bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of the glycaemic control on the severity of the delirium in the advanced phase of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Martocchia Antonio , Scarienzi Marta , Prunas Pietro , Bentivegna Enrico , Cacciafesta Mauro , Martelletti Paolo , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: December 2020

Background: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and delirium are common in advanced phases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Thirty-eight moderate-severe AD patients were enrolled (n=16 affected by type 2 diabetes). Each patient received a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) (including evaluation of BPSD and frailty), and a complete metabolic evaluation (including the measurement of the glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c). Results: Both the hyper- and hypo-glycaemic extremes of the glycaemic spectrum worsened BPSD, but delirium was more susceptible to hypoglycaemic events. The severity of delirium was significantly related to cognitive function (r = -0.585, p<0.001) and frailty (r = +0.440, p<0.05). Conclusions: The measurement of HbA1c was useful for evaluating the risk of delirium in relationship to glycaemic control and nutritional status.
Detection of Cell-Fusing Agent virus across ecologically diverse populations of Aedes aegypti on the Caribbean island of Saint Lucia
Authors: Jeffries Claire L. , White Mia , Wilson Louisia , Yakob Laith , Walker Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Background. Outbreaks of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have recently occurred in the Caribbean. The geographical range of the principal vectors responsible for transmission, Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus are increasing and greater mosquito surveillance is needed in the Caribbean given international tourism is so prominent. The island of Saint Lucia has seen outbreaks of DENV and CHIKV in the past five years but vector surveillance has been limited with the last studies dating back to the late 1970s. Natural disasters have changed the landscape of Saint Lucia and the island has gone through significant urbanisation. Methods. In this study, we conducted an entomological survey of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus distribution across the island and analysed environmental parameters associated with the presence of these species in addition to screening for medically important arboviruses and other flaviviruses. Results. Although we collected Ae. aegypti across a range of sites across the island, no Ae. albopictus were collected despite traps being placed in diverse ecological settings. The number of Ae. aegypti collected was significantly associated with higher elevation, and semi-urban settings yielded female mosquito counts per trap-day that were five-fold lower than urban settings. Screening for arboviruses revealed a high prevalence of cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV). Conclusions. Outbreaks of arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus have a history of occurring in small tropical islands and Saint Lucia is particularly vulnerable given the limited resources available to undertake vector control and manage outbreaks. Surveillance strategies can identify risk areas for predicting future outbreaks. Further research is needed to determine the diversity of current mosquito species, investigate insect-specific viruses, as well as pathogenic arboviruses, and this should also be extended to the neighbouring smaller Caribbean islands.
Sociodemographic characteristics and self-care management knowledge of patients with an ostomy
Authors: Corvese Francesco , Giordano Vittoria , Alvaro Rosaria , Vellone Ercole , Villa Giulia 
Published: December 2020

Background: An increasing number of patients worldwide are living with an ostomy. Among them, self-care management skills and stoma self-care abilities are associated with better quality of life. Aims: To identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of Italian ostomy patients and investigate their knowledge of stoma management. Methods: A questionnaire was used to gather the sociodemographic and clinical data of 433 adult patients. Participants responded to a nine-item survey assessing their knowledge of stoma management. Findings: Respondents reported having received extensive or adequate information in 64.4% of cases, and the remaining 35.6% reported receiving little or no information at any time. The health professional who imparted at least adequate information was a stoma nurse specialist in 32.1% of cases, usually during admission (24.0%) or before and during admission (19.6%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that most patients received adequate information regarding the ostomy.
Hepatitis C virus infection risk factors and test uptake in an English prison
Authors: Jack Kathryn 
Published: December 2020

