bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military veterans on the board and executive compensation
Authors: Li Zhe , Rainville Megan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between independent director military service and monitoring effectiveness, focusing on chief executive officer (CEO) compensation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors identify independent directors with military experience using BoardEx data. The authors focus on the level of CEO compensation. The methods used include panel data estimation, propensity score matching analysis and instrumental variable analysis.FindingsThe authors find more powerful CEOs are more likely to appoint independent directors with past military service to the board. Boards with a larger proportion of independent directors with military experience tend to award higher levels of CEO compensation. Moreover, the positive relationship between independent directors with military experience and executive compensation is stronger when the CEO is more powerful.Originality/valueThis paper examines a relatively unexplored director background, directors with military experience, and finds this type of independent director is associated with weak monitoring. The authors contribute to the literature examining the effect of executive and board member military experience on corporations. The authors identify weak monitoring of powerful CEOs as a potential weakness of directors with military experience. This drawback should be considered before appointing a director with military experience to the board.
Creation of an OHS knowledge portal: an action research
Authors: Laroche Elena , Patoine Marie-Josée 
Published: September 2020

PurposeResearch findings stress the importance of adapting prevention mechanisms to the contexts experienced in the workplace. This paper presents the development and implementation of a knowledge portal that includes a range of Internet-based resources to support the prevention measures implemented by occupational health and safety (OHS) union delegates. It describes the process used to develop a knowledge portal that takes into account the needs of communities and unions as well as the constraints expressed.Design/methodology/approachThe approach chosen for this project was action research, in which data collection results in various readjustment loops that allow for reflection and situational assessment. Data were collected from documentation, meetings, questionnaires and focus groups. The readjustment loops led to the implementation of a solution based on sustainability.FindingsAfter studying the context, needs and constraints, the results suggest that for a knowledge portal to stand out, it must be consistent with classroom training, include a pedagogical approach that facilitates the transfer of knowledge, be interesting to all workers, be able to adapt to the characteristics of users and use technologies that reach across time, space and connection tools.Originality/valueThis knowledge portal is the result of interactions and collaborations between the university and the community, an interesting way to develop a solution. It sheds light on the fact that the action research process needs to be documented throughout the process and creation cycles in order to facilitate the sharing of the results obtained.
Critical success factors for adopting building information modelling (BIM) and lean construction practices on construction mega-projects: a Delphi survey
Authors: Evans Martin , Farrell Peter , Mashali Ayman , Zewein Wael 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate critical success factors (CSFs) that enhance integration between building information modelling (BIM) and lean construction (LC) practices on construction mega-projects. BIM and LC have gained momentum in the past decade.Design/methodology/approachThe Delphi survey technique was used to gauge opinions of a panel of 16 experts through a two-round Delphi questionnaire survey. Panel responses were scrutinised using inferential and descriptive statistical techniques.FindingsIn total, 30 CSFs were identified in the literature. The top ranked factor out of 30 that supports LeanBIM synergy was “collaboration in design, construction works and engineering management”. Other top rated CSFs were centric on people, data and technology elements. The research findings are important for project stakeholders, organisations, contractors, engineers and local authorities who implement LC and BIM synergies in construction mega-projects.Originality/valueThe research findings are important for project stakeholders, organisations, contractors, engineers and local authorities who implement LC and BIM synergies in construction mega-projects. The research recommends further hands-on training to increase the integration of BIM and LC practices in the architecture, engineering and construction industry and to enrich the extant body of knowledge in construction of mega-projects.
Optimising human resource system strength in nurturing affective commitment: Do all meta‐features matter?
Authors: Bos‐Nehles Anna , Conway Edel , Fox Grace 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aims to examine three propositions of how human resource (HR) system strength meta‐features—distinctiveness, consistency and consensus—operate together to better understand how they relate to affective commitment. We test a continuum proposition based on an additive (the sum of all features) and a compensatory model (the features as counteractive), a precursor proposition based on a mediation model, and an equifinality proposition based on a configurational model (distinguishing between different profiles of the features). The findings, drawn from a survey of 2844 part‐time employees from a Dutch home care organisation, demonstrate that all three meta‐features are important for generating HR management system strength and affective commitment among employees, but not to the same extent. We also find evidence that consistency is positively and directly related, whereas distinctiveness and consensus are positively and indirectly related to affective commitment via consistency.
