bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical efficacy of harmalol in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sarkar Sarita , Bhattacharjee Paromita , Ghosh Tapas , Bhadra Kakali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) promoted by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) forms DNA adducts inducing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Plant alkaloid, harmalol, is being used as a therapeutic agent against HCC due to its accessibility and efficacy by apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of cancer epithelial cells.

Result
Seven groups of Swiss albino mice were taken. Different stages of liver tissues and serum from various experimental groups were collected before and after harmalol treatment. The investigation was carried out by enzyme assay, bilirubin level in the blood, DNA, RNA, normal serum protein of liver tissue, and alpha-feto protein estimation of serum. Gross morphological assessment of liver, histological, and different apoptosis markers viz. p53, caspase3, and cytochrome C expression were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot.
Harmalol (10 mg/kg B.W. per week, I.P.) for 9 weeks showed a significant reduction in hepatocellular foci, nodules, and carcinoma ultimately retaining the normal morphology. It further induces ROS-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial cytochrome C release that induces p53 by caspase3 activation.

Conclusion
The investigation will eventually help to develop more effective chemotherapeutic drugs from the natural source.
Does population density moderate suicide risk? An Italian population study over the last 30 years
Authors: Vichi Monica , Vitiello Benedetto , Ghirini Silvia , Pompili Maurizio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background.
The relationship between population density and suicide risk remains unclear. While urbanization is associated with greater risk for psychopathology, higher suicide rates have been reported in rural areas. We examined population density and suicide in the Italian population in the last 30 years.

Methods.
The Italian National Institute of Statistics databases of the Italian population aged 15 years and older (52.4 million in 2016) were used to compute age-adjusted annual total mortality and suicide rates for the years 1985–2016. According to the European Union statistical office (EUROSTAT) criteria, municipalities were classified into densely populated areas, intermediate density areas, or thinly populated areas. Rate ratios (RRs) were computed by sex, age, and geographical area, using densely populated areas as reference.

Results.
Total mortality was not associated with population density. In males, suicide rate increased with decreasing population density (RR = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.08–1.28, in intermediate population areas, and RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.20–1.45, in thinly populated areas, in 2016). This inverse relationship was found across age, geographical areas, and consecutively over 22 years (1994–2016). In females, no significant difference was detected (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.82–1.13 in intermediate density areas and RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.85–1.22 in thinly populated areas). Hanging was the most common suicide method among males, more frequent in thinly (58.8%) than intermediate (53.2%) or densely (41.4%) populated areas.

Conclusions.
A consistent and temporally stable inverse relationship between population density and suicide was found in the male, but not female, population. Men may be more vulnerable to adverse social and economic factors associated with lower population density.
Screening for Dental Infections Achieves 6-Fold Reduction in Dental Emergencies During Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Watson Erin E. , Metcalfe Jessica E. , Kreher Matthew R. , Maxymiw Walter G. , Glogauer Michael , Schimmer Aaron D. 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE: Patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are at risk of infection, including odontogenic infections, during induction chemotherapy. It is unknown whether clinical dental screening to diagnose and treat odontogenic disease in these patients can reduce the incidence of dental emergencies. METHODS: Between November 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, we screened 147 patients with newly diagnosed AML before their admission for induction chemotherapy (n1 = 147, “screened” group). The patients not screened acted as controls (n2 = 190, “unscreened” group), as did patients diagnosed with AML in the 26 months before the initiation of the screening program (n3 = 304, “prescreening” group). The number of patients in each group who presented for emergency dental assessment during admission for induction chemotherapy was determined by 2 independent reviewers. RESULTS: Among the 147 patients in the screened group, only 1 patient presented with an infectious odontogenic emergency (0.68% [95% CI, −0.64% to 1.98%]). In the unscreened group, 8 developed an infectious odontogenic emergency during induction chemotherapy (4.21% [95% CI, 1.37% to 7.15%]), a statistically significant difference ( P = .046, a = 0.05). A similar rate of infectious dental emergencies was observed in the prescreening group (4.28% [95% CI, 2.0% to 7.2%]). CONCLUSION: Clinical dental screening before induction chemotherapy in patients with AML resulted in a 6-fold reduction in infectious dental emergencies during the induction period.
Normal Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 During Somatostatin Receptor Ligand Treatment Predicts Surgical Cure in Acromegaly
Authors: Losa Marco , Garbin Enrico , Pedone Erika , Mortini Pietro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
Treatment with somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) is often given before pituitary surgery to patients with acromegaly.

Objective
To study whether the response to treatment with SRLs is predictive of surgical outcome.

Design
Retrospective, observational study.

Setting
Tertiary care center.

Patients
We investigated 272 patients with acromegaly who had been treated with an SRL between 1990 and 2018.

