bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motorcycle-related trauma:effects of age and site of injuries on mortality. A single-center, retrospective study.
Authors: Granieri Stefano S. , Reitano Elisa E. , Bindi Francesca F. , Renzi Federica F. , Sammartano Fabrizio F. , Cimbanassi Stefania S. , Gupta Shailvi S. , Chiara Osvaldo O. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Motorcyclists are often victims of road traffic incidents. Though elderly patients seem to have worse survival outcomes and sustain more severe injuries than younger patients, concordance in the literature for this does not exist. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of age and injury severity on the mortality of patients undergoing motorcycle trauma.

Methods
Data of 1725 patients consecutively admitted to our Trauma Center were selected from 2002 to 2016 and retrospectively analyzed. The sample was divided into three age groups: ≤ 17 years, 18–54 years, and ≥ 55 years. Mortality rates were analyzed for the overall population and patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 25. Differences in survival among age groups were evaluated with log-rank test, and multivariate logistic regression models were created to identify independent predictors of mortality.

Results
A lower survival rate was detected in patients older than 55 years (83.6% vs 94.7%, p = 0.049) and in those sustaining critical injuries (ISS ≥ 25, 61% vs 83%, p = 0.021). Age (p = 0.027, OR 1.03), ISS (p < 0.001, OR 1.09), and Revised Trauma Score (RTS) (p < 0.001, OR 0.47) resulted as independent predictors of death. Multivariate analysis identified head (p < 0.001, OR 2.04), chest (p < 0.001, OR 1.54), abdominal (p < 0.001, OR 1.37), and pelvic (p = 0.014, OR 1.26) injuries as independent risk factors related to mortality as well. Compared to the theoretical probability of survival, patients of all age groups showed a survival advantage when managed at a level I trauma center.

