bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mobile device app to reduce prehospital medication errors and time to drug preparation and delivery by emergency medical services during simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: study protocol of a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Siebert Johan N. , Bloudeau Laurie , Ehrler Frédéric , Combescure Christophe , Haddad Kevin , Hugon Florence , Suppan Laurent , Rodieux Frédérique , Lovis Christian , Gervaix Alain , Manzano Sergio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEmergency drug preparation and administration in children is both complex and time-consuming and places this population at a higher risk than adults for medication errors. Moreover, survival and a favorable neurological outcome from cardiopulmonary resuscitation are inversely correlated to drug preparation time. We developed a mobile device application (the pediatric Accurate Medication IN Emergency Situations (PedAMINES) app) as a step-by-step guide for the preparation to delivery of drugs requiring intravenous injection. In a previous multicenter randomized trial, we reported the ability of this app to significantly reduce in-hospital continuous infusion medication error rates and drug preparation time compared to conventional preparation methods during simulation-based pediatric resuscitations. This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this app during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods/designWe will conduct a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial to compare the PedAMINES app with conventional calculation methods for the preparation of direct intravenously administered emergency medications during standardized, simulation-based, pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest scenarios using a high-fidelity manikin. One hundred and twenty paramedics will be randomized (1:1) in several emergency medical services located in different regions of Switzerland. Each paramedic will be asked to prepare, sequentially, four intravenously administered emergency medications using either the app or conventional methods. The primary endpoint is the medication error rates. Enrollment will start in mid-2019 and data analysis in late 2019. We anticipate that the intervention will be completed in early 2020 and study results will be submitted in late 2020 for publication (expected in early 2021).DiscussionThis clinical trial will assess the impact of an evidence-based mobile device app to reduce the rate of medication errors, time to drug preparation and time to drug delivery during prehospital pediatric resuscitation. As research in this area is scarce, the results generated from this study will be of great importance and may be sufficient to change and improve prehospital pediatric emergency care practice.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, ID:NCT03921346. Registered on 18 April 2019.
Common metabolic networks contribute to carbon sink strength of sorghum internodes: implications for bioenergy improvement
Authors: Li Yin , Tu Min , Feng Yaping , Wang Wenqin , Messing Joachim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSorghum bicolor(L.) is an important bioenergy source. The stems of sweet sorghum function as carbon sinks and accumulate large amounts of sugars and lignocellulosic biomass and considerable amounts of starch, therefore providing a model of carbon allocation and accumulation for other bioenergy crops. While omics data sets for sugar accumulation have been reported in different genotypes, the common features of primary metabolism in sweet genotypes remain unclear. To obtain a cohesive and comparative picture of carbohydrate metabolism between sorghum genotypes, we compared the phenotypes and transcriptome dynamics of sugar-accumulating internodes among three different sweet genotypes (Della, Rio, and SIL-05) and two non-sweet genotypes (BTx406 and R9188).ResultsField experiments showed that Della and Rio had similar dynamics and internode patterns of sugar concentration, albeit distinct other phenotypes. Interestingly, cellulose synthases for primary cell wall and key genes in starch synthesis and degradation were coordinately upregulated in sweet genotypes. Sweet sorghums maintained active monolignol biosynthesis compared to the non-sweet genotypes. Comparative RNA-seq results support the role of candidateTonoplast Sugar Transportergene (TST), but not theSugars Will Eventually be Exported Transportergenes (SWEETs) in the different sugar accumulations between sweet and non-sweet genotypes.ConclusionsComparisons of the expression dynamics of carbon metabolic genes across the RNA-seq data sets identify several candidate genes with contrasting expression patterns between sweet and non-sweet sorghum lines, including genes required for cellulose and monolignol synthesis (CesA,PTAL,andCCR), starch metabolism (AGPase,SS,SBE,and G6P-translocatorSbGPT2), and sucrose metabolism and transport (TPPandTST2). The common transcriptome features of primary metabolism identified here suggest the metabolic networks contributing to carbon sink strength in sorghum internodes, prioritize the candidate genes for manipulating carbon allocation with bioenergy purposes, and provide a comparative and cohesive picture of the complexity of carbon sink strength in sorghum stem.
