bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regression Analysis of Use-Dilution Disinfectant Test Data as an Alternative to Current Registration Practices
Authors: Walter George R , Trout J Richard 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The historical application of probit analysis applied to the use-dilution disinfectant test is discussed. Attention is focused on earlier work which either deleted or incompletely applied confidence limits leading to much current controversy in disinfectant test interpretation. It is proposed that the probit analysis approach applied to disinfectants is indeed feasible and that a more complete application of confidence limits to the assay will yield more reliable data than those currently required for disinfectant product registration with the Environmental Protection Agency. A suggested modified registration protocol using probit analysis is offered as an alternative to the current registration guidelines.
Application of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy to Compositional Analysis of Commercial Pig Feed Mixes
Authors: Chen Shih-Ling Y , Hsu Ali , Lee Mane-Lane 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Official samples of commercial pig feed mixes taken for routine inspection were analyzed by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Separate calibrations were established for pre-starting pig, starting pig, growing pig, finishing pig, and lactating sow feeds. Mean correlation coefficients and standard errors of calibration, respectively, obtained by comparing NIRS values with conventional chemical analysis values, were as follows: calibration set (about 35 samples per category)-moisture 0.87,0.44%; protein 0.90,0.75%; fiber 0.8b, 0.49%; analytical set (about 15 samples per category)—moisture 0.73, 0.42%; protein 0.90, 0.72%; fiber 0.83, 0.40%. Mean coefficients of variation for NIRS were moisture 3.9%, protein 4.2%, and fiber 14.8%; those for conventional analyses were moisture 2.7%, protein 1.1%, and fiber 11.7%. The results indicated that for moisture, protein, and fiber determinations in commercial pig feed mix products with various and unknown formulations, successful rapid NIRS analysis could be achieved by using a filter-type spectrometer and advanced mathematical data treatments. Among 246 samples inspected, protein content in 70% of them exceeded by 1-8% the legal minimum protein level. Application of NIRS provides an accurate and prompt on-line technique for feed mix analysis during the formulation process and can be beneficial to the operation of feed mills. For official inspection, the technique might serve as a preliminary screening method.
Amino Acid Analysis in Feeds and Feedstuifs Using Precolumn Phenylisothiocyanate Derivatization and Liquid Chromatography—Preliminary Study
Authors: Beaver Rodney W , Wilson David M , Jones Helen M , Haydon Keith D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for the determination of amino acids in feed hydrolysates is described. The method uses precolumn phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) derealization and liquid chromatography on reverse phase columns with UV detection at 254 nm. The precision of the method on replicate samples of a wheat hydrolysate ranges from 1.9 to 6.7% relative standard deviation for the amino acids examined. (Met and Cys were not determined.) Recoveries were near 100% for most amino acids. Comparisons of the values obtained by PITC method with accepted wines show good agreement in wheat and poultry feed samples.
Optimization of Sweep Codistillation Apparatus for Determination of Coumaphos and Other Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Animal Fat
Authors: Brown Robert L , Farmer Clinton N , Millar Roderick G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Optimum conditions have been developed for the quantitative recovery of coumaphos from animal fat by using a commercial sweep codistillation unit. Under the conditions specified (255°C distillation temperature, 250 mL/min of nitrogen, 60 min sweep time) and using Florisil trapping, the mean recovery of coumaphos was 91% with a coefficient of variation of 6%. Other organophosphorus pesticides recovered include diazinon, chlorpyrifos, ethion, and bromophos-ethyl with recoveries ranging from 90 to 96% and coefficients of variation ranging between 4 and 6%.
Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Aroclor and Kanechlor Mixtures
Authors: Kannan Narayanan , Tan Abe Shinsuke , Wakimoto Tadaaki , Tatsukawa Ryo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Three congeners of coplanar PCBs (non-0-0 -chlorine-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls) were determined in representative commercial PCB preparations. The 3,3,4,4 -tetrachlorobiphenyl was highest in Kanechlor 400 (8500 μg/g) and Aroclor 1248 (6060 μg/ g) followed by Kanechlors 300, 500, and 600 and Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 in that order. The toxic 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl were also detected in those mixtures. The highest concentrations of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl were found in Kanechlor 400 (89.3 μg/g) and Aroclor 1248 (62.3 μg/g) followed by Kanechlors 500, 300, and 600 and Aroclors 1254,1242, and 1260 in that order. The 3,3',4,4',5,5-hexwhlorobiphenyl was detected in all Kanechlor mixtures, with the highest concentration (1.16 μg/g) in Kanechlor 500. However, among Aroclor mixtures, it was detected only in Aroclor 1254 at a concentration of 0.66 jtg/g. The importance of these toxic constituents in PCB mixtures is worth considering in view of widespread pollution of the environment by PCBs.
