bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The attempted predation of a sand goanna (Varanus gouldii) by a juvenile red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Authors: Brown Amber , Wooster Eamonn , Norval Gerrut , Gardner Michael G. , Ueland Maiken 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPredation is a dynamic process that is directly influenced by resource availability (e.g. prey types), and the health and welfare conditions of the predator (e.g. body condition, health status). When these conditions are altered, predators may need to adapt new modes of predation for survival. On 26 October 2019, a mid‐day attempted predation event occurred between a juvenile fox and a subadult sand goanna. This event occurred in an area that has been subject to long‐term drought conditions with significant vegetation die‐off, which may have influenced the availability of preferred small mammal prey. Additionally, this event occurred in broad daylight, which may be considered risk‐taking behaviour for the juvenile fox. Supporting this, the fox was in poor body condition (e.g. underweight with sarcoptic mange). Until this recording, no direct evidence has been reported regarding the predator/prey relationship between the two species. This observation supports that foxes may adopt prey‐switching behaviour under certain environmental and health conditions. As drought conditions continue to fluctuate in Australia, it is important that the full scope of fox predatory behaviour is well understood for the future management of Australian ecosystems.
Door Locks, Wall Stickers, Fireplaces: Assemblage Theory and Home (Un)Making in Lewisham’s Temporary Accommodation
Authors: Harris Ella , Brickell Katherine , Nowicki Mel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper explores resident experiences of life in PLACE/Ladywell, a “pop‐up” social housing scheme in London providing temporary accommodation for homeless families. Specifically, we consider barriers to, and assertions of, homemaking in this temporary setting through fixtures and fittings—a door lock, wall stickers, and a fireplace. The paper utilises assemblage thinking to understand homemaking within these time‐limited and constrained circumstances. Despite their seeming banality, fixtures and fittings offer a material, politicised, and lively means of studying the attempted and thwarted production of home by residents living in PLACE/Ladywell. The absence of door locks reduces parents’ ability to maintain privacy and intimate relations; restrictions on hanging pictures and other decorative measures are circumvented by the use of wall stickers; and a defiant decorative fireplace establishes a sense of home in a temporary setting. Together, these objects constitute vital elements in negotiations between fixity and impermanence in temporary accommodation.
Thyroid cancer metastasis is associated with an overabundance of defective follicular helper T cells
Authors: Qian Guangfang , Wu Min , Zhao Yuanyuan , Li Qing , Zhang Mimi , Cai Chen , Tong Danian 
Published: June 2020

Metastatic thyroid cancers are more difficult to treat and have a significantly worse prognosis than localized thyroid cancers. Previous studies have shown that follicular helper T cells (Tfh) may participate in antitumor immune responses. Here, we investigated the characteristics of Tfh cells in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) at various severities, including patients with localized disease, cervical metastasis, and distant metastasis. In circulating CD4 T cells, the proportion of CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh‐like cells was significantly higher in patients with distant metastasis than in healthy controls, patients with local disease, and patients with cervical metastasis. Also, the expression of Tfh cell‐associated surface molecules, such as PD‐1, ICOS, and BTLA, tended to be higher in patients with cervical and distant metastasis than in healthy controls. However, the expression of secreted molecules, such as IL‐10, IL‐21, and CXCL13, was significantly lower in patients with distant metastasis than in healthy controls and patients with local disease. Additionally, circulating Tfh‐like cells from patients with distant metastasis were less capable of supporting B‐cell growth and IgM secretion. We also examined the CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh‐like cells in tumor samples. Tumor‐infiltrating Tfh‐like cells were highly enriched in the pulmonary metastasis compared to the local tumor and the cervical metastasis. However, tumor‐infiltrating Tfh‐like cells from pulmonary metastasis displayed higher PD‐1, TIM‐3, and lower IL‐21 expression than those from the local tumor. Together, this study identified that the metastasis of DTC patients was associated with an overabundance of defective Tfh cells.
Performance analysis of high‐throughput HPV testing on three automated workflows
Authors: Loonen Anne J. M. , Huijsmans Cornelis J. J. , Geurts‐Giele Willemina R. R. , Leeijen Cindy , van der Linden Johannes C. , van den Brule Adriaan J. C. 
