bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial steps of corrosion and oxide characteristics
Authors: Andrade Carmen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSimulation of cracking of concrete cover due to reinforcement corrosion has attracted numerous investigations in recent years, although has been more scarce its experimental determination. Numerous works are based in accelerating testing because of the duration of natural processes. This acceleration of the corrosion introduce differences with respect to slower corrosion rates, which should be taken into account as well as that the maximum value observed in real conditions is around 100–200 μA/cm2. On the other hand, the cracks appear due to the expansive character of the oxides formed. In the paper, some features of the accelerated testing of corrosion will be commented and the observations made in the first steps of the oxide formation in solution and in concrete, will be summarized. The oxides are of mixed colors evolving in function of the time to contact open air and they have not mechanical consistency, being apparently hydrophilic by retaining large amounts of water. These oxides evolve or “age” with the drying. It seems then, that a generalization of the oxide characteristics is not feasible. Regarding the crack generation and evolution due to the oxide formation, it is explained how to measure its width through strain‐gages and the detected steps in its evolution.
Base isolation of buildings for subway‐induced environmental vibration: Field experiments and a semi‐analytical prediction model
Authors: Sheng Tao , Shi Wei‐xing , Shan Jia‐zeng , Hong Fang‐yue , Bian Xue‐cheng , Liu Gan‐bin , Chen Yue 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis paper presents a new three‐directional isolator and a new prediction model for base isolation method of buildings to improve the comfort of occupants under subway‐induced environmental vibration. The mechanical properties of the isolator were tested in a laboratory. The results indicated that the stiffness values can satisfy the isolation requirements for environmental vibrations by increasing the thickness of rubber layers, and the sliding bottom is beneficial for protecting the new isolator from instability failures under earthquakes. The suppression effectiveness of the new isolator for three‐directional subway‐induced environmental vibrations was then investigated via field experiments with a full‐scale building. Further, the tri‐axial comfort of occupants inside the building is enhanced significantly. Finally, using the measured data from the field experiments as an input, the new prediction model was proven to be effective for evaluating the vertical vibration levels of the base‐isolated building. As the new prediction model only includes a few of the most influential floor slabs, the modeling workload and computational cost of the prediction analysis are eased. Therefore, the new isolator and the prediction model are beneficial for improving the service performances of the base isolation method, especially for the buildings near subway transportation and in seismic areas.
Hook‐shaped enterolith and secondary cachexia in a free‐living grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus, Rafinesque 1810)
Authors: Otway Nicholas M. , West Greg J. , Gore Damian B. , Williamson Jane E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe carcass of a critically endangered, juvenile female grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus, Rafinesque 1810) was recovered from a south‐eastern Australian beach and subjected to necropsy. The 1.98‐m‐long shark exhibited advanced cachexia with its total weight (19.0 kg) and liver weight (0.37 kg) reduced by 60% and 89%, respectively, compared with a healthy individual of the same length. Marked tissue decomposition was evident preventing histopathology and identification of a definitive cause of death. At necropsy, the abdominal organs were abnormally displaced and showed marked reductions in size compared with a healthy individual of the same size. Importantly, a hook‐shaped enterolith (HSE), with a rough surface and cream in colour, was found within the spiral valve of the intestine and is to the authors’ knowledge, the first description of such in any marine animal. X‐ray diffractometry showed that the HSE comprised the minerals monohydrocalcite (Ca[CO₃].H₂O; ~70 wt%) and struvite (Mg [NH4] [PO4]. [H2O]6; ~30 wt%). A CT scan showed concentric lamellate concretions around a 7/o offset J‐hook that formed the nidus of the HSE. Nylon fishing line attached to the hook exited the HSE and was evident in the abdominal cavity through a perforation in the intestinal wall where the posterior intestinal artery merges. The most parsimonious reconstruction of events leading to enterolithiasis and secondary cachexia in this shark was the consumption of a hooked fish and subsequent hook migration causing perforations of the cardiac stomach wall followed by the thin, muscular wall of the apposed, sub‐adjacent intestine.
