bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction of tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine and cinnamaldehyde in methanol
Authors: Moiseev Dmitry V. , Malysheva Yulia B. , Gushchin Aleksey V. , James Brian R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReaction of tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine with excess cinnamaldehyde in CH3OH or CD3OD, followed using NMR, proceeds via several phosphorus‐containing intermediates, multiple transformations of organic parts, and with the solvent H/D isotope effect on products. In both solvents, one CH2OH group of tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine is readily replaced by the cinnamaldehyde moiety to give the primary product, a 1,3‐oxaphosphorinane derivative. Slower replacement of the second CH2OH group leads to a mixture of aliphatic and heterocyclic phosphine intermediates in a ratio of ~4:1 in CH3OH and ~1:1 in CD3OD; both intermediates contain alcohol and aldehyde groups and convert rapidly into intra‐ and intermolecular hemiacetals. The hemiacetals of the aliphatic phosphine rearrange further into an unsymmetrical trialkylphosphine oxide, whereas the hemiacetals of the heterocyclic phosphine react with the third mole of cinnamaldehyde to replace the third CH2OH group of tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine. All intermediates and products are formed as mixtures of stereoisomers.
Synthesis, anti‐platelet aggregation activity evaluation and structure–activity relationships of a series of novel purine derivatives
Authors: Li Shunlai , Zhou Cheng , Yu Mingwu , He Qiwen , Du Hongguang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article described how further extensive variation of the substituents on the purine scaffold of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the human anti‐platelet aggregation activities were modified in order to find exploitation of the structure–activity relationships (SAR). A series of novel designed 6‐alkylamino‐2‐alkylthio‐9‐hydroxyalkyl(carbalkoxy) purine derivatives were synthesized via a modification procedure, and the human anti‐platelet aggregation activities were evaluated. The SAR of these compounds were analyzed in detail, and the results of the structural requirements of the substituents to improve potency may provide a basis for the development of potent P2Y12 antagonists.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Yang Fan , Shi Shaobo , Zhu Jiling , Shi Jinzhi , Dai Kai , Chen Xiaobei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis retrospective study aimed to analysis clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients with novel coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19). Medical records, laboratory results and radiologic findings of 52 cancer patients with COVID‐19 were collected, clinical characteristics and outcomes were summarized. A total of 52 cancer patients with COVID‐19 were included. Median age of 52 cancer patients with COVID‐19 was 63 years (34‐98). Thirty‐three (63.5%) patients were mild and 19 (36.5%) were severe/critical. Lung cancer was the most frequent cancer type (10, 19.2%). The common symptoms were as follows: fever (25%), dry cough (17.3%), chest distress (11.5%), and fatigue (9.6%). There were 33 (63.5%) patients had comorbidities, the most common symptom was hypertension (17, 51.5%). Twenty‐six (78.8%) patients developed pneumonia on admission. Lymphocytes (0.6 × 109/L) decreased in both mild and severe/critical patients. Median levels of D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and lactate dehydrogenase were 2.8 mg/L, 70.5 mg/L, 0.3 ng/mL, and 318 U/L, respectively, which increased significantly in severe/critical patients compared with the mild patients. Interleukin‐6 (12.6  pg/mL) increased in both mild and severe/critical patients, there was a significant difference between them. Complications were observed in 29 (55.8%) patients, such as liver injury (19, 36.5%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (9, 17.3%), sepsis (8, 15.4%), myocardial injury (8, 15.4%), renal insufficiency (4, 7.7%), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (3, 5.8%). Eleven (21.2%) patients with cancer died. The infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in patients with cancer was higher than the general population, cancer patients with COVID‐19 showed deteriorating conditions and poor outcomes.
