bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin traceability of rice based on an electronic nose coupled with a feature reduction strategy
Authors: Shi Yan , Jia Xiaofei , Yuan Hangcheng , Jia Shuyue , Liu Jingjing , Men Hong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Effective information processing technology is one of the keys to improving detection accuracy. In this study, a feature reduction strategy is proposed for reducing the dimension of electronic nose (e-nose) sensor features, in combination with multiclassifiers to identify the origin of rice. Firstly, the time domain and time-frequency domain features were extracted from the detection data. Secondly, the kernel principal component analysis and kernel entropy component analysis (KECA) were introduced to reduce the dimension of the fusion features to obtain the kernel principal components (KPCs) and kernel entropy components (KECs). Finally, global discriminant analysis (GDA) was proposed in order to reduce the dimension of the KPCs and KECs to obtain the final features, respectively. The results indicated that the KECA-GDA achieved the dimensionality reduction of fusion features, effectively, the good classification accuracy of 97% and 93.29%, F
1-scores of 0.9697 and 0.9410, and Kappa coefficients of 0.9648 and 0.9210 were obtained by means of the random forest (RF) method in uncooked and cooked rice, respectively. This study shows that KECA-GDA-RF can be used as an effective tool in tracing the origin of rice. Moreover, it can provide a useful processing technique to improve the measurement accuracy of an e-nose.
Homogenization of biomechanical models of plant tissues with randomly distributed cells
Authors: Piatnitski Andrey , Ptashnyk Mariya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper homogenization of a mathematical model for biomechanics of a plant tissue with randomly distributed cells is considered. Mechanical properties of a plant tissue are modelled by a strongly coupled system of reaction-diffusion-convection equations for chemical processes in plant cells and cell walls, the equations of poroelasticity for elastic deformations of plant cell walls and middle lamella, and the Stokes equations for fluid flow inside the cells. The nonlinear coupling between the mechanics and chemistry is given by the dependence of elastic properties of plant tissue on densities of chemical substances as well as by the dependence of chemical reactions on mechanical stresses present in a tissue. Using techniques of stochastic homogenization we derive rigorously macroscopic model for plant tissue biomechanics with random distribution of cells. Strong stochastic two-scale convergence is shown to pass to the limit in the non-linear reaction terms. Appropriate meaning of the boundary terms is introduced to define the macroscopic equations with flux boundary conditions and transmission conditions on the microscopic scale.
Quality evaluation of signals collected by portable ECG devices using dimensionality reduction and flexible model integration
Authors: Zhu Zeyang , Li Jianhua , Zhang Shuang , Geng Ning , Xu Lisheng , Greenwald Stephen E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective: Portable devices for collecting electrocardiograms (ECGs) and telemedicine systems for diagnosis are available to residents in deprived areas, but ECGs collected by non-professionals are not necessarily reliable and may impair the accuracy of diagnosis. We propose an algorithm for accurate ECG quality assessment, which can help improve the reliability of ECGs collected by portable devices. Approach: Using challenge data from CinC (2019), signals were classified as ‘acceptable’ and ‘unacceptable’ by annotators. The training set contained 998 12-lead ECGs and the test set contained 500. A 998 × 84 feature matrix, S, was formed by feature extraction and three basic models were obtained through training SVM, DT and NBC on S. The feature subsets S1, S2 and S3 were obtained by dimensionality reduction on S using SVM, DT and NBC, respectively. Three other basic models were obtained through training SVM on S1, DT on S2 and NBC on S3. By combining these six basic models, several integrated models were formed. An iterative method was proposed to select the integrated model with the highest accuracy on the training set. Having compared differences between the output labels and the original data labels, evaluation criteria were calculated. Main results: An accuracy of 98.70% and 98.60% was achieved on the training and test datasets, respectively. High F1 score and Kappa values were also obtained. Significance: The proposed algorithm has advantages over previously reported approaches during automatic assessment of ECG quality and can thus help to reduce reliance on highly trained professionals when assessing the quality of ECGs.
Controlling beam loading to produce large-charge high-quality electron beams by tuning the laser profile in laser wakefield acceleration
Authors: Deng Z G , Yang L , Zhang B , Zhang Z M , Teng J , Shan L Q , Wang W W , Tian C , Zhang F , Zhang T K , Yuan Z Q , He S K , Cui B , Qi W , Zhou W M , Gu Y Q 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Controlling beam loading is essential to produce large-charge high-quality electron beams in laser wakefield acceleration. The bunch shape in the longitudinal direction is a key factor to optimize beam loading. However, how to generate an electron beam with an appropriate shape is always a difficult problem to solve. In the present paper, indirect manipulation on the bunch shape is realized by tuning the laser profile. This is because that the bunch shape relies on the initial transverse position of electrons, which can be controlled by the laser profile in the optical injection scheme. Based on this indirect manipulation method, we find that by reducing the focal spot size of the injection pulse and thus effectively inhibiting off-axis electron injection, the electron beam shape gradually changes from down-ramp to flat-top, which is more favorable for optimizing beam loading. Consequently, we use a cigar-like injection pulse to generate electron beams with large charge and low energy spread. In this manner, an electron beam with 0.1% energy spread,

