bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional study of pigmented lesions of the head and neck in adults aged 40 years and above
Authors: Chiu Frank Po‐Chao , McLaren Dythea , Pool Louis , Shao Emily , De'Ambrosis Brian , Muir James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis of junctional and lentiginous naevi on sun‐damaged skin of the head and neck in adults has been questioned in the literature, with the implication that these lesions should be classified as melanoma in situ. This could result in the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of non‐malignant lesions. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of the histopathological diagnosis of pigmented lesions biopsied from the head and neck of adults ≥40 years of age that were submitted to a large, Queensland‐based pathology centre over seven months. Out of 543 lesions assessed, 293 (54.0%) were flat and 250 (46.0%) were raised. Flat naevi consisted of junctional/lentiginous and compound naevi, either with or without dysplasia. Collectively, flat naevi had a prevalence slightly less than that of melanoma (15.0% versus 19.0% among flat lesions, respectively, and 8.1% versus 11.2% among all lesions, respectively). The mean age of biopsy for all junctional/lentiginous naevi was significantly greater than that of all compound naevi (65.0 years versus 52.2 years; P = 0.001). Junctional/lentiginous naevi were significantly more associated with the neck than intradermal naevi (P < 0.001). In conclusion, benign, flat naevi account for a significant proportion of head and neck lesions in adults ≥40 years of age, and their location alone should not outweigh their histopathology when reaching a diagnosis.
Carbon footprint of dermatologic surgery
Authors: Tan Eugene , Lim David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHealthcare is a potent emitter of greenhouse gases amounting up to 7% of total estimated greenhouse gas emissions (CO2e) for Australia. Australia has one of the highest incidences of skin cancer in the world but there is a paucity of data on the ecological impact of skin cancer excision/dermatologic surgery. The authors reviewed the various impact inventories in order to perform a life cycle assessment of skin cancer excision. A total of 8641 tonnes of estimated CO2e are produced from dermatologic surgery annually in Australia (6751 tonnes from private clinical rooms and 1890 tonnes from hospitals) and the waste generated contributes significantly to terrestrial ecotoxicity and acidification of land and water. Various means can be carried out to reduce this impact, ranging from simple behavioural changes to larger, policy changes.
miRNA 146b mediates the regulation of nucleolar size and activity in polyploid megakaryocytes
Authors: Chattopadhyaya Saran , Banerjee Subrata 
Published: December 2020

Background InformationMegakaryocytes (MKs) follow a unique cell cycle duplication process, called endomitosis, resulting in polyploidisation of cells. It is hypothesised that polyploidy, as well as an increment in cytoplasm volume, allow more efficient platelets generation from MKs. Although polyploidy leads to an increase in the DNA amount, which impacts gene expression, little is known about ribosomal biogenesis in these polylobulated polyploid cells.ResultsThe nucleolus acts as a hub for ribosomal biogenesis, which in turn governs the protein synthesis rate of the cells. We therefore estimated the size and activity of the nucleolus in polyploid cells during megakaryopoiesis in vitro. Polyploid megakaryocytic cell lines and in vitro cultured MKs, which were obtained from human cord blood‐derived CD 34+ cells, revealed that miRNA 146b regulated the activity of nucleolar and coiled‐body phosphoprotein 1, which plays an integral role in determining nucleolar size and activity. Additionally, miRNA‐146b was up‐regulated during endomitosis and was found to promote megakaryopoiesis.ConclusionWe propose that miRNA 146b regulates not only nucleolar size and activity, but also megakaryopoiesis.SignificanceThis study highlights the importance of nucleolar activity and miRNA in the progression of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
Lifetime depressive and current social anxiety are associated with problematic internet use in adolescents with ADHD: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Demirtaş Ozgur Onder , Alnak Alper , Coşkun Murat 
Published: December 2020

AimTo evaluate the relationships between problematic internet use (PIU) and psychiatric comorbid disorders and internet use habits in a clinical sample of adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodThis cross‐sectional study included 95 adolescents with ADHD. Problematic behaviors and symptoms related to internet use were evaluated via Young’s Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), and subjects with a YIAS score of ≥50 were categorized as PIU while those with a score of <50 were defined as normal internet use (NIU). The two groups were compared with respect to demographics and psychometric tests. While psychiatric disorders were examined by a semistructured instrument, self‐report and parent‐report scales were used to assess other individual and clinical characteristics of participants.Results33.7% (n = 32) of the participants were determined to have PIU. There was no gender (p = .058) or age (p = .426) difference between the PIU and NIU groups. Current presence of social phobia (p = .035) and history of major depressive disorder (p = .006) were more frequent in the PIU group than the NIU group. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that PIU was independently associated with online gaming (OR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.532–3.681), e‐mail use (OR: 1.864, 95% CI: 1.170–2.971), social networking (OR: 1.834, 95% CI: 1.156–2.910), and Social Phobia Scale for Children and Adolescents (SPSCA) score (OR: 1.058, 95% CI: 1.020–1.098).ConclusionPIU may be common among adolescents with ADHD. The severity of social phobia and particular online activities (playing online games, e‐mailing, social networking) may be associated with a higher risk of PIU in adolescents with ADHD.
