bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of one‐sided exponential cumulative sum charts with known and estimated parameters based on the median run length
Authors: Qiao YuLong , Hu XueLong , Sun JinSheng , Xu Qin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a useful tool in statistical process control (SPC), the exponential control chart is more and more popular for monitoring high‐quality processes. Considering both known and estimated parameter cases, the one‐sided exponential cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts are studied in this paper through a Markov chain approach. Because the shape of the run length (RL) distribution of the one‐sided exponential CUSUM charts is skewed and it also changes with the mean shift size and the number of Phase I samples used to estimate the process parameter, the median run length (MRL) is employed as a good alternative performance measure for the charts. The optimal design procedures based on MRL of the one‐sided exponential CUSUM charts with known and estimated parameters are discussed. By comparing the MRL performance of the chart with known parameters with the one of the chart with estimated parameters, we investigate the effect of estimated process parameters on the properties of the chart. Finally, an application is illustrated to show the implementation of the chart.
Doping control analysis of GW1516 in equine plasma using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization Q‐Exactive high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Ishii Hideaki , Leung Gary Ngai‐Wa , Yamashita Shozo , Yamada Masayuki , Kushiro Asuka , Kasashima Yoshinori , Okada Jun , Kawasaki Kazumi , Kijima‐Suda Isao 
Published: August 2020

