bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar coronal X-ray emission and surface magnetic flux
Authors: Zhuleku J. , Warnecke J. , Peter H. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Observations show that the coronal X-ray emission of the Sun and other stars depends on the surface magnetic field.
Aims. Using power-law scaling relations between different physical parameters, we aim to build an analytical model to connect the observed X-ray emission to the surface magnetic flux.
Methods. The basis for our model are the scaling laws of Rosner, Tucker & Vaiana (RTV) that connect the temperature and pressure of a coronal loop to its length and energy input. To estimate the energy flux into the upper atmosphere, we used scalings derived for different heating mechanisms, such as field-line braiding or Alfvén wave heating. We supplemented this with observed relations between active region size and magnetic flux and derived scalings of how X-ray emissivity depends on temperature.
Results. Based on our analytical model, we find a power-law dependence of the X-ray emission on the magnetic flux, LX ∝ Φm, with a power-law index m being in the range from about one to two. This finding is consistent with a wide range of observations, from individual features on the Sun, such as bright points or active regions, to stars of different types and varying levels of activity. The power-law index m depends on the choice of the heating mechanism, and our results slightly favor the braiding and nanoflare scenarios over Alfvén wave heating. In addition, the choice of instrument will have an impact on the power-law index m because of the sensitivity of the observed wavelength region to the temperature of the coronal plasma.
Conclusions. Overall, our simple analytical model based on the RTV scaling laws gives a good representation of the observed X-ray emission. Therefore we might be able to understand stellar coronal activity though a collection of basic building blocks, like loops, which we can study in spatially resolved detail on the Sun.
Augenbewegungen
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDie äußeren Augenmuskeln sind für die Blickrichtung verantwortlich und zählen zur Skelettmuskulatur, die man willkürlich kontrollieren kann. Liegen bei der Koordination der Augenbewegungen Störungen vor, können Pathologien wie Nystagmus auftreten. Andererseits können Augenbewegungen therapeutisch genutzt werden, beispielsweise bei der EMDR.
EMDR: Heilsamer Seitenwechsel
Authors: Zimmermann Andreas 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDie EMDR-Therapie ruft belastende Gefühle und Erinnerungen wach und modifiziert diese unter taktiler, visueller oder auditiver, bilateraler Stimulation. Patientenressourcen und -erkenntnisse stehen dabei im Mittelpunkt, sowie die drei Wirkprinzipien Entkonditionierung, Aufmerksamkeitsteilung und Veränderung des synaptischen Potenzials. Im beschriebenen Fall fand die zuvor hilflose und überforderte Patientin unter der Therapie zu entscheidenden Einsichten über ihre Möglichkeiten, Ressourcen und anstehenden Lebensentscheidungen.
Die Wellen wahrnehmen
Authors: Kobusch Adriane 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAls Therapeut ist es im Kontakt mit traumatisierten Menschen Personen wichtig, sich vor sekundärer Traumatisierung und Retraumatisierung zu schützen. Dieser Schutz liegt vor allem darin, eigene Traumata psychotherapeutisch zu bearbeiten, sich Fachkenntnisse zum Thema Trauma anzueignen, seine Arbeit regelmäßig zu reflektieren (Supervision), seine Gefühle zu kennen und regulieren zu können (Achtsamkeit) sowie sich mithilfe von Imaginationsübungen zu schützen.
Subtile Resonanz
Authors: Küppers Adelheid 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDer Erfahrungsbericht demonstriert anhand eines Fallbeispiels, wie es aussehen kann, wenn in der biodynamischen Craniosacraltherapie die Systeme von Therapeut und Klient in eine Resonanz miteinander gehen. Im Fallbeispiel zeigt sich unter anderem, wie Traumata das System so überfordern können, dass im Rahmen von Flucht und Kampf mobilisierte Bewegungsimpulse erstarren und dann als Trägheit gespeichert werden. Werden dem System empathisch Raum, Halt und genügend andere tragfähige Ressourcen zur Verfügung gestellt, können sich eingefrorene Bewegungsimpulse befreien und vollziehen, sodass Heilung geschehen kann.