Mesoscale modeling of a “Dunkelflaute” event
Authors: Li Bowen , Basu Sukanta , Watson Simon J. , Russchenberg Herman W. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the near future, wind and solar generation are projected to play an increasingly important role in Europe's energy sector. With such fast‐growing renewable energy development, the presence of simultaneous calm wind and overcast conditions could cause significant shortfalls in production with potentially serious consequences for system operators. Such events are sometimes dubbed “Dunkelflaute” events and have occurred several times in recent history. The capabilities of contemporary mesoscale models to reliably simulate and/or forecast a Dunkelflaute event are not known in the literature. In this paper, a Dunkelflaute event near the coast of Belgium is simulated utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Comprehensive validation using measured power production data and diverse sets of meteorological data (e.g., floating lidars, radiosondes, and weather stations) indicates the potential of WRF to reproduce and forecast the boundary layer evolution during the event. Extensive sensitivity experiments with respect to grid‐size, wind farm parameterization, and forcing datasets provide further insights on the reliability of the WRF model in capturing the Dunkelflaute event.
The Quebec Model of Recording Spiritual Care: Concepts and Guidelines
Authors: Bélanger Bruno , Beauregard Line , Bélanger Mario , Bergeron Chantal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOver the past decade or so, the quality of the evaluation note written by a spiritual care provider has been a major issue in debates about accountability and the quality of interdisciplinary collaboration. This article advocates the adoption of our two models of notes: ‘the note following a meeting with a user’, generally used in acute care, and ‘the note following a meeting with a relative’, generally used in long-term care, in cases where a patient can no longer express himself or herself. These two charting models were developed on the basis of the RESS (‘Markers for Spiritual Care Assessment’) assessment tool recently developed at the Centre Spiritualitésanté de la Capitale-Nationale (CSsanté), and their usefulness and applicability were assessed in a research study. The note models presented in this article are inspired by the vision of spirituality that underlies our work accompanying patients and informed the development of the RESS. We found that the clinical benefits of streamlining an evaluation and note-writing model are a major step forward in a profession that has been rapidly evolving in Quebec in recent years.
Verifying a Solver for Linear Mixed Integer Arithmetic in Isabelle/HOL
Authors: Bottesch Ralph , Haslbeck Max W. , Reynaud Alban , Thiemann René 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe implement a decision procedure for linear mixed integer arithmetic and formally verify its soundness in Isabelle/HOL. We further integrate this procedure into one application, namely into , a formally verified certifier to check untrusted termination proofs. This checking involves assertions of unsatisfiability of linear integer inequalities; previously, only a sufficient criterion for such checks was supported. To verify the soundness of the decision procedure, we first formalize the proof that every satisfiable set of linear integer inequalities also has a small solution, and give explicit upper bounds. To this end we mechanize several important theorems on linear programming, including statements on integrality and bounds. The procedure itself is then implemented as a branch-and-bound algorithm, and is available in several languages via Isabelle’s code generator. It internally relies upon an adapted version of an existing verified incremental simplex algorithm.
Detektion von Lungenveränderungen bei Patienten mit Mukoviszidose
