bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cystic fibrosis in Canadian Hutterites
Authors: Pasterkamp Hans , Menzies Kathryn J. , Bayomi Dennis J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Hutterite Brethren are a communal group of Anabaptists who live in the Western regions of North America, predominantly in the Western Canadian provinces. Due to a founder effect, Hutterites have a high rate of cystic fibrosis (CF) with genotypes limited to only two CFTR mutations. One‐third of Hutterite patients with CF are pancreatic sufficient. Previously we found an unexplained younger age at death in Hutterites compared with nonHutterites homozygous for the common F508del mutation. The present study expanded the data collection and analysis for confirmation and further exploration.MethodsAnonymized information, based on Hutterite surnames, was extracted from the Canadian CF Registry. Summary data on nonHutterite patients with CF homozygous for F508del served as control. Statistical analyses explored the effects of genotype within Hutterites and compared nutritional status, lung function, and microbiologic findings between the groups.ResultsThe younger average age at death in Hutterites compared with controls was confirmed, but there was no suggestion of a generally shortened life expectancy. While the nutritional status in Hutterite children was better than that of controls, their lung function was slightly but significantly lower.Staphylococcus aureuswas more frequent in Hutterites while there was no difference between the groups regardingPseudomonas aeruginosa.ConclusionsDespite less pancreatic insufficiency, better nutrition, communal life in socioeconomic stability, and without exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, the clinical course of CF appears to be more severe in a significant number of Hutterites. Investigations of gene‐environment interactions and of CF disease gene modifiers may help to explain this conundrum.
Process Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Foamed SF‐3 Double‐Base Propellant
Authors: Tan Daquan , Wei Xiaoan , Zhang Di , Chen Feiyun , He Weidong , Wang Zeshan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe supercritical CO2 foaming process is a preferable way to treat deserted SF‐3 propellants and solves problems of environmental pollution and waste of resources related to conventional treatment methods, and this process is an environmentally friendly method. In this paper, the effect of process conditions, including the immersion time of deserted SF‐3 propellants in the supercritical CO2 fluid, on the appearance of SF‐3 propellants and detonation performance of the perfusion explosive made from SF‐3 propellants are mainly studied. The results show that the diameter of foamed SF‐3 propellants increases with the immersion time when the immersion time is less than 60 min. When the immersion time is 60 min, the performance of the perfusion explosive made from foamed SF‐3 propellants is the best. The highest detonation velocity is 6683 m s−1, and the corresponding shock wave energy is 1.02 kJ g−1. When the immersion time is more than 60 min, the detonation velocity and the shock wave energy of the perfusion explosive made from foamed SF‐3 propellants decreases with the increase of the immersion time.
Decomposition of electron ionization mass spectra for space application using a Monte‐Carlo approach
Authors: Gautier Thomas , Serigano Joseph , Bourgalais Jérémy , Hörst Sarah M. , Trainer Melissa G. 
Published: November 2019

RationaleQuadrupole mass spectrometers equipped with an electron ionization (EI) sources have been widely used in space exploration to investigate the composition of planetary surfaces and atmospheres. However, the complexity of the samples and the minimal calibration for the fragmentation of molecules in the ionization chambers have prevented the deconvolution of the majority of the mass spectra obtained at different targets, thus limiting the determination of the exact composition of the samples analyzed. We propose a Monte‐Carlo approach to solve this issue mathematically.MethodsWe decomposed simulated mass spectra of mixtures acquired with unit resolving power mass spectrometers and EI sources into the sum of the single components fragmentation patterns weighted by their relative concentration using interior‐point least‐square fitting. To fit compounds with poorly known fragmentation patterns, we used a Monte‐Carlo method to vary the intensity of individual fragment ions. We then decomposed the spectrum thousands of times to obtain a statistical distribution.ResultsBy performing the deconvolution on a mixture of seven different molecules with interfering fragmentation patterns (H2O, O2, CH4, Ar, N2, C2H4, and C2H6) we show that this approach retrieves the mixing ratio of the individual components more accurately than regular mass spectra decomposition methods that rely on fragmentation patterns from general databases. It also provides the probability density function for each species's mixing ratio.ConclusionsBy removing the solution degeneracy in the decomposition of mass spectra, the method described herein could significantly increase the scientific retrieval from archived space flight mass spectrometry data, where calibration of the ionization source is no longer an option.
Enhancement of Fluorescence Emission for Tricolor Quantum Dots Assembled in Polysiloxane toward Solar Spectrum‐Simulated White Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Hu Guangqi , Sun Yuqiong , Zhuang Jianle , Zhang Xuejie , Zhang Haoran , Zheng Mingtao , Xiao Yong , Liang Yeru , Dong Hanwu , Hu Hang , Lei Bingfu , Hu Chaofan , Liu Yingliang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCommercial white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have the undesirable characteristics of blue‐rich emission and low color rendering index (CRI), while the constituent quantum dots (QDs) suffer from aggregation‐induced fluorescence quenching and poor stability. Herein, a strategy is developed to assemble tricolor QDs into a polysiloxane matrix using a polymer‐mediated hybrid approach whereby the hybrid composite exhibits a significant enhancement of aggregation‐dispersed emission, outstanding photostability, high thermal stability, and outstanding fluorescence recovery. Using the as‐prepared hybrid fluorescent materials, the fabricated LEDs exhibit solar spectrum‐simulated emission with adjustable Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates, correlated color temperature, and a recorded CRI of 97. Furthermore, they present no ultraviolet emission and weak blue emission, thus indicating an ideal healthy and high‐CRI white LED lighting source.
Magnetically Powered Shape‐Transformable Liquid Metal Micromotors
Authors: Liu Min , Wang Yongxin , Kuai Yanbing , Cong Jiawei , Xu Yunli , Piao Hong‐Guang , Pan Liqing , Liu Yiman 
Published: November 2019

