bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EGFR/PPARδ/HSP90 pathway mediates cancer cell metabolism and chemoresistance
Authors: Gou Qian , Zhang Wenbo , Xu Ying , Jin Jianhua , Liu Qian , Hou Yongzhong , Shi Juanjuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induces peroxisome‐proliferator‐activated receptor‐δ (PPARδ)‐Y108 phosphorylation, while it is unclear the effect of phosphorylation of PPARδ on cancer cell metabolism. Here we found that EGF treatment increased its protein stability by inhibiting its lysosomal dependent degradation, which was reduced by gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor) treatment. PPARδ‐Y108 phosphorylation in response to EGF recruited HSP90 (heat shock protein 90) to PPARδ resulting in increased PPARδ stability. In addition, PPARδ‐Y108 phosphorylation promoted cancer cell metabolism, proliferation, and chemoresistance. Therefore, this study revealed a novel molecular mechanism of EGFR/HSP90/PPARδ pathway‐mediated cancer cell metabolism, proliferation, and chemoresistance, which provides a strategy for cancer treatment.
Retinoic acid increases phagocytosis of myelin by macrophages
Authors: Wu Siyu , Romero‐Ramírez Lorenzo , Mey Jörg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTraumatic injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) are followed by the accumulation of cellular debris including proteins and lipids from myelinated fiber tracts. Insufficient phagocytic clearance of myelin debris influences the pathological process because it induces inflammation and blocks axonal regeneration. We investigated whether ligands of nuclear receptor families retinoic acid receptors (RARs), retinoid X receptors, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors, lipid X receptors, and farnesoid X receptors increase myelin phagocytosis by murine bone marrow–derived macrophages and Raw264.7 cells. Using in vitro assays with 3,3′‐dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate‐ and pHrodo‐labeled myelin we found that the transcriptional activator all‐transretinoic acid (RA)enhanced endocytosis of myelin involving the induction of tissue transglutaminase‐2. The RAR‐dependent increase of phagocytosis was not associated with changes in gene expression of receptors FcγR1, FcγR2b, FcγR3, TREM2, DAP12, CR3, or MerTK. The combination of RA and myelin exposure significantly reduced the expression of M1 marker genes inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin‐1β and increased expression of transmembrane proteins CD36 and ABC‐A1, which are involved in lipid transport and metabolism. The present results suggest an additional mechanism for therapeutic applications of RA after CNS trauma. It remains to be studied whether endogenous RA‐signaling regulates phagocytosis in vivo.
Targeted epigenetic modulation using a DNA‐based histone deacetylase inhibitor enhances cardiomyogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Lee Jin‐A , An Jieun , Taniguchi Junichi , Kashiwazaki Gengo , Pandian Ganesh N. , Parveen Nazia , Kang Tong Mook , Sugiyama Hiroshi , De Debojyoti , Kim Kyeong Kyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe epigenome has an essential role in orchestrating transcriptional activation and modulating key developmental processes. Previously, we developed a library of pyrrole‐imidazole polyamides (PIPs) conjugated with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, for the purpose of sequence‐specific modification of epigenetics. Based on the gene expression profile of SAHA‐PIPs and screening studies using the α‐myosin heavy chain promoter‐driven reporter and SAHA–PIP library, we identified that SAHA–PIP G activates cardiac‐related genes. Studies in mouse ES cells showed that SAHA–PIP G could enhance the generation of spontaneous beating cells, which is consistent with upregulation of several cardiac‐related genes. Moreover, ChIP‐seq results confirmed that the upregulation of cardiac‐related genes is highly correlated with epigenetic activation, relevant to the sequence‐specific binding of SAHA–PIP G. This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrating the applicability of SAHA–PIP not only improves our understanding of epigenetic alterations involved in cardiomyogenesis but also provides a novel chemical‐based strategy for stem cell differentiation.
