bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I made a mistake!”: A narrative analysis of experienced physicians' stories of preventable error
Authors: Kandasamy Sujane , Vanstone Meredith , Colvin Eamon , Chan Teresa , Sherbino Jonathan , Monteiro Sandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe complexity of healthcare systems makes errors unavoidable. To strengthen the dialogue around how physicians experience and share medical errors, the objective of this study was to understand how generalist physicians make meaning of and grow from their medical errors.MethodsThis study used a narrative inquiry approach to conduct and analyse in‐depth interviews from 26 physicians from the generalist specialties of emergency, internal, and family medicine. We gathered stories via individual interview, analysed them for key components, and rewrote a “meta‐story” in a chronological sequence. We conceptualized the findings into a metaphor to draw similarities, learn from, and apply new principles from other fields of practice.ResultsThrough analysis we interpreted the story of a physician who is required to make numerous decisions in a short period of time in different clinical environments among the patient's family and whilst abiding by existing rules and regulations. Through sharing stories of success and failure, the clinical supervisor can help optimize the physician's emotional growth and professional development. Similarly, through sharing and learning from stories, colleagues and trainees can also contribute to the growth of the protagonist's character and the development of clinic, hospital, and healthcare system.ConclusionWe draw parallels between the clinical setting and a generalist physician's experiences of a medical error with the environment and practices within professional sports. Using this comparison, we discuss the potential for meaningful coaching in medical education.
Extended external reporting assurance: Current practices and challenges
Authors: Krasodomska Joanna , Simnett Roger , Street Donna L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper summarizes the UNCTAD ISAR WBCSD Webinar—Assurance on Sustainability Reports: Current Practices and Challenges, which explored views and practices on assurance of extended external reporting (EER) and identified challenges and potential ways forward. Stakeholders are demanding more accountability, as reflected in increased publication of EER and regulatory developments. EER can play an important role in rebuilding trust by catalyzing corporate focus and disclosure of business‐centric matters material to stakeholders including strategy, business model, governance, and greater transparency on other material non‐financial matters. Relatedly, EER cannot rebuild trust unless disclosures are credible and viewed as credible. Therefore, it is important that assurance, and other credibility enhancing techniques, is developed alongside EER frameworks and takes account of regulatory initiatives. We expand on lessons outlined during the Webinar by highlighting questions posed by participants, providing a historical overview of European regulatory developments (e.g., Directive 2014/95/EU and a forthcoming revision), providing a historical overview of the IAASB’s development of ISAE 3000 and forthcoming guidance on addressing major challenges aimed at supporting EER assurance, and providing an overview of practice‐focused publications addressing EER assurance. We conclude with an assessment of the way forward in regard to possible changes in the EER institutional setting, potential harmonization of EER standards, and the ability to provide reasonable versus limited assurance. Along with our companion paper (Venter and van Eck, 2021, 32), we contribute to the current discussion on EER assurance by providing a comprehensive assessment of the EER assurance landscape.
Safety and feasibility of oral carbohydrate consumption before cesarean delivery on patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A parallel, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Ningning , Jin Ying , Wang XiaoJuan , Xiang Zhenzhen , Zhang Le , Feng Suwen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the safety and feasibility of taking low‐concentration carbohydrate solution at 2 h before induction of anesthesia for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients.MethodsGDM patients undergoing cesarean section were randomly assigned to experimental group (n = 43) and control group (n = 42). Two hours before induction of anesthesia, participants in experimental group orally