bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The residual stress in as-built Laser Powder Bed Fusion IN718 alloy as a consequence of the scanning strategy induced microstructure
Authors: Serrano-Munoz Itziar , Mishurova Tatiana , Thiede Tobias , Sprengel Maximilian , Kromm Arne , Nadammal Naresh , Nolze Gert , Saliwan-Neumann Romeo , Evans Alexander , Bruno Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effect of two types of scanning strategies on the grain structure and build-up of Residual Stress (RS) has been investigated in an as-built IN718 alloy produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The RS state has been investigated by X-ray diffraction techniques. The microstructural characterization was performed principally by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), where the application of a post-measurement refinement technique enables small misorientations (< 2°) to be resolved. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) distributions indicate that preferably oriented columnar grains contain higher levels of misorientation, when compared to elongated grains with lower texture. The KAM distributions combined with X-ray diffraction stress maps infer that the increased misorientation is induced via plastic deformation driven by the thermal stresses, acting to self-relieve stress. The possibility of obtaining lower RS states in the build direction as a consequence of the influence of the microstructure should be considered when envisaging scanning strategies aimed at the mitigation of RS.
Development of a nomogram using fundus photography to predict glaucoma progression in patients showing disc hemorrhage
Authors: Kim Sangah , Park Chan Keum , Kim Eun Woo , Lee Sang Yeop , Seong Gong Je , Kim Chan Yun , Bae Hyoung Won 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo develop a nomogram to predict the progression of glaucoma by fundus photography in patients with disc hemorrhage. Retrospective review of the medical records of patients with disc hemorrhage, which was detected during follow up with open angle glaucoma, from January 2010 to March 2018. Patients were divided into glaucoma progression (n = 52) or non-progression (n = 38) groups. We assessed proximal location and morphology of disc hemorrhage; relationship to retinal nerve fiber layer defects with disc hemorrhage; and angular extent of disc hemorrhage, between groups using fundus photography. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to select prognostic factors, and we constructed a nomogram to predict glaucoma progression. The number of disc hemorrhage at the border of retinal nerve fiber layer defects (P = 0.001) and peripapillary disc hemorrhage (P = 0.008) were significantly higher in the progression group. We used angular extent; location of disc hemorrhage with retinal nerve fiber layer defects; and proximal location of disc hemorrhage to construct the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the nomogram was 0.847. We created the nomogram using fundus photography in patients showing disc hemorrhage as a novel and accurate screening method to predict glaucoma progression and aid clinicians to decide on the best treatment plan.
A global biophysical typology of mangroves and its relevance for ecosystem structure and deforestation
Authors: Worthington Thomas A. , zu Ermgassen Philine S. E. , Friess Daniel A. , Krauss Ken W. , Lovelock Catherine E. , Thorley Julia , Tingey Rick , Woodroffe Colin D. , Bunting Pete , Cormier Nicole , Lagomasino David , Lucas Richard , Murray Nicholas J. , Sutherland William J. , Spalding Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMangrove forests provide many ecosystem services but are among the world’s most threatened ecosystems. Mangroves vary substantially according to their geomorphic and sedimentary setting; while several conceptual frameworks describe these settings, their spatial distribution has not been quantified. Here, we present a new global mangrove biophysical typology and show that, based on their 2016 extent, 40.5% (54,972 km2) of mangrove systems were deltaic, 27.5% (37,411 km2) were estuarine and 21.0% (28,493 km2) were open coast, with lagoonal mangroves the least abundant (11.0%, 14,993 km2). Mangroves were also classified based on their sedimentary setting, with carbonate mangroves being less abundant than terrigenous, representing just 9.6% of global coverage. Our typology provides a basis for future research to incorporate geomorphic and sedimentary setting in analyses. We present two examples of such applications. Firstly, based on change in extent between 1996 and 2016, we show while all types exhibited considerable declines in area, losses of lagoonal mangroves (− 6.9%) were nearly twice that of other types. Secondly, we quantify differences in aboveground biomass between mangroves of different types, with it being significantly lower in lagoonal mangroves. Overall, our biophysical typology provides a baseline for assessing restoration potential and for quantifying mangrove ecosystem service provision.
