bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with family cohesion and adaptability among Chinese registered nurses
Authors: Huang Lei , Wang Ya , Huang Hao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo identify determinants of family cohesion and adaptability among Chinese registered nurses.BackgroundIn China, the shortage of registered nurses imposes a higher physical and emotional workload, which will aggravate their work–family conflicts. Therefore, it is easy for nurses to ignore the importance of family, which is undeniably detrimental to healthy self‐development and providing better care to patients.DesignWith a cross‐sectional and observational study design (see the STROBE checklist and Supplementary File 1).MethodsThe Family Cohesion and Adaptability Scale was administered to registered nurses (N = 825) from 10 hospitals throughout China. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the related factors for family cohesion and adaptability.ResultsThe multiple regression analysis revealed that inharmonious relationship with spouse's parents, discordant nurse–patient relationship, parents live in countryside, and poor leadership was found to be important risk predictors of family cohesion, and inharmonious relationship with spouse's parents, discordant nurse–patient relationship, high education, feel overworked and poor leadership was found to be important risk predictors of family adaptability.ConclusionHospital managers need to pay attention to the risk factors that affect nurses' family cohesion and adaptability. To achieve this, they should employ targeted measures to enhance these aspects in time, which will help improve nurses' family life and promote their participation and role in family decision‐making. This will not only help them create a better external environment for their healthy self‐development but also allow them to maintain a better mood and energy to take care of patients.Relevance to clinical practiceFamily cohesion and adaptability are important for nurses, as they may affect nurses' healthy self‐development and quality of service provided to patients. Hospital managers should pay attention to the risk factors of nurses' family cohesion and adaptability, such as poor nurse–patient relationship, and consider employing corresponding measures to help them.
Recovery experiences of younger stroke survivors who are parents: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Harris Walker Gabrielle , Oyesanya Tolu O. , Hurley Alexandria , Sandhu Sahil , Liu Chelsea , Mulla Maaz , Prvu Bettger Janet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the experience of parenting for younger stroke survivors (aged 18 to 64 years at the time of the stroke).BackgroundStroke among younger adults increased 43% between 2000 and 2010. The social, emotional and physical functioning of younger adults affects multiple aspects of their lives including parenting. There is limited research on the experience of parenting after stroke.DesignThis is a qualitative descriptive study.MethodsWe conducted individual semi‐structured interviews with 10 younger adults who were actively parenting children under the age of 18 years at the time of stroke. Conventional content analysis was used to analyse the data. We report the methods and results using the COREQ checklist.ResultsImpairments from stroke disrupted participants’ identity, relationships and roles as a parent. The degree to which parenting abilities and behaviours were affected by stroke was contingent upon the type and severity of impairments as well as the children's age. Participants also observed emotional and behavioural changes in their children in response to their stroke. Support from family, friends, healthcare providers and children's school/day care was crucial to participants throughout their stroke recovery. Two major themes emerged: (a) finding a new normal; and (b) support for parenting post‐stroke.ConclusionsFindings enable a deeper understanding of the distinct parenting challenges younger stroke survivors face and can inform future research on this population.Relevance for clinical practiceStudy findings highlight the need for continual and tailored follow‐up by nurses and other allied healthcare professionals to decrease the difficulty stroke survivors experience when trying to resume their role as parents.
A narrative review of peer support barriers and facilitators in kidney care
Authors: Trasolini Andrew , Wood Eleri , Thomas Nicola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatients with chronic kidney disease often experience emotional/mental challenges and benefit from peer support, as it provides insight/information from others with the same condition. Previous studies show it is effective in improving health outcomes and aids in treatment decisions.Literature ReviewThere is low peer support uptake among patients with chronic kidney disease in the United Kingdom and staff do not utilise peer support services fully. Few studies within the United Kingdom have focused on peer support barriers/facilitators, so this narrative review aimed to understand them from staff and patient perspectives.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive search strategy and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied with a two‐step process of article selection employed using two reviewers. Thematic analysis was applied.ResultsFive articles were included and six themes emerged. Low referrals and difficulty matching were staff barriers; concern regarding the relationship dynamic and the format/delivery were patient barriers. Promotion of the service aided the uptake from staff, while patients valued inclusivity.DiscussionIncreased promotion of peer support benefits through training/awareness may improve staff referrals and there should be greater exposure nationally. A flexible format is essential to ensure ample opportunity for access.ConclusionThis review highlights the current literature on peer support barriers/facilitators. Further study is needed to evidence which approaches best overcome staff‐ and patient‐barriers.
