bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islamic business ethics and practices of Islamic banks
Authors: Musa Muhammad Adli , Sukor Mohd Edil Abd , Ismail Mohd Nazari , Elias Muhd Ramadhan Fitri 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the perception of Islamic bank employees in Malaysia and selected Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, namely, Bahrain, Oman and the UAE, on various issues related to Islamic business ethics and the practices of the Islamic banks at which they work.

Design/methodology/approach
The required data to determine Islamic bank employees’ ethical perceptions is sourced from 144 completed survey questionnaires and interviews with 12 Islamic bank senior executives. Islamic model of normative business ethics is used to measure the relationship between attitudes and behaviours of employees and the ethical practices of Islamic banks.

Findings
Results show that the Islamic bank personnel working in Malaysia and the GCC perceived that their banks conform to Islamic ethical norms in business. These banks were seen to be concerned with their impact on society, and ethics prevailed over profit-maximisation. The findings also suggest that despite being less regulated compared to Malaysia, Islamic bank personnel in GCC had a better impression of the ethical standard practised in their institutions compared to the feedback given by their Malaysian counterparts. Additionally, this research also proves that, in general, there is a positive correlation between attitudes and behaviours of employees and the ethical practices of Islamic banks.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of the study is that the respondents were not selected randomly but rather through a convenient sampling of personal contacts. Despite the inherent limitation of the sampling method because of the constraints of time and resources, the large number of respondents from 12 different banks are representative of the Islamic bank employees in Malaysia and the GCC.

Practical implications
The findings may serve as a useful input for Islamic financial institutions in improving their practices to conform with Islamic ethical norms.

Originality/value
The topic of Islamic business ethics and the practices of Islamic banks have not been fully understood by its stakeholders. This paper aims to give insights on how far Islamic bank business practices in Muslim majority societies fit with the prescribed business framework in Islam and its contributing value for both the organization and employees.
Assessing the impact of entrepreneurial skills development on self-employment practices amongst Egyptian and Bahraini accounting students in public and private universities
Authors: Reyad Sameh , Badawi Sherine , Hamdan Allam 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper examines the development of entrepreneurial skills amongst accounting students in public and private universities and its impact on career pathways, including self-employment. Also, the paper explores what skills have an effect on self-employment intentions.

Design/Methodology/approach
This study uses a quantitative approach to measure the entrepreneurial skills developed by accounting students in business schools and whether these skills direct them to choose to start their own business. A questionnaire was developed and a sample of 583 Egyptian and Bahraini accounting students was used.

Findings
The study concludes that in private universities, there is no difference in the development of entrepreneurial skills and subsequent self-employment practices between students in Egypt and Bahrain. When it comes to public universities, students in Bahrain develop better entrepreneurial skills and subsequent self-employment practices than students in Egypt. In addition, private universities are better than public universities in representing the relationship between entrepreneurial skills and self-employment practices.

Originality/value
This study and its conclusions fill a gap in the literature in comparing public and private universities to highlight the relationship between developing accounting students’ entrepreneurial skills and their self-employment practices. This study is the first to compare universities in Egypt and the Kingdom of Bahrain.
Corruption and anti-corruption strategies in Iran
Authors: Salihu Habeeb Abdulrauf , Jafari Amin 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the various anti-corruption strategies used to fight economic and financial crimes in both the public and private sectors in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper relied essentially on a secondary source of information. Materials used were collected in an eclectic manner from published outlets such as journal publications, books, online sources and newspaper reports. Also, official documents and statutes were also used. This study’s scope is limited to issues and analysis relating to measures adopted to combat corruption in Iran.

Findings
The legal and institutional frameworks analysed indicated that Iran has a robust anti-corruption scheme. However, there is no adequate measure available to gauge the effectiveness of these measures.

Practical implications
The paper concludes that conventional anti-corruption methods are not enough to fight corruption in this present time, thus, the implementation of whistle-blower policy and allowing freedom of operation of the civil society organisations and media would assist in the fight against corruption in Iran.

Originality/value
The paper provides the legal and institutional anti-corruption frameworks in Iran. It explores the three major approaches or methods of combating corruption and other corrupt practices in Iran.
Variation in host home range size decreases rabies vaccination effectiveness by increasing the spatial spread of rabies virus
Authors: McClure Katherine M. , Gilbert Amy T. , Chipman Richard B. , Rees Erin E. , Pepin Kim M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Animal movement influences the spatial spread of directly transmitted wildlife disease through host–host contact structure. Wildlife disease hosts vary in home range‐associated foraging and social behaviours, which may increase the spread and intensity of disease outbreaks. The consequences of variation in host home range movement and space use on wildlife disease dynamics are poorly understood, but could help to predict disease spread and determine more effective disease management strategies.

