bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc induced structural changes in the intrinsically disordered BDNF Met prodomain confer synaptic elimination
Authors: Wang Jing , Anastasia Agustin , Bains Henrietta , Giza Joanna I , Clossey David G , Deng Jingjing , Neubert Thomas A , Rice William J , Lee Francis S , Hempstead Barbara L , Bracken Clay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) encodes a protein product consisting of a C-terminal mature domain (mature BDNF) and an N-terminal prodomain, which is an intrinsically disordered protein. A common single nucleotide polymorphism in humans results in a methionine substitution for valine at position 66 of the prodomain, and is associated with memory deficits, depression and anxiety disorders. The BDNF Met66 prodomain, but not the Val66 prodomain, promotes rapid structural remodeling of hippocampal neurons’ growth cones and dendritic spines by interacting directly with the SorCS2 receptor. While it has been reported that the Met66 and Val66 prodomains exhibit only modest differences in structural propensities in the apo state, here we show that Val66 and Met66 prodomains differentially bind zinc (Zn). Zn2+ binds with higher affinity and more broadly impacts residues on the Met66 prodomain compared to the Val66 prodomain as shown by NMR and ITC. Zn2+ binding to the Met66 and Val66 prodomains results in distinct conformational and macroscopic differences observed by NMR, light scattering and cryoEM. To determine if Zn2+ mediated conformational change in the Met66 prodomain is required for biological effect, we mutated His40, a Zn2+ binding site, and observed a loss of Met66 prodomain bioactivity. As the His40 site is distant from the known region of the prodomain involved in receptor binding, we suggest that Met66 prodomain bioactivity involves His40 mediated stabilization of the multimeric structure. Our results point to the necessity of a Zn2+-mediated higher order molecular assembly of the Met66 prodomain to mediate neuronal remodeling.
Investigation ofIL-4, IL-10, andHVEMpolymorphisms with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case–control study involving 1929 participants
Authors: Chen Shuchen , Cao Rui , Liu Chao , Tang Weifeng , Kang Mingqiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is believed that an individual’s hereditary factors may be involved in the development of esophageal cancer (EC). The present study recruited 721 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases and 1208 controls and explored the roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) genes in contributing to ESCC risk. IL-4, IL-10, and HVEM SNPs were analyzed by employing an SNPscan method. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, age and gender, we identified that the rs2070874 T&gt;C locus in IL-4 gene decreased the risk of ESCC (CC vs. TT: P=0.008; CC vs. TT/TC: P=0.010). After a stratified analysis, we suggested that the IL-4 rs2070874 T&gt;C variants might be a protective factor for ESCC in male, ≥63 years old, never smoking, drinking and BMI &lt; 24 kg/m2 subgroups. In addition, we identified that the rs2243263 G&gt;C polymorphism in IL-4 gene was a risk factor for ESCC development in the BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 subgroup (GC vs. GG: P=0.030 and GC/CC vs. GG: P=0.018). We identified an association of the IL-4 rs2070874 T&gt;C SNP with the decreased susceptibility of ESCC in stage I/II subgroup. Finally, we found an association of the IL-10 rs1800872 T&gt;G SNP with a worse differentiation (TG vs. TT: P=0.048 and GG/TG vs. TT: P=0.032). In conclusion, the findings indicate a potential importance of IL-4 rs2070874 T&gt;C, IL-4 rs2243263 G&gt;C and IL-10 rs1800872 T&gt;G SNPs in the development of ESCC.
Cartilage Regeneration with Cell-free Type 1 Collagen Matrix – Past, Present and Future (Part 1 – Clinical Aspects)
Authors: Roessler Philip Peter , Efe Turgay , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Schildberg Frank Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCartilage regeneration with cell-free matrices has developed from matrix-associated autologous cartilage cell transplantation (MACT) over ten years ago. Adjustments to the legal framework and higher hurdles for cell therapy have led to the procedures being established as an independent alternative to MACT. These procedures, which can be classified as matrix-induced autologous cartilage regeneration (MACR), all rely on the chemotactic stimulus of a cross-linked matrix, which mostly consists of collagens. Given the example of a commercially available type I collagen hydrogel, the state of clinical experience with MACR shall be summarized and an outlook on the development of the method shall be provided. It has been demonstrated in the clinical case series summarized here over the past few years that the use of the matrix is not only safe but also yields good clinical-functional and MR-tomographic results for both small (~ 10 mm) and large (> 10 mm) focal cartilage lesions. Depending on the size of the defect, MACR with a collagen type I matrix plays an important role as an alternative treatment method, in direct competition with both: microfracture and MACT.
A Quantitative Anatomic Study of Plate-Screw Fixation of the
Acetabular Posterior Column through a Posterior Approach
Authors: Wang Xianquan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine safe paths for screw
placement on the posterior column of the acetabulum.
Methods A total of 25 male hemipelvises were utilized in this study. These
hemipelvises were sectioned, and formed cross-sections A, B, C, D, and E. The
length of the screw and screw posterior column angle of the entry points at
