bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Typhoon Hato (2017) and Typhoon Mangkhut (2018)—Their Impacts on Coastal Inundation in Macau
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Linlin , Zhao Kuifeng , Wang Peitao , Wang Dong , Sou In Mei , Yang Zhengtong , Hu Jie , Tang Xiaochun , Mok Kai Meng , Liu Philip Li‐Fan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTyphoons Hato (2017) and Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) struck the Pearl River Delta, China, in two consecutive years, causing intense flooding and severe damage along the coast, especially in Macau. These two typhoons are extreme events because of their record‐breaking storm tides, and they are typical typhoons in terms of their track forward directions, which affect the coast of Guangdong Province, China. This paper analyzes and compares the physical processes of these two major typhoons. We first report the results of our posttyphoon surveys in Macau and the constructed inundation maps for both typhoon events. The inundation maps in conjunction with measured wind, atmospheric pressure, and wave data are used to validate a package of numerical models that simulate fully coupled tide‐surge‐wave fields during a typhoon. We quantify storm surges and wave heights in the Pearl River Delta. The surge around Macau was mainly affected by wind, while atmosphere pressure and ocean waves played a secondary role. In additional to inundation depth, we also investigate inundation durations and flow velocities. Typhoon Mangkhut made its landfall at much lower tidal level than that of Typhoon Hato. However, Typhoon Mangkhut generated much larger storm surge with larger affected areas and significantly longer inundation durations. We attribute the causes mainly to Typhoon Mangkhut's storm size, which was almost three times larger than that of Typhoon Hato.
Time‐Varying Emulator for Short and Long‐Term Analysis of Coastal Flood Hazard Potential
Authors: Anderson D. , Rueda A. , Cagigal L. , Antolinez J. A. A. , Mendez F. J. , Ruggiero P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRising seas coupled with ever increasing coastal populations present the potential for significant social and economic loss in the 21st century. Relatively short records of the full multidimensional space contributing to total water level coastal flooding events (astronomic tides, sea level anomalies, storm surges, wave run‐up, etc.) result in historical observations of only a small fraction of the possible range of conditions that could produce severe flooding. The Time‐varying Emulator for Short‐ and Long‐Term analysis of coastal flood hazard potential is presented here as a methodology capable of producing new iterations of the sea‐state parameters associated with the present‐day Pacific Ocean climate to simulate many synthetic extreme compound events. The emulator utilizes weather typing of fundamental climate drivers (sea surface temperatures, sea level pressures, etc.) to reduce complexity and produces new daily synoptic weather chronologies with an auto‐regressive logistic model accounting for conditional dependencies on the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Madden‐Julian Oscillation, seasonality, and the prior two days of weather progression. Joint probabilities of sea‐state parameters unique to simulated weather patterns are used to create new time series of the hypothetical components contributing to synthetic total water levels (swells from multiple directions coupled with water levels due to wind setup, temperature anomalies, and tides). The Time‐varying Emulator for Short‐ and Long‐Term analysis of coastal flood hazard potential reveals the importance of considering the multivariate nature of extreme coastal flooding, while progressing the ability to incorporate large‐scale climate variability into site specific studies assessing hazards within the context of predicted climate change in the 21st century.
Deoxygenation and Its Controls in a Semienclosed Shelf Ecosystem, Northern Yellow Sea
Authors: Wei Qinsheng , Yao Qingzhen , Wang Baodong , Xue Liang , Fu Mingzhu , Sun Junchuan , Liu Xuehai , Yu Zhigang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeoxygenation is a global problem in open oceans and coastal regions and has led to the expansion of oxygen minimum zones and coastal hypoxia. Here, using time series observations in the northern Yellow Sea, we illustrate the seasonality of deoxygenation and associated mechanisms in this semienclosed shelf ecosystem and explore the linkage of dissolved oxygen (DO) declines with seawater warming and anthropogenic eutrophication. Our results show that the DO concentration displayed a decreasing trend in winter, with rates of ~0.76 and ~0.78 μmol kg−1 yr−1 in the surface and bottom waters, respectively. The rapid decline in DO was also observed in the bottom water in summer, with a decreasing rate of ~1.43 μmol kg−1 yr−1. In winter, when the water column is vertically homogeneous, the near saturation of DO indicates that physical mixing overwhelmed biological activities, and the estimated results and a linear correlation between DO concentration and temperature suggest that ocean warming is the most plausible driver of deoxygenation in this region in winter. In the stratified water column during summer, increased nutrient availability at the surface and consequently enhanced productivity are responsible for the drawdown of DO in the bottom layer, and the stoichiometric pattern between DO and nitrate also suggests a cascading linkage between the exacerbation of eutrophic conditions and bottom deoxygenation. Our results provide strong evidence that a rapid, semienclosed shelf‐scale decline in DO is underway and highlight the necessity of nutrient reduction strategies in the future.
