bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the radar signal reflection from the lunar surface
Authors: Yushkova Olga , Iushkov Viacheslav , Rudamenko Roman 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To determine the structure and mineralogical composition of lunar subsurface a radar complex RLK-L will be installed on the “Luna-26” spacecraft. The inverse problem solution of subsurface sounding will be more accurate if all factors affecting the shape of the reflected signal are taken into account. Topography is one such factor. The article deals with modelling the reflection of a radio signal from a rough surface. An analysis of a series of numerical experiments showed that destruction of high frequency part of the spectrum depends on the dispersion of the inhomogeneities’ heights in reflection spot. The simulation results are consistent with previously performed experimental measurements and well-known theoretical estimates. Therefore, in radar experiments, it makes sense to first analyze the signals reflected from smooth areas, then from the area in which a three-dimensional digital model of lunar surface reveals the presence of depressions, and then areas with mountain ranges.
The bandwidth-duration product of the received radar signal as a criterion for observing wind field inhomogeneity
Authors: Zhukov V Y , Denisenkov D A , Shchukin G G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The coherent mode meteorological radars applicability to recognizing weather hazard associated with wind fields inhomogeneity is analyzed. It is noted that for the aviation weather service the estimates of the received reflections spectral characteristics prove to be little informative. Problems that hinder the use of these phenomena detection results have been identified. It is proposed that new methods based on estimates of the reflected signal spectrum width and methods based on the detection of the complexity of the received signal, which is the sum of two reflections from different air masses with different characteristics, should be used for this purpose. As an indicator of this complication, it is assumed to use the bandwidth-duration product, which is a product of its energy spectrum width by the interval of its amplitude correlation. The theoretical calculation results of the bandwidth-duration product, which spectrum consists of two Gaussian form components, for different values of average frequency and/or width, are given. The received data allow asserting that the bandwidth-duration product practically does not change at small differences of Doppler shifts of signal components, but very sensitively reacts to a difference in a spectrum width, i.e. in the most interesting cases for a solved problem.
Algorithm for designing low-noise frequency synthesizers for remote sensing systems
Authors: Romashov V V , Yakimenko K A , Romashova L V , Doktorov A N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Frequency synthesizer is an important component of radar tracking system for remote sensing. Synthesizers generate wideband radio frequency signals with high frequency resolution. Parameters of radar depend on the synthesizers phase noise. This paper presents algorithm for structural design of signal generators based on various synthesis methods: direct, indirect and hybrid ones. Specialized software based on presented algorithm was developed in this work. Software allows calculating frequency ratios in the structure of synthesizers, selecting optimal parameters which can provide low phase noise level. Also software allows performing mathematical modelling and analysis of phase noise power spectral density (PSD) of frequency synthesizers. Presented algorithm and software can be useful for developers of remote sensing radio systems.
The Tangential Velocity MTI Algorithms in Space-borne Systems for Remote Sensing of the Earth
Authors: Kostrov V V , Tolstov E F , Khramov K K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the problem of moving target indication (MTI) using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is considered. The focus of the article is the tangential component of velocity. Two tangential velocity MTI algorithms are considered. The first algorithm uses two apertures with various synthetic time of the radar image (AVST algorithm), and the second uses two apertures displaced along trajectory (ADAT algorithm). The structure of the MTI system based on the analysis of phase and amplitude radar images is considered. For S band and X band SAR, the phase change in the trajectory signal of a moving target, the effects of shift and bifurcation of target responses on the radar image are analyzed in detail. It was found that the AVST algorithm has a small working range of unambiguous velocity estimate (up to ±10 m/s). It is shown that the ADAT algorithm has a higher quality of work in a wide velocity range and can effectively suppress the signals of stationary objects by 20…30 dB. The obtained characteristics allow us to make demands on the parameters of space-borne systems for remote sensing of the Earth and processing systems.
Features of Through-Wall Radars Development for Detecting of Moving Objects behind Optically Opaque Barriers
Authors: Ioda S V , Vasiliev Ya O , Marchuk V N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Detecting people behind optically opaque barriers is an urgent task of the modern world. It allows to solve problems in the following areas: conducting anti-terrorist operations, searching people under rubble and avalanches, security measures. This article describes the device features developed on the basis of the radio wave methods usage, which makes it possible to detect moving objects behind optically opaque obstacles. The performance of the instrument is improved over the prototype broadband radar for detecting people behind optically opaque obstacles “Dannik-5”, developed at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise SDB IRE RAS. Unique ultra-wideband small-sized printed antennas have been developed for the device. Thanks to them, its directional diagram has been improved, a clearer restructuring in the field of view and a more accurate determination of the location of a moving object are provided. The use of small-sized printed antennas and an optimized internal layout of the device made it possible to improve the shielding of the device, which eliminated its susceptibility to objects moving on the side and behind the radar, and also made it possible to significantly improve its mass-dimensional characteristics. Comparative characteristics in relation to domestic devices and foreign analogs are given. The device is competitive with world analogues.
