bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term Physiological Knowledge Retention in Nursing Students.
Authors: Narnaware Raj , Neumeier Melanie 
Published: April 2020

Despite anatomy and physiology being foundational courses in medical, nursing and allied ‐ health care programs, there is growing concern that the essential bioscience knowledge in these courses is not being retained by students over time. Numerous studies have demonstrated the difficulty of medical, nursing and allied health care students to retain and apply anatomical knowledge as they progress through their programs of study (Doomernik et al., 2017). However, physiological knowledge retention has not been studied as extensively as anatomical knowledge retention in health care disciplines, with very few studies focusing on nursing students (Aari et al., 2004). Of those studies most are carried out after graduation (Aari et al., 2004), or are focused on a single or limited number of organ systems (Pourshanazari et al., 2013). The present study aims to determine the level of physiological knowledge retained by nursing students in the four month time period between the completion of their physiology course in first‐year nursing and enrollment in the second‐year pathophysiology course. To answer this question, nursing students were quizzed on eight organ systems using the on‐line quizzing system Kahoot. Each Kahoot quiz included nine to eleven knowledge and comprehension level multiple‐choice questions. These scores were compared to first year quiz scores on the same content to determine overall knowledge retention over time. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS II, and means were compared using 2‐sample t‐tests. The scores are described for each organ system by reporting the mean and standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 for all tests. The mean score of questions from all organ systems in year one was 64.72 ± 9.3 (SD). Comparing that score to matched test items evaluated in the pathophysiology course, there is a decrease in the overall mean score from 64.72 ± 9.3 (SD) to 53.33 ± 25.8 (SD). This equates to an 86.6% retention rate, or 13.6% knowledge loss within four months. Organ‐specific knowledge retention was highest for renal physiology (99.0%), digestive physiology (97.8%), immunity (89.9%), vascular physiology (88.6%), and reproductive physiology (84.2%). Retention was comparatively lower for endocrine physiology (80.7%), inflammation (79.8%), and blood (79.4%). These results demonstrate a high level of knowledge retention overall with variations in retention being system specific. The level of knowledge retention in this study was significantly higher than previous rates reported in medical and allied‐health students (Pourshanazari et al., 2013) and is significantly higher than anatomical knowledge retention levels in the same population (Narnaware and Neumeier, 2019 a,b).Support or Funding InformationNone
A Novel Tumor Microenvironment Model that Combines Bioprinting and Tissue Culture to Investigate Cancer Cell and Microvascular Interactions
Authors: Suarez-Martinez Ariana D. , Sole-Gras Marc , Dykes Samantha S. , Wakefield Zachary R. , Bauer Kevin , Lampejo Arinola , Siemann Dietmar W. , Huang Yong , Murfee Walter L. 
Published: April 2020

