bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CURRENT EFFORTS TO UNDERSTAND AND IMPROVE OLDER ADULTS’ FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY AFTER HIP FRACTURE
Authors: Fortinsky Richard H , Latham Nancy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The annual number of hip fractures in the US is projected to increase from 258,000 in 2010 to 458,000 by 2050. Globally, annual hip fractures are projected to reach 4.5 million by 2050. Yet the majority of older adults experience long-term mobility disability following hip fracture and do not return to pre-fracture functional capacity. Published reviews have concluded there is insufficient evidence regarding effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce residual disability and enhance mobility post-hip fracture. This Symposium features current efforts to understand and improve functional recovery post-hip fracture. Dr. Magaziner will present results from the recently-completed Community Ambulation Project (CAP), a multi-site randomized trial in which two in-home physical therapy interventions were compared: PUSH, which included aerobic conditioning, strengthening, balance and functional training; and PULSE, which included transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, flexibility and active range of motion exercises. Dr. Fortinsky will present CAP data examining the role of psychological resilience, optimism, depression, and balance confidence on mobility measures. Dr. Gruber-Baldini will present CAP data examining differences between PUSH and PULSE on study participants’ cognition and the impact of cognition on community ambulation. Dr. Binder will present the study design and early results from the STEP-HI study, a multi-site randomized trial evaluating whether structured exercise and topical testosterone therapy can improve function post-hip fracture among older women. Discussant Dr. Latham will comment on design, results, and implications of these two studies for research, policy, and practice intended to improve older adults’ recovery after hip fracture.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH AMBULATION PERFORMANCE AFTER HIP FRACTURE AMONG HOME-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Fortinsky Richard H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many older adults fail to resume optimal community living after hip fracture due to sustained limitations in ambulation capacity, yet reasons remain poorly understood. Roles of psychological factors in affecting ambulation performance post-hip fracture remain particularly understudied; depression has been associated with poorer self-reported functional status, and little is known about self-perceived balance confidence, resilience, and optimism. This presentation reports associations between each psychological factor, measured at CAP baseline, and gait speed and walking endurance, measured at baseline and 16 weeks later. In the CAP cohort (N=210), baseline mean/sd 4-meter gait speed (gs), 50-foot walk gs, and 6-minute walk distance were: 0.60/0.19 meters per second (mps); 0.67/0.20 mps; and 186.9/55.4 meters, respectively. In multivariate models, balance confidence was positively associated with all baseline ambulation measures (p&lt;0.001 in all models), and resilience was positively associated with all 16-week follow-up ambulation measures (p&gt;0.05 in all models). Implications of results will be discussed.
EVENT-SPECIFIC EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA IN LONG-TERM CARE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Lee Kyung Hee , Lee Ji Yeon , Kim Bora , Boltz Marie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although dementia-related language, comprehension, and memory deficits occur fairly early stage in dementia, persons with dementia retain the ability to express their emotion even in the late stage of disease. However, health care providers do not know how to interpret emotional expressions that could be utilized as important signals of underlying needs and care preferences in persons with dementia. The purpose of this study was to explore the event-specific emotional expressions of persons with dementia in long-term care over a 6-month period. This was a longitudinal study using repeated observations. Emotional expressions were videotaped when three specific events (personal care, meal time, and activity) occurred at baseline, month 3 and month 6. A total of nine observations was made for each participant. We enrolled 13 participants so far; ten participants were completed 6 month follow up. The mean score of MMSE at baseline was 4.38; that of ADL was 16.62. On average, persons with dementia showed 9.93 episodes of positive emotional expression (PEE) per minute and 1.81 episodes of negative emotional expression (NEE) per minute. We found between person variations for both PEE and NEE. PEE and NEE were different by three types of events. Specifically, persons with dementia showed more PEE with activity than personal care and meal time and more NEE with personal care than the other two events. This study will provide better understanding of event-specific emotional expressions, and inform the development of emotion-oriented interventions programs to improve the psychological well-being of persons with dementia.
RESILIENCE THROUGH CONNECTION: SOCIAL SUPPORT AND ELDER ABUSE, DISASTER, BEREAVEMENT, AND COMBAT
Authors: Acierno Ron , Muzzy Wendy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Elder abuse prevalence among community residing adults is 10%, but this prevalence is cut by more than half among those who report high levels of social connection. Relatedly, elder abuse outcomes are significant, producing increased prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, the prevalences of which are, again, halved when one experiences abuse in the context of high social support. Similarly, mental health effects of natural disaster on older adults are virtually eliminated in the presence of high social support. Moreover, treatment for anxiety and depressive disorders is improved when high social support is present. We will present findings from five of our major studies in the aforementioned areas that underscore this point.
