bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration of physiotherapists' perceived benefits and barriers towards using psychosocial strategies in their practice
Authors: Driver Christina , Oprescu Florin , Lovell Geoff P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine what physiotherapists perceive are the benefits of using psychosocial strategies in their own practice, and whether perceived barriers extend beyond practitioner and contextual barriers.MethodsContent analysis of two open‐ended questions was conducted. Australian physiotherapists (n = 206) provided written comments.ResultsThree key categories of benefits emerged: patient benefits, shared patient and physiotherapist benefits, and physiotherapist benefits. Patient benefits included improved rehabilitation experience, improved patient wellbeing and improvement of psychosocial responses. Specifically, increased patient enjoyment, improved self‐management and improved understanding of the links between their physical and psychological health. Therapeutic alliance appeared as a shared patient and physiotherapist benefit, with specific reference to enhanced partnerships and improved patient‐centred practice. Physiotherapist benefits comprised of improved needs assessment and occupational benefits such as reduced load. Three key categories of physiotherapist barriers, contextual barriers, and patient barriers emerged. Time, knowledge, confidence, lack of expertise, and limited formal training, were the main barriers, specifically a lack of practical training, and for more complex strategies. Physiotherapists acknowledged patient barriers such as patient resistance, lack of understanding, and complex mental health needs.ConclusionsThese findings contribute novel information with regard to the benefits and barriers of psychosocial approaches from a physiotherapist perspective. Physiotherapists may benefit from further support in their use of psychosocial approaches, to emphasize the benefits for their own practice. Furthermore, to potentially reduce patient barriers and improve outcomes, patient education concerning a biopsychosocial model of care could be valuable.
A local grid refinement scheme for B‐spline material point method
Authors: Sun Zheng , Gan Yong , Huang Zhilong , Zhou Xiaomin 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA local grid refinement scheme for the material point method with B‐spline basis functions (BSMPM) is developed based on the concept of bridging domain approach. The fine grid is defined in the local large‐deformation regions to accurately capture the complex material responses, whereas other spatial domains are discritized by coarse grids. In the overlapping domain between the fine and coarse grids, the constraint of particle displacements obtained with different grids is enforced using the Lagrange multiplier method to eliminate the spurious stress reflection at the fine/coarse grid interface. Representative numerical examples have shown that the BSMPM simulations with the proposed local grid refinement scheme could provide the solutions in good agreement with those obtained with the uniformly fine grid, and that no significant spurious stress reflection is induced at the fine/coarse grid interface, even for the bridging domain size as small as the cell size of the fine grid. It is also found that the proposed local grid refinement method can significantly reduce the BSMPM computational time compared with the cases for uniformly fine grids. A multitime‐step algorithm is presented and shown to considerably enhance the efficiency of the present local grid refinement scheme with no compromise in accuracy.
Constrained Glu‐Gly and Gln‐Gly dipeptide surrogates from γ‐substituted α‐amino‐δ‐lactam synthesis
Authors: Mulamreddy Ramakotaiah , Lubell William D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConformationally rigid α‐amino‐δ‐lactam surrogates of Glu‐Gly and Gln‐Gly dipeptides have been synthesized from α‐amino‐γ‐vinyl‐δ‐lactam precursors. A reductive cyclization protocol from the respective (4R)‐ and (4S)‐2‐N‐(Boc)amino‐4‐(azidomethyl)hexenoates gave δ‐lactams, which were converted to the corresponding dipeptide surrogates by N‐alkylation with methyl bromoacetate. The utility of these α‐amino‐γ‐vinyl‐δ‐lactam building blocks was demonstrated by olefin oxidation and peptide coupling to prepare constrained Glu and Gln residues.
