bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Mortality With Delayed and Missed Switch to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa
Authors: Bell Gorrod Helen , Court Richard , Schomaker Michael , Maartens Gary , Murphy Richard A. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
After failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the public sector, delayed or missed second-line ART switch is linked with poor outcomes in patients with advanced HIV.

Setting:
We investigated delayed or missed second-line ART switch after confirmed virologic failure in the largest private sector HIV cohort in Africa.

Methods:
We included HIV-infected adults with confirmed virologic failure after 6 months of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-based ART. We estimated the effect of timing of switch on the hazard of death using inverse probability of treatment weighting of marginal structural models. We adjusted for time-dependent confounding of CD4 count, viral load, and visit frequency.

Results:
Five thousand seven hundred forty-eight patients (53% female) with confirmed virologic failure met inclusion criteria; the median age was 40 [interquartile range (IQR): 35–47], advanced HIV was present in 48% and the prior duration of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-based ART was 1083 days (IQR: 665–1770). Median time to confirmation of virologic failure and to second-line switch was 196 (IQR: 136–316) and 220 days (IQR: 65–542), respectively. Switching to second-line ART after confirmed failure compared with remaining on first-line ART reduced risk of subsequent death [adjusted hazard ratio: 0.47 (95% confidence interval: 0.36 to 0.63)]. Compared with patients who experienced delayed switch, those switched immediately had a lower risk of death, regardless of CD4 cell count.

Conclusions:
Delayed or missed switch to second-line ART after confirmed first-line ART failure is common in the South African private sector and associated with mortality. Novel interventions to minimize switch delay should be tested and not limited to those with advanced disease at treatment failure.
Quality of conflict management in construction project context
Authors: Zhu Fangwei , Wang Linzhuo , Yu Miao , Yang Xiaotian 
Published: February 2020

