bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural analysis of different skeletal cell types in mucopolysaccharidosis dogs at the onset of postnatal growth
Authors: Jiang Zhirui , Lau Yian Khai , Wu Meilun , Casal Margret L. , Smith Lachlan J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a family of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by deficient activity of enzymes that degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Abnormal development of the vertebrae and long bones is a hallmark of skeletal disease in several MPS subtypes; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to conduct an ultrastructural examination of how lysosomal storage differentially affects major skeletal cell types in MPS I and VII using naturally occurring canine disease models. We showed that both bone and cartilage cells from MPS I and VII dog vertebrae exhibit significantly elevated storage from early in postnatal life, with storage generally greater in MPS VII than MPS I. Storage was most striking for vertebral osteocytes, occupying more than forty percent of cell area. Secondary to storage, dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a marker of ER stress, was observed most markedly in MPS I epiphyseal chondrocytes. Significantly elevated immunostaining of light chain 3B (LC3B) in MPS VII epiphyseal chondrocytes suggested impaired autophagy, while significantly elevated apoptotic cell death in both MPS I and VII chondrocytes was also evident. The results of this study provide insights into how lysosomal storage differentially effects major skeletal cell types in MPS I and VII, and suggests a potential relationship between storage, ER stress, autophagy, and cell death in the pathogenesis of MPS skeletal defects.
Inhibition of microRNA‐149 protects against recurrent miscarriage through upregulating RUNX2 and activation of the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Peng , Chen Xu , Chang Ying , Wang Yanping , Xu Xinran , Guo Yuling , Cui Hongyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimRecently, microRNA‐149 (miR‐149) has been indicated to act as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor in various malignant tumors, while its inner mechanisms in recurrent miscarriage (RM) are still in infancy. Therein, this study intends to decode the mechanism of miR‐149 in RM.MethodsmiR‐149 and RUNX2 expression in the chorionic tissues of normal pregnant women and RM patients were first examined, and the correlation between miR‐149 and RUNX2 was analyzed. Subsequently, miR‐149 was upregulated in HTR‐8 cells or downregulated in BEWO cells, and then the changes in biological functions of trophoblasts in RM were detected. Furthermore, the expression of PTEN/Akt signaling pathway‐related factors in trophoblasts was detected by western blot analysis.ResultsmiR‐149 expression was increased while RUNX2 expression was suppressed in RM patients, and miR‐149 was negatively correlated with RUNX2. Overexpressed miR‐149 induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell activity, while reduced miR‐149 in trophoblasts contributed to opposite experimental results. Moreover, miR‐149 promoted the expression of PTEN and inhibited Akt phosphorylation by targeting RUNX2, thereby inhibiting trophoblast activity and promoting their apoptosis.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that miR‐149 knockdown halted the RM development through upregulating RUNX2 and activation of the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway.
Statistical profiling of oral cancer and the prediction of outcome
Authors: Wang Weilan , Adeoye John , Thomson Peter , Choi Siu‐Wai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe global burden of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains formidable. Identifying factors predictive of aggressive tumour behaviour, disease progression and reduced survival time may assist in early identification of “high‐risk” patients and appropriately target combination cancer therapies.MethodsA retrospective review of 467 OSCC patients treated over a 19‐year period facilitated detailed clinico‐pathological database analysis and determination of clinical outcome categories based upon time to progressive disease (loco‐regional tumour recurrence and/or distant metastasis), overall death and OSCC‐related death (death directly attributable to OSCC). Odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) statistical measures were used to investigate relationships between patient demographics and clinico‐pathological tumour features with clinical outcome.ResultsOlder age at presentation (P = .002) and a history of previous non–head and neck cancer (P = .010) increased the risk of overall death. OR for progressive disease development (P = .008) and OSCC‐related death (P = .019) was most significant for buccal tumours. HR confirmed advanced‐stage disease increased the risk of progressive disease (P < .001), overall death (P < .001) and OSCC‐related death (P < .001). Positive resection margins were associated with a higher risk of OSCC‐related death (P = .023). Significantly lower risks of progressive disease development (P = .002) and OSCC‐related death (P = .012) were seen in patients undergoing neck dissection, whilst combination chemoradiotherapy reduced HR for overall death (P < .001) and OSCC‐related death (P = .011).ConclusionStatistical profiling of OSCC clinico‐pathological data identifies significant influences on clinical outcome. This study adds evidence to the hypothesis that buccal SCC displays aggressive tumour behaviour and poor clinical outcome.
