bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Urine Reagent Strips in CSF Analysis as An Aid to Rapid Diagnosis of Meningitis
Authors: R Abhirami Ganesh , H Prabhu M 
Published: November 2020

Background: Bacterial Meningitis is a medical emergency and timely intervention has an implication on the prognosis and outcome. Examination of the CSF for leucocytes, glucose and proteins are the cornerstones in the diagnosis of meningitis in general and to arrive at the cause. Hence, this study is done to evaluate the usefulness of urinary reagent strip for rapid diagnosis of meningitis.

Methods: This is a prospective single blinded study on 100 CSF samples subjected to index test (Urine reagent strip test-Dirui H10) and definitive test comprised of CSF microscopy and biochemical analysis for proteins and sugar. The diagnostic accuracy of each index test at different cut off levels tabulated in the form of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV.

Result: The sensitivity and specificity for leukocytes by the strip method for ≥15 cells/cumm were 92% and 98.66%, and for protein levels >30 mg/dl were 84.33% and 94.11% respectively. The test showed high specificity (100%) but less sensitivity for glucose <50mg/dl. It was observed that the accuracy of the tests increased with increase in the values of cell counts and proteins and decrease in sugar reaching 100% accuracy for higher cut-offs.

Conclusion: Urine reagent strip can be utilized for the rapid analysis of CSF in both rural areas as well as in centres where the facility is available as it reduces turnaround time.
Establishing the P-T path of UHT granulites by geochemically distinguishing peritectic from retrograde garnet
Authors: Jiao Shujuan , Evans Noreen J. , Guo Jinghui , Fitzsimons Ian C. W. , Zi Jian-Wei , McDonald Bradley J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The P-T evolution (and particularly the prograde path segment) of ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulites is commonly ambiguous, hampering our understanding of deep crustal processes. Here, we establish the P-T path by distinguishing garnet origin (peritectic or retrograde) based on the combined Ca, Ti, Zr, and Y+REE chemical signatures, using the residual UHT granulites of the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton, as a test case. In these rocks, peritectic garnet is characterized by rare inclusions, whereas retrograde garnet has overprinted the main foliation and is characterized by abundant biotite and sillimanite inclusions, which are interpreted to have grown together with retrograde garnet during cooling. Zirconium in peritectic garnet increases from 10 to 50 ppm with garnet growth. In contrast, Zr in retrograde garnet generally decreases from 60 to 10 ppm with garnet growth. A similar trend is observed for Ti. Temperatures calculated from the Ti-in-garnet geothermometer increase from 830 to 980 °C based on Ti in peritectic garnet, indicating prograde partial melting, whereas decrease from 900 to 700 °C based on Ti in retrograde garnet, indicating post-peak cooling. Peritectic and retrograde garnets show distinct Eu/Eu* (0.2–0.5 vs. 0.05–0.2, respectively) and Ca contents (6000–12 000 vs. 4000–6000 ppm, respectively), which generally decrease with progressive garnet crystallization. The pressures calculated from the Ca-in-garnet geobarometer in peritectic and retrograde garnet are 9–11 and 7–9 kbar, respectively. Peritectic garnet shows a bell-shaped Y (80–340 ppm) pattern, whereas retrograde garnet shows an increase in Y content (20–100 ppm) toward rims. Taken together, these results establish a P-T path comprised of an earlier high-pressure peritectic garnet formation during prograde partial melting before the UHT peak and a late abundant retrograde formation during post-peak cooling stage. We conclude that change of Zr and other elements (e.g., Ti, Ca, Y, and Eu/Eu*) can well distinguish different garnet formation events in UHT granulites, which is critical for the P-T path establishment, and further sheds light on the cause of UHT metamorphism and the geodynamic evolution.
Projection of important climate variables in large cities under the CMIP5–RCP scenarios using SDSM and fuzzy downscaling models
Authors: Shakeri Hossein , Motiee Homayoun , McBean Edward 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate change impacts are among the many challenges facing management of large cities. This study assesses the important climate variables under climate change impacts in Tehran, Iran, for 2021–2040. Eight Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5) models under the scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6 (RCP2.6), RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 were used, and seven climate variables were projected utilizing the Fuzzy DownScaling Model (FDSM) and the Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM). The FDSM and SDSM results underline the high performance of both models and the important capability of the FDSM, showing the increasing trend of annual changes in mean temperature (Tmean) and maximum temperature (Tmax), precipitation, and the mean wind speed (Wmean). The maximum increase of annual average in Tmean and Tmax and the Wmean among all scenarios will be in the order of 1.29 °C, 1.57 °C, and 0.8 m/s (for RCP8.5), and also the maximum increases of annual average precipitation will be 10 mm (for RCP2.6). Furthermore, the monthly long-term averages of Tmean and Tmax in all three scenarios show significant increases in summer. For precipitation, relative stability in summer, and increases in winter and early spring are predicted, but the changes in minimum temperature, relative humidity, and sunshine hours indicate relative stability.
Laboratory efficacy of surface disinfection using chlorine against Vibrio cholerae
