bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Utility and Student Perceptions of Synthetic Cadavers in an Undergraduate Human Anatomy Course
Authors: Richardson Nicolette S. , Zwambag Derek , McFall Kristen , Andrews David M. , Gregory Diane E. 
Published: October 2020

The synthetic cadaver is a high‐fidelity model intended to replace or supplement other anatomy learning modalities. Academic attainment and student perceptions were examined in an undergraduate human anatomy course using a combination of plastic models and synthetic cadavers to learn lower body anatomy (“Experimental group”), compared to a Historical group who used only plastic models. Grades on an upper body test, for which both groups used only plastic models, were compared to ensure that no academic differences existed between groups (P = 0.7653). Students in the Experimental group performed better on the lower body test for which they used both plastic models and synthetic cadavers (median = 73.8% (95% CI: 72.0%‐75.0%) compared to the Historical group (70.1% (95% CI: 68.3%‐70.7%),P < 0.0001); however, less than half of students (49%) attributed this to the synthetic cadavers. Students' perception of laboratory resources (P < 0.0001) and learning experience (P < 0.0001) both improved with the addition of synthetic cadavers compared to using only plastic models, and 60% of students in the Experimental group agreed that the synthetic cadavers would be a key reason that they would choose that institution for undergraduate studies. This investigation showed improved student grades when plastic models and synthetic cadavers were combined, in addition to improved student perceptions of the learning experience. Results of the student questionnaires also suggested that although synthetic cadavers carry a notable up‐front cost, they may be a useful recruitment tool for institutions.
Rapid Access to Dispirocyclic Scaffolds Enabled by Diastereoselective Intramolecular Double Functionalization of Benzene Rings
Authors: Yokoe Hiromasa , Mizumura Yuka , Sugiyama Kana , Yan Kejia , Hashizume Yuna , Endo Yuto , Yoshida Sae , Kiriyama Akiko , Tsubuki Masayoshi , Kanoh Naoki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere we describe the diastereoselective synthesis of (5r,8r)‐1,9‐diazadispiro[4.2.48.25]tetradecatrienes via domino double spirocyclization of N‐arylamide derivatives. This reaction can serve as a fast way to synthesize diazadispirocycles, which are found in the core structures of bioactive natural products. Product diversification via Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling and application to the synthesis of 1‐oxa‐9‐azadispiro[4.2.48.25]tetradecatrienes were also conducted.
Chalcogen‐Bonding Interactions in Telluroether Heterocycles [Te(CH2)m]n (n=1–4; m=3–7)
Authors: Rodewald| Marko , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Niksch Tobias , Görls Helmar , Oilunkaniemi Raija , Weigand Wolfgang , Laitinen Risto S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Risto Laitinen at University of Oulu and Wolfgang Weigand at Friedrich Schiller University Jena. The image depicts a picturesque view of the Te⋅⋅⋅Te close contacts forming infinite tubular shafts in 1,9,17,25‐Te4(CH2)28. The cover artwork was designed and created by Marko Rodewald. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002510.
Two Methods, One Goal: Structural Differences between Cocrystallization and Crystal Soaking to Discover Ligand Binding Poses
Authors: Wienen‐Schmidt Barbara , Oebbeke Matthias , Ngo Khang , Heine Andreas , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn lead optimization, protein crystallography is an indispensable tool to analyze drug binding. Binding modes and non‐covalent interaction inventories are essential to design follow‐up synthesis candidates. Two protocols are commonly applied to produce protein–ligand complexes: cocrystallization and soaking. Because of its time and cost effectiveness, soaking is the more popular method. Taking eight ligand hinge binders of protein kinase A, we demonstrate that cocrystallization is superior. Particularly for flexible proteins, such as kinases, and larger ligands cocrystallization captures more reliable the correct binding pose and induced protein adaptations. The geometrical discrepancies between soaking and cocrystallization appear smaller for fragment‐sized ligands. For larger flexible ligands that trigger conformational changes of the protein, soaking can be misleading and underestimates the number of possible polar interactions due to inadequate, highly impaired positions of protein amino‐acid side and main chain atoms. Thus, if applicable cocrystallization should be the gold standard to study protein–ligand complexes.
