bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Butterfly Methanes: Designing a Novel Class of anti‐van′t Hoff Carbons
Authors: Saumya M. J. , Raghi K. R. , Sherin D. R. , Haridas K. R , Manojkumar T. K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmong different possible non‐classical structures, the stabilization of half‐planar tetracoordinate carbon conformation is believed to be the most difficult one. Herein, we designed three types of half‐planar tetracoordinate carbon compounds computationally by employing hybrid stabilization effects of substituents. The axial hydrogens of unstable half‐planar methane are substituted with π‐acceptor and σ‐donor substituents such as −BH2, −Li and the equatorial substituents selected are a combination of electropositive atoms (σ‐donors)/electronegative atoms (σ‐acceptors and π‐donors). To establish the stabilization factors, we conducted a detailed study on vibrational frequency analysis, molecular orbital analysis (including Natural Bond Orbitals) and electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis of optimized molecular geometries using density functional theory.
Eating disorders in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic—Results from an online survey of patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Schlegl Sandra , Maier Julia , Meule Adrian , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic and the resulting public restrictions pose a psychological burden for humans worldwide and may be particularly detrimental for individuals with mental disorders. Therefore, the current study explored effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on eating disorder (ED) symptoms and other psychological aspects in former inpatients with anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodOne‐hundred and fifty‐nine patients with AN—discharged from inpatient treatment in 2019—completed an online survey on contact history with COVID‐19, changes in ED symptoms and other psychological aspects, health care utilization, and strategies patients employed to cope during the pandemic.ResultsApproximately 70% of patients reported that eating, shape and weight concerns, drive for physical activity, loneliness, sadness, and inner restlessness increased during the pandemic. Access to in‐person psychotherapies and visits at the general practitioner (including weight checks) decreased by 37% and 46%, respectively. Videoconference therapy was used by 26% and telephone contacts by 35% of patients. Patients experienced daily routines, day planning and enjoyable activities as the most helpful among the most used coping strategies.DiscussionThe COVID‐19 pandemic poses great challenges to patients with AN. ED‐related thoughts and behaviors may be used as dysfunctional coping mechanisms to regain control over the current circumstances. E‐mental health interventions appear to be promising for supporting AN patients during these hard times. Furthermore, interventions addressing symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as intolerance of uncertainty might help them manage their ED symptoms.
Differences in distress: Variance and production of American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) distress calls in Belize
Authors: Boucher Miriam , Tellez Marisa , Anderson James T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAcoustic communication of American Crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) is relatively understudied. Our overall aim was to determine the acoustic structure of wild American Crocodile distress calls, distinguish call differences among size classes (hatchling, juvenile, sub‐adult, and adult), and investigate call production on a gradient of human disturbance. American Crocodile distress calls have strong frequency modulation and are comprised of multiple harmonics in a downsweeping pattern. Measured parameters (total duration, first quartile duration, maximal frequency, first quartile frequency, end frequency, slope of first quartile, slope of last quartiles) differed significantly among size classes (p < .05). Hatchling distress calls are higher in frequency and strongly modulated, whereas calls produced by sub‐adults and adults showed little modulation, are lower in frequency, and have greater overall duration. Proportion of crocodiles that produced distress calls during capture differed by size class and sampling location, particularly adult distress calls which are reported here to be produced with undocumented frequency. We determined that American Crocodiles of all size classes produce distress calls at varying rates among study sites. Our results demonstrate that American crocodiles produce distress call more frequently at sites with higher anthropogenic activity. Measured call parameters of juveniles and hatchling American crocodiles also varied among sites in relation to human disturbance. Calls recorded at sites of high anthropogenic impact have increased duration and less modulation which may adversely affect response to emitted distress calls. Proportional and call parameter variances suggest anthropogenic activity as a driver for increased call production and alteration of call parameters at high human‐impacted sites.
Are movements of daytime and nighttime passerine migrants as different as day and night?
Authors: Michalik Bianca , Brust Vera , Hüppop Ommo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEven after decades of research, the migration of songbirds still holds numerous secrets. Distinct stopover and routing behavior of diurnally and nocturnally migrating songbirds has been stated in the 1960s, but empirical confirmation is yet lacking widely. We studied the behavior of individual diurnally migrating dunnocks and nocturnally migrating blackcaps by means of large‐scale automated radio‐telemetry. Birds were radio‐tagged during their stopover at the German North Sea coast. Our data indicate longer initial stopover duration in the diurnally migrating dunnocks, opposing the hypothesis of nocturnal migrants needing more time to recover due to their longer migratory flights. Nonetheless, dunnocks stopped over more often along their tracks as when compared to the nocturnally migrating blackcaps. Behavior en route did not differ as clearly between species challenging the general view of contrasting routings of diurnal and nocturnal migrants with regard to landscape and open water. Our results imply additional factors of relevance other than differences in species or daily migration timing per se. We discuss and highlight the need of detailed and individual based data to better understand stopover and routing behavior of songbirds in the environmental context.
