bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Tropical Variability in Driving Decadal Shifts in the Southern Hemisphere Summertime Eddy-Driven Jet
Authors: Yang Dongxia , Arblaster Julie M. , Meehl Gerald A. , England Matthew H. , Lim Eun-Pa , Bates Susan , Rosenbloom Nan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Southern Hemisphere summertime eddy-driven jet and storm tracks have shifted poleward over the recent few decades. In previous studies, explanations have mainly stressed the influence of external forcing in driving this trend. Here we examine the role of internal tropical SST variability in controlling the austral summer jet’s poleward migration, with a focus on interdecadal time scales. The role of external forcing and internal variability are isolated by using a hierarchy of Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) simulations, including the pre-industrial control, large ensemble, and pacemaker runs. Model simulations suggest that in the early twenty-first century, both external forcing and internal tropical Pacific SST variability are important in driving a positive southern annular mode (SAM) phase and a poleward migration of the eddy-driven jet. Tropical Pacific SST variability, associated with the negative phase of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), acts to shift the jet poleward over the southern Indian and southwestern Pacific Oceans and intensify the jet in the southeastern Pacific basin, while external forcing drives a significant poleward jet shift in the South Atlantic basin. In response to both external forcing and decadal Pacific SST variability, the transient eddy momentum flux convergence belt in the middle latitudes experiences a poleward migration due to the enhanced meridional temperature gradient, leading to a zonally symmetric southward migration of the eddy-driven jet. This mechanism distinguishes the influence of the IPO on the midlatitude circulation from the dynamical impact of ENSO, with the latter mainly promoting the subtropical wave-breaking critical latitude poleward and pushing the midlatitude jet to higher latitudes.
Impact of Mass–Size Parameterizations of Frozen Hydrometeors on Microphysical Retrievals: Evaluation by Matching Radar to In Situ Observations from GCPEx and OLYMPEx
Authors: Sy Ousmane O. , Tanelli Simone , Durden Stephen L. , Heymsfield Andrew , Bansemer Aaron , Kuo Kwo-Sen , Niamsuwan Noppasin , Beauchamp Robert M. , Chandrasekar V. , Vega Manuel , Johnson Michael P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article illustrates how multifrequency radar observations can refine the mass–size parameterization of frozen hydrometeors in scattering models and improve the correlation between the radar observations and in situ measurements of microphysical properties of ice and snow. The data presented in this article were collected during the GPM Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) (2012) and Olympic Mountain Experiment (OLYMPEx) (2015) field campaigns, where the true mass–size relationship was not measured. Starting from size and shape distributions of ice particles measured in situ, scattering models are used to simulate an ensemble of reflectivity factors for various assumed mass–size parameterizations (MSP) of the power-law type. This ensemble is then collocated to airborne and ground-based radar observations, and the MSPs are refined by retaining only those that reproduce the radar observations to a prescribed level of accuracy. A versatile “retrieval dashboard” is built to jointly analyze the optimal MSPs and associated retrievals. The analysis shows that the optimality of an MSP depends on the physical assumptions made in the scattering simulators. This work confirms also the existence of a relationship between parameters of the optimal MSPs. Through the MSP optimization, the retrievals of ice water contentMand mean diameterDmseem robust to the change in meteorological regime (between GCPEx and OLYMPEx); whereas the retrieval of the diameter spreadSmseems more campaign dependent.
Newman’s Compelling Reasons for a Medical School with Catholic Professors
Authors: Vélez Juan R. 
Published: April 2020

