bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interval between sequential glufosinate applications influences weed control in cotton
Authors: Randell Taylor M. , Hand Lavesta C. , Vance Jenna C. , Culpepper A. Stanley 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDicamba and 2,4-D systems control many problematic weeds; however, drift to susceptible crops can be a concern in diverse production areas. Glufosinate-based systems are an alternative, but current recommended rates of glufosinate can result in variable control. Research was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to investigate the optimum time interval between sequential glufosinate applications and determine if the addition of glyphosate with glufosinate is beneficial for controlling Palmer amaranth and annual grasses in cotton. The interval between sequential applications (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, or 14 d or no second spray) was the whole plot and herbicide option (glufosinate or glufosinate plus glyphosate) was the subplot. Combined over herbicides, Palmer amaranth 15- to 20-cm tall (at four locations) was controlled 98% to 99% with sequential intervals of 1 to 7 d compared with 70% to 88% with intervals of 10 or 14 d. Lowest biomass weight and population densities were noted with 1- to 7-d intervals. Large crabgrass 15- to 20-cm tall (at five locations) was controlled 93% to 98% with glufosinate applications 3- to 7-d apart as compared with 76% to 81% with applications 10- to 14-d apart. Lowest biomass weights were observed with 1- to 7-d intervals. When glufosinate controlled grass less than 93%, adding glyphosate was beneficial. Neither interval between sequential applications nor herbicide option influenced cotton yield. Shorter time intervals between sequential application and including glyphosate can improve the effectiveness of a glufosinate-based system in managing Palmer amaranth and large crabgrass.
Off-target movement assessment of dicamba in North America
Authors: Soltani Nader , Oliveira Maxwel C. , Alves Guilherme S. , Werle Rodrigo , Norsworthy Jason K. , Sprague Christy L. , Young Bryan G. , Reynolds Daniel B. , Brown Ashli , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSix experiments were conducted in 2018 on field sites located in Arkansas, Indiana, Michigan, Nebraska, Ontario, and Wisconsin to evaluate the off-target movement (OTM) of dicamba under field-scale conditions. The highest estimated percentages of dicamba injury in non–dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean were 55%, 44%, 39%, 67%, 15%, and 44% injury for noncovered areas and 55%, 5%, 13%, 42%, 0%, and 41% injury for covered areas during dicamba application in Arkansas, Indiana, Michigan, Nebraska, Ontario, and Wisconsin, respectively. The level of injury generally decreased as the downwind distance increased under covered and noncovered areas at all sites. There was an estimated 10% injury in non-DR soybean at 113, 8, 11, 8, and 8 m; and estimated 1% injury at 293, 28, 71, 15, and 19 m from the edge of treated fields downwind when plants were not covered during dicamba application in Arkansas, Indiana, Michigan, Ontario, and Wisconsin, respectively. Assessment of filter-paper collectors placed from 4 to 137 m downwind from the edge of the sprayed area suggested the dicamba deposition reduced exponentially with distance. The greatest injury to non-DR soybean from dicamba OTM occurred at Nebraska and Arkansas (as far as 250 m). Non-DR soybean injury was greatest adjacent to the dicamba sprayed area, but injury decreased with no injury beyond 20 m downwind or in any other direction from the dicamba sprayed area in Indiana, Michigan, Ontario, and Wisconsin. The presence of soybean injury under covered and noncovered areas during the spray period for primary drift suggests that secondary movement of dicamba was evident at five sites. Additional research is needed to determine the exact forms of secondary movement of dicamba under different environmental conditions.
Earthquake Stress Drops From Dynamic Rupture Simulations Constrained by Observed Ground Motions
Authors: Gallovič F. , Valentová Ľ. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStress drop characterizing dynamics of earthquake rupture propagation has various definitions and measures with a yet unclear mutual relationship. We aim to reconcile this discrepancy by analyzing synthetic dynamic rupture models generated by random sampling of the model space of spatially heterogeneous dynamic rupture parameters. An ensemble of ~1,600 dynamic models, with waveforms statistically fitting empirical Ground Motion Prediction Equations, is treated as a synthetic event database. The events exhibit various magnitudes, degrees of complexity, and realistic ω−2 spectral decay of their average moment rates. While the variability of the stress drop Δτe estimated from the moment rates agrees with real data studies (
, the true static stress drops Δτs evaluated directly from the dynamic models exhibit larger values and lower variability (
). Our study suggests that the disagreement between various stress drop definitions is related to the source model approximation and not to any particular data processing.
