bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of cervical cerclage in rural areas
Authors: Jongen V.H.W.M. , Roosmalen J.van 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To determine whether the outcome of pregnancies following cervical cerclage in rural Tanzania justifies its application in remote areas. Method: Retrospective review of 16 singleton pregnancies in 13 women, who underwent cervical cerclage in a rural hospital in Tanzania during 1990–1995. Results: Ten (62.5%) live children were born. Seven women (43.8%) delivered after a gestational age of 37 weeks. Severe maternal complications were encountered 5 times (31.3%): 4 severe cervical lacerations and 1 uterine rupture. Conclusion: One should be reluctant to apply cervical cerclage in remote rural areas due to the high rate of maternal complications, as patients' delay in reaching the hospital may be considerable in cases of preterm birth.
Further evidence on the validity of the theoretical models underlying the Baldrige criteria
Authors: Flynn Barbara B. , Saladin Brooke 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe Baldrige framework has emerged as both a guide for quality management and the model upon which numerous state and international quality awards are based. It was introduced in 1988 as the foundation for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. The framework was significantly revised in 1992 and 1997. In order to test the validity of the theoretical model underlying the Baldrige framework as it has evolved over the years, we take the approach of analyzing the constructs upon which the Baldrige categories are based. Path analysis is used to test the fit of each of the three major frameworks, and the sums of direct effects are used to estimate the category weights implied by each of the path models. We found that all three frameworks were a good fit with the Baldrige frameworks for those years, and that both the 1992 and 1997 frameworks improved upon the foundation established by the 1988 framework. Thus, we conclude that appropriate adaptations to the Baldrige framework have been made over the years. We describe the implications for practitioners, in terms of critical success factors, and make recommendations for further minor modifications to the Baldrige framework.
Autoradiographic studies on the uptake of 3H‐dopamine by neurons and astrocytes in explant and primary cultures of rat CNS: effects of uptake inhibitors
Authors: Hösli Elisabeth , Hösli L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe cellular localization of the uptake of 3H‐dopamine was studied in explant and primary cultures from various regions of rat central nervous system by means of autoradiography. In explant cultures of substantia nigra, 3H‐dopamine was taken up by cell bodies and processes of many neurons. In cultures from striatum, cerebellum and spinal cord, neuronal cell bodies were not labelled, whereas outgrowing nerve fibres revealed intense uptake of the monoamine. Uptake of 3H‐dopamine by neurons was Na+‐ and temperature‐dependent, suggesting an active uptake mechanism. In explant cultures, astrocytes did not accumulate 3H‐dopamine, whereas in primary cultures, which were prepared from the same regions of rat central nervous system as the explant cultures, astrocytes also revealed uptake of this monoamine. The intensity of labelling was dependent on the incubation time. Little uptake of 3H‐dopamine was observed after an incubation time of 5 min and only after 10–15 min did the astrocytes show moderate labelling. Uptake of 3H‐dopamine by astrocytes was not Na+‐ and temperature‐dependent, indicating that glial cells do not possess an active uptake mechanism for this monoamine. This is consistent with biochemical investigations by other laboratories, demonstrating that astrocytes accumulate 3H‐dopamine by a facilitated diffusion system. Addition of the uptake inhibitors nomifensine or GBR 12909 to explant cultures markedly reduced or inhibited uptake of 3H‐dopamine by neurons at a concentration of 10−6 M. In contrast, accumulation of 3H‐dopamine by astrocytes in primary cultures was only slightly affected by nomifensine at 10−6 M. At the highest concentration used (10−5 M), nomifensine also blocked the uptake of 3H‐dopamine by astrocytes. Our finding that GBR 12909 almost completely inhibited the uptake of 3H‐dopamine by astrocytes already at 10−6 M suggests that this compound is a more potent inhibitor of the glial uptake of dopamine than nomifensine.
