bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of oxygen-responsive pathways are associated with altered protein metabolism in Arctic char exposed to hypoxia
Authors: Cassidy Alicia A. , Lamarre Simon G. 
Published: November 2019

Fish exposed to fluctuating oxygen concentrations often alter their metabolism and/or behaviour to survive. Hypoxia tolerance is typically associated with the ability to reduce energy demand by supressing metabolic processes such as protein synthesis. Arctic char is amongst the most sensitive salmonid to hypoxia, and typically engage in avoidance behaviour when faced with lack of oxygen. We hypothesized that a sensitive species will still have the ability (albeit reduced) to regulate molecular mechanisms during hypoxia. We investigated the tissue-specific response of protein metabolism during hypoxia. Little is known on protein degradation pathways during hypoxia in fish and we predict that protein degradation pathways are differentially regulated and play a role in the hypoxia response. We also studied the regulation of oxygen-responsive cellular signalling pathways (Hypoxia inducible factor, unfolded protein response and mTOR pathway) since most of what we know comes from studies on cancerous mammalian cell lines.Arctic char, were exposed to a cumulative, graded hypoxia trials, for 3 hours at each air saturation level (100%, 50%, 30% and 15%). The rate of protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose technique, while protein degradation and signalling pathways were assessed by measuring transcripts and phosphorylation of target proteins. Protein synthesis decreased in all tissues measured (liver, muscle, gill, digestive system) except for the heart. Salmonid hearts have preferential access to oxygen through a well-developed coronary artery, therefore the heart is likely the last tissue to become hypoxic. Autophagy markers were upregulated in the liver, while protein degradation markers were downregulated in the heart during hypoxia. Further work is needed to determine the effects of a decrease in protein degradation on a hypoxic salmonid heart. Our study showed that protein metabolism in Arctic char is altered in a tissue-specific fashion during graded hypoxia, which is in accordance with the responses of the three major hypoxia-sensitive pathways (HIF, UPR and mTOR). The activation pattern of these pathways and the cellular processes that are under their control varies greatly among tissues, sometimes even going in opposite direction. This study provides new insights on the effects of hypoxia on protein metabolism. The adjustments of these cellular processes likely contribute in shifting the fish phenotype into a more hypoxia tolerant one, if more than one hypoxia event were to occur. Our results warrant studying these adjustments in fish exposed to long-term and diel cycling hypoxia.
Current Trends in Ultramarathon Running
Authors: Spittler Jack , Oberle Lauren 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Exercise is universally recognized for its health benefits and distance running has long been a popular form of exercise and sport. Ultramarathons, defined as races longer than a marathon, have become increasingly popular in recent years. The diverse ultramarathon distances and courses provide additional challenges in race performance and medical coverage for these events. As the sport grows in popularity, more literature has become available regarding ultramarathon-specific illnesses and injuries, nutrition guidelines, psychology, physiologic changes, and equipment. This review focuses on recent findings and trends in ultramarathon running.
Diagnostic Evaluation of a High-Sensitivity Troponin I Point-of-Care Assay
Authors: Sörensen Nils A , Neumann Johannes T , Ojeda Francisco , Giannitsis Evangelos , Spanuth Eberhard , Blankenberg Stefan , Westermann Dirk , Zeller Tanja 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Increasing numbers of patients are presenting worldwide to emergency departments with suspected myocardial infarction. The use of point-of-care troponin assays might enable faster decision-making in this high-risk population and reduce the burden on emergency facilities. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic performance of a point-of-care high-sensitivity troponin I assay.

METHODS
We conducted a prospective cohort study including patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected myocardial infarction from July 2013 to July 2016. A diagnostic algorithm for a high-sensitivity troponin I point-of-care assay was developed in a derivation data set with 669 patients and validated in an additional 610 patients.

