bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of life-like distal humerus and olecranon fractures in fresh frozen human cadaveric specimens
Authors: Wegmann K. , Ott N. , Hackl M. , Leschinger T. , Uschok S. , Harbrecht A. , Knifka J. , Müller L. P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Economic burden and personnel shortages lead to a reduction in the time spent on surgical training of young resident physicians. This underlines the importance of courses for learning and optimizing surgical skills. Particularly for orthopaedic trauma surgery, training on fractured cadaveric specimens has proven highly useful. The present study investigates a method to induce realistic fracture patterns in fresh frozen elbow specimens, leaving the skin and soft tissue envelope intact.

Methods
For fracture simulation, 10 human cadaveric specimens with intact soft tissue envelopes were placed in 90° flexion in a custom-made high-impact test bench and compressed by an impactor. The fractures were subsequently classified using conventional x‑rays.

Results
Of the 10 specimens, 6 could be classified as distal humerus fractures and 4 as olecranon fractures. The fractures of the distal humerus were mainly type C according to Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osteosynthesefragen (AO) criteria, the olecranon fractures were mainly type IIB according to the Mayo classification. Subsequently, all 10 specimens would have been appropriate for use in musculoskeletal trauma courses.

Conclusion
With the given setup it was possible to induce realistic fracture patterns in fresh frozen cadaveric specimens. The advantage of the presented technique lies in the preservation of soft tissue. With their intact soft tissue envelopes, these pre-fractured preparations could be used in courses to precisely train resident physicians directly on human cadaver preparations. Further research should focus on finding reliable predictors to improve the precision of fracture induction in specimens.
Somatics of Early Buddhist Mindfulness and How to Face Anxiety
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe body is a central object of the cultivation of mindfulness, in the way this has been described in relevant Pāli discourses and their parallels. At the background of such cultivation stands the absence of positing a mind-body duality and a lack of concern with a particular physical location of the mind in early Buddhist thought. Moreover, the various exercises that involve directing mindfulness to the body need to be considered in conjunction in order to arrive at a balanced understanding of their overarching purpose. Out of the different possible modalities of cultivating mindfulness in this way, the discourses present awareness directed to one’s own bodily postures as a practice already undertaken by the Buddha-to-be when he was still in quest of awakening. In this particular setting, such mindfulness of postures served as a way of facing fear. The potential of this exercise to provide a grounding in embodied mindfulness, being fully in the here and now, is of particular relevance to the challenges posed by the current pandemic.
Misperceptions and barriers to obesity management: Italian data from the ACTION-IO study
Authors: Sbraccia Paolo , Busetto Luca , Santini Ferruccio , Mancuso Mariarosaria , Nicoziani Paolo , Nicolucci Antonio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Despite the increasing prevalence of obesity in Italy, it remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. We aimed to identify the perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and barriers to effective obesity care among people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Italy.

Methods
The ACTION-IO study was an online cross-sectional survey conducted in 11 countries from June to October 2018. Findings from the Italian cohort are reported here.

Results
The survey was completed by 1501 PwO and 302 HCPs in Italy. Most PwO (84%) and HCPs (77%) acknowledged the large impact of obesity on overall health. However, fewer PwO (62%) than HCPs (91%) perceived obesity as a chronic disease. Most PwO (84%) assumed full responsibility for their weight loss. A median of 3 (mean 6) years elapsed between when PwO started struggling with obesity and when they first discussed their weight with an HCP. Many PwO expressed that they liked (80%) or would like (74%) their HCPs to initiate weight management conversations, and only 3% were offended by such a conversation. For 77% of HCPs, perceiving their patients as unmotivated or disinterested in losing weight prevented them from initiating these conversations. Short appointment times were also considered a limiting factor for 40% of HCPs.

Conclusions
Most PwO took complete responsibility for their own weight loss and waited considerable time before seeking help from an HCP. There is a need for improved education of both PwO and HCPs and for a more positive attitude from HCPs towards initiating weight discussions with PwO.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: Awareness, Care & Treatment in Obesity Management - an International Observation (ACTION-IO). ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03584191

