bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of bamboo flour/high‐density polyethylene composites reinforced with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Guo Yong , Wang Li , Wang Hao , Chen Yuxia , Zhu Shiliu , Chen Tong , Luo Panpan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn order to improve the properties of bamboo‐plastic composites (BPCs), bamboo flour/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were reinforced with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The effects of UHMWPE on properties of composites were studied. The crystallinity of composites decreased slightly. Compared with non‐UHMWPE added bamboo powder/HDPE composite, the composite with 6 wt % UHMWPE, showed decrease in water absorption to 0.41%, whereas its tensile strength and flexural strength increased to 34.51 and 25.88 MPa, respectively, a corresponding increase of 34.59 and 12.87%. The temperatures corresponding to initial degradation temperature (Tinitial) and maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) of the composite increased from 282.7 and 467.4 °C to 288.5 and 474.7 °C respectively. Scanning electron microscopic images showed that UHMWPE was well dispersed and fully extended as long fibers in the composite, forming a “three‐dimensional physically cross‐linked network structure,” which contributed to the improved properties of the composites. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48971.
Synthesis and rapid cement hardening evaluation of polycarboxylate superplasticizers incorporating ester groups in their backbone chain
Authors: Yu Peitao , Pang Hao , Huang Jianheng , Meng Yeyun , Huang Hao , Li Simin , Liao Bing , Liang liyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new water‐soluble, hydrolyzable polyethylene glycol di‐mercaptoacetate (PGM) was synthesized as a chain transfer agent. Subsequently, an early‐strength polycarboxylate superplasticizer (ESPC) was successfully prepared by using PGM as a chain transfer agent, along with acrylic acid, sodium methylallyl sulfonate (SMAS), and isoprene oxy poly(ethylene glycol) as comonomers. The effect of the ESPC on cement particles was systematically investigated. The fluidity, setting time, and compressive strength were measured to evaluate the performance of the ESPC and compared with those of a conventional polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE). The setting time of the ESPC can be shortened by 40 min in comparison with the PCE, and the compressive strength at 24 hr of setting time is increased by 5 MPa. In addition, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy characterization were performed to investigate the effect of the ESPC on cement hydration from a microscopic level. Furthermore, the hydration heat was determined to investigate the interactions between the ESPC with the cement particles. It was found that if ester groups were introduced into the backbone chain of the ESPC and subsequently hydrolyzed, the ESPC was readily adsorbed onto cement particles. This enhanced adsorption improved the microstructure of the cement hydrate and accelerated the cement hydration process.
Benthic communities in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean: Conservation value of animal forests at the Burdwood Bank slope
Authors: Schejter Laura , Genzano Gabriel , Gaitán Esteban , Perez Carlos D. , Bremec Claudia S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The characterization of benthic communities at the Burdwood Bank slope (≥200 m depth) is provided, comprising data from the marine protected area (MPA) Namuncurá II (created in December 2018), as well as from some deep bathyal surrounding areas in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. This information was acquired during two research cruises with RV Puerto Deseado (Argentina) during 2016 and 2017.
Marine animal forests were detected in the study area: coral gardens, mainly composed of alcyonaceans, were detected in the south and west of Burdwood Bank (MPA Namuncurá II) and neighbouring areas, whereas pennatulacean aggregations were detected in the north‐west of the plateau. The three‐dimensional structures of live but also dead corals provide substrate and refuge to many associated species. Benthic communities dominated by sponges were also recorded between 200 and 300 m in depth.
Six sites that meet the characteristics of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) are reported.
Conservation strategies applied to scarcely known austral Argentinean waters led to the establishment of a pioneer MPA (Namuncurá I). Following the management plan that aimed to establish the biodiversity of Namuncurá I and neighbouring areas, the area of protection has now been enlarged to include the southern slope of the bank (currently Namuncurá II), where marine animal forests were detected, at depths below 200 m. The data presented here provide empirical evidence to support the conservation value of the region.
