bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic profiling of patients with high gradient aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Haase Daniela , Bäz Laura , Bekfani Tarek , Neugebauer Sophie , Kiehntopf Michael , Möbius-Winkler Sven , Franz Marcus , Schulze P. Christian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aim
Aim of our study was to evaluate metabolic changes in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) before and after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and to assess whether this procedure reverses metabolomic alterations.

Methods
188 plasma metabolites of 30 patients with severe high-gradient aortic valve stenosis (pre-TAVR and 6 weeks post-TAVR) as well as 20 healthy controls (HC) were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Significantly altered metabolites were then correlated to an extensive patient database of clinical parameters at the time of measurement.

Results
Out of the determined metabolites, 26.6% (n = 50) were significantly altered in patients with AS pre-TAVR compared to HC. In detail, 5/40 acylcarnitines as well as 10/42 amino acids and biogenic amines were mainly increased in AS, whereas 29/90 glycerophospholipids and 6/15 sphingomyelins were mainly reduced. In the post-TAVR group, 10.1% (n = 19) of metabolites showed significant differences when compared to pre-TAVR. Moreover, we found nine metabolites revealing reversible concentration levels. Correlation with clinically important parameters revealed strong correlations between sphingomyelins and cholesterol (r = 0.847), acylcarnitines and brain natriuretic peptide (r = 0.664) and showed correlation of acylcarnitine with an improvement of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (r = − 0.513) and phosphatidylcholines with an improvement of LV mass (r = − 0.637).

Conclusion
Metabolic profiling identified significant and reversible changes in circulating metabolites of patients with AS. The correlation of circulating metabolites with clinical parameters supports the use of these data to identify novel diagnostic as well as prognostic markers for disease screening, pathophysiological studies as well as patient surveillance.
Effects of g-jitter and radiation on three-dimensional double diffusion stagnation point nanofluid flow
Authors: Kamal M. H. A. , Rawi N. A. , Ali A. , Shafie S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe unsteady double diffusion of the boundary layer with the nanofluid flow near a three-dimensional (3D) stagnation point body is studied under a microgravity environment. The effects of g-jitter and thermal radiation exist under the microgravity environment, where there is a gravitational field with fluctuations. The flow problem is mathematically formulated into a system of equations derived from the physical laws and principles under the no-slip boundary condition. With the semi-similar transformation technique, the dimensional system of equations is reduced into a dimensionless system of equations, where the dependent variables of the problem are lessened. A numerical solution for the flow problem derived from the system of dimensionless partial differential equations is obtained with the Keller box method, which is an implicit finite difference approach. The effects studied are analyzed in terms of the physical quantities of principle interest with the fluid behavior characteristics, the heat transfer properties, and the concentration distributions. The results show that the value of the curvature ratio parameter represents the geometrical shape of the boundary body, where the stagnation point is located. The increased modulation amplitude parameter produces a fluctuating behavior on all physical quantities studied, where the fluctuating range becomes smaller when the oscillation frequency increases. Moreover, the addition of Cu nanoparticles enhances the thermal conductivity of the heat flux, and the thermal radiation could increase the heat transfer properties.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of myocardial involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Giollo Alessandro , Dumitru Raluca B. , Swoboda Peter P. , Plein Sven , Greenwood John P. , Buch Maya H. , Andrews Jacqueline 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of undiagnosed cardiac involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is unknown. In this prospective study we investigated the utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to identify myocardial abnormalities in GPA and their correlation with disease phenotype. Twenty-six patients with GPA and no cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus underwent contrast-enhanced CMR, including late gadolinium-enhancement (LGE), T1-mapping for native T1 and extra-cellular volume (ECV) quantification for assessment of myocardial fibrosis, cine imaging and tissue tagging for assessment of left ventricular (LV) function. Twenty-five healthy volunteers (HV) with comparable age, sex, BMI and arterial blood pressure served as controls. Patients with GPA had similar cardiovascular risk profile to HV. A focal, non-ischaemic LGE pattern of fibrosis was detected in 24% of patients and no controls (p = 0.010). Patients with myocardial LGE were less frequently PR3 ANCA (7% vs 93%, p = 0.007), and had involvement of the lower respiratory tract and skin. LGE scar mass was higher in patients presenting with renal involvement. Native T1 and ECV were higher in patients with GPA than HV; ECV was higher in those with relapsing disease, and native T1 was inversely associated with PR3 ANCA (β = − 0.664, p = 0.001). Peak systolic strain was slightly reduced in GPA compared to controls; LV ejection function was inversely correlated with disease duration (β = − 0.454, p = 0.026). Patients with GPA have significant myocardial abnormalities on CMR. ANCA, systemic involvement and disease severity were associated with myocardial fibrosis. CMR could be a useful tool for risk stratification of myocardial involvement in GPA.
