bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advertising, Attention, and Financial Markets
Authors: Focke Florens , Ruenzi Stefan , Ungeheuer Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing daily advertising data, we analyze the short-term effects of advertising on investor attention and on financial market outcomes. Based on various investor attention proxies, we show that advertising positively affects attention. However, it has only little impact on turnover and liquidity. Most importantly, short-term stock returns are not significantly influenced by advertising. Further results suggest that previous findings of an economically significant positive relation between advertising and returns are due to reverse causality. Thus, the belief that stock prices can be temporarily inflated via advertising is misguided.
False positives in the ultrasound diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: some diseases can also show the halo sign
Authors: Fernández-Fernández Elisa , Monjo-Henry Irene , Bonilla Gema , Plasencia Chamaida , Miranda-Carús María-Eugenia , Balsa Alejandro , De Miguel Eugenio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the frequency and causes for the presence of a halo sign on the ultrasound of patients without a diagnosis of GCA.

Methods
In total, 305 patients with temporal artery colour Doppler ultrasound showing the presence of halo sign (intima-media thickness ≥0.34 mm for temporal arteries [TAs] and ≥1 mm for axillary arteries) were included, and their medical records were reviewed. The clinical diagnosis based on the evolution of the patient over at least one year was established as the definitive diagnosis.

Results
Fourteen of the 305 (4.6%) patients included showed presence of the halo sign without final diagnosis of GCA: 12 patients in the TAs (86%), and two patients with isolated AAs involvement (14%). Their diagnoses were PMR (n = 4, 29%); atherosclerosis (n = 3, 21%); and non-Hodgkin lymphoma type T, osteomyelitis of the skull base, primary amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, neurosyphilis, urinary sepsis and narrow-angle glaucoma (n = 1 each, 7%).

Conclusion
The percentage of halo signs on the ultrasound of patients without GCA is low, but it does exist. There are conditions that may also show the halo sign (true positive halo sign), and we must know these and always correlate the ultrasound findings with the patient’s clinic records.
Warm-season annual forages in forage-finishing beef systems: II. Animal performance and carcass characteristics
Authors: Harmon Deidre D , Hancock Dennis W , Stewart R Lawton , Lacey Jenna L , Mckee Robert W , Hale John D , Thomas Chevise L , Ford Elyse , Segers Jacob R , Teutsch Chris D , Stelzleni Alexander M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
More information on expected animal performance and carcass traits of forage-finished steers grazing warm-season annual forages is needed. To achieve this objective, a grazing trial was conducted in 2014, 2015, and 2016 (70, 63, and 56 d, respectively), with variation in length of grazing based on forage availability. Sixteen pastures (0.81 ha) were assigned to 1 of 4 forage treatments in a randomized complete block design. Forage treatments were brown midrib sorghum × sudangrass (BMR; Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor*bicolor var. sudanense), sorghum × sudangrass (SS), pearl millet [PM; Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br.], or pearl millet planted with crabgrass [PMCG; Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. Each year, British-cross beef steers (n = 32; 3 y average: 429 ± 22 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to 1 of the 16 pastures for forage finishing. Each pasture was subdivided into two 0.405-ha paddocks for rotational stocking and a put-and-take stocking method was used to maintain a forage allowance of 116 kg forage dry matter/100 kg body weight (BW). Shrunk body weight and ultrasonically measured carcass composition were recorded at the initiation, middle, and end of each grazing season. Steers were harvested once forage availability became limited and chilled carcasses (24 h) were evaluated for yield grade and quality grade attributes. Statistical analysis was conducted using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) with main effects of treatment, year, and the interaction. Pasture and block were considered random effects while date was assessed as a main effect when applicable. Daily stocking densities were greater (P &lt; 0.04) for SS than PMCG in the first 20 d of 2014 and 2015. Forage treatment did not affect (P &gt; 0.17) total gain, total average daily gain, or body weight at any time point. Ultrasound composition traits of loin muscle area, 12th rib fat thickness, intramuscular fat, and rump fat were impacted (P &lt; 0.01) by scanning date. No differences (P &gt; 0.08) in forage treatments were observed for carcass characteristics associated with yield grade or quality grade. The findings suggest that forage-finished cattle during the summer months on BMR, SS, PM, and PMCG perform similarly, giving producers the option to use the most economical or practical forage type for their production system.
