bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin needling for the treatment of acne scarring: A comprehensive review
Authors: Villani Alessia , Carmela Annunziata Maria , Antonietta Luciano Maria , Fabbrocini Gabriella 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin needling, also called “collagen induction therapy,” is a nonpharmacological treatment modality that has been increasingly utilized for the treatment of acne scars.AimsTo review the medical literature and to select the most significative and recent studies regarding skin needling as a treatment for acne scarring, used alone or combined with other treatments.MethodsA literature search was performed using the PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases, in addition to reviewing the bibliographies of relevant articles.ResultsAlmost all the articles evaluated showed improvement of acne scars severity after microneedling treatment. When combined with other treatments such as autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), chemical peels, filler injections, or laser treatment, a greater improvement was reported. Needling technique is well‐tolerated with erythema and dryness representing the most frequent adverse events.ConclusionsMicroneedling is a useful treatment for acne scarring. Further studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy and safety and to create a standardized protocol to adopt for each patient according to the severity of acne scars.
The effect of hypoxia on the proliferation capacity of dermal papilla cell by regulating lactate dehydrogenase
Authors: Ye Jun , Tang Xiaoli , Long Yunzhu , Chu Zhou , Zhou Qing , Lin Bojie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHypoxia is of great significance for stem cells to maintain the proliferation and differentiation capacity. As a specialized mesenchymal component of the hair follicle (HF), the dermal papilla cell (DPC) not only regulates HF cycle, but also plays a pivotal role in differentiating hair follicle stem cell(HFSC) into HF. However, whether hypoxia could affect DPCs on proliferation or metabolism remains unclear. In our study, DPCs were cultured in normoxia (20%O2) or hypoxia (5%O2). Cell viability assays were performed, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and lactate level in DPCs were detected. After that, LDH was overexpressed or knocked down in DPCs; then, the expression of protein markers (ALP, Ki‐67) was assessed by Western blotting, and cell proliferation was also detected after overexpression or knockdown of LDH. Hypoxia did show positive effect on proliferation of DPCs. The LDH activity of DPCs cultured under hypoxic condition was significantly higher than that of cultured under normoxic condition. Overexpression of LDH significantly up‐regulates the expression of ALP and Ki‐67 compared with knockdown and negative control. Cell proliferation was also promoted in DPCs with elevated LDH. Our findings showed that the proliferation activity of DPCs could be stimulated under hypoxia. Meanwhile, LDH plays an important role in maintaining the activity of DPCs in hypoxic condition.
Transient Global Amnesia: A Diffusion and Perfusion MRI study
Authors: Shimizu Kazuhide , Hara Shoko , Hori Masaaki , Tanaka Yoji , Maehara Taketoshi , Aoki Shigeki , Tazawa Toshiaki , Nariai Tadashi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETransient global amnesia (TGA) is a rare clinical entity with a sudden onset of anterograde amnesia that recovers within 24 hours. The underlying pathophysiology is uncertain. Imaging studies are controversial, but diffusion‐weighted images often show small diffusion‐restricted lesions in the hippocampus, which may suggest ischemic damage. Thus, we conducted the first clinical study using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) to examine whether the microstructure and perfusion status of the hippocampus are influenced by the presence of diffusion‐restricted lesions.METHODSTen patients with a clinical diagnosis of TGA were evaluated by conventional MRI, NODDI, and ASL. The intracellular volume fraction (ICVF) and orientation dispersion index (ODI) on NODDI and cerebral blood flow (CBF) determined by ASL in the hippocampus were calculated and compared by diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) positivity. Correlations among ICVF, ODI, and CBF were also analyzed.RESULTSThree patients had typical unilateral DWI‐positive lesions. No significant differences in any of the three parameters were detected between DWI‐positive and DWI‐negative hippocampi. A statistically significant correlation was detected between the ODI and CBF (R = .51, P = .021).CONCLUSIONSThe first NODDI and ASL study in patients after TGA demonstrated no obvious microstructural or perfusion abnormalities in the hippocampus with typical DWI‐positive lesions, which may indicate that TGA does not cause destructive damage or involve baseline microstructure or perfusion abnormalities in the hippocampus in relation to diffusion‐restricted lesions.
