bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of avitinib on the pharmacokinetics of osimertinib in vitro and in vivo in rats
Authors: Wu Qingjun , Jiang Hui , Wang Shuanghu , Dai Dapeng , Chen Feifei , Meng Deru , Geng Peiwu , Tong Hongfeng , Zhou Yunfang , Pan Debiao , Zhou Quan , Wang Chunjie 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAvitinib is one type of the third‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of avitinib on the pharmacokinetics of osimertinib, one FDA approved third‐generation TIKI, both in vitro and in vivo.MethodsThe in vitro metabolic stability and inhibitory effect of avitinib on osimertinib were assessed with rat liver microsomes (RLM) to determine its IC50 values. For the in vivo study, 18 Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the avitinib multiple dose group (30 mg/kg avitinib once daily for seven days), the avitinib single dose group (PEG200 once daily for six days and a dose of 30 mg/kg avitinib in PEG200 on day 7) and the control group (equal amounts of PEG200 once daily for seven days). Next, all rats were given osimertinib at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. UPLC/MS‐MS was used for the determination of the concentration of osimertinib in plasma.ResultsIn vitro analysis revealed that the IC50 value of osimertinib in rat liver microsomes was 27.6 μM. When rats were pretreated with avitinib, the values of AUC and MRT of the osimertinib were increased, and its Cmax and Tmax were significantly extended, whereas the values of CLz/F were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBoth in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that a drug‐drug interaction between avitinib and osimertinib occurred and more attention should be paid when avitinib and osimertinib are synchronously administered in clinic.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyOsimertinib is the only market available third‐generation EGFR‐TKI and it has been reported that some drugs could have drug‐drug interactions with it.What this study addsFor the first time, we systematically investigated the effect of avitinib, one newly developed third‐generation EGFR‐TKI, on the pharmacokinetics of osimertinib both in vitro and in vivo using a rat model.
Mirid feeding preference as influenced by light and temperature‐mediated changes in plant nutrient concentration in cocoa
Authors: Awudzi Godfred K. , Hadley Paul , Hatcher Paul E. , Daymond Andrew J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCocoa mirids are the most important insect pests of cocoa in West Africa. This study investigated the effect of environmental parameters that are modulated by overhead shade, that is, light intensity and temperature, on nutrient and phenolic concentrations in cocoa and their subsequent effect on mirid feeding. Eight‐month‐old cocoa seedlings were maintained for 50 days in two growth chambers set to day temperatures of 25 or 30°C. Each chamber had sections with different light intensities (541, 365 and 181 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiation [PAR]). For the field studies at Akim Tafo in Ghana, 8‐month‐old plants of three cocoa clones were subjected to shaded (PAR = 180 μmol m−2 s−1, between 11:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m.) and unshaded (PAR = 1,767 μmol m−2 s−1, between 11:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m.) treatments for 50 days after which nutrient measurements and mirid choice tests were carried out. No significant effect of environment was observed on the phenolic concentration of stems under controlled environment chamber conditions. However, in the field, the phenolic concentration of stems was significantly greater for unshaded compared with shaded plants (p = .04). Under controlled conditions, the leaf nitrogen concentration increased slightly with light intensity (p = .003). The same trend was seen in stems but only at 30°C. In the field, the impact of overhead shade on nitrogen varied between cocoa clones. The concentration of carbohydrates in both leaves and stems in the field was higher under unshaded conditions. When subjected to feeding tests, stems from unshaded cocoa had significantly more mirid feeding lesions (p = .003) after 24 hr exposure to mirids compared to shaded cocoa. Mirid feeding therefore appears not to be deterred by the higher phenolic levels but rather there was a preference for cocoa tissue grown under unshaded conditions. These findings highlight the need to consider the growing environment of cocoa clones when screening for varieties with resistance to mirids.
