bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformational leadership as a factor that decreases turnover intention: a mediation of work stress and organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Manoppo Vinno Petrus 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examining the effect of transformational leadership on work stress, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and turnover intention, examining the effect of work stress on OCB and turnover intention and examining the effect of OCB on turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using the survey method, with questionnaires and data analysis were done employing the WarpPLS with two approaches. This research finds the results of this study indicate that the higher the transformational leadership, the lower the work stress will be. The positive significant relationship might be because of direction or command given by the leaders to nurses at each meeting held regularly.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that the higher transformational leadership, the lower the turnover intention will be even though it is not significant. The results of this study indicate that the higher the work stress, the lower the OCB, although not significant.Originality/valuePrevious studies have not examined the relationship of the variables mentioned above, especially in Manado where the respondents have different cultures.
Chemical structure predicts the effect of plant‐derived low‐molecular weight compounds on soil microbiome structure and pathogen suppression
Authors: Gu Yian , Wang Xiaofang , Yang Tianjie , Friman Ville‐Petri , Geisen Stefan , Wei Zhong , Xu Yangchun , Jousset Alexandre , Shen Qirong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Plant‐derived low‐molecular weight compounds play a crucial role in shaping soil microbiome functionality. While various compounds have been demonstrated to affect soil microbes, most data are case‐specific and do not provide generalizable predictions on their effects. Here we show that the chemical structural affiliation of low‐molecular weight compounds typically secreted by plant roots—sugars, amino acids, organic acids and phenolic acids—can predictably affect microbiome diversity, composition and functioning in terms of plant disease suppression.

We amended soil with single or mixtures of representative compounds, mimicking carbon deposition by plants. We then assessed how different classes of compounds, or their combinations, affected microbiome composition and the protection of tomato plants from the soil‐borne Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial pathogen.

We found that chemical class predicted well the changes in microbiome composition and diversity. Organic and amino acids generally decreased the microbiome diversity compared to sugars and phenolic acids. These changes were also linked to disease incidence, with amino acids and nitrogen‐containing compound mixtures inducing more severe disease symptoms connected with a reduction in bacterial community diversity.

Together, our results demonstrate that low‐molecular weight compounds can predictably steer rhizosphere microbiome functioning providing guidelines to engineer microbiomes based on root exudation patterns by specific plant cultivars or crop regimes.

A free plain language summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The treatment and follow‐up of ‘recurrence’ with discharged COVID‐19 patients: data from Guizhou, China
Authors: Tian Maolu , Long Yanjun , Hong Yang , Zhang Xiangyan , Zha Yan 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWe reported 20 cases of discharged COVID‐19 patients whose RT‐PCR test results showed ‘re‐positive’. After finding ‘re‐positive’, these patients were admitted to hospital for the second time and were followed up until the end of May 2020. We recorded detailed treatment and follow‐up process, and collected relevant data. The possible causes and potential clinical significance of this phenomenon are discussed.
Intergenerational transmission of trauma and family systems theory: an empirical investigation
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael , London‐Johnson Antoinette , Gallus Kami L. 
Published: July 2020

Research indicates that intergenerational transmission of trauma often leads to behavioural and emotional problems in children of parents with a history of trauma; however, intervening pathways are less well understood. The current study used the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN; Runyan et al., 1998) data set. Among a sample of 361 mothers involved with child welfare services or ‘at risk’ of becoming involved in the future, we explored harsh parenting and couple relationship quality as mechanisms in the transmission of maternal trauma to changes in children’s behavioural and emotional problems over a two‐year period. Findings indicate that verbal aggression predicted children’s internalising and externalising issues, but negative relationship quality was the only significant mechanism linking maternal trauma to children’s mental health problems. Clinical implications are discussed.Practitioner points

Trauma has a twofold effect on women’s romantic relationships, increasing negative qualities and decreasing positive qualities

