bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOF‐Directed Synthesis of Crystalline Ionic Liquids with Enhanced Proton Conduction
Authors: Xue Wen‐Long , Deng Wei‐Hua , Chen Hui , Liu Rui‐Heng , Taylor Jared M. , Li Yu‐kun , Wang Lu , Deng Yu‐Heng , Li Wen‐Hua , Wen Ying‐Yi , Wang Guan‐E , Wan Chong‐Qing , Xu Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArranging ionic liquids (ILs) with long‐range order can not only enhance their performance in a desired application, but can also help elucidate the vital between structure and properties. However, this is still a challenge and no example has been reported to date. Herein, we report a feasible strategy to achieve a crystalline IL via coordination self‐assembly based reticular chemistry. IL1MOF, was prepared by designing an IL bridging ligand and then connecting them with metal clusters. IL1MOF has a unique structure, where the IL ligands are arranged on a long‐range ordered framework but have a labile ionic center. This structure enables IL1MOF to break through the typical limitation where the solid ILs have lower proton conductivity than their counterpart bulk ILs. IL1MOF shows 2–4 orders of magnitude higher proton conductivity than its counterpart IL monomer across a wide temperature range. Moreover, by confining the IL within ultramicropores (<1 nm), IL1MOF suppresses the liquid–solid phase transition temperatures to lower than −150 °C, allowing it to function with high conductivity in a subzero temperature range.
Preclinical characterization of alginate‐poly‐L‐lysine encapsulated HepaRG for extracorporeal liver supply
Authors: Pasqua Mattia , Pereira Ulysse , de Lartigue Claire , Nicolas Jonathan , Vigneron Pascale , Dermigny Quentin , Legallais Cécile 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that HepaRG cells encapsulated into 1.5% alginate beads are capable of self‐assembling into spheroids. They adequately differentiate into hepatocyte‐like cells, with hepatic features observed at Day 14 post‐encapsulation required for external bioartificial liver applications. Preliminary investigations performed within a bioreactor under shear stress conditions and using a culture medium mimicking acute liver failure (ALF) highlighted the need to reinforce beads with a polymer coating. We demonstrated in a first step that a poly‐l‐lysine coating improved the mechanical stability, without altering the metabolic activities necessary for bioartificial liver applications (such as ammonia and lactate elimination). In a second step, we tested the optimized biomass in a newly designed perfused dynamic bioreactor, in the presence of the medium model for pathological plasma for 6 h. Performances of the biomass were enhanced as compared to the steady configuration, demonstrating its efficacy in decreasing the typical toxins of ALF. This type of bioreactor is easy to scale up as it relies on the number of micro‐encapsulated cells, and could provide an adequate hepatic biomass for liver supply. Its design allows it to be integrated into a hybrid artificial/bioartificial liver setup for further clinical studies regarding its impact on ALF animal models.
Animating explosion with exploding sound and rigid‐body sound
Authors: Liu Shiguang , Gao Si , Xu Siqi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVisual simulation of explosion animation can be found many applications in virtual reality. In addition to visual simulation, sound synthesis of explosion scenes is also indispensable. However, little attention has been paid to this research area. To this end, this paper proposes an automatic sound synthesis method for explosion scenes. Explosion animation consists of two major events, namely explosive event and interactive rigid‐body fracture event. Correspondingly, the sound for an explosion scene can be viewed as the combination of two components, that is, the exploding sound and the rigid‐body sound. Among them, the exploding sound often shows similarity in terms of characteristics in frequency domain, while the rigid‐body sound is rich in variations due to the unpredictable motion state and different materials of debris. As a result, for the synthesis of the rigid‐body sound, firstly, we extract the rigid‐body sounds from recording examples by the empirical mode decomposition method. On this basis, a new spectral flux based approach is developed to segment the extracted sounds into a grain dictionary. Then, a cascade sound synthesis method based on impulse response is designed to synchronize the rigid‐body sound for fracture events. For the synthesis of exploding sound, due to its similar characteristics in frequency domain, an example‐based automatic sound synthesis method is adapted in this paper. Finally, we propose a priority‐aware sound blending method to merge these two types of completely different sounds reasonably. Various experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of our new method.
