bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID‐19 on Share Prices in the UK*
Authors: Griffith Rachel , Levell Peter , Stroud Rebekah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe spread of COVID‐19, and international measures to contain it, are having a major impact on economic activity in the UK. In this paper, we describe how this impact has varied across industries, using data on share prices of firms listed on the London Stock Exchange, and how well targeted government support for workers and companies is in light of this.
Resistance of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1F corn in the Americas: lessons and implications for Bt corn IRM in China
Authors: Huang Fangneng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a major target pest of Bt crops (e.g., corn, cotton, and soybean) in North and South America. This pest has recently invaded Africa and Asia including China and the invasion has placed a great threat to the food security in many countries of these two continents. Due to the extensive use of Bt crops, practical resistance of S. frugiperda to Cry1F corn (TC 1507) with field control problems has widely occurred in Puerto Rico, Brazil, Argentina, and the mainland United States. Analyzing data generated from decade‐long studies showed that several factors might have contributed to the wide development of the resistance. These factors include (1) limited modes of action of Bt proteins used in Bt crops; (2) cross‐resistance among Cry1 proteins; (3) use of nonhigh dose Bt crop traits; (4) that the resistance is complete on Bt corn plants; (5) abundant in initial Cry1F resistance alleles; and (6) lack of fitness costs/recessive fitness costs of the resistance. The long‐term use of Bt crop technology in the Americas suggests that Bt corn can be an effective tool for controlling S. frugiperda in China. IRM programs for Bt corn in China should be as simple as possible to be easily adopted by small‐scale growers. The following aspects may be considered in its Bt corn IRM programs: (1) use of only “high dose” traits for both S. frugiperda and stalk borers; (2) developing and implementing a combined resistance monitoring program; (3) use “gene pyramiding” as a primary IRM strategy; and (4) if possible, Bt corn may not be planted in the areas where S. frugiperda overwinters. Lessons and experience gained from the global long‐term use of Bt crops should have values in improving IRM programs in the Americas, as well as for a sustainable use of Bt corn technology in China.
Dynamic competition in deceptive markets
Authors: Johnen Johannes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn many deceptive markets, firms design contracts to exploit mistakes of naive consumers. These contracts also attract less‐profitable sophisticated consumers. I study such markets when firms compete repeatedly. By observing their customers' usage patterns, firms acquire private information about their level of naiveté. First, I find that private information on naiveté mitigates competition and is of great value even with homogeneous products. Second, competition between initially symmetrically informed firms is mitigated when firms can educate naifs about mistakes. In an analogous setting without naifs, the second result does not occur; the first result occurs when firms cannot disclose fees.
What students and new graduates perceive supports them to think, feel and act as a health professional in a rural setting
Authors: Furness Linda , Tynan Anna , Ostini Jenny 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveClinical placements in rural locations are perceived by students to provide positive learning experiences to support their transition to practice. This study explores how clinical placements in a rural health setting might influence students and new graduates to think, feel and act as a health professional.DesignA qualitative study comprising focus group discussions was conducted.SettingThe study was conducted in a rural health service in Queensland, Australia.ParticipantsAllied health students (n = 12) on placement and new graduates (n = 11) working in a regional health service.Main outcome measuresThis study identified allied health student and new graduate perspectives on clinical placement factors which support them to think, feel and act as a health professional.ResultsThematic analysis was used to understand student and new graduate perceptions of how rural placements support thinking, feeling and acting as a health professional. Suggestions for supporting learning included the following:

Development of learning partnerships between students and clinical educators with inbuilt expectations and opportunities for reflection and supervision.
Creating a culture where students are welcomed, valued and encouraged to take meal breaks with the team supported connectedness.
The importance of balancing student autonomy with educating and grading support to increase independence.
ConclusionsFindings show clinical placement experiences identified by allied health students and new graduates which support them to begin to think, feel and act as a health professional. Suggestions provided by students and new graduates can be used to inform implementation of clinical placement experiences.
