bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal mapping of the closure of the anterior fontanelle and contiguous sutures using computed tomography, in silico models of modern infants
Authors: Lottering Nicolene , Alston Clair L. , Barry Mark D. , MacGregor Donna M. , Gregory Laura S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to quantify and statistically model the age‐related decline in the fibrous connective tissue interface of the anterior fontanelle in modern Australian infants, using three‐dimensional, semi‐automated computed‐assisted design protocols. Non‐linear regression with variance models, using power functions, combined with quantile regression of the 5th and 95th population percentiles, were utilised to assess absolute anterior fontanelle surface area (AFSA) as a function of age, using multi‐slice cranial computed tomography scans obtained from 256 infants aged < 30 months (males: n = 126, females: n = 109) from Brisbane children’s hospitals. Normalised AFSA (NFSA), standardised for variation in cephalic size, followed a progressive decline from birth, the greatest velocity change occurring between the 3–6 and 6–9 month cohorts. Growth of the neurocranium is the most significant within the first 8 months postpartum, with a mean increase of 19.03 mm in maximum cranial length and 10.04 mm in breadth. Directionality of fontanelle closure, quantified using spline curves refutes fundamental assumptions that the anterior fontanelle is consistent with a quadrilateral, and contiguous sutures exhibit constant velocity of closure. The present study provides normative values for fontanelle size and diameters as well as new predictive non‐linear models for age substantiation, screening of developmental abnormalities and indicators of suspected child maltreatment in modern infants aged birth to 30 months.
Uncovering the impact of triadic relationships within a team on job performance: an application of balance theory in predicting feedback‐seeking behaviour
Authors: Lan Junbang , Huo Yuanyuan , Cai Zhenyao , Wong Chi‐Sum , Chen Ziguang , Lam Wing 
Published: April 2020

Although a great deal of knowledge has accumulated about dyadic relationships (i.e., leader–member exchange (LMX) or team–member exchange (TMX)) within a team, employee behaviours that involve triadic relationships among focal employees, leaders, and teammates have seldom been investigated. Using balance theory, which describes triadic relationships from a power dependence perspective, in the current study, we explore how the interplay of LMX, TMX, and peers’ LMX jointly impacts employees’ feedback‐seeking behaviour (FSB) and subsequent job performance. By conducting a multilevel moderated polynomial regression on three‐wave, multi‐source data from 147 team members and their leaders (from 45 work teams), we found that the incongruence between LMX and TMX facilitates FSB when peers’ LMX or task interdependence is high. We also found an asymmetrical incongruence effect concerning the way in which individuals are more likely to seek feedback when LMX is worse than TMX, compared with when LMX is better than TMX. This differential effect is stronger when peers’ LMX or task interdependence is high. The interplay of LMX, TMX, peers’ LMX, and task interdependence eventually has an indirect effect on job performance through FSB. The results from a follow‐up study of 270 employees from 77 teams further confirm our predictions about the mechanism of balance theory. Specifically, the results indicate that when peers’ LMX is high, the incongruence between LMX and TMX decreases employees’ psychological safety.Practitioner points

Our study highlights the importance of studying the triadic (LMX, TMX, and peers’ LMX) rather than dyadic relationships in a work team.

This study demonstrates that imbalanced relationship triads can influence employees in a positive way (i.e., motivate employees to conduct more change‐oriented proactive behaviours).

Our study’s findings show that feedback‐seeking behaviour is important in promoting job performance when it aims at changing the imbalanced social environment.

