bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Honneur du politique » et « honneur du fonctionnaire » selon Max Weber : quels prolongements contemporains pour le service public ? Réflexions d’un manager public
Authors: Albertini Jean-Benoît 
Published: November 2020

La société exprime des attentes renouvelées – et parfois ambivalentes – envers les services publics pour une réponse efficiente et réactive face aux enjeux de cohésion sociale et territoriale et de responsabilité environnementale. Dans le même temps, la crise de la représentation politique appelle un nouvel engagement citoyen dans lequel la décision publique devrait être davantage éclairée par les principes de coconstruction, d’évaluation et de participation ainsi que par des modes d’adaptation/différenciation territoriale qui s’inscrivent désormais dans notre droit. Dans ce contexte, le manager public se voit interpellé avec force : il ne peut pelus seulement être « la main de la loi », mais doit rendre explicites et concrètes les valeurs qui nourrissent le débat démocratique et l’action publique. Sans renoncer aux principes fondateurs de la fonction publique en matière d’impartialité et de neutralité, il est appelé à manifester un engagement renouvelé au service d’une citoyenneté active et responsable, en « habitant » sa fonction et en donnant corps, plus que jamais, à des fonctions explicites ou implicites de médiation et de régulation, mais aussi d’implication active au service de la transmission de valeurs qui fondent le pacte social.
Community screening for undiagnosed dysglycaemia in a semi-urban locality in Sri Lanka
Authors: Amarasinghe A. T. I. M. , Lekamwasam S. , Weerarathna T. P. , Sumanatilleke M. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Previous studies on the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in Sri Lanka have shown conflicting results. We studied the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 75g oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) test among a representative sample of adults in a semi-urban locality in Southern Sri Lanka. Sensitivity and specificity of FPG over OGTT in diagnosing pre-diabetes and diabetes were calculated. Methods: Healthy adults, aged 20-75 years, selected by multi-stage random sampling from one medical officer of health area in Southern Sri Lanka were screened with FPG and 75g OGTT. Subjects known to have diabetes were excluded. Results: Mean (SD) age of men (n=234) and women (n=593) were 44 (10.1) and 43(10.8) years, respectively. With OGTT, 157 (19.0%) subjects had impaired glucose tolerance while another 60(7.3%) had diabetes. WithFPG, 270 (32.6%) had impaired fasting glycaemia while another 51(6.2%) had diabetes. Prevalence of prediabetes or diabetes was not different among men and women by OGTT; 55 (23.5%) vs 162 (27.3%), p=0.293while it was significantly different by FPG; 107 (45.7%) vs 214 (36.1%), p=0.011. Prevalence of pre-diabetes or diabetes was significantly higher in age group ≥45 yrs compared to age <45 yrs by both tests. FPG showed low sensitivity (44.7%) but higher (76.1%) specificity of detecting dysglycaemia. FPG showed sensitivity of 53.3% and specificity of 97.5% in detecting undetected diabetes. Conclusions: Prevalence of pre-diabetes is higher than in previous studies in Sri Lanka. Significantly higher proportion of males compared to females, had pre-diabetes or diabetes by FPG test. Compared to subjects age <45 years, the prevalence of pre-diabetes or diabetes was significantly higher among those ≥45 years. FPG lacks adequate sensitivity and specificity to detect those with diabetes or dysglycaemia.
Comparison of maternal and foetal outcomes between adolescent and adult pregnancies; a descriptive cross sectional study
Authors: Dasanayake D. L. W. , Kularathna W. G. P. N. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is a global issue and the trend is increasing specially in South East Asia. Pregnancies at a younger age have major maternal and fetal health consequences. The aim of this study was to compare selected maternal and fetal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies with its adult counterpart in atertiary care center. Methods: A hospital based descriptive study was conducted at Teaching Hospital Mahamodara (THM), Galle. One hundred adolescent mothers (10-19 years) were compared with 100 adult mothers (20 -35 years) who had singleton uncomplicated pregnancy. Pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire was used as the tool to collect data on basic demography, perinatal, maternal outcomes and mode of delivery. Chi-squared test and t-test were used to compare data and presented as proportions, mean (SD), with 95% CI. Results: Mean (SD) age at delivery of adolescent and adult mothers were 18 (0.2) and 27 (0.8) years respectively. Of the adolescent mothers 16% were unmarried. More adolescent mothers had anaemia compared to adults (38% vs. 32%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.37). Adolescent mothers had higher pre term delivery rate compared to adult mothers (23% vs.15%) but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.18). There were no significant differences in birth weight (2.77 vs. 2.82; p=0.5) rate of admissions to premature baby unit (6% vs. 7%; p=0.8) and mean APGAR scores (9.9 vs 9.8; p=0.3) between the two groups. A significantly greater proportion of vaginal deliveries were carried out in adolescents compared to adults (75% vs. 55%; p= 0.003). Conclusions: Adolescent mothers underwent a significantly larger proportion of vaginal deliveries compared to adults. Though not significant, anaemia and preterm deliveries were higher than in their adult counter-parts. There was no significant difference between the two groups for the selected perinatal outcomes.
