bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-national Differences in the Association Between Retirement and Memory Decline
Authors: Mäcken Jana , Riley Alicia R , Glymour Maria M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Retirement is a potential trigger for cognitive aging as it may be a stressful life event accompanied by changes in everyday activities. However, the consequences of retirement may differ across institutional contexts which shape retirement options. Comparing memory trajectories before and after retirement in 17 European countries, this study aims to identify cross-national differences in the association between retirement and memory decline.

Method
Respondents to the longitudinal Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE; N = 8,646) aged 50+ who were in paid work at baseline and retired during the observation period completed up to 6 memory assessments (immediate and delayed word recall) over 13 years. Three-level (time points, individuals, and countries) linear mixed models with country-level random slopes for retirement were estimated to evaluate whether memory decline accelerated after retirement and if this association differed between countries.

Results
On average, retirement was associated with a moderate decrement in word recall (b = −0.273, 95% CI −0.441, −0.104) and memory decline accelerated after retirement (b = −0.044, 95% CI −0.070, −0.018). Significant between-country heterogeneity in memory decline after retirement existed (variance = 0.047, 95% CI (0.013, 0.168). Memory decline after retirement was more rapid in Italy, Greece, Czech Republic, Poland, Portugal, and Estonia compared to Northern and Central European countries.

Discussion
Memory decline postretirement was faster in Mediterranean and eastern European countries, which are characterized by less generous welfare systems with comparatively low pension benefits. Evaluation of resources that could protect retirees from memory decline would be valuable.
Staged surgery for empyema and lung gangrene caused by pseudoaneurysm after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Nakata Kentaro , Sugimoto Seiichiro , Yamane Masaomi , Toyooka Shinichi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lung gangrene is a potentially fatal disease, and primary or staged surgery, depending on the patient’s condition, is reported to be useful. We describe successful management, by staged surgery, of a rare case of empyema and lung gangrene complicating lung radiofrequency ablation. The patient, who was a diabetic with colorectal pulmonary metastases, underwent embolization of a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in the right basal segment that developed after lung radiofrequency ablation. He subsequently developed lung gangrene caused by lung ischaemia, and empyema, necessitating pleural decortication followed by open-window thoracostomy. Subsequently, right basal segmentectomy was performed, with thoracostoma closure. Staged surgery might be beneficial for high-risk patients with empyema and lung gangrene caused by lung ischaemia.
Exceptional thyrolipoma and thymolipoma association: is there a syndrome?
Authors: Mangiameli Giuseppe , Bekmezian Nahina , Hernigou Anne , Le Pimpec-Barthes Françoise 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Thyrolipoma and thymolipoma are rare neoplasms of the thyroid gland and thymus, respectively. Their simultaneous occurrence is exceptional. Up to now, only 2 cases have been reported in literature in 1966 and in 1997. For the first time, we report the occurrence of both neoplasms associated with myasthenia gravis in a 64-year-old woman. The value of this case report lies not only in the fact that it allows us to speculate on the presence of a syndrome but also because a complete radiological work-up (computed tomography scanner, magnetic resonance imaging, Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)) is reported.
Experiences of Spiritual Advocacy for Land and Territorial Itineraries for the Defense of Wiwa Women’s Rights in Postconflict Colombia
Authors: Pastor Lejandrina , Santamaria Angela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article explores Wiwa female spiritual advocacy in the Colombian Caribbean region during the postconflict period. The methodologies and practices of indigenous communities have been underappreciated in transitional justice literature about land and property rights. This article seeks to analyze spiritual and territorial advocacy by local indigenous women for the defense of their lands and their collective rights. We examine intercultural and intersectional methodologies, rituals and recollection as strategies for clarifying the ‘truth.’ These methodologies attempt to revitalize indigenous women’s advocacy for sacred sites of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta affected by armed conflict. These spiritual advocacy practices are one expression of the Law of Origin, the customary law as a form of telling the truth. Here, we explain how participatory action research should be used to include female indigenous techniques and conduct ethnographic observations.
Behavioral Management is a Key Component of Ethical Research
Authors: Schapiro Steven J , Neal Webb Sarah J , Mulholland Michele M , Lambeth Susan P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBehavioral management programs aim to enhance the welfare of animal subjects that participate in research, thereby enhancing our ability to conduct ethical research projects. Socialization strategies, environmental enrichment techniques, opportunities for subjects to voluntarily participate in research procedures, and the provision of Functionally Appropriate Captive Environments are 4 major components of most behavioral management programs. The appropriate implementation of behavioral management programs should provide animals with opportunities to engage in species-typical activity patterns, contributing to valid and reliable animal models that require the smallest number of subjects to achieve meaningful results. The role that socialization strategies, environmental enrichment techniques, and positive reinforcement training can play in maintaining and enhancing welfare through the stimulation of species-typical behavior and the prevention of abnormal behavior is discussed. The value of empirically assessing the effects of behavioral management techniques is emphasized. Additionally, the necessity of adjusting the relative prioritization of needs related to the convenience of human caregivers and the animals themselves is addressed. For the purposes of this discussion, research projects are considered to be ethical if they (1) involve animals with high welfare, (2) provide data that are reliable and valid, (3) involve appropriate numbers of subjects, and (4) involve animals that are appropriate models to test meaningful hypotheses.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical assistance in dying in Canada and the relationship of public health laws to private understandings of the legal order