To What Extent Do Situation-Model-Approach Interventions Improve Relative Metacomprehension Accuracy? Meta-Analytic Insights
Authors: Prinz Anja , Golke Stefanie , Wittwer Jörg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis meta-analysis investigated the extent to which relative metacomprehension accuracy can be increased by interventions that aim to support learners’ use of situation-model cues as a basis for judging their text comprehension. These interventions were delayed-summary writing, delayed-keywords listing, delayed-diagram completion, self-explaining, concept mapping, rereading, and setting a comprehension-test expectancy. First, the general effectiveness of situation-model-approach interventions was examined. The results revealed that, across 28 effect sizes (comprising a total of 2,236 participants), situation-model-approach interventions exerted a medium positive effect (g = 0.46) on relative metacomprehension accuracy. Second, the interventions were examined individually. The results showed that, with the exception of self-explaining, each intervention had a significant positive effect on relative metacomprehension accuracy. Yet, there was a tendency for setting a comprehension-test expectancy to be particularly effective. A further meta-analysis on comprehension in the selected studies revealed that, overall, the situation-model-approach interventions were also beneficial for directly improving comprehension, albeit the effect was small. Taken together, the findings demonstrate the utility of situation-model-approach interventions for supporting self-regulated learning from texts.
The influence of distant coal seam edges on seismic hazard during longwall mining
Authors: Wojtecki Łukasz , Gołda Iwona , Mendecki Maciej J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderground coal seam mining has been carried out in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, for many years and with a simultaneous increase in exploitation depth. Frequently, coal seams are not fully extracted due to numerous reasons which lead to their edges and remnants remaining in the rock mass. Even in the case of the full extraction of a coal seam, mining usually ends at the border of a protecting pillar to protect underground or surface objects, sometimes at the border of the mining area, or some distance from the old goaf or high throw fault. Extraction of subsequent coal seams in an analogous range results in a cluster of coal seam edges remaining. In the vicinity of the mentioned remainders, the disrupted stress distribution is expected. The infraction of the aforementioned equilibrium repeatedly results in the occurrence of strong mining tremors. The observations from the studied coal seam no. 408’s longwall panel indicated that mining works are able to disturb the present stress-strain equilibrium in the area of the edges of other coal seams, even if they are located at a greater vertical distance away. The seismological parameters and distributions have been applied for this purpose.
Legitimization and Validity of Directives on Legal Interpretation on the Example of the Rule of Law Crisis in Poland
Authors: Piszko Robert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn case when the criteria for the validity of interpretative directives are not clearly defined and a political dispute arises, the dispute participant may refer to such interpretative directives, the use of which will determine the content of the law and determine the outcome of the political dispute. In this way a crisis of the legal order in Poland has occurred. Therefore, the aim of this article is to draw attention to the consequences of the undefined status of the directives of legal interpretation, the resulting need for legitimacy of the interpretation of the law, the role of legal views (legal doctrine) possible in this respect and the validation role of the interpretation custom in legal doctrine. The article consists of four parts. The first one describes the phenomena that have disrupted the traditional approach to the sources of law. The second part describes the traditional approach to the sources of the law. The third one proves that the traditional approach to the sources of law, in which the main role is fulfilled by normative acts, is incorrect, this part also indicates that the key role in this respect is played by spontaneous rules of law interpretation. The fourth part indicates the need to legitimize the interpretation of the law and the role of the interpretation custom in judicial doctrine. The research material includes parliamentary practice in Poland, practice of law interpretation and scientific studies on law interpretation. The research material was examined mainly using the method of linguistic analysis.
