bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elegant antidisturbance fault‐tolerant control for stochastic systems with multiple heterogeneous disturbances
Authors: Dong Lewei , Wei Xinjiang , Hu Xin , Zhang Huifeng , Han Jian , Liu Xiuhua 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this article, the elegant antidisturbance fault‐tolerant control (EADFTC) problem is studied for a class of stochastic systems in the simultaneous presence of multiple heterogeneous disturbances and time‐varying faults. The multiple heterogeneous disturbances include white noise, norm bounded uncertain disturbances and uncertain modeled disturbances with multiple nonlinearities and unknown amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. The time‐varying fault signals are caused by lose efficacy of actuator. To online estimate uncertain modeled disturbances and time‐varying faults, a novel composite observer structure consisting of the adaptive nonlinear disturbance observer and the fault diagnosis observer is constructed. The novel EADFTC strategy is proposed by integrating composite observer structure with adaptive disturbance observer‐based control theory and H∞ technology. It is proved that all the signals of closed‐loop system are asymptotically bounded in mean square under the circumstances of multiple heterogeneous disturbances and time‐varying faults occur simultaneously. Finally, the effectiveness and availability of proposed strategy are demonstrated by means of the numerical simulation and a doubly fed induction generators system simulation, respectively.
Two‐stage 3D model‐based UAV pose estimation: A comparison of methods for optimization
Authors: Pessanha Santos Nuno , Lobo Victor , Bernardino Alexandre 
Published: January 2020

AbstractParticle Filters (PFs) have been successfully used in three‐dimensional (3D) model‐based pose estimation. Typically, these filters depend on the computation of importance weights that use similarity metrics as a proxy to approximate the likelihood function. In this paper, we explore the use of a two‐stage 3D model‐based approach based on a PF for single‐frame pose estimation. First, we use a classifier trained in a synthetic data set for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) detection and a pretrained database indexed by bounding boxes properties to obtain an initial rough pose estimate. Second, we employ optimization algorithms to optimize the used similarity metrics and decrease the obtained error. We have tested four different algorithms: (a) Particle Filter Optimization (PFO), (b) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), (c) modified PSO, and (d) an approach based on the evolution strategies present in the genetic algorithms named Genetic Algorithm‐based Framework (GAbF). To check the quality of the estimate on each iteration, we have tested several similarity metrics (color, edge, and mask‐based) based on the UAV Computer‐Aided Design (CAD) model. The framework is applied to the outdoor pose estimation of a fixed‐wing UAV for autonomous landing in a Fast Patrol Boat (FPB). We extend our previous approach by adopting a better problem formulation, using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for UAV detection, making the comparison between the used similarity metrics, comparing pose optimization schemes, and showing new results. The future work will focus on the inclusion of this scheme in a tracking architecture to increase the accuracy of the result between observations.
Probabilistic models of the strut efficiency factor for RC deep beams with MCMC method
Authors: Liu Xi , Wu Tao , An Yuanyuan , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe probabilistic model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling procedure was proposed for estimating the value of strut efficiency factor in the strut‐and‐tie model (STM). The STMs according to various proposals from different researchers were compared with the database containing 691 tests on the shear strength of RC deep beams. Strut efficiency factor models were collected and compared against the experimental results in the database. Considering prior information, established database, and existing models, the probabilistic model was improved by considering the shear span‐to‐depth ratio, web reinforcement ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and dimension of specimen. The proposed model was evaluated by the results in the database, which shows better accuracy and discreteness with mean and CoV of 1.047 and 0.248, respectively.
