bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simplified method for fundamental period prediction of steel frames with steel plate shear walls
Authors: Jiang Rui , Jiang Liqiang , Hu Yi , Jiang Lizhong , Ye Jihong 
Published: March 2020

SummarySteel plate shear wall (SPSW) has been widely used as a lateral force resisting system (LFRS) for medium or high‐rise buildings. The fundamental period is an important parameter for seismic design and seismic risk assessment of building structures. In this paper, a simplified method is developed for the period prediction of SPSW structures based on the basic theory of engineering mechanics. It estimates a SPSW structure as a shear system of steel frame and a shear‐flexure system of SPSWs separately. The fundamental period of the SPSW structure is calculated according to the integration of the lateral stiffness of the steel frame and SPSWs along the height. A corrected formula is proposed based on the fitting analysis of the ratio of the FEM period to the estimated period. A shaking table test is used to validate the corrected formula, the relative error between the corrected result and the test result is 5.0%. Besides, the proposed method is also compared to some existing methods for the period prediction of SPSW structures, the results indicate that the proposed method has good accuracy and can be hand‐calculated. Finally, a probability‐based method is proposed for the corrected formula, and the fundamental period could be determined with a certain guarantee. A confidence interval estimation could be determined via the proposed method according to the demand of structural design.
Simulation of spatial variability in crop leaf area index and yield using agroecosystem modeling and geophysics‐based quantitative soil information
Authors: Brogi C. , Huisman J. A. , Herbst M. , Weihermüller L. , Klosterhalfen A. , Montzka C. , Reichenau T. G. , Vereecken H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAgroecosystem models that simulate crop growth as a function of weather conditions and soil characteristics are among the most promising tools for improving crop yield and achieving more sustainable agricultural production systems. This study aims at using spatially distributed crop growth simulations to investigate how field‐scale patterns in soil properties obtained using geophysical mapping affect the spatial variability of soil water content dynamics and growth of crops at the square kilometer scale. For this, a geophysics‐based soil map was intersected with land use information. Soil hydraulic parameters were calculated using pedotransfer functions. Simulations of soil water content dynamics performed with the agroecosystem model AgroC were compared with soil water content measured at two locations, resulting in RMSE of 0.032 and of 0.056 cm3cm−3, respectively. The AgroC model was then used to simulate the growth of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), silage maize (Zea maysL.), potato (Solanum tuberosumL.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), winter barley (Hordeum vulgareL.), and winter rapeseed (Brassica napusL.) in the 1‐ by 1‐km study area. It was found that the simulated leaf area index (LAI) was affected by the magnitude of simulated water stress, which was a function of both the crop type and soil characteristics. Simulated LAI was generally consistent with the observed LAI calculated from normalized difference vegetation index (LAINDVI) obtained from RapidEye satellite data. Finally, maps of simulated agricultural yield were produced for four crops, and it was found that simulated yield matched well with actual harvest data and literature values. Therefore, it was concluded that the information obtained from geophysics‐based soil mapping was valuable for practical agricultural applications.
Non-standard interactions in radiative neutrino mass models
Authors: Babu K.S. , Dev P.S. Bhupal , Jana Sudip , Thapa Anil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Models of radiative Majorana neutrino masses require new scalars and/or fermions to induce lepton-number-violating interactions. We show that these new particles also generate observable neutrino non-standard interactions (NSI) with matter. We classify radiative models as type-I or II, with type-I models containing at least one Standard Model (SM) particle inside the loop diagram generating neutrino mass, and type- II models having no SM particle inside the loop. While type-II radiative models do not generate NSI at tree-level, popular models which fall under the type-I category are shown, somewhat surprisingly, to generate observable NSI at tree-level, while being consistent with direct and indirect constraints from colliders, electroweak precision data and charged-lepton flavor violation (cLFV). We survey such models where neutrino masses arise at one, two and three loops. In the prototypical Zee model which generates neutrino masses via one-loop diagrams involving charged scalars, we find that diagonal NSI can be as large as (8%, 3.8%, 9.3%) for (εee, εμμ, εττ), while off-diagonal NSI can be at most (10−3%, 0.56%, 0.34%) for (εeμ, εeτ, εμτ). In one-loop neutrino mass models using leptoquarks (LQs), (εμμ, εττ) can be as large as (21.6%, 51.7%), while εee and (εeμ, εeτ, εμτ) can at most be 0.6%. Other two- and three-loop LQ models are found to give NSI of similar strength. The most stringent constraints on the diagonal NSI are found to come from neutrino oscillation and scattering experiments, while the off-diagonal NSI are mostly constrained by low-energy processes, such as atomic parity violation and cLFV. We also comment on the future sensitivity of these radiative models in long-baseline neutrino experiments, such as DUNE. While our analysis is focused on radiative neutrino mass models, it essentially covers all NSI possibilities with heavy mediators.
