bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do You Have to Reply to This Paper?
Authors: Smilansky Saul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractI explore the question of whether one has to reply to a paper such as this, and consider what a positive answer (in any respect) would teach us. I argue for a qualified Yes. By “reply” I refer to an attempt to write a paper responding to the original one, which addresses (some of) the major claims made in it. I first ask what philosophical papers are for, and note the important role played by replies to them. I consider special obligations to reply to philosophical papers; and the weaker pro tanto obligations that might exist for most professional philosophers. Finally, I consider objections to my claims; and the broader implications if my case is plausible.
Zur Normativität von Praktiken
Authors: Wagenknecht Susann 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Aufsatz widmet sich der Diskussion neuerer praxistheoretischer Ansätze und ihrem Umgang mit Normativität. Wie können Praktiken gerade in und durch ihre Normativität gefasst werden, ohne hinter grundlegende praxistheoretische Positionen zurückzufallen? Im Rückgriff auf Rouse beantwortet der Aufsatz diese Frage mit einem normativen Begriff von Praktiken, der deren Kohärenz nicht über ihre Regelmäßigkeit, sondern über normative Verweiszusammenhänge bestimmt. Mit Bezug zu Schatzki lässt sich zudem die Rolle von expliziten Regeln in jenen Verweiszusammenhängen hervorheben. Die so gewonnene normative Perspektive auf Praktiken kann neuere praxistheoretische Ansätze sowohl in begrifflicher als auch in methodischer Hinsicht ergänzen.
Minimum energy optimal external torque control of human binocular vision
Authors: Ghosh Bijoy K. , Athukorallage Bhagya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider eyes from the human binocular system, that simultaneously gaze on stationary point targets in space, while optimally skipping from one target to the next, by rotating their individual gaze directions. The head is assumed fixed on the torso and the rotating gaze directions of the two eyes are assumed restricted to pass through a point in the visual space. It is further assumed that, individually the rotations of the two eyes satisfy the well known Listing’s law. We formulate and study a combined optimal gaze rotation for the two eyes, by constructing a single Riemannian metric, on the associated parameter space. The goal is to optimally rotate so that the convergent gaze changes between two pre-specified target points in a finite time interval [0, 1]. The cost function we choose is the total energy, measured by the $$L^2$$

L
2

norm, of the six external torques on the binocular system. The torque functions are synthesized by solving an associated ‘two-point boundary value problem’. The paper demonstrates, via simulation, the shape of the optimal gaze trajectory of the focused point of the binocular system. The Euclidean distance between the initial and the final point is compared to the arc-length of the optimal trajectory. The consumed energy, is computed for different eye movement chores and discussed in the paper. Via simulation we observe that certain eye movement maneuvers are energy efficient and demonstrate that the optimal external torque is a linear function in time. We also explore and conclude that splitting an arbitrary optimal eye movement into optimal vergence and version components is not energy efficient although this is how the human oculomotor control seems to operate. Optimal gaze trajectories and optimal external torque functions reported in this paper is new.
A Functional Polymorphism in HIF-3α Is Related to an Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gu Xi-Xi , Tang Zhuan-Zhi , He Yong-Ling , Zeng Zhi-Neng , Shi Wu-Xiang , Qiao Yong-Chao , Wei Ye-Sheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHypoxia-inducible factor-3α (HIF-3α), a member of HIF family, can mediate adaptive responses to low oxygen and ischemia. It is believed that HIF plays crucial roles in stroke-related diseases. However, there are no reports on the association between HIF-3α genetic variants and ischemic stroke (IS) susceptibility. Therefore, we examined the association between HIF-3α gene polymorphisms (rs3826795, rs2235095, and rs3764609) and IS risk. The study population included 302 controls and 310 patients with ischemic stroke. Three polymorphisms in HIF-3α (rs3826795, rs2235095, and rs3764609) were genotyped using SNPscan technique. Our study showed a strong association of rs3826795 in HIF-3α with the risk of IS. The genotype and allele frequencies were shown to differ between the two groups. The rs3826795 in an intron of HIF-3α was related to a prominent increased IS risk (AA vs GG adjusted odd ratio [OR], 2.21; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI], 1.10–4.44; P = 0.03; AA vs AG/GG OR = 1.74, 95% CI, 1.02–2.97, P = 0.04; A vs G OR = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.05–2.07, P = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis suggested that rs3826795 posed a risk factor for IS in addition to common factors. Furthermore, when compared to controls, increased levels of homocysteic acid and level of non-esterified fatty acid were found in the cases (P < 0.01). However, no significant association was found between rs2235095 or rs3264609 and IS risk. These findings indicated that the rs3826795 polymorphism may be a potential target for predicting the risk of IS.