Application high-speed digital-to-analog converters for direct digital synthesis of high-frequency radio signals
Authors: Romashov V V , Doktorov A N , Yakimenko K A , Sochneva N A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The main features of high-speed digital-to-analog converters designed for direct digital synthesis of radio frequency signals in the UHF and microwave ranges are presented. A block diagram of a digital signal generator based on high-speed DACS is proposed. These DACs are designed to create digital signal generators that work based on the direct digital synthesis method. The main specialized modes of operation of high-speed digital-to-analog converters that allow efficient use of extra components of the spectrum are studied. Images of the main frequency of synthesis occur when the signal is restored from digital to analog form. Special operating modes of high-speed DACS allow you to create broadband and ultra-wideband signals. The use of high-speed digital-to-analog converters in special modes of operation makes it possible to simplify the block diagrams of digital signal generator. The scheme is simplified by reducing the number of cascades of the output frequency multipliers.
Elimination of Interference in Through-Wall Radars
Authors: Marchuk V N , Ioda S V , Vasiliev Ya O 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The fight against terrorist threats is highly relevant in the modern world. When developing devices for countering terrorism, their reliability and stability are very important. One such device is a device for detecting people behind optically opaque obstacles, which can detect the movement of people behind a wall and determine their number. However, the influence of interference effects that occur when summing up the reflected signals arriving by different propagation paths and, accordingly, having different phase shifts, leads to the fact that the observed image of the target can flicker and even disappear from the device screen for a considerable time, which is unacceptable in combat conditions. This article discusses various ways to eliminate interference, and on the basis of theoretical calculations, the most effective and cost-effective ways to eliminate the influence of interference effects in devices for detecting people behind optically opaque barriers are proposed. The obtained theoretical conclusions are confirmed experimentally.
Ground-based Microwave Radiometry for measurements of Atmospheric Water Vapour and Cloud Liquid Water Contents
Authors: Karavaev D M , Shchukin G G , Efremenko A N 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe method of ground-based microwave radiometry for determining the integral parameters of atmospheric moisture content, such as integrated water vapor and cloud liquid water content is considered. Some results of experimental studies of integrated water vapor and integrated cloud liquid in different regions by means of ground-based and ship-based of microwave radiometers are given. The microwave radiometric measurements of integrated water vapor were found to be in agreement with independent radiosonding data (rms is ∼1 kg/m2). Microwave radiometric measurements of integrated cloud liquid of stratified clouds are consistent with empirical models of cloudy atmosphere based on aircraft data sensing of clouds. The capabilities of the novel microwave water vapor radiometer for studying variations in atmospheric moisture content on micro and meso scales were demonstrated. Histograms of the moisture content are obtained, and an approximation for the temporal structural function of the integrated water vapor in a wide range of time scales is discussed.
The space observation systems’ imagers computer modeling
Authors: Sedunov B I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The computer modeling of widely used in the space observation systems charge coupled devices matrix imagers with the time delay and integration regime is presented here. To suppress the aliasing problem of output images distortion, caused by the matrix discrete structure, the algorithm of every pixel conversion to 9 subpixels has been modeled. This algorithm performs the digital interpolation of output images and presents an approximation of the Kotel’nikov two dimensional low-pass filter. To study the effect of the imager’s output signals processing the Modulation transfer function with a sinusoidal law of the matrix illumination had been used. The image motion influence on the imager’s resolution had been modeled to estimate the Modulation transfer function anisotropy in the time delay and integration regime. The paper results open new ways to improve the space observation systems’ resolution.
The Influencing Factors of Bacillus megaterium Affect the Growth of the Antagonistic Strain and the Activities of Antibacterial Substances
Authors: Sun Ran , Xiao Yang , Guo Bokai , Li Zhu , Wan Ke , Yang Long , Zhao Jinyi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
164 strains of Antagonistic bacteria were isolated from 131 mature-period soil samples from eight counties in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, China. In this study, the antagonistic bacteria that inhibited Alternaria alternata were screened and isolated. In addition, the antagonistic strain L2 was identified as Bacillus megaterium. Influencing factors also demonstrated that the suitable conditions for the production of antibacterial substances by strain L2 are as follows: liquid volume 50 mL/500 mL at pH 7.0 and 30°C under oscillation culture conditions, with beef extract as the carbon, nitrogen source.