Immune checkpoint protein VSIG4 as a biomarker of aging in murine adipose tissue
Authors: Hall Brandon M. , Gleiberman Anatoli S. , Strom Evguenia , Krasnov Peter A. , Frescas David , Vujcic Slavoljub , Leontieva Olga V. , Antoch Marina P. , Kogan Valeria , Koman Igor E. , Zhu Yi , Tchkonia Tamara , Kirkland James L. , Chernova Olga B. , Gudkov Andrei V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdipose tissue is recognized as a major source of systemic inflammation with age, driving age‐related tissue dysfunction and pathogenesis. Macrophages (Mφ) are central to these changes yet adipose tissue Mφ (ATMs) from aged mice remain poorly characterized. To identify biomarkers underlying changes in aged adipose tissue, we performed an unbiased RNA‐seq analysis of ATMs from young (8‐week‐old) and healthy aged (80‐week‐old) mice. One of the genes identified, V‐set immunoglobulin‐domain‐containing 4 (VSIG4/CRIg), encodes a Mφ‐associated complement receptor and B7 family‐related immune checkpoint protein. Here, we demonstrate that Vsig4 expression is highly upregulated with age in perigonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) in two mouse strains (inbred C57BL/6J and outbred NIH Swiss) independent of gender. The accumulation of VSIG4 was mainly attributed to a fourfold increase in the proportion of VSIG4+ ATMs (13%–52%). In a longitudinal study, VSIG4 expression in gWAT showed a strong correlation with age within a cohort of male and female mice and correlated strongly with physiological frailty index (PFI, a multi‐parameter assessment of health) in male mice. Our results indicate that VSIG4 is a novel biomarker of aged murine ATMs. VSIG4 expression was also found to be elevated in other aging tissues (e.g., thymus) and was strongly induced in tumor‐adjacent stroma in cases of spontaneous and xenograft lung cancer models. VSIG4 expression was recently associated with cancer and several inflammatory diseases with diagnostic and prognostic potential in both mice and humans. Further investigation is required to determine whether VSIG4‐positive Mφ contribute to immunosenescence and/or systemic age‐related deficits.
Validating Self‐Reported Unhealthy Alcohol Use With Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) Among Patients With HIV
Authors: Eyawo Oghenowede , Deng Yanhong , Dziura James , Justice Amy C. , McGinnis Kathleen , Tate Janet P. , Rodriguez‐Barradas Maria C. , Hansen Nathan B. , Maisto Stephen A. , Marconi Vincent C. , O’Connor Patrick G. , Bryant Kendall , Fiellin David A. , Edelman E. Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundWe sought to compare self‐reported alcohol consumption using Timeline Followback (TLFB) to biomarker‐based evidence of significant alcohol use (phosphatidylethanol [PEth] > 20 ng/ml). Using data from patients with HIV (PWH) entering a clinical trial, we asked whether TLFB could predict PEth > 20 ng/ml and assessed the magnitude of association between TLFB and PEth level.MethodsWe defined unhealthy alcohol use as any alcohol use in the presence of liver disease, at‐risk drinking, or alcohol use disorder. Self‐reported alcohol use obtained from TLFB interview was assessed as mean number of drinks/day and number of heavy drinking days over the past 21 days. Dried blood spot samples for PEth were collected at the interview. We used logistic regression to predict PEth > 20 ng/ml and Spearman correlation to quantify the association with PEth, both as a function of TLFB.ResultsAmong 282 individuals (99% men) in the analytic sample, approximately two‐thirds (69%) of individuals had PEth > 20 ng/ml. The proportion with PEth > 20 ng/ml increased with increasing levels of self‐reported alcohol use; of the 190 patients with either at‐risk drinking or alcohol use disorder based on self‐report, 82% had PEth > 20 ng/ml. Discrimination was better with number of drinks per day than heavy drinking days (AUC: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.74 to 0.85] vs. 0.74 [95% CI: 0.68 to 0.80]). The number of drinks per day and PEth were significantly and positively correlated across all levels of alcohol use (Spearman’s R ranged from 0.29 to 0.56, all p values < 0.01).ConclusionsIn this sample of PWH entering a clinical trial, mean numbers of drinks per day discriminated individuals with evidence of significant alcohol use by PEth. PEth complements self‐report to improve identification of self‐reported unhealthy alcohol use among PWH.
Political embeddedness and firms’ choices of earnings management strategies in China
Authors: Wang Zhi , Braam Geert , Reimsbach Daniel , Wang Jiaxin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examine whether and how political embeddedness influences financial reporting quality in China by investigating how government ownership and political connections affect Chinese listed firms’ choices of earnings management strategies. The results show that state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), and in particular, central SOEs, are more likely to substitute accrual‐based earnings management strategies with costlier but less detectable real earnings management strategies than non‐SOEs. The results also indicate that politically connected enterprises (PCEs) are more likely to employ less detectable real earnings management strategies than non‐PCEs, so much so that PCEs’ total earnings management level is higher than that of non‐PCEs.