Authors: String Gabrielle M. , Gutiérrez Eduardo Vargas , Lantagne Daniele S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Disinfecting surfaces with chlorine is commonly conducted in cholera outbreaks to prevent ongoing fomite-based transmission, yet evidence gaps have led to contradictory guidance. In this study, we tested the efficacy of spraying and wiping chlorine on five representatives non-porous and five porous surfaces to remove Vibrio cholerae. In total, 120 disinfection tests were run in replicate on carriers inoculated with 1.02 × 107–1.73 × 108V. cholerae CFU/cm2. Surfaces disinfected by spraying 0.2% chlorine had &gt;3 log reduction value (LRV) on 7/10 and 9/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively; and 2.0% chlorine on 9/10 and 10/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively. Surfaces disinfected by wiping 0.2% chlorine had &gt;3 LRV on 3/10 and 7/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively; and 2.0% chlorine on 8/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min. We found no significant differences between chlorine types (p &lt; 0.05), higher reductions with spraying compared to wiping (p = 0.001), and lower reductions on porous compared to non-porous surfaces (p = 0.006 spraying and p &lt; 0.001 wiping). Our results support using 0.2% chlorine sprayed on all surfaces, or wiped on most non-heavily soiled surfaces, and a 2.0% concentration on contaminated porous surfaces; and emphasize surfaces must be visibly wetted to achieve disinfection.
Isolation and identification of free-living amoebae isolated from well water in Istanbul
Authors: Üstüntürk-Onan Miray 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protozoa commonly found in water and soil environments. FLA belonging to various genera, including Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, Naegleria, and Vermamoeba, can cause opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections in humans and animals such as keratitis or meningoencephalitis. In addition, some of them serve as hosts for a large number of pathogenic bacteria, yeasts, and viruses. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence and molecular characterization of FLA in well water samples in İstanbul. Ten well water samples were collected from the taps and the presence of FLA was monitored both by the culture and polymerase chain reaction methods. FLA were isolated in 8 out of the 10 samples (80%) included in this study. Morphological analysis and partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA revealed the presence of Acanthamoeba genotypes T3 and T4, and Vermamoeba vermiformis in the investigated well water samples. This study reports for the first time the detection of Acanthamoeba genotype T3 in well water samples in İstanbul. The presence of potentially pathogenic amoebae in habitats related to human activities supports the relevance of FLA as a potential public health concern.
An analysis of the influences of groundwater level changes on the frost heave and mechanical properties of trapezoidal channels
Authors: Guo Fuqiang , Li Gangtie , Cheng Manjin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this research study, platforms with different heights were established for the purpose of simulating the different groundwater level conditions. Combined with the prototype channel, the influences of the groundwater level changes on the frost heave deformations in the foundation soil and on the frost heave force of the channel, as well as on the bending moment of the channel section and water content migration of the foundation soil, were studied by the method of mechanical analysis. The research results show that, after a comparative analysis of the ground temperatures in the same layer had been completed, the difference value was found to have been less than 5%. The frost heave of the foundation soil had decreased by 0.15 cm for every 1 cm reduction in the groundwater level. In addition, the maximum frost heave force of the channel was shown to have varied with the change of groundwater level. This study's theoretical calculations determined that the most unsafe groundwater level of a typical channel was 2.61 m. It was concluded that the increase of groundwater level can reduce the amount of soil moisture transfer, while the influence of groundwater level on frost heave of foundation soil can be effectively reduced by laying polystyrene boards.
Reducing water withdrawals: the negotiation and implementation of environmental policy in the Durance River Basin, France
Authors: Laurenceau Martin , Molle François , Grau Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany parts of Europe are facing an increased risk of water scarcity and a potentially disastrous impact on freshwater ecosystems. In line with the Water Framework Directive and the 2006 Water Act, France developed the Sustainable Withdrawals Reform (SWR) in 2008, which aimed to restore a balance between the available water resources and people's needs across the country by 2017. While the literature has generally focused on the economics of e-flow policy instruments, few studies have analysed the politics of their implementation at the local level or how local interests and strategies influence the process. Inspired by the political sociology of policy instruments, and based on in-depth case studies in two catchments of the Durance River Basin (in southeast France), we argue that in order to achieve e-flows in such catchments, the SWR eventually encouraged new capital-intensive water transfers. Beyond their technical aspects, these infrastructure projects engender new hydro-social configurations by modifying irrigation technology and agricultural practices, as well as the spatial control of water. The impact of these projects on the environment remains uncertain. The discussion focuses on the role of key intermediaries and shows how the framing of negotiations leads certain stakeholders and issues to be excluded from the implementation process.
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism: Management of Infertility
Authors: Kalkanli Arif , Akdere Hakan , Cevik Gökhan , Salabas Emre , Cilesiz Nusret Can , Kadioglu Ateş 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Medical treatments are used either alone or in combination with assisted reproductive
techniques for the treatment of infertile patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. A wide range of treatment
options such as gonadotropins, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
and their combination are available as options.

