bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subduction‐Induced Upwelling of a Hydrous Transition Zone: Implications for the Cenozoic Magmatism in Northeast China
Authors: Chen Lin , Faccenda Manuele 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe widespread Cenozoic basalts in northeast China are commonly thought to be related to the stagnation of the Pacific slab in the transition zone and its deep dehydration. By incorporating experimentally constrained phase diagrams of hydrous mantle and melting conditions at high pressures into two‐dimensional petrological‐thermomechanical models, here we model the interaction of a subducting slab with a hydrous transition zone (TZ) and examine its potential role in generating intracontinental magmatism. The model results show that descending of the oceanic slab first forces up the material in the TZ. Depending on the water content in the TZ, the upwelling hydrous material may undergo dehydration melting above the TZ. As a large slab stagnates within the TZ owing to the lower mantle resistance, the deep melting migrates progressively toward the overriding continent's interior, generating plutonic/volcanic rocks in the continental crust far away from the trench. The amount of deep melting and surface magmatism is obviously related to the amount of water stored in the TZ. In contrast, the water stored in the cold core of the subducting slab and released in the transition zone does not generate melting as it is entirely absorbed by mantle transition zone nominally anhydrous minerals. Comparing the model results with the distribution of the late Cenozoic basalts in northeast China, we suggest that the intracontinental magmatism there was likely caused by deep dehydration melting induced by the slab‐transition zone interaction.
Convection On the Edge
Authors: Windmiller J. M. , Hohenegger C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeep convection over tropical oceans often appears intensified at the edge of convectively active regions, both in idealized studies and in observations. This edge intensification of convection is studied in detail here, using the steady state of a radiative‐convective equilibrium study, marked by a single convective cluster with deep convection intensified at the edge of this cluster. The cause for edge intensification and its dependence on the cluster area is investigated by comparing the spatial distribution of deep convection to different variables known to be important for convection. Analysis of the simulation suggests that the edge is marked by an increased probability for the triggering of convection rather than by stronger updrafts. In particular, while the edge of the moist region is not thermodynamically more favorable, we find strong surface convergence and therefore dynamical lifting at this edge. The surface convergence is shown to result from two opposing flows. On the one hand, there is, as expected from previous radiative‐convective equilibrium simulations, a low‐level inflow directed toward the moist region. On the other hand, there is a positive density anomaly at the surface which is the result of continuously forming cold pools within the convectively active region, creating a super‐cold‐pool. As the velocity of the low‐level inflow approximately matches the potential propagation speed of the super‐cold‐pool boundary, these opposing flows explain the presence of strong convergence at the edge of this region. Whether the resulting lifting induces the formation of deep convection is shown to depend on the large‐scale instability.
Optically read Coriolis vibratory gyroscope based on a silicon tuning fork
Authors: Lavrik N. V. , Datskos P. G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, we describe the design, fabrication, and characterization of purely mechanical miniature resonating structures that exhibit gyroscopic performance comparable to that of more complex microelectromechanical systems. Compared to previous implementations of Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes, the present approach has the key advantage of using excitation and probing that do not require any on-chip electronics or electrical contacts near the resonating structure. More specifically, our design relies on differential optical readout, each channel of which is similar to the “optical lever” readout used in atomic force microscopy. The piezoelectrically actuated stage provides highly efficient excitation of millimeter-scale tuning fork structures that were fabricated using widely available high-throughput wafer-level silicon processing. In our experiments, reproducible responses to rotational rates as low as 1.8 × 103° h−1 were demonstrated using a benchtop prototype without any additional processing of the raw signal. The noise-equivalent rate, ΩNER, derived from the Allan deviation plot, was found to be <0.5° h−1 for a time of 103 s. Despite the relatively low Q factors (<104) of the tuning fork structures operating under ambient pressure and temperature conditions, the measured performance was not limited by thermomechanical noise. In fact, the performance demonstrated in this proof-of-principle study is approximately four orders of magnitude away from the fundamental limit.
