bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pauline Chronology
Authors: Reasoner Mark 
Published: February 2020

Pauline chronology, the chronological framework in which Paul’s life and letters are situated, is a significant prolegomenon for the interpretation of his letters and the book of Acts that prompts study for several reasons. First, readers of Paul’s letters inevitably construct a life story through which to read the letters, since humans learn through narrative. Second, the Christian idea of incarnation drives Scripture readers to connect its narratives with “real” places and dates in our world. Thus, New Testament readers feel compelled to work out an absolute chronology of Paul’s life, which dates his letters in relation to dates and events from the outside world of the 1st century. Third, questions arise from the book of Acts, which in its second half follows Paul exclusively. Did the events in Acts really happen? Did the author of Acts, who sometimes uses “we” pronouns when describing Paul’s travels (16:10–17; 20:5–21:18; 27:1–28:16), really accompany Paul? How is Acts related to the letters of Paul? Fourth, questions arise within Paul’s letters that beg for a chronology. There are enough differences in Paul’s letters to demand that one form at least a relative chronology of Paul’s life to ascertain the sequence of the letters’ composition. Paul sent a letter to the churches in Galatia and collected money from them (Galatians 1:2; 1 Corinthians 16:1), but it is unclear exactly where these churches were located and when Paul founded them. The letters of 1 and 2 Corinthians prompt readers to reconstruct a chronology of Paul’s visits and communication with the church in Corinth. The Pastoral Epistles, 1–2 Timothy and Titus, appear to come from a different voice than Paul’s other letters, but adjustments in Pauline chronology allow some to situate this difference within Paul’s lifetime. In this bibliography, adjectives “Acts-friendly” or “Acts-receptive” mean that the interpreter is relying on Acts as providing valid historiographical data for chronology. “Acts-critical” or “Acts-cautious” mean that the interpreter has heeded the most influential piece in this bibliography, John Knox’s seminal book, Chapters in a Life of Paul, which takes seriously and popularizes the skepticism of F. C. Bauer (1792–1860) toward the historical value of Acts. Knox’s book calls for New Testament readers to reconstruct Pauline chronology primarily from Paul’s letters. Knox thus challenges all New Testament readers to make deliberate arguments for the regard they give to Acts when responding to questions of Pauline chronology.
Endoscope-Assisted Contralateral Perimedian Supracerebellar Suprapineal Approach to Third Ventricle Surface of the Thalamus: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Keleş Abdullah , Harput Mehmet Volkan , Türe Uğur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In managing thalamic gliomas, total surgical removal is the most effective way of increasing overall survival. However, the thalamus is a difficult target because of surrounding neurovascular structures. According to the lesion's size/location/growth pattern, relation to neighboring structures, and surgeon's experience, most thalamic lesions can be reached through one of the 4 free surfaces: lateral ventricle, velar, cisternal, and third ventricle surfaces of the thalamus (3VsT).
1-3
Approaching the thalamic lesions through the lateral side disrupts the integrity of internal capsule and corona radiata; thus, we never prefer this approach. For the removal of the lesions on the 3VsT, a transcallosal approach can be considered, but with this approach, we cannot reach 3VsT without harming the velar surface.
