bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Conundrum of Managing Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Alrohimi Anas , Purdy Kaylynn , Alqarni Mustafa , Alotaibi Ghazi , Blevins Gregg , Butcher Ken , Rempel Jeremy , Wu Cynthia , Sun Haowei Linda , Khan Khurshid 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT:Guidelines are lacking for management of acute ischemic stroke and stroke prevention in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Our aim is to highlight the dilemma inherent in managing patients with both significant bleeding and thrombotic risk factors. In this review, we present two patients with history of ITP who presented with acute ischemic stroke and received tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), a rare management strategy in this patient population. In addition, we identified 27 case reports of ischemic stroke in patients with ITP; none of them received tPA or EVT. Furthermore, there are 92 patients with significant thrombocytopenia with no available data regarding the cause of thrombocytopenia, who were acutely treated with tPA or EVT. Conclusive evidence cannot be determined based on these limited number of cases. Future multicenter prospective cohort studies in patients with ITP are needed to provide better evidence-based treatment plans. At present, treatment of acute ischemic stroke in patients with ITP requires close collaboration between hematology and vascular neurology experts to find a balance between the benefit and risk of hemorrhagic complications.
Associations between responses to voices, distress and appraisals during daily life: an ecological validation of the cognitive behavioural model
Authors: Fielding-Smith Sarah F. , Greenwood Kathryn E. , Wichers Marieke , Peters Emmanuelle , Hayward Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCognitive models propose that behavioural responses to voices maintain distress by preventing disconfirmation of negative beliefs about voices. We used Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) to examine the hypothesized maintenance role of behavioural responses during daily life.MethodThirty-one outpatients with frequent voices completed a smartphone-based ESM questionnaire 10 times a day over 9 days, assessing voice-related distress; resistance and compliance responses to voices; voice characteristics (intensity and negative content); appraisals of voice dominance, uncontrollability and intrusiveness.ResultsIn line with predictions, behavioural responses were associated with voice appraisals (dominance and uncontrollability), but not voice characteristics. Greater resistance and compliance were reported in moments of increased voice distress, but these associations did not persist after controlling for concurrent voice appraisals and characteristics. Voice distress was predicted by appraisals, and, unexpectedly, also by voice characteristics. As predicted, compliance and resistance were related to increases in distress at subsequent timepoints, whilst antecedent voice appraisals and characteristics had no such effect. Compliance, but not resistance, additionally predicted subsequent increases in voice uncontrollability. In both cases, the reverse models showed no association, indicating directional effects of responses on subsequent distress, and of compliance on uncontrollability appraisals.ConclusionsThese results provide support for the cognitive model by suggesting that momentary behavioural and emotional responses to voices are associated with concurrent negative voice appraisals. Findings suggest that behavioural responses may be driven by voice appraisals, rather than directly by distress, and may in turn maintain voice appraisals and associated distress during the course of daily life.
SPONTANEOUS OR PROGRAMMATIC? LAND OCCUPATIONS DURING SPAIN'S SECOND REPUBLIC (1931–1936)
Authors: Domènech Jordi , Martinelli Pablo 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the spatial deployment of temporary settlements in Extremadura in 1932-1933 and 1936. The literature has stressed the role of bottom-up forces driving settlements in 1933 and 1936, perhaps making land reform in Extremadura an interesting case study of local collective action-driving policy implementation in a developing economy. Contrary to this view, we argue that there was an equal or more important role of the top-down, programmatic design of land occupations, which explains a large share of the spatial and temporal variation of expropriations and settlements.
Analyzing the Ethical Implications of Research Using Leaked Data
Authors: Boustead Anne E. , Herr Trey 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough information made public after a data breach can provide insight into difficult research questions, use of these data raises ethical questions not directly addressed by current ethical guidelines. This article develops a framework for identifying and managing risks to human subjects when conducting research involving leaked data. We contend that researchers who seek to use leaked data should identify and address ethical challenges by considering the process through which the data were originally released into the public domain.