Background: People in prison are a key demographic in the drive to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV). There is insufficient knowledge about risk factors for HCV among the prison population, which may partially explain low test uptake. Aims: This study aimed to understand the HCV risk factors present and HCV test uptake in an English prison. Methods: Men in prison were surveyed. The questions included whether they had been tested in current sentence, reasons for not being tested and risk factors for HCV. Findings: Of 109 respondents, 71% had not been tested in their current prison, 45% had not tested in their current sentence and 35% reported ever injecting drugs. Additional risk factors for hepatitis C included: sharing prison hair clippers (76%) and fighting in prison (44%). Conclusions: Not all people in prison with risk factors for HCV were tested. The role of intra-prison risks, such as fighting and sharing hair clippers, requires furtherexploration.
High power 739  nm VECSELs for future Yb+ ion cooling
Authors: Woods Jonathan R. C. , Kahle Hermann , Gray Alan C. , Daykin Jake , Tropper Anne C. , Gawith Corin , Guina Mircea , Apostolopoulos Vasilis 
Published: December 2020

We present an operational characterization of a vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser emitting around 739 nm with over 150 mW in a single fundamental spatial mode. Results show that the laser is capable of oscillating on a single cavity axial mode at 740 nm for up to 22 mW. Tuning of the optical emission is shown to reach 737.3 nm. Furthermore, at best performance, the laser exhibits a slope efficiency of 8.3% and a threshold power of 1.27 W for an output coupler reflectivity of 98%.
Mitigation of laser-induced contamination in vacuum in high-repetition-rate high-peak-power laser systems
Authors: Hubka Zbyněk , Novák Jakub , Majerová Irena , Green Jonathan T. , Velpula Praveen K. , Boge Robert , Antipenkov Roman , Šobr Václav , Kramer Daniel , Majer Karel , Naylon Jack A. , Bakule Pavel , Rus Bedřich 
Published: December 2020

Vacuum chambers are frequently used in high-energy, high-peak-power
laser systems to prevent deleterious nonlinear effects, which can
result from propagation in air. In the vacuum sections of the Allegra
laser system at ELI-Beamlines, we observed degradation of several
optical elements due to laser-induced contamination (LIC). This
contamination is present on surfaces with laser intensity above

30

G
W

/

c
m

2

with wavelengths of 515, 800, and
1030 nm. It can lead to undesired absorption on diffraction gratings,
mirrors, and crystals and ultimately to degradation of the laser beam
profile. Because the Allegra laser is intended to be a high-uptime
source for users, such progressive degradation is unacceptable for
operation. Here, we evaluate three methods of removing LIC from optics
in vacuum. One of them, the radio-frequency-generated plasma cleaning,
appears to be a suitable solution from the perspective of operating a
reliable, on-demand source for users.
Short- versus long-term dual antiplatelet therapy after second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Ke Junsong , Huang Jun , Xu Kai , Chen Yun 
Published: December 2020

Background
Diabetes is considered to be a high-risk factor for thromboembolic events. However, available data about the optimal dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) after second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation are scant.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of various DAPT durations on clinical outcomes in patients with DM after second-generation DES implantation.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies that compared short-term (≤ 6 months) and long-term (≥ 12 months) DAPT in patients with DM. The primary endpoints were late (31–365 days) and very late (> 365 days) stent thrombosis (ST). The secondary endpoints included myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel recanalization (TVR), all-cause death, and major bleeding.

Results
Six randomized controlled trials, with a total of 3,657 patients with DM, were included in the study. In terms of the primary endpoint, there was no significant difference between the two groups in late (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.42–3.19, P = 0.79) or very late (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 0.20–24.18; P = 0.53) ST. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the secondary endpoints, including MI (OR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.72–1.71, P = 0.63), TVR (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 0.82–2.07, P = 0.26), all-cause death (OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.61–1.75, P = 0.90) and major bleeding (OR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.34–3.40, P = 0.90) between the two groups.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that compared with long-term DAPT, short-term DAPT had no significant difference in the clinical outcomes of patients with DM implanted with second-generation DES.
Elevated Coronary Artery Calcium scores are associated with tooth loss
Authors: Donders H. C. M. , IJzerman L. M. , Soffner M. , van ‘t Hof A. W. J. , Loos B. G. , de Lange J. 
Published: December 2020

Aim
This study explores the association between Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) scores and dental pathology such as missing teeth, the (peri-apical) health status and restoration grade of the teeth, and the grade of alveolar bone loss seen on a dental panoramic radiograph (Orthopantomograph–OPG).

