bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐142‐5p and miR‐130a‐3p regulate pulmonary macrophage polarization and asthma airway remodeling
Authors: Shi Jianting , Chen Ming , Ouyang Lihua , Wang Qiujie , Guo Yimin , Huang Linjie , Jiang Shanping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMacrophages are key regulators of the development and progression of asthma, facilitating deleterious airway remodeling in affected patients. Immune cell function is tightly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), but how these miRNAs impact macrophage‐mediated airway remodeling in the context of asthma remains to be determined. In this study, we utilized an ovalbumin (OVA)‐based murine model of asthma to evaluate the importance of miRNAs within these macrophages. We found that macrophages from mice that had been sensitized with and exposed to OVA expressed higher levels of M2‐like phenotypic markers and exhibited significantly altered expression of both miR‐142‐5p and miR‐130a‐3p. When these isolated pulmonary macrophages were cultured in vitro, we determined that transfecting them with miR‐142‐5p antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) or miR‐130a‐3p mimics was sufficient to inhibit the ability of interleukin‐4 to induce M2 cytokine production. We additionally confirmed the in vivo relevance of these miRNAs in a Ccr2−/− murine model system mimicking asthma. Specifically, we determined that transfecting monocytes with miR‐142‐5p ASO and/or miR‐130a‐3p mimics was sufficient to disrupt the ability of these cells to promote airway remodeling. As such, these findings reveal that miR‐142‐5p and miR‐130a‐3p dysregulation are important factors governing the polarization of macrophages and associated airway remodeling in OVA‐sensitized mice.
Object exploration during the transition to sitting: A study of infants at heightened risk for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Jarvis Erin N. , West Kelsey L. , Iverson Jana M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLearning to sit promotes infants' object exploration because it offers increased access to objects and an improved position for exploration (e.g., ). Infants at heightened risk (HR) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit delays in sitting and differences in object exploration. However, little is known about the association between sitting and object exploration among HR infants. We examined changes in object exploration as HR infants (N = 19) and comparison infants with no family history of ASD (Low Risk; LR; N = 23) gained experience sitting independently. Infants were observed monthly from 2.5 months until 1 month after the onset of independent sitting. At 12, 18, 24, and 36 months, infants completed standardized developmental assessments, and HR infants were assessed for ASD symptoms at 36 months. Although HR infants began sitting later than LR infants, both groups increased time spent grasping, shaking, banging, and mouthing objects as they gained sitting experience. Groups only differed in time spent actively mouthing objects, with LR infants showing a greater increase in active mouthing than HR infants. Findings suggest that HR infants experience a similar progression of object exploration across sitting development, but on a delayed time scale.
Preoperative Noninvasive Cardiac Testing in Older Adults with Hip Fracture: A Multi‐Site Study
Authors: Sinvani Liron , Mendelson Daniel A. , Sharma Ankita , Nouryan Christian N. , Fishbein Joanna S. , Qiu Michael G. , Zeltser Roman , Makaryus Amgad N. , Wolf‐Klein Gisele P. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESFor older adults with acute hip fracture, use of preoperative noninvasive cardiac testing may lead to delays in surgery, thereby contributing to worse outcomes. Our study objective was to evaluate the preoperative use of pharmacologic stress testing and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in older adults hospitalized with hip fracture.DESIGNRetrospective chart review.SETTINGSeven hospitals (three tertiary, four community) within a large health system.PARTICIPANTSPatients, aged 65 years and older, hospitalized with hip fracture (n = 1,079; mean age = 84.2 years; 75% female; 82% white; 36% married).MEASUREMENTSData were extracted from electronic medical records. The study evaluated associations between patient factors as well as clinical outcomes (time to surgery [TTS], length of stay [LOS], and in‐hospital mortality) and the use of preoperative noninvasive cardiac testing (pharmacologic stress tests or TTE). Descriptive statistics were calculated. Cox regression was performed for both TTS and LOS (evaluated as time‐dependent variable); logistic regression was used for in‐hospital mortality.RESULTSAlthough 34.3% (n = 370) had a preoperative TTE, .7% (n = 8) underwent a nuclear stress test and none had a dobutamine stress echocardiogram. Median TTS was 1.1 days (IQR [interquartile range] = .8‐1.8 days), median LOS was 5.3 days (IQR = 4.2‐7.2 days), and in‐hospital mortality was 3% (n = 32).Patients admitted to the medical service had 3.5 times greater odds of undergoing a TTE compared with those on the orthopedic service (P < .001). Community hospitals had almost three times greater odds of preoperative TTE than tertiary centers (P < .001). In multivariable analysis, preoperative TTE was significantly associated with increased TTS (P < .001). No difference in mortality was found between patients with and without a preoperative TTE.CONCLUSIONThis study highlights the high rate of TTE in preoperative assessment of older adults with acute hip fracture. Given the association between TTE and longer TTS, further studies must clarify the role of preoperative TTE in this population. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1690‐1697, 2020.
