bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective optimization for the superconducting bias coil of a saturated iron core fault current limiter using the T-A formulation
Authors: dos Santos G , Sass F , Sotelo G G , Fajoni F , Baldan C A , Ruppert E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The short-circuit levels have increased considerably in transmission and distribution systems in the last years. Fault current limiter (FCL) devices are a potential solution to this problem. Among several FCL topologies, this group has good experience in the use of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) to reduce the electrical current during short-circuits. The literature also presents studies of the saturated iron core superconducting fault current limiter (SIC-SFCL) topology employing mathematical modeling and prototypes design. Some of them have shown promising results, including the construction of pilot prototypes in medium and high voltage substations. The SIC-SFCL simulation studies presented optimal topologies that reduce the amount of ferromagnetic material used in the core and represent well the behavior of this limiter. The finite element method and the finite element analysis are suitable to model the SIC-SFCL. However, a more detailed study focusing on the optimization of the DC bias superconducting coil of the SIC-SFCL has not been presented in the literature yet. In this context, this work proposes a multi-objective optimization method using the Nelder–Mead algorithm to find an optimal geometry for the superconducting coil. In this optimization, the objectives functions are: to maximize the critical current density in the high-temperature superconductor (HTS), minimize the voltage drop in the copper winding, minimize the current through the DC biased superconducting winding, and minimize the price of the HTS superconducting winding. Before implementing the multi-objective optimization algorithm, we have tested a non-superconducting saturated iron core prototype and used the results to validate the simulation models. After that, we have replaced the DC copper winding with an HTS coil in the simulations and initiate the optimization process. Results show that constructing the DC bias superconducting coil using the minimum possible fill factor might not be the best choice.
Tailored holograms for superimposed vortex states
Authors: Eickhoff K , Köhnke D , Feld L , Englert L , Bayer T , Wollenhaupt M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present the generation, optimization and full control of superimposed optical vortices (SOVs) using tailored computer generated holograms by utilizing a 2D liquid crystal spatial light modulator. To perform full radial and azimuthal control over the targeted SOVs we apply spatial amplitude modulation via window functions as well as radial and azimuthal phases, encoded in the diffraction mask. In particular we discuss the influence of spatial linear and quadratic radial phases, which is supplemented by an analytical description. The developed formalism further permits the direct shaping in k-space which is highlighted by the radial and azimuthal confinement of SOV states. Our technique enables full real-time control over the spatial structure, the symmetry and azimuthal orientation of the generated SOVs in a common path geometry, which is useful in the context of optical information transfer. We also study the topological properties, i.e. the orbital current

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to determine the topological charge ℓ of the generated SOVs.
Cross-sectional imaging through scattering media by quantum-mimetic optical coherence tomography with wavefront shaping
Authors: Shirai Tomohiro , Friberg Ari T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Quantum-mimetic (QM) optical coherence tomography (OCT) combined with wavefront shaping is proposed as a novel approach to achieve high-resolution cross-sectional imaging through a strongly scattering medium. Specifically, QM-OCT is a recently devised OCT technique mimicking quantum OCT to acquire its main characteristic features, most notably immunity to group-velocity dispersion and enhancement of axial resolution, without quantum light. To validate the proposed method, we demonstrate experimentally that a one-dimensional cross-sectional image of a sample located behind a diffuser plate is obtained successfully and efficiently with QM-OCT by shaping the wavefront of light incident onto the diffuser.
Preparation and properties of NIR-Responsive microcapsules
Authors: Xiao Shizhuo , Xin Yangyang , Li Na , Zou Yingquan , Zhou Shuyun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, near infrared (NIR) absorbing dye and fluorane dye (FD) was successfully encapsulated into microcapsules with NIR light responsive performance. The NIR responsive microcapsules are able to be utilized in information recording and anti-counterfeiting fields. Specifically, the factors effecting on synthesis of NIR responsive microcapsules were studied in detail. Microcapsules with an average particle size of 0.2 ∼ 0.5 μm were prepared by adjusting the mass ratio of shell/core material, the viscosity of oil phase and the mass ratio of water/oil (W/O) phase. It was found that the preferred reaction condition was the feeding mass ratio of shell/core materiel at 1:2 and the W/O phase mass ratio of 2:1. When the feeding mass ratio of NIR absorbing dye and FD is 1/10, the NIR responsive microcapsules have the best coloration performance. Then the NIR responsive microcapsules were coated on aluminum substrate and scanned by 808 nm near-infrared laser, the image precision reached 20 μm.