Objective:
The aim of this review was to evaluate treatment options for the infertile men with hypergonadotropic
hypogonadism.

Methods:
A literature search of MEDLINE (1980-2019) was conducted using the terms ‘hypogonadism’, ‘male
infertility’, ‘gonadotropins’, ‘SERMs’ and ‘AIs’. Pathologies leading to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and
treatment modalities such as gonadotropins, SERMs, AIs and surgical treatment were discussed.

Results:
FSH increases spontaneous pregnancy rates but the level of evidence was proven to be low for live birth
rates. AIs are valid treatment options for patients with low T/E2 ratio as they significantly increase sperm concentrations.
SERMs are recommended for infertile males with a sperm concentration between 10-20 million.
Varicocele was reported to increase testosterone levels of hypogonadic infertile males.

Conclusion:
Medical treatment modalities such as gonadotropins, SERMs, AIs and a combination of these therapies
has been showed to have some effect in improvement of fertility but is not mainstream of the treatment.
Extremal (n,m)-Graphs w.r.t General Multiplicative Zagreb Indices
Authors: Javed Aisha , Jamil Muhammad Kamran , Liu Jia-Bao , Ali Akbar 
Published: November 2020

Background::
A topological index of a molecular graph is the numeric quantity which can predict certain physical
and chemical properties of the corresponding molecule. Xu et al. introduced some graph transformations which increase or
decrease the first and second multiplicative Zagreb indices and proposed a unified approach to characterize extremal (n, m)-
graphs.

Method::
Graph transformations are used to find the extremal graphs, these transformations either increase or decrease the
general multiplicative Zagreb indices. By applying the transformations which increase the general multiplicative Zagreb indices
we find the graphs with maximal general multiplicative Zagreb indices and for minimal general Zagreb indices we use
the transformations which decrease the index.

Result::
In this paper, we extend the Xu’s results and show that the same graph transformations increase or decrease the first
and second general multiplicative Zagreb indices for . As an application, the extremal acyclic, unicyclic and
bicyclic graphs are presented for general multiplicative Zagreb indices.

Conclusion::
By applying the transformation we investigated that in the class of acyclic, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs,
which graph gives the minimum and the maximum general multiplicative Zagreb indices.
The Efficacy of a Group-Based Exercise Program for Postmenopausal Women: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Barnett Fiona , Sealey Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Exercise has many physiological and psychosocial benefits for postmenopausal
women. Previous research has shown that sedentary postmenopausal women of North
Queensland perceive a number of barriers to exercise; however, when they are given the right opportunity,
they perceive it as a positive experience.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine whether an 8-week aerobic and resistance group-based
exercise intervention had an effect on the physiological and psychosocial health of postmenopausal
women living in North Queensland. A secondary aim was to explore the participatory experiences
of women.

Methods:
A total of thirty-three postmenopausal women volunteered for the intervention, which
consisted of group-based circuit style sessions three times per week, incorporating aerobic and resistance
exercises. Primary outcome measures included blood pressure, blood lipids, body mass
index and waist-to-hip ratio, cardiorespiratory fitness, peripheral bone density, and strength. Secondary
measures included exercise self-efficacy and menopausal quality of life using the Menopause-
Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL). Focus groups were conducted post-intervention
to discuss participants’ exercise experiences.

Results:
A total of twenty-six women completed the eight-week program. Significant increases
were found in cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.00), upper body strength (p=0.00), lower body strength
(p=0.00), exercise self-efficacy (p=0.00), and the MENQOL psychosocial (p=0.01), physical
(p=0.00) and sexual (p=0.01) domains. Waist girth (p=0.01) and triglycerides (p=0.02) were significantly
decreased. Participants also reported that they had more motivation and confidence, increased
strength, and improved functional activities, and also experienced the disappearance of pain
and positive feelings from the intervention. Participants mostly enjoyed the social effect, the lack of
feeling self-conscious, the friendly competitiveness, and the facilitator.

