bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slaves, Village Headmen, and Aristocrats: Patronage and Functions of Buddhist Sculpture Burials in Late Koryŏ and Early Chosŏn Korea
Authors: Stiller Maya 
Published: October 2020

Cet article comble une lacune dans les études religieuses en donnant un aperçu d’une pratique bouddhique dans la Corée des XIVe et XVe siècles, qui consistait, au sein des sociétés locales, à commander de petites sculptures bouddhiques en bronze doré, que l’on cachait ensuite sur les sommets des montagnes. Des études antérieures ont montré que la cour royale et les fonctionnaires du gouvernement central commanditaient des sculptures similaires ; mais, ici il s’agit de gens n’appartenant pas à l’élite centrale qui, néanmoins, étaient eux aussi les commanditaires d’un bon nombre d’entre elles. L’auteur met en évidence que des chefs de village, des aristocrates et des esclaves mettaient en commun leurs ressources pour la production et l’enterrement des sculptures. À travers une analyse du contexte spatial des enterrements, menée grâce à l’imagerie de Google Earth et des témoignages scripturaires, nous savons désormais que des groupes qui faisaient des pèlerinages à Kŭmgangsan 金剛山 pour vénérer le bodhisattva Dharmodgata (Pŏpki posal 法起菩薩) – une figure importante de la tradition du Prajñāpāramitā (Panya paramilta 般若波羅密多) – enterraient des sculptures d’Amitābha (Amit’abul 阿彌陀佛) et de ses deux assistants, Avalokiteśvara (Kwanŭm posal 觀音菩薩) et Kṣitigarbha (Chijang posal 地藏菩薩), dans la partie sommitale des collines contiguës à celle dédiée à Dharmodgata, et ceci afin de maximiser leur chance de renaître en Terre Pure. Après le retour des pèlerins au village, les sculptures enterrées offertes à Dharmodgata maintenaient ainsi leur connexion avec la divinité et permettaient aux fidèles d’acquérir en permanence des mérites. La recherche présentée dans cet article contribue à approfondir notre connaissance des pratiques religieuses locales en Corée pendant la période d’occupation mongole à la fin du royaume de Koryŏ 高 麗 (918-1392) jusqu’au début de la période du Chosŏn 朝 鮮 (1392-1910). Elle souligne, en même temps, l’importance d’étudier le placement et le contexte spatial des sculptures bouddhiques pour comprendre leur fonction rituelle.
Śrī-type Rings and Lampblack as a Medium of Seal Impression: A Note on Sealing Practices in Pre-Islamic Java
Authors: Jakl Jiri 
Published: October 2020

Cet article analyse des passages de deux anciens poèmes de cour javanais (kakavin) qui approfondissent notre connaissance de l’utilisation des sceaux dans l’ancienne Asie du Sud-Est. Bien qu’ils représentent un imaginaire littéraire, ces passages reflètent deux aspects de la culture du sceau dans la Java préislamique. La lecture du kakavin Rāmāyaṇa suggère que le terme saśrī fait référence à une impression de bague-sceau sur une lettre royale ; ce type de bague pourrait être identifié avec les célèbres bagues javanaises dont les chatons sont gravés en négatif avec un emblème qui se lit śrī. Un passage de l’Arjunavivāha suggère que l’impression des sceaux avec du noir de fumée, une méthode typiquement associée à la culture islamique malaise du sceau, était déjà connue à Java au XIe siècle de notre ère, si ce n’est plus tôt.
Indian Law from a Seventh-Century Chinese Buddhist Perspective
Authors: Deeg Max 
Published: October 2020

This paper will discuss the passage in the 7th-century Chinese Buddhist traveller monk Xuanzang’s “Record of the Western Regions of the Great Tang (Dynasty)” on law and legal procedure in early medieval India. Xuanzang’s depiction of the Indian legal system is compared and contrasted in some detail with the information gained from the Artha-and Dharmaśāstra literature. The particular features in Xuanzang’s report which clearly differ from the śāstric literature are explained in the context of Tang China’s social and political situation. By doing so I do not only want to warn from reading the “Record” as a face-value description of India but also would like to highlight the necessity to read a specific text like the “ Record” in its immediate context which is more Chinese than Indian. Interpreted in this way Xuanzang’s record gains what it loses on the “historical” side by presenting a fascinating compilation of “facts” about a cultural other in which idealisation – the “description” of an ideal (pseudo-) Buddhist legal system – is used for the end of indirectly criticising and influencing his own social and political environment.
Impact of Social Media on Self-Referral Patterns for Living Kidney Donation
Authors: DuBray Bernard J. , Shawar Saed H. , Rega Scott A. , Smith Kristin M. , Centanni Kaylin M. , Warmke Kara , Concepcion Beatrice P. , Edwards Gretchen C. , Schaefer Heidi M. , Feurer Irene D. , Forbes Rachel C. 
Published: October 2020

