bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enterotoxigenicity of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Dry Catfish Sold in Some Open Markets in Zaria - Nigeria
Authors: O. Oko Joseph , Adeshina Gbonjubola O. , Onaolapo Josiah A. 
Published: January 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the enterotoxigenic potential of MDR S. aureus isolated from dry catfish sold in some open markets in Zaria, Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and Central Laboratory, City Campus of the Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria, from December 2017 to March 2019.
Methodology: We collected five, each of multidrug resistant and susceptible S. aureus isolates from the Pharmaceutical Microbiology Laboratory of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and confirmed them as S. aureus. Cell concentrates were harvested from 24 hours old Luria and Bertani (LB) pure broth culture of S. aureus isolates by centrifugation at 4°C, 8000 rpm (6800 × g) in a micro-centrifuge for two minutes at room temperature. We used ZymoBIOMICS™ DNA Miniprep Kits to extract the genomic DNA from the harvested cells. We used PCR to amplify the 16S RNA, mecA and the enterotoxin genes after an external optimization of the reaction to ensure a better amplification. Finally, we used exactly two percent agarose gel to resolve the PCR genomic DNA fragments with their primers.
Results: The results of the PCR and gel electrophoresis indicated that all the ten (10) strains of S. aureus tested for 16S rDNA gene where positive for the gene whereas only two strains (20%) out of the ten (10) were positive for mecA gene. Among the ten (10) strains of S. aureus, tested, four (40%) strains were positive for two or more staphylococcal enterotoxin genes. All but one phenotypic multidrug resistant isolates carried genes for enterotoxins whereas, phenotypically drug susceptible isolates showed no band for enterotoxins.
Conclusion: This study showed that enterotoxin genes were common amongst the antibiotics resistant strains, which indicated a possibility of a relationship between antibiotics resistance and enterotoxogenicity.
Artificial Tear Drops Influence on High Order Aberrations in Healthy Eye Subjects
Authors: Chraibi Fouad , Khodriss Chaimae , Bennis Ahmed , Abdellaoui Meriem , Andaloussi Benatiya Idriss 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To gain more insight into tear film from a functional standpoint, we investigate artificial tear eye drops effect by assessing its influence on high order aberration in healthy eye subjects using a Shack-Hartmann aberrometer.
Methods: An observational case-control study into which 20 young healthy participants were involved. High order aberrations were measured using Shack-Hartmann technology before; 1 hour and 3 hours after instillation of a 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drop.
Main measured outcomes were root mean square of high order aberrations in central 5 mm (HOA 5) and in central 6 mm (HOA 6), spherical aberration, vertical coma, horizontal coma, vertical trefoil, horizontal trefoil.
Results: The HOA 5 mean value was 0.21µ before the instillation of artificial tear eye drops and 0.185µ one hour after instillation with a significant statistical difference (p=0.01) and 0.186µ three hours after instillation with no significant statistical difference (p=0.057). No significant statistical difference was found for HOA 6 before and after tear eye drops application.
Vertical coma was the only subset of high order aberrations that was significantly improved from 0.042µ to -0.003µ one hour after tear eye drops application (p=0.04). There was no statistical difference for all the other measurements.
Conclusions: Some high order aberrations could arise from the tear film even in a healthy patient. Vertical coma could be used as a tool to point to the integrity of tear film. For wavefront-guided refractive surgery candidates, high order aberrations should be assessed 1 hour after artificial tear drop instillation.