Effects of diatoms on erosion and accretion processes in saltmarsh inferred from field observations of hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes
Authors: Chen Dezhi , Li Mingliang , Zhang Yiyi , Zhang Longhui , Tang Jieping , Wu Hao , Wang Ya Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicrophytobenthos influence sediment dynamics via their growth and covering on the surface sediment of saltmarshes. To understand the sediment transport and morphological changes resulting from microphytobenthos in a saltmarsh, two parallelly located sites were established to measure the hydrodynamic forces, sediment characteristics and microphytobenthos properties both in winter and summer. Diatoms were not observed at any of the two sites in winter because of their growth cycles. In summer, however, diatoms were found in both sites, with a chlorophyll a (Chl‐a) concentration of 4.1 μg/g in the surficial sediment at the unvegetated site and a Chl‐a concentration of 1.4 μg/g at the vegetated site. Interactions between diatoms and fine particle accumulation induced positive feedbacks between the seabed stable states and the growth of diatoms. Furthermore, the critical erosion threshold value in the vegetated area was 0.33 N/m2, whereas the value in the adjacent unvegetated area reached up to 0.43 N/m2 because of the dense diatom armouring in summer, which increased 50% and 126% critical erosion threshold values than those at the corresponding sites in winter. Consequently, net sediment accumulation occurred in the unvegetated area in summer but opposite to that in winter. These results reveal that high coverage of diatoms contributes to substantial impacts on bed erodibility and sedimentary processes, which is vital for the understanding of the morphological evolution in saltmarshes, and provide valuable suggestions for coastal saltmarsh reconstruction.
The burden of pain in rheumatoid arthritis: Impact of disease activity and psychological factors
Authors: Vergne‐Salle Pascale , Pouplin Sophie , Trouvin Anne Priscille , Bera‐Louville Anne , Soubrier Martin , Richez Christophe , Javier Rose Marie , Perrot Serge , Bertin Philippe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPain remains a prevalent symptom for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients despite a wide therapeutic choice. The objective of this study was to provide a multidimensional evaluation of pain.MethodsA total of 295 RA patients from 7 French rheumatology centres were enrolled in a cross‐sectional study. Patients completed a chronic pain assessment questionnaire approved by the French National Authority for Health, the health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) as well as depression and anxiety scales (HAD, Beck Depression Inventory, STAI). Disease activity (DAS28) and ESR were recorded. A multivariate descriptive analysis was undertaken using principal component analysis (PCA).Results38.4% of patients had a pain score > 40 mm/100, although 83% were on biological treatment and 38.7% were in remission based on the RA activity score. The PCA analysis found four axes representing 70% of total variance. The axes, per cent of variance and variables represented were as follows: (a) axis 1, 41% variance, anxiety and depression scores, sensory and affective qualifier score, HAQ and pain impact on daily life; (b) axis 2, 13% variance, disease activity score (DAS28) and pain relief with current treatment; (c) axis 3, 9% of variance, RA duration and radiographic score and (d) axis 4, 6% of variance, DAS28 and ESR. Moderate to severe pain was significantly associated with axes 1 and 2.ConclusionsDespite a high proportion of patients on biological treatments, 38.4% of patients continue to experience moderate to severe pain. Pain is associated with the RA activity score, but also with the depression and anxiety scores.SignificanceSubstantial proportion of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients still experiences relevant pain, although more than 80% on biological treatment. Pain is primarily associated with anxiety and depression scores and with disease activity score. These findings highlight the need to assess patients’ mental well‐being alongside. Clinical measures of disease activity to better manage pain and guide treatment decisions.
Voltammetric Determination of an Anti‐rheumatoid Drug Acemetacin on Graphite Flake Paste Electrode and Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Festinger Natalia , Smarzewska Sylwia , Mirčeski Valentin , Ciesielski Witold 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, a simple and sensitive square wave voltammetric procedure has been developed for the determination of acemetacin (ACM) at graphite flake paste electrode (GFPE) and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Under optimized conditions, the dependence of ACM peak current on its concentration showed wide linear range: 0.03–1.0 μmol L−1 and 0.7–15.0 μmol L−1 at GFPE and GCE, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of ACM in pharmaceuticals and spiked urine with satisfying recoveries. The electrochemical oxidation of ACM is an irreversible process controlled by mixed nature of the mass transfer process.
