bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Mucosal maps” of the canine nasal cavity: Micro‐computed tomography and histology
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Craven Brent A. , Engel Serena M. , Van Valkenburgh Blaire , DeLeon Valerie B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNasal turbinals, delicate and complex bones of the nasal cavity that support respiratory or olfactory mucosa (OM), are now easily studied using high resolution micro‐computed tomography (μ‐CT). Standard μ‐CT currently lacks the capacity to identify OM or other mucosa types without additional radio‐opaque staining techniques. However, even unstained mucosa is more radio‐opaque than air, and thus mucosal thickness can be discerned. Here, we assess mucosal thickness of the nasal fossa using the cranium of a cadaveric adult dog that was μ‐CT scanned with an isotropic resolution of 30 μm, and subsequently histologically sectioned and stained. After co‐alignment of μ‐CT slice planes to that of histology, mucosal thickness was estimated at four locations. Results based on either μ‐CT or histology indicate olfactory mucosa is thicker on average compared with non‐olfactory mucosa (non‐OM). In addition, olfactory mucosa has a lesser degree of variability than the non‐OM. Variability in the latter appears to relate mostly to the varying degree of vascularity of the lamina propria. Because of this, in structures with both specialized vascular respiratory mucosa and OM, such as the first ethmoturbinal (ET I), the range of thickness of OM and non‐OM may overlap. Future work should assess the utility of diffusible iodine‐based contrast enhanced CT techniques, which can differentiate epithelium from the lamina propria, to enhance our ability to differentiate mucosa types on more rostral ethmoturbinals. This is especially critical for structures such as ET I, which have mixed functional roles in many mammals.
1,2,3‐Triazole hybrids with anti‐HIV‐1 activity
Authors: Feng Lian‐Shun , Zheng Man‐Jie , Zhao Feng , Liu Duan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) is the major etiological agent responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a serious infectious disease and remains one of the most prevalent problems at present. Currently, combined antiretroviral therapy is the primary modality for the treatment and management of HIV/AIDS, but the long‐term use can result in major drawbacks such as the development of multidrug‐resistant viruses and multiple side effects. 1,2,3‐Triazole is the common framework in the development of new drugs, and its derivatives have the potential to inhibit various HIV‐1 enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease, consequently possessing a potential anti‐HIV‐1 activity. This review covers the recent advances regarding the 1,2,3‐triazole hybrids with potential anti‐HIV‐1 activity; it focuses on the chemical structures, structure–activity relationship, and mechanisms of action, covering articles published from 2010 to 2020.
3D Graphene‐Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Supported Coupled Co‐MnO Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chaoqi , Kong Fantao , Qiao Yu , Zhao Qingbiao , Kong Aiguo , Shan Yongkui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of high‐efficiency and low‐cost catalysts is one of the core and important issues to improve the efficiency of electrochemical reactions on electrodes, and it is also the goal we ultimately pursue in the commercialization of large‐scale clean energy technologies, such as metal‐air batteries. Herein, a nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide (GO)‐carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid network supported coupled Co/MnO nanoparticles (Co/MnO@N−C) catalyst was prepared with a hydrothermal‐pyrolysis method. The unique three‐dimensional network structure of substrate allowed for the uniform dispersion of Co−MnO nanoparticles in the carbon skeleton. These characters enable the Co/MnO@N−C to possess the excellent bifunctional electrocatalysts. In alkaline electrolyte, the Co/MnO@N−C presents the outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance comparable to the commercial RuO2 catalyst and the exceedingly good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with positive half‐wave potential of 0.90 V vs. RHE outperforming commercial Pt/C (0.84 V vs. RHE) and the recently reported analogous electrocatalysts. When it is applied to homemade Zn‐air batteries, such a non‐noble metal electrocatalyst can deliver a better power density, specific capacity and cycling stability than mixed Pt/C and RuO2 catalyst, and exhibits a wide application prospect and great practical value.
