bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV protease inhibitors saquinavir and nelfinavir are potent inhibitors of cathepsin L activity: A potential treatment for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Montenegro Marcelo Freitas , Al-Abed Yousef , He Mingzhu , Tracey Kevin J. , Billiar Timothy R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) has mobilized efforts worldwide, and several ongoing clinical trials aimed at developing a drug-based treatment for its control. Cathepsin L is an endosomal cysteine protease that mediates the cleavage of the S1 subunit of the coronavirus surface spike glycoprotein. This cleavage is necessary for coronavirus entry into human host cells and viruses/host cell endosome membrane fusion. Therefore, cathepsin L is a potential target for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In this report, we describe a previously unknown inhibitory effect of two FDA-approved drugs, saquinavir and nelfinavir, on human cathepsin L activity. Whether the pivotal role for cathepsin L in Sars-Cov-2 infection described in vitro can be translated to humans, our results support immediate clinical trials of saquinavir or nelfinavir as a potential treatment for COVID-19 patients.
Relationships between ideal figure, lifestyle habits, physical activity and self-rated health in Japanese female healthcare students
Authors: Ohtsuki Makoto , Wakasugi Yusuke , Narukawa Takuhiro , Uehara Shunsuke , Ohkubo Takeshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Self-rated health (SRH), a subjective perception of an individual’s overall health, is widely used in public health. The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is a critical period, with significant changes in lifestyle and dietary habits. It is therefore important to understand the self-rated health of young Japanese women. The aim of this study to provide basic data on the epidemiological features of SRH in female students of healthcare subjects, including their recognition of appropriate physique, lifestyle habits, and levels of physical activity.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a total of 1101 female students of healthcare subjects in Japan. Body mass index was calculated from body height and weight using data from periodic health examinations, and lifestyle habits, physical activity, and self-rated health were self-reported using several previously-validated scales. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between self-rated health and scores for lifestyle habits and physical activity, adjusting for grade and smoking.
Results
The odds ratio of poor/fair self-rated health was 1.87 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.13–3.24) for lower vs higher levels of activity, 5.38 (3.59–8.10) for those with vs. without insomnia, and 0.44 (0.28–0.69) for the group who wanted to be thin, rather than those whose ideal weight was standard.
Conclusions
Young women tend to want to be thin, so it is important to provide health education that will help them to understand appropriate weight on a medical basis, and prevent health problems caused by the inappropriate idealization of thinness.
Triptanophobia in migraine: A case-control study on the causes and consequences of the non-use of triptans in chronic migraine patients.
Authors: Martinez-Pías Enrique , Garcia-Azorin David , Minguez-Olaondo Ane , Trigo Javier , Sierra Álvaro , Ruiz Marina , Guerrero Ángel L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Triptanophobia is the excessive and inadequately justified concern about the potential risks of triptans. In this study we evaluate the possible causes of non-use of triptans in chronic migraine patients and the possible consequences.
Results

We included 941 patients, 86.2% female with a mean age of 39.9 years. Mean number of headache days per month was 24.1. The number of patients using triptans was 247 (26.2%). Triptans had been discontinued due to adverse events in 116 patients (12.3%), so 578 patients (61.4%) were triptan naïve. Formal contraindications were found in 23 patients (2.4%). Frequency of vascular risk factors, contraceptive use or age did not differ between the groups (p > 0.1). Participants with triptans used symptomatic medication fewer days per month (13.9 vs. 17.1, p < 0.001), had used prior prophylactic treatment more frequently (79.4% vs. 34.8%, p < 0.001) and presented symptomatic medication overuse less frequently (55.1% vs. 63.0%, p = 0.03).
Conclusion