Authors: Nyilas Sylvia , Bauman Grzegorz , Sommer Gregor 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungKlinisches/methodisches ProblemDie differenzierte Beurteilung von Gasaustauschprozessen, Lungenzirkulation sowie die Erkennung struktureller Veränderungen sind wesentlich für die Therapie von Patienten mit Mukoviszidose (zystische Fibrose, CF). Klinische Lungenfunktionstests sind oft nicht hinreichend spezifisch sowie häufig nicht durchführbar.Radiologische StandardverfahrenStandardverfahren in der Lungendiagnostik sind die konventionell radiologische Thoraxbildgebung und die Computertomographie (CT) zur morphologischen Darstellung. In aktuellen Studien wird zur strukturellen Darstellung der Lunge zusätzlich die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) verwendet. Die funktionelle Bildgebung ist vorerst nur auf spezialisierte Zentren beschränkt.Methodische InnovationenZur Darstellung der Lungenventilation stehen die MRT mit hyperpolarisierten Gasen und die Fourier-Dekompositions/Matrix-Pencil-MRT (FD/MP-MRT) zur Verfügung. Zur Perfusionsbestimmung können u. a. die dynamische kontrastmittelverstärkte MRT (DCE-MRT) oder kontrastmittelfreie Methoden wie die FD-MRT angewendet werden.LeistungsfähigkeitDie funktionelle MRT erlaubt einen genaueren Einblick in die Pathophysiologie der Lungenfunktion auf regionaler Ebene. Vorteile gegenüber den röntgenbasierten Verfahren sind die fehlende Strahlenbelastung, die Vielzahl der über verschiedene Kontraste zugänglichen Parameter der Lungenfunktion sowie die gute Wiederholbarkeit.BewertungFunktionelle Messungen sind insbesondere zur frühzeitigen Erkennung von Lungenfunktionseinschränkungen unabdingbar. Ausreichende Erfahrungen in der klinischen Anwendung bei CF existieren nur für bestimmte MRT-Verfahren.Empfehlung für die PraxisEin klinischer Einsatz der genannten Verfahren sollte mit Ausnahme der DCE-MRT nur innerhalb von Studien erfolgen.
Type 2 diabetes remission: 2 year within-trial and lifetime-horizon cost-effectiveness of the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)/Counterweight-Plus weight management programme
Authors: Xin Yiqiao , Davies Andrew , Briggs Andrew , McCombie Louise , Messow C. Martina , Grieve Eleanor , Leslie Wilma S. , Taylor Roy , Lean Michael E. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims/hypothesisApproximately 10% of total healthcare budgets worldwide are spent on treating diabetes and its complications, and budgets are increasing globally because of ageing populations and more expensive second-line medications. The aims of the study were to estimate the within-trial and lifetime cost-effectiveness of the weight management programme, which achieved 46% remissions of type 2 diabetes at year 1 and 36% at year 2 in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT).MethodsWithin-trial analysis assessed costs of the Counterweight-Plus intervention in DiRECT (including training, programme materials, practitioner appointments and low-energy diet), along with glucose-lowering and antihypertensive medications, and all routine healthcare contacts. Lifetime cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) was estimated according to projected durations of remissions, assuming continued relapse rates as seen in year 2 of DiRECT and consequent life expectancy, quality of life and healthcare costs.ResultsMean total 2 year healthcare costs for the intervention and control groups were £3036 and £2420, respectively: an incremental cost of £616 (95% CI –£45, £1269). Intervention costs (£1411; 95% CI £1308, £1511) were partially offset by lower other healthcare costs (£796; 95% CI £150, £1465), including reduced oral glucose-lowering medications by £231 (95% CI £148, £314). Net remission at 2 years was 32.3% (95% CI 23.5%, 40.3%), and cost per remission achieved was £1907 (lower 95% CI: intervention dominates; upper 95% CI: £4212). Over a lifetime horizon, the intervention was modelled to achieve a mean 0.06 (95% CI 0.04, 0.09) QALY gain for the DiRECT population and mean total lifetime cost savings per participant of £1337 (95% CI £674, £2081), with the intervention becoming cost-saving within 6 years.Conclusions/interpretationIncorporating the lifetime healthcare cost savings due to periods of remission from diabetes and its complications, the DiRECT intervention is predicted to be both more effective (QALY gain) and cost-saving in adults with type 2 diabetes compared with standard care. This conclusion appears robust to various less favourable model scenarios, providing strong evidence that resources could be shifted cost-effectively to support achieving remissions with the DiRECT intervention.Trial registrationISRCTN03267836
Secondary Endoleak Management Following TEVAR and EVAR
