bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing general relativity on cosmological scales at redshift z ∼ 1.5 with quasar and CMB lensing
Authors: Zhang Yucheng , Pullen Anthony R , Alam Shadab , Singh Sukhdeep , Burtin Etienne , Chuang Chia-Hsun , Hou Jiamin , Lyke Brad W , Myers Adam D , Neveux Richard , Ross Ashley J , Rossi Graziano , Zhao Cheng 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We test general relativity (GR) at the effective redshift $\bar{z} \sim 1.5$ by estimating the statistic EG, a probe of gravity, on cosmological scales $19 - 190\, h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$. This is the highest redshift and largest scale estimation of EG so far. We use the quasar sample with redshifts 0.8 &lt; z &lt; 2.2 from Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 16 as the large-scale structure (LSS) tracer, for which the angular power spectrum $C_\ell ^{qq}$ and the redshift-space distortion parameter β are estimated. By cross-correlating with the Planck 2018 cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing map, we detect the angular cross-power spectrum $C_\ell ^{\kappa q}$ signal at $12\, \sigma$ significance. Both jackknife resampling and simulations are used to estimate the covariance matrix (CM) of EG at five bins covering different scales, with the later preferred for its better constraints on the covariances. We find EG estimates agree with the GR prediction at $1\, \sigma$ level over all these scales. With the CM estimated with 300 simulations, we report a best-fitting scale-averaged estimate of $E_G(\bar{z})=0.30\pm 0.05$, which is in line with the GR prediction $E_G^{\rm GR}(\bar{z})=0.33$ with Planck 2018 CMB + BAO matter density fraction Ωm = 0.31. The statistical errors of EG with future LSS surveys at similar redshifts will be reduced by an order of magnitude, which makes it possible to constrain modified gravity models.
Tango for three: Sagittarius, LMC, and the Milky Way
Authors: Vasiliev Eugene , Belokurov Vasily , Erkal Denis 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We assemble a catalogue of candidate Sagittarius stream members with 5D and 6D phase-space information, using astrometric data from Gaia DR2, distances estimated from RR Lyrae stars, and line-of-sight velocities from various spectroscopic surveys. We find a clear misalignment between the stream track and the direction of the reflex-corrected proper motions in the leading arm of the stream, which we interpret as a signature of a time-dependent perturbation of the gravitational potential. A likely cause of this perturbation is the recent passage of the most massive Milky Way satellite – the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We develop novel methods for simulating the Sagittarius stream in the presence of the LMC, using specially tailored N-body simulations and a flexible parametrization of the Milky Way halo density profile. We find that while models without the LMC can fit most stream features rather well, they fail to reproduce the misalignment and overestimate the distance to the leading arm apocentre. On the other hand, models with an LMC mass in the range $(1.3\pm 0.3)\times 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ rectify these deficiencies. We demonstrate that the stream can not be modelled adequately in a static Milky Way. Instead, our Galaxy is required to lurch toward the massive in-falling Cloud, giving the Sgr stream its peculiar shape and kinematics. By exploring the parameter space of Milky Way potentials, we determine the enclosed mass within 100 kpc to be $(5.6\pm 0.4)\times 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, and the virial mass to be $(9.0\pm 1.3)\times 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, and find tentative evidence for a radially-varying shape and orientation of the Galactic halo.
The effect of stellar multiplicity on protoplanetary discs: a near-infrared survey of the Lupus star-forming region
Authors: Zurlo Alice , Cieza Lucas A , Ansdell Megan , Christiaens Valentin , Pérez Sebastián , Lovell Josh , Mesa Dino , Williams Jonathan P , Gonzalez-Ruilova Camilo , Carraro Rosamaria , Ruíz-Rodríguez Dary , Wyatt Mark 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We present results from a near-infrared (NIR) adaptive optics (AO) survey of pre-main-sequence stars in the Lupus molecular cloud with NACO at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to identify (sub)stellar companions down to ∼20-au separation and investigate the effects of multiplicity on circumstellar disc properties. We observe for the first time in the NIR with AO a total of 47 targets and complement our observations with archival data for another 58 objects previously observed with the same instrument. All 105 targets have millimetre Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimetre Array (ALMA) data available, which provide constraints on disc masses and sizes. We identify a total of 13 multiple systems, including 11 doubles and 2 triples. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the most massive (Mdust &gt; 50 M⊕) and largest (Rdust &gt; 70 au) discs are only seen around stars lacking visual companions (with separations of 20–4800 au) and that primaries tend to host more massive discs than secondaries. However, as recently shown in a very similar study of &gt;200 PMS stars in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud, the distributions of disc masses and sizes are similar for single and multiple systems for Mdust &lt; 50 M⊕ and radii Rdust &lt; 70 au. Such discs correspond to ∼80–90 per cent of the sample. This result can be seen in the combined sample of Lupus and Ophiuchus objects, which now includes more than 300 targets with ALMA imaging and NIR AO data, and implies that stellar companions with separations &gt;20 au mostly affect discs in the upper 10${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the disc mass and size distributions.
The STRING database in 2021: customizable protein–protein networks, and functional characterization of user-uploaded gene/measurement sets
Authors: Szklarczyk Damian , Gable Annika L , Nastou Katerina C , Lyon David , Kirsch Rebecca , Pyysalo Sampo , Doncheva Nadezhda T , Legeay Marc , Fang Tao , Bork Peer , Jensen Lars J , von Mering Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCellular life depends on a complex web of functional associations between biomolecules. Among these associations, protein–protein interactions are particularly important due to their versatility, specificity and adaptability. The STRING database aims to integrate all known and predicted associations between proteins, including both physical interactions as well as functional associations. To achieve this, STRING collects and scores evidence from a number of sources: (i) automated text mining of the scientific literature, (ii) databases of interaction experiments and annotated complexes/pathways, (iii) computational interaction predictions from co-expression and from conserved genomic context and (iv) systematic transfers of interaction evidence from one organism to another. STRING aims for wide coverage; the upcoming version 11.5 of the resource will contain more than 14 000 organisms. In this update paper, we describe changes to the text-mining system, a new scoring-mode for physical interactions, as well as extensive user interface features for customizing, extending and sharing protein networks. In addition, we describe how to query STRING with genome-wide, experimental data, including the automated detection of enriched functionalities and potential biases in the user's query data. The STRING resource is available online, at https://string-db.org/.
Using bio-orthogonally catalyzed lethality strategy to generate mitochondria-targeting anti-tumor metallodrugs in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Xue Xuling , Qian Chenggen , Tao Qin , Dai Yuanxin , Lv Mengdi , Dong Jingwen , Su Zhi , Qian Yong , Zhao Jing , Liu Hong-Ke , Guo Zijian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Synthetic lethality was proposed nearly a century ago by geneticists and recently applied to develop precision anti-cancer therapies. To exploit the synthetic lethality concept in the design of chemical anti-cancer agents, we developed a bio-orthogonally catalyzed lethality (BCL) strategy to generate targeting anti-tumor metallodrugs both in vitro and in vivo. Metallodrug Ru-rhein was generated from two non-toxic species Ru-N3 and rhein-alkyne via exclusive endogenous copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction without the need of an external copper catalyst. The non-toxic species Ru-arene complex Ru-N3 and rhein-alkyne were designed to perform this strategy, and the mitochondrial targeting product Ru-rhein was generated in high yield (&gt;83%) and showed high anti-tumor efficacy in vitro. This BCL strategy achieved a remarkable tumor suppression effect on the tumor-bearing mice models. It is interesting that the combination of metal-arene complexes with rhein via CuAAC reaction could transform two non-toxic species into a targeting anti-cancer metallodrug both in vitro and in vivo, while the product Ru-rhein was non-toxic towards normal cells. This is the first example that exclusive endogenous copper was used to generate metal-based anti-cancer drugs for cancer treatment. The anti-cancer mechanism of Ru-rhein was studied and autophagy was induced by increased reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage. The generality of this BCL strategy was also studied and it could be extended to other metal complexes such as Os-arene and Ir-arene complexes. Compared with the traditional methods for cancer treatment, this work presented a new approach to generating targeting metallodrugs in vivo via the BCL strategy from non-toxic species in metal-based chemotherapy.
Examining Market Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Sales in the United States: 2011–2019
Authors: Delnevo Cristine D , Hrywna Mary , Miller Lo Erin J , Wackowski Olivia A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The smokeless tobacco (SLT) industry in the U.S. continues to transform with novel products amid an evolving regulatory environment. We report SLT sales trends in the U.S. by analyzing retail market scanner data from 2011 through 2019.