Providing a trauma‐informed approach to therapy with a focus on the negative relationship quality can reduce harsh parenting and a child’s internalising symptomology
Radical systemic intervention that goes to the root: working alongside inner‐city school children, linking trauma with oppression and consciousness with action
Authors: Afuape Taiwo 
Published: July 2020

Trauma can be viewed through the lens of oppression, and a radical systemic approach in groups is an example of this view in practice. Group‐work in an inner‐city secondary school, with twelve 13–14 year‐olds the school was concerned about, and eleven 12–15 year‐olds at risk of exclusion, drew on systemic, narrative and critical consciousness ideas. This approach enabled the young people to link what they understood about trauma and oppression (consciousness) with what they wanted to do about it (action). An independent qualitative evaluation suggested that participants valued being listened to, the improvement in their confidence and behaviour and the opportunity to be change‐makers. Recommendations were made by the participants about future groups and by the participants and group facilitators about whole‐school approaches to wellbeing based on challenging oppression.Practitioner points

How we name experience (consciousness) shapes what we deem appropriate in response (action)

Levels of consciousness reflect how problems are named, explained and addressed; levels of action range from oppressive to transformative

A radical systemic approach to trauma involves joining with the marginalised, naming oppression and collective social action

This involves the body as embodied consciousness and as embedded in social, cultural and political contexts