Enhancing student-pharmacists' professional development through community outreach with dementia population
Authors: Mosley Brianne , Kroustos Kelly Reilly , Sobota Kristen Finley , Brooks Rebecca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionMisinterpreted or minimized sensations related to progressive neuronal loss are predictive of the prominent behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) observed in dementia. Guidelines recommend nonpharmacologic interventions via sensory engagement be included in the standard of patient care. To facilitate implementation, collaboration with health care students equipped with nonpharmacologic strategies to manage BPSD should be encouraged. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of outreach participation on student-pharmacists' comfort levels and perceived communication ability when interacting with patients with dementia.MethodsDuring the sensory stimulation outreach, pharmacy students were paired with a patient with dementia to encourage fidget blanket use through patient-specific directions and demonstration. A single-group, pretest-posttest design was utilized to assess changes in students' comfort level and perceived communication ability prior to and immediately following outreach participation.ResultsTwenty-six students attended between 1 and 5 outreaches. Students reported a statistically significant increase in comfort level while interacting with patients with dementia after attending their first (n = 26, Z = 2.754, P = .006), second (n = 16, Z = 2.124, P = .034), and third outreach (n = 12, Z = 2.449, P = .014). Students' weighted composite communication scores showed a statistically significant increase after their first (n = 26, Z = 3.309, P = .001) and third outreach experiences (n = 12, Z = 2.375, P = .018).DiscussionParticipation in this sensory stimulation outreach improved students' comfort level and ability to communicate while interacting with patients with dementia. Greater exposure to the population through continued outreach participation was associated with a further increase in comfort level and perceived communication ability.
Implementation and evaluation of depression screening in patients with recently diagnosed coronary artery disease
Authors: Mailloux Lindsay M. , Haas Matthew T. , Kennedy Steven P. , DeJongh Beth M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are at an increased risk for depression. Additionally, comorbid depression in patients with CAD is associated with increased mortality and worse cardiac outcomes. Screening this patient population for depression is recommended but is not routinely done in practice. The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to implement a protocol to screen patients with CAD for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Primary objectives were to determine the frequency of positive depression screens and the frequency of acceptance of mental health (MH) service referral.

Methods
Patients with CAD were screened for depression using the PHQ-9 during a hospital admission to the inpatient cardiology unit at the Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center. All patients were rescreened for depression at 4 and 8 weeks after discharge. Patients with positive screens for depression were offered referral for MH services, and reasons for decline were documented.

Results
Of the 36 patients screened for depression, 14 (39%) screened positive for depression, including 10 patients at baseline (28%), 3 additional patients (8%) at week 4 after discharge, and 1 additional patient (3%) at week 8 after discharge. Of the 14 patients who screened positive for depression, 3 patients (21%) accepted MH service referral. The most commonly reported reason for declining referral was no perceived benefit.

Discussion
The results of this initiative support the utility of using the PHQ-9 for depression screening in patients with recently diagnosed CAD and offering MH service referral for treatment of comorbid depression.
Laminated Perovskite Photovoltaics: Enabling Novel Layer Combinations and Device Architectures
Authors: Schmager Raphael , Roger Julie , Schwenzer Jonas A. , Schackmar Fabian , Abzieher Tobias , Malekshahi Byranvand Mahdi , Abdollahi Nejand Bahram , Worgull Matthias , Richards Bryce S. , Paetzold Ulrich W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh‐efficiency perovskite‐based solar cells can be fabricated via either solution‐processing or vacuum‐based thin‐film deposition. However, both approaches limit the choice of materials and the accessible device architectures, due to solvent incompatibilities or possible layer damage by vacuum techniques. To overcome these limitations, the lamination of two independently processed half‐stacks of the perovskite solar cell is presented in this work. By laminating the two half‐stacks at an elevated temperature (≈90 °C) and pressure (≈50 MPa), the polycrystalline perovskite thin‐film recrystallizes and the perovskite/charge transport layer (CTL) interface forms an intimate electrical contact. The laminated perovskite solar cells with tin oxide and nickel oxide as CTLs exhibit power conversion efficiencies of up to 14.6%. Moreover, they demonstrate long‐term and high‐temperature stability at temperatures of up to 80 °C. This freedom of design is expected to access both novel device architectures and pairs of CTLs that remain usually inaccessible.
