bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light and nutrient limitations for tree growth on young versus old soils in a Bornean tropical montane forest
Authors: Aiba Shin-ichiro , Kitayama Kanehiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examined forest and tree responses to decreasing nutrient availability with soil aging in a species-rich tropical montane rain forest on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Community composition and structure and tree growth rates were compared between two 1 ha plots on nutrient-rich young soil versus nutrient-deficient old soil. Myrtaceae and Fagaceae dominated both plots. With soil aging, the dominance of Lauraceae, stem density, basal area and aboveground biomass decreased, and the forest understory became brighter. Some dominant taxa on the old soil (Podocarpaceae and the genus Tristaniopsis in Myrtaceae) were virtually absent on the young soil; this was attributed to light limitation in the understory. Growth rates of understory trees were lower on the young soil, whereas those of canopy trees were lower on the old soil. This suggested that the growth of understory trees was limited by light on the young soil, whereas that of canopy trees was limited by nutrients on the old soil. Of the eight species that were abundant in both plots, the dominance of five species was considerably lower on the old soil, four of which also exhibited decreased maximum sizes and lower growth rates. The remaining three species showed similar dominance across plots without a decline in growth rates, although they exhibited decreased maximum sizes on the old soil. These analyses demonstrated divergent responses of species to the soil-age gradient. We suggest that the differential responses of species to decreasing nutrient availability with a concomitant increase in understory light levels explain floristic turnover with soil aging.
Immune system and angiogenesis-related potential surrogate biomarkers of response to everolimus-based treatment in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: an exploratory study
Authors: Schettini Francesco , Sobhani Navid , Ianza Anna , Triulzi Tiziana , Molteni Alfredo , Lazzari Maria Chiara , Strina Carla , Milani Manuela , Corona Silvia Paola , Sirico Marianna , Bernocchi Ottavia , Giudici Fabiola , Cappelletti Maria Rosaria , Ciruelos Eva , Jerusalem Guy , Loi Sherine , Fox Stephen B. , Generali Daniele 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
mTOR inhibitor everolimus is used for hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC). No reliable predictive biomarker of response is available. Following evidences from other solid tumors, we aimed to assess the association between treatment-associated immune system features and everolimus activity.

Methods
We retrospectively explored a correlation with the therapeutic activity of everolimus and tumor-associated immune pathways with ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), circulating lymphocytes, and endothelial cells (CECs) in 3 different HR+ mBC studies, including the BALLET phase IIIb study.

Results
The circulating levels of CD3+/CD8+, CD3+/CD4+, and overall T lymphocytes were higher in responders versus non-responders at baseline (p = 0.017, p < 0.001, p = 0.034) and after treatment (p = 0.01, p = 0.003, p = 0.023). Reduced CECs, a tumor neoangiogenesis marker, were observed in responders after treatment (p < 0.001). Patients with low NLR (≤ 4.4) showed a better progression-free survival compared to patients with high NLR (> 4.4) (p = 0.01). IPA showed that the majority of immunity-related genes were found upregulated in responders compared to non-responders before treatment, but not after.

Conclusions
Lymphocytes subpopulations, CECs and NLR could be interesting biomarkers predictive of response to everolimus-based regimens, potentially useful in daily clinical practice to select/monitor everolimus-based treatment in mBC. Further studies to confirm such hypotheses are warranted.
Convex plumbings in closed hyperbolic 4-manifolds
Authors: Martelli Bruno , Riolo Stefano , Slavich Leone 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show that every plumbing of disc bundles over surfaces whose genera satisfy a simple inequality may be embedded as a convex submanifold in some closed hyperbolic four-manifold. In particular its interior has a geometrically finite hyperbolic structure that covers a closed hyperbolic four-manifold.