UNCIVILIZED CHILDREN OR VICTIMS OF DEMENTIA: INTERPRETATIONS OF AGGRESSION IN ASSISTED LIVING
Authors: Funk Laura M , Herron Rachel , Spencer Dale 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is increasing interest in examining aggression in older adults and persons living with dementia (PLWD) in nursing homes. Relational or indirect aggression between tenants is also of concern in assisted living (A/L). However, there is a dearth of knowledge about how people interpret the meaning of aggression in older adults in A/L. Such interpretations inform responses within interactions as well as in management, practice and policy. This study explored interpretations of aggression in older tenants of A/L through thematic and narrative analyses of qualitative interview data from 32 participants: 13 tenants and 19 staff. Tenants downplayed the existence of ‘bullies’ but spoke of (or themselves enacted, in the interview) relational aggression in tenant conflicts with ‘troublemakers,’ complainers, slackers and PLWD. Dementia was not universally interpreted as excusing inappropriate or aggressive behaviours, and tenants expressed discomfort interacting with PLWD. The narratives of both groups (tenants and workers) drew on and reproduced stigmatizing and/or patronizing views of dementia and aging. Workers commonly positioned dementia (or other conditions such as physical illness, changes in routine, isolation, and loss of independence) as mitigating culpability for aggression. They did so in part to avoid taking aggression personally; some were also concerned about protecting tenants from disciplinary measures. Narratives about aggression reflect and further reinforce relations of power within A/L, with implications for everyday interactions of life and work in these settings. A/L facilities can address relational aggression in part through addressing talk and actions that perpetuate ageism and dementiaism.
ESPO/ BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTION SYMPOSIUM: EMERGING INSIGHTS IN INTERACTIONS AND NETWORKS IN THE BIOLOGY OF AGING DEVELOPING C. ELEGANS TO STUDY AGE-RELATED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE SIGNALS
Authors: Russell Joshua , Kaeberlein Matt 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
All cells release vesicles into their extracellular environment. These extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain multiple classes of molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. EV-signaling has been shown to be impacted by many age-related physiological processes such as inflammation, mitochondrial stress, and autophagy as well as directly mediate critical functions in cellular senescence and aging. The isolation and analysis of EV cargos from mammalian cell culture and liquid biopsy samples has become a powerful approach for uncovering the messages that are packaged into these organelles. Caenorhabditis elegans is a premier model for dissecting the genetics of aging however, EV analysis has not been tenable in invertebrate model systems due to lack of methods for obtaining sufficient amounts of pure EVs. We developed a method for isolating pure EVs from C. elegans with yields sufficient for mass spectrometry and RNAseq. Here we present the analysis of the genetic and protein cargos of EVs collected from wild type and long-lived mutants collected at different time points across their lifespans. As the first investigation of age-related EV signals in an invertebrate model system we believe these results will provide insights into cell non-autonomous mechanisms of aging.
A FAIRNESS LENS TO LATER-LIFE PLANNING
Authors: Stum Marlene 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Being “fair” is often a desired goal when individuals are planning for financing future care, leaving an inheritance, and selecting an attorney-in-fact for financial and/or health care. However, differing perceptions about the fair use of an older parent’s resources (paying for formal care, leaving an inheritance, compensating family caregivers, rewarding a sense of entitlement), and issues of who can or should be involved in decision processes, can lead to avoiding planning and be a source of family conflict. The complexities of fair decision rules for distributing resources, and important criteria for determining fair decision processes will be discussed, guided by interpersonal social justice theories, and findings from a qualitative study of inheritance involving older adults and adult children from the same family system (N= 18). Implications for helping family members, and professionals working with them, navigate “being fair” and increase later life planning will be shared.
USE OF ANALYTIC METHODS AND MEDICARE DATA IN THE ANALYSES OF DISPARITIES IN AD/ADRD HEALTH OUTCOMES
Authors: Akushevich Igor , Yashkin Arseniy , Ukraintseva Svetlana , Yashin Anatoliy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate how application of analytic approaches developed in demography, biodemography, epidemiology, and population studies to Medicare and Medicare-linked data allows to identify causes and mechanisms of disparities in AD/ADRD. Our studies i) confirmed geographic disparities in AD mortality (e.g., existence of hot spots, West-East gradient) but did not detect them in Medicare data, ii) confirmed racial disparities in AD/ADRD incidence and survival (e.g., higher incidence and better survival in Black population) and demonstrated that they can be partly explained by heterogeneity in diagnosis severity and partly by genetic factors, iii) detected unexpectedly strong effects of systemic hypotension, chronic kidney and liver diseases on the risk of AD/ADRD. We concluded that further progress in understanding of mechanisms and causes of the disparities in AD/ADRD is possible by clarifying the role of cause-of-death coding, the effects of comorbidity and their treatment, dynamics in cognition scores before AD/ADRD diagnosis, and genetic factors.
