bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High-Throughput Analytical Method for Determination of Aminoglycosides in Veal Tissues by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Automated Cleanup
Authors: Babin Yves , Fortier Serge 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method was developed for determining dihydrostreptomycin, gentamicin C1, and neomycin in veal kidney, liver, and muscle. The extraction prior to injection on the automated cleanup/analysis system is very simple, permitting preparation of 24 veal samples for analysis in half a day of work. The extracts are purified online on a reversed-phase column, with the help of an ion-pairing agent, and the analytes are separated on a Nucleosil C18 column prior to analyses by electrospray MS/MS. The cleanup is sufficient to minimize ion suppression/enhancement phenomena and permits quantification of the analytes extracted from veal tissues. Four secondary ions were measured for every analyte, which gives unambiguous identification of the compounds under analysis. Calibration curves were linear for all analytes between 50 and 5000 ppb, and recoveries in kidney were 76, 57, and 51, respectively, for dihydrostreptomycin, gentamicin C1, and neomycin. Estimated limits of detection for kidney were, respectively, 0.1, 0.1, and 0.4 ppb. When compared to an LC method with fluorescence detection, the method gave equivalent results for kidneys incurred with neomycin. This rugged method has been applied to the analysis of more than 1000 veal samples over a 1-year period.
Analytical Method Performance Evaluation (AMPE)A Software Tool for Analytical Method Validation
Authors: Acutis Marco , Trevisiol Patrizia , Confalonieri Roberto , Bellocchi Gianni , Grazioli Emanuele , Eede Guy Van Den , Paoletti Claudia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A Windows-based software tool [Analytical Method Performance Evaluation (AMPE)] was developed to support the validation of analytical methods. The software implements standard statistical approaches commonly adopted in validation studies to estimate analytical method performance (limits of detection and quantitation, accuracy, specificity, working range, and linearity of responses) according to ISO 5725. In addition, AMPE proposes the application of innovative and unique approaches for the assessment of analytical method performance. Specifically, AMPE proposes the use of difference-based indexes to quantify the agreement between measurements and reference values, the use of pattern indexes to quantify methods bias with respect to specific external variables, and the application of fuzzy logic to aggregate into synthetic indicators the information collected independently via the different performance statistics traditionally estimated in validation studies. Aggregated measures are particularly useful for methods comparison, when more than one method is available for a specific analysis and itmay be of interest to identify the best performing one taking into account, simultaneously, the information available from different performance statistics. Illustrative examples of the type of outputs expected from AMPE-based validation sessions are given. The extensive data handling capabilities and the wide range of statistics supplied in the software package makes AMPE suitable for specific needs that may arise in different validation studies. The installation package, complete with a fully documented help file, is distributed free of charge to interested users along with input files exemplary of the type of entry data required to run validation data analyses.
Application of Fractional Factorial Design and Doehlert Matrix in the Optimization of Experimental Variables Associated with the Ultrasonic-Assisted Acid Digestion of Chocolate Samples for Aluminum Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Jalbani Nusrat , Kazi Tasneem Gul , Jamali Muhammad Khan , Arain Muhammad Balal , Afridi Hassan Imran , Sheerazi Syed T , Ansari Rehana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple and rapid method based on ultrasound energy is described for the determination of aluminum (Al) in complex matrixes of chocolate and candy samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimization strategy was carried out using multivariate methodologies. Five variables (temperature of the ultrasonic bath; exposure time to ultrasound energy; volumes of 2 acid mixtures, HNO3H2SO4H2O2 (1 + 1 + 1) and HNO3H2O2 (1 + 1); and sample mass) were considered as factors in the optimization process. Interactions between analytical factors and their optimal levels were investigated using fractional factorial and Doehlert matrix designs. Validation of the ultrasonic-assisted acid digestion procedure was performed against standard reference materials, milk powder (SRM 8435) and wheat flour (SRM 1567a). The proposed procedure allowed Al determination with a detection limit of 2.3 g/L (signal-to-noise = 3) and a precision, calculated as relative standard deviation, of 2.2 for a set of 10 measurements of certified samples. The recovery of Al by the proposed procedure was close to 100, and no significant difference at the 95 confidence level was found between determined and certified values of Al. The proposed procedure was applied to the determination of Al in chocolate and candy samples. The results indicated that cocoa-based chocolates have higher contents of Al than milkand sugar-based chocolates and candies.
