bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetized particle motion around magnetized Schwarzschild-MOG black hole
Authors: Haydarov Kamoliddin , Rayimbaev Javlon , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Palvanov Satimbay , Begmatova Dilfuza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we have presented the studies of the motion of magnetized particles and energetic processes around Schwarzschild black holes in modified gravity (MOG). The study of circular stable orbits shows that orbits of magnetized particles can not be stable for the values of magnetic coupling parameter $$\beta \ge 1$$β≥1. It was also shown that the range of stable circular orbits increases with the increase of both MOG and magnetic coupling parameters, while the effects of magnetic interaction stronger than the gravity. It was obtained that the increase of the MOG parameter causes the increase of center-of-mass energy collision of magnetized particles. Moreover, we have analyzed how to mimic the magnetic interaction with the spin of Kerr and Schwarzschild-MOG black holes. We have obtained that the magnetic coupling parameter can mimic the spin parameter $$a \le 0.15$$a≤0.15 ($$a \le 0.28$$a≤0.28) giving the same radius of innermost contour(co)-rotating orbits at the values of the parameter $$\beta \in (-1,1)$$β∈(-1,1) and the MOG parameter in the range $$\alpha \in (-0.17,0.28)$$α∈(-0.17,0.28) while the MOG parameter $$\alpha \in (-0.7, 0.9)$$α∈(-0.7,0.9) mimics spin parameter of the black hole with the range $$|a| \in (0,1)$$|a|∈(0,1).
Spectroscopic investigation of non-thermal plasma generated in atmospheric pressure ‘Plasma Pencil’
Authors: Anjum Zakia , rehman N. U. , Younus Maria , Sarwar Sajjad 
Published: May 2020

Plasma generated at atmospheric pressure has widespread applications in the field of plasma medicine. In this paper, spectroscopic investigations of homemade capacitively coupled, atmospheric pressure RF plasma pencil is reported. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) technique is employed to characterize the plasma. Variation in rotational/gas temperature [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] atomic density, dissociation fraction [Formula: see text] and normalized intensities of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] radiation is monitored as a function of discharge parameters like RF power and different gases concentration. [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] mixture is estimated from [Formula: see text] band head of R branch of first negative system of nitrogen [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] using Boltzmann plot technique. Similarly, [Formula: see text] band head of second positive system (SPS) of nitrogen [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is also used to estimate [Formula: see text] by fitting synthetic spectra over the experimentally recorded spectrum. It is noted that [Formula: see text] increases with increase in RF power, but it decreases with increase in [Formula: see text] concentration in the mixture. [Formula: see text] atomic density and dissociation fraction [Formula: see text], estimated from [Formula: see text] line at 750 nm and [Formula: see text] line at 844 nm using actinometry technique, show increasing trend with RF power and [Formula: see text] concentration in the mixture up to 0.7% [Formula: see text] in the mixture. The normalized [Formula: see text] radiation intensities; [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] show the increasing trend with increase in RF power up to 0.3% [Formula: see text] concentration in the mixture.
Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Sinus Node Disease, Atrial Fibrillation, and Other Cardiac Conditions
Authors: Bodin Alexandre , Bisson Arnaud , Gaborit Christophe , Herbert Julien , Clementy Nicolas , Babuty Dominique , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Fauchier Laurent 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to increase risk of ischemic stroke (IS), but the risk of IS in isolated sinus node disease (SND) is unclear. We compared the incidence of IS in patients with SND, patients with AF, and in a control population with other cardiac diseases (disease of the circulatory system using the
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
).

Methods—
This French longitudinal cohort study was based on the national database covering hospital care for the entire population from 2008 to 2015.