The effect of a progressive taxation scheme on the endogenous formation of jurisdictions
Authors: Oddou Remy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effect of a progressive taxation scheme on the segregative properties of the endogenous formation of jurisdictions. Households living in the same place form a jurisdiction which aims to produce a local public good and implement a redistribution policy by granting every household a demogrant of an amount determined by the jurisdiction. In every jurisdiction, production of local public services and the demogrant are financed with a local tax based upon the households wealth. Local wealth tax rates and the level of the demogrant are exogenously determined in every jurisdiction. Households are free to leave their jurisdiction for another jurisdiction that would provide them with their highest utility. We found that the existence of a demogrant seems to mitigate the segregative properties of endogenous jurisdiction formation, because the condition identified by Gravel and Thoron to ensure segregation of any stable jurisdiction structure remains necessary, but is no longer sufficient.
Criminal mobility, fugitives, and extradition rules
Authors: Crinó Rosario , Immordino Giovanni , Piccolo Salvatore 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo countries set their enforcement noncooperatively to deter native and foreign individuals from committing a crime in their territory. Crime is mobile, ex ante (migration) and ex post (fleeing), and criminals hiding abroad after committing a crime in a country must be extradited. When extradition is not too costly, countries overinvest in enforcement: insourcing foreign criminals is more costly than paying the extradition cost. When extradition is sufficiently costly, instead, significant enforcement may induce criminals to flee the country whose law they infringed on. The fear of paying the extradition cost enables the countries to coordinate on the efficient outcome.
Altitude‐related shift of relative abundance from insect to sunbird pollination in Elaeagnus umbellata (Elaeagnaceae)
Authors: Pi Hua‐Qiang , Quan Qiu‐Mei , Wu Bo , Lv Xiao‐Wen , Shen Li‐Min , Huang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe evolution of floral traits has been thought to be influenced by local, effective pollinators. However, little attention has been paid to the possibility that altitudinal variation in floral traits could be mediated by local pollinator functional groups, particularly a shift from bees to birds. Plant size, floral traits, pollinators and their pollination roles were investigated in the spring‐flowering shrub Elaeagnus umbellata (Elaeagnaceae) at three altitudes (1160, 1676, and 2050 m) in Minshan, Sichuan Province, on the northern rim of the Hengduan Mountains, southwest China. Compared to lower altitudes, higher‐altitude plants were smaller but the floral tubes were longer, with a larger volume of nectar of lower sugar concentration but with a greater proportion of sucrose. The visitation frequency of bees decreased with altitude, whereas the sunbirds did the opposite. Birds and bees foraged for nectar but not pollen, and birds deposited more pollen grains per visit relative to bees and least were syrphid flies. Excluding birds decreased seed set at high but not at mid‐ or low altitude. Our study of E. umbellata revealed an association between altitudinal variation in floral traits and a change in the relative abundance of the major pollinators with altitude from majority bees to majority sunbirds. Although abiotic factors also tend to vary with altitude and can affect floral traits, nectar properties of “pro‐bird” pollination were observed at high altitude.
