bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The recording and prevalence of Inflammatory bowel disease in girls' primary care medical Spanish records
Authors: Martín‐Merino Elisa , Martín‐Pérez Mar , Castillo‐Cano Belén , Montero‐Corominas Dolores 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) recording validation among girls in the Spanish Primary Care Database For Pharmacoepidemiological Research (BIFAP).MethodsIn this observational study, girls aged 9 to 18 years registered in BIFAP between 2002 and 2016, were followed up until there was a recorded IBD diagnosis or a referral to specialist indicating IBD. Anonymized profiles were reviewed to retrieve diagnosis confirmation (a positive colonoscopy or biopsy, specialist, or physician's comments mentioning the IBD diagnosis) or discarding (negative procedure results, alternative diagnosis, or family history). “possible” IBD were profiles missing that evidence, or had suspected IBD. The prescriptions of intestinal anti‐inflammatory agents, azatioprine, and mercaptopurine were collected. The prevalence of IBD was estimated after review.ResultsOut of 480 634 girls, 323 had a first ever recorded IBD, of which, 37.8% (N = 122) were “confirmed” incident IBD diagnosis, 19.8% (N = 64) discarded and 38.7% (N = 125) “possible” IBD. Additionally, 12 IBD records (3.7%) referred to prevalent IBD. Prescriptions were recorded in 94.3% (confirmed), 63.2% (possible), 83.3% (prevalent), and 3.1% (discarded) IBD cases. Prevalence was 52.83 “confirmed” or 93.58/105 girls when “possible” IBD were added.ConclusionsFor a third of the girls, the first recorded IBD included evidence confirming the diagnosis while most of those with missing evidence had treatment indicated for IBD. For research focused in sensitivity, an algorithm including “possible” plus “confirmed” episodes is recommended, whereas only “confirmed” to guarantee higher predictive value. Prevalence suggests that IBD is not a rare disease among girls.
Overview of gene therapy in spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Abreu Nicolas J. , Waldrop Megan A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoth 5q‐linked spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are fatal monogenic neuromuscular disorders caused by loss‐of‐function mutations. SMA is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting motor neurons that is typically caused by homozygous whole‐gene deletions of SMN1. DMD is an X‐linked recessive muscle disease most often due to exon deletions, but also duplications and smaller sized variants within the DMD gene. Gene replacement therapy offers the opportunity to correct the underlying genetic defect by the introduction of a functional gene. We review the transformative work from clinical trials to United States Food and Drug Administration approval of onasemnogene abeparvovec‐xioi in SMA and its application in clinical practice and the early results of microdystrophin delivery in DMD. We also review the introduction of antisense oligonucleotides to alter pre‐messenger RNA splicing to promote exon inclusion (as in nusinersen in SMA) or exclusion (as in eteplirsen in DMD) into neuromuscular therapeutics. There are multiple promising novel genetically mediated therapies on the horizon, which in aggregate point towards a hopeful future for individuals with SMA and DMD.
