bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of the Passive Damping System Combining the Viscoelastic Dampers and Inerters
Authors: Pawlak Zdzisław M. , Lewandowski Roman 
Published: August 2020

Passive damping systems are energy dissipating devices that are used in building constructions to reduce excessive vibration caused by wind or earthquakes. Recently, the use of inerters, devices using the inertia of the rotating mass, as a passive damping system has become more and more popular. Inerter, regardless of the construction, generates a resistance force that is proportional to the relative acceleration at the terminal ends of the device. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the viscoelastic (VE) dampers in combination with the inerter. For the derived equations of motion of structures with VE dampers and inerters, the Laplace transformation is applied, which leads to a nonlinear eigenproblem. The solution to the eigenproblem is obtained using the continuation method, also known as the homotopy or as the path following method. It was found that for some cases of inerter connection with ve damper, there are some additional solutions in relation to the degrees of freedom of the structure. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the structure associated with the above-mentioned additional eigenvalue are strongly dependent on the equivalent inerter mass. Damping efficiency is tested by determining changes in the system’s dynamic characteristics: natural frequencies, non-dimensional damping ratios and displacement transfer functions. The presented approach allows determining the appropriate parameters of the inerter and VE damper and their appropriate location on the structures that correspond to the most effective damping. The obtained numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
CBI + R: A Fusion Approach to Assist Dermatological Diagnoses
Authors: Jiji G. Wiselin , Rajesh A. , Raj P. Johnson Durai 
Published: August 2020

With the emerge of advanced technologies such as high-resolution cameras and computational power, it seems to ease to built a better dermatological diagnostic system. However, the identification of skin disease is still a challenging problem with the origination of various skin diseases. In this paper, we proposed a new fusion architecture — CBI [Formula: see text] R to support the diagnosis in multiple skin diseases. The architecture combines Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) technology together to facilitate medical diagnosis. CBIR is to retrieve digital dermoscopy images from a data repository using the shape, texture and color features. Along with these features, CBR is incorporated which contains symptoms, case history and treatment plan of the disease. Experiments on a set of 1210 images yielded an accuracy of 98.2%. This was a superior retrieval and diagnosis performance in comparison with the state-of-the-art works.
PIK3CA Mutation in the ShortHER Randomized Adjuvant Trial for Patients with Early HER2+ Breast Cancer: Association with Prognosis and Integration with PAM50 Subtype
Authors: Guarneri Valentina , Dieci Maria Vittoria , Bisagni Giancarlo , Brandes Alba A. , Frassoldati Antonio , Cavanna Luigi , Musolino Antonino , Giotta Francesco , Rimanti Anita , Garrone Ornella , Bertone Elena , Cagossi Katia , Nanni Oriana , Piacentini Federico , Orvieto Enrico , Griguolo Gaia , Curtarello Matteo , Urso Loredana , Paré Laia , Chic Nuria , D'Amico Roberto , Prat Aleix , Conte Pierfranco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
We explored the prognostic effect of PIK3CA mutation in HER2+ patients enrolled in the ShortHER trial.

Patients and Methods:
The ShortHER trial randomized 1,253 patients with HER2+ breast cancer to 9 weeks or 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy. PIK3CA hotspot mutations in exon 9 and 20 were analyzed by pyrosequencing. Expression of 60 genes, including PAM50 genes was measured using the nCounter platform.

Results:
A mutation of the PIK3CA gene was detected in 21.7% of the 803 genotyped tumors. At a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 90.6% for PIK3CA mutated and 86.2% for PIK3CA wild-type tumors [HR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56–1.27; P = 0.417]. PIK3CA mutation showed a favorable prognostic impact in the PAM50 HER2-enriched subtype (n = 232): 5-year DFS 91.8% versus 76.1% (log-rank P = 0.049; HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21–1.02). HER2-enriched/PIK3CA mutated versus wild-type tumors showed numerically higher tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and significant upregulation of immune-related genes (including CD8A, CD274, PDCD1, and MYBL2, a proliferation gene involved in immune processes). High TILs as well as the upregulation of PDCD1 and MYBL2 were associated with a significant DFS improvement within the HER2-enriched subtype (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68–0.99; P = 0.039 for 10% TILs increment; HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65–0.99; P = 0.049 for PDCD1 expression; HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53–0.99; P = 0.042 for MYBL2 expression).

