bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Psychiatric Disorders and Alcohol Consumption Levels in an Adult Primary Care Population
Authors: Palzes Vanessa A. , Parthasarathy Sujaya , Chi Felicia W. , Kline‐Simon Andrea H. , Lu Yun , Weisner Constance , Ross Thekla B. , Elson Joseph , Sterling Stacy A. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundUnhealthy alcohol use frequently co‐occurs with psychiatric disorders; however, little is known about the relationship between psychiatric disorders and alcohol consumption levels. Understanding varying levels of unhealthy alcohol use among individuals with a variety of psychiatric disorders in primary care would provide valuable insight for tailoring interventions.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 2,720,231 adult primary care patients screened for unhealthy alcohol use between 2014 and 2017 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, using electronic health record data. Alcohol consumption level was classified as no reported use, low‐risk use, and unhealthy use, per National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines. Unhealthy use was further differentiated into mutually exclusive groups: exceeding only daily limits, exceeding only weekly limits, or exceeding both daily and weekly limits. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were fit to examine associations between 8 past‐year psychiatric disorders (depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa) and alcohol consumption levels, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics.ResultsIn the full sample [53% female, 48% White, mean (SD) age = 46 (18) years], patients with psychiatric disorders (except eating disorders), compared to those without, had lower odds of reporting low‐risk and unhealthy alcohol use relative to no use. Among patients who reported any alcohol use (n = 861,427), patients with depression and anxiety disorder, compared to those without, had higher odds of exceeding only weekly limits and both limits; patients with bulimia nervosa were also more likely to exceed both limits.ConclusionsFindings suggest that patients with anxiety disorder, depression, and bulimia nervosa who drink alcohol are more likely to exceed recommended limits, increasing risk of developing more serious problems. Health systems and clinicians may wish to consider implementing more robust screening, assessment, and intervention approaches to support these vulnerable subgroups in limiting their drinking.
Effects of integrating CSR information in financial reports on investors’ firm value estimates
Authors: Haji Abdifatah Ahmed , Coram Paul , Troshani Indrit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing an experiment, we find that corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance measures have a greater impact on investors’ firm value estimates when reported in a separate report than when integrated into a financial report. We also find that more investors misclassified CSR information as assured when integrated into financial reports than when reported in separate reports. Investors who misclassified CSR information rated its credibility higher and derived higher firm value estimates compared to investors who correctly classified this information as non‐assured. Overall, our results identify potential costs of integrating CSR measures in financial reports, and inform global regulators considering alternative CSR reporting frameworks.
Bringing War Back in: Victory and State Formation in Latin America
Authors: Schenoni Luis L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScholars have often dismissed the effect of war on state formation in regions like Latin America, where mobilization for war is deemed insufficiently intense and international conflict fails to out‐select weaker states. Against this conventional wisdom, I contend that wars can affect state‐building trajectories in a postwar period through the different state institutions that result from victory and defeat. After reconsidering the role of war outcomes in classical bellicist theory I use difference‐in‐differences analysis to identify the effect of losing vis‐à‐vis winning a war on levels of state capacity in a panel of Latin America (1865–1913). I then illustrate my causal mechanisms in case studies of the Paraguayan War (1864–1870) and the War of the Pacific (1879–1883) and apply the synthetic control method to these cases. Although out‐selection of losers obscures the effect of war outcomes in European history, Latin America illuminates their long‐term consequences.
Mutual Optimism and War, and the Strategic Tensions of the July Crisis
Authors: Debs Alexandre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIs mutual optimism a rationalist explanation for war? Countries are mutually optimistic if they have incompatible beliefs about the balance of power. Private information may fuel such beliefs, but it is unclear how rational countries could maintain incompatible beliefs if favorable information motivates a decision to fight, once countries incorporate their understanding of equilibrium strategies and later observe their enemy's decision to fight. I show that if countries have multiple reasons to fight—a favorable signal about the balance of power and a high resolve for the issue in dispute—then rational enemies can hold incompatible beliefs about the balance of power because an enemy's preference for war may not come from a favorable signal. Rational countries may even celebrate such an announcement, if it helps justify their own decision to fight. I discuss the implications of this argument for the causes of the First World War.