PurposeA growing number of studies have become focused on managing conflict more effectively and comprehensively in the construction industry. However, little research has aimed to operationalize all the facets related to the quality of conflict management that are necessary in governing conflict management. The purpose of this article is to propose a new model measuring the quality of conflict management in a construction project context that is not only inclusive but also practical.Design/methodology/approachTo address this research gap, the authors used the measurement theory to investigate a series of studies, and then, developed a scale to operationalize the concept of quality of conflict management in a project context.FindingsThe findings show five dimensions to the quality of conflict management: satisfactory resolution outcome, integrated resolution process, conflict prevention, fairness perception, and post-conflict effect.Originality/valueThe research findings contribute to conflict management theory by providing the conceptualization and operationalization of conflict management quality. Practitioners will benefit from this article by understanding effective and efficient ways of managing conflicts in construction projects.
Habitat selection of an old‐growth forest specialist in managed forests
Authors: Ettwein A. , Korner P. , Lanz M. , Lachat T. , Kokko H. , Pasinelli G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOld‐growth forest specialists are among the species most affected by commercial forestry. However, it is often unclear whether such species can persist and what their habitat needs are in managed forests. We investigated habitat selection of one such old‐growth forest specialist, the white‐backed woodpeckerDendrocopos leucotos, a species highly dependent on dead wood and typically found in primeval forests. Our aim was to understand factors affecting occupancy probability in managed forests in Central Europe, based on detection/non‐detection data in 62 squares of 1 km2in 2015 and 2016. We used occupancy models to comparea prioriexpectations about the relationships between occupancy and habitat characteristics at two spatial scales while accounting for imperfect detection. Occupancy was best explained by a proxy for food availability at a large (1 km2) scale and increased with the abundance of emergence holes produced by saproxylic beetles on standing and lying dead wood. Furthermore, occupancy was positively related to the mean diameter at breast height of live trees and standing dead wood at a small scale (0.25 km2with high amounts of dead wood). Detection probability was negatively related to time of day, date and number of accessible survey points, and positively related to the number of observers. Our results demonstrate that detailed knowledge about a species’ foraging ecology is important for its effective conservation as surrogate criteria such as dead wood availability might not reflect the key factors required. For white‐backed woodpeckers, it is important that the available dead wood is sufficiently colonized by saproxylic beetles, and for the conservation of the species, the habitat requirements of saproxylic beetles thus have to be taken into account as well.
Impact of epicardial adipose tissue and catheter ablation strategy on biophysical parameters and ablation lesion characteristics
Authors: Zipse Matthew M. , Edward Justin A. , Zheng Lijun , Tzou Wendy S. , Borne Ryan T. , Sauer William H. , Nguyen Duy T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpicardial adipose (EA) tissue may limit effective radiofrequency ablation (RFA).ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the lesion formation of different ablation strategies on ventricular myocardium with overlying EA.MethodsBovine myocardium with EA was placed in a circulating saline bath in an ex vivo model. Open‐irrigated (OI) RFA was performed, parallel to the myocardium, over fat at 50 W for variable RF durations, variable contact force, catheter configurations (unipolar RF vs bipolar RF), and catheter irrigants (normal saline vs half‐normal saline). Ablation was also performed with a needle‐tipped ablation catheter (NTAC), perpendicular to the myocardium.ResultsIncreasingly thick EA attenuated lesion size regardless of ablation strategy.RF applied with longer durations and increasing CF produced larger lesion volumes and deeper lesions with ablation over EA more than 3 mm but was unable to produce measurable lesions when EA less than 3 mm. Similarly, ablation with half normal saline irrigant created slightly deeper lesions than bipolar RF and unipolar RF with normal saline as EA thickness increased, but was unable to produce measurable lesions when EA more than 3 mm. Of all ablation strategies, only NTAC produced effective lesion volumes when ablating over thick (>3 mm) EA.ConclusionsWhile EA attenuates lesion depth and size, relatively larger, and deeper lesions can be achieved with longer RFA duration, higher CF, half normal saline irrigant, and, to a greater extent, by utilizing bipolar RF or NTAC, but only over thin adipose (<3 mm). Of those catheters/strategies tested, only NTAC was able to effectively deliver RF over thick (>3 mm) EA with this model.
Effects of microalgal diet on the population growth and fecundity of the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana
Authors: Dayras Paul , Bialais Capucine , Lee Jae‐Seong , Souissi Sami 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of seven microalgal diets, including single‐species diets of Rhodomonas salina (R), Tisochrysis lutea (T), and Pavlova lutheri (P), two‐species diets (R + T, T + P, and R + P), and a three‐species diet (R + T + P), on the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana growth, stage composition, and ovigerous female size and fecundity. Experiments were conducted in 10‐L beakers starting with nauplii from a 300‐L culture population. After 15 days of feeding, the R + T diet induced the greatest total population growth, particularly for copepodites and all female stages (preadult females, females, and ovigerous females). The R diet followed by R + T also generated the greatest individual size and clutch sizes in ovigerous females. Overall results show that the diets leading to the highest total population growth and clutch sizes in P. nana included R. salina. Conversely, P. lutheri was not a very effective microalga to enhance P. nana productivity in culture. Current results are the first to show that R. salina is a suitable microalga for production of P. nana for use as live food for marine fish larval aquaculture.
Management strategies to minimize the use of synthetic chemical acaricides in the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888) in an area highly favourable for its development in Argentina
Authors: Nava S. , Rossner M. V. , Torrents J. , Morel N. , Martinez N. C. , Mangold A. J. , Guglielmone A. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to test the efficacy of winter–spring control strategies against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in an area highly favourable for its development in Argentina. Control schemes using three or four annual applications of synthetic acaricides were evaluated. Furthermore, the dynamics of the non‐parasitic phases of R. microplus were analysed to provide a framework for the application of pasture spelling as a tool for tick control. The treatment schemes provided appropriate levels of efficacy against R. microplus and also prevented the occurrence of the major peak in abundance of this tick in autumn. A significant overall effect against R. microplus can be achieved when the control strategies tested in this study are applied within the area most ecologically favourable for this tick in Argentina. Analysis of the dynamics of the non‐parasitic phase of R. microplus indicates that the spelling period required to achieve a significant reduction of larvae in pastures fluctuates between 12 and 17 weeks if spelling is initiated in spring or early summer, but between 20 and 28 weeks if spelling is started in late summer, autumn or winter.
Subchondral lucencies of the proximal tibia in 17 horses
Authors: Santschi Elizabeth M. , Whitman Jeremy L. , Prichard Michael A. , Lopes Marco A. F. , Pigott John H. , Brokken Matthew T. , Jenson Paul W. , Johnson Christopher R. , Morrow Chris , Brusie Robert W. , Juzwiak James S. , Morehead James P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe subchondral lucencies (SCL) in the equine proximal tibia, several treatment options, and clinical outcomes.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsSeventeen horses with proximal tibial SCL.MethodsMedical record and radiograph review. Follow‐up was obtained via examination and radiography when possible and by telephone and race records when required. The median duration of follow‐up was 20 months (range, 0–48).ResultsProximal tibial SCL were associated with lameness in 14 of 17 horses. Subchondral lucencies were primary in 11 horses and secondary to an ipsilateral medial femoral condyle SCL in six horses. One foal with a primary SCL was euthanized because of osteomyelitis. Six horses ≤1 year old with primary SCL were managed with exercise restrictions only; SCL in three horses without lameness decreased in size, whereas three horses with lameness did not improve. One young horse treated with surgical debridement failed to improve and was euthanized. Lameness resolved in three horses with primary tibial SCL treated with screw fixation. Screw fixation of secondary SCL in five horses led to a reduction in SCL size and degree of lameness.ConclusionPrimary tibial SCL healed with rest in 3 non‐lame young horses with small SCL, but was not successful in lame horses with larger SC. Radiographic size and associated lameness improved or resolved with screw fixation in primary and secondary proximal tibial SCL.Clinical significancePrimary tibial SCL that did not cause lameness healed with conservative management, but persistent primary and secondary tibial SCL required screw fixation to reduce lameness.
Prognostic value of kallikrein-related peptidase 12 (KLK12) mRNA expression in triple-negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Gong Weiwei , Liu Yueyang , Preis Sarah , Geng Xiaocong , Petit-Courty Agnes , Kiechle Marion , Muckenhuber Alexander , Dreyer Tobias , Dorn Julia , Courty Yves , Magdolen Viktor 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The serine protease KLK12 belongs to the human fifteen-member family of kallikrein-related peptidases. Differential expression accompanied by either increased or decreased enzymatic activity has been linked to several diseases including cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a very aggressive subgroup of breast cancer with high tumor recurrence rates and poor patient prognosis. Here, we quantified the KLK12 mRNA expression levels in tumor tissue of TNBC patients and analyzed their prognostic value.

