bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of the Oral Health Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (OHBQAHBM)
Authors: Xiang Bilu , Wong Hai Ming , Cao Wangnan , Perfecto Antonio P. , McGrath Colman P.J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Oral health belief is a prerequisite of changing oral health behaviors especially during adolescence. However, there is a paucity of well-established questionnaire for use among adolescents. This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate adolescents’ beliefs about oral health behaviors using health belief model.Methods A preliminary 43-item questionnaire was developed by an expert panel. Then the questionnaire was finalized by decreasing the number of items to 35 by analyzing the results from face validity and factor analysis from 421 Hong Kong secondary school students. The content validity were evaluated by a panel of 2 behavioral scientists, 2 dentists, 2 schoolteachers and 10 adolescents. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed by performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, item-total correlation and intraclass coefficient were used to test its reliability. In addition, to confirm its applicability, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used to evaluate the possibility of HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors and oral hygiene status.Results The initial analysis extracted six factors that jointly accounted for 62.47% of the variance observed. Based on CFA, the final version of the questionnaire consisted of 35 items and the data of the final version fitted the model well. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the subscale (>0.7), item-total correlations (0.47-0.91) and the intraclass coefficient (0.82-0.91) were all above acceptable thresholds. The results of multiple regression analysis and path analysis confirmed its ability to predict oral health behaviors and status.Conclusions The present findings indicate satisfactory validity, reliability and applicability of the proposed Oral Health Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (OHBQAHBM) for measuring oral health beliefs of adolescents. This questionnaire can be used as an instrument to measure oral health beliefs and predict oral health behavior and oral hygiene status of adolescents.
Updating the neural network sediment load models using different sensitivity analysis methods: a regional application
Authors: Asheghi Reza , Hosseini Seyed Abbas , Saneie Mojtaba , Shahri Abbas Abbaszadeh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe amount of transported sediment load by streams is a vital but high nonlinear dynamic process in water resources management. In the current paper, two optimum predictive models subjected to artificial neural network (ANN) were developed. The employed inputs were then prioritized using diverse sensitivity analysis (SA) methods to address new updated but more efficient ANN structures. The models were found through the 263 processed datasets of three rivers in Idaho, USA using nine different measured flow and sediment variables (e.g., channel geometry, geomorphology, hydraulic) for a period of 11 years. The used parameters were selected based on the prior knowledge of the conventional analyses in which the effect of suspended load on bed load was also investigated. Analyzed accuracy performances using different criteria exhibited improved predictability in updated models which can lead to an advanced understanding of used parameters. Despite different SA methods being employed in evaluating model parameters, almost similar results were observed and then verified using relevant sensitivity indices. It was demonstrated that the ranked parameters using SA due to covering more uncertainties can be more reliable. Evaluated models using sensitivity indices showed that contribution of suspended load on predicted bed load is not significant.
Challenges with Wound Infection Models in Drug Development
Authors: Shukla Sandeep K. , Sharma Ajay K. , Gupta Vanya , Kalonia Aman , Shaw Priyanka 
Published: March 2020

:
Wound research is an evolving science trying to unfold the complex untold mechanisms
behind the wound healing cascade. In particular, interest is growing regarding the role of microorganisms
in both acute and chronic wound healing. Microbial burden plays an important role in the persistence
of chronic wounds, ultimately resulting in delayed wound healing. It is therefore important for
clinicians to understand the evolution of infection science and its various etiologies. Therefore, to understand
the role of bacterial biofilm in chronic wound pathogenesis, various in vitro and in vivo models
are required to investigate biofilms in wound-like settings. Infection models should be refined
comprising an important signet of biofilms. These models are eminent for translational research to obtain
data for designing an improved wound care formulation. However, all the existing models possess
limitations and do not fit properly in the model frame for developing wound care agents. Among various
impediments, one of the major drawbacks of such models is that the wound they possess does not
mimic the wound a human develops. Therefore, a novel wound infection model is required which can
imitate the human wounds.

