bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Extent of Use of Online Utility Services in Punjab, India
Authors: Nayal Anupriya , Sharma Preeti 
Published: June 2020

Aim: To analyze the extent of use of online utility services.
Study Design: Descriptive survey research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Rural (Doraha and Sidhwan Bet block), peri-urban (Ayali Kalan, Sunet and Threeke villages of Ludhiana I block) and urban areas of Ludhiana district, between August 2018 to May 2019.
Methodology: Using a structured interview schedule, data was collected randomly from 180 respondents having sixty online utility service users each from rural, peri-urban and urban areas of Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. The statistical tools such as frequency distribution, percentage, arithmetic mean, category interval method, Kruskal Wallis H-test for k independent samples and cumulative cube root frequency method were used for the analysis of data along with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.
Results: Overall, higher percentage of the respondents had moderate to high extent of use of online utility services and were using them for bill payment, online/mobile banking, entertainment, online shopping and for other miscellaneous services.
Conclusion: Extent of use of different online utility services was comparatively higher among urban respondents.
Chemical Weed Management in Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Rice – Mustard Cropping System
Authors: Sharma Rupen , Gorain Jaladhar , Poddar Parthendu , Maitra Sagar , Pandey Manjil 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted at instructional farm Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya during kharif season, 2017 to find out a suitable chemical weed management practice in transplanted rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design having 12 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments were T1: Weedy check, T2: Weed free, T3: Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i ha-1 at 14 DAT, T4: Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 14 DAT, T5: Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT, T6: Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT, T7: Pretilachlor 0.60 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT + 2,4-D sodium salt 0.50 kg a.i ha-1 at 30 DAT, T8: Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT + 2,4-D sodium salt 0.50 kg a.i ha-1 at 30 DAT, T9: Metsulfuron methyl 20% WP @ 8 g a.i ha-1 at 14 DAT, T10: Pretilachlor 0.60 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT + Almix @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 at 21 DAT, T11: Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i ha-1 at 21 DAT and T12: Almix @ 20 g a.i ha-1 at 21 DAT. The rice variety used in the experiment was MTU 1075. It was observed that different herbicides treatments influenced weed control efficiency, weed index and yield components in transplanted rice. The highest number of filled grains (113.12 panicle-1), 1000 grain weight (22.90 g), grain yield (5.07 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.15 t ha-1) of rice was recorded with weed free (T2) treatment being at par with T11, T4, T3 and T10. In mustard, plots under weed free i.e. T2 treatment in rice performed the best in terms of every yield attribute viz. number of siliqua (77.00 plant-1), number of seeds (20.41siliqua-1), 1000 seed weight (3.14 g) as well as seed yield (1067.46 kg ha-1) and stover yield (2157.40 kg ha-1) being statistically at par with the plots under treatment T11 & plots under treatment T4. It can be concluded that the treatment comprising combination of pre-emergence & post-emergence herbicide like T11 i.e. Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 at 21 DAT or application of higher dose of efficient & highly effective post-emergent herbicide molecule like T4 i.e. Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 14 DAT can be opted for sufficient control of weeds in transplanted kharif paddy in terai zone of West Bengal to maximize the economic return.
Laparoscopic Partial Resection of the Urinary Bladder for Colorectal Cancers With Suspected Urinary Bladder Invasion
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichiro , Kanai Toshio , Osumi Koji , Yo Kikuo , Takano Kiminori , Tsutsui Mai , Nakanishi Ryo , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Kaneko Yasushi , Nakagawa Motohito 
Published: June 2020

Introduction
Although partial cystectomy has been performed by laparoscopy in patients with benign disease, there have only been a few reports regarding the laparoscopic partial resection of urinary bladder–adherent colorectal cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the short-term surgical outcomes of laparoscopic partial resection of urinary bladder–adherent colorectal cancer.

