bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of the snake antenna array: Geometry optimization of a sinusoidal dipole antenna for 10.5T body imaging with lower peak SAR
Authors: Steensma Bart , van de Moortele Pierre‐Francois , Ertürk Arcan , Grant Andrea , Adriany Gregor , Luijten Peter , Klomp Dennis , van den Berg Nico , Metzger Gregory , Raaijmakers Alexander 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo improve imaging performance for body MRI with a local transmit array at 10.5T, the geometry of a dipole antenna was optimized to achieve lower peak specific absorption rate (SAR) levels and a more uniform transmit profile.MethodsElectromagnetic simulations on a phantom were used to evaluate the SAR and
‐performance of different dipole antenna geometries. The best performing antenna (the snake antenna) was simulated on human models in a 12‐channel array configuration for safety assessment and for comparison to a previous antenna design. This 12‐channel array was constructed after which electromagnetic simulations were validated by
‐maps and temperature measurements. After obtaining approval by the Food and Drug Administration to scan with the snake antenna array, in vivo imaging was performed on 2 volunteers.ResultsSimulation results on a phantom indicate a lower SAR and a higher transmit efficiency for the snake antenna compared to the fractionated dipole array. Similar results are found on a human body model: when comparing the trade‐off between uniformity and peak SAR, the snake antenna performs better for all imaging targets. Simulations and measurements are in good agreement. Preliminary imaging result were acquired in 2 volunteers with the 12‐channel snake antenna array.ConclusionBy optimizing the geometry of a dipole antenna, peak SAR levels were lowered while achieving a more uniform transmit field as demonstrated in simulations on a phantom and a human body model. The array was constructed, validated, and successfully used to image 2 individuals at 10.5T.
In situ decompression vs conservative treatment for mild ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Pompe Sander M. , Schreuder Tobien , Teunissen Laurien L. , Visser Leo H. , Beekman Roy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe best treatment strategy for mild ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is not known, due to lack of trials comparing surgery vs conservative treatment.MethodsWe recruited patients with clinical symptoms and signs of mild UNE and an electrophysiologically or sonographically confirmed diagnosis. Patients were randomly allocated to either in situ decompression or conservative treatment. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with subjective symptom improvement at short‐term (3 months) and long‐term (6‐12 months) follow‐up.ResultsOne hundred seventeen patients were included: 56 and 61 patients were allocated to surgery and conservative treatment, respectively. A larger proportion of surgically treated patients showed improvement at short‐term follow‐up (85% vs 50%; odds ratio, 5.6; P < .001), but no differences were observed at long‐term follow‐up.DiscussionIn situ decompression for mild UNE may result in faster relief of symptoms when compared with conservative treatment, but at long‐term follow‐up no differences were observed.
Trends and Effects of a Recreational Lake Sturgeon Fishery in the St. Clair System
Authors: Briggs Andrew S. , Hessenauer Jan-Michael , Thomas Michael V. , Utrup Brad E. , Wills Todd C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One frequently desired outcome of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens rehabilitation is to create a recreational fishery for the species. However, few waterbodies offer a recreational fishery where anglers can catch Lake Sturgeon regularly. Lake St. Clair and the St. Clair River (hereafter, “St. Clair system”) contain large, stable populations of Lake Sturgeon, and a recreational fishery allowing harvest has been present since 1950. Over the last several decades, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) has monitored the recreational Lake Sturgeon fishery in the St. Clair system by using numerous methods to assess angler participation, harvest rates, and population effects of the fishery. Lake Sturgeon anglers in the St. Clair system are predominantly male (89%) and largely reside in the three nearest counties (72%), although the geographic footprint of Lake Sturgeon anglers appears to be increasing. Estimates of angler abundance, trends in angler recapture of tagged Lake Sturgeon, sturgeon harvest data, and reported capture of MDNR “Master Angler”-sized Lake Sturgeon by anglers all indicated that angling effort in this Lake Sturgeon fishery has steadily increased since monitoring began. Despite increasing angler participation, the recreational fishery has had no detectable population-level effect on Lake Sturgeon in the St. Clair system. Harvest rates of tagged Lake Sturgeon are low, with most anglers practicing catch and release. Recapture rates of angler-caught fish in comparison to MDNR survey-caught fish suggested that hooking mortality is low. Additionally, apparent survival estimates of Lake Sturgeon have been constant. Information gained from monitoring the recreational Lake Sturgeon fishery in the St. Clair system will be valuable to managers assessing whether to establish a sturgeon fishery in other systems.