Frailty in outpatients with cirrhosis: A prospective observational study
Authors: Román Eva , Parramón Marc , Flavià Montserrat , Gely Cristina , Poca Maria , Gallego Adolfo , Santesmases Rosalia , Hernández Elvira , Nieto Juan C. , Urgell Eulàlia , Alvarado‐Tapias Edilmar , Vidal Silvia , Ferrero‐Gregori Andreu , Vargas Víctor , Guarner Carlos , Soriano German 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimFrailty is increasingly recognized as a major prognostic factor in cirrhosis in addition to conventional liver insufficiency scores. The aim was to compare the prevalence and characteristics of frailty between patients with cirrhosis and controls, and to analyse its prognostic value.MethodsWe included outpatients with cirrhosis and age‐ and gender‐matched non‐cirrhotic controls. Frailty was defined according to the Fried frailty criteria. In patients with cirrhosis, we analysed the ability of the degree of frailty to predict a composite endpoint, consisting of hospitalization, admission to a long‐term care centre, falls or death.ResultsWe included 135 patients with cirrhosis and 135 controls. The prevalence of frailty was higher among patients with cirrhosis: 35 (25.9%) frail, 74 (54.8%) pre‐frail and 26 (19.2%) robust vs 14 (10.4%) frail, 67 (49.6%) pre‐frail and 54 (40%) robust (P < .001) in controls. This difference was mainly as a result of decreased muscle strength in patients with cirrhosis. During follow‐up, frail patients with cirrhosis showed a higher probability of composite endpoint, hospitalization and falls than pre‐frail and robust cirrhotic patients but mortality was similar. MELD‐Na score and frailty were independent predictive factors for hospitalization, frailty for falls, and MELD‐Na score and albumin for survival. Vitamin D deficiency and increased cystatin C were associated with frailty.ConclusionsFrailty was more frequent in outpatients with cirrhosis than in controls, mainly because of a decrease in muscle strength, and it could be a predictive factor for hospitalization and falls in these patients.
Do online newspapers promote or undermine nation‐building in divided societies? Evidence from Africa
Authors: Lieberman Evan , Miller Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeminal contributions to the study of nation‐building emphasized the role of newspapers in the development of national consciousness. But do such theories apply in the modern context of online news sites, especially in diverse, postcolonial societies? Because online news sites contain forums for reader comments, this provides an opportunity to assess the relationship between exposure to media content and citizen sentiments. We investigate the extent to which a major online news site makes ethnic categories salient in sub‐Saharan Africa's largest country, Nigeria. Analysing more than 35,000 news articles and 300,000 comments, we find that commenters frequently broadcast strong expressions of subnational ethnic animus in response to a wide variety of stories. In particular, the use of some ethnic categories in headlines is associated with more than 40 percentage point increase in the probability of at least one reader making an ethnic‐based comment. Extending the analysis to South Africa, we show that these patterns generalize beyond Nigeria. By amplifying ethnic animus, ‘national’ newspapers may impede nation‐building efforts.
How are perceptions of social strain and low support related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome?—A Norwegian twin study
Authors: Kutschke Julia , Harris Jennifer R. , Bengtson May‐Bente 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocial stress is related to symptom burden of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study explores the associations between IBS and social strain or low support in close relationships, including spouse, friends, and family, in a Norwegian twin cohort.MethodsThe sample included 5442 Norwegian twins aged 40–80, of whom 589 suffer from IBS. We used multivariate structural equation models to estimate genetic and environmental sources of variation and covariation underlying IBS liability, measures of social stress and the relationships between these. The co‐twin control design was used to explore the nature of the associations between IBS and social strain or low support using models that test for causality.Key ResultsGenetic effects explained between 30% and 40% of the variation in IBS liability, social strain, and low support. The phenotypic correlations between IBS and social strain (0.20) and between IBS and low support (0.17) were primarily explained by shared genetic pathways. Surprisingly, all the genetic variation underlying the liability to develop IBS was shared with genetic influences underlying social strain and low support. In contrast, most of the nonshared environmental influences accounting for the variation of IBS risk were unique for IBS. The co‐twin control analyses suggest that the relationships between IBS and the social measures reflect shared familial rather than causal effects.Conclusion & InferencesThe genetic variation of IBS risk was fully shared with genetic effects for variation in the social measures, emphasizing the contribution of genes involved in central brain–gut mechanisms to genetic variation in IBS risk.
