bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VP59 The MedicineWise App: Extended Applications Beyond Medicine Management
Authors: Yu Kitty , Dartnell Jonathan 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionThe MedicineWise app is a free consumer health and medicine management app developed by NPS MedicineWise. With 107,000+ downloads and 78,000+ active sessions per month, the MedicineWise app's core functions include: keeping track current medicines lists, medicine dose reminders and recording health conditions, allergies, test results and other health information. Recent enhancements also enabled the app to deliver featured health- and medicine-related content to users based on their medicines and/or health conditions. The goal is to maximise the MedicineWise app's capabilities by personalizing to users’ needs and combining with health professional interventions when needed, to encourage better delivery of health and medicines information and improve medication adherence and health outcomes.MethodsA number of personalized medicines management service offerings were created by combining a technology solution using the MedicineWise app (including the app's core functions as well as added targeted content delivery capability) with a humanistic solution (a health professional-mediated phone-based coaching service). MedicineWise app features were developed iteratively using a human-centred design approach. Consumers were involved in the design, prototyping and testing stages before the features moved to technical-build stage.ResultsThree use-cases will be presented to demonstrate how the MedicineWise app was used to provide personalized medicines management service offerings. These include: (1) curating relevant content and delivering push notifications to users for health conditions including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis; (2) providing a triaged medication adherence support program with escalating levels of intervention for heart failure patients; and (3) collecting user-reported medication usage data and data monitoring by health professionals to provide support for heart failure patients.ConclusionsThe utility of MedicineWise app can be extended to provide personalized medicines management service offerings in the consumer health care space.
The Magnetic Structure of the Solar Wind: Ionic Composition and the Electron Strahl
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo determine (1) whether there is an ion‐composition (helium abundance) structure of the solar wind plasma at 1 AU that corresponds to the magnetic structure of the solar wind and to determine (2) whether the changes in the intensity of the electron heat flux correspond to magnetic boundaries, times when the alpha‐to‐proton number density ratio clearly changes and times when the outward‐electron‐strahl intensity clearly changes are collected. Then whether those times correspond to the locations of strong current sheets (directional discontinuities and flux‐tube walls) in the solar wind was statistically determined. In both cases (ion composition and strahl), the changes correspond to current‐sheet crossings. This indicates that flux‐tube walls statistically correspond to boundaries in the ion composition and the heat‐flux intensity. The implications for a fossil‐flux‐tube picture of the magnetic structure and an MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) turbulence picture of the structure are discussed.
A Wave Model and Diffusion Coefficients for Plasmaspheric Hiss Parameterized by Plasmapause Location
Authors: Malaspina David M. , Zhu Hui , Drozdov Alexander Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe scattering of electrons via plasmaspheric hiss whistler‐mode plasma waves has profound consequences for the dynamics of electrons in the inner terrestrial magnetosphere, including the radiation belts. Consequently, simulations of inner magnetospheric electron dynamics incorporate hiss wave models, though these models are often parameterized by quantities convenient to describe particle populations (e.g., L shell). However, recent studies have revealed that the spatial distribution of plasmaspheric hiss wave power is only weakly dependent on L shell. Instead, it is dictated by the density structure of the plasmasphere (including radial extent and azimuthal structure). In this work, we create a plasmaspheric hiss wave model, and corresponding particle diffusion coefficients, parameterized by plasmapause location instead of L shell, in order to quantify the importance of including plasmapause organization of hiss waves for inner magnetosphere models. Noticeable differences in electron scattering lifetimes are found when comparing L shell parameterized hiss and plasmapause‐parameterized hiss wave models on the timescales of days for 1 MeV electrons. Comparison of the lifetimes calculated from diffusion around the loss cone also show differences between L shell‐ and plasmapause‐parameterized hiss models. This implies that plasmapause parameterization of hiss waves may be important for modeling specific geomagnetic events.
