bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Judging in the Buddha’s Court: A Buddhist Judicial System in Contemporary Asia
Authors: Schonthal Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrawing on textual and ethnographic research conducted over the last five years, this article analyses an important genre of judicial practice in South and Southeast Asia that has been almost entirely ignored by socio-legal scholars: Buddhist systems of judging. Using the judicial system of one monastic group in contemporary Sri Lanka as a case-study, it argues that Buddhist judging requires more than just the internalization of moral principles, as is often assumed. According to Buddhist (monastic) principles of judging, legal procedures—similar to those used in state legal settings—are equally essential. These procedures govern everything from making legal complaints, to the structuring of trials, to determining jurisdiction, and many other topics. By examining Buddhist judicial systems, this article not only casts new light on the pluri-legal landscape of Asia; it also offers new reflections on the intersection of religion-based and state-based systems of law in the contemporary world.
Maker–Breaker percolation games I: crossing grids
Authors: Day A. Nicholas , Falgas-Ravry Victor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMotivated by problems in percolation theory, we study the following two-player positional game. Let Λm×n be a rectangular grid-graph with m vertices in each row and n vertices in each column. Two players, Maker and Breaker, play in alternating turns. On each of her turns, Maker claims p (as yet unclaimed) edges of the board Λm×n, while on each of his turns Breaker claims q (as yet unclaimed) edges of the board and destroys them. Maker wins the game if she manages to claim all the edges of a crossing path joining the left-hand side of the board to its right-hand side, otherwise Breaker wins. We call this game the (p, q)-crossing game on Λm×n.Given m, n ∈ ℕ, for which pairs (p, q) does Maker have a winning strategy for the (p, q)-crossing game on Λm×n? The (1, 1)-case corresponds exactly to the popular game of Bridg-it, which is well understood due to it being a special case of the older Shannon switching game. In this paper we study the general (p, q)-case. Our main result is to establish the following transition.
If p ≥ 2q, then Maker wins the game on arbitrarily long versions of the narrowest board possible, that is, Maker has a winning strategy for the (2q, q)-crossing game on Λm×(q+1) for any m ∈ ℕ.If p ≤ 2q − 1, then for every width n of the board, Breaker has a winning strategy for the (p, q)-crossing game on Λm×n for all sufficiently large board-lengths m.Our winning strategies in both cases adapt more generally to other grids and crossing games. In addition we pose many new questions and problems.
Nudging healthy eating in Dutch sports canteens: a multi-method case study
Authors: van Rookhuijzen Merije , de Vet Emely 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To provide a micro-investigation into the long-term effects and process of implementation of a nudge intervention on food choice in sports canteens.Design:Multi-method case study.Setting:Eight products were added to the range of foods and drinks in two football canteens in the Netherlands for 3 and 15 weeks, serving as a baseline period. In the intervention period, these products were promoted with the use of salience, scarcity, availability and default nudges, for 26 and 16 weeks, respectively. Aside from the collection of sales and revenue data, reach, acceptability, adherence and applicability were measured using observations, questionnaires and interviews.Participants:Questionnaires were filled in by seventy and fifty-nine visitors of the canteens. Four interviews were held with board members and canteen personnel.Results:Mixed results were obtained regarding the suitability of nudges to be used to promote healthy eating in sports clubs. Sales and revenue data did show positive trends, the intervention was seen as acceptable by all stakeholders and the intervention had a large reach. However, adherence to the intervention in both canteens and the effects of the nudges on the total consumption pattern were low. Factors were identified that promoted or hindered the intervention at an individual, interventional and organisational level.Conclusions:Nudges seem to be a valuable addition to other efforts to combat unhealthy eating. However, the extent of their impact as a single intervention tool is limited in the current food-abundant environment.