received 300 mL low‐concentration carbohydrate solution, while those in control group received equivalent warm water. Blood glucose and serum insulin were measured at 2 h before induction of anesthesia, right before induction of anesthesia, and the morning of postoperative day 1. Neonatal blood glucose level was monitored at birth. Maternal gastrointestinal function and well‐being were assessed perioperatively.ResultsThe levels of blood glucose and serum insulin right before induction of anesthesia in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. There were four cases with hypoglycemia in the experimental group and 19 cases in the control group right before induction of anesthesia (9.3% vs 45.2%, p < 0.001). The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was 2.3% in the experimental group and 7.1% in the control group with no significance. Hunger score of the participants between the two groups right before induction of anesthesia was significantly different. No aspiration, nausea, and vomiting occurred in both groups before, during, and after surgery. No significant difference was found in the time to the first flatus and abdominal distension between the two groups.ConclusionTaking low‐concentration carbohydrate solution is safe and feasible for patients with GDM undergoing elective cesarean section.
Seizing control: How dense granule effector proteins enable Toxoplasma to take charge
Authors: Panas Michael W. , Boothroyd John C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractControl of the host cell is crucial to the Apicomplexan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, while it grows intracellularly. To achieve this goal, these single‐celled eukaryotes export a series of effector proteins from organelles known as “dense granules” that interfere with normal cellular processes and responses to invasion. While some effectors are found attached to the outer surface of the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) in which Toxoplasma tachyzoites reside, others are found in the host cell's cytoplasm and yet others make their way into the host nucleus, where they alter host transcription. Among the processes that are severely altered are innate immune responses, host cell cycle, and association with host organelles. The ways in which these crucial processes are altered through the coordinated action of a large collection of effectors is as elegant as it is complex, and is the central focus of the following review; we also discuss the recent advances in our understanding of how dense granule effector proteins are trafficked out of the PV.
Central airway collapse is related to obesity independent of asthma phenotype
Authors: Bhatawadekar Swati A. , Peters Ubong , Walsh Ryan R. , Daphtary Nirav , MacLean Erick S. , Mori Vitor , Hodgdon Kevin , Kinsey C. Matthew , Kaminsky David A. , Bates Jason H.T. , Dixon Anne E. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveLate‐onset non‐allergic asthma in obesity is characterized by an abnormally compliant, collapsible lung periphery; it is not known whether this abnormality exists in proximal airways. We sought to compare collapsibility of central airways between lean and obese individuals with and without asthma.MethodsA cross‐sectional study comparing luminal area and shape (circularity) of the trachea, left mainstem bronchus, right bronchus intermedius and right inferior lobar bronchus at RV and TLC by CT was conducted.ResultsIn 11 lean controls (BMI: 22.4 (21.5, 23.8) kg/m2), 10 lean individuals with asthma (23.6 (22.0, 24.8) kg/m2), 10 obese controls (45.5 (40.3, 48.5) kg/m2) and 21 obese individuals with asthma (39.2 (35.8, 42.9) kg/m2), lumen area and circularity increased significantly with an increase in lung volume from RV to TLC for all four airways (P < 0.05 for all). Changes in area and circularity with lung volume were similar in obese individuals with and without asthma, and both obese groups had severe airway collapse at RV. In multivariate analysis, change in lumen area was related to BMI and change in circularity to waist circumference, but neither was related to asthma diagnosis.ConclusionExcessive collapse of the central airways is related to obesity, and occurs in both obese controls and obese asthma. Increased airway collapse could contribute to ventilation abnormalities in obese individuals particularly at lower lung volumes, and complicate asthma in obese individuals.
Sample Size Determination for Risk-Based Tax Auditing
Authors: Dellaportas Petros , Ioannidis Evangelos , Kotsogiannis Christos 
Published: January 2021