214

p
C

total charge and

0.3
π

m
m
⋅
m
r
a
d

emittance can be produced.
The flood cooking book: ingredients and regional flavors of floods across Germany
Authors: Merz Ralf , Tarasova Larisa , Basso Stefano 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
River flooding is a major natural hazard worldwide, whose prediction is impaired by limited understanding of the interplay of processes triggering floods within large regions. In this study we use machine learning techniques such as decision trees and random forests to pinpoint spatio-temporal features of precipitation and catchment wetness states which led to floods among 177 267 rainfall-runoff events observed in 373 German river basins. In mountainous catchments with high annual precipitation rates and shallow soils, event rainfall characteristics primarily control flood occurrence, while wetness conditions and the spatial interplay between rainfall and catchment soil moisture drive flood occurrence even more than event rainfall volume in drier basins. The existence of a snow cover also enhances flood occurrence. The identified ingredients and regional flavors shed new light on the spatial dynamics of hydro-meteorological processes leading to floods and foster regional adaptation of flood management strategies and early warning systems.
Dynamics of an epidemic model with imperfect vaccinations on complex networks
Authors: Li Chin-Lung , Li Chun-Hsien 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Vaccination is commonly used for reducing the spread of infectious diseases; however, we know that not all vaccinations are completely effective. Thus, it is important to study the impacts of vaccine failure on the spreading dynamics of infectious diseases. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of an epidemic model with three types of imperfect vaccinations on complex networks. More specifically, the present model follows a susceptible-infected-susceptible process with a vaccinated compartment that permit leaky, all-or-nothing, and waning vaccines. A threshold value

R

v

is first presented to ensure the disease-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable. Next, we derive a necessary and sufficient criterion that assures the presence of a backward (or subcritical) bifurcation when

R

v

=
1

. From this criterion, we can observe that the leaky vaccine plays an important role in leading to such a bifurcation, and interestingly, we also find that this condition is independent of the network structure. The disease is also demonstrated to persist whenever

R

v

>
1

. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical results. Our results show that imperfect vaccination can cause a backward bifurcation, which usually has serious consequences for disease control. Thus, appropriate infection control policies need to be further developed.
Odd connections on supermanifolds: existence and relation with affine connections
Authors: Bruce Andrew James , Grabowski Janusz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The notion of an odd quasi-connection on a supermanifold, which is loosely an affine connection that carries non-zero Grassmann parity, is examined. Their torsion and curvature are defined, however, in general, they are not tensors. A special class of such generalised connections, referred to as odd connections in this paper, have torsion and curvature tensors. Part of the structure is an odd involution of the tangent bundle of the supermanifold and this puts drastic restrictions on the supermanifolds that admit odd connections. In particular, they must have equal number of even and odd dimensions. Amongst other results, we show that an odd connection is defined, up to an odd tensor field of type (1, 2), by an affine connection and an odd endomorphism of the tangent bundle. Thus, the theory of odd connections and affine connections are not completely separate theories. As an example relevant to physics, it is shown that