AbstractShape‐transformable liquid metal (LM) micromachines have attracted the attention of the scientific community over the past 5 years, but the inconvenience of transfer routes and the use of corrosive fuels have limited their potential applications. In this work, a shape‐transformable LM micromotor that is fabricated by a simple, versatile ice‐assisted transfer printing method is demonstrated, in which an ice layer is employed as a “sacrificial” substrate that can enable the direct transfer of LM micromotors to arbitrary target substrates conveniently. The resulting LM microswimmers display efficient propulsion of over 60 µm s−1 (≈3 bodylength s−1) under elliptically polarized magnetic fields, comparable to that of the common magnetic micro/nanomotors with rigid bodies. Moreover, these LM micromotors can undergo dramatic morphological transformation in an aqueous environment under the irradiation of an alternating magnetic field. The ability to transform the shape and efficiently propel LM microswimmers holds great promise for chemical sensing, controlled cargo transport, materials science, and even artificial intelligence in ways that are not possible with rigid‐bodies microrobots.
Development and applications in computational fluid dynamics modeling for secondary settling tanks over the last three decades: A review
Authors: Gao Haiwen , Stenstrom Michael K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSecondary settling tanks (SSTs) are a crucial process that determines the performance of the activated sludge process. However, their performance is often far from satisfactory. In the last 30 years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a robust and cost‐efficient tool for designing new SSTs, modifying the geometries of existing SSTs and improved control techniques in wastewater treatment plants. The first part of this review paper discusses the different approaches to model the motion of particles in SSTs. The applications of different multiphase approaches and the widely applied single‐phase approach in different SST studies are reviewed. The second part reviews current CFD research and engineering practice, focusing on the formation and the effect of density currents, effects of different design variables, parameter uncertainties in modeling structures, and atmospheric conditions. Finally, challenges and future improvements of sub‐models (sludge settling, rheology, turbulence, and flocculation) in the SST model framework are identified.Practitioner points

The first journal review for the CFD applications in SSTs over the last decade.

The controversy over the relationship between SOR and SST performance can be largely explained by the prediction of the CFD model.

Density decoupling in the turbulence model is possible for well‐baffled SSTs.

The relative importance of three modeling parameters is summarized.

Recommendations for future data collection are provided.
Summarizing Colorado's black bear two‐strike directive 30 years after inception
Authors: Lewis Jonathan H. , Alldredge Mathew W. , Dreher Brian P. , George Janet L. , Wait Scott , Petch Brad , Runge Jonathan P. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTColorado Parks and Wildlife implemented a new statewide management policy in 1985 for nuisance black bears (Ursus americanus), known today as the 2‐strike directive. It allowed wildlife managers to assess the repeatability of nuisance bear behavior after translocating them to quality bear habitat away from human food sources. We evaluated this directive using 30 years (1987–2016) of nuisance black bear capture records. Statewide, 53% of 1,093 bears caught, marked, and moved (1st strike) were never reported again, while 25% were killed for a 2nd strike, and hunters harvested 17%. Subadult males committed 2nd strikes more quickly than adult males and females. Although time between strikes was greatest for adult females (496 days), they had the largest probability of committing a 2nd strike among all cohorts. We found that the number of 1st strike captures, from late summer through fall was greatest during years of poor mast production. We suggest that the 2‐strike policy has been an effective management tool for nuisance black bears in Colorado, USA, because of low rates of nuisance behavior following 1st‐strike translocation. If a state or local management objective is to increase black bear populations, wildlife managers may increase tolerance of adult bears that have received their 1st strike in years when fall mast crops largely fail because they are less likely to commit a 2nd strike. Lower tolerance of subadult males may be warranted in bad food years, especially in areas where reductions in bear populations are desired, because they tend to repeat nuisance behaviors more quickly than other bears. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Defining the investment value of Water Entitlements
Authors: De Duonni Angela , Neto Susana , Camkin Jeff 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs tradable rights to access an exclusive share of a water resource, Water Entitlements (WEs) may be regarded as assets that have the potential to provide substantial returns to investors. In this study, I investigated whether the classification of WEs as an “asset class” could improve the distribution of costs and benefits derived from water entitlement investment decisions between private investors, water entitlement (WE) holders, and regional communities. This study explored the intersectionality between the water entitlement investment strategies of asset managers and the water management strategies of water resource managers. This involved a review of literature in the areas of financial investment, water markets, Indigenous values of water, and common‐pool resource management, as well as surveys and interviews of investment industry (Group 1) and water resource managers (Group 2).Key findings noted the consensus between the survey groups regarding the importance of the following on asset managers’ WE investment decisions:

