bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a community-based pilot intervention to tackle childhood obesity: a ‘whole-system approach’ case study
Authors: Gadsby Erica Wirrmann , Hotham Sarah , Eida Tamsyn , Lawrence Christopher , Merritt Rowena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Go-Golborne was a three-year pilot programme to test an innovative, community-based ‘whole system’ approach to preventing overweight in children in Golborne ward, London. Whilst there is a growing interest in local whole systems approaches to obesity, understandings of what they look like in practice are newly emerging. Go-Golborne was designed, implemented and evaluated within this context.Methods: The evaluation used a case-study design and theory of change approach to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Height/weight measurements of children in the six participating primary schools were recorded annually for four years. For behavioural outcomes, children aged six-11 completed four annual on-line surveys (total 4331 responses). Parents were surveyed in year one and year four (177 responses). Three focus group discussions were held with children aged 10-11 (N=21); interviews were conducted with parents (N=11), and school representatives (N=4). Stakeholders were surveyed twice (37 responses), and interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (N=11). An extensive range of programme documents were reviewed and additional process data was collected from the programme team. The RE-AIM framework was used to synthesise findings and examine public health impact.Results: Go-Golborne reached a diverse range of partners across Golborne. Events were attended by over 3360 local children and families and all six primary schools in the ward actively engaged in activities. The proportion of children in the above healthy weight categories remained stable over time. A number of changes in home, school and neighbourhood environments to support healthy behaviour change were evidenced. There was some qualitative evidence of positive changes in children’s behaviours, though significant or sustained changes were not evidenced by the quantitative data.Conclusions: Go-Golborne helped stakeholders and parents to develop a shared commitment to improving healthy weight in children, to identify barriers to a healthy lifestyle, and to start to make changes in their services/behaviours. The campaigns and changes made at micro-level appeared to be insufficient, in the face of counteracting forces and personal factors, to achieve significant behaviour change within three years. This highlights the need for local initiatives to be reinforced by supporting action at regional, national and global levels.
­­Awareness and Outcomes of the Fruits and Veggies (FNV) Campaign to Promote Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Targeted Audiences in California and Virginia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Englund Tessa Rhianon , Hedrick Valisa Ellen , Patiño Sofia Rincón-Gallardo , Kennedy Lauren Elaine , Hosig Kathryn Wright , Serrano Elena Lidia , Kraak Vivica Ingrid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The Partnership for a Healthier America launched the branded Fruits & Veggies (FNV) Campaign in 2015 to promote fruit and vegetable sales and intake to moms and teens in two United States pilot market areas: Fresno, California and Hampton Roads, Virginia. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to: 1) assess brand awareness and fruit- and vegetable-related outcomes among respondents from the target audiences of the FNV Campaign (i.e., moms and teens) in the Fresno, CA and Hampton Roads, VA market locations; and 2) examine whether reported awareness of the FNV Campaign was associated with differences in cognitive and behavioral outcomes related to fruit and vegetable purchases and intake among the target audiences in the two markets. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected using an online survey (February to July 2017) administered to a non-probability convenience sample (n=1604) of youth aged 14–20 years (n=744) and moms aged 21–36 years (n=860) in the two pilot markets. Binary logistic regression was used to examine associations between FNV brand awareness and dichotomous variables, and analysis of covariance was used to assess associations with continuous variables, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Approximately 20% (n=315) of respondents reported awareness of the FNV Campaign. Youth aware of the FNV Campaign (n=167) reported higher intentions to buy (p=0.003) and eat (p=0.009) fruits and vegetables than unaware respondents. Mothers aware of the FNV Campaign (n=148) reported greater encouragement for friends and family to eat fruits and vegetables (p=0.013) and were approximately 1.5 times more likely to report trying a new fruit or vegetable (p=0.04) than mothers unaware of the FNV Campaign. Daily fruit and vegetable intake frequency did not differ by FNV Campaign awareness. Conclusions: Awareness of the FNV Campaign was associated with limited but positive cognitive and behavioral outcomes among target audience respondents. These findings can inform future research to enhance understanding and improve effectiveness of the FNV Campaign as it is expanded to new markets nationwide.
