bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Public Awareness on Prevention of Rabies Cases in Several Asian Countries: A Review
Authors: Prasanjaya Putu Nara Kusuma , Tosepu Ramadhan , Rizqiyah Nichlah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by a viral infection. The rabies virus is often referred to as re-emerging zoonosis, which belongs to the genus lyssavirus. Rabies in humans is spread through the bite of an infected animal. Animals that are at risk of spreading the rabies virus are called HPR. Animals that are at risk of exposure to the rabies virus are all warm-blooded. For Indonesia, the source of rabies transmission comes from 3 animals, namely: dogs, cats, and monkeys. The risk of transmission through bites is speedy and occurs almost every day, primarily through dog bites. Deaths from rabies in children are generally under the age of 15 years. The South Asia region recorded the maximum incidence of rabies outbreaks, with India and Bangladesh at the highest position compared to other countries in the region and beyond. Indonesia is a country that has high rabies cases. Bali is an area that has increased rabies incidence every year. The increase in cases of dog bites is very closely related to people’s awareness patterns. The predetermined pattern of awareness includes: handling after HPR bites, HPR maintenance systems, actions taken when dealing with HPR, and treatment of products (meat or organs) from HPR. Efforts are being made to prevent rabies outbreaks, namely vaccination, depopulation, rabies prevention education for school children, and surveillance of rabies-carrying animal traffic (HPR).
Health Status Of 3 Years Old Female Javan Langur According To Aspinall Medical Check-Up Procedure In Javan Langur Center (JLC)
Authors: Titisari Nurina , Fauzi Ahmad , Masnur Ida , Kurniawan Iwan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In Indonesia, JLC is a conservation foundation which a part of a Javan primate project managed by the Aspinal Foundation. Javan Langur which was kept in JLC must undergo medical check-up series to ensure animal health status and also to prevent transmission of diseases from an animal to other animals or humans. There were several steps of medical check-up in JLC according to Aspinal Foundation procedure that must be done mainly when the animal first arrives on conservation. Such us physical examination, morphometric measurement, hematology test, renal and liver function, hepatitis, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), Simian retrovirus (SRV) and Simian virus leukemia cell T (STLVs), feces examination for parasite and bacteria, tuberculin skin test by mammalian old tuberculin solution. All procedure was performed under anesthesia to avoid injury to both animal and veterinarian. One of the animal that when through this medical check-up was 3 years old female Javan Langur name Ifa. After a long and thorough examination, Ifa was on the normal condition and free from diseases as the lab result said so.
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity and Total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) of Goat Milk Yoghurt, Goat Milk Yoghurt Fortified by Redand Black Rice Bran Flour
Authors: Haskito A. E. P. , Mahdi C. , Noviatri A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractYoghurt is a functional food which has various health benefit. Goat milk yoghurt contains bioactive peptides which have the potential as antioxidants. Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling process, is recently popular as animal feed. Rice bran provides good nutritional values and high bioactive compounds, such as antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to determine the comparison of antioxidant activity and total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) between goat milk yoghurt and goat milk yoghurt fortifiedby red and black rice bran flour. This was a true experimental study with randomization three factor treatments and five repetitions: (1) goat milk yoghurt without red or black rice bran flour fortification; (2) goat milk yoghurt with 4% red rice bran flour fortification; and (3) goat milk yoghurt with 4% black rice bran flour fortification. Yoghurt used in this experiment was a fermented milk product fromLactobacillusbulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, andLactobacillus acidophilus. Analysis of the total LAB used Total Plate Count (TPC) test and analysis of the antioxidant activity used 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Data were analysed by Ms. Excell 2010. The addition of red and black rice bran flour to goat milk which were fermented together into yoghurt, has proven to increase antioxidant activity and total LAB, with the highest antioxidant activity and total LAB was the addition of black rice bran flour.
