bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forests do not limit bumble bee foraging movements in a montane meadow complex
Authors: Mola John M. , Miller Michael R. , O'Rourke Sean M. , Williams Neal M. 
Published: March 2020

1. Understanding the roles of habitat fragmentation and resource availability in shaping animal movement are integral for promoting species persistence and conservation. For insects such as bumble bees, their movement patterns affect the survival and reproductive potential of their colonies, as well as the pollen flow of plant species. However, the understanding of their mobility or the impact of putative barriers in natural environments is limited due to the technical difficulties of studying wild populations.2. Genetic mark–recapture was used to estimate the foraging distance, resource use, and site connectivity of two bumble bee species in a montane meadow complex composed of open meadows within a matrix of forest.3. There was no evidence that forests or changes in landcover function as barriers to the fine‐scale movement for either species. Substantially greater colony‐specific foraging distances were found forBombus vosnesenskii(maximum: 1867 m) compared toBombus bifarius(maximum: 362 m). Despite this difference in absolute range, both species were detected across putative forest barriers at frequencies expected by uninhibited movement. Siblings separated by greater distances were more likely to be foraging on different floral species, potentially suggesting a resource‐based motivation for movement.4. These results suggest that bumble bee foraging patterns are influenced by species‐specific differences in movement capacity, with little influence of matrix composition between resource patches. They also support the perspective that habitat conservation for bumble bees should prioritise providing abundant and diverse patches of resources within species‐specific movement radii with less emphasis on matrix composition.
Tracking invasions of a destructive defoliator, the gypsy moth (Erebidae: Lymantria dispar): Population structure, origin of intercepted specimens, and Asian introgression into North America
Authors: Wu Yunke , Bogdanowicz Steven M. , Andres Jose A. , Vieira Kendra A. , Wang Baode , Cossé Allard , Pfister Scott E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGenetic data can help elucidate the dynamics of biological invasions, which are fueled by the constant expansion of international trade. The introduction of European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) into North America is a classic example of human‐aided invasion that has caused tremendous damage to North American temperate forests. Recently, the even more destructive Asian gypsy moth (mainly L. d. asiatica and L. d. japonica) has been intercepted in North America, mostly transported by cargo ships. To track invasion pathways, we developed a diagnostic panel of 60 DNA loci (55 nuclear and 5 mitochondrial) to characterize worldwide genetic differentiation within L. dispar and its sister species L. umbrosa. Hierarchical analyses supported strong differentiation and recovered five geographic groups that correspond to (1) North America, (2) Europe plus North Africa and Middle East, (3) the Urals, Central Asia, and Russian Siberia, (4) continental East Asia, and (5) the Japanese islands. Interestingly, L. umbrosa was grouped with L. d. japonica, and the introduced North American population exhibits remarkable distinctiveness from contemporary European counterparts. Each geographic group, except for North America, shows additional lower‐level structures when analyzed individually, which provided the basis for inference of the origin of invasive specimens. Two assignment approaches consistently identified a coastal area of continental East Asia as the major source for Asian invasion during 2014–2015, with Japan being another source. By analyzing simulation and laboratory crosses, we further provided evidence for the occurrence of natural Asian–North American hybrids in the Pacific Northwest, raising concerns for introgression of Asian alleles that may accelerate range expansion of gypsy moth in North America. Our study demonstrates how genetic data contribute to bio‐surveillance of invasive species with results that can inform regulatory management and reduce the frequency of trade‐associated invasions.
Pharmacists prescribing: A professional restratification or a back to the future scenario?
Authors: Paterson Audrey S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSubstantial effort has been applied to researching government initiatives aimed at increasing efficiency and cost effectiveness within the U.K. healthcare system, particularly in terms of medical practice. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of these on the boundaries of authority within the setting of hospital pharmacies. This paper utilizes the sociology of the professions to analyze and report on hospital pharmacist prescribing in Scotland. The findings indicate a reduction in the authority of the medical profession and that medical practice can be subjected to rationalization in the same way as other occupations, which is of sociological importance.
