bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel mitochondrial transition pore inhibitor N‐methyl‐4‐isoleucine cyclosporin is a new therapeutic option in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Tóth Emese , Maléth József , Závogyán Noémi , Fanczal Júlia , Grassalkovich Anna , Erdős Réka , Pallagi Petra , Horváth Gergő , Tretter László , Bálint Emese Réka , Rakonczay Zoltán , Venglovecz Viktória , Hegyi Péter 
Published: October 2019

Key points
Bile acids, ethanol and fatty acids affect pancreatic ductal fluid and bicarbonate secretion via mitochondrial damage, ATP depletion and calcium overload.
Pancreatitis‐inducing factors open the membrane transition pore (mPTP) channel via cyclophilin D activation in acinar cells, causing calcium overload and cell death; genetic or pharmacological inhibition of mPTP improves the outcome of acute pancreatitis in animal models.
Here we show that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mPTP protects mitochondrial homeostasis and cell function evoked by pancreatitis‐inducing factors in pancreatic ductal cells.
The results also show that the novel cyclosporin A derivative NIM811 protects mitochondrial function in acinar and ductal cells, and it preserves bicarbonate transport mechanisms in pancreatic ductal cells.
We found that NIM811 is highly effective in different experimental pancreatitis models and has no side‐effects. NIM811 is a highly suitable compound to be tested in clinical trials.
AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the development of acute pancreatitis (AP); however, no compound is currently available with clinically acceptable effectiveness and safety. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel mitochondrial transition pore inhibitor, N‐methyl‐4‐isoleucine cyclosporin (NIM811), in AP. Pancreatic ductal and acinar cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion from Bl/6 mice. In vitro measurements were performed by confocal microscopy and microfluorometry. Preventative effects of pharmacological [cylosporin A (2 µm), NIM811 (2 µm)] or genetic (Ppif−/−/Cyp D KO) inhibition of the mitochondrial transition pore (mPTP) during the administration of either bile acids (BA) or ethanol + fatty acids (EtOH+FA) were examined. Toxicity of mPTP inhibition was investigated by detecting apoptosis and necrosis. In vivo effects of the most promising compound, NIM811 (5 or 10 mg kg−1 per os), were checked in three different AP models induced by either caerulein (10 × 50 µg kg−1), EtOH+FA (1.75 g kg−1 ethanol and 750 mg kg−1 palmitic acid) or 4% taurocholic acid (2 ml kg−1). Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Cyp D significantly prevented the toxic effects of BA and EtOH+FA by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) and preventing the loss of mitochondrial mass. In vivo experiments revealed that per os administration of NIM811 has a protective effect in AP by reducing oedema, necrosis, leukocyte infiltration and serum amylase level in AP models. Administration of NIM811 had no toxic effects. The novel mitochondrial transition pore inhibitor NIM811 thus seems to be an exceptionally good candidate compound for clinical trials in AP.
Modified Genetic Algorithm to Traveling Salesman Problem for Large Input Datasets
Authors: Vladimirov* Vladimir , Sapundzhi Fatima , Kraleva Radoslava , Kralev Velin 
Published: October 2019

