bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audit of advertised housing and support vacancies for people with disabilities in Australia
Authors: Callaway Libby , Tregloan Kate , Moore Lewis , Bould Em 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe introduction of Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) has changed the way housing and support are delivered to Scheme participants. NDIS policy reform focuses on coordinated housing and support responses. These responses are guided by the Specialist Disability Accommodation (SDA) Rule, Framework and pricing and Supported Independent Living payments. To date, the National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA) has only released limited data to understand SDA demand or inform market development. To understand changing housing and support approaches and the impact of NDIS housing policy on market responses, this research had three aims: (1) to examine the locations and characteristics of housing and support vacancies advertised for people with disability; (2) to investigate funding sources for, and providers of, these supported housing options; and (3) to examine the proportion and source of government, nonprofit and private sector funding for housing and support developments advertised. An audit was undertaken of all advertisements on the two main non‐government organisation Websites that list Australian supported housing vacancies. A total of 562 property adverts were reviewed in March 2019. Audit findings are considered in relation to the current NDIS policy context. Possible housing futures and market gaps for people with significant and permanent disability in Australia are discussed.
Difficulty and help with activities of daily living among older adults living alone with cognitive impairment
Authors: Edwards Ryan D. , Brenowitz Willa D. , Portacolone Elena , Covinsky Ken E. , Bindman Andrew , Glymour M. Maria , Torres Jacqueline M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited research on difficulties with activities of daily living (I/ADLs) among older adults living alone with cognitive impairment, including differences by race/ethnicity.MethodsFor U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2000–2014) participants aged 55+ living alone with cognitive impairment (4,666 individuals; 9,091 observations), we evaluated I/ADL difficulty and help.ResultsAmong 4.3 million adults aged 55+ living alone with cognitive impairment, an estimated 46% reported an I/ADL difficulty; 72% reported not receiving help with an I/ADL. Women reported more difficulty than men. Compared to white women, black women were 22% more likely to report a difficulty without help, and Latina women were 36% more likely to report a difficulty with help. Among men, racial/ethnic differences in outcomes were not significant. Patterns of difficulty without help by race/ethnicity were similar among Medicaid beneficiaries.DiscussionFindings call for targeted efforts to support older adults living alone with cognitive impairment.
An agnostic reevaluation of the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: The role of APP homeostasis
Authors: Caselli Richard J. , Knopman David S. , Bu Guojun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo reassess the role of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) system in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).BackgroundAPP is a cell adhesion molecule that has been highly conserved over the course of phylogeny that has critical roles in brain development, synaptic plasticity, and the brain's intrinsic immune system. The amyloid cascade hypothesis describes a relatively linear, deterministic sequence of events triggered by a gain of Aβ peptide fragment toxicity that results in neurodegeneration and cognitive loss, yet well designed immunotherapy and beta secretase inhibitor trials that have successfully targeted Aβ have failed to have any consistent effects on the steady decline of cognition.New/updated hypothesisMutations of the APP and presenilin genes not only alter the ratio of longer to shorter Aβ fragments (resulting in a gain of Aβ toxicity), but also disrupt the normal homeostatic roles of their respective proteins. The evolutionary history, physiological importance, and complexity of the APP and presenilin systems, as well as other critical components including tau and apolipoprotein E (APOE) imply that altered function of such systems could have severe consequences that include but need not be limited to a gain of Aβ toxicity and would more generally result in altered homeostasis of APP‐related functions.Major challenges addressed by our hypothesisChallenges that a loss of APP homeostasis addresses better than the more limited gain of Aβ toxicity model include the topographic mismatches between Aβ and tau pathology, the profile and chronology of cognitive and biomarker changes that precede the clinical expression of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and the disappointments of Aβ targeted therapeutics among others.Linkage to other major theoriesThe importance of APP, α‐ and β‐secretases, the presenilins and γ‐secretase, as well as tau was recognized by the authors of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, and has since led multiple investigators to propose alternative, more balanced hypotheses including reduced homeostasis and frank loss‐of‐function of key components that include but go beyond the currently envisioned linear model of Aβ toxicity.
