bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limitations of cross‐ and multigenerational plasticity for marine invertebrates faced with global climate change
Authors: Byrne Maria , Foo Shawna A. , Ross Pauline M. , Putnam Hollie M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough cross generation (CGP) and multigenerational (MGP) plasticity have been identified as mechanisms of acclimation to global change, the weight of evidence indicates that parental conditioning over generations is not a panacea to rescue stress sensitivity in offspring. For many species, there were no benefits of parental conditioning. Even when improved performance was observed, this waned over time within a generation or across generations and fitness declined. CGP and MGP studies identified resilient species with stress tolerant genotypes in wild populations and selected family lines. Several bivalves possess favourable stress tolerance and phenotypically plastic traits potentially associated with genetic adaptation to life in habitats where they routinely experience temperature and/or acidification stress. These traits will be important to help ‘climate proof’ shellfish ventures. Species that are naturally stress tolerant and those that naturally experience a broad range of environmental conditions are good candidates to provide insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in CGP and MGP. It is challenging to conduct ecologically relevant global change experiments over the long times commensurate with the pace of changing climate. As a result, many studies present stressors in a shock‐type exposure at rates much faster than projected scenarios. With more gradual stressor introduction over longer experimental durations and in context with conditions species are currently acclimatized and/or adapted to, the outcomes for sensitive species might differ. We highlight the importance to understand primordial germ cell development and the timing of gametogenesis with respect to stressor exposure. Although multigenerational exposure to global change stressors currently appears limited as a universal tool to rescue species in the face of changing climate, natural proxies of future conditions (upwelling zones, CO2 vents, naturally warm habitats) show that phenotypic adjustment and/or beneficial genetic selection is possible for some species, indicating complex plasticity–adaptation interactions.
Interannual variation of terrestrial carbon cycle: Issues and perspectives
Authors: Piao Shilong , Wang Xuhui , Wang Kai , Li Xiangyi , Bastos Ana , Canadell Josep G. , Ciais Philippe , Friedlingstein Pierre , Sitch Stephen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith accumulation of carbon cycle observations and model developments over the past decades, exploring interannual variation (IAV) of terrestrial carbon cycle offers the opportunity to better understand climate–carbon cycle relationships. However, despite growing research interest, uncertainties remain on some fundamental issues, such as the contributions of different regions, constituent fluxes and climatic factors to carbon cycle IAV. Here we overviewed the literature on carbon cycle IAV about current understanding of these issues. Observations and models of the carbon cycle unanimously show the dominance of tropical land ecosystems to the signal of global carbon cycle IAV, where tropical semiarid ecosystems contribute as much as the combination of all other tropical ecosystems. Vegetation photosynthesis contributes more than ecosystem respiration to IAV of the global net land carbon flux, but large uncertainties remain on the contribution of fires and other disturbance fluxes. Climatic variations are the major drivers to the IAV of net land carbon flux. Although debate remains on whether the dominant driver is temperature or moisture variability, their interaction,that is, the dependence of carbon cycle sensitivity to temperature on moisture conditions, is emerging as key regulators of the carbon cycle IAV. On timescales from the interannual to the centennial, global carbon cycle variability will be increasingly contributed by northern land ecosystems and oceans. Therefore, both improving Earth system models (ESMs) with the progressive understanding on the fast processes manifested at interannual timescale and expanding carbon cycle observations at broader spatial and longer temporal scales are critical to better prediction on evolution of the carbon–climate system.
Accelerating Streamline Tracking in Groundwater Flow Modeling on GPUs
Authors: Ji Xiaohui , Luo Mulan , Wang Xu‐Sheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStreamline simulation in groundwater flow modeling is a time‐consuming process when a large number of streamlines are analyzed. We develop a parallelization method on graphics processing units (GPUs) for the semi‐analytical particle tracking algorithm developed by Pollock (1988). Compute Unified Device Architecture was used to implement the parallel method. Forward and backward tracking of a streamline is handled by an individual thread. A GPU includes a grid of blocks where a block handles 32 threads. We use multi‐GPUs to accelerate streamline tracking in a flow model with millions of particles. The method was examined to simulate streamlines for identifying three‐dimensional (3D) flow systems in a Tóthian basin. The speedup exceeds 1000 when 8 NVIDIA GPUs are used to simulate 5 million or more streamlines.
