bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genomics and antimicrobial resistance in Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Authors: Hennart Melanie , Panunzi Leonardo G. , Rodrigues Carla , Gaday Quentin , Baines Sarah L. , Barros-Pinkelnig Marina , Carmi-Leroy Annick , Dazas Melody , Wehenkel Anne Marie , Didelot Xavier , Toubiana Julie , Badell Edgar , Brisse Sylvain 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCorynebacterium diphtheriae, the agent of diphtheria, is a genetically diverse bacterial species. Although antimicrobial resistance has emerged against several drugs including first-line penicillin, the genomic determinants and population dynamics of resistance are largely unknown for this neglected human pathogen.MethodsHere, we analyzed the associations of antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes, diphtheria toxin production, and genomic features inC. diphtheriae. We used 247 strains collected over several decades in multiple world regions, including the 163 clinical isolates collected prospectively from 2008 to 2017 in France mainland and overseas territories.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed multiple deep-branching sublineages, grouped into a Mitis lineage strongly associated with diphtheria toxin production and a largely toxin gene-negative Gravis lineage with few toxin-producing isolates including the 1990s ex-Soviet Union outbreak strain. The distribution of susceptibility phenotypes allowed proposing ecological cutoffs for most of the 19 agents tested, thereby defining acquired antimicrobial resistance. Penicillin resistance was found in 17.2% of prospective isolates. Seventeen (10.4%) prospective isolates were multidrug-resistant (≥ 3 antimicrobial categories), including four isolates resistant to penicillin and macrolides. Homologous recombination was frequent (r/m = 5), and horizontal gene transfer contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in multiple sublineages. Genome-wide association mapping uncovered genetic factors of resistance, including an accessory penicillin-binding protein (PBP2m) located in diverse genomic contexts. Genepbp2mis widespread in otherCorynebacteriumspecies, and its expression inC. glutamicumdemonstrated its effect against several beta-lactams. A novel 73-kbC. diphtheriaemultiresistance plasmid was discovered.ConclusionsThis work uncovers the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance inC. diphtheriaein the context of phylogenetic structure, biovar, and diphtheria toxin production and provides a blueprint to analyze re-emerging diphtheria.
Obesity with radiological changes or depression was associated with worse knee outcome in general population: a cluster analysis in the Nagahama study
Authors:   on behalf of the Nagahama Study group, Nigoro Kazuya , Ito Hiromu , Kawata Tomotoshi , Nishitani Kohei , Tabara Yasuharu , Matsuda Fumihiko , Narumiya Shu , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
In knee osteoarthritis (OA), pain is the most frequent and dominant symptom. However, which factors other than radiological changes contribute to the symptoms is unresolved. The aims of this study were to identify factors affecting knee pain from various variables with radiological changes taken into count and exploratively examine what subgroups or phenotype could be identified by cluster analysis using the identified knee pain factors.

Methods
Patients 60 years or older who underwent radiographic evaluation were included in this cross-sectional study, and those subjects who completed a questionnaire about knee symptoms without missing data were eligible for analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations between selected variables and The Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM) pain score. We grouped the subjects by cluster analysis using identified variables.

Results
Two thousand five hundred forty-two subjects were included in the full set of analyses. Age, body mass index (BMI), radiological grade, bone mineral density (BMD), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) showed a statistically significant correlation with radiological showing the strongest value. For dichotomous variable, presence of depression showed a statistically significant result. We used BMI, radiological grade, BMD, hs-CRP, and presence of depression as a variable for cluster analysis and identified six subgroups: (1) minimal joint disease subgroup, (2) male and high BMD subgroup, (3) high CRP subgroup, (4) severe radiological OA subgroup, (5) depressive subgroup, and (6) moderate radiological OA with high BMI subgroup, showing the worst knee outcome.

Conclusion
This study identified the factors affecting knee pain other than radiological changes and identified six subgroups of knee outcome in the general population. The results showed that obesity with radiological changes or depression was associated with worse knee outcome.
Effects of preoperative low-intensity training with slow movement on early quadriceps weakness after total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective propensity score-matched study
Authors: Kubo Yusuke , Sugiyama Shuhei , Takachu Rie , Sugiura Takeshi , Sawada Masahiro , Kobori Kaori , Kobori Makoto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Severe and early quadriceps weakness (QW) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which is caused by acute inflammation resulting from surgical trauma and tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, can be especially problematic. We focused on tourniquet-induced IR injury, because it has been shown to be preventable through ischemic and exercise preconditioning. Low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation (LST) share some similarities with ischemic and exercise preconditioning. The present study primarily aimed to clarify the efficacy of preoperative LST program as prehabilitation for early QW among patients with TKA using propensity score matching analysis.

