bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ultraviolet radiation on inactivation of microorganisms present in Brazilian diesel fuel
Authors: Neves Andressa C. , Polinarski Marcos A. , Rosado Fábio R. , Fiorini Adriana , da Silva Edson A. , Alves Helton J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work aimed to apply ultraviolet radiation as an alternative treatment to inhibit microbial growth in diesel fuel. Samples of fuel were placed in a reactor equipped with ultraviolet C (UV‐C) radiation lamps (40 W, 253 nm) and a fuel recirculation system. Assays were performed using different UV‐C exposure times (0–360 min), volume (40 and 60 L), and with / without a circulation system. The microorganisms present in diesel were quantified using the drop‐plate technique and spectrophotometric detection (600 nm), and were identified by genetic sequencing. Parameters such as color, specific mass, and kinematic viscosity were evaluated to verify whether UV radiation promotes changes in phyco‐chemical fuel properties. The assay with 360 min of radiation exposure, with a circulation system, caused the microorganism concentration to decrease from 1.50 × 1010 to 3.33 × 102 CFU mL−1, but otherwise did not lead to any significant changes in fuel physicochemical properties. Microorganisms of the genera Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Clostridium sp., Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. were identified. It could be concluded that the use of UV radiation as a microbiological control method resulted in a reduction of around 99% in the concentration of the microorganisms. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Low‐cost medium for 1,3‐propanediol production from crude glycerol by Clostridium butyricum
Authors: Martins Fernanda F , Liberato Vanessa da S S , Ribeiro Cláudia Maria S , Coelho Maria Alice Z , Ferreira Tatiana F 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBio‐based 1,3‐propanediol demand has increased in recent years; however, its production costs are still not competitive in some markets. In this study, Plackett–Burman designs were used to cost medium reduction and 1,3‐propanediol production improvement with Clostridium butyricum. A simple culture medium for 1,3‐propanediol production from crude glycerol using the strain C. butyricum NCIMB 8082 was obtained by eliminating nine components of the usual culture medium. A 5 L fermentation using this simple culture medium was carried out in two steps. The final 1,3‐propanediol concentration was 73.07 g.L−1, achieving a productivity of 3.7 g.L−1.h−1 during the fed‐batch step. The low‐cost medium resulted in a 37% reduction in culture medium cost and a saving of 31% per kg for 1,3‐propandiol produced in comparison with other non‐complex media for 1,3‐propanediol production from crude glycerol reported in the literature © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of Soybean Oil Hydrolysis on Niobium Catalysts
Authors: Andrade Maciel Samia Tássia , Lopes da Silva Alexander Andrey , Guimarães Pedro Yasmin , Nunes da Silva Cristiano , Tavares Câmara Leôncio Diógenes , Ribeiro de Almeida João Monnerat Araújo , Schwingel Ribeiro Emerson , da Silva Gabriel Francisco , Santos Freitas Lisiane , Gomes Aranda Donato Alexandre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe catalytic hydrolysis of soybean oil was used as an alternative for the production of monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG). The reactions were conducted in a stainless‐steel tubular reactor in the temperature range of 240–290 °C, on niobium phosphate (NBP) and niobium oxide (NBO) as catalysts. In the hydrolysis reactions at 270 °C, the maximum selectivities of the products of interest were obtained at 22 % MG and 48 % DG for the reaction with NBP, and 7 % MG and 33 % DG with NBO, for 59 % and 36 % of triglyceride conversion in 10 min, respectively. The proposed kinetic model presented a good fit of the theoretical model with the experimental data, showing that the previous hypotheses considered for the mechanism development are suitable for describing the kinetics of soybean oil hydrolysis.