Children’s interactions with technology in teachers’ self-reported activities in Sweden’s preschools
Authors: Nilsson Tor , Gustafsson Peter , Sundqvist Pernilla 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates preschool children’s interactions with technology in a Swedish context. The purpose is to broaden our knowledge about children, technology and preschool activities—not only the meanings of technology that is present in everyday preschool activities, but also how children interact with it. Collier-Reed’s (Pupils’ experiences of technology: exploring dimensions of technological literacy, PhD thesis, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 2006) category system has been used to analyse data generated in two research circles. The participating preschool teachers were asked to present teacher- and children-initiated activities from their daily practices. 54 cases were identified, of which 40 included children’s interactions with technology according to the definitions provided by Collier-Reed. Mapping the results in a matrix representation based on Collier-Reed’s two sets of categorisation systems shows two clusters. The first mainly includes teacher-initiated activities, in which children were instructed how to use different artefacts. The second also includes children-initiated activities requiring more engagement as part of Collier-Reed’s notion of thecore. Also,labellingwas added to the category system in order to adapt it to the Swedish preschool setting.
Spatial patterns of logging-related disturbance events: a multi-scale analysis on forest management units located in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Lima Thaís Almeida , Beuchle René , Griess Verena C. , Verhegghen Astrid , Vogt Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContextSelective logging has been commonly mapped using binary maps, representing logged and unlogged forests. However, binary maps may fall short regarding the optimum representation of this type of disturbance, as tree harvest in tropical forests can be highly heterogeneous.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to map forest disturbance intensities in areas of selective logging located in the Brazilian Amazon.MethodsSelective logging activities were mapped in ten forest management units using Sentinel-2 data at 10 m resolution. A spatial pattern analysis was applied to the logging map, using a moving window approach with different window sizes. Two landscape metrics were used to derive a forest disturbance intensity map. This map was then compared with actual disturbances using field data and a post-harvest forest recovery analysis.ResultsDisturbed areas were grouped into five distinct disturbance intensity classes, from very low to very high. Classes high and very high were found to be related to log landings and large felling gaps, while very low intensities were mainly related to isolated disturbance types. The post-harvest forest recovery analysis showed that the five classes can be clearly distinguished from one another, with the clearest differences in the year of logging and one year after it.ConclusionsThe approach described represents an important step towards a better mapping of selectively logged areas, when compared to the use of binary maps. The disturbance intensity classes could be used as indicators for forest monitoring as well as for further evaluation of areas under forest management.
Road Traffic and Aircraft Noise as Drivers of Environmental Protest?
Authors: Preisendörfer Peter , Herold Lucie , Kurz Karin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article investigates whether and to what extent unfavorable local environmental conditions furnish an important motivator for environmental protest. We do so using individual-level data on objective and subjectively perceived residential road traffic and aircraft noise pollution, pertaining to the cities of Mainz (Germany) and Zurich (Switzerland). By referring to fine-grained noise data, we are able to test the predictive power of grievances and self-interest in explaining protest participation more stringently than has been the case in most previous studies. Theoretically, our study is inspired by Klandermans’ socio-psychological framework of political protest, the pressure-response approach, the self-interest perspective, and the collective-interest model. Our empirical findings only partially confirm the grievances assumption that unfavorable local environmental conditions in the form of residential road traffic and aircraft noise stimulate environmental protest. Noise caused by airplanes seems to be more “protest-inducing” than that produced by road traffic. It is not so much the objectively measurable noise level as its subjective perception and evaluation that are deciding factors. However, in line with Klandermans’ protest framework and other theories of political protest, there are more influential drivers of environmental protest, such as environmental concerns and a left-wing political ideology. Thus, the effects of residential road traffic and aircraft noise turn out to be relatively moderate. Ultimately, this means that our tailored measures of grievances corroborate a relatively well-established finding of protest research.
Optimal Transport on Completely Integrable Toric Manifolds
Authors: Myga Szymon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFollowing the work of Berman and Witt Nyström we present the proof of existence and uniqueness of solutions to transported Monge–Ampère problem on complex compact manifolds with completely integrable torus action. The proof is based on the real theory of optimal transportation and some convex analysis.