TESTING HEALTH DISPARITIES IN COGNITIVE AND BIOLOGICAL AGING IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Belsky Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We conducted analysis to test if health disparities in cognitive aging were parallel to or different from health disparities in patterns of aging in other systems in the body, and if race/ethnicity-related disparities could be accounted for by differences in socioeconomic circumstances across the life-course. We analyzed data from more than 10,000 adults participating in the US NHANES and US Health and Retirement Study. We measured cognitive aging using neuropsychological tests of processing speed and memory. We measured aging in other systems using composite indices of biological aging based on organ-system function tests and blood chemistries. We conducted analysis to (i) quantify and compare health disparities in cognitive aging and biological aging; (ii) test if individuals exhibiting accelerated cognitive aging were also exhibiting accelerated biological aging; and (iii) test if race/ethnic disparities in cognitive and biological aging could be explained by measured socioeconomic resource differences in childhood and later life.
REDUCED ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DEEP WHITE MATTER LESION VOLUMES AMONG HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Wright Regina S , Bygrave Desiree 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Reduced endothelial function (EF) is a subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor and precursor to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Among older adults with CVD, reduced EF has been associated with poorer outcomes in a number of cognitive domains, partly explained by the presence of white matter lesion volumes (WMLV) detectable on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The role of EF as a key, early predictor of brain decrements among older adults without CVD, however, is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of the study was to examine associations between endothelial function and WMLV among cognitively intact older adults free of CVD. A diverse sample of 138 community-based older adults (30.4% male; mean age=68.54y) enrolled in the Healthy Heart & Mind Study underwent cognitive and psychosocial assessment, vascular testing, and brain MRI. Multiple regressions were run to examine associations between endothelial function, as measured by % change in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and MRI-assessed WMLV in brain regions of interest, after controlling for age, sex, race, education, depression, mean arterial pressure, total cholesterol, and hypertension medication use. Results showed a significant inverse association between % FMD change and deep WMLV (p&lt;.05), but no other regions of interest. Results suggest that reduced EF is associated with greater deep WMLV, an outcome variable attributable to small vessel disease and linked to Alzheimer’s disease in previous studies. The implications of this finding for predicting risk for cognitive impairment among healthy older adults will be discussed.
HARNESSING THE HEALING POWER OF WESTERN AND NON-WESTERN HEALERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE
Authors: Gupta Rashmi , Pillai Vijayan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Non Western therapies have played a vital role in dealing with a variety of crisis such as physical, emotional and existential over the last few centuries (Ejaz, 2000). Since the introduction of Western medicine in India as early as the eighteenth century, the two systems of medicine have coexisted and influenced each other. Mutual recognition of the therapeutic values of the two systems was further bolstered when American medicine recognized the role of alternative therapies as viable option for healing in the early eighties. The purpose of this paper is to examine the roles two kinds of healers (western and non- western) play in the Asian Indian Hindu context. For this qualitative study, 30 physicians (trained in Western medicine) and 5 sadhus (holy men) were interviewed in the city of Allahabad, during the Kumbh Mela. Open ended questions ranged from: a) field of practice (physicians), sadhus (mystics), b) years of practice, c) number of patients/followers, d) treatment offered (physician –surgery or medications), sadhus (prayers, fasts, charitable donations), e) adverse reactions. In-depth interviews were recorded and transcribed by two researchers from Hindi to English and coded into themes. Results indicate that about a quarter of Western trained physicians not only sought assistance from the sadhus for their emotional/spiritual issues, but also referred patients with terminal disease. Besides individual consults, the mystics conduct lectures on climate change, on holistic diet, meditation, yoga practices, and healing. Social workers need to assess the value Hindu immigrant families in United States attach to Non-Western therapies.
SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT, COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, AND MOBILITY IN THE BOSTON REHABILITATIVE IMPAIRMENT STUDY OF THE ELDERLY
Authors: Quach Lien , Gagnon David , Moye Jennifer , Cho Kelly , Bean Jonathan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study examined how social engagement (SE) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) influence changes in mobility over three years of follow-up. We performed a secondary analysis of longitudinal data among primary care patients aged &gt;64 years (N=430). Mobility outcomes include performance-based function via the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and patient reported function via the Late-Life Function Instrument (LLFI). Independent variables include: 1) MCI determined by a comprehensive cognitive battery and scores 1.5 SD &lt; age-adjusted mean; 2) SE measured by standardized self-report of social activities. Multivariate linear mixed regression models demonstrate that MCI is associated with lower scores on SPPB and LLFI (β= -0.76, p&lt;0.0001; β= -1.47, p=0.005 respectively). SE is associated with higher scores on SPPB and LLFI (β=0.56, p&lt;0.0001; β= 1.95, p&lt;0.0001 respectively), and partially mediates the association between MCI and on each outcome. SE is linked to mobility decline especially among participants with MCI.
FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF AN EXERGAMING INTERVENTION FOR OLDER ADULTS AT RISK FOR FALLS
Authors: Ogawa Elisa F , Huang Haikun , Yu Lap-Fai , Gona Philimon N , Fleming Richard K , Bean Jonathan F , Leveille Suzanne G , You Tongjian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of an exergaming program that utilized custom exergames, and compared it to a traditional physical exercise (control) program in older adults at risk for falls. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in older adults who lived in senior living communities. Participants enrolled in either program offered twice weekly for 8 weeks based on their residential site. Thirty-five participants enrolled in the study (mean age 77±7y) and 29 (82%) completed the follow-up assessment (exergaming: 93%; control: 73%). Overall attendance was 73% (exergaming: 79%; control: 68%), and 22 participants returned their program satisfaction form. There were no significant between-group differences in ratings of overall quality, enjoyment, instructors, peers, and facility of their assigned exercise programs. The exergaming intervention was well received and perceived as enjoyable. This study demonstrates that an 8-week exergaming intervention is feasible and acceptable for older adults at risk for falls.
SHRINKING AND GROWING SOCIAL NETWORKS IN THE SYDNEY MEMORY AND AGEING STUDY
Authors: Casey Anne-Nicole S , Kochan Nicole A , Sachdev Perminder , Brodaty Henry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gerontological research suggests that shrinking social networks are characteristic of older age. Socioemotional selectivity theory suggests that older adults proactively reduce their networks over time. Core relationship networks consist of friends and family who are contacted at least monthly. Studies of perceived social support indicate that shrinking networks increase risk of isolation, loneliness, and associated ill health effects. Our research aimed to investigate change in size of older adults’ core relationship network over time, and to explore associations between network size and participant characteristics, using data from the first four waves of the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Participants completed: assessments of cognition, depression, personality; surveys of health-related quality of life, medical conditions, number of friends and relatives contacted at least monthly. Of 1037 participants aged 70 to 90 years surveyed at baseline 476 provided network data at all four time-points. Just over half of the participants (n=252, 52.9%) had smaller networks at wave 4 compared to baseline; nearly half of participants had stable (n=65, 13.7%) or larger networks (n=159, 33.4%), some doubling in size (n=65, 13.7%). Chi-square test indicated that more males (59.1%) had decreasing networks [X2(1, 476)=2.26, p=.02, phi=.11]. T-tests indicated: group differences in baseline neuroticism [t(276)=2.31, p=.02, Eta2=.02]; no significant difference in age, education, wave 4 global cognition, depression, quality of life, number of medical conditions. Results complement previous literature, yet challenge assumptions that shrinking social networks are a defining characteristic of older age. Future examination of our mental and physical engagement data may elucidate these differences.
NOVEL AGING BIOMARKERS IN THE HRS
Authors: Crimmins Eileen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In addition to the broad panel of aging related biomarkers available in HRS, we will describe measurement of novel aging biomarkers such as telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in 4000 HRS participants. Both these biomarkers were measured in DNA obtained from whole unsorted blood using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were adjusted for individual cell composition measured from flow cytometry. We will describe the relationship between these two biomarkers and other measures of biological age available in HRS. Differences in these two novel aging biomarker by socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and exposure to early life hardships will be presented to clarify the value of the data to further unravel how social factors get under the skin to affect the process of aging.
TRANSCRIPTOMIC AGING IN THE HRS
Authors: Thyagarajan Bharat 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Since age related perturbations in gene expression profiles have been described and transcriptomic changes in specific biological pathways have been implicated in the aging process, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing on 4000 HRS participants using RNA obtained from Paxgene tubes collected during the 2016 interview. We will describe design and implementation of innovative quality control procedures to minimize technical variability in transcriptomic measurements and monitor analytical variation in large population studies such as HRS. We will also report the distribution of transcriptomic profiles according to various demographic characteristics (age, sex, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences) and describe the prevalence of previously reported aging related transcriptomic signatures in HRS. We will describe the associations between transcriptomic profiles and other measures of biological aging in HRS and report how changes in cell composition can affect transcriptomic profiles observed in population studies such as HRS.