bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Colorimetric Dinitrophenylhydrazine Method for the Determination of Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase Activity
Authors: Annino J S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Study of the colorimetric transaminase method of Reitman and Frankel for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity revealed the following: (1) although maximum absorption occurs at 444 mµ, absorbance readings at 505 mµ gave satisfactory results; (2) color development is immediate and the color is stable for at least 1 hr.; (3) a pyruvate calibration standard may be used; (4) sample blanks are not usually necessary; (5) a reagent blank should accompany each group of analyses and should be used as a photometric reference; (6) the relationship between dilution and enzyme activity is linear; and (7) although the relationship between incubation time and activity is not exactly linear, a factor has been determined to permit the use of a 12-min. incubation period with samples showing high enzyme activity.
The Photometric Microdetermination of Serum Total Globulins with a Tryptophan Reaction: A Modified Procedure
Authors: Saifer Abraham , Marven Thelma 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A previously described colorimetric method for determination of total serum globulins by means of a tryptophan reaction is applied to the determination of total globulins isolated from serum by precipitation with 2% trichloracetic acid in ethanol.
A Simplified Method for Butanol-Extractable Iodine and Butanol-Insoluble Iodine
Authors: Benotti Joseph , Pino Samuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simplified method is presented for the determination of butanol-extractable iodine(BEI). The results compare favorably with the original method as described by Man et al. Also available, as part of the procedure for BEI, is a direct chemical determination for butanol-insoluble iodine (Bll) from the same specimen of serum. Heretofore,nonbutanol-extractable iodine has been studied only by means of radioactivity. This fraction merits further investigation.
Enzyme Fractionation by Means of Large- Scale Continuous- Flow Electrophoresis
Authors: Winsten Seymour , Jackson Jeanne , Wolf Paula 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Large- scale, microglass bead, continuous- flow electrophoresis was used to separateand collect protein fractions from a single serum sample. These fractions were assayed for a multiplicity of enzyme activities. Relatively good recovery was obtained with lactic acid dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, and phosphohexoseisomerase. Artifactually high recoveries were observed with aldotase and isocitric acid dehydrogenase. The increase observed in aldolase activity may be due to a pH effect.
Kinetic Aspects of Cyanmethemoglobin Formation from Carboxyhemoglobin
Authors: Rodkey F Lee 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The conversion of carboxy hemoglobin (HbCO) to cyanmethemoglobin (MHbCN) by Drabkin's reagent has been shown to be considerably slower than is the same reaction with oxyhemoglobin(Hb02). Conversion of Hb02 to MHbCN is complete in 10 min. whereas total conversion of HbCO requires 90-120 min. This difference in reaction rate must be considered in the determination of total hemoglobin as MHbCN when the blood contains appreciable HbCO.
An Enzymatic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Xanthine and Hypoxanthine
Authors: Klinenberg James R , Goldfinger Stephen , Bradley Kathryn H , Seegmiller J Edwin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for determining the total content of the oxypurines xanthine and hypoxanthine in urine is described which is technically simplified and has greater specificity than existing methods. This method is highly specific, reproducible, and accurate. It also allows an estimation of the present xanthine and hypoxanthine in the urine without performing any additional measurements. When applied to plasma, special concentrating procedures are required and the method is therefore less precise.
Measurement of Total Body Hemoglobin by Bloodless Technic
Authors: Katchman Bernard J , Murphy James P F , Offner Kenneth M , Fox Jerome C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The theory and methodology for the determination of total body hemoglobin by Sjostrand's closed breathing technic has been evaluated. The results show that it is possible to determine total body hemoglobin from the measurement of alveolar carbon monoxide concentrations. A system for closed breathing measurement was designed and assembled which permits continuous monitoring of alveolar carbon monoxide and oxygen. Improvements in this system are suggested such that total body hemoglobin may be read out directly, from the determination of alveolar carbon monoxide concentrations, by means of a sensitive infrared analyzer. Such measurements of total body hemoglobin have a high correlation coefficient with measurements of total body hemoglobin made by the Risa (radioiodinated serum albumin) blood volume technic.
