bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Os paradoxos do agronegócio fumageiro entre os pequenos agricultores no Oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Renk Arlene , Winckler Silvana 
Published: May 2020

O texto aborda os “desencontros” das políticas brasileiras em relação à Convenção-Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco (CQCT), sob auspícios da Organização Mundial da Saúde, ratificada pelo Brasil em 2005. Um dos pontos de embate está na diminuição/erradicação do cultivo do tabaco. O governo brasileiro, numa postura politicamente correta, bane o fumo do espaço público, diminui o número de fumantes, mas oficialmente estimula o cultivo do tabaco para o incremento da balança comercial. Apesar da ratificação da Convenção pelo Brasil, encontramos o cultivo em pequena propriedade, em trabalho familiar, com alta carga de agrotóxico, em integração com a agroindústria fumageira, ou seja, agronegócio, pouco lembrado, quando mencionado. A relação de integração vertical transforma o fumo em primo pobre do agronegócio, em relação aos avicultores e suinocultores, face ao baixo grau de capitalização das famílias integradas. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, envolvendo dois municípios. Entrevistamos vinte fumicultores e quatro lideranças sindicais. Recorremos igualmente a fontes documentais e estatísticas para complementação e aprofundamentos dos dados obtidos em campo. A pesquisa encontra-se em fase de andamento. Como resultados preliminares, observamos que o cultivo do fumo não é opção dos pequenos agricultores, mas uma das únicas saídas encontradas para permanecer na agricultura. Agricultores com maior grau de capitalização recusam-se ao plantio do fumo. As políticas públicas têm olhar oblíquo em relação aos fumicultores.
Transcultural adaptation and validation of the questionnaire “Urgency, Weak stream, Incomplete emptying and Nocturia (UWIN)” for the Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Silva Caroline S. , Freitas Katia S. , R. Ribeiro Anna Paloma , Gomes Cristiano M. , Bessa Junior Jose 
Published: May 2020

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common complaints in the adult male population and have a negative affect in the quality of life and represent an economic burden for the healthcare system worldwide. The International Prostatism Symptom Score (IPSS) is a validated tool for assessing these symptoms, but patients with low literacy may have difficulties comprehending and completing it accurately. The Urgency, Weak Stream, Incomplete Emptying, and Nocturia (UWIN) questionnaire was developed as a shorter tool in the assessment of LUTS to improve accuracy and minimize error. This study aimed at performing cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and validation of UWIN questionnaire for patients with LUTS. The cross-cultural adaptation followed the steps of conceptual, item, semantic, operational, and pre-test equivalence to obtain the UWIN-Br version. The IPSS (gold standard) and UWIN-Br were coadministered, and information regarding the uroflowmetry examination was also recorded. We evaluated 306 men, median age 59 [52-66] years. There was a positive correlation r = 0.804 (p < 0.001) between the total IPSS score and the total UWIN-Br score, as well as the quality of life question (r = 0.761) (p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between. Also, we observed that the maximum flow values decreased with the severity of the LUTS. UWIN-Br demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting the most severe cases. The area under the ROC curve was 89% [81–97%] 95% CI. 280 (91.5%) subjects completed the questionnaires without help, while 26 (8.5%) did so through an interview. The response time was 1.2 [1.0–1.5] min for UWIN-Br and 2.8 [2.2–3.4] min for IPSS (p < 0.001). UWIN-Br presents satisfactory and similar psychometric properties to the IPSS in the evaluation of LUTS and quality of life and is suitable for use in both clinical practice and research in our country.
Removal of Crude Oil from Aqueous Medium by Sorption on Sterculis setigera
Authors: Osemeahon S. A. , Dimas B. J. 
Published: May 2020

