bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action capability constrains visuo‐motor complexity during planning and performance in on‐sight climbing
Authors: van Knobelsdorff Marlene H. , van Bergen Nikki G. , van der Kamp John , Seifert Ludovic , Orth Dominic 
Published: August 2020

The capability to adapt to changing conditions is crucial for safe and successful performance in physical activities and sports. According to the affordance‐based control perspective, individuals act in such a way as to take into account the limits of their capability to act. However, it is not clear how strength interacts with skill in shaping performer‐environment interactions. We, therefore, determined whether fingertip strength influences patterns of gaze and climbing behavior on new routes of ever‐increasing difficulty. We expected that comparatively weaker climbers would show less complex behavior because of an inability to perceive and act. Stronger climbers would show more complex visuo‐motor behavior because more opportunities for action remain, even as route difficulty increases. For very strong climbers the route would not be challenging enough, and less complex patterns suffice. Twenty climbers, ranging from lower grade to elite level participated. Maximum fingertip strength was obtained. Participants previewed and then climbed two separate 3 m long traverses, gradually decreasing in edge depth. Gaze and hip positions were collected for subsequent computation of gaze transition entropy (during preview) and hip displacement entropy (during climbing). Data revealed statistically significant curvilinear relationships between both fingertip strength and gaze transition entropy, and fingertip strength, and hip displacement entropy. Visuo‐motor complexity is scaled by how close the individual must act relative to boundaries of what the environment affords and does not afford for action given the individual constraints. Future research should examine in greater detail relationships between action capabilities and functional movement variability.
A universal parallel scheduling approach to polyline and polygon vector data buffer analysis on conventional GIS platforms
Authors: Guo Mingqiang , Han Chengde , Guan Qingfeng , Huang Ying , Xie Zhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the increasing volume of spatial data, conventional vector data buffer analysis algorithms cannot meet the demands of fast data processing, so parallel computing is introduced to accelerate vector data analysis. However, it is difficult for these GIS platforms to adopt parallel approaches to conduct buffer analysis due to their conventional data format and vector buffer analysis algorithms. To address the problem, a universal parallel scheduling approach to buffer analysis on conventional GIS platforms is proposed in this study. First, the key impacting factor of buffer analysis computing time is identified. The relationship between the impacting factor and the buffer analysis computing time is analyzed to generate computational intensity transformation functions. Then, computational intensity grids (CIGs) of polyline and polygon are constructed by partially computing the computational intensity of a lattice. Using the corresponding CIGs, a two‐stage adaptive spatial decomposition method for parallel buffer analysis is developed. Firstly, the whole domain of the spatial vector dataset is divided into sub‐domains, with the computational intensity of each sub‐domain being equal as far as possible; secondly, the features are evenly assigned within the sub‐domains into parallel buffer analysis tasks for load balance. The experiments demonstrate that the approach presented in this article can effectively evaluate and spatially represent the computational intensity of buffer analysis for polylines and polygons. Compared with typical spatial adaptive decomposition methods and regular domain decomposition methods, the new approach accomplishes greater balanced decomposition of computational intensity for parallel buffer analysis and achieves near‐linear speedups. The new approach achieves excellent performance on three conventional GIS platforms, indicating that our approach is an effective parallel scheduling approach to vector data buffer analysis for conventional GIS platforms.
