bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Computational Tool for Accurate, Quantitative Prediction of One–Electron Reduction Potentials of Hypoxia–Activated Tirapazamine Analogues
Authors: Elsaidi Hassan RH , Wiebe Leonard I , Kumar Piyush 
Published: June 2020

The reduction potentials of bioreductively-activated drugs represent an important design parameter to be accommodated in the course of creating lead compounds and improving the efficacy of older generation drugs. Reduction potentials are traditionally reported as single–electron reduction potentials, E(1), measured against reference electrodes under strictly defined experimental conditions. More recently, computational chemists have described redox properties in terms of a molecule’s highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), in electron volts (eV). The relative accessibility of HOMO/LUMO data through calculation using today’s computer infrastructure and simplified algorithms make the calculated value (LUMO) attractive in comparison to the accepted but rigorous experimental determination of E(1). This paper describes the correlations of eV (LUMO) to E(1) for three series of bioreductively–activated benzotriazine di-N-oxides (BTDOs), ring-substituted BTDOs, ring-added BTDOs and a selection of aromatic nitro compounds. The current computational approach is a closed–shell calculation with a single optimization. Gas phase geometry optimization was followed by a single–point DFT (Density Functional Theory) energy calculation in the gas phase or in the presence of polar solvent. The resulting DFT–derived LUMO energies (eV) calculated for BTDO analogues in gas phase and in presence of polar solvent (water) exhibited very strong linear correlations with high computational efficiency (r2 = 0.9925) and a very high predictive ability (MAD = 7 mV and RMSD = 9 mV) when compared to reported experimentally determined single–electron reduction potentials.
DA UNIVERSIDADE AO MUNDO DO TRABALHO: PRÁTICA DOCENTE NA FORMAÇÃO DE FUTUROS GESTORES
Authors: Farinha Corina Alves , Moura Patrícia Rosânia de Sá 
Published: June 2020

A diversidade constitui, na atualidade, um tema bastante difundido no âmbito das organizações, contudo ainda não se tem clareza das práticas e políticas da gestão da diversidade, sobretudo quando se trata do público LGTB. Em outros termos, de que modo esse público vem sendo tratado no ambiente de trabalho? Sendo assim, essa pesquisa procura analisar a formação profissional de 120 futuros gestores para o mundo do trabalho em termos de diversidade sexual. O objetivo consistiu em identificar em que medida os conteúdos das disciplinas de Políticas Públicas, Direitos Humanos e Gestão de Pessoas são capazes de sensibilizar os estudantes sobre as atitudes discriminatórias e/ou preconceituosas com pessoas LGBT no ambiente organizacional, o quanto essas pessoas são muitas vezes excluídas desse meio. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa de natureza exploratória e descritiva, por meio de estudo de caso. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se do método investigativo de problematização da realidade e solução de problemas. Os resultados indicam que os conteúdos das disciplinas, componentes do currículo da instituição pesquisada, se revelam instrumentos importantes para ampliar ou modificar a percepção dos estudantes quanto a atitudes discriminatórias.
Una aproximación al intertexto videolúdico. El caso de Leisure Suit Larry: Reloaded
Authors: Botella Tejera Carla , Méndez González Ramón 
Published: June 2020

Los textos audiovisuales suelen recurrir a menudo al uso de la intertextualidad, en ocasiones con una finalidad humorística y en otras a modo de homenaje o evocación del recuerdo. La intertextualidad audiovisual da lugar a un sinfín de posibilidades que solemos encontrar al darse cruces de personajes y elementos de producciones previas, contemporáneas o incluso futuras. Este fenómeno se observa constantemente en los videojuegos, en los que producen transvases culturales de todo tipo. En este artículo nos acercaremos al juego Leisure Suit Larry: Reloaded, fuente de abundantes referencias, para estudiar las características del intertexto videolúdico presente en el mismo. Mediante el estudio de ejemplos que contengan referencias intertextuales y apoyados en análisis previos propios y ajenos, estudiaremos las características y particularidades del mismo. De esta manera, podremos ver las diferencias con el audiovisual y el literario y descubriremos cómo se articulan las fases de su proceso de traducción.
