bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЛЕЖНОГО ВИКОНАННЯ СУДОВИХ РІШЕНЬ ЩОДО СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ: ДЕРЖАВНО-УПРАВЛІНСЬКИЙ ВИМІР
Authors: Товмасян Артур 
Published: January 2021

Належне виконання судових рішень є виявом довіри до органів державної влади, а також однією з умов взаємовигідної співпраці суб’єктів господарювання. Узагальнення даних офіційної статистики, матеріалів соціологічних досліджень, змісту дисертаційних робіт і публікацій у фахових виданнях за даною проблематикою дозволяє стверджувати про наявність як фрагментарних, так і комплексних досліджень, спрямованих на виявлення причин доволі низької результативності державного управління виконання судових рішень щодо суб’єктів господарювання в Україні. Загалом невтішна ситуація обумовлена наявністю декількох проблем, які істотною мірою ускладнюють умови забезпечення економічної безпеки як окремих суб’єктів господарювання, так і територій загалом. Для вирішення чи, принаймні, мінімізації негативного впливу проблем, потрібнечітке розуміння їх специфіки, а тому доречною вбачається вдосконалена класифікація проблем, що унеможливлюють забезпечення належного рівня результативності державного управління виконанням судових рішень щодо суб’єктів господарювання в Україні залежно від масштабу, особи позивача, особи відповідача, специфіки позову, економічного становища позивача, етапу примусового виконання судових рішень щодо суб’єктів господарювання, сфери застосування відповідних механізмів державного. Пропонована класифікація не містить вичерпного їх переліку, оскільки на тлі вирішення «старих», цілком ймовірна поява «нових» проблем. Запропонованакласифікація має доповнити методологію державного управління, а її використання дозволить більш системно підходити до розробки конкретних рекомендацій по усуненню наявних проблем у цій царині. Подальші наукові розвідки за даною проблематикою мають бути спрямовані на розробку для підрозділів Державної виконавчої служби та приватних виконавців практичних рекомендацій, що передбачають вдосконалення наявних і запровадження нових механізмів взаємодії у ланцюгу «державний/приватний виконавець – позивач – відповідач» як запоруки підвищенню довіри до ситеми виконання судових рішень, й (що більш важливо) покращенню умов для ведення легального бізнесу.
DISTRIBUSI DENTIN TERSIER PADA PUNCAK PULPA GIGI MOLAR MANDIBULA YANG ATRISI AKIBAT MENYIRIH
Authors: Yendriwati Yendriwati , Lindawati Yumi , Nababan Rahmat Setiadi 
Published: January 2021

Dentin tersier adalah jaringan yang dibentuk sebagai respon yang terlokalisasi terhadap stimulus eksternal yang kuat dalam penggunaan gigi geligi. Atrisi akibat pengunyahan yang cepat dan berlebihan seperti menyirih akan memicu odontoblast-like cell membentuk dentin tersier. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi dentin tersier yang terbentuk pada gigi penyirih di setiap puncak pulpa yaitu mesio lingual, linguodistal, bukomesial, bukodistal dan fisur, melihat perbedaan distribusi dentin tersier di setiap bagian puncak pulpa dan distribusi dentin tersier yang terbentuk berdasarkan derajat atrisi gigi. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional, dengan melakukan observasi pada 11 gigi molar satu atau molar dua rahang bawah untuk melihat dentin tersier yang terbentuk pada gigi penyirih yang mengalami atrisi. Sampel ditanam kedalam dental stone sampai sepertiga akar gigi, dibelah secara vertikal menggunakan diamond bur disc dari arah mahkota gigi sampai ke batas dental stone. Sampel diobservasi dan difoto menggunakan mikroskop Olympus SZX16 yang dilengkapi kamera dan terintegrasi dengan komputer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dentin tersier ditemukan pada setiap puncak pulpa gigi yang mengalami atrisi dengan distribusi pada bagian linguomesial 90%, linguodistal 72,8%, bukomesial 100%, bukodistal 100%, dan fisur 90,9%. Distribusi persentase dentin yang terbentuk lebih banyak ditemukan pada atrisi derajat 2 (100%) dibandingkan atrisi derajat 1. Sebagai kesimpulan, dentin tersier terbentuk pada seluruh puncak pulpa bagian bukal gigi yang mengalami atrisi dan semakin parah atrisi yang terjadi dentin tersier yang terbentuk semakin kompleks.
PERBEDAAN KADAR INTERLEUKIN-1β SALIVA ANTARA PENDERITA MYOFASCIAL PAIN DENGAN DISC DISPLACEMENT SENDI TEMPOROMANDIBULA
Authors: Rafni Elita , Yanwirasti Yanwirasti , Darwin Eriyati , Rikmasari Rasmi 
Published: January 2021