A pilot randomised placebo‐controlled trial of cannabidiol to reduce severe behavioural problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability
Authors: Efron Daryl , Freeman Jeremy L. , Cranswick Noel , Payne Jonathan M. , Mulraney Melissa , Prakash Chidambaram , Lee Katherine J. , Taylor Kaitlyn , Williams Katrina 
Published: June 2020

AimsSevere behavioural problems (SBP) are a major contributor to morbidity in children with intellectual disability (ID). Medications used to treat SBP in ID are associated with a high risk of side effects. Cannabidiol has potential therapeutic effects in SBP. This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility of conducting a randomised placebo‐controlled trial of cannabidiol to reduce SBP in children with ID.MethodsThis is a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐armed, parallel‐design, randomised controlled trial of cannabidiol in children aged 8–16 years with ID and SBP. Participants were randomised 1:1 to receive either 98% cannabidiol in oil (Tilray, Canada) or placebo orally for 8 weeks. The dose was up‐titrated over 9 days to 20 mg/kg/day in two divided doses, with a maximum dose of 500 mg twice/day. The feasibility and acceptability of all study components were assessed.ResultsEight children were randomised, and all completed the full study protocol. There were no serious adverse events or drop‐outs. Protocol adherence for key study components was excellent: study visits 100%, medication adherence 100%, blood tests 92% and questionnaire completion 88%. Parents reported a high degree of acceptability with the study design. All parents reported they would recommend the study to other families with children with similar problems. There was an efficacy signal in favour of active drug.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the study protocol is feasible and acceptable to patients with ID and SBP and their families.
Adaptation and evaluation of a learning analytics dashboard to improve academic support at three Latin American universities
Authors: Guerra Julio , Ortiz-Rojas Margarita , Zúñiga‐Prieto Miguel Angel , Scheihing Eliana , Jiménez Alberto , Broos Tom , De Laet Tinne , Verbert Katrien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the success of academic advising dashboards in several higher educational institutions (HEI), these dashboards are still under‐explored in Latin American HEI's. To close this gap, three different Latin American universities adapted an existing advising dashboard, originally deployed at the KU Leuven to their own context. In all three cases, the context was the main ruling factor to these adaptations. In this paper, we describe these adaptions using a framework that focuses on four different elements of the context: Objectives, Stakeholders, Key moment and Interactions. Evaluation of the adapted dashboards in the three different Latin American universities is conducted through pilots. This evaluation shows the value of the dashboard approach in different contexts in terms of satisfaction, usefulness and impact in academic decision‐making and advising tasks. The main contribution of this paper is the systematic reporting of the adaptations to an academic advising dashboard and showing the value of an academic advising dashboard on academic decision‐making and advising tasks.
Persisting SARS‐CoV‐2 viraemia after rituximab therapy: two cases with fatal outcome and a review of the literature
Authors: Tepasse Phil‐Robin , Hafezi Wali , Lutz Mathias , Kühn Joachim , Wilms Christian , Wiewrodt Rainer , Sackarnd Jan , Keller Martin , Schmidt Hartmut H. , Vollenberg Richard 
Published: June 2020

SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 infection can cause severe pneumonia (COVID‐19). There is evidence that patients with comorbidities are at higher risk of a severe disease course. The role of immunosuppression in the disease course is not clear. In the present report, we first describe two cases of persisting SARS‐CoV‐2 viraemia with fatal outcome in patients after rituximab therapy.
