bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of a Robust PEM Water Electrolyzer Based on Non‐Noble Metal Cathode Catalyst: [Mo3S13]2− Clusters Anchored to N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Holzapfel Peter K. R. , Bühler Melanie , Escalera‐López Daniel , Bierling Markus , Speck Florian D. , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Cherevko Serhiy , Pham Chuyen V. , Thiele Simon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh investment costs and a dependence on noble metal catalysts currently obstruct the large‐scale implementation of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) for converting fluctuating green electricity into chemical energy via water splitting. In this context, this work presents a high‐performing and stable non‐noble metal catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), consisting of [Mo3S13]2− clusters supported on nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs). Strikingly, a significant electrochemically induced activation of the Mo3S13‐NCNT catalyst at high current densities is observed in full cell configuration, enabling a remarkable current density of 4 A cm−2 at a cell voltage of 2.36 V. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the highest reported value to date for a PEMWE full cell using a non‐noble metal HER catalyst. Furthermore, only a minor degradation of 83 µV h−1 is observed during a stability test of 100 h constant current at 1 A cm−2, with a nearly unchanged polarization behavior after the current hold. Catalyst stability and activity are additionally analyzed via online dissolution measurements. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy examination of the catalyst before and after electrochemical application reveals a correlation between the electrochemical activation occurring via electrodissolution with changes in the molecular structure of the Mo3S13‐NCNT catalyst.
A Biomimetic Polymer Magnetic Nanocarrier Polarizing Tumor‐Associated Macrophages for Potentiating Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Lingqiao , Wang Yi , Guo Xing , Zhao Jingya , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe progress of antitumor immunotherapy is usually limited by tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) that account for the highest proportion of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment, and the TAMs can also be reversed by modulating the M2‐like phenotype. Herein, a biomimetic polymer magnetic nanocarrier is developed with selectively targeting and polarizing TAMs for potentiating immunotherapy of breast cancer. This nanocarrier PLGA‐ION‐R837 @ M (PIR @ M) is achieved, first, by the fabrication of magnetic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating Fe3O4 NPs and Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist imiquimod (R837) and, second, by the coating of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ treated macrophage membranes on the surface of the NPs for targeting TAMs. The intracellular uptake of the PIR @ M can greatly polarize TAMs from M2 to antitumor M1 phenotype with the synergy of Fe3O4 NPs and R837. The relevant mechanism of the polarization is deeply studied through analyzing the mRNA expression of the signaling pathways. Different from previous reports, the polarization is ascribed to the fact that Fe3O4 NPs mainly activate the IRF5 signaling pathway via iron ions instead of the reactive oxygen species‐induced NF‐κB signaling pathway. The anticancer effect can be effectively enhanced through potentiating immunotherapy by the polarization of the TAMs in the combination of Fe3O4 NPs and R837.
Tin Nanodots Derived From Sn2+/Graphene Quantum Dot Complex as Pillars into Graphene Blocks for Ultrafast and Ultrastable Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Liu Zheng , Zhang Su , Qiu Zhipeng , Huangfu Chao , Wang Lin , Wei Tong , Fan Zhuangjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTin (Sn) is considered to be an ideal candidate for the anode of sodium ion batteries. However, the design of Sn‐based electrodes with maintained long‐term stability still remains challenging due to their huge volume expansion (≈420%) and easy pulverization during cycling. Herein, a facile and versatile strategy for the synthesis of nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dot (GQD) edge‐anchored Sn nanodots as the pillars into reduced graphene oxide blocks (NGQD/Sn‐NG) for ultrafast and ultrastable sodium‐ion storage is reported. Sn nanodots (2–5 nm) anchored at the edges of “octopus‐like” GQDs via covalent SnOC/SnNC bonds function as the pillars that ensure fast Na‐ion/electron transport across the graphene blocks. Moreover, the chemical and spatial (layered structure) confinements not only suppress Sn aggregation, but also function as physical barriers for buffering volume change upon sodiation/desodiation. Consequently, the NGQD/Sn‐NG with high structural stability exhibits excellent rate performance (555 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 198 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and ultra‐long cycling stability (184 mAh g−1 remaining even after 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1). The confinement‐induced synthesis together with remarkable electrochemical performances should shed light on the practical application of highly attractive tin‐based anodes for next generation rechargeable sodium batteries.