Community perspectives on maternal and child health during nutrition and economic transition in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Watson Daniella , Kehoe Sarah H , Erzse Agnes , Compaoré Adélaïde , Debpuur Cornelius , Nonterah Engelbert A , Sorgho Hermann , Norris Shane A , Hofman Karen J , Lawrence Wendy , Newell Marie-Louise , Godfrey Keith M , Ward Kate A , Barker Mary ,   for the INPreP group
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore community perceptions on maternal and child nutrition issues in Sub-Saharan Africa.Design:Thirty focus groups with men and women from three communities facilitated by local researchers.Setting:One urban (Soweto, South Africa) and two rural settings (Navrongo, Ghana and Nanoro, Burkina Faso) at different stages of economic transition.Participants:Two hundred thirty-seven men and women aged 18–55 years, mostly subsistence farmers in Navrongo and Nanoro and low income in Soweto.Results:Differences in community concerns about maternal and child health and nutrition reflected the transitional stage of the country. Community priorities revolved around poor nutrition and hunger caused by poverty, lack of economic opportunity and traditional gender roles. Men and women felt they had limited control over food and other resources. Women wanted men to take more responsibility for domestic chores, including food provision, while men wanted more involvement in their families but felt unable to provide for them. Solutions suggested focusing on ways of increasing control over economic production, family life and domestic food supplies. Rural communities sought agricultural support, while the urban community wanted regulation of the food environment.Conclusions:To be acceptable and effective, interventions to improve maternal and child nutrition need to take account of communities’ perceptions of their needs and address wider determinants of nutritional status and differences in access to food reflecting the stage of the country’s economic transition. Findings suggest that education and knowledge are necessary but not sufficient to support improvements in women’s and children’s nutritional status.
Study of the formation of ferrihydrite under prebiotic chemistry conditions: artificial seawater 4.0 Gy and ammonium thiocyanate
Authors: Zaia Dimas A. M. , Coutinho Murilo A. , Mosca Dante H , da Costa Antônio C. S. , Urbano Alexandre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmong the several steps involved in molecular evolution, molecular preconcentration is the first and most important. If the molecules are not preconcentrated the other steps of molecular evolution cannot occur. There are several ways to preconcentrate molecules: sorption, wetting/drying cycles, freezing/sublimation and sorption/precipitation with minerals. In the present work, the effect of NH4SCN and artificial seawater 4.0 Gy on the synthesis of ferrihydrite was studied. It should be noted that thiocyanate could play the same role as that of CN−in the Strecker reaction. Unlike today's seawater that has high Na+and Cl−concentrations, the seawater used in this work has high Mg2+, Ca2+and SO42−concentrations. Two results stand out, first SCN−and NH4+were preconcentrated by sorption/precipitation in some syntheses and second, in some experiments, a mixture of goethite, hematite and magnetite was obtained. The sorption/precipitation of SCN−is always associated with the synthesis of goethite. This could be an indication that SCN−interacts with Fe3+through the sulphur group of SCN−. In addition, the synthesis of magnetite could be an indication that the SCN−ion oxidized, forming thiocyanogen-(SCN)2or trithiocyanate ion-(SCN)−3and that Fe3+reduced to Fe2+. Besides the sorption/precipitation of SCN−and NH4+, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy also showed that sorption/precipitation of SO42−and CO32−occurred. Ferrihydrite synthesized with artificial seawater presented the highest surface area and pore size. The pHpzcvalues of the samples were in the range of pHpzcdescribed in the literature. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements performed show proportions of iron present in different oxidation states, however, the electronic similarities observed in the mixtures of iron oxides and oxy-hydroxides make it difficult to quantify them. Direct comparison between XPS spectra of the Fe2p and O 1s core-levels reveal no significant differences from the effect of artificial seawater 4.0 Gy on the synthesis of ferrihydrite.