Only one year after starting the Catholic University of Ireland (1854), John Henry Newman arranged for the purchase of a medical school, the Cecilia-Street Medical School, which gained immediate success and has continued to this day as a part of University College Dublin. This article is a historical piece that examines the importance Newman gave to Catholic doctrine for the formation of medical students. He understood that according to a hierarchy of sciences, theology and religion are above medicine and its practice and that there are some important religious truths that future Catholic physicians need to learn. In this article, we present a brief history of the origins of the medical school, and discuss his choice of only Catholic professors, and his concern for the doctrinal and moral formation of future doctors. Summary: When John Henry Newman established a medical school in Dublin he chose from only Catholic professors to ensure that the students, almost all Catholic, would receive teaching consistent with their faith, and also that they would have as role models Catholic physicians. He understood the harmony between science and faith, and thus sought professors with very good medical knowledge, who at the same time professed the Catholic faith.
In-Person and Technology-Mediated Peer Support in Diabetes Care: A Systematic Review of Reviews and Gap Analysis
Authors: Litchman Michelle L. , Oser Tamara K. , Hodgson Lisa , Heyman Mark , Walker Heather R. , Deroze Phyllisa , Rinker Joanne , Warshaw Hope 
Published: April 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study is to report a systematic review of reviews of evidence and gaps focused on in-person and technology-mediated diabetes peer support and its impact on clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes. Methods We conducted a systematic review of reviews in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Reviews published in English from December 1978 through December 2018 examining clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes were included. The search yielded 167 reviews that were examined for inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results Nine systematic reviews and meta-analyses meeting criteria were included. Findings suggest peer support interventions can have a positive impact on clinical (A1C, blood pressure, cholesterol, weight), behavioral (diabetes knowledge, being active, healthy eating, medication management, self-management, self-efficacy, empowerment), and psychosocial (social support, health and diabetes distress, depression, quality of life) outcomes. Research gaps exist related to understanding the effects of emerging technology-mediated peer support modalities and the effects of peer support on gestational diabetes. Conclusion Many clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial benefits related to in-person and technology-mediated peer support exist. Diabetes care and education specialists should incorporate and recommend peer support resources for people with diabetes.
Genes-in-Dyads: A Study of Relationship Quality
Authors: Das Aniruddha 
Published: April 2020

Objectives Using dyadic genetic information on older couples, this study queried associations of a polygenic score for well-being with one’s own as well as a partner’s relationship experiences. Method Data were from the 2010 wave of the U.S. Health and Retirement Study. Analysis was through structural equation modeling. Results Especially among women, the genetic score was associated with individuals’ own relationship experiences. Genetic externalities—linkages of one’s genes with a partner’s experiences—were also observed. No significant gender variations emerged. Discussion Contrary to conceptions implicit in much of existing genetics literature—which focuses on individuals’ own gene–trait associations—the interpersonal environments most crucial to life course and health outcomes are shaped by the genes of all involved actors. Genetic externalities are a central component. Implications for the life course and gene–environment literatures are discussed.
PKM2 Activator TEPP-46 Attenuates Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1β Secretion
Authors: Le Sheng , Zhang Hao , Huang Xiaofan , Chen Shu , Wu Jia , Chen Shanshan , Ding XiangChao , Chen Shanshan , Zhao Jing , Xu Heng , Cui Jikai , Zou Yanqiang , Yu Jizhang , Jiang Lang , Wu Jie , Ye Ping , Xia Jiahong 
Published: April 2020

Background: The development of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) is mediated by inflammasome activation, which exacerbates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has shown a protective role against various disorders with an inflammatory basis, such as sepsis, tumorigenesis, and diabetic nephropathy. However, its potential role in TAAD has not been investigated so far. Approach and Results: We analyzed aortic tissues from TAAD patients and the β-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN)–induced mouse model of TAAD and observed elevated levels of PKM2 in the aortic lesions of both. Treatment with the PKM2 activator TEPP-46 markedly attenuated the progression of TAAD in the mouse model as demonstrated by decreased morbidity and luminal diameter of the aorta. In addition, the thoracic aortas of the BAPN-induced mice showed reduced monocytes and macrophages infiltration and lower levels of IL-1β, MMPs, and ROS when treated with TEPP-46. Furthermore, TEPP-46 treatment also suppressed the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and pyrin domain–containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by downregulating p-STAT3 and HIF1-α. Conclusion: Pyruvate kinase M2 plays a protective role in TAAD development, and its activation is a promising therapeutic strategy against the progression of TAAD.
Re-framing accountability and learning through evaluation: Insights from the Italian higher education evaluation system
Authors: Lumino Rosaria , Gambardella Dora 
Published: April 2020

Although the relation between accountability and learning is a key issue in the field of evaluation, the existing conceptualizations include significant gaps and shortcoming. This article seeks to bridge some of the identified gaps, overcoming the dichotomy between learning and accountability and the overemphasis on accountability, and offering a more nuanced account of various forms of positive and negative learning. We propose a theory-informed reconceptualization of both accountability and learning in order to develop an interpretative framework that recognizes their plurality and brings them together through evaluation. To make visible the analytical potential of our reconceptualization, we present the Italian higher education evaluation system as a source of illustrative examples. Our analysis confirms that accountability and learning are inextricably interconnected and that multiple forms of learning can be envisaged by taking into account the mutual relationship among organizational arrangements, evaluative practices and cultural codes. We argue that such kind of analysis allows to remove the taken-for-granted aspects of evaluation practices, challenging the often-implicit assumptions about their virtues as well as their weaknesses in order to see what evaluation actually does in a particular situation.
Questionnaire measuring patient participation in health care: Scale development and psychometric evaluation
Authors: Berg Selina Kikkenborg , Færch Jane , Cromhout Pernille Fevejle , Tewes Marianne , Pedersen Preben Ulrich , Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Missel Malene , Christensen Jan , Juel Knud , Christensen Anne Vinggaard 
Published: April 2020