Our findings suggest practitioners should pay more attention to the role of task interdependence, which changes the power dependence structure of workplace relationships.
Hanging out in The Studio to challenge xenophobia: consolidating identities as community writers
Authors: Coban Osman , McAdam Julie E. , Arizpe Evelyn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article examines findings from a Scottish Social Innovation Fund project carried out in an after‐school club known as The Studio. Researchers worked alongside artists to engage young people situated within their communities to challenge xenophobic discourses through the creation of positive narratives developed through story and arts‐based activities. The work used the “deep hang out theory” to generate a complex account of how the participants mediated the cultural tools surrounding them to produce a community text. Through engaging in an arts‐based process, the young writers and illustrators developed a sense of belonging within their communities, taking an active, engaged stance as literacy producers of texts that challenged xenophobic discourses. The lessons learned in this informal space are of relevance across contexts where young people wish to engage in creating positive narratives of community cohesion.
The Ralstonia solanacearum effector RipI induces a defence reaction by interacting with the bHLH93 transcription factor in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Zhuo Tao , Wang Xue , Chen Zhengyu , Cui Haitao , Zeng Yanhong , Chen Yang , Fan Xiaojing , Hu Xun , Zou Huasong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum releases a set of effectors into plant cells that modify the host defence reaction. The role of the effector protein RipI during infection has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that transient overexpression of RipI induces the hypersensitive response (HR), up‐regulating the HR marker gene hin1, in Nicotiana benthamiana. Deletion of R. solanacearum ripI led to increased virulence in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Through yeast two‐hybrid and pull‐down assays, we identified an interaction between the N. benthamiana transcription factor bHLH93 and RipI, both of which could be localized in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts. Silencing of bHLH93 markedly attenuated the RipI‐induced HR and induced expression of the PDF1.2 defence gene. These data demonstrate that the R. solanacearum effector RipI induces a host defence reaction by interacting with the bHLH93 transcription factor.
Serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels and clinical manifestations in patients with thiamine deficiency
Authors: Miyaue Noriyuki , Yabe Hayato , Nagai Masahiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThiamine deficiency can cause a broad range of symptoms affecting the central nervous system. Although the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear, research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved. Some studies have reported that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a useful biomarker for diagnosing mitochondrial disorder.AimIn the present study, we investigated the clinical associations between GDF15 and thiamine deficiency.MethodsWe measured serum GDF15 levels in four patients with thiamine deficiency, 28 healthy controls, five patients with mitochondrial disorder, three patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and one patient who presented with thiamine deficiency‐like symptoms despite normal blood levels of thiamine. GDF15 concentrations were measured via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum GDF15 levels were evaluated in consideration of clinical parameters including age, sex, and body mass index.ResultsMean GDF15 levels were significantly higher in the thiamine deficiency (3990.5 pg/mL) and mitochondrial disorder groups (3363.2 pg/mL) than in the healthy control group (1062.0 pg/mL). Multiple regression analysis revealed that serum GDF15 levels were significantly associated with age and cognitive function in the healthy control group. The patient with thiamine deficiency‐like symptoms exhibited elevated serum GDF15 levels. In one patient with thiamine deficiency, GDF15 levels gradually decreased after initiating thiamine supplementation.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that serum GDF15 levels may be useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with various manifestations of thiamine deficiency.
Altered rhizoctonia assemblages in grasslands on ex‐arable land support germination of mycorrhizal generalist, not specialist orchids
Authors: Vogt‐Schilb Hélène , Těšitelová Tamara , Kotilínek Milan , Sucháček Pavel , Kohout Petr , Jersáková Jana 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Species‐rich seminatural grasslands in Central Europe have suffered a dramatic loss of biodiversity due to conversion to arable land, but vast areas are being restored. Population recovery of orchids, which depend on mycorrhizal fungi for germination, is however limited. We hypothesised that ploughing and fertilisation caused shifts in orchid mycorrhizal communities in soil and restricted orchid germination.

We examined edaphic conditions in 60 restored and seminatural grasslands, and germination success in 10 restored grasslands. Using a newly designed primer, we screened the composition of rhizoctonias in soil, seedlings and roots of seven orchid species.

Seminatural and restored grasslands differed significantly in nutrient amounts and rhizoctonia assemblages in soil. While Serendipitaceae prevailed in seminatural grasslands with a higher organic matter content, Ceratobasidiaceae were more frequent in phosphorus‐rich restored grasslands with increased abundance on younger restored sites. Tulasnellaceae displayed no preference. Germination success in restored grasslands differed significantly between orchid species; two mycorrhizal generalist species germinated with a broad range of rhizoctonias at most restored grasslands, while germination success of specialists was low.

Past agricultural practices have a long‐lasting effect on soil conditions and orchid mycorrhizal communities. Altered mycorrhizal availability may be the main reason for low germination success of specialist orchid species.
Comparative effectiveness of bariatric surgeries in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ding Li , Fan Yuxin , Li Hui , Zhang Yalan , Qi Dongwang , Tang Shaofang , Cui Jingqiu , He Qing , Zhuo Chuanjun , Liu Ming 
Published: April 2020