1-(4-((5-chloro-4-((2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)imidazolidin-2-one (ZX-42), a novel ALK inhibitor, induces apoptosis and protective autophagy in H2228 cells
Authors: Wang Lijing , Xu Xiaobo , Liu Tong , Wang Junfang , Shen Jiwei , Guo Ming , Wu Yingliang , Zhai Xin , Zuo Daiying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the antiproliferative effects of 1-(4-((5-chloro-4-((2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)imidazolidin-2-one (ZX-42) on the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-4/anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene (EML4-ALK) positive lung cancer cell line H2228 and its underlying mechanism.

Methods
The MTT assay was used to study the effect of ZX-42 on H2228 cell growth. Propidium iodide (PI) staining and Western blotting were used to investigate the cell cycle changes. ZX-42-induced cell apoptosis was determined using the Annexin V-FITC/PI (AV/PI) apoptotic assay kit, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Hoechst 33258 staining, Rhodamine 123 (Rh 123) fluorescence assay and Western blotting. ZX-42-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by ROS assay kit. Transmission electron microscope, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and the AV/PI apoptotic assay kit were used to demonstrate the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis.

Key findings
ZX-42 had good cell viability inhibitory effect on H2228 cells. ZX-42 dramatically inhibited ALK and its downstream pathways. ZX-42 also blocked H2228 cell cycle at G1 phase and then induced apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial pathway. Next, ZX-42 induced the production of ROS, and antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced ROS production and also decreased apoptotic rates. We also found that ZX-42 induced protective autophagy in H2228 cells.

Conclusions
In summary, ZX-42 is a novel ALK inhibitor that significantly inhibits the cell viability of H2228 cells and ultimately induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, in which autophagy plays a protective role. Therefore, inhibition of autophagy might enhance the anti-cancer effect of ZX-42.
A geometric calibration model for the new ultra‐large frame aerial mapping camera DMZ II
Authors: Fang Yong , Hu Haiyan , Gao Li , Jiang Zhenzhi , Cao Bincai , Sun Bijiao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe DMZ II (DaMianZhen II) camera uses a multi‐frame optical plane assembly to form a virtual ultra‐large array sensor (23 000 × 23 000 pixels). The geometric model of this aerial mapping camera, with one lens and 12 component CCD panchromatic arrays, is proposed. The new geometric model combines the well‐known global parameters with sensor‐specific local parameters for the individually installed CCD arrays. Test flight evaluations show that the model can improve the geometric accuracy from ±6 μm (1 pixel) to ±1·5 μm (1/4 pixel), equivalent to that of traditional single‐array imaging sensors, providing a multiple‐array large‐frame aerial mapping camera with high accuracy and efficiency.
The Moral Grounds of Reasonably Mistaken Self‐Defense
Authors: Bolinger Renée Jorgensen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSome, but not all, of the mistakes a person makes when acting in apparently necessary self‐defense are reasonable: we take them not to violate the rights of the apparent aggressor. I argue that this is explained by duties grounded in agents’ entitlements to a fair distribution of the risk of suffering unjust harm. I suggest that the content of these duties is filled in by a social signaling norm, and offer some moral constraints on the form such a norm can take.
Exogenous 6‐benzyladenine application affects root morphology by altering hormone status and gene expression of developing lateral roots in Malus hupehensis
Authors: Mao J. , Niu C. , Li K. , Mobeen Tahir M. , Khan A. , Wang H. , Li S. , Liang Y. , Li G. , Yang Z. , Zuo L. , Han M. , Ren X. , An N. , Zhang D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Malus hupehensis is an extensively used apple rootstock in China. In the current study, M. hupehensis seedlings were treated with exogenous 2.2 µm 6‐benzyladenine (6‐BA) so as to investigate the mechanism by which 6‐BA affects lateral root development.