Parameter estimation in the Hermitian and skew‐Hermitian splitting method using gradient iterations
Authors: Zou Qinmeng , Magoulès Frédéric 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis article presents enhancement strategies for the Hermitian and skew‐Hermitian splitting method based on gradient iterations. The spectral properties are exploited for the parameter estimation, often resulting in a better convergence. In particular, steepest descent with early stopping can generate a rough estimate of the optimal upper bound. This is better than an arbitrary choice since the latter often causes stability problems or slow convergence. In addition, delayed gradient methods are considered as inner solvers for the splitting method. Experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed estimation strategies and show that delayed gradient methods are competitive with conjugate gradient in low precision.
Direct Relationship Between Metabolic Flexibility Measured During Glucose Clamp and Prolonged Fast in Men
Authors: Fernández‐Verdejo Rodrigo , Castro‐Sepulveda Mauricio , Gutiérrez‐Pino Juan , Malo‐Vintimilla Lorena , López‐Fuenzalida Antonio , Olmos Pablo , Santos José L. , Galgani José E. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the relationship between metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) measured during a euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp and a prolonged fast. This study also analyzed the association between MetFlex and metabolic health.MethodsEighteen healthy men (mean [SD]: 22 [2] years old; BMI: 22 [1] kg/m2) performed two sessions: (1) euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp (2 mIU/kg of insulin per minute) and (2) ~20‐hour fast. Clamp MetFlex corresponded to the change in (Δ) respiratory quotient (RQ) (ΔRQ = postchallenge RQ − prechallenge RQ) adjusted for M value and prechallenge RQ. Prolonged fast MetFlex corresponded to the ΔRQ adjusted for the Δβ‐hydroxybutyrate and prechallenge RQ.ResultsMetFlex during the clamp related directly with MetFlex during prolonged fast (r = 0.59, P = 0.014). Using the median of MetFlex for each challenge, this study split participants into high or low MetFlex. Participants with high or low MetFlex to both challenges were identified. Participants with high MetFlex had 3% lower serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol than participants with low MetFlex (P = 0.021).ConclusionsMeasuring MetFlex during a clamp or a prolonged fast produces similar results, despite challenging the oxidation of different substrates. An impaired MetFlex in response to these challenges may be an early event in the development of abnormal lipid metabolism.
Infinite horizon optimal control for mean‐field stochastic delay systems driven by Teugels martingales under partial information
Authors: Yang Bixuan , Wu Jinbiao 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn this article, we discuss an infinite horizon optimal control of the stochastic system with partial information, where the state is governed by a mean‐field stochastic differential delay equation driven by Teugels martingales associated with Lévy processes and an independent Brownian motion. First, we show the existence and uniqueness theorem for an infinite horizon mean‐field anticipated backward stochastic differential equation driven by Teugels martingales. Then applying different approaches for the underlying system, we establish two classes of stochastic maximum principles, which include two necessary conditions and two sufficient conditions for optimality, under a convex control domain. Moreover, compared with the finite horizon optimal control, we add the transversality conditions to the two kinds of stochastic maximum principles. Finally, using the stochastic maximum principle II, we settle an infinite horizon optimal consumption problem driven by Teugels martingales associated with Gamma processes.
