bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Email Consultations Between Patients and Doctors in Primary Care: Content Analysis
Authors: Atherton Helen , Boylan Anne-Marie , Eccles Abi , Fleming Joanna , Goyder Clare R , Morris Rebecca L 
Published: November 2020

Background
Increasingly, consultations in health care settings are conducted remotely using a range of communication technologies. Email allows for 2-way text-based communication, occurring asynchronously. Studies have explored the content and nature of email consultations to understand the use, structure, and function of email consultations. Most previous content analyses of email consultations in primary care settings have been conducted in North America, and these have shown that concerns and assumptions about how email consultations work have not been realized. There has not been a UK-based content analysis of email consultations.

Objective
This study aims to explore and delineate the content of consultations conducted via email in English general practice by conducting a content analysis of email consultations between general practitioners (GPs) and patients.

Methods
We conducted a content analysis of anonymized email consultations between GPs and patients in 2 general practices in the United Kingdom. We examined the descriptive elements of the correspondence to ascertain when the emails were sent, the number of emails in an email consultation, and the nature of the content. We used a normative approach to analyze the content of the email consultations to explore the use and function of email consultation.

Results
We obtained 100 email consultations from 85 patients, which totaled 262 individual emails. Most email users were older than 40 years, and over half of the users were male. The email consultations were mostly short and completed in a few days. Emails were mostly sent and received during the day. The emails were mostly clinical in content rather than administrative and covered a wide range of clinical presentations. There were 3 key themes to the use and function of the email consultations: the role of the GP and email consultation, the transactional nature of an email consultation, and the operationalization of an email consultation.

Conclusions
Most cases where emails are used to have a consultation with a patient in general practice have a shorter consultation, are clinical in nature, and are resolved quickly. GPs approach email consultations using key elements similar to that of the face-to-face consultation; however, using email consultations has the potential to alter the role of the GP, leading them to engage in more administrative tasks than usual. Email consultations were not a replacement for face-to-face consultations.
Co-Design to Support the Development of Inclusive eHealth Tools for Caregivers of Functionally Dependent Older Persons: Social Justice Design
Authors: Latulippe Karine , Hamel Christine , Giroux Dominique 
Published: November 2020

Background
eHealth can help reduce social health inequalities (SHIs) as much as it can exacerbate them. Taking a co-design approach to the development of eHealth tools has the potential to ensure that these tools are inclusive. Although the importance of involving future users in the development of eHealth tools to reduce SHIs is highlighted in the scientific literature, the challenges associated with their participation question the benefits of this involvement as co-designers in a real-world context.

Objective
On the basis of Amartya Sen’s theoretical framework of social justice, the aim of this study is to explore how co-design can support the development of an inclusive eHealth tool for caregivers of functionally dependent older persons.

Methods
This study is based on a social justice design and participant observation as part of a large-scale research project funded by the Ministry of Families as part of the Age-Friendly Quebec Program (Québec Ami des Aînés). The analysis was based on the method developed by Miles and Huberman and on Paillé’s analytical questioning method.

Results
A total of 78 people participated in 11 co-design sessions in 11 Quebec regions. A total of 24 preparatory meetings and 11 debriefing sessions were required to complete this process. Co-designers participated in the creation of a prototype to support the search for formal services for caregivers. The majority of participants (except for 2) significantly contributed to the tool’s designing. They also incorporated conversion factors to ensure the inclusiveness of the eHealth tool, such as an adequate level of digital literacy and respect for the caregiver’s help-seeking process. In the course of the experiment, the research team’s position regarding its role in co-design evolved from a neutral posture and promoting co-designer participation to one that was more pragmatic.

