bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Procollagen Type III N-Terminal Peptide and Physical Function in Adults from the Long Life Family Study
Authors: Santanasto Adam J , Cvejkus Ryan K , Wojczynski Mary K , Marron Megan M , Schupf Nicole , Christensen Kaare , Thyagarajan Bharat , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Circulating levels of procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (P3NP) may reflect increased fibrosis of skeletal muscle and other tissues with aging. Herein, we tested if P3NP was associated with baseline and 7-year change in physical function.

Method
Participants (n = 400) were from the Long Life Family Study, a study of exceptional familial longevity. Plasma P3NP concentration was measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (inter-assay coefficient of variation &lt;5.5%). At baseline and 7-year follow-up visits, physical function was measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB score 0–12), which consists of gait speed, balance, and chair-rise tests. Grip strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer. The association between log-transformed P3NP and physical function was examined using generalized estimating equations adjusted for familial relatedness, age, sex, height, weight, lifestyle characteristics, liver function, kidney function, lung function, and chronic disease prevalence.

Results
Participants were aged 73.1 ± 15.2 years (range: 39–104), 54% female, had body mass index of 26.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2, and gait speeds of 1.0 ± 0.3 m/s. One standard deviation higher log-transformed P3NP was related to worse baseline SPPB score (β = −0.9points), gait speed (β = −0.05m/s), chair-rises per-second (β = −0.46chair-rises/10 seconds), and grip strength (β = −2.0kg; all p &lt; .001). Higher P3NP was also associated with greater declines in gait speed (β = −1.41, p &lt; .001) and transitioning to being unable to perform chair-rises (β = 0.41, p &lt; .001) after 7 years.

Conclusion
Plasma P3NP may be a strong, novel biomarker of current and future physical function. Future research is needed to extend our findings to other cohorts and determine mechanisms underlying these associations.
Tracking earthquake sequences in real time: application of Seismicity-Scanning based on Navigated Automatic Phase-picking (S-SNAP) to the 2019 Ridgecrest, California sequence
Authors: Tan Fengzhou , Kao Honn , Nissen Edwin , Visser Ryan 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYRecent improvements in seismic data processing techniques have enhanced our ability to detail the evolution of major earthquake sequences in space and time. One such advance is new scanning algorithms that allow large volumes of waveform data to be analysed automatically, removing human biases and inefficiencies that inhibit standardized monitoring. The Seismicity-Scanning based on Navigated Automatic Phase-picking (S-SNAP) workflow has previously been shown to be capable of producing high-quality earthquake catalogues for injection-induced seismicity monitoring. In this study, we modify the original S-SNAP workflow to enable it to delineate the spatiotemporal distribution of major earthquake sequences in real time. We apply it to the 2019 Ridgecrest, southern California earthquake sequence, which culminated in an Mw 6.4 foreshock on July 4 and an Mw 7.1 main shock on July 6 and generated tens of thousands of smaller earthquakes. Our catalogue—which spans the period 2019 June 1 to July 16—details the spatiotemporal evolution of the sequence, including