bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amnestic and non‐amnestic symptoms of dementia: An international study of Alzheimer's disease in people with Down's syndrome
Authors: Fonseca Luciana M. , Padilla Concepcion , Jones Elizabeth , Neale Natalie , Haddad Glenda G. , Mattar Guilherme P. , Barros Eriton , Clare Isabel C. H. , Busatto Geraldo F. , Bottino Cassio M. C. , Hoexter Marcelo Q. , Holland Anthony J. , Zaman Shahid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe presence of age‐related neuropathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people with Down syndrome (DS) is well‐established. However, the early symptoms of dementia may be atypical and appear related to dysfunction of prefrontal circuitry.ObjectiveTo characterize the initial informant reported age‐related neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia in people with DS, and their relationship to AD and frontal lobe function.MethodsNon‐amnestic informant reported symptoms (disinhibition, apathy, and executive dysfunction) and amnestic symptoms from the CAMDEX‐DS informant interview were analyzed in a cross‐sectional cohort of 162 participants with DS over 30 years of age, divided into three groups: stable cognition, prodromal dementia, and AD. To investigate age‐related symptoms prior to evidence of prodromal dementia we stratified the stable cognition group by age.ResultsAmnestic and non‐amnestic symptoms were present before evidence of informant‐reported cognitive decline. In those who received the diagnosis of AD, symptoms tended to be more marked. Memory impairments were more marked in the prodromal dementia than the stable cognition group (OR = 35.07; P < .001), as was executive dysfunction (OR = 7.16; P < .001). Disinhibition was greater in the AD than in the prodromal dementia group (OR = 3.54; P = .04). Apathy was more pronounced in the AD than in the stable cognition group (OR = 34.18; P < .001).ConclusionPremorbid amnestic and non‐amnestic symptoms as reported by informants increase with the progression to AD. For the formal diagnosis of AD in DS this progression of symptoms needs to be taken into account. An understanding of the unique clinical presentation of DS in AD should inform treatment options.
Open enrollment periods and plan choices
Authors: Decarolis Francesco , Guglielmo Andrea , Luscombe Clavin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOpen enrollment periods are pervasively used in insurance markets to limit adverse selection risks resulting when enrollees can switch plans at will. We exploit a change in the open enrollment rules of Medicare Advantage to analyze how beneficiaries responded to the option of switching to a 5‐star‐rated plan at anytime, in a setting where insurers adjusted premiums and benefit design to counterbalance the increased selection risk. We present three findings: Within‐year switches to 5‐star plans increase by 7–16%; demand for 5‐star plans across the years does not decline; and the enrollees who switch to a 5‐star plan during the year are in better health status than those who do not switch.
Risk factors for human papillomavirus‐positive nonoropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Windon Melina J. , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Waterboer Tim , Rooper Lisa , Westra William H. , Troy Tanya , Pardoll Drew , Tan Marietta , Yavvari Siddhartha , Kiess Ana P. , Miles Brett , Mydlarz Wojciech K. , Ha Patrick K. , Bender Noemi , Eisele David W. , Fakhry Carole 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV‐OPC) is distinct from HPV‐unassociated head and neck cancer. However, whether risk factors for HPV‐positive oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal squamous cell cancer are the same is unclear.MethodsIncident cases of HPV‐positive head and neck cell cancer and matched non‐cancer controls were enrolled in a multi‐institutional, prospective study examining risk factors, biomarkers, and survival.ResultsHPV‐nonOPC (n = 20) were more likely to be ever smokers than controls (n = 80, OR 3.49, 95%CI 1.11‐10.9) and HPV‐OPC (n = 185, OR 3.28, 95%CI 1.10‐10.2). Compared with HPV‐OPC, HPV‐nonOPC were less likely to have had over 3 oral sexual partners (OR 0.29, 95%CI 0.06‐0.9), more likely to have multimorbidity (OR 3.30, 95%CI 1.04‐10.5), and less likely to have antibodies to HPV16 E6 (90% vs 28%, OR 0.05, 95%CI 0.02‐0.2). HPV‐nonOPC had worse 4‐year OS (77% vs 96%, P = .001) and RFS (69% vs 94%, P < .001) than HPV‐OPC.ConclusionsHPV‐positive nonoropharyngeal are distinct from HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancers.