Examining the predictive association of irritability with borderline personality disorder in a clinical sample of female adolescents
Authors: Dyce Lisa , Sassi Roberto B. , Boylan Khrista 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a disorder associated with emotion dysregulation and is common in clinical samples of adolescents. The identification and delineation of BPD from other disorders is important, yet methods for effectively screening for BPD are lacking. Here, we examine whether irritability can be used as a screening item for BPD in adolescents at risk for the disorder.MethodsWe assessed Diagnostic Interview for Borderline—Revised and Development of Well‐Being Assessment scores in a clinical sample of female adolescents ages 12–17 (n = 78) to identify BPD and group cases into ‘irritable' and ‘non‐irritable' mood types, respectively. We then examined the prevalence of irritability and its predictive association with BPD.ResultsThe prevalence of BPD was 26% (n = 20). There was a significant association between irritable mood and BPD, specifically (χ2(1) = 17.740, p < 0.001). Irritability was endorsed in all (n = 20) BPD cases (sensitivity: 100%), while in non‐BPD cases (n = 58), irritability was endorsed in 27 (specificity: 53%; positive predictive value: 0.33; and negative predictive value: 1.0).ConclusionIrritability is a highly sensitive screening item for BPD in adolescents. The absence of irritability in an adolescent may be an important clinical tool to rule out BPD. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise capacity and ventilation inhomogeneity in cystic fibrosis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gambazza Simone , Guarise Riccardo , Carta Federica , Ambrogi Federico , Mirabella Marina , Brivio Anna , Colombo Carla 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLung clearance index (LCI2.5) is a marker of overall lung ventilation inhomogeneity and has proven to be able to detect early peripheral damage in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF), with greater sensitivity than conventional spirometry. Combining its sensitivity with the output of an incremental exercise testing, we hypothesized that any sign of ventilation inhomogeneity in subjects without severe airflow obstruction and with a normal exercise tolerance could be relevant for the CF team, tracking early lung disease and potential exercise limiting factors.MethodsPatients with CF in clinical stable conditions were recruited between 2015 and 2017. Available spirometry, nitrogen multiple‐breath washout test and symptoms‐limited exercise testing performed as parts of patients' annual routine evaluation were considered for this cross‐sectional study. To describe the relationship between exercise intensity and ventilation inhomogeneity, a linear regression analysis was performed using backward elimination based on Akaike information criteria.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients (38 females) were included. Sacin and LCI2.5 were significantly higher in patients with an overall reduced exercise tolerance. Peak work developed during exercise was associated with body mass index (b = 5.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53‐8.98), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1; b = 3.71; 95% CI = 1.96‐5.46), Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infection (b = −8.84; 95% CI = −15.84 to −1.84) but not with LCI2.5.ConclusionExercise capacity and airflow obstruction are associated in this Italian CF cohort. Considering the greater discriminatory power of LCI2.5 over FEV1 and peak work, the Godfrey protocol without gas analysis cannot provide detailed information about lung function or efficiency. However, this incremental protocol without gas exchange measures can still provide the CF team with information about exercise tolerance and disability.
Fragment‐based discovery of flexible inhibitor targeting wild‐type acetohydroxyacid synthase and P197L mutant
Authors: Qu Ren‐Yu , Yang Jing‐Fang , Chen Qiong , Niu Cong‐Wei , Xi Zhen , Yang Wen‐Chao , Yang Guang‐Fu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntensifying weed resistance has challenged the use of existing acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)‐inhibiting herbicides. Hence, there is currently an urgent requirement for the discovery of a new AHAS inhibitor to effectively control AHAS herbicide‐resistant weed species produced by target mutation.RESULTSTo combat weed resistance caused by AHAS with P197L mutation, we built a structure library consisting of pyrimidinyl‐salicylic acid derivatives. Using the pharmacophore‐linked fragment virtual screening (PFVS) approach, hit compound 8 bearing 6‐phenoxymethyl substituent was identified as a potential AHAS inhibitor with antiresistance effect. Subsequently, derivatives of compound 8 were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities. The study of the enzyme‐based structure–activity relationship and structure−resistance relationship studies led to the discovery of a qualified candidate, 28. This compound not only significantly inhibited the activity of wild‐type Arabidopsis thaliana (At) AHAS and P197L mutant, but also exhibited good antiresistance properties (RF = 0.79). Notably, compared with bispyribac at 37.5–150 g of active ingredient per hectare (g a.i. ha–1), compound 27 exhibited higher growth inhibition against both sensitive and resistant Descurainia sophia,CONCLUSIONThe title compounds have great potential to be developed as new leads to effectively control herbicide‐resistant weeds comprising AHAS with P197L mutation. Also, our study provided a positive case for discovering novel, potent and antiresistance inhibitors using a fragment‐based drug design approach.
trans‐2‐Octenal, a single compound of a fungal origin, controls Sclerotium rolfsii, both in vitro and in soil
Authors: Liarzi Orna , Benichis Marina , Gamliel Abraham , Ezra David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSclerotium rolfsii is a soil‐borne phytopathogenic fungus that causes diseases in economically important crops. Eradication of the fungus is hampered by its wide range of hosts, as well as its capacity to form sclerotia. Recently, we have shown that the endophytic fungus Daldinia cf. concentrica emits biologically active volatile organic compounds (VOCs); we also demonstrated that one VOC, trans‐2‐octenal, was the most effective against various phytopathogenic fungi. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the potential of this compound to control hyphae and sclerotia of S. rolfsii, both in vitro and in soil.RESULTSWe found that in vitro exposure of S. rolfsii mycelium to trans‐2‐octenal in air fully inhibits and kills the fungus. Elimination of sclerotia viability occurred at the same concentration, but direct contact between the sclerotia and the compound was needed. trans‐2‐Octenal also affected the viability of both hyphae and sclerotia of S. rolfsii in small pots containing loam soil.CONCLUSIONWe suggest the use of trans‐2‐octenal as a novel compound to control S. rolfsii. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Output feedback stabilization of time‐delay nonlinear systems with unknown continuous time‐varying output function and nonlinear growth rate
Authors: Sun Zong‐Yao , Xing Jing‐Wen , Chen Chih‐Chiang 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis article addresses the problem of global output feedback stabilization for a class of time‐varying delay nonlinear systems with polynomial growth rate. The systems under investigation possess two remarkable features: the output is perturbed by an unknown sensitivity function that is not differentiable but continuous, and the nonlinearities are bounded by a polynomial function of the output multiplied by unmeasurable state variables. The new full‐order observer is established by introducing a dynamic gain and filtering unknown nonlinearities and time‐varying delay. With the help of the transformation skill and the reasonable combination of several systems, this article proposes a linear output feedback controller with the dynamic gain and completes the performance analysis based on the construction of two integral Lyapunov functions. Finally, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of control strategy.
