bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilingualism and Affective Attitudes: The Sociocognitive Profiles of First‐Year Learners of L2 German
Authors: Ruck Julia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSociocognitive (Atkinson, 2011) and complex dynamic systems approaches (Larsen‐Freeman & Cameron, 2008) highlight the inextricable connectedness of social and cognitive phenomena in second language (L2) learning. Previous research found numerous ties between L2 learning and both learners' sociocultural background as well as their affective attitudes such as their Tolerance of Ambiguity (TOA; Ely, 1995; Herman, Stevens, Bird, Mendenhall, & Oddou, 2010). However, there is little insight as to how these social and cognitive factors are interrelated. This article explores the interconnections between sociocultural – place of upbringing, international experience, languages – and cognitive‐attitudinal – TOA, Attitudinal and Behavioral Openness (ABOS; Caligiuri, Jacobs, & Farr, 2000) – learner backgrounds among 49 elementary‐level students of L2 German at a U.S. university. Correlation analyses show a complex network of learners' sociocognitive backgrounds and suggest that international students tend to have lower TOA and higher ABOS than domestic students. Implications for L2 German teaching are discussed.
Canonical correlative analyses among an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using synthetic peptides, an indirect fluorescent antibody test, and hematologic measurements in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis
Authors: Taques Isis I. G. G. , Koiyama Maíra F. G. , Campos Amanda N. S. , Costa Jackeliny S. , Hongyu Kuang , Aguiar Daniel M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmunoreactive tandem repeat proteins (TRPs) in amino acid sequences were identified and employed in the serologic diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME).ObjectivesThis study evaluated using TRP19 and TRP36 synthetic protein antigens with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and compared the results with an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to diagnose CME in the serum of dogs with suspected CME.MethodsThe sera of 243 dogs that exhibited clinical and hematologic signs suggestive of CME had IFATs performed. An ELISA with synthetic TRP19 and TRP36 antigens from two E canis genotypes (USTRP36 and BrTRP36) that circulate in Brazil were also performed. Canonical correlations and chi‐square tests were evaluated on the results of these tests.ResultsAmong the 243 dogs, 179 (73.6%) were reactive at an IFAT ≥ 40, 167 (68.72%) reacted at the cut‐off ≥160, and 149 (61.31%) reacted at ≥640. The ELISA revealed that 172 (70.8%) dogs reacted to TRP19 peptide, 163 (67.1%) reacted to USTRP36, and 114 (46.9%) reacted to BrTRP36. The canonical correlation analyses showed that the TRP19 ELISA was the most effective diagnostic method. Serum total protein levels showed strong positive correlations with the USTRP36 peptide. Qualitative analyses revealed an association between the TRP19 peptide and the presence of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperproteinemia. The IFAT results at titers of ≥160 and ≥640 were associated with thrombocytopenia.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated that the TRP19 peptide was an excellent antigen and that the IFAT was diagnostically important in confirming the diagnosis of CME in serum samples.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in placental trophoblast cells experiencing gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fisher Joshua J. , Vanderpeet Chelsea L. , Bartho Lucy A. , McKeating Daniel R. , Cuffe James S. M. , Holland Olivia. J. , Perkins Anthony V. 
Published: November 2020

Key points
Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to occur in diabetic phenotypes including type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing and defined as the onset of a diabetic phenotype during pregnancy.
The role of placental mitochondria in the aetiology of GDM remains unclear and is an emerging area of research.
Differing mitochondrial morphologies within the placenta may influence the pathogenesis of the disorder.
This study observed mitochondrial dysfunction in GDM placenta when assessing whole tissue.
Upon further investigation into mitochondrial isolates from the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, mitochondrial dysfunction appears exaggerated in syncytiotrophoblast.
Assessing mitochondrial populations individually enabled the determination of differences between cell lineages of the placenta and established varying levels of mitochondrial dysfunction in GDM, in some instances establishing significance in pathways previously inconclusive or confounded when assessing whole tissue.
This research lays the foundation for future work into mitochondrial dysfunction in the placenta and the role it may play in the aetiology of GDM.
AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with diabetic phenotypes, yet the involvement of placental mitochondria in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains inconclusive. This is in part complicated by the different mitochondrial subpopulations present in the two major trophoblast cell lineages of the placenta. To better elucidate the role of mitochondria in this pathology, this study examined key aspects of mitochondrial function in placentas from healthy pregnancies and those complicated by GDM in both whole tissue and isolated mitochondria. Mitochondrial content, citrate synthase activity, reactive oxygen species production and gene expression regulating metabolic, hormonal and antioxidant control was examined in placental tissue, before examining functional differences between mitochondrial isolates from cytotrophoblast (Cyto‐Mito) and syncytiotrophoblast (Syncytio‐Mito). Our study observed evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction across multiple pathways when assessing whole placental tissue from GDM pregnancies compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, by examining isolated mitochondria from the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cell lineages of the placenta we established that although both mitochondrial populations were dysfunctional, they were differentially impacted. These data highlight the need to consider changes in mitochondrial subpopulations at the feto‐maternal interface when studying pregnancy pathologies.
