bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoribbon‐Based Flexible High‐Performance Transistors Fabricated at Room Temperature
Authors: Zumeit Ayoub , Navaraj William Taube , Shakthivel Dhayalan , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSi‐nanoribbon‐based high‐performance field‐effect transistors (FETs) with room temperature (RT)‐deposited dielectric are presented. The distinct feature of these devices is that the high‐quality SiNx dielectric deposition at RT, directly on the transfer‐printed nanoribbons, is compatible with most flexible substrates. The performance of these FETs (mobility ≈656 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off ratio >106) is on par with the highest performance of similar devices reported with high‐temperature processes, and significantly higher than devices reported with low‐temperature processes. The transfer and output characteristics of nanoribbon‐based field‐effect transistors under planar, tensile, and compressive bending and multiple bending cycles (100) show excellent mechanical stability of the devices as they retain performance. The device characteristics are also compared with the equivalent simulation data. The excellent response of nanoribbon‐based FETs and the fabrication compatibility with diverse flexible substrates makes the presented approach attractive for flexible electronics applications such as conformal tactile active matrix sensors for e‐skin, where high performance is needed.
Effect of seeding distance from subsurface banded poultry litter on corn yield and leaf greenness
Authors: Ashworth A.J. , Pote D.H. , Way T.R. , Watts D.B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPoultry litter is a nutrient‐rich soil amendment and is generated in large quantities throughout the southeastern United States where row crop production, such as corn (Zea maysL.) occurs. However, extensive surface poultry litter applications have resulted in nutrient losses to atmosphere and water systems. Research objectives were to determine optimum corn planting distance from subsurface‐applied poultry litter bands for maximizing plant N uptake and productivity under rainfed and irrigated conditions in a conservation tillage system. This experiment was conducted as a split‐block at two locations in Alabama and one in Arkansas during 2016. Irrigation was the whole block and soil amendments the split‐block, which included planting corn 13, 25, and 38 cm to the side of subsurface banded poultry litter, surface‐applied poultry litter, inorganic N (all received total N; 168 kg ha−1), and 0 kg N ha−1(control). Chlorophyll readings indicated inorganic fertilizers and the 25 cm resulted in greatest leaf greenness, which was not different from the 13‐cm litter band distance. Banding distance had no impact on rainfed forage yields; however, yields were not different from inorganic fertilizer applications. The 13‐cm band distance resulted in the greatest grain yield, which was not different from the inorganic‐N treatment. Grain neutral detergent fiber, crude fiber, and P and K fractions were all favorable for the 13‐cm band distance treatment. Yield and quality results suggest subsurface banding poultry litter 13 cm from corn rows may be a viable replacement for inorganic fertilizers in fodder and grain systems, particularly in organic production systems.
Regenerated cellulose aerogel: Morphology control and the application as the template for functional cellulose nanoparticles
Authors: Tang Yue , Wang Han‐Qing , Hou De‐Fa , Tan Huang , Yang Ming‐Bo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on controlling the morphology of regenerated cellulose aerogel (RCA) and its application as a template for the preparation of functional cellulose nanoparticles (FCNPs). RCA is prepared by lyophilizing cellulose hydrogel which is fabricated through a sol–gel method in sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/urea aqueous solution. The morphology of RCA is adjusted by varying the gelation temperature and time. With the gelation temperature and time increasing, lamellar RCA transforms into strings of cellulose nanoparticles. Subsequently, RCA with the morphology of "strings of nanoparticles" is modified through the bulk condensation of l‐lactic acid and RCA. Eventually, the prepared functionalized RCA (FRCA) is dispersed in an organic solvent to obtain purified FCNPs. The results demonstrate that single FCNP can be obtained by dispersing FRCA in dimethyl sulfoxide. Moreover, the prepared FCNPs have uniform size, good thermal‐stability, and increasing hydrophobicity, which are ideal candidates for polymer composites in terms of fillers.