Correlation of miR‐181a and three HOXA genes as useful biomarkers in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Xu Peipei , Zhou Di , Yan Guijun , Ouyang Jian , Chen Bing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionMiR‐181a is a small, noncoding RNA that plays important roles in the pathogenesis and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A group of HOXA genes, including HOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA11, has been established as an independent predictor for AML prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between miR‐181a and HOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA11 and explore their roles in predicting prognosis in AML.Patients and MethodsBone marrow samples of 46 untreated AML patients and 9 healthy donors were collected. Mononuclear cells were purified using density‐gradient centrifugation in Ficoll, and quantitative real‐time PCR was used to detect miR‐181a and HOXA gene expression level.ResultsHOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA11 were negatively correlated with miR‐181a, and their expression levels varied among AML subtypes, karyotypes, and risk status. Higher miR‐181a and lower HOXA gene expressions were significantly associated with lower risk status and better response to chemotherapy.ConclusionIn our study, we found miR‐181a expression was negatively correlated with three HOXA genes and they were associated with AML risk status and prognosis in granulocytic AML. It further supported that miR‐181a could be a useful marker for AML prognosis and possibly worked by regulating HOXA gene clusters.
Mendelian randomization analysis revealed potential causal factors for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mo Xingbo , Guo Yufan , Qian Qiyu , Fu Mengzhen , Lei Shufeng , Zhang Yonghong , Zhang Huan 
Published: October 2019

SummaryGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many loci for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, identification of functionally relevant genes remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to highlight potential causal genes for SLE in the GWAS loci. By applying Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, such as summary data‐based MR (SMR), generalized SMR and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, we identified DNA methylations in 15 loci and mRNA expression of 21 genes that were causally associated with SLE. The identified genes enriched in 14 specific KEGG pathways (e.g. SLE, viral carcinogenesis) and two GO terms (interferon‐γ‐mediated signaling pathway and innate immune response). Among the identified genes, UBE2L3 and BLK variants were significantly associated with UBE2L3 and BLK methylations and gene expressions, respectively. UBE2L3 was up‐regulated in SLE patients in several types of immune cells. Methylations (e.g. cg06850285) and mRNA expression of UBE2L3 were causally associated with SLE. Methylation site cg09528494 and mRNA expression of BLK were causally associated with SLE. BLK single nucleotide polymorphisms that were significantly associated with SLE were strongly associated with plasma cathepsin B level. Deep analysis identified that plasma cathepsin B level was causally associated with SLE. In summary, this study identified hundreds of DNA methylations and genes as potential risk factors for SLE. Genetic variants in UBE2L3 gene might affect SLE by influencing gene expression. Genetic variants in BLK gene might affect SLE by influencing BLK gene expression and plasma cathepsin B protein level.
Variance minimizing strategies for stochastic processes with applications to tracking stock indices
Authors: Colwell David B. , El‐Hassan Nadima , Kwon Oh Kang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper extends the notion of variance optimal hedging of contingent claims under the incomplete market setting to the hedging of entire processes and applies the results to the problem of tracking stock indices. Sufficient conditions under which this is possible are given, along with the corresponding variance minimizing strategy. The performances of tracking error variance (TEV) minimizing, locally risk minimizing, and variance minimizing strategies in tracking stock indices are investigated using both simulated and historical market data. In particular, it is shown using S&P500 data over the period 2000 and 2015 that the TEV of the variance minimizing strategy is statistically lower than other strategies at the 95% confidence level for 6‐month holding periods.
Dissolution kinetics of alumina in molten CaO–Al2O3–FetO–MgO–SiO2 oxide representing the RH slag in steelmaking process
Authors: Park Young‐Joon , Cho Yong‐Min , Cha Woo‐Yeol , Kang Youn‐Bae 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn order to effectively remove alumina inclusions suspending in ultra‐low C steel during RH process, the dissolution kinetics of alumina in molten CaO–Al2O3–FetO–MgO–SiO2 oxide was investigated. A crucible dissolution technique was used where the alumina crucible was allowed to dissolve in the slag of various conditions ((% CaO)/(% Al2O3), (% FetO), temperature). The obtained data were interpreted using a kinetic mass transport equation to obtain the mass transport coefficient (km) in each condition. Increasing (% CaO)/(% Al2O3), (% FetO), and temperature increased the dissolution rate as well as the km provided that the slag composition is not close to its saturation composition by alumina. In order to simulate the dissolution of alumina inclusion in the RH slag, which cannot be measured by a confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) at present due to the opaqueness of the slag, the modified invariant interface approximation was employed. Along with the obtained km, the viscosity of slag, and a reference experiment using the CSLM, the dissolution kinetics of alumina inclusion in the FetO‐containing RH slag was predicted. The time required for the dissolution of alumina inclusions from liquid steel to RH slag was discussed.