Neuraminidase Inhibitors from the Roots of Caragana sinica
Authors: Park SeonJu , Kim Nanyoung , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Kwak Hee Jae , Yang Hyun Wook , Kim Seung Hyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo new oligostilbenes, caragasinins D and E, along with four known compounds, kobophenol A, α‐viniferin, wistin, and 5‐hydroxy‐2‐[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]‐3‐methoxybenzoic acid, were isolated from the roots of Caragana sinica. These compounds were spectroscopically analyzed for their structures and configurations and compared with existing data. The configurations of caragasinins D and E were elucidated by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, and time‐dependent density‐functional theory simulated ECD spectral data. All six compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against neuraminidase (NA) from Clostridium perfringens. Among the tested compounds, 5‐hydroxy‐2‐[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]‐3‐methoxybenzoic acid demonstrated statistically significant NA inhibitory activity, which was comparable to the positive control, mangiferin.
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 induces differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human follicular fluid to oocyte‐like cell
Authors: Taheri Mahin , Saki Ghasem , Nikbakht Roshan , Eftekhari Ali R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFollicular fluid (FF) is essential for developing ovarian follicles. Besides the oocytes, FF has abundant undifferentiated somatic cells containing stem cell properties, which are discarded in daily medical procedures. Earlier studies have shown that FF cells could differentiate into primordial germ cells via forming embryoid bodies, which produced oocyte‐like cells (OLC). This study aimed at isolating mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from FF and evaluating the impacts of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) on the differentiation of these cells into OLCs. Human FF‐derived cells were collected from 78 women in the assisted fertilization program and cultured in human recombinant BMP15 medium for 21 days. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry staining characterized MSCs and OLCs. MSCs expressed germline stem cell (GSC) markers, such as OCT4 and Nanog. In the control group, after 15 days, OLCs were formed and expressed zona pellucida markers (ZP2 and ZP3), and reached 20–30 µm in diameter. Ten days after induction with BMP15, round cells developed, and the size of OLCs reached 115 µm. A decrease ranged from 0.04 to 4.5 in the expression of pluripotency and oocyte‐specific markers observed in the cells cultured in a BMP15‐supplemented medium. FF‐derived MSCs have an innate potency to differentiate into OLCs, and BMP15 is effective in promoting the differentiation of these cells, which may give an in vitro model to examine germ cell development.
Electron‐Deficient Imidazolium Substituted Cp Ligands and their Ru Complexes
Authors: Mazzotta Fabio , Zitzer Georg , Speiser Bernd , Kunz Doris 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of electron‐poor mono‐, di‐ and tri(imidazolium)‐substituted Cp‐ylides is presented and their electronic properties are discussed based on NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray structure analyses, electrochemical investigations and DFT calculations as well as by their reactivity toward [Ru(CH3CN)3Cp*](PF6). With mono‐ and di(imidazolium)‐substituted cyclopentadienides the respective monocationic and dicationic ruthenocences are formed (X‐ray), whereas tri(imidazolium) cyclopentadienides are too electron‐poor to form the ruthenocenes. Cyclic voltammetric analysis of the ruthenocenes shows reversible oxidation at a potential that increases with every additional electron‐withdrawing imidazolium substituent at the Cp ligand by 0.53–0.55 V in an electrolyte based on a weakly coordinating anion. A reversible oxidation can be observed for the free 1,3‐disubstituted ligand as well.
Divergent Synthesis of γ‐Amino Acid and γ‐Lactam Derivatives from meso‐Glutaric Anhydrides
Authors: Smith Simon N. , Craig Ryan , Connon Stephen J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe first divergent synthesis of both γ‐amino acid and γ‐lactam derivatives from meso‐glutaric anhydrides is described. The organocatalytic desymmetrisation with TMSN3 relies on controlled generation of a nucleophilic ammonium azide species mediated by a polystyrene‐bound base to promote efficient silylazidation. After Curtius rearrangement of the acyl azide intermediate to access the corresponding isocyanate, hydrolysis/alcoholysis provided uniformly high yields of γ‐amino acids and their N‐protected counterparts. The same intermediates were shown to undergo an unprecedented decarboxylation–cyclisation cascade in situ to provide synthetically useful yields of γ‐lactam derivatives without using any further activating agents. Mechanistic insights invoke the intermediacy of an unconventional γ‐N‐carboxyanhydride (γ‐NCA) in the latter process. Among the examples prepared using this transformation are 8 APIs/molecules of considerable medicinal interest.
