bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms in Egyptian sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Elammary Yasmine , Sewelam Nadia , Al-Wakeel Hanan , El-Ghamrawy Mona , Zayed Shahira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is a disorder characterized by a heterogeneous clinical outcome. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are important mediators of inflammatory response. Genetic modifiers that alter cytokine levels may contribute to the clinical variability of SCD. The present study investigated the associations of IL-1β + 3954 C>T and IL-6 (− 174G>C and − 597 G>A) gene polymorphisms with clinical and laboratory data in SCD patients. The study was conducted on 100 SCD patients (59 sickle cell anemia patients “SS” and 41 sickle beta thalassemia patients “Sβ”). Fifty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included as a control group. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used for the detection of IL-1β and IL-6 gene polymorphisms.ResultsThe homomutant genotypes of IL-1β (+ 3954 C>T), IL-6 (− 174G>C), and IL-6 (− 597 G>A) were infrequently presented among SCD patients and control group. No significant differences were detected between SS, Sβ patients, and control group as regards the genotypic frequencies and allele distributions of the studied polymorphisms. As regards the clinical complications, the mutant genotypes of IL-1β (+ 3954 C>T) had a significantly higher frequency among Sβ patients with splenomegaly. Hemoglobin is significantly lower in SS patients with mutant allele (AA and GA) for IL-6 (− 597 G>A) (P= 0.005), while Sβ patients with mutant genotype for IL-6 (− 597 G>A) had significantly higher total leucocytic count (P= 0.031).ConclusionIL-1β (+ 3954 C>T), IL-6 (− 174G>C), and IL-6 (− 597G>A) polymorphisms are not associated with disease phenotype. However, IL6 polymorphism (− 597 G>A) might predispose to underlying inflammatory process.
Regulation of kinesin-1 activity by the Salmonella enterica effectors PipB2 and SifA
Authors: Alberdi Lucrecia , Vergnes Alexandra , Manneville Jean-Baptiste , Tembo Dumizulu L. , Fang Ziyan , Zhao Yaya , Schroeder Nina , Dumont Audrey , Lagier Margaux , Bassereau Patricia , Redondo-Morata Lorena , Gorvel Jean-Pierre , Méresse Stéphane 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Salmonella enterica is an intracellular bacterial pathogen. The formation of its replication niche, which is composed of a vacuole associated with a network of membrane tubules, depends on the secretion of a set of bacterial effector proteins whose activities deeply modify the functions of the eukaryotic host cell. By recruiting and regulating the activity of the kinesin-1 molecular motor, Salmonella effectors PipB2 and SifA play an essential role in the formation of the bacterial compartments. In particular, they allow the formation of tubules from the vacuole and their extension along the microtubule cytoskeleton, and thus promote membrane exchanges and nutrient supply. We have developed in vitro and in cellulo assays to better understand the specific role played by these two effectors in the recruitment and regulation of kinesin-1. Our results reveal a specific interaction between the two effectors and indicate that, contrary to what studies on infected cells suggested, interaction with PipB2 is sufficient to relieve the autoinhibition of kinesin-1. Finally, they suggest the involvement of other Salmonella effectors in the control of the activity of this molecular motor.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Role of pharmacogenetics and clinical parameters on nevirapine plasma concertation among HIV-1 patients receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya
Authors: Juster Mungiria , Gitonga Lucy , Muraya Moses , Mwaniki John , Ngayo Musa 
Published: May 2020

Background:Patients’ clinical outcomes and pharmacogenetic factors are important predictors of nevirapine (NVP) plasma concentration. This study evaluated the association of socio-demographic factors and Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) polymorphisms with NVP plasma concentrations among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment in western and coastal Kenya.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 377 consenting HIV adult patients receiving an NVP-based first-line ART regimen. A detailed sociodemographic questionnaire was administered. NVP plasma concentration was measured by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). CYP2B6 c.516 G>T rs3745274 and c.983T>C genotypes were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. HIV drug resistance mutations were detected using an in-house genotypic assay.Results:The patients’ mean age was 41.6 (SD ± 11.5) years and the majority (59.2%) were female. The mean duration of ART was 5.1 (SD ± 4.8) years. Overall NVP plasma levels ranged from 4-44207 ng/mL (median 6213 ng/mL, IQR 3097–8606.5 ng/mL). There were 105 (25.5%) participants with NVP levels of <3100 ng/mL, associated with poor viral suppression. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed CYP2B6 516 G>T polymorphism (β 0.71, 95% CI 0.4–0.98; p<0.0001), male gender (β 0.45, 95% CI 0.01–0.9; p=0.047) and presence of HIV drug-resistant virus (β 1.98, 95% CI 1.24–2.72; p<0.001) were the independent factors influencing NVP plasma concentration.Conclusions:The majority of patients receiving an NVP-based ART regimen had plasma concentrations within the therapeutic range. CYP2B6 516 G>T polymorphism, gender and presence of a HIV drug-resistant mutation significantly influences NVP plasma concentration. Routine pharmacogenetic testing and measurement of NVP plasma concentrations, considering gender and presence of HIV drug-resistant mutations are key to ensuring optimal ART treatment outcomes in Kenya.
Brief Analysis of the Dispute Resolution Methods through Mediation in Romania
Authors: IGNAT Claudiu 
Published: May 2020