Hepatic involvement in COVID‐19 patients: Pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical implications
Authors: Li Yueying , Xiao Shu‐Yuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), it has been observed that hepatic injury occurs in a significant proportion of patients, particularly in those with severe or critical illness. Mild increase in sinusoidal lymphocytic infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation, steatosis and multifocal hepatic necrosis are the pathologic changes reported. Direct viral‐induced cellular injuries and potential hepatotoxicity from therapeutic drugs are two likely underlying mechanisms. In addition, the pre‐existing chronic liver disease exacerbated during COVID‐19, and COVID‐19‐related hyperinflammatory reactions may contribute to liver injury as well. Further studies of additional autopsy cases will help clarifying these possibilities.
Transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in 104 outside‐Wuhan patients, China
Authors: Qiu Chengfeng , Deng Ziwei , Xiao Qian , Shu Yuanlu , Deng Ye , Wang Hongqiang , Liao Xin , Liu Huiwen , Zhou Dinghui , Zhao Xiang , Zhou Jianliang , Wang Jin , Shi Zhihua , Long Da 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) emigrating from Wuhan escalated the risk of spreading the disease in other cities. This report focused on outside‐Wuhan patients to assess the transmission and clinical characteristics of this illness. Contact investigation was conducted on each patient who was admitted to the assigned hospitals in Hunan Province (geographically adjacent to Wuhan) from 22 January to 23 February 2020. Cases were confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction test. Demographic, clinical, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Of the 104 patients, 48 (46.15%) were cases who immigrated from Wuhan; 93 (89.42%) had a definite contact history with infection. Family clusters were the major body of patients. Transmission along the chain of three “generations” was observed. Five asymptomatic infected cases were found and two of them infected their relatives. Mean age was 43 (range, 8‐84) years, and 49 (47.12%) were male. The median incubation period was 6 (range, 1‐32) days, which of 8 patients ranged from 18 to 32 days, 96 (92.31%) were discharged, and 1 (0.96%) died. The average hospital stay was 10 (range, 8‐14) days. Family but not community transmission became the main body of infections in the two centers, suggesting the timely control measures after the Wuhan shutdown worked well. Asymptomatic transmission demonstrated here warned us that it may lead to the widespread of COVID‐19. A 14‐day quarantine may need to be prolonged.
Patient characteristics, procedure details including catheter devices, and complications of catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia: a nationwide observational study
Authors: Kitamura Takeshi , Nakajima Mikio , Kawamura Iwanari , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fukamizu Seiji , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundNationwide data are insufficient with respect to the characteristics of patients undergoing ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation, complications of VT ablation, and procedure details including catheter devices used during VT ablation. The present study was performed to describe the patient characteristics, procedure details including catheter devices, and in‐hospital complications of catheter ablation for VT using a national inpatient database.MethodsWe used the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, a national Japanese inpatient database, to identify patients who underwent VT ablation from July 2010 to March 2017. We examined patients’ age, gender, baseline diseases, comorbid conditions, admission status, catheter devices and drugs used, and in‐hospital complications of VT ablation.ResultsWe identified 10 641 patients (median age, 61 years) who underwent VT ablation. The most frequently observed background heart disease among patients with structural heart disease was ischemic cardiomyopathy. An irrigated ablation catheter was used in 73% of patients, a force‐sensing ablation catheter was used in 22%, and intracardiac echocardiography was used in 25%. The frequency of using these procedures continuously increased over time. Overall, the prevalence of in‐hospital complications was 3.5% (cardiac tamponade, 0.8%; stroke, 0.6%; critical bleeding, 1.9%; mechanical circulatory support, 0.9%; and in‐hospital death, 0.8%).ConclusionsThe results of this study show the clinical features of VT ablation in a real‐world clinical setting. The use of irrigated catheters, force‐sensing catheters, and intracardiac echocardiography increased over time. The prevalence of in‐hospital complications was 3.5%.