Robust H∞ control of uncertain impulsive switched systems
Authors: Li Chunyang , Jiang Junchao , Lian Jie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper considers robust H∞ control of impulsive switched systems with time‐varying uncertainties and nonlinear impulsive increments. The impulses are not required to synchronize the switching. Instead, the impulse sequences follow an average impulsive interval assumption, in which the restriction on common lower (or upper) bound of two consecutive impulses is dropped. By using the multiple Lyapunov function and average dwell time method, even with high impulse frequency, the robust H∞ control performance can still be guaranteed under some sufficient conditions. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed results is demonstrated by a numerical example.
A Multimodal Study of the Contributions of Conduction Velocity to the Auditory Evoked Neuromagnetic Response: Anomalies in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Roberts Timothy P. L. , Bloy Luke , Ku Matt , Blaskey Lisa , Jackel Carissa R. , Edgar James Christopher , Berman Jeffrey I. 
Published: September 2020

This multimodal imaging study used magnetoencephalography, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to identify and contrast the multiple physiological mechanisms associated with auditory processing efficiency in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Efficient transmission of auditory input between the ear and auditory cortex is necessary for rapid encoding of auditory sensory information. It was hypothesized that the M50 auditory evoked response latency would be modulated by white matter microstructure (indexed by diffusion MRI) and by tonic inhibition (indexed by GABA MRS). Participants were 77 children diagnosed with ASD and 40 TD controls aged 7–17 years. A model of M50 latency with auditory radiation fractional anisotropy and age as independent variables was able to predict 52% of M50 latency variance in TD children, but only 12% of variance in ASD. The ASD group exhibited altered patterns of M50 latency modulation characterized by both higher variance and deviation from the expected structure–function relationship established with the TD group. The TD M50 latency model was used to identify a subpopulation of ASD who are significant “outliers” to the TD model. The ASD outlier group exhibited unexpectedly long M50 latencies in conjunction with significantly lower GABA levels. These findings indicate the dependence of electrophysiologic sensory response latency on underlying microstructure (white matter) and neurochemistry (synaptic activity). This study demonstrates the use of biologically based measures to stratify ASD according to their brain‐level “building blocks” as an alternative to their behavioral phenotype.Lay SummaryChildren with ASD often have a slower brain response when hearing sounds. This study used multiple brain imaging techniques to examine the structural and neurochemical factors which control the brain's response time to auditory tones in children with ASD and TD children. The relationship between brain imaging measures and brain response time was also used to identify ASD subgroups. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1730–1745. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Immobilization of recombinant lysostaphin on nanoparticle through biotin–streptavidin conjugation technology as a geometrical progressed confrontation against Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Ehsani Gelareh , Farahnak Maryam , Norouzian Dariush , Ehsani Parastoo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntibiotic resistance and the colonization of resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus on surfaces, often in the form of biofilms, prolong hospitalization periods and increase mortality, thus is a significant concern for healthcare providers. To prevent biofilm formation, the inadequate concentration of using nanoparticles as antibacterial coating agents is one of the major obstacles. This study aimed to design a hypervalency TiO2 nanocomposite as a reserved base to carry a high amount of active antibacterial agents such as lysostaphin via a biotin–streptavidin–biotin bridge. The utilization of the streptavidin–biotin system could increase the abundance of lysostaphin. Lysostaphin was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Both recombinant lysostaphin and titanium oxide nanocomposite were conjugated with biotin and linked to a streptavidin bridge. The kinetics and activity of the enzyme were examined after each step utilizing N‐acetylhexaglycine as a substrate. Physical characteristics of nanoparticles containing lysostaphin were determined using AFM, SEM, FTIR, and zeta potential. The results showed changes in size, charge, and morphology of the nanoparticles following the lysostaphin attachment. Also, the stability and kinetics of the active biological enzymes on nanoparticles were reexamined following 8 months of storage. Exploiting this approach, various biotinylated antibacterial agents could be prepared and rapidly immobilized on a nanoparticle as an active net against related infectious agents.
Prehabilitation in elective abdominal cancer surgery in older patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Daniels S L , Lee M J , George J , Kerr K , Moug S , Wilson T R , Brown S R , Wyld L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Prehabilitation has emerged as a strategy to prepare patients for elective abdominal cancer surgery with documented improvements in postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence for prehabilitation interventions of relevance to the older adult.

