bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental plan for tests with pea
Authors: Tartaglia Francieli de Lima , Lúcio Alessandro Dal'Col , Diel Maria Inês , Tischler André Luís , Krysczun Dionatan Ketzer , Zemolin João Alberto , Marques Lucas Encarnação 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCorrect experimental planning is important to obtain more reliable data with high experimental precision. In this way, the results obtained and the technical recommendations generated are more reliable and representative. Thus, the objective of this work is to estimate the plot and sample sizes and the number of repetitions for the variables (a) number of pods per plant and (b) mass of pods per plant for pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivation. Uniformity tests were carried in the years 2016, 2017, and 2018 in the experimental area of the Crop Science Department at Federal University of Santa Maria. The cultivar used was Pea Grain 40, which has an indeterminate growth habit, with a cycle of 75–90 d and a cylindrical pod. The plot size for evaluating the number of pods per plant and the mass of pods per plant for pea cultivation is eight and nine plants, respectively. The sample size for evaluating the number of pods per plant and the mass of pods per plant is eight plants in the direction of the line with a half‐width of the 20% confidence interval of the mean. For the variables number of pods per plant and pod mass per pea plant, 10 and 12 repetitions are required, respectively, to evaluate up to 20 treatments in a randomized block design and in the incomplete blocks design with up to 100 treatments for significant differences of 35% between treatment averages.
Luteolin as a modulator of skin aging and inflammation
Authors: Gendrisch Fabian , Esser Philipp R. , Schempp Christoph M. , Wölfle Ute 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLuteolin belongs to the group of flavonoids and can be found in flowers, herbs, vegetables and spices. It plays an important role in defending plants, for example against UV radiation by partially absorbing UVA and UVB radiation. Thus, luteolin can also decrease adverse photobiological effects in the skin by acting as a first line of defense. Furthermore, anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities of luteolin were described on keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as on several immune cells (e.g., macrophages, mast cell, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T cells). Luteolin can suppress proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐17, IL‐22, TNF‐α and COX‐2) and regulate various signaling pathway (e.g., the NF‐κB, JAK–STAT as well as TLR signaling pathway). In this way, luteolin modulates many inflammatory processes of the skin. The present review summarizes the recent in vitro and in vivo research on luteolin in the field of skin aging and skin cancer, wound healing as well as inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis, contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. In conclusion, luteolin might be a promising molecule for the development of topic formulations and systemic agents against inflammatory skin diseases.
Streamlining process characterization efforts using the high throughput ambr® crossflow system for ultrafiltration and diafiltration processing of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Fernandez‐Cerezo Lara , Benner Steven W. , Pollard Jennifer M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCommercial process development for biopharmaceuticals often involves process characterization (PC) studies to gain process knowledge and understanding in preparation for process validation. One common approach to conduct PC activities is by using design‐of‐experiment, which can help determine the impact process parameter deviations may have on product quality attributes. Qualified scale‐down systems are typically used to conduct these studies. For an ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) application, however, a traditional scale‐down still requires hundreds of milliliters of material per run and can only conduct one experiment at a time. This poses a challenge in resources as there could be 20+ experiments required for a typical UF/DF PC study. One solution to circumvent this is the use of high‐throughput systems, which enable parallel experimentation by only using a fraction of the resources. Sartorius Stedim Biotech has recently commercialized the ambr® crossflow high‐throughput system to meet this need. In this study, the performance of this system during a monoclonal antibody UF/DF step was first compared with a pilot‐ and a manufacturing‐scale tangential flow filtration (TFF) system at a single operating condition. Due to material limitations, it was then compared to only the pilot‐scale TFF system across wider ranges of transmembrane pressure; crossflow rate; and diafiltration concentration in a PC study. Permeate flux, aggregate content, process yield, pH/conductivity traces, retentate concentration, axial pressure drop, and turbidity values were measured at both scales. A good agreement was attained across scales, further supporting its potential use as a scale‐down system.
