bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved investigation of the optical phase change as a potential diagnostics tool for extreme-ultraviolet free-electron-laser pump and optical probe experiments
Authors: Tkachenko Victor , Toleikis Sven , Lipp Vladimir , Ziaja Beata , Teubner Ulrich 
Published: December 2019

Measurement of transient optical properties (reflectivity and transmissivity) is performed widely in extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pump–optical probe experiments to study the transient state of irradiated materials. In order to extend the material diagnostics, here we propose an additional measurement of the transient phase change of the optical probe pulse. It can be recorded in parallel to other transient optical properties, enabling access to full information on the complex refractive index and thickness of the radiation-modified material layer. The latter is essential for investigations of phase transitions progressing in XUV (and x-ray) irradiated materials. We perform a computational study that clearly shows that the measurement of the optical phase from a probe pulse at correctly tuned pulse parameters can provide a signal strong enough to extract information on transient material properties. The calculations suggest that in some cases, it is even more preferable to measure the transient phase change than other optical parameters. Such phase measurement, feasible with modern experimental setups, can then be a basis for an improved diagnostics tool for the temporal characteristics of an ultrashort XUV pulse.
Mid-infrared waveguiding in three-dimensional microstructured optical waveguides fabricated by femtosecond-laser writing and phosphoric acid etching
Authors: Lv Jinman , Hong Binbin , Tan Yang , Chen Feng , Rodríguez Vázquez de Aldana Javier , Wang Guo Ping 
Published: December 2019

We fabricated a three-dimensional microstructured optical waveguide (MOW) in a single-crystal using femtosecond-laser writing and phosphoric acid etching techniques, and observed excellent midinfrared waveguiding performance with low loss of

∼
0.5

dB
/
cm

. Tracks with a periodic arrangement were written inside the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal via femtosecond laser inscription, and then etched by the phosphoric acid (

H
3

PO
4

) to form hollow structures. The evolution of the microstructure of tracks was investigated in detail. The function of the MOW was analyzed by different numerical methods, indicating the proposed MOW can effectively operate in quasi-single-mode pattern in the midinfrared wavelength range, which agrees well with our experiment results.
Peningkatan Kebahagiaan Lansia dengan Pelatihan Relaksasi Dzikir di Rumah Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Terlantar Budhi Dharma
Authors: Dwi Karisna Nadia , Pihasniwati Pihasniwati 
Published: December 2019

Elderly happiness can be influenced by the religious factor. Participation in religious activities is also an important factor to improve elderly happiness. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of Dzikir Relaxation Training to increase happiness at derelict elderly social services home Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The hypothesis of this research is Dzikir Relaxation Training can increase elder happiness at derelict elderly social services home Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The participants of this research were 10 elders who are 61-86 years old and have low until a medium score of happiness. This research uses one group pre-test post-test design. Data were collected using the Likert scale made by the researchers. The intervention consists of three sessions with 60 minutes for every session. Data were analyzed by Friedman’s technique through SPSS (version). Data analysis shows score Chi-square 15.80 (p<0.0001), it is indicated the dzikir relaxation training to improve elderly happiness. Kebahagiaan lansia salah satunya dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor agama. Partisipasi dalam kegiatan keagamaan juga menjadi faktor penting untuk meningkatkan kebahagiaan lanjut usia (lansia). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi dzikir dalam meningkatkan kebahagiaan lansia di Rumah Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Terlantar (RPSLUT) Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah pelatihan relaksasi dzikir mampu meningkatkan kebahagiaan lansia di Rumah Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Terlantar Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 orang lanjut usia yang berusia antara 61-86 tahun dan memiliki skor kebahagiaan dalam tingkat sedang hingga rendah. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one group pre-test post-test. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala likert yang disusun oleh peneliti. Intervensi dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga sesi dengan waktu 60 menit setiap sesinya. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan teknik Friedman’s test untuk menguji perbedaan skor antara pre-test, post-tes dan follow up. Hasil analisis menunjukkan skor Chi-square sebesar 15.80 (p<.0001) mengindikasikan bahwa pelatihan relaksasi dzikir terbukti dapat meningkatkan kebahagiaan lansia.
Wczesnochrześcijańskie rozważania o imieniu Jezus
Authors: Paczkowski Mieczysław Celestyn 
Published: December 2019

