bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Pru du 6 as a potential marker allergen for almond allergy
Authors: Kabasser Stefan , Hafner Christine , Chinthrajah Sharon , Sindher Sayantani B. , Kumar Divya , Kost Laurie E. , Long Andrew J. , Nadeau Kari C. , Breiteneder Heimo , Bublin Merima 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral food challenges have demonstrated that diagnosis of almond allergy based on extract‐sIgE tests displays low specificity. Molecular allergy diagnosis is expected to improve accuracy, but its value in diagnosing almond allergy remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify relevant almond allergens and examine their ability to improve almond allergy diagnosis.MethodsIgE‐reactive proteins were purified from almond kernels. IgE binding to almond extract and the allergens was analyzed by quantitative ELISA using sera from 18 subjects with a proven almond allergy. The control group consisted of sera from 18 subjects allergic to peanut and/or tree nuts but tolerant to almond.ResultsThree IgE‐binding proteins were identified: legumin (Pru du 6), alpha‐hairpinin (Pru du 8), and mandelonitrile lyase (Pru du 10). Positive IgE (≥0.35 kU/L) to almond extract showed 94% sensitivity but only 33% specificity. IgE to Pru du 6 maintained high sensitivity (83%) and provided superior specificity (78%). Sera from almond‐allergic subjects had significantly higher IgE levels to almond extract (P < .0001) and Pru du 6 (P < .0001) than sera from tolerant donors. Sensitization to Pru du 6 was highly specific for almond allergy, while frequencies of sensitization to legumins from peanut, walnut, hazelnut, and cashew were similar in both groups. IgE to Pru du 8 and Pru du 10 was less sensitive (41% and 67%), but showed specificities of 100% and 61%.ConclusionThe use of almond allergens markedly increases the diagnostic specificity compared to the extract. Pru du 6 is a potential new molecular marker for almond allergy.
The Abdominal Re‐Approximation Anchor device (ABRA®) has the potential to be useful in both emergency and elective dynamic temporary fascial closure
Authors: Chen Nelson , McLaren Mairi , Slater Kellee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe management of an open abdomen (OA) remains an evolving field because of its relative rarity. Many techniques to achieve temporary abdominal closure exist, but often require multiple returns to the operating theatre and usually do not address the issue of lateral fascial retraction and do not achieve primary fascial closure (PFC). The ensuing incisional hernias result in a significant surgical challenge affecting both the physical and mental health of the patient. We describe our experience with the Abdominal Re‐approximation Anchor (ABRA) device, which addresses some of these issues.MethodsThe records of patients with an OA managed by a single surgeon using the ABRA device at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia, between December 2014 and April 2020 were analysed retrospectively.ResultsSix patients with OA were managed with the ABRA. All patients required an OA for the ramification of intraabdominal sepsis. Three patients were managed with the ABRA device electively and three in the acute setting. 100% of patients achieved PFC. Average follow‐up was 40 months with three developing incisional hernias that were subsequently repaired.ConclusionThe OA in critically ill surgical patients remains one of the most challenging problems in general surgery. The ABRA device is simple to use and has shown positive outcomes in both the acute and elective setting. Our use has resulted in 100% PFC, which demonstrates that the ABRA device is an important tool for the general surgeon in managing these complex cases.
