bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of BI 655064 in phase 1 clinical trials in healthy Chinese and Japanese subjects
Authors: Tsuda Yasuhiro , Grimaldi Christine , Huang Fenglei , Benediktus Ewald , Yagi Nobutaka , Padula Steven J. , Jang In‐Jin , Steffgen Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

AimsTo evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of BI 655064 in healthy Chinese and Japanese subjects after administration of single doses of 80‐240 mg and multiple dosing of 240 mg once weekly over 4 weeks.MethodsTwo phase 1, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies were conducted (single‐rising doses of BI 655064 in Chinese/Japanese male subjects [n = 12 per BI 655064 dose group] or repeated 240 mg BI 655064 in Chinese male subjects [n = 9]). Plasma samples were collected to investigate BI 655064 pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (CD40 receptor occupancy [RO]) and immunogenicity, along with the safety and tolerability of BI 655064.ResultsBI 655064 showed good overall tolerability following single‐dose administration of 80‐240 mg and repeated administration of 240 mg BI 655064 over 4 weeks. More Chinese subjects reported adverse events compared with Japanese subjects following single‐dose administration (59.4% vs 3.1%). BI 655064 exhibited nonlinear, saturable kinetics, with higher doses resulting in slower apparent clearance (0.514‐0.713 mL min−1), and disproportionately higher total exposure (AUC0‐inf; 5610‐7780 μg·h mL−1) and maximum plasma concentration (15 700‐21 300 ng mL−1) with 240 mg BI 655064. Ninety percent inhibition of CD40 RO was achieved with doses ≥120 mg, and a direct relationship between BI 655064 plasma concentration and inhibition of CD40 RO was observed. Most subjects had a positive treatment‐emergent antidrug antibody response.ConclusionsBI 655064 pharmacokinetic and safety profiles in East Asian male subjects were consistent with those observed in a Western population. No adjustments in the BI 655064 dosing recommendations are warranted for future clinical trials.
Dental care during COVID‐19 pandemic: Survey of experts’ opinion
Authors: Becker Kathrin , Brunello Giulia , Gurzawska‐Comis Katarzyna , Becker Jürgen , Sivolella Stefano , Schwarz Frank , Klinge Björn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe current COVID‐19 outbreak in conjunction with the need to provide safe dental treatments and the limited knowledge on the efficacy of protective measures has posed dentists into a challenging situation. Therefore, the present article aimed at collecting experiences and recommendations of frontline clinical experts on critical aspects of dental treatment provision during pandemic.Material & MethodsFrom a total of 32 European countries, one leading academic expert in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery or Oral Surgery per country was asked to participate in an anonymous online 10‐item survey on COVID‐19 covering the topics of safety of dental settings, personal protective equipment (PPE), and patient‐related measures to reduce transmission risk. Data collection took place from April 12th to May 22nd, 2020.ResultsA total of 27 experts from different European countries completed the survey. The transmission risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 in dental settings for aerosol‐generating procedures was considered high by all experts except two. For aerosol‐free and aerosol‐generating procedures, more than 80% of the experts recommended face protection and caps for every single treatment. For aerosol‐generating procedures, additional measures (FFP2/FFP3 masks and gowns) were suggested by the vast majority of the experts. To reduce transmission risk, all experts recommended limiting aerosol‐generating procedures and reducing the number of patients in waiting areas as well as hand hygiene for the patients.ConclusionThe limitation of aerosol‐generating procedures along with the usage of adequate personal protection equipment was considered to be crucial to protect dental healthcare providers and patients, thus reducing the transmission risk of COVID‐19.
Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and red flags of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein encephalomyelitis in a clinical routine cohort
Authors: Veselaj Krenar , Kamber Nicole , Briner Myriam , Friedli Christoph , Diem Lara , Guse Kirsten , Miclea Andrei , Wiest Roland , Wagner Franca , Grabe Hilary , Abegg Mathias , Horn Michael P. , Bigi Sandra , Chan Andrew , Hoepner Robert , Salmen Anke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG‐IgG) have been proposed to define “MOG encephalomyelitis” (MOG‐EM), with published diagnostic and “red flag” criteria. We aimed to evaluate these criteria in a routine clinical setting.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with borderline/positive MOG‐IgG and applied the diagnostic and red flag criteria to determine likelihood of MOG‐EM diagnosis. Para‐/clinical parameters were described and analyzed with chi‐square test.ResultsIn total, 37 patients fulfilled MOG‐EM diagnostic criteria (female‐to‐male ratio: 1.6:1, median onset age: 28.0 years [IQR 18.5‐40.5], n = 8 with pediatric onset). In 24/37, red flags were present, predominantly MOG‐IgG at assay cutoff and/or MRI lesions suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). As proposed in the consensus criteria, these patients should rather be described as “possible” MOG‐EM. Of these, we classified 13 patients as “unlikely” MOG‐EM in the presence of the red flag “borderline MOG‐IgG” with negative MOG‐IgG retestorcoincidence of ≥1 additional red flag. This group mainly consisted of patients diagnosed with MS (n = 11). Frequency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF‐)—specific oligoclonal bands (OCB) is significantly lower in definite vs possible and unlikely MOG‐EM (P = .0005).ConclusionEvaluation of diagnostic and red flag criteria, MOG‐IgG retesting (incl. change of assay), and CSF‐specific OCB are relevant in clinical routine cohorts to differentiate MOG‐EM from MS.
