bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional crosstalk between mTORC1/p70S6K pathway and heterochromatin organization in stress-induced senescence of MSCs
Authors: Liu Hailong , Huang Biao , Xue Shaolong , U Kin Pong , Tsang Lai Ling , Zhang Xiaohu , Li Gang , Jiang Xiaohua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Stem cell senescence has been proposed as one of the major drivers of aging, and MSC senescence contributes to aging-related diseases. Activation of mTORC1 pathway and heterochromatin organization have been characterized as two characteristics of senescent cells; however, whether mTORC1 pathway interacts with heterochromatin organization and contributes to MSC senescence remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the interaction between heterochromatin organization and mTORC1/p70S6K pathway in stress-induced MSC senescence.

Methods
The stress-induced senescence models were established in human umbilical cord-derived MSCs by doxorubicin (Dox) or H2O2. Cellular senescence was evaluated by β-Gal activity, upregulation of cell cycle suppressor genes, and expression of SASP. Activation of heterochromatin organization and mTORC1 pathway was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. A D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced aging model was established in rats to evaluate the crosstalk between heterochromatin and mTORC1 pathway in vivo.

Results
We found that heterochromatin organization was provoked at the early stage of Dox- or H2O2-induced senescence. Disruption of heterochromatin organization led to robust DNA damage response and exacerbated cellular senescence. Suppression of mTORC1/p70S6K pathway by either rapamycin or p70S6K knockdown promoted heterochromatin organization and ameliorated Dox- or H2O2-induced DNA damage and senescence. In contrast, direct activation of mTORC1 by MHY1485 impaired heterochromatin organization and aggravated stress-induced senescence. Moreover, concomitant activation of mTORC1 pathway and heterochromatin organization was found in D-galactose-induced osteoporosis model in rats. Rapamycin alleviated cellular senescence and promoted heterochromatin organization in BMSCs derived from D-galactose-treated rats.

Conclusions
Altogether, our study indicates the existence of a complex interplay between the mTORC1/p70S6K pathway and the heterochromatin organization during stress-induced MSC senescence, with important implications for the understanding of aging as well as for its prevention and treatment.
Population structure, genetic diversity and pathotypes of Streptococcus suis isolated during the last 13 years from diseased pigs in Switzerland
Authors: Scherrer Simone , Rosato Giuliana , Spoerry Serrano Nathalie , Stevens Marc J. A. , Rademacher Fenja , Schrenzel Jacques , Gottschalk Marcelo , Stephan Roger , Peterhans Sophie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStreptococcus (S.) suis is a globally important swine pathogen, which comprises certain zoonotic serotypes. In this study, a detailed characterization of 88 porcine S. suis isolates was performed by analyzing capsular (cps) types, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and investigation of the minimum core genome (MCG). In order to focus on the virulence potential of presumable invasive disease-associated S. suis isolates, virulence-associated gene profiles were assessed followed by screening a chosen subset of S. suis strains with a molecular pathotyping tool. Results showed a high genetic variability within this strain collection. In total, seventeen cps types were identified with a predominance of cps type 9 (15.9%) and 6 (14.8%). MLST revealed 48 sequence types (STs) including 41 novel ones. The population structure of S. suis was heterogenous and isolates belonged to eight different clonal complexes (CCs) including CC28 (9.1%), CC1109 (8%), CC13/149 (6.8%), CC1237 (5.7%), CC1 (3.4%), CC17 (3.4%), CC87 (2.3%), and CC1112 (1.1%), whereas a significant portion of isolates (60.2%) could not be assigned to any described CCs. Virulence-associated markers, namely extracellular protein factor (epf), muramidase-released protein (mrp), and suilysin (sly), showed a link with STs rather than with cps types. With this study an expanded knowledge about the population structure and the genetic diversity of S. suis could be achieved, which helps to contribute to an optimal public health surveillance system by promoting a focus on strains with an increased virulence and zoonotic potential.
Ultrasound guidance and risk for intravascular catheter-related infections among peripheral arterial catheters: a post-hoc analysis of two large randomized-controlled trials
Authors: Buetti Niccolò , Ruckly Stéphane , Lucet Jean-Christophe , Bouadma Lila , Schwebel Carole , Mimoz Olivier , Timsit Jean-François 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The impact on infectious risk of ultrasound guidance at insertion remains controversial in short-term arterial catheters (ACs). The present study investigated the association between ultrasound guidance (US) during AC insertion and major catheter-related infections (MCRI), catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI) or colonization, using univariate and multivariate marginal Cox model for clustered data. The skin colonization at catheter removal was evaluated to explain our results.

