bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Relationship between Occupational Acid Exposure and Oral Health in Workplace
Authors: Chen Wei-Liang , Chen Yuan-Yuei , Wu Wei-Te , Lai Ching-Huang , Sun Yu-Shan , Wang Chung-Ching 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Acid mist can suspend in the air and enter the body via skin contact, the respiratory tract, or even oral intake, which pose various health hazards. Previous studies have shown that occupational exposure to acid mist or acidic solutions is a major risk factor for oral diseases. However, the findings are inconsistent and do not consider individual factors and lifestyles that may cause the same oral diseases. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive oral health survey and collected detail information to confirm the effect of acidic solution exposure on worker’s oral health. Methods: The study selected enterprises in the metal surface treatment or electroplating industries in Taiwan that employed 300 or more employees and were willing to participate in this survey. Each enrolled subject underwent a questionnaire and comprehensive teeth and oral mucosa examination by a team of qualified and uniformed trained dentists. Oral clinical mirrors and community periodontal index (CPI)-type millimetric probe clinical data were collected according to the World Health Organization (WHO) dental caries diagnostic criteria. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 309 subjects participated was surveyed. Results: The results showed that acid exposure was correlated with soft oral tissue injury rather than hard oral tissue in our survey. Besides, halitosis and age were positive associated with periodontal disease and use of dental floss reduced the risk of periodontal disease. After correcting for major factors, such as age, sex, smoking, drinking, and chewing areca, acid exposure was still statistically related to periodontal disease in LA (loss of attachment) index by 3.27-fold (p = 0.00, CI 1.69 - 6.34). Conclusion: This study showed that occupational acid exposure during acidic solution work was an independent risk factor for periodontal disease. It is important to strengthen occupational hazard control, educate workers on oral disease and related factors, and raise the awareness of oral hygiene.
Associations between family functioning, acculturative stress, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth
Authors: Figueroa Roger , Isasi Carmen R , Perreira Krista M , McClain Amanda , Gallo Linda C , Sotres Daniela , Delamater Alan M , Daviglus Martha , Horn Linda Van , Mattei Josiemer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background. Maintaining a bond with one’s family as well coping with stress while acculturating to the US may protect Hispanic/Latino youth from increased sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption. This study aims to examine associations between acculturative stress, family functioning, and SSB consumption by acculturation status among U.S. Hispanic/Latino youth. Methods. With data on 1,465 youth 8-16y (49.6% females) participating in the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth, we classified youths into four acculturation groups – assimilated, integrated, marginalized/separated, and unclassified. SSB consumption was assessed through two 24-hour diet recalls and defined as intake frequency of soda, fruit juice, sweetened soft and fruit drinks. Multi-group path regression models were used to test associations of Hispanic/Latino youth’ acculturative stress and family functioning with SSB consumption, as well as the moderating role of acculturation status. Results. When controlling for age, sex, and study site, acculturative stress (β = -0.13, p = 0.01) was inversely associated with SSB, and poor family functioning (β = 0.11, p = 0.07) was only marginally associated with SSB consumption among youth classified as assimilated but not among youth classified as integrated, marginalized/separated, or unclassified. Conclusions. A socio-ecological perspective that incorporates the role of key acculturation-related factors across multiple levels may aid efforts to identify mechanisms that influence the relationship between acculturation status and diet among Hispanic/Latino youth and their families.
Maternal age influence in human colostrum fat composition
Authors: Morceli Glilciane , Moraes Lucas Lima de , Campos Letícia Aguiar de , Polettini Jossimara , Saeki Erika Kushikawa , Keller Rogéria , Ferrari Denise Vasconcelos de Jesus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Colostrum is the first milk secretion produced and contains the nutrients necessary for the development of the neonate. Objectives: To compare the chemical level of colostrum fats from adolescent nursing mothers and those of advanced maternal age and to describe their gestational characteristics. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study, including 98 nursing adolescent mothers (up to 24 years of age) and 33 nursing mothers of advanced maternal age (over 35) attending the Maternity Hospital of Presidente Prudente. Colostrum samples were obtained through manual extraction between 48 and 72 hours postpartum. The determination of fats and calories was performed by means of the Creamatocrit technique. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test. Results: The mean age of the nursing mothers of advanced maternal age was 37 years, statistically higher than that of the adolescent mothers with a mean age of 20 years. In total, 66.3% of the adolescent nursing mothers were primiparous and 66.7% of the mothers of advanced maternal age underwent a cesarean delivery. Gestational BMI was statistically higher in the women of advanced maternal age (31.3±5.6 vs 26.06±3.6). Although the colostrum fat and cream composition was significantly higher in nursing mothers of advanced maternal age, the number of calories was similar between the groups. Conclusion: Advanced maternal age influenced gestational BMI and the biochemical composition of colostrum and its components.