A Stalled Revolution? Change in Women's Labor Force Participation during Child‐Rearing Years, Europe and the United States 1996–2016
Authors: Hook Jennifer L. , Paek Eunjeong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile women's labor force participation rates (LFPRs) in the United States stalled over the last quarter‐century, European countries exhibited a variety of trajectories. We draw on demographic and gender theories of women's life course to understand changes in women's LFPR during their prime child‐rearing years. We build expectations about how aggregate trends may be driven by shifts in the prevalence of key demographic events such as child‐rearing (i.e., compositional) versus shifts in the association of these events with women's LFP (i.e., behavioral). We use data from the European Union Labour Force Surveys and the US Current Population Survey in Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition models to decompose trends in women's LFPR from 1996 to 2016 across 18 countries by educational attainment, partnership status, and parental status for women aged 20–44. Compositional and behavioral shifts positively contribute to higher LFPR in most countries, but lower rates in several others. Behavioral change is not widely shared across groups of women. Partnered mothers without college degrees are the main contributors to behavioral change and show the greatest variability across countries. We suggest greater research attention to this “missing middle,” as their LFP is key to understanding change during this period.
Effortful listening under the microscope: Examining relations between pupillometric and subjective markers of effort and tiredness from listening
Authors: McGarrigle Ronan , Rakusen Lyndon , Mattys Sven 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEffort during listening is commonly measured using the task‐evoked pupil response (TEPR); a pupillometric marker of physiological arousal. However, studies to date report no association between TEPR and perceived effort. One possible reason for this is the way in which self‐report effort measures are typically administered, namely as a single data point collected at the end of a testing session. Another possible reason is that TEPR might relate more closely to the experience of tiredness from listening than to effort per se. To examine these possibilities, we conducted two preregistered experiments that recorded subjective ratings of effort and tiredness from listening at multiple time points and examined their covariance with TEPR over the course of listening tasks varying in levels of acoustic and attentional demand. In both experiments, we showed a within‐subject association between TEPR and tiredness from listening, but no association between TEPR and effort. The data also suggest that the effect of task difficulty on the experience of tiredness from listening may go undetected using the traditional approach of collecting a single data point at the end of a listening block. Finally, this study demonstrates the utility of a novel correlation analysis technique (“rmcorr”), which can be used to overcome statistical power constraints commonly found in the literature. Teasing apart the subjective and physiological mechanisms that underpin effortful listening is a crucial step toward addressing these difficulties in older and/or hearing‐impaired individuals.
Is there such a thing as literary cognition?
Authors: Plumer Gilbert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractI question whether the case for ‘literary cognitivism’ has generally been successfully made. As it is usually construed, the thesis is easy to satisfy illegitimately because dependence on fictionality is not built in as a requirement. The thesis of literary cognitivism should say: ‘literary fiction can be a source of knowledge in a way that depends crucially on its being fictional’ (Green's phrasing). After questioning whether nonpropositional cognitivist views (e.g., Nussbaum's) meet this neglected standard, I argue that if fictional narratives can impart propositional knowledge in virtue of their fictionality, it would be largely via a suppositional framework. Yet in many cases, such as Huxley's Brave New World, the key literary supposition could simply be an epistemic possibility (‘suppose X, which for all we know, occurs sometime’), not counterfactual supposition, that is, distinctively fictional supposition. The best general case for literary cognitivism may be the limited one that literary fiction can alert us to nonactual metaphysical possibilities that may be important for understanding actuality. Yet even here, seemingly possible fictions are often impossible.
OsSYL2AA, an allele identified by gene‐based association, increases style length in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Dang Xiaojing , Yang Yang , Zhang Yuanqing , Chen Xiangong , Fan Zhilan , Liu Qiangming , Ji Jie , Li Dalu , Li Yanhui , Fang Bingjie , Wu Zexu , Liu Erbao , Hu Xiaoxiao , Zhu Shangshang , She Dong , Wang Hui , Li Yulong , Chen Siqi , Wu Yufeng , Hong Delin 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYStigma characteristics are important factors affecting the seed yield of hybrid rice per unit area. Natural variation of stigma characteristics has been reported in rice, but the genetic basis for this variation is largely unknown. We performed a genome‐wide association study on three stigma characteristics in six environments using 1.3 million single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) characterized in 353 diverse accessions of Oryza sativa. An abundance of phenotypic variation was present in the three stigma characteristics of these collections. We identified four significant SNPs associated with stigma length, 20 SNPs with style length (SYL), and 17 SNPs with the sum of stigma and style length, which were detected repeatedly in more than four environments. Of these SNPs, 28 were novel. We identified two causal gene loci for SYL, OsSYL3 and OsSYL2; OsSYL3 was co‐localized with the grain size gene GS3. The SYL of accessions carrying allele OsSYL3AA was significantly longer than that of those carrying allele OsSYL3CC. We also demonstrated that the outcrossing rate of female parents carrying allele OsSYL2AA increased by 5.71% compared with that of the isogenic line carrying allele OsSYL2CC in an F1 hybrid seed production field. The allele frequencies of OsSYL3AA and OsSYL2AA decreased gradually with an increase in latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. Our results should facilitate the improvement in stigma characteristics of parents of hybrid rice.