“Ich fühle, dass ich da bin“
Authors: Wortberg Marie 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMenschen mit Traumaerfahrungen fällt es zu Beginn einer Therapie oft schwer, sich bezüglich ihres Traumas zu öffnen, weshalb in der Therapie zunächst ein Vertrauensverhältnis geschaffen wird. Im Fall von Johanna B. haben Traumaerfahrungen aus ihrer Kindheit eine Komplexe Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (K-PTBS) mit dissoziativen Symptomen und Angststörungen ausgelöst. In der Therapie mit Patienten mit Traumaerfahrungen können Körperspürübungen, individuell gemischte spagyrische Mittel und Gemmotherapeutika die traumatherapeutische Begleitung unterstützen.
Körperspürübungen für neue Ressourcen
Authors: Wortberg Marie 
Published: July 2020

SummaryKörperspürübungen können die Selbstregulation über das vegetative Nervensystem unterstützen und neue Ressourcen schaffen. Als Therapeut ist es wichtig, Körperspürübungen zunächst an sich und vertrauten Personen zu erkunden, bevor man einen Patienten anleitet. Durch Körperspürübungen können Menschen mit Traumaerfahrungen anregende Entspannung als wichtige Erfahrung von Selbstwirksamkeit erleben.
Von tiefer Stille und flüssigem Licht
Authors: Küppers Adelheid 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDie biodynamische Craniosacraltherapie bezieht sich über die therapeutischen Techniken hinaus auf die Heilkraft der Potency, die feinstofflichen Ebenen unseres Seins, die ursprüngliche Gesundheit und deren letztendliche Quelle, die tiefe Stille – auch als dynamische Stille bezeichnet.
COVID-19: Risikofaktoren und Prävention
Authors: Droste Renate 
Published: July 2020

SummaryEinige Erkrankungen und Faktoren stehen mit einem schwereren COVID-19-Verlauf und höheren Risiko in Zusammenhang, darunter Adipositas, höheres Alter, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus und Lungenerkrankungen. Heilpraktiker können sich besonders bei Risikopersonen durch individuelle naturheilkundliche Konzepte präventiv einbringen.
Nervensystem im Notbetrieb
Authors: Wallbruch Gisela 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn schwer traumatisierenden Situationen können durch neuronale Überlastung die rechte und linke Gehirnhemisphäre dissoziativ getrennt werden, was zur Spaltung von emotionaler Verarbeitung, Kognition und Handlungsimpuls führt. Eine traumabedingte Dysfunktion des Thalamus lässt Eindrücke, Symptome und Erinnerungsfragmente ständig wieder auftauchen, einhergehend mit emotionaler Labilität, Dauererregung und selbstschädigenden Verhaltensweisen. Bei erlebter Lebensgefahr bewirken Parasympathikus und limbisches System einen Totstellreflex, während der Hippocampus seine Fähigkeit zur Informationsverarbeitung verliert und somit der Neokortex dissoziiert. Kortisolmangel verhindert die Stressunterbrechung und trägt zur Entwicklung einer Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung bei.
Nursing Monitoring of Microsurgical Free Flaps: Identifying and Addressing Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Kleban Shawna R. , Ogley Scott C. , MacDavid Joshua C. , Goldman Joshua J. , Francis Ashish , Colombini Cory J. , Baynosa Richard C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground Microsurgical free flaps require careful monitoring to detect early signs of compromise. At many hospitals, nursing staff provides the majority of postoperative monitoring of free flap patients and it lies within their responsibility to alert physicians of a failing free flap. The aim of this study is to identify knowledge gaps in the monitoring of microvascular free tissue transfer in both novice and experienced nurses and to provide appropriate education to address these gaps.Methods This was a pre- and postintervention study. An initial pilot survey was administered to identify knowledge deficiencies. A nursing educational session on free flap physiology and monitoring was then designed to address these deficiencies. An 18-question multiple choice quiz was administered before and after the educational session. Pre- and post-test scores were compared based on nursing experience. At 6 months, the participating nurses completed a survey rating their confidence with free flap patient care as a result of the educational session.Results A total of 72 nurses completed the in-service training course and quiz. The average quiz score increased from 61.9 to 89.3% after the in-service (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between precurriculum test scores and nursing experience as referenced by total number of years in the profession (r s = –0.038, p = 0.754). The follow-up survey showed that prior to the course 38% of respondents reported little or no confidence caring for free flap patients, decreasing to 6% after the course (p < 0.05).Conclusion Based on the results of this study, nursing knowledge of capillary refill, venous congestion, and basic microsurgical free flap physiology is inadequate. With implementation of a teaching in-service curriculum highlighting these key areas of deficiencies, nurses improved both their understanding and confidence levels, regardless of their level of experience.