Determination of Some Aldehydes by Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Singh Baldev , Malik Ashok Kumar , Tiwary Dhananjay K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new approach has been developed for the extraction and determination of aldehydes such as veratraldehyde, m-nitrobenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and p-chlorobenzaldehyde by using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC/UV). The method involves adsorption of the aldehydes on polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzenecoated fiber, followed by desorption in the desorption chamber of the SPME-HPLC interface, using acetonitrilewater (70 + 30) as the mobile phase; UV detection was at 254 nm. A good separation of 5 aldehydes was obtained on a C18 column. The detection limits of veratraldehyde, m-nitrobenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and p-chlorobenzaldehyde are 25, 41, 13, 12, and 11 pg/mL, respectively, which are about 100 times better than the detection limits for other SPME methods using gas chromatography. The proposed method was validated by determining benzaldehyde in bitter almonds and cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon bark. The recoveries of the 5 analytes were determined by analysis of spiked drinking water.
Real-Time PCR for Quantitative Detection of Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) and Pyrenean Ibex (Capra pyrenaica) in MeatMixtures
Authors: Fajardo Violeta , Gonzlez Isabel , Martn Irene , Rojas Mara , Hernndez Pablo E , Garca Teresa , Martn Rosario 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was developed for the quantification of chamois and pyrenean ibex DNAs in meat mixtures by using a SYBR green detection platform. Two species-specific systems and a eukaryotic endogenous system were combined in the real-time PCR approach to quantify the target species. In the specific systems, a 133 base pair (bp) fragment of the 12S rRNA gene was amplified from chamois DNA, and an 88 bp fragment from the D-loop region was amplified from pyrenean ibex DNA. In the endogenous system, universal primers amplified a 141 bp fragment on the nuclear 18S rRNA gene from eukaryotic DNA. The threshold cycle values obtained with the 18S rRNA primers were used to normalize those obtained from chamois- or pyrenean ibex-specific systems, serving as endogenous control for the total content of PCR-amplifiable DNA in the sample. Analysis of experimental raw and heat-treated binary mixtures of chamois and pyrenean ibex meat in a swine meat matrix demonstrated the suitability of the assay for the detection and quantification of the target DNAs in the range of 0.10.8, depending on the species and treatment of the meat samples.
Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction in the Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Fish Muscle Samples
Authors: Barriada-Pereira Mercedes , Iglesias-García Iván , Gonzlez-Castro María J , Muniategui-Lorenzo Soledad , López-Maha Purificación , Prada-Rodríguez Daro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a comparative study of 2 extraction methods, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fish muscle samples. In both cases, samples were extracted with hexaneacetone (50 + 50), and the extracts were purified by solid-phase extraction using a carbon cartridge as the adsorbent. Pesticides were eluted with hexaneethyl acetate (80 + 20) and determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Both methods demonstrated good linearity over the range studied (0.0050.100 g/mL). Detection limits ranged from 0.029 to 0.295 mg/kg for PLE and from 0.003 to 0.054 mg/kg for MAE. For most of the pesticides, analytical recoveries with both methods were between 80 and 120, and the relative standard deviations were &lt;10. The proposed methods were shown to be powerful techniques for the extraction of OCPs from fish muscle samples. Although good recovery rates were obtained with both extraction methods, MAE provided advantages with regard to sample handling, cost, analysis time, and solvent consumption. Acceptable validation parameters were obtained although MAE was shown to be more sensitive than PLE.
Proposed Modifications to AOAC 996.06, Optimizing the Determination of Trans Fatty Acids: Presentation of Data
Authors: Rozema Brent , Mitchell Barbara , Winters Doug , Kohn Andrew , Sullivan Darryl , Meinholz Erin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The increased focus on the accuracy of Trans fatty acid data generated using current methodologies has resulted in research initiatives to optimize the quality of these assays. In this study, scientists combined the established methodology from AOAC 996.06 and the American Oil Chemists Society method Ce 1h-05, as well as other independent research. As a result, method modifications are proposed that could allow for a more accurate determination of Trans fat than the current AOAC 996.06 method. Validation data from this study are presented. The authors encourage peer review and offer to facilitate a collaborative validation to update AOAC 996.06.
Stability of Chosen Beta-Adrenolytic Drugs of Different Polarity in Basic Environment
Authors: Kwiecień Anna , Krzek Jan , Ylewski Marek 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The stability of atenolol, acebutolol, and propranolol was investigated in sodium hydroxide solutions at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 M at 3 temperatures ranging from 37 to 95C. The degradation processes that occurred in drugs under investigation were described with kinetic parameters (k, t0.1, and t0.5) and energy of activation (Ea). It was found that the stability of the drugs increased toward lipophilic propranolol in the assumed experimental model. The rate constants k decreased, contrary to t0.1, t0.5, and Ea, which varied comparably to log P (partition coefficient), thus increasing from the most hydrophilic atenolol, through acebutolol of lower polarity, to the most lipophilic propranolol. The identification of degradation products was performed with the application of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and thin-layer chromatographydensitometry and data from the literature.