SummaryA modern system of Revenue Administration requires an effective and efficient management of compliance which in turn requires a well-designed taxpayers audit strategy. The selection of taxpayers to be audited by Revenue Authorities is a non-standard sample size determination problem, involving an initial random sample from the population and, based on the statistical information derived from it, a risk-based auditing scheme whose sole objective is to select for auditing the taxpayers with the highest estimated risk in the population. This paper provides a methodological approach that estimates the initial optimal random sample size such that the Revenue Administration Authority maximises their expected tax revenues. The methodology is illustrated using administrative data from the UK’s Revenue Authority, Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC).
Relationship between taste perception and use of upper complete dentures
Authors: da Silva Ruann Oswaldo Carvalho , Lacerda William Fernandes , Henn Indiara Welter , Chaiben Cassiano Lima , Machado Maria Ângela Naval , de Lima Antonio Adilson Soares 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the taste perception in patients with upper complete dentures.Methods and resultsOne hundred seventy male and female patients (45‐83 years old) upper denture wearers were evaluated for their gustatory function by the paper strips technique in relation to the four basic tastes. The taste test was performed with and without the presence of the denture on the palate. Through Shapiro‐Wilk and Kolmogorov‐Smirnov tests, the results were analyzed by their normal distribution. The t‐test for paired samples was used to evaluate if there was a statistical difference on the taste perception and itself revealed that there is a significant difference (p < 0.01) when the taste perception was analyzed for the absence and presence of the prosthesis (alone and compared) (p < 0.01). The results revealed that patients with dentures had great difficulty to recognize the bitter taste, followed by the salty, sweet, and sour.ConclusionThe presence of the denture was able to modify the perception of taste when compared to its absence, especially for the bitter taste.
Safety and efficacy of unilateral topical application of rocuronium bromide in healthy scops owls (Otus scops)
Authors: Cantero Francisco , Ortillés Ángel , Peña María T. , Gogova Savina , Molina Rafael , Ríos José , Leiva Marta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of unilateral topical application of rocuronium bromide in scops owls.Animals studiedTen healthy adult scops owls.ProceduresBirds weighting between 82‐111 g were enrolled. Complete physical and ophthalmic examinations were performed. Each animal received a single dose of 0.15 mg of rocuronium bromide (30 µL) in a randomly selected eye. Static pupillometric evaluations were performed before and after drug instillation at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, in a room with fixed light intensity. Physical and ophthalmic examinations were carried out to evaluate possible adverse effects.ResultsMedian pupil (95% CI) size att0was 7.10 mm (5.51‐7.41) for placebo eyes and 7.22 mm (6.93‐7.48) for treated eyes, showing no statistical differences (P > .05). When compared to the placebo eye, significant mydriasis was achieved att30[8.18 mm (7.22‐9.00)] (P = .014) and lasting untilt90[7.35 mm (6.20‐9.52)] (P = .004). Maximal mydriasis was obtained att60[8.63 mm (7.72‐9.81)] (P = .001). During this period, the treated eye no longer responded to direct light stimulation. Complete mydriasis was observed in 5/10 birds (mean weight 97.4 g). Pupil size att90andt120did not differ from baseline (P > .05) in treated eyes. No adverse effects were seen during the study period.ConclusionSingle‐dose topical rocuronium bromide (0.15 mg) is a safe and effective medium duration mydriatic agent in scops owls. Further studies are needed to evaluate bilateral topical application and standardize the mydriatic protocol.
Morphological and Genetic Diversity of Two Forms of Muksun Coregonus muksun (Salmonidae) of the Khatanga River Basin as a Key for Understanding the Phylogenetic Relationships between Muksun and Whitefish C. lavaretus
Authors: Borovikova E. A. , Budin Yu. V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Morphological analysis of muksun Coregonus muksun of the Khatanga River basin revealed that along with its typical high-density-rakered form, individuals of the low-density-rakered form also live in this region. Analysis of the genetic polymorphism of three marker regions of mitochondrial (ND1 and COI fragments) and nuclear (ITS1) DNA indicates the polyphyletic origin of these forms. The revealed low level of genetic differentiation of muksun and whitefish C. lavaretus, along with the available data on the absence of clear diagnostic species characteristics, suggest that they belong to the same biological species C. lavaretus.
Empower to connect and connect to empower: experience in using a humanistic approach to improve patients’ access to, and experience of, care in isolation wards during the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore
Authors: Woong Natalie Liling , Ekstrom Victoria Sze Min , Xin Xiaohui , Lim Crystal , Boon Evelyn Swee Kim , Teo Shaun Wei Jie , Ng Patrick Chee Sang , Ang Tricia Pei Shin , Lim Shu Hui , Lam Amanda Yun Rui , Fan Esther Monica Peijin , Ang Shin Yuh , Chow Wan Cheng 
Published: January 2021