Protein O‐GlcNAcylation levels are regulated independently of dietary intake in a tissue and time‐specific manner during rat postnatal development
Authors: Dupas Thomas , Denis Manon , Dontaine Justine , Persello Antoine , Bultot Laurent , Erraud Angélique , Vertommen Didier , Bouchard Bertrand , Tessier Arnaud , Rivière Matthieu , Lebreton Jacques , Bigot‐Corbel Edith , Montnach Jérôme , De Waard Michel , Gauthier Chantal , Burelle Yan , Olson Aaron K. , Rozec Bertrand , Des Rosiers Christine , Bertrand Luc , Issad Tarik , Lauzier Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimMetabolic sources switch from carbohydrates in utero, to fatty acids after birth and then a mix once adults. O‐GlcNAcylation (O‐GlcNAc) is a post‐translational modification considered as a nutrient sensor. The purpose of this work was to assess changes in protein O‐GlcNAc levels, regulatory enzymes and metabolites during the first periods of life and decipher the impact of O‐GlcNAcylation on cardiac proteins.MethodsHeart, brain and liver were harvested from rats before and after birth (D‐1 and D0), in suckling animals (D12), after weaning with a standard (D28) or a low‐carbohydrate diet (D28F), and adults (D84). O‐GlcNAc levels and regulatory enzymes were evaluated by western blots. Mass spectrometry (MS) approaches were performed to quantify levels of metabolites regulating O‐GlcNAc and identify putative cardiac O‐GlcNAcylated proteins.ResultsProtein O‐GlcNAc levels decrease drastically and progressively from D‐1 to D84 (13‐fold, P < .05) in the heart, whereas the changes were opposite in liver and brain. O‐GlcNAc levels were unaffected by weaning diet in any tissues. Changes in expression of enzymes and levels of metabolites regulating O‐GlcNAc were tissue‐dependent. MS analyses identified changes in putative cardiac O‐GlcNAcylated proteins, namely those involved in the stress response and energy metabolism, such as ACAT1, which is only O‐GlcNAcylated at D0.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that protein O‐GlcNAc levels are not linked to dietary intake and regulated in a time and tissue‐specific manner during postnatal development. We have identified by untargeted MS putative proteins with a particular O‐GlcNAc signature across the development process suggesting specific role of these proteins.
Decreased alpha‐1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine glycosylation in biliary tract cancer progression from biliary intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive adenocarcinoma
Authors: Okumura Motohiro , Yamanoi Kazuhiro , Uehara Takeshi , Nakayama Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiliary tract cancer (BTC) is typically lethal due to the difficulty of early stage diagnosis. Thus, novel biomarkers of BTC precursors are necessary. Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) is a major precursor of BTC and is classified as low or high grade based on cell atypia. In normal gastric mucosa, gastric gland mucin‐specific O‐glycans are unique in having α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) attached to MUC6. Previously, we reported that αGlcNAc functions as a tumor suppressor of differentiated‐type gastric adenocarcinoma and that decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation on MUC6 in gastric, pancreatic, and uterine cervical neoplasms occurs in cancer as well as in their precursor lesions. However, αGlcNAc and MUC6 expression patterns in biliary tract neoplasms have remained unclear. Here, we analyzed MUC5AC, MUC6, and αGlcNAc expression status in 51 BTC cases and compared the expression of each with progression from low‐grade BilIN to invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). The frequency of αGlcNAc‐positive and MUC6‐positive lesions decreased with tumor progression. When we compared each marker’s expression level with tumor progression, we found that the MUC6 expression score in IAC was significantly lower than in low‐grade or high‐grade BilIN (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01, respectively). However, the αGlcNAc expression score was low irrespective of histological grade, and also lower than that of MUC6 across all histological grades (P < 0.001 for low‐grade and high‐grade BilIN, and P < 0.01 for IAC). These results suggest that decreased expression of αGlcNAc relative to MUC6 marks the initiation of BTC progression.
Age of onset and behavioral manifestations in Huntington's disease: An Enroll‐HD cohort analysis
Authors: Ranganathan Megha , Kostyk Sandra K. , Allain Dawn C. , Race Jonathan A. , Daley Allison M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuntington's disease is associated with motor, cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. Behavioral symptoms may present before, after, or simultaneously with clinical disease manifestation. The relationship between age of onset and behavioral symptom presentation and severity was explored using the Enroll‐HD database. Manifest individuals (n = 4469) were initially divided into three groups for preliminary analysis: early onset (<30 years; n = 479); mid‐adult onset (30‐59 years; n = 3478); and late onset (>59 years; n = 512). Incidence of behavioral symptoms reported at onset was highest in those with early onset symptoms at 26% (n = 126), compared with 19% (n = 678) for mid‐adult onset and 11% (n = 56) for late onset (P < 0.0001). Refined analysis, looking across the continuum of ages rather than between categorical subgroups found that a one‐year increase in age of onset was associated with a 5.6% decrease in the odds of behavioral symptoms being retrospectively reported as the presenting symptom (P < 0.0001). By the time of study enrollment, the odds of reporting severe behavioral symptoms decreased by 5.5% for each one‐year increase in reported age of onset. Exploring environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors that affect age of onset and further characterizing types and severity of behavioral symptoms may improve treatment and understanding of Huntington's disease's impact on affected individuals.
