bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Journey of Hope: giving research participants a voice to share their experiences and improve community engagement around advanced HIV disease in Uganda
Authors: Cresswell Fiona V. , Kasibante John , Martyn Emily M. , Tugume Lillian , Stead Gavin , Ssembambulidde Kenneth , Rutakingirwa Morris K. , Kagimu Enock , Nsangi Laura , Namuju Carol , Ndyetukira Jane F. , Ahimbisibwe Cynthia , Kugonza Florence , Sadiq Alisat , Namudde Alice , Dobbin Joanna , Srishyla Diksha , Quinn Carson , Kabahubya Mable , Muzoora Conrad , Watiti Stephen , Meya David B. , Elliott Alison M. 
Published: October 2020

Over the last decade excellent progress has been made globally in HIV management thanks to antiretroviral therapy (ART) rollout and international guidelines now recommending immediate initiation of ART in people living with HIV. Despite this, advanced HIV disease (CD4 less than 200 cells/mL) and opportunistic infections remain a persistent challenge and contribute significantly to HIV-associated mortality, which equates to 23,000 deaths in Uganda in 2018 alone. Our Meningitis Research Team based in Uganda is committed to conducting clinical trials to answer important questions regarding diagnostics and management of HIV-associated opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis. However, clinical research is impossible without research participants and results are meaningless unless they are translated into benefits for those affected by the disease. Therefore, we held a series of community engagement events with the aims of 1) giving research participants a voice to share their experiences of clinical research and messages of hope around advanced HIV disease with the community, 2) dispelling myths and stigma around HIV, and 3) raising awareness about the complications of advanced HIV disease and local clinical research and recent scientific advances. The purpose of this Open Letter is to describe our community engagement experience in Uganda, where we aimed to give clinical research participants a greater voice to share their experiences. These activities build upon decades of work in HIV community engagement and lays a platform for future research and engagement activities.
A protocol for a qualitative synthesis exploring people with stroke, family members, caregivers and healthcare professionals experiences of early supported discharge (ESD) after stroke
Authors: O Connor Elaine , Dolan Eamon , Horgan Frances , Robinson Katie , Galvin Rose 
Published: October 2020

Early supported discharge (ESD) facilitates a person with a stroke to be discharged from the acute hospital environment earlier than conventional care to continue their rehabilitation within the home with members of the multi-disciplinary team. A number of quantitative studies have highlighted benefits of ESD including a reduction in the length of inpatient stay, cost savings, as well as reducing long term dependency. This systematic review and qualitative synthesis explores the perspectives and experiences of those involved in ESD including people with stroke, family members, caregivers as well as the healthcare professionals involved in the delivery of the service. A comprehensive literature search will be completed in the following databases CINAHL, PubMed Central, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Sage, Academic Search Complete, Directory of Open Access Journals, The Cochrane Library, PsycARTICLES and Scopus. Qualitative or mixed methods studies that include qualitative data on the perspectives and experiences of people with stroke, family members, caregivers and healthcare professionals of an ESD service will be included. Methodological quality will be appraised using the ten-item Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research by two independent reviewers with a third reviewer involved should differences of opinion arise. Findings will be synthesised using thematic synthesis. It is anticipated that the qualitative synthesis will provide a deeper understanding of the experiences of ESD which may serve to inform practice as well as assist in the development of new ESD services. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020135197 – 28/04/2020
Online Review Solicitations Reduce Extremity Bias in Online Review Distributions and Increase Their Representativeness
Authors: Karaman Hülya 
Published: October 2020

Representative online customer reviews are critical to the effective functioning of the Internet economy. In this study, I investigate the representativeness of online review distributions to examine how extremity bias and conformity impact it and explore whether online review solicitations alter representativeness. Past research on extreme distribution of online ratings commonly relied solely on observed public online ratings. One strength of the current paper is that I observe the private satisfaction ratings of customers regardless of whether they choose to write an online review or not. I show that both extremity bias and conformity exist in unsolicited online word-of-mouth (WOM) and introduce online review solicitations as a mechanism that can partially de-bias ratings. Solicitations increase all customers’ engagement in online WOM, but if solicited, those with moderate experiences increase their engagement more than those with extreme experiences. Consequently, although extremity bias still exists in solicited online WOM, solicitations significantly increase the representativeness of rating distributions. Surprisingly, the results demonstrate that without conformity, unsolicited online WOM would be even less representative of the original customer experiences. Furthermore, I document that both solicited and unsolicited reviews equally overstate the average customer experience (compared with average private ratings) despite stark differences in their rating distributions. Finally, I establish that solicitations for reviews on the company-owned website, on average, decrease the number of one-star reviews on a third-party review platform. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
Do corpo como objeto ao ser no mundo: sobre o primeiro capítulo da primeira parte da "Fenomenologia da Percepção", de M. Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Barki Minkovicius Dani 
Published: October 2020