The analysis of linguistic variation in Translation Studies. A proposal for classifying translational phenomena between source text and target text
Authors: Del Rey Quesada Santiago 
Published: June 2020

This paper addresses the study of variation in translated texts from a theoretical-methodological perspective. The first section focuses on the determining factors affecting diasystematic variation in the variational space of languages, a concept emerging from the field of German variational linguistics, where I refer to the domains of communicative immediacy and communicative distance, two concepts essential for understanding the classification proposed in the following pages. The second section is devoted to the type that I have called contact-based variation, defining language variants attributable to the situation of contact in which all translations are produced. The third section briefly covers what I have termed gradational variation, i.e. the existence of forms that are intensified or attenuated with respect to others. The fourth section describes how the three types of variation interrelate in target texts and establishes a typology of phenomena aimed at explaining variants in translated texts, revolving around the concept of interference. Lastly, the viability of this proposal for analysing variants in the field of descriptive, historical, and applied linguistics is discussed
Detection of Aflatoxin B1 among Early and Middle Childhood Iraqi Patients
Authors: AL-Musawi  et al. Muna 
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted for the detection of Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in the serum and urine of 42 early and middle childhood patients (26 male and 16 female ) with renal function disease, liver function disease, in additional to atrophy in the growth and other symptoms depending on the information within consent obtained from each patient, in addition to 8 children, apparently healthy, as the control. The technique of HPLC was used for the detection of AFB1 from all samples. The results showed that out of 42 patient children, 19 (45.2%) gave positive detection of AFB1 in the serum among all age groups patients with a mean of 0.88 ng/ml and a range of (0.12-3.04) ng/ml. This was compared with the control that did not detect any level. On the other hand, AFB1 was not detected in any of urine samples in both of the sexes. Positive results of serum AFB1 were recorded in males more than females sample which reached 12(46.1%) and 7(43.7%) respectively with a mean/ range reached to (1.08 /0.12-2.91 and 0.82/0.12-1.30)ng/ml respectively, compared with 8 control samples that did not detect any value of aflatoxins.
Histological and Biochemical Parameters Follow-up in Experimental rats Administrated dexamethasone and Treated with Green Synthesis Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using (Camillia sciences) Extracts
Authors: Abbas et al. Nada 
Published: June 2020

In this study, Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles were synthesized by an easy and eco-friendly technique (green synthesis) using green tea leaves (Camillia sinensis), Nanoparticles were analyzed using structural and optical analysis, the X-ray pattern showed that Titanium Dioxide NPs had a tetragonal structure with (Face Centered Tetragonal) FCT crystal structure, the UV-visible recorded an absorbance peak near 350 nm and calculated energy band gap was 3.5 eV, all measurements were proved the purity and Nano size of prepared Nanoparticles. Biochemical parameters evaluation also mentioned in this research, these analyzes showed that Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles in particular dose (50 mg/kg) have the ability to reduce blood glucose levels, improve liver functions and recover lipid levels in the animals body, and lastly, histological pancreatic parts were submitted to observe changes that occurred after dexamethasone and nanoparticles were injected.
