bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures of selection in a recent invasion reveal adaptive divergence in a highly vagile invasive species
Authors: Stuart Katarina C. , Cardilini Adam P. A. , Cassey Phillip , Richardson Mark F. , Sherwin William B. , Rollins Lee A. , Sherman Craig D. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA detailed understanding of population genetics in invasive populations helps us to identify drivers of successful alien introductions. Here, we investigate putative signals of selection in Australian populations of invasive common starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, and seek to understand how these have been influenced by introduction history. We used reduced representation sequencing to determine population structure, and identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that are putatively under selection. We found that since their introduction into Australia, starling populations have become genetically differentiated despite the potential for high levels of dispersal, and that starlings have responded to selective pressures imposed by a wide range of environmental conditions across their geographic range. Isolation by distance appears to have played a strong role in determining genetic substructure across the starling's Australian range. Analyses of candidate SNPs that are putatively under selection indicated that aridity, precipitation and temperature may be important factors driving adaptive variation across the starling's invasive range in Australia. However, we also noted that the historic introduction regime may leave footprints on sites flagged as being under adaptive selection, and encourage critical interpretation of selection analyses in non‐native populations.
Wolbachia modulates prevalence and viral load of Culex pipiens densoviruses in natural populations
Authors: Altinli Mine , Lequime Sebastian , Atyame Celestine , Justy Fabienne , Weill Mylene , Sicard Mathieu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe inadequacy of standard mosquito control strategies calls for ecologically safe novel approaches, for example the use of biological agents such as the endosymbiotic α‐proteobacteria Wolbachia or insect‐specific viruses (ISVs). Understanding the ecological interactions between these “biocontrol endosymbionts” is thus a fundamental step. Wolbachia are transmitted vertically from mother to offspring and modify their hosts’ phenotypes, including reproduction (e.g., cytoplasmic incompatibility) and survival (e.g., viral interference). In nature, Culex pipiens (sensu lato) mosquitoes are always found infected with genetically diverse Wolbachia called wPip that belong to five phylogenetic groups. In recent years, ISVs have also been discovered in these mosquito species, although their interactions with Wolbachia in nature are unknown. Here, we studied the interactions between a widely prevalent ISV, the Culex pipiens densovirus (CpDV, Densovirinae), and Wolbachia in northern Tunisian C. pipiens populations. We showed an influence of different Wolbachia groups on CpDV prevalence and a general positive correlation between Wolbachia and CpDV loads. By investigating the putative relationship between CpDV diversification and wPip groups in the different sites, we detected a signal linked to wPip groups in CpDV phylogeny in sites where all larvae were infected by the same wPip group. However, no such signal was detected where the wPip groups coexisted, suggesting CpDV horizontal transfer between hosts. Overall, our results provide good evidence for an ecological influence of Wolbachia on an ISV, CpDV, in natural populations and highlight the importance of integrating Wolbachia in our understanding of ISV ecology in nature.
Resident impression management within feedback conversations: A qualitative study
Authors: Huffman Brandon M. , Hafferty Frederic W. , Bhagra Anjali , Leasure Emily L. , Santivasi Wil L. , Sawatsky Adam P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionMedical education is moving to conceptualise feedback as a bidirectional learning conversation. Within this conversation, learners experience a tension between assessment and feedback. That perceived tension affects learners’ outward performances. In this study, we aimed to characterise residents’ experiences with this tension and its effect on learner authenticity within feedback conversations.MethodsIn this constructivist grounded theory study, the authors were informed by Goffman's theory of impression management. During data analysis, Dweck's theory of mindset was adopted. The authors conducted semi‐structured interviews with 15 internal medicine residents. Data collection and analysis were conducted iteratively, using constant comparison to identify themes coinciding with impression management and mindset, ultimately developing a theoretical model to help explain residents’ responses to tensions within feedback conversations.ResultsResidents constantly felt ‘scrutinized’, and this affected their engagement in feedback conversations. They staged a performance within those conversations, linked to their underlying mindset: growth or fixed. Growth mindset was characterised by a focus on development as a physician and was associated with asking questions and seeking opportunities for growth. Fixed mindset was characterised by a focus on achieving a favourable evaluation and was associated with a hesitation to ask questions when faced with uncertainty and admit opportunities for growth, because they were concerned about impression management. Context influenced mindset and impression management. Residents adopted a fixed mindset and managed impressions when they perceived the permanence or consequences of evaluations within feedback. Residents adopted a growth mindset when they trusted the supervisor.DiscussionResidents assess the context of feedback conversations, altering the authenticity of their behaviours. Context, including the perceptions of formal assessment and relationships with supervisors, affected residents’ mindset and impression management. Providing space for relationship‐building and clarifying the purpose and structure of assessment may be helpful in supporting effective learning conversations in graduate medical education.