Dolomitization of the Ordovician subsalt Majiagou Formation in the central Ordos Basin, China: fluid origins and dolomites evolution
Authors: Xiong Ying , Wang Li-Chao , Tan Xiu-Cheng , Liu Yun , Liu Ming-Jie , Qiao Zhan-Feng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Middle Ordovician subsalt Majiagou Formation in the Ordos Basin comprises pervasively dolomitized shallow marine limestone and is a major reservoir rich in natural gas resources. Four types of dolomite matrix and cement were identified based on petrographic textures: (very) finely crystalline, non-planar to planar-s matrix dolomite (Md1); finely to medium crystalline, planar-s to planar-e matrix dolomite (Md2); microbialites comprising dolomite microcrystals (Md3); and finely to coarsely crystalline dolomite cement (Cd). The Md1 and Md2 dolomites were controlled by alternating lagoon-shoal facies and have δ13C values (− 1.89 to + 1.45‰ VPDB for Md1, − 1.35 to + 0.42‰ VPDB for Md2) that fall within or are slightly higher than the coeval seawater, suggesting the dolomitizing fluid of evaporated seawater. Md2 dolomite was then subjected to penecontemporaneous karstification by meteoric water and burial recrystallization by sealed brines during diagenesis, as indicated by its relatively lower δ18O values (− 8.89 to − 5.73‰ VPDB) and higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.708920–0.710199). Md3 dolomite comprises thrombolite and stromatolite and is interpreted to form by a combination of initial microbial mediation and later replacive dolomitization related to evaporated seawater. Cd dolomite was associated with early-formed karst system in the Md2 host dolomite. The lowest δ18O values (− 11.78 to − 10.18‰ VPDB) and 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.708688–0.708725) and fluid inclusion data (Th: 123–175 °C) indicate involvement of hydrothermal fluid from which the Cd dolomite precipitated during deep burial. These results reveal the multi-stage dolomitization history of the Majiagou Formation and provide new constraints on fluid origins and dolomites evolution during deep burial in old superimposed basins, such as the Ordos Basin and elsewhere.
The Devonian/Carboniferous boundary interval in Poland: multidisciplinary studies in pelagic (Holy Cross Mountains and Sudetes) and ramp (Western Pomerania) successions
Authors: Matyja Hanna , Woroncowa-Marcinowska Tatiana , Filipiak Paweł , Brański Paweł , Sobień Katarzyna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA multidisciplinary study of the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary interval in pelagic successions of the Holy Cross Mountains and Sudetes and the ramp successions in the Western Pomerania region (Poland) is presented herein. The analysis applies the results of new palaeontological and biostratigraphic studies based mainly on conodonts, ammonoids and palynomorphs, biostratigraphic results interpreted earlier by different authors that have been re-examined, and geochemical and mineralogical characteristics, as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements across the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary interval. The study is focused on the interval from the Famennianultimusconodont Zone to the Tournaisianduplicataconodont Zone, and from the Famennianlepidophyta–explanatus(LE) miospore Zone to the Tournaisianverrucosus–incohatus(VI) miospore Zone, respectively. The paper highlights sections, which are the most representative for the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in each region, illustrates and summarises current knowledge on the uppermost Famennian to lowermost Tournaisian in these regions, gives data and correlation of the important stratigraphic markers for each region, and briefly correlates them outside the region. The sedimentary successions and specific phenomena, together with microscale environmental perturbations, recognised close to the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary in Poland, display a pattern similar to that observed in many areas in Europe during the Hangenberg Event.