Intervention
All patients underwent pituitary surgery performed by a skilled neurosurgeon.

Main outcome measure
Outcome of pituitary surgery in patients who had normalization of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels during SRL therapy in comparison with patients who did not normalize IGF-1 levels.

Results
Normalization of IGF-1 levels during SRL treatment occurred in 62 patients (22.8%) and was similar for the 3 different types of SRL (P = .88). Surgical remission occurred in 59.6% of the patients. Patients who normalized IGF-1 levels during SRL treatment had a higher probability of surgical cure than patients without IGF-1 normalization (83.9% vs 52.4%, respectively; P &lt; .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that lack of cavernous sinus invasion, small maximum tumor diameter, and IGF-1 normalization during SRL therapy were the only factors independently associated with a favorable surgical outcome.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that the normalization of IGF-1 levels during treatment with SRLs is an independent predictive factor of a favorable surgical outcome. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, but an optimal response to medical therapy may be a characteristic of less aggressive tumors that are more likely to be entirely removed at surgery.
Differential Regulation and Targeting of Estrogen Receptor α Turnover in Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Sreekumar Sreeja , Levine Kevin M , Sikora Matthew J , Chen Jian , Tasdemir Nilgun , Carter Dorothy , Dabbs David J , Meier Carolin , Basudan Ahmed , Boone David , McAuliffe Priscilla F , Jankowitz Rachel C , Lee Adrian V , Atkinson Jennifer M , Oesterreich Steffi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 10% to 15% of breast cancers diagnosed annually. Evidence suggests that some aspects of endocrine treatment response might differ between invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ILC, and that patients with ILC have worse long-term survival. We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and observed lower levels of ESR1 mRNA (P = 0.002) and ERα protein (P = 0.038) in ER+ ILC (n = 137) compared to IDC (n = 554), and further confirmed the mRNA difference in a local UPMC cohort (ILC, n = 143; IDC, n = 877; P &lt; 0.005). In both datasets, the correlation between ESR1 mRNA and ERα protein was weaker in ILC, suggesting differential post-transcriptional regulation of ERα. In vitro, 17β-estradiol (E2) decreased the rate of degradation and increased the half-life of ERα in ILC cell lines, whereas the opposite was observed in IDC cell lines. Further, E2 failed to induce robust ubiquitination of ERα in ILC cells. To determine the potential clinical relevance of these findings, we evaluated the effect of 2 selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), ICI 182,780 and AZD9496, on ERα turnover and cell growth. While ICI 182,780 and AZD9496 showed similar effects in IDC cells, in ILC cell lines, AZD9496 was not as effective as ICI 182,780 in decreasing ERα stability and E2-induced proliferation. Furthermore, AZD9496 exhibited partial agonist activity in growth assays in ILC cell lines. Our study provides evidence for a distinct ERα regulation by SERDs in ILC cell lines, and therefore it is important to include ILC models into preclinical and clinical testing of novel SERDs.
Ykt6-dependent endosomal recycling is required for Wnt secretion in the Drosophila wing epithelium
Authors: Linnemannstöns Karen , Witte Leonie , Karuna M Pradhipa , Kittel Jeanette Clarissa , Danieli Adi , Müller Denise , Nitsch Lena , Honemann-Capito Mona , Grawe Ferdinand , Wodarz Andreas , Gross Julia Christina 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Morphogens are important signalling molecules for tissue development and their secretion requires tight regulation. In the wing imaginal disc of flies, the morphogen Wnt/Wingless is apically presented by the secreting cell and re-internalized before final long-range secretion. Why Wnt molecules undergo these trafficking steps and the nature of the regulatory control within the endosomal compartment remain unclear. Here, we have investigated how Wnts are sorted at the level of endosomes by the versatile v-SNARE Ykt6. Using in vivo genetics, proximity-dependent proteomics and in vitro biochemical analyses, we show that most Ykt6 is present in the cytosol, but can be recruited to de-acidified compartments and recycle Wnts to the plasma membrane via Rab4-positive recycling endosomes. Thus, we propose a molecular mechanism by which producing cells integrate and leverage endocytosis and recycling via Ykt6 to coordinate extracellular Wnt levels.
In silico screening of known small molecules to bind ACE2 specific RBD on Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 for repurposing against COVID-19
Authors: BR Bharath , Damle Hrishikesh , Ganju Shiban , Damle Latha 
Published: July 2020

