bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Depletes Some Antioxidant Parameters and Increases Free Radical Generation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Iorjiim Walter Mdekera , Omale Simeon , Bagu Great David , Gyang Steven Samuel , Alemika Emmanuel Taiwo , Etuh Monday Alexander 
Published: March 2020

Objective: This study intended to evaluate the toxic effects of Efavirenz-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (EFVb-HAART) on some antioxidant parameters, and free radical generation in D. melanogaster.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the Centre of Excellence in phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Nigeria, in 2019. Sixty (60) D. melanogaster (both sexes) 1-4 days old were exposed by ingestion to graded concentrations of EFVb-HAART (93.11 mg, 46.56 mg, 23.28 mg, 11.64 mg) or 1000 mL distilled water (control) each per 10 g fly food for five days. All concentrations were diluted with 1000 mL distilled water and incorporated in cold fly food in five replicates. Treated flies were anesthetized under ice, homogenized, centrifuged, and the supernatant used to assay for Total protein, Total thiol, Glutathione-S-transferase, Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, and Malondialdehyde levels. Statistical significance was accepted at P< 0.05.
Results: The result showed significantly (P<0.05) increased total protein (1.05±0.0 - 1.34±0.12 Vs. 0.56±0.14 mg/ml) and Malondialdehyde levels (1.63±0.20 – 3.72±0.53 Vs. 0.79±0.10 units/mg protein) in all tested groups versus unexposed. Conversely, Total thiol content (1.96±0.33-0.38±0.10 Vs. 5.31±0.31 units/mg protein) Glutathione-S-transferase (2.20±0.30-1.01±0.27 Vs. 4.31±0.24 units/mg protein), Catalase (171.70±50.13-104.34±9.56 Vs. 368.00±7.56 units/mg protein) and Superoxide dismutase (3.18±0.29-1.44±23 Vs. 5.34±1.35 units/mg protein) activities all decreased significantly (P<0.05) as concentrations increased in all test groups versus unexposed.
Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that the mechanism of EFVb-HAART toxicity involves sterile immune response observed as increased protein contents, oxidative stress evidenced by depleted oxidative stress-antioxidant parameters, and possible free radical generation shown by increased malondialdehyde levels. Human-based studies are required for deeper understanding of these EFVb-HAART toxicities.
Optimization of Zinc and Boron Levels for Better Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Mallick Supti , Zakir H. M. , Alam M. S. 
Published: March 2020

A pot experiment was conducted at the net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period of November, 2017 to March, 2018 to optimize different levels of Zn and B for better growth and yield attributes of tomato (cv. Ruma VF). The experiment included two factors [factor- A viz., control (Zn0 ), Zn @ 4.0 kg ha-1 (Zn4), Zn @ 6.0 kg ha-1 (Zn6) and Zn @ 8.0 kg ha-1 (Zn8) and factor B viz., control (B0), B @ 2.0 kg ha-1 (B2) and B @ 3.0 kg ha-1 (B3)], which was laid out in a completely randomized block design with 4 replications, thus total number of pots were 48. Zinc sulphate and boric acid were applied as the source of Zn and B that were applied during pot preparation along with recommended doses of N, P, K and S. The study revealed that application of different doses of Zn increased number of flower clusters plant-1 at 80 days after transplanting, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits plant-1 and yield of tomato up to 4.0 kg ha-1. Similarly, application of B @ 2.0 kg ha-1 produced the highest number of flower clusters plant-1, fruit length and fruit diameter. On the other hand, the highest number of fruits plant-1 and yield of tomato were obtained by the application of B @ 3.0 kg ha-1 which was statistically similar to the application of B @ 2.0 kg ha-1. Combined application of Zn and B, @ 4.0 and 2.0 kg ha-1, respectively appeared as the best practice for better growth and yield of tomato, and therefore it may be recommended to boost up tomato productivity.
Improving Biology Students’ Interest and Achievement through Collaborative Instructional Strategy
Authors: O. Onu, William , J. Anyaegbunam, Ngozi , U. Uzoigwe, Anthony 
Published: March 2020

Aims: The study was designed to determine the effect of collaborative instructional strategy in improving students’ interest and achievement in Biology.
