bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential churn moderates the relationship between economic deprivation and psychiatric admission: evidence from Wales
Authors: Handley Claire E , Oakley David , Saville Christopher W N 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThere is a well-established link between area-level socioeconomic deprivation and psychiatric admission rates. Social capital has been proposed as a possible protective factor that may buffer economically deprived communities, but it may be disrupted in areas with high population turnover. This study aims to test whether population turnover, hereafter called churn, moderates the social gradient of psychiatric admissions.MethodsPopulation churn rates, low income rates and psychiatric admission rates for 1909 lower super output areas in Wales were analysed using Poisson generalised linear mixed-effects models. Additional analyses explored the impact of deprivation measured more generally and the potential confound of population density.ResultsPopulation churn moderated the association between socioeconomic deprivation and psychiatric admission rates, such that greater social gradients in admission rates were found in areas with greater churn. Economic deprivation and churn were also found to be independently positively associated with admission rates. These relationships remained significant when using a broader measure of deprivation and after adjusting for population density.ConclusionHigh churn appears to exacerbate the detrimental effects of economic deprivation on mental health as well as being a risk factor in its own right. Residential stability rates should be considered when designing and implementing policies which aim to understand, prevent and treat mental health problems in at-risk communities.
Excess of de novo variants in genes involved in chromatin remodelling in patients with marfanoid habitus and intellectual disability
Authors: Chevarin Martin , Duffourd Yannis , A. Barnard Rebecca , Moutton Sébastien , Lecoquierre François , Daoud Fatma , Kuentz Paul , Cabret Caroline , Thevenon Julien , Gautier Elodie , Callier Patrick , St-Onge Judith , Jouan Thibaud , Lacombe Didier , Delrue Marie Ange , Goizet Cyril , Morice-Picard Fanny , Van-Gils Julien , Munnich Arnold , Lyonnet Stanislas , Cormier-Daire Valérie , Baujat Geneviève , Holder Muriel , Petit Florence , Leheup Bruno , Odent Sylvie , Jouk Pierre-Simon , Lopez Gipsy , Geneviève David , Collignon Patrick , Martin-Coignard Dominique , Jacquette Aurélia , Perrin Laurence , Putoux Audrey , Sarrazin Elisabeth , Amarof Khadija , Missotte Isabelle , Coubes Christine , Jagadeesh Sujatha , Lapi Elisabetta , Demurger Florence , Goldenberg Alice , Doco-Fenzy Martine , Mignot Cyril , Héron Delphine , Jean-Marçais Nolwenn , Masurel Alice , El Chehadeh Salima , Marle Nathalie , Huet Frédéric , Binquet Christine , Collod-Beroud Gwenaëlle , Arnaud Pauline , Hanna Nadine , Boileau Catherine , Jondeau Guillaume , Olaso Robert , Lechner Doris , Poe Charlotte , Assoum Mirna , Carmignac Virginie , Duplomb Laurence , Tran Mau-Them Frédéric , Philippe Christophe , Vitobello Antonio , Bruel Ange-Line , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean-François , Thauvin-Robinet Christel , Rivière Jean-Baptiste , O'Roak Brian J , Faivre Laurence 
Published: April 2020

PurposeMarfanoid habitus (MH) combined with intellectual disability (ID) (MHID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous presentation. The combination of array CGH and targeted sequencing of genes responsible for Marfan or Lujan–Fryns syndrome explain no more than 20% of subjects.MethodsTo further decipher the genetic basis of MHID, we performed exome sequencing on a combination of trio-based (33 subjects) or single probands (31 subjects), of which 61 were sporadic.ResultsWe identified eight genes with de novo variants (DNVs) in at least two unrelated individuals (ARID1B, ATP1A1, DLG4, EHMT1, NFIX, NSD1, NUP205 and ZEB2). Using simulation models, we showed that five genes (DLG4, NFIX, EHMT1, ZEB2 and ATP1A1) met conservative Bonferroni genomewide significance for an excess of the observed de novo point variants. Overall, at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 54.7% of subjects (35/64). These variants fell within 27 genes previously associated with Mendelian disorders, including NSD1 and NFIX, which are known to be mutated in overgrowth syndromes.ConclusionWe demonstrated that DNVs were enriched in chromatin remodelling (p=2×10−4) and genes regulated by the fragile X mental retardation protein (p=3×10−8), highlighting overlapping genetic mechanisms between MHID and related neurodevelopmental disorders.
