bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Polymer Dots During Mammalian Early Embryo Development and Their Biocompatibility on Maternal Health
Authors: Zhang Juxiang , Teng Fei , Tang Shiyi , Zhang Yufan , Guo Yixiao , Li Jingru , Li Yuqiao , Zhang Chunfu , Xiong Liqin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConjugated polymer dots have excellent fluorescence properties in terms of their structural diversity and functional design, showing broad application prospects in the fields of biological imaging and biosensing. Polymer dots contain no heavy metals and are thought to be of low toxicity and good biocompatibility. Therefore, systematic studies on their potential toxicity are needed. Herein, the biocompatibility of poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7diyl)‐co‐(1,4‐benzo‐{2,1′,3}‐thiadiazole)],10% benzothiadiazole(y) (PFBT) and poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) polymer dots on early embryo development as well as maternal health is studied in detail. The results show that prepared polymer dots are dose‐dependently toxic to preimplantation embryos, and low‐dose polymer dots can be used for cell labeling of early embryos without affecting the normal development of embryos into blastocysts. In addition, the in vivo distribution data show that the polymer dots accumulate mainly in the maternal liver, spleen, kidney, placenta, ovary, and lymph nodes of the pregnant mice. Histopathological examination and blood biochemical tests demonstrate that exposure of the maternal body to polymer dots at a dosage of 14 µg g−1 does not affect the normal function of the maternal organs and early fetal development. The research provides a safe basis for the wide application of polymer dots.
Wound Healing Attributes of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Prepared with Multi‐l‐arginyl‐poly‐l‐aspartate Pairing with Hyaluronic Acid and γ‐Polyglutamic Acid
Authors: Uddin Zeeshan , Fang Tsuei‐Yun , Siao Jyun‐Yin , Tseng Wen‐Chi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiodegradable multi‐l‐arginyl‐poly‐l‐aspartate (MAPA), more commonly cyanophycin, prepared with recombinant Escherichia coli contains a polyaspartate backbone with lysine and arginine as side chains. Two assemblies of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are fabricated at three different concentration ratios of insoluble MAPA (iMAPA) with hyaluronic acid (iMAPA/HA) and with γ‐polyglutamic acid (iMAPA/γ‐PGA), respectively, utilizing a layer‐by‐layer approach. Both films with iMAPA and its counterpart, HA or γ‐PGA, as the terminal layer are prepared to assess the effect on film roughness, cell growth, and cell migration. iMAPA incorporation is higher for a higher concentration of the anionic polymer due to better charge interaction. The iMAPA/HA films when compared to iMAPA/γ‐PGA multilayers show least roughness. The growth rates of L929 fibroblast cells on the PEMs are similar to those on glass substrate, with no supplementary effect of the terminal layer. However, the migration rates of L929 cells increase for all PEMs. γ‐PGA incorporated films impart 50% enhancement to the cell migration after 12 h of culture as compared to the untreated glass, and the smooth films containing HA display a maximum 82% improvement. The results present the use of iMAPA to construct a new layer‐by‐layer system of polyelectrolyte biopolymers with a potential application in wound dressing.
Controllable Superlubricity System of Polyalkylene Glycol Aqueous Solutions under Various Applied Conditions
Authors: Liu Wenrui , Wang Hongdong , Liu Yuhong , Zhang Caixia , Luo Jianbin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt has been recently demonstrated that the superlubricity behavior of polyalkylene glycol (PAG) aqueous solutions can be achieved in a wide variety of applied conditions. However, certain parameters are expected to be adjusted further to achieve a more controllable superlubricity system. Herein, it is demonstrated that an ultralow friction coefficient can be obtained by concentrated PAG aqueous solutions (80 wt% HB‐260) as the contact pressure becomes relatively low (37 MPa). Meanwhile, the superlubricity state can be adjusted in a timely manner by adjusting the relative sliding speed. Here, the viscosity of the PAG aqueous solution (determined by its concentration and molecular weight) and applied conditions, including contact pressure and relative sliding speed, are considered as critical parameters influencing the lubricating performance. According to the theoretical analysis, the superlubricity state is confirmed and a fitted superlubricity region is proposed, which provides a comprehensive guide for achieving controllable superlubricity in the future.