Study Design: The study was adopted quasi-experimental research design and was conducted in Obollo-Afor education zone.
Place and Duration: The study was conducted in Obollo-Afor education zone of Enugu state and spanned 7 months, between October 2018 to May 2019.
Methodology: Population of the study comprised of 1,691 SSI Biology students, from where a sample of 200 students from six (6) intact classes was sampled using multi-stage sampling procedure, to take part in the study. Biology achievement test and Biology interest inventory were instruments used to collect data for the study. Data were analysed using mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA.
Results: Findings revealed that students taught Biology using collaborative instructional strategy had better achievement and interest ratings, than those taught with the conventional method, female Biology students have slightly better interest and achievement that male Biology students when taught with collaborative instructional strategy and the interaction effect of gender and instructional method on achievement is significant.
Conclusion: The study concludes that considering the ability of the collaborative instructional strategy to improve interest and achievement in Biology, it should be adopted as a method of teaching the subject in Nigerian secondary schools.
Para Pensar o Exercício da Paternidade: contribuições a partir de uma pesquisa sobre guarda compartilhada
Authors: Martins Laura Hêmilly Campos , Osterne Maria do Socorro Ferreira 
Published: March 2020

<p>Este artigo tem por base o estudo da condição paterna à luz da utilização compulsória do modelo compartilhado de guarda, medida aplicada no Brasil com a sanção da Lei n° 13.058/14. A partir das demandas em tramitação no Fórum Clóvis Beviláqua em Fortaleza, o objetivo foi adentrar nas narrativas para compreender de que forma os homens vivenciam a paternidade na dinâmica do compartilhamento da guarda. Caracteriza-se como um estudo de natureza qualitativa referenciado em entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com seis pais. A principal conclusão foi que os entrevistados estão em processo de conhecer e reconhecer a lei que trata da aplicação compulsória da guarda, sendo o caráter impositivo da modalidade não tão relevante. Nesse ínterim, estão vivenciando um estreitamento nos laços de afeto e convivência com os filhos. </p>
Percepções de mulheres sobre o momento do parto e a assistência obstétrica recebida
Authors: Benincasa Miria , Navarro Adriana , Bettiol Neliane Lazarini de Sousa , Heleno Maria Geralda Viana 
Published: March 2020

<p><span>Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a percepção de mulheres primíparas, com gestação de baixo risco sobre à assistência recebida e a experiência de trabalho de parto e pós-parto imediato. A amostra foi composta de 90 mulheres e os dados coletados por meio de entrevistas, que foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo, que gerou cinco categorias. Três apriorísticas que são: – intervenções</span><span> durante o parto; sentimentos vivenciados durante o trabalho de parto, pós-parto imediato e relacionamento com a equipe. E duas que emergiram da análise dos dados: violência obstétrica percebida e violência obstétrica não percebida. Os resultados demonstraram que </span><span>a forma de a mulher perceber seu trabalho de parto e pós-parto imediato está intimamente associada ao modelo de assistência oferecida durante este processo. As participantes que optaram pelo Parto Humanizado revelaram sentimentos de gratidão, superação e transformação positiva. Este fato não foi verificado em nenhum outro modelo de assistência. Aquelas que experienciaram a Cesárea Eletiva ou Violência Obstétrica não vivenciaram o trabalho de parto e manifestaram afeto em relação à equipe apenas durante o momento de encontro com o bebe. Estas mulheres que foram vítimas de Violência Obstrética relataram indignação, revolta e desejo de vingança. Sugere-se estudos longitudinais que investiguem os prejuízos e benefícios destas manifestações afetivas intensas na identidade materna e no vínculo com o bebê.</span></p>
Neurological manifestations of Erdheim–Chester Disease
Authors: Boyd Louisa C. , O’Brien Kevin J. , Ozkaya Neval , Lehky Tanya , Meoded Avner , Gochuico Bernadette R. , Hannah‐Shmouni Fady , Nath Avindra , Toro Camilo , Gahl William A. , Estrada‐Veras Juvianee I. , Dave Rahul H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the spectrum of neurologic involvement in Erdheim–Chester Disease (ECD), a treatable inflammatory neoplasm of histiocytes.MethodsSixty‐two patients with ECD were prospectively enrolled in a natural history study that facilitated collection of clinical, imaging, laboratory, neurophysiologic, and pathologic data.ResultsNinety‐four percent of the patients had neurologic abnormalities on examination or imaging, and 22% had neurologic symptoms as the initial presentation of ECD. The most common neurologic findings were cognitive impairment, peripheral neuropathy, pyramidal tract signs, cranial nerve involvement, and cerebellar ataxia. Imaging revealed atrophy and demyelination along with focal lesions that were located throughout the nervous system, dura, and extra‐axial structures. The BRAF V600E variant correlated with cerebral atrophy. Brain pathology revealed lipid‐laden, phagocytic macrophages (histiocytes) accompanied by demyelination and axonal degeneration.InterpretationIn patients with ECD, neurologic morbidity is common and contributes significantly to disability. Since neurologic symptoms can be the presenting feature of ECD and, given the mean delay in ECD diagnosis is 4.2 years, it is critical that neurologists consider of ECD and other histiocytosis in patients with inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic‐appearing white matter. Furthermore, given the broad spectrum of neurologic involvement, neurologists have an important role in a team of specialists treating ECD patients.