Maternal hypoxia developmentally programs low podocyte endowment in male, but not female offspring
Authors: Gonçalves Gessica D. , Walton Sarah L. , Gazzard Sarah E. , van der Wolde James , Mathias Paulo C. F. , Moritz Karen M. , Cullen‐McEwen Luise A. , Bertram John F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFetal hypoxia is a common complication of pregnancy. We have previously reported that maternal hypoxia in late gestation in mice gives rise to male offspring with reduced nephron number, while females have normal nephron number. Male offspring later develop proteinuria and renal pathology, including glomerular pathology, whereas female offspring are unaffected. Given the central role of podocyte depletion in glomerular and renal pathology, we examined whether maternal hypoxia resulted in low podocyte endowment in offspring. Pregnant CD1 mice were allocated at embryonic day 14.5 to normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (12% oxygen) conditions. At postnatal day 21, kidneys from mice were immersion fixed, and one mid‐hilar slice per kidney was immunostained with antibodies directed against p57 and synaptopodin for podocyte identification. Slices were cleared and imaged with a multiphoton microscope for podometric analysis. Male hypoxic offspring had significantly lower birth weight, nephron number, and podocyte endowment than normoxic male offspring (podocyte number; normoxic 62.86 ± 2.26 podocytes per glomerulus, hypoxic 53.38 ± 2.25; p < .01, mean ± SEM). In contrast, hypoxic female offspring had low birth weight but their nephron and podocyte endowment was the same as normoxic female offspring (podocyte number; normoxic 62.38 ± 1.86 podocytes per glomerulus, hypoxic 61.81 ± 1.80; p = .88). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of developmentally programmed low podocyte endowment. Given the well‐known association between podocyte depletion in adulthood and glomerular pathology, we postulate that podocyte endowment may place offspring at risk of renal disease in adulthood, and explain the greater vulnerability of male offspring.
Modeling and analysis of system reliability using phase‐type distribution closure properties
Authors: Alkaff Abdullah , Qomarudin Mochamad Nur 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhase‐type distribution closure properties are utilized to devise algorithms for generating reliability functions of systems with basic structures. These structures include series, parallel, K‐out‐of‐N, and standby structures with perfect/imperfect switch. The algorithms form a method for system reliability modeling and analysis based on the relationship between the system lifetime and component lifetimes for general structures. The proposed method is suitable for functional system reliability analysis, which can produce reliability functions of systems with independent components instead of only system reliability values. Once the system reliability function is obtained, other reliability measures such as the system's hazard function and mean time to failure can be obtained efficiently using only matrix algebra. Dimensional and numerical comparisons with computerized symbolic processing are also presented to show the superiority of the proposed method.
Identifying Language and Cognitive Profiles in Children With ASD via a Cluster Analysis Exploration: Implications for the New ICD‐11
Authors: Silleresi Silvia , Prévost Philippe , Zebib Racha , Bonnet‐Brilhault Fédérique , Conte Donatello , Tuller Laurice 
Published: January 2020

The new version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) mentions the existence of four different profiles in the verbal part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), describing them as combinations of either spared or impaired functional language and intellectual abilities. The aim of the present study was to put ASD heterogeneity to the forefront by exploring whether clear profiles related to language and intellectual abilities emerge when investigation is extended to the entire spectrum, focusing on verbal children. Our study proposed a systematic investigation of both language (specifically, structural language abilities) and intellectual abilities (specifically, nonverbal cognitive abilities) in 51 6‐ to 12‐year‐old verbal children with ASD based on explicitly motivated measures. For structural language abilities, sentence repetition and nonword repetition tasks were selected; for nonverbal cognitive abilities, we chose Raven's Progressive Matrices, as well as Matrix Reasoning and Block Design from the Wechsler Scales. An integrative approach based on cluster analyses revealed five distinct profiles. Among these five profiles, all four logically possible combinations of structural language and nonverbal abilities mentioned in the ICD‐11 were detected. Three profiles emerged among children with normal language abilities and two emerged among language‐impaired children. Crucially, the existence of discrepant profiles of abilities suggests that children with ASD can display impaired language in presence of spared nonverbal intelligence or spared language in the presence of impaired nonverbal intelligence, reinforcing the hypothesis of the existence of a separate language module in the brain. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1155‐1167. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe present work put Autism Spectrum Disorder heterogeneity to the forefront by exploring whether clear profiles related to language and cognitive abilities emerge when investigation is extended to the entire spectrum (focusing on verbal children). The use of explicitly motivated measures of both language and cognitive abilities and of an unsupervised machine learning approach, the cluster analysis, (a) confirmed the existence of all four logically possible profiles evoked in the new ICD‐11, (b) evoked the existence of (at least) a fifth profile of language/cognitive abilities, and (c) reinforced the hypothesis of a language module in the brain.