Design and Preparation of Tertiary Amine Modified Polyurethane Acrylate Oligomer with Co‐Initiation/Polymerization Bifunctions for Photo‐Curable Inkjet Printing of Textiles
Authors: Meng Yiding , Sun Guangdong , Huang Yi , Wang Chenglong , Wang Lili , Fan Qinguo , Shao Jianzhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to resolve the conflict issues existing in currently available polyurethane acrylate (PUA) oligomers for photo‐curable inkjet printing of textile, and to avoid the safety problems caused by the immigration of small molecule amine co‐initiator, a series of tertiary amine modified PUA oligomers are delicately designed and synthesized. The chemical structures of the synthesized PUA oligomers are confirmed by FTIR and 1H‐NMR analyses. The optimized PUA oligomer/hydroxyethyl acrylate based polymerization system show a low viscosity, high storage stability and good compatibility with various functional segments. Furthermore, the modified PUA oligomer acts as both the photopolymerization constituent and the macromolecular co‐initiator assisting to achieve high photopolymerization rate and conversion rate, and avoiding the disadvantages caused by the migration of small amine co‐initiators. Benefitting from the semi‐IPN formed by this polymerization system with suitable crosslinking density and phase separation degree, a soft, strong and flexible cured film is obtained. The high photo‐reactivity with low viscosity of the polymerization system and the good flexibility with high strength of the resultant photo‐cured film ensures the applications of the modified PUA oligomer, and the printed fabrics achieve 4 grade of colorfastness with improved handle properties, as well as brilliant color and fine patterns.
High‐Performance Flexible Pressure and Temperature Sensors with Complex Leather Structure
Authors: Abodurexiti Ayinuer , Yang Congcong , Maimaitiyiming Xieraili 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ability of the skin to be pressure‐sensitive has prompted scientists to develop materials and equipment to simulate this function. Recently, flexible and stretchable artificial electronic skin has received increasing attention with its unique ability to detect subtle pressure changes. Pressure sensing is one of the key functions of electronic skin devices. Here, a stretchy and highly sensitive pressure sensor is developed that used a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with leather composite layer as flexible part. These features enable the sensor to accurately detect a variety of human activities, such as small finger movements and bending, pulse and so on. The sensor is found to have a good sensing signal for temperature. This feature provides great promise for sensors to detect temperature.
Layered Double Hydroxide/Polymer Supramolecule with Different Structures for Leather Multiperformance Intensification
Authors: Ma Jianzhong , Yang Na , Gao Dangge , Jia Lu , Yang Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLDH/P supramolecule with exfoliated and intercalated structure by exfoliation/adsorption and in situ polymerization method is prepared, respectively. Afterward, the LDH/polymer supramolecule with exfoliated (LDH/P‐E, exfoliation/adsorption) and intercalated (LDH/P‐I, in situ polymerization) and partial exfoliated and partial intercalated (LDH/P‐B, physical blending, reported in the previous work) is used in leather tanning and retanning process to evaluate the structure–activity relationship between LDH/P and leather application performance. LDH/P supramolecule with exfoliated structure shows the best intensification ability to most of the leather performances, and the sequence of intensification ability of LDH/P is LDH/P‐E > LDH/P‐B > LDH/P‐I. This is related to the size and penetration property of LDH/P. For the leather performance intensification, the positively charged LDH layers can promote the absorption of negatively charged leather chemicals, and thus the dyeing and softness of leather can be intensified. The nanolayered structure of LDH filled between leather gaps can play a toughening and block effect, and thus the physical and mechanical strength, thickening rate, and the inhibition of volatilization of small organic molecule property of leather can be intensified. Furthermore, the reduction of chemical oxygen demand value of dyeing waste water is also an evidence that the LDH/P is an environmental retanning auxiliary.