A Method for the Determination of Extracellular Space with 3H Inulin
Authors: Addanki Somasundaram , Cahill F Dallas , Sotos Juan F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for the extraction and quantitation of 3H inulin from tissues is described. This method does not require either combustion technics or time-consuming acid extraction procedures. Inulin is as soluble in the liquid scintillation medium as it is in water. Therefore, hot-water tissue extracts without further treatment were employed to quantitate 3H inulin. Nearly 100% recovery was obtained when different 3H inulin internal standards were added either to water or to tissue homogenates. The values obtained with this method for the extracellular space of different tissues of the rat agree with those reported in the literature.
Rapid Fluorometric Assay for Plasma Warfarin
Authors: Corn Milton , Berberich Robert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Acetone alters the ultraviolet absorption characteristics of warfarin (3-(α-acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin) and increases the intensity of fluorescent emission. Fluorescence of warfarin in acetone is markedly decreased by acidification. These phenomena provide the basis for a rapid, simple assay for plasma warfarin.
Hyperfibrinogenemia in Schizophrenia
Authors: Seal Ulysses S , Swaim William R , Eist Harold 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The mean plasma fibrinogen concentrations in one group each of newly admitted and institutionalized male schizophrenic patients were found to be significantly increased (p &lt; 0.001) above normal. The results could not be attributed to occult medical disease.
A Simplified Method for the Analysis of Ultracentrifuge Film Records of Low-Density Lipoproteins of Human Serum
Authors: de Lalla Oliver F , Tandy Robert K , Loeb Harold G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A convenient method has been devised for analyzing ultracentrifuge film records of human serum lipoproteins. It is based on a template that can be constructed by the investigator according to the operational factors peculiar to his ultracentrifuge system. The film patterns are projected and traced on the template, the boundary limits of each lipoprotein class are located by reference to the template grid, and the concentrations are determined by polar planimetry. Simple procedures are incorporated that correct without loss of accuracy for the effect of concentration on sedimentation rate and for the Ogston-Johnston effect. In a test of 56 samples of human serum, the results obtained with this procedure did not differ significantly (p = 0.2) from those obtained with the conventional complex calculations.
An Automated Alkaline Phosphatase Assay with Phenolphthalein Monophosphate as Substrate
Authors: Hviid Kirsten 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The manual procedure of Babson et al. (1) for the determination of serum alkaline phosphatase has been automated. The assay is based on the colorimetric determination of phenolphthalein formed on hydrolysis of phenolphthalein monophosphate. The procedure utilizes 0.16 ml. of serum without dialysis. Blanks are required only for turbid sera. Results are compared with those obtained by the manual procedure, and data relating to sample interaction, precision, blank values, and normal values are presented.
Abbreviation of the Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Hainline Adrian , Keller Dan F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The glucose tolerance test for reasons of convenience, economy, and, patient comfort can and should be abbreviated to test lasting 2 hr. when used to screen patients for diabetes mellitus. Studies of the laboratory results obtained from glucose tolerance testing substantiate previous observations that the fasting blood sugar level is an inadequate measure of carbohydrate intolerance. Definitive information may be obtained from specimens of blood collected at 1 and 2 hr. following the administration of glucose or carbohydrate hydrolysate. Such an abbreviation with permit the glucose tolerance test to be applied to more patients. Individuals with positive response should be further tested under controlled conditions before a diagnosis is made on the basis of the tolerance testing.
