bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regular dental attendance and periodontal health knowledge: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Varela‐Centelles Pablo , Diz‐Iglesias Pedro , Estany‐Gestal Ana , Blanco‐Hortas Andrés , Bugarín‐González Rosendo , Seoane‐Romero Juan M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo explore dental clinics’ performance on periodontal education by comparing knowledge about periodontal health of regular and inconsistent dental attenders.Subjects and MethodsA population‐based study with a cross‐sectional design was performed in Galicia (Northwestern Spain). Participants were randomly selected from 16 different areas and a questionnaire applied face‐to‐face. The survey included items on socio‐demographic features, habits and routines, periodontal status and periodontal health knowledge. Participants were grouped according to the median of overall knowledge, and a logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between good periodontal knowledge and frequency of dental visits.ResultsA total of 8,206 individuals were invited to enter the study, and 3,553 of them accepted the invitation (43.3%). Most participants (59.3%; n = 1,945) fit within the regular dental attenders’ group. Younger women holding a university degree and visiting their dentist regularly elicited higher knowledge about periodontal health. Regular use of dental services increased the chances of being in the higher knowledge group (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.40–2.00).ConclusionsReported regular dental attendance is related to periodontal health knowledge. Specific interventions for promoting tailored patient education on periodontal topics during routine dental visits may have a positive effect on laypersons’ knowledge about periodontal health.
Ultrasonographic confirmation of endotracheal intubation in extremely low birthweigh infants – secondary publication
Authors: Takeuchi Syusuke , Arai Junichi , Nagafuji Motomichi , Hinata Ayako , Kamakura Tae , Hoshino Yusuke , Yukitake Yoshiya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ultrasonography (US) for confirmation of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement during resuscitation in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of ELBW infants in whom ETT position was verified using US between June 2016 and September 2017. We investigated the backgrounds of the patients and US investigators, and the time required for the detection of exhaled carbon dioxide using the colorimetric method and US.ResultsEleven ELBW infants were evaluated using US by four neonatologists. The median duration required to determine the ETT position by the colorimetric method and US were 11 s and 3 s, respectively. In six ELBW infants, we were able to verify the ETT position more rapidly using US than using the colorimetric method, and were able to perform prompt resuscitation. Unnecessary reintubations were avoided in three ELBW infants.ConclusionUltrasonography allowed the swift confirmation of the tracheal intubations. The colorimetric method yielded false negative results; in such cases, unnecessary reintubation could have been avoided if US was used. We assessed the mechanism of false negative results and performed appropriate resuscitation.
Investigating mechanisms of social support effectiveness: The case of locomotion motivation
Authors: Zee Katherine S. , Kumashiro Madoka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough social support can entail costs, individuals with a higher locomotion orientation, who are motivated to move and take action, benefit from support. Two dyadic studies tested whether perceived movement toward important goals would mediate the effect of recipients' locomotion motivation on positive outcomes in support contexts. In Study 1, couples completed a 10‐day diary and then recalled support interactions with their partner after the diary period. In Study 2, couples engaged in laboratory support interactions for important goals. Perceived goal movement mediated the effect of higher (vs. lower) locomotion on self‐reported ratings and coder ratings of support outcomes. Higher locomotion recipients may benefit in support contexts because they perceive they can move smoothly toward their goals.
Catherine of Siena: a Dominican political thinker in fourteenth‐century Italy*
Authors: Davies Eloise 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCatherine of Siena (1347‐1380) is well known as a saint and mystic with a colourful biography. Recent scholarship has begun to recognise Catherine's substantial political contributions. She wrote letters to notable political figures including Bernabò Visconti and Pope Gregory XI, and also brought her influence to bear in person, visiting numerous Tuscan cities as well as Avignon and Rome. There has been little investigation, however, into the relationship between Catherine's writings and major political discourses of the period. This article offers evidence that Catherine should be viewed within the bonum commune tradition of high medieval political thought. Like other Dominican political thinkers of the period, Catherine was particularly interested in the concept of caritas, which she used to justify her involvement in political disputes such as the War of the Eight Saints (1375–8) between the papacy and Florence, and the disputed papal elections of 1378. Recognising that the content of Catherine's writings was political as well as spiritual provides an important counterpoint to accounts of late fourteenth‐century Italian political thought which give excessive prominence to 'secularising' humanists. This study also challenges lingering assumptions that the political thought of the early Renaissance must be studied through a narrow (and male) canon.
