bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NELIOTA: Methods, statistics, and results for meteoroids impacting the Moon
Authors: Liakos A. , Bonanos A. Z. , Xilouris E. M. , Koschny D. , Bellas-Velidis I. , Boumis P. , Charmandaris V. , Dapergolas A. , Fytsilis A. , Maroussis A. , Moissl R. 
Published: December 2019

Context. This paper contains results from the first 30 months of the NELIOTA project for near-Earth objects and meteoroids impacting the lunar surface. We present our analysis of the statistics concerning the efficiency of the campaign and the parameters of the projectiles and those of their impacts.
Aims. The parameters of the lunar impact flashes are based on simultaneous observations in two wavelength bands. They are used to estimate the distributions of the masses, sizes, and frequency of the impactors. These statistics can have applications in both space engineering and science.
Methods. The photometric fluxes of the flashes are measured using aperture photometry and their apparent magnitudes are calculated using standard stars. Assuming that the flashes follow a black body law of irradiation, the temperatures can be derived analytically, while the parameters of the projectiles are estimated using fair assumptions on their velocity and luminous efficiency of the impacts.
Results. There have been 79 lunar impact flashes observed with the 1.2 m Kryoneri telescope in Greece. The masses of the meteoroids range between 0.7 g and 8 kg, and their respective sizes between 1 and 20 cm, depending on their assumed density, impact velocity, and luminous efficiency. We find a strong correlation between the observed magnitudes of the flashes and the masses of the meteoroids. Moreover, an empirical relation between the emitted energies of each band has been derived, allowing for an estimation of the physical parameters of the meteoroids that produce low energy impact flashes.
Conclusions. The NELIOTA project has so far the highest detection rate and the faintest limiting magnitude for lunar impacts compared to other ongoing programs. Based on the impact frequency distribution on the Moon, we estimate that sporadic meteoroids with typical masses less than 100 g and sizes less than 5 cm enter the mesosphere of the Earth with a rate of ~108 meteoroids h−1 and also impact Moon with a rate of ~8 meteoroids h−1.
The contrast of simplicity and accuracy in modeling multiaxial notch fatigue
Authors: Riess Christian , Obermayr Martin , Vormwald Michael 
Published: December 2019

The fatigue assessment of notches under multiaxial and non-proportional service loading is challenging. Simple models (e.g. local strain approach based on normal stress and strain) are of poor quality for this general case of stress states and ductile material behavior. Advanced approaches show high accuracy, but require additional material testing and calibration. From an engineering point of view, deviations are tolerable to a certain extent. This contribution introduces two approaches for modeling multiaxial notch fatigue which are easy to apply. The first approach is an extension of the classical local strain approach. The second approach implements a simplified multiaxial notch approximation which enables the use of the extended short crack model in practical applications.
A large database with experiments on notched components under multiaxial stresses is set up and used to validate the proposed algorithms. Results show the eﬀectiveness of both approaches for ductile steels. Both approaches can be useful for engineers who are faced to multiaxial fatigue of notched components.
Das menschliche „Gewebs“-Mikrobiom im metabolischen Syndrom: der „Leaky Gut“ Hypothese auf der Spur
Authors: Massier Lucas , Kovacs Peter 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDurch die Veränderung der intestinalen Permeabilität können Faktoren wie das Mikrobiom, Ernährung oder Medikamentengabe Einfluss auf die Entwicklung von Parametern des metabolischen Syndroms nehmen. Dabei kommt es zu Veränderungen im parazellulären Raum, durch die ein Influx von bakteriellen Bestandteilen möglich wird. Adipositas und Diabetes sind zudem mit erhöhten Endotoxinspiegeln in der von Endotoxin, z. B. über den TLR4 Rezeptor bekannt sind, ist der genaue Beitrag zu Merkmalen des metabolischen Syndroms noch unklar. Klar ist aber, dass Entzündung und Insulinresistenz erhöht werden können. Auch die Frage nach einem „Gewebs“-Mikrobiom im metabolischen Syndrom kann aufgrund der Datenlage noch nicht eindeutig beantwortet werden, denn obwohl erste Daten bakterielle DNA im Fettgewebe zeigen, gibt es auch gegensätzliche Arbeiten. Ein „Leaky Gut“ ist ein mögliches Merkmal des metabolischen Syndroms, welches zu den beobachteten Phänotypen beiträgt und, u. a. durch die erhöhte Entzündung in einem negativen Feedbackloop die intestinale Permeabilität weiter erhöhen kann.
