Average beta burst duration profiles provide a signature of dynamical changes between the ON and OFF medication states in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Duchet Benoit , Ghezzi Filippo , Weerasinghe Gihan , Tinkhauser Gerd , Kühn Andrea A. , Brown Peter , Bick Christian , Bogacz Rafal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease motor symptoms are associated with an increase in subthalamic nucleus beta band oscillatory power. However, these oscillations are phasic, and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that beta burst duration may be of critical importance to motor symptoms. This makes insights into the dynamics of beta bursting generation valuable, in particular to refine closed-loop deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we ask the question “Can average burst duration reveal how dynamics change between the ON and OFF medication states?”. Our analysis of local field potentials from the subthalamic nucleus demonstrates using linear surrogates that the system generating beta oscillations is more likely to act in a non-linear regime OFF medication and that the change in a non-linearity measure is correlated with motor impairment. In addition, we pinpoint the simplest dynamical changes that could be responsible for changes in the temporal patterning of beta oscillations between medication states by fitting to data biologically inspired models, and simpler beta envelope models. Finally, we show that the non-linearity can be directly extracted from average burst duration profiles under the assumption of constant noise in envelope models. This reveals that average burst duration profiles provide a window into burst dynamics, which may underlie the success of burst duration as a biomarker. In summary, we demonstrate a relationship between average burst duration profiles, dynamics of the system generating beta oscillations, and motor impairment, which puts us in a better position to understand the pathology and improve therapies such as deep brain stimulation.Author summaryIn Parkinson’s disease, motor impairment is associated with abnormal oscillatory activity of neurons in deep motor regions of the brain. These oscillations come in the shape of bursts, and the duration of these bursts has recently been shown to be of importance to motor symptoms. To better understand the disease and refine therapies, we relate the duration of these bursts to properties of the system generating them in the pathological state and in a proxy of the healthy state. The data suggest that the system generating bursts involves more complexity in the pathological state, and we show that a measure of this complexity is associated with motor impairment. We propose biologically inspired models and simpler models that can generate the burst patterns observed in the pathological and healthy state. The models confirm what was observed in data, and tell us how burst generation mechanisms could differ in the disease. Finally, we identify a mathematical link allowing us to infer properties of the burst generating system from burst duration measurements in patient recordings. This sheds some light on the significance of burst duration as a marker of pathology.