Innovative approach for purification of wastewater effluent via soil filtration
Authors: Ahmed Abdelkader T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examined the feasibility of tertiary treatment for the effluent of the wastewater treatment plants through filtration into soil layers and pumping it for reuse. The research adopted experimental measurements and modelling works to simulate treating wastewater effluents by surrounding soil layers. The modelling work investigated the suitable distances for wastewater purifications into different types of soil. The work also studied a novel method by adding treating artificial layers around the extracting well such as active carbon, sawdust and fine sand layers to increase treatment efficiency. The results of simulation model exhibited that the most of pollutant concentrations can be removed by soil filtration after a short horizontal distance about 20 m away from the pollution source. The model portrayed also very well the importance of the proposed approach of using artificial materials around the extracting well as the approach results showed high removal efficiency reached 100%. The results showed generally that using this treatment technique generated relatively high‐quality water suitable for many applications such as irrigation.
Hierarchical Validation Prevents Over-Fitting of the Neck Material Model for an Anthropomorphic Test Device Used in Underbody Blast Scenarios
Authors: Alexander Max Baker , Hostetler Zach , Vavalle Nicholas , Armiger Robert , Coates Randolph , Gayzik Francis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Injury due to underbody loading is increasingly relevant to the safety of the modern warfighter. To accurately evaluate injury risk in this loading modality, a biofidelic anthropomorphic test device (e.g., dummy) is required. Finite element model counterparts to the physical dummies are also useful tools in the evaluation of injury risk, but require validated constitutive material models used in the dummy. However, material model fitting can result in models that are over-fit: they match well with the data they were trained on, but do not extrapolate well to new loading scenarios. In this study, we used a hierarchical approach. Material models created from coupon-level tests were evaluated at the component level, and then verified using blinded component and whole body (WB) tests to establish a material model of the anthropomorphic test device (ATD) neck that was not over-fit. Additionally, a combined metric is introduced that incorporates the well-known correlation analysis (CORA) score with peak characteristics to holistically evaluate the material model performance. A Bergstrom Boyce material model fit to one loop of combined compression and tension experimental data performed the best within the training datasets. Its combined metric scores were 2.51 and 2.18 (max score of 3) in a constrained neck and head neck setup, respectively. In the blinded evaluation including flexed, extended, and WB simulations, similar combined scores were observed with 2.44, 2.26, and 2.60, respectively. The agreement between the combined scores in the training and validation dataset indicated that model was not over-fit and can be extrapolated into untested, but similar loading scenarios.
Evaluation of Annulus Pressure Buildup During Injection Operations
Authors: Mohamed I. M. , Panchal Y. , Mounir N. , Woolsey G. , Abou-Sayed O. A. , Abou-Sayed A. S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
More than 300 million barrels of saltwater is produced everyday from oil and gas production wells. Most of this volume is injected through either saltwater disposal wells or used for water flooding and enhanced recovery purposes. Usually, the regulations require the injection to be conducted through the injector well tubing that is isolated from the well annulus to protect the underground source of drinking water (USDW) by preventing any possible leak through the well casing. Monitoring of the annulus pressure during injection ensures the well integrity. The annulus pressure changes can occur by one of the following mechanisms: thermal expansion of the annulus fluid; ballooning of the injection tubing; communication between the tubing and the annulus; or fluid migration behind the casing. Determining the communication mechanism can be a complex process and a need may arise to run several testing procedures and inspect all the wellbore components. Successful evaluation of the annulus pressure values and trends can directly identify the root cause of the annulus pressure buildup and simultaneously save time and reduce the cost associated with the workover operations. The seven case studies presented in this paper focus on the details pertaining to the annulus pressure buildup under different well conditions and purposes the interpretation technique for each case.
Tribological Property of Biocarbon-Based Magnesium Silicate Hydroxide Nanocomposite as Lubricant Additive at Different Concentrations of Additive and Dispersant
Authors: Gao Rongqin , Liu Wenbo , Chang Qiuying , Zhang Hao , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe tribological performance of biocarbon-based magnesium silicate hydroxide nanocomposite was examined as a lubricant additive by using a four-ball friction and wear tester. The effect of different concentrations of additives and dispersants was evaluated. The results show the nanocomposite exhibits excellent anti-wear performance and the optimal value is proposed when the content of additive and dispersant is 0.7 wt% and 3 wt% respectively. Through analyzing the friction surfaces by scanning electron microscope and Raman, we proposed the additives acted by a combination of “bearing,” “third body,” and sliding effect to achieve outstanding tribological properties.