Rutaecarpine derivative R3 attenuates atherosclerosis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome‐related inflammation and modulating cholesterol transport
Authors: Luo Jinque , Wang Xiao , Jiang Xinhai , Liu Chao , Li Yongzhen , Han Xiaowan , Zuo Xuan , Li Yining , Li Ni , Xu Yanni , Si Shuyi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by lipid deposition and inflammatory response. NOD‐, LRR‐ and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome‐facilitated inflammatory responses are crucial in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and thus new therapeutic approaches are emerging that target NLRP3 and inflammation. Here, we explored the anti‐atherosclerotic effect and mechanisms of a new rutaecarpine derivative, 5‐deoxy‐rutaecarpine (R3) in vitro and in vivo. R3 treatment attenuated atherosclerosis development and increased plaque stability in Apoe−/− mice fed a high‐fat diet, and decreased levels of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin‐1β, in the serum of Apoe−/− mice and in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐stimulated murine macrophages. R3 treatment inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the livers of Apoe−/− mice and ox‐LDL‐stimulated murine macrophages by inhibiting NF‐κB and MAPK pathways. Additionally, R3 significantly decreased total cholesterol in the serum and livers of Apoe−/− mice and promoted cholesterol efflux in murine macrophages through upregulating protein expression of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily A member 1 and scavenger receptor class B type I/human CD36 and lysosomal integral membrane protein‐II analogous‐1. Our results demonstrated that R3 prevented atherosclerotic progression via attenuating NLRP3 inflammasome‐related inflammation and modulating cholesterol transport.
Subcellular trafficking of tubular MDM2 implicates in acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition during multiple low‐dose cisplatin exposure
Authors: Su Hua , Ye Chen , Lei Chun‐Tao , Tang Hui , Zeng Jie‐Yu , Yi Fan , Zhang Chun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is the leading cause of renal failure, and quite a few patients will advance to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the long term. Here, we explore the roles and mechanisms of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) during repeated cisplatin (CP) induced AKI to CKD transition (AKI‐CKD). Previously, we reported that murine double minute 2 (MDM2), an E3‐ubiquitin ligase, is involved in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, whether tubular MDM2 is implicated in AKI‐CKD is undefined. Currently, we confirmed that during AKI‐CKD, MDM2 shifts from nucleus to cell membrane in TECs both in vivo and in vitro. Whereas regulating MDM2 distribution chemically or genetically has a prominent impact on tubular disorders. And then we investigated the mechanisms of the above findings. First, in the nucleus, repeated CP administration leads to MDM2 reduction with escalated p53 and cell cycle G2/M arrest. On the other hand, multiple CP treatment increases the level of membranous MDM2 with ensuing integrin β8 degradation and TGF‐β1 activation. More interestingly, anchoring MDM2 on cell membranes can mimic the reduction of integrin β8 arousing by repeated CP exposure. Collectively, our findings provided the evidence that tubular MDM2 subcellular shuttling is involved in AKI‐CKD through p53‐G2/M arrest and integrin β8 mediated TGF‐β1 activation.
Cardiolipin is essential for early embryonic viability and mitochondrial integrity of neurons in mammals
Authors: Kasahara Takaoki , Kubota‐Sakashita Mie , Nagatsuka Yasuko , Hirabayashi Yoshio , Hanasaka Tomohito , Tohyama Koujiro , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCardiolipin (CL) is a hallmark phospholipid of mitochondria and plays a significant role in maintaining the mitochondrial structure and functions. Despite the physiological importance of CL, mutant organisms, yeast, Arabidopsis, C elegans, and Drosophila, which lack CL synthase (Crls1) gene and consequently are deprived of CL, are viable. Here we report conditional Crls1‐deficient mice using targeted insertion of loxP sequences flanking the functional domain of CRLS1 enzyme. Homozygous null mutant mice exhibited early embryonic lethality at the peri‐implantation stage. We generated neuron‐specific Crls1 knockout (cKO) mice by crossing with Camk2α‐Cre mice. Neuronal loss and gliosis were gradually manifested in the forebrains, where CL levels were significantly decreased. In the surviving neurons, malformed mitochondria with bubble‐like or onion‐like inner membrane structures were observed. We showed decreased supercomplex assembly and reduced enzymatic activities of electron transport chain complexes in the forebrain of cKO mice, resulting in affected mitochondrial calcium dynamics, a slower rate of Ca2+ uptake and a smaller calcium retention capacity. These observations clearly demonstrate indispensable roles of CL as well as of Crls1 gene in mammals.