Additive and free‐volume effects on the refractive index of a thiol‐ene polymer network
Authors: Filho Edmundo B. D. S. , Su Yue , Takashina Mamoru , Fowler Gary , Chien Po‐Hsiu , Stiegman Albert E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA series of hard, transparent, thermoset polymer samples containing tetravinylsilane (TVS) and 1,3‐benzenedithiol (BDT) with varying loadings of zirconium oxide clusters Zr6(OH)4O4(OMc)12 (ZOC) were synthesized. Resulting polymers exhibited a higher refractive index (n) than the parent polymer containing only the monomers TVS and BDT. The refractive index reached a maximum value of 1.711 at a ZOC loading of 3 wt% and then decreased as the ZOC concentration in the polymer matrix increased. The refractive index of ZOC was determined to be 1.540 using the Becke line method. Because the refractive index of ZOC is lower than that of the TVS–BDT polymer matrix, the finding that the incorporation of small quantities of ZOC can increase the refractive index of the TVS–BDT polymer composite was unexpected and is accounted for by the effects of ZOC on the packing efficiency of the composite.
Enhanced dispersibility and uniform distribution of iron phosphonate to intensify its synergistic effect on polypropylene‐based intumescent flame‐retardant system
Authors: Liu Weifeng , Nie Ling , Luo Liehong , Yue Junfeng , Gan Lin , Lu Jun , Huang Jin , Liu Changhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGood dispersion and distributed nanoscaled synergists are expected to greatly enhance the performance of flame retardants. Here, a new type of iron organic‐phosphonate (FeP) nanoparticles was synthesized and utilized as the synergist for polypropylene‐based intumescent flame‐retardant system (IFR/PP). To improve the dispersion of the FeP in the IFR/PP system, a master‐batch method was used to achieve separation between the FeP particles, which included hydrogen bonding with ammonium polyphosphate (APP). To improve its compatibility with PP, the hybrid synergist FeP@APP@CS was produced by electrostatic interaction with chitosan (CS). The results showed that the FeP@APP@CS nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in the PP matrix and selectively located on the IFR particles, achieving compatibility between the PP and IFR. The FeP@APP@CS/IFR/PP system exhibited an enhanced limiting oxygen index (LOI) of up to 28.5%, and achieved an improved vertical burning rating of V‐0 (UL‐94), compared to the IFR/PP system. The improved flame‐retardant properties, even at low levels of IFR loading, were attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of the FeP@APP@CS throughout the IFR system and the fine synergistic effect between the FeP@APP@CS and IFR.
Exploring in situ integration of pongamia oil to improve barrier properties of polyurethane coatings
Authors: Ranade Shyama , Neelakantan Lakshman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolyurethane coatings have been the focus of continuous innovation, such as bio‐based coatings and self‐healing coatings. This study investigates the route achieving superior coatings by in situ integration of pongamia oil during the curing process. Stronger urethane and carbonyl bonds for these oil‐modified coatings are observed using Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals an increase in their thermal stability. A sustained high coating resistance and an increased Bode impedance (by ∼102 Ω cm2) for the oil‐modified coatings is observed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which is corroborated by the cyclic corrosion test. Scanning electron microscopy depicts a roughened coating morphology with an increased water contact angle due to the integrated oil‐polyurethane polymer chains. Further, a preliminary computational fluid dynamics confirms this inhibited electrolyte mass flow through an oil‐modified coating with denser regions as compared to a clear coating. A consolidated schematic model incorporating the experimental and simulation results is proposed.