CENPF driven lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma with immune infiltrates
Authors: Li Lei , Zheng Pengchao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: CENPF (centromere protein F) is a critical gene that associates with the centromere-kinetochore complex and plays an important role in the tumor development. However, the associations of CENPF expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in lung cancer remain unknown. Methods : CENPF expression and prognostic factor was analyzed via the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) site. The correlation between CENPF and cancer immune infiltrates was investigated via and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site. Further, correlations between CENPF expression and gene marker sets of immune infiltrates were analyzed by TIMER. Results: The TCGA database of Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) and Lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC) patients showed that high CENPF expression was associated with poorer overall survival (OS HR=1.5,P=0.01) and disease-free survival (DFS HR=1.4,P=0.027) in LUAD. Specifically, high CENPF expression have no correlated with worse OS(OS HR=0.78,P=0.071) and DFS(DFS HR=1,P=0.87) in LUSC. CENPF expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of B cells, macrophage in LUAD, B cells, and CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (DCs) in LUSC. CENPF expression showed strong correlations with diverse immune marker sets in LUAD, and LUSC. After down-regulating the expression of CENPF, the proliferative capacity of Lung adenocarcinoma and Lung squamous cell carcinoma cells was inhibited. Conclusions: This report suggest that CENPF is high expression, correlated with poor prognosis and immune infiltrating levels of, including those of B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs in in LUAD and LUSC. In addition, CENPF expression is potentially closely related to the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells. These studies suggest that CENPF can be used as a new prognostic target for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in Lung adenocarcinoma and Lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Estimating the under-ascertainment number of COVID-19 cases in Kano, Nigeria in the fourth week of April 2020: a modelling analysis of the early outbreak
Authors: Musa Salihu S , Zhao Shi , Hussaini Nafiu , Zuang Zian , Wu Yushan , Wang Maggie H , He Daihai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (known as COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in Wuhan, China has rapidly spread to over 200 countries and territories. In Nigeria, the Kano State Ministry of Health has confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on April 11, 2020, and since then there might have been issues of under-ascertainment that occurred roughly from 22 to 27 April 2020. As of 4 October 2020, there were 1738 reported COVID-19 cases in Kano with 54 associated deaths. In this work, we estimate the number of under-ascertainment cases and the basic reproduction number, B, of COVID-19 in Kano, Nigeria. We also predict the number of COVID-19 cases in the short term.Methods: We employ the exponential growth and modelled the outbreak curve of COVID-19 cases, in Kano, Nigeria from 11 to 30 April 2020. We estimated the number of under-ascertainment cases using the maximum likelihood estimation. We adopted the SI estimated for Hong Kong as approximations of the unknown SI for COVID-19 in Kano to estimate the a. We use ARIMA model to provide a short term (15 days) prediction of the COVID-19 cases in Kano, Nigeria.Results: We revealed that the initial growth phase mimic an exponential growth pattern. We found that the under-ascertainment was likely to have resulted in 213 (95% CI: 106−346) unreported cases from 22 to 27 April 2020. The reporting rate after 27 April 2020 increase up to 10-fold compared to the scenario from 22 to 27 April 2020 on average. We estimated the c of COVID-19 in Kano as 2.74 (95% CI: 2.53−2.96). We forecasted that the total number of COVID-19 cases in Kano to be 1067 (95% CI: 883, 2137) by June 6, 2020.Conclusion: The under-ascertainment likely exists during the fourth week of April, 2020 and should be regarded in the future analysis/investigation.
Drinking Alcohol Raise Chance Pre-Marital Sex by Four Folds Among Secondary School Adolescent Students in Jima Arjo, South Western Ethiopia, 2018.
Authors: Biratu Bayisa , Garoma Silesi , Getachew Motuma , Beyene Markos Desalegn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Premarital sexual practice is a sexual intercourse performed before formal marriage. Premarital sexual practice increases adolescents risk for having multiple sexual partner, infection with (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus) HIV, other (sexually transmitted desease) STDs and unintended pregnancy.Objectives: Was to assess the prevalence of premarital sexual practice and associated factors among secondary school (9-12 grade) students in Jimma Arjo district. Methods: Inistitutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted among adolescent students from may 1st to 15th using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. The collected data was cleaned and entered into(statistical package for social science) SPSS version 20. Factors associated with pre marital sexual practice were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis.Resulst: Over all premarital sexual practice was 24.4%. Being alcohol drinker(AOR[95%CI]=3.78[1.49,22.08]),havingboy/girlfriend(AOR[95%CI]=5.07[3.74,26.47]), (beingmale??) (AOR[95%CI]=2.9[1.78,37.8]); urban residence (AOR[95%CI]=6.44 [1.95,25.84]). Conclusion: In this study the premarital sexual practice was high. Being male sex, urban residence,using alcohol use and having boy /girl friend significantly affect premarital sexual practice. Therefore, school and community basedhealth information, education and communication need to be intensified to reduce the premarital sex and further health concequences.