Conclusions:
PIK3CA mutation showed no prognostic impact in the ShortHER trial. Within the HER2-enriched molecular subtype, patients with PIK3CA mutated tumors showed better DFS versus PIK3CA wild-type, which may be partly explained by upregulation of immune-related genes.
Intraperitoneal Pressure in Polycystic and Non-Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients, Treated by Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Giuliani Anna , Milan Manani Sabrina , Crepaldi Carlo , Domenici Alessandro , Gastaldon Fiorella , Corradi Valentina , Ronco Claudio 
Published: August 2020

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Intraperitoneal volume (IPV) should be individualized and aimed to maintain an intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) lower than 17 cm H<sub>2</sub>O. IPP is very variable, given its relation with body size. However, it is not yet fully understood which anthropometric variable mostly affects IPP and the relation between IPP and organomegaly in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) patients is not known. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of the present study was to analyse the relation between antropometric variables and IPP in a large cohort of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and to identify if a relation between nephromegaly and IPP exists in PKD patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> IPP was measured in PD patients and data was retrospectively collected. In PKD patients, total kidney volumes were measured in CT scans, and normalized with height (hTKV). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seventy-seven patients were included in the study, 18% affected by PKD. Mean IPP was 14.9 ± 2.9 cm H<sub>2</sub>O and it showed significant positive correlation with body mass index (BMI; <i>ρ</i> = 0.42, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). No correlation was found between IPP and absolute IPV; conversely, IPP has a significant inverse correlation with IPV normalized with BMI and body surface area (<i>ρ</i> –0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.001 and <i>ρ</i> –0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.02, ­respectively). Patients with IPP &#x3e;17 cm H<sub>2</sub>O have significant larger BMI and lower IPV/BMI compared to those with IPP &#x3c;17 cm H<sub>2</sub>O (29 ± 3.6 vs. 26 ± 4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05 and 97 ± 15.5 vs. 109 ± 22 mL/kg/m<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). PKD patients have a wide variability in hTKV (range 645–3,787 mL/m<sup>2</sup>) and it showed a significant correlation with IPP/IPV (<i>ρ</i> = 0.6, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Patients with larger BMI have greater IPP, irrespectively to IPV. In PKD patients, hTKV correlate with IPP/IPV ratio. However, given the wide range of distribution of hTKV, increased IPP cannot be presumed because of pre-existing polycystic kidney, but need to be quantified.
The tooth factor effect on the harmonics of large electrical machines
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh Ayman Y. , Dalabeeh Ali , Al-Zeyod Abdallah , Samarah Ashraf , Qaryouti Ghazi , Albarbarawi Omar 
Published: August 2020

In the current study, the general mathematical model for the calculation and analysis of asynchronous systems and transient cases in asynchronous synchronous large electrical machines was developed. The theory of magnetic fields in the teeth's circuits with a smooth surface of the rotor was used and at the same time, high harmonics of magnetic fields and its effect on the transient cases was also calculated. Performance curves were investigated using Matlab codes and evaluated under different values of factor. The results confirmed the possibility of improving the noise harmonics on the sinusoidal wave form, which is reflected on the machines starting.
Design of constant output voltage DC-AC inverter for batteryless solar PV system
Authors: Risdiyanto Agus , Susanto Bambang , Rachman Noviadi Arief , Muqorobin Anwar , Atmaja Tinton Dwi , Santosa Harjono P. 
Published: August 2020