Case presentation
Between April 2014 and February 2017, 6 patients with colorectal cancers that were adherent to the urinary bladder underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection combined with partial cystectomy. Their surgical outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. The primary colorectal cancer was located in the sigmoid colon in 5 patients and the upper rectum in 1 patient. None of the patients required conversion to open surgery. The median duration of surgery was 411 minutes, and the median amount of intraoperative blood loss was 284 mL. In the patients with sigmoid colon cancer, the bladder was primarily closed under direct visualization via the small lower abdominal incision used to remove the tumor. In the patient with upper rectal cancer, the bladder was primarily closed laparoscopically. None of the patients demonstrated urinary leakage on retrograde cystography or anastomotic leakage, and there were no cases of perioperative mortality or morbidity. None of the patients developed recurrence of cancer at the median follow-up of 21 months.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic partial resection of urinary bladder–adherent colorectal cancer produces good short-term outcomes without increasing morbidity. Performing bladder closure under direct visualization via a small lower abdominal incision might be useful in selected patients.
Human salivary histatin‐1 (Hst1) promotes bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)‐induced osteogenesis and angiogenesis
Authors: Sun Ping , Shi Andi , Shen Chenxi , Liu Yi , Wu Gang , Feng Jianying 
Published: June 2020

Large‐volume bone defects can result from congenital malformation, trauma, infection, inflammation and cancer. At present, it remains challenging to treat these bone defects with clinically available interventions. Allografts, xenografts and most synthetic materials have no intrinsic osteoinductivity, and so an alternative approach is to functionalize the biomaterial with osteoinductive agents, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Because it has been previously demonstrated that human salivary histatin‐1 (Hst1) promotes endothelial cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis, we examine here whether Hst1 can promote BMP2‐induced bone regeneration. Rats were given subcutaneous implants of absorbable collagen sponge membranes seeded with 0, 50, 200 or 500 μg Hst1 per sample and 0 or 2 μg BMP2 per sample. At 18 days postsurgery, rats were sacrificed, and implanted regional tissue was removed for micro computed tomography (microCT) analyses of new bone (bone volume, trabecular number and trabecular separation). Four samples per group were decalcified and subjected to immunohistochemical staining to analyze osteogenic and angiogenic markers. We observed that Hst1 increased BMP2‐induced new bone formation in a dose‐dependent manner. Co‐administration of 500 μg Hst1 and BMP2 resulted in the highest observed bone volume and trabecular number, the lowest trabecular separation and the highest expression of osteogenic markers and angiogenic markers. Our results suggest that coadministration of Hst1 may enhance BMP2‐induced osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and thus may have potential for development into a treatment for large‐volume bone defects.
Reimagining Flow Cytometric Cell Sorting
Authors: Jayasinghe Suwan N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this review, a brief history of this unrivaled technology, flow cytometry, is provided, highlighting its past and present advances, with particular focus on “flow cell” technologies. Flow cytometry has truly revolutionized high‐throughput single cell analysis, which has tremendous implications, from laboratory to the clinic. This technology embodies what is truly referred to as cross fertile research, merging the physical with the life sciences. This review introduces the recent notable advancements in flow cell technology. This advancement sees the complete removal of liquid sheath flow, which has advanced the technology with the possibility of both the reduction in its foot print, while also simplifying the flow cells explored in cytometry. Interestingly, the novel sheathless flow cell technology demonstrated herein has the flexibility for handling both heterogeneous cell populations and whole organisms, thus demonstrating a versatile flow cell technology for both flow cytometry and fluorescent‐activated cell sorting.
Pb‐Based Halide Perovskites: Recent Advances in Photo(electro)catalytic Applications and Looking Beyond
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Ong Wee‐Jun , Shi Zuhao , Zhao Xiujian , Li Neng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhoto(electro)catalysis has triggered ripples of excitement in environmental protection and energy conversion due to its potential applications in the degradation of organic pollutants, evolution of H2 and O2 from H2O splitting, and reduction of CO2 by utilizing solar energy. Over the past three years, halide perovskites, which render extraordinary charge transport capability in solar cells, have witnessed a burgeoning development in photocatalysis over the conventional oxide perovskites. This type of perovskite demonstrates a small surface area, limited light utilization, and high carrier recombination, resulting in inadequate reactant contact on catalyst surfaces and decreased catalytic activity. In this review, the progress of halide perovskites is presented starting from fundamental properties (i.e., synthesis and structure) to applications in light‐driven reactions with the focus on crystal dimensions, toxicity, and stability. In addition, computational studies on halide perovskites from electronic properties to catalytic mechanisms are presented to lay a foundation for future research and advancement in this field. Last, critical insights are provided into the existing limitations and favorable prospects for halide perovskites.
