bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the surface packing cementation aluminizing processes of Q345 steel in an air environment
Authors: Xingping Fan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To address the requirement of a vacuum environment or a protective atmosphere in the process of aluminizing, pack cementation was used to aluminize the surface of Q345 steel in an air environment. The aluminized coating with a large hardness and corrosion resistance was prepared on the surface of Q345 steel. The influence of the aluminizing temperature and the holding time on the surface quality and thickness of the aluminized coating was studied to determine the optimum conditions for aluminizing. The surface quality of the coating was observed by an electron microscope and the thickness of the aluminized coating was measured. The main elemental distribution of the coating was also analyzed by an energy spectrometer. The phase composition of the aluminized coating was analyzed by an x-ray diffractometer and the change in coating hardness was measured by a microhardness tester. The results showed that when the holding time was 3 h and the heating temperature was 800 °C, the obtained thickness of the aluminized coating was 180 μm, with good quality, excellent hardness, and corrosion resistance.
Tuning of physical properties of multifunctional Mg-Zn spinel ferrite nanocrystals: a comparative investigations manufactured via conventional ceramic versus green approach sol-gel combustion route
Authors: Khirade Pankaj P , Chavan Apparao R , Somvanshi Sandeep B , Kounsalye Jitendra S , Jadhav K M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work focused on the impact of synthesis routes on the structural, microstructural, magnetic, electrical and dielectric characteristics of Mg1−x
Zn
x
Fe2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00) nanocrystals manufactured via the ceramic and green approach sol–gel route. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the entire synthesized ferrite solids crystallize in single phase spinel structure. The XRD outcomes highlight the impact of the synthesis routes and Zn2+ replacement on the morphology, crystallite size and structural parameters of magnesium nano-ferrites. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images illustrate that the process of synthesis causes extensive lessening of grain and crystallite sizes. The magnetic study reveals that the magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite can be tuned by zinc substitution. The saturation magnetization (Ms), retentivity (Mr), coercive force (Hc) and magneton number diminutions meaningfully with the replacement of diamagnetic Zn2+ ions in Mg-ferrite for both the synthesized systems. The deterioration of magnetic parameters with Zn2+ substitution can be clarified on the base of the random spin canting model. Likewise, the magnetic parameters, enhanced meaningfully for sol-gel derived samples this can be attributed due to decline of crystallite size effect. The DC electric resistivity displays NTCR behaviour like ideal semiconducting materials for all the produced samples. The DC resistivity values of sol-gel produced samples were found to be little bit higher than that of ceramic derived samples. The experimental dielectric constant as a function of frequency behaviour can be elucidated with the support of the heterogeneous model of the polycrystalline structure of ferrites. The dielectric constant and loss tangent decreases with Zn2+ content for both the systems. The dielectric constant enhances for sol-gel derived samples; however, lower values of loss tangent were found. The obtained outcomes can be suitable for multifunctional applications in electronics devices and biomedical field.
Can Knowledge Exchange Forge a Collaborative Pathway to Policymaking? A Case Study Example of the Recognition Matters Project
Authors: Critchley Ariane , Mitchell Mary 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Knowledge Exchange is considered a way that research might be operationalised beyond the academy, both within policy and practice. This article seeks to analyse knowledge exchange as a method of bringing field, research and policy together. It does so through the case study of a social work knowledge exchange project, ‘Recognition Matters’. This co-produced project brought together two separate research studies undertaken by the authors. These studies focused on different elements of child welfare and protection: pre-birth child protection and Family Group Conferencing, respectively. The research findings were creatively woven together with the retelling of a mother’s story of child protection proceedings, alongside the practice wisdom and experience of three social work practitioners. In this article, the authors firstly consider the conditions for collaborative knowledge exchange as a commitment to social justice. Using the case study described, the value of this approach as a mechanism for social work to engage in policymaking is then explored. It is argued that in the context of significant challenges to the realisation of social justice, collaborative knowledge exchange activities may represent a genuine avenue for transforming social policy and creating meaningful research impact.
“Green Life Matters”: Place and the Politics of Environmental and Commemorative Justice
Authors: Maurantonio Nicole 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes newspaper discourse in Richmond, Virginia surrounding the placement of a statue to Maggie Lena Walker, the first Black woman bank president in the United States, and the proposed removal of a live oak tree to make way for the installation of the Walker statue in the city’s Jackson Ward neighborhood, once known as the “Harlem of the South.” While at first glance, the heated debate surrounding the live oak tree’s proposed removal might conjure a familiar racial divide between white environmentalists and Black community members, this article suggests that the debate in the majority Black city instead captured a broader tension within Black communities torn between advocating for commemorative and environmental justice.
Rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Levodopa Quantitation at Low UV Wavelength: Application of Pharmacokinetics Study in Rat Following Intranasal Delivery
Authors: Parhizkar Elahehnaz , Mohammadi Zahra , Alipour Shohreh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Levodopa is widely administered orally in clinical treatment of Parkinson’s disease; however, due to levodopa various oral absorption and low bioavailability, intranasal delivery seems to be a suitable alternative route of administration. Pluronic F-127 is a thermosensitive polymer, which can form gel at nasal cavity temperature and increase drug residence time. In this study, a rapid High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was validated in presence of internal standard to determine pharmacokinetic parameters following levodopa administration to rats in three different intravenous solution, intranasal solution and intranasal thermosensitive gel groups. A precised (96.7%) and accurate (95.0%) HPLC method was validated at low UltraViolet (UV) wavelength of 208 nm that showed limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 59 and 177 ng/mL, respectively. Specificity results showed no interference for levodopa with endogenous serum materials, and serum extraction efficacy was 93%. Pharmacokinetic parameters including bioavailability of 75 and 85% with mean residence time of 78 and 94 min were estimated for intranasal solution and thermosensitive gel using the validated HPLC method, which indicated that levodopa nasal gel may be a good alternative with appropriate pharmacokinetic outcome. Therefore, the validated levodopa HPLC analysis method at low UV wavelength was efficiently applied in pharmacokinetic study.
Acquisition and Transmission of Carbapenemase-Producing (blaKPC-2) Enterobacter cloacae in a Highly Frequented Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Klein Sabrina , Boutin Sébastien , Späth Isabel , Kimmich Christoph , Brandt Juliane , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Heeg Klaus , Nurjadi Dennis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The role of outpatient clinics as a potential transmission ground for multidrug-resistant organisms has not been adequately investigated. Here, we report a transmission cluster of blaKPC-2-positive Enterobacter cloacae among patients treated in a highly frequented outpatient department.
Secondary Attack Rate and Family Clustering of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Children of Healthcare Workers With Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Ladhani Shamez N , Andrews Nick , Aiano Felicity , Baawuah Frances , Amin-Chowdhury Zahin , Brown Kevin E , Amirthalingam Gayatri , Ramsay Mary E , Waterfield Thomas ,   RAPID-19 Investigation Team, Watson Chris , Moore Rebecca , Ferris Kathryn , Tonry Claire , Watt Alison P , McGinn Claire , Foster Steven , Evans Jennifer , Lyttle Mark D , Ahmad Shazaad , Corr Michael , McFetridge Lisa , Mitchell Hannah , Maney Julie-Ann , Christie Sharon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe measured serum SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 215 children of healthcare workers to estimate secondary attack rates. Twenty-one families had a parent with confirmed COVID-19. There was strong evidence of family clustering (P &lt; .001): 20/21 (95.2%) children were seropositive in 9 families and none of 23 children in 12 other families.
Modularity and specialization in bat–fly interaction networks are remarkably consistent across patches within urbanized landscapes and spatial scales
Authors: Urbieta Gustavo Lima , Graciolli Gustavo , Vizentin-Bugoni Jeferson 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Patterns of specialization and the structure of interactions between bats and ectoparasitic flies have been studied mostly on non-urban environments and at local scales. Thus, how anthropogenic disturbances influence species interactions and network structure in this system remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated patterns of interaction between Phyllostomidae bats and ectoparasitic Streblidae flies, and variations in network specialization and structure across Cerrado patches within urbanized landscapes in Brazil and between local and regional scales. We found high similarity in the richness and composition of bat and fly species across communities, associated with low turnover of interactions between networks. The high specialization of bat–streblid interactions resulted in little connected and modular networks, with the emergence of modules containing subsets of species that interact exclusively or primarily with each other. Such similarities in species and interaction composition and network structure across communities and scales suggest that bat–fly interactions within Cerrado patches are little affected by the degree of human modification in the surrounding matrix. This remarkable consistency is likely promoted by specific behaviors, the tolerance of Phyllostomidae bats to surrounding urbanized landscapes as well as by the specificity of the streblid–bat interactions shaped over evolutionary time.
Automated Detection of Crohn’s Disease Intestinal Strictures on Capsule Endoscopy Images Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Klang Eyal , Grinman Ana , Soffer Shelly , Margalit Yehuda Reuma , Barzilay Oranit , Amitai Michal Marianne , Konen Eli , Ben-Horin Shomron , Eliakim Rami , Barash Yiftach , Kopylov Uri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Passable intestinal strictures are frequently detected on capsule endoscopy [CE]. Such strictures are a major component of inflammatory scores. Deep neural network technology for CE is emerging. However, the ability of deep neural networks to identify intestinal strictures on CE images of Crohn’s disease [CD] patients has not yet been evaluated.