Outcomes of patients with cobalamin C deficiency: A single center experience
Authors: Bourque Danielle K. , Mellin‐Sanchez Lizbeth E. , Bullivant Garrett , Cruz Vivian , Feigenbaum Anette , Hewson Stacy , Raiman Julian , Schulze Andreas , Siriwardena Komudi , Mercimek‐Andrews Saadet 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiallelic variants in MMACHC results in the combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, called cobalamin (cbl) C (cblC) deficiency. We report 26 patients with cblC deficiency with their phenotypes, genotypes, biochemical parameters, and treatment outcomes, who were diagnosed and treated at our center. We divided all cblC patients into two groups: group 1: SX group: identified after manifestations of symptoms (n = 11) and group 2: NB group: identified during the asymptomatic period via newborn screening (NBS) or positive family history of cblC deficiency (n = 15). All patients in the SX group had global developmental delay and/or cognitive dysfunction at the time of the diagnosis and at the last assessment. Seizure, stroke, retinopathy, anemia, cerebral atrophy, and thin corpus callosum in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were common in patients in the SX group. Global developmental delay and cognitive dysfunction was present in nine patients in the NB group at the last assessment. Retinopathy, anemia, and cerebral atrophy and thin corpus callosum in brain MRI were less frequent. We report favorable outcomes in patients identified in the neonatal period and treated pre‐symptomatically. Identification of cblC deficiency by NBS is crucial to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.
SARS‐CoV‐2 in Argentina: Lockdown, mobility, and contagion
Authors: Larrosa Juan M. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a debate in Argentina about the effectiveness of mandatory lockdown policies containing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 disease. This policy has already 6 months long making it one of the longest in the world. The population effort to comply with the lockdown has been decreasing over time given the economic and social costs that it entails. This contribution analyzes the relationship between mobility and contagion in Argentina at a provincial level. It also models issues of internal political discussion on regional contagion and the effect of protests and unexpected crowd events. I use pool, fixed, and random effects panel data modeling and results show that lockdown in Argentina has been effective in reducing mobility but not in a way that reduces the rate of contagion. Strict lockdown seems to be effective in short periods of time and but extend it without complementary mitigation measures it losses effectiveness. The contagion rate seems to be discretely displaced in time and resurges amidst slowly increasing in mobility.
Performance of an active fixation bipolar left ventricular lead vs passive fixation quadripolar leads in cardiac resynchronization therapy, a randomized trial
Authors: Keilegavlen Havard , Schuster Peter , Hovstad Thomas , Faerestrand Svein 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundUsage of active fixation bipolar left ventricular (LV) leads represents an alternative approach to the more commonly used passive fixation quadripolar leads in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We compared a bipolar LV lead with a side screw for active fixation and passive fixation quadripolar LV leads.MethodsSixty‐two patients were before CRT implantations randomly allocated to receive a bipolar (n = 31) or quadripolar (n = 31) LV leads. Speckle‐tracking radial strain echocardiography was used to define the LV segment with latest mechanical activation as the target LV segment. The electrophysiological measurements and the capability to obtain a proximal position in a coronary vein placed over the target segment were assessed.ResultsUpon implantation, the quadripolar lead demonstrated a lower pacing capture threshold than the bipolar lead, but at follow‐up, there was no difference. There were no differences in the LV lead implant times or radiation doses. The success rate in reaching the target location was not significantly different between the two LV leads.ConclusionsThe pacing capture thresholds were low, with no significant difference between active fixation bipolar leads and quadripolar leads. Active fixation leads did not promote a more proximal location of the stimulating electrode or a higher grade of concordance to the target segment than passive fixation leads.
