bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deteksi Keberadaan Bakteri Patogen Dan Uji Kandungan Nutrisi Ikan Asap Asal Desa Tritiro Kabupaten Bulukumba
Authors: Adriani Adriani , Sitti Fahirah Arsal Andi , Adelia Adelia , Khatimah Husnul , Arifuddin Widiastini 
Published: December 2024

Ikan asap desa Tritiro termasuk produk unggulan desa yang proses pengolahannya masih dilakukan secara tradisional sehingga mudah terkontaminasi oleh mikroorganisme termasuk bakteri. mengenai deteksi keberadaan bakteri patogen kontaminan dan kandungan nutrisi pada ikan asap desa Tritiro belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeteksi keberadaan bakteri patogen kontaminan Vibrio sp, Salmonella sp dan Staphylococcus aureus) menggunakan uji mikrobiologi pada medium spesifik dan kandungan nutrisi pada ikan asap desa Tritiro menggunakan analisis luff schoorl, metode kjehdal, gravimetri dan kjehdal, dan atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Deteksi Vibrio sp dilakukan dengan cara inokulasi sampel pada medium Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose Agar (TCBS) dan Triptone Sucrose Tetrazolium Agar (TSTA). Deteksi Salmonella sp menggunakan medium Salmonella shigella agar (SSA) dan Xylosa Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (XLDA), sedangkan deteksi Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan medium Baird Parker Agar (BPA). Koloni yang tumbuh diamati morfologinya. Koloni yang memiliki ciri khas seperti bakteri target selanjutnya diidentifikasi
menggunakan Malditof. Analisis kadar karbohidrat dilakukan menggunakan metode luff schoorl, analisis kadar protein dengan metode Kjehdal, analisis kadar lemak menggunakan metode gravimetri dan analisis kalsium menggunakan AAS. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian mikrobiologi diketahui bahwa sampel ikan asap tidak mengandung bakteri Vibrio sp, Salmonella sp dan Staphylococcus aureus. Kandungan nutrisi ikan asap meliputi karbohidrat (0,52%), protein (33,47%), lemak (3,43%), dan kalsium (145,22 µg/gr). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ikan asap asal desa Tritiro tidak mengandung bakteri patogen kontaminan berdasarkan uji mikrobiologi dan kandungan nutrisinya meliputi karbohidrat, lemak, protein dan kalsium
Pemanfaatan Ikan Penja (Awaous melanocephalus) Sebagai Media Alternatif Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rafika Rafika , Pratama Ridho , Djasang Syahida , Mursalim Mursalim , Salsabila Andini Zhafira 
Published: December 2024

Ikan penja (Awous melanochepalus) mengandung protein dan garam yang cukup tinggi. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar protein ikan penja adalah sebesar 81%. Media MSA merupakan media selektif yang mengandung protein dan garam untuk menumbuhkan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ikan penja dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar dalam pembuatan media alternatif pengganti MSA dalam menumbuhkan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, melihat pengaruh variasi konsentrasi media alternatif terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, dan mengetahui konsentrasi yang paling efektif untuk digunakan. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen menggunakan sampel ikan penja. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan metode kultur bakteri. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisa data menggunakan Uji One-Way Anova. Hasil pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada media alternatif ikan penja menggunakan konsentrasi yang bervariasi, konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 2%, 3%, 5%, dan 6% dengan menggunakan media MSA sebagai kontrol positif. Selama proses inkubasi pertumbuhan bakteri pada media alternatif ikan penja dengan konsentrasi 5% dan 6% menunjukkan koloni yang besar dan bertumpuk, perubahan warna media juga terjadi lebih cepat dibandingkan media alternatif ikan penja dengan konsentrasi 2% dan 3%. Dengan hasil akhir bahwa ikan penja dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu bahan alam yang dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan media alternatif bagi pertumbuhan bakteri. Dapat disimpulkan media alternatif ikan penja konsentrasi yang paling efektif digunakan yaitu konsnetrasi 3%, karena koloninya hampir mirip dengan koloni pada media kontrol MSA
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT TANAMAN SEMANGKA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERACHY PROCESS DAN CERTAINTY FACTOR
Authors: Fadilah Syindy nur , Gunawan Harry , Iskandar Iskandar 
Published: December 2024

