bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary fibres on gut microbial metabolites and liver lipid metabolism in growing pigs
Authors: Hu Yaolian , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Yan Hui , Zheng Ping , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , He Jun , Huang Zhiqing , Luo Yuheng , Luo Junqiu , Zhang Xianghui , Luo Luhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with wheat bran fibre, inulin and their combination on growth performance, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in caecum and colon and liver lipid metabolism in growing pigs. A total of 48 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire cross‐bred growing pigs (73 ± 2 days of age; 24.37 ± 2.86 kg) were allocated to four groups randomly, each group consisting of six pens with two pigs each. The pigs were fed a control diet (CON), a diet containing 2% wheat bran fibre (WB), a diet containing 2% inulin (IN), and a diet containing both of 1% wheat bran fibre and 1% inulin (MIX), respectively. The trial lasted for 28 days. The results showed that MIX fed pigs had a higher percentage of fat in the liver than those fed the CON (p < .05). IN, WB or MIX feeding decreased the concentrations of acetate and total SCFAs in colon compared with CON (p < .01). Feeding WB or IN also decreased the colonic butyrate concentrations compared with CON (p < .01). However, the serum level of valeric acid was elevated in the IN, WB and MIX group (p < .01). MIX fed pigs tended to have lower levels of propionate in serum than the WB fed pigs (p = .098). MIX feeding enhanced the mRNA expression of lipid synthesis‐related genes in liver compared with CON (p < .05). Feeding IN decreased the expression of bile acids synthesis‐related genes in liver and increased mRNA expression of SCFAs transporter SLC16A1 in colon compared with CON (p < .05). In this study, these data indicated that the combined supplementation of wheat bran fibre and inulin decreased the SCFAs concentrations in the colon, enhanced the genes FAS and HNF‐4α mRNA expression in liver and induced liver lipid accumulation in growing pigs.
No evidence of sexual transmission of HEV among individuals using HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Migueres Marion , Ducours Maïlys , Dimeglio Chloé , Trimoulet Pascale , Abravanel Florence , Delobel Pierre , Cazanave Charles , Izopet Jacques 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigated the seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) who have been exposed to pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV as sexual transmission of HEV has been suggested. A total of 147 PrEP‐using MSM and 147 blood donors matched for sex, age and geographical area were tested for anti‐HEV IgG and IgM. Among them, 135 have been followed for 1 year, at the end of which serological tests for HEV were performed retrospectively on stored samples. Laboratory data on sexual transmitted infections (STIs) and viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A virus (HAV), were collected. Baseline seroprevalence rates in PrEP users were 42.2% (anti‐HEV IgG) and 3.4% (anti‐HEV IgM). Those of the control blood donors were similar (anti‐HEV IgG 43.5% and anti‐HEV IgM 4.1%). There was no incident of HEV infection despite the rates of bacterial STIs (incidence rate (IR) = 46.6%) and HAV infection (IR = 15.8%). Age was the only risk factor associated with anti‐HEV IgG seropositivity at baseline and at the end of follow‐up. Sexual transmission does not seem to be a major route of HEV infection in MSM, unlike HAV.
Bayesian network to predict hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Huang Yun , Li Xiangyong , Zheng Xiaoyan , Tian Xiaolu , Yu Mingxue , Sha Liuping , Liu Yinhui , Chong Yutian , Hao Yuantao , You Xu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is a need for an interpretable, accurate and interactions‐considered model for predicting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance. We aimed to construct a Bayesian network (BN) model using available medical records to predict HBsAg seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and to evaluate the model's performance. This was a case‐control study. A total of 1966 consecutive CHB patients (mean age 39.04 ± 11.23 years) between January 2006 and June 2015 were included. The demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory data and imaging parameters were obtained and used to build a BN model to estimate the probability of HBsAg seroclearance. Baseline serum HBsAg and hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) levels, virological response and HBeAg seroclearance were the most significant predictors of HBsAg seroclearance. The post‐test probability table showed that patients with baseline HBsAg concentrations ≤2000 IU/mL, negative baseline HBeAg, an initial virological response and without HBeAg seroclearance (i.e. no recurrence of HBeAg positivity during follow‐up) were most likely to have HBsAg seroclearance. The constructed BN model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.896 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.892, 0.899), a sensitivity of 0.840 (95% CI: 0.833, 0.846), a specificity of 0.880 (95% CI: 0.876, 0.884) and an accuracy of 0.878 (95% CI: 0.874, 0.882) for predicting HBsAg seroclearance. The established BN model accurately estimated the probability of HBsAg seroclearance and is a promising tool to assist clinical decision‐making.
Chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C along with cirrhosis drives a persistent imprint in virus‐specific CD8+ T cells after direct‐acting antiviral therapies
Authors: Perpiñán Elena , Pérez‐Del‐Pulgar Sofía , Londoño María‐Carlota , Mariño Zoe , Lens Sabela , Leonel Thais , Bartres Concepción , García‐López Mireia , Rodriguez‐Tajes Sergio , Forns Xavier , Koutsoudakis George 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection impairs HCV CD8+ T‐cell responses, while it could influence immune responses towards unrelated viruses/vaccines (e.g. cytomegalovirus, CMV, and influenza, Flu). The aim of our study was to delineate whether restoration of these virus‐specific CD8+ T cells occurs after direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapies and particularly in patients with cirrhosis. We performed longitudinal analysis (baseline, week 4, follow‐up [FU] 12 and FU48) of virus‐specific CD8+ T cells by multicolour flow cytometry in HCV‐cirrhotic patients undergoing DAA therapy (n = 26) after in vitro expansion with immunodominant HCV, CMV and Flu epitopes restricted by HLA‐A*02. HCV noncirrhotic patients (n = 9) and healthy individuals (n = 10) served as controls. We found that the proliferative capacity of HCV‐specific CD8+ T cells increased from baseline up to FU48 in a significant proportion of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients. Nevertheless, these cells remained poor cytokine producers in both patient groups, regardless of the down‐regulation of inhibitory co‐regulatory receptors in HCV‐cirrhotic patients at FU48. Likewise, high expression levels of these exhaustion markers were detected in CMV‐/Flu‐specific CD8+ T cells in HCV‐cirrhotic patients at all time points, albeit without affecting their proliferative capacity or cytokine production. We conclude that DAA therapies induce restoration of the proliferative capacity of HCV‐specific CD8+ T cells. However, these cells remain phenotypically and functionally impaired. Contrarily, the ‘exhausted’ phenotype in CMV‐/Flu‐specific CD8+ T cells in HCV‐cirrhotic patients did not associate with their functions. Larger studier with longer follow‐up may elucidate whether this complex interplay influences the outcome of cirrhotic patients.
Disease burden of viral hepatitis A, B, C and E: A systematic analysis
Authors: Liu Zhenqiu , Shi Oumin , Zhang Tiejun , Jin Li , Chen Xingdong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractViral hepatitis has been recognized as a leading cause of deaths worldwide. We aimed to analyse the disease burden of viral hepatitis at the global, regional and national levels. We collected the data of death number, mortality rate, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of viral hepatitis by sex, age, geography and type of disease from the Global Health Data Exchange platform. Estimated average percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify the age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of viral hepatitis between 1990 and 2017. Globally, the number of deaths from viral hepatitis increased from 980.9 thousand in 1990 to 1412.3 thousand in 2017, accompanying by the DALYs increased from 35.2 million to 43.1 million in the same period. Hepatitis B and C accounted for 97.6% of total viral hepatitis‐related deaths worldwide in 2017. While the death number and DALYs were decreased in acute hepatitis A, B, C and E, a significant increase was found in liver cancer and cirrhosis due to hepatitis B and C. The ASMRs of liver cancer and cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B and C were decreased at the global level and in most regions. However, a significant increase was observed in several developed countries, such as the USA and the UK. The disease burden of viral hepatitis continues to increase worldwide, which was driven by the increase in burden of chronic hepatitis B and C.
Egyptian fruit bats do not preferentially roost with their relatives
Authors: Bachorec E. , Horáček I. , Hulva P. , Konečný A. , Lučan R. K. , Jedlička P. , Shohdi W. M. , Řeřucha Š. , Abi‐Said M. , Bartonička T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRoosts provide bats with place for daytime sheltering, protection from weather and predators, mating, and social interaction. Movements between multiple roosts are often necessary, either due to limited roost life, changes in roost conditions or demands at different times of the year. Information transfer is an important contributor to day‐roosting behaviour and typically exhibits non‐random social assortment dynamics. Some individuals appear to explore and share roost discoveries more often than others, though it remains unclear whether associations are stronger between close relatives than less related individuals. In the present study, network analysis, in combination with genetic and spatial data, was used to explore the roosting behaviour of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) within an isolated deme. Our results showed that the roosts had distinct core–periphery structure. The core of the winter roost network was represented by only two roosts, while in spring, the season of food scarcity, the core was represented by multiple roosts, suggesting their potential role as centres, where information about roosts and foraging sites is exchanged. We found no relationship between relatedness and roost sharing over two seasons. These results provide strong support that Egyptian fruit bats do not roost preferentially with relatives, in contrast to many animal populations where individuals preferentially associate with kin.