Quality of life in schizophrenia: Long-term follow-up in 362 chronic Spanish schizophrenic outpatients undergoing risperidone maintenance treatment
Authors: Bobes J , Gutiérrez M , Gibert J , González MP , Herraiz L , Fernández A 
Published: July 2002

SummaryOur aim was to determine the effect of risperidone monotherapy treatment on disability and on the quality of life of 318 schizophrenic outpatients who had been previously treated with other neuroleptics. Patients were assessed at baseline 2, 4 and 8 months using the BPRS, CGI, WHO/DDS and SF-36. BPRS scores showed a significant decrease at month 2, both in the total score and in each of the three clusters, negative, positive and depression/anxiety. WHO/DDS scores significantly decreased both in the overall score (from 51.8 to 37.4, P < 0.0001) and in the four dimensions. SF-36 scale scores and summary measures showed a significant improvement after 8 months of risperidone treatment. Risperidone long-term treatment (8 months) has a positive effect on clinical and on psychosocial outcomes. Females, paranoids patients and patients without history of use-abuse of substances showed greater improvements in quality of life.
Defect Passivation in Perovskite Solar Cells by Cyano‐Based π‐Conjugated Molecules for Improved Performance and Stability
Authors: Wang Kai , Liu Jiang , Yin Jun , Aydin Erkan , Harrison George T. , Liu Wenzhu , Chen Shanyong , Mohammed Omar F. , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDefects at the surface and grain boundaries of metal–halide perovskite films lead to performance losses of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, organic cyano‐based π‐conjugated molecules composed of indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (IDTT) are reported and it is found that their cyano group can effectively passivate such defects. To achieve a homogeneous distribution, these molecules are dissolved in the antisolvent, used to initiate the perovskite crystallization. It is found that these molecules are self‐anchored at the grain boundaries due to their strong binding to undercoordinated Pb2+. On a device level, this passivation scheme enhances the charge separation and transport at the grain boundaries due to the well‐matched energetic levels between the passivant and the perovskite. Consequently, these benefits contribute directly to the achievement of power conversion efficiencies as high as 21.2%, as well as the improved environmental and thermal stability of the PSCs. The surface treatment provides a new strategy to simultaneously passivate defects and enhance charge extraction/transport at the device interface by manipulating the anchoring groups of the molecules.
Radiative and Nonradiative Recombinations in Organic Radical Emitters: The Effect of Guest–Host Interactions
Authors: Abroshan Hadi , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Brédas Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRadical‐carrying organic molecules have received significant attention to bypass the issue related to harvesting triplet excitons in current light‐emitting materials. While the computational efforts conducted so far have treated these radical emitters as isolated entities, in actual devices, they are embedded in a host matrix and subject to emitter–host interactions. Here, by combining molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations, the impact of the host matrix on the optoelectronic performance of radical emitters is evaluated, taking as a representative example the (4‐ncarbazolyl‐2,6‐dichlorophenyl)bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)‐methyl (TTM‐3NCz) radical emitter dispersed in a 4,4‐bis(carbazol‐9‐yl)biphenyl (CBP) host. A morphological analysis shows that steric effects around the radical centers, carried by the TTM electron‐poor moieties of the emitters, disfavor π–π interactions with the host molecules, which leads to random intermolecular orientations around the TTM moieties. The 3NCz electron‐rich moieties of the emitters, however, have much lesser spatial hindrance for intermolecular π–π stacking, which modulates the structural and electronic properties of the emitters in the host matrix. The influence of dynamic and static disorders on the radiative and nonradiative recombination processes is also investigated and it is found that the rates of nonradiative recombination are small, which opens the way to 100% internal quantum efficiency for the doublet‐based emission process.
Transition Metal‐Free Aroylation of Diarylmethanes with N‐Bn‐N‐Boc Arylamides and N‐Acylpyrroles
Authors: Yang Fan , Zou Dong , Chen Shuguang , Wang Huan , Zhao Yichen , Zhao Liyi , Li Linlin , Li Jie , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the last 20 years, efficient transition metal catalysts for the α‐arylation of enolates have been introduced. Despite the popularity and utility of these reactions, there remains room for improvement (reduced costs, elimination of transition metals and specialized ligands). Herein is reported a general, scalable and green method for aroylation of simple diarylmethane pronucleophiles through direct acyl C−N cleavage of N‐Bn−N‐Boc arylamides and N‐acylpyrroles under transition metal‐free conditions. Importantly, a 1 : 1 ratio of the amide to the pronucleophile is employed. Unlike use of Weinreb amides, this method avoids preformed organometallics (organolithium and Grignard reagents) and does not employ cryogenic temperatures, which are difficult and costly to achieve on scale. The operationally simple protocol provides straightforward access to a variety of sterically and electronically diverse 1,2,2‐triarylethanones, a group of compounds with high‐value in medicinal chemistry.magnified image
Historical biogeography of Vochysiaceae reveals an unexpected perspective of plant evolution in the Neotropics
Authors: Gonçalves Deise J. P. , Shimizu Gustavo H. , Ortiz Edgardo M. , Jansen Robert K. , Simpson Beryl B. 