RESULTS
The derived 0/1 h algorithm for the point-of-care assay consisted of an admission troponin I &lt;4 ng/L and a δ from 0 h to 1 h &lt;3 ng/L for rule out and an admission troponin I ≥90 ng/L or a δ from 0 h to 1 h ≥20 ng/L for rule in of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Application to the validation cohort showed a negative predictive value of 99.7% (95% CI, 98.1%–100.0%) and 48.0% of patients ruled out, whereas 14.6% were ruled in with a positive predictive value of 86.5% (95% CI, 77.6%–92.8%). The diagnostic performance of the point-of-care high-sensitivity assay was highly comparable to guideline-recommended use of a laboratory-based high-sensitivity troponin assay.

CONCLUSIONS
The clinical application of a 0/1 h diagnostic algorithm based on a high-sensitivity troponin I point-of-care assay is safe, and diagnostic performance is comparable to a laboratory-based high-sensitivity troponin I assay.
Performance Comparison of Reverse Transcriptases for Single-Cell Studies
Authors: Zucha Daniel , Androvic Peter , Kubista Mikael , Valihrach Lukas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Recent advances allowing quantification of RNA from single cells are revolutionizing biology and medicine. Currently, almost all single-cell transcriptomic protocols rely on reverse transcription (RT). However, RT is recognized as a known source of variability, particularly with low amounts of RNA. Recently, several new reverse transcriptases (RTases) with the potential to decrease the loss of information have been developed, but knowledge of their performance is limited.

METHODS
We compared the performance of 11 RTases in quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) on single-cell and 100-cell bulk templates, using 2 priming strategies: a conventional mixture of random hexamers with oligo(dT)s and a reduced concentration of oligo(dT)s mimicking common single-cell RNA-sequencing protocols. Depending on their performance, 2 RTases were further tested in a high-throughput single-cell experiment.

RESULTS
All tested RTases demonstrated high precision (R2 &gt; 0.9445). The most pronounced differences were found in their ability to capture rare transcripts (0%–90% reaction positivity rate) and in their absolute reaction yield (7.3%–137.9%). RTase performance and reproducibility were compared with Z scores. The 2 best-performing enzymes were Maxima H− and SuperScript IV. The validity of the obtained results was confirmed in a follow-up single-cell model experiment. The better-performing enzyme (Maxima H−) increased the sensitivity of the single-cell experiment and improved resolution in the clustering analysis over the commonly used RTase (SuperScript II).

CONCLUSIONS
Our comprehensive comparison of 11 RTases in low RNA input conditions identified 2 best-performing enzymes. Our results provide a point of reference for the improvement of current single-cell quantification protocols.
Failure of Heat Exchanger Return Bend Due to Long-Term Localized Overheating [Kerusakan pada Pipa Belokan U Alat Penukar Kalor akibat Panas Berlebih secara Lokal dalam Jangka Panjang]
Authors: Adnyana Dewa Nyoman 
Published: November 2019

