bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Scrutinize her actions, punish her body to saver her soul”: The Figure of the Governess in Jane Eyre
Authors: Rana Suman 
Published: November 2020

In 1840s the figure of the governess, particularly her sexuality became a subject of much concern to the periodical essayists. The Victorian period, as Foucault argues saw an immense proliferation of discourses about sex. Sexuality thus came into being as the ultimate open secret. This justified the attention devoted to the distressed governess by emphasizing the central role she played in reproducing the domestic ideal- on one hand she, as a teacher was to teach her students ‘accomplishments’ that would attract a good husband and later make them good wives and mothers yet at the same time police the emergence of undue assertiveness or sexuality in her maturing charges.
The employment of women as governess also mobilized and engaged with two of the most important representations of women: the figure who epitomized the domestic ideal-the wife/mother, and the figures who threatened to destroy it-the working-class women/prostitutes.

It is within these contexts that the paper will try and place Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. The paper would also analyse the way this stereotypical representation of women throws light on the condition of women in general and working-class women.
Gender’s Politeness Strategies of Making Requests and Giving Compliments in Classroom Setting Sociopragmatic Perspeective
Authors: Ningrum Rima Fitria , Suharsono Suharsono , Suwono Suwono 
Published: November 2020

This present study investigates the form of politeness strategies of making requests and giving compliments performed by different gender in a classroom setting, single teacher and single student, in sociopragmatic perspective. Particularly, this study aims to 1) describe the form of politeness strategies of making requests used by male and female teachers 2) describe the form of politeness strategies of giving compliments performed by male and female teachers, 3) describe the difference form of their politeness strategies of those 2 speech acts and 4) evaluate the factors that may underlie the choice of their politeness strategies of those 2 speech acts in classroom setting. Therefore, the examples of the politeness strategies of 2 speech acts employed by distinct gender were provided in this study. To identify those politeness strategies, Brown and Levinson’s theory (1987) was used as a preliminary identification. In obtaining the data, video recording transcript and interview transcript are collected and then analyzed. The data were the utterances of 2 female and 2 male teachers in classroom setting. The findings show that female teachers tend to use negative politeness strategies more in making requests and both gender tend to use positive politeness strategies in giving compliments in the classroom setting. Their choices were underlied by their closeness to their participants which determined by the character of their participants, the time needed to get close to their participants, the interest of their participants and the topic discussed with their participants. This indicates that the teachers are aware of their pragmatic competence, yet, to create friendlier atmosphere both gender need to advance their ability in using other politeness strategies.
El impulso y ejercicio del principio de educación, formación e información
Authors: Sánchez Boza Ligia Roxana 
Published: November 2020

Los Valores y Principios cooperativos deben tener arraigo en la idiosincrasia de una nación, para establecer las vías de su ejecución. El principio de Educación, formación e información requiere de una plataforma sólida desarrollada en un excelente sistema educativo. Costa Rica desarrolló una Política Pública en Educación desde el Siglo XIX, cuyo contenido esencial fue la educación primaria gratuita seguida de la educación secundaria, en las décadas siguientes. La educación universitaria también ha contado con la ventaja del acceso sin costo, en las universidades públicas o bien con bajos costos y el acceso a la tecnología de la información y el desarrollo digital ha permitido que funcione una institución universitaria con el método de educación a distancia. Esa política unida al apoyo al Cooperativismo ha permitido que instituciones públicas y privadas se ocupen de la educación cooperativa en múltiples aspectos, los básicos dados por el principio, el resto por el compromiso de las autoridades públicas y los dirigentes cooperativistas.
Recibido: 01 junio 2020Aceptado: 02 septiembre 2020
La influencia del principio de la educación, formación e información en la identidad cooperativa: de las consecuencias prácticas de la aplicación meramente formal hacia la preservación de la esencia del cooperativismo en el escenario pos-pandemia
Authors: De Miranda José Eduardo , Corrêa Lima Andrea 
Published: November 2020