Land Subsidence due to Leakage of Aquitard-aquifer Pore Water in an Under-construction Tunnel of East-West Metro Railway Project, Kolkata
Authors: Banerjee S. , Sikdar P. K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Palaeo-geographical conditions control the sedimentological and hydrological heterogeneity within the upper aquitard and late Pleistocene aquifers beneath Kolkata. Such complexity at Bowbazar was unmapped prior to the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) of East-West metro project which hit the local aquifer at 14 m depth. This led to development of cracks in tens of buildings due to land subsidence; few of which collapsed immediately, and some stood in such a precarious position to be eventually razed. Mass evacuation was undertaken from the area. This paper assesses the local hydrogeological conditions and hydrostatic pressure of the aquitard-aquifer system that caused the disastrous land subsidence.
A Comparative Heavy Mineral Study of the Cenozoic Sediments of Assam and Siwalik Foreland Basins, Northeast Himalaya
Authors: Rai Priti , Borgohain Biraj , Chettri Nisha , Mathew George 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Heavy mineral assemblages of sedimentary units are used as an essential provenance constraint. The sedimentary successions of the southern Assam and Siwalik foreland basins were analyzed for their heavy mineral suits and provenance determination. Heavy minerals were identified using the petrological microscope, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA) analyses. The study demonstrates that heavy minerals weight percentage in the southern Assam basin is lower than that of the northeast (NE) Siwalik basin. In the Assam basin, the weight percentage of dense minerals varies from 0.08% to 1.31%; however, in the Siwalik sediments, it varies from 2.27% to 5.78%. The relative dominance of opaque minerals over transparent heavy minerals is observed throughout the Cenozoic rocks of Assam basin, except for the Tipam unit. At the same time, the Siwalik basin successions show a low percentage of opaque minerals and high amount of non-opaque heavies. Detritus in the Assam basin reveals a distinct change in the occurrence of heavy mineral assemblages (amphibole, aluminosilicates, staurolite and a high percentage of epidote, pyroxene and sphene) in the Mio-Pliocene unit (Tipam sandstone) compared to Barail and Surma older units, implying involvement of an additional orogenic source. This study suggests that NE Siwalik sediments were primarily derived from Himalayan rocks of the Siang window, while heavies in the detritus of the southern Assam basin exhibits a mixed provenance both from the eastern Himalaya, chiefly from Dibang and Lohit valley and Indo-Burman-Ranges (IBR).
Slope Stability Analysis along NH 1D from Sonamarg to Kargil, J&K, India: Implications for Landslide Risk Reduction
Authors: Nanda Aadil M. , Yousuf Maqbool , Islam Zahoor Ul , Ahmed Pervez , Kanth T. A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present work attempts to analyze the slope stability of road section along the national highway NH-1D from Sonamarg to Kargil in the erstwhile J&K, India. The rugged and treacherous terrain in this region is prone to frequent slope failures taking heavy toll of life, property and inconveniences to commuters due to disruption of vehicular movement. For slope study analysis twenty facets were chosen for detail based kinematic analysis and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) to identify the causes and types of failure and potential failure directions. The RMR values obtained from the study range from17 to 96, representing very poor to very good rating and the slopes range from completely unstable to completely stable. The kinematic analysis reveals that most joint planes intersect with each other in different directions consequently forming different potential failure modes. The study concludes that the existing slopes require urgent mitigation measures to thwart the failure.
