bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on coating paint film’s surface performance as non-stick coating
Authors: Sulaiman L. , Hazrin Z.H.Z. , Zakir N.I.M. , Halim N.A. , Rusdi R.A.A. , Khair A.S.A. , Tajuddin H.A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The effect of using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as an additive in coating paint films for non-stick coatings was studied in this work. This paper aims to discuss the benefits of MCC blended in the coating paint film that consists of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and dammar.

Design/methodology/approach
PMMA and dammar mixed at a specific Wt.% ratio with xylene as its solvent. Two sets of mixtures were prepared, where one mixture contained MCC and another, without. The mixtures were applied to metal substrates as coating paint films. The performance of the non-stick coating paint film was observed through the adhesive test between adhesion layers on the coating paint film and also through the cross-hatch test for the adhesion of the non-stick coating paint film to the metal substrate. The results correlate with the surface roughness and glossiness tests.

Findings
The results showed that for the coating paint films, Sample B consisted of 80:20 Wt.% ratio of PMMA-dammar with an addition of 5 Wt.% MCC had an excellent performance as non-stick coating paint films. The MCC formed microparticles on the surface of the coating paint film sample and this causes the coating paint film samples with MCC to develop a rougher surface compared to the coating paint film without MCC. Sample B coating paint film had the highest average surface roughness (Ra) of 383 µm. The cross-hatch test showed the coating paint film with the addition of MCC had stronger adhesiveness on the substrate’s surface thus prevents the coating from peeling off from the surface.

Practical implications
The developed coating paint film in this study would be suitable for outdoor applications to prevent illegal advertisements and stickers.

Originality/value
MCC added to the coating paint film improves the surface performance as a non-stick coating.
The more the better? Rule growth and policy impact from a macro perspective
Authors: LIMBERG JULIAN , STEINEBACH YVES , BAYERLEIN LOUISA , KNILL CHRISTOPH 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDo more rules improve overall policy performance? To answer this question, we look at rule growth in the area of environmental policy from an aggregate perspective. We argue that impactful growth in rules crucially depends on implementation capacities. If such capacities are limited, countries are at risk of ‘empty’ rule growth where they lack the ability to implement their ever‐growing stock of policies. Hence, rules are a necessary, yet not sufficient condition for achieving sectoral policy objectives. We underpin our argument with an analysis of the impact of a new, encompassing measure of environmental rule growth covering 13 countries from 1980 to 2010. These findings call for ‘sustainable statehood’ where the growth in rules should not outpace the expansion in administrative capacities.
The Estimation of Postmortem Serum Urea via the Ultrafiltration of Hemolyzed Blood
Authors: Jia Yuqing , Tian Meihui , Wang Tianqi , Wu Shuqin , Zhu Baoli , Cao Zhipeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPostmortem serum urea has been demonstrated as an objective indicator for the forensic diagnosis of cause of death. However, samples used in postmortem biochemical analysis are always affected by hemolysis. To investigate whether hemolysis affects the biochemical analysis of urea and to explore the feasibility of using ultrafiltration to process hemolyzed blood samples, three different levels of hemolyzed blood samples were used to assess the influence of hemolysis on postmortem biochemical analysis of urea, and two ultrafiltration methods were used to process the hemolyzed blood samples. Bias% was used to assess the interference of hemolysis. Our results showed that heavy hemolysis had a significant influence on the biochemical analysis of urea. Both ultrafiltration methods in the present study could significantly reduce the interference of hemolysis, with the |bias%| of methods A and B decreasing from 69.74% ± 99.14% to 12.18% ± 7.23% and 10.77% ± 8.09%, respectively, compared to the original serum. After regression correction, there was no significant difference between the urea concentration in the ultrafiltrates of the two ultrafiltration methods and that in the original serum, which suggested that the postmortem serum urea concentration could be estimated by the corrected urea concentration in the ultrafiltrate. The current study also provided possible pretreatment methods for postmortem biochemical analysis of other biomarkers in hemolyzed blood samples of forensic practice.