Level of evidence
Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Forecasting the unit cost of a DRAM product using a layered partial-consensus fuzzy collaborative forecasting approach
Authors: Chen Tin-Chih Toly , Wu Hsin-Chieh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA layered partial-consensus fuzzy collaborative forecasting approach is proposed in this study to forecast the unit cost of a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) product. In the layered partial-consensus fuzzy collaborative forecasting approach, the partial-consensus fuzzy intersection (PCFI) operator is applied instead of the prevalent fuzzy intersection (FI) operator to aggregate the fuzzy forecasts by experts. In this way, some meaningful information, such as the suitable number of experts, can be obtained through observing changes in the PCFI result when the number of experts varies. After applying the layered partial-consensus fuzzy collaborative forecasting approach to a real case, the experimental results revealed that the layered partial-consensus fuzzy collaborative forecasting approach outperformed three existing methods. The most significant advantage was up to 13%.
Ultra high strength steel sandwich for lightweight applications
Authors: Hammarberg Samuel , Kajberg Jörgen , Larsson Simon , Jonsén Pär 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMethods for reducing weight of structural elements are important for a sustainable society. Over the recent years ultra high strength steel (UHSS) has been a successful material for designing light and strong components. Sandwich panels are interesting structural components to further explore areas where the benefits of UHSS can be utilized. The specific properties of sandwich panels make them suitable for stiffness applications and various cores have been studied extensively. In the present work, bidirectionally corrugated UHSS cores are studied experimentally and numerically. A UHSS core is manufactured by cold rolling and bonded to the skins by welding. Stiffness is evaluated experimentally in three-point bending. The tests are virtually reproduced using the finite element method. Precise discretization of the core requires large amounts of computational power, prolonging lead times for sandwich component development, which in the present work is addressed by homogenization, using an equivalent material formulation. Input data for the equivalent models is obtained by characterizing representative volume elements of the periodic cores under periodic boundary conditions. The homogenized panel reduces the number of finite elements and thus the computational time while maintaining accuracy. Numerical results are validated and agree well with experimental testing. Important findings from experimental and simulation results show that the suggested panels provide superior specific bending stiffness as compared to solid panels. This work shows that lightweight UHSS sandwiches with excellent stiffness properties can be manufactured and modeled efficiently. The concept of manufacturing a UHSS sandwich panel expands the usability of UHSS to new areas.
The prevention and resolution of DNA replication–transcription conflicts in eukaryotic cells
Authors: Wu Wei , Hickson Ian D. , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDNA fulfills two critical roles in a cell by being the template for both DNA replication and RNA transcription. During evolution, eukaryotic cells have adopted multiple strategies to coordinate these two processes to prevent or minimize conflicts that might arise between them. Here, we review the strategies employed by cells to simultaneously accommodate the machineries carrying out DNA replication and transcription, and the mechanisms that are brought into play for resolving conflicts when they do arise. We focus on a group of the so-called ‘difficult-to-replicate’ loci in the human genome, which include chromosome fragile sites, the ribosomal DNA, and telomeres. A failure to resolve conflicts arising between replication and transcription can lead to genome instability, as well as to the initiation of cancer and other age-associated diseases. Understanding the mechanisms required for the resolution of these conflicts could, therefore, open up new therapeutic avenues.
Late Pleistocene glaciers to present-day snowpatches: a review and research recommendations for the Marrakech High Atlas
Authors: Hughes Philip D , Fletcher William J , Bell Benjamin A , Braithwaite Roger J , Cornelissen Henk L , Fink David , Rhoujjati Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are no glaciers today in the High Atlas, Morocco. However, there is evidence that niche glaciers and late-lying snowpatches in the High Atlas were present as recently as the last century and there are at least four sites where snowpatches appear to survive some summer seasons today. Many other sites also support non-perennial late-lying snow below steep shaded north and northeast-facing cliffs at altitudes > 3100 m. Coarse sediment ridges interpreted as moraines or pronival ramparts enclose most of these snowpatches. These landforms most likely record the positions of former niche glaciers and late-lying snowpatches in the Little Ice Age. The niche glaciers and late-lying snowpatches survived below the regional equilibrium line altitude because of strong local topoclimatic controls. In addition to strong shading, many of the current late-lying snowpatches are fed by long deep gullies which funnel avalanching snow from the cirque backwalls. The disappearance of many perennial snowpatches in the last few decades coincides with a strong trend towards warmer summer air temperatures since the 1970s (> 2 °C). However, inter-annual changes in snowpack mass balance are affected by very large variations (> 400% variability) in winter precipitation. A new research programme is underway investigating the history of late-lying snow and cirque glaciers in the High Atlas. A particular focus of this research is to utilise geomorphological and geochronological evidence to understand fluctuations in snow and ice through the Holocene and link this to continuous records of environmental change in the High Atlas region.
