bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progenitor death drives retinal dysplasia and neuronal degeneration in a mouse model of ATRIP-Seckel syndrome
Authors: Matos-Rodrigues Gabriel E. , Tan Pedro B. , Rocha-Martins Maurício , Charlier Clara F. , Gomes Anielle L. , Cabral-Miranda Felipe , Grigaravicius Paulius , Hofmann Thomas G. , Frappart Pierre-Olivier , Martins Rodrigo A. P. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Seckel syndrome is a type of microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) that is characterized by growth retardation and neurodevelopmental defects, including reports of retinopathy. Mutations in key mediators of the replication stress response, the mutually dependent partners ATR and ATRIP, are among the known causes of Seckel syndrome. However, it remains unclear how their deficiency disrupts the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we investigated the cellular and molecular consequences of ATRIP deficiency in different cell populations of the developing murine neural retina. We discovered that conditional inactivation of Atrip in photoreceptor neurons did not affect their survival or function. In contrast, Atrip deficiency in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) led to severe lamination defects followed by secondary photoreceptor degeneration and loss of vision. Furthermore, we showed that RPCs lacking functional ATRIP exhibited higher levels of replicative stress and accumulated endogenous DNA damage that was accompanied by stabilization of TRP53. Notably, inactivation of Trp53 prevented apoptosis of Atrip-deficient progenitor cells and was sufficient to rescue retinal dysplasia, neurodegeneration and loss of vision. Together, these results reveal an essential role of ATRIP-mediated replication stress response in CNS development and suggest that the TRP53-mediated apoptosis of progenitor cells might contribute to retinal malformations in Seckel syndrome and other MPD disorders.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Understanding evidence use from a programmatic perspective: conceptual development and empirical insights from national malaria control programmes
Authors: Parkhurst Justin , Ghilardi Ludovica , Webster Jayne , Hoyt Jenna , Hill Jenny , Lynch Caroline A. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Conceptualisations of what it means to use evidence in policymaking often appear divided between two extremes. On the one side are works presenting it as the implementation of research findings – particularly evaluations of intervention effect. In contrast stand theoretically informed works exploring the multiple meanings of evidence use, political complexities, and the constructed nature of research evidence itself. The first perspective has been criticised as over-simplistic, while the latter can make it difficult to answer questions of what might be good, or improved, uses of evidence in policymaking.
Methods: To further debate, this paper develops a ‘programmatic approach’ to evidence use, drawing on theories of institutional decision making and empirical work on evidence use within 11 National Malaria Control Programmes in Africa. We apply the programmatic approach by investigating the key goals and tasks of programme officials, recognising that these will shape the routines and logics followed affecting evidence utilisation. We then map out the forms, sources, features, and applications of evidence that serve programme officials in their goals.
Findings: In the case of malaria programmes, evidence use was understood in relation to tasks including: advocacy for funding, budget allocation, regulation development, national planning, and identification of information gaps – all of which might require different evidence sources, forms, and applications.
Discussion and conclusions: Ultimately the programmatic approach aims to facilitate clearer understanding of what uses of evidence are appropriate to policymakers, while also allowing critical reflection on whether such uses are ‘good’ from both programme and broader social perspectives.
Gas sensing with mode-phase-difference photothermal spectroscopy assisted by a long period grating in a dual-mode negative-curvature hollow-core optical fiber
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Ho Hoi Lut , Jin Wei , Fan Shangchun , Gao Shoufei , Wang Yingying , Wang Pu 
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate sensitive gas detection with mode-phase-difference photothermal spectroscopy assisted by a long period grating (LPG) inscribed on a dual-mode negative-curvature hollow-core fiber (NC-HCF). The LPG is inscribed using a pulsed

C
O

2

laser, which enables pump propagation in the fundamental

L
P

01

mode to achieve maximum photothermal phase modulation while exciting both the

L
P

01

and

L
P

11

modes at the probe wavelength to form a dual-mode interferometer for detection of the phase difference. With a 1533 nm pump and a 1620 nm probe, a noise equivalent concentration of