An enhanced recovery programme improves the comfort and outcomes in children with obstructive sleep apnoea undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A retrospective historical control study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Dawei , Chen Xiumei , Ma Jiahai , Song Xicheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effects of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme on postoperative rehabilitation in children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) during the perioperative period of adenotonsillectomy.DesignA retrospective historical control study.SettingService improvement project.ParticipantsThe study included 394 children with OSA (207 males, 187 females; age range, 2.5 years to 14 years) who underwent adenotonsillectomy.Main outcome measuresThe children who had undergone adenoidal ablation and bilateral tonsillectomy were divided into an ERAS group (208 patients) treated with the combined optimisation measures and a control group (186 patients) treated with traditional measures during the perioperative period. The postoperative incidence of complications, pain scores, anxiety scores and postoperative diets in the two groups were assessed.ResultsPatients in the ERAS group had significantly a lower overall complication rate and incidence of fever for 2 weeks of follow‐up when compared to patients in the control group through the application of perioperative optimisation measures. Furthermore, patients in the ERAS group had less post‐surgical pain, had better dietary intake at days 1, 3 and 7 after surgery and had lower preoperative anxiety scores after admission education and while waiting in the operation room.ConclusionThe ERAS programme consisting of combined optimisation measures can reduce physical and psychological trauma during the perioperative period of adenotonsillectomy performed for children with OSA.
Human adaptation strategies are key to cobenefits in human–wildlife systems
Authors: Killion Alexander K. , Ramirez Julianna M. , Carter Neil H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSustainable development goals such as global food security and biodiversity conservation can conflict because these efforts create situations where humans and wildlife share landscapes, often leading to interactions that detrimentally affect both groups. Therefore, coexistence between humans and wildlife is more likely when adaptation strategies produce and sustain cobenefits, rather than benefitting one group only. However, we lack a good understanding of how different social and ecological factors contribute to cobenefit outcomes, which limits our opportunities to address local issues and scale up successful conservation actions. Here, we performed the first global review of the human–wildlife interaction literature to assess which human adaptation strategies generated cobenefits and how stakeholder involvement and other context‐specific conditions mediated those outcomes. We found that active guarding, fencing, repellents, and socioeconomic mechanisms consistently led to cobenefits across species and contexts. Thus, these interventions might be the best candidates for scaling up coexistence from local to regional or national scales. Surprisingly, stakeholder involvement was less consequential than other variables, yet, overall, it played an important role in sustaining cobenefits regardless of adaptation strategy or social–ecological context. We highlight future research directions to help manage tradeoffs and achieve sustainable coexistence outcomes in shared landscapes.