Gangguan sendi temporomandibula dapat terjadi karena peradangan neurogenik yang banyak melibatkan sitokin. Pada penderita gangguan sendi temporomandibula dengan keluhan nyeri ditemukan adanya substansi algogenik prostaglandin dan lukotrien sebagai mediator nyeri dan inflamasi. Prostaglandin berasal dari asam arakidonat yang berubah menjadi PGE2 karena aktivitas Cox2 yang diinduksi oleh sitokin IL-1β. Saliva merupakan cairan yang mengandung hormon, antibodi, konstituent mikroba, dan sitokin seperti yang terdapat dalam darah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan kadar IL-1β pada penderita myofascial pain dan disc displacement sendi temporomandibula. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional comparative. Variabel dependen dan independen diperiksa secara bersamaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Poliklinik Prostodonsia Rumah Sakit Arifin Ahmad Pekanbaru dan Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas Padang. Pemeriksaan sampel saliva dilakukan pada 37 penderita myofascial pain dan 37 penderita disc displacement. Kadar IL-1β diperiksa dengan Elisa dan data dianalisis dengan t test. Berdasarkan uji statistik Kolmogorov Smirnov ditemukan bahwa data terdistribusi normal baik pada kelompok gender (p =0,772) maupun kelompok umur (p =1,000). Rerata nilai kadar IL-1β penderita myofascial pain adalah 0,22 ± 0,18 nm/L dan penderita disc displacement adalah 0,57 ± 0,45 nm/L. Hasil analisis t-test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kadar IL-1β saliva yang signifikan antara penderita myofascial pain dan disc displacement p =0,01 (p<0,05). Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa kadar IL-1β lebih tinggi pada disc displacement dibandingkan myofascial pain.
PERBEDAAN LAJU ALIRAN DAN pH SALIVA PADA PASIEN DENGAN PIRANTI ORTODONTI CEKAT DAN TANPA PIRANTI ORTODONTI PADA MAHASISWA FKG USU
Authors: Erliera Erliera , Nurdiana Nurdiana , Triastuti Maya Indah 
Published: January 2021

Saliva merupakan salah satu komponen penting yang berperan dalam melindungi jaringan di dalam rongga mulut. Namun, setiap individu memiliki laju aliran dan pH saliva yang berbeda-beda karena dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor salah satunya terhadap stimulus mekanis seperti pada pemakaian pesawat ortodonti cekat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan laju aliran dan pH saliva pasien dengan piranti ortodonti cekat dan tanpa piranti ortodonti pada mahasiswa FKG USU. Jenis penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling dan sampel yang diambil sebesar 44 orang yang terdiri dari 22 orang pemakai piranti ortodonti cekat dan 22 orang bukan pemakai piranti ortodonti. Pengumpulan saliva dilakukan dengan metode passive drool. Perbandingan laju aliran saliva antara kedua kelompok dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann – Whitney U dan perbandingan pH saliva dengan menggunakan uji-t independent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju aliran saliva tertinggi sebesar 1,16 ml/menit dan pH saliva tertinggi sebesar 7,60 terdapat pada pasien pemakai piranti ortodonti cekat dan laju aliran terendah 0,08 ml/menit dan pH saliva terendah 6,40 pada pasien tanpa piranti ortodonti cekat. Sebagai kesimpulan, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan untuk laju aliran dan pH saliva antara pasien dengan piranti ortodonti cekat dengan pasien tanpa piranti ortodonti (p<0,05), dimana laju aliran dan pH saliva pada pasien dengan piranti ortodonti cekat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien tanpa piranti ortodonti.
RESPONS IMUN PADA KARIES DAN PERAN ODONTOBLAST DALAM RESPONS IMUN
Authors: Octiara Essie 
Published: January 2021