Osteology and radiology of the vertebral column in the white‐eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris)
Authors: Inamassu Letícia Rocha , Schimming Bruno Cesar , Dadalto Carmel Rezende , Mamprim Maria Jaqueline 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe white‐eared opossum present a higher roadkill number in Brazil, and the vertebral column is often affected when some type of trauma occurs. Thus, this study describes the osteology and radiology of the vertebral column in white‐eared opossum to serve as a basis for support in the veterinary clinical care, since the casuistry of care of this marsupial has increased every year. Radiographs of the cervical (C), thoracic (T), lumbar (L), sacral (S) and caudal (Cd) segments of the vertebral column were taken in thirty‐five white‐eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris). Furthermore, ten opossums without evident vertebral acquired or congenital abnormalities at the radiographic study were selected for anatomical study. Osteology was correlated with the radiographic images. The use of radiographs allowed the identification of congenital and acquired vertebral changes, as well as the identification of anatomical structures, their distribution and morphology and the number of vertebrae. The vertebral formula varied in the white‐eared opossum. In 27 of 35 white‐eared opossums (77.2%) with normal vertebral morphology, three vertebral formulas were observed: C7/T13/L6/S2 (62.9%), C7/T13/L5/S2 (5.7%) and C7/T13/L7/S2 (8.6%). Most of the specimens presented 27 caudal vertebrae. The anticlinal vertebra was identified as T10 in 77.2% and T11 in 22.8% of opossums. Cervical block vertebra was observed in two animals and sacrocaudal block vertebra in one animal. The haemal arches could be seen from Cd3–Cd4 in 80% and Cd2–Cd3 in 20% of opossums. The white‐eared opossum showed a slender vertebral column with a relatively short thoracic region, a relatively long lumbar region and a highly flexible lumbosacral transition, suggesting that this animal is a fast‐running and agile opossum. Therefore, these findings may serve as a basis for further research and support the veterinary clinical care, since the casuistry of care for this marsupial has increased every year.
Decision‐making in home care package spending
Authors: Rowland Diane , Joyce Catherine M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the motivations and drivers of spending decisions made by home care package recipients, in the context of high levels of unspent funds.MethodsQualitative study using 30 semi‐structured interviews with 38 home care package clients and/or client representatives in rural and urban Victoria conducted between December 2018 and March 2019. Interview transcripts were analysed to determine themes.ResultsSpending decisions were influenced by assessment and entry experiences, knowledge and understanding of package funds, availability and acceptability of services, and attitudes to spending.ConclusionClients need confidence in their individual funds and their use in order to maximise the potential benefits. Clear, consistent communication at all stages, and additional supports to build consumer capability, will enable clients to better understand packages and their application. This in turn will optimise the capacity of home care package recipients to maximise their health and well‐being.
Exploring novel systemic biomarker approaches in grass‐pollen sublingual immunotherapy using omics
Authors: Barker‐Tejeda Tomas Clive , Bazire Raphaelle , Obeso David , Mera‐Berriatua Leticia , Rosace Domenico , Vazquez‐Cortes Sonia , Ramos Tania , Rico Maria del Pilar , Chivato Tomás , Barbas Coral , Villaseñor Alma , Escribese Maria M. , Fernández‐Rivas Montserrat , Blanco Carlos , Barber Domingo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSublingual allergen‐specific immunotherapy (SLIT) intervention improves the control of grass pollen allergy by maintaining allergen tolerance after cessation. Despite its widespread use, little is known about systemic effects and kinetics associated to SLIT, as well as the influence of the patient sensitization phenotype (Mono‐ or Poly‐sensitized). In this quest, omics sciences could help to gain new insights to understand SLIT effects.Methods47 grass‐pollen‐allergic patients were enrolled in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial using GRAZAX® during 2 years. Immunological assays (sIgE, sIgG4, and ISAC) were carried out to 31 patients who finished the trial. Additionally, serum and PBMCs samples were analyzed by metabolomics and transcriptomics, respectively. Based on their sensitization level, 22 patients were allocated in Mono‐ or Poly‐sensitized groups, excluding patients allergic to epithelia. Individuals were compared based on their treatment (Active/Placebo) and sensitization level (Mono/Poly).ResultsKinetics of serological changes agreed with those previously described. At two years of SLIT, there are scarce systemic changes that could be associated to improvement in systemic inflammation. Poly‐sensitized patients presented a higher inflammation at inclusion, while Mono‐sensitized patients presented a reduced activity of mast cells and phagocytes as an effect of the treatment.ConclusionsThe most relevant systemic change detected after two years of SLIT was the desensitization of effector cells, which was only detected in Mono‐sensitized patients. This change may be related to the clinical improvement, as previously reported, and, together with the other results, may explain why clinical effect is lost if SLIT is discontinued at this point.