Background
As the organ-shortage crisis continues to worsen, many patients in need of a kidney transplant have turned to social media to find a living donor. The effect of social media on living kidney donation is not known. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of social media on those interested in donating a kidney.

Methods
Self-referrals for living kidney donation from December 2016 to March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Age, sex, race, and relationship of individuals petitioned through social media (SM) were compared with those petitioned through verbal communication (VC). Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests, with z tests of column proportions, and multivariable logistic regression.

Results
A total of 7817 individuals (53% SM, 36% VC, and 10% other) were self-referred for living kidney donation. The analysis sample included 6737 adults petitioned through SM (n=3999) or VC (n=2738). Half (n=3933) of the individuals reported an altruistic relationship, and 94% of these respondents were petitioned through SM. Although univariate analyses indicated that SM respondents were younger, more likely female, more likely White, and more likely to have directed altruistic intent than those petitioned through VC (all P<0.05), multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that only decreased age, female sex, and relationship were significantly related to likelihood of SM use (all P<0.001).

Conclusions
The use of SM to petition living kidney donors is prevalent and accounts for a greater proportion of respondents compared with VC. SM respondents tend to be younger, female, and altruistic compared with VC. Directed altruistic interest in kidney donation is almost exclusively generated through SM.
Conocimiento puro y cálculo infinitesimal en el neokantismo de Hermann Cohen
Authors: Pringe Hernán 
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar uno de los aspectos centrales de la filosofía de Hermann Cohen: la relación que su Lógica del conocimiento puro establece entre el pensar puro y el cálculo infinitesimal. Mostraremos que la interpretación coheniana del cálculo se orienta a fundamentar en el pensar puro todos los elementos que Kant distingue en la intuición empírica: tanto su materia (la sensación), como su forma (el tiempo y el espacio). De tal modo, mediante el cálculo infinitesimal, Cohen buscará dar cuenta del conocimiento sin recurrir a ninguna receptividad.
Prevalance of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization : Meta Analysis Study
Authors: Özükoç Can , Akgöl Beyza Ballı , Münevveroğlu Aslı Patır 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as the hypomineralization of one or more first permanent molars, which may often also affect permanent incisors. The prevalence rate of MIH has been reported to vary between 2.5%-40.2% in various populations. This study aimed to reveal the general dimensions of MIH and to determine its prevalence in societies to plan long-term disease control programs.
Material and Methods: The database obtained by reviewing all studies on the relevant subject in English literature was examined and the prevalence was calculated using the random effect model. All studies were assessed in terms of publication bias while examining the heterogeneity and meta-regression by using sensitivity analysis.
Results: A total of 70 studies were included in the study and the prevalence of MIH was calculated to be 11.88% (95% CI 10.2%-12.4%). The sample size explained 99% heterogeneity.
Conclusion: This study has revealed that more strategies are needed for the preservation of dental health in this patient group due to the high prevalence of MIH, and there is a need for further prevalence studies involving isolated populations in different parts of the world.
The Terwilliger Algebra of the Twisted Grassmann Graph: the Thin Case
Authors: Tanaka Hajime , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2020

The Terwilliger algebra $T(x)$ of a finite connected simple graph $\Gamma$ with respect to a vertex $x$ is the complex semisimple matrix algebra generated by the adjacency matrix $A$ of $\Gamma$ and the diagonal matrices $E_i^*(x)=\operatorname{diag}(v_i)$ $(i=0,1,2,\dots)$, where $v_i$ denotes the characteristic vector of the set of vertices at distance $i$ from $x$. The twisted Grassmann graph $\tilde{J}_q(2D+1,D)$ discovered by Van Dam and Koolen in 2005 has two orbits of the automorphism group on its vertex set, and it is known that one of the orbits has the property that $T(x)$ is thin whenever $x$ is chosen from it, i.e., every irreducible $T(x)$-module $W$ satisfies $\dim E_i^*(x)W\leqslant 1$ for all $i$. In this paper, we determine all the irreducible $T(x)$-modules of $\tilde{J}_q(2D+1,D)$ for this "thin" case.
Workshop for Modeling a Lesson in the Social Studies Teacher Training Program
Authors: Куренышева Е.П. , Мысливченко И.В. 
Published: October 2020