This study will present a novel method for crude oil remediation in water. The research was carried out to explore the possible application of Sterculia setigera as a potential biodegradable sorbent for oil cleanup from water. The crude Sterculia setigera (CSS), retted Sterculia setigera (RSS) and bleached Sterculia setigera (PFSS) were subjected to sorption studies to optimize their sorption capacity. The results revealed that the efficiency of sorbent to remove crude oil from water is related to the sorbent weight, contact time, initial oil concentration and temperature of sorption. It was found that increase in sorbent weight led to increase in sorption capacity from 3.75 -5.12 g/g, 4.72- 6.41 g/g, and 4.61-6.18 g/g in CSS, RSS and PFSS respectively. Oil sorption capacity increases by 21-27% when oil concentration was varied from 5-20 g. Contact time played a role only at the beginning of oil sorption study and became less important near equilibrium. Sorption time was varied from 10-70 min and the highest sorption capacity was recorded at 30 min. then it gradually reduced and became steady. The effect of temperature was investigated from 30-60°C. A decreased of 34-37% in oil sorption capacity was observed with increased in temperature. RSS exhibit lower water sorption when compared to the other sorbents. The sorbents showed good reusability after 8 cycles, with less than 50% reduction in sorption capacity and good reusability. Sterculia setigera demonstrated good potentials for utilization as natural sorbent for oil cleanup.
Effect of Pearl Millet on Glycaemic Control and Lipid Profile in Streptozocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Rat Model
Authors: Sukar Khalid Abbas Owish , Abdalla Rihab Ibrahim , Humeda Humeda Suekit , Alameen Ahmed Omer , Mubarak Eltayeb Ibrahim 
Published: May 2020

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the effect of Pear millet on glycaemic control and lipid profile in streptozocin diabetic rat model.
Methodology: Forty healthy mature male rats were used in this study. The rats divided into 4 groups, ten rats in each and group (A) and (B) normal control rats while group (C) and (D) considered as diabetic rats. Diabetes induced by intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozocin and confirmed by high blood glucose level which considered day 0. The experiment 1, included two groups (A and C), equal rats and the parameters investigated were measured in days 0, 14 and 28. The experiment 2 included two groups (B and D) were received 20% pearl millet and the blood samples were measured in days 0, 14 and 28.
Results: The obtained results revealed significant (P<0.05) reduction in insulin and adiponectin (P<0.001) and elevation of blood glucose (P<0.001) in diabetic rats in group C, while significant (P<0.05) reductions in blood glucose, LDL levels and significant (P<0.05) elevation in adiponectin and HDL levels were detected in rats in group B and D.
Conclusions: The studies provide evidence that pearl millet induces hypoglycemic effect and improved lipidemic control in diabetic rats.
Influence of Pre-sowing Treatments on the Germination of Prosopis africana (Guill. and Perr.) Taub. Seeds
Authors: Chukwu Onyekachi , Egwunatum Anselm E. , Udekwe Maryprecious A. , Ezenwenyi Jacinta U. 
Published: May 2020

Aims: The application of pre-sowing treatment has greatly improved the germination of seeds of tree species used in afforestation programmes all over the world. This study aimed to determine the effect of different pre-sowing treatments on the germination of Prosopis africana seeds.
Study Design: The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out from 11th November to 30th December 2019atthe Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Ten seeds each were soaked in ten treatments: tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid (H2SO4) for 10, 20 and 30 minutes; hot water for 6, 12 and 24 hours; and cold water for 3, 5 and 7 days. Ten seeds from each of the treatments were sown in a germination box containing sterilized river bank sand and each replicated five (5) times. Percentage germinations for each treatment were arcsine transformed, subjected to analysis of variance and significant means were separated using Duncan multiple range test at 5% probability level.
Results: The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in germination. The seeds treated with acid for 30 minutes had the highest mean (51.405) and standard deviation (8.983), seeds soaked in cold water for 3 days and 7 days had no germination.
Conclusion: The study concluded that soaking Prosopis africana seeds for 30 minutes in H2SO4 breaks its dormancy, hence, was recommended for improved seed germination.
Identification and Expression Analysis of Stress Responsive Genes in Lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: Yadav Annu , . Himanshi , . Shruti , Singh Jitender , Kumar Pankaj , Khanna Shivani , Sirohi Anil 
Published: May 2020

