bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mutation in POLR3E impairs antiviral immune response and RNA polymerase III
Authors: Ramanathan Aravind , Weintraub Michael , Orlovetskie Natalie , Serruya Raphael , Mani Dhivakar , Marcu Orly , Stepensky Polina , Weisblum Yiska , Djian Esther , Shaag Avraham , Revel-Vilk Shoshana , Fried Iris , Kotler Moshe , Rouvinski Alex , Wolf Dana , Elpeleg Orly , Jarrous Nayef 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The innate immune system constitutes the host defense frontline against viruses. This system comprises several interrelated signal transduction pathways, one of which implicates the viral DNA sensor RNA polymerase (Pol) III. However, the link of this polymerase to innate immunity in humans remains largely unknown. Here, we describe a homozygous mutation (D40H) in the POLR3E gene, coding for a protein subunit of Pol III, in a child with disseminated viral infections and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. This mutation is related to diminished interferon induction and increased cell susceptibility to infection by cytomegalovirus. Strikingly, the D40H mutation leads to formation of functionally defective transcription complexes of Pol III. Our study links POLR3E and Pol III to an innate immundeficiency condition in humans.
Alterations of the gut ecological and functional microenvironment in different stages of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Takewaki Daiki , Suda Wataru , Sato Wakiro , Takayasu Lena , Kumar Naveen , Kimura Kimitoshi , Kaga Naoko , Mizuno Toshiki , Miyake Sachiko , Hattori Masahira , Yamamura Takashi 
Published: August 2020

Significance
We have compared gut microbiomes in the different stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) based on both microbial and functional analyses using fecal samples. Together with microbial composition data, metagenomic functional and metabolite data revealed a reduced level of microbial butyrate and propionate biosynthesis in the gut of relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). On the other hand, in the gut of secondary progressive MS (SPMS), we revealed an enhancement in microbial DNA mismatch repair, which was consistent with excessive fecal oxidation shown in sulfur metabolomic analysis. As elevated oxidative stress is closely associated with chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, the present result opens a way to microbiome data-assisted management of MS, useful for prevention of disease progression.
Between vos and usted
Authors: López Alonzo Karen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines how Nicaraguan Spanish
speakers alternate between vos and
usted to index power negotiations in
(a)symmetric exchanges during a baseball practice. The variation in
pronominal exchanges shows directionalities: certain pronoun usage
can mitigate, demonstrate solidarity, or empower commands. I
research (1) the direction
(voseo/ustedeo) of mitigation
of the message, (2) the relationship (symmetric/asymmetric) of
alternation between vos and usted,
and (3) how uses of ustedeo are redefined from
established definitions of “formality.” This study has a pragmatic
focus based on courtesy theory. Vos and
usted alternated actively, offering innovative
practices as acts of power. Speakers use polite alternatives when
familiarity and affect are negotiated through the use of
voseo or ustedeo as a
pragmatic value of the request.
Variation and pragmatic enrichment
Authors: García Christina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Dar + gerund is a periphrastic
benefactive found in the Spanish of highland Ecuador and southern
Colombia. Prior research has focused on the construction’s origin,
syntactic constraints, and politeness: the present study examines
the pragmatic restrictions of dar + gerund
declaratives. Using native speaker intuitions and heuristics from
previous studies, I show that the most significant implication
present is that it is not the sole responsibility of the agent to do
the task. Thus, Daniel dio lavando la ropa is
felicitous if Daniel is part of a group of people responsible for
washing the clothes or if it was someone else’s responsibility
entirely, but infelicitous if Daniel was solely responsible.
Español neutro and marketing in Latin American
and U.S. audiovisual media
Authors: Cipria Alicia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter has a descriptive and a theoretical
aim. The descriptive aim involves elucidation of the term
neutro in different contexts and analysis of
phonetic/phonological features usually associated with the type of
“neutral” Spanish as marketed by global media conglomerates. The
theoretical aim is to link this Spanish “from nowhere” with issues
of standardization and with globalization-related concepts such as
anonymity, commodification, agency, and disembedding. Data come from
publicly available interviews of dubbing professionals, coaching
videos on “neutralization” of a local accent, and excerpts of TV
show dubbings previously outsourced by Miami-based conglomerates, in
tandem with Bogotá and Mexico DF, to other Latin American
countries.
Language policy and education in Peru
Authors: Salcedo Arnaiz Daniela 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents a state of the art in
language policy and education in Peru, focusing on the importance of
language ideologies when designing and applying policy. Within the
Peruvian context, I have selected three works published in the last
decade to give an account of certain common beliefs behind the
decision-making of the government and other institutions regarding
language in education. Next, based on some of the ideologies
presented by these scholars, I reflect both on the progress and the
challenges that policy-makers still need to face to create deep and
long-lasting change. If we do not discuss underlying language
ideologies in the educational and academic spheres and analyze them
critically in order to contest their biased and discriminatory
nature, they might change but popular mentalities will not.
Twenty years of Guaraní-Spanish bilingual education in
Paraguay
Authors: Gynan Shaw N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Paraguayan constitution instituted
Guaraní-Spanish bilingualism in 1992. Although law provides for
Guaraní literacy instruction with Spanish as a second language, the
de facto model for the two decades following officialization was one
of Spanish literacy instruction with Guaraní as a second language.
This model works well in bilingual districts; however, the 2002
Paraguayan census reported 1,319,777 monolingual Guaraní speakers,
and 146,618 households that identified as Guaraní-dominant. Test
results of over 300 third graders are incontrovertible: Spanish
literacy instruction with Guaraní as a second language produces
semilingualism (i.e., written production at less than half of
comprehension). Bringing Paraguayan education into line with legal
requirements is a priority for the sake of children’s academic
linguistic proficiency and the future of Guaraní.
On the causal hierarchy of Lorentzian length spaces
Authors: Hau Luis Aké , Cabrera Pacheco Armando J , Solis Didier A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work we provide the full description of the upper levels of the classical causal ladder for spacetimes in the context of Lorenztian length spaces, thus establishing the hierarchy between them. We also show that global hyperbolicity, causal simplicity, causal continuity, stable causality and strong causality are preserved under distance homothetic maps.
Large magnetocaloric effect in LiLnP4O12 (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy) single crystals
Authors: Petrov Dimitar N , Long Phan The , Koshkid’Ko Yu S , Ćwik J , Nenkov K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We have studied the magnetic and magnetocaloric (MC) properties of lithium lanthanide tetraphosphates LiLnP4O12 (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy) single crystals (SCs) upon the magnetization (M) and heat-capacity (Cp) measurements. Detailed investigations in the temperature range T = 2–300 K indicate that all SCs exhibit paramagnetic (PM) character with effective PM moments close to those expected for free Ln
3+ ions. The magnetic contribution to Cp takes place strongly at temperatures below 20 K that enhances the values of the parameters characteristic for the MC effect. Under an applied field H = 50 kOe, the values of the maximum magnetic entropy change (|

