bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Patient-Specific Model for Predicting Severe Oliguria; Development and Comparison With Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Acute Kidney Injury Classification
Authors: Howitt Samuel H. , Oakley Jordan , Caiado Camila , Goldstein Michael , Malagon Ignacio , McCollum Charles , Grant Stuart W. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes urine output criteria for acute kidney injury lack specificity for identifying patients at risk of adverse renal outcomes. The objective was to develop a model that analyses hourly urine output values in real time to identify those at risk of developing severe oliguria.

Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing prospectively collected data.

Setting:
A cardiac ICU in the United Kingdom.

Patients:
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery between January 2013 and November 2017.

Interventions:
None.

Measurement and Main Results:
Patients were randomly assigned to development (n = 981) and validation (n = 2,389) datasets. A patient-specific, dynamic Bayesian model was developed to predict future urine output on an hourly basis. Model discrimination and calibration for predicting severe oliguria (< 0.3 mL/kg/hr for 6 hr) occurring within the next 12 hours were tested in the validation dataset at multiple time points. Patients with a high risk of severe oliguria (p > 0.8) were identified and their outcomes were compared with those for low-risk patients and for patients who met the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes urine output criterion for acute kidney injury. Model discrimination was excellent at all time points (area under the curve > 0.9 for all). Calibration of the model’s predictions was also excellent. After adjustment using multivariable logistic regression, patients in the high-risk group were more likely to require renal replacement therapy (odds ratio, 10.4; 95% CI, 5.9–18.1), suffer prolonged hospital stay (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% CI, 3.0–6.4), and die in hospital (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.8–14.0) (p < 0.001 for all). Outcomes for those identified as high risk by the model were significantly worse than for patients who met the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes urine output criterion.

Conclusions:
This novel, patient-specific model identifies patients at increased risk of severe oliguria. Classification according to model predictions outperformed the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes urine output criterion. As the new model identifies patients at risk before severe oliguria develops it could potentially facilitate intervention to improve patient outcomes.
Comparing written and verbal delivery of a treatment regimen to women with overactive bladder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shirreff Lindsay , Anderson Michelle , McDermott Colleen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Overactive bladder is a common condition among aging women requiring a multifaceted treatment approach, which is usually communicated by physician to the patient in the clinic setting. The objective of this two-center, randomized controlled trial was to determine if a transcribed list of six management strategies for overactive bladder improves immediate and delayed retention of these recommendations compared with a traditional verbal discussion.

Methods:
Between March, 2015 and February, 2019, women newly diagnosed with overactive bladder were randomized to either the intervention group, where they received a transcribed list of six treatment recommendations, or to the control group, where the same six recommendations were communicated verbally by their physician. Participants in both groups were asked to recall treatment recommendations immediately after their appointment and 2 weeks later. A score out of 6 was assigned at each time point based on the number of recommendations participants could list. Scores at each point of recall were compared between groups.

Results:
Seventy-two women were recruited and randomized to either the written instruction (n = 34) or verbal discussion group (n = 38). Immediate total retention score was significantly better for women who received the transcribed list compared with those receiving verbal communication (P = 0.002). There was no difference in 2-week total information retention scores between groups.

Conclusions:
A written list of recommendations is a quality improvement initiative that can improve overactive bladder participants’ immediate retention of a suggested treatment regimen, but lacks impact 2 weeks later.
Speech Perception, Dichotic Listening, and Ear Advantage in Simultaneous Bilateral Cochlear Implanted Children
Authors: Koopmann Moritz , Lesinski-Schiedat Anke , Illg Angelika 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To study the development of dichotic listening, ear advantage, and speech perception in cochlear implant (CI) recipients using five audiometric tests.

Study Design:
Prospective cohort analysis.

Setting:
University Hospital.

Patients:
One hundred twenty one participants who received simultaneous bilateral CIs and had at least 12 months of regular bilateral CI use. Age at time of testing ranged from 4 to 18 years with a mean age of 9 years (standard deviation [SD]: 3.0). Mean duration of CI use was 7.073 years (SD: 2.86).

Intervention:
Bilateral simultaneous cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measure:
Goettinger and Freiburger monosyllabic word test, Hochmair, Schulz and Desoyer sentence (HSM) test in noise and in quiet conditions and the dichotic listening test by Uttenweiler were applied according to the childrens’ age. The results were evaluated using a two-sided t test for dependent samples.

Results:
In all tests applied, we could not show significant differences in performance between left and right CI and therefore could not demonstrate an ear advantage. Dichotic listening was challenging, only one subject produced results required for normal hearing subjects to pass the test. The older the CI recipients get and duration of CI use increases, the more results in all speech perception tests improve.

