implicates that the TCR repertoire in a given patient might not provide sufficiently different TCR clones that can recognize tumor antigens, namely, “a hole in the TCR repertoire” might exist. This idea may provide a novel perspective to further dissect the mechanisms underlying heterogeneous anti‐tumor immune responses in different hosts. Besides tumor‐intrinsic heterogeneity and host microbiome, the various factors that may constantly shape the dynamic TCR repertoire are also discussed. Elucidating mechanistic differences in different individuals’ immune systems will allow to better harness immune system to design new personalized cancer immunotherapy.