early foreshocks on July 1 and accelerating foreshocks on July 4, a seismicity gap before the main shock around its epicentre, seismicity on discrete structures within a broad fault zone and triggered earthquakes outside the main fault zone. We estimate the accuracy and false detection rate of the S-SNAP catalogue based on the reviewed catalogue reported by Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) and our own visual inspection. We demonstrate the advantages of S-SNAP over a generalized automatic earthquake monitoring software, Seiscomp3, and a customized real-time earthquake information system for southern California, TriNet. In comparison, the S-SNAP catalogue contains five times more events than the Seiscomp3 catalogue and 1.4–2.2 times as many events per hour as the TriNet catalogue at most times. In addition, S-SNAP is more likely to solve phase association ambiguities correctly and provide a catalogue with consistent quality through time. S-SNAP would be beneficial to both routine network operations and the earthquake review process.
The rise of the sugar trade and sugar consumption in early British America, 1650–1720*
Authors: Goodall Mimi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article draws on new archival sources to explore how sugar pervaded British North America much earlier that previous scholarly literature has suggested. Sugar arrived in North America with the very first colonists, and was widely available to a variety of consumers across the socio-economic spectrum. The product was foundational to the development of the North American economic world – in the creation of rum distilleries, grocers’ shops and through the use of commodity money. While sugar brought North American colonists closer to Britain through similar consumption patterns and a shared sense of taste, it also began to pull the two countries apart. By 1733, sugar had become a central source of tension between the colony and the metropole; it allowed colonists’ economic relationships to spread much further than Britain, and consequently, as America’s sweet tooth developed, its relationship with Britain began to decay.
Worldwide Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Survey
Authors: Bernstein Charles N , Ng Siew C , Banerjee Rupa , Steinwurz Flavio , Shen Bo , Carbonnel Franck , Hamid Saeed , Sood Ajit , Yamamoto-Furusho Jesus K , Griffiths Anne , Benchimol Eric I , Travis Simon , Lopes Susana , Rubin David T , Kaplan Gilaad G , Armstrong David , Gearry Richard ,   IBD-Emerging Nations Consortium and the WGO IBD Task Force on COVID-19, Rahman M Masudur , Mohsin Mostafa N , Vieira Andrea , Salgado Nayara Carvalho , Machado Marta Brenner , Wu Hao , Mak Joyce W Y , Miao Ying-Lei , Abdullah Murdani , Chowers Yehuda , Ogutu Elly , Devani Smita , Yang Suk-Kyun , Omar Mahmoud , Goh K L , Hilmi Ida , Raja Ali Raja Affendi , Aye Than Than , Wai Tin Moe , Joshi Neeraj , Abbas Zaigham , Magro Fernando , Sollano Jose , Torres Esther A , Mohiuddin Syed Adnan , Diculescu Mircea , Almadi Majid , Ong David , Watermeyer Gillian , Metthananda Navarathne , Wei Shuchen , Limsrivilai Julajak , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Pisepongsa Pises , Kochhar Gursimran , Rodríguez Ximena , Viet Dao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 either because of their underlying disease or its management. Guidance has been presented on the management of persons with IBD in the time of this pandemic by different groups. We aimed to determine how gastroenterologists around the world were approaching the management of IBD.