Mediation is an alternative way of resolving conflicts and in particular disputes that may otherwise reach a judiciary settlement. This procedure is a voluntary choice for the warring parties, but may be a compulsory procedure, when mediation is the only way to resolve disputes stipulated through a compromissory clause in the contract bet of the parties they are in dispute.
Even though mediation is a non-contentious procedure, it has a set of rules and principles that govern this procedure, guaranteeing the respect of the rights of all parties in the dispute over mediation.
Criminal Protection of the Environment in Jordanian Legislation
Authors: ALKSEILAT Abdullah , ABU ISSA Hamzeh , AL-REFOU Ayman 
Published: May 2020

Having a clean and pollution-free environment is one of the most important rights of humans. Such a right has been recognized by national and international covenants, so laws have been devoted to protecting them and preventing infringement of their components and elements, because of the importance they constitute at the level of human life.
As a result of the increasing assault on the environment and the gravity of the infringement of its elements, the legislator intervened in all countries (including the Jordanian legislator), to lay down the rules regulating the protection thereof and punishing the perpetrators of environmental crimes through deterrent measures and appropriate penalties.
Therefore, this research will shed light on the criminal provisions decided by the Jordanian legislator in the Environmental Protection Law No. 6 of 2017, especially in terms of the penalties decided by the legislator on the perpetrators of environmental crimes, with the aim of embodying the criminal and legal protection of the environment.
As the aim of this article is to clarify and clarify the position of the Jordanian legislator regarding the penal protection of the environment, we have used the descriptive and analytical approach to reach the results.
The article concluded that the Environmental Protection Law stipulated several crimes to protect the environment in its various forms, but the legislator did not put in place precautionary measures prior to the occurrence of the crime, and on the other hand, the provisions laid down by the legislator are still scattered and need a general rooting for all environmental crimes.
Mechanism of International Legal Implementation for Human Security at the National Level
Authors: AVDEEV Vadim Avdeevich , AVDEEVA Olga Anatolievna , BYKOV Anton Vitalyevich , ZNAMEROVSKIY Evgeny Vasilyevich , AKSENOV Alexey Nikolaevich , ZHIGALOV Stanislav Valerievich 
Published: May 2020

The research analyzes current trends in ensuring personal security taking into account International Law. The priority position of the individual declared by the norms of international law is assessed differently by national legal systems. The interest of States in preserving the inviolability of fundamental human rights and freedoms implies the use of various mechanisms to achieve these goals.
New trends in socio-economic development in the context of globalization predetermine the need to improve the national system for ensuring personal security taking into account international legal principles. Attention is focused on the state of human security and fundamental rights and freedoms declared by international and national law and guaranteed by the State. International normative and legal acts aimed at strategic directions of ensuring personal security are subject to analysis.
The article notes the relationship between the transformation of socio-economic character and the state, structure, dynamics of crimes against the individual. Bringing the norms of national law into conformity with the norms, principles and provisions of international normative-legal acts of universal and regional character is recognized as one of the directions of ensuring personal security.
The research is focused on the key areas of counteracting attacks on the person taking into account the novelization of modern criminal legislation and law enforcement activities. Close attention is paid to the development and implementation of organizational and practical measures to counteract crimes against the individual at federal and regional levels. The strategic directions developed and implemented at the national level to improve the effectiveness of activities related to ensuring human criminological safety are of applied importance.
The conceptual directions of realization of the state policy on prevention, suppression and counteraction of violent crime against the person proposed in the article have practical and oriented value.
Role of Harmonization and Unification in Perspective of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Physical Infrastructure and Applicable Laws
Authors: IDREES Rao Qasim , CHEEMA Zaheer Iqbal , RIAZ Jawad 
Published: May 2020