Automated Potentiometric Determination of Inorganic Blood Constituents (Na+, K+, H+, CI )
Authors: Dahms H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A system containing specific electrodes for inorganic constituents (Na+, K+, H+, Cl-)in blood has been developed which is automated with respect to sampling, calibration, and data acquisition and processing. The hardware that was built for the system included glass capillary electrodes, silver capillary electrode, special reference electrode, rotary valve, thermostatting and electrically shielding container, and probe selector-amplifier. Suitable standard solutions for the automatic calibration cycle were formulated and have been compared against primary standards. The computer programs for processing the data are briefly described. Data on the performance of the system (precision, speed, volume of specimen) are given.
The Reitman-Frankel Colorimetric Transaminase Procedure in Suspected Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Crowley Leonard V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Reitman-Frankel transaminase method is a useful procedure in the evaluation of suspected myocardial infarction. Analysis of data from patients with myocardial infarction admitted to a 500 bed general hospital over a 5 year period revealed that the colorimetric procedure provided a 94% correlation with myocardial infarction established by clinical and electrocardiographic criteria. There was complete correlation in fatal cases where diagnosis of myocardial infarction was established by autopsy. The diagnostic usefulness of the colorimetric procedure would not have been improved significantly in this series by establishing a more narrow range of normal.
Precision Estimates in Clinical Chemistry
Authors: Bowers G N , Kelley M L , McComb R B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The precision of replicate analyses for alkaline phosphataseactivity measured on a survey reference sample was extremely poor. The reference sample's enzyme itself became suspect and was demonstrated to be sensitive to alkaline denaturation-in sharp contrast to the stability of the alkaline phosphatasesfound in human serum. The stability and chemical reactivity of the phosphatases present in this reference sample and in pooled frozen human serum, as well as those found in 4 partially purified nonhuman preparations and 4 commercial serum control materials, were investigated with regard to heat and alkaline denaturation, electrophoretic migration, and inhibition by phosphate, EDTA, and L-pheflylalanine. It was concluded that criteria of stability and chemical reactivity, as well as more detailed information concerning the source of enzymes utilized in reference samples and control materials, are needed. On the basis of these studies, reliance on commercial serum enzyme control materials as an enzyme "standard" cannot be endorsed.
Automated Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Klein Bernard , Kaufman James H , Oklander Morris 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simplified flow system is presented for the determination of calcium in urine and spinal fluid, by automated atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Analysis following the addition of calcium to urine or spinal fluid specimens showed a mean recovery of 103% and 99%, respectively. A comparison of results of analyses on unselected urine specimens by manual and automated AAS shows good agreement.
Glycerol Lubricant: Potential Source of Error in Commercially Prepared Blood Specimen Tubes
Authors: Baum David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Glycerol used to lubricate the rubber stoppers capping certain commercially prepared blood specimen tubes (Vacutainers*) is a source of error when glycerol determinations are performed on blood collected in these tubes. It is suggested that the lubricant utilized in commercial preparation of collection tubes be designated prominently on labels and that further use of glycerol as a lubricant be eliminated.
Studies of Sampling Times in a Continuous Flow Analytic System
Authors: Young D S , Montague R M , Snider R R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An optical measuring device with electrical timing unit was designed to identify the aspiration of inadequate volumes of samples into AutoAnalyzers. The device measures the duration of transit of solutions past a fixed point in the sample line. Considerable differences in transit times are found under normal operating conditions when standard Technicon components are used. The variation in transit times is greater between sampler modules than when the same module is used. Documentation of duration of sample aspiration in publications describing AutoAnalyzer methods would facilitate comparison of results between laboratories. A modification of the Technicon Model II sampler unit is described which markedly reduces the variation in sample aspiration.
Freezing as a Method of Preserving Blood Ammonia
Authors: Lowe William C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The influence of temperature on in-vitro generation of ammonia in whole blood was evaluated. It was found that when blood was placed in a freezer at -20 to -25° there was no significant rise of blood ammonia levels even after 8 days of storage. There was a gradual rise when blood was placed in a refrigerator with the temperature at about 4° and a more rapid rise at room temperature. The inhibition of ammonia production at a temperature below -20° facilitates the laboratory procedure when it is necessarily delayed.
