bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grading system for acute mesenteric ischemia—More than anatomic severity is needed to determine risk of mortality
Authors: Sindall Morgan E. , Davenport Daniel L. , Wallace Payden , Bernard Andrew C. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a highly morbid disease with a diverse etiology. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) proposed disease-specific grading scales intended to quantify severity based upon clinical, imaging, operative, and pathology findings. This grading scale has not been yet been validated for AMI. The goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the grading scale and complication severity.

METHODS
Patients for this single center retrospective chart review were identified using diagnosis codes for AMI (ICD10-K55.0, ICD9-557.0). Inpatients >17 years old from the years 2008 to 2015 were included. The AAST grades (1–5) were assigned after review of clinical, imaging (computed tomography), operative and pathology findings. Two raters applied the scales independently after dialog with consensus on a learning set of cases. Mortality and Clavien-Dindo complication severity were recorded.

RESULTS
A total of 221 patients were analyzed. Overall grade was only weakly correlated with Clavien-Dindo complication severity (rho = 0.27) and mortality (rho = 0.21). Computed tomography, pathology, and clinical grades did not correlate with mortality or outcome severity. There was poor interrater agreement between overall grade. A mortality prediction model of operative grade, use of vasopressors, preoperative serum creatinine and lactate levels showed excellent discrimination (c-index = 0.93).