Genetic resistance and specificity in sister taxa of Daphnia: insights from the range of host susceptibilities
Authors: Orlansky Sigal , Ben-Ami Frida 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHost genetic diversity can affect various aspects of host-parasite interactions, including individual-level effects on parasite infectivity, production of transmission stages and virulence, as well as population-level effects that reduce disease spread and prevalence, and buffer against widespread epidemics. However, a key aspect of this diversity, the genetic variation in host susceptibility, has often been neglected in interpreting empirical data and in theoretical studies.Daphnia similisnaturally coexists with its competitorDaphnia magnaand is more resistant to the endoparasitic microsporidiumHamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis, as suggested by a previous survey of waterbodies, which detected this parasite inD. magna, but not inD. similis. However, under laboratory conditionsD. similiswas sometimes found to be susceptible. We therefore asked if there is genetic variation for disease trait expression, and if the genetic variation in disease traits inD. similisis different from that ofD. magna.MethodsWe exposed ten clones ofD. similisand ten clones ofD. magnato three isolates ofH. tvaerminnensis, and measured infection rates, parasite-induced host mortality and parasite spore production.ResultsThe twoDaphniaspecies differ in the range and variation of their susceptibilities. The parasite produced on average two-fold more spores when growing inD. magnaclones than inD. similisclones.ConclusionsWe confirm thatD. similisis indeed much more resistant thanD. magnaand suggest that this could create a dilution effect in habitats where both species coexist.
Noninvasive imaging diagnosis of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome: a pictorial review
Authors: Zhang Yun , Yan Yuling , Song Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a rare liver disorder due to hepatic vascular injury. Its rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for patient survival. SOS is often established clinically, based on Baltimore, modified Seattle, or European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) criteria. Unfortunately, such criteria are not highly specificity and fail to provide a timely, reliable differential diagnosis. The use of noninvasive imaging techniques, such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), has recently grown in this setting, some key imaging features offering diagnostic improvement. This review provides a synopsis of current noninvasive imaging techniques used for this purpose, summarizing accurate and reliable diagnostic features of SOS.
Treatment with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells exerts anti-diabetic effects, improves long-term complications, and attenuates inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Yu Songyan , Cheng Yu , Zhang Linxi , Yin Yaqi , Xue Jing , Li Bing , Gong Zhengyuan , Gao Jieqing , Mu Yiming 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Long-term diabetes-associated complications are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes. These diabetic complications are closely linked to immune system activation along with chronic, non-resolving inflammation, but therapies to directly reverse these complications are still not available. Our previous study demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuated chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), resulting in improved insulin sensitivity and islet function. Therefore, we speculated that MSCs might exert anti-inflammatory effects and promote the reversal of diabetes-induced kidney, liver, lung, heart, and lens diseases in T2DM rats.

Methods
We induced a long-term T2DM complication rat model by using a combination of a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 32 weeks. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were systemically administered once a week for 24 weeks. Then, we investigated the role of ADSCs in modulating the progress of long-term diabetic complications.

Results
Multiple infusions of ADSCs attenuated chronic kidney disease (CKD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), lung fibrosis, and cataracts; improved cardiac function; and lowered serum lipid levels in T2DM rats. Moreover, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum of each animal group revealed that ADSC infusions were able to not only inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression but also increase anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 systematically. Additionally, MSCs reduced the number of iNOS(+) M1 macrophages and restored the number of CD163(+) M2 macrophages.

Conclusions
Multiple intravenous infusions of ADSCs produced significant protective effects against long-term T2DM complications by alleviating inflammation and promoting tissue repair. The present study suggests ADSCs may be a novel, alternative cell therapy for long-term diabetic complications.
