bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appearances can be deceptive: bizarre shell microanatomy and histology in a new Triassic turtle (Testudinata) from Argentina at the dawn of turtles
Authors: Sterli Juliana , Martínez Ricardo N. , Cerda Ignacio A. , Apaldetti Cecilia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe origin and homology of the turtle shell is one of the most captivating topics in amniote evolution. In this contribution, we present a new species of turtle from the Late Triassic of Argentina whose peripheral plates raise questions about the homology of these bones in turtles. The external morphology of the peripheral plates of Waluchelys cavitesta gen. et sp. nov. (Testudinata, Australochelyidae) is as in any other turtle, however, appearances can be deceptive. Internally, these plates have an unexpected internal cavity. The absence of structural similarities and of ontogenetic or phylogenetic transitional forms between the peripheral plates of W. cavitesta and other testudinatans might suggest that the periphery of turtles represents a case of deep homology. Furthermore, the present and recent findings suggest that the structure and ossification patterns of the periphery of the turtle shell were more plastic and subject to variation than other elements of the shell, at least in the earliest stages of turtle evolution. These findings also suggest that the typical mesochelydian turtle shell could have been acquired in a two‐stage process.
Local bond–slip model for plain surface reinforcement
Authors: Cairns John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNowadays virtually all‐concrete construction uses reinforcement with deformations rolled or indented on the bar surface to improve bond between bar and concrete, but many older structures built with plain surface bars remain in service. The increasing need for assessment of existing construction means there is a continuing need for information on their performance. Research into plain surface bars essentially ceased when ribbed bars became established, and plain bars have consequently been bypassed in developments in understanding and modeling of bond since 1960. The profession's ability to numerically model behavior of concrete structures has expanded dramatically since plain surface reinforcement was discontinued. The option of numerically modeling may be particularly important for assessment of existing structures with noncompliant details. Although the fib Model Code 2010 includes a local bond–slip model for plain surface bars, information on the derivation of the model and supporting evidence of its validation are not available. The current paper analyses data on bond–slip behavior of plain surface bars and demonstrates shortcomings in the fib model. An improved model is proposed and verified against test data from an independent source.
Soil apparent electrical conductivity‐directed sampling design for advancing soil characterization in agricultural fields
Authors: Longo Matteo , Piccoli Ilaria , Minasny Budiman , Morari Francesco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe “4 per 1,000” initiative calls for land management practices that increase soil organic C (SOC). Despite an imperative for accurate SOC measurement, several methodological issues may complicate the verification of C sequestration. The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential advantages of using apparent electrical conductivity (ECa)‐directed sampling to deep (0–90 cm) SOC stock assessment. We compared simple random sampling (SRS) and stratified random sampling (StSRS), with either a fixed or optimized number of samples, in fields managed under conservation agriculture and conventional tillage. The stratification in StSRS was built from ECa maps that showed two different soil conditions—the presence or absence (high‐salinity conditions) of a strong correlation between ECa and soil properties. Treatment and sampling design effects on SOC estimates were tested through a mixed‐model approach. Sampling efficiency was calculated by classical and bootstrap methods. Results suggested that when ECa has a strong relationship with soil properties, StSRS was more efficient than SRS, especially when using an optimal number of samples per stratum. Stratification was based on ECa maps of the no‐till site, which allowed a smaller minimum sample size. When stratification failed due to the effect of salinity on ECa, StSRS efficiency was similar to SRS. These results suggest that ECa–directed sampling, regardless of knowing the relationships between ECa and soil properties, is a win‐win solution to advance soil characterization and SOC stock estimation in agricultural fields of the low Venetian plain. However, further research should investigate EC a–directed sampling where strong patterns not related to SOC could lead to inappropriate stratification or suboptimal sample allocation.
Theoretical study of excitation energy transfer and nonlinear spectroscopy of photosynthetic light‐harvesting complexes using the nonperturbative reduced dynamics method
Authors: Yan Yaming , Liu Yanying , Xing Tao , Shi Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe highly efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) processes in photosynthetic light‐harvesting complexes have attracted much recent research interests. Experimentally, spectroscopic studies have provided important information on the energetics and EET dynamics. Theoretically, due to the large number of degrees of freedom and the complex interaction between the pigments and the protein environment, it is impossible to simulate the whole system quantum mechanically. Effective Hamiltonian models are often used, in which the most important degrees of freedom are treated explicitly and all the other degrees of freedom are treated as a thermal bath. However, even with such simplifications, solving the real‐time quantum dynamics could still be a difficult task. A particular challenging case in simulating the EET dynamics and related spectroscopic phenomena lies in the so‐called intermediate coupling regime, where the intermolecular electronic couplings and the electronic–vibrational couplings are of similar strength. In this article, we review theoretical studies of linear and nonlinear spectroscopic signals of photosynthetic light‐harvesting complexes, using the nonperturbative hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) approach. Simulations were performed for the EET dynamics, various types of linear spectra, two‐dimensional electronic spectra, and pump–probe spectra. Benchmark tests of several approximate methods related to the HEOM approach were also discussed. The results show that the nonperturbative HEOM approach is an effective method in simulating the EET dynamics and spectroscopic signals of photosynthetic light‐harvesting complexes. Important insights into EET pathways, quantum effects including quantum delocalization, and quantum coherence in photosynthetic light‐harvesting complexes were also obtained through such simulations.This article is categorized under:
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Software > Simulation Methods
Water reclamation and reuse
Authors: Zhang Huixin , Sun Huijuan , Liu Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLiterature published in 2019 pertinent to water reclamation and reuse has been classified into five sections: safe reuse, treatment technologies, management, assessment, and case studies. Membranes have been widely applied in integrated processes to polish secondary effluent and achieve high‐quality reclaimed water. Increased efforts have also been made to facilitate feasible and safe water reuse.Practitioner points

