bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Anatomical Features of Alveolar Cleft in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients of Different Ages
Authors: Wei Shuaishuai , Wang Yuli , Ma Xiaojie , Pan Yongchu , Zhang Ping , Jiang Hongbing , Du Yifei , Wan Linzhong 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare the anatomical features of alveolar cleft in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) of different ages.

Methods:
Sixty UCLP patients were divided into 3 groups as follows: group 1 (7–12 years old), group 2 (13–18 years old) and group 3 (more than 18 years old). The radiographic images were analyzed based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Results:
The mean age in 3 groups was 10.45 ± 1.15, 15.05 ± 1.90, and 22.55 ± 3.00 years (P < 0.0001). The lip-palatal width in Group 2 and 3 was 15.14 ± 3.67 mm3 and 15.50 ± 3.92 mm3, which was significantly larger than 12.97 ± 1.82 mm in Group 1 (P = 0.037). The volume of alveolar defect was 1.09 ± 0.23 cm3, 1.28 ± 0.38 cm3 and 1.40 ± 0.58 cm3 in 3 groups, and the difference between any 2 of them was significant (P = 0.0004). The prevalence of ipsilateral but contralateral maxillary sinusitis was significant among 3 groups (P = 0.0015) while the other nasal deformities including nasal septum deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy was not found significant.

Conclusions:
Alveolar cleft volume increased with age, which is properly due to enlarged width of lip-palatal defect. The significant higher frequencies of ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis in patients under 18 could increase the risk of bone infection.
Endoscopic Endonasal Orbital Floor Fracture Repair With Mucosal Preservation to Reinforce the Fractured Bone
Authors: Omura Kazuhiro , Nomura Kazuhiro , Okushi Tetsushi , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Otori Nobuyoshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Treatment of orbital floor fracture is often needed to cure diplopia and enophthalmos. However, the available surgical methods have many limitations. An endoscopic endonasal reduction is a familiar approach for otolaryngologists; however, reconstruction of the orbital floor may pose certain problems. Here, the authors developed the endoscopic endonasal orbital floor fracture repair with mucosal preservation procedure (mucosal preservation procedure). This study aims to evaluate outcomes after the mucosal preservation procedure. The authors analyzed 18 patients who had their orbital floor repaired using the mucosal preservation procedure. Pre- and post-operative ocular motility range was measured with a Hess screen test, and the percentage of Hess area ratio (HAR%) was used for all statistical comparisons. The distance between the fractured bone and orbital floor (DBFO) on computed tomography was measured before and four months after surgery. Overall, diplopia, and pain improved after surgery in all patients. Diplopia and pain completely disappeared in 17 patients, while only mild diplopia remained in one. HAR% increased significantly, whereas DBFO reduced significantly after the operation. In conclusion, the outcome of the mucosal preservation procedure was favorable without any major complications. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to verify our technique.
Situating Artificial Intelligence in Surgery
Authors: Korndorffer James R. , Hawn Mary T. , Spain David A. , Knowlton Lisa M. , Azagury Dan E. , Nassar Aussama K. , Lau James N. , Arnow Katherine D. , Trickey Amber W. , Pugh Carla M. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
Artificial intelligence (AI) has numerous applications in surgical quality assurance. We assessed AI accuracy in evaluating the critical view of safety (CVS) and intraoperative events during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We hypothesized that AI accuracy and intraoperative events are associated with disease severity.

Methods:
One thousand fifty-one laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos were annotated by AI for disease severity (Parkland Scale), CVS achievement (Strasberg Criteria), and intraoperative events. Surgeons performed focused video review on procedures with ≥1 intraoperative events (n = 335). AI versus surgeon annotation of CVS components and intraoperative events were compared. For all cases (n = 1051), intraoperative-event association with CVS achievement and severity was examined using ordinal logistic regression.

Results:
Using AI annotation, surgeons reviewed 50 videos/hr. CVS was achieved in ≤10% of cases. Hepatocystic triangle and cystic plate visualization was achieved more often in low-severity cases (P < 0.03). AI-surgeon agreement for all CVS components exceeded 75%, with higher agreement in high-severity cases (P < 0.03). Surgeons agreed with 99% of AI-annotated intraoperative events. AI-annotated intraoperative events were associated with both disease severity and number of CVS components not achieved. Intraoperative events occurred more frequently in high-severity versus low-severity cases (0.98 vs 0.40 events/case, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
AI annotation allows for efficient video review and is a promising quality assurance tool. Disease severity may limit its use and surgeon oversight is still required, especially in complex cases. Continued refinement may improve AI applicability and allow for automated assessment.
Hereditary motor neuropathies
Authors: Dohrn Maike F. , Saporta Mario 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Hereditary motor neuropathies (HMN) comprise a broad genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of rare, progressively disabling diseases manifesting with length-dependent muscle weakness and atrophy. To date, more than half of the cases cannot be genetically explained. To provide symptomatic and disease-modifying treatments in the future, a better understanding of disease mechanisms is required.