Published: July 2020

PremiseDespite the fast pace of exploration of the patterns and processes influencing Neotropical plant hyperdiversity, the taxa explored are mostly from large groups that are widely distributed, morphologically diverse, or economically important. Vochysiaceae is an example of an undersampled taxon, providing an excellent system for investigating Neotropical biogeography. We present a phylogenomics‐based hypothesis of species relationships in Vochysiaceae to investigate its evolutionary history through space and time.MethodsWe inferred a phylogeny for 122 species from Vochysiaceae and seven other families of Myrtales. Fossils from four myrtalean families were used to estimate the divergence times within Vochysiaceae. Historical biogeography was estimated using ancestral range probabilities and stochastic mapping.ResultsMonophyly of all genera was supported except for Qualea, which was split by Ruizterania into two clades. Vochysiaceae originated ~100 mya, splitting into an Afrotropical and a Neotropical lineage ~50 mya, and its ancestral range is in the area currently occupied by the Cerrado.ConclusionsThe most recent common ancestor of Vochysiaceae + Myrtaceae had a West Gondwanan distribution, supporting a South American + African ancestral range of Vochysiaceae. On a global scale, geographic range reduction was the principal biogeographic event. At a finer scale, initial range reduction was also important and the Cerrado region was the most ancestral area with multiple colonization events to the Amazon, Central America, and the Atlantic Forest. Colonization events occurred from open areas to forest vegetation, an unusual finding regarding the evolution of plants in the Neotropics.
Polymers for dye transfer inhibition in laundry applications
Authors: Boardman Saskia J. , Hayward Adam S. , Lant Neil J. , Fossum Renae D. , Thornton Paul D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe deposition of dyes onto lightly colored garments, or onto lighter sections of multicolored garments, during laundry results in fabric discoloration. In particular, there is a requirement to restrict indigo dye transfer between garments. Polymers may be added to detergent formulations as dye transfer inhibitors to prevent dye transfer by blocking the deposition of fugitive dyes in aqueous solution. This article reports the generation of a range of dye transfer inhibitors produced by condensation reactions that are effective in preventing the transfer of unbound indigo dye to a variety of fiber types. Key design rules relating to polymer hydrophilicity and pendant polymer functionality were established for the creation of effective dye transfer inhibitors. Remarkably, polymers at concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/ml were found to be effective in inhibiting indigo deposition on a variety of fiber types, offering great promise for their inclusion within laundry detergent formulations as dye transfer inhibitors.
Analysis of the positional relationship of the long thoracic nerve considering clinical treatment
Authors: O Jehoon , Kwon Hyun‐Jin , Cho Tae‐Hyeon , Won Sung‐Yoon , Yang Hun‐Mu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe long thoracic nerve (LTN) has a risk of being damaged during chest surgery and should be considered when performing anesthesia such as a serratus anterior plane block (SAPB). We analyzed the relationship between landmarks—the fourth to ninth intercostal space (ICS) at the midaxillary line (MAL), through which the distal part of the LTN passes—and the LTN.Materials and methodsWe used 25 specimens from 17 embalmed Korean cadavers. The MAL, level of rib and ICS, and regions 5 cm anteroposterior to the MAL (aMAL/pMAL) were established to measure the position of the LTN crossing the MAL, pathway of the LTN, and entering points of the LTN to the SA.ResultsThe LTN crossed the MAL in 76% of the specimens. The LTN crossed the MAL within the fifth to sixth rib level in 70.8%. Seventy‐six percent of the branches entered the SA within the fourth to sixth ICS. The fifth rib and ICS were the most frequent regions aMAL; however, several branches were found pMAL. The LTN entered the SA in 92.6% of the specimens within 3 cm anterior and 1 cm posterior to the MAL.ConclusionsWe set the danger zone as 4 cm near the MAL at the fourth to sixth ICS for thoracotomy. In addition, we proposed the fifth ICS in aMAL at the superficial plane as the alternative injection point for SAPB when blocking the LTN, and the fifth ICS in pMAL at the deep plane to prevent blocking the LTN.