Conclusions
We detected anatomical injury distributions and mortality rates among three age groups. Patients aging more than 55 years had an increased risk of death, with a prevalence of severe chest injuries, while younger patients sustained more severe head trauma. Age represented an independent predictor of death. Management of these patients at a level I trauma center may lead to improved outcomes.
The SIFIPAC/WSES/SICG/SIMEU guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis in the elderly (2019 edition)
Authors: Fugazzola Paola , Ceresoli Marco , Agnoletti Vanni , Agresta Ferdinando , Amato Bruno , Carcoforo Paolo , Catena Fausto , Chiara Osvaldo , Chiarugi Massimo , Cobianchi Lorenzo , Coccolini Federico , De Troia Alessandro , Di Saverio Salomone , Fabbri Andrea , Feo Carlo , Gabrielli Francesco , Gurrado Angela , Guttadauro Angelo , Leone Leonardo , Marrelli Daniele , Petruzzelli Luca , Portolani Nazario , Prete Francesco Paolo , Puzziello Alessandro , Sartelli Massimo , Soliani Giorgio , Testini Mario , Tolone Salvatore , Tomasoni Matteo , Tugnoli Gregorio , Viale Pierluigi , Zese Monica , Ishay Offir Ben , Kluger Yoram , Kirkpatrick Andrew , Ansaloni Luca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe epidemiology and the outcomes of acute appendicitis in elderly patients are very different from the younger population. Elderly patients with acute appendicitis showed higher mortality, higher perforation rate, lower diagnostic accuracy, longer delay from symptoms onset and admission, higher postoperative complication rate and higher risk of colonic and appendiceal cancer. The aim of the present work was to investigate age-related factors that could influence a different approach, compared to the 2016 WSES Jerusalem guidelines on general population, in terms of diagnosis and management of elderly patient with acute appendicitis. During the XXIX National Congress of the Italian Society of Surgical Pathophysiology (SIFIPAC) held in Cesena (Italy) in May 2019, in collaboration with the Italian Society of Geriatric Surgery (SICG), the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and the Italian Society of Emergency Medicine (SIMEU), a panel of experts participated to a Consensus Conference where eight panelists presented a number of statements, which were developed for each of the four topics about diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in elderly patients, formulated according to the GRADE system. The statements were then voted, eventually modified and finally approved by the participants to the Consensus Conference. The current paper is reporting the definitive guidelines statements on each of the following topics: diagnosis, non-operative management, operative management and antibiotic therapy.
The origin and development of subcortical U-fibers in gyrencephalic ferrets
Authors: Yoshino Mayuko , Saito Kengo , Kawasaki Kanji , Horiike Toshihide , Shinmyo Yohei , Kawasaki Hiroshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the white matter of the human cerebrum, the majority of cortico-cortical fibers are of short range, connecting neighboring cortical areas. U-fibers represent connections between neighboring areas and are located in the white matter immediately deep to the cerebral cortex. Using gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets, here we investigated the neurochemical, anatomical and developmental features of U-fibers. We demonstrate that U-fibers were derived from neighboring cortical areas in ferrets. U-fiber regions in ferrets were intensely stained with Gallyas myelin staining and Turnbull blue iron staining. We further found that U-fibers were derived from neurons in both upper and lower layers in neighboring areas of the cerebral cortex and that U-fibers were formed later than axons in the deep white matter during development. Our findings shed light on the fundamental features of U-fibers in the gyrencephalic cerebral cortex. Because genetic manipulation techniques for ferrets are now available, ferrets should be an important option for investigating the development, functions and pathophysiological changes of U-fibers.
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins regulate melanocyte differentiation
Authors: Trivedi Archit , Mehrotra Aanchal , Baum Caitlin E. , Lewis Brandon , Basuroy Tupa , Blomquist Thomas , Trumbly Robert , Filipp Fabian V. , Setaluri Vijayasaradhi , de la Serna Ivana L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPharmacologic inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins is currently being explored as a new therapeutic approach in cancer. Some studies have also implicated BET proteins as regulators of cell identity and differentiation through their interactions with lineage-specific factors. However, the role of BET proteins has not yet been investigated in melanocyte differentiation. Melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF) is the master regulator of melanocyte differentiation, essential for pigmentation and melanocyte survival. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BET proteins regulate melanocyte differentiation through interactions with MITF.ResultsHere we show that chemical inhibition of BET proteins prevents differentiation of unpigmented melanoblasts into pigmented melanocytes and results in de-pigmentation of differentiated melanocytes. BET inhibition also slowed cell growth, without causing cell death, increasing the number of cells in G1. Transcriptional profiling revealed that BET inhibition resulted in decreased expression of pigment-specific genes, including many MITF targets. The expression of pigment-specific genes was also down-regulated in melanoma cells, but to a lesser extent. We found that RNAi depletion of the BET family members, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2) inhibited expression of two melanin synthesis enzymes, TYR and TYRP1. Both BRD4 and BRD2 were detected on melanocyte promoters surrounding MITF-binding sites, were associated with open chromatin structure, and promoted MITF binding to these sites. Furthermore, BRD4 and BRD2 physically interacted with MITF.ConclusionThese findings indicate a requirement for BET proteins in the regulation of pigmentation and melanocyte differentiation. We identified changes in pigmentation specific gene expression that occur upon BET inhibition in melanoblasts, melanocytes, and melanoma cells.
Association of antimicrobial resistance and gut microbiota composition in human and non-human primates at an urban ecotourism site
Authors: Chong C. W. , Alkatheeri A. H. S. , Ali N. , Tay Z. H. , Lee Y. L. , Paramasivam S. J. , Jeevaratnam K. , Low W. Y. , Lim S. H. E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The rise of nature-based ecotourism in the past decade has introduced unprecedented challenges in managing the increasing interaction between humans and animals. The potential transmission of antibiotic resistant microbes between humans and non-human primate populations is a concern due to their genetic similarity. Malaysia is well known for hotspots of wildlife diversity where non-human primates like monkeys and orangutans have become popular tourist attractions. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus species, and other Enterobacteriaceae in the faeces of human (HS) and two non-human primates (NHP) in Malaysia, the Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis, MF) and Silvered leaf monkey (Trachypithecus cristatus, TC). In addition, the faecal bacterial composition was profiled to evaluate the potential association between antibiotic resistant profiles and composition of gut microbiota.

