bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Laser in situ Keratomileusis on Low Contrast Vision
Authors: Tumbocon Joseph Anthony J , Suresh Palanisamy , Slomovic Allan , Rootman David S 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the effects of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on low contrast visual acuity.
METHODS: Thirty eyes of 15 LASIK patients with myopia and astigmatism were evaluated preoperatively, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. High contrast visual acuity (HCVA), low contrast visual acuity (LCVA), and contrast threshold were determined.
RESULTS: Mean spherical correction (SE) was -3.24 ± 1.90 D; 16 eyes had a mean SE between -1.00 and -3.00 D, and 14 eyes were between -3.25 and -6.50 D. There was no significant change in HCVA observed at 1 and 3 months in any eye. There was a decrease in LCVA in eyes with a correction >3 D SE at 1 month (P=.04), which returned to normal at 3 months (P=.13). There was an increase in the contrast threshold at 1 month (P=.016). When eyes were divided into groups, those with >3D SE correction had an increase in contrast threshold at 1 month (P=.002); no change was seen in eyes with <3D SE correction (P=.15). At 3 months, contrast threshold was similar to baseline values in all eyes (P=.226).
CONCLUSION: LASIK transiently decreased low contrast visual function in patients with greater than 3.00 D of myopic correction. [J Refract Surg 2004;20(suppl):S689-S692]
Intraoperative Microkeratome Complications in 47,094 Laser in situ Keratomileusis Surgeries
Authors: Nakano Kozo , Nakano Eliane , Oliveira Marivaldo , Portellinha Waldir , Alvarenga Lenio 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We evaluated the incidence and intraoperative microkeratome-related complications in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: We present non-randomized, retrospective, comparative, interventional case series. We reviewed the records of patients who underwent LASIK from August 2000 to March 2004 at Excimer Laser Santa Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil (47,094 eyes). We identified 369 eyes (0.0078%) with an intraoperative complication. Data were collected regarding microkeratome, average keratometric power, and type of complication.
RESULTS: The Hansatome microkeratome was the most common microkeratome used (34,182 eyes; 73%), followed by the Automated Corneal Shaper-ACS (11,164 eyes, 24%) and the Nidek MK-2000 (1748 eyes, 3.7%). Intraoperative complications were more common with the ACS (1.26%) than with the Hansatome (0.63%) and MK-2000 (0.63%) (P<.001; P=.03; respectively). Complications included incomplete flaps (0.23%), buttonholes (0.13%), thin flaps (0.08%), and free flaps (0.08%). Buttonholes were more frequent with the ACS (0.34%) than with the Hansatome (0.06%) (P<.001) and free flaps were more common with the ACS (0.20%) and MK-2000 (0.29%) than with the Hansatome (0.04%) (P<.001). Keratometric power of eyes with intraoperative complications was significantly higher in the ACS group compared to the Hansatome group.
CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative complications were more common with the ACS than with the Hansatome or MK-2000. Buttonholes were most frequent with the ACS, and the Hansatome had the lowest incidence of free flaps. [J Refract Surg 2004;20(suppl):S723-S726]
Factors Influencing the Need for Enhancement After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Perlman Elliot M , Reinert Steven E 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To confirm that enhancements after primary laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) are effective in dealing with residual refractive errors, and to determine if any variables prior to or during the primary LASIK procedure predisposed eyes to require subsequent enhancement.
METHODS: A retrospective study of eyes undergoing primary LASIK with the VISX S2 or S3 laser and Hansatome microkeratome between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2002 was done. Of the 393 eyes of 207 patients, 58 eyes (14%) underwent enhancement within a 16-month window of the primary procedure. Statistical comparisons were made between enhanced (n=37) and non-enhanced (n=148) patients, and enhanced (n=48) and non-enhanced (n=303) eyes, treated for myopia only.
RESULTS: In comparing the primary LASIK parameters of enhanced to non-enhanced eyes in myopic patients, no significant difference was found in right vs left eye, season of the primary treatment, preoperative astigmatism, pachymetry, or amount of attempted astigmatism correction. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender, patient age over 45 years, and a history of recent rigid contact lens use within 6 months of primary LASIK were significantly associated with the need for enhancement.