Methods
This single-center retrospective observational study used data from patients with knee osteoarthritis (n = 277) who were scheduled to undergo unilateral TKA between August 2015 and January 2017. Those with missing outcome data due to their inability to perform tests were excluded. The LST group included participants who performed LST and aerobic exercise (LST session) more than seven times for three months prior to surgery. The control group included participants who performed less than eight LST sessions, a general and light exercise or had no exercise for three months prior to surgery. Knee circumference, thigh volume, knee pain during quadriceps strength test (QST) and timed up and go test (TUG), quadriceps strength, and TUG were measured before and 4 days after surgery. Knee swelling, thigh swelling, Δknee pain, QW, and ΔTUG were determined by comparing pre- and postoperative measurements.

Results
Propensity score matching generated 41 matched pairs who had nearly balanced characteristics. The LST group had a significantly lower knee and thigh swelling, QW, and ΔTUG compared to the control group (all, p < 0.05). No significant differences in Δknee pain during the QST and TUG were observed between both groups (both, p > 0.05).

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated the beneficial effects of preoperative LST program on knee swelling, thigh swelling, QW, and walking disability immediately after TKA.
Peer review practices by medical imaging journals
Authors: Kwee Thomas C. , Adams Hugo J. A. , Kwee Robert M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
To investigate peer review practices by medical imaging journals.

Methods
Journals in the category "radiology, nuclear medicine and medical imaging" of the 2018 Journal Citation Reports were included.

Results
Of 119 included journals, 62 (52.1%) used single-blinded peer review, 49 (41.2%) used double-blinded peer review, two (1.7%) used open peer review and one (0.8%) used both single-blinded and double-blinded peer reviews, while the peer review model of five journals (4.2%) remained unclear. The use of single-blinded peer review was significantly associated with a journal’s impact factor (correlation coefficient of 0.218, P = 0.022). On subgroup analysis, only subspecialty medical imaging journals had a significant association between the use of single-blinded peer review and a journal’s impact factor (correlation coefficient of 0.354, P = 0.025). Forty-eight journals (40.3%) had a reviewer preference option, 48 journals (40.3%) did not have a reviewer recommendation option, and 23 journals (19.3%) obliged authors to indicate reviewers on their manuscript submission systems. Sixty-four journals (53.8%) did not provide an explicit option on their manuscript submission Web site to indicate nonpreferred reviewers, whereas 55 (46.2%) did. There were no significant associations between the option or obligation to indicate preferred or nonpreferred reviewers and a journal’s impact factor.

Conclusion
Single-blinded peer review and the option or obligation to indicate preferred or nonpreferred reviewers are frequently employed by medical imaging journals. Single-blinded review is (weakly) associated with a higher impact factor, also for subspecialty journals. The option or obligation to indicate preferred or nonpreferred reviewers is evenly distributed among journals, regardless of impact factor.
Exosomes from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate histone-induced acute lung injury by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in endothelial cells
Authors: Mizuta Yukie , Akahoshi Tomohiko , Guo Jie , Zhang Shuo , Narahara Sayoko , Kawano Takahito , Murata Masaharu , Tokuda Kentaro , Eto Masatoshi , Hashizume Makoto , Yamaura Ken 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), have been shown to attenuate organ damage in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential roles and molecular mechanisms of action of ADSCs in histone-induced endothelial damage.MethodsMale C57BL/6 N mice were intravenously injected with ADSCs, followed by histones or a vehicle. The mice in each group were assessed for survival, pulmonary vascular permeability, and histological changes. A co-culture model with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to histones was used to clarify the paracrine effect of ADSCs. Overexpression and inhibition of miR-126 ADSCs were also examined as causative factors for endothelial protection.ResultsThe administration of ADSCs markedly improved survival, inhibited histone-mediated lung hemorrhage and edema, and attenuated vascular hyper-permeability in mice. ADSCs were engrafted in the injured lung and attenuated histone-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. ADSCs showed endothelial protection (via a paracrine effect) and Akt phosphorylation in the histone-exposed HUVECs. Notably, increased Akt phosphorylation by ADSCs was mostly mediated by exosomes in histone-induced cytotoxicity and lung damage. Moreover, the expression of miR-126 was increased in exosomes from histone-exposed ADSCs. Remarkably, the inhibition of miR-126 in ADSCs failed to increase Akt phosphorylation in histone-exposed HUVECs.ConclusionADSC-derived exosomes may exert protective effects on endothelial cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Potentiation of cord blood cell therapy with erythropoietin for children with CP: a 2 × 2 factorial randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Min Kyunghoon , Suh Mi Ri , Cho Kye Hee , Park Wookyung , Kang Myung Seo , Jang Su Jin , Kim Sang Heum , Rhie Seonkyeong , Choi Jee In , Kim Hyun-Jin , Cha Kwang Yul , Kim MinYoung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Concomitant administration of allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCB) infusion and erythropoietin (EPO) showed therapeutic efficacy in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, no clinical studies have investigated the effects of UCB and EPO combination therapy using a 2 × 2 four-arm factorial blinded design with four arms. This randomized placebo-controlled trial aimed to identify the synergistic and individual efficacies of UCB cell and EPO for the treatment of CP.

