bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review on Current Evidence and Putative Molecular Links
Authors: Di Spirito Federica , Sbordone Ludovico , Pilone Vincenzo , D’Ambrosio Francesco 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Obesity represents one of the main health problems worldwide and is considered a risk factor for several diseases, including periodontitis, which is a microbially-associated inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting structures.

Objective:
The aim of this review was to report the current direct and indirect evidence concerning the possible association between obesity and periodontitis and their putative molecular links.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted between January 1999 and September 2019, in PubMed/MEDLINE and Science Direct databases, using pertinent keyword combined by Boolean operators. Through a multi-step screening process (literature search; articles title and abstract evaluation and full-text reading), studies fitting inclusion/exclusion criteria were considered for the review.

Results:
35 studies were included in the present review (17 observational studies; 7 systematic reviews; 11 systematic reviews with meta-analysis), focusing on the direct and indirect evidence of the possible association between obesity and periodontitis and their potential etiopathogenic molecular links

Conclusion:
Although the majority of the studies reported a positive association between obesity and periodontitis, the heterogeneity of the classification criteria and of the clinical parameters employed in the studies for both obesity and periodontitis evaluation, complicated the comparison of the results, thus considered inconclusive. Although several putative molecular pathogenic links between obesity and periodontitis have been highlighted, further studies, with longer follow-ups and with homogeneous clinical criteria, are needed to better understand the putative relation between obesity and periodontal disease.
Non-Invasive Imaging for Evaluating Cardiovascular Involvement in Patients with Primary and Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Atteritano Marco , Visconti Luca , Dattilo Giuseppe , Zuppardo Carmelo , Lacquaniti Antonio , Parato Vito Maurizio , Migliorato Alessandro , Conti Giovanni , Santoro Domenico 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Evidence suggests that proteinuric diseases, such as primary or secondary glomerulonephritis, increase cardiovascular risk, but few studies confirmed this association.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional, observational study on 32 patients, 17 with Primary Glomerulonephritis (PG) and 15 with Lupus Glomerulonephritis (LG). The control group consisted of 32 healthy individuals. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the left common carotid artery, carotid bifurcation and internal carotid artery was measured by ultrasound. Left ventricular myocardial deformation was assessed by the use of the Global Circumferential Strain (GCS) and the Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) following 2-Dimensional (2D) echocardiography in all participants.

Results:
Patients with glomerulonephritis in both groups showed significantly lower GLS compared with controls (p=0.0005). There was also a significant difference in common carotid IMT values between the LG and GP group (0.45±0.09 vs. 0.58±0.17 mm, respectively; p=0.01), but there was no difference with the control group. In patient group (n=32), a significantly positive correlation was observed between C-reactive protein and proteinuria (r=0.98; p<0.0001), whereas negative correlations were found between common carotid IMT and creatinine clearance (r=-0.97; p<0.0001) and between carotid bifurcation IMT and phosphate levels (r=-0.97; p<0.0001)

Conclusion:
Subclinical systolic myocardial dysfunction is present early in the course of glomerular disease. The use of 2D GLS revealed that LG and PG patients with no cardiovascular symptoms or history and a preserved left ventricle ejection fraction on conventional echocardiography had subclinical reduction in LV global longitudinal systolic function compared with controls.
Patellar Tendon Rupture Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Heer Steven T. , O’Dowd James , R. Butler Rebecca , O. Dewitt David , Khanna Gaurav , Mirzayan Raffy 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Patellar tendon rupture following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is rare. There is no consensus on optimal treatment.

Methods:
All patients who underwent a primary repair of a traumatic patellar tendon rupture following a TKA between 2008 and 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Patient information, implant, repair type (anchor vs. bone tunnel), graft use, and complications were recorded.