A bloody carnival? Charles V’s soldiers and the sack of Rome in 1527
Authors: Sherer Idan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe sack of Rome in 1527 was one of the most violent and shocking events in early modern European history, especially when considering the spread of Lutheranism in the Holy Roman Empire and the general dubious status of Rome in Europe. Most studies usually and naturally focus on the extraordinary effects of the sack while offering a superficial and simplistic exploration of the experience and motivations of the sacking soldiers. In this article I would like to suggest that the sack offered the deprived soldiers a temporary opportunity to violently undermine the prevalent social order. A “time out of time”, and much like the medieval and early modern carnival, the sack provided the soldiers with an opportunity to act under a set of norms and ideals that would have seemed peculiar and even socially and culturally offensive under normal circumstances.
Chromametric assessment of drug skin tolerance: A comparative study between Africans and Caucasians skins
Authors: Sounouvou Hope T. , Lechanteur Anna , Quetin‐Leclercq Joëlle , Piel Géraldine , Donneau Anne‐Françoise , Gbaguidi Fernand , Evrard Brigitte 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsDuring dermatological forms development, one of the simplest non‐invasive techniques used to evaluate cutaneous tolerance of formulations is to monitor the color changes using a tristimulus chromameter. Most published tolerance studies involving chromametric measurements are performed on Caucasian subjects. However, in the context of drug formulation for African‐type populations, it is not always relevant to transpose tolerance results obtained on Caucasians populations to African‐type ones due to histological ethnic differences of the skin. The goal of this work was to assess whether tristimulus chromameter can be used to highlight color variations following the application of dermatological topics on black skin in order to validate skin tolerance studies made on African‐type subjects.Materials and MethodsAfter application of two commercial creams with opposite side effects (skin irritation and skin blanching) in both Africans and Caucasians populations, color variations were evaluated using a tristimulus chromameter in L*a*b* color system and compared between both populations. L* indicating color brightness, a* represents green and red directions and b* represents blue and yellow directions.ResultsWhile skin irritation resulted in a significant increase of a* parameter in both studied populations, the skin blanching resulted in a decrease of a* associated with an increase of L*.ConclusionWe established that tristimulus chromameter can be used to achieve in vivo skin tolerance study of dermatologic formulations in Africans despite their dark skin even though it appeared less sensitive. This study can speed up the development of dermatological forms dedicated to Africans and/or Caucasians subjects.
Incidence of Febrile Neutropenia in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) Recipients on levofloxacin prophylaxis
Authors: Signorelli Jessie , Zimmer Andrea , Liewer Susanne , Shostrom Valerie K. , Freifeld Alison 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are not uniformly considered as “high risk” enough to receive fluoroquinolone (FQ) prophylaxis. The risks versus benefits of FQ prophylaxis in autologous HSCT require further investigation.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients > 19 years old who received an autologous HSCT at Nebraska Medicine analyzed two time periods (period 1: no prophylaxis [2013‐2015] versus period 2: levofloxacin prophylaxis [2015‐2016]) to characterize the clinical impact of levofloxacin prophylaxis on autologous HSCT recipients.ResultsA total of 224 autologous HSCT were screened with 214 included. Febrile neutropenia (FN) developed in 101/113 (89%) versus 60/101 (59%) patients in the no prophylaxis (NPx) versus prophylaxis (Px) group (P < .01). Time to onset of FN was a median 6 versus 7 days (P = .01), and total bloodstream infections (BSI) were 33/113 (29%) versus 7/101 (7%) (P < .01) in NPx and Px groups, respectively. Gram‐negative BSI were absent in the Px group. Viridans group streptococci were the most common Gram‐positive BSI overall, with FQ‐resistance more common in Px recipients. Rates of Clostridium difficile infections, length of hospital stay, or death at 100 days post‐HSCT did not differ between the groups.ConclusionFluoroquinolone prophylaxis introduced into autologous HSCT care at our institution in 2015 resulted in prevention of Gram‐negative BSI, decreased rates of FN, microbiologically documented infections, and a delay in time to onset of FN compared with the prior NPx. FQ prophylaxis in autologous HSCT recipients should be evaluated per individual institution.