This article summarizes literature published in 2019 pertinent to water reclamation and reuse.

Water reclamation and reuse can be classfied into five sections: safe reuse, treatment technology, management, assessment, and case studies.

Membranes were widely used in integrated processes for the production of high‐quality reclaimed water.
Zusammenarbeit von Intensivmedizin und Palliativmedizin
Authors: Berendt J. , Ostgathe C. , Simon S. T. , Tewes M. , Schlieper D. , Schallenburger M. , Meier S. , Gahr S. , Schwartz J. , Neukirchen M. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Intensivmedizin und Palliativmedizin kann die Versorgungsqualität verbessern. Das Ausmaß dieser Zusammenarbeit ist aber bisher kaum untersucht.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es sollten die angebotenen und in Anspruch genommenen palliativmedizinischen Unterstützungsangebote auf den Intensivstationen deutscher onkologischer Spitzenzentren erfasst werden.

Material und Methoden
Durchgeführt wurde eine quantitativ-qualitative, deskriptive Umfrage an den 16 von der Stiftung Deutsche Krebshilfe geförderten Zentren. Die im quantitativen Teil erfragten Häufigkeiten werden als Mittelwert und Median mit den jeweiligen Streumaßen dargestellt, während die im qualitativen Teil erhobenen Triggerfaktoren mit einer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet wurden.

Ergebnisse
Von Juli bis August 2017 konnten Angaben aus 15 von 16 onkologischen Spitzenzentren (94 %) erfasst werden. Im Jahr 2016 wurden im Median 33 Intensivpatienten (Min. 0, Max. 100) palliativmedizinisch vorgestellt und 9 Patienten (Min. 1, Max. 30) auf eine Palliativstation verlegt. Regelmäßige intensivmedizinisch-palliativmedizinische Visiten sowie ein Screening-Tool zur Einbindung der spezialisierten Palliativmedizin sind an zwei onkologischen Spitzenzentren implementiert. Anhand von 23 genannten Triggern, die auf der Intensivstation eine palliativmedizinische Mitbehandlung ausgelöst haben, lassen sich nach qualitativer Analyse die drei Kategorien „Entscheidung und Einstellung des Teams“, „Zustand des Patienten“ und „Wunsch von Patienten und Angehörigen“ ableiten.