Improved AIE‐Active Probe with High Sensitivity for Accurate Uranyl Ion Monitoring in the Wild Using Portable Electrochemiluminescence System for Environmental Applications
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Pan Jianbin , Li Qian , Zhou Yi , Yang Sen , Xu Jing‐Juan , Hua Daoben 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of highly sensitive and selective uranyl ion (UO22+) probes has attracted significant attention owing to the threat to human health caused by high toxicity, radioactivity, and long half‐life. Herein, the development of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) active polymer dots (Pdots) is described for an accurate UO22+ monitoring using a portable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system. An AIE‐active polymer containing tetraphenylethene and boron ketoiminate moieties is prepared into Pdots and modified with ssDNA to capture UO22+, which can amplify the ECL signal of the Pdots through a resonance energy transfer mechanism. This probe provides an ultralow detection limit of 10.6 pm/2.5 ppt, which is at least two orders of magnitude lower than the known UO22+ luminescent probes. Only UO22+ can provide an obvious ECL enhancement among the various metal ions, indicating the excellent selectivity of this probe. Furthermore, a portable ECL analyzer is designed to realize UO22+ measurements in the wild. The anodic ECL mechanism of UO22+ is discovered and ECL technology is first applied in monitoring radioactive substances. This study provides a novel strategy for the development of accurate UO22+ probes and a practical UO22+ monitoring method, indicating its potential application in the environmental and energy fields.
A Surface Chemistry Approach to Tailoring the Hydrophilicity and Lithiophilicity of Carbon Films for Hosting High‐Performance Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Tao Lei , Hu Anyang , Yang Zhijie , Xu Zhengrui , Wall Candace E. , Esker Alan R. , Zheng Zhifeng , Lin Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPorous carbon scaffolds can host lithium (Li) metal anodes to potentially enable stable Li metal batteries. However, the poor Li metal wettability on the carbon surface has inhibited the uniform distribution of metallic Li on most carbon scaffolds. Herein, this work reports a lithiophilic top layer through mild surface ozonolysis and ammoniation methods can universally facilitate the infiltration of liquid Li metal into most carbon matrices. Based on this finding, thin, a lightweight Li@carbon film (CF) composite anode with a high practical capacity of 3222 mAh g−1 and suppressed volume expansion and dendrite formation is reported. It is observed that the deep stripping/plating pre‐cycling yields dense, trunky Li metal in the Li@CF composite, which allows for favorable long‐term cycling performance. The full cell combining the thin Li@CF composite anode and a high‐mass‐loading, cobalt‐free cathode can deliver high reversible capacity, good cycle stability, and good rate capability in the conventional carbonate electrolyte. The present study further establishes the relationship between lithiophilicity and hydrophilicity for carbon materials as well as provides insights into improving the liquid Li metal infiltration into other carbon scaffolds.
Recent Developments and Practical Feasibility of Polymer‐Based Antifouling Coatings
Authors: Maan Anna M. C. , Hofman Anton H. , de Vos Wiebe M. , Kamperman Marleen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile nature has optimized its antifouling strategies over millions of years, synthetic antifouling coatings have not yet reached technological maturity. For an antifouling coating to become technically feasible, it should fulfill many requirements: high effectiveness, long‐term stability, durability, ecofriendliness, large‐scale applicability, and more. It is therefore not surprising that the search for the perfect antifouling coating has been going on for decades. With the discovery of metal‐based antifouling paints in the 1970s, fouling was thought to be a problem of the past, yet its untargeted toxicity led to serious ecological concern, and its use became prohibited. As a response, research shifted focus toward a biocompatible alternative: polymer‐based antifouling coatings. This has resulted in numerous advanced and innovative antifouling strategies, including fouling‐resistant, fouling‐release, and fouling‐degrading coatings. Here, these novel and exciting discoveries are highlighted while simultaneously assessing their antifouling performance and practical feasibility.
