bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the utilisation of emergency urological services
Authors: Madanelo Mariana , Ferreira Carlos , Nunes‐Carneiro Diogo , Pinto André , Rocha Maria Alexandra , Correia Jorge , Teixeira Bernardo , Mendes Gonçalo , Tavares Catarina , Mesquita Sofia , Fraga Avelino 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the number of patients attending the Urology Emergency Department (ED) of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), as well as their demographic characteristics, the reasons for admission, the clinical severity under the Manchester triage system (MTS), and the need for emergency surgery or hospitalisation, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and the equivalent period in 2019.Patients and methodsData were collected from patients attending the Urology ED of the CHUP over 3 weeks, from 11 March to 1 April 2020, and from the same period in the previous year (from 11 March to 1 April 2019).ResultsDuring the pandemic, 46.4% fewer patients visited our urological ED (122 vs 263). There was no significant difference in the mean age or the number of old patients (aged ≥65 years) between the two periods. However, significantly fewer female patients sought emergency urological services during the COVID‐19 pandemic period (32.7% vs 14.8%, P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted between different clinical severity groups under the MTS. In 2019, significantly less patients required hospitalisation. The most common reasons for admission, during both periods, were haematuria, renal colic and urinary tract infections. The authors recognise that the study has several limitations, namely, those inherent to its retrospective nature.ConclusionCOVID‐19 significantly influenced people’s urological care‐seeking behaviour. Understanding the present situation is helpful for predicting future urological needs. Based on the results of this study, we have reason to speculate that people’s requirements for urological services might grow explosively in the post‐COVID‐19 period. There should be further studies about the real state of long‐term urological services and the consequences that this pandemic may have in terms of morbimortality not directly related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Signatures of tectonic‐climatic interaction during the Late Cenozoic orogenesis along the northern Chinese Tian Shan
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Zhang Huiping , Lv Honghua , Lü Yuanyuan , Li Xuemei , Liu Kang , Zhang Jiawei , Xiong Jianguo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Chinese Tian Shan is one of the most actively growing orogenic ranges in Central Asia. The Late Miocene‐Quaternary landscape evolution of northern Tian Shan has been significantly driven by the interaction between tectonic deformations and climate change, further modulated by the erosion of the upstream bedrocks and deposition into the downstream basins. In this study, only the accessible Kuitun River drainage basin in northern Tian Shan was considered, and detrital zircon geochronology and heavy minerals were analyzed to investigate the signature of the driving forces for Miocene sedimentation in northern Tian Shan. This study first confirmed a previously recognized tectonic uplift at ca. 7.0 Ma and further revealed that the basin sediments were mainly derived from the present glacier‐covered ridge‐crest regions during 3.3–2.5 Ma. It is suggested Late‐Pliocene to Early Pleistocene sedimentation was likely a response to the onset of the northern hemispheric glaciation. Although complicated, this study highlights that the tectonic‐climatic interaction during the Late Cenozoic orogenesis can be discriminated in the northern Chinese Tian Shan.
Oncological outcomes of a multicenter cohort treated with axitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Osawa Takahiro , Kojima Takahiro , Hara Tomohiko , Sugimoto Mikio , Eto Masatoshi , Takeuchi Ario , Minami Keita , Nakai Yasutomo , Ueda Kosuke , Ozawa Michinobu , Uemura Motohide , Miyauchi Yasuyuki , Ohba Kojiro , Suzuki Toshiro , Anai Satoshi , Shindo Tetsuya , Kusakabe Naohisa , Tamura Keita , Komiyama Motokiyo , Goto Takayuki , Yokomizo Akira , Kohei Naoki , Kashiwagi Akira , Murakami Masaya , Sazuka Tomokazu , Yasumoto Hiroaki , Iwamoto Hideto , Mitsuzuka Koji , Morooka Daichi , Shimazui Toru , Yamamoto Yoshiaki , Ikeshiro Suguru , Nakagomi Hiroshi , Morita Ken , Tomida Ryotaro , Mochizuki Tango , Inoue Takamitsu , Kitamura Hiroshi , Yamada Shuhei , Ito Yoichi M. , Murai Sachiyo , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Shinohara Nobuo ,   the Japanese Urological Oncology Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the real‐world use of axitinib and to develop a prognostic model for stratifying patients who could derive long‐term benefit from axitinib. This was a retrospective, descriptive study evaluating the efficacy of axitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma that had been treated with 1 or 2 systemic antiangiogenic therapy regimens at 1 of 36 hospitals belonging to the Japan Urologic Oncology Group between January 2012 and February 2019. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Using a split‐sample method, candidate variables that exhibited significant relationships with OS were chosen to create a model. The new model was validated using the rest of the cohort. In total, 485 patients were enrolled. The median OS was 34 months in the entire study population, whereas it was not reached, 27 months, and 14 months in the favorable, intermediate, and poor risk groups, respectively, according to the new risk classification model. The following 4 variables were included in the final risk model: the disease stage at diagnosis, number of metastatic sites at the start of axitinib therapy, serum albumin level, and neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio. The adjusted area under the curve values of the new model at 12, 36, and 60 months were 0.77, 0.82, and 0.82, respectively. The efficacy of axitinib in routine practice is comparable or even superior to that reported previously. The patients in the new model’s favorable risk group might derive a long‐term survival benefit from axitinib treatment.