Conclusion:
An 8-week group-based exercise intervention can improve the physiological and psychosocial
health of postmenopausal women. Sedentary postmenopausal women can have a positive
exercise experience, which may increase the likelihood of future exercise participation.
Sensor Reliability Evaluation Index System for Main Equipment of Power Distribution IoT
Authors: Li Lisheng , Li Yuancheng , You Xinhong , Su Guoqiang , Li Shuai , Yang Rongyan 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Power distribution Internet of Things is a smart service system in which
traditional distribution networks comprehensively apply modern computing technologies, such as
cloud computing, mobile Internet of Things, and big data to realize the interconnection of all things
in the power system and human-computer interaction. In the power distribution Internet of Things,
there are many types of main power distribution equipment, and each type of power distribution
equipment is connected with multiple sensor devices. These sensor devices play an important role
in the smooth operation of the power distribution Internet of Things, so it is necessary to build a reliability
evaluation system for these sensor devices.

Objectives:
The objective was to evaluate the reliability of the sensor device connected to the main
equipment in the power distribution Internet of Things.

Methods:
Firstly, the G1-CV method (entropy weight method-coefficient of variation method) is
used to construct the initial evaluation index system, and the comprehensive weight of each index
is determined and ranked. Then the improved TriMap algorithm (ITriMap) is used to reduce the
high-dimensional complex index system.

Results:
Simulation verification results show that the algorithm has a smaller reconstruction error
than traditional dimensionality reduction algorithms such as t-SNE, Largr-Vias, UMAP, etc. The
reduced index can scientifically and objectively measure the main equipment sensors of the power
distribution network.

Conclusion:
An index reduction method based on the ITriMap algorithm is proposed to evaluate
the reliability of sensors. Experimental results show that this algorithm greatly reduces the reconstruction
error compared to other traditional methods.

Discussion:
In the future, on the basis of this article, we intend to construct a sensor reliability
evaluation model for the main equipment of the power distribution Internet of Things using the 5-
dimensional features after dimensionality reduction as input.
Pengaruh program motor cognitive coordination training terhadap gross motor skill dan working memory dalam pendidikan jasmani
Authors: Setiawan Lili , Hendrayana Yudy , Mahendra Agus 
Published: November 2020

AbstrakMotor cognitive coordination training merupakan sebuah konsep latihan multimodel yang mengkombinasikan aktivitas fisik dengan stimulasi kognitif. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh motor cognitive coordination training terhadap gross motor skill dan working memory dalam pendidikan jasmani di sekolah dasar. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SD Negeri Leles I (kelompok control) dan SD Negeri Leles III (kelompok treatment) yang terlibat aktif dalam aktivitas pembelajaran akademis pada anak usia 9-10 tahun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelatian ini adalah the matching only-pretest-posttest control group design. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu test gross motor development (TGMD-3) untuk mengukur 13 keterampilan motorik mendasar, dibagi lagi menjadi dua sub-skala yaitu Keterampilan Lokomotor dan Object Control. Sedangkan Digit Span Test untuk mengukur daya ingat (working memory). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengaruh motor cognitive coordination training dalam program aktivitas pendidikan jasmani lebih baik dibandingkan program aktivitas pendidikan jasmani terhadap peningkatan gross motor skill dan working memory siswa di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan program gerak yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif dan motorik anak, salah satunya dengan menerapkan program motor cognitive coordination training. The influence of motor cognitive coordination training program on gross motor skill and working memory of physical educationMotor cognitive coordination training is a multimodel exercise concept that combines physical activity with cognitive stimulation. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an influence from the motor cognitive coordination training program on gross motor skill and working memory of physical education in elementary school. The sample in this study were students of Leles I Elementary School (control group) and Leles III Elementary School (treatment group) who were actively involved in academic learning activities in children aged 9-10 years. This research uses the matching only-pretest- posttest control group design as a method and uses of instrument like test gross motor development (TGMD-3) to measure 13 basic motor skills, subdivided into two subscales namely Locomotor Skills and Object Control. While Digit Span Test to measure memory (working memory). The results showed the effect of motor coordination on cognitive training in physical education activity programs is better than physical education activity programs against increasing gross motor skills and working memory of students in elementary school. This research explains the important of program which can increase cognitive and motoric skill of students, like apply motor cognitive coordination program.