Geographies of Policing: Domestic Violence, Mandatory Arrest, and Police Liability
Authors: Cuomo Dana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor most of United States history, the police did not intervene in domestic violence. To redress for this history, police departments began implementing mandatory arrest policies in the 1980s. These policies require police to arrest in cases of domestic violence when injuries are present, regardless of victim consent. Drawing on two years of ethnographic research conducted in central Pennsylvania, including participant observation in a domestic violence unit of a police department and interviews with police officers, this paper examines how mandatory arrest policies extend the spatial reach of the state into private space and intimate relationships. Specifically, I argue that the policing of domestic violence positions police officers as neoliberal subjects responsible for mediating abusive relationships on behalf of the state. This paper contributes to geographic research on policing in the private sphere, while also offering a detailed accounting of the mechanics of police practice.
“We Too Have Blackened Our Hands”: Work, Harm, and Legitimacy in a Delhi Scrap Market
Authors: Saraf Ishani 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe phrase “we too have blackened our hands” was often repeated to me in conversations with shop owners in what I call “Leela Market,” one of India’s largest metal scrap and parts markets, located in Delhi. I consider the refrain of “having blackened one’s hands” in order to highlight the place‐making power of repeated embodied practice and expressive forms and to explore how those who pursue their livelihood in the market invoked a particular quality and world of work to claim rightful presence and legitimacy in the city. This essay ethnographically renders two activities—“breaking a car” and “cleaning gently”—as forms of work that compose the refrain and resound through the landscape of Leela Market. These forms of work hold together various material practices and transactions, heterogeneous communities and experiences, and contested events and histories that are entangled with the transformation of metal discards into scrap and parts. As regulatory interventions challenge the relevance of the market and threaten its place in the city, these forms of work also constitute a basis for engagements with various forms and discourses of harm, pollution, and toxicity.
Working against Labor: Struggles for Self in the Indian Construction Industry
Authors: Sargent Adam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrom the outside, India’s urban construction sites appear to be places of toil, yet for workers, the material qualities of particular actions, from carrying bricks to cutting marble, are experienced as either self‐affirming work or abject labor. This article explores how construction workers understand and intervene in the meaning of their work. Skilled and semi‐skilled workers are particularly attentive to the bodily shifts brought on by work, as well as the varied recognition of such shifts by others. The formulation of a superior’s command, along with callouses, capacities, and the aches induced by work are all understood as elements of an unstable process of transformation. Workers are constantly on guard to ensure that their work, envisioned as a specific bodily capacity, does not devolve into labor or undifferentiated toil. By refusing to perform tasks that they consider labor, these workers simultaneously assert control over the conditions of their productive activity and recreate an embodied form of class distinction. I argue that such refusals and contestations constitute a politics of work that poses particular limitations but also possibilities for envisioning the nature of capitalist work more generally.
Effects of serotonin and dopamine on ovarian development in the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae)
Authors: Dineshan Sneha , Sudha Devi Arath Raghavan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe current study explicated the effects of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) and dopamine (DA) on ovarian development in the edible freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae, distributed in the wetlands of Wayanad. Adult intermoult female crabs in various oogenic stages were administered with 5‐HT and DA, weekly once for four weeks and the ovaries processed for histological and biochemical analyses. The results indicated that 5‐HT induced ovarian maturation by a significant rise in ovarian index, mean oocyte diameter, oocyte proportion values, gonial proliferation, folliculogenesis and degree of yolk deposition while DA showed a significant decline in the aforesaid parameters thus delaying ovarian growth when compared to the untreated controls. Further biochemical analyses confirmed the 5‐HT triggered ovarian growth as evinced from the significant rise in total protein, oligo and polysaccharide fractions, free amino acids, lipid and cholesterol contents compared to the significantly low values of DA‐treated group and control crabs. The present study clearly demonstrated the antagonistic effects of 5‐HT and DA on ovarian maturation in T. schirnerae. In conclusion, the stimulatory neurotransmitter, 5‐HT provides a non‐surgical practical solution for inducing ovarian growth and maturation in species of aquaculture importance.
The Consequences of Living in Childcare Deserts: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Young Marisa , Montazer Shirin , Singh Diana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur study addresses whether working parents with young children living in childcare deserts experience greater work‐family conflict and psychological distress compared to those in more resourced areas. We use 2011 individual‐level data from Toronto matched to census and administrative childcare data. Results suggest that mothers experience greater conflict than fathers when in high‐resourced areas. Fathers who work long hours and reside in a desert report greater psychological distress than fathers in nondeserts. These patterns are contrary to the observed results for mothers’ distress by childcare availability. Our study underscores the impact of childcare options and the importance of access for all.
