bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structured silicalite‐1 encapsulated Ni catalyst supported on SiC foam for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Chen Huanhao , Shao Yan , Mu Yibing , Xiang Huan , Zhang Rongxin , Chang Yabin , Hardacre Christopher , Wattanakit Chularat , Jiao Yilai , Fan Xiaolei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStructured silicalite‐1 zeolite encapsulated Ni catalyst supported on silicon carbide foam (i.e., Ni@S1‐SiC) was prepared using a new yet simple one‐pot method, showing the significantly improved anti‐sintering and anti‐coking performance in comparison with the conventional supported and encapsulated Ni catalysts (i.e., Ni/S1, Ni/S1‐SiC, and Ni@S1), in catalytic dry reforming of methane (DRM). The developed Ni0.08@S1‐SiC catalyst showed high CO2/CH4 conversions of >85% and H2/CO molar ratio of >0.85 at 700°C, outperforming other control catalysts under investigation. Additionally, the Ni0.08@S1‐SiC catalyst demonstrated high turnover frequency (TOF) values of ~5.6 and ~2.1/s regarding to CO2/CH4 conversions at 400°C, exhibiting excellent stability and low pressure‐drop during 100 hr on stream evaluation. Post‐reaction characterization of the used catalysts demonstrated that the combination of zeolite encapsulated Ni catalysts and SiC foam enabled well‐dispersed and ultrafine Ni nanoparticles, low pressure drop and intensified transfer steps, presented excellent anti‐sintering and anti‐coking abilities.
Prevalence and risk factors of radial ray deficiencies: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Syvänen Johanna , Raitio Arimatias , Helenius Ilkka , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Lahesmaa‐Korpinen Anna‐Maria , Gissler Mika , Nietosvaara Yrjänä 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRadial ray deficiency is the most common congenital deficiency of the upper limb. The aim of our study was to investigate maternal risk factors for radial ray deficiencies. We conducted a nationwide population‐based case–control study using national registers. All cases with a radial ray deficiency born between 1996 and 2008 were included in the study and compared with five controls without limb deficiency. In total, 115 (10 isolated, 18 with multiple congenital anomalies, and 87 syndromic) cases with radial ray deficiencies were identified and compared with 575 matched controls. The total prevalence in Finland was 1.22 per 10,000 births. No significant risk factors were observed for nonsyndromic cases. In the syndromic group, advanced maternal age (≥35 years) increased the risk of radial aplasia (aOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.37–4.36), and a similar association was observed with multiple pregnancy (aOR 2.97, 1.16–7.62) and male sex (aOR 1.96, 1.18–3.25). Valproic acid was also a risk factor (p = .002). In conclusion, novel associations in the syndromic group of advanced maternal age and multiple pregnancy and increased risk of radial ray deficiencies were observed. Also, early reports on increased risk of RRD associated with valproate and male sex were supported by our results.
Anionic Bisoxazoline Ligands Enable Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Radical Azidation of Acrylamides
Authors: Wu Lianqian , Zhang Zhihan , Wu Dunqi , Wang Fei , Chen Pinhong , Lin Zhenyang , Liu Guosheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAsymmetric radical azidation for the synthesis of chiral alkylazides remains a tremendous challenge in organic synthesis. We report here an unprecedented highly enantioselective radical azidation of acrylamides catalyzed by 1 mol % of a copper catalyst. The substrates were converted to the corresponding alkylazides in high yield with good‐to‐excellent enantioselectivity. Notably, employing an anionic cyano‐bisoxazoline (CN‐Box) ligand is crucial to generate a monomeric CuII azide species, rather than a dimeric CuII azide intermediate, for this highly enantioselective radical azidation.
