bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Palaeozoic diversifications and extinctions in the marine biosphere: a continuum of change
Authors: Harper David A.T. , Cascales-Miñana Borja , Servais Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA review of biodiversity curves of marine organisms indicates that, despite fluctuations in amplitude (some large), a large-scale, long-term radiation of life took place during the early Palaeozoic Era; it was aggregated by a succession of more discrete and regionalized radiations across geographies and within phylogenies. This major biodiversification within the marine biosphere started during late Precambrian time and was only finally interrupted in the Devonian Period. It includes both the Cambrian Explosion and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. The establishment of modern marine ecosystems took place during a continuous chronology of the successive establishment of organisms and their ecological communities, developed during the ‘Cambrian substrate revolution’, the ‘Ordovician plankton revolution’, the ‘Ordovician substrate revolution’, the ‘Ordovician bioerosion revolution’ and the ‘Devonian nekton revolution’. At smaller scales, different regional but important radiations can be recognized geographically and some of them have been identified and named (e.g. those associated with the ‘Richmondian Invasion’ during Late Ordovician time in Laurentia and the contemporaneous ‘Boda event’ in parts of Europe and North Africa), in particular from areas that were in or moved towards lower latitudes, allowing high levels of speciation on epicontintental seas during these intervals. The datasets remain incomplete for many other geographical areas, but also for particular time intervals (e.g. during the late Cambrian ‘Furongian Gap’). The early Palaeozoic biodiversification therefore appears to be a long-term process, modulated by bursts in significant diversity and intervals of inadequate data, where its progressive character will become increasingly clearer with the availability of more complete datasets, with better global coverage and more advanced analytical techniques.
HOMOLOGY THEORIES FOR COMPLEXES BASED ON FLATS
Authors: LIANG LI 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce and study the Gorenstein relative homology theory for unbounded complexes of modules over arbitrary associative rings, which is defined using special Gorenstein flat precovers. We compare the Gorenstein relative homology to the Tate/unbounded homology and get some results that improve the known ones.
KEW GARDENS AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE SCHOOL MUSEUM IN BRITAIN, 1880–1930
Authors: NEWMAN LAURA , DRIVER FELIX 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe idea of the school museum as an active resource for object-based learning played an important but now neglected part in programmes of educational reform during the closing decades of the nineteenth century and the opening decades of the twentieth. In this article we focus on the role of the Kew Museum of Economic Botany in supplying schools with botanical specimens and artefacts for their own museums during this period, to support a broad variety of curricular agendas, from nature study to geography and beyond. The evidence suggests that this scheme was remarkably popular, with demand among teachers for museum objects outstripping supply, and increasingly being met in other ways. Seen from the perspective of Kew, the distribution of specimens, artefacts, and visual materials to schools was a way of extending the ethos of economic botany into the classroom. For the teachers who requested specimens in large numbers, and the pupils who studied and handled them, however, such objects may have had other meanings and uses. More broadly, we propose new avenues for study that can help us to better appreciate the ways in which museum objects, expertise, and practices moved across professional, institutional, and increasingly global boundaries in this period.
The effects of everted or inverted edges on healing of traumatic-induced tympanic membrane perforations
Authors: Lou Z-C 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the healing and hearing outcomes related to the everted or inverted edge area on slap- and fist-induced large tympanic membrane perforations.MethodsA total of 120 patients with slap- or fist-induced tympanic membrane perforations, with inverted or everted edges, affecting 50–75 per cent of the entire tympanic membrane, were randomly divided into 2 groups: an edge approximation group and a spontaneous healing group. The edge approximation group was divided into subgroups A and B based on the reversed edge area (reversed edge was more or less than 50 per cent of the total perforation, respectively). Healing outcomes and hearing improvements at six months were compared.ResultsThe data of 118 patients were analysed. The closure rate of perforations in subgroup A, subgroup B, and the spontaneous healing group was 90.9 per cent, 92.1 per cent and 84.5 per cent, respectively; the difference between the three groups was not significant (p = 0.393).ConclusionThe area of reversed edges for slap- or fist-induced tympanic membrane perforations did not seem to affect healing and hearing outcomes, regardless of edge approximation and everted or inverted edges.