A return bend of a heat exchanger had failed due to bursting after it had been only about 2.5 years in service. The heat exchanger was used to transfer heat from hot combustion gas on the shell side to the feedstock oil on the tube side. Type and factors that may have caused the return bend bursting are discussed in this paper. The metallurgical assessment was conducted by preparing a number of specimens from the as-received burst and unburst return bends. Various laboratory examinations were performed including visual and macroscopic examination, chemical analysis, metallographic examination, hardness testing, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Results of the metallurgical assessment obtained showed that the burst return bend had been experiencing fracture overload due to local hot spot or long-term localized overheating occurred on the outer bend external surface. The long-term localized overheating was most likely caused by formation of fouling deposit that was built up on the outer bend internal surface, leading to increase the corrosion rate significantly and resulted in excessive metal loss or thinning occurred on the outer bend external surface. Consequently, the hoop stress at the outer bend section had been increasing significantly and eventually the working pressure of the feedstock oil on the tube side could burst the return bend wall thereonAbstrakTulisan ini menyajikan penelitian yang dilakukan pada sebuah belokan pipa U (return bend) pada sebuah alat penukar kalor yang mengalami kerusakan (pecah) setelah beroperasi hanya dalam waktu 2,5 tahun. Alat penukar kalor tersebut digunakan untuk memindahkan panas dari gas panas hasil pembakaran pada sisi bejana/tabung ke dalam bahan baku minyak (feedstock oil) pada sisi pipa. Material belokan pipa U tersebut dibuat dari baja karbon dengan standar ASTM A-234 Gr.WPB, memiliki diameter 2 inch dan tebal SCH 80. Penelitian berupa observasi dan pengujian metalurgi dilaksanakan dengan menyiapkan sejumlah sampel material dari belokan pipa U, baik yang sudah pecah maupun yang tidak pecah. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji visual dan makro, analisa kimia, uji metalografi, uji kekerasan dengan metoda Vickers dan SEM (scanning electron microscopy) - EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). Hasil pengujian metalurgi menunjukkan bahwa pipa belokan U yang pecah mengalami kerusakan akibat beban berlebih yang dipengaruhi oleh local hot spot atau panas berlebih secara lokal dalam jangka panjang (long-term localized overheating). Akibatnya, tegangan yang bekerja pada dinding belokan pipa U mengalami peningkatan yang sangat signifikan sehingga pada akhirnya tekanan operasi yang terjadi pada bahan baku minyak di dalam pipa dapat merobek atau memecahkan bagian dinding belokan pipa U tersebut.
On rough singular integrals along real-analytic submanifolds
Authors: Liu Feng , Wu Huoxiong , Xue Qingying 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Under some pretty much weaker size conditions assumed on the integral kernels both on the unit sphere and in the radial directions, the

L
p

{L^{p}}

boundedness was given for the rough singular integrals defined by translates of a real-analytic submanifold in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

