bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood trauma moderates morphometric associations between orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala: implications for pathological personality traits
Authors: Bounoua Nadia , Miglin Rickie , Spielberg Jeffrey M. , Johnson Curtis L. , Sadeh Naomi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch has demonstrated that chronic stress exposure early in development can lead to detrimental alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)–amygdala circuit. However, the majority of this research uses functional neuroimaging methods, and thus the extent to which childhood trauma corresponds to morphometric alterations in this limbic-cortical network has not yet been investigated. This study had two primary objectives: (i) to test whether anatomical associations between OFC–amygdala differed between adults as a function of exposure to chronic childhood assaultive trauma and (ii) to test how these environment-by-neurobiological effects relate to pathological personality traits.MethodsParticipants were 137 ethnically diverse adults (48.1% female) recruited from the community who completed a clinical diagnostic interview, a self-report measure of pathological personality traits, and anatomical MRI scans.ResultsFindings revealed that childhood trauma moderated bilateral OFC–amygdala volumetric associations. Specifically, adults with childhood trauma exposure showed a positive association between medial OFC volume and amygdalar volume, whereas adults with no childhood exposure showed the negative OFC–amygdala structural association observed in prior research with healthy samples. Examination of the translational relevance of trauma-related alterations in OFC–amygdala volumetric associations for disordered personality traits revealed that trauma exposure moderated the association of OFC volume with antagonistic and disinhibited phenotypes, traits characteristic of Cluster B personality disorders.ConclusionsThe OFC–amygdala circuit is a potential anatomical pathway through which early traumatic experiences perpetuate emotional dysregulation into adulthood and confer risk for personality pathology. Results provide novel evidence of divergent neuroanatomical pathways to similar personality phenotypes depending on early trauma exposure.
Thrombocytopaenia in cyanotic CHD
Authors: Danioth Simona , Schanz Urs , Greutmann Matthias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Thrombocytopaenia is common in adults with cyanotic heart disease. Our aim was to explore potential mechanisms for thrombocytopaenia in these vulnerable patients.Methods:Adults with cyanotic heart defects were identified from our clinical database. Haemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and resting oxygen saturations were determined at baseline and during follow-up. Associations between patient characteristics and cardiac physiology with these parameters at baseline and during follow-up were analysed using regression models. Survival estimates were determined by the Kaplan–Meier method.Results:We included 79 patients (mean age 32.2 ± 12.4, 48 (61%) Eisenmenger syndrome, 20 (25%) Down syndrome). Mean oxygen saturation was 84.1 ± 5.9%; 38 (48%) had thrombocytopaenia. There was a strong inverse correlation between platelet count and haemoglobin level (R = −0.655, R2 = 0.429, p < 0.0001) and a weaker but significant positive correlation between platelet count and oxygen saturation (R = 0.345, R2 = 0.119, p = 0.002). There was a significant inverse correlation between decrease in platelet count and increase in haemoglobin level during follow-up (R = −0.401, R2 = 0.161, p = 0.001) but not to changes in oxygen saturation (R = 0.043, R2 = 0.002, p = 0.726). Survival estimates were lower for patients with thrombocytopaenia at baseline (log-rank test p < 0.0001).Conclusions:Our findings suggest a direct inverse correlation between platelet counts and haemoglobin levels in adults with cyanotic heart disease. Further studies are required to explore the mechanisms of thrombocytopaenia in cyanotic heart disease and its potential role as an independent marker of risk.