Shear fatigue of prestressed I‐beams with shear reinforcement
Authors: Hillebrand Matthias , Teworte Frederik , Hegger Josef 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the last decades, increasing traffic loads have led to higher requirements on the bearing capacity of existing and also new bridges. In particular, many bridge structures built in the 1960s and 1970s often contain less web reinforcement than the nowadays required minimum web reinforcement. In this context, the shear resistance under cyclic loading is of special interest. For this reason, experimental tests were conducted on prestressed concrete beams with and without shear reinforcement at the Institute of Structural Concrete of RWTH Aachen University within the last years to investigate the shear fatigue strength. The specimens were able to resist more load cycles than predicted by the approaches implemented in the Eurocodes for bridges. Based on the test results, design models for shear under cyclic loading should be reviewed and improved, especially with regard to the assessment of existing structures. This paper describes the recent tests on 20 I‐shaped prestressed beams with web reinforcement.
Capitulum compartmentalization in Leucheria (Nassauvieae): Insights into the evolution of Asteraceae inflorescence
Authors: Katinas Liliana , Forte Noelia B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn unusual feature occurs in the capitula of Leucheria (Nassauvieae, Asteraceae), some phyllaries of the involucre are twisted and/or rotated. The different spatial orientations of these phyllaries, called here paleaceous phyllaries, divide the capitulum into compartments enclosing florets and fruits. Because the internal morphology of the phyllaries could play a role in the compartmentalization, the anatomy of the phyllaries together with their different spatial arrangements was analyzed in the 49 species of Leucheria. We found differences between the abaxial and adaxial epidermis, bulliform‐like cells in the epidermis, and a callus at the base of the phyllaries. Cohesion, swelling, and turgor mechanisms in tissues are proposed to play a role in the positional changes of the phyllaries. The phyllaries bend, twist, rotate, and spread down and, excepting the latter, all are involved in capitula compartmentalization. The paleaceous phyllaries are already present in buds and continue during the whole plant life. Our results support previous phylogenetic hypotheses that suggest that Leucheria achieved a regular capitulum but maintained the remnants of an ancestor's pseudocephalium.
A merry host makes bolder guests: An analysis of cross‐border investment choices of Chinese firms
Authors: Soloveva Daria , Yamini Reza , Wei Jiuchang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article explores the influence of a host country's conditions on foreign equity investment decisions made by China‐based firms using the assumptions of the institutional theory and transaction cost approach. We use multinomial logit regression to analyze a sample of 1,018 cross‐border investments by Chinese firms categorized into majority acquisitions, minority acquisitions, joint ventures (JVs), and venture capital. According to our findings, Chinese investors prefer to conduct foreign direct investment in the same industry. This, in turn, highlights their desire to gain market influence and learn or obtain strategic knowledge and resources. Furthermore, taxation is proved to encourage the establishment of foreign JVs. The interaction between the host country's tax levels and majority acquisitions in the same industry reveals the concern of Chinese investors with after‐tax returns and influence in the new market.
Bringing Bilingualism to the Center of Guided Reading Instruction
Authors: Ascenzi‐Moreno Laura , Quiñones Rebecca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEducators consider guided reading one of the most powerful instructional tools in a reading teacher’s arsenal. Yet, when it comes to emergent bilinguals in both monolingual English and bilingual settings, guided reading is implemented monolingually, or in one language at a time. As the field of reading instruction has moved toward a more asset‐based take on students’ bilingualism, integrating a bilingual approach to guided reading is necessary. The authors offer educators a lens to understand how emergent bilinguals’ resources and bilingualism can be incorporated into guided reading, along with concrete examples that can assist teachers in enacting these practices in their classrooms.