Evaluation of Two New Methods for DNA Extraction of “Legal High” Plant Species
Authors: Ryan Angelique L. , O’Hern Cassandra P. , Elkins Kelly M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA quick, simple, and high‐yield nucleic acid isolation process is crucial for high‐quality DNA analysis. The ability of the MicroGEM PDQeX phytoGEM system and Omega Bio‐tek E.Z.N.A.® Plant DS Mini kit to extract PCR‐ready DNA was evaluated by extracting the forensically relevant “legal high” plant species: Ipomoea purpurea, Artemisia absinthium, Mitragyna speciosa, Datura stramonium, and Papaver somniferum. The plant material was pulverized, processed using the manufacturer’s plant protocol for the PDQeX Nucleic Acid Extraction or the manufacturer’s protocol for the Omega extraction, quantified using the Invitrogen Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer, and analyzed for amplifiability by PCR using a Qiagen Rotor‐Gene Q instrument and published assays. The DNA amplicons for the legal high species produced high‐resolution melt curves concordant with the melts observed when DNA was isolated using the Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit in previous studies.
Oxycodone prescribing in the emergency department during the opioid crisis
Authors: Pouryahya Pourya , Birkett William , McR Meyer Alastair D , Louey Stephen , Belhadfa Miriam , Ferdousi Sapphire , Imperial Kimberly , Nguyen Phi , Wang Amber 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveMisuse of prescription opioids is a significant public health issue in Australia. There has been a rapid rise in prescription opioid use, with an associated increase in overdose and death. The over‐prescribing of oral opioids, especially oxycodone, in the ED has been identified as a contributor to this problem overseas. It is unclear if similar practice occurs in the Australian ED. The primary aim of our study was to identify the incidence of oral oxycodone administration to patients within the ED. The secondary outcome was to identify the incidence of oxycodone prescribed to patients on discharge from the ED into the community.MethodsOur study was designed as an observational, retrospective data analysis of the incidence of oxycodone prescribed within the three EDs of a large Australian public health service. All immediate‐release (IR) and slow‐release (SR) oral oxycodone prescribed over a 4‐year period (2015–2018) was included.ResultsThere were 890 557 presentations to the three EDs during the period, which resulted in 288 242 episodes of oxycodone administration within department, equivalent to 324 administrations per 1000 presentations. There were 39 381 prescriptions for oxycodone provided on discharge, resulting in an incidence of 44 prescriptions per 1000 discharged. The most frequently prescribed opioid medication in the ED was oxycodone IR 5 mg, 78.6% of discharge prescriptions generated provided a maximum quantity (20 for IR formulation or 28 for SR) of tablets allowable under the pharmaceutical benefits scheme.ConclusionsThere is a higher incidence of oxycodone prescribing in the Australian ED than previously recognised. An overuse of oxycodone may be contributing to adverse patient outcomes and a public health crisis. Hospitals should consider appropriate steps to reduce the incidence of opioid prescribing and the supply of these medications into the community.
Identification of G protein‐coupled receptors required for vitellogenesis and egg development in an insect with panoistic ovary
Authors: Zheng Hongyuan , Zeng Baojuan , Shang Tiantian , Zhou Shutang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), a superfamily of integral transmembrane proteins regulate a variety of physiological processes in insects. Juvenile hormone (JH) is known to stimulate Vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis in the fat body, secretion into the hemolymph and uptake by developing oocytes. However, the role of GPCRs in JH‐dependent insect vitellogenesis and oocyte maturation remains elusive. In the present study, we performed transcriptomic analysis and RNA interference (RNAi) screening in vitellogenic females of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. Of 22 GPCRs identified in ovarian transcriptome, LGR4, OR‐A1, OR‐A2, Mthl1, Mthl5 and Smo were most abundant in the ovary. By comparison, mAChR‐C expressed at higher levels in the fat body, whereas Oct/TyrR, OARβ, AdoR and ADGRA3 were at higher expression levels in the brain. Our RNAi screening demonstrated that knockdown of six GPCRs resulted in defective phenotypes of Vg accumulation in developing oocytes, accompanied by blocked ovarian development and impaired oocyte maturation. While LGR4 and Oct/TyrR appeared to control Vg synthesis in the fat body, OR‐A1, OR‐A2, mAChR‐C and CirlL regulated Vg transportation and uptake. The findings provide fundamental evidence for deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of GPCRs in JH‐stimulated insect reproduction.