A simulation method of three-dimensional cloud over WRF big data
Authors: Xie Yonghua , Kou Xiaoyong , Li Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNowadays, due to the expansion of people’s living ranges and the impact of human life on the natural environment, climate changes fiercely than before. In order to observe the changing climate environment accurately, multi-modal sensors are used to collect the various data around us, and we could analyze and predict the weather based on these collected data. One of the applications is 3D visualization simulation, and the 3D visualization simulation of cloud data has always been the research hotspot in the field of computer graphics and meteorology. Currently, it is a key challenge to resolve the problems of 3D cloud simulation, such as reducing complexity of modeling and computation and improving the real-time performance. Technically, a method for data modeling and optimizing based on Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) is proposed in this paper, aiming to solve the problems of the existing 3D cloud simulation and realize 3D virtual simulation of real-world cloud data. According to the characteristics (e.g., color, size, shape) of the cloud, the spherical particle system is designed to model, and the initial color, size, shape, and other attributes are given to these spherical particles to realize the modeling of WRF cloud data. From the perspective of new particles’ generation, the level of detail (LOD) technique, based on the relationship between the quantity of new generated spherical particles and the distance of the viewpoint, is used to change the quantity of new particles generated in real time according to the distance of the simulated scene distance. Finally, illumination model is introduced to render and simulate the modeling particles. Experimental simulation results verify the effectiveness of this method in improving the modeling and rendering speed of cloud data as well as the fidelity of the 3D virtualization model.
Existence and Ulam stability for implicit fractional q-difference equations
Authors: Abbas Saïd , Benchohra Mouffak , Laledj Nadjet , Zhou Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with some existence, uniqueness and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability results for a class of implicit fractional q-difference equations. Some applications are made of some fixed point theorems in Banach spaces for the existence and uniqueness of solutions, next we prove that our problem is generalized Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stable. Two illustrative examples are given in the last section.
Environmental determinants of distribution of freshwater snails and trematode infection in the Omo Gibe River Basin, southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mereta Seid Tiku , Bedewi Jemal , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Mandefro Belayhun , Abdie Yihun , Tegegne Dechassa , Birke Wondwosen , Mulat Worku Legesse , Kloos Helmut 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Determination of infection rates of snail populations is one of the basic tools for epidemiological studies of snail borne diseases. In this study, we opted to determine the trematode infection of freshwater snails in the Omo-Gibe River Basin, southwest Ethiopia.

Methods
We collected snail samples from 130 observation sites in lakes, wetlands, rivers, reservoirs and irrigation canals surveyed during the dry season (March to May) in 2016. The snail samples were examined for trematode infections by cercarial shedding immediately after collection. Habitat conditions, water quality, human water contact practices and other human activities were assessed at each survey site. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to examine the relationship between cercarial infection and environmental variables. The statistical significance of eigenvalues and cercariae-environment correlations generated by the RDA were tested using Monte Carlo permutations at 499 permutations.

Results
A total of 3107 snails belonging to five species were collected. The most abundant species was Biomphalaria pfeifferi, representing 66% of the total collection. Overall, 109 (3.6%) of the snails were found infected with trematodes (cercariae). Biomphalaria pfeifferi was found to be the most highly infected, accounting 85% of all infected snails. A total of eight morphologically different types of cercariae were recorded, which included: Echinostoma cercariae, brevifurcate apharyngeate distome cercariae, amphistome cercariae, brevifurcate apharyngeate monostome cercariae, xiphidiocercariae, longifurcate pharyngeate distome cercariae, strigea cercariae and unidentified cercariae. Brevifurcate apharyngeate distome cercariae, and Echinostoma cercariae were the most abundant cercariae, accounting for 36 and 34% of all infection, respectively. The mean concentration of water conductivity and 5 days biological oxygen demand were higher in irrigation canals and lake sampling points. Human activities such as open field defecation, urination, livestock grazing, farming, and swimming were highly correlated with trematode infection.

Conclusions
The abundance, occurrence and infection rates of snail species were largely influenced by water physicochemical quality, sanitation and water contact behaviour of the inhabitants. Human activities, such as open field defecation and urination, livestock grazing, farming, and swimming were important predictors of the abundance of cercariae. Therefore, awareness creation should be implemented for proper containment of excreta (urine and faeces) and reducing human and animal contacts with surface waters to reduce snail-borne disease transmission.