Large carnivore hunting and the social license to hunt
Authors: Darimont Chris T. , Hall Hannah , Eckert Lauren , Mihalik Ilona , Artelle Kyle , Treves Adrian , Paquet Paul C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe social license to operate framework considers how society grants or withholds informal permission for resource extractors to exploit publicly owned resources. We developed a modified model, which we refer to as the social license to hunt (SLH). In it we similarly consider hunters as operators, given that wildlife are legally considered public resources in North America and Europe. We applied the SLH model to examine the controversial hunting of large carnivores, which are frequently killed for trophies. Killing for trophies is widespread, but undertaken by a minority of hunters, and can pose threats to the SLH for trophy‐seeking carnivore hunters and potentially beyond. Societal opposition to large carnivore hunting relates not only to conservation concerns but also to misalignment between killing for trophies and dominant public values and attitudes concerning the treatment of animals. We summarized cases related to the killing of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), wolves (Canis lupus), and other large carnivores in Canada, the United States, and Europe to illustrate how opposition to large carnivore hunting, now expressed primarily on social media, can exert rapid and significant pressure on policy makers and politicians. Evidence of the potential for transformative change to wildlife management and conservation includes proposed and realized changes to legislation, business practice, and wildlife policy, including the banning of some large carnivore hunts. Given that policy is ultimately shaped by societal values and attitudes, research gaps include developing increased insight into public support of various hunting policies beyond that derived from monitoring of social media and public polling. Informed by increased evidence, the SLH model can provide a conceptual foundation for predicting the likelihood of transient versus enduring changes to wildlife conservation policy and practice for a wide variety of taxa and contexts.
The robotic colorectal experience: an outcomes and learning curve analysis of 502 patients
Authors: Parascandola Salvatore A. , Horsey Michael L. , Hota Salini , Paull Jessie Osborne , Graham Ada , Pudalov Natalie , Smith Savannah , Amdur Richard , Obias Vincent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to present our experience with robotic colorectal surgery since its establishment at our institution in 2009. By examining the outcomes of over 500 patients, our experience provides a basis for assessing the introduction of a robotic platform in a colorectal practice. Specific measures investigated include intraoperative data and postoperative outcomes for all operations using the robotic platform. In addition, for our most commonly performed operations we wished to analyse the learning curve to improve operative proficiency. This is the largest single‐surgeon robotic database analysed to date.MethodA prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent robotic colorectal surgery by a single surgeon at the George Washington University Hospital was retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data and perioperative outcomes were assessed. Additionally, an operating time learning curve analysis was performed.ResultsInclusion criteria identified 502 patients who underwent robotic colorectal surgery between October 2009 and December 2018. The most common indications for surgery were diverticulitis (22.9%), colon adenocarcinoma (22.1%) and rectal adenocarcinoma (19.5%). The most common operations were anterior/low anterior resection (33.9%), right hemicolectomy/ileocaecectomy (24.9%) and left hemicolectomy/sigmoidectomy (21.9%). The rate of conversion to open surgery was 4.8%. The most common postoperative complications were wound infection (5.0%), anastomotic leakage (4.0%) and abscess formation (2.8%). The operating time learning curve plateaued at 55–65 cases for anterior and low anterior resection and 35–45 cases for left hemicolectomy and sigmoidectomy. A clear learning curve was not seen in right hemicolectomy.ConclusionRobotic‐assisted surgery can be performed in a diverse colorectal practice with low rates of conversion and postoperative complications. Plateau performance was achieved after 65 anterior/low anterior resections and 45 left and sigmoid colectomies.