Neurodevelopment in early treated HIV‐infected infants participating in a developmental stimulation programme compared with controls
Authors: Strehlau Renate , Burke Megan , van Aswegen Tamryn , Kuhn Louise , Potterton Joanne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurodevelopmental stimulation programmes can improve developmental outcomes. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) started soon after birth potentially limits the invasion of HIV into the central nervous system. A combination of developmental stimulation and early ART initiation may reduce developmental delays in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection.MethodsAt a single site in Johannesburg, South Africa, we enrolled 36 HIV‐infected neonates on ART into an intervention group (IG) participating in a yearlong home‐based, neurodevelopmental stimulation programme. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐3rd Edition (BSID‐III) assessments were conducted at 12 months. Scores were compared with 24 early treated HIV‐infected infants in an observational group (OG). BSID‐III assessments were also conducted for older children in an OG at 24 or 36 months. Cognitive, language and motor scaled and composite scores were analysed.ResultsBSID‐III scaled and composite scores were all higher in the IG apart from the gross motor scaled score (9.25 vs. 10, p = 0.1954). Receptive communication scaled score was significantly higher in the IG (10.96 vs. 9, p = 0.0331). IG composite scores were all higher than OG scores. OG children assessed at 24 or 36 months had lower composite scores in all subscales than 12‐month OG scores.ConclusionsEarly treated HIV‐infected children participating in a neurodevelopmental stimulation programme achieved higher BSID‐III scores at 12 months compared with early treated HIV‐infected children who did not receive the programme.
Genome‐wide analysis of acute traumatic spinal cord injury‐related RNA expression profiles and uncovering of a regulatory axis in spinal fibrotic scars
Authors: Wang Wenzhao , Li Jun , Zhang Zhengdong , Ma Huixu , Li Qin , Yang Hai , Li Mingxin , Liu Lei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical for posttranscriptional and transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells. However, data on lncRNA expression in the lesion epicentres of spinal tissues after acute traumatic spinal cord injury (ATSCI) are scarce. We aimed to identify lncRNA expression profiles in such centres and predict latent regulatory networks.Materials and methodsHigh‐throughput RNA‐sequencing was used to profile the expression and regulatory patterns of lncRNAs, microRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in an ATSCI C57BL/6 mouse model. Chromosome distributions, open reading frames (ORFs), transcript abundances, exon numbers and lengths were compared between lncRNAs and mRNAs. Gene ontology, KEGG pathways and binding networks were analysed. The findings were validated by qRT‐PCRs and luciferase assays.ResultsIntronic lncRNAs were the most common differentially expressed lncRNA. Most lncRNAs had <6 exons, and lncRNAs had shorter lengths and lesser ORFs than mRNAs. MiR‐21a‐5p had the most significant differential expression and bound to the differentially expressed lncRNA ENSMUST00000195880. The microRNAs and lncRNAs with significant differential expression were screened, and a lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA interaction network was predicted, constructed and verified.ConclusionsThe regulatory actions of this network may play a role in the pathophysiology of ATSCI. Our findings may lead to better understanding of potential ncRNA biomarkers and confer better therapeutic strategies for ATSCIs.
952. CANARIUM PILICARPUM
Authors: Rakotoarisoa Solofo E. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryCanarium pilicarpum Daly, Raharim. & Federman is a recently described species of the genus Canarium L. endemic to Madagascar. It occurs mainly in the eastern humid forest and near the northern tip of Madagascar. For more than 60 years this species was part of Canarium madagascariense Engl., before Daly's recent revision of the genus Canarium in Madagascar. In this paper we present an overview and revision of the genus Canarium. A full description of Canarium pilicarpum is given with further information about the plant itself.
Lessons from reducing bribery in Uganda’s health services
Authors: Peiffer Caryn , Armytage Rosita , Marquette Heather , Gumisiriza Pius 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMotivationBribery is common in Uganda’s health sector, with an estimated one in four Ugandans who engage with the sector being asked to pay a bribe for services in 2010. Health workers in the public sector are badly paid, while significant numbers of well‐trained health workers emigrate to find better‐paid work. However, between 2010 and 2015, estimated rates of bribery halved in Ugandan health services.PurposeWhy did bribery in Uganda’s health service fall so much in the 2010s? What does this mean for anticorruption research and practice?Approach and methodsIn addition to reviewing relevant literature and documents, in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with service providers, users and experts were conducted in Uganda’s Central, Eastern and Western provinces.FindingsThe establishment of the Health Monitoring Unit (HMU) in 2009 has been a major factor in reducing bribery. It used highly visible, often controversial investigations based on a principal–agent approach to anticorruption. Its approach, however, also led to negative unintended consequences, including undermining morale among frontline health providers and probably also citizens’ trust in health services. It is moreover questionable if the HMU’s approach can be sustained.Policy ImplicationsTo tackle frontline bribery effectively and sustainably, and so enhance service delivery, anticorruption interventions must consider the underlying functions and needs—such as compensating frontline staff for low wages—that bribery may help fill. Otherwise controls on corruption may result in more harm than the good they do in reducing corruption.
