bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nilo-Saharan and Its Limits
Authors: Dimmendaal Gerrit J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInterspersed between two other major phyla on the African continent, Afro-Asiatic (mainly to the north) and Niger-Congo (mainly to the south), lies the Nilo-Saharan phylum. In this chapter a survey is presented of the major groups classified as members of this phylum by Greenberg and other authors in subsequent contributions. The present chapter also addresses the methodological background to the establishment of this phylum as well as controversies over the inclusion or exclusion of specific language groups. In addition, it discusses the most prominent and convincing grammatical (and, to a lesser extent, lexical) features pointing towards a common origin for languages classified as Nilo-Saharan today.
Berber
Authors: Kossmann Maarten 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Berber languages are a close-knit language group within Afro-Asiatic. In Berber scientific and political discourse, there is a tendency to play down the differences, and often Berber is represented as one single language with only some superficial regional variation. Berber dialectology is predominantly synchronic. Instead of providing a tree-model of the different varieties, this chapter, by using different approaches, attempts to define a number of different synchronic blocks. In a block-like classification of Berber languages, seven such historically defined entities are established. In view of the continuous movement of convergence one may doubt that the reconstruction of a Proto-Berber entity is possible.
Atlantic
Authors: Lüpke Friederike 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAtlantic is one of the controversial branches of the Niger-Congo language family. Both its validity as a genetic group and its internal classification are far from being settled. The longstanding debate on the status and structure of Atlantic cannot be closed before the descriptive situation of these languages allows for sufficient and reliable lexical data; before attempts at applying the comparative method have been made; and before the extensive role of language contact for shaping the languages in question is taken into account. Although no typological feature or feature combinations characterizes the group as a whole, several features are considered typical for Atlantic languages, including noun class systems, consonant mutation, and complex systems of verbal derivation, which have been used to justify suggested genealogical groupings. Atlantic languages, with the exception of Fula, are attested in an area from Liberia to Senegal, stretching from the Atlantic coast to the hinterland.
Syntax
Authors: Zeller Jochen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of the most important syntactic properties of African languages and language families. It investigates the status of syntactic word categories (noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, etc.) and examines the different word orders and word order alternations that are observed phrase-internally and at the level of the clause. Also discussed are syntactic constructions such as the passive, wh-questions, and relative clauses, as well as morphological phenomena that bear a close relation to syntax, such as case and agreement. Special attention is drawn to syntactic traits which are attested in African languages but which occur rarely, or not at all, outside Africa, such as the SVO–S-Aux-OV word order alternation (found in Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan languages as well as in Northern Khoisan), the construct state nominal (a characteristic of Afro-Asiatic languages), or logophoricity (a feature of subgroups of Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Afro-Asiatic).
Quiver matrix model of ADHM type and BPS state counting in diverse dimensions
Authors: Kanno Hiroaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe review the problem of Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield (BPS) state counting described by the generalized quiver matrix model of Atiyah–Drinfield–Hitchin–Manin type. In four dimensions the generating function of the counting gives the Nekrasov partition function, and we obtain a generalization in higher dimensions. By the localization theorem, the partition function is given by the sum of contributions from the fixed points of the torus action, which are labeled by partitions, plane partitions and solid partitions. The measure or the Boltzmann weight of the path integral can take the form of the plethystic exponential. Remarkably, after integration the partition function or the vacuum expectation value is again expressed in plethystic form. We regard it as a characteristic property of the BPS state counting problem, which is closely related to the integrability.
Decoding Stimulus–Response Representations and Their Stability Using EEG-Based Multivariate Pattern Analysis
Authors: Takacs Adam , Mückschel Moritz , Roessner Veit , Beste Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGoal-directed actions require proper associations between stimuli and response. This has been delineated by cognitive theory, for example, in the theory of event coding framework, which proposes that event files represent such bindings. Yet, how such event file representations are coded on a neurophysiological level is unknown. We close this gap combining temporal electroencephalography (EEG) signal decomposition methods and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). We show that undecomposed neurophysiological data is unsuitable to decode event file representations because different aspects of information coded in the neurophysiological signal reveal distinct and partly opposed dynamics in the representational content. This is confirmed by applying MVPA to temporal decomposed EEG data. After intermixed aspects of information in the EEG during response selection have been separated, a reliable examination of the event file’s representational content and its temporal stability was possible. We show that representations of stimulus–response bindings are activated and decay in a gradual manner and that event file representations resemble distributed neural activity. Especially representations of stimulus–response bindings, as well as stimulus-related representations, are coded and reveal temporal stability. Purely motor-related representations are not found in neurophysiological signals during event coding.
Documentation Practices for Transgender Youth Admitted to an Inpatient Psychiatric Unit
Authors: BIEBER EWA D. , VANDE VOORT JENNIFER L. , CROARKIN PAUL E. , VON DREHLE CASEY T. , SIMON SUE M. , HOPP BRIANNA N. , HEIL HOLLIE M. , ROMANOWICZ MAGDALENA 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Population-based surveys estimate that 0.7% of youth (13 to 17 y of age) in the United States identifies as transgender. Transgender youth are at an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and suicide attempts that often require inpatient care. Unfortunately, because of perceived insensitivity to gender identity from their providers, which includes incorrect use of names and/or pronouns, they may delay seeking necessary care. To date, there have been no specific documentation practice guidelines published by the International Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), or other professional associations. The main goal of this study was to review documentation practices among multidisciplinary teams caring for hospitalized transgender youth on a child and adolescent inpatient psychiatry unit.