RationaleGW1516 is a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐δ agonist in the class of hormones and metabolic modulators. The use of GW1516 is banned in both horseracing and equestrian competitions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first metabolic study of GW1516 in horses.MethodsAfter protein precipitation of pre‐ and post‐administration plasma GW1516 samples, the supernatants were analyzed using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization Q‐Exactive high‐resolution mass spectrometry to detect GW1516 and its metabolites. Monoisotopic ions of GW1516 and its metabolites were monitored from the full‐scan mass spectral data of pre‐ and post‐administration samples. Quantification methods were developed and validated to establish the elimination profiles of GW1516, its sulfoxide, and its sulfone in equine plasma.ResultsGW1516 and its four metabolites GW1516 sulfoxide, GW1516 sulfone, 5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4‐methyl‐2‐(4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)thiazole (HMTT), and M1 were detected in post‐administration plasma samples. GW1516 sulfoxide, GW1516 sulfone, and HMTT were identified by comparison with their respective reference standards whereas M1 was tentatively identified as 4‐methyl‐2‐[4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐1,3‐thiazole‐5‐carboxylic acid by mass spectral interpretation. GW1516 had the longest detection time in post‐administration plasma. The elimination profiles of GW1516, its sulfoxide, and its sulfone in plasma were established.ConclusionsFor the purpose of doping control, GW1516 is recommended as the target analyte to be monitored in equine plasma due to its long detection time (around 1 week) and the ready availability of its reference material.
Multicomponent DNA Polymerization Motor Gels
Authors: Shi Ruohong , Fern Joshua , Xu Weinan , Jia Sisi , Huang Qi , Pahapale Gayatri , Schulman Rebecca , Gracias David H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHydrogels with the ability to change shape in response to biochemical stimuli are important for biosensing, smart medicine, drug delivery, and soft robotics. Here, a family of multicomponent DNA polymerization motor gels with different polymer backbones is created, including acrylamide‐co‐bis‐acrylamide (Am‐BIS), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), and gelatin‐methacryloyl (GelMA) that swell extensively in response to specific DNA sequences. A common mechanism, a polymerization motor that induces swelling is driven by a cascade of DNA hairpin insertions into hydrogel crosslinks. These multicomponent hydrogels can be photopatterned into distinct shapes, have a broad range of mechanical properties, including tunable shear moduli between 297 and 3888 Pa and enhanced biocompatibility. Human cells adhere to the GelMA‐DNA gels and remain viable during ≈70% volumetric swelling of the gel scaffold induced by DNA sequences. The results demonstrate the generality of sequential DNA hairpin insertion as a mechanism for inducing shape change in multicomponent hydrogels, suggesting widespread applicability of polymerization motor gels in biomaterials science and engineering.
Spatially Separating Redox Centers on Z‐Scheme ZnIn2S4/BiVO4 Hierarchical Heterostructure for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hu Jundie , Chen Cao , Zheng Yang , Zhang Guping , Guo Chunxian , Li Chang Ming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhotocatalysis technology using solar energy for hydrogen (H2) production still faces great challenges to design and synthesize highly efficient photocatalysts, which should realize the precise regulation of reactive sites, rapid migration of photoinduced carriers and strong visible light harvest. Here, a facile hierarchical Z‐scheme system with ZnIn2S4/BiVO4 heterojunction is proposed, which can precisely regulate redox centers at the ZnIn2S4/BiVO4 hetero‐interface by accelerating the separation and migration of photoinduced charges, and then enhance the oxidation and reduction ability of holes and electrons, respectively. Therefore, the ZnIn2S4/BiVO4 heterojunction exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance with a much higher H2‐evolution rate of 5.944 mmol g−1 h−1, which is about five times higher than that of pure ZnIn2S4. Moreover, this heterojunction shows good stability and recycle ability, providing a promising photocatalyst for efficient H2 production and a new strategy for the manufacture of remarkable photocatalytic materials.
Recognition of Single‐Point Mutation Using a Biological Nanopore
Authors: Liu Ping , Kawano Ryuji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere the recognition of a single‐point mutation in oligonucleotides is described by using nanopore measurements. The translocation behavior of a series of mutated DNA strands, hybridized with a complementary DNA probe, is analyzed via blocking current and unzipping time. Discernment of the mutation position at the single nucleotide level is achieved by analysis of a 2D graph of the bootstrapped translocation data. The proposed approach provides a useful tool for the mutation detection of oligonucleotides secreted from tumor cells and is applicable in simple and label‐free diagnoses as a nanopore liquid biopsy.
Saliva Protein Composition Relates with Interindividual Variations in Bread Sensory Ratings
Authors: Lamy Elsa , Santos Vera , Barrambana Sara , Simões Carla , Carreira Laura , Infante Paulo , Capela e Silva Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSensory perception of starch‐based products associates with salivary α‐amylase enzymatic activity. Besides this, other proteins relate to taste sensitivity and oral food processing. As such, the participation of different salivary constituents in starch‐rich food's sensory evaluation cannot be excluded. This study aims to identify salivary proteins altered by bread mastication and correlated with sensory ratings. In Experiment 1 the effect of bread mastication in α‐amylase enzymatic activity and SDS PAGE profiles between is assessed (N = 64). In Experiment 2, a sub‐sample of these individuals (N = 22) is subjected to sensory tests and the sensory ratings obtained are correlated with saliva protein composition. Salivary α‐amylase activity, in the supernatant of saliva collected after bread mastication, is negatively correlated with sweetness and saltiness ratings. Moreover, saltiness is positively correlated with the expression levels of carbonic anhydrase VI. Bread roughness presented a positive association with α‐amylase enzymatic activity and a negative association with S‐type cystatin expression levels. Despite further studies are needed to clarify the negative association between salivary amylase enzymatic activity and sweetness ratings, observed in this study, these results reinforce the role of α‐amylase and highlights that other salivary proteins can also influence starch‐based sensory perception.
Aberrant glycosylation patterns on cancer cells: Therapeutic opportunities for glycodendrimers/metallodendrimers oncology