The use of impedance planimetry (Endoscopic Functional Lumen Imaging Probe, EndoFLIP®) in the gastrointestinal tract: A systematic review
Authors: Desprez Charlotte , Roman Sabine , Leroi Anne Marie , Gourcerol Guillaume 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeThe EndoFLIP® system is a method of delineating impedance and was first designed to investigate the characteristics of the esophago‐gastric junction. In the last decade, its use was widened to investigate other sphincteric and non‐sphincteric systems of the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of the present systematic review was to summarize the available data in literature on the use of the EndoFLIP® system in the gastrointestinal tract, including sphincteric and non‐sphincteric regions. We performed a systematic review in accordance with recommendations for systematic review using PRISMA guidelines without date restriction, until June 2020, using MEDLINE‐PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Only articles written in English were included in the present review. Five hundred and six unique citations were identified from all database combined. Of those, 95 met the inclusion criteria. There was a lack of standardization among studies in terms of anesthetic drugs use, probe placement, and inflation protocol. In most cases, only small cohorts of patients were included. Most studies investigated the EGJ, with a potential use of the EndoFLIP® to identify a subgroup of patients with achalasia and for intraoperative assessment of treatment efficacy in achalasia. However, the use of EndoFLIP® in the esophageal body (esophageal panometry), other esophageal diseases (gastro‐esophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic esophagitis), and other sphincter regions (anal canal, pylorus) will need further confirmatory studies. The EndoFLIP® system provides detailed geometric data of the gastrointestinal lumen but further works are needed to determine its use in clinical practice.
Inflorescence preformation prior to winter: a surprisingly widespread strategy that drives phenology of temperate perennial herbs
Authors: Schnablová Renáta , Huang Lin , Klimešová Jitka , Šmarda Petr , Herben Tomáš 
Published: August 2020

Summary

Organ preformation in overwintering buds of perennial plants has been known for almost two centuries. It is hypothesized to underlie fast growth and early flowering, but its frequency, phylogenetic distribution, and ecological relevance have never been systematically examined.

We microscopically observed inflorescence preformation in overwintering buds (IPB) in the autumn. We studied a phylogenetically and ecologically representative set of 330 species of temperate perennial angiosperms and linked these observations with quantitative data on species’ flowering phenology, genome size, and ecology.

IPB was observed in 34% of species examined (in 14% species the stamens and/or pistils were already developed). IPB is fairly phylogenetically conserved and frequent in many genera (Alchemilla, Carex, Euphorbia, Geranium, Primula, Pulmonaria) or families (Ranunculaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Violaceae, Boraginaceae). It was found in species of any genome size, although it was almost universal in those with large genomes. Compared with non‐IPB species, IPB species flowered 38 d earlier on average and were more common in shaded and undisturbed habitats.

IPB is a surprisingly widespread adaptation for early growth in predictable (undisturbed) conditions. It contributes to temporal niche differentiation and has important consequences for understanding plant phenology, genome size evolution, and phylogenetic structure of plant communities.
Chemical warfare agent research in precision‐cut tissue slices—a useful alternative approach
Authors: Herbert Julia , Laskin Debra L. , Gow Andrew J. , Laskin Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) in military conflicts and against civilians is a recurrent problem. Despite ongoing CWA research using in vitro or in vivo models, progress to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity and to develop effective therapies, decontamination procedures, and general countermeasures is still limited. Novel scientific approaches to address these questions are needed to expand perspectives on existing knowledge and gain new insights. To achieve this, the use of ex vivo techniques like precision‐cut tissue slices (PCTSs) can be a valuable approach. Existing studies employing this economical and relatively easy to implement method show model suitability and comparability with the use of in vitro and in vivo models. In this article, we review research on CWAs in PCTSs to illustrate the advantages of the approach and to promote future applications.
The Good and Bad Volatility: A New Class of Asymmetric Heteroskedastic Models
Authors: BenSaïda Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces a new class of tractable asymmetric heteroskedastic models, the good and bad volatility (GBV). Asymmetry is recognized in the dynamics of GBV components that correspond to positive and negative shocks respectively. The GBV model allows both conditional semivariances to evolve according to two separate functional forms with different semi‐definite distributions. An empirical application to six major index returns shows a fitting improvement over well‐known asymmetric volatility models in the financial literature. The model further leads to significant improvements in forecasting performance. The derived nontrivial news impact curves convey the dichotomy that asymmetry in financial returns has different dynamics for positive and negative shocks.