Physico-chemical structure evolution characteristics of coal char during gasification in the presence of iron-based waste catalyst
Authors: Zhang Xinsha , Song Xudong , Wang Jiaofei , Su Weiguang , Zhou Bing , Bai Yonghui , Yu Guangsuo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study aims to explore the physico-chemical structure evolution characteristic during Yangchangwan bituminous coal (YCW) gasification in the presence of iron-based waste catalyst (IWC). The catalytic gasification reactivity of YCW was measured by thermogravimetric analyzer. Scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive system, nitrogen adsorption analyzer and laser Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze the char physico-chemical properties. The results show that the optimal IWC loading ratio was 5 wt% at 1000 °C. The distribution of IWC on char was uneven and Fe catalyst concentrated on the surface of some chars. The specific surface area of YCW gasified semi-char decreased significantly with the increase of gasification time. i.e., the specific surface area reduced from 382 m2/g (0 min) to 192 m2/g (3 min), meanwhile, the number of micropores and mesopores decreased sharply at the late gasification stage. The carbon microcrystalline structure of YCW gasified semi-char was gradually destroyed with the increase of gasification time, and the microcrystalline structure with small size was gradually generated, resulting in the decreasing order degree of carbon microcrystalline structure. IWC can catalyze YCW gasification which could provide theoretical guidance for industrial solid waste recycling.
Suppressing Li Dendrites via Electrolyte Engineering by Crown Ethers for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shanqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrolyte engineering is considered as an effective strategy to establish stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and thus to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. In a recent study reported in Advanced Functional Materials by Ma group, discovered that strong coordination force could be founded between 15-Crown-5 ether (15-C-5) and Li+, which facilitates the crown ether (15-C-1) to participate in the solvation structure of Li+ in the electrolyte for the same purpose. Such a novel strategy might impact the design of high-performance and safe lithium metal batteries (LMBs).
Flipped Classroom Approach Used in the Training of Mass Casualty Triage for Medical Undergraduate Students
Authors: Zheng Ziyu , Yuan Shiwen , Huang Mingcheng , Liao Jinli , Cai Ruibin , Zhan Hong , Yang Zhen , Xiong Yan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to explore the application of the flipped classroom approach in the training of Mass Casualty Triage (MCT) to medical undergraduate students.Methods:In this study, 103 fourth-year medical students were randomly divided into a Flipped Classroom (FC) group (n = 51) and a Traditional Lecture-based Classroom (TLC) group (n = 52). A post-class quiz, simulated field triage (SFT) and feedback questionnaires were performed to assess both groups of students for their learning of the course.Results:In the post-quiz, the median (IQR) scores achieved by students from the FC and TLC groups were 42(5) and 39(5.5), respectively. Significant differences were found between the two groups. In the SFT, overall triage accuracy was 67.06% for FC, and 64.23% for TLC students. Over-triage and under-triage errors occurred in 18.43% and 14.50% of the FC group, respectively. The TLC group had a similar pattern of 20.77% over-triage and 15.0% under-triage errors. No significant differences were found regarding overall triage accuracy or triage errors between the two groups.Conclusions:The FC approach could enhance course grades reflected in the post-quiz and improve students’ satisfaction with the class. However, there was no significant difference of competency between the two groups demonstrated in the SFT exercise.
Power, luck, and scholarly responsibility at the end of the world(s)
Authors: Pelopidas Benoît 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis contribution argues that the concept of protean power opens a space to think about the limits of control and knowledge about catastrophic possibilities such as nuclear war. To do so, it offers the first distinctive definition of nuclear luck, which has long been acknowledged by policy and military leaders but remains unaccounted for in scholarship. It further shows that the nuclear realm is defined by two key unknowables. However, it argues that protean power perpetuates a survivability bias which has characterized scholarship so far, before suggesting ways to overcome that bias and modify scholarly ethos to acknowledge such catastrophic possibilities.