Este texto pretende comentar o primeiro capítulo, O corpo como objeto e a fisiologia mecanicista, da primeira parte, O corpo, da Fenomenologia da Percepção de M. Merleau-Ponty, de modo a não só acompanhar o movimento descritivo desse texto em questão, como também, e principalmente, situá-lo em relação à obra como um todo. Sendo assim, visamos operar, junto ao filósofo, a crítica ao corpo como objeto e a passagem, desta orientação, ao ser no mundo, revelando o sentido desta descrição e enfatizando a dimensão constituinte da perspectiva fenomenológica de Merleau-Ponty, uma “fenomenologia da gênese”, naquilo que permite retornar ao pré-objetivo, realizar a passagem deste ao objetivo, constituir a ambiguidade e o sentido de ambos, e compreender o significado e o lugar do corpo, da crítica ao “objeto” e do alcance do ser no mundo nesse projeto fenomenológico mais amplo. No que, enfim, faz destacar a temporalidade como fundamental no mundo fenomenológico, em geral, e nessa passagem, do começo da obra, do corpo como objeto ao ser no mundo, em particular.
Examination of Realism in a High-Fidelity Tractor Driving Simulator
Authors: Faust Kayla , Casteel Carri , McGehee Daniel V. , Ramirez Marizen , Rohlman Diane S. , Peek-Asa Corinne 
Published: October 2020

HighlightsDescribes the creation of a new high-fidelity tractor driving simulator.Describes the perceived realism of a tractor driving simulator among 99 Midwestern farm equipment operators.Examines how farm equipment operator characteristics affect perceived realism of a tractor driving simulator.Discusses potential improvements for future generations of tractor driving simulators.Abstract. Transportation-related incidents are the leading cause of occupational fatalities for all industries in the U.S., including the agricultural industry, which suffers thousands of crashes involving farm equipment each year. Simulated driving studies offer a safe and cost-effective way to conduct driving research that would not be feasible in the real world. A tractor driving miniSim was developed and then evaluated for realism at the University of Iowa among 99 Midwestern farm equipment operators. It is important for driving simulators to have a high degree of realism for their results to be applicable to non-simulated driving operations. High-fidelity driving simulators facilitate extrapolations made by driving research but should be re-tested for realism when changes are made to the design of the simulator. The simulator used in this study emulated a tractor cab with realistic controls, three high-resolution screens, and high-fidelity sound. After completing a 10-minute drive, farm equipment operators completed a survey and scored four specific domains assessing specific characteristics (i.e., appearance, user interface, control, and sound) of the tractor simulator’s realism using a seven-point Likert scale (from 0 = not at all realistic to 6 = completely realistic). An overall realism score and domain scores were calculated. Farm equipment operators were also asked to provide recommendations for improving the tractor miniSim. Overall, farm equipment operators rated the simulator’s realism favorably (i.e., &gt;3 on a scale from 0 to 6) for all individual items and domains. The appearance domain received the highest average realism score (mean = 4.58, SD = 1.03), and the sound domain received the lowest average realism score (mean = 3.86, SD = 1.57). We found no significant differences in realism scores across farm equipment operator characteristics. The most frequently suggested improvements were to tighten the steering wheel (27%), make the front tires visible (19%), and that no improvements were needed to improve the simulator realism (18%). This study demonstrates that the new tractor miniSim is a viable approach to studying farm equipment operations and events that can lead to tractor-related crashes. Future studies should incorporate the suggested improvements and seek to validate the simulator as a research and outreach instrument. Keywords: Driving simulator, Farm equipment operators, Realism, Tractors.
Neoliberalism, healthism and moral judgements: a psychosocial approach to class
Authors: Aamann Iben Charlotte 
Published: October 2020

This article explores how a psychosocial approach to class can shed light on the ways in which neoliberal governmentality works through moral judgements and how different emotions within a ‘regime of judgements’ are rooted in class relations.
First, I look at sociological arguments about health in terms of the risk logic of healthism and theories about the neoliberal imperative of moral value display in order to build a theoretical framework on a key feature of neoliberalism: the field of moral judgements. Second, I look at psychosocially oriented class theories, which specify morality and respectability as key features of class.
I then illustrate the theoretical points through two empirical cases consisting of two very different mothers, involved in their six-year-old children’s start in the final preschool class. Two theoretical concepts unfold in dialogue with the cases and the psychosocial approach: habitus’ emotional implications and class consciousness understood as a sense of being judged. I show how, for the privileged middle-class mother, judging is associated with a feeling of entitlement and moral superiority, while the less privileged mother seems to feel a judgemental gaze, and is thus uncomfortable and nervous in relation to moral judgements of respectability.
The article concludes that the psychosocial potential lies in exploring both how class morals currently shape subjectivity and how the emotional implications of this are drivers of the ways in which neoliberal governmentality relies on moral judgements related to healthism, risk and responsibilisation.
Toward the Development of Iteration Procedures for the Interval-Based Simulation of Fractional-Order Systems
Authors: Rauh Andreas , Kersten Julia 
Published: October 2020