This study opens with a brief reflection on the typological value of the person and name of Josh- ua in the ancient Church. Christians saw the figure of Joshua as a foreshadowing of the saving work of Jesus Christ. According to patristic vision the order of grace in Jesus Saviour replaces the ancient order of the Law. On the basis of homonymy Joshua is associated with Christ. The intent of the study was also to present the historical beginning of the practice to invocate the Lord’s Name. To express the faith in Christ symbolically, the first Christians recurred to the use of numerology and to the nomina sacra. This article argues that the ancient Christian literature contains sustained and substantial references to the name of Jesus as ‘Saviour’. It is possible to find the theological finality in the interpretation of Lord’s name. At every point of the discussion in the Patristic tradition it is found a considerable richness and significance of the name of Jesus (biblical, doctrinal and spiritual).
Vitamin C measurement in critical illness: challenges, methodologies and quality improvements
Authors: Collie Jake T.B. , Greaves Ronda F. , Jones Oliver A.H. , Eastwood Glenn , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is renewed interest in high-dose vitamin C interventions in clinical medicine due to its antioxidant properties, safe use and cost-effectiveness. Yet, randomised control trials (RCTs) employing these interventions are failing to include robust analytical methodology and proper sample handling and processing techniques. Consequently, comparisons between studies becomes impossible as there is no metrological traceability and results may be prone to pre-analytical errors.ContentThrough published vitamin C stability studies, method comparison papers and data from vitamin C external quality assurance programs, an assessment was made on the functionality of current methods for critically ill patient samples.SummaryData was obtained from two external quality assurance programs, two papers assessing sample stability and interlaboratory agreement and a publication on vitamin C method comparisons. A shift from spectrophotometric and enzymatic methodologies to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) greatly improved the variability and interlaboratory agreement. Therefore, the current analytical performance of vitamin C HPLC methodologies are acceptable for the requirements of a high-dose vitamin C RCTs.OutlookRecommendations across the total testing process of vitamin C have been provided to improve the quality of the results. The harmonisation of sample handling and processing procedures will further improve the reliability of current analytical methodologies.
Concentration Enrichment of Fermentation Derived Acetic Acid: Transport Modeling of Forward Osmosis-Nanofiltration Integrated System
Authors: Nayak Jayato , Pal Parimal , Roy Zunipa , Chakrabortty Sankha , Dey Pinaki , Pandey Siddhartha , Varma S. Anand Kumar , Subashini K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Forward Osmosis (FO)-Nanofiltration (NF) integration as the final product polishing step enables high concentration of acetic acid output through continuous dehydration of fermentation derived product. A mathematical transport model has been developed based on external and internal concentration polarization modulus of FO and extended Nernst–Plank equation for NF to capture the flux and rejection trends from those membranes. The modular designed production scheme ensured high flux (45 Lm−2 h−1), concentration (962 g L−1) and purity (>98 %) of acetic acid under non-neutralization condition. Excellent performance of the model is reflected in low relative error (<0.05), high Willmott d-index (>0.97) and high correlation coefficient (>0.98).
Effect of structure of technical lignin on the electrochemical performance of lignin-derived porous carbon from K2CO3 activation
Authors: Xi Yuebin , Yang Dongjie , Wang Yuanyuan , Huang JinHao , Yan Mengzhen , Yi Conghua , Qian Yong , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Owing to its high aromaticity and carbon content, technical lignin as the by-product of chemical pulping and bio-refining industry can be converted into lignin-derived porous carbon (LPC) materials after activation, which is a promising strategy for high-value utilization. In particular, LPC with a higher surface area and graphitization will have a broad prospect as the electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the structure of technical lignin varies greatly due to its different industrial processes and botany sources, which remarkably affects the activation process and electrochemical properties of LPC. Herein, we study the effect of oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratio and molecular weight on the structure of LPC by exploring the effect of four kinds of technical lignin on K2CO3 activation. High O/C ratio can promote LPC to maintain a high specific surface area (SSA). High molecular weight and low O/C ratio were beneficial to increase the graphitization degree and keep the porous structure of LPC. The electrochemical performance evaluation showed that high graphitization and stable porous structure were beneficial for lithium-ion storage. Therefore, LPC from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) had long cycle performance (490 mAh · g−1 at a current density of 400 mA · g−1) and excellent rate performance compared to lignin from chemical pulping.
Review of Applications of Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium in Combustion Modeling