cross-sections B, C, and D were measured.
Results On the margin of the acetabulum, lateral middle 1/4 point,
midpoint, medial middle 1/4 point, and medial margin of the posterior column of
each cross-section, the safe entry angle of inclination is 39, 57, 74, 90, and
106°, respectively, and the length of the screw is 35.5 mm, 33 mm, 32 mm, 31 mm,
and 74 mm, respectively.
Conclusion On the lateral 1/4 region, lateral middle 1/4 region, medial
middle 1/4 region, and medial 1/4 region of the posterior column, the screw
posterior column angle is 40 ~ 60°, 60 ~ 75°, 75 ~ 90°, and 90°~parallel to the
quadrilateral plate, respectively, and the length of the screw is 30 mm.
Automated Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Rinehart Joseph , Lee Sean , Saugel Bernd , Joosten Alexandre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractArterial pressure management is a crucial task in the operating room and intensive care unit. In high-risk surgical and in critically ill patients, sustained hypotension is managed with continuous infusion of vasopressor agents, which most commonly have direct α agonist activity like phenylephrine or norepinephrine. The current standard of care to guide vasopressor infusion is manual titration to an arterial pressure target range. This approach may be improved by using automated systems that titrate vasopressor infusions to maintain a target pressure. In this article, we review the evidence behind blood pressure management in the operating room and intensive care unit and discuss current and potential future applications of automated blood pressure control.
Aggressive Colorectal Cancer in the Young
Authors: Read Blake , Sylla Patricia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the steady decline in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and cancer-related mortality in Americans of 50 years and older over the last few decades, there has been a disturbing trend of steadily rising incidence in early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as CRC in those younger than 50 years. With the incidence of EOCRC increasing from 4.8 per 100,000 in 1988 to 8.0 per 100,000 in 2015, and with the decreased rates in those older than 50 years largely attributed to improved screening in the older population, new screening recommendations have recently lowered the age for screening average-risk individuals from 50 to 45. EOCRC has been found to present differently from late-onset CRC, with a higher proportion of patients presenting with left-sided and rectal cancer, more aggressive histological features, and more advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. This article reviews the most recent evidence from population-based studies and institutional series, as well as the newest screening guidelines, and provides an up-to-date summary of our current understanding of EOCRC, from clinical presentation to tumor biology and prognosis, and future directions in treatment and prevention.
High Signal Intensity on Diffusion-Weighted Images Reflects Acute Phase of Deep Vein Thrombus
Authors: Gi Toshihiro , Kuroiwa Yasuyoshi , Yamashita Atsushi , Mizutani Yuko , Asanuma Taketoshi , Miyati Tosiaki , Maekawa Kazunari , Aman Murasaki , Imamura Takuroh , Asada Yujiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effects of antithrombotic therapy on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be affected by thrombus age, which cannot be reliably determined by noninvasive imaging modalities. We investigated whether magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can localize and determine the age of venous thrombus in patients with DVT, animal models, and human blood in vitro. Signal intensity (SI) on DWI and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of thrombi were assessed in eight patients with DVT using a 1.5-T MR imaging (MRI) system. We assessed the organizing processes as venous thrombus developed in the rabbit jugular vein using a 3.0-T MRI system over time. We also assessed MRI signals of human blood in vitro using the 1.5-T MRI system. Venous thrombi were detected by DWI as areas of high or mixed high and iso SI in all patients. The ADCs were lower in the proximal, than in the distal portion of the thrombi. The thrombi of rabbit jugular veins histologically organized in a time-dependent manner, with high SI on DWI at 4 hours, mixed high and iso SI at 1 and 2 weeks, and iso SI at 3 weeks. The ADC correlated negatively with erythrocyte content, and positively with smooth muscle cells, macrophages, hemosiderin, and collagen content. MRI signals of human blood in vitro showed that ADCs were affected by erythrocyte content, but not by blood clotting. MR-DWI can detect venous thrombus, and high SI on DWI accompanied by a low ADC might reflect erythrocyte-rich, acute-phase thrombi.
Anti-stress effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extract on intestinal goblet cells and immobility of forced-swimming test in BALB/c mice
Authors: Kayashima Tomoko , Nagao Koji , Umino Mituki , Kaikiri Hiroko , Shibata Sachi , Matsubara Kiminori 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We investigated the anti-stress effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extract (RLE) on restraint-stressed mice and found that RLE alleviated decreases in the number of intestinal goblet cells and amount of hepatic triglycerides. It also decreased the immobility time in the forced-swimming test and activation of microglia in the brain, suggesting that RLE has beneficial effects on stress-induced dysfunctions.
Quantitative Mitigation Analysis: An ecosystem valuation tool to facilitate planning, restoration and mitigation
Authors: Reilly Tim 
Published: August 2020