Designing Stimuli‐Responsive Upconversion Nanoparticles that Exploit the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Ovais Muhammad , Mukherjee Sudip , Pramanik Arindam , Das Devlina , Mukherjee Anubhab , Raza Abida , Chen Chunying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTailoring personalized cancer nanomedicines demands detailed understanding of the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, smart upconversion nanoparticles with the ability to exploit the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment for precise targeting have been designed. To activate upconversion nanoparticles, various bio‐physicochemical characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, namely, acidic pH, redox reactants, and hypoxia, are exploited. Stimuli‐responsive upconversion nanoparticles also utilize the excessive presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), riboflavin, and Zn2+ in tumors. An overview of the design of stimulus‐responsive upconversion nanoparticles that precisely target and respond to tumors via targeting the tumor microenvironment and intracellular signals is provided. Detailed understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the personalized design of upconversion nanoparticles will result in more effective clinical translation.
Pneumatic Conveying Printing Based on Super Hydrophobic Surface
Authors: Li Dege , Cao Yi , Dong Hang , Wu Xinlei , Sun Qiang , Ma Chi , Huang Bingfang , Rastgar Shokoufeh , Wittstock Gunther , Liu Yonghong , Zhang Yanzhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn today's era, the inkjet printing (IJP) technique plays important roles in the fabrication of mechanical, electronical, and even biological devices. However, the current IJP techniques are incapable of handling viscous inks, which greatly hinder the extensive industrial application. Here, it is found that utilizing the superhydrophobic materials on the end surface of a nozzle combined with the dragging and shearing effects of an airflow, micrometer‐sized droplets can be generated under a quite low ejection/extrusion pressure. This variation of the traditional IJP technique is called pneumatic conveying printing (PCP) and is capable of handling viscous inks. Two PCP prototypes using micropump and micropiezo as the ink extruder, respectively, are homemade to demonstrate the printing performance. For the PCP using micropump inks with viscosities as high as several thousand mPa s can be printed. For the PCP using a micropiezo, the maximum allowed viscosity is about 700 mPa s. Furthermore, the pressure within the pipeline or ink chamber and the shear rate at the orifice during PCP are much smaller than those of the traditional IJP due to the slower ink extrusion rate. Both experiment and simulation are carried out to reveal the mechanisms of the proposed PCP technique.