Comparative Validation Study to Demonstrate the Equivalence of a Minor Modification to AOAC Method 999.09 [Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for Salmonella] to the Reference Culture Methods
Authors: Feldsine Philip T , Kerr David E , Shen George S , Lienau Andrew H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for the Detection of Salmonella in Foods, AOAC Official Method 999.09, has been modified to use a simplified housing for the device. A methods comparison study was conducted to demonstrate the equivalence of this modification to the reference culture method. Three foods were analyzed. In total, valid results were obtained from 125 samples and controls. Results showed that the modified VIP for Salmonella is equivalent to the reference culture methods for the detection of Salmonella.
Development of a Potential Reference Material for Evaluating Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Luthria Devanand L , Vinyard Bryan T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Phenolic phytochemical are known to perform several functions ranging from phytoprotectants, to protecting lipids in food products, to antioxidant activity in animals and humans. The need for a common standard mixture containing multiple phenolic phytochemicals is critical for the development of a robust validation assay for accurately quantifying antioxidant activity in various matrixes. Different research groups have used A wide array of single purified reference phenolic compounds in this regard. A 5 compound mixture (caffeic acid, morin hydrate, hesperetin, catechin hydrate, and epigallocatechin gallate) containing phenolic compounds from 4 subgroups (phenolic acid, flavone, flavanone, and flavan-3-ol) was prepared. The mixture was assayed for stability evaluation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a diode array detection procedure for a 3 month time interval. HPLC analysis confirmed that there was no significant interaction between different components of the mixture. The among-sample relative standard deviation (RSD) of all 5 phenolic compounds, as well as the total HPLC area, was &lt;1. The RSD due to instrument variation was &lt;2 and the total RSD among-days was &lt;5. These results unambiguously suggest that the sample was stable for a 3 month time interval in an amber vial stored in a refrigerator below 5C. This mixture is currently being used for the single-laboratory validation study for the assay of total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant capacity by oxygen radical absorbing capacity procedure.
Improving Industrial Full-Scale Production of Baker's Yeast by Optimizing Aeration Control
Authors: Blanco Carlos A , Rayo Julia , Giralda José M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This work analyzes the control of optimum dissolved oxygen of an industrial fed-batch procedure in which baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is grown under aerobic conditions. Sugar oxidative metabolism was controlled by monitoring aeration, molasses flows, and yeast concentration in the propagator along the later stage of the propagation, and keeping pH and temperature under controlled conditions. A large number of fed-batch growth experiments were performed in the tank for a period of 16 h, for each of the 3 manufactured commercial products. For optimization and control of cultivations, the growth and metabolite formation were quantified through measurement of specific growth and ethanol concentration. Data were adjusted to a model of multiple lineal regression, and correlations representing dissolved oxygen as a function of aeration, molasses, yeast concentration in the broth, temperature, and pH were obtained. The actual influence of each variable was consistent with the mathematical model, further justified by significant levels of each variable, and optimum aeration profile during the yeast propagation was found.
Determination of Total Dietary Fiber in Selected Foods Containing Resistant Maltodextrin by a Simplified Enzymatic-Gravimetric Method and Liquid Chromatography: Interlaboratory Study in China
Authors: Fu Boqiang , Wang Jing , Roturier Jean Michel , Tang Zhiyu , Li Huan , Wei Guangyan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An interlaboratory study was conducted in China to validate the modified AOAC Official Method 2001.03 for the determination of total dietary fiber (TDF) in foods containing resistant maltodextrin (RMD), which will be adopted as the National Standard Method of China. The kind of buffer solution, the volume of filtrate evaporation, the volume of eluent for desalting and residual solution after evaporation, etc. were modified, which had been proved to have acceptable accuracy and precision in the routine assay. TDF contents in 3 representative foods and 2 kinds of RMD ingredient (i.e., NUTRIOSE 06 and NUTRIOSE 10) were measured using the modified method in 6 eligible laboratories representing commercial, industrial, and governmental laboratories in China. The results of the interlaboratory study indicated that the intralaboratory repeatability, interlaboratory reproducibility, and precision of the modified method are adequate for reliable analysis of TDF in food containing RMD, as well as resistant dextrin. Compared to AOAC Official Method 2001.03, the modified method is time- and cost-saving.
Purification of Pediocin PA-1 by Immunoaffinity Chromatography
Authors: Naghmouchi Karim , Drider Djamel , Fliss Ismail 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A one-step purification procedure for purifying pediocin PA-1, a class IIa bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus acidilactici UL5, was developed based on column immunoaffinity chromatography with specific antipediocin PA-1 polyclonal antibodies coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose. About 13.3 g/mL purified pediocin PA-1 was obtained from 15 mL P. acidilactici UL5 culture supernatant, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The specific activity and average recovery of the eluted pediocin PA-1 were about 6602 AU/mg and 53.3, respectively. This is the first report of successful purification of pediocin PA-1 by immunoaffinity using pediocin PA-1-specific polyclonal antibodies.