Global quantitative synthesis of ecosystem functioning across climatic zones and ecosystem types
Authors: Gounand Isabelle , Little Chelsea J. , Harvey Eric , Altermatt Florian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimProviding a quantitative overview of ecosystem functioning in a three‐dimensional space defined by ecosystem stocks, fluxes and rates, across major ecosystem types and climatic zones.LocationGlobal.Time period1966–2019.Major taxa studiedEcosystem‐level measurements (all organism types).MethodsWe conducted a global quantitative synthesis of a wide range of ecosystem variables related to carbon stocks and fluxes. We gathered a total of 4,479 values from 1,223 individual sites (unique geographical coordinates) reported in the literature (604 studies), covering ecosystem variables including biomass and detritus stocks, gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, detritus decomposition and carbon uptake rates, across eight major aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem types and five broad climatic zones (arctic, boreal, temperate, arid and tropical). We analysed the relationships among variables emerging from the comparisons of stocks, fluxes and rates across ecosystem types and climates.ResultsWithin our three‐dimensional functioning space, average ecosystems align along a gradient from fast rates–low fluxes and stocks (freshwater and pelagic marine ecosystems) to low rates–high fluxes and stocks (forests), a gradient that we hypothesize results mainly from variation in primary producer characteristics. Moreover, fluxes and rates decrease from warm to colder climates, consistent with the metabolic theory of ecology. However, the strength of climatic effects differs among variables and ecosystem types, resulting, for instance, in opposing effects on net ecosystem production between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems (positive versus negative effects).Main conclusionsThis large‐scale synthesis provides a first quantified cross‐ecosystem and cross‐climate comparison of multivariate ecosystem functioning. This gives a basis for a mechanistic understanding of the interdependency of different aspects of ecosystem functioning and their sensitivity to global change. To anticipate responses to change at the ecosystem level, further work should investigate potential feedbacks between ecosystem variables at finer scales, which involves site‐level quantifications of multivariate functioning and theoretical developments.
Diagnostic implications of mycetoma derived from Madurella pseudomycetomatis isolates from Mexico
Authors: Nyuykonge B. , Klaassen C.H.W. , Zandijk W.H.A. , de Hoog G.S. , Ahmed S.A. , Desnos‐Ollivier M. , Verbon A. , Bonifaz A. , van de Sande W.W.J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt the dermatology service of the General Hospital of Mexico City, Mexico, two patients, father and son, with black‐grain mycetoma were seen. The grains were isolated, and the cultured fungi were identified as Madurella mycetomatis based on morphology. Using the M. mycetomatis specific PCR, amplicons of a different size than that of the M. mycetomatis type strain were obtained.ObjectiveTo determine the causative agent of the two black‐grain mycetoma cases and develop non‐culture‐based diagnostic tools to identify them to the species level.MethodsThe M. mycetomatis specific, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, β‐tubulin (BT) and ribosomal binding protein 2 (RBP2) PCRs were used to confirm the identity of the isolates. Genetic variation was established by amplification fragment length polymorphisms. To determine the antifungal susceptibility profile, the Sensititre™ YeastOne™ assay was used. To develop a species‐specific PCR primers were designed on the sequenced PCR amplicon from the M. mycetomatis specific PCR.ResultsBy analyzing the ITS, BT and RBP2 regions the isolates were identified as Madurella pseudomycetomatis. The isolates from father and son were similar but not identical to M. pseudomycetomatis from Venezuela and one from an unknown origin. Madurella pseudomycetomatis isolates were inhibited by itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole but showed increased MIC values for amphotericin B and fluconazole. They were not inhibited by the echinocandins and five flucytosine. The two patients were treated with itraconazole resulting in cure for the father while the son was lost to follow‐up. The species‐specific PCR developed for M. pseudomyceotmatis was discriminative and specific.ConclusionMadurella pseudomycetomatis is genetically diverse with same susceptibility profile as M. mycetomatis and causes eumycetoma in Latin America. The M. pseudomycetomatis specific PCR can be used to identify this causative agent to the species level; however, this needs to be validated in an endemic setting.