Overexpression of Macrophage-Inducible C-Type Lectin Mincle Aggravates Proinflammatory Responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae with Fatal Outcome in Mice
Authors: Hollwedel Femke D. , Maus Regina , Stolper Jennifer , Khan Ayesha , Stocker Bridget L. , Timmer Mattie S. M. , Lu Xiuyuan , Pich Andreas , Welte Tobias , Yamasaki Sho , Maus Ulrich A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle)–dependent sensing of pathogens triggers proinflammatory immune responses in professional phagocytes that contribute to protecting the host against pathogen invasion. In this study, we examined whether overexpression of Mincle that is designed to improve early pathogen sensing by professional phagocytes would improve lung-protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae in mice. Proteomic profiling of alveolar macrophages of Mincle transgenic (tg) mice stimulated with the Mincle-specific pneumococcal ligand glucosyl-diacylglycerol (Glc-DAG) revealed increased Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and downstream IL-1β cytokine release that was not observed in Glc-DAG–stimulated Mincle knockout or Nlrp3 knockout macrophages. Along this line, Mincle tg mice also responded with a stronger Nlrp3 expression and early proinflammatory cytokine release after challenge with S. pneumoniae, ultimately leading to fatal pneumonia in the Mincle tg mice. Importantly, Nlrp3 inhibitor treatment of Mincle tg mice significantly mitigated the observed hyperinflammatory response to pneumococcal challenge. Together, we show that overexpression of the pattern recognition receptor Mincle triggers increased Glc-DAG–dependent Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in professional phagocytes leading to fatal pneumococcal pneumonia in mice that is amenable to Nlrp3 inhibitor treatment. These data show that ectopic expression of the Mincle receptor confers increased susceptibility rather than resistance to S. pneumoniae in mice, thus highlighting the importance of an inducible Mincle receptor expression in response to microbial challenge.
CD28 Agonism Improves Survival in Immunologically Experienced Septic Mice via IL-10 Released by Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Sun Yini , Xie Jianfeng , Anyalebechi Jerome C. , Chen Ching-wen , Sun He , Xue Ming , Liang Zhe , Morrow Kristen N. , Coopersmith Craig M. , Ford Mandy L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Immune dysregulation during sepsis is mediated by an imbalance of T cell costimulatory and coinhibitory signaling. CD28 is downregulated during sepsis and is significantly altered on memory versus naive T cells. Thus, to study the role of CD28 during sepsis in a more physiologically relevant context, we developed a “memory mouse” model in which animals are subjected to pathogen infections to generate immunologic memory, followed by sepsis induction via cecal ligation and puncture. Using this system, we show that agonistic anti-CD28 treatment resulted in worsened survival in naive septic animals but conferred a significant survival advantage in immunologically experienced septic animals. Mechanistically, this differential response was driven by the ability of CD28 agonism to elicit IL-10 production from regulatory T cells uniquely in memory but not naive mice. Moreover, elevated IL-10 released by activated regulatory T cells in memory mice inhibited sepsis-induced T cell apoptosis via the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Together, these data demonstrate that immunologic experience is an important parameter that affects sepsis pathophysiology and can fundamentally change the outcome of modulating the CD28 pathway during sepsis. This study suggests that testing therapeutic strategies in immunologically experienced hosts may be one way to increase the physiologic relevance of rodent models in sepsis research.
“Christie Regimen” palliative radiotherapy in advanced head-and-neck cancer
Authors: Srivastava Anurita , Adhikari Narayan , Sonkar Deepak Raj , Singh Kishore , Rathi Arun Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Relevance of aggressive treatment in advanced head neck squamous cell cancers(HNSCC) is debatable in view of expected poor outcome. Long treatment duration only adds up to the cost of treatment without any improvements in outcomes.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the outcomes of hypofractionated “Christie” palliative radiotherapy regimen in advanced HNSCC