Maximizing CRISPR/Cas9 phenotype penetrance applying predictive modeling of editing outcomes in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos
Authors: Naert Thomas , Tulkens Dieter , Edwards Nicole A. , Carron Marjolein , Shaidani Nikko-Ideen , Wlizla Marcin , Boel Annekatrien , Demuynck Suzan , Horb Marko E. , Coucke Paul , Willaert Andy , Zorn Aaron M. , Vleminckx Kris 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has revolutionized functional genomics in vertebrates. However, CRISPR/Cas9 edited F0 animals too often demonstrate variable phenotypic penetrance due to the mosaic nature of editing outcomes after double strand break (DSB) repair. Even with high efficiency levels of genome editing, phenotypes may be obscured by proportional presence of in-frame mutations that still produce functional protein. Recently, studies in cell culture systems have shown that the nature of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutations can be dependent on local sequence context and can be predicted by computational methods. Here, we demonstrate that similar approaches can be used to forecast CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing outcomes in Xenopus tropicalis, Xenopus laevis, and zebrafish. We show that a publicly available neural network previously trained in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures (InDelphi-mESC) is able to accurately predict CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing outcomes in early vertebrate embryos. Our observations can have direct implications for experiment design, allowing the selection of guide RNAs with predicted repair outcome signatures enriched towards frameshift mutations, allowing maximization of CRISPR/Cas9 phenotype penetrance in the F0 generation.
3D-bioprinted all-inclusive bioanalytical platforms for cell studies
Authors: Mazrouei Roya , Velasco Vanessa , Esfandyarpour Rahim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInnovative drug screening platforms should improve the discovery of novel and personalized cancer treatment. Common models such as animals and 2D cell cultures lack the proper recapitulation of organ structure and environment. Thus, a new generation of platforms must consist of cell models that accurately mimic the cells’ microenvironment, along with flexibly prototyped cell handling structures that represent the human environment. Here, we adapted the 3D-bioprinting technology to develop multiple all-inclusive high throughputs and customized organ-on-a-chip-like platforms along with printed 3D-cell structures. Such platforms are potentially capable of performing 3D cell model analysis and cell-therapeutic response studies. We illustrated spherical and rectangular geometries of bio-printed 3D human colon cancer cell constructs. We also demonstrated the utility of directly 3D-bioprinting and rapidly prototyping of PDMS-based microfluidic cell handling arrays in different geometries. Besides, we successfully monitored the post-viability of the 3D-cell constructs for seven days. Furthermore, to mimic the human environment more closely, we integrated a 3D-bioprinted perfused drug screening microfluidics platform. Platform’s channels subject cell constructs to physiological fluid flow, while its concave well array hold and perfused 3D-cell constructs. The bio-applicability of PDMS-based arrays was also demonstrated by performing cancer cell-therapeutic response studies.
Fabrication and characterization of up-converting β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+@NaYF4 core–shell nanoparticles for temperature sensing applications
Authors: Giang Lam Thi Kieu , Trejgis Karolina , Marciniak Lukasz , Vu Nguyen , Minh Le Quoc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the use of soft template method to synthesize core and core–shell up-converting nanoparticles usefull for temperature sensing applications. Based on the stock solutions of core β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles and involving soft template method without any additional process of surface functionalization, it is possible to directly design the core–shell β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles, which can be perfectly dispersed in cyclohexane and surfactants like oleic acid (OA), triethanolamine (TEA) or Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The morphological, crystalline and elemental characteristics of samples were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Selected Area Electron Diffraction patterns and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. The results showed that the synthesized NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+@NaYF4 core–shell nanoparticles have roughly spherical shape, pure hexagonal β phase with core size of about 35 ± 5 nm and shell thickness of about 40 ± 5 nm. It has been shown that the coating of the β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ core with NaYF4 shell layer enables to enhance the green upconversion (UC) emission intensities in respect to red one. Under 976 nm excitation, the synthesized β-NaYF4:2%Er3+,19%Yb3+@NaYF4 core–shell nanoparticles revealed three strong emission bands at 520 nm, 545 nm and 650 nm corresponding to 2H11/2, 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 to 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ ions with the lifetimes of 215, 193 and 474 µs, respectively. The calculated CIE chromaticity coordinates proved that the emission colour of core–shell nanoparticles was changed from red into yellowish green upon increasing the power density of the 976 nm laser from 0.73 to 9.95 W/cm2. The calculated slopes indicated that in the β-NaYF4:2%Er3+,19%Yb3+@NaYF4 core–shell nanoparticles, two-photon and three-photon UC processes took place simultaneously. Although the former one is similar as in the case of β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ bare core nanoparticles, the latter one, three-photon UC process for green emission occurs, due to cross relaxation processes of two Er3+ ions only within nanoparticles with core–shell architecture. Moreover, the energy difference between the 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 levels and associated constant of NaYF4@NaYF4 host lattice were determined and they reached ~ 813 cm−1 and 14.27 (r2 = 0.998), respectively. In order to investigate the suitability of nanoparticles for optical temperature sensing, the emission spectra were measured in a wide temperature range from 158 to 298 K. An exceptionally high value of relative sensitivity was obtained at 158 K and it amounted to 4.25% K−1. Further temperature increase resulted in gradual decrease of relative sensitivity, however, it maintained a high value > 1% K−1 in the entire analyzed temperature range.