Methods
Members of the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) IBD Task Force contacted colleagues in countries largely beyond North America and Europe, inviting them to review the WGO website for IBD and COVID-19 introduction, with links to guideline documents, and then to respond to 9 ancillary open-ended management questions.

Results
Fifty-two gastroenterologists from 33 countries across 6 continents completed the survey (April 14 to May 16, 2020). They were all adhering for the most part to published guidelines on IBD management in the COVID-19 era. Some differences and reductions in services related to access, and some related to approach within their communities in terms of limiting virus spread. In particular, most gastroenterologists reduced in-person clinics (43 of 52), limited steroid use (47 of 51), limited elective endoscopy (45 of 52), and limited elective surgeries (48 of 51). If a patient was diagnosed with COVID-19, immunomodulatory therapy was mostly held.

Conclusions
In most countries, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the approach to persons with IBD. The few exceptions were mostly based on low burden of COVID-19 in individual communities. Regardless of resources or health care systems, gastroenterologists around the world took a similar approach to the management of IBD.
Toward Molecular Imaging of Intestinal Pathology
Authors: Le Fur Mariane , Zhou Iris Y , Catalano Onofrio , Caravan Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined by a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with intestinal fibrosis being a major complication. The etiology of IBD remains unknown, but it is thought to arise from a dysregulated and excessive immune response to gut luminal microbes triggered by genetic and environmental factors. To date, IBD has no cure, and treatments are currently directed at relieving symptoms and treating inflammation. The current diagnostic of IBD relies on endoscopy, which is invasive and does not provide information on the presence of extraluminal complications and molecular aspect of the disease. Cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and hybrid modalities have demonstrated high accuracy for the diagnosis of IBD and can provide both functional and morphological information when combined with the use of molecular imaging probes. This review presents the state-of-the-art imaging techniques and molecular imaging approaches in the field of IBD and points out future directions that could help improve our understanding of IBD pathological processes, along with the development of efficient treatments.
Schisto and Ladders version 2: a health educational board game to support compliance with school-based mass drug administration with praziquantel – a pilot study
Authors: Ejike Cynthia Uchechukwu , Oluwole Akinola Stephen , Omitola Olaitan Olamide , Bayegun Adedotun Ayodeji , Shoneye Islamiat Yetunde , Akeredolu-Ale Bolanle Idowu , Idowu Oluwafunmilayo Aduke , Mafiana Chiedu Felix , Ekpo Uwem Friday 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
We redesigned the Schisto and Ladders health educational board game and evaluated its potential to encourage compliance to school-based mass drug administration with praziquantel.

Methods
Two hundred and seventy-five children from six schools who rejected praziquantel treatment were divided into intervention and control groups. Before the intervention, preassessment interviews were conducted on their knowledge about praziquantel treatment and schistosomiasis. The Schisto and Ladders version 2 game as an intervention, and the Snakes and Ladders game as a control, were played for 6 mo. Postassessment interviews, including focus group discussions, were conducted.

Results
At preassessment, 0/98 (0.0%) children in the intervention group had heard of praziquantel compared with 2/177 (1.1%) in the control group. Similarly, 0/98 (0.0%) children in the intervention group did not know that praziquantel does not kill compared with 4/177 (2.3%) in the control group. The postassessment showed that 53/78 (67.9%) in the intervention group were aware of praziquantel compared with 2/177 (1.1%) in the control group (p=0.000). Similarly, 53 (69.7%) in the intervention group knew about the safety of praziquantel compared with 0/177 (0.0%) in the control group (p=0.000). Sixty-four children (65.3%) from the intervention group sought praziquantel treatment after the trial.

Conclusions
Schisto and Ladders version 2 is a useful sensitisation tool with which to encourage compliance to praziquantel treatment in schools.
Implementation of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing combined with routine infectious disease bedside consultation in clinical practice (RAST-ID): a prospective single-centre study
Authors: Valentin Thomas , Koenig Elisabeth , Prattes Juergen , Wunsch Stefanie , Loizenbaur Tobias , Krause Robert , Zollner-Schwetz Ines 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Recently, EUCAST released guidelines for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) directly from positive blood culture bottles. The aim of our prospective single-centre clinical study was to assess the proportion of readable results and errors compared with routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the clinical consequences drawn by infectious disease (ID) physicians from RAST results during same-day bedside consultation.

Methods
All positive blood cultures suitable for RAST from January to December 2019 were included and RAST results at 4 and 6 h compared with standard disc diffusion. The real-life impact of RAST on clinical decisions was assessed during same-day ID bedside consultation.

Results
The proportion of readable RAST results was significantly higher after 6 h of incubation compared with after 4 h (881/930 versus 642/847; P &lt; 0.0001). Major and very major errors were rare (17/642 after 4 h and 12/881 after 6 h; P = 0.087). ID consultation was performed in 134 patients after the RAST result. Antimicrobial treatment was changed in 73 patients and 84 additional measures (i.e. imaging studies, surgery, additional resistance testing) were ordered in 62 patients.