Stereoselective Remote Functionalization via Palladium‐Catalyzed Redox‐Relay Heck Methodologies
Authors: Bonfield Holly E. , Valette Damien , Lindsay David M. , Reid Marc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExploration of novel, three‐dimensional chemical space is of growing interest in the drug discovery community and with this comes the challenge for synthetic chemists to devise new stereoselective methods to introduce chirality in a rapid and efficient manner. This Minireview provides a timely summary of the development of palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric redox‐relay Heck‐type processes. These reactions represent an important class of transformation for the selective introduction of remote stereocenters, and have risen to prominence over the past decade. Within this Minireview, the vast scope of these transformations will be showcased, alongside applications to pharmaceutically relevant chiral building blocks and drug substances. To complement this overview, a mechanistic summary and discussion of the current limitations of the transformation are presented, followed by an outlook on future areas of investigation.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Bis(silylene)‐Coordinated Calcium and Divalent Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Simler Thomas , Reiter Kevin , Weigend Florian , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDivalent lanthanide complexes of Eu (1) and Yb (2) coordinated by a chelating pyridine‐based bis(silylene) ligand were isolated and fully characterized. Compared to the EuII complex 1, the YbII complex 2 presents a lower thermal stability, resulting in the activation of one SiII−N bond and formation of an YbIII complex (3), which features a unique silylene‐pyridyl‐amido ligand. The different thermal stability of 1 and 2 points towards reduction‐induced cleavage of one SiII−N bond of the bis(silylene) ligand. Successful isolation of the corresponding redox‐inert bis(silylene) CaII complex (5) was achieved at low temperature and thermal decomposition into a CaII complex (4) bearing the same silylene‐pyridyl‐amido ligand was identified. In this case, the thermolysis reaction proceeds through another, non‐redox induced, mechanism. An alternative higher yielding route to 4 was developed through an in situ generated silylene‐pyridyl‐amine proligand.
Experimental and Computational Studies on a Base‐Free Terminal Uranium Phosphinidene Metallocene
Authors: Wang Deqiang , Ding Wanjian , Hou Guohua , Zi Guofu , Walter Marc D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe first stable base‐free terminal uranium phosphinidene metallocene is presented; and its structure and reactivity have been studied in detail and compared to that of the corresponding thorium derivative. Salt metathesis reaction of the methyl iodide uranium metallocene Cp’’’2U(I)Me (2, Cp’’’=η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2) with Mes*PHK (Mes*=2,4,6‐(Me3C)3C6H2) in THF yields the base‐free terminal uranium phosphinidene metallocene, Cp’’’2U=PMes* (3). In addition, density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest substantial 5f orbital contributions to the bonding within the uranium phosphinidene [U]=PAr moiety, which results in a more covalent bonding between the [Cp’’’2U]2+ and [Mes*P]2− fragments than that for the related thorium derivative. This difference in bonding besides steric reasons causes different reactivity patterns for both molecules. Therefore, the uranium derivative 3 may act as a Cp’’’2U(II) synthon releasing the phosphinidene moiety (Mes*P:) when treated with alkynes or a variety of hetero‐unsaturated molecules such as imines, thiazoles, ketazines, bipy, organic azides, diazene derivatives, ketones, and carbodiimides.
Siderophore‐Assisted Dissolution of Iron(III) Hydroxide Oxides from Iron‐Rich Fossil Matrices
Authors: da Costa Justin , Cohen David R. , Magalhães M. Clara F. , Hibbert D. Brynn , Archer Michael , Myers Troy J. , Hand Suzanne J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrent paleontological techniques to separate vertebrate fossils from encasing iron‐rich cements by chemical means are limited by the low solubility of common iron(III) hydroxide oxides such as hematite and goethite. This study examines novel geochemical extractions capable of selectively dissolving iron(III) hydroxide oxides, in aqueous solutions of pH 9–11, without damaging fossilised bones or teeth (hydroxidecarbonate‐apatite). This involves the siderophore ligands pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH), salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH), and acetohydroxamic acid (aHA), whose coordination complexes with iron(III) show exceptionally high formation stability constants. The methods have been tested on natural hematite and fossil containing samples from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area in Australia. Both 0.01 mol dm−3 aHA and 0.001 mol dm−3 PIH at pH 9.7 were able to dissolve over 0.1 mmol dm−3 of the goethite coating bone fragments.