In this 3-dimensional video, we demonstrate an endoscope-assisted contralateral perimedian supracerebellar suprapineal (CPeSS) approach to a glioma on the 3VsT. The patient, a 49-yr-old man, had progressive dizziness for a month. With the patient in a semisitting position, total resection was achieved via the endoscope-assisted CPeSS approach. This approach is entirely transcisternal-transventricular and is a natural route to the 3VsT. Although the route is longer than the ipsilateral approach, it requires no retraction and provides more direct and wider visualization. It allows complete visualization of the lateral border of the lesion. A perimedian approach also avoids the major tentorial bridging veins, which are mostly at the midline. High-definition neuroendoscope was a great adjunct that helped to visualize residual tumors at hidden corners.
We suggest this approach for thalamic lesions on the third ventricle surface of the thalamus.
The patient consented to the publication of his images and a written consent was obtained.
Reducing the initial number of rituximab maintenance-therapy infusions for ANCA-associated vasculitides: randomized-trial post-hoc analysis
Authors: Charles Pierre , Dechartres Agnès , Terrier Benjamin , Cohen Pascal , Faguer Stanislas , Huart Antoine , Hamidou Mohamed , Agard Christian , Bonnotte Bernard , Samson Maxime  , Karras Alexandre , Jourde-Chiche Noémie , Lifermann François , Gobert Pierre  , Hanrotel-Saliou Catherine , Godmer Pascal , Martin-Silva Nicolas , Pugnet Grégory , Matignon Marie , Aumaitre Olivier , Viallard Jean-François , Maurier François  , Meaux-Ruault Nadine , Rivière Sophie , Sibilia Jean , Puéchal Xavier , Mouthon Luc , Guillevin Loïc ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe randomized, controlled MAINRITSAN2 trial was designed to compare the capacity of an individually tailored therapy [randomization day 0 (D0)], with reinfusion only when CD19+ lymphocytes or ANCA had reappeared, or if the latter’s titre rose markedly, with that of five fixed-schedule 500-mg rituximab infusions [D0 + D14, then months (M) 6, 12 and 18] to maintain ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) remissions. Relapse rates did not differ at M28. This ancillary study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of omitting the D14 rituximab infusion on AAV relapse rates at M12.MethodsMAINRITSAN2 trial data were subjected to post-hoc analyses of M3, M6, M9 and M12 relapse-free survival rates in each arm as primary end points. Exploratory subgroup analyses were run according to CYC or rituximab induction and newly diagnosed or relapsing AAV.ResultsAt M3, M6, M9 and M12, respectively, among the 161 patients included, 79/80 (98.8%), 76/80 (95%), 74/80 (92.5%) and 73/80 (91.3%) from D0, and 80/81 (98.8%), 78/81 (96.3%), 76/81 (93.8%) and 76/81 (93.8%) from D0+D14 groups were alive and relapse-free. No between-group differences were observed. Results were not affected by CYC or rituximab induction, or newly diagnosed or relapsing AAV.ConclusionsWe were not able to detect a difference between the relapse-free survival rates for up to M12 for the D0 and D0+D14 rituximab-infusion groups, which could suggest that omitting the D14 rituximab remission-maintenance dose did not modify the short-term relapse-free rate. Nevertheless, results at M12 may also have been influenced by the rituximab-infusion strategies for both groups.
Respiratory Severity Score with Regard to Birthweight during the Early Days of Life for Predicting Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants
Authors: Seo Yu Mi , Yum Sook Kyung , Sung In Kyung 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
The respiratory severity score (RSS) has been demonstrated to be associated with the oxygenation index in intubated newborn infants. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of RSS with regard to birthweight (BW) in preterm infants for predicting an association with future pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods
Preterm infants with &lt;30 weeks’ gestation and &lt;1250 g BW were reviewed and grouped into two (PH vs. no PH). Basic perinatal characteristics, comorbidities and parameters reflecting lung condition, including duration of invasive mechanical ventilator care, were compared. Respiratory support parameters (FiO2, RSS and RSS/kg) during the first 5 days of birth (0–120 h) were compared between the groups, and receiver operating characteristics curves were produced to evaluate the association with PH.