Continuous Growth of Germanene and Stanene Lateral Heterostructures
Authors: Ogikubo Tsuyoshi , Shimazu Hiroki , Fujii Yuya , Ito Koichi , Ohta Akio , Araidai Masaaki , Kurosawa Masashi , Le Lay Guy , Yuhara Junji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGroup 14 elemental post‐graphene materials receive much attention because of their outstanding properties, typically, as robust 2D topological insulators. Their heterostructures are a main target in view of disruptive applications. Here, the realization of striking in‐plane lateral heterostructures between germanene and stanene are shown, which are sustainable 2D Ge‐ and Snbased graphene analogs, but with a strong intrinsic spin–orbit coupling. A unique combination of atomic segregation epitaxy (ASE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for the in situ continuous fabrication of nearly atomically precise lateral multijunction heterostructures, respectively, consisting of atom‐thin germanene and stanene on a Ag(111) thin film is used. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations at atomic scale and low‐energy electron diffraction testify that germanene and stanene sheets without intermixing are prepared simultaneously on the same terraces at wide scale: tin and germanium atoms neither exchange their sites nor adsorb on the germanene and stanene sheets. The atomic structure of the boundary between germanene and stanene is derived from STM images, while scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals key electronic features at the heterojunction. This innovative synergetic approach of ASE and MBE growths offers great flexibility for the realization of unprecedented lateral 2D heterostructures.
Superior Self‐Charged and ‐Powered Chemical Sensing with High Performance for NO2 Detection at Room Temperature
Authors: Chen Hongjun , Zhang Meng , Xing Bobo , Fu Xiao , Bo Renheng , Mulmudi Hemant Kumar , Huang Shujuan , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. , Catchpole Kylie R. , Tricoli Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHalide based lead perovskites are recently being explored as efficient light harvesters for optoelectronics devices. Here, some new insights on the self‐charging and energy‐storage of triple cation FA0.80MA0.15Cs0.05PbI2.55Br0.45 (FMCPIB) perovskites based devices with the application for self‐powered chemical sensing are presented. It is demonstrated that under light irradiation a self‐powered FMCPIB based device can detect particle per million (ppm) concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with a swift response and recovery time of ≈17 and ≈126 s at room temperature, respectively. Most notably, the energy‐storage feature enables FMCPIB based devices like a photo‐capacitor, and then remain operational for another 1.7 h in darkness for the detection of NO2 without external power supply. Besides, the FMCPIB based devices can also be operated with a 1 V bias achieving a detection limit 0.2 ppm of NO2 at room temperature. Through analysis, it reveals that the high performance for NO2 can be ascribed to the special NO2‐amine interaction with the cations of FMCPIB and the storage capacitance might be due to the accumulation of charges at the TiO2/FMCPIB/carbon interfaces under light irradiation. These appealing features of FMCPIB perovskites based chemical sensors might find potential applications in monitoring of toxic gas emission and public space safety.
Flatband Line States in Photonic Super‐Honeycomb Lattices
Authors: Yan Wenchao , Zhong Hua , Song Daohong , Zhang Yiqi , Xia Shiqi , Tang Liqin , Leykam Daniel , Chen Zhigang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor the first time, a photonic super‐honeycomb lattice (sHCL) is established experimentally by use of a continuous‐wave laser writing technique, and thereby two distinct flatband line states that manifest as noncontractible loop states in an infinite flatband lattice are demonstrated. These localized states (“straight” and “zigzag” lines) observed in the sHCL with tailored boundaries cannot be obtained by the superposition of conventional compact localized states because they arise from real‐space topological property of certain flatband systems. In fact, the zigzag‐line states, unique to the sHCL, are in contradistinction with those previously observed in the Kagome and Lieb lattices. Their momentum‐space spectrum emerges in the high‐order Brillouin zone where the flatband touches the dispersive bands, revealing the characteristic of topologically protected band‐touching. The experimental results are corroborated by numerical simulations. This work may provide insight into Dirac‐like 2D materials beyond graphene.
Nanostructured Germanium with >99% Absorption at 300–1600 nm Wavelengths
Authors: Pasanen Toni P. , Isometsä Joonas , Garin Moises , Chen Kexun , Vähänissi Ville , Savin Hele 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) sensors find numerous applications within various industry fields, including optical communications and medical diagnostics. However, the state‐of‐the‐art NIR sensors made of germanium (Ge) suffer from rather poor response, largely due to high reflection from the illuminated device surface. This work demonstrates a method to increase the sensitivity of Ge sensors by implementing nanostructures to the wafer surfaces. The absorbance of nanostructured Ge wafers is measured to be >99% in the whole UV–vis–NIR spectrum up to 1600 nm wavelength, which is a significant improvement to bare Ge wafers that reach absorption of only 63% in maximum. The process is shown to be capable of producing uniform nanostructures covering full 100 mm diameter substrates as well as wafers with etch mask openings of different sizes and shapes, which demonstrates its applicability to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor manufacturing. The results imply that nanostructured Ge has potential to revolutionize the sensitivity of Ge‐based sensors.
