bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications in urological cancers
Authors: Wang Xiao , Xie Haiyun , Ying Yufan , Chen Danni , Li Jiangfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEpigenetics has long been a hot topic in the field of scientific research. The scope of epigenetics usually includes chromatin remodelling, DNA methylation, histone modifications, non‐coding RNAs and RNA modifications. In recent years, RNA modifications have emerged as important regulators in a variety of physiological processes and in disease progression, especially in human cancers. Among the various RNA modifications, m6A is the most common. The function of m6A modifications is mainly regulated by 3 types of proteins: m6A methyltransferases (writers), m6A demethylases (erasers) and m6A‐binding proteins (readers). In this review, we focus on RNA m6A modification and its relationship with urological cancers, particularly focusing on its roles and potential clinical applications.
Entomopathogenic fungus isolates for adult Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) management and their compatibility with Tuta pheromone
Authors: Akutse Komivi S. , Subramanian Sevgan , Khamis Fathiya M. , Ekesi Sunday , Mohamed Samira A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTomato, Solanum lycopersicum, is a widely consumed and economically important vegetable in the tropics. However, its production and productivity have been recently hampered by the invasive Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a key pest of tomato causing extensive economic damage in Africa. Currently, the commonly used management strategy is synthetic insecticides with hazardous effects on humans and environment. The application of entomopathogenic fungal and viral‐based biopesticides is promising alternatives. To identify potent strains, pathogenicity of dry conidia of 12 Metarhizium anisopliae isolates was evaluated against adult T. absoluta. Further effects of the most potent isolates on pupation through the late 4th instar larval infection, adult emergence and horizontal transmission of inoculum were assessed. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 18, ICIPE 20 and ICIPE 665 outperformed the other isolates causing adult mortality of 95.0%, 87.5% and 86.25%, respectively. The three potent isolates differed significantly for LT50 values of 5.13, 3.17 and 2.38 days for ICIPE 18, ICIPE 20 and ICIPE 665, respectively. Pupation and adult emergence were significantly reduced by these potent isolates, which were also compatible with Tuta pheromone (TUA‐Optima®) with ≥90% conidial germination 24 hr post‐exposure. These potent isolates could be developed as effective biopesticides and used in combination with TUA‐Optima® for mass trapping and autodissemination for T. absoluta management in solanaceous crop production systems.
Frequent visits to various anvils during tool use by the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus (Labridae)
Authors: Pryor Kimberley J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigated tool use by the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus in New Caledonia. Anvils included rocks, a conical shell, flat dead corals and a concrete mooring. Sixteen tool‐use events were observed in 10 h. A tool‐use event often involved more than one anvil (44%). On average, C. graphicus struck prey six times and spent 84 s at an anvil. The only prey items brought to anvils were bivalve and gastropod molluscs. These results provide a foundation for future research on tool use in fishes.
Static material flow analysis of neodymium in China
Authors: Geng Jingxuan , Hao Han , Sun Xin , Xun Dengye , Liu Zongwei , Zhao Fuquan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeodymium is one of the most important enabling materials for next‐generation clean technologies, especially electric vehicles and wind turbines. As the world's largest producer of rare earth minerals, China dominates the global neodymium supply and a considerable amount of primary neodymium resources are from illegal mining. Many studies have been conducted on the material flow of neodymium in different regions, but few studies focus on China. In this study, a static material flow analysis of neodymium is conducted to quantitatively analyze the industrial chain structure of neodymium in China and to calculate the neodymium output from illegal mining. The results quantitatively depict the neodymium material flow of each stage of China's neodymium industrial chain in 2016, which indicates that 12.3–17.0 kt of primary neodymium resources were from illegal mining. On the basis of the results, reasonable conclusions can be drawn that the recycling of neodymium from end‐of‐life products provides an important opportunity to both reduce illegal rare earth mining and cope with increasing neodymium demand.