Interactions between non‐structured domains of FG‐ and non‐FG‐nucleoporins coordinate the ordered assembly of the nuclear pore complex in mitosis
Authors: Konishi Hide A. , Yoshimura Shige H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examined how channel‐forming subunits of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) are assembled into a selective channel within a highly structured scaffold ring during postmitotic assembly. We focused on non‐structured domains of the scaffold Nups and performed in vitro self‐assembled particle assays with those derived from channel‐forming FG‐Nups. We found that non‐structured domains of ELYS and Nup35N interacted with channel‐forming FG‐Nups to form a self‐assembled particle. Sequential addition of FG‐Nups into the scaffold particle revealed that ELYS, which initiates postmitotic NPC reassembly, interacts with early assembling FG‐Nups (Nups98 and 153) but not middle stage‐assembling FG‐Nups (Nups58 and 62). Nup35, which assembles between the early and middle stages, facilitated the assembly of Nup62 into the early assembling Nups both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that ELYS and Nup35 have a role of facilitator in the ordered assembly of channel‐forming FG‐Nups during mitosis.
Neutrophil recruitment and function in endometriosis patients and a syngeneic murine model
Authors: Symons Lindsey K. , Miller Jessica E. , Tyryshkin Kathrin , Monsanto Stephany P. , Marks Ryan M. , Lingegowda Harshavardhan , Vanderbeck Kaitlin , Childs Timothy , Young Steven L. , Lessey Bruce A. , Koti Madhuri , Tayade Chandrakant 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEndometriosis is a chronic inflammatory, gynecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial‐like tissue lesions outside of the uterus. Neutrophils are elevated in the systemic circulation and peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients; however, whether and how neutrophils contribute to endometriosis pathophysiology remain poorly understood. With emerging roles for neutrophils in chronic and sterile inflammatory conditions, we sought to provide in‐depth characterization of neutrophil involvement in endometriosis. We demonstrate that neutrophils reside within patient endometriotic lesions and that patient lesions possess a microenvironment that may influence neutrophil recruitment and function. We also provide the first evidence that systemic circulating neutrophils from endometriosis patients display distinct transcriptomic differences compared neutrophils from healthy control subjects. Time course characterization of our syngeneic, immunocompetent mouse model of endometriosis revealed that neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the peritoneal environment early after endometriotic lesion establishment and remain present in murine lesions long term. In vivo neutrophil depletion altered the systemic and peritoneal immune microenvironment of mice with endometriosis as demonstrated by changes in pro‐inflammatory and angiogenic mediators. Taken together, these findings highlight a novel role for neutrophils in early events such as angiogenesis and modulation of the local inflammatory environment associated with endometriosis pathogenesis.
International Policy Frameworks for Consent in Minimal-risk Pragmatic Trials
Authors: Symons Tanya J. , Zeps Nikolajs , Myles Paul S. , Morris Jonathan M. , Sessler Daniel I. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There is intense debate around the use of altered and waived consent for pragmatic trials. Those in favor argue that traditional consent compromises the internal and external validity of these trials. Those against, warn that the resultant loss of autonomy compromises respect for persons and could undermine trust in the research enterprise.
This article examines whether international ethical guidelines and the policy frameworks in three countries—the United States, England, and Australia—permit altered and waived consent for minimal-risk pragmatic trials conducted outside the emergency setting. Provisions for both are clearly articulated in U.S. regulations, but many countries do not have equivalent frameworks. Investigators should not assume that all consent models permitted in the United States are legal in their jurisdictions, even if they are deemed ethically defensible.