Melt Segregation and Depletion During Ascent of Buoyant Diapirs in Subduction Zones
Authors: Zhang Nan , Behn Mark D. , Parmentier E. Marc , Kincaid Christopher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCold, low‐density diapirs arising from hydrated mantle and/or subducted sediments on the top of subducting slabs have been invoked to transport key chemical signatures to the source region of arc magmas. However, to date there have been few quantitative models to constrain melting in such diapirs. Here we use a two‐phase Darcy‐Stokes‐energy model to investigate thermal evolution, melting, and depletion in a buoyant sediment diapir ascending through the mantle wedge. Using a simplified 2‐D circular geometry, we investigate diapir evolution in three scenarios with increasing complexity. In the first two scenarios we consider instantaneous heating of a diapir by thermal diffusion with and without the effect of the latent heat of melting. Then, these simplified calculations are compared to numerical simulations that include melting, melt segregation, and the influence of depletion on the sediment solidus along pressure‐temperature‐time (P‐T‐t) paths appropriate for ascent through the mantle wedge. The high boundary temperature induces a rim of high porosity, into which new melts are focused and then migrate upward. The rim thus acts like an annulus melt channel, while the effect of depletion buffers additional melt production. Solid matrix flow combined with recrystallization of melt pooled near the top of the diapir can result in large gradients in depletion across the diapir. These large depletion gradients can either be preserved if the diapir leaks melt during ascent, or rehomogenized in a sealed diapir. Overall our numerical simulations predict less melt production than the simplified thermal diffusion calculations. Specifically, we show that diapirs whose ascent paths favor melting beneath the volcanic arc will undergo no more than ~40–50% total melting.
Quartz Cementation in Polycrystalline Sandstone: Insights From Phase‐Field Simulations
Authors: Prajapati Nishant , Abad Gonzalez Andres , Selzer Michael , Nestler Britta , Busch Benjamin , Hilgers Christoph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPresent work investigates the dynamics of polycrystalline quartz cement growth in sandstone using a multiphase‐field model. First, the model parameters corresponding to common reservoir temperature and pressure conditions were determined. A parameter related to growth kinetics was ascertained through undisturbed cement growth simulations to aptly capture the known faceting‐dependent growth behavior of quartz. Unrestricted growth simulations for different grain sizes, number of subgrains, and their crystallographic orientations revealed that (I) the model successfully recovers the tendency of quartz cements to grow at a faster overall rate on a coarse grain as compared to finer one and (II) the impact of crystallographic orientations of individual subgrains in polycrystalline grains on cement volume increases with increasing number of subgrains. For applying the model to realistic multigrain systems, we generated digital grain packs through a systematic procedure. These packs fairly represent natural sandstone in terms of grain shapes, sizes, and depositional porosity. The simulated textures in these packs resemble natural samples in terms of crystal morphologies and pore geometries. The cement growth rate decreases with the increase in fraction of polycrystalline grains, indicating a significant role of mutual hindrance among differently oriented overgrowths originating from different subgrains. Further, the permeabilities computed using fluid‐flow simulations through the progressively cemented packs suggest that monocrystalline packs are more permeable than equally porous polycrystalline ones. The computed permeabilities of the simulated microstructures are consistent with the measured permeabilities, advocating the pack generation process and cementation modeling approach.
