bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Streptomyces sp. UK-201 from Lachhiwala Reserve Forest, a Biodiversity Hot Spot of the Himalayas
Authors: Srivastava Nidhi , Gupta Sanjay , Sarethy Indira P. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Multi-drug resistance among pathogens is emerging due to slow pace of development of new antimicrobials by combinatorial chemistry. Natural products from microorganisms from under-explored habitats can be lead molecules for such discoveries.

Objective:
The major objectives were to characterize isolate UK-201, taxonomically identify UK-201 based on 16S rDNA sequencing and execute metabolite fingerprinting of ethyl acetate extract of UK-201 by GC-MS.

Methods:
Isolate UK-201 was characterized by phenotypic, biochemical/physiological methods and
identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Ethyl acetate extract of this isolate exhibited antimicrobial activity
against the selected panel of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The extract was
partially purified by column chromatography. Active fractions were pooled and analysed by GCMS.
The obtained compounds were tentatively identified by collated data analysis based on Similarity
Index, and observed and calculated Retention Indices.

Results:
Isolate UK-201 showed 97.46% similarity to Streptomyces niveiscabiei, 96.88% to S. sasae
and S. puniciscabiei, 96.72% to S. capoamus and S. yaanensis. A low similarity percentage indicated
the taxonomic novelty of the isolate and was confirmed by comparing it with phenotypic characteristics
with the nearest matches. Metabolite fingerprinting showed the presence of twenty-four novel
compounds.

Conclusion:
This study showed that bioprospection from under-explored habitats conferred novel
bio and chemodiversity.
Non-Cooperative Iris Segmentation: A Two-Stage Approach
Authors: Kumar M. Rajeev , Arthi K. 
Published: November 2019

Aim:
The accuracy of the non-cooperative iris recognition is highly dependent on the
proper segmentation of the iris region from the input eye image. The traditional non-cooperative iris
segmentation algorithms decrease significantly because of several noise factors such as specular reflections,
occlusions, eyelashes, and eyelids. However, several techniques are developed to overcome
these drawbacks in the iris segmentation process; it is still a challenging task to localize the
iris texture regions.

Background:
Recently, segmentation of iris image is the most important process in a robust iris
recognition system due to the images captured from non-cooperative environments which introduce
occlusions, blur, specular reflections, and off-axis. However, several techniques are developed to
overcome these drawbacks in the iris segmentation process; it is still a challenging task to localize
the iris texture regions. In this research, an effective two-stage of iris segmentation technique is proposed
in a non-cooperative environment.

Objective:
To proposed an effective two-stage of iris segmentation technique in a non-cooperative
environment.

Methods:
Modified Geodesic Active Contour-based level set segmentation with Particle Swarm Optimization
(PSO) is employed for iris segmentation. In this, the PSO algorithm is used to minimize
the energy of the gradient descent equation in a region-based level set segmentation algorithm. The
global threshold-based segmentation (enhanced Otsu’s method) is employed for pupil region segmentation.

Results:
The experiment considered two well-known databases such as UBIRIS.V1 and UBIRIS.V2.
The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed novel approach attained more accurate and
robust iris segmentation under non-cooperative conditions. Also, the results of the modified Geodesic
Active Contour-based level set segmentation with the PSO algorithm attained better results than
the conventional segmentation techniques.

Conclusion:
An effective two-stage of iris segmentation is proposed in a non-cooperative environment
using Geodesic active contour-based level set segmentation with particle swarm optimization
and an enhanced Otsu method is employed for pupil segmentation. The proposed two-stage of iris
segmentation technique segments the iris in its genuine shape which will provide a more robust and
precise iris recognition system.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Mainland China: Social App Capture-Recapture Method
Authors: Hu Maogui , Xu Chengdong , Wang Jinfeng 
Published: November 2019

Background
In China, the cases of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in men who have sex with men (MSM) have increased more than tenfold since 2006. However, the MSM population size, geographical distribution, and migration patterns are largely unknown.

