bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alveolar ridge preservation with a collagen cone: Histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical results of a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Schnutenhaus Sigmar , Edelmann Cornelia , Dreyhaupt Jens , Rudolph Heike , Luthardt Ralph G. , Goetz Werner 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to examine the influence of a combination material of a collagen cone and a collagen membrane on the healing process of extraction sockets with regard to histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical parameters.Materials and methodsIn a prospective randomized clinical study, 10 patients (test group) received a collagen combination material after tooth removal. The extraction sockets of 10 other patients (control group) were left to heal without further intervention. Eleven ±1 weeks after tooth extraction, histological biopsies were performed in both groups at the time of implant placement. Subsequently, the biopsies were evaluated semiquantitatively in terms of histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical parameters for the identification of factors of bone metabolism and vascularization.ResultsNo significant difference between test and control group were found for any parameter. According to the descriptive data, the use of a collagen combination material seems to result in slightly higher values of the osteogenic Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and vascularization.ConclusionThe histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analysis of ARP with a collagen cone combined with a collagen membrane showed no significant differences in terms of bone metabolism and vascularization.
Cytologic features of sebaceous, lymphadenoma, and sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma: Differential diagnostic considerations
Authors: Vazmitsel Maryna , Esebua Magda , Layfield Lester J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSebaceous lymphadenomas and sebaceous lymphadenocarcinomas are uncommon neoplasms occurring predominately within the parotid gland. Cytomorphology of these neoplasms is rarely reported. Occasional reports have discussed the cytomorphological features of these neoplasms but criteria distinguishing sebaceous lymphadenomas from lymphadenocarcinomas have not been described.MethodsThe senior authors' consultation files and records of the University of Missouri were searched for all cases with a diagnosis of sebaceous adenoma, lymphadenoma, lymphadenocarcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Slides from these cases were reviewed by the authors for cytologic features characteristic of these neoplasms. These features were compared with other salivary gland lesions in the differential diagnosis and for utility in separating benign from malignant sebaceous neoplasms.ResultsThree sebaceous lymphadenomas and one sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma were found. Smears contained large numbers of mature lymphocytes dispersed in a watery or bloody background. Scattered among the lymphoid cells were small nests of epithelial cells characterized by a finely to coarsely vacuolated cytoplasm. The majority of cells contained bland nuclei with finely granular chromatin and conspicuous nucleoli. A second population of small basaloid cells was present. The single sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma had a similar cytomorphology.ConclusionsSebaceous lymphadenomas can be distinguished from other neoplasms within the differential diagnosis due to their prominent lymphoid background and population of epithelial cells with a finely to coarsely vacuolated cytoplasm. The nuclei are bland but have conspicuous nucleoli. Based on our small series, cytomorphologic features are inadequate to definitively separate sebaceous lymphadenomas from lymphadenocarcinomas.
Crowdsourced Research: Vulnerability, Autonomy, and Exploitation
Authors: Kwek Adrian 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe use of crowd workers as research participants is fast becoming commonplace in social, behavioral, and educational research, and institutional review boards are encountering more and more research protocols concerning these workers. In what sense are crowd workers vulnerable as research participants, and what should ethics reviewers look out for in evaluating a crowdsourced research protocol? Using the popular crowd‐working platform Amazon Mechanical Turk as the key example, this article aims to provide a starting point for a heuristic for ethical evaluation. The first part considers two reputed threats to crowd workers’ autonomy—undue inducements and dependent relationships—and finds that autonomy‐focused arguments about these factors are inconclusive or inapplicable. The second part proposes applying Alan Wertheimer's analysis of exploitation instead to frame the ethics of crowdsourced research. The article then provides some concrete suggestions for ethical reviewers based on the exploitation framework.
