bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New perspectives on mass conservation law and waves in fluid mechanics
Authors: Kambe Tsutomu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Noether’s theorem reads: ‘A symmetry implies a conservation law’. From a single relativistic energy equation of fluid motion, two conservation equations are obtained in the non-relativistic limit: mass conservation and energy conservation of traditional form. We are concerned with the mass conservation equation and investigate what symmetry implies the mass conservation, and conversely what symmetry the mass conservation implies. This study is guided by the general representation of rotational flows of an ideal compressible fluid satisfying Euler’s equation derived by Kambe in 2013, giving a hint of existence of a set of gauge fields. Thus our physical system is a combined system consisting of a fluid flow and a background field described with a set of gauge fields. The gauge invariance of the latter fields assures the law of mass conservation. Conversely as far as the mass conservation law is valid, the gauge invariance is assured for the action representing interaction between the two components of the combined fields. The proposed background field has wavy nature. Present combined system describes wave excitation by fluid flows, both irrotational and rotational, and enables rederivation of the Lighhthill’s equation of aerodynamic sound with a correction term naturally. Rotational waves are also excited in shear flows with their phase speed different from the sound speed.
Solution of the 3D logarithmic Schrödinger equation with a central potential
Authors: Shertzer J , Scott T C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Some form of the time-independent logarithmic Schrödinger equation (log SE) arises in almost every branch of physics. Nevertheless, little progress has been made in obtaining analytical or numerical solutions due to the nonlinearity of the logarithmic term in the Hamiltonian. Even for a central potential, the Hamiltonian does not commute with

L

2

or

L

z

;

the Hamiltonian is invariant under the parity operation only if the wave function is an eigenstate of the parity operator. We show that the solutions with well-defined parity can be expressed as a linear combination of eigenstates of

L

2

and

L

z

,

where the parity restrictions on

l

and

m

determine the nodal structure of the wave function. The dominant contribution in the sum is designated as

l
˜

and

m
˜

;

these serve as approximate quantum numbers. Using an iterative finite element approach, we also carry out fully converged numerical calculations in 1D, 2D and 3D for the special case of a Coulomb potential. The nodal structure of the wave functions and the expectation values

L

2

and

L

z

2

are consistent with the analytical predictions. Values for the energy and expectations values are tabulated for the low-lying states. The methods developed for this problem are applicable across many areas of physics.
scTPA: a web tool for single-cell transcriptome analysis of pathway activation signatures
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Yaru , Hu Jun , Zhang Ji , Guo Fangjie , Zhou Meng , Zhang Guijun , Yu Fulong , Su Jianzhong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Motivation
At present, a fundamental challenge in single-cell RNA-sequencing data analysis is functional interpretation and annotation of cell clusters. Biological pathways in distinct cell types have different activation patterns, which facilitates the understanding of cell functions using single-cell transcriptomics. However, no effective web tool has been implemented for single-cell transcriptome data analysis based on prior biological pathway knowledge.

Results
Here, we present scTPA, a web-based platform for pathway-based analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data in human and mouse. scTPA incorporates four widely-used gene set enrichment methods to estimate the pathway activation scores of single cells based on a collection of available biological pathways with different functional and taxonomic classifications. The clustering analysis and cell-type-specific activation pathway identification were provided for the functional interpretation of cell types from a pathway-oriented perspective. An intuitive interface allows users to conveniently visualize and download single-cell pathway signatures. Overall, scTPA is a comprehensive tool for the identification of pathway activation signatures for the analysis of single cell heterogeneity.

Availability and implementation
http://sctpa.bio-data.cn/sctpa.