Effects of Time in Sitting and Standing on Pleasantness, Acceptability, Fatigue, and Pain When Using a Sit–Stand Desk: An Experiment on Overweight and Normal-Weight Subjects
Authors: Barbieri Dechristian França , Brusaca Luiz Augusto , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Oliveira Ana Beatriz 
Published: November 2020

Background: Sit–stand desks have been suggested as an initiative to increase posture variation among office workers. However, there is limited evidence of what would be preferable combinations of time sitting and standing. The aim of this study was to determine and compare perceived pleasantness, acceptability, pain, and fatigue for 5 time patterns of sitting and standing at a sit–stand desk.Methods: Thirty postgraduate students were equally divided into a normal-weight (mean body mass index 22.8 kg/m2) and an overweight/obese (mean body mass index 28.1 kg/m2) group. They performed 3 hours of computer work at a sit–stand desk on 5 different days, each day with a different time pattern (A: 60-min sit/0-min stand; B: 50/10; C: 40/20; D: 30/30; E: 20/40). Pleasantness, acceptability, pain, and fatigue ratings were obtained at the beginning and at the end of the 3-hour period.Results: High ratings of pleasantness were observed for time patterns B, C, and D in both groups. All participants rated acceptability to be good for time patterns A to D. A minor increase in perceived fatigue and pain was observed in time pattern E.Conclusion: For new sit–stand desk users, regardless of body mass index, 10 to 30 minutes of standing per hour appears to be an amenable time pattern.
Emergence of Resistance in
Klebsiella aerogenes
to Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Ceftriaxone
Authors: Custodio Marco M. , Sanchez Daniel , Anderson Beverly , Ryan Keenan L. , Walraven Carla , Mercier Renee-Claude 
Published: November 2020

We examined the effects of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) concentration and bacterial inoculum on
in vitro
killing and the emergence of resistance in
Klebsiella aerogenes
. The MICs for 15 clinical respiratory isolates were determined by broth microdilution for TZP and by Etest for ceftriaxone (CRO) and cefepime (FEP). The presence of resistance in TZP-susceptible isolates (
n
= 10) was determined by serial passes over increasing concentrations of TZP-containing and CRO-containing agar plates.
Lithologic, geomorphic, and permafrost controls on recent landsliding in the Alaska Range
Authors: Patton A.I. , Rathburn S.R. , Capps D. , Brown R.A. , Singleton J.S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBecause landslide regimes are likely to change in response to climate change in upcoming decades, the need for mechanistic understanding of landslide initiation and up-to-date landslide inventory data is greater than ever. We conducted surficial geologic mapping and compiled a comprehensive landslide inventory of the Denali National Park road corridor to identify geologic and geomorphic controls on landslide initiation in the Alaska Range. The supplemental geologic map refines and improves the resolution of mapping in the study area and adds emphasis on surficial units, distinguishing multiple glacial deposits, hillslope deposits, landslides, and alluvial units that were previously grouped. Results indicate that slope angle, lithology, and thawing ice-rich permafrost exert first-order controls on landslide occurrence. The majority (84%) of inventoried landslides are &lt;0.01 km2 in area and occur most frequently on slopes with a bimodal distribution of slope angles with peaks at 18° and 28°. Of the 85 mapped landslides, a disproportionate number occurred in unconsolidated sediments and in felsic volcanic rocks. Weathering of feldspar within volcanic rocks and subsequent interactions with groundwater produced clay minerals that promote landslide initiation by impeding subsurface conductivity and reducing shear strength. Landslides also preferentially initiated within permafrost, where modeled mean decadal ground temperature is −0.2 ± 0.04 °C on average, and active layer thickness is ∼1 m. Landslides that initiated within permafrost occurred on slope angles ∼7° lower than landslides on seasonally thawed hillslopes. The bimodal distribution of slope angles indicates that there are two primary drivers of landslide failure within discontinuous permafrost zones: (1) atmospheric events (snowmelt or rainfall) that saturate the subsurface, as is commonly observed in temperate settings, and (2) shallow-angle landslides (&lt;20° slopes) in permafrost demonstrate that permafrost and ice thaw are also important triggering mechanisms in the study region. Melting permafrost reduces substrate shear strength by lowering cohesion and friction along ice boundaries. Increased permafrost degradation associated with climate change brings heightened focus to low-angle slopes regionally as well as in high-latitude areas worldwide. Areas normally considered of low landslide potential will be more susceptible to shallow-angle landslides in the future. Our landslide inventory and analyses also suggest that landslides throughout the Alaska Range and similar climatic zones are most likely to occur where low-cohesion unconsolidated material is available or where alteration of volcanic rocks produces sufficient clay content to reduce rock and/or sediment strength. Permafrost thaw is likely to exacerbate slope instability in these materials and expand areas impacted by landslides.
