bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with slow progression of cognitive impairment following first dementia diagnosis
Authors: Perera Gayan , Mueller Christoph , Stewart Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the extent to which slow progression of dementia after diagnosis might be predicted from routine longitudinal healthcare data, in order to clarify characteristics of people who experience this outcome.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted using data from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre Case Register. This study included all patients receiving a first dementia diagnosis between 2006 and 2017, restricted to those with a baseline Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) score within 6 months of initial diagnosis of dementia and at least one MMSE score after 3 years post‐diagnosis. Slow progression was defined as a change in MMSE score of −1, 0 or an increase at the follow‐up point. This group was compared to the remainder with an MMSE decline of −2 or more.ResultsOverall, 682 patients with slow progression were compared to 1045 with faster progression. In the confounder‐adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, slow progression was more likely in younger patients (age 65–74 years; odds ratio: 1.18; 95% confidence intervals: 1.04–1.37), males (1.24; 1.01–1.53), those with moderate or severe dementia according to MMSE, patients with mixed‐type dementia (2.06; 1.11–3.82) compared to Alzheimer's disease and less likely in those receiving acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) treatment (0.57; 0.46–0.71).ConclusionSlow dementia progression after diagnosis was common in patients with mixed Alzheimer's and vascular dementia, younger age, males and non‐receipt of AChEIs, possibly suggesting non‐Alzheimer pathologies and clarifying such predictors is important, as there is currently very limited information on which to base prognosis estimates in post‐diagnosis counselling.
Developing a Labeled Affective Magnitude scale and Fuzzy Linguistic scale for tactile feeling
Authors: Akay Diyar , Duran Burcu U. , Duran Engin , Henson Brian , Boran Fatih E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAffective design is the inclusion or representation of human emotions and subjective impressions in product design processes. In affective design, a number of different scales are commonly used to reveal and measure subjective emotions related to the design features of products. Osgood's Semantic Differential Scale (SDS) is one of the scales that has often been used for this purpose. However, there are some drawbacks in the SDS due to the ordinal nature of the scale that leads to losses or distortions of a significant amount of information and this makes it difficult to justify parametric statistical analysis. In this study, two scales, namely a Labeled Affective Magnitude (LAM) scale and a Fuzzy Linguistic scale, are developed. The LAM scale is an alternative scale based on magnitude estimation and has ratio properties. The Fuzzy Linguistic scale is an interval scale for which responses are linguistic descriptors that are identified with fuzzy numbers or intervals. The scales were developed for tactile feelings because they are an important factor in product evaluation. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the scales. There was no significant difference between the newly constructed fuzzy scale and 11 point SDS, whereas there was a significant difference between the newly constructed LAM scale and 11 point SDS.
Real options and the perverse effect of interest rates on investment timing
Authors: Gutiérrez Óscar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between investment and interest rates within the standard model of real options. We analyse the effect of interest rates on investment through the expected time until investment. The sign of the relationship is ambiguous, and critically dependent on the choice of the state variable and the parameters taken as model primitives. If the payout rate of the project (dividend yield) is taken as a model parameter, results are robust.The main novel conclusions drawn from the analysis are the following. Firstly, we provide new conditions under which increasing the interest rate accelerates irreversible investments. In particular, a raise of the interest rate favours investment when the initial value of the state variable is far from the optimal threshold; in some cases, investment is favoured independently of the value of the state variable. Secondly, the level of volatility affects the investment/interest rate relationship; in particular, a raise of the interest rate tends to favour investment in hi‐tech sectors (the opposite conclusion holds for mature sectors). Thirdly, the analysis implications remain under costless reversibility.
Violence against women during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An integrative review
Authors: Sánchez Odette R. , Vale Diama B. , Rodrigues Larissa , Surita Fernanda G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, incipient data have revealed an increase in violence against women (VAW).ObjectiveTo analyze the existing scientific literature on strategies and recommendations to respond to VAW during the implementation of social distancing measures in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic.Search strategyAn integrative review was conducted based on articles published between December 2019 and June 2020. Suitable articles were identified from the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases, using relevant terms.Selection criteriaEligible studies included opinion and primary research articles describing the dynamics of VAW during quarantine and in the context of the restrictive measures taken during the COVID‐19 pandemic and proposing recommendations to respond to this issue.Data collection and analysisData were extracted from eligible publications and qualitative synthesis was used.Main resultsThe 38 articles included in the study showed that some factors increasing women’s vulnerabilities to violence were exacerbated during the social distancing and lockdown period. Health professionals are essential for screening and responding to VAW during the pandemic.ConclusionsStrategies must include integrated actions aiming to prevent and respond to violence during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. These must be designed based on lessons learned from previous public health emergencies.
