bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Kaonic Atom Optical Potential by the High-Precision Data of Kaonic 3He and 4He Atoms
Authors: Yamagata-Sekihara J , Iizawa Y , Jido D , Ikeno N , Hashimoto T , Okada S , Hirenzaki S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate kaonic atom optical potentials of $^3$He and $^4$He phenomenologically based on the latest high-precision data of the $2p$ states of the kaonic atoms in helium (J-PARC E62). We consider a simple phenomenological form for the optical potential proportional to the nuclear density distributions and clarify the meanings and implications of the data by determining the potential parameters using the latest data. We find two sets of potential parameters for each of $K^--^3$He and $K^--^4$He that reproduce the data. We then extract the potential parameters consistent with the data of $^3$He and $^4$He atoms simultaneously. We report the possible strong isospin dependence of the potential, and the different strength of the data of $K^--^3$He and $K^--^4$He in the restrictions on the potential parameters. We mention that the study of the $1s$ states of the kaonic helium atom is very interesting as a next step. Observing these states could provide valuable information on potential parameters and kaonic nuclear s states because of the mutual influence between the atomic and the nuclear states of kaons with the same orbital angular momentum.
40 Hz visual stimulation during sleep evokes neuronal gamma activity in NREM and REM stages
Authors: Hainke Laura , Dowsett James , Spitschan Manuel , Priller Josef 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Visual stimulation (VS) at 40 Hz is being tested as a non-invasive approach against dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease. Applying it during sleep could increase the convenience, duration, and efficacy of stimulation. Here, we tested the feasibility of 40 Hz VS during sleep in a proof-of-concept study.

Methods
Thirty healthy participants underwent one control and one experimental night of polysomnography at the sleep laboratory. 40 Hz VS was delivered in wakefulness (W), NREM sleep stages 2 and 3, and REM sleep.

Results
As expected, 40 Hz EEG spectral power was increased in all four stages in the experimental condition, compared to control. It was highest in W and similar across NREM 2, NREM 3, and REM, with large and medium effect sizes, respectively. Steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) analyses in the time domain confirmed the specificity of the effect. Secondary analyses revealed that the intervention did not impair objective and subjective sleep quality beyond the first-night effect.

Conclusions
40 Hz VS during sleep effectively evoked neuronal gamma activity at stimulation frequency without degrading sleep quality, supporting the feasibility of this approach. These findings lay the groundwork for optimizing gamma-band sensory stimulation as a tool to causally study cognitive functions and as a scalable, non-invasive intervention against dementias.
Memory updating in dreams
Authors: Wamsley Erin J , Trost Tempest , Tucker Matthew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Robert Stickgold’s research was among the earliest to rigorously quantify the effect of learning on dream content. As a result, we learned that dreaming is influenced by the activation of newly formed memory traces in the sleeping brain. Exactly how this happens is an ongoing area of investigation. Here, we test the hypothesis that participants are especially likely to dream of recent experiences, which overlap with well-established semantic networks. We created an artificial situation in which participants encountered new information about a person with which they have extensive past experience—a favorite celebrity. We tracked the effect of novel information about a favorite celebrity on participants’ dream content across 3 consecutive nights and queried participants about other recent and remote memory sources of their dreams. While the celebrity manipulation failed to affect dream content, this dataset provides rich descriptive information about how recent and remote memory fragments are incorporated into dreams, and how multiple memory sources combine to create bizarre, imaginative scenarios. We discuss these observations in light of the proposed “memory updating” function of sleep-dependent memory consolidation, as well as Stickgold and Zadra’s NEXTUP (Network Exploration to Understand Possibilities) model of dreaming. This paper is part of the Festschrift in honor of Dr Robert Stickgold.
Protective effects of quercetin against tongue injury and oxidative stress triggered by irinotecan: a histopathological, biochemical and molecular study
Authors: Faruk Eman Mohamed , Ibrahim Fatma , Hassan Mahmoud M , Kamal Kamal M , Hassan Dina Allam Abdelmaksoud , Awwad Ayat Abu-elnasr , Taha Neama Mahmoud , Hablas Mohamed Ghazy Attia , Zaazaa Ahmed Mohammed , Ibrahim Mai Hassan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
About 80% of patients receiving chemotherapeutics suffer from side effects related to the gastrointestinal tract. Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a chemotherapeutic agent usually used in treating solid tumors. Quercetin (QRT), a bioflavonoid, is an antioxidant and scavenger reactive oxygen species scavenger.

Objective
The current study explored the possible protective effects of QRT against mucosal tongue injury caused by CPT-11.

Methods
The study included four equal groups: group 1/control, group 2/QRT, group 3/CPT-11, and group 4/CPT-11 + QRT.