Describing the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on alcohol‐induced blackout tweets
Authors: Ward Rose Marie , Riordan Benjamin C. , Merrill Jennifer E. , Raubenheimer Jacques 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsCOVID‐19, considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization, overwhelmed hospitals in the USA. In parallel to the growing pandemic, alcohol sales grew in the USA, with people stockpiling alcohol. Alcohol‐induced blackouts are one particularly concerning consequence of heavy drinking, and the extent to which blackout prevalence may change in the context of a pandemic is unknown. The purpose of the current study is to describe the prevalence of publicly available tweets in the USA referencing alcohol‐induced blackouts prior to and during the COVID‐19 outbreak.Design and MethodsWe used Crimson Hexagon's ForSight tool to access all original English tweets written in the USA that referenced alcohol‐related blackouts in 2019 and 2020. Using infoveillance methods, we tracked changes in the number and proportion of tweets about blackouts.ResultsMore alcohol‐related blackout tweets were written between 13 March and 24 April in 2020 than 2019. In addition, a greater proportion of all tweets referenced blackouts in 2020 than in 2019. In the period prior to the ‘stay at home’ orders (January to mid‐March), the proportion of blackout tweets were higher in 2020 than 2019.Discussion and ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that references to high‐risk drinking persist during the pandemic despite restrictions on large social gatherings. Given that the internet is a common source of information for COVID‐19, the frequent posting about blackouts during this period might normalise the behaviour. This is concerning because alcohol use increases susceptibility to COVID‐19, and alcohol‐related mortality can further tax hospital resources.
Identification of frailty and sarcopenia in hospitalised older people
Authors: Echeverria Iñaki , Besga Ariadna , Sanz Begoña , Amasene María , Hervás Gotzone , Barroso Julia , Rodriguez‐Larrad Ana , Irazusta Jon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with frailty and/or sarcopenia have an increased risk of negative health outcomes. However, their diagnosis is often difficult. Considering the potential value of myostatin and follistatin as biomarkers of these conditions, we aimed to compare the association between both myokines and frailty and/or sarcopenia in post‐hospitalised older people. In addition, the capability of myostatin and follistatin for identifying frailty and sarcopenia was compared with physical tests.Materials and methodsParticipants in this cross‐sectional study consisted of 84 post‐hospitalised patients immediately after discharge. Participants met the following inclusion criteria: aged ≥ 70 years, score of ≥20 on the Mini‐Mental State Examination, and able to stand up and walk independently for at least 4 m. Serum myostatin and follistatin concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Body measures and results from 4 physical tests (hand grip, chair stand, 8‐foot timed Up and Go (8TUG) and gait speed (GS)) were also recorded. Frailty was evaluated by the Fried index, and sarcopenia by the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People.ResultsMyostatin concentration was lower and follistatin concentration higher in people with frailty or sarcopenia. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that GS and 8TUG tests had the greatest capability for identifying frailty. Myostatin was the only variable capable of identifying sarcopenia.ConclusionMyostatin may be a useful biomarker for sarcopenia in post‐hospitalised older adults. However, it has a lower capability for identifying frailty than physical tests. Further studies using larger samples and these myokines together with other biomarkers are warranted.
Relationship between European postgraduate programme accreditation and national research output: The case of the Network of Erasmus‐Based European Orthodontic Postgraduate Programmes (NEBEOP) in orthodontics. A bibliometric study
Authors: Rafflenbeul Frédéric , Dot Gauthier , Séverac François , Bolender Yves 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess in each European country the correlation between the number of Network of Erasmus‐Based European Orthodontic Postgraduate Programmes (NEBEOP) members and orthodontic research activity. Secondary objectives were to describe and quantify Europe's orthodontic research.Materials and methodsArticles published between 2014 and 2018 in 4 major orthodontic journals (American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, European Journal of Orthodontics, The Angle Orthodontist, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research) and oral presentation abstracts of five European Orthodontic Society (EOS) congresses were analysed. For each European country, the total number of orthodontic programmes and NEBEOP memberships were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed, and Spearman correlation coefficients and risk ratios were calculated.Results2039 articles and 261 oral presentation abstracts were included. Correlation coefficients between national number of publications, oral presentations, sum of these, all adjusted for population, and number of NEBEOP members in each country were 0.64, 0.65 and 0.62, respectively. Risk ratios were all above 1 and statistically significant for number of NEBEOP memberships per country, indicating positive associations with national orthodontic research productivity. Europe accounted for 30.5% of publications and 68.6% of oral presentations at EOS congresses during this period. European orthodontic research was not evenly distributed, since 9 countries were responsible for around 80% of the output.ConclusionsA positive association was found between number of NEBEOP programmes and national research activity. These results could be an additional argument to support similar pan‐European initiatives and guidelines for postgraduate education, not only in orthodontics but in all other dental specialties.