Feasibility of Improving Groundwater Modeling by Assimilating Evapotranspiration Rates
Authors: Gelsinari Simone , Doble Rebecca , Daly Edoardo , Pauwels Valentijn R. N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWater table dynamics are linked to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration and recharge. The assimilation of observed evapotranspiration values should thus improve groundwater model results. This paper presents a method for assimilating evapotranspiration data into a coupled unsaturated zone and groundwater model using the ensemble Kalman filter. The method is tested for a synthetically generated losing stream system in climatic conditions common in South Australia. The study focused on areas with a deep (recharge area) and a shallow (extraction area) water table and an intermediate area showing seasonal variations between these two (transition area). The data assimilation algorithm consistently improved the model states in the three areas when the ensemble spread was adequate. Improvements were also obtained in the calculation of net recharge and modeled actual evapotranspiration. The results indicate the potential to improve groundwater models using remote sensing observations of actual evapotranspiration values.
A role for CBFβ in maintaining the metastatic phenotype of breast cancer cells
Authors: Ran Ran , Harrison Hannah , Syamimi Ariffin Nur , Ayub Rahna , Pegg Henry J. , Deng Wensheng , Mastro Andrea , Ottewell Penny D. , Mason Susan M. , Blyth Karen , Holen Ingunn , Shore Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that drives cancer cell plasticity and is thought to play a major role in metastasis. Here we show, using MDA-MB-231 cells as a model, that the plasticity of at least some metastatic breast cancer cells is dependent on the transcriptional co-regulator CBFβ. We demonstrate that CBFβ is essential to maintain the mesenchymal phenotype of triple-negative breast cancer cells and that CBFβ-depleted cells undergo a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and re-organise into acini-like structures, reminiscent of those formed by epithelial breast cells. We subsequently show, using an inducible CBFβ system, that the MET can be reversed, thus demonstrating the plasticity of CBFβ-mediated EMT. Moreover, the MET can be reversed by expression of the EMT transcription factor Slug whose expression is dependent on CBFβ. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of CBFβ inhibits the ability of metastatic breast cancer cells to invade bone cell cultures and suppresses their ability to form bone metastases in vivo. Together our findings demonstrate that CBFβ can determine the plasticity of the metastatic cancer cell phenotype, suggesting that its regulation in different micro-environments may play a key role in the establishment of metastatic tumours.
B7-H7 (HHLA2) inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation in the presence of TCR and CD28 signaling
Authors: Rieder Sadiye Amcaoglu , Wang Jingya , White Natalie , Qadri Ariful , Menard Catherine , Stephens Geoffrey , Karnell Jodi L. , Rudd Christopher E. , Kolbeck Roland 
Published: January 2020

AbstractModulation of T-cell responses has played a key role in treating cancers and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, understanding how different receptors on T cells impact functional outcomes is crucial. The influence of B7-H7 (HHLA2) and CD28H (TMIGD2) on T-cell activation remains controversial. Here we examined global transcriptomic changes in human T cells induced by B7-H7. Stimulation through TCR with OKT3 and B7-H7 resulted in modest fold changes in the expression of select genes; however, these fold changes were significantly lower than those induced by OKT3 and B7-1 stimulation. The transcriptional changes induced by OKT3 and B7-H7 were insufficient to provide functional stimulation as measured by evaluating T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Interestingly, B7-H7 was coinhibitory when simultaneously combined with TCR and CD28 stimulation. This inhibitory activity was comparable to that observed with PD-L1. Finally, in physiological assays using T cells and APCs, blockade of B7-H7 enhanced T-cell activation and proliferation, demonstrating that this ligand acts as a break signal. Our work defines that the transcriptomic changes induced by B7-H7 are insufficient to support full costimulation with TCR signaling and, instead, B7-H7 inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation in the presence of TCR and CD28 signaling.
Triple-synergistic 2D material-based dual-delivery antibiotic platform
Authors: Han Fengqi , Lv Shupei , Li Zhanrong , Jin Lin , Fan Bingbing , Zhang Junjie , Zhang Rui , Zhang Xingcai , Han Lei , Li Jingguo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have raised significant interest in not only energy and environmental fields but also biomedical areas. Among these materials, one type that has many interesting properties and possesses numerous exciting applications is graphene oxide (GO)-based 2D materials. However, their poor stability in aqueous solutions and weak bioactivities limit their use in biomedical applications, especially antimicrobial fields. In this study, GO was functionalized with hydrophilic polymers and used as a vector for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and sulfadiazine (SD). The stability of the material in aqueous solutions was greatly improved. The antibacterial activity of the novel hybrid antibacterial system (HAS) was enhanced by over 3 times compared to that of the system lacking SD. The antibacterial performance of the HAS was due to the triple synergy: bacterial capping, puncture, and inhibition. This study provides new insights into the design and fabrication of surface-modified GO and carbon materials and their 2D hybrid multifunctional materials for advanced applications including biomedical and especially antibacterial applications, broadening the design and application scope of carbon and 2D materials.
