bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreasing cerebral palsy prevalence in multiple births in the modern era: a population cohort study of European data
Authors: Perra Oliver , Rankin Judith , Platt Mary Jane , Sellier Elodie , Arnaud Catherine , De La Cruz Javier , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Sweet David G , Bjellmo Solveig 
Published: August 2020

Multiple births (twins or higher order multiples) are increasing in developed countries and may present higher risk for cerebral palsy (CP). However, few studies can reliably investigate trends over time because these outcomes are relatively rare.ObjectiveWe pooled data from European CP registers to investigate CP birth prevalence and its trends among single and multiple births born between 1990 and 2008.DesignPopulation cohort study.Setting12 population-based registers from the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe collaboration.Participants4 446 125 single and multiple live births, of whom 8416 (0.19%) had CP of prenatal or perinatal origin.Main outcomesCP diagnosis ascertained in childhood using harmonised methods; CP subtype; Motor impairment severity among CP cases.ResultsThe rate of multiple births increased from 1990. Multiples displayed higher risk for CP (RR=4.27, 95% CI 4.00 to 4.57). For singletons and multiples alike, risk for CP was higher among births of lower gestational age (GA) or birth weight (BW). However, CP birth prevalence declined significantly among very preterm (<32 weeks) and very low BW (<1500 g) multiples. Singletons and multiples with CP displayed similar severity of motor impairment.ConclusionsBetween 1990 and 2008, CP birth prevalence decreased steadily among multiples with low GA or BW. Furthermore, multiples with CP display similar profiles of severe motor impairment compared with CP singletons. Improvements in management of preterm birth since the 1990s may also have been responsible for providing better prospects for multiples.
Improvement of ejection fraction and mortality in ischaemic heart failure
Authors: Perry Andrew S , Mann Douglas L , Brown David L 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe frequency and predictors of improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in ischaemic cardiomyopathy and its association with mortality is poorly understood. We sought to assess the predictors of LVEF improvement ≥10% and its effect on mortality.MethodsWe compared characteristics of patients enrolled in The Surgical Treatment for Ischaemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial with and without improvement of LVEF ≥10% at 24 months. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine the independent predictors of LVEF improvement. A Cox proportional hazards model was created to assess the independent association of improvement in LVEF ≥10% with mortality.ResultsOf the 1212 patients enrolled in STICH, 618 underwent echocardiographic assessment of LVEF at baseline and 24 months. Of the patients randomised to medical therapy plus coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), 58 (19%) had an improvement in LVEF >10% compared with 51 (16%) patients assigned to medical therapy alone (p=0.30). Independent predictors of LVEF improvement >10% included prior myocardial infarction (OR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.71, p=0.001) and lower baseline LVEF (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.97, p<0.001). Improvement in LVEF >10% (HR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.84, p=0.004) and randomisation to CABG (HR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.90, p=0.004) were independently associated with a reduced hazard of mortality.ConclusionsImprovement of LVEF ≥10% at 24 months was uncommon in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, did not differ between patients assigned to CABG and medical therapy or medical therapy alone and was independently associated with reduced mortality.Trial registration numberNCT00023595.
Estimating the price elasticity for cigarette and chewed tobacco in Pakistan: evidence from microlevel data
Authors: Nayab Durre , Nasir Muhammad , Memon Junaid Alam , Khalid Mahmood , Hussain Anwar 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundWhile there is a large literature on the magnitude of price elasticity of cigarette demand, less is known about the same for chewed tobacco. Moreover, the studies on cigarette demand in Pakistan tend to ignore the heterogeneity in the smoking behaviour. This study estimates price elasticity for cigarette and chewed tobacco demand across different income groups, provinces and regions; and use these coefficients for simulating Pakistan’s tax policy and its impact on revenue and health outcomes.MethodDeaton model was applied on the 2015–2016 Household Integrated Income and Consumption Survey dataset to estimate price elasticities of different tobacco products.ResultsThe demand for cigarettes is unitary elastic (−1.06), suggesting that a 1% increase in cigarette price would reduce its consumption by 1.06%. On the other hand, the demand for chewed tobacco is relatively inelastic (−0.55). Provincially, the own-price elasticity of cigarettes is negative and significant for all but Kyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province; whereas that of the chewed tobacco is negative and significant only for KP and Balochistan. Besides, the price elasticity of demand for both tobacco products is negative and significant only for lower income group and the rural region. The tax simulations favour a two-tiered tax system over the existing three-tiered system as the former will bring significantly better tax revenue and health outcomes.ConclusionsWhile confirming the effectiveness of tax policies in curbing tobacco use, this study concludes that higher tobacco taxes could increase tax revenue and improve public health in Pakistan.
