bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation reactions on Ru-Fe electrocatalyst synthesized by a microwave-assisted synthesis
Authors: Su-Gallegos J , Magallón-Cacho L , Borja-Arco E , García-Valdés J , Sebastian P J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, the oxygen reduction reaction in the absence or presence of 2.0 mol l−1methanol and the hydrogen oxidation reaction are studied on RuFe electrocatalyst synthesized by a microwave thermal heating method in water as reaction medium. The electrocatalysts were morphologically and structurally typified by scanning electron microscopy and by x-ray diffraction, respectively. Three crystalline phases were found: Ru, Fe2O3and Fe(OH)3·(H2O)x(Bernalite). Functional tests were performed by convective (rotating disk electrode) and non-convective (linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry) electrochemical techniques in 0.5 mol l−1H2SO4. Both RuFe electrocatalysts show interesting electrochemical activities since they can carry out both the oxygen reduction reaction and the hydrogen oxidation reaction.
Identifying drug–target interactions based on graph convolutional network and deep neural network
Authors: Zhao Tianyi , Hu Yang , Valsdottir Linda R , Zang Tianyi , Peng Jiajie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Identification of new drug–target interactions (DTIs) is an important but a time-consuming and costly step in drug discovery. In recent years, to mitigate these drawbacks, researchers have sought to identify DTIs using computational approaches. However, most existing methods construct drug networks and target networks separately, and then predict novel DTIs based on known associations between the drugs and targets without accounting for associations between drug–protein pairs (DPPs). To incorporate the associations between DPPs into DTI modeling, we built a DPP network based on multiple drugs and proteins in which DPPs are the nodes and the associations between DPPs are the edges of the network. We then propose a novel learning-based framework, ‘graph convolutional network (GCN)-DTI’, for DTI identification. The model first uses a graph convolutional network to learn the features for each DPP. Second, using the feature representation as an input, it uses a deep neural network to predict the final label. The results of our analysis show that the proposed framework outperforms some state-of-the-art approaches by a large margin.
Validation of a noninvasive technique to quantify stress in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)
Authors: Mohlman Jessica L , Navara Kristen J , Sheriff Michael J , Terhune Theron M , Martin James A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExamination of the endocrine system through non-invasive fecal sampling may improve population management more than using demographic indicators alone. By addressing the physiological mechanisms that are influencing fitness, management actions can be proactively developed to alleviate stressors. Proactive determination of vulnerable populations is critical for species of concern, such as the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), which have suffered decades of population decline. We validated an assay to noninvasively measure the adrenocortical response of captive reared bobwhite through fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM). All individuals received three sequential 48-hour treatments in which samples were collected every 4 hours, including a reference period, an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge and a biological stressor (exposure to a hunting dog). Reference FCM values had a mean concentration of 16.75 pg/mg (95% CrI: 13.68, 19.91) with adrenocortical activity increasing by 73% for the duration of the ACTH challenge (29.00 pg/mg; CrI: 25.01, 33.78). FCM concentrations remained similar to that of the reference levels during the biological stressor (16.56 pg/mg; CrI: 13.33, 19.92). Our study validates the use of feces to detect changes in FCM levels in our subject species but also demonstrates the complexity of FCM and the importance of both physiological and biological validation prior to field implementation.
Temporal Trends in Surgical Resection Rates and Biologic Prescribing in Crohn’s Disease: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Jenkinson P W , Plevris N , Siakavellas S , Lyons M , Arnott I D , Wilson D , Watson A J M , Jones G-R , Lees C W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The use of biologic therapy for Crohn’s disease [CD] continues to evolve, however, the effect of this on the requirement for surgery remains unclear. We assessed changes in biologic prescription and surgery over time in a population-based cohort.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of all 1753 patients diagnosed with CD in Lothian, Scotland, between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017, reviewing the electronic health record of each patient to identify all CD-related surgery and biologic prescription. Cumulative probability and hazard ratios for surgery and biologic prescription from diagnosis were calculated and compared using the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis stratified by year of diagnosis into cohorts.

Results
The 5-year cumulative risk of surgery was 20.4% in cohort 1 [2000–2004],18.3% in cohort 2 [2005–2008], 14.7% in cohort 3 [2009–2013], and 13.0% in cohort 4 [2014–2017] p &lt;0.001. The 5-year cumulative risk of biologic prescription was 5.7% in cohort 1, 12.2% in cohort 2, 22.0% in cohort 3, and 44.9% in cohort 4 p &lt;0.001.

