bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential Greenspace in Childhood Reduces Risk of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Elten Michael , Benchimol Eric I. , Fell Deshayne B. , Kuenzig M. Ellen , Smith Glenys , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Chen Hong , Crouse Dan , Lavigne Eric 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Environmental factors related to urbanization and industrialization are believed to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development, but no study has looked at the association between greenspace and IBD.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked population-based health administrative and environmental data sets. The study population comprised 2,715,318 mother-infant pairs from hospital births in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 1991, and March 31, 2014. We measured the exposure to residential greenspace using the normalized difference vegetation index derived using remote-sensing methods. Average greenspace was estimated for the pregnancy and childhood periods. We used mixed-effects Cox proportional hazard models to assess potential associations between residential greenspace and the risk of developing IBD before 18 years while adjusting for covariates including sex, maternal IBD, rural/urban residence at birth, and neighborhood income.

RESULTS:
There were 3,444 IBD diagnoses that occurred during follow-up. An increase in the interquartile range of residential greenspace during the childhood period was associated with a lower risk of developing pediatric-onset IBD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.81). This relationship was significant for both ulcerative colitis (HR 0.72 95% CI 0.67–0.78) and Crohn's disease (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.76–0.87). There was a linear dose response across increasing quartiles of greenspace (P < 0.0001). No consistent association was detected between maternal intrapartum greenspace exposure and pediatric-onset IBD.

DISCUSSION:
Higher exposure to residential greenspace during childhood was associated with a reduced risk of IBD, suggesting a novel avenue to prevent IBD in children.
Augmented Reality Facilitated Scavenger Hunt for Mobile Learning
Authors: Li Lan 
Published: October 2020