A New Rapid Method for the Determination of Serum Lipase
Authors: Dirstine Philip H , Sobel Charles , Henry Richard J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new method is described for the determination of serum lipase using olive oil as substrate, and photometric, copper soap analysis for the measurement of fatty acids formed. The great sensitivity of this technic for measurement of the fatty acids permits a 30-min. incubation time and the use of 0.1 ml. serum. The reaction is zero order for this time period. Other aspects of the enzyme kinetics were studied and the normal values determined.
A Simplified, Economic, Working "Computer-Assisted Laboratory Information System" (CALIS)
Authors: Cillo Anthony A , Schopp Richard A , Klionsky Bernard , Amenta Joseph S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An operational computer-assisted laboratory information system is presented. This system simplifies the clerical operations at the nursing station, in the accounting office, and in the laboratory. It permits utilization of shared computer facilities on an economic basis for the preparation of improved clinical reports and for more effective laboratory control, teaching, consultation, and administration. Computer transfer of the data to tape and a tape drive accessory will provide data retrieval.
Blood Oxygen Capacity
Authors: Clauvel M , Schwartz K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
During determination of the oxygen capacity of blood by the Van Slyke method (1), the following adaptations were made in order to reduce errors: (1) Blood was equilibrated with water-saturated air in a siliconized tonometer. (2) The determination of the oxygen content of the sample was carried out immediately after equilibration. (3) Triton was used instead of saponin in the ferricyanide reagent. (4) Special care was taken in the preparation and storage of the dithionite reagent, which should be prepared fresh daily and stored in the dark at 4°. The hemoglobin content and oxygen capacity, measured by the modified technic, were compared in a series of 36 samples of human blood.
Plasminogen Assay
Authors: Swaim William R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An indirect caseinolytic assay for plasminogen utilizing acid-treated plasma or serum and optimal concentrations of streptokinase is described. A linear response to increasing plasma or serum concentrations was observed. An acid-treated plasma or serum sample is preferable to euglobulin. The method is simple, precise, and reproducible.
Determination of Organic Iodine Compounds in Serum
Authors: Pileggi Vincent J , Kessler Gerald 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Unidentified substances in acetic acid column eluates, obtained in the determination of serum thyroxine by column chromatography with the anion-exchange resin Dowex-1, prevented the direct determination of thyroxine by interference with the iodidecatalyzed ceric-arsenite reaction. Pretreatment of the eluates with Br2 or Cl2 eliminated the interference and permitted the direct assay of thyroxine by the ceric-arsenite system without incineration or wet digestion. Pretreatment with Br2 or Cl2 also significantly enhanced the catalytic activity of thyroxine, rendering its iodine nearly equivalent to inorganic iodide in the ceric-arsenite system. This nonincineration thyroxine assay is significantly more specific than methods that employ wet or dry ashing, because many organic iodine compounds used in diagnosis and therapy are not measured. A comparison of the nonincineration technic with the alkaline dry-ash method on 110 random serums revealed a mean difference of 0.13 µg./100 ml. (X = 4.5 µg./ 100 ml.), with the nonincineration technic yielding the higher result. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p&lt; 0.001).
Fluorometric Measurement of Fecal Bile Acids
Authors: Forman Donald T , Phillips Charles , Eiseman Walter , Taylor C Bruce 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the fluorometric determination of fecal bile acids. The method combines solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) isolation technics with a fluorometric method for measuring total bile acids. Recoveries of individual bile acids added to feces averaged 107% with a standard deviation of ± 5.6%. Bile acid excretion in normal human subjects on a self-selected mixed diet ranged from 196 to 460 mg. total bile acids per 24 hr.