Results—
Of 1 692 157 patients included in the cohort, 100 366 had isolated SND, 1 564 270 had isolated AF, and 27 521 had AF associated with SND. Incidence of IS during follow-up was higher in isolated patients with AF than in AF associated with SND (yearly rate 2.22% versus 2.06%) and in isolated patients with AF than in isolated patients with SND (yearly rate 2.22% versus 1.59%). The incidence of IS was lower in a control population with other cardiac conditions (n=479 108) compared with SND and patients with AF (0.96%/y, 1.59%/y, and 2.22%/y, respectively). After 1:1 propensity score matching, SND was associated with lower incidence of IS compared to AF (hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73–0.82]) but higher incidence of IS compared to control population (hazard ratio, 1.27 [95%CI, 1.19–1.35]).

Conclusions—

Patients with SND had a lower risk of thromboembolic events than patients with AF but a higher risk than a control population with other cardiac diseases. Randomized clinical trial in a selected SND population, with, for example, a high CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score, would be required to determine the value of IS prevention by anticoagulation.
A Nomogram for Predicting Stroke Recurrence Among Young Adults
Authors: Yuan Kang , Chen Jingjing , Xu Pengfei , Zhang Xiaohao , Gong Xiuqun , Wu Min , Xie Yi , Wang Huaiming , Xu Gelin , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—
This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the risk of stroke recurrence among young adults after ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Patients aged between 18 and 49 years with first-ever ischemic stroke were selected from the Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. A stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to develop the best-fit nomogram. The discrimination and calibration in the training and validation cohorts were used to evaluate the nomogram. All patients were classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups based on the risk scores generated from the nomogram.

Results—

A total of 604 patients were enrolled in this study. Hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], 2.038 [95% CI, 1.504–3.942];
P
=0.034), diabetes mellitus (HR, 3.224 [95% CI, 1.848–5.624];
P
<0.001), smoking status (current smokers versus nonsmokers; HR, 2.491 [95% CI, 1.304–4.759];
P
=0.006), and stroke cause (small-vessel occlusion versus large-artery atherosclerosis; HR, 0.325 [95% CI, 0.109–0.976];
P
=0.045) were associated with recurrent stroke. Educational years (>12 versus 0–6; HR, 0.070 [95% CI, 0.015–0.319];
P
=0.001) were inversely correlated with recurrent stroke. The nomogram was composed of these factors, and successfully stratified patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
The nomogram composed of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, stroke cause, and education years may predict the risk of stroke recurrence among young adults after ischemic stroke.