Exploring germline recombination in Nestin‐Cre transgenic mice using floxed androgen receptor
Authors: McLeod Victoria M. , Cuic Brittany , Chiam Mathew D. F. , Lau Chew L. , Turner Bradley J. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe Cre‐loxP strategy for tissue selective gene deletion has become a widely employed tool in neuroscience research. The validity of these models is largely underpinned by the temporal and spatial selectivity of recombinase expression under the promoter of the Cre driver line. Ectopic Cre‐recombinase expression gives rise to off‐target effects which can confound results and is especially detrimental if this occurs in germline cells. The Nestin‐Cre transgenic mouse is broadly used for selective gene deletion in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Here we have crossed this mouse with a floxed androgen receptor (AR) transgenic to generate double transgenic neuronal ARKO mice (ARflox::NesCre) to study germline deletion in male and female transgenic breeders. In male ARflox::NesCre breeders, a null AR allele was passed on to 86% of progeny regardless of the inheritance of the NesCre transgene. In female ARflox/wt::NesCre breeders, a null AR allele was passed on to 100% of progeny where ARflox was expected to be transmitted. This surprisingly high incidence of germline recombination in the Nestin‐Cre driver line warrants caution in devising suitable breeding strategies, consideration of accurate genotyping approaches and highlights the need for thorough characterization of tissue‐specific gene deletion in this model.
Foliar water uptake of fog confers ecophysiological benefits to four common tree species of southeastern freshwater forested wetlands
Authors: Carmichael Mary Jane , White Joseph C. , Cory Scott T. , Berry Z. Carter , Smith William K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFog, dew and cloud‐borne mist are sources of water to vegetation in many ecosystems. The importance of fog as a water source has been documented well beyond ecosystems where plants experience fog for extensive periods over the course of the day (e.g. cloud forests); however, relatively little is known regarding the roles of fog and foliar water uptake in ecosystems such as coastal freshwater wetlands that do not experience fog for extensive periods over the course of the day. Coastal freshwater wetland ecosystems lie on the forefront of climate change‐associated stressors that threaten freshwater supplies to vegetation. Considering the potential impact of climate warming on diminishing coastal fog regimes, an improved understanding of the ecophysiological benefits of fog immersion to the vegetation in these ecosystems is critical for understanding the response of these ecosystems to global climate change. Herein, we investigate the potential for foliar water deposition from fog to act as a direct freshwater subsidy to four tree species (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich., Nyssa aquatica L., Nyssa biflora Walter and Liquidambar styraciflua L.) that are common in coastal freshwater wetlands. All four species showed the capacity for foliar water uptake across the leaf/needle surface, with a ca. 5–10% increase in leaf water content after a 3‐h submersion experiment. Stable isotopes of water provided strong evidence for foliar water uptake in all four species and for bark water uptake in T. distichum after a 24‐h fogging experiment. Fog exposure also resulted in several ecophysiological benefits to the saplings, including significant improvements in pre‐dawn water status and net photosynthesis.
Large‐scale production, purification, and function of a tumor multi‐epitope vaccine: Peptibody with bFGF/VEGFA
Authors: Zhang Ligang , Jiang Chengcheng , Chen Xi , Gu Jiangtao , Song Qifang , Zhong Hui , Xiong Sheng , Dong Qingfeng , Yu Jin‐Chen , Deng Ning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn tumor tissue, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) promote tumorigenesis by activating angiogenesis, but targeting single factor may produce drug resistance and compensatory angiogenesis. The Peptibody with bFGF/VEGFA was designed to simultaneously blockade these two factors. We were aiming to produce this Fc fusion protein in a large scale. The biological characterizations of Peptibody strains were identified as Escherichia coli and the fermentation mode was optimized in the shake flasks and 10‐L bioreactor. The fermentation was scaled up to 100 L, with wet cell weight (WCW) 126 g/L, production 1.41 g/L, and productivity 0.35 g/(L·h) of IPTG induction. The target protein was isolated by cation‐exchange, hydrophobic and Protein A chromatography, with total recovery of 60.28% and HPLC purity of 86.71%. The host cells protein, DNA, and endotoxin residues were within the threshold. In mouse model, immunization of Peptibody vaccine could significantly suppressed the tumor growth and angiogenesis, with inhibition rate of 57.73 and 39.34%. The Peptibody vaccine could elicit high‐titer anti‐bFGF and anti‐VEGFA antibodies, which inhibited the proliferation and migration of Lewis lung cancer cell cells by decreasing the Akt/MAPK signal pathways. Therefore, the Peptibody with bFGF/VEGFA might be used as a therapeutic tumor vaccine. The large‐scale process we developed could support its industrial production and pre‐clinical study in the future.