Using occupancy models to assess the effectiveness of underwater cameras to detect rare stream fishes
Authors: Castañeda Rowshyra A. , Weyl Olaf L.F. , Mandrak Nicholas E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany conservation efforts for freshwater fishes have been undertaken; however, continuing the monitoring of both the distribution and the abundance of species to determine the effectiveness of these actions can be difficult. As species increase in rarity, they are more difficult to detect in the field, making inferences on occupancy less reliable.Conventional sampling methods, such as electrofishing and seining, require the physical handling of rare fishes, which may cause stress and mortality and, consequently, compromise conservation goals and limit monitoring programmes. Non‐invasive surveillance methods, including underwater video, are playing an increasingly important role.In this study, occupancy models were used to estimate the detection probability of underwater cameras as an alternative to the conventional sampling methods for rare stream fishes. Redside dace (Clinostomus elongatus), a small minnow listed as Endangered, was used as a model organism for rarity. A total of 69 historical redside dace sites were sampled using three sampling methods to determine the effect of gear type on detecting and identifying the habitat preferences of this rare minnow.On average, using multiple underwater cameras is as effective at detecting a rare minnow as conventional sampling methods (backpack electrofisher and seine) and causes no harm.The detection probability of both underwater cameras and backpack electrofishing were adversely affected by turbidity, whereas seining was positively affected by stream velocity. The probability of occupancy of redside dace is driven by open channels and sediment size, and this provides a strong basis for informing stream restoration projects.The use of multiple underwater cameras over conventional sampling methods is recommended when sampling for rare and endangered minnows in systems with low turbidity.
A pseudo time‐series reveals the rapid recovery and high variability of benthic macroinvertebrate populations following catchment wildfire
Authors: Monaghan Kieran A. , Machado Ana L. , Wrona Frederick J. , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe increasing risk of wildfire has focused attention on the timescale of the impact and recovery of river ecosystems and methods for their bioassessment.An 18‐year pseudo time‐series was exploited to document patterns in benthic macroinvertebrate impact and recovery and evaluate the efficacy of alternative metrics to assess fire damage. Macroinvertebrates were surveyed by kick‐sampling and data were collected on river habitats. Details of river catchments and wildfire were collated as a GIS database.Macroinvertebrate richness and abundance recovered rapidly, marked by a phase of dynamic increase, followed by relative stability (0–2 years and 3–18 years, respectively). Across sites, richness and abundance were best explained by time since fire.A biotic index of general river quality was ineffective as an indicator of fire damage. While a metric ofK‐selected taxa (Odonata richness) was generally indicative of fire‐affected assemblages, a contrasting metric ofr‐selected taxa (percentage of chironomids, baetids, and simuliids) was not.Ordination analysis revealed time as a significant determinant of community structure across sites; however, its overall statistical importance was eclipsed by habitat characteristics (water quality, shade, altitude, and latitude) that were associated with ecological variation across both recently affected sites and the putatively recovered communities.These results highlight the stochastic processes – environmental and ecological – that frame the macroinvertebrate response to wildfire. This probabilistic context emphasizes the difficulties of developing indicator taxa for wildfire bioassessment and reinforces the importance of standardized survey protocols and the use of contrasting metrics in the assessment of wildfire impact on the ecological quality of rivers.
Comparison of Aortitis Versus Noninflammatory Aortic Aneurysms Among Patients Who Undergo Open Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Quimson Laarni , Mayer Adam , Capponi Sarah , Rea Bryan , Rhee Rennie L. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveDistinguishing aortitis‐induced aneurysms from noninflammatory aortic aneurysms is difficult and often incidentally diagnosed on histologic examination after surgical repair. This study was undertaken to examine surgically diagnosed aortitis and identify patient characteristics and imaging findings associated with the disease.MethodsIn this case–control study, cases had newly diagnosed, biopsy‐proven noninfectious aortitis after open thoracic aortic aneurysm surgical repair. Five controls were matched with cases for year of surgery and lacked significant inflammation on surgical pathology analysis. Data on comorbidities, demographic characteristics, and laboratory and imaging abnormalities prior to surgery were collected. Associations between exposures and outcomes were evaluated using conditional logistic regression. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with aortitis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95%confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated.ResultsThe study included 262 patients (43 patients with aortitis and 219 controls). Patients with aortitis were older at the time of surgery, predominantly female, and less likely to have a history of coronary artery disease (CAD). Multivariable analysis revealed that aortitis was independently associated with an older age at the time of surgery (OR 1.08 [95%CI 1.03–1.13], P < 0.01), female sex (OR 2.36 [95%CI 1.01–5.51], P = 0.04), absence of CAD (OR 6.92 [95%CI 2.14–22.34], P = 0.04), a larger aneurysm diameter (OR 1.74 [95%CI 1.02–2.98], P = 0.04), and arterial wall thickening on imaging (OR 56.93 [95%CI 4.31–752.33], P < 0.01).ConclusionAmong patients who undergo open surgical repair of an aortic aneurysm, elderly women with no history of CAD who have evidence of other aortic or arterial wall thickening on imaging are more likely to have histologic evidence of aortitis. Patients with these characteristics may benefit from further rheumatologic evaluation.