Investigating and dealing with publication bias and other reporting biases in meta‐analyses of health research: A review
Authors: Page Matthew J. , Sterne Jonathan A. C. , Higgins Julian P. T. , Egger Matthias 
Published: November 2020

A P value, or the magnitude or direction of results can influence decisions about whether, when, and how research findings are disseminated. Regardless of whether an entire study or a particular study result is unavailable because investigators considered the results to be unfavorable, bias in a meta‐analysis may occur when available results differ systematically from missing results. In this article, we summarize the empirical evidence for various reporting biases that lead to study results being unavailable for inclusion in systematic reviews, with a focus on health research. These biases include publication bias and selective nonreporting bias. We describe processes that systematic reviewers can use to minimize the risk of bias due to missing results in meta‐analyses of health research, such as comprehensive searches and prospective approaches to meta‐analysis. We also outline methods that have been designed for assessing risk of bias due to missing results in meta‐analyses of health research, including using tools to assess selective nonreporting of results, ascertaining qualitative signals that suggest not all studies were identified, and generating funnel plots to identify small‐study effects, one cause of which is reporting bias.Highlights
Bias in a meta‐analysis may occur when available results differ systematically from missing results.
Several different tools, plots, and statistical methods have been designed for assessing risk of bias due to missing results in meta‐analyses. These include comparison of prespecified analysis plans with completed reports to detect selective nonreporting of results, consideration of qualitative signals that suggest not all studies were identified, and the use of funnel plots to identify small‐study effects, for which reporting bias is one of several causes.
Information from approaches such as funnel plots and selection models is more difficult to interpret than from less subjective approaches such as detection of incompletely reported results in studies for which prespecified analysis plans were available.
Thresholdless Transition to Coherent Emission at Telecom Wavelengths from Coaxial Nanolasers with Excitation Power Dependent β‐Factors
Authors: Kreinberg Sören , Laiho Kaisa , Lohof Frederik , Hayenga William E. , Holewa Pawel , Gies Christopher , Khajavikhan Mercedeh , Reitzenstein Stephan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ongoing miniaturization of semiconductor lasers has enabled ultra‐low threshold devices and even provided a path to approach thresholdless lasing with linear input–output characteristics. Such nanoscale lasers have initiated a discourse on the origin of the physical mechanisms involved and their boundaries, such as the required photon number, the importance of optimized light confinement in a resonator, and mode‐density enhancement. Here, high‐β metal‐clad coaxial nanolasers, which facilitate thresholdless lasing are investigated. Both the conventional lasing characteristics, as well as the photon statistics of the emitted light at 10 K under continuous wave excitation are experimentally and theoretically investigated. While the former lacks adequate information to determine the threshold to coherent radiation, the latter reveals a finite threshold pump power. The work confirms an important aspect of high‐β lasers, namely that a thresholdless laser does have a finite threshold pump power and must not be confused with a hypothetical zero‐threshold laser. Moreover, the results reveal an excitation power dependent β‐factor which needs to be taken into account to correctly describe the experimental data.
Broadband Antireflection with Halide Perovskite Metasurfaces
Authors: Baryshnikova Kseniia , Gets Dmitry , Liashenko Tatiana , Pushkarev Anatoly , Mukhin Ivan , Kivshar Yuri , Makarov Sergey 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMeta‐optics based on optically resonant dielectric nanostructures is a rapidly developing research field with many potential applications. Halide perovskite metasurfaces have emerged recently as a novel platform for meta‐optics, and they offer unique opportunities for control of light in optoelectronic devices. Here, the generalized Kerker conditions are employed to overlap electric and magnetic Mie resonances in each meta‐atom of MAPbBr3 perovskite metasurface, and broadband suppression of reflection down to 4% is demonstrated. Furthermore, it is revealed that metasurface nanostructuring is also beneficial for the enhancement of photoluminescence. These results may be useful for applications of nanostructured halide perovskites in photovoltaics and semi‐transparent multifunctional metadevices where reflection reduction is important for their high efficiency.