Conclusions:
Our results cannot lend further support to the existence of ear advantage in CI recipients. We do not recommend the Uttenweiler dichotic listening test to determine lateralization. Further research to gather more information on dichotic listening and ear advantage in CI recipients is necessary and should use consonant-vowel stimuli as more comparable stimuli.
Intraoperative Recording of Auditory Brainstem Responses for Monitoring of Floating Mass Transducer Coupling Efficacy During Revision Surgery—Proof of Concept
Authors: Fröhlich Laura , Rahne Torsten , Plontke Stefan K. , Oberhoffner Tobias , Dziemba Oliver , Gadyuchko Maria , Hoth Sebastian , Mir-Salim Parwis , Müller Alexander 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
The objective of the study was to measure auditory brainstem responses elicited by stimulation via a semi-implantable active middle ear implant with an electromagnetically driven floating mass transducer to quantify the coupling efficacy (=vibroplasty in situ thresholds – bone conduction thresholds) in a patient during a revision surgery.

Patients:
One patient, reimplanted with an active middle ear implant in a revision surgery.

Intervention(s):
Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Intraoperative auditory brainstem responses evoked by stimulation via an active middle ear implant in a calibrated set-up directly indicating the coupling efficacy magnitude (auditory brainstem response threshold = coupling efficacy), as well as pre- and postoperative bone conduction and vibroplasty in situ thresholds.

Results:
The intraoperative auditory brainstem response threshold was detected at 0 dB nHL, i.e., the magnitude of coupling efficacy was determined intraoperatively to be 0 dB. The actual postoperative coupling efficacy (=postoperative vibroplasty in situ – postoperative bone conduction thresholds) was –2.5 dB.

Conclusions:
The coupling efficacy determined intraoperatively was consistent with the postoperative coupling efficacy. The described method seems to be a promising tool to objectively quantify the magnitude of coupling efficacy in active middle ear implant surgeries.
68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-11 PET/CT
Authors: Kunikowska Jolanta , Kuliński Radosław , Muylle Kristoff , Koziara Henryk , Królicki Leszek 
Published: October 2019

Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary tumor of the brain. After initial therapy and total resection of GBM, 80% to 90% of recurrences occur at the surgical margins. Currently, limited data are available in the literature on the possible use of 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA-11) for diagnosis of recurrence in GBM patients. The aim was to assess the feasibility and potential of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT as a diagnostic procedure in patients with histologically confirmed of GBM and suspected recurrent disease on MRI.

Results
No radiopharmaceutical-related adverse events were noted. Characterization of recurrent disease with MRI included T2-weighted fast spin-echo images, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences, and gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted images. Visual interpretation of PET showed increased accumulation of 68Ga-PSMA-11 in recurrent lesion detected by T1 contrast enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging images in all patients with a median SUVmax of the tumor of 6.5 and an SUVmean of 3.5. The median tumor-to-background brain ratio and tumor-to-liver ratio obtained from 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT were 96.7 and 0.8, respectively.