Implementation of Universal Infant Free School Meals: a pilot study in NE England exploring the impact on Key Stage 1 pupil’s dietary intake
Authors: Spence Suzanne , Matthews John NS , McSweeney Lorraine , Rowland Maisie K , Orango Phoebe , Adamson Ashley J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To consider the principal effect of an interaction between year (pre- and post-Universal Infant Free School Meals (UIFSM)) and school on pupil’s dietary intakes.Design:A repeated cross-sectional survey using dietary data from 2008 to 2009 (pre-) and 2017 to 2018 (post-UIFSM)Setting:Two primary schools, NE England.Participants:Pupils aged 4–7 years (2008–2009 n 121; 2017–2018 n 87).Results:At lunchtime, there was a statistically significant decrease in pupils non-milk extrinsic sugars intake (%E NMEs) pre- to post-UIFSM (mean change –4·6 %; 95 % CI –6·3, –2·9); this was reflected in total diet (–3·8 %; –5·2, –2·7 %). A year and school interaction was found for mean Ca intakes: post-UIFSM pupils in School 2 had a similar mean intake as pre; in School 1 intakes had increased (difference of difference: –120 mg; 95 % CI –179, –62); no reflection in total diet. Post-UIFSM mean portions of yogurt decreased in School 2 and remained similar in School 1 (–0·25; –0·46, –0·04); this was similar for ‘cake/pudding’ and fruit.Conclusions:Within the limitations, these findings highlight positives and limitations following UIFSM implementation and demonstrate the role of school-level food practices on pupil’s choices. To facilitate maximum potential of UIFSM, national levers, such as discussions on updating school food standards, including sugars, could consider removing the daily ‘pudding’ option and advocate ‘fruit only’ options 1 d/week, as some schools do currently. Small school-level changes could maximise positive health impacts by decreasing NMEs intake. A more robust evaluation is imperative to consider dietary impacts, equitability and wider effects on schools and families.
Demographic variations and temporal trends in prenatal use of multiple micronutrient supplements in Beijing, 2013–2017
Authors: Bian Haiyang , Tang Youchi , Zhou Yubo , Li Hongtian , Liu Jianmeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To provide updated information about demographic variations and temporal trends in the prenatal use of multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplements in the metropolitan areas of China.Design:Descriptive analysis of routine prenatal healthcare data between 2013 and 2017.Setting:Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.Participants:A total of 197 346 pregnant women who attended their first prenatal care visit and provided information about MMN supplementation during the periconceptional period.Results:Of these pregnant women, 60·6 % reported consuming prenatal MMN supplements. In multivariate-adjusted models, there were significant gradients of age, education and parity in prenatal MMN supplementation, with the highest likelihood of MMN use among the oldest, the most highly educated and nulliparous women (Pfor trend< 0·001). Compared with that among unemployed women, prenatal MMN supplementation was more common among the employed, especially those engaged in business (adjusted relative risks (95 % CI): 1·08 (1·06, 1·10)) and management (1·10 (1·08, 1·12)). The proportion of prenatal MMN supplementation was 57·0 % in 2013, which increased to 63·5 % in 2017 (Pfor trend< 0·001). The trends varied by age, education and parity (Pfor heterogeneity< 0·001), whereas no significant difference was observed in trends across subgroups of ethnicity or occupation. The greatest magnitude increase in MMN supplement use occurred in women of age < 25 years (annual percent change: 5·7 %), less than high school education (9·6 %), parity ≥ 2 (6·8 %) or unemployment (6·1 %).Conclusion:Approximately two-thirds of women consumed prenatal MMN supplements during the periconceptional period in the central area of Beijing and the proportion increased over time, indicating a need to evaluate the effectiveness and safety and to develop a guideline for relatively well-nourished women.
Pharmacological considerations of antibiotic failures in bovine respiratory disease cases
Authors: Lubbers Brian V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common indications for antimicrobial therapy in beef cattle production and research trials demonstrate that antibiotic therapy greatly improves clinical outcome for BRD. These trials also show that BRD treatment success rates are less than 100% and that there are opportunities to optimize antimicrobial prescribing and improve clinical outcomes if the underlying cause(s) of BRD treatment failures can be identified and addressed. As the etiology of BRD in an individual animal is frequently multi-factorial in nature; it is likely that BRD treatment failures also result from complex interactions between the drug, drug administrator, animal host, pathogens, and the environment. This review will focus specifically on the pharmacological aspects, specifically the interactions between the host and the drug and the drug and the drug administrator, of BRD treatment failures and the actions that veterinary practitioners can take to investigate and mitigate therapeutic failures in future cases.