An expert system for low‐power and lossy indoor sensor networks
Authors: Habib Sami J. , Marimuthu Paulvanna N. , Renold Pravin , Ganesh Athi Balaji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe have developed an expert system comprising a self‐aware framework for resource‐efficient and accurate data transmission within a low‐power lossy sensor network (LLN) deployed for indoor monitoring. We derived both individual and group awareness, which could ensure the awareness of each sensor regarding its resources, neighbours and network environment. The proposed expert system facilitates decision‐making under dynamic environmental conditions and employs a multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) model to determine the selection of the best path towards the sink node with awareness of the existing network environment. The proposed system is validated by constructing a 6LoWPAN network in the Contiki Cooja simulator. MCDM is applied to generate an adaptive objective function for the IPv6 routing protocol for the LLN (RPL) and to aid in ranking the nodes to select the best available neighbouring node, while the data accuracy is ensured by the cluster head through data correlation among its associated members. The network performance is assessed by analyzing the packet delivery rate, throughput and energy consumption against varying sensors and by comparing our proposed MCDM‐RPL with a standard RPL and a fuzzy‐based RPL, where the results show that our framework is found to be better with gains of 13, 25 and 13%, respectively.
Spatial reference learning deficits in absence of dysfunctional working memory in the TgF344‐AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tournier Benjamin B. , Barca Cristina , Fall Aïda B. , Gloria Yesica , Meyer Léa , Ceyzériat Kelly , Millet Philippe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive disorders and alterations of behavioral traits such as anhedonia and anxiety. Contribution of nonphysiological forms of amyloid and tau peptides to the onset of neurological dysfunctions remains unclear because most preclinical models only present one of those pathological AD‐related biomarkers. A more recently developed model, the TgF344‐AD rat has the advantage of overexpressing amyloid and naturally developing tauopathy, thus making it close to human familial forms of AD. We showed the presence of a learning dysfunction in a reference memory test, without spatial working memory impairment but with an increase in anxiety levels and a decrease in motivation to participate in the test. In the sucrose preference test, TgF344‐AD rats did not show signs of anhedonia but did not increase the volume of liquid consumed when the water was replaced by sucrose solution. These behavioral phenomena were observed at an age when tau accumulation are absent, and where amyloid deposits are predominant in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. Within the hippocampus itself, amyloid accumulation is heterogenous between the subiculum, the dorsal hippocampus and the ventral hippocampus. Thus, our data demonstrated heterogeneity in the appearance of various behavioral and neurochemical markers in the TgF344‐AD rat. This multivariate analysis will therefore make it possible to define the stage of the pathology, to measure its evolution and the effects of future therapeutic treatments.
Climatic drivers of (changes in) bat migration phenology at Bracken Cave (USA)
Authors: Haest Birgen , Stepanian Phillip M. , Wainwright Charlotte E. , Liechti Felix , Bauer Silke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate change is drastically changing the timing of biological events across the globe. Changes in the phenology of seasonal migrations between the breeding and wintering grounds have been observed across biological taxa, including birds, mammals, and insects. For birds, strong links have been shown between changes in migration phenology and changes in weather conditions at the wintering, stopover, and breeding areas. For other animal taxa, the current understanding of, and evidence for, climate (change) influences on migration still remains rather limited, mainly due to the lack of long‐term phenology datasets. Bracken Cave in Texas (USA) holds one of the largest bat colonies of the world. Using weather radar data, a unique 23‐year (1995–2017) long time series was recently produced of the spring and autumn migration phenology of Brazilian free‐tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at Bracken Cave. Here, we analyse these migration phenology time series in combination with gridded temperature, precipitation, and wind data across Mexico and southern USA, to identify the climatic drivers of (changes in) bat migration phenology. Perhaps surprisingly, our extensive spatiotemporal search did not find temperature to influence either spring or autumn migration. Instead, spring migration phenology seems to be predominantly driven by wind conditions at likely wintering or spring stopover areas during the migration period. Autumn migration phenology, on the other hand, seems to be dominated by precipitation to the east and north‐east of Bracken Cave. Long‐term changes towards more frequent migration and favourable wind conditions have, furthermore, allowed spring migration to occur 16 days earlier. Our results illustrate how some of the remaining knowledge gaps on the influence of climate (change) on bat migration and abundance can be addressed using weather radar analyses.