Fabrication of SiC reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites through microwave sintering
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Zhou Bo , Xu Lei , Han Zhaohui , Zhou Junwen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, SiC reinforced aluminum (Al) metal matrix composites were prepared by microwave sintering. The effects of SiC content, pressure and sintering temperature on the density, hardness and microstructure of the composites were investigated. It was found that the relative density of SiC/Al composites is 98.43% when the content of SiC is 5 Vol%. When the SiC content is 15 vol%, the sintering temperature is 770 °C and the pressure is 250 MPa, the density and hardness of the composites SiC/Al composites are 96.14% and 130 HV, respectively. And the SiC particles can be uniformly dispersed in the Al matrix by microwave sintering.
‘Cloud Capped Towers’ Made of Sand: Dissolving Barriers to Female Authorship in Julie Taymor’sTempest
Authors: Gilreath Philip 
Published: November 2020

AbstractJulie Taymor’s 2010 film adaptation of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest raises questions about how adaptation theory and film authorship are often constructed along perceptions of gender. Despite positive reactions to Helen Mirren’s performance as a re-gendered Prospera, the film was critically panned on release. Critics and reviewers criticized Taymor’s film technique, accusing the director of reveling in stylistic excess and relying too heavily on intrusive digital effects that overshadowed the imagination and language of the Folio play-text. These critiques draw attention to what this article suggests is most crucial to Taymor’s adaptation. This article argues that Taymor’s blending of the naturalistic with the artificial represent a deliberate style that emphasizes the collaborative processes of adaptation. Taymor’s intercutting of digital effects and naturalistic footage emphasize the hybrid authorship of film technique—a trait embodied in Ben Whishaw’s performance as the spirit Ariel. The re-gendering of Prospera furthermore situates the film against the grain of the historically gendered and romanticized conception of the film auteur as a stable and overriding masculine genius.
Vaccination ethics
Authors: Giubilini Alberto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract Vaccination decisions and policies present tensions between individual rights and the moral duty to contribute to harm prevention. This article focuses on ethical issues around vaccination behaviour and policies. It will not cover ethical issues around vaccination research.Sources of dataLiterature on ethics of vaccination decisions and policies.Areas of agreementIndividuals have a moral responsibility to vaccinate, at least against certain infectious diseases in certain circumstances.Areas of controversySome argue that non-coercive measures are ethically preferable unless there are situations of emergency. Others hold that coercive measures are ethically justified even in absence of emergencies.Growing pointsConscientious objection to vaccination is becoming a major area of discussion.Areas timely for developing researchThe relationship between individual, collective and institutional responsibilities to contribute to the public good of herd immunity will be a major point of discussion, particularly with regard to the COVID-19 vaccine.
Cognitive decline heralds onset of symptomatic inherited prion disease
Authors: Mole Joseph , Mead Simon , Rudge Peter , Nihat Akin , Mok Tzehow , Collinge John , Caine Diana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The clinical effectiveness of any disease-modifying treatment for prion disease, as for other neurodegenerative disorders, will depend on early treatment before damage to neural tissue is irrevocable. Thus, there is a need to identify markers that predict disease onset in healthy at-risk individuals. Whilst imaging and neurophysiological biomarkers have shown limited use in this regard, we recently reported progressive neurophysiological changes in individuals with the inherited prion disease mutation P102L. We have also previously demonstrated a signature pattern of fronto-parietal dysfunction in mild prion disease. Here we address whether these cognitive features anticipate the onset of symptoms in a unique sample of patients with inherited prion disease. In the cross-sectional analysis, we analysed the performance of patients at three time points in the course of disease onset: prior to symptoms (n = 27), onset of subjective symptoms without positive clinical findings (n = 8) and symptomatic with positive clinical findings (n = 24). In the longitudinal analysis, we analysed data from 24 patients who were presymptomatic at the time of recruitment and were followed up over a period of up to 17 years, of whom 16 remained healthy and eight converted to become symptomatic. In the cross-sectional analysis, the key finding was that, relative to a group of 25 healthy non-gene carrier controls, patients with subjective symptoms but without positive clinical findings were impaired on a smaller but similar set of tests (Trail Making Test part A, Stroop test, Performance IQ, gesture repetition, figure recall) to those previously found to be impaired in mild prion disease. In the longitudinal analysis, Trail Making Test parts A and B, Stroop test and Performance IQ scores significantly discriminated between patients who remained presymptomatic and those who converted, even before the converters reached criteria for formal diagnosis. Notably, performance on the Stroop test significantly discriminated between presymptomatic patients and converters before the onset of clinical symptoms [area under the curve = 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.62–1.00), P = 0.009]. Thus, we report here, for the first time, neuropsychological abnormalities in healthy patients prior to either symptom onset or clinical diagnosis of inherited prion disease. This constitutes an important component of an evolving profile of clinical and biomarker abnormalities in this crucial group for preventive medicine.