Secondary bacterial culture of platelets to mitigate transfusion‐associated sepsis: A 3‐year analysis at a large academic institution
Authors: Fenwick Alexander J. , Gehrie Eric A. , Marshall Christi E. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Shrestha Ruchee , Kacker Seema , Brunker Patricia A. R. , Shifflett Lisa , Carroll Karen C. , Gozelanczyk Donna , Goel Ruchika , Ness Paul M. , Bloch Evan M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration published its final recommendations to mitigate bacterial contamination of platelets. We sought to evaluate our secondary bacterial culture (SBC) strategy in light of those recommendations.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of SBC data (October 2016‐2019) at our institution. SBC was performed upon receipt (Day 3 after collection); 5 mL of platelet product was inoculated aseptically into an aerobic bottle and incubated at 35°C for 3 days. For 8 months, a 10‐mL inoculum was trialed. No quarantine was applied. All positive cultures underwent Gram staining and repeat culture of the platelet product (if available). A probable true positive was defined as concordant positive culture between the initial and repeat culture. The incidence of probable true‐ and false‐positive cultures were reported descriptively and differences evaluated by sampling volume.ResultsOver 3 years, 55 896 platelet products underwent SBC, yielding 30 initial positive results (approx. 1/1863 platelets); 25 (83.3%) signaled within 24 hours of SBC. The rates of probable true positive, false positive, and indeterminate for 5 mL were 0.027% (1/3771), 0.002% (1/45 251) and 0.018% (1/5656), respectively. The respective rates for 10 mL were 0.018% (1/5323), 0.07% (1/1521), and 0%. Seven of eight (87.5%) false‐positive SBCs occurred with a 10‐mL inoculum. No septic transfusion reactions were reported.ConclusionSBC continues to interdict bacterially contaminated units of platelets. Our findings suggest higher rates of false positivity using large‐volume inocula.
Dynamics of shape recovery by stored red blood cells during washing at the single cell level
Authors: Lu Madeleine , Shevkoplyas Sergey S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypothermic storage transforms red blood cells (RBC) from smooth biconcave discocytes into increasingly spherical spiculated echinocytes and, ultimately, fragile spherocytes (S). Individual cells undergo this transformation at different rates, producing a heterogeneous mixture of RBCs at all stages of echinocytosis in each unit of stored blood. Here we investigated how washing (known to positively affect RBC properties) changes morphology of individual RBCs at the single‐cell level.Study Design and MethodsWe tracked the change in shape of individual RBCs (n = 2870; drawn from six 4‐ to 6‐week‐old RBC units) that were confined in an array of microfluidic wells during washing in saline (n = 1095), 1% human serum albumin (1% HSA) solution (n = 999), and the autologous storage supernatant (control, n = 776).ResultsShape recovery proceeded through the disappearance of spicules followed by the progressive smoothening of the RBC contour, with the majority of changes occurring within the initial 10 minutes of being exposed to the washing solution. Approximately 57% of all echinocytes recovered by at least one morphologic class when washed in 1% HSA (36% for normal saline), with 3% of cells in late‐stage echinocytosis restoring their discoid shape completely. Approximately one‐third of all spherocytic cells were lysed in either washing solution. Cells washed in their autologous storage supernatant continued to deteriorate during washing.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the replacement of storage supernatant with a washing solution during washing induces actual shape recovery for RBCs in all stages of echinocytosis, except for S that undergo lysis instead.
Richardson Extrapolation: An Info-Gap Analysis of Numerical Uncertainty
Authors: Ben-Haim Yakov , Hemez François 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Computational modeling and simulation is a central tool in science and engineering, directed at solving partial differential equations for which analytical solutions are unavailable. The continuous equations are generally discretized in time, space, energy, etc., to obtain approximate solutions using a numerical method. The aspiration is for the numerical solutions to asymptotically converge to the exact-but-unknown solution as the discretization size approaches zero. A generally applicable procedure to assure convergence is unavailable. The Richardson extrapolation is the main method for dealing with this challenge, but its assumptions introduce uncertainty to the resulting approximation. We use info-gap decision theory to model and manage its main uncertainty, namely, in the rate of convergence of numerical solutions. The theory is illustrated with a numerical application to Hertz contact in solid mechanics.
