bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance of acute versus antecedent patient characteristics for 1-year mortality prediction during intensive care unit admission: a national cohort study
Authors: Kerckhoffs Monika C. , Brinkman Sylvia , de Keizer Nicolet , Soliman Ivo W. , de Lange Dylan W. , van Delden Johannes J. M. , van Dijk Diederik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Multiple factors contribute to mortality after ICU, but it is unclear how the predictive value of these factors changes during ICU admission. We aimed to compare the changing performance over time of the acute illness component, antecedent patient characteristics, and ICU length of stay (LOS) in predicting 1-year mortality.

Methods
In this retrospective observational cohort study, the discriminative value of four generalized mixed-effects models was compared for 1-year and hospital mortality. Among patients with increasing ICU LOS, the models included (a) acute illness factors and antecedent patient characteristics combined, (b) acute component only, (c) antecedent patient characteristics only, and (d) ICU LOS. For each analysis, discrimination was measured by area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), calculated using the bootstrap method. Statistical significance between the models was assessed using the DeLong method (p value < 0.05).

Results
In 400,248 ICU patients observed, hospital mortality was 11.8% and 1-year mortality 21.8%. At ICU admission, the combined model predicted 1-year mortality with an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI 0.84–0.84). When analyzed separately, the acute component progressively lost predictive power. From an ICU admission of at least 3 days, antecedent characteristics significantly exceeded the predictive value of the acute component for 1-year mortality, AUC 0.68 (95% CI 0.68–0.69) versus 0.67 (95% CI 0.67–0.68) (p value < 0.001). For hospital mortality, antecedent characteristics outperformed the acute component from a LOS of at least 7 days, comprising 7.8% of patients and accounting for 52.4% of all bed days. ICU LOS predicted 1-year mortality with an AUC of 0.52 (95% CI 0.51–0.53) and hospital mortality with an AUC of 0.54 (95% CI 0.53–0.55) for patients with a LOS of at least 7 days.

Conclusions
Comparing the predictive value of factors influencing 1-year mortality for patients with increasing ICU LOS, antecedent patient characteristics are more predictive than the acute component for patients with an ICU LOS of at least 3 days. For hospital mortality, antecedent patient characteristics outperform the acute component for patients with an ICU LOS of at least 7 days. After the first week of ICU admission, LOS itself is not predictive of hospital nor 1-year mortality.
Exploring pharmacological approaches for managing cytokine storm associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Convertino Irma , Tuccori Marco , Ferraro Sara , Valdiserra Giulia , Cappello Emiliano , Focosi Daniele , Blandizzi Corrado 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSars-CoV-2 complications include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which require intensive care unit admission. These conditions have rapidly overwhelmed healthcare systems, with detrimental effects on the quality of care and increased mortality. Social isolation strategies have been implemented worldwide with the aim of reducing hospital pressure. Among therapeutic strategies, the use of immunomodulating drugs, to improve prognosis, seems promising. Particularly, since pneumonia and ARDS are associated with a cytokine storm, drugs belonging to therapeutic classes as anti-IL-6, anti-TNF, and JAK inhibitors are currently studied. In this article, we discuss the potential advantages of the most promising pharmacological approaches.
Enhanced care planning and clinical-community linkages versus usual care to address basic needs of patients with multiple chronic conditions: a clinician-level randomized controlled trial
Authors: Krist Alex H. , O’Loughlin Kristen , Woolf Steven H. , Sabo Roy T. , Hinesley Jennifer , Kuzel Anton J. , Rybarczyk Bruce D. , Kashiri Paulette Lail , Brooks E. Marshall , Glasgow Russel E. , Huebschmann Amy G. , Liaw Winston R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Many patients with poorly controlled multiple chronic conditions (MCC) also have unhealthy behaviors, mental health challenges, and unmet social needs. Medical management of MCC may have limited benefit if patients are struggling to address their basic life needs. Health systems and communities increasingly recognize the need to address these issues and are experimenting with and investing in new models for connecting patients with needed services. Yet primary care clinicians, whose regular contact with patients makes them more familiar with patients’ needs, are often not included in these systems.

