bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology of Haemorrhoids
Authors: Pata Francesco , Sgró Alessandro , Ferrara Francesco , Vigorita Vincenzo , Gallo Gaetano , Pellino Gianluca 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Haemorrhoidal Disease (HD) is a frequent anal disorder and one of the
most common findings identified at the colorectal clinic. This article aims to provide an overview
of the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of haemorrhoids and haemorrhoidal disease.

Introduction:
Internal haemorrhoids are vascular cushions located in the anal canal, above the dentate
line and covered by columnar epithelium. They contribute to the faecal continence and the sensitivity
of the anal canal. The enlargement and/or sliding of haemorrhoidal tissue produce symptoms
and complications, the so-called haemorrhoidal disease.

Methods:
A systematic research was realized, looking at the best evidence in literature, searching
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and the most renowed textbooks of colorectal surgery from January
1980 to January 2020.

Results:
Aetiology and pathophysiology of HD are still controversial, but multifactorial. Disruption
of stromal scaffolding, enlargement of vascular component, elevated anal pressure and rectal redundancy
represent key events in the development and complications of the disease. Local inflammation
may also play a role. Goligher’s classification remains the most widely used. Thorough patient
history and examination are paramount to diagnose HD, excluding other anal or colonic pathologies.

Conclusion:
Several aspects of etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology remain controversial. Further
studies are needed to obtain a better understanding of the disease.
Post-Hemorrhoidectomy Pain Management: The Latest News
Authors: Chierici Andrea , Frontali Alice 
Published: April 2020

:
Anal post-operative pain is one of the principal issues of surgical treatment of hemorrhoids
and remains a distressing problem, for patients and physicians.

:
Recent studies have concluded that appropriate postoperative pain management leads to higher patient
satisfaction, earlier mobilization, fewer drug complications, eliminated adverse events, faster
recovery, and decreased health care cost.

:
However, despite advances in pain medicine, postoperative pain control remains problematic and
remains an important unresolved issue that causes expense and patient dissatisfaction. Therefore,
this situation calls for multi-modal pain management, choosing medication, dosing regimens and
route of administration in an individualized way to optimize efficacy and minimize adverse effects.

:
Multiple approaches, including pharmacological and surgical interventions, have been used to manage
pain after hemorrhoidal surgery.

