bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Compositae Family and Its Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Lopes Deise Cristina Drummond Xavier Paes , de Oliveira Temistocles Barroso , Viçosa Alessandra Lifsitch , Valverde Simone Sacramento , Ricci Júnior Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCompositae is the largest family of flowering plants, with more than 1600 genera and 22 000 species. It has many economic uses in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. The literature reports its numerous medicinal benefits and recognized anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, this study evaluated the technological trends of anti-inflammatory activity of Compositae, based on the survey of scientific databases, articles, and patents, as well as the website of the Brazilian National Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), which is responsible for registering and controlling of healthcare and cosmetic products in the Brazil. The survey was conducted between 2008 and 2018, in the databases Science Direct, Lilacs, PubMed, and Web of Science (main collection), as well as the SciELO Citation Index. The patent survey was carried out on the basis of the Derwent Innovations Index, an important source for worldwide patent consultation, which covers 20 y of registered patents. Despite the numerous studies involving species of the Compositae family in different models of anti-inflammatory activity, there are few records of patents or products on the market from these species for that purpose. Some species have a traditional use and are present even in the Phytotherapic Summary of the Brazilian Pharmacopeia. This review confirms the therapeutic potential of Compositae for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs and reinforces the need to develop competencies and reduce technological bottlenecks to promote research and innovation in biodiversity products.
Konzeption und Umsetzung eines Qualitätsmanagements für den ambulanten Rehabilitationssport bei Osteoporose in Bayern
Authors: Faul Martin , Kemmler Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungRehabilitationssport und Funktionstraining sind das vorherrschende Setting für Bewegungsangebote zur Osteoporosetherapie und Frakturprävention. Ein zentrales Problem beider Formate ist das Fehlen eines Qualitätsmanagement-Konzepts (QM-Konzepts), in dem neben der Strukturqualität auch zentrale Aspekte der Prozess- und/oder Ergebnisqualität adressiert werden. Ziele des vorliegenden Projekts, das in Kooperation mit dem BVS Bayern e. V. durchgeführt wurde, waren daher (a) die detaillierte Umsetzung eines validierten Trainingsprotokolls in „Osteoporose“-Rehasportgruppen, (b) die Entwicklung eines QM-Konzepts, das insbesondere auf die Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität abhebt, und (c) die Weiterentwicklung/Anpassung/Optimierung des Konzepts.Nach Evaluierung im Rahmen bestehender Rehabilitationssportgruppen in Bayern zeigte sich eine hohe Übertragbarkeit des wissenschaftlich evaluierten Trainingsprotokolls in die Trainingspraxis anerkannter Rehabilitationssportgruppen. Aus dem parallel validierten QM-Konzept wurde ein Qualitätssiegel ‚Sport pro Reha in Bayern‘ entwickelt, das an anerkannte Osteoporose-Rehabilitationssportgruppen, die am QM-Konzept des BVS Bayern teilnehmen, verliehen werden kann.
Expertentreffen COPD: Technologische Innovationen in der Pneumologie – Facetten aus Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Randerath W. , Dreher M. , Gompelmann D. , Held M. , Koczulla R. , Köhnlein T. , Rohde G. , Wälscher J. , Watz H. , Steinkamp G. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEin wesentlicher Anteil der aktuellen technologischen Entwicklungen in der Pneumologie liegt in den verschiedenen Bereichen der Informationstechnologie. Das Spektrum reicht dabei von Smartphone-Apps, die im täglichen Leben oder der Praxis von Patienten oder Ärzten angewandt werden sollen, bis hin zum Einsatz der künstlichen Intelligenz in der Früherkennung. Die Diagnose-Genauigkeit von Apps zur Symptomanalyse ist dabei zurzeit noch sehr limitiert. Forschungsprojekte beschäftigen sich mit der Integration von Symptomen und Funktionsparametern in der Früherkennung, aber auch mit der Mobilitätserfassung als prognostischem Marker bei der COPD. Eine große Herausforderung stellt das Lungenkrebs-Screening mittels Computertomografie dar. Hier kann künstliche Intelligenz helfen, riesige Datenmengen zu bewältigen. Die Qualität hängt jedoch vom suffizienten Training der Systeme ab. Technologische Entwicklungen prägen alle Felder der Pneumologie. Sie erlauben in der diagnostischen und interventionellen Endoskopie die verbesserte Biopsietechnik und mikrostrukturelle Bildgebung. Methoden der Lungenfunktionsdiagnostik ermöglichen die differenzierte Analyse von atemmechanischen Störungen und können in die Beatmungstechnologie überführt werden. Die Translation von Grundlagenerkenntnissen zum Mikrobiom kann perspektivisch helfen, COPD-Exazerbationen besser zu verstehen und zielgerichteter zu behandeln.