Conclusions
The increased and earlier use of biologic therapy in CD patients corresponded with a decreasing requirement for surgery over time within our cohort. This could mean that adopting a top-down or accelerated step-up treatment strategy may be effective at reducing the requirement for surgery in newly diagnosed CD.
The populist challenge to the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Petrov Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) from the perspective of the recent extraordinary wave of populism in Europe. It argues that populism poses a serious and distinctive challenge to the ECtHR since supranational judicial review is at odds with the populist ideology. What makes the populist challenge distinctive is the combination of the ideological basis of populism, its wide appeal and capacity to reach ordinary people, and populists’ tendency to remove limitations on their power. With respect to the last point, the article introduces a categorization of anti-court techniques and takes stock of the ECtHR’s institutional setting. It concludes that although the situation is not perfect—the budget and judicial selection are especially problematic—the ECtHR is rather well insulated from eventual attacks targeting its structural features or the judicial personnel. However, including the ECtHR in the “narrative of blame,” populism is very strong in another anti-court strategy—achieving gradual erosion of a court through delegitimization. That is particularly threatening for the ECtHR due to its vulnerability to legitimacy challenges manifested in the past decade. As a result, the populist challenge will likely require careful management of the ECtHR’s social legitimacy.
In vitro activity of sulbactam/durlobactam against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii collected in China
Authors: Yang Qiwen , Xu Yingchun , Jia Peiyao , Zhu Ying , Zhang Jingjia , Zhang Ge , Deng Jun , Hackel Meredith , Bradford Patricia A , Reinhart Harald 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDurlobactam is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of class A, C and D β-lactamases. Sulbactam is a generic β-lactam most commonly used as a β-lactamase inhibitor in combination with ampicillin; however, it has a unique property in that it has selective intrinsic activity against Acinetobacter baumannii. Currently, there is widespread resistance caused by multiple β-lactamases including class A carbapenemases and class C and class D enzymes. The addition of durlobactam to sulbactam restores in vitro activity against MDR A. baumannii that possess multiple β-lactamases.ObjectivesPreviously, susceptibility data for sulbactam/durlobactam were limited to isolates from patients in Western countries. This study was undertaken to determine the activity of sulbactam/durlobactam against A. baumannii isolated from patients in mainland China.MethodsNine hundred and eighty-two recent A. baumannii clinical isolates were collected from 22 sites across mainland China during 2016–18. The isolates were collected from lower respiratory tract, intra-abdominal, urinary tract and skin and skin structure infections. The in vitro activities of sulbactam/durlobactam and comparators were determined by broth microdilution.ResultsThe addition of durlobactam restored the activity of sulbactam against the majority of the strains tested. The MIC90 of sulbactam/durlobactam was 2 mg/L for all A. baumannii, compared with 64 mg/L for sulbactam alone. The MIC90 of sulbactam/durlobactam of 2 mg/L remained unchanged for 831 carbapenem-resistant isolates. Colistin was the only comparator with comparable activity (MIC90 = 1 mg/L).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the potential utility of sulbactam/durlobactam for the treatment of infections caused by A. baumannii in China.
The new International Classification of Diseases 11th edition: a comparative analysis with ICD-10 and ICD-10-CM
Authors: Fung Kin Wah , Xu , Julia , Bodenreider Olivier 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
To study the newly adopted International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD-11) and compare it to the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) and International Classification of Diseases 10th revision-Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM).

Materials and Methods
: Data files and maps were downloaded from the World Health Organization (WHO) website and through the application programming interfaces. A round trip method based on the WHO maps was used to identify equivalent codes between ICD-10 and ICD-11, which were validated by limited manual review. ICD-11 terms were mapped to ICD-10-CM through normalized lexical mapping. ICD-10-CM codes in 6 disease areas were also manually recoded in ICD-11.

Results
Excluding the chapters for traditional medicine, functioning assessment, and extension codes for postcoordination, ICD-11 has 14 622 leaf codes (codes that can be used in coding) compared to ICD-10 and ICD-10-CM, which has 10 607 and 71 932 leaf codes, respectively. We identified 4037 pairs of ICD-10 and ICD-11 codes that were equivalent (estimated accuracy of 96%) by our round trip method. Lexical matching between ICD-11 and ICD-10-CM identified 4059 pairs of possibly equivalent codes. Manual recoding showed that 60% of a sample of 388 ICD-10-CM codes could be fully represented in ICD-11 by precoordinated codes or postcoordination.