What is driving declines of montane endemic amphibians? New insights from Mount Bamboutos, Cameroon
Authors: Tchassem F. A. M. , Doherty-Bone T. M. , Kameni N. M. M. , Tapondjou N. W. P. , Tamesse J. L. , Gonwouo L. N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmphibians on African mountains are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, pollution, disease and climate change. In particular, there have been recent reports of declines of montane endemic frogs in Cameroon. Mount Bamboutos, although home to numerous species of endemic amphibians, has no official protection and its amphibian populations have so far not been studied quantitatively. We surveyed frog assemblages on this mountain along a gradient of forest modification over a 2-year period. Through visual encounter surveys stratified across forest and farmland, we found that threatened montane amphibian species are closely associated with forested areas, particularly the Critically EndangeredLeptodactylodon axillarisand EndangeredLeptodactylodon perreti,Astylosternus ranoidesandCardioglossa oreas. Using the updated inventory of amphibians, which includes species with broader ranges across Africa, we found 69% of amphibian species on Mount Bamboutos to be threatened. We did not record several species present in historical records, which suggests they may have disappeared from this mountain, includingCardioglossa pulchra,Phrynobatrachus steindachneri,Phrynobatrachus werneri,Sclerophrys villiersi,Werneria bambutensisandWolterstorffina mirei. The pattern of change detected in the amphibian community is consistent with declines on other mountains in the country, with a loss ofPhrynobatrachus,WerneriaandCardioglossaspp., but persistence ofAstylosternus,ArthroleptisandLeptodacty-lodon. The observed relationships of land-use patterns and amphibian diversity suggest that ongoing land-use changes could extirpate the remaining montane endemic frog species, particularlyL. axillarisandL. perreti. Preserving a network of connected forest patches is therefore critical to save the endemic amphibians of Mount Bamboutos.
The role of consistency in use of morphosyntactic forms in child-directed speech in the acquisition of Irish, a minority language undergoing rapid language change
Authors: ANTONIJEVIC Stanislava , MUCKLEY Sarah Ann , MÜLLER Nicole 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIrish is a rapidly changing minority language spoken as the main community language in some areas of the officially Irish-speaking Gaeltacht regions in Ireland. We analyse narratives from 17 parent–child dyads, living in one such area. All children, aged 3–6;4, had high exposure to the local variety of Irish. The input quality was measured by specifying consistency and accuracy of use of morphosyntactic forms in parental narratives directed to their children. The same morphosyntactic forms were analysed in narrative retell by the children. The children produced with high accuracy those forms that the parents used consistently and accurately. For the forms where parents’ usage was inconsistent, large variation in the children's usage was observed. The findings suggest that consistency and accuracy in the use of morphosyntactic forms in the parental language is an important factor in language acquisition; however, its influence might be confounded by other factors.
The Nigerian Twin and Sibling Registry: An Update
Authors: Hur Yoon-Mi , Jeong Hoe-Uk , Kang Man Chull , Ajose Frances , Kim Jong Woo , Beck Jeffrey J. , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Mbarek Hamdi , Finnicum Casey T. , Ehli Erik A. , Martin Nicholas G. , de Geus Eco J. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Davies Gareth E. , Bates Timothy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHere we provide an update of the 2013 report on the Nigerian Twin and Sibling Registry (NTSR). The major aim of the NTSR is to understand genetic and environmental influences and their interplay in psychological and mental health development in Nigerian children and adolescents. Africans have the highest twin birth rates among all human populations, and Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. Due to its combination of large population and high twin birth rates, Nigeria has one of the largest twin populations in the world. In this article, we provide current updates on the NTSR samples recruited, recruitment procedures, zygosity assessment and findings emerging from the NTSR.
How Far North Did the African Monsoon Fringe Expand During the African Humid Period? Insights From Southwest Moroccan Speleothems
Authors: Sha Lijuan , Ait Brahim Yassine , Wassenburg Jasper A. , Yin Jianjun , Peros Matthew , Cruz Francisco W. , Cai Yanjun , Li Hanying , Du Wenjing , Zhang Haiwei , Edwards R. Lawrence , Cheng Hai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present new high‐resolution oxygen isotope (δ18O) records from three NW African speleothems located at ~31°N. The present‐day rainfall patterns at 31°N in NW Africa are linked to negative winter North Atlantic Oscillation phases. However, on multimillennial time scales, our δ18O records, together with other hydroclimate records, provide new evidence of humid conditions during the mid‐Holocene, a period that was presumably characterized by arid climate. Thus, the apparent increase in moisture during the mid‐Holocene is interpreted better as an increase in summer rainfall. This is most likely linked to the expansion of the West African summer monsoon fringe during the African Humid Period, which terminated in our record abruptly around 4 Kyr BP. The temporospatial difference with speleothem records from N Morocco suggests that the High‐Atlas Mountains might have been a topographic barrier to further expansion of the West African summer monsoon fringe into higher latitudes.
Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Geoengineering Could Alter the High‐Latitude Seasonal Cycle
Authors: Jiang Jiu , Cao Long , MacMartin Douglas G. , Simpson Isla R. , Kravitz Ben , Cheng Wei , Visioni Daniele , Tilmes Simone , Richter Jadwiga H. , Mills Michael J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG) has been proposed to reduce some impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Previous studies examined annual mean climate responses to SAG. Here we use the Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Large Ensemble simulations to explore the effects of SAG on the seasonal cycle of climate change. Simulations show that relative to the present‐day climate, SAG diminishes the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of temperature at many high‐latitude locations, with warmer winters and cooler summers. The seasonal temperature shift significantly influences the seasonal cycle of snow depth and sea ice, with Arctic sea ice recovery overcompensated in summer by 52% and undercompensated in winter by 8%. We identify that both the dynamic effects of aerosol‐induced stratospheric heating and seasonal variations of sunlight contribute to the shifts in seasonal cycle. Shifts in the seasonal cycle have important ecological and environmental implications, which should be considered in geoengineering impact analysis.
Models of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Lee He-Jin , Ricarte Diadem , Ortiz Darlene , Lee Seung-Jae 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease with diverse clinical manifestations, including parkinsonism, cerebellar syndrome, and autonomic failure. Pathologically, MSA is characterized by glial cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes, which contain fibrillary forms of α-synuclein. MSA is categorized as one of the α-synucleinopathy, and α-synuclein aggregation is thought to be the culprit of the disease pathogenesis. Studies on MSA pathogenesis are scarce relative to studies on the pathogenesis of other synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. However, recent developments in cellular and animal models of MSA, especially α-synuclein transgenic models, have driven advancements in research on this disease. Here, we review the currently available models of MSA, which include toxicant-induced animal models, α-synuclein-overexpressing cellular models, and mouse models that express α-synuclein specifically in oligodendrocytes through cell type-specific promoters. We will also discuss the results of studies in recently developed transmission mouse models, into which MSA brain extracts were intracerebrally injected. By reviewing the findings obtained from these model systems, we will discuss what we have learned about the disease and describe the strengths and limitations of the models, thereby ultimately providing direction for the design of better models and future research.
The effect of co-occurring lesions on leukaemogenesis and drug response in T-ALL and ETP-ALL
Authors: Tavakoli Shirazi Paniz , Eadie Laura N. , Heatley Susan L. , Hughes Timothy P. , Yeung David T. , White Deborah L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite advances in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), current regimens fail to significantly transform outcomes for patients with high-risk subtypes. Advances in genomic analyses have identified novel lesions including mutations in genes that encode chromatin modifiers and those that influence cytokine and kinase signalling, rendering many of these alterations potentially targetable by tyrosine kinase and epigenetic inhibitors currently in clinical use. Although specific genomic lesions, gene expression patterns, and immunophenotypic profiles have been associated with specific clinical outcomes in some cancers, the application of precision medicine approaches based on these data has been slow. This approach is complicated by the reality that patients often harbour multiple mutations, and in many cases, the precise functional significance and interaction of these mutations in driving leukaemia and drug responsiveness/resistance remains unknown. Given that signalling pathways driving leukaemic pathogenesis could plausibly result from the co-existence of specific lesions and the resultant perturbation of protein interactions, the use of combined therapeutics that target multiple aberrant pathways, according to an individual’s mutational profile, might improve outcomes and lower a patient’s risk of relapse. Here we outline the genomic alterations that occur in T cell ALL (T-ALL) and early T cell precursor (ETP)-ALL and review studies highlighting the possible effects of co-occurring lesions on leukaemogenesis and drug response.
Barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (Banf1) regulates poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) activity following oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Bolderson Emma , Burgess Joshua T. , Li Jun , Gandhi Neha S. , Boucher Didier , Croft Laura V. , Beard Samuel , Plowman Jennifer J. , Suraweera Amila , Adams Mark N. , Naqi Ali , Zhang Shu-Dong , Sinclair David A. , O’Byrne Kenneth J. , Richard Derek J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe DNA repair capacity of human cells declines with age, in a process that is not clearly understood. Mutation of the nuclear envelope protein barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (Banf1) has previously been shown to cause a human progeroid disorder, Néstor–Guillermo progeria syndrome (NGPS). The underlying links between Banf1, DNA repair and the ageing process are unknown. Here, we report that Banf1 controls the DNA damage response to oxidative stress via regulation of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1). Specifically, oxidative lesions promote direct binding of Banf1 to PARP1, a critical NAD+-dependent DNA repair protein, leading to inhibition of PARP1 auto-ADP-ribosylation and defective repair of oxidative lesions, in cells with increased Banf1. Consistent with this, cells from patients with NGPS have defective PARP1 activity and impaired repair of oxidative lesions. These data support a model whereby Banf1 is crucial to reset oxidative-stress-induced PARP1 activity. Together, these data offer insight into Banf1-regulated, PARP1-directed repair of oxidative lesions.