2‐Isoxazolines: A Synthetic and Medicinal Overview
Authors: Kumar Gulshan , Shankar Ravi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIsoxazolines are nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐containing five‐membered heterocyclic scaffolds with extensive biological activities. This framework can be readily obtained in good to excellent yields through 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between nitrones with alkynes or allenes, aryl/alkyl halides, alkynes, and oxaziridines under mild conditions. This scaffold has been an emerging area of interest for many researchers given their wide range of bioactivities. Herein we review synthetic strategies toward isoxazolines and the role these efforts have had in enhancing the biological activity of natural products and synthetic compounds such as antitubercular agents, COX‐1 inhibitors, COX‐2 inhibitors (e. g., valdecoxib), nicotinic receptor modulators, and MIF inhibitors. With a focus on efforts from 2010 onward, this review provides in‐depth coverage of the design and biological evaluation of isoxazoline systems and their impact on various pathologies.
Multimodality treatment outcome in patients with primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumor in adults
Authors: Biswas Bivas , Dabkara Deepak , Sengupta Moushumi , Ganguly Sandip , Ghosh Joydeep , Arunsingh S Moses , Sen Saugata 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalignant mediastinal germ cell tumor (MGCT) is rare and has poor outcomes even after multimodality treatment. Data from resource‐poor countries are scarce in the literature.AimsTo evaluate the clinicopathologic features and treatment outcome of primary malignant MGCT at our center.Methods and ResultsSingle institutional data review of patients aged ≥18 years, treated with a diagnosis of malignant MGCT between Nov'2013 and Nov'2019. Risk stratification was done as per International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) classification. Patients were treated with platinum based chemotherapy and surgical resection for the residual disease was performed in non‐seminomatous histology.28 patients had MGCT with a median age of 25 years (range:18‐36) and all were male. Seven patients had superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) at diagnosis and pre‐treatment histological diagnosis was available in 23 (82%) patients. Seven (25%) patients had seminoma histology, all were of good risk as per IGCCCG risk criteria, whereas others had non‐seminoma histology with poor‐risk group. Seven patients with seminoma histology achieved a complete response after initial treatment. Six patients with non‐seminoma histology underwent complete resection of residual disease post‐chemotherapy and five revealed residual viable tumors. After a median follow‐up of 10.8 months (range:2.9‐75), 3‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) estimate was 61.2% and 94.7% in the whole cohort, respectively and 3‐year PFS and OS estimate was 100% in patients with seminoma histology.ConclusionsThis is the largest data set of MGCT patients' outcomes reported from India with multi‐modality treatment. All patients were male and one‐fourth had SVCO at presentation. Seminoma histology patients had a 100% outcome after initial platinum based chemotherapy. But, those with non‐seminoma histology had a poor outcome even with chemotherapy and surgery.
Prophylactic and therapeutic HBV vaccination by an HBs‐expressing cytomegalovirus vector lacking an interferon antagonist in mice
Authors: Huang Hongming , Rückborn Meike , Le‐Trilling Vu Thuy Khanh , Zhu Dan , Yang Shangqing , Zhou Wenqing , Yang Xuecheng , Feng Xuemei , Lu Yinping , Lu Mengji , Dittmer Ulf , Yang Dongliang , Trilling Mirko , Liu Jia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV)‐based vaccines show promising effects against chronic infections in nonhuman primates. Therefore, we examined the potential of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines based on mouse CMV (MCMV) vectors expressing the small HBsAg. Immunological consequences of vaccine virus attenuation were addressed by either replacing the dispensable genem157(“MCMV‐HBsȍ) or the geneM27(“ΔM27‐HBs”), the latter encodes a potent IFN antagonist targeting the transcription factor STAT2.M27was chosen, since human CMV encodes an analogous gene product, which also induced proteasomal STAT2 degradation by exploiting Cullin RING ubiquitin ligases. Vaccinated mice were challenged with HBV through hydrodynamic injection. MCMV‐HBs and ΔM27‐HBs vaccination achieved accelerated HBV clearance in serum and liver as well as robust HBV‐specific CD8+T‐cell responses. When we explored the therapeutic potential of MCMV‐based vaccines, especially the combination of ΔM27‐HBs prime and DNA boost vaccination resulted in increased intrahepatic HBs‐specific CD8+T‐cell responses and HBV clearance in persistently infected mice. Our results demonstrated that vaccines based on a replication competent MCMV attenuated through the deletion of an IFN antagonist targeting STAT2 elicit robust anti‐HBV immune responses and mediate HBV clearance in mice in prophylactic and therapeutic immunization regimes.