Utility of adrenocorticotropic hormone in adrenal vein sampling despite the occurrence of discordant lateralization
Authors: Chee Nicholas Y. N. , Abdul‐Wahab Azni , Libianto Renata , Gwini Stella May , Doery James C. G. , Choy Kay Weng , Chong Winston , Lau Kenneth K. , Lam Que , MacIsaac Richard J. , Chiang Cherie , Shen Jimmy , Young Morag J. , Fuller Peter J. , Yang Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdrenal vein sampling (AVS) is crucial for accurate lateralization of aldosterone excess but it is technically challenging due to the difficulty of adrenal vein cannulation. The use of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to improve cannulation success is controversial and can lead to discordant lateralization outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of ACTH in two centres with different levels of AVS expertise and formulate a strategy for interpreting discordant results.DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of AVS results and postoperative patient outcomes.SettingTwo large tertiary hospitals with harmonized AVS protocols where adrenal venous samples are collected both before and after ACTH stimulation.MeasurementsCannulation success (measured by selectivity index, SI), lateralization (measured by lateralization index, LI) and postoperative biochemical cure.ResultsNumber of AVS procedures judged to have successful bilateral adrenal vein cannulation increased from 53% pre‐ to 73% post‐ACTH. The increase in cannulation success was significantly higher in centre where AVS was performed by multiple radiologists with a lower basal success rate. In both centres, the proportion of cases deemed to display lateralization significantly decreased with the use of ACTH (70% pre‐ to 52% post‐ACTH). Based on postoperative outcomes of patients with discordant results who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy, the combination of LI >3 pre‐ACTH and LI >2 post‐ACTH was predictive of a biochemical cure.ConclusionAdrenocorticotropic hormone can increase the rate of cannulation success during AVS at the expense of reduced lateralization. The criteria for lateralization should be carefully determined based on local data when ACTH is used.
A case of multiple sclerosis with negatively converted anti‐natalizumab antibodies
Authors: Miyamoto Katsuichi , Kusunoki Susumu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic effect of natalizumab, a disease‐modifying drug for multiple sclerosis (MS), may be decreased in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. In particular, if the neutralizing antibody is persistently positive, the treatment must be stopped. We experienced a case in which anti‐natalizumab antibodies were persistently positive but then negatively reversed during the course of treatment.Case presentationThe case is a 38‐year‐old female MS patient. After three attacks of MS, she was treated with dimethyl fumarate, but the relapse continued. Anti‐JC virus titer of her serum was more than 2.5, but she selected to treatment with natalizumab. At her initial treatment, she had allergic symptoms and was found to be positive for anti‐natalizumab antibodies. In the second treatment, she received an infusion after taking antiallergic drugs, after which her allergic symptoms reduced. Thereafter, she received natalizumab treatment in the same manner. Two months later, reexamination of the anti‐natalizumab antibodies was persistently positive. However, she decided to continue natalizumab because there were no recurrences. Two years after the start of natalizumab treatment, the anti‐natalizumab antibodies were found to be negatively inversed. Because anti‐JC virus antibody remained elevated, she decided to continue the treatment with natalizumab by dosing intervals every 6 weeks. Thereafter, no recurrence was observed.ConclusionsEven if the neutralizing antibodies against natalizumab are positive, treatment continuation may be considered if the therapeutic effect is certain and the side effects are within the allowable range.
The Anticipated Mosque: The Political Affect of a Planned Building
Authors: Verkaaik Oskar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe construction of new, purpose‐built mosques in Europe often stirs a number of controversies. This paper looks at one such project: a new mosque building in Almere, a town near Amsterdam. It focuses on two kinds of controversies: discussions between various kinds of mosque committee members about aesthetic preferences and how they relate to members’ views about Islam in Europe, and neighborhood protests against the new mosque. Although the latter kind of conflicts have attracted some scholarly attention, most of this work treats these conflicts as discursive controversies and gives little attention to the material form. On the other hand, there is a new kind of literature on creativity and architectural design that emphasizes material processes but fails to analyze how these processes are related to larger political issues. By focusing on the temporal aspects of material processes, particularly the attention to form, I seek to merge these two approaches in order to analyze the mosque controversies as at once material and political.