Game-based learning has become increasingly popular in recent years and has drawn an increasing level of attention in education. While the preliminary findings of educational gaming impact are quite promising, the current dilemma is the disconnect between what is available on the market and what is needed in the classroom. There has been an increasing call for teachers to be game designers to create educational games that tailor to their specific instructional needs. This paper shares one example how an educator, performing both roles as class teacher and game designer, utilized Augmented Reality and mobile learning to modernize a traditional scavenger hunt to engage students and promote their learning. It is the author’s hope that this paper would encourage more educators to explore, experiment, and discover how game-based learning may be effectively utilized in their classrooms.
Lower Limb Maximal Power Predicts Punching Speed in Different Static and Dynamic Attacking Techniques in Karate
Authors: Quinzi Federico , Rosellini Gioele , Sbriccoli Paola 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Quinzi, F, Rosellini G, and Sbriccoli, P. Lower limb maximal power predicts punching speed in different static and dynamic attacking techniques in karate. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1353–1359, 2022—Punching performance of karate can be predicted from lower limb maximal power. However, this relationship was observed only in single actions starting from a static position, thus calling for an investigation on the applicability of this relationship to other conditions. This study aims at investigating whether the relationship between lower limb maximal power and punch speed holds true, not only for single actions, but also for a combination of upper limb techniques in static and dynamic conditions. Ten national-level karate athletes aged 22.3 ± 1.8 years were assessed for maximal power of upper and lower limbs during a bench press and a back squat, and for punching speed during 2 punching techniques (gyaku tsuki [GT]; kizami tsuki and gyaku tsuki [KG]) starting from a static (GTS; KGS) or a dynamic (GTD; KGD) condition. Pearson's correlations were obtained between upper and lower limb maximal relative power and punch speed across tasks and conditions. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. Significant correlations were observed between lower limb maximal relative power and punch speed for all tasks and conditions (r = 0.66–0.80; p = 0.005–0.037). The present results further our knowledge on the relationship between lower limb maximal power and punch speed showing that this relationship holds true also for combinations of punching techniques performed also in dynamic conditions. This information can be useful for karate trainers to predict the punching performance of their athletes using a simple test to assess maximal lower limb power.
A rs936306 C/T Polymorphism in the CYP19A1 Is Associated With Stress Fractures
Authors: Kumagai Hiroshi , Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Kikuchi Naoki , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Zempo Hirofumi , Fuku Noriyuki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Kumagai, H, Miyamoto-Mikami, E, Kikuchi, N, Kamiya, N, Zempo, H, and Fuku, N. A rs936306 C/T polymorphism in the CYP19A1 is associated with stress fractures. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2322–2325, 2022—A stress fracture (SF) is an overuse injury, and low bone mineral density (BMD) is the risk factor for the SF. Estrogen is suggested to have a crucial role in bone metabolism, and estrogen-related genetic polymorphisms are associated with BMD. However, the possible association between SF and estrogen-related genetic polymorphisms has not been clarified yet. Therefore, we aimed to clarify whether estrogen-related genetic polymorphisms are associated with a history of SFs in Japanese athletes. A total of 1,311 (men: n = 868, women: n = 443) top-level Japanese athletes who participated in various sports and at different levels were analyzed. The history of SFs was assessed using a questionnaire, and the cytochrome P450 aromatase gene (CYP19A1) rs936306 C/T and estrogen receptor α gene (ESR1) rs2234693 T/C polymorphisms were analyzed using the TaqMan genotyping assay. The genotype frequency of the CYP19A1 C/T polymorphism was significantly different between the injured group and noninjured group under the C allele additive genetic model (odds ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.70), especially in men and in women with irregular menstruation. On the other hand, there were no significant differences with the ESR1 T/C polymorphism. This study demonstrated that the C allele in the CYP19A1 rs936306 polymorphism is a risk factor for SFs in top-level Japanese athletes.
The Deceleration Deficit: A Novel Field-Based Method to Quantify Deceleration During Change of Direction Performance
Authors: Clarke Richard , Read Paul J. , De Ste Croix Mark B.A. , Hughes Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Clarke, R, Read, PJ, De Ste Croix, MBA, and Hughes, JD. The deceleration deficit: a novel field-based method to quantify deceleration during change of direction performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2434–2439, 2022—The study investigated the relationship between linear and change of direction (COD) speed performance components and the individual differences between deceleration deficit (DD) and COD deficit (CODD). Thirty-six subjects (mean ± SD: age = 20.3 ± 2.9 years; stature = 175.2 ± 7.7 cm; and body mass = 78.0 ± 16.7 kg) completed 3 trials of a 505 test in both turning directions (dominant [D]; nondominant [ND]) and 3 15-m linear sprints. Deceleration deficit was calculated by the 15-m approach in the 505 test, minus the athlete's linear 15-m sprint time. To compare individuals CODD and DD, z-scores were calculated, and moderate worthwhile changes (MWCs) were identified between these deficit z-scores. Significant correlations were identified between linear sprints and 505 time (D: r = 0.71, 0.74; P < 0.01. ND: r = 0.76, 0.75; P < 0.01) for 10-m and 15-m sprint. respectively, and between 505 performance and CODD (D: r = 0.74; P < 0.01. ND: r = 0.77; P < 0.01) and DD (D: r = 0.41, P < 0.05. ND: r = 0.44, P < 0.01). Deceleration deficit was significantly related to CODD (D: r = 0.59; P < 0.01. ND: r = 0.62; P < 0.01); however, 78% of subjects demonstrated differences between these deficit measures greater than an MWC. In conclusion, linear speed has the strongest significant relationship with 505 performance. Deceleration deficit could provide a more isolated construct than CODD which may be related to an athlete's deceleration capabilities.
Effects of Nonperiodized and Linear Periodized Combined Training on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Streb Anne Ribeiro , Passos da Silva Robert , Leonel Larissa dos Santos , Possamai Leonardo Trevisol , Gerage Aline Mendes , Turnes Tiago , Del Duca Giovani Firpo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Streb, AR, Passos da Silva, R, Leonel, LdS, Possamai, LT, Gerage, AM, Turnes, T, and Del Duca, GF. Effects of nonperiodized and linear periodized combined training on health-related physical fitness in adults with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2628–2634, 2022—The aim of this randomized controlled trial study was to compare the effects of 16 weeks of linear periodized and nonperiodized combined training (CT) in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition indicators of adults with obesity. Thirty-four obese adults of both sexes (36.6 ± 4.4 years; body mass index, 32.9 ± 2.7 kg·m−2) were divided into nonperiodized (NG; n = 8), linear periodized (PG; n = 11), and control (CG; n = 15) groups. The NG and PG groups performed 3 weekly sessions of CT over 16 weeks in different ways. Anthropometric measures, maximal strength for leg press and barbell bench press, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max), and ventilatory thresholds were determined before and after intervention. The generalized estimation equation was used, with the applied level of significance for the interaction of 0.10 and the isolated effect of time or group or both of 0.05. Significant and similar increases were observed in the 1-repetition maximum test for bench press (NG: 48.8 ± 5.7 to 55.0 ± 6.1 kg; PG: 48.7 ± 5.7 to 53.8 ± 5.9 kg; p = 0.001) and leg press (NG: 235.2 ± 18.7 to 268.3 ± 19.7 kg; PG: 223.1 ± 25.3 to 253.3 ± 23.1 kg; p = 0.05) in trained groups. Relative V̇o
2max improved only in PG (27.8 ± 1.3 to 32.0 ± 1.4 mL·kg·min−1; p = 0.05), while ventilatory thresholds improved in NG and CG (p = 0.004 and p = 0.06). There was an increase in body mass in CG (97.6 ± 3.4 to 99.1 ± 2.9 kg) and NG (92.5 ± 5.4 to 93.5 ± 5.4 kg; p = 0.05). Combined training improved maximal upper-body and lower-body strength, regardless of periodization. However, for improvement in V̇o
2max, linear periodization may be superior to nonperiodization in obese adults.
A Minimal Biophysical Model of Neocortical Pyramidal Cells: Implications for Frontal Cortex Microcircuitry and Field Potential Generation
Authors: Herrera Beatriz , Sajad Amirsaman , Woodman Geoffrey F. , Schall Jeffrey D. , Riera Jorge J. 
Published: October 2020