Death in delirious palliative-care patients occurs irrespective of age: A prospective, observational cohort study of 229 delirious palliative-care patients
Authors: Seiler Annina , Blum David , Hertler Caroline , Schettle Markus , Zipser Carl Moritz , Bode Leonie , Gehrke Samuel , Ernst Jutta , Schubert Maria , von Känel Roland , Boettger Soenke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesPatients with terminal illness are at high risk of developing delirium, in particular, those with multiple predisposing and precipitating risk factors. Delirium in palliative care is largely under-researched, and few studies have systematically assessed key aspects of delirium in elderly, palliative-care patients.MethodsIn this prospective, observational cohort study at a tertiary care center, 229 delirious palliative-care patients stratified by age: <65 (N = 105) and ≥65 years (N = 124), were analyzed with logistic regression models to identify associations with respect to predisposing and precipitating factors.ResultsIn 88% of the patients, the underlying diagnosis was cancer. Mortality rate and median time to death did not differ significantly between the two age groups. No inter-group differences were detected with respect to gender, care requirements, length of hospital stay, or medical costs. In patients ≥65 years, exclusively predisposing factors were relevant for delirium, including hearing impairment [odds ratio (OR) 3.64; confidence interval (CI) 1.90–6.99; P < 0.001], hypertension (OR 3.57; CI 1.84–6.92; P < 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (OR 4.84; CI 1.19–19.72; P = 0.028). In contrast, in patients <65 years, only precipitating factors were relevant for delirium, including cerebral edema (OR 0.02; CI 0.01–0.43; P = 0.012).Significance of resultsThe results of this study demonstrate that death in delirious palliative-care patients occurs irrespective of age. The multifactorial nature and adverse outcomes of delirium across all age in these patients require clinical recognition. Potentially reversible factors should be detected early to prevent or mitigate delirium and its poor survival outcomes.
Creoles of the Mountains: Race, Regionalism, and Modernity in Progressive Era Appalachia
Authors: Chresfield Michell 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article investigates how Progressive Era writers, both popular and scientific, helped to construct multiracial identities alongside competing efforts to enshrine race into strictly black and white terms. Existing scholarship on race in the Progressive Era has not sufficiently analyzed the presence of multiracial populations. Instead, scholars have treated state and federal efforts to police racial boundaries, namely through anti-miscegenation laws and the census, as evidence that multiracial persons were a legal impossibility. However, scientific and popular writing on Appalachia provides a conceptual space in which multiracialism was not only a conceptual possibility, but was engendered. Appalachia took on increased importance during the Progressive Era as both intellectuals and reformers used the region to frame their anxieties about the limits of modernity and the threat of racial mixing. The region was home to white mountaineers who appeared arrested in time, existing in uncomfortable proximity to newly discovered groups with white, black, and Native American ancestry who also seemed to have been shunned by civilization. In attempting to understand the peculiar conditions of Appalachia, these Progressive Era writers helped to advance some of the first ideas about what it meant to be mixed-race in America.
Black phosphorus-based photothermal therapy with aCD47-mediated immune checkpoint blockade for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Xie Zhongjian , Peng Minhua , Lu Ruitao , Meng Xiangying , Liang Weiyuan , Li Zhongjun , Qiu Meng , Zhang Bin , Nie Guohui , Xie Ni , Zhang Han , Prasad Paras N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHere, we describe a combination strategy of black phosphorus (BP)-based photothermal therapy together with anti-CD47 antibody (aCD47)-based immunotherapy to synergistically enhance cancer treatment. Tumour resistance to immune checkpoint blockades in most cancers due to immune escape from host surveillance, along with the initiation of metastasis through immunosuppressive cells in the tumour microenvironment, remains a significant challenge for cancer immunotherapy. aCD47, an agent for CD47/SIRPα axis blockade, induces modest phagocytic activity and a low response rate for monotherapy, resulting in failures in clinical trials. We showed that BP-mediated ablation of tumours through photothermal effects could serve as an effective strategy for specific immunological stimulation, improving the inherently poor immunogenicity of tumours, which is particularly useful for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. BP in combination with aCD47 blockade activates both innate and adaptive immunities and promotes local and systemic anticancer immune responses, thus offering a synergistically enhanced effect in suppression of tumour progression and in inducing abscopal effects for inhibition of metastatic cancers. Our combination strategy provides a promising platform in which photothermal agents could help to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.