Class I histone deacetylase inhibition promotes CD8 T cell activation in ovarian cancer
Authors: McCaw Tyler R. , Goel Nidhi , Brooke Dewey J. , Katre Ashwini A. , Londoño Angelina I. , Smith Haller J. , Randall Troy D. , Arend Rebecca C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivePatients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) typically present with late‐stage disease, posing a significant challenge to treatment. Although taxane and platinum‐based chemotherapy plus surgical debulking are initially effective, EOC is marked by frequent recurrence with resistant disease. Immunotherapy represents an appealing treatment paradigm given the ability of immune cells to engage metastatic sites and impede recurrence; however, response rates to checkpoint blockade in ovarian cancer have been disappointing. Here, we tested whether class I HDAC inhibition can promote anti‐tumor T cell responses in a spontaneous and nonspontaneous murine model of EOC.MethodsWe used the spontaneous Tg‐MISIIR‐Tag and nonspontaneous ID8 models of murine ovarian cancer to test this hypothesis. Whole tumor transcriptional changes were assessed using the nCounter PanCancer Mouse Immune Profiling Panel. Changes in select protein expression of regulatory and effector T cells were measured by flow cytometry.ResultsWe found that treatment with the class I HDAC inhibitor entinostat upregulated pathways and genes associated with CD8 T cell cytotoxic function, while downregulating myeloid derived suppressor cell chemoattractants. Suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells within tumors and associated ascites was significantly reduced, reversing the CD8‐Treg ratio.ConclusionsOur findings suggest class I HDAC inhibition can promote activation of intratumoral CD8 T cells, potentially by compromising suppressive networks within the EOC tumor microenvironment. In this manner, class I HDAC inhibition might render advanced‐stage EOC susceptible to immunotherapeutic treatment modalities.
Short‐term effects of NTI‐tss and Michigan splint on nocturnal jaw muscle activity: A pilot study
Authors: Lukic Nenad , Saxer Timo , Hou Mei‐Yin , Zumbrunn Wojczyńska Aleksandra , Gallo Luigi M. , Colombo Vera 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesSleep bruxism is mostly assessed by reporting of tooth‐grinding or clenching during sleep and by clinical signs (tooth wear, cracks, or fractures). Parafunctional tooth damage is usually prevented by employing occlusal appliances mainly of the full arch covering type (Michigan splint) and of the partial type covering only central incisors (NTI‐tss). To date, the effects of occlusal appliances on sleep bruxism or jaw muscle activity during sleep are still controversial. The present study is a randomized controlled clinical trial that evaluated the effects of two different splint designs on jaw muscle activity in sleep bruxers otherwise healthy.Material and MethodsTen patients from a private dental practice were treated by a single operator. A Michigan splint and an NTI‐tss device were manufactured individually and used at random order. Electromyographic jaw muscle activity was recorded for four consecutive nights in the first, fourth, and seventh week with and without splint. Participants reported on splint comfort and side effects.ResultsMuscle activity decreased only while wearing the NTI‐tss device. Most patients preferred though the Michigan splint due to its greater wearing comfort.ConclusionsNTI‐tss devices proved more effective for the reduction of jaw muscle activity during sleep. The main advantage of the prefabricated NTI‐tss is its prompt availability in an acute phase of temporomandibular disorders associated with sleep bruxism. In long‐term therapies, patients should be informed of the possible risk of irreversible occlusal changes. Subjective preferences, wearing comfort, and costs should also be considered.