Objective
Our aim is to estimate the number, spatial distribution, and migration of MSM populations in mainland China using big data from social networking.

Methods
We collected 85 days of data on online users of a social networking MSM app in mainland China. Daily online MSM users and their migration across the country were investigated during a holiday period and a nonholiday period. Using the capture-mark-recapture model, we designed an experiment consisting of two independent samples to estimate the total provincial MSM population.

Results
The estimate of MSM in mainland China was 8,288,536 (95% CI 8,274,931-8,302,141), accounting for 1.732% (95% CI 1.729%-1.734%) of adult men aged 18 to 64 years. The average daily number of MSM social networking online across mainland China was 1,198,682 during the nonholiday period. The five provinces (including municipalities) with the highest average number of daily online MSM numbers were Guangdong (n=141,712), Jiangsu (n=90,710), Zhejiang (n=72,212), Shandong (n=68,065), and Beijing (n=66,057). The proportion of daily online MSM among adult men in different cities varied from 0.04% to 0.96%, with a mean of 0.20% (SD 0.14%). Three migrating centers—Guangdong, Beijing, and the Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai-Zhejiang-Jiangsu)—accounted for 57.23% of MSM migrants in the county.

Conclusions
The percentage of MSM among adult men in mainland China is at the middle level compared with other Asia and Pacific countries. However, the number of MSM is very large, and the distribution is uneven. Both MSM distribution and migration are highly affected by socioeconomic status.
Medicine COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANT AND HERB AGAINST DIABETIC FOOT ULCER (PIPER NIGRUM AND ARACHIS HYPOGAEA)
Authors: KUMAR CHANDAN  , SHARMILA KJ  
Published: November 2019

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are the most common cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations in developing countries. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the medicinal plant (fruits) and herbs (seeds) to meet their primary health-care needs healing to DFUs.
Methods: Three solvents were used to acquire extracts from powdered parts of the species. The extracts were used for phytochemical screening like a standard procedure. Quantitative assay of antioxidant activity of the extracts using free radical scavenging phenomena such as a 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl-assay. The antimicrobial activity of the test organisms to the 11 plant extracts was screened using the agar well diffusion method (Perez et al., 1990). Hypotonicity-induced human red blood cell (HRBC) assay performs to determine anti-inflammatory activities.
Results: The presence of maximum antioxidant activity found in Arachis hypogaea (ethyl acetate) extract followed by Piper nigrum. The comparative study of these plants and herb species (P. nigrum and A. hypogaea), where P. nigrum, contains more total tannin contents and antioxidant compounds as persistent manner compares to A. hypogaea. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate, extracts of P. nigrum were studied for the in vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammation against DFU contamination and HRBCs. P. nigrum treated on DFU contamination and HRBC, shown with maximum inhabitation properties for DFU (800 μg/mL).
Conclusions: The finding of the present investigation demonstrated that P. nigrum significantly more suppresses the growth of DFU contamination and induces anti-inflammatory activities follow by A. hypogaea.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DRUGS PRESENT IN MICROBEADS FOR COLON-TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: ABHISHEK KUMAR  , MEENAKSHI BHARKATIYA  
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The present study was aimed to develop Eudragit S100 coated colon-targeted sustained-release formulations of alginate-pectin and alginate-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose microbeads containing norfloxacin (NF) and tinidazole (TZ) for the treatment of amebiasis which was simultaneous estimated.
Methods: Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design has been used to optimize the composition and operating conditions for the preparation of formulations. Nine batches (P1-H5) were prepared by taking three independent variables (X1 – drug:polymer ratio, X2 – concentration of sodium alginate, and X3 – curing time) at three levels (1, 2, and 3). Response variables studied for batches (P1-H5) were mean particle size (μm) (Y1), drug entrapment efficiency (% w/w) (Y2), and drug loading (% w/w) (Y3). NF and TZ were simultaneous estimated by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. Drug-polymer compatibility study was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and indicates no physicochemical interaction.
Results: Microbeads were analyzed for morphological characteristics, mean particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and in vitro drug release. The average size of optimized alginate-pectin microbeads was found to be 881±0.05 μm with an entrapment efficiency of 78.50±0.28% (NF) and 86.50±0.32% (TZ) which was simultaneous estimated.
Conclusion: The studies concluded that formulated enteric-coated alginate-pectin microbeads after enteric coating can be used effectively for the delivery of NF and TZ to colon.
QUALITY OF LIFE IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME: REQUISITE OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST INTERVENTION
Authors: RAMYA R  , SHARON ANN JOSE  , MAMATHA K  , SURYA NARAYANA KM  
Published: November 2019

Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a lifestyle disorder known to cause profound distress in the physical and emotional well-being of the patient that implicates the need for treatment and lifestyle management. Unawareness and ignorance among patients may be a predominant cause of compromised quality of life (QOL) that necessitates education from health-care professionals. The existing study was designed to assess the impact of counseling on QOL in the above patients.
Methods: This hospital-based interventional study was carried out for 6 months. A total of 173 subjects were recruited for the study. The World Health Organization BREF, a validated, reliable tool to assess QOL was administered in two phases of the study, pre-interventional, and post-interventional phase. Awareness regarding disease and lifestyle modification were detailed by a clinical pharmacist to the patients, and its impact was assessed using suitable statistical techniques.
Results: The average age of study participants was 23.9±4.5 years. Decreased QOL was observed in the women affected with PCOS when compared to healthy controls, wherein the psychological domain was the most affected. Post-intervention, a positive impact was reflected as higher scores in all the 4 QOL domains.
Conclusion: Women suffering from PCOS exhibit varied symptoms which affect both physical and psychological health. The key factor in management is to create awareness on the complications of the disease and the lifestyle modification to minimize severity and progression. The study findings reveal that women with PCOS showed an improved QOL post participation in awareness programs imparted by the clinical pharmacists.
KASTURI TOBACCO LEAF FLAVONOIDS AS BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN PERIODONTAL ANTIBACTERIAL MUCOADHESIVE GEL
Authors: QONITA NAFILAH FEBI  , MALIHATUL ROSIDAH  , DERI ABDUL AZIS  , ENDAH PUSPITASARI  , ARI SATIA NUGRAHA  , BANUN KUSUMAWARDANI  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The tobacco leaves are a rich source of many biologically active substances. Flavonoids are one of the bioactive substances contained in tobacco leaves with a wide range of pharmacological properties. This study has been aimed to formulate the antibacterial periodontal gel containing the flavonoids fraction of Kasturi tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves.
Methods: Fraction flavonoids obtained from methanolic extracts of tobacco leaves, which have been purified from nicotine. Different concentrations of flavonoids fraction (0, 25, 0,5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/ml) were prepared with Carbopol-974P. The strength of flavonoid gel adhesion in ex vivo mucosa was tested by the falling liquid film method. Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial agent was followed by the disk diffusion method.
Results: The flavonoid gels have better adhesion parameters (time, strength, and distance) than gel bases. The antimicrobial by the zone of inhibition studies proved that flavonoids periodontal gels with concentrations of 4 mg/ml are highly active against Porphyromonas gingivalis with the zone of inhibition >10 mm which was higher than quercetin gel formulations (control groups).
Conclusion: Gel formulation containing the flavonoids fraction of Kasturi tobacco (N. tabacum) leaves could be a good candidate for periodontal gel with good mucoadhesive gel and antibacterial agent.
DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM BUCCAL PATCHES USING JACKFRUIT POLYMER
Authors: SOJI S  , ARUN JL  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective was to develop buccal patches of an antihypertensive drug and losartan potassium using jackfruit polymer for sustained buccal delivery.
Methods: The patches were prepared by the solvent casting method. Five formulations were developed with varying concentrations of jackfruit polymer. USP type II apparatus was used to perform in-vitro release study under perfect sink condition. Buccal formulations were developed to a satisfactory level in terms of drug release, bioadhesive strength, content uniformity, moisture content, surface pH, thickness, and stability study.
Results: From the results obtained F5 was found as best formulation, having appropriate folding endurance greater than 300, moisture content of 1.14±0.03 percentage (%), moisture uptake of 6.21±0.12%, swelling index (62.78%), bioadhesion strength (37.62±0.25 g), and bioadhesion time of 9 h 5 min. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies have shown no interactions between drug and polymer. All the formulations followed zero-order kinetics.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that mucoadhesive buccal patches of losartan potassium using jackfruit polymer are an auspicious dosage form to prolong the release of drug and enhance its poor oral bioavailability.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FOUR DIFFERENT FLOWERS – COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS, BAUHINIA PURPUREA, STENOLOBIUM STANS, AND PLUMERIA RUBRA
Authors: SAI NANDHINI R  , NIRMALA NITHYA R  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the phytochemical from the aqueous and methanol flower extracts of four significant medicinal plants, namely, Couroupita guianensis, Bauhinia purpurea, Stenolobium stans, and Plumeria rubra.
Methods: The different flowers such as C. guianensis, B. purpurea, P. rubra, and S. stans were collected from Avadi and Koyambedu market, Chennai. Standard procedure was followed for the qualitative analysis of phytocompounds.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis resulted that the methanolic flower extract of four plants has rich bioactive compounds comparably to the aqueous flower extracts. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids were highly present in B. purpurea compared the other three flowers. Only plant P. rubra contains the rich source of cardiac glycosides in methanolic flower extract.
Conclusion: From the results of the current study, we conclude that the methanolic extract of B. purpurea flower has bulk phytocompounds and can be used as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases.
AN OVERVIEW ON POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Authors: Yedulapuram Sri Harika , Gunda Mounika , Moola Neethika Reddy , Kadarla Rohith Kumar 
Published: November 2019