Comparison of spectra optia and amicus cell separators for autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection
Authors: Chung Yousun , Kong Jung Hee , Hu Youmi , Lee Se‐Na , Shim Hyoeun , Eom Hyeon‐Seok , Kong Sun‐Young 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionAutologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation has become a standard treatment option for many oncology patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two cell separators, Spectra Optia (Terumo BCT, Japan) and Amicus (Fresenius‐Kabi) for autologous PBSC collection.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 56 apheresis by Spectra Optia with Continuous Mononuclear Cell Collection (cMNC) from 20 patients, and 50 apheresis by Amicus from 27 patients between December 2018 and December 2019. CD34+ collection efficiency (CE2) and platelet (PLT) loss were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference in CD34+ CE2 between Spectra Optia with cMNC (median, 28.8%) and Amicus (median, 33.1%; P = 0.537). PLT loss was significantly lower in Amicus (median, 28.6%) than in Spectra Optia with cMNC (median, 37.8%; P = 0.009).ConclusionCD34+ CE2 was comparable between Spectra Optia and Amicus, and PLT loss was significantly lower in Amicus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report comparing autologous PBSC collection of the Spectra Optia and Amicus. These results may provide general guidance with regard to device selection to apheresis clinics that use both separators for optimal outcomes depending on each patient's characteristics.
Assessing the validity of DLPNO‐CCSD(T) in the calculation of activation and reaction energies of ubiquitous enzymatic reactions
Authors: Paiva Pedro , Ramos Maria J. , Fernandes Pedro A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe domain‐based local pair natural orbital coupled‐cluster with single, double, and perturbative triples excitation (DLPNO‐CCSD(T)) method was employed to portray the activation and reaction energies of four ubiquitous enzymatic reactions, and its performance was confronted to CCSD(T)/complete basis set (CBS) to assess its accuracy and robustness in this specific field. The DLPNO‐CCSD(T) results were also confronted to those of a set of density functionals (DFs) to understand the benefit of implementing this technique in enzymatic quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations as a second QM component, which is often treated with DF theory (DFT). On average, the DLPNO‐CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ results were 0.51 kcal·mol−1 apart from the canonic CCSD(T)/CBS, without noticeable biases toward any of the reactions under study. All DFs fell short to the DLPNO‐CCSD(T), both in terms of accuracy and robustness, which suggests that this method is advantageous to characterize enzymatic reactions and that its use in QM/MM calculations, either alone or in conjugation with DFT, in a two‐region QM layer (DLPNO‐CCSD(T):DFT), should enhance the quality and faithfulness of the results.
Feasibility trial of the dialectical behavior therapy skills training group as add‐on treatment for adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Moritz Guilherme R. , Pizutti Leandro T. , Cancian Ana C. M. , Dillenburg Mariana S. , de Souza Lucas A. S. , Lewgoy Laura B. , Basso Patrícia , Andreola Michel M. P. , Bau Claiton H. D. , Victor Marcelo M. , Teche Stefania P. , Grevet Eugênio H. , Philipsen Alexandra , Rohde Luis A. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to explore the feasibility, and efficacy of a Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skill Training Group (DBT‐ST) as an add‐on treatment for adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Latin America.MethodAdults with ADHD (n = 31) with stable medication treatment for ADHD and residual symptoms (ASRS > 20) were randomly assigned to DBT‐ST (n = 16) or treatment as usual (TaU; n = 15) for 12 weeks. Feasibility was accessed by attendance and completion rates at 12 weeks. Efficacy outcomes were measured with the ASRS, and performed at 0, 6, 12, and 16 weeks.ResultsThe DBT‐ST protocol had 81.25% completion rate, with a mean attendance of 87.25% of the sessions. No significant interactions between group and time were detected for outcome measures.DiscussionThe DBT‐ST was feasible as add‐on treatment for adult patients with ADHD in Latin America. Replicating previous findings, DBT‐ST has shown no significantly higher improvement in ADHD symptoms in comparison with TaU. Registered at the Clinical Trials database (NCT03326427).
Malrotation of whole‐leg radiograph less than 10 degrees does not influence preoperative planning in open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Kawahara Shinya , Mawatari Taro , Matsui Gen , Mizu‐uchi Hideki , Hamai Satoshi , Akasaki Yukio , Tsushima Hidetoshi , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronal whole‐leg radiography is generally used for preoperative open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) planning. Nevertheless, malrotational whole‐leg radiographs could affect the planning, and the effects could possibly be strengthened by the knee flexed position. Consecutive 51 varus osteoarthritis knees that underwent OWHTO were included. The digitally reconstructed radiography (DRR) images parallel to the surgical epicondylar axis (neutral rotation; NR), 5° and 10° external rotation (ER) or internal rotation (IR), were reconstructed from preoperative CT. Preoperative weight‐bearing line percentage (WBL%), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), planned opening angle, and planned postoperative MPTA were measured with OWHTO planning in each DRR image. Correlations among the measured differences relative to NR images and knee flexion angle were investigated. As the DRR image shifted from ER to IR, the differences in preoperative WBL% and MPTA gradually increased, whereas those in the opening angle gradually decreased, although all differences in the opening angle were within 0.5° on an average. Opening angle differences remarkably correlated with knee flexion angle, and knees with >10° flexion contracture had >1° difference in 10° ER or IR images. Planned postoperative MPTA had relatively high consistency regardless of whole‐leg malrotation. The opening angle measurement using malrotated radiographs less than 10° would be clinically reliable in cases without knee flexion contracture. Nevertheless, extreme care should be taken in cases with >10° knee flexion contracture. The MPTA after medial opening would be a consistent and reliable parameter in whole‐leg alignment evaluation.
