bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive Polarized Light Guiding and Thermally Induced Visible Fluorescence in Histidine Microstructures with Optical Switching Function
Authors: Handelman Amir , Lapsker Igor , Jacob Avi , Laikhtman Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe increasing interest in implantable medical devices that incorporate photonic components has accelerated the search for new, biocompatible optical materials at micro‐ and nano‐scale. This work proposes use of the polar amino acid L‐histidine as a candidate for bio‐photonic devices. L‐histidine is self‐assembled into diverse solid‐state crystallized microstructures, one of which—the elongated hexagonal microplate—is shown to have passive waveguiding capability of polarized light. The interaction of polarized light with histidine microplates having different orientations and thicknesses is studied from Stokes parameters and Mueller matrix. The linear birefringence of histidine microplates is estimated by using the theory of generalized Jones matrix for biaxial crystals. Visible fluorescence in heated histidine microplates is discovered and its origin is discussed. The phenomenon of passive waveguiding capability of polarized light by such an elongated hexagonal microplate means that the microplate can be used as a part of an optical switch. The findings show that besides the known chemical and biological characteristics of the amino acid histidine, it also has optical properties that can be exploited in multifunctional biophotonic applications, such as waveguides, polarizers, interconnects, and light sources.
Stable and High‐Strain Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Based on a Carbon Nanotube‐Polymer Bilayer Electrode
Authors: Peng Zihang , Shi Ye , Chen Norris , Li Yanji , Pei Qibing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have shown promises in numerous applications such as bio‐inspired robotics, tactile displays, tunable optics, and microfluidics, owing to their unique combination of large actuation strain, high energy density, and light weight. However, the practical applications of the DEAs have been hindered partly due to their poor reliability and durability under high‐strain actuation. A major failure mechanism is from the localized electrical breakdown. Compliant electrodes with self‐clearing capability have been studied to prevent premature failures. Here, an interpenetrating bilayer compliant electrode comprising a thin layer of a water‐based polyurethane (WPU) overcoated on an ultrathin single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) layer is reported. The thin polyurethane layer serves as the dielectric barrier to suppress corona discharges of the nanotubes in air. The SWNT+WPU bilayer electrode has the capability to self‐clear at the breakdown sites, enhancing the fault tolerance and mendability of the DEA at a large‐strain actuation. Stable actuation at 150% area strain for 1000 cycles under square‐wave voltage and 5.5‐h continuous actuation at a constant voltage have been achieved for acrylic elastomer‐based DEAs.
Magnetoelectric Tuning of Pinning‐Type Permanent Magnets through Atomic‐Scale Engineering of Grain Boundaries
Authors: Ye Xinglong , Yan Fengkai , Schäfer Lukas , Wang Di , Geßwein Holger , Wang Wu , Chellali Mohammed Reda , Stephenson Leigh T. , Skokov Konstantin , Gutfleisch Oliver , Raabe Dierk , Hahn Horst , Gault Baptiste , Kruk Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPinning‐type magnets with high coercivity at high temperatures are at the core of thriving clean‐energy technologies. Among these, Sm2Co17‐based magnets are excellent candidates owing to their high‐temperature stability. However, despite intensive efforts to optimize the intragranular microstructure, the coercivity currently only reaches 20–30% of the theoretical limits. Here, the roles of the grain‐interior nanostructure and the grain boundaries in controlling coercivity are disentangled by an emerging magnetoelectric approach. Through hydrogen charging/discharging by applying voltages of only ≈1 V, the coercivity is reversibly tuned by an unprecedented value of ≈1.3 T. In situ magneto‐structural characterization and atomic‐scale tracking of hydrogen atoms reveal that the segregation of hydrogen atoms at the grain boundaries, rather than the change of the crystal structure, dominates the reversible and substantial change of coercivity. Hydrogen reduces the local magnetocrystalline anisotropy and facilitates the magnetization reversal starting from the grain boundaries. This study opens a way to achieve the giant magnetoelectric effect in permanent magnets by engineering grain boundaries with hydrogen atoms. Furthermore, it reveals the so far neglected critical role of grain boundaries in the conventional magnetization‐switching paradigm of pinning‐type magnets, suggesting a critical reconsideration of engineering strategies to overcome the coercivity limits.