Penyakit pada tanaman semangka dapat menyebabkan kerugian besar bagi petani. Kurangnya informasi tentang penyakit ini berisiko memperparah kondisi tanaman. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, pengembangan sistem pakar diagnosis penyakit semangka menjadi solusi yang efektif. Sistem ini menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menetapkan bobot gejala berdasarkan perbandingan berpasangan dan Certainty Factor untuk menentukan tingkat keyakinan diagnosis. Berbasis web, sistem ini memudahkan akses dan memungkinkan petani melakukan diagnosis penyakit secara cepat dan akurat. Dengan sistem ini, petani dapat lebih efisien dalam menangani penyakit pada tanaman semangka, sehingga dapat mengurangi dampak negatif terhadap hasil panen serta membantu menjaga keberlanjutan usaha pertanian.
Kata Kunci : Sistem Pakar, Diagnosis, Penyakit Tanaman Semangka, Analytical
Hierarchy Process (AHP), dan Certainty Factor
Factores que influyen en la presencia de diabetes en pacientes del hospital Víctor Ramos Guardia – 2021
Authors: Varela Rojas Walter , Maldonado Leyva Hugo , Varela Rojas Amado 
Published: December 2024

La investigación se realizó con pacientes con diabetes, indicativo de salud en las naciones en crecimiento en función de factores biológicos, sociales y culturales, a fin de conocer los determinantes en la presencia de diabetes. Los factores asociados significativamente a la diabetes incluyen aspectos biológicos, como la edad (p = 0,006 < 0,01) y el peso (p = 0,025 < 0,05); factores culturales, como el nivel de instrucción (p = 0,017 < 0,05) y la dependencia (p < 0,05); y factores socioeconómicos, destacando el estado civil (p = 0,033 < 0,05) y los ingresos (p = 0,011 < 0,05). Los resultados también indican asociaciones significativas entre la diabetes y variables como la edad (p = 0,006), el peso (p = 0,025), el nivel educativo (p = 0,017), el estado civil (p = 0,033), los ingresos (p = 0,011) y la dependencia (p < 0,05). La probabilidad del paciente con diabetes mediante el modelo de regresión logística binaria fue: z = 2,618 + 1,00X1 + 1,327X2 + 2,572X3 + 1,639X4 1,034X5 + 2,800X6. El modelo predictivo obtenido fue validado mediante las pruebas de Hosmer-Lemeshow y Desviance, demostrando su adecuación al no presentar discrepancias significativas entre los datos observados y las predicciones. Con un punto de corte óptimo de 0,3125, se logró una tasa de clasificación correcta del 77,7%, con una especificidad del 78,4% y una sensibilidad del 83,5%. La superficie bajo la curva ROC (0,8524; IC 95%: 0,8181-0,9067) refleja una excelente capacidad discriminativa. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de abordar los factores de riesgo identificados para mejorar las estrategias de prevención y control de la diabetes en poblaciones vulnerables.
تنمية مهارات الكتابة باللغة الإنجليزية: دور برنامج الذكاء الاصطناعي جيمناي (Gemini) كمساعد تعليمي
Authors: ابتهال أسعد كشميري  , أمينة عامر الشهري  , أ.د. علياء عبد الله الجندي  
Published: December 2024

الملخص
تناولت الدراسة الحالية أداة الذكاء الاصطناعي متعددة الوسائط جيمناي ((Google Gemini باعتبارها إحدى أحدث الأدوات القائمة على نماذج اللغة الكبيرة (LLM) والقادرة على تنفيذ مهام متعددة في آن واحد. أحدثت (Gemini) تحولاً في طريقة الوصول إلى المعلومات والتفاعل معها من خلال تقديم استجابات أكثر دقة وضمن السياق، وذلك بالإضافة لسهولة استخدامها وفعاليتها، وذلك وفقاً لتقرير فريق جيمناي Gemini Team, 2023)). استهدفت الدراسة تقييم فاعلية استخدام (Google Gemini) في تنمية مهارات الكتابة باللغة الإنجليزية لدى طالبات الصف الثاني الثانوي. وقد تم تنفيذ البحث على عدة دورات باستخدام المنهج الإجرائي (Action Research)، حيث قامت الطالبات بتبادل الأفكار ضمن مجموعات، واستخدام البرنامج لتوليد أفكار حول المهام الكتابية المقررة عليهن. استُخدمت هذه الأفكار في صياغة الجُمل وتطبيق مهارات الكتابة المستهدفة. تم جمع البيانات باستخدام مقياس مهارات الكتابة باللغة الإنجليزية، والمقابلة الجماعية (المجموعة المركزة/ Focus Group)، مما أتاح تقييم تنمية مهارات الكتابة لدى الطالبات، والتعرف على آرائهن بعد استخدام الأداة. اثبتت النتائج بعد تقييم أداء الطالبات في الدورة الثالثة تحسناً في مهارات الكتابة باللغة الإنجليزية، وتطوراً في التعامل مع البرنامج وتنفيذ إعادة صياغة الأفكار بطريقة سليمة. كما وأن آراء الطالبات نحو التجربة والأداة كانت إيجابية.
المفاهيم الفلسفية للاتجاهات الفنية المعاصرة لإثراء الصياغات التشكيلية التعبيرية في النحت
Authors: د. منال مساعد الشريف  
Published: December 2024