Materials and Methods:
Patients of advanced HNSCC registered from June 2015 to June 2019 were treated by parallel pair field technique on Cobalt60 machine (Theatron 780E) to total dose of 50 Gray/16 fractions over 3.2 weeks. Toxicity was scored using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria and response was evaluated as per WHO criteria.

Results:
Records of 110 patients of HNSCC with mean age of 56.19 years were analysed. Evaluation at 4-8 weeks after radiotherapy resulted in a complete response (CR) in 19.1%, partial response (PR) in 32.7%, stable disease (SD) in 29.1% and progressive disease (PD) in 3.6%, while 15.5% patients did not report for post treatment evaluation. Median progression free survival was 9.52 months (95% CI 5.9 – 13.1 months). The median overall survival was 12.7 ± 2.2 months (95% CI 8.2 – 17.2). Median time to progression after completion of radiotherapy was 84 days. Grade IV dermatitis and mucositis was encountered in 2.7% and 1.8% cases respectively, requiring hospitalization.

Conclusion:
Christie regimen for advanced HNSCC is a clinically viable option with acceptable outcomes in a resource constrained setting.
Prognostic and clinicopathologic value of ki-67 and profilin 1 immunohistochemical expression in primary pT1 urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Culpan Meftun , Turan Turgay , Ozkanli Sidika Seyma , Zenginkinet Tulay , Kazan Ozgur , Ucar Taha , Atis Gokhan , Caskurlu Turhan , Yildirim Asif 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the prognostic and clinicopathologic value of Ki-67 and profilin 1 immunohistochemical expression in primary pT1 papillary urothelial bladder cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 88 male and 13 female pT1 primary bladder cancer patients. Demographic characteristics, tumor histological grade, tumor number, presence of concomitant carcinoma in situ, tumor size, and status of recurrence or progression were recorded for each patient. Expression of Ki-67 and profilin 1 was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. The Pearson's Chi-square test was used for the analysis of qualitative data, and the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test were used for the survival analysis.

Results:
In the mean follow-up period of 52 months, 52 (51.5%) patients experienced recurrence, 24 (23.8%) patients experienced progression, and 17 (16.8%) patients died from bladder cancer-related causes. Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with tumor histological grade (P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, Ki-67 positivity had significantly worse outcome for recurrence (P = 0.006) and mortality (P = 0.022). Ki-67-positive (Ki-67 index ≥15%) patients had shorter recurrence-free (P = 0.003), progression-free (P = 0.002), and cancer-specific (P = 0.003) survival. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between profilin 1 expression and clinicopathologic features and prognosis.

Conclusions:
Ki-67 is a highly predictive biomarker for recurrence-free, progression-free, and cancer-specific survival in pT1 bladder cancer patients, in whom prediction of recurrence and progression are difficult. Ki-67 expression can be safely combined with other prognostic factors. However, in pT1 bladder cancer patients, no significant relationship was found between profilin 1 expression and tumor characteristics or prognostic parameters.
Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Ethiopia for Skin Disorder
Authors: Zenebech Adela , Asres Kaleab , Tsige Gebre-Mariam 
Published: November 2020

