bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pores and the formation mechanisms of SLMed AlSi10Mg
Authors: Wang Tingting , Dai Shimin , Liao Hailong , Zhu Haihong 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
To fabricate high performance parts, this paper aims to systematically study the pores characteristics and their formation mechanisms in selective laser melting (SLM) AlSi10Mg.

Design/methodology/approach
Cubes of 10 × 10 × 5 mm were manufactured in different laser power, scan speed and scan space. Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) were used to observe morphology of pores.

Findings
Round or irregular pores were found in SLMed AlSi10Mg parts. All the round pores have smooth inner walls and locate in the melt pool. The formation mechanisms of the round pores are contributed to the evaporation of elements in the melt pool, H2O, high laser energy input and hollow powder. Irregular pores have rough inner walls. Big scan space, unevenness of the upper surface, large layer thickness, spatter and oxide are the main reasons of generating irregular pores which outside the melt pool. Instability of keyhole leads to the irregular pores locate in the bottom of keyhole mode melt pool.

Originality/value
Relationship between pores and melt pool were studied systematically for the first time. Researches of pores characteristics and their formation mechanisms in SLMed AlSi10Mg would be a valuable reference for researchers to obtain an important insight into and control the defect in SLMed Al alloy.
Catching a glimpse of the bacterial gut community of companion animals: a canine and feline perspective
Authors: Alessandri Giulia , Argentini Chiara , Milani Christian , Turroni Francesca , Cristina Ossiprandi Maria , van Sinderen Douwe , Ventura Marco 
Published: August 2020

SummaryDogs and cats have gained a special position in human society by becoming our principal companion animals. In this context, efforts to ensure their health and welfare have increased exponentially, with in recent times a growing interest in assessing the impact of the gut microbiota on canine and feline health. Recent technological advances have generated new tools to not only examine the intestinal microbial composition of dogs and cats, but also to scrutinize the genetic repertoire and associated metabolic functions of this microbial community. The application of high‐throughput sequencing techniques to canine and feline faecal samples revealed similarities in their bacterial composition, with Fusobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as the most prevalent and abundant phyla, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Although key bacterial members were consistently present in their gut microbiota, the taxonomic composition and the metabolic repertoire of the intestinal microbial population may be influenced by several factors, including diet, age and anthropogenic aspects, as well as intestinal dysbiosis. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multitude of factors which play a role in the modulation of the canine and feline gut microbiota and that of their human owners with whom they share the same environment.
Aging‐associated changes in CD47 arrangement and interaction with thrombospondin‐1 on red blood cells visualized by super‐resolution imaging
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu Yan‐Hou , Zhang Ting , Gao Jing , Xu Yangyue , Xie Guang‐Yao , Zhao Wen‐Jie , Wang Hongda , Yang Yong‐Guang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCD47 serves as a ligand for signaling regulatory protein α (SIRPα) and as a receptor for thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1). Although CD47, TSP‐1, and SIRPα are thought to be involved in the clearance of aged red blood cells (RBCs), aging‐associated changes in the expression and interaction of these molecules on RBCs have been elusive. Using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM)‐based imaging and quantitative analysis, we can report that CD47 molecules on young RBCs reside as nanoclusters with little binding to TSP‐1, suggesting a minimal role for TSP‐1/CD47 signaling in normal RBCs. On aged RBCs, CD47 molecules decreased in number but formed bigger and denser clusters, with increased ability to bind TSP‐1. Exposure of aged RBCs to TSP‐1 resulted in a further increase in the size of CD47 clusters via a lipid raft‐dependent mechanism. Furthermore, CD47 cluster formation was dramatically inhibited on thbs1−/− mouse RBCs and associated with a significantly prolonged RBC lifespan. These results indicate that the strength of CD47 binding to its ligand TSP‐1 is predominantly determined by the distribution pattern and not the amount of CD47 molecules on RBCs, and offer direct evidence for the role of TSP‐1 in phagocytosis of aged RBCs. This study provides clear nanoscale pictures of aging‐associated changes in CD47 distribution and TSP‐1/CD47 interaction on the cell surface, and insights into the molecular basis for how these molecules coordinate to remove aged RBCs.
