bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of solids produced from coal mine drainage and their suitability for phosphorus control in dairy manure management
Authors: Hedin Robert , Hedin Benjamin , Spargo John T. , Brimmer Rachel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne strategy to limiting eutrophication in waterways is to reduce the concentration of water‐extractable P (WEP) in land‐applied manure. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using mine drainage residuals (MDR), waste solids produced in large quantities from coal mine drainage treatment, to reduce WEP in dairy manure. Twenty MDRs from treatment systems in Pennsylvania were collected and analyzed to determine concentrations of pollutants that may limit land application. Laboratory dose‐response tests were conducted using the selected MDRs to determine the effectiveness and kinetics of WEP reduction, and three field‐scale MDR application tests were conducted to demonstrate the process of using MDR to decrease manure WEP. The MDR–manure mixtures investigated in this study do not exceed biosolid land application concentration limits set by the USEPA. Amendment rates of 5–10 g MDR L−1 of manure provided significant reductions in WEP. Iron‐rich MDR, produced from passive and oxidant treatment of mine drainage, required 1–4 d to reduce WEP to an equilibrium concentration, while Ca‐rich materials, produced from lime treatment, required 4–7 d. Three field studies at operating dairy farms confirmed the reduction in WEP when manure was amended with MDR. Unit costs calculated for a 1,900‐m3 manure tank treated with 4.4 g L−1 MDR were US$2.16 per 1,000 L of manure and $30 kg−1 WEP removed. These findings indicate that the WEP of dairy manure is not a fixed chemical parameter and can be modified with amendments such as MDR.
Investigating the effects of nest shading on the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchling phenotype in the Ogasawara islands using a field‐based split clutch experiment
Authors: Kobayashi Shohei , Endo Daisuke , Kondo Satomi , Kitayama Chiyo , Ogawa Ryuta , Arai Katsuhiko , Watanabe Gen , Kawaguchi Maiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Ogasawara Islands are an important rookery for the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in the North Pacific. Green turtles possess temperature‐dependent sex determination, and warmer incubation temperatures produce more females than males. Therefore, conservation practices such as nest shading may be required for this population to mitigate the effect of global warming on their sex ratio. To consider the application of such conservation practices in the Ogasawara population, it is fundamental to understand how artificially modified nest environments will affect green turtle hatchling phenotypes that influence their fitness. Here, we investigated the effects of nest shading on green turtle hatchling phenotypes in the Ogasawara population by using a split clutch experiment equally separating the clutch, relocating each half‐clutch into an outdoor hatchery area either with or without shading, and observing the subsequent hatchling phenotype. Our results showed that the shading treatment produced hatchlings with a better self‐righting response and a larger carapace size. Additionally, the shading treatment mostly reduced the production of hatchlings with a nonmodal scute pattern and produced hatchlings with a smaller unabsorbed yolk sac, which may be associated with their residual yolk mass. These results suggest that conservation practices such as shading could alter not only the sex ratio but also the hatchling phenotype that influences their fitness. Hence, our results suggest that applications of such conservation strategies must be carefully considered.
Advancing the genetic counseling profession through research: Identification of priorities by the National Society of Genetic Counselors research task force
Authors: Senter Leigha , Austin Jehannine C. , Carey Meghan , Cho Megan T. , Harris Stephanie L. , Linnenbringer Erin L. , MacFarlane Ian M. , Pan Vivian Y. , Quillin John M. , Wynn Julia , Hooker Gillian W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo help advance research critical to the achievement of the National Society of Genetic Counselors’ (NSGC) strategic objectives, coordination and prioritization of society resources are needed. NSGC convened a task force to advance research necessary for the achievement of our strategic objectives by reviewing existing society‐supported research efforts identifying gaps in current research, and coordinating society resources, the task force was formed in order to coordinate and prioritize society resources to advance research critical to the achievement of our strategic objectives. The task force developed a research agenda outlining high‐priority research questions for the next 5 years. The questions are organized into four domains: (a) Genetic Counseling Clients; (b) Genetic Counseling Process and Outcomes; (c) Value of Genetic Counseling Services; and (d) Access to Genetic Counseling Services. This framework can be used to advocate for research and funding priorities within NSGC and with other key research entities to stimulate the growth and advancement of the genetic counseling profession.