The use of mechanical restraint in Pacific Rim countries: an international epidemiological study
Authors: Newton-Howes G. , Savage M. K. , Arnold R. , Hasegawa T. , Staggs V. , Kisely S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
The use of mechanical restraint is a challenging area for psychiatry. Although mechanical restraint remains accepted as standard practice in some regions, there are ethical, legal and medical reasons to minimise or abolish its use. These concerns have intensified following the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Despite national policies to reduce use, the reporting of mechanical restraint has been poor, hampering a reasonable understanding of the epidemiology of restraint. This paper aims to develop a consistent measure of mechanical restraint and compare the measure within and across countries in the Pacific Rim.

Methods
We used the publicly available data from four Pacific Rim countries (Australia, New Zealand, Japan and the United States) to compare and contrast the reported rates of mechanical restraint. Summary measures were computed so as to enable international comparisons. Variation within each jurisdiction was also analysed.

Results
International rates of mechanical restraint in 2017 varied from 0.03 (New Zealand) to 98.8 (Japan) restraint events per million population per day, a variation greater than 3000-fold. Restraint in Australia (0.17 events per million) and the United States (0.37 events per million) fell between these two extremes. Variation as measured by restraint events per 1000 bed-days was less extreme but still substantial. Within all four countries there was also significant variation in restraint across districts. Variation across time did not show a steady reduction in restraint in any country during the period for which data were available (starting from 2003 at the earliest).

Conclusions
Policies to reduce or abolish mechanical restraint do not appear to be effecting change. It is improbable that the variation in restraint within the four examined Pacific Rim countries is accountable for by psychopathology. Greater efforts at reporting, monitoring and carrying out interventions to achieve the stated aim of reducing restraint are urgently needed.
Unearthing insights for climate change response in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hochachka Gail 
Published: December 2020

Non-technical summaryThe COVID-19 pandemic can be considered an experiment forced upon the world community and, as such, responses to the pandemic can provide lessons about socio-ecological systems as well as processes of transformative change. What enabled responses to COVID-19 to be as effective as they were, right at a time when climate action is notably lagging behind what intergovernmental panels have called for? This paper examines key differences in the COVID-19 response compared to that of climate change, examining the ‘deeper’ human dimensions of these global issues. Unearthing insights into the responses to both issues provides important lessons for climate change engagement.
Measuring Particle Current Density J on NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS)
Authors: Scudder J. D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA theorem is proved that the minimum Nyquist compatible cadence Δτ for subsequent model free determinations of current density J by magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) instrumentation is the cadence of the ion plasma subsystem DIS of the fast plasma investigation (FPI). A sample of published discoveries and signatures of magnetic dissipation associated with collisionless magnetic reconnection at the noon magnetopause are reviewed that utilize observations of the variable Jplasma(t) reported at the electron DES subsystem cadence which is always Δτ/5. Nyquist's theorem precludes a unique interpolation of DIS observations to the DES cadence, casting a serious shadow on rumored interpolation strategies said to allow measurement of Jplasma at the DES cadence. The theorems and corollary are properties only of the FPI flight hardware and do not depend on peculiar plasma conditions for their conclusions. Determinations of J with measured scale lengths require a still slower cadence, twice that of the DIS subsystem. A rationale is still missing for the present MMS approach for determining Jplasma at the DES cadence.
