bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of Random Variation of Pesticide Residue Analytical Results
Authors: Ambrus Árpád , Kerekes Kata , Szemánné-Dobrik Henriet , Domák Zsuzsanna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Pesticide residues are analyzed in thousands of samples yearly by national authorities and private laboratories. Intensive research is ongoing to develop new methods or improve existing ones concentrating on extraction, cleanup, and detection techniques. Little attention has been paid to the contribution of prior steps in the determination process to overall laboratory sampling errors, though several publications demonstrate their practical importance. Consequently, the repeatability and reproducibility of the results are often reported based on the recovery tests alone. A few previous publications are cited in this paper which illustrate the magnitude of random errors derived from subsampling, comminution of analytical samples, and selection of small test portions.

Objectives
We aim to call attention to the importance of considering all steps of laboratory sampling and analysis processes in calculating the combined uncertainty of results and realistic performance assessments of methods including their long-term intermediate precision.

Method
Validation of laboratory sampling of large fruits is used to illustrate the recommended procedures, determination of their random error, and long-term method performance.

Results
The results indicate that subsampling, comminution, and selection of test portions can be major contributors to the combined uncertainty of results.

Conclusions
All these steps should be considered in estimation of random variation (uncertainty) of measured residues.

Highlights
Random error of laboratory sampling for pesticide residues. Mass reduction of large crop units. Internal quality control of laboratory operations.
Validation of the Legionella pneumophila SG1 DETECT Kit for Quantification of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Bacteria in Potable Waters, Process Waters, and Surface Waters: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 052002
Authors: Keserue Hans-Anton , Cornillie Nathalie , Ehlert Anna-Katharina , Mills Dominic C , Morger Damien , Piffaretti Andrea , Schaffhauser Daniel F , Schwyzer Irène I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The L.p.SG1 DETECT Kit is a rapid, quantitative method for the detection and enumeration of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (L.p. SG1) bacteria from different water matrixes. The method is based on a combination of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and flow cytometric (FCM) quantification. To this end, the method employs magnetic particles conjugated to anti-L.p. SG1 antibodies for the IMS of the target bacteria from environmental matrices and fluorescently labeled anti-L.p. SG1 antibodies for subsequent quantification by FCM. The IMS can be performed either manually with a magnetic rack (rqmicro.MIMS) or automated with the rqmicro.STREAM sample preparation instrument. Compared to the reference method ISO 11731:2017, which is based on culturing and enumeration of colony forming units (CFU) on agar plates, and can take up to 10 days until results are available, analysis with the L.p. SG1 DETECT Kit is culture-independent and delivers results within 2 h. This Performance Tested Method validation study demonstrates a robust method with recoveries exceeding 69%, inclusivity of 100%, exclusivity of 97.2%, and a shelf life of at least 6 months at 4°C or 40 days at 25°C. The Limit of Detection (LOD) was determined at 21 CFU/L and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) at 80 CFU/L for potable water using the rqmicro.STREAM. The matrix study across three different types of water matrixes (potable, surface, and industrial process water), demonstrates superior repeatability and reproducibility, as well as equivalent or even superior detection of L.p. SG1 bacteria compared to the standard ISO 11731 method.
Effect of Chemical Pollution and Parasitism on Heat Tolerance in Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)
Authors: González-Tokman Daniel , Gil-Pérez Yorleny , Servín-Pastor Mariana , Alvarado Fredy , Escobar Federico , Baena-Díaz Fernanda , García-Robledo Carlos , Martínez-M. Imelda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEcosystem services provided by insects are threatened by recent increasing global temperatures, particularly in the tropics, where insects live close to their thermal limits. Given that tolerance to high temperatures depends on individual metabolism and physiological stress response, it may also be sensitive to other stressors that are common in natural and human-modified environments, such as pollution and parasite pressure. The effects of multiple stressors could be synergistic and can be particularly relevant in insects that provide highly valuable ecosystem services, such as dung beetles in cattle pastures. Here we measured heat tolerance (critical thermal maximum, CTmax) in dung beetles exposed to ivermectin, a toxic parasiticide excreted in cattle dung, with known negative effects on coprophagous fauna, and in beetles exposed to an immune challenge. We also exposed a group of beetles to a combination of both ivermectin and immune challenge to test for potential synergistic effects of both stressors. Contrary to our predictions, CTmax did not change with ivermectin exposure, but increased in immune-challenged beetles. As found in other insects, CTmax was higher in larger beetles, highlighting the importance of body size on thermal tolerance in ectotherms. We discuss potential mechanisms responsible of increased heat tolerance in immune-challenged beetles and highlight the importance of natural and human-induced environmental pressures that now interact with global warming and threaten ecosystem services provided by wild animals.