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that PCOS has affected 116 million women (3.4%) worldwide in 2012 . Globally, prevalence estimates of PCOS are highly variable, ranging from 2.2% to as high as 26%. In India, experts claim 10% of the women to be affected by PCOS and yet no proper published statistical data on the prevalence of PCOS in India is available. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine metabolic disorder characterized by multiple hormonal imbalances representing diverse clinical presentations dominated by clinical and biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism which results in short and long term consequences in female health. A defect of the ovarian cells (most likely theca cells) is the underlying cause of PCOS, resulting in excessive androgen synthesis and the clinical and biochemical symptoms of the disease. In the literature, reference is made to the participation of genetic factors, including ethnicity; there is a higher frequency of PCOS in Spanish, Native American and Mexican women. The patient seeks a dermatology consultation for one or more complaints like acne, hirsutism, alopecia, acanthosis nigricans, skin tags and occasionally, darkening of complexion with weight gain. . If irregular menstrual cycles or primary infertility are the main complaints, the patient may consult a gynaecologist. Polycystic ovaries found on ultrasound scanning will often have no clinical effects, but PCOS is the most common diagnosis made in women presenting with amenorrhoea, oligomenorrhoea or heavy, irregular and prolonged periods. It is the commonest cause of hirsutism and of infertility due to anovulation. Women with PCOS have increased concentrations of circulating androgens and there is a marked association with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, obesity, gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes and heart disease
In Silico Toxicological, Anti-Tubercular Effect Evaluation And In Vitro Marine Pathogenic Bacteria Inhibition of N-[(3-Chloro-4-Nitro-Phenyl)Methyleneamino]Pyridine-4-Carboxamidine
Authors: Mokhnache Kamel , Soltani EL-Khamsa , Madoui Soraya , Khither Hanane , Karbab Ahlem , Charef Noureddine , Arrar Lekhmici 
Published: November 2019