In schools, clinicians direct their intervention at the entire system based on the views of the most marginalised pupils
Titles support the development of coherent situation models
Authors: Christofalos Andriana L. , Raney Gary E. , Daniel Frances , Demos Alexander P. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundResearch shows that providing readers with a title prior to reading a passage increases comprehension compared with reading a passage without a title. However, the specific type of comprehension that is facilitated by the presence of a title and how this relates to reading time has not been examined. We present three experiments in which we evaluated the effect of passage titles on comprehension and reading time.MethodsParticipants read vague passages once or twice either with titles or without titles and answered questions after each reading that assessed surface form, textbase and situation model comprehension. Reading time was recorded for each reading of each passage.ResultsWhen a title was absent, there was a large reduction of situation model comprehension, a small to moderate reduction in textbase comprehension and little or no reduction in surface form comprehension compared with when a title was present. The presence or absence of titles had an inconsistent effect on reading time.ConclusionsWe conclude that titles provided a theme that helped readers develop a coherent situation model when reading the vague passages and that creating a situation model supports comprehension but has a smaller effect on reading time for the simple texts used here.
Incorporating community culture in teaching food innovation: Ideation, prototyping, and storytelling
Authors: Kuo Wan‐Yuan , Kim Sun‐Hwa , Lachapelle Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAt most institutions, food innovation courses do not highlight the role of community culture, a blind spot that otherwise could connect the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals. This study presents a unique approach to teaching food product innovation, incorporating community culture in ideation, prototyping, and storytelling. Through participatory action research, NUTR 435 Experimental Foods at Montana State University partnered with the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes to teach culturally appropriate product innovation. The class visited the food system stakeholders at the Flathead Reservation and conducted focus groups to gather food memories, understand culinary practices, and recognize product preference of the tribal members. Based on the cultural experiences obtained from the community, the students created smoked trout prototypes and developed recommended recipes for using the smoked trout. The recommended recipes used Native ingredients to tell the tribes’ food stories. The students were affirmative on the importance of incorporating culture in food innovations in both the pre‐ and post‐semester learning assessments. Yet, after the semester, the students’ attitude and knowledge on this topic became more positive and dynamic, focusing on empowering the community in story and identity telling. Future improvements include recommending a preparatory course in Native American food systems, collaborating with a tribal class, encouraging engagement with the tribal partners beyond the class, and implementing policies to guard the cultural property of the tribal communities. This study presents pilot results for food science educators to consider incorporating community culture in their instructions to address food system challenges.
Solid‐phase micro extraction of food irradiation marker 2‐dodecylcyclobutanone (2‐DCB) from chicken jerky treated with glycerol
Authors: Taghvaei Mostafa , Sommers Christopher , Ceric Olgica , Hussain Faris , Yucel Umut , Smith J. Scott 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe food irradiation marker, 2‐dodecylcyclobutanone (2‐DCB), assayed by SPME provides a fast and simple method to estimate the irradiation history of fat‐containing food products. The SPME conditions were optimized to maximize the extraction of 2‐DCB from chicken jerky treats (CJT) irradiated at low (5 kGy) and high (50 kGy) doses. The extracted 2‐DCB was measured using GC‐MS in selected ion mode (m/z 98, and 112). Water dilution (1:5) was needed to mobilize 2‐DCB and allow partition to the headspace form the CJT matrix. Increasing the incubation temperature to 80 °C resulted in higher response. Spiking control jerky samples with 2‐DCB from 10 to 150 ng/g CJT compared with spiking water revealed a significant food matrix effect. This method provides a fast, simple, and environmental friendly alternative for the existing solvent extraction methods.
Zuccagnia‐type Propolis from Argentina: A potential functional ingredient in food to pathologies associated to metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress
Authors: Salas Ana L. , Mercado María Inés , Eugenia Orqueda Maria , Correa Uriburu Florencia M. , García Maria Elena , Pérez María Jorgelina , Alvarez María de los Angeles , Ponessa Graciela I. , Maldonado Luis Maldonado , Zampini Iris Catiana , Isla María Inés 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effect of Argentine propolis extracts against enzymes related to metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress, as well as the botanical origin of raw propolis, were studied. Histological and chemical analyses of propolis samples revealed that the botanical origin is Zuccagnia punctata, an Argentine medicinal plant. The melissopalynological analysis showed both pollen grains of Z. punctata and the other plant species. This result indicates that the differences found in the botanical remains compared to the palynological studies may have been caused by the bees selecting resinous shrubs mainly of Z. punctata for the production of propolis and other plants with flowers for the production of honey.The richness of propolis was remarkable in two flavonoid precursors (2´,4´‐dihydroxy‐3´‐methoxychalcone, 2´,4´‐dihydroxychalcone), the major chemical components of Z. punctata. The hydroalcoholic extracts of Argentine propolis and Z. punctata were able to inhibit enzymes associated with the metabolic syndrome, including α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase and lipase, with IC50 values between 7 to 14, 37 to 48, and 13 to 28 µg/mL, respectively. Biological activity was mainly attributed to chalcones. Oxygen and nitrogen reactive species scavenging activity was determined by the assays of superoxide radical (O2•−), hydroxyl radical (HO•), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO•), and cation radical (ABTS•+). Results showed SC50 values between 115 to 278, 12.50 to 46; 39 to 92; 50 to 104.50 and 23 to 33.75 µg/mL, respectively. This study suggests for the first time that propolis from Argentina is highly effective in inhibiting enzymes related to the metabolic syndrome and in free‐radical scavenging that would justify its use as a dietary supplement or as a functional ingredient in special food.Practical ApplicationPropolis from Catamarca, Argentina, is traditionally used as medicine and food. Its botanical origin is Zuccagnia punctata, an endemic plant species popularly used as a medicine in Argentina. Propolis has the ability to regulate the activity of enzymes involved in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and consequently in metabolic syndrome. Besides, its antioxidant capacity makes it a natural product that can be used as a dietary supplement or as a functional ingredient in special foods. It is important to highlight that in the Argentine Food Code, propolis was incorporated in 2008 as a dietary supplement and the present results give major added value to this product.
