bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD24, not CD47, negatively impacts upon response to PD‐1/L1 inhibitors in non–small‐cell lung cancer with PD‐L1 tumor proportion score < 50
Authors: Ozawa Yuichi , Harutani Yuhei , Oyanagi Jun , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Murakami Eriko , Shibaki Ryota , Hayata Atsushi , Sugimoto Takeya , Tanaka Masanori , Takakura Toshiaki , Furuta Katsuyuki , Okuda Yuka , Sato Kouichi , Teraoka Shunsuke , Ueda Hiroki , Tokudome Nahomi , Kitamura Yuka , Fukuoka Junya , Nakanishi Masanori , Koh Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCD24, a heavily glycosylated glycosylphosphatidylinositol–anchored surface protein, inhibits phagocytosis as potently as CD47. The relationship between such anti‐phagocytic factors and the immune response with immune–checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) remains unexplored. We evaluated CD24 and CD47 tumor proportion scores (TPS) in 68 of the 106 patients with advanced non–small‐cell lung cancer who participated in a prospective observational study of ICI treatment. We also explored the impact of CD24 TPS and CD47 TPS on ICI efficacy and serum cytokine changes. CD24 positivity (TPS ≥ 1) was negatively associated with progression–free survival (PFS) of ICI when PD‐L1 TPS was < 50 (median PFS; 37 vs 127 d, P = .033), but there was no association when PD‐L1 TPS was ≥ 50 (median PFS; 494 vs 144 d, P = .168). CD24 positivity was also related to significantly higher increase of CCL2 from baseline to 4‐6 wk later, and such increase was notably observed only when PD‐L1 TPS < 50 (P = .0004). CCL2 increase after ICI initiation was negatively predictive for survival after initiation of ICI (median survival time; not reached vs 233 d; P = .028). CD47 TPS high (≥60) significantly suppressed the increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A, D and PDGF‐AB/BB after ICI initiation. There was no association, however, between CD47 tumor expression and the efficacy of ICI. In conclusion, CD24, not CD47, is a candidate negative predictive marker of ICI in advanced, non–small‐cell lung cancer with PD‐L1 TPS < 50. Tumor expression of both CD24 and CD47 was associated with changes in factors related to monocytes and angiogenesis after ICI initiation (UMIN000024414).
Alterations in intrinsic functional networks in Parkinson’s disease patients with depression: A resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Qiu Yi‐Hui , Huang Zhi‐Heng , Gao Yu‐Yuan , Feng Shu‐Jun , Huang Biao , Wang Wan‐Yi , Xu Qi‐Huan , Zhao Jie‐Hao , Zhang Yu‐Hu , Wang Li‐Min , Nie Kun , Wang Li‐Juan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this research was to investigate the alterations in functional brain networks and to assess the relationship between depressive impairment and topological network changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with depression (DPD).MethodsTwenty‐two DPD patients, 23 PD patients without depression (NDPD), and 25 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. All participants were examined by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Graph theoretical analysis and network‐based statistic methods were used to analyze brain network topological properties and abnormal subnetworks, respectively.ResultsThe DPD group showed significantly decreased local efficiency compared with the HC group (P = .008, FDR corrected). In nodal metrics analyses, the degree of the right inferior occipital gyrus (P = .0001, FDR corrected) was positively correlated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores in the DPD group. Meanwhile, the temporal visual cortex, including the bilateral middle temporal gyri and right inferior temporal gyrus in the HC and NDPD groups and the left posterior cingulate gyrus in the NDPD group, was defined as hub region, but not in the DPD group. Compared with the HC group, the DPD group had extensive weakening of connections between the temporal‐occipital visual cortex and the prefrontal‐limbic network.ConclusionsThese results suggest that PD depression is associated with disruptions in the topological organization of functional brain networks, mainly involved the temporal‐occipital visual cortex and the posterior cingulate gyrus and may advance our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying DPD.