Mass mortality of the fan mussel, Pinna nobilis in Turkey (eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: Öndes Fikret , Alan Vahit , Akçalı Barış , Güçlüsoy Harun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study reported the mass mortality events (MMEs) of Pinna nobilis based on diving surveys in Turkey. Data were collected across 12 sites in the Aegean Sea, and one site in the Sea of Marmara, within the period of June‐September 2019. The results showed that a low mortality rate of 10% was found in the Sea of Marmara, and a MME was not detected for this area. In contrast, 97% mortality was recorded for the P. nobilis population distributed in the Turkish Aegean Sea. This discrepancy might be related to the seawater temperature and salinity values of these two seas. The waters of the Sea of Marmara were colder and less salty than the Aegean Sea. The findings highlighted the importance of protecting the healthy population of critically endangered fan mussels in the Sea of Marmara. It was recommended that sound management plans comprising of monitoring, enforcement and public awareness activities could be implemented in order to achieve this.
Evolution of putative barrier loci at an intermediate stage of speciation with gene flow in campions (Silene)
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Glémin Sylvain , Karrenberg Sophie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the origin of new species is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Diverging lineages often evolve highly heterogeneous patterns of genetic differentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated evolutionary processes governing genetic differentiation between the hybridizing campions Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. and S. latifolia Poiret. Demographic modelling indicated that the two species diverged with gene flow. The best‐supported scenario with heterogeneity in both migration rate and effective population size suggested that a small proportion of the loci evolved without gene flow. Differentiation (F
ST) and sequence divergence (d
XY) were correlated and both tended to peak in the middle of most linkage groups, consistent with reduced gene flow at highly differentiated loci. Highly differentiated loci further exhibited signatures of selection. In between‐species population pairs, isolation by distance was stronger for genomic regions with low between‐species differentiation than for highly differentiated regions that may contain barrier loci. Moreover, differentiation landscapes within and between species were only weakly correlated, suggesting that linked selection due to shared recombination and gene density landscapes is not the dominant determinant of genetic differentiation in these lineages. Instead, our results suggest that divergent selection shaped the genomic landscape of differentiation between the two Silene species, consistent with predictions for speciation in the face of gene flow.
Cryptococcal infection in haematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Nematollahi Saman , Dioverti‐Prono Veronica 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis review summarises both the recent and relevant studies about cryptococcal infections in haematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although uncommon in this patient population, this infection carries a high mortality, especially if left untreated. Given the limited data, we draw some conclusions with respect to management from the solid organ transplantation and HIV‐infected literature. Herein, we discuss cryptococcosis with a particular attention to its background, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention in this group.
Insights into the evolutionary history and widespread occurrence of antheridiogen systems in ferns
Authors: Hornych Ondřej , Testo Weston L. , Sessa Emily B. , Watkins James E. , Campany Courtney E. , Pittermann Jarmila , Ekrt Libor 
Published: August 2020

Summary

Sex expression of homosporous ferns is controlled by multiple factors, one being the antheridiogen system. Antheridiogens are pheromones released by sexually mature female fern gametophytes, turning nearby asexual gametophytes precociously male. Nevertheless, not all species respond. It is still unknown how many fern species use antheridiogens, how the antheridiogen system evolved, and whether it is affected by polyploidy and/or apomixis.

We tested the response of 68 fern species to antheridiogens in cultivation. These results were combined with a comprehensive review of literature to form the largest dataset of antheridiogen interactions to date. Analyzed species also were coded as apomictic or sexual and diploid or polyploid.

Our final dataset contains a total of 498 interactions involving 208 species (c. 2% of all ferns). About 65% of studied species respond to antheridiogen. Multiple antheridiogen types were delimited and their evolution is discussed. Antheridiogen responsiveness was not significantly affected by apomixis or polyploidy.

Antheridiogens are widely used by ferns to direct sex expression. The antheridiogen system likely evolved multiple times and provides homosporous ferns with the benefits often associated with heterospory, such as increased rates of outcrossing. Despite expectations, antheridiogens may be beneficial to polyploids and apomicts.
Ageing Workforces, Ill‐health and Multi‐state Labour Market Transitions*
Authors: Harris Mark N. , Zhao Xueyan , Zucchelli Eugenio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe provide novel evidence on the effects of ill‐health on the dynamics of labour state transitions by considering retirement as mobility between full‐time work, part‐time work, self‐employment and inactivity. We employ a dynamic multi‐state model which accounts for state dependence and different types of unobservables. Our model allows for both individual heterogeneity and labour‐state gravity as well as correlations between labour market states. We estimate this model on rich longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. We find that both ill‐health and health shocks greatly increase the probability of leaving full‐time employment and moving into inactivity. Simulated dynamic trajectories suggest larger impacts of long‐term health conditions than those of a one‐off health shock and some evidence of health‐driven retirement pathways via part‐time work and self‐employment. Our findings also indicate that the effects of health changes could be underestimated and the magnitude of true labour market state dependence overestimated if individual effects or labour dynamic transitions are not accounted for in the model.