∼

2.2

ppb acetylene is achieved with an 85-cm-long NC-HCF gas cell and 1 s lock-in time constant.
Efficient solid-state Raman yellow laser at 579.5  nm
Authors: Chen Y. F. , Chen C. M. , Lee C. C. , Huang H. Y. , Li D. , Hsiao J. Q. , Tsou C. H. , Liang H. C. 
Published: September 2020

A highly efficient diode-pumped

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

/

K
G
W

Raman yellow laser is developed to produce a 6.8 W yellow light at 579.5 nm accompanied by a 3.2 W Stokes wave at 1159 nm under an incident pump power of 30 W. The intracavity stimulated Raman scattering with the shift of

768

c

m

−
1

is generated by setting the polarization of the fundamental wave along the

N
g

direction of an

N
p

-cut KGW crystal. The

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

gain medium is coated as a cavity mirror to reduce the cavity losses for the fundamental wave. More importantly, the KGW crystal is specially coated to prevent the Stokes wave from propagating through the gain medium to minimize the cavity losses for the Stokes wave.
High-power diode-pumped Nd:GdVO4/KGW Raman laser at 578  nm
Authors: Chen Y. F. , Huang H. Y. , Lee C. C. , Hsiao J. Q. , Tsou C. H. , Liang H. C. 
Published: September 2020

A diode-pumped neodymium-doped gadolinium vanadate (

N
d

:

G
d
V

O

4

) laser is developed as a compact efficient yellow light at 578 nm by means of intracavity stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a potassium gadolinium tungstate (KGW) crystal and the second-harmonic generation in a lithium triborate crystal. The SRS process with a shift of

768

c

m

−
1

is achieved by setting the polarization of the fundamental wave along the

N
g

axis of the KGW crystal. The self-Raman effect arising from the

N
d

:

G
d
V

O

4

crystal is systematically explored by employing two kinds of coating specification for the output coupler. With a specific coating on the output coupler to suppress the self-Raman effect, the maximum output power at 578 nm can reach 3.1 W at a pump power of 32 W. Moreover, two different lengths for the

N
d

:

G
d
V

O

4

crystal are individually used to verify the influence of the self-Raman effect on the lasing efficiency.
Ultra-high-resolution software-defined photonic terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Hermans Rodolfo I. , Seddon James , Shams Haymen , Ponnampalam Lalitha , Seeds Alwyn J. , Aeppli Gabriel 
Published: September 2020

A novel technique for high-resolution

1.5

µ

m

photonics-enabled terahertz (THz) spectroscopy using software control of the illumination spectral line shape (SLS) is presented. The technique enhances the performance of a continuous-wave THz spectrometer to reveal previously inaccessible details of closely spaced spectral peaks. We demonstrate the technique by performing spectroscopy on

L
i
Y
F

4

:

H
o

3
+

, a material of interest for quantum science and technology, where we discriminate between inhomogeneous Gaussian and homogeneous Lorentzian contributions to absorption lines near 0.2 THz. Ultra-high-resolution (

<

100

H
z

full-width at half maximum) frequency-domain spectroscopy with quality factor

Q
>
2
×

10
9

is achieved using an exact frequency spacing comb source in the optical communications band, with a custom uni-traveling-carrier photodiode mixer and coherent down-conversion detection. Software-defined time-domain modulation of one of the comb lines is demonstrated and used to resolve the sample SLS and to obtain a magnetic field-free readout of the electronuclear spectrum for the

H
o

3
+

ions in

L
i
Y
F

4

:

H
o

3
+

. In particular, homogeneous and inhomogeneous contributions to the spectrum are readily separated. The experiment reveals previously unmeasured information regarding the hyperfine structure of the first excited state in the