Contact
sujz@wmu.edu.cn or yufulong421@gmail.com or zgj@zjut.edu.cn

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Adaptive response to olive cultivation in a generalist parasitic nematode (Meloidogyne javanica)
Authors: Chapuis Elodie , Ali Nadeen , Noûs Camille , Besnard Guillaume 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCultivated plants usually differ from their wild progenitors in several morphological and/or physiological traits. Their microbe communities might also differ because of adaptation to new conditions related to cultivation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated morphological traits in a parthenogenetic root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) from natural and agricultural environments. Seventeen populations of M. javanica were sampled on cultivated and wild olives in Morocco, then maintained in controlled conditions for a ‘common garden’ experiment. We estimated the genetic variation based on three traits (stylet size, neck width and body width) by a quantitative genetic design (ten families per population and nine individuals per family were measured), and molecular variation was investigated with a mitochondrial marker to identify the genetic lineages of nematode isolates sampled from wild and cultivated olives. Significant morphological differences were detected between individuals from wild vs. cultivated hosts for the three traits, whereas no phylogenetic clustering was observed among isolates collected on those two hosts. Our results thus suggest an adaptive response of the asexual parasite, possibly related to the deep modification of soil nematode communities between natural olive stands and orchards.
Bridge over Troubled Water—Closing the Research–Practice Gap in Social Work
Authors: Denvall Verner , Skillmark Mikael 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Since starting over a hundred years ago social work has been occupied with the division into academic and practical knowledge. A common theme in scientific journals of social work is how this gap can be understood and resolved. The initial purpose of this article was to carry out a systematic review to find out if and how the gap could be bridged. Because few independent studies could be found, the study instead took the form of a scoping review with more included articles. The results show concrete suggestions as to how to bridge the gap, but also three discourses with dissimilar problem definitions and solutions. The emergence of proposals such as the evidence-based practice and its diverse combinations, the formation of new institutions, and today’s globalisation triggers this fragmentation. The consequences are vast confusions of opinions and explanations which illustrate competing knowledge positions. The authors propose that researchers and practitioners should orient themselves in this landscape when building bridges between academia and practice. Instead of taking the research–practice gap for granted, they suggest that social work should relate more closely to these three discourses.
Applications of CRISPR-Cas systems in lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Roberts Avery , Barrangou Rodolphe 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
As a phenotypically and phylogenetically diverse group, lactic acid bacteria are found in a variety of natural environments and occupy important roles in medicine, biotechnology, food and agriculture. The widespread use of lactic acid bacteria across these industries fuels the need for new and functionally diverse strains that may be utilized as starter cultures or probiotics. Originally characterized in lactic acid bacteria, CRISPR-Cas systems and derived molecular machines can be used natively or exogenously to engineer new strains with enhanced functional attributes. Research on CRISPR-Cas biology and its applications has exploded over the past decade with studies spanning from the initial characterization of CRISPR-Cas immunity in Streptococcus thermophilus to the use of CRISPR-Cas for clinical gene therapies. Here, we discuss CRISPR-Cas classification, overview CRISPR biology and mechanism of action, and discuss current and future applications in lactic acid bacteria, opening new avenues for their industrial exploitation and manipulation of microbiomes.
Treatment Response of Add-On Esketamine Nasal Spray in Resistant Major Depression in Relation to Add-On Second-Generation Antipsychotic Treatment
Authors: Dold Markus , Bartova Lucie , Kasper Siegfried 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this meta-analysis, we aimed to estimate and compare the efficacy of add-on treatment of antidepressants with esketamine nasal spray and second-generation antipsychotics in patients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder and inadequate response to antidepressants. Searching for acute-phase, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials, we found 22 second-generation antipsychotic (n = 8363) and 3 intranasal esketamine (n = 641) studies. Mean change in the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score served as outcome. We determined a higher mean difference (vs placebo) for the pooled esketamine nasal spray trials (mean difference = 4.09, 95% confidence interval: 2.01 to 6.17) than for the pooled second-generation antipsychotic augmentation trials (mean difference  = 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.51 to 2.59). Thus, the effect size for intranasal esketamine was nearly twice as high as those for the second-generation antipsychotics. This indicates high efficacy of add-on esketamine nasal spray in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder compared with other well-established, evidence-based pharmacological options such as augmentation with second-generation antipsychotics.
Strategic priority-purchasing and joining rules in a retrial queue
Authors: Wang Zhongbin , Wang Jinting 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper considers a retrial queueing system with a pay-for-priority option. A queueing-game-theoretic model that captures the interaction among the customers, the service provider (SP) and the social planner is developed. We obtain the equilibrium strategy of customers for any fixed priority premium and identify the unique Pareto-dominant strategy. The optimal pricing strategies for the SP and the social planner are derived and compared extensively. Interestingly, we find that the equilibrium outcome of customers is non-monotone in the service reward and the profit of the SP is bimodal in the priority premium. We reveal the fact that the SP’s optimization makes the system more congested than what is socially desirable. Finally, numerical examples indicate that the customer welfare can be improved by providing priorities when the market size is large.
A Banach space mixed formulation for the unsteady Brinkman–Forchheimer equations
Authors: Caucao Sergio , Yotov Ivan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe propose and analyse a mixed formulation for the Brinkman–Forchheimer equations for unsteady flows. Our approach is based on the introduction of a pseudostress tensor related to the velocity gradient and pressure, leading to a mixed formulation where the pseudostress tensor and the velocity are the main unknowns of the system. We establish existence and uniqueness of a solution to the weak formulation in a Banach space setting, employing classical results on nonlinear monotone operators and a regularization technique. We then present well posedness and error analysis for semidiscrete continuous-in-time and fully discrete finite element approximations on simplicial grids with spatial discretization based on the Raviart–Thomas spaces of degree $k$ for the pseudostress tensor and discontinuous piecewise polynomial elements of degree $k$ for the velocity and backward Euler time discretization. We provide several numerical results to confirm the theoretical rates of convergence and illustrate the performance and flexibility of the method for a range of model parameters.
Role of dendritic cell metabolic reprogramming in tumor immune evasion
Authors: Plebanek Michael P , Sturdivant Michael , DeVito Nicholas C , Hanks Brent A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe dendritic cell (DC) is recognized as a vital mediator of anti-tumor immunity. More recent studies have also demonstrated the important role of DCs in the generation of effective responses to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Metabolic programming of DCs dictates their functionality and can determine which DCs become immunostimulatory versus those that develop a tolerized phenotype capable of actively suppressing effector T-cell responses to cancers. As a result, there is great interest in understanding what mechanisms have evolved in cancers to alter these metabolic pathways, thereby allowing for their continued progression and metastasis. The therapeutic strategies developed to reverse these processes of DC tolerization in the tumor microenvironment represent promising candidates for future testing in combination immunotherapy clinical trials.
The 2019 n2c2/UMass Lowell shared task on clinical concept normalization
Authors: Luo Yen-Fu , Henry Sam , Wang Yanshan , Shen Feichen , Uzuner Ozlem , Rumshisky Anna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe n2c2/UMass Lowell spin-off shared task focused on medical concept normalization (MCN) in clinical records. This task aimed to assess state-of-the-art methods for matching salient medical concepts from clinical records to a controlled vocabulary. We describe the task and the dataset used, compare the participating systems, and identify the strengths and limitations of the current approaches and directions for future research.Materials and MethodsParticipating teams were asked to link preselected text spans in discharge summaries (henceforth referred to as concept mentions) to the corresponding concepts in the SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms) and RxNorm vocabularies from the Unified Medical Language System. The shared task used the MCN corpus created by the organizers, which maps all mentions of problems, treatments, and tests in the 2010 i2b2/VA challenge data to the Unified Medical Language System concepts. Submitted systems represented 4 broad categories of approaches: cascading dictionary matching, cosine distance, deep learning, and retrieve-and-rank systems. Disambiguation modules were common across all approaches.ResultsA total of 33 teams participated in the shared task. The best-performing team achieved an accuracy of 0.8526. The median and mean performances among all teams were 0.7733 and 0.7426, respectively.ConclusionsOverall performance among the top 10 teams was high. However, particularly challenging for all teams were mentions requiring disambiguation of misspelled words, acronyms, abbreviations, and mentions with more than 1 possible semantic type. Complex mentions of long, multiword terms were also challenging and, in the future, will require better methods for learning contextualized representations of concept mentions and better use of domain knowledge.
An Effective and Sensitive Environmental Pollutant Sensor for Pymetrozine
Authors: Gao Yudong , Shi Yapan , Li Huimin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Establishing an analytical method for detecting environmental pollutant pirimid using electrical analysis technology.

