bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting parenting during infant hospitalisation for CHD
Authors: Gramszlo Colette , Karpyn Allison , Christofferson Jennifer , McWhorter Linda G. , Demianczyk Abigail C. , Lihn Stacey L. , Tanem Jena , Zyblewski Sinai , Boyle Elizabeth Lucey , Kazak Anne E. , Sood Erica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To characterise the parenting priorities of mothers and fathers of infants hospitalised with CHD and generate recommendations to support parenting during infant hospitalisation.Study design:Through online crowdsourcing, an innovative research methodology to create an online community to serve as a research sample, 79 parents of young children with CHD responded to questions about parenting during hospitalisation via private social networking site. Responses were analysed using qualitative research methods.Results:Three broad themes were identified: (1) establishing a bond with my baby, (2) asserting the parental role, and (3) coping with fear and uncertainty. Parents value provider support in restoring normalcy to the parenting experience during infant hospitalisation.Conclusions:Care teams can support parenting during infant hospitalisation by promoting parents’ roles as primary caretakers and decision-makers and attending to the emotional impact of infant hospitalisation on the family.
Food processing and risk of hypertension: Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais, Brazil (CUME Project)
Authors: Rezende-Alves Katiusse , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda , Miranda Aline Elizabeth da Silva , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza , Bressan Josefina , Pimenta Adriano Marçal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To analyse the association between food consumption according to the degree of processing and incidence of hypertension in CUME project participants.Design:Longitudinal study in which food consumption was evaluated according to the percentage contribution of daily energetic intake (%/d) of each NOVA classification group (unprocessed/minimally processed foods and culinary preparations (U/MPF&CP); processed foods and ultra-processed foods (UPF)). Hypertension was defined according to American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) criteria. Adjusted relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95 % CI) were estimated by Poisson regression models with robust variances.Setting:Brazil.Participants:1221 graduates classified as non-hypertensive at baseline and monitored for 2 years.Results:Daily energetic percentage from each group according to degree of processing was 64·3 (sd12) % for U/MPF&CP; 9·9 (sd5·8) % for processed foods and 25·8 (sd11) % for UPF. Incidence of hypertension was high (152/1000 person-years;n113, 193/1000 person-years in males andn257, 138/1000 person-years in females). After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the upper quintile of daily energetic intake of U/MPF&CP presented a reduced risk of hypertension (RR: 0·72; 95 % CI 0·52, 0·98), while those in the upper quintile of daily energetic intake of UPF presented an increased risk of the outcome (RR: 1·35; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·81).Conclusions:In this prospective cohort of Brazilian middle-aged adult university graduates, the highest consumptions of U/MPF&CP and UPF were associated with, respectively, reduced and increased risk of hypertension. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results.
How to protect both health and food system sustainability? A holistic ‘global health’-based approach via the 3V rule proposal
Authors: Fardet A , Rock E 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To define a generic diet to protect human health and food system sustainability based on three dimensions: animal:plant ratio, degree of food processing and food diversity.Design/setting:The percentages of maximum animal and ultra-processed energy content were evaluated from scientific papers (Web of Science database) and reports from international scientific institutions. Then, a weekly French standard diet, including these percentages and food diversity (≥42 different foods), was designed to calculate adequacy to nutritional needs.Results:Based on traditional and scientifically based healthy diets, and on foresight scenarios for sustainable diets at horizon 2050, a median daily animal energy content intake of 15 % was found to be protective towards both human health and environment. Based on epidemiological studies associating ultra-processed energy consumption with increased overweight/obesity risk, a precautionary threshold of approximately 15 % ultra-processed energy content was observed. The French diet allows addressing all nutritional needs and other nutritional indicators such as maximum salt and simple sugar consumption,α-linolenic acid:linoleic acid ratio and essential amino acids. This diet was named the ‘3V rule’ for Végétal (plant), Vrai (real) and Varié (varied, if possible organic, local and seasonal). This generic diet can be adapted according to regional traditions and environmental characteristics. Excluding only one dimension of it would threaten both health and food system sustainability.Conclusions:Tending towards a 3V-based diet, while respecting local constraints, should allow preserving human health, environment (greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, deforestation, etc.), small farmers, animal welfare and biodiversity, culinary traditions and socioeconomics (including an alleviation of public health cost).