Breathable and Flexible Polymer Membranes with Mechanoresponsive Electric Resistance
Authors: Gao Qiang , Kopera Bernd A. F. , Zhu Jian , Liao Xiaojian , Gao Chao , Retsch Markus , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFlexible low‐resistance membranes play an important role in soft electronics as sensors for robotics, body movement monitoring, nanogenerators to collect kinetic energy from body movements, and flexible batteries. Despite great efforts, low‐resistance, mechanically stable large‐dimensional membranes that tolerate very high deformability without sacrificing resistance produce low joule heating and allow passage of gases for human comfort are still being sought. Here, one of the solutions is provided by sandwiching a network of silver nanowires (AgNWs) between two highly porous electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membranes. The membranes are mechanically robust (both for bending and stretching) with a strong interface and large strain before breakage (more than 700%). The sheet resistance is as low as <0.1 (±0.01) Ω sq−1, and changed to only 1.6 (±0.43) Ω sq−1 upon stretching to 100% strain. The combination of polymer elasticity and the AgNW network structure provides a reversible change in resistance beyond 100% strain. A detailed thermographic analysis is employed to in situ image and characterize the AgNW network morphology during various stretched conditions. It is believed that this flexible, sandwich‐like, electrically conductive membrane is a good candidate for smart wearable devices and soft robots.
Assembly of Molecular Building Blocks into Integrated Complex Functional Molecular Systems: Structuring Matter Made to Order
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Matt Yannick , Begum Salma , Tsotsalas Manuel , Bräse Stefan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFunction‐inspired design of molecular building blocks for their assembly into complex systems has been an objective in engineering nanostructures and materials modulation at nanoscale. This article summarizes recent research and inspiring progress in the design/synthesis of various custom‐made chiral, switchable, and highly responsive molecular building blocks for the construction of diverse covalent/noncovalent assemblies with tailored topologies, properties, and functions. Illustrating the judicious selection of building blocks, orthogonal functionalities, and innate physical/chemical properties that bring diversity and complex functions once reticulated into materials, special focus is given to their assembly into porous crystalline networks such as metal/covalent–organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs), surface‐mounted frameworks (SURMOFs), metal–organic cages/rings (MOCs), cross‐linked polymer gels, porous organic polymers (POPs), and related architectures that find diverse applications in life science and various other functional materials. Smart and stimuli‐responsive or dynamic building blocks, once embedded into materials, can be remotely modulated by external stimuli (light, electrons, chemicals, or mechanical forces) for controlling the structure and properties, thus being applicable for dynamic photochemical and mechanochemical control in constructing new forms of matter made to order. Then, an overview of current challenges, limitations, as well as future research directions and opportunities in this field, are discussed.
Engineering of the Electron Transport Layer/Perovskite Interface in Solar Cells Designed on TiO2 Rutile Nanorods
Authors: Shahvaranfard Fahimeh , Altomare Marco , Hou Yi , Hejazi Seyedsina , Meng Wei , Osuagwu Benedict , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe engineering of the electron transport layer (ETL)/light absorber interface is explored in perovskite solar cells. Single‐crystalline TiO2 nanorod (NR) arrays are used as ETL and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) as light absorber. A dual ETL surface modification is investigated, namely by a TiCl4 treatment combined with a subsequent PC61BM monolayer deposition, and the effects on the device photovoltaic performance were evaluated with respect to single modifications. Under optimized conditions, for the combined treatment synergistic effects are observed that lead to remarkable enhancements in cell efficiency, from 14.2% to 19.5%, and to suppression of hysteresis. The devices show JSC, VOC, and fill factor as high as 23.2 mA cm−2, 1.1 V, and 77%, respectively. These results are ascribed to a more efficient charge transfer across the ETL/perovskite interface, which originates from the passivation of defects and trap states at the ETL surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest cell performance ever reported for TiO2 NR‐based solar cells fabricated with conventional MAPI light absorber. Perspective wise, this ETL surface functionalization approach combined with more recently developed and better performing light absorbers, such as mixed cation/anion hybrid perovskite materials, is expected to provide further performance enhancements.