La promulgación de la Declaración sobre la Identidad Cooperativa, por la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional, representó un ejercicio de rescate de las raíces de los valores y principios originales que han orientado el ejercicio de los Probos Pioneros de Rochdale. Además del concepto de la sociedad cooperativa, la Declaración enumero los valores y los principios cooperativos, dejando en evidencia que estos resguardan un aspecto universal que impide una interpretación o aplicación aislada. No obstante, el principio de la educación, de la formación e información es esencial a la efectividad de todos los principios y la tenacidad del propio Cooperativismo. Por esto, poner en práctica el quinto principio cooperativo, en el mundo pos-pandemia, es fundamental para que el mundo encuentre las alternativas adecuadas a la superación de la crisis sanitaria y económica en que se ve involucrado.
Recibido: 30 mayo 2020Aceptado: 28 julio 2020
Paediatric Central Venous Access: Experience in the Largest South African Paediatric Surgical Centre
Authors: Patel Nirav , Bhikhoo Zeenat , Wolmarans Anika , Stonestreet Luke , Monteith Iain , Phetshula Zikho , Mbonisweni Akhona , Arumugam Renessa , Mthunzi Rethabile , Loveland Jerome , Grieve Andrew 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background: Percutaneous central venous catheterization (CVC) in the paediatric population is a relatively common procedure but local data in South Africa are extremely limited.

Objective: To describe percutaneous CVC in the local setting with regard to patient population demographics, health care professionals performing the procedure, techniques, and immediate complications of the procedure.

Methods: A prospective descriptive study of CVC was performed at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital from 1 May 2017 to 31 July 2017.

Results: A total of 129 CVCs were inserted. Complete data were collected on 95 placements. Median patient age was 60 days (range: 1–5760). The majority of CVCs occurred in surgical patients (78/95, 82%). Irritant drugs (31/95, 33%), fluid administration (27/95, 28%), and failure to establish peripheral intravenous access (16/95, 17%) were the most common indications for CVC. The immediate mechanical complication rate was 13% (12/95). No statistical difference was found in complication rates between line placement by junior and senior staff, between the subclavian and internal jugular routes, between patients with previous CVC access and those without, and between intubated and awake patients. The majority of CVC were placed in the neonatal unit (55%, 52/95), without the use of ultrasound guidance (100%, 95/95), and outside of the operating theatre (74%, 70/95).

Conclusions: Immediate mechanical complication rates are comparable to international figures. The high number of CVCs necessitates the establishment of a vascular access service that identifies those patients at high risk of requiring CVC early, relieves the paediatric surgical service of the high burden of CVC, and actively pursues safer and less resource intensive alternatives to CVC.
(Un) Ser en la ciudad: caminata escénica. Reflexiones sobre un proceso de investigación-creación de intervención en el espacio público
Authors: Béjar Marissa 
Published: November 2020

(Un) Ser en la ciudad: caminata escénica fue un trabajo de investigación-creación de intervención artística, performática e interdisciplinaria puesto en marcha en las calles del Centro Histórico de Lima en temporadas realizadas durante los años 2018 y 2019. Este artículo comparte sus puntos de partida conceptuales y metodológicos, centrados en la discusión académica sobre la configuración de las ciudades y el espacio urbano. Tomamos posición por las prácticas cotidianas y las interacciones que en ellas se entablan como ejes configuradores de la ciudad, así como por el giro performativo, que da valor a la subjetividad en los procesos de investigación. Se expone también sobre su origen reflexivo acerca del ser como entidad y como acción, y sus ejes de investigación, que exploran las dimensiones artísticas, performáticas y de conocimiento de la ciudad. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre las decisiones artísticas y los resultados creativos a los que llegamos.
Corporalidades y vínculos que trascienden la escena: indagaciones desde nuestra experiencia artística en un penal en el Perú
Authors: Pastor Lorena , Tomotaki Silvia 
Published: November 2020