Sulfur and nitrogen co‐doped graphene quantum dot‐assisted chemiluminescence for sensitive detection of tryptophan and mercury (II)
Authors: Li Yue , Wang Jia , Yang Yaqiong , Han Suqin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA simple one‐step thermal treatment to prepare strong fluorescent sulfur and nitrogen co‐doped graphene quantum dots (SN‐GQD) using citric acid and l‐cysteine as precursors was developed. The ultra‐weak chemiluminescence (CL) from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and periodate (IO4−) was significantly enhanced by SN‐GQD in acidic medium. The enhanced CL was induced by excited‐state SN‐GQD (SN‐GQD*), which was produced from the transfer energy of (O2)2* and 1O2 to SN‐GQD and recombination of oxidant‐injected holes and electrons in SN‐GQD. In the presence of tryptophan (Trp), the CL intensity of the SN‐GQD–H2O2–KIO4 system was greatly diminished. This finding was used to design a novel method for determination of Trp in the linear range 0.6–20.0 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 58.0 nM. Furthermore, Hg2+ was detectable in the range 0.1–9.0 μM with a LOD of 64.0 nM, based on its marked enhancement of the SN‐GQD–H2O2–KIO4 CL system. The proposed method was successfully applied to detect Trp in milk and human plasma samples and Hg2+ in drinking water samples, with recoveries in the range 95.7–107.0%.
Different FDG‐PET metabolic patterns of anti‐AMPAR and anti‐NMDAR encephalitis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Wei Yi‐Chia , Tseng Jing‐Ren , Wu Chia‐Lun , Su Feng‐Chieh , Weng Wei‐Chieh , Hsu Chih‐Chin , Chang Kai‐Hsiang , Wu Chun‐Feng , Hsiao Ing‐Tsung , Lin Ching‐Po 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET metabolic patterns of brain differ among autoimmune encephalitis with different neuronal surface antigens. In this case report, we compared the topographical relationship of cerebral glucose metabolism and antigen distribution in the patients with anti‐NMDAR and anti‐AMPAR encephalitis. Literature review summarized the common features of brain metabolism of autoimmune encephalitis.MethodsThe cerebral glucose metabolism was evaluated by FDG‐PET/CT during acute‐to‐subacute stage of autoimmune encephalitis and after treatment. The stereo and quantitative analysis of cerebral metabolism used standardized z‐score and visualized on three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection. To map NMDAR and AMPAR in human brain, we adopted genetic atlases from the Allen Institute and protein atlases from Zilles's receptor densities.ResultsThe three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection displayed frontal‐dominant hypometabolism in a 66‐year‐old female patient with anti‐AMPAR encephalitis and occipital‐dominant hypometabolism in a 29‐year‐old female patient with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. Receptor density maps revealed opposite frontal–occipital gradients of AMPAR and NMDAR, which reflect reduced metabolism in the correspondent encephalitis. FDG‐PET hypometabolic areas possibly represent receptor hypofunction with spatial correspondence to receptor distributions of the autoimmune encephalitis. The reversibility of hypometabolism was in line with patients' cognitive improvement. The literature review summarized six features of metabolic anomalies of autoimmune encephalitis: (a) temporal hypermetabolism, (b) frontal hypermetabolism and (c) occipital hypometabolism in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, (d) hypometabolism in association cortices, (e) sparing of unimodal primary motor cortex, and (e) reversibility in recovery.ConclusionsThe distinct cerebral hypometabolic patterns of autoimmune encephalitis were representative for receptor hypofunction and topographical distribution of antigenic receptors. The reversibility of hypometabolism marked the clinical recovery of autoimmune encephalitis and made FDG‐PET of brain a valuable diagnostic tool.