:
Our aim was to check the latest instruments and strategies available in literature designed to find
practical solutions to this challenging problem.
Empowering Voices of Students with Learning Difficulties – Implementing Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in a Special School through Participatory Action Research
Authors: Pui Winnie Sin Wai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on how self-regulated learning strategies can provide opportunities for students with learning difficulties to express their ideas and reflect on their learning progress. A qualitative, multiple-method research design was used for this participatory action research in a special school in Hong Kong. Data were collected for an academic year in a Form 5 (Year 12 in the UK) class setting. The ‘C. Ind. Le Coding Scheme’ from Whitebread et al. (2009) was used in the data analysis, providing an indicator of verbal and non-verbal self-regulation. My study indicates that the teachers’ guidance and feedback could foster the students’ expressive capability. The students actively shared their ideas, and appreciated everyone’s uniqueness in their school learning. This paper offers examples of how to implement self-regulated learning strategies at subject teaching (teacher-level) and learning (student-level), this promotes and supports the voices of students with learning difficulties in a special educational context.
Conceptualising Teachers’ Knowledge when Crossing National Boundaries
Authors: Underwood James , Truong Thanh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of this paper was to examine the meaning and function of “teachers knowledge”, both as a foundational tool used by teachers as professionals and the ways in which such knowledge is acquired, shared, and bettered. To help guide this discussion, the paper reviews the literature on related topics whilst also providing other insights and recommendations for further research. The topics have been broken down into two main parts: conceptualising teachers’ professional knowledge; and the sharing of knowledge internationally. The second of these examines the history of the topic whilst also critiquing the methods and effectiveness of sharing strategies. We find that the ways professional knowledge have been defined in public discourse are often inappropriate for the specific context of teaching. Furthermore, we find that sharing experience and knowledge between teachers is a foundational concept yet not always a straightforward matter and knowledge/experience can be a very difficult thing to transfer between one another. These obstacles can be exacerbated when it comes to the sharing of knowledge internationally, as economic disparities between participating nations can be vast and differences in culture challenging to overcome. Some nations additionally struggle in their authenticity to learn from each other. Ultimately, it is clear that “teacher knowledge” is a concept that is an area in need of further research, particularly as education reforms and curriculum adjustments are of great concern to both developing nations and their wealthier counterparts.
A Study on the ‘Compatiblity Assumption’ of Contemporary Multiplicative Plasicity Models
Authors: Ladislav Écsi , Róbert Jerábek , Pavel Élesztős 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Contemporary multiplicative plasticity models are now generally accepted as “proper material models” for modelling plastic behaviour of deformable bodies within the framework of finite-strain elastoplasticity. The models are based on the assumptions that the intermediate configuration of the body is stress-free or locally unstressed, for which no plastic deformation exists that meets the conditions of compatibility. The assumption; however, has never really been questioned nor justified, but was rather taken as an axiom and therefore considered to be generally true. In this study, we take a critical look at the assumption from both, physical and mathematical points of view, in order to investigate whether contemporary multiplicative plasticity models are indeed continuum based and if there are alternatives to them.
Evaluation of Performance Indicator of Railway Bridges Using Updated Finite Element Model
Authors: Milan Sokol , Monika Márföldi , Michal Venglár , Katarína Lamperová 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Structural health monitoring (SHM) can provide information needed to make important decisions regarding the maintenance of bridge structures. However, the data collected from monitoring needs to be first translated into actionable, quantitative or qualitative based characteristics, that indicate the condition of a bridge. This paper presents a process of evaluation of such performance indicator in case of a steel railway bridge using the updated FE model and in-situ measurements of strains on selected stringers and floorbeams.
Loading and Unloading Curve of Foam Material Based on Compression Test
Authors: Bělík Radomír , Fusek Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper is deals with compression testing for the purpose of identify loading and unloading curves of polyurethane foam materials. Obtained testing results of foam are used for a mathematical description of the material behaviour. The mathematical description is applied to a finite-element analysis for the purpose of simulation and comparison with the actual compression test.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Treatment Process of Aluminium Profiles
Authors: Gebauer Marek , Brzobohatý Tomáš , Blejchař Tomáš , Karásek Tomáš 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the simulation of cooling processes of the aluminium profiles inside the water quench. Cooling of profile surfaces is performed by water spray, which is created by mixing a water and an air in a nozzles. Formulas were found in literature, modified and applied to a given problem that significantly simplified a solution. The task of numerical simulations was to determine temperature and velocity profile on aluminium profile surfaces for establishing of the heat transfer coefficient which was used as the convective boundary condition necessary to solve the heat transfer in the aluminium profile by finite element method. The difference between FEM and CFD results is up to 10%.
Mechanical Analysis of Clamp for Powerline Conductors
Authors: Paulech Juraj , Kutiš Vladimír , Gálik Gabriel , Murín Justín 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The contribution deals with mechanical simulation of clamps for overhead powerline AlFe conductors. The process of pressed joint creation for two AlFe conductors and tensile test of such system are simulated using ANSYS software. The obtained results are compared to given tensile strength of the clamp.
Soil Load on Plastic Pipe and its Influence on Lifetime
Authors: Poduška Jan , Hutař Pavel , Frank Andreas , Kučera Jaroslav , Sadílek Jiří , Pinter Gerald , Náhlík Luboš 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Lifetime of plastic pipes can be estimated by integration of a power law describing the crack kinetics. However, this procedure requires an FEM (finite element method) calculation of the possible crack propagation in the pipe to obtain stress intensity factor dependency on the crack length. It is very important for the simulation to consider every possible load that is acting on the pipe. This contribution deals with FEM modelling of a pipe that is loaded by internal pressure, residual stresses and soil loads. Comparison of the factors and pipe lifetime estimation is carried out.
Comparision of Dominant Features Identification for Tool Wear in Hard Turning of Inconel 718 by Using Vibration Analysis
Authors: Rao Dasari Kondala , Srinivas Kolla 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In various machining processes, the vibration signals are studied for tool condition monitoring often referred as wear monitoring. It is essential to overcome unpredicted machining trouble and to improvise the efficiency of the machine. Tool wear is a vital problem in materials such as nickel based alloys as they have high hardness ranges. Though they have high hardness, a nickel based alloy Inconel 718 with varying HRC (51, 53, and 55), is opted as work material for hard turning process in this work. Uncoated carbide, coated carbide and ceramic tools are employed as cutting tools. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array is considered by taking hardness, speed, feed and depth of cut as four input parameters, the number of experiments and the combinations of parameters for every run is obtained. The vibration signals are recorded at various stages of cutting, till the tool failure is observed. Taking this vibration signal data as input to ANOVA and Grey relation analysis (GRA) which categorizes the optimal and utmost dominant features such as Root Mean Square (RMS), Crest Factor (CF), Skewness (Sk), Kurtosis (Ku), Absolute Deviation (AD), Mean, Standard Deviation (SD), Variance, peak, Frequency and Time in the tool wear process.
Free Vibration Analysis of Simply Supported P-FGM Nanoplate Using a Nonlocal Four Variables Shear Deformation Plate Theory
Authors: Abdelbaki Chikh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper shows an analysis of the free vibration of functionally graded simply supported nanoplate. The nonlocal four variables shear deformation plate theory is used to predict the free vibration frequencies of functionally graded nanoplate simply supported using non-local elasticity theory with the introduction of small-scale effects. The effect of the material properties, thickness-length ratio, aspect ratio, the exponent of the power law, the vibration mode is presented, the current solutions are compared to those obtained by other researchers. Equilibrium equations are obtained using the virtual displacements principle. P-FGM Power law is used to have a distribution of material properties that vary across the thickness. The results are in good agreement with those of the literature.
Application of Analogue Derivators for Obtaining Direct Non-Measurable Components of the State Vector in Crane Control
Authors: Patrik Grosinger , Peter Šolek 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a simple-to-use system for estimating non-measurable components of crane state vector considering parameter changes. To obtain them, it is possible to use a numerical derivative, where the measurement noise causes great inaccuracies, or the Luenberger observer and Kalman filter, which require knowledge of the dynamics of the controlled system, which is constantly changing with the crane.
Design and Finite Element Analysis of an Eight Wheel Stair Climbing Cart
Authors: Hasan Md Zahid , Rashid Moshiur 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Most of the people living in developing or less developed countries have limited earning to provide somehow their basic needs and usual staff. Carrying goods is a regular task in life and several products have been invented to minimize efforts in this purpose. However, the price and features of most available products are out of the reach for the people of limited earnings. Stair climbing cart is very useful for those houses where a lift is not available. In this research, a modified mechanical design with eight wheels providing pause-rest feature has been represented with the equations of pulling force, constraints of stair dimensions and climbing mechanism. The ‘House of Quality Diagram ‘(QFD)’ has been added to accomplish the vision of further market research and customer satisfaction. The factor of safety and different types of stress have been determined for different types of loads and conditions. In addition, the details of the material with dimension, design and feasibility analysis have led this research to uniqueness.
La RDA dans le (rétro)viseur. Plaidoyer pour une autre perception
Authors: Hähnel-Mesnard Carola 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cette contribution s’interroge sur la façon dont la mémoire de la RDA est construite et transmise. Aujourd’hui, l’interprétation de l’histoire de la RDA se fait toujours essentiellement à partir du paradigme totalitaire, que ce soit dans les médias, dans la plupart des musées financés par l’État ou dans les productions cinématographiques à succès. Cette représentation est en décalage par rapport à la perception de la RDA telle qu’elle fut vécue de l’intérieur par la grande majorité de ses citoyens. Alors que la réflexion sur l’histoire du quotidien est présente depuis longtemps dans le monde de la recherche, les aspects qui en relèvent sont peu présents dans les représentations actuelles de la RDA. Le film Gundermann (2018) d’Andreas Dresen et Laila Stieler est un récent exemple d’une tentative entreprise par les Allemands de l’Est pour récupérer un pouvoir d’interprétation de leur passé. Globalement, la sous-représentation de ces derniers dans les positions-clés de la société influe également sur les possibilités de prise de parole sur ce passé.
Influence of cultural and traditional beliefs on maternal and child health practices in rural and urban communities in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ikechukwu H. Ukweh , Ofonime N. Ukweh , Kofoworola Odeyemi , Asukwo D. Ekanem 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
The influence of cultural and traditional beliefs on key maternal and child health practices in the developing nations cannot be overemphasized. This study was carried out to determine the influence of cultural and traditional beliefs on key maternal and child health practices among rural and urban mothers in Cross River State.