يستعرض البحث العلاقة بين المفاهيم الفلسفية للاتجاهات الفنية المعاصرة ودورها في اثراء الصياغات التشكيلية التعبيرية في النحت ، وما يرتبط بها من تطور في الخامات والتقنيات و العديد من الأفكار الفنية المتعلقة بمفهوم الشكل النحتي وعناصر بناؤه في محاولة لإيجاد صياغات شكلية لبعض المفاهيم الفكرية والفلسفية وعلاقتها الجمالية بالشكل النحتي ، وذلك من خلال بعض الأعمال النحتية التي تمثل بعض المفاهيم للاتجاهات المعاصرة التي تم توظيفها لتثري الجمال والفلسفة وتثري التشكيل التعبيري عن طريق ستة محاور استعرضت الباحثة من خلالها بعض الاتجاهات النحتية المعاصرة ونشأتها وسماتها من ثم استعراض لبعض المفاهيم الفلسفية وتحليل لبعض الأعمال النحتية التي يظهر مدى الثراء التشكيلي التعبيري المضاف لها عن طريق بعض المفاهيم الفلسفية للاتجاهات المعاصرة وتطبيق التجربة الذاتية التي استنتجت من خلالها الباحثة ان النحات يستطيع التوصل الي صياغات تشكيلية من خلال المفاهيم الفلسفية للاتجاهات المعاصرة مما أضاف أبعاداً جديدة للرؤية في الأعمال الفنية النحتية وأرسى قواعد فنية متطورة في استخدام الخامات والأدوات وتقنياتها، وطرح حلولا معاصرة للتعبير عن الكتلة والفراغ كمكونات للإبداع الفني وأصبح للعمل النحتي والمشاهد لغة مشتركة للتواصل الفكري من خلال المضمون التعبيري الذي ينعكس على تذوق المشاهد من العمل النحتي واوصت الى ضرورة توجيه الاهتمام نحو دراسة الاتجاهات الفنية المعاصرة في مجال النحت، والمفاهيم الفلسفية لها والقيام بالدراسات والتجارب للاستفادة من أحدث المبتكرات في الخامات وتقنياتها في مجال النحت.
Influence of Entrepreneurship Education and Training and Business and Professional Infrastructure on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Palestinian Entrepreneurs
Authors: Mahmoud Tahboub  , Chokri Slim  
Published: December 2024

The impact of Entrepreneurship Education and Training (EET) and Business and Professional Infrastructure (BPI) on entrepreneurial intentions (EI) has garnered considerable attention from scholars for many years. The findings were largely consistent and suggested a positive impact of these factors on entrepreneurial intentions (EI). This quantitative study employed an online survey to collect data from participants using random sampling. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed on the data. The findings suggest that Palestinian entrepreneurs recognize the significance of Entrepreneurial Education and Training (EET) in enhancing their Entrepreneurial intentions (EI), and that those who have engaged with EET are more inclined to possess robust entrepreneurial intentions. The findings further suggest that access to suitable BPI favorably affects their EI and motivates them to initiate their own businesses. The study's findings provide significant insights for Palestinian policymakers and entrepreneurship stakeholders, as they demonstrate that the implementation of well-structured EET programs and the provision of an advanced BPI correlate with a favorable perception of entrepreneurship. Policymakers should endeavor to foster an educational and socio-economic climate, as well as a regulatory framework, that facilitates Palestinians in initiating, operating, and sustaining their businesses. The study's findings offer critical insights for Palestinian policymakers and entrepreneurship stakeholders in formulating effective EET programs to furnish Palestinians with essential entrepreneurial knowledge and to cultivate an attractive BPI that encourages the decision to pursue entrepreneurship, thereby aiming to transform Palestinian society into an entrepreneurial one.
Analisis Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Materi Stoikiometri Menggunakan Test Diagnostic Essay Berbantuan CRI
Authors: Novita Sari Delta , Nurhamidah  , Wiwit  
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui miskonsepsi siswa pada materi stoikiometri menggunakan instrumen test diagnostic essay berbantuan Certainty Of Response Index (CRI) di SMA Negeri 9 Kota Bengkulu. Sampel uji coba lapangan meliputi 24 siswa kelas X MIPA 1 dan sampel implementasi 27 siswa kelas X MIPA 2. Hasil validasi ahli menunjukkan seluruh butir soal valid, namun satu soal tidak direkomendasikan untuk digunakan karena tidak spesifik. Hasil uji validasi empiris diperoleh 17 butir soal fit dan 2 butir soal misfit dari 19 butir soal yang diuji cobakan. Hasil uji daya beda diperoleh 19 butir soal yang diuji cobakan termasuk dalam kategori daya beda bagus dengan nilai logit standar error (SE) 19 butir soal < 0,5. Hasil penelitian didapatkan, miskonsepsi siswa secara keseluruhan sebesar 25% tergolong dalam kategori rendah. Miskonsepsi tertinggi terletak pada konsep penentuan massa produk, dengan persentase miskonsepsi sebesar 52% termasuk dalam kategori sedang.