Hexagonal Boron Nitride–Enhanced Optically Transparent Polymer Dielectric Inks for Printable Electronics
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxi , Ng Leonard W. T. , Hu Guohua , Wu Tien‐Chun , Um Doo‐Seung , Macadam Nasiruddin , Hasan Tawfique 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSolution‐processable thin‐film dielectrics represent an important material family for large‐area, fully‐printed electronics. Yet, in recent years, it has seen only limited development, and has mostly remained confined to pure polymers. Although it is possible to achieve excellent printability, these polymers have low (≈2–5) dielectric constants (εr). There have been recent attempts to use solution‐processed 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) as an alternative. However, the deposited h‐BN flakes create porous thin‐films, compromising their mechanical integrity, substrate adhesion, and susceptibility to moisture. These challenges are addressed by developing a “one‐pot” formulation of polyurethane (PU)‐based inks with h‐BN nano‐fillers. The approach enables coating of pinhole‐free, flexible PU+h‐BN dielectric thin‐films. The h‐BN dispersion concentration is optimized with respect to exfoliation yield, optical transparency, and thin‐film uniformity. A maximum εr ≈ 7.57 is achieved, a two‐fold increase over pure PU, with only 0.7 vol% h‐BN in the dielectric thin‐film. A high optical transparency of ≈78.0% (≈0.65% variation) is measured across a 25 cm2 area for a 10 μm thick dielectric. The dielectric property of the composite is also consistent, with a measured areal capacitance variation of <8% across 64 printed capacitors. The formulation represents an optically transparent, flexible thin‐film, with enhanced dielectric constant for printed electronics.
In Situ Grown MWCNTs/MXenes Nanocomposites on Carbon Cloth for High‐Performance Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Rui , Ali Mumtaz , Lee Haiwon , Ko Min Jae 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOwing to their large surface‐area‐to‐volume ratios, 2D titanium carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have emerged as promising materials for energy storage devices. However, poor interlayer and interparticle conductivity of MXenes (due to its anisotropic nature) is a bottleneck for widening their applications. Additionally, the stacked structure of MXene sheets limits the exposed surface area and renders a complex electrolyte diffusion. To address these issues, a unique composite comprising of homogeneously grown multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on carbon cloth (CC)‐supported MXene sheets (denoted as MWCNTs‐MXene@CC) is proposed. The MWCNTs‐MXene@CC reveal the synergistic combination of exfoliated large surface area and excellent conductivity. Consequently, the fabricated electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 114.58 mF cm−2 at a discharge current of 1 mA cm−2, while maintaining high retention after 1.6 × 104 cycles at 10 mA cm−2. Such high performance of the composite structure is attributed to the superb interlayer and interparticle conductivity imparted by the grown MWCNTs. Furthermore, the grown MWCNTs also serve as the interlayer pillar in MXene sheets, thus preventing the spontaneous collapse of the latter. The approach can be extended to other electrocatalyst systems in which ion transport and electrolyte diffusion need to be addressed simultaneously.
Designing Multi‐Level Resistance States in Graphene Ferroelectric Transistors
Authors: Hassanpour Amiri Morteza , Heidler Jonas , Müllen Klaus , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Asadi Kamal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConventional memory elements code information in the Boolean “0” and “1” form. Devices that exceed bistability in their resistance are useful as memory for future data storage due to their enhanced memory capacity, and are also a necessity for contemporary applications such as neuromorphic computing. Here, with the aid of an experimentally validated device model, design rules are outlined and more than two stable resistance states in a graphene ferroelectric field‐effect transistor are experimentally demonstrated. The design methodology can be extrapolated for on‐demand introduction of multiple resistance states in ferroelectric transistors for applications both in data storage and neuromorphic computing.