Persistent HIV‐controllers are more prone to spontaneously clear HCV: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dominguez‐Molina Beatriz , Tarancon‐Diez Laura , Milanés‐Guisado Yusnelkis , Genebat Miguel , Resino Salvador , Rodriguez Carmen , Gonzalez‐García Juan , Rallón Norma , Pernas Maria , Casado Concepción , Lopez‐Galíndez Cecilio , León Agathe , Benito Jose M , García Felipe , Del Romero Jorge , Viciana Pompeyo , Lopez‐Cortes Luis F , Leal Manuel , Ruiz‐Mateos Ezequiel ,   ECRIS integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionHIV‐controllers have the ability to spontaneously maintain viraemia at low or undetectable levels in the absence of antiretroviral treatment. Furthermore, HIV‐controllers seem to have a superior capacity to spontaneously clear hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared to non HIV‐controllers. Some of these subjects eventually lose HIV‐controller status (transient controllers), whereas some HIV‐controllers show a persistent natural HIV control (persistent controllers). We aimed to analyse whether persistent controllers have superior capacity to spontaneously clear HCV compared to transient controllers.MethodsWe recruited HIV‐controllers from January 1981 up to October 2016 with available antibodies to HCV (anti‐HCV) data (n = 744). Factors associated with HIV spontaneous control in relation to HCV status were analysed in persistent and transient HIV‐controllers with anti‐HCV positive (n = 202 and n = 138 respectively) in comparison with 1700 HCV positive non HIV‐controllers recruited from January 1981 up to March 2018, bivariate and multivariate analyses, following a logistic regression model, were applied. In addition, the factors related to the loss and time to lose HIV‐controller status were explored (n = 744) using Log rank test and Kaplan–Meier curves, in this case the multivariate analysis consisted in a Cox regression model.ResultsA higher frequency of HCV spontaneous clearance was found in persistent HIV‐controllers (25.5%) compared to non‐controllers (10.2%). After adjusting for potential confounders, as sex, age, HIV transmission risk, CD4+ T‐cell nadir and time of follow‐up, HCV clearance was independently associated with persistent HIV spontaneous control (p = 0.002; OR (95% CI) = 2.573 (1.428 to 4.633)), but not with transient spontaneous control (p = 0.119; 1.589 (0.888 to 2.845)). Furthermore, persistent HIV‐controllers were more likely to spontaneously clear the HCV in comparison with transient controllers (p = 0.027; 0.377 (0.159 to 0.893). Finally, not to lose or lengthen the time of losing this control was independently associated with HCV spontaneous clearance (p = 0.010; 0.503 (0.297 to 0.850).ConclusionsThis study shows an association between spontaneous persistent HIV‐control and HCV spontaneous clearance. The study findings support the idea of preserved immune mechanisms in persistent HIV control implicated in HCV spontaneous clearance. These results highlight persistent HIV‐controllers but not transient controllers as a good model of functional HIV cure.