SYMPOSIUM ON URINARY CONSTITUENTS OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT Session II
Authors: Guri Charles D , Cole Leonard J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Urinary deoxycytidine and other pyrimidines have been studied in rats after wholebody irradiation. Utilizing combined column and paper chromatography and colorimetric determination of the isolated deoxycytidine, significant elevations in the excretion of this compound were observed during the first 24 hr. after irradiation. An increased concentration of deoxycytidine in the plasma was also observed within 4 hr. after X-irradiation. Utilizing both anion- and cation-exchange chromatography, X-irradiation has been shown to produce an increase in several other pyrimidines, including derivatives of the bases cytosine, thymine, and uracil. While the data were suggestive of a radiation-induced generalized pyrimidinuria, urinary deoxycytidine and thymidine demonstrated remarkable elevation and were predominantly responsible for this phenomenon.
Low Specific Gravity Syndrome
Authors: Gillen H W , Pippinger C E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Data strongly suggest that the longer patients have been treated in New Castle State Hospital, the higher the probability that they will demonstrate the low specific gravity syndrome. It is believed that a probably unrecognized alteration in human water metabolism among institutionalized patients who have chronic, severe epilepsy and who have been administered anticonvulsant drugs for many years has been documented. The drugs most commonly used within this population are diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital. Each compound is reported to affect (albeit oppositely) the release of ADH, and both affect cellular enzyme systems related to water and/or electrolyte metabolism.
A New Method for the Microdetermination of Free and Total Nonprotein-bound Tryptophan in Plasma
Authors: Rio María Esther , Sanahuja Juan Claudio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new technic for the determination of tryptophan in plasma, based on the tryptophan-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reaction, is described. It provides a method for the determination of as little as 20 µg. of tryptophan and also permits the determination of bound tryptophan in nonprecipitable peptides, using 10% perchloric acid as the deproteinizing agent.
Application of Thin-Layer Chromatographic Zonal 14C-Profile Scans to the Analysis of Urinary Constituents Derived from Lipids
Authors: Snyder Fred , Cress Edgar A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has been a useful tool in the analysis of numerous urinary constituents; as in most applications of adsorption TLC, it is best used in conjunction with other chromatographic processes. The application of TLC to the resolution of polar urinary products derived from lipids is shown for the metabolism of a 14C-labeled fatty acid and a 14C-labeled glyceryl thioether. An automatic system, including fraction collection of adsorbent, pipetting, data transmission, and computer calculations, was used to obtain the TLC zonal 14C profiles.
Optimum Reaction Conditions for Human Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes as They Affect Total Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity
Authors: Gay Royal J , McComb Robert B , Bowers George N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Optimum reaction conditions at 30° ± 0.5° for two continuous spectrophotometric assay procedures, lactate to pyruvate (L → P) and pyruvate to lactate (P → L), were determined with respect to pH at 30° (pH30) substrate concentration, and coenzyme concentration for the human LDH isoenzymes.
For the P → L procedure, broad pH30 optima were within the range of 7.20-7.40 for all the LDH isoenzymes. The coenzyme optima were identical for all of the isoenzymes tested at a reduced NAD concentration of 1.5 x 10-4 M. Pyruvate substrate optima ranged from 7.5 x 10-4 M for LDH1 to 1.7 x 10-3 M for LDH5 at pH30 7.30.
For the L → P procedure, the pH30 optima were within the range of 8.30-8.88 for the LDH5 through LDH1 isoenzymes, respectively. Optimum activity was obtained at a NAD concentration of 6.0 x 10-3 M and remained constant at least to 1.8 x 10-2 M for each of the isoenzymes tested. L-Lactate substrate optima ranged from 4.0 x 10-2 M for LDH1 to at least 7.2 x 10-2 M for LDH5.
From the isoenzyme studies, the degree of variation possibly involved in either method due to variations in isoenzyme distribution was calculated for total LDH samples. These calculations showed that both methods, P → L and L → P, were essentially equivalent. This equivalency was verified by a comparative study of the two methods on human serum samples.