Professional framing and emotional stability modulate facial appearance biases in nursing students
Authors: Fino Edita , Di Campli Serena , Patrignani Giulia , Mazzetti Michela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimProviding the same standard of care to all patients alike, regardless of race, gender, age or any other irrelevant characteristic is imperative in the healthcare profession. In this study we examined whether and to what extent unintentional evaluations based on facial appearance of others affect nursing students' readiness to approach them and provide nursing care.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to July 2019. Nursing students (N = 160) enrolled in the Nursing Degree Course of School of Medicine of Bologna University, completed a self‐report questionnaire assessing personality traits and evaluated photographs of trustworthy, untrustworthy and neutral‐looking male and female faces, while indicating their own approach behavior in a series of social interaction and caretaking scenarios.ResultsTrustworthy faces elicited a higher approach readiness than untrustworthy and neutral ones across scenarios. Nonetheless, the nursing care scenario facilitated the approach toward others perceived as untrustworthy. Emotional stability trait further enhanced the approach of untrustworthy‐looking others and provision of impartial care.ConclusionPresent findings suggest that facial appearance bias among nursing students may be downregulated by activating cognitive representations of their professional role as future caretakers and their caretaking motivation. This speaks of the need to integrate as early as possible into existing nursing education programs simulation scenarios aimed to increase emotional awareness and model nursing students' future relational and caring skills.
Pre‐ and post‐synaptic modulation by GABAB receptors of rat neuroendocrine dopamine neurones
Authors: Ammari Rachida , Broberger Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe secretion of prolactin from the pituitary is negatively controlled by tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurones. The electrical properties of TIDA cells have recently been identified as a modulatory target of neurotransmitters and hormones in the lactotrophic axis. The role of the GABAB receptor in this control has received little attention, yet is of particular interest because it may act as a TIDA neurone autoreceptor. Here, this issue was explored in a spontaneously active rat TIDA in vitro slice preparation using whole‐cell recordings. Application of the GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, dose‐dependently slowed down or abolished the network oscillations typical of this preparation. Pharmacological manipulations identify the underlying mechanism as an outward current mediated by G‐protein‐coupled inwardly rectifying K+‐like channels. In addition to this postsynaptic modulation, we describe a presynaptic modulation where GABAB receptors restrain the release of glutamate and GABA onto TIDA neurones. Our data identify both pre‐ and postsynaptic modulation of TIDA neurones by GABAB receptors that may play a role in the neuronal network control of pituitary prolactin secretion and lactation.
A longitudinal examination of the interplay between personality vulnerability and need‐based experiences in adolescents' depressive symptoms
Authors: Vandenkerckhove Beatrijs , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Brenning Katrijn , Boncquet Michiel , Flamant Nele , Luyten Patrick , Soenens Bart 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the interplay between the personality vulnerability dimensions of self‐criticism and dependency and experienced satisfaction or frustration of the basic psychological needs in relation to adolescents' depressive symptoms. In doing so, we investigated both indirect associations between personality and depressive symptoms (through need‐based experiences) and interactions between personality and need‐based experiences (i.e., moderation).MethodA total of 149 adolescents (52% female, Mage = 15.20 years at initial assessment, SD = 3.09) participated in this three‐wave longitudinal study with 6‐month intervals. At each wave, adolescents reported on their personality, need‐based experiences, and depressive symptoms.ResultsMultilevel analyses showed that dependency and self‐criticism related to experiences of need frustration and depressive symptoms at both the between‐person level (i.e., the level of interindividual differences) and the within‐person level (i.e., the level of intraindividual change). In turn, need frustration was related to adolescents' depressive symptoms at both levels of analysis. Personality did not significantly moderate the associations between the psychological needs and depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe results suggest that self‐criticism and dependency are related to experiences of psychological need frustration and depressive symptoms at the level of both interindividual differences and within person‐change.
Duopoly, court politics and the Danish core executive
Authors: Rhodes R. A. W. , Salomonsen Heidi H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article applies the ideas of the core executive and court politics to Danish coalition and minority governments. It asks two questions. Do these ideas travel beyond their Westminster origins? What are the dilemmas confronting the Danish executive and its court politics? The analysis is based on documentary sources and 22 elite interviews with cabinet ministers and permanent secretaries. It identifies a duopoly of Prime Minister and Minister of Finance as a distinctive variety of court politics. It identifies the key dilemmas confronted by the Danish executive; namely trust, political support and politicization. It concludes that court politics provides unique insights into the workings of Danish government. The article is a contribution to the comparative analysis of the court politics of governing elites. It shows that the focus on court politics is not only useful for majoritarian Westminster systems but also for the analysis of consensual parliamentary democracies.