Green Synthesis of M0 Nanoparticles (M=Pd, Pt, and Ru) for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Patra Shanti G. , Sathiyan Krishnamoorthy , Meistelman Michael , Zidki Tomer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn recent years the demand for green synthesis and green energy has increased immensely. Herein M0 nanoparticles were synthesized using a metal precursor and NaHCO3 under hydrothermal conditions without using any reducing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). Surprisingly, it found that the Pt and Pd nanoparticles contain a high concentration of carbon. The presence of carbon is also evident from the attenuated transmission resonance infra‐red (ATRIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, acetic acid was detected as a byproduct of the hydrothermal reaction. NaHCO3 can be considered as the dissolution of CO2 in a mildly alkaline solution. Thus, during the reaction, CO2 was converted to carbonaceous material, which can be considered as a fixation of CO2. The synthesized nanoparticles are also efficient catalysts for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It was found that Ru nanoparticles exhibit the highest activity among the three catalysts studied.
Up‐regulation of microRNA‐30b/30d cluster represses hepatocyte apoptosis in mice with fulminant hepatic failure by inhibiting CEACAM1
Authors: Zhao Changpu , Dang Zhongqin , Sun Junbo , Yuan Shuaiqiang , Xie Li 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, impacts of microRNAs have been unraveled in human diseases, and we aimed to confirm the role of miR‐30b/30d in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Expression of miR‐30b/30d and CEACAM1 in serum of FHF patients and healthy people was measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Mice FHF models were established by injection of D‐Galn and lipopolysaccharide, and were treated with miR‐30b/30d mimics. Oxidative stress, liver injury, and inflammatory reaction in mouse liver tissues were measured using oxidative stress‐related factor kits, hematoxylin–eosin staining and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Moreover, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of hepatocytes of mice were determined by flow cytometry, and the target relation between miR‐30b/30d and CEACAM1 was confirmed by bioinformatic method and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. MiR‐30b/30d expression was positively, and CEACAM1 expression was negatively related to prognosis of FHF patients. Up‐regulation of miR‐30b/30d attenuated oxidative stress, liver injury, and inflammatory reaction, and improved survival rate of FHF mice. Furthermore, elevated miR‐30b/30d ameliorated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of hepatocytes of FHF mice. CEACAM1 was a target gene of miR‐30b/30d. This study highlights that up‐regulated miR‐30b/30d attenuates the progression of FHF by targeting CEACAM1, which may be helpful to FHF treatment.
Is oblique scanning laser ophthalmoscope applicable to human ocular optics? A feasibility study using an eye model for volumetric imaging
Authors: Shao Wenjun , Song Weiye , Yi Ji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOblique scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) is a novel imaging modality to provide volumetric retinal imaging without depth sectioning over a large field of view (FOV). It has been successfully demonstrated in vivo in rodent eyes for volumetric fluorescein angiography (vFA). However, engineering oSLO for human retinal imaging is challenging because of the low numerical aperture (NA) of human ocular optics. To overcome this challenge, we implement optical designs to (a) increase the angle of the intermediate image under Scheimpflug condition, and (b) expand the magnification in the depth dimension with cylindrical lens to enable sufficient sampling density. In addition, we adopt a scanning‐and‐descaning strategy, resulting in a compact oSLO system. We experimentally show that the current setup can achieve a FOV of ~3 × 6 × 0.8 mm3, and the transverse and axial resolutions of 7 and 41 μm, respectively. This feasibility study serves an important step for future in vivo human retinal imaging.
Synthesis, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of novel quinoline‐aminophosphonate derivatives
Authors: Bazine Ismahene , Cheraiet Zinelaabidine , Bensegueni Rafik , Bensouici Chawki , Boukhari Abbes 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of 20 novel α‐aminophosphonate derivatives bearing quinoline or quinolone moiety was designed and synthesized via Kabachnik‐Fields reaction in the presence of triethylammonium acetate as a solvent and catalyst under ultrasound irradiation. This procedure affords products in high yields and short reaction times. Molecular structures of the synthesized compounds 4a‐g and 5a‐m were confirmed using various spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activity of these compounds was evaluated by eight complementary in vitro tests. The anticholinesterase activity (AChE, BChE) of these compounds were also evaluated. In addition, theoretical calculations of all compounds were investigated as corrosion inhibitors using density functional theory (DFT). The results revealed that 16 of these compounds exhibited high levels of antioxidant activities depending on the assay and that most compounds showed more potent inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).