Cationic Functionalisation by Phosphenium Ion Insertion
Authors: Riesinger Christoph , Dütsch Luis , Balázs Gábor , Bodensteiner Michael , Scheer Manfred 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reaction of [Cp′′′Ni(η3‐P3)] (1) with in situ generated phosphenium ions [RR′P]+ yields the unprecedented polyphosphorus cations of the type [Cp′′′Ni(η3‐P4R2)][X] (R=Ph (2 a), Mes (2 b), Cy (2 c), 2,2′‐biphen (2 d), Me (2 e); [X]−=[OTf]−, [SbF6]−, [GaCl4]−, [BArF]−, [TEF]−) and [Cp′′′Ni(η3‐P4RCl)][TEF] (R=Ph (2 f), tBu (2 g)). In the reaction of 1 with [Br2P]+, an analogous compound is observed only as an intermediate and the final product is an unexpected dinuclear complex [{Cp′′′Ni}2(μ,η3:η1:η1‐P4Br3)][TEF] (3 a). A similar product [{Cp′′′Ni}2(μ,η3:η1:η1‐P4(2,2′‐biphen)Cl)][GaCl4] (3 b) is obtained, when 2 d[GaCl4] is kept in solution for prolonged times. Although the central structural motif of 2 a–g consists of a “butterfly‐like” folded P4 ring attached to a {Cp′′′Ni} fragment, the structures of 3 a and 3 b exhibit a unique asymmetrically substituted and distorted P4 chain stabilised by two {Cp′′′Ni} fragments. Additional DFT calculations shed light on the reaction pathway for the formation of 2 a–2 g and the bonding situation in 3 a.
Enzymatic Formation of Indolactam Scaffold by C−N Bond‐Forming Cytochrome P450 Oxidases in Teleocidin Biosynthesis
Authors: Morita Iori , Mori Takahiro , Abe Ikuro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTeleocidins are potent protein kinase C activators, and possess a unique indole‐fused nine‐membered lactam structure. Teleocidin biosynthesis starts from the formation of a dipeptide by non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), followed by oxidative C−N bond formation by a cytochrome P450 oxidase, reverse‐prenylation by a prenyltransferase, and methylation‐initiated terpene cyclization by a C‐methyltransferase. This minireview focuses on recent research progress toward the elucidation of the molecular basis for the remarkable P450‐catalyzed intramolecular C−N bond‐forming reaction, which is challenging in synthetic chemistry, to generate the indolactam scaffold. In addition, precursor‐directed biosynthesis with the promiscuous P450 enzymes led to the formation of a series of unnatural and novel molecular scaffolds, including a sulfur‐substituted indolactam with a different conformation from that of indolactam V.
Between Aromatic and Quinoid Structure: A Symmetrical UV to Vis/NIR Benzothiadiazole Redox Switch
Authors: Rietsch Philipp , Sobottka Sebastian , Hoffmann Katrin , Popov Alexey A. , Hildebrandt Pascal , Sarkar Biprajit , Resch‐Genger Ute , Eigler Siegfried 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReversibly switching the light absorption of organic molecules by redox processes is of interest for applications in sensors, light harvesting, smart materials, and medical diagnostics. This work presents a symmetrical benzothiadiazole (BTD) derivative with a high fluorescence quantum yield in solution and in the crystalline state and shows by spectroelectrochemical analysis that reversible switching of UV absorption in the neutral state, to broadband Vis/NIR absorption in the 1st oxidized state, to sharp band Vis absorption in the 2nd oxidized state, is possible. For the one‐electron oxidized species, formation of a delocalized radical is confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroelectrochemistry. Furthermore, our results reveal an increasing quinoidal distortion upon the 1st and 2nd oxidation, which can be used as the leitmotif for the development of BTD based redox switches.