COVID‐19 during pregnancy: non‐reassuring fetal heart rate, placental pathology and coagulopathy
Authors: Mongula J. E. , Frenken M. W. E. , van Lijnschoten G. , Arents N. L. A. , de Wit‐Zuurendonk L. D. , Schimmel‐de Kok A. P. A. , van Runnard Heimel P. J. , Porath M. M. , Goossens S. M. T. A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTWe report a case of a pregnant woman with COVID‐19 who developed coagulopathy in the absence of severe clinical symptoms. A polymerase chain reaction test of a vaginal swab was positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA, suggesting a possibility of perinatal transmission. Cesarean delivery was performed because of a non‐reassuring fetal heart rate; the placenta showed increased perivillous fibrin deposition and intervillositis. Moreover, placental infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 was demonstrated by placental immunostaining. The findings suggest a possible relationship between placental fibrin deposition and chronic and acute intervillositis, non‐reassuring fetal heart rate and coagulopathy in pregnant women with COVID‐19. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Vakuumkomponenten aus Aluminium für UHV und XHV
Authors: Bergner Ute , Biethahn Maximilian , Worsch Christian , Flämmich Michael , Bergner Klaus 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie mechanische Festigkeit von 6000er Al‐Legierungen ist ausreichend, um stabile CF‐Schneidkanten herzustellen. Wichtig ist dabei, dass im Verarbeitungsprozess und in der Anwendung die Materialhöchsttemperaturen zum Erhalt der notwendigen mechanischen Festigkeit nicht überschritten werden. In Messreihen zur Schneidkantengeometrie konnte die Eignung dieser Aluminiumlegierungen für den Einsatz im UHV und XHV nachgewiesen werden. Darüber hinaus erklärt der Beitrag, wie reproduzierbare Prozessbedingungen beim Schweißen die Fertigung vaku‐umdichter Schweißnähte mit sauberer Wurzelbildung sicherstellen, wobei spezielle Schweißparametern sicherstellen, dass beim Schweißprozess im Schneidkantenbereich die kritischen Temperaturen nicht überschritten werden.Vergleichsmessungen an Aluminium‐ und Edelstahlkammern zeigen, dass mit Aluminium als Werkstoff in kürzerer Zeit und – aufgrund niedrigerer Ausheiztemperaturen – mit geringerem Energieaufwand UHV‐Bedingungen erreicht werden.
Perspectives on liquid biopsy for label‐free detection of “circulating tumor cells” through intelligent lab‐on‐chips
Authors: Miccio Lisa , Cimmino Flora , Kurelac Ivana , Villone Massimiliano M. , Bianco Vittorio , Memmolo Pasquale , Merola Francesco , Mugnano Martina , Capasso Mario , Iolascon Achille , Maffettone Pier Luca , Ferraro Pietro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare tumor cells released from primary, metastatic, or recurrent tumors in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. CTCs isolation from peripheral blood and their molecular characterization represent a new marker in cancer screening, a diagnostic tool called “liquid biopsy” (LB). Compared to traditional tissue biopsy that is invasive and does not reveal tumor heterogeneity, LB is noninvasive and reflects in “real‐time” tumor dynamism and drug sensitivity. In the frame of LB, a new paradigm based on single‐cell and label‐free analysis based on morphological analysis is emerging. Here, we review the latest research developments in this emerging vision of LB. In particular, we survey and discuss recent improvements in microfluidics, imaging label‐free diagnosis and cell classification by artificial intelligence and how to combine them to realize an intelligent platform based on lab‐on‐chip technology. This prospect appears to open up promising and intriguing new scenarios for cancer management through single‐cell analysis that will revolutionize the future of early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic choice with disruptive impact on the society.
Black phosphorus: Versatile two‐dimensional materials in cancer therapies
Authors: Ding Jie , Qu Guangbo , Chu Paul K. , Yu Xue‐Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) constitutes a new class of two‐dimensional materials with multiple biomedical functionalities and applications. Possessed with outstanding advantages of large surface area, intrinsic photoacoustic properties, excellent biocompatibility, and selective toxicity to tumor cells, BP is becoming an ideal candidate in multifunctional cancer theranostics including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, drug delivery, and bioactive phosphotherapy. This minireview summarizes recent progress pertaining to theranostic applications of BP nanosheets and black phosphorus quantum dots and discusses the prospects in advanced theranostics.