Dual‐band CRLH‐TL inspired antenna loaded with metasurface for airborne applications
Authors: Ameen Mohammad , Mishra Abinash , Chaudhary Raghvendra Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work explains the design of a dual‐band composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) inspired antenna combined with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)‐based metasurface (MS) reflector with improved bandwidth, gain, and beamwidth applicable for airborne applications. The electrical dimensions of the proposed CRLH‐TL inspired radiator antenna is 0.23λ0 × 0.30λ0 × 0.016λ0 at 3.08 GHz. The designed radiator antenna along with the AMC‐MS provides excellent unidirectional radiation pattern, extended bandwidths of 12.23% and 21.96%, improved gain values of 6.46 and 7.12 dBi for the two bands at centered at 3.27 and 5.11 GHz. Also, the MS loaded antenna provides positive gain values for theta = ±560 and ± 370 and for all phi values for the two bands at 3.44 and 5.23 GHz, respectively. Hence, the proposed MS antenna is useful for airborne applications working at 3.44 GHz S‐band and 5.23 GHz C‐band applications.
Real‐time motion and retrospective coil sensitivity correction for CEST using volumetric navigators (vNavs) at 7T
Authors: Poblador Rodriguez Esau , Moser Philipp , Auno Sami , Eckstein Korbinian , Dymerska Barbara , van der Kouwe Andre , Gruber Stephan , Trattnig Siegfried , Bogner Wolfgang 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo explore the impact of temporal motion‐induced coil sensitivity changes on CEST‐MRI at 7T and its correction using interleaved volumetric EPI navigators, which are applied for real‐time motion correction.MethodsFive healthy volunteers were scanned via CEST. A 4‐fold correction pipeline allowed the mitigation of (1) motion, (2) motion‐induced coil sensitivity variations, , (3) motion‐induced static magnetic field inhomogeneities, ΔB0, and (4) spatially varying transmit RF field fluctuations, . Four CEST measurements were performed per session. For the first 2, motion correction was turned OFF and then ON in absence of voluntary motion, whereas in the other 2 controlled head rotations were performed. During post‐processing was removed additionally for the motion‐corrected cases, resulting in a total of 6 scenarios to be compared. In all cases, retrospective ∆B0 and ‐ corrections were performed to compute artifact‐free magnetization transfer ratio maps with asymmetric analysis (MTRasym).ResultsDynamic correction successfully mitigated signal deviations caused by head motion. In 2 frontal lobe regions of volunteer 4, induced relative signal errors of 10.9% and 3.9% were reduced to 1.1% and 1.0% after correction. In the right frontal lobe, the motion‐corrected MTRasym contrast deviated 0.92%, 1.21%, and 2.97% relative to the static case for Δω = 1, 2, 3 ± 0.25 ppm. The additional application of correction reduced these deviations to 0.10%, 0.14%, and 0.42%. The fully corrected MTRasym values were highly consistent between measurements with and without intended head rotations.ConclusionTemporal cause significant CEST quantification bias. The presented correction pipeline including the proposed retrospective correction significantly reduced motion‐related artifacts on CEST‐MRI.
Balanced spin‐lock preparation for B1‐insensitive and B0‐insensitive quantification of the rotating frame relaxation time T1ρ
Authors: Gram Maximilian , Seethaler Michael , Gensler Daniel , Oberberger Johannes , Jakob Peter M. , Nordbeck Peter 
Published: November 2020

PurposeAccurate and artifact‐free T1ρ quantification is still a major challenge due to a susceptibility of the spin‐locking module to B0 and/or B1 field inhomogeneities. In this study, we present a novel spin‐lock preparation module (B‐SL) that enables an almost full compensation of both types of inhomogeneities.MethodsThe new B‐SL module contains a second 180° refocusing pulse to compensate each pulse in the preparation block by a corresponding pulse with opposite phase. For evaluation and validation of B‐SL, extensive simulations as well as phantom measurements were performed. Furthermore, the new module was compared to three common established compensation methods.ResultsBoth simulations and measurements demonstrate a much lower susceptibility to artifacts for the B‐SL module, therefore providing an improved accuracy in T1ρ quantification. In the presence of field inhomogeneities, measurements revealed an increased banding compensation by 79% compared with the frequently used composite module. The goodness of the mono‐exponential T1ρ fitting procedure was improved by 58%.ConclusionThe B‐SL preparation enables the generation of accurate relaxation maps with significantly reduced artifacts, even in the case of large field imperfections. Therefore, the B‐SL module is suggested to be highly beneficial for in vivo T1ρ quantification.