Authors: Ameli-Renani Seyed , Pavlidis Vyzantios , Morgan Robert A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEndovascular abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysm repair and are widely used to treat increasingly complex aneurysms. Secondary endoleaks, defined as those detected more than 30 days after the procedure and after previous negative imaging, remain a challenge for aortic specialists, conferring a need for long-term surveillance and reintervention. Endoleaks are classified on the basis of their anatomic site and aetiology. Type 1 and type 2 endoleaks (EL1 and EL2) are the most common endoleaks necessitating intervention. The management of these requires an understanding of their mechanics, and the risk of sac enlargement and rupture due to increased sac pressure. Endovascular techniques are the main treatment approach to manage secondary endoleaks. However, surgery should be considered where endovascular treatments fail to arrest aneurysm growth. This chapter reviews the aetiology, significance, management strategy and techniques for different endoleak types.
miR-331-3p is involved in glucocorticoid resistance reversion by rapamycin through suppression of the MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Lucafò Marianna , Sicari Daria , Chicco Andrea , Curci Debora , Bellazzo Arianna , Di Silvestre Alessia , Pegolo Chiara , Autry Robert , Cecchin Erika , De Iudicibus Sara , Collavin Licio , Evans William , Decorti Giuliana , Stocco Gabriele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used as therapeutic agents for immune-mediated diseases and leukemia. However, considerable inter-individual differences in efficacy have been reported. Several reports indicate that the inhibitor of mTOR rapamycin can reverse GC resistance, but the molecular mechanism involved in this synergistic effect has not been fully defined. In this context, we explored the differential miRNA expression in a GC-resistant CCRF-CEM cell line after treatment with rapamycin alone or in co-treatment with methylprednisolone (MP). The expression analysis identified 70, 99 and 96 miRNAs that were differentially expressed after treatment with MP, rapamycin and their combination compared to non-treated controls, respectively. Two pathways were exclusively altered as a result of the co-treatment: the MAPK and ErbB pathways. We validated the only miRNA upregulated specifically by the co-treatment associated with the MAPK signaling, miR-331-3p. Looking for miR-331-3p targets, MAP2K7, an essential component of the JNK/MAPK pathway, was identified. Interestingly, MAP2K7 expression was downregulated during the co-treatment, causing a decrease in terms of JNK activity. miR-331-3p in mimic-transfected cells led to a significant decrease in MAP2K7 levels and promoted the reversion of GC resistance in vitro. Interestingly, miR-331-3p expression was also associated with GC-resistance in patient leukemia cells taken at diagnosis. The combination of rapamycin with MP restores GC effectiveness through the regulation of different miRNAs, suggesting the important role of these pharmacoepigenetic factors in GC response.
The effect of anti-TNF treatment on body composition and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van den Oever I. A. M. , Baniaamam M. , Simsek S. , Raterman H. G. , van Denderen J. C. , van Eijk I. C. , Peters M. J. L. , van der Horst-Bruinsma I. E. , Smulders Y. M. , Nurmohamed M. T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGiven the link between systemic inflammation, body composition and insulin resistance (IR), anti-inflammatory therapy may improve IR and body composition in inflammatory joint diseases. This study assesses the IR and beta cell function in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with active disease compared to osteoarthritis (OA) patients and investigates the effect of anti-TNF treatment on IR, beta cell function and body composition in RA. 28 Consecutive RA patients starting anti-TNF treatment (adalimumab), and 28 age, and sex-matched patients with OA were followed for 6 months. Exclusion criteria were use of statins, corticosteroids, and cardiovascular or endocrine co-morbidity. Pancreatic beta cell function and IR, using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2), and body composition, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were measured at baseline and 6 months. At baseline, IR [1.5 (1.1–1.8) vs. 0.7 (0.6–0.9), 100/%S] and beta cell function (133% vs. 102%) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in RA patients with active disease as compared to OA patients. After 6 months of anti-TNF treatment, IR [1.5 (1.1–1.8) to 1.4 (1.1–1.7), p = 0.17] slightly improved and beta cell function [133% (115–151) to 118% (109–130), p <0.05] significantly improved. Improvement in IR and beta cell function was most pronounced in RA patients with highest decrease in CRP and ESR. Our observations indicate that IR and increased beta cell function are more common in RA patients with active disease. Anti-TNF reduced IR and beta cell function especially in RA patients with highest decrease in systemic inflammation and this effect was not explained by changes in body composition.