Fire resistance performance of composite coating with geopolymer‐based bio‐fillers for lightweight panel application
Authors: Abdul Rashid Muhammad Khairi , Ramli Sulong Nor Hafizah , Alengaram Ubagaram Johnson 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStructural insulated panel (SIP) requires fire‐resistant coating due to its substrate having low melting point. This article presents the effect of filler and binder on fire resistance, thermal stability, and surface morphology of composite coating. Palm oil clinker filler‐type coatings made using ordinary Portland cement (OPC:POC), calcium aluminate cement (CAC:POC), and alkali‐activated geopolymer (GP:POC) binders were analyzed. GP:POC was then compared to other geopolymer‐binder type coating with different fillers such as rice husk ash (GP:RHA), metakaolin (GP:MK), and hybrid filler of POC and RHA (GP:POC‐RHA). It was found that geopolymer binder‐type specimens have better fire‐resistance due to low thermal conductivity caused by their porous microstructure and intumescence behavior. Then, the coating formulation was optimized in terms of thickness, alkaline activator ratio and curing regime which produced GP:RHA' that lasted almost 2 hours during flame exposure test. This article concludes that geopolymer‐binder type composite is a plausible fire‐resistant coating for SIP.
Preparation of cellulose triacetate aerogel via non‐solvent impacted thermally induced phase separation for oil absorption
Authors: Wang Cheng , Okubayashi Satoko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe oil spill has caused significant attention on a global scale due to its damage to the environment and the economy. The development of economically and ecologically friendly oil sorbent materials has important meaning for the oil spill concern. In this work, we explored the non‐solvent impacted thermally induced phase separation (NITIPS) method to prepare the cellulose triacetate aerogel (CA) with low density (6.4–40.5 mg/cm3), high porosity (96.9–99.5%), large water contact angle (>129°) and high specific surface area (193–573 m2/g) as the oil sorbent material. The oil absorption capacity of CA with vegetable oil and vacuum pump oil reached 80.8 g/g and 38.9 g/g, respectively, consistent with Fick's law of diffusion. Moreover, the NITIPS method provided simpler process and controlled the shape of CA compared with the traditional thermally induced phase separation method. This study proved that the CA prepared by NITIPS methods played an important role as a potential oil absorption solids in the field of oil spill and organic chemical leakage.
Significantly high electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in polypyrrole synthesized by eco‐friendly and cost‐effective technique
Authors: Agrawal Rekha , Shah Jyoti , Gupta Govind , Srivastava Ritu , Sharma Chhemendra , Kotnala Ravinder 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA facile and eco‐friendly synthesis of polypyrrole from monomer pyrrole using nominal amount of ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) oxidant in aqueous solution by chemically oxidative polymerization method has been reported. The use of aqueous solvent and ferric chloride hexahydrate salt in polypyrrole synthesis have an eco‐friendly route favorable for the production of polypyrrole in large quantities. The synthesized polypyrrole samples exhibit good electrical conductivity (2 S/cm) and yield of 80% for reaction time of 8 hr at 5°C. Quality and properties of polypyrrole samples have been thoroughly investigated with varying reaction time and temperature while other synthesis parameters like molar ratio of oxidant to monomer, oxidant concentration, and solvent were kept constant. X‐ray diffraction analysis of polypyrrole with a shorter reaction time shows the presence of iron oxide (Fe2O3) peaks. The complete reaction may not occur at shorter reaction times due to which residual ferric ions converted into Fe2O3. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of polypyrrole also confirms the formation of Fe2O3. Appropriate selection of reaction time and temperature produced pure phase polypyrrole with high yield and good conductivity. Synthesized polypyrrole by our eco‐friendly and cost‐effective technique exhibits prominent electromagnetic shielding effectiveness value of 30 dB in the X‐band (8–12 GHz).