Axial complex of Crinoidea: Comparison with other Ambulacraria
Authors: Ezhova Olga Vladimirovna , Malakhov Vladimir Vasil'yevich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe anatomy of Crinoidea differs from that of the other modern echinoderms. In order to see, whether such differences extend to the axial complex as well, we studied the axial complex of Himerometra robustipinna (Himerometridae, Comatulida) and compared it with modern Eleutherozoa. The axial coelom is represented by narrow spaces lined with squamous coelothelium, and surrounds the extracellular haemocoelic lacunae of the axial organ. The latter is located, for the most part, along the central oral‐aboral axis of the body. The axial organ can be divided into the lacunar and tubular region. The tubular coelomic canals penetrating the thickness of the axial organ have cuboidal epithelial lining, and end blindly both on the oral and aboral sides. The axial coelom, perihaemal coelom, and genital coelom are clearly visible, but they connect with the general perivisceral coelom and with each other via numerous openings. The haemocoelic spaces of the oral haemal ring pass between the clefts of the perihaemal coelom, and connect with the axial organ. In addition, the axial organ connects with intestinal haemal vessels and with the genital haemal lacuna. Numerous thin stone canaliculi pierce the spongy tissue of the oral haemal ring. They do not connect with the environment. On the oral side, each stone canaliculus opens into the water ring. The numerous slender tegmenal pores penetrate the oral epidermis of the calyx and open to the environment. Tegmenal canaliculi lead into bubbles of the perivisceral coelom. Some structures of the crinoid axial complex (stone canaliculi, communication between different coeloms) are numerous whereas in other echinoderms these structures are fewer or only one. The arrangement of the circumoral complex of Crinoidea is most similar to Holothuroidea. The anatomical structure and histology of the axial complex of Crinoidea resembles the “heart‐kidney” of Hemichordata in some aspects.
Evaluation of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ cytokines in HIV/HHV‐8 coinfection
Authors: Silva Dayvson Maurício da , Gonçales Juliana Prado , Silva Júnior José Valter Joaquim , Lopes Thaísa Regina Rocha , Bezerra Luan Araújo , Barros de Lorena Virginia Maria , Duarte Coêlho Maria Rosângela Cunha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImbalance in the immune response is one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of diseases related with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) coinfection, such as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) and the Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). However, significant changes in pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels may be observed in HIV/HHV‐8 individuals who are negative for KS, PEL, MCD, and/or KICS. In this study, serum levels of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, tumor nucrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and interferon γ (IFN‐γ) were assessed in 69 HIV and 48 HIV/HHV‐8 individuals, all negatives for HHV‐8‐related diseases. The cytokines were measured by flow cytometry and analyzed by the Mann–Whitney test. The p < .05 and 95% confidence interval were considered in all analyzes. IL‐4 (p = .0155), IL‐6 (p = .0036), and IL‐10 (p = .0036) levels were significantly higher in HIV/HHV‐8 patients than in the HIV group. On the other hand, IL‐2 (p = .2295), TNF‐α (p = .1216) and IFN‐γ (p = .1178) did not differ between the groups analyzed. To our knowledge, to date, this is the first report on significant differences in the levels of IL‐4 and IL‐6 in HIV versus HIV/HHV‐8 individuals. Finally, these early findings are important as a prognostic tool and contribute to clarifying the HHV‐8‐host interaction.
An error‐correction and anti‐interference coding method for tracking big‐data information of commodities
Authors: Wan Jiaxin , Chen Lan , Tong Mei Song 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a novel efficient encoding and decoding method for self‐correction and anti‐interference used in big data product tracing system based on the cyclic code theory. The principle of constructing code set is first illustrated. Then the specific encoding and decoding methods suitable for the algebra rules are invented in sequence for efficiency. At last, to test the new coding system, the paper accelerates the decoding time by OpenMP more than 36 times. The error‐correcting code presents its perfect recovery property with a recovery rate of more than 95% under 60% damage rate. In analyzing its efficiency, the encoding process only costs 0.0045 second in average while the time of decoding method will increase with the damage rate’s ascending, but it can be controlled within 16 seconds. In comparison to other coding patterns in the references, the newly error‐correcting and anti‐interference coding method achieves a balance in complexity, encoding rate, and decoding time with its priority in recovering rate under the damage rate of 60%.