Social‐emotional competence trajectories from a school‐based child trauma symptom intervention in a disadvantaged community
Authors: Hutchison Morica , Russell Beth S. , Wink Mackenzie N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChildhood exposure to traumatic experiences and subsequent psychological symptoms increase the risk for lifelong behavioral and mental health problems, including depression diagnoses, reduced adaptive coping strategies, substance abuse, and early death, with negative impacts on children's social development and academic achievement. Social‐emotional competence (SEC) is a key component of resilience to trauma exposure, and early deficits predict increased problem behaviors include delinquency and substance use. SEC is a protective factor that moderates the relationship between risks associated with trauma and subsequent outcomes. The current study used a longitudinal experimental design (treatment vs. comparison) to examine outcomes from a trauma‐informed initiative in a disadvantaged community with high trauma exposure rates for K‐8th grade students (n = 245). The intervention focused on bolstering children's social‐emotional skills and resilience while reducing trauma symptoms and improving academic performance through multimodal programming. Hierarchical Linear Modeling indicated significant improvements in SEC from the intervention group, in contrast to the comparison group (B = 3.42, t = 3.04, p < .01), with gender effects indicating females see the greatest benefit (B = 3.52, t = 4.27, p < .01). Results indicated the significance of addressing SEC for children in disadvantaged communities, particularly those indicating a trauma history and resulting symptomology, as well as boys, who indicated reduced treatment effects.
Registration of soybean germplasm lines R10‐2436 and R10‐2710 with drought tolerance traits and high yield under moderate water stress
Authors: Manjarrez‐Sandoval Pedro , Chen Pengyin , Mozzoni Leandro , Florez‐Palacios Liliana , Orazaly Moldir , Wu Chengjun , Sinclair Thomas R. , Carter Thomas E. , Purcell Larry C. , King C. Andy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines R10‐2436 (Reg. no. GP‐439, PI 692971) and R10‐2710 (Reg. no. GP‐440, PI 692972) are high‐yielding and drought‐tolerant conventional germplasm released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in February 2017. R10‐2436 and R10‐2710 have a relative maturity of 5.6 and 5.8, respectively. R10‐2436 is an F4–derived line from the cross R01‐52F × R02‐6268F, and R10‐2710 is an F2–derived line from R01‐52F × ‘USDA‐N7002’. In 6 yr of testing, R10‐2436 and R10‐2710 significantly outyielded the maturity group 5 check mean under moderate water‐deficit stress in Stuttgart, AR (2,893, 2,889, and 2,506 kg ha−1, respectively) and were on a par with the checks under full irrigation in Stuttgart (4,644, 4,511, and 4,613 kg ha−1, respectively) and in five additional irrigated Arkansas environments. The water‐deficit treatment consisted of normal irrigation until blooming, after which irrigation was suspended for the rest of the season. In greenhouse pot studies, both releases exhibited sustained nitrogen fixation during a dry‐down cycle. This trait was presumably inherited from their ancestor ‘Jackson’. R10‐2436 also exhibited slow wilting in multiple drought‐stressed environments in Arkansas and North Carolina, likely inherited from PI 416937. Because of their yield potential under drought and irrigation, as well as their good agronomic characteristics, R10‐2436 and R10‐2710 can be easily incorporated in applied breeding programs to transfer drought tolerance into elite high‐yielding cultivars.
