bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-acting parenteral formulations of hydrophilic drugs, proteins, and peptide therapeutics: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic benefits with a focus on technologies
Authors: Nakmode Deepa D. , Singh Baljinder , Abdella Sadikalmahdi , Song Yunmei , Garg Sanjay 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite being the most widely prescribed formulation, oral formulations possess several limitations such as low adherence, low bioavailability, high toxicity (in the case of anticancer drugs), and multiple-time administration requirements. All these limitations can be overcome by long-acting injectables. Improved adherence, patient compliance, and reduced relapse have been observed with long-acting formulation which has increased the demand for long-acting injectables. Drugs or peptide molecules with oral bioavailability issues can be easily delivered by long-acting systems. This review comprehensively addresses the various technologies used to develop long-acting injections with a particular focus on hydrophilic drugs and large molecules as well as the factors affecting the choice of formulation strategy. This is the first review that discusses the possible technologies that can be used for developing long-acting formulations for hydrophilic molecules along with factors which will affect the choice of the technology. Furthermore, the mechanism of drug release as well as summaries of marketed formulations will be presented. This review also discusses the challenges associated with the manufacturing and scale-up of the long-acting injectables.

Graphical abstract
Microscopic polyangiitis in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a unique presentation of pulmonary-renal syndrome and case report of an overlap syndrome
Authors: Zhang Chen-xing , Yin Lei , Mao You-ying , Zhou Zheng-yu , Zhou Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSecondary vasculitis is encountered in about one-third of all cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Skin is most commonly involved in lupus-related small vasculitis. Although antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is relatively uncommon, it can be the most dangerous manifestation associated with high mortality. SLE and AAV are separate diseases with different pathophysiologies and an overlap syndrome has only been reported a few times in previous literature. We present a unique case of a pediatric patient of pulmonary-renal syndrome, presenting with pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Serological and biopsy findings were suggestive of SLE and AAV occurring, simultaneously. Renal biopsy demonstrated necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, superimposed on diffuse segmental proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis class IV. The presentations of autoimmune diseases and vasculitis can be multi-systemic. Considering overlap syndromes, especially in patients with underlying connective tissue disease or systemic vasculitis, is vital for prompt therapy and prevention of morbidity in this population.
Fanconi syndrome following administration of oral supplements containing red yeast rice: several months follow-up of three cases
Authors: Matsui-Hosoya Reina , Sato Koji , Yagasaki Motohiro , Hirose Hitomi , Fukao Yusuke , Kano Toshiki , Io Hiroaki , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo date, the treatment strategy and long-term prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after taking Benikoji CholesteHelp®, a red yeast rice supplement, remains unclear. We present three cases wherein renal dysfunction improved within a few months of supplement discontinuation, without immunosuppressive therapy. Case 1: A 59-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, treated with telmisartan (serum creatinine [sCr]: 0.65 mg/dL; estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]: 71.3 mL/min/1.73 m2) and Benikoji CholesteHelp® for 7 months, developed Fanconi syndrome (FS) and severe renal impairment (sCr: 2.32 mg/dL; eGFR: 17.7 mL/min/1.73 m2). Renal biopsy and gallium-67 scintigraphy revealed no active drug-induced interstitial nephritis. Her condition improved significantly after supplement discontinuation. Her renal function gradually improved, with 3-month follow-up sCr and eGFR values of 0.96 mg/dL and 46.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; however, these were still worse than the pre-onset values. Case 2: A 48-year-old man had mild renal dysfunction (sCr: 1.12 mg/dL; eGFR: 56.76 mL/min/1.73 m2) after taking Benikoji CholesteHelp® for approximately 2 years; this was reversed upon supplement discontinuation. Case 3: A 47-year-old man with FS and mild renal dysfunction (sCr: 1.09 mg/dL; eGFR: 58.5 mL/min/1.73 m2) after taking Benikoji CholesteHelp® for approximately 4 months, showed notable improvement in FS after supplement discontinuation; however, the mild renal dysfunction persisted. The primary intervention in all cases was immediate supplement discontinuation, leading to rapid improvement in renal function, without need for immunosuppressive therapy. These findings increase our understanding of renal impairment caused by red yeast rice, with improvement after withdrawal, sometimes after several months.
The Global Burden of Migraine: A 30-Year Trend Review and Future Projections by Age, Sex, Country, and Region
Authors: Dong Lingkang , Dong Wenqi , Jin Yuchen , Jiang Yumeng , Li Zhuangzhuang , Yu Dongzhen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder causing significant disability worldwide. Despite extensive research on specific populations, comprehensive analyses of global trends are remains limited.

