bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Cement Evaluation Technology Enables Successful Casing Retrieval and Well Abandonment: A Case Study from Southeast Asia
Authors: Kamgang Sebastien , bin Haji Mohamad Yakup Mohamad Azwan , Hanif Amer , Obiri Yomi , Das Saikat 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A common operation performed in oilfields is that of plug and abandonment (P&A) whereby a well is permanently closed at the end of its economic life. The regulatory requirements for this operation may vary between countries, however, it is imperative to establish that there is no potential for uncontrolled fluid flow to surface and freshwater aquifers are hydraulically isolated in the wellbore. This entails an accurate assessment of casing and cement integrity including an unambiguous determination of the top of cement (TOC). Towards the end of the plugging operation, a cut is placed above TOC, and the casing is retrieved from the well.
There are several challenges associated with cement evaluation in old wells. The well may have gas or gasified fluid in the wellbore, depleted formations making it difficult or impossible to fill the wellbore with liquid prior to cement evaluation logging, casing damage or open perforations may preclude application of pressure to differentiate free pipe from micro-annulus conditions and records on cement and operations history may be sparse. Drilling muds are often weighted using barite or other weighting materials. With an incomplete removal of mud, during well completion, these heavy materials sag, settle and solidify, behind casing, over the life of the well. An often-encountered consequence of solidified mud is to shift casing free-point to a depth well above TOC. Traditional cement evaluation tools find it difficult to identify this condition leading to unsuccessful casing cut and retrieval attempts, and associated time and cost overruns.
A new cement logging technique uses electro-magnetic transducers and multiple wave modes to overcome operational and evaluation challenges met in P&A operations. We will present a case study, from Southeast Asia, where the operator was concerned about risks associated with solids sag, above cement, in a 60 years old well. The new service provided accurate cement evaluation across depleted reservoir sections and over intervals with micro-annulus condition. Top of cement was clearly differentiated from the top of solid mud behind casing. A free-point depth was selected and casing was cut and pulled in first attempt. Operator estimated an overall saving of two days in rig time.
Interpretation of Enhanced Fecal and Urinary Plutonium Excretions Under a 2-year Regular DTPA Treatment Started Months after Intake: A Case Report.
Authors: GREMY Olivier , BLANCHIN Nicolas , MICCOLI Laurent 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Internal contamination with plutonium is a potential hazard for workers handling this alpha-emitting transuranic element. The only medical approach available for reducing potential health effects is to promote plutonium excretion by chelation therapy with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Because of its poor distribution in plutonium retention tissues, DTPA should be initiated as early as possible after contamination to achieve maximum chelation when plutonium is still circulating. Treatment efficacy is usually evaluated by measuring the alpha activity in urine collected in the first 24 hours following DTPA administration as it is widely assumed that plutonium-DTPA complexes are very predominantly cleared within 24 hours.Case presentation: In a worker who had internalized plutonium-238 most likely through inhalation of a soluble compound, an extensive DTPA treatment regimen was initiated several months after contamination. Numerous radiotoxicological analyses were performed in both fecal and urinary specimens collected sometimes for three days after DTPA administration.Conclusions: Activity measurements showed the continued effectiveness of DTPA intravenous infusions in removing plutonium from tissues of retention even if the treatment regimen started several months after contamination. In the present case, the activity excreted through urine in the first 24 hours after a given DTPA administration was only about half of the total urinary plutonium excretion collected over three consecutive days. In addition, the careful study of the data revealed that DTPA-induced excretion of plutonium via fecal pathway significantly contributed to the overall decorporation. The intracellular chelation of plutonium which may be responsible for this enhanced excretion of activity in feces as well as for the delayed and sustained increased clearance of activity in urine. The authors would suggest that the occupational physicians offer to individuals who internalized plutonium compounds somewhat soluble to undergo a chronic DTPA treatment, especially when it is not initiated promptly after intake. Under this scenario, regular measurements of plutonium in successive urine and fecal collections after treatment should be required to get a better estimate of the therapeutic benefit. Also, intracellular chelation and fecal route should be taken into account for better interpretation of radiotoxicological data and modeling of plutonium kinetic under DTPA treatment.