The authors summarize ethical and regulatory considerations and present a framework for investigators contemplating trials with altered or waived consent.
Rare Case of Lipomatous Mixed Tumor With Follicular Differentiation
Authors: Doan Linda , Pham Christine , Elsensohn Ashley , Kraus Christina , Binder Scott 
Published: December 2019

Abstract:
Cutaneous mixed tumors are adnexal neoplasms characterized by a mixture of epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal components of varying proportions. The diagnosis may be of little challenge when chondroid or myxoid components are dominant. However, there are variants of the cutaneous mixed tumor where more uncommon features predominate, making the diagnosis more challenging. Here, we present a case of a rare variant of the cutaneous mixed tumor with extensive adipocytic and follicular differentiation. This is the second case of such a tumor reported to literature to our knowledge.
Stage 1 hypertension by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guidelines and risk of cardiovascular disease events: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population etiologic fraction of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Han Minghui , Chen Qing , Liu Leilei , Li Quanman , Ren Yongcheng , Zhao Yang , Liu Dechen , Zhang Dongdong , Liu Feiyan , Chen Xu , Cheng Cheng , Guo Chunmei , Zhou Qionggui , Tian Gang , Qie Ranran , Huang Shengbing , Wu Xiaoyan , Liu Yu , Li Honghui , Sun Xizhuo , Lu Jie , Hu Dongsheng , Zhang Ming 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Epidemiological studies reported an inconsistent association between stage 1 hypertension (SBP 130–139 mmHg or DBP 80–89 mmHg) defined by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guidelines and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. In addition, the proportion of CVD events that could be prevented with effective control of stage 1 hypertension is unknown.

Objectives:
To assess the association between stage 1 hypertension and CVD events and estimate the population etiologic fraction.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from 1 January 2017 to 22 September 2019. Normal BP was considered SBP less than 120 mmHg and DBP less than 80 mmHg. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled by using a random-effects model.

Results:
We included 11 articles (16 studies including 3 212 447 participants and 65 945 events) in the analysis. Risk of CVD events was increased with stage 1 hypertension versus normal BP (hazard ratio 1.38, 95% CI 1.28–1.49). On subgroup analyses, stage 1 hypertension was associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) (hazard ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.20–1.41), stroke (1.39, 1.27–1.52), CVD morbidity (1.42, 1.32–1.53), and CVD mortality (1.34, 1.05–1.71). The population etiologic fraction for the association of CVD events, CHD, stroke, CVD morbidity, and CVD mortality with stage 1 hypertension was 12.90, 10.48, 12.71, 14.03, and 11.69%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Stage 1 hypertension is associated with CVD events, CVD morbidity, CVD mortality, CHD, and stroke. Effective control of stage 1 hypertension could prevent more than 10% of CVD events.
Natural Killer Cell Hypo-responsiveness in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia can be Circumvented In Vitro by Adequate Activating Signaling
Authors: Hofland Tom , Endstra Sanne , Gomes Calum K.P. , de Boer Renate , de Weerdt Iris , Bobkov Vladimir , Riedl Jurgen A. , Heukers Raimond , Smit Martine J. , Eldering Eric , Levin Mark-David , Kater Arnon P. , Tonino Sanne H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by an acquired immune dysfunction, which may underlie the hampered efficacy of cellular immunotherapy. Most data on dampened immune responses in CLL come from studies investigating CLL and T cell interactions. Natural killer (NK) cells may be an attractive alternative source of effector cells in immunotherapy in CLL, provided that functionality is retained within the CLL micro-environment. Despite their important role in anti-tumor responses, NK cells are not extensively characterized in CLL. Here, we studied the expression of activating and inhibitory receptors on CLL-derived and healthy control (HC) NK cells, and their functional response towards several stimuli.