Algal affinity and possible life cycle of the early Cambrian acritarch Yurtusia uniformis from South China
Authors: Shang Xiaodong , Liu Pengju , Moczydłowska Małgorzata , Yang Ben 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAbundant, well‐preserved specimens of spheroidal organic‐walled microfossil Yurtusia uniformis are reported from the basal Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation in the Changyang area of Hubei Province, South China. Thin and hollow processes extend between the double walls of the vesicle. The single to multiple internal bodies within the vesicle cavity are observed in the genus for the first time, representing reproductive structures (dividing daughter cells). A small circular perforation may occur on the vesicle wall to release the internal bodies. Morphological analyses of specimens preserved at various life stages reveal that processes gradually became longer as the vesicle grew in size. The internal bodies (daughter cells) underwent several successive divisions within the vesicle, which was accompanied by the simultaneous growth of both vesicle and processes. The regular growth of cells, formation and release of daughter cells, and the remarkable morphological similarity between extant algae and the studied microfossils suggest that Yurtusia uniformis is probably a green microalga that may be closely related to the Trebouxiophyceae or even Chlorellales (Chlorophyta). The growth and reproductive mode of individuals indicates that Y. uniformis is an actively growing vegetative cell of microalgae, rather than a metabolically inert cyst or resting spore. A life cycle involving vegetative growth and asexual reproduction is proposed for Y. uniformis on the basis of the life histories of modern chlorophytes. The multiple internal cells may represent autospores produced by a mature autosporangium during asexual reproduction, which subsequently developed into separate young vegetative cells after their release from the opened autosporangium.
Comparison of tissue Doppler imaging and conventional echocardiography to discriminate rejection from non‐rejection after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Lunze Fatima I. , Singh Tajinder P. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Molloy Meaghan A. , Blume Elizabeth D. , Berger Felix , Colan Steven D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTDI is considered superior to conventional echocardiography for detecting changes in graft function during rejection in adults but has not demonstrated after pediatric OHT. We retrospectively analyzed echocardiograms performed within 24 hours of biopsy in 122 recipients with median age of 8.7 years. Using biopsy findings as the gold standard, we compared paired rejection and non‐rejection echocardiograms using each patient as their own control. We included pairs of LV dimensions, FS, volumes, mass, mass/volume, sphericity, wall stress, SSI, SVI, and TDI velocities in this comparison. C‐statistic was used to assess discrimination for individual echo variables and combinations of variables. Overall, 647 non‐rejection and 24 rejection biopsy‐echo pairs were identified. There was a significant decline in TDI velocities and their Z‐scores during rejection but not in conventional variables (P ≤ .005). The variable that best discriminated rejection from non‐rejection was LV S′, with C‐statistic = 0.93. Conventional echo variables performed less well with C‐statistic range 0.65‐0.67 for LV EF, shortening fraction, and mass. TDI is superior to conventional echocardiography measures for discriminating rejection from non‐rejection. The use of newer non‐invasive parameters to detect myocardial dysfunction and shifting the paradigm of rejection surveillance to detection of non‐rejection together provide a promising approach to reducing the need for biopsy in pediatric heart recipients.
Systematic review of outcome parameters following treatment of chronic exertional compartment syndrome in the lower leg
Authors: Vogels Sanne , Ritchie Ewan D. , van Dongen Thijs T. C. F. , Scheltinga Marc R. M. , Zimmermann Wes O. , Hoencamp Rigo 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveSurgery is the gold standard in the management of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) of the lower extremity, although recent studies also reported success following gait retraining. Outcome parameters are diverse, and reporting is not standardized. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the current evidence regarding treatment outcome of CECS in the lower leg.Material and MethodsA literature search and systematic analysis were performed according to the PRISMA criteria. Studies reporting on outcome following treatment of lower leg CECS were included.ResultsA total of 68 reports fulfilled study criteria (n =; 3783; age range 12‐70 year; 7:4 male‐to‐female ratio). Conservative interventions such as gait retraining (n =; 2) and botulinum injection (n =; 1) decreased ICP ( =; 68 mm Hg to =; 32 mm Hg) and resulted in a 47% (±42%) rate of satisfaction and a 50% (±45%) rate of return to physical activity. Fasciotomy significantly decreased ICP ( =; 76 mm Hg to =; 24 mm Hg) and was associated with an 85% (±13%) rate of satisfaction and an 80% (±17%) rate of return to activity. Return to activity was significantly more often achieved (P < .01) in surgically treated patients, except in one study favoring gait retraining in army personnel.ConclusionSurgical treatment of CECS in the lower leg results in higher rates of satisfaction and return to activity, compared to conservative treatment. However, the number of studies is limited and the level of evidence is low. Randomized controlled trials with multiple treatment arms and standardized outcome parameters are needed.