Programmed cell death pathways in hearing loss: A review of apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis
Authors: Wu Junhao , Ye Jing , Kong Weili , Zhang Shouyue , Zheng Yun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD)—apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis—is any pathological form of cell death mediated by intracellular processes. Ototoxic drugs, ageing and noise exposure are some common pathogenic factors of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) that can induce the programmed death of auditory hair cells through different pathways, and eventually lead to the loss of hair cells. Furthermore, several mutations in apoptotic genes including DFNA5, DFNA51 and DFNB74 have been suggested to be responsible for the new functional classes of monogenic hearing loss (HL). Therefore, in this review, we elucidate the role of these three forms of PCD in different types of HL and discuss their guiding significance for HL treatment. We believe that further studies of PCD pathways are necessary to understand the pathogenesis of HL and guide scientists and clinicians to identify new drug targets for HL treatment.
Staring at the Sun: Tragedy, trauma, and ecological harmony
Authors: Gray Tyson‐Lord 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently it has become increasingly evident that current theories of civilization are unsustainable. Within this essay I critique three alternative theories: bioregionalism, sustainable development, and The Universe Story. I argue that although these theories address ecological devastation, they fail to grapple with the legacy of white supremacy. Evoking Richard Wright's poem Between the World and Me, I argue that for minorities the landscape is often inscribed with trauma. Consequently, any theory of ecological harmony must take this into account. I refer to the task of contending with the legacy of slavery, colonization, and genocide as Staring at the Sun.
Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on youth mental health among youth with physical health challenges
Authors: Hawke Lisa D. , Monga Suneeta , Korczak Daphne , Hayes Em , Relihan Jacqueline , Darnay Karleigh , Cleverley Kristin , Lunsky Yona , Szatmari Peter , Henderson Joanna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo examine mental health in conjunction with physical health during the COVID‐19 pandemic among youth with physical health conditions compared to those without.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 622 youth aged 14 to 28 was conducted. Analyses were conducted to understand the changes in mental and physical health among youth in four groups: (a) participants with a friend or family member diagnosed with COVID‐19, (b) participants with symptoms associated with COVID‐19, (c) participants with atopic conditions (asthma and allergies), and (d) participants with other preexisting physical health conditions.ResultsMany participants with physical health concerns met screening criteria for an internalizing disorder, which was significantly higher than the rate found among participants without physical health conditions. Significantly greater declines in self‐reported mental health were observed during the COVID‐19 period compared to 3 months earlier among youth reporting physical health concerns compared to those without physical health concerns. Substance use does not appear to have been affected.ConclusionsMental health concerns are highly prevalent among youth with physical health concerns, and also appear to be exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Physical health concerns appear to constitute risk factors for heightened mental health responses to the pandemic situation. System planners striving to adapt mental health services to meet social/physical distancing recommendations are urged to consider youth with physical health conditions and ensure that adequate integrated mental health and physical health supports are available to them.
Dirk Hartog Island ‘Return to 1616’ Project – The first six years (2014 to 2019)
Authors: Algar Dave , Morris Keith , Asher John , Cowen Saul 
Published: October 2020

SummaryEarly European land use of Dirk Hartog Island left a legacy of cats, sheep and goats that led to the local extinction of 10 of the Dirk Hartog Island’s 13 mammal species. A successful programme of eradication of these introduced species has resulted in improved habitat quality and is allowing the translocation of the island’s locally extinct native mammals. The island could potentially support one of the most diverse small‐medium‐sized terrestrial mammal assemblages in Australia and contribute significantly to their long‐term conservation.
THINKING THE DEATH DRIVE BEYOND DEATH IN DER FLIEGENDE HOLLÄNDER*
Authors: Lebiez Judith 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article argues that Richard Wagner's opera Der fliegende Holländer, which may seem representative of the death drive, is essentially concerned with birth. As Slavoj Žižek has suggested, the opera bears striking parallels to Freud's Jenseits des Lustprinzips (1920). Yet deeper insights on the opera can be reached in light of the theory developed by dissident psychoanalyst Otto Rank in Das Trauma der Geburt (1924). An analysis of the images used by Wagner in his libretto reveals an ambivalent relation to the maternal, with fantasies focusing on the close union between mother and child, the birth process that tears the child away from the mother, and the child's desire to return to the womb.