Methods
National SLT sales data were obtained from Nielsen's Convenience Track System for January 2011 to December 2019. UPC codes were used to classify products by attributes including type, parent company, brand, form, and flavor. Market share was calculated as percentage of total unit sales. Detailed product analysis was presented for moist snuff, snus, and tobacco-free nicotine products.

Results
SLT sales increased by 5.8% between 2011 and 2016 but declined by 3.9% from 2016 to 2019. Moist snuff sales increased by 8.1% between 2011 and 2016 and then declined 7.4% from 2016 to 2019 but still accounted for roughly 90% of the overall market annually. Between 2011 and 2019, snus sales consistently increased while sales of chew, dry snuff, and dissolvables decreased. Tobacco-free nicotine products emerged in 2016 and captured 4.0% of the market by 2019. Portion pouch packaging and flavors showed consistent growth although their popularity varied by the type of smokeless product.

Conclusion
This study extends our previous work on U.S. SLT market trends through 2019. Overall sales increased between 2011 and 2016 but there were signs of leveling off including declining sales of moist snuff. Newer products continue to gain market share. Continued monitoring of SLT sales is needed, particularly given the new modified risk status of several products.

Implications
This study analyzed the last 9 years of smokeless tobacco market data (2011–2019) to describe recent trends in sales. Overall, the smokeless product category is quite resilient although signs suggest downward trends among some product categories and features. New types of smokeless tobacco products (eg, snus and tobacco-free nicotine pouches) account for a growing share of the market.
Dioscorea Alata Tuber Proteome Analysis Uncovers Differentially Regulated Growth-associated Pathways of Tuber Development
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Deswal Renu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
During its life cycle, the Dioscorea tuber undergoes multiple morphological and biochemical changes. To gain a better understanding of the metabolic changes associated with tuber growth, a stage-specific gel-free proteome analysis of four distinct morphological stages namely germinating tuber (S1), degrading tuber (S2), new tuber formation (S3) and tuber maturation (S4) was done and validated by principal component analysis. A comprehensive data set identifying 78.2% of the total 3,681 proteins was generated. PANTHER and KEGG MAPPER revealed both expected (carbohydrate metabolism and redox regulation) and novel biological processes (transcription factors and hormonal regulation) characteristic for each developmental stage. Higher abundance of the enzymes of ascorbate–glutathione cycle and carbohydrate metabolism was detected during tuber germination (S1) and tuber formation stages (S3) in comparison with the mature tuber. The presence of ethylene biosynthesis components during tuber formation hints toward its probable role in postharvest shelf life. The data set comprehensively describes the proteome of Dioscorea tuber and provides growth-specific markers for tuber germination (ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, invertase) and tuber formation (sucrose synthase), which were validated by enzyme activity assays and Western blotting. The study provides information that may influence the direction of research for improving the productivity of this under-utilized and largely neglected crop.
Milton’s New Hero: Homeric Revisions in Paradise Regained
Authors: Péti Miklós 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper I propose an important, but hitherto unexplored connection between Milton’s Paradise Regained and Homer’s Odyssey. I argue at length that Paradise Regained is Milton’s critical revision of the story of Telemachus, the section of the Odyssey presenting the trials of Odysseus’s son. Recognizing Telemachus as Milton’s chief classical model for the Jesus of Paradise Regained provides solid grounding for earlier critics’ intuitions about Milton’s classicism, and it also sheds new light on Milton’s radically innovative poetic method.
Recent advances in targeted drug delivery for treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Mehta Shikhar , He Tengfei , Bajpayee Ambika G. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
Osteoarthritis is associated with severe joint pain, inflammation, and cartilage degeneration. Drugs injected directly into intra-articular joint space clear out rapidly providing only short-term benefit. Their transport into cartilage to reach cellular targets is hindered by the tissue's dense, negatively charged extracellular matrix. This has limited, despite strong preclinical data, the clinical translation of osteoarthritis drugs. Recent work has focused on developing intra-joint and intra-cartilage targeting drug delivery systems (DDS) to enable long-term therapeutic response, which is presented here.