Methods
We are starting a clinician-level cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate how primary care clinicians can participate in these community and hospital solutions and whether doing so is effective in controlling MCC. Sixty clinicians in the Virginia Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research Network will be matched by age and sex and randomized to usual care (control condition) or enhanced care planning with clinical-community linkage support (intervention). From the electronic health record we will identify all patients with MCC, including cardiovascular disease or risks, diabetes, obesity, or depression. A baseline assessment will be mailed to up to 50 randomly selected patients for each clinician (3000 total). Ten respondents per clinician (600 patients total) with uncontrolled MCC will be randomly selected for study inclusion, with oversampling of minorities. The intervention includes two components. First, we will use an enhanced care planning tool, My Own Health Report (MOHR), to screen patients for health behavior, mental health, and social needs. Patients will be supported by a patient navigator, who will help patients prioritize needs, create care plans, and write a personal narrative to guide the care team. Patients will update care plans every 1 to 2 weeks. Second, we will create community-clinical linkage to help address patients’ needs. The linkage will include community resource registries, personnel to span settings (patient navigators and a community health worker), and care team coordination across team members through MOHR.

Discussion
This study will help inform efforts by primary care clinicians to help address unhealthy behaviors, mental health needs, and social risks as a strategy to better control MCC.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03885401. Registered on 19 September 2019.
Error bounds for mixed set-valued vector inverse quasi-variational inequalities
Authors: Chang Shih-sen , Salahuddin  , Wang L. , Wang G. , Ma Z. L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the mixed set-valued vector inverse quasi-variational inequality problems (MSVIQVIPs) and to obtain error bounds for this kind of MSVIQVIP in terms of the residual gap function, the regularized gap function, and the D-gap function. These bounds provide effective estimated distances between an arbitrary feasible point and the solution set of mixed set-valued vector inverse quasi-variational inequality problem. The results presented in the paper improve and generalize some recent results.
Two-level fuzzy-neural load distribution strategy in cloud-based web system
Authors: Zatwarnicki Krzysztof 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCloud computing Web systems are today the most important part of the Web. Many companies transfer their services to the cloud in order to avoid infrastructure aging and thus preventing less efficient computing. Distribution of the load is a crucial problem in cloud computing systems. Due to the specifics of network traffic, providing an acceptable time of access to the Web content is not trivial. The utilization of the load distribution with adaptive intelligent distribution strategies can deliver the highest quality of service, short service time and reduce the costs. In the article, a new, two-level, intelligent HTTP request distribution strategy is presented. In the process of designing the architecture of the proposed solution, the results of earlier studies and experiments were taken into account. The proposed decision system contains fuzzy-neural models yielding minimal service times in the Web cloud. The article contains a description of the new solution and the test-bed. In the end, the results of the experiments are discussed and conclusions and presented.
Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury
Authors: Nagappan Palaniappan Ganesh , Chen Hong , Wang De-Yun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeuronal networks, especially those in the central nervous system (CNS), evolved to support extensive functional capabilities while ensuring stability. Several physiological “brakes” that maintain the stability of the neuronal networks in a healthy state quickly become a hinderance postinjury. These “brakes” include inhibition from the extracellular environment, intrinsic factors of neurons and the control of neuronal plasticity. There are distinct differences between the neuronal networks in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the CNS. Underpinning these differences is the trade-off between reduced functional capabilities with increased adaptability through the formation of new connections and new neurons. The PNS has “facilitators” that stimulate neuroregeneration and plasticity, while the CNS has “brakes” that limit them. By studying how these “facilitators” and “brakes” work and identifying the key processes and molecules involved, we can attempt to apply these theories to the neuronal networks of the CNS to increase its adaptability. The difference in adaptability between the CNS and PNS leads to a difference in neuroregenerative properties and plasticity. Plasticity ensures quick functional recovery of abilities in the short and medium term. Neuroregeneration involves synthesizing new neurons and connections, providing extra resources in the long term to replace those damaged by the injury, and achieving a lasting functional recovery. Therefore, by understanding the factors that affect neuroregeneration and plasticity, we can combine their advantages and develop rehabilitation techniques. Rehabilitation training methods, coordinated with pharmacological interventions and/or electrical stimulation, contributes to a precise, holistic treatment plan that achieves functional recovery from nervous system injuries. Furthermore, these techniques are not limited to limb movement, as other functions lost as a result of brain injury, such as speech, can also be recovered with an appropriate training program.
Hyperlactatemia of dialysis-dependent patients after cardiac surgery impacts on in-hospital mortality: a two-center retrospective study
Authors: Ezaka Mariko , Tsukamoto Junko , Matsuo Koichi , Kin Nobuhide , Yamaoka Kazue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLactate is a well-known marker to estimate prognosis after cardiac surgery and critically ill patients. The liver and kidney have a major role in lactate metabolism; however, there was less characterized about the change of lactate and threshold to predict in-hospital mortality in dialysis-dependent patients undertaking cardiac surgery. We conducted this retrospective observational study to characterize when and how lactate values after cardiac surgery affected in-hospital mortality.MethodsThis two-center retrospective study included dialysis-dependent patients who underwent cardiac surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2014 to December 2018. Lactate values were collected at three points: at ICU admission (T1), the maximum level of lactate within 24 h postoperatively (T2), and 24 h after ICU admission (T3). We determined hyperlactatemia as more than 2 mmol/L following previous studies.ResultsWe enrolled 122 dialysis-dependent patients. The mean age was 73 ± 8 years and hyperlactatemia was observed in 100 patients (81.9%). In-hospital mortality was 11.4%. Univariate analysis and area under curve in ROC suggested that T2 lactate was the most significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (AUC = 0.845). Multivariate logistic analysis showed a significant association between in-hospital mortality when patients showed early peak lactate levels of > 4.5 mmol/L after ICU admission (adjusted OR 8.35; 95% CI: 1.44–57.13).ConclusionsIn dialysis-dependent patients after cardiac surgery, the early-onset of a maximum arterial lactate concentration of > 4.5 mmol/L was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.
Breast lesions in women under 25 years: radiologic-pathologic correlation
Authors: Alawi Abdelhaafez , Hasan Malak , Harraz Mohamed M. , Kamr Wael Hamza , Alsolami Shadiah , Mowalwei Hamid , Salem Adulaziz , Qronfla Huda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of breast lesions in women under 25 years are being benign. Imaging is important for diagnosis and selecting patients for further procedures. Although malignancy is rare in this group of patients, suspected lesions must be biopsied. Imaging is very important in the selection of patients for radiological intervention. Understanding of the clinical, pathologic, and imaging features allows the radiologist to guide proper management of these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of different breast lesions in symptomatic women under 25 years and the value of radiological imaging in the diagnosis.ResultsThis was a retrospective study; a total number of 250 cases with breast lumps under 25 years of age were registered in the PACKS of our institution in the period from January 01, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Two hundred three cases coped with our inclusion criteria that include available histopathological results either by biopsy or after surgery based on their referring physicians decision. Our exclusion criteria were those cases (47) with definite BIRADS 2 lesions with no available pathology reports. Ultrasonography was done to all patients (203 cases) and MRI was performed to 26 cases. All cases were histologically verified; their findings were reviewed and compared to radiological findings.A total of 203 symptomatic breast lesions were received at the radiological department in women under 25 years; there were 115 (56.7%) benign, 85 (41.9%) cystic, and 3 (1.5%) malignant lumps. The commonest benign lesion was fibroadenoma (104 cases, 51.2%) and all the malignant lesions were invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (3 cases, 1.47%). Thepvalue is > 0.05, so there were no differences between examination using the ultrasonography and the MRI imaging compared to histopathological results.ConclusionsMost breast lesions in young women are benign. Ultrasonography is an essential first imaging modality in the diagnosis of women under 25 years with breast lesions.
Identifying the lithology of volcanic rocks by using the time-frequency features of array acoustic logging data
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Wang Pujun , Wang Zhuwen , Xiang Min , Liu Jinghua 
Published: June 2020

