bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel Axin2 knock‐in mouse model for visualization and lineage tracing of WNT/CTNNB1 responsive cells
Authors: van de Moosdijk Anoeska Agatha Alida , van de Grift Yorick Bernardus Cornelis , de Man Saskia Madelon Ada , Zeeman Amber Lisanne , van Amerongen Renée 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWnt signal transduction controls tissue morphogenesis, maintenance and regeneration in all multicellular animals. In mammals, the WNT/CTNNB1 (Wnt/β‐catenin) pathway controls cell proliferation and cell fate decisions before and after birth. It plays a critical role at multiple stages of embryonic development, but also governs stem cell maintenance and homeostasis in adult tissues. However, it remains challenging to monitor endogenous WNT/CTNNB1 signaling dynamics in vivo. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a new knock‐in mouse strain that doubles as a fluorescent reporter and lineage tracing driver for WNT/CTNNB1 responsive cells. We introduced a multi‐cistronic targeting cassette at the 3′ end of the universal WNT/CTNNB1 target gene Axin2. The resulting knock‐in allele expresses a bright fluorescent reporter (3xNLS‐SGFP2) and a doxycycline‐inducible driver for lineage tracing (rtTA3). We show that the Axin2P2A‐rtTA3‐T2A‐3xNLS‐SGFP2 strain labels WNT/CTNNB1 responsive cells at multiple anatomical sites during different stages of embryonic and postnatal development. It faithfully reports the subtle and dynamic changes in physiological WNT/CTNNB1 signaling activity that occur in vivo. We expect this mouse strain to be a useful resource for biologists who want to track and trace the location and developmental fate of WNT/CTNNB1 responsive stem cells in different contexts.
Wolbachia have made it twice: Hybrid introgression between two sister species of Eurema butterflies
Authors: N. Miyata Mai , Nomura Masashi , Kageyama Daisuke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWolbachia, cytoplasmically inherited endosymbionts of arthropods, are known to hijack their host reproduction in various ways to increase their own vertical transmission. This may lead to the selective sweep of associated mitochondria, which can have a large impact on the evolution of mitochondrial lineages. In Japan, two different Wolbacahia strains (wCI and wFem) are found in two sister species of pierid butterflies, Eurema mandarina and Eurema hecabe. In both species, females infected with wCI (C females) produce offspring with a nearly 1:1 sex ratio, while females infected with both wCI and wFem (CF females) produce all‐female offspring. Previous studies have suggested the historical occurrence of hybrid introgression in C individuals between the two species. Furthermore, hybrid introgression in CF individuals is suggested by the distinct mitochondrial lineages between C females and CF females of E. mandarina. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA markers of E. hecabe with previously published data on E. mandarina. We found that the nuclear DNA of this species significantly diverged from that of E. mandarina. By contrast, mitochondrial DNA haplotypes comprised two clades, mostly reflecting Wolbachia infection status rather than the individual species. Collectively, our results support the previously suggested occurrence of two independent historical events wherein the cytoplasms of CF females and C females moved between E. hecabe and E. mandarina through hybrid introgression.
Giant cell myocarditis in an older patient – reassessing the threshold for endomyocardial biopsy
Authors: Dusík Milan , Daud Anees , Šmíd Ondřej , Havránek Štěpán , Vítková Ivana , Revelo Monica Patricia , Stehlik Josef , Linhart Aleš , Bělohlávek Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGiant cell myocarditis is a rare form of autoimmune myocarditis with high morbidity and mortality that affects mainly middle‐aged adults. We report a case study of a 70‐year‐old man on chronic immunosuppression who presented with sustained ventricular tachycardia and symptoms of acute systolic heart failure, both with poor response to standard measures. A decision to pursue endomyocardial biopsy established the diagnosis of GCM and lead to initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and a favourable outcome. Our case illustrates that a low threshold for endomyocardial biopsy in new onset heart failure can lead to actionable information even in patients of advanced age.