Dyeing properties on polyurethane fibres of novel azo disperse dyes prepared from a four‐component Ugi reaction
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Feng Gaofeng , Fang Shuaijun , Qian HongFei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new group of azo disperse dyes prepared by the Ugi four‐component reaction were used to dye polyurethane fibres. It was found that all the new dyes showed excellent fastness properties. One of the new dyes was selected to investigate the adsorption properties on polyurethane fibres, including the dyeing rate, adsorption isotherm, surface adsorption state, colour characteristics and colour fastness. The results were compared with those of CI Disperse Orange 3, which has the same parent structure as the new dye. The results indicated that the new dye has a lower dyeing rate and solubility but a higher affinity and adsorption capacity than the conventional dye due to its larger molecular weight and size. In addition, the aggregation of the new dye on the surface of polyurethane fibres occurred at higher concentrations whereas the conventional dyes aggregated at a lower concentration, resulting in lower colour fastness. This demonstrates that these new dyes derived from the Ugi four‐component reaction are worth developing further and are of great application value for polyurethane fibres.
Regulating Over‐indebtedness: Local State Power in Cambodia's Microfinance Market
Authors: Green W. Nathan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTCambodian microfinance borrowers are suffering from an over‐indebtedness crisis. In the past 20 years, the Cambodian government has implemented financial reforms that have commercialized the microfinance sector and promoted industry self‐regulation. Echoing long‐standing concerns about neoliberal microfinance, critics maintain that these reforms have hollowed out the Cambodian state's ability to regulate a highly competitive market, thereby exacerbating the problem of over‐indebtedness. In contrast, based upon 20 months of ethnographic research in southern Cambodia by the author, this article argues that the microfinance market would not function without local authorities performing key regulatory roles of the state. These local authorities include commune councillors — elected representatives of multiple villages — who work closely with village leaders and local police. They are the primary state actors who enforce the property rights and loan contracts upon which Cambodia's microfinance market depends. The author analyses how this local state regulation contributes to household indebtedness by encouraging multiple borrowing, rural out‐migration and land repossession. The article advances development studies scholarship on over‐indebtedness by demonstrating that the inequitable outcomes of neoliberal microfinance can be better understood, and contested, by interrogating the multi‐scalar spaces of state regulatory power.
Prenatal cytomegalovirus, rubella, and Zika virus infections associated with developmental disabilities: past, present, and future
Authors: Gordon‐Lipkin Eliza , Hoon Alexander , Pardo Carlos A 
Published: October 2020

Prenatal infections have long been recognized as important, preventable causes of developmental disabilities. The list of pathogens that are recognized to have deleterious effects on fetal brain development continues to grow, most recently with the association between Zika virus (ZIKV) and microcephaly. To answer clinical questions in real time about the impact of a novel infection on developmental disabilities, an historical framework is key. The lessons learned from three historically important pathogens: rubella, cytomegalovirus, and ZIKV, and how these lessons are useful to approach emerging congenital infections are discussed in this review. Congenital infections are preventable causes of developmental disabilities and several public health approaches may be used to prevent prenatal infection. When they cannot be prevented, the sequelae of prenatal infection may be treatable.What this paper adds

The list of prenatal infections associated with developmental disabilities continues to increase.

Lessons learned from rubella, cytomegalovirus, and Zika virus have implications for new pathogens.

Severity of illness in the mother does not correlate with severity of sequelae in the infant.