Results
We tested the isolated bacteria using a selection of antibiotics. The results showed that both the number of antibiotic resistant strains and resistance level were higher in humans than NHPs. Overall, the composition of gut microbiome and pattern of antibiotic resistance showed that there was higher similarity between MF and TC, the two NHPs, than with HS. In addition, samples with higher levels of antibiotic resistance showed lower bacterial richness. Homo sapiens had the lowest bacterial diversity and yet it had higher abundance of Bacteroides. In contrast, NHPs displayed higher bacterial richness and greater prevalence of Firmicutes such as Ruminococceae and Oscillospira.

Conclusion
Higher antibiotic susceptibility in NHPs is likely related to low direct exposure to antibiotics. The lack of resistance may also suggest limited antimicrobial resistance transmission between humans and NHP. Nonetheless, continued monitoring over a long period will help mitigate the risk of anthropozoonosis and zooanthroponosis.
Mycobacterium hassiacum: a thermophilic Mycobacterium species to demonstrate thermal disinfection of medical devices
Authors: Haas Bruno , Soto Kelly J. , Day Dana S. , Roy Alexander C. , Gagnon Marie-Claude , Alt Jodi R. , Labrie Philippe 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
Reprocessing reusable medical devices is crucial in the healthcare industry. To ensure patient safety, strict standards are dictated to validate thermal disinfection in automated washer-disinfectors. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has specific recommendations on the vegetative bacterial challenge but comparatively vague guidance on the use of a thermophilic Mycobacterium strain for thermal disinfection studies. This study aims to compare thermal resistance of Mycobacterium hassiacum and Mycobacterium terrae and determine which strain is suitable for medical device thermal disinfection validation testing in automated washer-disinfectors.

Results
Thermal resistance was demonstrated in vitro by calculating D-values for each strain at different exposure temperatures, and correlated with actual in situ processing conditions. M. terrae was completely killed (> 7 log reduction) at temperatures above 68 °C, with D-values between 46.6 and 27.8 s at temperatures between 59.5 and 67.2 °C. M. hassiacum was completely killed (> 8 log reduction) at temperatures above 75 °C, with D-values between 82.1 and 21.7 s at temperatures ranging between 69.2 and 73.6 °C. In vitro results were correlated in a washer-disinfector performance validation setup.
Difference in autonomic nervous effect of blue light depending on the angle of incidence on the eye
Authors: Yuda Emi , Yoshida Yutaka , Ueda Norihiro , Hayano Junichiro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
Blue light has been attributed to the adverse biological effects caused by the use of smartphones and tablet devices at night. However, it is not realistic to immediately avoid nighttime exposure to blue light in the lifestyle of modern society, so other effective methods should be investigated. Earlier studies reported that inferior retinal light exposure causes greater melatonin suppression than superior retinal exposure. We examined whether the autonomic responses to blue light depends on the angle of incidence to the eye.

Results
In eight healthy subjects, blue light from organic electroluminescent lighting device (15.4 lx at subjects’ eye) was exposed from 6 angles (0º, 30º, 45º, 135º, 150º, and 180º) for 5 min each with a 10-min interval of darkness. After adjusting the order effect of angles, however, no significant difference in heart rate or autonomic indices of heart rate variability with the angle of incidence was detected in this study.
N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine, a zinc chelator, inhibits biofilm and hyphal formation in Trichosporon asahii
Authors: Kurakado Sanae , Chiba Ryota , Sato Chisato , Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Sugita Takashi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTrichosporon asahiiis the major causative fungus of disseminated or deep-seated trichosporonosis and forms a biofilm on medical devices. Biofilm formation leads to antifungal drug resistance, so biofilm-related infections are relatively difficult to treat and infected devices often require surgical removal. Therefore, prevention of biofilm formation is important in clinical settings. In this study, to identify metal cations that affect biofilm formation, we evaluated the effects of cation chelators on biofilm formation inT. asahii.ResultsWe evaluated the effect of cation chelators on biofilm formation, since microorganisms must assimilate essential nutrients from their hosts to form and maintain biofilms. The inhibition byN,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) was greater than those by other cation chelators, such as deferoxamine, triethylenetetramine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The inhibitory effect of TPEN was suppressed by the addition of zinc. TPEN also inhibitedT. asahiihyphal formation, which is related to biofilm formation, and the inhibition was suppressed by the addition of zinc. These results suggest that zinc is essential for biofilm formation and hyphal formation. Thus, zinc chelators have the potential to be developed into a new treatment for biofilm-related infection caused byT. asahii.
2D shear wave elastography (SWE) performance versus vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE/fibroscan) in the assessment of liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis
Authors: Osman Ahmed M. , El Shimy Ahmed , Abd El Aziz Mohamed M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The assessment of liver stiffness and the degree of fibrosis are important factors affecting the management strategy. Multiple non-invasive tools are now available to offer an adequate alternative to biopsy. In this study, we tried to compare the performance of 2D shear wave elastography (SWE) to the transient elastography/fibroscan as a non-invasive tool in the prediction of liver stiffness. This is a prospective study of 215 patients confirmed by serology to have positive virus C or B infection. 2D SWE was done followed by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) known as fibroscan at the same session. Biopsy results were collected.