This research paper centers on logistics investment policies both in legal and social manners for current and future China Pakistan trade with reference to CPEC. With further improvement, many other regional economic players in prospective time may join the CPEC projects, where Afghanistan, Central Asian and SAARC states are prominent to enter for the said purpose. There are different practices around the world to achieve socio economic progress. Hence a unified and harmonized system of applicable rules and regulation is required forthwith in order to get benefits from CPEC. This research paper primarily deals with the history of China Pakistan relations in the context of CPEC and Belt and Road Initiative and their benefits to Pakistan. Furthermore, the role of harmonization and unification among legal rules and physical infrastructure is discussed to find benefits and better solutions. This study applies legal research process where historical method is conducted to observe the history of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which further includes China Pakistan trade relations and their situation regarding logistics investment in CPEC. Furthermore, comparative legal research is applied to find out the differences among Pakistan legal system and international laws to make foreign investment more beneficial. This research concludes that domestic legislation in Pakistan in the areas of logistics and transportation is very limited in scope. Furthermore, such legislation does not cover the broad area of international trade. In current situation it is pertinent for Pakistan to introduce and revise such legislations and codes and not doing so China may again ask Pakistan to enact law as per his own benefits which he did while Pakistan amend Competition and special economic zone laws. Furthermore, CPEC in future will invite many other trade partners for their investment contribution in the region. This necessitates Pakistan to build strong physical infrastructure and negotiate further trade agreements and relevant legislation with other partners in the region and not only rely upon bilateral agreements with China.
Conceptual and Categorical Framework in the Sphere of Prevention of Child Neglect and Juvenile Delinquency: Comparative Analysis
Authors: ILGOVA Ekaterina , DORODONOVA Natalia , GORBACHEV Mikhail , EVSTIFEEVA Ekaterina , SMAGINA Tamara 
Published: May 2020

In the legislative practice of foreign countries, the normative definitions regulating an activity in the field of prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency are set forth in both regulatory and conservatory legislation. International legislation in this field imposes an obligation on states to bring domestic regulations into line with international standards. However, a large number of legal categories in the sphere of prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency have contributed to their consolidation in various branches of law that could not affect an emergence of problems in the effective regulation and protection of social relations arising in this area.
The aim of this research is to prepare a theoretical basis of the legal grounds and to reveal the effectiveness of implementation of conceptual and categorical framework in the field of prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency. The analysis of legislation is used with dialectical method as a universal cognition method in combination with general scientific and private scientific methods as dogmatic (formal and logical) and comparative legal, formal legal methods.
It is concluded that the definitions used in regulations of the former Soviet republics are the most similar. In English-speaking countries some legal concepts in the field of prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency are not clearly similar. The result of the research has shown that regulations are characterized by their own content or by their own terminology used in a particular country. Despite the differences in definitions states generally follow a policy of ensuring minors’ rights and freedoms.
The article specifies a general conception of interrelation between international and domestic legislation in the field of prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency.
Features of Legal Regulation of the Procedure for the Consideration of Labor Disputes in Kazakhstan
Authors: ISSAYEVA Ainur Zhenisovna , AITIMOV Bolat Zholdasbekovich , ISSAYEVA Zhanat Amandykovna , ZHUSSUPBEKOVA Madina Koishibayevna , TINISTANOVA Saltanat Saidakhmetovna , MADALIYEVA Akzada Alaidarkyzy 
Published: May 2020

This study examined the experience of Kazakhstan, which created its own system of laws and regulations in the field of labor dispute problems, designed to protect the interests of workers and help ensure a minimum level for residents. The article identifies problems requiring study of issues on the application of labor legislation, development of recommendations for improving and taking measures to inform judicial practice in this category of cases. We have studied the activities of the International Labor Organization (hereinafter referred to as the MOT), which is the world agency of the United Labor Organization. Kazakhstan reports on labor issues, labor disputes, trade unions of workers, workers and others. Case studies show labor disputes, strikes by workers in the regions of Kazakhstan, as well as their solutions. The study makes recommendations of the following nature, when considering disputes regarding the recognition of legal relations as labor, courts should distinguish between civil law relations and labor relations.
The relevance of the research topic due to the need to develop and introduce new modern mechanism for resolving individual labor disputes, including pre-trial and non-judicial methods of conflict resolutions.
International Practice of Provision of Guarantees for Implementation of Investment Projects
Authors: KOSOV Mikhail Evgenievich , SIGAREV Aleksandr Victorovich , POPKOV Sergey Yuryevich , EKIMOVA Ksenia Valerievna , FEDOTOV Alexander Mikhailovich 
Published: May 2020