Methylammonium Lead Tribromide Single Crystal Detectors towards Robust Gamma‐Ray Photon Sensing
Authors: Tisdale Jeremy T. , Yoho Michael , Tsai Hsinhan , Shrestha Shreetu , Fernando Kasun , Baldwin Jon K. , Tretiak Sergei , Vo Duc , Nie Wanyi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, hybrid perovskite single crystalline solid‐state detectors have shown promise in γ‐ray spectroscopy. Here, the γ‐ray photon induced electrical pulses are investigated, which are produced by perovskite solid‐state detectors made with the commonly used methylammonium lead tribromide crystals with chlorine incorporation. Under low electric field detector operation, slow pulses generated by γ‐rays with average rise times of 65 µs are observed, which decreases to 20 µs when a higher electrical field of 500 V cm−1 is applied. However, the baseline becomes noisy quickly, which prevents collection of clean pulses for spectra construction. Further, by systematically measuring the temperature dependence and current–voltage characteristics, such instability is attributed to the local ion migration under electrical field creating a fluctuating dark noise, which presents a major challenge in perovskite γ‐ray detector technologies. It is demonstrated that cycling the bias between positive and negative polarity can stabilize the detector, allowing for longer periods of pulse accumulation for generating energy resolved spectra with resolutions of ≈35% at 59.6 keV and ≈25% at 662 keV at room temperature. The study indicates that the main limiting factors of perovskite‐based γ‐ray detectors are slow rise times and bias instability. These challenges must be properly addressed to achieve reproducible, high‐resolution γ‐ray detection.
Increasing Complexity to Simplify Clinical Care: High Resolution Mass Spectrometry as an Enabler of AI Guided Clinical and Therapeutic Monitoring
Authors: Yee Wei Loong Sherman , Drum Chester Lee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClinical care increasingly relies on individualized, highly multidimensional data for patient phenotyping. This review focusses on two technologies which are contributing to this trend and, in their mutual overlap, may provide a novel and powerful contribution to future clinical care. Artificial intelligence (AI), in particular the technique of deep learning, is steadily making inroads to clinical care and has demonstrated the ability to extract clinically relevant features from complex datasets. Likewise, mass spectrometry (MS), in particular high‐resolution MS, is gaining the ability to provide highly multidimensional datasets from patient samples with the quality necessary for clinical decision making. The convergence of these trends has resulted in the nascent application of deep learning analytics to high resolution mass spectra. Due to the large volumes of content provided by high resolution mass spectra and the ability of multilayer neural networks to extract subtle features from complex datasets, future integration of their mutual application is identified as a research area of high priority for clinical care. Factors are identified that have contributed to historical progress for each technology and recommendations are provided to accelerate the mutual application of deep learning and mass spectrometry techniques to patient care.
Quantum Dynamics Simulations on the Adsorption Mechanism of Reducing and Oxidizing Gases on the CH3NH3PbI3 Surface
Authors: Tong Lei , Zhang Bing , Wang Xiaogang G. , Liao Yinjie J. , Yang Jieqin Q. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExisting experiments have revealed that methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 or CH3NH3PbI3) materials show favorable gas‐sensing properties to reducing gas NH3 and oxidizing gases O2 and O3. The first step to effective gas‐sensing by using semiconductor materials for gas‐sensing applications is to recognize a target gas through gas–solid interaction. To explore the sensing mechanisms of perovskite materials to different oxidizing and reducing gases, the changes of skeleton structures of MAPbI3 in reducing gas NH3 and oxidizing gases O2 and O3, adsorption energy, and charge transfer between gases and semiconductors are investigated through large‐scale quantum dynamics simulations. By using three adsorption models, the differences and similarities of adsorption mechanisms of MAPbI3 for gases NH3, O2, and O3 are illustrated. These adsorption mechanisms are expected to provide new ideas for developing innovative sensing elements made of perovskite materials with stronger stability, high sensitivity, and high selectivity.