Results:
Twenty-six patients met our inclusion criteria. The average age was 69.7+11 years. There were 19 females (73.1%). The average time from TKA to PT rupture was 13.6 months (range: 0- 135 months). The average incidence was 62.32 per 100,000 TKA. PT was repaired with anchors (A) in 9 (4 with a graft) and trans-osseous tunnels (TO) in 12 (5 required graft), and 5 with other methods. There was a significant improvement in KSS from 61 to 83 (P=0.023). There was a significant difference in time from PT tear to surgery in patients with grafts (42 days) and those without grafts (6 days) (P<0.001). Compared to A repair, TO had 2.39 times odds of re-tear (95% CI: 0.38,15.4; P=0.354) and 1.37 times odds of infection (95% CI:0.074,25.6; P=0.83). Repairs with a graft had a 1.90 times odds of re-tear (95% CI: 0.29, 12.19; P=0.49) and 6.3 time odds of infection (95% CI 0.26, 166.7; P=0.25).

Conclusion:
Surgical repair of PT tears following TKA leads to significant clinical improvement, regardless of the fixation method or graft use. We found no difference in outcomes between A and TO repairs and or with graft use.
Quadriceps Tendon Rupture Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Heer Steven T. , O'Dowd James , Butler Rebecca R. , Dewitt David O. , Khanna Gaurav , Mirzayan Raffy 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
Rupture of a Quadriceps Tendon (QT) following a Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is a rare complication. The purpose of this study was to report outcomes and complications of QT repair following TKA.

Methods:
From a cohort of 437 QT repairs, 19 individuals were identified who had previously undergone a TKA on the ipsilateral leg. Data was collected on individuals with a minimum follow up of 3 months post QT repair (n=16), including Knee Society Scores, pre and post-operative lag, and pre and post-operative range of motion.

Results:
13 patients were treated with End-to-End (EE) repairs and 6 were treated with transosseous or suture anchor repair (ATO). In the ATO group, there was no difference in pre (68.0 ± 22.5) and post KSS (82 ± 9.16) (p=0.231), but in the EE group, there was a significant improvement in KSS (pre=67.8 ± 13.1, post=86 ± 16.75, p=0.0027). There was significant difference in post-operative extension lag between ATO (26.0 ± 12.6) vs. EE (4.0 ± 2.74) (p=0.0083). Four out of six ATO patients had extension lag ≥10 degree extensor lag (66.7%) compared to 2 out of 13 (15.4%) patients in the EE group. Compared to EE, ATO repair had an 8.00 times odds of re-tear (95% CI: 0.53,120.6; p=0.133) and 2.75 times greater risk of infection (95% CI: 0.284, 26.61; p=0.382).

Conclusion:
Patients who underwent EE repair had better functional improvements compared to the ATO group and smaller extension lag.
Possibility of Meniscal Repair for Degenerative and Horizontal Tears
Authors: Mine Takatomo , Ueda Takaaki , Ihara Koichiro , Kawamura Hiroyuki , Kuriyama Ryutaro , Tominaga Yasunari 
Published: January 2020