Conclusions
The use of co-design involving participants at risk of SHIs does not guarantee innovation, but it does guarantee that the tool developed will comply with their process of help-seeking and their literacy level. Time issues interfere with efforts to carry out a democratic process in its ideal form. It would be useful to single out some key issues to guide researchers on what should be addressed in co-design discussions and what can be left out to make optimal use of this approach in a real-world context.
SKINCARE CREAM PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF PARE (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA) LEAVES USING THREE DIFFERENCE BASE
Authors: INDRAWATI TETI , HAJARD ISMAYANTI , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The purpose of this research is to make a skincare cream that contains bioactive from Momordica charantia leaves (MCL) using three kinds of base cream.
Methods: The dried MCL made into powder shape and then extracted using 96% ethanol solvent. The liquid extract was evaporated using a vacuum evaporator until obtained by the viscous extract. The Momordica charantia leaves ethanol extract (MEE) with a concentration of 4.00% made into a cosmetic product used vanishing, cold, and hand and body cream as a base. Creams made by mixing the oil phase and water phase at 70 °C until cream mass formed, then added MEE at 40 °C. All the product creams were evaluated their physical and chemical characteristics and stability tested.
Results: Cream of Momordica charantia leaf ethanol extract had semisolid form, yellowish color, the peculiar smell of Momordica charantia ethanol extract, homogeneous, pH 6.37-6.67, easily spread with spreading ability 2,081.21-2,835.43 mm2, has viscosity 125,000-18,0000 cps and stable 3 mo in a room and 60 °C temperature storage.
Conclusion: Momordica charantia leaves can be made become a good cream for skincare cosmetics that more beneficial and profitable than as waste. This skincare creams using vanishing base cream, cold cream, and hand and body cream as base creams.
FORMULATION OF ANTIOXIDANT GEL FROM STANDARDIZED GREEN CINCAU (CYCLEA BARBATA L. MIERS) ETHANOLIC EXTRACT
Authors: GANGGA ERLINDHA , FARIDA YUNAHARA , KARTININGSIH  
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of this study to develop an antioxidant gel from standardized green cincau (Cyclea barbata L. Miers) ethanolic extracts.
Methods: The standardized extract of green cincau (Cyclea barbata L. Miers) ethanolic extracts were formulated as active ingredients of antioxidant gel. The dried leaf of Cyclea barbata L Miers was extracted with ethanol 70%. The extract was analyzed its phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity with DPPH methods. The extract was used as active ingredients of antioxidant gel. The gels were evaluated physically and chemically, such as organoleptic test, homogeneity, viscosity and rheology, spreadability, pH test, antioxidant activity, and analysis of microbial contamination test.
Results: The results showed that all formulas were greenish-yellow and have homogeneous, the viscosity of 14267-45533 cps, spreadability of gels 1783.8–6631.5 mm2, pH value of 4.57–5.74, and analysis of microbial contamination has colonies not more than 103 colonies/g or colonies/ml. Statistical analysis used two ways ANOVA to investigate gels time and temperature effects toward gel preparations stability. There was no effect on the viscosity, spreadability, and pH tests, on the all formula with P>0.05. The antioxidant activity of the formula showed that all formulas changed after 3 mo of storage at 40 °C. Formula II had stronger antioxidant activity than the others with an IC50 value of 57.60µg/ml.
Conclusion: All formulas showed fairly strong antioxidant activity because it can inhibit the activity of free radicals that could inhibit the premature aging of the skin.
THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED COPPER NANOPARTICLES TO PROMOTE FULL-THICKNESS EXCISIONAL WOUND HEALING
Authors: KUMAR ASHISH , PANDIT VINAY , NAGAICH UPENDRA 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The purpose of this research was, synthesis of copper nanoparticles using environment friendly cementation method and evaluate their wound healing property on full-thickness excisional wound.
Methods: Present study reports the synthesis of CNPs by single-step cementation method. Evaluation of CNPs was endorsed by morphological and chemical properties. Furthermore, CNPs was evaluated for its antibacterial potential and invitro hemocompatibility. Additionally, pharmacological evaluation of CNPs was assessed against excisional wound.
Results: Characterization of final product indicate, particle size of CNPs were ranging from 100-150 nm. CNPs showed significant antibacterial activity (A= 2.1±0.1 mm, B =2.1±0.1 mm, C = 1.9±0.2 mm, at 10µg/ml), along with superior hemocompatibility (RBC cell survival 97±1 %). Further CNPs formulation shows increased level of anti-inflammatory cytokinin’s (IL-10, 42.7%) as compared to standard (STD), vehicle control, and normal control groups, attributed to accelerated wound healing (p<0.05 vs STD).
Conclusion: The consequences the present investigation endorse the accelerated wound healing potential of CNPs with its anti-inflammatory potential.
CURRENT STATUS, CHALLENGES AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME DATA INTEGRITY ISSUES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: M. VIGNESH , G. N. K. GANESH 
Published: November 2020