Hydroalcoholic extracts of four different plant species [Artimesia absinthum L. (Asteraceae), Asparagusafricanus Lam. (Liliaceae), Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) and Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae)]commonly used in traditional medicine in Ethiopia for the treatment of skin disorders were evaluated fortheir potential antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria (Escherhia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and fungi (Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum,Microsporum canis, Trichophyton verrucosum, and Trichophyton violaceum) using agar diffusion method. Allthe extracts showed antibacterial activities against one or more test organisms. The extract of N. sativa seedsexhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all the bacterial species tested. The minimum inhibitoryconcentrations (MICs) of the methanolic extract of N. sativa seeds were 0.156 and 2.5 mg/ml on standardstrains of S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. Successive extraction of the seeds of N. sativa withpetroleum ether, chloroform, acetone and methanol revealed that the chloroform extract exhibited largerdiameter of zone of inhibitions against the test organisms. Phytochemical screening of the total extract of N.sativa powdered seeds revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and steroids which arethought to be responsible for the activity of the extracts of N. sativa seeds. Of the various, topicalformulations of the crude extract of N. sativa seeds, the O/W emulsion based formulation showed largerdiameter of zone of inhibition. In mice paw oedema induced by carrageenan, the crude extract of N. sativa ata dose of 300 mg/kg showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity (64.2%) followed by A. Africanus(50.1%).
Keywords: skin disorders, plant extracts, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, minimum inhibitoryconcentration
Antibacterial activities and phytochemical screening of crude extract of <i>Carica papaya</i> leaf against selected pathogens
Authors: Ajiboye A.E. , Olawoyin R.A. 
Published: November 2020

Carica papaya commonly known as paw paw belongs to the family of Curcubitaceae and commonly grown in tropical regions. It possesses antimicrobial, antihelmintic and antioxidant properties. The study assessed the antibacterial potency of Carica papaya against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Acetone and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Carica papaya were obtained using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was done using agar well diffusion methods. The Minimum inhibitory and Minimum bactericidal concentrations were done using standard procedures. The antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of Carica papaya against the test organisms revealed that acetone extract showed maximum zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 17.90±0.10mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest inhibitory effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae with a zone of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 mg/ml, the aqueous extract showed maximum zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 15.50±0.50mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest zone of inhibition was on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 g/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of acetone and aqueous extract was 40 mg/ml and 50mg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the extracts ranges from 40-60mg/ml. The qualitative phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of tannins, saponnin, alkaloids and steroid. The quantitative phytochemicals revealed 0.70% of flavonoids, 0.48% of alkaloids, 1.02% of tannin, 0.11% of steroids and 1.08% of glycoside. The result obtained revealed that crude extracts of Carica papaya leaves has antibacterial activities against the test organisms.
Keywords: Carica papaya, Phytochemical screening, Pathogens, Antibacterial activity
Assessment of background ionizing radiation dose levels in quarry sites located in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Echeweozo E.O. , Ugbede F.O. 
Published: November 2020

The study presents a radiometric survey of Background Ionizing Radiation (BIR) dose levels in ten quarry sites located in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. In-situ BIR dose rate measurements, by means of nuclear radiation survey meter, at 1 m above ground level were carried out at the excavation section (ES) and quarrying section (QS) of the investigated quarry sites. The obtained results indicated dose rates ranging from from 0.14 to 0.18 μSv/h with mean of 0.15±0.01 μSv/h at the ES and 0.16 to 0.19 μSv/h with mean value of 0.18±0.01 μSv/h at the QS. While the values obtained at the QS are respectively higher than those measured at the ES, they are all higher than the worldwide average value of 84 nSv/h signifying BIR elevated environments. The estimated mean annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) are 0.27±0.03 mSv/y and 0.94×10–3 respectively at the ES and 0.31±0.02 mSv/y and 1.07×10–3 at the QS. The obtained AED values for all the sites are well above the outdoor worldwide average value of 0.07 mSv/y but lower than the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended permissible limits of 1.0 mSv/y for the general public. Generally, the BIR levels of the quarry sites are within acceptable limits and no immediate radiological health threat may be derived from the current levels. However, long-term health effects due to continuous exposure to low-level radiation doses may manifested in future over a lifetime exposure of 70 years as indicated by the ELCR values.
Keywords: Background ionizing radiation, Dose rate, Annual effective dose, Quarry site, Ebonyi State
ЛАТЫН ӘЛІПБИІН ҚАБЫЛДАУ – БОЛАШАҚПЕН САНАСУ
Authors: Темірбаева А. Д. , Ордабекова Х.А. 
Published: November 2020