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis combined with embolic pneumonia and hepatitis as unusual symptoms of foreign body syndrome in a Holstein bull
Authors: de Souza Verônica L. , Pinto Arthur M. S. V. , Queiroz Cintia R. R. , de Castro Márcio B. , Borges José R. J. , Soto‐Blanco Benito , Câmara Antônio C. L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTraumatic reticuloperitonitis combined with embolic pneumonia and hepatitis is unusual signs of foreign body syndrome in cattle. A 4‐year‐old Holstein bull presented decreased appetite, dry cough, progressive weight loss, sternal recumbence and reluctance to stand and move. Laboratory tests revealed leucocytosis (18.4 × 103/μl) accompanied by neutrophilia (10.48 × 103/μl), and monocytosis (1.28 × 103/μl), hyperglobulinaemia (6.3 g/dl), hypoalbuminaemia (1.5 g/dl), hyperfibrinogenaemia (10 g/L) and severe increase in gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity (1,216 U/L). Reticular ultrasonographical examination showed a large amount of hyperechoic and hypoechoic content between the reticular serosa and the hepatic visceral surface. The main gross findings included fibrin deposition and adhesions between the reticulum, liver and diaphragm surfaces; a 4.0 mm in diameter transmural reticular perforation; a 12.0‐cm diameter and scarce small randomly abscesses in the liver's parenchyma. The lungs presented multifocal areas of suppurative embolic foci (pulmonary abscesses), interstitial emphysema and multifocal fibrin deposition on the pleural surface. Ancillary diagnostic tests, such as ultrasonography and laboratory test, associated with clinical evaluation, may increase the accuracy of the correct diagnosis and avoid wasting time and money on untreatable cases.
Coping strategies for individual and household‐level water insecurity: A systematic review
Authors: Venkataramanan Vidya , Collins Shalean M. , Clark Kathleen A. , Yeam Julia , Nowakowski Virginia G. , Young Sera L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHousehold water insecurity is a complex socioecological challenge with a range of consequences for health and wellbeing. Understanding individual and household‐level coping strategies, i.e., responses or adaptations to manage water insecurity, can shape future research and development practice. We therefore (a) systematically describe the characteristics and contexts of 173 studies documenting coping strategies and (b) classify the types of strategies within four domains of water insecurity: access, use, quality, and reliability. Most studies were from Sub‐Saharan Africa or South Asia. In the domain of access, the most common coping strategies were building infrastructure, and storing, purchasing, and sharing water. For use, changing food consumption, agricultural practices, and hygiene were most frequently mentioned. For quality, water treatment was the most common strategy. To ensure water reliability, people most frequently reported changing routines or relocating their homes altogether. Our review provides a useful framework to understand coping strategies, but more research is needed to address three gaps in particular. First, we recommend more representative exploration of the range of coping strategies, particularly in middle‐ and high‐income countries. Second, the links between coping with water insecurity and a range of other nutritional, social, financial, and health outcomes need to be better understood to address overall household wellbeing. Third, we recommend the development of a metric to quantify individual and household‐level water insecurity‐related coping strategies. This line of inquiry can enable practitioners to design and implement context‐specific interventions that leverage preexisting strategies to improve experiences of water insecurity.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Engineering Water > Planning Water
CFD simulations and evaluation of applicability of a wall roughness model applied on a NACA 633‐418 airfoil
Authors: Kruse Emil Krog , Sørensen Niels , Bak Christian , Nielsen Mikkel Schou 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe implementation of a model to simulate distributed surface roughness, which is the new k−ω extension by Knopp et al. into the DTU Wind Energy in‐house CFD Reynolds‐Average Naviar Stokes solver EllipSys, was validated against wind tunnel experiments conducted in the Laminar Wind Tunnel of the Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics, University of Stuttgart. The effort was to predict the aerodynamic penalty of five cases of leading edge roughness applied to a NACA 633‐418. Three cases were sandpaper, and two cases were turbulators/zigzag tape. Simulation of the sandpaper cases showed some agreement in the tendencies of decreased lift and increased drag as a function of angle of attack. However, the magnitudes of the aerodynamic changes were predicted and underestimated the lift and overestimated the drag. Modeling the zigzag tape using the roughness model was not successful, because the influence from the model was too small. The simulated zigzag tape hardly deviated from the fully turbulent simulation, so when using the model in its current form, one should be aware of its limitations.