Killing time in cover crops? Artificial perches promote field use by raptors
Authors: Zagorski Megan E. , Swihart Robert K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCover crops are an increasingly common conservation practice in intensive row‐crop agriculture of the Midwestern United States and can improve wildlife habitat. However, they also benefit agricultural pest species such as voles (Microtus), which have damaged cover‐cropped soybean fields in Indiana. We tested the feasibility of attracting raptors, which are natural predators of voles, to cover‐cropped fields by supplying artificial perches from which to hunt. We assessed raptor use of artificial perches in cover‐cropped fields during the winters of 2018 and 2019. Perches were erected at three different distances from the field edge: 50, 125 and 200 m. We modelled perch use of our three most common species, great horned owl, red‐tailed hawk and American kestrel, with a logistic generalised linear mixed model. Raptors used 82% of the perches, and perch use was greatest at 200 m. However, even at peak use, our best model predicted a low probability of overall perch use for all three species. Artificial perches can attract raptors into large row‐crop fields. Sturdier perch design, extended perch availability and greater vole populations could increase use of perches. Although raptor perch use by itself is unlikely to control vole populations in cover‐cropped fields, artificial perches could form a valuable component of an integrated pest management system.
Borderline‐low testosterone levels are associated with lower left ventricular wall thickness in firefighters: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Lofrano‐Porto Adriana , Soares Edgard M. K. V. K. , Matias Alexs , Porto Luiz Guilherme Grossi , Smith Denise L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow endogenous testosterone has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in men.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of low serum testosterone level (TT) in a cohort of male US career firefighters and to examine its relation with left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT).Materials and MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study among 341 career firefighters, (age: 37.5 ± 10.3 years; BMI: 28.9 ± 4.5 kg/m2), who underwent an occupational medical screening examination. TT quartiles were determined, and LVWT distribution among them was plotted. Then, TT values were categorized as low (<264 ng/dL), borderline (264‐399 ng/dL), reference range (400‐916 ng/dL), and high (>916 ng/dL). To further investigate the association of mildly decreased TT on LVWT, we divided the borderline group into borderline‐low (264‐319 ng/dL) and borderline‐high (320‐399 ng/dL) ranges. LVWT values were classified as low LVWT when <0.6 cm. A multivariate model was used to compare LVWT, age, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and HbA1c among groups by TT values.ResultsThe prevalence of low TT was 10.6% and of borderline was 26.4%, while 58.7% had levels in the reference range. The low‐TT group was older and had higher BMI and SBP as compared to the reference group (P < .01). LVWT values were different among groups (P = .04) and significantly lower in firefighters with borderline‐low TT as compared to the reference group (P < .05). This finding also occurred within obese firefighters (P = .03). The borderline‐low group had a higher adjusted risk for a low LVWT as compared to the reference group [OR: 4.11 (95% CI: 1.79‐9.43)].DiscussionOur findings highlight the possible relationship between a mild reduction in testosterone levels (borderline) and lower LVWT.ConclusionsA high prevalence of subnormal TT levels (low and borderline: 37%) was observed in this relatively homogeneous cohort of career firefighters. Mildly decreased TT levels and lower LVWT might represent a preclinical condition and a window of opportunity for cardiovascular preventive interventions in firefighters.
Comparison of laparoscopic surgery and hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery in esophagectomy: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Tanishima Yuichiro , Nishikawa Katsunori , Matsumoto Akira , Yuda Masami , Tanaka Yujiro , Yano Fumiaki , Mitsumori Norio , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic surgery (LAP) and hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) for mobilization of the stomach and abdominal lymph node dissection in esophagectomy have become standard procedures in Japan. However, the differences in outcomes between LAP and HALS have not been examined. We aimed to compare the safety and feasibility of these techniques in patients undergoing esophagectomy.MethodsWe assessed 171 patients who underwent esophagectomy and reconstruction for clinical stage 0 to IVa esophageal cancer; 108 patients were treated with HALS and 63 with LAP. Mortality, morbidity, and long‐term survival were compared in all patients who had undergone these surgical procedures and then in 59 propensity score‐matched pairs to correct for differences in baseline characteristics.ResultsIn our analysis, HALS had a shorter abdominal operative time (84.4 ± 26.6 vs 110.0 ± 34.1 minutes, P < .0001), but LAP enabled a larger number of abdominal lymph nodes to be harvested with (17.9 ± 6.6 vs 15.4 ± 7.4, P = .0486). The 5‐year overall survival rates were 62.1% and 74.5% (P = .1257) for patients who had undergone HALS and LAP, respectively, and the relapse‐free survival rates were 67.0% and 72.3% (P = .7243).ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in postoperative mortality and morbidity between the two groups. This suggests that in addition to having a short operative time, HALS has good technical feasibility and is oncologically safe for patients with esophageal cancer.
Enhanced life distress inventory: Development and validation in two African countries
Authors: Palermo Tia , Hall Brian J. , Cirillo Cristina ,   the Tanzania PSSN Youth Study Evaluation Team, Tanzania Adolescent Cash Plus Study Team, and Ghana LEAP 1000 Evaluation Team in Acknowledgement
Published: July 2020