Authors: Moffett Serge , Shiao Tze Chieh , Mousavifar Leila , Mignani Serge , Roy René 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite exciting discoveries and progresses in drug design against cancer, its cure is still rather elusive and remains one of the humanities major challenges in health care. The safety profiles of common small molecule anti‐cancer therapeutics are less than at acceptable levels and limiting deleterious side‐effects have to be urgently addressed. This is mainly caused by their incapacity to differentiate healthy cells from cancer cells; hence, the use of high dosage becomes necessary. One possible solution to improve the therapeutic windows of anti‐cancer agents undoubtedly resides in modern nanotechnology. This review presents a discussion concerning multivalent carbohydrate–protein interactions as this topic pertains to the fundamental aspects that lead glycoscientists to tackle glyconanoparticles. The second section describes the detailed properties of cancer cells and how their aberrant glycan surfaces differ from those of healthy cells. The third section briefly describes the immune systems, both innate and adaptative, because the numerous displays of cell surface protein receptors necessitate to be addressed from the multivalent angles, a strength full characteristic of nanoparticles. The next chapter presents recent advances in glyconanotechnologies, including glycodendrimers in particular, as they apply to glycobiology and carbohydrate‐based cancer vaccines. This was followed by an overview of metallodendrimers and how this rapidly evolving field may contribute to our arsenal of therapeutic tools to fight cancer.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Spiritual Care Charting/Documenting/Recording/Assessment: A Perspective from the United Kingdom
Authors: Ross Linda , McSherry Wilfred 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores how spiritual aspects of care are being documented within the UK with a specific focus on healthcare primarily in the nursing and chaplaincy professions. This has not been an easy undertaking given the lack of a standardised approach, the changing and challenging landscape of healthcare in the UK and the conflicting terminology used when trying to assess, capture and record encounters, interactions and conversations with patients and their carers about their spiritual needs. The authors draw upon their own research and informal enquiries with chaplains from across England, Scotland and Wales, demonstrating that there is a wide range and variation in practice. The authors conclude that there is no standardised means of assessing and documenting spiritual needs and care in the UK and that this is unlikely to change until the many complex challenges outlined are addressed both politically and professionally.
Investigating the importance of B cells and antibodies during Trichuris muris infection using the IgMi mouse
Authors: Sahputra Rinal , Murphy Emma A , Forman Ruth , Mair Iris , Fadlullah Muhammad Z. H. , Waisman Ari , Muller Werner , Else Kathryn J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe IgMi mouse has normal B cell development; its B cells express an IgM B cell receptor but cannot class switch or secrete antibody. Thus, the IgMi mouse offers a model system by which to dissect out antibody-dependent and antibody-independent B cell function. Here, we provide the first detailed characterisation of the IgMi mouse post-Trichuris muris(T. muris) infection, describing expulsion phenotype, cytokine production, gut pathology and changes in T regulatory cells, T follicular helper cells and germinal centre B cells, in addition to RNA sequencing (RNA seq) analyses of wild-type littermates (WT) and mutant B cells prior to and post infection. IgMi mice were susceptible to a high-dose infection, with reduced Th2 cytokines and elevated B cell-derived IL-10 in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) compared to controls. A low-dose infection regime revealed IgMi mice to have significantly more apoptotic cells in the gut compared to WT mice, but no change in intestinal inflammation. IL-10 levels were again elevated. Collectively, this study showcases the potential of the IgMi mouse as a tool for understanding B cell biology and suggests that the B cell plays both antibody-dependent and antibody-independent roles post high- and low-doseT. murisinfection.Key messagesDuring a high-doseT. murisinfection, B cells are important in maintaining the Th1/Th2 balance in the MLN through an antibody-independent mechanism.High levels of IL-10 in the MLN early post-infection, and the presence of IL-10-producing B cells, correlates with susceptibility toT. murisinfection.B cells maintain gut homeostasis during chronicT. murisinfection via an antibody-dependent mechanism.
Tumor, host and surgery related factors predisposing to cranial nerve deficits after surgical treatment of parapharyngeal space tumors
Authors: Rzepakowska Anna , Osuch-Wójcikiewicz Ewa , Żurek Michał , Durmaj Aneta , Niemczyk Kazimierz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProposeIdentification of relevant features acquired on preoperative evaluation of parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors or related to the performed surgical approach that are predictive of the most important complication of surgical treatment of these tumors, cranial nerve palsy.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 68 patients with PPS tumors treated with surgical resection in a tertiary referral center from 2009 to 2019. The preoperative clinical symptoms, age, sex, tumor size, location, histopathological type, surgical approach, radical resection, intraoperative bleeding and the occurrence of complications were collected, evaluated and compared.ResultsCross-table and chi-square test results revealed that cranial nerve deficits were more common in neurogenic tumors than in other types, including malignant tumors (χ2 = 6.118,p = 0.013); the cervical approach was selected more often for neurogenic tumors (χ2 = 14.134,p < 0.001); neurogenic tumors were more frequently removed intracapsularly (χ2 = 6.424,p = 0.011); and neurogenic tumors were more likely to be located in the poststyloid area (χ2 = 17.464,p < 0.001). The two-samplettest revealed a significant correlation between age and the prevalence of cranial nerve complications (t = 2.242,p = 0.031). The mean age in the group of patients with cranial nerve palsy was 45.89 years, and that of the group without complications was 54.69 years. The results of logistic regression confirmed that the risk of nerve deficits was almost 8 times higher for neurogenic tumors (OR = 7.778,p = 0.01). None of the other analyzed variables related to tumor or surgery was significantly correlated with an increased risk of cranial nerve dysfunction.ConclusionSurgical resection of tumors other than neurogenic tumors of the PPS reveals no significant risk for permanent neural dysfunction. Tumor size also had no significant effect on the risk of postoperative nerve palsy.
Die Darm-Leber-Achse bei nichtalkoholischer Fettlebererkrankung: molekulare Mechanismen und neue Targets
Authors: Schneider Kai Markus , Trautwein Christian 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) ist mit weiter steigender Inzidenz die weltweit häufigste Lebererkrankung. Während Adipositas der wichtigste Risikofaktor für die Entstehung einer NAFLD ist, demonstrieren aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten, dass neben genetischen Faktoren und westlicher Diät die Darm-Leber-Achse und besonders die intestinale Mikrobiota eine Schlüsselrolle während der Krankheitsprogression spielen. Eine ungünstige Komposition der Mikrobiota beeinflusst nicht nur den Leberstoffwechsel, sondern moduliert durch mikrobielle Moleküle und Metaboliten das inflammatorische Milieu in der Leber. Hier zeigen sich vielversprechende Regelkreise für die zukünftige Diagnostik und Therapie.
Subgingival microflora in adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with oral hygiene, gingivitis, and selected metabolic and hormonal parameters
Authors: Wendland Natalia , Opydo-Szymaczek Justyna , Mizgier Małgorzata , Jarząbek-Bielecka Grażyna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Research studies suggest that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may influence the composition of the oral microflora in women. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the number of selected periopathogens in a young cohort of females with PCOS and to assess the association between oral hygiene, subgingival microbiome, gingival health, and metabolic and hormonal parameters.