Influence of the cloud-level neutral layer on the vertical propagation of topographically generated gravity waves on Venus
Authors: Yamada Takeru , Imamura Takeshi , Fukuhara Tetsuya , Taguchi Makoto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe reason for stationary gravity waves at Venus’ cloud top to appear mostly at low latitudes in the afternoon is not understood. Since a neutral layer exists in the lower part of the cloud layer, the waves should be affected by the neutral layer before reaching the cloud top. To what extent gravity waves can propagate vertically through the neutral layer has been unclear. To examine the possibility that the variation of the neutral layer thickness is responsible for the dependence of the gravity wave activity on the latitude and the local time, we investigated the sensitivity of the vertical propagation of gravity waves on the neutral layer thickness using a numerical model. The results showed that stationary gravity waves with zonal wavelengths longer than 1000 km can propagate to the cloud-top level without notable attenuation in the neutral layer with realistic thicknesses of 5–15 km. This suggests that the observed latitudinal and local time variation of the gravity wave activity should be attributed to processes below the cloud. An analytical approach also showed that gravity waves with horizontal wavelengths shorter than tens of kilometers would be strongly attenuated in the neutral layer; such waves should originate in the altitude region above the neutral layer.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella isolates among children aged below five years with diarrhea attending Robe General Hospital and Goba Referral Hospital, South East Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Addisu , Girma Mengistu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiarrheal diseases are responsible for high level of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children below 5 years.SalmonellaandShigellaspp. are pathogenic microbes responsible for the major diarrheal associated mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, factors associated withSalmonellaandShigellaisolates infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among diarrheic children aged below 5 years attending BRGH and GRH, Ethiopia.MethodsA health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2016. One stool samples was collected from 422 diarrheic children under the ages of five and were cultured on to Hektoen Enteric (HE) and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Isolation identification of theSalmonellaandShigellaisolates were conducted using standard bacteriological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates were defined as multidrug resistant if it was resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. Descriptive statistics were employed and logistic regression models were constructed to determine factors associated withShigella/Salmonellaprevalence.ResultsThe prevalence ofSalmonellaandShigellaisolates were 6.9 and 4.3%, respectively. Children aged between 1 to 3 years were significantly associated withSalmonellainfection [AOR = 19.08, 95% CI (2.68–135.86)]. The odd of prevalence ofSalmonella/Shigellaisolates was significantly associated with absence of latrine, absence of hand washing after latrine, and in unimmunized children in adjusted odd ratio. Unimproved water sources and hand washing before meal had also higher odd of prevalence although the difference was not significant. AllSalmonellaandShigellaisolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%). In addition, allShigellaisolates were completely resistant to chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, and were multidrug resistant. However, allSalmonellaandShigella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone.ConclusionThere was a relatively low prevalence ofSalmonellaandShigellaspecies in the study areas and were significantly associated with lack of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. There were also higher drug resistance and multidrug resistant pattern. Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, including access to latrine and supply of safe drinking water are suggested. Checking susceptibilities ofShigellaandSalmonellaisolates causing diarrhea is also suggested.
Pathological findings in spontaneously dead and euthanized sows – a descriptive study
Authors: Ala-Kurikka Eve , Munsterhjelm Camilla , Bergman Paula , Laine Taina , Pekkarinen Henna , Peltoniemi Olli , Valros Anna , Heinonen Mari 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundA high rate of euthanized and spontaneously dead sows causes production losses and likely indicates underlying welfare problems. Identification of predisposing factors to on-farm deaths requires a thorough understanding of the causes. Post-mortem examination is needed for a proper diagnosis. The aims of this descriptive study were to determine causes of spontaneous deaths and euthanasia in sows in a convenience sample of Finnish herds and to describe pathological findings in the locomotor system and in teeth and gums.ResultsThis study described post-mortem findings in 65 sows found dead or euthanized on 15 farms. All but one of the sows presented with two or more pathological findings. The majority of primary pathologic-anatomic diagnoses (PAD-1) were inflammatory. The most prevalent diagnoses were arthritis and peritonitis (9% of sows each). The locomotor system was the body part most commonly affected by lesions. Findings in the locomotor system unassociated with death were present in 85% of the animals, additionally 29% of PAD-1 s concerned the locomotor system. The prevalence for both degenerative joint disease and tooth wear was 71%. Farmers had noted clinical signs within 30 days of death in every euthanized sow and in half of the spontaneously dead ones. The farmer’s impression of the cause of death agreed at least partly with the PAD-1 in 44% of the cases.ConclusionMultiple pathologies were the norm in the present animals. This may indicate an extended course of illness and therefore also an unnecessary delay in medical treatment or euthanasia. The prevalence and clinical relevance of the most common disorders, including degenerative joint disease and tooth wear, need to be elucidated.