bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in CEP-2 Extender on the Qualities of Limousin Bull Chilled Semen
Authors: Wahjuningsih S , Yekti A P A , Grace A , Amalia  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red dragon fruit peel extract (RDFPE) supplementation in CEP-2 extender to the qualities of Limousin semen during 3-5 °C storage. The semen was collected by using artificial vagina twice a week for 5 weeks. The treatments in this research were RDFPE supplementation at 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% on the CEP-2 base extender and the observed variables include semen motility and viability. The results showed that the addition of RDFPE in CEP-2 extender gave a significant effect (P<0.05) to the semen motility and viability. Supplementation of RDFPE at 3% showed better motility and viability than 0, 1 and 5%. The study concludes that the addition of 3% RDFPE was the best treatment in maintaining the quality of Limousin bull semen at cold temperature.
Bacterial Subclinical Mastitis, Total Somatic Counts, and Its Effect on Milk Yield in Ettawa Crosbred Goat (PE) in Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Suwito W , Andriani  , Nugroho W S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Somatic cell counts enhancement which is accompainied bacteria pathogen is an indication subclinical mastitis (SCM) in Ettawa crosbred goat (PE). The objective of this study was to type of bacterial, somatic cell counts (SCC), and its impact on milk yield (MY) in PE goat SCM in Sleman, Yogyakarta. This study was conducted in Sleman PE goat farm with PE goat SCM (n=10) and no SCM (n=10). Determination of PE goat SCM based on California Mastitis Test (CMT) and followed with calculation SCC by the Breed method. Isolation and identification bacteria in PE goat SCM and no SCM based on bacteriological analytical manual (BAM). The PE goats milk production was monitor everday during one week. The average of SCC in PE goat SCM is 3.72 x 106cells/ml, while no SCM is 1.75 x 105 cells/ml. Bacterials from PE goat SCM is Staphylococcus aureus sp (50%), Pseudomonas sp (40%), Streptococcus sp (30%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (20%), Staphylococcus intermedius (20%), Corynebacterium sp (20%), Coliform sp (10%), and Bacillus sp (10%), while bacteria in PE goat no SCM is Coliform sp (40%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (20%), Staphylococcus intermedius (10%), Streptococcus sp (10%), and Bacillus sp (10%). The average of milk production in PE goat no SCM is 1.38 liter/day, while in PE goat SCM is 0.35 liter/day. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible bacteria in PE goat SCM which causes decrease the milk production than others bacteria.
Evaluation of Birth Weight and Body Measurements of Madura Cattle based on Year of Birth and Breeding System in Madura Breeding Centre, Indonesia
Authors: Nurgiartiningsih V M A , Furqon A , Rochadi I , Rochman A , Muslim A , Waqid M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the birth weight and body measurement of Madura cattle based on year of birth and different breeding systems. The research was conducted in Technical Unit for Animal Breeding and Veterinary in Madura. A total of 137 Madura cattles born in 2014 to 2019 were observed for its birth weight (BW), chest girth (CG), body length (BL) and wither height (WH). The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA to understand the effect of year of birth on birth weight and t-test to analyze the effect of sex and breeding system on birth weight. The results showed that the mean BW, CG, BL and WH were 16.25±2.37 kg, 58.23±4.9 cm, 50.59±7.68 cm, 60.75±4.92 cm for Madura heifer and 17.08±2.4 kg, 59.12±4.04, 51.09±4.75, 63.78±4.07 kg for Madura bull calf, respectively. Birth weight of bull calf was significantly higher than the heifer (P=0.02). Moreover, the practiced natural mating in Madura cattle were higher (62.04%) compared to artificial insemination (37.96%). Birth weight of Madura cattle in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 17.07±3.02 kg, 17.13±2.56 kg, 17.91±2.58 kg, 16.75±2.09 kg, 16.40±1.84 kg, and 18.01±2.38 kg, respectively. The research concludes that the BW, CG, BL and WH of Madura calves at birth were not significantly different between year of birth and showed uncertain patern.
The Quality of Low Fat Mayonnaise Using Banana Peel Flour as Stabilizer
Authors: Evanuarini H , Susilo A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Low fat mayonnaise has disadvantage of having low stability, this is due to decreased dispersed phase and increased aqueous phase. The use of a stabilizer is needed to improve the quality of low fat mayonnaise. The use of banana peel flour is to add the value of low fat mayonnaise. The objective of this research was to observe the quality of low fat mayonnaise by using banana peel flour as a stabilizer. The research method used an experiment using a completely randomized design. The research treatment were use of various percentage of banana peel flour (1%, 3%, 5%) which will be compared with a control (without banana peel flour) with 4 replications. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the use of banana peel flour gave a significant difference in pH and acidity, highly significant difference with moisture content and gave no difference to the sensory evaluation of low fat mayonnaise. The use of banana peel flour can increase the stability of the emulsion and can be acceptable. The conclusion of the study using 1% banana peel flour produced good quality of mayonnaise.