Living in Paradox: Midlevel Leadership in Administrative Affairs
Authors: Baber Lorenzo DuBois 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to explore the contemporary leadership issues and opportunities among those who lead administrative affairs functions from the middle of the organization. Included is a summary of the general challenges of administrative leadership, followed by specific considerations of the paradoxical environment at community colleges, and an examination of Janusian‐thinking as a path forward.
Ghost chest tube after talc pleurodesis
Authors: Matsumoto Takeshi , Kusakabe Yusuke , Yamamoto Naoki , Aihara Kensaku 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAfter the talc pleurodesis, CT showed the tract made from the chest tube even after its removal. The unexpanded thoracic space might also contribute to it; thus, gathering specific medical history is important to understand this rare phenomenon.
Role of CD68 immunohistochemistry in categorizing benign nonmesothelial cell population and refining “atypical” category in serous fluid cytology
Authors: Savari Omid , Jassim Sarmad , Ferrer Hector , Ganocy Stephen J. , Ganesan Santhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBody fluids are rich in histiocytes and may mimic atypical epithelial cells morphologically. Histiocytes can pose a significant challenge in serous fluid cytology as they tend to appear atypical due to prolonged accumulation in serous fluids in vivo and processing by liquid‐based cytology in vitro. Not many studies have documented the utilization of histiocytic marker such as CD68 in serous fluid cytology, which can subsequently reduce the “atypical” diagnostic category.MethodsOne thousand one hundred and twenty‐nine cases of serous fluid cytology from 2016 to 2019 were reviewed and reclassified based on proposed classification of the international system for reporting serous fluid cytology. There were 133 cases with atypical diagnoses, out of which 51 cases had cellblocks. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel, including two mesothelial markers, two epithelial markers, and one histiocytic marker was applied to the atypical samples. Same IHC panel was utilized to evaluate 15 cases each from negative for malignancy (NFM), suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and malignant (MAL) categories for further comparison.ResultsAfter reevaluation of the cytology material with IHC stains, 924 (82%), 133 (12%), 23 (2%), and 49 (4%) of the cases were reclassified as NFM, atypia of uncertain significance, SFM, and MAL, respectively. Twenty‐five out of 51 atypical cases (49%) were downgraded to “benign” after reevaluation with CD68 IHC.ConclusionHistiocytes can mimic atypical epithelial cells in body fluids. Effective utilization of CD68 IHC will be beneficial in further refining the “atypical” diagnostic category in serous fluid cytology.
The role of papillary skin glands in guiding mouse pups to the nipple
Authors: Klaey‐Tassone Magali , Schaal Benoist , Durand Karine , Patris Bruno ,   MILKODOR Consortium
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe nipple odor of lactating mice (Mus musculus) plays a crucial role in attracting newborn pups and motivating them to suck milk. The characteristic odor of a lactating murine nipple is assumed to be a mixture of multiple odorous substrates, that is, milk, dam's and pups’ saliva, skin glands’ secretions, and amniotic fluid. The present study aimed to characterize the behavioral activity of the original odor mixture that develops over the nipples in the first 2 days postpartum. We extracted this odor mixture in water and evaluated its attractive and appetitive potencies using two behavioral assays (viz., relative attraction and oral activation assays). It resulted that the so‐called nipple wash was as appetitive as fresh milk, and even more attractive than it. The behavioral potency of the nipples was shown to be specific to lactating nipples (relative to nulliparous nipples) and to be preserved for 2 weeks when stored at −80°C. Finally, we perfected a nipple deodorization procedure by inactivating the nipples’ behavioral potency. We observed that such altered appetitive potency was fully restored 30 min after its washing, but without any maternal self‐licking and pups’ sucking, indicating that the secretions of the nipple skin glands’ were sufficient to explain the success of neonatal guidance to the nipple.