Results
RSS/kg, of the three respiratory support parameters, demonstrated significantly higher values in the PH group in the early days of life. Particularly, RSS/kg at day 2 of life had the greatest area under the curve [0.762, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.655–0.869, p &lt; 0.001] and maintained statistical significance [odds ratio (OR) 1.352, 95% CI 1.055–1.732, p = 0.017] in the multivariable analysis for a potential association with PH, along with gestational age (OR 0.996, 95% CI 0.993–0.999, p = 0.015) and preterm premature rupture of membrane &gt;18 h (OR 4.907, 95% CI 1.436–16.765, p = 0.011).

Conclusion
RSS/kg is a potential marker associated with the development of PH. Future studies could verify its usefulness as a reliable surrogate for predicting respiratory morbidity in clinical settings.
Infantile Tremor Syndrome Followed by West Syndrome: Effect or Continuation of Spectrum?
Authors: Azad Chandrika , Singh Jasmine , Guglani Vishal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Infantile tremor syndrome (ITS) is a nutritional deficiency syndrome, frequently reported from the Indian subcontinent caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. The West syndrome (WS), on the other hand, is a type of epileptic encephalopathy with variable etiology.

Case Series
We present a series of five children who presented with symptoms consistent with ITS and received standard intramuscular vitamin B12 therapy to which good response was observed. All these children were readmitted with WS with a time lag varying from 2 to 12 months. Magnetic resonance imaging brain and metabolic screen were within normal limits. Three out of five patients responded well to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), remaining two required additional drugs. We hypothesize that WS could have developed after ITS due to developmental desynchronization.

Conclusion
In the Indian scenario, it is particularly important to be aware of appearance of WS after ITS, because of high prevalence of ITS and devastating nature of WS.
Deep Learning for Visual SLAM in Transportation Robotics: A review
Authors: Duan Chao , Junginger Steffen , Huang Jiahao , Jin Kairong , Thurow Kerstin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Visual SLAM (Simultaneously Localization and Mapping) is a solution to achieve localization and mapping of robots simultaneously. Significant achievements have been made during the past decades, geography-based methods are becoming more and more successful in dealing with static environments. However, they still cannot handle a challenging environment. With the great achievements of deep learning methods in the field of computer vision, there is a trend of applying deep learning methods to visual SLAM. In this paper, the latest research progress of deep learning applied to the field of visual SLAM is reviewed. The outstanding research results of deep learning visual odometry and deep learning loop closure detect are summarized. Finally, future development directions of visual SLAM based on deep learning is prospected.
Spectral and Entropic Features Are Altered by Age in the Electroencephalogram in Patients under Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Kreuzer Matthias , Stern Matthew A. , Hight Darren , Berger Sebastian , Schneider Gerhard , Sleigh James W. , García Paul S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Preexisting factors such as age and cognitive performance can influence the electroencephalogram (EEG) during general anesthesia. Specifically, spectral EEG power is lower in elderly, compared to younger, subjects. Here, the authors investigate age-related changes in EEG architecture in patients undergoing general anesthesia through a detailed examination of spectral and entropic measures.

Methods
The authors retrospectively studied 180 frontal EEG recordings from patients undergoing general anesthesia, induced with propofol/fentanyl and maintained by sevoflurane at the Waikato Hospital in Hamilton, New Zealand. The authors calculated power spectral density and normalized power spectral density, the entropic measures approximate and permutation entropy, as well as the beta ratio and spectral entropy as exemplary parameters used in current monitoring systems from segments of EEG obtained before the onset of surgery (i.e., with no noxious stimulation).

Results
The oldest quartile of patients had significantly lower 1/f characteristics (P < 0.001; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.84 [0.76 0.92]), indicative of a more uniform distribution of spectral power. Analysis of the normalized power spectral density revealed no significant impact of age on relative alpha (P = 0.693; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.52 [0.41 0.63]) and a significant but weak effect on relative beta power (P = 0.041; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.62 [0.52 0.73]). Using entropic parameters, the authors found a significant age-related change toward a more irregular and unpredictable EEG (permutation entropy: P < 0.001, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.81 [0.71 0.90]; approximate entropy: P < 0.001; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.76 [0.66 0.85]). With approximate entropy, the authors could also detect an age-induced change in alpha-band activity (P = 0.002; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.69 [0.60 78]).