the classification of WEs as financial assets but not as an asset class influences their selection, acquisition, and allocation within investor managed asset portfolios;
the classification of WEs as intangible assets impacts on the allocation of WEs within investor managed asset portfolios and reported rates of returns on portfolios; and
government policy regarding the water resource planning framework underpins investors’ long‐term WE investment strategies.
Overall, the findings of the survey, interviews, and literature review provide the basis for the inclusion of a common property regime within the water resource planning framework to improve the distribution of costs and benefits attributed to WE investment decisions. A common water entitlement (CWE), allocated to regional communities within an enforceable legal framework provides opportunity to integrate collective community values into the water allocation process. CWE, like WEs, are tradeable assets from which communities could reasonably expect to generate annual financial returns, realize capital appreciation, and manage the underlying physical water resource.
Best management practices for agricultural nonpoint source pollution: Policy interventions and way forward
Authors: Jain Chakresh Kumar , Singh Surya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBest management practices (BMPs) are the tools which are adopted to run any activity while inflicting least negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Since, water pollution is one of the most important issues in today's world; it is indispensable to discuss the activities which are deteriorating its quality. Although, a number of treatment technologies and methods are in place for treating the point sources of pollution, there is a need to address nonpoint sources of pollution. There are many successful practices which are capable of curtailing the impacts of nonpoint source pollution, if adopted. In this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the performance and trade‐offs of various management practices to address the issues of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of guiding principles which can pave a way for adoption of these practices. Therefore, an attempt has also been made to explore the aspects of policy formulations along with emphasizing the factors which can lead to adoption/ non‐adoption of such practices.
Hilary Putnam on Perspectivism and Naturalism
Authors: De Caro Mario 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, I analyze the different views that Hilary Putnam developed during the seven decades of his brilliant philosophical career in order to address the question of realism (metaphysical realism, internal realism, quietism, and liberal naturalism). I also argue that the view Putnam defended at the end of his career was the most solid and consistent, and that such view could offer a useful inspiration to the advocates of perspectivism.
Scientific Perspectives, Feminist Standpoints, and Non-Silly Relativism
Authors: Ashton Natalie Alana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDefences of perspectival realism are motivated, in part, by an attempt to find a middle ground between the realist intuition that science seems to tell us a true story about the world, and the Kuhnian intuition that scientific knowledge is historically and culturally situated. The first intuition pulls us towards a traditional, absolutist scientific picture, and the second towards a relativist one. Thus, perspectival realism can be seen as an attempt to secure situated knowledge without entailing epistemic relativism. A very similar motivation is behind feminist standpoint theory, a view which aims to capture the idea that knowledge is socially situated whilst retaining some kind of absolutism. Elsewhere I argue that the feminist project fails to achieve this balance; its commitment to situated knowledge unavoidably entails epistemic relativism (though of an unproblematic kind), which allows them to achieve all of their feminist goals. In this paper I will explore whether the same arguments apply to perspectival realism. And so I will be asking whether perspectival realism too is committed to an unproblematic kind of relativism, capable of achieving scientific goals; or, whether it succeeds in carving out a third view, between or beyond the relativism/absolutism dichotomy.
Data Protection and Ethical Issues in European P5 eHealth
Authors: Sanchini Virginia , Marelli Luca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn spite of its promise to significantly ameliorate health and care practices, the momentous rise of eHealth technologies has been fraught with significant ethical and societal concerns. Focusing on the unfolding of eHealth within the European Union, this contribution will explore its underpinning regulatory landscape with regard to data protection, focusing on the impact of the recently enforced Regulation (EU) 2016/679, also known as the General Data Protection Regulation. In addition, this chapter will chart relevant ethical issues related to the emergence of novel eHealth technologies. Finally, the conclusion will briefly explore ethical issues and their solutions in the light of the P5 approach.
Participatory Aspects of ICT Infrastructures for Cancer Management
Authors: Kondylakis Haridimos , Koumakis Lefteris , Mazzocco Ketti , Tsiknakis Manolis , Marias Kostas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSignificant improvements in cancer research have led to more cancer patients being cured, and many more enabled to live with their cancer. As the disease is now managed as a chronic illness, it requires long-term surveillance and maintenance treatment. This requires a transformation in the nature of healthcare from reactive to preventive, personalized and participatory. To this direction, in this chapter we present relevant approaches developed within five European funded projects and we report on experiences and lessons learnt. More specifically, we describe the eHealth solutions developed, enabling patients to actively participate in their disease management, the results out of those projects towards the P5 vision and more especially on the participatory aspect and we present a set of requirements and guidelines for future technological solutions.
Role of Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies in Personalized Medicine
Authors: Morganti Stefania , Tarantino Paolo , Ferraro Emanuela , D’Amico Paolo , Viale Giulia , Trapani Dario , Duso Bruno Achutti , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFollowing the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, research in oncology has progressively focused on the sequencing of cancer genomes, with the aim of better understanding the genetic basis of oncogenesis and identifying actionable alterations. The development of next-generation-sequencing (NGS) techniques, commercially available since 2006, allowed for a cost- and time-effective sequencing of tumor DNA, leading to a “genomic era” of cancer research and treatment. NGS provided a significant step forward in Personalized Medicine (PM) by enabling the detection of somatic driver mutations, resistance mechanisms, quantification of mutational burden, germline mutations, which settled the foundation of a new approach in cancer care. In this chapter, we discuss the history, available techniques, and applications of NGS in oncology, with a particular referral to the PM approach and the emerging role of the research field of pharmacogenomics.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 24-h urinary output of children and adolescents: impact on the assessment of iodine status using urinary biomarkers
Authors: Beckford Kelsey , Grimes Carley A. , Margerison Claire , Riddell Lynn J. , Skeaff Sheila A. , West Madeline L. , Nowson Caryl A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Urinary iodine concentration (UIC (μg/ml) from spot urine samples collected from school-aged children is used to determine the iodine status of populations. Some studies further extrapolate UIC to represent daily iodine intake, based on the assumption that children pass approximately 1 L urine over 24-h, but this has never been assessed in population studies. Therefore, the present review aimed to collate and produce an estimate of the average 24-h urine volume of children and adolescents (> 1 year and < 19 years) from published studies.