Patients admitted to the isolation ward during the COVID-19 outbreak face multiple psychosocial stressors including the disruptive experience of being in quarantine, anxiety over contracting a newly emerging infectious disease and limited access to their healthcare team. This quality improvement project aims to leverage on technology to improve patients’ access to, and experience of, care while in isolation.Patients admitted to two isolation wards in Singapore General Hospital (SGH) between 28 February and 19 March 2020 were each provided an iPad loaded with the MyCare application (app), curated materials and mobile games. During this period, 83 of them accessed the device and the app. MyCare app is an app developed by the nursing team in SGH as part of an existing interprofessional collaboration to help patients navigate their care during their inpatient stay. In response to COVID-19, MyCare app was supplemented with materials to address affected patients’ informational and psychosocial needs. These materials included an information sheet on COVID-19, interviews with previous severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors, psychosocial support materials, and uplifting literature, illustrated storybooks and artwork.This paper describes the process of planning for, and executing, the intervention and reports the initial results of its effect. Initial feedback indicated a positive response to the intervention. 9 out of 10 respondents (90%) rated their hospital experience with a maximum of five stars and all 10 respondents (100%) rated the psychosocial support materials with five stars. Doctors managing the patients also observed a reduction in the number of commonly asked questions following the deployment of the iPad.This quality improvement project is ongoing with plans for further research to determine how to better support the psychosocial needs of patients in isolation during a novel disease outbreak. This report is written based on the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence guidelines.
Effects of flavourants and humectants on waterpipe tobacco puffing behaviour, biomarkers of exposure and subjective effects among adults with high versus low nicotine dependence
Authors: Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Mehta Toral , Hale Jessica J , Leavens Eleanor L S , Shihadeh Alan , Eissenberg Thomas , Brinkman Marielle C , Wagener Theodore L 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionFlavourants and humectants in waterpipe tobacco (WT) increase product appeal. Removal of these constituents, however, is associated with increased intensity of WT puffing, likely due to reduced nicotine delivery efficiency. To clarify the potential public health outcomes of restrictions on flavourants or humectants in WT, we evaluated the effects of these constituents on puffing behaviours, biomarkers of exposure and subjective effects among adults with high versus low WT dependence.MethodsN=39 high dependence and N=49 low dependence WT smokers (Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale scores>10 = high dependence) completed four smoking sessions in a cross-over experiment. Conditions were preferred flavour with humectant (+F+H), preferred flavour without humectant (+F-H), unflavoured with humectant (−F+H) and unflavoured without humectant (−F−H). Measures of puff topography, plasma nicotine and expired carbon monoxide (eCO) boost, and subjective effects were assessed.ResultsLevel of WT dependence modified the effect of WT condition on average flow rate, average puff volume and eCO boost. Although, overall, participants puffed the +F+H WT least intensely and −F−H WT most intensely, this association was strongest among WT smokers with high dependence. Participants preferred smoking the +F+H WT and achieved the largest plasma nicotine boost in that condition.DiscussionFindings underscore the complexity of setting product standards related to flavourants and humectants in WT. Future research evaluating whether WT smokers with high dependence would quit or reduce their WT smoking in response to removal of flavourants or humectants from WT is necessary to appreciate the full public health effects of such policies.
Correlation between Serum Bone Turnover Markers and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Chinese Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Zhu Xuming , Zhou Ying , Hong Shanchao , Xue Yifeng , Cui Yubao 
Published: January 2021