SummaryA network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to determine the hierarchies of different bariatric surgeries in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in terms of diabetes remission and cardiometabolic outcomes. Seventeen RCTs and six bariatric surgeries, including single anastomosis (mini) gastric bypass (mini‐GBP), biliopancreatic diversion without duodenal switch (BPD), laparoscopic‐adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), greater curvature plication (GCP) and nonsurgical treatments (NST) were included. Mini‐GBP, BPD, LSG, RYGBP and LAGB (from best to worst), as compared with NST, were all significantly associated with the remission of T2DM. For the follow‐up period > 3 years, BPD, mini‐GBP, RYGBP and LSG (from best to worst) were significantly superior to NST in achieving the remission of T2DM. For secondary outcomes, the overall ranking for bariatric surgeries was RYGBP > BPD > LSG > LAGB after comprehensively weighting glucose, weight, systolic and diastolic pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). Mini‐GBP has the greatest probability of achieving diabetes remission in adults with obesity and T2DM, yet BPD was the most effective in long‐term diabetes remission. RYGBP appears to be the most favourable alternative treatment to manage patients with cardiometabolic conditions.
Saliva proteomics from children with caries at different severity stages
Authors: Guedes Sarah F.F. , Neves Beatriz G. , Bezerra Daniela S. , Souza Gustavo H.M.F. , Lima‐Neto Abelardo B.M. , Guedes Maria Izabel F. , Duarte Simone , Rodrigues Lidiany K. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a comparative analysis of saliva protein profile of patients with early childhood caries at different levels of severity and caries‐free individuals.Materials and methodsStimulated saliva samples were collected from 126 children (2–6 years old), classified according to the ICDAS II, and divided into 3 groups (n = 42): caries‐free (CF), enamel caries (EC), and dentine caries (DC). Samples were digested and analyzed by nanoUPLC coupled with a mass spectrometry. Data analyses were conducted with Progenesis QI for Proteomics Software v2.0. Gene Ontology (GO) terms and protein–protein interaction analysis were obtained.ResultsA total of 306 proteins (≈6 peptides) were identified. Among them, 122 were differentially expressed in comparisons among children with different caries status. Out of the 122 proteins, the proteins E2AK4 and SH3L2 were exclusively present in groups CF and EC, respectively, and 8 proteins (HAUS4, CAH1, IL36A, IL36G, AIMP1, KLHL8, KLH13, and SAA1) were considered caries‐related proteins when compared to caries‐free children; they were up‐regulated proteins in the caries groups (EC and DC).ConclusionThe identification of exclusive proteins for caries‐free or carious‐related conditions may help in understanding the mechanisms of caries and predicting risk as well as advancing in caries control or anti‐caries approaches.
Acetaminophen‐induced generalized fixed drug eruption in a 5‐year‐old girl
Authors: Genovese Giovanni , Gelmetti Carlo , Spigariolo Cristina , Colonna Cristiana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcetaminophen is one of the most widely prescribed analgesic drugs. Fixed drug eruption, especially the pigmenting type, is reported in literature as a possible adverse event to acetaminophen in child. We hereby present a case of generalized fixed drug eruption due to acetaminophen intake in a 5‐year‐old dark‐skinned child.
Prospects for a Monetary Union in the East Africa Community: Some Empirical Evidence
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Gil‐Alana Luis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper examines generalised purchasing power parity (G‐PPP) and business cycle synchronisation in the East Africa Community with the aim of assessing the prospects for a monetary union. The univariate fractional integration analysis shows that the individual series exhibit unit roots and are highly persistent. The fractional bivariate cointegration tests suggest that there exist bivariate fractional cointegrating relationships between the exchange rate of the Tanzanian shilling and those of the other EAC countries, and also between the exchange rates of the Rwandan franc, the Burundian franc and the Ugandan shilling. The Fractionally Cointegrated Vector AutoRegressive (FCVAR) results imply the existence of a single cointegrating relationship between the exchange rates of the EAC countries. On the whole, there is evidence in favour of G‐PPP. In addition, there appears to be a high degree of business cycle synchronisation between these economies. On both grounds, one can argue that a monetary union should be feasible.
Intervention to reduce perceived loneliness in community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Rodríguez‐Romero Rocío , Herranz‐Rodríguez Carmen , Kostov Belchin , Gené‐Badia Joan , Sisó‐Almirall Antoni 
Published: April 2020