The Impact of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux on Patient-reported Measures of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Brown Hannah J. , Kuhar Hannah N. , Plitt Max A. , Husain Inna , Batra Pete S. , Tajudeen Bobby A. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study explored the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) on quality-of-life outcomes captured by Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and patients with symptoms of LPR. Methods: In a retrospective chart review, SNOT-22 and RSI scores were analyzed in patients seen at a tertiary care center with CRS, LPR, or both CRS and LPR. SNOT-22 items were grouped into sleep, nasal, otologic, and emotional symptom subdomains. Results: A total of 138 patients (36 with CRS alone, 60 with LPR alone, and 42 with both CRS and LPR) were included. Compared to patients with CRS alone, those with CRS and LPR (CRS+LPR) had higher SNOT-22 total (50.54 ± 19.53 vs 35.31 ± 20.20, P < .001), sleep (19.61 ± 9.31 vs 14.42 ± 10.34, P < .022), nasal (17.38 ± 7.49 vs 11.11 ± 8.52, P < .001), otologic subdomains (9.17 ± 5.07 vs 5.53 ± 5.14, P < .002), and RSI (22.06 ± 9.42 vs 10.75 ± 8.43, P < .003). Patients with LPR alone had higher RSI compared to those with CRS (18.48 ± 9.77 vs 10.75 ± 8.43, P < .037). RSI and SNOT-22 scores were positively correlated irrespective of patient group (R = 0.289, P = .003). Conclusion: Compared to patients with CRS or LPR alone, those with CRS+LPR demonstrated higher RSI and total and subdomain SNOT-22 scores. Patients with LPR alone had elevated SNOT-22 despite absent endoscopic evidence of sinusitis.
Geographic Variation in Epistaxis Interventions Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Hur Kevin , Badash Ido , Talmor Guy , Ference Elisabeth H , Wrobel Bozena B 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: To quantify the utilization of epistaxis procedures in the elderly population and assess whether the geographic variability of these procedures is associated with hypertension and direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on publicly available Medicare procedure and beneficiary data from 2013 to 2016 for all epistaxis procedures categorized by Common Procedural Terminology (CPT). Epistaxis procedures were analyzed by state, complexity, and provider type. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: Over 4 years, 2 19 827 epistaxis procedures were performed on Medicare patients, 44.3% of which were categorized as simple (control of nasal hemorrhage: anterior simple or posterior primary). Otolaryngologists performed 92.6% of all epistaxis procedures. The frequency of epistaxis procedures performed by state ranged from 0.99 procedures per 10 000 Medicare beneficiaries (PP10K) in Hawaii to 25.7 PP10K in New Jersey. The percentage of epistaxis interventions categorized as complex (anterior complex, posterior subsequent, with nasal endoscopy, or open procedures) in each state varied from 0% in North Dakota to 72.6% in Hawaii. Epistaxis procedure utilization was weakly correlated with the prevalence of hypertension ( R2 = 0.08, P = .04) and higher percentage of DOAC among all anticoagulants prescribed ( R2 = 0.08, P = .04) in a state’s Medicare population. Utilization of complex epistaxis interventions was not correlated with the prevalence of hypertension or DOAC use. Conclusions: Otolaryngologists perform the vast majority of epistaxis procedures in the Medicare population. However, practice patterns vary across the United States. Hypertension and DOAC use are weakly associated with the utilization of epistaxis interventions.
Strengthening global health content in health professions curricula
Authors: Chapman Helena J , Veras-Estévez Bienvenido A 
Published: May 2020