Diskussion
Trotz eines verfügbaren Angebots werden palliativmedizinische Ressourcen in den intensivmedizinischen Abteilungen der onkologischen Spitzenzentren immer noch selten genutzt. In die tägliche Routine integrierte Angebote wie Screening-Tools oder gemeinsame Visiten könnten die Ausnutzung der angebotenen palliativmedizinischen Ressourcen erhöhen und die Versorgungsqualität verbessern.
Oral chemolysis is an effective, non-invasive therapy for urinary stones suspected of uric acid content
Authors: Tsaturyan Arman , Bokova Elizaveta , Bosshard Piet , Bonny Olivier , Fuster Daniel G. , Roth Beat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the possible benefit from avoiding stone surgery with all its possible complications, oral chemolysis is rarely performed in patients with urinary stones suspected of uric acid content. Among the reasons for its limited use is the sparse and low-quality data on its efficacy and the lack of reliable factors predicting its outcome. We thus performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of 216 patients (median patient age 63 years) with 272 renal (48%) and/or ureteral (52%) stones treated with oral chemolysis from 01/2010 to 12/2019. Patients with low urine pH (< 6), low stone density upon non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (NCCT), radiolucent urinary stones on plain radiography, and/or a history of uric acid urolithiasis were included. Potassium citrate and/or sodium/magnesium bicarbonate were used for alkalization (target urine pH 6.5–7.2). Median stone size was 9 mm, median stone density 430 Hounsfield Units. Patients with ureteral stones < 6 mm were excluded since stones this small are very likely to pass spontaneously. The stone-free status of each patient was evaluated after 3 months using NCCT. Oral chemolysis was effective with a complete and partial response rate of stones at 3 months of 61% and 14%, respectively; 25% of stones could not be dissolved. Lower stone density (OR = 0.997 [CI 0.994–0.999]; p = 0.008) and smaller stone size (OR = 0.959 [CI 0.924–0.995]; p = 0.025) significantly increased the success rate of oral chemolysis in multivariate logistic regression analysis. More precise stone diagnostics to exclude non-uric-acid stones could further improve outcome.
Simulated clinical deployment of fully automatic deep learning for clinical prostate MRI assessment
Authors: Schelb Patrick , Wang Xianfeng , Radtke Jan Philipp , Wiesenfarth Manuel , Kickingereder Philipp , Stenzinger Albrecht , Hohenfellner Markus , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Maier-Hein Klaus H. , Bonekamp David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo simulate clinical deployment, evaluate performance, and establish quality assurance of a deep learning algorithm (U-Net) for detection, localization, and segmentation of clinically significant prostate cancer (sPC), ISUP grade group ≥ 2, using bi-parametric MRI.MethodsIn 2017, 284 consecutive men in active surveillance, biopsy-naïve or pre-biopsied, received targeted and extended systematic MRI/transrectal US-fusion biopsy, after examination on a single MRI scanner (3 T). A prospective adjustment scheme was evaluated comparing the performance