International law as a common language across spheres of authority?
Authors: BIRKENKÖTTER HANNAH 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhen actors express conflicting views about the validity or scope of norms or rules in relation to other norms or rules in the international sphere, they often do so in the language of international law. This contribution argues that international law’s hermeneutic acts as a common language that cuts across spheres of authority and can thus serve as a conflict management tool for interface conflicts. Often, this entails resorting to an international court. While acknowledging that courts cannot provide permanent solutions to the underlying political conflict, I submit that court proceedings are interesting objects of study that promote our understanding of how international legal argument operates as a conflict management device. I distinguish three dimensions of common legal form, using the well-knownEC–Hormonescase as illustration: a procedural, argumentative, and substantive dimension. While previous scholarship has often focused exclusively on the substantive dimension, I argue that the other two dimensions are equally important. In concluding, I reflect on a possible explanation as to why actors are disposed to resort to international legal argument even if this is unlikely to result in a final solution: there is a specific authority claim attached to international law qua law.
Semiautomated Identification and Characterization of Dunes at Hargraves Crater, Mars
Authors: Emran A. , Marzen L. J. , King D. T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3) contains information on Martian dune fields and prepared manually from the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS; 100 m/pixel) images. Although the MGD3 outlines dune fields, it overlooks the recognition of smaller dune forms. This paper aims to identify individual dunes from a semiautomated object‐based image analysis technique and characterize dune materials at Hargraves crater, Mars. MGD3 would benefit to be updated for an improved understanding of the Martian surface and its atmospheric mechanisms at a local scale. An object‐based image analysis technique was applied here to the Context Camera (CTX; 6 m/pixel) data set to extract dune data in a more efficient, reliable, and accurate fashion. This study is a test case in validating a remote sensing method that has wide applicability to the entire Martian surface resulting in an update to the dune database at a higher spatial resolution—providing a better understanding of surface and atmospheric behavior of Mars at the local scale. We also explored the wind flow and dune stability—presenting an insight into the dune modification mechanism—within the crater. The prevailing wind inside the crater flows to the west‐northwest. The dunes are labeled as active (stability index of 2) and do not appear to have been influenced by subsurface water ice or volatiles. We emphasize that the technique used here has a wide prospect in temporal monitoring of dune sediment flux, dune migration or erosion rates, improving near‐surface airflow modeling, and dune stability analysis.
Shallow Gas Hydrate Accumulations at a Nigerian Deepwater Pockmark—Quantities and Dynamics
Authors: Pape Thomas , Ruffine Livio , Hong Wei‐Li , Sultan Nabil , Riboulot Vincent , Peters Carl A. , Kölling Martin , Zabel Matthias , Garziglia Sébastien , Bohrmann Gerhard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe evolution of submarine pockmarks is often related to the ascent of fluid from the subsurface. For pockmarks located within the gas hydrate stability zone, methane oversaturation can result in the formation of gas hydrates in the sediment. An ~600 m‐wide sea floor depression in deep waters offshore Nigeria, Pockmark A, was investigated for distributions and quantities of shallow gas hydrates, origins of hydrocarbons, and time elapsed since the last major fluid ascent event. For the first time, pressure coring of shallow sediments and drilling of more than 50 m‐long cores with the sea floor drill rig MARUM‐MeBo70 were conducted in this pockmark. Unusually, high hydrate saturations of up to 51% of pore volume in the uppermost 2.5 m of sediment in the pockmark center substantiate that deepwater pockmarks are a relevant methane reservoir. Molecular and stable C and H isotopic compositions suggest that thermogenic hydrocarbons and secondary microbial methane resulting from petroleum biodegradation are injected into shallower sediments and mixed with primary microbial hydrocarbons. Two independent pore water chloride and sulfate modeling approaches suggest that a major methane migration event occurred during the past one to three centuries. A rough sea floor topography within the pockmark most likely results from combined sediment removal through ascending gas bubbles, hydrate clogging and deflection of migration pathways, gas pressure build‐up, and hydrate sea floor detachment. This study shows for the first time the chronological interrelationship between gas migration events, hydrate formation, and sea floor shaping in a deep sea pockmark.