Triptans were not used in three-quarters of chronic migraine patients. Non-use of triptans was not justified by inadequate tolerability, frequency of formal contraindications or frequency of vascular risk factors. Triptan use was associated with a better clinical situation at the moment of referral to a headache unit.
COVID-19 Pneumonia: Inter-Observer Agreement and Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest CT in Patients with Intermediate Clinical Probability
Authors: BRUN Anne-Laure , GENCE-BRENEY Alexia , TRICHEREAU Julie , BALLESTER Marie-Christine , VASSE Marc , CHABI Marie-Laure , MELLOT François 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives To assess inter-reader agreements and diagnostic accuracy of chest CT to identify COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with intermediate clinical probability during an acute disease outbreak.Methods:From March 20 to April 8, consecutive patients with intermediate clinical probability of COVID-19 pneumonia underwent a chest CT scan. Two independent chest radiologists blinded to clinical information and RT-PCR results retrospectively reviewed and classified images on a 1-5 confidence level scale for COVID-19 pneumonia. Agreements between radiologists were assessed with kappa statistics. Diagnostic accuracy of chest CT compared to RT-PCR assay and patient outcomes was measured using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for COVID-19 pneumonia were calculated.Results: 319 patients with a mean age of 62.3 yo were included. Inter-observer agreement for highly probable (kappa: 0.83 [p < .001]) and highly probable or probable (kappa: 0.82 [p < .001]) diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia was very good. RT-PCR tests performed in 307 patients were positive in 173 and negative in 134. Sixteen patients with negative RT-PCR tests and probable or highly probable CT patterns according to both radiologists were reclassified COVID-19 positive after clinical discussion. The areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.94 and 0.92 respectively. With a disease prevalence of 61.6%, PPV were 96.6 % and 94.4%, and NPV 84.3% and 78.2%.Conclusion :During acute COVID-19 outbreak, chest CT scan may be used for triage of patients with intermediate clinical probability with very good inter-observer agreements and diagnostic accuracy.
Analysis for spatial-temporal matching pattern between water and land resources in Central Asia
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yan Zhengxiao , Song Jinxi , Wei Anlei , Sun Haotian , Cheng Dandong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCentral Asia, the pioneering place of the ‘Belt and Road’, is under the threat of prominent water issues. Based on the Gini coefficient model and the matching index, the amount of the total renewable water resources and the cultivated land area were introduced to evaluate the matching pattern between the water and land resources in Central Asia. The water problem of Kazakhstan, being the most prominent, shows low water resources per unit area with the highest reclamation rate. The matching degree for the upstream countries of the Aral Sea (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan) was better than those of the downstream countries (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan). The Gini coefficient in Central Asia was 0.32, smaller than that of the global average value (0.59). The overall water available for use and the matching cultivated land resources was reasonable. Large differences exist in the matching degree in water distribution and utilization among Central Asian countries. The matching index of water and land resources in Central Asia was 1.25, similar to the matching degree estimated from the Gini coefficient model. Moreover, rational measures are suggested to alleviate the issue of water and land resources matching in Central Asia.
In-Vitro Screening and Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites from a New Streptomyces sp. SA1 from a Marine Environment
Authors: Almalki Mohammed A. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Streptomyces sp. produces various antibiotic agents and the number of lead
molecules from the genus Streptomyces increased rapidly in recent years. Drug resistance against various
commercially available antibiotics is one of the important problems throughout the world. Streptomyces
spp. produce various antimicrobials with potent activity against drug-resistant bacteria.

Methods:
Streptomyces sp. SA1 was isolated from the marine environment for the biosynthesis of antibiotics.
The important variables influencing secondary metabolite biosynthesis were optimized to increase
the biosynthesis of antimicrobial agents using the traditional method and statistical approach.

Results:
Streptomyces sp. SA1 produced novel antibiotics and the process variables were optimized by
the traditional method (One-variable-at-a-time approach). Maltose showed maximum antimicrobial activity
(220 U/mL). Analysis of the nitrogen, the effect of nitrogen sources revealed that beef extract incorporated
culture medium showed rich antibacterial activity (188/mL). Among the ionic sources, KCl
significantly influenced antibiotic production. Maltose, beef extract and KCl were considered as the
most influencing medium components. Antimicrobial agent biosynthesis was achieved with maltose
1.22 g/L, beef extract 0.93 g/L and KCl 0.27 g/L in response surface methodology.

Conclusion:
Actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces, play an important role as a source for bioactive
compounds that are used to treat infections, and many other diseases. The isolated Streptomyces sp.
was a good producer of antibacterial agent, which required various nutritional supplements in the culture
medium. The optimized medium components investigated in this study will be useful for future
studies with the mass production of secondary metabolites.
Pilot Studies of Concrete Beams Deformability Reinforced with Composite Reinforcement
Authors: Vetrova O. A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of research. Analysis is done on the basis of experimental data of loading level impact on deformability of beams with steel and composite fiberglass reinforcement at prolonged loads.Methods. Experimental studies of concrete bending elements of two series were carried out: the first is reinforced with composite fiberglass reinforcement of ASK class, the second is reinforced with steel reinforcement of А400 class. Studies of experimental samples were carried out under long-term loads. The structures were under different loads during the experiment: at design load, at 1.2 level from design load and at 1.5 from the design load. Concrete deformations and deflections of experimental beams of two series were fixed.Results. Dependence on time of concrete deformations of experimental samples of two series at different loading levels, dependence of deflection growth on load application level, influence dependence of loading level of elements on speed and intensity of creep deformation growth of beams with fiberglass and steel reinforcement are stated on the basis of experimental data. In particular, the bends of all samples with fiberglass reinforcement exceeded the maximum permissible value, while the maximum deflection of reinforced concrete beams in the middle of the section did not exceed maximum permissible value.Conclusion. On the basis of the obtained data, conclusions are drawn on the nature and magnitude of long-term deformations of beams with fiberglass and steel reinforcement at different levels of long-term loads. This conclusion is significant in practical sense when using concrete structures with composite reinforcement taking into account a small number of research data.
THE USE OF PRACTICAL METHODS IN THE STUDY OF THE SUBJECT “NATURAL SCIENCE PICTURE OF THE WORLD” BY HUMANITIES STUDENTS
Authors: Скрипко Зоя Алексеевна 
Published: June 2020