Karies yang tidak dirawat akan dapat berlanjut ke dentin, dan mayoritas ditemukan bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif pada kavitas gigi. Difusi bakteri patogen melalui produk toksin bakteri akan masuk ke dalam tubulus dentin sehingga menyebabkan inflamasi pulpa dan reaksi imun pada pulpa gigi. Kompleks pulpa-dentin mampu menginisiasi respons imun alamiah (innate) dan adaptif, yang bekerja pada proses awal invasi karies moderat.Tujuan ulasan ini adalah untuk membicarakan tentang respons imun terhadap karies dan peran odontoblast dalam respons imun pulpa gigi. Literatur menunjukkan peran odontoblasts dalam meregulasi respons imun pulpa gigi dan respons inflamasi terhadap bakteri kariogenik. Odontoblast berpartisipasi dalam sensing patogen oleh toll-like receptors (TLR 2 mendeteksi LTA; TLR 4 mendeteksi LPS), memproduksi kemokin (contoh CCL2 dan CXCL10), dan sitokin (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6). Odontoblast juga memproduksi peptida antimikroba (β-defensin), dan juga mengekspresikan berbagai integrin yang berfungsi sebagai signaling dalam meregulasi proses perbaikan pada saat mendapatkan injuri. Disimpulkan bahwa odontoblast berperan dalam mendeteksi patogen yang masuk ke tubuli dentin selama proses karies dan sebagai pemicu imun respons pada jaringan pulpa.
Monosodium glutamate administration early in life alters pineal melatonin nocturnal profile in adulthood
Authors: Garcia Janaína B , Do Amaral Fernanda G , Buonfiglio Daniela C , Vendrame Rafaela FA , Alves Patrícia L , De Paulo Maria Eliza F , Scialfa Julieta H , Da Silveira Paulo F , Cipolla-Neto José , Afeche Solange C 
Published: January 2021

The pineal gland synthesizes melatonin exclusively at night, which gives melatonin the characteristic of a temporal synchronizer of the physiological systems. Melatonin is a regulator of insulin activities centrally and also peripherally and its synthesis is reduced in diabetes. Since monosodium glutamate (MSG) is often used to induce the type 2 diabetic and metabolic syndrome in animal models, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the potential effects of MSG given to neonates on the pineal melatonin synthesis in different aged male and female rats. Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with MSG (4mg/g/day) or saline solution (0.9%) from the second to eighth post-natal day. The circadian profiles both melatonin levels and AANAT activity were monitored at different ages. Body weight, naso-anal length, adipose tissues weight, GTT, ITT and serum insulin levels were also evaluated. Typical obesity with the neonatal MSG treatment was observed, indicated by a great increase in adipose depots without a concurrent increase in body weight. MSG treatment did not cause hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance, but induced insulin resistance. An increase of melatonin synthesis at ZT 15 with phase advance was observed in in some animals. The AANAT activity was positively parallel to the melatonin circadian profile. It seems that MSG causes hypothalamic obesity which may increase AANAT activity and melatonin production in pineal gland. These effects were not temporally correlated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia indicating the hypothalamic lesions, particularly in arcuate nucleus induced by MSG in early age, as the principal cause of the increase in melatonin production.
A Taxonomy of Australian and New Zealand Paramedic Clinical Roles
Authors: Wilkinson-Stokes Matt 
Published: January 2021