Kata kunci: miskonsepsi, test diagnostic essay, stoikiometri.
Tillage practices affect soil moisture conservation and productivity of arugula (Eruca sativa L.) in hill torrent affected areas of Punjab
Authors: Nawaz Faheem , Mubeen Khuram , Ikram Rao M. , Jamshaid Muhammad U. , Aziz Mudassir , Ehsan Fahid , Khaliq Abdul , Irshad Sohail 
Published: December 2024

The use of the right tillage technique can help promote higher earnings, crop productivity, soil improvement, and the most effective use of available water resources. The field experiment was conducted in the Vidor Hill torrent command area of Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan during the winter of 2021-22. In this experiment, tillage treatments including cultivator and rotavator were assessed as follows i.e. T1= 2-times cultivator (farmer practice), T2=3-times cultivator, T3=2-times cultivator + rotavator, T4= cultivator + rotavator. The trial was laid out under RCBD and treatments in the experiment were repeated thrice. Soil moisture % and yield parameters including number of siliquae plant-1, 1000 seed weight (g), biological yield (kg ha-1), seed yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index (%) were estimated as per standard procedures. The means were tested for significance using HSD Tuckey’s test at a 5 % probability level. Results showed that the highest soil moisture conservation, number of siliquae per plant (106.41), number of seeds per siliquae (21.39), seed yield (570 kg ha-1) and harvest index (32.92%) were noticed from the farmer practice i.e. 2 times cultivator. Whereas, statistically comparative results were also observed from the treatment such as 2 times cultivator combined with rotavator at Vidor hill torrent command area of Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan. Under 2 times cultivator (Farmer Practice), the benefit-cost ratio (1.41) was highest as compared to the benefit-cost ratio (1.28) observed from 2 times cultivator accompanied with a rotavator. Among newly tested tillage treatments 2 times cultivator followed by rotavator showed promising results in hill torrents-based arugula production. Hence under the prevailing agro normals, farmers of hill torrent-based production systems may use 2 times cultivator for land preparation for better arugula productivity in hill torrent-based crop production systems.
Circulating irisin levels in patients with MAFLD: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Chenglu , Wu Kaihan , Ke Yani , Zhang Qin , Chen Shuaihang , Li Qicong , Ruan Yuting , Yang Xudan , Liu Shan , Hu Jie 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveCurrent research suggests that irisin is closely linked to the pathogenesis and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This systematic review and meta-analysis updates our previous meta-analysis and further explores the relevance between circulating irisin levels and MAFLD.MethodsNine databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu, CBM, Clinicaltrials.gov and gray literature) were retrieved as of 1st August, 2024. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) represent pooled effect size. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to evaluate the quality of articles and the certainty of evidence assessed by GRADE system. All statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12(Stata Corporation, yi TX).ResultsFifteen case-control studies were included. Circulating irisin levels in the MAFLD group were markedly lower than those in the healthy group (SMD=-1.04 [-1.93, -0.14]). Subgroup analyses by race, age, severity and T2DM revealed that circulating irisin levels were lower in the MAFLD group compared to those in the healthy controls in the Asian population (SMD=-1.38 [-2.44, -0.31], P&lt;0.05) and in those above 50 years old (SMD=-2.23 [-3.64, -0.81], P&lt;0.05) and higher in the mild MAFLD groups than those in moderate to severe MAFLD groups (SMD = 11.68 [9.05, 14.31], P&lt;0.05). And the circulating irisin levels in MAFLD patients with T2DM were significantly lower than those in healthy group (SMD = -2.90 [-4.49, -1.30]). ELISA kits from different companies also presented different relationships.ConclusionsThere were significantly lower circulating irisin levels in the MAFLD group than in the healthy control group. Although these results differed from our previous results, there is no denying that circulating irisin levels are closely associated with the advancement of MAFLD.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the risk of obstructive coronary artery disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients based on LDL-C, Th17 cells, and IL-17