Обсуждается значение предмета «Естественно-научная картина мира» для студентов гуманитарных факультетов, основной задачей которого является формирование естественно-научного мировоззрения. Приводятся наиболее эффективные и научно обоснованные практические методы и подходы, дополняющие лекционный курс и повышающие степень самостоятельной работы студентов-гуманитариев. Использование предложенных методов позволяет определить степень сформированности общекультурных компетенций у студентов. Учитывая гуманитарную направленность студентов, можно предположить, что одним из эффективных методов практических самостоятельных работ является структурирование изучаемого материала путем составления интегративных таблиц, в которых систематизированы естественно-научные знания по определенным разделам, соответствующим изучаемому материалу. Одновременно с этим приводятся наиболее известные культурно-исторические события, относящиеся к данному периоду времени. Использование интегративных таблиц помогает формировать мировоззрение, основанное на понимании связей между природой, человеком, его идеями и развитием человеческой цивилизации. Обращается внимание на специфику лабораторных работ для студентов-гуманитариев.
The importance of the subject “Natural Science Picture of the World” is discussed for students of humanitarian faculties, the main task of which is the formation of a natural science worldview. Given the psychophysiological characteristics of humanities students, practical training methods are proposed for the successful formation of a scientific worldview. The most effective and scientifically based practical methods and approaches are given that complement the lecture course and increase the degree of students’ independent work. Using the proposed methods allows us to determine the degree of formation of general cultural competencies among students. Given the humanitarian orientation of students, it can be assumed that one of the effective methods of practical independent work is the structuring of the material studied by compiling integrative tables. Turning to integrative tables, which systematize natural science knowledge in certain sections corresponding to the material being studied, at the same time, the most famous cultural and historical events related to this period of time are given, students have an increase in the relationship between objects, complex systemic laws occur in the process of integrating knowledge. The use of integrative tables helps to form a worldview based on an understanding of the connections between nature, man, his ideas and the development of human civilization. Also, attention is paid to the specifics of laboratory work for humanities students.
FIRST RESULTS OF RUSSIAN TEACHERS’ WORK IN TAJIKISTAN
Authors: Асанов Юрий Михайлович 
Published: June 2020

Представлены первые результаты совместной работы таджикских и российских преподавателей в учебных заведениях Республики Таджикистан в процессе реализации программы «Русские учителя в Таджикистане». Актуальность темы обусловлена растущей ролью сотрудничества в сфере образования и подготовки кадров, которые лежат в основе абсолютно всех направлений стратегического взаимодействия этих стран. На примере Раштского района Республики Таджикистан отмечается уникальность для новейшей истории российско-таджикских отношений опыта одновременной взаимодополняющей работы преподавателей двух стран как в школе, так и в педагогическом институте. Уделено внимание роли русского языка и русскоязычного образования в Таджикистане, дается анализ нынешней ситуации с функционированием русского языка в республике. Предлагаются пути и способы его дальнейшего совершенствования для того, чтобы существенно расширить возможности практического использования русского языка. Вводится и дается определение новому научному понятию «самовоспроизводящая система». Обосновывается авторское толкование этого термина. Предложены возможности и подходы дальнейшего развития программы «Русские учителя в Таджикистане».
The article discusses the role of the Russian language and Russian education in Tajikistan. The analysis of the current situation with the functioning of the Russian language in the republic is given. The author suggests the ways and the opportunities of its further improvement of significantly expand the possibilities of practical use of the Russian language. Determined the relevance of the article. The article notes that cooperation in the field of education and training lies at the heart of absolutely all areas of strategic cooperation between our countries. The author considers the first results of the joint work of Tajik and Russian teachers in educational institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan. On the example of the Rasht district of the Republic of Tajikistan, the uniqueness of the experience of the simultaneous complementary work of teachers of the two countries both at school and at the pedagogical institute for the recent history of Russian-Tajik relations is noted. The definition of a new scientific concept “self-reproducing system” is introduced and given. The author’s interpretation of this term is substantiated, in contrast to the generally accepted ones. The expediency of attracting non-profit organizations of the two countries to the development of Russian-Tajik educational cooperation is noted. A number of other practical proposals for the development of joint teaching activities in educational institutions of Tajikistan, namely, that the construction of Russian schools will provide an opportunity to create effective centers of culture and education in the regions.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL THEME “RECOVERY METHODS IN PHYSICAL TRAINING OF ELDERLY MEN”
Authors: Пешков Владимир Федорович 
Published: June 2020