Investigation of ZIF‐78 Morphology and Feed Composition on the Mixed Gas CO2/N2 Separation Performance in Mixed Matrix Membranes
Authors: van Essen Machiel , van den Akker Luuk , Thür Raymond , Houben Menno , Vankelecom Ivo F. J. , Borneman Zandrie , Nijmeijer Kitty 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, the influence of the zeolitic imidazolate framework 78 (ZIF‑78) morphology, with 1D pores, on the mixed matrix membrane (MMM) CO2/N2 mixed gas separation performance is investigated as well as the influence of the feed composition and pressure. Low aspect ratio and a high aspect ratio ZIF‑78 particles are synthesized and incorporated in Matrimid with 10 and 20 wt% additive content. High pressure CO2 and N2 sorption measurements show that both the low and high aspect ratio ZIF‑78 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit similar sorption behavior. The incorporation of ZIF‑78 into Matrimid results in improved CO2 permeabilities up to 39%, without compromising the selectivity, relative to native Matrimid membranes. Both at low and high CO2 partial pressures, the MMMs containing the different ZIF‑78 morphologies show equal CO2 permeabilities, indicating that the ZIF‑78 morphology and consequently the aspect ratio are insignificant for these particular MMMs, contradicting previous observations in literature. Thus, depending on the MOF/polymer system, the MOF morphology and aspect ratio can be considered as a design aspect. Finally, a clear influence of feed composition and pressure on the MMM solubility coefficient and diffusivity is observed, emphasizing the importance of the mixed gas composition and measurement conditions.
Phosphorus‐Containing C12H27O4P as Functional Electrolyte Additives for High‐Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Graphite Li‐Ion Batteries with Excellent Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Li Canhuang , Wu Siyong , Qiu Yijing , Lu Dongsheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs the most promising cathode material in new energy resources, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) are widely researched due to its high platform, low cost, and environment‐friendliness, when they are assembled with graphite into battery which can lead to a faster capacity decay because of unstable solid–liquid interface. This work is devoted to stabilize electrolyte and protect interface of LNMO/graphite full battery by adding multifunctional additive, tributyl phosphate (TBP). Theory calculation which exhibits disconnection of TBP can participate in the reaction to form a uniform and dense cathode electrolyte interface film (8–10 nm) and solid electrolyte interface film around 15 nm on both electrodes, more importantly, the existence of phosphoric acid functional group can hinder the attack of hydrofluoric acid and protect electrode film. Besides, comparing with its homolog, the high‐voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/graphite battery with 1% TBP shows a preponderant discharged capacity retention of 77.8% after 150 cycles, while the blank is only 66%, this work provides a direction for electrolyte additives’ selection at high voltage and has far‐reaching significance for the application of phosphate ester materials.
Ultrathin Monolayer Mn2+‐Alloyed 2D Perovskite Colloidal Quantum Wells
Authors: Zhang Haihua , Yao Jiannian , Fu Hongbing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtomically thin monolayer Mn2+‐alloyed 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) are demonstrated as efficiently tunable emitter with wide color gamut. Ultrathin character evidenced by the well‐controlled thickness of ≈1.8 nm, leads to alloying rather than doping mechanism reported previously, which facilitates uniform and large‐ratio substitution of Pb2+ by Mn2+ within the metal‐halide octahedra layer. Photoluminescence spectra reveal dual color emissions constituted by blue‐greenish intrinsic excitonic emission and reddish Mn2+ emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 32%. Two individual channels are created for precisely targeting the emission color in a wide gamut by finely controlling the excitonic emission via the chemical compositions of Br/I and the Mn2+ emission via the chemical compositions of Mn/Pb, respectively. Experimentally, high quality single‐component white emitter ultrathin CQWs are achieved with CIE coordinate value of (0.33, 0.32), 21% PLQY, and good film processibility. The results reveal great potential as applicant for next generation lighting and display technologies.