Assessment of right ventricular function following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation—The role of speckle‐tracking echocardiography: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Barssoum Kirolos , Altibi Ahmed M. , Rai Devesh , Kharsa Adnan , Kumar Ashish , Chowdhury Medhat , Elkaryoni Ahmed , Abuzaid Ahmed Sami , Baibhav Bipul , Parikh Vishal , Masri Ahmad , Amsallem Myriam , Nanda Navin C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular failure (RVF) following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is associated with worse outcomes. Prediction of RVF is difficult with routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), while speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE) showed promising results. We performed systematic review and meta‐analysis of published literature.MethodsWe queried multiple databases to compile articles reporting preoperative or intraoperative right ventricle global longitudinal strain (RVGLS) or right ventricle free wall strain (RVFWS) in LVAD recipients. The standard mean difference (SMD) in RVGLS and RVFWS in patients with and without RVF postoperatively was pooled using random‐effects model.ResultsSeventeen studies were included. Patients with RVF had significantly lower RVGLS and RVFWS as compared to non‐RVF patients; SMD: 2.79 (95% CI: −4.07 to −1.50; P: <.001) and −3.05 (95% CI: −4.11 to −1.99; P: <.001), respectively. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for RVF per percentage increase of RVGLS and RVFWS were 1.10 (95 CI: 0.98–1.25) and 1.63 (95% CI 1.07–2.47), respectively. In a subgroup analysis, TTE‐derived GLS and FWS were significantly lower in RVF patients as compared to non‐RVF patients; SMD of −3.97 (95% CI: −5.40 to −2.54; P: <.001) and −3.05 (95% CI: −4.11 to −1.99; P: <.001), respectively. There was no significant difference between RVF and non‐RVF groups in TEE‐derived RVGLS and RVFWS.ConclusionRVGLS and RVFWS were lower in patients who developed RVF as compared to non‐RVF patients. In a subgroup analysis, TTE‐derived RVGLS and RVFWS were reduced in RVF patients as compared to non‐RVF patients. This difference was not reported with TEE.
Starting stiripentol in adults with Dravet syndrome? Watch for ammonia and carnitine
Authors: Zulfiqar Ali Quratulain , Marques Paula , Selvarajah Arunan , Tabarestani Sepideh , Sadoway Tara , Andrade Danielle M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveDravet syndrome (DS) is a rare cause of severe and pharmacoresistant epileptic encephalopathy. Stiripentol (STP) has a significant therapeutic benefit in the pediatric DS population. However, STP effects on adult patients have not been well studied. In our adult STP‐naive DS patient population, STP initiation was associated with encephalopathy, despite decreases in valproate and clobazam dosage. Here we explored the cause and treatment of encephalopathic manifestations associated with STP in adults.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with a confirmed clinical and genetic diagnosis of DS who attended the Adult Epilepsy Genetics Clinic were identified retrospectively. Patients who declined or discontinued STP after fewer than 3 months of use, patients who were deceased before starting STP or seizure‐free when the genetic diagnosis was confirmed, and those who started STP before leaving the pediatric system (<18 years) were excluded. Levels of ammonia, carnitine, and other anti‐epileptic drugs (AEDs) were observed for patients receiving STP. Patients with high ammonia levels who received carnitine supplementation were reevaluated. They were also offered an increased dosage of stiripentol if treatment with carnitine improved the encephalopathy.ResultsWe observed hyperammonemic encephalopathy in 77% of patients treated with STP. In seven of nine patients, we observed a rate of improvement in ammonia levels of 35% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21%–49%) at a mean carnitine dose of 991 ± 286 mg/d (range 660‐1320 mg/d). Five patients whose ammonia levels normalized were also offered an increase in STP dose and they were able to tolerate higher doses with improvement in side effects. Despite such adjustments, the mean maximum stiripentol dose reached was 14.89 ± 8.72 mg/kg/d, which is lower than what is typically recommended in children (50 mg/kg/d).SignificanceWe report hyperammonemia in adult STP‐naive patients who were on valproate and clobazam, despite dose reduction of the latter drugs. We also report that treatment with carnitine improved hyperammonemia, allowing the continuation of STP.