Ambient Noise Surface Wave Reverse Time Migration for Fault Imaging
Authors: Li Haipeng , Li Junlun , Gu Ning , Gao Ji , Zhang Haijiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAmbient noise tomography (ANT) has become a routine method to image shear‐wave velocity variations at different scales. However, ANT can only resolve smooth velocity variations and cannot give high‐resolution images of the subsurface discontinuities. Here we propose a novel Transmitted Surface Wave Reverse Time Migration (TSW‐RTM) method to directly image fault planes using the empirical surface wave Green's functions retrieved from ambient noise. Our proposed method can directly utilize the reconstructed surface wave waveforms from seismic noise cross‐correlations to image the sharp fault discontinuities with the seismic imaging principle. Compared to the conventional ambient noise tomograms, the migrated images from our proposed method delineate fault planes with much higher resolution and certainty for interpretations. The synthetic tests with different fault zone models demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our novel fault imaging method. The proposed TSW‐RTM method is also applied to image two different segments of the Tanlu fault zone (TFZ) in eastern China, using the surface waves retrieved from the ambient noise data recorded by dense seismic linear arrays deployed across the TFZ. Our ambient noise imaging results are consistent with previous studies in the same areas regarding the fault plane positions and dips. Both synthetic tests and real data applications demonstrate that our method is very useful for fault characterizations in areas where active and passive seismic data are not available. Our proposed TSW‐RTM method opens up new ways to utilize the seismic ambient noise for imaging subsurface fault zone structures.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging with a megapixel SPAD camera and neural network lifetime estimation
Authors: Zickus Vytautas , Wu Ming-Lo , Morimoto Kazuhiro , Kapitany Valentin , Fatima Areeba , Turpin Alex , Insall Robert , Whitelaw Jamie , Machesky Laura , Bruschini Claudio , Faccio Daniele , Charbon Edoardo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a key technology that provides direct insight into cell metabolism, cell dynamics and protein activity. However, determining the lifetimes of different fluorescent proteins requires the detection of a relatively large number of photons, hence slowing down total acquisition times. Moreover, there are many cases, for example in studies of cell collectives, where wide-field imaging is desired. We report scan-less wide-field FLIM based on a 0.5 MP resolution, time-gated Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) camera, with acquisition rates up to 1 Hz. Fluorescence lifetime estimation is performed via a pre-trained artificial neural network with 1000-fold improvement in processing times compared to standard least squares fitting techniques. We utilised our system to image HT1080—human fibrosarcoma cell line as well as Convallaria. The results show promise for real-time FLIM and a viable route towards multi-megapixel fluorescence lifetime images, with a proof-of-principle mosaic image shown with 3.6 MP.
An improved deep learning model for predicting daily PM2.5 concentration
Authors: Xiao Fei , Yang Mei , Fan Hong , Fan Guanghui , Al-qaness Mohammed A. A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOver the past few decades, air pollution has caused serious damage to public health. Therefore, making accurate predictions of PM2.5 is a crucial task. Due to the transportation of air pollutants among areas, the PM2.5 concentration is strongly spatiotemporal correlated. However, the distribution of air pollution monitoring sites is not even making the spatiotemporal correlation between the central site and surrounding sites vary with different density of sites, and this was neglected by previous methods. To this end, this study proposes a weighted long short-term memory neural network extended model (WLSTME), which addressed the issue that how to consider the effect of the density of sites and wind conditions on the spatiotemporal correlation of air pollution concentration. First, a number of nearest surrounding sites were chosen as the neighbor sites to the central site, and their distance, as well as their air pollution concentration and wind condition, were input to multilayer perception (MLP) to generate weighted historical PM2.5 time series data. Second, historical PM2.5 concentration of the central site and weighted PM2.5 series data of neighbor sites were input into a long short-term memory (LSTM) to address spatiotemporal dependency simultaneously and extract spatiotemporal features. Finally, another MLP was utilized to integrate spatiotemporal features extracted above with the meteorological data of the central site to generate the forecasts future PM2.5 concentration of the central site. Daily PM2.5 concentration and meteorological data on Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei from 2015 to 2017 were collected to train models and to evaluate its performance. Experimental results with three existing methods showed that the proposed WLSTME model has the lowest RMSE (40.67) and MAE (26.10) and the highest p (0.59). Further experiments showed that in all seasons and regions, WLSTME performed the best. This finding confirms that WLSTME can significantly improve PM2.5 prediction accuracy.