FGF18–FGFR2 signaling triggers the activation of c-Jun–YAP1 axis to promote carcinogenesis in a subgroup of gastric cancer patients and indicates translational potential
Authors: Zhang Jinglin , Wong Chi Chun , Leung Kam Tong , Wu Feng , Zhou Yuhang , Tong Joanna H. M. , Chan Ronald C. K. , Li Hui , Wang Yifei , Yan Huan , Liu Liping , Wu William K. K. , Chan Michael W. Y. , Cheng Alfred S. L. , Yu Jun , Wong Nathalie , Lo Kwok Wai , To Ka Fai , Kang Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor type 2 (FGFR2) has emerged as a key oncogenic factor that regulates gastric cancer (GC) progression, but the underlying mechanism of FGF–FGFR2 signaling pathway remains largely unknown. To identify the potential molecular mechanisms of the oncogenic FGFR2 in gastric carcinogenesis and convey a novel therapeutic strategy, we profiled the FGFR alterations and analyzed their clinical associations in TCGA and Hong Kong GC cohorts. We found that FGFR2 overexpression in GC cell lines and primary tumors predicted poor survival and was associated with advanced stages of GC. Functionally, growth abilities and cell cycle progression of GC were inhibited by inactivation of ERK–MAPK signal transduction after FGFR2 knockdown, while apoptosis was promoted. Meanwhile, the first-line anti-cancer drug sensitivity was enhanced. RNA-seq analysis further revealed that YAP1 signaling serves as a significant downstream modulator and mediates the oncogenic signaling of FGFR2. When stimulating FGFR2 by rhFGF18, we observed intensified F-actin, nuclear accumulation of YAP1, and overexpression of YAP1 targets, but these effects were attenuated by either FGFR2 depletion or AZD4547 administration. Additionally, the FGF18–FGFR2 signaling upregulated YAP1 expression through activating c-Jun, an effector of MAPK signaling. In our cohort, 28.94% of GC cases were characterized as FGFR2, c-Jun, and YAP1 co-positive and demonstrated worse clinical outcomes. Remarkably, we also found that co-targeting FGFR2 and YAP1 by AZD4547 and Verteporfin synergistically enhanced the antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we have identified the oncogenic FGF–FGFR2 regulates YAP1 signaling in GC. The findings also highlight the translational potential of FGFR2–c-Jun–YAP1 axis, which may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
Relaxation dynamics in bio-colloidal cholesteric liquid crystals confined to cylindrical geometry
Authors: Khadem Sayyed Ahmad , Bagnani Massimo , Mezzenga Raffaele , Rey Alejandro D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPara-nematic phases, induced by unwinding chiral helices, spontaneously relax to a chiral ground state through phase ordering dynamics that are of great interest and crucial for applications such as stimuli-responsive and biomimetic engineering. In this work, we characterize the cholesteric phase relaxation behaviors of β-lactoglobulin amyloid fibrils and cellulose nanocrystals confined into cylindrical capillaries, uncovering two different equilibration pathways. The integration of experimental measurements and theoretical predictions reveals the starkly distinct underlying mechanism behind the relaxation dynamics of β-lactoglobulin amyloid fibrils, characterized by slow equilibration achieved through consecutive sigmoidal-like steps, and of cellulose nanocrystals, characterized by fast equilibration obtained through smooth relaxation dynamics. Particularly, the specific relaxation behaviors are shown to emerge from the order parameter of the unwound cholesteric medium, which depends on chirality and elasticity. The experimental findings are supported by direct numerical simulations, allowing to establish hard-to-measure viscoelastic properties without applying magnetic or electric fields.