Results
We used individual data from two multicenter randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) that included a total of 3029 patients, 10 ICUs and 3950 ACs. US guidance was used for 386 (9.8%) catheter placements. In the univariate Cox model analysis, AC insertion with US versus without US exhibited similar risks for MCRI (HR 0.86, CI 95% 0.27–2.72, p = 0.79), CR-BSI (HR 0.87, CI 95% 0.20–3.72, p = 0.85) and catheter colonization (HR 1.31, CI 95% 0.92–1.86, p = 0.13). After adjustment on confounders, risks associated with US guidance remained similar versus non-US for MCRI (HR 0.71, CI 95% 0.23–2.24, p = 0.56), CR-BSI (HR 0.71, CI 95% 0.17–3.00, p = 0.63) and catheter colonization (HR 0.92, CI 95% 0.63–1.34, p = 0.67). No differences between US and non-US for MCRI, CR-BSI and colonization were observed according to the insertion site, radial or femoral. At catheter removal, the skin colonization was similar between US and non-US groups (p = 0.69).

Conclusions
Using the largest dataset ever collected from large multi-centric RCTs conducted with relatively consistent insertion and maintenance catheter protocols, we showed that the risk of infectious complications for ACs inserted under US guidance is not superior compared to those inserted without US guidance.
Trial registration These studies were registered within ClinicalTrials.gov (numbers NCT01629550 and NCT 01189682).
Local infiltration of tramadol as an effective strategy to reduce post-operative pain: a systematic review protocol and meta-analysis
Authors: Passavanti Maria Beatrice , Piccinno Giacomo , Alfieri Aniello , Di Franco Sveva , Sansone Pasquale , Mangoni Giuseppe , Pota Vincenzo , Aurilio Caterina , Pace Maria Caterina , Fiore Marco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the use and effectiveness of the local administration of tramadol in reducing post-operative pain during surgical interventions.

Methods
The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases will be searched for this review. This systematic review will include studies evaluating the clinical efficacy of the local infiltration of tramadol, with no study design restrictions. Only studies that present clear descriptions of local tramadol administration are published in peer-reviewed journals in the English, Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese or German language and are published in full will be taken into consideration. A meta-analysis will be performed when there is sufficient clinical homogeneity among the retrieved studies, and only randomized controlled studies and quasi-randomized controlled studies will be included. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to assess the certainty in the evidence. If a quantitative analysis cannot be conducted, a qualitative description of the results of the retrieved studies will be provided.

Results
A high-quality synthesis of the current evidence on the local administration of tramadol for managing post-surgical pain will be illustrated using subjective reports and objective measures of performance. The primary outcomes will include the magnitude of post-operative pain intensity improvement, with improvement being as defined by a reduction by at least 2 points in the visual analogue scale (VAS) score or numerical rating scale (NRS) score. The secondary outcomes will be the magnitude of reduction in tramadol rescue doses and in other analgesic drug doses.

Conclusion
This protocol will present evidence on the efficacy of tramadol in relieving post-surgical pain.