Placenta Accreta Spectrum: In Vitro Fertilization and Non-In Vitro Fertilization and Placenta Accreta Spectrum in a Massachusetts Cohort
Authors: Modest Anna M. , Toth Thomas L. , Johnson Katherine M. , Shainker Scott A. 
Published: July 2020

Objective The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has been increasing in the United States. In addition, there has also been an increase in the utilization of in vitro fertilization (IVF). The IVF pregnancies confer an increased risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes, but there is limited data on whether IVF is associated with PAS. The aim of this study is to assess the association between IVF and the risk of PAS.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of deliveries from January 1, 2013 to August 1, 2018 at a tertiary hospital in the Massachusetts. IVF pregnancies were compared with non-IVF pregnancies, and PAS diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology reports. Hospital administrative data and medical record review were used, and supplemented with data from birth certificates from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
Results We identified 28,344 pregnancies that met inclusion criteria, of which 1,418 (5.0%) were IVF pregnancies. The overall incidence of PAS was 0.4% (2.2% in the IVF group and 0.3% in the non-IVF group). Women who underwent IVF had 5.5 times the risk of PAS (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4–8.7) compared with women in the non-IVF group, adjusted for maternal age, nulliparity, and year of delivery (Table 5). Compared with women in the non-IVF group, the IVF group had fewer prior cesarean deliveries (22.6 vs. 64.2%) and a lower prevalence of placenta previa (19.4 vs. 44.4%).
Conclusion Women with an IVF pregnancy carry an increased risk of PAS compared with non-IVF. Among women who underwent IVF, there was a lower prevalence of prior cesarean deliveries and placenta previa. Future work is needed to identify the mechanism of association for this increased risk as well as a reliable tool for antenatal detection in this cohort of women.
Key Points
Lymph Nodal Metastatic Pattern in Carcinoma Gallbladder with Multidetector Computed Tomography: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Raj Gaurav , Singh Bhanupriya , Raj Richa , Singh Ragini 
Published: July 2020

Objective This work aimed to study the distribution of lymph nodal metastatic pattern in carcinoma gallbladder with multidetector computed tomography (CT).
Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted including 80 patients with carcinoma gallbladder who underwent triple-phase CT angiography or single-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen between January 2019 and November 2019.
Results In our study, 75 (93.7%) out of 80 cases showed metastasis to lymph nodes, with distribution as follows: periportal (69), peripancreatic (62), and aortocaval (47). The most common involved combination included all three lymph nodal groups (periportal, peripancreatic, and aortocaval), involving 40 (50%) cases. The combination of only periportal and peripancreatic lymph nodes was seen in 17 (21%) cases. Isolated periportal lymph nodes were seen in eight cases (10%) cases. The combination of only periportal and aortocaval lymph nodes was seen in four (5%) cases. Isolated peripancreatic lymph nodes were seen in three (3.7%) cases. The combination of periportal and aortocaval was seen in four (5%) cases followed by peripancreatic and aortocaval lymph nodes that was seen in two (2.5%) cases. Isolated aortocaval lymph nodes were seen in one (1.2%) case.
Conclusion Periportal lymph nodes were the single most commonly involved station followed by peripancreatic and aortocaval lymph nodes. The combination of periportal, peripancreatic, and aortocaval lymph nodes was seen most commonly. The second most commonly involved combination was found to be periportal and peripancreatic lymph nodes followed by isolated periportal lymph nodes.