Free Riding Rio: Protest, Public Transport and the Politics of a Footboard
Authors: Kemmer Laura 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article explores the political quality of relations between residents and urban materiality. Against a background of mass protests against transit fare increases in major Brazilian cities, and the violent infrastructural transformations of post‐Olympic Rio de Janeiro, I show how the four‐year suspension of a central city tramline has led to the emergence of new forms of urban collectivity. My case study concentrates on the tramway’s function as “free riding” device, which allows residents to jump on and off the footboard without having to pay for the journey. I draw on filmed accounts of footboard‐riding to examine how embodied relations to urban matter have induced claims for alternative ways of organizing public transport and access to the city. By combining approaches to assemblage, micropolitics and affect, I argue that residents’ attachments to the tramway and its latest technological changes generate ambiguous political mobilizations, ranging from revolutionary to reactionary.
Myths and assumptions about human‐wildlife conflict and coexistence
Authors: Treves Adrian , Santiago‐Ávila Francisco J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent extinctions often resulted from humans retaliating against wildlife that threatened people's interests or were perceived to threaten current or future interests. Today's subfield of human‐wildlife conflict and coexistence (HWCC) grew out of an original anthropocentric concern with such real or perceived threats and then, starting in the mid‐1990s, with protecting valued species from people. Recent work in ethics and law has shifted priorities toward coexistence between people and wild animals. To spur scientific progress and more effective practice, we examined 4 widespread assumptions about HWCC that need to be tested rigorously: scientists are neutral and objective about HWCC; current participatory, consensus‐based decisions provide just and fair means to overcome challenges in HWCC; wildlife threats to human interests are getting worse; and wildlife damage to human interests is additive to other sources of damage. The first 2 assumptions are clearly testable, but if they are entangled can become a wicked problem and may need debunking as myths if they cannot be disentangled. Some assumptions have seldom or never been tested and those that have been tested appear dubious, yet the use of the assumptions continues in the practice and scholarship of HWCC. We call for tests of assumptions and debunking of myths in the scholarship of HWCC. Adherence to the principles of scientific integrity and application of standards of evidence can help advance our call. We also call for practitioners and interest groups to improve the constitutive process prior to decision making about wildlife. We predict these steps will hasten scientific progress toward evidence‐based interventions and improve the fairness, ethics, and legality of coexistence strategies.
The place of nature in conservation conflicts
Authors: Chapron Guillaume , López‐Bao José Vicente 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConservation conflicts are gaining importance in contemporary conservation scholarship such that conservation may have entered a conflict hype. We attempted to uncover and deconstruct the normative assumptions behind such studies by raising several questions: what are conservation conflicts, what justifies the attention they receive, do conservation‐conflict studies limit wildlife conservation, is scientific knowledge stacked against wildlife in conservation conflicts, do conservation‐conflict studies adopt a specific view of democracy, can laws be used to force conservation outcomes, why is flexibility needed in managing conservation conflicts, can conservation conflicts be managed by promoting tolerance, and who needs to compromise in conservation conflicts? We suggest that many of the intellectual premises in the field may defang conservation and prevent it from truly addressing the current conservation crisis as it accelerates. By framing conservation conflicts as conflicts between people about wildlife or nature, the field insidiously transfers guilt, whereby human activities are no longer blamed for causing species decline and extinctions but conservation is instead blamed for causing social conflicts. When the focus is on mitigating social conflicts without limiting in any powerful way human activities damaging to nature, conservation‐conflict studies risk keeping conservation within the limits of human activities, instead of keeping human activities within the limits of nature. For conservation to successfully stop the biodiversity crisis, we suggest the alternative goal of recognizing nature's right to existence to maintenance of ecological functions and evolutionary processes. Nature being a rights bearer or legal person would imply its needs must be explicitly taken into account in conflict adjudication. If, even in conservation, nature's interests come second to human interests, it may be no surprise that conservation cannot succeed.