Antibacterial Activity of Kefir Grain Levels on Fermented Goat Milk
Authors: Hanum Z. , Yurliasni  , Mardhiah N. , Gaznur Z.M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the use of kefir grains in goat’s milk. Preliminary tests included the total lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The main research includes syneresis test, total plate count, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus inhibition test using the disc method. The study used a non-factorial randomized complete design with 3 treatments and 6 replications. Kefir grains presentation were 5%, 10%, and 15%. The results showed that the population of lactic acid and yeast bacteria was 9.3 × 109 and 1.2 × 107, respectively. The syneresis values were 5%, 10% and 15% by kefir grain addition 36.60%, 52.07% and 52.05%, respectively. The highest total number of microbes was obtained from the use of 5% yeast (7.67 log cfu.ml−1). The highest antibacterial ability was shown in the use of 5% yeast, each of which was 2.19 mm against Escherichia coli and 2.50 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the study concluded that kefir fermentation in goat milk has not been able to inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth.
The Differences of Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity between Plain and Black Rice Bran-fortified Goat Milk Yogurt
Authors: Noviatri A. , Haskito A. E. P. , Mahdi C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Yogurt is one of the health-functional superfoods that obtained from milk fermentation. Goat milk yogurt provides an excellent healthy value due to high nutritional composition and bioactive peptides. Rice bran is a nutrient-rich by-product that has been used as livestock feed and pet food. Black rice bran has good nutritional values, high phenolic and bioactive compounds. Bioactive compound has beneficial in human and animal health, such as antioxidant activity. Considering those health benefits, this study aimed to evaluate the difference of nutritional composition (protein, fat, water, ash, and carbohydrate content) and antioxidant activity between plain and black rice bran-fortified goat milk yogurt. This study used Completed Randomized Design (CRD) with a single treatment factor and 3 repetitions. Nutritional value was obtained by proximate analysis and the antioxidant activity was evaluated with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)radical scavenging activity. The average nutritional values of plain goat milk yogurt was 2.65% protein, 7.51% fat, 84.62% water, 0.81% ash, and 4.41% carbohydrate while the average nutritional value of black rice bran-fortified goat milk yogurt was 3.42 % protein, 6.03% fat, 81.99% water, 0.88% ash, and 7.68% carbohydrate. The average antioxidant activity value in plain goat milk yogurt was 593.72 mg/ml while the average antioxidant activity value for black rice bran-fortified goat milk yogurt was 382.71 mg/ml. The results showed that there were differences in nutritional composition between those two types of yogurt, and black rice bran-fortified goat milk yogurt had higher antioxidant activity.
The effects of fermentation using gamma-irradiated Aspergillus niger and adding rice bran on rice straw digestibility: in vitro study
Authors: Wahyono Teguh , Ansori Dedi , Hardani Shintia Nugrahini Wahyu , Maharani Yunida , Kurniawan Widhi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro digestibility of rice straw fermented with gamma-irradiated Aspergillus niger. This study was also determined to evaluate the in vitro digestibility of the combination fermented rice straw and rice bran as ruminant rations. A 500 Gy gamma-irradiated A. niger was used for the fermentation process in rice straw by 21 days. Completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications was applied in this study. The treatments were: JNF (rice straw), JF (fermented rice straw), JNF 85 (85% rice straw + 15% rice bran), JF 85 (85% fermented rice straw + 15% rice bran), JNF 70 (70% rice straw + 30% rice bran), JF 70 (70% fermented rice straw + 30% rice bran). The observed variables were the nutrient content, in vitro gas production and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD). The results showed that fermentation treatment by gamma-irradiated A. niger could reduce ADF content of rice straw (P<0.05). however, there was no significant difference in NDF content. JF 70 treatment produced the highest in vitro gas production (P<0.05). JF 70 also produced the highest IVTD (P<0.05). in conclusion, fermentation treatment by gamma-irradiated A. niger could reduce ADF content and increase IVTD. Adding rice bran in ruminant rations was also increase the availability of soluble nutrients for rumen microbes.
