bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudoaneurysm rupture presenting as bleeding from the cannulation site in a paediatric patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and congenital skin lesions requiring EXCOR® Paediatric ventricular assist device: a case report
Authors: Doi Yuji , Hamamoto Nao , Osaki Masaki , Ishido Motonori 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
EXCOR® Paediatric is used worldwide as a bridge-to-transplant treatment. It provides improved patient stability during the waiting period compared with previous ventricular assist device (VAD). However, investigations into complications which may occur among the paediatric population during long waiting periods are still sparse.

Case summary
We describe the case of a 7-year-old girl who presented with severe heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy. She also had a skin lesion which appeared soon after birth. She had received an EXCOR® implant and was waiting for heart transplant. Her skin lesion worsened after implantation and she suffered recurrent infections. Multiple bleeding episodes from the cannulation site occurred; therefore, surgical exploration of the bleeding was performed. She passed away during the procedure due to massive bleeding caused by rupture of a pseudoaneurysm caused by blood-stream infection.

Discussion
Patients with skin disease may be at increased risk of infection when on a VAD. Infections that occur during VAD therapy may cause serious complications such as pseudoaneurysm. The possibility of pseudoaneurysm should be considered when bleeding occurs in a patient on VAD.
Up and About: Older Adults’ Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Swedish Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kivi Marie , Hansson Isabelle , Bjälkebring Pär 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic related to (a) levels of worry, risk perception, and social distancing; (b) longitudinal effects on well-being; and (c) effects of worry, risk perception, and social distancing on well-being.

Methods
We analyzed annual changes in four aspects of well-being over 5 years (2015–2020): life satisfaction, financial satisfaction, self-rated health, and loneliness in a subsample (n = 1,071, aged 65–71) from a larger survey of Swedish older adults. The 2020 wave, collected March 26–April 2, included measures of worry, risk perception, and social distancing in response to COVID-19.

Results
(a) In relation to COVID-19: 44.9% worried about health, 69.5% about societal consequences, 25.1% about financial consequences; 86.4% perceived a high societal risk, 42.3% a high risk of infection, and 71.2% reported high levels of social distancing. (b) Well-being remained stable (life satisfaction and loneliness) or even increased (self-rated health and financial satisfaction) in 2020 compared to previous years. (c) More worry about health and financial consequences was related to lower scores in all four well-being measures. Higher societal worry and more social distancing were related to higher well-being.

Discussion
In the early stage of the pandemic, Swedish older adults on average rated their well-being as high as, or even higher than, previous years. However, those who worried more reported lower well-being. Our findings speak to the resilience, but also heterogeneity, among older adults during the pandemic. Further research, on a broad range of health factors and long-term psychological consequences, is needed.
Social, Emotional, and Existential Loneliness: A Test of the Multidimensional Concept
Authors: van Tilburg Theo G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Since the 1980s, most researchers have agreed on the concept of social and emotional loneliness as an unacceptable and negatively experienced discrepancy between realized and desired interpersonal relationships. For other researchers, existential loneliness stems from the realization that a human being is fundamentally alone, with the accompanying emptiness, sadness, and longing. This article examines whether instruments to measure these conceptualizations indicate a multidimensional concept.

Research Design and Methods
The 2019 observation of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (N = 1,316; aged 61–101 years; 52% women) included five direct questions about loneliness, the 11-item de Jong Gierveld social and emotional loneliness scale, and 14 items from the translated Existential Loneliness Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in Mplus.

Results
Five factors were observed: direct questions, social and emotional loneliness, and loneliness in relationships and meaninglessness in life. The intercorrelations among all five factors were positive. Emotional loneliness correlated most strongly with direct questions.