Systemic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42018087381
Volcanological challenges to understanding explosive large-scale eruptions
Authors: Geshi Nobuo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn explosive eruption, associated with the formation of a large ignimbrite sheet and collapsed caldera, is the most severe volcanic disaster on Earth. As modern society has little experience with natural disasters triggered by such events, the integration of volcanological knowledge from geological, petrological, geochemical, and geophysical disciplines is necessary for risk assessment and hazard management planning of large-scale explosive eruptions. Here, I review current volcanological attempts at revealing the mechanisms underlying large-scale explosive eruptions to highlight future objectives. The detection of massive magma storage regions with the potential to generate large-scale explosive eruptions should be the first objective of risk evaluation and assessment for caldera-forming eruption scenarios. This detection requires the development of geophysical techniques used for structural exploration. Geochemical and petrological explorations of leaked gas and magma during precursory eruptions can be useful for investigating the state of a body of underground magma. Evaluation of the eruptibility of a magma chamber is also important for risk assessment, as is the estimation of the timescales of magma accumulation. Defining the triggers that destabilize large volume magma chambers that serve as zones of long-term storage is crucial for being able to provide short-term alerts. Petrological investigations of the magmatic products from past large-scale explosive eruptions are a key tool for such a goal. Modeling the distribution of erupted material, such as huge ignimbrite sheets and co-ignimbrite ash fall, is also crucial for risk assessment of large-scale explosive eruptions. Advancing the understanding of the mechanisms and effects of large-scale explosive eruptions requires development in various fields of volcanology along with the integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines, thus promoting progress and interaction across various areas of volcanology and science and technology.
Absence of instabilities and intra-prosthetic dislocations at 7 to 11 years following THA using a fourth-generation cementless dual mobility acetabular cup
Authors: Chouteau Julien , Rollier Jean-Charles , Bonnin Michel P. , Saffarini Mo , Nover Luca , Chatelet Jean-Christophe , Jacquot Laurent 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Dual-mobility (DM) cups are increasingly used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) but there lacks literature on their long-term results. We aimed to investigate outcomes of a fourth-generation cementless DM acetabular cup at 7–11 years.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 240 consecutive hips that received cementless THA using the same dual mobility cup (Novae Sunfit TH) and femoral stem (Corail). Patients were recalled at ≥7 years to collect Oxford hip scores (OHS), Harris hip scores (HHS), and inspect for radiolucent lines and granulomas. Multi-variable analyses were performed to determine whether HHS or OHS were associated with pre- or intra-operative variables.

Results
At 8.4 ± 0.8 years (range, 7–11), 6 hips were revised (2.5%), 54 deceased (22.5%), and 14 could not be reached (5.8%). Four revisions (2 cup+stem, 2 liners only) were due to sepsis (1.7%), one (cup and stem) for trauma (0.4%), and one (stem) due to aseptic loosening (0.4%). For the remaining 166 hips, HHS was 83.6 ± 13.2 and OHS was 20.3 ± 6.7. Multi-variable analysis confirmed that HHS (β = − 0.38; p = 0.039) and OHS (β = 0.36; p < 0.001) worsened with age, and that OHS was worse for Charnley C patients (β = 3.17; p = 0.009). Neither granulomas nor radiolucenies were observed around any cups, but radiolucenies were seen around 25 stems (20.3%).

Conclusions
This fourth-generation DM cup demonstrated satisfactory outcomes at 7–11 years, with no instabilities or cup revisions due to aseptic loosening. Better OHS was observed for younger patients and those presenting higher Charnley grade.

Level of evidence
Level IV, retrospective case study.
Effect of different kinematics and operational temperature on cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary NiTi systems
Authors: Ismail Amira Galal , Galal Manar , Nagy Mohamed Mokhtar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different kinematics and operational temperature on cyclic fatigue resistance of Protaper Next, WaveOne Gold, and Twisted File Adaptive files in a static model.

Methodology
An artificial canal, made of stainless steel with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, a 60° angle of curvature, and a curvature radius of 2 mm, was used for the cyclic fatigue test immersed in a water bath for temperature adjustment (37 °C and 20 °C). A total of 120 files were divided into three groups according to the type of motion continuous rotation motion (CRM), adaptive motion (AM), and reciprocation motion (RM). Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups according to the operational temperature (37 °C and 20 °C), All instruments were operated until fracture occurred, and the time to fracture was recorded in seconds. Mean number of cycles to failure and standard deviations were calculated for each group, and data were analyzed statistically using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (P ≤ 0.05).