Microscopic defects as the limiting factor in the direct transmission of nanocoatings obtained through self‐assembly
Authors: Le Cunff Loïc O. , Kadiri Hind , Lérondel Gilles 
Published: November 2020

AbstractColloidal lithography is a very popular method to achieve large‐scale antireflective coatings. Those sometimes display large a falloff in direct transmission for short wavelengths, which has been linked to scattering. This work proposes, through finite‐difference time‐domain calculations of “supercells,” an explanation of those scattering losses by simulating crystalline defects much larger than the individual microstructures. The results are in agreement with the experimental data, suggesting those defects are indeed the driving force behind this scattering.
AMPS: Real‐time mesh cutting with augmented matrices for surgical simulations
Authors: Yeung Yu‐Hong , Pothen Alex , Crouch Jessica 
Published: November 2020

SummaryWe present the augmented matrix for principal submatrix update (AMPS) algorithm, a finite element solution method that combines principal submatrix updates and Schur complement techniques, well‐suited for interactive simulations of deformation and cutting of finite element meshes. Our approach features real‐time solutions to the updated stiffness matrix systems to account for interactive changes in mesh connectivity and boundary conditions. Updates are accomplished by an augmented matrix formulation of the stiffness equations to maintain its consistency with changes to the underlying model without refactorization at each timestep. As changes accumulate over multiple simulation timesteps, the augmented solution algorithm enables tens or hundreds of updates per second. Acceleration schemes that exploit sparsity, memoization and parallelization lead to the updates being computed in real time. The complexity analysis and experimental results for this method demonstrate that it scales linearly with the number of nonzeros of the factors of the stiffness matrix. Results for cutting and deformation of three‐dimensional (3D) elastic models are reported for meshes with up to 50 000 nodes, and involve models of surgery for astigmatism and the brain.
A fast temporal second‐order difference scheme for the time‐fractional subdiffusion equation
Authors: Sun Hong , Cao Wanrong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBy the sum‐of‐exponentials approximation and quadric interpolation, a fast(3 − α)‐order numerical formula has been presented to approximate the Caputo fractional derivative. With the use of the formula, an efficient difference method has been proposed for solving the time‐fractional diffusion equation (TFDE), which allows recursive computation and can significantly reduce the storage and computational cost. The stability and convergence of the difference method have been studied by the discrete energy method, and it is proved that the method can achieve(3 − α)‐order accuracy in time and second‐order accuracy in space. Furthermore, to deal with the TFDE with some weak singularities at the origin, a fast algorithm on graded meshes has been presented. Numerical examples verify the theoretical prediction and illustrate the efficiency of the schemes.
From women for women: The role of social media in online nonprofit activities during Wuhan lockdown
Authors: Li Yiran , Chandra Yanto , Nie Lin , Fan Yingying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article examines the role of social media in mitigating information asymmetry and coordination problems during COVID‐19 epidemic crisis. We use “Sisters‐Fight‐Epidemic” online volunteering project during the outbreak of COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China, as a case to demonstrate how social media plays a role as a mechanism in linking multiple stakeholders and shaping their actions during the epidemic response. We show that social media facilitates the self‐organizing processes of volunteers and develops the emergency information networks, therefore enabling a relatively efficient relief responses to the needs of epidemic victims particularly female medical workers. This article also identifies spontaneous online volunteering project as a new form of nonprofit organization and as a new emergent response group that can leverage the strengths of social media in disaster responses to enable effective coordination, initiate advocacy, and improve transparency of relief efforts.