bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KIF15 promotes the evolution of gastric cancer cells through inhibition of reactive oxygen species‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: Tao Jinqiu , Sun Guangli , Li Qing , Zhi Xiaofei , Li Zheng , He Zhongyuan , Chen Huihui , Zhou Aiping , Ye Jiahui , Xu Guifang , Guan Wenxian , Zhang Weijie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKinesin family member 15 (KIF15) is a member of the kinesin superfamily of proteins, which promotes cell mitosis, participates in the transport of intracellular materials, and helps structural assembly and cell signaling pathways transduction. However, its biological role and molecular mechanisms of action in the development of gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. In the present study, an integrated analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus database, and Kaplan–Meier plotter database was performed to predict the expression and prognostic value of KIF15 in GC patients. Detection of KIF15 expression in GC cells and tissues was performed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In vitro cell proliferation, viability, colony formation ability and flow cytometry assays, and in vivo tumorigenicity assay, were performed to evaluate the effects of KIF15 knockdown on GC cell phenotype. It was demonstrated that the expression of KIF15 messenger RNA in GC tissues was significantly higher compared with that in adjacent tissues, and was closely associated with larger tumor size and poor patient prognosis. In addition, functional studies demonstrated that, due to the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the interference with the expression of KIF15 not only decreased cell proliferation but also increased cell apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest. ROS‐mediated activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/c‐Jun signaling reduced cell proliferation by regulating the GC cell cycle and increasing apoptosis. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that KIF15 is an oncoprotein contributing to GC progression, and is expected to help identify novel biomarkers and treatment targets in GC.
The Rise and Fall of the Bureaucratic Bourgeoisie: Public Sector Employees and Economic Privilege in Postcolonial Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Simson Rebecca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn 1961, Frantz Fanon scathingly characterised the emerging African elite as a bourgeoisie of the civil service. Many have since described Africa's public sector employees as a rentier class that grew disproportionately large in relation to the continent's underdeveloped private sector. Is this characterisation still accurate? Using educational data and household budget surveys from Kenya and Tanzania, this article situates public sector employees within their respective educational hierarchies and national income distributions over time. It finds that since independence, the share of public sector employees at the top of these distributions has declined. The corollary to this is an increase in the share of private sector employees and business owners at the top, providing some cautious support for the notion of a rising private sector upper and middle class. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Noncontrast Radiomics Approach for Predicting Grades of Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Bian Yun , Zhao Zengrui , Jiang Hui , Fang Xu , Li Jing , Cao Kai , Ma Chao , Guo Shiwei , Wang Li , Jin Gang , Lu Jianping , Xu Jun 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration is associated with the accurate determination of tumor grade. However, because it is an invasive procedure there is a need to explore alternative noninvasive procedures.PurposeTo develop and validate a noncontrast radiomics model for the preoperative prediction of nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NF‐pNET) grade (G).Study TypeRetrospective, single‐center study.SubjectsPatients with pathologically confirmed PNETs (139) were included.Field Strength/Sequence3T/breath‐hold single‐shot fast‐spin echo T2‐weighted sequence and unenhanced and dynamic contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed sequences.AssessmentTumor features on contrast MR images were evaluated by three board‐certified abdominal radiologists.Statistical TestsMultivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the clinical model. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method and linear discriminative analysis (LDA) were used to select the features and to construct a radiomics model. The performance of the models was assessed using the training cohort (97 patients) and the validation cohort (42 patients), and decision curve analysis (DCA) was applied for clinical use.ResultsThe clinical model included 14 imaging features, and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) was 0.769 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.675–0.863) in the training cohort and 0.729 (95% CI, 0.568–0.890) in the validation cohort. The LDA included 14 selected radiomics features that showed good discrimination—in the training cohort (AUC, 0.851; 95% CI, 0.758–0.916) and the validation cohort (AUC, 0.736; 95% CI, 0.518–0.874). In the decision curves, if the threshold probability was 0.17–0.84, using the radiomics score to distinguish NF‐pNET G1 and G2/3, offered more benefit than did the use of a treat‐all‐patients or treat‐none scheme.Data ConclusionThe developed radiomics model using noncontrast MRI could help differentiate G1 and G2/3 tumors, to make the clinical decision, and screen pNETs grade.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1124–1136.