Sand and Dust Hazard Risk Zoning for Ningxia Expressway
Authors: Wu Wanli , Guo Xiaohui , Liu Yao , Ma Lei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Based on GIS and AHP methods, the risk assessment and research of expressway sand and dust hazard are carried out from three aspects: 1) dangerous hazard formative factors, 2) environmental sensitivity, and 3) hazard-affected bodies vulnerability. According to 24 stations from 1981 to 2018 in observation data, the risk zoning is given combined with geographic information data. The results show thatthe high-risk areas are located in Yanchi section of Qingyin expressway (G20), Yanchi section of Dingwu expressway (G2012) and Ningxia section of Yane expressway. The higher risk areas are located in Xingren-downstream section of Beijing-Tibet expressway (G6), Zhongwei section of Dingwu expressway (G2012), Gunquan section of Beijing-Tibet expressway (G6) and Qingtongxia section of Wuma expressway (G1816). The medium risk areas are located in Huinong section of Beijing-Tibet expressway (G6), southern section of Yinchuan ring expressway, Ningdong section of Qingyin expressway (G20) and Taiyangshan-Maerzhuang section of Dingwu expressway (G2012). The dust risk is generally low in Wuzhong section of Beijing-Tibet expressway (G6), Wuzhong section of Yinkun expressway (G85), Tongxin south section of Fuyin expressway (G70) and Ningxia section of Qinglan expressway (G22), etc.
An Overview of Sustainable Highway Infrastructure Development in Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhang Junjie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Highway infrastructure development in Yunnan Province remains a top priority for the Chinese Government, the aim is to improve access to neighbouring countries and support economic growth and social development in the province. While the social and economic benefits of highway infrastructure projects are indisputable, sustainable performance still leaves room for improvement in Yunnan. In an effort to promote a more sustainable approach to decisions relating to highway infrastructure projects, this paper explore the critical issues associated with sustainable highway infrastructure. Firstly, reviewed the economic, social and environmental background of Yunnan, and explain the functions of highways in its socio-economic development. After a brief overview of the conditions and future demands for highway infrastructure in Yunnan, analysed the challenges of building highways in a sustainable way.
Research on Structural Design of Friction Test Based on Finite Element Analysis Heory
Authors: Liu Xiao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The thesis uses the ring upsetting method to study the determination of the friction coefficient in volume forming. Use finite element analysis to determine a set of friction coefficient calibration curves, and use the ring upset test to determine the percentage change rate of the ring inner diameter. The relationship curve between the ratio and the compression percentage of the ring height. By comparing the curves, the friction coefficient between the mold material and the forming material is obtained. The friction coefficient between the 6A02CZ material and the steel was determined when the 6A02CZ material was volume shaped in the steel mold. The friction coefficients of the 6A02CS material in the absence of lubricants and lubricants were 0.325 and 0.3, respectively. Studies have shown that the method of combining the finite element method and the ring upsetting test is more suitable for the finite element analysis in plastic volume forming.
Research on Electrochemical Molecular Imprinting Sensor of P-Feco Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Lei , Zheng Bixuan , Tang Mingguo , Feng Junchuang , Huang Kun , Liu Yile 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The electrochemical sensor is based on the principle of electrochemistry, which connects the concentration change of the tested component with the electrochemical signal. So as to provide real-time information of chemical components in the detected system. When electrochemical method is used to detect the tested object, it has the advantages of relatively simple detection process, fast detection speed, high sensitivity and low cost, so it has become a research hotspot in the field of analysis. In this paper, five preparation methods of MIPs are introduced, which have the characteristics of high affinity and stability. Then, the electrochemical sensor is constructed by molecularly imprinted technology combined with nanomaterials. It is a simple and convenient electrochemical sensor to detect the metal synthetic materials closely related to people’s health in life. The surface current density of Nb2O5 / GO composite was increased by using FeCo nanoparticle material, and molecular imprinting technology was used. On the one hand, the carrier properties of composite materials are used. On the other hand, FeCo nanoparticles, which enhance the junction of molecularly imprinted and composite materials, are a kind of nanocomposites with many excellent properties. It has high activity of electrochemistry catalysis, high current density on the surface of electrode and long-term stability.
Research Progress on the Photoelectric Properties of Indium-Doped Cadmium Oxide Transparent Conductive Films
Authors: Shi Xiongfei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Indium-doped cadmium oxide (CdO: In) thin films have excellent photoelectric properties, and have broad application prospects in the fields of photoelectric devices, enhanced spectroscopy, and the like. In recent years, the influence law and internal mechanism of various preparation technologies and process conditions on the photoelectric performance of CdO: In thin films are still one of the research hotspots. The preparation methods of CdO: In transparent conductive thin films were reviewed, the effects of various preparation process conditions on the photoelectric performance of the thin films were discussed, and the future research directions of CdO: In thin films were given.