The use of graphs is widely applied in modeling and solving problems in the field of computer science and bioinformatics.Therefore, it is essential to develop and improve algorithms reducing their computational complexity andВ increasing the precision of the solutions generated by them as well as the size of the input data.In this study two well-known algorithms for solving the problem for finding a minimum Hamiltonian cycle in weighted, undirected and complete graph (also known as Travelling Salesman Problem Гўв‚¬вЂњ- TSP) are analyzed.The first algorithm is based on the backtracking method and it always finds the optimal solution, while with the second one, the genetic algorithm (GA), finding the optimal solution is not always guaranteed.The aims of the study are to determine: (1)which of the algorithms can be used so that the resulting solution is optimal or near-optimal and the execution time be reasonable depending on the size of the input data; (2)the influence of GA parameter values on the quality of the resulting solutions for large size of the input data. The parameters determine the number of solutions in each population and the number of all generations.The analysis of the results revealed that:(1) the algorithm that finds all possible solutions can be used for graphs with a small number of vertices (not more than 20), whereas GA can be used for graphs with a large number of vertices; (2) in graphs with a small number of vertices: n<20 (and n*(n-1)/2 edges) GA always finds the optimal solution as long asВ enoughВ solution space is set. However, the number of all Hamiltonian cycles in a complete graph with n vertices ((n-1)!/2) is bigger than the solution space; (3) all input datasets showed that with the number increase of vertices in the graph it is necessary to increase the number of the current solutions in the population. In this way GA reaches a certain rate of convergence faster, i.e.,В a generation after which the space of solutions contains only optimal solutions or near optimal ones.Acknowledgments: This work is partially supported by the project of the Bulgarian National Science Fund, entitled: Гўв‚¬Е“Bioinformatics research: protein folding, docking and prediction of biological activityГўв‚¬Вќ, NSF I02/16, 12.12.14.
Structural, electronic and elastic properties of ZnGeN2 and WZ-GaN under different hydrostatic pressures: A first-principle study
Authors: Chandra S. , Kumar V. 
Published: October 2019

The structural, electronic and elastic properties of orthorhombic ZnGeN2 and wurtzite (WZ)-GaN semiconductors have been studied under different pressures using first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The lattice constants (a, b and c) and energy bandgaps ([Formula: see text]) have been calculated under ambient condition. The elastic properties such as elastic stiffness constants ([Formula: see text]), shear modulus (G), bulk modulus (B), Young modulus ([Formula: see text]), B/G ratio and Poisson ratio ([Formula: see text]) have been studied at 50, 100, 110, 120, 150, 160, 180 and 190 GPa pressures for the first time as well as at 0 GPa. The calculated values of [Formula: see text] show that the ZnGeN2 and GaN are stable up to 180 and 150 GPa, respectively, and afterwards phase changes and become unstable. The band structure of ZnGeN2 reveals direct band gap behavior up to 100 GPa and becomes indirect band gap at 110 GPa. However, GaN is direct band gap up to 150 GPa and becomes indirect at 160 GPa. Comparing the results of both semiconductors, it is observed that ZnGeN2 is similar to WZ-GaN up to 100 GPa in all respect and can be used in many applications in place of WZ-GaN. The calculated values of all parameters are in reasonable agreement with the known values.
A Bispecific Antibody Targeting the αv and α5β1 Integrins Induces Integrin Degradation in Prostate Cancer Cells and Is Superior to Monospecific Antibodies
Authors: Joshi Raghav , Ren Wenying , Mathew Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Fibronectin-binding integrins α5β1 and αv collaborate in prostate cancer–bone stromal interactions relevant to the colonization of the bone marrow microenvironment. Combinatorial inactivation of these integrins on prostate cancer cells was assessed. Monospecific antibodies to α5β1and αv integrins alone (MAb) and in combination (cMAb), and a bispecific antibody that simultaneously targets α5β1and αv integrins (BsAbα5β1/αv) were compared in assays of chemotaxis, clonogenic survival, and induction of endothelial migration. Cellular expression of integrins, their transcription, translation, and degradation fate was compared. The BsAbα5β1/αv was superior to MAbs and cMAbs in abrogating adhesion, migration, clonogenic survival, and induction of endothelial migration responses by prostate cancer cells. Integrin upregulation observed with MAbs or cMAbs was abrogated with the BsAbα5β1/αv. Loss of integrin expression was uniquely induced by the BsAbα5β1/αv and blocked by lysosomal inhibition.

Implications:
A novel and effective combinatorial strategy to target α5β1and αv integrins is defined for translational studies.