Brief collaborative care intervention to reduce perceived unmet needs in highly distressed breast cancer patients: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Akechi Tatsuo , Momino Kanae , Katsuki Fujika , Yamashita Hiroko , Sugiura Hiroshi , Yoshimoto Nobuyasu , Wanifuchi-Endo Yumi , Toyama Tatsuya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesOur newly developed brief collaborative care intervention program has been suggested to be effective in reducing breast cancer patients’ unmet needs and psychological distress; however, there has been no controlled trial to investigate its effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the program in relation to patients’ perceived needs and other relevant outcomes for patients including quality of life, psychological distress and fear of recurrence (Clinical trial register; UMIN-CTR, Clinical registration number; R5172).MethodsFifty-nine highly distressed breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy were randomly assigned either to a treatment as usual group or to a collaborative care intervention, consisting of four sessions that mainly included assessment of the patients’ perceived needs, learning skills of problem-solving treatment for coping with unmet needs and psycho-education provided by trained nurses supervised by a psycho-oncologist.ResultsAlthough &gt;80% of the eligible patients agreed to participate, and &gt;90% of participants completed the intervention, there were no significant differences with regard to patients’ needs, quality of life, psychological distress and fear of recurrence, both at 1 and 3 months after intervention.ConclusionNewly developed brief collaborative care intervention program was found to be feasible and acceptable. The trial, however, failed to show the effectiveness of the program on patients’ relevant subjective outcomes. Further intervention program having both brevity and sufficient intensity should be developed in future studies.
“Musique cannibale”: The Evolving Sound of Indigeneity in Heitor Villa-Lobos’s Tres poêmas indigenas
Authors: Burns Chelsea 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Heitor Villa-Lobos’s Tres poêmas indigenas (1926, published 1929) provide an unusual image of Brazilian indigeneity: in three short songs, he creates a narrative of progress, one that ends with redefining himself and modernist colleague Mário de Andrade as Amerindian. The first two songs set melodies collected in 1557 and 1912, the third a new poem by Andrade (1926). The set begins with a narrow pitch collection, thin textures, and ostinatos and ends with a lied-like approach to text–music relations. In this way, Villa-Lobos creates an evolving image of Amerindian music-making that capitalizes on Indianist fantasies while redefining indigeneity as encompassing even the most modern and urbane Brazilians.
Anomalous strain effect on the thermal conductivity of low-buckled two-dimensional silicene
Authors: Ding Bin , Li Xiaoyan , Zhou Wuxing , Zhang Gang , Gao Huajian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The thermal conductivity of two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, typically decreases when tensile strain is applied, which softens their phonon modes. Here, we report an anomalous strain effect on the thermal conductivity of monolayer silicene, a representative low-buckled two-dimensional (LB-2D) material. ReaxFF-based molecular dynamics simulations are performed to show that biaxially stretched monolayer silicene exhibits a remarkable increase in thermal conductivity, by as much as 10 times the freestanding value, with increasing applied strain in the range of [0, 0.1], which is attributed to increased contributions from long-wavelength phonons. A further increase in strain in the range of [0.11, 0.18] results in a plateau of the thermal conductivity in an oscillatory manner, governed by a unique dynamic bonding behavior under extreme loading. This anomalous effect reveals new physical insights into the thermal properties of LB-2D materials and may provide some guidelines for designing heat management and energy conversion devices based on such materials.
A First Look at the Impact of COVID-19 on Commercial Real Estate Prices: Asset-Level Evidence
Authors: Ling David C , Wang Chongyu , Zhou Tingyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This is the first paper to examine how the COVID-19 shock transmitted from the asset markets to capital markets. Using a novel measure of the exposure of commercial real estate (CRE) portfolios to the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases (GeoCOVID), we find a one-standard-deviation increase in GeoCOVID on day t-1 is associated with a 0.24 to 0.93 percentage points decrease in abnormal returns over 1- to 3-day windows. There is substantial variation across property types. Local and state policy interventions helped to moderate the negative return impact of GeoCOVID. However, there is little evidence that reopenings affected the performance of CRE markets.
Patients’ and Physicians’ Knowledge of Radiation Exposure Related to Spine Surgery
Authors: Scott Michelle C. , Galivanche Anoop R. , Mets Elbert J. , Pathak Neil , Kahan Joseph B. , Burroughs Patrick J. , Varthi Arya G. , Rubin Lee E. , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: August 2020