Methods
We tested a state-of-the-art deep learning network for detecting CE images of strictures. Images of normal mucosa, mucosal ulcers, and strictures of Crohn’s disease patients were retrieved from our previously described CE image bank. Ulcers were classified as per degree of severity. We performed 10 cross-validation experiments. A clear patient-level separation was maintained between training and testing sets.

Results
Overall, the entire dataset included 27 892 CE images: 1942 stricture images, 14 266 normal mucosa images, and 11 684 ulcer images [mild: 7075, moderate: 2386, severe: 2223]. For classifying strictures versus non-strictures, the network exhibited an average accuracy of 93.5% [±6.7%]. The network achieved excellent differentiation between strictures and normal mucosa (area under the curve [AUC] 0.989), strictures and all ulcers [AUC 0.942], and between strictures and different grades of ulcers [for mild, moderate, and severe ulcers—AUCs 0.992, 0.975, and 0.889, respectively].

Conclusions
Deep neural networks are highly accurate in the detection of strictures on CE images in Crohn’s disease. The network can accurately separate strictures from ulcers across the severity range. The current accuracy for the detection of ulcers and strictures by deep neural networks may allow for automated detection and grading of Crohn’s disease-related findings on CE.
Complete subset averaging with many instruments
Authors: Lee Seojeong , Shin Youngki 
Published: November 2020

SummaryWe propose a two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator whose first stage is the equal-weighted average over a complete subset with k instruments among K available, which we call the complete subset averaging (CSA) 2SLS. The approximate mean squared error (MSE) is derived as a function of the subset size k by the Nagar (1959) expansion. The subset size is chosen by minimising the sample counterpart of the approximate MSE. We show that this method achieves asymptotic optimality among the class of estimators with different subset sizes. To deal with averaging over a growing set of irrelevant instruments, we generalise the approximate MSE to find that the optimal k is larger than otherwise. An extensive simulation experiment shows that the CSA-2SLS estimator outperforms the alternative estimators when instruments are correlated. As an empirical illustration, we estimate the logistic demand function in Berry et al. (1995) and find that the CSA-2SLS estimate is better supported by economic theory than are the alternative estimates.
Long-term prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement and periprocedural myocardial infarction after uncomplicated revascularization: MASS-V follow-up
Authors: Linhares-Filho Jaime , Hueb Whady , Lima Eduardo , Rezende Paulo , Azevedo Diogo , Rochitte Carlos , Nomura Cesar , Serrano-Junior Carlos , Ramires José , Kalil-Filho Roberto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac biomarkers elevation is common after revascularization, even in absence of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) detection by imaging methods. Thus, late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) may be useful on PMI diagnosis and prognosis. We sought to evaluate long-term prognostic value of PMI and new LGE after revascularization.

Methods and results
Two hundred and two patients with multivessel coronary disease and preserved ventricular function who underwent elective revascularization were included, of whom 136 (67.3%) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and 66 (32.7%) percutaneous coronary intervention. The median follow-up was 5 years (4.8–5.8 years). Cardiac biomarkers measurement and LGE-CMR were performed before and after procedures. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions definition was used to assess PMI. Primary endpoint was composed of death, infarction, additional revascularization, or cardiac hospitalization. Primary endpoint was observed in 29 (14.3%) patients, of whom 13 (14.9%) had PMI and 16 (13.9%) did not (P = 0.93). Thirty-six (17.8%) patients had new LGE. Twenty (12.0%) events occurred in patients without new LGE and 9 (25.2%) in patients with it (P = 0.045). LGE was also associated to increased mortality, with 4 (2.4%) and 4 (11.1%) deaths in subjects without and with it (P = 0.02). LGE was the only independent predictor of primary endpoint and mortality (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02). Median LGE mass was estimated at 4.6 g. Patients with new LGE had a greater biomarkers release (median troponin: 8.9 ng/mL vs. 1.8 ng/mL and median creatine kinase-MB: 38.0 ng/mL vs. 12.3 ng/mL; P &lt; 0.001 in both comparisons).

Conclusions
New LGE was shown to be better prognostic predictor than biomarker-only PMI definition after uncomplicated revascularization. Furthermore, new LGE was the only independent predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality.

Clinical trial registration
http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN09454308.
Histopathological changes in dilated ascending aorta associated with aortic valve cuspidity
Authors: Karalko Mikita , Stejskal Vaclav , Dergel Martin , Gofus Jan , Timbilla Salifu , Zaloudkova Lenka , Zacek Pavel , Pojar Marek , Vojacek Jan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) often present with a dilated ascending aorta. However, the underlying pathogenesis for the observed changes in the aortic wall and the resulting aneurysmal dilation remains a subject of debate. This study aims to compare the histological abnormalities of the ascending aorta in BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients and their correlation with aortic diameter and patient age.