Salvianolic Acid B Protects Against Myocardial Ischemic Injury Through Inhibiting Apoptosis and Promoting Autophagy
Authors: Lin Chao , Chen Qi , Peng Linxiu , Wu Xiao , Li Yongming , Wang Junyi , Bian Huimin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aim of the study: Salvianolic acid B(Sal B) as a natural compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been extensively used to protect cardiomyocytes from myocardial ischemia. Although Sal B has shown evident effects on cardiovascular diseases, the detailed mechanism is still unclear as yet. Herein, we intended to explorethe protective effects of Sal B on myocardial ischemic injury and the underlying mechanism. Methods and Results: Western blotting, immunofluorescence assay, flow cytometry and lentiviral transfection were performed. The mice with myocardial ischemic injury were intravenously given 10 mg/kg Sal B once daily for seven days, and then H9c2 cells were treated with Sal B (20, 40, 80 μmol/L). Sal B treatment protected cardiomyocytes from myocardial ischemia through relieving apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy exhibited that Sal B significantly increased autophagic lysosomes and vacuoles in H9c2 cells. Administration with Sal B significantly up-regulated the expressions of autophagy-related factors such as LC3, Atg5 and Beclin 1 in H9c2 cells and myocardial tissues. The beneficial autophagic changes induced by Sal B were abrogated through pharmacological inhibition. Conclusions: This study provides a molecular mechanism by which Sal B potently inhibits apoptosis and oxidative stress upon myocardial ischemia by activating the AMPK-autophagy pathway. Sal B is a potential agent for treating myocardial ischemia.
Prevalence and Phenotypic Impact of Rare Likely Pathogenic Variants in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mahjani Behrang , Rubeis Silvia De , Mahjani Christina Gustavsson , Mulhern Maureen , Xu Xinyi , Klei Lambertus , Satterstrom F. Kyle , Fu Jack , Talkowski Michael E. , Reichenberg Abraham , Sandin Sven , Hultman Christina M. , Grice Dorothy E. , Roeder Kathryn , Devlin Bernie , Buxbaum Joseph D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Copy number variants (CNVs) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are sources of risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The distribution of such pathogenic variants in individuals with ASD and the characterization of those who carry such variants versus those who do not are understudied at the population level. We describe a population sample from Sweden, evaluating the distribution of likely pathogenic variants and their impact on medical, neurological, and psychiatric phenotypes.Methods: The genotyped sample consisted of 1,236 children born in Sweden with autistic disorder, a severe form of ASD (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, code F84.0.) Of these individuals, CNVs were called from 997, while SNVs were called from 808. Results: Out of 997 individuals from whom CNVs were called, 104 (10.4 %) carried one or more likely pathogenic CNV, including 15q11q13 (n=8), 15q13.3 (n=5), 16p13.11 (n=5), 16p11.11 (n=5), 22q11.2 (n=5). Of 808 individuals assessed by whole-exome sequencing, 69 (8.5%) had a likely pathogenic SNV, including in GRIN2B (n = 6), POGZ (n = 5), SATB1 (n=4), DYNC1H1 (n=4), and CREBBP (n=3). Fourteen individuals carried two likely pathogenic CNVs, and 5 carried a likely pathogenic CNV and SNV. Carriers of likely pathogenic CNVs or SNVs were more likely to have intellectual disability (ID), scholastic skill disorders, and epilepsy, with odds ratios of 2.31 (95%CI, 1.55,3.47), 1.98 (95%CI, 1.19,3.21), and 1.63 (95%CI, 1.08,2.44) respectively. Carriers of likely pathogenic CNVs also showed significant increased rates of congenital anomalies. We compared rates of likely pathogenic CNVs, SNVs, and phenotypes from genotyped AD subjects with and without ID: rates were not significantly different between groups. Limitations: As a case-control cohort, we did not have de novo information to aid in classification. More broadly, there were judgment calls involved in identifying likely pathogenic variants. For these reasons, some misclassification is possible. In addition, phenotypes are defined from medical registers, which may lead to underestimates of milder findings.Conclusions: People with ASD who carry likely pathogenic CNVs or SNVs show increased rates of various comorbidities, most prominently ID. Despite the strong association with ID, conditioning on its presence explains little of the variation for other comorbidities and physical traits.