Materials and Methods:
The study design was a comparative analytical cross-sectional study among mothers with under-five children in rural and urban households in Cross River State and the study populations comprised mothers of under-five children and traditional birth attendants in Cross River State. Sampling technique used to select respondents in the rural and urban sites was multistage sampling method and the sample size was determined using standard method of comparing two independent groups. For focus group discussion (FGD), the purposive sampling method was employed in both study sites. The study instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire and data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.

Results:
Statistical analysis showed that the age of mother, husband, and marriage of women from the rural communities were significantly higher (P > 0.05) than that of women from the urban communities. Knowledge of the cultural beliefs of their people concerning maternal and child health is significantly higher in the rural communities than in the urban communities (P < 0.0001). Similarly, there was significant difference in the cultural dispositions of the rural and urban communities to maternal and child health practices (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that traditional beliefs influence maternal and child health-care practices in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Conclusions:
It is therefore concluded that cultural and traditional influences on maternal and child health practices are predominant in rural settings, with positive or indifferent cultural disposition to recommended practice being commonly associated with such practice. Maternal health education as well as education and engagement of traditional leaders are highly recommended. This should be focused at corrective reorientation toward the preference of recommended best practices that they currently do not support while sustaining the effort at encouraging other best practices.
Caracterização da Cobertura Vegetal no Alto Curso da Bacia do Igarapé do Mindu - Manaus (AM)
Authors: Albuquerque Natalia Ramos , Molinari Deivison Carvalho 
Published: April 2020