Methods:
Retrospective chart reviews were completed for 44 transgender patients who were hospitalized between 2008 and 2017. The charts were reviewed for consistency in the documentation of name and gender by the multidisciplinary team. Members included child and adolescent staff psychiatrists, residents, fellows, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and social workers. Inconsistency was defined as at least 2 members of the team referring to a patient by a different name and/or gender pronoun in separate notes or >2 interchanges of name and/or gender pronoun in a single note. Kappa coefficient was calculated between each team member role to estimate exact agreement statistics.

Results:
In 43.2% (n=19) of cases, team members did not have a consistent approach to documenting a patient’s name and/or gender pronoun and 18% (n=8) of discharge summaries were also inconsistent in this documentation. The greatest agreement in documentation practices was noted between the team and the staff psychiatrist (κ=0.446).

Conclusions:
Findings from this study suggest that inpatient treatment teams show inconsistency in documentation practices for youth transgender inpatients. Further work is necessary to understand the implications of these findings for patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes.
Laparoscopic-assisted Rectus Sheath Block as a Novel Technique is Effective and Safe: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Miyazaki Dai , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Ebihara Yuma , Kurashima Yo , Murakami Soichi , Noji Takehiro , Nakamura Toru , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Okamura Keisuke , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
We developed laparoscopic-assisted rectus sheath block (LRSB) as a novel technique and report on its safety and effectiveness.

Methods:
Patients were randomly enrolled to an LRSB or control group (n=19 each). In the LRSB group, after the umbilical wound was closed, local anesthetic was injected transcutaneous at each of 4 sites (3 cm above and below the umbilicus bilaterally) with 10 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine, laparoscopically. The control group received conventional postoperative pain management. The primary endpoint was visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score at the end of surgery. Secondary endpoints were VAS and Prince Henry pain scale after surgery, number of administrations of analgesics, and side effects of anesthesia.

Results:
No significant differences in background were seen between groups. VAS at the end of surgery was significantly lower in the LRSB group than in controls (P<0.01). VAS and Prince Henry pain scale were significantly lower in the LRSB group from soon after surgery to postoperative day 2. No complications related to LRSB were encountered.