Study Design.
Cross-sectional survey.

Objective.
Examine patients’ and physicians’ estimates of radiation exposure related to spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Patients are commonly exposed to radiation when undergoing spine surgery. Previous studies suggest that patients and physicians have limited knowledge about radiation exposure in the outpatient setting. This has not been assessed for intraoperative imaging.

Methods.
A questionnaire was developed to assess awareness/knowledge of radiation exposure in outpatient and intraoperative spine care settings. Patients and surgeons estimated chest radiograph (CXR) equivalent radiation from: cervical and lumbar radiographs (anterior-posterior [AP] and lateral), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), intraoperative fluoroscopy, and intraoperative CT (O-arm). Results were compared to literature-reported radiation doses.

Results.
Overall, 100 patients and 26 providers completed the survey. Only 31% of patients were informed about outpatient radiation exposure, and only 23% of those who had undergone spine surgery had been informed about intraoperative radiation exposure. For lumbar radiographs, patients and surgeons underestimated CXR-equivalent radiation exposures: AP by five-fold (P < 0.0001) and seven-fold (P < 0.0001), respectively, and lateral by three-fold (P < 0.0001) and four-fold (P = 0.0002), respectively. For cervical CT imaging, patients and surgeons underestimated radiation exposure by 18-fold (P < 0.0001) and two-fold (P = 0.0339), respectively. For lumbar CT imaging, patients and surgeons underestimated radiation exposure by 31-fold (P < 0.0001) and three-fold (P = 0.0001), respectively. For intraoperative specific cervical and lumbar imaging, patients underestimated radiation exposure for O-arm by 11-fold (P < 0.0001) and 22-fold (P = 0.0002), respectively. Surgeons underestimated radiation exposure of lumbar O-arm by three-fold (P = 0.0227).

Conclusion.
This study evaluated patient and physician knowledge of radiation exposure related to spine procedures. Underestimation of radiation exposure in the outpatient setting was consistent with prior study findings. The significant underestimation of intraoperative cross-sectional imaging (O-arm) is notable and needs attention in the era of increased use of such technology for imaging, navigation, and robotic spine surgery.