The Effect of Planting Space on Nutrient Composition of Indigofera zollingeriana in Coconut Plantation
Authors: Telleng MM , Anis SD , Sumolang CIJ , Kaunang WB , Dalie S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research was evaluate leaf and stem nutrient composition of Indigofera zollingeriana with three different planting space in coconut plantation and to determine the suitable planting space of indigofera that produced highest nutrient in the system. The experiment was done at the experimental station of Assessment Institute Agricultural Technology (AIAT) of North Sulawesi, located 12 km from Manado City, North Sulawesi Province. This experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment consisted of three planting space, (1) 1.0x0.5m, (2) 1.0x1.0m, and (3) 1.0x1.5m, each treatment had six replications. Nutrient composition was observed. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and HSD test. The variables measured were dry matter content, protein content and crude fiber content in leaf and stem. The results showed that different planting space were significant different (P<0.05) on leaf protein content, leaf crude fiber content and stem crude fiber conten but were no significant different (P>0.05) on leaf and stem dry matter content. HSD test showed that planting space 1.0m x 1.5m have highest leaf protein content (32.46%) and lowest leaf crude fiber content (10.04%). Based on this research it can be concluded that planting space 1.0m x 1.5m of Indigofera zollingeriana in coconut plantation have the highest nutrient composition.
Characteristics of In Vitro Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility of Ration Supplemented with Different Level of Soybean Oil Calcium Soap
Authors: Bain Ali , Wiryawan Komang G , Astuti DewiApri , Suharti Sri , Arman Chairussyuhur , Nasiu Firman 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The in vitro experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of soybean oil calcium soap (CaS-soybean) supplementation in ration on fermentability characteristics, microbial population and nutrient digestibility by using rumen fluid of Bali cattle. The experiment was arranged in a completelyrandomized block design with 4 different ration treatments with 3 replicates. The ration treatments were R1: 40% native grass (NG) + 60% concentrate (C), R2 (40% NG + 60% C containing 2.5% CaS-soybean), R3: (40% NG + 60% C containing 5.0% CaS-soybean) and R4 (40% NG + 60% C containing 7.5% CaS-soybean). The measured variables were pH, NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids, total bacteria and protozoa (microbial populations), dry matter and, and organic matter digestibility. The datawere analyzed by using Analysis of Variance and the differences between treatments were examined with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The experimental results showed that the different feed treatments did not have any significant effect on pH, ammonia (NH3-N) concentration, total bacteria, protozoa population, dry matter, and organic matter digestibility. However, the treatments significantly affect the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. Ration with 7.5% CaS-soybean (R4) had the highest VFA concentration compared to R1 (Control), R2 (control ration + 2.5% CaS-soybean and R3 (control ration contains 5% CaS-soybean).Feed treatment supplemented with 5.0% CaS-soybean (R3) had a higher total VFA concentrationcompare to control rations (R0). In conclusion, supplementation of the different levels of CaS-soybean within concentrate created thenormal of in vitro fermentation characteristics and the total production of VFA.
Physical Characteristics Analysis of Complete Silage Made of Sorghum Forage, King Grass and Natural Grass
Authors: Tahuk Paulus Klau , Bira Gerson Frans , Taga Hendrik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of complete silage made from forage sorghum, king grass and natural grass. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Timor University, Kefamenanu-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) for 3 months, including preparation, adaptation, and data collection. The study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Each treatment included TI: sorghum 45% + lamtoro 20% + corn flour 25% + bran pollard 10%; T2: 45% natural grass + 20% lamtoro + 25% corn flour + 10% bran pollard and T3: king grass 45% + lamtoro 20% + corn flour 25% + bran pollard 10%. The parameters measured were the physical characteristics of complete silage in the form of color, texture, aroma, and the presence of fungus using panelists and the degree of acidity measured by a pH meter. Data were analyzed based on analysis of variance procedures.The results showed that the use of different forage sources as a base material in making complete silage had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the silage color and the presence of fungus but it did not affect the texture, aroma and acidity. It was concluded that the use of sorghum in making complete silage displayed the best physical characteristics characterized by natural green/yellowish green, dense textured, acidic (still fresh), pH 4.3 and the absence of fungus.