Effects of dapagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of DAPA‐HF
Authors: Dewan Pooja , Docherty Kieran F. , Bengtsson Olof , de Boer Rudolf A. , Desai Akshay S. , Drozdz Jaroslaw , Hawkins Nathaniel M. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Kitakaze Masafumi , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikail N. , Langkilde Anna Maria , Lindholm Daniel , Martinez Felipe A. , Merkely Béla , Petrie Mark C. , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Schou Morten , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Solomon Scott D. , Verma Subodh , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: December 2020

AimsChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important comorbidity in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), associated with worse outcomes and often suboptimal treatment because of under‐prescription of beta‐blockers. Consequently, additional effective therapies are especially relevant in patients with COPD. The aim of this study was to examine outcomes related to COPD in a post hoc analysis of the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse‐outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA‐HF) trial.Methods and resultsWe examined whether the effects of dapagliflozin in DAPA‐HF were modified by COPD status. The primary outcome was the composite of an episode of worsening HF or cardiovascular death. Overall, 585 (12.3%) of the 4744 patients randomized had a history of COPD. Patients with COPD were more likely to be older men with a history of smoking, worse renal function, and higher baseline N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide, and less likely to be treated with a beta‐blocker or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. The incidence of the primary outcome was higher in patients with COPD than in those without [18.9 (95% confidence interval 16.0–22.2) vs. 13.0 (12.1–14.0) per 100 person‐years; hazard ratio (HR) for COPD vs. no COPD 1.44 (1.21–1.72); P < 0.001]. The effect of dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, on the primary outcome, was consistent in patients with [HR 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.48–0.93)] and without COPD [0.76 (0.65–0.87); interaction P‐value 0.47].ConclusionsIn DAPA‐HF, one in eight patients with HFrEF had concomitant COPD. Participants with COPD had a higher risk of the primary outcome. The benefit of dapagliflozin on all pre‐specified outcomes was consistent in patients with and without COPD.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03036124.
Effects of orange peel powder on rheological properties of wheat dough and bread aging
Authors: Han Lihong , Zhang Jiajia , Cao Xiaohong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrange peels, the major byproduct of orange fruit processing, are a good material for functional food production because of their excellent physiological and health function. The effects of orange peel powder (OPP) on the rheological and reho‐fermentation properties of high‐gluten wheat dough and bread staling were investigated. The results showed that OPP significantly modified wheat dough characteristics and bread quality for its fiber, pectin and polyphenol content. Incorporation of OPP in wheat dough mainly caused competitive water absorption. It improved dough water absorption from 59.70% to 66.82% by increasing the development time (from 1.40 min to 4.51 min) and decreasing the retrogradation degree (from 1.01% to 0.68%) at a low content (no more than 5%) but showed adverse effects at higher content because of stronger gluten‐dilution action than excessive water sequestration of OPP. It strengthened the dough elasticity by increasing the value of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of dough samples at all contents, G′ and G″ value of dough sample containing 7% OPP was more than twice that of the wheat dough. Alveograph and rheofermentographic parameters confirmed that OPP improved the total volume of CO2 production from 1774.11 ml (wheat dough) to 2,458.30 ml (dough sample containing 7% OPP) but reduced the gas retention coefficient from 71.86% to 66.52% during fermentation accordingly. Additionally, no remarkable deterioration of the bread staling was observed. These results contributed to the interpretation of the action mechanism of OPP modification on the wheat dough structure and further guided the application of OPP on cereal product development.
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) for response evaluation of the neck after chemoradiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kishikawa Toshihiro , Suzuki Motoyuki , Takemoto Norihiko , Fukusumi Takahito , Michiba Takahiro , Hanamoto Atsushi , Tanaka Hidenori , Tatsumi Mitsuaki , Isohashi Fumiaki , Seo Yuji , Tamari Keisuke , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Inohara Hidenori 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn optimal approach to imaging assessment of neck after chemoradiotherapy must be established to avoid unnecessary neck dissection.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 101 patients and compared between Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), PET response criteria in solid tumors (PERCIST), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) qualitative assessment.ResultsPERCIST was superior to RECIST in positive predictive value (PPV; 47% vs. 36%), with equivalent negative predictive value (NPV; 78%). Only 3 of 15 patients with incomplete responses on either RECIST or PERCIST alone had regional treatment failure, and the combination of RECIST and PERCIST improved PPV (55%) without reducing NPV. This combination yielded the highest hazard ratio of regional treatment failure. The combination of RECIST and PET/CT qualitative assessment also improved PPV (50%). In human papillomavirus (HPV)–related oropharyngeal cancer, NPV was 100% across the imaging assessments, while PPV was poor (14%–33%).ConclusionsCombining RECIST and PERCIST might optimize decision making in neck management after chemoradiotherapy. HPV status would affect the accuracy of response evaluation.