Pilot assessment of a virtual intensive outpatient program for adults with eating disorders
Authors: Blalock Dan V. , Le Grange Daniel , Johnson Craig , Duffy Alan , Manwaring Jamie , Tallent Casey N. , Schneller Karen , Solomon Ashley M. , Mehler Philip S. , McClanahan Susan F. , Rienecke Renee D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccess to evidence‐based treatment for eating disorders is severely limited by patient barriers and available clinician training. While clinical parameters often point to the need for a high level of care, patients may resist pursuing higher levels of care due to these barriers. One option that might mitigate such obstacles is the provision of a higher level of care via internet‐based treatment for eating disorders. We sought to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary clinical outcomes associated with treatment of eating disorders through virtual intensive outpatient programming (VIOP). Fifty‐seven patients meeting DSM‐5 criteria for an eating disorder participated in VIOP. Of the 57 patients in VIOP treatment, 3 did not complete voluntary measures at admission or discharge, and 9 additional patients did not complete voluntary measures at discharge. Overall, 45 VIOP patients completed admission and discharge assessments, including a net promoter score (NPS) question assessing patient acceptability. Recruitment, treatment adherence, and completion of assessments in VIOP were feasible and acceptable. VIOP patients showed significant and clinically meaningful improvements in all outcomes measured, including self‐reported eating disorder symptoms, depression, self‐esteem, quality of life, and overall satisfaction. VIOP appears feasible, acceptable, and evidences clinically meaningful changes in eating and mood disorder symptoms.
Online reinforcement learning for adaptive interference coordination
Authors: Alcaraz Juan J. , Ayala‐Romero Jose A. , Vales‐Alonso Javier , Losilla‐López Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous networks (HetNets), in which small cells overlay macro cells, are a cost‐effective approach to increase the capacity of cellular networks. However, HetNets have raised new issues related to cell association and interference management. In particular, the optimal configuration of interference coordination (IC) parameters is a challenging task because it depends on multiple stochastic processes such as the locations of the users, the traffic demands, or the strength of the received signals. This work proposes a self‐optimization algorithm capable of finding the optimal configuration in an operating network. We address the problem using a reinforcement learning (RL) approach, in which the actions are the IC configurations, whose performances are initially unknown. The main difficulty is that, due to the variable network conditions, the performance of each action may change over time. Our proposal is based on two main elements: the sequential exploration of subsets of actions (exploration regions), and an optimal stopping (OS) strategy for deciding when to end current exploration and start a new one. For our algorithm, referred to as local exploration with optimal stopping (LEOS), we provide theoretical bounds on its long‐term regret per sample and its convergence time. We compare LEOS to state‐of‐the‐art learning algorithms based on multiarmed bandits and policy gradient RL. Considering different changing rates in the network conditions, our numerical results show that LEOS outperforms the first alternative by 22%, and the second one by 48% in terms of average regret per sample.
Salivary and lacrimal dysfunction after radioactive iodine for differentiated thyroid cancer: American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section and Salivary Gland Section joint multidisciplinary clinical consensus statement of otolaryngology, ophthalmology, nuclear medicine and endocrinology
Authors: Singer Michael C. , Marchal Francis , Angelos Peter , Bernet Vic , Boucai Laura , Buchholzer Samanta , Burkey Brian , Eisele David , Erkul Evren , Faure Frederic , Freitag Suzanne K. , Gillespie Marion Boyd , Harrell Richard Mack , Hartl Dana , Haymart Megan , Leffert Jonathan , Mandel Susan , Miller Barbra S. , Morris John , Pearce Elizabeth N. , Rahmati Rahmatullah , Ryan William R. , Schaitkin Barry , Schlumberger Martin , Stack Brendan C. , Van Nostrand Doug , Wong Ka Kit , Randolph Gregory 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) administration is widely utilized in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. While beneficial in select patients, it is critical to recognize the potential negative sequelae of this treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and management of the salivary and lacrimal complications of RAI exposure are addressed in this consensus statement.MethodsA multidisciplinary panel of experts was convened under the auspices of the American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery and Salivary Gland Sections. Following a comprehensive literature review to assess the current best evidence, this group developed six relevant consensus recommendations.ResultsConsensus recommendations on RAI were made in the areas of patient assessment, optimal utilization, complication prevention, and complication management.ConclusionSalivary and lacrimal complications secondary to RAI exposure are common and need to be weighed when considering its use. The recommendations included in this statement provide direction for approaches to minimize and manage these complications.