Conclusions
RAST according to EUCAST methods was easy to implement with a low number of major and very major errors after 6 h of incubation. ID physicians performing bedside consultations frequently used this information to change antimicrobial treatment and recommended additional measures.
The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C): Rationale, design, infrastructure, and deployment
Authors: Haendel Melissa A , Chute Christopher G , Bennett Tellen D , Eichmann David A , Guinney Justin , Kibbe Warren A , Payne Philip R O , Pfaff Emily R , Robinson Peter N , Saltz Joel H , Spratt Heidi , Suver Christine , Wilbanks John , Wilcox Adam B , Williams Andrew E , Wu Chunlei , Blacketer Clair , Bradford Robert L , Cimino James J , Clark Marshall , Colmenares Evan W , Francis Patricia A , Gabriel Davera , Graves Alexis , Hemadri Raju , Hong Stephanie S , Hripscak George , Jiao Dazhi , Klann Jeffrey G , Kostka Kristin , Lee Adam M , Lehmann Harold P , Lingrey Lora , Miller Robert T , Morris Michele , Murphy Shawn N , Natarajan Karthik , Palchuk Matvey B , Sheikh Usman , Solbrig Harold , Visweswaran Shyam , Walden Anita , Walters Kellie M , Weber Griffin M , Zhang Xiaohan Tanner , Zhu Richard L , Amor Benjamin , Girvin Andrew T , Manna Amin , Qureshi Nabeel , Kurilla Michael G , Michael Sam G , Portilla Lili M , Rutter Joni L , Austin Christopher P , Gersing Ken R ,   the N3C Consortium
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses societal challenges that require expeditious data and knowledge sharing. Though organizational clinical data are abundant, these are largely inaccessible to outside researchers. Statistical, machine learning, and causal analyses are most successful with large-scale data beyond what is available in any given organization. Here, we introduce the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), an open science community focused on analyzing patient-level data from many centers.Materials and MethodsThe Clinical and Translational Science Award Program and scientific community created N3C to overcome technical, regulatory, policy, and governance barriers to sharing and harmonizing individual-level clinical data. We developed solutions to extract, aggregate, and harmonize data across organizations and data models, and created a secure data enclave to enable efficient, transparent, and reproducible collaborative analytics.ResultsOrganized in inclusive workstreams, we created legal agreements and governance for organizations and researchers; data extraction scripts to identify and ingest positive, negative, and possible COVID-19 cases; a data quality assurance and harmonization pipeline to create a single harmonized dataset; population of the secure data enclave with data, machine learning, and statistical analytics tools; dissemination mechanisms; and a synthetic data pilot to democratize data access.ConclusionsThe N3C has demonstrated that a multisite collaborative learning health network can overcome barriers to rapidly build a scalable infrastructure incorporating multiorganizational clinical data for COVID-19 analytics. We expect this effort to save lives by enabling rapid collaboration among clinicians, researchers, and data scientists to identify treatments and specialized care and thereby reduce the immediate and long-term impacts of COVID-19.
Overwintering, Host-Plant Selection, and Insecticide Susceptibility of Systena frontalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): A Major Insect Pest of Nursery Production Systems
Authors: Herrick Nathan J , Cloyd Raymond A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Systena frontalis (F.) is a major insect pest of nursery production systems in the Midwest and Northeastern regions of the United States with the adults feeding on plant leaves, which reduces salability. However, there is conflicting information on overwintering, and no information on host-plant selection or insecticide susceptibility of S. frontalis adults. Therefore, we conducted a series of experiments under greenhouse, laboratory, and field conditions from 2015 to 2019. The overwintering experiment was isolated in a greenhouse to assess adult emergence from growing medium of containerized plants collected from a wholesale nursery. We found that S. frontalis overwinters in growing medium based on adults captured on yellow sticky cards and the presence of adults on new plant growth. Host-plant selection experiments were conducted at the wholesale nursery and under laboratory conditions to determine feeding selection based on S. frontalis adult feeding damage on whole plants using a foliar damage ranking scale for different cultivars of Itea virginica L., Hydrangea paniculata Siebold, Weigela florida (Bunge), and Cornus sericea L., plants. We found that S. frontalis adults exhibited no preference for the leaves of the plant species or cultivars tested in the field or laboratory. Insecticide efficacy experiments were conducted under field and laboratory conditions. In the field experiments, the insecticides acetamiprid, dinotefuran, and Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) provided better protection of plants from S. frontalis adult feeding than the untreated check. In the laboratory experiments, the acetamiprid and pyrethrins with canola oil treatments provided the highest percent S. frontalis adult mortality.
Barriers to end-of-life discussion with advanced cancer patient as perceived by oncologists, certified/specialized nurses in cancer nursing and medical social workers
Authors: Kimura Yasutaka , Hosoya Miki , Toju Kyoko , Shimizu Chikako , Morita Tatsuya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The objectives of this study were to identify barriers to end-of-life discussion with advanced cancer patients and their families as perceived by oncologists, certified/specialized nurses in cancer nursing (hereafter, collectively referred to as ‘nurses’) and medical social workers, as well as to clarify their opinions about effective strategies to facilitate end-of-life discussion.