Simplified Cleanup and Gas Chromatographic Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Crops
Authors: Sasaki Kumiko , Suzuki Takashi , Saito Yukio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple and efficient cleanup method for gas chromatographic determination of 23 organophosphorus pesticides in crops including onion is described. The sample was extracted with acetone. The extract was purified with coagulating solution, which contained ammonium chloride and phosphoric acid, and then filtered by suction. The filtrate was diluted with NaCl solution and reextracted with benzene. The organic layer was evaporated and injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector (FPD) and fused silica capillary columns (0.53 mm id) coated with silicone equivalent to OV-1701, OV-1, and SE-52. Onion extract, which contained FPD interferences, was cleaned up on a disposable silica cartridge. Recoveries of most organophosphorus pesticides from spiked crops: mandarin orange, tomato, spinach, sweet pepper, broccoli, lettuce, and onion at levels of 0.02-0.28 ppm, exceeded 80%, but the water-soluble pesticides dichlorvos and dimethoate gave poor recoveries in all crops; the nonpolar pesticides disulfoton, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, prothiophos, and leptophos were not recovered quantitatively in spinach, sweet pepper, broccoli, and lettuce. IBP, edifenphos, phosmet, and pyridaphenthion were not recovered from onion because of adsorption to the silica cartridge. The detection limits ranged from 1.25 to 17.5 ppb on a crop basis.
Identification of Ahasverus advena (Waltl) (Foreign Grain Beetle) and Ahasverus rectus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) by Micromorphology of Adult Fragments Including Genitalia
Authors: Zimmerman Michael L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Morphological characteristics of dissected fragments from male and female adult beetles of Ahasverus advena (Waltl) and A. rectus (LeConte) are described and illustrated, including original descriptions of the male genitalia of both species. Diagnostic differences are noted among the morphology of the head, antennae, mandibles, labium, tibial leg segments, prothorax, metasternum, and abdominal sternite I, and between the shape and/or setation of the paired lateral lobes, the apical margin of the aedeagus, the internal sac, and the paired 8th and 9th abdominal sternites for the male genitalia.
Microscopic Detection of Potato Adulteration of Prepared Horseradish
Authors: Galacci Raymond R , Cichowicz Stanley M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present method to detect parsnip or turnip adulteration in prepared horseradish uses light microscopy and a starch stain containing iodine in potassium iodide. This method does not work well for potato adulteration because potato and horseradish starch stain similarly. A method has been developed to differentiate potato from horseradish tissue by using a polarizing microscope with crossed polars and a first order red plate. Potato starch grains show interference patterns. This method has been used to qualitatively demonstrate potato starch grains in product packing liquid and to quantitate potato adulteration in horseradish samples at levels of &lt;1% potato tissue fragments
Improved Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of Soy Protein in Meat Products
Authors: Rittenburg James H , Adams Alexandra , Palmer John , Allen John C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An Indirect, Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) Has Been Developed For Quantitation Of Soy Protein In Meat Products. The Methodology Allows Rapid Aqueous Extraction Of Meat Samples Into A Liquid Form Suitable For Assay. The Assay Is Highly Specific For Soy Protein And Is Designed To Measure Soy Protein Levels Between 1 And 10% Of The Wet Weight Of The Sample. Standardized, Stabilized Reagents For Carrying Out The Procedure Are Commercially Available In A Kit. The Analysis, Including Sample Preparation, Can Be Completed Within A Workday, And The Actual Immunoassay In Less Than 60 Min.