A challenge in cancer research is the lack of a physiologically responsive in vitro model that allows for the investigation of cancer cells in a tissue‐like environment. A model that enables real‐time investigation of cancer cell migration, fate, and function during microvascular network growth does not currently exist. While current models such as 2D in vitro models or microfluidic systems incorporate real‐time cell tracking and multiple cell types, they do not mimic the complexity of intact networks and tissue environments. The objective of this study was to establish a novel tumor‐microvasculature model by demonstrating the feasibility of bioprinting cancer cells onto excised mouse mesometrium tissues. Pre‐labeled DiI mouse breast cancer (4T1) cells were inkjet‐printed onto mouse mesometrium tissues. The cell ink for printing comprised of 2% Na‐alginate mixed in minimum essential media with 1% PenStrep (MEM) containing 15 million 4T1 cells. A single cancer cell spot per tissue was created by printing 10 drops of cell ink in the same location. MEM was added on top of tissue 30 seconds after printing and then incubated for 5 minutes before being plated into 6‐well plates containing MEM supplemented with 20% serum. Tissues were cultured for 5 days with media being changed every day. The spot of DiI+ cells was imaged every 24 hours to then quantify cell number and area for Day 0, 1, and 2. At Day 2 or 5, tissues were fixed in methanol and labeled with platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), and E‐cadherin, to identify endothelial cells and cancer cells, respectively. Co‐localization of DAPI+ nuclei confirmed that DiI+ cells remained intact post‐printing. Printed DiI+ 4T1 cells also remained viable after printing on Day 0 and after culture on Day 5. Time‐lapse imaging over 5 days in culture enabled tracking of cell motility and proliferation. The number of cells (Day 0: 159 ± 40, Day 1: 370 ± 78, Day 2: 889 ± 184, Day 5: 18,031 ± 1,695) and cell area (Day 0: 0.72 ± 0.19, Day 1: 1.89 ± 0.33, Day 2: 2.92 ± 0.44, Day 5: 5.93 ± 0.75 mm2) were significantly increased over time. Moreover, a proliferation assay of anti‐BrdU on Day 2 also highlighted that a subset of E‐cadherin+ cells are in the S‐phase of the cell cycle contributing to the increase in cell number and cell area. Also, microvessels in the tissue were angiogenic evident by PECAM+ sprouts. These results corroborate that cancer cells are mobile and proliferative in this novel ex vivo model. Further, it demonstrates the potential for bioprinting cancer cells onto live, intact tissues to investigate cancer dynamics within a physiologically relevant microenvironment.Support or Funding InformationNIH R01AG049821
Characterizing the circular RNA circPCNX through BaseScope RNA FISH
Authors: Harris Sophia , Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Indig Fred , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: April 2020

In eukaryotic cells, a transcribed pre‐mRNA is spliced by the spliceosome, a catalytic machinery comprising proteins and noncoding RNAs. Splicing typically removes introns, but it can also generate circular RNAs (circRNAs). The body of the circRNA is fully present in the parent pre‐mRNA; the only unique sequence is found where the ends of the linear RNA are ligated—the junction. Initially, circRNAs were thought to be inert byproducts of this splicing process. However, in recent years, it has been discovered that circRNAs may have important functions within the cell, including acting as a microRNA “sponge” that limits the functions of the miRNA. Through this and other functions, circRNAs have been implicated in many diseases including cancer.The goal of this study is to visualize a particular circRNA in the cell. We have adopted the BaseScope technology (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA) to locate and visualize a circRNA via in situ hybridization. This technology utilizes a “ZZ”‐shaped probe to target specific sequences in RNA and greatly amplify a chromogenic signal. This method allows for probe hybridization to small RNA sequences, which is essential for visualization of circRNA, as the probe is specific to the circRNA junction sequence and will not hybridize to the pre‐mRNA. We have performed this method in HeLa cells to identify the circRNA circPCNX, a circRNA that associates with the cancer‐related RNA‐binding protein AUF1. We have also visualized PCNX mRNA, the linear counterpart of circPCNX. Ongoing BaseScope analysis reveals punctate dots, each representing a single instance of circPCNX, which allows for quantification of RNA copy numbers as well as visualization of their subcellular localization. Preliminary findings suggest that circPCNX exists in low abundancy in HeLa cells, while PCNX mRNA is found to be more abundant, and exists in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of HeLa cells. This method provides both descriptive and quantitative analyses of circPCNX that complement computational strategies to investigate circPCNX levels and localization in HeLa cells. Efforts to visualize circPCNX and other circRNAs shed light on the dynamics and functions of circRNAs and allow us to harness their therapeutic potential.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program of the NIH.
Insomnia is Associated with an Increased Carotid‐Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Young Adults during Awake Hours
Authors: Gagnon Madison K. , Dempster Kylie S. , Wade Terrance J. , O’Leary Deborah D. 
Published: April 2020