Designing User Interaction using Gesture and Speech for Mixed Reality Interface
Authors: Aladin Mohamad Yahya Fekri , Ismail Ajune Wanis 
Published: December 2019

Mixed Reality (MR) is the next evolution of humans interacting with computer as MR can combine the physical environment and digital environment and making them coexist with each other [1]. Interaction is still a valid research area in MR, and this paper focuses on interaction rather than other research areas such as tracking, calibration, and display [2] because the current interaction technique still not intuitive enough to let the user interact with the computer. This paper explores the user interaction using gesture and speech interaction for 3D object manipulation in mixed reality environment. The paper explains the design stage that involves interaction using gesture and speech inputs to enhance user experience in MR workspace. After acquiring gesture input and speech commands, MR prototype is proposed to integrate the interaction technique using gesture and speech. The paper concludes with results and discussion.
Mechano‐electric and mechano‐chemo‐transduction in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Izu Leighton T. , Kohl Peter , Boyden Penelope A. , Miura Masahito , Banyasz Tamas , Chiamvimonvat Nipavan , Trayanova Natalia , Bers Donald M. , Chen‐Izu Ye 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCardiac excitation‐contraction (E‐C) coupling is influenced by (at least) three dynamic systems that couple and feedback to one another (see Abstract Figure). Here we review the mechanical effects on cardiomyocytes that include mechano‐electro‐transduction (commonly referred to as mechano‐electric coupling, MEC) and mechano‐chemo‐transduction (MCT) mechanisms at cell and molecular levels which couple to Ca2+‐electro and E‐C coupling reviewed elsewhere. These feedback loops from muscle contraction and mechano‐transduction to the Ca2+ homeodynamics and to the electrical excitation are essential for understanding the E‐C coupling dynamic system and arrhythmogenesis in mechanically loaded hearts. This white paper comprises two parts, each reflecting key aspects from the 2018 UC Davis symposium: MEC (how mechanical load influences electrical dynamics) and MCT (how mechanical load alters cell signalling and Ca2+ dynamics). Of course, such separation is artificial since Ca2+ dynamics profoundly affect ion channels and electrogenic transporters and vice versa. In time, these dynamic systems and their interactions must become fully integrated, and that should be a goal for a comprehensive understanding of how mechanical load influences cell signalling, Ca2+ homeodynamics and electrical dynamics. In this white paper we emphasize current understanding, consensus, controversies and the pressing issues for future investigations. Space constraints make it impossible to cover all relevant articles in the field, so we will focus on the topics discussed at the symposium.
image
Contracting striated muscle has a dynamic I‐band spring with an undamped stiffness 100 times larger than the passive stiffness
Authors: Powers Joseph D. , Bianco Pasquale , Pertici Irene , Reconditi Massimo , Lombardi Vincenzo , Piazzesi Gabriella 
Published: December 2019

Key points
Fast sarcomere‐level mechanics in contracting intact fibres from frog skeletal muscle reveal an I‐band spring with an undamped stiffness 100 times larger than the known static stiffness.
This undamped stiffness remains constant in the range of sarcomere length 2.7–3.1 µm, showing the ability of the I‐band spring to adapt its length to the width of the I‐band.
The stiffness and tunability of the I‐band spring implicate titin as a force contributor that, during contraction, allows weaker half‐sarcomeres to equilibrate with in‐series stronger half‐sarcomeres, preventing the development of sarcomere length inhomogeneity.