Persistence of adoptively transferred T cells with a kinetically engineered IL-2 receptor agonist
Authors: Parisi Giulia , Saco Justin D. , Salazar Felix B. , Tsoi Jennifer , Krystofinski Paige , Puig-Saus Cristina , Zhang Ruixue , Zhou Jing , Cheung-Lau Gardenia C. , Garcia Alejandro J. , Grasso Catherine S. , Tavaré Richard , Hu-Lieskovan Siwen , Mackay Sean , Zalevsky Jonathan , Bernatchez Chantale , Diab Adi , Wu Anna M. , Comin-Anduix Begoña , Charych Deborah , Ribas Antoni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInterleukin-2 (IL-2) is a component of most protocols of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy for cancer, but is limited by short exposure and high toxicities. NKTR-214 is a kinetically-engineered IL-2 receptor βγ (IL-2Rβγ)-biased agonist consisting of IL-2 conjugated to multiple releasable polyethylene glycol chains resulting in sustained signaling through IL-2Rβγ. We report that ACT supported by NKTR-214 increases the proliferation, homing and persistence of anti-tumor T cells compared to ACT with IL-2, resulting in superior antitumor activity in a B16-F10 murine melanoma model. The use of NKTR-214 increases the number of polyfunctional T cells in murine spleens and tumors compared to IL-2, and enhances the polyfunctionality of T and NK cells in the peripheral blood of patients receiving NKTR-214 in a phase 1 trial. In conclusion, NKTR-214 may have the potential to improve the antitumor activity of ACT in humans through increased in vivo expansion and polyfunctionality of the adoptively transferred T cells.
Distinct effects of general anesthetics on lung metastasis mediated by IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in mouse models
Authors: Li Ru , Huang Yujie , Lin Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetastasis can occur following surgical resection of solid tumors and metastasis is the main cause of cancer death. The role of anesthetics used during surgery in cancer metastasis and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we show that surgical dissection of primary tumors in mice under anesthesia with sevoflurane leads to significantly more lung metastasis than with propofol in both syngeneic murine 4T1 and xenograft human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer models. Sevoflurane increases the level of serum IL-6, which activates STAT3 and the infiltration of CD11b+ myeloid cells into the lung. Interruption of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway by a JAK inhibitor AZD1480 reverses the pro-metastatic effect of sevoflurane and the associated increase of both activated STAT3 and infiltrated CD11b+ cells in 4T1 model. Our study provides the preclinical evidence informing the distinct effects of anesthetics on metastasis of breast cancers through change of cytokines and the tumor microenvironment.
The anterior insular cortex unilaterally controls feeding in response to aversive visceral stimuli in mice
Authors: Wu Yu , Chen Changwan , Chen Ming , Qian Kai , Lv Xinyou , Wang Haiting , Jiang Lifei , Yu Lina , Zhuo Min , Qiu Shuang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReduced food intake is common to many pathological conditions, such as infection and toxin exposure. However, cortical circuits that mediate feeding responses to these threats are less investigated. The anterior insular cortex (aIC) is a core region that integrates interoceptive states and emotional awareness and consequently guides behavioral responses. Here, we demonstrate that the right-side aIC CamKII+ (aICCamKII) neurons in mice are activated by aversive visceral signals. Hyperactivation of the right-side aICCamKII neurons attenuates food consumption, while inhibition of these neurons increases feeding and reverses aversive stimuli-induced anorexia and weight loss. Similar manipulation at the left-side aIC does not cause significant behavioral changes. Furthermore, virus tracing reveals that aICCamKII neurons project directly to the vGluT2+ neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and the right-side aICCamKII-to-LH pathway mediates feeding suppression. Our studies uncover a circuit from the cortex to the hypothalamus that senses aversive visceral signals and controls feeding behavior.
