bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared small target detection based on non‐convex triple tensor factorisation
Authors: Rawat Sur Singh , Verma Sashi Kant , Kumar Yatindra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present infrared target detection system, simultaneously achieving both the target detection performance, as well as, computing efficiency is considered as a big task. To, address the above said issue, a non‐convex triple tensor factorisation is incorporated into the existing infrared patch tensor model in the proposed work. In the proposed model (triple tensor factorisation‐infrared patch tensor), local prior information using linear structure tensor and corner strength is incorporated so that the strong clutters in the background can be easily suppressed and the target can be detected correctly. Finally, the method proposed, was solved by alternating direction method of the multiplier. Large number of experiments were conducted and the results presented in the experiments suggest that the method proposed has shown good performance for background suppression, as well as, for the target detection in the clutter environment, when compared with the other baseline methods.
Grading ring parameters optimization for 220 kV metal‐oxide arrester using 3D‐FEM method and bat algorithm
Authors: Alti Nadjim , Bayadi Abdelhafid , Belhouchet Khaled 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAging of metal oxide surge arresters is mainly affected by the high electric stress near the high voltage electrode. It has been observed that the distribution of voltage and electric field along an arrester is non‐uniform. In this paper, the effect of grading ring geometrical parameters is investigated in order to achieve a more uniform electric field and voltage distribution. A 3D finite element method was employed based on COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software to calculate these latter. The optimal design of grading ring is achieved by minimizing the electric field along the active column of varistors using a reduced number of simulations based on the Taguchi design and a bat algorithm. Initially, simulation results for a single grading ring were analysed. By using an optimal design of the single ring, the electric field is reduced by 42% in the top of the 220 kV metal oxide surge arrester and the voltage distribution can be improved. It was proposed to install an additional ring at the top of the metal oxide surge arrester. Simulation results shows that using of an optimal design of grading rings, the distribution of voltage and electric field along the surge arrester can be made as uniform as possible.
Algorithm for optimization of power system short-term mode in conditions of partial uncertainty of initial information taking into account the frequency change
Authors: Gayibov Tulkin 
Published: December 2020

Many existing methods and algorithms for optimization of short-term modes of power systems provide in calculations the introduction of a slack bus station, which ensures the balance of active power and, accordingly, the permissible frequency. In cases where the real load deviates from the planned one, determined by forecasting, the power system mode may turn out to be not optimal, and sometimes even not acceptable. This factor is especially noticeable in conditions of partial uncertainty of initial information about loads of nodes. To overcome this problem, planning of power system mode should be carried out taking into account the frequency change and, accordingly, the regulatory capabilities of all stations.
This paper proposes an algorithm for optimization of modes of power systems in terms of partial uncertainty of initial information about loads, taking into account the frequency change. On the basis of computational experiments using the proposed algorithm, it is shown that taking into account the frequency change when planning modes of power systems with partially undefined loads of nodes can give a significant economic effect.
Pharmakologische und nicht pharmakologische Symptomtherapie bei amyotropher Lateralsklerose
Authors: Hüning Kirsten , Weydt Patrick , Hesse Michaela , Ates Gülay , Cuhls Henning , Radbruch Lukas 
Published: December 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) stellt mit ihrer fehlenden kausalen Therapierbarkeit und ihren zahlreichen Symptomen eine große Herausforderung für alle Behandelnden und Begleitenden dar. Neben dem Medikament Riluzol, wodurch eine kurze Lebenszeitverlängerung bewirkt werden kann, befinden sich mehrere Wirkstoffe im Stadium der Erprobung im Rahmen von Studien. Für die symptomatische Behandlung der ALS liegen nur wenige randomisierte, placebokontrollierte Studien vor. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die pharmakologischen und nicht pharmakologischen Therapiemöglichkeiten bei ALS. Es wurden die Datenbanken CENTRAL, Medline, PsycINFO und Pubmed nach Artikeln in englischer Sprache bis August 2018 durchsucht. Die Entwicklungen nach dem Beobachtungszeitraum werden in einem gesonderten Abschnitt behandelt. Mit der systematischen Suchstrategie wurden 232 Publikationen identifiziert, wovon 34 in die Übersicht eingeflossen sind, ein Artikel aus anderer Quelle wurde hinzugefügt. Hierunter befanden sich 9 kontrollierte Studien, von denen 7 die Wirksamkeit therapeutischer Medikamente bei ALS untersuchen. Ein Großteil der Studien basiert auf geringen Patientenzahlen mit sehr unterschiedlichen Angaben zur Effektivität der jeweiligen Interventionen. Neben der Behandlung mit Riluzol 2x50mg/d stellen die nicht invasive Beatmung (NIV), die Versorgung mit einer perkutanen endoskopischen Gastrostomie (PEG) sowie die Betreuung durch ein multidisziplinäres Team Faktoren dar, die die tracheotomiefreie Überlebenszeit der Patienten verlängern können. Die Durchführung weiterer randomisierter, kontrollierter Studien mit höheren Patientenzahlen auch im Bereich der symptomatischen Therapien wird von fast allen zitierten Autoren angeregt. Da die Behandlung mit Riluzol, die Versorgung mit NIV, einer PEG sowie die Anbindung der Patienten an ein multidisziplinäres Team hinsichtlich Überlebenszeit und Erhalt der Lebensqualität relevant sind, gilt es, den Patienten diese Optionen zum geeigneten Zeitpunkt zur Verfügung zu stellen.