The pharmaceutical industry is currently one of the most dynamic among all industries. At present, it is striking with various compliance challenges like never before there is increased regulation, acquisitions, push toward harmonization and endemic in a Data Integrity (DI) concern. DI weakness is identified, either as a result of an audit or a regulatory inspection, companies with multiple sites should ensure that appropriate corrective and preventive actions are implemented across the organizations and appropriate notification to regulatory authorities should be made wherever applicable. The objective of the study carries the number of issues involved within data integrity in current GMP aspects, the root causes were addressed based on warning letters. This review intends to study the concept of data integrity holistically in all aspects, regulatory expectations and to evaluate the state of compliance and challenges that explore to suggest appropriate remedial and proactive measures to avoid DI issues. There were many challenges involved to overcome the issues, which are all about the one's handling by maintaining good documentation practice. The importance, strategies and recommendations were discussed to overcome from the repeated data integrity mistakes.
This review was carried out by systematic searches of data integrity in relevant guidelines, published articles, reviews and abstracts in Google scholar, Pubmed, Science direct, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane database of systematic reviews of articles up to March 2020. The keywords used for gathering information were listed below.
ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF DOXYCYCLINE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING GRAPHENE OXIDE/HYDROGEL COMPOSITE
Authors: ABDULSAHIB WALEED K. , GANDUH SAFAA H. , MAHDI MAKARIM A. , JASIM LAYTH S. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Preparation of novel, safe, and low-cost composite by addition of graphene oxide (GO) to polyvinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid composite (PVP-AAc) to remove the doxycycline hydrochloride (D) from polluted aquatic environment.
Methods: Different concentrations of D were used to study the adsorption process of the antibiotic on the surface of GO/(PVP-AAc) hydrogel composite. The aquatic solution of D was used for studying the adsorption process through a series of different experiments to determine the contact time, adsorbate amount, appropriate temperature, the preferred pH, ionic strength, adsorption kinetics and isotherms on the adsorbent surface of GO/PVP-AAc composite. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to detect the structure, functional groups and surface morphology of the composite before and after D adsorption.
Results: Doxycycline is adsorb on the surface of GO/PVP-AAc hydrogel composite through by physical interactions. The adsorption kinetics correlated to the pseudo-second-order model, contact time studies of D equal to 180 min and the high R2 value of 0.98 indicates that Langmuir isotherm model better fitted to the data for the removal of D at 15 °C. The results of thermodynamic parameters show that the nature of the adsorption process is physical, exothermic, orderly and spontaneous. The adsorption capacity of D favors the acidic media. When NaCl is added to the solution, the adsorption capacity of D will increase.
Conclusion: Graphene oxide/PVP-AAc composite is a novel, worthy and efficient adsorbent for the removal of the doxycycline polluted the water because of its low cost, hydrophilic properties, large surface area and special structure that give impressive dispersible activity in aquatic solutions.
A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF VESICULAR FORMULATIONS: TRANSFERSOMES AND CONVENTIONAL LIPOSOMES LOADED IVABRADINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: CHAURASIA GITA , LARIYA NARENDRA 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Ivabradine hydrochloride (IH), a benzazepine derivative used to treat cardiovascular disease angina pectoris. In this study IH-loaded novel carrier systems transfersomes (TFs) and conventional liposomes (CLs) were developed and compared for their efficacy to enhance the stability of drugs from degradation.
Methods: TFs formulations (TF-1, TF-2 and TF-3) were prepared by using different biocompatible surfactants; tween-80 (TW), span-80(S) and sodium deoxycholate (SC) in the concentration ratio of 15 parts with 85 parts of soy phosphatidylcholine as phospholipid by thin-film hydration method. These vesicles were compared with CLs formulation (L-1) prepared in 7:3 molar ratio of soy phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol by following the same method. These vesicles were compared for physical appearance, vesicle shape, and size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency (%DEE), deformability index (DI), in vitro percentage cumulative drug release study, and physical stability studies. The chosen optimized novel carriers were observed under scanning electron microscopy.
Results: The compared data demonstrated that the physical appearance for all vesicles was turbid and had a spherical shape. The size distribution was in the range of 129.0 nm to 273.5 nm in vesicles. The %DEE (79.0±0.94) and DI (35.0±1.9) was found maximum in TF-1 formulation that was 2.3 times higher than L-1 formulation. The in vitro percentage cumulative drug release study followed second-order polynomial kinetics that was 2.0 times higher than L-1and 2.9 times higher than the plain drug in 30 min (90.4±0.06%) from TF-1. The vesicles were found to be stable at refrigeration conditions.