Seleno-l-methionine suppresses copper-enhanced zinc-induced neuronal cell deathviainduction of glutathione peroxidase
Authors: Nakano Yukari , Shimoda Mikako , Okudomi Saki , Kawaraya Sayuri , Kawahara Masahiro , Tanaka Ken-ichiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExcessive zinc ion (Zn2+) release is induced in pathological situations and causes neuronal cell death. Previously, we have reported that copper ions (Cu2+) markedly exacerbated Zn2+-induced neuronal cell death by potentiating oxidative stress, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, and the activation of the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. In contrast, selenium (Se), an essential trace element, and amino acids containing selenium (such as seleno-l-methionine) have been reported to inhibit stress-induced neuronal cell death and oxidative stress. Thus, we investigated the effect of seleno-l-methionine on Cu2+/Zn2+-induced neuronal cell death in GT1–7 cells. Seleno-l-methionine treatment clearly restored the Cu2+/Zn2+-induced decrease in the viable cell number and attenuated the Cu2+/Zn2+-induced cytotoxicity. Accordingly, the levels of ER stress-related factors (especially, CHOP and GADD34) and of phosphorylated JNK increased upon CuCl2 and ZnCl2 co-treatment, whereas pre-treatment with seleno-l-methionine significantly suppressed these upregulations. Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as upstream factors of these pathways revealed that Cu2+/Zn2+-induced ROS production was clearly suppressed by seleno-l-methionine treatment. Finally, we found that seleno-l-methionine induced the antioxidative protein, glutathione peroxidase. Taken together, our findings suggest that seleno-l-methionine suppresses Cu2+/Zn2+-induced neuronal cell death and oxidative stress via induction of glutathione peroxidase. Thus, we think that seleno-l-methionine may help prevent refractory neurological diseases.
Statin-induced microRNAome alterations modulating inflammation pathways of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Lin Hung-Ju , Yu Sung-Liang , Su Ta-Chen , Hsu Hsiu-Ching , Chen Ming-Fong , Lee Yuan-Teh , Chien Kuo-Liong , Lu Tzu-Pin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Statins inhibit cholesterol biogenesis and modulate atheroma inflammation to reduce cardiovascular risks. Promoted by immune and non-immune cells, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) might be a biomarker suboptimal to assess inflammation status. Although it has been reported that statins modulated inflammation via microRNAs (miRNAs), evidence remains lacking on comprehensive profiling of statin-induced miRNAome alterations in immune cells. We recruited 19 hypercholesterolemic patients receiving 2 mg/day pitavastatin and 15 ones receiving 10 mg/day atorvastatin treatment for 12 weeks, and performed microarray-based profiling of 1733 human mature miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after statin treatment. Differentially expressed miRNAs were determined if their fold changes were &gt;1.50 or &lt;0.67, after validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The miRSystem and miTALOS platforms were utilized for pathway analysis. Of the 34 patients aged 63.7 ± 6.2 years, 27 were male and 19 were with coronary artery disease. We discovered that statins induced differential expressions of miR-483-5p, miR-4667-5p, miR-1244, and miR-3609, with qPCR-validated fold changes of 1.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.33–2.15), 1.61 (1.25–1.98), 1.61 (1.01–2.21), and 1.68 (1.19–2.17), respectively. The fold changes of the four miRNAs were not correlated with changes of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol or CRP, after sex, age, and statin type were adjusted. We also revealed that RhoA and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways might be regulated by the four miRNAs. Given our findings, miRNAs might be involved in statin-induced inflammation modulation in PBMCs, providing likelihood to assess and reduce inflammation in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Dissipation of the striped pulsar wind and non-thermal particle acceleration: 3D PIC simulations
Authors: Cerutti Benoît , Philippov Alexander A. , Dubus Guillaume 
Published: September 2020

Context. The formation of a large-scale current sheet is a generic feature of pulsar magnetospheres. If the magnetic axis is misaligned with the star rotation axis, the current sheet is an oscillatory structure filling an equatorial wedge determined by the inclination angle, known as the striped wind. Relativistic reconnection could lead to significant dissipation of magnetic energy and particle acceleration, although the efficiency of this process is debated in this context.