We developed a spatially explicit individual‐based model to examine the effect of spatiotemporal variation in host home range size on the spatial spread rate, persistence and incidence of rabies virus (RABV) in raccoons (Procyon lotor). We tested the hypothesis that variation in home range size increases RABV spread and decreases vaccination effectiveness in host populations following pathogen invasion into a vaccination zone.

We simulated raccoon demography and RABV dynamics across a range of magnitudes and variances in weekly home range size for raccoons. We examined how variable home range size influenced the relative effectiveness of three components of oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programmes targeting raccoons—timing and frequency of bait delivery, width of the ORV zone and proportion of hosts immunized.

Variability in weekly home range size increased RABV spread rates by 1.2‐fold to 5.2‐fold compared to simulations that assumed a fixed home range size. More variable host home range sizes decreased relative vaccination effectiveness by 71% compared to less variable host home range sizes under conventional vaccination conditions. We found that vaccination timing was more influential for vaccination effectiveness than vaccination frequency or vaccination zone width.

Our results suggest that variation in wildlife home range movement behaviour increases the spatial spread and incidence of RABV. Our vaccination results underscore the importance of prioritizing individual‐level space use and movement data collection to understand wildlife disease dynamics and plan their effective control and elimination.
Impact of electronic bedside meal ordering systems on dietary intake, patient satisfaction, plate waste and costs: A systematic literature review
Authors: MacKenzie‐Shalders Kristen , Maunder Kirsty , So Daniel , Norris Rebecca , McCray Sally 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimHospital foodservices provide an important opportunity to deliver valuable dietary support to patients, address hospital‐acquired malnutrition risk and enhance patient satisfaction. Modifying the meal ordering process through the adoption of technology may actively engage patients in the process and provide an opportunity to influence patient and organisational outcomes. This systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the impact of electronic bedside meal ordering systems in hospitals on patient dietary intake, patient satisfaction, plate waste and costs.MethodsA systematic search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted across MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science for randomised controlled trials and observational studies comparing the effect of electronic bedside meal ordering systems with traditional menus on dietary intake, patient satisfaction, plate waste and cost. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality Criteria Checklist for Primary Research tool.ResultsFive studies involving 720 patients were included. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, the results were narratively synthesised. Electronic bedside meal ordering systems positively impacted patient dietary intake, patient satisfaction, plate waste and costs compared with traditional menus.ConclusionsDespite the increase in healthcare foodservices adopting digital health solutions, there is limited research specifically measuring the impact of electronic bedside meal ordering systems on patient and organisational outcomes. This study highlights potential benefits of electronic bedside meal ordering systems for hospitals using traditional paper menu systems, while also identifying the need for continued research to generate evidence to understand the impact of this change and inform future successful innovations.
The dietetic workforce distribution geographic atlas provides insight into the inequitable access for dietetic services for people with type 2 diabetes in Australia
Authors: Siopis George , Jones Alexandra , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimDietetic intervention delivered by Accredited Practising Dietitians is demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes of type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to assess the accessibility to dietetic intervention for people with type 2 diabetes in Australia.MethodsPrevalence data and dietitian workforce distribution data were sourced from Diabetes Australia and Dietitians Association of Australia, respectively. Geographical information system mapping and statistical analysis were used to compare the ratios of dietitians to people with type 2 diabetes across the states of Australia and by index of socio‐economic advantage and disadvantage in each state.ResultsAn inequitable distribution of the dietetic workforce and that of the people with type 2 diabetes across Australia was demonstrated. An uneven distribution of the workforce is evidenced across states when compared to the distribution of type 2 diabetes prevalence; with New South Wales having a better ratio than Victoria and South Australia. Maps and prevalence data revealed the dietetic workforce was mostly concentrated in affluent urban centres whereas the type 2 diabetes prevalence rates were higher in rural and remote areas and in areas of lower socio‐economic status.ConclusionsThis research highlights the need to address the limited access to dietetic intervention for those in rural, remote and disadvantaged areas which also have the greatest need. The financial burden of treating diabetic complications on the national health budget necessitates government initiatives. These should include better use of telehealth dietetic consultations and incentives for dietitians to work in rural, remote and disadvantaged areas.
Microbial composition of Kombucha determined using amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics
Authors: Arıkan Muzaffer , Mitchell Alex L. , Finn Robert D. , Gürel Filiz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractKombucha, a fermented tea generated from the co‐culture of yeasts and bacteria, has gained worldwide popularity in recent years due to its potential benefits to human health. As a result, many studies have attempted to characterize both its biochemical properties and microbial composition. Here, we have applied a combination of whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) and amplicon (16S rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 [ITS1]) sequencing to investigate the microbial communities of homemade Kombucha fermentations from day 3 to day 15. We identified the dominant bacterial genus as Komagataeibacter and dominant fungal genus as Zygosaccharomyces in all samples at all time points. Furthermore, we recovered three near complete Komagataeibacter genomes and one Zygosaccharomyces bailii genome and then predicted their functional properties. Also, we determined the broad taxonomic and functional profile of plasmids found within the Kombucha microbial communities. Overall, this study provides a detailed description of the taxonomic and functional systems of the Kombucha microbial community. Based on this, we conject that the functional complementarity enables metabolic cross talks between Komagataeibacter species and Z. bailii, which helps establish the sustained a relatively low diversity ecosystem in Kombucha.
Efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation in Crohn’s disease: a new target treatment?
Authors: Xiang Liyuan , Ding Xiao , Li Qianqian , Wu Xia , Dai Min , Long Chuyan , He Zhi , Cui Bota , Zhang Faming 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in Crohn’s disease (CD) remains unclear due to lack of data. This study aimed to assess the value of FMT in treating CD‐related clinical targets. The use of FMT for CD as a registered trial (NCT01793831) was performed between October 2012 and December 2017. Seven therapeutic targets included abdominal pain, diarrhoea, hematochezia, fever, steroid‐dependence, enterocutaneous fistula and active perianal fistula. Each target was recorded as 1 (yes) or 0 (no) during the long‐term follow‐up for each patient. The primary outcome was the rate of improvement in each therapeutic target. Overall, 174 patients completed the follow‐up. The median follow‐up duration was 43 (interquartile range, 28–59) months. The median score of the total targets was 2 (range, 1–4) before FMT, and it decreased significantly at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after FMT (P < 0.001 respectively). At 1 month after FMT, 72.7% (101/139), 61.6% (90/146), 76% (19/25) and 70.6% (12/17) of patients achieved improvement in abdominal pain, diarrhoea, hematochezia and fever respectively. Furthermore, 50% (10/20) of steroid‐dependent patients achieved steroid‐free remission after FMT. The present findings indicate that it is important to understand the efficacy of FMT in CD as a targeted therapy, especially for abdominal pain, hematochezia, fever and diarrhoea.
The Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Pain Interference in a Nationally Representative Sample: The Moderating Roles of Gender and Alcohol Use Disorder Symptomatology
Authors: Yeung Ellen W. , Lee Matthew R. , McDowell Yoanna , Sher Kenneth J. , Gizer Ian R. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPrior research on alcohol consumption and pain has yielded inconsistent results regarding the directionality of effects for both consumption‐to‐pain and pain‐to‐consumption relations. The present study sought to examine directionality of these relations by testing bidirectional longitudinal associations between consumption and pain interference, a crucial aspect of pain that captures pain‐related disability and has been regarded as a valuable measure of treatment outcome. In addition, this study explored possible moderation of these bidirectional longitudinal associations by gender and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptomatology.MethodsAnalyses included 29,989 current/former drinkers who were interviewed at both waves (2001 and 2004) of the U.S. National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Analyses used self‐report data from both waves on past‐year average daily volume of alcohol consumed and past‐month pain interference (1 item from the Medical Outcomes Study 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey [MOS‐SF‐12]). AUDADIS‐IV data from Wave 1 were used to index baseline AUD symptomatology (i.e., symptom count). Cross‐lagged panel modeling and multigroup analyses were employed.ResultsRegarding the consumption‐to‐pain‐interference relation, in general, higher baseline alcohol consumption was associated with lower subsequent pain interference at follow‐up. However, among men with higher AUD‐symptom counts, the opposite pattern emerged, with higher baseline alcohol consumption being significantly related to higher subsequent pain interference at follow‐up. Regarding the pain‐interference‐to‐consumption relation, higher baseline pain interference was significantly associated with lower subsequent alcohol consumption at follow‐up, and no moderating effects were observed.ConclusionsThe distinctive patterns of the consumption‐to‐pain‐interference relation observed among men with elevated AUD symptomatology suggest that this relation might be driven by different mechanisms across different groups of individuals. Specifically, the detrimental effect of alcohol on pain interference might emerge at relatively advanced stages of AUD among men, consistent with Koob’s Dark Side of Alcohol Addiction theory in human research.
Reduction in Late‐Night Violence following the Introduction of National New Zealand Trading Hour Restrictions
Authors: Huckle Taisia , Parker Karl , Mavoa Suzanne , Casswell Sally 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the early impact of national alcohol trading hour restrictions on nighttime violence in New Zealand. The new national maximum trading hour restrictions prohibited 24‐hour trading by reducing hours to between 8 am and 4 am for on‐premises and between 7 am and 11 pm for take‐away outlets.MethodsA telephone survey of alcohol outlets was undertaken to determine actual trading hours before the law change. Interrupted time‐series analysis modeled weekly nighttime police calls for service for assault (i.e., between 9 pm and 6 am) and late‐night police calls for service for assault (i.e., between 4 am and 6 am) from 2005 to 2015. Daytime police calls for service for assaults were used as the comparison group. Abrupt permanent changes and gradual permanent changes were assessed.ResultsThe survey found that only 1% of alcohol shops, 9% of supermarkets, and 6% of bars/nightclubs were affected by the hour restrictions because they did not trade as long as their licensed hours permitted in the first place. The time‐series analysis found no effect of the national trading hour restrictions on nighttime police calls for service for assaults. However, a significant gradual permanent decrease of 12.4% was found for late‐night assaults between 4 am and 6 am (i.e., those likely related to the on‐premises hour restriction). This equated to a weekly average decrease of 4.3 police calls for service for assaults between 4 am and 6 am following the law change.ConclusionsThe national trading hour restrictions for on‐premises and take‐away outlets affected only a small proportion of premises, and no change in the overall level of nighttime violence was found following the restrictions. Late‐night assaults likely related to on‐premises, however, did reduce showing the likely effectiveness of trading hour restrictions even when the impact of the law change on the ground was minimal.
GRIN2B Gene Polymorphism in Chronic Ketamine Users
Authors: Fan Ni , An Lina , Zhang Minling , He Hongbo , Zhou Yanling , Ou Yufen 
Published: January 2020