Overexpression of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 7 Activates the Yes‐Associated Protein/NOTCH Cascade and Promotes Liver Carcinogenesis in Mice and Humans
Authors: Wang Haichuan , Song Xinhua , Liao Haotian , Wang Pan , Zhang Yi , Che Li , Zhang Jie , Zhou Yi , Cigliano Antonio , Ament Cindy , Superville Daphne , Ribback Silvia , Reeves Melissa , Pes Giovanni M. , Liang Binyong , Wu Hong , Evert Matthias , Calvisi Diego F. , Zeng Yong , Chen Xin 
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 7 is an antagonist of TGF‐β signaling. In the present investigation, we sought to determine the relevance of SMAD7 in liver carcinogenesis using in vitro and in vivo approaches.

Approach and Results
We found that SMAD7 is up‐regulated in a subset of human HCC samples with poor prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that SMAD7 expression correlates with activated yes‐associated protein (YAP)/NOTCH pathway and cholangiocellular signature genes in HCCs. These findings were substantiated in human HCC cell lines. In vivo, overexpression of Smad7 alone was unable to initiate HCC development, but it significantly accelerated c‐Myc/myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1)–induced mouse HCC formation. Consistent with human HCC data, c‐Myc/MCL1/Smad7 liver tumors exhibited an increased cholangiocellular gene expression along with Yap/Notch activation and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Intriguingly, blocking of the Notch signaling did not affect c‐Myc/MCL1/Smad7‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis while preventing cholangiocellular signature expression and EMT, whereas ablation of Yap abolished c‐Myc/MCL1/Smad7‐driven HCC formation. In mice overexpressing a myristoylated/activated form of AKT, coexpression of SMAD7 accelerated carcinogenesis and switched the phenotype from HCC to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) lesions. In human iCCA, SMAD7 expression was robustly up‐regulated, especially in the most aggressive tumors, and directly correlated with the levels of YAP/NOTCH targets as well as cholangiocellular and EMT markers.

Conclusions
The present data indicate that SMAD7 contributes to liver carcinogenesis by activating the YAP/NOTCH signaling cascade and inducing a cholangiocellular and EMT signature.
Stillbirths and the COVID‐19 pandemic: Looking beyond SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Kumar Manisha , Puri Manju , Yadav Reena , Biswas Ratna , Singh Meenakshi , Chaudhary Vidhi , Jaiswal Nishtha , Meena Deepika 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo study the impact of the COVID‐19 outbreak and subsequent lockdown on the incidence, associated causes, and modifiable factors of stillbirth.MethodsAn analytical case‐control study was performed comparing stillbirths from March to September 2020 (cases) and March to September 2019 (controls) in a tertiary care center in India. Modifiable factors were observed as level‐I, level‐II, and level‐III delays.ResultsA significant difference in the rate of stillbirths was found among cases (37.4/1000) and controls (29.9/1000) (P = 0.045). Abruption in normotensive women was significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P = 0.03). Modifiable factors or preventable causes were noted in 76.1% of cases and 59.6% of controls; the difference was highly significant (P < 0.001, relative risk [RR] 1.8). Level‐II delays or delays in reaching the hospital for delivery due to lack of transport were observed in 12.7% of cases compared to none in controls (P < 0.006, RR 47.7). Level‐III delays or delays in providing care at the facility were observed in 31.3% of cases and 11.5% of controls (P < 0.001, RR 2.7).ConclusionAlthough there was no difference in causes of stillbirth between cases and controls, level‐II and level‐III delays were significantly impacted by the pandemic, leading to a higher rate of preventable stillbirths in pregnant women not infected with COVID‐19.