Modeling and Simulation of the Pharmacokinetics and Target Engagement of an Antagonist Monoclonal Antibody to Interferon‐γ–Induced Protein 10, BMS‐986184, in Healthy Participants to Guide Therapeutic Dosing
Authors: Cai Weiguo , Leil Tarek A. , Gibiansky Leonid , Krishna Murli , Zhang Hongwei , Gu Huidong , Sun Huadong , Throup John , Banerjee Subhashis , Girgis Ihab 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBMS‐986184 is a human, second‐generation, anti–interferon‐γ–induced protein 10 (IP‐10) monoclonal antibody. In this study the pharmacokinetics and target engagement (TE) of BMS‐986184 in healthy participants were characterized using population‐based target‐mediated drug disposition (TMDD) modeling and data from a first‐in‐human study (NCT02864264). The results of the first‐in‐human study and the model generated were used to conduct stochastic simulations of a virtual population of healthy participants to predict pharmacokinetic exposures and TE responses for different dosage regimens. A 2‐compartment, 2‐target, TMDD structural model, assuming quasi‐steady‐state and stimulated production on treatment, was developed by simultaneous fitting of the total drug, serum‐free IP‐10, and serum total IP‐10 concentration data, with the second unobservable target contribution to drug elimination described by the Michaelis‐Menten elimination term. Model evaluation confirmed agreement between model predictions and observed data. Simulation of a virtual population of healthy individuals demonstrated that steady state was reached at the eighth dosing interval, and that around 150 mg subcutaneously every other week could be a suitable target dosage regimen for future clinical trials. Integrated modeling strategies such as this can be used to help guide rational clinical trial development of drugs with TMDD, leading to improved dose selection and greater patient benefits.
Derivatized Carbon Nanotubes for Gene Therapy in Mammalian and Plant Cells
Authors: Singh Adhish , Hua Hsu Ming , Gupta Neeraj , Khanra Partha , Kumar Pankaj , Prakash Verma Ved , Kapoor Mohit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe concept of gene vectors for therapeutic applications has been known for several years, but it is far from revealing its actual potential. With the advent of hollow cylindrical carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), researchers have invented several new tools to deliver genes at the required site of action in mammalian and plant cells. The ease of diversified functionalization has allowed CNTs to be by far the most adaptable non‐viral vector for gene therapy. This Minireview addresses the dexterity with which CNTs undergo surface modifications and their applications as a potent vector in gene therapy of humans and plants. Specifically, we will discuss the new tools that scientific communities have invented to achieve gene therapy using plasmid DNA, RNA silencing, suicide gene therapy, and plant genetic engineering. Additionally, we will shed some light on the mechanism of gene transportation using carbon nanotubes in cancer cells and plants.