Binding‐Mediated Formation of Ribonucleoprotein Corona for Efficient Delivery and Control of CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Wu Jinjun , Peng Hanyong , Lu Xiufen , Lai Maode , Zhang Hongquan , Le X. Chris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProtein coronae formed with nanoparticles confer several useful properties. However, the non‐specific nature of protein corona formation makes it difficult to deliver specific proteins for therapeutic applications. Herein, we report on the construction of a new type of protein corona, termed binding‐mediated protein corona. This new corona enables the efficient and controllable delivery of functional proteins, which is otherwise challenging for conventional protein coronae. We show the design and delivery of the ribonucleoprotein corona for the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Successful gene editing in human cell lines (Hela and HEK293) demonstrates the efficient delivery, high stability, low cytotoxicity, and well‐controlled activity of the Cas9‐guide RNA ribonucleoprotein. The binding‐mediated protein corona strategy opens up new opportunities for therapeutic protein delivery.
The Molecular Tête‐à‐Tête between G‐Quadruplexes and the i‐motif in the Human Genome
Authors: Sengupta Pallabi , Bose Debopriya , Chatterjee Subhrangsu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractG‐Quadruplex (GQ) and i‐motif structures are the paradigmatic examples of nonclassical tetrastranded nucleic acids having multifarious biological functions and widespread applications in therapeutics and material science. Recently, tetraplexes emerged as promising anticancer targets due to their structural robustness, gene‐regulatory roles, and predominant distribution at specific loci of oncogenes. However, it is arguable whether the i‐motif evolves in the complementary single‐stranded region after GQ formation in its opposite strand and vice versa. In this review, we address the prerequisites and significance of the simultaneous and/or mutually exclusive formation of GQ and i‐motif structures at complementary and sequential positions in duplexes in the cellular milieu. We discussed how their dynamic interplay Sets up cellular homeostasis and exacerbates carcinogenesis. The review gives insights into the spatiotemporal formation of GQ and i‐motifs that could be harnessed to design different types of reporter systems and diagnostic platforms for potential bioanalytical and therapeutic intervention.
Flow‐driven Surface Instabilities of Tubular Chitosan Hydrogel
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Hajdu Cintia , Tóth Ágota , Horváth Dezső 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpatial structures break their symmetry under the influence of shear stress arising from fluid flow. Here, we present surface instabilities appearing on chitosan tubes when an acidic solution of chitosan with various molecular weight is injected into a pool of sodium hydroxide solution. At slow flow rates wrinkle‐to‐fold transition takes place along the direction of the flow yielding a banded structure. For greater injection rates we observe coexisting modes of wrinkles and folds which are stabilized to periodic wrinkles when the alkaline concentration is increased. The instabilities are characterized by the scaling laws of the pattern wavelength and amplitude with the tube characteristics. Our experimental adaptation of mechanical instabilities provides a new in situ method to create soft biomaterials with the desired surface morphology without the use of any prefabricated templates.
Rotavirus infection causes mesenteric lymph node hypertrophy independently of type I interferon or TNF‐α in mice
Authors: Nakawesi Joy , Konjit Getachew Muleta , Dasoveanu Dragos‐Christian , Johansson‐Lindbom Bengt , Lahl Katharina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLymphoid organ hypertrophy is a characteristic feature of acute infection and is considered to enable efficient induction of adaptive immune responses. Accordingly, oral infection with rotavirus induced a robust increase in cellularity in the mesenteric LNs, whose kinetics correlated with viral load and was caused by halted lymphocyte egress and increased recruitment of cells without altered cellular proliferation. Lymphocyte sequestration and mesenteric LN hypertrophy were independent of type 1 IFN receptor signaling or the continuous presence of TNF‐α. Our results support previous findings that adaptive immunity toward rotavirus is initiated primarily in the mesenteric LNs and show that type I IFN or TNF‐α are not required to coordinate the events involved in the LN response.
Hospital responses to the refinement of reimbursements by treatment intensity in DRG systems
Authors: Bäuml Matthias , Kümpel Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany OECD countries have replaced per‐diem hospital reimbursement with lump sum payments by diagnosis‐related groups. This study analyzes hospital responses to a large‐scale refinement of reimbursement practices in Germany on January 1, 2006, in which regulating authorities introduce reimbursements by treatment intensity in the market for stroke disorder. We find that the share of admissions receiving high‐intensity treatments jumps by approximately 7 percentage points around the turn of the year. At the same time, a decrease in the average clinical severity of patients receiving these high‐intensity treatments reveals that the marginal high‐intensity treated patient in 2006 might be less appropriate for high‐intensity treatments compared to 2005. We do not find accompanying (short‐term) changes in the quality of care, such as decreases in in‐hospital mortality.