WHITE OPPOSITION TO NATIVE NATION SOVEREIGNTY
Authors: Davis-Delano Laurel R. , Galliher Renee V. , Carlson Kirsten Matoy , Eason Arianne E. , Fryberg Stephanie A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince first contact with Europeans, Native American nations have strived to maintain and strengthen their sovereignty. Yet, non-Native individuals and groups, as well as federal, state, and local governments, continue to challenge this sovereignty. Despite the critical importance of sovereignty, the only academic study focused on U.S. public attitudes toward Native nation sovereignty predated the rise of Native nation gaming and relied on samples from three universities. In our study, we surveyed over 2000 White Americans from across the United States to examine attitudes toward Native nation sovereignty. Of the many factors that may influence these attitudes, we focused on three: belief in “the casino Indian” stereotype, the perception that Native American interests conflict with the interests of Whites, and the presence of Native nation gaming in participants’ states.We find two significant models predicting attitudes towards Native nation sovereignty. First, greater endorsement of the casino Indian stereotype is associated with more negative attitudes toward Native nation sovereignty. This relationship is explained, at least in part, by the perception that Native American interests conflict with the interests of Whites. That is, the more White participants endorsed the casino Indian sterereotype, the more apt they were to believe that their interests conflict with Native Americans, which in turn is related to more negative attitudes towards Native nation sovereignty. The second model revealed that the presence of Native nation gaming in the participant’s state has important indirect implications for attitudes towards Native nation sovereignty. Specifically, White participants living in states with Native nation gaming are more likely to endorse the casino Indian stereotype, which is related to greater perceived conflict of interest with Native Americans, and, ultimately perceived conflict of interest is associated with more negative attitudes toward Native nation sovereignty. We situate our findings relative to group position theory and discuss practical implications for Native nation sovereignty.
Shallow Lower Mantle Viscosity Modulates the Pattern of Mantle Structure
Authors: D. L. Lourenço , M. L. Rudolph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTomographic images of Earth's mantle reveal that structure, even at the largest spatial scales, does not remain correlated across all mantle depths. This is a surprising result given the relationship between a dominantly spherical harmonic degree‐2 pattern in the lower mantle and the pattern of plate motions at the surface, that is, the fact that the two large, low‐shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean are located near regions of surface divergence and away from regions of recent and ongoing subduction. Here, we combine analysis of seismic tomography models and numerical simulations of global‐scale mantle circulation to show that the change in correlation in mantle structure across the extended transition zone (400–1,000‐km depth), as revealed by the mantle radial correlation function (RCF), can be attributed primarily to the influence of seismically fast regions in the transition zone beneath the western Pacific subduction zones. Similar changes in the correlation of structure in global models of mantle circulation can be explained by a relatively large increase in viscosity (of at least a hundred times) between the upper mantle and lower mantle. We also demonstrate that a stronger endothermic phase transition at a depth of 660 km helps explain the observed pattern of the mantle RCF and the correlation between geodynamic models and seismic tomography. We account for the differences in resolution and parameterization of geodynamic versus tomographic models through the application of a tomographic resolution operator.