Current literature indicates that those living with insomnia have an increased risk of developing and dying from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous studies have investigated cardiovascular measures such as baroreflex sensitivity (cvBRS), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and serum lipid levels in those with insomnia, however these studies focus on older adults and do not investigate early cardiovascular changes occurring in a young population. The purpose of this study was to examine differences across multiple cardiovascular measures that may be associated with insomnia in a young, healthy adult population. This cross‐sectional analysis of the midpoint sample of the Niagara Longitudinal Heart Study used data from 156 participants aged 19–25 years. Insomnia was classified using the SLEEP‐50 questionnaire and was compared across measures of BP, HR, cvBRS, and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). HR and BP were measured using an automatic oscillometric device, cvBRS was measured using a beat‐by‐beat systolic BP and RR intervals, and cfPWV was measured using a hand‐held tonometer which measured pressure waveforms. Significantly higher cfPWV was found in those with insomnia (M=6.00± 0.89) versus those without (M=5.57 ±0.88) (p=0.013). There were no significant differences between those with and without insomnia for BP, HR or cvBRS (p>0.05), however, a non‐significant trend in HR was found between those with insomnia (M=79.93± 11.92) and those without (M=75.91± 11.18) (p=0.058). Literature suggests that insomnia may lead to CVD through mechanisms including changes in autonomic activity, systemic inflammation, and hormonal dysregulation. Previous insomnia studies have not investigated cfPWV, therefore these findings suggest that arterial stiffness may be an early indicator of CVD risk in those with insomnia. These results are especially novel since they are being detected in a young, otherwise healthy population suggesting that CVD risk may begin to develop early in those suffering with insomnia. The identification of these differences at a young age suggests that significant cardiovascular change occurs earlier than previously expected in those living with insomnia, thus prompting early intervention to help reduce the physiological burden of this sleeping disorder.Support or Funding InformationFunding source: The NLHS is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR #s 363774, 399332). KSD is funded by a CIHR Doctoral Research Award – Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship (RFN#167014)
Conjunctival Implantation Cyst in the Orbicularis Oculi Muscle: Review of a Possible Origin From Displaced Stem Cells With a Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Jakobiec Frederick A. , Hanbazazh Mehenaz , Barrantes Paula Cortes , Yoon Michael K. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To document a unique case of a corneal/conjunctival epithelial inclusion cyst located in the orbicularis oculi muscle with a comprehensive review of variant conjunctival cysts and simulating conditions.

Methods:
Clinicopathologic case report with detailed histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation for cytokeratins combined with a tabulation of mimicking lesions and relevant literature citations.

Results:
A 59-year-old man experienced severe blunt left periorbital trauma that resulted in a limbal partial-thickness corneal wound with an associated epithelial abrasion and a full-thickness eyelid laceration extending from the superior fornix to the margin. Several months after surgical repair of the eyelid a cyst appeared in the superior pretarsal skin. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical investigations supplied data suggesting that the cyst had a high probability of a corneoscleral limbal stem cell origin. Distinctive features of the lesion are contrasted with those of allied or simulating cysts.

Conclusions:
Stem cells are now believed to be located at the corneoscleral limbus, in the inferior fornix, in the medial canthal region, and at the eyelid margin where transitions from conjunctival epithelium to epidermal epithelium occur. Due to their replicative, hardy and robust nature, stem cells displaced to alien environments are most likely to survive and produce cysts. The cyst’s corneal-type cytologic characteristics, the absence of goblet cells, and the expression of a broad spectrum of cytokeratin biomarkers in the current case give support to the proposal that limbal stem cells in the region of the corneal laceration were displaced to the eyelid orbicularis muscle and were responsible for this most extraordinary cyst. Comparison with other epithelial cystic linings lends further evidence for this conclusion.
Building Your Brand: Analysis of Successful Oculoplastic Surgeons on Social Media
Authors: Park Sally S. E. , Akella Sruti S. , Moon Jee-Young , Zarrin Bryan , Patel Sheel , Doshi Hiten , Barmettler Anne 
Published: April 2020

The influence of social media is rapidly growing and can be strategically harnessed by oculoplastic surgeons to educate both patients and healthcare providers, collaborate with colleagues, and for referrals and marketing.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Purpose:
To determine the impact of social media content from oculoplastic surgeon-held accounts on public engagement.