Factors influencing the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the Rupandehi district of Nepal
Authors: Nepal Anant , Hendrie Delia , Selvey Linda A. , Robinson Suzanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionAntimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis. A major driver of resistance is inappropriate antibiotic use, resulting from practices of prescribers, dispensers and patients. The purpose of this study was to identify the perception of service providers and policymakers about the inappropriate use of antibiotics in Nepal.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted to explore factors influencing antibiotic use. Participants included 17 service providers and policymakers from the Rupandehi district in Nepal, with a semi‐structured interview schedule adopted. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify themes relating to the inappropriate use of antibiotics.ResultsInappropriate use of antibiotics was found to result from the interaction of demand and supply factors, together with a weak regulatory environment. Lack of knowledge by consumers and financial constraints resulted in practices such as self‐medication and pressure being placed on providers to prescribe or dispense antibiotics. An insufficient choice of antibiotics, and health services not having investigation facilities, was also factors leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics. Additionally, in the private sector, the profit motive arising from incentives provided by pharmaceutical companies contributed to prescribing or dispensing antibiotics inappropriately.ConclusionPromoting appropriate antibiotic use is critical to reduce the growing public health threat of antibiotic resistance. A multi‐faceted approach involving policymakers, providers, and the general public using both educational and regulatory measures is required to address this problem in Nepal, and potentially also in other low‐income countries with a similar healthcare system.
The paths from insider to outsider: A review of employee exit transitions
Authors: Klotz Anthony C. , Swider Brian W. , Shao Yiduo , Prengler Melanie K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEmployees' roles as organizational members often do not end immediately after they have made the decision to leave or it has been made for them. Instead, this decision serves as a turning point initiating an exit transition process. The purpose of this article is to consolidate prior scholarship in order to gain an understanding of the state of the science, as it pertains to exit transitions. Our literature review yielded almost 200 articles that have directly or indirectly studied the exit transition process. In organizing the insights from these studies, four categories of exit transition scholarship emerged—exit transitions in the context of voluntary turnover, involuntary turnover, temporary transitions, and top management exits. Moreover, our review indicated that exit transitions are shaped by three critical forces—the permanence of the transition, the magnitude of the identity change associated with the exit, and the organizational impact of the exit. We review research on each of the four categories and show how each type of transition is shaped by these forces. Finally, we turn our focus to the future of work and discuss how changes in the way that work is structured may alter the study of employee exit transitions in the future.
Modelling renewable energy adoption across south Asian economies: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka
Authors: Murshed Muntasir , Abbass Kashif , Rashid Seemran 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to empirically shed light on the pertinence of enhancing trade and foreign capital flows with relevance to stimulating greater use of renewable energy resources across selected South Asian economies namely Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The economic transition from the use of non‐renewable energy tothe renewable alternatives is an interesting genre of research keeping the partial attainment of the United Nations' 2030 Sustainable Development Goals agenda into consideration. Against this milieu, trade and financial liberalization policies are anticipated to play a pivotal role in facilitating the renewable energy transition phenomenon across South Asia. The overall results from the econometric analyses imply that higher degrees of trade openness and greater foreign currency inflows can invariably play critically important roles in amplifying the shares of renewables in the total energy consumption levels across this region. Thus, these findings impose key policy implications for attainment of energy sustainability across South Asia.
Interdependence and portfolio optimisation of bank equity returns from developed and emerging Europe
Authors: Arreola Hernandez Jose , Kang Sang Hoon , Yoon Seong‐Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examine the spillovers, portfolio allocation, and diversification potential of bank equity portfolios from developed and emerging countries in Europe (henceforth, developed and emerging Europe) using a directional spillover index and nonlinear portfolio optimisation methods. Empirical results indicate that in developed Europe the largest spillover receivers and transmitters are the banks from France and Spain, whereas in emerging Europe are those from Greece and Poland. Cross‐country spillover transmission and reception is larger across banks from developed Europe than across banks from emerging Europe. Banks from emerging Europe offer greater diversification potential and have a lower risk for financial resource allocation.
Exosomes derived from regulatory T cells ameliorate acute myocardial infarction by promoting macrophage M2 polarization
Authors: Hu Hao , Wu Jiawei , Cao Cheng , Ma Likun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious ischemic heart disease. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) participate in AMI. This article aims to investigate the mechanism of action of Tregs in AMI. We constructed AMI mouse model. Then, AMI mouse and mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) were treated with Tregs or Treg‐derived exosomes. The cardiac function of mice was detected. Triphenyl‐tetrazolium chloride and TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling staining were performed to detect the myocardial infarct size or apoptosis. The proportions of macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to estimate the levels of cytokines and genes. We found that Tregs ameliorated cardiac function, reduced myocardial infarct size and inhibited apoptosis of myocardial cells in AMI mice. Moreover, Treg‐derived exosomes reduced myocardial infarct size and repressed apoptosis of myocardial cells in AMI mice. Furthermore, Treg‐derived exosomes suppressed the expression of M1 macrophage markers, and promoted the expression of M2 macrophage markers in myocardial tissues of AMI mice and RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that exosomes derived from Tregs ameliorate AMI by promoting macrophage M2 polarization. Thus, Tregs may be an essential cell for AMI treatment.