bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A permanente construção no tempo histórico de um ambiente capitalista em Recife, Pernambuco: tendência à homogeneização dos interesses dominantes
Authors: Castilho Cláudio Jorge Moura de 
Published: December 2020

No curso dos 520 anos de capitalismo no Brasil, foi instalado, consolidado e expandido um ambiente favorável, antes de tudo, à concretização das relações capitalistas de produção-circulação-distribuição-consumo no Brasil. Este artigo possui como objetivo principal discutir o permanente processo de construção deste ambiente em Recife, capital do estado federado de Pernambuco, como uma tendência homogeneizadora ligada aos interesses das classes dominantes. A metodologia utilizada para a operacionalização desta discussão fundamentou-se na abordagem do materialismo histórico-dialético a fim de evidenciar as contradições suscitadoras de tensões e conflitos inerentes a uma realidade dinâmica que se movimenta permanentemente em algum sentido, nas escalas do tempo e do espaço. Destarte, foi mostrado que a implantação do referido ambiente não aconteceu de maneira harmônica e pacífica como dizem as classes dominantes brasileiras na medida em que aconteceram protestos e mobilizações sociais que, reagindo contra o ambiente puramente capitalista, conseguiram obter conquistas interessantes para as classes subalternas e oprimidas. The permanent construction of a capitalist environment during the historical time in Recife, Pernambuco: tendency to homogenize the dominant interests A B S T R A C TDuring the 520 years of capitalism in Brazil,a favorable environment was installed, consolidated and expanded, above all, for carrying out the production-circulation-distribution-consumption capitalist relationships. The main goal of this paper is to discuss the permanent process of this environment construction in Recife, capital of Pernambuco federal state, as a homogenizing trend linked to the domintant classes’ insterests. The methodology used for the operationalization of this discussion was based on the historical-dialectical materialism approach in order to highlight the contradictions that raise social tensions and conflicts inherent to a dynamic reality that moves permanently in some sense, in the time and spatial levels. Thus, it was shown that the implantation of the referred environment did not happen in a harmonious and peaceful way, as the Brazilian dominant classes say, insofar as social protests and mobilizations occurred, which, reacting against the purely capitalist environment, managed to obtain interesting achievements for the subordinated and oppressed classes.Keywords: Technical-instrumental rationality. Neoliberalism. Urban environment. Environmental racionality.
Conceptual Content Analysis: Policy Documentation for the Quality of Higher Education in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Ayaz Muhammad , Ramzan Amna 
Published: December 2020

We are living in the age of quality competition, in marketing term, everything in the time is only alive until sustains its quality. If something elapsing its quality is meant to ending its existence from the world gradually. The leading aim of the existing paper was to analyses the content related to quality and quality assurance process of higher education in Pakistan. The paradigm of the research was interpretive paradigm and content analysis with its conceptual design was used to conduct the study. Through purposive sampling, three documents were used as a sample of the study. This investigation was conducted under a developmental approach and various policy document along with the concerned bodies ‘were used to support the theme of this paper. Multiple sources were used for data analysis, membership categorization analysis for interviews data and keywords in context analysis for document analysis. It was concluded that quality means meeting the predetermined standards and six themes were noted during qualitative analysis.
Effect of Directed Activities Related to Texts on English Writing Skill: Relevance and Adequacy of the Content of Grade XI Students
Authors: Rauf Abdul 
Published: December 2020