N/O Dual‐Doped Environment‐Friendly Hard Carbon as Advanced Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Rong Chao , Xu Bo , Dong Hou Ji , Yang Chun Cheng , Jiang Qing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are considered as promising candidates for lithium‐ion batteries due to the abundant reserve and lower cost of K resources. However, K+ exhibits a larger radius than that of Li+, which may impede the intercalation of K+ into the electrode, thus resulting in poor cycling stability of PIBs. Here, an N/O dual‐doped hard carbon (NOHC) is constructed by carbonizing the renewable piths of sorghum stalks. As a PIB anode, NOHC presents a high reversible capacity (304.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles) and superior cycling stability (189.5 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 5000 cycles). The impressive electrochemical performances can be ascribed to the super‐stable porous structure, expanded interlayer space, and N/O dual‐doping. More importantly, the NOHC can be prepared in large scale in a concise way, showing great potential for commercialization applications. This work may impel the development of low‐cost and sustainable carbon‐based materials for PIBs and other advanced energy storage devices.
Generative Deep Neural Networks for Inverse Materials Design Using Backpropagation and Active Learning
Authors: Chen Chun‐Teh , Gu Grace X. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques are seen to be promising tools to discover and design novel materials. However, the lack of robust inverse design approaches to identify promising candidate materials without exploring the entire design space causes a fundamental bottleneck. A general‐purpose inverse design approach is presented using generative inverse design networks. This ML‐based inverse design approach uses backpropagation to calculate the analytical gradients of an objective function with respect to design variables. This inverse design approach is capable of overcoming local minima traps by using backpropagation to provide rapid calculations of gradient information and running millions of optimizations with different initial values. Furthermore, an active learning strategy is adopted in the inverse design approach to improve the performance of candidate materials and reduce the amount of training data needed to do so. Compared to passive learning, the active learning strategy is capable of generating better designs and reducing the amount of training data by at least an order‐of‐magnitude in the case study on composite materials. The inverse design approach is compared with conventional gradient‐based topology optimization and gradient‐free genetic algorithms and the pros and cons of each method are discussed when applied to materials discovery and design problems.
Optimizing Patient Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke (SELECT): A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study of Imaging Selection
Authors: Sarraj Amrou , Hassan Ameer E. , Grotta James , Sitton Clark , Cutter Gary , Cai Chunyan , Chen Peng R. , Imam Bita , Pujara Deep , Arora Ashish , Reddy Sujan , Parsha Kaushik , Riascos Roy F. , Vora Nirav , Abraham Michael , Edgell Randall , Hellinger Frank , Haussen Diogo C. , Blackburn Spiros , Kamal Haris , Barreto Andrew D. , Martin‐Schild Sheryl , Lansberg Maarten , Gupta Rishi , Savitz Sean , Albers Gregory W. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThe primary imaging modalities used to select patients for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) are noncontrast computed tomography (CT) and CT perfusion (CTP). However, their relative utility is uncertain. We prospectively assessed CT and CTP concordance/discordance and correlated the imaging profiles on both with EVT treatment decisions and clinical outcomes.MethodsA phase 2, multicenter, prospective cohort study of large‐vessel occlusions presented up to 24 hours from last known well was conducted. Patients received a unified prespecified imaging evaluation (CT, CT angiography, and CTP with Rapid Processing of Perfusion and Diffusion software mismatch determination). The treatment decision, EVT versus medical management, was nonrandomized and at the treating physicians’ discretion. An independent, blinded, neuroimaging core laboratory adjudicated favorable profiles based on predefined criteria (CT:Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score ≥ 6, CTP:regional cerebral blood flow (<30%) < 70ml with mismatch ratio ≥ 1.2 and mismatch volume ≥ 10ml).ResultsOf 4,722 patients screened from January 2016 to February 2018, 361 patients were included. Two hundred eighty‐five (79%) received EVT, of whom 87.0% had favorable CTs, 91% favorable CTPs, 81% both favorable profiles, 16% discordant, and 3% both unfavorable. Favorable profiles on the 2 modalities correlated similarly with 90‐day functional