Conclusions
Like the sleep literature, spectral and entropic EEG features under general anesthesia change with age revealing a shift toward a faster, more irregular, oscillatory composition of the EEG in older patients. Age-related changes in neurophysiological activity may underlie these findings however the contribution of age-related changes in filtering properties or the signal to noise ratio must also be considered. Regardless, most current EEG technology used to guide anesthetic management focus on spectral features, and improvements to these devices might involve integration of entropic features of the raw EEG.

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Association Between Preoperative Oral Antibiotics and the Incidence of Postoperative Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults Undergoing Elective Colorectal Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Khorasani Sepehr , Dossa Fahima , McKechnie Tyler , Englesakis Marina , Brar Mantaj S. , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:
The risk of postoperative Clostridium difficile infection in patients receiving preoperative oral antibiotics remains controversial and a potential barrier for implementation.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between preoperative oral antibiotics and the incidence of postoperative C difficile infection in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.

DATA SOURCES:
Medline, PubMed (not Medline), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science were searched for articles published up to September 2018.

STUDY SELECTION:
Randomized controlled trials and observational studies that compared bowel preparation regimens in adult patients who underwent colorectal surgery were selected.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
The incidence of postoperative C difficile infection in adults receiving oral antibiotics versus no oral antibiotics was used as the primary outcome. ORs were pooled using generalized linear/mixed effects models.

RESULTS:
Fourteen randomized controlled trials and 13 cohort studies comparing bowel preparation with oral antibiotics to those without oral antibiotics were identified. The pooled OR from 4 eligible randomized controlled trials was suggestive of a greater odds of C difficile infection in the oral antibiotic group (OR = 4.46 (95% CI, 0.96–20.66)); however, the absolute incidence of C difficile infection was extremely low (total 11 events among 2753 patients). The pooled OR from 6 eligible cohort studies did not demonstrate a significant difference in the odds of C difficile infection (OR = 0.88 (95% CI, 0.51–1.52)); again, a very low absolute incidence of C difficile infection was identified (total 830 events among 59,960 patients).

LIMITATIONS:
This meta-analysis was limited by the low incidence of C difficile infection reported in the studies and the low number of randomized controlled trials included.

CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence of C difficile infection in patients who undergo colorectal surgery is very low, regardless of bowel preparation regimen used. Considering the beneficial role of oral antibiotics in reducing surgical site infection, the fear for C difficile infection is not sufficient to omit oral antibiotics in this setting. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO – IDCRD42018092148.
Climate change and its potential impact on menopausal hot flashes: a commentary
Authors: Smith James N. , van Daalen Kim R. , Venkatraman Rashmi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Climate change is known to impact men and women differently and yet how it will change the health impact of menopause, specifically hot flashes, has not been well researched or understood. Given the duration of symptoms, the high number of women suffering from them, and the associated consequences, any marginal change in incidence due to climate change could result in a very large number of women being affected. Global health systems need to be prepared for this and ensure that gendered issues like menopause do not fall through the cracks as we prepare for our future climate.