Conclusion
In ICD-11, there is a moderate increase in the number of codes over ICD-10. With postcoordination, it is possible to fully represent the meaning of a high proportion of ICD-10-CM codes, especially with the addition of a limited number of extension codes.
Assessment of the Nursing Quality Indicators for Reporting and Evaluation (NQuIRE) database using a data quality index
Authors: Naik Shanoja , Voong Stephanie , Bamford Megan , Smith Kyle , Joyce Angela , Grinspun Doris 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A comprehensive data quality assessment is necessary to expand a nursing database that is designed for evaluating the impact of implementing Best Practice Guidelines (BPG) developed by the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO). This case report presents a method to standardize data quality assessments of the Nursing Quality Indicators for Reporting and Evaluation (NQuIRE) database by developing a data quality framework (DQF) and assessing key dimensions of the framework using a data quality index (DQI). The data quality index is a single key performance metric for assessing the quality of the database. The aims of sharing this case report are 2-fold: (1) to promote best practices for assessing data quality by developing and implementing a data quality framework and (2) to demonstrate an unprecedented method of assessing the data quality of a nursing database.
Seeking Asylum in the Digital Era: Social-Media and Mobile-Device Vetting in Asylum Procedures in Five European countries
Authors: Bolhuis Maarten P , van Wijk Joris 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The increasing use of social media and mobile devices by asylum seekers offers new vetting opportunities for immigration authorities, to verify the identity or to assess national-security or 1F-exclusion aspects. Based on interviews with practitioners in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, the first experiences with both of these new methods seem to be mixed, while formal evaluations of the results seem to be lacking. We argue that the increasing reliance on these methods, in combination with the further advancement of technology, raises important questions about possible infringements on the right to private life, as well as the risk of function creep and social sorting. It can be questioned to what extent the use of these new vetting tools and methods is proportional to the results they produce and to what extent fundamental human rights, including privacy, are sufficiently safeguarded.
First-order swap structures semantics for some logics of formal inconsistency
Authors: Coniglio Marcelo E , Figallo-Orellano Aldo , Golzio Ana C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The logics of formal inconsistency (LFIs, for short) are paraconsistent logics (i.e. logics containing contradictory but non-trivial theories) having a consistency connective which allows to recover the ex falso quodlibet principle in a controlled way. The aim of this paper is considering a novel semantical approach to first-order LFIs based on Tarskian structures defined over swap structures, a special class of multialgebras. The proposed semantical framework generalizes previous approaches to quantified LFIs presented in the literature. The case of QmbC, the simpler quantified LFI expanding classical logic, will be analyzed in detail. An axiomatic extension of QmbC called $\textbf{QLFI1}_\circ $ is also studied, which is equivalent to the quantified version of da Costa and D’Ottaviano 3-valued logic J3. The semantical structures for this logic turn out to be Tarkian structures based on twist structures. The expansion of QmbC and $\textbf{QLFI1}_\circ $ with a standard equality predicate is also considered.
Subhalo sinking and off-centre massive black holes in dwarf galaxies
Authors: Boldrini Pierre , Mohayaee Roya , Silk Joseph 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Using fully GPU N-body simulations, we demonstrate for the first time that subhaloes sink and transfer energy via dynamical friction into the centres of dwarf galaxies. This dynamical heating kicks any central massive black hole out to tens of parsecs, especially at early epochs (z = 1.5–3). This mechanism helps explain the observed off-centre black holes (BHs) in dwarf galaxies and also predicts that off-centre BHs are more common in higher mass dwarf galaxies since dynamical friction becomes significantly weaker and BHs take more time to sink back towards the centres of their host galaxies. One consequence of off-centre BHs during early epochs of dwarf galaxies is to quench any BH feedback.
Cervical Vertebral Artery to Facial Branch External Carotid Artery Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Posterior circulation ischemia often presents with dizziness, ataxia, visual disturbances, or motor-sensory deficits. The vertebral artery stenosis most frequently involves the V1 segment proximal to the foraminal segment. This patient demonstrated critical stenosis of the left V1 segment of the vertebral artery related to atherosclerotic disease. A left cervical dissection was performed, and the cervical transverse foramen was opened to permit exposure of the vertebral artery in the V2 segment. The vertebral artery was proximally occluded and transected. An endarterectomy was performed, and an end-to-end anastomosis of the facial branch of the external carotid artery to the distal segment of the transected vertebral artery was completed. Indocyanine green angiography was used to confirm patency of the anastomosis. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Moyamoya Disease Superficial Temporal Artery-to-Middle Cerebral Artery Onlay: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The most frequently performed low-flow bypass procedure is the superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass. If available, a suitable M2 or M3 cortical branch is anastomosed to the donor vessel. This patient had severe moyamoya disease with an ipsilateral perfusion deficit and transient ischemic attacks. Given the need for revascularization, an STA-to-MCA bypass was performed. There was no suitable recipient M3 branch for direct anastomosis, and therefore an indirect bypass was performed by onlaying the STA onto the cortical surface and suturing the adventitia of the STA to the arachnoid of the underlying cortex. The dural leaflets were then inverted to potentiate further revascularization of the underlying cortex. The patient remained at their neurological baseline and demonstrated an enhanced perfusion of the ipsilateral MCA territory on follow-up evaluation. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Policy and Political Learning: The Development of Medical Marijuana Policies in the States
Authors: Mallinson Daniel J , Hannah A Lee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Policy diffusion studies often infer that learning occurs, but statistical analyses cannot demonstrate it definitively. The spread of medical marijuana offers the opportunity to take a closer look at whether policy and political learning occur during diffusion. An increasing number of states have adopted medical marijuana policies in defiance of federal prohibition and in the space created by federal inactivity. Furthermore, early adopting states have adapted their programs to account for changes in the industry and to coincide with recreational marijuana programs. This article sheds light on how the laws have evolved over time due to policy learning, political learning, and local adaptation. Specifically, we review how states have incorporated best practices from others (policy learning) and how the laws have been repackaged in more politically conservative states (political learning). Finally, we show how states adapt to medical marijuana laws by using precedents from the regulation of other industries.
Association between disease progression and depression onset in persons with radiographic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Rathbun Alan M , Shardell Michelle D , Ryan Alice S , Yau Michelle S , Gallo Joseph J , Schuler Megan S , Stuart Elizabeth A , Hochberg Marc C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Osteoarthritis (OA) disease progression may lead to deteriorating psychosocial function, but it is unclear what aspects of disease severity are related to the onset of depression. This study assessed which components of OA disease progression cumulatively contribute to depression onset in persons with radiographic knee OA.