A transgene targeted to the zebrafish nkx2.4b locus drives specific green fluorescent protein expression and disrupts thyroid development
Authors: Hutcheson David A. , Xie Yuanyuan , Figueroa Priscilla , Dorsky Richard I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the goal of labeling and manipulating the zebrafish hypothalamus, we sought to target a green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgene to the expression domains of nkx2.4b, a gene expressed during hypothalamic and thyroid development. We combined transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs)‐mediated mutagenesis with a targeting construct to enable insertion of a gfp transgene into the endogenous nkx2.4b genomic locus.ResultsInjection of TALENs targeted to the first exon of nkx2.4b created a predicted null allele, and homozygous mutant embryos displayed loss of thyroid markers. From embryos injected with both TALENs and a targeting construct carrying a gfp transgene, we recovered a line in which GFP was expressed specifically in the hypothalamus and thyroid. Fish homozygous for this allele lacked exon 1 of nkx2.4b and exhibited hypothyroid phenotypes.ConclusionsBy combining TALENs injections with a targeting construct that contained a gfp transgene, we were able to recover an allele in which GFP is expressed in the nkx2.4b expression domains, with homozygous phenotypes suggesting the creation of a loss‐of‐function transgenic line. These results demonstrate the creation of a useful tool for studying hypothalamus and thyroid development.
Influence of Methanol on Prion Reduction during High Temperature and High Pressure Oleochemical Processes
Authors: Mohammadi Behnam , Raudner Robert , Shafiq Mohsin , Ahn Edgar , Altmeppen Hermann C. , Glatzel Markus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrion‐reduction in standard biodiesel processes is caused by acidic and alkaline conditions. In the alternative RepCat biodiesel process, efficient prion‐reduction can be achieved by high‐temperature/pressure. However, a possible increase in thermostability of prions in the presence of methanol during these conditions has not previously been investigated, and is verified in this work. Samples are spiked with prions, treated with methanol, and incubated at 220 °C at 80 bar for 30 min. No traces of protease‐resistant prion protein (as proxy for prions) are detected in tallow or glycerine (as the final by‐product) after treatment. Serial dilutions of spiked prions show at least 6 log10 prion reduction. More importantly, similar effects are detected using milder conditions of 200 °C at 70 bar for 15 min, representing the worst‐case conditions of the process. In conclusion, this study shows that methanol does not increase the thermostability of prions and the RepCat process can efficiently eliminate prions and is therefore safe for the usage of category 1 tallow.Practical Applications: The study further supports the applicability of RepCat process in reducing prion‐contamination in the presence of methanol. Furthermore, the conditions leads to a considerable reduction of prions in glycerine obtained as by‐product.
Preparation, thermal properties and permeabilities of aluminum‐coated fabrics destined for thermal radiation protective clothing
Authors: Zhu FL , Feng QQ 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this study, radiant reflective, flame retardant and water vapor permeable coatings were fabricated on aramid fabric (AF) for thermal radiation protective clothing by using a simple cost‐effective coating method, which included an aluminum paste, APP‐PER‐MEL and a silk fibroin powder in the TPU solution system. The permeability, flame retardancy, thermal stability, radiative spectral reflectance, as well as RPP of these prepared fabrics were characterized and compared with the pure AF and aluminum‐foiled AF (AF‐AF). Results show that the newly developed aluminized AF had rather high permeability, and the permeable capability would be further enhanced with the additive of silk fibroin powder. The flame retardancy (FR) of the coated fabric sample was also achieved by introducing an intumescent FR system. In contrast to the pure AF, the aluminum‐coated AF provided higher levels of radiation protection in RPP testing. This was further confirmed by the fact that aluminum‐coated AF exhibited comparative high average reflectivities (more than 0.7) in the radiant spectral range of 1547 nm to 2500 nm. Thus, the aluminum‐coated AF prepared by functional coating method exhibit great and competitive practicability in thermal protective clothing due to their excellent moisture comfort and radiant thermal protection.