Longitudinal metabolomics in dried bloodspots yields profiles informing newborn screening for succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Brown Madalyn , Turgeon Coleman , Rinaldo Piero , Pop Ana , Salomons Gajja S. , Roullet Jean‐Baptiste , Gibson K. Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnalyses of 19 amino acids, 38 acylcarnitines, and 3 creatine analogues (https://clir.mayo.edu) were implemented to test the hypothesis that succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) could be identified in dried bloodspots (DBS) using currently available newborn screening methodology. The study population included 17 post‐newborn SSADHD DBS (age range 0.8‐38 years; median, 8.2 years; 10 M; controls, 129‐353 age‐matched individuals, mixed gender) and 10 newborn SSADHD DBS (including first and second screens from 3 of 7 patients). Low (informative) markers in post‐newborn DBS included C2‐ and C4‐OH carnitines, ornithine, histidine and creatine, with no gender differences. For newborn DBS, informative markers included C2‐, C3‐, C4‐ and C4‐OH carnitines, creatine and ornithine. Of these, only creatine demonstrated a significant change with age, revealing an approximate 4‐fold decrease. We conclude that quantitation of short‐chain acylcarnitines, creatine, and ornithine provides a newborn DBS profile with potential as a first tier screening tool for early detection of SSADHD. This first tier evaluation can be readily verified using a previously described second tier liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for γ‐hydroxybutyric acid in the same DBS. More extensive evaluation of this first/second tier screening approach is needed in a larger population.
Accurate identification of dimers from α‐pinene oxidation using high‐resolution collision‐induced dissociation mass spectrometry
Authors: Sekimoto Kanako , Fukuyama Daisuke , Inomata Satoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInterest in mass spectrometry of highly oxidized dimers from α‐pinene oxidation has increased in the atmospheric chemistry field. Here, we apply high‐resolution collision‐induced dissociation mass spectrometry (HR‐CID‐MS) with an atmospheric pressure ionization source to investigate in detail how α‐pinene‐derived dimers are detected and identified by MS. The resulting HR‐CID spectra and specific fragmentation patterns suggest that a large fraction of dimer ions detected in full‐scan mass spectra can be hydrogen‐bonded artifact clusters and the residual small fraction includes covalently bonded actual dimers. We also show how individual fractions of the artifact clusters and actual dimers are calculated using the HR‐CID spectra.
Characterization of links between hydro‐climate indices and long‐term precipitation in Brazil using correlation analysis
Authors: Giovannettone Jason , Paredes‐Trejo Franklin , Barbosa Humberto , dos Santos Carlos A. C. , Kumar T. V. Lakshmi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome teleconnection patterns characterized through various hydro‐climate indices (HCIs) have been shown to influence regional rainfall regimes over a range of time scales in Brazil. However, our current knowledge of how various HCI–rainfall relationships vary across regions in Brazil is still incomplete. In this study, simple correlation analysis is performed using sliding window sizes and lag times on the order of months to years to substantially reduce the effects of high‐frequency variability inherent in HCI and precipitation time series and reveal any lower‐frequency relationships that may exist. This analysis is applied to monthly rainfall and HCI data during the time‐span of 1961–2015. The strength and significance of each correlation were tested. HCIs considered in this analysis include those characterizing the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), those characterizing the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), as well as the Tropical Southern Atlantic index (TSA), the Caribbean index (CAR), and several others. A cluster analysis based on the k‐medoids algorithm was also applied to explore the relationship between local factors and the distribution of HCIs exhibiting maximum correlation at each site. A 60‐month sliding window and a 12‐month lag time were found to optimize the results of the correlation. The MJO was found to have a strong and significant link to annual rainfall throughout much of eastern Brazil, while other HCIs showing strong influence in other regions include ENSO, the CAR, and the TSA. The cluster analysis revealed a more spatially homogeneous response over the Amazon River basin and the southern regions than other regions of Brazil with complex topography, where the orographic effect attenuates the influence of the main atmospheric mechanisms at a local scale. In general, the rainfall–HCI relationship could be exploited for some operational applications (e.g., a regional drought early warning system), where the strongest correlations were observed.