Network insiders and observers: who can identify influential people?
Authors: GOMILA ROBIN , SHEPHERD HANA , PALUCK ELIZABETH LEVY 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIdentifying influential people within a community to involve in a program is an important strategy of behavioral interventions. How to efficiently identify the most effective individuals is an outstanding question. This paper compares two common strategies: consulting ‘network insiders’ versus ‘network observers’ who have knowledge of but who do not directly participate in the community. Compared to aggregating information from all insiders, asking relatively fewer observers is more cost-effective, but may come at a cost of accuracy. We use data from a large-scale field experiment demonstrating that central students, identified through the aggregated nominations of students (insiders), reduced peer conflict in 56 middle schools. Teachers (observers) also identified students they saw as influential. We compare the causal effect of the two types of nominated students on peer outcomes and the differences between the two types of students. In contrast to the prosocial effects of central students on peer conflict, teacher nominees have no, or even antisocial, influence on their peers’ behaviors. Teachers (observers) generally nominated students with traits salient to them, suggesting that observer roles may systematically bias their perception. We discuss strategies for improving observers’ ability to identify influential individuals in a network as leverage for behavioral change.
Scientometric analysis of the Puerto Rico Clinical and Translational Research Consortium (PRCTRC) research publications, 2010–2018
Authors: Torres-Cintrón Mariela , Noboa-Ramos Carlamarie , De Pedro-Serbia Zulmarie , Lugo-Picó Mariela , González-Sepúlveda Lorena , Pérez-Ríos Naydi , Irizarry-Ramírez Margarita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe analyzed the publication productivity supported by the Puerto Rico Consortium for Clinical and Translational Research (PRCTRC) using the structured process of scientometrics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the research and collaborations as presented in publications. Manuscripts published from 2010 to 2018 and that had the PRCTRC award number and a PMCID number were retrieved from the Science Citation Index database. Scientometric indicators included h-index (HI), average citation (AC), collaboration coefficient (CC), collaboration index (CI), and degree of collaboration (DC) analysis, and relative citation ratio (RCR) was done with Web of Science Platform, iCite, and Stata software. Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software was used to calculate the annual percent change (APC). From 2010 to 2018, 341 publications were identified with an average of 38 publications per year and a total of 3569 citations excluding self-citations. A significant growth (APC: 17.76%,P < 0.05) of scientific production was observed. The overall HI was 31, and the AC per item was 11.04. The overall CC was 0.82, the CI was 8.59, and the DC was 99.1%. This study demonstrates a statistically significant increase in the PRCTRC scientific production. Results allow for the assessment of the progress resulting from the provided support and to plan further strategies accordingly.
Preparedness Tested: Severe Cerebral Malaria Presenting as a High-Risk Person Under Investigation for Ebola Virus Disease at a US Hospital
Authors: Anesi George L. , Meyer Nuala J. , Reilly John P. , Schweickert William D. , Mikkelsen Mark E. , Myers Emma V. , Dickinson Edward T. , Kelly Matthew P. , Pegues David A. , Fishman Neil O. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIn 2019, a 42-year-old African man who works as an Ebola virus disease (EVD) researcher traveled from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), near an ongoing EVD epidemic, to Philadelphia and presented to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Emergency Department with altered mental status, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. He was classified as a “wet” person under investigation for EVD, and his arrival activated our hospital emergency management command center and bioresponse teams. He was found to be in septic shock with multisystem organ dysfunction, including circulatory dysfunction, encephalopathy, metabolic lactic acidosis, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, and diffuse intravascular coagulation. Critical care was delivered within high-risk pathogen isolation in the ED and in our Special Treatment Unit until a diagnosis of severe cerebral malaria was confirmed and EVD was definitively excluded.This report discusses our experience activating a longitudinal preparedness program designed for rare, resource-intensive events at hospitals physically remote from any active epidemic but serving a high-volume international air travel port-of-entry.
EDMUND BURKE, POLAND, AND THE COMMONWEALTH OF EUROPE
Authors: PLASSART ANNA 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article re-examines Burke's doctrine of intervention by analysing his decades-long interest in the ‘Polish question’. Contrary to the main thrust of existing scholarship, it argues that the French Revolution did not fundamentally transform Burke's assessment of the European state system. Rather, Burke's most famous and controversial 1790s positions on the topic were rehearsed in the previous decades through his practical engagement in long-running eighteenth-century discussions about the Polish state, which acted as a lightning rod for disagreements surrounding the nature and future of European politics. Burke was interested in the Polish state because it raised fundamental questions about the nature of European civilization, the rules of progress, and the conditions for long-lasting peace. The Polish crisis of 1772 led him to reflect on the relationship between internal and external politics, and crystallized his analysis of the Balance of Power as not only the guarantor of continental peace, but also as the very source of the unique ‘spirit’ of European civil society. It was this same framework of analysis that he applied to France in the 1790s, to argue that the expansionist ambitions inherent to democratic republicanism warranted intervention because they threatened the unique nature of European civilization.