Need for Accurate and Standardized Determination of Amino Acids and Bioactive Peptides for Evaluating Protein Quality and Potential Health Effects of Foods and Dietary Supplements
Authors: Gilani G Sarwar , Xiao Chaowu , Lee Nora 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Accurate standardized methods for the determination of amino acid in foods are required to assess the nutritional safety and compositional adequacy of sole source foods such as infant formulas and enteral nutritionals, and protein and amino acid supplements and their hydrolysates, and to assess protein claims of foods. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), which requires information on amino acid composition, is the official method for assessing protein claims of foods and supplements sold in the United States. PDCAAS has also been adopted internationally as the most suitable method for routine evaluation of protein quality of foods by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. Standardized methods for analysis of amino acids by ion-exchange chromatography have been developed. However, there is a need to develop validated methods of amino acid analysis in foods using liquid chromatographic techniques, which have replaced ion-exchange methods for quantifying amino acids in most laboratories. Bioactive peptides from animal and plant proteins have been found to potentially impact human health. A wide range of physiological effects, including blood pressure-lowering effects, cholesterol-lowering ability, antithrombotic effects, enhancement of mineral absorption, and immunomodulatory effects have been described for bioactive peptides. There is considerable commercial interest in developing functional foods containing bioactive peptides. There is also a need to develop accurate standardized methods for the characterization (amino acid sequencing) and quantification of bioactive peptides and to carry out dose-response studies in animal models and clinical trials to assess safety, potential allergenicity, potential intolerance, and efficacy of bioactive peptides. Information from these studies is needed for determining the upper safe levels of bioactive peptides and as the basis for developing potential health claims for bioactive peptides. This information is, in turn, needed by regulatory agencies for developing appropriate policy and regulations on adding these substances to foods and for determining if health claims are scientifically substantiated.
Analysis of Soybean Protein-Derived Peptides and the Effect of Cultivar, Environmental Conditions, and Processing on Lunasin Concentration in Soybean and Soy Products
Authors: Wang Wenyi , Dia Vermont P , Vasconez Miguel , de Mejia Elvira Gonzalez , Nelson Randall L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Soybean, an important source of food proteins, has received increasing interest from the public because of its reported health benefits. These health benefits are attributed to its components, including isoflavones, saponins, proteins, and peptides. Lunasin, Bowman-Birk inhibitor, lectin, and -conglycinin are some of the biologically active peptides and proteins found in soybean. This article provides a comprehensive review on the recently used techniques in the analysis and characterization of food bioactive peptides, with emphasis on soybean peptides. The methods used to isolate and purify lunasin from defatted soybean flour were ion-exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration chromatography. The identity of lunasin was established by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight, and liquid chromatography. The results on the effect of soybean cultivar and environmental factors on lunasin concentration are also reported. The highest lunasin concentration, 11.7 0.3 mg/g flour, was found in Loda soybean cultivar grown at 23C; the lowest concentration, 5.4 0.4 mg/g flour, was found in Imari soybean cultivar grown at 28C. Lunasin concentration was affected by cultivartemperature, cultivarsoil moisture, and cultivartemperaturesoil moisture interactions. The variation on lunasin concentration suggests that its content can be improved by breeding, and by optimization of growing conditions. In summary, bioactive peptides can be accurately identified and quantified by using different techniques and conditions. In addition, lunasin concentration in soybean depends mainly on cultivar and to some extent on environmental factors, particularly temperature. Lunasin concentration in soy products was also affected by processing conditions.
Determination of Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of Peptides in Enzymatic Pea, Chickpea, and Mung Bean Protein Hydrolysates
Authors: Aluko Rotimi E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Within the primary structure of many pea and mung bean proteins are peptide sequences that can potentially be used in the formulation of therapeutic products for the treatment and prevention of human diseases. However, these peptide sequences need protease treatments before they can be released free of the parent proteins. Unlike chemical hydrolysis, enzymatic treatment enables more efficient tailoring of peptide products without formation of toxic by-products or destruction of amino acids. This review provides information on current methods that have been used to convert inactive pea and mung bean proteins into bioactive peptides. It focuses on 3 main bioactive properties, such as inhibitions of (1) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity; (2) calmodulin (CaM)-dependent enzymes; and (3) copper-chelating activity. ACE is an established marker for hypertension, high levels of some CaM-dependent enzymes are risk factors for various human diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's disease, and high vascular copper concentrations may potentiate atherosclerosis. Also reviewed are the production and evaluation of activity of hypoallergenic peptides that may offer protection against anaphylactic reactions. The 3 main proteins discussed are chickpea, mung bean, and field pea.