Effects of platelet‐rich plasma on spermatogenesis and hormone production in an experimental testicular torsion model
Authors: Kutluhan Musab Ali , Özsoy Emrah , Şahin Aytaç , Ürkmez Ahmet , Topaktaş Ramazan , Toprak Tuncay , Gümrükçü Gülistan , Verit Ayhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐rich plasma is a biological instrument rich in growth factors and cytokines.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of platelet‐rich plasma on spermatogenesis and hormone production in an experimental testicular torsion model.Materials and methodsThe rats were randomly divided into three groups, including six rats in each group as follows: the first group as the sham group; the second group as the ischemia/reperfusion + Saline group and the third group as the ischemia/reperfusion + platelet‐rich plasma group. The left testicles of the ischemia/reperfusion + Saline and ischemia/reperfusion + platelet‐rich plasma group were kept in four‐hour torsion. Then, the left testicles of ischemia/reperfusion + Saline and ischemia/reperfusion + platelet‐rich plasma groups were detorsioned, and intra‐testicular 1 cc saline (ischemia/reperfusion + Saline) and 1 cc platelet‐rich plasma (ischemia/reperfusion + platelet‐rich plasma) were injected. At one month, blood samples were taken from all groups for hormonal evaluation and left orchiectomy was performed.ResultsThe mean follicle‐stimulating hormone level of ischemia/reperfusion + Saline group was significantly higher than ischemia/reperfusion + platelet‐rich plasma group (7.78 ± 0.23 vs 6.18 ± 0.28 nmol/l, respectively, P = .004). The mean LH level of ischemia/reperfusion + platelet‐rich plasma group was significantly lower than ischemia/reperfusion + Saline group (3.63 ± 0.28 vs 5.68 ± 0.21 nmol/l, respectively, P = .004). The mean total testosterone level of ischemia/reperfusion + platelet‐rich plasma group was significantly higher than ischemia/reperfusion + Saline group (8.05 ± 0.24 vs 5.78 ± 0.23 nmol/l, respectively, P = .004). The mean Johnsen scores of ischemia/reperfusion + platelet‐rich plasma group were significantly higher than ischemia/reperfusion + Saline group (5.85 ± 0.58 vs 3.93 ± 0.65, respectively, P = .004). The mean Johnsen score of the sham group was significantly higher than ischemia/reperfusion + platelet‐rich plasma and ischemia/reperfusion + Saline groups (P = .003 and P = .003, respectively).Discussion and conclusionThe platelet‐rich plasma has beneficial effects on spermatogenesis and reproductive hormone production in testicular torsion. It is easily accessible and applicable. In the future, intra‐testicular platelet‐rich plasma injection may be used in testicular torsion after detorsion. However, further experimental and large‐scale prospective clinical studies are needed to establish a definitive conclusion on this topic.