Subject. State support for the country's economy, especially the support for its high-tech sector, is of great importance during a crisis.
State guarantees are also one of the key instruments of state support for investment activity in Russia. Significant successful practice of using this instrument has been accumulated in Canada, Spain, the Netherlands, the USA, Turkey, Sweden, and Chile. The world experience indicates that the implementation of projects as public-private partnerships (PPP) leads to the completion of the project on time and in accordance with its budget more often than when implementing the project based on public funding only.
Goals. The study is aimed at analysis of the mechanism of state guarantees in foreign countries, the conditions and consequences of their provision.
Methods. The research methods include a review of the scientific literature in this area, synthesis and analysis of the information obtained, as well as comparison, formalization, and specification.
Results. The practical implementation of state guarantees in foreign countries has been analyzed in the study. The specifics and the possibility of applying the best practices in Russia have been revealed.
Conclusion. The fiscal legislation of Russia includes a developed system for regulating the provision of guarantees and establishes the requirements for the application and accounting of state guarantees that are very conservative in accordance with international standards. The application of the world practice in the creation of guarantee agencies in order to support small and medium-sized enterprises can have a positive effect on business activities. The need to diversify directions for the provision of state guarantees with a view to balanced economic development must also be noted.
Issues in Local Self-Government Reform in Russia
Authors: NANBA Saria , ALIMOV Emil 
Published: May 2020

The research is devoted to the constitutional legal regulation of local self-government in Russia. A study of democratic principles and established social relations allows authors to understand the state of local democracy in Russia and to assess the current situation from various points of view. An analysis of the local self-government reforms in Russia and budget policy will allow a better understanding of the further public and social development in Russia.
The article analyzes the directions of legislative developments concerning local self-government in the Russian Federation, which sometimes have a multidirectional nature. Also, there are several issues raised in this article: doctrinal approaches and law-enforcement practice the constitutional foundations of local self-government, the competence of local authorities, the direct citizens’ participation in the conduct of local self-government and the local self-government financing. The authors conclude that current legal regulation of the local self-government can be referred to the mixed model. In the course of the study, the several deviations from the constitutionally established model of local self-government have been revealed.
Development of the Institution of Arbitration in Kazakhstan: Problems of Theory and Practice
Authors: SHAIMENOVA Ardak , ILYASSOVA Gulzhazira , KLYUYEVA Yevgeniya , KHASHIMOVA Ainura 
Published: May 2020

The article discusses current issues of the application of the legislation of Kazakhstan on arbitration, provides statistical data on the results of consideration of cases on the cancellation of arbitral awards, on the enforcement of arbitral awards and identifies some problems of theory and practice in this area.
The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of judicial practice on the abolition of arbitral awards, as well as issues related to their enforcement, proposals have been developed on the formation of a uniform judicial practice and improvement of legislation. The work uses general scientific and special research methods: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, deduction, logical and comparative legal method. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that, in general, the norms of the Law of Kazakhstan ‘On Arbitration’, the Civil Procedure Code of Kazakhstan on the procedures for canceling arbitration decisions, recognition and enforcement of decisions of foreign arbitrations are consistent with international treaties.
The Methodology for the Evaluation of Youth Economic Potential: Revealing the Resources for Regional Development
Authors: CHERNOVA Olga , MATVEEVA Ludmila , MIKHALKINA Elena 
Published: May 2020

Among the goals of strategic development in Russia and its regions the main one to be mentioned refers to the task of reaching the trajectory of breakthrough economic growth on an innovative basis. Following this discussion, the goal of the paper is to formulate theoretical and methodological approaches, concepts and tools for assessing the condition and goal-oriented basis of the economic potential of young people as a strategic resource for the regional development.
The research provides a conceptual and terminological representation of the multicomponent category ‘the economic potential of the youth of the region’. It also describes a conceptual model of its structural and functional composition and develops and verifies the methods of element-by-element assessment of their potential in the context of achieving tactical and strategic goals of regional development. Finally, the paper proposes the options or creating a roadmap in order to increase the economic activity of young people and a strategic map for the implementation of youth policy in the region from the standpoint of strategic goal-setting.