European small pelagic fish distribution under global change scenarios
Authors: Schickele Alexandre , Goberville Eric , Leroy Boris , Beaugrand Gregory , Hattab Tarek , Francour Patrice , Raybaud Virginie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe spectre of increasing impacts on exploited fish stocks in consequence of warmer climate conditions has become a major concern over the last decades. It is now imperative to improve the way we project the effects of future climate warming on fisheries. While estimating future climate‐induced changes in fish distribution is an important contribution to sustainable resource management, the impacts on European small pelagic fish—representing over 50% of the landings in the Mediterranean and Black Sea between 2000 and 2013—are yet largely understudied. Here, we investigated potential changes in the spatial distribution of seven of the most harvested small pelagic fish species in Europe under several climate change scenarios over the 21st century. For each species, we considered eight Species Distribution Models (SDMs), five General Circulation Models (GCMs) and three emission scenarios (the IPCC Representative Concentration Pathways; RCPs). Under all scenarios, our results revealed that the environmental suitability for most of the seven species may strongly decrease in the Mediterranean and western North Sea while increasing in the Black and Baltic Seas. This potential northward range expansion of species is supported by a strong convergence among projections and a low variability between RCPs. Under the most pessimistic scenario (RCP8.5), climate‐related local extinctions were expected in the south‐eastern Mediterranean basin. Our results highlight that a multi‐SDM, multi‐GCM, multi‐RCP approach is needed to produce more robust ecological scenarios of changes in exploited fish stocks in order to better anticipate the economic and social consequences of global climate change.
Post‐Soviet shifts in grazing and fire regimes changed the functional plant community composition on the Eurasian steppe
Authors: Freitag Martin , Kamp Johannes , Dara Andrey , Kuemmerle Tobias , Sidorova Tatyana V. , Stirnemann Ingrid A. , Velbert Frederike , Hölzel Norbert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobally, grasslands are shaped by grazing and fire, and grassland plants are adapted to these disturbances. However, temperate grasslands have been hotspots of land‐use change, and how such changes affect interrelations between herbivory, fire and vegetation are poorly understood. Such land‐use changes are widespread on the Eurasian steppe, where the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 triggered the abandonment of cropland and pasture on globally relevant scales. Thus, to determine how relationships between plant functional composition, grazing and fire patterns changed after the Soviet Union dissolved, we studied a 358,000 km2 region in the dry steppe of Kazakhstan, combining a large field dataset on plant functional traits with multi‐scale satellite data. We found that increases in burned area corresponded to decreases in livestock grazing across large areas. Furthermore, fires occurred more often with high cover of grasses with high leaf dry matter content and thus higher flammability, whereas higher grazing pressure favoured grazing‐tolerant woody forbs and ruderal plants with high specific leaf area. The current situation of low grazing pressure represents a historically exceptional, potentially non‐analogue state. We suggest that the dissolution of the Soviet Union caused the disturbance regime to shift from grazer to fire control. As grazing and fire each result in different plant functional compositions, we propose that this led to widespread increases in grasses and associated changes in steppe plant community structure. These changes have potentially occurred across an area of more than 2 million km2, representing much of the world's largest temperate grassland area, with globally relevant, yet poorly understood implications for biodiversity and ecosystem functions such as carbon cycling. Additionally, future steppe management must also consider positive implications of abandonment (‘rewilding’) because reverting the regime shift in disturbance and associated changes in vegetation would require grazing animals to be reintroduced across vast areas.
Impact of the interaction between mild and mild‐to‐moderate cognitive impairment with chronic health problems on hospital admission among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Amini Reza , Kawser Bushra 
Published: October 2020

AimThis study aims to examine the effect of concurrent mild and mild‐to‐moderate cognitive impairment with chronic diseases on hospital admission (HA) among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodThe National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011–2018), with 1225 respondents (each wave), were used. The number of HAs within 1 year was the outcome. Clock drawing test, delayed word recall test, self‐reported chronic diseases and their interactions were the independent variables.ResultsThe effect of cognitive impairment on the frequency of HAs varies for executive function and memory impairment. Executive function impairment concurrent with the history of heart attack or diabetes mellitus (DM) can increase the risk of HAs. Memory impairment concurrent with hypertension, DM or stroke can increase the chance of HAs.ConclusionScreening to identify mild and mild‐to‐moderate cognitive impairment at the time of admission can help to reduce the risk of rehospitalization, particularly for patients with DM, hypertension, stroke and heart attack. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1213–1220.