Background:Poor long-term clinical results have been reported following partial and total menisectomy. To preserve the meniscus, many surgeons perform meniscal repairs when possible. However, meniscal repair for degenerative tears and white-white tears is challenging.Methods:15 patients underwent meniscal repair for degenerative and horizontal tears. Follow-up evaluation included clinical assessment and Magnetic Resonance Imaging examination. The mean follow-up time was 11.9 months (from 8 months to 13 months).Result:The healing rate on clinical assessment was 86.6% 12 months after surgery. MRI showed partial healing in 12 patients, complete healing in 1 and no healing in 2 after 12 months.Conclusion:The findings suggest that it may be possible to repair degenerative and horizontal meniscal tears.
Epidemiology of a Femur Shaft Fracture in an Acute Critical Care Center in a Rural Area of Japan
Authors: Kushida Yoshihiro , Omori Kazuhiko , Muramatsu Ken-ichi , Nagasawa Hiroki , Takeuchi Ikuto , Jitsuiki Kei , Ohsaka Hiromichi , Oode Yasumasa , Ito Hiroshi , Yanagawa Youichi 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:Japan has the most rapidly aging population in the world. As of 2017, the number of people ≥65 years of age in Japan was 35.1 million, constituting 27.7% of the total population. The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiology in patients with a femur shaft fracture in a rural area with a super-aging population.Methods:Electronic medical charts from January 2011 to March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for all patients with the main disease of ‘femur shaft fracture’ who had been transported to Numazu City Hospital. Subjects were divided into two groups based on the mechanism of injury: a Low-Energy (LE) group, which included patients who had been injured by falling down or suffered a fracture while walking; and a High-Energy (HE) group, which included patients who had been injured by traffic accidents or free fall from a high place (over 3 m). The variables were compared between the two groups.Results:During the investigation period, there were 58 patients with the femur shaft fracture, including 28 patients in the HE group and 30 in the LE group. The male ratio, injury severity score and ratio of open fracture in the HE group were significantly greater than in the LE group. The age and systolic blood pressure in the HE group were significantly lower than in the LE group.Conclusion:Among patients with femur shaft fracture in the acute critical care center in a rural area of Japan, where the population is super-aging, the frequency of HE and LE femur shaft fracture was almost the same. The fragility of the femur shaft in elderly people may explain this tendency.
Impression Management within Instagram Stories: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Sukmayadi Vidi , Yahya Azizul Halim 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
This study is aimed at exploring the motivation and impression management strategies of “Instagram Stories” users.

Materials and Methods:
The authors interviewed 30 Instagram influencers in updating their contents on the Instagram Stories feature. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture the informants’ experience and consciousness in producing their online content as a part of their impression management.

Results:
The main findings of the study were as follows; First, Self-existence, viewers’ attractiveness, and innovativeness of the application have become the core motivation for the users in choosing the Instastory feature. Secondly, the impression management applied by the users as their front stage lies in the construction of their uploaded contents. Lastly, the users of Instagram Stories constructed their content in the form of thematic consistency, uniqueness, “captions” and information (image) editing.

Conclusion:
The present study indicated that the impression management pattern in using Instagram stories had become an integral part of the uploaded content to fulfil the users’ highest self-satisfaction and maximum impacts on the viewers as well as their virtual followers.
What Level of Tourism Traffic Should be planned for in North Carolina’s Major Tourism Areas
Authors: Wilck Joseph , Kauffmann Paul , Lynch Paul 
Published: January 2020

Aims:
The purpose of this research is to provide the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) with an execution strategy for using traffic counts in high tourism areas to aid in the development of Comprehensive Transportation Plans (CTPs). Due to the high variability of traffic counts in these localities, it is arbitrary to apply the typical weekday traffic count as the reference metric for developing the CTPs for these areas.

Methods:
A literature review and assessment of best practices, forecasting models, and implementation strategies are provided. The first and primary recommendation with respect to Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) calculations and planning is to incorporate peak-usage and directionality; whether it be hourly or monthly. Urban areas will have AADT values similar to the design value. However, seasonal areas, such as tourist locations, will have significant differences between the design value and the AADT.

Results:
While other states (notably Nevada and Florida) have incorporated peak-hour usage ratios into their planning forecasts, the recommendation in this report suggests using an average of the two busiest months (as shown in the case studies) when peak-hour usage rates are unknown.

Conclusion:
The primary recommendations should be addressed tactically (i.e., 3-5 years), and phased-in as resources are available. Other recommendations should be addressed strategically (i.e., 5-10 years), and phased-in as resources are available. Future work, including simulation modeling could be completed to test different levels of funding and to compare different approaches.
Empirical Study on the Accuracy and Precision of Automatic Passenger Counting in European Bus Services
Authors: Olivo Alessandro , Maternini Giulio , Barabino Benedetto 
Published: January 2020