Influence of body mass and environmental conditions on winter mortality risk of a northern ungulate: Evidence for a late‐winter survival bottleneck
Authors: Kautz Todd M. , Belant Jerrold L. , Beyer Dean E. , Strickland Bronson K. , Duquette Jared F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

A relationship between winter weather and survival of northern ungulates has long been established, yet the possible roles of biological (e.g., nutritional status) and environmental (e.g., weather) conditions make it important to determine which potential limiting factors are most influential.

Our objective was to examine the potential effects of individual (body mass and age) and extrinsic (winter severity and snowmelt conditions) factors on the magnitude and timing of mortality for adult (>2.5 years old) female white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus [Zimmerman, 1780]) during February–May in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA.

One hundred and fifty deer were captured and monitored during 2009–2015 in two areas with varying snowfall. February–May survival ranged from 0.24 to 0.89 (mean = 0.69) across years. Mortality risk increased 1.9% with each unit increase in cumulative winter severity index, decreased 8.2% with each cumulative snow‐free day, and decreased 4.3% with each kg increase in body mass. Age and weekly snow depth did not influence weekly deer survival. Predation, primarily from coyote (Canis latrans [Say, 1823]) and wolves (Canis lupus [L., 1758]), accounted for 78% of known‐cause mortalities.

Our results suggest that cumulative winter severity, and possibly to a lesser degree deer condition entering winter, impacted deer winter survival. However, the timing of spring snowmelt appeared to be the most influential factor determining late‐winter mortality of deer in our study. This supports the hypothesis that nutrition and energetic demands from weather conditions are both important to northern ungulate winter ecology. Under this model, a delay of several weeks in the timing of spring snowmelt could exert a large influence on deer survival, resulting in a survival bottleneck.
Efficient sustainable algorithm for numerical solution of nonlinear delay Fredholm‐Volterra integral equations via Haar wavelet for dense sensor networks in emerging telecommunications
Authors: Amin Rohul , Nazir Shah , García‐Magariño Iván 
Published: January 2020

SummaryEmerging technologies such as cloud computing, integration of Internet of Things, data science, self‐powered data centers, dense sensor network, artificial intelligence convergence, machine learning and deep learning, self‐service IT for business users and others play an important role in daily life. Dense sensor networks (DSNs) can be useful in fields such as structured health monitoring and turbine blades monitoring. Given the high number of sensors and the required small size, these sensors usually have very low processing capabilities for fitting to the size restrictions and limiting the production costs of the whole DSN. In this context, algorithms need to be really efficient so the algorithms can be achieved. This article focuses on providing an efficient algorithm for solving integral equations that can be useful in common problems in for emerging telecommunications. More concretely, this article presents an efficient numerical scheme for solution of nonlinear delay Fredholm integral equations, nonlinear delay Volterra integral equations and nonlinear delay Fredholm Volterra integral equations which are based on the use of Haar wavelets. Maximum absolute errors and experimental rates of convergence are computed using different numbers of collocation points.Numerical examples are given to show the computational efficiency of the proposed method. The numerical results exhibit that the technique is efficient and effective. The proposed research work can be used in wireless sensor network, emerging technologies, hereditary's phenomena in physics and heat transfer problems, electron emission and X‐rays radiography.