Background: Human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is causing a pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality. As no effective novel drugs are available currently, drug repurposing is an alternative intervention strategy. Here we present an in silico drug repurposing study that implements successful concepts of computer-aided drug design (CADD) technology for repurposing known drugs to interfere with viral cellular entry via the spike glycoprotein (SARS-CoV-2-S), which mediates host cell entry via the hACE2 receptor. Methods: A total of 4015 known and approved small molecules were screened for interaction with SARS-CoV-2-S through docking studies and 15 lead molecules were shortlisted. Additionally, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) were selected based on their reported anti-viral activity, safety, availability and affordability. The 18 molecules were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Results: The MD simulation results indicate that GA of plant origin may be repurposed for SARS-CoV-2 intervention, pending further studies. Conclusions: Repurposing is a beneficial strategy for treating COVID-19 with existing drugs. It is aimed at using docking studies to screen molecules for clinical application and investigating their efficacy in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2-S. SARS-CoV-2-S is a key pathogenic protein that mediates pathogen-host interaction. Hence, the molecules screened for inhibitory properties against SARS-CoV-2-S can be clinically used to treat COVID-19 since the safety profile is already known.
Trade Credit Insurance: Operational Value and Contract Choice
Authors: Yang S. Alex , Bakshi Nitin , Chen Christopher J. 
Published: July 2020

Trade credit insurance (TCI) is a risk management tool commonly used by suppliers to guarantee against payment default by credit buyers. TCI contracts can be either cancelable (the insurer has the discretion to cancel this guarantee during the insured period) or noncancelable (the terms cannot be renegotiated within the insured period). This paper identifies two roles of TCI: the (cash flow) smoothing role (smoothing the supplier’s cash flows) and the monitoring role (tracking the buyer’s continued creditworthiness after contracting, which enables the supplier to make efficient operational decisions regarding whether to ship goods to the credit buyer). We further explore which contracts better facilitate these two roles of TCI by modeling the strategic interaction between the insurer and the supplier. Noncancelable contracts rely on the deductible to implement both roles, which may result in a conflict: a high deductible inhibits the smoothing role, whereas a low deductible weakens the monitoring role. Under cancelable contracts, the insurer’s cancelation action ensures that the information acquired is reflected in the supplier’s shipping decision. Thus, the insurer has adequate incentives to perform its monitoring function without resorting to a high deductible. Despite this advantage, we find that the insurer may exercise the cancelation option too aggressively; this thereby restores a preference for noncancelable contracts, especially when the supplier’s outside option is unattractive and the insurer’s monitoring cost is low. Noncancelable contracts are also relatively more attractive when the acquired information is verifiable than when it is unverifiable. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Experiences of individuals using a novel web-based rehabilitation programme: Self-management Programme of Activity Coping and Education (SPACE) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bourne Claire , Chaplin Emma , Chantrell Stacey , Singh Sally , Apps Lindsay 
Published: July 2020

Background/Aims The Self-management Programme of Activity Coping and Education (SPACE) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been integrated into an online programme for patients to pursue at home with the support of health care professionals. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to participation in the web-based programme and to guide further development of the website. Methods This nested qualitative study was part of a feasibility study comparing web-based rehabilitation with standard pulmonary rehabilitation. Framework analysis was performed to identify themes. Results Four overarching themes were identified: programme content and reported gains; embedding the programme into daily routines; barriers to participating in the programme; and support. These themes describe benefits of the programme including improved activity levels, exercise intensity and knowledge of the condition, as well as the incorporation of exercise into daily routine. Both completers and non-completers acknowledged the importance of motivation and self-discipline when following the programme and that the flexibility of the programme could help or hinder engagement. Support from healthcare professionals was important and used for encouragement, to obtain health advice and technical support. Conclusions The experiences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients using this web-based rehabilitation programme illustrate how patients can benefit from such a resource and integrate it into their daily lifestyle.
How primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis cope with social isolation: a grounded theory study in an Iranian context
Authors: Takalu Mohammad Taghi Mohseni , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Khankeh Hamid Reza , Pishyareh Ebrahim , Ebrahimi Hossein Ali , Bakhshi Enayatollah 
Published: July 2020

Background/aimsMultiple sclerosis is a progressive neurological disease that can significantly impact the psychosocial aspects of primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis. This study explored the process of social isolation among primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis in Kerman, Iran.MethodsA grounded theory approach was employed to explore the various aspects of social isolation. Data were collected through unstructured and semi-structured interviews with 15 primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis, 13 individuals with multiple sclerosis and five health care providers who were selected based on purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data were analysed via constant comparative analysis.ResultsThe core variable identified from the interviews was social isolation. Other concepts that were connected with this were: insufficient knowledge and awareness, escaping stigma, occupational difficulties, marital challenges and management of restrictions.ConclusionsSocial isolation can affect the wellbeing of primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Recognition and awareness of the process of social isolation and factors influencing it can be beneficial in designing theory-driven evaluation and intervention methods. It is recommended that rehabilitation specialists pay close attention to the common needs and interests of both individuals with multiple sclerosis and their primary caregivers.
UK rehabilitation professionals' experiences undertaking short-term responses after sudden-onset disaster
Authors: Cole Mary Jane R , Barrett Rosalie V , Mein Gill K 
Published: July 2020