Discussion and Implications
Loneliness is multifaceted and means that one is not embedded in a personal network, misses closeness and intimacy, and lacks meaning in life. The emotional loneliness items most closely represent what people mean when they report loneliness.
Peddlers and the Policing of National Indifference in Palestine, 1920–1948
Authors: Kahlenberg Caroline 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article explores nationalism and consumption in British-mandate Palestine using a history-from-below approach. It focuses on Arab and Jewish peddlers who regularly crossed national, cultural, and geographic borders in order to conduct petty trade with customers. Colonial and nationalist actors worked hard to curb the ubiquitous presence of such peddlers for various reasons. First, British colonial officials regarded urban hawking as unhygienic, noisy, and not modern. Second, many Zionist actors deemed Jewish-Arab trade threatening to the Zionist principle of ‘Hebrew consumption’. Zionist leaders also expressed concern about the presence of Jewish peddlers whom they viewed as the antithesis of the idealized, Hebrew-speaking Zionist ‘New Jew’. Third, Palestinian Arab nationalists policed Arab peddlers who violated the six-month national strike in 1936 by continuing to hawk their goods. In short, in the eyes of various nationalist actors, these peddlers displayed ‘national indifference’ that needed to be controlled. By studying how nationalist actors policed everyday, small-scale peddler-consumer exchanges, we are able to understand how a ‘culture of nationalism’ arose in mandatory Palestine.
Modelling pulse fishery systems in data-limited situations
Authors: Grüss Arnaud , Bolser Derek G , Erisman Brad E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Per-recruit models have been widely used since the onset of modern fisheries science, particularly in data-limited situations. When the study fishery is a pulse fishery, namely a fishery operating over a brief period followed by a long fallow period, exploitation rates rather than fishing mortality rates are employed to calculate per-recruit quantities. The literature suggests that a discrete per-recruit model is more appropriate than a continuous per-recruit model when per-recruit quantities are expressed as a function of exploitation rates. For this reason, Erisman et al. [Erisman, B. E., Grüss, A., Mascarenas-Osorio, I., Lícon-González, H., Johnson, A. F., and López-Sagástegui, C. 2020. Balancing conservation and utilization in spawning aggregation fisheries: a trade-off analysis of an overexploited marine fish. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 77: 148–161.] recently developed a discrete per-recruit model to examine the impacts of altering exploitation rates for the Gulf corvina (Cynoscion othonopterus) pulse fishery. Using Erisman et al.’s (Erisman, B. E., Grüss, A., Mascarenas-Osorio, I., Lícon-González, H., Johnson, A. F., and López-Sagástegui, C. 2020. Balancing conservation and utilization in spawning aggregation fisheries: a trade-off analysis of an overexploited marine fish. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 77: 148–161.) data, we demonstrate in detail that, under certain conditions, it is reasonable to employ a continuous per-recruit model for a pulse fishery system. We then use the designed continuous per-recruit model to demonstrate how the timing of the pulse fishery within the year relative to the timing of reproduction can be accounted for in a per-recruit model, and we explore the impacts of these model developments. This article serves as a strong basis for future studies that model pulse fishery systems in data-limited situations.
On Morin Configurations of Higher Length
Authors: Kapustka Grzegorz , Verra Alessandro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper studies finite Morin configurations $F$ of planes in $\mathbb P^5$ having higher length—a question naturally related to the theory of Gushel–Mukai varieties. The uniqueness of the configuration of maximal cardinality $20$ is proven. This is related to the canonical genus $6$ curve $C_{\ell }$ union of the $10$ lines in a smooth quintic Del Pezzo surface $Y$ in $\mathbb P^5$ and to the Petersen graph. More in general an irreducible family of special configurations of length $\geq 11$, we name as Morin–Del Pezzo configurations, is considered and studied. This includes the configuration of maximal cardinality and families of configurations of lenght $\geq 16$, previously unknown. It depends on $9$ moduli and is defined via the family of nodal and rational canonical curves of $Y$. The special relations between Morin–Del Pezzo configurations and the geometry of special threefolds, like the Igusa quartic or its dual Segre primal, are focused.
Refining Boolean queries to identify relevant studies for systematic review updates
Authors: Alharbi Amal , Stevenson Mark 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Systematic reviews are important in health care but are expensive to produce and maintain. The authors explore the use of automated transformations of Boolean queries to improve the identification of relevant studies for updates to systematic reviews.

Materials and Methods
A set of query transformations, including operator substitution, query expansion, and query reduction, were used to iteratively modify the Boolean query used for the original systematic review. The most effective transformation at each stage is identified using information about the studies included and excluded from the original review. A dataset consisting of 22 systematic reviews was used for evaluation. Updated queries were evaluated using the included and excluded studies from the updated version of the review. Recall and precision were used as evaluation measures.

Results
The updated queries were more effective than the ones used for the original review, in terms of both precision and recall. The overall number of documents retrieved was reduced by more than half, while the number of relevant documents found increased by 10.3%.