Results
CPT-11-induced tongue injury in the form of non-healed ulcers, absent lingual papillae, mononuclear cells infiltration, marked deposition of collagen fibers, and overexpression of CD86 and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α). The increased malondialdehyde levels, decreased superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity revealed that there was an oxidative stress. Also, there was a decreased countenance of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 and an increased countenance of NF-κB. The QRT-treated group showed complete ulcer healing, with histological features almost like the control group, along with minimal collagen fiber deposition, decreased reactivity to CD86 and TNF-α and improvement of oxidative stress status and the molecular study results as well.

Conclusion
QRT possess protective properties against CPT-11-triggered tongue injury.
Role of IL-6, TNF-α and VCAM-1 as predictors of renal impairment in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: El Raziky Maissa , Rashwan Mennatallah , Tamim Hend Hamed , Afify Shimaa , Lithy Rania M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple mechanisms may contribute to the occurrence of renal impairment (RI) in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). One such mechanism is systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which involves the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6 and vascular cell adhesion molecule [VCAM]-1). The goal of this research was to evaluate the role of IL-6, TNF-α and VCAM-1 as potential predictors of RI and mortality in cirrhotic patients with SBP.

Methods
This study included 90 cirrhotic patients with SBP, divided into two equal groups: group A was patients without RI and group B was patients with RI. Based on mortality outcomes, the patients were further categorized into group 1 (recovery, n=70) and group 2 (death, n=20). TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
RI occurred in 50% (45/90) of the study population. Among the 90 patients, 10 (11.1%) had elevated IL-6 levels, 8 (8.9%) had elevated TNF-α levels and 6 (6.7%) had elevated VCAM-1 levels. There were no significant variations in cytokine levels between groups A and B. With an area under the curve of 0.5, the three cytokines showed comparable sensitivity and specificity as predictors of RI.

Conclusions
The use of TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 as predictive markers for RI and mortality in SBP patients is not recommended, as these biomarkers demonstrated limited diagnostic value.
Interrelationships among age, time horizons, and uncertainty: emotional experiences and workplace learning
Authors: Growney Claire M , Chu Li , Carstensen Laura L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present study examines interrelationships among age, time horizons, and uncertainty and how they influence preferences for work tasks. We tested hypotheses that were grounded in socioemotional selectivity theory about the role of uncertainty in age differences in work task preferences. The study included 213 participants who were full-time workers aged 25–76 years. Consistent with previous findings, both older ages and shorter occupational time horizons were associated with preferences for emotionally meaningful work tasks over career-advancing tasks. Uncertainty about work was unrelated to work preferences in younger and middle-aged workers, but work uncertainty in older workers was associated with a reduced motivation for emotionally meaningful work. These findings suggest that workplace uncertainty could potentially reduce age-related prosociality at work. Findings make theoretical and applied contributions to the understanding of age-diverse occupational settings.
How Chatbots Respond to NCLEX-RN Practice Questions
Authors: García-Rudolph Alejandro , Sanchez-Pinsach David , Caridad Fernandez Mira , Cunyat Sandra , Opisso Eloy , Hernandez-Pena Elena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
ChatGPT often “hallucinates” or misleads, underscoring the need for formal validation at the professional level for reliable use in nursing education. We evaluated two free chatbots (Google Gemini and GPT-3.5) and a commercial version (GPT-4) on 250 standardized questions from a simulated nursing licensure exam, which closely matches the content and complexity of the actual exam. Gemini achieved 73.2 percent (183/250), GPT-3.5 achieved 72 percent (180/250), and GPT-4 reached a notably higher performance with 92.4 percent (231/250). GPT-4 exhibited its highest error rate (13.3%) in the psychosocial integrity category.
Epiretinal Membrane and Senile Cataract: Combined vs Sequential Surgery
Authors: Mori Tommaso , Barone Vincenzo , Nunziata Sebastiano , Surico Pier Luigi , Stefanini Simone , Mastrofilippo Valentina , Di Zazzo Antonio , Coassin Marco 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of combined phacovitrectomy versus sequential phacoemulsification and vitrectomy in patients with both senile cataract and epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Methods:
A retrospective multicenter study was conducted between 2014 and 2022 at two hospitals in Italy. Patients with idiopathic ERM and senile cataract in the same eye were enrolled and underwent either combined (n=38) or sequential surgery (n=38), performed by a single surgeon. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.

Results:
Both surgical approaches significantly improved BCVA and reduced CMT after 6 months. However, sequential surgery showed faster visual recovery, with significant improvements in BCVA (P=0.008) and CMT (P<0.0001) observed as early as 1-month post-surgery, compared to the combined group.