Comparative age‐specific demography of four commercially important deep‐water snappers: implication for fishery management of a long‐lived lutjanid
Authors: Uehara Masato , Ebisawa Akihiko , Ohta Itaru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLutjanid snappers belonging to the subfamilies Apsilinae and Etelinae are commercially valuable components of tropical deep‐water fisheries throughout much of the Indo‐Pacific region. Based on age assessment using sagittal otoliths, the age‐specific demographic characteristics of four deep‐water snappers, Etelis coruscans, Paracaesio caerulea, Pristipomoides filamentosus and Pristipomoides sieboldii, in the Okinawa Islands, southwestern Japan, were examined, and the results were discussed for fishery management. Age validation using edge‐type analysis demonstrated that opaque zones in all species were formed once per year and were considered valid annual growth increments. The von Bertalanffy growth equations were also determined for each species. These snappers are long‐lived (>50 years for E. coruscans and P. caerulea and >30 years for the two species of Pristipomoides) and relatively slow‐growing. The age of acquiring sexual maturity in females was relatively later in E. coruscans, P. caerulea and P. filamentosus than in P. sieboldii. The results revealed differences in the biological traits among these four species; E. coruscans and P. caerulea with long life spans and late maturation are particularly more vulnerable to fishing impact than the two Pristipomoides species. Therefore, further approaches to decrease and control fishing intensity, such as networking of marine‐protected areas and regulation to control the numbers of boats and/or the total allowable catch, are necessary for the management of the stock of these species, especially for E. coruscans and P. caerulea.
Asymmetric cytokinin signaling opposes gravitropism in roots
Authors: Waidmann Sascha , Kleine‐Vehn Jürgen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlants depend on gravity to provide the constant landmark for downward root growth and upward shoot growth. The phytohormone auxin and its cell‐to‐cell transport machinery are central determinants ensuring gravitropic growth. Statolith sedimentation toward gravity is sensed in specialized cells. This positional cue is translated into the polar distribution of PIN auxin efflux carriers at the plasma membrane, leading to asymmetric auxin distribution and consequently, differential growth and organ bending. While we have started to understand the general principles of how primary organs execute gravitropism, we currently lack basic understanding of how lateral plant organs can defy gravitropic responses. Here we briefly review the establishment of the oblique gravitropic set point angle in lateral roots and particularly discuss the emerging role of asymmetric cytokinin signaling as a central anti‐gravitropic signal. Differential cytokinin signaling is co‐opted in gravitropic lateral and hydrotropic primary roots to counterbalance gravitropic root growth.
SUMOylation controls the neurodevelopmental function of the transcription factor Zbtb20
Authors: Ripamonti Silvia , Shomroni Orr , Rhee Jeong Seop , Chowdhury Kamal , Jahn Olaf , Hellmann Klaus Peter , Bonn Stefan , Brose Nils , Tirard Marilyn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSUMOylation is a dynamic post‐translational protein modification that primarily takes place in cell nuclei, where it plays a key role in multiple DNA‐related processes. In neurons, the SUMOylation‐dependent control of a subset of neuronal transcription factors is known to regulate various aspects of nerve cell differentiation, development, and function. In an unbiased screen for endogenous SUMOylation targets in the developing mouse brain, based on a His6‐HA‐SUMO1 knock‐in mouse line, we previously identified the transcription factor Zinc finger and BTB domain‐containing 20 (Zbtb20) as a new SUMO1‐conjugate. We show here that the three key SUMO paralogues SUMO1, SUMO2, and SUMO3 can all be conjugated to Zbtb20 in vitro in HEK293FT cells, and we confirm the SUMOylation of Zbtb20 in vivo in mouse brain. Using primary hippocampal neurons from wild‐type and Zbtb20 knock‐out (KO) mice as a model system, we then demonstrate that the expression of Zbtb20 is required for proper nerve cell development and neurite growth and branching. Furthermore, we show that the SUMOylation of Zbtb20 is essential for its function in this context, and provide evidence indicating that SUMOylation affects the Zbtb20‐dependent transcriptional profile of neurons. Our data highlight the role of SUMOylation in the regulation of neuronal transcription factors that determine nerve cell development, and they demonstrate that key functions of the transcription factor Zbtb20 in neuronal development and neurite growth are under obligatory SUMOylation control.