The results indicate that 6‐BA treatment promotes elongation and thickening of both root and shoot in M. hupehensis, but reduces the number of lateral roots, as well as reducing the auxin level after 6‐BA treatment. Moreover, MhAHK4, MhRR1 and MhRR2 were also significantly up‐regulated in response to 6‐BA treatment.

Expression levels of auxin synthesis‐ and transport‐related genes, such as MhYUCCA6, MhYUCCA10, MhPIN1 and MhPIN2, were down‐regulated, which corresponds with lower auxin levels in the 6‐BA‐treated seedlings. A negative regulator of auxin, MhIAA3, was induced by 6‐BA treatment, leading to reduced expression of MhARF7 and MhARF19 in 6‐BA‐treated seedlings. As a result, expression of MhWOX11, MhWOX5, MhLBD16 and MhLBD29 was blocked, which in turn inhibited lateral root initiation.

In addition, a lower auxin level decreased expression of MhRR7 and MhRR15, which repressed expression of key transcription factors associated with root development, thus inhibiting lateral root development. In contrast, 6‐BA treatment promoted secondary growth (thickening) of the root by inducing expression of MhCYCD3;1 and MhCYCD3;2. Collectively, the changes in hormone levels and gene expression resulted in a reduced number of lateral roots and thicker roots in 6‐BA‐treated plants.
Setting, sulfur isotope variations, and metamorphism of Jurassic massiveZn‐Pb‐Agsulfide mineralization associated with arc‐type volcanism (Skra, Vardar zone, Νorthern Greece)
Authors: Skarpelis Nikolaos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMassive Zn‐Pb‐Ag sulfide mineralization appears conformable with felsic volcanism, developed in an Upper Jurassic volcanic arc to the Southwest (SW) of the Serbo‐Macedonian continent in Northern Greece. The host volcanic sequence of the mineralization comprises mylonitized rhyolitic to rhyodacitic lavas, pyroclastics, quartz‐feldspar porphyries, and cherty tuffs. A “white mica—quartz—pyrite” mineral assemblage characterizes the volcanic rocks in the footwall and hanging‐wall of massive sulfide ore layers, formed as a result of greenschist‐grade regional metamorphism on “clay‐quartz‐pyrite” hydrothermal alteration haloes. Massive ore lenses are usually underlain by deformed Cu‐pyrite and quartz‐pyrite stockworks. Most of the sulfide ore bodies have proximal‐type features. Ductile deformation and regional metamorphism have transformed many of the stockwork structures. The mineralization is characterized by high Zn, Pb, and Ag contents, while Cu and critical metals are low. Primary depositional textures, for example, layering, clastic pyrite, colloform, and atoll textures were identified. The overall textural features of the mineralization indicate it has undergone mechanical deformation. The most prominent features of the effects of metamorphism, folding and shearing, are modification of the ore body morphology toward flattened and boudinage structures and transformation of the ore textures toward the dominance of planar fabrics. Sulfur isotope analyses of sulfides along with textural observations are consistent with a dual source of sulfide sulfur. Sulfur isotope values for sphalerite, non‐colloform pyrite, galena, and chalcopyrite fall in a limited range from −1.6 to +4.8‰ (mean δ34S + 2‰), indicating a hydrothermal source derived from the reduction of coeval seawater sulfate in the convective system. Pyrites with colloform and atoll textures are characterized by a34S depletion, indicating a bacterial reduction of coeval seawater sulfate. The morphology of ore beds, the mineralogy, sulfide textures, and ore chemistry along with the petrology and tectonic setting of the host rocks can be attributed to typical of a bimodal‐felsic metallogenesis. Although similar in many respects to classic Kuroko‐type volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization, it has some atypical features, like the absence of barite ore, which is possibly a result of significant temporal depletion in sulfate due to bacterial reduction, a conclusion supported by the widespread occurrence of colloidal and atoll textures of pyrite.