Highly Stretchable, Compressible, Resilient, and Equilibrium Swelling Hydrogels with Elastic Nano Junctions
Authors: Zhu Liangyu , Zhang Xinlei , Shao Zengwu , Guo Mingyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, a flexible and polymerizable polyurethane‐urea (PUU) nanoparticle is used for the first time to prepare hydrogels showing highly stretchable, compressible, and resilient properties in their equilibrium swelling state. The PUU nanoparticles are prepared by reported interfacial polycondensation of O/W nanoemulsions followed by surface modification with acrylate groups. The hydrogels are prepared by simple free‐radical copolymerization of acrylamide and the polymerizable PUU nanoparticles. These PUU nanoparticles are expected to act as polyfunctional nanocrosslinkers and elastic junctions of the hydrogel’s network. The obtained hydrogels show high water containing character (94–97 wt%) in their equilibrium swelling state. The equilibrium swelling hydrogels can still be stretched and compressed up to 430–1170% and 95%, respectively, without fracture. Furthermore, cyclic tensile tests with a maximum strain of 500% or 700% show that the resilience of these equilibrium swelling hydrogels is as high as 95–97%. This work provides a new strategy and some new insights into the fabrication of fully swelling hydrogels with both extraordinary ductility and resilience, which is of critical importance for many of their practical applications.
Polyethylenimine‐Based Shape Memory Polyurethane with Low Transition Temperature and Excellent Memory Performance
Authors: Garg Hema , Mohanty Jayashree , Gupta Priyanka , Das Apurba , Tripathi Bijay P. , Kumar Bipin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFlexible shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) are the favorable candidates as a coating or substrate for wearable smart textiles, electronics, and biomedical applications. However, conventional SMPUs (e.g., 1,4 butanediol (BDO)‐based) are not suitable in these applications due to high rigidity, poor mechanical properties, low shape recovery, and high transition temperature. Herein, a polyethylenimine (PEI)‐based SMPU with low transition temperature and tailored properties are reported. The synthesized SMPU are characterized, and their properties are compared with BDO‐SMPUs. The chemical structure of PEI is explored to improve thermal and mechanical properties and to assess their effect on shape memory behavior. The bulky nature of PEI plays a critical role in lowering transition temperature and introduces flexibility in the structure at room temperature. A drop in Young's modulus is found from 13.6 MPa in BDO‐SMPU to 6.2 MPa in PEI‐SMPU. Simultaneously, tensile strength is increased from 3.77 MPa in BDO‐SMPU to 11.85 MPa in PEI‐SMPU. Owing to the improved mechanical properties in PEI‐SMPU, 100% shape recovery is observed, which displays a reproducible trend in ten repetitive cycles due to the presence of reversible physical crosslinks. Therefore, it is envisioned that this can serve as a potential shape memory material in smart wearable technologies.
Materialistic cues make us miserable: A meta‐analysis of the experimental evidence for the effects of materialism on individual and societal well‐being
Authors: Moldes Olaya , Ku Lisbeth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsumer‐oriented societies are awash with materialistic messages that link happiness and success to wealth and consumption. However, despite extensive research evidence that dispositional materialistic orientations are correlated with lower well‐being, the effects of materialistic cues on the well‐being of individuals and social groups have not been examined. The present research meta‐analytically reviews the experimental evidence for the causal effects of materialism on two dimensions of well‐being: (a) individual and (b) societal. We included 27 independent studies that met the inclusion criteria of priming materialism and measuring well‐being (N = 3,649), containing a total of 62 effect sizes. Multilevel modeling revealed that materialism has an effect on both individual (δ = −0.39) and societal well‐being (δ = −0.41), suggesting that materialistic cuescauselower well‐being. Moderation effects suggested that materialistic cues might have a higher effect on interpersonal well‐being than on self‐evaluation indicators. We discuss the limitations of the current evidence, highlight the research gaps and underdeveloped areas, and provide recommendations such as minimum sample size for future experimental work, since the advancement of this area will help us to gain a better understanding of the impact of consumer‐oriented societies on the well‐being of individuals and social groups.
Study of Crystallinity Index and Thermal Properties of Sweet Sorghum Fiber after Pressurized‐Cooker Treatment
Authors: Ismojo  , Hadiwibowo Rangga , Yuanita Evana , Kustiyah Elvi , Chalid Mochamad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of the research is to investigate the effect of thermal treatment through commercial pressure cooker (5, 25, and 60 min) on thermal and crystallinity properties of stalk sweet sorghum fibres. Crystallinity index and thermal stability of the fibers have been studied by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) characterization, respectively, compared to untreated fibers. The result of this study shows that this treatment increased crystallinity index and thermal stability properties of the fibers. This result also shows that sorghum fiber can be used for a reinforcement candidate in thermoplastic matrix.