Electrochemical Oxidative Functionalization of Arylalkynes: Access to α,α‐Dibromo Aryl Ketones
Authors: Wang Dan , Wan Zhaohua , Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA general and effective protocol to synthesize α,α‐dibromo aryl ketones has been developed via an electrochemical oxidative method. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature in an undivided cell without the addition of external oxidants. In the reaction process, LiBr acts as both bromine source and supporting electrolyte. This electrooxidation strategy has good substrate applicability and functional group compatibility. Moreover, the reaction could be scaled up efficiently in a continuous flow cell. The target product could undergo further functionalization for the synthesis of some useful heterocyclic compounds.magnified image
Boron‐Catalyzed Dehydrative Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Arenes Using β‐Hydroxyl Ketone as MVK Precursor
Authors: San Htet Htet , Huang Jie , Lei Aye Seinn , Tang Xiang‐Ying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBoron‐catalyzed environmentally benign dehydrative Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of indole/pyrrole and aniline derivatives with β‐hydroxyl ketones has been developed for the first time. This method provides an efficient and green replacement of toxic and unstable methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) by safer and cheaper β‐hydroxyl ketone. The reaction features easy operation, wide substrate scope and significantly, only water is formed as by‐product.magnified image
Phosphorus Compounds as Precursors and Catalysts for Radical C−C Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Maddigan‐Wyatt Jeremy , Hooper Joel F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe photochemistry of organophosphorus compounds and their reactions with carbon‐centred radicals was studied from the 1950s to the 70s, but has not been well exploited in synthetic chemistry until very recently. This review discusses the various modes of reactivity that phosphorus compounds display in radical C−C bond forming reactions, including the role of phosphonium salts as radical precursors, phosphines and phosphites as deoxygenating agents from oxygen‐centred radicals and phosphines in electron‐ and charge‐transfer chemistry. We also highlight the potential that these processes have in the future development of new reactions and cascade processes.magnified image
Organocatalytic Deuteration Induced by the Dynamic Covalent Interaction of Imidazolium Cations with Ketones
Authors: Galkin Konstantin I. , Gordeev Evgeniy G. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we suggest a new organocatalytic approach based on the dynamic covalent interaction of imidazolium cations with ketones. A reaction of N‐alkyl imidazolium salts with acetone‐d6 in the presence of oxygenated bases generates a dynamic organocatalytic system with a mixture of protonated carbene/ketone adducts acting as H/D exchange catalysts. The developed methodology of the pH‐dependent deuteration showed high selectivity of labeling and good chiral functional group tolerance. Here we report a unique methodology for efficient metal‐free deuteration, which enables labeling of various types of α‐acidic compounds without trace metal contamination.magnified image
Productivity and profitability of mechanized deep nitrogen fertilization in mechanical pot‐seedling transplanting rice in South China
Authors: Li Lin , Zhang Zheng , Tian Hua , Ashraf Umair , Mo Zhaowen , Tang Xiangru , Duan Meiyang , Wang Zaiman , Wu Tiaoyan , Pan Shenggang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe deep nitrogen (N) fertilization coupled with mechanical pot‐seedling transplanting rice (DNF‐MPT) is an effective alternative to traditional transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) with broadcasting fertilizer; however, little is known about its effects on grain yield, nutrient accumulation, and economic profitability. In present study, a 2‐yr field experiment was conducted in early seasons (Mar.–July) of 2019 and 2020. All seedlings were transplanted by DNF‐MPT, whereas four treatments were designed as mechanized deep placement of all fertilizers as basal fertilizer (MD); mechanized deep placement of 70% basal fertilizer and 30% broadcasting fertilizers at panicle initiation (MDB); manual broadcasting of 40, 30, and 30% fertilizers at the transplanting, tillering, and panicle initiation stages, respectively (MB); and no fertilizer (CK). The results indicated that the MD treatment substantially improved the grain yield by 33.48–36.35%, total N accumulation by 26.38–44.15%, total phosphorus (P) accumulation by 28.72–30.23%, and total potassium (K) accumulation by 25.61–37.33% compared with MB. Deep placement of N fertilization treatments, that is, MD and MDB, remarkably promoted root morphological indexes including total root volume, total root length, and root superficial area. Furthermore, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase activities, and total chlorophyll content of leaves were also enhanced under deep placement of N fertilizer. Overall, the MD treatment had the highest benefit/cost ratio due to high gross returns and low input costs. Therefore, deep placement of N fertilizer coupled with mechanical pot‐seedling transplanting rice could be better alternative to conventional rice production system with more economic benefits.