Conclusions:
LRSB was particularly effective at the end of surgery and pain scores were significantly lower in the LRSB group long after surgery. Our study shows LRSB is effective and safe for laparoscopic abdominal surgery.
Evaluation of nCoV-QS (MiCo BioMed) for RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal samples using CDC FDA EUA qPCR kit as a gold standard: an example of the need of validation studies
Authors: Freire-Paspuel Byron , Vega-Mariño Patricio , Velez Alberto , Castillo Paulina , Cruz Marilyn , Garcia-Bereguiain Miguel Angel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral qPCR kits are available for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, mostly lacking of evaluation due to covid19 emergency.ObjectiveWe evaluated nCoV-QS (MiCo BioMed) kit using CDC kit as gold standard.ResultsWe found limitations for nCoV-QS: 1) lower sensitivity 2) lack of RNA quality control probe 3) no capacity to quantify viral load.ConclussionsValidation studies should be implemented for any SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR commercial kit to prevent unreliable diagnosis.
Effectiveness of Mulligan joint mobilizations and trunk stabilization exercises versus isometric knee strengthening in the management of knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nazir Shaikh Nabi Bukhsh , Ali Syed Shahzad , Akhtar Saeed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundKnee Osteoarthritis (KOA) has a huge negative impact on gait parameters and on many components of biomechanics, including impairment of dynamic lower limb alignment and control of lumbopelvic movement. Specifically addressing these problems in treatment regimens is therefore critical but they must first be studied in detail before they can be used clinically to treat patients with KOA. This study protocol focuses on whether Mulligan joint mobilization with movement demonstrably decreases pain and restores healthy joint biomechanics and whether trunk stabilization exercises improve stability of the trunk, thereby distributing the weight of the body evenly on both feet. Because the treatment effects of neither treatment are conclusive, this study aims to determine their efficacy versus isometric knee strengthening.MethodThe study protocol is a three-arm randomized controlled trial. After initial screening by a referring consultant, subjects who fulfil the study criteria will be randomly assigned to one of three groups. They will then be given an explanation of study objective and asked for their informed consent to participate in the study. Group 1 will receive Mulligan mobilization with kinesiotaping and knee strengthening. Group 2 will receive trunk stabilization exercises, knee strengthening, and kinesiotaping. Group 3 will receive knee strengthening along with kinesiotaping. All participants will be evaluated using a visual analogue scale, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, stair climb test and 6-minute walk test at the baseline, 3rd and end of 6th week.DiscussionThe results of this study will answer focused questions concerning the relative efficacy of each treatment in KOA patients. The findings of this study will inform clinical decision-making by healthcare professionals and researchers.Trial registrationNCT04099017
Towards ‘Ancientbiotics’ for Biofilms: How can we bring traditional medicinal remedies out of treatise and into contemporary science?
Authors: Vandana Madhusoodhanan , Kadam Snehal , Bandgar Anuradha , Kaushik Karishma S 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionTraditional medicinal remedies hold vast potential as novel antimicrobial agents, particularly for recalcitrant infection states such as biofilms. To explore their potential, it is important to bring these remedies out of ancient treatise and into present-day scientific evaluation. For traditional medical practices, this ‘development pipeline’ starts with probing treatise for potential remedies and testing them for anti-biofilm effects, or the ‘treatise to test’ phase.AimThe aim of this work is to present a primer for developing ‘ancientbiotics’ against biofilms, that focuses on the ‘treatise to test’ phase of the pipeline. Based on our approach and results, we provide insights into the considerations and challenges relevant to evaluating traditional remedies as anti-biofilm agents.MethodologyWe identified and reconstituted plant-based medicinal formulations from historical treatises of Indian traditional medicine, and analyzed their efficacy using widely-employed microtiter based assays, that constitute the cornerstone of biofilm studies. Measuring biomass and metabolic activity, we evaluated effects on biofilm formation and eradication of pre-formed biofilms, ofPseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureus.ResultsBased on recipes and preparation practices across several texts, and with modifications to ensure compatibility with modern scientific practices, three plant-based traditional remedies were identified and formulated in sesame oil (Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cynodon dactylon, andOcimum tenuiflorum). We observed differential effects on biomass and metabolic activity on the biofilm formation and eradication ofP. aeruginosaandS. aureus; highlighting the value of the microtiter-based assays as an initial screening tool for traditional remedies.ConclusionThrough this study, we provide insights into considerations relevant to the ‘treatise to test’ phase of the ‘ancientbiotics’ pipeline, such as identifying ancient remedies, reconstituting them with present-day modifications, and usingin vitroassay formats for evaluation. The learnings in this primer will be relevant to both contemporary scientists and practitioners of ancient medicine, and will serve as a starting point for future studies exploring anti-biofilm approaches at the interface of historical and modern medicine.
Systematic protein complex profiling and differential analysis from co-fractionation mass spectrometry data
Authors: Fossati Andrea , Li Chen , Sykacek Peter , Heusel Moritz , Frommelt Fabian , Uliana Federico , Hallal Mahmoud , Bludau Isabell , Klemens Capraz Tümay , Xue Peng , Purcell Anthony W. , Gstaiger Matthias , Aebersold Ruedi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProtein complexes, macro-molecular assemblies of two or more proteins, play vital roles in numerous cellular activities and collectively determine the cellular state. Despite the availability of a range of methods for analysing protein complexes, systematic analysis of complexes under multiple conditions has remained challenging. Approaches based on biochemical fractionation of intact, native complexes and correlation of protein profiles have shown promise, for instance in the combination of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with accurate protein quantification by SWATH/DIA-MS. However, most approaches for interpreting co-fractionation datasets to yield complex composition, abundance and rearrangements between samples depend heavily on prior evidence. We introduce PCprophet, a computational framework to identify novel protein complexes from SEC-SWATH-MS data and to characterize their changes across different experimental conditions. We demonstrate accurate prediction of protein complexes (AUC >0.99 and accuracy around 97%) via five-fold cross-validation on SEC-SWATH-MS data, show improved performance over state-of-the-art approaches on multiple annotated co-fractionation datasets, and describe a Bayesian approach to analyse altered protein-protein interactions across conditions. PCprophet is a generic computational tool consisting of modules for data pre-processing, hypothesis generation, machine-learning prediction, post-prediction processing, and differential analysis. It can be applied to any co-fractionation MS dataset, independent of separation or quantitative LC-MS workflow employed, and to support the detection and quantitative tracking of novel protein complexes and their physiological dynamics.
Impacts of activity-based costing on organizational performance: evidence from Thailand
Authors: Vetchagool Witchulada , Augustyn Marcjanna M. , Tayles Mike 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo extend the limited yet conflicting results of prior studies, this paper hypothesizes and statistically tests alternative, structurally different models of likely positive impacts of activity-based costing (ABC) on organizational performance (OP). It also tests moderating effects of business type and business size.Design/methodology/approachTo test the models' abilities to explain the data, this comparative study uses survey data from 191 Thai firms, measures validated in the study and structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsExtensive use of ABC for cost analysis, cost strategy and cost evaluation directly improves operational performance (OPP); it also indirectly improves financial performance (FP) through improving OPP. The results are similar for manufacturing and non-manufacturing firms and for large firms and small-medium enterprises (SMEs).Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies could test the alternative models in other geographical and industrial contexts and could widen the range of control variables.Practical implicationsMonitoring of the effects of ABC use on OPP is crucial to achieving positive financial outcomes. The cross-functional nature of ABC is apparent; for it to be effective managers must ensure cooperation from departments and employees involved in the design and implementation of ABC systems.Originality/valueThis research arbitrates prior inconsistent findings by adopting an original approach of testing structurally different models in a single comparative study, using measures validated in the study. It provides new evidence that extends knowledge about impacts of ABC on OP. Further, it demonstrates its applicability in the context of developing economies.
Investigation on the shaft voltage generation of large synchronous turboalternators
Authors: Darques Kevin , Tounzi Abdelmounaïm , Le-menach Yvonnick , Beddek Karim 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to go deeper on the analysis of the shaft voltage of large turbogenerators. The main interest of this study is the investigation process developed.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis of the shaft voltage because of several defects is based on a two-dimensional (2D) finite element modeling. This 2D finite element model is used to determine the shaft voltage because of eccentricities or rotor short-circuit.