Weekly split‐dose regimen for oral methotrexate reduced polyglutamation in red blood cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with single‐dose regimen: Results from a multicentered randomized control trial
Authors: Nagaoka Shouhei , Katayama Kou , Kasama Tsuyoshi , Sato Masao , Ohno Shigeru , Amasaki Yoshiharu , Kataoka Hiroshi , Furusaki Akira , Kon Yujiro , Okamoto Masahiro , Sasano Minoru , Sagawa Akira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsWe compared the incidence of adverse events between single and divided‐dose regimens of methotrexate (MTX) by using a multicenter randomized controlled trial.MethodsEighty‐nine patients with insufficient control on MTX 8 mg/wk were randomly assigned into single‐dose (39 patients) or triple dose (39 patients) groups. The MTX dose for all patients was gradually increased to 16 mg/wk. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of liver dysfunction during the observation period (20 weeks).ResultsThere were no differences in baseline data and MTX dose at Week 20 between groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of liver dysfunction between groups (single dose, 3 [7.7%] patients vs. triple dose, 5 [13.2%] patients; P = .455). The incidence of adverse event increased in triple dose (single dose, 12 [30.8%] patients vs. triple dose, 20 [51.3%]), but the difference was not significant (P = .066). There was no significant difference in disease activity between groups, although MTX‐triglutamate (PG3), MTX‐PG4, and MTX‐PG5 were significantly higher in the single dose group.ConclusionsWeekly split dosing reduced the polyglutamation of MTX. There was no significant difference in efficacy and safety between the 2 groups.
Resistance to compressive force in continuous chelation
Authors: Wright Patricia P. , Scott Suzanne , Shetty Sowmya , Kahler Bill , Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContinuous chelation involves the simultaneous use of sodium hypochlorite and a chelating agent. Given the combination of a proteolytic agent and a demineralising chelator, this study aimed to investigate whether mixtures containing the weak chelators etidronate or clodronate and sodium hypochlorite could adversely affect the mechanical strength of teeth compared to the sequence sodium hypochlorite/EDTA/sodium hypochlorite. Matching pairs of bovine teeth were tested on a universal testing machine, and the compressive load at fracture was recorded. One root from each pair was prepared with the sequence, and the matching tooth was prepared with either water, the clodronate mixture or the etidronate mixture. No differences in load at fracture were seen between either mixture and the sequence. However, loads were higher in the teeth irrigated with water compared to the sequence. The results indicated that the continuous chelation mixtures did not alter tooth mechanical properties compared to the standard sequence.
Radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Effect of gold fiducial markers on diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tanaka Osamu , Maejima Ryoshu , Yama Eiichi , Taniguchi Takuya , Ono Kousei , Makita Chiyoko , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThere has been an increase in the use of gold fiducial markers to ensure precise radiotherapy delivery in prostate cancer patients. However, metal artifacts may affect the quality of subsequent imaging used to assess disease status following treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effect of gold fiducial markers on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).Material and methodsAmong 57 patients with prostate cancer, 21 patients in whom two gold markers were placed in the prostate tumor with abnormal signal intensity on DWI were evaluated. The effect of the markers on DWI was evaluated on a scale of 1‐5, with a high score indicating clinical usefulness. Change inapparent diffusion coefficient (ADC; 10−3 mm2/s) from before to after marker placement was also evaluated.ResultsThe mean effect of the markers on DWI was 4.3 (standard deviation [SD] 1.3, range 2–5) points. The mean change in ADC was 0.045 (SD 0.041, range 0.025‐0.089) × 10−3 mm2/s.ConclusionsThe gold fiducial markers demonstrated negligible effect on DWI quality. Therefore, gold markers do not affect MRI quality, particularly DWI, and may be used during follow‐up in prostate cancer patients.
Differentiated timing of induction for women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy—A historical cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Julie Helmer , Lykke Jacob Alexander 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy‐specific liver disease characterized by pruritus and abnormal liver function tests and it has been associated with intrauterine fetal distress and stillbirth. We compared two guidelines of the management of ICP: one mandating induction at 38 weeks of gestation (Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital before 2012) and another separating ICP into mild and severe forms, and only women with severe ICP were recommended for induction at 38 weeks (Hvidovre Hospital after 2012).Material and methodsWe performed a historical cohort study at two Copenhagen Hospitals from 2004 to 2015. We included 62 937 women with singleton deliveries at Rigshospitalet and 71 015 at Hvidovre Hospital, of whom 971 women (1.5%) and 998 women (1.4%) were diagnosed with ICP at Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, respectively. Data were retrieved from a local medical database. For the analysis of induction and comparison of obstetrical outcomes we only included pregnancies with an ICP diagnosis and excluded women with other medical conditions that could mandate induction. Main outcome measures were induction and cesarean section rates, asphyxia and stillbirth.ResultsWe found no changes in the rate of spontaneous labor, cesarean section and induction over the years at Rigshospitalet (P = .17) and Hvidovre Hospital (P = .38). For women with intended vaginal delivery we found no change in the final mode of delivery over the years at Rigshospitalet (P = .28) and Hvidovre Hospital (P = .57).ConclusionsThe two approaches to the management of mild ICP regarding the timing of induction are comparable. Women with mild ICP and their clinicians should be encouraged to engage in shared decision‐making when discussing timing of induction.