The Use of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Chemical Valorization of Plastic Waste
Authors: Mark Lesli O. , Cendejas Melissa C. , Hermans Ive 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlastic solid waste (PSW) is an ever‐growing environmental challenge for our society, as it not only ends up in landfills but also in waterways and oceans and is consequently entering the food chain. A key strategy to overcome this problem while also preserving carbon resources is to use PSW as a feedstock, evolving towards a circular economy. To implement this, mechanical as well as chemical recycling technologies must be developed. Indeed, owing to the high volume of PSW generated each year, mechanical recycling alone is not adequate for addressing this global challenge. Because of this, chemical recycling via thermal and heterogeneous catalytic conversion has received growing attention. This process has the potential to take PSW and convert it into usable monomers, fuels, synthesis gas, and adsorbents under more sustainable conditions than thermal degradation. This Review highlights the recent research advances in catalytic technologies for PSW conversion and valorization.
Variation in plant leaf traits affects transmission and detectability of herbivore vibrational cues
Authors: Velilla Estefania , Polajnar Jernej , Virant‐Doberlet Meta , Commandeur Daniel , Simon Ralph , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Ellers Jacintha , Halfwerk Wouter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany insects use plant‐borne vibrations to obtain important information about their environment, such as where to find a mate or a prey, or when to avoid a predator. Plant species can differ in the way they vibrate, possibly affecting the reliability of information, and ultimately the decisions that are made by animals based on this information. We examined whether the production, transmission, and possible perception of plant‐borne vibrational cues is affected by variation in leaf traits. We recorded vibrations of 69 Spodoptera exigua caterpillars foraging on four plant species that differed widely in their leaf traits (cabbage, beetroot, sunflower, and corn). We carried out a transmission and an airborne noise absorption experiment to assess whether leaf traits influence amplitude and frequency characteristics, and background noise levels of vibrational chewing cues. Our results reveal that species‐specific leaf traits can influence transmission and potentially perception of herbivore‐induced chewing vibrations. Experimentally‐induced vibrations attenuated stronger on plants with thicker leaves. Amplitude and frequency characteristics of chewing vibrations measured near a chewing caterpillar were, however, not affected by leaf traits. Furthermore, we found a significant effect of leaf area, water content and leaf thickness—important plant traits against herbivory, on the vibrations induced by airborne noise. On larger leaves higher amplitude vibrations were induced, whereas on thicker leaves containing more water airborne noise induced higher peak frequencies. Our findings indicate that variation in leaf traits can be important for the transmission and possibly detection of vibrational cues.
T cell‐expressed microRNAs critically regulate germinal center T follicular helper cell function and maintenance in acute viral infection in mice
Authors: Zeiträg Julia , Dahlström Frank , Chang Yinshui , Alterauge Dominik , Richter Daniel , Niemietz Julia , Baumjohann Dirk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConstitutive T cell‐intrinsic miRNA expression is required for the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Tfh cells, thus making it difficult to study the role of miRNAs in the maintenance of already established Tfh cells and ongoing germinal center (GC) responses. To overcome this problem, we here used temporally controlled ablation of mature miRNAs specifically in CD4+ T cells during acute LCMV infection in mice. T cell‐intrinsic miRNA expression was not only critical at early stages of Tfh cell differentiation, but also important for the maintenance of already established Tfh cells. In addition, CD4+ T cell‐specific ablation of miRNAs resulted in impaired GC B cell responses. Notably, miRNA deficiency also compromised the antigen‐specific CD4+ T cell compartment, Th1 cells, Treg cells, and Tfr cells. In conclusion, our results highlight miRNAs as important regulators of Tfh cells, thus providing novel insights into the molecular events that govern T cell–B cell interactions and Th cell identity.
