bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artemisinin Attenuated Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis by Inhibiting Autophagy in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y&nbsp;Cell&nbsp;
Authors: Yan Junqiang , Ma Hongxia , Lai Xiaoyi , Wu Jiannan , Liu Anran , Huang Jiarui , Sun Wenjie , Shen Mengmeng , Zhang Yude 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's. The drugs currently used to treat PD cannot inhibit the development of PD, and long-term use produces severe drug resistance and adverse reaction. Artemisinin (ART) is an active ingredient of Artemisia annua and has a neuroprotective effect, but the mechanism is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of ART in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Results There was no significant cytotoxicity when the ART concentration was under. 40μM. The 20μM ART for 24h could increase the cell viability by reducing oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cell. In addition, immunoblot and immunofluorescence results showed that MPP+ treatment increased the expression of Beclin1, LC3II/LC3I and decreased the expression of P62, while ART can reverse the changes caused by MPP+. Discussion More and more researches reported that ART and its derivates have neuroprotective effects through anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis. we found that pre-treated cells with 20μM ART for 4h could significantly increase the viability in Parkinson's disease cell model. The oxidative stress and apoptosis were the main reason for the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, while artemisinin can attenuate oxidative stress and apoptosis in MPP+-lesioned dopaminergic neurons. The levels of autophagy proteins LC3II/I, Beclin1 and P62 also showed that MPP+ increased the autophagy level, and pre-treatment with ART decreased the autophagy level, which may be the pathological mechanism for artemisinin to reduce oxidative stress damage and apoptosis. Conclusions These results indicate that ART exerts a positive effect on MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells in terms of anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis. These effects may be related to autophagy. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the critical role of ART in PD treatment.
De Novo Design and Bioactivity Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors Using ULMFit
Authors: Santana Marcos , Silva Floriano Paes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) created a rush to discover drug candidates. Despite the efforts, so far no vaccine or drug has been approved for treatment. Artificial intelligence offers solutions that could accelerate the discovery and optimization of new antivirals, especially in the current scenario dominated by the scarcity of compounds active against SARS-CoV-2. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is an attractive target for drug discovery due to the absence in humans and the essential role in viral replication. In this work, we developed a deep learning platform for de novo design of putative inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro ). Our methodology consists of 3 main steps: 1) training and validation of general chemistry-based generative model; 2) fine-tuning of the generative model for the chemical space of SARS-CoV- M pro inhibitors and 3) training of a classifier for bioactivity prediction using transfer learning. The fine-tuned chemical model generated >90% valid, diverse and novel (not present on the training set) structures. The generated molecules showed a good overlap with M pro chemical space, displaying similar physicochemical properties and chemical structures. In addition, novel scaffolds were also generated, showing the potential to explore new chemical series. The classification model outperformed the baseline area under the precision-recall curve, showing it can be used for prediction. In addition, the model also outperformed the freely available model Chemprop on an external test set of fragments screened against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, showing its potential to identify putative antivirals to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, among the top-20 predicted hits, we identified nine hits via molecular docking displaying binding poses and interactions similar to experimentally validated inhibitors.
Effects of Intraoperative Ketamine Versus Dexmedetomidine on Release of Inflammatory Mediators in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Elghamry Mona Raafat , Naguib Tamer Mohamed , AbdAlraheem Taysser Mahmoud , Dawood Lamees Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background: Surgery and anesthesia are sources of stress to the patients. Inflammatory reactions to this stress have adverse effects on wound healing and remote organs in addition to long-term sequels e.g. adhesion formation. We compared the effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine on perioperative level of serum inflammatory biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and C- reactive protein. Methods: We included Seventy-five patients, aged 30-60, ASA I–II, and scheduled for laparoscopic hysterectomy. Patients were randomized to receive intraoperative ketamine (bolus dose 0.25 mg/kg then continuous infusion 250 µg/kg/h), dexmedetomidine (1µg/kg bolus dose then continuous infusion 0.5 µg/kg/h), or placebo. The primary outcome was to measure serum level of inflammatory biomarkers. Hemodynamic parameters, Recovery time, and complications within 24 hours postoperative were recorded.Results: Whilst there was significant increase in concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers 6 and 24 h postoperative in all groups, there were significant differences between ketamine and dexmedetomidine group as compared to control group with no significant differences between ketamine and dexmedetomidine group. As regard hemodynamic parameters, there were significant increase in ketamine group and decrease in dexmedetomidine group as compared to base line with no need for medical intervention. There was delayed recovery in ketamine group versus control and dexmedetomidine group (24.3 ± 6.4, 12.6 ± 2.0, 13.5 ± 3.3 min respectively; P < 0.001). More complications were reported in ketamine group but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine and ketamine are comparable as regards attenuation of perioperative inflammatory response. However, dexmedetomidine has a favorable safety profile.Trial registry number is (PACTR201910617459894: date of registration 10/24/2019)