“The long arm of the household”: Gendered struggles in combining paid work with social and civil participation over the lifecourse
Authors: Parry Jane , Brookfield Katherine , Bolton Vicki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSuccessfully combining paid work and various forms of social and civil participation is commonly assumed to be beneficial to both individuals and society. However, integrating these aspects can be difficult, partly because they can be connected through relationships that operate in opposing directions. Combining paid work and participation over the long term can be especially challenging, as the factors informing each continuously evolve. This balancing act may be particularly difficult for women who, relative to men, often manage greater caring responsibilities alongside work. To build understanding of these matters, we weave together the participation and work‐related content of the UK's National Child Development Study and the associated Social Participation and Identity Study (2008). Using TSOL (total social organization of labor), we unpack a bidirectional relationship between these items and highlight the importance of household dynamics and gender. Paid work's flexibility, autonomy, predictability, and intensity also emerge as important elements in achieving a sustainable work–participation balance.
Constraining a Flow Model with Field Measurements to Assess Water Transit Time Through a Vadose Zone
Authors: Boumaiza Lamine , Chesnaux Romain , Walter Julien , Stumpp Christine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe modeling of thick vadose zones is particularly challenging because of difficulties in collecting a variety of measured sediment properties, which are required for parameterizing the model. Some models rely on synthetic data, whereas others are simplified by running as homogeneous sediment domains and relying on a single set of sediment properties. Few studies have simulated flow processes through a thick vadose zone using real and comprehensive data sets comprising multiple measurements. Here, we develop a flow model for a 7‐m‐thick vadose zone. This model, combining the numerical codes CTRAN/W with SEEP/W, includes the measured sediment hydraulic properties of the investigated vadose zone and incorporates the actual climate and subsurface conditions of the study site (precipitations, water‐table elevations, and stable isotope data). The model is calibrated by fitting the simulated and measured vertical profiles of water content. Our flow model calculates a transit time of 1 year for the travel of water through the 7‐m vadose zone; this estimate matches stable isotope‐based results obtained previously for this site. A homogeneous sediment domain flow model, which considers only a single set of sediment properties, produces a transit time that is approximately half the duration of that of the heterogeneous flow model. This difference highlights the importance of assuming heterogeneous material within models of thick vadose zones and testifies to the advantage gained when using real sediment hydraulic properties to parametrize a flow model.
Wildfire and spruce beetle outbreak have mixed effects on below‐canopy temperatures in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest
Authors: Carlson Amanda R. , Sibold Jason S. , Negrón José F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimFine‐scale topography and canopy cover can play an important role in mediating effects of regional‐scale climate change on the below‐canopy environment in mountain forests. The aim of this study was to determine how below‐canopy temperatures in a high‐elevation Rocky Mountain forest have been affected by canopy change resulting from severe wildfire and spruce beetle outbreak within the last 10–15 years.LocationEastern San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA.TaxonPicea engelmannii,Abies lasiocarpa,Dendroctonus rufipennis.MethodsWe used a network of sensors to record temperatures for a full year in burned and beetle‐impacted areas. Using a Bayesian model that accounted for spatial structure in temperatures, we derived covariate parameters to determine the relative influence of topographic variables (elevation, aspect, slope, topographic position and solar radiation), live tree basal area and burned/unburned status on average daily maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax, Tmin) in summer and winter.ResultsModel parameters indicated that burned areas were warmer than unburned forest, with three of four average temperature variables (summer Tmax, winter Tmax, and winter Tmin) having >95% likelihood of a positive temperature difference in burned versus unburned locations. Mean temperature changes for these variables ranged from 0.41 to 0.74°C. Conversely, canopy loss in unburned, beetle‐killed forests did not meaningfully affect Tmax but resulted in slight cooling of Tmin. Modelled temperature changes resulting from 100% overstorey mortality were −1.29°C for summer Tmin (95% credible interval: −0.027 to −2.56°C) and −1.31°C for winter Tmin (95% credible interval: 0.17 to −2.79°C).Main ConclusionsOur results indicate that severe wildfire may exacerbate effects of climate change and increase the probability of ecosystem transitions. However, the effects of bark beetle outbreaks are more complex. Cooling of overnight minimum temperatures may counteract warming trends, but an increase in diurnal temperature ranges may have uncertain ecological consequences.