Pre‐transplant short physical performance battery: Response to pre‐habilitation and relationship to pre‐ and early post–lung‐transplant outcomes
Authors: Wickerson Lisa , Rozenberg Dmitry , Gottesman Chaya , Helm Denise , Mathur Sunita , Singer Lianne G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether the short physical performance battery (SPPB) pre‐lung transplant (LTx) was responsive to pre‐habilitation and predicted pre‐ and early post‐transplant outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study of LTx candidates accepted for transplant between 2016 and 2017. SPPB was categorized as frail/pre‐frail (≤9/12) and non‐frail (≥10/12).Results150 patients had LTx assessment SPPB data (53% male, 61 [52‐67] years, 59% had interstitial lung disease (ILD), 26% frail/pre‐frail). 131 (87%) underwent transplant by December 31, 2018. Adjusting for age, sex, diagnosis and Canadian transplant listing urgency, and frailty/pre‐frailty at LTx assessment was associated with a lower 6MWD pre‐transplant [−89 meters 95%CI (−125 to −53), P < .0001]. 62 patients underwent six weeks of pre‐habilitation. SPPB increased (11 [10‐12) vs. 12 [11‐12], P = .01) reflected in the chair stand component (11.4 ± 4.4 vs. 9.8 ± 2.8 seconds, P = .007), with larger improvements in the frail/pre‐frail group. A frail/pre‐frail SPPB closest to the time of transplant was associated with a lower 6MWD [−77 m 95%CI (−128 to −25), P = .004] but not with hospital length of stay or gait aid use three months post‐transplant.ConclusionsFrailty/pre‐frailty was associated with a decreased 6MWD pre‐ and post‐transplant. The SPPB increased following pre‐habilitation, which may reflect increased lower extremity strength.
Parental expectations before and after 12‐month experience with video consultations combined with regular outpatient care for children with type 1 diabetes: a qualitative study
Authors: von Sengbusch S. , Doerdelmann J. , Lemke S. , Lange K. , Hiort O. , Katalinic A. , Frielitz F. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo explore parents’ expectations of the perceived barriers to and benefits of 1 year of monthly video consultations combined with regular outpatient care of children with type 1 diabetes.MethodsThe Virtual Diabetes Outpatient Clinic for Children and Youth (VIDIKI) study was a controlled, multicentre, perennial study with 240 participants from northern Germany. Fifty‐four qualitative interviews with parents were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Before the intervention, 30 interviews were conducted to assess parents’ expectations, and after 1 year, 24 interviews evaluated the experienced benefits and barriers to video consultations.ResultsFour main topics were identified from parents’ responses to the video consultation. The main advantages of the video consultation compared with standard care were a higher frequency of contact for optimized insulin dosing and saving time; difficulties with internet connections were identified as the main barrier. A feeling of increased confidence with respect to insulin dosing was directly associated with telemedicine. Digital prescriptions and meeting the same diabetologist in both outpatient and telemedical care were mentioned as important improvements. The majority of interviewees preferred intervals of 4–6 weeks between video consultations.ConclusionThe higher frequency of contact with the diabetes team was considered a great relief by parents of children with type 1 diabetes. Apart from the time savings and flexibility in appointments, the most important advantages were the higher frequency of contact leading to short‐term therapy adjustments and an increase in the ability to adjust therapy independently. (German Clinical Trials Registry No: DRKS00012645).
Caffeine enhances BOLD responses to electrical whisker pad stimulation in rats during alpha‐chloralose anaesthesia
Authors: Shih Cheng‐Ting , Chiu Shao‐Chieh , Peng Shin‐Lei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBy reducing the cerebral blood flow and thereby increasing the resting deoxyhaemoglobin concentration, many human studies have shown that caffeine has a beneficial effect on enhancing the magnitude of blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) responses. However, the effect of caffeine on BOLD responses in animals under anaesthesia has not been demonstrated. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of systemic caffeine administration on BOLD responses in rats under alpha‐chloralose. By applying electric whisker pad stimulation to male Sprague‐Dawley rats, we performed fMRI measurements before and after the caffeine injection (40 mg/kg, n = 7) or an equivalent volume of saline (n = 6) at 7T. To understand the potential perturbation of animal physiology during stimulation, arterial blood pressure was measured in a separate group of animals (n = 3) outside the scanner. Caffeine significantly decreased baseline BOLD signals (p = .05) due to the increased deoxyhaemoglobin level. Both BOLD responses and t‐values in the primary somatosensory cortex were significantly increased (both p < .05). The blood pressure changed insignificantly (p > .05). No significant differences in BOLD responses and t‐values were observed in the control condition of saline injection (both p > .05). These findings suggested that, although the cerebral activity was lower under alpha‐chloralose anaesthesia, the higher level of deoxygemoglobin at the baseline under the caffeinated condition can benefit the magnitude of BOLD responses in rats. These findings suggest that animal models might serve as potential platforms for further caffeine‐related fMRI research studies.