This paper introduces a DC-AC inverter design that operates stand alone to deliver power from solar photovoltaic (PV) to the load directly without going through the battery. In batteryless solar PV, the output voltage of solar PV always varies according to solar irradiation, temperature, so that it becomes a challenge in modelling DC-AC inverter with constant output voltage. The design consists of a boost converter, h-bridge switching and driver, and LC filter to generate sinusoidal ac voltage as output to load. To ensure a constant inverter output voltage, the design equipped by a close loop PI controller based on voltage control mode. The design modelled and simulated by PSIM. PV dc input was set variation according to the irradiation value (W/m2) and the output connected to a load that has rated voltage of 220 Vac and 3.4 A of nominal current. The results show that in the irradiation variation 600-1500 W/m2, the inverter was able to maintain the output voltage of 220 Vac ± 0.91%, 50 Hz which is still in the voltage range based on standard. The efficiency produced by DC-AC inverter 97.7 % at 600 W/m2 and 83.6 % at 1500 W/m2.
Comparative analysis of observer-based LQR and LMI controllers of an inverted pendulum
Authors: Tahir Nura Musa , Muhammad Mustapha , Idi Musa , Buyamin Salinda , Maijama’a Ladan , Yarima Sa’id Musa 
Published: August 2020

An inverted pendulum is a multivariable, unstable, nonlinear system that is used as a yardstick in control engineering laboratories to study, verify and confirm innovative control techniques. To implement a simple control algorithm, achieve upright stabilization and precise tracking control under external disturbances constitutes a serious challenge. Observer-based linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller and linear matrix inequality (LMI) are proposed for the upright stabilization of the system. Simulation studies are performed using step input magnitude, and the results are analyzed. Time response specifications, integral square error (ISE), integral absolute error (IAE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were employed to investigate the performances of the proposed controllers. Based on the comparative analysis, the upright stabilization of the pendulum was achieved within the shortest possible time with both controllers however, the LMI controller exhibits better performances in both stabilization and robustness. Moreover, the LMI control scheme is effective and simple.
Prevalence and Outcomes of D-Dimer Elevation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Berger Jeffrey S. , Kunichoff Dennis , Adhikari Samrachana , Ahuja Tania , Amoroso Nancy , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon , Cao Meng , Goldenberg Ronald , Hindenburg Alexander , Horowitz James , Parnia Sam , Petrilli Christopher , Reynolds Harmony , Simon Emma , Slater James , Yaghi Shadi , Yuriditsky Eugene , Hochman Judith , Horwitz Leora I. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of D-dimer elevation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization, trajectory of D-dimer levels during hospitalization, and its association with clinical outcomes.

Approach and Results:

Consecutive adults admitted to a large New York City hospital system with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) between March 1, 2020 and April 8, 2020 were identified. Elevated D-dimer was defined by the laboratory-specific upper limit of normal (>230 ng/mL). Outcomes included critical illness (intensive care, mechanical ventilation, discharge to hospice, or death), thrombotic events, acute kidney injury, and death during admission. Among 2377 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and ≥1 D-dimer measurement, 1823 (76%) had elevated D-dimer at presentation. Patients with elevated presenting baseline D-dimer were more likely than those with normal D-dimer to have critical illness (43.9% versus 18.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.9–3.1];
P
<0.001), any thrombotic event (19.4% versus 10.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.4–2.6];
P
<0.001), acute kidney injury (42.4% versus 19.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.9–3.1];
P
<0.001), and death (29.9% versus 10.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.6–2.9];
P
<0.001). Rates of adverse events increased with the magnitude of D-dimer elevation; individuals with presenting D-dimer >2000 ng/mL had the highest risk of critical illness (66%), thrombotic event (37.8%), acute kidney injury (58.3%), and death (47%).