The Norwegian‐Greenland Sea, the Laschamps, and the Mono Lake Excursions Recorded in a Black Sea Sedimentary Sequence Spanning From 68.9 to 14.5 ka
Authors: Liu Jiabo , Nowaczyk Norbert R. , Panovska Sanja , Korte Monika , Arz Helge W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA full‐vector paleomagnetic record, comprising directional data and relative paleointensity (rPI), was derived from 16 sediment cores recovered from the southeastern Black Sea. The obtained data were used to create a stack covering the time window between 68.9 and 14.5 ka. Age models are based on radiocarbon dating and correlations of warming/cooling cycles monitored by high‐resolution X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) elementary ratios and by ice‐rafted debris (IRD) in Black Sea sediments to the sequence of “Dansgaard‐Oeschger” (D‐O) events defined from the Greenland ice core oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The reconstructed prominent lows in paleointensity at about 64.5, 41.2, and 34.5 ka are coeval with the Norwegian‐Greenland Sea, the Laschamps, and the Mono Lake excursions, respectively. For a further analysis, the stacked Black Sea paleomagnetic record was converted into one component being parallel to the direction expected from a geocentric axial dipole (GAD) and two components perpendicular to it (EW, inclined NS), representing definitely only non‐GAD components of the geomagnetic field. Discussions of the field configurations at the Black Sea site are focused on the three excursional events. The Norwegian‐Greenland Sea excursion was dominated by a decaying axial dipole and persisting weak nondipole field, with directional variations still within the range of normal secular variations. The Laschamps excursion comprises two full polarity transitions and a short stable interval of reversed polarity in between. The Mono Lake excursion was mostly dominated by a nondipole field, though with a less pronounced weakening of the axial dipole component.
A Lagrangian Snow‐Evolution System for Sea‐Ice Applications (SnowModel‐LG): Part I—Model Description
Authors: Liston Glen E. , Itkin Polona , Stroeve Julienne , Tschudi Mark , Stewart J. Scott , Pedersen Stine H. , Reinking Adele K. , Elder Kelly 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA Lagrangian snow‐evolution model (SnowModel‐LG) was used to produce daily, pan‐Arctic, snow‐on‐sea‐ice, snow property distributions on a 25 × 25‐km grid, from 1 August 1980 through 31 July 2018 (38 years). The model was forced with NASA's Modern Era Retrospective‐Analysis for Research and Applications‐Version 2 (MERRA‐2) and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ReAnalysis‐5th Generation (ERA5) atmospheric reanalyses, and National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) sea ice parcel concentration and trajectory data sets (approximately 61,000, 14 × 14‐km parcels). The simulations performed full surface and internal energy and mass balances within a multilayer snowpack evolution system. Processes and features accounted for included rainfall, snowfall, sublimation from static‐surfaces and blowing‐snow, snow melt, snow density evolution, snow temperature profiles, energy and mass transfers within the snowpack, superimposed ice, and ice dynamics. The simulations produced horizontal snow spatial structures that likely exist in the natural system but have not been revealed in previous studies spanning these spatial and temporal domains. Blowing‐snow sublimation made a significant contribution to the snowpack mass budget. The superimposed ice layer was minimal and decreased over the last four decades. Snow carryover to the next accumulation season was minimal and sensitive to the melt‐season atmospheric forcing (e.g., the average summer melt period was 3 weeks or 50% longer with ERA5 forcing than MERRA‐2 forcing). Observed ice dynamics controlled the ice parcel age (in days), and ice age exerted a first‐order control on snow property evolution.