авторы обосновывают особую актуальность проблемы обучения современным технологиям моделирования урока будущих учителей обществознания. В статье раскрывается содержание практикума моделирования урока по обществознанию, нацеленного на формирование профессиональных компетенций учителя основной и средней общей школы в соответствии с действующим ФГОС. Авторы также обобщают опыт преподавания данного учебного курса в Институте социально-гуманитарного образования МПГУ.
the Authors substantiate the special relevance of the problem of teaching students who are preparing to become social science teachers to modern technologies of lesson modeling. The article reveals the content of the practice of modeling a lesson in social science, aimed at the formation of professional competencies of teachers of primary and secondary General schools in accordance with the current Federal law. The authors also summarize the experience of teaching this course at the Institute of social and humanitarian education of MPSU.
The Role of Social and Humanitarian Education in Teacher Training
Authors: Теплова Е.Ф. 
Published: October 2020

функция образования по формированию общественного сознания и мировоззрения является одной из важнейших. В статье социально-гуманитарное образование рассматривается как исключительно значимая часть подготовки педагога.
the function of education for the formation of public consciousness and worldview is one of the most important. In this article, social and humanitarian education is considered as an extremely important part of teacher training.
Formation of the Islamic identity in a non-Islamic environment
Authors: Макаренко О.А. 
Published: October 2020

в статье дан анализ проблемы исламской идентичности в религиозном и культурном плане. Проводится анализ особенностей формирования идентичности в условиях неисламской среды. Определена роль исламских институтов в работе по формированию идентичности на базе религиозной терпимости. Определены возможные пути преодоления данной проблемы.
the article analyzes the problem of Islamic identity in religious and cultural terms. The article analyzes the situation of identity formation in a non-Islamic environment. The role of Islamic institutions in the formation of identity based on religious tolerance is defined. Possible ways to overcome this problem are identified.
Philosophical Criticism as a Phenomenon of Free Thinking
Authors: Маслаков А.С. 
Published: October 2020

в решении своих вопросов философия выступает как рефлексия и самокритика мышления. Такая критика является самообнаружением мышления. Поэтому университетский курс философии неизбежно становится школой самокритики мысли, а историко-философский материал – непосредственным объектом для повседневной учебной работы и интеллектуальной практики. Внутри этой практики критическое мышление неизбежно обретает себя как свободное мышление. Рассматривается вопрос преподавания философии в условиях перехода на новые стандарты высшего образования, ставится проблема статуса философии в современной ситуации.
in solving its problems, philosophy acts as self-reflection and self-criticism of thinking. Such criticism is self-discovery of thinking. Therefore, the university course of philosophy inevitably becomes a school of self-criticism of thought, and historical and philosophical material is a direct object for everyday academic work and intellectual practice. Within this practice, critical thinking inevitably acquires itself as free thinking. The question of teaching philosophy in the areas of transition to new standards of higher education in accordance with the requirements of federal law is considered, the problem of the status of philosophy in the current situation is posed.
Trends in Corporate Training of Russian Companies: Training in Entrepreneurship Skills
Authors: Василенко Д.М. 
Published: October 2020

в статье рассматриваются аспекты обучения навыкам предпринимательства как тенденция корпоративного обучения успешных российских компаний.
the article deals with aspects of entrepreneurship training as a tendency of internal training of successful Russian companies.
The High-energy Radiation Environment around a 10 Gyr M Dwarf: Habitable at Last?
Authors: France Kevin , Duvvuri Girish , Egan Hilary , Koskinen Tommi , Wilson David J. , Youngblood Allison , Froning Cynthia S. , Brown Alexander , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D. , Berta-Thompson Zachory K. , Drake Jeremy J. , Garraffo Cecilia , Kaltenegger Lisa , Kowalski Adam F. , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Loyd R. O. Parke , Mauas Pablo J. D. , Miguel Yamila , Pineda J. Sebastian , Rugheimer Sarah , Schneider P. Christian , Tian Feng , Vieytes Mariela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that high levels of X-ray and UV activity on young M dwarfs may drive rapid atmospheric escape on temperate, terrestrial planets orbiting within the habitable zone. However, secondary atmospheres on planets orbiting older, less active M dwarfs may be stable and present more promising candidates for biomarker searches. In order to evaluate the potential habitability of Earth-like planets around old, inactive M dwarfs, we present new Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of Barnard’s Star (GJ 699), a 10 Gyr old M3.5 dwarf, acquired as part of the Mega-MUSCLES program. Despite the old age and long rotation period of Barnard’s Star, we observe two FUV (δ
130 ≈ 5000 s; E
130 ≈ 1029.5 erg each) and one X-ray (E