Energy‐based finite‐time stabilization and H∞ control of stochastic nonlinear systems
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Yanhong , Cao Guizhou , Owens David H. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe finite‐time stabilization and H∞ control of stochastic nonlinear systems was investigated in this article. First, we discussed the relationship between the finite‐time stability and the dissipation property by transforming the stochastic nonlinear system to its equivalent Hamiltonian formulation. It was showed that the stochastic dissipative Hamiltonian system is finite‐time stable in probability if the system is strictly dissipative and the Hamiltonian function possessed some special forms. Then, by the energy shaping and damping injection technique, we reformulate the internal structure matrix and the Hamiltonian function to construct a finite‐time stabilization controller for stochastic nonlinear systems. Moreover, for uncertain stochastic nonlinear systems, an H∞ finite‐time robust controller was put forward by utilizing the Hamiltonian function to construct a solution for the Hamiltonian‐Jacobi Inequality. Finally, we proposed a finite‐time stabilization and a finite‐time H∞ controller for the inverted cart‐pendulum system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Green Synthesis Strategy for New Schiff‐Base Complexes: Characterization, Conductometry, In Vitro Assay Confirmed by In Silico Approach
Authors: Katouah Hanadi , Hameed Ahmed M. , Alharbi Arwa , Alkhatib Fatmah , Shah Reem , Alzahrani Seraj , Zaky Rania , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProceeding from the view concerning the environmental safety, the green synthesis approach was implemented in this study to synthesize new Schiff base complexes. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic, analytical and theoretical techniques. Octahedral configuration was proposed for all complexes except Pd(II) one which has square‐planer geometry. The ligand coordinated towards metal ions through bi‐dentate or tri‐dentate in mono‐negative or neutral state. DFT method in material studio package, was used to optimize structural forms for most compounds. Conductometric titrations were carried out for Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions to estimate association and formation constants in solutions at presence or absence of H2L ligand. Hirshfeld surface properties were estimated by using Crystal explorer 3.1 program. The data proposed well molecular packing in crystal systems of Pd(II) and Co(II) complexes. Drug‐likeness study as well as MOE‐docking simulation were done to put an expectation for biological efficiency, which point to the priority of the ligand and its Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes. Prolonged biological screening was made to evaluate the effectiveness of all new compounds in comparing to standard drugs. The ligand and its Zn(II) complex were the most effective compounds towards variable microbes, free radical producers and colorectal carcinoma cells lines.
Photoelectrochemistry of Self‐Limiting Electrodeposition of Ni Film onto GaAs
Authors: Xu Yin , Ahmed Rasin , Zheng Jiyuan , Hoglund Eric R. , Lin Qiyuan , Berretti Enrico , Lavacchi Alessandro , Zangari Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGallium arsenide (GaAs) provides a suitable bandgap (1.43 eV) for solar spectrum absorption and allows a larger photovoltage compared to silicon, suggesting great potential as a photoanode toward water splitting. Photocorrosion under water oxidation condition, however, leads to decomposition or the formation of an insulating oxide layer, which limits the photoelectrochemical performance and stability of GaAs. In this work, a self‐limiting electrodeposition method of Ni on GaAs is reported to either generate ultra‐thin continuous film or nanoislands with high particle density by controlling deposition time. The self‐limiting growth mechanism is validated by potential transients, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy composition and depth profile measurements. This deposition method exhibits a rapid nucleation, forms an initial metallic layer followed by a hydroxide/oxyhydroxide nanofilm on the GaAs surface and is independent of layer thickness versus deposition time when coalescence is reached. A photocurrent up to 8.9 mA cm−2 with a photovoltage of 0.11 V is obtained for continuous ultrathin films, while a photocurrent density of 9.2 mA cm−2 with a photovoltage of 0.50 V is reached for the discontinuous nanoislands layers in an aqueous solution containing the reversible redox couple K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6.
Structural behavior of multifunctional inhomogeneous infra‐lightweight concrete elements
Authors: Lösch Claudia , Richter Arno , Schlaich Mike 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reduction of energy and resources consumption in the building sector is of crucial importance. One way to approach this challenge is the development of high‐performance materials to increase efficiency. In the research project “MultiLC” (Multifunctional lightweight concrete elements with inhomogeneous properties) highly efficient Infra‐Lightweight Concrete (ILC) elements with varying properties over the cross‐section and further functions, for example, active thermal insulation or photocatalytic air purification, were developed. Besides investigations in concrete technology and building physics, the structural behavior of inhomogeneous ILC‐elements was examined. This paper summarizes the analytical and experimental methods used to investigate the structural behavior of wall and beam specimens and wall‐to‐slab connections. It was found that the stiffness method is a reasonable approach to calculate the maximum load‐bearing capacity of the inhomogeneous ILC elements. Recommendations could be formulated for ultimate design values. Also, the feasibility of a fixed connection between a normal concrete slab and a multi‐layered ILC‐wall was shown.