Plants during their growth, experience periodic stress conditions both abiotic (adverse environmental conditions) as well as biotic (infection by pathogens). They appear to respond to these adverse conditions by modulating the expression of many genes. One of the pronounced effects of stress on plant is the enhanced synthesis of a set of proteins-termed ' stress proteins'. Lentil contains asset of genes/proteins which helps this crop to overcome abiotic stresses. In the present study, HSP70 (Heat Shock Protein), LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) and Aldolase genes were identified and cloned in pTZ57RT vector followed by sequencing. Expression analysis was done through Q-PCR which was assessed by using cDNA from all the heat, drought and salinity stressed and unstressed lentil cotyledons. The highest level of transcript of HSP70 was realized upon exposure to heat at 45°C for 3 hour followed by at 45°C for 2 hour and lowest at 40°C for 1hour. LEA gene was identified under drought and salinity stress and highest transcript was at 20% PEG for 3 hour (drought stress) and in salinity stress highest transcript was at 150 mm for 6 hour. For Aldolase gene highest transcript was recorded after 3, 6 and 12 hr at 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM of salinity stress respectively. From these studies it can be concluded that heat shock protein gene, LEA, and aldolase present in lentil which can be exploited in overcoming the abiotic stresses for obtaining the higher productivity in crop plants through genetic engineering.
The Impact of Intervention on Pharmacists’ Counselling on Patients’ Knowledge and Opinion of Antibacterial Usage
Authors: Michael Adeola Adebisi , Kayode Omole Moses , Adelanwa Itiola Oludele 
Published: May 2020

The knowledge and opinion of patients on antibacterial usage depends on pharmacist’s counselling. In Nigeria, study assessing patients’ perception of pharmacists’ antibacterial counselling is scarce. This study assessed the knowledge and opinion of patients on antibacterial usage as a result of pharmacists’ counselling pre and post intervention. The study was a cross sectional study among 409 outpatients with antibacterial prescriptions in 17-government-owned secondary healthcare facilities in Ogun State of Nigeria between July 2017 and May 2018. The knowledge and the opinion of the patients were determined via structured questionnaire and deficiency was addressed via intervention training for the pharmacists. Re-assessment was carried out after a month.
Four hundred and nine patients participated at each of the two phases of the study. The mean age at the baseline survey, was 43.9 ± 14.9 and the age range was 19 - 87 years while at the post intervention survey, the mean age was 44.1 ± 15.7 and the age range was from 18 to 91 years. The patients that were probed on drugs they had at hand or at home increased from 20 (4.9%) to 263 (64.3%) between the two phases. Seventeen, (4.2%) and 171 (41.8) claimed to receive counselling on necessity of completing the course of therapy at the two phases respectively. The survey confirmed that 284 (69.4%) and 319 (77.9%) at the two phases respectively were of the view that counselling on drugs is best done by pharmacists. Two hundred and fifty six (62.7%) and 262 (64.1%) patients rated the counselling they received as ≥ 70% at the two phases respectively. There was significant improvement in the knowledge and opinion of patients on antibacterial usage due to pharmacists’ counselling post intervention p < .05. Constant training on antibacterial counselling should therefore be encouraged among pharmacists.
A Systematic Literature Review of Current Therapeutic Approaches for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Soltani Saber , Zakeri Amir Mohammad , Karimi Mohammad Reza , Rezayat Sara Akhavan , Anbaji Fateme Zomorodi , Tabibzadeh Alireza , Yousefi Parastoo , Zakeri Armin , Jafarpour Ali , Norouzi Mehdi , Erfani Yousef , Poortahmasebi Vahdat 
Published: May 2020