Chronic inducible urticaria subtypes in children: Clinical features and prognosis
Authors: Bal Fatma , Kahveci Melike , Soyer Ozge , Sekerel Bulent Enis , Sahiner Umit Murat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) is a subtype of chronic urticaria induced by a physical stimulus.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical features, prognostic factors, and natural course of childhood CIndU subtypes.MethodsPatients (1‐18 years old, n = 117) diagnosed with CIndU between March 2011 and March 2019 were analyzed. Patients (n = 101) were re‐evaluated for the status of their CIndU at least 6 months after the initial evaluation.ResultsThe study population comprised of 117 children with a median (inter‐quartile range) age of 10.3 (6‐14.8) years at admission and a male predominance (53%). Symptomatic dermographism was the most common type of CIndU, affecting 65% of the group, followed by cold urticaria and cholinergic urticaria, which affected 17% and 15.4%, respectively. Baseline serum tryptase levels in cholinergic urticaria and cold urticaria were higher than those in symptomatic dermographism [7.0 (3.3‐10.7) μg/L, 4.2 (2.8‐9.3) μg/L, and 2.7 μg/L (1.8‐5.9), respectively; P = .020]. Recovery was observed in 9.6%, 25.3%, and 34.7% of the CIndU children after 12, 36, and 60 months, respectively. Of the patients with symptomatic dermographism, 40% had remission in 5 years, whereas this rate was only one‐fifth in patients with cold urticaria. The worst prognosis was observed in patients with cholinergic urticaria.ConclusionThis study concluded that nearly one‐third of children with CIndU recovered within 5 years and symptomatic dermographism has the best prognosis. Cholinergic urticaria is the CIndU type with the worst prognosis, male dominance, and highest baseline serum tryptase levels.
Bradycardia and asystole during temporomandibular joint reconstruction
Authors: Flannery Kaitlin M. , Yu Jason W. , Resnick Cory M. , Evans Faye M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnesthesia providers are familiar with the oculocardiac reflex, one type of trigeminocardiac reflex. While less common, arrhythmias associated with manipulation of other trigeminal nerve branches can occur. We report the presentation and management of bradycardia and asystole from stimulation of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve during temporomandibular joint reconstruction.
Some Hallucinations Are Experiences of the Past
Authors: Barkasi Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhen you hallucinate an object, you are not in the normal sort of concurrent causal sensory interaction with that object. It's standardly further inferred that the hallucinated object does not actually exist. But the lack of normal concurrent causal sensory interaction does not imply that there does not exist an object that is hallucinated. It might be a past‐perceived object. In this paper, I argue that this claim holds for at least some interesting cases of hallucination. Hallucinations generated by misleading cues (e.g. ‘seeing’ Kanizsa triangles), hallucinations of Charles Bonnet Syndrome patients, and dreams are experiences of past‐perceived objects.
A novel strategy for creating a new system of third‐generation hybrid rice technology using a cytoplasmic sterility gene and a genic male‐sterile gene
Authors: Song Shufeng , Wang Tiankang , Li Yixing , Hu Jun , Kan Ruifeng , Qiu Mudan , Deng Yingde , Liu Peixun , Zhang Licheng , Dong Hao , Li Chengxia , Yu Dong , Li Xinqi , Yuan Dingyang , Yuan Longping , Li Li 
Published: August 2020

SummaryHeterosis utilization is the most effective way to improve rice yields. The cytoplasmic male‐sterility (CMS) and photoperiod/thermosensitive genic male‐sterility (PTGMS) systems have been widely used in rice production. However, the rate of resource utilization for the CMS system hybrid rice is low, and the hybrid seed production for the PTGMS system is affected by the environment. The technical limitations of these two breeding methods restrict the rapid development of hybrid rice. The advantages of the genic male‐sterility (GMS) rice, such as stable sterility and free combination, can fill the gaps of the first two generations of hybrid rice technology. At present, the third‐generation hybrid rice breeding technology is being used to realize the application of GMS materials in hybrid rice. This study aimed to use an artificial CMS gene as a pollen killer to create a smart sterile line for hybrid rice production. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology was used to successfully obtain a CYP703A3‐deficient male‐sterile mutant containing no genetically modified component in the genetic background of indica 9311. Through young ear callus transformation, this mutant was transformed with three sets of element‐linked expression vectors, including pollen fertility restoration gene CYP703A3, pollen‐lethality gene orfH79 and selection marker gene DsRed2. The maintainer 9311‐3B with stable inheritance was obtained, which could realize the batch breeding of GMS materials. Further, the sterile line 9311‐3A and restorer lines were used for hybridization, and a batch of superior combinations of hybrid rice was obtained.