Composition, Diversity and Functional Analysis of the Modern Microbiome of the Middle Triassic Cava Superiore Beds (Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland)
Authors: Arif Sania , Reitner Joachim , Hoppert Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOrganic-rich laminated shales and limestones from the Monte San Giorgio (Lugano Prealps, Switzerland) are known as famous fossil lagerstätten for excellently preserved fossils from the Middle Triassic Period. The various bituminous shales from Monte San Giorgio are thermally immature and rich in diverse organic compounds, which provide unique substrates for active soil microbial communities. We selected the Cava superior beds of the Acqua del Ghiffo site for this study. To investigate its microbial structure and diversity, contig assembly, Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) clustering, and rarefaction analysis were performed for bacterial 16S rDNA preparations from bituminous and non-bituminous limestone strata with the MetaAmp pipeline. Principal coordinates analysis shows that the microbial communities from the bituminous strata differ significantly from limestone samples (P < 0.05 Unifrac weighted). Moreover, metagenomic tools could also be used effectively to analyze the microbial communities shift during enrichment in specific growth media. In the nutrient-rich media, one or few taxa, mainly Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, were enriched which led to the drastic diversity loss while oligotrophic media could enrich many taxa simultaneously and sustain the richness and diversity of the inoculum. Piphillin, METAGENassist and MicrobiomeAnalyst pipeline also predicted that the Monte San Giorgio bituminous shales and oligotrophic enriched microbiomes degrade complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Anti-protozoal activity of extracts from chicory (Cichorium intybus) against Cryptosporidium parvum in cell culture
Authors: Woolsey Ian David , Valente Angela H. , Williams Andrew R. , Thamsborg Stig M. , Simonsen Henrik T. , Enemark Heidi L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCryptosporidium spp. are responsible for severe public health problems and livestock production losses. Treatment options are limited to only one drug available for human and bovine cryptosporidiosis, respectively, and both drugs exhibit only partial efficacy. Sesquiterpene lactones (SL) are plant bioactive compounds that function as a defence mechanism against herbivores. SL have demonstrated anti-parasitic properties against a range of parasitic taxa but knowledge about their anti-Cryptosporidium efficacy is limited. The effect of SL-rich leaf and root extracts from chicory (Cichorium intybus cv. Spadona) was investigated using human colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-8) cells infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. C. parvum oocysts were inoculated onto the cell monolayer and i) incubated for 4 hours with extracts (leaf and root extracts 300, 150, 75, 37.5, 18.75 and 9.375 μg/mL) in triplicates followed by incubation in bioactive free media (sporozoite invasion assays) or ii) incubated for 4 hours in bioactive free media followed by 48-hours incubation with extracts (growth inhibition assays). Extract toxicity on HCT-8 cells was assessed via water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay prior to quantifying parasitic growth via immunofluorescence. Both extracts demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition in the growth inhibition assays (p = < 0.0001 for both extracts) but not in the invasion assays. Anti-parasitic activity did not appear to be solely related to SL content, with the extract with lower SL content (leaf) exhibiting higher inhibition at 300 μg/ml. However, given the limited treatment options available for Cryptosporidium spp., our study encourages further investigation into the use of chicory extracts to identify novel active compound(s) inhibiting these protozoa.
Detection of Potato ring rot Pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay
Authors: Sagcan Hasan , Turgut Kara Neslihan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (CMS) is an important bacterial plant pathogen causing potato ring rot disease. Rapid diagnosis of CMS is crucial because of the economic losses caused by serious harvest losses. Although there are serological tests used in the rapid diagnosis of CMS, they are not widely used because of their low sensitivity. The DNA-based PCR methods, which are highly sensitive, do not have the possibility of on-site diagnosis, especially since they require serious laboratory infrastructure. In recent years, scientists have been working on alternative amplification methods to develop DNA-based point of care (POC) diagnostic methods. Accordingly, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method, which was developed in the early 2000s, provides an important convenience for DNA-based tests to use in the field. Due to the unique design of primers, more amplification products could be create in a shorter time than conventional amplification methods without needing a temperature cycle, and it can be applied with the aid of a simple heater without requiring a laboratory environment. In this study, efficient LAMP method for the detection of CMS has optimized. For device-independent detection of LAMP products, colorimetric method and LFD has used.
Aluminum Matrix Composites Manufactured using Nitridation-Induced Self-Forming Process
Authors: Lee Kon-Bae , Kim Sung-Hoon , Kim Dae-Young , Cha Pil-Ryung , Kim Hae-Sung , Choi Hyun-Joo , Ahn Jae-Pyong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConventional manufacturing processes for aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) involve complex procedures that require unique equipment and skills at each stage. This increases the process costs and limits the scope of potential applications. In this study, a simple and facile route for AMC manufacturing is developed, a mixture of Al powder and the ceramic reinforcement is simply heated under nitrogen atmosphere to produce the composite. During heating under nitrogen atmosphere, the surface modification of both Al and the reinforcement is induced by nitridation. When the oxide layer covering Al powder surface is transformed to nitrides, temperature in the local region increases rapidly, resulting in a partial melt of Al powder. The molten Al infiltrates into the empty space among Al powder and reinforcement, thereby enabling consolidation of powders without external forces. It is possible to fabricate AMCs with various types, sizes, volume fractions, and morphologies of the reinforcement. Furthermore, the manufacturing temperature can be lowered below the melting point of Al (or the solidus temperature for alloys) because of the exothermic nature of the nitridation, which prevents formation of un-wanted reactants. The relative simplicity of this process will not only provide sufficient price competitiveness for the final products but also contribute to the expansion of the application scope of AMCs.