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) therapy in metastatic melanoma: boosting of neoantigen-specific T cell reactivity and long-term follow-up
Authors: van den Berg Joost H , Heemskerk Bianca , van Rooij Nienke , Gomez-Eerland Raquel , Michels Samira , van Zon Maaike , de Boer Renate , Bakker Noor A M , Jorritsma-Smit Annelies , van Buuren Marit M , Kvistborg Pia , Spits Hergen , Schotte Remko , Mallo Henk , Karger Matthias , van der Hage Joris A , Wouters Michel W J M , Pronk Loes M , Geukes Foppen Marnix H , Blank Christian U , Beijnen Jos H , Nuijen Bastiaan , Schumacher Ton N , Haanen John B A G 
Published: August 2020

Treatment of metastatic melanoma with autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is currently applied in several centers. Robust and remarkably consistent overall response rates, of around 50% of treated patients, have been observed across hospitals, including a substantial fraction of durable, complete responses.PurposeExecute a phase I/II feasibility study with TIL therapy in metastatic melanoma at the Netherlands Cancer Institute, with the goal to assess feasibility and potential value of a randomized phase III trial.ExperimentalTen patients were treated with TIL therapy. Infusion products and peripheral blood samples were phenotypically characterized and neoantigen reactivity was assessed. Here, we present long-term clinical outcome and translational data on neoantigen reactivity of the T cell products.ResultsFive out of 10 patients, who were all anti-PD-1 naïve at time of treatment, showed an objective clinical response, including two patients with a complete response that are both ongoing for more than 7 years. Immune monitoring demonstrated that neoantigen-specific T cells were detectable in TIL infusion products from three out of three patients analyzed. For six out of the nine neoantigen-specific T cell responses detected in these TIL products, T cell response magnitude increased significantly in the peripheral blood compartment after therapy, and neoantigen-specific T cells were detectable for up to 3 years after TIL infusion.ConclusionThe clinical results from this study confirm the robustness of TIL therapy in metastatic melanoma and the potential role of neoantigen-specific T cell reactivity. In addition, the data from this study supported the rationale to initiate an ongoing multicenter phase III TIL trial.
An open-label, phase II multicohort study of an oral hypomethylating agent CC-486 and durvalumab in advanced solid tumors
Authors: Taylor Kirsty , Loo Yau Helen , Chakravarthy Ankur , Wang Ben , Shen Shu Yi , Ettayebi Ilias , Ishak Charles A , Bedard Philippe L , Abdul Razak Albiruni , R Hansen Aaron , Spreafico Anna , Cescon Dave , Butler Marcus O , Oza Amit M , Lheureux Stephanie , Stjepanovic Neda , Van As Brendan , Boross-Harmer Sarah , Wang Lisa , Pugh Trevor J , Ohashi Pamela S , Siu Lillian L , De Carvalho Daniel D 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo evaluate whether administration of the oral DNA hypomethylating agent CC-486 enhances the poor response rate of immunologically ‘cold’ solid tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitor durvalumab.Experimental designPD-L1/PD-1 inhibitor naïve patients with advanced microsatellite stable colorectal cancer; platinum resistant ovarian cancer; and estrogen receptor positive, HER2 negative breast cancer were enrolled in this single-institution, investigator-initiated trial. Two 28 day regimens, regimen A (CC-486 300 mg QD Days 1–14 (cycles 1–3 only) in combination with durvalumab 1500 mg intravenous day 15) and regimen B (CC-486 100 mg QD days 1–21 (cycle 1 and beyond), vitamin C 500 mg once a day continuously and durvalumab 1500 mg intravenous day 15) were investigated. Patients underwent paired tumor biopsies and serial peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collection for immune-profiling, transcriptomic and epigenomic analyzes.ResultsA total of 28 patients were enrolled, 19 patients treated on regimen A and 9 on regimen B. The combination of CC-486 and durvalumab was tolerable. Regimen B, with a lower dose of CC-486 extended over a longer treatment course, showed less grade 3/4 adverse effects. Global LINE-1 methylation assessment of serial PBMCs and genome-wide DNA methylation profile in paired tumor biopsies demonstrated minimal changes in global methylation in both regimens. The lack of robust tumor DNA demethylation was accompanied by an absence of the expected ‘viral mimicry’ inflammatory response, and consequently, no clinical responses were observed. The disease control rate was 7.1%. The median progression-free survival was 1.9 months (95% CI 1.5 to 2.3) and median overall survival was 5 months (95% CI 4.5 to 10).ConclusionsThe evaluated treatment schedules of CC-486 in combination with durvalumab did not demonstrate robust pharmacodynamic or clinical activity in selected immunologically cold solid tumors. Lessons learned from this biomarker-rich study should inform continued drug development efforts using these agents.Trial registration numberNCT02811497.