Vernet’s syndrome (jugular foramen syndrome) secondary to osteoma of the tympanic bulla in a young male dog
Authors: Ruaux Craig , Champion Chris Paul , Pemberton Sarah , Munday John S 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYA one‐year‐old male neuter dog initially presented with clinical signs of pharyngitis and suspected oesophageal reflux. The dog subsequently developed unilateral (left side) Horner's syndrome. CT examination of the head and neck revealed a large mixed bone and soft tissue density lesion filling the majority of the left tympanic bulla and extending into the jugular foramen. Marked atrophy of the left sternocephalicus and brachiocephalicus muscles was present. Following recovery from anaesthesia, the dog suffered regurgitation and aspiration, resulting in respiratory and cardiac arrest. Given the imaging findings and grave prognosis, the dog's owners elected euthanasia. Autopsy examination revealed a tympanic bulla osteoma. The combination of cranial nerve IX, X and XI dysfunction, associated with disease of the jugular foramen, supports a diagnosis of Vernet's syndrome in this patient.
Perturbative and nonperturbative quasinormal modes of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black holes
Authors: Aragón Almendra , Bécar Ramón , González P. A. , Vásquez Yerko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the propagation of probe scalar fields in the background of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black holes with anti-de Sitter (AdS) asymptotics and calculate the quasinormal modes. Mainly, we show that the quasinormal spectrum consists of two different branches, a branch perturbative in the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant $$\alpha $$α and another branch, nonperturbative in $$\alpha $$α. The perturbative branch consists of complex quasinormal frequencies that approximate the quasinormal frequencies of the Schwarzschild AdS black hole in the limit of a null coupling constant. On the other hand, the nonperturbative branch consists of purely imaginary frequencies and is characterized by the growth of the imaginary part when $$\alpha $$α decreases, diverging in the limit of null coupling constant; therefore they do not exist for the Schwarzschild AdS black hole. Also, we find that the imaginary part of the quasinormal frequencies is always negative for both branches; therefore, the propagation of scalar fields is stable in this background.
Anisotropic neutron stars with hyperons: implication of the recent nuclear matter data and observations of neutron stars
Authors: Rahmansyah A. , Sulaksono A. , Wahidin A. B. , Setiawan A. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMotivated by a recent report by Biwas and Bose (Phys Rev D 99:104002, 2019) that the observations of GW170817 to constrain the extent of pressure anisotropy in neutron stars within Bower–Liang anisotropic model, we systematically study the effects of anisotropic pressure on properties of the neutron stars with hyperons. The equation of state is calculated using the relativistic mean-field model with a BSP parameter set to determine nucleonic coupling constants and by using SU(6) and hyperon potential depths to determine hyperonic coupling constants. We investigate three models of anisotropic pressure known in literature namely Bowers and Liang (Astrophys J 88:657, 1974), Horvat et al. (Class Quant Grav 28:025009, 2011), and Cosenza et al. (J Math Phys (NY) 22:118, 1981). The reliability of the equation of state used is checked by comparing the parameters of the corresponding EOS to recent experimental data. The mass–radius, moment of inertia, and tidal deformability results of Bowers–Liang, Horvat et al., and Cosenza et al. anisotropic models are compared to the corresponding recent results extracted from the analysis of some NS observation data. We have found that the radii predicted by anisotropic NS are sensitive to the anisotropic model used and the results obtained by using the model proposed by Horvat et al. with anisotropic free parameter $$\varUpsilon ~\approx -$$Υ≈- 1.15 are relative compatible with all taken constraints.