O processo urbano acelerado ao longo dos anos dentro da cidade de Manaus - AM acabou ocasionando substituição parcial da cobertura vegetal por ocupações irregulares. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o tipo de cobertura vegetal presente no alto curso da bacia hidrográfica do igarapé do Mindu, localizado entre a zona norte e leste da área urbana de Manaus - Amazonas. A metodologia do trabalho baseou-se em três etapas: pré-campo realizada mediante técnicas de geoprocessamento para identificação da área de estudo via Qgis, monitoramento do trabalho de campo registrada por fotografias com auxílio do GPS (Global Position System), uso de VANT para adquirir imagens aéreas de alta resolução espacial, e o pós-campo resultando no processamentos das imagens e análise dos dados. Os resultados encontrados demostram concentração de espécies concentradas ao norte da bacia procurando identificar a distribuição e caracterização das espécies vegetais do tipo: Unidade de Conservação, Áreas Verdes, Fragmento Florestal, Área de Proteção Permanente (APP), Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) e Corredor Ecológico.Characterization of Vegetation Coverage in the Upper Course of the Igarapé do Mindu Basin - Manaus (AM)A B S T R A C TThe accelerated urban process over the years within the city of Manaus - AM eventually led to partial replacement of vegetation cover by irregular occupations. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the type of vegetation cover present in the upper reaches of the Mindu stream, located between the north and east of the urban area of Manaus - Amazonas. The methodology of the work was based on three steps: pre-field carried out by geoprocessing techniques to identify the study area via Qgis, fieldwork monitoring recorded by photographs with the aid of GPS (Global Position System), use of UAV for acquire high spatial resolution aerial images, and the postfield resulting in image processing and data analysis. The results show a concentration of species concentrated to the north of the basin, seeking to identify the distribution and characterization of plant species such as: Conservation Unit, Green Areas, Forest Fragment, Permanent Protection Area (APP), Environmental Protection Area (APA) and Ecological corridor.Keywords: radiation, net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, Caatinga, dry.
Numerical investigation on heat transfer enhancement inside a rectangular microchannel with vortex generator using TiO2, Cuo-water nanofluids
Authors: Behaeen Arash , Nimafar Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

One of the innovative ways to improve heat transfer properties of heat exchangers, is using nanofluids instead of traditional fluids. Due to presence of metal and oxides of metal particles in nanofluids structure, they have better potential in different environments and conditions than conventional fluids and having higher thermal conductivity causes improvements in heat transfer properties. In this research flow of two different nanofluids through a rectangular microchannel consisting of different number of longitudinal vortex generators (lvgs), has been investigated. Simulations conducted under laminar flow boundary condition and for different Reynolds numbers from 100 to 250. Considered volumetric concentration in this paper is 1, 1/6 and 2/3 %. Results showed, nanofluids and the LVGs remarkably enhance the heat transfer rates inside the microchannel. havg improved with increasing the nanoparticles volume concentrations and Reynolds number, whereas the opposite trends observed for pressure drop. havg improved for 4 to 12 and 9 to 18% for TiO2 and CuO nanofluids, respectively for different volume concentrations in simple microchannel. For lvg-enhanced microchannel the amount of improvements is about 9-14 and 5-10% for CuO and TiO2, respectively. Also using vortex generators alone improved havg for 15-25% for different number of lvgs.
Комбінований метод для розв'язання вироджених задач безумовної оптимізації
Authors: Задачин В.М. 
Published: April 2020

Представлено метод другого порядку для розв'язання вироджених задач безумовної оптимізації, який є комбінацією двох методів: методу Ньютона та градієнтного методу. На кожній ітерації весь простір представляється як декартовий добуток двох підпросторів: ядра матриці Гессе та ортогонального доповнення до нього. На ядрі матриці Гессе працює градієнтний метод, а на ортогональному доповненні до нього – метод Ньютона. При цьому застосовується параметр регуляризації чисельного методу для розділення простору на два ортогональних підпростори. Розглядається також квазі-ньютонівський варіант представленого методу. Ефективність квазі-ньютонівського варіанту метода підтверджується чисельними експериментами, які були проведені на загальноприйнятих тестових функціях для задач безумовної оптимізації.
Прогнозування пунктуації тексту на основі моделі BERT
Authors: Знахур C.В. , Знахур Л.В. 
Published: April 2020

Багато актуальних NLP завдань, включаючи задачу авто пунктуації, залежать від ефективного вирішення завдання прогнозування – визначення того, який саме токен повинен бути наступним. У даній роботі розглянута підзадача прогнозування наступного токену на основі попередніх. Основною проблемою існуючих підходів є те, що вони не однаково ефективні. З метою вирішення цієї проблеми у даній роботі розглядається використання двонаправлених кодерів моделі BERT з даними, які були токенізовані.