Globally, human development has proceeded at a rapid pace for the past several decades for both terrestrial and aquatic/marine environments. Project developers, government decision-makers and the public have had little data regarding the relative values of natural resources, or losses thereof, to facilitate project – and corresponding natural resource takings/ecosystem degradation – decision-making, resulting in intrinsic, but poorly quantified, environmental degradation.
Accordingly, we have found that an effective strategy for communicating the value of ecosystems and related natural resources to facilitate smart resource management is to monetize the replacement value of resource losses from development. A number of tools have been developed for monetizing resource value, including quantitative mitigation analysis to address compensating for ecosystem and related natural resource losses due to human development.
Quantitative Mitigation Analysis is a methodology developed to assist project developers and regulatory agencies alike with developing or evaluating cost-effective, defensible, quantitatively based compensatory mitigation strategies for developments that result in the taking of, or diminution in quality to, habitats and related natural resources. Quantitative Mitigation Analysis quantifies loss of ecological function from proposed developments and determines the amount of mitigation required as compensation. This paper introduces and describes Quantitative Mitigation Analysis and presents a case example that demonstrates how Quantitative Mitigation Analysis may be applied to construction projects resulting in substantive habitat destruction for the benefit of project developers and the regulatory community alike.
On the influence of Earth’s rotation on light propagation in waveguides
Authors: Mieling Thomas B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We analyse the influence of Earth’s rotation on the propagation of light in optical media. This is done using both geometrical optics and a perturbative calculation based on Maxwell’s equations in rotating coordinates in flat spacetime. Considering light propagation in cylindrical step-index waveguides in particular, the first order correction to electromagnetic modes is computed. The calculation shows that Earth’s spin causes a weak mode coupling, giving rise to sidebands, whose amplitudes are computed as well. The correction to the dispersion relation derived here allows to assess the anisotropy of light propagation due to Earth’s rotation. The linearisation of this result is found to agree numerically with a simple formula derived from geometrical optics.
Analysis of a localised nonlinear ensemble Kalman Bucy filter with complete and accurate observations
Authors: de Wiljes Jana , Tong Xin T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Concurrent observation technologies have made high-precision real-time data available in large quantities. Data assimilation (DA) is concerned with how to combine this data with physical models to produce accurate predictions. For spatial–temporal models, the ensemble Kalman filter with proper localisation techniques is considered to be a state-of-the-art DA methodology. This article proposes and investigates a localised ensemble Kalman Bucy filter for nonlinear models with short-range interactions. We derive dimension-independent and component-wise error bounds and show the long time path-wise error only has logarithmic dependence on the time range. The theoretical results are verified through some simple numerical tests.
Growth of α- and β-Ga2O3 epitaxial layers on sapphire substrates using liquid-injection MOCVD