Optimization of athletic pasta formulation by D‐optimal mixture design
Authors: Kamali Rousta Leila , Ghandehari Yazdi Amir Pouya , Amini Mahdi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to produce an athletic pasta by the addition of various sources of protein. For this purpose, D‐optimal mixture design used for optimization of formulation of athletic pasta and protein with considering the hardness as main parameter. Various properties of the optimized formulation were evaluated. The optimal formulation contained 45.41% of semolina, 24% of pea protein isolate (PPI), 18% of oat flour (OF), 5% of soy protein isolate (SPI), 5% whey protein isolate (WPI), and 2% of gluten (G). In optimized formulation, the protein content increased by more than 2.9 times compared to control with the hardness in the range (569 g). Hardness, optimal cooking time, and cooking loss of products increased as the level of protein increased. The optimal formulation had a higher sensory acceptance than the control, which is probably related to color changes. Due to the amount and biological value of the proteins used and the high acceptance obtained, this formulation can be suggested for athletes. The obtained results indicated that production of athletic pasta with high biological value by using mixture of SPI, PPI, WPI, OF, and G is possible.
Tightening the retinal glia limitans attenuates neuroinflammation after optic nerve injury
Authors: Lefevere Evy , Salinas‐Navarro Manuel , Andries Lien , Noterdaeme Lut , Etienne Isabelle , Van Wonterghem Elien , Vinckier Stefan , Davis Benjamin M. , Van Bergen Tine , Van Hove Inge , Movahedi Kiavash , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. , Moons Lieve , De Groef Lies 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that functional impairments at the level of the neurovascular unit (NVU) underlie many neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. While being part of the NVU, astrocytes have been largely overlooked in this context and only recently, tightening of the glia limitans has been put forward as an important neuroprotective response to limit these injurious processes. In this study, using the retina as a central nervous system (CNS) model organ, we investigated the structure and function of the glia limitans, and reveal that the blood–retina barrier and glia limitans function as a coordinated double barrier to limit infiltration of leukocytes and immune molecules. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for a protective response at the NVU upon CNS injury, which evokes inflammation‐induced glia limitans tightening. Matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) was found to be a crucial regulator of this process, thereby revealing its beneficial and immunomodulatory role in the CNS. in vivo experiments in which MMP‐3 activity was deleted via genetic and pharmacological approaches, combined with a comprehensive study of tight junction molecules, glial end feet markers, myeloid cell infiltration, cytokine expression and neurodegeneration, show that MMP‐3 attenuates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by tightening the glia limitans, thereby pointing to a prominent role of MMP‐3 in preserving the integrity of the NVU upon injury. Finally, we gathered promising evidence to suggest that IL1b, which is also regulated by MMP‐3, is at least one of the molecular messengers that induces glia limitans tightening in the injured CNS.
Seeing is believing? When scanning electron microscopy (SEM) meets clinical dentistry: The replica technique.
Authors: Naves Lucas Zago , Gerdolle David‐Alain , de Andrade Oswaldo Scopin , Markus Maria Gresnigt Marco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn restorative dentistry, the in situ replication of intra‐oral situations, is based on a non‐invasive and non‐destructive scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation method. The technique is suitable for investigation restorative materials and dental hard‐ and soft‐tissues, and its interfaces. Surface characteristics, integrity of interfaces (margins), or fracture analysis (chipping, cracks, etc.) with reliable resolution and under high magnification (from ×50 to ×5,000). Overall the current study aims to share detailed and reproducible information about the replica technique. Specific goals are: (a) to describe detailed each step involved in producing a replica of an intra‐oral situation, (b) to validate an integrated workflow based on a rational sequence from visual examination, to macrophotography and SEM analysis using the replica technique; (c) to present three clinical cases documented using the technique. A compilation of three clinical situations/cases were analyzed here by means the replica technique showing a wide range of possibilities that can be reached and explored with the described technique. This guidance document will contribute to a more accurate use of the replica technique and help researchers and clinicians to understand and identify issues related to restorative procedures under high magnification.