.
Certain

L
p

{L^{p}}

estimates for the corresponding maximal rough singular integrals were also established.
Wood color changes and termiticidal properties of teak heartwood extract used as a wood preservative
Authors: Brocco Victor Fassina , Paes Juarez Benigno , Costa Lais Gonçalves da , Kirker Grant T. , Brazolin Sérgio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the change in colorimetric patterns and the termite resistance of light-colored and low durability wood when impregnated with teak (Tectona grandis) heartwood extractives. Hot water and ethanol extracts were obtained from 20-year-old teak heartwood and used to evaluate the influence on color change and the natural resistance of 10-year-old teak sapwood andPinussp. For wood impregnation, a full-cell (Bethell) treatment was conducted. To verify the influence of the teak extracts, the colorimetric patterns of wood were determined using the Munsell and CIE-L*a*b* systems. Choice and no-choice feeding tests were performed under laboratory conditions to test the efficacy of the teak extract solutions against two termite speciesNasutitermes cornigerandCryptotermes brevis. All of the extract solutions promoted a significant darkening of the wood, bringing the color of the impregnated wood closer to older teak heartwood than the untreated samples of the respective species. Ethanol extracts increased the resistance and mortality againstN. cornigerin both choice and no-choice tests. Resistance toC. breviswas not clearly affected.
Hsa-miR-6165 downregulates insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression and enhances apoptosis in SW480 cells
Authors: Hassanlou Maryam , Soltani Bahram M. , Medlej Abdallah , Kay Maryam , Mowla Seyed Javad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are implicated in various biological processes. Hsa-miR-6165 (miR-6165), located in the p75NTR gene, is known to induce apoptosis in human cell lines, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood yet. Here, we predicted the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) gene as a bona fide target for miR-6165. The overexpression of miR-6165 in SW480 cells resulted in significant downregulation of IGF-1R expression as detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, it resulted in reduced transcript levels of AKT2, AKT3, PI3KR3, PI3KR5, CCND1, c-MYC and P21 genes detected by RT-qPCR analysis. In addition, a direct interaction between miR-6165 and a 3′UTR sequence of the IGF-1R gene was verified through a dual luciferase assay. Furthermore, miR-6165 and IGF-1R showed opposite patterns of expression during the neural differentiation process of NT2 cells. Annexin V analysis and MTT assay showed that miR-6165 overexpression was followed by increased apoptosis and reduced the viability rate of SW480 cells. Moreover, a lower expression level of miR-6165 was detected in high-grade colorectal tumors compared with low-grade tumors. Taken together, the results of our study suggest a tumor suppressive role of miR-6165 in colorectal cancer, which seems to take place by regulating IGF-1R gene expression.
A framework for cryptographic problems from linear algebra
Authors: Bootland Carl , Castryck Wouter , Szepieniec Alan , Vercauteren Frederik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe introduce a general framework encompassing the main hard problems emerging in lattice-based cryptography, which naturally includes the recently proposed Mersenne prime cryptosystem, but also problems coming from code-based cryptography. The framework allows to easily instantiate new hard problems and to automatically construct plausibly post-quantum secure primitives from them. As a first basic application, we introduce two new hard problems and the corresponding encryption schemes. Concretely, we study generalisations of hard problems such as SIS, LWE and NTRU to free modules over quotients of ℤ[X] by ideals of the form (f,g), wherefis a monic polynomial andg∈ ℤ[X] is a ciphertext modulus coprime tof. For trivial modules (i.e. of rank one), the casef=Xn+ 1 andg=q∈ ℤ>1corresponds to ring-LWE, ring-SIS and NTRU, while the choicesf=Xn– 1 andg=X– 2 essentially cover the recently proposed Mersenne prime cryptosystems. At the other extreme, when considering modules of large rank and letting deg(f) = 1, one recovers the framework of LWE and SIS.
Crystal structure of 2,7-diiodo-1,3,6,8-tetramethyl-bis(difluoroboron)-1,2-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine, C14H14B2F4I2N4
Authors: Liu Yingfan , Li Xiaochuan , Sun Saisai , Ji Guangqian , Son Young-A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
C14H15B2F4I2N4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.5458(7) Å, b = 8.5659(6) Å, c = 8.6089(5) Å, α = 108.189(6)°, β = 110.492(7)°, γ = 98.678(7)°, V = 473.6 Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0334, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0831, T = 296.5 K.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO LITERÁRIA NO ROMANCE EM PRIMEIRA PESSOA: APONTAMENTOS DE LEITURA PARA A OBRA O IRMÃO ALEMÃO, DE CHICO BUARQUE
Authors: Chaves Anderson Trindade 
Published: November 2019

RESUMO: Este artigo procura apresentar uma leitura de abordagem crítica para o romance O irmão alemão, de Chico Buarque, de modo a analisá-lo enquanto composição narrativa tendo em vista o uso da narração em primeira pessoa. Nas formulações de Maria Lucia Dal Farra (1978), busca-se a fundamentação teórica necessária para caracterizar os romances que colocam em cena a presença de um narrador-protagonista. Nesse sentido, pretende-se mostrar que a narração formalizada articula um tipo de representação de ato performativo da leitura. Assim, entende-se que a narrativa d’ O irmão alemão indicia a situação de mutabilidade do romance quando se toma por parâmetro a tradição do próprio gênero literário no contexto da modernidade.Palavras-chave: Literatura; romance; representação literária.
The Claustrum-Prefrontal Cortex Pathway Regulates Impulsive-Like Behavior
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Wu Ruyan , Johnson Bernard , Vu Jimmy , Bass Caroline , Li Jun-Xu 
Published: November 2019