A low‐cost modular control system for multistressor experiments
Authors: Low Natalie H. N. , Ng Crystal A. , Micheli Fiorenza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMarine organisms and ecosystems face multiple, temporally variable stressors in a rapidly changing world. Realistic experiments that incorporate these aspects of physiological stress are important for advancing our ability to understand, predict, and manage their ecological impacts. However, the experimental systems needed to conduct such experiments can be costly. Here, we describe a low‐cost, modular control system that can be used with seawater sensors and actuators to dynamically manipulate multiple seawater variables. It enables researchers to run a variety of realistic multiple‐stressor, variable exposure experiments with a range of marine organisms. This tank controller system is based on the open‐source Arduino prototyping platform and features a custom‐made circuit board with a 16‐bit analog‐to‐digital converter, a real‐time clock, a MicroSD memory card reader, a high‐voltage transistor array, and solderless screw terminal connectors for easy connection of sensors, actuators, and power supplies. The assembly and use of this controller system does not require extensive electronics engineering or programming experience, and each module can be assembled for under 80 USD in parts. To demonstrate the system's capabilities, we present seawater manipulations from experiments involving (1) simultaneous manipulations of dissolved oxygen and pH; (2) fluctuating dissolved oxygen levels; and (3) a controlled stepwise decrease in dissolved oxygen at different temperatures. The low cost and high customizability of this Arduino‐based control system can contribute to expanding capacities for running global change experiments for researchers and students worldwide.
Far‐Field Superresolution Imaging via Spatial Frequency Modulation
Authors: Tang Mingwei , Liu Xiaowei , Wen Zhong , Lin Feihong , Meng Chao , Liu Xu , Ma Yaoguang , Yang Qing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe diffraction limit substantially impedes the resolution of the conventional optical microscope. Under traditional illumination, the high‐spatial‐frequency light corresponding to the subwavelength information of objects is located in the near‐field in the form of evanescent waves, and thus not detectable by conventional far‐field objectives. Recent advances in nanomaterials and metamaterials provide new approaches to break this limitation by utilizing large‐wavevector evanescent waves. Here, a comprehensive review of this emerging and fast‐growing field is presented. The current superresolution imaging techniques based on evanescent‐wave‐assisted spatial frequency modulation, including hyperlens, microsphere lens, and evanescent field‐illuminated spatial frequency shift microscopy, are illustrated. They are promising in investigating unobserved details and processes in fields such as medicine, biology, and material research. Some current challenges and future possibilities of these superresolution methods are also discussed.
TP63‐mutation as a cause of prenatal lethal multicystic dysplastic kidneys
Authors: Friedmann Isabel , Campagnolo Carla , Chan Nancy , Hardy Ghislain , Saleh Maha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEctrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐clefting syndrome 3 (EEC) is one of the six overlapping syndromes caused by mutations in the tumor protein p63 gene (TP63). EEC is suspected when patients have cleft hands or feet, polydactyly, and syndactyly, abnormal development of the ectodermally derived structures, and orofacial clefting. Genitourinary (GU) anomalies have been identified in patients with EEC, yet these are often under‐recognized and under‐reported. The available literature on sonographic prenatal findings is sparse, especially when considering GU anomalies.MethodsWe present the case of a male stillborn fetus, who was found antenatally to have multicystic dysplastic kidneys and anhydramnios. Following the termination of pregnancy, examination and autopsy further revealed unilateral polydactyly and bilateral syndactyly which had not been previously identified on antenatal ultrasound.ResultsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) revealed a de novo heterozygous pathogenic variant in exon 5 of the TP63 gene: p.His247Arg: c.740A>G (NM_003722.4) which has been reported in the literature. The His247Arg variant has been published as a pathogenic variant in association with EEC, both with and without orofacial clefting.ConclusionOur prenatal case expands the phenotypic spectrum of TP63‐related disorders in general. In addition, it adds to the phenotype associated with the His247Arg pathogenic variant responsible for EEC. Further, we highlight the importance of WES as a postnatal tool to help clarify unexpected findings, and as a way to add to the spectrum of existing phenotypes of known single‐gene disorders.