Do Strong Winds Impact Water Mass, Nutrient, and Phytoplankton Distributions in the Ice‐Free Canada Basin in the Fall?
Authors: Nishino Shigeto , Kawaguchi Yusuke , Inoue Jun , Yamamoto‐Kawai Michiyo , Aoyama Michio , Harada Naomi , Kikuchi Takashi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn general, strong wind events can enhance ocean turbulent mixing, followed by episodic nutrient supply to the euphotic zone and phytoplankton blooms. However, it is unclear whether such responses to strong winds occur in the ice‐free Canada Basin, where the seasonal pycnocline is strong and the nutricline is deep. In the present study, we monitored a fixed‐point observation (FPO) station in the Canada Basin for about 3 weeks in the fall of 2014 to examine the oceanic and biological responses to strong winds. At the FPO site, oceanic microstructure measurements, hydrographic surveys, and water sampling were performed with high temporal resolution, recording internal wave propagation, eddy passage, and water mass changes. Strong winds and internal wave propagation significantly enhanced the mixing above and at the seasonal pycnocline, but their effects were diminished at the nutricline, which was much deeper than the seasonal pycnocline. Therefore, wind‐induced mixing did not increase the upward nutrient supply from the nutricline and did not impact phytoplankton (chlorophyll a) distribution in the surface layer of the FPO site. The temporal evolution of the chlorophyll a concentration was most closely related to water mass changes. We also observed prominent subsurface chlorophyll a maxima with abundant large‐sized phytoplankton that were likely carried by warm‐core eddies to the FPO site. Phytoplankton biomass may have been sustained by the high concentration of ammonium within the eddy and ammonium regeneration at the seasonal pycnocline, where particulate organic matter likely accumulated.
Climate Forcing and Trends of Organic Aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)
Authors: Tilmes S. , Hodzic A. , Emmons L. K. , Mills M. J. , Gettelman A. , Kinnison D. E. , Park M. , Lamarque J.‐F. , Vitt F. , Shrivastava M. , Campuzano‐Jost P. , Jimenez J. L. , Liu X. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) includes three main atmospheric configurations: the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) with simplified chemistry and a simplified organic aerosol (OA) scheme, CAM6 with comprehensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry representation (CAM6‐chem), and the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (WACCM6). Both, CAM6‐chem and WACCM6 include a more comprehensive secondary organic aerosols (SOA) approach using the Volatility Basis Set (VBS) scheme and prognostic stratospheric aerosols. This paper describes the different OA schemes available in the different atmospheric configurations of CESM2 and discusses differences in aerosol burden and resulting climate forcings. Derived OA burden and trends differ due to differences in OA formation using the different approaches. Regional differences in Aerosol Optical Depth with larger values using the comprehensive approach occur over SOA source regions. Stronger increasing SOA trends between 1960 and 2015 in WACCM6 compared to CAM6 are due to increasing biogenic emissions aligned with increasing surface temperatures. Using the comprehensive SOA approach further leads to improved comparisons to aircraft observations and SOA formation of ≈143 Tg/yr. We further use WACCM6 to identify source contributions of OA from biogenic, fossil fuel, and biomass burning emissions, to quantify SOA amounts and trends from these sources. Increasing SOA trends between 1960 and 2015 are the result of increasing biogenic emissions aligned with increasing surface temperatures. Biogenic emissions are at least two thirds of the total SOA burden. In addition, SOA source contributions from fossil fuel emissions become more important, with largest values over Southeast Asia. The estimated total anthropogenic forcing of OA in WACCM6 for 1995–2010 conditions is −0.43 W/m2, mostly from the aerosol direct effect.
Reconstructing 800 Years of Carbonate Ion Concentration in the Cariaco Basin Using the Area Density of Planktonic Foraminifera Shells
Authors: Davis A. N. , Davis C. V. , Thunell R. C. , Osborne E. B. , Black D. E. , Benitez‐Nelson C. R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnthropogenically mediated ocean acidification (OA) has negative impacts on many marine organisms, especially calcifiers. However, systematic measurements of OA have only been made over the past four decades. In order to improve future predictions and understand how ongoing OA compares to natural variability on longer timescales, it is critical to extend records beyond observational time series. In the Cariaco Basin, located in the tropical Atlantic, near‐surface dissolved inorganic carbon reflects atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2) since the Industrial Revolution, making it an ideal site for examining longer‐term variability. We extend the record of Cariaco Basin near‐surface [CO32−] back to 1240 CE, using the area density (shell weight (μg)/shell area (μm2)) of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (pink). Multidecadal variability is observed throughout the record. Since the Industrial Revolution (1760–2007 CE), [CO32−] has declined by 0.22 μmol kg−1 year−1, in agreement with the magnitude and direction of change captured in the shorter instrumental time series. During the Little Ice Age (1500–1760 CE), a period marked by regional drought, substantial variability but no long‐term trend is observed, while a decrease in [CO32−] of 0.11 μmol kg−1 y−1 occurs at the end of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) (1240 – 1500 CE). Both the MCA and Little Ice Age contain substantial natural variability in near surface [CO32−] that we attribute to changes in regional upwelling and atmospheric CO2. However, the decline in [CO32−] occurring in the Post‐Industrial Period is anomalous against a backdrop of 800 years of natural variability, reflecting OA associated with anthropogenic increases in atmospheric CO2.