CONCLUSION
In contrast to early application of other AAST disease severity scales, the AMI grading scale as published is not well correlated with outcome severity. The AAST operative grade, in conjunction with vasopressor use, creatinine, and lactate were strong predictors of mortality.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, III.
Human CA1 and subiculum activity forecast stroke chronicity
Authors: Santos-Pata Diogo , Ballester Belén Rubio , Zucca Riccardo , Stefano Filho Carlos Alberto , Almeida Sara Regina , Min Li Li , Castellano Gabriela , Verschure Paul FMJ 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTFollowing a stroke, the brain undergoes a process of neuronal reorganization to compensate for structural damage and cope with functionality loss. Increases in stroke-induced neurogenesis rates in the dentate gyrus and neural migration from the hippocampus towards the affected site have been observed, suggesting that the hippocampus is involved in functionality gains and neural reorganization. Despite the observed hippocampal contributions to structural changes, the hippocampal physiology for stroke recovery has been poorly characterized. To this end, we measured resting-state whole-brain activity from non-hippocampal stroke survivors (n=13) during functional MRI scanning. Analysis of multiple hippocampal subregions revealed that the voxel activity of hippocampal readout sites (CA1 and subiculum) forecast the patient’s chronicity stage stronger than early regions of the hippocampal circuit. Furthermore, we observed hemispheric-specific contributions to chronicity forecasting, raising the hypothesis that left and right hippocampus are functionally dissociable during recovery. In addition, we suggest that in contrast with whole-brain analysis, the monitoring of segregated and specialized sub-networks after stroke potentially reveals detailed aspects of stroke recovery. Altogether, our results shed light on the contribution of the subcortical-cortical interplay for neural reorganization and highlight new avenues for stroke rehabilitation.
Background styles in systematic review articles: a cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Kataoka Yuki , Taito Shunsuke , Yamamoto-Kataoka Sachiko , Tsujimoto Yasushi , Yamazaki Hajime , Furukawa Toshi A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe background section of a medical journal article has the important function to communicate readers the value of the research question. However, little is known about how authors describe their “niche” to emphasize the importance of their research question. This study aims to examine the methods the authors use in order to delineate their niche in systematic reviews (SR).MethodsWe will conduct a cross-sectional study. We will include Original SR articles published in top 50 journals in MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL category in Journal Citation Reports 2018. We will conduct content analysis of background sections. The primary outcome will be whether the article was published in top 10 journal or not. We will use chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis. The primary analysis will be logistic regression predicting publication in high impact journals, with covariates. Two-tailed p values will be considered statistically significant if less than 0.05. Discussion: This is the first study to investigate the influence of what to present and not present in the backgrounds section to be accepted in the highly cited journals among SR articles.
Feasibility of estimation of aortic wave intensity using non-invasive pressure recordings in the absence of flow velocity in man
Authors: Hughes A.D. , Park C. , Ramakrishnan A. , Mayet J. , Chaturvedi N. , Parker K.H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWave intensity analysis provides valuable information on ventriculo-arterial function, hemodynamics and energy transfer in the arterial circulation. Widespread use of wave intensity analysis is limited by the need for concurrent measurement of pressure and flow waveforms. We describe a method that can estimate wave intensity patterns using only non-invasive pressure waveforms (pWIA).MethodsRadial artery pressure and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) flow velocity waveforms were recorded in 12 participants in the Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) study. Pressure waveforms were analysed using custom-written software to derive the excess pressure (Pxs) which was scaled to peak LVOT velocity and used to calculate wave intensity. These data were compared with wave intensity calculated using the measured LVOT flow velocity waveform. In a separate study, repeat measures of pWIA were performed on 34 individuals who attended 2 clinic visits at an interval of approximately 1 month to assess reproducibility and reliability of the method.ResultsPxs waveforms were similar in shape to aortic flow velocity waveforms and the time of peak Pxs and peak aortic velocity agreed closely. Wave intensity estimated using pWIA showed acceptable agreement with estimates using LVOT velocity tracings and estimates of wave intensity were similar to values reported previously in the literature. The method showed fair to good reproducibility for most parameters.ConclusionsThe Pxs is a surrogate of LVOT flow velocity which, when appropriately scaled, allows estimation of aortic wave intensity with acceptable reproducibility. This may enable wider application of wave intensity analysis to large studies.
Single cell determination of cardiac microtissue structure and function using light sheet microscopy