Conclusions
Identification of relevant studies for updates to systematic reviews can be carried out more effectively by using information about the included and excluded studies from the original review to produce improved Boolean queries. These updated queries reduce the overall number of documents retrieved while also increasing the number of relevant documents identified, thereby representing a considerable reduction in effort required by systematic reviewers.
Gamma-Butyrolactone Overdose Potentially Complicated by Co-Ingestion of Industrial Solvent N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone
Authors: Melamed Jonathan , Gerona Roy , Blanc Paul D , Takamoto Paul , Conner Stephanie , Goodnough Robert 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is misused as an intoxicant, either alone or concurrently with other substances. Because GHB is illegal, the precursor chemicals 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone are also misused for the same effect, either through pre-ingestion alteration or endogenous metabolism to GHB. We describe a case of a 50-year-old man with a history of polysubstance misuse who experienced an overdose of GHB from gamma-butyrolactone ingestion. The patient also co-ingested a common industrial solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). This co-ingested substance raised theoretical concern of metabolism to a GHB congener, underscoring that the emergence of new psychoactive substance use patterns requires ongoing vigilance and toxicologic confirmation.
Updated evidence on oncological outcomes of surgery versus external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Taguchi Satoru , Shiraishi Kenshiro , Fukuhara Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Radical prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy are recognized as comparable treatment options for localized prostate cancer. Previous studies of oncological outcomes of surgery versus radiotherapy have reported their comparability or possible superiority of surgery. However, the issue of which treatment is better remains controversial. Several factors make fair comparison of their outcomes difficult: different patient backgrounds caused by selection bias, different definitions of biochemical recurrence and different complication profiles between the treatment modalities. In 2016, the first large randomized controlled trial was published, which compared radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy and active monitoring in localized prostate cancer. More recently, another study has reported comparative outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and volumetric modulated arc therapy, as the leading surgery and radiotherapy techniques, respectively. Furthermore, there has been a trend toward combining external beam radiotherapy with brachytherapy boost, especially in patients with high-risk prostate cancer. This review summarizes the updated evidence on oncological outcomes of surgery versus external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer.
Preliminary Results from a Structural Conversion Thinning Trial in Eastern Canada
Authors: Dupont-Leduc Laurie , Schneider Robert , Sirois Luc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2008, a thinning trial consisting in the removal of competitors around high growth potential stems (crop trees, CTs) was initiated as the first step of a structural conversion to transform even-aged stands into uneven-aged stands. Two intensities of thinning by CT release and thinning from below were tested in white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantations and in balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill)—dominated naturally regenerated stands. Unlike thinning from below, which aims to remove poor quality stems to improve the growth of residual trees, thinning by CT release aims to reduce competition between dominant trees. Trees thinned by CT release showed a significantly higher diameter at breast height increment than those in the control plots. CT release did not significantly increase stand structure, nor did it reduce stand growth, which helps to address the concerns of regional forest stakeholders. CT release may offer other benefits in the long term, but subsequent interventions are necessary to evaluate if this treatment meets the desired objectives.
Identity struggles during resettlement: An ethnographic approach of internally displaced adolescent mothers in Bogotá
Authors: Cadena-Camargo Yazmin , Krumeich Anja , Duque-Páramo Maria Claudia , Horstman Klasien 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Many internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Colombia are teenage mothers, who experience unique gendered identity struggles in the rural areas where they were born and during processes of displacement and resettlement. We chose an ethnographic approach both to collect the life stories of 20 displaced adolescent mothers who had resettled in Bogotá and to conduct eight workshops. The analysis shows that the participants struggled with their identities as ‘women’ in the rural areas in the context of violence and armed conflict when they faced motherhood while still being adolescent and becoming displaced and when they embraced the formal ‘displaced person’ identity while enduring difficulties with the receptor communities during resettlement. The new identity status as ‘displaced’ that they wished for as a basis for benefits does not imply that the identity struggles are over. Our analysis shows that the gendered struggles of adolescent IDP mothers with multiple identities that are not easily aligned are accumulating, resulting in a complex challenge during resettling.
Omental infarction with liquefied necrosis after Roux Y gastric bypass: case report and literature review