Recent findings
By whole exome and genome sequencing, the discovery of several novel genes (SCO2, TDRKH, SPTAN1, CADM3, and SORD) involved in the pathogenesis of HMN has now relevantly changed the pathophysiological knowledge. This recent success in causative understanding has mainly been driven by the development of functional models including cell culture, animal, and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell platforms. These models have an important impact on therapeutic advances including broader approaches to prevent or reverse axonal degeneration and individualized gene silencing attempts using sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanisms.

Summary
In rare diseases such as HMN, the recent development of genetic sequencing and data interpretation methods has enabled a broader diagnostic approach, whereas treatment strategies are becoming more individualized. Significant milestones have been reached in the discovery of new genes, the establishment of functional disease models, and the preclinical development of mechanistic-based therapies.
Wilbrand's Knee: To Be or Not to Be a Knee?
Authors: Horton Jonathan C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
Wilbrand's knee of the optic chiasm refers to crossing fibers from one optic nerve that stray for a short distance into the opposite optic nerve before joining the optic tract. This loop of aberrant axons, although small, has generated much controversy. In a previous study, labeling of the optic pathway in normal monkeys with a radioactive tracer revealed no Wilbrand's knee. Monocular enucleation induced a typical knee to form. These findings suggested that Wilbrand's knee is absent normally, but appears after atrophy of one optic nerve. This conclusion has been challenged by images showing Wilbrand's knee in the normal human chiasm using anisotropic light scattering. It has also been resisted by some clinicians who believe that Wilbrand's knee is necessary to explain the anterior chiasmal syndrome. Early in his distinguished career, William F. Hoyt examined the fiber organization of the monkey optic nerve and chiasm. He found no evidence for Wilbrand's knee and rejected its importance for the topical diagnosis of chiasmal lesions. His conclusion is supported by new data showing that anisotropic light scattering is not a reliable method for tracing axons. Hence, that method has given a misleading impression that Wilbrand's knee exists in normal subjects. Although Wilbrand's knee has fascinated neuro-ophthalmologists for more than a century, it is an inconsequential structure that develops only after a longstanding monocular optic neuropathy.
COVID-19 mild cases determination from correlating COVID-line calls to reported cases
Authors: Alvarez Ezequiel , Marsico Franco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne of the most challenging keys to understand COVID-19 evolution is to have a measure on those mild cases which are never tested because their few symptoms are soft and/or fade away soon. The problem is not only that they are difficult to identify and test, but also that it is believed that they may constitute the bulk of the cases and could be crucial in the pandemic equation. We present a novel and simple algorithm to extract the number of these mild cases by correlating a COVID-line phone calls to reported cases in given districts. The key assumption is to realize that, being a highly contagious disease, the number of calls by mild cases should be proportional to the number of reported cases. Whereas a background of calls not related to infected people should be proportional to the district population. We present the plain mathematics of the method and as a working example we apply it to Buenos Aires Province (Argentina), where it is being currently used. The implementation of this algorithm by other regions would be straightforward and would provide compelling information to the corresponding Health Care Administration.
The emergence of azithromycin-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Nepal
Authors: Duy Pham Thanh , Dongol Sabina , Giri Abhishek , Nguyen To Nguyen Thi , Ho Thanh Ngoc Dan , Nguyen Quynh Pham Nhu , Pham Trung Duc , Thwaites Guy E. , Basnyat Buddha , Baker Stephen , Rabaa Maia A. , Karkey Abhilasha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTyphoid fever remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Asia and Africa. The emergence of azithromycin resistance in South Asia is concerning, as azithromycin is one of the last effective oral drugs for treating typhoid. In mid-2019, three azithromycin-resistant (AzithR) S. Typhi isolates were isolated from typhoid fever patients attending Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. These organisms were whole genome sequenced and compared with a global collection. We found that the three AzithR isolates belonged to the H58 lineage and were genetically identical; they were distantly related to contemporaneous S. Typhi from Nepal and AzithRS. Typhi recently described in Bangladesh. Azithromycin resistance was mediated by nonsynonymous mutation in the acrB gene (R717L). Clinical information from one patient suggested non-response to azithromycin treatment. Further investigations are needed to evaluate treatment responses to azithromycin, predict AzithRS. Typhi’s evolutionary trajectories, and track the transmission of these organisms.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in children with household exposition to adults with COVID-19: preliminary findings
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Valentini Piero , De Rose Cristina , Pata Davide , Sinatti Dario , Speziale Domenico , Ricci Rosalba , Carfì Angelo , Landi Francesco , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Sali Michela ,   the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group
Published: August 2020