A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Two Novel Susceptible Regions for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Shete Sanjay , Liu Hongliang , Wang Jian , Yu Robert , Sturgis Erich M. , Li Guojun , Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Liu Zhensheng , Amos Christopher I. , Wei Qingyi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo identify genetic variants for risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), we conducted a two-phase genome-wide association study consisting of 7,858,089 SNPs in 2,171 cases and 4,493 controls of non-Hispanic white, of which, 434,839 typed and 7,423,250 imputed SNPs were used as the discovery. SNPs with P &lt; 1 × 10−3 were further validated in the OncoArray study of oral and pharynx cancer (5,205 cases and 3,232 controls of European ancestry) from databases of Genotypes and Phenotypes. Meta-analysis of the discovery and replication studies identified one novel locus 6p22.1 (P = 2.96 × 10−9 for the leading rs259919) and two cancer susceptibility loci 6p21.32 (rs3135001, HLA-DQB1) and 6p21.33 (rs1265081, CCHCR1) associated with SCCHN risk. Further stratification by tumor site revealed four known cancer loci (5p15.33, 6p21.32, 6p21.33, and 2p23.1) associated with oral cavity cancer risk and oropharyngeal cancer risk, respectively. In addition, one novel locus 18q22.2 (P = 2.54 × 10−9 for the leading SNP rs142021700) was identified for hypopharynx and larynx cancer risk. For SNPs in those reported or novel loci, we also performed functional annotations by bioinformatics prediction and expression quantitative trait loci analysis. Collectively, our identification of four reported loci (2p23.1, 5p15.33, 6p21.32, and 6p21.33) and two novel loci (6p22.1 and 18q22.2) for SCCHN risk highlight the importance of human leukocyte antigen loci for oropharyngeal cancer risk, suggesting that immunologic mechanisms are implicated in the etiology of this subset of SCCHN.Significance:Two novel risk loci for SCCHN in non-Hispanic white individuals highlight the importance of immunologic mechanism in the disease etiology.
Pitfalls in Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Validation with Emphasis on Circulating Tumor DNA
Authors: Ren Annie H. , Fiala Clare A. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Kulasingam Vathany 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Despite significant investment of funds and resources, few new cancer biomarkers have been introduced to the clinic in the last few decades. Although many candidates produce promising results in the laboratory, deficiencies in sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value make them less than desirable in a patient setting. This review will analyze these challenges in detail as well as discuss false discovery, problems with reproducibility, and tumor heterogeneity. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), an emerging cancer biomarker, is also analyzed, particularly in the contexts of assay specificity, sensitivity, fragmentation, lead time, mutant allele fraction, and clinical relevance. Emerging artificial intelligence technologies will likely be valuable tools in maximizing the clinical utility of ctDNA which is often found in very small quantities in patients with early-stage tumors. Finally, the implications of challenging false discoveries are examined and some insights about improving cancer biomarker discovery are provided.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible.”