Image‐based design and 3D‐metal printing of a rat hip implant for use in a clinically representative model of joint replacement
Authors: Paish Adam D. M. , Nikolov Hristo N. , Welch Ian D. , El‐Warrak Alexander O. , Teeter Matthew G. , Naudie Douglas D. R. , Holdsworth David W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to obtain micro‐computed tomography derived measurements of the rat proximal femur, to create parameterized rat hip implants that could be surgically installed in a clinically representative small animal model of joint replacement. The proximal femoral anatomy of N = 25 rats (male, Sprague‐Dawley, 390‐605 g) was quantified. Key measurements were used to parameterize computer‐aided design models of monoblock rat femoral implants. Linear regression analysis was used to determine if rat hip dimensions could be predicted from animal weight. A correlation analysis was used to determine how implants could be scaled to create a range of sizes. Additive manufacturing (3D printing) was used to create implants in medical‐grade metal alloys. Linear regressions comparing rat weight to femoral head diameter and neck‐head axis length revealed a significant nonzero slope (P < .05). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed five significant correlations between key measurements in the rat femur (P < .05). Implants were installed into both cadaveric and live animals; iterative design modifications were made to prototypes based on these surgical findings. Animals were able to tolerate the installation of implants and were observed ambulating on their affected limbs postoperatively. Clinical significance: We have developed a preclinical rat hip hemiarthroplasty model using image‐based and iterative design techniques to create 3D‐metal printed implants in medical‐grade metal alloys. Our findings support further development of this model for use as a low‐cost translational test platform for preclinical orthopaedic research into areas such as osseointegration, metal‐on‐cartilage wear, and periprosthetic joint infection.
Predicting Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma With Negative Axillary Ultrasound Results Using Conventional Ultrasound and Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Zhu An‐Qi , Li Xiao‐Long , An Li‐Wei , Guo Le‐Hang , Fu Hui‐Jun , Sun Li‐Ping , Xu Hui‐Xiong 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to establish a scoring system for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) in patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma with negative axillary ultrasound (US) results.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 156 breast invasive ductal carcinoma lesions from 156 women were retrospectively enrolled. The features of conventional US and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) qualitative enhancement patterns and quantitative enhancement parameters were analyzed. Subsequently, a scoring system was created by a multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe results found that 60 patients (38%) showed ALNM. A scoring system was defined as risk score = 1.75 × (if lesion size ≥20 mm) + 1.93 × (if uncircumscribed margin shown on conventional US) + 1.77 × (if coarse or twisting penetrating vessels shown on CEUS). When the risk scores were less than 1.75, 1.75 to 1.93, 1.94 to 3.70, and 3.70 or higher, the risk rates of ALNM were 0% (0 of 9), 10.7% (5 of 46), 29.2% (14 of 48) and 77.4% (41 of 53), respectively. In comparison with conventional US alone, the scoring system using the combination of conventional US and CEUS showed better discrimination ability in terms of the area under the curve (0.830 versus 0.777; P = .037).ConclusionsA scoring system based on conventional US and CEUS may improve the prediction of ALNM.
Laryngotracheal Mucosal Surface Expression of Candidate Biomarkers in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Liu Melissa M. , Motz Kevin M. , Murphy Michael K. , Yin Linda X. , Ding Dacheng , Gelbard Alexander , Hillel Alexander T. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesIdiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is an inflammatory process leading to fibrosis and narrowing of the laryngotracheal airway. There is variability in patient response to surgical intervention, but the mechanisms underlying this variability are unknown. In this pilot study, we measure expression of candidate targets at the mucosal surface of the subglottis in iSGS patients. We aim to identify putative biomarkers for iSGS that provide insights into the molecular basis of disease progression, yield a gene signature for the disease, and/or predict a response to therapy.Study DesignIn vitro comparative study of human cells.MethodsLevels of candidate transcripts and proteins were measured in healthy and stenotic laryngotracheal tissue specimens taken from the mucosal surface in 16 iSGS patients undergoing endoscopic balloon dilation. Pre‐ and post‐operative pulmonary function test and patient reported voice and breathing outcomes were also assessed. Unsupervised clustering was used to define patient subgroups based on expression profile.ResultsPulmonary function and voice and breathing outcome metrics demonstrated significant post‐operative improvement. Transcript levels of αSMA, CCL2, COL1A1, COL3A1, FN1, IFNG, and TGFB1 and protein levels of CCL2, IFNG, and IL‐6 were significantly upregulated in stenotic as compared to healthy tissues. Marked heterogeneity was observed in the patterns of expression of candidate markers across individuals and tissue types. Patient subgroups defined by expression profile did not show a statistically significant difference in dilation interval.ConclusionPro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic pathways are significantly upregulated along the mucosal surface of stenotic laryngotracheal tissues, and CCL2 and IFNG merit further investigation as potential iSGS biomarkers.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:342–349, 2021
Which Anesthesia Regimen Is Best to Reduce Pulmonary Complications After Head and Neck Surgery?