Video Summary:
http://links.lww.com/MENO/A549.
An examination of the reciprocal and concurrent relations between behavioral and cardiac indicators of acute pain in toddlerhood
Authors: Waxman Jordana A. , DiLorenzo Miranda G. , Pillai Riddell Rebecca R. , Flora David B. , Schmidt Louis A. , Garfield Hartley , Flanders Dan , Weinberg Eitan , Savlov Deena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent and predictive relations between healthy toddlers' pain behavior and cardiac indicators (ie, heart rate [HR] and respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) during routine vaccinations. Caregiver–infant dyads were part of a longitudinal cohort observed during their 12- and 18-month vaccinations. Behavioral and cardiac data were simultaneously collected for 1-minute preneedle and 3-minutes postneedle. Videotapes were coded for pain behaviors (FLACC; Merkel et al., 1997), and cardiac data were analyzed (HR, RSA) during sequential 30-second epochs. Four separate cross-lagged path models were estimated using data from the 12- (n = 147) and 18-month (n = 122) vaccinations. Across 12- and 18-month vaccinations, predictive within-measure relations were consistent for FLACC, HR, and RSA, reflecting good stability of these pain indicators. Behavioral indicators predicted subsequent HR and RSA within the immediate postneedle period. Both baseline behavior and HR/RSA predicted future pain scores. Concurrent residual relations between behavioral and cardiac indicators were inconsistent across time and indicators. Results suggest that behavioral and cardiac indicators reflect unique aspects of the nociceptive response. As such, multimodal assessment tools should be used and contextualized by child age, cardiac indicator, baseline behavior/physiology, and pain phase.
A highly cognitive demanding working memory task may prevent the development of nociceptive hypersensitivity
Authors: Torta Diana M. , De Laurentis Martina , Eichin Katharina Naomi , von Leupoldt Andreas , van den Broeke Emanuel N. , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Whether, how, and which cognitive factors modulate the development of secondary hypersensitivity/hyperalgesia after central sensitization is not fully understood. Here, we tested, in 3 subsequent experiments, whether being engaged in non–pain-related cognitive demanding tasks: (1) lessens the amount of hypersensitivity developed after an experimental procedure sensitizing nociceptive pathways; and (2) modulates cortical responses to somatosensory stimuli (measured by electroencephalography, EEG). In the first experiment, we validated a novel model in humans using low-frequency stimulation of the skin and demonstrated that it was able to successfully induce hypersensitivity to mechanical pinprick stimuli in the area surrounding the sensitized site. In the second and third experiments, we engaged participants in tasks of increasing difficulty (the Eriksen Flanker Task in experiment 2, and a modified N-back task in experiment 3). We observed that hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli still developed in experiment 2, that is, the pinprick stimuli applied on the sensitized arm were perceived as more intense after low-frequency stimulation. By contrast, no statistically significant enhancement of mechanical hypersensitivity was observed in experiment 3, indicating that, at the group level, being engaged in a difficult N-back task may interfere with the development of mechanical hypersensitivity. Contrary to previous studies, which have used different methods to induce sensitization, we did not observe any increase in the cortical response to somatosensory stimuli applied on the sensitized arm. We conclude that (1) the development of pinprick hypersensitivity is modulated by the concomitant execution of a difficult N-back task, and (2) the enhancement of cortical responses to somatosensory stimuli is related to the method used to induce central sensitization.
Almost 1 in 5 South African adults have chronic pain: a prevalence study conducted in a large nationally representative sample
Authors: Kamerman Peter R. , Bradshaw Debbie , Laubscher Ria , Pillay-van Wyk Victoria , Gray Glenda E. , Mitchell Duncan , Chetty Sean 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Limited information on the prevalence and risk factors for chronic pain is available for developing countries. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of chronic pain and the association between this pain and various personal and sociodemographic factors by including questions in the South Africa Demographic and Household Survey 2016. The survey was conducted by face-to-face interviews with a nationally representative sample of the adult population (ages 15 and older, n = 10,336). Chronic pain was defined as pain or discomfort that had been experienced all the time or on and off for 3 months or more. The prevalence of chronic pain was 18.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.0-19.7). Women were more likely than were men to have chronic pain (men = 15.8% [95% CI: 13.9-17.8]; woman = 20.1% [95% CI: 18.4-21.8]), and the prevalence of chronic pain increased from 11.3% (95% CI: 9.6-13.3) for the age range 15 to 24 years to 34.4% (95% CI: 30.6-38.4) for the age range over 65 years. The body sites affected most frequently were the limbs (43.6% [95% CI: 40.4-46.9]), followed by the back (30.5% [95% CI: 27.7-33.6]). This article presents the prevalence of chronic pain in the general population of a middle-income African country. These data give much needed insights into the burden of, and risk factors for, chronic pain in low-resource settings, and identify priority groups for intervention.