This paper addresses the effect of directed activities related to texts (DARTs) on English writing skill: relevance and adequacy of the contents. An experimental study was conducted through true pre test post test control group design. A public sector degree college for boys from district Lahore was selected as sample of the study. Sixty students out of 400 enrolled in session 2018-19 were selected and divided into two equal groups randomly. DARTs were intervened continuously for 16 weeks to the experimental group. Students’ English writing skill: relevance and adequacy of the content was measured through a supply type English writing skill test. Test was marked according to the rubrics Test of English for Educational Purpose (TEEP) by Reading University. Data were analyzed by using repeated measures paired sample t test and independent sample t test. Findings revealed that Directed Activities Related to Texts (DARTs) were effective for teaching English writing skill: Relevance and adequacy of the content. Teachers teaching English as second language at grade XI were recommended to teach text by implementing DARTs as classroom activities for teaching English writing skill. Students of grade XI were also recommended to practice DARTs to improve their English writing skill
Prevalence and Pattern of Cardiovascular Diseases among ESRD Patients Undergoing Short Term and Long Term Hemodialysis
Authors: Shrestha Manoj , Aryal Prakash 
Published: December 2020

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major causes of mortality and morbidity among End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patient undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The cardiovascular diseases in dialysis patient is related to chronic volume overload, anemia, inflammation, oxidant stress, homocysteine and other aspects of the uremic milieu. The duration of ESRD undergoing dialysis is related to the severity of cardiovascular diseases. The objective is to study the pattern of cardiovascular disease among the ESRD patient undergoing dialysis.
Methods: This comparative study was done at Collage of Medical Sciences Bharatpur, Nepal from 1st June 2020 to 30th July 2020. This study included total number of 300 dialysis patients divided into two groups; 150 patients undergoing dialysis for less than one year and rest undergoing dialysis for more than one year. Patients with primary heart disease were excluded from study. Patients were evaluated with demographic data, clinical history, and physical examination with focus on cardiovascular system, lab investigations, electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiogram variables. The pattern of cardiovascular diseases was compared among patients undergoing short term and long term hemodialysis.
Results: The echocardiographic evaluation of the cases under study revealed a diversity of pattern. In this study concentric or eccentric LVH was found in 60 %( n=90) of patients with short-term hemodialysis and 75 %( n=112) of patients with long-term hemodialysis. 30 %( n=45) of patients with short-term hemodialysis had degenerative/atherosclerotic valvular heart disease while the number was 35%(n=52) in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Pericardial effusion was present in 9 %( n=13) of short-term hemodialysis patient and in 5%(n=7) of long-term hemodialysis patient. 18%(n=27) of short-term hemodialysis patient had systolic dysfunction while such change was present in 27%(n=40) of long-term hemodialysis patient. Diastolic dysfunction was present in 35%(n=52) of short-term hemodialysis patient and 49%(n=73) of long-term hemodialysis patient. Pulmonary Artery Hypertension(PAH) was present in 20%(n=30) of short term hemodialysis patient and 32%(n=48) of long term hemodialysis patient. Atrial fibrillation was present in 7 %(n=10) of short-term hemodialysis patient and 5%(n=7) of long term hemodialysis patients.
Conclusions: Variety of cardiovascular diseases are common in ESRD patient undergoing hemodialysis. CVD is more prevalent in patient undergoing hemodialysis for long term.
6. A Search Through the Archives: Looking for the Young and the Old in a Museum's Collections
Authors: Denham Sean , Høgestøl Mari , Lillehammer Grete 
Published: December 2020

The chapter details research conducted as part of the BEVARES (Biological EnVironmental and Archaeological interdisciplinary RESearch on life-course, material and materiality in human depositions) programme at the Museum of Archaeology, University of Stavanger. Initially an attempt to gain a better understanding of the museum’s archived bone material, as well as evaluate the information potential of analysing/re-analysing the (primarily) burnt/cremated bone within that material, the work moved towards identifying evidence for the young and the old in the burial record. This led to an interest in the intersection of the young and the old in the burial record as a potential new area of archaeological study. The current project focuses on burials of these two groups. Bronze and Iron Age bone assemblages from Rogaland county, southwestern Norway, are included in the study. A variety of factors were quantified, but the age of the individuals and the number of people per burial are of primary relevance here. Initial results have revealed some interesting trends – the number of sub-adults in the burial record is much greater than previously thought, and the mortality pattern seen in Rogaland is quite different from that evident in comparable material from Eastern Norway. The occurrence of young and old individuals in the same burial context does not appear to be a common phenomenon.
Interesting Times, Indeed: Reflections on the Last Decade at the Toronto School of Theology
Authors: Macdonald Stuart 
Published: December 2020