of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and U-Net using sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the Dice coefficient.ResultsIn the 259 eligible men (median 64 [IQR 61–72] years), PI-RADS had a sensitivity of 98% [106/108]/84% [91/108] with a specificity of 17% [25/151]/58% [88/151], for thresholds at ≥ 3/≥ 4 respectively. U-Net using dynamic threshold adjustment had a sensitivity of 99% [107/108]/83% [90/108] (p > 0.99/> 0.99) with a specificity of 24% [36/151]/55% [83/151] (p > 0.99/> 0.99) for probability thresholds d3 and d4 emulating PI-RADS ≥ 3 and ≥ 4 decisions respectively, not statistically different from PI-RADS. Co-occurrence of a radiological PI-RADS ≥ 4 examination and U-Net ≥ d3 assessment significantly improved the positive predictive value from 59 to 63% (p = 0.03), on a per-patient basis.ConclusionsU-Net has similar performance to PI-RADS in simulated continued clinical use. Regular quality assurance should be implemented to ensure desired performance.Key Points• U-Net maintained similar diagnostic performance compared to radiological assessment of PI-RADS ≥ 4 when applied in a simulated clinical deployment.• Application of our proposed prospective dynamic calibration method successfully adjusted U-Net performance within acceptable limits of the PI-RADS reference over time, while not being limited to PI-RADS as a reference.• Simultaneous detection by U-Net and radiological assessment significantly improved the positive predictive value on a per-patient and per-lesion basis, while the negative predictive value remained unchanged.
Choroidale Neovaskularisation infolge einer „punctate inner choroidopathy“, dargestellt mittels optischer Kohärenztomographie-Angiographie
Authors: Leclaire Martin Dominik , Clemens Christoph R. , Eter Nicole , Mihailovic Nataša 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie „punctate inner choroidopathy“ (PIC) geht nicht selten mit der Ausbildung einer choroidalen Neovaskularisation (CNV) einher. Die Identifizierung einer frischen CNV im Rahmen einer PIC ist häufig schwierig. Wir präsentieren einen Fall einer 30-jährigen Patientin mit morphologisch typischer PIC. Eine CNV konnte weder in der optischen Kohärenztomographie (OCT) noch in der Fluoreszeinangiographie (FAG) sicher identifiziert werden. Die OCT-Angiographie (OCT-A) hingegen zeigte eine umschriebene CNV. Der Fall lässt eine hohe Dunkelziffer von nicht diagnostizierten, klinisch stummen und nicht therapiebedürftigen sekundären CNVs im Rahmen von PIC vermuten.
Jejunal obstruction due to rare internal hernia between skeletonized external iliac artery and vein as late complication of laparoscopic hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy—case report and review of literature
Authors: Frenzel Felix , Hollaender Sebastian , Fries Peter , Stroeder Russalina , Stroeder Jonas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Internal herniation of small intestine in the lesser pelvis alongside iliac vasculature is a rare occurrence. Skeletonization of iliac vessels during pelvic lymph node dissection (LND), as part of surgical staging or treatment of patients with uterine, ovarian or urogenital cancer, is a strict prerequisite for orifice formation.