Pulp stem cells derived from human permanent and deciduous teeth: Biological characteristics and therapeutic applications
Authors: Shi Xin , Mao Jing , Liu Yan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Human pulp stem cells (PSCs) include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from dental pulp tissues of human extracted permanent teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Depending on their multipotency and sensitivity to local paracrine activity, DPSCs and SHED exert therapeutic applications at multiple levels beyond the scope of the stomatognathic system. This review is specifically concentrated on PSC-updated biological characteristics and their promising therapeutic applications in (pre)clinical practice. Biologically, distinguished from conventional mesenchymal stem cell markers in vitro, NG2, Gli1, and Celsr1 have been evidenced as PSC markers in vivo. Both perivascular cells and glial cells account for PSC origin. Therapeutically, endodontic regeneration is where PSCs hold the most promises, attributable of PSCs’ robust angiogenic, neurogenic, and odontogenic capabilities. More recently, the interplay between cell homing and liberated growth factors from dentin matrix has endowed a novel approach for pulp-dentin complex regeneration. In addition, PSC transplantation for extraoral tissue repair and regeneration has achieved immense progress, following their multipotential differentiation and paracrine mechanism. Accordingly, PSC banking is undergoing extensively with the intent of advancing tissue engineering, disease remodeling, and (pre)clinical treatments.

Significance statement Pulp stem cells can be readily harvested from dental pulp tissue of extracted permanent teeth and exfoliated deciduous teeth, respectively. However, a systematic and comprehensive review about pulp stem cells in terms of biological attributes and therapeutic applications is lacking. Accordingly, this review is concentrated on pulp stem cells to emphasize their updated biological characteristics such as cell markers, multipotency and origin, and promising therapeutic applications, including endodontic regeneration and extraoral tissue repair and regeneration, as well as rising cell bank with the intent of enhancing the understanding of dental mesenchymal stem cells and advancing associated tissue engineering and disease treatment.
Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Taghinejad Mohammad , Xu Zihao , Wang Hua , Taghinejad Hossein , Lee Kyu‐Tae , Rodrigues Sean P. , Adibi Ali , Qian Xiaofeng , Lian Tianquan , Cai Wenshan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAtomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in their excited states can serve as exceptionally small building blocks for active optical platforms. In this scheme, optical excitation provides a practical approach to control light‐TMD interactions via the photocarrier generation, in an ultrafast manner. Here, it is demonstrated that via a controlled generation of photocarriers the second‐harmonic generation (SHG) from a monolayer MoS2 crystal can be substantially modulated up to ≈55% within a timeframe of ≈250 fs, a set of performance characteristics that showcases the promise of low‐dimensional materials for all‐optical nonlinear data processing. The combined experimental and theoretical study suggests that the large SHG modulation stems from the correlation between the second‐order dielectric susceptibility χ(2) and the density of photoexcited carriers in MoS2. Indeed, the depopulation of the conduction band electrons, at the vicinity of the high‐symmetry K/K′ points of MoS2, suppresses the contribution of interband electronic transitions in the effective χ(2) of the monolayer crystal, enabling the all‐optical modulation of the SHG signal. The strong dependence of the second‐order optical response on the density of photocarriers reveals the promise of time‐resolved nonlinear characterization as an alternative route to monitoring carrier dynamics in excited states of TMDs.