No Cretaceous‐Paleogene Boundary in Exposed Rajahmundry Traps: A Refined Chronology of the Longest Deccan Lava Flows From40Ar/39Ar Dates, Magnetostratigraphy, and Biostratigraphy
Authors: Fendley Isabel M. , Sprain Courtney J. , Renne Paul R. , Arenillas Ignacio , Arz José A. , Gilabert Vicente , Self Stephen , Vanderkluysen Loÿc , Pande Kanchan , Smit Jan , Mittal Tushar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeccan Traps flood basalt volcanism affected ecosystems spanning the end‐Cretaceous mass extinction, with the most significant environmental effects hypothesized to be a consequence of the largest eruptions. The Rajahmundry Traps are the farthest exposures (~1,000 km) of Deccan basalt from the putative eruptive centers in the Western Ghats and hence represent some of the largest volume Deccan eruptions. Although the three subaerial Rajahmundry lava flows have been geochemically correlated to the Wai Subgroup of the Deccan Traps, poor precision associated with previous radioisotopic age constraints has prevented detailed comparison with potential climate effects. In this study, we use new40Ar/39Ar dates, paleomagnetic and volcanological analyses, and biostratigraphic constraints for the Rajahmundry lava flows to ascertain the timing and style of their emplacement. We find that the lower and middle flows (65.92 ± 0.25 and 65.67 ± 0.08 Ma, ±1σsystematic uncertainty) were erupted within magnetochron C29r and were a part of the Ambenali Formation of the Deccan Traps. By contrast, the uppermost flow (65.27 ± 0.08 Ma) was erupted in C29n as part of the Mahabaleshwar Formation. Given these age constraints, the Rajahmundry flows were not involved in the end‐Cretaceous extinction as previously hypothesized. To determine whether the emplacement of the Rajahmundry flows could have affected global climate, we estimated their eruptive CO2release and corresponding climate change using scalings from the LOSCAR carbon cycle model. We find that the eruptive gas emissions of these flows were insufficient to directly cause multi‐degree warming; hence, a causal relationship with significant climate warming requires additional Earth system feedbacks.
Upward Negative Leaders in Positive Upward Lightning in Winter: Propagation Velocities, Electric Field Change Waveforms, and Triggering Mechanism
Authors: Wu Ting , Wang Daohong , Takagi Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUpward negative leaders (UNLs) in positive upward lightning are rarely observed. In this study, 24 UNLs observed by the Fast Antenna Lightning Mapping Array during winter thunderstorms in Japan are analyzed. Three‐dimensional velocities of UNLs are calculated, and it is found that velocities during the upward propagation stage range from 1.8 to 27.9 × 105 m/s with a mean value of 10.4 × 105 m/s, and they are always larger than velocities during the following horizontal propagation stage. UNLs produce distinctive electric field change waveforms with V‐shaped overall change trend, with small pulses at the beginning when UNLs start, large pulses during upward propagations, and small pulses again when UNLs turn into horizontal directions. Pulses produced by UNLs are mainly unipolar but sometimes also bipolar. Pulse interval, pulse width, rise time, and fall time are calculated for waveforms produced by five UNLs. Pulse intervals range from 13.7 to 18.9 μs. Pulse width, rise time, and fall time are on average 5.8, 3.3, and 2.4 μs, respectively. All UNLs are preceded by other discharges. Strong negative strokes including some special types of strokes usually precede initiations of UNLs by tens of milliseconds. These negative strokes are usually found only a few kilometers away from UNLs. It is speculated that these negative strokes along with following in‐cloud positive leaders contribute to the depletion of negative charges in thunderclouds, which result in positive electric field changes (atmospheric electricity sign convention) large enough for initiations of UNLs.
The impact of the Syrian conflict on population well-being
Authors: Cheung Felix , Kube Amanda , Tay Louis , Diener Edward , Jackson Joshua J. , Lucas Richard E. , Ni Michael Y. , Leung Gabriel M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe United Nations described the Syrian conflict as the worst man-made disaster since World War II. We adopted a global perspective in examining the impact of the Syrian conflict on Syrians’ physical, mental, and social well-being using the Gallup World Poll. Face-to-face interview data of 11,452 Syrian participants from 2008 to 2015 show that Syrians’ physical (e.g., access to shelter), mental (e.g., life satisfaction), and social (e.g., social support) well-being decline substantially. Syrians who reported being exposed to the conflict are similarly affected compared to those without direct exposure, suggesting country-wide spillover effects. Global data covering 1.7 million participants across 163 countries from 2006 to 2016 show during the conflict, Syria’s precipitous decline in well-being is unparalleled in the world, even when compared to countries similarly experiencing war, protests, and disasters. Our findings reinforce the vital importance of an accelerated peace process to restore well-being in Syria.