Background: Patient participation in treatment and care is often encouraged and is desirable because of its proven positive impact on treatment, quality of care and patient safety. Aims: To develop an instrument to measure patient participation in health care and to investigate the measurement properties of the Patient Participation Questionnaire (PPQ). Methods: A literature review was conducted to develop a model of patient participation. The PPQ was constructed consisting of 17 items organized into four subscales. Psychometric evaluation of factor structure, convergent construct validity by hypothesis testing and analyses of internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha were performed on data from a hospitalised mixed group of patients with cardiac disease, pulmonary disease and cancer ( N=378 patients). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis did not show a clear model fit, which is why an exploratory factor analysis was performed, suggesting a different four subscale structure consisting of a total of 16 items. The four subscales were labelled Shared decision power, Adapted and individualized knowledge, Collaboration and Human approach. There were strong ceiling effects on all items. Analysis of convergent construct validity showed a moderate correlation (0.59) between the PPQ and another instrument measuring patient participation. Internal consistency for the total PPQ score was high: 0.89. Conclusion: In a mixed group of patients with cardiac disease, pulmonary disease and cancer, the PPQ showed promising psychometric properties in terms of factor structure, convergent construct validity and internal consistency. The PPQ may be used to shed light on the experience of patient participation and guide quality improvements.
Non-Dose-Dependent Changes in Liver Enzyme Levels of Children With Epilepsy on Treatment With Sodium Valproate
Authors: Adedapo Aduragbenro Deborah A. , Demaki Winifred Eseoghene , Lagunju IkeOluwa 
Published: April 2020

Background:Sodium valproate (VPA) is considered as the drug of choice for the treatment of generalized epilepsy in children. Sodium Valproate may be hepatotoxic.Aim:To assess the level of derangement of liver enzymes in children with epilepsy on treatment with sodium valproate.Methods:A cohort study. One hundred fifty-three children, comprising 51 with epilepsy on treatment with VPA (group I), 51 with epilepsy on treatment with other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) but not VPA (group II), and 51 with nonconvulsive disorders (group III) had liver function tests performed for them. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0.Results:There were 85 males and 68 females, aged 6 months to 14 years (median = 7.0 years). There was no significant difference in the mean plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transferase across the three groups of children. The mean aspartate transaminase level was significantly higher in children in group III. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the duration of AED therapy and the mean serum level of AST ( r = −0.266, P = 0.016). The serum ALT level showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the duration of AED therapy ( r = 0.268, P = 0.015).Conclusion:Sodium valproate monotherapy does not appear to be associated with significant hepatotoxicity in children in our cohort.
Return to Work Following Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy for Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis and Pain
Authors: Agarwalla Avinesh , Liu Joseph N. , Wu Hao-Hua , Kalbian Irene L. , Garcia Grant H. , Shubin Stein Beth E. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose To evaluate the ability of patients to return to work following anteromedialization (AMZ) tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) due to isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis or pain. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing AMZ TTO were reviewed retrospectively at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively. Patients completed a subjective work questionnaire, a visual analog scale for pain, as well as a Kujala questionnaire and satisfaction questionnaire. Results Fifty-seven patients (61 knees; average age: 32.7 ± 9.6 years) were contacted at an average follow-up of 4.86 ± 2.84 years postoperatively. The preoperative Kujala score improved from 55.7 ± 17.8 to 84.6 ± 15.8 at final follow-up ( P < 0.001). Thirty-seven patients (64.9%) were employed within 3 years prior to surgery and 34 patients (91.9%) were able to return to work by 2.8 ± 2.6 months postoperatively. However, only 27 patients (73.0%) of patients were able to return to the same level of occupational intensity. Patients who held sedentary, light-, medium-, or high-intensity occupations were able to return to work at a rate of 100.0%, 93.8%, 77.8%, and 100.0% by 2.2 months, 3.0 months, 3.1 months, and 4.0 months, postoperatively. No patients underwent revision TTO or conversion to arthroplasty by the time of final follow-up. Conclusion In patients with focal patellofemoral osteoarthritis or pain, AMZ TTO provides a high rate of return to work (91.9%) by 2.8 ± 2.6 months postoperatively. Patients with higher intensity occupations may take longer to return to work than those with less physically demanding occupations. Level of Evidence III.
Clinical outcomes of nonagenarians with acute myocardial infarction who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Nishihira Kensaku , Watanabe Nozomi , Kuriyama Nehiro , Shibata Yoshisato 
Published: April 2020