Topicality in Sentence Focus utterances
Authors: Vydrina Alexandra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFocus and newness are distinct features. The fact that subconstituents of focus can be given or discourse-old has been pointed out inSelkirk (1984)andLambrecht (1994). Nevertheless, when it comes to Sentence Focus, it is still common to equate Focus with newness, and to treat SF sentences as necessarily all-new. One of the reasons for such bias is that formally or typologically oriented descriptions of SF tend to analyze only intransitive ‘out of the blue’ SF utterances stemming from elicitation. Based on SF utterances in natural speech in Kakabe, a Western Mande language, the present study shows that in natural speech SF utterances are associated with a rich array of discourse strategies. Accordingly, the discourse properties of the referents inside SF are subject to variation and affect the implementation of the focus-marking. The study also shows how the discourse properties of referents define the distribution of the focus marker in Kakabe.
Population‐based trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents in Germany, 2003–2017
Authors: Hanssen‐Doose Anke , Niessner Claudia , Oriwol Doris , Bös Klaus , Woll Alexander , Worth Annette 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPhysical fitness is an important health resource. From 2003 onwards, the MoMo study, a part of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), has investigated physical fitness on the basis of nationally representative data. The objective of this paper was to analyse trends in physical fitness of three cohorts at the ages of 4–17 years. Changes within 10 test items of the MoMo‐test profile are reported. The mean values of physical fitness and the relevant influencing factors were directly compared across cohorts (in the total group and in age‐and sex‐subgroups). Statistical significance of differences was examined by calculating the confidence intervals (95% CI) for complex samples; effect sizes were determined using Cohen's d. The results indicated that physical fitness levels of German children and adolescents initially slightly increased between MoMo baseline (2003–2006) and wave 1 (2009–2012). This could partly be attributed to increased physical activity in sports clubs and in extracurricular sports at school. Then, between MoMo wave 1 and MoMo wave 2 (2014–2017) the physical fitness of children and adolescents in Germany remained the same, as did all influencing factors with the exception of extracurricular sport. From a public health perspective, programmes and measures that can increase the chances for all children and adolescents to strive for greater physical fitness should be of the highest priority.
Reversible synthesis of GO: Role of differential bond structure transformation in fine-tuning photodetector response
Authors: Shabir Abgeena , Abid  , Sehrawat Poonam , Julien C M , Islam S S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The controlled modification of graphene’s electronic band structure poses serious challenges. In the present work, we study the effect of sp
2 cluster size variation on the electronic band gap and photoconductive properties of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This is achieved by performing reversible functionalization of RGO with oxygen species. The reversible functionalization of RGO results in its partial transformation to graphene oxide (GO) so that the size of the sp
2 clusters within the sp
3 matrix varies, thereby affecting the π-π* band structure and photoconductive properties. The study reveals: (1) incremental creation/elimination of oxygenated surface bonds’ related energy states within the π-π*
band; (2) customized tuning of the sp
2/sp
3 ratio; (3) the presence/absence of oxygenated states impacts the optical transition processes both from band-to-band and oxygenated states; and (4) the incremental addition/depletion of surface states in a tunable manner directly influences the carrier transport in the photoconductive device. Experiments show a two-stage transformation of RGO electronic properties with changing oxygen functionalities: oxidation (Stage I) and decomposition or erosion (Stage II). Sp
2 cluster size variation induced bandgap change was analyzed by Raman and photoluminescence studies, indicating the possibility for photodetection in a specific band encompassing NIR to UV, depending on the sp
2/sp
3 ratio. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared studies confirm the surface oxygenation/de-oxygenation during plasma treatment, and XRD confirms partial transformation of RGO to GO and its amorphization at higher plasma exposure times. In addition, the photodetector performance is optimized in terms of carrier generation-recombination and carrier-lattice scattering. Thus, manipulating better photoconductive response is possible through suitable handling of the parameters involved in the plasma treatment process. This is the first study on the influence of the sp
2/sp
3 ratio-induced lattice structure evolution on photodetection.