Background: In December 2019, the pneumonia outbreak reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. WHO introduced a novel coronavirus and the virus named Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in January 2020. There are not any specific antiviral agents for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19).
Objective: Our review aimed to discuss treatment options and the efficacy of currently prescribed drugs and supportive care in COVID‐19 patients.
Study Design: A literature review of the articles in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE conducted.
Results: Lopinavir/ritonavir combination was the most frequently used drug, followed by Arbidol and Oseltamivir and Methylprednisolone. Lopinavir/Ritonavir outcome showed the fever and respiratory infection improve in day two and day eight, respectively. Also, negative PCR of SARS‐CoV‐2 in days six and 7day was seen and finally these patients discharged in 10 days.
Conclusions: Lopinavir/Ritonavir was the most improving administrated antiviral combination, which might be a good option for COVID-19 due to its availability. Although supportive care such as O2 supplementary and IV fluid therapy has improved outcomes. There are not evidence for suggesting a new treatment or a new drug, which mean the necessity of further investigations for drug research in a clinical trial for a conclusion about the optimum treatment.
Impact of varying air cavity on planning dosimetry for rectum patients treated on a 1.5 T hybrid MR‐linac system
Authors: Godoy Scripes Paola , Subashi Ergys , Burleson Sarah , Liang Jiayi , Romesser Paul , Crane Christopher , Mechalakos James , Hunt Margie , Tyagi Neelam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the dosimetric impact of magnetic (B) field on varying air cavities in rectum patients treated on the hybrid 1.5 T MR‐linac.MethodsArtificial air cavities of varying diameters (0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 cm) were created for four rectum patients (two prone and two supine). A total of 56 plans using a 7 MV flattening filter‐free beam were generated with and without B‐field. Reference intensity‐modulated radiation therapy treatment plans without air cavity in the presence and absence of B‐field were generated to a total dose of 45/50 Gy. The reference plans were copied and recalculated for the varying air cavities. D95(PTV45–PTV50), D95(PTV50–aircavity), V50(PTV50–aircavity), Dmax(PTV50–aircavity), and V110%(PTV50–aircavity) were extracted for each patient. Annulus rings of 1‐mm‐diameter step size were generated for one of the air cavity plans (3.0 cm) for all four patients to determine Dmax (%) and V110% (cc) within each annulus.ResultsIn the presence of B‐field, hot spots at the cavity interface start to become visible at ~1 cm air cavity in both supine and prone positioning due to electron return effect (ERE). In the presence of B‐field Dmax and V110% varied from 5523 ± 49 cGy and 0.09 ± 0.16 cc for 0 cm air cavity size to 6050 ± 109 cGy and 11.6 ± 6.7 cc for 5 cm air cavity size. The hot spots were located within 3 mm inside the rectal‐air interface, where Dmax increased from 110.4 ± 0.5% without B‐field to 119.2 ± 0.8 % with B‐field.ConclusionsAir cavities inside rectum affects rectum plan dosimetry due ERE. Location and magnitude of hot spots are dependent on the size of the air cavity.
An experimental investigation of the misinformation effect in crime‐related amnesia claims
Authors: Mangiulli Ivan , Otgaar Henry , Curci Antonietta , Jelicic Marko 
Published: May 2020

SummaryResearch suggests that both internal (i.e., lying) and external (i.e., misinformation) factors can affect memory for a crime. We aimed to explore the effects of post‐event misinformation on crime‐related amnesia claims. We showed participants a mock crime and asked them to either simulate amnesia (simulators) or confess to it (confessors). Next, some participants were provided with misinformation. Finally, all participants were requested to genuinely recollect the crime. Overall, simulators reported less correct information than confessors. Moreover, these two groups were equally vulnerable to misinformation. In addition, exploratory analyses on strategies adopted by simulators revealed that those who previously, mostly omitted information while simulating amnesia exhibited the lowest amount of correct details. Simulators who instead used a mixed strategy disclosed more fabricated memory errors. Findings suggest that legal professionals and jurors should take into account that even offenders, irrespective of confessing or simulating memory loss for a crime, can be susceptible to post‐event misinformation.
Successive relearning improves performance on a high‐stakes exam in a difficult biopsychology course
Authors: Janes Jessica L. , Dunlosky John , Rawson Katherine A. , Jasnow Aaron 
Published: May 2020