Recent findings
Synovial joint targeting hybrid systems utilizing combinations of hydrogels, liposomes, and particle-based carriers are in consideration for pain-inflammation relief. Cartilage penetrating DDS target intra-cartilage constituents like aggrecans, collagen II, and chondrocytes such that drugs can reach their cellular and intra-cellular targets, which can enable clinical translation of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs including gene therapy.

Summary
Recent years have witnessed significant increase in both fundamental and clinical studies evaluating DDS for osteoarthritis. Steroid encapsulating polymeric microparticles for longer lasting pain relief were recently approved for clinical use. Electrically charged biomaterials for intra-cartilage targeting have shown promising disease-modifying response in preclinical models. Clinical trials evaluating safety of viral vectors are ongoing whose success can pave the way for gene therapy as osteoarthritis treatment.
Lung Transplantation in COPD
Authors: Cheronis Nicholas , Rabold Erica , Singh Anil , Cheema Tariq 
Published: November 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality both in the United States and worldwide. Despite advances in medical treatment including smoking cessation, bronchodilator therapy, oxygen administration, and pulmonary rehabilitation, patients with advanced COPD still suffer significant debility. For select patients with severe COPD, there are additional surgical options including lung volume reduction surgery and ultimately lung transplantation.
This article discusses the history, clinical indications, selection of candidates, choice of procedure, and outcomes of lung transplantation in patients with advanced COPD. In addition, certain aspects of potential short- and long-term complications of transplantation will also be discussed.
MACULAR HOLE–RELATED RETINAL DETACHMENT COMPLICATING AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE BESTROPHINOPATHY: CLINICAL FEATURES, MULTIMODAL IMAGING, AND SURGICAL OUTCOME
Authors: Abdullatif Abdussalam M. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To report a case of full-thickness macular–hole related retinal detachment in a patient with autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy.

Methods:
A 3-year-old boy presented for squint assessment. In the examination, there were typical features of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy in the left eye and a macular hole–related retinal detachment in his right eye. Color fundus photography, autofluorescence, fundus fluorescence angiography, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were recorded.

Results:
Optical coherence tomography of the right eye showed a full-thickness macular hole retinal detachment. The retina showed retinoschisis affecting the inner and outer nuclear layer at the fovea and parafoveal region. Also, hyperreflective dots were seen at the hole and on the inner retinal surface. The left eye showed subretinal fluid with stalactite-like extensions into the subretinal space, and hyperreflective material seen above the retinal pigment epithelium. Fundus autofluorescence showed hyperautofluorescence at the fovea of the right eye and punctate hyperautofluorescent spots in the mid-periphery of the left eye. After pars plana vitrectomy and temporal internal limiting membrane flap, the hole was closed and all the schitic cavities collapsed at the sixth-week follow-up visit.

Conclusion:
A full-thickness macular hole–related retinal detachment can develop in autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy in the pediatric age group. Pars plana vitrectomy with temporal internal limiting membrane flap may be helpful for successful surgical repair.
TRAMADOL-ASSOCIATED BILATERAL CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Miere Alexandra , Bustros Youssef , Pallone Carlotta , Barbalan Elena A. , Amoroso Francesca , Zambrowski Olivia , Souied Eric H. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To describe a case of bilateral cystoid macular edema in a patient with long-standing tramadol hydrochloride use.