Infant feeding clusters are associated with respiratory health and allergy at school age in the PARIS birth cohort
Authors: Amazouz Hélène , de Lauzon‐Guillain Blandine , Bourgoin‐Heck Mélisande , Just Jocelyne , Beydon Nicole , Lezmi Guillaume , Rancière Fanny , Momas Isabelle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs infant feeding may influence allergy development, we aimed to identify groups of infants based on feeding practices and to examine their associations with respiratory health/allergy at 8 years in the PARIS birth cohort.MethodsData on breastfeeding, consumption of infant formula (regular, pre‐/probiotics, partially hydrolysed with hypoallergenic label [pHF‐HA], extensively hydrolysed [eHF], soya) and solid food introduction were collected using repeated questionnaires at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Infants with similar feeding practices over the first year of life were grouped using multidimensional longitudinal cluster analysis. Respiratory/allergic morbidity was studied at 8 years as symptoms, doctor's diagnoses (asthma, hay fever, eczema, food allergy), and measurement of lung function, FeNO and specific IgE. Associations between feeding‐related clusters and respiratory/allergic morbidity were investigated using multivariable logistic and linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders including early respiratory/allergic outcomes and parental history of allergy.ResultsFive clusters were identified among 3446 infants: Cluster 1 (45%) mainly fed with regular formula, Cluster 2 (27%) exclusively breastfed during the first 3 months, and three other clusters consuming different types of formula (pre‐/probiotics for Cluster 3 [17%], pHF‐HA for Cluster 4 [7%], eHF/soya for Cluster 5 [4%]). Compared to Cluster 1, children from Cluster 2 tended to have a lower risk of asthma and children from Cluster 4 had a significant lower lung function (FEV1, FVC), higher FeNO and higher risk of sensitization at 8 years.ConclusionEarly pHF‐HA use was negatively associated with objective measures of respiratory/allergic morbidity at school age, while children breastfed for at least 3 months seem protected against asthma at 8 years old.
Impact of short‐acting vs. standard anaesthetic agents on obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised, controlled, triple‐blind trial
Authors: Albrecht E. , Bayon V. , Hirotsu C. , Heinzer R. 
Published: August 2020

SummarySleep apnoea is associated with negative outcomes following general anaesthesia. Current recommendations suggest using short‐acting anaesthetic agents in preference to standard agents to reduce this risk, but there is currently no evidence to support this. This randomised controlled triple‐blind trial tested the hypothesis that a combination of short‐acting agents (desflurane‐remifentanil) would reduce the postoperative impact of general anaesthesia on sleep apnoea severity compared with standard agents (sevoflurane‐fentanyl). Sixty patients undergoing hip arthroplasty under general anaesthesia were randomised to anaesthesia with desflurane‐remifentanil or sevoflurane‐fentanyl. Respiratory polygraphy was performed before surgery and on the first and third postoperative nights. The primary outcome was the supine apnoea‐hypopnoea index on the first postoperative night. Secondary outcomes were the supine apnoea‐hypopnoea index on the third postoperative night, and the oxygen desaturation index on the first and third postoperative nights. Additional outcomes included intravenous morphine equivalent consumption and pain scores on postoperative days 1, 2 and 3. Pre‐operative sleep study data were similar between groups. Mean (95%CI) values for the supine apnoea‐hypopnoea index on the first postoperative night were 18.9 (12.7–25.0) and 21.4 (14.2–28.7) events.h−1, respectively, in the short‐acting and standard anaesthesia groups (p = 0.64). Corresponding values on the third postoperative night were 28.1 (15.8–40.3) and 38.0 (18.3–57.6) events.h−1 (p = 0.34). Secondary sleep‐ and pain‐related outcomes were generally similar in the two groups. In conclusion, short‐acting anaesthetic agents did not reduce the impact of general anaesthesia on sleep apnoea severity compared with standard agents. These data should prompt an update of current recommendations.