Experience of family function, family involvement, and self‐management in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: A thematic analysis
Authors: Bennich Birgitte B. , Munch Lene , Overgaard Dorthe , Konradsen Hanne , Knop Filip K. , Røder Michael , Vilsbøll Tina , Egerod Ingrid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo describe the patient's experience of family function and its importance in diabetes‐related self‐management.BackgroundMany patients fail to reach the targeted glycemic level due to low self‐management adherence. Knowledge is needed regarding the impact of family function on diabetes self‐management.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodsA purposive sample of 20 patients with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected in March‐June 2017 via audio‐recorded semi‐structured interviews, field notes and Eco‐maps. Analysed using thematic framework matrix and thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) Downplaying disease. The disease was trivialized creating a barrier to family involvement; (2) Second guessing. When diabetes was not discussed, patient and family made their own assumptions; (3) Going it alone. The participants preferred sole disease responsibility to maintain usual family life; (4) No regrets. The participants managed their disease with medications only to maintain family cohesion and ‘the good life’.ConclusionThe participants in our study downplayed the consequences of type 2 diabetes and chose to control their disease medically rather than by lifestyle changes. They renounced family involvement to maintain their lifestyle and promote family cohesion.ImpactDuring clinical check‐ups, patients should be encouraged to involve their family in lifestyle changes. Healthcare professionals need to recognize illness‐ and treatment beliefs and the impact of family function in disease management.
Effectiveness of blood pressure–lowering treatment by the levels of baseline Framingham risk score: A post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)
Authors: Zhang Ling , Sun Xiuting , Liao Lizhen , Zhang Shaozhao , Zhou Huimin , Zhong Xiangbin , Zhuang Xiaodong , Liao Xinxue 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis was a post hoc analysis of Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), aimed to investigate whether intensive blood pressure treatment has differential therapeutic outcomes on patients with different baseline Framingham risk score (FRS). The 9298 SPRINT participants were categorized into low‐risk (baseline FRS < 10%), intermediate‐risk (FRS = 10%‐20%), or high‐risk (FRS > 20%) arms. The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in myocardial infarction, stroke, acute decompensated heart failure, or death from cardiovascular causes. Serious adverse events were defined as hypotension, syncope, and bradycardia. Multiple Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios for study outcomes with intensive compared with standard SBP treatment between these three groups. After a median follow‐up time of 3.26 years, the primary outcome hazard ratio (HR) for intensive versus standard treatment was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.61‐0.88, P = .0044) in the high‐risk arm. And, for all‐cause mortality, the hazard ratio with intensive SBP treatment was 1.58 (95% CI: 0.55‐1.06), 0.9 (95% CI: 0.26‐9.50), and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.34‐0.82) in three arms (all P values for interaction > 0.05). Effects of intensive versus standard SBP control on serious adverse events were similar among patients with different FRS. Our results suggested that regardless of the FRS level, the intensive blood pressure control was beneficial.
Low‐level laser therapy 810‐nm up‐regulates macrophage secretion of neurotrophic factors via PKA‐CREB and promotes neuronal axon regeneration in vitro
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Sun Jiakai , Zheng Qiao , Hu Xueyu , Wang Zhe , Liang Zhuowen , Li Kun , Song Jiwei , Ding Tan , Shen Xuefeng , Zhang Jianxin , Qiao Lin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMacrophages play key roles in the secondary injury stage of spinal cord injury (SCI). M1 macrophages occupy the lesion area and secrete high levels of inflammatory factors that hinder lesion repair, and M2 macrophages can secrete neurotrophic factors and promote axonal regeneration. The regulation of macrophage secretion after SCI is critical for injury repair. Low‐level laser therapy (810‐nm) (LLLT) can boost functional rehabilitation in rats after SCI; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. To explore this issue, we established an in vitro model of low‐level laser irradiation of M1 macrophages, and the effects of LLLT on M1 macrophage polarization and neurotrophic factor secretion and the related mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that LLLT irradiation decreased the expression of M1 macrophage‐specific markers, and increased the expression of M2 macrophage‐specific markers. Through forward and reverse experiments, we verified that LLLT can promote the secretion of various neurotrophic factors by activating the PKA‐CREB pathway in macrophages and finally promote the regeneration of axons. Accordingly, LLLT may be an effective therapeutic approach for SCI with clinical application prospects.