A GIS-based Methodology for Assigning a Flux Boundary to a Numerical Groundwater Flow Model and Its Effect on Model Calibration
Authors: Kumar Satyendra , Vivekanand   , Narjary Bhaskar , Kumar Neeraj , Kaur Samanpreet , Yadav R. K. , Kamra S. K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Groundwater flow modeling is an important tool for understanding and computing hydrology and water availability of an aquifer zone. However, an accurate representation of boundaries and their initial conditions are vital for simulation of the groundwater flow phenomena. In this study, efforts have been made to develop a GIS based methodology for estimating flux across boundaries of the study area using Darcy flow tool. The spatial maps of topography, bore log, transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, porosity and groundwater levels for the study area were created in ArcGIS 9.3.1 using krigging method. A buffer zone of 1×1 km2 cell size was created on inner and outer side of the boundaries and Darcy flow model was used to estimate specified flux across boundaries. The groundwater behavior of the study area was simulated with specified flux boundary condition (Neumann boundary condition) and no flow boundary condition to assess importance and estimation accuracy of estimated flux. Darcy model output indicates that flux across the boundaries contributed about 36.20 mm in average annual change in groundwater table depth. With estimated specified flux, simulation accuracy of groundwater flow model (R2) increased to 0.97 from 0.90. The satisfactory level (R2=0.97) of simulation accuracy reveals that developed methodology can be used for estimating flux across boundaries in the absence of physical boundaries.
Strategic generation investment using a stochastic rolling-horizon MPEC approach
Authors: Kallabis Thomas , Gabriel Steven A. , Weber Christoph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvestments in power generation assets are multi-year projects with high costs and multi-decade lifetimes. Since market circumstances can significantly change over time, investments into such assets are risky and require structured decision-support systems. Investment decisions and dispatch in electricity spot markets are connected, thus requiring anticipation of expected market outcomes. This strategic situation can be described as a bilevel optimization problem. At the upper level, an investor decides on investments while anticipating the market results. At the lower level, a market operator maximizes welfare given consumer demand and installed generation assets as well as producer price bids. In this paper, we formulate this problem as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). We consider this model to include a dynamic, rolling-horizon optimization. This structure splits the investment process into multiple stages, allowing the modification of wait-and-see decisions. This is a realistic representation of actors making their decision under imperfect information and has the advantage of allowing the players to adjust their data in between rolls. This more closely models real-world decision-making and allows for learning and other feedback in between rolls. The rolling-horizon formulation also has the beneficial byproduct of computational advantage over a fixed-horizon stochastic optimization formulation since smaller problems are solved and we provide supporting numerical results to this point.
Effect of contact geometry on the friction of acrylamide hydrogels with different surface structures
Authors: Liu Wenrui , Simič Rok , Liu Yuhong , Spencer Nicholas D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels with brush-covered or crosslinked surfaces were produced and their tribological behavior was studied over a wide range of sliding speeds for two different contact geometries: sphere-on-flat and flat-pin-on-flat. Irrespective of the contact geometry, the brushy hydrogel surfaces displayed up to an order of magnitude lower coefficients of friction μ (COF) compared to the crosslinked surfaces, even achieving superlubricity (μ < 0.01). In general, a hydrogel sphere showed a lower coefficient of friction than a flat hydrogel pin at a similar contact pressure over the entire range of sliding speeds. However, after normalizing the friction force by the contact area, the shear stress of hydrogels with either crosslinked or brushy surfaces was found to be similar for both contact geometries at low speeds, indicating that hydrogel friction is unaffected by the contact geometry at these speeds. At high sliding speeds, the shear stress was found to be lower for a sphere-on-flat configuration compared to a flat-pin-on-flat configuration. This can be attributed to the larger equivalent hydrodynamic thickness due to the convergent inlet zone ahead of the sphere-on-flat contact, which presumably enhances the water supply in the contact, promotes rehydration, and thus reduces the friction at high sliding speeds compared to that measured for the flat-pin-on-flat contact.