Adsorption of Algerian Asphaltenes onto Synthesized Maghemite
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Abbas H. , Manasrah A. D. , Saad A. Abidi , Sebakhy K. O. , Bouhadda Y. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, the adsorption of Algerian asphaltene sample extracted from
Hassi Messaoud oil field is conducted for the first time. The adsorption process
was performed using novel synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles
(γ-Fe2O3).
γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles were
in-house synthesized and characterized by an array of techniques using,
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the synthesized
nanoparticles have an average crystalline domain size around 10 nm and a
specific surface area of 120 m2/g. The adsorption
process of the Algerian asphaltenes took place in a batch mode by dissolving the
asphaltenes in toluene at 25°C. Different initial concentrations of asphaltene
solutions were used in this study, namely 100, 500, and 1000 ppm. During this
adsorption, both isotherm and kinetic studies were investigated. The results
showed that the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles are promising
nano-adsorbents that have a high affinity to remove the asphaltenes and the
equilibrium was recorded after 15 min. The Solid-Liquid-Equilibrium (SLE) model
was used to correlate the adsorption experimental data.
A green sulfur bacterium from epsomitic Hot Lake, Washington, USA
Authors: Madigan Michael T. , Kempher Megan L. , Bender Kelly S. , Jung Deborah O. , Sattley W. Matthew , Lindemann Stephen R. , Konopka Allan E. , Dohnalkova Alice C. , Fredrickson James K. 
Published: November 2020

Hot Lake is a small heliothermal and hypersaline lake in far north–central Washington State (USA) and is limnologically unusual because MgSO4 rather than NaCl is the dominant salt. In late summer, the Hot Lake metalimnion becomes distinctly green from blooms of planktonic phototrophs. In a study undertaken over 60 years ago, these blooms were predicted to include green sulfur bacteria, but no cultures were obtained. We sampled Hot Lake and established enrichment cultures for phototrophic sulfur bacteria in MgSO4-rich sulfidic media. Most enrichments turned green or red within 2 weeks, and from green-colored enrichments, pure cultures of a lobed green sulfur bacterium (phylum Chlorobi) were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses showed the organism to be a species of the prosthecate green sulfur bacterium Prosthecochloris. Cultures of this Hot Lake phototroph were halophilic and tolerated high levels of sulfide and MgSO4. In addition, unlike all recognized species of Prosthecochloris, the Hot Lake isolates grew at temperatures up to 45 °C, indicating an adaptation to the warm summer temperatures of the lake. Photoautotrophy by Hot Lake green sulfur bacteria may contribute dissolved organic matter to anoxic zones of the lake, and their diazotrophic capacity may provide a key source of bioavailable nitrogen, as well.
Revealing neutrino nature and CPT violation with decoherence effects
Authors: Buoninfante Luca , Capolupo Antonio , Giampaolo Salvatore M. , Lambiase Gaetano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study decoherence effects on mixing among three generations of neutrinos. We show that in presence of a non-diagonal dissipation matrix, both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos can violate the CPT symmetry and the oscillation formulae depend on the parametrization of the mixing matrix. We reveal the CP violation in the transitions preserving the flavor, for a certain form of the dissipator. In particular, for such dissipators, the CP violation affects all the transitions in the case of Majorana neutrinos, unlike Dirac neutrinos which still preserve the CP symmetry in one of the transitions flavor preserving. The precise form of the dissipation matrix is not known a-priori as it depends on the nature of the phenomenon that originates it. However, our theoretical results show that decoherence effects, if exist for neutrinos, could allow to reveal the neutrino nature and to test fundamental symmetries.
Thermal noise study of a radiation pressure noise limited optical cavity with fused silica mirror suspensions
Authors: Di Pace Sibilla , Naticchioni Luca , De Laurentis Martina , Travasso Flavio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work we study the thermal noise of two monolithically suspended mirrors in a tabletop high-finesse optical cavity. We show that, given suitable seismic filters, such a cavity can be designed to be sensitive to quantum radiation pressure fluctuations in the audio band of gravitational wave interferometric detectors below 1 kHz. Indeed, the thermal noise of the suspensions and of the coatings constitutes the main limit to the observation of quantum radiation pressure fluctuations. This limit can be overcome with an adequate choice of mirror suspension and coating parameters. Finally, we propose to combine two optical cavities, like those modeled in this work, to obtain a tabletop quantum radiation pressure-limited interferometer.