Conclusion:
Although both surgical approaches yielded significant improvements in visual acuity and central macular thickness at 6 months, the sequential approach offered a faster recovery in the early postoperative period. According to the literature, the sequential approach also allows some patients to be satisfied after cataract surgery alone, potentially avoiding unnecessary vitrectomy and reducing the risk of overtreatment.
Factors Associated with Lamina Cribrosa Microvasculature Determined via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Yoon Jooyoung , Sung Kyung Rim , Lee Jin Yeong , Shin Joong Won , Kim Joon Mo 
Published: December 2024

Précis
The lamina cribrosa microvasculature reduction was associated with the posterior deformation of lamina cribrosa, as well as the functional deterioration, in all spectrums of open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose:
To investigate the factors associated with the lamina cribrosa vessel density (LCVD) determined via swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Materials and Methods:
The optic nerve head (ONH) scan was obtained using SS-OCTA (PLEX Elite 9000; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, USA). The lamina cribrosa curvature index (LCCI) was assessed using seven horizontal B-scan images across the ONH. The LCVD was calculated from the segmented layer at the level of lamina cribrosa (LC). Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes were categorized into two groups according to the visual field mean deviation (VF MD) (mild to moderate [≥ -12 dB] and advanced [< -12 dB]). The factors associated with the LCVD were evaluated using linear regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 127 POAG and 43 healthy eyes were included. POAG eyes showed significantly thinner circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) and macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL), lower LCVD, and greater LCCI compared to healthy eyes (all P<0.05). In the mild to moderate group, lower LCVD was associated with worse VF MD, thinner cpRNFL and mGCIPL, and greater LCCI (all P<0.05). In the advanced group, the LCVD was associated with VF MD and LCCI (both P<0.05). A greater LCVD was correlated with a greater LCCI in the healthy group (P =0.045).

Conclusions:
Reduced LCVD was associated with an increased LCCI in all spectrums of POAG. LC deformation may affect the ONH microvasculature in glaucoma.
Prevalence of Stress and Burnout in Physical Therapist Clinical Instructors
Authors: Pontiff Ryan J. , Gleeson Peggy , Mitchell Katy , Patel Rupal M. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction.
This study investigates the prevalence of stress and burnout among Physical Therapy Clinical Instructors (PT CIs) using the Perceived Stress Scale – 10 (PSS-10) and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) surveys. Given the critical role of PT CIs in student education, understanding their stress and burnout levels is essential.

Review of Literature.
The, PSS-10, a 10-item self-report survey, measures perceived stress with scores ranging from 0 to 40. It has demonstrated good psychometric properties, including test–retest reliability (r = 0.77) and criterion validity (r = −0.70 with short form-36). The OLBI, a 16-item survey, assesses burnout through disengagement and exhaustion subscales, showing strong reliability (r = 0.85) and validity.

Subjects.
The study included 494 PT CIs who met the inclusion criteria of having supervised a student physical therapist within the past 12 months and working full time. Participants were nationally recruited via emails and social media.

Methods.
A cross-sectional design was employed. Participants completed an electronic survey consisting of a demographic form and the PSS-10 and OLBI measures. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, with one-way ANOVAs conducted to assess differences between demographic groups. This study was conducted midway through the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results.
The mean PSS-10 score was 15, indicating moderate stress for 56.1% of participants. The mean OLBI score was 36.95, indicating moderate burnout for 65.4% of participants. Significant differences between groups in both stress and burnout were found across age and marital status variables. Notably, women reported higher burnout levels than men.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Physical Therapy Clinical Instructors exhibit moderate stress and burnout levels, similar to general PT populations. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions supporting PT CIs, particularly considering the COVID-19 pandemic impact. Future research should explore additional factors influencing PT CI stress and burnout and develop strategies of mitigation.
The role of pharmacogenomic testing in optimizing depression treatment in medically underserved communities: Implications for nurse practitioner practice
Authors: Garcia Gryan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affecting approximately 30% of patients who do not respond to standard antidepressants. In underserved and uninsured communities, where Nurse Practitioners (NPs) often provide essential mental health care, the challenges of managing TRD are compounded by limited access to specialized services. Pharmacogenomic testing offers a promising approach to overcoming these barriers by providing personalized medication recommendations based on a patient's genetic profile. This brief report examines the medical records of 46 patients from underserved communities who underwent genetic testing for TRD. Of the patients reviewed, 31 achieved remission within 2 months of receiving genetically guided treatment, resulting in a remission rate of 67.39%. Patients with specific genetic markers, such as poor metabolizers for CYP2D6 or CYP2C19, experienced the most significant benefits. These findings suggest that pharmacogenomic testing can significantly improve treatment outcomes for TRD in underserved populations, enabling NPs to provide more personalized, effective care. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term benefits and cost-effectiveness of integrating pharmacogenomic testing into NP-led practices, particularly in resource-limited settings.
GLP-1RA based therapies in the young and old
Authors: Rigas Georgia , Alexander Shirley , Haywood Cilla J. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
Obesity is recognized as a “gateway” chronic, progressive disease of dysfunctional adipocytes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-based therapies (GLP1BTs), including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) with/without glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), have demonstrated clinically significant weight loss and health gains in adults, hence interest in using them in younger and older people. Therefore, reviewing the role of GLP1BTs in these populations is pertinent and timely.