Δ

S
m

max

|) at 2 K are about 27.6, 15.9 and 11.7 J kg−1 K−1 for Ln = Gd, Tb and Dy, respectively, corresponding to refrigerant capacity (RC) of 133 ∼ 254 J kg−1. Among the studied SCs, the maximum adiabatic temperature change (

Δ

T

a
d

max

) obtained for the system Ln = Gd at a field change H = 20 kOe is about 13 K, which can be achieved by using a permanent magnet. With the large values of |

Δ

S
m

max

|, RC and

Δ

T

a
d

max

, and the absence of magnetic hysteresis, LiLnP4O12 are considered as alternatively potential candidates for adiabatic magnetic refrigeration applications at sub-helium temperatures. It is believed that the different magnetic and MC properties among the LiLnP4O12 SCs are related to the ground-state nature and spin-orbit interaction of Ln
3+ ions.
Determination of the complex refractive index of compound semiconductor alloys for optical device modelling
Authors: Schygulla Patrick , Fuß-Kailuweit Peter , Höhn Oliver , Dimroth Frank 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper a method is presented to accurately and quickly interpolate a dataset of the complex refractive index of arbitrary compound semiconductors. The method is based on a parameter morphing algorithm which maps critical points of two endpoint materials with known optical parameter sets onto each other. Every desired intermediate material composition can be interpolated if the composition dependence of the band gap is known for the given material system. The accuracy and stability of the proposed procedure is validated experimentally using spectral ellipsometry and reflection measurements. Test samples of two III–V semiconductor material systems, AlGaAs and GaInAsP, with various compositions were grown using metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy and the morphed parameter sets are compared to corresponding measurement results. Modelling the absorption of a solar cell device and comparing it to the external quantum efficiency is presented as an application example of this method. The interpolation method is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for optical and electro-optical modelling of semiconductor structures if parameters of the complex refractive index are not available for the exact material composition.
The emergence of tunable negative electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric/paraelectric superlattices
Authors: Ji Ye , Chen W J , Zheng Yue 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The electrocaloric effect in ferroelectrics provides a promising solid-state refrigeration technology to meet the urgent demand for heat management in the integrated circuits. Usually, ferroelectrics show a positive electrocaloric effect, i.e. the application of an electric field causes an increase in temperature. In contrast, the negative electrocaloric effect is also possible but much less explored. These two effects, if occur in the same system, could be combined to improve the cooling performance. Here we report the occurrence of both positive and negative electrocaloric effects in ferroelectric/paraelectric PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattice based on phase-field simulations. The superlattice is found to stabilize a variety of vortex dipole states (with the different number of vortex) when the PbTiO3 and SrTiO3 layers have suitable thicknesses. The unique response of these topological states to the external electric field gives rise to both positive and negative electrocaloric effect, and the latter is associated with the field-dependent vortex-to-polar state transformation. The multiplicity of the vortex dipole states brings tuning freedom for the optimization of electrocaloric properties. Moreover, the electrocaloric effect is also sensitive to the strength of the screening effect determined by the thickness of the SrTiO3 layer. We thus demonstrate a novel mechanism of negative electrocaloric effect in ferroelectrics with topological dipole states and indicates the screening effect as an effective way to engineer the electrocaloric performance.
Pixel-level detection and measurement of concrete crack using faster region-based convolutional neural network and morphological feature extraction