Assessing potential for aortoiliac vascular injury from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulae: An in vitro particle image velocimetry study
Authors: Haymet Andrew B. , Boone Alice , Vallely Michael P. , Malfertheiner Maximilian Valentin , Pauls Jo P. , Suen Jacky Y. , Fraser John F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLimb ischemia is a major complication associated with peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO). The high velocity jet from arterial cannulae can cause “sandblasting” injuries to the arterial endothelium, with the potential risk of distal embolization and end organ damage. The aim of this study was to identify, for a range of clinically relevant VA‐ECMO cannulae and flow rates, any regions of peak flow velocity on the aortic wall which may predispose to vascular injury, and any regions of low‐velocity flow which may predispose to thrombus formation. A silicone model of the aortic and iliac vessels was sourced and the right external iliac artery was cannulated. Cannulae ranged from 15 to 21 Fr in size. Simulated steady state ECMO flow rates were instituted using a magnetically levitated pump (CentriMag pump). Adaptive particle image velocimetry was performed for each cannula at 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 L/min. For all cannulae, in both horizontal and vertical side hole orientations, the peak velocity on the aortic wall ranged from 0.3 to 0.45 m/s, and the regions of lowest velocity flow were 0.05 m/s. The magnitude of peak velocity flow on the aortic wall was not different between a single pair versus multiple pairs of side holes. Maximum velocity flow on the aortic wall occurred earlier at a lower pump flow rate in the vertical orientation of distal side holes compared to a horizontal position. The presence of multiple paired side holes was associated with fewer low‐velocity flow regions, and some retrograde flow, in the distal abdominal aorta compared to cannulae with a single pair of side holes. From this in vitro visualization study, the selection of a cannula design with multiple versus single pairs of side holes did not change the magnitude of peak velocity flow delivered to the vessel wall. Cannulae with multiple side holes were associated with fewer regions of low‐velocity flow in the distal abdominal aorta. Further in vivo studies, and ideally clinical data would be required to assess any correlation of peak velocity flows with incidence of vascular injury, and any low‐velocity flow regions with incidence of thrombosis.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 stool testing and the potential for faecal‐oral transmission
Authors: van Doorn Amarylle S. , Meijer Berrie , Frampton Chris M. A. , Barclay Murray L. , de Boer Nanne K. H. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundSince the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, there have been many scientific reports regarding gastrointestinal manifestations. Several reports indicate the possibility of viral shedding via faeces and the possibility of faecal‐oral transmission.AimsTo critically assess the clinical relevance of testing stool samples and anal swabs and provide an overview of the potential faecal‐oral transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsA systematic literature search with MeSH terms was performed, scrutinising the Embase database, Google scholar, MEDLINE database through PubMed and The Cochrane Library, including articles from December 2019 until July 7 2020. Data were subsequently analysed with descriptive statistics.ResultsNinety‐five studies were included in the qualitative analysis. 934/2149 (43%) patients tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in stool samples or anal swabs, with positive test results up to 70 days after symptom onset. A meta‐analysis executed with studies of at least 10 patients revealed a pooled positive proportion of 51.8% (95% CI 43.8 ‐ 59.7%). Positive faecal samples of 282/443 patients (64%) remained positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 for a mean of 12.5 days, up to 33 days maximum, after respiratory samples became negative for SARS‐CoV‐2. Viable SARS‐CoV‐2 was found in 6/17 (35%) patients in whom this was specifically investigated.ConclusionsViral shedding of SARS‐CoV‐2 in stool samples occurs in a substantial proportion of patients, making faecal‐oral transmission plausible. Furthermore, detection in stool samples or anal swabs can persist long after negative respiratory testing. Therefore, stool sample or anal swab testing should be (re)considered in relation to decisions for isolating or discharging a patient.
Penalized Fieller's confidence interval for the ratio of bivariate normal means
Authors: Wang Peng , Xu Siqi , Wang Yi‐Xin , Wu Baolin , Fung Wing Kam , Gao Guimin , Liang Zhijiang , Liu Nianjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConstructing a confidence interval for the ratio of bivariate normal means is a classical problem in statistics. Several methods have been proposed in the literature. The Fieller method is known as an exact method, but can produce an unbounded confidence interval if the denominator of the ratio is not significantly deviated from 0; while the delta and some numeric methods are all bounded, they are only first‐order correct. Motivated by a real‐world problem, we propose the penalized Fieller method, which employs the same principle as the Fieller method, but adopts a penalized likelihood approach to estimate the denominator. The proposed method has a simple closed form, and can always produce a bounded confidence interval by selecting a suitable penalty parameter. Moreover, the new method is shown to be second‐order correct under the bivariate normality assumption, that is, its coverage probability will converge to the nominal level faster than other bounded methods. Simulation results show that our proposed method generally outperforms the existing methods in terms of controlling the coverage probability and the confidence width and is particularly useful when the denominator does not have adequate power to reject being 0. Finally, we apply the proposed approach to the interval estimation of the median response dose in pharmacology studies to show its practical usefulness.