Tall fescue management and environmental influences on soil, surface residue, and forage properties
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. , Poore Matt. H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnvironmental characteristics within a region often form site‐specific agro‐ecological responses to management. Using 92 fall‐stockpiled tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] field trials in North Carolina and surrounding states, our objective was to test the influence of two management factors (forage utilization and pasture age) and two environmental factors (elevation and soil textural gradients) on soil properties at 0‐to‐10‐cm depth, surface residue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents, and absolute forage mass and nutritive values and their responses to N fertilization. Soil organic C and N fractions (i.e., total, particulate, and mineralizable) were greater (a) with improved (rotational stocking) than conventional (haying and/or continuous grazing) forage utilization, (b) in older pastures, (c) at higher elevation, and (d) with finer texture. Soil chemical properties were variably affected by these factors, and soil‐test P was not affected. Surface residue N tended to be greater with improved than conventional forage utilization, but surface residue C was not affected by any of the factors. Crude protein was greater and dry matter yield response to N fertilizer was lower with improved than with conventional forage utilization. Forage mass was lower and nutritive values were greater at higher elevation. Soil organic C and total soil N sequestration rates during a 25‐yr period were 0.75 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 and 75 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Elevation and soil texture imparted strong environmental controls on a diversity of soil properties, but management factors mostly affected surface‐soil organic C and N fractions, which helped sustain forage productivity and nutritive value with lower N fertilizer input.
Soil carbon dynamics in Brazilian Atlantic forest converted into pasture‐based dairy production systems
Authors: Oliveira Patricia Perondi Anchão , Rodrigues Paulo Henrique Mazza , Praes Maria Fernanda Ferreira Menegucci , Pedroso André Faria , Oliveira Bia Anchão , Sperança Marco Aurélio , Bosi Cristiam , Fernandes Fernando Antônio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe conversion of Brazilian tropical forests into pastureland was a complex process, potentially harmful to the environment, heightened by degraded grazing systems that did not ensure sustainability and affected the ecosystem resilience. This study was conducted to determine the long‐term changes in soil C stocks in native forest (FOR) converted to pasture‐based dairy systems (continuous grazing system with low stocking rate–CLS; rotational grazing system with high stocking rate–RHS). Soil samples were analyzed for texture, C, organic matter (OM), bulk density (BD), C stock, and carbon accumulation rates (CAR) in 0‐to‐5‐, 5‐to‐10‐, 10‐to‐20‐, 20‐to‐30‐, 30‐to‐40‐, 40‐to‐60‐, 60‐to‐80‐, and 80‐to‐100‐cm depths in six trenches. Bulk density was higher in RHS compared with CLS and FOR in most of the soil layers. In the 0‐to‐5‐cm layer, C and OM were greater in CLS. Carbon contents were similar in RHS and FOR, whereas OM was higher in FOR. Intensification increased BD, reduced OM, and did not affect C content in the 0‐to‐5 cm layer. For all treatments, C stock and CAR were higher in the 0‐to‐100 cm (136.73 Mg ha−1 and 0.4252 Mg ha−1 yr−1) than the 0‐to‐30 cm (61.79 Mg ha−1 and 0.0447 Mg ha−1 yr−1) layer. The soil C stock remained equal for both pastureland and presented a positive CAR in relation to the forest, working as C sinks. The RHS presented the greatest forage yield, carrying capacity and milk yield. This management resulted in a land‐saving effect of 2.7 ha for each hectare of high intensified pasture.