Background:An Automatic Passenger Counting system represents a powerful resource for an efficient operational planning of public transport companies, but it gives rise to several challenges such as accuracy and precision, which must be addressed in order to operate successfully.Objective:Unlike previous studies in the North American bus market, this paper evaluates the accuracy and precision of an infrared APC system in a European bus market.Methods:The accuracy is evaluated by considering: (i) the presence/absence of the error and its direction; (ii) the magnitude of the error disregarding the direction and (iii) some tests on the nature of the error. The precision is evaluated by direct and inverse regression models and somet-teston biases.Results:As for accuracy, a small average magnitude of the errors is observed. In addition, the APC accurately measures alighting passengers, while it presents a slight tendency to systematically undercount boarding passengers. As for precision, the amount of measurement error due to the APC system exists and, even if it is relatively contained, it is statistically significant for boarding and alighting passengers.Conclusion:Although one type of APC system is evaluated only on one bus, it seems quite accurate for recording alighting passengers, whereas a correction factor should be applied for boarding passengers.
Correlation Between Oral and Dental Health Status of Primary School Children and Their Family Quality of Life in Torbat Heydariyeh County in Iran
Authors: Yaghoobi Hamideh , Rohani Camelia , Farahani Azam Shirin Abadi , Matbouei Mahsa , Tatari Maryam 
Published: January 2020

Background:Due to little information on Iranian families, this study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the oral-dental health status of primary school children and their Family’s Quality of Life (QoL).Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the oral-dental health status of 251 primary school children in Torbat Heydariyeh county, Iran, was examined according to decayed, missing, and filled teeth index for primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) teeth by a checklist. Their mothers (n=251) responded to the Family Impact Scale (FIS) for the assessment of family’s QoL. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 by Poisson and Multiple Linear Regression analyses.Results:Primary dental caries of children at an intermediate level (dmft = 3.4 ± 3.1) and their permanent dental caries at a low level (DMFT = 2.6 ± 2.9) were evaluated. The mean score of families’ QoL was estimated 13±7.5 out of a maximum of 56. Pearson correlation test showed that there was no significant correlation between the FIS and dmft/DMFT index (P > 0.05). Regression models revealed that there was a correlation between mothers' dental visits over the past 8 months with the dmft (p=0.006), the DMFT index (p=0.016) and families’ QoL (p=0.045).Conclusion:Although our study didn't show a correlation between the dental health status of children and family’s QoL, the findings showed that there is still a gap between the goals of the WHO and the dental health status of children in Torbat Heydariyeh county.
Prevalence and Predictors of Routine Prostate-specific Antigen Screening in Medicare Beneficiaries in the USA: Retrospective Cohort Analysis Using Machine Learning
Authors: Das Ashis Kumar , Gopalan Saji Saraswathy 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To estimate the prevalence and predictors of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening among Medicare beneficiary men using machine learning algorithms.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort analysis used the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Public Use File (MCBS PUF) data from 2015 and 2016. Predictors of PSA screening were examined through multivariable logistic regression and machine learning techniques.

Results:
Over half (56%) of Medicare beneficiary men had PSA screening during 2015-2016. Ages between 65 and 75 years, education above high school, being married, higher annual income (>$25,000), being overweight or obese, and more than 20 outpatient office visits were significant predictors.

Conclusion:
PSA screening uptake was 56 percent among Medicare beneficiaries and it was driven by beneficiaries’ age, education, marital status, income, body mass index, and number of outpatient visits. Although Medicare provides free annual PSA screening, uptake was higher among high-income beneficiaries. Awareness strategies would help inform privileges for PSA screening under Medicare and the advantages of routine screening for mitigating the health risks.
A Discussion Regarding the Application of the Hertz Contact Theory on Biological Samples in AFM Nanoindentation Experiments
Authors: Kontomaris Stylianos Vasileios , Stylianou Andreas , Nikita Konstantina S. , Malamou Anna 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Nanoindentation procedure regarding biological
samples poses significant challenges with respect to the accuracy of the provided results. These
challenges are related to the inhomogeneity of biological samples, various uncertainties in experimental
methods and certain approximations regarding the theoretical analysis. The most commonly
used theoretical model for data processing at the linear elastic regime regarding biological samples is
the Hertz model.