Determination of cyclic filling length in gob-side entry retained with roadside filling and its application
Authors: Zhang Zizheng , Bai Jianbiao , Yu Xianyang , Yu Weijian , Deng Min , Xin Jinlin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gob-side entry retained with roadside filling (GER-RF) plays a key role in achieving coal mining without pillar and improving the coal resource recovery rate. Since there are few reports on the cyclic filling length of GER-RF, a method based on the stress difference method is proposed to determine the cyclic filling length of GER-RF. Firstly, a stability analysis mechanics model of the immediate roof above roadside filling area in GER was established, then the relationship between the roof stress distribution and the unsupported roof length was obtained by the stress difference method. According to the roof stability above roadside filling area based on the relationship between the roof stress and its tensile strength, the maximum unsupported roof length and rational cyclic filling length of GER-RF. Combined with the geological conditions of the 1103 thin coal seam working face of Heilong Coal Mine and the geological conditions of the 1301 thick coal seam working face of Licun Coal Mine, this suggested method was applied to determine that the rational cyclic filling lengths of GER-RF were 2.4 m and 3.2 m, respectively. Field trial tests show that the suggested method can effectively control the surrounding rock deformation along with rational road-in support and roadside support, and improve the filling and construction speed.
MiR-210 has the capacity to serve as a diagnostic biomarker for laryngeal carcinoma patient
Authors: Wang Lili , Song Hongguang , Yang Shiming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

Early diagnosis represents a great challenge for laryngeal carcinoma patients. MiR-210 is involved in various human cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of serum miR-210 in laryngeal carcinoma.
Methods

In our study, qRT-PCR was performed to determine the serum miR-210 level in 137 laryngeal carcinoma patients and 79 healthy volunteers. The association of serum miR-210 level with clinical characteristics of the patients was estimated by chi-square test. ROC analysis was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-210 in laryngeal carcinoma.
Results

Serum miR-210 level was higher in laryngeal carcinoma patients than that in healthy group (P < 0.001). Moreover, its elevated expression was positively associated with TNM stage (P = 0.000) and distant metastasis (P = 0.001). The AUC value of the ROC curve was 0.893, suggesting the possibility of serum miR-210 as a diagnostic biomarker for the disease. The cut-off value was 4.685, with the sensitivity of 83.2% and the specificity of 84.8%.
Conclusion

MiR-210 serves as an oncogene in progression of laryngeal carcinoma. Serum miR-210 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for laryngeal carcinoma.
WITHDRAWN: PLK1&nbsp;is a Potential Prognostic Factor Associated With the Tumor Microenvironment During Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression
Authors: Huang Zhehao , Li Xianglan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for more than 40% of lung cancer cases worldwide, and the 5-year survival rate of LUAD patients is less than 10% due to a lack of reliable therapeutics. Here, we sought to identify a new therapeutic target for LUAD via bioinformatics analysis.Methods: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was conducted for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in 551 samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and the CIBERSORT method were performed to estimate the expression profile of biological pathways and the population of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in the TCGA dataset. DEGs were further analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cox regression analyses, followed by RT-PCR and western blotting for confirmation. Results: Cell cycle was the only shared pathway identified by the KEGG and GSVA interaction analyses. Cell cycle score was positively associated with clinical characteristics (age, clinical stage, and metastasis) and negatively associated with overall survival in LUAD patients. PPI and Cox analyses identified PLK1 as a prognostic factor, which was positively correlated with clinical stage and negatively correlated with overall survival in LUAD patients. CIBERSORT analysis indicated that PLK1 expression was significantly positively correlated with CD8+ and activated memory CD4+ T cells, and negatively correlated with activated natural killer cells. Additionally, PLK1 overexpression resulted in increased immune cytotoxic metrics, such as cytolytic activity score, IFN-γ score, and IFN-γ level.Conclusions: PLK1 may be useful for survival estimation in LUAD patients due to its strong correlation with features of TICs in the tumor immune microenvironment.