X
≈ 1029.2 erg) flares, and we estimate a high-energy flare duty cycle (defined here as the fraction of the time the star is in a flare state) of ∼25%. A publicly available 5 Å to 10 μm spectral energy distribution of GJ 699 is created and used to evaluate the atmospheric stability of a hypothetical, unmagnetized terrestrial planet in the habitable zone (r
HZ ∼ 0.1 au). Both thermal and nonthermal escape modeling indicate (1) the quiescent stellar XUV flux does not lead to strong atmospheric escape: atmospheric heating rates are comparable to periods of high solar activity on modern Earth, and (2) the flare environment could drive the atmosphere into a hydrodynamic loss regime at the observed flare duty cycle: sustained exposure to the flare environment of GJ 699 results in the loss of ≈87 Earth atmospheres Gyr−1 through thermal processes and ≈3 Earth atmospheres Gyr−1 through ion loss processes. These results suggest that if rocky planet atmospheres can survive the initial ∼5 Gyr of high stellar activity, or if a second-generation atmosphere can be formed or acquired, the flare duty cycle may be the controlling stellar parameter for the stability of Earth-like atmospheres around old M stars.
Density of Neutral Hydrogen in the Sun's Interstellar Neighborhood
Authors: Swaczyna P. , McComas D. J. , Zirnstein E. J. , Sokół J. M. , Elliott H. A. , Bzowski M. , Kubiak M. A. , Richardson J. D. , Kowalska-Leszczynska I. , Stern S. A. , Weaver H. A. , Olkin C. B. , Singer K. N. , Spencer J. R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Interstellar neutral atoms, unlike charged particles, freely penetrate the heliosphere, allowing us to sample the physical state of the interstellar matter directly. Most interstellar hydrogen atoms are ionized before reaching the inner heliosphere and become energetic protons picked up by the solar wind and transported away from the Sun. Consequently, observations of interstellar hydrogen atoms by missions operating within a few astronomical units from the Sun are subject to significant systematic uncertainties. We analyze observations from the Solar Wind Around Pluto instrument on New Horizons, the first experiment to provide extensive measurements of the picked-up protons far from the Sun. Analyzing the density of these protons, we find an interstellar neutral hydrogen density at the termination shock of 0.127 ± 0.015 cm−3, i.e., ∼40% higher than previously thought. We show that the Voyager observations of the slowdown of the solar wind further support this value. This result resolves a problem of why energetic neutral atom fluxes, created from pickup ions by charge exchange with hydrogen atoms, are roughly twice that expected from numerical models. Our result also implies higher charge exchange rates at the heliospheric boundaries and, consequently, a less asymmetric shape of the heliosphere. Based on a previous study of the atom filtration in the heliospheric boundaries, we estimate the neutral hydrogen density in the unperturbed local interstellar medium of 0.195 ± 0.033 cm−3. This value agrees with astrophysical observations of the interstellar clouds in the Sun proximity.
The Massive Ancient Galaxies at z > 3 NEar-infrared (MAGAZ3NE) Survey: Confirmation of Extremely Rapid Star Formation and Quenching Timescales for Massive Galaxies in the Early Universe*
Authors: Forrest Ben , Marsan Z. Cemile , Annunziatella Marianna , Wilson Gillian , Muzzin Adam , Marchesini Danilo , Cooper M. C. , Chan Jeffrey C. C. , McConachie Ian , Gomez Percy , Kado-Fong Erin , Barbera Francesco La , Lange-Vagle Daniel , Nantais Julie , Nonino Mario , Saracco Paolo , Stefanon Mauro , van der Burg Remco F. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present near-infrared spectroscopic confirmations of a sample of 16 photometrically selected galaxies with stellar masses