Gastric Residual to Predict Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Piglets As Models for Infants
Authors: Kappel Susanne Soendergaard , Sangild Per Torp , Hilsted Linda , Hartmann Bolette , Thymann Thomas , Aunsholt Lise 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal inflammatory disease in preterm infants. High volume of gastric residual (GR) after oral feedings is often used as a predictor of NEC, but evidence is limited. Using NEC‐sensitive preterm piglets as models, we hypothesized that GR mass and related plasma biomarkers predict early onset of NEC.MethodsIn total, 258 newborn preterm piglets were fed bovine milk–based formulas for 5 days. At euthanasia, the stomach, small intestine, and colon were evaluated for NEC lesions. Mass, acidity, gastrin, and bile acid levels were determined for GR content, together with gastrin, glucagon‐like peptide 2 (GLP‐2), and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels in plasma.ResultsIn total, 48% of piglets had NEC lesions in the small intestine and/or colon. These piglets had higher GR mass (+32%, P < 0.001) and lower gastric bile acid concentrations (−22%, P < 0.05) than piglets without NEC lesions. The positive and negative predictive values for these markers were 34%–61%. Gastric acidity, gastrin, GLP‐2, and GIP levels were similar for piglets with and without NEC lesions.ConclusionElevated GR mass correlates positively with NEC lesions but may be a poor predictor of NEC, even when combined with other biomarkers. More knowledge about gastric emptying and gut transit in preterm neonates is required to understand how GR volume and composition relate to morbidities, such as NEC, in preterm neonates.
Multi‐Scale Assessment of Male Northern Yellow Bat Roost Selection
Authors: Castleberry Steven B. , Bland Craig R. , Beck Jacalyn M. , Kurimo‐Beechuk Elizabeth , Morris Katrina M. , Hepinstall‐Cymerman Jeff 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTKnowledge of roost selection by northern yellow bats (Lasiurus intermedius) is limited to a small number of known roost locations. Yet knowledge of basic life history is fundamental to understanding past response to anthropogenic change and to predict how species will respond to future environmental change. Therefore, we examined male northern yellow bat roost selection on 2 Georgia, USA, barrier islands with different disturbance histories. Sapelo Island has a history of extensive disturbance and is dominated by pine (Pinus spp.) forests; Little Saint Simons Island has a limited disturbance history with maritime oak (Quercus spp.) forest as the dominant cover type. From March–July 2012 and 2013, we radio‐tracked 35 adult male northern yellow bats to diurnal roosts and modeled roost characteristics at the plot and landscape scales. We located 387 roosts, of which 95% were in Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) hanging in hardwood trees. On both islands, bats selected roost trees with larger diameters than surrounding trees and selected roost locations with greater open flight space (i.e., low midstory clutter) underneath. Roosts were located farther from open areas on Sapelo and closer to fresh water on Little Saint Simons compared to random locations. Lower availability of hardwood forest on Sapelo may have resulted in small‐scale roost site selection (i.e., plot level) despite potential increased costs of commuting to water and open areas for foraging. In contrast, greater availability of hardwood forest on Little Saint Simons likely allowed selection of roosts closer to fresh water, which provides foraging and drinking opportunities. Our results indicate that mature hardwood trees in areas with low midstory clutter are important in male northern yellow bat roost selection, but landscape‐level features have varying influences on roost selection, likely as a result of differences in disturbance history. Therefore, management will differ depending on the landscape context. Further research is needed to examine roost selection by females, which may have different habitat requirements. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Fatty Acids of Abyssal Echinodermata, the Sea Star Eremicaster vicinus and the Sea Urchin Kamptosoma abyssale: A New Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Detected, 22:6(n‐2)
Authors: Svetashev Vasily I. , Kharlamenko Vladimir I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFatty acids (FA) of two species of abyssal Echinodermata—the sea star (Asteroidea) Eremicaster vicinus and the sea urchin (Echinoidea) Kamptosoma abyssale—from the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench, collected at depths of 5210 and 6183 m, were analyzed. Lipids of these deposit‐feeding animals showed similar FA compositions: 20.05–16.08% saturated, 42.20–39.50% monoenoic, and 37.75–44.42% polyunsaturated FA, respectively. The contents of odd‐ and branched‐chain FA were 17.35% and 8.80%, respectively. A significant part of FA was represented by uncommon FA such as 21:4(n‐7), 22:4(n‐8), 22:5(n‐5), and 23:4(n‐9), earlier discovered in deep‐sea foraminifera. Also, the newly found acid, related to the ω2 family, Δ5,8,11,14,17,20–22:6(n‐2), amounted 1.60% and 0.33% of total FA, respectively, for the two species. Such unusual FA composition of these abyssal species can be explained by the transfer and modification of FA from consumed foraminifera, which in turn, feed on bacteria.