Role of Ultrasonography in Estimating Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic Obesity
Authors: Deniz Olgun , Cruz‐Jentoft Alfonso , Sengul Aycicek Gozde , Unsal Pelin , Esme Mert , Ucar Yelda , Burkuk Suna , Sendur Ayse , Yavuz Burcu Balam , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Halil Meltem 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenic obesity (SO) is the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in an individual. The present study is designed
to define the usefulness of skeletal muscle ultrasonography (US) in the definition of SO.MethodsEighty‐nine participants aged ≥65 whose body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was ≥30 were consecutively enrolled in an outpatient clinic of geriatric medicine. All underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. US measurements were obtained in 6 different muscles consisting of core and limb muscles. We defined SO as the presence of low muscle function (defined by a handgrip strength < 27 kg in males and <16 kg in females) and high BMI (≥30).ResultsThe median age of the participants was 72 (65–85) years; 81% were female, and 35% (n = 31) had SO. Anthropometric parameters that estimate muscle mass were lower in the sarcopenic group, but estimations of muscle mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) did not differ between groups. All US estimations of muscle mass were lower in sarcopenic obese participants, albeit not all significantly. RF muscle cross‐sectional area (RF CSA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness were most strongly correlated with grip strength (r = 0.477 and r = −508, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that the optimum cutoff point of RF CSA for SO was ≤5.22 cm2, with 95.8% sensitivity and 46.7% specificity (area under the curve: 0.686).ConclusionsUS evaluation of muscle mass may be more accurate than BIA‐derived skeletal muscle index assessment for the diagnosis of SO.
Fast screening of carotenoids of gypsum endoliths using portable Raman spectrometer (Messinian gypsum, Sicily)
Authors: Němečková Kateřina , Jehlička Jan , Culka Adam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe tested the potential of a portable Raman spectrometer—RaPort (G) by EnSpectr with a 532‐nm laser for use in field detection of biomarkers of endolithic colonization in gypsum. This study extends our previous research on gypsum endolithic colonies using laboratory Raman microspectrometer (514.5‐ and 785‐nm lasers). In the current study, variously coloured layers were found and screened separately on the outcrop under natural conditions. In the recorded Raman spectra, stretching vibrations of carotenoids were observed—ν1 (C═C) around 1,513 cm−1, and ν2 (C—C) around 1,154 cm−1, as well as the feature at around 1,005 cm−1. The exact identification of different carotenoids by portable Raman spectrometer is limited. Nevertheless, the portable Raman spectrometer allowed fast and in situ detection of carotenoids of variously pigmented gypsum endolithic zones. Application of miniature Raman instruments is important in the context of forthcoming astrobiological missions to Mars (Exomars and Mars 2020).
Effect of high‐pressure processing enzymatic hydrolysates of soy protein isolate on the emulsifying and oxidative stability of myofibrillar protein‐prepared oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Guan Haining , Diao Xiaoqin , Liu Danyi , Han Jianchun , Kong Baohua , Liu Dengyong , Gao Chenzhe , Zhang Lili 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions are thermodynamically unstable and are easily oxidized. Recently, protein hydrolysates have been used to enhance the emulsifying and oxidative stability of emulsions. High‐pressure processing (HPP) enzymatic hydrolysates of soy protein isolate have higher bioactivities. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of various soy protein isolate hydrolysate (SPIH) concentrations obtained during different 4 h pressure treatments on improving the emulsifying and oxidative stability of myofibrillar protein (MP) emulsions.RESULTSEmulsions with 4 mg mL−1 SPIH obtained at 200 MPa had the highest emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability index (P ≤ 0.05). This increase in emulsion stability was related to increased zeta potential and reduced average particle size. Optical microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy observations confirmed that emulsions with 4 mg mL−1 SPIH possessed relatively small oil droplets. The addition of SPIH obtained at 200 MPa significantly reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values (P ≤ 0.05) of emulsions during 8 days of storage. Concurrently, the carbonyl content remained the lowest and the sulfhydryl content remained the highest, which indicated that the emulsions had higher protein oxidative stability.CONCLUSIONSSPIH obtained under HPP could improve the emulsifying and oxidative stability of MP‐prepared O/W emulsions.