Transferlernen in der Biomedizin
Authors: Stumpf Patrick Simon , Schätzle Lisa-Katrin , Schuppert Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMachine learning is commonly employed to extract meaningful information from large and complex data. In situations where only scant data is available, algorithms can leverage abundant data from a separate (unrelated) context to address the learning problem. Here, we present two recently developed biomedical applications that take advantage of transfer learning to bridge the gap from model systems to human: single-cell label transfer and drug response prediction in patients.
Standardisierte mikroRNA-Analytik — die große Chance für Biomarkerstudien?
Authors: Fauth Maria , Saul Meike J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCirculating microRNAs (miRs) represent promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various diseases. Despite the high number of biomarker studies, the results of these studies are hardly reproducible. This makes it difficult to transfer the results into clinical application. In this context, acceptance criteria for the quantification of miRs by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) may help to standardize miR analysis and improve reproducibility.
Multi-target ddPCR Assays zur Detektion von KRAS- und NRAS-Mutationen
Authors: Hussung Saskia , Fritsch Ralph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDetection and quantification of tumor-derived mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) holds great potential for non-invasive tumor diagnostics and molecular monitoring. We developed highly sensitive discriminatory multi-target digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) assays covering 14 KRAS and NRAS hotspot mutations.
Unterrichtsbesprechungen im Praktikum – Konstruktivistische und transmissive Lernbegleitung durch Lehrkräftebildner/innen unterschiedlicher Institutionen
Authors: Beckmann Timo , Ehmke Timo 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungUnterrichtsbesprechungen sind eine zentrale Lerngelegenheit im Professionalisierungsprozess von Lehramtsstudierenden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde anhand von theoretischen Modellen zur Gesprächsführung und Reflexion untersucht, inwieweit die Gesprächsführung inn = 29 authentischen Unterrichtsnachbesprechungen während des Langzeitpraktikums Merkmale einer konstruktivistischen vs. transmissiven Orientierung aufweisen. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die Gespräche in Bezug auf die gewählten Merkmale stark voneinander unterscheiden. Auf Gruppenebene der Lehrkräftebildner/innen werden varianzanalytisch ebenfalls einzelne Unterschiede deutlich. So sind Gespräche von Mentor/innen eher kurz, beinhalten weniger Themen und Mentor/innen regen Studierende seltener zur Reflexion an, als Lehrende der Universität bzw. zweiten Ausbildungsphase dies tun. Darüber hinaus ergeben sich Korrelationen zwischen einzelnen Merkmalen, die zur Entwicklung von Gesprächsprofilen beitragen können. Die Studie trägt somit zu einem besseren Verständnis der Gesprächspraxis unterschiedlicher Lehrender bei und zeigt Möglichkeiten auf, wie die Lernbegleitung in Praxisphasen verbessert werden kann.