IMRT versus 2D/3D conformal RT in oropharyngeal cancer: A review of the literature and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alterio Daniela , Gugliandolo Simone Giovanni , Augugliaro Matteo , Marvaso Giulia , Gandini Sara , Bellerba Federica , Russell‐Edu Samuel William , De Simone Irene , Cinquini Michela , Starzyńska Anna , Zaffaroni Mattia , Bacigalupo Almalina , Fanetti Giuseppe , Durante Stefano , Dicuonzo Samantha , Orecchia Roberto , Jereczek‐Fossa Barbara Alicja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBased on literature, intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) provides less related toxicity compared with conventional 2D/3D‐RT with no impact on oncological outcomes for oropharyngeal cancer. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to assess whether IMRT might provide similar clinical outcomes with reduced related toxicity in comparison with conventional 2D/3D RT in patients treated for clinically advanced oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Inclusion criteria for paper selection included: squamous OPC patients, treatment performed by concomitant CRT or RT alone, four treatment performed for curative intent, and presence of clinical outcome of interest, namely, overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) and full paper available in English. Acute and late toxicities were retrieved together with OS and DFS. Crude relative risk estimates of relapse and death comparing 2D/3D‐RT versus IMRT were calculated from tabular data, extracting events at 2–3 years of follow‐up. Eight studies were selected. Six of them were included in the meta‐analysis considering summary relative risk. Considering both acute and late toxicities, the considered studies evidenced advantages for IMRT populations, with the 2D/3D‐RT population showing higher frequencies than the IMRT one. No statistical difference between IMRT and 2D/3D‐RT in terms of death (SRR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.83–1.04 with no heterogeneity I2 = 0%) and relapse (SRR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83–1.03, with no heterogeneity I2 = 0%) was found. Results of our study suggest the improvement in the therapeutic index with IMRT with evidenced reduced toxicity without any worsening in clinical outcome when compared to 2D/3DCRT.
Neuroinflammation changes with periodontal inflammation status during periodontitis in wild‐type mice
Authors: Wang Xu , Tong Yuxin , Zhang Jiayu , Khan Nazia , Zhang Kaili , Bai Huihui , Zhang Qianqian , Chen Yue 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate neuroinflammation under different periodontal status.Materials and MethodsExperimental periodontitis was induced by molar ligation (Lig group) or periodontal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Lps group). Periodontal status was assessed by alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation. Micro‐computed tomography and haematoxylin–eosin staining were performed to assess alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation, respectively. Neuroinflammation was assessed by glial cell proliferation and proinflammatory factor expression. Microgliosis was determined by immunofluorescence. Astrogliosis was determined by immunohistochemistry. Expressions of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐1β were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsMicrogliosis and astrogliosis in the Lig group were notable with molar ligation for 2 weeks and 4 weeks (p < .05), but were only slightly different similar from the control group by week 12. Microgliosis and astrogliosis in the Lps group were significant with LPS injection for 4 and 8 weeks (p < .05). The groups displayed a positive correlation between the degree of periodontal inflammation and the number of glial cells (p < .05). Expressions of IL‐1β and TNF‐α in the Lps group were significantly increased with LPS injection for 8 weeks (p < .05). In the Lig group, only TNF‐α was highly expressed with molar ligation for 12 weeks (p < .05).ConclusionBoth models demonstrated that the inflammatory response in the hippocampus of mice can change during periodontitis depending on the periodontal inflammation status.
Mutual caregiving: Living meaningfully as an older couple
Authors: Antonelli Mary T. , Grace Pamela J. , Boltz Marie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMore older couples are living independently while managing chronic health conditions. Though research is replete in identifying the influence of spouse's behaviours on each other's health, there is little known of the specific factors underlying the older couples’ relational processes to explain this dynamic. Knowledge development is needed to provide a grounding for interventions to address such influences to improve health and well‐being.AimThe aim of this study was to advance the understanding of older couples’ experiences of living with chronic health conditions to gain insights into the potential benefits of 'being a couple' to manage behavioural health and life adjustments.MethodA hermeneutic–dialectic phenomenology design based on Newman's theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness was used. Fourteen older couples were jointly interviewed. The interviews were non‐structured and designed to capture their experience as a couple.ResultsThree themes emerged (a) living meaningfully through mutual caregiving, (b) a pattern of spousal movement facilitating change and (c) co‐creating as an older couple to move forward.ConclusionThe study supports reframing older couple's care as a 'dyad of care'. This approach provides an opportunity to leverage the couples’ mutuality to support health management as a couple. A motivation to action process between the spouses appeared to enable mutual caregiving, a reliance of each spouse on the another for identity, socialisation, health and daily living, which facilitated an evolving understanding of their lives and its meaning.Implications for practiceMutual caregiving should be acknowledged as a significant relational dynamic within older couples, as a dyad of care, when managing health and well‐being.