Methods
In the present study, KLK12 mRNA expression in tumor tissue of TNBC patients (n = 116) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR assay. The association of KLK12 mRNA levels with clinical parameters, and patients’ outcome was analyzed using Chi-square tests, Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Results
Positive, but low KLK12 mRNA levels were detected in about half of the cases (54 out of 116; 47%), the other samples were negative for KLK12 mRNA expression. No significant association was observed between KLK12 mRNA levels and clinicopathological variables (age, lymph node status, tumor size, and histological grade). In univariate Cox analyses, positive KLK12 mRNA expression was significantly associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.19–3.78, p = 0.010) as well as overall survival (OS; HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.04–3.50, p = 0.037). In multivariable Cox analysis, including all clinical parameters plus KLK12 mRNA, the latter - together with age - remained an independent unfavorable predictive marker for DFS (HR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.28–4.24, p = 0.006) and showed a trend towards significance in case of OS (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 0.96–3.38, p = 0.066).

Conclusions
Positive KLK12 expression is remarkably associated with shortened DFS and OS, suggesting that KLK12 plays a tumor-supporting role in TNBC.
Recognition of Spatial Distribution of CNT and Graphene in Hybrid Structure by Mapping with Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Microscopy
Authors: Paddubskaya Alesia , Rutkauskas Danielis , Karpicz Renata , Dovbeshko Galina , Nebogatikova Nadezhda , Antonova Irina , Dementjev Andrej 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe shape of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectral line depends on the ratio of the vibrational and electronic contributions to the third-order susceptibility of the material. The G-mode (1590 cm−1) of graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibits opposite features in the CARS spectrum, showing “dip” and “peak,” respectively. Here, we consider the CARS spectra of graphene and carbon nanotubes in terms of Fano formalism describing the line shapes of CARS resonances. We show that imaging at only 1590 cm−1 is not sufficient to separate the constituents of a composite material consisting of both graphene and CNTs. We propose an algorithm to map the graphene and CNTs in a composite material.
Computed tomography evaluation of extensive intravenous angioleiomyoma: a case report
Authors: Sun Rui , Guan Hongwei , Li Hui , Bai Yixuan , Wang Fei , Li Changzhong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Uterine angioleiomyoma is a rare variant of leiomyoma, and the main therapy is complete surgery. This study introduces the benefit of three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction for preoperative preparation.

Case presentation
A 50-year-old woman presented because of chest distress after activity, with worsening symptoms. After examination, the final diagnosis was uterine angioleiomyoma. The tumour originated in the uterus; grew into the right iliac vein; coursed along the iliac vein, inferior vena cava, and right atrium; and finally invaded the right ventricle. To best complete the surgery, a multidisciplinary surgery was selected. Before the surgery, a three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction model was created to assess the tumour status, and this model enabled the surgery to be completed successfully.