“It’s A Steeper Hill for Women to Climb!”: An Intersectional Gender Analysis of Familial and Socio-Cultural Drivers of Inequitable Scientific Career Progression of Researchers in the Context of the DELTAS Africa Initiative
Authors: Liani Millicent L. , Nyamongo Isaac K. , Pulford Justin , Tolhurst Rachel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study sought to illuminate familial and socio-cultural drivers that contribute to intersectional gender inequities in scientific career progression in Sub-saharan Africa (SSA) by drawing on lived experiences of women and men researchers. The findings are drawn from a wider research study that was aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of the barriers and enablers of gender equitable scientific career progression for researchers in SSA. This was nested within the context of ‘Developing Excellence in Leadership, Training and Science in Africa’ (DELTAS Africa) – a health-based scientific research capacity strengthening initiative. Methods: The study adopted an exploratory qualitative cross-sectional study design. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifty-eight (32 Female and 26 Male) trainees/research fellows at various career stages, supported and/or affiliated to three purposively selected African Research Consortia. The interviews were conducted between May and December 2018 in English. The data was analysed inductively based on emergent themes.Results: Four themes were identified. First: characterisation of the normative career pathway and progression requirements. Second: social power relations of gender within the family and wider society. Third: researchers’ experiences of navigating between the ‘two different lives’, and the resultant implications for their career progression and personal well-being. Fourth, potential strategies utilised by women for navigating the ‘two different lives’ and their impacts. Conclusions: This study offers important policy and practice measures and approaches for fostering equitable scientific research career progression for women and men within research capacity strengthening initiatives in SSA. These includes the need for: reforms in institutional human resources policies and systems; a more fundamental re-think of the normative scientific career structure to create equitable opportunities, improving diversity and well-being of both female and male researchers; additional support and potential adjustments to expectations for language minorities in science; and embracing gender transformative approaches in science.
The Association Between Diarrheal Morbidity and ODF Status Among Under Five Children in Southeast, Ethiopia
Authors: Megersa Sintayehu , Benti Tomas , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Abegaz Kedir Hussien , Birhanu Endalkachew 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Diarrheal disease remains one of the leading killers of children around the world. Most cases of diarrhea spread in settings with poor hygiene and lack of access to clean drinking water and sanitation. In Ethiopia, diarrheal disease is more common and kills almost fifteen thousand under-five children in year 2016. Therefore, this study determined diarrheal morbidity among under five children and its association with open defecation free status.Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 732 households that had at least one under-five children. Multistage sampling technique was used to select households. Informed verbal consent was obtained from study participant. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diarrheal morbidity among under five children. Odd ratios with 95% confidence interval were reported and p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistical significance. Results: A total of 709 mothers or caregivers of under-five children were interviewed making the response rate 97%. The past two-week diarrhea morbidity in the study area was 20.2%. Multivariable analysis showed that unsanitary disposal of children`s feces (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]= 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66, 4.30), exclusive breast feeding (AOR=0.43 [0.26, 0.71), mother not attend formal education (AOR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.18, 3.15) and child age (AOR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.04. 3.57) were significantly associated with diarrheal disease. Conversely, there is no association between open defecation free status and childhood diarrhea among under-five children (AOR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.44).Conclusions: The prevalence of diarrhea was slightly higher among children from non-open defecation free households when compared to children living in open defecation free households. However, open defecation free status was not significantly associated with diarrhea morbidity during multivariable logistic analysis.