Development of a 3‐D Plasmapause Model With a Back‐Propagation Neural Network
Authors: Zheng Zhi‐Qi , Lei Jiuhou , Yue Xinan , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , He Fei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeveral empirical models have been previously developed to study the characteristics of the global plasmasphere. A three‐dimensional solar wind‐driven global dynamic plasmapause model was developed in this study using a back‐propagation neural network based on multisatellite measurements. Our database contains 37,859 plasmapause crossing events from 4 January 1995 to 31 December 2015 covering all 24 magnetic local times (MLTs) from66° to 79° magnetic latitudes. This model is parameterized by solar wind speed, interplanetary magnetic field, SYM‐H, andindices with smooth MLTs and latitude dependence. As the first 3‐D empirical model, this model corresponds to the true plasmapause structure and is useful for observing space weather and other applications especially for predicting the shape of the plasmapause by forecasting the input parameters. Moreover, the proposed model is not only highly sensitive to these parameters, but also to their changes over days, seasons, and years; this means that the diurnal, seasonal, and annual variations of the parameters can be captured by the model. Therefore, this model can provide a more accurate plasmapause position compared with previous models and can also be used as a basic reference to develop other models such as a global plasmaspheric density model.
PPP2R2A prostate cancer haploinsufficiency is associated with worse prognosis and a high vulnerability to B55α/PP2A reconstitution that triggers centrosome destabilization
Authors: Zhao Ziran , Kurimchak Alison , Nikonova Anna S. , Feiser Felicity , Wasserman Jason S. , Fowle Holly , Varughese Tinsa , Connors Megan , Johnson Katherine , Makhov Petr , Lindskog Cecilia , Kolenko Vladimir M. , Golemis Erica A. , Duncan James S. , Graña Xavier 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe PPP2R2A gene encodes the B55α regulatory subunit of PP2A. Here, we report that PPP2R2A is hemizygously lost in ~42% of prostate adenocarcinomas, correlating with reduced expression, poorer prognosis, and an increased incidence of hemizygous loss (>75%) in metastatic disease. Of note, PPP2R2A homozygous loss is less common (5%) and not increased at later tumor stages. Reduced expression of B55α is also seen in prostate tumor tissue and cell lines. Consistent with the possibility that complete loss of PPP2R2A is detrimental in prostate tumors, PPP2R2A deletion in cells with reduced but present B55α reduces cell proliferation by slowing progression through the cell cycle. Remarkably, B55α-low cells also appear addicted to lower B55α expression, as even moderate increases in B55α expression are toxic. Reconstitution of B55α expression in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines with low B55α expression reduces proliferation, inhibits transformation and blocks xenograft tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, we show B55α reconstitution reduces phosphorylation of proteins essential for centrosomal maintenance, and induces centrosome collapse and chromosome segregation failure; a first reported link between B55α/PP2A and the vertebrate centrosome. These effects are dependent on a prolonged metaphase/anaphase checkpoint and are lethal to PCa cells addicted to low levels of B55α. Thus, we propose the reduction in B55α levels associated with hemizygous loss is necessary for centrosomal integrity in PCa cells, leading to selective lethality of B55α reconstitution. Such a vulnerability could be targeted therapeutically in the large pool of patients with hemizygous PPP2R2A deletions, using pharmacologic approaches that enhance PP2A/B55α activity.
Sec62 promotes early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma through activating integrinα/CAV1 signalling
Authors: Du Juan , Zhao Zhihao , Zhao Hetong , Liu Dong , Liu Hui , Chen Jun , Cheng Binbin , Zhai Xiaofeng , Yin Zifei , Zhang Yani , Ling Changquan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPostsurgical recurrence within 2 years is the major cause of poor survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the molecular mechanism underlying HCC recurrence remains unclear. Here, we distinguish the function and mechanism of Sec62 in promoting HCC recurrence. The correlation between Sec62 and early recurrence was demonstrated in 60 HCC samples from a prospective study. HCC cells with Sec62 knockdown (Sec62KD) or overexpression (Sec62OE) were used to determine the potential of Sec62 in cell migration in vitro. Microarray analysis comparing Sec62KD or Sec62OE to their control counterparts was used to explore the mechanisms of Sec62-induced recurrence. A luciferase-labelled orthotopic nude mouse model of HCC with Sec62KD or Sec62OE was used to validate the potential of Sec62 in early HCC recurrence in vivo. We found that high expression of Sec62 was positively correlated with surgical recurrence in clinical HCC samples. Multivariate analysis revealed that Sec62 was an independent prognostic factor for early recurrence in postoperative HCC patients. Moreover, Sec62 promoted migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and postsurgical recurrence in vivo. Mechanically, integrinα/CAV1 signalling was identified as one of the targets of Sec62 in cell movement. Overexpression of integrin α partially rescued the Sec62 knockdown-induced inhibition of cell migration. Sec62 is a potentially prognostic factor for early recurrence in postoperative HCC patients and promotes HCC metastasis through integrinα/CAV1 signalling. Sec62 might be an attractive drug target for combating HCC postsurgical recurrence.