Visual Overview:
http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/18/1/27/F1.large.jpg.
Caracterização faciológica e evolução sedimentar da Formação Moeda (Supergrupo Minas) na porção noroeste do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais
Authors: Madeira Mariana De Resende , Martins Maximiliano De Souza , Martins Gustavo Pereira , Alkmim Fernando Flecha 
Published: October 2019

A Formação Moeda, ao longo da região noroeste do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, registra os primeiros estágios da Bacia Minas, desenvolvida no limite Neoarqueano/Paleoproterozoico no sul do Cráton do São Francisco (CSF). Este trabalho analisa essa unidade a partir de seis perfis estratigráficos de detalhe nos quais foram identificadas nove fácies sedimentares: quatro conglomeráticas (Gms, Gm, Gt e Gp), três essencialmente areníticas (St, Sp e Sh) e duas predominantemente pelíticas (Fl e Fsc). As seções estratigráficas foram correlacionadas, possibilitando o agrupamento das fácies em cinco associações geneticamente relacionadas. As associações de fácies AF1 e AF2 representam sistemas de leques aluviais que evoluíram para planícies fluviais entrelaçadas. AF3 está relacionada a um sistema lacustre associado a marinho raso nas porções distais. Por fim, as associações de fácies AF4 e AF5 representam planícies fluviais entrelaçadas encerradas por uma transgressão marinha no estágio final de evolução da bacia. Com o auxílio do mapeamento geológico-estrutural de detalhe dessas associações e da confecção de uma seção restaurada foi possível interpretar que as AF1, AF2, AF3 e a porção basal da AF4 foram depositadas durante os estágios iniciais do rifteamento continental, e as demais associações materializam a transição rifte-margem passiva.
The Formation of Symmetrical Gestalts Is Task-Independent, but Can Be Enhanced by Active Regularity Discrimination
Authors: Makin Alexis D. J. , Rampone Giulia , Morris Amie , Bertamini Marco 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The brain can organize elements into perceptually meaningful gestalts. Visual symmetry is a useful tool to study gestalt formation, and we know that there are symmetry-sensitive regions in the extrastriate cortex. However, it is unclear whether symmetrical gestalt formation happens automatically, whatever the participant's current task is. Does the visual brain always organize and interpret the retinal image when possible, or only when necessary? To test this, we recorded an ERP called the sustained posterior negativity (SPN). SPN amplitude increases with the proportion of symmetry in symmetry + noise displays. We compared the SPN across five tasks with different cognitive and perceptual demands. Contrary to our predictions, the SPN was the same across four of the five tasks but selectively enhanced during active regularity discrimination. Furthermore, during regularity discrimination, the SPN was present on hit trials and false alarm trials but absent on miss and correct rejection trials. We conclude that gestalt formation is automatic and task-independent, although it occasionally fails on miss trials. However, it can be enhanced by attention to visual regularity.
<p><strong>Revised morphological descriptions of <em>Otatea nayeeri</em> and <em>O. transvolcanica</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Guaduinae) and a reproductive key to <em>Otatea</em></strong></p>
Authors: RUIZ-SANCHEZ EDUARDO , CASTRO-CASTRO ARTURO , ORTIZ-BRUNEL JUAN PABLO 
Published: October 2019