Authors: Egyenes-Pörsök F , Gucmann F , Hušeková K , Dobročka E , Sobota M , Mikolášek M , Fröhlich K , Ťapajna M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ga2O3, a wide-bandgap semiconductor material, offers a great potential for power and high-voltage electronic devices. We report on the growth of undoped α- and β-phase Ga2O3 using liquid-injection metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (LI-MOCVD) on sapphire substrates. Using the same precursor (gallium acetylacetonate) and deposition temperature of 700 °C, the phase selection was controlled by the sapphire substrate orientation, where the growth of α- and β-phase Ga2O3 was achieved on m- and c-plane surface, respectively. As deduced from x-ray diffraction, α-Ga2O3 films show epitaxial character, while β- Ga2O3 films exhibit highly textured structure. Oxygen flow was also found to have a strong impact on the phase purity of α-Ga2O3 for the flow rates examined. Optical and electrical properties of the layers grown at different oxygen flow rates were also studied systematically. LI-MOCVD growth of α-phase Ga2O3 layers at relatively high deposition temperature widens the high-temperature processing of the Ga2O3-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Monitoring the looseness of a bolt through laser ultrasonic
Authors: Zhou Yang , Yuan Ci , Sun Xinyao , Yang Yanqi , Wang Chao , Li Dalei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
laser ultrasonic was applied to monitor the looseness of a bolt, aiming at the phenomenon that bolts can be loose after being assembled in a machine. We expound the experimental principle to monitor the bolt looseness by wave energy dissipation based on Hertzian theory of contact, taking only the asperity elastic deformation into account in our research. In the experiment, guided wave was induced by the laser, which was stimulated on the plate, to realize the goal of non-contact excitation. A piezoelectric sensor was used to receive the guided wave signal in the experiment. The distribution of guided wave power with frequency was observed by a Welch power spectral density (WPSD) image, and then the power of guided wave was calculated by power spectral density(PSD). We found that the power of guided wave is positively correlated with bolt torque. This conclusion is feasible for plates of different roughness (Ra0.5 ∼ Ra1.5), clamped by a bolt, verifying the efficiency of the method to monitor the bolt looseness through laser ultrasonic.This was verified by numerical analysis. Finally, the formula between power and bolt torque was fitted for bolted-joints in our experiment.
The ultimate state of convection: a unifying picture of very high Rayleigh numbers experiments
Authors: Roche Philippe-E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The long-standing puzzle of diverging heat transport measurements at very high Rayleigh numbers (Ra) is addressed by a simple model based on well-known properties of classical boundary layers. The transition to the ‘ultimate state’ of convection in Rayleigh–Bénard cells is modeled as sub-critical transition controlled by the instability of large-scale boundary-layer eddies. These eddies are restricted in size either by the lateral wall or by the horizontal plates depending on the cell aspect ratio (in cylindrical cells, the cross-over occurs for a diameter-to-height ratio around 2 or 3). The large-scale wind known to settle across convection cells is assumed to have antagonist effects on the transition depending on its strength, leading to wind-immune, wind-hindered or wind-assisted routes to the ultimate regime. In particular winds of intermediate strength are assumed to hinder the transition by disrupting heat transfer, contrary to what is assumed in standard models. This phenomenological model is able to reconcile observations from more than a dozen of convection cells from Grenoble, Eugene, Trieste, Göttingen and Brno. In particular, it accounts for unexplained observations at high Ra, such as Prandtl number and aspect ratio dependences, great receptivity to details of the sidewall and differences in heat transfer efficiency between experiments.
Running vacuum model in a non-flat universe *
Authors: Geng Chao-Qiang , Hsu Yan-Ting , Yin Lu , Zhang Kaituo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We investigate observational constraints on the running vacuum model (RVM) of