Ca2+spikes initiated in the distal trunk of layer 5 pyramidal cells (PCs) underlie nonlinear dynamic changes in the gain of cellular response, critical for top-down control of cortical processing. Detailed models with many compartments and dozens of ionic channels can account for this Ca2+spike-dependent gain and associated critical frequency. However, current models do not account for all known Ca2+-dependent features. Previous attempts to include more features have required increasing complexity, limiting their interpretability and utility for studying large population dynamics. We overcome these limitations in a minimal two-compartment biophysical model. In our model, a basal-dendrites/somatic compartment included fast-inactivating Na+and delayed-rectifier K+conductances, while an apical-dendrites/trunk compartment included persistent Na+, hyperpolarization-activated cation (Ih), slow-inactivating K+, muscarinic K+, and Ca2+L-type. The model replicated the Ca2+spike morphology and its critical frequency plus three other defining features of layer 5 PC synaptic integration: linear frequency-current relationships, back-propagation-activated Ca2+spike firing, and a shift in the critical frequency by blocking Ih. Simulating 1000 synchronized layer 5 PCs, we reproduced the current source density patterns evoked by Ca2+spikes and describe resulting medial-frontal EEG on a male macaque monkey. We reproduced changes in the current source density when Ihwas blocked. Thus, a two-compartment model with five crucial ionic currents in the apical dendrites reproduces all features of these neurons. We discuss the utility of this minimal model to study the microcircuitry of agranular areas of the frontal lobe involved in cognitive control and responsible for event-related potentials, such as the error-related negativity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA minimal model of layer 5 pyramidal cells replicates all known features crucial for distal synaptic integration in these neurons. By redistributing voltage-gated and returning transmembrane currents in the model, we establish a theoretical framework for the investigation of cortical microcircuit contribution to intracranial local field potentials and EEG. This tractable model will enable biophysical evaluation of multiscale electrophysiological signatures and computational investigation of cortical processing.
LAR-RPTPs Directly Interact with Neurexins to Coordinate Bidirectional Assembly of Molecular Machineries
Authors: Han Kyung Ah , Kim Yoon-Jung , Yoon Taek Han , Kim Hyeonho , Bae Sungwon , Um Ji Won , Choi Se-Young , Ko Jaewon 
Published: October 2020