ObjectivePoverty is linked to poor mental health, and stress is a key pathway. Most existing stress scales were developed in high‐income settings. We use primary data collected from three large population‐based studies in Ghana and Tanzania to examine the performance and psychometric properties of a new measure of self‐perceived stress, the Enhanced Life Distress Inventory (ELDI).MethodsDevelopment of the ELDI was informed by an exploratory qualitative study implemented among youth and adolescents in Ghana, Malawi, and Tanzania and structured following the Life Distress Inventory (LDI). We implemented the ELDI in three ongoing longitudinal impact evaluations involving quantitative household surveys in two studies in Tanzania and in one in Ghana to evaluate its performance and psychometric properties.FindingsSample sizes ranged from N = 608 to N = 2,458, with variation in gender, age, and geographic location. Exploratory factor analysis uncovered three underlying factors of the ELDI, which justified the use of three sub‐scales: economic and health‐related well‐being, risk/security, and social relations. Further analysis demonstrated that the ELDI has adequate psychometric properties, including internal consistency, and construct validity.ConclusionA major contribution of the ELDI is its development in and for LMIC settings and its ability to assess different areas (life domains) of distress. This multi‐sectoral lens gives the scale the potential to examine not only programmes targeting stress, but also those targeting sources of stress, and to examine whether they improve stress and mental health via those pathways. More testing of the ELDI’s performance and psychometric properties is needed in additional settings.
Ependymoma relapse goes along with a relatively stable epigenome, but a severely altered tumor morphology
Authors: Yang Denise , Holsten Till , Börnigen Daniela , Frank Stephan , Mawrin Christian , Glatzel Markus , Schüller Ulrich 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe molecular biology of ependymomas is not well understood and this is particularly true for ependymoma relapses. We aimed at finding out if and to which extent, relapses differ from their corresponding primary tumors on the morphological, chromosomal and epigenetic level. We investigated 24 matched ependymoma primary and relapsed tumor samples and, as a first step, compared cell density, necrosis, vessel proliferation, Ki67 proliferative index, trimethylation at H3K27 and expression of CXorf67. For the investigation of global methylation profiles, we used public data in order to analyze copy number variation profiles, differential methylation, methylation status and fractions of hypo‐ and hypermethylated CpGs in different epigenomic substructures. Morphologically, we found a significant increase with relapse in cell density and proliferation. H3K27 trimethylation and CXorf67 expression remained stable between primary and relapse tumor samples, and the analysis of DNA methylation profiles neither revealed significant differences in copy number variations nor differentially methylated regions. Significant differences in the methylation status were found for CpG islands, but also in N Shelves or S Shelves, depending on the molecular subgroup. The fraction of probes changing their methylation in the epigenomic substructures appeared subgroup‐specific. Most changes occur in CpG islands, for which relapsed tumors demonstrate higher methylation values than primary tumors. The morphological differences reflect increased aggressiveness upon ependymoma relapse, but, despite slight changes, this observation does not appear to be sufficiently explained by epigenetic changes.