Use of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Sonographic Identification of Major Structural Anomalies
Authors: Herrera Christina L. , Byrne John J. , Clark Haley R. , Twickler Diane M. , Dashe Jodi S. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo characterize population‐based use of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) incorporating recent American College of Radiology (ACR)–Society of Perinatal Radiologists (SPR) guidelines about fetal anomalies for which MRI may provide valuable additional information when sonography is limited.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of nonreferred singleton pregnancies that received prenatal care and had prenatal sonographic diagnosis of 1 or more major structural anomalies at our hospital between January 2010 and May 2018. Detailed sonography was performed in all anomaly cases. Fetal anomaly information was obtained from a prospectively maintained database, and medical records were reviewed to determine the rationale for why MRI was or was not performed, according to the indication.ResultsA total of 104,597 singleton pregnancies underwent sonographic assessments of anatomy at our institution during the study period. Major structural anomalies were identified in 1650 (1.6%) of these pregnancies. Potential indications for fetal MRI per ACR‐SPR guidelines were identified in 339 cases. However, fetal MRI was performed in only 253 cases, 15% of those with major anomalies and 75% with a potential indication. Magnetic resonance imaging was not performed in 41 (20%) of identified pregnancies because of an improved prognosis on serial sonography (36), because of a poor prognosis (3), or because it would not alter management (2).ConclusionsFetal MRI was used in 15% of those pregnancies with prenatal diagnosis of a major structural anomaly. This amounted to fewer than 0.3% of singleton deliveries. Judicious application of ACR‐SPR guidelines in the context of serial sonography results in a relatively small number of fetal MRI examinations in a nonreferred population.
Light fluctuations are key in modulating plankton trophic dynamics and their impact on primary production
Authors: Morison Françoise , Franzè Gayantonia , Harvey Elizabeth , Menden‐Deuer Susanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSurface‐ocean mixing creates dynamic light environments with predictable effects on phytoplankton growth but unknown consequences for predation. We investigated how variations in average mixed‐layer (ML) irradiance shaped plankton trophic dynamics by incubating a Northwest‐Atlantic plankton community for 4 days at high (H) and low (L) light, followed by exposure to either sustained or reversed light intensities. In deep‐ML (sustained L), phytoplankton biomass declined (μ = −0.2 ± 0.08 d−1) and grazing was absent. In shallow‐ML (sustained H), growth exceeded grazing (μ = 0.46 ± 0.07 d−1; g = 0.32 ± 0.04 d−1). In rapidly changing ML‐conditions simulated by switching light‐availability, growth and grazing responded on different timescales. During rapid ML‐shoaling (L to H), μ immediately increased (0.23 ± 0.01 d−1) with no change in grazing. During rapid ML‐deepening (H to L), μ immediately decreased (0.02 ± 0.09 d−1), whereas grazing remained high (g = 0.38 ± 0.05 d−1). Predictable rate responses of phytoplankton growth (rapid) vs. grazing (delayed) to measurable light variability can provide insights into predator‐prey processes and their effects on spatio‐temporal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass.