AimWe evaluated the reduction in perceived loneliness and depression and the increase in social support and quality of life in community‐dwelling lonely people aged >65 years included in a community intervention compared with nonlonely controls from the same urban area.DesignRandomised clinical trial without blind evaluation.LocationUrban area of Barcelona.ParticipantsCommunity dwellers aged >65 years with loneliness identified by the primary care team.InterventionsThe primary care team together with community agents (municipal social services, community civil and religious associations) carried out 18 sessions developing activities including educational workshops, mindfulness, yoga, walking and visits to urban gardens.ResultsWe included 55 patients (87% female, mean age 80.6 ± 6.86 years) of whom 82% had moderate and 18% severe loneliness. Six months postintervention, 48.3% of the intervention group did not feel lonely compared with 26.9% of controls (p = 0.001). Social support (DUKE‐UNC‐11) increased from 33.5 ± 9.3 to 41.4 ± 6.6, and mental health (SF‐12) from 36 ± 610.4 to 48 ± 11.1 and depressive symptoms (Yesavage test) decreased from 9.2 ± 3.6 to 5.2 ± 5.0 in the intervention but not the control group.ConclusionsThe intervention mainly reached people with moderate loneliness and significantly improved the perception of loneliness, depressive symptoms, social support and the mental health component of the quality of life. The intervention may be more suitable for people with moderate loneliness, but these types of activities may be difficult to accept by people with severe loneliness not related to the barriers to socialisation generated by ageing.
Effect of transdermal estradiol therapy on bone mineral density of amenorrheic female athletes
Authors: Nose‐Ogura Sayaka , Yoshino Osamu , Kanatani Mayuko , Dohi Michiko , Tabei Katsuyuki , Harada Miyuki , Hiraike Osamu , Kawahara Takashi , Osuga Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe effects of transdermal estradiol treatment (HT) in amenorrheic athletes (AA) with low body weight (BW) and low bone mineral density (BMD) are unknown.PurposeTo investigate whether HT increases BMD in AA with low BW and to compare the results with levels in AA who have recovered spontaneous menstruation (SM).MethodsFemale athletes (n = 151) were recruited at the Japan Institute of Sports Sciences and the University of Tokyo. All participants were divided into four groups: an AA group (untreated group) (n = 36), a HT group (n = 55), a SM group (n = 21), and an eumenorrheic athletes (EA) group (n = 39). Height, body weight, blood tests, and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry were measured at baseline and after 12 months. The HT group was treated daily for 12 months with transdermal estrogen therapy. In addition, participants received oral progestin for 7 days once every 3 months.ResultsAfter 12 months, BMD in the AA group was significantly lower than at baseline; however, BMD in the other three groups was significantly higher than at baseline. The ratio of the change in BMD values before and after 12 months was −1.6 ± 3.2% for the AA group, 5.3 ± 8.7% for the HT group, 11.1 ± 8.9% for the SM group, and 2.3 ± 5.7% for the EA group. The rate of change in BMD values in the SM group was greater than that in the HT group.ConclusionHT increased BMD in AA with low BW, and the increase in those with SM was greater than that in those treated with HT.
Computational Model and Design of the Soft Tunable Lens Actuated by Dielectric Elastomer
Authors: Li Jinrong , Lv Xiongfei , Liu Liwu , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Inspired by the accommodation mechanism of the human eye, several soft tunable lenses have been fabricated and demonstrated the capability of controllable focus tuning. This paper presents a computational model of a dielectric elastomer-based soft tunable lens with a compact structure that is composed of a lens frame, two soft films, and the optically transparent fluid enclosed inside. The two soft films, respectively, serve as the active film and passive film. The active film is a dielectric elastomer film and can be coated with the annular electrode or circular electrode. The deformation of the lenses with both electrode configurations can all be formulated by a boundary value problem with different boundary conditions and be solved as the initial value problem using the shooting method. Two common failure modes of loss of tension and electrical breakdown are considered in the calculation of the lens. The computational results can well fit the experimental data. The focus tuning performances as well as the distributions of stretches, stresses, and electric field in the active films of the lenses with two different electrode configurations are compared. The influences of several parameters on the performances of the lenses are discussed, such that the tunable lens can be designed to have maximum focal length change or to be optimized based on different application requirements.
The Effect of Geometry on Harmonically Varied Helix Milling Tools
Authors: Sanz Markel , Iglesias Alex , Munoa Jokin , Dombovari Zoltan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Two different kinds of descriptions for edge geometry of harmonically varied helix tools are studied in this work. The edge geometries of the so-called lag and helix variations are used in this paper, and their equivalency is established from engineering point of view. The equivalent relation is derived analytically and the nonlinear algebraic system is described, with which the numerical equivalency properties can be determined. The equivalent description can be utilized in variable helix tool production to determine an optimized set of geometrical parameters of the edge geometry. The stability properties are shown and compared for a simple one degree-of-freedom case with the nonuniform constant helix tools. The robustness of the results related to the harmonically varied tools is critically discussed in this paper showing advantages compared to the nonuniform constant helix case. The results suggest that the more extreme the edge variation is, the more stable the process performed with the corresponding harmonically varied tool becomes.
Nonlinear Convective Flow of Magnetohydrodynamic Oldroyd 8-Constant Fluid in a Channel With Chemical Reaction and Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: Yusuf T.A. , Mabood F. , Gbadeyan J.A. , Adesanya S.O. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present work concentrates on the two-dimensional steady incompressible flow of an Oldroyd-8 constant fluid between vertical plates influenced by a magnetic field. The cross diffusive and second-order chemical reactions are incorporated into the study. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to obtain the series solutions of the transformed system of nonlinear equations. The effects of these parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also investigated for various values of relevant parameters affecting the flow and heat transfer phenomena. The most relevant outcomes of the present study are that enhancement in magnetic field strength undermines the flow velocity, temperature, and concentration establishing thinner related boundary layer. Another important outcome is that an increase in the Dufour parameter upsurges the rate of heat transfer at the wall y = 0 while peters out at y = 1. Finally, the second-order chemical reaction parameter reduces the concentration distribution. The novel outcomes of this investigation will be helpful in the field of the aerosol technology.