Effect of intraoral antioxidative capacity in orengedokuto
Authors: Nishijima Hiroaki , Takamatsu Satoshi , Satoh Kazue , Murase Remi , Taki Iori , Kamei Daisuke , Kawazoe Kazuyoshi , Nemoto Yukio , Iwai Shinichi 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study is to clarify the antioxidative effects of orengedokuto (OGT) and its crude drug components in the human oral cavity.MethodIn healthy subjects, the amount of change between the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) value of saliva when gargled with water or with Kampo extract was compared to verify the antioxidant capacity of Kampo extract (OGT and excluding each single constituent in OGT) in the oral cavity. Moreover, the superoxide radical in this Kampo extract was measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry to determine its inherent antioxidative capacity.ResultsIn this protocol using saliva, the antioxidative capacity of OGT extract was dose‐dependent. The OGT extract showed a significantly higher antioxidative capacity compared to the byakkokaninjinto extract, and the effect was almost equivalent to that of the green tea extract. In the comparison of excluding each single crude drug from OGT, excluding the Scutellaria Root extract showed the lowest antioxidative capacity. In the comparison of crude drug constituting of OGT, the Scutellaria Root extract showed the highest antioxidant ability. These results showed very similar behavior to the superoxide scavenging activity of Kampo extract itself measured by ESR.ConclusionThis almost noninvasive test method can easily evaluate the intraoral antioxidative capacity and was effective in verifying the antioxidative capacity of Kampo medicines. In OGT, Scutellaria Root made a significant contribution in the antioxidative capacity of the crude drug extract itself in vitro and the intraoral antioxidative capacity in vivo.
Walk a Day in My Shoes: Cultivating Cross‐Cultural Understanding Through Digital Literacy
Authors: Clarke Lane W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWalk a Day in My Shoes is a curricular project designed to provide a starting point for teachers to cultivate cross‐cultural understanding among elementary‐age students. In this curricular project, students created their own digital stories about a day spent in their shoes. Through photography, writing, and digital storytelling, each student re‐created a typical day in their life. Then, these stories were shared and exchanged among six global classrooms in the United States, Morocco, France, Romania, Malaysia, and Ireland. The goal of this project was to support students in learning about others and, at the same time, learn about themselves as part of a global community. The author describes this project and presents other ways that teachers can use literacy to create cross‐cultural experiences for their students.
Brood recognition and discrimination in ants
Authors: Schultner E. , Pulliainen U. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn social insect colonies, individuals need to communicate to coordinate cooperative tasks and protect the colony and its resources against intruders. To maintain colony integrity, it can be particularly important to recognize nestmates and discriminate against non-nestmate conspecifics and heterospecific predators and parasites. As typical intruders are either con- or heterospecific adults, the mechanisms underlying recognition and discrimination processes in interactions among adults have been well described. Ant brood (eggs, larvae, and pupae) can also play a key role in social interactions, and brood is of special importance when it comes to the priorities of worker ants. However, whether ants can, or even need to, recognize brood of different origins, is not always clear. In this review, we integrate the results of 100 years of study on brood recognition and discrimination in ants into a general framework. We begin with an overview of the proximate mechanisms involved in brood recognition and discrimination. We then discuss why brood recognition and discrimination should evolve and review the evidence for brood recognition on three organizational levels: within nests, between conspecifics and between species. We conclude by examining the constraints acting on accurate recognition and/or discrimination. With this review, we hope to inspire future research on the fascinating life of ant brood.
A new analytical workflow using HPLC with drift-tube ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry for the detection of drug-related metabolites in plants
Authors: Mlynek Franz , Himmelsbach Markus , Buchberger Wolfgang , Klampfl Christian W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInvestigations into the interaction of xenobiotics with plants (and in particular edible plants) have gained substantial interest, as water scarcity due to climate-change-related droughts requires the more frequent use of reclaimed wastewaters for irrigation in agriculture. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are common contaminants found in wastewater treatment plant effluents. For this reason, the interaction of nine edible plants with diclofenac (DCF), a widely used representative of this group of drugs, was investigated. For this purpose, plants were hydroponically grown in a medium containing DCF. For the detection of unknown DCF-related metabolites formed in the plant upon uptake of the parent drug‚ a new workflow based on the use of HPLC coupled to drift-tube ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (DTIM QTOF-MS) was developed. Thereby‚ for chromatographic peaks eluting from the HPLC, drift times were recorded, and analytes were subsequently fragmented in the DTIM QTOF-MS to provide significant fragments. All information available (retention times, drift times, fragment spectra, accurate mass) was finally combined‚ allowing the suggestion of molecular formulas for 30 DCF-related metabolites formed in the plant, whereby 23 of them were not yet known from the literature.
