bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graft assessment of the ex vivo perfused porcine kidney using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate
Authors: Mariager Christian Østergaard , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Bech Sabrina Kahina , Munk Anders , Kjærgaard Uffe , Lyhne Mads Dam , Søberg Karsten , Nielsen Peter Fast , Ringgaard Steffen , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeNormothermic perfusion is an emerging strategy for donor organ preservation and therapy, incited by the high worldwide demand for organs for transplantation. Hyperpolarized MRI and MRS using [1‐13C]pyruvate and other13C‐labeled molecules pose a novel way to acquire highly detailed information about metabolism and function in a noninvasive manner. This study investigates the use of this methodology as a means to study and monitor the state of ex vivo perfused porcine kidneys, in the context of kidney graft preservation research.MethodsKidneys from four 40‐kg Danish domestic pigs were perfused ex vivo with whole blood under normothermic conditions, using an MR‐compatible perfusion system. Kidneys were investigated using1H MRI as well as hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI and MRS. Using the acquired anatomical, functional and metabolic data, the state of the ex vivo perfused porcine kidney could be quantified.ResultsFour kidneys were successfully perfused for 120 minutes and verified using a DCE perfusion experiment. Renal metabolism was examined using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI and MRS, and displayed an apparent reduction in pyruvate turnover compared with the usual case in vivo. Perfusion and blood gas parameters were in the normal ex vivo range.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the ability to monitor ex vivo graft metabolism and function in a large animal model, resembling human renal physiology. The ability of hyperpolarized MRI and MRS to directly compare the metabolic state of an organ in vivo and ex vivo, in combination with the simple MR implementation of normothermic perfusion, renders this methodology a powerful future tool for graft preservation research.
Effects of Dietary Xanthophyll Supplementation on Growth Performance, Body Color, Carotenoids, and Blood Chemistry Indices of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis
Authors: Wang Pei , Li Xiao , Wang Xiaoqing , Peng Na , Luo Zhijia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A 12-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of diets containing 0 (CD), 40 (X1), 80 (X2), and 120 mg/kg (X3) xanthophyll on the growth, body color, and blood chemistry of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. Four hundred and eighty turtles with initial weight of 37.90 ± 0.26 g were randomly stocked equally in 12 cement ponds (4.0 × 5.0 × 0.8 m) to form four groups in triplicate. The turtles were fed one of the four diets (crude protein 48%, crude lipid 6%) twice daily, with the feed amount set at 3% of their total body weight. The results indicated that the supplement of 80 mg/kg xanthophyll in the diet had the most significant effect on growth, feed conversion ratio, and amino acid content in muscle tissue. The yellowness of the carapace and the plastron skin increased with higher xanthophyll levels. Moreover, the final yellowness in the plastron skin was higher than the initial yellowness. The carotenoid content in the liver and carapace was significantly enhanced with increasing xanthophyll levels and showed a significant linear correlation with the dietary xanthophyll supplement levels. The liver carotenoid content in the X2 and X3 groups and carapace skin carotenoid content in the X3 group were markedly higher than were those in turtles that were fed the control diet (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with the control diet, adding xanthophyll significantly increased acid phosphatase activity in serum while obviously lowering the alanine aminotransferase activity. The triglyceride and total cholesterol content decreased with increases in xanthophyll. There were no significant differences in the serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in animals that received the xanthophyll-supplemented and control diets. The current study results suggest that the growth performance and skin coloration of Chinese soft-shelled turtle can be improved by including 80–120 mg/kg xanthophyll in the diet.
Has the use of preoperative urodynamics for stress urinary incontinence surgery changed following the VALUE study?
Authors: Clements Matthew B. , Zillioux Jacqueline M. , William Pike Conner , Rapp David E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess whether routine urodynamic testing (UDT) in women undergoing slings for uncomplicated stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has decreased following publication of the landmark VALUE study, which recommended against routine UDT in uncomplicated SUI.MethodsWe identified women in the Virginia All Payers Claims Database diagnosed with SUI between 2011 and 2016 using International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes (N39.3, 625.6). Appropriate ICD/CPT (current procedural terminology) codes were used to exclude non‐index patients (prior anti‐incontinence/prolapse surgery, urge incontinence, neurogenic bladder). Beta regression was used to assess for changes in the monthly proportion of urethral slings with preoperative UDT. Interventional ARIMA modeling was used to assess for a relationship between the date of VALUE (The Value of Urodynamic Evaluation) publication and the incidence of slings with preoperative UDT.ResultsAnalysis identified 6740 women with SUI undergoing sling placement, with 343 non‐index patients excluded. Of 6397 remaining women, 4026 (62.9%) underwent preoperative UDT. The annual number of slings with preoperative UDT declined from 748 to 402 between 2011 and 2016. Beta regression analysis demonstrated a decrease in the proportion of slings with preoperative UDT over the study (68%, 2011; 58%, 2016), with a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of slings with UDT after May 2012 (β coefficient, −.0093; P < .001). Interventional ARIMA models showed a trend toward decreasing slings with preoperative UDT after the VALUE trial (P = .057).ConclusionsOur analysis demonstrated a decrease in the proportion of women undergoing preoperative UDT in uncomplicated SUI patients following the VALUE study. Further research is needed to examine factors underlying UDT utilization trends and promote value‐driven care.