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Influence of Addition of Different Nanoparticles on the Surface Properties of Poly(methylmethacrylate) Denture Base Material
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Abualsaud Reem , Al‐Thobity Ahmad M. , Baba Nadim Z. , Al‐Harbi Fahad A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare the surface properties (roughness and hardness) of poly(methylmethacrylate) denture base material modified with zirconium dioxide (ZNPs), silicon dioxide (SNPs), and diamond (DNPs) nanoparticles.Materials and methodsTwo hundred sixty heat‐polymerized acrylic resin disks (15 × 2 mm) were prepared. ZNPs, SNPs, and DNPs were added in concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% by weight of acrylic powder. This yielded a total of 13 groups for each test according to filler type and concentration (n = 10/group). The control group was made of pure acrylic. A mechanical polisher was used to standardize specimens’ surfaces before testing. A profilometer and Vickers hardness indenter were used to test the surface roughness and hardness, respectively. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsIn comparison to control, results showed a nonsignificant increase in surface roughness (Ra) of acrylic material after the addition of 0.5% nanoparticles (ZNPs p = 0.168, SNPs p = 0.166, and DNPs p = 0.177), while a significant increase was seen with all other concentrations (p ˂ 0.05). Ra values of ZNP and DNP groups were significantly higher than those of the SNPs group (p < 0.001). The addition of any of the fillers to acrylic denture base materials significantly increased the hardness (p ˂ 0.05), with ZNPs and DNPs having values lower than those of the SNPs group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAlthough nanofiller addition increased the hardness of denture base material, Ra was adversely affected when the concentration exceeded 0.5%. Therefore, 0.5% is suggested to be the most appropriate ratio to improve hardness with acceptable Ra.
Detection of Phagotrophy in the Marine Phytoplankton Group of the Coccolithophores (Calcihaptophycidae, Haptophyta) During Nutrient‐replete and Phosphate‐limited Growth
Authors: Avrahami Yoav , Frada Miguel J. 
Published: March 2020

Mixotrophic algae that combine photoautotrophy with phagotrophy in a single cell are prevalent in marine ecosystems. Here, we assessed the ability of food ingestion in coccolithophores, an important group of calcifying haptophytes inhabiting the oceans. We tested four species from different coccolithophore lineages (Emiliania huxleyi,Calcidiscus leptoporus,Coccolithus braarudii, andCalyptrosphaera sphaeroidea). For bothE. huxleyiandC. leptoporuswe included different life phases (haploid and diploid). ForC. braarudiiwe only tested diploid heterococcolithophore cells, while forC. sphaeroideawe only tested haploid holococcolithophore cells. Phagotrophy was assessed using fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB) as model prey item, under nutrient‐replete and phosphate‐limited conditions. We detected by microscopy ingestion of FLB by all species, except the diploidC. braarudiistrain. However, a previous study detected ingestion by haploid cells ofC. braarudii. These overall results indicate that mixotrophy and the ability to ingest prey is widespread in coccolithophores. Yet, in all tested species the ingestion of FLB was low (<1% of the population contained prey at all time points over 2 days), namely forE. huxleyiand the diploid cells fromC. leptoporuswhere detection of ingestion was sporadic. Moreover, no clear differences were detected between life phases inE. huxleyiandC. leptoporusunder equal circumstances, or between replete and limited growth conditions.