Objective
Establishing a fast and effective environmental pollutant detection sensor.

Methods
Prior to the modification, the bare GCE was pretreated with 0.1 μm alumina slurry and rinsed with water to provide a smooth and clean electrode surface. Afterwards, The fresh GCE surface was coated with 10 μL SWCNT suspension (0.5mg/mL) and dried under IR-lamp. Then the poly(L-arginine)/SWCNT modified GCE (poly(L-arginine)/SWCNT/GCE) was obtained by cyclic sweeping between −1500 mV and 2500 mV at the rate of 100 mV/s for 8 cycles in a PBS (pH 8.0) containing 2.5 × 10−3 mol/L L-arginine. This was the optimal depositional condition for fabricating the poly(L-arginine)/SWCNT/GCE from test. To evaluate the practical applicability of present method, farmland soil and river water were selected as sample.

Results
In this study, we fabricated an electrochemical sensor to detect pymetrozine via combining SWCNT and electro-polymerizing poly(L-arginine) film modified GCE, as well as its electrochemical behavior. The as-prepared sensor features excellent electrocatalytic activities. It was also observed that the electrochemical property of the sensor was substantially improved because SWCNT afforded an enlarged active surface and accelerated electron transport. This sensor affords LSV in the linear range of 0.05∼1.0 μM pymetrozine with a 17 nM low detection limit (S/N =3).