Methods
Systematic searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and PsychINFO. Studies of preoperative intervention (prehabilitation) in patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery reporting postoperative outcomes were included. Age limits were not set as preliminary searches revealed this would be too restrictive. Articles were screened and selected based on PRISMA guidelines, and assessment of bias was performed. Qualitative, quantitative and meta-analyses of data were conducted as appropriate.

Results
Thirty-three studies (3962 patients) were included. Interventions included exercise, nutrition, psychological input, comprehensive geriatric assessment and optimization, smoking cessation and multimodal (two or more interventions). Nine studies purposely selected high-risk, frail or older patients. Thirty studies were at moderate or high risk of bias. Ten studies individually reported benefits in complication rates, with meta-analyses for overall complications demonstrating significant benefit: multimodal (risk difference −0·1 (95 per cent c.i. −0·18 to −0·02); P = 0·01, I2 = 18 per cent) and nutrition (risk difference −0·18 (−0·26 to −0·10); P &lt; 0·001, I2 = 0 per cent). Seven studies reported reductions in length of hospital stay, with no differences on meta-analysis.

Conclusion
The conclusions of this review are limited by the quality of the included studies, and the heterogeneity of interventions and outcome measures reported. Exercise, nutritional and multimodal prehabilitation may reduce morbidity after abdominal surgery, but data specific to older patients are sparse.
C-reactive protein : albumin ratio in patients with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto T , Itoh S , Yoshizumi T , Kurihara T , Yoshiya S , Mano Y , Takeishi K , Harada N , Ikegami T , Soejima Y , Baba H , Mori M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The C-reactive protein : albumin ratio (CAR) has been reported as a novel prognostic marker in several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of CAR in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods
This was a single-centre retrospective study of patients who underwent surgery for ICC in a university hospital in Japan between 1998 and 2018. CAR, Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and modified GPS (mGPS) were calculated. Their correlation with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was analysed with Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Seventy-two patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the optimal CAR cut-off value of 0·02. CAR above 0·02 was associated with higher carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels (20·5 versus 66·1 units/ml for CAR of 0·02 or less; P = 0·002), larger tumour size (3·2 versus 4·4 cm respectively; P = 0·031) and a higher rate of microvascular invasion (9 of 28 versus 25 of 44; P = 0·041). RFS and OS were shorter in patients with CAR above 0·02: hazard ratio (HR) 4·31 (95 per cent c.i. 2·02 to 10·63) and HR 4·80 (1·85 to 16·40) respectively. In multivariable analysis CAR above 0·02 was an independent prognostic factor of RFS (HR 3·29 (1·33 to 8·12); P &lt; 0·001), but not OS.

Conclusions
CAR was associated with prognosis in patients who had hepatic resection for ICC.
Effects of Acetogenins from Annona coriacea on the in Vitro Reactions of Photosynthesis
Authors: Pasqualotto Severino Vanessa Gisele , Souza Simão Jorge Luiz , Moraes Junqueira João Gabriel , Calheiros de Carvalho Ana , King‐Díaz Beatriz , Lotina‐Hennsen Blas , Terezan Ana Paula , Moura Veiga Thiago André 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOur search for candidates for photosynthesis inhibitors is allowing us to report the effect of two acetogenins identified in Annona coriacea Mart. leaves, ACG−A and ACG−B, a non‐adjacent bis‐THF and a mono‐THF types, respectively. This is an important class of natural products which presents biological properties such as anticancer, neurotoxic, larvicidal and insecticidal. However, this is only the second report associated to its herbicidal activity. Their mechanisms of action on the light reactions of the photosynthesis were elucidated by polarographic techniques. Compounds inhibited the noncyclic electron transport on basal, phosphorylating, and uncoupled conditions from H2O to methyl viologen (MV); therefore, they act as Hill reaction inhibitors. Studies on fluorescence of chlorophyll a (ChL a) indicated that they inhibited the acceptor side of PSII between P680 and PQ‐pool, exactly as the commercial herbicide DCMU does.