Mimicking SIV chimpanzee viral evolution toward HIV‐1 during cross‐species transmission
Authors: Schmitt Kimberly , Curlin James , Remling‐Mulder Leila , Moriarty Ryan , Goff Kelly , O’Connor Shelby , Stenglein Mark , Marx Preston , Akkina Ramesh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHIV‐1 evolved from SIV during cross‐species transmission events, though viral genetic changes are not well understood. Here, we studied the evolution of SIVcpzLB715 into HIV‐1 Group M using humanized mice. High viral loads, rapid CD4+ T‐cell decline, and non‐synonymous substitutions were identified throughout the viral genome suggesting viral adaptation.
Accessory ovary may be a treatment for infertility: Case report and review of current literatures
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Ye , Tang Xue‐Ling , Zhang Fei‐Lei , Yang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccessory ovary is a type of ovarian dysplasia, which is often defined as an ovarian tissue placed near and directly connected to the normal ovary or one of ovarian ligaments. It is often asymptomatic, mostly is found or diagnosed at laparotomy, laparoscopy or autopsy. Accessory ovary is often excised during surgery due to its potential malignant behavior. We report a case of endometriosis cyst occurred simultaneously in right side of orthotopic and accessory ovaries, together with torsion 180° of accessory ovarian cyst. Considering that the patient had not given birth and the large size of cysts, exploratory laparotomy was performed. During laparotomy, both site of ovarian cyst have been removed with orthotopic and accessory ovarian tissues preserved. After surgery, a large number of antral follicles were found both in right side of orthotopic and accessory ovaries by ultrasonography. Accessory ovary is considered to have physiological function, and can be preserved as a fertility protection measure for women who have fertility requirements. At present, the definition of ectopic ovary, accessory ovary and supernumerary ovary are very vague and rarely discussed separately. So, we proposed a new way to clarify the concepts of ectopic ovary, accessory ovary and supernumerary ovary. Moreover, we advocated that they should be discussed separately in terms of definition and management measures.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with dysmenorrhea in early adulthood: A cohort study
Authors: Nakayama Midori , Ono Masanori , Iizuka Takashi , Kagami Kyosuke , Fujiwara Tomoko , Sekizuka‐Kagami Naomi , Maida Yoshiko , Obata Takeshi , Yamazaki Rena , Daikoku Takiko , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are serious conditions that occur in 5–10% of pregnancies. Maternal factors, such as maternal age, obesity, and renal disease, have been described as risk factors. In order to extract the background lifestyle and gynecological characteristics for HDP, we conducted a prospective cohort study.MethodsPregnant participants were administered a questionnaire on characteristics, menstrual abnormalities and lifestyle factors. The women were followed individually until 1‐month postpartum. We used medical records to examine the relationship between menstrual abnormalities and the onset of HDP.ResultsWe collected data from 193 pregnant women, and excluding 3 who had miscarriage, examined the records of 190. A total of 26 patients developed HDP, of which 10 had early‐onset HDP and 16 had late‐onset HDP. Although there was no significant association between HDP and dysmenorrhea just prior to pregnancy, there was a significant increase in the incidence of HDP in patients who experienced dysmenorrhea around the age of 20 years (odds ratio 4.362 [95% CI 1.61–11.81]).ConclusionWe found that patients with a history of dysmenorrhea around the age of 20 years have a significantly higher risk of developing HDP. Although dysmenorrhea in young adulthood is ameliorated, it may become apparent as a perinatal disease when a physical load such as pregnancy is applied.