Methods
We extracted incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data for migraine from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Trends were analyzed across regions, age groups, sexes, and sociodemographic index (SDI) using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC). Predictive models (ARIMA) were used to forecast trends to 2050.

Results
From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of migraine significantly increased: prevalence increased by 58.15%, from 732.56 million to 1.16 billion cases, and incidence increased by 42.06%. The DALYs also increased by 58.27%. There were differences between the sexes: female individuals had higher absolute rates of migraine incidence and prevalence, but male individuals exhibited a four- to five-fold more rapid increase than female individuals in these parameters. Adolescents (< 20 years old) have the fastest growth in prevalence and DALYs. Regionally, high SDI regions having the highest age-standardized rate (ASR) and low SDI regions having the lowest ASR in DALYs. East Asia and Latin America exhibited the most significant increases in migraine burden, whereas Southeast Asia exhibited the most pronounced decrease. Predictive analysis suggests prevalence will continue to rise until 2050, particularly among male individuals and adolescents.

Conclusions
The global burden of migraine has significantly escalated from 1990 to 2021, with female individuals bearing a greater burden but male individuals showing a faster growth rate. Adolescents also face a rapidly rising prevalence. Disparities across SDI regions, countries, age groups, and sexes emphasize the need for targeted public health strategies. Focused interventions are required to mitigate the growing impact of migraines on global health, particularly among male individuals and adolescents.
Nachhaltigkeit und Weiterbildung(-sforschung)
Authors: Singer-Brodowski Mandy , Pätzold Henning 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die internationalen Anstrengungen für mehr Nachhaltigkeit sind vor dem Hintergrund des eskalierenden Klimawandels, der anhaltenden globalen Ungleichheiten oder des fortschreitenden Verlusts an Biodiversität zu einer der zentralen Aufgaben der Menschheit im 21. Jahrhundert geworden. Entsprechend vielfältig sind auch die Bezüge zwischen Nachhaltigkeit und Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung. Die Forschung an den Schnittstellen zu Nachhaltigkeit, Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung und Weiterbildungs/Erwachsenenbildungsforschung ist allerdings bislang kaum systematisch aufbereitet. Der Artikel bietet einen Überblick über Stand und Perspektiven der Diskussion zu Nachhaltigkeit in der Weiterbildung(-sforschung). Basierend auf einer Analyse historischer Bezüge und einer Begriffsbestimmung zu Nachhaltigkeit wird eine Heuristik zu nachhaltigkeitsbezogener Weiterbildungsforschung auf Ebene der Individuen, der Interaktion, der Organisation und der Gesellschaft entfaltet. Auf diesen vier Ebenen werden zentrale Fragen formuliert, einschlägige Theorien sondiert, empirische Erkenntnisse dargelegt und Forschungsdesiderate erkundet. Damit soll das relativ junge Forschungsfeld zu Nachhaltigkeit in der Weiterbildung sortiert und ein Rahmen für übergreifende Diskussionen im Themenheft eröffnet werden.
Variation in response of three Epichloë species, causal agents of ‘choke disease’ in grasses, to the novel fungicide mefentrifluconazole
Authors: Kułakowski Michał , Górzyńska Karolina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The fungal endophytes of the Epichloë genus produce stromata, which are external structures that prevent grasses from flowering and producing seeds, causing economic losses in grass-based crops due to a condition known as 'choke disease.' This study aimed to examine the impact of a new fungicide, mefentrifluconazole, on the mycelium growth of Epichloë fungi. The results revealed that percent growth inhibition (PGI) values recorded with mefentrifluconazole varied among the three Epichloë species tested, with the highest value in E. festucae (85.43 ± 0.81%) and the lowest in E. typhina (43.04 ± 12.00%). Compared to other fungicides (azoxystrobin and fenpropidin), mefentrifluconazole had a weak effect at low concentrations in two of the three Epichloë species tested. Additionally, in each of the tested fungal species, mefentrifluconazole had different effect compared to other fungicides (it was the most effective fungicide in E. festucae, the least effective in E. typhina, and in E. clarkii, its effectiveness was between azoxystrobin and fenpropidin, taking into account the highest possible PGI in a given species). When analyzing the EC50 values of all tested fungicides, it is difficult to determine the most effective inhibitor for all three Epichloë species. These findings provide new insights into the management of 'choke disease' in grasses. The variation in response of the three species to the novel fungicide mefentrifluconazole highlights the importance of studying different species of Epichloë simultaneously.