:
This review article mainly discusses various in vitro and in vivo models showing microbial colonization,
their advantages and challenges. Apart from these models, there are also present ex vivo wound
infection models, but this review mainly focused on various in vitro and in vivo models available for
studying wound infection in controlled conditions. This information might be useful in designing an
ideal wound infection model for developing an effective wound healing formulation.
Using Gold Nanoparticles for Ultra-trace Spectrophotometric Determination of Sitagliptin Drug in Various Real Samples
Authors: Moradi Maryam , Sohrabi Mahmoud Reza , Mortazavinik Saeid 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The determination of trace drugs in aquatic environments is important. For
this purpose, many methods such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and gas
chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have been used.

Objective:
This study introduces a simple, sensitive, and rapid colorimetric method for the spectrophotometric
determination of sitagliptin (STG) in drinking water, tablet, human plasma, and human
urine using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

Methods:
The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) property of AuNPs and the interaction between
STG and AuNPs are the base of the colorimetric method. The addition of STG into AuNPs led to the
aggregation of AuNPs. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) proved the aggregation of AuNPs
in the presence of STG. Also, the size of the nanoparticles distribution was evaluated by Dynamic
Light Scattering (DLS). In addition, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) was used
to study the chemical structure of AuNPs, STG, and AuNPs in the presence of STG.

Results:
The parameters that affect the absorbance such as pH, type and volume of buffer, AuNPs
concentration, interaction time, ionic strength, and interfering ions were investigated and optimized.
Under the optimum conditions, the determination of STG was performed via this method over the
range of 50-300 μgL-1 (R2=0.9941) with the Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification
(LOQ) of 1.23 and 1.39 μgL-1, respectively.

Conclusion:
Eventually, the results showed that the proposed method has a high potential for simple,
rapid, sensitive, and accurate determination of STG.
Comparison of the Effects of Dexamethasone and Ondansetron on the Reduction of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting following Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Nejadi Jahanbakhsh R. , Shamseh Mahnaz , Ronasi Nooshin , Birjandi Mehdi , Karimi Arash 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is a common complication
associated with the use of anesthesia. Several antiemetics are used to reduce the incidence and severity
of PONV. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of dexamethasone and ondansetron
to treat PONV in patients undergoing cesarean section (c-section) under spinal anesthesia.

Methods:
This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on patients who were referred to
Haji Karim Asali Hospital of Khorramabad for elective cesarean section in 2016-17. Upon meeting
the inclusion criteria, patients were allotted into two groups (n=60). Group A received 8mg of dexamethasone
and group B received 4mg of ondansetron after spinal anesthesia. The Visual Analog
Scale (VAS) questionnaire and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire were used
for the analysis. Patients with mild to moderate stress, anxiety, and depression were included in the
study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software.

Results:
There was no difference in the demographic data of the two groups. The mean severity of
nausea in group A was significantly higher than in group B. The odd ration of PONV was 20.67,
which was found to be statistically significant, p = 0.018. Concerning the type of delivery with the
frequency of nausea, the results showed that the frequency of nausea in group A was 3.24 times
higher than group B, however, this difference was not statistically significant, p = 0.106.

Conclusion:
Based on the results of this study, ondansetron had a significant effect on the alleviation
of postoperative nausea and vomiting, as compared to dexamethasone in C-section surgical
candidates.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Novel 7-O- and 14-O-Derivatives of Glaucocalyxin A
Authors: Liu Hong-Chuan , Qiao Li-Ming , Zheng Wei , Xiang Zhao-Bao , Chen Hai-Sheng , Yu Shi-Chong , Zhang Da-Zhi , Wang Ting , Zhang Yue-Fan , Jin Yong-Sheng 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Rabdosia japonica has been historically used in China as a popular folk medicine for
the treatment of cancer, hepatitis, and gastricism. Glaucocalyxin A (GLA), an ent-kaurene diterpene isolated
from Rabdosia japonica, is one of the main active ingredients showing potent inhibitory effects against several
types of tumor cells. To the best of our knowledge, studies regarding the structural modification and Structure-
Activity Relations (SAR) of this compound have not yet been reported.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to discover more potent derivatives of GLA and investigate their SAR and
cytotoxicity mechanisms.