Cone‐beam computed tomography guided unipedicular central stentoplasty of the thoracolumbar spine: Early technical experience and results
Authors: Huang Ivan Kuang Hsin , Pua Uei , Quek Lawrence Han Hwee , Kwan Justin , Lim Gavin Hock Tai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAn unipedicular vertebral body stenting technique, termed ‘central stentoplasty’, was developed at our institution. With this technique, a single vertebral body stent was deployed percutaneously in the midline of the vertebral body using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) guidance.MethodsFrom September 2013 to July 2015, forty‐four patients with fifty‐six vertebral bodies underwent central stentoplasty. All fractures were of osteoporotic, traumatic or malignant aetiology. Information on vertebral body deformity, pre‐ and post‐procedure sagittal index (SI), wedge angle (WA) and anterior vertebral height ratio was analysed. Two patients had combined ablation and stentoplasty for painful spinal metastases.ResultsThere were 11 male and 33 female patients with mean age of 71.5 years (51–90 years). 19 fractured vertebral bodies had more than 30% loss of height. The mean pre‐procedure SI was 0.82, and the mean post‐procedure SI was 0.90. The pre‐procedure WA was −5.56° compared with post‐procedure mean WA of −3.47°. The mean pre‐procedure segmental kyphosis was −4.58°, and the mean post‐procedure segmental kyphosis was −1.46°. Six cases had minimal cement leak, and two cases had a haematoma at the puncture site. None of the patients underwent revision surgery, and postoperative neurological sequelae were not observed.Conclusion‘Central stentoplasty’ is a promising percutaneous vertebral fracture augmentation technique, which is shown to have low complication rates in the treatment of spinal compression fractures or metastases. However, long‐term results need to be further evaluated.
Geriatric fragility fractures are associated with a human skeletal stem cell defect
Authors: Ambrosi Thomas H. , Goodnough L. Henry , Steininger Holly M. , Hoover Malachia Y. , Kim Emiley , Koepke Lauren S. , Marecic Owen , Zhao Liming , Seita Jun , Bishop Julius A. , Gardner Michael J. , Chan Charles K. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFragility fractures have a limited capacity to regenerate, and impaired fracture healing is a leading cause of morbidity in the elderly. The recent identification of a highly purified bona fide human skeletal stem cell (hSSC) and its committed downstream progenitor cell populations provides an opportunity for understanding the mechanism of age‐related compromised fracture healing from the stem cell perspective. In this study, we tested whether hSSCs isolated from geriatric fractures demonstrate intrinsic functional defects that drive impaired healing. Using flow cytometry, we analyzed and isolated hSSCs from callus tissue of five different skeletal sites (n = 61) of patients ranging from 13 to 94 years of age for functional and molecular studies. We observed that fracture‐activated amplification of hSSC populations was comparable at all ages. However, functional analysis of isolated stem cells revealed that advanced age significantly correlated with reduced osteochondrogenic potential but was not associated with decreased in vitro clonogenicity. hSSCs derived from women displayed an exacerbated functional decline with age relative to those of aged men. Transcriptomic comparisons revealed downregulation of skeletogenic pathways such as WNT and upregulation of senescence‐related pathways in young versus older hSSCs. Strikingly, loss of Sirtuin1 expression played a major role in hSSC dysfunction but re‐activation by trans‐resveratrol or a small molecule compound restored in vitro differentiation potential. These are the first findings that characterize age‐related defects in purified hSSCs from geriatric fractures. Our results provide a foundation for future investigations into the mechanism and reversibility of skeletal stem cell aging in humans.