Theoretical investigation of excited state charge and proton transfer mechanism for the novel 10‐methyl‐indolo[2,3‐a]‐indolo[2,3‐a′]acridone molecule
Authors: Yang Guang , Chen Kaifeng , Jin Xiaofeng , Yang Dapeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel acridone derivative, 10‐methyl‐indolo[2,3‐a]‐indolo[2,3‐a′]acridone (13), was reported by Fang and coworkers [J. Org. Chem. 2019, 84, 3832] in a previous paper. Spectroscopic studies on excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 13 were mentioned, while the mechanism of ESIPT for 13 is deficiency. In this present work, based on the time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), we investigated the ESIPT mechanism of 13 theoretically. The primary bond lengths, bond angles and the infrared (IR) vibrational spectra involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds verified that the intramolecular hydrogen bond should be strengthened, which manifests the tendency of excited state proton transfer. The redistribution of charge resulting from photoexcitation process reveals the driving force for ESIPT process. According to the results of theoretical potential energy curves along N‐H coordinate, an about 14.825 kcal/mol barrier has been found in the S0 state. However, a low barrier of 6.708 kcal/mol was calculated in the S1 state, which demonstrates that the proton transfer process is more likely to occur in the excited state. In other words, the proton transfer was facilitated by photoexcitation. Particularly, the study about ESIPT mechanism of 13 should be helpful for further understanding property of acridone derivatives.
Lewis acids and bases as molecular dopants for organic semiconductors
Authors: Bridges Colin R. , Baumgartner Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractControlling the concentration of charge carriers (mobile electrons and holes) in organic semiconductors is vital to precisely controlling their electronic properties. Significant efforts have gone into understanding how molecular dopants induce charge carriers in organic semiconductors. The most widely used doping mechanisms occur via electron transfer (i.e., oxidation or reduction of the semiconductor) or via reaction with a strong Brønsted acid. Recently, strong Lewis acids have been observed to induce p‐type charge carriers in organic semiconductors with greater efficiency than classical dopants. The mechanism of Lewis‐acid doping could not easily be unified with either classical doping methods and has been under intense scrutiny over the past 5 years. Very recently, the Lewis‐acid doping effects have been shown to be due to water impurities in commercial Lewis acids forming strong Brønsted acids. This means that many studies on doping using Lewis acids may be occurring via a Brønsted‐acid doping mechanism. This recent revelation explains some observations in literature, but not all, and there are still unanswered questions. The nature of the Lewis acid and organic semiconductor can significantly impact the doping mechanism and the doping efficiency. Additionally, strong evidence for alternative doping mechanisms using Lewis acids not involving water has been shown. Lewis‐acid doping has mostly been studied as a p‐type dopant method on Lewis‐basic polymers. There is growing literature showing Lewis bases can also act as n‐type dopants, excluding Brønsted‐acid doping as a possible mechanism. In this tutorial review, we will present a brief overview on molecular doping of organic semiconductors, survey the literature on p‐type and n‐type Lewis doping, outline several proposed mechanisms, and speculate on some possible mechanisms using literature observations.
Trifluoromethyloxadiazoles: inhibitors of histone deacetylases for control of Asian soybean rust
Authors: Winter Christian , Fehr Marcus , Craig Ian R , Grammenos Wassilios , Wiebe Christine , Terteryan‐Seiser Violeta , Rudolf Georg , Mentzel Tobias , Quintero Palomar Maria Angelica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrifluoromethyloxadiazoles (TFMOs) are selective inhibitors of class II histone deacetylases (HDACs). To date, class II HDACs have not been addressed as target enzymes by commercial fungicides.RESULTSAntifungal testing of a broad variety of TFMOs against several important plant pathogens showed activity against only rusts, and especially Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the cause of Asian soybean rust. A structure–activity relationship was established, leading to highly active fungicides that inhibit fungal class II and HOS3‐type HDACs of Aspergillus nidulans. Studies of the enzyme–inhibitor binding mode using protein structural information based on the crystal structure of human HDAC4 argue that TFMOs inhibit these enzymes only after undergoing hydration.CONCLUSIONFungal class II HDACs are potential target enzymes for the control of at least some biotrophic crop diseases, in particular Asian soybean rust. As with any novel mode‐of‐action, class II HDAC fungicides would offer the potential to control fungal isolates that show reduced sensitivity toward existing commercial fungicides.