Relationship between time-varying status of reflux esophagitis and Helicobacter pylori and progression to long-segment Barrett’s esophagus: time-dependent Cox proportional-hazards analysis
Authors: Usui Genki , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Jinno Toyohisa , Fujibayashi Kazutoshi , Morikawa Teppei , Gunji Toshiaki , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background:
Reflux esophagitis (RE) and absence of Helicobacter pylori (non-H. pylori) are considered to be associated with the progression to long-segment Barrett’s esophagus (LSBE). However, it is difficult to assess this association because RE and H. pylori status can change during follow-up. Additionally, the association between H. pylori eradication and LSBE remains unclear.
Methods:
A total of 11,493 asymptomatic Japanese subjects who underwent medical check-ups and were endoscopically diagnosed with short-segment Barrett’s esophagus (SSBE) between May 2006 and December 2015 were enrolled. The hazards of progression to LSBE were compared between time-varying RE and H. pylori infection/eradication by time-dependent multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
A total of 7,637 subjects who underwent additional medical check-ups after being diagnosed with endoscopic SSBE were analyzed. Subjects with RE and without current/past H. pylori infection were strongly associated with a higher rate of progression to LSBE (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 7.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.48–20.73, p < 0.001 for RE and non-H. pylori vs. non-RE and H. pylori groups). Subjects with H. pylori had a lower rate of progression to LSBE (adjusted HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.22–1.07, p = 0.07 for H. pylori vs. non-H. pylori). Hazards of progression to LSBE were still lower in the H. pylori eradication group than that of the non-H. pylori group (adjusted HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.18–1.46, p = 0.21).
Conclusions
RE and non-H. pylori were associated with the progression to LSBE, considering the changes in exposures. H. pylori eradication may not increase the rate of progression to LSBE.
Is precariousness the blind spot of prevention and treatment of the use of psychoactive substances?
Authors: Chossegros Philippe , Nino Fiorant Di 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and aims: Prevalence of the use of psychoactive substances is high in precarious populations. Yet the influence of precariousness on the trajectory of drug users (DUs) has rarely been studied. For the first time, we conducted such a study with a representative group of DUs.Methods: We combined a recruitment through a respondent driven sampling (RDS) with a 250 items questionnaire. The answers of our sample of 327 UDs were studied according to a precariousness score (PS).Results: The prevalence of precariousness ranged from low PS 48.9 %, average PS 30.9 % to high PS 20.2 %. Access to health services at the time of our survey concerned 61.8 % of DUs. Its prevalence was lower among DUs with the highest precariousness score (Low PS 72.5 %, Average PS 61.4 %, High PS 36.4 %) with an Odds ratio of 5.01 (CI95% 2.52-9.97; p<0.0001) between low and high PS for a continuous follow-up. A higher dropout rate was also observed among the highest PS (p<0.0001).Despite differences in their socio-economic characteristics, DUs represented a homogeneous community with respect to their use of drugs. The more precarious DUs were younger, had an earlier age of initiation of injection, of experimentation of cannabis, alcohol, heroin as well as diverted opioid substitution treatments (OST). They had a more frequent and durable use of alcohol. Precariousness was also associated with lower educational levels, less contacts with one’s parents, less search for information on the Internet for drugs and GPs for health and more housing and social rights as plans for the future.Conclusion: In France, despite the fact that specialized care is free of charge, the lower access to for the most precarious DUs and their higher drop-out rates suggest that it is not adapted to their demand, which is more oriented towards socio-economic problems than towards drug use or harm reduction. This observation is all the more important as it concerns the youngest users. Our data suggest that precariousness influences the course of drug addiction from its onset. Lack of consideration of this population limits the ability to develop effective health policies.
