bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Decolonization Trope in Philosophy
Authors: Táíwò Olúfẹ́mi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis piece takes a close look at the contributions of two very important thinkers whose works have, on the whole, framed the deployment of what I call the decolonizing trope in contemporary African philosophy: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o and Kwasi Wiredu. I argue that, in light of current discussions in African life and politics and current trends in African philosophical discourse dominated by this trope, it may be time to, at least, rethink, if not abandon, the trope. The viability of a conceptual decolonization in philosophy may have been oversold; the trope may give a false impression of the complexity of the situation it is designed to help attenuate; and it may be having deleterious consequences on discourse and its progress even if they are unintended.
Alterity, Analectics, and the Challenges of Epistemic Decolonization
Authors: Kim David Haekwon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis essay explores some conceptual and diagnostic frameworks to advance epistemic decolonization in the US philosophical profession. A central focus is the distinction between those philosophies of formerly colonized peoples that are culturally alterior or, simply, alterior and those that are analectical in the Dusselian sense of emerging from a subordinated political position. The paper begins by reflecting upon connections between coloniality, the alterior, and the analectical to frame the discussion of epistemic decolonization in the philosophy profession. It then considers a knower's core theoretic reconstruction in the task of epistemic decolonization and identifies some ambiguities in reconciling alterior traditions with analectical theoretical reconstruction. The work of Charles Mills and Enrique Dussel are considered as case studies. The paper concludes with critical reflections on the institutional network of canon, curriculum, and other conceptual and credentialization structures that constitute institutional Eurocentrism.
Revising the conventional tax‐effort principle
Authors: Dalamagas Basil , Leventides John , Palaios Panagiotis , Tantos Stefanos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe standard methodology on tax‐effort (i.e., the ratio of actual tax revenue to its optimal level) is to run a regression of actual tax revenue on countries’ specific (macroeconomic, demographic, geographical, political, social, and institutional) variables. The resulting predicted (fitted) values are then taken to represent the optimal (desired or maximum) level of tax revenue. The crucial issue of tracing out how the optimal tax revenue should be allocated to the fiscal objectives (equity, efficiency) does not seem to be of any interest to the researchers on tax‐effort. The present paper argues that the standard methodology is not without faults and needs revising. We demonstrate that an optimal tax system can be safely derived from maximizing a utility function with respect to (in)direct tax rates. The manipulation of the first‐order conditions, using a novel mathematical module, leads to an infinite number of optimal direct–indirect tax rates. The selection of the optimal mix of these tax rates is dependent on the country‐specific households’ preferences over equity/efficiency, as they are formulated by voters’ volition in election periods. A simulation procedure helps understanding how the optimal tax revenue is chosen and how it can be optimally allocated to fiscal objectives, in the context of a panel data set including a large number of developed and developing countries. Throughout our text, the optimal tax revenue is defined as the sum of the products of the optimal (in)direct tax rates and their corresponding tax bases. In the simple Arrow–Debreu economy, the above sum is shown to be equal to the difference between income and consumption.
Solvent detergent treated pooled plasma and reduction of allergic transfusion reactions
Authors: McGonigle Andrea M. , Patel Eshan U. , Waters Kevin M. , Moliterno Alison R. , Thoman Sandra K. , Vozniak Sonja O. , Ness Paul M. , King Karen E. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Lokhandwala Parvez M. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUNDThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) patients have increased risk for allergic transfusion reactions (ATR) due to the number of plasma products they require. This study evaluated the efficacy of solvent detergent treated plasma (S/D treated plasma) to reduce ATRs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAll TTP patients who presented from April 2014 to February 2015 and experienced a moderate–severe ATR to untreated plasma with TPE were switched to S/D treated plasma (Octaplas) for their remaining procedures and included in the study. Patient records were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTSThe overall ATR rate per procedure decreased from 35.0% (95% CI = 15.4%‐59.2%) with untreated plasma to 1.4% ([1/73] 95% CI = 0.0%‐7.4%) with S/D treated plasma. The moderate–severe ATR rate decreased from 20.0% ([4/20] 95% CI = 5.7%‐43.7%) with untreated plasma to 0.0% ([0/73] 95% CI = 0.0%‐4.9%) with S/D treated plasma. The overall ATR rate per plasma unit decreased from 2.6% (95%CI = 1.0%‐5.1%) with untreated plasma to 0.1% (95% CI = 0.0%‐0.4%) with S/D treated plasma. No patients experienced VTE while receiving untreated plasma. Four patients experienced VTE events while receiving S/D treated plasma. All patients who experienced a VTE had additional risk factors for VTE.CONCLUSIONS/D plasma has promise as an effective product to reduce the risk of ATRs in TTP patients. Given the high risk of ATR in TTP patients, consideration of S/D plasma instead of untreated plasma for TPE in these patients may be warranted, especially for patients with a history of moderate to severe ATR. More extensive studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Association of abdominal effusion with a single decompressive cystocentesis prior to catheterization in male cats with urethral obstruction