Genome-wide blood DNA methylation analysis in patients with delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Kim Bong Jun , Kim Youngmi , Youn Dong Hyuk , Park Jeong Jin , Rhim Jong Kook , Kim Heung Cheol , Kang Keunsoo , Jeon Jin Pyeong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the epigenetic changes associated with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) pathogenesis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we investigated genome-wide DNA methylation profiles specifically associated with DCI, which is a major contributor to poor clinical outcomes. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were conducted in 40 SAH patients (DCI, n = 13; non-DCI, n = 27). A replication study using bisulfite modification and methylation-specific PCR was further performed in 36 patients (DCI, n = 12; non-DCI, n = 24). The relative degree of methylation was described as the median and 25th–75th percentile. No significant differences in clinical characteristics between DCI and non-DCI groups were observed. Among the top 10 differentially methylated genes analyzed via EWAS, two aberrantly methylated CpG sites of cg00441765 (INSR gene) and cg11464053 (CDHR5 gene) were associated with decreased mRNA expression (2−ΔCt). They include INSR [0.00020 (0.00012–0.00030) in DCI vs. 0.00050 (0.00030–0.00068) in non-DCI] and CDHR5 [0.114 (0.053–0.143) in DCI vs. 0.170 (0.110–0.212) in non-DCI]. Compared with non-DCI cases, patients with DCI exhibited an increased degree of methylation in the replication study: INSR, 0.855 (0.779–0.913) in DCI vs. 0.582 (0.565–0.689) in non-DCI; CDHR5, 0.786 (0.708–0.904) in DCI vs. 0.632 (0.610–0.679) in non-DCI. Hypermethylation of two novel genes, INSR and CDHR5 may serve as a biomarker for early detection of DCI following SAH.
Rethinking animal models of sepsis – working towards improved clinical translation whilst integrating the 3Rs
Authors: Nandi Manasi , Jackson Simon K. , Macrae Duncan , Shankar-Hari Manu , Tremoleda Jordi L. , Lilley Elliot 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sepsis is a major worldwide healthcare issue with unmet clinical need. Despite extensive animal research in this area, successful clinical translation has been largely unsuccessful.
We propose one reason for this is that, sometimes, the experimental question is misdirected or unrealistic expectations are being made of the animal model.
As sepsis models can lead to a rapid and substantial suffering – it is essential that we continually review experimental approaches and undertake a full harm:benefit impact assessment for each study. In some instances, this may require refinement of existing sepsis models. In other cases, it may be replacement to a different experimental system altogether, answering a mechanistic question whilst aligning with the principles of reduction, refinement and replacement (3Rs).
We discuss making better use of patient data to identify potentially useful therapeutic targets which can subsequently be validated in preclinical systems. This may be achieved through greater use of construct validity models, from which mechanistic conclusions are drawn. We argue that such models could provide equally useful scientific data as face validity models, but with an improved 3Rs impact. Indeed, construct validity models may not require sepsis to be modelled, per se. We propose that approaches that could support and refine clinical translation of research findings, whilst reducing the overall welfare burden on research animals.
The Emerging Importance of High-Resolution Manometry in the Evaluation and Treatment of Deglutition in Infants, Children, and Adults: New Opportunities for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Davidson Kate , O'Rourke Ashli , Fortunato John E. , Jadcherla Sudarshan 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Diagnostic precision and prolonged testing before, during, and after deglutition is lacking across the age spectrum. Conventional clinical evaluation and radiologic methods are widely used but are reliant on human perception, carrying the risk of subjectivity. High-resolution manometry (HRM) is an emerging clinical and research tool and has the capability to objectively measure the dynamics, kinetics, regulatory, and correlation aspects of deglutition.

Method
We review the basics of manometry and the methods, metrics, and applications of this technology across the age spectrum. The goal is to aid in the translation of HRM from research tool to clinical use by the speech-language pathologist in the development of better global plans to understand normal and abnormal deglutition.

Results
HRM is an easily adaptable precise diagnostic tool that can be used to examine deglutition phases and abnormalities across the age spectrum from neonates to nonagenarians and can be a valuable adjunct to specialty evaluation of persistent deglutition disorders.

Conclusion
New opportunities will emerge upon further research for larger-scale translation once normative data and recognition of biomarkers of abnormality are ascertained.
Shifting Tides Toward a Proactive Patient-Centered Approach in Dysphagia Management of Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Rogus-Pulia Nicole M. , Plowman Emily K. 
Published: July 2020

PurposePersons with neurodegenerative disease frequently develop comorbid dysphagia as part of their disease process. Current “reactive” approaches to dysphagia management address dysphagia once it manifests clinically and consist of compensatory approaches. The purpose of this article is to propose a paradigm shift in dysphagia management of patients with neurodegenerative disease from a “reactive to proactive” approach by highlighting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and dementia as case examples.MethodThe authors present several areas of special consideration for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) treating dysphagia in patients with neurodegenerative disease. The drawbacks of historical “reactive” approaches to dysphagia management are described. Concepts of functional reserve for swallowing and homeostenosis are discussed. A “proactive” patient-centered paradigm of care for these patients is proposed with evidence to support its importance. A rationale for use of this approach in patients with ALS and dementia is provided with strategies for implementation.ResultsWhen treating dysphagia in patients with neurodegenerative disease, SLPs must balance a variety of factors in their decision making, including disease severity and expected progression, cultural considerations, goals of care, patient empowerment, and caregiver support. Reactive approaches to dysphagia management in these populations are problematic in that they disempower patients by focusing on use of compensatory techniques (e.g., diet modification, postural changes, feeding tube placement). Proactive approaches that employ rehabilitative interventions to increase functional reserve, such as resistance training, may result in improvement or maintenance of swallowing function longer into disease progression. An interdisciplinary team with early SLP involvement is necessary.ConclusionsSLPs play a critical role in the management of dysphagia in patients with neurodegenerative disease and should be integrated early in the care of these patients. By focusing on a proactive patient-centered approach, patients with neurodegenerative conditions, such as ALS and dementia, will experience improved quality of life and health outcomes for a longer time.