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Li Baochen , Wei Ruipeng , Hu Bin , Feng Yuming , Yang Bin , Rong Shuling , Li Bao 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting the risk of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), incorporating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Th17 cells, and interleukin (IL)-17 levels. The proposed model seeks to enable personalized cardiovascular risk assessment for RA patients, thereby optimizing clinical management strategies.MethodsA total of 120 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2019 and September 2023 were enrolled in this study. Based on coronary angiography results, patients were categorized into the RA-obstructive CAD group and the RA-non-obstructive CAD group. Additionally, 53 healthy controls (HC group) were included. Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, and cytokine levels were collected for analysis. Univariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with RA-obstructive CAD. These variables were further refined using a random forest model for optimal selection. Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with the selected variables to develop a nomogram model, which was subsequently validated to assess its performance.ResultsCompared with the RA-non-obstructive CAD group, the RA-obstructive CAD group demonstrated significantly elevated levels of immune cell subsets, such as Th17 cells, and cytokines, including IL-17, IL-2, and IL-4, along with a reduction in Treg cells. (2) In the training cohort, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified LDL-C (OR = 0.04, P &lt; 0.001), Th17 cells (OR = 0.76, P = 0.005), and IL-17 (OR = 0.75, P = 0.001) as independent risk factors for obstructive CAD in RA patients. Subsequently, a predictive nomogram model for RA-obstructive CAD risk was developed based on these indicators, incorporating LDL-C, Th17 cells, and IL-17.ConclusionThis study developed a predictive nomogram for RA-obstructive CAD by combining traditional risk factors, such as LDL-C, with immune biomarkers Th17 and IL-17. The model demonstrated robust predictive accuracy, enabling more precise risk assessment of CAD in RA patients. It offers clinicians a valuable tool for advancing cardiovascular risk management in RA, underscoring its significant potential for clinical application.
Ocular adverse events associated with antibody-drug conjugates: a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Chen Heng , He Gefei , Huang Juanjuan , Hu Lin , Ma Junlong 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionAntibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are increasingly utilized in patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, the adverse ocular toxicity induced by ADCs has not been comprehensively evaluated in real-world clinical settings.MethodsData from April 2019 to March 2024 based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) were extracted and analyzed. Disproportionality analysis was used to evaluate the association between ADCs and ocular adverse events (AEs). The median time to onset (TTO) of various ADCs was compared.ResultsA comprehensive analysis identified 2,686 ocular AEs associated with ADCs. Among these, Tisotumab vedotin had the most positive signals at the preferred terms (PTs) level, followed by trastuzumab emtansine and enfortumab vedotin. In contrast, gemtuzumab ozogamicin demonstrated minimal ocular toxicity signals. Cluster analysis revealed that ADC-related ocular toxicities predominantly manifested as corneal disorders or ocular neuromuscular disorders. The median onset of ocular toxicity varied considerably, with enfortumab vedotin showing the earliest median onset at 12.5 days.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the association between ADCs and ocular AEs based on real-world data, providing valuable guidance for clinicians when prescribing ADCs. And we found some important safety signals that have not been mentioned in the label or previous studies.
Reduced durability of hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised children
Authors: Zhong Youjia , Kottaiswamy Amuthavalli , Ang Chen Xiang , Li Hui’ En , Yap Gaik Chin , Tay Carina J. X. , Osman Nurul Elyana , Roslan Siti Namirah Binte , Tan Chee Wah , Yap Wee Chee , Ang Elizabeth Y. , Chan Ng Pauline P. L. , Yap Hui Kim , Lu Liangjian , Aw Marion M. , Karthik Sivaraman V. , Quak Seng Hock , Quah Thuan Chong , Tham Elizabeth H. , Shek Lynette P. , Ooi Eng Eong 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundIn endemic COVID-19, immunocompromised children are vulnerable until vaccinated but the optimal primary vaccination regime and need for booster doses remains uncertain.MethodsWe recruited 19 immunocompromised children (post-solid organ transplantation, have autoimmune disease or were on current or recent chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia), and followed them from the start of primary vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 until 1-year post-vaccination. We investigated the quality of vaccine immunogenicity, and longevity of hybrid immunity, in comparison to healthy children.ResultsImmunocompromised children failed to produce T cell and memory B cell (MBC) responses reaching thresholds of protection after 2 doses; a third dose however improved both responses. Initially robust hybrid immunity demonstrated significantly more decline in T cell and MBC responses in immunocompromised compared to healthy children, to levels below the protective threshold by month 12.DiscussionImmunocompromised children may benefit from a 3-dose primary vaccination regime, with yearly or twice-yearly booster doses for sustained immunity.