Authors: Gerken Katherine K. , Cooper Edward S. , Butler Amy L. , Chew Dennis J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the occurrence of abdominal effusion and its association with decompressive cystocentesis in male cats with urethral obstruction.DesignProspective observational clinical study.AnimalsForty‐five male neutered, client‐owned cats with naturally occurring urethral obstruction.ProceduresLaboratory testing and point‐of‐care ultrasonography were performed. Presence of abdominal effusion was evaluated using the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) technique at presentation. Decompressive cystocentesis was then performed prior to catheterization by a standardized technique. Repeat FAST examination was performed 15 minutes after cystocentesis and the following day to further assess for the presence of abdominal effusion.ResultsA mean volume of 92.3 ± 35.2 mL of urine was removed from each cat via cystocentesis prior to catheterization. At presentation, 15 of 45 (33%) had abdominal effusion (13/15 with scant effusion, 2/15 with mild), with an additional 7 cats developing scant effusion 15 minutes post‐cystocentesis. By the following day, 4 cats still had scant effusion present. No significant complications secondary to cystocentesis were reported. No association was found between severity of azotemia, or volume removed by cystocentesis, and the presence of effusion at presentation or after decompressive cystocentesis was performed.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceA single decompressive cystocentesis prior to catheterization did not lead to development of clinically significant abdominal effusion or other discernable complications and appears to be a safe procedure in this population of patients. Abdominal effusion may be found at presentation in cats with urethral obstruction. The significance of this effusion remains to be determined.
El enfoque hacia el estudio de las particularidades locales en la evolución arquitectónica de las iglesias de los pueblos de indios del Altiplano Cundiboyacense entre mediados del siglo XVI y el siglo XIX
Authors: Chica Segoviaa Angélica Chica Segoviaa 
Published: December 2019

Las particularidades locales de cada bien de interés cultural y su contexto nutren su consideración como patrimonio, y permiten acercarse a reconocer la realidad del objeto y su evolución en el tiempo, marcando las diferencias entreellos. Esto motivó el estudio de la evolución de las iglesias de pueblos de indios del Altiplano Cundiboyacense, a través de un enfoque histórico-tecnológico que parte del estudio de la materialidad, a la luz de las coyunturas de sucontexto entre finales del siglo XVI y el XIX. A partir de las fuentes documentales de archivo, la comprensión de su contexto espacial e histórico y su confrontación en sitio, se identificaron las variables de su concepción y construcción, esenciales en su interpretación como evidencia y huella de diferentes momentos que las hacen un conjunto no homogéneo. Se dedujeron siete etapas arquitectónicas relacionadas con las transformaciones de su contexto específico, con énfasis en los fenómenos locales, para determinar la amplitud y diversidad del patrimonio local cuando se logra profundizar la mirada más allá de los referentes generales, foráneos o estilísticos, al enfocarse en las particularidades del sitio. De allí se concluyó que el entender las edificaciones como resultado de fenómenos y condiciones particulares del contexto local, y no solo el de referentes foráneos, es fundamental en la interpretación y la conservación del patrimonio, pues es de allí que se deducen sus diferencias y aquello que las hace únicas.
Development of a home-visit nursing scale for helping spousal caregivers of terminal cancer patients develop positive perspectives of their caregiving experiences: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Karikawa Mari , Nakatani Hisae 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveHome-visit nurses play a key role in supporting the spouses of terminal cancer patients and encouraging positive perspectives of the caregiving experience. This study aimed to develop a scale to support nurses in self-assessing their practice around this important role.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire study.SettingThe Home Nursing Scale to Help Spousal Caregivers (HNS-HSC) questionnaire for self-assessment of home-visit nursing to spouses was developed based on interviews with spouses and literature reviews.ParticipantsOverall, 1500 home-visit nurses nationwide who had experience in supporting spousal caregivers and their patients in the predeath and postdeath periods were approached for participation.Main outcome measurePlanned exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess the underlying dimensions of the HNS-HSC; Cronbach’s α was used to determine the reliability. The Japanese version of Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale Form B (FAT-COD-B-J) and Grief Care scale were administered to assess convergent and discriminant validity.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified 26 items on five factors: ‘helping spouses plan their futures’ ‘helping caregivers alleviate any regrets regarding their care’, ‘understanding the bond between a couple’, ‘providing support for anticipatory grief’, and ‘addressing spousal caregivers’ emotions after their spouses’ deaths’. The final model showed acceptable goodness-of-fit indices. The Cronbach’s α for the entire scale was 0.949 and exceeded 0.822 for each factor. The correlation coefficient with the FAT-COD-B-J, which served as an external validation, was 0.35. The correlation coefficients for the three grief care scales were 0.64, 0.45 and 0.72, respectively.ConclusionsThis scale is a reliable and valid tool for visiting nurses to self-assess their knowledge, skills and practice around helping spousal caregivers. By using this scale, it is expected to change nursing practice in pursuit of improving quality of life of spouses.