Intraarticular Osteoid Osteoma: MRI Characteristics and Clinical Presentation Before and After Radiofrequency Ablation Compared to Extraarticular Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: Germann Thomas , Weber Marc-André , Lehner Burkhard , Kintzele Laurent , Burkholder Iris , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Rehnitz Christoph 
Published: July 2020

Purpose To determine MRI characteristics and the clinical presentation of intraarticular osteoid osteomas (OO) before and after treatment with CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) compared with extraarticular osteoid osteomas.Materials and Methods In a retrospective study, n = 21 patients with an intraarticular OO were matched with a control group of n = 21 patients with an extraarticular OO at a comparable anatomical position. All patients underwent CT-guided RFA and preinterventional MRI. In n = 31 cases, follow-up MR imaging was available. MR images were analyzed for morphologic features: effusion and synovitis, bone marrow edema (BME), soft tissue edema, periosteal reaction as well as T1 / T2 signal and contrast enhancement of the nidus. Recorded clinical parameters included the initial diagnosis, the course of pain symptoms after RFA and the incidence of complications.Results The nidus was detectable in all patients on MRI. BME had the highest sensitivity in both intra- and extraarticular OO (100 %). Effusion and synovitis were only observed in the intraarticular OO group (n = 21) with a perfect sensitivity and specificity (100 %) and a high negative predictive value (85 %). Soft tissue edema was significantly more present in patients with intraarticular OO (p = 0.0143). No significant differences were present regarding periosteal reaction, T1/T2 signal and contrast enhancement of the nidus (p > 0.05). BME, contrast enhancement, soft tissue edema, periosteal reaction, effusion and synovitis, if preexisting, always decreased after RFA. In 66.7 % of patients with intraarticular OO, a false initial diagnosis was made (extraarticular: 19 %). All patients were free of pain after intervention. Complications following the RFA procedure did not occur.Conclusion MRI demonstrates the nidus and thus the OO in all cases regardless of the location. The characteristic MRI morphology of an intraarticular OO includes synovitis and joint effusion, which are always present and differentiate with perfect sensitivity/specificity from an extraarticular OO. In both intra- and extraarticular OOs pathologic MRI changes at least decreased or completely normalized and the clinical results after RFA were excellent.Key Points: Citation Format
The NanoAOD event data format in CMS
Authors: Peruzzi Marco , Petrucciani Giovanni , Rizzi Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
NanoAOD is an event data format that has recently been commissioned by the CMS Collaboration. It only includes high level physics object information and is about 20 times more compact than the MiniAOD format. NanoAOD can be easily customised for development activities and supports automated data analysis workflows. The current status and perspectives of NanoAOD design and implementation are reviewed.
Deep generative models for fast shower simulation in ATLAS
Authors: Ghosh Aishik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The need for large scale and high fidelity simulated samples for the ATLAS experiment motivates the development of new simulation techniques. Building on the recent success of deep learning algorithms at interpolation as well as image generation, Variational Auto-Encoders and Generative Adversarial Networks are investigated for modeling the response of the electromagnetic calorimeter for photons in a central calorimeter region over a range of energies. The synthesized showers are compared to showers from a full detector simulation using Geant4. This study demonstrates the potential of using such algorithms for fast calorimeter simulation for the ATLAS experiment in the future.
Machine Learning approach to boosting neutral particles identifcation in the LHCb calorimeter
Authors: Boldyrev A , Chekalina V , Ratnikov F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a new approach to identifcation of boosted neutral particles using Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) of the LHCb detector. The identifcation of photons and neutral pions is currently based on the geometric parameters which characterise the expected shape of energy deposition in the calorimeter. This allows to distinguish single photons in the electromagnetic calorimeter from overlapping photons produced from high momentum π0 decays. The novel approach proposed here is based on applying machine learning techniques to primary calorimeter information, that are energies collected in individual cells around the energy cluster. This method allows to improve separation performance of photons and neutral pions and has no signifcant energy dependence.