High‐yield water‐phase exfoliated few‐defect graphene for high performance polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Mengxing , Zhang Jiajia , Dong Lei , Lu Hongbin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractApplication of graphene requires a high‐yield, low‐cost, scalable production method, but it remains highly challenging. We here report a water‐phase technique to produce few‐defect graphene nanosheets (FGS) with a high exfoliation yield (92%), based on the chemically expanded graphite with ultrahigh specific surface areas, and demonstrate the application in graphene‐polymer nanocomposites. The exfoliated FGS has low degree of oxidation and preserves good mechanical and electrical properties, revealing promising potential for improving comprehensive properties of polymer composites. When 0.5 wt% FGS was incorporated to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), the 5% weight loss temperature and storage modulus increase by 87°C and 21%, respectively, relative to the neat polymer. With increasing the content of FGS to 4.6 wt%, the glass transition temperature of the composite increases by 25°C. In addition, the composites show a percolation threshold as low as 0.25 vol% and excellent electrical conductivity (50 S/m for 2.7 vol% FGS‐PMMA composite).
Energy dissipation in natural rubber latex films: The effect of stabilizers, leaching and acetone‐treatment
Authors: Shakun Alexandra , Sarlin Essi , Vuorinen Jyrki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNatural rubber (NR) is a versatile material possessing outstanding mechanical properties, which can be used in multiple applications including the rapidly developing dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs). One of the drawbacks of the existing DEGs is their low efficiency, which can be improved by lowering the dielectric and mechanical losses originating from the material. Therefore, the present research was focusing on assessing the ways to minimize the dielectric and mechanical losses of NR films rather than developing a DEG. In this article, the effect of natural proteins and the rubber stabilizers on energy dissipation of NR films was evaluated. Moreover, the effect of sample posttreatment (with water and acetone), curing and time after cure was discussed. As a result, deproteinized NR stabilized by ammonium caseinate outperformed unmodified NR due to reduced dielectric losses, mechanical hysteresis and stress relaxation. Moreover, the posttreatment methods were found to moderately reduce the material‐relates losses.
GinJinn: An object‐detection pipeline for automated feature extraction from herbarium specimens
Authors: Ott Tankred , Palm Christoph , Vogt Robert , Oberprieler Christoph 
Published: June 2020

PremiseThe generation of morphological data in evolutionary, taxonomic, and ecological studies of plants using herbarium material has traditionally been a labor‐intensive task. Recent progress in machine learning using deep artificial neural networks (deep learning) for image classification and object detection has facilitated the establishment of a pipeline for the automatic recognition and extraction of relevant structures in images of herbarium specimens.Methods and ResultsWe implemented an extendable pipeline based on state‐of‐the‐art deep‐learning object‐detection methods to collect leaf images from herbarium specimens of two species of the genus Leucanthemum. Using 183 specimens as the training data set, our pipeline extracted one or more intact leaves in 95% of the 61 test images.ConclusionsWe establish GinJinn as a deep‐learning object‐detection tool for the automatic recognition and extraction of individual leaves or other structures from herbarium specimens. Our pipeline offers greater flexibility and a lower entrance barrier than previous image‐processing approaches based on hand‐crafted features.
Omics technologies for kidney disease research
Authors: Wang Dan , Yang Jiayi , Fan Jinjin , Chen Wei , Nikolic‐Paterson David J. , Li Jinhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOmics‐based technologies in the areas of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics are revolutionizing research into many types of human and experimental disease. This review focuses on the potential of omics technologies to identify pathogenic mechanisms and biomarkers of disease in order to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and treatment of kidney disease.