Authors: Tremblay-Huet Sabrina , McMorrow Thomas , Wiebe Ellen , Kelly Michaela , Hennawy Mirna , Sum Brian 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Drawing on interviews we conducted with 15 medical assistance in dying (MAiD) providers from across Canada, we examine how physicians and nurse practitioners reconcile respect for the new, changing rules brought upon by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, along with their existing legal obligations and ethical commitments as health care professionals and MAiD providers. Our respondents reported situations where they did not follow or did not insist on others following the applicable public health rules. We identify a variety of techniques that they deployed either to minimize, rationalize, justify or excuse deviations from the relevant public health rules. They implicitly invoked the exceptionality and emotionality of the MAiD context, especially in the time of COVID, when offering their accounts and explanations. What respondents relate about their experiences providing MAiD during the COVID pandemic offers occasion to reflect on the role actors themselves play in giving meaning (if not coherence) to the potentially conflicting normative expectations to which they are subject.
Unusual presentation of rectal squamous cell carcinoma perforation—case report and literature review
Authors: Amin Hiral , Salas-Parra Ruben D , Stantley Lauren , Rajee Nirmala K , Gowda Vinayak S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This is an unusual case of an obstructive rectal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), causing perforation and a pelvic abscess, requiring source control and diverting colostomy. A 50-year-old female with chronic constipation presented with worsening right buttock pain for 1 month. On exam, the patient reported right hip tenderness. A computer tomography (CT) revealed rectal wall thickening with a presacral abscess. Due to the concern of rectal perforation with abscess she was taken to the operating room for proctoscopy with biopsy, colostomy diversion and drainage of the abscess over the right buttock. Pathology reported invasive rectal SCC. Rectal SCC presents similarly to rectal adenocarcinoma but its diagnosis must include special markers for cytokeratins. The treatment approach is controversial but adequately treated offers better survival than rectal ADC. Rectal SCC is rare and treated with chemoradiation however it must also be tailored to the variable acute presentations.
X-ray reprocessing in accreting pulsar GX 301-2 observed with Insight-HXMT
Authors: Ji L , Doroshenko V , Suleimanov V , Santangelo A , Orlandini M , Liu J , Ducci L , Zhang S N , Nabizadeh A , Gavran D , Zhang S , Ge M Y , Li X B , Tao L , Bu Q C , Qu J L , Lu F J , Chen L , Song L M , Li T P , Xu Y P , Cao X L , Chen Y , Liu C Z , Cai C , Chang Z , Chen T X , Chen Y P , Cui W W , Du Y Y , Gao G H , Gao H , Gu Y D , Guan J , Guo C C , Han D W , Huang Y , Huo J , Jia S M , Jiang W C , Jin J , Kong L D , Li B , Li C K , Li G , Li W , Li X , Li X F , Li Z W , Liang X H , Liao J Y , Liu B S , Liu H X , Liu H W , Liu X J , Lu X F , Luo Q , Luo T , Ma R C , Ma X , Meng B , Nang Y , Nie J Y , Ou G , Ren X Q , Sai N , Song X Y , Sun L , Tan Y , Tuo Y L , Wang C , Wang L J , Wang P J , Wang W S , Wang Y S , Wen X Y , Wu B Y , Wu B B , Wu M , Xiao G C , Xiao S , Xiong S L , Yang R J , Yang S , Yang Yan-Ji , Yang Yi-Jung , Yi Q B , Yin Q Q , You Y , Zhang F , Zhang H M , Zhang J , Zhang P , Zhang W , Zhang W C , Zhang Yi , Zhang Y F , Zhang Y H , Zhao H S , Zhao X F , Zheng S J , Zheng Y G , Zhou D K 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the absorption and emission features in observations of GX 301-2 detected with Insight-HXMT/LE in 2017–2019. At different orbital phases, we found prominent Fe Kα, Kβ, and Ni Kα lines, as well as Compton shoulders and Fe K-shell absorption edges. These features are due to the X-ray reprocessing caused by the interaction between the radiation from the source and surrounding accretion material. According to the ratio of iron lines (Kα and Kβ), we infer the accretion material is in a low ionization state. We find an orbital-dependent local absorption column density, which has a large value and strong variability around the periastron. We explain its variability as a result of inhomogeneities of the accretion environment and/or instabilities of accretion processes. In addition, the variable local column density is correlated with the equivalent width of the iron Kα lines throughout the orbit, which suggests that the accretion material near the neutron star is spherically distributed.
Polarized kilonovae from black hole–neutron star mergers
Authors: Bulla M , Kyutoku K , Tanaka M , Covino S , Bruten J R , Matsumoto T , Maund J R , Testa V , Wiersema K 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We predict linear polarization for a radioactively powered kilonova following the merger of a black hole and a neutron star. Specifically, we perform 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations for two different models, both featuring a lanthanide-rich dynamical ejecta component from numerical-relativity simulations while only one including an additional lanthanide-free disc-wind component. We calculate polarization spectra for nine different orientations at 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 d after the merger and in the $0.1\!-\!2\, \mu$m wavelength range. We find that both models are polarized at a detectable level 1.5 d after the merger while show negligible levels thereafter. The polarization spectra of the two models are significantly different. The model lacking a disc wind shows no polarization in the optical, while a signal increasing at longer wavelengths and reaching $\sim 1\!-\!6{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at $2\, \mu$m depending on the orientation. The model with a disc-wind component, instead, features a characteristic ‘double-peak’ polarization spectrum with one peak in the optical and the other in the infrared. Polarimetric observations of future events will shed light on the debated neutron richness of the disc-wind component. The detection of optical polarization would unambiguously reveal the presence of a lanthanide-free disc-wind component, while polarization increasing from zero in the optical to a peak in the infrared would suggest a lanthanide-rich composition for the whole ejecta. Future polarimetric campaigns should prioritize observations in the first ∼48 h and in the $0.5\!-\!2\, \mu$m range, where polarization is strongest, but also explore shorter wavelengths/later times where no signal is expected from the kilonova and the interstellar polarization can be safely estimated.