A Presentation of Pediatric Sjögren's Syndrome with Abducens Nerve Palsy
Authors: Lin Jenny , Gadde Judith A. , Flanagan Elaine , Gombolay Grace 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease that classically presents with xerophthalmia and xerostomia. However, neurological manifestations occur in 10 to 60% of patients with Sjögren's syndrome and can often precede classic sicca symptoms in Sjögren's syndrome in some cases up to several years. Rarely, cranial neuropathy can be the initial presentation. Here, we present the first case of a 15-year-old girl with left abducens palsy in the setting of a new diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. Comprehensive evaluation revealed elevated Sjögren's syndrome–related antigen A-60 antibody. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. Radiological studies demonstrated evidence of chronic parotitis. Acute treatment included high-dose methylprednisolone and rituximab, and symptoms resolved by follow-up at 2 weeks. The most common neurological disorder of Sjögren's syndrome is pure sensory neuropathy. In pediatric Sjögren's syndrome, neurological complications are rare but include aseptic meningoencephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, transverse myelitis, optic neuritis, and cranial neuropathies. In the circumstance of a cranial neuropathy, the trigeminal nerve is most commonly involved but oculomotor nerves can occasionally be affected. Abducens palsies have been described in four patients with Sjögren's syndrome, typically women and all middle aged or older, with our patient being the first pediatric case. Thus, it is important to consider screening for Sjögren's syndrome in the evaluation of pediatric patients with new onset of isolated cranial neuropathy even in the absence of classic sicca symptoms.
Nasojejunal Feeding Is Safe and Effective Alternative to Feeding Jejunostomy for Postoperative Enteral Nutrition in Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Deepjyoti Kalita , Bannoth Srinivas , Purkayastha Joydeep , Borthakur Bibhuti B. , Talukdar Abhijit , Pegu Niju , Das Gaurav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and Aim Carcinoma of the stomach is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Surgery for gastric cancer in the form of total or distal gastrectomy is definitive treatment. Feeding jejunostomy (FJ) though improves postoperative nutritional status and outcome, it is not devoid of its complications. In this study, we present the outcomes of nasojejunal (NJ) feeding and FJ and complications associated with them.
Materials and Methods It is both retrospective and prospective observational study in patients with gastric cancer undergoing surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent FJ and those who underwent NJ route of feeding placed intraoperatively.
Results A total of 279 patients of gastric cancer who underwent surgery were taken into study, of which, 165 were male and 114 females. FJ was done in 42 and NJ in 237 patients, respectively. Gastrectomy + NJ was done in 128 patients, gastrectomy + FJ in 27 patients, gastrojejunostomy + NJ in 109 patients, and FJ in 15 patients. We had three patients of bile leaks in FJ group, of which one patient had intraperitoneal leak who needed re-exploration; rest of the two had peri-FJ external leaks, who were managed conservatively. Most of the complications of NJ group were minor.
Conclusion Our study of 279 patients in gastric cancer has shown that FJ is sometimes associated with major complications with increased hospital stay and morbidity when compared with NJ tube feeding without any difference in nutritional outcomes. Hence, NJ route of postoperative enteral nutrition can be considered as an alternative to FJ wherever feasible in view of its technical safety and minor complications and morbidity.
Enhanced Power Grid Stability Using Doubly-Fed Induction Generators
Authors: Okedu Kenneth 
Published: December 2020

Enhanced Power Grid Stability Using Doubly-Fed Induction Generators addresses the latest schemes, modeling, and control strategies for improving variable speed wind turbines. Throughout this book, simulations are carried out using modern software packages to model different types of symmetrical and asymmetrical faults for transient stability analysis and modeling techniques for wind turbine power systems.
Key features:Discusses doubly-fed induction generators, fault ride through, and other concepts for improving stability of power gridsAddresses grid performance—a necessary but often overlooked consideration in renewable power resourcesDemonstrates various approaches and appropriate control strategies which can be very effective to stabilize a grid connected wind farm
Engineers and professionals involved in the construction and design of power grids and wind farms will find this a valuable resource. This book is also for professors and graduate students in electrical engineering and policy makers and advocates involved in renewable energy.