Methods:
This study analyzed successful Instagram accounts (defined by >500 followers as of May 2019) held by American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic Reconstruction Surgery members. Each account’s 20 most and 20 least successful posts (based on number of likes) were characterized by the post’s subject, location, media type, and tag usage. Posts were then analyzed using a web-based application that calculates the engagement level of Instagram users with the selected post.

Results:
A total of 4,812 posts were analyzed from 37 Instagram accounts. Of these American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic Reconstruction Surgery members, the majority were men (67.6%, n = 25) in private practice solely (70.3%, n = 26). Numerous post characteristics, like content and media type, impacted success in a statistically significant manner; for example, public engagement rose when featuring the posting doctor, especially when smiling and wearing a white coat. Meanwhile, posts featuring an office procedure had a negative effect. Formatting was also found to contribute to success. For example, photographs were preferred over videos, while multiple images were best presented sequentially as a carousel (with the viewer swiping through the series) rather than in a large collage. Use of tags (hashtags, accounts, and locations) were associated with increased engagement.

Conclusions:
Social media is an important communication and marketing tool, especially in esthetic fields like oculoplastics. Guidelines for success are presented in this study; content, location, subject, media type, and tags statistically significantly impact public engagement.
Effects of breastfeeding education based on the self-efficacy theory on women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: You Huaxuan , Lei Anjiang , Xiang Jie , Wang Yan , Luo Biru , Hu Juan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background:
Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) face big challenges of breastfeeding. In order to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding rate of them, we formulated perinatal individualized interventions based on self-efficacy theory and conducted a randomized controlled trial to verify the effectiveness.

Methods:
We conducted a randomized controlled trial. The perinatal individualized interventions based on the self-efficacy theory including 4 phases were led by the International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC). Women allocated to the control group received usual care for lactation support during the antenatal and postnatal period. Data collection occurred at admission, discharge, 6 weeks postpartum, 4 months postpartum, and 6 months postpartum.

Results:
We enrolled 226 women with GDM, 113 in the intervention group and 113 in the control group. The scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group at discharge, at 6 weeks, 4 months, and 6 months postpartum (P < .05). We found higher rates of exclusive and any breastfeeding in the intervention group at discharge (Exclusive: 25.2% vs 13.5%, P < .05; Any: 94.4% vs 89.4%, P > .05), at 6 weeks postpartum (Exclusive: 75.5% vs 62.5%, P < .05; Any: 100.0% vs 96.2%, P > .05), at 4 months postpartum (Exclusive: 68.9% vs 43.3%, P < .05; Any: 94.3% vs 83.7%, P < .05) and at 6 months postpartum (Exclusive: 55.8% vs 36.9%, P < .05; Any: 88.5% vs 64.1%, P < .05).