Twisting with a Flip (The Art of Pestunization)
Authors: Festuccia Guido , Qiu Jian , Winding Jacob , Zabzine Maxim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe construct $$\mathcal{N}=2$$N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory on 4D manifolds with a Killing vector field with isolated fixed points. It turns out that for every fixed point one can allocate either instanton or anti-instanton contributions to the partition function, and that this is compatible with supersymmetry. The equivariant Donaldson–Witten theory is a special case of our construction. We present a unified treatment of Pestun’s calculation on $$S^4$$S4 and equivariant Donaldson–Witten theory by generalizing the notion of self-duality on manifolds with a vector field. We conjecture the full partition function for a $$\mathcal{N}=2$$N=2 theory on any 4D manifold with a Killing vector. Using this new notion of self-duality to localize a supersymmetric theory is what we call “Pestunization”.
Mental rotation with abstract and embodied objects as stimuli: evidence from event-related potential (ERP)
Authors: Jansen Petra , Render Anna , Scheer Clara , Siebertz Markus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigated sex differences in performance and neuronal activity in a mental rotation task with abstract and embodied figures. Fifty-eight participants (26 females and 32 males) completed a chronometric mental rotation task with cube figures, human figures, and body postures. The results are straightforward: depending on angular disparity, participants had a faster reaction time and a higher accuracy rate for embodied stimuli compared to cube figures. The electroencephalogram (EEG) activity pattern showed a higher negative amplitude modulation in the frontal electrodes for females compared to males during the late (400–600 ms) time interval. From 200 to 400 ms after stimulus onset, there was a different activation pattern in the parietal and central electrodes, whereas frontal electrodes did not show differences between embodied and abstract stimuli. From 400 to 600 ms after stimulus onset, there was a different pattern in the central and frontal electrodes but not in the parietal areas for embodied figures in compared to cube figures. Concluding, even though there were no sex differences in the behavioral data, the EEG data did show alterations at the late time interval. Thus, the disparate results regarding sex differences that depend on the type of analysis (behavioral versus neurophysiological) should be more thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, the difference in processing embodied stimuli in an object-based mental rotation task could be confirmed in EEG activity pattern for the first time.
Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury and Gender‐Based Critical Care Outcomes
Authors: Elkbuli Adel , Smith Zachary , Shaikh Saamia , Hai Shaikh , McKenney Mark , Boneva Dessy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major contributor to death and complications. Previous studies have identified gender disparities among trauma patients. This study aims to examine the association between gender and outcomes in TBI patients.Study design and methodsReview of our trauma registry: Patients were classified into groups according to their gender. Demographics extracted from the registry included age, injury severity score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), head abbreviated injury score (AIS), and the presence of an epidural hematoma (EDH). The primary outcome was mortality; secondary outcomes included ICU length of stay (ICU‐LOS), craniotomy rate, ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP), and readmission rates. Significance was defined as p < 0.05.ResultsNine hundred and thirty‐five patients with TBI were studied: 62.1% (n = 581) were male and 37.9% (n = 354) were female. There were no differences in GCS, ISS, and head AIS. Males were younger [53 (IQR 30–77) vs. 76 (IQR 49.25–84), p < 0.05] and were more likely to have an EDH (9.6% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.007). Males also had a longer median ICU‐LOS [4 days (IQR 2–8) vs. 3 days (IQR 0–5), p < 0.05] and were significantly more likely to require a craniotomy (44.6% vs. 19.2%, p < 0.001). In addition, males were more likely to develop VAP (4.1% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.004). Predicted survival (79.2% vs. 72.9%) and actual mortality rates (4.5% vs. 4.5%) were similar in both genders (p > 0.05).ConclusionIn the context of our study, male patients with TBI were significantly younger, were more likely to sustain an EDH, and were also more likely to require a craniotomy, but mortality rates between both genders were similar. The male gender was also associated with a significantly increased ICU‐LOS and VAP.