Chemical Characterization of Lavandula dentata Essential Oil Cultivated in Chile and Its Antibiofilm Effect against Candida albicans
Authors: Müller-Sepúlveda Andrea , Chevecich Camila Cid , Jara José A. , Belmar Carolina , Sandoval Pablo , Meyer Rocío Santander , Quijada Raúl , Moura Sidnei , López-Muñoz Rodrigo , Díaz-Dosque Mario , Molina-Berríos Alfredo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, and with the increase in resistance rates worldwide, it is necessary to search for new pharmacological alternatives. Lavandula dentata L. essential oil is recognized as having antimicrobial properties. However, its effect against fungal biofilms has been poorly described. C. albicans-related infections involve the development of biofilms, which are highly resistant to conventional antifungals. In this work, we evaluated the antibiofilm effect of L. dentata L. essential oil against C. albicans. First, we characterized the essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antifungal effect on C. albicans reference strains was evaluated by a disk diffusion assay and the minimal inhibitory concentration was obtained through a microdilution assay. The effect of the essential oil on the adhesion ability of C. albicans was determined through a crystal violet
assay, and morphogenesis inhibition was assessed by light microscopy. The effect of the essential oil on the microarchitecture of biofilms was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the antibiofilm effect was evaluated through an adapted biofilm scratch assay and XTT viability assay. The main constituent of the essential oil was the monoterpenoid eucalyptol (60%). The essential oil presented minimal inhibitory concentrations of 156 and 130 µg/mL against two strains assayed. This minimal inhibitory concentration inhibited adhesion, morphogenesis, biofilm formation, altered microarchitecture, and decreased the viability of established biofilms formed on abiotic surfaces for both strains assayed. This study demonstrates that the essential oil from L. dentata could be a promising treatment against C. albicans biofilms.
Estimation of [177Lu]PSMA-617 tumor uptake based on voxel-wise 3D Monte Carlo tumor dosimetry in patients with metastasized castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Götz Theresa Ida , Lang Elmar Wolfgang , Prante Olaf , Cordes Michael , Kuwert Torsten , Ritt Philipp , Ludwig Bernd , Schmidkonz Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective Patients with advanced prostate cancer are suitable candidates for [177Lu]PSMA-617 therapy. Integrated SPECT/CT systems have the potential to improve the accuracy of patient-specific tumor dosimetry. We present a novel patient-specific Monte Carlo based voxel-wise dosimetry approach to determine organ and total tumor doses (TTD).Methods 13 patients with histologically confirmed metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer were treated with a total of 18 cycles of [177Lu]PSMA-617 therapy. In each patient, dosimetry was performed after the first cycle of [177Lu]PSMA-617 therapy. Regions of interest were defined manually on the SPECT/CT images for the kidneys, spleen and all 295 PSMA-positive tumor lesions in the field of view. The absorbed dose to normal organs and to all tumor lesions were calculated by a three dimensional dosimetry method based on Monte Carlo Simulations.Results The average dose values yielded the following results: 2.59 ± 0.63 Gy (1.67–3.92 Gy) for the kidneys, 0.79 ± 0.46 Gy (0.31–1.90 Gy) for the spleen and 11.00 ± 11.97 Gy (1.28–49.10 Gy) for all tracer-positive tumor lesions. A trend towards higher TTD was observed in patients with Gleason Scores > 8 compared to Gleason Scores ≤ 8 and in lymph node metastases compared to bone metastases. A significant correlation was determined between the serum-PSA level before RLT and the TTD (r = –0.57, p < 0.05), as well as between the TTD with the percentage change of serum-PSA levels before and after therapy was observed (r = –0.57, p < 0.05). Patients with higher total tumor volumes of PSMA-positive lesions demonstrated significantly lower kidney average dose values (r = –0.58, p < 0.05).Conclusion The presented novel Monte Carlo based voxel-wise dosimetry calculates a patient specific whole-body dose distribution, thus taking into account individual anatomies and tissue compositions showing promising results for the estimation of radiation doses of normal organs and PSMA-positive tumor lesions.