The regularity of semi‐hyperbolic patches near sonic curves for the two‐dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Lai Geng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the regularity of semi‐hyperbolic patches near sonic curves for the two‐dimensional (2D) compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. A semi‐hyperbolic patch is a flow in a region in which one family out of two families of wave characteristics start on sonic curve and end on transonic shock. This type of flow patterns appear frequently in solutions of 2D Riemann problems and transonic flow problems. In a recent study by Chen and Lai (Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 18, 943–958 (2019)), we constructed a semi‐ hyperbolic patch for the 2D compressible MHD equations. In this paper, we derive a group of characteristic decompositions for the 2D MHD equations and show that the solution constructed in Chen and Lai (Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 18, 943–958 (2019)) is smooth up to the sonic curve and the sonic curve is C1 continuous.
Density Estimation is Influenced More by Mass When Objects are Denser
Authors: Merken Lara , van Polanen Vonne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen judging the heaviness of objects, the perceptual estimate can be influenced by the object’s density next to its mass. In the present study, we investigated whether density estimates might be similarly affected by object mass. Participants lifted objects of different sizes and masses in a virtual reality environment and estimated the density. We found that density perception was influenced both by density and mass, but not for the lowest density value, which could be perceived correctly. A modelling procedure on fitted slopes through the different objects revealed that density contributed 56% to the density estimate. However, if low- and high-density values were modelled separately, contributions of 100% and 41% were found for the low and high densities, respectively. These results indicate that perception of heaviness and density are closely related but can be better distinguished with objects of lower density and mass.
LinkRing: A Wearable Haptic Display for Delivering Multi-contact and Multi-modal Stimuli at the Finger Pads
Authors: Ivanov Aysien , Trinitatova Daria , Tsetserukou Dzmitry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLinkRing is a novel wearable tactile display for providing multi-contact and multi-modal stimuli at the finger. The system of two five-bar linkage mechanisms is designed to operate with two independent contact points, which combined can provide such stimulation as shear force and twist stimuli, slippage, and pressure. The proposed display has a lightweight and easy to wear structure. Two experiments were carried out in order to determine the sensitivity of the finger surface, the first one aimed to determine the location of the contact points, and the other for discrimination the slippage with varying rates. The results of the experiments showed a high level of pattern recognition.
Multi-particle finite-volume effects for hexagon tessellations
Authors: de Leeuw Marius , Eden Burkhard , le Plat Dennis , Meier Tim , Sfondrini Alessandro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Correlation functions of gauge-invariant composite operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory can be computed by integrability using triangulations. The elementary tile in this process is the hexagon, which should be glued by appropriately inserting resolutions of the identity involving virtual (“mirror”) magnons. We consider this problem for five-point functions of protected operators. At one-loop in the ’t Hooft coupling, it is necessary to glue three adjacent tiles which involves two virtual magnons scattering among each other. We show that the result can be simplified by using an adapted mirror rotation and employing appropriate summation techniques. The mirror-particle contributions then yield hyperlogarithms of weight two. Finally, we use these results to investigate braiding prescriptions introduced in earlier work on the problem.
Knochentransplantation oder Biomaterial?
Authors: Rupp Markus , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Klute Lisa , Frank Leona , Alt Volker 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Ziel der Arbeit war es, (1) die Gesamtzahl der operativen Eingriffe mit autologer bzw. allogener Knochentransplantation sowie Biomaterialien zu analysieren. (2) Es sollten die unterschiedlichen Arten von Biomaterialien, autologen und allogenen Knochentransplantationen untersucht und (3) die zusätzliche Anwendung eines Antibiotikumzusatzes bei Biomaterialien analysiert werden.

Methodik
Daten wurden vom Statistischen Bundesamt für das Jahr 2018 bezogen. Durch die Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssel 5‑784 „Knochentransplantation und -transposition“ und 5‑785 „Implantation von alloplastischem Knochenersatz“ konnten die Prozedurhäufigkeit der Implantation von Biomaterialien, wie Kalziumphosphatkeramiken, Kalziumsulfate, Kalziumphosphatzemente und Polymethylmethacrylat, sowie autologem und allogenem Knochen zur Defektrekonstruktion an Extremitäten und Becken analysiert werden.