Published: June 2020

Primary high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA testing has been introduced in several countries worldwide, including The Netherlands. The objective of this study was to compare three automated workflow procedures for hrHPV testing of which the hrHPV detection assays meet the international guidelines for HPV testing. To mimic a realistic screening situation, we aimed to process 15 000 residual PreservCyt cervical samples in a period of 3 months. During a 3 months period, four technicians were involved in processing 5000 specimens per month on three automated platforms, (1) Qiagen Digene® HC2 HPV DNA test (HC2, signal amplification); (2) Roche Cobas® HPV test (DNA amplification), and (3) Hologic Aptima® HPV test (RNA amplification). We measured and scored general aspects (time‐to‐results, hands‐on‐time (HOT)), maintenance, pre‐run, run and post‐run aspects, inventory (orders, storage), and number of errors on a scale from 1 to 10. As determined for one complete workflow each, maximum processing capacity and HOT were 296 samples and 2 h:55 m, 282 samples and 3 h:20 m, and 264 samples and 4 h:15 m for Aptima, Cobas, and HC2, respectively. The mean throughput time per run was 5 h:51 m for Cobas in which 94 samples could be processed. For Aptima, the mean throughput time per run was 6 h:30 m for 60 samples. Mean throughput time for HC2 is longer since results were provided on day 2. In this study, the fully automated Aptima workflow scores best with a 7.2, followed by Cobas with a score of 7.1 and HC2 with a score of 5.8. Although all HPV tests used in this comparison meet the international test guidelines, the performance (workflow) characteristics of the assays vary widely. A specific choice of a laboratory for high‐throughput testing can be different based on the laboratory's demands, but also hands‐on‐time, time‐to‐results/ # samples, maintenance, pre‐run, run and post‐run parameters, consumables, technical support, and number of errors are important operational factors for the selection of a fully automated workflow for hrHPV testing.
Review article: FODMAPS, prebiotics and gut health‐the FODMAP hypothesis revisited
Authors: Gibson Peter R. , Halmos Emma P. , Muir Jane G. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundRestriction of dietary FODMAP intake can alleviate symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Because many FODMAPs have prebiotic actions, there is concern that their dietary restriction leads to dysbiosis with health consequences, and their intake is being encouraged by addition to foods and via supplements.AimsTo examine the hazards and benefits of high and low FODMAP intake.MethodsCurrent literature was reviewed and alternative hypotheses formulated.ResultsLow FODMAP intake reduces abundance of faecal Bifidobacteria without known adverse outcomes and has no effect on diversity, but the reduction in bacterial density may potentially be beneficial to gut health. Supplementary prebiotics can markedly elevate the intake of FODMAPs over levels consumed in the background diet. While this increases the abundance of Bifidobacteria, it adversely affects gut health in animal studies by inducing colonic mucosal barrier dysfunction, mucosal inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity. Rapid colonic fermentation is central to the identified mechanisms that include injury from high luminal concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids and low pH, and inflammatory effects of increased endotoxin load and glycation of macromolecules. Whether these observations translate into humans requires further study. Opposing hypotheses are presented whereby excessive intake of FODMAPs might have health benefits via prebiotic effects, but might also be injurious and contribute to the apparent increase in functional intestinal disorders.ConclusionsReduced FODMAP intake has few deleterious effects on gut microbiota. Consequences (both positive and negative) of excessive carbohydrate fermentation in the human intestines from elevated FODMAP intake require more attention.