The nucleotide prodrug CERC‐913 improves mtDNA content in primary hepatocytes from DGUOK‐deficient rats
Authors: Vanden Avond Mark A. , Meng Hui , Beatka Margaret J. , Helbling Daniel C. , Prom Mariah J. , Sutton Jessica L. , Slick Rebecca A. , Dimmock David P. , Pertusati Fabrizio , Serpi Michaela , Pileggi Elisa , Crutcher Patrick , Thomas Stephen , Lawlor Michael W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLoss‐of‐function mutations in the deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK) gene result in a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome. DGUOK plays an important role in converting deoxyribonucleosides to deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates via the salvage pathway for mtDNA synthesis. DGUOK deficiency manifests predominantly in the liver; the most common cause of death is liver failure within the first year of life and no therapeutic options are currently available. in vitro supplementation with deoxyguanosine or deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) were reported to rescue mtDNA depletion in DGUOK‐deficient, patient‐derived fibroblasts and myoblasts. CERC‐913, a novel ProTide prodrug of dGMP, was designed to bypass defective DGUOK while improving permeability and stability relative to nucleoside monophosphates. To evaluate CERC‐913 for its ability to rescue mtDNA depletion, we developed a primary hepatocyte culture model using liver tissue from DGUOK‐deficient rats. DGUOK knockout rat hepatocyte cultures exhibit severely reduced mtDNA copy number (~10%) relative to wild type by qPCR and mtDNA content remains stable for up to 8 days in culture. CERC‐913 increased mtDNA content in DGUOK‐deficient hepatocytes up to 2.4‐fold after 4 days of treatment in a dose‐dependent fashion, which was significantly more effective than dGMP at similar concentrations. These early results suggest primary hepatocyte culture is a useful model for the study of mtDNA depletion syndromes and that CERC‐913 treatment can improve mtDNA content in this model.
Miniaturize four‐port UWB‐MIMO antenna with tri‐notched band characteristics
Authors: Pannu Preeti , Sharma Devendra Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, a compact and high performance 4‐port ultra‐wideband multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is designed by using a novel technology which includes integration of four orthogonal octad‐shaped radiators, four D‐shaped ground planes, multi‐stub techniques and slot techniques. The overall size of the design is effectively miniaturized and the ultra‐wideband characteristics are achieved through feed line tapering and by inserting slot in the D‐shape ground structure. Moreover, tri‐band notch characteristics are achieved in the proposed design by embedding L‐shaped stubs in the octad radiating elements. This results in impedance bandwidth of 2.6‐12.2GHz with notched characteristics at bands ranging from 3‐3.7GHz, 5‐6GHz and 7.9‐8.3GHz. In addition, the antenna shows high isolation and good diversity performance in terms of Envelop Correlation coefficient, Diversity gain and Total active reflection coefficient. A good trade‐off of performance has achieved from the proposed design makes it best candidate for wireless communication applications.
Endometrial carcinoma: molecular subtypes, precursors and the role of pathology in early diagnosis
Authors: Huvila Jutta , Pors Jennifer , Thompson Emily F , Gilks C Blake 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEndometrial carcinoma (EC) is classified into a wide range of morphological variants; this list has expanded over the past decade with the inclusion of mesonephric‐like and dedifferentiated carcinoma as EC variants in the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Female Genital Tumours, and recognition that carcinosarcoma is a biphasic carcinoma rather than a sarcoma. Each EC variant has distinct molecular abnormalities, including TCGA‐based molecular subtypes, allowing further subclassification and adding complexity. In contrast to this rapid progress in understanding EC, there are only two recognized EC precursor lesions: endometrial atypical hyperplasia/endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (EAH/EIN) and serous intraepithelial carcinoma, a situation that has not changed for many years. Diagnosis of EC precursors is a cornerstone of surgical pathology practice, with early diagnosis contributing to the relatively favorable prognosis of EC. In this review we relate the precursor lesions to each of the EC morphological variants and molecular subtypes, discuss how successful early diagnosis is for each variant/molecular subtype and how it might be improved, and identify knowledge gaps where there is insufficient understanding of EC histogenesis. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.