CONCLUSION: Enhancements were an effective way of dealing with residual refractive errors after primary LASIK. Age greater than 45 years or a history of recent rigid contact lens use were significantly associated with the need for enhancement in patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:783-789]
Effect of Optical Zone Ablation Diameter on LASIK-induced Higher Order Optical Aberrations
Authors: Mok Kwok Hei , Lee Vincent Wing-hong 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the postoperative higher order aberrations among eyes that had received conventional laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) treatment at different optical zone diameters using the Alcon LADARVision 4000 platform (Alcon, Ft Worth, Tex).
METHODS: Monochromatic wavefront aberrations at 6.5-mm pupil size of 96 eyes of 96 Hong Kong Chinese patients with normal myopic astigmatism were objectively measured using the Alcon LADARWave aberrometer before and after (at least 6 months) conventional LASIK with the Autonomous LADARVision 4000 excimer laser. Patients were divided into three groups according to optical zone diameter - group 1 (n=32), optical zone diameter <6.5 mm; group 2 (n=32), optical zone diameter 6.5 mm; and group 3 (n=32), optical zone diameter >6.5 mm).
RESULTS: Mean optical zone diameters of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 6.2±0.1 mm, 6.5±0.0 mm, and 6.9±0.2 mm, respectively. Total higher order, coma, and spherical aberrations before LASIK were 0.67 ±0.27 µm, 0.27±0.17 µm, and 0.41±0.14 µm in group 1; 0.56±0.26 µm, 0.28±0.15 µm, and 0.32±0.11 µm in group 2; and 0.62±0.25 µm, 0.34±0.15 µm, and 0.37 ±0.09 µm in group 3. After surgery, the aberrations increased to 1.20±0.21 µm, 0.71±0.25 µm, and 0.70±0.19 µm in group 1; 0.97±0.18 µm, 0.47±0.22 µm, and 0.69±0.13 µm in group 2; and 0.91±0.20 µm, 0.41±0.22 µm, and 0.56±0.12 µm in group 3. Compared to group 1, groups 2 and 3 had significantly less coma aberrations after LASIK (P =.03); the total high order aberration in group 3 was also significantly lower than in group 1 (P=. 04) after treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: In conventional LASIK treatment using the Alcon LADARVision 4000 platform, a larger surgical optical zone diameter significantly decreases higher order aberrations after LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:141-143.]
Visual Acuity and Corneal Topographic Changes Related With Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Yagmur Meltem , Özcan Altan A , Sari Suphi , Ersöz T Reha 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Applied pre- and postoperative corneal topography outcomes with visual acuities were evaluated to determine the surgical results in pterygium therapy.
METHODS: The study group consisted of 30 eyes of 26 patients with primary and recurrent pterygium. Mean patient age was 52.26±11.50 years (range: 27 to 68 years). Pre- and postoperative visual acuity and corneal topography were evaluated for each case. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated-measure test.
RESULTS: The mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.41±0.30 preoperatively and 0.63±0.26 postoperatively (P<.001). The mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 0.59±0.28 preoperatively and 0.84±0.22 postoperatively (P<.001). Surface regularity index ranged from 1.96±1.08 preoperatively to 1.09±0.76 postoperatively (P<.001). The mean surface asymmetry index was 3.05±2.85 preoperatively and 1.39±1.70 postoperatively (P=.003). The mean topographic astigmatism was 4.65±3.02 preoperatively and 2.33±2.26 postoperatively (P=.003).
CONCLUSIONS: Examination of the topographic records reveals pterygium-associated corneal flattening in the horizontal meridian along the line of the pterygium. The improvement in topographic pattern and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity can be used as one indicator of the success of pterygium surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:166-170.]