Calcium channel blockers, survival and ischaemic stroke in patients with dementia: a Swedish registry study
Authors: Kalar I. , Xu H. , Secnik J. , Schwertner E. , Kramberger M. G. , Winblad B. , von Euler M. , Eriksdotter M. , Garcia‐Ptacek S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of calcium channel blockers (CCB) on mortality and ischaemic stroke risk in dementia patients is understudied.ObjectivesTo calculate the risk of death and ischaemic stroke in dementia patients treated with CCBs, considering individual agents and dose response.MethodsLongitudinal cohort study with 18 906 hypertensive dementia patients from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), 2008–2014. Other Swedish national registries contributed information on comorbidities, dispensed medication and outcomes. Individual CCB agents and cumulative defined daily doses (cDDD) were considered.ResultsIn patients with hypertension and dementia, nifedipine was associated with increased mortality risk (aHR 1.32; CI 1.01–1.73;P < 0.05) compared to non‐CCB users. Patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) or dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson’s disease dementia (DLB‐PDD) taking amlodipine had lower mortality risk (aHR, 0.89; CI, 0.80–0.98;P < 0.05 and aHR 0.58; CI, 0.38–0.86;P < 0.01, respectively), than those taking other CCBs. Amlodipine was associated with lower stroke risk in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia compared to other CCBs (aHR 0.63; CI, 0.44–0.89;P < 0.05).Sensitivity analyses with propensity score‐matched cohorts repeated the results for nifedipine (aHR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.02–1.78;P < 0.05) and amlodipine in AD (aHR, 0.87; CI, 0.78–0.97;P < 0.05) and DLB‐PDD (aHR, 0.56, 95%CI, 0.37–0.85;P < 0.05).ConclusionAmlodipine was associated with reduced mortality risk in dementia patients diagnosed with AD and DLB‐PDD. AD patients using amlodipine had a lower risk of ischaemic stroke compared to other CCB users.
Complex Rehabilitation for an Adolescent with Ectodermal Dysplasia—A 10‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Sun Xiaodi , Yang Jing , Ma Xiaoli , Liu Songyun , Zhang Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMaxillofacial rehabilitation of patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) often presents clinical challenges due to hypodontia and hypoplastic alveolar bone. This clinical report describes a 16‐year‐old patient suffering from ED who displayed severe hypodontia, maxillary retrusion and thin knife‐edge alveolar crest. This patient was treated with distraction osteogenesis and a bone graft harvested from the iliac crest to correct maxillary retrusion and bone insufficiency. Six months later, implants were inserted. Then, implant‐supported overdentures were completed. Although a new implant was reinserted during the 10‐year follow‐up, the results showed that combination surgical treatment achieved a predictable, functional and esthetic outcome in a patient suffering from ED.
C2C12 cell model: its role in understanding of insulin resistance at the molecular level and pharmaceutical development at the preclinical stage
Authors: Wong Chun Y , Al-Salami Hani , Dass Crispin R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The myoblast cell line, C2C12, has been utilised extensively in vitro as an examination model in understanding metabolic disease progression. Although it is indispensable in both preclinical and pharmaceutical research, a comprehensive review of its use in the investigation of insulin resistance progression and pharmaceutical development is not available.

Key findings
C2C12 is a well-documented model, which can facilitate our understanding in glucose metabolism, insulin signalling mechanism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species and glucose transporters at cellular and molecular levels. With the aid of the C2C12 model, recent studies revealed that insulin resistance has close relationship with various metabolic diseases in terms of disease progression, pathogenesis and therapeutic management. A holistic, safe and effective disease management is highly of interest. Therefore, significant efforts have been paid to explore novel drug compounds and natural herbs that can elicit therapeutic effects in the targeted sites at both cellular (e.g. mitochondria, glucose transporter) and molecular level (e.g. genes, signalling pathway).

Summary
The use of C2C12 myoblast cell line is meaningful in pharmaceutical and biomedical research due to their expression of GLUT-4 and other features that are representative to human skeletal muscle cells. With the use of the C2C12 cell model, the impact of drug delivery systems (nanoparticles and quantum dots) on skeletal muscle, as well as the relationship between exercise, pancreatic β-cells and endothelial cells, was discovered.