Outcomes of Childhood Cholestasis in Alagille Syndrome: Results of a Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Kamath Binita M. , Ye Wen , Goodrich Nathan P. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Romero Rene , Heubi James E. , Leung Daniel H. , Spinner Nancy B. , Piccoli David A. , Alonso Estella M. , Guthery Stephen L. , Karpen Saul J. , Mack Cara L. , Molleston Jean P. , Murray Karen F. , Rosenthal Philip , Squires James E. , Teckman Jeffrey , Wang Kasper S. , Thompson Richard , Magee John C. , Sokol Ronald J. ,   for the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN)
Published: January 2020

Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder with cholestasis as a defining clinical feature. We sought to characterize hepatic outcomes in a molecularly defined cohort of children with ALGS‐related cholestasis. Two hundred and ninety‐three participants with ALGS with native liver were enrolled. Participants entered the study at different ages and data were collected retrospectively prior to enrollment, and prospectively during the study course. Genetic analysis in 206 revealed JAGGED1 mutations in 91% and NOTCH2 mutations in 4%. Growth was impaired with mean height and weight z‐scores of <−1.0 at all ages. Regression analysis revealed that every 10 mg/dL increase in total bilirubin was associated with a decrease in height z‐score by 0.10 (P = 0.03) and weight z‐score by 0.15 (P = 0.007). Total bilirubin was higher for younger participants (P = 0.03) with a median of 6.9 mg/dL for those less than 1 year old compared with a median of 1.3 mg/dL for participants 13 years or older. The median gamma glutamyl transferase also dropped from 612 to 268 in the same age groups. After adjusting for age, there was substantial within‐individual variation of alanine aminotransferase. By 20 years of age, 40% of participants had developed definite portal hypertension. Estimated liver transplant–free survival at the age of 18.5 years was 24%. Conclusions: This is the largest multicenter natural history study of cholestasis in ALGS, demonstrating a previously underappreciated burden of liver disease with early profound cholestasis, a second wave of portal hypertension later in childhood, and less than 25% of patients reaching young adulthood with their native liver. These findings will promote optimization of ALGS management and development of clinically relevant endpoints for future therapeutic trials.
Co‐Doped MoSe2 Nanoflowers as Efficient Catalysts for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
Authors: Zimron Oded , Zilberman Tamar , Kadam Sunil R. , Ghosh Sirshendu , Kolatker Shay‐Lee , Neyman Alevtina , Bar‐Ziv Ronen , Bar‐Sadan Maya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) based materials are considered as highly active alternatives to the precious Pt‐based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In particular, MoSe2 emerges as a promising catalyst due to its abundance and electrochemical stability, but further modifications are still required to enhance its performance, specifically in alkaline conditions. Here, we developed a method to obtain MoSe2 with two cobalt doping patterns: homogeneously doped and edge doped nanoflowers, with abundant edge sites and extended surface area. The results show that low concentration of doping enhances the catalytic activity toward HER. Incorporation of cobalt as a substituent dopant within the layered structure of MoSe2 appears to have two major contributions: it changes the chemical environment providing more active sites with favored hydrogen adsorption properties, and improves the charge transfer resistance and thus facilitates the HER kinetics. Moreover, the homogeneous and edge‐doped nanoflowers show different pH‐dependence of HER activity. Edge‐doped samples exhibit significantly improved performance in acidic medium, while the overpotential increases in alkaline environment upon doping. A mechanistic explanation of the observed effect is proposed. This work opens up an additional path for improving the catalytic activity of TMDCs in acidic or alkaline medium using a simple and facile method with only small quantities of dopants.
Study on the potential mechanism of anti‐inflammatory activity of covalently immobilized hyaluronan and heparin
Authors: AlKhoury Hala , Hautmann Adrian , Erdmann Frank , Zhou Guoying , Stojanović Sanja , Najman Stevo , Groth Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInflammation and subsequent fibrotic encapsulation that occur after implantation of biomaterials are issues that fostered efforts in designing novel biocompatible materials to modulate the immune response. In this study, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) like hyaluronic acid (HA) and heparin (Hep) that possess anti‐inflammatory activity were covalently bound to NH2‐modified surfaces using EDC/NHS cross‐linking chemistry. Immobilization and physical surface properties were characterized by atomic forces microscopy, water contact angle studies and streaming potential measurements demonstrating the presence of GAG on the surfaces that became more hydrophilic and negatively charged compared to NH2‐modified. THP‐1 derived macrophages were used here to study the mechanism of action of GAG to affect the inflammatory responses illuminated by studying macrophage adhesion, the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) and IL‐1β release that were reduced on GAG‐modified surfaces. Detailed investigation of the signal transduction processes related to macrophage activation was performed by immunofluorescence staining of NF‐κB (p65 subunit) together with immunoblotting. We studied also association and translocation of FITC‐labeled GAG. The results show a significant decrease in NF‐κB level as well as the ability of macrophages to associate with and take up HA and Hep. These results illustrate that the anti‐inflammatory activity of GAG is not only related to making surfaces more hydrophilic, but also their active involvement in signal transduction processes related to inflammatory reactions, which may pave the way to design new anti‐inflammatory surface coatings for implantable biomedical devices.