Is There Proof of Extraskeletal Benefits From Vitamin D Supplementation From Recent Mega Trials of Vitamin D?
Authors: Scragg Robert , Sluyter John D 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTScientific interest in possible extraskeletal effects of vitamin D first appeared in the 1930s soon after the structure of vitamin D was characterized, and increased in the 1980s with the development of assays of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D status as a marker of vitamin D status, which in observational epidemiological studies was shown to be inversely associated with many nonskeletal diseases. This resulted in the start of seven large randomized controlled trials (n > 2000 participants in each) of vitamin D supplementation giving higher doses than previously used. The intervention periods in these trials collectively started in 2009 and continued to 2020. They have recruited participants, mostly of both sexes and over the age of 50 years, from many countries and have given either daily or monthly doses of vitamin D. Collectively, the trials have a wide range of outcomes with the main focus on the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and fractures, besides many other outcomes. The findings of four trials have been published, and they have shown that vitamin D supplementation does not prevent hard‐disease endpoints, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, fractures, or falls, aside from a possible beneficial effect against cancer mortality. In contrast, beneficial effects were seen for intermediate outcomes such as BMD of spine and hips, arterial function, and lung function, especially in people with vitamin D deficiency. The finding of a benefit primarily in people with vitamin D deficiency, if confirmed by the other trials, would support a population approach to preventing vitamin D deficiency using fortification rather than the high‐risk approach of screening for deficiency combined with supplementation. The findings on other outcomes from the three published trials, along with the findings from the four unpublished trials, are expected within the next 2 to 3 years to clarify the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing nonskeletal disease. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Phase 1 Renal Impairment Trial Results Supports Targeted Individualized Dosing of ELX‐02 in Patients With Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: Haverty Thomas , Wyatt David J. , Porter Kaela M. , Leubitz Andi , Banks Kate , Goodyer Paul , Hu Ming‐Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of ELX‐02 in a renally impaired population and apply these findings to the individualized dosing of patients with nephropathic cystinosis. This phase 1 renal impairment (RI; mild, moderate, or severe), single‐dose, PK, and safety evaluation included 6 participants assigned to each RI group. Six healthy controls with normal renal function were matched to participants with renal impairment. All received a single subcutaneous dose of 1‐mg/kg ELX‐02 on day 1 and were monitored for 72 hours after dosing with serial blood and urine samples. An estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)‐PK model of ELX‐02 was developed from the RI study data and used to implement individualized dosing in a phase 2a study in patients with nephropathic cystinosis to achieve a weekly targeted exposure (area under the plasma concentration–time curve [AUC]). In participants with RI, ELX‐02 clearance decreased, and exposure increased with severity of RI. ELX‐02 plasma exposure was similar to healthy controls in participants with mild RI, but increasing severity of RI resulted in significantly decreased clearance, increased maximum plasma concentration, AUC from time zero to infinity, and half‐life compared to controls. ELX‐02 urinary clearance showed a similar pattern. Relationships between eGFR and exposure were defined supporting individualized dose determination for prediction of dose and AUC in patients with nephropathic cystinosis, achieving overall mean 110.7% of AUC targets. ELX‐02 was well tolerated by RI and nephropathic cystinosis populations. ELX‐02 exhibits a consistent PK profile across increasing degrees of RI with reduced clearance, increased exposure, and prolonged renal elimination proportional to reductions in eGFR. The defined relationship between eGFR and plasma exposure enabled individualized dose adjustment in patients with nephropathic cystinosis.