Conclusions:
Abnormal D-dimer was frequently observed at admission with COVID-19 and was associated with higher incidence of critical illness, thrombotic events, acute kidney injury, and death. The optimal management of patients with elevated D-dimer in COVID-19 requires further study.
Observations of Aerosol, Cloud, Turbulence, and Radiation Properties at the Top of the Marine Boundary Layer over the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean: The ACORES Campaign
Authors: Siebert Holger , Szodry Kai-Erik , Egerer Ulrike , Wehner Birgit , Henning Silvia , Chevalier Karine , Lückerath Janine , Welz Oliver , Weinhold Kay , Lauermann Felix , Gottschalk Matthias , Ehrlich André , Wendisch Manfred , Fialho Paulo , Roberts Greg , Allwayin Nithin , Schum Simeon , Shaw Raymond A. , Mazzoleni Claudio , Mazzoleni Lynn , Nowak Jakub L. , Malinowski Szymon P. , Karpinska Katarzyna , Kumala Wojciech , Czyzewska Dominika , Luke Edward P. , Kollias Pavlos , Wood Robert , Mellado Juan Pedro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report on the Azores Stratocumulus Measurements of Radiation, Turbulence and Aerosols (ACORES) campaign, which took place around Graciosa and Pico Islands/Azores in July 2017. The main objective was to investigate the vertical distribution of aerosol particles, stratocumulus microphysical and radiative properties, and turbulence parameters in the eastern North Atlantic. The vertical exchange of mass, momentum, and energy between the free troposphere (FT) and the cloudy marine boundary layer (MBL) was explored over a range of scales from submeters to kilometers. To cover these spatial scales with appropriate measurements, helicopter-borne observations with unprecedented high resolution were realized using the Airborne Cloud Turbulence Observation System (ACTOS) and Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation Measurement System–Helicopter-Borne Observations (SMART-HELIOS) instrumental payloads. The helicopter-borne observations were combined with ground-based aerosol measurements collected at two continuously running field stations on Pico Mountain (2,225 m above sea level, in the FT), and at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) station on Graciosa (at sea level). First findings from the ACORES observations we are discussing in the paper are as follows: (i) we have observed a high variability of the turbulent cloud-top structure on horizontal scales below 100 m with local temperature gradients of up to 4 K over less than 1 m vertical distance, (ii) we have collected strictly collocated radiation measurements supporting the relevance of small-scale processes by revealing significant inhomogeneities in cloud-top brightness temperature to scales well below 100 m, and (iii) we have concluded that aerosol properties are completely different in the MBL and FT with often-complex stratification and frequently observed burst-like new particle formation.
Late Operative Rib Fixation is Inferior to Nonoperative Management
Authors: Harrell Kevin N. , Jean Robert J. , Dave Bhattacharya S. , Hunt Darren J. , Barker Donald E. , Maxwell Robert A. 
Published: August 2020

Background Operative rib fixation (ORF) of traumatic rib fractures has been shown to decrease hospital length of stay (LOS), ventilator days, and mortality. ORF performed within 1 day of admission has been shown to have favorable outcomes compared to later ORF. This report examines the ORF experience over 10 years at a level I trauma center. Methods ORF patients from January 2007-January 2018 were matched to nonoperative controls in a 1:2 ratio based on age, injury severity score (ISS), chest Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), and head AIS. Patient demographic, injury, and outcome data were collected from the trauma registry and medical records. Hospital day of ORF was identified for each ORF patient. Hospital LOS, ICU LOS, ventilator days, and mortality were compared against matched nonoperative controls. Results Ninety-five ORF patients were matched to 190 nonoperative patients. ORF patients had a higher number of rib fractures (9.6 vs 6.4, P < .001). ORF patients with short time to operation (0-2 days) had a shorter average hospital stay than those with delayed operations (11.8 vs 12.6 vs 13.4 vs 19.6 days, P = .003). ORF patients with operations performed 3-4 days and >6 days after admission also had statistically significant longer ICU LOS and ventilator days. Patient mortality was higher when ORF was performed after 6 days. Discussion Early ORF may improve pulmonary function, patient outcomes, and decrease LOS. Shifting practice toward early fixation may help further solidify the benefits of this procedure in the treatment of blunt chest trauma.
Robotic Major Hepatectomy: Influence of Age on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Sucandy Iswanto , Luberice Kenneth , Rivera-Espineira Gabriel , Krill Emily , Castro Miguel , Bourdeau Timothy , Ross Sharona , Rosemurgy Alexander 
Published: August 2020