[Figure: see text] The last decade has seen dramatic changes within the Toronto School of Theology (TST). This article explores these changes, beginning with three external forces: a less optimistic view of ecumenism, increasing cultural polarization, and the commodification of education. It then shifts to consider the internal forces that have been considered the primary drivers of change by many members of the TST faculty, specifically the responses to accreditation reviews by the Association of Theological Schools in 2011 and the 2012 University of Toronto Quality Assurance Process (UTQAP). The responses, including the creation of a new PhD in theological studies in response to UTQAP, are detailed and analyzed. These responses absorbed enormous energy within TST, and while they created a successful program, they also led to unintended consequences. TST has become a very different theological consortium than it was on it fortieth anniversary, let alone when it was founded.
السرد بين الشاعر فليح الركابي والشاعر ئاوات حسن أمين
Authors: Salman Haidar Hadi 
Published: December 2020

لقد حظيتْ دراسة السرد في الشعر العربي بنصيب وافر من الجهد النقدي الحديث، وإنْ اندرجت تحت مسميات متنوعة كالقصة، والحكاية، والبناء القصصي، والأداء القصصي، والبناء الدرامي في الشعر، وكأنَّ كل هذه العنوانات تعني شيئًا واحدًا، على الرغم مما بينها من اختلاف وتباين .
وما يهمنا هنا هو وسائل البناء السردي التي يستعين بها المبدع في إنشاشه النص السردي وإظهاره للوجود عبر ثنائية الوصف والسرد، فضلاً عن الحوار، إذ نجد السرد والوصف يعملان معا، ولكن بشكل متعارض، فلكل واحد منهما وظيفته، فالسرد يركز على إظهار الأحداث في العمل السردي، والوصف يسعى إلى الكشف عن الأشياء ومكوناتها، والأشخاص وطباعها الخلقية .
فجاءت هذه الدراسة للبحث في ( السرد بين الشاعر فليح الركابي و الشاعر ئاوات حسن أمين -دراسة موازنة-)، وتوزعت الدراسة بين تمهيد، ومبحثين، درست في الأول الوصف، وجاء المبحث الثاني لدراسة الحوار وبعد استكمال مباحث الدراسة، أوجزت الخاتمة بأهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها .
وقد اخترت شخصيتين بارزتين في مجال الشعر العراقي المعاصر، وفي مجال العمل الإداري الذي يتيح لهما التقرب من المجتمع بكل فئاته، فضلا عن حبهما للوطن، ورصدهما للقضايا السياسية والاجتماعية التي مر بها البلد، فهما يحملان العشق نفسه، والانجذاب نفسه، والحنين نفسه إذا ما ابتعدا عنه .
Optimal design and evaluation of a multi-shank structure based neural probe
Authors: Zhang Wenguang , Yin Xuele , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: December 2020

In order to develop long-lifetime neural electrodes, the insertion tissue injury caused by two optimized neural electrode (convex streamline electrode and vibration attenuation electrode) models were evaluated compared with a reference electrode. Based on the experimental evaluation system for testing tissue injury, the effects of insertion speeds on tissue injury of the two optimized electrodes with different insertion depths were studied. The maximum tissue strain caused by the two optimized neural electrodes firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of insertion speed at the depths of 3 mm and 4.5 mm. The insertion forces caused by vibration attenuation electrode are steady with the change of insertion speed. The convex streamline neural electrode caused less tissue injury compared with the other two electrodes. The higher or lower insertion speed causes smaller tissue strain for the two optimized electrodes, which is conductive to set implantation parameters to minimize tissue injury.
Early balance training with a computerized stabilometric platform in persons with mild hemiparesis in subacute stroke phase: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Brunelli Stefano , Gentileschi Noemi , Iosa Marco , Fusco Francesca Romana , Grossi Valerio , Duri Silvia , Foti Calogero , Traballesi Marco 
Published: December 2020