On quantum gravity tests with composite particles
Authors: Kumar Shreya P. , Plenio Martin B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractModels of quantum gravity imply a fundamental revision of our description of position and momentum that manifests in modifications of the canonical commutation relations. Experimental tests of such modifications remain an outstanding challenge. These corrections scale with the mass of test particles, which motivates experiments using macroscopic composite particles. Here we consider a challenge to such tests, namely that quantum gravity corrections of canonical commutation relations are expected to be suppressed with increasing number of constituent particles. Since the precise scaling of this suppression is unknown, it needs to be bounded experimentally and explicitly incorporated into rigorous analyses of quantum gravity tests. We analyse this scaling based on data from past experiments involving macroscopic pendula, and provide tight bounds that exceed those of current experiments based on quantum mechanical oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss possible experiments that promise even stronger bounds thus bringing rigorous and well-controlled tests of quantum gravity closer to reality.
A lung tropic AAV vector improves survival in a mouse model of surfactant B deficiency
Authors: Kang Martin H. , van Lieshout Laura P. , Xu Liqun , Domm Jakob M. , Vadivel Arul , Renesme Laurent , Mühlfeld Christian , Hurskainen Maria , Mižíková Ivana , Pei Yanlong , van Vloten Jacob P. , Thomas Sylvia P. , Milazzo Claudia , Cyr-Depauw Chanèle , Whitsett Jeffrey A. , Nogee Lawrence M. , Wootton Sarah K. , Thébaud Bernard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurfactant protein B (SP-B) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder that impairs surfactant homeostasis and manifests as lethal respiratory distress. A compelling argument exists for gene therapy to treat this disease, as de novo protein synthesis of SP-B in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells is required for proper surfactant production. Here we report a rationally designed adeno-associated virus (AAV) 6 capsid that demonstrates efficiency in lung epithelial cell transduction based on imaging and flow cytometry analysis. Intratracheal administration of this vector delivering murine or human proSFTPB cDNA into SP-B deficient mice restores surfactant homeostasis, prevents lung injury, and improves lung physiology. Untreated SP-B deficient mice develop fatal respiratory distress within two days. Gene therapy results in an improvement in median survival to greater than 200 days. This vector also transduces human lung tissue, demonstrating its potential for clinical translation against this lethal disease.
Unzipping of black phosphorus to form zigzag-phosphorene nanobelts
Authors: Liu Zhifang , Sun Yilin , Cao Huaqiang , Xie Dan , Li Wei , Wang Jiaou , Cheetham Anthony K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhosphorene, monolayer or few-layer black phosphorus, exhibits fascinating anisotropic properties and shows interesting semiconducting behavior. The synthesis of phosphorene nanosheets is still a hot topic, including the shaping of its two-dimensional structure into nanoribbons or nanobelts. Here we report electrochemical unzipping of single crystalline black phosphorus into zigzag-phosphorene nanobelts, as well as nanosheets and quantum dots, via an oxygen-driven mechanism. The experimental results agree well with our theoretical calculations. The calculation for the unzipping mechanism study suggests that interstitial oxygen-pairs are the critical intermediate species for generating zigzag-phosphorene nanobelts. Although phosphorene oxidation has been reported, lengthwise cutting is hitherto unreported. Our discovery of phosphorene cut upon oxidation represents a previously unknown mechanism for the formation of various dimensions of phosphorene nanostructures, especially zigzag-phosphorene nanobelts. It opens up a way for studying the quantum effects and electronic properties of zigzag-phosphorene nanobelts.
A bilateral interfacial passivation strategy promoting efficiency and stability of perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Xu Leimeng , Li Jianhai , Cai Bo , Song Jizhong , Zhang Fengjuan , Fang Tao , Zeng Haibo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPerovskite quantum-dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) possess the features of wide gamut and real color expression, which have been considered as candidates for high-quality lightings and displays. However, massive defects are prone to be reproduced during the quantum dot (QD) film assembly, which would sorely affect carrier injection, transportation and recombination, and finally degrade QLED performances. Here, we propose a bilateral passivation strategy through passivating both top and bottom interfaces of QD film with organic molecules, which has drastically enhanced the efficiency and stability of perovskite QLEDs. Various molecules were applied, and comparison experiments were conducted to verify the necessity of passivation on both interfaces. Eventually, the passivated device achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 18.7% and current efficiency of 75 cd A−1. Moreover, the operational lifetime of QLEDs is enhanced by 20-fold, reaching 15.8 h. These findings highlight the importance of interface passivation for efficient and stable QD-based optoelectronic devices.