Phenotypic characteristic of Doe Senduro Goat in Senduro Sub District, Lumajang Regency
Authors: Susilorini T E , Furqon A , Ridhowi A , Murthadho A , Putra N D , Palayakun J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate phenotypic characteristic of Doe Senduro Goat in Senduro Sub District, Lumajang Regency. The material was 122 doe Senduro goat which consist of 8-12 months, > 12 – 18 months, > 18 – 24 months, and > 24 months. The method used in this research was a survey which consisting of observation and direct measurement in the field for Length of Body (LB), Height at Withers (HW), Chest Girth (CG) and Length of Ear (LE). Doe Senduro goat has white colour in the whole body, long ears and convex face profile. LB of doe Senduro goat base on the age 8-12 months, > 12 – 18 months, > 18 – 24 months, and > 24 months were 68.0±3.8 cm, 76.0±6.2 cm, 80.0±2.2 cm, 82.5±5.3 cm respectively. While, HW was 74.4±4.5 cm, 76±7.2 cm, 77±5.4 cm, 78±4.0cm respectively. CG was 79.2±2.2 cm, 79.4±5.4 cm, 84.2±7.2 cm, 87.2±4.2 cm and for LE was 31.4±1.2 cm, 32.1±3.2 cm, 34.2±2 cm, 35.2±3.0 cm respectively.
BEP and MOS of the Pullet Farming Partnership Scheme at Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Utami H D , Madalena O V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The pullet farming was well-growing in line with the increasing its demand. However, this farming was unlikely the favourable venture because of the long harvest time (three months) than those of the layer farming. This phenomenon become attractive to deeply explore; since many farmers operated the pullet farming, particularly at Turen and Gedangan sub-district of Malang Regency, East Java Province of Indonesia. The study aimed to investigate the profitability and efficiency the pullet farming especially Break-even Point (BEP) and Margin of Safety (MOS) perspective. There were 23 pullet farmers that divided into three scale including scale-1 (controlling 4000-11,667 birds; n=14), scale-2 (having 11,668-23,335 birds; n=7), scale-3 (raising > 23,335 birds; n=2). Data collection on 24th-31st March 2015 used survey method. Data analysis employed descriptive technique using BEP and MOS formulation. Overall, the pullet farming partnership scheme has obtained little profit ranging (IDR 2,546 – IDR 3,630/bird), less efficient venture (BEP: IDR 44,216-IDR 44,489) and the quite high financial risk (MOS: 5.25%-7.43%). However, regarding to the farm scales, the farming scale-3 exhibited the highest profit in comparison with other scales. In conclusion, the pullet farming that controlling more than 23,335 birds achieved the profit of IDR 3,630 per bird, with IDR 44,216 of the BEP price, and 7.43% of the MOS.
Improving finite element modelling of the dynamic behaviour of a car trunk lid with modal based updating method
Authors: Peter C , Abdul Rani M N , Hashim H , Yunus M A , I Mirza W I I W , Aziz Shah M A S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Predicted results of a finite element model used to develop physical test structures are often found to be not in a good agreement with the experimental results due to the invalid assumptions made in the finite element modelling. This study will focus on improving the correlation level between the finite element model and experimental model of a car trunk lid with the presence of resistance spot welded joints using modal based updating method. The natural frequencies and mode shapes computed from the updated finite element model of the car trunk lid are compared with the corresponding experimental results. HyperWorks and Leuven Measurement System (LMS) test are used for the modelling and modal testing. MSC Nastran SOL200 is used to identify potential updating parameters and to improve the initial finite element model in the light of corresponding experimental results which are obtained from modal testing. The comparison of the results showed that the total error of 58.59 per cent predicted from the initial finite element model of the trunk lid has been successfully reduced to 3.62 per cent. In conclusion, modal based updating has been successfully used to improve the correlation level between the initial finite element model and the physical model of the trunk lid.
Optimization of Kaolin adsorbent to reduction iron metal ion using ultrasonic technology
Authors: Putra Alfian , Syafruddin  , Yayang Risqatia Hasnah Tjut , Amalia Zuhra , Rihayat Teuku 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study was to adsorb of metal ion in water solution by modifying kaolin with anionic surfactant and ultrasonic irradiated. The purpose of this study was to optimize the absorption of metals more specific in absorbing Fe metals in water using modified kaolin with anionic surfactants and ultrasonic irradiated. The adsorption process was carried out using a surfactant modified kaolin modification and without surfactant modification with irradiation time variations of 5, 10, 15, 30, 50 and 80 min at 55 ° C. Samples were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers (AAS), while their characteristics used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of kaolin modification occurs faster than that of kaolin without modification. The maximum allowance for kaolin modified removal efficiency reached 72.81% at 30 minutes irradiation time, while for kaolin without modification the removal efficiency was 65.1% at 30 minutes irradiation time.