Authors: Zhou Dan , Zhu Xi , Wang Likuan , Yang Xudong , Liu Yun , Zhang Xiang 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe differences between intravenous and inhalation anesthesia in clinical postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) have been studied in cardiac and lung resection surgery. Clinical evidence for the effects of these two anesthetics on PPCs in other types of surgery is still missing. We aimed to assess the impact of sevoflurane and propofol on the incidence of PPCs in patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer.Study DesignDouble‐blind, randomized, controlled trial.MethodsWe assigned 220 adults at intermediate‐to‐high risk of PPCs scheduled for head and neck cancer surgery with radial forearm or fibular flap reconstruction to either propofol or sevoflurane as a general anesthetic. The occurrence of pulmonary complications according to the Clavien‐Dindo score was defined as the primary (within 7 days after surgery) outcome.ResultsThe PPC incidence during 7 days after surgery was 32.4% and 18.2% in the propofol and sevoflurane groups, respectively (P = .027). The corresponding incidence of PPCs in patients who underwent tracheotomy at the end of surgery in the two groups was 44.8% and 24.5%, respectively (P = .030). In addition, the Clavien‐Dindo classification showed significant differences between groups in minor complications (grades I and II) but not in major complications (grades III–V).ConclusionsCompared with intravenous anesthesia, the administration of sevoflurane reduces the incidence of minor PPCs (grades I and II) in moderate‐ and high‐risk patients who have undergone tracheotomy after head and neck cancer surgery with radial forearm or fibular flap reconstruction.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 131:E108–E115, 2021
The GRIA3 c.2477G > A Variant Causes an Exaggerated Startle Reflex, Chorea, and Multifocal Myoclonus
Authors: Piard Juliette , Béreau Matthieu , XiangWei Wenshu , Wirth Thomas , Amsallem Daniel , Buisson Lauren , Richard Philippe , Liu Nana , Xu Yuchen , Myers Scott J. , Traynelis Stephen F. , Chelly Jameleddine , Anheim Mathieu , Raynaud Martine , Maldergem Lionel Van , Yuan Hongjie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHemizygous mutations in GRIA3 encoding the GluA3 subunit of the amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor are known to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disability, hypotonia, an autism spectrum disorder, sleep disturbances, and epilepsy in males.ObjectiveTo describe a new and consistent phenotype in 4 affected male patients associated with an undescribed deleterious variant in GRIA3.MethodsWe evaluated a large French family in which segregate a singular phenotype according to an apparent X‐linked mode of inheritance. Molecular analyses using next generation sequencing and in vitro functional studies using 2‐electrode voltage clamp recordings on Xenopus laevis oocytes and a β‐lactamase reporter assay in transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells were performed.ResultsIn addition to mild intellectual disability and dysarthria, affected patients presented a tightly consistent early‐onset movement disorder combining an exaggerated startle reflex with generalized chorea and multifocal myoclonus. The unreported GRIA3 missense variant c.2477G > A; p.(Gly826Asp) affecting the fourth transmembrane domain of the protein was identified in index patients and their unaffected mothers. Functional studies revealed that variant receptors show decreased current response evoked by agonist (ie, kainic acid and glutamate) and reduced expression on the cell surface in favor of pathogenicity by a loss‐of‐function mechanism.ConclusionsTaken together, our results suggest that apart from known GRIA3‐related disorders, an undescribed mutation‐specific singular movement disorder does exist. We thus advocate considering GRIA3 mutations in the differential diagnosis of hyperekplexia and generalized chorea with myoclonus. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Frequency increase of an InP‐based HBT using improved layout design and base‐collector undercut process
Authors: Lee Jongwon , Lee Kiwon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, an improved layout design and a base‐collector undercut etching process have been proposed and demonstrated for a high‐speed InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). The fabricated HBT using proposed methods has a smaller parasitic base‐collector (B‐C) area, resulting in reduced B‐C capacitance (CBC), a reduction of 36% compared to that in the conventional HBT. A current gain cutoff frequency (fT) and a maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of the proposed HBT have been increased from 110 to 131 GHz and from 112 to 131 GHz due to the reduced CBC. These results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed technique for the HBTs.