5

I
8

manifold complementing the results reported in Phys. Rev. B 94, 205132 (2016)PRBMDO0163-182910.1103/PhysRevB.94.205132.
HEMORRHAGIC NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN A PATIENT WITH COVID - 19: CASE REPORT
Authors: Oliveira Ramille Gonçalves , Clementino Constantino Felipe Leandro , Dias Priscila Teixeira , Albuquerque Lucas Tavares Cruz de , Passos Filho Marcus Vinicius Maia , Cavalcante Raphael Justo , Pinheiro Raphael Xenofonte Morais 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection has had a major impact on global health, affecting from the respiratory system to the central nervous system, generating a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Stroke has been reported in the recent literature when addressing the neurological repercussions in patients affected by COVID-19, with unfavorable outcomes when compared to those not infected by SARS-CoV-2. There are multiple theories that try to elucidate neural clinical manifestations, from hematogenous infection to direct entry through the cribiform blade. This article shows a case report of a patient with COVID-19 and neurological involvement with diagnostic hypotheses of acute necrotizing encephalopathy, a rare post-viral infection condition in adults and ischemic stroke with subsequent hemorrhagic transformation, correlating the aspects observed in the image and in the patient's clinic with the current literature and theories. Keywords: Coronavirus infections, Acute necrotizing encephalopathy, Hemorrhagic transformation, Ischemic stroke.
Implikasi Penetapan Wilayah Pusat Pertumbuhan Industri Terhadap Penggunaan Lahan Di Kabupaten Majalengka
Authors: Paramasatya Albi , Rudiarto Iwan 
Published: September 2020

Regional development in Indonesia has rapid progress along with the central government's policies in equitable development. Global phenomenon to encourage equitable regional development, each country takes the initiative to develop industrial cluster policies. This study aims to analyze implications of determination a growth centre of industrial region to land use changes. Output of this study expected identify how many area implicated to land use changes and land conversion that occur. This study is located in Majalengka Regency as one of growth centre of industrial region . The method used in this study is the LULC Method (Land Use Land Changes) and Overlay (Georeferencing) Method. The result shows determination growth centre of industrial region have implications in land use changes. The implication in the form of considerable land conversion. This implication occurs in locations that are designated as industrial growth centers and around these locations. In addition, the implications of determination growth centre of industrial region are in the form of expansion of land to surrounding industrial areas.
Derechos políticos de las mujeres en una sociedad democrática
Authors: Escalante López Sonia , Ávalos Méndez Rosa Isela 
Published: September 2020

El presente trabajo aborda a través de la línea del tiempo de los derechos políticos de las mujeres en una sociedad democrática, para la realización del estudio, se hace un análisis de la lucha de las mujeres por sus derechos humanos a través de la historia, dando inicio con los postulados de Olympe de Gouges como punto de partida del feminismo en el mundo y la lucha por los derechos humanos de las mujeres.
Para comprender la política digital – Principios y acciones
Authors: Piñeiro-Otero Teresa , Martínez-Rolán Xabier 
Published: September 2020

La irrupción de internet ha obligado a una reformulación de la comunicación en todos los ámbitos y a todos los niveles. Políticos y candidatos se han visto obligados a adaptarse a un medio en constante cambio, donde las reglas de la comunicación unidireccional se pierden, pero las posibilidades técnicas y el alcance de los mensajes se multiplican. Este artículo realiza efectuar una aproximación a las herramientas y prácticas de la tecnopolítica así como el uso táctico y estratégico de las herramientas digitales para la organización, la comunicación y la acción. Para ello, señala las principales plataformas ligadas a internet como web, redes sociales, las plataformas de mensajería instantánea y, más recientemente, las aplicaciones para smartphone de uso exclusivamente político. Asimismo, se analizan las tendencias actuales ligadas a la celebrificación del candidato, el uso de memes, las etiquetas como elemento vertebrador y transversal en la comunicación digital, el análisis de big data como la última frontera y la participación a través de usuarios (semi)automatizados o bots. Desde el punto de vista del ruido comunicativo, se abordan dos de las principales problemáticas de la comunicación política como son el astroturfing - en todas su variantes - y las fake news, ligadas al creciente discurso de odio en plataformas digitales. Finalmente, y tras el análisis realizado, se propone lo que, a juicio de los autores, son las claves para entender la política que está por venir.
Finalmente, y tras el análisis realizado, se propone lo que, a juicio de los autores, son las claves para entender la política que está por venir.
Multiple Midfrontal Thetas Revealed by Source Separation of Simultaneous MEG and EEG
Authors: Zuure Marrit B. , Hinkley Leighton B. , Tiesinga Paul H.E. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Cohen Michael X 
Published: September 2020