Results
The mean age was 51.07 years ± 6.07 SD. Five cases were excluded due to insufficient data. Fibroscan failed in 30 cases out of 210 cases (failure rate of 14.3%) compared with only 12 patients (6.7% failure rate) while using SWE. Only 180 patients completed the study to the result analysis. SWE results showed significant agreement to the fibroscan results with 86.7% agreement with a tendency for overestimation of the degree of fibrosis (11.7%). The efficacy of SWE was the highest during the assessment of patients with F0 (98.9%), F1 (97.8%), and F4 (93.3%) respectively and relatively low in F2 (92.8%) and F3 (90.6%).

Conclusion
2D SWE is a relatively recent non-invasive tool in the assessment of liver fibrosis grading which can be used as an alternative to the fibroscan with almost similar diagnostic performance especially when fibroscan is not capable to obtain adequate results such as in obesity and ascites.
A novel and more efficient biosynthesis approach for human insulin production in Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Authors: Govender Kamini , Naicker Tricia , Lin Johnson , Baijnath Sooraj , Chuturgoon Anil Amichund , Abdul Naeem Sheik , Docrat Taskeen , Kruger Hendrik Gerhardus , Govender Thavendran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInsulin has captured researchers’ attention worldwide. There is a rapid global rise in the number of diabetic patients, which increases the demand for insulin. Current methods of insulin production are expensive and time-consuming. A PCR-based strategy was employed for the cloning and verification of human insulin. The human insulin protein was then overexpressed in E. coli on a laboratory scale. Thereafter, optimisation of human insulin expression was conducted. The yield of human insulin produced was approximately 520.92 (mg/L), located in the intracellular fraction. Human insulin was detected using the MALDI-TOF-MS and LC–MS methods. The crude biosynthesised protein sequence was verified using protein sequencing, which had a 100% similarity to the human insulin sequence. The biological activity of human insulin was tested in vitro using a MTT assay, which revealed that the crude biosynthesised human insulin displayed a similar degree of efficacy to the standard human insulin. This study eliminated the use of affinity tags since an untagged pET21b expression vector was employed. Tedious protein renaturation, inclusion body recovery steps, and the expensive enzymatic cleavage of the C-peptide of insulin were eliminated, thereby making this method of biosynthesising human insulin a novel and more efficient method.
Nonlocal controllability of fractional measure evolution equation
Authors: Gu Haibo , Sun Yu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following kind of fractional evolution equation driven by measure with nonlocal conditions: $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} {}^{C} D_{0+}^{\alpha }x(t)=Ax(t)\,dt+ (f(t,x(t))+Bu(t) )\,dg(t), \quad t\in (0, b],\\ x(0)+p(x)=x_{0}. \end{cases} $${D0+αCx(t)=Ax(t)dt+(f(t,x(t))+Bu(t))dg(t),t∈(0,b],x(0)+p(x)=x0. The regulated proposition of fractional equation is obtained for the first time. By noncompact measure method and fixed point theorems, we obtain some sufficient conditions to ensure the existence and nonlocal controllability of mild solutions. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show practical usefulness of the analytical results.
Prioritisation of quality indicators for elective perioperative care: a Delphi consensus
Authors: Gilhooly D. , Chazapis M. , Moonesinghe S. R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
A systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature previously identified over 1200 perioperative structure and process quality indicators. We undertook a Delphi consensus process with the aim of creating a concise list of indicators that experts deemed most important for assessing quality in perioperative care

Methods
A basic Delphi consensus was completed using an online survey which was distributed to surgeons, anaesthetists, nurses, physicians and lay representatives. Participants were asked to prioritise the indicators in order of importance (high, medium or low) to be included for collection in a national perioperative quality improvement programme.