Conclusion: Thus, amongst of all vesicles TW loaded TFs (TF-1) was chosen as an excellent novel vesicular carrier for hydrophilic drugs due to its higher deformability behavior than CLs that protects the certain drugs from biodegradation and provides stability.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of the Approved Tumor Mapping Protocol in Grading of Glial Tumors
Authors: Sadighi Nahid , Fallah Arzpeyma Sima , Izanlou Mohsen , Oghabian Mohamad Ali , Izanlou Mostafa , Noori Fateme , Sadeghi Joni Saeid 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of the Approved Tumor Mapping Protocol in Grading of Glial Tumors.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients aged 2 to 82 years with glial tumor. Patients were referred to the hospital for tumor mapping and underwent imaging with simultaneous methods of MRS and magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion and conventional MRI under the supervision of NIAG group. Then, the results of the second evaluation, including the ratios of the desired metabolites and the amount of blood flow, permeability of the target area were compared with the results of pathology. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 24.
Results: In this study, 30 patients were included. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for the determination of high-grade glioma with peripheral/internal rCBV were 100/100%, 100/93%, 93/100% and 100.100%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of glioma by using peripheral/internal rCBV and thresholds of 2.65 and 1.06 were 100/100%, 93/100%, 93/100% and 100/100%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were determined for diagnosis of high-grade glioma tumor using Ch + Cr / NAA Cho / Cr and Cho / NAA ratios with detection threshold of 2.97 (93.3%), 3.5 (78.9%,100%, 100%, and 73.3%), and 2.1 (100%). Threshold values of 3.5, 2.1 and 2.97 were obtained using Cho / Cr, Ch + Cr / NAA and Cho / NAA, respectively, for the detection of high-grade gliomas. The combination of rCBV, Cho / Cr, Ch + Cr / NAA and Cho / NAA had sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 67.7%, 80%, 77% and 70.5%, respectively. Significant differences in rCBV and Cho / Cr, Cho / NAA and NAA / Cr ratios were observed between low- and high-grade gliomas (P <0.0001).
Conclusion: Preoperative grading of glioma based on routine MR imaging is often unreliable. As a result, measuring rCBV and Cho / Cr and Cho / NAA ratios independently and somewhat together can significantly improve the sensitivity and predictive values of preoperative glioma grading.
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Inkuiri Terbimbing Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Juniar Anna , Mistryanto Pravil , Sapla Niru , Dewi Dewi 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to find out: 1) whether the increase in student learning outcomes taught by the Guided Inquiry model is higher than the increase in student learning outcomes taught by Conventional models; 2) whether the increase in the Science Process Skill (SPS) of students who are taught with the Guided Inquiry model is higher than the increase in the student's SPS that is taught with Conventional models; 3) is there a significant correlation between learning outcomes and student SPS through the application of Guided Inquiry model. The population of this study is all students of class XI MIA 1 Binjai Public High School and Binjai 5 Public High School year 2017/1018. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique as many as two classes. The test instrument used is 40 multiple choice questions (cognitive), 10 essay questions (SPS). The non-test instruments used were observation sheets (affective, psychomotor) and questionnaire sheets. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that there is an increase in learning outcomes, science process skills and there is a significant correlation in students who are taught by using the Guided Inquiry model higher than the increase in student learning outcomes using Conventional models.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL LAJU REAKSI BERBASIS PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (PCK) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Harahap Frisca Zahrona Utami , Roza Destria 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the PCK Chemistry module and learning outcomes on the subject matter of the reaction rate taught by the PCK Chemistry module class XI MAN 1 Medan Medan. The selected sample is class XI MIA 3 as an experimental class. The method used in this research is R&D. The module analysis results state that the average overall validation result is 3.65 which means that the module is feasible to use. While the results of the module analysis based on the respondents obtained an average of 3.70 which means that the developed PCK module is appropriate to use. This is also evidenced from student learning outcomes that are taught using the PCK chemistry module. Hypothesis testing is done by using the t-one party test that is the right side, with the results of this study at a significance level of 5% (α = 0.05) indicating that tcount> t table (12.63> 1.68) then Ho is rejected. Thus, showing chemistry learning outcomes using the PCK chemistry module is greater or equal to KKM, where an average pretest of 28.25 is obtained and an average of posttest is obtained an average of 86.04.
Analisis Problem Based Learning dan Discovery Learning menggunakan Macromedia Flash pada materi Termokimia
Authors: Panggabean Freddy Tua Musa , Harahap Muhammad Fadli 
Published: November 2020