Morphometry of the mandibular foramen applied to the local anesthetic block to inferior alveolar nerve in boars (Sus scrofa scrofa Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Paulo Caroline Bures de , Magalhães Henrique Inhauser Riceti , De Paula Ygor Henrique , Barcelos Jeferson Borges , Romão Fabiano Braz , Borges Tânia Ribeiro Junqueira , Silva Frederico Ozanam Carneiro e , Ribeiro Lucas De Assis 
Published: April 2020

Boars kept on commercial farms use their canine teeth as a mechanism of defense and attack in order to express their natural instincts, which could result in fractures of the teeth and jaws. Thus, utilizing local desensitization of the inferior alveolar nerve is crucial for executing therapeutic procedures in the oral cavities of those animals. Then, the goal is to carry out the morphometry of the mandibular foramen of that species, correlating it with the mandibular structures, while doing so in the safest manner for the animals. For that purpose, six hemimandibles of young-aged Sus scrofa scrofa were used, from which the proposed measurements were taken. On average, the lateral margin of the condylar process stood 142.43 mm away from the root of the lower medial incisive tooth. The longitudinal axis of the body of the mandible measured 22.3 mm at the level of the diastema that exists between the fourth lower premolar tooth and the first lower molar tooth. The mandibular foramen, from the caudal limit of the ventral margin, would be positioned at26.6 mm from the ventral margin of the angle of the mandible in that level, 34.92 mm away from the medial margin of the condylar process, and 38.63 mm away from the dorsal limit from the caudal margin of the coronoid process. The lack of statistically significant differences, and observing that the osseous accident under scrutiny had been positioned in the ramus of the mandible, indicated that the proposed procedure should be performed from the introduction of the needle in an oblique and rostrodorsal direction for 2.0 cm, and angulated at 60º with the anatomic reference created by the medial demarcation obtained via the support of the thumb on the lateral margin of the ramus of the mandible, ventrally to the zygomatic arch, all while preserving neighboring structures and establishing an unheard-of anesthetic methodology for boars.
Depletion of Vasohibin 1 Speeds Contraction and Relaxation in Failing Human Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Chen Christina Yingxian , Salomon Alexander K. , Caporizzo Matthew A. , Curry Sam , Kelly Neil A. , Bedi Kenneth , Bogush Alexey I. , Krämer Elisabeth , Schlossarek Saskia , Janiak Philip , Moutin Marie-Jo , Carrier Lucie , Margulies Kenneth B. , Prosser Benjamin L. 
Published: April 2020

Rationale:
Impaired myocardial relaxation is an intractable feature of several heart failure (HF) causes. In human HF, detyrosinated microtubules stiffen cardiomyocytes and impair relaxation. Yet the identity of detyrosinating enzymes have remained ambiguous, hindering mechanistic study and therapeutic development.

Objective:
We aimed to determine if the recently identified complex of VASH1/2 (vasohibin 1/2) and SVBP (small vasohibin binding protein) is an active detyrosinase in cardiomyocytes and if genetic inhibition of VASH-SVBP is sufficient to lower stiffness and improve contractility in HF.

Methods and Results:

Transcriptional profiling revealed that
VASH1
transcript is >10-fold more abundant than
VASH2
in human hearts. Using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against
VASH1
,
VASH2
, and
SVBP
, we showed that both VASH1- and VASH2-SVBP complexes function as tubulin carboxypeptidases in cardiomyocytes, with a predominant role for VASH1. We also generated a catalytically dead version of the tyrosinating enzyme TTL (TTL-E331Q) to separate the microtubule depolymerizing effects of TTL from its enzymatic activity. Assays of microtubule stability revealed that both TTL and TTL-E331Q depolymerize microtubules, while VASH1 and SVBP depletion reduce detyrosination independent of depolymerization. We next probed effects on human cardiomyocyte contractility. Contractile kinetics were slowed in HF, with dramatically slowed relaxation in cardiomyocytes from patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. Knockdown of VASH1 conferred subtle kinetic improvements in nonfailing cardiomyocytes, while markedly improving kinetics in failing cardiomyocytes. Further, TTL, but not TTL-E331Q, robustly sped relaxation. Simultaneous measurements of calcium transients and contractility demonstrated that VASH1 depletion speeds kinetics independent from alterations to calcium cycling. Finally, atomic force microscopy confirmed that VASH1 depletion reduces the stiffness of failing human cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions:
VASH-SVBP complexes are active tubulin carboxypeptidases in cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of VASH1 or activation of TTL is sufficient to lower stiffness and speed relaxation in cardiomyocytes from patients with HF, supporting further pursuit of detyrosination as a therapeutic target for diastolic dysfunction.