Exploring factors relating to extinction disclosures: What motivates companies to report on biodiversity and species protection?
Authors: Hassan Abeer Mohamed , Roberts Lee , Atkins Jill 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper seeks to contribute to the existing business strategy and the environment literature by investigating the disclosure practices of biodiversity/extinction (B/E) and threatened species. We use greenwashing theory to understand global companies' motivation to report on B/E information. Data are collected from 200 Fortune Global companies for 3 years. We develop our comprehensive 53 disclosure index and create and test OLS regression model to measure the relationships between B/E disclosures and its determinants factors including environmental performance, industry sector, country, assurance, environmental awards, presence of biodiversity partners, and the number of species' related disclosure. Our results reveal that there are positive significant relationships between B/E disclosure and assurance provided by the Big 4: gaining an environmental award, companies from high biodiversity risk sectors, developing countries, presence of biodiversity partners, and how many specific biodiversity words are published in companies' reports. On the other hand, there are positive insignificant relationships between B/E disclosure and assurance: poor performers and the number of species disclosed in companies' reports. Our findings have important implications for regulators and policymakers. Our evidence appears to be robust when controlling for possible endogeneities.
Integrating circular business models and development tools in the circular economy transition process: A firm‐level framework
Authors: Chen Li‐Heng , Hung Peiying , Ma Hwong‐wen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlong with the concept of circular economy growing worldwide, circular business models (CBMs) have been receiving ever greater attention in both the business sector and academia. However, the existing literature on the CBM is scattered and fragmented; this study offers an integrated firm‐level framework to link CBM typologies, the circular economy transition process, and relevant tools for CBM development and clarifies the positioning and roles of those tools in the process. In response to the fragmentation issue, results of this study are presented in three subtopics: (a) CBM typologies and archetypes, (b) transition guidelines, and (c) major analytical tools for CBM research. The roles and functions of CBM typologies and tools were integrated in different stages of the transition process, and the challenges and shortfalls for CBM research in the various stages were identified. This work lays the foundation for future operational studies.
Working with suicidal clients: Psychotherapists and allied professionals speak about their experiences
Authors: Scupham Susan , Goss Stephen P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the impact that working with suicidal clients has on health professionals.DesignThis research study used an online survey, which covered a broad range of questions in relation to the impact of working with suicidal clients.MethodA total of 110 practitioners completed the online survey. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings highlighted how overwhelmed practitioners felt at the time of their client's death, expressing shock, sadness, anger, guilt and helplessness. In addition, the findings revealed that even several years later practitioners were still marked by the experience, expressing statements such as, ‘you don't forget’, ‘thinking about it produces a feeling of horror’ and ‘it creates anxiety and apprehension when I encounter similar patients’.ConclusionsAnalysis from a mixed‐methods, pluralist perspective suggests that there is no single answer to supporting practitioners when a client dies. The research highlights that continuing professional development providers and practitioners should understand that such reactions are to be expected, and therefore prepared for. Pressures of work and lack of time were particularly emphasised as negatively impacting on respondents’ ability to take appropriate measures for their own self‐care and ability to continue to practise effectively. It is our opinion that organisations that do not take this into account are operating in a way that is short‐sighted. This adds to the likelihood of potentially serious negative effects for the personal well‐being and professional functioning of the individual practitioners directly affected.