This work opens new possibilities for the detailed in situ description of the structural–functional basis of muscle dysfunctions related to mutations or site‐directed mutagenesis in titin that alter the I‐band stiffness.
AbstractForce and shortening in the muscle sarcomere are due to myosin motors from thick filaments pulling nearby actin filaments toward the sarcomere centre. Thousands of serially linked sarcomeres in muscle make the shortening (and the shortening speed) macroscopic, while the intrinsic instability of in‐series force generators is likely prevented by the cytoskeletal protein titin that connects the thick filament with the sarcomere end, working as an I‐band spring that accounts for the rise of passive force with sarcomere length (SL). However, current estimates of titin stiffness, deduced from the passive force–SL relation and single molecule mechanics, are much smaller than what is required to avoid the development of large inhomogeneities among sarcomeres. In this work, using 4 kHz stiffness measurements on a population of sarcomeres selected along an intact fibre isolated from frog skeletal muscle contracting at different SLs (temperature 4°C), we measure the undamped stiffness of an I‐band spring that at SL > 2.7 µm attains a maximum constant value of ∼6 pN nm−1 per half‐thick filament, two orders of magnitude larger than expected from titin‐related passive force. We conclude that a titin‐like dynamic spring in the I‐band, made by an undamped elastic element in‐series with damped elastic elements, adapts its length to the SL with kinetics that provide force balancing among serially linked sarcomeres during contraction. In this way, the I‐band spring plays a fundamental role in preventing the development of SL inhomogeneity.
Improving Retention Rate of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Cathode Material Synthesized Using Glycerol Solvent
Authors: Hamad Khaleel I. , Xing Yangchuan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper reports an enhanced retention rate of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathode material for Li-ion batteries synthesized with glycerol as a solvent and a reactant. Glycerol is a fuel and the heat released during synthesis could be considered as an additional free energy source for material preparation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show an early stage of crystallization of the produced powder. Early crystallization in the NCA material at low temperatures was believed to hinder cationic mixing that would occur at higher temperatures during calcination. As a result, cycling of the NCA material shows a very stable capacity. The NCA material displays 97% capacity retention at 1C (1C = 200 mA/g) after 50 cycles, 87.6% at 0.3C after 100 cycles, and 93.6% at 0.1C after 70 cycles, which are better than those reported previously.
Effect of Different Arc Welding Processes on the Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Ramor 500 Armor Steel
Authors: Günen Ali , Bayar Selçuk , Karakaş Mustafa Serdar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present study, Ramor 500 armor steel plates were automatically welded using cold metal transfer arc welding (CMT), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and hybrid plasma arc welding (HPAW) methods. To investigate the effects of three different fusion welding methods on metallurgical and mechanical properties, the welded joints were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and also subjected to radiographic, hardness, tensile, and notched impact tests. The weld metal (WM) region of the GMAW and HPAW joints consisted of massive austenite. In the CMT welded joint, the WM consisted mainly of dendritic austenite and a minor amount of δ-ferrite. Regardless of the welding process, the hardness of both the WM and heat-affected zone (HAZ) regions was found to be higher than the base metal (BM). The tensile strengths obtained by CMT, GMAW, and HPAW were 45%, 50%, and 65% of the BM, respectively. Cleavage-type brittle fractures occurred in the GMAW and HPAW welded joints, while localized ductile fractures occurred in the CMT joints. Tensile test specimens of the CMT joints fractured in the WM, while the GMAW and HPAW joints fractured in the HAZ. In terms of notch toughness, the CMT joints exhibited better impact resistance compared with the BM. GMAW and HPAW joints displayed less impact resistance than the BM, with values comparable with previous studies in the literature.