Theta-band (∼6 Hz) rhythmic activity within and over the medial PFC (“midfrontal theta”) has been identified as a distinctive signature of “response conflict,” the competition between multiple actions when only one action is goal-relevant. Midfrontal theta is traditionally conceptualized and analyzed under the assumption that it is a unitary signature of conflict that can be uniquely identified at one electrode (typically FCz). Here we recorded simultaneous MEG and EEG (total of 328 sensors) in 9 human subjects (7 female) and applied a feature-guided multivariate source-separation decomposition to determine whether conflict-related midfrontal theta is a unitary or multidimensional feature of the data. For each subject, a generalized eigendecomposition yielded spatial filters (components) that maximized the ratio between theta and broadband activity. Components were retained based on significance thresholding and midfrontal EEG topography. All of the subjects individually exhibited multiple (mean 5.89, SD 2.47) midfrontal components that contributed to sensor-level midfrontal theta power during the task. Component signals were temporally uncorrelated and asynchronous, suggesting that each midfrontal theta component was unique. Our findings call into question the dominant notion that midfrontal theta represents a unitary process. Instead, we suggest that midfrontal theta spans a multidimensional space, indicating multiple origins, but can manifest as a single feature at the sensor level because of signal mixing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT“Midfrontal theta” is a rhythmic electrophysiological signature of the competition between multiple response options. Midfrontal theta is traditionally considered to reflect a single process. However, this assumption could be erroneous because of “mixing” (multiple sources contributing to the activity recorded at a single electrode). We investigated the dimensionality of midfrontal theta by applying advanced multivariate analysis methods to a multimodal MEG/EEG dataset. We identified multiple topographically overlapping neural sources that drove response conflict-related midfrontal theta. Midfrontal theta thus reflects multiple uncorrelated signals that manifest with similar EEG scalp projections. In addition to contributing to the cognitive control literature, we demonstrate both the feasibility and the necessity of signal demixing to understand the narrowband neural dynamics underlying cognitive processes.
Corticocortical and Thalamocortical Changes in Functional Connectivity and White Matter Structural Integrity after Reward-Guided Learning of Visuospatial Discriminations in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Pelekanos Vassilis , Premereur Elsie , Mitchell Daniel J. , Chakraborty Subhojit , Mason Stuart , Lee Andy C.H. , Mitchell Anna S. 
Published: September 2020

The frontal cortex and temporal lobes together regulate complex learning and memory capabilities. Here, we collected resting-state functional and diffusion-weighted MRI data before and after male rhesus macaque monkeys received extensive training to learn novel visuospatial discriminations (reward-guided learning). We found functional connectivity changes in orbitofrontal, ventromedial prefrontal, inferotemporal, entorhinal, retrosplenial, and anterior cingulate cortices, the subicular complex, and the dorsal, medial thalamus. These corticocortical and thalamocortical changes in functional connectivity were accompanied by related white matter structural alterations in the uncinate fasciculus, fornix, and ventral prefrontal tract: tracts that connect (sub)cortical networks and are implicated in learning and memory processes in monkeys and humans. After the well-trained monkeys received fornix transection, they were impaired in learning new visuospatial discriminations. In addition, the functional connectivity profile that was observed after the training was altered. These changes were accompanied by white matter changes in the ventral prefrontal tract, although the integrity of the uncinate fasciculus remained unchanged. Our experiments highlight the importance of different communication relayed among corticocortical and thalamocortical circuitry for the ability to learn new visuospatial associations (learning-to-learn) and to make reward-guided decisions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFrontal neural networks and the temporal lobes contribute to reward-guided learning in mammals. Here, we provide novel insight by showing that specific corticocortical and thalamocortical functional connectivity is altered after rhesus monkeys received extensive training to learn novel visuospatial discriminations. Contiguous white matter fiber pathways linking these gray matter structures, namely, the uncinate fasciculus, fornix, and ventral prefrontal tract, showed structural changes after completing training in the visuospatial task. Additionally, different patterns of functional and structural connectivity are reported after removal of subcortical connections within the extended hippocampal system, via fornix transection. These results highlight the importance of both corticocortical and thalamocortical interactions in reward-guided learning in the normal brain and identify brain structures important for memory capabilities after injury.
Purpose-Dependent Consequences of Temporal Expectations Serving Perception and Action
Authors: van Ede Freek , Rohenkohl Gustavo , Gould Ian , Nobre Anna C. 
Published: September 2020