Oleogelation: From Scientific Feasibility to Applicability in Food Products
Authors: Scharfe Maria , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOleogels offer the possibility to replace conventional saturated fatty acid (SAFA)‐based lipids with a healthier alternative by immobilizing liquid edible oils in a 3D‐network which is provided by an oleogelator. Numerous molecules which can structure oils rich in (poly)unsaturated fatty acids have been identified. These differ greatly in their chemical composition, network formation, and interactions and thus macroscopic properties of the respective oleogels. Oleogels have been a focal point of food research for over 20 years, yet product applications are lacking. Hence, the question arises whether the application of oleogels is unfeasible or if science lost sight of its objective. This review aims to assess different structuring systems concerning their availability, their potential for the utilization in food products and, if possible, their prices. Moreover, recent studies comprising the application of oleogels in food products are reviewed with special emphasis on the state and the function of the lipid phase during processing and in the final product. Therefore, the physical properties and preparation methods of different oleogels need to be considered in connection with the respective food application. Finally, it is discussed whether the application of oleogels is justified in these products and advantageous in comparison to liquid oil.Practical Applications: A diet rich in mono‐and polyunsaturated fatty acids which make up the majority of liquid edible oils lowers the risk to suffer from cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, these oils cannot provide texture to food products in their native state. Oleogelation has the potential to deliver the solid structure necessary for numerous food products by transferring an oil rich in essential fatty acids into a solid‐like structure. Besides, the nutritional value of these oils remains practically unchanged. Although oleogelation has been the objective of various research groups for more than 20 years, product applications are scarce. This review aims to stimulate the mindfulness of research concerning the successful application of oleogels in food products. This hopefully enables a better connection between science and industry.
Assessing the influence of thermal energy storage on the performance of concentrating solar power plant
Authors: Bhogilla Satya Sekhar , Rama Sreekanth P. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSite‐based changes in the yearly solar radiation affect the plant performance parameters like efficiency, output, and cost of generation of concentrated solar power (CSP). The risks involved in setting up the plant can be minimized by performing simulations for a proper understanding of performance parameters. The present work considers detailed techno‐economic viability using simulations to weigh out the performance dissemblance of CSP plants with and without thermal storage using parabolic trough concentrator with that of a photovoltaic system. Jodhpur, India is chosen as a test site for an assessment, and the results are validated with coequal plant in Andasol, Spain. GREENIUS is used to create a model 50 MW CSP plant. The simulation results are found to be in close conjunction, at error less than 8%. A detailed techno‐economic study was also done to clinch the optimum solar field based on power generation costs. Each design condition has arrived at least the cost of power generation. The result shows that CSP plant with 7‐hour storage is the choicest combination in terms of the techno‐economic bargain.
What explains differences in waiting times for health care across socioeconomic status?
Authors: Simonsen Nicolai Fink , Oxholm Anne Sophie , Kristensen Søren Rud , Siciliani Luigi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn publicly funded health systems, waiting times act as a rationing mechanism that should be based on need rather than socioeconomic status. However, several studies suggest that individuals with higher socioeconomic status wait less. Using individual‐level data from administrative registers, we estimate and explain socioeconomic inequalities in access to publicly funded care for seven planned hospital procedures in Denmark. For each procedure, we first estimate the association between patients' waiting time for health care and their socioeconomic status as measured by income and education, controlling for patient severity. Then, we investigate how much of the association remains after controlling for (i) other individual characteristics (patients' family status, labor market status, and country of origin) that may be correlated with income and education, (ii) possible selection due to patients' use of a waiting time guarantee, and (iii) hospital factors which allow us to disentangle whether inequalities in waiting times arise across hospitals or within the hospital. Only for a few procedures, we find inequalities in waiting times related to income and education. These inequalities can be explained mostly by geographical and institutional factors across hospitals. But we also find inequalities for some procedures in relation to non‐Western immigrants within hospitals.
Performance patterns and strategy use in number line estimation among preschool children with different spontaneous focusing on numerosity tendencies
Authors: Liang Yuan , Zhang Lijin , Wang Chunling , Liu Yujuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of spontaneous focusing on numerosity (SFON) tendency on the performance and estimation patterns on number line estimation (NLE). To examine this question, 147 preschoolers (3.51–4.52 years) completed two types of SFON task (referenced SFON task and non‐referenced SFON task) and three conditions of NLE (non‐symbolic area, number‐to‐position, and position‐to‐number). The participants' SFON tendencies were classified as high, average, and poor using latent profile analysis. Children with high SFON tendency performed better and preferred to use more advanced strategy than their poor‐SFON peers on NLE tasks. The proportion of children with irregular NLE pattern increased as SFON tendency decreased. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between performance patterns of different NLEs and SFON tendencies for preschool children.