MOBILISING DISGUST AND COMPASSION: ELPIS MELENA'S GEMMA; ODER, TUGEND UND LASTER (1877) AND THE ANTI‐VIVISECTION MOVEMENT
Authors: Yanacek Holly A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIn the nineteenth century, keeping pets became increasingly common, and the relationships between humans and their companion animals became more moralised and affectively charged. These affective bonds between people and their pets paved the way for animal advocacy and the transnational anti‐vivisection movement. Gemma; oder, Tugend und Laster (1877), written by Anglo‐German author Marie Espérance von Schwartz (1818–99) under the pseudonym Elpis Melena, was one of the publications that launched the anti‐vivisection movement in Germany. This sentimental novel provides a model for late nineteenth‐century animal activism through the depiction of the title heroine, a young woman who is devoted to her pets and is determined to end vivisection in England. Published five years after Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), Gemma acknowledges strong relationships between humans and non‐human animals on the basis of common feelings and suffering. My analysis demonstrates how Gemma attempts to inspire compassion for animals by redirecting readers’ initial disgust at images and descriptions of vivisected animals to the vivisectors themselves. Yet at the centre of the novel's narrative structure are anthropocentric concerns, as if to acknowledge that feeling compassion towards non‐human animals – although it was gaining greater currency at the time – was still contested.
A Phillips curve for the euro area
Authors: Ball Laurence , Mazumder Sandeep 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper asks whether a textbook Phillips curve can explain the behavior of core inflation in the euro area. A critical feature of the analysis is that we measure core inflation with the weighted median of industry inflation rates, which is less volatile than the common measure of inflation excluding food and energy prices. We find that fluctuations in core inflation since the creation of the euro are well explained by three factors: expected inflation (as measured by surveys of forecasters); the output gap (as measured by the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development); and the pass‐through of movements in headline inflation. Our specification resolves the puzzle of a “missing disinflation” after the Great Recession, and it diminishes the puzzle of a “missing inflation” during the recent economic recovery.
Consumers living with psychosis: Perspectives on sexuality
Authors: Evans Alicia M. , Quinn Chris , McKenna Brian , Willis Karen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMental health clinicians work within a recovery framework that is rights based and emphasizes positive and respectful approaches to working with mental health consumers. Mental health nurses’ practice is also predicated on holism and inclusiveness, yet consumers’ sexuality is sometimes neglected and rights in this area overlooked. Also overlooked is sexuality as an area for investigation, particularly from a consumer perspective, even though it constitutes part of consumers’ broader remit of sexual health. This paper reports findings from a case study where consumers were asked about their ability to negotiate and sustain sexual expression while residing in a long‐stay mental health rehabilitation facility. There were three main findings. First, the physical space of the facility, inclusive of consumers’ bedrooms, was policed by mental health clinicians with ongoing intrusions into consumers’ privacy, which inhibited their sexual expression. The creation of barriers to sexual expression is counter to polices that promote recovery. Second, consumers reported significant medication‐related weight gain which negatively affected their self‐image and sexual sense of self. Third, the consumers spoke about their sexuality in ordinary, everyday language devoid of any hallmark of psychosis. This highlights the importance of relating to consumers about their sexuality and sexual needs from a humane rather than technical framework. Further, it foregrounds the relational aspect of the mental health nurses’ role rather than the technical aspect. Yet sexuality is a topic that is often neglected, indicating that an upskilling of the mental health nursing workforce is required, to strengthen communication and relationship skills.
Amphibians in zoos: a global approach on distribution patterns of threatened amphibians in zoological collections
Authors: Jacken A. , Rödder D. , Ziegler T. 
Published: October 2020

In 2008, the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria and Amphibian Ark proclaimed the ‘Year of the Frog’. In the present study, based on analyses conducted in April and May 2017, the selection of amphibian species in zoos was investigated almost 10 years after that campaign. Given the huge diversity of amphibians, their representation in zoological collections was still poor, with only around 7% (540 species) of all extant amphibian species kept in zoos (76% anurans, 22% caudates and 2% caecilians). Only 10·4% of the amphibians in zoos were kept in sufficient numbers in different collections, while a further 10·1% were represented by a single specimen. Only 4·3% of the amphibian species that were recommended by the Amphibian Ark for ex situ conservation were kept in zoos. Moreover, 44·3% of the globally threatened amphibians in zoos were each held by a single zoo only. With some exceptions, reproduction success of amphibians in zoos was low and reported for only 10% of amphibian species in two or more institutions within one year. In the present study, a richness analysis provided further insights into the focus areas of amphibians in zoological collections. Large numbers of zoos in North America and Europe maintained amphibian collections of global importance, although the distribution of these institutions did not match the natural distribution of target species that were most urgently in need of ex situ rescue. Investing in conservation‐breeding programmes and cooperation with local partners will help to increase the number of threatened amphibian taxa in zoos. Although the global zoo community’s response to the amphibian decline is slow, it still holds the capability to procure a shift from common to threatened taxa. By providing their expertise and facilities for the keeping and (conservation) breeding of threatened amphibian taxa, zoos can play a key role in amphibian conservation in terms of the ‘One Plan approach’.