A nonlinear inverse model for airborne wind energy system analysis, control, and design optimization
Authors: Aull Mark , Cohen Kelly 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper describes a nonlinear model inversion for performance analysis and system optimization for airborne wind energy (AWE) systems. Airborne wind energy systems are lighter and potentially lower in cost than comparable conventional wind turbines due to using a tether and bridle rather than blades and a tower which must support high bending and compressive loads. They are also easier to install due to using a tension anchor rather than a foundation. There are many AWE systems in various states of R&D, but no commercial AWE wind farms currently exist. Because AWE systems are novel and significantly more complex to design, analyze, and test than conventional wind turbines, better analysis tools are important for the technology to mature.AWE system design involves many interdependent design trade‐offs, which are difficult to analyze with traditional tools; using simulations to iterate through parameters for design optimization is undesirable. A nonlinear model inversion based on appropriate simplifying assumptions is better suited to this task. The inverse model uses a trajectory input then calculates attitudes, forces, and control values required to follow that trajectory as well as power produced. Applicable constraints ensure that the trajectory is realizable. A validation is presented, using the output of the inverse model as a feed‐forward controller for a high fidelity simulation. The analysis shows good agreement with the simulation, despite simplifications such as a straight rigid tether, constant lift and drag coefficients, and a simplified rotor model.
Energy‐converting biomaterials for cancer therapy: Category, efficiency, and biosafety
Authors: Dong Lile , Li Wenjuan , Sun Lining , Yu Luodan , Chen Yu , Hong Guobin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnergy‐converting biomaterials (ECBs)‐mediated cancer‐therapeutic modalities have been extensively explored, which have achieved remarkable benefits to overwhelm the obstacles of traditional cancer‐treatment modalities. Energy‐driven cancer‐therapeutic modalities feature their distinctive merits, including noninvasiveness, low mammalian toxicity, adequate therapeutic outcome, and optimistical synergistic therapeutics. In this advanced review, the prevailing mainstream ECBs can be divided into two sections: Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐associated energy‐converting biomaterials (ROS‐ECBs) and hyperthermia‐related energy‐converting biomaterials (H‐ECBs). On the one hand, ROS‐ECBs can transfer exogenous or endogenous energy (such as light, radiation, ultrasound, or chemical) to generate and release highly toxic ROS for inducing tumor cell apoptosis/necrosis, including photo‐driven ROS‐ECBs for photodynamic therapy, radiation‐driven ROS‐ECBs for radiotherapy, ultrasound‐driven ROS‐ECBs for sonodynamic therapy, and chemical‐driven ROS‐ECBs for chemodynamic therapy. On the other hand, H‐ECBs could translate the external energy (such as light and magnetic) into heat for killing tumor cells, including photo‐converted H‐ECBs for photothermal therapy and magnetic‐converted H‐ECBs for magnetic hyperthermia therapy. Additionally, the biosafety issues of ECBs are expounded preliminarily, guaranteeing the ever‐stringent requirements of clinical translation. Finally, we discussed the prospects and facing challenges for constructing the new‐generation ECBs for establishing intriguing energy‐driven cancer‐therapeutic modalities.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology >Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Ventricular Cryoinjury as a Model to Study Heart Regeneration in Zebrafish
Authors: Marques Ines J. , Sanz-Morejón Andrés , Mercader Nadia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractZebrafish have the capacity to regenerate most of its organs upon injury, including the heart. Due to its amenability for genetic manipulation, the zebrafish is an excellent model organism to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms promoting heart regeneration. Several cardiac injury models have been developed in zebrafish, including ventricular resection, genetic ablation, and ventricular cryoinjury. This chapter provides a detailed protocol of zebrafish ventricular cryoinjury and highlights factors and critical steps to be considered when performing this method.