Authors: Yu Guangying , Hadi Fatemeh , Wang Ziyu , Metghalchi Hameed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeveloping an effective model for non-equilibrium states is of great importance for a variety of problems related to chemical synthesis and combustion. Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium (RCCE), a model order reduction method that originated from the second law of thermodynamics, assumes that the non-equilibrium states of a system can be described by a sequence of constrained-equilibrium states kinetically controlled by a relatively small number of constraints within acceptable accuracy. The full chemical composition at each constrained-equilibrium state is obtained by maximizing (or minimizing) the appropriate thermodynamic quantities, e. g., entropy (or Gibbs functions), subject to the instantaneous values of RCCE constraints. Regardless of the nature of the kinetic constraints, RCCE always guarantees a correct final equilibrium state. This paper reviews the fundamentals of the RCCE method, its constraints, constraint potential formulations, and major constraint selection techniques, as well as the application of the RCCE method to combustion of different fuels using a variety of combustion models. The RCCE method has been proven to be accurate and to reduce computational time in these simulations.
Integrated biobanks facilitate high-quality collection and analysis of liquid biomaterials
Authors: Winter Theresa , Schäfer Christian , Westphal Steven , Böttcher Christin , Lamp Sophia , Wallaschofski Henri , Roser Markus , Petersmann Astrid , Nauck Matthias 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The collection and storage of biomaterials is essential for medical research. The aim of biobanking is the safe extension of the preanalytical phase. However, not all quality aspects are clearly defined nor accepted by the whole biobanking community. Samples for large or complex trials have to be collected and stored according to well-defined, rapid and reliable processes. In a comparable manner, also the post-storage phase needs well-defined, rapid and reliable processes which have to be implemented in order to guarantee high-quality samples as an inevitable basis for accurate analytical results. The time span between the sample removal from the biobank and analysis seems not to be in the focus of a biobank especially when it is run independently of a laboratory. Sample analysis represents the core responsibility of laboratories. But the quality of samples can be impaired by all process steps in the preanalytical phase, including preparation for analysis after the freezing period. Biobanks may contribute to high-quality standards in the retrieval and handling of samples before storage. They can offer electronic tools for data entry in parallel to sampling allowing a tight control and documentation of the preanalytical phase directly in the laboratory information system. In case of a biobank independent of the laboratory, which performs the measurements, the biobank’s responsibility ends with the transport. A closer link between the two institutions, however, could significantly improve sample quality and laboratory results. Integrated biobanking combines long-term sample storage with optimized laboratory processes, thus facilitating high-quality analytical results.
Existence of periodic solutions with prescribed minimal period of a 2nth-order discrete system
Authors: Liu Xia , Zhou Tao , Shi Haiping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we concern with a 2nth-order discrete system. Using the critical point theory, we establish various sets of sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions with prescribed minimal period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to discuss the periodic solutions with prescribed minimal period for a 2nth-order discrete system.
A family of Cantorvals
Authors: Ferdinands John , Ferdinands Timothy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe set of subsums of the series$\begin{array}{} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \end{array}$xnis known to be one of three types: a finite union of intervals, homeomorphic to the Cantor set, or of the type known as a Cantorval. Bartoszewicz, Filipczak and Szymonik have described a family of series which contained all known examples of subsum sets which are Cantorvals. We construct another family of series which produces new examples of subsum sets which are Cantorvals.
In South Africa, “Rhodes Must Fall” (while Rhodes’ Walls Rise)
Authors: Bond Patrick 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The African borders established in Berlin in 1884–85, at the peak of Cecil John Rhodes’ South African ambitions, were functional to the main five colonial-imperial powers, but certainly not to African societies then, nor to future generations. The residues of Rhodes’ settler-colonial racism and extractive-oriented looting include major cities such as Johannesburg, which are witnessing worse inequality and desperation, even a quarter of a century after apartheid fell in 1994. In South Africa’s financial capital, Johannesburg, a combination of post-apartheid neoliberalism and regional subimperial hegemony amplified xenophobic tendencies to the boiling point in 2019. Not only could University of Cape Town students tear down the hated campus statue of Rhodes, but the vestiges of his ethnic divide-and-conquer power could be swept aside. Rhodes did “fall,” in March 2015, but the South African working class and opportunistic politicians took no notice of the symbolic act, and instead began to raise Rhodes’ border walls ever higher, through ever more violent xenophobic outbreaks. Ending the populist predilection towards xenophobia will require more fundamental changes to the inherited political economy, so that the deep structural reasons for xenophobia are ripped out as convincingly as were the studs holding down Rhodes’ Cape Town statue.
Design and simulation of a photonic crystal resonator as a biosensor for point-of-care applications