Methods
Osteoarthritis Initiative participants (n = 1651) with radiographic disease (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2) in one or both knees and below the screening threshold for probable depression [Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale &lt;16] at baseline were included. Disease severity was measured from baseline to the third annual follow-up visit using joint space width, 20-meter gait speed, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain subscale, each categorized into quintiles. Depression onset (CES-D ≥ 16) was assessed annually at four follow-up visits. Marginal structural models that account for time-dependent confounding and attrition evaluated the association between each time-varying disease severity measure and depression onset.

Results
Each disease severity measure exhibited a non-linear relationship concerning the probability of depression onset, with the higher quintiles generally being associated with a larger risk. The highest quintile (relative to the lowest) of joint space width and gait speed were both significantly associated with depression onset. By contrast, none of the higher pain quintiles compared with the lowest were significantly associated with the onset of depression.

Conclusion
Faster disease progression as measured by either worsening structural severity or decreasing physical performance corresponds to an increased risk of depression among individuals with radiographic knee OA.
Inter-provincial differences of technical innovation efficiency among farmer professional cooperatives in China
Authors: Zhou Ping , Yang Lichao , Hu Pingbo , Cheng Yang , Zhou Shenghan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe technical innovation efficiency of farmer professional cooperatives has a far-reaching impact on the economic transformation and development in rural China, but it has been rarely studied. Addressing this gap, this article builds an index evaluating system for the technical innovation efficiency of provinces through a three-stage data envelopment analysis model that measures the relative efficiency of the technical innovation of cooperatives in China’s thirty-one provinces. The results show that the Eastern and Central provinces in China are more efficient than the Western provinces in terms of the technical innovation efficiency of farmer professional cooperatives. However, due to the lack of sustainable innovative capability of these cooperatives, investment redundancy is common in technical innovation. Besides, the impact of the external technology environment on the technical innovation of provincial farmer professional cooperatives is significant, and the scale of the rural market greatly incentivizes the cooperative technical innovation. Some policy suggestions are accordingly proposed.