Neurexins (Nrxns) and LAR-RPTPs (leukocyte common antigen-related protein tyrosine phosphatases) are presynaptic adhesion proteins responsible for organizing presynaptic machineries through interactions with nonoverlapping extracellular ligands. Here, we report that two members of the LAR-RPTP family, PTPσ and PTPδ, are required for the presynaptogenic activity of Nrxns. Intriguingly, Nrxn1 and PTPσ require distinct sets of intracellular proteins for the assembly of specific presynaptic terminals. In addition, Nrxn1α showed robust heparan sulfate (HS)-dependent, high-affinity interactions with Ig domains of PTPσ that were regulated by the splicing status of PTPσ. Furthermore, Nrxn1α WT, but not a Nrxn1α mutant lacking HS moieties (Nrxn1α ΔHS), inhibited postsynapse-inducing activity of PTPσ at excitatory, but not inhibitory, synapses. Similarly,cisexpression of Nrxn1α WT, but not Nrxn1α ΔHS, suppressed the PTPσ-mediated maintenance of excitatory postsynaptic specializations in mouse cultured hippocampal neurons. Lastly, genetics analyses using male or femaleDrosophila DlarandDnrxmutant larvae identified epistatic interactions that control synapse formation and synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions. Our results suggest a novel synaptogenesis model whereby different presynaptic adhesion molecules combine with distinct regulatory codes to orchestrate specific synaptic adhesion pathways.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide evidence supporting the physical interactions of neurexins with leukocyte common-antigen related receptor tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs). The availability of heparan sulfates and alternative splicing of LAR-RPTPs regulate the binding affinity of these interactions. A set of intracellular presynaptic proteins is involved in common for Nrxn- and LAR-RPTP-mediated presynaptic assembly. PTPσ triggers glutamatergic and GABAergic postsynaptic differentiation in an alternative splicing-dependent manner, whereas Nrxn1α induces GABAergic postsynaptic differentiation in an alternative splicing-independent manner. Strikingly, Nrxn1α inhibits the glutamatergic postsynapse-inducing activity of PTPσ, suggesting that PTPσ and Nrxn1α might control recruitment of a different pool of postsynaptic machinery.Drosophilaorthologs of Nrxns and LAR-RPTPs mediate epistatic interactions in controlling synapse structure and strength at neuromuscular junctions, underscoring the physiological significancein vivo.
Identification of Escherichia coli Host Genes That Influence the Bacteriophage Lambda (λ) T4rII Exclusion (Rex) Phenotype
Authors: Alattas Hibah , Wong Shirley , Slavcev Roderick A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Despite its historic role in evolving our understanding of modern molecular genetics, the mechanism governing the bacteriophage T4rII exclusion (Rex) phenotype has remained a mystery for over six decades. The Rex system is thought.....
Phalaenopsis arunachalensis sp. nov. (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Aeridinae) A new epiphytic orchid from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India
Authors: Gogoi Khyanjeet , Rinya Koj 
Published: October 2020

A new epiphytic Phalaenopsis is described from tropical evergreen forests of Ziro Valley in Arunachal Pradesh, India, and illustrated with colored photos. It is allied to the similarly colored P. taenialis (Lindl.) Christenson & Pradhan in having non-deciduous leaves, larger perianth segments, the shorter and convex (not flat) lip mid-lobe, and the yellowish-green (not purplish) spur. The new species is morphologically most similar to P. honghenensis from China, but differs most easily by the light pinkish flowers versus bronzy green to brownish flowers of the latter species. A detailed description with corresponding color photos and information on the habitat is provided. The voucher specimens have been deposited at the Herbarium of the Orchid Research Centre Tippi, Arunachal Pradesh, and the Herbarium of The Orchid Society of Eastern Himalaya (TOSEHIM), Regional Orchid Germplasm Conservation and Propagation Centre (Assam Circle), Assam.
Key Words: Flora of India, new Phalaenopsis, Phalaenopsis honghenensis, Phalaenopsis subgen. Aphyllae, P. taenialis
Intelligence and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: De L. Ferreira Vanessa K. , Cruz Marcelo S. 
Published: October 2020

Background
The studies on intelligence in individuals with fetal alcohol exposure are conflicting. Some have found a relevant impairment in this population, while others found results that were consistent with the population at large.
Objectives
Describe the results of studies on intelligence in individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.
Methods
Indexed articles of the last 10 years were selected for an integrative literature review. After inclusion and
exclusion criteria were satisfied 37 articles were selected.
Results
General intelligence, both verbal and non-verbal, is impaired in people who are prenatally exposed to alcohol. There is a tendency to a greater reduction in the Freedom from Distractibility/Working Memory Index of Wechsler Scales.
Conclusions
Reduction in intelligence seems to occur on a continuum similar to the fetal alcohol spectrum. The reduction of the Freedom from Distractibility/Working Memory Index appears to be a reflection of a greater impairment of mathematical ability.
Determining proton pump inhibitor prescription dispensing patterns and adherence to STOPP criteria for Nova Scotia Seniors Pharmacare Program beneficiaries
Authors: H. Carter Jillian , S. Sketris Ingrid , Tamim Hala , Levy Adrian R. , Langley Joanne M. 
Published: October 2020

Background
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed potentially inappropriately. The screening tool of older person’s potentially inappropriate prescriptions (STOPP) for therapeutic dose PPIs has been adapted to examine PPI discontinuation, dose reduction, or switching to Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist (H2RA) after 60 days.