Materials and methods
Thirty-two subjects with PCOS and twenty-three healthy controls aged 15–19 years were examined periodontally by a calibrated dentist. A real-time PCR method was used for the identification of 9 subgingival microorganisms. Subjects with PCOS underwent blood tests for determination of FSH, LH, total testosterone, DHEA-S, estradiol, SHBG, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile.

Results
Gingival index (GI), the proportion of bleeding sites (BOP%), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PLI) did not differ significantly between cases and healthy age-mates. The control group had significantly higher levels of Peptostreptococcus micros and substantially greater percentage of subjects infected by Treponema denticola. Capnocytophaga gingivalis count was positively correlated with the level of estradiol, while the concentration of HDL-C was negatively correlated with the number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and orange complex bacteria.

Conclusions
PCOS in young patients was not associated with higher pathogenicity of subgingival biofilms.

Clinical relevance
Further studies are needed to explain the relationship between hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, subgingival microflora, and periodontal health in patients with PCOS.
Efficacy of gel-based artificial saliva on Candida colonization and saliva properties in xerostomic post-radiotherapy head and neck cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lam-ubol Aroonwan , Matangkasombut Oranart , Trachootham Dunyaporn , Tarapan Supanat , Sattabanasuk Vanthana , Talungchit Sineepat , Paemuang Wannaporn , Phonyiam Tawaree , Chokchaitam Orapin , Mungkung On-ong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of an edible artificial saliva gel, oral moisturizing jelly (OMJ), and a topical commercial gel (GC dry mouth gel) on Candida colonization and saliva properties.