Transfer learning radiomics based on multimodal ultrasound imaging for staging liver fibrosis
Authors: Xue Li-Yun , Jiang Zhuo-Yun , Fu Tian-Tian , Wang Qing-Min , Zhu Yu-Li , Dai Meng , Wang Wen-Ping , Yu Jin-Hua , Ding Hong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To propose a transfer learning (TL) radiomics model that efficiently combines the information from gray scale and elastogram ultrasound images for accurate liver fibrosis grading.

Methods
Totally 466 patients undergoing partial hepatectomy were enrolled, including 401 with chronic hepatitis B and 65 without fibrosis pathologically. All patients received elastography and got liver stiffness measurement (LSM) 2–3 days before surgery. We proposed a deep convolutional neural network by TL to analyze images of gray scale modality (GM) and elastogram modality (EM). The TL process was used for liver fibrosis classification by Inception-V3 network which pretrained on ImageNet. The diagnostic performance of TL and non-TL was compared. The value of single modalities, including GM and EM alone, and multimodalities, including GM + LSM and GM + EM, was evaluated and compared with that of LSM and serological indexes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to calculate the optimal area under the curve (AUC) for classifying fibrosis of S4, ≥ S3, and ≥ S2.

Results
TL in GM and EM demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy than non-TL, with significantly higher AUCs (all p < .01). Single-modal GM and EM both performed better than LSM and serum indexes (all p < .001). Multimodal GM + EM was the most accurate prediction model (AUCs are 0.950, 0.932, and 0.930 for classifying S4, ≥ S3, and ≥ S2, respectively) compared with GM + LSM, GM and EM alone, LSM, and biomarkers (all p < .05).

Conclusions
Liver fibrosis can be staged by a transfer learning modal based on the combination of gray scale and elastogram ultrasound images, with excellent performance.

Key Points
• Transfer learning consists in applying to a specific deep learning algorithm that pretrained on another relevant problem, expected to reduce the risk of overfitting due to insufficient medical images.
• Liver fibrosis can be staged by transfer learning radiomics with excellent performance.
• The most accurate prediction model of transfer learning by Inception-V3 network is the combination of gray scale and elastogram ultrasound images.
FishCam & FishNet – fischökologisches Monitoring 4.0
Authors: Mader Helmut , Sabine Käfer  
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung eines fischökologischen Monitorings 4.0 mittels FishCam und FishNet hatte zum Ziel, automatisierbare Aufgaben, wie die präzise, ausdauernde und rund um die Uhr einsetzbare Erfassung von Felddaten und die Vorauswertung derselben mit den finalen Expertisen einer Artbestimmung und Bewertung durch Fachkräfte zu verknüpfen. Mit dem neu entwickelten System zur Felddatenerfassung mittels LAN-Kamera in einem Reinwassergehäuse und einem Erfassungstunnel wird die Fischmigration automatisch ohne hydraulischen Einfluss, ohne Hälterung der Fische in Reusen und ohne Kontakt und Stress für die Fische erfasst. Die Bildklassifizierung in Fish- und NoFish-Objekte erfolgt auf Basis eines trainierten Deep Convolutional Neural Network und erreicht eine Genauigkeit einer Differenzierung von ca. 97 %. Neben der Standardanwendung einer Funktionskontrolle für Organismenwanderanlagen wurden Sonderanwendungen wie die Überwachung von Rechenanlagen, Reusenkehlen, Fang- und Transportkörben, Schwemmleitungen und Abstiegs-Bypässen sowie die Überwachung bei extremer Laubdrift erfolgreich durchgeführt. Basierend auf der sekundengenauen Erfassung der Wanderzeiten der Einzelindividuen erfolgten über Sonderauswertungen die Analyse eines Blockadeeffekts bei der Annäherungen der Fische zu intermittierend arbeitenden Organismenwanderanlagen sowie die Analyse der Auffindbarkeit, der Tages- und Jahresgänge der Fischwanderung und die Auswertung von Massenwanderungen.