Authors: Alwatari Yahya , Gerrish Ashley , Ayalew Dawit , Campos Guilherme M , Salluzzo Jennifer L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Omental infarction is a rare phenomenon that can be idiopathic or secondary to a surgical intervention. Greater omentum division has been advocated to decrease tension at the gastro-jejunal anastomosis during laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). We report a case of omental infraction complicated by liquefied infected necrosis presenting 3 weeks after antecolic antegastric RYGB. The patient underwent laparotomy and subtotal omentectomy with a protracted hospital course due to intra-abdominal abscesses, acute kidney injury and small bowel obstruction that were successfully managed non-operatively. We reviewed the available literature on omental infarction after RYGB, focusing on associated symptoms, possible etiology, timing of presentation, management and propose an alternative technique without omental division.
Canditate metabolites for ash dieback tolerance in Fraxinus excelsior
Authors: Nemesio-Gorriz Miguel , Menezes Riya C , Paetz Christian , Hammerbacher Almuth , Steenackers Marijke , Schamp Kurt , Höfte Monica , Svatoš Aleš , Gershenzon Jonathan , Douglas Gerry C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAsh dieback, a forest epidemic caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, threatens ash trees throughout Europe. Within Fraxinus excelsior populations, a small proportion of genotypes show a low susceptibility to the pathogen. We compared the metabolomes from a cohort of low-susceptibility ash genotypes with a cohort of high-susceptibility ash genotypes. This revealed two significantly different chemotypes. A total of 64 candidate metabolites associated with reduced or increased susceptibility in the chemical families secoiridoids, coumarins, flavonoids, phenylethanoids, and lignans. Increased levels of two coumarins, fraxetin and esculetin, were strongly associated with reduced susceptibility to ash dieback. Both coumarins inhibited the growth of H. fraxineus in vitro when supplied at physiological concentrations, thereby validating their role as markers for low susceptibility to ash dieback. Similarly, fungal growth inhibition was observed when the methanolic bark extract of low-susceptibility ash genotypes was supplied. Our findings indicate the presence of constitutive chemical defense barriers against ash dieback in ash.
Stochastic modelling of star-formation histories II: star-formation variability from molecular clouds and gas inflow
Authors: Tacchella Sandro , Forbes John C , Caplar Neven 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
A key uncertainty in galaxy evolution is the physics regulating star formation, ranging from small-scale processes related to the life-cycle of molecular clouds within galaxies to large-scale processes such as gas accretion on to galaxies. We study the imprint of such processes on the time-variability of star formation with an analytical approach tracking the gas mass of galaxies (‘regulator model’). Specifically, we quantify the strength of the fluctuation in the star-formation rate (SFR) on different time-scales, i.e. the power spectral density (PSD) of the star-formation history, and connect it to gas inflow and the life-cycle of molecular clouds. We show that in the general case the PSD of the SFR has three breaks, corresponding to the correlation time of the inflow rate, the equilibrium time-scale of the gas reservoir of the galaxy, and the average lifetime of individual molecular clouds. On long and intermediate time-scales (relative to the dynamical time-scale of the galaxy), the PSD is typically set by the variability of the inflow rate and the interplay between outflows and gas depletion. On short time-scales, the PSD shows an additional component related to the life-cycle of molecular clouds, which can be described by a damped random walk with a power-law slope of β ≈ 2 at high frequencies with a break near the average cloud lifetime. We discuss star-formation ‘burstiness’ in a wide range of galaxy regimes, study the evolution of galaxies about the main sequence ridgeline, and explore the applicability of our method for understanding the star-formation process on cloud-scale from galaxy-integrated measurements.
Effect of hemodiafiltration on measured physical activity: primary results of the HDFIT randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Larkin John , Poli-de-Figueiredo Carlos Eduardo , Cuvello-Neto Américo Lourenço , Barra Ana Beatriz Lesqueves , Gonçalves Priscila Bezerra , Sheth Shimul , Guedes Murilo , Han Maggie , Calice-Silva Viviane , de Castro Manuel Carlos Martins , Kotanko Peter , de Moraes Thyago Proenca , Raimann Jochen G , Canziani Maria Eugenia F ,   the HDFIT Study Investigators
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Dialysis patients are typically inactive and their physical activity (PA) decreases over time. Uremic toxicity has been suggested as a potential causal factor of low PA in dialysis patients. Post-dilution high-volume online hemodiafiltration (HDF) provides greater higher molecular weight removal and studies suggest better clinical/patient-reported outcomes compared with hemodialysis (HD).

Methods
HDFIT was a randomized controlled trial at 13 clinics in Brazil that aimed to investigate the effects of HDF on measured PA (step counts) as a primary outcome. Stable HD patients (vintage 3–24 months) were randomized to receive HDF or high-flux HD. Treatment effect of HDF on the primary outcome from baseline to 3 and 6 months was estimated using a linear mixed-effects model.

Results
We randomized 195 patients (HDF 97; HD 98) between August 2016 and October 2017. Despite the achievement of a high convective volume in the majority of sessions and a positive impact on solute removal, the treatment effect HDF on the primary outcome was +538 [95% confidence interval (CI) −330 to 1407] steps/24 h after dialysis compared with HD, and was not statistically significant. Despite a lack of statistical significance, the observed size of the treatment effect was modest and driven by steps taken between 1.5 and 24.0 h after dialysis, in particular between 20 and 24 h (+197 steps; 95% CI −95 to 488).

Conclusions
HDF did not have a statistically significant treatment effect on PA 24 h following dialysis, albeit effect sizes may be clinically meaningful and deserve further investigation.