Etching anisotropic surface topography onto fibrin microthread scaffolds for guiding myoblast alignment
Authors: Carnes Meagan E. , Pins George D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo regenerate functional muscle tissue, engineered scaffolds should impart topographical features to induce myoblast alignment by a phenomenon known as contact guidance. Myoblast alignment is an essential step towards myotube formation, which is guided in vivo by extracellular matrix structure and micron‐scale grooves between adjacent muscle fibers. Fibrin microthread scaffolds mimic the morphological architecture of native muscle tissue and have demonstrated promise as an implantable scaffold for treating skeletal muscle injuries. While these scaffolds promote modest myoblast alignment, it is not sufficient to generate highly functional muscle tissue. The goal of this study is to develop and characterize a new method of etching the surface of fibrin microthreads to incorporate aligned, sub‐micron grooves that promote myoblast alignment. To generate these topographic features, we placed fibrin microthreads into 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethane‐sulfonic acid (MES) acidic buffer and evaluated the effect of buffer pH on the generation of these features. Surface characterization with atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated the generation of aligned, sub‐micron sized grooves on microthreads in MES buffer with pH 5.0. Microthreads etched with surface features had tensile mechanical properties comparable to controls, indicating that the surface treatment does not inhibit scaffold bulk properties. Our data demonstrate that etching threads in MES buffer with pH 5.0 enhanced alignment and filamentous actin stress fiber organization of myoblasts on the surface of scaffolds. The ability to tune topographic features on the surfaces of scaffolds independent of mechanical properties provides a valuable tool for designing microthread‐based scaffolds to enhance regeneration of functional muscle tissue.
Oral Bisphosphonate Use and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Moderate–Severe (Grade 3B-5D) Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Alarkawi Dunia , Ali M Sanni , Bliuc Dana , Pallares Natalia , Tebe Cristian , Elhussein Leena , Caskey Fergus J , Arden Nigel K , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Abrahamsen Bo , Diez-Perez Adolfo , Pascual Julio , Pérez-Sáez María José , Center Jacqueline R , Judge Andrew , Cooper Cyrus , Javaid Muhammad K , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Oral bisphosphonates (oBPs) have been associated with reduced fractures and mortality. However, their risks and benefits are unclear in patients with moderate–severe CKD. This study examined the association between oBPs and all-cause mortality in G3B-5D CKD. This is a population-based cohort study including all subjects with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;45/mL/min/1.73 m2 (G3B: eGFR &lt;45/mL/min/1.73 m2 G4: eGFR 15–29/mL/min/1.73 m2 G5: eGFR &lt;15/mL/min/1.73 m2 G5D: hemodialysis) aged 40+ years from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and the Catalan Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP). Previous and current users of other anti-osteoporosis drugs were excluded. oBP use was modeled as a time-varying exposure to avoid immortal time bias. Treatment episodes in oBP users were created by concatenating prescriptions until patients switched or stopped therapy or were censored or died. A washout period of 180 days was added to (date of last prescription +180 days). Propensity scores (PSs) were calculated using prespecified predictors of mortality including age, gender, baseline eGFR, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, previous fracture, co-medications, and number of hospital admissions in the previous year. Cox models were used for PS adjustment before and after PS trimming (the first and last quintiles). In the CPRD, of 19,351 oBP users and 210,954 non-oBP users, 5234 (27%) and 85,105 (40%) deaths were recorded over 45,690 and 915,867 person-years of follow-up, respectively. oBP users had 8% lower mortality risk compared to non-oBP users (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.95). Following PS trimming, this became nonsignificant (HR 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.04). In the SIDIAP, of 4146 oBP users and 86,127 non-oBP users, 1330 (32%) and 36,513 (42%) died, respectively. oBPs were not associated with mortality in PS adjustment and trimming (HR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.1 and HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.01). In this observational, patient-based cohort study, oBPs were not associated with increased mortality among patients with moderate–severe CKD. However, further studies are needed on other effects of oBPs in CKD patients. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Correlation of microRNA‐125a/b with acute respiratory distress syndrome risk and prognosis in sepsis patients
Authors: Li Shilei , Zhao Danna , Cui Jie , Wang Lizeng , Ma Xiaohua , Li Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to explore the association of microRNA (miR)‐125a and miR‐125b with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk and to investigate their correlation with clinical characteristics and prognosis in sepsis patients.MethodsTotally 150 sepsis patients admitted to our hospital were consecutively enrolled and another 150 healthy subjects were enrolled as healthy controls (HCs). Their blood samples were collected for miR‐125a and miR‐125b detection by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Besides, ARDS occurrence and 28‐day mortality were documented in all sepsis patients.ResultsMiR‐125a and miR‐125b relative expressions were increased in ARDS‐sepsis patients/non‐ARDS‐sepsis patients compared with HCs, while only miR‐125b but not miR‐125a was elevated in ARDS‐sepsis patients compared with non‐ARDS‐sepsis patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve presented that miR‐125a (AUC: 0.650, 95%CI: 0.549‐0.750) and miR‐125b (AUC: 0.739, 95%CI: 0.653‐0.823) could differentiate ARDS‐sepsis patients from non‐ARDS‐sepsis patients, and miR‐125b was of increased predictive value compared with miR‐125a numerically. In sepsis patients, miR‐125a relative expression was positively associated with serum creatinine (Scr), chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and miR‐125b was positively associated with Scr, C‐reactive protein (CRP), APACHE II score, SOFA score, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All sepsis patients were categorized into survivors and deaths according to 28‐day mortality, and miR‐125b but not miR‐125a was upregulated in deaths compared with survivors.ConclusionBoth of miR‐125a and miR‐125b predict ARDS risk, while only miR‐125b is of value in prognosis prediction in sepsis patients.
IgA is the predominant isotype of anti‐β2 glycoprotein I antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Melayah Sarra , Changuel Maha , Mankaï Amani , Ghedira Ibtissem 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anti‐cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and anti‐β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) among Tunisian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsNinety RA patients with positive anti‐cyclic citrullinated antibodies (anti‐CCP) and 90 healthy blood donors (HBD) were studied. aCL and aβ2GPI of isotype IgG, IgA and IgM were detected by ELISA.ResultThe frequency of antiphopholipid antibodies (aPL) (aCL and/or aβ2GPI) was significantly higher in patients with RA than in HBD (35.5% vs 11.1%, P = .0001). The frequencies of aCL and aβ2GPI were significantly higher in patients than in healthy subjects (15.5% vs 5.5%, P = .04 and 32.2% vs 11.1%, P = .0005 respectively). aβ2GPI‐IgA were significantly more frequent in patients than in the control group (26.7% vs 7.8%, P = .0007). In patients, aβ2GPI‐IgA were significantly more frequent than aβ2GPI‐IgG (26.7% vs. 6.7%, P = .0003) and aβ2GPI‐IgM (26.7% vs 5.6%, P = .0001). In RA patients, the frequency of aβ2GPI was significantly higher than that of aCL (32.2% vs 15.5%, P = .008). aβ2GPI‐IgA was significantly more frequent than aCL‐IgA (26.7% vs 4.4%, P = .00005). The average titer of anti‐CCP in aPL positive patients was significantly higher than in aPL negative patients (170.6 ± 50 RU/mL vs 147.7 ± 51 RU/mL, P = .04). Significant correlation was found between aβ2GPI‐IgA and anti‐CCP (r = .235, P = .026).ConclusionsaPL and particularly aβ2GPI‐IgA are frequent in RA and are correlated with anti‐CCP.