Materials and methods
This study was a secondary analysis of a single-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in xerostomic post-radiotherapy head and neck cancer patients. Candida colonization, stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR), saliva pH, and buffering capacity (BC) were measured at 0, 1, and 2 months after each intervention. Candida colonization was quantified by colony counts and species identified by Candida Chromagar, polymerase chain reaction, and API 20C AUX system. Statistical significance level was 0.05.

Results
A total of 56 participants in OMJ (N = 30) and GC (N = 26) groups completed the study. OMJ significantly increased saliva pH (p = 0.042) and BC (p = 0.013) after 1-month use, while GC only improved saliva pH (p = 0.027). Both interventions tended to increase SSFR but only GC had a significant increase at 2 months (p = 0.015). GC and OMJ significantly decreased the number of Candida species at 1 and 2 months, respectively. Both groups tended to reduce Candida counts but not significant.

Conclusions
Both OMJ and GC saliva gels could improve saliva pH and decrease the number of Candida species. OMJ is superior to GC in its buffering capacity, while GC may better improve salivary flow rate. Long-term and large-scale study is warranted to test the efficacy of artificial saliva in oral health improvement.

Clinical relevance
OMJ and GC gel could decrease the number of Candida species and improve saliva properties in post-radiation xerostomic patients.

Trial registration number
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03035825. Date of registration: 25th January 2017.
Multi-Reader–Multi-Split Annotation of Emphysema in Computed Tomography
Authors: Lidén Mats , Hjelmgren Ola , Vikgren Jenny , Thunberg Per 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEmphysema is visible on computed tomography (CT) as low-density lesions representing the destruction of the pulmonary alveoli. To train a machine learning model on the emphysema extent in CT images, labeled image data is needed. The provision of these labels requires trained readers, who are a limited resource. The purpose of the study was to test the reading time, inter-observer reliability and validity of the multi-reader–multi-split method for acquiring CT image labels from radiologists. The approximately 500 slices of each stack of lung CT images were split into 1-cm chunks, with 17 thin axial slices per chunk. The chunks were randomly distributed to 26 readers, radiologists and radiology residents. Each chunk was given a quick score concerning emphysema type and severity in the left and right lung separately. A cohort of 102 subjects, with varying degrees of visible emphysema in the lung CT images, was selected from the SCAPIS pilot, performed in 2012 in Gothenburg, Sweden. In total, the readers created 9050 labels for 2881 chunks. Image labels were compared with regional annotations already provided at the SCAPIS pilot inclusion. The median reading time per chunk was 15 s. The inter-observer Krippendorff’s alpha was 0.40 and 0.53 for emphysema type and score, respectively, and higher in the apical part than in the basal part of the lungs. The multi-split emphysema scores were generally consistent with regional annotations. In conclusion, the multi-reader–multi-split method provided reasonably valid image labels, with an estimation of the inter-observer reliability.
System-level understanding of gene expression and regulation for engineering secondary metabolite production in Streptomyces
Authors: Lee Yongjae , Lee Namil , Hwang Soonkyu , Kim Kangsan , Kim Woori , Kim Jihun , Cho Suhyung , Palsson Bernhard O , Cho Byung-Kwan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The gram-positive bacterium, Streptomyces, is noticed for its ability to produce a wide array of pharmaceutically active compounds through secondary metabolism. To discover novel bioactive secondary metabolites and increase the production, Streptomyces species have been extensively studied for the past decades. Among the cellular components, RNA molecules play important roles as the messengers for gene expression and diverse regulations taking place at the RNA level. Thus, the analysis of RNA-level regulation is critical to understanding the regulation of Streptomyces’ metabolism and secondary metabolite production. A dramatic advance in Streptomyces research was made recently, by exploiting high-throughput technology to systematically understand RNA levels. In this review, we describe the current status of the system-wide investigation of Streptomyces in terms of RNA, toward expansion of its genetic potential for secondary metabolite synthesis.