miR‐203a‐3p promotes loureirin A‐induced hair follicle stem cells differentiation by targeting Smad1
Authors: Luo Ziwei , Dou Jianping , Xie Fangfang , Lu Jianghua , Han Qianting , Zhou Xianxi , Kong Jiechen , Chen Dongfeng , Liu Aijun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the repair of skin trauma. Our previous study indicated that loureirin A promoted hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) to repair skin epidermis. However, the mechanism of miRNA‐mediated regulation of loureirin A‐induced HFSC differentiation remained to be explored. In the present study, HFSCs from rat vibrissa were identified by immunofluorescence in vitro. Microarray and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that miR‐203a‐3p was upregulated in differentiated HFSCs induced by loureirin A. The expression of cytoskeletal keratin (CK) 5 and involucrin was promoted by miR‐203a‐3p mimics while repressed by a miR‐203a‐3p inhibitor. Smad1 was identified as a key target of miR‐203a‐3p using target prediction tools. Luciferase reporter gene test confirmed a special target association between miR‐203a‐3p and Smad1. Short interfering Smad1 was transfected into HFSCs, and the expression levels of CK5 and involucrin were upregulated. Thus, it can be inferred that miR‐203a‐3p negatively regulated the expression of Smad1 and promoted the differentiation of loureirin A‐induced HFSCs. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signal inhibition and Wnt activation coregulate skin injury repair. BMP/Smad1 signaling is involved in maintaining the characteristics of HFSCs and inhibiting their differentiation. Our results showed that miR‐203a‐3p reduces Smad1 to release BMP inhibition. Taken together, miR‐203a‐3p/Smad1 is a potential therapeutic molecular target in skin wound healing, and may play an active role in wound repair and regenerative medicine.
Rebamipide potentially mitigates methotrexate‐induced nephrotoxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation: A molecular and histochemical study
Authors: Elmansy Rasha A. , Seleem Hanan S. , Mahmoud Amany R. , Hassanein Emad H. M. , Ali Fares E. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMethotrexate (MTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent; nevertheless, the nephrotoxicity associated with its use has limited its clinical use. Rebamipide (REB) is a gastro‐protective agent with diverse promising biological activities. Here, we investigated the renoprotective effects of REB against MTX‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: the normal control group, the REB group (100 mg kg−1 day−1, PO, for 12 days), the MTX group (which received a single injection of 20 mg/kg, ip), and the REB + MTX group (which received 100 mg kg−1 day−1 REB for 7 days before and 5 days after being injected with 20 mg/kg MTX). Interestingly, MTX triggered kidney injury, characterized by renal dysfunction along with histopathological alterations. Moreover, increased reactive oxygen species level and inflammatory response were detected in the kidney of MTX‐treated rats. However, REB prevented MTX‐induced oxidative kidney injury and boosted an antioxidant balance. Mechanistically, REB markedly activated the NRF‐2 protein and upregulated the expression of both SIRT‐1 and FOXO‐3 genes. Additionally, REB administration strongly inhibited the inflammatory response by downregulating both NF‐κB‐p65 and TLR‐4. Finally, the coadministration of REB and MTX activated the mTOR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Simultaneously, REB treatment attenuated the reduction in glomerular size, the widening of the capsular spaces, and the tubular cell damage due to MTX administration. Taken together, these results indicate the potential of REB as adjuvant therapy to prevent nephrotoxicity in patients receiving MTX treatment.
Solvent Vapor Annealing Upgraded Orderly Intermolecular Stacking and Crystallinity to Enhance Memory Device Performance
Authors: Guo Chunxiu , Zhang Qijian , Li Hua , Lu Jianmei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMolecular stacking and crystallinity in a film can effectively affect the charge‐carrier mobility of semiconductor materials and corresponding device performance. Currently, solvent vapor annealing (SVA), as an effective thin‐film optimization strategy, which can select the appropriate solvent according to the characteristics of the molecular structure to optimize the intermolecular orderly arrangement, is often adopted. Thus, a small conjugated molecule C20‐ID(TPCN)2 with flexible alkyl side chains was synthesized and applied as active layer of sandwich memory devices. The active layer film has been annealed with different polar solvent vapors to evaluate the relationship among the molecular structure, solvent selection, annealing parameters and intermolecular stacking. Compared to un‐annealed devices, the memory devices based on the films through CH2Cl2‐annealing show better performance with a lower threshold voltage due to developed ordered molecular aggregation and better crystallinity, while a hydrophilic solvent vapor will weaken the device performance. This work not only reveals that selecting an appropriate solvent vapor for the molecular structure could be of vital importance in inducing the desired intermolecular stacking mode, but also provides a novel insight for the realization of organic semiconductor devices with excellent performance.