Emerging cancer incidence, mortality, hospitalisation and associated burden among Australian cancer patients, 1982 – 2014: an incidence-based approach in terms of trends, determinants and inequality
Authors: Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Alam Khorshed , Dunn Jeff , Gow Jeff 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveCancer is a leading killer worldwide, including Australia. Cancer diagnosis leads to a substantial burden on the individual, their family and society. The main aim of this study is to understand the trends, determinants and inequalities associated with cancer incidence, hospitalisation, mortality and its burden over the period 1982 to 2014 in Australia.SettingsThe study was conducted in Australia.Study designAn incidence-based study design was used.MethodsData came from the publicly accessible Australian Institute of Health and Welfare database. This contained 2 784 148 registered cancer cases over the study period for all types of cancer. Erreygers’ concentration index was used to examine the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality with regards to cancer outcomes. Furthermore, a generalised linear model was constructed to identify the influential factors on the overall burden of cancer.ResultsThe results showed that cancer incidence (annual average percentage change, AAPC=1.33%), hospitalisation (AAPC=1.27%), cancer-related mortality (AAPC=0.76%) and burden of cancer (AAPC=0.84%) all increased significantly over the period. The same-day (AAPC=1.35%) and overnight (AAPC=1.19%) hospitalisation rates also showed an increasing trend. Further, the ratio (least-most advantaged economic resources ratio, LMR of mortality (M) and LMR of incidence (I)) was especially high for cervix (M/I=1.802), prostate (M/I=1.514), melanoma (M/I=1.325), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (M/I=1.325) and breast (M/I=1.318), suggesting that survival inequality was most pronounced for these cancers. Socioeconomically disadvantaged people were more likely to bear an increasing cancer burden in terms of incidence, mortality and death.ConclusionsSignificant differences in the burden of cancer persist across socioeconomic strata in Australia. Policymakers should therefore introduce appropriate cancer policies to provide universal cancer care, which could reduce this burden by ensuring curable and preventive cancer care services are made available to all people.
Barriers and facilitators to buprenorphine use for opioid agonist treatment: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Leece Pamela , Khorasheh Triti , Corace Kimberly , Strike Carol , Bayoumi Ahmed M , Taha Sheena , Marks Elisabeth , Pach Beata , Ahamad Keith , Grennell Erin , Holowaty Melissa , Manson Heather , Straus Sharon E 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionIn the context of the opioid crisis in North America, the benefits of evidence-based opioid agonist treatments such as buprenorphine/naloxone have not been optimised due to low uptake. Numerous factors contribute to the underuse of buprenorphine, and theory-informed approaches to identify and address implementation barriers and facilitators are needed. This scoping review aims to characterise the barriers and facilitators at the patient, healthcare professional, organisation and system level according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), and identify gaps to inform practice and policy.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review using established methods and follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. We will identify English and French-language peer-reviewed literature by searching five electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and SocINDEX), from inception and use Google, websites of key organisations, and two or more custom search engines to identify relevant grey literature. Eligible records will be quantitative or qualitative studies that examine barriers and facilitators to buprenorphine use at the patient, healthcare professional, organisation and system level, and involve participants with diagnosis of opioid use disorder or professionals involved in their care. Two reviewers will be involved in independently screening, reviewing and charting the data and calibration exercises will be conducted at each stage. We will conduct descriptive analysis for the charted data, and deductively code barriers and facilitators using the TDF.Ethics and disseminationAs a scoping review of the literature, this study does not require ethics approval. Our dissemination strategy will focus on developing tailored activities to meet the needs of diverse knowledge user audiences. Barriers and facilitators mapped to the TDF can be linked to evidence-based strategies for change to improve buprenorphine use and access, and enable practice to reduce opioid-related harms.