Effect of dry carboxylate salt mixture of fish oil supplementation on fatty acids compositions of cow milk fat
Authors: Tasse Andi Murlina , Asminaya Nur Santy , Nasiu Firman , Isnaeni Purnaning Dhian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding dry carboxylate salt mixture of fish oil (DCM-FO) on fatty acids composition of cow milk fat. Eight lactating Friesian Holstein crossbred cows with an average weight of 275 to 300 kg produced 3 to 3.5 liters milk per day, were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. All cows were fed approximately 4 kg of concentrate and maize husk, each weight 2 kg. Two treatment groups were given no supplement and 90 g of DCM-FO as a supplement, respectively. Result of the study showed that supplementing DCM-FO in lactating cows feed significantly increased milk fat, caprylic acid (C8:0), capric acid (C10:0), myristic acid (C14:0), EPA (C20:5n-3), and DHA (C22:6n-3). Inversely, 90 g DCM-FO supplementation in dietary can significantly decrease oleic acid (C18:1). Supplementing 90 g DCM-FO in dietary had no significant effect on lauric acid (C12:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3). The study indicated that supplementing 90 g of DCM-FO in lactating cows feed did not enhance long-chain fatty acids except for EPA and DHA in cow milk. However, it increased milk fat and short-chain fatty acids in cow milk fat.
Comparison of Vitamin, Anthocyanin, and Bioactive Compounds from Gajah and Padi Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) Peel as Potential Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Hidayah N , Lubis R , Nurhaita  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Synthetic antioxidants have recently been reported to be dangerous for animal and human health. Thus, natural antioxidants from by-product plant materials are potential to replace synthetic ones. Vitamin C, E, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and phenolic compound have been proposed as a biological antioxidants. This experiment was designed to evaluate and compare the content of vitamin (C and E), anthocyanin, and bioactive compound (tannin and total phenol) from Gajah and Padi jengkol peel to assess their potentials as natural antioxidants. Data were analyzed descriptively by calculated the average of the data. The results showed that there were no differences between vitamin C and E percentage from gajah and padi Jengkol peel. Percentage of vitamin C was in low category and vitamin E was in medium category. Anthocyanin content of Padi Jengkol peel was 37.35% higher than Gajah Jengkol peel. Likewise, tannin and total phenol content of padi jengkol peel were almost 2 times higher than the gajah jengkol peel. It is concluded that padi jengkol peel are more potential to be used as a natural antioxidants than gajah jengkol peel.
Introduced tree legumes Indigofera zollingeriana to enhance potential carrying capacity of Brachiaria humidicola pasture in coconut plantations
Authors: Telleng M.M , Anis S.D , Kaligis D.A , Kaunang W , Malalantang S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Coconut still one of the economic backbone of society. A tropical grass namely Brachiaria humidicola well adapted under mature coconuts, un fortune crude protein content of this grass fluctuated lower than minimum requirement in the ruminant diet. Furthermore, carrying capacity pasture based on B. humidicola in coconut plantation able to provide only the needs of total digestible nutrient for cattle with bodyweight no exceed to 250 Kg. Therefore, to increase crude protein content needs nitrogen fertilizer application but costly and in some circumstance occurred negative impacts on the environment. Herbaceous legume integrated as mixed pasture failed to persist due to the aggressiveness of this grass. There are some kind of tree legumes i.e., I. zollingeriana. This research aims to study the ability of I. zollingeriana to produce leaves as a source of protein and dry matter to enhance the carrying capacity. From animal feeds point of view B. humidicola solely could provides dry matter, crude protein and TDN for cattle with bodyweight 250 Kg, and I. zollingeriana as well, but the latter provides crude protein almost double more than B. humidicola. This means that both species altogether in the same space could provide feeds for body weight (BW) more.