Tuberculosis screening among patients with diabetes mellitus: Is it necessary, and how should it be done? ——A survey of endocrinologists in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Bei Chengli , Deng Ping , Yang Fen , Fu Manjiao , Xie Hebin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus(DM) is known to increase the risk of tuberculosis(TB) and contribute to adverse outcomes. WHO highlighted the necessity of bidirectional screening for the two diseases. However, the limited literature suggests that endocrinologists don't seem to be actively screen TB among DM patients.MethodsStratified sampling was used to select 43 general public hospitals(GPHs) at three different levels in Hunan province of China: 14 3rd-level GPHs, 13 2nd-level GPHs, and 16 1st-level GPHs. 284 endocrinologists working in the enrolled hospitals were invited to participate in the on site questionnaire survey and 277 qualified.ResultsThe allocation of digital X-ray cameras, tuberculin skin tests, sputumAcid fast bacillus smears, sputum cultures for mycobacterium tuberculosis, andinterferon gamma release assays in 43 GPHs were 90.7%, 72.1%, 55.8%, 34.9%, 27.9%, with significant differences between there different leves( P both <0.05). 62.5% (173/277) of the endocrinologists considered it necessary to proactively initiate TB screening for DM patients at first diagnosis and 80.9% (140/173) of them considered it necessary to regularly screen TB among DM patients during follow up. However, when admitting patients, 197 endocrinologists chose TB screening only for DM patients with suspected TB symptoms.The most possible reasons DM patients wouldn’t undergo TB screening were “patients refused(76.5%)”, “patients didn’t complain of the main symptom(46.9%)”, and “TB screening related tests haven’t been conducted in the hospital(35.7%)”.ConclusionsAlthough endocrinologists displayed some TB related knowledge and awareness of the need for proactive screening, the actual screening rate in the clinical setting was low. This may be related to multiple factors, such as the lack of relevant guidelines, patient communication, or mobilization, or the corresponding tests have not yet been conducted in the hospitals..
Serum Metabolome Analysis by Liquid Chromatography–mass Spectrometry Reveals Differences between Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia and Gout
Authors: Ma Yiwen , Guo Kaifeng , Wu Mian , Chen Xiaoting , Qu Shen , Chen Haibing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout are highly prevalent metabolic diseases caused by a high level of urate. This study aimed to investigate changes in the serum metabolic profile alterations and identify potential biomarkers of gout in patients with HUA by Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‑MS)-based metabolomics approach.Methods: To this end, we conducted a study in two parts. Firstly, serum samples were collected from 50 subjects, including 20 patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH), 20 patients with gout and 10 healthy controls (HCs). Secondly, 10 newly diagnosed HUA subjects were recruited as a febuxostat treatment group. They were treated with 40 mg/d febuxostat, and the plasma samples were required in the 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks during the treatment. LC−MS combined with partial least squares–discriminant analysis was used to distinguish between samples from patients and HCs. Clinical measurements and pathway analysis were performed to help elucidate metabolic changes.Results: Through serum metabolic profiling, 60 metabolites, including lipids and amino acids, were found to be significantly altered in patients with AH or gout. The biomarker and clinical data showed differences between patients with HUA or gout and healthy individuals. According to pathway analysis, the metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate; and D‑arginine and D‑ornithine were significantly perturbed in patients with HUA. Moreover, 27 differential metabolites were identified between the AH and gout subgroups. Additionally, we found changes in the expression level of some metabolites during febuxostat treatment through a 24-week follow-up study.Clonclutions: Taken together, we identified the biomarker signature for HUA (AH and gout). Metabolomics signatures could be used as new strategies for the prevention and early diagnosis of gout.
The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Physiological and Molecular Characterization on the Capsicum Plants (Solanales: Solanaceae)
Authors: Rajashekara S. , Khanum Shahwar Shareen , Shanthala M. , Mallika K. R , Adaki Sunita 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Chilli or Pepper (Capsicum species) is an essential and critical plant shown as vegetable cum spice crop that grown for the ornamental, medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. An enormous source of vitamins A and C constituted in the Capsicum species which is an essential and critical plant shown as vegetable and spice crops that grown worldwide for the ornamental, medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. The present paper deals with the relative changes in biochemical composition of the plants because of impacts of the induced mutation and assessment of the changes in the molecular characterization using AFLP innovation. Furthermore, AFLP investigation can be utilized to assess how the mutagenic specialists alter the structure of DNA in living beings and furthermore with the changes in the quantification of physiological and biochemical amounts.Results: Minimum amount of proteins (799.997 µg/ml), carbohydrates (39.13 µg/ml) and free fatty acids (673.2 µg/ml) were found in very high intervening mutated plants. Maximum percentage of inhibition by the peroxidase activity (0.1685 μg/ml), catalase activity (0.078 μg/ml), Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (68.57 μg/ml) activity and 2, 2’- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzoithioazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (97.88 μg/ml) activities were found in profoundly exposed mutated plants compared to the normal Capsicum plant species. A dendrogram representing the similarity in DNA bands of Capsicum plants in different time intervals of UV-C radiations showed significant negative affinities.Conclusions: This paper encourages us in understanding an induced mutation by UV-radiation on the Chilli plant leaves and its impact on plant cell creation and DNA structure, and acquiring sound and safe plants for mutagenesis. Therefore, this study brings mutation prompts diverse sorts of basic variations from the norm in cell organelles and its structure of the plant sources.
