bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Running the trophic gauntlet: Empirical support for reduced foraging success in juvenile salmon in tidally mixed coastal waters
Authors: James Samantha E. , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Mahara Natalie , Hunt Brian P. V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe productivity of Fraser River sockeye salmon has declined in recent years, with 2019 being the lowest return on record. The cause of the decline is still not fully understood; however, bottom‐up drivers and trophic interactions during the early marine migration are considered to be important contributing factors. McKinnell et al. (Fisheries Oceanography, 23, 2014 and 322) developed a “trophic gauntlet hypothesis,” proposing that low biological productivity leads to an energy deficit from poor foraging opportunities in migrating salmon. When combined with poor foraging conditions in typically productive waters elsewhere on the migration, low marine survival may result. Our study examined prey availability and stomach fullness of juvenile sockeye salmon along the 120 km stretch of the coastal migration through the Discovery Islands and Johnstone Strait to determine whether this section of the migration is indeed food limited. We observed low stomach fullness throughout tidally mixed waters, providing empirical support for the trophic gauntlet hypothesis. Zooplankton abundance was high in these regions so it appeared that unfavourably small prey size may have been the cause of low foraging success. We also observed foraging hotspots at both ends of the gauntlet, indicating that such areas may be key feeding grounds for migratory salmon.
New protest history: Exploring the historical geographies and geographical histories of resistance through gender, practice, and materiality
Authors: Awcock Hannah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOver the last 20 years, the study of the history and historical geography of resistance has drawn on trends within the disciplines of history and geography to develop into a subfield known as “new protest history.” The geographical background and approach of many of the scholars in the field means that “new protest historical geography” would be a more accurate, if less eloquent, descriptor. This article defines new protest history and explores its contributions to understandings of the geographies of resistance using three key themes: gender, practice, and materiality. In the process, I identify three avenues for future research: intersectionality, taskscapes, and activist historical geography.
Usefulness of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index to predict the severity of cholecystitis among older patients in the emergency department
Authors: Lee Jong Seok , Jeong Ki Young , Ko Seok Hoon 
Published: March 2020

AimWe sought to investigate whether the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is associated with systemic organ dysfunction among older patients who present with cholecystitis to the emergency department.MethodsThis was an observational retrospective study among consecutive older patients with cholecystitis in the emergency department from 2012 to 2018. We collected baseline characteristics and laboratory data, and re‐categorized the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index into three risk groups. We carried out univariate and multivariate analyses to identify factors associated with systemic organ dysfunction. Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 303 patients were included in this study. The median age of participants was 74 years (interquartile range 68–79 years). The overall proportion of systemic organ dysfunction was 26.4%. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index was stratified as: ≥98 (n = 183, systemic organ dysfunction 15.3%), 87 to <98 (n = 90, systemic organ dysfunction 38.9%) and <87 (n = 30, systemic organ dysfunction 56.7%). Multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model showed that age, respiratory rate, temperature, geriatric nutritional risk index and quick Sepsis‐related Organ Failure Assessment score in the emergency department were independently associated with systemic organ dysfunction in patients with cholecystitis.ConclusionsThe Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index was recognized as an independent factor associated with systemic organ dysfunction in older patients in the emergency department who presented with cholecystitis. This index might be helpful in screening patient risk and deciding whether to carry out further tests. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 455–460.
Morphological characterization and photocatalytic efficiency measurements of pure silica transparent open‐cell sponges coated with TiO2
Authors: Löffler Frank B. , Altermann Fabian J. , Bucharsky Ethel C. , Schell Karl G. , Vera Maria L. , Traid Hernan , Dwojak Anabela , Litter Marta I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTransparent glass sponges are a new class of materials that can potentially be used for effective light distribution in photocatalytic applications. In this work, transparent glass sponges are prepared by the polymer replica technique and coated with TiO2 to obtain a highly efficient photocatalytic material. Necessary conditions for obtaining transparent open‐celled glass sponges are presented. The structure is characterized by employing light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, µ‐computer tomography (µ‐CT) volume image analysis was performed that allows the calculation of geometrical parameters like pore size and specific surface area (SSA) of the structure, required for application of the new material. For photocatalytic application, the sponges have been coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) by immersion in a suspension of TiO2 nanoparticles. The activity of the resulting coatings has been tested with the model reaction of transformation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in aqueous solutions in the presence of EDTA at pH 2. The reaction kinetics could be adjusted to a pseudo‐first order reaction and the obtained rate constants have been employed to evaluate the photocatalytic activity. The activity of the sponges has been compared with that of samples of glass plates coated with TiO2; it has been found that the sponges exhibited a higher catalytic activity than the glass plates. The photocatalytic activity increased with the porosity of the sponges, and the optimum sample was determined based on its photocatalytic performance and its mechanical stability. The results are promissory for application in photoreactors for transformation of pollutants in water and air decontamination.