Objectives
The objectives of the present study were to (1) describe the use of acid suppression therapy (PPIs and H2RAs) 60 and 90 days after a new PPI dispensing, (2) assess predictors of lack of adherence to adapted STOPP criteria for PPI use, and (3) assess PPI dispensing over time.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of beneficiaries of the Nova Scotia Seniors Pharmacare (NSSP) aged 66 years or older who were newly dispensed a PPI between January 1, 1997 and March 31, 2011. The main outcome measure was adherence to the adapted STOPP criteria, which was analyzed using logistic regression.

Results
A total of 14,453 participants were included: 89.8% beginning on standard dose and 10.2% beginning on high dose PPI. Of those beginning on high-dose PPI, 26.4% were dispensed high-dose PPI at day 60 and 30.2% were dispensed high-dose PPI at day 90. Predictors of lack of adherence to our adapted STOPP criteria included age ≥86 years, rural residence, and hospitalization within 1 year prior to cohort entry.

Conclusions
Many PPI prescriptions dispensed for NSSP beneficiaries fail to adhere to the STOPP criteria. Predictors of lack of adherence to the adapted STOPP criteria were identified.
Rozeznawanie duchowe w kontekście Katolickiej Odnowy Charyzmatycznej
Authors: Płusa Sławomir 
Published: October 2020

Bóg od chwili stworzenia prowadzi dialog z człowiekiem. Przez grzech został on bardzo utrudniony. Dlatego słowa wypowiedziane przez ludzi w imieniu Boga podlegają duchowemu rozeznawaniu. Kościół jest zbudowany na fundamencie apostołów i proroków. Słowa wypływające z autentycznego natchnienia Bożego budują Kościół i przyczyniają się do pomnożenia pokoju oraz wzrostu w miłości. Istnieją jednak również fałszywe proroctwa. Rozeznawaniu duchowemu podlega nie tylko treść proroctw, lecz również osoba proroka. Liczy się zarówno ich zgodność z nauką Kościoła, jak również owoce, jakie rodzą one we wspólnocie, do której są skierowane. W sercu Katolickiej Odnowy Charyzmatycznej jest wsłuchiwanie się w słowa Boże, rozeznawanie ich i przekazywanie innym. Pierwszymi odpowiedzialnymi za ich duchowe rozeznawanie są odpowiedzialni za wspólnotę, a w sposób szczególny prezbiterzy i biskupi.
Modlitwa o dar rozeznawania woli Boga (Flp 1, 9–11)
Authors: Klich Anna Emanuela 
Published: October 2020

Celem tego artykułu było zbadanie, jak św. Paweł rozumie rozeznawanie woli Boga w życiu wierzących. Egzegeza modlitwy wstawienniczej apostoła zanoszonej do Boga za Filipian (1, 9–11) wskazuje na to, że rozeznawanie jest przede wszystkim darem, łaską Boga, o którą warto prosić dla siebie i dla innych, dla Kościoła.Apostoł Narodów podkreśla, że rozeznawanie łączy się ściśle ze wzrostem w miłości, ale też z otwieraniem się na poznanie objawiającego się Boga. Kluczową kwestią w rozeznawaniu – dla Pawła – jest odnajdywanie tego, co jest faktycznie wartościowe. Odczytując tę zasadę poprzez Rz 12, 2 można przyjąć, że chodzi o to, co dobre – w znaczeniu – pomocne do zbawienia, o to w czym Bóg ma upodobanie, czyli o czystość serca i całkowite ofiarowanie się Jemu oraz o to, co doskonałe, dojrzałe.Treść tej modlitwy wstawienniczej zdaje się uwrażliwiać wierzących na dzia-łającego Boga, od którego pochodzi dar miłości, rozpoznawania i wybierania tego, co sprawia, że podobieństwo wierzących do Chrystusa coraz wyraźniej się uwidacznia.