Association of Anesthesia Type with Postoperative Outcome and Complications in Patients Undergoing Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wei Chapman , Muthiah Arun , Gu Alex , Quan Theodore , Nguyen Kenneth T. , Fassihi Safa C. , Chen Aaron Z. , Amdur Richard L. , Nunley Ryan M. , Liu Jiabin , Sculco Peter K. , Berger Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRevision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an increasingly common procedure and is effective in treating knee osteoarthritis, but it has higher complication rates than primary TKA. Anesthetic choice poses perioperative risk that has been extensively studied in primary TKA, showing favorable results for regional anesthesia compared with general anesthesia. The impact of anesthetic choice in revision TKAs is not well studied. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients who underwent revision TKAs between 2014 and 2017 were divided into three anesthesia cohorts: (1) general anesthesia, (2) regional anesthesia, and (3) combined general-regional anesthesia. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze patient characteristics and 30-day postoperative outcomes. Bonferroni correction was applied for post hoc analysis. In total, 8,820 patients were identified. Of whom, 3,192 patients underwent general anesthesia, 3,474 patients underwent regional anesthesia, and 2,154 patients underwent combined anesthesia. After multivariate analyses, regional anesthesia was associated with decreased odds for any complication (p = 0.008), perioperative blood transfusion (p < 0.001), and extended length of stay (p < 0.001) compared with general anesthesia. In addition, regional anesthesia was associated with decreased odds for perioperative blood transfusion (p < 0.001) and extended length of stay (p = 0.006) compared with combined anesthesia. However, following multivariate analysis, regional anesthesia was not associated with decreased odds of wound, pulmonary, renal, urinary tract, thromboembolic, and cardiac complications, and was not associated with return to operating room, extended length of stay, minor and major complications, and mortality. Retrospective analysis of a large surgical database suggests that patients receiving general anesthesia have increased likelihood for developing adverse postoperative outcomes relative to patients receiving regional anesthesia. Prospective and controlled trials should be conducted to verify these findings.
The Effect of Patellar Positioning on Femoral Component Rotation when Performing Flexion Gap Balancing Using a Tensioning Device for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ernstbrunner Lukas , Andronic Octavian , Grubhofer Florian , Jundt-Ecker Michèle , Fucentese Sandro F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in new devices such as tensiometers for flexion gap balancing during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of patella positioning during flexion gap balancing on femoral component rotation. We prospectively evaluated 32 consecutive knees in 31 patients who underwent primary TKA for degenerative osteoarthritis and where soft tissue balancing was performed using the same tensiometer. Preoperative measurements included valgus/varus deformation, mechanical axis, epicondylar axis, and tibial slope. Intraoperatively, measurement of femoral component rotation in 90 degrees of knee flexion was conducted in three different positions of the patella: (1) patella reduced, (2) patella dislocated but not everted, and (3) patella dislocated and everted. The femoral component had significantly higher rotation when the patella was reduced compared with a dislocated patella (4.9 ± 2.1 degrees vs. 4.2 ± 2.2 degrees; p = 0.006) and compared with a dislocated and everted patella (4.9 ± 2.1 degrees vs. 4.1 ± 2.3 degrees; p = 0.006). Varus knees (n = 22) demonstrated significantly increased femoral component rotation if the patella was reduced (5.3 ± 2.2 degrees) compared with dislocated patella without eversion (4.7 ± 2.3 degrees; p = 0.037) and with eversion (4.4 ± 2.5 degrees; p = 0.019). As such, the measurement of the mediolateral flexion gap stability with a laterally dislocated patella leads to a statistically significant overestimation of the lateral ligament stability and an underestimation of the external rotation positioning of the femoral component of approximately 1 degree, which is aggravated in varus knees. This is a Level II, prospective consecutive series study.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: A View from New York City
Authors: Masiello Domenick J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article provides a view of homeopathic clinical practice in the New York City area in the first few months of 2020 as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began to evolve in the United States. Key symptoms used to generate a short list of potentially curative remedies are given, and the pandemic syndrome is viewed as appearing in stages or as having various clinical manifestations each with its own main remedy. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is briefly described, as are the preliminary presenting signs and symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Several clinical examples are given, some with positive laboratory confirmation.