Measuring personal recovery in people with a psychotic disorder based on CHIME: A comparison of three validated measures
Authors: Vogel Jelle Sjoerd , Bruins Jojanneke , Halbersma Levi , Lieben Rianne Janine , de Jong Steven , van der Gaag Mark , Castelein Stynke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLiving well in spite of residual symptoms of mental illness is measured with the construct of personal recovery. The CHIME framework might be suitable to evaluate personal recovery measures and guide instrument choice. Three validated measures were evaluated in Dutch patients with a psychotic disorder (N = 52). We compared the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), the Mental Health Recovery Measure (MHRM), and the Netherlands Empowerment List (NEL). The measures were assessed on six criteria: content validity (based on CHIME), convergent validity with a social support measure, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects, item interpretability, and ease of administration. The MHRM scored high on content validity with a balanced distribution of items covering the CHIME framework. The MHRM and the NEL showed moderate convergent validity with social support. In all three measures, internal consistency was moderate and floor and ceiling effects were absent. The NEL scores demonstrated a high degree of item interpretability. Ease of administration was moderate for all three measures. Finally, the CHIME framework demonstrated good utility as a framework in guiding instrument choice and evaluation of personal recovery measures. The MHRM showed the best overall result. However, differences between measures were minimal. Generalization of the results is limited by cultural and linguistic factors in the assessment for the subjective measures (i.e. content validity and item interpretability). The broad and multidimensional construct of personal recovery might lead to ambiguous interpretations. Scientific consensus on a well‐defined personal recovery construct is needed.
Construction of carbon quantum dots embed α‐Co/Ni(OH)2 hollow nanocages with enhanced supercapacitor performance
Authors: Bao Yuxiang , Liu Peng , Zhang Jiaxin , Wang Lei , Wang Minghui , Mei Hao , Zhang Qi , Chen Chao , Xiao Zhenyu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe etching strategy of metal‐organic frameworks is an effective process to prepare hollow electrode materials for enhanced electrochemical performance. But the relatively low conductivity of these electrode materials limits their further application. In this work, a series of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) embedded ZIF‐67 precursors (ZIF‐67@CQDs‐X, X = 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 7.50) are synthesized firstly. Then, by a facile and controllable chemical etching process, the CQDs doped α‐Co/Ni(OH)2 hollow nanocages (α‐Co/Ni(OH)2@CQDs‐X, X = 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 7.50) are successfully constructed. The optimized α‐Co/Ni(OH)2@CQDs‐2.50 electrode delivers a high specific surface area (277.99 m2 g−1) and dramatically enhanced conductivity. Therefore, α‐Co/Ni(OH)2@CQDs‐2.50 electrode presents a high specific capacitance (700 C g−1, 1 A g−1), superior rate performance (550 C g−1, 10 A g−1) and excellent cycling lifespan (retaining 79.93% of initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles). Coupled with the high‐performance PPD/rGO as a negative electrode, the fabricated Co/Ni(OH)2@CQDs‐2.50//PPD/rGO device exhibits an outstanding energy density of 57.29 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 0.375 kW kg−1. It is proved that the CQDs embedding and chemical etching strategy are an effective way for constructing hollow materials with enhanced energy storage performance.
Identification of hub genes and pathways in adrenocortical carcinoma by integrated bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Guo Jinshuai , Gu Yinzhong , Ma Xiaoyu , Zhang Lu , Li Huimin , Yan Zhongyi , Han Yali , Xie Longxiang , Guo Xiangqian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare malignant neoplasm originating from adrenal cortical cells, has high malignancy and few treatments. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis, screen and verify potential biomarkers, which will provide new clues for the treatment and diagnosis of ACC. In this paper, three gene expression profiles (GSE10927, GSE12368 and GSE90713) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the Limma package. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were enriched by DAVID. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was evaluated by STRING database, and PPI network was constructed by Cytoscape. Finally, GEPIA was used to validate hub genes’ expression. Compared with normal adrenal tissues, 74 up‐regulated DEGs and 126 down‐regulated DEGs were found in ACC samples; GO analysis showed that up‐regulated DEGs were enriched in organelle fission, nuclear division, spindle, et al, while down‐regulated DEGs were enriched in angiogenesis, proteinaceous extracellular matrix and growth factor activity; KEGG pathway analysis showed that up‐regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in cell cycle, cellular senescence and progesterone‐mediated oocyte maturation; Nine hub genes (CCNB1, CDK1, TOP2A, CCNA2, CDKN3, MAD2L1, RACGAP1, BUB1 and CCNB2) were identified by PPI network; ACC patients with high expression of 9 hub genes were all associated with worse overall survival (OS). These hub genes and pathways might be involved in the tumorigenesis, which will offer the opportunities to develop the new therapeutic targets of ACC.