Conclusions
A new and sensitive electrochemical sensor for pymetrozine determination was developed based on a single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and poly(L-arginine) film. Results suggests that the poly(L-arginine)/SWCNT modified electrode exhibited a very low limit of detection.

Highlights
The sensor enabled the measurement of pymetrozine in real samples obtained from farmland soil and river water. This work promoted the potential applications of amino acid materials and SWCNT in environmental pollution science.
Breeding patterns of female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) displaying alternative reproductive tactics
Authors: Lichter James B , Lambert Connor T , Solomon Nancy G , Keane Brian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Individuals of either sex may display alternative behaviors to obtain copulations, but few studies have examined the breeding patterns of females and males in populations where individuals of both sexes exhibit alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). In prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), most adults are territorial, residing at a single nest site either as male–female pairs or as solitary individuals. However, some adults adopt nonterritorial, wandering tactics. During two field seasons monitoring prairie vole populations maintained in seminatural enclosures, we found evidence that females exhibiting different ARTs bred differentially with resident and wandering males. Females residing at a nest with a male bred significantly more often with a paired resident male, primarily their social partner, and significantly less often with male wanderers compared to single resident females or wandering females. These patterns were not due to chance, because paired resident females produced offspring with paired resident males significantly more than expected based on the relative abundance of these males in the population, whereas single resident females produced offspring with male wanderers significantly more than expected based on the proportion of male wanderers in the population. We did not find any evidence that multiple paternity was greater in the litters of single resident females and wanderer females even though these females lacked a male social partner to limit mating access by multiple males. This suggests that mate guarding by a female’s male social partner was not the primary determinant of multiple paternity in the litters of females exhibiting different reproductive tactics. However, male ART did affect the likelihood of multiple paternity. Females that produced offspring with single resident or wanderer males had an increased likelihood of multiple paternity relative to females producing offspring with paired resident males. The results of this study show that female and male ARTs can affect breeding patterns.
Regulating Risk and Autonomy in Assisted Suicide: Conway V Secretary of State for Justice
Authors: Hobson Clark , Papadopoulou Nataly 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Noel Conway appealed against the dismissal of his claim in the High Court, that section 2(1) Suicide Act 1961 is incompatible with his Article 8(1) ECHR right to respect for private and family life. Mr Conway’s appeal concerned three main issues: first, the correct way the court should respond to Parliament’s decision not to amend section 2(1) Suicide Act; secondly, the way the Divisional Court addressed Mr Conway’s alternative scheme; and thirdly, the weight to be placed upon personal autonomy. The Court of Appeal held that Parliament is better placed for determining the purported legal rights relating to assisted suicide. The court also concludes that there is evidence for the potential of indirect coercion or undue influence if assisted suicide is permitted. The comment draws out the court’s basic presumption in analysing the efficacy of Mr Conway’s alternative scheme to protect the weak and vulnerable. The comment also argues the level of acceptable risk used by the court in assessing Mr Conway’s scheme—a 100% success rate—is overly-cautious and inconsistent. Finally, the comment goes on to show that courts still have problems, in end-of-life cases, in understanding how ethical principles operate in determining true propositions of law.
Gaseous dynamical friction under radiative feedback: do intermediate-mass black holes speed up or down?
Authors: Toyouchi Daisuke , Hosokawa Takashi , Sugimura Kazuyuki , Kuiper Rolf 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Coalescence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) as a result of the migration toward galactic centres via dynamical friction may contribute to the formation of supermassive BHs. Here we reinvestigate the gaseous dynamical friction, which was claimed to be inefficient with radiative feedback from BHs in literature, by performing 3D radiation-hydrodynamics simulations that solve the flow structure in the vicinity of BHs. We consider a 104-M⊙ BH moving at the velocity vflow through the homogeneous medium with metallicity Z in the range of 0–0.1 Z⊙ and density n∞. We show that, if n∞ ≲ 106 cm−3 and vflow ≲ 60 km s−1, the BH is accelerated forward because of the gravitational pull from a dense shell ahead of an ionized bubble around the BH, regardless of the value of Z. If n∞ ≳ 106 cm−3, however, our simulation shows the opposite result. The ionized bubble and associating shell temporarily appear, but immediately go downstream with significant ram pressure of the flow. They eventually converge into a massive downstream wake, which gravitationally drags the BH backward. The BH decelerates over the time-scale of ∼0.01 Myr, much shorter than the dynamical time-scale in galactic discs. Our results suggest that IMBHs that encounter the dense clouds rapidly migrate toward galactic centres, where they possibly coalescence with others.