The claustrum connects with a broad range of cortical areas including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the function of the claustrum (CLA) and its neural projections remains largely unknown. Here, we elucidated the role of the neural projections from the CLA to the PFC in regulating impulsivity in male rats. We first identified the CLA–PFC pathway by retrograde tracer and virus expression. By using immunofluorescent staining of the c-Fos-positive neurons, we showed that chemogenetic activation and inhibition of the CLA–PFC pathway reduced and increased overall activity of the PFC, respectively. In the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), we found that chemogenetic activation and inhibition of the CLA–PFC pathway increased and reduced the impulsive-like behavior (i.e., premature responses), respectively. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of the CLA–PFC pathway prevented methamphetamine-induced impulsivity, without affecting methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity. In contrast to the role of CLA–PFC pathway in selectively regulating impulsivity, activation of the claustrum disrupted attention in the 5-CSRTT. These results indicate that the CLA–PFC pathway is essential for impulsivity. This study may shed light on the understanding of impulsivity-related disorders such as drug addiction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe claustrum is one of the most mysterious brain regions. Although extensive anatomical studies demonstrated that the claustrum connects with many cortical areas, the function of the neural projections between the claustrum and cortical areas remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that the neural projections from the claustrum to the prefrontal cortex regulates impulsivity by using the designer drugs (DREADDs)-based chemogenetic tools. Interestingly, the claustrum–prefrontal cortex pathway also regulates methamphetamine-induced impulsivity, suggesting a critical role of this neural pathway in regulating impulsivity-related disorders such as drug addiction. Our results provided preclinical evidence that the claustrum-prefrontal cortex regulates impulsivity. The claustrum–prefrontal cortex pathway may be a novel target for the treatment of impulsivity-related brain disorders.
The Evaluation of Islamic Education Teachersâ€™ Performance
Authors: Tjabolo Siti Asiah , Otaya Lian Gafar 
Published: November 2019

Teachersâ€™ performance is one of crucial topics in education and become a global problem in improving the quality of education in many countries, including the performance of Islamic Education teachers. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate Islamic Education teachersâ€™ performance at SMA (Sekolah Menengah Atas/Senior High School) in Gorontalo Province. The method used in this research consisted of an evaluation research with countenance stake model. The samples were 66 Islamic Education teachers taken by purposive sampling technique. Â Data were obtained through observation, interview, and document study. The finding of this research shows that the Islamic Education teachersâ€™ performance in learning planning is good. Teachers are able to design a good learning process, although the ability in selecting methods and strategies, selecting media and learning source and composing the assessment component in evaluating the learning should be improved. Because those three components are still in enough category. The performance of teachers in the implementation of learning is in good category, despite there are still some measured components that should be improved such as by doing elaboration activity, doing assessment process and furthermore program. Therefore, explicitly shows that Islamic Education teachers in Gorontalo Province performance should be evaluated. It aims to the professional development and the carrier improvement as a teacher.
À la frontière entre simultanéité et contraste – traduction de marqueurs de simultanéité, de contraste et de concession
Authors: Svensson Maria 
Published: November 2019

This article examines the hypothesis that the use of these French markers alors que and tandis que is more generalized in an adversative and concessive context than the use of the Swedish markers medan et samtidigt som, similar to the French markers concerning their syntactic function and semantic value of simultaneity. The aim of the study is to identify different tendencies in the translation of the French markers alors que and tandis que and the Swedish markers medan and samtidigt som, which can all be considered to be ambiguous and have a double function. Their temporal signification of simultaneity has developed in an adversative or a concessive use. Our hypothesis is however that these markers are at different stages in the procedure of grammaticalisation, and that the French markers can more easily occur in a purely adversative or concessive context.
This study, based on the occurrences of these markers in two bidirectional corpora including texts of specialist literature, ParaFraSe-HumSam (Svensson 2010), and novels, Corpus Parallèle Suédois-Français : version 2010 (Andersson 2007 ; Hellqvist 2015), shows a tendency to make explicit the adversative or concessive relation when translating the French markers tandis que and alors que, especially in the case of alors que. A difference in the use of verb tense in the clauses linked by the French and the Swedish conjunctions can also be confirmed; the French conjunctions sometimes link clauses in different verb tenses, which is rare in the case of the Swedish conjunctions medan et samtidigt som. This difference could indicate different levels of grammaticalisation of these conjunctions.