The hydrazone; N-[(3-chloro-4-nitro-phenyl) methyleneamino] pyridine-4-carboxamidine (H) was selected for in silico toxicological and in vitro bactericidal studies. Toxicological investigation was carried out using software program, such as eMolTox and Gusar, for the toxic substructure determination, and acute rat toxicity prediction respectively. In vitro bactericidal effect evaluation was investigated using tow marine pathogenic bacteria; Vibrio anguillarum and Photobacterium damselae. Computational results determinate toxicophores of (H), which are nitro-aromatic part, hydrazine group, and quaternary carbon, were predicted as responsible for Idiosyncratic toxicity metabolic activation, covalent bond with DNA, and hepatotoxicity respectively. In addition, the predicted LD50 of (H) are 1086, 244, 1816, and 823.40 mg/kg in intraperitenial, intravenous, oral and subcutaneous administration respectively. For bactericidal results, H exhibited an excellent effect with inhibition percentages of 98.65 and 98.83% at the concentrations of 1000 and 500 µg/mL against Vibrio anguillarum respectively, the same effect was demonstrated against Photobacterium damselae with inhibition percentages of 97.74 and 97.98 % at the same concentrations. For anti-tubercular effect prediction, results revealed that H has an excellent effect with probability percentage of 84.6%.
Keyword: Hydrazone, toxicophore, LD50, Anti-tubercular, Vibrio anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae.
Androgenic Effect and Phytochimie of the Bark of Trunk of Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae)
Authors: Ondele R , Peneme B.M.L. , Miguel L. , Etou Ossibi A. W. , Elion Itou R.D.G , Nkounkou Loumpangou C. , Abena A.A. 
Published: November 2019

The testosterone is the main androgen produced by the testes among the males. Her absence is responsible for erectile dysfunction and the loss of the sexual performance. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the androgenic effect and to determine the profile phytochemestry of the barks of trunk of B. coriacea. Fifteen days after the castration, the animals left in group and, received the aqueous extract of B. coriacea (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o). The sexual parameters (mounts sexual, number of erections, number of ejaculations and the time of latency) have been valued, and compared, to the witnesses groups: water distilled (0,5 ml/100 mg, p.o) and Enanthate of testosterone (1 mg/mL, i.m). The dosage of the testosterone has been achieved by the technic of ELYSA analysis. The determination of the chemical families has been achieved by the technique of coloration in tubes. The aqueous extract of B. coriacea (100,250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o) has an effect androgenic because managed daily during 15 days, it provokes an increase of the rate plasmatic of the testosterone and the bodily weight of the rats, maintains the sexual parameters among the castrated rat, extract the number of ejaculations. The barks of trunk of B. coriacea would contain the stérols, the flavonoides, the saponosids that could be responsible for the sexual effects and androgénic observed. The aqueous extract of the plant would possess the properties androgenic would be to advise the patients presenting problems of masculine barrenness.
Keywords: Androgen - Phytochimie - Buchholzia - coriacea
Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Film of Prochlorperazine Maleate
Authors: Pawar Rajat , Sharma Ravi , Darwhekar Gajanan 
Published: November 2019

This research work was aimed to enhance the oral bioavailability and provide faster onset of action of Prochlorperazine maleate (used for the treatment nausea and vomiting) by formulating its mouth dissolving film (MDF). Prochlorperazine belongs to BCS II and oral bioavailability of it’s about 11-15%. The MDF of Prochlorperazine maleate was prepared by solvent casting method using HPMC (film forming agent),Glycerol (plasticizer), Betacyclodextrin (solubilizing agent), Citric acid (saliva stimulating agent), Mannitol (sweetening agent). The formulation was optimized by two factors, three levels (32) was used for the formulation optimization of fast dissolving film of Prochlorperazine maleate and experimental trials are performed on all 9 formulation. In which the amount of HPMC, Glycerol were selected as independent variables (factor) varied at three different level: low (-1), medium (0), and high (+1) levels. The drug release and disintegration time used as dependent variables (response). and formulation was evaluated for weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content, in- vitro disintegration, in vitro dissolution study and stability study. Based on results it was concluded that MDF (F3) showed enhanced bioavailability and faster onset of action.
Keywords: Prochlorperazine maleate, Mouth dissolving film, bioavailability