An efficient and robust method for parameterized nonintrusive reduced‐order modeling
Authors: Kostorz Wawrzyniec J. , Muggeridge Ann H. , Jackson Matthew D. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryA method of constructing parameterized nonintrusive reduced‐order models (NIROMs) is given. The approach relies on a geometrical interpretation of NIROM, requires only a single layer of interpolation to be applied for both system state and parametric dependence of the model and is applicable to systems characterized by any number of parameters spanning arbitrary orders of magnitude. The method is applied to three representative test problems and evaluated in terms of accuracy and speed, showing good performance.
Comprehensive characterization of a novel natural Bauhinia Vahlii stem fiber
Authors: Ray Rashmi , Das Sankar N. , Mohapatra Abhipreet , Das Harish C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present work aims to analyze the influence of chemical treatment on thermal, morphological, mechanical, and water absorption characteristics of a new natural Bauhinia Vahlii (BV) stem fiber. In this research study, the BV fiber surface was modified through different chemical treatments such as alkalization, bleaching, and benzoylation. The effect of these chemical treatments on the fiber are visualized through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. SEM ensures the presence of voids and rough surfaces with the removal of deleterious substances from the fiber. The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared ensure the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin compounds in the case of untreated and treated BV fiber. Also, X‐ray diffraction analysis gives a higher crystallinity index for treated BV fiber. Thermogravimetric analysis confirms there is an increase in the thermal stability of the fiber after chemical treatment. The increase in tensile strength and young's modulus confirms improvement in the mechanical properties of the BV fiber after chemical treatment. The water absorptivity test ensures there is a reduction in the hydrophilic nature of the BV fiber after chemical treatment, which promotes better adhesion between fiber and matrix.
Temperature‐dependent tensile properties of hybrid carbon/glass thermoplastic composite rods
Authors: Naito Kimiyoshi , Oguma Hiroyuki , Nagai Chiemi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHybrid carbon/glass composite rods consisting of unidirectional polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based carbon fiber (T700SC), braided E‐glass fibers, and thermoplastic epoxy matrix were fabricated with differing carbon/glass ratios (24K1P, 24K2P, and 24K3P). The cross‐sectional morphologies of the hybrid rods were observed using a digital microscope. Tensile properties and fracture behavior of the hybrid rods were investigated over a range of temperatures: −50°C, 0°C, 23°C (RT), 50°C, and 80°C. The tensile modulus and strength increased with increasing carbon fiber volume fraction, but decreased with increasing temperature. The Weibull statistical distribution of tensile strength for the hybrid rods was examined. The Weibull modulus increased with increasing tensile strength and decreasing void volume fraction of the hybrid rods. A Curtin‐type global load‐sharing model was applied to the hybrid rods to predict mechanical properties at different temperatures.
Recent advances in polymeric facilitated transport membranes for carbon dioxide separation and hydrogen purification
Authors: Han Yang , Ho W. S. Winston 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMembrane and membrane process have been widely considered as one of the best candidates for mitigating CO2 emissions from the combustion or utilization of fossil fuels. Various amine‐containing polymers constitute an important class of membranes, where the highly selective CO2 transport is achieved by the facilitated transport mechanism. In this review, the amine–CO2 chemistry is discussed in conjunction with the mechanism of the reaction‐mediated CO2 transport. A wide variety of amine‐containing polymers are discussed based on two synthesis motifs: (a) polyamines with amino groups covalently bound to the polymer backbone and (b) small molecule amines embedded in a polymer matrix. This review concludes with the remarks on the facilitated transport membranes for post‐combustion carbon capture (CO2/N2) and hydrogen purification (CO2/H2).