Authors: Li Shengyuan , Zhao Xuefeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Crack characteristics are important indicator reflecting the safety status of concrete structures. Current pixel-level crack detection methods generally used several semantic segmentation networks. However, those semantic segmentation network-based methods need expensive pixel-level annotation of training and test images. To overcome these problems, this paper proposed a pixel-level detection and measurement of concrete crack using a faster region-based convolutional neural network (faster R-CNN) and morphological feature extraction techniques. The faster R-CNN is trained on a database including 4861 crack images, and, consequently, records with 90.91% average precision (AP). The trained faster R-CNN is used to detect cracks from backgrounds of images, and then the morphological feature extraction techniques are used to segment pixel-level cracks and measure crack maximum widths and lengths. Comparative study is conducted to examine the performance of the proposed approach using a fully convolutional network (FCN)-based method. The results show that the proposed method substantiates quite performances and can indeed detect and measure concrete crack in realistic situations.
High-performance metal-semiconductor-metal ZnSnO UV photodetector via controlling the nanocluster size
Authors: Huang Chun-Ying , Lin Tsai-Jung , Liao Pei-Chun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Solution processing of amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS) is used for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, the device performance is much lower than that for a device that is fabricated using vacuum processing. This study uses acetylacetone (acac) as an additive in the precursor solution to reduce the nanocluster size in a ZnSnO (ZTO) film. A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM)-type UV photodetector (PD) is fabricated using as-prepared ZTO film. ZTO film that features a smaller nanocluster size, so more oxygen vacancies are induced, which produces more electrons and the photocurrent is increased. The surface at the metal/semiconductor interface is smoother so there is greater contact with fewer interface states and the dark current is decreased. An extremely high photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) of 1314 is achieved for a solution-processed ZTO MSM-type PD.
A carbon monitoring system for mapping regional, annual aboveground biomass across the northwestern USA
Authors: Hudak Andrew T , Fekety Patrick A , Kane Van R , Kennedy Robert E , Filippelli Steven K , Falkowski Michael J , Tinkham Wade T , Smith Alistair M S , Crookston Nicholas L , Domke Grant M , Corrao Mark V , Bright Benjamin C , Churchill Derek J , Gould Peter J , McGaughey Robert J , Kane Jonathan T , Dong Jinwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a prototype Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) developed to produce regionally unbiased annual estimates of aboveground biomass (AGB). Our CMS employed a bottom-up, two-step modeling strategy beginning with a spatially and temporally biased sample: project datasets collected and contributed by US Forest Service (USFS) and other forestry stakeholders in 29 different project areas in the northwestern USA. Plot-level AGB estimates collected in the project areas served as the response variable for predicting AGB primarily from lidar metrics of canopy height and density (R2 = 0.8, RMSE = 115 Mg ha−1, Bias = 2 Mg ha−1). This landscape model was used to map AGB estimates at 30 m resolution where lidar data were available. A stratified random sample of AGB pixels from these landscape-level AGB maps then served as training data for predicting AGB regionally from Landsat image time series variables processed through LandTrendr. In addition, climate metrics calculated from downscaled 30 year climate normals were considered as predictors in both models, as were topographic metrics calculated from elevation data; these environmental predictors allowed AGB estimation over the full range of observations with the regional model (R2 = 0.8, RMSE = 152 Mg ha−1, Bias = 9 Mg ha−1), including higher AGB values (>400 Mg ha−1) where spectral predictors alone saturate. For both the landscape and regional models, the machine-learning algorithm Random Forests (RF) was consistently applied to select predictor variables and estimate AGB. We then calibrated the regional AGB maps using field plot data systematically collected without bias by the national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program. We found both our project landscape and regional, annual AGB estimates to be unbiased with respect to FIA estimates (Biases of 1% and 0.7%, respectively) and conclude that they are well suited to inform forest management and planning decisions by our contributing stakeholders.