Measurement of three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion in adult female patients after orthodontic extraction: a preliminary study
Authors: Shen Linhui , Xie Tian-yi , Jiang Ruo-ping , Jiang Yi-ran , Chen Gui , Xu Tian-min , Han Bing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: 3D facial scanning has changed the way facial aesthetic is evaluated and has numerous advantages for facial analysis. The specific relationship between lip vermilion morphological changes after orthodontic extraction treatment has not been fully explained. The objective of this study was to evaluate 3D morphological changes after orthodontic extraction treatment in lip vermilion of adult females with dentoalveolar protrusion using a structured light-based scanner. Methods: Forty-two female subjects (25.2 ± 1.9 years) were recruited as the treatment group; these patients had undergone extraction treatment and achieved better sagittal profiles. Twenty female subjects (25.5 ± 2.1 years) were enrolled in the non-treatment group; these patients did not require any orthodontic treatment. The follow up time for the treatment group was more than 24 months and for the non-treatment group was more than 12 months. 3D facial scans were captured using 3D CaMega. Six landmarks (Ls, Li, R.Chp, L.Chp, R.Ch, and L.Ch), three linear measurements (mouth height, philtrum width, and mouth width), and three area measurements (upper, lower, and total vermilion area) were measured. The spatial deviations of the three volumetric measurements (upper, lower, and total vermilion) were constructed for quantitative analysis. Superimposed colour maps and spectra were constructed for visual analysis of morphological changes as a qualitative evaluation. Results: Mouth height and philtrum width decreased (-0.93mm and -1.08mm, respectively) significantly (p=0.008 and p=0.027, respectively), and no significant (p=0.488) change in mouth width was observed in the treatment group. The lower and total vermilion surface areas decreased (-51.00mm2 and -69.82mm2 , respectively) significantly (p=0.003 and p=0.031, respectively) in the treatment group, but the upper vermilion remained unchanged (p=0.752). In the treatment group, significant retractions were observed in the superimposed colour maps and spectra, and the volumetric measurements of the vermilion changed significantly (p=0.012, p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively). Significant differences were found between the treatment group and the non-treatment group in linear, area and volumetric measurements. Conclusions: This study established a method for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the lip vermilion. Significant 3D retraction of the lip vermilion after the extraction treatment was found, with morphological variation between upper and lower vermilion.
HIV positive status disclosure to a sexual partner: the influence of marital status and partner communication
Authors: ADENIYI OLADELE VINCENT , Nwogwugwu Charlotte , Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Lambert John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Disclosure of HIV serostatus to sexual partner does not only facilitate partner's support and testing, but it also correlates with better treatment outcomes. We drew from a cross-sectional survey conducted among postpartum women with HIV to examine the rate of serostatus disclosure to sexual partners, the influence of relationship status, and knowing one's partner's status on disclosure and reasons for non-disclosure. Methods: We conducted telephonic interviews with a final sample of 485 postpartum women with HIV drawn from the East London Prospective Cohort study database between January and May 2018. Disclosure of HIV status to partner was based on self-reporting. We fitted adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models and also conducted descriptive statistical analyses. Results: Overall, 82.5% of the respondents had disclosed their status to their partners. After adjusting for important covariates (age, education level, employment status, number of years since HIV diagnosis, alcohol use and smoking behaviour), being married [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.66; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.17-6.05] and knowing one's partner's status [AOR: 46.91; 95% CI:19.50-112.81] were significantly associated with a higher odds of having disclosed HIV status to sexual partners. Fear of rejection, stigma or being judged, new or casual relationships, and having a violent partner were the main reasons for not disclosing HIV status to sexual partners. Conclusion: We found a relatively high rate of HIV status disclosure in the cohort. Being married and having open communication with a partner about HIV status are important factors facilitating disclosure to sexual partners.
Quantifying the effects of combination trastuzumab and radiation therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer
Authors: Bloom Meghan J , Song Patrick N , Virostko John , Yankeelov Thomas E , Sorace Anna G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Trastuzumab, a clinical antibody targeted to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), has been shown to sensitize cells to radiation in vitro. Current studies lack longitudinal evaluation of cellular response and in vivo data is limited. The purpose of this study is to quantify the effects of combination trastuzumab and radiation therapy in vitro and in vivo over time to determine if there is a synergistic interaction. Methods: EGFP expressing BT474, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were treated with 0.1 ng/ml of trastuzumab, 5 or 10 Gy of radiation, or combination treatment, and imaged using fluorescence live cell microscopy for one week. The Bliss independence model was used to quantify the effects of combination treatment. HER2+ tumor bearing mice (female NU/J) (N=34) were treated with saline, 10 mg/kg of trastuzumab, 5 or 10 Gy of radiation, or combination treatment. Tumor size was measured three times per week for four weeks via caliper measurements. Additional mice (N=13) were treated with 10 mg/kg of trastuzumab, 5 Gy of radiation, or combination treatment. Tumors were harvested at one week and evaluated with immunohistochemistry for inflammation (CD45), vascularity (CD31 and α-SMA), and hypoxia (pimonidazole). Results: Altering the order of therapies did not significantly affect BT474 cell proliferation in vitro (P>0.05). The interaction index calculations revealed additive effects of trastuzumab and radiation treatment in all three cell lines in vitro. In vivo results revealed significant differences in tumor response between mice treated with 5 and 10 Gy single agent radiation (P < 0.001); however, no difference was seen in the combination groups when trastuzumab was added to the radiation regimen (P=0.56), indicating a lower dose of radiation could be used without decreasing therapeutic efficacy. Histology results revealed increases in inflammation (CD45+) in mice receiving trastuzumab (P<0.05). Conclusions: Longitudinal evaluation of cell proliferation in vitro showed additive effects of combination therapy. In vivo results show a potential to achieve the same efficacy of treatment with reduced radiation when also administering trastuzumab. Further evaluation of tumor microenvironmental alterations during treatment could identify mechanisms of increased therapeutic efficacy in this regimen.