Magnetic Resonance–Guided Prostate Ablation
Authors: Woodrum David A. , Kawashima Akira , Gorny Krzysztof R. , Mynderse Lance A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 2019, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 174,650 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed and 31,620 will die due to the prostate cancer in the United States. Prostate cancer is often managed with aggressive curative intent standard therapies including radiotherapy or surgery. Regardless of how expertly done, these standard therapies often bring significant risk and morbidity to the patient's quality of life with potential impact on sexual, urinary, and bowel functions. Additionally, improved screening programs, using prostatic-specific antigen and transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic biopsy, have identified increasing numbers of low-risk, low-grade “localized” prostate cancer. The potential, localized, and indolent nature of many prostate cancers presents a difficult decision of when to intervene, especially within the context of the possible comorbidities of aggressive standard treatments. Active surveillance has been increasingly instituted to balance cancer control versus treatment side effects; however, many patients are not comfortable with this option. Although active debate continues on the suitability of either focal or regional therapy for the low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients, no large consensus has been achieved on the adequate management approach. Some of the largest unresolved issues are prostate cancer multifocality, limitations of current biopsy strategies, suboptimal staging by accepted imaging modalities, less than robust prediction models for indolent prostate cancers, and safety and efficiency of the established curative therapies following focal therapy for prostate cancer. In spite of these restrictions, focal therapy continues to confront the current paradigm of therapy for low- and even intermediate-risk disease. It has been proposed that early detection and proper characterization may play a role in preventing the development of metastatic disease. There is level-1 evidence supporting detection and subsequent aggressive treatment of intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. Therefore, accurate assessment of cancer risk (i.e., grade and stage) using imaging and targeted biopsy is critical. Advances in prostate imaging with MRI and PET are changing the workup for these patients, and advances in MR-guided biopsy and therapy are propelling prostate treatment solutions forward faster than ever.
Guidelines for the Execution of True Spherical Osteotomies Using a Modified Dome Blade Design
Authors: Nikolaou Christos , Black Cameron , Ochoa Juan J. , Fitzpatrick Noel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the trigonometric principles of the spherical osteotomy, establish guidelines for its application and test the guidelines on bone models using a new blade design. We propose a new rule of osteotomies incorporating the outlined geometric principles, and applicable to the use of spherical cuts in veterinary orthopaedic surgery.
Materials and Methods The trigonometric principles for the execution of neutral, closing and opening spherical osteotomies were explored in silico. A modification of the existing commercially available dome blade was designed and manufactured such that it facilitated the performance of spherical osteotomy with a minimized blade radius. A pilot study was performed whereby the modified dome blade was used to create spherical osteotomy in canine radial bone models. The surfaces of the osteotomy models were laser-scanned using a three-dimensional (3D) scanner; the resultant scans were imported into and analysed using a commercial 3D analysis software. The accuracy of osteotomy execution was measured as the distance between the targeted centre of osteotomy and the actual centre of osteotomy as found on the 3D scans.
Results By utilizing the geometric principles of spherical osteotomy, an accurate osteotomy position was achieved. The centre of the spherical cut performed on bone models was confirmed to be within 5% tolerance of the location as planned in silico demonstrating the accurate and relevant clinical application of geometric principles.
Clinical Significance The trigonometric guidelines for the execution of spherical osteotomy can be applied in a pre-clinical environment with accuracy. The new guidelines combined with the proposed new rule for spherical osteotomy utilizing the new blade design are translatable into clinical application, permitting the surgeon to accurately plan osteotomy application while mitigating the significant loss of bone-to-bone contact during correction of torsional deformities inherent in the principles of dome osteotomy use.