AbstractWheather children are easily susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection is still a debated question and a currently a hot topic, particularly in view of important decisions on school opening. For this reason, we decide to describe preliminary data showing the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in children with known household exposure to SARS-CoV-2.Our report shows that household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is high in both adults and children, with similar rates of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in all age groups, including the younger children. A total of 44 out of 80 household contacts (55%) of index patients had anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG. In particular, 16 (59,26%) adult partners had IgG antibodies compared with 28 (52,83%) of pediatric contacts (P > 0.05). Among the pediatric population, children ≥ 5 years of age had similar probability of having SARS-CoV-2 IgG (21/39, 53.8%) compared with those < 5 years (7/14, 50%) (P > 0.05). Adult partners and children also had a probability of having SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Interestingly, 35.7% of children and 33.3% of adults with SARS-CoV-2 IgG were previously diagnosed as COVID-19 cases.Since this evidence of high rate of IgG in children exposed to SARS-CoV-2 has public health implication, with this comment we highlight the need of establishing appropriate guidelines for school opening and other social activities related to childhood.
Large-Scale Evaluation of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Symptom Architecture in Schizophrenia
Authors: Lim Keane , Peh Oon-Him , Yang Zixu , Rekhi Gurpreet , Rapisarda Attilio , See Yuen-Mei , Rashid Nur Amirah Abdul , Ang Mei-San , Lee Sara-Ann , Sim Kang , Huang Hailiang , Lencz Todd , Lee Jimmy , Lam Max 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is widely utilized in schizophrenia research, variability in specific item loading exist, hindering reproducibility and generalizability of findings across schizophrenia samples. We aim to establish a common metric PANSS factor structure from a large multi-ethnic sample and validate it against a meta-analysis of existing PANSS models. Schizophrenia participants (N = 3511) included in the current study were part of the Singapore Translational and Clinical Research Program (STCRP) and the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials for Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify the factor structure of PANSS and validated with a meta-analysis (N = 16,171) of existing PANSS models. Temporal stability of the PANSS model and generalizability to individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis were evaluated. A five-factor solution best fit the PANSS data. These were the i) Positive, ii) Negative, iii) Cognitive/disorganization, iv) Depression/anxiety and v) Hostility factors. Convergence of PANSS symptom architecture between EFA model and meta-analysis was observed. Modest longitudinal reliability was observed. The schizophrenia derived PANSS factor model fit the UHR population, but not vice versa. We found that two other domains, Social Amotivation (SA) and Diminished Expression (DE), were nested within the negative symptoms factor. Here, we report one of the largest transethnic factorial structures of PANSS symptom domains (N = 19,682). Evidence reported here serves as crucial consolidation of a common metric PANSS that could aid in furthering our understanding of schizophrenia.
High prevalence of symptoms among Brazilian subjects with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: a nationwide household survey
Authors: Menezes Ana M B , Victora Cesar G , Hartwig Fernando P , Silveira Mariângela F , Horta Bernardo L , Barros Aluísio J D , Mesenburg Marilia A , Whermeister Fernando C , Pellanda Lúcia C , Dellagostin Odir A , Struchiner Cláudio José , Burattini Marcelo N , Barros Fernando C , Hallal Pedro C 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSince the beginning of the pandemic of COVID-19, there has been a widespread assumption that most infected persons are asymptomatic. A frequently-cited early study from China suggested that 86% of all infections were undocumented, which was used as indirect evidence that patients were asymptomatic.Using data from the most recent wave of the EPICOVID19 study, a nationwide household-based survey including 133 cities from all states of Brazil, we estimated the proportion of people with and without antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 who were asymptomatic, which symptoms were most frequently reported, the number of symptoms reported and the association between symptomatology and socio-demographic characteristics. We were able to test 33,205 subjects using a rapid antibody test that was previously validated. Information on symptoms was collected before participants received the test result. Out of 849 (2.7%) participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, only 12.1% (95%CI 10.1-14.5) reported no symptoms since the start of the pandemic, compared to 42.2% (95%CI 41.7-42.8) among those who tested negative. The largest difference between the two groups was observed for changes in smell or taste (56.5% versus 9.1%, a 6.2-fold difference). Symptoms change in smell or taste, fever and myalgia were most likely to predict positive test results as suggested by recursive partitioning tree analysis.Among individuals without any of these three symptoms (74.2% of the sample), only 0.8% tested positive, compared to 18.3% of those with both fever and changes in smell or taste. Most subjects with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil are symptomatic, even though most present only mild symptoms.