Statistical distributions for prediction of stress intensity factor using the bootstrap S-version finite element model
Authors: Husnain M N M , Akramin M R M , Chuan Z L , Rozieana K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Stress intensity factor (SIF) is one of the most fundamental and useful parameters in all of fracture mechanics. The SIF describes the stress state at a crack tip, is related to the rate of crack growth, and used to establish failure criteria due to fracture. The SIF is determined to define whether the crack will grow or not. The aims of this paper is to examine the best sampling statistical distributions in SIF analysis along the crack front of a structure. Box-Muller transformation is used to generate the statistical distributions which is in normal and lognormal distributions. This method transformed from the random number of the variables within range zero and one. The SIFs are computed using the virtual crack-closure method (VCCM) in bootstrap S-version finite element model (BootstrapS-FEM). The normal and lognormal distributions are represented in 95% of confidence bounds from the one hundred of random samples. The prediction of SIFs are verified with Newman-Raju solution and deterministic S-FEM in 95% of confidence bounds. The prediction of SIFs by BootstrapS-FEM in different statistical distribution are accepted because of the Newman-Raju solution is located in between the 95% confidence bounds. Thus, the lognormal distribution for SIFs prediction is more acceptable between normal distributions.
Enhancement of mechanical properties of Copper Brazed by laser surface modification
Authors: Sulaiman A J , Aiman M H , Quazi M M , Ishak M , Ariga T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, laser surface modification (LSM) has become the most advance technique for improving the surface properties for joining methods. This is due to its advantages such as cleaner, precise, more reliable and provides exact control compare to other surface modification techniques. This technique also applicable on wide range of materials, such as metal/alloy, ceramic and polymer. Brazing is a metal-joining process in which two or more metal items are joint together by melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the base materials. The brazing process performed under a controlled atmosphere in vacuum tube furnace. Microscopic observations were made by use of both optical and electron microscopes. Fibre laser surface modification-brazing of 2 mm thick 99% pure copper plate in the lap joint configuration performing with Cu-based filler metal. There are three microgrooves were produced with three different laser power apply 15 watt, 21 watt and 27 watt. It found that successful brazing and wetting can be achieved by modified the surface for the base metal. The result of shear tensile test indicated that the highest shear strength was achieve in groove by using 27. This is because of its excellent of its excellent spreading behaviour of molten filler metal, largest bonding interface area and suitable intermetallic compound (IMC) distribution.
Effect of Laser Surface Modification (LSM) on laser energy absorption for laser brazing
Authors: Zaifuddin A Q , Aiman M H , Quazi M M , Ishak Mahadzir , Ariga T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Since the development of the laser in the 1960s a rapid development of research interests in science and technology took place. Since then, the need of laser application in industrials such as automotive, aerospace and electronics is increasing because of several advantages like automation worthiness, noncontact processing and product quality improvement. In this present study, the effect of Laser Surface Modification (LSM) on pure copper plate towards the laser energy absorption during indirect laser brazing process was studied. The laser brazing experiment was conducted inside a chamber under controlled vacuum pressure with 400Pa and irradiated with constant 140 Watt laser power. The defocusing features for laser brazing was used in order to find better focal position. Accordingly, the focal length for this laser brazing experiment was set to the focus point at 124 mm from the focal plane. Meanwhile, during LSM process, laser parameters such as laser scanning speed and focus length have been kept constant throughout the surface modification process. Yet, the laser power and laser frequency have been varied from 9 Watt to 27 Watt and 10 kHz to 80 kHz respectively. Apparently, surface roughness due to surface removal and oxide layer formation were presented during LSM process. These two surface integrities were found to be the factors of increasing laser energy absorption. It was discovered that an increase in surface roughness and oxide layer formation can absorb more laser energy which then results an increase in brazing temperature during laser brazing. This is because, increasing surface roughness will scatter the laser energy over a larger surface area, multiply the reflections in the surface irregularities while the oxide layer will enhance the interference phenomena of laser energy occurring inside the oxide layer. Both mechanisms increase laser energy absorptivity during laser brazing which results a high brazing temperature.