>11 at redshift z > 3 from the XMM-VIDEO and COSMOS-UltraVISTA fields using Keck/MOSFIRE as part of the Massive Ancient Galaxies At z > 3 NEar-infrared (MAGAZ3NE) survey. Eight of the ultramassive galaxies (UMGs) have specific star formation rates (sSFR) < 0.03 Gyr−1, with negligible emission lines. Another seven UMGs show emission lines consistent with active galactic nuclei and/or star formation, while only one UMG has sSFR > 1 Gyr−1. Model star formation histories of these galaxies describe systems that formed the majority of their stars in vigorous bursts of several hundred megayear duration around

during which hundreds to thousands of solar masses were formed per year. These formation ages of <1 Gyr prior to observation are consistent with ages derived from measurements of D

n
(4000) and

(Hδ). Rapid quenching followed these bursty star-forming periods, generally occurring less than 350 Myr before observation, resulting in post-starburst SEDs and spectra for half the sample. The rapid formation timescales are consistent with the extreme star formation rates observed in

dusty starbursts observed with ALMA, suggesting that such dusty galaxies are progenitors of these UMGs. While such formation histories have been suggested in previous studies, the large sample introduced here presents the most compelling evidence yet that vigorous star formation followed by rapid quenching is almost certainly the norm for high-mass galaxies in the early universe. The UMGs presented here were selected to be brighter than K

s
= 21.7, raising the intriguing possibility that even (fainter) older quiescent UMGs could exist at this epoch.
Simultaneous Evolution of the Virial Parameter and Star Formation Rate in Molecular Clumps Undergoing Global Hierarchical Collapse
Authors: Camacho Vianey , Vázquez-Semadeni Enrique , Palau Aina , Busquet Gemma , Zamora-Avilés Manuel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We compare dense clumps and cores in a numerical simulation of molecular clouds (MCs) undergoing global hierarchical collapse (GHC) to observations in two MCs at different evolutionary stages, the Pipe and the G14.225 clouds, to test the ability of the GHC scenario to follow the early evolution of the energy budget and star formation activity of these structures. In the simulation, we select a region that contains cores of sizes and densities similar to the Pipe cores and find that it evolves through accretion, developing substructure similar to that of the G14.225 cloud after ∼1.6 Myr. Within this region, we follow the evolution of the Larson ratio

, where

is the velocity dispersion and R is the size; the virial parameter α; and the star formation activity of the cores/clumps. In the simulation, we find that as the region evolves, (i) its clumps have

and α values first consistent with those of the Pipe substructures and later with those of G14.225; (ii) the individual cores first exhibit a decrease in α followed by an increase when star formation begins; (iii) collectively, the ensemble of cores/clumps reproduces the observed trend of lower α for higher-mass objects; and (iv) the star formation rate and star formation efficiency increase monotonically. We suggest that this evolution is due to the simultaneous loss of externally driven compressive kinetic energy and increase of the self-gravity-driven motions. We conclude that the GHC scenario provides a realistic description of the evolution of the energy budget of the clouds’ substructure at early times, which occurs simultaneously with an evolution of the star formation activity.
The Extreme Red Excess in Blazar Ultraviolet Broad Emission Lines
Authors: Punsly Brian , Marziani Paola , Berton Marco , Kharb Preeti 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a study of quasars with very redward asymmetric (RA) ultraviolet (UV) broad emission lines (BELs). An excess of redshifted emission has been previously shown to occur in the BELs of radio-loud quasars and is most extreme in certain blazars. Paradoxically, blazars are objects that are characterized by a highly relativistic blueshifted outflow toward Earth. We show that the red emitting gas resides in a very broad component (VBC) that is typical of Population B quasars that are defined by a wide Hβ BEL profile. Empirically, we find that RA BEL blazars have both low Eddington rates (≲1%) and an inordinately large (order unity) ratio of long-term time-averaged jet power to accretion luminosity. The latter circumstance has been previously shown to be associated with a depressed extreme UV ionizing continuum. Both properties conspire to produce a low flux of ionizing photons, two orders of magnitude less than typical Population B quasars. We use CLOUDY models to demonstrate that a weak ionizing flux is required for gas near the central black hole to be optimally ionized to radiate BELs with high efficiency (most quasars overionize nearby gas, resulting in low radiative efficiency). The large gravitational redshift and transverse Doppler shift result in a VBC that is redshifted by ∼2000–5000 km s−1 with a correspondingly large line width. The RA BELs result from an enhanced efficiency (relative to typical Population B quasars) to produce a luminous, redshifted VBC near the central black hole.