Temporal expectations enable anticipatory brain states that prepare us for upcoming perception and action. We investigated the purpose-dependent nature and consequences of cued temporal expectations on brain and behavior in male and female human volunteers, using two matched visual-motor tasks that stressed either response speed or visual accuracy. We show that the consequences of temporal expectations are fundamentally purpose dependent. Temporal expectations predominantly affected response times when visual demands were low and speed was more important, but perceptual accuracy when visual demands were more challenging. Using magnetoencephalography, we further show how temporal expectations latch onto anticipatory neural states associated with concurrent spatial expectations—modulating task-specific anticipatory neural lateralization of oscillatory brain activity in a modality- and frequency-specific manner. By relating these brain states to behavior, we finally reveal how the behavioral relevance of such anticipatory brain states is similarly purpose dependent.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTKnowing when events may occur helps to prepare neural activity for upcoming perception and action. It is becoming increasingly clear that distinct sources of temporal expectations may facilitate performance via distinct mechanisms. Another relevant dimension to consider regards the distinct purposes that temporal expectations may serve. Here, we demonstrate that the consequences of temporal expectations on neurophysiological brain activity and behavior are fundamentally purpose dependent, and show how temporal expectations interact with task-relevant neural states in a modality- and frequency-specific manner. This brings the important insight that the ways in which temporal expectations influence brain and behavior, and how brain activity is related to behavior, are not fixed properties but rather depend on the task at hand.
Encapsulated papillary variant of medullary carcinoma of thyroid with extensive cystic change: an extremely rare presentation
Authors: Singh Monika , Ahuja Arvind , Rahar Seema , Bhardwaj Minakshi 
Published: September 2020

Papillary variant of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is an unusual subtype with many diagnostic challenges. The authors report a case of papillary variant of thyroid medullary carcinoma in a 37- year-old female, who presented with complaints of pain in the thyroid nodule for the latter two months. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) neck revealed an enlarged and heterogeneously enhancing left lobe of thyroid. This was followed by hemithyroidectomy for suspicion of colloid goitre. Gross examination of the cut surface of the thyroid parenchyma had a sponge like appearance. On histopathology a diagnosis of encapsulated papillary variant of medullary carcinoma thyroid was made with the help of special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Role of circulatory leukocyte based indices in short-term mortality of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Taban Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Esgandarian Ilqhar , Nouri-Vaskeh Masoud , Golmohammadi Ali , Rahvar Negin , Teimourizad Abedin 
Published: September 2020

Background. Pro-inflammatory signaling is mediated by a variety of inflammatory mediators which can cause myocardial apoptosis, hypertrophia, and fibrosis, and also ultimately lead to adverse cardiac remodeling. This study aimed to assess the role of circulating leukocyte-based indices in predicting the short-term mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
Methods. In a retrospective study, patients with HFrEF admitted to a tertiary referral center between January 2016 and January 2017 were recruited to this study. The association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dLNR = neutrophils/(leukocytes-neutrophils)), monocyte/granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MGLR = (white cell count-lymphocyte count) to lymphocyte count), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and six-months mortality of patients were assessed.
Results. A total of 197 patients with HFrEF were enrolled in the study. NLR (P<0.001), dNLR (P<0.001), MGLR (P<0.001), PLR (P=0.006) and LVEF (P=0.042) showed significant difference between survived and died patients. In the Cox multivariate analysis we did not find NLR, dLNR, MGLR or PLR as an independent predictor of short-term mortality in HFrEF patients.
Conclusions. Although High NLR, PLR, MGLR and dNLR was associated with short-term mortality, it failed to independently predict the prognosis of HFrEF patients.