Beat the machine (learning): metal additive manufacturing and closed
loop control
Authors: Freeman Felicity S H B , Chechik Lova , Todd Iain 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
3D printing (additive manufacturing) is an emerging technology with the ability
to make complex, free-form shapes from materials including plastics, metals and
ceramics. While additive manufacturing has many advantages over more traditional
processes, it can be difficult to control, which can then lead to defects in the
finished part. Closed-loop control is a key part of most modern manufacturing
and household processes, improving efficiency and reducing variation. Machine
learning is an extension of this, where the controller learns how changes in the
input variables affect the output. Here we provide an overview of the different
types of metal additive manufacturing processes, and their relative strengths
and weaknesses. We also describe how closed-loop control and thermal cameras are
being used to improve these processes. Finally, we provide a link to a
free-to-download app which allows students to control their own simulation of an
additive manufacturing build, and see first-hand the need for control
algorithms. Pseudo-code is provided in an appendix to help students who wish to
take this further by building their own control algorithms.
Complete hyperentangled state analysis using weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity and auxiliary entanglement
Authors: Zeng Zhi , Zhu Ka-Di 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a new method for the complete analysis of hyperentangled Bell state and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom, resorting to weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity and auxiliary frequency entanglement. The weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity with small phase shift is used to construct quantum nondestructive detector, and it is realizable with the current technology. Compared with the previous schemes, our scheme largely reduces the requirement on nonlinearity with the help of auxiliary entanglement in the third degree of freedom. Our method provides an efficient avenue for the hyperentangled state analysis, and will be useful for high-capacity quantum information processing.
Gleason Score Evolution and the Effect on Prostate Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Swanson Gregory P , Trevathan Sean , Hammonds Kendall A P , Speights V O , Hermans Michael R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We evaluated how the changes in Gleason grading affected the long-term outcomes of a large prostatectomy cohort.

Methods
We obtained long-term follow-up (16.7 years) in 581 patients having undergone radical retropubic prostatectomy between 1985 and 1995. We excluded those with seminal vesicle and/or lymphatic involvement. We regraded the specimens according to contemporary guidelines and compared how this affected outcomes compared with their original (pre-1995) Gleason scoring. In total, 499 patients were evaluable.

Results
A Gleason score of 6 or less declined from 73% to 29%, and the number increased from 25% to 63% for a Gleason score of 7 and from 5% to 8% for a Gleason score of 8 to 9. As a result, for a Gleason score less than 7, biochemical failure decreased from 28% to 23%, metastatic disease 5% to 2%, and prostate cancer death from 5% to 3%. The same results were 50% to 37%, 11% to 7%, and 10% to 6% for a Gleason score of 7 and 86% to 71%, 43% to 32%, and 29% to 26% for a Gleason score more than 7, respectively. With the most recent grade grouping, for groups 1 to 5, biochemical failure occurred in 23%, 32%, 45%, 69%, and 78%, respectively. Metastatic disease occurred in 2%, 4%, 12%, 24%, and 56%, respectively. Prostate cancer–related death occurred in 2%, 4%, 9%, 21%, and 44%, respectively.

Conclusions
The revised Gleason scores improved the outcomes in all risk groups. Based on Gleason score, patients with prostate cancer will appear to have better outcomes than they did before 2005, making any comparison tenable. The current grading system shows a consistent increased risk in biochemical failure, metastatic disease, and prostate cancer–related death with each successive grade.
Supramodal Mechanisms of the Cognitive Control Network in Uncertainty Processing
Authors: Wu Tingting , Spagna Alfredo , Chen Chao , Schulz Kurt P , Hof Patrick R , Fan Jin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Information processing under conditions of uncertainty requires the involvement of cognitive control. Despite behavioral evidence of the supramodal function (i.e., independent of sensory modality) of cognitive control, the underlying neural mechanism needs to be directly tested. This study used functional magnetic imaging together with visual and auditory perceptual decision-making tasks to examine brain activation as a function of uncertainty in the two stimulus modalities. The results revealed a monotonic increase in activation in the cortical regions of the cognitive control network (CCN) as a function of uncertainty in the visual and auditory modalities. The intrinsic connectivity between the CCN and sensory regions was similar for the visual and auditory modalities. Furthermore, multivariate patterns of activation in the CCN predicted the level of uncertainty within and across stimulus modalities. These findings suggest that the CCN implements cognitive control by processing uncertainty as abstract information independent of stimulus modality.