Racial Differences in Central Corneal Thickness and Refraction Among Refractive Surgery Candidates
Authors: Yo Christopher , Ariyasu Reginald G 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine the preoperative central corneal thickness and refractive status of Caucasians, Hispanics, Asians, and African Americans in a refractive surgery patient population.
METHODS: In a retrospective case series, a total of 803 consecutive eyes, which had no history of anterior segment surgery, underwent central corneal thickness and refraction measurement as part of a preoperative evaluation for refractive surgery from December 1999 to October 2002. Preoperative central corneal thickness was measured by a DGH-550 ultrasonic pachymeter, and spherical equivalence was determined by manifest refraction.
RESULTS: This study included Caucasian (34.4%), Hispanic (34.5%), Asian (20.7%), African American (8.9%), and other (1.5%) patients. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences in the central corneal thickness measurements among Asians, Hispanics, and Caucasians. However, mean central corneal thickness was 14 µm thinner in African Americans compared to Caucasians, and was significantly different at the 95% confidence interval. A one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the preoperative spherical equivalence among the four groups (F=4.91; df=3; P<.05) but no significant differences were noted in the preoperative astigmatism among any of the four groups (F=I. 08; df=3; P>.05). A significant difference was noted in age in the four preoperative groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Among the refractive population, African Americans were found to have thinner central corneal thickness than Caucasians. Asians were significantly (P<.05) more myopic compared to Caucasians, Hispanics, and African Americans. No difference was noted in the preoperative astigmatism among any of the four groups. Asians sought refractive surgery at a younger age whereas Caucasians sought it at an older age. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:194-197.]
Optical Quality and Depth-of-field of Eyes Implanted With Spherical and Aspheric Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Marcos Susana , Barbero Sergio , Jiménez-Alfaro Ignacio 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare experimental optical performance in eyes implanted with spherical and aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs).
METHODS: Corneal, total, and internal aberrations were measured in 19 eyes implanted with spherical (n=9) and aspheric (n=10) IOLs. Corneal aberrations were estimated by virtual ray tracing on corneal elevation maps, and total aberrations were measured using a second -generation laser ray tracing system. Corneal and total wave aberrations were fit to a Zernike polynomial expansion. Internal aberrations were measured by subtracting corneal from total wave aberrations. Optical performance was evaluated in terms of root-meansquare (RMS) wavefront error and Strehl ratio (estimated from the modulation transfer function). Depth-of-field was obtained from through-focus Strehl estimates from each individual eye.
RESULTS: Corneal aberrations increased after I OL implantation, particularly astigmatism and trefoil terms. Third and higher order RMS (and the corresponding Strehl ratio) were significantly better in eyes with aspheric IOLs than with spherical IOLs; however, this tendency was reversed when astigmatism was included. Spherical aberration was not significantly different in eyes with aspheric IOLs, whereas it was significantly positive in eyes with spherical IOLs. Third order aberrations were not significantly different across groups. Depth-of-field was significantly larger in eyes with spherical IOLs. Spherical IOLs showed better absolute optical quality in the presence of negative defocus > 1.00 D.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a good degree of compensation of the corneal spherical aberration in eyes implanted with aspheric IOLs, as opposed to eyes implanted with spherical IOLs. Other sources of optical degradation, both with aspheric and spherical IOLs, are non-symmetric preoperative corneal aberrations, incision-induced aberrations, and third order internal aberrations. Although best corrected optical quality is significantly better with aspheric IOLs, tolerance to defocus tended to be lower. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:223-235.]
Intracorneal Hydrogel Lenses and Corneal Aberrations
Authors: Alió Jorge L , Shabayek Mohamed Helmy , Montes-Mico Robert , Múlet M Emilia , Ahmed Ahmed Galal , Merayo Jesús 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the optical performance of the cornea based on corneal aberrometry following intracorneal hydrogel lens implantation.
METHODS: A retrospective, nonconsecutive, observational study of the anterior corneal surface aberration profile of four hyperopic eyes previously implanted with an intracorneal hydrogel lens were studied by videokeratographic elevation maps before and 6 months after surgery.