Ecology and evolution of cycad‐feeding Lepidoptera
Authors: Whitaker Melissa R. L. , Salzman Shayla 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCycads are an ancient group of tropical gymnosperms that are toxic to most animals – including humans – though the larvae of many moths and butterflies (order: Lepidoptera) feed on cycads with apparent immunity. These insects belong to distinct lineages with varying degrees of specialisation and diverse feeding ecologies, presenting numerous opportunities for comparative studies of chemically mediated eco‐evolutionary dynamics. This review presents the first evolutionary evaluation of cycad‐feeding among Lepidoptera along with a comprehensive review of their ecology. Our analysis suggests that multiple lineages have independently colonised cycads from angiosperm hosts, yet only a few clades appear to have radiated following their transitions to cycads. Defensive traits are likely important for diversification, as many cycad specialists are warningly coloured and sequester cycad toxins. The butterfly family Lycaenidae appears to be particularly predisposed to cycad‐feeding and several cycadivorous lycaenids are warningly coloured and chemically defended. Cycad–herbivore interactions provide a promising but underutilised study system for investigating plant–insect coevolution, convergent and divergent adaptations, and the multi‐trophic significance of defensive traits; therefore the review ends by suggesting specific research gaps that would be fruitfully addressed in Lepidoptera and other cycad‐feeding insects.
Cortical inexcitability defines an adverse clinical profile in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dharmadasa T. , Howells J. , Matamala J. M. , Simon N. G. , Burke D. , Vucic S. , Kiernan M. C. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeIn amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, studies using threshold‐tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have identified corticomotoneuronal dysfunction as a key pathogenic mechanism. Some patients, however, display no motor response at maximal TMS intensities, termed here an ‘inexcitable’ motor cortex. The extent to which this cortical difference impacts clinical outcomes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile of patients with inexcitability to TMS.MethodsMotor cortex excitability was evaluated using TMS. Patients in whom a motor evoked potential could not be recorded in one or more limbs at maximal TMS intensities were classified as four‐limb or partially inexcitable. Demographic information, clinical variables and survival data were analysed.ResultsFrom 133 patients, 40 were identified with inexcitability. Patients with four‐limb inexcitability were younger (P = 0.03) and had lower‐limb disease onset (64%), greater functional disability (P < 0.001) and faster disease progression (P = 0.02), particularly if inexcitability developed within 1 year of symptoms (P < 0.01). Patients with partial inexcitability had higher resting motor thresholds compared to the excitable cohort (P < 0.01), but averaged short‐interval intracortical inhibition was similar (P = 0.5). Mean survival was reduced if inexcitability involved all limbs within 12 months of symptom onset (P = 0.04).ConclusionAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with inexcitability of all four limbs to TMS have a distinct clinical profile of younger age and lower‐limb onset. Importantly, these patients display a more malignant disease trajectory, with faster progression, greater functional disability and reduced survival when occurring in early disease. This measure may provide an important prognostic marker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Quantifying shortfalls in the knowledge on Neotropical Auchenipteridae fishes
Authors: Freitas Tiago Magalhães da Silva , Stropp Juliana , Calegari Bárbara Borges , Calatayud Joaquín , De Marco Paulo , Montag Luciano Fogaça de Assis , Hortal Joaquín 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Neotropics harbour the greatest diversity of freshwater fish on Earth. Despite recent advances in characterizing the fish fauna, the total number of species, distributional range, evolution and ecological traits remain uncertain. Thus, we quantify shortfalls in the knowledge of taxonomy (Linnean shortfall), geographic distribution (Wallacean shortfall), evolutionary relationships (Darwinian shortfall) and feeding habits (Raunkiæran shortfall) of Auchenipteridae driftwood catfishes, one of the most representative groups of the Siluriformes family in the Neotropics. We find a steep increase in the historical accumulation of valid species over time, suggesting that 45% of the total number predicted remains to be described. Auchenipterids also remain under‐collected; only 45% of the ecoregions and less than 3% of the one‐degree grid cells covering the Neotropics are reasonably sampled. The topologies of recent phylogenies are more similar to each other than former ones, showing a tendency towards a robust phylogenetic hypothesis for this family. Current knowledge on feeding habits is biased towards a few genera and species and is still expanding with every new published study. Our study highlights specific knowledge gaps that need to be addressed: a considerable number of Auchenipteridae species remain to be described; and most of valid species lack reliable information on their geographic distribution and feeding habitat. It implies that research on fish systematic biology needs to advance and it will require a concerted effort of taxonomists, ecologists and biogeographers to reduce these gaps.