Chaos theory applied to the outbreak of COVID-19: an ancillary approach to decision making in pandemic context
Authors: Mangiarotti S. , Peyre M. , Zhang Y. , Huc M. , Roger F. , Kerr Y. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
While predicting the course of an epidemic is difficult, predicting the course of a pandemic from an emerging virus is even more so. The validity of most predictive models relies on numerous parameters, involving biological and social characteristics often unknown or highly uncertain. Data of the COVID-19 epidemics in China, Japan, South Korea and Italy were used to build up deterministic models without strong assumptions. These models were then applied to other countries to identify the closest scenarios in order to foresee their coming behaviour. The models enabled to predict situations that were confirmed little by little, proving that these tools can be efficient and useful for decision making in a quickly evolving operational context.
The Genetics of Human DZ Twinning
Authors: Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the course of twin studies whose main focus was elucidation of genetic and environmental factors on behavioral traits, many twin researchers became aware of the strong tendency for dizygotic (DZ) twinning to run in families. Over four decades, Nick Martin and others initiated hormone and ultrasound studies, performed segregation and pedigree analyses, tested candidate genes, carried out linkage projects in sister pairs and formed large collaborations to illuminate the genetics of DZ twinning by genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis. This article summarizes the early work on hormone and genetic studies and describes the meta-analyses that have at last met with success in finding the first genes that predispose to DZ twinning, which also appear to influence many other female reproductive traits.
The Deformational Journey of the Nazca Slab From Seismic Anisotropy
Authors: Agrawal Shubham , Eakin Caroline M. , Portner Daniel E. , Rodriguez Emily E. , Beck Susan L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Andean subduction zone is an excellent place to study deformation within a subducting slab as a function of depth, owing to the varying and well‐resolved geometry of the subducting Nazca slab beneath South America. Here we combine the results of source‐side shear wave splitting with the latest regional tomography model to isolate intraslab raypaths and determine the spatial distribution of anisotropy within the Nazca slab. We observe that in the upper mantle, the intraslab anisotropy appears strongest where the slab is most contorted, suggesting a strong link between anisotropy and subduction‐related slab deformation. We identify a second source of anisotropy (δt∼ 1 s) within the subducting slab at lower mantle depths (660–800 km). The surrounding mantle and transition zone appear largely isotropic, with deep anisotropy concentrated within the slab as it deforms while entering the higher‐viscosity lower mantle.
Negative Poisson’s ratio in two-dimensional honeycomb structures
Authors: Qin Guangzhao , Qin Zhenzhen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNegative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) in auxetic materials is of great interest due to the typically enhanced mechanical properties, which enables plenty of novel applications. In this paper, by employing first-principles calculations, we report the emergence of NPR in a class of two-dimensional honeycomb structures (graphene, silicene, h-BN, h-GaN, h-SiC, and h-BAs), which are distinct from all other known auxetic materials. They share the same mechanism for the emerged NPR despite the different chemical composition, which lies in the increased bond angle (θ). However, the increase of θ is quite intriguing and anomalous, which cannot be explained in the traditional point of view of the geometry structure and mechanical response, for example, in the framework of classical molecular dynamics simulations based on empirical potential. We attribute the counterintuitive increase of θ and the emerged NPR fundamentally to the strain-modulated electronic orbital coupling and hybridization. It is proposed that the NPR phenomenon can also emerge in other nanostructures or nanomaterials with similar honeycomb structure. The physical origin as revealed in our study deepens the understanding on the NPR and would shed light on future design of modern nanoscale electromechanical devices with special functions based on auxetic nanomaterials and nanostructures.
Emergence of superconductivity in doped multiorbital Hubbard chains
Authors: Patel Niravkumar D. , Kaushal Nitin , Nocera Alberto , Alvarez Gonzalo , Dagotto Elbio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe introduce a variational state for one-dimensional two-orbital Hubbard models that intuitively explains the recent computational discovery of pairing in these systems when hole doped. Our ansatz is an optimized linear superposition of Affleck–Kennedy–Lieb–Tasaki valence-bond states, rendering the combination a valence-bond liquid dubbed orbital resonant valence bond. We show that the undoped (one-electron/orbital) quantum state of two sites coupled into a global spin singlet is exactly written employing only spin-1/2 singlets linking orbitals at nearest-neighbor sites. Generalizing to longer chains defines our variational state visualized geometrically expressing our chain as a two-leg ladder, with one orbital per leg. As in Anderson’s resonating valence-bond state, our undoped variational state contains preformed singlet pairs that via doping become mobile, leading to superconductivity. Doped real materials with one-dimensional substructures, two near-degenerate orbitals, and intermediate Hubbard U/W strengths—W the carrier’s bandwidth—could realize spin-singlet pairing if on-site anisotropies are small. If these anisotropies are robust, spin-triplet pairing emerges.