Culture-independent and culture-dependent analyses of the bacterial community in the phycosphere of cyanobloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Shin Bora , Lee Jaebok , Park Hye Yoon , Park Woojun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConfocal and scanning electron microscopic observations have previously shown the strong bacterial association ofMicrocystis aeruginosacells on their surfaces. DNA-based analyses of the associated bacterial communities were carried out using twoM. aeruginosastrains grown in the laboratory and eight newly collected cyanobacterial bloom samples.M. aeruginosawas the most predominant species (66–100%) within the phylum Cyanobacteria.Rhizobium, HydrogenophagaandBrevundimonasspecies were commonly found, andFlavobacteriumspecies were present in all the cyanobacterial bloom samples. In total, 396 colonies from various samples were screened, revealing that most culturable bacteria belonged to the classAlphaproteobacteria(19%) includingRhizobium,Brevundimonas, andPorphyrobacterspecies. The genetic variation among theM. aeruginosastrains and different habitat conditions may have led to the presence of distinct bacterial populations among the tested samples. Among all the tested seven culturable isolates,Rhizobiumsp. MK23 showed the best growth-promotion effect on the axenicM. aeruginosastrains. H2O2was observed to be produced during the growth ofM. aeruginosaPCC7806 under light conditions, this strain was more resistant to H2O2when associated withRhizobiumsp. MK23. Our data suggested thatRhizobiumspecies along with other associated bacteria might help the growth ofM. aeruginosaby decomposing H2O2under the aerobic growing conditions.
Innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor 3 require human-antigen-R-mediated Atp6v0d2 mRNA stabilization
Authors: Zainol Mohd Izwan Bin , Kawasaki Takumi , Monwan Warunthorn , Murase Motoya , Sueyoshi Takuya , Kawai Taro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA derived from virus and its synthetic analogue, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]. Upon poly(I:C) binding, TLR3 activates transcription factors to express inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon. TLR3 is located in the endosomes and its recognition of poly(I:C) and activation of downstream signaling is regulated by endosomal acidification. However, the mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation in TLR3-mediated innate responses remains unclear. Here, we focused on Human antigen R (HuR, also known as ELAVL1) that recognizes and binds to the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of target mRNAs, thereby protecting them from mRNA degradation, and found that HuR-deficient murine macrophage cells showed significantly reduced Ifnb1 mRNA expression after poly(I:C) stimulation. HuR-deficient cells also showed a marked reduction in the expression of Atp6v0d2 mRNA, which encodes a subunit of vacuolar-type H+ ATPase (V-ATPase), and therefore reduced endosomal acidification. HuR associated with the 3′UTR of Atp6v0d2 mRNA and the stability of Atp6v0d2 mRNA was maintained by its association with HuR. Taken together, our results suggest that HuR stabilizes Atp6v0d2 mRNA, which is required for the TLR3-mediated innate immune responses.
Defining the root endosphere and rhizosphere microbiomes from the World Olive Germplasm Collection
Authors: Fernández-González Antonio J. , Villadas Pablo J. , Gómez-Lama Cabanás Carmen , Valverde-Corredor Antonio , Belaj Angjelina , Mercado-Blanco Jesús , Fernández-López Manuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe bacterial and fungal communities from the olive (Olea europaeaL.) root systems have not yet been simultaneously studied. We show in this work that microbial communities from the olive root endosphere are less diverse than those from the rhizosphere. But more relevant was to unveil that olive belowground communities are mainly shaped by the genotype of the cultivar when growing under the same environmental, pedological and agronomic conditions. Furthermore,Actinophytocola,StreptomycesandPseudonocardiaare the most abundant bacterial genera in the olive root endosphere,Actinophytocolabeing the most prevalent genus by far. In contrast,Gp6,Gp4,RhizobiumandSphingomonasare the main genera in the olive rhizosphere.Canalisporium,Aspergillus,MinimelanolocusandMacrophominaare the main fungal genera present in the olive root system. Interestingly enough, a large number of as yet unclassified fungal sequences (class level) were detected in the rhizosphere. From the belowground microbial profiles here reported, it can be concluded that the genusActinophytocolamay play an important role in olive adaptation to environmental stresses. Moreover, the huge unknown fungal diversity here uncovered suggests that fungi with important ecological function and biotechnological potential are yet to be identified.