Psychology's eugenic history and the invention of intellectual disability
Authors: Ilyes Emese 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntellectual disability is a severely understudied topic within psychology. It is rarely woven into the curriculum of mainstream psychology departments and often left for other disciplines to address. Despite this neglect within the field, historical figures within psychology helped invent and shaped the category of intellectual disability. In order to understand the depth of dehumanization experienced by those labeled as intellectually disabled, it is vital to trace the history of the category within psychology. This article offers a critical history of “intellectual disability” as an institutional category in the United States to better understand the outcome of a recent court case that considered the possibility of a sexual relationship between a man labeled as intellectually disabled and a woman who does not carry this label. To fully appreciate the meaning of the court case that concluded without ever engaging the man whose wellbeing it presumably concerned, psychology must be held accountable for its past and current entanglements with the eugenic project.
Punitive welfare reform and claimant mental health: The impact of benefit sanctions on anxiety and depression
Authors: Williams Evan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInternationally, policymakers assume that sanctioning claimants of unemployment benefits will engender both improved employment outcomes and wider positive effects. A growing evidence‐base challenges these expectations, though additional insight is needed from large‐scale longitudinal research. This article contributes by conducting a quantitative investigation into the mental health impacts of benefit sanctions. To do so, it focuses on a recent period in UK sanctions policy in which rates of sanctions varied markedly and their length was substantially increased. Using quarterly panel data for local authorities in England (Q3 2010–Q4 2014) and fixed effects models that control for important confounders, the analysis provides robust evidence that Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) sanctions lead to increases in self‐reported anxiety and depression. Evidence of this adverse impact is particularly clear following the increase in the length of sanctions in October 2012. The results have important implications for contemporary social security policy, which is underpinned by a similarly punitive sanctions regime. Whilst additional individual‐level research is needed to fully consider the causal relationships in operation, the findings support a precautionary approach that should seek to minimise the harm associated with sanctions. This implies taking steps to reduce both the severity and frequency of applied sanctions.
Traffic transformer: Capturing the continuity and periodicity of time series for traffic forecasting
Authors: Cai Ling , Janowicz Krzysztof , Mai Gengchen , Yan Bo , Zhu Rui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTraffic forecasting is a challenging problem due to the complexity of jointly modeling spatio‐temporal dependencies at different scales. Recently, several hybrid deep learning models have been developed to capture such dependencies. These approaches typically utilize convolutional neural networks or graph neural networks (GNNs) to model spatial dependency and leverage recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to learn temporal dependency. However, RNNs are only able to capture sequential information in the time series, while being incapable of modeling their periodicity (e.g., weekly patterns). Moreover, RNNs are difficult to parallelize, making training and prediction less efficient. In this work we propose a novel deep learning architecture called Traffic Transformer to capture the continuity and periodicity of time series and to model spatial dependency. Our work takes inspiration from Google’s Transformer framework for machine translation. We conduct extensive experiments on two real‐world traffic data sets, and the results demonstrate that our model outperforms baseline models by a substantial margin.
The N‐terminal zinc finger of CELLULOSE SYNTHASE6 is critical in defining its functional properties by determining the level of homodimerization in Arabidopsis
Authors: Park Sungjin , Ding Shi‐You 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYPrimary cell wall cellulose is synthesized by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) containing CELLULOSE SYNTHASE1 (CESA1), CESA3 and one of four CESA6‐like proteins in Arabidopsis. It has been proposed that the CESA6‐like proteins occupy the same position in the CSC, but their underlying selection mechanism remains unclear. We produced a chimeric CESA5 by replacing its N‐terminal zinc finger with its CESA6 counterpart to investigate the consequences for its homodimerization, a crucial step in forming higher‐order structures during assembly of the CSC. We found that the mutant phenotypes of prc1‐1, a cesa6 null mutant, were rescued by the chimeric CESA5, and became comparable to the wild type (WT) and prc1‐1 complemented by WT CESA6 in regard to plant growth, cellulose content, cellulose microfibril organization, CSC dynamics and subcellular localization. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays were employed to evaluate pairwise interactions between the N‐terminal regions of CESA1, CESA3, CESA5, CESA6 and the chimeric CESA5. We verified that the chimeric CESA5 explicitly interacted with all the other CESA partners, comparable to CESA6, whereas interaction between CESA5 with itself was significantly weaker than that of all other CESA pairs. Our findings suggest that the homodimerization of CESA6 through its N‐terminal zinc finger is critical in defining its functional properties, and possibly determines its intrinsic roles in facilitating higher‐order structures in CSCs.