Machine Learning for Muon Identification at LHCb
Authors: Kazeev N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Particle identification is a key ingredient of most of LHCb results. Muon identification in particular is used at every stage of the LHCb trigger. The objective of the muon identification is to distinguish muons from charged hadrons under strict timing constraints. For this task, we use a state-of-the-art gradient boosting algorithm trained with real background-subtracted data. In this proceedings we present the algorithm along with the evaluation of its performance on signal and background rejection.
Road to glory or highway to hell? Global road access and climate change mitigation
Authors: Wenz Leonie , Weddige Ulf , Jakob Michael , Steckel Jan Christoph 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Transportation infrastructure is considered a key factor for economic development and poverty alleviation. The United Nations have explicitly included the provision of transport infrastructure access, e.g. through all-season road access, in their Sustainable Development Goal agenda (SDGs, target 9.1). Yet, little is known about the number of people lacking access to roads worldwide, the costs of closing existing access gaps and the implications of additional roads for other sustainability concerns such as climate change mitigation (SDG-13). Here we quantify, for 250 countries and territories, the percentage of population without road access in 2 km. We find that infrastructure investments required to provide quasi-universal road access are about USD 3 trillion. We estimate that the associated cumulative CO2 emissions from construction work and additional traffic until the end of the century amount to roughly 16 Gt. Our geographically explicit global analysis provides a starting point for refined regional studies and for the quantification of further environmental and social implications of SDG-9.1.
Towards a web service for rapid landslide mapping based on Copernicus data
Authors: Albrecht F , Hölbling D , Weinke E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Timely available landslide information is highly valuable for organizing emergency response activities and infrastructure restoration. The collection process for landslide information can benefit from the use of Earth observation (EO) data because they are capable of sensing potentially affected areas quickly and comprehensively. Challenges for an EO-based rapid landslide mapping service lie in developing a reliable and fast information provision process and in appropriate integration of landslide information products in the workflows and working environment of first responders. Our gap analysis for a developed pre-operational web service for EO-based landslide mapping identified a need to implement new components to meet these requirements. These comprise better linkage to the Copernicus data hub, increasing the degree of automation in the landslide information extraction process with machine learning technologies, and improving and testing user interaction with the service.
Long-term influence of anthropogenic activities in the coastal ecosystems in China
Authors: Chu Lixia , Oloo Francis , Blaschke Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In China, human activities like reclamation have increased at the unprecedented speed in the coastal areas in the last few decades. These activities can support economic development and also can reduce the benefits that could be accrued from the coastal ecosystems. Assessing and monitoring of the human-induced changes in the coastal areas requires efficient and multi-variate analysis of long-term earth observation data from different sources. In this research, we quantify the potential linkage between anthropogenic footprints and coastal vegetation change and also with changes in land surface temperature. The computation is implemented in Google Earth Engine (GEE), and the results from this work highlight the potential hot and cold spots of human-induced degradation of coastal ecosystems.
Innovation journey of the Digital Earth Node (DEN): Experiences, ideas and future opportunities
Authors: Desha C , Perez-Mora L , Caldera S , Fukui H , Naidoo C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is an increasing need for readily-accessible virtual meeting spaces to connect decision-makers from different geographic locations and share spatial data for timely decision making. This paper presents the journey to date in pre-totyping and prototyping a Digital Earth Node’ (DEN) remote, immersive collaboration space to support learning, creating, and developing spatial capabilities, including the core one-touch “all-in” feature. It describes the innovative digital collaboration method that creates a high-trust, private and fast experience that makes accessibility of multiple data sets and monitors possible over low bandwidth mobile networks. This uncovers opportunities for field applications that include mobile vehicle data centres with modular mobile bandwidth leverage, creating a high redundancy network and large-scale collaboration offering. The authors discuss insights into improved decision-making and integrated policies, including the potential for programs that support engagement and collaboration between government, industry and academic researchers globally. The findings have implications to solve challenges from immediate disaster response and recovery, to planning for resilient communities, built environments and supporting infrastructure.
Defnition of Digital Earth and main conundrum of cartography
Authors: Eremchenko E , Tikunov V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The issue of creating a typology of the entire variety of geospatial information systems is considered, and appropriate tools are proposed. The necessity of defning Digital Earth as a special class is justifed. This new class has special properties that can be used in creating an intensional defnition of the Digital Earth.
The Network of Resources - facilitating a simplified and efficient exploitation of EO data in cloud environments
Authors: Hochleitner Maria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As a combination of exploitation and processing platforms, the Network of Resources will support the user in procuring services and outsourcing requirements while increasing integration of EO data and information for a broader use, for scientific, social and economic purposes, as well as for the generation of new commercial applications and services. Selected as prime contractor by ESA, Cloudeo will create a portfolio of available EO resource tier and platform services and act as a facilitator to the “Network of Resources” for both providers and end users.