Through thick and thin: Russia, China and the future of Eurasian International Society
Authors: Paikin Zachary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen Moscow and Beijing driven closer together as their respective relations with Washington have deteriorated. While a normative convergence between Russia and China appears to be underway, there remains a legacy of historical mistrust in addition to potential irritants that could plague their bilateral relationship. Nonetheless, if Western sanctions against Russia and pressure on China continue unabated, they may have little option but to continue their rapprochement. Against this backdrop, this article will explore whether the two countries currently display a ‘thin’ or ‘thick’ bilateral relationship, making use of an English School theoretical framework. It will do so by exploring established English School concepts such as pluralism and solidarism and discussing notable literature within the School on contestation in order to derive conclusions regarding the potential future shape of international order in Eurasia.
Russia between east and west, and the future of Eurasian order
Authors: Korosteleva Elena , Paikin Zachary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article introduces the special issue by going beyond the traditional debates about geopolitics and great power rivalry. Instead, it examines the emergent and highly complex world of Central Eurasia, in its transformative effort to reorder itself in response to both global and local change. In particular, the paper (and the volume) focuses on two interrelated themes: one of a changing Russia, that is anxiously trying to adapt to the uncertain dynamics within and beyond the wider Eurasian space; and the other—of an emerging complexity of new order-making regional (integration) initiatives that are poised to reshape the future of international and global order. The overarching intention of this paper and the volume is to advance the need to focus on ‘the local’, to gain a more holistic understanding of the present-day challenges and the kind of global response needed to stay attuned to the increasingly complex world.
How to hijack a discourse? Reflections on the concepts of post-truth and fake news
Authors: Krasni Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is threefold: to perform a (meta)discursive archaeology of the concepts post-truth and fake news, to critically reflect on the change in the application of these concepts between the various domains of discourse such as public intellectual field or academic research and mainstream media, and finally to show how the concept of post-truth is now used against the very intellectual milieu it originates from. Whereas the first objective deals with the historical reconceptualization process, the second shows—drawing on the case of social networks—how the concept of fake news infects topics of public relevance, while the third demonstrates how ubiquitous the critique of the left and postmodern intellectual tradition is. This paper combines Foucault’s and Agamben’s approaches to reconstruct the changes and evolution of the concept and the knowledge that defines it. It considers various sources in which this discourse exists regardless of their ideological background—from intellectual discussions on its formation and critiques of the phenomenon it stands for, to journalistic materials which constitute the body of post-truth and fake news discourse today.