Bidirectional effects between loneliness, smoking and alcohol use: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wootton Robyn E. , Greenstone Harriet S. R. , Abdellaoui Abdel , Denys Damiaan , Verweij Karin J. H. , Munafò Marcus R. , Treur Jorien L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsLoneliness is associated with cigarette smoking and problematic alcohol use. Observational evidence suggests these associations arise because loneliness increases substance use; however, there is potential for reverse causation (problematic drinking damages social networks, leading to loneliness). With conventional epidemiological methods, controlling for (residual) confounding and reverse causality is difficult. This study applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess bidirectional causal effects among loneliness, smoking behaviour and alcohol (mis)use. MR uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome, if the assumptions are satisfied.DesignOur primary method was inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) regression and the robustness of these findings was assessed with five different sensitivity methods.SettingEuropean ancestry.ParticipantsSummary‐level data were drawn from the largest available independent genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of loneliness (n = 511 280), smoking (initiation (n = 249 171), cigarettes per day (n = 249 171) and cessation (n = 143 852), alcoholic drinks per week (n = 226 223) and alcohol dependence (n = 46 568).MeasurementsGenetic variants predictive of the exposure variable were selected as instruments from the respective GWAS.FindingsThere was weak evidence of increased loneliness leading to higher likelihood of initiating smoking, smoking more cigarettes, and a lower likelihood of quitting smoking. Additionally, there was evidence that initiating smoking increases loneliness [IVW, β = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22–0.38, P = 2.8 × 10−13]. We found no clear evidence for a causal effect of loneliness on drinks per week (IVW, β = 0.01, 95% CI = −0.11, 0.13, P = 0.865) or alcohol dependence (IVW, β = 0.09, 95% CI = −0.19, 0.36, P = 0.533) nor of alcohol use on loneliness (drinks per week IVW, β = 0.09, 95% CI = −0.02, 0.22, P = 0.076; alcohol dependence IVW, β = 0.06, 95% CI = −0.02, 0.13, P = 0.162).ConclusionsThere appears to be tentative evidence for causal, bidirectional, increasing effects between loneliness and cigarette smoking, especially for smoking initiation increasing loneliness.
Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype infection associated with anaemia, abortion and death in beef cattle in Western Australia
Authors: Forshaw D , Alex SM , Palmer DG , Cotter J , Roberts WD , Jenkins C , Hair S 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTheileria orientalis infection causes a clinical syndrome in cattle characterised by weakness, reluctance to walk, anaemia, jaundice and death in peri‐parturient cows and young calves, referred to as bovine anaemia caused by Theileria orientalis group (BATOG). Abortions in pregnant cows are also reported. Pallor, pyrexia and elevated heart and respiratory rates are typical findings on physical examination.Case ReportA syndrome of abortions, lethargy, inappetence, jaundice and deaths in beef cattle on two separate properties and a separate cluster of three properties within 15 km west of the town of Denmark in Western Australia was associated with the presence of severe regenerative anaemia and the presence of Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype in blood samples taken from affected cattle and their cohorts. A diagnosis of bovine anaemia caused by the T. orientalis group was based on consistent clinical, haematological, biochemical and PCR findings. Conventional PCR testing detected only the T. orientalis Ikeda type. On the two properties where it was investigated, quantitative PCR testing for parasite load was suggestive of recent infections. Sequencing of T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein gene PCR products demonstrated that they were identical to those from similar bovine cases in New South Wales.ConclusionThe clinical history of affected cattle and the biochemical, haematological and PCR findings were consistent with bovine anaemia caused by the T. orientalis Ikeda genotype. This clinical syndrome had not been recognised in Western Australia before this series of cases.