The Second Coming of Rail: The Spanish High‐Speed Rail‐Finance Complex
Authors: Buier Natalia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article offers a critical account of Spanish high‐speed rail (HSR) through the lens of the spatial fix. I designate the integration of Spanish HSR into a European‐wide process of circulation of finance capital as the HSR‐finance complex. The analysis of the inner workings of the HSR‐finance complex reveals the way in which European finance has laid the conditions of possibility for the development of the project and offers a forewarning about the dangers of leveraging finance capital toward green infrastructure. The analysis of the Spanish HSR‐finance complex shows that the particular form of capital circulation that has made it possible has not brought about new productive combinations but has instead deepened traditional relations of economic dependency and magnified their socioenvironmental consequences.
Severe aplastic anaemia in children: Impact of histopathology profile and treatment on very long‐term outcomes
Authors: Kelaidi Charikleia , Makis Alexandros , Tzotzola Vasiliki , Antoniadi Kondylia , Petrikkos Loizos , Tsitsikas Konstantinos , Peristeri Ioulia , Kitra Vasiliki , Stefanaki Kalliopi , Polychronopoulou Sophia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo assess very long‐term outcomes of children with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) and impact of histopathology and of different treatments over time.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 57 consecutive patients with SAA during 1973‐2019. According to period, treatment consisted of androgens, immunosuppressive treatment (IST) and haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in 14, 31 and 13 patients, respectively. Histopathology immune profiles were studied on bone marrow (BM).ResultsResponse rate (RR) to androgens was 35%, with long‐term survivorship in 4 of 5 responders. RR and 10‐year overall survival (OS) after IST was 65% and 80%, respectively. RR was higher in girls (92% vs 43% in boys,P = .02). Mean baseline BM values of CD34 + and of B‐lymphocytes in responders vs non‐responders were 1.3% vs 0 (P = .08) and 14.1% vs 9.7% (P = .07), respectively. After IST, BM cellularity gradually increased and cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes decreased (time variationP = .003 and 0.07, respectively). Outcome did not differ between patients with IST or frontline HCT. Ten‐year OS improved over time, increasing from 35.3% to 77.1% and 77% during 1973‐1985, 1986‐2003 and 2004‐2019, respectively.ConclusionHistopathology may refine response prediction to IST. The course of SAA in children, a previously fatal disease, was altered in recent times.
COVID‐19‐related issues on tele‐counseling helpline in Bangladesh
Authors: Iqbal Yeshim , Jahan Rubina , Yesmin Sakila , Selim Ashique , Siddique Shaheen Nafisa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a brief description of COVID‐19‐related issues presented by callers to a tele‐counseling helpline in Bangladesh.MethodCounselors who receive calls write brief descriptions of each call. These descriptions were coded and analyzed.ResultsEighty‐six percent of callers displayed anxiety and/or sleeplessness; these callers also displayed a range of issues including family/interpersonal problems, financial difficulties, physical health concerns, mental illness, and difficulty managing quarantine.ConclusionThese findings indicate the mental health challenges faced in Bangladesh due to lockdown and can inform future interventions.
Cross‐cultural translation and validation of the Malay version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Parent Rating Scale of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders symptoms among Malaysian probands: A preliminary study
Authors: Jusoh Masnira , Dzulkarnain Ahmad Aidil Arafat , Rahmat Sarah , Musa Ramli , Che Azemin Mohd Zulfaezal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Parent Rating Scale of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) symptoms (M‐SNAP‐IV). For this purpose, the SNAP‐IV scale was translated into the Malay language and was pilot‐tested on 91 parents of children aged 8 to 11 years (ADHD [n = 36] and non‐ADHD children [n = 55]). The findings depicted that the M‐SNAP‐IV has excellent content validity, internal consistency, and test‐retest reliability. The M‐SNAP‐IV is a valid and reliable screening tool to detect ADHD symptoms in children and has the advantages to assess the specific presentation of ADHD.