A numerical study of Galactic Centre stars
Authors: Salcido Oscar , Calcaneo-Roldan Carlos 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a simulation of the orbits of Galactic Centre stars, also known as ‘S-stars’, with the purpose of describing the motion of those bodies for which complete orbits are known with greater accuracy. The aim is to have a better understanding of the inner parts of the Galactic potential. The simulation assumes that the spacetime around the central black hole of the Galaxy may be modelled by the Schwarzschild metric, while stellar interactions are approximated classically. We model the central object as a black hole with mass 4.31 × 106 M⊙, fix the Galactic Centre distance at R = 8.33 kpc and include 37 orbiting stars, all of which have masses of 10 M⊙, except for S2, which has a mass of 20 M⊙. Our method allows us to predict the semimajor axis, a; eccentricity, ϵ; and period, T for these stars and predict their periastron shift, δΘ. In particular for S2, the most scrutinized star, we find δΘ = 11.9342 arcmin, in strong agreement with the observed value.
Origin of a Giant Sex Chromosome
Authors: Conte Matthew A , Clark Frances E , Roberts Reade B , Xu Luohao , Tao Wenjing , Zhou Qi , Wang Deshou , Kocher Thomas D 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChromosome size and morphology vary within and among species, but little is known about the proximate or ultimate causes of these differences. Cichlid fish species in the tribe Oreochromini share an unusual giant chromosome that is ∼3 times longer than the other chromosomes. This giant chromosome functions as a sex chromosome in some of these species. We test two hypotheses of how this giant sex chromosome may have evolved. The first hypothesis proposes that it evolved by accumulating repetitive elements as recombination was reduced around a dominant sex determination locus, as suggested by canonical models of sex chromosome evolution. An alternative hypothesis is that the giant sex chromosome originated via the fusion of an autosome with a highly repetitive B chromosome, one of which carried a sex determination locus. We test these hypotheses using comparative analysis of chromosome-scale cichlid and teleost genomes. We find that the giant sex chromosome consists of three distinct regions based on patterns of recombination, gene and transposable element content, and synteny to the ancestral autosome. The WZ sex determination locus encompasses the last ∼105 Mb of the 134-Mb giant chromosome. The last 47 Mb of the giant chromosome shares no obvious homology to any ancestral chromosome. Comparisons across 69 teleost genomes reveal that the giant sex chromosome contains unparalleled amounts of endogenous retroviral elements, immunoglobulin genes, and long noncoding RNAs. The results favor the B chromosome fusion hypothesis for the origin of the giant chromosome.
Expanding the Range of Metrics Used in Response Officer Dispatch Decisions
Authors: Yarwood Nicholas , King Melanie , Henshaw Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although officer proximity to a grade 2 (non-emergency) incident is the primary metric used by dispatchers to allocate officers from deployment, other (informal) factors may influence the decision. The purpose of this research was to identify additional metrics that could be used to better match officer attributes to incident characteristics. Using a form of grounded theory, interviews with dispatchers in a single constabulary were used to identify 14 additional metrics that could be used in a formal decision-making process implemented through software assistance. The metrics broadly fell into the three categories of response time, officer attributes, and incident attributes. Dispatchers generally considered the introduction of a greater range of metrics implemented as software assistance to be beneficial but considered software decision-making tools to be unacceptable. We conclude that the weighting attached to each new metric relative to others should be tailored to the constabulary and operation group with which the dispatcher works. Overall, it is considered desirable to introduce a wider range of metrics through which dispatch of officers to non-emergency incidents may be managed.
Platform capitalism: a socio-economic analysis
Authors: Boyer Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The emergence of multinational platforms organizing the interplay of a multiplicity of firms and consumers is analysed by regulation theory approach. The fall of Yahoo! and then the rise of Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple and Wikipedia give an unprecedented impetus to the construction of new eco-system led by a constant flow of innovations on information. Can it define a new configuration in the history of capitalisms? Against the hypothesis of a technological determinism, various types of platform may coexist and delineate contrasted reconfigurations of the modern world: a market led platform capitalism in the USA, a panoptic control society in China, whereas ideally the European Union aims at converting information into a global Common, monitored by citizens.
Hope, Emotional Charges, and Online Action: An Experimental Study of the DREAM Act
Authors: Elliott-Negri Luke , Tu Siqi , Zheng Wenjuan , Lennon Mary Clare 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the causal relationship between an under-studied emotion—hope—and online action. We ask whether some emotions are more effective than others in driving a semi-behavioral outcome—clicking a hyperlink. Using an experimental design, we find that a recorded speech that has been “emotionally charged” with hope increases respondents’ willingness to seek information about a contentious social issue, immigrant rights. We argue that the hope charge is uniquely powerful, in part because it energizes both beneficiary constituents (BCs) and conscience constituents (CCs) of social movements, as well as those of broader publics. We suggest that hope is a quintessential bridging charge, linking beneficiary constituents to these other groups. Our study builds on important methodological trends in the developing field of survey experimentation: it uses audio recordings to convey emotional charges and embeds a semi-behavioral measure at the conclusion of an internet-based survey experiment. We argue that hope has been empirically submerged in the discipline, and, when used to charge social movement frames, has under-acknowledged mobilizing power.
Tetrandrine, a Potent Antifungal Agent, Inhibits Mycelial Growth and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Li Pingliang , Zou Jian , Dong Yanhan , Jiang Jintao , Liang Wenxing , Li Delong 
Published: December 2020