Assessing surface and subsurface transport of neonicotinoid insecticides from no‐till crop fields
Authors: Frame Sarah T. , Pearsons Kirsten A. , Elkin Kyle R. , Saporito Louis S. , Preisendanz Heather E. , Karsten Heather D. , Tooker John F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIncreased use of neonicotinoid‐coated crop seeds introduces greater amounts of insecticides into the environment, where they are vulnerable to transport. To understand the transport of neonicotinoids from agricultural fields, we planted maize (Zea mays L.) seeds coated with thiamethoxam in lysimeter plots in central Pennsylvania. Over the next year, we sampled water generated by rainfall and snowmelt and analyzed these samples with mass spectrometry for the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and clothianidin (metabolite), which originated from the coated seeds. For surface and subsurface transport, thiamethoxam exhibited “first‐flush” dynamics, with concentrations highest during the first events following planting and generally decreasing for the remainder of the study. The metabolite clothianidin, however, persisted throughout the study. The mass of thiamethoxam and clothianidin exported during the study period accounted for 1.09% of the mass applied, with more than 90% of the mass transported in subsurface flow and less than 10% in surface runoff. These results suggest that surface runoff, at least for our site, is a relatively small contributor to the overall fate and transport of these insecticides and that the delivery ratio (i.e., mass exported/mass applied) observed for these compounds is similar to those of other trace‐level emerging contaminants known to negatively influence aquatic ecosystems.
Quantification of hemodynamics of cerebral arteriovenous malformations after stereotactic radiosurgery using 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Srinivas Shanmukha , Retson Tara , Simon Aaron , Hattangadi‐Gluth Jona , Hsiao Albert , Farid Nikdokht 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is used to treat cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, early evaluation of efficacy is difficult as structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) often does not demonstrate appreciable changes within the first 6 months. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI to quantify hemodynamic changes after SRS as early as 2 months. This was a retrospective observational study, which included 14 patients with both pre‐SRS and post‐SRS imaging obtained at multiple time points from 1 to 27 months after SRS. A 3T MRI Scanner was used to obtain T2 single‐shot fast spin echo, time‐of‐flight MRA, and postcontrast 4D flow with three‐dimensional velocity encoding between 150 and 200 cm/s. Post‐hoc two‐dimensional cross‐sectional flow was measured for the dominant feeding artery, the draining vein, and the corresponding contralateral artery as a control. Measurements were performed by two independent observers, and reproducibility was assessed. Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to compare differences in flow, circumference, and pulsatility between the feeding artery and the contralateral artery both before and after SRS; and differences in nidus size and flow and circumference of the feeding artery and draining vein before and after SRS. Arterial flow (L/min) decreased in the primary feeding artery (mean: 0.1 ± 0.07 vs. 0.3 ± 0.2; p < 0.05) and normalized in comparison to the contralateral artery (mean: 0.1 ± 0.07 vs. 0.1 ± 0.07; p = 0.068). Flow decreased in the draining vein (mean: 0.1 ± 0.2 vs. 0.2 ± 0.2; p < 0.05), and the circumference of the draining vein also decreased (mean: 16.1 ± 8.3 vs. 15.7 ± 6.7; p < 0.05). AVM volume decreased after SRS (mean: 45.3 ± 84.8 vs. 38.1 ± 78.7; p < 0.05). However, circumference (mm) of the primary feeding artery remained similar after SRS (mean: 15.7 ± 2.7 vs. 16.1 ± 3.1; p = 0.600). 4D flow may be able to demonstrate early hemodynamic changes in AVMs treated with radiosurgery, and these changes appear to be more pronounced and occur earlier than the structural changes on standard MRI/MRA. Level of Evidence: 4 Technical Efficacy Stage: 1
Relationship between clinical outcomes measures and personal and social performance functioning in a prospective, interventional study in schizophrenia
Authors: Vauth Roland , Carpiniello Bernardo , Turczyński Jacek , Ivanov Mikhail , Cherubin Pierre , Lahaye Marjolein , Schreiner Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore clinical and demographic characteristics impacting patient functioning by determining extent of overlap in factors driving change in Personal and Social Performance (PSP) and other clinical outcomes.MethodsPost‐hoc analysis from a single‐arm trial of paliperidone extended release in adult patients with nonacute symptomatic schizophrenia. Psychosocial functioning measures: PSP, Clinical Global Impression–Severity (CGI‐S), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36), treatment satisfaction, sleep quality/daytime drowsiness, and Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale.ResultsHighest correlations with PSP total score change included PANSS total score change (Spearman's r = 0.607), PANSS general psychopathology change (r = 0.579), and CGI‐S change (r = 0.569). A PSP score change of −32 predicted 90% probability of deterioration in CGI‐S (score change of ≥1). The power of PSP change to predict PANSS total score change was lower. Linear stepwise regression demonstrated independent relationships for PSP change and: PANSS total change; CGI‐S change; SF‐36 Mental Component change; treatment satisfaction at endpoint; PSP at baseline; previous psychiatric hospitalizations. R
2 = 0.55 meant that 45% of PSP variation could not be explained by other clinical outcome measures.ConclusionsPsychosocial functioning improvement is important in schizophrenia. PSP may be valuable for assessing functioning; it encompasses psychosocial and clinical factors not measured by other established assessments.