Methods
A questionnaire survey was distributed to 4354 medical professionals working at 402 designated regional cancer hospitals in Japan. Responses were obtained from 494 oncologists (valid response rate 30.7%), 993 nurses (46.7%) and 387 medical social workers (48.1%).

Results
Among the barriers to end-of-life discussion with advanced cancer patients, factors related to patients and families, such as ‘Family members’ difficulty accepting loved one’s poor prognosis’, were recognized as the most important issues, which was the common view shared across the three types of medical professionals who participated in this study. Nurses and medical social workers were significantly more likely than oncologists to recognize as important issues ‘Health care team disagreement about goals of care’ and ‘Lack of training to have conversations for end-of-life discussion’. To facilitate end-of-life discussion, ‘providing mental and emotional support for the patients and their families after end-of-life discussion’ was needed most as perceived by the respondents regardless of their profession.

Conclusions
Barriers impeding end-of-life discussion were factors related to patients and their families, and oncologists’ close cooperation with nurses and medical social workers is important in providing emotional support for patients and families. To facilitate end-of-life discussion, it is important to share information on patients’ prognosis and goals for treatment among oncologists and other medical professionals, as well as strengthen communication skill of these medical professions.
Policy-aware data lakes: a flexible approach to achieve legal interoperability for global research collaborations
Authors: Thorogood Adrian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A popular model for global scientific repositories is the data commons, which pools or connects many datasets alongside supporting infrastructure. A data commons must establish legally interoperability between datasets to ensure researchers can aggregate and reuse them. This is usually achieved by establishing a shared governance structure. Unfortunately, governance often takes years to negotiate and involves a trade-off between data inclusion and data availability. It can also be difficult for repositories to modify governance structures in response to changing scientific priorities, data sharing practices, or legal frameworks. This problem has been laid bare by the sudden shock of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper proposes a rapid and flexible strategy for scientific repositories to achieve legal interoperability: the policy-aware data lake. This strategy draws on technical concepts of modularity, metadata, and data lakes. Datasets are treated as independent modules, which can be subject to distinctive legal requirements. Each module must, however, be described using standard legal metadata. This allows legally compatible datasets to be rapidly combined and made available on a just-in-time basis to certain researchers for certain purposes. Global scientific repositories increasingly need such flexibility to manage scientific, organizational, and legal complexity, and to improve their responsiveness to global pandemics.
Changes in recreational behaviors of outdoor enthusiasts during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis across urban and rural communities
Authors: Rice William L , Mateer Timothy J , Reigner Nathan , Newman Peter , Lawhon Ben , Taff B Derrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic presents not only a global health crisis but has also disrupted the daily lives of people around the world. From a leisure perspective, urban outdoor enthusiasts are one group particularly impacted by the pandemic and the subsequent institutional response. Stay-at-home orders and physical distancing recommendations serve as potential inhibitors to outdoor recreation activities central to the lifestyles and wellbeing of outdoor enthusiasts. In urban areas, where these orders and recommendations are most restrictive, the potential impacts on recreation behavior are most consequential. This study provides an empirical analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the recreational behaviors of outdoor enthusiasts across urban and rural communities. Results suggest that the frequency of outdoor recreation participation, distance travelled to participate in outdoor recreation and distance travelled beyond roads during outdoor recreation have declined significantly more among outdoor enthusiasts residing in urban areas than urban clusters or rural areas.