Das vormoderne Drama als Mediendispositiv
Authors: Ackermann Christiane 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungSchon die Vorrede zu den nachgelassenen Dramen Jacob Ayrers zeichnet ein recht genaues Bild von der dispositiven Wirkung Ayrerscher Dramatik, gleichwohl aus zeitgenössischer Perspektive und dient daher als Ausgangspunkt des vorliegenden Beitrags (1). Ayrers Dramen sind auf Lektüre angelegt – eine Lektüre, welche die Aufführungssituation mitzudenken hat und den Leser nicht nur zum Zuschauer eines imaginierten Theaterstückes macht, sondern auch zum Augenzeugen (historischen) Geschehens und Co-Produzenten von Geschichte. Die Abläufe der Projektion und Identifikation, in die der Rezipient involviert ist, lassen sich über den Begriff des ›Mediendispositivs‹ konzeptionell fassen (2). Die Verbindung von Historie mit literarischen Elementen zum einen und kulturellen Klischees zum anderen stört diese Imagination nicht (3). Sie befördert vielmehr den immersiven Effekt des medialen Dispositivs Drama, wie das Beispiel der Machumet-Tragedia zeigen soll (4). Der Aufsatz stellt so exemplarisch die Funktionsweise des ›Türkendramas‹ als Mediendispositiv vor, ein Dramentypus, dessen plurimediale Ästhetik an der Wende vom 16. zum 17. Jahrhundert mit Ayrer zu einem Höhepunkt gelangt.
A Derivation of Stiffness and Damping Coefficients for Short Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings with Pseudo-Plastic Lubricants
Authors: Tian Zhuxin , Chen Runchang 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTA new derivation considering the non-linear terms has been proposed to calculate stiffness and damping coefficients for short hydrodynamic journal bearings lubricated with pseudo-plastic fluids. The proposed method has relaxed the constraint of small perturbation method applicable to only small values of non-Newtonian factor α. An analytical solution is also given. The non-linear Reynolds equation is solved with a more reasonable boundary condition ∂p*/∂z* = 0 at the location of z*=0 while the analytical pressure distribution is obtained by seven-point Gauss-Legendre integral formula. When the non-dimensional non-Newtonian factor α is small, the stiffness and damping coefficients of computed by the proposed method can agree well with those from small perturbation method, which could verify the proposed derivation. As for large non-dimensional non-Newtonian factor α, the stiffness coefficients
$K_{XX}^*$
,
$K_{XY}^*$
and
$K_{YX}^*$
as well as the damping coefficients
$C_{XX}^*$
,
$C_{XY}^*$
and
$C_{YX}^*$
decrease with the increasing of non-dimensional non-Newtonian factor α. The significance of the derivation is that it can relax the constraint of small α and simplify the computation process.
The ciné-biologists: natural history film and the co-production of knowledge in interwar Britain
Authors: LONG MAX 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the production and reception of the natural history film seriesSecrets of Nature(1919–33) and its sequelSecrets of Life(1934–47), exploring what these films reveal about the role of cinema in public discourses about science and nature in interwar Britain. The first part of the article introduces theSecretsusing an ‘intermedial’ approach, linking the kinds of natural history that they displayed to contemporary trends in interwar popular science, from print publications to zoos. It examines how scientific knowledge was communicated in the series, especially the appeal to everyday experience as a vehicle to engage mass audiences with scientific subjects. The second part examines theSecretsseries through the lens of knowledge co-production, detailing how a range of different figures, including academic scientists, nature photographers, producers and teachers, became entangled in making the films. Recovering the term ‘ciné-biology’, it argues thatSecretsdeveloped a unique style of filmmaking that generated cultural space for the life sciences in British popular culture. The third part analyses two interwar cinema experiments to explore how audiences, imagined and real, shaped the kinds of natural knowledge characterized by theSecretsfilms.