Technical Note: Flattening filter free beam from Halcyon linac: Evaluation of the profile parameters for quality assurance
Authors: Fogliata A. , Cayez R. , Garcia R. , Khamphan C. , Reggiori G. , Scorsetti M. , Cozzi L. 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe use of flattening filter free (FFF) beams generated by standard linear accelerators is increasing in the clinical practice. The radiation intensity peaked toward the beam central axis is properly managed in the optimization process of treatment planning through intensity modulation. Specific FFF parameters for profile analysis, as unflatness and slope for FFF beams, based on the renormalization factor concept has been introduced for quality assurance purposes. Recently, Halcyon, an O‐ring based linear accelerator equipped with a 6 MV FFF beam only has been introduced by Varian.MethodsRenormalization factors and related fit parameters according to Fogliata et al. [“Definition of parameters for quality assurance of FFF photon beams in radiation therapy,” Med. Phys. 39, 6455–6464 (2012)] have been evaluated for the 6 MV FFF beam generated by Halcyon units. The Halcyon representative beam data provided by Varian were used. Dose fall‐off at the field edges was matched with an unflattened beam generated by a 6 MV from a TrueBeam linac. Consistency of the results was evaluated against measurements on a clinical Halcyon unit, as well as a TrueBeam 6 MV FFF for comparison.ResultsThe five parameters in the analytical equation for estimating the renormalization factor were determined with an R2 of 0.997. The comparison of the unflatness parameters between the Halcyon representative and hospital beam data was consistent within a range of 0.6%. Consistently with the computed parameters, the Halcyon profiles resulted in a less pronounced peak than TrueBeam.ConclusionRenormalization factors and related fit parameters from the 6 MV FFF beam generated by the Varian Halcyon unit are provided.
Retrospective rigid motion correction of three‐dimensional magnetic resonance fingerprinting of the human brain
Authors: Kurzawski Jan W. , Cencini Matteo , Peretti Luca , Gómez Pedro A. , Schulte Rolf F. , Donatelli Graziella , Cosottini Mirco , Cecchi Paolo , Costagli Mauro , Retico Alessandra , Tosetti Michela , Buonincontri Guido 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo obtain three‐dimensional (3D), quantitative and motion‐robust imaging with magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF).MethodsOur acquisition is based on a 3D spiral projection k‐space scheme. We compared different orderings of trajectory interleaves in terms of rigid motion‐correction robustness. In all tested orderings, we considered the whole dataset as a sum of 56 segments of 7‐s duration, acquired sequentially with the same flip angle schedule. We performed a separate image reconstruction for each segment, producing whole‐brain navigators that were aligned to the first segment using normalized correlation. The estimated rigid motion was used to correct the k‐space data, and the aligned data were matched with the dictionary to obtain motion‐corrected maps.ResultsA significant improvement on the motion‐affected maps after motion correction is evident with the suppression of motion artifacts. Correlation with the motionless baseline improved by 20% on average for both T1 and T2 estimations after motion correction. In addition, the average motion‐induced quantification bias of 70 ms for T1 and 18 ms for T2 values was reduced to 12 ms and 6 ms, respectively, improving the reliability of quantitative estimations.ConclusionWe established a method that allows correcting 3D rigid motion on a 7‐s timescale during the reconstruction of MRF data using self‐navigators, improving the image quality and the quantification robustness.