A review of the effects and molecular mechanisms of dimethylcurcumin (ASC‐J9) on androgen receptor‐related diseases
Authors: Hu Hang , Zhou Huan , Xu Defeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDimethylcurcumin (ASC‐J9) is a curcumin analogue capable of inhibiting prostate cancer cell proliferation. The mechanism is associated with the unique role of ASC‐J9 in enhancing androgen receptor (AR) degradation. So far, ASC‐J9 has been investigated in typical AR‐associated diseases such as prostate cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy, bladder cancer, renal diseases, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cutaneous wound, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, ovarian cancer and melanoma, exhibiting great potentials in disease control. In this review, the effects and molecular mechanisms of ASC‐J9 on various AR‐associated diseases are summarized. Importantly, the effects of ASC‐J9 and AR antagonists enzalutamide/bicalutamide on prostate cancer are compared in detail and crucial differences are highlighted. At last, the pharmacological effects of ASC‐J9 are summarized and the future applications of ASC‐J9 in AR‐associated disease control are discussed.
Occupational exposure to nickel, cobalt, and chromium in the Lithuanian hard metal industry
Authors: Linauskiene Kotryna , Dahlin Jacob , Ezerinskis Zilvinas , Isaksson Marléne , Sapolaite Justina , Malinauskiene Laura 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetalworkers are said to have heavy exposure to metals, but the amount of released metal ions from alloys and deposition on the hands is unknown.ObjectiveTo analyze nickel, cobalt, and chromium in vitro release to the artificial sweat from nails and wire made of different alloys, and to test metal deposition on the fingers of metalworkers.Material and MethodsSix different samples of nails and wire were kept in artificial sweat for 24 hours and one week, respectively. The metal release was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Eighty‐eight consecutive metal plant workers immersed their index fingers and thumbs in separate laboratory tubes filled with deionized water for 2 minutes. The sample analysis for metals was carried out with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS).ResultsThe average released concentration of Ni was 0.0012 μg/cm2, for Co it was 0.0007 μg/cm2, and for Cr 0.0037 μg/cm2 after 24 hours and 0.0135, 0.0029, and 0.0042 μg/cm2, respectively, after 1 week. There was a statistically significant increase in released concentration of Ni during one week: 0.0012 μg/cm2 vs 0.0135 μg/cm2 (P = .04). Medians of the detected Co amount on fingers reflected a statistically significant difference between workplaces: 0.004 μg/cm2 for metalworkers vs 0.001 μg/cm2 for office staff (P = .04).ConclusionNickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and chromium (Cr) can be released in different concentrations from nails and wire. Detected Ni and Cr levels can elicit dermatitis in already sensitized patients. Co can be extracted from alloys even if not mentioned on material safety data sheets. The finger immersion technique was used for cobalt and chromium detection on fingers for the first time.