Adjuvanted H5N1 influenza vaccine enhances both cross-reactive memory B cell and strain-specific naive B cell responses in humans
Authors: Ellebedy Ali H. , Nachbagauer Raffael , Jackson Katherine J. L. , Dai Ya-Nan , Han Julianna , Alsoussi Wafaa B. , Davis Carl W. , Stadlbauer Daniel , Rouphael Nadine , Chromikova Veronika , McCausland Megan , Chang Cathy Y. , Cortese Mario , Bower Mary , Chennareddy Chakravarthy , Schmitz Aaron J. , Zarnitsyna Veronika I. , Lai Lilin , Rajabhathor Arvind , Kazemian Cheyann , Antia Rustom , Mulligan Mark J. , Ward Andrew B. , Fremont Daved H. , Boyd Scott D. , Pulendran Bali , Krammer Florian , Ahmed Rafi 
Published: July 2020

Significance
The development of a universal influenza vaccine is a major public health need globally, and identifying the optimal formulation will be an important first step for developing such a vaccine. Here we show that a two-dose immunization of humans with an inactivated, AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 avian influenza virus vaccine engaged both the preexisting memory and naive B cell compartments. Importantly, we show that the recruited memory B cells after first immunization were directed against conserved epitopes within the H5 HA stem region while the responses after the second immunization were mostly directed against strain-specific epitopes within the HA globular head. Taken together these findings have broad implications toward optimizing vaccination strategies for developing more effective vaccines against pandemic viruses.
The biochemical basis for the cooperative action of microRNAs
Authors: Briskin Daniel , Wang Peter Y. , Bartel David P. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that guide the repression of most human messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and play many important roles in physiology and development. To function, each miRNA associates with an Argonaute (AGO) protein to form a complex in which the miRNA pairs to sites in mRNAs, thereby targeting these mRNAs for repression, and AGO associates with TNRC6, a protein that recruits the mRNA-repression machinery. For previously unknown reasons, repression is often more effective when miRNAs pair to sites close to one another. We find that in the presence of the TNRC6 AGO-binding domain, which can simultaneously bind multiple AGO proteins, miRNA-AGO complexes bind a two-site target RNA with high cooperatively, providing a biochemical explanation for cooperative action in cells.
Ranking essential bacterial processes by speed of mutant death
Authors: Gallagher Larry A. , Bailey Jeannie , Manoil Colin 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Essential genes control the most fundamental processes of bacterial life but are missing from standard comprehensive mutant screens because loss-of-function mutants are absent from the libraries examined. We employed a method for generating insertion mutations at genome-saturation scale in naturally competent bacteria. The insertions can be immediately detected by sequencing, making it possible to follow their loss from the population during subsequent growth. The procedure allowed us to order essential processes based on how rapidly inactivation blocks DNA replication and growth. Processes whose inactivation most immediately blocks replication represent attractive antibiotic targets, since even partial inhibition should curtail growth.
Active strike-slip faults and an outer frontal thrust in the Himalayan foreland basin
Authors: Duvall Michael J. , Waldron John W. F. , Godin Laurent , Najman Yani 
Published: July 2020

Significance
The Himalayan mountain belt results from continuing convergence between the Indian Plate and Asia. Damaging earthquakes occur on major thrust faults north of the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT). To the south, the Ganga foreland basin is typically described as undeformed. We show that active thrust and strike-slip faults, with accumulated slip up to ∼100 m, pass under the trace of the MFT into the foreland basin in eastern Nepal, leading to propagation of deformation at least ∼37 km into the foreland basin beneath the densely populated Ganga plain. The development of these faults at the active thrust front helps to explain structures preserved in higher thrust sheets of the Himalaya, and in ancient mountain belts elsewhere.
Integration of ancient DNA with transdisciplinary dataset finds strong support for Inca resettlement in the south Peruvian coast
Authors: Bongers Jacob L. , Nakatsuka Nathan , O’Shea Colleen , Harper Thomas K. , Tantaleán Henry , Stanish Charles , Fehren-Schmitz Lars 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceGenomic, archaeological, historical, and biogeochemical data are integrated to examine six individuals from two cemeteries in the Chincha Valley of southern Peru. Results demonstrate consistency among these independent datasets in support of a model of north Peruvian coast peoples moving to the Chincha Valley during the Late Horizon (1400 to 1532 CE). Our transdisciplinary work provides strong support for Inca resettlement, a state policy that reshaped the Andean sociopolitical landscape yet represents one of the most notoriously difficult phenomena to identify in the archaeological record. This research offers an ideal case study that sets a methodological standard for investigating ancient mobility in complex societies by synthesizing aDNA with multiple independent lines of evidence.