Background This study was undertaken to determine if age influences postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing robotic major hepatectomy. Methods Ninety-four patients undergoing robotic major hepatectomy were prospectively followed. With regression analysis, demographic data and postoperative outcomes were compared to age. Data are presented as median (mean ± SD). Results Overall, the patients were of age 62 (61 ± 13) years, body mass index (BMI) of 29 (29 ± 5.9) kg/m2, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class of 3 (3 ± 0.5). The mass size was 5 (5 ± 3.0) cm. The operative duration was 252 (276 ± 106) minutes with an estimated blood loss (EBL) of 175 (249 ± 275.9) mL. One operation was converted to “open” due to bleeding, accounting for the only intraoperative complication. Nine patients required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Postoperatively, 7 patients had complications with no in-hospital mortalities, and a length of stay (LOS) of 4 (5 ± 2.6) days. Thirteen patients were readmitted within 30 days with 0 deaths within 30 days. A significant relationship was found between age and ASA class ( P = .001) and LOS ( P = .03). No correlation was found when comparing age to operative duration, EBL, ICU admission, ICU duration, complications, and readmission within 30 days. Conclusion For patients undergoing robotic major hepatectomy, there was no significant correlation between age and perioperative outcomes, with the exception of LOS. Increasing age is not associated with increased morbidity or perioperative mortality. With the application of innovative technology, that is, the robotic approach, surgeons should be encouraged to undertake major hepatectomy in elderly patients deemed candidates for surgery.
Occult Malignancy in Adult Tonsillectomy for Benign Indication
Authors: Syme Noah , Brettfeld Stefan , Dorneden Ashley , Samedi Von , Bocklage Therese , Myers Orrin , Herzon Fred , Meiklejohn Duncan A. 
Published: August 2020

Objective: National pathology guidelines recommend full pathologic analysis for all adult tonsillectomy specimens. We evaluated the available data on occult malignancy in adult tonsillectomy for benign indication, and created a screening system to reduce the risk of missed malignancies if routine histopathologic examination were to be discontinued. Study design: Retrospective chart review and systematic review of the literature. Setting: Tertiary care academic hospital and multi-hospital private healthcare system. Subjects and methods: A systematic literature review identified case series of adult tonsillectomy. Retrospective chart review at our institutions from 2000 to 2016 produced an additional case series. The pooled rate of occult malignancy was determined, and re-analyzed using criteria based on preoperative risk factors designed to identify patients requiring full pathologic analysis. The predicted effects of prospective application of the proposed criteria were calculated. Pooled occult malignancy prevalence was estimated. Results: Literature review and our own case series yielded 12,094 total cases. Occult malignancy prevalence in the combined data was 0.033%, representing four occult malignancies. Three out of the four would have been selected for full pathology preoperatively with use of the proposed criteria. Statistical analysis indicates that the predicted frequency of occult malignancy incidence in cases negative for the criteria is 0.01%, or 1/10,000. Conclusion: Application of the proposed criteria to adults undergoing tonsillectomy for benign indication identifies a subset of patients with an estimated incidence of occult malignancy similar to that reported for pediatric tonsillectomy, and potentially may permit safe elimination of pathologic analysis of their tonsil specimens. Level of Evidence: Pooled analysis of case series from the literature and a single institution, level 4.
Hepatotoxicity of Opiates and Cocaine on Different Hepatic Cellular Systems
Authors: Jover Ramiro , Ponsoda Xavier , Castell Jose Vicente , Gómez-Lechón Maria José 
Published: August 2020

We have studied the hepatotoxic effects of cocaine and opioids (morphine, heroin, meperidine, methadone and buprenorphine) on two experimental cellular systems: primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cell lines (FaO and Hep G2). Three methods were used to evaluate cytotoxicity: intracellular measurement of LDH activity, measurement of total attached cellular protein content, and the MTT test. The results show that: 1) Morphine, heroin and cocaine were more toxic to 1-24-hour primary cultures (IC50: 0.16-0.56mM) than to the other liver-derived cells (IC50: 0.62-8.00mM). 2) Meperidine and methadone produced more evident toxic effects on the hepatoma cell lines (IC50: 0.6–2.0 and 0.08–0.25mM, respectively) than on the primary hepatocyte cultures (IC50: 1.7–4.5 and 0.25–0.50mM, respectively). 3) The toxicity of buprenorphine was similar in all cellular systems (IC50: 0.03–0.13mM). 4) With regard to their toxic potential, we found that buprenorphine and methadone were the most toxic compounds in the majority of the tests. On the other hand, meperidine was least toxic to primary hepatocyte cultures, but showed higher toxicity than morphine, heroin and cocaine to the hepatoma cell lines.