Background: Along with conventional therapy, novel tools are being developed in balance training for the rehabilitation of persons with stroke sequelae. The efficacy of Computerized Balance Training thus far been the object of studies only in persons with chronic stroke. Objective: To investigate the effects of an early Computerized Balance Training on balance, walking endurance and independence in activities of daily living, in persons with mild hemiparesis in subacute phase. Methods: Thirty-two persons with a recent hemiparesis (within 4 weeks from stroke onset), able to maintain a standing position for at least 30 seconds, were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The control group (CG) were administered conventional physiotherapy of 40 minutes twice a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks, while the experimental group (EG) underwent conventional physiotherapy 40 minutes once a day and Computerized Balance Training once a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Outcomes were evaluated by means of Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Tinetti Balance Scale (TBS), Two Minutes Walk Test (2MWT), Barthel Index (BI) and stabilometric tests. Results: Twelve participants for each group completed the training. Each group experienced 8 dropouts. The mean age (years) was 58.1±20.4 for EG and 59.7±14,7 for CG; the days from stroke were respectively 27.9±15.5 and 20±11.7. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant in experimental group for BBS ( p = 0.003), for TBS ( p = 0.028), for Sensory Integration and Balance tests performed with closed eyes on steady ( p = 0.009) or instable surface ( p = 0.023). and for 2MWT ( p = 0.008). Conclusions: Computerized Balance Training is an effective therapeutic tool for balance and gait endurance improvement in persons with stroke in subacute phase.
A method for postural critical factors checking: The case of library chairs
Authors: Fiorillo Iolanda , Anzisi Federico Jacopo , Carbone Alfonso , Califano Rosaria , Naddeo Alessandro 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: According to ergonomic researches regarding a good sitting posture, it is essential to ensure a natural back-curve in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. A brief observation among the Scientific Technology Library inside the University of Salerno showed that students used to complain about neck and lumbar pain, especially after a study day. OBJECTIVE: On the light of this background, a sitting posture comfort analysis had been performed on chairs inside the library to check the critical factors that influence the postural comfort and, consequently, the learning. METHODS: A prolonged sitting posture, that is common during the daily study activity, had been simulated with fifteen volunteer students performing 1-hour tests (divided into four 15-minutes tasks). Subjective perceptions had been gathered through questionnaires rating on a 5-point Comfort scale, both the expected comfort at the beginning of the experiment and the Localized Postural Comfort at the end of each task have been investigated. Then, postural angles had been gathered through photographic acquisition and Kinovea®. CaMAN software had been used to calculate the objective (dis)comfort indexes. Finally, subjective and objective data had been statistically processed and compared. RESULTS: Lumbar area scored the lowest perceived comfort while the perceived comfort was independent of participants and tasks, but dependent on time. CONCLUSIONS: After this comfort-driven analysis, critical factors of the chair-design were checked, and a proposal for a future re-design was hypothesized.
Investigating the effects of two fragrances on cabin comfort in an automotive environment
Authors: Gentner Alexandre , Gradinati Giuliano , Favart Carole , Gyamfi Kojo Sarfo , Brusey James 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: For passengers in private or public transportation systems, comfort is a major interest. Available comfort models are already used to correlate thermal comfort to influencing factors. However, the available models do not other sensory comfort aspect and specific influences as fragrances and ambient light. OBJECTIVE: This publication investigates the impact of fragrances with “warm” and “cold” associated meanings on thermal and overall comfort perception. METHODS: Human subject trials ( n = 47) were performed in different temperature-controlled environments following a 3×3 within-subject design considering ambient fragrance (“neutral scent”, “peppermint”, “orange & cinnamon”) and ambient light as variables. RESULTS: Olfactory comfort is shown to have the larger effect on overall comfort perception, comparable in weight to the one of thermal comfort. The impact observed on thermal sensation was in line with the meanings associated the fragrances, whereas it was positive on thermal comfort appreciation regardless of the type of fragrance diffused. CONCLUSIONS: These initial results suggest that olfactory stimulations have the potential to positively impact thermal and overall comfort. The appreciation of the fragrance appears to have a major impact on these interactions and should be deeply considered in future research and features development.