The pilot study examining the effects of swallowing position on lung volume fraction and the coordination between respiration and non‐nutritive swallowing reflex
Authors: Yamaguchi‐Komeyama Kaori , Ayuse Terumi , Mikushi Shinya , Hisamatsu Noriko , Yamaguchi Taiki , Magata Nobuaki , Tanoue Naomi , Kawasaki Hanako , Kozu Ryo , Takahata Hideaki , Ayuse Takao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBody position might affect the coordination between respiration and swallowing. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that during swallowing, coordinated movements of muscle groups such as the diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles are important to control normal swallowing apnea.ObjectiveTo investigate this hypothesis, respiratory parameters, swallowing apnea and muscle activity were measured in each of four body positions: sitting position with feet on the floor, 30° reclining position, lateral position, and standing position.MethodsAll measurements were performed in nine healthy subjects. Nasal airflow was measured using a pneumotachometer and muscle activity was measured using an electromyograph. All lung volume fraction parameters were measured using spirometer and swallowing apnea time was calculated.ResultsThe maximum inspiratory volume was 2.76 ± 0.83 L in the 30° reclining position, which was significantly larger than that in the other positions (p = .0001). The preliminary expiratory volume was 1.05 ± 0.42 L in the 30° reclining position, which was significantly smaller than that in the other positions (p < .0001). The swallowing apnea time during water swallowing was 1.17 ± 0.35 sec in the lateral position and 0.87 ± 0.28 sec in the 30° reclining position, which tended to be longer than the 0.78 sec in the sitting position.ConclusionWe conclude that both lateral and reclining positions require a longer period of swallowing apnea compared to the sitting and standing positions. Differences in body position may significantly influence the coordination between respiration and swallowing.
Cardiac biomarkers for the detection of cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer—a meta‐analysis
Authors: Michel Lars , Mincu Raluca I. , Mrotzek Simone M. , Korste Sebastian , Neudorf Ulrich , Rassaf Tienush , Totzeck Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsChildhood cancer therapy is associated with a significant risk of therapy‐related cardiotoxicity. This meta‐analysis aims to evaluate cardiac biomarkers for the detection of cancer therapy‐related left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in childhood cancer patients.Methods and resultsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Wiley Library, and Web of Science were screened for studies investigating brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)/N‐terminal proBNP (NT‐proBNP) or cardiac troponin in childhood cancer patients. The odds ratios (OR) for elevation of cardiac biomarkers and association with LV dysfunction were calculated using a random‐effects model. Data from 27 studies with 1651 subjects were included. BNP/NT‐proBNP levels were higher post‐treatment compared with controls or pre‐treatment values [standardized mean difference = 1.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6–1.4; n = 320; P < 0.001]. LV dysfunction was present in 11.76% of included patients, and risk for LV dysfunction was increased in patients with elevated BNP/NT‐proBNP (OR = 7.1; 95% CI = 2.0–25.5; n = 350; P = 0.003). The sensitivity of BNP/NT‐proBNP for the detection of LV dysfunction was 33.3%, and the specificity was 91.5%. Sensitivity increased when selecting for studies that assessed patients < 5 years after anthracycline exposure and for studies including high cumulative anthracycline doses. Anthracycline chemotherapy was associated with an increased frequency of elevated troponin (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 2.1–6.5; n = 348; P < 0.001). The available evidence on the association between elevated troponin and LV dysfunction was insufficient for an adequate analysis. In five included studies, the frequency of LV dysfunction was not increased in patients with elevated troponin (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 0.5–13.2; n = 179; P = 0.53).ConclusionsBNP/NT‐proBNP is associated with cardiotoxicity in paediatric cancer patients receiving anthracycline therapy, but owing to low sensitivity, BNP/NT‐proBNP has to be evaluated in the context of further parameters including clinical assessment and echocardiography. Future studies are needed to determine whether troponin serves as a marker for cardiotoxicity in children. Standardized recommendations for the application of cardiac biomarkers in children undergoing cardiotoxic cancer therapy may benefit management and clinical outcome.
Enhancement of the edible quality and shelf life of soft‐boiled chicken using MAP
Authors: Deng Shaolin , Li Ming , Wang Huhu , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn order to commercialize soft‐boiled chicken, a traditional Asian food, this work was performed to evaluate the effect of the packages on the edible quality. Soft‐boiled chickens were packaged with air packaging (AP) or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP, MN:100% N2 and MC:30%CO2/70%N2) conditions. Total viable counts reached the acceptable limit of 4.90 Log CFU/g at 1.5, 2.5, and 4 days of storage under AP, MN, and MC, respectively. However, sensory acceptance limits, based on overall acceptance by the professional panelists, were not reached until one day later. The TVB‐N content of MAP was lower than that of the AP. The finding indicated that the shelf life of soft‐boiled chicken could be extended by two days using MAP with CO2. These findings will provide basic reference for the packaging of cooked meat and also provide information on poultry processing techniques that could be applied at commercial scales.