Antibody to CD137 Activated by Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate Is Tumor Selective and Broadly EffectiveIn Vivowithout Systemic Immune Activation
Authors: Kamata-Sakurai Mika , Narita Yoshinori , Hori Yuji , Nemoto Takayuki , Uchikawa Ryo , Honda Masaki , Hironiwa Naoka , Taniguchi Kenji , Shida-Kawazoe Meiri , Metsugi Shoichi , Miyazaki Taro , Wada Naoko A. , Ohte Yuki , Shimizu Shun , Mikami Hirofumi , Tachibana Tatsuhiko , Ono Natsuki , Adachi Kenji , Sakiyama Tetsushi , Matsushita Tomochika , Kadono Shojiro , Komatsu Shun-ichiro , Sakamoto Akihisa , Horikawa Sayuri , Hirako Ayano , Hamada Koki , Naoi Sotaro , Savory Nasa , Satoh Yasuko , Sato Motohiko , Noguchi Yuki , Shinozuka Junko , Kuroi Haruka , Ito Ami , Wakabayashi Tetsuya , Kamimura Masaki , Isomura Fumihisa , Tomii Yasushi , Sawada Noriaki , Kato Atsuhiko , Ueda Otoya , Nakanishi Yoshito , Endo Mika , Jishage Kou-ichi , Kawabe Yoshiki , Kitazawa Takehisa , Igawa Tomoyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAgonistic antibodies targeting CD137 have been clinically unsuccessful due to systemic toxicity. Because conferring tumor selectivity through tumor-associated antigen limits its clinical use to cancers that highly express such antigens, we exploited extracellular adenosine triphosphate (exATP), which is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment and highly elevated in solid tumors, as a broadly tumor-selective switch. We generated a novel anti-CD137 switch antibody, STA551, which exerts agonistic activity only in the presence of exATP. STA551 demonstrated potent and broad antitumor efficacy against all mouse and human tumors tested and a wide therapeutic window without systemic immune activation in mice. STA551 was well tolerated even at 150 mg/kg/week in cynomolgus monkeys. These results provide a strong rationale for the clinical testing of STA551 against a broad variety of cancers regardless of antigen expression, and for the further application of this novel platform to other targets in cancer therapy.Significance:Reported CD137 agonists suffer from either systemic toxicity or limited efficacy against antigen-specific cancers. STA551, an antibody designed to agonize CD137 only in the presence of extracellular ATP, inhibited tumor growth in a broad variety of cancer models without any systemic toxicity or dependence on antigen expression.See related commentary by Keenan and Fong, p. 20.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Suppression of ovarian activity in a captive African Lion Panthera leo after deslorelin treatment
Authors: Braga Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira , Pizzutto Cristiane Schilbach , Rosenfield Derek Andrew , Furtado Priscila Viau , Oliveira Cláudio A. , Corrêa Sandra Helena Ramiro , Jorge-Neto Pedro Nacib , Guimarães Marcelo Alcindo de Barros Vaz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract: With the intent to evaluate the efficiency of a contraceptive treatment for cyclic ovarian suppression in African Lionesses Panthera leo using a Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist bioimplant, noninvasive fecal steroid assay associated with the observation of the behavioral estrus were employed for a period of 36 months. Five captive adult females, maintained with a vasectomized male, subcutaneously received a 9.4mg deslorelin acetate implant. The treatment initially stimulated behavioral estrus along with ovarian activity, demonstrated by an estrogen increase in two lionesses. A rise in progesterone concentration in two other animals suggested possible treatment-induced ovulation. After the initial period, deslorelin prevented ovarian activity for at least 22 months. Two females exhibited signs of behavioral estrus after 22 and 31 months. A third lioness with an increased estrogen concentration did not exhibit behavioral estrus signs or a consequent progesterone surge until 33 months after implantation, suggesting a possible resumption of ovarian activity. One female did not exhibit any behavioral estrus signs nor a rise in steroid levels after the “treatment-induced” estrus throughout the entire experiment (36 months). One lioness died after 15 months without exhibiting signs of estrus or an increased progesterone level, however, the estrogen concentration increased 12 months post-implantation, suggesting resumed ovarian activity. The study showed that long-term treatment with a GnRH agonist can be extremely effective as a contraceptive treatment in African lionesses, however, the duration of contraception may vary among individuals and may bear the risk of permanent loss of normal ovarian activity.