The New Animism and Its Challenges to the Study of Religion
Authors: Laack Isabel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the last decades, the worldview(s) of so-called Indigenous religions have regained academic interest. Scholars of religion, anthropologists, and Indigenous writers engage in a new research field called new animism characterized by a diversity of insider and outsider positions. The field contains immense potential for inspiring general debates in the study of religion because it touches on fundamental questions about hermeneutics, epistemology, epistemic goals, disciplinary identities, and the influence of Western ontology on scientific and academic research.
This article aims to draw the attention of scholars of religion to the new animism by contextualizing the field within disciplinary and cultural history, presenting its core theories, analyzing its methodological and epistemological positions, and identifying the central players ands its politically highly charged social contexts with asymmetrical power relations. Finally, it discusses how the new animism challenges general debates within the study of religion and may provocatively stimulate them.
A Nonpermanent Seat in the United Nations Security Council
Authors: Ekengren Ann-Marie , Hjorthen Fredrik D. , Möller Ulrika 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article contributes with a novel systematic theoretical and empirical exploration of why states find a nonpermanent seat in the UN Security Council attractive. Three conceptualizations of power—to influence, to network, and to gain status—guide the empirical analysis. A telephone interview survey with diplomatic staff at Member States’ permanent missions to the United Nations in New York provides readers with original and unique empirical knowledge of state perceptions of power. The candidature for a seat comes with expectations of influencing decision-making, despite modest estimations of the opportunity to have impact. Opportunities to network and to gain status are not frequent reasons for a candidature. Diplomats’ estimations are nevertheless higher on the opportunity to actually establish relevant relationships and to gain status brought by a seat.
Four Principles to Justify Claims to Jurisdiction and to Natural Resources in Antarctica
Authors: Mancilla Alejandra 
Published: April 2020

Global pressure over Antarctic resources will mount in the course of the coming decades. Three factors are likely to motivate states to claim jurisdictional rights or rights to natural resources in Antarctica: climate change, dwindling natural resources in the rest of the world, and the fact that – by virtue of Article IV of the Antarctic Treaty – the question of sovereignty remains unresolved. It is high time to think about the moral dimensions that should shape Antarctic claims in the future. Is there any state or group of states more entitled than others to make such claims? What does sound management of natural resources require? How should environmental concerns factor into decisions about jurisdictional control and appropriation of natural resources?
With these broad questions in the background, in this article I examine four principles of justice that figure prominently in current theories of territorial rights and rights over natural resources in political philosophy: connection, capacity, fair distribution, and need. I show how these principles have been used by states, alone or in tandem, to justify claims to jurisdiction and claims to natural resources in Antarctica. After pointing to their main strengths and weaknesses, I suggest that they may be necessary, but insufficient to build a just framework for jurisdiction and appropriation of resources in the White Continent.
An optimized DNA extraction protocol for wood DNA barcoding of Pterocarpus erinaceus
Authors: Lu Yang , Jiao Lichao , He Tuo , Zhang Yonggang , Jiang Xiaomei , Yin Yafang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The isolation of wood DNA is a crucial step in the process of genetic identification of wood tissues and the current wood DNA extraction method is a limiting factor. For some valuable wood samples sent for forensic identification, the size of allowable sample is limited. Additionally, the identification process is so lengthy that it often cannot meet the needs of law enforcement. This study describes an optimized protocol that minimizes the sample size and duration of DNA extraction without decreasing the yield of DNA. Experiments on sample mass per extraction, sample lysis time and DNA precipitation time were carried out by a series of gradient tests. The amounts of DNA extracted were evaluated by the copy numbers of target DNA barcodes (rbcL and matK) from droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). It is the first to apply ddPCR technology to quantify and evaluate accurately DNA extracted from wood. The results indicated that 300 mg is an optimal sample mass when keeping the volume of DNA lysis buffer constant, which reduces the sample usage by 40%. Five hours is the optimal sample lysis time. Extending the duration of DNA precipitation does not significantly increase the amplicon yield from wood specimens of Pterocarpus erinaceus. The protocol developed in this study shortens the period of DNA extraction from wood tissues by approximately 58%. The amplicon yields obtained using the optimized method in this study indicate good extraction efficiency, and the wood samples sent for certification were identified as Pterocarpus erinaceus using the barcode combination matK+ndhF-rpl32+ITS2. This method will be suitable for the broad applicability of DNA identification and conservation of global wood resources.