Unfolded protein response activation in C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia is associated with dipeptide pathology and granulovacuolar degeneration in granule cells
Authors: Gami‐Patel Priya , van Dijken Irene , Meeter Lieke H. , Melhem Shamiram , Morrema Tjado H. J. , Scheper Wiep , van Swieten John C. , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , Dijkstra Anke A. , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is the most prevalent genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (C9‐FTD). Several studies have indicated the involvement of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in C9‐FTD. In human neuropathology, UPR markers are strongly associated with granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD). In this study, we aim to assess the presence of UPR markers together with the presence of dipeptide pathology and GVD in post mortem brain tissue from C9‐FTD cases and neurologically healthy controls. Using immunohistochemistry we assessed the presence of phosphorylated PERK, IRE1α and eIF2α in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of C9‐FTD (n = 18) and control (n = 9) cases. The presence of UPR activation markers was compared with the occurrence of pTDP‐43, p62 and dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins (poly(GA), ‐(GR) & ‐(GP)) as well as casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ), a marker for GVD. Increased presence of UPR markers was observed in the hippocampus and cerebellum in C9‐FTD compared to control cases. In the hippocampus, overall levels of pPERK and peIF2α were higher in C9‐FTD, including in granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG). UPR markers were also observed in granule cells of the cerebellum in C9‐FTD. In addition, increased levels of CK1δ were observed in granule cells in the DG of the hippocampus and granular layer of the cerebellum in C9‐FTD. Double‐labelling experiments indicate a strong association between UPR markers and the presence of dipeptide pathology as well as GVD. We conclude that UPR markers are increased in C9‐FTD and that their presence is associated with dipeptide pathology and GVD. Increased presence of UPR markers and CK1δ in granule cells in the cerebellum and hippocampus could be a unique feature of C9‐FTD.
Fault‐controlled base‐of‐scarp deposits
Authors: Chiarella Domenico , Capella Walter , Longhitano Sergio G. , Muto Francesco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe term base‐of‐scarp is proposed for those submarine deposits controlled by a fault and physically disconnected from their more proximal counterpart located on the footwall, although genetically linked to it. These systems differ from conventional fault‐controlled deltas, such as shoal‐ and Gilbert‐type, because they are entirely subaqueous and lack equilibrium morphology—a steady state in which the system grows in size without altering its shape. We present field examples of fault‐controlled deposits from the Crati Basin and the Messina Strait (southern Italy) consisting of stratigraphic clastic wedges that thin towards and onlap onto the active margin with primary inclined bedding. Beds are composed of immature coarse‐grained gravels and sand, lack structures representative of wave‐action and reflect gravity‐driven processes such as debris flow, debris fall and high‐density turbidity currents. These deposits represent the unsteady‐state phase in which the system grows reducing its slope angle leading to conditions under which the unsteady state may eventually turn into a Gilbert‐type or shoal‐water system. A diagram for fault‐controlled base‐of‐scarp (B), Gilbert (G) and shoal‐water (S) deposits is presented, including their steady‐ and unsteady states, and the conceptual conditions under which a base‐of‐scarp system might evolve into Gilbert‐type or shoal‐water systems and vice versa.
Staging Labor Renewal: An Application of the Theory of Interaction Rituals
Authors: Quinlan Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOnce thought to be the only genuinely revolutionary force, the labor movement is in retreat worldwide. By way of example, this article argues that by reawakening our human capacity for solidaristic relationships, theatrical plays are one means of revitalizing the labor movement. This article uses the theory of interaction rituals to analyze a dramatic production that follows in the tradition of the workers’ theater movement. The play focuses on the little‐known historical role of women in the 1941 to 1942 strike in Canada's gold fields. Audience responses to the after‐performance survey reveal the play's positive ritual effects. This study fills a gap in the empirical literature on interaction rituals.