Recent Development of Porous Porphyrin‐based Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis
Authors: Jin Lin , Lv Shibo , Miao Yuyang , Liu Dapeng , Song Fengling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPorphyrins and their derivatives are abundant in nature and play an important role in plant photosynthesis. To mimic the photosynthetic reactions in plants, researchers have developed numerous porphyrin‐based nanomaterials to convert light into chemical energy. And the porous porphyrin‐based nanomaterials attract great interest in photocatalysis owing to their high surface areas, designable structure, and favorable photocatalytic behavior. In this review, we highlight the recent progress of porous porphyrin‐based nanomaterials for photocatalysis. We offer a structured description of the main classes of the porous porphyrin‐based nanomaterials which consist of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs), amorphous porous organic polymers (APOPs), and hydrogen bonding‐organic frameworks (HOFs). Strategies to improve their photocatalytic behavior in respect of how to boost the photoexcited electron‐hole separation and increase the accessible active sites are mainly highlighted. At last, the prospects and challenges of porous porphyrin‐based nanomaterials for photocatalysis are also discussed.
Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Derived Porous Carbon Embedded with TiO2 Nanoparticles as a Cathode for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Qi Chu , Li Huilan , Wang Jia , Zhao Chengcheng , Fu Cuimei , Wang Lina , Liu Tianxi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe undesired internal shuttling of soluble polysulfide intermediates (Li2Sn, 2<n≤8) remains the primary challenge hindering the development of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Engineering and functionalizing the cathode structure to trap Li2Sn is a straightforward approach to address this issue. Metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived materials are applausive candidate host materials of sulfur, owing to the highly porous characteristic. In this work, a Ti−MOF‐derived micro‐sized cake‐like carbon skeleton with in situ generated hierarchical pores and anatase TiO2 crystalline grains is applied as an effective sulfur host in Li−S batteries. In this rational design, the pyrolytic porous carbon provides fast ion diffusion and physical confinement of polysulfides. The polar TiO2 affords abundant anchoring sites to achieve chemical encapsulation of sulfur species and accelerate polysulfide conversion kinetics. Benefiting from the fast reaction kinetics, the hybrid sulfur cathode delivers an elevated cycling performance with a capacity decay of only 0.39 % per cycle at 0.5 C (1 C=1675 mA g−1) over 100 cycles. In addition, an improved rate capability of 620 mAh g−1 at 2 °C is obtained. This work affords a facile method to design optimized cathodes towards advanced Li−S batteries.
Investor confidence: Are you your own worst enemy?
Authors: Asaad Colleen Tokar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAre overconfident investors more apt to make risky choices, which could erode investor returns? With confidence levels that exceed knowledge levels, investors may unknowingly expose themselves to risk. This paper shows that in terms of investing, overconfidence is associated with increased optimism as well as additional risk‐taking through focused investment strategies. Specifically, overconfident individuals are more likely to be overoptimistic about their individual performance as well as overall market performance; more likely to have confidence in market regulations; less likely to seek the advice of an adviser; more likely to trade on margin; more likely to trade commodities, futures, and options; and more likely to have whole life insurance. Overconfidence may help explain why investorreturns are consistently lower than investmentreturns. These findings are particularly relevant for financial advisers, as they serve the important role of providing feedback and sharing in the decision process.
Blue turns white – Chemistry's Contribution to Sustainable Lighting Using the Example of a LED‐Phosphor
Authors: Diekemper Dominik , Schnick Wolfgang , Schwarzer Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie Chemie leistet einen wesentlichen Beitrag zu einer nachhaltigen, energiesparenden Beleuchtung durch die Entwicklung energieeffizienter und anwenderfreundlicher Leuchtstoffe in LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). So wären ohne die Entwicklung moderner Leuchtstoffe weißes und warmweißes Licht durch LED‐Leuchtmittel in unserem Alltag nicht möglich. Im Rahmen des hier vorgestellten Experiments wird der wichtige LED‐Leuchtstoff Yttrium‐Aluminium‐Granat dotiert mit Cer (Y3Al5O12 : Ce3+, YAG : Ce3+) hergestellt. Die schülergerechte und schulgeeignete Synthese erfolgt in unter einer Minute in einer Haushaltsmikrowelle. Anschließend können die farbkonvertierenden Eigenschaften durch Auftragen des selbst hergestellten Leuchtstoffes auf eine blaue LED direkt nachvollzogen werden.