Proteomic analysis to define predictors of treatment response to adalimumab or methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors:   MATURA consortium, Ling Stephanie F. , Nair Nisha , Verstappen Suzanne M. M. , Barton Anne , Zucht Hans-Dieter , Budde Petra , Schulz-Knappe Peter , Plant Darren 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeropositivity for anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune arthritis, is associated with worse long-term disease outcomes. ACPA is ubiquitously tested in RA patients, but other autoantibodies exist (in both citrullinated and non-citrullinated form) which may provide additional information on RA subtypes and/or treatment response. We used a multiplex bead-based assay of 376 autoantibodies to test associations between these autoantibodies and treatment response in RA patients. Clusters of patients with similar autoantibody expression were defined and cluster membership was associated with treatment response. Thirty-four autoantibodies were differentially expressed in RA patients compared with healthy controls; citrullinated vimentin was associated with treatment response. A selection of citrullinated autoantibodies was found to be associated with treatment response in a subanalysis of ACPA-negative RA patients. Finer ACPA specificities in ACPA-negative RA patients may be predictive of treatment response and could represent a rich vein of future study.
Inactivation of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 promotes proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by iron retention
Authors: Li Bo , Liao Zhipeng , Mo Yingxi , Zhao Weilin , Zhou Xiaohui , Xiao Xiling , Cui Wanmeng , Feng Guofei , Zhong Suhua , Liang Yushan , Du Chunping , Huang Guangwu , Li Ping , Xiao Xue , Zhou Xiaoying , Wang Rensheng , Zhang Zhe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 (BDH2) is known to catalyse a rate-limiting step in the biogenesis of the mammalian siderophore and regulate intracellular iron metabolism. Here we aim to explore the expression and possible function of BDH2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods
The transcription and protein expression of BDH2 in NPC were determined by both real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining assays. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by MTT assay, wound-healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The profile of genes regulated by restoring BDH2 expression in NPC cells was analysed by cDNA microarray. The level of iron in NPC cells was detected by iron colorimetric assay.

Results
The expression of BDH2 was significantly downregulated in NPC. Ectopic expression of BDH2 inhibited NPC cell proliferation and colony formation. Meanwhile, BDH2 suppressed the migration and invasion of NPC cells by reversing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, a higher level of BDH2 decreased the growth and metastasis of NPC cells via reducing intracellular iron level.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that BDH2 may be a candidate tumour-suppressor gene in NPC. Decreasing intracellular iron could be an effective therapeutic approach for NPC.
MFN1-dependent alteration of mitochondrial dynamics drives hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by glucose metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Zhang Ze , Li Tian-En , Chen Mo , Xu Da , Zhu Ying , Hu Bei-Yuan , Lin Zhi-Fei , Pan Jun-Jie , Wang Xuan , Wu Chao , Zheng Yan , Lu Lu , Jia Hu-Liang , Gao Song , Dong Qiong-Zhu , Qin Lun-Xiu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Mitochondrial dynamics plays an important role in tumour progression. However, how these dynamics integrate tumour metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis is still unclear.

Methods
The mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin-1 (MFN1) expression and its prognostic value are detected in HCC. The effects and underlying mechanisms of MFN1 on HCC metastasis and metabolic reprogramming are analysed both in vitro and in vivo.

Results
Mitochondrial dynamics, represented by constant fission and fusion, are found to be associated with HCC metastasis. High metastatic HCC displays excessive mitochondrial fission. Among genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics, MFN1 is identified as a leading downregulated candidate that is closely associated with HCC metastasis and poor prognosis. While promoting mitochondrial fusion, MFN1 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration capacity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, disruption of mitochondrial dynamics by depletion of MFN1 triggers the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC. Moreover, MFN1 modulates HCC metastasis by metabolic shift from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Treatment with glycolytic inhibitor 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) significantly suppresses the effects induced by depletion of MFN1.

Conclusions
Our results reveal a critical involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in HCC metastasis via modulating glucose metabolic reprogramming. MFN1 may serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for HCC.