Determination of the minimal important difference for Dyspnoea‐12 questionnaire in patients with COPD, after pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Beaumont Marc , Le Garrec Mélanie , Péran Loic , Berriet Anne‐Cécile , Le Ber Catherine , Pichon Romain , Cabillic Michel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe authors of the international task force about the management of Dyspnoea recommend assessing sensory and affective components of dyspnoea. The Dyspnoea‐12 questionnaire (D‐12) allows to assess both components of dyspnoea. D‐12 is valid and reliable but its sensitivity to pulmonary rehabilitation was not studied. The aim of this study was to estimate the minimal important difference (MID) for D‐12 in COPD patients undergoing a pulmonary rehabilitation programme (PRP).MethodsSevere or very severe COPD patients undergoing a PRP were included. Dyspnoea was assessed using D‐12, MMRC dyspnoea scale, London chest of Activity of Daily Living questionnaire (LCADL). Quality of life was assessed using Saint‐George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) and COPD assessment Test (CAT); exercise capacity using 6‐Minute walk Test (6MWT) and 1‐minute sit to‐stand test (1STST). The MID was evaluated using distribution and anchor‐based methods.ResultsSixty patients (age: 64.4 ± 8.2; FEV1 (%): 28.6 ± 8.1) were included. At the end of the PRP, patients had significantly decreased their dyspnoea measured with D‐12, MMRC, LCADL (D‐12:23.9 ± 8.9 to 17.6 ± 9.4; MMRC: 3 ± 0.7 to 2.2 ± 1.1, LCADL: 38 ± 13.9 to 31.6 ± 11; p < 0.0001). Using the distribution‐based analysis, MID of −2.67 (standard error of measurement) or −4.45 (standard deviation) was found. According to methodology, we could only use SGRQ as anchor. With SGRQ as anchor, the receiver operating characteristic curve identified MID for the change in D‐12 at −6.1 (sensibility: 58%, specificity: 79%). The correlation with SGRQ was modest (r = 0.33), so the calculated MID should be interpreted with caution.ConclusionD‐12 is a good tool to assess the decrease of dyspnoea after PR. We propose MID of −6 points. However, Future estimates of MID for the D‐12 should use anchors that are more strongly correlated with it.
Pharmacokinetics of Sugammadex Dosed by Actual and Ideal Body Weight in Patients With Morbid Obesity Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Mostoller Kate , Wrishko Rebecca , Maganti Lata , Herring W. Joseph , van Zutphen‐van Geffen Mariëlle 
Published: December 2020

This analysis of a published study (NCT03346070) evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of sugammadex dosed by actual body weight (ABW) or ideal body weight (IBW) for reversal of moderate or deep neuromuscular block (M‐NMB or D‐NMB) in adults with morbid obesity. Adults with body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2, ABW ≥ 100 kg, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class 3 were stratified by NMB agent (rocuronium or vecuronium) and randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to (i) M‐NMB, sugammadex 2 mg/kg ABW; (ii) M‐NMB, sugammadex 2 mg/kg IBW; (iii) M‐NMB, neostigmine 5 mg + glycopyrrolate 1 mg; (iv) D‐NMB, sugammadex 4 mg/kg ABW; and (v) D‐NMB, sugammadex 4 mg/kg IBW. Plasma samples for sugammadex quantification were collected predose, 2, 5, 15, 60, and 120 minutes, and 4, 6 hours postdose. Natural log PK parameters were analyzed using linear fixed effect model with treatment, mode (ABW and IBW), and mode by treatment interaction as fixed terms. The sugammadex PK profile showed rapid distribution followed by monophasic decline consistent with a two‐compartment model examined by dose and mode. Absolute sugammadex exposures were ~ 50% higher in the ABW vs. IBW group; dose‐independent parameters (clearance and volume of distribution) and terminal half‐life remained constant. Sugammadex PK parameter values increased in dose‐dependent, linear manner following dosing by ABW or IBW, such that PK continues to be predictive across the clinical dose range. In conjunction with previously published results showing faster recovery with ABW vs. IBW dosing across NMB agent and depth of NMB, these PK findings continue to support dosing by ABW in patients with morbid obesity irrespective of depth of NMB.