Methods:
Observational case report.

Results:
A 73-year-old female patient was referred for progressive, bilateral decreased visual acuity. The patient was phakic with a best-corrected visual acuity at presentation was 20/50 on the right eye and 20/64 on the left eye. The patient had a history of low back pain and had been on tramadol hydrochloride 200 mg/day for 16 years. Bilateral cystoid macular edema was confirmed by means of multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography. Tramadol intake was progressively reduced over one month and then completely interrupted. At 3 months follow-up, the cystoid macular edema had completely resolved and the best-corrected visual acuity improved in both eyes.

Conclusion:
Cystoid macular edema may be associated with longstanding treatment with tramadol hydrochloride. Tramadol hydrochloride–associated cystoid macular edema is described and its resolution on tramadol cessation.
Clinical characteristics and treatment effects of astragalus injection in non-pediatric patients with acute fulminant myocarditis
Authors: Yang Hongmin , Lu Yang , Yang Han , Yuan Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To explore the clinical characteristics of non-pediatric patients with acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM) and evaluate the treatment effects of astragalus injection on this disease.
A total of 54 AFM patients were screened out from 586 patients with acute myocarditis, admitted to the department of cardiology between January 2011 to June 2018. The demographic and clinical data, investigations, treatments, and short-term outcomes were collected and retrospectively analyzed.
The mean age of the 54 AFM patients was 34 ± 16.5 years old (range: 13–70 years), including 24 (44.5%) men and 30 (55.5%) women, with a high incidence in 2 age groups: 13–19 and 40–49 years old, despite an inverse trend to the increase of age. All these cases were admitted in emergency conditions: 26 (48.1%) cardiogenic shock, 18 (33.4%) malignant arrhythmias, 8 (14.8%) severe heart failure, and 2 (3.7%) acute pericardial tamponade. Apart from first-aid measures, 37 (68.5%) patients received astragalus injection. During hospitalization, 11 (20.4%) patients died, and 4 (36.3%) of them were from astragalus group while 7 (63.7%) of them from without-astragalus group (P=0.03). Furthermore, the levels of cardiac injury biomarkers, renal function and left ventricular ejection fraction of astragalus group were significantly improved compared with those of without-astragalus group at discharge (all P < .05).
Middle-aged people were also prone to AFM. And cardiac shock was the most common, while acute pericardial tamponade was a rare presentation in non-pediatric AFM patients. Astragalus was a potential adjuvant medicine for the treatment of AFM.
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Kangfuxin in combination with rabeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer
Authors: Lin Meisi , Zhang Siyuan , Zhang Minyue , Shi Jinfeng , Zhang Chen , Luo Ruifeng , You Jieshu , Sun Jiayi , Zhang Jinming , Gao Fei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Kangfuxin (KFX), a well-known Chinese patent medicine which extracted from Periplaneta americana, is widely used as an adjuvant in the treatment of peptic ulcers (PUs) with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as rabeprazole, in China. However, no clear consensus has been reached on the efficacy for PU treatment.

Methods:
We searched in 7 electronic databases to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) completed before May 31, 2020 to explore the clinical efficiency of KFX plus rabeprazole in the treatment of PU. Risk ratio (RR) corresponding to 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the outcomes. Publication bias was assessed by both Egger's and Begg's tests. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata version 10.0.

Results:
Twenty-five RCTs, comprising 2555 PU patients, were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that, when compared with rabeprazole-based treatment alone, KFX plus rabeprazole significantly improved the healing rate (RR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.25–1.44) and overall response rate of ulcers (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.13–1.20), alleviated the clinical symptoms of PU (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.21), and reduced the recurrence of PU (RR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.61) without an increase in the occurrence of adverse events (RR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.66–1.28).

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that KFX combined with rabeprazole showed positive therapeutic effects and is safe for treating PU, which may provide more reliable evidence for the clinical use of KFX in the treatment of PU.