Fossil fruits of Illigera (Hernandiaceae) from the Eocene of central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Teng‐Xiang , Del Rio Cédric , Manchester Steven R. , Liu Jia , Wu Fei‐Xiang , Deng Wei‐Yu‐Dong , Su Tao , Zhou Zhe‐Kun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIlligera (Hernandiaceae) is a liana genus distributed mainly in the tropical Asia and Africa. Previous fossil records suggested that Illigera was restricted in western North America during the Eocene. Recent paleobotanical investigation has unveiled a Paleogene flora that is totally different from today's vegetation in central Tibet. This provides novel insights into the paleoenvironmental change during the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Here, we investigated 10 fruit impressions of Illigera from the early middle Eocene Niubao Formation in the Bangor Basin, central TP. The fossil winged fruits are characterized by their eroded fruit wings, well preserved fusiform locular areas with a median ridge bisecting the fruit, and short veins fanning radially outward. These features allow us to assign these fossils to Illigera eocenica, a species originally discovered in the Eocene of western North America. This is the second fossil occurrence of Illigera worldwide, and the first in Asia. Our finding suggests a warm and humid climate in the central TP during the early middle Eocene, and a close floristic link between Asia and North America during the Paleogene. We also propose a Northern Hemisphere origin and a Paleogene dispersal event from Northern Hemisphere to Africa for Illigera.
Allopregnanolone and perampanel as adjuncts to midazolam for treating diisopropylfluorophosphate‐induced status epilepticus in rats
Authors: Dhir Ashish , Bruun Donald A. , Guignet Michelle , Tsai Yi‐Hua , González Eduardo , Calsbeek Jonas , Vu Joan , Saito Naomi , Tancredi Daniel J. , Harvey Danielle J. , Lein Pamela J. , Rogawski Michael A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCombinations of midazolam, allopregnanolone, and perampanel were assessed for antiseizure activity in a rat diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) status epilepticus model. Animals receiving DFP followed by atropine and pralidoxime exhibited continuous high‐amplitude rhythmical electroencephalography (EEG) spike activity and behavioral seizures for more than 5 hours. Treatments were administered intramuscularly 40 min after DFP. Seizures persisted following midazolam (1.8 mg/kg). The combination of midazolam with either allopregnanolone (6 mg/kg) or perampanel (2 mg/kg) terminated EEG and behavioral status epilepticus, but the onset of the perampanel effect was slow. The combination of midazolam, allopregnanolone, and perampanel caused rapid and complete suppression of EEG and behavioral seizures. In the absence of DFP, animals treated with the three‐drug combination were sedated but not anesthetized. Animals that received midazolam alone exhibited spontaneous recurrent EEG seizures, whereas those that received the three‐drug combination did not, demonstrating antiepileptogenic activity. All combination treatments reduced neurodegeneration as assessed with Fluoro‐Jade C staining to a greater extent than midazolam alone, and most reduced astrogliosis as assessed by GFAP immunoreactivity but had mixed effects on markers of microglial activation. We conclude that allopregnanolone, a positive modulator of the GABAA receptor, and perampanel, an AMPA receptor antagonist, are potential adjuncts to midazolam in the treatment of benzodiazepine‐refractory organophosphate nerve agent–induced status epilepticus.
Deciphering transcriptional regulators of banana fruit ripening by regulatory network analysis
Authors: Kuang Jian‐Fei , Wu Chao‐Jie , Guo Yu‐Fan , Walther Dirk , Shan Wei , Chen Jian‐Ye , Chen Lin , Lu Wang‐Jin 
Published: September 2020

SummaryFruit ripening is a critical phase in the production and marketing of fruits. Previous studies have indicated that fruit ripening is a highly coordinated process, mainly regulated at the transcriptional level, in which transcription factors play essential roles. Thus, identifying key transcription factors regulating fruit ripening as well as their associated regulatory networks promises to contribute to a better understanding of fruit ripening. In this study, temporal gene expression analyses were performed to investigate banana fruit ripening with the aim to discern the global architecture of gene regulatory networks underlying fruit ripening. Eight time points were profiled covering dynamic changes of phenotypes, the associated physiology and levels of known ripening marker genes. Combining results from a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) as well as cis‐motif analysis and supported by EMSA, Y1H, tobacco‐, banana‐transactivation experimental results, the regulatory network of banana fruit ripening was constructed, from which 25 transcription factors were identified as prime candidates to regulate the ripening process by modulating different ripening‐related pathways. Our study presents the first global view of the gene regulatory network involved in banana fruit ripening, which may provide the basis for a targeted manipulation of fruit ripening to attain higher banana and loss‐reduced banana commercialization.