Optimization of Standard Indonesian Rubber 20 and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Blending for Ship Launcher Application
Authors: Hidayat Ade S. , Jayatin  , Arti Dewi K. , Gumilar Muhammad D. , Susanto Herri , Larasati Amelia , Pratiwi Ulfa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIndonesia is one of the largest natural rubber producers in the world. However, the utilization of natural rubber is still not optimal, even though with a touch of technology, natural rubber can be utilized to create technical products that have high added value. One of the rubber products is rubber airbag. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of variations of natural rubber type Standard Indonesian Rubber (SIR) 20 and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composition processed with auxiliary chemicals on the quality of mechanical properties of rubber airbag product which is considered quite optimal. Rubber compound is made from the mixture of natural rubber SIR 20 and synthetic rubber EPDM with variation of SIR 20/EPDM ratio A) 100/0; B) 90/10; C) 80/20; D) 0/100 phr. Rubber compound is made with kneader machine and open mill. Then its mechanical properties are tested in accordance with the target technical specifications to be achieved. Testing is done both before and after its immersion in sea water at 95 °C for 29 days. Test results both before and after immersion in sea water shows that the composition of natural rubber and EPDM has significant effect on mechanical properties and chemical structure of rubber compound vulcanizate. The optimum rubber compound formula for rubber airbag is sample A with 100 phr of SIR 20 composition with excellent mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, rebound resilience, and abrasion resistance.
Viscoelastic Behavior and Thermal Stability of Poly(Lactic Acid) Bio‐Composite Filled with Micro‐Graphite
Authors: Kaavessina Mujtahid , Distantina Sperisa , Shohih Esa Nur , Lomi Henry Alvin Sebastian , Pratiwi Betha Putri , Chafid Achmad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) or PLA bio‐composite is prepared by filling with micro‐graphite via solution blending. The micro‐graphite loading is varied from 0–15 wt%. The objectives of this research are to investigate the influence of micro‐graphite loading on PLA bio‐composite, on the viscoelasticity and thermal stability. The viscoelasticity behavior exhibits a considerable dependence on the melt properties of the PLA/micro‐graphite bio‐composites on the percentage micro‐graphite. The complex viscosity |η*|, storage modulus (G’), and loss modulus (G″) tend to improve with increasing micro‐graphite loading. Thermogravimetric analyses indicate that the micro‐graphite slightly stabilizes the PLA. The decomposition reaction is shifted to a higher temperature in the range 7–9 °C. This reaction leads to the loss of volatile byproducts, which occur at temperatures higher than 310 °C. It means far from the melt processing conditions. The differential scanning calorimetry thermogram shows that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the melting temperature are close to that of neat PLA with changes only around 2–4 °C.
Preparation of Alginate/Nanocellulose Nanocomposite for Protein Adsorption
Authors: Piluharto Bambang , Salamah Ummu , Indarti Dwi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to prepare alginate‐based nanocomposite for protein adsorption. Nanocomposite is prepared by dissolving alginate in the nanocellulose (NC) suspension and injected in calcium chloride bath to form alginate/NC beads. Herein, nanocellulose contents are used as a variable to study protein adsorption behavior. Protein adsorption is studied by batch method. Parameters of adsorption including effect of pH and isotherm adsorption are investigated. The results show that the optimum pH value for protein adsorption is 4 for all compositions of nanocomposites. Based on the equilibrium data for adsorption isotherm, it is shown that Langmuir isotherm model is better than Freundlich model for all compositions of alginate/NC composites. Increasing maximum adsorption capacity of alginate/NC nanocomposite was influenced slightly by nanocellulose content.