Case presentation
A 68-year-old woman presented at the emergency department with complaints of constipation for the last 3 days and acute-onset abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting since few hours. She had a history of laparoscopic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and para-aortic and pelvic LND 7 years ago. A distended abdomen with diffuse tenderness on palpation was noted. A CT scan demonstrated bowel obstruction secondary to an incarcerated hernia underneath an elongated right external iliac artery. During an emergency exploratory laparotomy, the incarcerated bowel was reduced and the hernial orifice closed with a running suture. The patient had an uneventful postoperative period and was discharged on the fifth postoperative day.

Discussion
This rare internal hernia can manifest with non-specific symptoms of small bowel obstruction at any given point after index surgery, sometimes even after several years free of complaints. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the method of choice for fast and reliable diagnosis and helps in planning the necessary emergency laparotomy.

Conclusion
This life-threatening complication adds to the current controversy of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in patients with endometrial cancer. Primary closure of peritoneal defects should be considered to potentially prevent internal hernias, especially when elongated iliac vessels are present.
The role of prenatal and perinatal factors in eating disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Marzola Enrica , Cavallo Fabio , Panero Matteo , Porliod Alain , Amodeo Laura , Abbate-Daga Giovanni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNumerous studies showed that factors influencing fetal development and neonatal period could lead to lasting alterations in the brain of the offspring, in turn increasing the risk for eating disorders (EDs). This work aims to systematically and critically review the literature on the association of prenatal and perinatal factors with the onset of EDs in the offspring, updating previous findings and focusing on anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). A systematic literature search was performed on Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. The drafting of this systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement criteria and the methodological quality of each study was assessed by the MMAT 2018. A total of 37 studies were included in this review. The factors that showed a more robust association with AN were higher maternal age, preeclampsia and eclampsia, multiparity, hypoxic complications, prematurity, or being born preterm (< 32 weeks) and small for gestational age or lower birth size. BN was only associated with maternal stress during pregnancy. Many methodological flaws emerged in the considered studies, so further research is needed to clarify these inconsistencies. Altogether, data are suggestive of an association between prenatal and perinatal factors and the onset of EDs in the offspring. Nevertheless, given the methodological quality of the available literature, firm conclusions cannot be drawn and whether this vulnerability is specific to EDs or mental disorders remains to be defined. Also, a strong need for longitudinal and well-designed studies on this topic emerged.
Scientific Perspectivism in Secondary-School Chemistry Education
Authors: Landa Ilse , Westbroek Hanna , Janssen Fred , van Muijlwijk Jacqueline , Meeter Martijn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe importance of learning chemical ways of thinking is widely recognized. Various frameworks have been developed to address the essence of chemistry and chemical thinking. However, very few studies have focused on how chemical ways of thinking can be defined. To elaborate chemical ways of thinking, this paper draws on scientific perspectivism (Giere 2010; Wimsatt 2007; Thagard 2012). Scientific perspectivism states that, within each general domain, several broadly accepted theoretical models exist side by side. These general theoretical models, or theoretical perspectives, determine which research questions are generated, which types of models are developed, and which criteria are important for evaluating models. A theoretical perspective can be captured in a core reasoning that embodies the fundamental relationship between model and the “real world.” Starting with their most basic form, perspectives can be used in learning how to reason about all types of ill-structured problems, directing and organizing knowledge development, and integrating knowledge and skills. The study is part of a research project on how perspectivism can be applied to the design of secondary-school chemistry education. This particular study concerns the identification, elaboration, and validation of four chemical perspectives for secondary-school chemistry education. We use these perspectives to indicate the consequences of taking a perspectivism approach to a curriculum framework. We conclude with discussing the consequences for secondary chemistry curriculum.
Adhesion of HVOF-Sprayed WC-Co Coatings on 316L Substrates Processed by SLM
Authors: Tillmann W. , Hagen L. , Schaak C. , Liß J. , Schaper M. , Hoyer K.-P. , Aydinöz M. E. , Garthe K.-U. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDifferent studies have been demonstrated that the surface integrity of substrate bulk materials to be coated has a significant impact on the adhesion of thermally sprayed coatings. It is known that the surface integrity of parts processed by selective laser melting (SLM) differs from those obtained from bulk materials. Although 316L stainless steel is among the most investigated material for SLM, the adhesion of thermally sprayed coatings on 316L stainless steel substrates processed by SLM has not been studied yet. This study aims at evaluating the effect of various mechanical pre-treatments onto 316L stainless steel substrates processed by SLM and their effect on the adhesion of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF)-sprayed WC-Co coatings. To differentiate between topographical effects and residual stress-related phenomena, a stress-relief heat treatment of the SLM substrates served as a reference throughout the investigations. The differently pre-treated SLM substrates were investigated with regard to the surface roughness and residual stresses. For the HVOF-sprayed SLM composites, Vickers interfacial indentation tests were conducted to assess the resulting coating adhesion. The findings demonstrated that the HVOF-sprayed WC-Co coatings predominantly exhibit good adhesion to the SLM 316L substrates. However, it was found that the stress state in the SLM 316L substrate surface is more likely to affect the adhesion of the WC-Co coating, while the substrate surface roughness showed a marginal effect.