Small angle X-ray scattering analysis of ligand-bound forms of tetrameric apolipoprotein-D
Authors: Kielkopf Claudia S. , Whitten Andrew E. , Garner Brett , Brown Simon H.J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human apolipoprotein-D (apoD) is a glycosylated lipocalin that plays a protective role in Alzheimer’s disease due to its antioxidant function. Native apoD from human body fluids forms oligomers, predominantly a stable tetramer. As a lipocalin, apoD binds and transports small hydrophobic molecules such as progesterone, palmitic acid and sphingomyelin. Oligomerisation is a common trait in the lipocalin family and is affected by ligand binding in other lipocalins. The crystal structure of monomeric apoD shows no major changes upon progesterone binding. Here, we used small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate the influence of ligand binding and oxidation on apoD oligomerisation and conformation. As a solution-based technique, SAXS is well suited to detect changes in oligomeric state and conformation in response to ligand binding. Our results show no change in oligomeric state of apoD and no major conformational changes or subunit rearrangements in response to binding of ligands or protein oxidation. This highlights the highly stable structure of the native apoD tetramer under various physiologically relevant experimental conditions.
Management des pulmonalen Abszesses: Diagnostik und Behandlung
Authors: Hillejan Ludger 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEin Lungenabszess ist eine lokalisierte, meist bakterielle Einschmelzung des Lungengewebes. Für den Behandlungserfolg essenziell wichtig ist die Einordnung in eine an der Genese orientierte Klassifikation. Dies gelingt durch Anamnese, CT und Bronchoskopie. Grundpfeiler der konservativen Behandlung ist eine breite antibiotische Therapie. Interventionelle Maßnahmen wie transthorakale oder endobronchiale Abszessdrainage und die operative Therapie von der Videothorakoskopie über die VAC-Therapie bis zur anatomischen Resektion haben das Behandlungsspektrum erweitert.
Der digitale Workflow in der
In-Office-Alignertherapie
Authors: Schupp Werner , Funke Julia , Haubrich Julia 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Alignertherapie hat sich im Zuge der Digitalisierung in den vergangenen
20 Jahren zunehmend als nicht mehr wegzudenkende Behandlungsalternative in
der Kieferorthopädie etabliert. Das Indikationsspektrum hat sich mit
steigender Erfahrung und besserem Verständnis der Biomechanik vom
Auflösen geringer Engstände und Schließen von
Lücken zu komplexeren Fällen erweitert. Die
Weiterentwicklung von kieferorthopädischer Computersoftware in Bezug
auf die Verarbeitung von 3D-Daten macht es möglich, dass der
Behandler heute entscheiden kann, ob der Workflow gänzlich in der
Praxis bzw. im Eigenlabor stattfinden soll, oder ob Teile der
Behandlungsplanung und Alignerherstellung an externe Dienstleister
outgesourct werden.Der digitale Workflow für die In-House-Alignertherapie mithilfe der
OnyxCeph³™ Software wird skizziert und an einem Beispiel
verdeutlicht.
Molaren-Inzisiven-Malformation – ein
Fallbericht
Authors: Tack Lisa , Jung Britta A. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Patientenfall thematisiert die kieferorthopädische
Vorgehensweise bei Molaren-Inzisiven-Malformation (MIM) der Zähne
16, 11, 21, 26, 36, 46 und hat das Ziel, einen kurzen Überblick zu
klinischen Aspekten und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten zu geben.
Knöpfologie in der Dopplersonografie
Authors: Jenssen Christian , Kubale Reinhard , Ignee Andre , Bartsch Leonie , Turco Verena , Hocke Michael , Fröhlich Eckhart , Schreiber-Dietrich Dagmar , Dudwiesus Heiko , Dietrich Christoph F. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungFür eine optimale sonografische Dopplerbildgebung müssen die Geräteeinstellungen an die spezielle Anwendung, patientenindividuelle Gegebenheiten und die Sehgewohnheiten des Untersuchers adaptiert werden. Dieser Beitrag ermöglicht dem Anwender, „sein“ Gerät vom Einschalten über die Dopplerbildoptimierung bis zur Speicherung immer gut handhaben zu können – ohne alle technischen oder physikalischen Details hinter den „Knöpfen“ zu kennen.