Introduction This article aims to summarise and categorise the current types of frontline paramedics in Australia and New Zealand, their relative scopes of practice, their qualifications and training, and the titles used in each jurisdictional ambulance service. Methods Each of the 10 jurisdictional ambulance services were contacted and their current clinical roles discussed with a manager or senior paramedic between June and October 2020. Information was summarised in tables and text. Results Minimum qualifications for paramedics range from a diploma to an undergraduate degree, with graduate programs ranging from six to 18 months’ duration. Additional minimum qualifications for Extended Care Paramedics range from no minimum qualifications to a nursing degree. Additional minimum qualifications for Intensive Care Paramedics range from no minimum qualifications to a postgraduate diploma. Additional minimum qualifications for Retrievalists range from no minimum qualifications to a master degree. Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) teams range from primarily physician-led in four services to autonomous paramedics in five services. Armed offender paramedics exist in four services; urban search and rescue paramedics exist in five services; wilderness paramedics exist in five services; CBRNE paramedics exist in three services; mental health paramedics exist in three services. Special Operations variously refers to HEMS, USAR, CBRNE or armed offender. Critical Care variously refers to Intensive Care, HEMS in a physician-led team and autonomous HEMS. Advanced life support refers to paramedics and intensive care. Rescue Paramedic refers to road crash extrication or wilderness paramedics. Flight Paramedic refers to Paramedics or Intensive Care Paramedics, either HEMS or fixed wing. Conclusion The jurisdictional ambulance services are heterogenous in the structure, qualifications, training and terminology for their frontline paramedic roles. Due to this lack of consistency, roles for paramedics in Australasia are currently largely incomparable between services, rendering shared titles inoperable from intranational and international perspectives.
ANALISIS FITOKIMIA DAN UJI POTENSI EKSTRAK BUAH RENGGAK (Amomum Dealbatum) SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP JAMUR Pyricularia Oryzae DAN BAKTERI Xanthomonas oryzae
Authors: Nufus Novita Hidayatun 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the potency of Renggak (Amomum dealbatum) extract as bio pesticide against Pyricularia oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae. Therefore an in vitro of antifungal and antibacterial activity of the Renggak ethanol extract were carried out against Pyricularia oeyzae and Xanthomonas oryzae. In vitro antifungal analysis were done using agar diffusing method by dissolving Renggak extract (1%, 5%, and 10%) into fungal medium and the growth of Pyricularia oryzae were observed. In vitro antibacterial analysis were complited using agar diffusing method with paper disk that contain Renggak extract (10%, 20%, and 30%) and antibiotic chloroamfenikol as positive control. The result suggest that Renggak fruit extract has antifungal and antibacterial activities. The treatment with 10% Renggak extract could inhibit the growth of Pyricularia oryzae to 100%, same with positive control (Fungicide Score-250). In vitro test for antibacterial activity showed that treatments with 20% and 30% Renggak extract gave inhibitory activities that similar with positive control. Renggak ethanol extract gave positive results on Flavonoid, Alkaloid, Steroid, Terpenoid, and Saponin tests. GC-MS assays showed that Renggak ethanol extract produces at least 10 organic compounds that was identified as 2-butanone, 4-methoxypheyl, Benzenepropanoic-aci, 4-hydroxyphenil, CAS, octadecanoid acid, stearic acid, palmiti acid, Benzenepropanoic acid, dan Farnesol isomer A, which have antimicrobial avtivities.
IDENTIFIKASI RUMPUT LAUT (Seaweed) DI PERAIRAN PANTAI CEMARA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR SEBAGAI DASAR PENYUSUNAN BROSUR BAGI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Hamdan Kasim Muhammad Sopiandi , Harisanti Baiq Muli , Imran Ali 
Published: January 2021

This study was aimed to determine the identification of macroalgae species in Cemara Beach, Jerowaru District, East Lombok Regency, as the basis for developing biodiversity brochure for public. This is a descriptive explorative research with sampling technique devided into 4 transects: 1) transect I was in the litoral zone with water conditions that were still quite natural because of lack of influence from the residents; 2) transect II was located in litoral zone near the residential area; 3) transect III was placed in the neritic zone with relatively natural area; and 4) while the transect IV is placed which have same zone as the transect III, but difference by the aquatic environment was directly affected by human activities around the coast. Identification of macroalgae was carried out by in-situ method. Community structure of macroalgae were analyzed using the Shanon-Wiener formula. Based on the results there were found 15 species of macroalgae belonging to the three main divisions namely: Rhodophyta (Red Algae); Phaeophyta (Brown Algae); and Chlorophyta (Green Algae). Based on the results of the validation (graphics, materials, and grammar) by the validator team, concluded that the seaweed diversity brochure was very well qualified without revised so that it was categorized very good for dissemination to public.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Kimia Berbasis PBL (Problem Based Learning) untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Generik Sains Siswa
Authors: Mashami Ratna Azizah , Khaeruman Khaeruman 
Published: January 2021

Most of the students had difficultyin understanding the concept of chemistry which is abstract and cannot connect the concepts studied with the phenomena in everyday life.This is because the instructional media and learning models used by the teacher do not pay attention to submicroscopic representations and do not link chemistry with the environment around students.This study aims to develop Chemical Interactive Multimedia (CIM) based on PBL (Problem Based Learning) to improve students' Generic Science Skills (GSS). PBL-based CIM was developed on the concept of salt hydrolysis in a tutorial format. This study was a Research and Development using the ADDIE design. The research procedure consists of five stages, namely Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The PBL-based CIM effectiveness test against the GSS of MA Darul Habibi NW Paok Tawah students was carried out at the implementation stage using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The instrument used was in the form of a questionnaire to obtain eligibility data and student responses, as well as a description test to obtain KGS data. CIM based on PBL feasibility data will be analyzed using a five-scale absolute norm, student responses were analyzed descriptively, and GSS data were analyzed using a normalized gain score (N-gain). The validation results show that PBL-based MIK has an average score of 92% which means it was very feasible.The limited trial of 12 students stated that PBL-based CIM met the aspects of appearance, readability, language, and ease of use very well.The results of PBL-based CIM trials in learning can increase students' GSS which is indicated by an average N-gain score of 58% in the moderate category.Therefore, it can be concluded that PBL-based MIK was successfully developed in the very feasible category and could improve students' GSS.
THE USE OF EDMODO IN ESP CLASSROOM: A STUDY ON STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION AND CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
Authors: Hoesny Mariana Ulfah , Cahyani Hilda , Aziz Imam Nur 
Published: January 2021