Preparative supercritical fluid chromatography for lipid class fractionation—a novel strategy in high-resolution mass spectrometry based lipidomics
Authors: Schoeny Harald , Rampler Evelyn , Hermann Gerrit , Grienke Ulrike , Rollinger Judith M. , Koellensperger Gunda 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, a lipidomics workflow based on offline semi-preparative lipid class-specific fractionation by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry was introduced. The powerful SFC approach offered separation of a wide polarity range for lipids, enabled enrichment (up to 3 orders of magnitude) of lipids, selective fractionation of 14 lipid classes/subclasses, and increased dynamic range enabling in-depth characterization. A significantly increased coverage of low abundant lipids improving lipid identification by numbers and degree (species and molecular level) was obtained in Pichia pastoris when comparing high-resolution mass spectrometry based lipidomics with and without prior fractionation. Proof-of-principle experiments using a standard reference material (SRM 1950, NIST) for human plasma showed that the proposed strategy enabled quantitative lipidomics. Indeed, for 70 lipids, the consensus values available for this sample could be met. Thus, the novel workflow is ideally suited for lipid class-specific purification/isolation from milligram amounts of sample while not compromising on omics type of analysis (identification and quantification). Finally, compared with established fractionation/pre-concentration approaches, semi-preparative SFC is superior in terms of versatility, as it involved only volatile modifiers and salt additives facilitating any follow-up use such as qualitative or quantitate analysis or further purification down to the single lipid species level.
Structural and mechanical properties of amorphous AlMgB14 thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on Si, Al2O3 and MgO substrates
Authors: Noroozi Mohammad , Petruhins Andrejs , Greczynski Grzegorz , Rosen Johanna , Eklund Per 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlMgB14 coatings have been deposited by DC magnetron sputtering from elemental targets on Si (001), Al2O3 (0001) and MgO (001) substrates at temperatures in the range of 25–350 °C. The structural and mechanical properties of AlMgB14 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nanoindentation, and analyzed as a function of deposition conditions and substrate materials. The results show that all films are X-ray amorphous, and the mechanical properties of the deposited films depend on the substrate and growth temperature. AlMgB14 thin films deposited at 350 °C are found to have smoother surfaces and containing more well-formed B12 icosahedra than the films deposited at lower temperature, which consequently increase the hardness of the deposited films. The maximum hardness and Young’s modulus of the as-deposited films are about 32.3 GPa and 310 GPa, respectively, for films deposited on Al2O3 substrate at 350 °C.
Inline monitoring of hydrogenous plasma-induced defect formation within fused silica via plasma emission spectroscopy
Authors: Gerhard Christoph , Letien Emilie , Cressent Thomas , Hofmann Mandy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the indirect monitoring of plasma-induced defect formation within fused silica via plasma emission spectroscopy is presented. It is shown that low-pressure plasma treatment with hydrogen as process gas leads to a decrease in UV transmission of fused silica. This decrease can be directly attributed to oxygen vacancy-related defects and the presence of hydrogen within the silicon dioxide glass network. By the analysis of the plasma composition, it was observed that the amount of oxygen within the plasma increases with increasing treatment duration. Hence, oxygen was continuously released from glass network in the course of the plasma treatment. It was further observed that this release is strongly dependent on the applied plasma power where the lowest process efficiency occurs at the highest plasma power. It is shown that an increase in plasma power leads to a remarkable increase in light emission from the working gas, hydrogen. This observation indicates that the higher the degree of excitation and ionisation of the plasma, the lower the efficiency of plasma-induced formation of oxygen deficiency-related defects. This finding is of mentionable relevance for a better understanding of plasma-induced surface modification and coating processes.
Perceptual information supports transfer of learning in coordinated rhythmic movement
Authors: Leach Daniel , Kolokotroni Zoe , Wilson Andrew D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we trained people to produce 90° mean relative phase using task-appropriate feedback and investigated whether and how that learning transfers to other coordinations. Past work has failed to find transfer of learning to other relative phases, only to symmetry partners (identical coordinations with reversed lead–lag relationships) and to other effector combinations. However, that research has all trained people using transformed visual feedback (visual metronomes, Lissajous feedback) which removes the relative motion information typically used to produce various coordinations (relative direction, relative position; Wilson and Bingham, in Percept Psychophys 70(3):465–476, 2008). Coordination feedback (Wilson et al., in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 36(6):1508, 2010) preserves that information and we have recently shown that relative position supports transfer of learning between unimanual and bimanual performance of 90° (Snapp-Childs et al., in Exp Brain Res 233(7), 2225–2238, 2015). Here, we ask whether that information can support the production of other relative phases. We found large, asymmetric transfer of learning bimanual 90° to bimanual 60° and 120°, supported by perceptual learning of relative position information at 90°. For learning to transfer, the two tasks must overlap in some critical way; this is additional evidence that this overlap must be informational. We discuss the results in the context of an ecological, task dynamical approach to understanding the nature of perception–action tasks.