A Randomized Phase I Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Erwinia Asparaginase (JZP‐458) in Healthy Adult Volunteers
Authors: Lin Tong , Hernandez‐Illas Martha , Rey Andres , Jenkins Jack , Chandula Reddy , Silverman Jeffrey A. , Choi Mi Rim 
Published: December 2020

L‐asparaginase has been an important component of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy for over 40 years, and is standard therapy during ALL induction and consolidation treatment. L‐asparaginases are immunogenic and can induce hypersensitivity reactions; inability to receive asparaginase has been associated with poor patient outcomes. There are L‐asparaginases of varied bacterial origins, with the most commonly used being Escherichia coli (E. coli); therefore, to ensure that patients who develop hypersensitivity to E. coli‐derived asparaginases receive an adequate therapeutic course, alternative preparations are warranted. JZP‐458 is a recombinant Erwinia asparaginase produced using a novel Pseudomonas fluorescens expression platform that yields an enzyme with no immunologic cross‐reactivity to E. coli‐derived asparaginases. To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single dose of JZP‐458, a randomized, single‐center, open‐label, phase I study was conducted with JZP‐458 given via i.m. injection or i.v. infusion to healthy adult volunteers. At the highest doses tested for each route of administration (i.e., 25 mg/m2 i.m. and 37.5 mg/m2 i.v.), JZP‐458 achieved serum asparaginase activity (SAA) levels ≥ 0.1 IU/mL at 72 hours postdose for 100% of volunteers. Bioavailability for i.m. JZP‐458 was estimated at 36.8% based on SAA data. All dose levels were well‐tolerated, with no unanticipated adverse events (AEs), no serious AEs, and no grade 3 or higher AEs. Based on PK and safety data, the recommended JZP‐458 starting dose for the pivotal phase II/III study in adult and pediatric patients is 25 mg/m2 i.m. and 37.5 mg/m2 i.v. on a Monday/Wednesday/Friday dosing schedule.
Efficacy and safety of the pregnancy‐IVI, an intravenous insulin protocol for pregnancy, following antenatal betamethasone in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rowe Christopher W. , Watkins Brendan , Brown Karina , Delbridge Matthew , Addley Jordan , Woods Andrew , Wynne Katie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsHyperglycaemia following antenatal corticosteroids is common in women with diabetes in pregnancy, and validated algorithms to maintain pregnancy‐specific glucose targets are lacking. The Pregnancy‐IVI, an intravenous‐insulin (IVI) algorithm, has been validated in gestational diabetes; however, its performance in pre‐existing diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes) is not known. We hypothesised that Pregnancy‐IVI would be superior to a generic Adult‐IVI protocol (prior standard of care) following betamethasone in women with pre‐existing diabetes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study enrolled all women with pre‐existing diabetes at a tertiary centre receiving betamethasone and treated with IVI according to one of two protocols: Adult‐IVI (n = 73, 2014–2017) or Pregnancy‐IVI (n = 62, 2017–2020). The primary outcome was on‐IVI glycaemic time‐in‐range (capillary blood glucose (BGL) 3.8–7.0 mmol/L). Secondary outcomes included time with critical hyperglycaemia (BGL > 10 mmol/L); occurrence of maternal hypoglycaemia (BGL < 3.8 mmol/l) and incidence of neonatal hypoglycaemia (BGL ≤ 2.5 mmol/L). Analysis was stratified by diabetes type.ResultsOverall, Pregnancy‐IVI achieved a higher proportion of on‐IVI time‐in‐range (70%, IQR 56–78%) compared to Adult‐IVI (52%, IQR 41–69%, p < 0.0001). The duration of critical hyperglycaemia with Pregnancy‐IVI was also reduced (2% [IQR 0–7] vs 8% [IQR 4–17], p < 0.0001), without an increase in hypoglycaemia. Glycaemic variability was significantly reduced with Pregnancy‐IVI. No difference in the rate of neonatal hypoglycaemia was observed. The Pregnancy‐IVI was most effective in women with Type 1 diabetes.ConclusionThe Pregnancy‐IVI algorithm is safe and effective when used following betamethasone in type 1 diabetes in pregnancy. Further study of women with type 2 diabetes is required.