Development of Chinese Chestnut Whiskey: Yeast Strains Isolation, Fermentation System Optimization, and Scale-Up Fermentation
Authors: Shi Cuie , Shoubao Yan , Jiaquan Guang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, we used Chinese chestnut as the main raw material to develop a novel type of whiskey. First, 16 yeasts were isolated and identified for producing aroma using olfactory plate assay. Of these, we screened nine yeast strains based on their fermentation capacity, aroma profile, and sensory evaluation. The results demonstrated the combination of strains HN006 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and HN010 (Wickerhamomyces anomalus) provided satisfactory wine fermentation with an interesting flavor profile, as strain HN010 was highly aromatic and had elevated sensory scores with comparatively low ethanol yield, while strain HN006 had a poor flavor profile but produced the largest amount of ethanol. Subsequently, we co-cultured strains HN006 and HN010 to optimize the fermentation system. The results revealed the following optimum parameters: a mixed inoculum of 6% (v/v) at an HN006/HN010 ratio of 1: 2 (v/v), a raw material ratio of 5: 3: 2 (chestnut: malt: glutinous rice), and yeast extract concentration of 6 g/L. Additionally, this fermentation system was successfully scaled-up to a 1000 L pilot-scale system. The results of this study showed that strains HN006 and HN010 could be used as alternatives for whiskey fermentation, as well as provided a generalized experimental scheme to assess other microorganisms.
Clinical Comparison of Epidural Clonidine and Verapamil with Ropivacaine in Abdominal Hysterectomy; A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study.
Authors: Suraj Kumar  , Manoj Tripathi  , Deepak Malviya  , Sujeet Rai  , Sumit Kumar  , Manoj Kumar Giri  
Published: October 2020

Background: Adjuvants, when combined with local anaesthetics, increase duration of block, improve quality of blockade and accelerate onset of block. The aim of this study is to assess the analgesic properties and postoperative analgesia of Clonidine and verapamil in the epidural block for abdominal hysterectomy.Subjects and Methods:Ninety patients were divided into three groups Group l- patient were given ropivacaine (0.75%) in the dose of 20 ml, Group II -0.75% ropivacaine 20 ml with verapamil in the dose of 2.5 ml, Group III -0.75% ropivacaine 20 ml with Clonidine in the dose of 1mcg/kg body weight. Patients were assessed for onset, degree, level, duration of sensory and motor block, duration of complete analgesia and postoperative analgesia, rescue analgesic requirement, sedation score and adverse effects.Results:When groups I and II were compared, onset of sensory and motor block was found to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05), while it was early in group III in comparison to groups I and II and statistically significant ( p<0.05). The duration of sensory block in group III was more in comparison to groups I and II and were statistically significant ( p<0.05). The mean duration of analgesia in group I was 184.03 + 5.20 mins, in group II was 300.46 + 5.80 mins and in groups, III was 538 + 12.80 mins.Conclusion:Verapamil does not enhance the onset, duration of the sensory and motor block, though Clonidine in the dose of 1ug/kg enhances the onset of sensory block. The duration of postoperative analgesia with verapamil was more and much higher compared to Clonidine.
Clinical Comparative Study between Fentanyl and Dexmedetomidine with Bupivacaine for Lower Limb Surgery in Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Tuhin Vashishth  , Sangeeta Varun  
Published: October 2020

Background: Spinal anesthesia is a preferred technique of choice in infraumbilical surgeries. The spinal anesthesia effect can be improved by adding various adjuvant like Fentanyl, clonidine, dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonists. The aim of study to compare efficacy and safety between Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl with Bupivacaine.Subjects and Methods:A prospective randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 100 patient by dividing them into two groups. Group D: 2.5ml (12.5mg) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 5mcg (0.5ml) dexmedetomidine and Group F : 2.5ml(12.5mg) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 2 5mcg(0.5ml) fentanyl. The total volume injected intrathecally was 3.0ml in ASA I and II grade patient undergoing lower limb surgery.Results:Patients in dexmedetomidine groupD had a significantly longer sensory and motor block time than patients in fentanyl group F.The mean time of sensory regression to level S1 was 306.00 ± 13 .32 in group D and 206.14± 16.69 in group F(P<0.001). The regression time of motor block to reach modified Bromage 0 was 257.70±14.61 in group D and 178.54±14.23 in group F(P<0.001).Conclusion:Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine is associated with prolonging motor and sensory block as compare to Fentanyl.