Miconazole inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling by preventing its interaction with DNA damage‐induced apoptosis suppressor
Authors: Yoon Sung‐Hoon , Kim Bo‐Kyung , Kang Mi‐Jung , Im Joo‐Young , Won Misun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDNA damage‐induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) facilitates the survival of lung cancer by suppressing apoptosis. Moreover, DDIAS promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via their interaction. Here, we identified miconazole as an inhibitor of DDIAS/STAT3 interaction by screening a chemical library using a yeast two‐hybrid assay. Miconazole inhibited growth, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, miconazole suppressed STAT3 tyrosine Y705 phosphorylation and the expression of its target genes, such as cyclin D1, survivin and snail but had no suppressive effect on the activation of ERK1/2 or AKT, which is involved in the survival of lung cancer. As expected, no interaction between DDIAS and STAT3 occurred in the presence of miconazole, as confirmed by immunoprecipitation assays. Mouse xenograft experiments showed that miconazole significantly suppressed both tumor size and weight in an NCI‐H1703 mouse model. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 and expression of its targets, such as cyclin D1, survivin and snail, were decreased in miconazole‐treated tumor tissues, as compared with those in vehicle‐treated tumor tissues. These data suggest that miconazole exerts an anti–cancer effect by suppressing STAT3 activation through inhibiting DDIAS/STAT3 binding.
Dual TTK/CLK2 inhibitor, CC‐671, selectively antagonizes ABCG2‐mediated multidrug resistance in lung cancer cells
Authors: Wu Zhuo‐Xun , Yang Yuqi , Wang Guangsuo , Wang Jing‐Quan , Teng Qiu‐Xu , Sun Lingling , Lei Zi‐Ning , Lin Lizhu , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Zou Chang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne pivotal factor that leads to multidrug resistance (MDR) is the overexpression of ABCG2. Therefore, tremendous effort has been devoted to the search of effective reversal agents to overcome ABCG2‐mediated MDR. CC‐671 is a potent and selective inhibitor of both TTK (human protein kinase monopolar spindle 1 [hMps1]) and CDC like kinase 2 (CLK2). It represents a new class of cancer therapeutic drugs. In this study, we show that CC‐671 is an effective ABCG2 reversal agent that enhances the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in ABCG2‐overexpressing lung cancer cells. Mechanistic studies show that the reversal effect of CC‐671 is primarily attributed to the inhibition of the drug efflux activity of ABCG2, which leads to an increased intracellular level of chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, CC‐671 does not alter the protein expression or subcellular localization of ABCG2. The computational molecule docking analysis suggests CC‐671 has high binding affinity to the drug‐binding site of ABCG2. In conclusion, we reveal the interaction between CC‐671 and ABCG2, providing a rationale for the potential combined use of CC‐671 with ABCG2 substrate to overcome MDR.
Post‐transplant survival in adult congenital heart disease patients as compared to dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy patients; an analysis of the thoracic ISHLT registry
Authors: Kinsella Aisling , Rao Vivek , Fan Chun‐Po , Manlhiot Cedric , Stehlik Josef , Ross Heather , Alba Ana C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) is associated with high early post‐transplant mortality but improved long‐term survival in comparison to the overall heart transplant population. We aimed to evaluate survival outcomes of ACHD in adult transplant recipient patients as specifically compared to ischemic (ICM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) groups. Adult heart transplant recipients between 2004 and 2014 were identified from the ISHLT registry. We used Kaplan‐Meier analysis to evaluate overall survival, 1‐year survival, and 1‐year conditional survival among etiology groups and multivariable Cox proportional hazard (PH) models to assess the association between etiology of cardiomyopathy and 1‐year and long‐term all‐cause mortality and cause‐specific mortality. We included 30 130 heart transplant recipients. One‐year survival was 78.3% in ACHD, 84.3% in ICM, and 86.2% in DCM patients (P < .001). By multivariable analysis, during first post‐transplant year, ACHD and ICM patients were at significantly higher mortality risk than DCM. Adjusted post‐transplant mortality risk, conditional on 1‐year survival, was not statistically different in ACHD and DCM while ICM patients had 17% higher long‐term mortality risk than DCM patients leading to overall worse outcomes in ICM patients. Therefore, ICM patients have poorer outcomes in comparison to both DCM and ACHD patients.