Thermal properties of Na2O–P2O5–Fe2O3 polyphosphate glasses
Authors: Goj Paweł , Ciecińska Małgorzata , Szumera Magdalena , Stoch Paweł 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIron phosphate glasses are materials that can have many applications like durable matrixes in waste immobilization techniques, biomaterials, optoelectronic devices, etc. Their possible usage is related to their glass network and thermal properties. The influence of Na2O content on thermal properties and crystallization ability of iron phosphate glass of base composition 30 Fe2O3–70 P2O5 mol% were studied. Increasing the content of Na2O causes a decrease in transformation temperature and increase in ΔCp. Characteristic temperatures, thermal stability and crystallizing phases were determined. Increasing content of sodium causes depolarization of iron phosphate glass network which causes a continuous change in ΔCp and glass transformation temperature. Discontinuous change in some glass properties suggests structure rebuilding about 30 mol% of Na2O.
Thermal behavior of ethylene copolymers with di- and tri-alkenylsilsesquioxane comonomers synthesized by post-metallocene catalysts
Authors: Groch Paweł , Dziubek Katarzyna , Czaja Krystyna , Sacher-Majewska Beata 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper reported thermal properties of ethylene copolymers with di- and tri-alkenylsilsesquioxanes (POSS) synthesized by bis(phenoxy-imine) Ti, Zr, V, and V salen-type complexes. Ethylene copolymers with multi-alkenyl POSS obtained by such complexes contain multi-alkenyl POSS incorporated into the polymer chain as a side group. They were characterized by different thermal behavior depending on the kind of multi-alkenyl POSS comonomer, and type of the catalyst used, as well as polymerization conditions and thus the structure of the copolymer chain. Ethylene/POSS copolymers differed in incorporation of POSS into the polymer chain, content of specific unsaturation groups, and molecular weight, as well as heterogeneity of polymer chain compositions. The incorporation of multi-alkenyl POSS into the polymer chain affected melting and crystallization processes of copolymers in different ways. The POSS units could act as a nucleating agent of macromolecules. The increasing POSS content in E/POSS copolymers resulted in increasing thermal stability of obtained products, regardless of the kind of multi-alkenylsilsesquioxanes used. Thermal stability of such copolymers increased with decreasing content of trisubstituted vinylene groups (internal saturations) as well. The highest improvement of thermal stability over 85 °C in comparison with PE was observed in case of E/POSS copolymers synthesized by bis(phenoxy-imine) zirconium catalyst. The composition heterogeneity of E/POSS copolymers was found to affect markedly thermal stability of E/POSS copolymers.
Monoaminergic and Kynurenergic Characterization of Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum
Authors: Janssens Jana , Vermeiren Yannick , van Faassen Martijn , van der Ley Claude , Kema Ido P. , De Deyn Peter P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExploring the neurochemical continuum between frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with respect to monoamines and kynurenines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, may be useful to identify possible new research/therapeutic targets. Hence, we analysed monoamines and kynurenines in CSF and serum derived from patients with FTD (n = 39), ALS (n = 23), FTD-ALS (n = 4) and age-matched control subjects (n = 26), using reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. We noted a shared dopaminergic disturbance in FTD and ALS when compared to CONTR, with significantly increased serum DA levels and decreased DOPAC concentrations, as well as decreased DOPAC/DA ratios in both disease groups. In CSF, significantly reduced DOPAC concentrations in FTD and ALS were observed as well. Here, a significant increase in DA levels and decrease in DOPAC/DA ratios was only found in FTD relative to CONTR. With respect to the kynurenine pathway (KP), we only found decreased HK/XA ratios, indicative for vitamin B6 status, in serum of ALS subjects compared to FTD. The dopaminergic commonalities observed in FTD and ALS might relate to a disturbance of dopaminergic nerve terminals in projection areas of the substantia nigra and/or ventral tegmental area, although these findings should first be confirmed in brain tissue. Lastly, based on the results of this work, the KP does not hold promise as a research/therapeutic target in FTD and ALS.
Poverty and Subjective Poverty in Rural China
Authors: Wang Hanjie , Zhao Qiran , Bai Yunli , Zhang Linxiu , Yu Xiaohua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChina is undergoing a campaign which is called “The Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy” to eradicate extreme poverty from rural China until 2020. Though poverty in rural China has been studied intensively in different objective dimensions, little attention has been paid to poverty line settings and subjective poverty, which are hinged to the policy effects. In order to fill in the research gap, this study employs a nationally representative survey of rural households in 2016, to measure subjective poverty in rural China, and analyze the determinants as well. Our results indicate that the mean subjective poverty line of the rural households is 8297 yuan per capita, which is far higher than the national poverty line (2800 yuan). Statistically, 29% of the surveyed rural households who are not objectively poor feel subjectively poor. The objective poverty line cannot fully reflect the subjective poverty perception. Thus, how to reduce the subjective poverty perception could be a major policy agenda in rural China after 2020, when extreme poverty is no longer a problem.