Role of myocardial strain imaging in surveillance and management of cancer therapeutics‐related cardiac dysfunction: A systematic review
Authors: McGregor Pei‐Chun , Moura Filipe A. , Banchs Jose , Aragam Jayashri R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransthoracic echocardiography is the primary cardiac imaging modality for the detection of Cancer Therapeutics‐Related Cardiac Dysfunction (CTRCD) through evaluation of serial changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, LVEF assessment by standard methods including 3D Echo has important limitations including the fact that reduction in LVEF occurs late in the process of CTRCD. In contrast, by detecting early myocardial change, myocardial strain or deformation imaging has evolved to be a preferred parameter for detecting CTRCD. Peak systolic global longitudinal strain (GLS) by speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE) has become an important prechemotherapy parameter that can independently predict subsequent adverse cardiac events as these abnormalities typically precede reduction in LVEF. While an absolute GLS measurement may be informative, a 10%‐15% early reduction in GLS by STE appears to be the most useful prognosticator for cardiotoxicity while on therapy. In this paper, we present a current systematic literature review of application of myocardial strain imaging in cancer patients performed following PRISMA guidelines using electronic databases from MEDLINE, Embase, and SCOPUS Library from their inception until June 11th 2020. This review demonstrates the incremental value of myocardial deformation imaging over traditional LVEF in detection and its clinical implication in management of CTRCD.
Links between paternal life history and offspring metabolic rate and body size during early life in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiaki , Kitanishi Shigeru , Sato Masato , Yagisawa Masaru , Kishi Daisuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOffspring growth is greatly influenced by both the maternal and paternal genotypes. However, although the effects of maternal genotype on offspring growth are recognised widely, ecological studies of the paternal genotype have not focused on the links with physiological traits, especially at the embryo stage. In this study, we conducted three experiments to determine the effects of two contrasting paternal life history traits (anadromous males, which return to their natal rivers for spawning after migrating to the sea, and resident males, which mature in rivers without migrating to the sea) on offspring growth during early life based on the metabolic rate in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou. In the first experiment, metabolic rates of fertilised eggs were compared between 24 half‐sibships. Results suggested that the metabolic rate of embryos was higher for the offspring of resident males than of anadromous males. In the second experiment, the body sizes of 133 half‐sibships at the yolk‐sac absorption stage were compared. The offspring from the resident males were larger, which could be related to metabolic rate differences at the embryo stage associated with paternal life history. In the third experiment, the differences in body size observed at the yolk‐sac absorption stage were positively correlated with growth after 60 days of fry rearing. Our findings, taken together with previous demonstrations that faster‐growing males tend to become younger resident males, are thus consistent with early growth and associated traits, such as metabolic rate, being heritable from the male parent to the offspring.
Assessing the success of conservation efforts for a North American topminnow at risk of extinction from spatially variable mosquitofish invasions
Authors: Ennen Joshua R. , Kuhajda Bernard R. , Fix Shawna , Sweat Sarah C. , Zuber Brianna , Watts Allison V. , Mattingly Hayden T. , Cecala Kristen K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Invasive species can cause population declines and extinctions of native species through several mechanisms including predation and competition. One such species, western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), is an invasive, aggressive predator and competitor of numerous freshwater species around the world that has caused precipitous declines of native species.

The Barrens topminnow (Fundulus julisia) is a spring‐endemic fish of the south‐eastern U.S.A., and the western mosquitofish limits its recruitment via predation of smaller individuals but there is also potential for competition (i.e. interference competition) between the species in laboratory trials. All of these negative interactions probably contribute to the Barrens topminnow's precipitous decline since the 1980s and the listing of the species as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in late 2019. Ongoing conservation measures for Barrens topminnow include long‐term monitoring of populations and reintroductions through stocking of hatchery‐reared individuals into numerous sites.

Here, we investigate trends in Barrens topminnow and western mosquitofish occupancy and abundance over an 8‐year period (three or four generations for Barrens topminnow) and assess the effectiveness of a stocking programme. We also included habitat covariates including distance to the nearest downstream confluence, stream order, and habitat size.

Our findings revealed significant range‐wide Barrens topminnow declines in both occupancy and abundance were occurring over the 8‐year period. These declines were associated with the presence of western mosquitofish. Overall, the stocking programme of hatchery‐reared individuals did not significantly enhance or restore populations of Barrens topminnow but had a negative effect on topminnow abundance when western mosquitofish were present.

The lack of a positive effect of stocking hatchery‐reared individuals on Barrens topminnow populations and the long‐term population declines of Barrens topminnow suggest that propagation and stocking alone are not effective at creating self‐sustaining populations of the Barrens topminnow. The presence of western mosquitofish does not currently appear to be compatible with long‐term persistence of topminnow populations. Moving forward, conservation strategies will be needed to create and maintain mosquitofish‐free habitats, which may include eradication of mosquitofish, construction of barriers, or other actions.