In‐situ Transmission Electron Microscope Techniques for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: He Bowen , Zhang Yixiao , Liu Xi , Chen Liwei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of heterogeneous catalysts in static or inert environments often deviate greatly from the properties under in‐situ or working conditions. To gain an insightful understanding of realistic catalyst properties and the corresponding catalytic mechanisms, it is essential to identify and rationalize changes in catalysts under reaction conditions. In recent years, in‐situ transmission electron microscope (in‐situ TEM) techniques have been increasingly developed, offering a unique approach to visualize the evolution of heterogeneous catalysis with ultra‐high spatial resolution, good energy resolution and reasonable temporal resolution under controllable or even realistic catalytic conditions. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in the in‐situ TEM analysis of heterogeneous catalysis, which suggests the great potential of this technique in this important field. Furthermore, technical challenges and possible solutions are discussed.
Electrochemically Triggered Interfacial Deposition/Assembly of Aqueous‐Suspended Colloids
Authors: Iqbal Md. Shamim , Zhan Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFollowing our recent work on polyelectrolyte deposition on ferrocene‐terminated self‐assembled monolayers (Langmuir2018,34,12776–12786), we seek in this study to answer the following question: How would aqueous‐suspended colloids respond to the same electrochemical trigger – ferrocene oxidation? Using carboxylic‐terminated polystyrene nano‐/microbeads as a model colloid, we confirm first their transfer to and deposition at such redox‐active surfaces. Key factors involved, including the starting electrode surfaces, colloid size, range/duration of applied potential, and small supporting electrolytes, are examined in detail. A particularly interesting finding among these is the superior efficiency of the electrochemically triggered assembly compared to the electrically driven process. Taking advantage of this feature, we demonstrate fast, high‐fidelity colloid micropattern formation on electrodes at the end.
Manipulation of the Coordination Geometry along the C4 Rotation Axis in a Dinuclear Tb3+ Triple‐Decker Complex via a Supramolecular Approach
Authors: Katoh Keiichi , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Damjanović Marko , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Breedlove Brian K. , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA supramolecular complex (1⋅C60) was prepared by assembling (C60‐Ih)[5,6]fullerene (C60) with the dinuclear Tb3+ triple‐decker complex [(TPP)Tb(Pc)Tb(TPP)] (1: Tb3+=trivalent terbium ion, Pc2−=phthalocyaninato, TPP2−=tetraphenylporphyrinato) with quasi‐D4h symmetry to investigate the relationship between the coordination symmetry and single‐molecule magnet (SMM) properties. Tb3+‐Pc triple‐decker complexes (Tb2Pc3) have an important advantage over Tb3+‐Pc double‐decker complexes (TbPc2) since the magnetic relaxation processes correspond to the Zeeman splitting when there are two 4f spin systems. The two Tb3+ sites of 1 are equivalent, and the twist angle (φ) was determined to be 3.62°. On the other hand, the two Tb3+ sites of 1⋅C60 are not equivalent. The φ values for sites Tb1 and Tb2 were determined to be 3.67° and 33.8°, respectively, due to a change in the coordination symmetry of 1 upon association with C60. At 1.8 K, 1 and 1⋅C60 undergo different magnetic relaxations, and the changes in the ground state affect the spin dynamics. Although 1 and 1⋅C60 relax via QTM in a zero applied magnetic field (H), H dependencies of the magnetic relaxation times (τ) for H>1500 Oe are similar. On the other hand, for H<1500 Oe, the τ values have different behaviors since the off‐diagonal terms (
) affect the magnetic relaxation mechanism. From temperature (T) and H dependences of τ, spin‐phonon interactions along with direct and Raman mechanisms explain the spin dynamics. We believe that a supramolecular method can be used to control the magnetic anisotropy along the C4 rotation axis and the spin dynamic properties in dinuclear Ln3+‐Pc multiple‐decker complexes.