Comparison of Tramadol and Pethidine for Control of Shivering Following Central Neuraxial Blockade
Authors: Prameela VS  , Madhu Kumar BS  , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: October 2020

Background: Central neuraxial blockade is associated with shivering in 40-60% of the patients. A popularly used drug to control shivering is pethidine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tramadol on shivering and compare it with the efficacy of pethidine. The study was also intended to compare the haemodynamics, complications and recurrence of shivering with the use of pethidine and tramadol. Subjects and Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted in Department of Anaesthesiology, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Devanahalli, Bengaluru. In this study, 80 consenting patients of either gender, aged between 20-60 years, in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grades 1, 2 and 3 according to ASA who experienced shivering during or immediately after elective surgeries under central neuraxial blockade (spinal, epidural and combined spinal and epidural) were randomized to receive either pethidine 1mg/kg or tramadol 1 mg/kg for control of shivering. The time interval for the onset of shivering after regional anaesthesia, onset of disappearance of shivering after drug administration, complete disappearance of shivering, hemodynamics, recurrence of shivering and complications were recorded. Results: There was no statistical difference in the onset of disappearance between the 2 groups (p=0.615). Time taken for complete disappearance of shivering after 5 minutes interval period was statistically more in Group T (17.5% vs 5% in Group P) with p= 0.154. Recurrence of shivering occurred more in the tramadol group as compared to pethidine group which was strongly significant statistically (27.5% vs 5.0%) with p=0.006. However the incidence of complications was higher with pethidine with a greater drop in mean blood pressure, increased indicators of respiratory depression, more sedation, greater nausea, vomiting and itching. Conclusion: The present study results may conclude that tramadol is an effective drug in the control of shivering with more stable hemodynamic and fewer side effects such as sedation, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting and itching. However one must be prepared for a slight delay in the onset of its action and expect a recurrence of shivering which may require further therapy. Pethidine, with its equal efficacy may be advocated in patients allergic to tramadol and where sedation is desirable.
A Study on Morphometric Dimensions of Human Fetal Spleen at Different Gestational Ages
Authors: D. Srivani  , P. Sofia  , J. Jayachandra Pillai  
Published: October 2020

Introduction:The spleen is the largest hemolymphatic organ of the human body that plays a significant role in Hematopoiesis and immune phagocytosis. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of spleen as hematopoietic organ in fetal period, role in synthesis of immunoglobulins & defense of human body against infections. A thorough knowledge of splenic morphometry and dimensions is vital in comprehending the development of spleen in fetal period.Aim:The aim of the study is to study detailed morphometric analysis human fetal splenic specimens of various gestational ages and compare the findings with earlier studiesSubjects and Methods:The present study included 40 fetal cadaveric spleen and morphometric features i.e.,length, breadth, width and weight of spleen were measured.Results:The average weight of the fetal spleen was 1.98 gm and varied from 0.1 to 5.1 gm. The average length, breadth and width of spleen in prenatal group were 2.21 cm, 1.39 cm and 0.645 cm respectively. In the present study the average weight of the fetal spleen was 1.98 gm and varied from 0.1 to 5.1 gm. There was statistically significant increase in splenic weight till 33 weeks.Conclusion:Knowledge of spleen size at different gestational ages will help in early detection and diagnosis of splenic anomalies, identifying congenital malformations, early diagnosis and prompt treatment of intrauterine infections.
Demand Forecast of Weapon Equipment Spare Parts Based on Improved Gray-Markov Model
Authors: Li Ou , Liu Bailin , Li Chenhao , Gao Dan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The demand for spare parts of weapons and equipment is time-varying and random. It is difficult to predict the demand for spare parts. Therefore, on the basis of gray GM(1,1), a state transition probability matrix based on improved state division is used to establish a demand forecast model for weapon equipment and spare parts. The model not only considers the characteristics of the GM(1,1) model’s strong handling of monotonic sequences, but also extracts the characteristics of random fluctuation response of data through the transformation of the state transition probability matrix, avoiding the phenomenon of the worst prediction results when the maximum probability state is not the actual state. It is proved through experiments that the prediction result based on the improved gray-Markov model is superior to the traditional model and the classic gray-Markov prediction model, and the accuracy of the improved model is about 1.46 times higher than that of the gray model.