METHODS
A total of 376 patients from our institution’s clinical database were included in the retrospective analysis. These patients underwent either elective surgery for ascending aorta dilation or emergency surgery for aortic dissection, either isolated or with a structurally diseased aortic valve. After excision, the ascending aorta samples were analysed by a pathologist.

RESULTS
On histological examination, a higher degree of elastic fibre fragmentation and loss and mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation was present in the samples from TAV patients when compared with that from BAV patients (P &lt; 0.001). However, correlation was poor for all variables when considering aortic diameter and histological abnormalities or age and histological abnormalities in both BAV and TAV patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrates a greater incidence of severe histological abnormalities in TAV patients when compared with BAV patients.
The association of amputations and peripheral artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter type-2 inhibitors: real-world study
Authors: Paul Sanjoy K , Bhatt Deepak L , Montvida Olga 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal pattern of amputations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the risk of amputations by new and older anti-diabetic drugs (ADDs), and the interplay of peripheral artery disease (PAD) with therapy and amputation risk.

Methods and results
Using Centricity Electronic Medical Records from USA, 3 293 983 patients with T2DM were identified: 169 739 received sodium-glucose cotransporter type-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i; no exposure to incretins); 149 826 received glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists [GLP-1RA, no SGLT-2i or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) exposure]; 448 225 received DPP-4i (no exposure to GLP-1RA or SGLT-2i); and 1 954 353 received other ADDs. The proportion of incident amputations per 10 000 adults ranged between 4.7 and 6.8 during 2000–08 and significantly increased to 12.3 in 2017. Over 17 211 719 person-years follow-up post T2DM diagnosis, the rates per 1000 person-years of any and lower limb amputations (LLAs) were similar between SGLT-2i and incretins [95% confidence interval (CI) range: 1.06–1.67], and significantly higher in other groups (95% CI range: 1.96–2.29). In propensity score-adjusted pairwise analyses, the risk of LLA was not higher in SGLT-2i vs. GLP1-RA [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI): 0.88 (0.73, 1.05)], and lower in SGLT-2i vs. DPP-4i/other ADD [HR (95% CI): 0.65 (0.56, 0.75)/0.43 (0.37, 0.49)]. The rate of LLA was similar in patients treated with canagliflozin, empagliflozin, or dapagliflozin. Patients with PAD had more than four-fold higher LLA risk (range of 95% CI of HR: 3.6–6.0).

Conclusion
The risk of amputation in patients treated with SGLT-2i and incretins was not higher compared with other ADDs. Pre-existing PAD was the greatest driver of amputation risk.
Role of genetics in atrial fibrillation management
Authors: Rienstra Michiel , Siland Joylene E , Ellinor Patrick T 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) management has significantly improved during the career of professor Crijns. Research was implemented into guidelines and clinical practice. However, despite advances in AF management, large differences between individual treatment responses still exist and the mechanisms underlying initiation and perpetuation of AF are not completely understood. International collaborations have revealed the genetic contribution to AF and steps towards improving AF management are being made. In this short review, the most important paradigms shifts in the field of AF genetics are recognized and the future role of genetics in personalized management of AF is discussed.
Distance from the outbreak of infection, ozone pollution and public health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: the HOPE method
Authors: Tripepi Giovanni , Plebani Mario , Iervasi Giorgio , Gori Mercedes , Leonardis Daniela , D’Arrigo Graziella , Fusaro Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Italy was the second country in the world, after China, to be hit by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Italy’s experience teaches that steps to limit people’s movement by imposing ‘red zones’ need to be put in place early by carefully identifying the cities to be included within these areas of quarantine. The assessment of the relationship between the distance from an established outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection with transmission-linked cases and mortality observed in other sites could provide useful information to identify the optimal radius of red zones.

Methods
We investigated the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 cases and the distance of each Italian province from the first outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy (the city of Lodi placed in the Lombardia region). In 38 provinces of Lombardia and neighboring regions, we performed a breakpoint analysis to identify the radius of the red zone around Lodi minimizing epidemic spread and mortality in neighboring cities.

Results
In all Italian provinces, a non-linear relationship was found between SARS-CoV-2 cases and distance from Lodi. In an analysis including the provinces of Lombardia and neighboring regions, SARS-CoV-2 cases and mortality increased when the distance from Lodi reduced below 92 and 140 km, respectively, and such relationships were amplified by ozone (O3) pollution.

Conclusions
The breakpoint analysis identifies the radius around the outbreak of Lodi minimizing the public health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 in neighboring cities. Such an approach can be useful to identify the red zones in future epidemics due to highly infective pathogens similar to SARS-CoV-2.