Authors: Zhao Yixiong , Vora Kunj Himanshu , vom Bögel Gerd , Seidl Karsten , Weidenmüller Jens 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) devices are essential for rapid testing of samples for early diagnosis of diseases. The accuracy and the sensitivity of the POC device depend mainly on the biosensors. The currently used POC devices require specialized operating personnel, long sample preparation time and high equipment costs. We aim to explain a bio-sensing concept using a photonic crystal (PC) resonator that would mitigate the drawbacks of the present sensing techniques. Photonic crystals consist of spatially arranged dielectric materials presenting a band gap that prevents electromagnetic waves of certain frequency range to propagate through it. PC resonators have shown to have very high sensitivities for bio-sensing applications at THz frequencies. A PC resonator with a high Q-factor is designed and simulated to detect the changes in the surrounding dielectric permittivity. As an application for detecting specific biomolecules, a protocol for surface functionalization has been explained. This will enable the selective binding of biomolecules from the sample. Shift in resonant frequency and attenuation in magnitude at the peak resonant frequency can be observed from the simulation results. These changes in the resonator properties can be indicative of the presence of a particular biomolecule or pathogen and its concentration within the sample.
Wittgenstein and Piccoli
Authors: Morra Lucia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In 1929 Ludwig Wittgenstein met Raffaello Piccoli, the Serena Professor of Italian, with whom he arranged several meetings in the following terms. For a long time their intellectual friendship was suggested only by the occurrences of Piccoli’s name in Wittgenstein’s Cambridge Pocket Diaries, then a paper about Piccoli including hypothesis on his meetings with Wittgenstein was published (Marjanović 2005), and more recently, the diaries of a student of both Piccoli and Wittgenstein in 1929 – 1930 were discovered. The new material, on the background of data now available about Piccoli’s life and works, throws new light onto his relationship with Wittgenstein, and hypothesis on the topics of their conversations are also advanced. Piccoli’s perspective on the difference between ethics, religion and philosophy on the one hand and science on the other was in tune with Wittgenstein’s view and similar was also their aversion towards scientism; furthermore, Piccoli had read many of the authors for which Wittgenstein showed an interest in 1930 – 1931 – Freud, Spengler, Frazer, Augustine, and also James.
Wittgenstein’s Four-Stroke Faces and the Idea of Visual Philosophy
Authors: Krkač Kristijan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the paper the author explores the question ‘Did Wittgenstein (re)invent emoticons?’ in three sub-questions. What did he draw and for which purposes? What are emoticons? Are there similarities and differences between his drawings and emoticons? The answers are following. Wittgenstein has drawn faces from the 1930s to the 1940s which are graphically and by use like emoticons. He presented a philosophical problem of interpretation of faces. Emoticons as made of written and typed punctuation marks or as drawings were invented and used centuries before the 1930s, but common and popular use started in the 1960s. Previous inventions were probably unknown to Wittgenstein, and his faces probably didn’t influence later inventions. His faces and emoticons are graphically similar and made with the similar purposes. Differences are that he only used drawings and never written or typed punctuation marks, and he used them to deal with problems of emotions and perception (similar to his problems of the duck-rabbit head). These answers are connected to available textual and interpretative evidence, interpretations are given in propositions from (a) to (p), and summarized in the conclusion (r). Some consequences of visual thinking on philosophical thinking are also drawn in terms of a future research.
Wittgenstein on Understanding Religious Beliefs
Authors: Fadeeva Yuliya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wittgenstein’s writings on religious and magical beliefs, especially the “Lectures on Religious Belief” and “Remarks on Frazer’s Golden Bough” are taken to imply semantic incommensurability and inaccessibility by the Wittgensteinian Fideism and, in part, the expressivist interpretation. According to these interpretations, religious and non-religious discourses are self-contained, closed, and not intertranslatable. Wittgenstein is taken to deny mutual understanding between believers and non-believers with respect to religious and magical discourse. I argue against such interpretations and support readings by Kusch, Schroeder, and Tripodi that are optimistic of the possibility of mutual understanding. Nevertheless, there is a danger of scepticism for such optimistic readings when they refer to a special attitude that is needed to understand religious belief and speech. I offer a reply to this problem and suggest to see Wittgenstein’s stance on understanding religious discourse in a greater proximity to his general views about language in his later writings. Then, however, any fideist view of the religious (and magical) form of life as self-contained and isolated from the non-religious has to be repudiated.
The Threat of Privacy in Wittgenstein’s Investigations: Kripke vs. Cavell
Authors: Techio Jônadas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Most readers of the Investigations take skepticism as a target of Wittgenstein’s remarks, something to be refuted by means of a clear grasp of our criteria. Stanley Cavell was the first to challenge that consensual view by reminding us that our criteria are constantly open to skeptical repudiation, hence that privacy is a standing human possibility. In an apparently similar vein, Saul Kripke has argued that a skeptical paradox concerning rules and meaning is the central problem of the Investigations – and one that receives a skeptical solution. Following the orthodoxy, however, Kripke does not take privacy as a real threat but instead reads Wittgenstein as offering an argument against its very possibility. This paper offers a critical assessment of Kripke’s and Cavell’s readings, and concludes by delineating an understanding of our linguistic practices that acknowledges the seriousness of skepticism while avoiding the kind of evasion shared by Kripke and the orthodoxy, enabling us to see agreement and meaning as continual tasks whose failure is imbued with high existential costs.