This study aims: (1) to find out wheter the average value of student learning outcomes taught by PBL and DL models is greater than the KKM value (2) to find out whether there is class interaction and motivation on the value of student learning outcomes. This research is type of One-Group pretest-posttest Design research. The analysis technique used is: (1) One sample t-test; (2) Two Way Anava. From the analysis of the learning outcomes data obtained (1) differences in student learning outcomes (80.47 8.3336) taught by applying PBL models using macromedia flash and student learning outcomes (78.269 9.994) are taught by applying the DL model using macromedia flash where a t test of 1.684 is obtained; (2) There a Fhit price of 6.235 > Ftable 4.00 and a sig value of 0.015 < 0.05 meant that the factor A was real; inter-row results (B) have a Fhit price of 0.025 < Ftable 4.00 and a sig value of 0.975 > 0.05 means that the factor B is not real; interaction results (AB) has a Fhit price of 3.860 > Ftable 3.45 and a sig value of 0.027 < 0.05 means that the factor AB is real.
Predictors of Resilience among Indonesian Students in Malaysian Universities
Authors: Khairina Khairina , Roslan Samsilah , Ahmad Noorlila , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Mohamad Arsad Nurazidawati 
Published: November 2020

The benefits of internationalization in higher education are indisputable. However, students studying abroad may face difficulties such as adjustment issues since they are away from home and go through a new stage in their lives. Seeing that an essential predictor of psychological adjustment is resilience, the current study aims to assess the role of a range of factors (optimism, social support, self-efficacy, psychological well-being, and demographic) in predicting the resilience of Indonesian students in Malaysia. Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the influencing factors on resilience. Based on the literature, this study is quantitative in nature where a total of 229 Indonesian postgraduate students in Malaysian public universities were chosen as participants. Results showed that resilience is affected by optimism, social support, and self-efficacy. Essentially, this study provides practical insights into how international students can make adjustments to reduce the impact of stress faced in challenging situations.
Keywords: adjustment, higher education, international students, Malaysia, resilience