RESULTS: Intracorneal hydrogel lenses reduced the optical performance in all four eyes by increasing the spherical aberrations by a mean factor of 1.87 and 1.95, coma aberrations by a mean factor of 2.98 and 3.01, and total higher order aberrations by a mean factor of 2.6 and 2.17 at 3.0-mm and 6.5-mm pupils, respectively (P<.005).
CONCLUSIONS: Intracorneal hydrogel lenses decreased the optical performance of the cornea by significantly increasing spherical, coma, and total higher order aberrations. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:247-252.]
Effect of Refractive and Topographic Astigmatic Axis on LASIK Correction of Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Bragheeth Mohamed A , Dua Harminder S 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether agreement or disagreement between the axis of astigmatism as determined by refraction and corneal topography has any influence on the outcome of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) correction of astigmatism.
METHODS: Charts of 122 consecutive eyes of 75 patients (46 women and 29 men) who underwent uncomplicated, primary LASIK for myopic astigmatism were reviewed. The series was divided into two groups - group 1, "agreement" (77 eyes) with a difference between refractive and topographic axis of astigmatism =sl5°, and group 2, "disagreement" (45 eyes) with a difference >15°.
RESULTS: The mean difference in axis of astigmatism was 10°±17.20° (range: 0° to 86°), and 63.11% of eyes were within a 15° difference. A significant negative correlation was found between the percentage of corrected astigmatism and the degree of disagreement. The percentage of corrected astigmatism differed significantly between the two groups (P=. 002) with better results in group 1 (agreement).
CONCLUSIONS: Disagreement between refractive and topographic astigmatic axis is common. Approximately one third of eyes with astigmatism have >15° disagreement. Disagreement between refractive and topographic determination of the astigmatic axis can be considered a prognostic factor for LASIK correction of myopic astigmatism. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:269-275.]
Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty for Recurrent Granular Corneal Dystrophy After Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
Authors: Chen Wei , Qu Jia , Wang Qinmei , Lu Fan , Barabino Stefano 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of automated lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of recurrent granular corneal dystrophy after phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK).
METHODS: We performed a prospective interventional noncomparative case study of nine eyes (seven patients) with severe recurrent granular corneal dystrophy after PTK. An automated microkeratome was used to cut partial-thickness sections through the anterior surface of the donor and host corneas. The donor disc was placed on the recipient bed with four or eight interrupted sutures. The sutures were removed between 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Visual acuity, corneal clarity, corneal thickness, and corneal topography were assessed before and at different time points after surgery.
RESULTS: During a mean follow-up period of 18.9±4.1 months, all grafts were transparent without visible opacity at the interface, and no serious complications occurred. In all cases, the visual acuity improved: seven eyes had best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of >20/40; two eyes reached 20/25. At last follow-up >12 months postoperatively, the mean corneal refractive power had significantly increased by 2. 34 ±0.93 diopters (D) (P<.001), and the corneal astigmatism significantly decreased by 0.91±0.98 D (P<.05). The mean corneal thickness was 477.4 ±26.9 µm preoperatively and 507.8±23.4µm at last follow-up (P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that automated lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of recurrent granular corneal dystrophy is a safe and effective method of improving visual acuity, but recurrence remains a risk. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:288-293.]
Driving Force and Enabling Technology for Systems of the Future
Authors: Chen William 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Invited Session on HETEROGENEOUS INTEGRATION ROADMAP - Driving Force and Enabling Technology for Systems of the Future. Outline: Introduction and brief overview of the landscape; Heterogeneous Integration is the path forward; Heterogeneous Integration in the smartphone; Heterogeneous integration in high performance applications; Heterogeneous Integration Roadmap; and Summary.
5G Devices Test Strategies
Authors: Hurtarte Jeorge S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As 5G products begin its early production phase in 2019, several RF test insertion scenarios and test flows are being evaluated for the next phase of high volume production. For 5G millimeter wave products, over-the-air radiated tests present a new set of test challenges as compared to sub-6 GHz products. This presentation provides and overview of the possible test insertion scenarios for 5G RF devices, their intended fault coverage objectives and possible test strategies to address such.