Background
With increases in life expectancy, percutaneous coronary intervention is being performed more often, even in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, the optimal management of nonagenarians with acute myocardial infarction is uncertain. This study sought to investigate clinical outcomes of nonagenarians who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods
Of 2640 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction hospitalised within 24 hours after symptom onset in 2009–2018, we prospectively analysed 96 nonagenarians (median age 92 years; interquartile range 91–94) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention.

Results
The median follow-up period was 375 days. Inhospital major bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5) and inhospital death occurred in 15.6% and 17.7% of patients, respectively. The proportion of patients with frailty increased during hospitalisation, from 43.8% (mild frailty 37.5%; moderate to severe frailty 6.3%) at admission to 60.7% (mild frailty 46.8%; moderate to severe frailty 13.9%) at discharge (P &lt; 0.01). The cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality was 22.2% at 180 days and 27.5% at 365 days. After adjusting for confounders, cardiogenic shock (hazard ratio (HR) 2.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–7.64) and final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade less than 3 (HR 2.45; 95% CI 1.03–5.58) were associated with higher mid-term mortality and cardiac rehabilitation (HR 0.25; 95% CI, 0.13–0.50) was associated with lower mid-term mortality.

Conclusions
The mid-term mortality of selected nonagenarians with acute myocardial infarction who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention is reasonable, but older patients have high rates of inhospital major bleeding and progression of frailty. This study provides physicians, patients and families with important information for therapeutic decision-making.
Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Myrica salicifolia A Rich (Myricaceae) Against Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice
Authors: Kifle Zemene Demelash , Adinew Getnet Mequanint , Mengistie Mestayet Geta , Gurmu Abyot Endale , Enyew Engidaw Fentahun , Goshu Bahiru Tenaw , Amare Gedefaw Getenet 
Published: April 2020

Background. The management and control of malaria has become gradually challenging due to the spread of drug-resistant parasites, lack of effective vaccine, and the resistance of vector to insecticides. Consequently, novel agents are urgently needed from different sources including from medicinal plants. In Ethiopia and Uganda, Myrica salicifolia root is traditionally claimed for the treatment of malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activity of root crude extract of M salicifolia. Methods. The parasite, Plasmodium berghei was used in this study since it is an appropriate parasite that is most commonly used because of its higher accessibility. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of crude extract against early infection. The curative and prophylactic effect of the crude extract was further tested by Rane’s test and residual infection procedure. Parasitemia, survival time, packed cell volume, body weight, and rectal temperature of mice were used as evaluation parameters. Windows SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data and analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference to compare results between groups. Results. The root crude extract of M salicifolia significantly ( P < .05-.0001) suppressed parasitemia. The crude extract exhibited a chemosuppression of 40.90. Conclusion. The development of new antimalarial agents and the finding supports the traditional claims and previous in vitro studies.
UBR5 HECT domain mutations identified in mantle cell lymphoma control maturation of B cells
Authors: Swenson Samantha A. , Gilbreath Tyler J. , Vahle Heather , Hynes-Smith R. Willow , Graham Jared H. , Law Henry C.-H. , Amador Catalina , Woods Nicholas T. , Green Michael R. , Buckley Shannon M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Coordination of a number of molecular mechanisms including transcription, alternative splicing, and class switch recombination are required to facilitate development, activation, and survival of B cells. Disruption of these pathways can result in malignant transformation. Recently, next-generation sequencing has identified a number of novel mutations in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients including mutations in the ubiquitin E3 ligase UBR5. Approximately 18% of MCL patients were found to have mutations in UBR5, with the majority of mutations within the HECT domain of the protein that can accept and transfer ubiquitin molecules to the substrate. Determining if UBR5 controls the maturation of B cells is important to fully understand malignant transformation to MCL. To elucidate the role of UBR5 in B-cell maturation and activation, we generated a conditional mutant disrupting UBR5′s C-terminal HECT domain. Loss of the UBR5 HECT domain leads to a block in maturation of B cells in the spleen and upregulation of proteins associated with messenger RNA splicing via the spliceosome. Our studies reveal a novel role of UBR5 in B-cell maturation by stabilization of spliceosome components during B-cell development and suggests UBR5 mutations play a role in MCL transformation.