Global sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis for drought stress parameters in the ORYZA (v3) model
Authors: Tan Junwei , Zhao Shujun , Liu Bo , Luo Yufeng , Cui Yuanlai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDrought stress parameters in crop models have received little attention in the literature. In this study, a global sensitivity analysis on yield simulation was conducted for the drought stress parameters in the ORYZA (v3) model, and sensitive parameters were identified for double‐season rice (Oryza sativa L.) (early rice and late rice) by using the Extended FAST method in different scenarios involving two N applications, two soil types, and four depths of plough soil layer. An adaptive metropolis algorithm (MCMC‐AM) was used to quantify the uncertainties of these parameters with yield observations under various drought stress conditions. Based on the estimated parameter values, model performance of yield simulation was evaluated for drought stress conditions. Results showed that in a light drought stress situation, the upper limit factor for transpiration decline (FSWTD) was extremely sensitive at low N application, whereas the upper threshold for leaf expansion became more sensitive at high N application. In a moderate drought stress situation, the upper threshold for leaf rolling had high sensitivity under all conditions except for the late rice at low N application. In a heavy drought stress situation, FSWTD always had strong influence on yield, whereas the impacts of other parameters varied under different scenarios. Soil types and plough soil depth had considerable effects on the parameter sensitivities depending on fertilizer application and drought stress level. The empirical posterior distributions of these drought stress parameters for late rice showed very different shapes and variation ranges from that for early rice, and large uncertainties were presented. The yield simulations with a finely calibrated model were overestimated under heavy drought stress, especially for the late rice, which was grown in the dry season. The results highlighted that more attention should be paid for the drought stress parameters in crop models.
Migrant workers, essential work, and COVID‐19
Authors: Reid Alison , Ronda‐Perez Elena , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlobally, migrant and immigrant workers have borne the brunt of the COVID‐19 pandemic as essential workers. They might be a Bulgarian worker at a meat processing plant in Germany, a Central American farmworker in the fields of California, or a Filipino worker at an aged‐care facility in Australia. What they have in common is they are all essential workers who have worked throughout the coronavirus pandemic and have been infected with coronavirus at work. COVID‐19 has highlighted the inequitable working conditions of these workers. In many instances, they are employed precariously, and so are ineligible for sick leave or social security, or COVID‐19 special payments. If these are essential workers, they should get at least the same health and safety benefits of all nonessential workers. Improving the working and living conditions of migrant workers can and should be a positive outcome of the coronavirus pandemic.
Further delineation of a recognizable type of syndromic short stature caused by biallelic SEMA3A loss‐of‐function variants
Authors: Gileta Alexander F. , Helgeson Maria L. , Leonard Jacqueline M. M. , Pyle Louise C. , Subramanian Hari P. , Arndt Kelly , Hawkes Colin P. , del Gaudio Daniela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe semaphorin protein family is a diverse set of extracellular signaling proteins that perform fundamental roles in the development and operation of numerous biological systems, notably the nervous, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Recently, recessive loss‐of‐function (LoF) variants in SEMA3A (semaphorin 3A) have been shown to result in a recognizable syndrome characterized by short stature, skeletal abnormalities, congenital heart defects, and variable additional anomalies. Here, we describe the clinical and molecular characterization of a female patient presenting with skeletal dysplasia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), and anosmia who harbors a nonsense variant c.1633C>T (p.Arg555*) and a deletion of exons 15, 16, and 17 in SEMA3A in the compound heterozygous state. These variants were identified through next‐generation sequencing analysis of a panel of 26 genes known to be associated with HH/Kallmann syndrome. Our findings further substantiate the notion that biallelic LoF SEMA3A variants cause a syndromic form of short stature and expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with this condition to include features of Kallmann syndrome.
Evolving clinical manifestations of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome: From infancy to adulthood in a 31‐year‐old woman
Authors: Yu Pui Tak , Luk Ho‐ming , Mok Myth T , Lo FM Ivan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid feature, and lipodystrophy syndrome (MDPL, MIM# 615381) is an extremely rare and recently recognized early adult onset of progeroid syndrome, with features of generalized lipodystrophy, dysmorphic features, telangiectasia, early onset hearing loss, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Here, we present a 31‐year‐old Chinese woman with MDPL, harboring the recurrent pathogenic variant p.(Ser605del) in POLD1, illustrating the evolving manifestations of this premature aging disorder from infancy to adulthood.