Lethal Means Assessment and Counseling in the Emergency Department: Differences by Provider Type and Personal Home Firearms
Authors: Diurba Sofiya , Johnson Rachel L. , Siry Bonnie J. , Knoepke Christopher E. , Suresh Krithika , Simpson Scott A. , Azrael Deborah , Ranney Megan L. , Wintemute Garen J , Betz Marian E. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined emergency department (ED) and behavioral health (BH) provider attitudes and behaviors related to lethal means screening and counseling of patients with suicide risk, specifically examining differences by provider type and whether providers had firearms in their own home.MethodsEmergency department providers (physicians and mid‐level practitioners) and behavioral health (BH) providers at four Colorado EDs completed an anonymous, web‐based survey.ResultsFewer ED providers (35%) than BH providers (81%) felt confident in their ability to counsel patients about lethal means (p < .001). In multivariable analysis, the only clinical or provider factor associated with often or almost always asking patients about firearm access was provider type, with BH providers more likely than ED providers to ask in all scenarios (OR: 5.58, 95% CI 1.68–18.6). Behaviors and attitudes about lethal means counseling did not vary by whether the provider had firearms at home. Almost all providers said that additional training and protocols about how to help patients make firearm storage decisions would be helpful.ConclusionsGaps in ED‐delivered lethal means counseling persist, highlighting directions for future provider education and protocol development.
The particle image tracking technique: An accurate optical method for measuring individual kinematics of rigid particles
Authors: Richefeu Vincent , Combe Gaël 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a new approach to assess the two‐dimensional motion of rigid bodies in granular materials. Although it was adapted from digital image correlation technique, the heart of the presented technique relies on specific treatments related to the discrete nature of grain‐displacement fields. The code called Tracker has been developed to process the digital images and measure the in‐plane displacement and rotation of each individual grain from one image to another. A remarkable feature is the use of a specific strategy that allows tracking all particles, without losing any of them (which is a typical problem when tracking assemblies of discrete particles over many images). This is achieved by a two‐step procedure, where, in case of problematic tracking of a grain, the size of the search zone is increased in an adaptive manner, that is, taking into account the results of tracking in the neighbourhood of the particle. The accuracy of the measured displacements and rotations was tested on both perfect synthetic images and digital photographs of a sheared assembly of grains. An automatic procedure that corrects the lens distortion further improves the quality of the measurements. The accurate assessment of the grain kinematics opens very interesting perspectives, especially in the study of displacement fluctuations in granular media.
Distancing Bonus Or Downscaling Loss? The Changing Livelihood of Us Online Workers in Times of COVID‐19
Authors: Stephany Fabian , Dunn Michael , Sawyer Steven , Lehdonvirta Vili 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe draw on data from the Online Labour Index and interviews with freelancers in the United States securing work on online platforms, to illuminate effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The pandemic's global economic upheaval is shuttering shops and offices. Those able to do so are now working remotely from their homes. They join workers who have always been working remotely: freelancers who earn some or all of their income from projects secured via online labour platforms. Data allow us to sketch a first picture of how the initial months of the COVID‐19 pandemic have affected the livelihoods of online freelancers. The data shows online labour demand falling rapidly in early March 2020, but with an equally rapid recovery. We also find significant differences between countries and occupations. Data from interviews make clear jobs are increasingly scarce even as more people are creating profiles and seeking freelance work online.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in kidney transplant recipients: Early report of five cases