Background/Aims Rehabilitation professionals can be members of international emergency responding medical teams after a natural disaster or following conflict. There is little research that explores the experiences of rehabilitation professionals who participate in these short-term emergency responses. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of rehabilitation professionals, specifically those of occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Objectives included examining personal and professional development opportunities, and how these experiences might inform future responses and the rehabilitation professional role. Methods A phenomenological approach was undertaken. Eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with rehabilitation professionals who had worked as part of short-term response following conflict or sudden-onset disaster. Transcriptions were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Two main themes and subsequent subthemes emerged. Theme 1 was challenges, with subthemes: an emotional journey; have I made a difference; and cultural and contextual awareness. Theme 2 was opportunities, with subthemes: a short-term response; working together; and developing skills and knowledge. Conclusions The experiences of UK-based rehabilitation professionals on short-term rotational responses as part of an emergency specialised rehabilitation team were overall positive. Challenges have implications for developing future pre- and post-response training and support. Further research is recommended to determine the contribution of these responses and to continue to develop understanding of the rehabilitation professional role in a responding specialised rehabilitation team.
Displaced olecranon fractures in the elderly: outcomes after non-operative treatment – a narrative review
Authors: Savvidou Olga D. , Koutsouradis Panagiotis , Kaspiris Angelos , Naar Leon , Chloros George D. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. 
Published: July 2020

Operative treatment with tension band wiring or plate is the gold standard of care for displaced olecranon fractures. In elderly patients, multiple comorbidities combine with increased intraoperative risks, and postoperative complications may yield poor results. There are small series in the literature that show promising results with non-operative treatment. Non-operative treatment may provide reasonable function and satisfaction in the elderly population and could be considered as a treatment option in this group, especially for those with comorbidities, to avoid postoperative complications and the need for re-operation. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:391-397. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190041
The Supports Intensity Scale Children's Version–Icelandic Translation: Examining Measurement Properties
Authors: Thompson James R. , Shaw Leslie A. , Shogren Karrie A. , Sigurðsson Tryggvi , Stefánsdóttir Guðný 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An innovation in developing the Supports Intensity Scale—Children's Version (SIS-C) was the adoption of latent variable modeling approaches to norm development. In regard to translated versions of the SIS-C, the latent modeling approaches provided opportunities to leverage the large standardization sample generated in the United States (n = 4,015) to generate translation-specific norms from data collected on smaller samples in other countries and enable future cross-cultural analyses. In this study, data were collected on children in Iceland who received special education services (as defined and delivered in Iceland), a more diverse group of children with disabilities than the U.S. sample. This provided a unique context to explore cross-cultural differences. Findings indicated the structure of the SIS-C (i.e., seven support need domains organized under an overall support needs construct), was supported in the Icelandic context. However, findings also suggested that supports planning teams in Iceland must consider specific age-related factors that differ from other cultural contexts.
‘A friend who stabs you’: Abjection, violence and the female clique in film
Authors: Gildersleeve Jessica 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article establishes a unique subgenre of film (the ‘female clique film’) in which the clique (and its disruption) is central to the film’s plot. It discusses four female clique films – Heathers (1989), The Craft (1996), Jawbreaker (1999) and Mean Girls (2004) – in order to consider their depiction of physical rather than relational aggression: extraordinary and even sociopathic violence occurs both within and outside these female relationships as part of the ritualized identity of the clique. It uses the logic of abjection to analyse the figure of the outsider as well as the female body, showing how social abjection and abject bodies are linked by the clique when they commit both relational and physical aggression against other girls. The article argues that the female clique film must be understood in terms of Alison Yarrow’s ‘bitchification’ – the failures of feminism in the later decades of the twentieth century.
Wildflowering culture: Kathleen McArthur and creating a popular wildflower consciousness
Authors: Davis Susan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Changing people’s hearts and minds requires courage, conviction and creativity. To change attitudes and reach the public consciousness, a diverse range of communicative and cultural tools need to be employed. Australian artist and conservationist Kathleen McArthur rose to the challenge using all the forms that were available to her. Working with others such as renowned poet Judith Wright, she sought to change the way Australians regarded our native plants and landscapes. Kathleen understood that to protect the precious environments that remained would require reaching out to ordinary Australians. Therefore, she utilized a suite of arts and communication forms, ranging from postcard campaigns to weekly newspaper columns, public talks, slide presentations, paintings, exhibitions and published books. Inspired by natural forms and utilizing cultural forms, McArthur was able to promote a form of ‘nature culture’ and public consciousness to protect and promote the nature that she loved.