Recent findings
Recent American Pediatric Guidelines emphasize the need for early introduction of obesity-management medication (OMM). This review evaluates the recently published data evaluating use of GLP1BTs in young people with obesity and/or youth onset Type 2 diabetes (YOT2D).
Large studies of GLP1BTs in adults included those over 65, however no separate trial has looked at this heterogeneous group. This review translates the evidence, as it pertains to those over 65 where possible.

Summary
Newer-generation GLP1BTs specifically target pathways involved in energy balance, glycaemic control and other metabolic functions, heralding a new era for the management of younger people.
Published cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOT) data presented in this review support the utility of GLP1BTs in the management of older people living with obesity and/or Type 2 diabetes (T2D), with the reassurance of no new safety signals identified. Maturation of the longer-term data and publication of the additional CVOT data in cohorts of differing health complexity will provide further insights.
Physical activity promotes well-being: medical students’ engagement and perspective. A cross-sectional study scoped through innovation and technology
Authors: Mohamed Sami , Muhammad Surajo Abdulqadir , Mohamed Abdikarim Abdi , Esam Eldeen Ahmad Al-Mujtaba , Alhaj Ahmad Mahmud , Bulama Ahmad Abdullahi 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The role of physical activity (PA) in health promotion is further complimented by its disease preventive value. Future doctors’ involvement and advocacy in diverse aspects of such significant role is still under evaluation.

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess medical students’ overall PA engagement and their perspective, and to identify whether their level of engagement affects their advocacy and promotion, while discussing related educational innovations and technological advances.

Methods:
Through a cross-sectional observational study design, stratified sampling from third-, fourth-, and fifth-year medical students attending Nile University, Sudan, during the period from February to April 2020, were included. Descriptive data analysis was done using the SPSS software, and presented including, frequencies, cross-tabulation, Chi-square testing with 95% confidence level, and a P value, after data collection via a structured questionnaire adopting parts of the IPAQ. Study has been reported in line with the STROCSS criteria.

Results:
Out of 188 students, 43% males and 57% females, less than half (91, 48.40%) participated in planned PA, and majority (156, 82.98%) agreed with its health-related significance. Few (57, 30.32%) considered academic load as a barrier, and only 20 (10.60%) were not actively promoting PA engagement to others. Most PA participants were males (57.14%), leaning toward group-based activity (54, 59.34%), making regular plans (51, 56.04%) and motivated by self-health promotion (86, 94.51%) (P < 0.05). Despite majority of students (82.98%) agreement on PA’s benefits, nearly half (51.60%) do not engage, Similarly, overall advocacy for PA promotion in relation to specific people was not statistically significant (P = 0.21). Embedding PA into undergraduate curriculum, use of PA report cards, exercise prescription training and targeted mentoring, in addition to digital bracelets, smart phone applications and internet-based social media, had positive impact on PA participation and promotion.

Conclusion:
Medical students’ understanding of PA health related significance did not equate to increase engagement, despite active promotion. Curricular integration of PA should accompany recent innovative educational strategies to increase their participation and advocation. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of technology-based and AI-driven PA in achieving this goal.
Relationship of stump length with muscle strength, proprioception, and balance in patients with traumatic unilateral transfemoral amputation
Authors: Kılınç Kamacı Gizem , Örücü Atar Merve , Özcan Fatma , Demir Yasin , Aydemir Koray 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Many factors affect the rehabilitation of lower limb amputation. One of these factors is the length of the stump.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of stump length with muscle strength, proprioception, and balance in patients with traumatic unilateral transfemoral amputation.

Study Design:
Sixteen patients with traumatic unilateral transfemoral amputation were included in this cross-sectional study.

Methods:
Stump length was determined by measuring the distance from the trochanter major to the tip of the stump. Hip extensor and flexor muscle strength on the amputated side was determined using the computer-assisted isokinetic system. The proprioceptive sensation of the lower extremities was measured at hip flexion with computer-assisted isokinetic system. Balance of the patients was determined using the Berg Balance Scale.

Results:
There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the stump length and proprioception measurements (r = −0.508, p = 0.044). There was also a statistically significant correlation between Berg Balance Scale and the flexion total work value at 60° angular velocity (r = 0.541, p = 0.03). There was no significant correlation between stump length and other muscle strength, proprioception, and balance parameters.

Conclusions:
A relationship was found between stump length and proprioception, and balance and hip flexor muscle strength in patients with traumatic unilateral transfemoral amputation. In elective lower limb amputations, the level of amputation should be determined at the most functional level with the longest possible stump.