Methods:
Novel 7-O- and 14-O-derivatives of GLA were synthesized by condensation of acids or acyl chloride.
The anti-tumor activities of these derivatives against various human cancer cell lines were evaluated in vitro by
MTT assays. Apoptosis assays of compound 17 (7,14-diacylation product) were performed on A549 and HL-60
cells by flow cytometry and TUNNEL. The acute toxicity of this compound was tested on mice, at the dose of
300mg per kg body weight.

Results:
Seventeen novel 7-O- and 14-O-derivatives of GLA (1-17) were synthesized. These compounds
showed potent cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines, and almost all of them were found to be more
cytotoxic than GLA and oridonin. Of the synthesized derivatives, compound 17 presented the greatest cytotoxicity,
with IC50 values of 0.26μM and 1.10μM in HL-60 and CCRF-CEM cells, respectively. Furthermore, this
compound induced weak apoptosis of A549 cells but showed great potential in stimulating the apoptosis of HL-
60 cells. Acute toxicity assays indicated that compound 17 is relatively safer.

Conclusion:
The results reported herein indicate that the synthesized GLA derivatives exhibited greater cytotoxicity
against leukemia cells than against other types of tumors. In particular, 7,14-diacylation product of GLA was
found to be an effective anti-tumor agent. However, the cytotoxicity mechanism of this product in A549 cells is
expected to be different than that in other tumor cell lines. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Clinical Effectiveness of a High Dose Versus the Standard Dose of Meropenem in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Caused by Multidrugresistant Bacteria: A Randomized, Single-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Monajati Mahila , Ala Shahram , Aliyali Masoud , Ghasemian Roya , Heidari Fatemeh , Ahanjan Mohammad , Moradi Siavash , Sharifpour Ali , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba , Salehifar Ebrahim 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Meropenem standard doses are based on the minimum inhibitory concentration
of sensitive pathogens and the pharmacokinetic parameter of not critically ill patients. We
compared the efficacy of high versus standard dose of meropenem in ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP).

Methods:
24 out of 34 eligible patients were randomized to receive meropenem 3 g q8h (high dose
group, 11 patients) or 2 g q8h (standard-dose group, 13 patients) as a 3h infusion. The primary outcome
was considered as clinical success that was defined as stable hemodynamic, improved sequential
organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, stable or improved PaO2/FiO2 after 7 days. Sputum
culture was taken before the intervention.

Results:
Clinical success rate was not significantly different between the high and standard-dose
group (54.5% vs. 38.5%, P= 0.431). There was a significant difference in the reduction of clinical
pulmonary infection score (CPIS) compared to a high dose to the standard group (P=0.038). SOFA
score declined significantly in the high dose group throughout the study (P=0.006). A shorter duration
of VAP treatment was recorded in the high dose group (P=0.061). We did not observe any significant
adverse event related to meropenem. Acinetobacter spp. (34.8%), Klebsiella spp. (32.6%)
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.5%) isolated more frequently from sputum cultures.

Conclusion:
Treatment with the high dose of meropenem seems to be safe. However, it did not provide
a significantly higher clinical success rate in comparison with the standard dose, but could be
considered as an appropriate empirical treatment in patients with severe infection due to reduction
in SOFA and CPIS.
The trial protocol was registered with IRCT.ir (registration number IRCT2010010700 3014N19 in
April 2018).
Utilization of Plant Derived Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Malviya Rishabha 
Published: March 2020

Aim:
The aim of the manuscript is to summarize various biomedical applications of metallic
nanoparticles that are synthesized using herbal components.

Methodology:
Various search engines such as google, sciencedirect, scopusetc were utilized for the literature survey. The literature survey was focused on the different parts of plants like leaves, stem, root, fruit and flowers as a source of therapeutic active component and their utilization in the preparation of metallic nanoparticles. Manuscript also described in depth information about the different activities of synthesized nanoparticles. It was concluded from the literature surveys that, a plant extract used in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles was cheaper than the synthetic chemicals and less toxic to the environment.