Authors: Turaga Diwakar , Matthys Oriane B. , Hookway Tracy A. , Joy David A. , Calvert Meredith , McDevitt Todd C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNative cardiac tissue is comprised of heterogeneous cell populations that work cooperatively for proper tissue function; thus, engineered tissue models have moved toward incorporating multiple cardiac cell types in an effort to recapitulate native multicellular composition and organization. Cardiac tissue models comprised of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes require inclusion of non-myocytes to promote stable tissue formation, yet the specific contributions of the supporting non-myocyte population on the parenchymal cardiomyocytes and cardiac microtissues have yet to be fully dissected. This gap can be partly attributed to limitations in technologies able to accurately study the individual cellular structure and function that comprise intact 3D tissues. The ability to interrogate the cell-cell interactions in 3D tissue constructs has been restricted by conventional optical imaging techniques that fail to adequately penetrate multicellular microtissues with sufficient spatial resolution. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy overcomes these constraints to enable single cell-resolution structural and functional imaging of intact cardiac microtissues. Multicellular spatial distribution analysis of heterotypic cardiac cell populations revealed that cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts were randomly distributed throughout 3D microtissues. Furthermore, calcium imaging of live cardiac microtissues enabled single-cell detection of cardiomyocyte calcium activity, which showed that functional heterogeneity correlated with spatial location within the tissues. This study demonstrates that light sheet fluorescence microscopy can be utilized to determine single-cell spatial and functional interactions of multiple cell types within intact 3D engineered microtissues, thereby facilitating the determination of structure-function relationships at both tissue-level and single-cell resolution.Impact StatementThe ability to achieve single-cell resolution by advanced 3D light imaging techniques enables exquisite new investigation of multicellular analyses in native and engineered tissues. In this study, light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to define structure-function relationships of distinct cell types in engineered cardiac microtissues by determining heterotypic cell distributions and interactions throughout the tissues as well as by assessing regional differences in calcium handing functional properties at the individual cardiomyocyte level.
Extreme acid resistance of human cheek epithelial cells
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Mateen Irsa , Tahir Aisha , Anjum Rana Salman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHuman cheek epithelial cells, despite residing in an almost neutral environment of the mouth, are exposed to many acidic stimuli, so these cells may possess acid resistance. Our research’s objective is to find out if isolated human cheek epithelial cells can survive in highly acidic conditions, and whether there is any difference in acid resistance between cheek epithelial cells of males and females; and to establish a protocol. We collected 3 buccal swab samples from each male or female participant and gave following 3 different treatments to their samples: (i) Milli-Q water (ii) HCl with pH of −0.48 (iii) HCl with pH of - 0.48 and, then, rehydration with Milli-Q water. Staining and microscopic analysis showed that cheek epithelial cells did not burst after acid treatment. However, they slightly shrunk in size and were stained substantially darker. Moreover, cells that were rehydrated after acid treatment, provided further evidence of their survival because these cells, as a result of rehydration, had substantially regained bigger size as well as lighter staining. Furthermore, at pH of −0.48, no difference was observed in acid resistance of the cells from the two genders. Results of this study, which is the only one to incubate cheek epithelial cells at pH < 2.0, manifest that the human cheek epithelial cells, isolated from any of the two genders, are extremely acid-resistant and do not burst in highly acidic conditions. Besides, these cells may also be useful as model cells for the study of acid-resistant pathogens and acid-resistant cancer cells.
A Primary Neural Cell Culture Model for Neuroinflammation
Authors: Goshi Noah , Morgan Rhianna K. , Lein Pamela J. , Seker Erkin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInteractions between neurons, astrocytes and microglia critically influence neuroinflammatory responses to insult in the central nervous system. Studying neuroinflammationin vitrohas been difficult because most primary culture models do not include all three critical cell types. We describe anin vitromodel of neuroinflammation comprised of neurons, astrocytes and microglia. Primary rat cortical cells were cultured in a serum-free medium used to co-culture neurons and astrocytes that is supplemented with three factors (IL-34, TGF-β and cholesterol) used to support isolated microglia. This “tri-culture” can be maintained for at least 14 daysin vitrowhile retaining a physiologically-relevant representation of all three cell types. Additionally, we demonstrate that the tri-culture system responds to lipopolysaccharide, mechanical trauma and excitotoxicity with both neurotoxic and neuroprotective aspects of the neuroinflammatory response observedin vivo. We expect the tri-culture model will enable mechanistic studies of neuroinflammationin vitrowith enhanced physiological relevance.
Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak
Authors: Zhao Shi , Lin Qianyin , Ran Jinjun , Musa Salihu S , Yang Guangpu , Wang Weiming , Lou Yijun , Gao Daozhou , Yang Lin , He Daihai , Wang Maggie H 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundsAn ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia hit a major city of China, Wuhan, December 2019 and subsequently reached other provinces/regions of China and countries. We present estimates of the basic reproduction number,R0, of 2019-nCoV in the early phase of the outbreak.MethodsAccounting for the impact of the variations in disease reporting rate, we modelled the epidemic curve of 2019-nCoV cases time series, in mainland China from January 10 to January 24, 2020, through the exponential growth. With the estimated intrinsic growth rate (γ), we estimatedR0by using the serial intervals (SI) of two other well-known coronavirus diseases, MERS and SARS, as approximations for the true unknown SI.FindingsThe early outbreak data largely follows the exponential growth. We estimated that the meanR0ranges from 2.24 (95%CI: 1.96-2.55) to 3.58 (95%CI: 2.89-4.39) associated with 8-fold to 2-fold increase in the reporting rate. We demonstrated that changes in reporting rate substantially affect estimates ofR0.ConclusionThe mean estimate ofR0for the 2019-nCoV ranges from 2.24 to 3.58, and significantly larger than 1. Our findings indicate the potential of 2019-nCoV to cause outbreaks.