SWADESHI CAPITALISM IN COLONIAL BOMBAY
Authors: VELKAR AASHISH 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines economic nationalism in India, specifically the role of capitalists in late colonial Bombay. It shows how swadeshi was the fulcrum that supported the expressions of nationalism and capitalism. The notion that Indian capital needed to be used for the benefit of Indian nationals became established as nationalist thought by the 1930s. Such swadeshi capitalism – Indian capital for Indian industries – recasts the notion of swadeshi as a broader, more sophisticated cultural response to colonialism and globalization. As capitalism transitioned from mercantile activities to capital-hungry industrialization, nationalism was itself reframed from being anti-colonial in 1905 to being anti-globalization by the 1950s. Swadeshi capitalism helped to overlay a radical, grittier form of economic nationalism over the intellectually driven version of the nineteenth century. Swadeshi, as a form of economic patriotism, can be distinguished from similar expressions of nationalism within the British empire and dominions. This article is an effort to decolonize the narratives of modern capitalism by shifting the focus away from the global West. It will appeal to readers interested in South Asian history, and those interested in cultural responses to globalization, the contested nature of economic nationalism, and histories of capitalism in the global South.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intellectual disability: sibling analysis in an intergenerational Danish cohort
Authors: Madley-Dowd Paul , Kalkbrenner Amy E. , Heuvelman Hein , Heron Jon , Zammit Stanley , Rai Dheeraj , Schendel Diana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal smoking has known adverse effects on fetal development. However, research on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intellectual disability (ID) is limited, and whether any associations are due to a causal effect or residual confounding is unknown.MethodCohort study of all Danish births between 1995 and 2012 (1 066 989 persons from 658 335 families after exclusions), with prospectively recorded data for cohort members, parents and siblings. We assessed the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (18.6% exposed, collected during prenatal visits) and offspring ID (8051 cases, measured using ICD-10 diagnosis codes F70–F79) using logistic generalised estimating equation regression models. Models were adjusted for confounders including measures of socio-economic status and parental psychiatric diagnoses and were adjusted for family averaged exposure between full siblings. Adjustment for a family averaged exposure allows calculation of the within-family effect of smoking on child outcomes which is robust against confounders that are shared between siblings.ResultsWe found increased odds of ID among those exposed to maternal smoking in pregnancy after confounder adjustment (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.28–1.42) which attenuated to a null effect following adjustment for family averaged exposure (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78–1.06).ConclusionsOur findings are inconsistent with a causal effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring ID risk. By estimating a within-family effect, our results suggest that prior associations were the result of unmeasured genetic or environmental characteristics of families in which the mother smokes during pregnancy.
The structure of developing semantic networks: Evidence from single and multiple nominal word associations in young monolingual and bilingual readers
Authors: Spätgens Tessa , Schoonen Rob 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe present study focuses on the effect of an important methodological choice in word association studies in children: the elicitation of single versus multiple responses. This choice has been shown to affect the numbers and types of associations adults produce, however, little is known about how it affects children’s word associations. A total of 11,725 associations to 80 nouns from 207 monolingual and bilingual minority children were classified according to a detailed coding system, and differences between the semantic characteristics of first, second, and third responses were examined. We show that in children as well, the multiple association task elicits more and qualitatively different responses, resulting in more diversified semantic networks surrounding the stimulus nouns. On the speaker level, reading comprehension scores were related differently to initial and later responses, suggesting a more complex measure of semantic knowledge emerges from the multiple word association task. No differences were found between monolingual and bilingual children’s associative preferences. We argue that the multiple association task produces more detailed data on language users’ semantic networks than the single association task, and suggest a number of ways in which this task could be employed in future research.
5-Alfa reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) gene rs523349 polymorphism is not associated with non-obstructive azoospermia in Turkish patients
Authors: Serdarogullari Munevver , Coban Onder , Yarkiner Zalihe , Gulec Yilmaz Seda , Akdeniz Tuba , Isbir Turgay 
Published: October 2020

SummarySpermatogenesis is an androgen-dependent event, and testosterone is the major androgen source. The enzyme 5-alpha reductase converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in testicular and peripheral tissues. Polymorphisms in genes encoding 5-alpha reductase may be associated with impaired male fertility. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between 5-alpha reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) gene rs523349 polymorphism and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in Turkish patients. The study included 75 NOA patients and 43 fertile men from Turkey. No significant relationship was found between SRD5A2 gene rs523349 polymorphism and male infertility (P = 0.071). There was a statistically significant difference in total testosterone level and total testis volume between NOA patients and the control groups, however there was no significant difference between serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels. Our results showed that SRD5A2 gene rs523349 polymorphism was not associated with NOA in Turkish patients.