Methods
EBSCOHOST and EMBASE databases were searched to identify studies which reported the mean 24-h urinary volume of healthy children (> 1 year and < 19 years). The overall mean (95% CI) estimate of 24-h urine volume was determined using a random effects model, broken down by age group.

Results
Of the 44 studies identified, a meta-analysis of 27 studies, with at least one criterion for assessing the completeness of urine collections, indicated that the mean urine volume of 2–19 year olds was 773 (654, 893) (95% CI) mL/24-h. When broken down by age group, mean (95% CI) 24-h urine volume was 531 mL/day (454, 607) for 2–5 year olds, 771 mL/day (734, 808) for 6–12 year olds, and 1067 mL/day (855, 1279) for 13–19 year olds.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that the average urine volume of children aged 2–12 years is less than 1 L, therefore, misclassification of iodine intakes may occur when urine volumes fall below or above 1 L. Future studies utilizing spot urine samples to assess iodine status should consider this when extrapolating UIC to represent iodine intakes of a population.
Human adenovirus binding to host cell receptors: a structural view
Authors: Stasiak Aleksandra Cecylia , Stehle Thilo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHuman Adenoviruses (HAdVs) are a family of clinically and therapeutically relevant viruses. A precise understanding of their host cell attachment and entry mechanisms can be applied in inhibitor design and the construction of targeted gene delivery vectors. In this article, structural data on adenovirus attachment and entry are reviewed. HAdVs engage two types of receptors: first, an attachment receptor that is bound by the fibre knob protein protruding from the icosahedral capsid, and next, an integrin entry receptor bound by the pentameric penton base at the capsid vertices. Adenoviruses use remarkably diverse attachment receptors, five of which have been studied structurally in the context of HAdV binding: Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor, CD46, the glycans GD1a and polysialic acid, and desmoglein-2. Together with the integrin entry receptors, they display both symmetrical and asymmetrical modes of binding to the virus as demonstrated by the structural analyses reviewed here. The diversity of HAdV receptors contributes to the broad tropism of these viruses, and structural studies are thus an important source of information on HAdV-host cell interactions. The imbalance in structural data between the more and less extensively studied receptors remains to be addressed by future research.