Oncogenic memory underlying minimal residual disease in breast cancer
Authors: Shechter Ksenija Radic , Kafkia Eleni , Zirngibl Katharina , Gawrzak Sylwia , Alladin Ashna , Machado Daniel , Lüchtenborg Christian , Sévin Daniel C. , Brügger Britta , Patil Kiran R. , Jechlinger Martin 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTTumor relapse is responsible for most breast cancer related deaths1,2. The disease recurrence stems from treatment refractory cancer cells that persist as minimal residual disease (MRD) for years following initial therapy3. Yet, the molecular characteristics defining the malignancy of MRD remain elusive due to difficulties in observing these rare cells in patients or in model organisms. Here, we use a tractable organoid system and multi-omics analysis to show that the dormant MRD cells retain metabolic peculiarities reminiscent of the tumor state. While the MRD cells were distinct from both normal and tumor cells at a global transcriptomic level, their metabolomic and lipidomic profile markedly resembled that of the tumor state. The MRD cells particularly exhibited a de-regulated urea cycle and elevated glycolysis. We find the latter being crucial for their survival and could be selectively targeted using a small molecule inhibitor of glycolytic activity. We validated these metabolic peculiarities of the MRD cells in corresponding tissues obtained from the mouse model as well as in transcriptomic data from patients following neo-adjuvant therapy. Together, our results show that the treatment surviving MRD cells retain features of the tumor state over an extended period suggestive of an oncogenic memory. In accord, we found striking similarity in DNA methylation profiles between the tumor and the MRD cells. The distinction of MRD from normal breast cells comes as a surprise, considering their phenotypic similarity with regards to proliferation and polarized epithelial organization. The metabolic aberrances of the MRD cells offer a therapeutic opportunity towards tackling emergence of breast tumor recurrence in post-treatment care.
A Grain of Salt
Authors: Houston Kelly , Qiu Jiaen , Wege Stefanie , Hrmova Maria , Oakey Helena , Qu Yue , Smith Pauline , Situmorang Apriadi , Macaulay Malcolm , Flis Paulina , Bayer Micha , Roy Stuart , Halpin Claire , Russell Joanne , Byrt Caitlin , Gilliham Matt , Salt David E. , Waugh Robbie 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe quantified grain sodium (Na+) content across a barley GWAS panel grown under optimal conditions. We identified a strong association with a region containing two low and one high Na+accumulating haplotypes of a Class 1 HIGH-AFFINITY POTASSIUM TRANSPORTER (HKT1;5) known to be involved in regulating plant Na+homeostasis. The haplotypes exhibited an average 1.8-fold difference in grain Na+content. We show that an L189P substitution disrupts Na+transport in the high Na+lines, disturbs the plasma membrane localisation typical of HKT1;5 and induces a conformational change in the protein predicted to compromise function. Under NaCl stress, lines containing P189 accumulate high levels of Na+, but show no significant difference in biomass. P189 increases in frequency from wild-species to elite cultivars leading us to speculate that the compromised haplotype is undergoing directional selection possibly due to the value of Na+as a functional nutrient in non-saline environments.
Hmx3a has essential functions in zebrafish spinal cord, ear and lateral line development
Authors: England Samantha J. , Cerda Gustavo A. , Kowalchuk Angelica , Sorice Taylor , Grieb Ginny , Lewis Katharine E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTranscription factors that contain a homeodomain DNA-binding domain have crucial functions in most aspects of cellular function and embryonic development in both animals and plants. Hmx proteins are a sub-family of NK homeodomain-containing proteins that have fundamental roles in development of sensory structures such as the eye and the ear. However, Hmx functions in spinal cord development have not been analyzed. Here we show that zebrafish (Danio rerio)hmx2andhmx3aare co-expressed in spinal dI2 and V1 interneurons, whereashmx3b,hmx1andhmx4are not expressed in spinal cord. Using mutational analyses, we demonstrate that, in addition to its previously reported role in ear development,hmx3ais required for correct specification of a subset of spinal interneuron neurotransmitter phenotypes, as well as correct lateral line progression and survival to adulthood. Surprisingly, despite similar expression patterns ofhmx2andhmx3aduring embryonic development, zebrafishhmx2mutants are viable and have no obviously abnormal phenotypes in sensory structures or neurons that requirehmx3a. In addition, embryos homozygous for deletions of bothhmx2andhmx3ahave identical phenotypes to severehmx3asingle mutants. However, mutatinghmx2in hypomorphichmx3amutants that usually develop normally, results in abnormal ear and lateral line phenotypes. This suggests that whilehmx2cannot compensate for loss ofhmx3a, it does function in these developmental processes, although to a much lesser extent thanhmx3a. More surprisingly, our mutational analyses suggest that Hmx3a may not require its homeodomain DNA-binding domain for its roles in viability or embryonic development.
Why do investors not punish politically connected firms for financial misrepresentation?
Authors: Yu Xin , Zheng Ying 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the political connections of listed firms in China affect how the market reacts to cases of financial misrepresentation investigated by the regulatory authorities.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use an event study method and the financial misrepresentation events in China stock markets as research setting and empirically test the association between market reactions to the announcement of financial misrepresentations and the presence of political connections.