Isolation and Identification of Bird Viruses in Wetland Ecology
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Hanping , Chen Guang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In order to study the occurrence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in wild birds of Honghu wetland in Hubei, we collected wild bird feces samples in the wild bird habitat of Honghu in Hubei in the winter and spring of 2017 ∼ 2019. By SPF chicken embryo isolation, hemagglutination-positive samples were identified by RT-PCR. A total of 38 NDV and 3 mixed viruses including NDV and avian influenza virus (AIV) were detected. The results showed that the NDV positive rate in wild birds was about 1%. These monitoring results lay the foundation for further understanding the status of NDV carried by wild birds and formulating corresponding preventive measures.
Application and Research Based on Green Landscape Materials in Interior Design
Authors: Li HuiJuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Because indoor building materials are not environmentally friendly or the decoration methods are not reasonable enough, it poses certain harm to human health, and there are also problems such as waste of resources. With the proposal of the green economy and sustainable development strategy, the application of green building materials has gradually been valued. Nowadays, people pay more attention to environmental protection and health care. As a bamboo with low carbon and environmentally friendly materials, it is also the first choice for interior design materials. As an energy-saving and environmentally friendly material that can replace traditional building decoration materials, bamboo materials can not only improve the comprehensive utilization of resources and energy, but also reduce the pollution caused to the environment. Nowadays, bamboo fiber, bamboo charcoal and other health care materials have entered our lives, so the use of bamboo materials in interior design will have great potential for development. This paper analyzes bamboo functional materials as a case, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of bamboo artificial materials in modern interior design. From the perspective of design, it discusses how to exert the functional advantages of bamboo materials, and hopes to play the role of bamboo in the decoration industry in the future.
Study on the Variation of Microbial Diversity during the Fermentation of Potato Liquor Based on Biolog ECO Technology
Authors: Yang Liuwei , Lin Qiao , Yang Yuxin , Zhao Shudong , Ren Yanling , Chen Yao , Luo Bangzhou 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There are many kinds of microorganisms in the fermentation process of potato liquor. Using the technology of Biolog Eco, the changes of microbial diversity in different fermentation periods were studied. The results showed that the AWCD value of microorganism in the fermentation process of potato liquor was increasing, and the AWCD value of the sample on the sixth day of fermentation was higher than that of other fermentation time samples. The results showed that the values of dominance index and diversity index of the samples on the sixth day of fermentation were higher than those of the samples in other fermentation periods, but the overall difference was not significant; the value of richness index of the samples before loading was the highest, and the value of richness index decreased after the start of fermentation, and the difference in the later stage of fermentation was small. The utilization of various carbon sources by microorganisms showed that in the process of potato liquor fermentation, microorganisms mainly used carbohydrate, polymer and amino acid carbon sources, but less used carboxylic acid, amine and phenolic acid carbon sources. The results of principal component analysis of microbial community showed that the highest carbon source was D-xylose / pentanose, and the lowest carbon source was D, l-α-Glycerin phosphate.
Potato wine Brewing Process Optimization by Response Surface Analysis
Authors: Lin Qiao , Qiu Ting , Liu Xiaoyan , Liu Junhua , Li Cheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe volatile aroma components in potato wine were detected by static headspace-gc-ms with potato wine as raw material. The effects of equilibrium temperature, equilibrium time, sampling amount and NACL addition on the number of effective peaks of aroma components in potato wine were studied by single factor experiment. Then the detection conditions were optimized by Orthogonal test. The results showed that under the conditions of 0.2 g NaCl addition, 6 mL sampling, 35 min equilibrium time and 40 °c equilibrium temperature, the number of effective peaks was 15, which was more than 5 aroma components before optimization. It laid a solid foundation for the establishment of a rapid and simple method for the determination of aroma components in wine.
Fatigue and Recovery of Wushu Athletes Based on Fatigue Damage Model
Authors: Yu Xue 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The problem of sports injury and rehabilitation has always been a hot topic in competitive sports. With the continuous development of martial arts requirements and competition system, competitions are increasingly fierce and special technical requirements are more stringent. Exercise-induced fatigue can not only cause the decline of athletes’ body ability, but also lead to the occurrence of sports diseases and sports injuries. Only by understanding the mechanism of fatigue, understanding the body’s recovery process, recovery methods. Only in this way can we effectively improve our athletic performance and prolong our athletic life. The increase of training difficulty and intensity leads to the occurrence of sports injury more and more frequently, so the rehabilitation and recovery of athletes after injury is particularly important. According to the characteristics of sports fatigue of Wushu Athletes in sports training competition, this paper puts forward the means to eliminate the physical and psychological fatigue of Wushu athletes. In order to improve martial arts training, improve the competitive ability of athletes and improve the health of athletes to provide help.