bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral strategies predisposing to respiratory bacterial superinfections
Authors: Rossi Giovanni A. , Fanous Hani , Colin Andrew A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAcute respiratory infections are amongst the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. Viruses are the predominant cause of such infections, but mixed etiologies with bacteria has for decades raised the question of the interplay between them in causality and determination of the outcome of such infections. In this review, we examine recent microbiological, biochemical, and immunological advances that contribute to elucidating the mechanisms by which infections by specific viruses enable bacterial infections in the airway, and exacerbate them. We analyze specific domains in which viruses play such facilitating role including enhancement of bacterial adhesion by unmasking cryptic receptors and upregulation of adhesion proteins, disruption of tight junction integrity favoring paracellular transmigration of bacteria and loss of epithelial barrier integrity, increased availability of nutrient, such as mucins and iron, alteration of innate and adaptive immune responses, and disabling defense against bacteria, and lastly, changes in airway microbiome that render the lung more vulnerable to pathogens. Separate exhaustive analysis of each domain focuses on individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), in whom viruses may play a key role in paving the way for the primary injury that leads to permanence of bacterial pathogens, viruses may then serve as triggers for “CF exacerbations”; these constituting the signature and ultimately the outcome determinants of these patients.
A synopsis of prostate organoid methodologies, applications, and limitations
Authors: Gleave Anna M. , Ci Xinpei , Lin Dong , Wang Yuzhuo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent in vitro modeling systems do not fully reflect the biologic and clinical diversity of prostate cancer (PCa). Organoids are 3D in vitro cell cultures that recapitulate disease heterogeneity, retain prostate gland architecture, and mirror parental tumor characteristics.MethodsTo make better use of organoid models in the PCa research field, we provide a review of cutting‐edge prostate organoid methodologies, applications, and limitations.ResultsWe summarize methodologies for the establishment of benign prostate and PCa organoids and describe some of the model's practical applications and challenges. We highlight the patient‐derived xenograft (PDX)‐organoid interface model, which may allow for the generation of organoids from primary and rare PCa subtypes. Finally, we discuss potential future utilizations of PCa organoids in the realms of drug development and precision oncology.Conclusions and Future DirectionsOrganoids represent a quasi in vivo modeling system that can be easily amenable to genetic modification and functional studies. As such, organoids may serve as an intermediate preclinical model for studying PCa. Future directions may include the refinement of culturing conditions to increase drug response fidelity in PCa organoids. The PDX‐organoid interface model may enable the future establishment of primary and rare subtype PCa organoid lines.
Diagnostik der akuten Organischämie
Authors: Szasz Johannes , Noitz Matthias , Dünser Martin 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff Ischämie beschreibt die Minderdurchblutung oder den kompletten Durchblutungsausfall eines oder mehrerer Organe. Der Früherkennung eines Schocks, der globalen Ischämie des Körpers, kommt eine essenzielle Bedeutung in der Notfall- und Intensivmedizin zu. Die klinische Untersuchung und Point-of-care-Labordiagnostik (z. B. Laktat, Basendefizit, zentral-/gemischtvenöse Sauerstoffsättigung, venös-arterieller Kohlendioxidpartialdruckgradient) stellen die wichtigsten Methoden zur Diagnose eines Schockzustands dar. Ein Schockzustand kann auch bei Patienten mit normo- oder hypertensiven Blutdruckwerten vorhanden sein. Im Rahmen eines Schockgeschehens kommt es zur Minderdurchblutung der Vital- und Viszeralorgane. Im 2. Teil dieses Manuskripts werden klinische, laborchemische und apparative Methoden zur Diagnose der schockassoziierten Minderdurchblutung von Gehirn, Herz, Niere und Darm zusammengefasst.
Pressure fluctuations from large-scale PIV over a serrated trailing edge
Authors: Lima Pereira Lourenco T. , Ragni Daniele , Avallone Francesco , Scarano Fulvio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Measurements of distributed surface pressure fluctuations over trailing-edge serrations at a Reynolds number $${\text{Re}}_{\theta }$$Reθ = 4900 are performed with time-resolved 3D particle imaging velocimetry using helium filled soap bubbles as flow tracers. The sparse velocity vector field obtained with Lagrangian particle tracking is densely reconstructed using VIC+, a data assimilation technique based on the vortex-in-cell method. The instantaneous pressure distribution is inferred by invoking the momentum equation. Experiments are performed first over a flat plate, as assessment of the technique, where the properties of the convecting turbulent boundary layer are assessed and surface pressure fluctuations are validated against synchronous surface microphone measurements. The analysis of the flow over the trailing-edge serration focuses on the characterization of the spatial distribution and spectral coherence of surface pressure fluctuations, i.e. the flow features responsible for the acoustic scattering. Present results indicate that the measurement technique is suited to describe the spatio-temporal development of the pressure fluctuations over the serration surface at the proposed scale of the experiments.