Manipulated Optical Absorption and Accompanied Photocurrent Using Magnetic Field in Charger Transfer Engineered C/ZnO Nanowires
Authors: Lin Jun‐Xiao , Chen Guan‐Xun , Liao Yen‐Fa , Hsu Tzu‐Chun , Chen Wei‐Jhong , Hung Kuo‐Yi , Huang Ting‐Yi , Lee Jiann‐Shing , Remes Zdenek , Hsu Hua‐Shu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe rarely explored, spin‐polarized band engineering, enables direct dynamic control of the magneto‐optical absorption (MOA) and associated magneto‐photocurrent (MPC) by a magnetic field, greatly enhancing the range of applicability of photosensitive semiconductor materials. It is demonstrated that large negative and positive MOA and MPC effects can be tuned alternately in amorphous carbon (a‐C)/ZnO nanowires by controlling the sp2/sp3 ratio of a‐C. A sizeable enhancement of the MPC ratio (≈15%) appears at a relatively low magnetic field (≈0.2 T). Simulated two peaks spin‐polarized density of states is applied to explain that the alternate sign switching of the MOA is mainly related to the charge transfer between ZnO and C. The results indicate that the enhanced magnetic field performance of (a‐C)/ZnO nanowires may have applications in renewable energy‐related fields and tunable magneto‐photonics.
Medicaid expansion and non‐alcoholic beverage choices by low‐income households
Authors: He Xi , Lopez Rigoberto A. , Boehm Rebecca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the healthfulness of non‐alcoholic beverage (NAB) choices of low‐income households. A theoretical analysis proposes an income effect that increases unhealthy beverage purchases after Medicaid expansion and a nutrition education effect that decreases them. To empirically test these effects, we utilize household‐level data for NAB purchases in 52 U.S. metropolitan areas. Our identification strategy is based on eligible households following the 2012 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to opt out of Medicaid expansion. We examine changes in purchases across NAB categories and in purchases at the product‐brand level. Empirical results indicate that Medicaid expansion resulted in eligible households buying more diet carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) and bottled water, with no effect on regular CSDs, fruit juice, fruit drinks, milk, or tea. Moreover, the expansion led to decreases in sugar purchases and increases in purchases of NAB products with lower sugar content, highlighting the benefits of supplementing the medical benefits of Medicaid with diet quality programs, such as nutrition education.
The role of emotion regulation in the relationship between pretense and executive function in early childhood: For whom is the relationship strongest?
Authors: Thibodeau‐Nielsen Rachel B. , Gilpin Ansley T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExecutive functions (EF) have been identified as important predictors of children's proximal and distal development. Recent research highlights pretend play as a potential mechanism for EF development, and there has been a call to identify for whom pretense in most beneficial. The current study investigated whether an association found between children's propensity towards pretend play in preschool and EF skills 2 years later depended on an aspect of their temperament, specifically their ability to regulate their emotions. Importantly, this was examined in a Head Start population (N = 188 children, ages 4–5), where EF skills are often delayed. Results revealed that pretense was only related to EF among children who had poor ER skills; among children who had trouble regulating their emotions in preschool, engaging in high levels of pretend play was associated with better EF outcomes in first grade. These findings suggest the need for future studies to determine if pretense interventions can assist in the development of EF among children with poor ER skills.HighlightsDoes the association between pretend play and executive function depend on a child's emotion regulation skills?Results among 188 Head Start preschoolers revealed pretense was only related to executive function among children who had trouble regulating their emotions.These findings suggest that adults may want to encourage pretend play among children with poor emotion regulation skills.