The FDA Pesticides Monitoring Program
Authors: Reed Donald V , Lombardo Pasquale , Wessel John R , Burke Jerry A , Mcmahon Bernadette 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) carries out an extensive program to monitor foods for pesticide residues. The 2 main objectives of the program are to enforce tolerances established by the Environmental Protection Agency for pesticide residues on foods and feeds and to determine the incidence and level of pesticide residues in the food supply. Because of the wide diversity of pesticide/ commodity combinations encountered, FDA uses a number of different approaches to achieve effective consumer protection. The components of the FDA Pesticides Monitoring Program and the strategy used in its development are described.
Physicochemical Properties and Method for Determination of Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
Authors: Kawamura Kunio , Nakamachi Hideo , Araki Hiroaki , Sonoda Kiyokazu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The physicochemical properties of potassium guaiacol-4-sulfonate (I) and -S-suIfonate (II) have been investigated. Analyses of the X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectra, and thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric curves showed that I occurs as crystals that are anhydrous or hydrated up to ⅔ mole (4.8%) and that II occurs as crystals that are anhydrous or dihydrated (13.5%). Solutions of I and II at various pH values showed almost the same UV spectra at &lt;pH 6.0 but very different UV spectra &gt;pH 7.0. Most commercially available potassium guaiacolsulfonate consists predominantly of potassium guaiacol-4-sulfonate (as determined by UVabsorption measurements and liquid chromatography).
Evaluation of an Automated Gel Permeation Cleanup and Evaluation System for Determining Pesticide Residues in Fatty Samples
Authors: Hopper Marvin L , Griffitt Kenneth R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The AutoVap® 600 system, used in conjunction with an automated gel permeation chromatography (GPC) instrument, automatically collects and evaporates the effluent from the GPC column, dissolves the residue in a fixed volume of desired solvent, and quantitatively transfers it to a sealed vial. This system was evaluated and found to automate efficiently the cleanup of butterfat for pesticide residue analysis. Quantitative recoveries were obtained for each of 4 pesticides fortified in butterfat and cleaned up through the system and for 12 pesticide standards in the absence of sample matrix collected through the system. After loading, the system operates unattended and will automatically prepare up to 23 individual fat samples for determination by gas chromatography without additional cleanup.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Taurine in Vitamin Premix Formulations
Authors: Subba Rao Gowdahalli N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of taurine in vitamin and vitamin-mineral premix formulations. The method involves extraction of taurine with 0.1 M bicarbonate buffer, followed by precolumn derivatization with dansyl chloride and LC using fluorescence detection. 6-Aminocaproic acid is used as an internal standard. A reverse phase analytical column and a mobile phase of 0.1M acetate buffer solution (pH 7.2)-acetonitrile (75 + 25) are used. Vitamins, minerals, and other excipients in the premix formulations do not interfere in the determination. The method is simple, precise, and accurate
Stabilization of Ascorbic Acid and Its Measurement by Liquid Chromatography in Nonfat
Dry Milk
Authors: Margolis Sam A , Black Iona 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The determination of ascorbic acid by liquid chromatography (LC) was improved by performing the analysis in the presence of solvents that had been purged with argon to reduce the concentration of oxygen. This methodological modification eliminated the oxidation of ascorbic acid during the chromatographic procedure and reduced the minimum detection level to 1 μg. Solutions of ascorbic acid have been successfully stabilized for 67 days by addition of dithiothreitol to a deaerated solution of water-acetonitrile (25 + 75 v/v), sealed under argon in amber vials and stored at -20°C. In a second independent study, a procedure for the extraction of ascorbic acid from nonfat dry milk in a single step was developed. The ascorbic acid content of Nonfat Dry Milk (SRM 1549) was determined by LC, using the method of standard additions. The mean ascorbic acid content was 54 ± 5 μg/g of sample. Analysis of variance of the analytical results indicates that there is a significant continual increase in the content of the ascorbic acid in each bottle from first to last sample
Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determining the Macrolide Antibiotic Sedecamycin and
Its Major Metabolites in Swine Plasma and Tissues