Self‐Powered Multifunctional Triboelectric Sensor Based on PTFE/PU for Linear, Rotary, and Vibration Motion Sensing
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Zhang Fengduo , Li Na , Yao Tao , Lv Dianli , Cao Guanlong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSensors used in the Internet of Things (IoT) should be cost‐effective and easy to maintain. Triboelectric sensors made of polymers have good development prospects. Herein, a self‐powered multifunctional motion sensor (MMS) is proposed to sense the speed, acceleration, and direction of linear and rotational motions, and detect the frequency of vibration. The MMS comprises a polyurethane (PU) ball encapsulated in a 3D‐printed cylindrical shell, the inner walls of which are lined with Cu electrodes coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. The scanning electron microscopy results show that the surface area of the PU ball can be effectively increased through wet etching with sulfuric acid. The charge transfer law is analyzed and simulated using the finite element method. The finite element simulation and experimental results prove that the MMS exhibits a good sensing performance. The MMS is successfully applied to the motion detection of a self‐balancing scooter and human activity state. It can also detect small vibrations and rotational speed. The proposed MMS has broad application prospects in the field of IoT.
Differential Monocyte Actuation in a Three‐Organ Functional Innate Immune System‐on‐a‐Chip
Authors: Sasserath Trevor , Rumsey John W. , McAleer Christopher W. , Bridges Lee Richard , Long Christopher J. , Elbrecht Daniel , Schuler Franz , Roth Adrian , Bertinetti‐LaPatki Christina , Shuler Michael L. , Hickman James J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA functional, human, multiorgan, pumpless, immune system‐on‐a‐chip featuring recirculating THP‐1 immune cells with cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle, and liver in separate compartments in a serum‐free medium is developed. This in vitro platform can emulate both a targeted immune response to tissue‐specific damage, and holistic proinflammatory immune response to proinflammatory compound exposure. The targeted response features fluorescently labeled THP‐1 monocytes selectively infiltrating into an amiodarone‐damaged cardiac module and changes in contractile force measurements without immune‐activated damage to the other organ modules. In contrast to the targeted immune response, general proinflammatory treatment of immune human‐on‐a‐chip systems with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) causes nonselective damage to cells in all three‐organ compartments. Biomarker analysis indicates upregulation of the proinflammation cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, MIP‐1, MCP‐1, and RANTES in response to LPS + IFN‐γ treatment indicative of the M1 macrophage phenotype, whereas amiodarone treatment only leads to an increase in the restorative cytokine IL‐6 which is a marker for the M2 phenotype. This system can be used as an alternative to humanized animal models to determine direct immunological effects of biological therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and gene therapies, and the indirect effects caused by cytokine release from target tissues in response to a drug's pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) profile.
Regulating the Hidden Solvation‐Ion‐Exchange in Concentrated Electrolytes for Stable and Safe Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Amine Rachid , Liu Jianzhao , Acznik Ilona , Sheng Tian , Lota Katarzyna , Sun Hui , Sun Cheng‐Jun , Fic Krzysztof , Zuo Xiaobing , Ren Yang , EI‐Hady Deia Abd , Alshitari Wael , Al‐Bogami Abdullah S. , Chen Zonghai , Amine Khalil , Xu Gui‐Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are attractive for automobile and grid applications due to their high theoretical energy density and the abundance of sulfur. Despite the significant progress in cathode development, lithium metal degradation and the polysulfide shuttle remain two critical challenges in the practical application of Li–S batteries. Development of advanced electrolytes has become a promising strategy to simultaneously suppress lithium dendrite formation and prevent polysulfide dissolution. Here, a new class of concentrated siloxane‐based electrolytes, demonstrating significantly improved performance over the widely investigated ether‐based electrolytes are reported in terms of stabilizing the sulfur cathode and Li metal anode as well as minimizing flammability. Through a combination of experimental and computational investigation, it is found that siloxane solvents can effectively regulate a hidden solvation‐ion‐exchange process in the concentrated electrolytes that results from the interactions between cations/anions (e.g., Li+, TFSI−, and S2−) and solvents. As a result, it could invoke a quasi‐solid‐solid lithiation and enable reversible Li plating/stripping and robust solid‐electrolyte interphase chemistries. The solvation‐ion‐exchange process in the concentrated electrolytes is a key factor in understanding and designing electrolytes for other high‐energy lithium metal batteries.