miR‐152‐5p suppresses glioma progression and tumorigenesis and potentiates temozolomide sensitivity by targeting FBXL7
Authors: Kong Shiqi , Fang Yanwei , Wang Bingqian , Cao Yingxiao , He Runzhi , Zhao Zongmao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA generally used chemotherapeutic drug for glioma, a frequently diagnosed brain tumour, is temozolomide (TMZ). Our study investigated the activity of FBXL7 and miR‐152‐5p in glioma. Levels of microRNA‐152‐5p (miR‐152‐5p) and the transcript and protein of FBXL7 were assessed by real‐time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The migratory and invasive properties of cells were measured by Transwell migration and invasion assay and their viability were examined using CCK‐8 assay. Further, the putative interaction between FBXL7 and miR‐152‐5p were analysed bioinformatically and by luciferase assay. The activities of FBXL7, TMZ and miR‐152‐5p were analysed in vivo singly or in combination, on mouse xenografts, in glioma tumorigenesis. The expression of FBXL7 in glioma tissue is significantly up‐regulated, which is related to the poor prognosis and the grade of glioma. TMZ‐induced cytotoxicity, proliferation, migration and invasion in glioma cells were impeded by the knock‐down of FBXL7 or overexpressed miR‐152‐5p. Furthermore, the expression of miR‐152‐5p reduced remarkably in glioma cells and it exerted its activity through targeted FBXL7. Overexpression of miR‐152‐5p and knock‐down of FBXL7 in glioma xenograft models enhanced TMZ‐mediated anti‐tumour effect and impeded tumour growth. Thus, the miR‐152‐5p suppressed the progression of glioma and associated tumorigenesis, targeted FBXL7 and increased the effect of TMZ‐induced cytotoxicity in glioma cells, further enhancing our knowledge of FBXL7 activity in glioma.
Electroantennogram responses of Plutella xylostella (L.), to sex pheromone components and host plant volatile semiochemicals
Authors: Wu Aihua , Li Xianwei , Yan Xizhong , Fan Weili , Hao Chi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a notorious insect pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. Attract‐and‐kill strategies to manage the DBM based on insect pheromone and plant volatile semiochemicals have been explored and partially applied in the field. However, little is known about whether the attractant effects of insect pheromone and host plant volatile semiochemicals on insects are affected by insect age or volatile concentrations. Therefore, we examined the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of both DBM males and females varying in age and body size to a range of concentrations of seven host plant volatiles and two main female sex pheromone components. Our results showed that DBM age had no influence on EAG responses to trans‐2‐Hexenal, trans‐2‐Hexenol, Heptanal, cis‐3‐Hexen‐1‐ol and Z11‐16:Ald and significantly influenced the EAG responses to Z11‐16:Ac and three isothiocyanates. Age and sex had interaction effects on EAG responses of DBMs to some tested semiochemicals. DBM females had significantly stronger responses than males to all tested plant volatiles, and values were enhanced with increasing concentrations. Moreover, the degree of enhancement of EAG responses in females was larger than that in males for trans‐2‐Hexenal, trans‐2‐Hexenol, cis‐3‐Hexen‐1‐ol, 2‐Phenylethyl isothiocyanate and Methyl isothiocyanate treatments. Body size seemed to have no influence on EAG responses. Our results might provide a theoretical basis for optimizing attract‐and‐kill strategies for insect pests.
A novel CCCH‐type zinc finger protein SAW1 activates OsGA20ox3 to regulate gibberellin homeostasis and anther development in rice
Authors: Wang Bin , Fang Ruiqiu , Chen Faming , Han Jingluan , Liu Yao‐Guang , Chen Letian , Zhu Qinlong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMale sterility is a prerequisite for hybrid seed production. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) is involved in regulating male reproductive development, but the mechanism underlying GA homeostasis in anther development remains less understood. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new positive regulator of GA homeostasis, swollen anther wall 1 (SAW1), for anther development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice plants carrying the recessive mutant allele saw1 produces abnormal anthers with swollen anther wall and aborted pollen. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRIPSR‐associated protein 9‐mediated knockout of SAW1 in rice generated similar male sterile plants. SAW1 encodes a novel nucleus‐localizing CCCH‐tandem zinc finger protein, and this protein could directly bind to the promoter region of the GA synthesis gene OsGA20ox3 to induce its anther‐specific expression. In the saw1 anther, the significantly decreased OsGA20ox3 expression resulted in lower bioactive GA content, which in turn caused the lower expression of the GA‐inducible anther‐regulator gene OsGAMYB. Thus, our results disclose the mechanism of the SAW1‐GA20ox3‐GAMYB pathway in controlling rice anther development, and provide a new target gene for the rapid generation of male sterile lines by genome editing for hybrid breeding.