Finite Element Analysis of Stability of Internal Fixation Reconstruction Methods for Lumbar Total Vertebral Resection
Authors: Wan Shengcheng , Wu Zhaoyi , Cao Yuanwu , Jiang Xiaoxing , Chen Zixian , Feng Zhenzhou , Jiang Chun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective To compare the effect of different fixation methods on spinal stability after total en bloc spondylectomy(TES) of lumbar spine.Method The finite element models were established based on the CT scan of a healthy volunteer. After the validity of the models was confirmed, the models with different posterior fixation methods of the lumbar spine were established with and without the artificial vertebral body, respectively. The motions of flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation under supine and standing conditions were simulated. The angular displacement of T11-L3 and stress of internal fixations were compared and analyzed.Results The finite element models of spinal reconstruction after TES were obtained. When the anterior support existed, the movement of the spine after TES was not affected by the gravity of the upper body. The movements in the opposite direction on the same plane were similar. All three methods provided enough stability to the spine. The improved short-segment fixation shared stress of the artificial vertebral body with no obvious negative effect. The long-segment fixation had stronger fixation effect with the huge loss of the range of motion of lumbar spine. When the anterior support failed, obvious rotation showed in lateral bending in all models. The short-segment fixation and the long-segment fixation failed to maintain the spinal stability with fixations breakage or functional loss. The improved short-segment fixations showed strong ability in maintaining the spinal stability. The vertebral body screws can prevent the failure of anterior fixation by sharing great stress of the whole internal fixation system. The improved short-segment had huge advantages over the others.Conclusion After TES, the improved short-segment fixation can provide more stability to the spine. The vertebral body screws can prevent the failure of the internal fixation by reducing the stress of the anterior support. This fixation method should be promoted in clinical practice while the effect requires more observation.
Influenza Outbreak Among Students in Ghana: a Report From Three Time Points
Authors: Sylverken Augustina Angelina , Owusu Michael , Yeboah Richmond , El-Duah Philip , Gorman Richmond , Bonney Joseph Kofi , Aryeetey Sherihane , Adu Eric , Amoako Yaw Ampem , Adade Titus , Yeboah Eric , Bonney Joseph , Ayisi-Boateng Nana Kwame , Drosten Christian , Phillips Richard Odame , Owusu Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Influenza viruses are known to be responsible for a number of respiratory disease outbreaks worldwide. While there exists documented information on influenza which allows for effective strategic preparedness activities in industrialized countries, the same cannot be said of developing and underdeveloped countries. It therefore behoves on developing countries to document information on circulating strains of influenza. Such information will enable prioritization of prevention and more targeted preparedness strategies. In this paper, we report on three different outbreaks of Influenza A among Ghanaian students in December 2017, May 2019 and December 2019 in the Ashanti region of Ghana.Methods: Throat or nasal samples were collected with flocked swabs, stored in RNAlater and transported to the laboratories of Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research (KCCR) at ambient temperature. Following viral RNA extraction, detection of viral nucleic acid of both influenza A and its subtypes including H1N1 and H3N2 was done by real-time reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).Results: A total of 112 samples were taken. An overall Influenza A prevalence of 51.8% (95%CI = 42.1 – 61.3) was recorded during the three outbreak time points. Of these, 11 (9.8%) were confirmed to be H1N1 (pdm09) and 47 (42%) were H3N2 strains. All the 11 H1N1 (pdm09) were identified during the first outbreak. The H3N2 strains were identified during the second and third outbreaks in May 2019 and December 2019 respectively. Our results show that influenza A virus activity was highes during the months of November and December compared to May. Age, contact with infected subjects, temperature,fever within the last 24 hours and headaches showed significant variations (p-value <0.01) with respect to influenza A. Here, Wald’s test revealed that subjects presenting with headaches had about 5 times odds (95% CI = 1.4 - 17.7) for influenza A infection compared to subjects without headache (p = 0.014).Conclusion: Our study provides epidemiological information to better understand the incidence and burden of influenza to allow for prioritisation of prevention and control strategies. Such information would aid in controlling and preparing for future influenza epidemics.