Aims. In this study, we aim at reconciling global models of pulsar wind dynamics and reconnection in the stripes within the same numerical framework in order to shed new light on dissipation and particle acceleration in pulsar winds.
Methods. To this end, we perform large three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of a split-monopole magnetosphere, from the stellar surface up to 50 light-cylinder radii away from the pulsar.
Results. Plasmoid-dominated reconnection efficiently fragments the current sheet into a dynamical network of interacting flux ropes separated by secondary current sheets that consume the field efficiently at all radii, even past the fast magnetosonic point. Our results suggest there is a universal dissipation radius solely determined by the reconnection rate in the sheet, lying well upstream from the termination shock radius in isolated pair-producing pulsars. The wind bulk Lorentz factor is much less relativistic than previously thought. In the co-moving frame, the wind is composed of hot pairs trapped within flux ropes with a hard broad power-law spectrum, whose maximum energy is limited by the magnetization of the wind at launch.
Conclusions. We conclude that the striped wind is most likely fully dissipated when it enters the pulsar wind nebula. The predicted wind particle spectrum after dissipation is reminiscent of the Crab Nebula radio-emitting electrons.
Joint estimation of atmospheric and instrumental defects using a parsimonious point spread function model
Authors: Beltramo-Martin Olivier , Fétick Romain , Neichel Benoit , Fusco Thierry 
Published: September 2020

Context. Modeling the optical point spread function (PSF) is particularly challenging for adaptive optics (AO)-assisted observations owing to the its complex shape and spatial variations.
Aims. We aim to (i) exhaustively demonstrate the accuracy of a recent analytical model from comparison with a large sample of imaged PSFs, (ii) assess the conditions for which the model is optimal, and (iii) unleash the strength of this framework to enable the joint estimation of atmospheric parameters, AO performance and static aberrations.
Methods. We gathered 4812 on-sky PSFs obtained from seven AO systems and used the same fitting algorithm to test the model on various AO PSFs and diagnose AO performance from the model outputs. Finally, we highlight how this framework enables the characterization of the so-called low wind effect on the Spectro-Polarimetic High contrast imager for Exoplanets REsearch (LWE; SPHERE) instrument and piston cophasing errors on the Keck II telescope.
Results. Over 4812 PSFs, the model reaches down to 4% of error on both the Strehl-ratio (SR) and full width at half maximum (FWHM). We particularly illustrate that the estimation of the Fried’s parameter, which is one of the model parameters, is consistent with known seeing statistics and follows expected trends in wavelength using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer instrument (λ6/5) and field (no variations) from Gemini South Adaptive Optics Imager images with a standard deviation of 0.4 cm. Finally, we show that we can retrieve a combination of differential piston, tip, and tilt modes introduced by the LWE that compares to ZELDA measurements, as well as segment piston errors from the Keck II telescope and particularly the stair mode that has already been revealed from previous studies.
Conclusions. This model matches all types of AO PSFs at the level of 4% error and can be used for AO diagnosis, post-processing, and wavefront sensing purposes.
Interpreting high spatial resolution line observations of planet-forming disks with gaps and rings: the case of HD 163296
Authors: Rab Ch. , Kamp I. , Dominik C. , Ginski C. , Muro-Arena G. A. , Thi W.-F. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Woitke P. 
Published: September 2020

Context. Spatially resolved continuum observations of planet-forming disks show prominent ring and gap structures in their dust distribution. However, the picture from gas observations is much less clear and constraints on the radial gas density structure (i.e. gas gaps) remain rare and uncertain.