Background: Health professionals should be prepared to lead and contribute to initiatives that mitigate emerging global health risks to target communities. Health professions education, however, has inconsistently incorporated essential global health topics into curricula despite growing interest among health professional students. Objective: To identify targeted strategies that health professions educators can integrate into coursework to strengthen global health training. Method: A narrative review of the literature was conducted to describe clinical and non-clinical skills that are indispensable to strong global health leadership. Results: Five strategies were highlighted that health professions educators can utilise to empower health professional students to strengthen their scientific knowledge base, develop ethical and culturally-appropriate community health interventions and effectively communicate health messages to stakeholders. Conclusion: Incorporating global health topics into health professions curricula can provide health professional students with a repertoire of evidence-based resources to apply in their clinical and community health initiatives. A trained global health workforce is essential to help nations achieve established national and international health objectives, such as the Sustainable Development Goals.
But is it Comprehensive? Unpacking the ‘comprehensive’ in comprehensive sexuality education
Authors: Miedema Esther , Le Mat Marielle L J , Hague Frances 
Published: May 2020

Background: Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) is increasingly gaining traction within the international community. CSE is regarded as an important means of informing young people about their rights and sexual health, improving public health outcomes and contributing to sustainable development. Context and objective: Considerable variation exists in understandings regarding what makes sexuality education ‘comprehensive’. To gain greater clarity on what CSE is seen to be and entails, and how this form of sexuality education compares with other approaches, a review of existing programmatic and scholarly literatures was conducted. Design: This literature review analyses a range of CSE guidelines and academic sources engaging with the subject of CSE, and sexuality education more broadly. Method: Analysis of stated goals and means of CSE to identify core components of this form of education. Results: Four sets of core CSE components are identified, yet the analysis shows that the intended breadth of this type of sexuality education leaves considerable space for interpretation, with key concepts often remaining abstract. Furthermore, addressing the core elements of CSE and achieving its ‘emancipatory’ goals can work to exclude particular perspectives and subjectivities. Conclusion: The review draws attention to the politics of knowledge production at play in decisions concerning what is deemed ‘comprehensive’, for whom, when and where. It concludes that the notion of ‘comprehensive’ is a matter of degree, and that reaching consensus on a set of universal standards regarding what can be deemed as ‘comprehensive’ may neither be possible nor desirable. The analysis will be useful for those interested in more careful engagement with CSE and, specifically, in examining features that, in practice, may run counter to the original goals.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Danish residential homes for people with severe mental illness: Use and perceived benefits of CAM in relation to recovery
Authors: Dürr Dorte Wiwe , Lunde Anita 
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim: Mental health services in Denmark offer various rehabilitative treatment interventions to people with severe mental illness. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) such as National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) ear acupuncture are used as rehabilitative interventions. We investigated the use of CAM in four psychiatric residential homes, and whether CAM supports residents’ rehabilitation and personal recovery. Methods: Residents in four selected residential homes participated in a questionnaire study, which elicited information on the use of CAM offered in a residential home setting. The study was conducted from February to November 2017. Recovery scores were assessed using the Mental Health Recovery Measure (MHRM). Results: Of 131 eligible respondents, 68 (52%) participated. CAM was used by 84% of the residents. NADA ear acupuncture (38%) and music therapy (37%) were the most commonly used types of CAM. Conclusions: CAM is a commonly used rehabilitative intervention and more than 50% receiving treatment with CAM believed that it has supported their recovery process.
India in the Rise of Britain and Europe: A Contribution to the Convergence and Great Divergence Debates
Authors: Bhattacharya Prabir 
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the role of the British control of India in the rise of Britain and Europe as well as in the convergence in incomes within the Atlantic economy in the late nineteenth century. Britain was at the apex of the world economy throughout most of the nineteenth century. The article argues that the emergence of Britain as the apex economic and political power depended on her control over India. This control of India then enabled Britain to pursue a set of policies that were of critical importance, both for the convergence in incomes within the Atlantic economy and the rise of Europe. The thesis advanced here can be viewed, depending on one’s prior position, as being either complementary to or alternative to the views of many of the protagonists of the divergence debate in the literature. JEL: N10, N13, N15, N70, O4
Targeted next-generation sequencing as a diagnostic tool in gastrointestinal system cancer/polyposis patients
Authors: Yalcintepe Sinem , Gurkan Hakan , Demir Selma , Tozkir Hilmi , Tezel Huseyin Ahmet , Atli Emine Ikbal , Atli Engin , Eker Damla , Cicin Irfan 
Published: May 2020