HNF1B-mediated repression of SLUG is suppressed by EZH2 in aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Jianqing , He Chenxi , Gao Peng , Wang Siqing , Lv Ruitu , Zhou Huihui , Zhou Qidong , Zhang Ke , Sun Jian , Fan Caibin , Ding Guanxiong , Lan Fei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common malignancy in men in developed countries. Overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the major histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase, has been connected to prostate cancer malignancy. However, its downstream genes and pathways have not been well established. Here, we show tumor suppressor Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1β (HNF1B) as a direct downstream target of EZH2. EZH2 binds HNF1B locus and suppresses HNF1B expression in prostate cancer cell lines, which is further supported by the reverse correlation between EZH2 and HNF1B expression in clinical samples. Consistently, restored HNF1B expression significantly suppresses EZH2-mediated overgrowth and EMT processes, including migration and invasion of prostate cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, we find that HNF1B primarily binds the promoters of thousands of target genes, and differentially regulates the expression of 876 genes. We also identify RBBP7/RbAP46 as a HNF1B interacting protein which is required for HNF1B-mediated repression of SLUG expression and EMT process. Importantly, we find that higher HNF1B expression strongly predicts better prognosis of prostate cancer, alone or together with lower EZH2 expression. Taken together, we have established a previously underappreciated axis of EZH2-HNF1B-SLUG in prostate cancer, and also provide evidence supporting HNF1B as a potential prognosis marker for metastatic prostate cancer.
BDNF genetic variants and methylation: effects on cognition in major depressive disorder
Authors: Ferrer Alex , Labad Javier , Salvat-Pujol Neus , Barrachina Marta , Costas Javier , Urretavizcaya Mikel , de Arriba-Arnau Aida , Crespo José M. , Soriano-Mas Carles , Carracedo Ángel , Menchón José M. , Soria Virginia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene regulation has been linked to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD patients show cognitive deficits, and alteredBDNFregulation has a relevant role in neurocognitive functions. Our goal was to explore the association betweenBDNFgenetic and epigenetic variations with neurocognitive performance in a group of MDD patients and healthy controls considering possible modulating factors. The sample included 134 subjects, 64 MDD patients, and 70 healthy controls. Clinical data, childhood maltreatment, and neurocognitive performance were assessed in all participants. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two promoter regions in theBDNFgene were selected for genotype and methylation analysis. The role of interactions betweenBDNFgenetic and epigenetic variations with MDD diagnosis, sex, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) scores was also explored. We observed significant associations between neurocognitive performance and twoBDNFSNPs (rs908867 and rs925946), an effect that was significantly mediated by methylation values at specific promoter I sites. We identified significant associations between neurocognitive results and methylation status as well as its interactions with MDD diagnosis, sex, and CTQ scores. Our results support the hypothesis thatBDNFgene SNPs and methylation status, as well as their interactions with modulating factors, can influence cognition. Further studies are required to confirm the effect ofBDNFvariations and cognitive function in larger samples.
Region specific knockdown of Parvalbumin or Somatostatin produces neuronal and behavioral deficits consistent with those observed in schizophrenia
Authors: Perez Stephanie M. , Boley Angela , Lodge Daniel J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe anterior hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are regions linked to symptoms of schizophrenia. The anterior hippocampus is believed to be a key regulator of the mesolimbic dopamine system and is thought to be the driving force contributing to positive symptoms, while the prefrontal cortex is involved in cognitive flexibility and negative symptoms. Aberrant activity in these regions is associated with decreases in GABAergic markers, indicative of an interneuron dysfunction. Specifically, selective decreases are observed in interneurons that contain parvalbumin (PV) or somatostatin (SST). Here, we used viral knockdown in rodents to recapitulate this finding and examine the region-specific roles of PV and SST on neuronal activity and behaviors associated with positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. We found that PV and SST had differential effects on neuronal activity and behavior when knocked down in the ventral hippocampus (vHipp) or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Specifically, SST or PV knockdown in the vHipp increased pyramidal cell activity of the region and produced downstream effects on dopamine neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In contrast, mPFC knockdown did not affect the activity of VTA dopamine neuron activity; however, it did produce deficits in negative (social interaction) and cognitive (reversal learning) domains. Taken together, decreases in PV and/or SST were sufficient to produce schizophrenia-like deficits that were dependent on the region targeted.
Fairness norm violations in anti-social psychopathic offenders in a repeated trust game
Authors: Rosenberger Lisa A. , Pfabigan Daniela M. , Lehner Benjamin , Keckeis Katinka , Seidel Eva-Maria , Eisenegger Christoph , Lamm Claus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPsychopathic offenders have a high propensity to violate social norms, as indicated for instance by their widespread lying and cheating behaviour. The reasons for their norm violations are not well understood, though, as they are able to recognise norms in a given situation and also punish norm violators. In this study, we investigated whether psychopathic offenders would violate fairness norms during a repeated trust game because of increased profit-maximising concerns. We measured back-transfer decisions in the repeated trust game, and affective arousal by means of skin conductance responses (SCR) in violent offenders with varying degrees of psychopathy, and non-offenders with low-trait psychopathy. Psychopathy in offenders was measured with the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R). In the task, a participant and an interaction partner entrusted each other money for multiple rounds with the goal to earn as much money as possible. Fairness norm violations were positively associated with Factor 2 scores (the lifestyle/anti-social psychopathy subscale) of the PCL-R, but this was not accompanied by clear profit-maximising behaviour. In addition, anticipatory arousal to self-advantageous decisions was higher in all offenders, independent of their degree of psychopathy, compared with non-offenders. The results of our study widen our understanding of social decision-making in psychopathy. They also suggest treatment possibilities in offenders scoring high on Factor 2, targeting empathic concern and related prosocial intentions to overcome norm-violating behaviour.