Ergebnisse
Im Jahr 2018 wurden insgesamt 99.863 Prozeduren unter Verwendung von Autografts (54.784, 55 %). Biomaterialien (23.838, 24 %) und Allografts (21.241, 21 %) durchgeführt. Sowohl bei Autografts als auch bei Allografts kamen am häufigsten Spongiosaplastiken (77 % resp. 79 %) zum Einsatz. Bei den Biomaterialien wurden Keramiken (42 %) häufiger als Knochenzemente (37 %) benutzt (sonstige Biomaterialien 21 %). Bei 16.027 (67 %) der Biomaterialien wurde kein Antibiotikumzusatz verwendet. Antibiotikumzusatz kam v. a. bei Knochenzementen zum Einsatz (6612 Fälle, 75 %).

Schlussfolgerung
Im Jahr 2018 wurden insgesamt bei einer beträchtlichen Anzahl von 99.863 Eingriffen zur Knochendefektrekonstruktion Knochentransplantate bzw. Biomaterialien eingesetzt. Bei mehr als der Hälfte der Fälle wurde autologer Knochen (55 %), ungefähr einem Viertel Biomaterialien (24 %) und etwa einem Fünftel (21 %) allogener Knochen eingesetzt. Als Biomaterial wurden Keramiken (42 %) öfter als Zemente (37 %) verwendet. Antibiotikumzusatz kam v. a. bei Zementen zum Einsatz (75 %).
How agile teams make self-assignment work: a grounded theory study
Authors: Masood Zainab , Hoda Rashina , Blincoe Kelly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelf-assignment, a self-directed method of task allocation in which teams and individuals assign and choose work for themselves, is considered one of the hallmark practices of empowered, self-organizing agile teams. Despite all the benefits it promises, agile software teams do not practice it as regularly as other agile practices such as iteration planning and daily stand-ups, indicating that it is likely not an easy and straighforward practice. There has been very little empirical research on self-assignment. This Grounded Theory study explores how self-assignment works in agile projects. We collected data through interviews with 42 participants representing 28 agile teams from 23 software companies and supplemented these interviews with observations. Based on rigorous application of Grounded Theory analysis procedures such as open, axial, and selective coding, we present a comprehensive grounded theory of making self-assignment work that explains the (a) context and (b) causal conditions that give rise to the need for self-assignment, (c) a set of facilitating conditions that mediate how self-assignment may be enabled, (d) a set of constraining conditions that mediate how self-assignment may be constrained and which are overcome by a set of (e) strategies applied by agile teams, which in turn result in (f) a set of consequences, all in an attempt to make the central phenomenon, self-assignment, work. The findings of this study will help agile practitioners and companies understand different aspects of self-assignment and practice it with confidence regularly as a valuable practice. Additionally, it will help teams already practicing self-assignment to apply strategies to overcome the challenges they face on an everyday basis.
Indicators of Healthy Architecture—a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rice Louis , Drane Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe design of the built environment plays an important role as a determinant of health. As a society, we are spending an increasing proportion of our time indoors and now spend over 80% of our life inside, so the design of buildings can greatly impact on human health. Accordingly, architecture health indices (AHIs) are used to evidence the effects on human health associated with the design of buildings. AHIs provide quantitative and empirical data upon which architects, clients, users and other stakeholders might monitor and evaluate the healthiness (or otherwise) of architectural design. A systematic literature review was conducted to reveal the current state of knowledge, reveal gaps, explore potential usage and highlight best practice in this area. Whilst there are a number of different health indicators for the built/urban environments more generally, the scope of this review is limited to the scale of a building and specifically those aspects within the remit of a professional architect. In order to examine the range and characteristics of AHIs currently in use, this review explored three electronic bibliographic databases from January 2008 to January 2019. A two-stage selection was undertaken and screening against eligibility criteria checklist carried out. From 15 included studies, 127 documents were identified, and these included 101 AHI. A sample of the most commonly used AHIs was then analysed at an item level. The review reveals that most AHIs are limited to measuring communicable diseases that directly affect physical health through e.g. air quality or water quality. There are very few indicators focusing on factors affecting mental and social health; given the increase in mental and social health problems, greater focus on AHIs related to these health issues should be included. Furthermore, the research reveals an absence of AHIs that address non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As the majority of all poor health outcomes globally are now related to NCDs, and many are associated with the design of the built environment, there is an urgent need to address this situation.