Academic performance of dental students: A randomised trial comparing live, audio recorded and video recorded lectures
Authors: Shqaidef Abedalrahman J. , Abu‐Baker Dima , Al‐Bitar Zaid Bakri , Badran Serene , Hamdan Ahmad M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the academic performance of 4th‐year dental students randomly divided into three learning groups: live lecture, video recorded lecture and audio recorded lecture. To assess students’ attitudes towards the three learning methods.Materials and methods4th‐year undergraduate students, enrolled in the Orthodontics Theory—1 course, were randomised into three groups receiving different teaching methods; video recorded lecture, audio recorded lecture and live lecture. Subjects were asked to answer two open‐ended questions. The first was a simple basic knowledge question in which the answer involved transcribing information from the question, while the second required analytical thinking. Students were also asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their attitudes towards the three learning methods.Results94 students participated in the study and were randomly allocated to each learning method. There were no significant differences in scores between the 3 study groups when answering the basic knowledge question (P > .05). The mean score for the analytic question was significantly higher for the live lecture and video recorded lecture groups compared to the audio recorded lecture group (P < .05). The majority of students agreed that lectures were an essential part of their learning experience and that lectures allowed interaction between students and lecturer. Two‐thirds of students reported that watching a video recorded lecture provided a similar learning experience to attending a live lecture.ConclusionVideo recorded, audio recorded and live lectures were found to be equally effective for providing basic knowledge. Video recorded and live lectures were more effective than audio recorded lecture at assessing higher levels of analytical thinking. Students attending video recorded lecture performed as well as those attending the live lecture.
Statistical analysis of unidirectional and reciprocal chemical connections in the C. elegans connectome
Authors: Wright Edgar A.P. , Goltsev Alexander V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyze unidirectional and reciprocally connected pairs of neurons in the chemical connectomes of the male and hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans, using recently published data. Our analysis reveals that reciprocal connections provide communication between most neurons with chemical synapses, and comprise on average more synapses than both unidirectional connections and the entire connectome. We further reveal that the C. elegans connectome is wired so that afferent connections onto neurons with large numbers of presynaptic neighbors (in‐degree) comprise an above‐average number of synapses (synaptic multiplicity). Notably, the larger the in‐degree of a neuron the larger the synaptic multiplicity of its afferent connections. Finally, we show that the male forms two times fewer reciprocal connections between sex‐shared neurons than the hermaphrodite, but a large number of reciprocal connections with male‐specific neurons. These observations provide evidence for Hebbian structural plasticity in the C. elegans.
A modified butterfly optimization algorithm: An adaptive algorithm for global optimization and the support vector machine
Authors: Hu Kun , Jiang Hao , Ji Chen‐Guang , Pan Ze 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA modified adaptive butterfly optimization algorithm is established with the aim of addressing the “early search blindness” and the relatively poor adaptability of the sensory modality. A normal‐distribution‐based model and a Weibull‐distribution‐based adaptive model of sensory modalities are respectively proposed for the global search process and iteration process. Among them, the Weibull‐distribution‐based adaptive model of sensory modalities is mainly manifested as the c value, that is, the adaptive change trend based on the Weibull model. The performance of the modified butterfly optimization algorithm is validated using a 14‐benchmark test function and compared with performances of some latest algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the modified algorithm performs competitively in terms of accuracy and stability. Following the experiment, the modified algorithm is further tested by running a support‐vector‐machine prediction model based on engineering data of a pipe belt conveyor's flat‐pipe/pipe‐flat transition segment. The results of the modified algorithm are then compared with test‐run outcomes of the back‐propagation prediction model and KCV‐SVM model. The results show that the prediction error is well within 10%, demonstrating the method's competence as a reliable reference for future designs of pipe belt conveyors.