Findings
Dynamic eccentricities and rotor short circuit do not have an inherent impact on the shaft voltage. Circulating currents in the stator winding because of defects impact the shaft voltage.

Originality/value
The original value of this paper is the investigation process developed. This study proposes to quantify the impact of a smooth stator and then to explore the contribution of the real stator winding on the shaft voltage.
Secured and flexible user authentication protocol for wireless sensor network
Authors: P Prabu , T Senthilnathan 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIn wireless sensor network (WSN), user authentication plays as a vital role in which data sensing, as well as sharing, will be spoiled by hackers. To enhance user security, user authentication must be focused.Design/methodology/approachIn previous works, for secured authentication, Enhanced User Authentication Protocol (EUAP) is presented. On the other hand, the user free password generation is permitted in the previous technique.FindingsHere, password leakage may cause a malevolent user's contribution to the WSN environment. By presenting the Flexible and Secured User Authentication Protocol (FSUAP), this is solved in the presented technique in which secured as well as reliable sharing of data contents via unsecured wireless sensor devices was accomplished.Originality/valueThe foremost objective of the present technique is to device the protocol that would verify the users beforehand letting them access the sensor devices situated in various sites. The use of a sensor device could be reduced in a significant way. Three-factor authentication protocols are presented in place of two-factor authentication protocol in the presented technique that could deal with and safeguard the environment from a brute force attack in an effective manner.
Carrot or stick? The impact of paternalistic leadership on the behavioral integration of top management teams in megaprojects
Authors: Wan Jingyuan , Le Yun , Wang Ge , Xia Nini , Liu Xiaoxue 
Published: May 2020

PurposeFollowing the call to explore what leadership theory could be applicable in temporary organizations, the purpose of this study was to develop an integrative model linking the effects of paternalistic leadership styles (i.e. authoritarian, benevolent and moral) on the behavioral integration (BI) of top management teams (TMTs) in megaproject settings.Design/methodology/approachThe performance of the research model was tested based on empirical data collected from a sample of 43 megaproject TMTs.FindingsThe results show that the moral leadership style can significantly stimulate the BI of TMTs, whereas authoritarian leadership has a negative impact and benevolent leadership has no significant impact. Furthermore, trust in leader plays a partial mediating role between paternalistic leadership and BI, and the power distance value of TMT positively moderates the links between authoritarian and moral leadership styles and BI.Research limitations/implicationsThe TMT sample was drawn from China's megaprojects, most of which have global influence (e.g. Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge and Shanghai Expo), but the sampling approach limits the generalizability of the research findings to other contexts.Originality/valueThis study introduces the concept of BI into the realm of megaproject management and provides a novel perspective (i.e. paternalistic leadership) for exploring its antecedents. The findings, therefore, contribute to the literature by broadening the megaproject management research with a microfoundation perspective and by extending the extant paternalistic leadership in the context of temporary organizational settings.