El artículo presenta la experiencia del Proyecto de Artes Escénicas en el Penal Modelo Ancón II desde el punto de vista de las artistas que facilitan la experiencia. ¿Qué sentidos se despliegan? ¿Cuáles son las rutas y procesos creativos propuestos? La experiencia artística se encarna como un proceso que trasciende la escena, y que propone la producción y circulación de discursos y performances desde la voz de sus protagonistas: los y las jóvenes internos e internas del Penal. El cuerpo constituye el eje central de la producción subjetiva, discursiva y performática. Las autoras reflexionan acerca de las artes escénicas como producción de experiencias y relaciones en el contexto de privación de libertad, entendiendo los procesos como búsquedas y vínculos en constante construcción, así como sobre este espacio de investigación que las interpela respecto al sentido de su quehacer y su rol como artistas.
Women's Lived Experiences of Giving Birth in Ghana: A Metasynthesis of the Literature
Authors: Lorenze Donna Lee 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this metasynthesis is to analyze women's lived experiences of giving birth in Ghana during and after the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), when health policy in Ghana was changed to urge women to birth in health services with skilled attendants.METHODAn interpretive phenomenological framework guided the review of the literature. Three electronic databases were searched as well as reference lists and author searches. Articles that met the screening criteria for inclusion were coded and thematically analyzed, then drawn together to construct the essence of women's experiences of giving birth in Ghana.RESULTSSeven themes were constructed from the data and these were poor quality health services, maltreatment by midwives, mixed emotions about pregnancy and childbirth, supernatural fears, women wanting safe births with skilled birth attendants, uncertainty about reaching a health facility, and decision-making hierarchy. There were three counter themes and these were women wanting a home birth with a traditional midwife, defiance against dominant decision-makers by some women, and a belief that “not all nurses are bad.”CONCLUSIONGhanaian women have heeded the MDGs and health policy messages to birth with skilled attendants, but in reality, they are not always accessible, available, appropriate, or of high quality. Maternal health services still need much improvement including more resources such as staff, essential services, medicines, and quality assurance standards.
A Case Series Of Arthritis In Hansen’s Disease
Authors: Gunawan Hendra , Adriana Deasy Natalia , Awalia Awalia , Soeroso Joewono 
Published: November 2020

Hansen’s disease or leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Musculoskeletal complaints might be the initial presentation of patients with Hansen’s disease. Symptoms are common with clinical spectrum ranging from mild to debilitating arthritis. Regarding its wide clinical spectrum, a history taking especially in an endemic area like Indonesia on the possibility of Hansen’s disease cannot be ruled out in patients with arthritis. We reported 3 cases of arthritis in Hansen’s disease. First case was a 62-year-old Javanese female who had a deformity and chronic poly symmetry arthritis. Second case was a 45-year-old Javanese male with chronic bilateral knee pain as initial presentation of Hansen’s disease and the last case was 61-year-old Javanese male who had acute bilateral knee pain with erythematous maculae associated with Erythema Nodosum Leprosum. All cases responded to corticosteroid 1 mg/BW/day.
Walkability Index of Kampung Madras Commercial Area
Authors: Affif Aulia Malik 
Published: November 2020