Authors: Okada Junya , Kondo Sadao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed to determine sedecamycin, a 17-membered macrolide antibiotic used for treating swine dysentery, and its major metabolites (lankacidin C, lankacidinol A, and lankacidinol) in swine plasma and tissues. Plasma is directly extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed by liquid chromatography without purification. Tissues are homogenized in a phosphate buffer containing sodium chloride, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts are subjected to silica gel-Florisil, doublelayered column chromatography to remove endogenous interfering substances. The LC determination uses silica gel and ODS-silica as a stationary phase. The detection limits for sedecamycin and its metabolites were &lt;0.05 ppm, and average recoveries and coefficients of variation (0.2-1 ppm range) were &gt;75% and &lt;10%, respectively
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Coumarin Anticoagulants in Tablets:
Collaborative Study
Authors: Moore Ella S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of coumarin anticoagulants in tablets was collaboratively studied by 7 laboratories. The method uses an octadecylsilane-bonded microparticulate column, tetrahydrofuran-methanol-water-acetic acid mobile phase, and photometric detection at 311 nm. Each collaborator received samples of warfarin sodium, phenprocoumon, and dicumarol as a synthetic composite and as commercial individual and composited tablets. Pooled average assay values for synthetic and commercial tablet samples of warfarin sodium were 101.6 and 99.5%, respectively, with a combined reproducibility SD of 2.38% (CV = 2.37%) and combined repeatability SD of 1.49% (CV = 1.49%). Pooled average (SD) assay values for dicumarol and phenprocoumon commercial samples were 98.0 (2.27) and 101.3% (4.00), respectively. The content uniformity determinations of 2 mg warfarin sodium and 25 mg dicumarol tablets indicated average tablet contents (range) of 99.5% (91.0-116.0) and 98.0% (89.8-108.8), respectively. The method has been approved interim official first action
Thin-Layer Chromatographic Determination of Sterigmatocystin in Cheese:
Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Francis Octave J , Ware George M , Carman Allen S , Kirschenheuter Gary P , Kuan Shia S , Newell Richard F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study of a method for the determination of sterigmatocystin in cheese was conducted by 10 laboratories. The study included control samples and samples spiked at levels of 5, 10, and 25 ppb, in coded blind pairs. Recoveries were 60.0, 90.7, and 59.3%, outliers excluded, for the respective levels. The mean reproducibilities, outliers excluded, were 81.97, 17.13, and 52.77%, respectively. Mean repeatabilities, outliers excluded, were 77.66,17.13, and 46.40%, respectively. Results of this collaborative study indicate that the method, modified as described in this report, is applicable to the determination of sterigmatocystin in cheese at low levels (5-50 ppb) for the purpose of surveys. With regard to the difficulty with thinlayer chromatography in this study, it is recommended that a more satisfactory determinative step be developed. Recommendation for official first action status is deferred
Total Arsenic in Foods after Sequential Wet Digestion, Dry Ashing, Coprecipitation with
Ammonium Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate, and Graphite-Furnace Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Dabeka Robert W , Lacroix Gladys M A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A graphite-furnace atomic absorption (GFAAS) method is described for determining total arsenic (organic and inorganic compounds) in foods. Samples ranging from 1 to 40 g (depending on moisture content) were digested with HN03 and dry-ashed at 500°C overnight after addition of MgO. After dissolution in HC1, the arsenic was reduced with iodide and ascorbic acid and precipitated with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) in the presence of nickel carrier. Precipitates were collected on 0.3/im cellulose acetate filters and dissolved in 10% HN03 containing modifier. Ba(N03)2 was added to remove a sulfate interference resulting from decomposition of APDC. Arsenic was determined using GFAAS. Accuracy of the method was good for 7 U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Standard Reference Materials and 3 National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) round-robin samples. Recovery of arsenic(V) from foods averaged 99.2% for peak heights and 97.1% for peak areas, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 2.2% for peak heights and 3.3% for peak areas for all NBS and NRCC materials. Detection limit of the method was ca 10 ng arsenic
Evaluation of Penicylinders Used in Disinfectant Testing: Bacterial Attachment and Surface
Texture