Alginate-amphothericin B Nanocomplexes Covered by Nanocrystals From Bacterial Cellulose: Physico-chemical Characterization and in Vitro Toxicity
Authors: Soeiro Victória Soares , Silva-Carvalho Ricardo , Martins Daniela , Parpot Pier , Grotto Denise , Chaud Marco Vinicius , Gama Francisco Miguel Portela da , Jozala Angela F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Nanostructured systems free of surfactants have pharmacotechnical and biopharmaceutical advantages, in addition to being a green process. Amphotericin B (AmB) is a drug with anti-leishmanial and anti-fungal potential, but its low water solubility and permeability limit its therapeutic use. Therefore, it could profit from being incorporated into nanostructured systems. In the present study, a self-assembled nanocomplex of alginate (Alg), a polysaccharide extracted from natural sources that can be used in the pharmaceutical area, with AmB was produced in order to improve the limited therapeutic use of this drug (Alg-AmB). Further, as a reinforcing component, cellulose nanocrystals (NCC) were ionically adsorbed into the surface of the nanocomplex systems (Alg-AmB + NCC). Results: Despite some polydispersity (0.523 ± 0.073), this straightforward process allowed to obtain water soluble particles with a hydrodynamic size of 258.87 ± 10.41 nm and charge of -62.93 ± 2.02 mV. Furthermore, the ionic adsorption of the NCC into the Alg-AmB nanocomplex surface was confirmed by an increase in the particle size (466.3 ± 17.57 nm) and a small surface charge decrease (-55.75 ± 1.23 mV). The amorphous inclusion complex of AmB into the polysaccharide chain network in both formulations was confirmed by DSC and FTIR. AmB in the nanocomplexes was in supper-aggregated form and showed good biocompatibility, being significantly less cytotoxic in vitro against kidney cells and significantly less hemolytic comparatively to the free-drug. Conclusions: The results were indicated the Alg-AmB nanocomplex can be considered an economical, non-toxic alternative to improve the AmB therapeutic effect. Furthermore, NCC coating of the nanocomplexes brought additional protection to the system without compromised the advantages attributed to the developed formulation.
An Evaluation of Public Opinion on Quality of Pharmaceutical Products Marketed in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Authors: Nwankwo Ezinne Janefrances , Oli Angus Nnamdi , Umeyor Chukwuebuka Emmanuel , Ogwaluonye Uchenna Chukwunonso , Umeh Ugochukwu Stanley 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmaceutical products are subject to rigorous quality assurance checks in order to ensure that drug products are of required quality, are safe and have good efficacy. However, the emergence of substandard drug products have largely impacted both the health and perception of the public towards drug use. This work aims to identify those trends in public opinion among both prescribers and end-users within Anambra State, Nigeria. METHOD This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 2019. Data collection was quantitative using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire to four hundred participants, comprising of medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists and end-users. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Statistical significance was set at 5 percent (p<0.05). Ethical approval was obtained from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Ethics and Advisory Committee RESULTS Majority (57.9 %) of the respondents think that the drugs marketed in Anambra state are somewhat effective. About a quarter (23.5 %) of the respondents had no idea of what to look out for when checking substandard drugs. About two-third (65.4 %) of our participants had used substandard drugs at least once in the past two years, out of which 51.1 % of them chose to discard the drugs whenever in their possession, 32.3 % of them returns the drugs to the outlets from where they were purchased, while only 16.5 % reports the drugs to the regulatory authority. 42.1 % of the medical doctors and nurses had no knowledge about the storage conditions of magnesium sulphate injection and 57.1 % of them affirmed that there was no available means of documenting ineffective or substandard drugs in their facilities. CONCLUSION This study brings to light the possible contributions of poor-quality medicines. A high percentage of the respondents had no idea of what to look out for while checking for substandard medicinal product. More campaigns against fake/ substandard drugs should be carried out at intervals.