<p><em>In most Indonesian cities, people tend to drive or using other modes than to walk. Recent studies revealed that this happened because the lack of walking infrastructure and environment. Kampung Madras, formerly known as ‘Kampung Keling’ is a commercial area located near the city center and easily can be reached by various modes of transportation. Kampung Madras has various types of different activities such as cultural activities and worship facilities like Shri Mariamman Temple and Pagaruyung Street as an Indian culinary spot. This research aims to assess walkability index of Kampung Madras Commercial Area using The Global Walkability Index to provide information in Kampung Madras about the walkway conditions. This research used a quantitative approach and employed field walkability survey method to assess walking environment quality. Global Walkability Index 9 parameters used as a field walkability survey tools. There are 100 respondents being interviewed. The result of this research is final walkability rating of Kampung Madras Commercial Area after averaging each 9 Global Walkability Index parameters is 44,4.</em></p>
Step Change in Drilling Optimization Resulted in A Country Record
Authors: Vasquez Bautista Ramiro Oswaldo , Ioan Tiberiu , Benny Praveen , Alwahedi Khalid , Hevia Gonzalo , Menedez Blanco Miguel Angel , Cesetti Maurizio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) offshore and Schlumberger jointly initiated a project to drill the longest 12¼-in section ever drilled in United Arabs Emirates (UAE) as part of the integrated drilling service for an extended-reach project. The plan involved drilling 14,400 ft in an extended-reach drilling (ERD) well in the field. The objective was to reach section TD in one run, drilling from 5,194-ft MD and reaching TD at 19,494 ft MD.
In the well in study, Well 29, the trajectory crossed different formations—including limestones, shales, and dolomites—and built inclination from 30° to 78° to achieve an optimal step-out for the following sections to reach the boundaries of the reservoir at 27,000 ft. Different formation challenges throughout the section required a step change in engineering to complete the objective successfully. ADNOC needed a robust steerable system selection with metal-to-metal sealing that would be exposed to severe downhole conditions, a new bit technology design, anti-collision analysis to help reduce additional gyroscopic operations, and optimized drilling parameters with an enhanced drillstring design.
The section was planned to drill in 17.7 days. The total section was finished 10 days ahead of planned AFE, setting the record for the longest 12¼-in section ever drilled in ADNOC and UAE of 14,400 ft, which was 58% longer lateral than field average. Through increased cutting efficiency and superior impact resistance, the new bit design with ridged diamond elements drilled the fastest 12¼-in section on the field in 0.91 d/1,000 ft. Good hole conditions facilitated successfully running and cementing the longest 9⅝-in casing, meeting ADNOC well integrity barrier requirements.
The 12¼-in section had the fastest IADC-recorded ROP in the field, with an on-bottom ROP of 105 ft/h, which was 110% faster than the field average.
The Geomagnetic Reference Service correction was implemented for the first time and was allowed to drill in proximity with a high anti-collision risk well, eliminating a gyro trip in the middle of the run.
Downhole drilling parameters analysis from the drilling mechanics module was crucial for understanding downhole energy transmission and implementation of efficient drilling strategy and reducing shocks and vibrations.
The drillstring was redesigned, replacing the traditional 5-in × 5⅞-in drillpipe and enabling a stiffer BHA, which helped maximize the bit performance.
Protectin Conjugates in Tissue Regeneration 1 Restores Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pulmonary Endothelial Glycocalyx Loss via ALX/SIRT1/NF-kappa B Axis
Authors: Wang Xin-Yang , Li Xin-Yu , Wu Cheng-Hua , Hao Yu , Fu Pan-Han , Mei Hong-Xia , Chen Fang , Gong Yu-Qiang , Jin Sheng-Wei , Li Hui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Endothelial glycocalyx loss is integral to increased pulmonary vascular permeability in sepsis-related acute lung injury. Protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 (PCTR1) is a novel macrophage-derived lipid mediator exhibiting potential anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving benefits. Methods: PCTR1 was administrated intraperitoneally with 100 ng/mouse after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged. Survival rate and lung function were used to evaluate the protective effects of PCTR1. Lung inflammation response was observed by morphology and inflammatory cytokines level. Endothelial glycocalyx and its related key enzymes were measured by immunofluorescence, ELISA, and Western blot. Afterward, related-pathways inhibitors were used to identify the mechanism of endothelial glycocalyx response to PCTR1 in mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after LPS