Annual Research Review: Umbrella synthesis of meta‐analyses on child maltreatment antecedents and interventions: differential susceptibility perspective on risk and resilience
Authors: van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Coughlan Barry , Reijman Sophie 
Published: October 2019

Child maltreatment in the family context is a prevalent and pervasive phenomenon in many modern societies. The global perpetration of child abuse and neglect stands in stark contrast to its almost universal condemnation as exemplified in the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child. Much work has been devoted to the task of prevention, yet a grand synthesis of the literature is missing. Focusing on two core elements of prevention, that is, antecedents for maltreatment and the effectiveness of (preventative) interventions, we performed an umbrella review of meta‐analyses published between January 1, 2014, and December 17, 2018. Meta‐analyses were systematically collected, assessed, and integrated following a uniform approach to allow their comparison across domains. From this analysis of thousands of studies including almost 1.5 million participants, the following risk factors were derived: parental experience of maltreatment in his or her own childhood (d = .47), low socioeconomic status of the family (d = .34), dependent and aggressive parental personality (d = .45), intimate partner violence (d = .41), and higher baseline autonomic nervous system activity (d = .24). The effect size for autonomic stress reactivity was not significant (d = −.10). The umbrella review of interventions to prevent or reduce child maltreatment showed modest intervention effectiveness (d = .23 for interventions targeting child abuse potential or families with self‐reported maltreatment and d = .27 for officially reported child maltreatment cases). Despite numerous studies on child maltreatment, some large gaps in our knowledge of antecedents exist. Neurobiological antecedents should receive more research investment. Differential susceptibility theory may shed more light on questions aimed at breaking the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment and on the modest (preventive) intervention effects. In combination with family‐based interaction‐focused interventions, large‐scale socioeconomic experiments such as cash transfer trials and experiments with vouchers to move to a lower‐poverty area might be tested to prevent or reduce child maltreatment. Prevalence, antecedents, and preventive interventions of prenatal maltreatment deserve continuing scientific, clinical, and policy attention.
Association between the ferritin level and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Sun Ce , Wu Qi‐Jun , Gao Shan‐Yan , Ma Zhi‐Min , Liu Ya‐Shu , Zhang Jia‐Yu , Zhao Yu‐Hong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe relationship between ferritin and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has not been established. Thus, we carried out a meta‐analysis based on the current literature.Materials and MethodsWe searched relevant databases on Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science before 10 May 2019 to determine the relationship between ferritin and the risk of GDM. The relative risks and 95% confidence intervals of GDM risk were summarized using a random effects model. Studies using categories of ferritin as exposure were combined by dose–response analysis. We carried out both linear and non‐linear trends. We also carried out subgroup analysis, whether or not the studies adjusted for potential confounders, and meta‐regression analysis to explore the source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to explore the robustness of the meta‐analysis results.ResultsA total of 10 studies involving 4,690 participants were identified. The summary relative risk comparing persons with the highest concentration categories of ferritin with the lowest concentration categories of ferritin was 1.87 (95% confidence interval 1.50–2.34; I2 = 20.1%). Linear dose–response showed that an increase in ferritin of 10 μg/L increased the risk of GDM by 8% (1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.13, I2 = 55.1%; n = 4). A non‐linear dose–response relationship also showed a consistently increasing risk of GDM with increased ferritin. No evidence of publication bias was detected.ConclusionsThe findings from this meta‐analysis suggest that increased ferritin levels are associated with an increased risk of GDM; however, we require further prospective cohort studies to confirm the results, especially the dose–response relationship between ferritin and GDM.
(In)Efficient Interbank Networks
Authors: CASTIGLIONESI FABIO , NAVARRO NOEMI 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study the efficiency properties of the formation of an interbank network. Banks face a trade‐off by establishing connections in the interbank market. On the one hand, banks improve the diversification of their liquidity risk and therefore can obtain a higher expected payoff. On the other hand, banks not sufficiently capitalized have risk‐shifting incentives that expose them to the risk of bankruptcy. Connecting to such risky banks negatively affects expected payoff. We show that both the optimal and the decentralized networks are characterized by a core‐periphery structure. The core is made of the safe banks, whereas the periphery is populated by the risky banks. Nevertheless, the two network structures coincide only if counterparty risk is sufficiently low. Otherwise, the decentralized network is underconnected as compared to the optimal one. Finally, we analyze mechanisms that can avoid the formation of inefficient interbank networks.
The Aggregate and Distributional Effects of Financial Globalization: Evidence from Macro and Sectoral Data
Authors: FURCERI DAVIDE , LOUNGANI PRAKASH , OSTRY JONATHAN D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe take a fresh look at the aggregate and distributional effects of policies to liberalize international capital flows—financial globalization. Both country‐ and industry‐level results suggest that such policies have led on average to limited output gains while contributing to significant increases in inequality. The country‐level results are based on 228 capital account liberalization episodes spanning 149 advanced and developing economies from 1970 to the present. Difference‐in‐difference estimation using industry‐level data for 23 advanced economies suggests that liberalization episodes reduce the share of labor income, particularly for industries with higher external financial dependence, higher natural propensity to use layoffs to adjust to idiosyncratic shocks, and higher elasticity of substitution between capital and labor.