In many fields of engineering as well as computational physics, it is necessary to describe dynamic phenomena which are characterized by an infinitely long horizon of past state values. This infinite horizon of past data then influences the evolution of future state trajectories. Such phenomena can be characterized effectively by means of fractional-order differential equations. In contrast to classical linear ordinary differential equations linear fractional-order models have frequency domain characteristics with amplitude responses that deviate from the classical integer multiples of ±20 dB per frequency decade and, respectively, deviate from integer multiples of ±π/2 in the limit values of their corresponding phase response. Although numerous simulation approaches have been developed in recent years for the numerical evaluation of fractional-order models with point-valued initial conditions and parameters, the robustness analysis of such system representations is still a widely open area of research. This statement is especially true if interval uncertainty is considered with respect to initial states and parameters. Therefore, this paper summarizes the current state-of-the-art concerning the simulation-based analysis of fractional-order dynamics with a restriction to those approaches that can be extended to set-valued (interval) evaluations for models with bounded uncertainty. Especially, it is shown how verified simulation techniques for integer-order models with uncertain parameters can be extended toward fractional counterparts. Selected linear as well as nonlinear illustrating examples conclude this paper to visualize algorithmic properties of the suggested interval-based simulation methodology and point out directions of ongoing research.
Bolsonarismo: a necropolítica brasileira como pacto entre fascistas e neoliberais
Authors: Silva Júnior João dos Reis , Fargoni Everton Henrique Eleutério 
Published: October 2020

O texto analisa as mudanças e crises no sistema político brasileiro e suas consequências na sociedade civil e produção científica com a vitória de Bolsonaro nas eleições [presidenciais] de 2018. A partir da discussão de elementos históricos e recentes, este artigo busca compreender e debater as razões e transformações na sociedade brasileira que formaram o intento eleitoral que caracterizaram o Bolsonarismo. Mostra que este movimento é também responsável por um dos períodos mais dramáticos para a história política do país. Finaliza analisando a ruptura da estabilidade política brasileira, ataques às instituições, crise econômica e politização da ciência sob ataque ideológico por meio do pendular estreitamento do Bolsonarismo com o fascismo.
The effects of sports participation on internet addiction of high school students
Authors: Aycan Ali , Üzüm Hanifi 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sport participation status on internet addiction of high school students. The sample group consisted of total 430 students (220 licensed student athletes and 210 non-athletes) from 10 different high schools in Bolu center. Research data were obtained by “Young Internet Addiction Test Short Form” (YIBT-KF) which was adapted to Turkish by Kutlu Savcı, Demir ve Arslan (2016). Internal consistency of the scale was calculated as α= 0.93 in this study. The results of this study showed that a) internet addiction levels of male students were lower than female students, b) internet addiction levels of athlete students were lower than non-athlete students, c) academic success for athlete students were more positive effect in internet addiction and d) the negative effect of long-term usage a smart phone had less negative effect on internet addiction level of athlete students. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Bu çalışmada, lise öğrencilerinin spora katılım durumlarının internet bağımlılıklarına etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bolu merkezindeki 10 farklı liseden toplam 430 öğrenci (220 lisanlı spor yapan ve 210 lisanslı olarak spor yapmayan) çalışmanın örneklem grubunu oluşmuştur. Çalışma verilerinin toplanmasında, Kutlu, Savcı, Demir ve Arslan (2016) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi Kısa Formu” (YİBT-KF) kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma için ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlılık değerleri ise α=0.93 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada, a) spor yapan öğrencilerin internet bağımlılıklarının yapmayanlardan daha düşük olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. b) erkek öğrencilerin internet bağımlılık düzeylerinin kadın öğrencilerden daha düşük olduğu, c) spor yapanlarda yapmayanlara göre akademik başarının internet bağımlılığında daha etkili olduğu ve d) spor yapanlarda yapmayanlara göre cep telefonu kullanım yılının internet bağımlılığına etkisinin daha az olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Household-Level Effects of Energy Insecurity on Welfare in Southern Africa: A Malawian Case Study
Authors: Mkomba Fydess Khundi , Saha Akshay Kumar , Wali Umaru Garba 
Published: October 2020