Restoration Potential of Bighorn Sheep in a Prairie Region
Authors: Devoe Jesse D. , Lowrey Blake , Proffitt Kelly M. , Garrott Robert A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTEfforts to recover Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) throughout western North America have had limited success with the majority of current populations remaining in small and isolated areas on a fraction of their historical range. Prairie environments with rugged topography throughout the Northern Great Plains ecoregion were historically occupied by relatively robust bighorn sheep populations. We predicted there is likely unrealized potential habitat for restoring bighorn sheep to these areas; however, relatively little attention has been devoted to identifying habitat in unoccupied prairie regions. We used global positioning system (GPS)‐collar data collected from 43 female bighorn sheep in 2 populations located in the eastern Montana, USA, portion of the Northern Great Plains during 2014–2018 to estimate a population‐level annual resource selection model and identify the important factors affecting bighorn sheep resource selection. We extrapolated model predictions across eastern Montana's prairie region and identified potential habitat to understand restoration potential and assist with future translocations of bighorn sheep. Resource selection of bighorn sheep was most strongly associated with terrain slope and ruggedness, tree canopy cover, and a normalized difference vegetation index metric. Within currently unoccupied areas of the historical range, the model extrapolation predicted 7,211 km2 of habitat, with most owned and managed by private landowners (44%), Bureau of Land Management (33%), and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (15%). Our results provide an empirical evaluation of landscape covariates influencing resource selection of bighorn sheep occupying prairie environments and provide a habitat model that may be generalizable to other areas in the Northern Great Plains ecoregion. We demonstrate substantial potential for restoration opportunities of bighorn sheep in the Northern Great Plains ecoregion. Broad restoration of bighorn sheep across the ecoregion would likely require strong collaboration among and between public resource managers, private landowners, and livestock producers given the heterogeneous land ownership patterns, management strategies, and domestic sheep distributions. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
A meta‐analysis of primary productivity and rain use efficiency in terrestrial grassland ecosystems
Authors: Yang Zhongling , Collins Scott L. , Bixby Rebecca J. , Song Hongquan , Wang Dong , Xiao Rui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of annual net primary productivity (ANPP) and rain‐use efficiency (RUE) along precipitation gradients is critial for grassland conservation under climate change. However, how ANPP and RUE respond to changes in precipitation at different spatial and temporal scales remains uncertain. The aim of this research was to clarify these things. Using data from 21 field experiments, with an average sampling period of 14.3 years in 32 sites, 18 of which are in China, we evaluated the relationship of mean annual precipitation (MAP) with ANPP and RUE across spatial and temporal scales in grassland ecosystems. Our study showed different degrees of sensitivity of ANPP and RUE to changing precipitation spatially and temporally. First, analysis supports the well‐known positive linear relationship between ANPP and MAP. Second, we found that ANPP increases with increasing precipitation regardless of the actual precipitation amount of the study sites, whereas ANPP increased 0.2 g m−2 more than it declined per 1 mm change in precipitation. Third, RUE increased with increasing MAP across sites, whereas RUE generally decreased with annual precipitation within most sites. Finally, the temporal variation in RUE within sites is lower than the overall spatial pattern of variation across sites. The lack of consistency in ANPP and RUE among years and across sites in response to interannual variation in precipitation indicates the complexity of ecological indicators characterizing precipitation changes. These findings highlight the prevalence of site‐specific variation in precipitation‐ANPP relationships.
Amino acid profile, pasting, and sensory properties of croissant snacks produced from wheat‐fermented Bambara flour
Authors: Arise Abimbola K. , Taiwo Ganiyat O. , Malomo Sunday A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCroissants are wheat flour‐based delicious bakery products that are usually consumed as part of breakfast or lunch meals. In this study, fermented bambara groundnut was used to supplement wheat flour in the following ratios (5:95%; 10:90%; 15:85%; 20:80%, and 25:75%, respectively) to produce croissant snacks. The results of the functional properties of the flour blends revealed an increase in water absorption capacity (81–92%) and bulk densities (0.81–1.20 g/cm3) with an increased added ratio of fermented Bambara flour. Contrarily, increasing the Bambara groundnut in the blend resulted in the decreased oil absorption capacity (70–63%) and the swelling capacity (0.75–0.4%). The pasting characteristics data revealed an increase in pasting temperature and setback viscosity and a decrease in peak, breakdown, and final viscosities, as well as trough and peak time with an increase in the addition of fermented Bambara flour. Proximate composition of the croissant showed an increase in protein, fiber, ash, moisture, and fat content and a decrease in carbohydrate content. Physical properties data showed an increase in loaf weight but a decrease in loaf volume and specific volume of the snacks. The amino acid profile showed an increase in the amount of essential amino acids in the enriched croissants (28.66/100 g protein) compared with the control sample (24.05/100 g protein). The sensory attributes obtained for the croissants showed that the products were highly acceptable by the panelists. Hence, the affirmation that the acceptable quality and high nutritional croissants could be produced from wheat‐fermented Bambara groundnut flour blends.