Effect of storage time on biochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of hawk tea (Litsea coreana) processed by boiling water fixation
Authors: Xu Qing , Zhou Yuanjing , Zhao Jingfang , Yao Songlin , Wang Jihong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of storage time on biochemical characteristics of hawk tea (Litsea coreana) and explored the correlation between the content of flavonoids and polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity and the content of inclusions, amino acid, and mineral elements in hawk tea processed by boiling water fixation and packed in airtight polypropylene bags and stored in 0°C refrigerator under different storage time (one year, three years, and six years) were analyzed. Results indicated that the biochemical characteristics of hawk tea changed less within 12 months. The total content and types of amino acids in hawk tea reached the maximum in the third year, as well as the content of total trace elements. The water extracts, tea polyphenol, caffeine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, glycine, proline, Ca, and Zn decreased continuously in the storage period of 6 years, but the total flavonoids, Mg, and Ni changed just the opposite. Total polyphenol is the main antioxidant material in hawk tea. Results of the present study provided useful information for people to systematically understand the changes of tea in the storage process and to reasonably develop hawk tea product.
Clinical variables and magnetic resonance imaging‐based radiomics predict human papillomavirus status of oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Bos Paula , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Gouw Zeno A. R. , Al‐Mamgani Abrahim , Waktola Selam , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. , Beets‐Tan Regina G. H. , Castelijns Jonas A. , Jasperse Bas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have better prognosis and treatment response compared to HPV‐negative OPSCC. This study aims to noninvasively predict HPV status of OPSCC using clinical and/or radiological variables.MethodsSeventy‐seven magnetic resonance radiomic features were extracted from T1‐weighted postcontrast images of the primary tumor of 153 patients. Logistic regression models were created to predict HPV status, determined with immunohistochemistry, based on clinical variables, radiomic features, and its combination. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC).ResultsModel performance showed AUCs of 0.794, 0.764, and 0.871 for the clinical, radiomic, and combined models, respectively. Smoking, higher T‐classification (T3 and T4), larger, less round, and heterogeneous tumors were associated with HPV‐negative tumors.ConclusionModels based on clinical variables and/or radiomic tumor features can predict HPV status in OPSCC patients with good performance and can be considered when HPV testing is not available.
How actors, processes, context and evidence influenced the development of Malawi's Health Sector Strategic Plan II
Authors: Walsh Caitlin M. , Mwase Takondwa , De Allegri Manuela 
Published: October 2020

SummaryHealth sector strategic plans are health policies outlining health service delivery in low‐ and middle‐ income countries, guiding health sectors to meet health needs while maximizing resources. However, little research has explored the formulation of these plans. This study utilized qualitative methods to explore the formulation of Malawi's Health Sector Strategic Plan II, including processes utilized, actors involved, important contextual factors and the use of evidence‐based decision‐making. Thirteen semi‐structured key informant interviews with health policy actors were conducted to explore perceptions and experiences of formulating the policy. Data analysis used an inductive‐deductive approach and interpretation of the data was guided by an adapted version of the Walt and Gilson Health Policy Triangle. Our results indicate that HSSP II formulation was complex and inclusive but that the Ministry of Health may have given up ownership of the formulation process to development partners to ensure their continued involvement. Disagreements between actors centered around inclusion of critical services in the Essential Health Package and selection of performance‐based financing as purchasing strategy. Resource constraints and the Cashgate Scandal are critical contextual elements influencing the formulation and content of the policy. Evidence‐based decision‐making contributed to the plan's development despite respondents' divergent opinions regarding evidence availability, quality and the weight that evidence carried. The study raises questions regarding the roles of policy actors during health policy formulation, the inclusivity of health policy processes and their potential influence on government ownership of health policy, as well as the use of evidence in developing health sector strategic plans.