Bland–Altman Analysis of Different Radiographic Measurements of the Hallux Valgus Angle and the Intermetatarsal Angle After Distal Osteotomy
Authors: Cao Xuhan , Bai Zixing , Sun Chengyi , Wen Jianmin , Lin Xinxiao , Sun Weidong 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate commonly used approaches for detection of radiographic angles in hallux valgus deformity patients.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in patients with hallux valgus deformity at Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from January 2016 to January 2019. The inclusion criteria were: (i) postoperative dorsoplantar weight‐bearing radiographs for the feet of patients with the hallux valgus; (ii) patients had been managed with a distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal and the osteotomized bone ends recovered. The exclusion criteria applied were as follows: (i) age > 65 years or < 18 years old; (ii) blurry image; (iii) previous history of severe foot trauma and surgery. Postoperative radiographs for hallux valgus were analyzed using six methods: by a line drawn through the long axis of the first metatarsal bone (method 1); an extended line drawn to bisect the shaft of the metatarsal at two levels with joined points of bisection (method 2); a line drawn to connect the center of the articular surface of the metatarsal head and the center of the proximal articulation (method 3); a line drawn from the center of the head of the first metatarsal head through the center of the base of the first metatarsal bone (method 4); a line drawn through the center of the head and the center of the proximal shaft (method 5); and a line drawn from the center of the head of the first metatarsal head through the center of the proximal articulation (method 6). The measurement results obtained were subjected to Bland–Altman analysis and consistency evaluation.ResultsA total number of 20 radiographs were collected for measurement. No statistically significant differences were found in the measurement values among the six methods (P > 0.05). The lowest values of the average measurement, standard deviation, and confidence interval were established in method 3, followed by those in methods 1 and 4. The standard deviation of the measurement value and the confidence interval in method 2 were the largest. Methods 1 and 4 had similar confidence intervals and were with a high consistency. Due to the nature of the retrospective study, no follow‐up and complications were applicable in the present study.ConclusionLine drawn through the long axis of the first metatarsal bone (method 1) and line drawn from the center of the head of the first metatarsal head through the center of the base of the first metatarsal bone (method 4) were reliable and well repeatable, and may be used for postoperative radiographs.
Coronary sinus diverticulum: Importance, function, and treatment
Authors: Razeghian‐Jahromi Iman , Natale Andrea , Nikoo Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe importance of venous structure in the heart is usually overshadowed by that of the arterial system. Coronary sinus (CS) is a part of cardiac venous apparatus and connects left atria to the right atria. Other than having role in physiological contractions of both atria, it contributes substantially to cardiac electrical conduction system. Due to unique placement and connections of the CS, it has become growing interest in clinical cardiology. It is used in cardiac resynchronization therapy with biventricular pacing, left‐sided catheter ablation of arrhythmias, and administration of retrograde cardioplegia in cardiac surgery. In some individuals, CS is presented with anatomical variants. CS diverticulum is a congenital outpouching that provides muscular connection between atria and ventricle. This connection provides a suitable substrate for occurrence of arrhythmias, which even results in life‐threatening events such as sudden cardiac death. Early diagnosis leads to treatment with ablation techniques, which ultimately eliminates origins of arrhythmias.
Intensive care and anesthetic management of patients with Brugada syndrome and COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Dendramis Gregory , Brugada Pedro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) spreads across the world, and the intensive care unit (ICU) community must prepare for the challenges associated with this pandemic viral infection. Rapid diagnosis, isolation, and intensive clinical management are very important for all patients with COVID‐19, especially for those with cardiac diseases as Brugada syndrome (BrS). BrS is an arrhythmogenic disease reported to be one among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death. In these patients, episodes of lethal arrhythmias may be induced by several factors or situations, and for this reason management during ICU permanence or anesthesia must provide some precautions, avoiding factors that are known to have the potential to worsen the probability to induce arrhythmias. For ICU practitioners, management of acute respiratory failure, hemodynamics, and cardiovascular complications certainly are the key for the best treatment of these patients but to date specific data on supportive ICU care for these patients are lacking, and current recommendations are based on existing evidence from other viral infections and general intensive care management. We want to focus on some general rules, resulted from cases series and clinical practice, to be followed during the ICU management of patients with BrS and concomitant COVID‐19 infection.