Relations Among Father's Presence, Family Conflict, and Adolescent Adjustment in Northern Ireland
Authors: Luningham Justin M. , Merrilees Christine E. , Taylor Laura K. , Goeke‐Morey Marcie , Shirlow Peter , Wentz Bethany , Cummings E. Mark 
Published: August 2020

Burgeoning evidence identifies the influence of fathers and, relatedly, fathers in the family context (e.g., family conflict), on adolescent adjustment. However, little is known about the significance of fathers’ presence in contexts of environmental risk. In a unique social–political context of economic and sociopolitical adversity, this study examined relations between adolescent adjustment, fathers’ presence, and family conflict in families in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Based on responses from 999 adolescents (M = 12.18 years;SD = 1.82) and their mothers, participating from 2006 to 2012, fathers’ presence was linked with reduced internalizing symptoms, and family conflict was related to both internalizing and externalizing problems. The discussion considers the implications for understanding family dynamics related to adolescent adjustment in contexts of environmental adversity.
Perineal stapled prolapse resection for external rectal prolapse: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan K. , Cao A. M. , Barto W. , De Lacavalerie P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimRectal prolapse is an uncommon but debilitating pelvic floor disorder that significantly decreases the quality of life of affected patients. Perineal stapled prolapse resection is a relatively new perineal approach that offers an promising alternative technique in the surgical management of rectal prolapse. It appears to be a simple, reproducible and efficient method. However, long‐term outcomes are limited. The aims of this review are to assess the safety and effectiveness of perineal stapled prolapse resection in the management of rectal prolapse.MethodA systematic review of all articles describing this approach was searched using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Included in this review were all randomized and nonrandomized prospective and retrospective studies reporting patients (aged 16 years and older) with complete rectal prolapse who underwent perineal stapled prolapse resection for the surgical treatment of the rectal prolapse.ResultsA total of 408 patients across 20 articles were included. There were 58 cases of recurrence out of 368 patients over a median length of follow‐up of 18 months (interquartile range 12–34 months). The total weighted overall recurrence was 12%. There were 51 cases of postoperative complications in 350 cases, bleeding being the most common complication.ConclusionThe recurrence rate is comparable to those of the well‐established Altemeier and Delorme procedures. However, given the heterogeneity of studies and variations in lengths of follow‐up, further randomized prospective studies are needed to adequately compare this technique against other procedures for complete rectal prolapse.
Long‐term clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasia with or without the hybrid technique
Authors: Kang DU , Park JC , Hwang SW , Park SH , Yang DH , Kim KJ , Ye BD , Myung SJ , Yang SK , Byeon JS 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe main aim of this study was to compare the long‐term outcome of a conventional colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in which submucosal dissection was continued throughout until the completion of resection (ESD‐T) to hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD‐H) in the colorectum.MethodMedical records of 836 colorectal neoplasia patients treated by ESD‐T or ESD‐H were reviewed. ESD‐H was defined as colorectal ESD with additional snaring in the final stage of the procedure. Primary outcomes were the overall and metastatic recurrence rates. Secondary outcomes were short‐term outcomes such as the en bloc resection rate, procedure time and adverse events.ResultsThe overall recurrence rate was higher in the ESD‐H than in the ESD‐T group (5.7% vs 0.7%, P = 0.001). The metastatic recurrence rate showed no significant difference between these groups (1.4% vs 1.4%, P = 1.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that a failed en bloc resection (hazard ratio 24.097; 95% CI 5.446–106.237; P < 0.001) and larger tumour size (hazard ratio 1.042; 95% CI 1.014–1.070; P = 0.003) were independently associated with overall recurrence. The ESD‐H group showed a lower en bloc resection rate (56.8% vs 96.5%, P < 0.001), shorter procedure time (45.6 vs 54.3 min, P < 0.001) and higher perforation rate (10.3% vs 6.0%, P = 0.029).ConclusionAlthough long‐term outcomes in terms of overall recurrence are inferior following ESD‐H, a failed en bloc resection and large tumour size are the only independent risk factors for recurrence. Further investigations are warranted to improve the long‐term outcomes of ESD‐H.