Compact four‐way quasi‐rectangular cavity power combiner with high isolation and high power‐combining efficiency
Authors: Song Kaijun , Chen Yuxuan , Xue Liyuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA compact four‐way quasi‐rectangular cavity power combiner with high isolation and high power‐combining efficiency is presented. The quasi‐rectangular cavity is employed to realize both impedance transformation and mode conversion. The isolation circuit based on microstrip line technique is utilized to realize high isolation. Besides, a T‐junction is established as a transition from coaxial to microstrip to realize the energy transmission between the cavity and the isolation circuit. The presented power combiner is designed, fabricated, and measured. The actual assembled device is 0.74λ × 0.74λ × 0.28λ (λ is waveguide wavelength). The measured results show the return loss of the power‐combining port is greater than 20 dB from 7.84 to 10.88 GHz (36% fractional bandwidth). The measured insertion loss is about 0.4 dB, and the power‐combining efficiency is about 90%. The measured isolation of adjacent and opposite ports is greater than 20 dB in operating frequency band.
Personal perspectives: Infant pain—A multidisciplinary journey
Authors: Grunau Ruth Eckstein 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding of infant pain has been transformed in the past 30 years. From assumptions that newborns were insensitive to pain, fundamental work established not only the infants perceive pain, but also there are critical windows in which pain can have long‐lasting consequences. My multidisciplinary work revealed that repetitive pain exposure during the late 2nd and 3rd trimesters of fetal life “ex‐utero” in infants born very preterm is related to long‐term adverse associations with altered brain development, programming of stress systems, and thereby neurodevelopment. Here, influences will be described, discovery research summarized, and evidence of biological pathways proposed.
O‐Plane Backreaction and Scale Separation in Type IIA Flux Vacua
Authors: Junghans Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe construct AdS4 flux vacua of type IIA string theory in the supergravity (large volume, small ) regime, including the backreaction of O6‐planes. Our solutions are the localized versions of the smeared solutions on Calabi‐Yau orientifolds studied by DeWolfe, Giryavets, Kachru and Taylor and in other works. We find that the O‐plane backreaction in these solutions generates warping, a varying dilaton, non‐closed RR field strengths and internal curvature. Just like their smeared counterparts, the localized solutions admit stabilized moduli, a parametric control over string corrections and a parametric separation between the AdS and KK scales. Our explicit expressions furthermore make precise the common lore that smeared solutions should approximate the exact ones in the large‐volume, small‐ limit. Finally, our solutions appear to violate a recent swampland conjecture about an absence of scale separation in supersymmetric AdS vacua. We make a simple observation explaining why this happens in these solutions in contrast to most other AdS solutions in string theory.
A weather system perspective on winter–spring rainfall variability in southeastern Australia during El Niño
Authors: Hauser Seraphine , Grams Christian M. , Reeder Michael J. , McGregor Shayne , Fink Andreas H. , Quinting Julian F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe El Niño phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is typically associated with below‐average cool‐season rainfall in southeastern Australia (SEA). However, there is also large case‐to‐case variability on monthly time‐scales. Despite recent progress in understanding the links between remote climate drivers and this variability, the underlying dynamical processes are not fully understood. This reanalysis‐based study aims to advance the dynamical understanding by quantifying the contribution of midlatitude weather systems to monthly precipitation anomalies over SEA during the austral winter–spring season. A k‐means clustering reveals four rainfall anomaly patterns with above‐average rainfall (Cluster 1), below‐average rainfall (Cluster 2), above‐average rainfall along the East Coast (Cluster 3) and along the South Coast (Cluster 4). Cluster 2 occurs most frequently during El Niño, which highlights the general suppression of SEA rainfall during these events. However, the remaining three clusters with local above‐average rainfall are found in ∼52% of all El Niño months. Changes of weather system frequency determine the respective rainfall anomaly pattern. Results indicate significantly more cut‐off lows and warm conveyor belts (WCBs) over SEA in El Niño Cluster 1 and significantly fewer in El Niño Cluster 2. In El Niño Cluster 3, enhanced blocking south of Australia favours cut‐off lows leading to increased rainfall along the East Coast. Positive rainfall anomalies along the South Coast in El Niño Cluster 4 are associated with frontal rainfall due to an equatorward shift of the midlatitude storm track. Most of the rainfall is produced by WCBs and cut‐off lows but the contributions strongly vary between the clusters. In all clusters, rainfall anomalies result from changes in rainfall frequency more than in rainfall intensity. Backward trajectories of WCB and cut‐off low rainfall highlight the importance of moist air masses from the Coral Sea and the northwest coast of Australia during wet months.