Occupational Exposures and Cardiac Structure and Function: ECHO‐SOL (Echocardiographic Study of Latinos)
Authors: Burroughs Peña Melissa S. , Uwamungu Jean Claude , Bulka Catherine M. , Swett Katrina , Perreira Krista M. , Kansal Mayank M. , Loop Matthew Shane , Hurwitz Barry E. , Daviglus Martha , Rodriguez Carlos J. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Our objective was to determine associations of occupational exposures with cardiac structure and function in Hispanic/Latino adults.

Methods and Results

Employed participants were included (n=782; 52% women, mean age 52.9 years). Occupational exposures to burning wood, vehicle exhaust, solvents, pesticides, and metals at the current and longest‐held job were assessed by questionnaire. Survey multivariable linear regression analyses were used to model the relationship of each self‐reported exposure with echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function. Exposure to burning wood at the current job was associated with decreased left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (−3.1%; standard error [SE], 1.0 [
P
=0.002]). When the analysis was restricted to exposure at the longest‐held job, occupational exposure to burning wood was associated with increased LV diastolic volume (6.7 mL; SE, 1.6 [
P
<0.0001]), decreased LV ejection fraction (−2.7%; SE, 0.6 [
P
<0.0001]), worse LV global longitudinal strain (1.0%; SE, 0.3 [
P
=0.0009]), and decreased right ventricular fractional area change (−0.02; SE, 0.004 [
P
<0.001]). Exposure to pesticides was associated with worse average global longitudinal strain (0.8%; SE, 0.2 [
P
<0.0001]). Exposure to metals was associated with worse global longitudinal strain in the 2‐chamber view (1.0%; SE, 0.5 [
P
=0.04]), increased stroke volume (3.6 mL; SE, 1.6 [
P
=0.03]), and increased LV mass indexed to BSA (9.2 g/m
2
; SE, 3.8 [
P
=0.01]) or height (4.4 g/m
2.7
; SE, 1.9 [
P
=0.02]).

Conclusions
Occupational exposures to burning wood, vehicle exhaust, pesticides, and metals were associated with abnormal parameters of LV and right ventricular systolic function. Reducing exposures to toxic chemicals and particulates in the workplace is a potential opportunity to prevent cardiovascular disease in populations at risk.
Changes in Soil Moisture Persistence in China over the Past 40 Years under a Warming Climate
Authors: Li Mingxing , Wu Peili , Ma Zhuguo , Lv Meixia , Yang Qing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVariability in soil moisture has implications for regional terrestrial environments under a warming climate. This paper focuses on the spatiotemporal variability in the intra-annual persistence of soil moisture in China using the fifth-generation reanalysis dataset by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for the period 1979–2018. The results show that in China, the mean intra-annual persistence in the humid to arid zones increased from 60 to 115 days in the lower layer but decreased from 19 to 13 days and from 25 to 14 days in the upper and root layers, respectively. However, these changes were strongly attenuated in extremely dry and wet regions due to the scarcity of soil moisture anomalies. Large changes in persistence occurred in the lower soil layer in dryland areas, with a mean difference of up to 40 days between the 2010s and the 1980s. Overall increasing trends dominated the large-scale spatial features, despite regional decreases in the eastern arid zone and the North and Northeast China plains. In the root layer, the two plains experienced an expanded decrease while on the Tibetan Plateau it was dominated by decadal variability. These contrasting changes between the lower and root layers along the periphery of the transition zone was a reflection of the enhanced soil hydrological cycle in the root layer. The enhanced persistence in drylands lower layer is an indication of the intensified impacts of soil moisture anomalies (e.g., droughts) on terrestrial water cycle. These findings may help the understanding of climate change impacts on terrestrial environments.