N
=
1

super-Minkowski spacetime admits a natural odd connection.
Intensification of the processes of preparation of drilling and cement mortars using vibration jet activation methods
Authors: Rikkonen S V , Dmitrieva M A , Leitsin V N , Ponomarev C V , Azin A V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of laboratory and field tests of vibro-jet magnetic activation (VJMA) technology in the technological processes of preparation of drilling and cement mortars. Studies have shown a significant improvement in the quality of the mortars, reducing the preparation time and energy intensity of the process. The use of VJMA technology for processing grouting mortar allows increasing the fluidity of the solution and increasing the strength of the cement stone. This facilitates the filling of cement mortar.
Approach to evaluating the change of properties of the geosynthetic material used to stabilize the marine landscape slopes
Authors: Leitsin V N , Tovpinets A O , Chubarenko B V , Domnin D A , Esiukova E E , Burnashov E M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Changes in the properties of geosynthetic materials (geomats) used in coastal protection structures that protect the high coast from erosion, landslide and talus processes are analyzed. The proposed approach includes the selection of a representative set of sampling points for geomats, which takes into account various exposure conditions, conditions for the extraction of groundwater or in dry places, under the direct influence of the wind or in continuous grass cover, and other local operating features. In the process of cameral work with samples of the geomat, taken at the sampling points, it was proposed to assess the degree of degradation of the geomat, used to keep the slope from breaking, by the value of the breaking load of individual polymer filaments, while assessing the degree of microdamage of the material under study. Objective monitoring of microdamage of filaments is carried out by computed X-ray tomography. Using two geomat sampling as an example, the effectiveness of the approach is shown. Regular monitoring of the properties of geosynthetic material will provide an estimate of the residual life of the shore protection structure, a selection of recommendations for its repair and optimization.
Algorithm for designing building constructions expressed by nonlinear functions
Authors: Volkova S N , Shleenko A V , Sivak E E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The aim of the work is to develop an algorithm for designing building constructions, namely their geometric construction (the geometrical location of points) in the form of an expression using the formula (equation) of geometric property of construction expressed in the projection by nonlinear functions. The article gives an algorithm for finding analytical dependencies of nonlinear functions used in applications. You must select a coordinate system before composing the curve equation. The type of the desired equation depends on the choice of the coordinate system. There are no rules that could guide one in choosing a coordinate system, and the ability to make the most rational choice is given only by experience. In this paper, the examples of the choice of coordinate systems show the form of functions, namely, their simplification. In some cases, geometric construction is the only way to present a graphic image of the building structure itself, no matter how complex it may be in the Cartesian coordinate system. The polar coordinate system is presented here as an alternative for unique structures and structures of increased complexity in the Cartesian coordinate system. This is achieved by establishing a relationship between the current coordinates of the point located on the projection of the construction and constants characterizing the properties of this construction, called a function on the plane and a surface in space in researches. The prospect of this approach has proven itself: in the construction of exquisite palace temples, beautiful architectural ensembles that make the space surrounding a person comfortable.
Simulation of the strain diagram of a slag-concrete element subject to bending
Authors: Chernousov N , Bondarev B , Sturova V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the modern world of information technology personal computers considerably dominate our everyday life. All real, field experiments and tryouts replace computer-aided simulations as they often save a lot of time. It is much easier to make the multiple calculations related inter alia to reinforced concrete structures using strain diagrams for the concrete and rebars. This is the method ensuring the results similar to the field tests and the only challenge is that many equation parameters have to be reduced. Therefore, the objective of the work is to propose a simplified mathematical model for describing the strain diagram of a bended slag-concrete element based on air-cooled slag (ACS) and the aggregate made of sieves (0…5 mm fraction) from crashed ACS originating from NLMK’s Blast Furnace Operations, while implementation of the model helps to avoid complicated equilibrium experiments. As a result of the research and mathematical simulation of the bended element diagram a model capable of reflecting the sample behavior at any loading stage using maximum load and initial modulus of elasticity was proposed.
Vacuum filtration on a thin vertical filtering baffle
Authors: Kurochkin E Yu , Kurochkina N Yu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article considers the design issue of vacuum filtering apparatuses from the point of view of minimizing filtering costs, provided that the maximum performance of vacuum filtration apparatuses is ensured. In the paper, the Darcy equation was considered. Based on it, the equations of filtration apparatus productivity were determined by filtrate and by dry sediment. It was determined that the maximum productivity of both filtrate and dry sludge in vacuum filtration apparatuses is observed with a maximum difference in free surfaces on the vertical filter baffle.
Quality ecological assessment of the urbanized territories’ environment