Graphical abstract
Large star/rose extra dimension with small leaves/petals
Authors: Nortier Florian 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we propose to compactify a single Large Extra Dimension (LED) on a star/rose graph with a large number of identical leaves/petals. The 5D Planck scale can be chosen to be [Formula: see text] TeV which can provide a path to solve the gauge hierarchy problem. The leaf/petal length scale is of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] GeV is the weak scale, without the large geometrical hierarchy of the traditional LED models to stabilize. The 4D fields of the SM are localized on a 3-brane at the central vertex of the star/rose graph. We predict a tower of feebly coupled weak scale Kaluza–Klein (KK) gravitons below a regime of strongly coupled gravitational phenomena above the TeV scale. Moreover, we reformulate in our setup the LED mechanism to generate light Dirac neutrinos, where the right-handed neutrinos are KK-modes of gauge singlet fermions propagating in the bulk. A large number of KK-gravitons and KK-neutrinos interact only gravitationally and thus constitute a hidden sector.
Research on the semiclassical theory and Hawking tunneling radiation of nonstationary Kerr black hole
Authors: Wang Tao , Wu Xinxing , Ding Qun-Chao , Yang Shu-Zheng 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the tunneling radiations of spin 1/2 and spin 3/2 fermions from the nonstationary Kerr black hole are investigated. First, according to the Dirac equation and the Rarita–Schwinger equation, the Hamilton–Jacobi equations for spin 1/2 and 3/2 fermions are derived. Then, the tunneling behavior of fermions on the event horizon of the black hole is investigated. Finally, the thermodynamic properties of the nonstationary Kerr black hole are obtained.
Giant dielectric constant and high-temperature dielectric relaxation properties in La-doped SrTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Liu Tianyang , Wang Xiaofei , Li Congcong , Shen Bowen , Yao Mingyan , Pei Xinyang , Yang Yahui , Ou Yanglei , Zhu Zhaofei , Li Liben 
Published: November 2020

[Formula: see text] (SLTO) ceramics ([Formula: see text] = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) were prepared with giant dielectric constant by the traditional solid-state method at 1350[Formula: see text]C. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant was obtained at the temperature ranging from 29[Formula: see text]C to 500[Formula: see text]C and the frequency ranging from 2 kHz to 2 MHz. Two sets of relaxation peaks appear in the low temperature (region I) and the high temperature (region II), respectively. For region I, we conclude that the relaxation behavior is related to the oxygen vacancy migration. For region II, the two relaxation processes are caused by grain boundary for high frequency and Sr or Ti defects at grain interior for low frequency. With the doping amount reaching 0.15, the relaxation peaks disappear and become a common phase transition because of the aggravation of lattice distortion. These possible physical mechanisms of two sets of relaxation peaks are briefly discussed.
Prediction of diabetes and hypertension using multi-layer perceptron neural networks
Authors: Bani-Salameh Hani , Alkhatib Shadi M. , Abdalla Moawyiah , Al-Hami Mo’taz , Banat Ruaa , Zyod Hala , Alkhatib Ahed J. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Diabetes and hypertension are two of the commonest diseases in the world. As they unfavorably affect people of different age groups, they have become a cause of concern and must be predicted and diagnosed well in advance. Objective: This research aims to determine the effectiveness of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in predicting diabetes and blood pressure diseases and to point out the factors which have a high impact on these diseases. Sample: This work used two online datasets which consist of data collected from 768 individuals. We applied neural network algorithms to predict if the individuals have those two diseases based on some factors. Diabetes prediction is based on five factors: age, weight, fat-ratio, glucose, and insulin, while blood pressure prediction is based on six factors: age, weight, fat-ratio, blood pressure, alcohol, and smoking. Method: A model based on the Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) was implemented. The inputs of the network were the factors for each disease, while the output was the prediction of the disease’s occurrence. The model performance was compared with other classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). We used performance metrics measures to assess the accuracy and performance of MLP. Also, a tool was implemented to help diagnose the diseases and to understand the results. Result: The model predicted the two diseases with correct classification rate (CCR) of 77.6% for diabetes and 68.7% for hypertension. The results indicate that MLP correctly predicts the probability of being diseased or not, and the performance can be significantly increased compared with both SVM and KNN. This shows MLPs effectiveness in early disease prediction.