administration.Results: In vivo, we show that PCTR1 protects mice against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis, as shown by enhanced the survival and pulmonary function, decreased the inflammatory response in lungs and peripheral levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Moreover, PCTR1 restored lung vascular glycocalyx and reduced serum heparin sulphate (HS), syndecan-1 (SDC-1), and hyaluronic acid (HA) levels. Furthermore, we found that PCTR1 downregulated heparanase (HPA) expression to inhibit glycocalyx degradation and upregulated exostosin-1 (EXT-1) protein expression to promote glycocalyx reconstitution. Besides, we observed that BAY11-7082 blocked glycocalyx loss induced by LPS in vivo and in vitro, and BOC-2（ALX antagonist） or EX527（SIRT1 inhibitor） abolished the restoration of HS in response to PCTR1. Conclusion: PCTR1 protects endothelial glycocalyx via ALX receptor by regulating SIRT1/NF-κB pathway, suggesting PCTR1 may be a significant therapeutic target for sepsis-related acute lung injury.
Carbapenem resistance profiles of Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Uganda
Authors: Ssekatawa Kenneth , Byarugaba Denis K , Nakavuma Jesca L. , Kato Charles Drago , Ejobi Francis , Tweyongyere Robert , Wampande Eddie M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli has been implicated as one of the main etiological agents of diarrhea, urinary tract infections, meningitis and septicemia worldwide. The ability to cause diseases is potentiated by presence of virulence factors. The virulence factors influence the capacity of E. coli to infect and colonize different body systems. Thus, pathogenic E. coli are grouped into DEC strains that are mainly clustered in phylogenetic group B1 and A; ExPEC belonging to A, B2 and D. Coexistence of virulence and beta-lactamase encoding genes complicates treatment outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed at presenting the CR profiles among pathogenic E. coli. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study involving use of archived E. coli clinical isolates collected in 2019 from four Ugandan tertiary hospitals. The isolates were subjected to antibiotics sensitivity assays to determine phenotypic resistance. Four sets of multiplex PCR were performed to detect CR genes, DEC pathotypes virulent genes, ExPEC PAI and the E. coli phylogenetic groups. Results:Antibiotic susceptibility revealed that all the 421 E. coli isolates used were MDR as they exhibited 100% resistance to more than one of the first-line antibiotics. The study registered phenotypic and genotypic CR prevalence of 22.8% and 33.0% respectively. The most predominant gene was blaOXA-48 with genotypic frequency of 33.0%, then blaVIM(21.0%), blaIMP(16.5%), blaKPC(14.8%) and blaNDM(14.8%). Spearman’s correlation revealed that presence of CR genes was highly associated with phenotypic resistance. Furthermore, of 421 MDR E. coli isolates, 19.7% harboured DEC virulent genes, where EPEC recorded significantly higher prevalence (10.8%) followed by S-ETEC(3.1%), STEC(2.9%), EIEC (2.0%) and L-ETEC(2.0%). Genetic analysis characterized 46.1% of the isolates as ExPEC and only PAI IV536(33.0%) and PAI IICFT073(13.1%) were detected. Phylogenetic group B2 was predominantly detected (41.1%), followed by A(30.2%), B1(21.6%), and D(7.1%). Furthermore, 38.6% and 23.1% of the DEC and ExPEC respectively expressed phenotypic resistance.Conclusion: Our results exhibited significant level of CR carriage among the MDR DEC and ExPEC clinical isolates belonging to phylogenetic groups B1 and B2 respectively. Virulence and CR genetic factors are mainly located on mobile elements. Thus, constitutes a great threat to the healthcare system as it promotes horizontal gene transfer.
Impacts of Phased–out Land Restoration Programs on Vegetation Cover in Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebregergs Tirhas , Teka Kassa , Taye Gebeyehu , Gidey Eskinder , Dikinya Oagile 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of phased–out land restoration programs on vegetation cover in Eastern Tigray, north Ethiopia. Both the Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) Landsat imageries at 30 meter by 30 meter spatial resolution was used to examine the land use and land cover conditions of the study area before (2007), during (2010), and after (2017) the phase–out of IWM projects. Results: The results indicated that there is a clear variation between the treated and untreated watersheds in terms of vegetation cover status. It is confirmed that for treated and successfully recovered watersheds both the bush/shrub land (19.6 ha), and grassland (8.95 ha) have been increased. However, it was decreased by 9.8 and 11.3 ha in two watersheds after the project phased–out. Conclusions: The soil and water conservation practices of each watershed have been significantly affected after the phased–out of the IWM projects. An increase to in the bush/shrub lands has been observed in all of the study sites (Adikesho, Deberewahabit and Gemad) by 19.6, 8.95 and 18.9 ha’s during the intervention period.