Process‐based assessment of success and failure in a constructed riffle‐pool river restoration project
Authors: Papangelakis Elli , MacVicar Bruce 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough there is increasing consensus that river restoration should focus on restoring processes rather than form, proven techniques to design and monitor projects for sediment transport processes are lacking. This study monitors bedload transport and channel morphology in a rural, an urban unrestored, and an urban restored reach. Objectives are to compare bedload transport regimes, assess the stability and self‐maintenance of constructed riffle‐pool sequences, and evaluate the impact of the project on coarse sediment continuity in the creek. Sediment tracking is done using radio frequency identification tracers and morphologic change is assessed from repeated cross‐section surveys. Mean annual velocity is used to quantify the average downstream velocity of tracers, defined as the mean overall tracer travel length divided by the total study duration. The channel reconstruction slows down the downstream velocity of particles in the D75 and D90 size classes, but does not significantly change the velocity of particles in the D50 size class or smaller. Surveys show that riffle features remain stable and that pool depths are maintained or deepened, while tracer paths match with what has been observed in natural riffle‐pools. However, the slowdown of coarse sediment and increase in channel slope may lead to future failures related to over‐steepening of the banks and a disruption in the continuity of sediment transport in the creek. This study demonstrates how bedload tracking and morphological surveys can be used to assess river restoration projects, and highlights the importance of incorporating coarse sediment connectivity into restoration design and monitoring.
The male body politic: Straight strippers, gay spaces, and queer masculinities
Authors: Laguna Maqueda Oscar E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudies of women and gender relations promoted by feminist movements have had a steady progress, which has allowed recognizing many of the phenomena, characteristics and experiences of women, while studies of men have been late and narrowly limited themselves to studies on violence as a characteristic of masculinity. However, it is essential to recognize how masculinities are constructed, and explore their changes and the social mechanisms that give them continuity. It is necessary to examine them, map them, recognize their diversity and identify the practices that favor both their continuity and as their change. Recognizing different forms used to materialize them, reproduce them and inscribe them performatively in the bodies of men will allow us to point out those guidelines that support the success of public policies that promote equality between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the eradication of gender violence. In an effort to learn about an example of diverse masculinities, I conducted postdoctoral research among heterosexual men who strip for other men (strippers), I wanted to know how masculinities conform in environments that favor the overturning of patriarchal practices and that contravene heteronormativity.
Synergistic Effects of Amine‐Containing Antioxidants on the Aging Performances of Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber
Authors: Li Jianxi , Zhou Cheng , Cao Dan , Liu Hanzhou 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, two types of amine‐containing antioxidants composed of 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole zinc (MBZ) and 4,4′‐bis(α, α‐dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine (445) were used to improve the thermo‐oxidative aging resistance of ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). The synergistic effects on the performances of EPDM and the corresponding aging mechanism were investigated by FTIR, tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rotary rheometer and other equipment. The results showed that the hardness increased gradually with the increasing aging time regardless of the type of antioxidants. Compared with the EPDM without antioxidants, the elongation retention of those samples with MBZ or 445 improved obviously. Additionally, the sample with the MBZ/445 complex showed the highest retention values at the same aging time. The antioxidative mechanisms were further analyzed by carbonyl index, activation energy and oxidation induction time, respectively. Results indicated that the degree of oxidation of EPDM using the MBZ/445 complex was much lower than other control systems during the aging process. As a result, the MBZ/445 complex was a favorable antioxidative additive for EPDM.