Molecular Weight, Degree of Deacetylation, and Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Irradiated and Nonirradiated Chitosan Using Mice
Authors: Darwis Darmawan , Pangerteni Dewi Sekar , Abbas Basril , Puspitasari Tita , Nuryanthi Nunung , Nurrochmad Arief , Airin Claude Mona 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChitosan has been used as antimicrobial, anti‐fungal, anti‐virus, antioxidant, and anti‐cancer agent. As a new biomaterial, chitosan will be required to undergo certain toxicity tests for biocompatibility and safety assessment; one of the requirements is acute toxicity. In this study, nonirradiated and irradiated chitosan is used. The MW of chitosan is analyzed using GPC. The degree of deacetylation (DD) is measured by FTIR. OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No 423 is used for evaluation of acute oral toxicity tests of nonirradiated and irradiated chitosan using mice with body weight (BW) ranging from 20 to 30 g. During 14 days after the dosing of chitosan, there are daily observations of toxic symptoms, death of test animals, changes in weight gain, and manifestations of toxic effects of individual animals. The results show that nonirradiated and irradiated chitosan with 75 kGy have an average MW of 276.0 and 90.0 kDa, respectively. Chitosan has a DD of 92%, which is increased by 4% at 75 kGy irradiation dose. Administration of nonirradiated and irradiated chitosan with a concentration of 300 mg/kg BW and continuous following with 2000 mg/kg BW show no toxic symptoms or death of mice test animals, LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. It is concluded that nonirradiated and irradiated chitosan with 75 kGy are categorized as practically nontoxic with LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. The dose up to a test limit of 5000 mg/kg BW is estimated to be equivalent to the dose of 38.79 mg (≈ 38.79 g) in humans (70 kg).
Synthesis and Application of Bacterial Cellulose‐co‐(poly)acrylamide as an Adsorbent for Cu and Pb Metal Ions
Authors: Oktaviani Oktaviani , Puspitasari Tita , Pangerteni Dewi Sekar , Nuryanthi Nunung , Syahputra Akhmad Rasyid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe bacterial cellulose‐co‐polyacrylamide (BC‐PAAM) is successfully synthesized by radiation‐induced graft polymerization using gamma rays with the simultaneous technique. The optimum irradiation dose applied is 50 kGy and the mass ratio among acrylamide (AAm) and bacterial cellulose (BC) is 1:4. The sorption of aqueous Cu and Pb onto BC‐PAAM is investigated in the relation of pH 3 and 5. The heavy metal ions are applied as single during adsorption study. The sorption uptake of the metal ions by BC‐PAAM shows that the adsorption capacity is higher at pH of 5 compared to the adsorption capacity of pH 3, both for Cu and Pb metal ions. The adsorption capacity obtained in the condition of pH 5 is 20.88 and 81.79 mg g−1 for Cu and Pb, respectively. While the adsorption efficiency in pH 5 is 29.54% (for Cu) and 92.76% (for Pb). The adsorbent (before and after metal ions uptake) is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.
Preparation of Chitosan Hydrogel with Malonic Acid Crosslinker as Soil Conditioner for Soybean Plant (Glycine max L. merril)
Authors: Ritonga Halimahtussaddiyah , Nurdin Muhammad , Ramadhan L. O. A. N. , Salsabila Wd. Syafitri , Si S. , Rembon Fransiskus S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis research is on the manufacture of chitosan hydrogel crosslinked with malonic acid to be used as a soil conditioner for soybean plant (glycine max L. merrill). The aim of the study is to determine the effect of chitosan composition on malonic acid and the characteristics of hydrogel, and the effect of hydrogel as soil conditioner—its physical and chemical properties and role in soybean plant growth. Hydrogel of chitosan crosslinked malonic acid is carried out through a crosslinking chemical method. The increase in chitosan and malonic acid concentration can increase the swelling degree of hydrogel by 285.32%. Characterization is done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR analysis shows changes in the specific absorption between chitosan and chitosan crosslinked malonic acid that occurs in the area of wave number 1080 cm−1 (C─O). SEM analysis shows that the increase in chitosan composition and malonic acid concentration causes the surface structure to be rough, hollow, and irregular. The use of hydrogel on soil conditions of soybean plants at 75th day measurements which give the most significant positive response is chitosan: malonic acid (2.5 g: 2.5%). Moisture value, soil temperature, C‐organic content, absorbed potassium level, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) content are 50%, 27–30 °C, 2%, 20.54 ppm, and 17.74 meq/100 g, respectively. In addition, the effect of hydrogel use on soybean plants result in the plant reaching a maximum height of 93 cm on the 75th day. The chitosan–malonic acid hydrogel has potential as soil conditioner.