Investigation of denoising effects on forecasting models by statistical and nonlinear dynamic analysis
Authors: Rahmani Farhang , Fattahi Mohammad Hadi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, the denoising effect on the performance of prediction models is evaluated. The 13-year daily data (2002–2015) of hydrological time series for the sub-basin of Parishan Lake of the Helle Basin in Iran were used to predict time series. At first, based on observational precipitation and temperature data, the prediction was performed, using the ARIMA, ANN-MLP, RBF, QES, and GP prediction models (the first scenario). Next, time series were denoised using the wavelet transform method, and then the prediction was made based on the denoised time series (the second scenario). To investigate the performance of the models in the first and second scenarios, nonlinear dynamic and statistical analysis, as well as chaos theory, was used. Finally, the analysis results of the second scenario were compared with those of the first scenario. The comparison revealed that denoising had a positive impact on the performance of all the models. However, it had the least influence on the GP model. In the time series produced by all the models, the error rate, embedding dimension needed to describe the attractors in dynamical systems and entropy decreased, and the correlation and autocorrelation increased.
Investigating statistical bias correction with temporal subsample of the upper Ping River Basin, Thailand
Authors: Wuthiwongtyohtin Srisunee 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate different statistical bias correction techniques to improve the output of a regional climate model (RCM) of daily rainfall for the upper Ping River Basin in Northern Thailand. Three subsamples are used for each bias correction method, which are (1) using full calibrated 30-year-period data, (2) seasonal subsampling, and (3) monthly subsampling. The bias correction techniques are classified into three groups, which are (1) distribution-derived transformation, (2) parametric transformation, and (3) nonparametric transformation. Eleven bias correction techniques with three different subsamples are used to derive transfer function parameters to adjust model bias error. Generally, appropriate bias correction methods with optimal subsampling are locally dependent and need to be defined specifically for a study area. The study results show that monthly subsampling would be well established by capturing the monthly mean variation after correcting the model's daily rainfall. The results also give the best-fitted parameter set of the different subsamples. However, applying the full calibrated data and the seasonal subsamples cannot substantially improve internal variability. Thus, the effect of internal climate variability of the study region is greater than the choice of bias correction methods. Of the bias correction approaches, nonparametric transformation performed best in correcting daily rainfall bias error in this study area as evaluated by statistics and frequency distributions. Therefore, using a combination of methods between the nonparametric transformation and monthly subsampling offered the best accuracy and robustness. However, the nonparametric transformation was quite sensitive to the calibration time period.
Preparation of mesoporous ammonium phosphotungstate/silica catalyst and study on the degradation performance of chlorothalonil
Authors: Tan Wei , Zhang Yifei , Wang Tianli , Liu Lei , Ye Junxiu , Yang Min , Wang Hongbin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chlorothalonil is widely used to control fungal diseases and it is usually detected in the environment. Phototransformation is an important process to remove chlorothalonil from the aquatic environment. The mesoporous ammonium phosphotungstate/silica catalyst (NH4PW/SiO2) was synthesized from cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as raw materials by adding insoluble ammonium phosphotungstate into the alkaline alcohol–water system by the sol-gel method. The structure of NH4PW/SiO2 was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The photocatalytic activity of NH4PW/SiO2 was evaluated by using the organic pesticide chlorothalonil as a model reactant. The result indicated that when the dosage of NH4PW/SiO2 is 0.02 g, the illumination is 180 min, the concentration of chlorothalonil is 5 mg/L, pH = 5, the degradation effect is better, and the degradation rate reaches 83.23%. The results contributed to the understanding of chlorothalonil phototransformation and the potential of mesoporous SiO2 to effectively enhance the photocatalytic activity of NH4PW (64.16%) to reduce aquatic toxicity and pollution by chlorothalonil.
An investigation on the adaptability of residential rainwater harvesting system in Tamil Nadu – techno-economic considerations and the way forward
Authors: Vasudevan Mangottiri , Natarajan Narayanan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is one of the most important means of water conservation today. Although there is tremendous emphasis on the implementation of this versatile technology at various levels, many of us are unaware of its significance and its consequences. This study examines the perception and awareness of people in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, of the RWH system through a questionnaire survey. The survey was conducted to infer basic information on rainwater harvesting features, water quality and conservation, economics of implementation and financial support. The results show that there is an increasing need to promote the usage of harvested rainwater for domestic purposes rather than direct groundwater recharge. The potential risks in the reliable supply of available water sources demand large-scale implementation of RWH especially in apartments. Fewer people are aware of the technical details of operation and maintenance of the RWH system (22.2%) while more people are aware of the general layout of the system (50.5%). Longer experience in using RWH systems (for more than two years) builds confidence in using them for consumptive uses compared with the response from recent adopters. This also demonstrates the scope for a radical change in the perception of water quality by continuous awareness and financial incentives.