Mining Favorable Alleles for Rice Coleoptile Elongation Length Sensitivity to Exogenous Gibberellin Under Submergence Condition
Authors: Abdulmajid Dina , Ali Nour , Eltahawy Moaz S. , Liu Erbao , Dang Xiaojing , Hong Delin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh sensitivity of rice coleoptile elongation length to exogenous gibberellin is a beneficial trait to utilize superior rice cultivars that could not be used originally under water direct-seeded conditions. In the present study, we mined favorable alleles for the trait by combining the phenotypic data of 358 rice accessions with their genotype data of 262 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers via genome wide association mapping method. Totally, 17 SSR marker loci significantly associated with gibberellin sensitivity index (GSI) of coleoptile elongation length under 10 cm depth of water, were detected by general linear model and mixed linear model across two years, with percent phenotypic variation explained larger than 10%. Twenty nine favorable alleles for GSI on the 17 loci were discovered with phenotypic effect value (PEV) larger than 0.1 cm/cm and RM6869-110 bp showed the largest PEV (0.27 cm/cm). Based on PEV of marker-alleles having positive effects on GSI, seven parental combinations were predicted to improve GSI. In addition, 7 loci for GSI were co-located with loci associated with coleoptile elongation length per se, and one locus (RM1182 on chromosome 5) was co-located with that associated with coleoptile elongation length after gibberellin-soaked seed, under germination condition of 10 cm depth of water. These favorable allele(s) could be used to improve two target traits simultaneously.
The flow around a surface mounted cube: a characterization by time-resolved PIV, 3D Shake-The-Box and LBM simulation
Authors: Schröder A. , Willert C. , Schanz D. , Geisler R. , Jahn T. , Gallas Q. , Leclaire B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The flow around a surface mounted cube with incoming turbulent or laminar boundary layer has been topic of many experimental and numerical investigations in the past decades. Despite its simple geometry the flow generates a set of complex vortical structures in front and around the cube, includes flow separation at the three front plane edges with corresponding subsequent shear layer dynamics enveloping recirculation zones. Downstream of the cube a large unsteady flow separation region is present which is associated with typical quasi-periodic bluff-body wake dynamics. Therefore the flow configuration is well suited to enhance the understanding of similar unsteady and separated flow phenomena in many aerodynamic and engineering applications. In the present experimental investigation we aim at resolving a large spectrum of spatial and temporal scales in the flow around a cube with incoming laminar and turbulent boundary layers by using the most recent developments of dense 3D Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) and high resolution TR-PIV for Reynolds numbers based on cube size in the range $$\text {Re}_H = U_\infty \,H\,\nu ^{-1} = 2000 - 8000$$

Re
H

=

U
∞

H

ν

-
1

=
2000
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8000

. The results documented in the present paper consist of snapshots and the analysis of long time-series of highly resolved 3D and 2D velocity fields suited to enhance the understanding of coherent structure dynamics and of corresponding statistical Lagrangian and Eulerian flow properties. Premultiplied velocity spectra and 3D pressure distributions are calculated and discussed as well. Finally, the measurement data is compared to results obtained with a simulation based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM).

Graphic abstract
The Triangle Groups (2, 4, 5) and (2, 5, 5) are not Systolic
Authors: Karrer Annette , Schwer Petra , Struyve Koen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper we provide new examples of hyperbolic but nonsystolic groups by showing that the triangle groups (2, 4, 5) and (2, 5, 5) are not systolic. Along the way we prove some results about subsets of systolic complexes stable under involutions.