Drainage of middle lobe vein into anomalous right lower lobe vein: management during thoracoscopic lobectomy
Authors: Amore Dario , Saglia Alessandro , Casazza Dino , Valente Tullio , Imitazione Pasquale , Curcio Carlo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVariations in pulmonary venous anatomy should not be underestimated by thoracic surgeons prior to or during major lung resections in order to avoid serious surgical complications. Here, we report a case of middle lobe vein draining into a right inferior lobar vein formed by two anomalous trunks lying on the superior surface of the common basal bronchus: in such instance, to avoid compromising the middle lobe vein drainage during a thoracoscopic right lower lobectomy, the two main tributaries of the lower lobe vein were individually identified and dissected peripherally from the anterior aspect after division of the major fissure. A careful hilar dissection and a precise surgical strategy can help surgeons perform correct procedures in presence of pulmonary vascular anomalies.
Characterizing soil piping networks in loess‐derived soils using ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Got J.‐B. , Bielders C. L. , Lambot S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoil piping remains a relatively unexplored phenomenon despite its substantial impacts on water and sediment transfer at the watershed scale at numerous locations around the world. One of the main limitations regarding the study of this singular process is the characterization of the pipe networks (in terms of number, position, dimensions, and connectivity of pipes). In this context, noninvasive subsurface imaging using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) has proven to be a promising technique. This study used two three‐dimensional (3D), high‐resolution GPR surveys performed in loess‐derived soils to characterize small pipe networks with little prior information about their location. The adopted methodology relies on high spatial resolution scanning, 3D subsurface imaging, and automated detection of reflection hyperbolas using a 200‐MHz center‐frequency antenna. Two small watersheds affected by piping were investigated at Sippenaeken and Kluisbergen (Belgium). Over the two scanned zones, results revealed significant subsurface continuous patterns. Even though the most obvious patterns corresponded to recent or past anthropic activities (e.g., artificial drainage pipes), validation tests confirmed that the chosen methodology can be used for pipe network characterization because some important continuity patterns were related to soil piping: for instance, a fairly small pipe (approximately 10–15 cm in diameter) was detected and validated for more than 100 m. Nevertheless, the high variability in size, depth, and orientation of the pipes imply that GPR may only be truly efficient when using very high spatial resolution scanning, which limits its application to specific conditions not always met in piped areas.
Supporting champions in river management
Authors: Mould Simon , Fryirs Kirstie , Lovett Siwan , Howitt Richard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRiver champions are people working for better water and river management in a range of capacities, and who are particularly influential and effective in driving progress. The championship concept is not new, but tends to emphasize the bold and highly visible leader. This archetypal champion is at odds with the more humble and quieter forms of leadership that we frequently encounter in our work and communities. These less‐visible champions are in danger of being overlooked. A more inclusive characterization of championship can enrich existing conceptualizations. We argue that many river champions lead quietly and are effective because they build and use social capital to influence others. They are well‐connected and can help to bridge scales of management. We advocate that championship must be recognized and supported within and beyond institutions. This can be enacted by rewarding people for their time in ways that are meaningful and appropriate (i.e., not only financially) and by prioritizing connection between people. We offer specific examples of how this can be done in a river management setting. By recognizing and supporting river champions in all their forms, we can maximize their value as a critical component of participatory water and river management systems.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness.
Engineering Water > Planning Water.
Human Water > Water Governance.
6D (1,1) gauged supergravities from orientifold compactifications
Authors: Dibitetto Giuseppe , Fernández-Melgarejo Jose J. , Nozawa Masato 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study dimensional reductions of M-theory/type II strings down to 6D in the presence of fluxes and spacetime filling branes and orientifold planes of different types. We classify all inequivalent orientifold projections giving rise to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) supergravities in 6D and work out the embedding tensor/fluxes dictionary for each of those. Finally we analyze the set of vacua for the different classes of reductions and find an abundance of “no-scale” type Minkowski vacua, as well as a few novel examples of (A)dS extrema.