Detection of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa by phenotypic and genotypic methods in a tertiary care hospital of East India
Authors: Verma Nishu , Prahraj Ashok , Mishra Baijayantimala , Behera Bijayini , Gupta Kavita 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious threat in hospital infection due to its multidrug resistance.
AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and detect the presence of carbapenemase enzymes in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) isolates by phenotypic and genotypic methods.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Double-disk synergy test [DDST] and combined disk synergy test [CDST]) was performed in CRPA isolates and the prevalence ofblaKPC,blaNDM-1,blaIMP,blaVIM,blaSIM,blaSPM,blaGIM, andblaOXA-48 was determined.
RESULTS: Of 559 isolates included in the study, a total of 102 isolates were resistant to carbapenem that accounted for overall 18.24% (102/559) prevalence. Of these 102 isolates, 89 (87.25%) isolates were positive by DDST and 95 (93.17%) isolates were positive by CDST. Of 102 CRPA isolates,blaVIM was detected in 30 isolates (30/102, 29.1%), followed byblaNDM-1 in 29 (29/102, 28.4%) isolates andblaSIM andblaGIM in 6 isolates each (6/102, 5.8%). A combination of two carbapenemase genes was detected in 12 isolates, with six (6/102, 5.88%) CRPA isolates harboring with bothblaVIM andblaNDM-1 genes. Four isolates were found to harbor a combination of three carbapenem-resistant genes.
CONCLUSION: A high rate of carbapenemase production was observed in P. aeruginosa. Coproducers of multiple carbapenemases are also a cause of concern. An in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms of resistance will be helpful in optimizing patient management and hospital infection control.
Von Meyenburg complex clinically presenting as metastatic liver nodule: A rare finding in an elderly male
Authors: Shirazi Nadia , Chauhan Neena V , Chandra Smita , Kumar Sunil Saini 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVon Meyenburg complex is a benign biliary hamartoma observed in approximately 3% of the autopsies conducted. These hamartomas are small, multiple and can be seen anywhere in the liver. There is usually no abnormality in liver function tests, and the patient is mostly asymptomatic. They serve as a diagnostic dilemma, particularly during metastatic workup in suspected cancer patients. Imaging studies are usually noncontributory, and biopsy is necessary for a definite diagnosis. We present here a middle-aged North Indian male who underwent liver biopsy to rule out metastasis.
Evolution of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in India
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Metgud Sharda C. , Roy Subarna , Purwar Shashank 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
CONTEXT: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in developing countries. On the basis of virulence and phenotypic characteristics, the DEC is categorized into multiple pathotypes. Each pathotype has different pathogenesis and geographical distribution. Thus, the proper management of disease relies on rapid and accurate identification of DEC pathotypes.
AIMS: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of DEC pathotypes in India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2008 and December 2012 at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belgaum (Karnataka), India. A total of 300 stool samples were collected from diarrhea patients with age >3 months. The DEC was identified by both conventional and molecular methods.
RESULTS: Of 300 samples, E. coli were detected in 198 (66%) and 170 (56.6%) samples by culture and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Among DEC (n = 198) isolates, eae gene (59.5%) was the most prevalent followed by stx (27.7%), east (27.2%), elt (12.6%), est (10.6%), ipaH (5.5%), and eagg (1.5%) genes. On the basis of virulence genes, enteropathogenic E. coli (33.8%) was the most common pathotype followed by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC, 23.2%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC, 13.6%), enteroinvasive E. coli (5.5%), enteroaggregative heat-stable enterotoxin 1-harboring E. coli (EAST1EC, 4.5%), STEC/ETEC (3.5%), STEC/enteroaggregative E. coli (STEC/EAEC, 1.0%), and EAEC (0.05%).
CONCLUSIONS: The hybrid DEC is potentially more virulent than basic pathotypes. The pathotyping should be included in clinical settings for the proper management of DEC-associated diarrhea.