Mining twitter to explore the emergence of COVID‐19 symptoms
Authors: Guo Jia‐Wen , Radloff Christina L. , Wawrzynski Sarah E. , Cloyes Kristin G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in United States initially alerted the public to three COVID‐19 signs and symptoms—fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. Concurrent social media posts reflected a wider range of symptoms of COVID‐19 besides these three symptoms. Because social media data have a potential application in the early identification novel virus symptoms, this study aimed to explore what symptoms mentioned in COVID‐19‐related social media posts during the early stages of the pandemic.MethodsWe collected COVID‐19‐related Twitter tweets posted in English language between March 30, 2020 and April 19, 2020 using search terms of COVID‐19 synonyms and three common COVID‐19 symptoms suggested by the CDC in March. Only unique tweets were extracted for analysis of symptom terms.ResultsA total of 36 symptoms were extracted from 30,732 unique tweets. All the symptoms suggested by the CDC for COVID‐19 screening in March, April, and May were mentioned in tweets posted during the early stages of the pandemic.DiscussionThe findings of this study revealed that many COVID‐19‐related symptoms mentioned in Twitter tweets earlier than the announcement by the CDC. Monitoring social media data is a promising approach to public health surveillance.
Empowerment and intimate partner violence: Domestic abuse when household income is uncertain
Authors: Bulte Erwin , Lensink Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntimate partner violence is an important global health problem that remains ill understood. Several studies have documented that female empowerment may increase violence against women—the so‐called “male backlash.” We propose a utilitarian explanation for this phenomenon, based on the assumption that violence may be used as an instrument to affect the distribution of the household surplus between the spouses. Our main result is that promoting norms of gender equity (or otherwise enhancing the prospects of divorced women) may inadvertently promote violence against women in settings where production outcomes are uncertain.
Democracy in the neighborhood and foreign direct investment
Authors: Pinar Mehmet , Stengos Thanasis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) have been extensively studied. Even though there is extensive research in the area, most of it is based on analyzing the effects of host country characteristics on FDI flows, and yet there is little research on how neighboring country characteristics play a role in facilitating FDI flows to host countries. This paper analyzes the association between the democracy level in neighboring countries and FDI flows to host countries. Using bilateral FDI flows from the OECD countries, with a large host country sample, we find that countries surrounded by democratic countries attract higher FDI flows. Furthermore, we find evidence that countries that are surrounded by neighboring countries with good institutions tend themselves to have better institutions, experience lower civil conflict, and have higher political stability and hence indirectly attract higher FDI flows. Our findings suggest that if neighboring countries act in such way as to become more democratic, FDI flows to these countries would be higher since not only does improving the quality of democracy attract more FDI inflows, but also being surrounded by neighboring advanced democratic countries will also lead to higher FDI flows to them.
Malnutrition in the shadow of economic growth
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Marjit Sugata , Oladi Reza , Yang Lei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe formulate the consumption and wealth accumulation behavior for low‐income agents who are concerned with their relative income with respect to a reference group. Using a dynamic consumption and saving model, we show the conditions under which low‐income and status‐seeking individuals accumulate more wealth and consume less of a nutritious good than the levels in the absence of status‐seeking behavior. Our results suggest that malnutrition and economic growth may go hand in hand in developing economies.