Sleep‐disordered breathing in patients with stroke‐induced dysphagia
Authors: Estai Mohamed , Walsh Jennifer , Maddison Kathleen , Shepherd Kelly , Hillman David , McArdle Nigel , Baker Vanessa , King Stuart , Al‐Obaidi Zeena , Bamagoos Ahmad , Parry Reece , Langdon Claire , Trzaskowski Robyn , Harris Geraldine , Brookes Kim , Blacker David , Eastwood Peter R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examined the nature and characteristics of sleep‐disordered breathing, including obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea, in patients with post‐stroke dysphagia, to determine the demographic, anthropometric and clinical variables that were associated with sleep‐disordered breathing. Thirty‐nine patients diagnosed with acute stroke (28 males and 11 females with a mean age of 72.3 ± 10.0 years) underwent overnight polysomnography (within 3.9 ± 1.6 days after admission). Sleep‐disordered breathing was described by the apnea–hypopnea index and its obstructive and central components by the obstructive apnea–hypopnea index and central apnea–hypopnea index, respectively. Severity of dysphagia was assessed using the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability score. Severity of stroke and functional dependence were assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and the modified Barthel index, respectively. Most of the cohort (87%) had moderate‐to‐severe dysphagia (Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability of 143.2 ± 19.9). Sleep‐disordered breathing (apnea‐hypopnea index ≥ 5 events/hr) was present in 38 participants (97%) with a mean apnea–hypopnea index of 37.5 ± 24.4 events/hr. Sleep‐disordered breathing was predominantly obstructive in nature, with a mean obstructive apnea–hypopnea index and central apnea–hypopnea index of 19.6 ± 15.7 and 11.4 ± 17.6 events/hr, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the apnea–hypopnea index was associated with sex (p = .0001), body mass index (p = .029) and the modified Barthel index (p = .006); the obstructive apnea–hypopnea index was associated with the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (p = .006), sex (p = .004) and body mass index (p = .015) and had a nonlinear relationship with the modified Barthel index (p = .019); and the central apnea–hypopnea index was associated with sex (p = .027) and the modified Barthel index (p = .019). The present study showed that dysphagia severity was associated with obstructive sleep apnea severity and this association was independent of sex, modified Barthel index and body mass index. However, stroke‐induced dysphagia was not associated with central sleep apnea or overall sleep‐disordered breathing.
Learning to read: where should early childhood educators begin?
Authors: Nicholas Maria , Rouse Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLearning to read is a process that begins well before children commence formal schooling and well before children learn to decode print. Children's early reading skills are, first and foremost, foundationally contingent upon children's oral language and phonological awareness proficiencies – skills that can be mapped across a continuum of development from speech‐to‐print. Nine educators from Victoria, Australia, were interviewed, asked to share their understandings and planning for literacy learning when working with 2–3‐year‐old children. Findings showed that the educators exposed children to opportunities to develop their communication and oral language skills, privileging general conversation and storybook reading. However, some educators appeared unaware of the various stages of phonological awareness and/or appeared to privilege phonics over and above earlier stages of development. The authors recommend that educators, managers and course designers seeking to support young children's emergent literacy development use a framework such as the one presented in this paper to evaluate their knowledges/practices/programmes and that further, larger scale research be conducted that compares educators' interview data with what they do in practice.
ABCB11 deficiency presenting as transient neonatal cholestasis: Correlation with genotypes and BSEP expression
Authors: Li Li‐Ting , Li Zhong‐Die , Yang Ye , Lu Yi , Xie Xin‐Bao , Chen Lian , Feng Jia‐Yan , Knisely A. S. , Wang Jian‐She 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsABCB11 deficiency presenting in infancy is believed generally to manifest as persistent/progressive cholestasis. We describe a group of patients with biallelic ABCB11 variants whose disorder manifested as transient neonatal cholestasis (TNC).MethodsNeonatal intrahepatic cholestasis in 68 children (31 males) with biallelic predictedly pathogenic variants (PPV) in ABCB11 was classified as transient (TNC group, n = 23, 11 males), intermittent (benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis [BRIC] group, n = 3, 1 male) or persistent/ progressive (progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis [PFIC] group, n = 42, 19 males). Clinical, genetic and bile salt export pump (BSEP) expression information was correlated with outcomes.ResultsThe median onset age of jaundice was 3 days (birth to 2 months) for the TNC group and 10.5 days (birth to 3 months) for the PFIC group (P = .034). The median length of follow‐up of TNC patients was 44 months (12 months‐168 months). At presentation, hepatobiliary‐injury biomarker values were similar between the groups (P > .05). TNC patients (17/23) more often than PFIC patients (20/42, P = .041) harboured biallelic non‐null variants (predicted not to terminate translation prematurely). TNC patient livers (7/7) more often than PFIC patient livers (5/16, P = .005) expressed immunohistochemically detectable BSEP. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed better prognosis for patients with BSEP expression (P = .009). Too few BRIC patients were available for statistical study.ConclusionsNeonatal cholestasis associated with biallelic PPV in ABCB11 can resolve temporarily or persistently in one third of cases. Resolution is more likely in patients with biallelic non‐null PPV or with liver BSEP expression.