‘He was trapped in his own web’—Dependent drinking as a poverty trap: A qualitative study from Goa, India
Authors: Schess Jaclyn , Kumar Sonali , Velleman Richard , Adhvaryu Achyuta , Nadkarni Abhijit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsOf the Indian population, 2.7% have alcohol dependence, the most severe of alcohol use disorders. Alcohol use disorders have previously been found to be correlated with a range of negative economic outcomes, but dependent drinking has yet to be causally identified as a poverty trap. We use qualitative data as the first step towards identifying the mechanisms that may underlie a dependent drinking driven poverty trap in India.Design and MethodsThirty‐six in‐depth interviews were conducted and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Participants were men having probable alcohol dependence (n = 11), doctors (n = 13) who come into contact with patients presenting with alcohol dependence at government hospitals and clinics, and family members of men with probable alcohol dependence (n = 12) in Goa, India.ResultsOur key findings showed that families of those who have alcohol dependence have less opportunity for saving, more job instability and poor treatment opportunity to aid recovery and allow escaping from the trap.Discussion and ConclusionsHouseholds in Goa, India with a member with alcohol dependence display patterns consistent with a poverty trap, though the mechanisms derived from these qualitative data need to be further demonstrated by longitudinal quantitative data to corroborate a causal relationship between alcohol use disorders and poverty.
Fluoroquinolone exposure in utero did not affect articular cartilage of resulting foals
Authors: Ellerbrock Robyn E. , Canisso Igor F. , Larsen Ryan J. , Garrett Katherine S. , Stewart Matthew C. , Herzog Kalyn K. , Kersh Mariana E. , Moshage Sara G. , Podico Giorgia , Lima Fabio S. , Childs Bronwen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that fluoroquinolones, specifically, enrofloxacin and its active metabolite (ciprofloxacin), cross the equine placenta without causing gross or histological lesions in the first and third trimester fetuses or resulting foal. However, it is possible that in utero exposure to fluoroquinolones may cause subtle lesions not detectable by standard means; thus, a more in‐depth assessment of potential toxicity is warranted.ObjectivesTo use quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), biomechanical testing, and chondrocyte gene expression to evaluate the limbs of foals exposed to enrofloxacin during the third trimester of pregnancy.Study designIn vivo and control terminal experiment.MethodsHealthy mares at 280 days gestation were assigned into three groups: untreated (n = 5), recommended therapeutic (7.5 mg/kg enrofloxacin, PO, SID, n = 6) or supratherapeutic (15 mg/kg, PO, SID, n = 6) doses for 14 days. Mares carried and delivered to term and nursed their foals for ~30 days. Two additional healthy foals born from untreated mares were treated post‐natally with enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg PO, SID, for 5 days). By 30 days, foal stifles, hocks, elbows, and shoulders were radiographed, foals were subjected to euthanasia, and foal limbs were analysed by quantitative MRI, structural MRI, biomechanical testing and chondrocyte gene expression.ResultsOsteochondral lesions were detected with both radiography and structural MRI in foals from both enrofloxacin‐treated and untreated mares. Severe cartilage erosions, synovitis and joint capsular thickening were identified in foals treated with enrofloxacin post‐natally. Median cartilage T2 relaxation times differed between joints but did not differ between treatment groups.Main limitationsA small sample size was assessed and there was no long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionWhile further research is needed to address long‐term foal outcomes, no differences were seen in advanced imaging, biomechanical testing or gene expression by 30 days of age, suggesting that enrofloxacin may be a safe and useful antibiotic for select bacterial infections in pregnant mares.