Optimal solid state neurons
Authors: Abu-Hassan Kamal , Taylor Joseph D. , Morris Paul G. , Donati Elisa , Bortolotto Zuner A. , Indiveri Giacomo , Paton Julian F. R. , Nogaret Alain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBioelectronic medicine is driving the need for neuromorphic microcircuits that integrate raw nervous stimuli and respond identically to biological neurons. However, designing such circuits remains a challenge. Here we estimate the parameters of highly nonlinear conductance models and derive the ab initio equations of intracellular currents and membrane voltages embodied in analog solid-state electronics. By configuring individual ion channels of solid-state neurons with parameters estimated from large-scale assimilation of electrophysiological recordings, we successfully transfer the complete dynamics of hippocampal and respiratory neurons in silico. The solid-state neurons are found to respond nearly identically to biological neurons under stimulation by a wide range of current injection protocols. The optimization of nonlinear models demonstrates a powerful method for programming analog electronic circuits. This approach offers a route for repairing diseased biocircuits and emulating their function with biomedical implants that can adapt to biofeedback.
The impact of anthropogenic inputs on lithium content in river and tap water
Authors: Choi Hye-Bin , Ryu Jong-Sik , Shin Woo-Jin , Vigier Nathalie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of lithium (Li) has dramatically increased during the last two decades due to the proliferation of mobile electronic devices and the diversification of electric-powered vehicles. Lithium is also prescribed as a medication against bipolar disorder. While Li can exert a toxic effect on living organisms, few studies have investigated the impact of anthropogenic inputs on Li levels in the environment. Here we report Li concentrations and Li isotope compositions of river, waste and tap water, and industrial products from the metropolitan city of Seoul. Results show that the large increase in population density in Seoul is accompanied by a large enrichment in aqueous Li. Lithium isotopes evidence a major release from Li-rich materials. Water treatment protocols are also shown to be inefficient for Li. Our study therefore highlights the need for a global Li survey and adequate solutions for minimizing their impact on ecosystems and city dwellers.
Single-pass STEM-EMCD on a zone axis using a patterned aperture: progress in experimental and data treatment methods
Authors: Thersleff Thomas , Schönström Linus , Tai Cheuk-Wai , Adam Roman , Bürgler Daniel E. , Schneider Claus M. , Muto Shunsuke , Rusz Ján 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMeasuring magnetic moments in ferromagnetic materials at atomic resolution is theoretically possible using the electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) technique in a (scanning) transmission electron microscope ((S)TEM). However, experimental and data processing hurdles currently hamper the realization of this goal. Experimentally, the sample must be tilted to a zone-axis orientation, yielding a complex distribution of magnetic scattering intensity, and the same sample region must be scanned multiple times with sub-atomic spatial registration necessary at each pass. Furthermore, the weak nature of the EMCD signal requires advanced data processing techniques to reliably detect and quantify the result. In this manuscript, we detail our experimental and data processing progress towards achieving single-pass zone-axis EMCD using a patterned aperture. First, we provide a comprehensive data acquisition and analysis strategy for this and other EMCD experiments that should scale down to atomic resolution experiments. Second, we demonstrate that, at low spatial resolution, promising EMCD candidate signals can be extracted, and that these are sensitive to both crystallographic orientation and momentum transfer.
Rapid resistance to pesticide control is predicted to evolve in an invasive fish
Authors: Christie Mark R. , Sepúlveda Maria S. , Dunlop Erin S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractXenobiotic resistance is commonly found in species with short generation times such as bacteria, annual plants, and insects. Nevertheless, the fundamental evolutionary principles that govern the spread of resistance alleles hold true for species with longer generation times. One such example could occur with sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a parasitic invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes that decimated native fish populations prior to its control with the pesticide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM). Since the 1950s, tributaries have been treated annually with TFM, where treatments effectively remove most, but not all, larval sea lamprey. We developed an eco-genetic model of sea lamprey to examine factors affecting the evolution of resistance and found that resistance alleles rapidly rise to fixation after 40–80 years of treatment, despite the species’ relatively long generation time (4–7 years). The absence of natal homing allows resistant individuals to spread quickly throughout the entire system, but also makes the early detection of resistance challenging. High costs of resistance and density independent reproduction can delay, but not prevent, the onset of resistance. These results illustrate that sea lamprey have the potential to evolve resistance to their primary control agent in the near future, highlighting the urgent need for alternative controls.