Приводятся обоснование, разработка и апробация содержания учебной темы «Восстановительные средства в процессе занятий физической культурой мужчин пожилого возраста», преподаваемой на факультете физической культуры и спорта Томского государственного педагогического университета. Представлен разработанный вариант методики физкультурно-оздоровительных занятий с преимущественным применением силовых упражнений и упражнений на выносливость. Данная направленность физических упражнений учитывает характерные для мужчин пожилого возраста отрицательные инволюционные процессы старения и положительное физиологическое влияние упражнений силовой направленности на органы и функциональные системы организма, уменьшающие эти негативные процессы. Разработана методика применения средств восстановления в процессе физкультурно-оздоровительных занятий мужчин 60–64-летнего возраста, включающая следующие компоненты: средства восстановления; содержание средств; дозировка воздействия; место восстановительных средств в системе физкультурно-оздоровительных занятий в течение недельного цикла. Методика разработана на основе формируемой специфики восстановительных эффектов с применением выбранных средств восстановления и их влияния на замедление процессов старения, а также нагрузочных и постнагрузочных эффектов, вызываемых силовыми упражнениями и упражнениями на силовую выносливость. Доказана эффективность разработанной методики.
The content of the educational theme on the problem of use of recovery methods in healthimproving physical training of elderly men at the age of 60–64 for the academic discipline “Recovery and Preventive Activity in Physical Training”, “Theory and Methodology of Recovery and Preventive Methods” taught at the Faculty of Physical Training and Sports of Tomsk State Pedagogical University has been substantiated, developed and approved. The methodology implying use of recovery methods in health-improving physical training of elderly men at the age of 60–64 has been developed and it includes: recovery methods, content of the methods, dosage of impact, place of recovery methods in a health-improving physical training system in a week period. The technique has been developed on the basis of the formed specifics of recovery effects with the use of the chosen recovery methods and their influence on slowdown of aging processes as well as load and postload effects provoked by weight-lifting and strength-endurance exercises. The efficiency of the developed methodology based on the use of recovery methods has been proved. The developed variant of methodology of health-improving physical training with predominance of weight-lifting and strength-endurance exercises is presented. This type of physical training has been chosen because of specific negative involutional ageing processes in a body of an elderly man and positive physiological influence of strength exercises on organs and functional body systems providing reduction of negative ageing processes.
EMOTIONAL, COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL FACTORS RELATING TO THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLVING SPATIAL TASKS
Authors: Есипенко Елена Александровна , Белоплотова Кристина Евгеньевна , Полякова Ольга Романовна 
Published: June 2020

Пространственные способности могут предсказывать успешность человека в областях, связанных с наукой и математикой. С целью изучения влияния эмоциональных, когнитивных и социальных факторов на решение четырех разных типов пространственных задач впервые было проведено исследование, куда вошли юноши и девушки естественно-научного и гуманитарного направлений обучения. В результате выяснилось, что невербальный интеллект вносит значимый вклад во все анализируемые пространственные задачи; кроме того, рабочая память и направление обучения вносят значимый вклад в задания, оценивающие отношение паттернов и пространственную визуализацию. Другие факторы не оказали такого влияния. Полученные результаты имеют теоретическую и практическую значимость.
Psychologists are interested in the study of spatial and general cognitive abilities. Known that they can predict success in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) areas. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study of the influence of various factors on spatial abilities was not held. To examine the factors that can be associated with solving spatial problems, the study was conducted on a Russian-language sample, which included 161 young men and women from different study majors (STEM and non-STEM). Studied factors were emotional, cognitive and social. A feature of the study is that a comprehensive examination of factors was carried out in the study of spatial tasks such as “Mechanical reasoning and spatial relations”, “Paper folding”, “Pattern assembly”, “Shape rotation”. As a result of the regression analysis (with the inclusion of all the studied factors), it turned out that for each spatial problem the presented models were significant. All models have the same percentage of explained variance are approximately 20%. Non-verbal intelligence makes a great contribution to “Mechanical reasoning and spatial relations” and “Shape rotation”, and also for non-verbal intelligence, working memory, and the direction of learning make a great contribution to “Pattern assembly” and “Paper folding”. Emotional and social factors were not significant. Findings will enable a better understanding of what contributes to spatial abilities.