Benefit of primary percutaneous coronary interventions in the elderly with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Fernández-Bergés Daniel , Degano Irene R , Gonzalez Fernandez Reyes , Subirana Isaac , Vila Joan , Jiménez-Navarro Manuel , Perez-Fernandez Silvia , Roqué Mercé , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Fernandez-Aviles Francisco , Mayorga Antonio , Bertomeu-Gonzalez Vicente , Sanchis Juan , Rodríguez Esteban Marcos , Sanchez-Hidalgo Antonio , Sanchez-Insa Esther , Elorriaga Ane , Abu Assi Emad , Nuñez Alberto , Garcia Ruiz Jose Manuel , Morrondo Valdeolmillos Pedro , Bosch-Portell Daniel , Lekuona Iñaki , Carrillo-Lopez Andres , Zamora Alberto , Vega-Hernandez Berta , Alameda Serrano Javier , Rubert Catalina , Ruiz-Valdepeñas Luis , Quintas Laura , Rodríguez-Padial Luis , Vaquero Jessica , Martinez Dolz Luis , Barrabes Jose A , Sanchez Pedro L , Sionis Alessandro , Martí-Almor Julio , Elosua Roberto , Lidon Rosa-María , Garcia-Dorado David , Marrugat Jaume 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivePrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI) has demonstrated its efficacy in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, patients with STEMI ≥75 years receive less P-PCI than younger patients despite their higher in-hospital morbimortality. The objective of this analysis was to determine the effectiveness of P-PCI in patients with STEMI ≥75 years.MethodsWe included 979 patients with STEMI ≥75 years, from theATención HOspitalaria del Síndrome coronariostudy, a registry of 8142 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted at 31 Spanish hospitals in 2014–2016. We calculated a propensity score (PS) for the indication of P-PCI. Patients that received or not P-PCI were matched by PS. Using logistic regression, we compared the effectiveness of performing P-PCI versus non-performance for the composite primary event, which included death, reinfarction, acute pulmonary oedema or cardiogenic shock during hospitalisation.ResultsOf the included patients, 81.5 % received P-PCI. The matching provided two groups of 169 patients with and without P-PCI. Compared with its non-performance, P-PCI presented a composite event OR adjusted by PS of 0.55 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.89).ConclusionsReceiving a P-PCI was significantly associated with a reduced risk of major intrahospital complications in patients with STEMI aged 75 years or older.
Cholesterol induced heart valve inflammation and injury: efficacy of cholesterol lowering treatment
Authors: El-Khatib Layan A , De Feijter-Rupp Heather , Janoudi Abed , Fry Levi , Kehdi Michael , Abela George S 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundHeart valves often undergo a degenerative process leading to mechanical dysfunction that requires valve replacement. This process has been compared with atherosclerosis because of shared pathology and risk factors. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of inflammation triggered by cholesterol infiltration and cholesterol crystals formation causing mechanical and biochemical injury in heart valves.MethodsHuman and atherosclerotic rabbit heart valves were evaluated. New Zealand White male rabbits were fed an enriched cholesterol diet alone or with simvastatin and ezetimibe simultaneous or after 6 months of initiating cholesterol diet. Inflammation was measured using C-reactive protein (CRP) and RAM 11 of tissue macrophage content. Cholesterol crystal presence and content in valves was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy.ResultsCholesterol diet alone induced cholesterol infiltration of valves with associated increased inflammation. Tissue cholesterol, CRP levels and RAM 11 were significantly lower in simvastatin and ezetimibe rabbit groups compared with cholesterol diet alone. However, the treatment was effective only when initiated with a cholesterol diet but not after lipid infiltration in valves. Aortic valve cholesterol content was significantly greater than all other cardiac valves. Extensive amounts of cholesterol crystals were noted in rabbit valves on cholesterol diet and in diseased human valves.ConclusionsPrevention of valve infiltration with cholesterol and reduced inflammation by simvastatin and ezetimibe was effective only when given during the initiation of high cholesterol diet but was not effective when given following infiltration of cholesterol into the valve matrix.