Social media abstract

Lidar-based biomass estimates can be upscaled with Landsat data to regionally unbiased annual maps.
Classical capacity of generalized Pauli channels
Authors: Siudzińska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Finding the classical capacity of a quantum channel is not easy, yet we are able to analytically calculate this capacity for new channels. We analyze the bounds of the Holevo capacity and classical capacity for the generalized Pauli channels. In particular, by generalizing earlier results for the Weyl channels, we obtain the lower and upper bounds of the Holevo capacity and show that, if these bounds coincide, the Holevo capacity is weakly additive. We also prove the weak additivity of the lower bound. Two new examples of the generalized Pauli channels with known classical capacity are presented. Finally, we relate the change rate of the classical capacity to the P-divisibility of Pauli channels.
Research on the Fiscal and Tax Policies of Low Carbon Leading China’s Development
Authors: Jinduo Hou 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the greenhouse effect, extreme weather, and other phenomena brought about by global warming have further intensified, and it has gradually become the focus of attention of the international community. Facing severe climate problems, reducing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions has become an inevitable choice. With China’s economy towards high-quality development, it does not only face the constraints of resources but also needs to deal with environmental constraints. The low-carbon event should take into account economic development and environmental protection and help China’s economic transformation and upgrading. The low-carbon event should take into account economic development and environmental protection and help China’s economic transformation and upgrading. In the face of the greenhouse gas effect of carbon emissions, it is necessary to limit it to a reasonable range. And it is essential to implement reasonable and practical carbon reduction policies. Moreover, the study of China’s fiscal and taxation policies for carbon emission reduction has excellent demonstration significance for the developing countries, energy cooperation in the future, cooperation on climate change, and so on.
Prediction of the antifreeze of the concrete structure based on random forest and wavelet neural network
Authors: Tang Yangyi , Wu Xianguo , Chen Hongyu , Zeng Tiemei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The durability of concrete is the focus of research in the field of engineering, and the resistance of concrete is one of the important indicators of concrete durability. Based on the prediction of early resistance to concrete based on the random forest combined with the wavelet neural network algorithm, 12 factors affecting concrete antifreeze were selected from the ratio level of concrete material, and the relative dynamic elastic mode was used as the evaluation index of concrete resistance, and the importance evaluation and feature variable selection of influencing factors were used by random forest, and a concrete antifreeze prediction model based on RF-WNN (random forest-wave neural network) was established. The example analysis is carried out by taking the project project as an example, and the calculation of the wavelet neural network and BP neural network prediction model without the influence factor screening is compared to obtain the mean square root error and the fit superiority respectively. The results show that the prediction results of RF-WNN model are closer to the actual value and the prediction accuracy is higher, and the proposed RF-WNN prediction model provides an effective method for achieving concrete antifreeze prediction.
A neural network based method for sensitive frequency component analysis of cavitation fault
Authors: Yu Jiongmin , Fu Dongliang , Zhou Pu , Li Jiatong , Ye Fei , Shen Yufei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In General, the frequency feature of cavitation was obtained by comparing it with normal signal. However, when there were a large number of samples, it was difficult to analyse the sensitive features of cavitation fault effectively. So, a neural network based method for sensitive frequency component analysis of cavitation fault was proposed, and Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) method, Fourier Transform and neural network were used. Firstly, the raw vibration signal was decomposed to 5 Intrinsic Mode Function(IMF) components and the frequency spectrum of each component were computed. So, the dataset of raw signal was divided into 5 datasets which contained different frequency components. And a neural network was built, trained and tested by the different datasets. By comparing the diagnosis accuracy of the neural network, the sensitivity of different IMF was analysed. And it is verified that the method can effectively analyse the sensitive frequency components of cavitation faults, reduce the size of the neural network.
Research of NOx and PM10 pollutants in Cluj-Napoca with the mobile system for mitigating public health risks
Authors: Băldean D L , Andrei L , Borzan A I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present research is conducted in order to show the possibilities of creating a smart and advanced mobile system capable of investigations regarding the chemical composition of the atmospheric air in the metropolitan areas using flexible technologies and some part of the existing infrastructure. Experimental measurements are made using a mobile station for data recording connected to the internet and with a link to the air quality stations. Taking into consideration the values of different chemical compounds within the atmospheric air, the data processing station may create a chemical map indicating the higher risk of air toxicity. Nitrogen oxides and particulate matter are some of the essential chemical pollutants generated these days by modern industries and transportation activities. By installing the proper technologies and networking capabilities on a current car the research team has made a practical investigation of actual chemical values in the metropolitan area of Cluj-Napoca by accessing the NO, NO2, NOx, and PM 10 data retrieving lines. Necessary changes in hourly retrieved data show that road traffic and other human activities do change the air quality level and its chemical composition. An air map is provided for some moments of the day, including the four stations in Cluj-Napoca city. The practical research is intended to present the technological capability and its embedding potential for the new series models of cars which may thus indicate a proper route in order to avoid critical points and to reduce the toxic chemical overload of some areas.