Results
One hundred and thirty-seven indicators were included in the first iteration of the Delphi consensus (91 structure and 48 process indicators). Sixty-three experts agreed to participate and the consensus was completed in five rounds. Ninety-five indicators were agreed as high priority: 65 structural and 30 process indicators.

Conclusion
The Delphi consensus process was able to reduce the number of recommended indicators to only a modest extent. Further work to evaluate the practicalities of routinely collecting such a comprehensive list of quality indicators is now required.
N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone, a bacterial quorum sensing signal, enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and wheat
Authors: Zhao Qian , Yang Xiang-Yun , Li Yao , Liu Fang , Cao Xiang-Yu , Jia Zhen-Hua , Song Shui-Shan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundN-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are the quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules to coordinate the collective behavior in a population in Gram-negative bacteria. Recent evidences demonstrate their roles in plant growth and defense responses.ResultsIn present study, we show that the treatment of plant roots withN-3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL), one molecule of AHLs family, resulted in enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and wheat. We found that the growth inhibition phenotype including root length, shoot length and fresh weight were significantly improved by 3OC6-HSL under salt stress condition. The physiological and biochemical analysis revealed that the contents of chlorophyll and proline were increased and the contents of MDA and Na+and Na+/K+ratios were decreased after 3OC6-HSL treatment in Arabidopsis and wheat under salt stress condition. Molecular analysis showed that 3OC6-HSL significantly upregulated the expression of salt-responsive genes including ABA-dependent osmotic stress responsive genesCOR15a, RD22, ADHandP5CS1,ABA-independent geneERD1, and ion-homeostasis regulation genesSOS1, SOS2andSOS3in Arabidopsis under salt stress condition.ConclusionsThese results indicated that 3OC6-HSL enhanced plant salt tolerance and ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signal pathways and SOS signaling might be involved in the induction of salt resistance by 3OC6-HSL in plants. Our data provide a new insight into the plant–microbe inter-communication.
Mir-30b-3p affects the migration and invasion function of ovarian cancer cells by targeting the CTHRC1 gene
Authors: Li Yan , Zhou Jinhua , Wang Juan , Chen Xiaoping , Zhu Yan , Chen Youguo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect role and mechanism of miR-30b-3p on ovarian cancer cells biological function.

Methods
The expression of miR-30b-3p was detected in ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovarian epithelial cell line by qRT-PCR. Mir-30b-3p mimic was transfected into OVCAR3 cells. Cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was conducted to explore the effect of mir-30b-3p on the OVCAR3 cells’ proliferation. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by Flow cytometry. Cell invasion ability was detected by Transwell test. The regulation of putative target of miR-30b-3p was verified by double luciferase reporter assays and Western blot.

Result
We found that miR-30b-3p was downregulated in OVCAR3 cells. Overexpression of miR-30b-3p suppressed proliferation, promoted apoptosis, slowed cell cycle and inhibited migration and invasion of OVCAR3 cells. Bioinformatics analysis identified 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of Collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1 (CTHRC1) as the presumed binding site for miR-30b-3p. Detection of double luciferase reporter and Western-Blot result confirmed that CTHRC1 was the target gene of miR-30b-3p. Furthermore, E-cadherin, β-cadherin and Vimentin protein expression level were changed after transfection of miR-30b-3p.

Conclusion
miR-30b-3p function as an anti-cancer gene. Overexpression of miR-30b-3p can inhibit the biological function of ovarian cancer cells. MiR-30b-3p targets CTHRC1 gene plays an important role in epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and supports miR-30b-3p as a potential biological indicator for ovarian cancer in the future.