Early Detection of Sepsis Using Artificial Intelligence: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Pepic Ivana , Feldt Robert , Ljungström Lars , Torkar Richard , Dalevi Daniel , Söderholm Hanna Maurin , Andersson Lars-Magnus , Axelson-Fisk Marina , Bohm Katarina , Sjöqvist Bengt Arne , Candefjord Stefan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. To decrease the high case fatality rates and morbidity for sepsis and septic shock, there is a need to increase the accuracy of early detection of suspected sepsis in prehospital and emergency department settings. This may be achieved by developing risk prediction decision support systems based on artificial intelligence. Methods: The overall aim of this scoping review is to summarize the literature on existing methods for early detection of sepsis using artificial intelligence. The review will be performed using the framework formulated by Arksey and O’Malley and further developed by Levac and colleagues. To identify primary studies and reviews that are suitable to answer our research questions, a comprehensive literature collection will be compiled by searching several sources. Databases/web search engines that will be used are PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and ACM Digital Library. Furthermore, clinical studies that have completed patient recruitment and reported results found in the database ClinicalTrials.gov will be considered. The term artificial intelligence is viewed broadly and a wide range of machine learning and mathematical models suitable as base for decision support will be evaluated. Two members of the team will test the framework on a sample of included studies to ensure that the coding framework is suitable and can be consistently applied. Analysis of collected data will provide a descriptive summary and thematic analysis. The reported results will convey knowledge about the state of current research and innovation for using artificial intelligence to detect sepsis in early phases of the medical care chain. Ethics and dissemination: The methodology used here is based on the use of publicly available information and does not need ethical approval. It aims at aiding further research towards digital solutions for disease detection and health innovation. Results will be extracted into a review report for submission to a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Results will be shared with relevant local and national authorities and disseminated in additional appropriate formats such as conferences, lectures, and press releases.
Trends in global research on Sanitation: A 30-year perspective from 1990 to 2019
Authors: huang li , zhou mi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Sanitation issues have aroused widespread concern around the world, and scholars began research in this area as early as the 1920s. After decades of development, there is a great amount of research on this topic, and the body of research continues to grow rapidly.
Methods
Based on the Web of Science Core Collection databases from 1990–2019, this paper applies the bibliometric method to analyze the research characteristics and developments of scientific publications about sanitation. Visualized knowledge mapping is employed to investigate development status, scientific collaboration, involved disciplines, research hotspots and emerging trends of this field.
Results
The breadth and depth of sanitation studies has improved significantly as the number of related publications increases rapidly in the 21st century. The strength of developed countries is greater than that of developing countries; the comprehensive strength of the United States ranks first in the field, followed by England and Switzerland. This field is a highly interdisciplinary field that covers a wide range of interests, and institutional collaboration is increasing in this field. Keyword clustering analysis shows that the main research topics in the domain of sanitation could be summarized as: (a) drinking water; (b) sustainability; (c) biofilm; (d) epidemiology; and (e) WaSH. Meanwhile, keyword bursts analysis showed that the new research hotspots and research frontiers mainly concentrated on: (a) Sustainable development of sanitation services adapting to climate change; (b) Main determinants affecting child malnutrition; (c) Multinational research and model innovation; and (d) Evaluations on various aspects of performance.
Conclusions
Through in-depth analysis of sanitation research, this paper provides a better understanding of trends that have emerged over the past 30 years, and can serve as a reference for future research.
Socio-economic drivers of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cannon Lesley-Ann Lynnath , Oladimeji Kelechi Elizabeth , Goon Daniel Ter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a public health concern due to the high morbidity and mortality rates from the disease. The DR-TB is a multifaceted illness with expensive treatment regimens, toxic medications and most often the long duration of treatment constitutes a substantial financial burden on both infected patients and the health system. Despite significant research advances so far in the diagnosis and treatment, there is a paucity of synthesized evidence on how socio-economic factors are associated with DR-TB. This review aims to address this gap by synthesizing available evidence and data on the main socio-economic drivers of DR-TB infection in Africa.
Methods
We conducted a systematic search on PUBMED and Google Scholar databases from January 2011 to March 2020 using Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review approach. Our eligibility criteria only included systematic reviews and studies conducted with quantitative research methods (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort and randomized-control trials) in this review. We also considered studies conducted in Africa and focused on socio-economic factors influencing DR-TB burden in African countries. Data was extracted from all the studies that met the eligibility criteria based on the study’s objectives.
Results
Out of the 154 articles that were retrieved for review, 20 abstracts of these articles met all the eligibility criteria and were fully reviewed. Of the 20 articles, one was a mixed-method study, 16 quantitative and 3 reviews. The following themes were identified as major findings: Social and economic drivers associated with DR-TB. Substance abuse of which, stigma and discrimination were the prominent social drivers. Economic drivers included poverty, financial constraints because of job loss, loss of productive time during hospital admission and treatment costs.
Conclusion
Our findings provide insights on the socio-economic drivers of DR-TB burden. This is relevant to assist DR-TB management program and TB stakeholders in different settings to address identified socio-economic gaps and to reduce its negative impact on the programmatic management of DR TB. Therefore, redirecting strategies with more focus on socio-economic empowerment of DR-TB patients could be one of the innovative solutions to reduce the spread and eliminate DR-TB in Africa.