Authors: Silva Filipa , Cipriano Ana , Cruz Hugo , Tavares Joana , Fragoso Joana , Malheiro Jorge , Almeida Manuela , Martins La Salete , Abreu Miguel , Pedroso Sofia , Dias Leonídio , Henriques António Castro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrom December 2019 to March 2020, China was the epicenter of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection pandemic, but from that moment on, Europe surpassed China in the number of new cases and deaths related to this novel viral respiratory infection. The emergence of this world pandemic is particularly important for solid organ transplant recipients, who might have an increased risk of mortality, not only due to their chronic immunosuppression status, but also to the cardiovascular risk that correlates with several years of chronic kidney disease. To the extent that there is still a lack of knowledge about the clinical characteristics, evolution, and prognosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in kidney transplant recipients, we will report the first 5 cases diagnosed and followed in our transplant unit, as well as share the therapeutic strategies adopted.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: June 2020

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 4Abdul Azim Akhtar, Independent Academic & Researcher, Delhi, IndiaAhmet Yıkmış, Abant Izzet Baysal Univeersity, TurkeyAmany Albert, Beni-Suef University, EgyptAna Uka, Beder University, AlbaniaAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalBassam Yousef Ibrahim Banat, Al-Quds University, PalestineBo Li, St Ambrose University, USAElena Montanari, Politecnico Di Milano, ItalyEncarnación ABAD ARENAS, National University of Distance Education (UNED), SpainJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II, Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJihyoung Kim, Pyeongtaek University, South KoreaJohn Boulard Forkuor, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) , GhanaK.O. Aramide, The Polytechnic Ibadan, NigeriaLaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanMiriam Parise, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, ItalyMohamed Mehdi Jelassi, IHEC Carthage, TunisiaNadarajah Pushparajah, University of Jaffna, Sri LankaNikias Sarafoglou, GMU, SwedenQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRachita Shrivastava Roy, Department of Higher Education, Chhatisgarh-India, IndiaRiam Elmorshedy, South Valley University, EgyptRonaldo R. Larioque, NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PhilippinesSaid Aldhafri, Sultan Qaboos University and The Research Counci, OmanSudershan Pasupuleti, The University of Texas, USASusheelabai Srinivasa, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, United StatesTracey A. Monson, CCIP for Childcare in Practice, Queens University Belfast, Republic of IrelandUğur DEMİRCİ, Turkish National Police, TurkeyYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China, China/AustraliaYusramizza Md Isa, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
A System to Package Perspective on Transient Thermal Management of Electronics
Authors: de Bock H. Peter , Huitink David , Shamberger Patrick , Lundh James Spencer , Choi Sukwon , Niedbalski Nicholas , Boteler Lauren 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
There are many applications throughout the military and commercial industries whose thermal profiles are dominated by intermittent and/or periodic pulsed thermal loads. Typical thermal solutions for transient applications focus on providing sufficient continuous cooling to address the peak thermal loads as if operating under steady-state conditions. Such a conservative approach guarantees satisfying the thermal challenge but can result in significant cooling overdesign, thus increasing the size, weight, and cost of the system. Confluent trends of increasing system complexity, component miniaturization, and increasing power density demands are further exacerbating the divergence of the optimal transient and steady-state solutions. Therefore, there needs to be a fundamental shift in the way thermal and packaging engineers approach design to focus on time domain heat transfer design and solutions. Due to the application-dependent nature of transient thermal solutions, it is essential to use a codesign approach such that the thermal and packaging engineers collaborate during the design phase with application and/or electronics engineers to ensure the solution meets the requirements. This paper will provide an overview of the types of transients to consider—from the transients that occur during switching at the chip surface all the way to the system-level transients which transfer heat to air. The paper will cover numerous ways of managing transient heat including phase change materials (PCMs), heat exchangers, advanced controls, and capacitance-based packaging. Moreover, synergies exist between approaches to include application of PCMs to increase thermal capacitance or active control mechanisms that are adapted and optimized for the time constants and needs of the specific application. It is the intent of this transient thermal management review to describe a wide range of areas in which transient thermal management for electronics is a factor of significance and to illustrate which specific implementations of transient thermal solutions are being explored for each area. The paper focuses on the needs and benefits of fundamentally shifting away from a steady-state thermal design mentality to one focused on transient thermal design through application-specific, codesigned approaches.