Transcription Analysis of a Histones Modifiers Panel Coupled with Tumor Suppressor Genes Displayed Frequent Changes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Related Genes
Authors: Amiri Vahid , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Rafiee Mohammad , Ghezelbash Behrooz , Salari Sina , Farsani Mehdi allahbakhshian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Epigenetic alterations could cause leukemia through the activation of normally silent loci or silencing of normally active loci. We herein aimed to compare the expression patterns of a histone modifiers panel consisted of SUV39H1, PRDM16, UHRF2, KDM2B, and KDM3C between acute myeloid leukemia(AML) cells and normal cells and to assess the correlation of these genes with the expression of vital tumor suppressor genes, including p16INK4A and p53.Materials and methods Bone marrow or peripheral blood samples of 50 AML patients at diagnosis and also 18 subjects with a normal hematopoietic system as a control group were obtained after informed consent. Then, qRT-PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of the aforementioned genes. Results We found a broad alteration in the expression signature of five out of seven studied genes in AML patients as compared with the control group. UHRF2 and p53 were remarkably downregulated in AML patients (P < 0.001), while SUV39H1, PRDM16, and KDM3C significantly overexpressed (P< 0.01). Based on the Spearman rank correlation, SUV39H1, KDM2B, and age of the patients negatively regulated both p16INK4A and p53 expression. Conclusion Taken together, our findings provided preliminary evidence regarding the pervasive mRNA perturbation of histone modifiers and their plausible influences on critical tumor suppressor genes. Future studies in this area would be required to assist in establishing these results in the clinical practice of AML patients.
Performance Evaluation of Distributional Models to Analyze Random Right-Censored Breast Cancer Failure Time Data
Authors: Liaqat Madiha , Kamal Shahid , Fischer Florian , Fazil Waqas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Censoring frequently occurs in disease data analysis. Typically, non-parametric and semi-parametric methods are used to deal with different types of censored data. Distributional random right-censored failure time models on breast cancer data are employed to empirically find out a best-fitted model. A large number of studies are available on complete and disease-free survival time, but very few have focused on time to death from breast cancer recurrence.Methods In this retrospective study, we investigated the impact of factors related to breast cancer on cause-specific failure time. We included data from women who suffered from breast cancer as a primary disease and observed recurrence. Several factors related to breast cancer incidence and prognosis are studied. A multivariate accelerated failure time (AFT) model is used to evaluate the combined effect of study factors on death due to breast cancer.Results Univariate Weibull model showed that all factors included in the model have a strong association with breast cancer failure time. These factors are age at diagnosis, age at recurrence, molecular markers (estrogen, progesterone receptors, and Her2.neu), tumor grade, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The best model for right-censored breast cancer failure time data was a Weibull AFT, which was chosen by a stepwise backward selection.Conclusions The AFT model is the best choice for the analysis of time to failure data when hazards are non-proportional, as it provides efficient estimates and an estimate of the median failure time ratios.