SummarySuccessive relearning combines two effective learning techniques (retrieval practice and spaced practice) and involves practicing retrieval until some level of mastery has been reached (i.e., at least one correct retrieval attempt) in each of multiple sessions. Several laboratory studies have demonstrated the promise of successive relearning for enhancing student learning, but attempts to evaluate its effectiveness in authentic educational contexts are limited. In the current research, we implemented successive relearning in a difficult biopsychology course to examine its effectiveness at enhancing student learning on a high‐stakes exam. Students successively relearned some course content via a virtual flashcard program, whereas other course content was learned with business‐as‐usual activities. In two experiments, successive relearning boosted students' learning of course content by at least 10% (with ds ranging from 0.54 to 1.10). These findings suggest that implementing successive relearning in courses can be an effective method of promoting student achievement.
Investigation on the flow characteristics of a novel multi‐blade combined agitator by time‐resolved particle image velocimetry and large eddy simulation
Authors: Xu Yan , Wu Bin , Luo Peicheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigated the flow characteristics in a tank of H/T = 1.5 stirred by a novel multi‐blade combined agitator (MBC) by using time‐resolved particle image velocimetry and large eddy simulation approach. The predictions were assessed by Y+ values, Taylor microscale and power spectrum analysis, as well as experimental validation of velocity distributions. Results demonstrate that the MBC agitator can load the energy into the system effectively with a power number of 12.5 in a turbulent regime, resulting in improved axial and radial mass exchange. The upper and lower short blades produce an axial down‐flow in the top half and an axial up‐flow in the bottom half, respectively. Part of axial flows change to radial flows by the radial pumping of the long blades, meanwhile, the impingement of two axial flows improves the axial mass exchange. These flow characteristics lead to an obvious improvement in the turbulent kinetic energy distribution uniformity with higher turbulent intensity.
High H2 permeable SAPO‐34 hollow fiber membrane for high temperature propane dehydrogenation application
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Xu Jeff , Pati Subhasis , Chen Tianjia , Deng Yuzhen , Dewangan Nikita , Meng Lie , Lin Jerry Y.S. , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSAPO‐34 hollow fiber zeolite membranes are successfully synthesized on α‐Al2O3 hollow fiber ceramic substrates by secondary growth method, and used to separate H2 from a binary mixture (H2, C3H8) or ternary mixture (H2, C3H8, and C3H6) under a wide temperature range (25–600°C) with the aim of using them for propane dehydrogenation (PDH) reactions at high temperature. The results show excellent performance for H2/C3H8 and H2/ C3H8 & C3H6 separation, with high H2 permeance of 3.1 × 10−7 mol/m2/s/Pa and H2/C3H8 selectivity of 41 at 600°C. Additionally, the membrane shows stable performance for 140 hr of H2/C3H8 separation test at 600°C. The high performance of this membrane is mainly attributed to the thin (∼2 μm) zeolite layer and asymmetric‐wall of the hollow fiber support. So far, this membrane offers the highest hydrogen permeation and selectivity for H2/C3H8 separation at high temperature (600°C) compared to those reported in literature.
Drop size correlation and population balance model for an agitated‐pulsed solvent extraction column
Authors: Tan Boren , Lan Minle , Li Longxiang , Wang Yong , Qi Tao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAgitated‐pulsed column (APC) is a newly designed extraction column with excellent mass transfer performance. In this work, Sauter mean drop diameter d32 and drop size distribution was investigated under different operation conditions in a 25 mm diameter APC. The results show that with an increase in pulsation intensity and agitation speed the drop size distribution is narrowed and d32 is decreased significantly. With increasing dispersed‐phase velocity, d32 increased and drop size distribution become narrow, while there was no noticeable change with continuous velocity. The cumulative size distribution was found to be predicted well using the Inverse Gaussian function. A new correlation was proposed to predict the experimental d32 data of the APC column used in this study. Furthermore, population balance model was applied to predict the drop size distribution with refitted parameters in the breakage, coalescence kernels functions.
Interfacial microdroplet evaporative crystallization on 3D printed regular matrix platform
Authors: Jiang Xiaobin , Han Mingguang , Xia Zeqiu , Li Jin , Ruan Xuehua , Yan Xiaoming , Xiao Wu , He Gaohong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDroplet evaporative crystallization on microscale heterogeneous surface is a vivid topic in chemical engineering, bioengineering, nanomaterials, and so on. Here, 3D printed interfacial matrix platform with regular pillar convexity and tunnel structure is fabricated to reveal the mechanism of the interfacial micro droplet crystallization. Element‐based rotation volume model is established to simulate the concentration and nucleation barrier distribution during the microscale process. Sodium urate monohydrate and NaCl crystallization on the pillar convex structure both confirm that confined capillary flow in the micro droplet and initial nucleation condition dominate the nucleation, growth control and particle distribution. Droplet crystallization stretches over the tunnel structure reveal an interesting phenomenon that two regions possessing distinct‐different nucleation barriers can isolated obtain the crystal particles from nanoscale to even millimeter scale. The fabricated platform and the capillary circulation transfer theory unfold a potential approach to harvest high value‐added crystals with specific morphology and desire sizes distribution.