Mental health shame, self‐compassion and sleep in UK nursing students: Complete mediation of self‐compassion in sleep and mental health
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Cockerill Vicky , Chircop James G. E. , Forman Dawn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore relationships between mental health problems, mental health shame, self‐compassion and average length of sleep in UK nursing students. The increasing mental health problems in nursing students may be related to a strong sense of shame they experience for having a mental health problem. Self‐compassion has been identified as a protective factor for mental health and shame in other student populations. Further, studies highlight the importance of sleep relating to mental health.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsA convenient sampling of 182 nursing students at a university in the East Midlands completed a paper‐based questionnaire regarding these four constructs, from February to April 2019. Correlation, regression and mediation analyses were conducted.ResultsMental health problems were positively related to shame and negatively related to self‐compassion and sleep. Mental health shame positively predicted and self‐compassion negatively predicted mental health problems: sleep was not a significant predictor of mental health problems. Lastly, self‐compassion completely mediated the impacts of sleep on mental health problems (negative relationship between mental health problems and sleep was fully explained by self‐compassion).ConclusionThe importance of self‐compassion was highlighted as it can reduce mental health problems and shame. Self‐compassion can protect nursing students from mental distress when they are sleep deprived.ImpactNurses and nursing students are required to work irregular hours (e.g. COVID‐19) and mental distress can cause serious consequences in clinical practice. Our findings suggest that nurturing self‐compassion can protect their mental health and the negative impacts of sleep deprivation on mental health.
Effects of different supercritical temperatures on the modification of aramid pulp surface via coating silica to enhance the properties of EPDM composites
Authors: Xu Qian , Kong Haijuan , Ding Haiquan , Zeng Juan , Jiang Feiyan , Du Xue , Li Biao , Yu Muhuo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoor dispersion is a major disadvantage of aramid pulp (AP) reinforced composites. In this study, nano‐silica (SiO2), as the surface modifier and reinforcing agent, was synthesized on AP surfaces to improve the dispersed character in ethylene‐propylene‐diene elastomer (EPDM) using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The influence of the temperature of scCO2 on treated AP, configuration of the surface, and mechanical performance of AP/EPDM composites were studied. Based on the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, SiO2 was chemically grafted onto the AP surface. The SiO2 nanoparticles were uniformly deposited on the AP surface, and the roughness of AP was increased based on the SEM results. The optimum temperature of the supercritical reaction was 100°C considering the results of all the tests. Under the optimum temperature and with 10 phr of AP, the mechanical properties, oil resistance, and dynamic mechanical properties of the SiO2‐AP/EPDM composites were investigated. The tensile strength and tear strength of the SiO2‐AP/EPDM were improved by 121.1 and 134.9%, respectively, compared with that of the pure AP/EPDM composites. The fracture surface of the SiO2‐AP/EPDM composites showed that SiO2‐modified AP had a good dispersion in EPDM, and AP and EPDM had good interfacial bonding. Dynamic mechanical analysis results showed that the storage modulus of the composites was improved greatly compared with the pure AP/EPDM, and the loss factor also increased. The oil resistance of the composites was also improved.