Security Issue Detection and Mitigation Patterns for Product Line Resource Variation
Authors: Dove Rick 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTProduct Line Engineering (PLE) builds upon an Agile Architectural Pattern—with reusable resources, evolving resource variations, and a standardized interconnect and sustainment infrastructure. Commercial PLE systems attract alternative resource suppliers, such as automotive parts. Defense PLE systems typically result from acquirers encouraging Open System Architectures to enable alternative resource suppliers. Alternative resource suppliers are a major resource variation source in product line engineered systems. Product line engineered systems are systems of systems with potential for complex interactions and unintended emergent behaviors. This article focuses on PLE cyber‐physical‐social system products, the security issues resource variation can introduce, and security patterns for detecting and mitigating these security issues. Resource variations may cause security issues unintentionally, but intentional introduction is also possible by malicious alternative resource suppliers, supply chain interdiction, and insiders. This article assumes malicious intent in resource variation as its security issue base line, as patterns for effective detection and mitigation of malicious variation intent encompass unintentional occurrences.
Hydroxyurea Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients After Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation
Authors: Boucher Alexander A. , Dong Min , Vinks Alexander A. , Marahatta Anu , Howard Thad A. , Ware Russell E. , Nathan Jaimie D. , Abu‐El‐Haija Maisam , Luchtman‐Jones Lori 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTotal pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation is a complex surgical approach for acute recurrent or chronic pancreatitis that frequently triggers extreme thrombocytosis (platelets ≥ 1000 × 109/L). Thrombocytosis can be prothrombotic, so cytoreductive hydroxyurea is often initiated after this surgery; however, optimal dosing strategy and efficacy are unknown. This prospective pilot study characterized the pharmacokinetics of hydroxyurea after this procedure in children. It also compared them with previously published pediatric parameters in sickle cell anemia (SCA), the disease in which pediatric hydroxyurea pharmacokinetics have primarily been studied. Plasma hydroxyurea levels were quantified in 14 participants aged 4‐19 years using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Blood collections were scheduled 20 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours after the first dose, on pharmacokinetic day 1 (PK1), and again 2‐3 months later if still on hydroxyurea (PK2). Six participants had PK1 and PK2 data at all 3 postdose timed collections, 5 only had PK1 samples, and 3 only had PK2 samples. Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation participants had reduced and delayed absorption compared with sickle cell anemia participant data from the Hydroxyurea Study of Long‐Term Effects, regardless of timing or dosing methodology. Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation participants had different pharmacokinetic profiles at PK1 versus PK2, with lower dose‐normalized exposures than previously reported in sickle cell anemia. These results suggest variability exists in hydroxyurea absorption and bioavailability in total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation patients, suspected to be primarily because of Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction, and suggest that more pharmacokinetic data are needed for scenarios when hydroxyurea is prescribed to children without sickle cell anemia.
Effect of Supplemental Enteral Fish Oil on the Development of Psychological Complications in Critically Ill Multiple‐Trauma Patients: 6 Months’ Follow‐Up
Authors: Kagan Ilya , Mesilati‐Stahy Ronit , Green Pnina , Singer Pierre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Defic it intake of ω‐3 polyuns aturated fatty ac ids (PUFAs) may be as sociated with developm ent of PTSD.MethodsThis study randomized mechanically ventilated patients suffering from multiple trauma (n = 150) into 2 groups: a study and a control group that received enteral feeding with or without fish oil. Fifty‐one patients were interviewed 6 months after discharge from the ICU. Psychometric parameters of PTSD were assessed by questionnaires. The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes was performed by homogenization of the cells in hexane‐isopropanol.ResultsNo differences were found in baseline characteristics between the groups. Erythrocyte membrane composition showed significantly higher concentrations of ω‐3 fatty acids in the study group. Anxiety and depression symptoms were correlated with an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on days 4 and 8 for depression and EPA on day 4 and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on day 8 for anxiety. Total ω‐3 content was positively correlated with anxiety and depression as well. An inverse correlation was found between DHA and EPA in the treatment group and with the total ω‐3 and DHA in the control group for the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire.ConclusionAdministration of an ω‐3 PUFA–enriched diet during the ICU stay did not prevent development of PTSD in trauma patients 6 months after discharge from ICU.