Navigating telemedicine for facial trauma during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Said Mena , Ngo Victoria , Hwang Joshua , Hom David B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImportanceThe COVID‐19 pandemic is changing how health care providers practice. As some telemedicine and telecommunication support tools have been incorporated into the otolaryngology practice in response to safety and access demands, it is essential to review how these tools and services can help facilitate facial trauma evaluation during a time when clinical resources are limited.ObjectiveTo review applications of telemedicine for the evaluation of facial trauma to better direct utilization of these methods and technologies during times of limited access to clinical resources such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.ResultsAfter screening 158 titles and abstracts, we identified 16 eligible studies involving facial trauma evaluation using telemedicine. Telemedicine opportunities for facial trauma evaluation have the potential to be developed in the areas of multidisciplinary remote consultations, facial trauma triage, patient engagement, and postoperative follow‐up.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic is posing obstacles for both providers and patients in the delivery of health care at a time of limited clinical resources. Telemedicine may provide a potential useful tool in the evaluation and triage of facial injuries and patient engagement.
Systematic Optimization of the iMALDI Workflow for the Robust and Straightforward Quantification of Signaling Proteins in Cancer Cells
Authors: Froehlich Bjoern C. , Popp Robert , Sobsey Constance A. , Ibrahim Sahar , LeBlanc Andre M. , Mohammed Yassene , Aguilar‐Mahecha Adriana , Poetz Oliver , Chen Michael X. , Spatz Alan , Basik Mark , Batist Gerald , Zahedi René P. , Borchers Christoph H. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeImmuno‐MALDI (iMALDI) combines immuno‐enrichment of biomarkers with MALDI‐MS for fast, precise, and specific quantitation, making it a valuable tool for developing clinical assays. iMALDI assays are optimized for the PI3‐kinase signaling pathway members phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and PI3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (p110α), with regard to sensitivity, robustness, and throughput. A standardized template for developing future iMALDI assays, including automation protocols to streamline assay development and translation, is provided.Experimental DesignConditions for tryptic digestion and immuno‐enrichment (beads, bead:antibody ratios, incubation times, direct vs. indirect immuno‐enrichment) are rigorously tested. Different strategies for calibration and data readout are compared.ResultsDigestion using 1:2 protein:trypsin (wt:wt) for 1 h yielded high and consistent peptide recoveries. Direct immuno‐enrichment (antibody‐bead coupling prior to antigen‐enrichment) yielded 30% higher peptide recovery with a 1 h shorter incubation time than indirect enrichment. Immuno‐enrichment incubation overnight yielded 1.5‐fold higher sensitivities than 1 h incubation. Quantitation of the endogenous target proteins is not affected by the complexity of the calibration matrix, further simplifying the workflow.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis optimized and automated workflow will facilitate the clinical translation of high‐throughput sensitive iMALDI assays for quantifying cell‐signaling proteins in individual tumor samples, thereby improving patient stratification for targeted treatment.