Otatea, with 12 described species, is the second most diverse genus in the subtribe Guaduinae. Eleven species of Otatea occur in Mexico, of which 10 are endemic. The Mexican Otatea species grow in tropical dry forest, the ecotone between tropical dry forest and oak forest, cloud forest, humid oak-pine forest, and xerophilous scrubs. Here, we describe the synflorescence and flowers of Otatea nayeeri and O. transvolcanica, based on newly collected specimens and review of existing herbarium material. We present a key based on the flowering characters of the Mexican Otatea species, and provide expanded morphological descriptions and illustrations of O. nayeeri and O. transvolcanica. Otatea nayeeri and O. transvolcanica do not exhibit the gregarious monocarpic flowering pattern that has been recorded for other Otatea species. A flowering individual of O. transvolcanica was observed being visited by a Lasioglossum (Dialictus) sp. (Halictidae) bee. This is the first record for Otatea being visited by bees. The geographical distribution of O. nayeeri is extended northwards to the state of Durango in Mexico.
What Drives the North Atlantic Oscillation’s Temperature Anomaly Pattern? Part I: The Growth and Decay of the Surface Air Temperature Anomalies
Authors: Clark Joseph P. , Feldstein Steven B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractComposite analysis is used to examine the physical processes that drive the growth and decay of the surface air temperature anomaly pattern associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Using the thermodynamic energy equation that the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts implements in their reanalysis model, we show that advection of the climatological temperature field by the anomalous wind drives the surface air temperature anomaly pattern for both NAO phases. Diabatic processes exist in strong opposition to this temperature advection and eventually cause the surface air temperature anomalies to return to their climatological values. Specifically, over Greenland, Europe, and the United States, longwave heating/cooling opposes horizontal temperature advection while over northern Africa vertical mixing opposes horizontal temperature advection. Despite the pronounced spatial correspondence between the skin temperature and surface air temperature anomaly patterns, the physical processes that drive these two temperature anomalies associated with the NAO are found to be distinct. The skin temperature anomaly pattern is driven by downward longwave radiation whereas stated above, the surface air temperature anomaly pattern is driven by horizontal temperature advection. This implies that the surface energy budget, although a useful diagnostic tool for understanding skin temperature changes, should not be used to understand surface air temperature changes.
What Drives the North Atlantic Oscillation’s Temperature Anomaly Pattern? Part II: A Decomposition of the Surface Downward Longwave Radiation Anomalies
Authors: Clark Joseph P. , Feldstein Steven B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRadiative transfer calculations are conducted to determine the contribution of temperature and water vapor anomalies toward the surface clear-sky downward longwave radiation (DLR) anomalies of the NAO. These calculations are motivated by the finding that the NAO’s skin temperature anomalies are driven primarily by changes in surface DLR. The clear-sky radiative transfer calculations follow the result that the clear-sky surface DLR anomalies can account for most of the all-sky surface DLR anomalies of the NAO. The results of the radiative transfer calculations prompt an analysis of the thermodynamic energy and total column water (TCW) budget equations, as water vapor and temperature anomalies are found to be equally important drivers of the surface DLR anomalies of the NAO. Composite analysis of the thermodynamic energy equation reveals that the temperature anomalies of the NAO are wind driven: the advection of climatological temperature by the anomalous wind drives the NAO’s temperature anomalies at all levels except for those in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere where the advection of anomalous temperature by the climatological wind becomes dominant. A similar analysis of the TCW budget reveals that changes in TCW are driven by water flux convergence. In addition to determining the drivers of the temperature and TCW anomalies, the thermodynamic energy and water budget analyses reveal that the decay of the temperature anomalies occurs primarily through vertical mixing, and that of the water anomalies mostly by evaporation minus precipitation.
The impact of childhood trauma on psychosocial functioning and physical health in a non-clinical community sample of young adults
Authors: Beilharz Jessica Elise , Paterson Marlee , Fatt Scott , Wilson Chloe , Burton Alexander , Cvejic Erin , Lloyd Andrew , Vollmer-Conna Uté 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Given the fundamental emotional, social and physical development that occurs during the early years of life, childhood experiences are formative in shaping a person’s life trajectory. Childhood trauma is a prevalent, multifaceted issue with well-documented long-term adverse health effects in clinical populations however; the impact of childhood trauma in the community is less clear. To address this, this study investigated how childhood trauma may impact physical and psychological health, sleep quality and autonomic function in a non-clinical community sample of adults. Method: Participants completed questionnaires, an in-laboratory autonomic assessment (including stress reactivity to mental and physical stressors) and overnight autonomic and sleep monitoring. Overall childhood trauma and its subtypes (e.g. physical abuse, emotional neglect) were defined using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: We identified 22 childhood trauma cases (total score > 36) and, of the 89 non-childhood trauma cases, some individuals also experienced significant levels of trauma in one or more of the childhood trauma subtypes. Childhood trauma and some trauma subtypes were significantly correlated with a myriad of negative physiological and physical health outcomes including elevated psychological distress, increased sleep disturbances, reduced emotional wellbeing and lower perceived social support. Autonomic dysregulation was found in those with high levels of childhood trauma, which was reflected in an increased stress response to laboratory tasks. Notably, the experience of physical abuse in childhood was significantly associated with alterations in nocturnal heart rate and heart rate variability. Conclusion: Together, these results highlight that childhood trauma can have lasting detrimental consequences on an individual’s emotional and physical health, sleep quality and stress reactivity.
Cold Technique in Adult Tonsillectomy Reduces Waste and Cost
Authors: Meiklejohn Duncan A. , Chavarri Vanina M. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: To quantify differences in waste and cost of disposable equipment between different tonsillectomy techniques. Methods: Prospective study of waste attributable to disposable waste produced by tonsillectomy surgery. Disposable equipment required for tonsillectomy using cold, monopolar electrocautery (ME), and coblation techniques was measured; and differences in mass, volume, and cost of equipment between the 3 techniques were quantified. Results: Cold technique was found to produce the least waste and have the lowest cost attributable to disposable surgical equipment. Projected single-case savings in mass and volume of waste resulting from using cold technique compared to ME were 1.272 kg and 1.013 L, respectively, and 1.043 kg and 1.723 L compared to coblation. Projected single-case savings in cost of disposable equipment for cold technique compared to ME were US$9.35 and US$185.05 compared to coblation. Discussion: Using cold technique for adult tonsillectomy reduces waste and cost of disposable equipment compared to ME and coblation. Implications for Practice: Surgeons desiring to reduce cost and waste associated with tonsillectomy surgery may consider transitioning to cold technique.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act: Design Failure, Implementation Failure or Both?
Authors: Agrawal Girish Kumar 
Published: October 2019