Long-Term Follow-Up of A Patient with Juvenile Dermatomyositis and Degos-Like Disease
Authors: Antonio Yamazaki-Nakashimada Marco , Melissa Espinosa-Navarro , Selma Scheffler-Mendoza , Francisco Rivas-Larrauri , Luz Orozco-Covarrubias , Cecilia Ridaura-Sanz , Saez-de-Ocariz Marimar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Degos-like disease has been associated with several rheumatologic conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Case presentation: Seven-year-old girl with low weight, height and body mass index who presented with swollen eyelids with ptosis, suggestive cutaneous features of juvenile dermatomyositis along with the presence of scarce papules with hematic crusts and white atrophic scars with an erythematous rim (Degos-like), dysphagia, flaccid paralysis and proximal and distal weakness. With the use of several immunosuppressants the disease was controlled; and after 7 years of follow-up the patient’s condition remains stable.Conclusion: Herein we describe a unique case of juvenile dermatomyositis associated with Degos-like disease responsive to treatment and a long follow-up.
Changes in the incidence of seasonal influenza in response to COVID-19 social distancing measures: an observational study based on Canada’s national influenza surveillance system
Authors: Pierce Andrew , Haworth-Brockman Margaret , Marin Diana , Rueda Zulma V , Keynan Yoav 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection that presents a significant annual burden to Canadians and the Canadian health care system. Social distancing measures that were implemented to control the novel coronavirus outbreak were also investigated for their ability to lessen the incidence of seasonal influenza.Methods: We conducted an ecological study using data from Canada’s national influenza surveillance system to investigate whether social distancing measures to control COVID-19 reduced the incidence of seasonal influenza. Data taken from three separate time frames facilitated analysis of the 2019-20 influenza season prior to, during, and following the implementation of COVID-19 related measures and enabled comparisons to the same time periods during three preceding flu seasons. The incidence of specific influenza strains was of primary focus. Further analysis was performed to determine the number of new laboratory-confirmed influenza or influenza like illness outbreaks.Results: Our results indicate a premature end to the 2019-20 influenza season, with a significantly fewer number of cases and outbreaks being recorded following the enactment of many COVID-19 social distancing polices. The incidence of influenza strains A (H3N2), A (unsubtyped), and B were all significantly lower at the tail-end of the 2019-20 influenza season, compared with preceding seasons.Conclusion: Specific social distancing measures and behaviours may serve as effective tools to limit the spread of influenza transmission moving forward, as they become more familiar.
L-Plastin Ser5 Phosphorylation is Modulated by the PI3K/SGK Pathway and Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness
Authors: Machado Raquel A.C. , Stojevski Dunja , de Landtsheer Sébastien , Lucarelli Philippe , Baron Alexandre , Sauter Thomas , Schaffner-Reckinger Elisabeth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMetastasis is the predominant cause for cancer morbidity and mortality accounting for approximatively 90% of cancer deaths. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin has been proposed as a metastatic marker and phosphorylation on its residue Ser5 is known to increase its actin-bundling activity. We recently showed that activation of the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway leads to L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation and that the downstream kinases RSK1 and RSK2 are able to directly phosphorylate Ser5. Here we investigate the involvement of the PI3K pathway in L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation and the functional effect of this phosphorylation event in breast cancer cells. MethodsTo unravel the signal transduction network upstream of L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation, we performed computational modelling based on immunoblot analysis data, followed by experimental validation through inhibition/overexpression studies and in vitro kinase assays. To assess the functional impact of L-plastin expression/Ser5 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells, we either silenced L-plastin in cell lines initially expressing endogenous L-plastin or neoexpressed L-plastin wild type and phosphovariants in cell lines devoid of endogenous L-plastin. The established cell lines were used for cell biology experiments and confocal microscopy analysis.ResultsOur modelling approach revealed that, in addition to the ERK/MAPK pathway and depending on the cellular context, the PI3K pathway contributes to L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation through its downstream kinase SGK3. The results of the transwell invasion/migration assays showed that shRNA-mediated knockdown of L-plastin in BT-20 or HCC38 cells significantly reduced cell invasion, whereas stable expression of the phosphomimetic L-plastin Ser5Glu variant led to increased migration and invasion of BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, confocal image analysis combined with zymography experiments and gelatin degradation assays provided evidence that L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation promotes L-plastin recruitment to invadopodia, MMP-9 activity and concomitant extracellular matrix degradation. ConclusionAltogether, our results demonstrate that L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation increases breast cancer cell invasiveness. Being a downstream molecule of both ERK/MAPK and PI3K/SGK pathways, L-plastin is proposed here as a potential target for therapeutic approaches that are aimed at blocking dysregulated signalling outcome of both pathways and, thus, at impairing cancer cell invasion and metastasis formation.