Humanized bone facilitates prostate cancer metastasis and recapitulates therapeutic effects of zoledronic acid in vivo
Authors: Landgraf Marietta , Lahr Christoph A. , Sanchez-Herrero Alvaro , Meinert Christoph , Shokoohmand Ali , Pollock Pamela M. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Shafiee Abbas , McGovern Jacqui A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdvanced prostate cancer (PCa) is known for its high prevalence to metastasize to bone, at which point it is considered incurable. Despite significant effort, there is no animal model capable of recapitulating the complexity of PCa bone metastasis. The humanized mouse model for PCa bone metastasis used in this study aims to provide a platform for the assessment of new drugs by recapitulating the human–human cell interactions relevant for disease development and progression. The humanized tissue-engineered bone construct (hTEBC) was created within NOD-scid IL2rgnull (NSG) mice and was used for the study of experimental PC3-Luc bone metastases. It was confirmed that PC3-Luc cells preferentially grew in the hTEBC compared with murine bone. The translational potential of the humanized mouse model for PCa bone metastasis was evaluated with two clinically approved osteoprotective therapies, the non-species-specific bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) or the human-specific antibody Denosumab, both targeting Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand. ZA, but not Denosumab, significantly decreased metastases in hTEBCs, but not murine femora. These results highlight the importance of humanized models for the preclinical research on PCa bone metastasis and indicate the potential of the bioengineered mouse model to closely mimic the metastatic cascade of PCa cells to human bone. Eventually, it will enable the development of new effective antimetastatic treatments.
YY1 targets tubulin polymerisation-promoting protein to inhibit migration, invasion and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer via p38/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways
Authors: Chen Qun , Yang Chuang , Chen Lei , Zhang Jing-Jing , Ge Wan-Li , Yuan Hao , Meng Ling-Dong , Huang Xu-Min , Shen Peng , Miao Yi , Jiang Kui-Rong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is a highly invasive cancer with poor prognosis. Recent research has found that the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) plays an inhibitory role in the development of pancreatic cancer. It has been reported that tubulin polymerisation-promoting protein (TPPP) plays an indispensable role in a variety of tumours, but its expression and role in pancreatic cancer have not yet been elucidated.

Methods
In this study, we performed ChIP-sequencing and found that YY1 directly binds to the promoter region of TPPP. The expression of TPPP in pancreatic cancer was detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Four-week-old male BALB/c-nude mice were used to assess the effect of TPPP on pancreatic cancer.

Results
Immunohistochemistry revealed that TPPP was expressed at low levels in pancreatic cancer tissues, and was associated with blood vessel invasion. The results from vivo experiments have showed that TPPP could enhance the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer. Further experiments showed that YY1 could inhibit the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer cells by downregulating TPPP via p38/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that TPPP may act as a promoter and may serve as a novel target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Stiffness-switchable DNA-based constitutional dynamic network hydrogels for self-healing and matrix-guided controlled chemical processes
Authors: Yue Liang , Wang Shan , Wulf Verena , Willner Itamar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConstitutional dynamic networks (CDNs) attract interest as signal-triggered reconfigurable systems mimicking natural networks. The application of CDNs to control material properties is, however, a major challenge. Here we report on the design of a CDN consisting of four toehold-modified constituents, two of which act as bidentate units for chain-elongating, while the other two form a tetradentate structure acting as a crosslinking unit. Their hybridization yields a hydrogel of medium stiffness controlled by the balance between bidentate and tetradentate units. Stabilization of the tetradentate constituent by an auxiliary effector up-regulates the crosslinking unit, yielding a high-stiffness hydrogel. Conversely, stabilization of one of the bidentate constituents by an orthogonal effector enriches the chain-elongation units leading to a low-stiffness hydrogel. Using appropriate counter effectors, the hydrogels are reversibly switched across low-, medium- and high-stiffness states. The hydrogels are used to develop self-healing and controlled drug-release matrices and functional materials for operating biocatalytic cascades.