Findings
The results show that on average, there is no significant market reaction to financial misrepresentation for politically connected firms. In contrast, however, there is a significantly negative market reaction for non-connected firms, which suggests that investors do not punish politically connected firms for financial misrepresentation. The authors argue that politically connected companies use the altered financial information to gain legitimacy and obtain benefits from the government. Consistent with the argument, the authors find that in the years after they disclose their financial misrepresentation, firms with political connections are more likely to increase their bank loans than firms without political connections.

Originality/value
The authors provide a new explanation for the low-earnings quality of politically connected firms.
A novel simulation framework for crowd co-decisions
Authors: Yao Xia , Sun Hongbo , Fan Baode 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to aim mainly at social public decision-making problems, studies the corresponding relationship between different voting rule combinations and the final results, and discusses the quantitative relationships between group intelligence (final votes) and individual intelligence (everyone) to defend democracy under the circumstance of rapid development of network technology, and crowd intelligence becomes more complicated and universal.

Design/methodology/approach
After summarizing the crowd co-decisions of related studies, the standards, frameworks, techniques, methods and tools have been discussed according to the characteristics of large-scale simulations.

Findings
The contributions of this paper will be useful for both academics and practitioners for formulating VV&A in large-scale simulations.

Originality/value
This paper will help researchers solve the social public decision-making problems in large-scale simulations.
Effective after-sales services through the lean servitization canvas
Authors: Rudnick Martin , Riezebos Jan , Powell Daryl John , Hauptvogel Annika 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
A lean approach is frequently applied in the primary processes of a company, but less in after-sales service. Servitization leads to a change from pure product providers to integrated product-service systems (PSS) providers. The after-sales services may benefit from a lean approach to effectively integrate usage data of the installed product base. This paper aims to develop a lean servitization canvas to open-up possibilities for additional revenue streams for organizations in the after-sales market.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper develops and proposes the use of a lean servitization canvas for effective after-sales services by drawing on insights from two industrial cases where physical goods are produced and serviced. Both cases are within the train maintenance and rail infrastructure sector in Central Europe. Based primarily on a literature review, a lean servitization canvas has been developed and further validated in the case studies.

Findings
The paper shows how value can be achieved for providers of integrated PSS by adopting the lean servitization canvas.

Research limitations/implications
The research focuses on industrial services for high-capital goods in the rail and infrastructure sectors. This can be seen as a limitation of the research, as the lean servitization canvas has not yet been tested in other sectors.

Practical implications
For companies, the use of a lean approach to servitization integrates primary processes and after-sales services and offers new opportunities to develop business.

Originality/value
This paper provides insights into how the current product range and customer base of a company may be included in an after-sales business model that benefits from a lean approach.