Privacy practices of popular websites in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhazmi Ahmed , Daghistani Anas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPreserving users’ privacy while exploring the Internet is a continuous challenge. Regulations such as GDPR, CCPA, and PDPL have been introduced to counter privacy-invasive trends. This paper introduces a framework for inspecting the state of popular websites in preserving the privacy of their visitors. The framework can be used to analyze websites in both Arabic and English languages. We use it to report the current state of popular websites in Saudi Arabia. We examined the state of these websites three months before the official enforcement of the Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL). Therefore, the paper shows the degree of alignment for popular websites in Saudi Arabia with PDPL. We analyze 723 websites and explore their utilization of cookies. We examined whether these websites inform their visitors of cookie usage and obtain visitors’ consent. We assess whether these websites detail their privacy policies to their visitors. Our results demonstrated that approximately 85% of websites that use cookies don’t display cookie banners or policies to their visitors, potentially depriving users from their PDPL-specified rights such as being informed of data collection. Our analysis shows that 39% of the scanned websites do not follow the PDPL requirement of providing privacy policies, precluding users from knowing how their collected data will be handled and how they can exercise their rights under PDPL. In summary, our analysis highlights alarming practices that can potentially violate PDPL requirements.
Guided slow MHD waves in partially ionised solar atmosphere driven by a monochromatic source
Authors: Alharbi Abdulaziz H. , Hijji Hasan H. , Alqurashi Hazza , Moslem W. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhen the temperature does not exceed $$10^4$$

10
4

K, in the solar atmosphere, plasma dynamics can not be investigated in a fully ionised state, meaning that a partially ionised plasma is required. Recently, partial ionised plasma has received high interest. In this paper, we study the numerical solution of the temporal evolution of magnetoacoustic waves driven by a monochromatic source in a thin magnetic gravitationally stratified flux tube in partially ionised plasma. For collision frequencies larger than ion-neutral collision frequencies, two fluid approximation is needed. We obtain the evolutionary equation analytically using the Laplace transform. Our findings show that waves connected to the charged mode propagate with a cutoff due to gravitational stratification, while waves in the neutral fluid decay very rapidly as a result of collisions between charged and neutral particles and can only propagate with a small wave length.
Observation of chiral Landau levels in two-dimensional acoustic system
Authors: Liu Yixian , Li Kaichong , Liu Wenjie , Zhang Zhiwang , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLandau levels, previously proposed and verified in condensed matter systems, are conventionally achieved by introducing an external magnetic field that interacts with electrons. In phononic systems, people have proposed the method of applying strain to structures to form artificial synthetic magnetic fields, which in turn induces the emergence of Landau levels. While most of the current implementations about Landau levels are based on three-dimensional (3D) Weyl systems, the experimental realization of chiral Landau levels in two-dimensional (2D) Dirac acoustic systems remains an open and interesting topic. In this work, we present an innovative approach to generate the chiral Landau levels within a 2D acoustic system by introducing an in-plane artificial pseudomagnetic field. Through breaking the spatial parity symmetry and opening the Dirac cones, we introduce position-dependent effective mass terms to Hamiltonian and confirm the existence of chiral Landau levels by simulations and experiments. Furthermore, We verify the strong robustness of the zeroth Landau level to different kinds of defects. This work provides a feasible way to realize chiral Landau levels in 2D acoustic systems and suggests potential applications in other 2D artificial structures.
Engineering FRET biosensor for H3K9 acetylation imaging in single living cells
Authors: Li Shitian , Sun Chang , Harrison Reed E. S. , Cheng Leonardo , Gao Li , Liu Longwei , Wang Yingxiao , Peng Qin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHistone acetylation is an important epigenetic modification that governs gene expression, chromatin changes in stress response, and cell fate transition. FRET biosensors have been developed for various epigenetic events to enable spatiotemporal tracking of sub-cellular signaling events. Previously reported histone H3 acetylation biosensor recognizing two acetyl residues lacked specificity. In this study, using a single bromodomain of the BRD4, we have developed a genetically encoded H3K9ac biosensor. We systematically investigated different combinations of the BET family protein as binding domains and performed site-saturated mutagenesis to optimize the biosensor, achieving a dynamic FRET change up to 30% under TSA treatment. With the application of the optimized H3K9ac biosensor, we revealed different basal active chromatin architectures in invasive tumor cells compared to benign tumor cells. Furthermore, we found that H3K9ac level increased dramatically when cancer cells passed through microchannels, which models the physical constraints and mechanical microenvironmental conditions that cancer cells encounter when passing through narrow spaces within the body. This result highlights the chromatin plasticity in response to external mechanical stresses. In summary, our H3K9ac biosensor provides a versatile tool for mechanistic investigation of cell fate transition in cancer and mechanotransduction.