The traditional acoustic logging signal processing method is computing the slowness of each component wave by time-domain or frequency-domain methods. But both of the two methods are limited. To combine the signals’ times, frequencies, or amplitudes, we have analyzed the array acoustic logging signals by the fractional Fourier transform and the Choi-Williams distribution. First, we apply the fractional Fourier transform on an array acoustic logging waveform with proper [Formula: see text], then the Choi-Williams distribution analysis method is used to process the signal in the fractional Fourier domain, and finally the result will show in the fractional Fourier time-frequency domain. The results show the following. The array acoustic logging signal is received earlier in the mudstone and diabase formation than in the tuff and breccia formations. The basic frequencies of the compressional wave (P-wave) are not very different, but the basic frequency of the shear wave (S-wave) is highest in the tuff formation and is lowest in the diabase formation. The relative energies of each component wave in the diabase, mudstone, tuff, and breccia formation can be summarized as: for the P-wave, diabase > mudstone ≈ tuff ≈ breccia; for the S-wave, diabase ≈ mudstone > breccia > tuff; and for the Stoneley wave, diabase > mudstone > tuff > breccia. The signal processing method combining the fractional Fourier transform and the Choi-Williams distribution can comprehensively research the time, frequency, and amplitude, thereby improving the segmentation of the time and frequency domains and providing a new method for interpretation of array acoustic logging.
Conglomerate petrology characterization using high-definition borehole electrical images in the Upper Urho Formation at well JL42, Zhongguai Uplift, Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Rui Yuan , Bo Yang , Chunfu Pan , Xuguang Guo , Liliang Huang , Wenjun He , Youlun Feng , Kang Zhao 
Published: June 2020