Tetrandrine (TET) is a potent calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and inflammation. Currently, TET is predominantly used to treat a variety of human diseases, and there is little information regarding the use of TET against plant pathogens. In this study, we explored the antifungal activity of TET on a plant pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. We show that administration of low concentrations of TET effectively inhibited hyphal growth of fungus grown on potato dextrose agarose and decreased the virulence of B. cinerea in tomato plants. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of drug efflux pump-related genes (alcohol dehydrogenase 1, multidrug/pheromone exporter, pleiotropic drug resistance protein 1, and synaptic vesicle transporter) were downregulated in the presence of TET. Finally, we show that TET acts synergistically with iprodione, resulting in increased inhibition of B. cinerea both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that TET might act as an effective antifungal agent in reducing gray mold disease.
Video-based Pain Education in Schools
Authors: Martí Lorena , Castarlenas Elena , Solé Ester , de la Vega Rocío , Miró Jordi 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
School-based educational programs have shown positive changes in health-related behaviors among adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in pain-related knowledge among adolescents and in the use of positive responses to their peers’ pain behaviors after watching a brief educational video.

Methods:
One hundred and thirty-five adolescents (mean age=13.27; SD=1.17) participated and provided demographic and pain-related information. They also responded to a pain-related knowledge questionnaire before (T1), after (T2), and 1 month after (T3) watching a brief pain educational video, and to a modified version of the Inventory of Parent/Caregiver Responses to the Children’s Pain Experience at T1 and at T3.

Results:
There was a significant increase in pain knowledge for all participants between T1 and T2 (η2
p=0.73) and between T1 and T3 (η2
p=0.62). An increase in responses considered to be positive to peers’ pain behaviors (ie, the promotion of well-behaviors and coping responses) 1 month after watching the educational video was also found. Interestingly, these results were not associated with the chronic pain status of the participant.

Discussion:
The findings showed that a brief and inexpensive educational video-based intervention in schools helps to increase pain-related knowledge and change responses to students with chronic pain. This has the potential to prevent chronic pain and related disability among students, and decrease bullying-like behaviors toward students with chronic pain.