Genetic tools in the management of invasive mammals: recent trends and future perspectives
Authors: Browett Samuel S. , O'Meara Denise B. , McDevitt Allan D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Invasive non‐native species are now considered to be one of the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Therefore, efficient and cost‐effective management of species invasions requires robust knowledge of their demography, ecology and impacts, and genetic‐based techniques are becoming more widely adopted in acquiring such knowledge.
We focus on the use of genetic tools in the applied management of mammalian invasions globally, as well as on their inherent advantages and disadvantages. We cover tools that are used in: 1) detecting and monitoring mammalian invaders; 2) identifying origins and invasive pathways; 3) assessing and quantifying the negative impacts of invaders; and 4) population management and potential eradication of invasive mammals.
We highlight changes in sequencing technologies, including how the use of techniques such as Sanger sequencing and microsatellite genotyping, for monitoring and tracing invasive pathways respectively, are now giving way to the use of high‐throughput sequencing methods. These include the emergence of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding for the early detection of invasive mammals, and single nucleotide polymorphisms or whole genomes to trace the sources of invasive populations. We are now moving towards trials of genome‐editing techniques and gene drives to control or eradicate invasive rodents.
Genetic tools can provide vital information that may not be accessible with non‐genetic methods, for the implementation of conservation policies (e.g. early detection using systematic eDNA surveillance, the identification of novel pathogens). However, the lack of clear communication of novel genetic methods and results (including transparency and reproducibility) to relevant stakeholders can be prohibitive in translating these findings to appropriate management actions. Geneticists should engage early with stakeholders to co‐design experiments in relation to management goals for invasive mammals.
Taxonomic differences shape the responses of freshwater aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacterial communities to light and predation
Authors: Ruiz‐González Clara , Garcia‐Chaves Maria Carolina , Ferrera Isabel , Niño‐García Juan Pablo , del Giorgio Paul A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are a phylogenetically diverse and ubiquitous group of prokaryotes that use organic matter but can harvest light using bacteriochlorophyll a. Although the factors regulating AAP ecology have long been investigated through field surveys, the few available experimental studies have considered AAPs as a group, thus disregarding the potential differential responses between taxonomically distinct AAP assemblages. Here, we used sequencing of the pufM gene to describe the diversity of AAPs in 10 environmentally distinct temperate lakes, and to investigate the taxonomic responses of AAP communities in these lakes when subjected to similar experimental manipulations of light and predator removal. The studied communities were clearly dominated by Limnohabitans AAP but presented a clear taxonomic segregation between lakes presumably driven by local conditions, which was maintained after experimental manipulations. Predation reduction (but not light exposure) caused significant compositional shifts across most assemblages, but the magnitude of these changes could not be clearly related to changes in bulk AAP abundances or taxonomic richness of AAP assemblages during experiments. Only a few operational taxonomic units, which differed taxonomically between lakes, were found to respond positively during experimental treatments. Our results highlight that different freshwater AAP communities respond differently to similar control mechanisms, highlighting that in‐depth knowledge on AAP diversity is essential to understand the ecology and potential role of these photoheterotrophs.
Uptake of further investigations following universal urinary screening among elementary and junior high school students in Shiga Prefecture, Japan: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sakai Tomoyuki , Nomura Yasuyuki , Sawai Toshihiro , Hamada Riku , Gotoh Yoshimitsu , Yamamoto Kazuna , Ichioka Satoko , Masuda Toshiki , Maruo Yoshihiro , Honda Masataka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the current progression status from screening phase to further investigation phase in the Japanese school urine mass screening (SUS) project.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study on the SUS project across the Shiga Prefecture during 2012 to 2017 analysed data from school life instruction sheets, which are principal documents in the SUS project, regarding urinalysis, attendance at follow‐up and diagnoses.ResultsBetween the years 2012 to 2017, a median of 107 out of 83 749 elementary school students (aged 6‐11 years) and 215 out of 42 870 junior high students (aged 12‐14 years) had urine abnormalities identified for the first time in the SUS project. Among those with urine abnormalities, a mean of 4.2% of elementary school and 1.8% of junior high school students, respectively, were diagnosed with suspected glomerulonephritis for the first time. Overall, 5.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1, 7.7) and 23.6% (95% CI 21.3, 25.9) of proteinuria‐positive elementary and junior high school students, respectively, did not undergo further investigations. The probability of a student undergoing further investigations was not affected by the local availability of medical care benefits.ConclusionIn the current SUS project, screening frequently does not lead to further investigation, especially among junior high school students. To maintain the integrity of the SUS project and to prevent the progression of renal disease in young students, efforts including elucidation of barriers to further investigations should be made to reduce the proportions of students not undergoing further investigations for abnormal urinalysis findings.