Level of Evidence: 4
Practices in Triage and Transfer of Critically Ill Patients: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Selection Criteria
Authors: Dahine Joseph , Hébert Paul C. , Ziegler Daniela , Chenail Noémie , Ferrari Nicolay , Hébert Réjean 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:To identify and appraise articles describing criteria used to prioritize or withhold a critical care admission.Data Sources:PubMed, Embase, Medline, EBM Reviews, and CINAHL Complete databases. Gray literature searches and a manual review of references were also performed. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.Study Selection:We sought all articles and abstracts of original research as well as local, provincial, or national policies on the topic of ICU resource allocation. We excluded studies whose population of interest was neonatal, pediatric, trauma, or noncritically ill. Screening of 6,633 citations was conducted.Data Extraction:Triage and/or transport criteria were extracted, based on type of article, methodology, publication year, and country. An appraisal scale was developed to assess the quality of identified articles. We also developed a robustness score to further appraise the robustness of the evidence supporting each criterion. Finally, all criteria were extracted, evaluated, and grouped by theme.Data Synthesis:One-hundred twenty-nine articles were included. These were mainly original research (34%), guidelines (26%), and reviews (21%). Among them, we identified 200 unique triage and transport criteria. Most articles highlighted an exclusion (71%) rather than a prioritization mechanism (17%). Very few articles pertained to transport of critically ill patients (4%). Criteria were classified in one of four emerging themes: patient, condition, physician, and context. The majority of criteria used were nonspecific. No study prospectively evaluated the implementation of its cited criteria.Conclusions:This systematic review identified 200 criteria classified within four themes that may be included when devising triage programs including the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We identified significant knowledge gaps where research would assist in improving existing triage criteria and guidelines, aiming to decrease arbitrary decisions and variability.
Impact of residential mobility on estimated environmental exposures in a prospective cohort of older women
Authors: Medgyesi Danielle N. , Fisher Jared A. , Cervi Meredith M. , Weyer Peter J. , Patel Deven M. , Sampson Joshua N. , Ward Mary H. , Jones Rena R. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Longitudinal studies of environmental hazards often rely on exposure estimated at the participant’s enrollment residence. This could lead to exposure misclassification if participants move over time.

Methods:
We evaluated residential mobility in the Iowa Women’s Health Study (age 55–69 years) over 19 years of follow-up (1986–2004). We assessed several environmental exposures of varying spatial scales at enrollment and follow-up addresses. Exposures included average nitrate concentrations in public water supplies, percent of agricultural land (row crops and pasture/hay) within 750 m, and the presence of concentrated animal feeding operations within 5 km. In comparison to gold standard duration–based exposures averaged across all residences, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of exposure metrics and attenuation bias for a hypothetical nested case–control study of cancer, which assumed participants did not move from their enrollment residence.

Results:
Among 41,650 participants, 32% moved at least once during follow-up. Mobility was predicted by working outside the home, being a former/current smoker, having a higher education level, using a public drinking water supply, and town size of previous residence. Compared with duration-based exposures, the sensitivity and specificity of exposures at enrollment ranged from 94% to 99% and 97% to 99%, respectively. A hypothetical true odds ratio of 2.0 was attenuated 8% for nitrate, 9%–10% for agricultural land, and 6% for concentrated animal feeding operation exposures.

Conclusions:
Overall, we found low rates of mobility and mobility-related exposure misclassification in the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Misclassification and attenuation of hypothetical risk estimates differed by spatial variability and exposure prevalence.
POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY FEATURES VARY ACCORDING TO SUBFOVEAL CHOROIDAL THICKNESS
Authors: Jordan-Yu Janice Marie , Teo Kelvin Yi Chong , Chakravarthy Usha , Gan Alfred , Tan Anna Cheng Sim , Cheong Kai Xiong , Wong Tien Yin , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate associations between choroidal thickness and features of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) lesions based on multimodal imaging.

Methods:
This cross-sectional analysis included treatment-naive PCV eyes from a prospectively recruited observational cohort. Associations between of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and qualitative and quantitative morphologic features of PCV lesions on color fundus photographs, indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were evaluated.