Conclusions
The extremely low background uptake in normal brain tissue and consequently high tumor-to-brain ratio make 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT highly promising for diagnosis of recurrent disease in GBM patients. Although PSMA expression in recurrent GBM also opens a potential way for targeted peptide therapy with α/β-emitters as well as for prediction of treatment with antiangiogenic agents, the low tumor-to-liver ratio observed in the majority of patients in this study suggests a limited role of radiolabeled PSMA ligands for targeted radionuclide therapy of recurrent GBM.
Women in Science and Technology: An Indian scenario
Authors: Swarup Akanksha , Dey Tuli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe concept of treating women as equal to their male counterpart became a topic of political debate in Europe during the ‘age of enlightenment’ (18th Century). The battle towards equal voting rights took approximately 100 years to win, and went until the 19th Century. It was only around 1902-1920 that women got equal voting rights in prominent Western countries followed by others. Amidst the celebration of ‘women’s vote centenary’ throughout the world, the issue of equal rights to education and work is still waiting for the proper attention. Historically the presence of women in educational, technological and scientific fields remains mostly marginal. In this article, the current state of under-representation of women in the science and technology community is depicted, primarily highlighting the Indian scenario. It is observed that throughout India, and amongst the relatively developed countries of the world, the presence of women in highly prestigious Institutes and Universities remains negligible even in this day and age. The probable causes behind such inequality need to be analyzed, addressed and looked upon for remedial purposes.
Polarly localized EccE1 is required for ESX-1 function and stabilization of ESX-1 membrane proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Soler-Arnedo Paloma , Sala Claudia , Zhang Ming , Cole Stewart T. , Piton Jérémie 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMycobacterium tuberculosis is a slow-growing intracellular bacterium with the ability to induce host cell death and persist indefinitely in the human body. This pathogen uses the specialized ESX-1 secretion system to secrete virulence factors and potent immunogenic effectors required for disease progression. ESX-1 is a multi-subunit apparatus with a membrane complex that is predicted to form a pore in the cytoplasmic membrane. In M. tuberculosis this complex is composed of five membrane proteins: EccB1, EccCa1, EccCb1, EccD1, EccE1. In this study, we have characterized the membrane component EccE1 and found that deletion of eccE1 lowers the levels of EccB1, EccCa1 and EccD1 thereby abolishing ESX-1 secretion and attenuating M. tuberculosis ex vivo. Surprisingly, secretion of EspB was not affected by loss of EccE1. Furthermore, EccE1 was found to be a membrane- and cell-wall associated protein that needs the presence of other ESX-1 components to assemble into a stable complex at the poles of M. tuberculosis. Overall, this investigation provides new insights into the role of EccE1 and its localization in M. tuberculosis.IMPORTANCETuberculosis (TB), the world’s leading cause of death of humans from an infectious disease, is caused by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The development of successful strategies to control TB requires better understanding of the complex interactions between the pathogen and human host. We investigated the contribution of EccE1, a membrane protein, to the function of the ESX-1 secretion system, the major virulence determinant of M. tuberculosis. By combining genetic analysis of selected mutants with eukaryotic cell biology and proteomics, we demonstrate that EccE1 is critical for ESX-1 function, secretion of effector proteins and pathogenesis. Our research improves knowledge of the molecular basis of M. tuberculosis virulence and enhances our understanding of pathogenesis.
New roles for two-component system response regulators ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi during host cell interactions
Authors: Murret-Labarthe Claudie , Kerhoas Maud , Dufresne Karine , Daigle France 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn order to survive external stresses, bacteria need to adapt quickly to changes in their environment. One adaptive mechanism is to coordinate and alter their gene expression by using two-component systems (TCS). TCS are composed of a sensor kinase that activates a transcriptional response regulator by phosphorylation. TCS are involved in motility, virulence, nutrient acquisition, and envelope stress in many bacteria. The pathogenic bacteriaSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi (S.Typhi) possess 30 TCSs, is specific to humans and causes typhoid fever. Here, we have deleted individually each of the 30 response regulators. We have determined their role during interaction with host cells (epithelial cells and macrophages). Deletion of most of the systems (24 out of 30) resulted in a significantly change during infection, either lower or higher than the wild-type strain. We have identified 32 new phenotypes associated with TCS ofS.Typhi. Some previously known phenotypes associated with TCSs inSalmonellawere also confirmed. We have also uncovered phenotypic divergence betweenSalmonellaserovars as distinct phenotypes betweenS.Typhi andS.Typhimurium were identified forcpxR. This highlight the importance of specifically studyingS.Typhi to understand its pathogenesis mechanisms and to develop strategies to potentially reduce typhoid infections.
Genome-wide Analysis In Response to N and C Identifies New Regulators for root AtNRT2 Transporters
Authors: Ruffel Sandrine , Chaput Valentin , Przybyla-Toscano Jonathan , Fayos Ian , Ibarra Catalina , Moyano Tomas , Fizames Cécile , Tillard Pascal , O’Brien Jose Antonio , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. , Gojon Alain , Lejay Laurence 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn Arabidopsis thaliana, the High-Affinity Transport System (HATS) for root NO3- uptake depends mainly on four NRT2 transporters, namely NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.4 and NRT2.5. The HATS is the target of many regulations to coordinate nitrogen (N) acquisition with the N status of the plant and with carbon (C) assimilation through photosynthesis. At the molecular level, C and N signaling pathways have been shown to control gene expression of the NRT2 transporters. Although several regulators of these transporters have been identified in response to either N or C signals, the response of NRT2 genes expression to the interaction of these signals has never been specifically investigated and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To address this question we used an original systems biology approach to model a regulatory gene network targeting NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.4 and NRT2.5 in response to N/C signals. Our systems analysis of the data highlighted the potential role of three putative transcription factors, TGA3, MYC1 and bHLH093. Functional analysis of mutants combined with yeast one hybrid experiments confirmed that all 3 transcription factors are regulators of NRT2.4 or NRT2.5 in response to N or C signals.One sentence summaryIdentification of three transcription factors involved in the regulation of NRT2s transporters using a systems biology approach and NRT2.1 as target gene in response to combinations of N/C treatments