Materials and methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data was collected from three hospitals spread in the Netherlands. Patients were included when a CAC score and an OPG were available, both recorded within a maximum period of 365 days from 2009–2017. The CAC score was measured on a CT scan, using the Agatston method. To assess dental pathology, the number of missing teeth, the number of dental implants, alveolar bone loss, caries, endodontic treatments, peri-apical radiolucencies, bone loss at implants, impacted teeth and dental cysts, were determined on the OPG. All observers were calibrated. The electronic health records provided information about: gender, age, smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and Body Mass Index (BMI).

Results
212 patients were included. We found a statistically significant association between the number of missing teeth and the CAC score. When modeling age, sex, and other well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the significant correlation was no longer present after multivariate correction. Furthermore, the results showed a trend for more teeth with peri-apical lesions and a higher percentage of mean alveolar bone loss in the group with the highest CAC scores.

Conclusion
This study showed that being edentulous or missing teeth is correlated to higher CAC scores however failed to be an independent predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The number of (missing) teeth is an easily accessible marker and could be used as a marker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) risk by almost any healthcare worker. The current study needs to be considered as an explorative pilot study and could contribute to the design of further (prospective) studies on the relationship between dental pathology and coronary artery calcification by adding clinical information and extra cardiovascular biomarkers.
Glucocorticoids with low-dose anti-IL1 anakinra rescue in severe non-ICU COVID-19 infection: A cohort study
Authors: Borie Raphael , Savale Laurent , Dossier Antoine , Ghosn Jade , Taillé Camille , Visseaux Benoit , Jebreen Kamel , Diallo Abourahmane , Tesmoingt Chloe , Morer Lise , Goletto Tiphaine , Faucher Nathalie , Hajouji Linda , Neukirch Catherine , Phillips Mathilde , Stelianides Sandrine , Bouadma Lila , Brosseau Solenn , Ottaviani Sébastien , Pluvy Johan , Le Pluart Diane , Debray Marie-Pierre , Raynaud-Simon Agathe , Descamps Diane , Khalil Antoine , Timsit Jean Francois , Lescure Francois-Xavier , Descamps Vincent , Papo Thomas , Humbert Marc , Crestani Bruno , Dieude Philippe , Vicaut Eric , Zalcman Gérard ,   on behalf of Bichat & Kremlin-Bicêtre AP-HP COVID teams
Published: December 2020

Background
The optimal treatment for patients with severe coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) and hyper-inflammation remains debated.

Material and methods
A cohort study was designed to evaluate whether a therapeutic algorithm using steroids with or without interleukin-1 antagonist (anakinra) could prevent death/invasive ventilation. Patients with a ≥5-day evolution since symptoms onset, with hyper-inflammation (CRP≥50mg/L), requiring 3–5 L/min oxygen, received methylprednisolone alone. Patients needing ≥6 L/min received methylprednisolone + subcutaneous anakinra daily either frontline or in case clinical deterioration upon corticosteroids alone. Death rate and death or intensive care unit (ICU) invasive ventilation rate at Day 15, with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% CIs, were determined according to logistic regression and propensity scores. A Bayesian analysis estimated the treatment effects.

Results
Of 108 consecutive patients, 70 patients received glucocorticoids alone. The control group comprised 63 patients receiving standard of care. In the corticosteroid±stanakinra group (n = 108), death rate was 20.4%, versus 30.2% in the controls, indicating a 30% relative decrease in death risk and a number of 10 patients to treat to avoid a death (p = 0.15). Using propensity scores a per-protocol analysis showed an OR for COVID-19-related death of 0.9 (95%CI [0.80–1.01], p = 0.067). On Bayesian analysis, the posterior probability of any mortality benefit with corticosteroids+/-anakinra was 87.5%, with a 7.8% probability of treatment-related harm. Pre-existing diabetes exacerbation occurred in 29 of 108 patients (26.9%).