independence rates (favorable CT = 56% vs favorable CTP = 57%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40–9.01, p = 0.41). Having a favorable profile on both modalities significantly increased the odds of receiving thrombectomy as compared to discordant profiles (aOR = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.97–8.01, p < 0.001). Fifty‐eight percent of the patients with favorable profiles on both modalities achieved functional independence as compared to 38% in discordant profiles and 0% when both were unfavorable (p < 0.001 for trend). In favorable CT/unfavorable CTP profiles, EVT was associated with high symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (24%) and mortality (53%) rates.InterpretationPatients with favorable imaging profiles on both modalities had higher odds of receiving EVT and high functional independence rates. Patients with discordant profiles achieved reasonable functional independence rates, but those with an unfavorable CTP had higher adverse outcomes. Ann Neurol 2020;87:419–433
Biomimetic Networks with Enhanced Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity from Conjugated Polythiophene/Polyisocyanide Hybrid Hydrogels
Authors: Yuan Hongbo , Zhan Yong , Rowan Alan E. , Xing Chengfen , Kouwer Paul H. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHybrid biomimetic hydrogels with enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐generation efficiency under 600 nm light show high antibacterial activity. The hybrid gels are composed of helical tri(ethylene glycol)‐functionalized polyisocyanides (PICs) and a conformation‐sensitive conjugated polythiophene, poly(3‐(3′‐N,N,N‐triethylammonium‐1′‐propyloxy)‐4‐methyl‐2,5‐thiophene chloride) (PMNT). The PIC polymer serves as a scaffold to trap and align the PMNT backbone into a highly ordered conformation, resulting in redshifted, new sharp bands in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. Similar to PIC, the hybrid closely mimics the mechanical properties of biological gels, such as collagen and fibrin, including the strain stiffening properties at low stresses. Moreover, the PMNT/PIC hybrids show much higher ROS production efficiency under red light than PMNT only, leading to an efficient photodynamic antimicrobial effect towards various pathogenic bacteria.
Fabrication of Self‐Oscillating Micelles with a Built‐In Oxidizing Agent
Authors: Yoshizawa Toshiki , Onoda Michika , Ueki Takeshi , Tamate Ryota , Akimoto Aya Mizutani , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVarious biological behaviors are fueled by “respiration”, which is an example of catabolism. So far, we have reported various self‐oscillating soft materials exhibiting bioinspired dynamic movements. These autonomous polymer systems are driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, which is analogous to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle that is an integral part of respiration. However, in the BZ reaction, the external addition of an oxidizing agent is necessary to initiate the oxidation process, which is realized by intracellular moieties such as ubiquinone in living systems. Herein, we realized self‐oscillating micelles that are driven without the external addition of an oxidizing agent. This was achieved by embedding the oxidizing source into the structure of the self‐oscillating AB diblock copolymers. This strategy introduces a new function equivalent to intracellular oxidizing moieties, and is useful for the design of completely autonomous bioinspired materials.
Collective Breathing in an Eightfold Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Framework: From Mechanistic Understanding towards Threshold Sensing Architectures
Authors: Roztocki Kornel , Formalik Filip , Krawczuk Anna , Senkovska Irena , Kuchta Bogdan , Kaskel Stefan , Matoga Dariusz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFunctional materials that respond to chemical or physical stimuli through reversible structural transformations are highly desirable for the integration into devices. Now, a new stable and flexible eightfold interpenetrated three‐dimensional (3D) metal–organic framework (MOF) is reported, [Zn(oba)(pip)]n (JUK‐8) based on 4,4′‐oxybis(benzenedicarboxylate) (oba) and 4‐pyridyl functionalized benzene‐1,3‐dicarbohydrazide (pip) linkers, featuring distinct switchability in response to guest molecules (H2O and CO2) or temperature. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD), combined with density functional theory (DFT) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations, reveal a unique breathing mechanism involving collective motions of eight mixed‐linker diamondoid subnetworks with only minor displacements between them. The pronounced stepwise volume change of JUK‐8 during water adsorption is used to construct an electron conducting composite film for resistive humidity sensing.