Involvement of H2S, NO and BDNF‐TrkB signalling pathway in the protective effects of simvastatin against pentylenetetrazole‐induced kindling and cognitive impairments in mice
Authors: Ahmed Marwa A. , Kamel Esam O. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCognitive dysfunction was observed in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐kindled mice. The potential effectiveness of simvastatin (SIM) on PTZ‐induced kindling and cognitive impairments in mice was evaluated. The influence of SIM on hydrogen sulphide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), reactive aldehydes and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B (BDNF‐TrkB) signalling was also investigated. Kindling and cognitive impairments in mice were induced by 12 ip injections of PTZ (35 mg/kg) once every alternate day. The levels of reactive aldehydes and nitrite were increased while H2S was decreased in PTZ‐treated mice. These results were accompanied by a reduction in the gene expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, cystathionine β‐synthase, BDNF and TrkB. In PTZ‐kindled mice, a rise in brain inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression associated with histopathological changes was observed. SIM administration (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, daily orally) along with alternate day of PTZ (35 mg/kg) resulted in a decrease in PTZ‐induced kindling with a dose‐dependent improvement in cognitive function. SIM (10 mg/kg) prevented, to variable extent, the disturbances associated with PTZ‐kindled mice with cortical, cerebellar and hippocampal structural improvement. These results suggested that SIM triggers multiple mechanisms that improve cognitive function in PTZ‐kindled mice through modulation of oxidative stress, H2S, NO and BDNF‐TrkB signalling pathway.
Practical wisdom as an adaptive algorithm for leadership: Integrating Eastern and Western perspectives to navigate complexity and uncertainty
Authors: Trinh Mai P. , Castillo Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we integrate Eastern and Western perspectives of practical wisdom to answer the question,how can practical wisdom transfer across cultural boundaries in a world of increasing interconnection?We describe key properties of practical wisdom in early Western and Eastern schools of thoughts and explain how the concept of practical wisdom in ancient philosophy aligns with modern‐day complex system science. We identify seven qualities of complex adaptive systems as a universal pattern that underlies both Eastern and Western perspectives. From these qualities, we develop an integrated conceptual framework of practical wisdom as factors both internal and external to the self that promote continuous coupling with the broader operating environment. We propose that practical wisdom functions as an adaptive algorithm capable of continuously evaluating its processing rules to maintain fit with the operating environment while generating ongoing novelty. This generativity expands developmental potential across multiple levels and fosters open‐endedness, evolvability, and antifragility. With this functional understanding, ethics can no longer be marginalized—it must be recognized as the foundation for sustainable organizing because it reliably creates a network topology that makes innovation and long‐term success possible. We close with actions leaders can take to foster practical wisdom.
The calling of the virtuous manager: Politics shepherded by practical wisdom
Authors: Potts Garrett 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper extends an ongoing discussion about establishing a sharper way to conduct ethical investigations into managerial virtue. It does so by relying on Alasdair MacIntyre's moral philosophy in place of those more dominant approaches taken by scholars who make up the field of positive social science. A connection is drawn herein between a MacIntyrean “narrative approach” to investigating managerial virtue and the idea of “work as a calling.” Specifically, it will be argued that the MacIntyrean‐influenced idea of “work as a calling” provides a substantive moral vision that supports an understanding of how virtuous managers ought to narrate their primary workplace motivations. Ultimately, virtuous managers fulfill a “political calling” to support and sustain (a) good work, (b) the good of individual lives, and (c) the common good of communities that their organization reaches. To do this, they must rely on the “shepherd virtue” of practical wisdom (phronesis). Practical wisdom aids virtuous managers’ thinking about achieving the ends of their “calling” as well as any necessary course‐corrections that ought to be made toward the better achievement of those good and worthy ends.
Conceptions of dignity in the Charlie Gard, Alfie Evans and Isaiah Haastrup cases
Authors: Jonas Monique , Evans Amanda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2017 and 2018, the English courts were asked to decide whether continued life‐sustaining treatment was in the best interests of three infants: Charlie Gard, Alfie Evans and Isaiah Haastrup. Each infant had sustained catastrophic, irrecoverable brain damage. Dignity played an important role in the best interests assessments reached by the Family division of the High Court in each case. Multiple conceptions of dignity circulate, with potentially conflicting implications for infants such as Charlie, Alfie and Isaiah. The judgements do not explicate the conceptions of dignity upon which they rely. This article reconstructs the conceptions of dignity invoked in these judgements, finding that a broadly Kantian, agential conception dominates, under which human dignity requires the prospect of agency. This conception is situated within the broader body of thought on dignity, and the potentially adverse implications of applying the reconstructed conception in best interests assessments for infants with severely restricted consciousness are discussed.