Cryo‐electron microscopy structure of CLHM1 ion channel from Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yang Weixin , Wang Youwang , Guo Jianli , He Lingli , Zhou Ye , Zheng Hui , Liu Zhenfeng , Zhu Ping , Zhang Xuejun C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCalcium homeostasis modulators (CALHMs/CLHMs) comprise a family of pore‐forming protein complexes assembling into voltage‐gated, Ca2+‐sensitive, nonselective channels. These complexes contain an ion‐conduction pore sufficiently wide to permit the passing of ATP molecules serving as neurotransmitters. While their function and structure information is accumulating, the precise mechanisms of these channel complexes remain to be full understood. Here, we present the structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans CLHM1 channel in its open state solved through single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy at 3.7‐Å resolution. The transmembrane region of the channel structure of the dominant class shows an assembly of 10‐fold rotational symmetry in one layer, and its cytoplasmic region is involved in additional twofold symmetrical packing in a tail‐to‐tail manner. Furthermore, we identified a series of amino acid residues critical for the regulation of CeCLHM1 channel using functional assays, electrophysiological analyses as well as structural‐based analysis. Our structure and function analyses provide new insights into the mechanisms of CALHM channels.
Observation and simulation of mountain wave turbulence above Iceland: Turbulence intensification due to wave interference
Authors: Wilms Henrike , Bramberger Martina , Dörnbrack Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe High‐Altitude LOng Range research aircraft (HALO) encountered strong turbulence above Iceland at 13.8 km altitude on 13 October 2016. The generation of turbulence along the flight path is studied through numerical simulations in combination with the aircraft insitu observations. From the insitu observations, maximum energy dissipation rate values (cube root of the energy dissipation rate) of 0.39 m2/3 ·s−1 are obtained, which correspond to moderate to severe turbulence for a medium‐weight aircraft such as HALO. The turbulent region is characterized by observed large‐amplitude vertical wind fluctuations which coincide locally with a stagnation of the horizontal flow. The strong turbulence occurred downstream of and between the two Icelandic mountains Hofsjökull and Langjökull. High‐resolution numerical simulations, with realistic and idealized topography, show that the flow above these two nearby mountains is responsible for the observed turbulence. Vertically propagating hydrostatic mountain waves disperse horizontally in the region downstream and between Hofsjökull and Langjökull. There, both waves interfere and their superposition leads to enhanced amplitudes and, eventually, to convective instabilities. By comparing simulations with only one of the mountains to the simulation with both mountains, we infer that the wave interference can locally amplify the turbulence intensity by a factor of five and double the vertical extent of the turbulent region.
Pathway attenuation of fatty acid beta‐oxidation in the skeletal muscle of a type 2 diabetic mouse model
Authors: Zhou Yang , Tan Yifan , Hou Guixue , Ren Yan , Deng Yamei , Yan Keqiang , Zhang Yue , Lin Liang , Lou Xiaomin , Liu Siqi 
Published: June 2020

RationaleWhether catabolic abnormalities of fatty acids exist in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been determined. In this study, we postulated that a systematic evaluation of the protein abundance and metabolic activity related to fatty acids in the skeletal muscle tissues of a T2DM mouse model was feasible to address this question.MethodsMitochondria were extracted from wild‐type (WT) and db/db mice followed by quantitative analysis of the proteins involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (mFAO). The pathway activity of mFAO in skeletal muscle tissues was monitored in vitro using mass spectrometry, and tissue lipidomic analysis was conducted in profiling and target mode to distinguish the levels of long‐chain acylcarnitines between WT and db/db mice.ResultsTwo proteins related to the mFAO pathway were significantly downregulated in the skeletal muscle mitochondria of db/db mice. The measurement of mFAO pathway activity in vitro revealed that the abundance of long‐chain acylcarnitines (C14 to C18) in db/db mice was lower than that in WT mice, and the determination of acylcarnitines in skeletal muscle tissues in vivo revealed that most long‐chain acylcarnitines were decreased in db/db mice.ConclusionsThe findings of lower abundance of ACAD9 and CPT1B, reduced activity of the mFAO pathway in vitro and decreased acylcarnitines in vivo firmly support that the mFAO pathway in the skeletal muscle of diabetic mice is attenuated, possibly resulting in cell/tissue dysfunction in diabetes.
Toward a sustainable development indicators system for small municipalities
Authors: Frare Matheus B. , Clauberg Ana P. C. , Sehnem Simone , Campos Lucila M. S. , Spuldaro Juliano 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study proposes a system of sustainability indicators to support the management of small municipalities. We rely on the Sustainable Cities Program indicators, but we argue that these measures must be appropriate for these types of municipalities to help them be more sustainable. Thus, we carried out a selection of indicators using a four‐stage methodology. First, the Delphi technique was applied in two rounds of validation with specialists. Then, in the second phase, 64 indicators were evaluated by 19 mayors of cities in southern Brazil. The subset of sustainability indicators generated is called Sustainability Indicators for Small Municipalities. It has six guiding axes, namely: nature and social well‐being, sustainable public management, historical and cultural management, sustainability education, new savings for sustainability, and urban planning and accessibility. Third, we use the fuzzy expert system to determine a decision tree and, consequently, create a general index for a pilot municipality. The generated index corresponds to 7.19, which demonstrates that the pilot municipality falls into an intermediate level of sustainability; this application in an example that the sample was the last (fourth) step. Therefore, this study generates insights to: (a) promote sustainability by contemplating its multidimensionality; (b) promotion of local development and quality of life for the population based on sustainability indicators; (c) development of a management method to measure sustainability performance, considering the specificities of small municipalities; and (d) sustainability parameters that are measured and allow the establishment of indicators to improve the performance of public management, aiming at local sustainable development.