The in vivo genetic program of murine primordial lung epithelial progenitors
Authors: Ikonomou Laertis , Herriges Michael J. , Lewandowski Sara L. , Marsland Robert , Villacorta-Martin Carlos , Caballero Ignacio S. , Frank David B. , Sanghrajka Reeti M. , Dame Keri , Kańduła Maciej M. , Hicks-Berthet Julia , Lawton Matthew L. , Christodoulou Constantina , Fabian Attila J. , Kolaczyk Eric , Varelas Xaralabos , Morrisey Edward E. , Shannon John M. , Mehta Pankaj , Kotton Darrell N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultipotent Nkx2-1-positive lung epithelial primordial progenitors of the foregut endoderm are thought to be the developmental precursors to all adult lung epithelial lineages. However, little is known about the global transcriptomic programs or gene networks that regulate these gateway progenitors in vivo. Here we use bulk RNA-sequencing to describe the unique genetic program of in vivo murine lung primordial progenitors and computationally identify signaling pathways, such as Wnt and Tgf-β superfamily pathways, that are involved in their cell-fate determination from pre-specified embryonic foregut. We integrate this information in computational models to generate in vitro engineered lung primordial progenitors from mouse pluripotent stem cells, improving the fidelity of the resulting cells through unbiased, easy-to-interpret similarity scores and modulation of cell culture conditions, including substratum elastic modulus and extracellular matrix composition. The methodology proposed here can have wide applicability to the in vitro derivation of bona fide tissue progenitors of all germ layers.
Shoot-to-root mobile CEPD-like 2 integrates shoot nitrogen status to systemically regulate nitrate uptake in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ota Ryosuke , Ohkubo Yuri , Yamashita Yasuko , Ogawa-Ohnishi Mari , Matsubayashi Yoshikatsu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlants modulate the efficiency of root nitrogen (N) acquisition in response to shoot N demand. However, molecular components directly involved in this shoot-to-root communication remain to be identified. Here, we show that phloem-mobile CEPD-like 2 (CEPDL2) polypeptide is upregulated in the leaf vasculature in response to decreased shoot N status and, after translocation to the roots, promotes high-affinity uptake and root-to-shoot transport of nitrate. Loss of CEPDL2 leads to a reduction in shoot nitrate content and plant biomass. CEPDL2 contributes to N acquisition cooperatively with CEPD1 and CEPD2 which mediate root N status, and the complete loss of all three proteins severely impairs N homeostasis in plants. Reciprocal grafting analysis provides conclusive evidence that the shoot CEPDL2/CEPD1/2 genotype defines the high-affinity nitrate uptake activity in root. Our results indicate that plants integrate shoot N status and root N status in leaves and systemically regulate the efficiency of root N acquisition.
Strong and fragile topological Dirac semimetals with higher-order Fermi arcs
Authors: Wieder Benjamin J. , Wang Zhijun , Cano Jennifer , Dai Xi , Schoop Leslie M. , Bradlyn Barry , Bernevig B. Andrei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDirac and Weyl semimetals both exhibit arc-like surface states. However, whereas the surface Fermi arcs in Weyl semimetals are topological consequences of the Weyl points themselves, the surface Fermi arcs in Dirac semimetals are not directly related to the bulk Dirac points, raising the question of whether there exists a topological bulk-boundary correspondence for Dirac semimetals. In this work, we discover that strong and fragile topological Dirac semimetals exhibit one-dimensional (1D) higher-order hinge Fermi arcs (HOFAs) as universal, direct consequences of their bulk 3D Dirac points. To predict HOFAs coexisting with topological surface states in solid-state Dirac semimetals, we introduce and layer a spinful model of an s–d-hybridized quadrupole insulator (QI). We develop a rigorous nested Jackiw–Rebbi formulation of QIs and HOFA states. Employing ab initio calculations, we demonstrate HOFAs in both the room- (α) and intermediate-temperature (α″) phases of Cd3As2, KMgBi, and rutile-structure ($$ \beta ^{\prime} $$

β

′

-) PtO2.