Background: Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have enabled multigene testing and changed the diagnostic approach to hereditary gastrointestinal cancer/polyposis syndromes. The aim of this study was to analyze different cancer predisposition genes in hereditary/sporadic gastrointestinal cancer/polyposis. Methods: Cancer predisposition genes were analyzed with an Illumina MiSeq NGS system in 80 patients with gastrointestinal cancer/polyposis who were examined between the years 2016 and 2019. Deletion/duplication analysis of MLH1, MSH2, and EPCAM genes was performed by using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method. Results: Germline testing of hereditary cancer-related genes was performed in 80 patients with gastrointestinal cancer/polyposis. A total of 30 variants in 30 cases (37.5%) were assessed as pathogenic/likely pathogenic. A total of 19 heterozygous variants were assessed as variants of uncertain clinical significance in 17 cases (21.25%) and 18 (22.5%) novel variations (9 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 9 variants of uncertain significance) were determined. In 4 (5%) cases, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification detected deletions in MLH1, MSH2, and EPCAM genes. Conclusion: The accumulation of analyses with multigene testing will increase the available data for cancer predisposition genes in hereditary gastrointestinal cancer/polyposis. Educational campaigns for prevention, efficient screening programs, and more personalized care based on the profile of individual patients are necessary.
Death and End of Life: Perceptions Throughout The Career About Death, Palliative Care, and Educational Process
Authors: Corradi Maria Luiza Galoro , Duim Etienne , Rodrigues Cibele Isaac Saad 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the perception of attending physicians, medical residents, and undergraduate medical students about death and dying, the end of life (EoL), and palliative care (PC) during training and clinical practice, highlighting knowledge gaps, and the changes needed in medical school curricula. Method: Cross-sectional study of 12 attending physicians, residents, and undergraduate medical students randomly selected from a single teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, 2018. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcripts were coded in depth, and categorizing analysis was carried out. Results: Three topical categories were recognized: Negative feelings about death and the EoL, importance of PC, and gaps in curricular structure hindering preparedness for PC and EoL communication. Besides differing perspectives depending on their years of experience, all participants strongly endorsed that the current medical school curriculum does not train and support physicians to handle EoL and PC. Conclusions: Medical education plays a fundamental role in the development of knowledge and skills on death, dying, and PC. Such practices should extend throughout the course and be continuously improved after graduates move to clinical practice.
Unsuspected Pregnancies in Hysterosalpingography: Implementation and Review of a Multi-Institutional Pre-Procedural Pregnancy Screening Protocol
Authors: Parhar Dennis , Budau-Bymoen Annemarie , Peterson Victoria , Shi Ge , Thakur Yogesh , Yong-Hing Charlotte J. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Owing to the increasing average age of first-time mothers, as well as advances in assistive reproductive technology, the number of hysterosalpingography (HSG) requests has continued to rise. This increases the likelihood of patients presenting with unsuspected early pregnancies prior to HSG. Currently, there is no standard of practice for the pre-procedural screening of pregnancy prior to HSG, with most institutions using patient-reported pregnancy status and unreliable menstrual cycle dating methods. We implemented a multi-institutional pre-procedural pregnancy screening protocol in order to determine the rate of unsuspected pregnancies prior to HSG and improve the quality and safety of these procedures. Methods: Following multi-institutional and multidisciplinary input, a consensus protocol was formulated and implemented across 9 institutions in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Subsequent tracking of pregnancy testing was then performed over a period of 3 years. Results: Pre-implementation review of protocols demonstrated large disparities between institutions. A total of 6333 HSG examinations were scheduled in the review period following implementation. Of these, 10 patients were found to have positive pregnancy tests (0.16%), despite self-reporting that they were not pregnant or had recent menstrual bleeding. Discussion: Hysterosalpingography is contraindicated in pregnancy, yet we identified 10 unsuspected pregnancies in patients who would have otherwise undergone HSG examinations with existing guidelines. While there remains insufficient data on the deleterious effects of performing HSG on an unsuspected pregnancy, the potential physical, economical, and psychosocial consequences of performing an HSG during pregnancy are sufficient to merit consideration of relatively inexpensive routine pregnancy screening prior to HSG.
Neighborhood Poverty Histories and Physical Activity Among Children: Findings From the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study
Authors: Kim Yeonwoo , Cubbin Catherine 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Examine the association between neighborhood poverty histories and physical activity, and the moderation effect of family poverty and the mediation effect of built environments in such association. Design: A cross-sectional study of the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (2012-2013), a follow-up survey of statewide-representative Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (2003-2007). Setting: California. Participants: A total of 2493 women with children. Measures: Outcome measures are (1) daily leisure physical activity and (2) days of physical activity among children. An independent variable is poverty histories of census tract where the child resided. Mediators were mother-perceived social cohesion, mother-perceived neighborhood safety, distance to the closest park, and park acreage within 0.5 miles from the home. A moderator is family poverty. Analysis: Weighted regression analysis. Results: Family poverty was a significant moderator ( P < .05); poor children in neighborhoods with long-term moderate poverty, long-term high poverty, or increasing poverty (vs long-term low poverty) had greater odds of daily physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 1.50, 1.66, respectively). Nonpoor children in neighborhoods with long-term moderate poverty or increasing poverty (vs long-term low poverty) were associated with decreased odds of daily physical activity (OR = 0.61 and 0.44, respectively). Mediation associations were insignificant ( P > .05). Conclusion: The combined effect of family financial strains and neighborhood economic resources might prevent poor children in neighborhoods with long-term low poverty and decreasing poverty from utilizing health-promoting resources in neighborhoods.