Nucleus segmentation across imaging experiments: the 2018 Data Science Bowl
Authors: Caicedo Juan C. , Goodman Allen , Karhohs Kyle W. , Cimini Beth A. , Ackerman Jeanelle , Haghighi Marzieh , Heng CherKeng , Becker Tim , Doan Minh , McQuin Claire , Rohban Mohammad , Singh Shantanu , Carpenter Anne E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSegmenting the nuclei of cells in microscopy images is often the first step in the quantitative analysis of imaging data for biological and biomedical applications. Many bioimage analysis tools can segment nuclei in images but need to be selected and configured for every experiment. The 2018 Data Science Bowl attracted 3,891 teams worldwide to make the first attempt to build a segmentation method that could be applied to any two-dimensional light microscopy image of stained nuclei across experiments, with no human interaction. Top participants in the challenge succeeded in this task, developing deep-learning-based models that identified cell nuclei across many image types and experimental conditions without the need to manually adjust segmentation parameters. This represents an important step toward configuration-free bioimage analysis software tools.
Biomass-derived Carbon Quantum Dots for Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalysis and Label-Free Detection of Fe(III) and Ascorbic acid
Authors: Das Gouri Sankar , Shim Jong Pil , Bhatnagar Amit , Tripathi Kumud Malika , Kim TaeYoung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVisible-light-driven photocatalysts prepared using renewable resources are crucial but challenging to develop for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants, which is required to solve ever-increasing water deterioration issues. In this study, we report a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant dye. Green-emissive carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized from pear juice via a facile, scalable, one-pot solvothermal process. The as-synthesized CQDs exhibit superior photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation owing to their efficient light absorption, electron transfer, and separation of photogenerated charge carriers, facilitating ~99.5% degradation of MB within 130 min. A possible mechanism for the photocatalysis is proposed on the basis of comprehensive active species trapping experiments. Furthermore, the CQDs were used in a specific sensitive assay for Fe(III) and ascorbic acid (AA), even with interference from other metal ions. The fluorescence emission of CQDs was “turned off” specifically upon binding of Fe(III) and “turned on” with AA. The prepared CQDs represent efficient photocatalysts and fluorescent probes that are not restricted by toxicity, cost, or lack of scalability.
The Psychology of Existential Risk: Moral Judgments about Human Extinction
Authors: Schubert Stefan , Caviola Lucius , Faber Nadira S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe 21st century will likely see growing risks of human extinction, but currently, relatively small resources are invested in reducing such existential risks. Using three samples (UK general public, US general public, and UK students; total N = 2,507), we study how laypeople reason about human extinction. We find that people think that human extinction needs to be prevented. Strikingly, however, they do not think that an extinction catastrophe would be uniquely bad relative to near-extinction catastrophes, which allow for recovery. More people find extinction uniquely bad when (a) asked to consider the extinction of an animal species rather than humans, (b) asked to consider a case where human extinction is associated with less direct harm, and (c) they are explicitly prompted to consider long-term consequences of the catastrophes. We conclude that an important reason why people do not find extinction uniquely bad is that they focus on the immediate death and suffering that the catastrophes cause for fellow humans, rather than on the long-term consequences. Finally, we find that (d) laypeople—in line with prominent philosophical arguments—think that the quality of the future is relevant: they do find extinction uniquely bad when this means forgoing a utopian future.
Nitrogen-doped Carbon with Modulated Surface Chemistry and Porous Structure by a Stepwise Biomass Activation Process towards Enhanced Electrochemical Lithium-Ion Storage
Authors: Nie Zhenzhen , Huang Yewei , Ma Beibei , Qiu Xiaobin , Zhang Nan , Xie Xiuqiang , Wu Zhenjun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractControllable conversion of biomass to value-added carbon materials is attractive towards a wide variety of potential applications. Herein, hydrothermal treatment and KOH activation are successively employed to treat the cheap and abundant camellia oleifera shell as a new carbon raw material. It is shown that this stepwise activation process allows the production of porous nitrogen-doped carbon with optimized surface chemistry and porous structure compared to the counterparts prepared by a single activation procedure. Benefiting from the modulated porous structure, the as-produced porous nitrogen-doped carbon electrode delivered a high reversible capacity of 1080 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, which is 3.3 and 5.8 times as high as that of the carbon materials prepared by bare hydrothermal treatment or KOH activation, respectively. Moreover, the optimized surface composition of the porous nitrogen-doped carbon endows it with a highest initial Coulombic efficiency among the three samples, showing great potentials for practical applications. This work is expected to pave a new avenue to upgrade biomass to carbon materials with tunable surface properties and microstructures for target applications.