Are urologists in trouble with SARS‐CoV‐2? Reflections and recommendations for specific interventions
Authors: Kunz Yannic , Horninger Wolfgang , Pinggera Germar‐M 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of viral infection during urological surgeries due to the possible hazards in tissue, blood, urine and aerosolised particles generated during surgery, and thus to understand the risks and make recommendations for clinical practice.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed the available literature on urological and other surgical procedures in patients with virus infections, such as human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B, and current publications on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).ResultsSeveral possible pathways for viral transmission appear in the literature. Recently, groups have detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in the urine and faeces, even after negative pharyngeal swabs. In addition, viral RNA can be detected in the blood and several tissues. During surgery, viral particles are released, aerosol‐borne and present a certain risk of transmission and infection. However, there is currently no evidence on the exact risk of infection from the agents mentioned above. It remains unclear whether or not viral particles in the urine, blood or faeces are infectious.ConclusionsWhether SARS‐CoV‐2 can be transmitted by aerosols remains controversial. Irrespective of this, standard surgical masks offer inadequate protection from SARS‐CoV‐2. Full personal protective equipment, including at least filtering facepiece‐2 masks and safety goggles should be used. Aerosolised particles might remain for a long time in the operating theatre and contaminate other surfaces, e.g. floors or computer input devices. Therefore, scrupulous hygiene and disinfection of surfaces must be carried out. To prevent aerosolisation during laparoscopic interventions, the pneumoperitoneum should be evacuated with suction devices. The use of virus‐proof high‐efficiency particulate air filters is recommended. Local separation of anaesthesia/intubation and the operating theatre can reduce the danger of viral transmission. Lumbar anaesthesia should be considered especially in endourology. Based on current knowledge, COVID‐19 is not a contraindication for acute urological surgery. However, if possible, as European guideline committees recommend, non‐emergency urological interventions should be postponed until negative SARS‐CoV‐2 tests become available.
Multifunctional opioid receptor agonism and antagonism by a novel macrocyclic tetrapeptide prevents reinstatement of morphine‐seeking behaviour
Authors: Brice‐Tutt Ariana C. , Wilson Lisa L. , Eans Shainnel O. , Stacy Heather M. , Simons Chloe A. , Simpson Grant G. , Coleman Jeremy S. , Ferracane Michael J. , Aldrich Jane V. , McLaughlin Jay P. 
Published: June 2020

Background and PurposeThe macrocyclic tetrapeptide natural product CJ‐15,208 (cyclo[Phe‐d‐Pro‐Phe‐Trp]) is a multifunctional μ‐opioid receptor and κ‐opioid receptor agonist and κ‐opioid receptor antagonist that produces antinociception and prevents stress‐induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine‐conditioned place preference (CPP). We hypothesized that an analogue of CJ‐15,208, cyclo[Pro‐Sar‐Phe‐d‐Phe], would demonstrate multifunctional μ‐opioid receptor and κ‐opioid receptor ligand activity, producing potent antinociception with fewer liabilities than selective μ‐opioid receptor agonists, while preventing both drug‐ and stress‐induced reinstatement of morphine‐induced CPP.Experimental ApproachThe opioid receptor agonist and antagonist activity of cyclo[Pro‐Sar‐Phe‐d‐Phe] was characterized after i.c.v. and i.p. administration to C57BL/6J or transgenic opioid receptor “knockout” mice using the 55°C warm‐water tail‐withdrawal assay. Liabilities of locomotor coordination, respiration and spontaneous ambulation, and direct rewarding or aversive properties were assessed. Finally, the ability of cyclo[Pro‐Sar‐Phe‐d‐Phe] to block morphine‐ and stress‐induced reinstatement of extinguished CPP was determined.Key Resultscyclo[Pro‐Sar‐Phe‐d‐Phe] demonstrated dose‐dependent, short‐lasting antinociception, with an ED50 (and 95% confidence interval) of 0.15 (0.05–0.21) nmol i.c.v. and 1.91 (0.40–3.54) mg·kg−1 i.p., mediated by μ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors. The macrocyclic tetrapeptide also demonstrated potent dose‐dependent κ‐opioid receptor antagonist‐like activity at 2.5, but not at 4.5, h after administration. cyclo[Pro‐Sar‐Phe‐d‐Phe] displayed reduced liabiities compared with morphine, attributed to its additional activity at κ‐receptors. Pretreatment with cyclo[Pro‐Sar‐Phe‐d‐Phe] prevented stress‐ and drug‐induced reinstatement of extinguished morphine‐place preference responses in a time‐dependent manner.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data suggest that cyclo[Pro‐Sar‐Phe‐d‐Phe] is a promising lead compound for both the treatment of pain with reduced sideeffects and preventing both drug‐ and stress‐induced relapse in morphine‐abstinent subjects.