Characterization ofC. difficilestrains isolated from companion animals and the associated changes in the host fecal microbiota
Authors: Thanissery R. , McLaren M.R. , Rivera A. , Reed Amber D. , Betrapally N.S. , Burdette T. , Winston J.A. , Jacob M. , Callahan B.J. , Theriot C.M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundClostridioides difficileis an enteric pathogen historically known to cause hospital associated (HA)-infections in humans. A major risk factor for CDI in humans is antibiotic usage as it alters the gut microbiota and there is a loss of colonization resistance againstC. difficile. In recent years there has been an increase in community associated (CA)-C. difficileinfection that does not have the same risk factors as HA-CDI. Potential sources of CA-CDI have been proposed and include animals, food, water, and the environment, however these sources remain poorly investigated. Here, we define the prevalence ofC. difficilestrains found in different companion animals (canines, felines, and equines) to investigate a potential zoonotic link.C. difficilestrains were identified by toxin gene profiling, fluorescent PCR ribotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 16s rRNA gene sequencing was done on animal feces to investigate the relationship between the presence ofC. difficileand the gut microbiota in different hosts.ResultsHere, we show thatC. difficilewas recovered from 20.9% of samples (42/201), which included 33 canines, 2 felines, and 7 equines. Over 69% (29/42) of the isolates were toxigenic and belonged to 14 different ribotypes, with overlap between HA- and CA-CDI cases in humans. The presence ofC. difficileresults in a shift in the fecal microbial community structure in both canines and equines. Commensal ClostridiaC. hiranoniswas negatively associated withC. difficilein canines. Further experimentation showed a clear antagonistic relationship between the two strainsin vitro, suggesting that commensalClostridiamight play a role in colonization resistance againstC. difficilein different hosts.ConclusionsIn this study we investigated a potentially important source ofC. difficiletransmission: the companion animal population.C. difficilecarriage was common in dogs, cats, and horses.C. difficileisolates from companion animals included many of the same ribotypes known to cause HA- and CA-CDI in humans, and had similar antimicrobial resistance profiles as those isolated from human populations. These data contribute to our understanding of non-hospital exposure toC. difficilein the human population and suggest new avenues for reducingC. difficileprevalence in companion animals and, perhaps, thereby reducing CA-CDI in humans.
Transcriptomic signature of rapidly evolving immune genes in a highland fish
Authors: Tong Chao , Li Miao , Zhao Kai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent genome-wide studies have begun to elucidate the genomic basis of hypoxia, long-term cold and high saline and alkaline adaptation in highland fish, and a number of key genes contributed to its highland adaptation were identified. An increasing number of studies indicated that immune genes of Tibetan endemic fish species underwent positive selection towards functional shift, while the insight into immune gene repertoire of Tibetan highland fishes from genome-wide studies has largely lagged behind. In this study, we performed one of the first comparative genomics study in particular focusing on the signatures of immune genes in a highland fish, Gymnocypris przewalskii based on immune-relevant tissue transcriptome assemblies. We identified seven putative rapidly evolving immune genes with elevated molecular evolutionary rate (dN/dS) relative to lowland fish species. Using tissue-transcriptome data, we found most of rapidly evolving immune genes were broadly expressed in head-kidney, spleen, gills and skin tissues, which significantly enriched for complement activation and inflammatory response processes. In addition, we found a set of complement activation related genes underwent accelerated evolution and showed consistently repressed expression patterns in response to parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection. Moreover, we detected a number of immune genes involved in adaptive immune system exhibited distinct signature of upregulated expression patterns after parasite infection. Taken together, this study provided putative transcriptomic signatures of rapidly evolving immune genes, and will gain the insight into Schizothoracine fish adaptation to high-altitude extreme aquatic environments including diversified pathogen challenge.
Identification of a missense ARSA mutation in metachromatic leukodystrophy and its potential pathogenic mechanism
Authors: Guo Liyuan , Jin Bo , Zhang Yidan , Wang Jing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe most common type of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an inherited lysosomal disorder caused by recessive mutations in ARSA. The biological process of MLD disease caused by candidate pathogenic mutations in the ARSA gene remains unclear.MethodsWe used whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing to identify the pathogenic mutation in a Chinese family. Literature review and protein three-dimensional structure prediction were performed to analyse the potential pathogenesis of the identified mutations. Overexpression cell models of wild-type and mutated ARSA genes were constructed to obtain expression profiles, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), hub gene detection and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were carried out to compare the biological changes caused by candidate pathogenic mutations.ResultsWe identified an ARSA c.925G>A homozygous mutation from a Chinese late-infantile MLD patient, the first report of this mutation in Asia. According to the literature and protein structure analysis, three mutations of c.925G (c.925G>A, c.925G>T, c.925G>C) in the ARSA gene were pathogenic. The transcriptome of four ARSA overexpression cell models (c.925G, c.925G>A, c.925G>T, c.925G>C) were analysed by WGCNA, Hub genes and PPI complexes.RNA-seq and bioinformatics results indicate that the mutations at c.925G cause comprehensive molecular changes related to energy metabolism, ion binding, vesicle transport and transport.ConclusionWe identified a pathogenic mutation, ARSA homozygosity c.925G>A, from a Chinese MLD family. All three mutations of c.925G in the ARSA gene are pathogenic and may cause disease by dysregulating the molecular processes of ion binding, vesicle transport and ion transport.