Objective:
This paper focuses on the investigation of the resulting errors of the basic equation of the
Hertz theory that depend on the ratio, indentation depth/indenter’s radius regarding the Young’s modulus
calculation.

Methods:
An extended new equation is derived which takes into account the influence of the indentation
depth/indenter’s radius ratio on the calculation of the Young’s modulus and can be easily used for
calculations. The derived equation is further combined with equations which take into account the
shape of the sample.

Results:
Several examples in the literature that do not take into account the value of the ratio indentation
depth/indenter’s radius are reported and the related errors are calculated and discussed. Moreover,
a rational explanation, regarding the extended differences of the Young’s modulus calculations using
the same experimental results when these are processed using the Hertz model and the Oliver & Pharr
analysis (which is the general model that applies for any axisymmetric indenter) is provided.

Conclusion:
A complete and reliable theoretical tool was developed (that takes into account the indentation
depth/indenter’s radius ratio and the shape of the sample) which can be generally applied in order
to reduce the errors produced by the current methodology (Hertz model).
The Impact of Hearing Impairment on the Life Trajectories of Aboriginal Children in Remote Australia: Protocol for the Hearing Loss in Kids Project
Authors: Su Jiunn-Yih , He Vincent Yaofeng , Guthridge Steven , Silburn Sven 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported a high prevalence of chronic otitis media (OM) and hearing impairment (HI) in Aboriginal children in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. Children affected by these disorders are believed to be at increased risk for adverse outcomes in early childhood development, school attendance, academic performance, and child maltreatment and youth offending. However, to date, there have been no studies quantifying the association between HI and these outcomes in this population.ObjectiveThis study will investigate the association between HI and the 5 outcomes in Aboriginal children living in remote NT communities.MethodsIndividual-level information linked across multiple administrative datasets will be used to conduct a series of retrospective observational studies on selected developmental and school outcomes. The predictor variables for all studies are the results from audiometric hearing assessments. The outcome measures are as follows: Australian Early Development Census results, representing developmental readiness for school, assessed around 5 years of age; Year 1 school attendance rates; Year 3 school-based academic performance, assessed in the National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy; incidence of child maltreatment events (including both notifications and substantiated cases); and incidence of a first guilty verdict for youth offenders. Confounding and moderating factors available for the analysis include both community-level factors (including school fixed effects, socioeconomic status, level of remoteness, and housing crowdedness) and individual-level factors (including maternal and perinatal health and hospital admissions in early childhood).ResultsThe study commenced in 2018, with ethics and data custodian approvals for data access and linkage. This has enabled the completion of data linkage and the commencement of data analysis for individual component studies, with findings expected to be published in 2019 and 2020.ConclusionsThis study will provide first evidence of the impact of OM-related HI on the developmental, educational, and social outcomes of Australian Aboriginal children. The findings are expected to have significant implications for policy development, service design, and resource allocation.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR1-10.2196/15464
MENCARI PERLUASAN MODEL DINAMIK UNSUR-UNSUR UTAMA IKLIM
Authors: Jaya Agus Indra 
Published: January 2020

Perluasan model dinamik unsur-unsur utama iklim dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan kemunculan parameter laju perubahan kalor di atmosfer sebagai penentu kestabilan sistem di sekitar titik kritisnya. Perluasan dilakukan dengan melibatkan model konsentrasi gas CO2 kedalam model utama yakni model dinamik unsur-unsur utama iklim berdasarkan hukum termodinamika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model fisibel yang dihasilkan memiliki dua kriteria penentu kestabilan sistem, yakni laju perubahan kalor dan tingkat produksi CO2 yang berkaitan erat dengan tingkat konsumsinya. Perubahan kalor harus melebihi suatu nilai yang dinyatakan dalam fungsi kapasitas panas pada tekanan tetap. Sedangkan tingkat konsumsi gas CO2 disyaratkan untuk melebihi tingkat produksi.