Background and ObjectivesWe examined the allelic variants of N‐methyl‐
d‐aspartate receptor 2B (GRIN2B) and analyzed the associations between GRIN2B gene polymorphism with ketamine use conditions and psychopathological symptoms in chronic ketamine users.MethodsA total of 231 subjects were recruited. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms of GRIN2B, rs1805502, rs7301328, rs890, and rs1806201 were examined in 151 male chronic ketamine users and 80 controls. Psychopathological symptoms in chronic ketamine users were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory.ResultsThe genotype CC of rs1806201 had a lower frequency in ketamine users than that in control subjects (χ2 = 8.167, P = .004) and the T allele frequency of rs1806201 in ketamine users was higher than that in the control subjects (P = .009, odds ratio = 2.019 [1.196‐3.410]). Ketamine users of genotype TT and CC of rs1806201 had an earlier onset of ketamine use than subjects of genotype TC (P = .038, P = .049, respectively). The dose of ketamine consumption per day of use was higher in genotype GG of rs7301328 than that in those with CG in ketamine users (P = .026). There were no significant differences of the severity of psychopathologic symptoms among different genotypes tested.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceGRIN2B gene polymorphism may play a role in ketamine abuse. (Am J Addict 2020;29:105–110)
Critical appraisal of the learning curve of minimally invasive hepatectomy: experience with the first 200 cases of a Southeast Asian early adopter
Authors: Goh Brian K. P. , Prieto Mikel , Syn Nicholas , Koh Ye‐Xin , Lim Kai‐Inn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundA recent study analysing the experience of fellowship‐trained early adopting surgeons during stage 3 of the IDEAL paradigm demonstrated that the learning curve (LC) of minimally invasive hepatectomy (MIH) can be shortened compared to the long steep LC of pioneering surgeons. In this study, we aimed to critically appraise the contemporary learning experience with MIH of a ‘self‐taught’ early adopter during stage 3 of the IDEAL paradigm.MethodsA review of the first 200 patients who underwent MIH over an 88‐month period since 2011 by a single surgeon who had no prior training in MIH was conducted. The cohort was divided into four groups of 50 patients. Risk‐adjusted cumulative sum analysis of the LC was performed.ResultsTwo hundred patients underwent MIH and there were 13 (6.5%) open conversions. There were 55 (27.5%) major resections and 94 (47.0%) were graded as high/expert difficulty according to the Iwate criteria. Fifty‐one (25.5%) patients had cirrhosis and 98 (49%) had previous abdominal surgery including 28 (14%) with previous liver resections. There were five (2.5%) major (Grade 3b–5) morbidities, zero 30‐day mortality and one (0.5%) 90‐day mortality. Comparison across the four groups demonstrated a significant trend towards increased adoption of total MIH, increased multifocal tumours, increased performance of major hepatectomies and decreased blood loss. Risk‐adjusted cumulative sum analysis demonstrated that the LC in terms of blood loss, blood transfusion rate, open conversion rate, operation time and post‐operative length of stay to be 65 cases. The LC for MIH of Iwate low/intermediate difficulty and of Iwate high/expert difficulty were 35 and 30 cases, respectively.ConclusionMIH of all difficulty levels is feasible and can be safely adopted today even by surgeons with no prior formal training. The LC of the ‘self‐taught’ early adopter is about 65 cases.