NK cells from CLL patients have an increased maturation stage, with an expansion of NKG2C+ NK cells in CMV seropositive individuals. The cytotoxicity receptor NKG2D is downregulated, and the killing capacity through this receptor was markedly reduced in CLL-derived NK cells. In contrast, activation via CD16 (FCγRIII) led to adequate activation and functional responses in CLL-derived NK cells. These findings indicate that NK cells in CLL are not intrinsically defect and still perform effector functions upon adequate activating signaling. Clinical relevance of this finding was shown by treatment with novel nanobody-Fc constructs, which induced cytotoxic responses in both CLL- and HC-derived NK cells via CD16. Our results show that NK cells, in contrast to the T cell compartment, retain their function within the CLL micro-environment, provided that they receive an adequate activating signal. These findings warrant future studies on NK cell mediated immunotherapeutic strategies in CLL.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in a Hospital-Based Population in Central India
Authors: Chatterjee Samrat , Agrawal Deepshikha , Sharma Arpit 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To estimate the prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a hospital-based population in India.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study screened 3410 subjects ≥20 years or older attending the outpatient department by systematic random sampling. The patients were subjected to a comprehensive eye examination, Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, fluorescein tear film breakup time, Schirmer I test, lissamine green stain, lid margin changes, and meibomian gland expression. MGD was diagnosed when 1 or both of the following was present in at least 1 eye: reduced or absent meibum secretion and cloudy to inspissated toothpaste-like secretion on digital pressure over the eyelids.

Results:
The study included 570 subjects with a mean age of 49.3 ± 16.2 (20–84) years. MGD was diagnosed in 317 (55.61%) subjects, of whom 272 (47.7%) had only MGD and 45 (7.9%) had coexisting MGD and aqueous tear deficiency. The age-adjusted prevalence rate of MGD was 48.4% (95% confidence interval: 43.9–52.1). This rate increased significantly with age (P < 0.001) in both men (P < 0.001) and women (P < 0.001). The crude and age-adjusted prevalence of symptomatic MGD (Ocular Surface Disease Index score ≥13) was 26.1% (71/272) and 32.9% (95% confidence interval: 27.4–38.6), respectively. The prevalence of symptomatic MGD significantly declined with increasing age (P = 0.003), and this was reflected in both men (P = 0.013) and women (P = 0.179) but was not statistically significant in the latter.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of MGD was higher in Indian subjects than that previously reported. Although the total MGD prevalence increased with age, the prevalence of symptomatic MGD decreased. Asymptomatic MGD was more common than symptomatic MGD.
Functional and anatomical deficits in visceral nociception with age: a mechanism of silent appendicitis in the elderly?
Authors: Cibert-Goton Vincent , Kung Victor W.S. , McGuire Cian , Hockley James R.F. , Tranter Michael M. , Dogra Harween , Belai Abi , Blackshaw L. Ashley , Sanger Gareth J. , Knowles Charles H. , Araujo Eduardo J.A. , Winchester Wendy J. , Bulmer David C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The ability to sense visceral pain during appendicitis is diminished with age leading to delay in seeking health care and poorer clinical outcomes. To understand the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon, we examined visceral nociception in aged mouse and human tissue. Inflamed and noninflamed appendixes were collected from consenting patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of appendicitis or bowel cancer. Supernatants were generated by incubating samples in buffer and used to stimulate multiunit activity in intestinal preparations, or single-unit activity from teased fibres in colonic preparations, of young and old mice. Changes in afferent innervation with age were determined by measuring the density of calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive afferent fibres and by counting dorsal root ganglia back-labelled by injection of tracer dye into the wall of the colon. Finally, the effect of age on nociceptor function was studied in mouse and human colon. Afferent responses to appendicitis supernatants were greatly impaired in old mice. Further investigation revealed this was due to a marked reduction in the afferent innervation of the bowel and a substantial impairment in the ability of the remaining afferent fibres to transduce noxious stimuli. Translational studies in human tissue demonstrated a significant reduction in the multiunit but not the single-unit colonic mesenteric nerve response to capsaicin with age, indicative of a loss of nociceptor innervation. Our data demonstrate that anatomical and functional deficits in nociception occur with age, underpinning the atypical or silent presentation of appendicitis in the elderly.