Results and Conclusion:
The plant extract used in the synthesis is herbal in nature. It does not cause any environmental hazards. Instead of synthetic chemicals, the plant extracts which are used in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, acts as capping, reducing and stabilizing agent during the synthesis. It was also observed that plant-based metallic nanoparticles were more stable, the synthesis rate was faster as compared to chemical processes and can be easily obtained in different shapes and sizes.
Isolation, Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Aeromonas hydrophila from Spoiled Vegetables and Biochemical Analysis of Estuarine Microbial Sediments
Authors: Swathi Kumar , Ramachandhiran Duraisamy , Murali Raju , Vinothkumar Veerasamy 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative
anaerobic, non-spore forming bacteria that are autochthonous and widely dispersed in marine environments.
The study aims at investigating the screening of Aeromonas hydrophila from spoiled vegetables
and the sediment sample collected from three different estuaries located in the Bay of Bengal
(Vedharanyam, Parangipettai and Pichavaram, Tamilnadu, India) for the presence of enzymes and
antimicrobial activities.

Objective:
Isolation, enzyme screening, antimicrobial activity of Aeromonas hydrophila from spoiled
vegetables and three different estuarine microbial sediment samples for the purpose of biochemical and
enzymatic analysis.

Methods:
The bioactive compound produced by this strain was purified by using thin-layer chromatography.

Results:
The purified isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila strain produces good antimicrobial activity
against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and pseudomonas species.

Conclusion:
These isolates producing amylase, protease, lipase, and gelatinase enzymes, which are
commercially very important and used in many industries and other biochemical sectors.
ANCAMAN TERHADAP DASAR NEGARA “PANCASILA” BAGI RAKYAT INDONESIA DALAM BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA
Authors: Santosa Heru 
Published: February 2020

Bangsa Indonesia yang setengah – setengah melaksanakan dasar Negara Pancasila sekarang ini banyak kendala – kendala yang timbul. Dari situ pertama tentang kehidupan keagamaan banyak terjadi gesekan – gesekan keyakinan di dalam masyarakat sehingga timbul anarki atau bertindak hakim sendiri. Demikian juga sila kedua tentang kemanusiaan sudah mulai hilang rasa kemanusiaannya. Persatuanpun sudah mulai memudar dan demokrasi juga hanya kelihatan semu karena hanya memikirkan kepentingannya sendiri sehingga timbul rasa keadilan yang tidak merata. Maka dengan demikian bangsa Indonesia sudah selayaknya kembali dengan dasar Negara Indonesia Pancasila secara lahir batin dalam melaksanakannya, baik dari segi dasar Negara sebagai segala sumber hukum atau sebagai Pandangan hidup Bangsa. Untuk mengejawantahkan kesejahteraan bangsa Indonesia dengan mendanai lembaga –lembaga riset yang dapat di harapkan hasil produksinya untuk kesejahteraan bangsa Indonesia sehingga mengurangi ketergantungannya produk- produk dari luar. Satu kata kunci : mandiri.
KAJIAN KONSTITUSI INDONESIA DARI AWAL KEMERDEKAAN SAMPAI ERA REFORMASI
Authors: Sartono Kus Eddy 
Published: February 2020