“I tell you don’t trust the French”
Authors: Handford Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNational stereotypes are inherently evaluative, often negatively, and potentially prejudicial. While research has examined stereotypes from an organisational perspective, this is overwhelmingly in experimental settings involving students (Landy, 2008); in other words not in workplaces, and not involving employees doing their jobs. Through a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of 53 authentic business meetings, this study finds that among certain communities, national stereotypes are used in workplace narratives, and argues that such narratives constitute a contextual, situated social practice. The novel methodology pinpoints and categorises all stereotypes in business-meeting narratives, before discussing what role they play in indexing the identities of the stereotyped and the stereotyping. Finally, evaluation, ideology and power are critically engaged with to explain their use or non-use, thus making a theoretical contribution to studies of evaluation, workplace narratives, and stereotyping in discourse. While ethically problematic, and potentially detrimental to business success, their use may be motivated by local workplace goals.
Improving heat stress tolerance in tomato
Authors: Panthee Dilip R. , Gotame Tek P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Heat stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses in plants. Tomato (
Solanum lycopersicum
L.) is sensitive to higher temperatures. Optimum temperatures for tomato production are less than 32/25°C during day and night, respectively. Higher than this temperature causes damage in the plant system and ultimately reduces yield. Reports indicate that it may cause up to 70% crop loss in tomato. With the looming threat of climate change and global warming, it is vital to understand the heat stress tolerance mechanism and current status of efforts to mitigate the damage caused by heat stress in tomato. In this review, we report the physiological mechanism and effect of heat stress in tomato plants at the cellular and whole plant levels. Investigation of tolerance mechanisms may be helpful to design the breeding activities in the future. Furthermore, a summary of breeding efforts made toward the improvement of heat stress tolerance by utilizing genetic and genomic resources in tomato is presented.
Evolution of growth density equation by constraints on effective Newtonian constant G
eff
Authors: Capistrano Abraão J S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The acceleration of the Universe is described as a consequence of the extrinsic curvature of a four dimensional space–time embedded in a five dimensional bulk space, defined by the Einstein–Hilbert principle. Using the linear approximation of the Nash–Greene embedding theorem, we obtain the related perturbed equations in which only the gravitational-tensor field equations contribute to the propagation of the cosmological perturbations. In accordance with big bang nucleosynthesis and solar constraints, we calculate numerically the effective Newtonian function G
eff to constrain the related parameters of the model. We numerically solve the growth density equation for two possible family of solutions leading to growth overdensities and, in some cases, a mild damping of the growth profiles, with a top amplification of the growth perturbations around 14% in comparison with ΛCDM and wCDM models. The behaviour of the effective gravitational potential Φ and the Newtonian curvature Ψ is also analysed showing mild perturbations in early times induced only by the extrinsic curvature differently from the ΛCDM standards.
2D numerical modeling for plasma-assisted CO2 pooling in supersonic nozzles: importance of a proper nozzle contour design
Authors: Khaji Maryam , Peerenboom Kim , der Mullen Joost van , Degrez Gérard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Plasma assisted CO2 dissociation has recently been the topic of many studies. The production of chemical fuels from environmentally unfriendly CO2 through supersonic nozzles is one of the most prominent approaches under investigation. However, the experiments show that the theoretical conversion rates are far away from being achieved. In this study, two-dimensional fully coupled cases are investigated. This brings insights about how the CO2 dissociation can be improved; mainly by a correct design of nozzles. The proper shape of a nozzle is a fundamental aspect to be taken into account numerically and in experiments to avoid undesirable phenomena such as the occurrence of shocks. The proper design of the nozzle shape leads to a shock-free flow being uniform at the nozzle outlet. A high degree of cooling can be achieved in a shock-free nozzle. Moreover it is shown that there is no optimal value for Mach number provided that the nozzles are sized properly. If the sizing is done correctly, it is found that higher Mach numbers lead to higher degree of non-equilibrium and thereby to higher dissociation rate. The sizing of the nozzle to maximize the departure from equilibrium in the nozzle is the final key of an efficient CO2 dissociation. Finally, the results are compared with those of a semi-analytical method to conclude that if the nozzle is conceived in a proper way, simpler approaches can also give satisfactory results.