in a spatially curved universe, where

is the model parameter,

corresponds to the spatial curvature constant,

represents the scalar factor, and

is a constant defined by the boundary conditions. We study the CMB power spectra with several sets of

and

in the RVM. By fitting the cosmological data, we find that the best fitted

value for RVM is slightly smaller than that of

CDM in the non-flat universe, along with the constraints of

(68% C.L.) and

(95% C.L.). In particular, our results favor the open universe in both

CDM and RVM. In addition, we show that the cosmological constraints of

(RVM) and

(

CDM) at 95% C.L. for the neutrino mass sum are relaxed in both models in the spatially curved universe.
Revisiting black hole thermodynamics in massive gravity: charged particle absorption and infalling shell of dust *
Authors: Hu Shi-Qian , Liu Bo , Kuang Xiao-Mei , Yue Rui-Hong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, we apply two methods to consider the variation of massive black holes in both normal and extended thermodynamic phase spaces. The first method considers a charged particle being absorbed by the black hole, whereas the second considers a shell of dust falling into it. With the former method, the first and second laws of thermodynamics are always satisfied in the normal phase space; however, in the extended phase space, the first law is satisfied but the validity of the second law of thermodynamics depends upon the model parameters. With the latter method, both laws are valid. We argue that the former method's violation of the second law of thermodynamics may be attributable to the assumption that the change of internal energy of the black hole is equal to the energy of the particle. Finally, we demonstrate that the event horizon always ensures the validity of weak cosmic censorship in both phase spaces; this means that the violation of the second law of thermodynamics, arising under the aforementioned assumption, does not affect the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. This further supports our argument that the assumption in the first method is responsible for the violation and requires deeper treatment.
The effective potential originating from swampland and the non-trivial Brans-Dicke coupling *
Authors: Li Qi , Li Jing , Zhou Yongxiang , Xue Xun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The effective vacuum energy density contributed by the non-trivial contortion distribution and the bare vacuum energy density can be viewed as the energy density of the auxiliary quintessence field potential. We find that the negative bare vacuum energy density from string landscape leads to a monotonically decreasing quintessence potential while the positive one from swampland leads to the metastable or stable de Sitter-like potential. Moreover, the non-trivial Brans-Dicke like coupling between the quintessence field and gravitation field is necessary in the latter case.
A semi-automated finite difference mesh creation method for use with immersed boundary software IB2d and IBAMR
Authors: Senter D Michael , Douglas Dylan R , Strickland W Christopher , Thomas Steven G , Talkington Anne M , Miller Laura A , Battista Nicholas A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Numerous fluid-structure interaction problems in biology have been investigated using the immersed boundary method. The advantage of this method is that complex geometries, e.g., internal or external morphology, can easily be handled without the need to generate matching grids for both the fluid and the structure. Consequently, the difficulty of modeling the structure lies often in discretizing the boundary of the complex geometry (morphology). Both commercial and open source mesh generators for finite element methods have long been established; however, the traditional immersed boundary method is based on a finite difference discretization of the structure. Here we present a software library for obtaining finite difference discretizations of boundaries for direct use in the 2D immersed boundary method. This library provides tools for extracting such boundaries as discrete mesh points from digital images. We give several examples of how the method can be applied that include passing flow through the veins of insect wings, within lymphatic capillaries, and around starfish using open-source immersed boundary software.