New-day statistical thinking: A bold proposal for a radical change in practices
Authors: van Witteloostuijn Arjen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this commentary, I argue why we should stop engaging in null hypothesis statistical significance testing altogether. Artificial and misleading it may be, but we know how to play the p value threshold and null hypothesis-testing game. We feel secure; we love the certainty. The fly in the ointment is that the conventions have led to questionable research practices. Wasserstein, Schirm, & Lazar (Am Stat 73(sup1):1–19, 2019. 10.1080/00031305.2019.1583913) explain why, in their thought-provoking editorial introducing a special issue of The American Statistician: “As ‘statistical significance’ is used less, statistical thinking will be used more.” Perhaps we empirical researchers can together find a way to work ourselves out of the straitjacket that binds us.
Voltage-controlled ON switching and manipulation of magnetization via the redox transformation of β-FeOOH nanoplatelets
Authors: Nichterwitz Martin , Neitsch Sabine , Röher Stefan , Wolf Daniel , Nielsch Kornelius , Leistner Karin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Redox-based metal/metal oxide transformations achieved via electrolytic gating recently emerged as a novel, magneto-ionic route for voltage control of magnetism. So far, mainly metal or oxide thin films and nanoporous metal alloy structures are used as starting materials. The present study demonstrates a magneto-ionic transformation starting from a stable electrodeposited FeOOH nanoplatelet structure. The application of a low voltage in a Li-based electrolyte results in the reduction of the virtually non-magnetic FeOOH into ferromagnetic Fe, yielding an ON switching of magnetization. The magnetization can be tuned in a large range by the time of voltage application and remains stable after voltage-switch off. A reversible magneto-ionic change of magnetization of up to 15% is achieved in the resulting iron films with a thickness of about 30 nm. This large magneto-ionic effect is attributed to the enhanced roughness of the iron films obtained from the nanoplatelet structure. The robust, voltage-controlled, and non-volatile ON switching of magnetism starting from a stable oxide structure is promising for the development of energy-efficient magnetic switches, magnetic actuation and may offer new avenues in magnetoelectronic devices.
Q-switched Thulium-doped fibre laser using Bismuth (III) Telluride-based saturable absorber
Authors: Rusdi M F M , Cheng X S , Latiff A A , Rosol A H A , Ahmad M T , Rahman M F A , Harun SW 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate a passive Q-switched thulium-doped fibre laser (TDFL) pulse generation using bismuth (III) telluride (Bi2Te3) thin film as saturable absorber. The Bi2Te3 was fabricated by a simple processing technique; simply by embedding the Bi2Te3 into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. By sandwiching 1 mm x 1 mm Bi2Te3 thin film between two fibre ferrules in a TDFL ring cavity, a stable Q-switching pulses train was generated. The repetition rate and pulse width were tuneable from 10.72 kHz to 39.9 kHz and 13.08 µs to 5.98 µs, respectively, as the pump power increased from 309 mW to 454 mW. The slope efficiency was 4.51%, while, the maximum pulse energy was calculated as 0.17 µJ.
Development and preliminary data of integrated temperature-Insensitive lateral force sensor based on linear chirp Fiber Bragg Grating
Authors: Abushagur Abdulfatah A G , Bakar Ahmad Ashrif A , Arsad Norhana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Lateral force measurement using a cantilever ruler-beam (CRB) sensor based on linear chirp fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The lateral force is determined by altering the reflection optical power of LCFBG of which an axial-strain gradient along its sensing is induced. The reflection spectrum intensity responds linearly and monotonically with lateral force increasing from 0 to ≍ 0.6 N. Experimental results demonstrate that the CRB force sensor can successfully achieve lateral forces prediction with less than 0.0015 N resolution using simply Thorlabs PM100USB optical power meter. And can accomplish an adequate accuracy with RMS error < 0.04N of full scale (0-0.749N). The CRB is chosen in one way or another to resemble steerable catheter flexibility as our intention is to developing catheter force sensor based on temperature-insensitive contact force measurement.