Association of oral health‐related quality of life measures with aggressive and chronic periodontitis
Authors: Fuller Jennifer , Donos Nikos , Suvan Jeanie , Tsakos George , Nibali Luigi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveEvidence suggests that periodontitis has a negative effect on the quality of life of an individual, with increased impacts by greater disease severity. The aim of this study was to assess the association between quality of life and the presence of different severity and forms of periodontitis (aggressive and chronic), compared to a disease‐free control group.Materials and MethodsFour hundred and seventy one study participants were classified according to periodontal diagnosis using the 1999 Consensus Classification into chronic periodontitis (CP), aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and periodontally healthy. Oral health‐related quality of life was assessed using the OHIP‐14 questionnaire. Outcomes consisted of the prevalence of oral impacts reported occasionally, fairly often or very often (OFOVO) as well as fairly often or very often (FOVO), OHIP‐14 total and domain scores. Logistic and linear regression analyses were carried out to test associations between periodontal diagnosis and quality of life outcomes, adjusted for smoking, age, ethnicity and body mass index.ResultsOver 90% of periodontitis patients reported at least one oral impact experienced occasionally, fairly often or very often (OFOVO) compared with 53.8% of periodontally healthy controls (P < .001). After adjustment for covariates, significant differences were found between the periodontitis groups and healthy controls for OHIP‐14 outcome scores (P < .001) and across all of the OHIP‐14 domains (P < .005). These differences were clinically meaningful as they were higher than the measurement errors. No significant differences were identified between AgP and CP in adjusted analysis when comparing OHIP‐14 scores.ConclusionPatients with periodontitis have worse quality of life than periodontally healthy individuals, with differences being clinically meaningful. AgP patients reported worse OHRQoL overall compared to CP patients, but these moderate and meaningful differences were explained through the adjustment process.
Scientific Collaboration with Educators: Practical Insights from an in‐Class Noise‐Reduction Intervention
Authors: Massonnié Jessica , Frasseto Philippe , Mareschal Denis , Kirkham Natasha Z. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTMoving the field of Mind, Brain, and Education forward requires researchers and educators to reframe the boundaries of their own discipline in order to create knowledge that is both scientifically based, and of practical relevance for education. We believe that this could be done by co‐constructing research projects from the start. We present a case study of a noise‐reduction intervention in elementary classrooms, in which teachers and researchers worked together from the onset of study design. We examine the processes behind: (1) selecting research questions and measures, (2) planning interventions, (3) receiving ethical approval and funding, (4) recruiting schools, and (5) collecting data. At each step, our study provides suggestions for future collaborative efforts, keeping in mind broader theoretical and methodological implications. We believe that our concrete examples and suggestions will be useful for beginning and confirmed researchers, as well as teachers aiming to know more about research projects.
Testing of the Nursing Evidence‐Based Practice Survey
Authors: Crawford Cecelia L. , Rondinelli June , Zuniga Stephen , Valdez Regina M. , Cullen Laura , Hanrahan Kirsten , Titler Marita G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinicians’ knowledge and skills for evidence‐based practice (EBP) and organizational climate are important for science‐based care. There is scant literature regarding aligning organizational culture with EBP implementation and even less for unit and organizational culture. The Nursing EBP Survey examines individual, unit, and organizational factors to better understand registered nurses’ (RN) self‐reported EBP.AimsEstablish and confirm factor loading, reliability, and discriminant validity for the untested Nursing EBP Survey.MethodsThe study employed a descriptive cross‐sectional survey design and was targeted for RNs. The setting included 14 hospitals and 680 medical offices in Southern California. The 1999 instrument consisted of 22 items; 7 items were added in 2005 for 29 items. The questionnaire used a 5 point, Likert‐type scale. The survey website opened in November 2016 and closed after 23 weeks. Psychometric testing and factor determination used parallel analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and ANOVA post hoc comparisons.ResultsOne thousand one hundred and eighty‐one RNs completed the survey. All factor loadings in the CFA model were positive and significant (p < .001). All standardized loadings ranged from .70 to .94. The covariance estimate between Factor 1 and Factor 2 was marginally significant (p = .07). All other covariances and error variances were significant (p < .001). Final factor names were Practice Climate (Factor 1), Data Collection (Factor 2), Evidence Appraisal (Factor 3), Implementation (Factor 4), and Access to Evidence (Factor 5). Four of 5 factors showed significant differences between education levels (p < .05 level). All factors showed significant differences (p < .05) between inpatient and ambulatory staff, with higher scores for inpatient settings.Linking Evidence to ActionNurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills for EBP vary. The 2019 Nursing EBP survey offers RNs direction to plan and support improvement in evidence‐based outcomes and tailors future EBP initiatives.