An Investigation Into The Livelihoods Strategies Of Informal Women Traders In Zimbabwe
Authors: Takaza Stella , Chitereka Chipo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article investigated the livelihoods strategies of informal women traders doing business at flea markets in Zimbabwe. The study was conducted in Harare Province at a flea market near the Harare Central Business District. The study was informed by the Sustainable Livelihood Approach proffered by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Division (SIDA, 2001) for Policy and Socio-Economic Analysis. A qualitative design was utilised and data was gathered through interviews, focus group discussions and observations during transect walks. The specific objectives of the study included the following; to discover micro credit schemes used by the informal women traders doing business at this particular flea market, to explore the impact of microcredit schemes as pathways towards poverty eradication amongst informal women traders; to examine the survival and coping challenges experienced by women doing business under socio-economic environment hardships and finally, to determine possible interventions and sustainable strategies that could be used to out-scale and throw a lifeline to the informal women traders. The study revealed that while women informal traders engaged in diverse activities for their sustainable livelihoods strategies that eradicate poverty, vast majority of informal women traders encountered numerous challenges, resulting in them employing unpleasant survival and tough coping techniques. The study concluded that if financing institutions and Non Governmental Organizations could give them small funds for capacity building for local empowerment; this would help them to gain access and control of their sustainable livelihoods resources in a meaningful way. The study is therefore proposing sound policy interventions and sustainable strategies that could be used to empower informal women traders doing business at flea markets for them to gain access and full control over livelihoods resources in Zimbabwe.
Short Wave Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell Recruitment through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Signaling in Fracture Healing
Authors: Ye Dongmei , Chen Chen , Wang Qiwen , Zhang Qi , Li Sha , Liu Hongwei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: As a type of high-frequency electrotherapy, a short wave can promote the fracture healing process; yet, its underlying therapeutic mechanisms still remain unclear.Purpose: To observe the effect of short wave on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homing and its mechanisms associated with fracture healing.Materials and Methods: The effect of short wave on a fracture healing was examined in 40 rats. Stabilized femur fractures were established by intramedullary fixation; radiography was used to analyze the morphology and micro-architecture of the callus. Additionally, fluorescence assays were used to analyze the MSC migration after treatment in 20 nude mice with a femoral fracture. For in vitro study, osteoblast simulated fracture site was first irradiated by the short wave; siRNA targeting HIF-1 was used to investigate the role of HIF-1. Osteoblast cultured supernatant was then collected as chemotaxis content of MSC, and the migration of MSC was evaluated using wound healing assay and trans-well chamber test. The expression of HIF-1 and its related factors were quantified by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot.Results: Our in vivo experiment indicated that short wave could promote MSC migration, increase local and serum HIF-1 levels, induce changes in callus formation, and improve callus microarchitecture and mechanical properties, thus speeding up the healing process of the fracture site. Moreover, the in vitro results further indicated that short waves upregulated HIF-1 expression in osteoblast and increased HIF-1, SDF-1 protein levels in the supernatant, as well as the expression of CXCR-4, β-catenin, F-actin and phosphorylation levels of FAK in MSC. On the other hand, the inhibition of HIF-1α was significantly restrained by the inhibition of HIF-1α in osteoblast and it partially inhibited the migration of MSC.Conclusions: These results suggested that short wave could increase HIF-1 in callus, which is one of the crucial mechanisms of chemotaxis MSC homing in fracture healing.
De Novo Molecular Design of Caspase-6 Inhibitors by GRU-Based Recurrent Neural Network Combined with Transfer Learning Approach
Authors: Huang Shuheng , Mei Hu , Lu Laichun , Shi Tingting , Chen Linxin , Kuang Zuyin , Heng Yu , Xu Lei , Pan Xianchao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Due to the potencies in the treatments of neurodegenerative diseases, caspase-6 inhibitors have attracted widespread attentions. Herein, gated recurrent unit (GRU)-based recurrent neural network (RNN) combined with transfer learning was used to build the molecular generative model of caspase-6 inhibitors. The results showed that the GRU-based RNN model can learn accurately the SMILES grammars of about 2.4 million chemical molecules including ionic and isomeric compounds, and can generate potential caspase-6 inhibitors after transfer learning of the known 433 caspase-6 inhibitors. Further exploration of the chemical space and molecular docking showed that the generated potential inhibitors have similar chemical space distributions and binding mechanisms with the known caspase-6 inhibitors. In addition, 3 potential caspase-6 inhibitors with nanomolar-level activities were obtained and proved to be the most promising candidates for the further researches. In general, this paper provides an efficient combinational strategy for de novo molecular design of caspase-6 inhibitors.