IL‐15 and IL‐23 synergize to trigger Th17 response by CLA+ T cells in psoriasis
Authors: de Jesús‐Gil Carmen , Ruiz‐Romeu Ester , Ferran Marta , Sagristà Marc , Chiriac Anca , García Pablo , Celada Antonio , Pujol Ramon M. , Santamaria‐Babí Luis F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIL‐15 has emerged as a potentially relevant target in the IL‐17 response in psoriasis. However, its mechanism is poorly characterized in humans. IL‐15 and IL‐23 are constitutively expressed in the psoriatic lesion. Also, IL‐15 is considered a susceptibility‐associated gene in psoriasis, as are IL‐23R, and HLACW6. Here, we studied the effect of IL‐15 and IL‐23 stimulation on the cytokine response of CLA+/CLA‐ T cells from 9 psoriasis patients and 3 healthy control subjects. To this end, CLA + and CLA‐ T cells from blood samples were cultured with epidermal cells from skin biopsies and treated with IL‐15 and IL‐23. After five days of culture, cytokines in supernatant were measured by ELISA or fluorescent bead‐based immunoassay. There was a statistically significant increase in IL‐17F and IL‐17A production (P < .001) in cocultures of psoriasis skin‐homing CLA + T cells with epidermal cells when stimulated with IL‐15 and IL‐23, but this effect was not observed in the cells of healthy controls. Interestingly, this response was reduced by around 50 to 80% by blocking HLA class I and II molecules. Our results point to the synergic action of IL‐15 and IL‐23 selectively for CLA + cells in psoriasis, leading to the induction of Th17 cell‐related cytokines.
Increased 25(OH)D3 level in redheaded people: Could redheadedness be an adaptation to temperate climate?
Authors: Flegr Jaroslav , Sýkorová Kateřina , Fiala Vojtěch , Hlaváčová Jana , Bičíková Marie , Máčová Ludmila , Kaňková Šárka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAbout 1‐2% of European population are redheaded, meaning they synthesize more pheomelanin than eumelanin, the main melanin pigment in humans. Several mutations could be responsible for this phenotype. It has been suggested that corresponding mutations spread in Europe due to a founder effect shaped either by a relaxation of selection for dark, UV‐protective phenotypes or by sexual selection in favour of rare phenotypes. In our study, we investigated the levels of vitamin D precursor 25(OH)D3 (calcidiol) and folic acid in the blood serum of 73 redheaded and 130 non‐redheaded individuals. In redheaded individuals, we found higher 25(OH)D3 concentrations and approximately the same folic acid concentrations as in non‐redheaded subjects. 25(OH)D3 concentrations correlated with the intensity of hair redness measured by two spectrophotometric methods and estimated by participants themselves and by independent observers. In non‐redheaded individuals, 25(OH)D3 levels covaried with the amount of sun exposure and intensity of suntan while in redheaded individuals, this was not the case. It suggests that increased 25(OH)D3 levels in redheaded individuals are due to differences in physiology rather than in behaviour. We also found that folic acid levels increased with age and the intensity of baldness and decreased with the frequency of visiting tanning salons. Our results suggest that the redheaded phenotype could be an evolutionary adaptation for sufficient photosynthesis of provitamin D in conditions of low intensity of UVB radiation in central and northern parts of Europe.
Omentin‐1 attenuates adipose tissue inflammation via restoration of TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Zhou Hongli , Zhang Zuo , Qian Guisheng , Zhou Jiyin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOmentin‐1 is an adipokine expressed by the adipose tissue and is reduced in obesity. This study was designed to calculate the protective efficiency and mechanism of omentin‐1 against inflammation of the adipose tissue in obese mice. A transgenic mouse model with omentin‐1 protein overexpression was established by crossing omentin‐1 transgenic mice with Fabp4‐Cre mice. Obesity was induced in the mice by feeding them a high‐fat diet for 10 weeks. Fabp4‐Cre‐mediated overexpression of omentin‐1 significantly increased serum omentin‐1 level, serum anti‐inflammatory factor levels, and expression of M2‐specific mRNAs; inhibited body weight and adipose tissue weight gain; improved glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and insulin sensitivity; decreased serum levels of insulin and proinflammatory factors, adipocyte size, and expression of M1‐specific mRNAs; suppressed macrophage infiltration; downregulated expression of proinflammatory factors; upregulated expression of anti‐inflammatory factors; and inhibited thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP)/NOD‐like receptor 3 (NLRP3) signaling in the adipose tissue of obese mice. An NLRP3 inhibitor (20 mg/kg MCC950) exhibited the same effects as overexpression of omentin‐1. Pretreatment with omentin‐1 inhibited lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation via TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that omentin‐1 suppresses adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice, at least partly, via inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.