Exploring the role of −NH2 functional groups of ethylenediamine in chemical mechanical polishing of GCr15 bearing steel
Authors: Wu Hanqiang , Jiang Liang , Zhong Xia , Liu Jinwei , Qin Na , Qian Linmao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEthylenediamine with two −NH2functional groups was used as a critical complexing agent in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) slurries for a high carbon chromium GCr15 bearing steel (equivalent to AISI 52100). The polishing performance and corresponding mechanism of −NH2functional groups were thoroughly investigated as a function of pH. It is revealed that, when polished with ethylenediamine and H2O2-based slurries, the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughnessRaof GCr15 steel gradually decrease as pH increases. Compared with acidic pH of 4.0, at alkaline pH of 10.0, the surface film of GCr15 steel has much higher corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and thus the material removal caused by the pure corrosion and corrosion-enhanced wear are greatly inhibited, resulting in much lower MRR andRa. Moreover, it is confirmed that a more protective composite film, consisting of more Fe3+hydroxides/oxyhydroxides and complex compounds with −NH2functional groups of ethylenediamine, can be formed at pH of 10.0. Additionally, the polishing performance of pure iron and a medium carbon 45 steel exhibits a similar trend as GCr15 steel. The findings suggest that acidic pH could be feasible for amine groups-based complexing agents to achieve efficient CMP of iron-based metals.
A Brief Review and Advances of Thermographic Image - Processing Methods for IRT Inspection: a Case of Study on GFRP Plate
Authors: Panella F.W. , Pirinu A. , Dattoma V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present work introduces a different data processing strategy, proposed in order to improve sub-surface defect detection on industrial composites; in addition, a resume of thermal data processing with most common algorithms in literature is presented and applied with new data. A deep comparison between the common absolute contrast, DAC, PCT, TSR and derivative methods and a new proposed contrast mapping procedure is implemented. Thermographic inspection was done in reflection mode on a Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic plate, with flat bottom hole defects. Thermal data computation method is found to be critical for simultaneous defect detection and automatic mapping, optimized to identify defect boundaries at specific depth, with help of accurate image processing, implemented in a Matlab GUI for a reliable and rapid characterization of internal damage. The new processing approach, the Local Boundary Contrast method, elaborates different contrast maps and facilitates recognition of damage extension. Tanimoto criterion and the signal-to-noise ratio method were applied as a criterion to assess defect detectability of various processing methods.
Dual‐centered ANCOVA: Resolving contradictory results from Lord's paradox with implications for reducing bias in longitudinal analyses☆
Authors: Lin Hua , Larzelere Robert E. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionValid causal inferences are necessary to use developmental research to improve adolescent outcomes. What type of change should be analyzed to approximate causal inferences from longitudinal data? Difference‐score and ANCOVA‐type analyses often produce contradictory results, a problem known as Lord's paradox. This study investigates 2‐group, 2‐wave difference‐score analyses and ANCOVA, and introduces a method that produces consistent results, namely dual‐centered ANCOVA, which is compared to pretest matching.MethodsThese methods are tested first on two datasets simulated to fit each of Lord's contrasting results. The methods are then applied to data investigating the longitudinal associations of parent‐adolescent discussions about sexual risks on subsequent unprotected sexual behaviors in 4753 American adolescents (62.2% whites).ResultsThe results replicate Lord's contradictory results for all datasets. Dual‐centered ANCOVA and pretest matching both produce consistent results, but dual‐centered ANCOVA replicates the original results for difference‐score analyses, whereas pretest matching replicates the original ANCOVA results. Thus, the two sets of consistent results differ from each other as much as the original discrepancy rather than reducing bias.ConclusionThe least biased analysis is the one whose null hypothesis best approximates a plausible change pattern to represent a no‐treatment effect. When difference‐score analyses are thought to approximate valid causal inferences as closely as ANCOVA‐type analyses, dual‐centered ANCOVA estimates the difference‐score effect while retaining the advantages of ANCOVA in statistical power and covariate inclusion. These findings are widely applicable to longitudinal analyses that incorporate one or both of these basic methods to analyze change.