Renin‐angiotensin system blockade modulates both the peripheral and central components of neuropathic pain in rats: Role of calcitonin gene–related peptide, substance P and nitric oxide
Authors: Hegazy Nora , Rezq Samar , Fahmy Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNonetheless, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers attenuate neuropathic pain (NP), the exact molecular mechanisms of this effect are not completely understood. The study aimed to investigate the role of calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and nitric oxide (NO), which are all involved in pain modulation, in the analgesic effect of different RAAS blockers in NP both on the peripheral and on the central levels. NP was induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI, 14 days) in rats, that were given either centrally (telmisartan and ramipril) or peripherally (losartan and enalapril) acting angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐Is) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Behavioural assessment was performed, and CGRP, SP and NO levels were detected in the injured sciatic nerve and the brainstem at the end of experiment. CCI rats showed increased spontaneous pain response and foot deformity along with elevated CGRP, SP and NO levels. ARBs and ACE‐Is treatment improved pain behaviour and reduced SP and NO levels. However, sciatic CGRP was increased with different interventions and brainstem CGRP was only elevated in the losartan group. These findings suggest an intermediary role of CGRP, SP and NO in RAAS blockers analgesic effect in NP.
Moody and thin‐skinned? The interplay of neuroticism and momentary affect in older romantic couples
Authors: Mueller Swantje , Wagner Jenny , Hueluer Gizem , Hoppmann Christiane A. , Ram Nilam , Gerstorf Denis 
Published: June 2020

Neuroticism is associated with heightened reactivity to social stressors. However, little is known about the micro‐processes through which neuroticism shapes – and is shaped by – affective experiences in close relationships. We examine the extent to which momentary affect is coupled with one’s relationship partner, whether the strength of this coupling differs depending on levels of neuroticism, and whether this coupling and partner’s overall level of positive or negative affect prospectively contribute to differential (rank‐order) changes in neuroticism. Older couples (N = 82, aged 67–93 years) rated their momentary affect six times per day for one week and provided ratings of trait neuroticism at baseline and 18 months later. Multilevel models revealed that among individuals high in neuroticism, individual positive affect was more closely coupled with partner positive affect compared with individuals low in neuroticism. Moreover, neuroticism decreased over time in those participants who showed a higher degree of coupling with partner positive affect and also had a partner with higher overall positive affect. In contrast, neuroticism increased in individuals whose partner had lower overall positive affect. Similar effects were not observed for negative affect. Our findings highlight how relationship partners contribute to daily affective experiences and longer‐term changes in neuroticism.
Risk factors of local recurrence after surgery in extraabdominal desmoid‐type fibromatosis: A multicenter study in Japan
Authors: Nishida Yoshihiro , Hamada Shunsuke , Kawai Akira , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Ogose Akira , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Ae Keisuke , Toguchida Junya , Ozaki Toshifumi , Hirakawa Akihiro , Motoi Toru , Sakai Tomohisa , Kobayashi Eisuke , Gokita Tabu , Okamoto Takeshi , Matsunobu Tomoya , Shimizu Koki , Koike Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study was undertaken to clarify the risk factors, including the mutation status of CTNNB1, for the local recurrence after surgery of the rare disease desmoid‐type fibromatosis. It was designed as a multiinstitutional joint research project with 7 major centers in Japan participating. The committee members of 7 major medical centers specializing in bone and soft tissue tumors formed this study group to develop clinical care guidelines. Of 196 cases with specimens and medical records collected from the 7 institutions, 88 surgically treated ones were analyzed regarding clinicopathologic prognostic factors including CTNNB1 mutation status. Excluding R2 cases (n = 3), 5‐year local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS) was 52.9%. No case had received pre‐ or postoperative radiotherapy. Univariate analysis revealed that extremity location (P < .001) and larger size (8 cm or more, P = .036) were significant adverse risk factors for LRFS. Multivariate analysis indicated that extremity location (P < .001) was a significantly adverse factor in addition to recurrent tumor (P = .041), S45F mutation (P = .028), and R1 surgical margin (P = .039). Preoperative drug treatment, including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, did not reduce the incidence of local recurrence (P = .199). This is the first study to analyze the factors correlating with outcomes of surgical treatment, including CTNNB1 mutation status, in a relatively large number of cases from an Asian country. Tumor location was found to be the most influential prognostic factor for local recurrence, similar to the results from Europe and North America. The development of more sensitive method(s) for determination of CTNNB1 mutation is a priority for future study.