Structural and magnetic properties of RE-Al substituted nanocrystalline hexaferrites (Sr1−xRExAl2Fe10O19)
Authors: Al-Garalleh Ghada A , Mahmood Sami H , Bsoul Ibrahim , Loloee Riza 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We describe the synthesis and characterization of magnetic materials with improved magnetic properties for permanent magnet applications. Sr1−x
RE
x
Al2Fe10O19 (RE = La, Ce, Tb, and Dy; x = 0.0 and 0.1) were prepared by ball milling and sintering at 1200 °C for 6 h. The effects of (Al3+–RE3+) substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of SrM hexaferrites were investigated by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements at low (5 K), and high temperatures (from room temperature to above Curie temperature). The sample with x = 0, and that with La substitution, consisted of a single SrM phase. The rest of the samples contained traces of secondary oxide phases, and exhibited a small reduction in lattice parameters compared with the unsubstituted SrFe12O19. The coercivity of the samples (8800 ≤ H

cM
≤ 9750 Oe) was more than double the standard value of the unsubstituted compound, and the Curie temperatures was >300 °C for all samples. Also, the saturation magnetization (32.5–46.4 emu g−1) was high enough to make the overall magnetic properties of these compounds potentially important for the permanent magnet industry.
Dry sliding wear performance of an annealed TiNi alloy with different nickel contents
Authors: Meddah Soumaya , Chadli Hacene , Bourebia Mounira , Montagne Alex , Iost Alain , Labaiz Mohamed , Taleb Ahlem 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The wear behaviour of the TiNi alloy tested at different conditions (2 and 4 N as applied loads and 40, 50 an 60 wt % as nickel contents) was investigated. For this purpose, two main experimental techniques consisting of wear and indentation tests were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser source profilometry were employed to reveal the wear mechanisms and the affected worn surfaces. Furthermore, design of experiments planning introducing factorial design as well as response surface was adopted to attempt predicting the coefficient friction according to the planned test parameters. Nanoindentation results showed that all the TiNi alloys are harder than a TA6V4 alloy which is commonly used in dental implant. Particularly, the TiNi60 alloy exhibited superior superelasticity, characterized by a lower E/H ratio and a higher depth recovery ratio than the TA6V4 alloy. Besides, the wear rates underwent a substantial increase with the increase of the applied load but a decrease with increasing the Ni content. The worn surfaces analyses revealed an enhanced resistance to adhesive and abrasive wear with increasing nickel content.
Comparing perspectives of family caregivers and healthcare professionals regarding caregiver burden in dementia care: results of a mixed methods study in a rural setting
Authors: Krutter Simon , Schaffler-Schaden Dagmar , Essl-Maurer Roland , Wurm Laura , Seymer Alexander , Kriechmayr Celine , Mann Eva , Osterbrink Juergen , Flamm Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPersons with dementia (PwD) need support to remain in their own homes as long as possible. Family caregivers, homecare nurses and general practitioners (GPs) play an important role in providing this support, particularly in rural settings. Assessing caregiver burden is important to prevent adverse health effects among this population. This study analysed perceived burden and needs of family caregivers of PwD in rural areas from the perspectives of healthcare professionals and family caregivers.MethodsThis was a sequential explanatory mixed methods study that used both questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Questionnaires measuring caregiver burden, quality of life and nursing needs were distributed to the caregivers; health professionals received questionnaires with adjusted items for each group. Additionally, in-depth qualitative interviews were carried out with eight family caregivers.ResultsThe cross-sectional survey population included GPs (n = 50), homecare nurses (n = 140) and family caregivers (n = 113). Healthcare professionals similarly assessed the psychosocial burden and stress caused by behavioural disturbances as most relevant. Psychological stress, social burden and disruptive behaviour (in that order) were regarded as the most important factors from the caregivers’ perspective. It was found that 31% of caregivers reported permanent or frequent caregiver overload. Eight themes related to caregiver burden emerged from the subsequent interviews with caregivers.ConclusionsProfessional support at home on an hourly basis was found to be highly relevant to prevent social isolation and compensate for lack of leisure among caregivers of PwD. Improvement of interprofessional dementia-related education is needed to ensure high-quality primary care.