In Situ N‐Doped Graphene and Mo Nanoribbon Formation from Mo2Ti2C3 MXene Monolayers
Authors: Mendes Rafael Gregorio , Ta Huy Quang , Yang Xiaoqin , Li Wei , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Choi Jin‐Ho , Gemming Thomas , Anasori Babak , Lijun Liu , Fu Lei , Liu Zhongfan , Rümmeli Mark Hermann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the advent of monolayered 2D transition metal carbide and nitrides (MXenes) in 2011, the number of different monolayer systems and the study thereof have been on the rise. Mo2Ti2C3 is one of the least studied MXenes and new insights to this material are of value to the field. Here, the stability of Mo2Ti2C3 under electron irradiation is investigated. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the structural and elemental changes in situ. It is found that Mo2Ti2C3 is reasonably stable for the first 2 min of irradiation. However, structural changes occur thereafter, which trigger increasingly rapid and significant rearrangement. This results in the formation of pores and two new nanomaterials, namely, N‐doped graphene membranes and Mo nanoribbons. The study provides insight into the stability of Mo2Ti2C3 monolayers against electron irradiation, which will allow for reliable future study of the material using TEM. Furthermore, these findings will facilitate further research in the rapidly growing field of electron beam driven chemistry and engineering of nanomaterials.
Salmonella serovars associated with Grenadian tree boa (Corallus grenadensis) and their antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: Rush Elizabeth M. , Amadi Victor A. , Johnson Roger , Lonce Nicholas , Hariharan Harry 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCloacal swabs from 45 Grenada bank tree boas (Corallus grenadensis) were sampled during a 12‐month period (2011–2012) from the rain forests and scrublands of Grenada. Cloacal swabs were examined by enrichment and selective culture for the presence of Salmonella spp. In all, 16 (35.6%) of the snakes were positive for Salmonella, and six serovars of Salmonella were isolated. The most common serovar was Rubislaw (31.3%), the most frequent serovar recently isolated from green iguanas in Grenada, followed by serovar Braenderup (18.8%), and serovar IV:48:g,z51:‐ (formerly, S. Marina) (18.8%), also found in green iguanas in this country. The remaining three less frequent serovars were, IV:53:g,z51:‐, I:6,7:e,h:‐ and IIIb:38:i:z. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests conducted by a disc diffusion method against amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole showed that drug resistance is minimal, with intermediate susceptibility, only to streptomycin. This is the first report of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella serovars from wild Grenadian tree boas.
WInc3D: A novel framework for turbulence‐resolving simulations of wind farm wake interactions
Authors: Deskos Georgios , Laizet Sylvain , Palacios Rafael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA fast and efficient turbulence‐resolving computational framework, dubbed as WInc3D (Wind Incompressible 3‐Dimensional solver), is presented and validated in this paper. WInc3D offers a unified, highly scalable, high‐fidelity framework for the study of the flow structures and turbulence of wind farm wakes and their impact on the individual turbines' power and loads. Its unique properties lie on the use of higher‐order numerical schemes with “spectral‐like” accuracy, a highly efficient parallelisation strategy which allows the code to scale up to O(104) computing processors and software compactness (use of only native solvers/models) with virtually no dependence to external libraries. The work presents an overview of the current modelling capabilities along with model validation. The presented applications demonstrate the ability of WInc3D to be used for testing farm‐level optimal control strategies using turbine wakes under yawed conditions. Examples are provided for two turbines operating in‐line as well as a small array of 16 turbines operating under “Greedy” and “Co‐operative” yaw angle settings. These large‐scale simulations were performed with up to 8192 computational cores for under 24 hours, for a computational domain discretised with O(109) mesh nodes.
New higher derivative action for tensor multiplet in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 conformal supergravity in four dimensions
Authors: Hegde Subramanya , Sahoo Bindusar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We will use the covariant superform approach to develop a new density formula for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 conformal supergravity which is based on a fermionic multiplet whose lowest component is a dimension-5/2 spinor. We will show that this density formula admits an embedding of the real scalar multiplet of [1]. Upon using the embedding of the tensor multiplet into the real scalar multiplet, we will construct a new higher derivative action of the tensor multiplet in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 conformal supergravity.
Flavored extended instanton in QCD
Authors: Gorsky A. , Grekov A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We discuss new flavored space-like defects in confined QCD which can be considered as the Euclidean extended instantons carrying the topologically quantized currents. We focus on the simplest ld space-like defect -the S-Skyrmion solution extended in one space coordinate and localized in Euclidean time. It can be identified both in the holographic QCD and in the Chiral Perturbation Theory(ChPT). The Skyrmion charges get transformed into the corresponding currents for S-Skyrmion. The analogy with the Thouless pump and the quantum phase slip phenomena is mentioned.
The Stochastic Viscous Cahn–Hilliard Equation: Well-Posedness, Regularity and Vanishing Viscosity Limit
Authors: Scarpa Luca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWell-posedness is proved for the stochastic viscous Cahn–Hilliard equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and Wiener multiplicative noise. The double-well potential is allowed to have any growth at infinity (in particular, also super-polynomial) provided that it is everywhere defined on the real line. A vanishing viscosity argument is carried out and the convergence of the solutions to the ones of the pure Cahn–Hilliard equation is shown. Some refined regularity results are also deduced for both the viscous and the non-viscous case.