Conclusion
In COVID-19 non-ICU inpatients at the cytokine release phase, corticosteroids with or without anakinra were associated with a 30% decrease of death risk on Day 15.
Función preventiva del Código Civil y Comercial y problemática ambiental
Authors: Berros Maria Valeria 
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se toma como punto de partida la distinción analítica entre las funciones de recomposición/reparación, prevención y precaución para efectuar un estudio de la función preventiva. En especial se analizan las decisiones judiciales que han resuelto acciones preventivas en relación a diferentes temas asociados con daños y riesgos ambientales.
La persona jurídica y el daño no patrimonial
Authors: Albornoz Elena Beatriz 
Published: December 2020

Desde la puesta en vigencia del Código Civil y Comercial han transcurrido cinco años. Este tiempo nos permite hacer un balance de la aplicación del Código referido a la persona jurídica y su regulación. Una temática que superó la regulación impuesta por el Código decimonónico, que contenía una normativa escueta, tanto de las perso-nas físicas como jurídicas. La sistematización en una parte general común de todas las personas jurídicas ha sido, sin lugar a dudas, un avance significativo, como también la ampliación de la enumeración de las personas jurídicas. Posterior al dictado del Código Civil y Comercial, se dictóla Ley No 27401 de Responsabilidad Penal de las Personas Jurídicas. A nuestro criterio, completó la sistemación en la órbita de la responsabilidad de las personas jurídicas. Sin embargo, nos preguntamos, si las personas jurídicas responden tanto civil como penalmente, ¿pueden ser legitimadas activas de daños extrapatrimoniales o no patrimoniales? Nos proponemos analizar el interrogante al amparo de la normativa de daño incorporado por el CCyCN.
Efectos del Código Civil y Comercial en temas societarios vinculados con la ley concursal
Authors: Prono Javier R. , Basualdo María Eugenia 
Published: December 2020