Desktop lighting for comfortable use of a computer screen
Authors: Han Lu , Zhang Hechen , Xiang Zhongxia , Shang Jinze , Anjani Shabila , Song Yu , Vink Peter 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The contrast between a bright computer screen and a dark ambient environment may influence comfort of the users, especially on their eyes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to identify the optimal desktop lighting for the comfortable use of the computer screen in a dark environment. METHODS: An experiment was designed where seven illumination setups were introduced for the users to perform their leisure tasks on a computer screen. Fifteen healthy subjects participated in the experiments. During each session, durations of the eye blinks, fixations and saccades of the user were recorded by an eye tracker. His/her neck and trunk movements were recorded by a motion tracking system as well. The comfort/discomfort questionnaire, localized postural discomfort questionnaire, NASA task load index and computer user questionnaire were used to record the overall comfort/discomfort, the local perceived physical discomfort, the cognitive workload, and general/eye health problems, respectively. RESULTS: Subjective and objective measurement results indicated that users felt more comfortable with high intensity warm lights using a computer screen. We also identified that the eye fixation durations, as well as the scores of two questions in the computer user questionnaire, have significant negative correlations with comfort. On the other side, the durations of blinks and the scores of three questions in the computer user questionnaire, were significantly correlated with discomfort. CONCLUSION: The warm (3000K) and high intensity (1500 lux) light reduced the visual and cognitive fatigue of the user and therefore improve the comfort of the user during the use of a computer screen.
Perceived onboard passengers’ experience: Flight attendants’ point of view
Authors: Torkashvand G. , Stephane L. , Vink P. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Cabin research is mostly based on passenger reports. However, it is also important to consider the perceptions of flight attendants as onboard service providers, since they can convey a complementary view shedding light on important aspects related to passenger experience. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to analyze flight-attendants’ perception regarding passengers’ inflight activities and experience. METHODS: Twenty-eight flight attendants were interviewed on more than twenty-three inflight activities that were extracted from a brainstorming session. A survey was designed based on these activities and was distributed to flight attendants. RESULTS: Overall, flight attendants perceived the activities ‘resting/relaxing’, ‘sleeping’ and ‘using the restroom’ for comfort as the most important activities to passengers, while activities ‘talking to neighbors’ and ‘thinking and observing’ were the least important ones. Interesting was the fact that flight attendants scored satisfaction of some activities higher then passengers. CONCLUSIONS: Flight attendants had a similar idea on importance of activities of passengers, but they valued some activities as more satisfactory.
Comfort and discomfort during smartphone use on a bed
Authors: Udomboonyanupap Sumalee , Boess Stella , Ribeiro Monteiro Luciana , Vink Peter 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The number of smartphone users is immense. People can do ever more with a smartphone. Smartphones are used everywhere, including in bed and on the sofa. The awkward postures taken in these situations affect comfort and discomfort. In designing a bed, it might be useful to know which position is comfortable for smartphone use on a bed. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to define the most comfortable trunk angle for smartphone use on a bed. METHODS: To study comfort and discomfort, 52 participants were asked to use the smartphone on a bed. The trunk angle of this bed was adjusted to 6 positions from flat to upright and for each angle the comfort and discomfort was recorded. RESULTS: The results showed that the participants prefer a trunk angle range around 120 and 142 degrees. At the best trunk angle 29% of the participants felt comfort in the legs, 25% in the upper back and 16% in the shoulders. However, in this position 36% also mentioned discomfort in the lower back and 24 % in the neck. CONCLUSIONS: For smartphone use a bed is preferable which enables a trunk angle of around 120–140 degrees. For the legs this is comfortable. However, for the neck and upper back the problem of discomfort still needs attention.