Graphic abstract
Current understandings in treating children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Lee Jiwon M. , Kronbichler Andreas , Shin Jae Il , Oh Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) remains a challenge for paediatric nephrologists. SRNS is viewed as a heterogeneous disease entity including immune-based and monogenic aetiologies. Because SRNS is rare, treatment strategies are individualized and vary among centres of expertise. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) have been effectively used to induce remission in patients with immune-based SRNS; however, there is still no consensus on treating children who become either CNI-dependent or CNI-resistant. Rituximab is a steroid-sparing agent for patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, but its efficacy in SRNS is controversial. Recently, several novel monoclonal antibodies are emerging as treatment option, but their efficacy remains to be seen. Non-immune therapies, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, have been proven efficacious in children with SRNS and are recommended as adjuvant agents. This review summarizes and discusses our current understandings in treating children with idiopathic SRNS.
On multiplicative independence of rational function iterates
Authors: Young Marley 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe give lower bounds for the degree of multiplicative combinations of iterates of rational functions (with certain exceptions) over a general field, establishing the multiplicative independence of said iterates. This leads to a generalisation of Gao’s method for constructing elements in the finite field $${\mathbb {F}}_{q^n}$$Fqn whose orders are larger than any polynomial in n when n becomes large. Additionally, we discuss the finiteness of polynomials which translate a given finite set of polynomials to become multiplicatively dependent.
Finding k-shortest paths with limited overlap
Authors: Chondrogiannis Theodoros , Bouros Panagiotis , Gamper Johann , Leser Ulf , Blumenthal David B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the computation of alternative paths between two locations in a road network. More specifically, we study the k-shortest paths with limited overlap ($$k\text {SPwLO}$$

k
SPwLO

) problem that aims at finding a set of k paths such that all paths are sufficiently dissimilar to each other and as short as possible. To compute $$k\text {SPwLO}$$

k
SPwLO

queries, we propose two exact algorithms, termed OnePass and MultiPass, and we formally prove that MultiPass is optimal in terms of complexity. We also study two classes of heuristic algorithms: (a) performance-oriented heuristic algorithms that trade shortness for performance, i.e., they reduce query processing time, but do not guarantee that the length of each subsequent result is minimum; and (b) completeness-oriented heuristic algorithms that trade dissimilarity for completeness, i.e., they relax the similarity constraint to return a result that contains exactly k paths. An extensive experimental analysis on real road networks demonstrates the efficiency of our proposed solutions in terms of runtime and quality of the result.
What is the outcome of re-recurrent vs recurrent inguinal hernia repairs? An analysis of 16,206 patients from the Herniamed Registry
Authors: Köckerling F. , Krüger C. , Gagarkin I. , Kuthe A. , Adolf D. , Stechemesser B. , Niebuhr H. , Jacob D. , Riediger H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The proportion of recurrent repairs in the total collective of inguinal hernia repairs among men is 11.3–14.3% and among women 7.0–7.4%. The rate of re-recurrences is reported to be 2.9–9.2%. To date, no case series has been published on second and ≥ third recurrences and their treatment outcomes. Only case reports are available.