Transcription factor Tlx1 marks a subset of lymphoid tissue organizer-like mesenchymal progenitor cells in the neonatal spleen
Authors: Ueno Yuta , Fujisaki Keiko , Hosoda Shoko , Amemiya Yusuke , Okazaki Shogo , Notsu Chihiro , Nishiyama Chiharu , Mabuchi Yo , Matsuzaki Yumi , Oda Akihisa , Goitsuka Ryo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe spleen is comprised of spatially distinct compartments whose functions, such as immune responses and removal of aged red blood cells, are tightly controlled by the non-hematopoietic stromal cells that provide regionally-restricted signals to properly activate hematopoietic cells residing in each area. However, information regarding the ontogeny and relationships of the different stromal cell types remains limited. Here we have used in vivo lineage tracing analysis and in vitro mesenchymal stromal cell assays and found that Tlx1, a transcription factor essential for embryonic spleen organogenesis, marks neonatal stromal cells that are selectively localized in the spleen and retain mesenchymal progenitor potential to differentiate into mature follicular dendritic cells, fibroblastic reticular cells and marginal reticular cells. Furthermore, by establishing a novel three-dimensional cell culture system that enables maintenance of Tlx1-expressing cells in vitro, we discovered that signals from the lymphotoxin β receptor and TNF receptor promote differentiation of these cells to express MAdCAM-1, CCL19 and CXCL13, representative functional molecules expressed by different subsets of mature stromal cells in the spleen. Taken together, these findings indicate that mesenchymal progenitor cells expressing Tlx1 are a subset of lymphoid tissue organizer-like cells selectively found in the neonatal spleen.
Ferric Carboxymaltose in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anaemia: an effective, safe and cost- sparing alternative to blood transfusion
Authors: Marinho Joana , Leão Inês , Custódio Sandra , Dias Enrique , Moreira Pinto António , Costa Telma , Capela Andreia , Dias Margarida , Coelho Henrique , Cunha Ângela , Macedo Ana , Amarelo Anabela , Joaquim Ana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnaemia is highly prevalent in cancer patients, adversely affects quality of life and impacts survival. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, with iron deficiency being a major and potentially treatable contributor. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and economic impact of ferric carboxymaltose in chemotherapy-induced anaemia. This prospective cohort study between 2015–2016 of chemotherapy-treated patients for solid tumours, grade ≥2 anaemia and iron deficiency evaluated hematopoietic response four weeks after ferric carboxymaltose treatment. Transfusion rate of all cancer patients treated at our ambulatory unit during the two-year study period (2015–2016) was compared to a retrospective cohort (2013–2014) who received blood transfusion only. Between 2015–2016, 99 patients were included and treated with ferric carboxymaltose, the majority of whom (n = 81) had relative iron deficiency. Mean haemoglobin concentrations improved from 9.2 [6.7–10.8] g/dL to 10.6 [7.8–14.2] g/dL four weeks after treatment. A 26% reduction in the transfusion rate was observed from control retrospective to the prospective study group including ferric carboxymaltose treated patients [relative risk 0.74 (95% CI:0.66–0.83)]. The cost analysis showed a benefit for the use of ferric carboxymaltose in chemotherapy-induced anaemia. This study shows that ferric carboxymaltose is an effective, cost-saving support treatment, reducing the need for allogeneic transfusions saving blood units which are a limited resource.
Short- and medium-term impact of bariatric surgery on the activities of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2 in morbid obesity
Authors: Rodríguez-Morató Jose , Goday Albert , Langohr Klaus , Pujadas Mitona , Civit Ester , Pérez-Mañá Clara , Papaseit Esther , Ramon Jose Manuel , Benaiges David , Castañer Olga , Farré Magí , de la Torre Rafael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMorbid obesity and bariatric surgery induce anatomical, physiological and metabolic alterations that may alter the body’s disposition of drugs. Current literature on this topic is limited and sometimes inconsistent. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a superfamily of enzymes that metabolize around 75% of all marketed drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of body mass index and bariatric surgery on CYP activities. Firstly, we evaluated the in vivo activity of 4 major CYP isoenzymes (CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2) in normal weight, overweight, and morbidly obese individuals. Secondly, we assessed the short- (1 month) and medium-term (6 month) effects of the most commonly employed bariatric surgery techniques (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) on the activity of these enzymes. CYP3A4 activity was lower in morbidly obese individuals, compared to normal-weight controls. Interestingly, bariatric surgery normalized CYP3A4 activity. In comparison with normal-weight controls, morbidly obese individuals had higher CYP2D6 activity, which was only observed in individuals with two functional alleles for this isoenzyme. Neither body mass index nor surgery had significant effects on CYP2C9 and CYP1A2 activities. Overall, no relevant differences in CYP activities were found between surgical techniques. In conclusion, further studies should evaluate whether the observed alterations in CYP3A4 activity will require dose adjustments for CYP3A4 substrates especially in morbidly obese individuals before and after bariatric surgery.