Methods
Children diagnosed with CP were randomly segregated into four groups: (A) UCB+EPO, (B) UCB+placebo EPO, (C) placebo UCB+EPO, and (D) placebo UCB+placebo EPO. Based on the UCB unit selection criteria of matching for ≥ 4/6 of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, and DRB1 and total nucleated cell (TNC) number of ≥ 3 × 107/kg, allogeneic UCB was intravenously infused and 500 IU/kg human recombinant EPO was administered six times. Functional measurements, brain imaging studies, and electroencephalography were performed from baseline until 12 months post-treatment. Furthermore, adverse events were closely monitored.

Results
Eighty-eight of 92 children enrolled (3.05 ± 1.22 years) completed the study. Change in gross motor performance measure (GMPM) was greater in group A than in group D at 1 month (△2.30 vs. △0.71, P = 0.025) and 12 months (△6.85 vs. △2.34, P = 0.018) post-treatment. GMPM change ratios were calculated to adjust motor function at the baseline. Group A showed a larger improvement in the GMPM change ratio at 1 month and 12 months post-treatment than group D. At 12 months post-treatment, the GMPM change ratios were in the order of groups A, B, C, and D. These results indicate synergistic effect of UCB and EPO combination better than each single therapy. In diffusion tensor imaging, the change ratio of fractional anisotropy at spinothalamic radiation was higher in group A than group D in subgroup of age ≥ 3 years. Additionally, higher TNC and more HLA-matched UCB units led to better gross motor outcomes in group A. Adverse events remained unchanged upon UCB or EPO administration.

Conclusions
These results indicate that the efficacy of allogeneic UCB cell could be potentiated by EPO for neurological recovery in children with CP without harmful effects.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01991145, registered 25 November 2013.
Enhanced PRL-1 expression in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerates hepatic function via mitochondrial dynamics in a cirrhotic rat model
Authors: Kim Jae Yeon , Choi Jong Ho , Jun Ji Hye , Park Sohae , Jung Jieun , Bae Si Hyun , Kim Gi Jin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) have been highlighted as an alternative cell therapy agent that has become a next-generation stem cell treatment. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1), an immediate early gene, plays a critical role during liver regeneration. Here, we generated enhanced PRL-1 in PD-MSCs (PD-MSCsPRL-1, PRL-1+) using lentiviral and nonviral gene delivery systems and investigated mitochondrial functions by PD-MSCPRL-1 transplantation for hepatic functions in a rat bile duct ligation (BDL) model.

Methods
PD-MSCsPRL-1 were generated by lentiviral and nonviral AMAXA gene delivery systems and analyzed for their characteristics and mitochondrial metabolic functions. Liver cirrhosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using common BDL for 10 days. PKH67+ naïve and PD-MSCsPRL-1 using a nonviral sysyem (2 × 106 cells/animal) were intravenously administered into cirrhotic rats. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 weeks after transplantation and engraftment of stem cells, and histopathological analysis and hepatic mitochondrial functions were performed.

Results
PD-MSCsPRL-1 were successfully generated using lentiviral and nonviral AMAXA systems and maintained characteristics similar to those of naïve cells. Compared with naïve cells, PD-MSCsPRL-1 improved respirational metabolic states of mitochondria. In particular, mitochondria in PD-MSCsPRL-1 generated by the nonviral AMAXA system showed a significant increase in the respirational metabolic state, including ATP production and mitochondrial biogenesis (*p < 0.05). Furthermore, transplantation of PD-MSCsPRL-1 using a nonviral AMAXA system promoted engraftment into injured target liver tissues of a rat BDL cirrhotic model and enhanced the metabolism of mitochondria via increased mtDNA and ATP production, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy.