Comparison of Bioabsorbable Steroid-Eluting Sinus Stents Versus Nasopore After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Huang Zhenxiao , Zhou Bing , Wang Dehui , Zang Hongrui , Zhang Huankang , Wang Huan , Wang Shenqing , Cheng Lei , Li Jinrang , Wu Wenying , Zhou Huifang , Wu Huili 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of bioabsorbable steroid-eluting sinus stents versus absorbable Nasopore packs after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods: One hundred eighty-one patients with CRS who underwent ESS were randomly assigned to receive a steroid-eluting sinus stent in one ethmoid sinus cavity, whereas the contralateral control side received a Nasopore pack. Endoscopic evaluations were performed 14, 30, and 90 days after the ESS. Postoperative intervention, polyp formation, adhesions, and middle turbinate (MT) position were assessed as efficacy outcomes. Results: The stents were successfully deployed in all 181 sinuses. Thirty days after the ESS, the stents significantly reduced the need for surgical intervention compared to the Nasopore ( P < .0001). The percentage of cases with polyp formation was significantly lower on the stent sides compared with the Nasopore sides ( P < .0001) at 14, 30, and 90 days after ESS. The percentage of severe adhesion was significantly lower on the stents sides than on the Nasopore sides at postoperative day 90 ( P = .0003), whereas they were not significantly lower at postoperative days 14 and 30. There were no significant differences between the stent sides and the Nasopore sides regarding the frequency of MT lateralization at all end points. No device-related adverse events occurred. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated significant improvement in the early postoperative outcomes by reducing the need for postoperative surgical intervention and polyp formation using steroid-eluting stents when compared with absorbable Nasopore packs. The steroid-eluting sinus stents and the Nasopore packs were each effective in preserving the ethmoid sinus patency and in preventing MT lateralization. A further prospective cohort study with long-term postoperative outcomes is warranted.
Prognostic Significance of Extranodal Extension in HPV‐Mediated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Benchetrit Liliya , Torabi Sina J. , Givi Babak , Haughey Bruce , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the prognostic role of extranodal extension (ENE) among patients with human papilloma virus–positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of institutional studies.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed.Review MethodsTwo independent authors searched the databases on December 3, 2019, to identify studies of HPV+ OPSCC comparing prognostic outcomes stratified by ENE. The I2 statistic was used to determine study heterogeneity. Fixed and random effects models were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.ResultsEighteen observational studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 3603 patients with HPV+ OPSCC (1521 ENE+ and 2082 ENE–) with a median follow‐up of 49 months. The presence of pathologic ENE (pENE) and radiologic ENE (rENE) was associated with decreased overall survival (pENE HR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.15‐3.13], I2 = 35%; rENE HR, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.46‐4.78], I2 = 75%) and distant recurrence (pENE HR, 3.23 [95% CI, 1.25‐8.33], I2 = 0%; rENE HR, 3.83 [95% CI, 1.88‐7.80], I2 = 0%). Neither pENE nor rENE was associated with locoregional recurrence (pENE HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.20‐2.84], I2 = 0%; rENE HR, 2.03 [95% CI, 0.86‐4.79], I2 = 0%). pENE was not associated with disease‐specific survival (pENE HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 0.84‐2.49], I2 = 0%).ConclusionpENE and rENE are moderately associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality and recurrence with distant metastasis in a cohort of patients with HPV+ OPSCC. These findings may be used to inform exclusion criteria for deintensification trials and assist in refined risk stratification.
Peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy: A novel entity
Authors: Montero Hernández Javier , Remolí Sargues Lidia , Monferrer Adsuara Clara , Castro Navarro Verónica , Navarro Palop Catalina , Cervera Taulet Enrique 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome is a new variant of pachychoroid disease recently described. It is important to establish the features and pathogenic mechanisms of this novel entity and its possible association with type 1 neovascularization. The aim of this study is to report a case of peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy, a novel entity of pachychoroid spectrum disease. Case report: A 51-year-old woman was referred to our macula service due to macular pigmentary changes in her right eye. On examination, best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 Snellen equivalent in both eyes. Funduscopy revealed pigmentary changes in the papillonasal bundle in her right eye with mottled autofluorescence in the same area where pigmentary changes. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography illustrated a shallow irregular pigment epithelium detachment (PED) which appears as “double layer sign” overlying pachyvessels, with hyper-flow signal beneath it and a large network of neovascularization revealed by cross-sectional optical coherence tomography angiography. Indocyanine green angiography confirmed the pachyvessels and choroidal hyper-permeability in the peripapillary region. A diagnosis of peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy was made and good visual and anatomical outcomes were achieved with a treat-and-extend regimen with intravitreal aflibercept. Conclusion: We report a novel entity within the pachychoroid spectrum disease, the peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy, which could improve our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of choroidal neovascularization in pachychoroid disorders.