The Government of India implemented MGNREGA in 2005–06 to provide social security cum wage employment on demand, initially in 200 districts and was later extended to all of India. The programme expenditure has now ballooned to over 60,000 crore per year in 2018–19, for creating about 267.95 crore man-days of employment. The programme has been beset with a host of issues since its inception, raising serious doubts about its impact in achieving designed objectives. The programme was designed with host of objectives starting from social security to providing livelihood security to wage employment on demand to arresting migration to deep rooting democracy. All prior research looked at specific objectives in a particular geographic area. This article examines the programme achievement data and examines the same against programme objectives and argues that the programme may be flawed in design objectives and inadequate programme architecture. Contrasting the programme data with census raises further issues about reliability.
Associations between family cohesion, adaptability, and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder with clinical syndromes in Hebei, China
Authors: Zhang Xujing , Zhao Mingkun , Li Jing , Shi Ling , Xu Xiafei , Dai Qian , Zhang Yanheng , Liu Huilan , Liu Wei , Zhang Xiangyun , Li Keqing , Shi Zhanbiao , Lin Chung-Ying 
Published: October 2019

Objective We aimed to investigate the symptoms of inpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) in different types of families, and to explore the correlations between family coherence, family adaptability, and family functioning among inpatients with BD. Methods Inpatients with BD in Hebei, China (n = 61; mean age = 33.85±10.54; 39 males) participated in this study. Participants’ symptoms were evaluated using the Bech–Rafaelsen Mania Scale (BRMS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at weeks 1, 4, and 8 after their admission to the hospital. Participants’ family type was assessed using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale II–Chinese Version. Family functioning was assessed using Family Assessment Device. Results Participants were classified into three family types: balanced (n = 13), mid-range (n = 28), and extreme (n = 20). BRMS scores improved over time in patients from all three family types. Improvement was slightly better with the balanced than the extreme family type. HDRS scores showed an improving trend over time, although this was not significant. Family coherence, adaptability, and functioning were mutually correlated. Conclusion The family system and family functioning are important factors that clinicians should keep in mind when treating people with BD.