Osteoimmunology in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis: potential effects of tofacitinib on bone involvement
Authors: Orsolini Giovanni , Bertoldi Ilaria , Rossini Maurizio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChronic inflammation, such as that present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), leads to aberrations in bone remodeling, which is mediated by several signaling pathways, including the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. In this light, pro-inflammatory cytokines are now clearly implicated in these processes as they can perturb normal bone remodeling through their action on osteoclasts and osteoblasts at both intra- and extra-articular skeletal sites. As a selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK3, tofacitinib has the potential to play a role in the management of rheumatic diseases such as RA and PsA. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that tofacitinib can inhibit disturbed osteoclastogenesis in RA, which suggests that targeting the JAK-STAT pathway may help limit bone erosion. Evidence from clinical trials with tofacitinib in RA and PsA is encouraging, as tofacitinib treatment has been shown to decrease articular bone erosion. In this review, the authors summarize current knowledge on the relationship between the immune system and the skeleton before examining the involvement of JAK-STAT signaling in bone homeostasis as well as the available preclinical and clinical evidence on the benefits of tofacitinib on prevention of bone involvement in RA and PsA.Key Points• Chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) leads to disturbances in bone remodeling• Bone remodeling is mediated by several signaling pathways, including the JAK-STAT pathway• Tofacitinib, a selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK3, is active in RA and PsA and may help limit systemic bone loss through inhibiting disturbed osteoclastogenesis• Clinical trials show that tofacitinib reduces articular bone erosion
Gains v. losses, or context dependence generated by confusion?
Authors: Houston Alasdair I. , Wiesner Karoline 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTversky and Kahneman introduced the term framing for the finding that people give different answers to the same question depending on the way it is posed. One form of framing involves presenting the same outcome as either a gain or a loss. An experiment on starlings by Marsh and Kacelnik suggests that this form of framing occurs in non-humans. We argue that the experimental result demonstrates framing in the general sense of context dependence but does not provide compelling evidence of framing in terms of gains and losses. A version of scalar utility theory which is extended to include the possibility of memory errors accounts for the data and suggests future lines of research.
Bone-to-Bone and Implant-to-Bone Impingement: A Novel Graphical Representation for Hip Replacement Planning
Authors: Palit Arnab , King Richard , Hart Zoe , Gu Yolanda , Pierrepont James , Elliott Mark T. , Williams Mark A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBone-to-bone impingement (BTBI) and implant-to-bone impingement (ITBI) risk assessment is generally performed intra-operatively by surgeons, which is entirely subjective and qualitative, and therefore, lead to sub-optimal results and recurrent dislocation in some cases. Therefore, a method was developed for identifying subject-specific BTBI and ITBI, and subsequently, visualising the impingement area on native bone anatomy to highlight where prominent bone should be resected. Activity definitions and subject-specific bone geometries, with planned implants were used as inputs for the method. The ITBI and BTBI boundary and area were automatically identified using ray intersection and region growing algorithm respectively to retain the same ‘conical clearance angle’ obtained to avoid prosthetic impingement (PI). The ITBI and BTBI area was then presented with different colours to highlight the risk of impingement, and importance of resection. A clinical study with five patients after 2 years of THA was performed to validate the method. The results supported the study hypothesis, in that the predicted highest risk area (red coloured zone) was completely/majorly resected during the surgery. Therefore, this method could potentially be used to examine the effect of different pre-operative plans and hip motions on BTBI, ITBI, and PI, and to guide bony resection during THA surgery.