Materials and methods
In an analysis of data from the Herniamed Registry the perioperative and 1-year follow-up outcomes of 16,206 distinct patients who had undergone first recurrent (n = 14,172; 87.4%), second recurrent (n = 1,583; 9.8%) or ≥ third recurrent (n = 451; 2.8%) inguinal hernia repair between September 1, 2009 and July 1, 2017 were compared.

Results
The intraoperative complication rate for all recurrent repairs was between 1–2%. In the postoperative complications a continuous increase was observed (first recurrence: 3.97% vs second recurrence: 5.75% vs ≥ third recurrence 8.65%; p < 0.001). That applied equally to the complication-related reoperation rates (first recurrence: 1.50% vs second recurrence: 2.21% vs ≥ third recurrence 2.66; p = 0.020). Likewise, the re-recurrence rate rose significantly (first recurrence: 1.95% vs second recurrence: 2.72% vs ≥ third recurrence 3.77; p = 0.005). Similarly, the rate of pain requiring treatment rose highly significantly with an increasing number of recurrences (first recurrence: 5.21% vs second recurrence: 6.70% vs ≥ third recurrence 10.86; p = < 0.001).

Conclusion
The repair of re-recurrences in inguinal hernia is associated with increasingly more unfavorable outcomes. For the first recurrence the guidelines should definitely be noted. For a second and ≥ third recurrence diagnostic laparoscopy may help to select the best possible surgical technique.
Evidences for better recall of congruent items in episodic memory
Authors: Laurent X. , Estévez A. F. , Marí-Beffa P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA focus of recent research is to understand the role of our own response goals in the selection of information that will be encoded in episodic memory. For example, if we respond to a target in the presence of distractors, an important aspect under study is whether the distractor and the target share a common response (congruent) or not (incongruent). Some studies have found that congruent objects tend to be grouped together and stored in episodic memory, whereas other studies found that targets in the presence of incongruent distractors are remembered better. Our current research seems to support both views. We used a Tulving-based definition of episodic memory to differentiate memory from episodic and non-episodic traces. In this task, participants first had to classify a blue object as human or animal (target) which appeared in the presence of a green one (distractor) that could belong to the same category as the target (congruent); to the opposite one (incongruent); or to an irrelevant one (neutral). Later they had to report the identity (What), location (Where) and time (When) of both target objects (which had been previously responded to) and distractors (which had been ignored). Episodic memory was inferred when the three scene properties (identity, location and time) were correct. The measure of non-episodic memory consisted of those trials in which the identity was correctly remembered, but not the location or time. Our results show that episodic memory for congruent stimuli is significantly superior to that for incongruent ones. In sharp contrast, non-episodic measures found superior memory for targets in the presence of incongruent distractors. Our results demonstrate that response compatibility affects the encoding of episodic and non-episodic memory traces in different ways.
Inhibition of JAK2 Suppresses Myelopoiesis and Atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− Mice
Authors: Tang Yang , Liu Wenli , Wang Wei , Fidler Trevor , Woods Britany , Levine Ross L. , Tall Alan R. , Wang Nan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
Increased myelopoiesis has been linked to risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACD). Excessive myelopoiesis can be driven by dyslipidemia and cholesterol accumulation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and may involve increased signaling via Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). Constitutively activating JAK2 mutants drive biased myelopoiesis and promote development of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) or clonal hematopoiesis, conditions associated with increased risk of ACD. JAK2 inhibitors have been developed as a therapy for MPNs. The potential for JAK2 inhibitors to protect against atherosclerosis has not been tested. We therefore assessed the impact of JAK2 inhibition on atherogenesis.

Methods
A selective JAK2 inhibitor TG101348 (fedratinib) or vehicle was given to high-fat high-cholesterol Western diet (WD)–fed wild-type (WT) or Apoe−/− mice. Hematopoietic cell profiles, cell proliferation, and atherosclerosis in WT or Apoe−/− mice were assessed.