Visual Research Methods: Qualifying and Quantifying the Visual
Authors: ONG Patricia A. L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The role of visual research methods in ethnographic research has been significant, particularly in place-making and representing visual culture and environments in ways that are not easily substituted by text. Digital media has extended into mundane, everyday existences and routines through most noticeably the modern smartphone, social media and digital artefacts that have created new forms of ethnographic enquiry. Ethnographers have engaged in this relatively new possibility of exploring how social media and new technologies transform the way we view social realities through the digital experience. The paper discusses the possible role of visual research methods in multimethod research and the theoretical underpinning of interpreting visual data. In the process of interpreting and analysing visual data, there is a need to acknowledge the possible ambiguity and polysemic quality of visual representation. It presents selectively the use of visual methods in an ethnographic exploration of early childhood settings through the use of internet-based visual data, researcher and participant-generated visual materials and media, together with visual-elicited (e.g. drawings, still images, video clips) information data through several examples. This approach in ‘visualizing’ the curriculum also unveils some aspects of the visual culture or the ‘hidden curriculum’ in the learning environment.
Solving the Evaluation Problem of Four-Recognitions-Only in the “Double World-Class” Construction of Chinese Universities
Authors: Zhanjun WANG , Xiaodong WANG 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The ‘Double World-Class construction has created a new movement for the quality development of higher education in China. It also demands the improvement of higher education evaluation from traditional approaches to monitoring evaluation. This article presents the latest move of higher education evaluation in China, analyzing its various dimensions, multi-value judgment, monitoring platform, and so on. It constructs the Chinese evaluation system based on the ‘Double World-Class’ and proposes an innovative evaluation framework for the ‘Double World-Class’ construction in line with the solution of the system-wide problem of ‘Four-Recognitions-Only’.
Compulsory Educational Policies in Rural China since 1978: A Macro Perspective
Authors: LI Jian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since 1978 China has implemented a series of educational policies for shaping rural compulsory education in order to improve its quality and competitiveness. This short article takes a macro perspective to review the rural compulsory education policies in contemporary China. Specifically, the macro perspective concentrates on examining the historical urbanization process of basic education in rural areas and the four stages of compulsory educational development in these regions. The article suggests that China has made tremendous contributions on closing the rural and urban gaps in recent years, but challenges remain to be solved.
Deep Convective Adjustment of Temperature and Moisture
Authors: Ahmed Fiaz , Adames Ángel F. , Neelin J. David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSimple process models and complex climate models are remarkably sensitive to the time scale of convective adjustment τ, but this parameter remains poorly constrained and understood. This study uses the linear-range slope of a semiempirical relationship between precipitation and a lower-free-tropospheric buoyancy measure BL. The BL measure is a function of layer-averaged moist enthalpy in the boundary layer (150-hPa-thick layer above surface), and temperature and moisture in the lower free troposphere (boundary layer top to 500 hPa). Sensitivity parameters with units of time quantify the BL response to its component perturbations. In moist enthalpy units, BL is more sensitive to temperature than equivalent moisture perturbations. However, column-integrated moist static energy conservation ensures that temperature and moisture are equally altered during the adjustment process. Multiple adjusted states with different temperature–moisture combinations exist; the BL sensitivity parameters govern the relationship between adjusted states, and also combine to yield a time scale of convective adjustment ~2 h. This value is comparable to τ values used in cumulus parameterization closures. Disparities in previously reported values of τ are attributed to the neglect of the temperature contribution to precipitation, and to averaging operations that include data from both precipitating and nonprecipitating regimes. A stochastic model of tropical convection demonstrates how either averaging operations or neglected environmental influences on precipitation can yield τ estimates longer than the true τ value built into the model. The analysis here culminates in construction of a precipitation closure with both moisture and temperature adjustment (q–T closure), suitable for use in both linearized and nonlinear, intermediate-complexity models.