De novo stop-loss variants in CLDN11 cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophy
Authors: Riedhammer Korbinian M , Stockler Sylvia , Ploski Rafal , Wenzel Maren , Adis-Dutschmann Burkhard , Ahting Uwe , Alhaddad Bader , Blaschek Astrid , Haack Tobias B , Kopajtich Robert , Lee Jessica , Murcia Pienkowski Victor , Pollak Agnieszka , Szymanska Krystyna , Tarailo-Graovac Maja , van der Lee Robin , van Karnebeek Clara D , Meitinger Thomas , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Vill Katharina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Claudin-11, a tight junction protein, is indispensable in the formation of the radial component of myelin. Here, we report de novo stop-loss variants in the gene encoding claudin-11, CLDN11, in three unrelated individuals presenting with an early-onset spastic movement disorder, expressive speech disorder and eye abnormalities including hypermetropia. Brain MRI showed a myelin deficit with a discrepancy between T1-weighted and T2-weighted images and some progress in myelination especially involving the central and peripheral white matter. Exome sequencing identified heterozygous stop-loss variants c.622T&gt;C, p.(*208Glnext*39) in two individuals and c.622T&gt;G, p.(*208Gluext*39) in one individual, all occurring de novo. At the RNA level, the variant c.622T&gt;C did not lead to a loss of expression in fibroblasts, indicating this transcript is not subject to nonsense-mediated decay and most likely translated into an extended protein. Extended claudin-11 is predicted to form an alpha helix not incorporated into the cytoplasmic membrane, possibly perturbing its interaction with intracellular proteins. Our observations suggest that stop-loss variants in CLDN11 expand the genetically heterogeneous spectrum of hypomyelinating leukodystrophies.
Cerebellar neuromodulation improves naming in post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Sebastian Rajani , Kim Ji Hyun , Brenowitz Rachel , Tippett Donna C , Desmond John E , Celnik Pablo A , Hillis Argye E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation has been shown to increase the efficiency of language therapy in chronic aphasia; however, to date, an optimal stimulation site has not been identified. We investigated whether neuromodulation of the right cerebellum can improve naming skills in chronic aphasia. Using a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, within-subject crossover study design, participants received anodal cerebellar stimulation (n = 12) or cathodal cerebellar stimulation (n = 12) + computerized aphasia therapy then sham + computerized aphasia therapy, or the opposite order. There was no significant effect of treatment (cerebellar stimulation versus sham) for trained naming. However, there was a significant order x treatment interaction, indicating that cerebellar stimulation was more effective than sham immediately post-treatment for participants who received cerebellar stimulation in the first phase. There was a significant effect of treatment (cerebellar stimulation versus sham) for untrained naming immediately post-treatment and the significant improvement in untrained naming was maintained at two months post-treatment. Greater gains in naming (relative to sham) were noted for participants receiving cathodal stimulation for both trained and untrained items. Thus, our study provides evidence that repetitive cerebellar transcranial direct stimulation combined with computerized aphasia treatment can improve picture naming in chronic post-stroke aphasia. These findings suggest that the right cerebellum might be an optimal stimulation site for aphasia rehabilitation and this could be an answer to handle heterogeneous participants who vary in their size and site of left hemisphere lesions.
Remote Household Observation for Noninfluenza Respiratory Viral Illness
Authors: Emanuels Anne , Heimonen Jessica , O’Hanlon Jessica , Kim Ashley E , Wilcox Naomi , McCulloch Denise J , Brandstetter Elisabeth , Wolf Caitlin R , Logue Jennifer K , Han Peter D , Pfau Brian , Newman Kira L , Hughes James P , Jackson Michael L , Uyeki Timothy M , Boeckh Michael , Starita Lea M , Nickerson Deborah A , Bedford Trevor , Englund Janet A , Chu Helen Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Noninfluenza respiratory viruses are responsible for a substantial burden of disease in the United States. Household transmission is thought to contribute significantly to subsequent transmission through the broader community. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contactless surveillance methods are of particular importance.

Methods
From November 2019 to April 2020, 303 households in the Seattle area were remotely monitored in a prospective longitudinal study for symptoms of respiratory viral illness. Enrolled participants reported weekly symptoms and submitted respiratory samples by mail in the event of an acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specimens were tested for 14 viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Participants completed all study procedures at home without physical contact with research staff.