The REGγ inhibitor NIP30 increases sensitivity to chemotherapy in p53-deficient tumor cells
Authors: Gao Xiao , Wang Qingwei , Wang Ying , Liu Jiang , Liu Shuang , Liu Jian , Zhou Xingli , Zhou Li , Chen Hui , Pan Linian , Chen Jiwei , Wang Da , Zhang Qing , Shen Shihui , Xiao Yu , Wu Zhipeng , Cheng Yiyun , Chen Geng , Kubra Syeda , Qin Jun , Huang Lan , Zhang Pei , Wang Chuangui , Moses Robb E. , Lonard David M. , Malley Bert W. O’ , Fares Fuad , Zhang Bianhong , Li Xiaotao , Li Lei , Xiao Jianru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA major challenge in chemotherapy is chemotherapy resistance in cells lacking p53. Here we demonstrate that NIP30, an inhibitor of the oncogenic REGγ-proteasome, attenuates cancer cell growth and sensitizes p53-compromised cells to chemotherapeutic agents. NIP30 acts by binding to REGγ via an evolutionarily-conserved serine-rich domain with 4-serine phosphorylation. We find the cyclin-dependent phosphatase CDC25A is a key regulator for NIP30 phosphorylation and modulation of REGγ activity during the cell cycle or after DNA damage. We validate CDC25A-NIP30-REGγ mediated regulation of the REGγ target protein p21 in vivo using p53−/− and p53/REGγ double-deficient mice. Moreover, Phosphor-NIP30 mimetics significantly increase the growth inhibitory effect of chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. Given that NIP30 is frequently mutated in the TCGA cancer database, our results provide insight into the regulatory pathway controlling the REGγ-proteasome in carcinogenesis and offer a novel approach to drug-resistant cancer therapy.
ATP-dependent hydroxylation of an unactivated primary carbon with water
Authors: Jacoby Christian , Ferlaino Sascha , Bezold Dominik , Jessen Henning , Müller Michael , Boll Matthias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnzymatic hydroxylation of unactivated primary carbons is generally associated with the use of molecular oxygen as co-substrate for monooxygenases. However, in anaerobic cholesterol-degrading bacteria such as Sterolibacterium denitrificans the primary carbon of the isoprenoid side chain is oxidised to a carboxylate in the absence of oxygen. Here, we identify an enzymatic reaction sequence comprising two molybdenum-dependent hydroxylases and one ATP-dependent dehydratase that accomplish the hydroxylation of unactivated primary C26 methyl group of cholesterol with water: (i) hydroxylation of C25 to a tertiary alcohol, (ii) ATP-dependent dehydration to an alkene via a phosphorylated intermediate, (iii) hydroxylation of C26 to an allylic alcohol that is subsequently oxidised to the carboxylate. The three-step enzymatic reaction cascade divides the high activation energy barrier of primary C–H bond cleavage into three biologically feasible steps. This finding expands our knowledge of biological C–H activations beyond canonical oxygenase-dependent reactions.
Zuo1 supports G4 structure formation and directs repair toward nucleotide excision repair
Authors: De Magis Alessio , Götz Silvia , Hajikazemi Mona , Fekete-Szücs Enikő , Caterino Marco , Juranek Stefan , Paeschke Katrin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNucleic acids can fold into G-quadruplex (G4) structures that can fine-tune biological processes. Proteins are required to recognize G4 structures and coordinate their function. Here we identify Zuo1 as a novel G4-binding protein in vitro and in vivo. In vivo in the absence of Zuo1 fewer G4 structures form, cell growth slows and cells become UV sensitive. Subsequent experiments reveal that these cellular changes are due to reduced levels of G4 structures. Zuo1 function at G4 structures results in the recruitment of nucleotide excision repair (NER) factors, which has a positive effect on genome stability. Cells lacking functional NER, as well as Zuo1, accumulate G4 structures, which become accessible to translesion synthesis. Our results suggest a model in which Zuo1 supports NER function and regulates the choice of the DNA repair pathway nearby G4 structures.