Fast automatic camera network calibration through human mesh recovery
Authors: Garau Nicola , De Natale Francesco G. B. , Conci Nicola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCamera calibration is a necessary preliminary step in computer vision for the estimation of the position of objects in the 3D world. Despite the intrinsic camera parameters can be easily computed offline, extrinsic parameters need to be computed each time a camera changes its position, thus not allowing for fast and dynamic network re-configuration. In this paper we present an unsupervised and automatic framework for the estimation of the extrinsic parameters of a camera network, which leverages on optimised 3D human mesh recovery from a single image, and which does not require the use of additional markers. We show how it is possible to retrieve the real-world position of the cameras in the network together with the floor plane, exploiting regular RGB images and with a weak prior knowledge of the internal parameters. Our framework can also work with a single camera and in real-time, allowing the user to add, re-position, or remove cameras from the network in a dynamic fashion.
Gradient of Residual Stress and Lattice Parameter in Mechanically Polished Tungsten Measured Using Classical X-rays and Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Oponowicz Adrian , Marciszko-Wiąckowska Marianna , Baczmański Andrzej , Klaus Manuela , Genzel Christoph , Wroński Sebastian , Kollbek Kamila , Wróbel Mirosław 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, the stress gradient in mechanically polished tungsten sample was studied using X-ray diffraction methods. To determine in-depth stress evolution in the very shallow subsurface region (up to 10 μm), special methods based on reflection geometry were applied. The subsurface stresses (depth up to 1 μm) were measured using the multiple-reflection grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method with classical characteristic X-rays, while the deeper volumes (depth up to 10 μm) were investigated using energy-dispersive diffraction with white high energy synchrotron beam. Both complementary methods allowed for determining in-depth stress profile and the evolution of stress-free lattice parameter. It was confirmed that the crystals of tungsten are elastically isotropic, which simplifies the stress analysis and makes tungsten a suitable material for testing stress measurement methods. Furthermore, it was found that an important compressive stress of about − 1000 MPa was generated on the surface of the mechanically polished sample, and this stress decreases to zero value at the depth of about 9 μm. On the other hand, the strain-free lattice parameter does not change significantly in the examined subsurface region.
Levomepromazine and clozapine induce the main human cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4
Authors: Danek Przemysław J. , Basińska-Ziobroń Agnieszka , Wójcikowski Jacek , Daniel Władysława A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved in the metabolism of many important endogenous substrates (steroids, melatonin), drugs and toxic xenobiotics. Their induction accelerates drug metabolism and elimination. The present study aimed at examining the inducing abilities of two antipsychotic drugs levomepromazine and clozapine for the main CYPs.

Methods
The experiments were performed using cryopreserved human hepatocytes. The hepatotoxicity of levomepromazine and clozapine was assessed after exposure to the neuroleptics (LDH test). CYP activities were measured in the incubation medium using the CYP-specific reactions: caffeine 3-N-demethylation (CYP1A1/2), diclofenac 4′-hydroxylation (CYP2C9), perazine N-demethylation (CYP2C19) and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation (CYP3A4). In parallel, CYP mRNA levels were measured in neuroleptic-treated hepatocytes.

Results
The results indicate that levomepromazine and clozapine induce the expression of main CYP enzyme CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes. Levomepromazine and clozapine at concentrations of 2.5 and 10 µM, respectively, caused a significant increase in the mRNA level and activity of CYP3A4. Both neuroleptics did not produce any changes in CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.

Conclusion
Levomepromazine and clozapine induce CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes in vitro. Further in vivo studies are advisable to confirm the CYP3A4 induction by levomepromazine and clozapine in the liver, and to assess the effect of these drugs on their own metabolism and on the biotransformation of other co-administered drugs which are the CYP3A4 substrates.