Objective. Diabetes is a growing global public health concern with many significant disease complications. Multiple studies show that bone turnover markers (BTMs) are decreased in diabetes patients, indicating impaired bone metabolism in diabetes patients. A recent study also showed that in diabetes patients, BTMs are correlated with urine albumin to creatinine ratio, an indicator of nephropathy. However, whether BTMs are correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in diabetes remains unknown. This retrospective study accessed correlations between serum BTMs and eGFR in Chinese patients with diabetes and compare levels of BTMs and eGFR between diabetic patients and healthy individuals. Methods. This study analyzed data from 221 diabetic patients (include type1 and type 2 diabetes) and 155 healthy individuals. Serum BTM levels and eGFR were compared between diabetic patients and healthy individuals. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess correlations between BTMs and eGFR. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender and age was performed to measure odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of BTMs on diabetes. Results. Patients with diabetes had significant lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels (

15.07
±
6.20

ng
/
mL

) than healthy group (

17.89
±
6.41

ng
/
mL

) (

P
<
0.05

). For patients with diabetes, eGFR was negatively correlated with osteocalcin (OC) (

r
=
−
0.434

,

P
<
0.05

), procollagen type 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) (

r
=
−
0.350

,

P
<
0.05

), and β-carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) (

r
=
−
0.179

,

P
<
0.05

) levels. For healthy people, eGFR was negatively correlated with 25(OH)D (

r
=
−
0.290

,

P
<
0.05

) levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender (mean age of diabetes was 64.9 years and the percentage of female was 66.9%, mean age of healthy people was 48.4 years and the percentage of female was 37.4%) showed that 25(OH)D (

OR
=
0.909

,

95
%
CI
=
0.862
−
0.959

,

P
<
0.05

) was protective factors for diabetes. Conclusions. In the stage of diabetic nephropathy, bone turnover may accelerate. It is important to detect BTMs in the stage of diabetic nephropathy.
Newly Identified Members of FGFR1 Splice Variants Engage in Cross-talk with AXL/AKT Axis in Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Humtsoe Joseph O. , Kim Hyun-Su , Leonard Brandon , Ling Shizhang , Keam Bhumsuk , Marchionni Luigi , Afsari Bahman , Considine Michael , Favorov Alexander V. , Fertig Elana J. , Kang Hyunseok , Ha Patrick K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the second most common malignancy of the salivary gland. Although characterized as an indolent tumor, ACC often leads to incurable metastatic disease. Patients with ACC respond poorly to currently available therapeutic drugs and factors contributing to the limited response remain unknown. Determining the role of molecular alterations frequently occurring in ACC may clarify ACC tumorigenesis and advance the development of effective treatment strategies. Applying Splice Expression Variant Analysis and outlier statistics on RNA sequencing of primary ACC tumors and matched normal salivary gland tissues, we identified multiple alternative splicing events (ASE) of genes specific to ACC. In ACC cells and patient-derived xenografts, FGFR1 was a uniquely expressed ASE. Detailed PCR analysis identified three novel, truncated, intracellular domain-lacking FGFR1 variants (FGFR1v). Cloning and expression analysis suggest that the three FGFR1v are cell surface proteins, that expression of FGFR1v augmented pAKT activity, and that cells became more resistant to pharmacologic FGFR1 inhibitor. FGFR1v-induced AKT activation was associated with AXL function, and inhibition of AXL activity in FGFR1v knockdown cells led to enhanced cytotoxicity in ACC. Moreover, cell killing effect was increased by dual inhibition of AXL and FGFR1 in ACC cells. This study demonstrates that these previously undescribed FGFR1v cooperate with AXL and desensitize cells to FGFR1 inhibitor, which supports further investigation into combined FGFR1 and AXL inhibition as an effective ACC therapy.
This study identifies several FGFR1 variants that function through the AXL/AKT signaling pathway independent of FGF/FGFR1, desensitizing cells to FGFR1 inhibitor suggestive of a potential resistance mechanism in ACC.

Significance:
This study identifies several FGFR1 variants that function through the AXL/AKT signaling pathway independent of FGF/FGFR1, desensitizing cells to FGFR1 inhibitor, suggestive of a potential resistance mechanism in ACC.