A predictive index for health status using species-level gut microbiome profiling
Authors: Gupta Vinod K. , Kim Minsuk , Bakshi Utpal , Cunningham Kevin Y. , Davis John M. , Lazaridis Konstantinos N. , Nelson Heidi , Chia Nicholas , Sung Jaeyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProviding insight into one’s health status from a gut microbiome sample is an important clinical goal in current human microbiome research. Herein, we introduce the Gut Microbiome Health Index (GMHI), a biologically-interpretable mathematical formula for predicting the likelihood of disease independent of the clinical diagnosis. GMHI is formulated upon 50 microbial species associated with healthy gut ecosystems. These species are identified through a multi-study, integrative analysis on 4347 human stool metagenomes from 34 published studies across healthy and 12 different nonhealthy conditions, i.e., disease or abnormal bodyweight. When demonstrated on our population-scale meta-dataset, GMHI is the most robust and consistent predictor of disease presence (or absence) compared to α-diversity indices. Validation on 679 samples from 9 additional studies results in a balanced accuracy of 73.7% in distinguishing healthy from non-healthy groups. Our findings suggest that gut taxonomic signatures can predict health status, and highlight how data sharing efforts can provide broadly applicable discoveries.
Multiple comorbid sleep disorders adversely affect quality of life in Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhao Jia hao , Huang Dong ya , Chen Wei , Yuan Can xing , Jin Li rong , Wang Yu hui , Jin Ling jing , Lu Lei , Wang Xiao ping , de Wang Chang , Zhao Xiao hui , Zhang Xi , Li Wen tao , Liu Zhen guo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSleep disorders are common non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The characteristics and impact of multiple comorbid sleep disorders remain to be elucidated. Our goal was to investigate the characteristics of various sleep disorder comorbidities, and their association with motor complications and the impact on the quality of life in PD patients. In this multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study, data concerning the clinical characteristics of complicated sleep disorders were collected from PD patients treated at 40 different hospitals in Shanghai. Sleep disorders were evaluated using the PD Sleep Scale-2, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionnaire-Hong Kong, and the International Restless Legs Scale. Among the 1006 subjects evaluated, 77.53% exhibited signs of sleep disorders, and most had multiple sleep disorders (n = 502, 49.9%). A smaller percentage of patients with sleep disorders had a single disorder (n = 278, 27.6%). Furthermore, an increased number of sleep disorders, including nighttime problems, excessive daytime sleepiness, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and restless legs syndrome was a significant contributor to a poor quality of life (β = 4.33, CI: 3.33–5.33, P for trend <0.001), even when controlling for multiple factors. Moreover, motor complications partially mediated this relationship (indirect effect: β = 0.355, 95% boot CI: 0.134, 0.652).Our study showed that a large proportion of PD patients suffer from multiple comorbid sleep disorders, which greatly decreases the quality of life in PD patients and is partially mediated by motor complications.
Analysis of rice nuclear-localized seed-expressed proteins and their database (RSNP-DB)
Authors: Deveshwar Priyanka , Sharma Shivam , Prusty Ankita , Sinha Neha , Zargar Sajad Majeed , Karwal Divya , Parashar Vishal , Singh Sanjeev , Tyagi Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNuclear proteins are primarily regulatory factors governing gene expression. Multiple factors determine the localization of a protein in the nucleus. An upright identification of nuclear proteins is way far from accuracy. We have attempted to combine information from subcellular prediction tools, experimental evidence, and nuclear proteome data to identify a reliable list of seed-expressed nuclear proteins in rice. Depending upon the number of prediction tools calling a protein nuclear, we could sort 19,441 seed expressed proteins into five categories. Of which, half of the seed-expressed proteins were called nuclear by at least one out of four prediction tools. Further, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and transcription factor composition analysis showed that 6116 seed-expressed proteins could be called nuclear with a greater assertion. Localization evidence from experimental data was available for 1360 proteins. Their analysis showed that a 92.04% accuracy of a nuclear call is valid for proteins predicted nuclear by at least three tools. Distribution of nuclear localization signals and nuclear export signals showed that the majority of category four members were nuclear resident proteins, whereas other categories have a low fraction of nuclear resident proteins and significantly higher constitution of shuttling proteins. We compiled all the above information for the seed-expressed genes in the form of a searchable database named Rice Seed Nuclear Protein DataBase (RSNP-DB) https://pmb.du.ac.in/rsnpdb. This information will be useful for comprehending the role of seed nuclear proteome in rice.