Sejarah konstitusi Indonesia dapat dikatakan telah melewati berbagai tahap perkembangan. Tiap tahap memunculkan model ketatanegaraan yang khas, sampai karena trauma masa lalu terutama akibat praktik politik Orde Baru yang menyalahgunakan konstitusi untuk tujuan kekuasaannya yang sentralistik dan otoriter, memunculkan ide untuk mengamandemen UUD 1945. Tahap perkembangan konstitusi di Indonesia dapat dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa periode. Periode pertama berlaku UUD 1945, periode kedua berlaku Konstitusi RIS 1949, periode ketiga berlaku UUDS 1950, Periode keempat berlaku kembali UUD 1945 beserta Penjelasannya. Setelah itu UUD 1945 diubah berturut-turut pada tahun 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 dengan menggunakan naskah yang berlaku mulai 5 Juli 1959 sebagai standar dalam melakukan perubahan di luar teks yang kemudian dijadikan lampiran yang tak terpisahkan dari naskah UUD 1945. Mengamandemen konstitusi (undang-undang dasar) jelas bukan urusan sederhana. Sebab undang-undang dasar merupakan desain utama negara untuk mengatur berbagai hal fundamental dan strategis, dari soal struktur kekuasaan dan hubungan antar kekuasaan organ negara sampai hak asasi manusia. Proses amandemen UUD 1945 terjadi secara bertahap selama empat kali. Ada berbagai kekurangan dalam empat tahap amandemen tersebut yang mendapat sorotan tajam di antara para pengamat, yang memunculkan ide perlunya dibentuk Komisi Konstitusi yang akan membantu melakukan koreksi dan mengatasi kekurangan-kekurangan itu untuk amandemen mendatang.
UNGKAPAN-UNGKAPAN JAWA TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: Bengat - , Sulanjari Bambang , - Sunarya 
Published: February 2020

Krisis moral di Republik Indonesia saat ini mencapai level yang mengkhawatirkan. Kehidupan seakan lepas dari etika dan karakter. Padahal etika pembentuk karakter atau ajaran budi pekerti tersebut banyak yang ditulis dalam buku-buku ajaran moral. Selain secara konkret ditulis pada buku-buku ajaran budi pekerti, pesan moral tersebut banyak direkam dalam ungkapan-ungkapan Jawa tradisional, antara lain pada paribasan (peribahasa Jawa), bebasan (pepatah Jawa), saloka (seloka Jawa), pepindhan (perumpamaan Jawa), dan isbat (filosofi Jawa). Ungkapan-ungkapan Jawa tradisional selain mengandung nilai karakter, ditulis dengan bahasa indah yang sangat estetis, ada pula yang tidak tertulis, tidak terdapat pada buku-buku sastra. Ajaran-ajaran yang sekan tenggelam tersebut harus direvitalisasi. Itulah sebabnya studi ini dilakukan. Penggalian data dilakukan secara menyeluruh baik secara media ekspresinya maupun secara wilayah. Data dikumpulkan dari daerah kantong-kantong budaya serta buku-buku yang tersisa dari peninggalan masa lampau. Metode deskriptif analisis selanjutnya diterapkan untuk mengurai, menelaah dan menjelaskan makna data, sehingga didapat hasil akhir berupa deskripsi aspek intrinsik dan ekstrinsik dari ungkapan-ungkapan tradisional Jawa.Secara intrinsik, keindahan yang terkandung di dalamnya bersifat unik seperti purwakanthi (persajakan), sandi asma (nama samaran), sengkalan atau sengkala sastra (perhitungan tahun didasarkan nilai kata), dan lain sebagainya. Secara ekstrinsik, ungkapan-ungkapan Jawa tradisional itu ada yang bersifat positif, langsung sebagai contoh perbuatan baik, dan ada pula yang bersifat negatif, berupa contoh tidak baik atau contoh buruk, jahat, yang harus dicari dahulu makna positifnya. Kata kunci: ungkapan tradisional; karakter; budi pekertiAbstractIndonesia has an increasing mental crisis. There are no ethic and character anymore although ethic and character building are written in many ancient books. The ethic and character building also can be found at Javanese traditional folklore; paribasan (Javanese proverb), bebasan (Javanese aphorism), saloka (Javanese poem), pepindhan (Javanese parable), dan isbat (Javanese philosophy). Javanese traditional idioms do not only have great values but also written in a beautiful language and they are aesthetically created. This study aims to describe the Javanese traditional idioms. The data were collected based on the media and also the area of expression. They were collected from regions that become center of culture and from the ancient books. The data were analysed descriptively to describe the data and get the intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the Javanese traditional idiom. In terms of intrinsic elements, the beauty in the idiom is unique, like purwakanthi, sandi asma, and sengkalan. In terms of extrinsic elements, the Javanese idioms have positive character and negative character.Keywords: Javanese idiom, character building