This study was aimed at investigating the use of Edmodo, an online learning platform in a Garuda Maintenance Facility class in Electronic Engineering study program of State Polytechnic of Malang. In addition, students’ perception toward the use of Edmodo was also explored to find out the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of Edmodo. This study also investigated teacher’s activities that have been done via Edmodo. The activities done by students via Edmodo are presented in the result of this study to inspire other teachers about how to use Edmodo effectively. This study was a case study since it described and analyzed a group in a classroom setting to gain understanding through activities done in the classroom. Survey and interviews were used to collect the data about students’ perception and the description of classroom activities. The results showed that students had positive perceptions towards the use of Edmodo since it accomodated their need to apply technology in their learning. In addition, it could also encourage shy students who tended to be discouraged when interacted and participated without the aid of online tool in the classroom. Students also mentioned some obstacles encountered during the use of Edmodo such as slow internet connection and limited data package that was needed to connect to the internet. However, it can be concluded that the implementation of Edmodo in GMF class gained positive response. In addition, students also appreciated various activities conducted via Edmodo. It can be added that Edmodo as a learning platform is not only used to replace lecturer’s absence, but it can accomodate various learning activities that can increase communication skills in English.
Non-governmental organizations social-economic security partnership policy
Authors: Sapiński Aleksander , Sanetra-Półgrabi Sabina , Nastuła Anna 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to present the importance of NGO partnerships within civil society. The idea of partnership has become a megatrend in the modern world, which seems to permeate various areas of social, economic, military and even family life. There are three main values that form the foundation of NGO partnerships in the field of security: trust, cooperation and reciprocity. Building pro-social concepts in the area of security, which will be embedded in a model based on the above-mentioned values. They are a supported search of the literature and practice of the plane for due development of new concepts, but also a place for open minds. It can therefore be concluded that the NGO acts as a bridge in the structure of the socioeconomic security system. Creating and enabling organizations to connect and enable them to achieve specific tasks and goals also creates new conditions for improving partnership networks. The organization of research work for the following text was based on the analysis of legal acts related to the objectives of sustainable development, the literature on the subject and documents resulting from the practice of economic life
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Pengguna Kartu Automatic Teller Machine
Authors: Syahril Muh. Akbar Fhad 
Published: January 2021

asyarakat kini sudah diperkenalkan dengan berbagai macam kemudahan. Jasa yang diberikan oleh pihak perbankan tentunya juga sangat berperan penting didalamnya, selain memberikan kemudahan ternyata hal tersebut juga mempunyai kelemahan-kelemahan yang secara tidak langsung akan merugikan nasabah pengguna jasa dan perbankan yang memberikan pelayanan jasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana tanggung jawab dan perlindungan hukum terhadap nasabah pada transaksi Automatic Teller Machine dan upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh nasabah pengguna kartu Automatic Teller Machine dalam memperoleh hak-haknya apabila terjadi kerugian dalam penggunaan Automatic Teller Machine. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian normatif yuridis, yakni penelitian yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan pada norma atau substansi hukum, asas hukum, dalil-dalil hukum dan perbandingan hukum, dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual yang merupakan suatu jenis pendekatan di dalam penelitian hukum yang memberi sudut pandang analisa terhadap penyelesaian permasalahan dalam penelitian hukum, yang dilihat dari aspek dan konsep-konsep hukum yang melatarbelakanginya, bahkan bisa jugaÂ dilihat dari nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam penormaan sebuah peraturan yang sekaitan dengan konsep-konsep yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bank bertanggung jawab penuh terhadap kesalahan yang mengakibatkan kerugian terhadap nasabah. Dan upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan yakni melakukan pengaduan yang dilakukan secara tertulis yang disampaikan kepada bank.