Efficient transient thermal analysis based on spectral element time domain method with curvilinear hexahedrons
Authors: Xue Yilun , Mi Jiamei , Wen Pengfei , Ren Qiang , Zhou Yuanguo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a three‐dimensional transient thermal simulation algorithm based on spectral element method is proposed. This algorithm uses distorted hexahedron for mesh generation, which not only keeps the high efficiency of hexahedron element calculation, but also improves the flexibility of mesh generation. It supports efficient forward difference and unconditionally stable backward difference in time step. Through practical examples and comparison with commercial software, the reliability and stability of the algorithm are verified, and it has obvious advantages in memory consumption and computing efficiency.
Virtual mechanical tests out‐perform morphometric measures for assessment of mechanical stability of fracture healing in vivo
Authors: Schwarzenberg Peter , Klein Karina , Ferguson Stephen J. , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Darwiche Salim , Dailey Hannah L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFinite element analysis with models derived from computed tomography (CT) scans is potentially powerful as a translational research tool because it can achieve what animal studies and cadaver biomechanics cannot—low‐risk, noninvasive, objective assessment of outcomes in living humans who have actually experienced the injury, or treatment being studied. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of CT‐based virtual mechanical testing with respect to physical biomechanical tests in a large animal model. Three different tibial osteotomy models were performed on 44 sheep. Data from 33 operated limbs and 20 intact limbs was retrospectively analyzed. Radiographic union scoring was performed on the operated limbs and physical torsional tests were performed on all limbs. Morphometric measures and finite element models were developed from CT scans and virtual torsional tests were performed to assess healing with four material assignment techniques. In correlation analysis, morphometric measures and radiographic scores were unreliable predictors of biomechanical rigidity, while the virtual torsion test results were strongly and significantly correlated with measured biomechanical test data, with high absolute agreement. Overall, the results validated the use of virtual mechanical testing as a reliable in vivo assessment of structural bone healing. This method is readily translatable to clinical evaluation for noninvasive assessment of the healing progress of fractures with minimal risk. Clinical significance: virtual mechanical testing can be used to reliably and noninvasively assess the rigidity of a healing fracture using clinical‐resolution CT scans and that this measure is superior to morphometric and radiographic measures.
Metronidazole and amoxicillin for patients with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus: 5‐year secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cruz Daniele Ferreira da , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , da Silva Hélio Doyle Pereira , Retamal‐Valdes Belén , Feres Magda , Miranda Tamires Szeremeske 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to perform a 5‐year follow‐up analysis of a previously‐published randomized trial (RCT) evaluating the 2‐years effects of metronidazole (MTZ) plus amoxicillin (AMX) as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients.MethodsVolunteers who received periodontal treatment in the aforementioned RCT were selected for clinical and microbiological evaluation. Patients did not receive regular supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) from 2 to 5 years post‐treatment.ResultsOf the patients enrolled in the RCT, 43% entered this study (n = 10/control and 15/test group). Most of clinical parameter values, including the number of sites with probing depth ≥ 5 mm (primary outcome variable), were reduced at 5 years post‐therapy when compared with baseline in the antibiotic‐treated group (P < 0.05), but presented higher values than those at 2 years (P < 0.05). The mean proportions of microbial complexes did not differ between MTZ+AMX+SRP and SRP‐only groups at 5 years post‐treatment (P > 0.05).ConclusionDiabetic patients treated with adjunctive MTZ+AMX were better maintained over a period of 5 years than those treated with SRP only. However, the clinical and microbiological benefits obtained up to 2 years post‐treatment were not fully sustained in these patients who did not receive SPT between 2 and 5 years post‐treatment.