Integrated geophysical and geochemical methods applied for recognition of acid waste drainage (AWD) from Zn-Pb post-flotation tailing pile (Olkusz, southern Poland)
Authors: Pierwoła Jolanta , Szuszkiewicz Marcin , Cabala Jerzy , Jochymczyk Krzysztof , Żogała Bogdan , Magiera Tadeusz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLong-term underground exploitation of Zn-Pb ores has led to drainage of the area and formation of a huge dumping ground in the form of a pile. In its vicinity, processes of acid drainage have developed as a result of contamination of soils and groundwater. Geochemical transformations of mineral contents of waste can significantly affect physical and chemical properties of the soils and the bedrock. At the prospect of termination of the mining activity in the near future, determining the routes of the pollution migration, ability to monitor acid drainage processes and assessment of the risk of heavy metal pollution are really crucial. The paper presents a proposal for solving this problem by means of geophysical methods: Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Time Domain-Induced Polarisation (TDIP), Frequency Domain Electromagnetics (FDEM) and shallow-depth magnetometric surveys combined with geochemical investigations. The obtained results of geophysical surveys have been confirmed by geochemical investigations. The applied ERT and TDIP methods make it possible to identify the spread of the zones of pollution around the tailing pile, but their effectiveness depends on humidity of the ground. Soil magnetometry and shallow-depth induction profiling are a good tool to identify the medium contaminated with minerals redeposited by aeolian processes and allow to determine the range of the dust spread from the pile. It has been shown that the range of impact of the geochemical changes around the tailing pile is high and depends not only on directions and dynamics of water flow from the pile but also on aeolian transport.
Early Progressive Changes in White Matter Integrity Are Associated with Stroke Recovery
Authors: Pinter Daniela , Gattringer Thomas , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Kneihsl Markus , Eppinger Sebastian , Deutschmann Hannes , Pichler Alexander , Poltrum Birgit , Reishofer Gernot , Ropele Stefan , Schmidt Reinhold , Enzinger Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInformation on microstructural white matter integrity has been shown to explain post-stroke recovery beyond clinical measures and focal brain damage. Especially, knowledge about early white matter changes might improve prediction of outcome. We investigated 42 acute reperfused ischemic stroke patients (mean age 66.5 years, 40% female, median admission NIHSS 9.5) with a symptomatic MRI-confirmed unilateral middle cerebral artery territory infarction 24–72 h post-stroke and after 3 months. All patients underwent neurological examination and brain MRI. Fifteen older healthy controls (mean age 57.3 years) were also scanned twice. We assessed fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). Patients showed significantly decreased white matter integrity in the hemisphere affected by the acute infarction 24–72 h post-stroke, which further decreased over 3 months compared with controls. Less decrease in FA of remote white matter tracts was associated with better stroke recovery even after correcting for infarct location and extent. A regression model including baseline information showed that the modified Rankin Scale and mean FA of the genu of the corpus callosum explained 53.5% of the variance of stroke recovery, without contribution of infarct volume. Furthermore, early dynamic FA changes of the corpus callosum within the first 3 months post-stroke independently predicted stroke recovery. Information from advanced MRI measures on white matter integrity at the acute stage, as well as early dynamic white matter degeneration beyond infarct location and extent, improve our understanding of post-stroke reorganization in the affected hemisphere and contribute to an improved prediction of recovery.
Quantitative Measurement of γ-Ray and e-Beam Effects on Fiber Rayleigh Scattering Coefficient
Authors: Chen Yongxiang , Li Jiaqi , Wang Zinan , Stancălie Andrei , Ighigeanu Daniel , Neguţ Daniel , Sporea Dan , Peng Gangding 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe effects of gamma ray (γ-ray) radiation and electron beam (e-beam) radiation on Rayleigh scattering coefficient in single-mode fiber are experimentally investigated. Utilizing an optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR), the power distribution curves of the irradiated fibers are obtained to retrieve the corresponding radiation-induced attenuation (RIA). Based on the backscattering power levels and the measured RIAs, the Rayleigh scattering coefficients can be characterized quantitatively for each fiber sample. Under the given radiation conditions, Rayleigh scattering coefficients have been changed very little while RIAs have been changed significantly. Furthermore, simulations have been implemented to verify the validity of the measured Rayleigh scattering coefficient, including the splicing points.