Determinants of the Portuguese government bond yields
Authors: Pinho André , Barradas Ricardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper conducts an empirical examination of the determinants of the 10‐, 5‐ and 1‐year Portuguese government bond yields by performing a time series econometric analysis for the period between the first quarter of 2000 and the last quarter of 2016. The literature suggests that the evolution of government bond yields depends on three main risk drivers, namely credit risk, global risk aversion and liquidity risk. We estimate three equations for the 10‐, 5‐ and 1‐year Portuguese government bond yields, including eight independent variables (macroeconomic performance, fiscal conditions, foreign borrowing, the inflation rate, labour productivity, the demographic situation, global risk aversion and liquidity risk) to take into account all three risk drivers referred to in the literature. Our results show that there are no significant differences in the determinants of the Portuguese government bond yields among the different maturities, either in the long term or in the short term. Our results also confirm that all three of the risk drivers have exerted a strong influence on the evolution of the Portuguese government bond yields. Liquidity risk, foreign borrowing and the inflation rate are the main triggers of the rise in the Portuguese government bond yields, which does not counterweigh the beneficial effects played by the fiscal conditions, labour productivity and demographic situation.
Meditation for level of institutional quality to combat income inequality through financial development
Authors: Madni Ghulam Rasool , Anwar Awais 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInstitutional role to perpetuate the relationship between financial development and income inequality has significant importance from policy perspectives. The broadening income inequality and its procurement through financial sector is attracting the worldwide attention of researchers now days. This study is an attempt to investigate the relationship of income inequality and financial development varying with level of institutional quality. To this end, unbalanced panel data set for 124 countries covering the time span 1990–2015 is used applying the instrumental variable threshold regression approach. The estimated results highlight that embedded efficient institutional framework of a country assures more income equality with financial development. Moreover, GDP growth increases the income inequality if institutional quality is below the threshold level while educational attainment is a major factor to decrease it. In respect of policy implications, financial sector may be fruity to overcome income inequality if policy makers bring the level of institutional quality up to threshold level of that country.
Front Cover
Authors: Ivanov Deyan , Dremin Viktor , Bykov Alexander , Borisova Ekaterina , Genova Tsanislava , Popov Alexey , Ossikovski Razvigor , Novikova Tatiana , Meglinski Igor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe detection of colon cancer by using Poincaré sphere and 2D polarimetric imaging approach.Further details can be found in the article by Deyan Ivanov, Viktor Dremin, Alexander Bykov, Ekaterina Borisova, et al. (e202000082).
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Pathophysiological mechanisms of statin‐associated myopathies: possible role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system
Authors: Sahebkar Amirhossein , Cicero Arrigo F.G. , Di Giosia Paolo , Pomilio Irene , Stamerra Cosimo Andrea , Giorgini Paolo , Ferri Claudio , von Haehling Stephan , Banach Maciej , Jamialahmadi Tannaz 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundStatins are the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. While these drugs are generally safe, treatment adherence is not optimal in a considerable proportion of patients because of the adverse effects on skeletal muscles in the forms of myopathy, myalgia, muscular pain, nocturnal muscle cramping, weakness, and rare rhabdomyolysis.MethodsFor the purpose of this narrative review, we searched for the literature suggesting the involvement of the ubiquitin–proteasome system in the development of statin–induced myopathy.ResultsStatins have been shown to up–regulate the expression of the muscle–specific ubiquitin–proteasome system as the major non–lysosomal intracellular protein degradation system. It has been postulated that statins may provoke instability in the myocyte cell membrane when subjected to eccentric exercise stress, triggering activation of intracellular proteolytic cascades and changes in protein degradation machinery. This is accompanied by the up–regulation of a series of genes implicated in protein catabolism, in addition to those of the ubiquitin–proteasome system.ConclusionsBased on the available literature, it seems that the involvement of ubiquitin–proteasome system is potentially implicated in the pathophysiology of statin–induced myopathy.