RETRACTED: Survival and stability of free and encapsulated probiotic bacteria under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and in ice cream
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Khan Azmat Ullah , Saeed Farhan , Arshad Muhammad Sajid , Khan Muhammad Asif , Saeed Muhammad , Maan Abid Aslam , Khan Muhammad Kashif , Ismail Zoria , Ahmed Aftab , Tufail Tabussam , Ateeq Huda , Anjum Faqir Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the upshot of microencapsulation on the stability and viability of probiotics in carrier food (ice cream) and simulated gastrointestinal (GIT) conditions. Purposely, Lactobacillus casei was encapsulated with two different hydrocolloids, that is, calcium alginate (Ca‐ALG) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) by using encapsulator. The obtained microbeads were characterized in terms of encapsulation efficiency and morphological features. Afterward, the probiotics in free and encapsulated form were incorporated into ice cream. The product was subjected for physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory attributes over a storage period of 80 days. Microencapsulation with both hydrogels significantly (p < .05) improved the viability of probiotics in both carrier food and simulated GIT conditions.The initial viable count of probiotics encapsulated with Ca‐ALG and WPC was 9.54 and 9.52 log CFU/ml, respectively, that declined to 8.59 and 8.39 log CFU/ml, respectively, over period of 80 days of storage. While nonencapsulated/free cells declined from 9.44 to 6.41 log CFU/ml during same storage period. Likewise, during in vitro GIT assay, encapsulated probiotic with Ca‐ALG and WPC showed 0.95 and 1.13 log reduction, respectively. On other hand, free probiotics showed significant 3.03 log reduction. Overall, microencapsulated probiotic exhibited better survival as compared to free cells. Moreover, the amalgamation of encapsulated and free probiotics affected the physicochemical (decrease in pH and increase in viscosity) was and sensory parameters of ice cream during storage.
Caring for People with Disabilities: An Ethics of Respect
Authors: Mintz Kevin , Wasserman David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEva Feder Kittay's Learning from My Daughter: The Value and Care of Disabled Minds is poised to make a major contribution to the disability literature and is likely to spark controversy among disability scholars. The book's central contribution is the articulation of an ethics of care for meeting the “genuine needs” and “legitimate wants” of people with disabilities or chronic illnesses. We applaud Kittay, who is the mother of a woman with cerebral palsy who has multiple physical and intellectual impairments, for sharing her story in such an eloquent, accessible, and personal manner. The question remains, however, as to whether Kittay's normative theory of care captures the ethical obligations that should exist between the carer and the cared‐for. In demanding that the cared‐for include the carer as a participant in all their interactions with others, Kittay conceptualizes what paid caregiving relationships should look like in a way we find misguided.
Interplay between two spin states determines the hydroxylation catalyzed by P450 monooxygenase from Trichoderma brevicompactum
Authors: Hussain Razak , Yadav Rolly , Ahmed Mushtaq , Khan Tabreiz A. , Kumar Devesh , Akhter Yusuf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTri11 (now renamed as tri22) encoded cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in Trichoderma brevicompactum catalyzes the C‐4 C‐H hydroxylation of 12, 13‐epoxytrichothec‐9‐ene (EPT) to produce trichodermol in the biosynthetic pathway of trichodermin/harzianum A. The density functional theory (DFT)‐quantum mechanics (QM) approach is applied to elucidate the hydroxylation of EPT by using a model active species of P450 (Cpd I). The QM calculations were performed on the active site complex, to find out transition‐state structure, intermediate, and product complexes for the two spin states at different potential energy surfaces. The two state reactivity rebound‐free product formation resulted from the interplay of two spin states (doublet and quartet).