Cores drilled from wells are significant resources for understanding the geologic characteristics of petroleum reservoirs. However, due to the high cost and long rig time involved, it is impossible to obtain cores from the entire sedimentary formation in a drilling well. Furthermore, core breakage limits the amount of information that can be obtained in the vertical deposition environment of deep-buried formations. Therefore, we have used ultrahigh-resolution and high-quality borehole electrical images obtained by a borehole electrical imaging tool, High-Definition Formation MicroImager (FMI-HD), to supplement “core” information and characterize the petrologic features, such as grain size and sedimentary structure, of conglomeratic formations in the Permian Upper Urho Formation at well JL42, Zhongguai Uplift, Junggar Basin, China. We have observed conglomeratic cores at 95.92 m in well JL42 and recorded various petrologic features of the core cylinders. In the cored interval, the FMI-HD images were compared with core photos in detail; grain size results from the FMI-HD images and cores were very similar. However, there were major differences in the structural results due to core interruption. In addition, the high-resolution depositional facies of the Upper Urho Formation at well JL42 were dissected in terms of the distributive fluvial system, not the fan-delta system, using vertical grain size features derived from FMI-HD images. Boulders, cobbles, coarse pebbles, and fine pebbles were developed in thick gravelly channels in the lower proximal facies, whereas fine pebbles and granules were developed in thin channels in the upper medial facies. Therefore, FMI-HD images can be efficiently used to supplement cores and sedimentary information, which provides important insights on the paleogeology of conglomeratic formations and in turn on the exploration potential of petroleum systems.
Application of time-frequency entropy based on high-order synchrosqueezing transform in reservoir prediction
Authors: Tian Renfei , Lei Xue , Hu Jiangtao 
Published: June 2020

Reservoir prediction is an essential component of seismic exploration. We have introduced a new technique for reservoir prediction based on time-frequency entropy that can detect seismic attenuation caused by reservoir fluid, such as gas and oil. The use of conventional methods of time-frequency analysis leads to low resolution due to inadequate calculation accuracy. To address this issue, we have adopted a novel method of calculating time-frequency entropy that computes the time-frequency distribution using a high-order synchrosqueezing transform to obtain time-frequency entropy with a higher resolution and better energy concentration. Numerical tests on synthetic signals show that the proposed method provides high accuracy and can detect ultrasmall variations (e.g., 1%) in amplitude, phase, or frequency. The model test shows that frequency entropy based on our proposed method can effectively distinguish an oil-bearing reservoir and is also robust to noise. Application on field data further demonstrates that it provides time-frequency entropy with high resolution and can identify weak seismic signal variations caused by dry, water-saturated, and oil-saturated sedimentary layers. Practical well drilling verifies these prediction results. The proposed method can be broadly applied in seismic reservoir prediction.
Assessing the relationship between psychosocial stressors and psychiatric resilience among Chilean disaster survivors
Authors: Fernandez Cristina A. , Choi Karmel W. , Marshall Brandon D. L. , Vicente Benjamin , Saldivia Sandra , Kohn Robert , Koenen Karestan C. , Arheart Kristopher L. , Buka Stephen L. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAccording to the stress inoculation hypothesis, successfully navigating life stressors may improve one's ability to cope with subsequent stressors, thereby increasing psychiatric resilience.AimsAmong individuals with no baseline history of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD), to determine whether a history of a stressful life event protected participants against the development of PTSD and/or MDD after a natural disaster.MethodAnalyses utilised data from a multiwave, prospective cohort study of adult Chilean primary care attendees (years 2003–2011; n = 1160). At baseline, participants completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), a comprehensive psychiatric diagnostic instrument, and the List of Threatening Experiences, a 12-item questionnaire that measures major stressful life events. During the study (2010), the sixth most powerful earthquake on record struck Chile. One year later (2011), the CIDI was re-administered to assess post-disaster PTSD and/or MDD.ResultsMarginal structural logistic regressions indicated that for every one-unit increase in the number of pre-disaster stressors, the odds of developing post-disaster PTSD or MDD increased (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.08–1.37, and OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27 respectively). When categorising pre-disaster stressors, individuals with four or more stressors (compared with no stressors) had higher odds of developing post-disaster PTSD (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.52–5.04), and a dose–response relationship between pre-disaster stressors and post-disaster MDD was found.ConclusionsIn contrast to the stress inoculation hypothesis, results indicated that experiencing multiple stressors increased the vulnerability to developing PTSD and/or MDD after a natural disaster. Increased knowledge regarding the individual variations of these disorders is essential to inform targeted mental health interventions after a natural disaster, especially in under-studied populations.