Results:
We included 100 eyes with indocyanine green angiography–proven PCV. Subfoveal choroidal thickness showed a bimodal distribution with peaks at 170 µm and 350 µm. There was a significant linear increase in the total lesion area (P-trend = 0.028) and the polypoidal lesion area (P-trend = 0.030 and P-continuous = 0.037) with increasing SFCT. Pairwise comparisons between quartiles showed that the total lesion area (4.20 ± 2.61 vs. 2.89 ± 1.43 mm2, P = 0.024) and the polypoidal lesion area (1.03 ± 1.01 vs. 0.59 ± 0.45 mm2, P = 0.042) are significantly larger in eyes in Q4 (SFCT ≥ 350 μm) than eyes in Q1 (SFCT ≤ 170 μm). Although there was no significant linear trend relating SFCT to best-corrected visual acuity, pairwise comparisons showed that eyes in Q4 (SFCT ≥ 350 μm) have significantly worse vision (0.85 ± 0.63 vs. 0.55 ± 0.27 logMAR, P = 0.030) than eyes in Q2 (SFCT 170–260 μm).

Conclusion:
Total lesion areas and polypoidal lesion areas tend to be larger in eyes with increasing SFCT. Choroidal background may influence the phenotype or progression pattern of PCV.
Corneal Folds After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty in Congenital Hereditary Endotheial Dystrophy
Authors: Fogla Rajesh , Srinivasan Bhaskar 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To report a new clinical sign of corneal folds after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in the eyes with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED).

Methods:
Retrospective review of cases of CHED who presented with unusual folds in recipient cornea after the DMEK procedure for CHED. Clinical outcomes including visual acuity, pachymetry, specular microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and corneal clarity, besides postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results:
Fifteen eyes of 11 cases of CHED successfully underwent DMEK. Five eyes of 4 patients, mean age 17.2 ± 5.8 years (range 10–23 years), developed unusual folds in the anterior cornea after resolution of stromal edema. Mean follow-up was 7.8 ± 2.5 months (range 6–12 months). Mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.8 ± 0.3 LogMAR preoperatively to 0.3 ± 0.2 LogMAR postoperatively. Corneal thickness improved from 991 ± 65 μm (range 924–1088 μm) preoperatively to 595 ± 78 μm postoperatively (range 525–730 μm). Average endothelial cell counts were 1708 ± 271 cell/mm2 at the last follow-up. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported. The corneal folds remained unchanged during the follow-up. Comparative analysis with remaining 10 eyes did not show any significant differences.

Conclusions:
Cornea can present with unusual folds in the anterior stroma after successful DMEK in CHED. These folds may possibly be due to difference in collagen structure between anterior and posterior corneal stroma and needs to be studied further.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a Low-Temperature Plasma Surgical System for Pterygium
Authors: Huang Haixiang , Li Saiqun , Zhong Jing , Wang Bowen , Peng Lulu , Deng Yuqing , Wang Mingwu , Yuan Jin 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
Surgical excision is the standard treatment for pterygium. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel technique using low-temperature plasma (LTP) for excision and hemostasis in pterygium surgery.

Methods:
A prospective, comparative, and randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients (60 eyes) undergoing pterygium excision with conjunctival autografts using fibrin glue. Patients were equally divided into the following 2 groups: a control group and a LTP group. Postoperative follow-up visits were scheduled on day 1, week 1, and months 1 and 3, and recurrence was evaluated at 1 year. Patients were examined for operative time, best corrected visual acuity, conjunctival autograft inflammation (CAI), graft stability (GS), pain, recurrence, and final appearance. Factors related to pterygium recurrence and final appearance were analyzed.

Results:
Mean operative times were shorter in the LTP group (16.7 ± 3.4 min) than those in the control group (20.1 ± 4.7 min, P = 0.002). LTP eyes had milder CAI than control eyes at postoperative day 1 (P = 0.000) and week 1 (P = 0.000). Patients in the LTP group exhibited better GS (P = 0.01) and milder pain (P = 0.04) than those in the control group on day 1. Two control patients (6.7%) and no (0%) LTP patients experienced recurrence (P = 0.08). GS and CAI were the significant factors contributing to recurrence (GS: R = 0.425, P = 0.001; CAI: R = 0.309, P = 0.016).

Conclusions:
LTP to replace surgical blades and disposable cautery for ablation and hemostasis is safe and efficient for pterygium surgery, resulting in shorter operative time, milder inflammation, and better graft stability without increasing complication risk.