Results
In total, 1171 unique participants in 303 households were monitored for ARI. Of participating households, 128 (42%) included a child aged &lt;5 years and 202 (67%) included a child aged 5–12 years. Of the 678 swabs collected during the surveillance period, 237 (35%) tested positive for 1 or more noninfluenza respiratory viruses. Rhinovirus, common human coronaviruses, and respiratory syncytial virus were the most common. Four cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 3 households.

Conclusions
This study highlights the circulation of respiratory viruses within households during the winter months during the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Contactless methods of recruitment, enrollment, and sample collection were utilized throughout this study and demonstrate the feasibility of home-based, remote monitoring for respiratory infections.
Pharmacoepidemiology for nephrologists (part 1): concept, applications and considerations for study design
Authors: Trevisan Marco , Fu Edouard L , Xu Yang , Jager Kitty , Zoccali Carmine , Dekker Friedo W , Carrero Juan Jesus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Randomized controlled trials on drug safety and effectiveness are the foundation of medical evidence, but they may have limited generalizability and be unpowered to detect rare and long-term kidney outcomes. Observational studies in routine care data can complement and expand trial evidence on the use, safety and effectiveness of medications and aid with clinical decisions in areas where evidence is lacking. Access to routinely collected large healthcare data has resulted in the proliferation of studies addressing the effect of medications in patients with kidney diseases and this review provides an introduction to the science of pharmacoepidemiology to critically appraise them. In this first review we discuss the concept and applications of pharmacoepidemiology, describing methods for drug-utilization research and discussing the strengths and caveats of the most commonly used study designs to evaluate comparative drug safety and effectiveness.
New contributions for the comparison of community detection algorithms in attributed networks
Authors: Vieira Ana Rita , Campos Pedro , Brito Paula 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCommunity detection techniques use only the information about the network topology to find communities in networks. Similarly, classic clustering techniques for vector data consider only the information about the values of the attributes describing the objects to find clusters. In real-world networks, however, in addition to the information about the network topology, usually there is information about the attributes describing the vertices that can also be used to find communities. Using both the information about the network topology and about the attributes describing the vertices can improve the algorithms’ results. Therefore, authors started investigating methods for community detection in attributed networks. In the past years, several methods were proposed to uncover this task, partitioning a graph into sub-graphs of vertices that are densely connected and similar in terms of their descriptions. This article focuses on the analysis and comparison of some of the proposed methods for community detection in attributed networks. For that purpose, several applications to both synthetic and real networks are conducted. Experiments are performed on both weighted and unweighted graphs. The objective is to establish which methods perform generally better according to the validation measures and to investigate their sensitivity to changes in the networks’ structure and homogeneity.
Molting strategies of Arctic seals drive annual patterns in metabolism
Authors: Thometz Nicole M , Hermann-Sorensen Holly , Russell Brandon , Rosen David A S , Reichmuth Colleen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArctic seals, including spotted (Phoca largha), ringed (Pusa hispida) and bearded (Erignathus barbatus) seals, are directly affected by sea ice loss. These species use sea ice as a haul-out substrate for various critical functions, including their annual molt. Continued environmental warming will inevitably alter the routine behavior and overall energy budgets of Arctic seals, but it is difficult to quantify these impacts as their metabolic requirements are not well known—due in part to the difficulty of studying wild individuals. Thus, data pertaining to species-specific energy demands are urgently needed to better understand the physiological consequences of rapid environmental change. We used open-flow respirometry over a four-year period to track fine-scale, longitudinal changes in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of four spotted seals, three ringed seals and one bearded seal trained to participate in research. Simultaneously, we collected complementary physiological and environmental data. Species-specific metabolic demands followed expected patterns based on body size, with the largest species, the bearded seal, exhibiting the highest absolute RMR (0.48 ± 0.04 L O2 min−1) and the lowest mass-specific RMR (4.10 ± 0.47 ml O2 min−1 kg−1), followed by spotted (absolute: 0.33 ± 0.07 L O2 min−1; mass-specific: 6.13 ± 0.73 ml O2 min−1 kg−1) and ringed (absolute: 0.20 ± 0.04 L O2 min−1; mass-specific: 7.01 ± 1.38 ml O2 min−1 kg−1) seals. Further, we observed clear and consistent annual patterns in RMR that related to the distinct molting strategies of each species. For species that molted over relatively short intervals—spotted (33 ± 4 days) and ringed (28 ± 6 days) seals—metabolic demands increased markedly in association with molt. In contrast, the bearded seal exhibited a prolonged molting strategy (119 ± 2 days), which appeared to limit the overall cost of molting as indicated by a relatively stable annual RMR. These findings highlight energetic trade-offs associated with different molting strategies and provide quantitative data that can be used to assess species-specific vulnerabilities to changing conditions.