Human–wildlife coexistence in a changing world
Authors: König Hannes J. , Kiffner Christian , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Fürst Christine , Keuling Oliver , Ford Adam T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflict (HWC) is a key topic in conservation and agricultural research. Decision makers need evidence‐based information to design sustainable management plans and policy instruments. However, providing objective decision support can be challenging because realities and perceptions of human–wildlife interactions vary widely between and within rural, urban, and peri‐urban areas. Land users who incur costs through wildlife argue that wildlife‐related losses should be compensated and that prevention should be subsidized. Supporters of human–wildlife coexistence policies, such as urban‐dwelling people, may not face threats to their livelihoods from wildlife. Such spatial heterogeneity in the cost and benefits of living with wildlife is germane in most contemporary societies. This Special Section features contributions on wildlife‐induced damages that range from human perspectives (land use, psychology, governance, local attitudes and perceptions, costs and benefits, and HWC and coexistence theory) to ecological perspectives (animal behavior). Building on current literature and articles in this section, we developed a conceptual model to help frame HWC and coexistence dimensions. The framework can be used to determine damage prevention implementation levels and approaches to HWC resolution. Our synthesis revealed that inter‐ and transdisciplinary approaches and multilevel governance approaches can help stakeholders and institutions implement sustainable management strategies that promote human–wildlife coexistence.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Exposure‐Response of Lanadelumab for Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: Wang Yi , Marier Jean-Francois , Kassir Nastya , Chang Colin , Martin Patrick 
Published: May 2020

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1 inhibitor deficiency is a rare disorder characterized by unpredictable, potentially life‐threatening recurrent angioedema attacks. Lanadelumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody with selective binding to active plasma kallikrein, and prevents the formation of cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (cHMWK) and bradykinin, thereby preventing HAE attacks. The clinical pharmacology of lanadelumab was characterized following subcutaneous administration in 257 subjects (24 healthy subjects and 233 patients with HAE). The pharmacokinetics of lanadelumab were described using a one‐compartment model with first‐order rate of absorption and linear clearance, showing slow absorption and a long half‐life (14.8 days). A covariate analysis retained body weight and health status on apparent clearance (CL/F) and body weight on volume of distribution (V/F). Population estimates of CL/F and V/F were 0.0249 L/hour (0.586 L/day) and 12.8 L, respectively. An indirect‐response Imax model showed 53.7% maximum suppression in cHMWK formation with a low potential for interactions with concomitant medications (analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, and antirheumatic medications). A 300 mg dose administered Q2W was associated with a mean steady‐state minimum concentration (Cmin,ss; 25.4 μg/mL) that was ~ 4.5‐fold higher than the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration for cHMWK reduction (5.71 μg/mL). Exposure‐response analyses suggest that 300 mg Q2W dosing was associated with a significantly reduced HAE attack rate, prolonged time to first attack after treatment initiation, and lower need for concomitant medications. The response was comparable across patient body weight groups. Findings from this analysis support the dosing rationale for lanadelumab to prevent attacks in patients with HAE.
The regulatory landscape of the Dlx gene system in branchial arches: Shared characteristics among Dlx bigene clusters and evolution
Authors: Sumiyama Kenta , Tanave Akira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mammalian Dlx genes encode homeobox‐type transcription factors and are physically organized as convergent bigene clusters. The paired Dlx genes share tissue specificity in the expression profile. Genetic regulatory mechanisms, such as intergenic enhancer sharing between paired Dlx genes, have been proposed to explain this conservation of bigene structure. All mammalian Dlx genes have expression and function in developing craniofacial structures, especially in the first and second pharyngeal arches (branchial arches). Each Dlx cluster (Dlx1/2, Dlx3/4, and Dlx5/6) has overlapping, nested expression in the branchial arches which is called the “Dlx code” and plays a key role in organizing craniofacial structure and evolution. Here we summarize cis‐regulatory studies on branchial arch expression of the three Dlx bigene clusters and show some shared characteristics among the clusters, including cis‐regulatory motifs, TAD (Topologically Associating Domain) boundaries, CTCF loops, and distal enhancer landscapes, together with a molecular condensate model for activation of the Dlx bigene cluster.
Efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone versus sitagliptin as an add‐on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes with two or more components of metabolic syndrome over 24 weeks
Authors: Kim Sin Gon , Kim Kyoung Jin , Yoon Kun Ho , Chun Sung Wan , Park Kyong Soo , Choi Kyung Mook , Lim Soo , Mok Ji‐Oh , Lee Hyoung Woo , Seo Ji A. , Cha Bong‐Soo , Kim Mi Kyung , Shon Ho Sang , Choi Dong Seop , Kim Doo Man 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of lobeglitazone compared with sitagliptin as an add‐on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes as well as other components of metabolic syndrome. Patients inadequately controlled by metformin were randomly assigned to lobeglitazone (0.5 mg, n = 121) or sitagliptin (100 mg, n = 126) for 24 weeks. The mean changes in HbA1c of the lobeglitazone and sitagliptin groups were −0.79% and −0.86%, respectively; the between‐group difference was 0.08% (95% confidence interval, −0.14% to 0.30%), showing non‐inferiority. The proportion of patients having two or more factors of other metabolic syndrome components decreased to a greater extent in the lobeglitazone group than in the sitagliptin group (−11.9% vs. −4.8%; P < .0174). Favourable changes in the lipid metabolism were also observed with lobeglitazone, which had a similar safety profile to sitagliptin. Lobeglitazone was comparable with sitagliptin as an add‐on to metformin in terms of efficacy and safety.