A new taxonomic backbone for the infrageneric classification of the species‐rich genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Jafari Farzaneh , Zarre Shahin , Gholipour Abbas , Eggens Frida , Rabeler Richard K. , Oxelman Bengt 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe systematization of species in plant taxonomy based on the phylogenetic relationships among them are of utmost importance and also very challenging in large genera. In those, phylogenetic results often may suggest substantially different relationships than previous classifications, and call for large‐scale taxonomic revisions. Delimitation of the genus Silene has been and is still somewhat controversial, and recent molecular phylogenetic studies have settled several monophyletic groups that differ substantially from previous taxonomies. The infrageneric taxonomy of Silene s.str. has not been updated as a whole taking the phylogenetic information into account. In this study, we review previous phylogenetic results based on multiple loci, and conducted comprehensive gene tree analyses based on the nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 regions for 1586 and 944 samples representing 415 and 397 species, respectively, including Silene and its allies, as well as a species tree analysis including 262 samples representing 243 species. We sampled representatives from all 44 sections recognized in the most recent global revision of the genus. The results support the recognition of three subgenera, i.e., S. subg. Behenantha, S. subg. Lychnis and S. subg. Silene, which is partly in agreement with previous molecular phylogenetic findings and contradicts all previous traditional classifications. Silene sect. Atocion, with a few annual species showing a narrow distribution range in the eastern Mediterranean, is treated as incertae sedis because of its uncertain phylogenetic position, possibly due to exceptionally high substitution rates. Silene subg. Lychnis, weakly supported as sister to the other subgenera, splits into three main clades and includes four sections. Silene subg. Behenantha, which forms a possible sister group in relation to S. subg. Silene, is poorly resolved basally and includes a large number of mostly small clades recognized as 18 sections. In S. subg. Silene, 11 sections are recognized, among which four are broadly circumscribed: S. sect. Auriculatae, S. sect. Sclerocalycinae, S. sect. Silene and S. sect. Siphonomorpha. Silene sect. Acutifoliae and S. sect. Portenses are described here as new taxa, whereas new status or new combinations are proposed for S. sect. Anotites, S. sect. Muscipula, S. sect. Petrocoma, S. sect. Pulvinatae, S. sect. Sclerophyllae and S. sect. Uebelinia. Five new combinations and two new names are proposed for taxa in Silene formerly assigned to Lychnis and Uebelinia. The correct infrageneric nomenclature compatible with the new infrageneric system is provided along with synonymy and type citations. Shortcomings of this study, such as the lack of a morphological diagnostic key and sparse sampling of some large sections, are listed and discussed.
Exploring the knowledge spillovers of a technology in an entrepreneurial ecosystem—The case of artificial intelligence in Sydney
Authors: Cetindamar Dilek , Lammers Thorsten , Zhang Yi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNew knowledge presents opportunities for commercial value and can hence be a critical asset for entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). In particular, general purpose technologies are major drivers of entrepreneurship. Thus, a nuanced understanding on technological knowledge and its spillovers among actors within an EE is warranted. Using knowledge‐spillover‐based strategic entrepreneurship theory, we propose to observe knowledge spillovers through the assessment of the knowledge bases of a technology in an EE. To do so, this article proposes to use three key sources of knowledge: publications reflecting the emerging knowledge base, patents representing the realized knowledge base, and startups showing the experimental knowledge base. This article uses secondary data sources such as Web of Science and applies the method of bibliometrics to illustrate how an assessment is carried out in practice by evaluating the artificial intelligence (AI) knowledge bases in Sydney from 2000 to 2018. The findings are summarized with an illustration of the evolution of the key actors and their activities over time in order to indicate the key strengths and weaknesses in Sydney's AI knowledge among the different bases. Contrary to expectations from the high potential of knowledge spillovers from a general purpose digital technology such as AI, the article shows that apparent knowledge spillovers are yet highly limited in Sydney. Even though Sydney has a strong emerging knowledge base, the realized knowledge base seems weak and the experimental knowledge base is slowly improving. That observation itself verifies the need to take strategic actions to facilitate knowledge spillovers within EEs. After the implications for theory and policy makers are discussed, suggestions for further studies are proposed.