Prediction of Promiscuity Cliffs Using Machine Learning
Authors: Blaschke Thomas , Feldmann Christian , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCompounds with the ability to interact with multiple targets, also called promiscuous compounds, provide the basis for polypharmacological drug discovery. In recent years, a plethora of structural analogs with different promiscuity has been identified. Nevertheless, the molecular origins of promiscuity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we systematically extracted different structural analogs with varying promiscuity using the matched molecular pair (MMP) formalism from public biological screening and medicinal chemistry data. Care was taken to eliminate all compounds with potential false‐positive activity annotations from the analysis. Promiscuity predictions were then attempted at the level of compound pairs representing promiscuity cliffs (PCs; formed by analogs with large promiscuity differences) and corresponding non‐PC MMPs (analog pairs without significant promiscuity differences). To address this prediction task, different machine learning models were generated and the results were compared with single compound predictions. PCs encoding promiscuity differences were found to contain more structure‐promiscuity relationship information than sets of individual promiscuous compounds. In addition, feature analysis was carried out revealing key contributions to the correct prediction of PCs and non‐PC MMPs via machine learning.
The need for transformative changes in the use of Indigenous knowledge along with science for environmental decision‐making in the Arctic
Authors: Wheeler Helen C. , Danielsen Finn , Fidel Maryann , Hausner Vera , Horstkotte Tim , Johnson Noor , Lee Olivia , Mukherjee Nibedita , Amos Amy , Ashthorn Heather , Ballari Øystein , Behe Carolina , Breton‐Honeyman Kaitlin , Retter Gunn‐Britt , Buschman Victoria , Jakobsen Pâviârak , Johnson Frank , Lyberth Bjarne , Parrott Jennifer A. , Pogodaev Mikhail , Sulyandziga Rodion , Vronski Nikita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Recent attention to the role of Indigenous knowledge (IK) in environmental monitoring, research and decision‐making is likely to attract new people to this field of work.

Advancing the bringing together of IK and science in a way that is desirable to IK holders can lead to successful and inclusive research and decision‐making.

We used the Delphi technique with 18 expert participants who were IK holders or working closely with IK from across the Arctic to examine the drivers of progress and limitations to the use of IK along with science to inform decision‐making related to wildlife, reindeer herding and the environment. We also used this technique to identify participants' experiences of scientists' misconceptions concerning IK.

Participants had a strong focus on transformative change relating to the structure of institutions, politics, rights, involvement, power and agency over technical issues advancing or limiting progress (e.g. new technologies and language barriers).

Participants identified two modes of desirable research: coproducing knowledge with scientists and autonomous Indigenous‐led research. They highlighted the need for more collaborative and coproduction projects to allow further refinement of approaches and more funding to support autonomous, Indigenous‐led research.

Most misconceptions held by scientists concerning IK that were identified by participants related to the spatial, temporal and conceptual scope of IK, and the perceived need to validate IK using Western science.

Our research highlights some of the issues that need to be addressed by all participants in research and decision‐making involving IK and science. While exact approaches will need to be tailored to specific social‐ecological contexts, consideration of these broader concerns revealed by our analysis are likely to be central to effective partnerships.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The impact of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant timing and psychosocial factors on family and caregiver adjustment
Authors: Chardon Marie L. , Canter Kimberly S. , Pai Ahna L.H. , Peugh James L. , Madan‐Swain Avi , Vega Gabriela , Joffe Naomi E. , Kazak Anne E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) on family functioning varies, but little is known about how the timing of HCT in children's treatment course contributes to this variability. This study examines how preexisting child, sibling, and family problems, the length of time between diagnosis to HCT, and children's age at HCT are associated with family and caregiver functioning.ProcedureCaregivers (n = 140) of children (≤18 years old) scheduled to undergo their first HCT completed the Psychological Assessment Tool‐HCT and the Impact on Family Scale. Treatment information was extracted from electronic medical records. A bootstrapped multivariate path analysis was used to test the hypotheses.ResultsMore preexisting family problems related to greater caregiver perceived negative impact of their child's HCT across family and caregiver functioning domains. Less time between diagnosis and HCT was associated with greater caregiver personal strain, particularly for those with younger children undergoing HCT. Younger child age at HCT was also associated with a larger negative impact on family social functioning.ConclusionsFamilies with preexisting problems are the most at‐risk for experiencing negative impacts related to their child's HCT. The timing of a child's HCT within their treatment course and the child's age during HCT may impact families’ social functioning and caregiver adjustment. Screening families for preexisting family problems, particularly for families with young children or who are abruptly learning of their child's need for an HCT, may assist providers in identifying families who would benefit from earlier or more intensive psychosocial support.