Аңдатпа. Аталған мақалада латын әліпбиіне көшудегі мақсат, ұлттық жазуды қалыптастыру, жаңа әліпби негізіндегі қазақ тілі емлесінің ережелері, жазу мәдениетін компьютер техникасы арқылы дамыту қарастырылады. Мақаланың кіріспесінде латын әліпбиінің әлемде кеңінен қолданылуы, қазіргі латын әліпбиіндегі 25 таңба, әлем елдерінің 80-нен астамы латыннегізді әліпбиді пайдаланатындығы туралы ақпарат келтіріледі.
Әлемдік тәжірибеге сүйене отырып қазақ тілінің заңдылықтарына сай өз әліпбиімізді латын қарпі негізінде жасау мәселесі көтеріледі. Рухани жаңғыру негізінде қолға алынған қазақ жазуына реформа жасау «Цифрлы Қазақстан» мемлекеттік бағдарламасының аясында латын негізді әліпбиді оңтайлы әрі жеңіл қолданысқа енгізу цифрлық технологиялар арқылы жүзеге асыру көзделеді. Бұл бағдарламаның негізгі мақсаттарының бірі білім беру саласында сандық сауаттылықты меңгерту, білім сапасын арттыру үшін дүниежүзілік тәжірибеден үздік инновациялық әдіс-тәсілдерді қолдану аясында жүзеге асырылатындығы айтылады. Кілт сөздер: жаңа әліпби, латын, цифрлық технология, емле ереже, білім беру.
Түйін сөздер: жаңа әліпби, латын, цифрлық технология, емле ереже.
A cross sectional study to assess nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare professionals in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Fibhaa Syed  , Nasim Akhtar  , Mohammad Ali Arif  , Adil Ramzan  , Rauf Niazi  , Syed ubaid Hasnain  , Muhammad Danish Hanif  , Sana Asghar  , Aamna Naheed  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To determine the nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers in a tertiary care setting.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from April to July 2018, and comprised healthcare workers at the institution. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar. Mannitol fermenting colonies which were gram-positive cocci, catalase-positive and coagulase-positive were identified as staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected using cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 210 nasal swabs, 52(24.76%) had a staphylococcus aureus growth, and, of them, 15(7.1%) were methicillin-resistant. No association could be established with either any single category of healthcare worker or an inter-department variation (p>0.05). Likewise, there was no association with age, gender, duration of service, smoking, co-morbidities, use of antibiotics in the preceding six months, treating a patient with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the preceding six months and hospitalisation in the preceding year (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The frequency of nasal carriage of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus amongst healthcare workers was regardless of the nature of their professional engagement.
Key Words: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, Nasal carriage, Continuous...
Pre-service Teachers Perceptions’ of Tutoring Program: Case Study of Teacher College Model in Mauritania
Authors: Leghdaf Abdellahi Mohamed , Tadesse Endale , Khalid Sabika 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to investigate the perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding their tutoring program at teacher college model in Mauritania.
Approach/Methodology/Design: Explanatory Sequential design was adopted. Hence, a survey questionnaire and interviews were developed to gather data from 80 pre-service teachers, 20 in-service teachers, and 2 mentors.
Findings: The findings of the study revealed that internship training has a significant impact on the development of pre-service teachers, but the teacher trainees did not get enough time for internship training sessions due to the workload of the theoretical courses. Mentors and management support were found insignificant to the development of teacher college model trainees.
Practical Implications: The study provides a systematic evaluation of the current in-service teacher training programs. It reflects certain aspects of the status quo, and hence it will be useful for the concerned authorities in the field of teacher education.
Originality/value: Teacher College Model has to adjust the levels of its tutoring where the study found that teacher trainees suffer the short-term practicum while they are complaining about the workload of coursework. Another way of the assessment regarding the tutoring program could be including observation. It is suggested that a qualitative study where researchers can spend more time at the teacher college model and with teaching staff observing the different aspects of the tutoring program.