The effect of laser surface hardening on the surface hardness of mild steel
Authors: Salleh M N M , Ishak M , Aiman M H , Zaifuddin Q , Quazi M M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Laser surface hardening (LSH) has become the most vital process in order to increase the hardness of a mild steel surface, especially to overcome the wear issues in machining parts, where mild steel was hugely applied. This is due to its advantages such as less air pollution, low cost of maintenance and easy to handle compared to other conventional surface hardening process. The laser surface hardening of mild steel has been performed using fibre laser machine which is having a maximum peak power of 30 Watt, with 1060 nm of wavelength above the surface of mild steel having dimension of 15 × 15 × 6 mm. The Vickers hardness test on the laser hardened surface of this metal were measured by a load of 0.5 kgf and 10 seconds dwell time for ten indention points, randomly. It was found that the highest average microhardness value was 281.72 HV on the surface of sample hardened by a laser power of 21 Watt and 40 mm/s scanning speed. Across the cross sectional area, the affected hardened depth was measured at 19 ± 2.5 µm from the surface. In this region, the fine martensitic grain structure was observed, which contributes to the higher microhardness value. Higher laser power produced higher surface hardness, meanwhile higher scanning speed lead to lower surface hardness.
Statistical approach for prediction of thermal properties of CNC and CNC-CuO nanolubricant using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Hisham Sakinah , Kadirgama K , Ramasamy D , Samykano M , Harun W S W , Saidur R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the present work, response surface methodology (RSM) using the miscellaneous design model was performed to optimize thermal properties of Cellulose nonocrystal (CNC) and hybrid of cellulose nanocrystal-copper (II) oxide (CNC-CuO) nanolubricant. Influence of temperature, concentration and type of nanolubricant is used to develop empirical mathematical model by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) with aid of Minitab 18 statistical analysis software. The significance of the developed empirical mathematical model is validated by using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). In order to produce second-order polynomial equations for target outputs including thermal conductivity and viscosity, 26 experiments were performed. According to the results, the predicted values were in sensible agreement with the experimental data. In other words, more than 80% of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity variations of the nanolubricant could be predicted by the models, which shows the applied model is precise. The predicted optimized value shown in the optimization plot is 0.1463 for thermal conductivity and 1.6311 for specific heat capacity. The relevant parameters such as concentration, temperature and type of nanolubricant are 81.51°C, 0.1, and the categorical factor is CNC-CuO. The composite shown in the plot is 0.6531. The validation result wit experimental as shown in indicate that the model can predict the optimal experimental conditions well.
Surface assessments of EDMed mould steel
Authors: Yong Yaowei , Yang Lei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To meet the requirement of the mould industry, the new mould steels are sprung out to improve its properties such as toughness, corrosion resistance etc. However, there are some defections on the finish surface such as cracks, pores etc. In the paper, the two mould steels are chosen to study, one of which has nitrogen element while the other doesn’t have. The relationship between current, pulse on duration and EDM characteristic for two material are studied, and the influence of nitrogen on the cracks and pores are analysed as well. The results show that larger peak current will cause rough surface and little crack in the surface, while the high pulse on duration will increase the surface roughness and crack density. The existed of nitrogen achieves more pores on the surface, and the quantity of pores increases when lengthens the pulse on duration and weaken the peak current.
End milling finite element method for cutting force prediction and material removal analysis
Authors: Suraidah S , Ridzuwan Muhamad , Asmelash Mebrahitom , Azhar Azmir , Mulubrhan Freselam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper presents an orthogonal cutting finite element model analysis on Aluminum 6061 in order to investigate the effect of different number of cutting tool flutes (two and four) on the von misses stress distribution and analysis of cutting forces in three force direction which are in Fx,Fy,Fz. The machining parameters used in the simulation and experiment was a depth of cut of 3 mm and 6 mm with a recommended machining parameter, a 2-flute and 4-flute end mill cutter used for each case. The results showed that the simulation and experiment indicated that the predicted and the measured cutting force of milling process are in a good agreement and the shape of the chip generated was similar.
The designing analysis process of constituent attributes by using VSM and Six Sigma to enhance the productivity in industry of bearings
Authors: Syaifoelida Fevi , Amin Isamir , Megat Hamdan A M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this paper is to study the process and production flow in the manufacturing of bearings, to analyse the designing process of constituent attributes towards manufacturing tool to enhance the productivity in manufacturing of bearings and to propose the factors that will increase the productivity rate in the manufacturing of bearings. Based on several literature reviews of regarding lean manufacturing tools, it was acknowledged that lean is a technique that is significant to enhance the performance of service at various industries through spotting and tackling its criticalities. There are five principles of lean thinking in which it is identify the value, mapping the value stream, creating flow, establishing pull and seeking perfection. There are various lean manufacturing tools that can be used to improve productivity, however for this paper is to study the value stream mapping (VSM) along with six sigma methodology are combined to analyse the productivity rate and propose factors that can enhance productivity. The wastes allocated in this study were successfully obtained through 7 lean type of wastes which are overproduction, defect, inventory, inappropriate processing, transportation, waiting and motion. Lastly, the proposed factors were to improve working environment along with motivation of workers and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) to improve productivity in this bearing manufacturing factory.