Atrial fibrillation progression risk factors and associated cardiovascular outcome in well-phenotyped patients: data from the AF-RISK study
Authors: De With Ruben R , Marcos Ernaldo G , Dudink Elton A M P , Spronk Henri M , Crijns Harry J G M , Rienstra Michiel , Van Gelder Isabelle C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive disease, but identifying patients at risk for AF progression is challenging. We aimed to identify factors associated with AF progression.

Methods and results
Atrial fibrillation progression was assessed in 392 patients with recent-onset paroxysmal or persistent AF included in the prospective, observational, multicentre identification of a risk profile to guide atrial fibrillation (AF-RISK) study. Progression of AF was assessed by Holter monitoring and 2-week event recorder at baseline and 1-year follow-up. AF progression was defined as: (i) doubling in AF burden at 1 year compared to baseline with a minimum AF burden of 10% in paroxysmal AF; or (ii) transition from paroxysmal to persistent or permanent AF; or (iii) persistent to permanent AF. Age was 60 ± 11 years, 62% were men, and 83% had paroxysmal AF. At 1 year, 52 (13%) had AF progression (11% in paroxysmal; 26% in persistent AF). Multivariable logistic regression showed that left atrial volume [odds ratio (OR) per 10 mL 1.251, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.078–1.450; P &lt; 0.001], N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP; OR per standard deviation increase 1.583, 95% CI 1.099–2.281; P = 0.014), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1; OR per standard deviation increase 0.660, 95% CI 0.472–0.921; P = 0.015) were associated with AF progression. In an additional follow-up of 1.9 (0.9–3.3) years patients with AF progression developed more cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality (12.4%/year vs. 2.3%/year, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Atrial fibrillation progression occurred in 13% of patients with recent-onset AF during 1-year follow-up. Left atrial volume, NT-proBNP, and PAI-1 were associated with AF progression. Patients with AF progression had a higher event rate.

Trial registration number
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01510210.
Secondary stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Christensen Mathias Aagaard , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup , Bonde Anders Nissen , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Gislason Gunnar H , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gundlund Anna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy as secondary stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unexplored and poses a clinical treatment dilemma. We assessed the long-term risk of thromboembolic events according to post-stroke OAC therapy in AF patients with CKD after their first ischaemic stroke.

Methods and results
We identified Danish AF patients with CKD who presented with first-time ischaemic stroke from 2005 to 2014. Chronic kidney disease was defined as a diagnosis code for CKD before baseline, defined as 100 days after stroke discharge. Post-stroke antithrombotic therapy (OAC therapy and antiplatelet therapy) was identified from prescription claims from discharge to baseline. Cumulative incidences and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of thromboembolic events according to post-stroke OAC therapy were examined. Of 1252 AF patients with CKD presenting with ischaemic stroke, 631 (50.4%) patients were on OAC therapy and 621 (49.6%) were on antiplatelet therapy alone at baseline [median age 76 (interquartile range, IQR 71–83) and 80 (IQR 72–86), respectively]. The median follow-up period was 1.9 years (IQR 0.8–3.6). Cumulative incidence rates of thromboembolic events and bleeding showed no significant difference between those on OAC therapy and antiplatelet therapy. The results from the multivariable analysis revealed similar results: thromboembolic risk was not modified by OAC treatment [adjusted HR 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–1.09] nor was the risk of bleeding (adjusted HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.67–1.17).

Conclusion
Oral anticoagulation in patients with CKD and prior stroke was not associated with a reduced risk of recurrent thromboembolic events compared with antiplatelet therapy.