Photoelectrical and Photodegradation Characteristics Using Zirconyl Oxychloride as an Efficient Catalyst in Various Forms: A Comparison Study
Authors: Farag A. A. M. , Hussien Mai S. A. , Roushdy N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present work, zirconyl oxychloride (ZOC) thin films were prepared by using the thermal evaporation technique under a vacuum of 5×10−6 Torr. The surface and crystalline investigation of the prepared films were done by using a scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction technique. The optical absorption coefficient was evaluated to find the type of transition which is indirectly allowed with an energy gap value of 3.45 eV. The photoresponse characteristics of the In/ZOC/In and Cu/ZOC/In diodes were examined by transient photocurrent measurements. Besides, ZOC, In/ZOC/In and Cu/ZOC/In was also used as a photocatalyst for an LBR textile dye removal under various conditions. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous LBR dye with the prepared catalysts was investigated under UV‐light irradiation. The results confirmed that Cu/ZOC/In photocatalyst is superior over the known photocatalyst and has high stability and reusability.
Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Multicomponent‐Encapsulating Alginate Microparticles: Peanut‐, Spherical‐, and Disc‐Shaped Transformations
Authors: Bai Meng‐Yi , Wang Ting‐Teng , Chen Shiu‐Hsin , Wang Yu‐Chi , Yu Mu‐Hsien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMulticomponent‐encapsulating alginate microparticles were prepared using an electrospray system. The resultant particles were subject to stirring (varied from 0–1000 rpm) and cross‐linking processes with various concentrations of calcium chloride (varied from 2–16 wt %). We determined that a balance should be maintained between the stirring rate (related to the shear force) and cross‐linking degree (related to the hardness of the particle) to reach the shape control. The shape of the particle can be varied from a peanut shape to a disc shape, with up to 95.43 %±1.84 % monodispersed shape distribution. A microparticle drug encapsulation efficiency of 98 % was achieved, and the cell toxicity effect of reduction of 20–40 % growth toward ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV‐3 and CP70 by using the disk‐shape microparticle‐treated group was achieved, which is similar to that of 1/3 freeform dosage treatment group. Hyperthermia can be incorporated and integrated with chemotherapeutic treatment by applying an alternating magnetic field to multicomponent‐encapsulated alginate microparticles to further enhance the efficacy of treatment. The results of this study indicate that alginate particles can be used as drug carriers for ovarian cancer treatment and potentially for treatment of intraperitoneal metastatic carcinoma via spraying these disk‐shaped microparticles for internal lining attachment.
Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction on Pd‐Ni(OH)2 Composite Electrocatalysts in an Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Zhao Yawen , Wang Gongwei , Xiao Li , Lu Juntao , Zhuang Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExploring the mechanism of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media is essential for the development of alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs). In this work, a series of Pd−Ni(OH)2 composites with different Pd/Ni atomic ratios (Pd : Ni=1:0 (without Ni addition), 7 : 1, 5 : 1, 3 : 1, 1 : 1) have been synthesized via wet chemical reduction method, and their corresponding HOR activities have been systematically evaluated with rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique. A good linear relationship between the HOR activities (described as the mass activity and exchange current density) and the surface oxophilicities (assessed by the oxidation current at 0.3 V vs. RHE in CO stripping voltammetry) is observed, indicating a bifunctional mechanism for HOR. The present study offers a direction for further improving the activity of Pd‐based HOR electrocatalyst.
Synthesis of Hydrophilic Aromatic Polyesteramide Porous Bodies Having Controlled Structures and Characteristics from Submicron‐Sized Particles
Authors: Yoshioka Yayoi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCrosslinked aromatic polyesteramide porous bodies with hydroxyl and amino groups are prepared by reacting m‐phthalyl chloride and 4,4′‐diamino‐3,3′‐dihydroxybiphenyl in acetone solutions containing pyridine and water via a one‐step precipitation polymerization method. These materials show meso and macroporous structures in which spherical particles with average diameters of 60–160 nm are aggregated and bonded. The pore diameter, particle diameter, copolymerization ratio, concentrations of functional groups, and degree of crystallinity depend on the proportions of water and pyridine in the reaction mixture. Pyridine accelerates both the esterification and amidation reactions while water promotes only the amidation. The degree of crystallinity is significantly affected not only by the monomer ratio in the copolymer but also by the environment during crystallization. The addition of water has a pronounced effect on the crystallization mechanism, although the porous bodies have crosslinked structures.