Effects of Ga and Sn on the electrochemical behavior of Mg–6Al–1Zn as anode materials
Authors: Wan Xiaofeng , Chen Wei , Zhou Jingling , Zhang Hua , Zhang Fubao , Wei Kequan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe microstructure and electrochemical behavior of Mg–6Al–1Zn, Mg–6Al–1Zn–1Ga, Mg–6Al–1Zn–1Sn, and Mg–6Al–1Zn–0.5Sn–0.5Ga as anode materials in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution are compared systematically. The results show that Sn alloying refines the second‐phases of Mg–6Zn–1Al by promoting tiny granular Mg17Al12 phases containing Sn, and inspires their disperse distribution. However, the Ga results in the formation of semicontinuous reticular Ga containing Mg17Al12 phases. The comparison of discharge tests indicates that Mg–6Al–1Zn–1Sn has the highest discharge activity, and Mg–6Al–1Zn–1Ga displays the largest hydrogen evolution corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 298 K. The synergy of Ga and Sn can shorten discharge activation time and promote low discharge potential. In addition, the utilization efficiencies of the alloys decrease as follows: Mg–6Al–1Zn–1Ga > Mg–6Al–1Zn–0.5Sn–0.5Ga > Mg–6Al–1Zn–1Sn > Mg–6Zn–1Al. This study illustrates that the Mg–6Al–1Zn–0.5Sn–0.5Ga alloy has acceptable utilization efficiency and desirable electrochemical activity, which implies that doping Ga and Sn obtains a balance between discharge activity and utilization efficiencies.
Synergistic effect of iodide ions and bark resin of Schinus molle for the corrosion inhibition of API5L X70 pipeline steel in H2SO4
Authors: Djellab Mounir , Bentrah Hamza , Chala Abdelouahad , Taoui Hicham , Kherief Slimane , Bouamra Bouzid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe synergistic effect of bark resin of Schinus molle (BRSM) and iodide ions in 0.5 M sulfuric acid has been studied for the first time by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements; also, the surface morphology has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopic analysis in the present work. The results show that the BRSM and iodide ions have an evident synergistic inhibition effect in a 0.5‐M sulfuric acid solution. The adsorption of the BRSM/iodide ion system follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and acts as a mixed‐type inhibitor in sulfuric acid. The BRSM/iodide ion system is an effective inhibitor for API5L X70 pipeline steel in the 0.5‐M sulfuric acid solution. The maximum percentage inhibition efficiency is equal to 99% at 1 g/L BRSM + 2 mM KI.
Cellulose Regeneration and Chemical Recycling: Closing the “Cellulose Gap” Using Environmentally Benign Solvents
Authors: El Seoud Omar A. , Kostag Marc , Jedvert Kerstin , Malek Naved I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStrategies to mitigate the expected “cellulose gap” include increased use of wood cellulose, fabric reuse, and recycling. Ionic liquids (ILs) are employed for cellulose physical dissolution and shaping in different forms. This review focuses on the regeneration of dissolved cellulose as nanoparticles, membranes, nonwoven materials, and fibers. The solvents employed in these applications include ILs and alkali solutions without and with additives. Cellulose fibers obtained via the carbonate and carbamate processes are included. Chemical recycling (CR) of polycotton (cellulose plus poly(ethylene terephthalate)) is addressed because depending on the recycling approach employed, this process is akin to regeneration. The strategies investigated in CR include preferential dissolution or depolymerization of one component of the blend, and separation of both components using ILs. It is hoped that this review focuses the attention on the potential applications of regenerated cellulose from its solutions and contributes to the important environmental issue of recycling of used materials.