En el trabajo se abordan los efectos del Código Civil y Comercial en temas societarios vinculados con la ley concursal. Hemos trabajado con una mirada transversal con la intención de que sea una herramienta didáctica de utilidad para estudiantes.
Multimedia Teaching in Teaching of College English Reading
Authors: Zhang Wanfang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the advancement of society and the continuous development of information technology, the medium of multimedia has become an indispensable part of college English teaching. Because the traditional Web-based college English has a single teaching method, poor classroom effect, and low interest of students, this paper designs a multimedia teaching system based on a browser/server (B/S) network model and model view controller (MVC) design pattern. It is based on B/S network mode and MVC design mode and composed of a Web service layer, client layer, and database service layer. The system adopts a B/S network mode and MVC design pattern fusion mode to realize hierarchical control and different data categories and refinement and completion of the rational division of teaching resources, thus greatly improving the ability of data circulation in the teaching system. The system function design includes four parts: user registration and login, teacher teaching, student learning, and administrator management. The teacher teaching module completes the teacher’s uploading and online answering function for college English reading materials. The student learning module enables students to obtain classroom content and courses. The design of the system has improved the students’ interest in learning English and the classroom effect has also been significantly improved.
A Modified Approach for Six Sigma Quality Assessment of Product with Multiple Characteristics in Intelligent Manufacturing Environments
Authors: Chen Kuen-Suan , Chang Tsang-Chuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Process quality and yield are always crucial determinants of a firm’s competitiveness; therefore, monitoring and assessment for process quality are vital aspects of their sustainable development. The Six Sigma quality control is based on defect rate and nonconforming units to eliminate factors that cause process defects. Thus, it has become a powerful instrument for manufacturers to achieve the quality goals of only 3.4 defects per million opportunities. However, the originated Six Sigma program is based on the 1.5σ shift in the process mean to recognize the tendency of processes to shift over the long term and achieve this goal. With the production environment of intelligent manufacturing today, manufacturers keep up to date with production performance and then monitor the distance between the process mean shift and the target value at all times. This makes it possible to adopt a more rigorous standard by decreasing in allowable shift to define the quality level in Six Sigma. For this reason, this paper proposes the redefined Six Sigma quality indexes as an assessment tool and has developed a modified approach for Six Sigma quality assessment of products with multiple characteristics. The proposed method uses more rigorous standards to analyze process quality, thereby allowing manufacturers to provide industry partners or consumers with products of higher quality, meet their needs, and even enhance their own industry competitiveness to continue progressing toward sustainability. We present a real-world example to demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed approach.
Process Optimization of Antimicrobial Treatment on Tencel Knit Fabrics Using Chitosan Biopolymer
Authors: Senthil Kumar B. , Patchiyappan K. M. , Senthil Kumar C. B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The antimicrobial property of plain-knit and rib-knit Tencel fabrics has been analyzed using Taguchi L9 experimental design. The antimicrobial treatment was carried out using surface-modified Chitosan treatment through pad-dry technique. The process parameters, such as yarn count, loop length of knitted fabric, and Chitosan concentration, were independent variables. The antimicrobial characterization was done as per SN 195920. It was found that yarn count and loop length significantly impact the zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The Chitosan concentration has not influenced the antimicrobial activity of the fabric. The regression models were developed and optimized process parameters were verified through the regression model. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis have also been done to execute the confirmation of coating effectiveness. In addition, contour graph analysis has been done to understand the influencing pattern of process parameters on response.
Sedasyon Uygulanan Gastroskopik Girişimlerde Aneminin Integrated Pulmonary Index (IPI ) Skoruna Etkisi
Authors: KAZDAL Hizir , BATÇIK Şule , KAZANCIOĞLU Leyla , BAHÇECİ İlkay , AKDOĞAN Remzi 
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Endoskopik prosedürlerde sedasyon uygulamalarında çeşitli komplikasyonlar morbiditenin önde gelen nedenidir ve kılavuzlar dolaşım, solunum fonksiyonu ve ventilasyonun sürekli izlenmesini önerir. Bu izlemede kullanılabilen yöntemler den biri olan Integrated Pulmonary Index (IPI), Oksijen satürasyonu, End-tidal karbondioksit konsantrasyonu, solunum sayısı ve kalp hızı değerlerinin sürekli ve eş zamanlı ortak matematiksel analiziyle elde edilen, tek bir rakamsal değer verir ve bu girişimlerde iyi bir monitorizasyon ve takip sağlar.
Bu çalışmada gastroskopi girişimlerinde sedasyon uygulanan anemik hastalarda IPI’nın solunumsal komplikasyonların tanı ve takibindeki yerini belirlemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Gastroskopi girişimi için sedasyon uygulanan hastalar çalışma için iki gruba ayrıldı. Anemisi bulunan hastalar 1. Grup (n:155 ) olarak, anemisi bulunmayan hastalar 2. Grup (n:158- kontrol grubu ) belirlendi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, BMI, ASA fiziksel durum sınıflaması, yandaş hastalıkları, kullanılan ilaç dozları ile işlem öncesi bazal(0) ve 5. ,10. dakika ortalama arteryal kan basıncı(OAB), kalp hızı, SpO2, solunum sayısı, EtCO2, IPI değerleri tespit edildi. Takip edilen bu parametreler üzerinden solunumsal komplikasyonlar belirlenerek iki grup karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 313 hastanın % 49’u erkek olup yaş ortalaması 53±16.5 idi. İki grup arasında 0,5 ve 10. dk’lar için IPI skoru, IPI skorunu oluşturan diğer bileşenler ( SpO2, solunum hızı ve EtCO2) ve OAB açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0.05).Ancak 2. Grup hastaların, kalp hızı tüm ölçüm zamanları için 1.gruptan daha yüksek bulundu (p0.05).
Sonuç: Gastroskopik girişimlerde sedasyon uygulamalarında anemi, solunumsal komplikasyonların ortaya çıkması açısından bir risk oluşturmamaktadır. IPI monitorizasyonu, Gastroskopi girişimlerinde sedasyon uygulanan anemik hastalarda, anemisi olmayan diğer hastalar gibi doğru ve güvenli bir monitorizasyonla hastaların takibini sağlamaktadır.