The debate of energy security has, over the past decades, centered on supply factors within the energy policy framework in the public policy discourse. Much more empirical evidence is required to fully understand the household-level effects of energy security on development outcomes. This paper explores the characteristics of the households that face energy insecurity and also analyze the effects of energy insecurity on household welfare using the recent data from the Malawi Fourth Integrated Household Survey(IHS4) 2016-2017. Overall, 42.58% of Malawian households were found to be energy insecure and the study findings show that the energy insecure were a heterogenous group compared to the energy secure. The heterogeneity exist because of differences in demographics (likely to be advanced in age, likely to be females, less likely to have a household head with formal education); socioeconomic status (likely to be poor, had low wealth levels); geography (likely to be rural dwellers in the central and southern parts of Malawi); housing and dwelling status (less likely to be renters, less likely to be found in permanent or semi-permanent buildings that have iron sheets and cement floor). Additional results from econometric analysis showed that energy insecure households reduced their food consumption by 2.3% for each 1% unit increase in the share of the energy costs in their total household budget. Similarly, on the education outcome, the energy insecure households reduced their education expenditure by 3.6% for each 1% unit increase in the share of the energy costs over the total household expenditure. These findings show that energy security plays a key role towards improvement of household welfare in general as this might have short term and long-term negative implications on human capital development.
Evaluation of the Association between Programmed Cell Death-1 Gene Polymorphisms and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Susceptibility in Turkish Subjects. A Pilot Study
Authors: Demirci Abdullah Fatih , Demirtas Coskun Ozer , Eren Fatih , Yilmaz Demet , Keklikkiran Caglayan , Ozdogan Osman Cavit , Gunduz Feyza 
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims: Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) has a vital role in regulating T-cell function, and immune escape mechanism of cancer cells. It was shown that there could be a relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PD-1 gene and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on various studies. We aimed to investigate the role of three SNPs within the PD-1 gene in susceptibility to HCC in the Turkish population.
Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of PD-1.1, 1.5, and 1.6 were genotyped by using TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assays in blood samples of 137 HCC and 136 control subjects, matched for age and gender. The genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies were compared in HCC and control groups using logistic regression analysis.
Results: Genotype distributions of PD-1.1, PD-1.5 and PD-1.6 SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant difference was observed in the genotype distribution of PD-1.1, PD-1.5 and PD-1.6 polymorphisms among gender and age-matched HCC (M/F: 96/41; mean age: 61.4 ±11.7 years) and control group (M/F: 94/42; mean age: 61.4±10.1). In the haplotype analysis of PD-1.1/PD-1.5/PD-1.6, no significant difference was found among HCC and control group adjusted for sex and age (all p values>0.1).
Conclusion: Our findings, firstly reporting the association of PD-1.5 polymorphism with HCC, and PD-1.1 and PD-1.6 with HCC in the Turkish population, suggest that PD-1 polymorphisms are not predisposing factors for HCC development. Future studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnic populations are required to validate our findings.
Clinical and Manometric Characteristics of Patients with Achalasia: One Disease with Three Presentations or Three Diseases with One Presentation?
Authors: Surdea-Blaga Teodora , David Liliana , Pop Andrei , Tantau Marcel , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian 
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims: The three manometric patterns of achalasia are considered by some authors as different stages in the evolution of the same disorder. The aims of our study were to characterize patients with achalasia, in order to find key differences supporting the idea of progression from one type to the other, and to assess the clinical evolution in time.
Methods: From 280 high resolution esophageal manometry recordings we selected unique patients with achalasia. A standardized questionnaire used prior to each manometry recorded their symptoms. Manometric parameters (resting lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, 4s-integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), length of the esophagus, etc.) were recorded. Patients were contacted to establish the clinical evolution.
Results: We identified 108 new achalasia cases (mean age 48.2±16.2 years, 52.8% type I, 42.6% type II), 52 (48.1%) women. Dysphagia (98.1%), cough (64.8%), belching (60.2%) and reflux symptoms (53.7%) were frequently reported. Patients with type I achalasia reported more often that dysphagia worsened, compared to type II patients (χ2=7.3, p =0.007). Age, duration of dysphagia, body mass index (p=0.067) and esophageal length were similar in type I and type II achalasia. Resting LES pressure (64.7±22.6 mmHg vs. 54.3±21.6 mmHg, p=0.019) and 4s-IRP (45.3±17.6 mmHg vs. 38.4±15.5 mmHg, p=0.036) were higher in type II compared to type I achalasia. Overweight patients had a lower LES resting pressure and 4s-IRP compared to lean subjects. After a mean follow-up of 36.8±13.4 months, 49 (45.3%) patients responded to our follow-up, and 77.5% had an Eckardt score ≤ 3.
Conclusions: Type I achalasia was the most common in our group. Type I patients had lower BMI but similar duration of dysphagia and mean age compared to type II. Type III is seldom and present in older patients. These findings suggest low probability of progression from type III and II to type I achalasia. Patients with type II achalasia had higher resting LES pressure and 4s-IRP than type I achalasia patients.