Results
The continuous rotation motion exhibited significantly lower cyclic fatigue resistance than reciprocating or adaptive motion (p ≤ 0.001) at 37 °C and 20 °C.

Conclusions
Cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi files was affected by the motion used during root canal preparation. Reciprocation motion and adaptive motion resulted in extended fatigue. The operational temperature affects the cyclic fatigue resistance of the twisted file.
Comparison of Pupillometry With Surgical Pleth Index Monitoring on Perioperative Opioid Consumption and Nociception During Propofol–Remifentanil Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Jong Hae , Jwa Eun Kyung , Choung Youjin , Yeon Hyo Jin , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Eugene 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
Intraoperative monitoring with pupillometry has shown promising results for nociception/antinociception balance monitoring. However, its benefits in clinical practice remain unproven. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative pupillometry monitoring on intraoperative opioid consumption and postoperative pain compared to surgical pleth index (SPI), another widely investigated monitoring.

METHODS:
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I–II patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. This prospective, parallel-arm, single-center study was conducted in 2 steps. First, we evaluated the feasibility of using pupillometry and SPI monitoring compared with conventional hemodynamic monitoring. Next, a parallel-arm, double-blind randomized study compared the peak postoperative pain measured with numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0 (no pain) to 10 (extreme pain) as a primary outcome between pupillometry (pupillometry group, n = 43) and SPI monitoring (SPI group, n = 43) using Mann-Whitney U test. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative remifentanil consumption, postoperative opioid responsiveness (a decrease in NRS by ≥1 after fentanyl administrations), number of analgesic administrations, and opioid-related complications.

RESULTS:
In the preliminary study (n = 50), remifentanil consumption was less under pupillometry monitoring compared to SPI monitoring, and peak postoperative pain was lower under pupillometry compared to conventional monitoring. In the main study (n = 86), peak postoperative pain and intraoperative remifentanil consumption were lower in the pupillometry group (median [first to third quartile], 5 [4–6]; mean ± standard deviation [SD], 0.078 ± 0.019 μg·kg−1·minute−1) compared to the SPI group (7 [5–8] and 0.0130 ± 0.051 μg·kg−1·minute−1; P < .001), with the median difference in peak postoperative pain of −1 and its 95% confidence interval between −2 and −0.5. The pupillometry group had better responsiveness to fentanyl (84.6% vs 61.0%; P = .005) and lower number of analgesic administrations (2 [1–2] vs 2 [1–3]; P = .048) compared to the SPI group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Intraoperative pupillometry monitoring reduced intraoperative remifentanil consumption and postoperative pain. It may be an alternative option for intraoperative opioid control under general anesthesia in adult patients.
Willingness-to-pay for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study in Aceh
Authors: Mudatsir Mudatsir , Anwar Samsul , Fajar Jonny Karunia , Yufika Amanda , Ferdian Muhammad N. , Salwiyadi Salwiyadi , Imanda Aga S. , Azhars Roully , Ilham Darul , Timur Arya U. , Sahputri Juwita , Yordani Ricky , Pramana Setia , Rajamoorthy Yogambigai , Wagner Abram L. , Jamil Kurnia F. , Harapan Harapan 
Published: July 2020