Wormholes in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Jusufi Kimet , Banerjee Ayan , Ghosh Sushant G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent times witnessed a significant interest in regularizing, a $$ D \rightarrow 4 $$D→4 limit, of EGB gravity initiated by Glavan and Lin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 081301 (2020)] by re-scaling GB coupling constant as $$\alpha /(D-4)$$α/(D-4) and taking limit $$D \rightarrow 4$$D→4, and in turn these regularized 4D gravities have nontrivial gravitational dynamics. Interestingly, the maximally or spherically symmetric solution to all the regularized gravities coincides in the 4D case. In view of this, we obtain an exact spherically symmetric wormhole solution in the 4D EGB gravity for an isotropic and anisotropic matter sources. In this regard, we consider also a wormhole with a specific radial-dependent shape function, a power-law density profile as well as by imposing a particular equation of state. To this end, we analyze the flare-out conditions, embedding diagrams, energy conditions and the volume integral quantifier. In particular our −ve branch results, in the limit $$\alpha \rightarrow 0$$α→0, reduced exactly to vis-$$\grave{a}$$a`-vis 4D Morris-Thorne of GR.
Interplay Between V-ATPase G1 and Small EV-miRNAs Modulates ERK1/2 Activation in GBM Stem Cells and Nonneoplastic Milieu
Authors: Bertolini Irene , Storaci Alessandra Maria , Terrasi Andrea , Cristofori Andrea Di , Locatelli Marco , Caroli Manuela , Ferrero Stefano , Altieri Dario C. , Vaira Valentina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The ATP6V1G1 subunit (V1G1) of the vacuolar proton ATPase (V-ATPase) pump is crucial for glioma stem cells (GSC) maintenance and in vivo tumorigenicity. Moreover, V-ATPase reprograms the tumor microenvironment through acidification and release of extracellular vesicles (EV). Therefore, we investigated the role of V1G1 in GSC small EVs and their effects on primary brain cultures. To this end, small EVs were isolated from patients-derived GSCs grown as neurospheres (NS) with high (V1G1HIGH-NS) or low (V1G1LOW-NS) V1G1 expression and analyzed for V-ATPase subunits presence, miRNA contents, and cellular responses in recipient cultures. Our results show that NS-derived small EVs stimulate proliferation and motility of recipient cells, with small EV derived from V1G1HIGH-NS showing the most pronounced activity. This involved activation of ERK1/2 signaling, in a response reversed by V-ATPase inhibition in NS-producing small EV. The miRNA profile of V1G1HIGH-NS–derived small EVs differed significantly from that of V1G1LOW-NS, which included miRNAs predicted to target MAPK/ERK signaling. Mechanistically, forced expression of a MAPK-targeting pool of miRNAs in recipient cells suppressed MAPK/ERK pathway activation and blunted the prooncogenic effects of V1G1HIGH small EV. These findings propose that the GSC influences the brain milieu through a V1G1-coordinated EVs release of MAPK/ERK-targeting miRNAs. Interfering with V-ATPase activity could prevent ERK-dependent oncogenic reprogramming of the microenvironment, potentially hampering local GBM infiltration.

Implications:
Our data identify a novel molecular mechanism of gliomagenesis specific of the GBM stem cell niche, which coordinates a V-ATPase–dependent reprogramming of the brain microenvironment through the release of specialized EVs.
Filtering and analyzing normal and abnormal electromyogram signals
Authors: Elouaham S. , Dliou A. , Laaboubi Mostafa , Latif R. , Elkamoun N. , Zougagh H. 
Published: August 2020

<p><span>The electromyogram (EMG) is an important measurement to assess the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them. The appearance of noise in electromyography (EMG) signals may unquestionably minimize the efficiency of the analysis of the signal. The denoising techniques are inevitable for minimizing noise affecting the EMG signals; these methods are Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decompositions with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) and the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD). After that, we analyze these signals by time-frequency techniques as Adaptive Optimal Kernel (AOK) and Choi-Williams. Firstly, the obtained results illustrate the effectiveness of the CEEMDAN that permits reducing noise that interferes with normal and abnormal EMG signals with higher resolution than other techniques used as EEMD. Secondly, they show that the AOK technique is adapted to the detection and classification of these types of normal and abnormal EMG signals by the good localization of the Motor Unit Action Potentials (MUAPs) in the time-frequency plan. This paper shows the efficiency of the combination of the AOK and CEEMDAN techniques in analyzing the EMG signals. </span></p>