Conclusion
Three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction is of great significance for the preoperative diagnosis of uterine angioleiomyoma and the formulation of surgical treatment plans. Based on its vivid images, surgeons can perform operations more effectively and safely.
Differences in medical specialist utilization among older people in need of long-term care – results from German health claims data
Authors: Schulz Maike , Czwikla Jonas , Tsiasioti Chrysanthi , Schwinger Antje , Gand Daniel , Schmiemann Guido , Schmidt Annika , Wolf-Ostermann Karin , Kloep Stephan , Heinze Franziska , Rothgang Heinz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundElderly in need of long-term care tend to have worse health and have higher need of medical care than elderly without need for long-term care. Yet, characteristics associated with long-term care need can impede health care access: Higher levels of long-term care need come with physical and cognitive decline such as frailty and memory loss. Yet, it has not been investigated whether level of long-term care need is related to medical care utilization.MethodsWe investigated the association between the level of long-term care and medical specialist utilization among nursing home residents and home care recipients. We applied zero-inflated Poisson regression with robust standard errors based on a sample of statutory health insurance members. The sample consisted of 100.000 elderly over age 60. We controlled for age, gender, morbidity and mortality, residential density, and general practitioner utilization.ResultsWe found a strong gradient effect of the level of long-term care for 9 out of 12 medical specialties: A higher level of long-term care need was associated with a lower probability of having a medical specialist visit. Yet, we did not find clear effects of the level of long-term care need on the intensity of medical specialist care. These findings were similar for both the nursing home and home care setting.ConclusionThe findings indicate that inequalities in medical specialist utilization exist between elderly with differing levels of long-term care need because differences in morbidity were controlled for. Elderly with higher need of long-term care might face more access barriers to specialist medical care.
Psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale among Hospital Serdang type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using exploratory factor analysis
Authors: Ching Siew Mooi , Yee Anne , Lee Ping Yein , Ramachandran Vasudevan , Shum Khai Mun , Ismael Nur Fati’Izzati , Wan Sulaiman Wan Aliaa , Hoo Fan Kee , Foo Yoke Loong , Lee Kai Wei , Danaee Mahmoud , Tan Kit-Aun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
This study was initiated to examine the psychometric components of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES) by translating and validating the scale into the Malay language (DES-M) which is the main language spoken in Malaysia. This study can determine the level of empowerment among diabetic patients towards diabetes management. In addition, the reliability and validity of the DES-M was also demonstrated.

Methods
A total of 151 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited (between June 2016 and October 2016) to complete sets of questionnaires, which were DES-M, the Malay versions of the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) for Adults and Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities Questionnaire (SDSCA). Confirmatory and Exploratory factor analysis (CFA and EFA) were carried out to determine the factor structures of the DES-M.

Results
There were 100 males and 51 females with ages ranging from 19 to 81 years old (55 ± 13) included in this study. The instrument displayed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α =0.920) and the respective coefficients ranged from 0.65–0.84. Discriminant validity showed adequate correlations ranged from 0.257–0.744. Concurrent validity with SDSCA (Pearson’s correlation = 0.313, p = 0.012). Predictive validity with DQOL (B = 0.27, p = 0.016). CFA indicated that four factor model of the DES-M has good fit to the data.

Conclusion
This study indicates that the DES-M has a good internal consistency and validity. Therefore, it is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing empowerment score among patients with diabetes in Malaysia.

Trial registration
NMRR-16-805-30503 (IIR).
Comparison between covert sound-production task (sound-imagery) vs. motor-imagery for onset detection in real-life online self-paced BCIs
Authors: Song Youngjae , Sepulveda Francisco 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Even though the BCI field has quickly grown in the last few years, it is still mainly investigated as a research area. Increased practicality and usability are required to move BCIs to the real-world. Self-paced (SP) systems would reduce the problem but there is still the big challenge of what is known as the ‘onset detection problem’.

Methods
Our previous studies showed how a new sound-imagery (SI) task, high-tone covert sound production, is very effective for onset detection scenarios and we expect there are several advantages over most common asynchronous approaches used thus far, i.e., motor-imagery (MI): 1) Intuitiveness; 2) benefits to people with motor disabilities and, especially, those with lesions on cortical motor areas; and 3) no significant overlap with other common, spontaneous cognitive states, making it easier to use in daily-life situations. The approach was compared with MI tasks in online real-life scenarios, i.e., during activities such as watching videos and reading text. In our scenario, when a new message prompt from a messenger program appeared on the screen, participants watching a video (or reading text, browsing images) were asked to open the message by executing the SI or MI tasks, respectively, for each experimental condition.

Results
The results showed the SI task performed statistically significantly better than the MI approach: 84.04% (SI) vs 66.79 (MI) True-False positive rate for the sliding image scenario, 80.84% vs 61.07% for watching video. The classification performance difference between SI and MI was found not to be significant in the text-reading scenario. Furthermore, the onset response speed showed SI (4.08 s) being significantly faster than MI (5.46 s). In terms of basic usability, 75% of subjects found SI easier to use.

Conclusions
Our novel SI task outperforms typical MI for SP onset detection BCIs, therefore it would be more easily used in daily-life situations. This could be a significant step forward for the BCI field which has so far been mainly restricted to research-oriented indoor laboratory settings.