A Method for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Low-Dimensional Materials Based on DC Heating
Authors: Yang Xiao , Zheng Xinghua , Yang Zheng , Wang Liang , Chen Haisheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to the small size of low-dimensional materials, traditional experimental methods can hardly meet the requirements of accurate measurement. This paper presented a method for measuring the thermal conductivity of low-dimensional materials based on DC heating. This method adopted a micro-machining process to prepare a measuring electrode in advance, and only needed to suspend the object (one-dimensional wire or two-dimensional film) on the electrodes and maintain close contact. Finally, a standard diameter of 20 μm platinum wire was used to verify the measurement accuracy of this method. The application and future development of thermal conductivity testing structures for low-dimensional materials were also prospected.
Condensation of NH3 Within a Plate Heat Exchanger of Small Diameter Channel
Authors: Tao Xuan , Kirkenier Joost , Ferreira Carlos Infante 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Most plate heat exchangers (PHEs) have hydraulic diameters in the range of 2∼5 mm and show characteristics of both macro-channels and micro-channels. Both gravity and surface tension have non-negligible influences and determine the heat transfer and frictional pressure drop.
This paper investigates NH3 condensation in a PHE with a hydraulic diameter of 2.99 mm. The large surface tension of NH3 enhances the micro-channel characteristics. The heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) are compared with homogeneous and separated models, respectively. Both models have been previously compared with the experimental data of HFCs, hydrocarbons and HFOs. The prediction for NH3 is generally good since the deviations are small, while the sensitivity to mass fluxes and vapor qualities cannot be estimated properly. The data of frictional pressure drop are predicted by a correlation of two-phase Fanning friction factor, which is based on homogeneous flow and includes the influences of mass fluxes, vapor qualities, hydraulic diameters, chevron angles, etc. The fluid properties of NH3 are significantly different between liquid and vapor phases, and the averaged density derived from homogeneous flow is under-estimated. The prediction is improved by calculating the averaged density from the void fraction models of separated flow.
Subcooled Flow Boiling on Micro-Porous Structured Copper Surface in a Vertical Mini-Gap Channel
Authors: Li Junye , Zhou Kan , Li Wei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An experimental investigation of subcooled flow boiling in a large width-to-height-ratio, one-sided heating rectangular mini-gap channel was conducted with deionized water as the working fluid. The super-hydrophobicity micro-porous structured copper surface was utilized in the experiments. High speed flow visualization was conducted to illustrate the effects of heat flux and mass rate on the heat transfer coefficient and flow pattern on the surfaces. The mass fluxes were in the range of 200–500 kg/m2s, the wall heat fluxes were spanned from 40–400 kW/m2. With increments of imposed heat flux, the slopes of boiling curves for superhydrophobic micro-porous copper surfaces increased rapidly, indicating the Onset of Nucleate Boiling. Heat transfer characteristics were discussed with variation of heat fluxes and mass fluxes, the trends of which were analyzed with the aid of high speed flow visualization.
Experimental Study of Saturated Flow Boiling in Vertical Narrow Microchannel
Authors: Lin Yuhao , Zhou Kan , Li Junye , Li Wei , Zhu Hua , Zhang Zhengjiang , Du Jincai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An experimental study of saturated flow boiling in a high-aspect-ratio one-side-heating rectangular microchannel is conducted with deionized water as the working fluid. The bottom surface of the microchannel is constructed of two different material, one is the untreated hydrophilic silicon wafer with a contact angle of 65° ± 3°, the other is the super-hydrophilic silicon wafer deposited with a thin film of 100-nm-thickness silicon dioxide through PECVD with a contact angle less than 5°. The heat transfer characteristics of saturated flow boiling in the microchannel is studied and the flow pattern is photographed with a high speed camera. It is found that the heat transfer mechanism is dominated by convective evaporation, the heat flux transfers through the conduction and convection in the thin liquid film and evaporation at the interface between the vapor and liquid. The thinner the liquid film, the greater the heat transfer coefficient. The local dryout phenomenon is observed on the untreated hydrophilic surface while the super-hydrophilic surface can restrict the occurrence of local dryout phenomenon. This study proposes the modified Li (2010) correlation as a formula for calculating the heat transfer coefficient.