Aims. We want to investigate the importance of thermo-chemical processes for the interpretation of high-spatial-resolution gas observations of planet-forming disks and their impact on the derived gas properties.
Methods. We applied the radiation thermo-chemical disk code PRODIMO (PROtoplanetary DIsk MOdel) to model the dust and gas disk of HD 163296 self-consistently, using the DSHARP (Disk Substructure at High Angular Resolution) gas and dust observations. With this model we investigated the impact of dust gaps and gas gaps on the observables and the derived gas properties, considering chemistry, and heating and cooling processes.
Results. We find distinct peaks in the radial line intensity profiles of the CO line data of HD 163296 at the location of the dust gaps. Our model indicates that those peaks are not only a consequence of a gas temperature increase within the gaps but are mainly caused by the absorption of line emission from the back side of the disk by the dust rings. For two of the three prominent dust gaps in HD 163296, we find that thermo-chemical effects are negligible for deriving density gradients via measurements of the rotation velocity. However, for the gap with the highest dust depletion, the temperature gradient can be dominant and needs to be considered to derive accurate gas density profiles.
Conclusions. Self-consistent gas and dust thermo-chemical modelling in combination with high-quality observations of multiple molecules are necessary to accurately derive gas gap depths and shapes. This is crucial to determine the origin of gaps and rings in planet-forming disks and to improve the mass estimates of forming planets if they are the cause of the gap.
Einstellungen von Eltern zur pädiatrischen Versorgung und
Delegation ärztlicher Aufgaben in versorgungsfernen und versorgungsnahen
Regionen: Ergebnisse einer standardisierten Befragung
Authors: Beyer Angelika , Stentzel Ulrike , Hoffmann Wolfgang , van den Berg Neeltje 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Es wird untersucht, ob sich die Elternsicht
bezüglich (1) der Einschätzung der Situation in der
pädiatrischen Versorgung und (2) der Einstellung der Eltern zur
Delegation ärztlicher Aufgaben an dafür qualifizierte
Angehörige nichtärztlicher Gesundheitsprofessionen in
versorgungsfernen und versorgungsnahen Regionen unterscheidet.
Methodik Ein selbstentwickelter Fragebogen wurde an Eltern in Kitas
geschickt, die entweder in der Nähe (=versorgungsnah, vn) oder
mehr als 20 km von der nächsten Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxis und einem
Krankenhaus mit pädiatrischer Abteilung entfernt
(=versorgungsfern, vf) sind. Erfragt wurden soziodemografische und
medizinisch-versorgungsrelevante Aspekte und Einstellungen zur Delegation
definierter ärztlicher Aufgaben an nichtärztliche
Gesundheitsberufe.
Ergebnisse Von den n=407 auswertbaren Fragebögen
(Responserate: 18%) waren 51% aus vf-Kitas und 49% aus
vn-Kitas. Es finden sich signifikante Unterschiede in der Anzahl der Kinder (vf:
13% der Antwortenden leben mit 3 oder mehr Kindern im Haushalt vs. vn:
21%; p=0,044), in der Anzahl der Schuljahre (vf: 39% der
Eltern haben mehr als 10 Jahre Schulbildung vs. vn: 50%;
p=0,026), in der Anzahl der Arztbesuche (vf: 32% der Eltern
stellten ihr Kind in den letzten 12 Monaten 4-mal oder häufiger einem
Arzt vor vs. vn: 50%; p<0,001) und der aufgesuchten Arztgruppe
(vf: 51% suchten einen Kinderarzt auf vs. vn: 87%;
p<0,001). Für vf-Kita-Eltern war die Entfernung zum Arzt
signifikant weiter (p<0,001) und sie nahmen häufiger Probleme in
der medizinischen Versorgung wahr (p=0,032). Für alle
vorgeschlagenen potentiell delegierbaren ärztlichen Aufgaben konnten
sich Eltern aus vf-Kitas häufiger die Delegation vorstellen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen
den Befragungsregionen. Zur Unterstützung der kinderärztlichen
Versorgung in vf-Regionen werden innovative Versorgungskonzepte gebraucht. Die
mehrheitlich positive Einstellung der Eltern zum Thema Delegation kann Basis
für die Entwicklung konkreter Konzepte und deren praxisnahe Erprobung in
Pilotprojekten sein.