High‐reliability gate driver circuit to prevent ripple voltage
Authors: Lee Jungwoo , Oh Jongsu , Jung Eun Kyo , Park KeeChan , Jeon Jae‐Hong , Lee Soo‐Yeon , Kim Yong‐Sang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a high‐reliability gate driver circuit is proposed to prevent multiple outputs. The proposed circuit ensures reliability of the pull‐up thin‐film transistor (TFT) by periodically discharging the Q node voltage to the low‐level voltage (VGL) in the off stage. In addition, the output node is composed of two pull‐down TFTs that are driven alternately to ensure stability against bias stress. Thus, because the reliabilities of the pull‐up and pull‐down TFTs can be guaranteed simultaneously, the stability of the entire circuit is improved. Based on the simulation results, the rising and falling times of the output pulse are stable within 1.77 and 1.28 μs, respectively, even when the threshold voltage of the entire TFT is shifted by +10.0 V. In addition, the ripple voltage of the proposed circuit is almost eliminated and is within 0.79% of the total swing voltage. Moreover, through current is prevented in the proposed circuit because the turn‐on durations of the pull‐up and pull‐down units are completely nonoverlapping, which suggests that unnecessary power consumption can be eliminated. Therefore, based on 2,160 stages, the total power consumption of the proposed circuit is reduced by 34.7 mW from 276.3 to 241.6 mW.
Does nasal surgery improve multilevel surgical outcome in obstructive sleep apnea: A multicenter study on 735 patients
Authors: Pang Kenny P. , Montevecchi Filippo , Vicini Claudio , Carrasco‐Llatas Marina , Baptista Peter M. , Olszewska Ewa , Braverman Itzhak , Kishore Srivinas , Chandra Sudipta , Yang Hyung Chae , Chan Yiong Huak , Pang Scott B. , Pang Kathleen A. , Pang Edward B. , Rotenberg Brian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveDoes nasal surgery affect multilevel surgical success outcome.MethodsProspective eight country nonrandomized trial of 735 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, who had multilevel palate and/or tongue surgery, divided into two groups, with or without nose surgery.ResultsThere were 575 patients in nose group, 160 patients in no nose group. The mean age for nose group 44.6 ± 11.4, no nose group 44.2 ± 11.8. Mean preoperative BMI for nose group 27.5 ± 3.6, no nose group 27.5 ± 4.1, mean postoperative BMI nose group 26.3 ± 3.7, no nose group 27.1 ± 3.8 (P = .006). Mean preoperative AHI nose group 32.7 ± 19.4, no nose group 34.3 ± 25.0 (P = .377); and mean postoperative AHI nose group 13.5 ± 10.2, no nose group 17.1 ± 16.0 (P = .001). Mean preoperative ESS nose group was 11.3 ± 4.7, no nose group was 10.4 ± 5.4 (P = .051); and mean postoperative ESS nose group was 5.3 ± 3.2, no nose group was 6.7 ± 2.8 (P = .001). The nose group had higher percentage change (adjusted for age, gender, BMI) in AHI (33.7%, 95% CI 14% to 53.5%) compared to the no nose group (P = .001); the nose group also had more percentage change in ESS (37%, 95% CI 23.6% to 50.3%) compared to the no nose group (P < .001). Change in BMI did not affect AHI nor ESS change (Cohen effect 0.03 and 0.14, respectively). AHI change in both groups were also statistically significant in the mild OSA (P = .008) and the severe OSA (P = .01). Success rate of surgery for the nose group 68.2%, while the no nose group 55.0% (P = .002).ConclusionCombining nose surgery in multilevel surgery improves surgical success.Level of evidenceIIC.