Charge inhomogeneity of carbon
Authors: Liang Z F , Luo Y Q , Xue H T , Tang F L , Fan D , Yao X J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Charge distribution on every atom of carbon matter in four dimension forms (cluster, fullerene, atomistic carbon chain, nanotube, graphene, surface and solid) was investigated by the first-principles calculation. It is found that the charge distribution in most of these materials is inhomogeneous, even in one certain solid phase. We found that if one atom in carbon has different surrounding environment from another one nearby, they always have electron transfer, that is, they have different charge. In round C10 ring, C24 and C60 fullerenes, charge is zero, while charge is not zero in pentagon C10 ring, C30 and C70 fullerenes. At the ends of atomistic chains, nanotube or on the edges of graphenes, carbon atoms have larger positive or negative charge, while almost zero in the central parts. Charge is zero in diamond and graphite, while it is not zero in the high pressure solid phase hexagonite or on some carbon surfaces. The non-zero charge in carbon possibly means its non-zero valence.
Spin-dependent electron reflection at W(110)
Authors: Angrick C , Braun J , Ebert H , Donath M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Spin-dependent reflection of low-energy electrons at the W(110) surface caused by spin–orbit interaction was studied experimentally and theoretically. Comprehensive information for a wide range of electron incidence angles and energies was collected via maps for the reflectivity, the spin-dependent reflection asymmetry, and the figure of merit of the spin separation. The experimental results are compared with calculations of the scattering process using a realistic surface potential barrier. The results are discussed in view of possible applications of W(110) as a scattering target in spin-polarization detectors. Possible working points for use in single- as well as multi-channel spin-polarization-detection devices are identified and discussed.
Efficient approaches to solutions of partition function for condensed matters
Authors: Ning Bo-Yuan , Gong Le-Cheng , Weng Tsu-Chien , Ning Xi-Jing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The key problem of statistical physics standing over one hundred years is how to exactly calculate the partition function (or free energy), which severely hinders the theory to be applied to predict the thermodynamic properties of condensed matters. Very recently, we developed a direct integral approach (DIA) to the solutions and achieved ultrahigh computational efficiency and precision. In the present work, the background and the limitations of DIA were examined in details, and another method with the same efficiency was established to overcome the shortage of DIA for condensed system with lower density. The two methods were demonstrated with empirical potentials for solid and liquid cooper, solid argon and C60 molecules by comparing the derived internal energy or pressure with the results of vast molecular dynamics simulations, showing that the precision is about ten times higher than previous methods in a temperature range up to melting point. The ultrahigh efficiency enables the two methods to be performed with ab initio calculations and the experimental equation of state of solid copper up to ∼600 GPa was well reproduced, for the first time, from the partition function via density functional theory implemented.
Communicating radiation risk: the role of public engagement in reaching ALARA
Authors: Bryant P A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The ALARA (an acronym for ‘as low as reasonably achievable’) principle, keeping the likelihood of incurring exposure, the number of people exposed and the magnitude of their individual doses ‘as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account economic and societal factors’, is at the core of radiation protection. For many decades the principle has been an area of continuous development, with recent work highlighting the importance of engaging not only with the decision-makers in the ALARA process but all stakeholders who may incur an exposure. This paper considers a particular case study in which the dredging of non-hazardous sediment in the United Kingdom near a now decommissioned nuclear power station raised substantial public concern about radiological exposure. This turned what was a straightforward construction activity into a complex public engagement and reassurance task, at a significant cost disproportionate to the level of radiological risk. This paper highlights the key lessons learnt from the case study, including not only the importance of engaging the public as part of the ALARA process but also of considering the societal impact arising from stress and concerns if misinformation is allowed to promulgate. A discussion is included on the need to underpin any engagement with a clear plan, including pre-engagement, implementation and reinforcement of messages. In addition, the role of the radiation protection professional is considered in ensuring that all stakeholders are informed, so that ultimately they can come to their own decision on what is safe.
Characterization of the microstructures of specialty optical fibers for electric-field sensing by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast microtomography
Authors: Colaço Marcos V , Camara Alexandre R , Nogueira Liebert P , Carvalho Isabel C S , Margulis Walter , Barroso Regina C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, we present a quantitative (statistical) 3D morphological characterization of optical fibers used in electric-field sensing. The characterization technique employs propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). In particular, we investigate specialty optical fibers that contain microstructured holes that are electro-optically modified by thermal poling to induce second-order nonlinear effects (SONE). The efficiency of the SONE is reflected in the characterization parameter, Vπ
, which is highly dependent on the dimensions of the fiber. The fiber microstructures must be uniform to support the fabrication of reproducible devices. The results obtained using the micro-CT technique show that uncertainty of ±1.7% arises in the determination of the expected value of the voltage that causes a change in the phase of the electromagnetic wave equal to π rad (Vπ
), demonstrating a great advantage, compared with other techniques e.g. SEM, which would need at least 1000 images of the cross-section of an optical fiber, taken at different points, making the process more expensive and time-consuming.