Model risk in credit risk
Authors: Fontana Roberto , Luciano Elisa , Semeraro Patrizia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe provide sharp analytical upper and lower bounds for value‐at‐risk (VaR) and sharp bounds for expected shortfall (ES) of portfolios of any dimension subject to default risk. To do so, the main methodological contribution of the paper consists in analytically finding the convex hull generators for the class of exchangeable Bernoulli variables with given mean and for the class of exchangeable Bernoulli variables with given mean and correlation in any dimension. Using these analytical results, we first describe all possible dependence structures for default, in the class of finite sequences of exchangeable Bernoulli random variables. We then measure how model risk affects VaR and ES.
Organic contamination on the surface of meteorites as a function of space and time: A case study of the Buzzard Coulee H4 chondrite
Authors: Tunney Libby D. , Herd Christopher D. K. , Hilts Robert W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study of organic compounds in astromaterials represents a unique window into organic matter in the interstellar medium, the solar nebula, and asteroid parent bodies, and insights into pathways that may relate organic matter in these diverse environments. Unfortunately, the Earth’s surface is awash in organic material, which forms a significant source of contamination, especially for specimens of meteorite falls. Here, we employ specimens of the Buzzard Coulee H4 ordinary chondrite, the fall of which in western Saskatchewan, Canada, on November 20, 2008 was widely documented, and from which meteorites were recovered starting shortly after the fall and continuing to over 10 years later. The low intrinsic organic matter content of these H4 specimens enables their use as “blanks” for terrestrial contamination. Using dichloromethane rinses of meteorite specimen exteriors, and analysis of organic compounds by gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometry, we document the sources of terrestrial contamination as a function of location, time of collection relative to the fall, and curation and handling since collection. We find numerous terrestrial organic compounds, most of which can be attributed to the terrestrial surface on which the meteorite specimens were collected, and we consider a variety of factors that may influence the degree of contamination. To determine the source of each contaminant more accurately, we advocate for the collection of terrestrial materials (e.g., soil, vegetation) alongside meteorites. Our results have implications for how specimens from meteorite falls—especially for meteorites expected to have high intrinsic organic content—are collected, documented, and curated.
Living on Borrowed Breath: Respiratory Distress, Social Breathing, and the Vital Movement of Ventilators
Authors: Solomon Harris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBased on ethnographic research in a public hospital trauma intensive care unit in Mumbai, India, this article formulates the concept of “social breathing” to analyze how breath is central to values of life at the edges of death. Case studies of emergency resuscitation, intubation, and ventilation each illustrate breathing's sociality, as people and machines move air both materially and immaterially. Amid the hospital's rationing of life support technologies, forms of life that seem to be self‐regulated are better understood as relational movements of breath. Social breathing stands to reshape our understanding of the biopolitics of intensive care by drawing attention to uncertain techniques of the body. These techniques move at the hinge between person and environment, self and other, public and private health care systems, and medicine and machine. Life's valuation at this hinge takes shape through breath moving against its limits. Ultimately, the article argues that it is crucial to understand how ventilators mediate the edges of life and death by tracing the circulations of life support as the movements of life itself. As patients, families, and hospital workers struggle to make and manage breath, we might better grapple with the social relations that emerge as life support shapes life.