Red Emissive Carbon Dots Prepared from Polymers as an Efficient Nanocarrier for Coptisine Delivery in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Ren Wei , Nan Fuchun , Li Shumu , Yang Sijin , Ge Jiechao , Zhao Zhenwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNegatively charged fluorescent carbon dots (CDs, Em=608 nm) were hydrothermally prepared from thiophene phenylpropionic acid polymers and then successfully loaded with the positively charged anticancer cargo coptisine, which suffers from poor bioavailability. The formed CD‐coptisine complexes were thoroughly characterized by particle size, morphology, drug loading efficiency, drug release, cellular uptake and cellular toxicity in vitro and antitumor activities in vivo. In this nano‐carrier system, red emissive CDs possess multiple advantages as follows: 1) high drug loading efficiency (>96 %); 2) sustained drug release; 3) enhanced drug efficacy towards cancer cells; 4) EPR effect; 5) drug release tracing with near‐infrared imaging. These properties indicated that red emissive CDs prepared from polymers could be used as a novel drug delivery system with integrated therapeutic and imaging functions in cancer therapy, which are expected to have great potential in future clinical applications.
NMR Spectroscopy of Large Functional RNAs: From Sample Preparation to Low‐Gamma Detection
Authors: Schnieders Robbin , Knezic Bozana , Zetzsche Heidi , Sudakov Alexey , Matzel Tobias , Richter Christian , Hengesbach Martin , Schwalbe Harald , Fürtig Boris 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNMR spectroscopy is a potent method for the structural and biophysical characterization of RNAs. The application of NMR spectroscopy is restricted in RNA size and most often requires isotope‐labeled or even selectively labeled RNAs. Additionally, new NMR pulse sequences, such as the heteronuclear‐detected NMR experiments, are introduced. We herein provide detailed protocols for the preparation of isotope‐labeled RNA for NMR spectroscopy via in vitro transcription. This protocol covers all steps, from the preparation of DNA template to the transcription of milligram RNA quantities. Moreover, we present a protocol for a chemo‐enzymatic approach to introduce a single modified nucleotide at any position of any RNA. Regarding NMR methodology, we share protocols for the implementation of a suite of heteronuclear‐detected NMR experiments including 13C‐detected experiments for ribose assignment and amino groups, the CN‐spin filter heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) for imino groups and the 15N‐detected band‐selective excitation short transient transverse‐relaxation‐optimized spectroscopy (BEST‐TROSY) experiment. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of isotope‐labeled RNA samples with in vitro transcription using T7 RNAP, DEAE chromatography, and RP‐HPLC purificationAlternate Protocol 1: Purification of isotope‐labeled RNA from in vitro transcription with preparative PAGEAlternate Protocol 2: Purification of isotope‐labeled RNA samples from in vitro transcription via centrifugal concentrationSupport Protocol 1: Preparation of DNA template from plasmidSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of PCR DNA as templateSupport Protocol 3: Preparation of T7 RNA Polymerase (T7 RNAP)Support Protocol 4: Preparation of yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase (YIPP)Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of site‐specific labeled RNAs using a chemo‐enzymatic synthesisSupport Protocol 5: Synthesis of modified nucleoside 3′,5′‐bisphosphatesSupport Protocol 6: Preparation of T4 RNA Ligase 2Support Protocol 7: Setup of NMR spectrometer for heteronuclear‐detected NMR experimentsSupport Protocol 8: IPAP and DIPAP for homonuclear decouplingBasic Protocol 3: 13C‐detected 3D (H)CC‐TOCSY, (H)CPC, and (H)CPC‐CCH‐TOCSY experiments for ribose assignmentBasic Protocol 4: 13C‐detected 2D CN‐spin filter HSQC experimentBasic Protocol 5: 13C‐detected C(N)H‐HDQC experiment for the detection of amino groupsSupport Protocol 9: 13C‐detected CN‐HSQC experiment for amino groupsBasic Protocol 6: 13C‐detected “amino”‐NOESY experimentBasic Protocol 7: 15N‐detected BEST‐TROSY experiment