Potential local microorganisms of local plants as a source of probiotics for livestock
Authors: Tarman Allaily , Mudatsir  , Tridayana Icha , Imran  , Asminaya Nur Santy , Aman Yaman M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The use of antibiotics as a growth promotor in livestock in Indonesia has been banned since January 2018 due to the negative effects of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study was conducted aiming to obtain the potential of natural probiotics derived from local plants as an alternative of antibiotics. This study used materials in the form of roots and leaves that exist on the coast, in plantation areas, and in mountainous areas. The coastal area is the crown flower (Calotropis gigantean Dryand), in the plantation area is the fern plant (Nephrolepis biserrata), and in the mountainous area is the citronella plant (Cymbopogon nardus). Plant parts taken are roots and leaves. Each part of the roots and leaves was chopped by 1-2 cm, then as much as 1 kg of material soaked in 4 l of water containing 100 grams of sugar and then stored at room temperature for 21 days in a closed container. This research was conducted in vitro. The parameters measured were physical, namely odor, chemical in the form of pH and total acid, and microbiology, namely total lactic acid microbes. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and displayed in the form of figures and tables. The results showed that all materials were seen from the physical odor that smelled rather acidic, chemically pH of 3.09-3.58 and had a total acid of 1.07-2.09% microbiologically there was total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of 1.5-223 cfu/ml. Potential the best amount of LAB is in crown flower and ferns is in the roots, while the citronella is in the leaves. In conclusion, the three plants studied have the potential of local microorganisms to be used as natural probiotics for livestock, so that alternative antibiotics are cheap, safe and easy to obtain.
Growth and Yield of Cajanus Cajan Forage at Different Cutting Interval of Regrowth Defoliation
Authors: Abidinsyah Dian Agustina , Jusoh Shokri , Suyub Iswan Budy , Yaakub Halimatun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp is Fabaceae family (alt. Leguminosae). It has a different common name the most common is congo pea, pigeon pea or yellow dahl. The morphological of the plant is an annual or short-lived perennial shrub or small tree with leaves trifoliate, alternate, set in a spiral around the stem, flowers usually yellow and a flat pods (5–9 cm long, 12–13 mm wide, containing 2–9 oval to round seeds varying in color from light beige to dark brown) that can grow up to one to four meters and usually with an erect woody at the base. Cajanus cajan primarily grown as a grain crop for seed for human consumption with over 4 million hectares cultivated worldwide. The foliage may be cut and fed to livestock fresh or conserved. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of Cajanus cajan forage at different cutting intervals of regrowth defoliation. The seeds were collected from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was conducted in Field 15 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. The regrowth was harvested after 3 months plot establishment period. The regrowth of Cajanus cajan forages at 4-weeks, 8-weeks and 12-weeks old were harvested to determine the quantity and quality. The results indicate that the different cutting intervals had significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height (68, 111, and 137 cm), fresh weight (38, 142, and 192 g), dry matter (14, 52.5, and 71.2 g), leaf to stem ratio (3.0, 1.3, and 1.8 g) and yield of Cajanus cajan forage (1.5, 5.5, and 7.5 ton/ha/cutting). The older cutting age had increased the yield. However, the best cutting interval of Cajanus cajan as ruminant feed for optimal production was 8 weeks (33 ton/ha/year).
The Potential of Puree Jamblang (Syzygum cumini) in Improving the Quality of Acidophilus Milk as a Probiotic
Authors: Yurliasni  , Hanum Zuraida , Usman Yunasri 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research on the use of jamblang puree in fermented milk has been carried out in Milk Processing Science and Technology Laboratory. The aim is to investigate the function of jamblang puree in enhancing acidophilus milk as a probiotic drink. This research uses a completely randomized factorial pattern design, consisting of two factors, namely the percentage of jamblang puree (A) with 4 levels (0, 10, 20 and 30)% and the percentage of starter (B) with 3 levels (2.5, 5, 7.5)%. The starter used is Lactobacillus acidophillus. Changes in the quality of acidhopillus milk are known through the measurement of pH, syneresis value, and total lactic acid bacteria. The results showed that the addition of jamblang puree significantly decreased the pH value and total lactic acid bacteria but the interaction of the two factors significantly increased syneresis. In conclusion, the addition of jamblang puree creates products whose quality is still in the SNI range so it can be categorized as a product that is suitable for consumption.