Optimal Closed-loop Deep Brain Stimulation with Multi-Contact Electrodes
Authors: Weerasinghe Gihan , Duchet Benoit , Bick Christian , Bogacz Rafal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment option for a variety of neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). It is widely believed that the efficacy, efficiency and side-effects of the treatment can be improved by stimulating ‘closed-loop’, according to the symptoms of a patient. Multi-contact electrodes powered by independent current sources are a recent development in DBS technology which allow for greater precision when targeting one or more pathological regions but, in order to realise the potential of such systems, algorithms must be developed to deal with their increased complexity. This motivates the need to understand how applying DBS to multiple regions (or neural populations) can affect the efficacy and efficiency of the treatment. On the basis of a theoretical model, our paper aims to address the question of how to best apply DBS to multiple neural populations to maximally desynchronise brain activity. Using a coupled oscillator model, we derive analytical expressions which predict how the symptom severity should change as a result of applying stimulation. On the basis of these expressions we derive an algorithm describing when the stimulation should be delivered to individual contacts. Remarkably, these expressions also allow us to determine the conditions for when stimulation using information from individual contacts is likely to be advantageous. Using numerical simulation, we demonstrate that our methods have the potential to be both more effective and efficient than existing methods found in the literature.
FAIRSCAPE: A Framework for FAIR and Reproducible Biomedical Analytics
Authors: Levinson Maxwell Adam , Niestroy Justin , Manir Sadnan Al , Fairchild Karen , Lake Douglas E. , Moorman J. Randall , Clark Timothy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResults of computational analyses require transparent disclosure of their supporting resources, while the analyses themselves often can be very large scale and involve multiple processing steps separated in time. Evidence for the correctness of any analysis should include not only a textual description, but also a formal record of the computations which produced the result, including accessible data and software with runtime parameters, environment, and personnel involved.This article describes FAIRSCAPE, a reusable computational framework, enabling simplified access to modern scalable cloud-based components. FAIRSCAPE fully implements the FAIR data principles and extends them to provide fully FAIR Evidence, including machine-interpretable provenance of datasets, software and computations, as metadata for all computed results.The FAIRSCAPE microservices framework creates a complete Evidence Graph for every computational result, including persistent identifiers with metadata, resolvable to the software, computations, and datasets used in the computation; and stores a URI to the root of the graph in the result’s metadata. An ontology for Evidence Graphs, EVI (https://w3id.org/EVI), supports inferential reasoning over the evidence.FAIRSCAPE can run nested or disjoint workflows and preserves provenance across them. It can run Apache Spark jobs, scripts, workflows, or user-supplied containers. All objects are assigned persistent IDs, including software. All results are annotated with FAIR metadata using the evidence graph model for access, validation, reproducibility, and re-use of archived data and software.
The contributions from the progenitor genomes of the mesopolyploid Brassiceae are evolutionarily distinct but functionally compatible
Authors: Hao Yue , Mabry Makenzie E. , Edger Patrick P. , Freeling Michael , Zheng Chunfang , Jin Lingling , VanBuren Robert , Colle Marivi , An Hong , Abrahams R. Shawn , Washburn Jacob D. , Qi Xinshuai , Barry Kerrie , Daum Christopher , Shu Shengqiang , Schmutz Jeremy , Sankoff David , Barker Michael S. , Lyons Eric , Pires J. Chris , Conant Gavin C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe members of the tribe Brassiceae share a whole genome triplication (WGT), and one proposed model for its formation is a “two-step” pair of hybridizations producing hexaploid descendants. However, evidence for this model is incomplete, and the evolutionary and functional constraints that drove evolution after the hexaploidy are even less understood. Here we report a new genome sequence ofCrambe hispanica, a species sister to most sequenced Brassiceae. Using this new genome and three others that share the hexaploidy, we traced the history of gene loss after the WGT using POInT (the Polyploidy Orthology Inference Tool). We confirm the two-step formation model and infer that there was a significant temporal gap between those two allopolyploidizations, with about a third of the gene losses from the first two subgenomes occurring prior to the arrival of the third. We also, for the 90,000 individual genes in our study, make parental “subgenome” assignments, inferring, with measured uncertainty, which of the progenitor genomes of the allohexaploidy each gene derives from. We further show that each subgenome has a statistically distinguishable rate of homoeolog losses. There is little indication of functional distinction between the three subgenomes: the individual subgenomes show no patterns of functional enrichment, no excess of shared protein-protein or metabolic interactions between their members, and no biases in their likelihood of having experienced a recent selective sweep. We propose a “mix and match” model of allopolyploidy, where subgenome origin drives homoeolog loss propensities but where genes from different subgenomes function together without difficulty.