Modelling Last Glacial Maximum ice cap with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model to infer palaeoclimate in south‐west Turkey
Authors: Candaş Adem , Sarikaya M. Akif , KÖSE Oğuzhan , Şen Ömer L. , Çiner Attila 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTModelling palaeoglaciers in mountainous terrain is challenging due to the need for detailed ice flow computations in relatively narrow and steep valleys, high‐resolution climate estimations, knowledge of pre‐ice topography, and proxy‐based palaeoclimate forcing. The Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), a numerical model that approximates glacier sliding and deformation to simulate large ice sheets such as Greenland and Antarctica, was recently adapted to alpine environments. In an attempt to reconstruct the climate conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) on Mount Dedegöl in SW Turkey, we used PISM and explored palaeoglacier dynamics at high spatial resolution (100 m) in a relatively small domain (225 km2). Palaeoice‐flow fields were modelled as a function of present temperature and precipitation. Nine different palaeoclimate simulations were run to reach the steady‐state glacier extents and the modelled glacial areas were compared with the field‐based and chronologically well‐established ice extents. Although our results provide a non‐unique solution, best‐fit scenarios indicate that the LGM climate on Mount Dedegöl was between 9.2 and 10.6 °C colder than today, while precipitation levels were the same as today. More humid (20% wetter) or arid (20% drier) conditions than today bring the palaeotemperature estimates to 7.7–8.8 or 11.5–13.2 °C lower than present, respectively.
Sedimentary evidence and luminescence and ESR dating of Early Pleistocene high lake levels of Megalake Tengger, northwestern China
Authors: Yuxin Fan , Zhenjun Li , Guangliang Yang , Shuangwen Yi , Qingsong Zhang , Wenhao Liu , Xuesong Mou 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe timing of high lake‐level stands during the Late Pleistocene in western China remains controversial. Here we report new results from Megalake Tengger based on a study of palaeo‐shorelines and a drill core from Baijian Lake in the northwestern Tengger Desert. Multiple dating methods, based on luminescence signals (quartz optically stimulated luminescence, K‐feldspar post infrared‐infrared stimulated luminescence) and electron spin resonance signals of quartz, were used to date beach sands from palaeo‐shoreline profiles at altitudes of ~1310 m (+20 m above lake level), ~1320 m (+30 m) and ~1350 m (+60 m), and from the top 20 m of sandy sediments from the drill core obtained from the modern beach of Baijian Lake. The dating results show that high lake‐level stands associated with the previously reported Megalake Tengger (~1310–1320 m) occurred during the late Early to Middle Pleistocene, which is much earlier than previously reported. In addition, no geomorphological evidence of shorelines and sedimentary evidence from the drill core profile were found to support the previously reported Late Pleistocene lake levels. Our results indicate that the exact age of the previously reported ‘high lake level event’ in a large part of northwestern China during the Late Pleistocene needs to be re‐evaluated.
Influence of Quartz, Kaolin, and Organic Matter on the Critical Micelle Concentration of Tween Surfactants and their Application in Diesel‐Contaminated Soil Washing
Authors: Jantanaprasartporn Angkana , Tongcumpou Chantra , Tuntiwiwattanapun Nattapong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurfactant solutions are commonly used for the remediation of petroleum‐contaminated soil due to their good petroleum removal performance, time‐saving capability, and cost effectiveness. However, applying surfactants in excess concentrations could make oil recovery difficult. Moreover, residual surfactants in soil are toxic to microorganisms and plants. Thus, it is crucial to identify a suitable surfactant concentration for soil washing applications. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil minerals (quartz and kaolin) and organic matter (OM) on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of polyethoxylated sorbitan ester surfactants (Tween 20, 40, 60, and 80) and its effect on diesel removal from diesel‐contaminated soil by soil washing. The results showed that Tween surfactants with shorter carbon chain lengths required higher CMC for diesel removal from quartz, while those with longer chains needed higher CMC for kaolin cleanup. FTIR results illustrated that oxygenated functional groups of Tween surfactants played an important role in their adsorption on quartz, while alkyl chains of Tween surfactants were responsible for their adsorption on kaolin. At a certain OM concentration, quartz and OM exhibited antagonistic effects, resulting in CMC reduction. In soil washing application, maximum diesel removal could be achieved from kaolin, in the presence of which surfactants exhibited the highest CMC. Based on FTIR results, the adsorbed surfactant could reduce the hydrophobicity of the kaolin surface, thus preventing the re‐deposition of detached diesel.