Coach Development: Practical Recommendations for Interscholastic Sport
Authors: Van Mullem Pete , Mathias Kirk 
Published: September 2020

In the United States, interscholastic sport coach development occurs at the national, regional, and local levels, through higher education institutions, coaching associations, governing bodies of sport, and coach developers. Although each coach development pathway employs similar instructional methods, delivery formats, and often seeks the same outcome (i.e., certification or degree), each is unique in how they educate interscholastic coaches. Research studies on coach development have examined how interscholastic coaches learn, what they need to know, and what they need to know how to do. Furthermore, research studies in sport coaching have examined the role of a coach developer in facilitating, mentoring, and guiding coach development activities. Therefore, guided by the literature on coach development, the role of the interscholastic sport administrator as a coach developer, and insight gleaned from an exploratory descriptive study on interscholastic sport coaches, this best practices paper offers three steps the interscholastic sport administrator can implement in practice to provide ongoing coach development.
Postmortems on diagnostic testing start-ups: reports of commercial successes and failures and the case of the Zombie life science company
Authors: Peabody John , Burgon Trever , Paculdo David , Ouenes Othman , de Belen Enrico , Richey Mike , Thayer Richard M , Urdea Mickey 
Published: September 2020

Background
From 2014 to 2017, more than 1000 diagnostic companies were launched, securing more than US$10 billion in investment.

Methods
We performed an in-depth exploration of 28 diagnostic companies to differentiate successful and failed startups, plus a third ‘Zombie’ state where companies have achieved financial solvency but without long-term viability.

Results
From these data, we created a five-phase, 13-item framework indicating the corporate health of a diagnostic company as it progresses from conception to commercialisation. We found 6 successful companies, 14 failures and 8 Zombies. On a scale of 0–26 points (two points per item), successful companies averaged 24.5 points (range 22–26), failures averaged 4.5 (range 0–16) and Zombies averaged 12.3 (range 3–23) (p<0.001). To determine if there was any predictivity to this framework, we looked at only the first two phases (concept and feasibility/planning) of progress and found a distinct gradient in success potential based solely on these first two phases.

Conclusion
Our five-phase framework generated a score that could predict diagnostic companies more likely to successfully and sustainably enter the market from those more likely to fail.
Delineating the key virulence factors and intraspecies divergence of Vibrio harveyi via whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Fu Songzhe , Ni Ping , Yang Qian , Hu Huizhi , Wang Qingyao , Ye Shigen , Liu Ying 
Published: September 2020

Vibrio harveyi is one of the major pathogens in aquaculture. To identify the key virulence factors affecting pathogenesis of V. harveyi towards fish, we conducted a field investigation for three representative fish farms infected with V. harveyi. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome sequencing were conducted to delineate the phylogenetic relationship and genetic divergence of V. harveyi. A total of 25 V. harveyi strains were isolated from the diseased fish and groundwater and were subtyped into 12 sequence types by MLST. Five virulence genes, mshB, pilA, hutR, ureB, and ureG, were variably presented in the sequenced strains. The virulence gene profiles strongly correlated with the distinct pathogenicity of V. harveyi strains, with a strain harboring all five genes exhibiting the highest virulence towards fish. Phenotype assay confirmed that reduced virulence correlated with decreased motility and biofilm formation ability. Additionally, three types of type VI secretion system, namely T6SS1, T6SS2, and T6SS3, were identified in V. harveyi strains, which can be classified into six, four, and 12 subtypes, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that the virulence level of V. harveyi is mainly determined by the above virulence genes, which may play vital roles in environmental adaptation for V. harveyi.
The shadow of M87∗ black hole within rational nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Kruglov S. I. 
Published: September 2020

We consider rational nonlinear electrodynamics with the Lagrangian [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is the Lorentz invariant), proposed in Ref. 63, coupled to General Relativity. The effective geometry induced by nonlinear electrodynamics corrections are found. We determine shadow’s size of regular non-rotating magnetic black holes and compare them with the shadow size of the super-massive M87[Formula: see text] black hole imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration. Assuming that the black hole mass has a pure electromagnetic nature, we obtain the black hole magnetic charge. The size of the shadow obtained is very close to the shadow size of non-regular neutral Schwarzschild black holes. As a result, we can interpret the super-massive M87[Formula: see text] black hole as a regular (without singularities) magnetized black hole.