Statins: Could an old friend help in the fight against COVID‐19?
Authors: Rodrigues‐Diez Raul R. , Tejera‐Muñoz Antonio , Marquez‐Exposito Laura , Rayego‐Mateos Sandra , Santos Sanchez Laura , Marchant Vanessa , Tejedor Santamaria Lucía , Ramos Adrian M. , Ortiz Alberto , Egido Jesus , Ruiz‐Ortega Marta 
Published: June 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has overwhelmed healthcare systems requiring the rapid development of treatments, at least, to reduce COVID‐19 severity. Drug repurposing offers a fast track. Here, we discuss the potential beneficial effects of statins in COVID‐19 patients based on evidence that they may target virus receptors, replication, degradation, and downstream responses in infected cells, addressing both basic research and epidemiological information. Briefly, statins could modulate virus entry, acting on the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors, ACE2 and CD147, and/or lipid rafts engagement. Statins, by inducing autophagy activation, could regulate virus replication or degradation, exerting protective effects. The well‐known anti‐inflammatory properties of statins, by blocking several molecular mechanisms, including NF‐κB and NLRP3 inflammasomes, could limit the “cytokine storm” in severe COVID‐19 patients which is linked to fatal outcome. Finally, statin moderation of coagulation response activation may also contribute to improving COVID‐19 outcomes.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc
Spatial and temporal variations in minibasin geometry and evolution in salt tectonic provinces: Lower Congo Basin, offshore Angola
Authors: Ge Zhiyuan , Gawthorpe Rob L. , Zijerveld Leo , Oluboyo Ayodeji P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn passive margin salt basins, the distinct kinematic domains of thin‐skinned extension, translation and contraction exert important controls on minibasin evolution. However, the relationship between various salt minibasin geometries and kinematic domain evolution is not clear. In this study, we use a semi‐regional 3D seismic reflection dataset from the Lower Congo Basin, offshore Angola, to investigate the evolution of a network of minibasins and intervening salt walls during thin‐skinned, gravity‐driven salt flow. Widespread thin‐skinned extension occurred during the Cenomanian to Coniacian, accommodated by numerous distributed normal faults that are typically 5–10 km long and spaced 1–4 km across strike within the supra‐salt cover. Subsequently, during the Santonian–Paleocene, multiple, 10–25 km long, 5–7 km wide depocentres progressively grew and linked along strike to form elongate minibasins separated by salt walls of comparable lengths. Simultaneous with the development of the minibasins, thin‐skinned contractional deformation occurred in the southwestern downslope part of the study area, forming folds and thrusts that are up to 20 km long and have a wavelength of 2–4 km. The elongate minibasins evolved into turtle structures during the Eocene to Oligocene. From the Miocene onwards, contraction of the supra‐salt cover caused squeezing and uplift of the salt walls, further confining the minibasin depocentres. We find kinematic domains of extension, translation and contraction control the minibasin initiation and subsequent evolution. However, we also observe variations in minibasin geometries associated with along‐strike growth and linkage of depocentres. Neighbouring minibasins may have different subsidence rates and maturity leading to marked variations in their geometry. Additionally, migration of the contractional domain upslope and multiple phases of thin‐skinned salt tectonics further complicates the spatial variations in minibasin geometry and evolution. This study suggests that minibasin growth is more variable and complex than existing domain‐controlled models would suggest.