Graphical Abstract
Decolonising physical literacy for human and planetary well-being
Authors: Riley Kathryn , Delgado Lucy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Traditionally, physical education has focused on movement competency to develop skills for successful performance in different physical activities. Recently, however, the focus of many physical educators is shifting to notions of physical literacy to promote human flourishing through embodied experiences across multiple and diverse movement contexts well beyond physical education. While this shift is a welcome corrective to more traditional approaches to physical education, mainstream conceptions of physical literacy remain unduly narrow as rooted in colonial logics that continue to separate humans from the Earth while locating dominant categories of the human in hierarchical positions of power. In response, this article is an entanglement of Western and Métis embodiments of physical literacy. Deconstructing universalising models and modes of physical literacy set in dominant Western constructs, we seek to foster culturally relevant and meaningful physical literacy to promote physical activity and the wholistic health and well-being of Indigenous, or specifically, Red River Métis teachers and learners in Winnipeg, Canada. In doing so, we seek to provide a (re)visioning of human/Earth relationships as cultivated through movement-with Land; and thus, strengthen physical educational practices that more adequately attends to social (human) and ecological (Earth) flourishing in the context of global climate change.
Design and simulation of high temperature rise triple-swirler combustor
Authors: Wang D. , Li F. , Lin H. , Tan Y. , Wang K. , Wang D. , Zhao Y. , Zhao K. , Zhou T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To meet the development needs of aeroengines for high thrust-to-weight ratios and fuel-air ratios, a high temperature rise triple-swirler main combustor was designed with a total fuel-air ratio of 0.037, utilising advanced technologies including staged combustion, multi-point injection and multi-inclined hole cooling. Fluent software was used to conduct numerical simulations under both takeoff and idle conditions, thereby obtaining the distribution characteristics of the velocity and temperature fields within the combustor, as well as the generation of pollutants. The simulation results indicate that under takeoff conditions, the high temperature rise triple-swirler combustor achieves a total pressure loss coefficient of less than 6% and a combustion efficiency exceeding 99%. Under takeoff conditions, the OTDF and RTDF values are 0.144 and 0.0738, respectively. The mole fraction of NOx emissions is 3,700ppm, while the mole fraction of soot emissions is 2.55×10−5ppm. Under idle conditions, the triple-swirler combustor maintains a total pressure loss coefficient of less than 6% and a combustion efficiency greater than 99.9%. The OTDF and RTDF values are 0.131 and 0.0624, respectively. The mole fractions of CO and UHC emissions are both 0×10−32ppm at the calculation limit of Fluent software.
Towards intermediate complexity modelling of contrail formation: the new dynamical framework RadMod
Authors: Lottermoser A. , Unterstrasser S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractContrails are a major contributor to the climate effect of aviation. Mitigation efforts and technological improvements aim to reduce the contrail climate effect. Many currently discussed innovations (like using sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) or hydrogen) affect the physical processes and phenomena during contrail formation. Hence, understanding and analysing contrail formation is of great importance in the context of climate research. Ice crystal formation in a nascent contrail is completed within the first seconds after the engine exhaust is emitted. In the past, numerical models treating this early stage typically involved either a 3D or 0D approach. Whereas 3D models are computationally expensive, restricting the number of simulations that could be performed, less expensive 0D models allow to explore a larger parameter space but neglect plume heterogeneity and use a prescribed plume dilution. We present the new dynamical framework RadMod for contrail formation simulations that describes the evolution of a turbulent round jet emitted from an aircraft engine. Relative to large-eddy simulation (LES) or Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) 3D models of contrail formation, our model is computationally less expensive, enabling extensive parameter studies. The model accounts for the mixing of the hot and moist exhaust air with the cold ambient air through the solution of the two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation of momentum, temperature, and water vapour. The validation of our model is conducted through comparisons with empirical relationships and CFD results. In the near future, this model will be combined with an existing microphysical model, resulting in a contrail formation model of intermediate complexity.
The role of empiric atypical antibiotic coverage in non-severe community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Hartlage Whitney , Imlay Hannah , Spivak Emily S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A β–lactam plus a macrolide or a respiratory fluoroquinolone alone is recommended as standard empiric antibacterial therapy for non-severe adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) per Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. However, the evidence in support of adding empiric atypical antibacterial therapy, and specifically the addition of a macrolide, is conflicting and should be balanced with additional factors: the necessity of covering atypical organisms, benefits of macrolide-associated immunomodulation, harms associated with antibiotic use, and selection for antibiotic-resistant organisms. In this review, we examine the role of atypical coverage in standard treatment regimens for patients admitted with non-severe CAP and specifically focus on the addition of macrolides to β–lactams. We conclude that a subset of patients should not be given atypical coverage as part of their regimen.