Conclusions
Our findings will further our understanding of the therapeutic mechanism of enhanced MSCs and provide useful data for the development of next-generation MSC-based cell therapy and therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine in liver disease.
Research on wireless distributed financial risk data stream mining based on dual privacy protection
Authors: Zhao Yuhao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the advancement of network technology and large-scale computing, distributed data streams have been widely used in the application of financial risk analysis. However, while data mining reveals financial models, it also increasingly poses a threat to privacy. Therefore, how to prevent privacy leakage during the efficient mining process poses new challenges to the data mining technology. This article is mainly aimed at the current privacy data leakage in financial data mining, combined with existing data mining technology to study data mining and privacy protection. First, a data mining model for dual privacy protection is defined, which can better meet the characteristics of distributed data streams while achieving privacy protection effects. Secondly, a privacy-oriented data stream mining algorithm is proposed, which uses random interference technology to effectively protect the original sensitive data. Finally, the analysis and discussion of the algorithm in this paper through simulation experiments show that the algorithm is feasible and effective, and can better adapt to the distributed data flow distribution and dynamic characteristics, while achieving better privacy protection effects, effectively reduced communication load.
A note on generalized q-difference equations for general Al-Salam–Carlitz polynomials
Authors: Cao Jian , Xu Binbin , Arjika Sama 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we deduce the generalizedq-difference equations for general Al-Salam–Carlitz polynomials and generalize Arjika’s recent results (Arjika in J. Differ. Equ. Appl. 26:987–999, 2020). In addition, we obtain transformational identities by the method ofq-difference equation. Moreover, we deduce$U(n+1)$U(n+1)type generating functions and Ramanujan’s integrals involving general Al-Salam–Carlitz polynomials byq-difference equation.
Determinants of stunting among children under 2 years in urban informal settlements in Mumbai, India: evidence from a household census
Authors: Das Sushmita , Chanani Sheila , Shah More Neena , Osrin David , Pantvaidya Shanti , Jayaraman Anuja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence on the determinants of childhood stunting across urban India or specifically in slum settlements. This study aims to assess the extent of stunting among children under 2 years of age and examine its determinants in informal settlements of Mumbai.MethodsData were collected in 2014–2015 in a post intervention census of a cluster randomized controlled trial to improve the health of women and children. Census covered 40 slum settlements of around 600 households each. A total of 3578 children were included in the study. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with stunting.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting among children aged 0–23 months was 38%. In the adjusted model, higher maternal education (AOR 0.59; 95% CI 0.42, 0.82), birth interval of at least 2 years (AOR 0.71; 95% CI 0.58, 0.87) and intended conception of the child (AOR 0.80; 95% CI 0.64, 0.99) were associated with lower odds of stunting. Maternal exposure to physical violence (AOR 1.83; 95% CI 1.21, 2.77) was associated with higher odds of being stunted. A child aged 18–23 months had 5.04 times greater odds (95% CI 3.91, 6.5) of being stunted than a child less than 6 months of age. Male child had higher odds of being stunted (AOR 1.33; 95% CI 1.14, 1.54).ConclusionsOur findings support a multidimensional aetiology for stunting. The results of the study emphasize the importance of women’s status and decision-making power in urban India, along with access to and uptake of family planning and services to provide support for survivors of domestic violence. Ultimately, a multilateral effort is needed to ensure the success of nutrition-specific interventions by focusing on the underlying health and social status of women living in urban slums.Trial registrationISRCTN Register:ISRCTN56183183, and Clinical Trials Registry of India: CTRI/2012/09/003004
Determinants of high-risk fertility behavior among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia using the recent Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Tamirat Koku Sisay 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
High-risk fertility behavior is associated with numerous unfavorable child and maternal health outcomes such as chronic undernutrition, anemia, and child mortality. As far as our knowledge goes, there is not much study on determinants of high-risk fertility behavior in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess determinants of high-risk fertility behavior among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.

Method
The study was based on secondary data analysis from the 2016 Ethiopia Demography and Health Survey. A total of 11,022 women who gave birth 5 years preceding the survey were included in this study. Kid’s Record (KR) dataset was used. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for those variables included in the multilevel logistic regression model. P value ≤ 0.05 was employed to declare the statistically significant variables.

Results
More than three-fourths (76.9%) of (95% CI 76.11 to 77.69) reproductive-age women had at least one high-risk fertility behavior. Attended primary and secondary education adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.63, 0.80 and AOR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.60, 0.89, respectively), never used contraceptive (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.12, 1.40), unwanted pregnancies (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.23, 1.59), had no ANC visit (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.05, 1.35), rural-dwelling (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.04, 1.51), regions of Ethiopia [Somalia (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.24, 2.32) and Amhara (AOR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.53, 0.96)] were determinants of high-risk fertility behavior.

Conclusion
Education, rural residence, unwanted pregnancies, no antenatal care follow-up, and never used contraceptives were determinants of high-risk fertility behavior. Therefore, increased maternal health services, special intervention for hotspot areas, and giving special attention to rural dweller women were highly recommended.