Authors: Cole Eugene C , Rutala William A , Carson Johnny L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two passible deficiencies in the AOAC use-dilution method for registration of chemical disinfectants by the Environmental Protection Agency are examined: (7) the physical disparities among brands of penicylinders and (2) the variability of bacterial numbers on penicylinders depending upon test strain and penicylinder surface texture. Textual differences of 2 brands of stainless steel penicylinders, one brand of porcelain, and one brand of glass were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. A considerable variation in smoothness of both inner and outer surfaces of stainless steel and porcelain penicylinders was observed. Glass penicylinders were very smooth. Numbers of bacteria attached to a penicylinder were assessed by vortexing the penicylinders 30 s at No. 4 after using the AOAC method of bacterial inoculation and drying 40 min at 37°C. With this methodology, stainless steel carriers retained the 3 AOAC-recommended bacterial test strains differentially: ca 107 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5 x 106 tat Staphylococcus aureus, and 106 for Salmonella choleraesuis; glass retained 10'-107 organisms of all 3 test strains; porcelain retained about that amount of S. aureus but 105-106 P. aeruginosa and 103-104 S. choleraesuis. These data suggest that disinfectants are not similarly challenged with the AOAC-recommended test bacteria and that an alternative method should be considered to ensure comparable numbers of bacteria on penicylinders
Comparison of HgO and CuS04/Ti02 as Catalysts in Manual Kjeldahl Digestion for
Determination of Crude Protein in Animal Feed: Collaborative Study
Authors: Kane Peter F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Because of environmental concerns about HgO, and because of lengthy digestion requirements for HgO and CuS04, interest in alternative catalysts for the Kjeldahl determination of animal feeds remains high. A digestion system using a mixed CuS04/Ti02 catalyst has been found to reduce digestion times to 40 min. A collaborative study was carried out to compare this system to the official AOAC HgO method, 7.015. Thirty-eight samples, consisting of blind duplicates of closely matched pairs and 2 standard materials, were analyzed once by each method. Results were received from 13 laboratories. Means and standard deviations of individual samples were comparable, with an overall difference of grand means of 0.005% protein. With only one exception, analyses of variance showed no significant method difference at the 95% confidence level. The CuS04/Ti02 method has been approved interim official first action as an alternative method for determination of crude protein in animal feed
Analysis of Phenols by Chemical Derivatization. V. Determination of Pentachlorophenol and
19 Other Chlorinated Phenols in Sediments
Authors: Lee Hing-Biu , Stokker Yvonne D , Chau Alfred S Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for quantitative and isomer-specific analysis for pentachlorophenol and 19 other chlorophenols in sediment was developed. After acidification to pH &lt;1, sediment samples were Soxhlet-extracted with acetone-hexane (59 + 41, v/v) for 20 h. Phenols in the organic extract were back-extracted into 2% KHCO, and were then acetylated with acetic anhydride and extracted with petroleum ether. After evaporation to a small volume, the acetates were cleaned up on a 5% deactivated silica gel column. Extracts were then analyzed on a 12 m OV-1 column interfaced to an electron-capture detector and on a 30 m SPB-5 column interfaced to a mass selective detector. The procedure has been validated with sediment samples fortified at 100, 10, and 1 ng/g levels of chlorophenols. Recoveries of dichloro- and the higher chlorophenols were generally between 80 and 95% at all 3 levels of fortification, whereas recoveries of monochlorophenols were between 65 and 85%. The 2 chloromethylphenols were less than 50% recovered, and recovery of phenol itself was erratic by this procedure. Using a 50 g sample size, the estimated detection limit was ca 0.2 ng/g.
Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Paraquat and Diquat in Agricultural Products
Authors: Nagayama Toshihiro , Maki Toshio , Kan Kimiko , Iida Mami , Nishima Taichiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple, rapid, highly sensitive liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantitative determination of paraquat and diquat residues in agricultural products. Paraquat and diquat are extracted with hot dilute hydrochloric acid and are cleaned up on an Amberlite CG-50 column, followed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography on an NH, column, with ultraviolet detection at 257 nm (paraquat) and 310 nm (diquat). The minimum detectable concentration of both paraquat and diquat was 0.5 ng per injection, which corresponds to a lower detection limit of approximately 0.02 fjg/g in the original samples. Recoveries of paraquat and diquat added to various samples were greater than 79%, and averaged 91 and 90%, respectively, at the 0.1 and 1.0 μg/g spiking levels.