Background: Some Ebola vaccines have been developed and tested in phase III clinical trials. However, assessment of whether public have willingness to purchase or not, especially in unaffected areas, is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 August to 30 December 2015 in five cities in Aceh province of Indonesia. Patients’ family members who visited outpatient departments were approached and interviewed about their sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of Ebola, attitude towards vaccination practice and their WTP for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine. A multivariable linear regression model assessed the relationship between these explanatory variables and WTP. Results: During the study, 500 participants were approached and interviewed. There were 424 (84.8%) respondents who completed the interview and 74% (311/424) expressed their acceptance for an Ebola vaccine. There were 288 participants who were willing to pay for an Ebola vaccine (92.6% out of 311). The mean of WTP was US$2.08 (95% CI: 1.75-2.42). The final multivariable model indicated that young age, high educational attainment, working as a private employee, entrepreneur or civil servant (compared to farmers), being unmarried, and residing in a suburb (compared to a city) were associated with higher WTP. Conclusions: Although the proportion of the participants who would accept the Ebola vaccine was relatively high, the amount they were willing to pay for Ebola vaccine was very low. This finding would indicate the need of subsidies for Ebola vaccine in the country.
Workplace management initiatives and talent engagement in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Falola Hezekiah O. , Ogueyungbo Opeyemi O. , Ojebola Oluwatunmise O. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Talent engagement is increasingly gaining the attention of pharmaceutical industry, particularly in developing nations like Nigeria. The existing literature shows that the subject of workplace management initiatives and talent engagement in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry has not been sufficiently researched. This study investigates the influence of workplace management initiatives on talent engagement in some selected pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Methods: In total, 600 respondents were surveyed across various departments and units of ten selected pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria using multiple sampling techniques. Only 429 copies of the questionnaire, representing a 71.5% response rate, were returned and analyzed using Smart PLS 3.0. Results: The outcomes of the statistical analysis show that recognition, employees’ wellbeing, learning and development as well as diversity and inclusion had significant influence on talent, emotional, cognitive and behavioural engagements. Conclusions: In line with the statistical results, the study concludes that workplace management initiatives influenced talent engagement. The study emphasized the need for the review of many workplace management initiatives in order to determine its suitability within the context of pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria.
On the Preparation of Teachers for the Implementation of the Educational Program «Origins»
Authors: Fugelova Tatiana 
Published: July 2020

The education and spiritual development of a person, his ability to realize and analyze his actions, value himself and other people depends on the teacher. All this is the basis of sustainable development of society.
This study involves the development and description of a teacher training program for the implementation of the program on spiritual and moral education and development of students.
The program is focused on the formation of teachers' competencies in designing activities for spiritual and moral education of students. Training involves mastering school teachers by monitoring in the field of spiritual and moral education of students.
The article presents the contents of the teacher training program on the topic: “Parenting on socio-cultural experience: theoretical and practical aspects of the work of primary school teachers in the process of implementing the “Origins” program. In the process of implementing the continuing education program, the concept of spiritual and moral education of students, which is the basis of the socio-cultural educational program “Origins”, was revealed. Teachers were offered methodological tools for organizing individual and group work with children in the process of implementing the “Origins” training course.
Formação social brasileira: interface com as relações raciais
Authors: Corato Carmen 
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a formação social brasileira; para tanto, é necessário abarcar a categoria de modo de produção, a partir da tradição marxista. Nosso interesse é destacar a escravidão como uma particularidade na constituição do capitalismo nesse país, o que nos impele a estudar as consequências dessa particularidade, uma vez que a escravidão durou quase 400 anos, produzindo algumas alterações na forma de produção e acumulação da riqueza. Na medida em que os traços capitalistas deram os seus primeiros sinais, as elites trataram de garantir no pós-abolição um total abandono da população negra, a qual produziu toda riqueza até então. Palavras-Chave: modo de produção; formação social; relações étnico-raciais no Brasil.
Racismo, trabalho e previdência social no Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Maria Lucia Lopes , Lima Jéssika Larissa Sousa 
Published: July 2020

Este artigo propõe-se a contribuir com as reflexões sobre a relação entre o racismo, mercado de trabalho e os limites de acesso da população negra à previdência social no Brasil. Para tanto fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica no campo da tradição marxista acerca da relação entre a chamada acumulação primitiva, a origem e o desenvolvimento do capitalismo, o processo de colonização das américas e a escravidão; sobre a dinâmica social brasileira em que as relações raciais se desenvolveram, originando e enraizando o racismo no país; e, acerca da condição atual do trabalho e da previdência social. Ademais, recorreu-se aos dados disponíveis no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) sobre população negra, mercado de trabalho e previdência social, para subsidiar as reflexões.Palavras-chave: racismo; trabalho; população negra; previdência social.