Authors: Kaverzina L A , Nikiforova V A , Dorofeeva V V 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article shows the results of a socially significant research, the relevance of which is constantly growing in current conditions, due to the impending global crisis. Research objectives are to develop theoretical knowledge in sphere of quality ecological assessment of the urbanized territories and identification of opportunities for their practical use in certain regions. Authors have systemized factors that affect on the quality of urban environment and identified main approaches, which are used in implementing of the quality ecological assessment of the urbanized territories’ environment. Results of ecological and hygienic assessment of air quality of Irkutsk Region’s (Russia) cities have been introduced as a part of the author’s methodology. Main sources of pollution and their impact on atmospheric pollutant emissions have been identified. Urban areas with high level of air pollution have been revealed. Based on the findings, set of measures has been proposed to restore ecological balance in Irkutsk region, the implementation of which will improve the environmental conditions of atmospheric air as one of the criteria of quality assessment of urban territories. Methods of systemic and comparative analysis, expert opinions and social polls as well as ecological monitoring of the environment have been used during the research.
Risk assessment of investment projects implemented on the basis of project financing
Authors: Bryantseva I V , Voronina N V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Risk assessment of investment projects still remains a difficult problem in the real investment practice. The development of project financing techniques and methods complicated this task, because new subjects of investment activity, participating in the implementation of the project and requiring consideration of their interests appeared. This, in turn, is seen in the redistribution of common project risks. In addition, new forms of financing create new risks. In this article the authors systematized the risks of project financing which exist for every participant of the investment process throughout the project lifecycle. This approach has been tested on a real investment project. Taking risk into account and risk assessment should allow all interested parties to make an informed decision about the advisability of participating in the project.
Analysis of the requirements of normative and technical documentation for piling equipment
Authors: Plekhanova S , Vinogradova N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article is about piling equipment. Piling equipment is a type of construction equipment that is used to drive piles, drill holes, build a pile foundation and perform other construction work. This concept includes several types of equipment. It is classified by appointment, by power, on attachments and basic equipment, on performance. Pile driving technology is used in modern construction to carry out a wide range of construction works. Depending on the destination, it is worth choosing a piling machine of a certain power and performance.
A ray-trace analysis of x-ray multilayer Laue lenses for nanometer focusing
Authors: Chapman H N , Bajt S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Thick diffractive optical elements offer a promising way to achieve focusing or imaging at a resolution approaching 1 nm for x-ray wavelengths shorter than about 0.1 nm. Efficient focusing requires that these are fabricated with structures that vary in period and orientation so that rays obey Bragg’s law over the entire lens aperture and give rise to constructive interference at the focus. Here the analysis method of ray-tracing of thick diffractive optical elements is applied to such lenses to optimise their designs and to investigate their operating and manufacturing tolerances. Expressions are provided of the fourth-order series expansions of the wavefront aberrations and transmissions of both axi-symmetric lenses and pairs of crossed lenses that each focuses in only one dimension like a cylindrical lens. We find that aplanatic zone-plate designs, whereby aberrations are corrected over a large field of view, can be achieved by axi-symmetric lenses but not the crossed lenses. We investigate the performance of 1 nm-resolution lenses with focal lengths of about 1 mm and show their fields of view are mainly limited by the acceptance angle of Bragg diffraction, and that aberrations can limit the performance of lenses with longer focal lengths. We apply the ray-tracing formalism for a tolerancing analysis of imperfect lenses and examine some strategies for the correction of their aberrations.
The Impact of Temporal Trajectories of Emotional Experience on Blood Donor Return
Authors: van Dongen Anne , Williams Lisa A , Masser Barbara M , Briggs Nancy , Thijsen Amanda , Davison Tanya E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite recognition that blood donation is an affectively poignant process, many aspects of donors’ emotional experiences and their consequences remain unexamined.

Purpose
This study tracked the donor’s experience of several positive and negative emotions live as they arose during the donation process and tracked the impact of that experience on donor return.

Methods
New whole blood donors (N = 414) reported their experience of 10 positive and 10 negative discrete emotions before, during, and after donation. Return behavior of these donors and a business-as-usual control group was tracked over the next 6 months.

Results
In total, 46.4% of participants and 43.2% of the control group returned to donate within 6 months. On the basis of established relevance to blood donation and statistical considerations, group-based latent trajectories of three emotions (joy, calm, and stress) were modeled over time, revealing five classes of emotion trajectories. A trajectory of low/increasing joy and calm and high/decreasing stress was associated with significantly lower probability of return (preturn = .28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20, 0.38) relative to all but one other trajectory group and the control group. A trajectory of medium-high/increasing joy, high calm, and low/decreasing stress was associated with a significantly greater probability of return (preturn = .59, 95% CI = 0.49, 0.69) relative to two other trajectory classes and the control group.

Conclusions
By identifying blood donors’ emotion trajectories over time and the impact of those trajectories on return behavior, this research paves the way for the development of effective emotion-focused interventions to boost retention.