Results
TG101348 selectively reversed neutrophilia, monocytosis, HSPC, and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP) expansion in Apoe−/− mice with decreased cellular phosphorylated STAT5 and ERK1/2 and reduced cell cycling and BrdU incorporation in HSPCs, indicating inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling and cell proliferation. Ten-week WD feeding allowed the development of marked aortic atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice which was substantially reduced by TG101348.

Conclusions
Selective JAK2 inhibition reduces atherogenesis by suppressing excessive myelopoiesis in hypercholesterolemic Apoe−/− mice. These findings suggest selective JAK2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach to decrease ACD risk in patients with increased myelopoiesis and leukocytosis.
Euro area reform preferences of Central and Eastern European economic experts
Authors: Blesse Sebastian , Havlik Annika , Heinemann Friedrich 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study explores the positions of economic experts from Central and Eastern European (CEE) Member States in the euro reform debate. Given the dominant voices from French and German politicians and academics in the European discourse, there is an obvious neglect for the positions of CEE countries. Our study tries to fill this gap with a large survey among economic expert communities in all CEE countries conducted in spring 2019. We compare euro reform preferences to benchmarks of surveyed experts in France, Germany, and Italy. We discuss implications for the ongoing euro area reform with a particular focus on several non-euro members’ growing reluctance to introduce the common currency. We argue that only a balanced reform package that combines solidarity with debt self-responsibility could foster the euro’s appeal in the CEE region.
Multi-Faceted Constructs in Abnormal Psychology: Implications of the Bifactor S - 1 Model for Individual Clinical Assessment
Authors: Eid Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBurns et al. (this issue) have shown that the application of the symmetrical bifactor model to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms leads to anomalous and inconsistent results across different rater groups. In contrast to the symmetrical bifactor model, applications of the bifactor S-1 model showed consistent and theoretically well-founded results. The implications of the bifactor S-1 model for individual clinical assessment are discussed. It is shown that individual factor scores of the bifactor S-1 model reveal important information about the profile of individual symptoms that is not captured by factor scores of the multidimensional model with correlated first-order factors. It is argued that for individual clinical assessment factor scores from both types of model (multidimensional model with correlated first-order factors, bifactor S -1 model) should be estimated and compared. Finally, a general strategy for choosing an appropriate model for analyzing multi-faceted constructs is presented that compares areas of applications for (1) the multidimensional model with correlated first-order factors, (2) the bifactor S-1 model with a general reference factor, and (3) the bifactor S – 1 model with a directly assessed general factor.
Enterprising Women in Southern Africa: When
Does Land Ownership Matter?
Authors: Brixiová Zuzana , Kangoye Thierry , Tregenna Fiona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLimited access to finance remains one of the major barriers for women
entrepreneurs in Africa. This paper presents a model of start-ups in which firms’ sales
and profits depend on their productivity and access to credit. However, due to the lack
of collateral assets such as land, female entrepreneurs have more constrained access to
credit than do men. Testing the model on data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys in
Eswatini, Lesotho, and Zimbabwe, we find land ownership to be important for female
entrepreneurial performance in terms of sales levels. These results suggest that the
small Southern African economies would benefit from removing obstacles to female land
tenure and enabling financial institutions to lend against movable collateral. Although
land ownership is linked with higher sales levels, it is less critical for sales growth
and innovation where access to short term loans for working capital seems to be
key.
Low-temperature thermophysical and crystallographic properties of BaZrO3 perovskite