‘Beyond Cancer’: a study protocol of a multimodal occupational rehabilitation programme to support breast cancer survivors to return work
Authors: Sheppard Dianne Melinda , Frost Dorothy , Jefford Michael , O'Connor Moira , Halkett Georgia 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionWith more women working and surviving breast cancer, issues concerning sustainable employment must be addressed. Support to transition back to work is a gap in survivorship care. This paper describes the feasibility trial protocol for ‘Beyond Cancer’, a multimodal occupational rehabilitation programme to support breast cancer survivors’ return to work. Breast cancer survivors are hypothesised to show improved work status, work capacity and perceived support at work at 6 months postintervention relative to baseline and a historical usual care group.Methods and analysisThe prospective feasibility design allows determination of change in primary (work status) as well as secondary outcome measures work capacity and perceived support at work. Participants: breast cancer survivors of working age, unable to work in their prediagnosis capacity for >3 months, their employers and a historical usual care group. Key intervention elements: an evidence-based biopsychosocial assessment and health coaching programme, employer education and support, and return to work (RTW) planning and monitoring. Health coaching empowers survivors to return to social function, including work. Employer education and support facilitates communication and improves workplace support. For employers, we predict change in confidence in effectively supporting employees’ RTW. Multilevel regression modelling will provide indications of efficacy for primary and secondary outcomes, and thematic analysis will examine perceived efficacy and acceptability.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by Monash and Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committees (HREC: 13300, HRE2019-0280, respectively). The evaluation of this innovative programme will provide the foundation for an Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) and national roll-out, thus improving the quality of life of those who have been directly affected by breast cancer across Australia. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at relevant conferences and disseminated to survivorship-focused organisations.Trial registration numberRegistered trial with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) (ACTRN12618001985279); Pre-results.
‘I mean what is depression?’ A qualitative exploration of UK general practitioners’ perceptions of distinctions between emotional distress and depressive disorder
Authors: Geraghty Adam W A , Santer Miriam , Beavis Charlotte , Williams Samantha J , Kendrick Tony , Terluin Berend , Little Paul , Moore Michael 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveDetection of depression is a key part of primary mental healthcare. However, determining whether depressive disorder is or is not present in primary care patients is complex. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore general practitioners’ (GPs) perceptions of distinctions between emotional distress and depressive disorder.DesignQualitative interview study.SettingFace-to-face and telephone interviews with GPs from the South of England.ParticipantsGPs working in UK primary care practices (n=21).MethodInterviews followed a semi-structured interview guide, were audio recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsViews were divergent when directly considering whether emotional distress could be distinguished from depressive disorder. Some GPs suggested a distinction was not possible as symptoms lay on a continuum, with severity as a proxy for disorder. Others focused on the difficulty of the distinction and were uncertain. Some GPs perceived a distinction and referred to emotional distress as more likely in the presence of a stressor with the absence of biological symptoms. It was also common for GPs to refer to endogenous and reactive depression when considering possible distinctions between distress and depressive disorder.ConclusionsGPs’ perceptions of when emotional symptoms reflect disorder varied greatly, with a broad range of views presented. Further research is needed to develop more consistent frameworks for understanding emotional symptoms in primary care.
Influence of leftover antibiotics on self-medication with antibiotics for children: a cross-sectional study from three Chinese provinces
Authors: Sun Chenhui , Hu Yanhong Jessika , Wang Xiaomin , Lu Jingjing , Lin Leesa , Zhou Xudong 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate leftover antibiotics and their influence on self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) for Chinese children, and further explore the different influences of leftovers from two main sources: previous prescriptions and pharmaceutical purchases.DesignA cross-sectional questionnaire study.SettingThe participants were approached through kindergartens and primary schools as well as in vaccination clinics.ParticipantsA total of 9526 parents from three Chinese provinces whose children were aged 0–13 years completed the survey.Outcome measuresThe prevalence of keeping antibiotics at home for children and the proportion of leftover antibiotics from two main sources were measured by a self-administrated questionnaire. Logistic regression models were established to examine the association between keeping antibiotics at home and SMA for children, specifically the risks of leftovers from two main sources.ResultsOverall, 4580 (48.1%) reported keeping antibiotics at home for children. Among those who had leftovers, 2891 (63.1%) reported that their leftovers came from previous prescriptions and 1619 (35.3%) reported that their leftovers came from pharmaceutical purchases. Mothers, older age of child, higher household income, higher education level and medical background were significantly associated with keeping antibiotics at home. Keeping antibiotics at home was significantly associated with SMA for children (adjusted OR=4.91, 95% CI 3.84 to 6.28). Particularly, compared with parents who did not keep antibiotics at home, parents who kept leftover antibiotics from previous prescriptions and those whose leftovers came from pharmaceutical purchases were 3.80 (95% CI 2.89 to 5.00) and 6.45 (95% CI 4.89 to 8.51) times more likely to engage in SMA for children, respectively.ConclusionsKeeping antibiotics at home for children was pervasive in China. Most leftovers came from previous prescriptions, while those from pharmacies had a higher risk of SMA for children.