Conclusion:
Perinatal individualized breastfeeding education based on the self-efficacy theory had positive effects on breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding rate of women with GDM.
Open abdomen treatment for complicated intra-abdominal infection patients with gastrointestinal fistula can reduce the mortality
Authors: Li Xuzhao , Wei Jiangpeng , Zhang Ying , Wang Weizhong , Wu Guosheng , Zhao Qingchuan , Li Xiaohua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To evaluate the effect of the open abdomen (OA) and closed abdomen (CA) approaches for treating intestinal fistula with complicated intra-abdominal infection (IFWCIAI), and analyze the risk factors in OA treatment.
IFWCIAI is associated with high mortality rates and healthcare costs, as well as longer postoperative hospital stay. However, OA treatment has also been linked with increased mortality and development of secondary intestinal fistula.
A total of 195 IFWCIAI patients who were operated over a period of 7 years at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into the OA group (n = 112) and CA group (n = 83) accordingly, and the mortality rates, hospital costs, and hospital stay duration of both groups were compared. In addition, the risk factors in OA treatment were also analyzed.
OA resulted in significantly lower mortality rates (9.8% vs 30.1%, P < .001) and hospital costs ($11721.40 ± $9368.86 vs $20365.36 ± $21789.06, P < .001) compared with the CA group. No incidences of secondary intestinal fistula was recorded and the duration of hospital stay was similar for both groups (P = .151). Delayed OA was an independent risk factor of death following OA treatment (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.316; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.068–1.623, P = .010), whereas early enteral nutrition (EN) exceeding 666.67 mL was a protective factor (HR = 0.996; 95% CI = 0.993–0.999, P = .018). In addition, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were the main pathogens responsible for the death of patients after OA treatment.
OA decreased mortality rates and hospital costs of IFWCIAI patients, and did not lead to any secondary fistulas. Early OA and EN also reduced mortality rates.
Impact of cardiac rehabilitation programs on left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Susca Mihaela Ghircau , Hodas Roxana , Benedek Theodora , Benedek Imre , Chitu Monica , Opincariu Diana , Chiotoroiu Andreea , Rezus Ciprian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
While the role of early mobilization in the immediate postinfarction period has been well demonstrated, little is known in present about the link between early mobilization and reduction of systemic inflammation. At the same time, the impact of early mobilization on regression of left ventricular remodeling has not been elucidated so far.

Material and methods:
Here we present the study protocol of the REHAB trial, a clinical descriptive, prospective study, conducted in a single-center, with the purpose to analyze the impact of early mobilization in reducing left ventricular remodeling, the complication rates and mortality in patients who had suffered a recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI). At the same time, the study aims to demonstrate the contribution of early mobilization to reduction of systemic inflammation, thus reducing the inflammation-mediated ventricular remodeling. 100 patients with AMI in the last 12 hours, and successful revascularization of the culprit artery within the first 12 hours after the onset of symptoms in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction or within first 48 hours in non ST-segment elevation AMI will be enrolled in the study. Based on the moment of mobilization after AMI patients will be distributed in 2 groups: group 1 – patients with early mobilization (<2 days after the onset of symptoms) and; group 2 – subjects with delayed mobilization after AMI (>2 days after the onset of symptoms). Study outcomes will consist in the impact of early mobilization after AMI on the ventricular remodeling in the post-infarction period, as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, the rate of in-hospital mortality, the rate of repeated revascularization or MACE and the effect of early mobilization on systemic inflammation in the immediate postinfarction phase.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, REHAB will be the first trial that will elucidate the impact of early mobilization in the first period after AMI, as a first step of a complex cardiac rehabilitation program, to reduce systemic inflammation and prevent deleterious ventricular remodeling in patients who suffered a recent AMI.
Current status of normothermic ex-vivo perfusion of cardiac allografts
Authors: Ragalie William S. , Ardehali Abbas 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
Ex-vivo perfusion has emerged in recent years as an alternative to cold static preservation of organs harvested for transplant. Normothermic ex-vivo perfusion, the subject of this review, maintains the donor heart in a near physiologic state, and allows the transplant team to monitor and control perfusion to the organ prior to implantation. A growing body of evidence has established the safety and viability of this technique, which may improve on current standards of donor management.

Recent findings
Following initial single-arm studies over a decade ago, ex-vivo perfusion has been studied in a prospective, randomized fashion in standard donor hearts (PROCEED II trial). The short and intermediate-term results demonstrated similar outcomes compared with cold storage with significantly shorter cold ischemic time. Since then, ex-vivo perfusion has been studied in extended-criteria donor hearts, first in observational studies, and currently in randomized, prospective fashion in the recently completed EXPAND-Heart trial, which is anticipated to be reported in 2020.

Summary
Normothermic ex-vivo perfusion has an established literature base and holds promise for changing current practices of heart preservation. Results of forthcoming pivotal studies will help determine its role in more widespread clinical adoption.