Authors: Knight K. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe temperature dependence of the crystallographic and thermoelastic properties of BaZrO3 perovskite in the temperature range 4.2 K and 450 K has been investigated using high-resolution time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and literature values of the isobaric heat capacity. At all measured temperatures, BaZrO3 is cubic, space group $$Pm\overline{3} m$$Pm3¯m, with no clear evidence for diffuse scattering at critical points of the primitive cubic Brillouin zone. Simultaneous fitting of the temperature dependences of the isochoric heat capacity and unit cell volume showed the thermophysical properties of BaZrO3 were consistent with a two-term Debye model in which the cations and anions behave independently of one another with Debye temperatures of 220(2) K and 730(5) K, respectively. This model is further consistent with the temperature variations of the atomic displacement parameters fitted to a modified Debye model in which the vibrational Debye temperatures of the anion are significantly larger than those associated with the cations. The evolution of the crystallographic parameters of BaZrO3 is compared to those of BaCeO3, for barium in the cavity site, and SrZrO3, for zirconium in the octahedral site.
Homological perspective on edge modes in linear Yang–Mills and Chern–Simons theory
Authors: Mathieu Philippe , Murray Laura , Schenkel Alexander , Teh Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe provide an elegant homological construction of the extended phase space for linear Yang–Mills theory on an oriented and time-oriented Lorentzian manifold M with a time-like boundary $$\partial M$$∂M that was proposed by Donnelly and Freidel (JHEP 1609:102, 2016). This explains and formalizes many of the rather ad hoc constructions for edge modes appearing in the theoretical physics literature. Our construction also applies to linear Chern–Simons theory, in which case we obtain the extended phase space introduced by Geiller (Nucl Phys B 924:312, 2017).
Influenza-like illness prediction using a long short-term memory deep learning model with multiple open data sources
Authors: Yang Chao-Tung , Chen Yuan-An , Chan Yu-Wei , Lee Chia-Lin , Tsan Yu-Tse , Chan Wei-Cheng , Liu Po-Yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe influenza problem has always been an important global issue. It not only affects people’s health problems but is also an essential topic of governments and health care facilities. Early prediction and response is the most effective control method for flu epidemics. It can effectively predict the influenza-like illness morbidity, and provide reliable information to the relevant facilities. For social facilities, it is possible to strengthen epidemic prevention and care for highly sick groups. It can also be used as a reminder for the public. This study collects information on the influenza-like illness emergency department visits to the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, and the PM2.5 open-source data from the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration's air quality monitoring network. By using deep learning techniques, the relevance of short-term estimates and the outbreak calculation method can be determined. The techniques are published by the WHO to determine whether the influenza-like illness situation is still in a stage of reasonable control. Finally, historical data and future forecasted data are integrated on the web page for visual presentation, to show the actual regional air quality situation and influenza-like illness data and to predict whether there is an outbreak of influenza in the region.
Improved filtration method to isolate pure populations of primary bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells for immunological studies
Authors: Kelly Paul , Barry-Reidy Anne , Brewer Amy , Meade Kieran G. , O’Farrelly Cliona 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Isolation and culture of distinct primary endometrial cells are key to reliable in-vitro models to investigate the uterine immune response and optimse new disease interventions. Details on the isolation method and purity of distinct cell populations is lacking in currently available protocols leading to inconsistent results across laboratories.

Methods
Bovine endometrial tissue from non-pregnant bovine uteri were collected immediately post-mortem and separated using differential size filtering. Isolations (n = 15) yielded an average of 3.1 × 105 ± 0.7 × 105 epithelial cells and 1.88 × 106 ± 5.44 × 105 stromal fibroblasts per uterine horn. Following expansion in culture, the purity of cell populations was confirmed using morphology and positive staining for cytokeratin and vimentin which identifies epithelial and stromal fibroblast populations, respectively. Using PCR, cDNA from both cell populations was negative for CD45, a marker of immune cells.

Results
On challenge with a bacterial PAMP (LPS), epithelial and stromal fibroblasts showed a marked increase in the expression of the inflammatory mediators IL8, IL6, S100A8 and S100A9, with both cell populations displaying distinct expression profiles. Here we provide a detailed methodology on the culture of primary bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells and demonstrate these cells provide a physiologically relevant model for studies of endometrial inflammation and its regulation.