bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin A administration in lizards during tail regeneration determines epithelial mucogenesis and delays muscle and cartilage differentiation
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRegenerating epidermis and spinal cord is essential to maintain tail regeneration in lizards. The effects of vitamin A, an inhibitor of epithelial cornification, have been studied in lizards during tail regeneration. The injection of high doses of vitamin A induces regeneration of a thinner tail with gummy consistency and suppression of the formation of a normal cartilaginous axial skeleton. Microscopic analysis reveals that all epithelia increase the secretion of glycoprotein‐mucus. During the analyzed period the epidermis does not form scales and keratinocytes limit or stop the production of bundles of intermediate filament keratins and packets of corneous beta‐proteins (β‐keratins). Differentiation of oberhautchen and β‐layers is much reduced or inhibited while α‐keratinization and the formation of a corneous layer are affected as well. The effects of vitamin A are dramatic also on mesoderm cells since the treatment stimulates an invasion of blood cells likely due to the disruption of the wall of blood vessels, mesenchymal cell death (pycnosis), and diffuse phagocytosis by immune cells. A delay of cartilage differentiation and cartilage degradation due to an increase of lysosomes in these cells or released by white blood cells explains the lack of stiffness of the regenerating tail after vitamin A treatment. Regenerating muscles are variably affected, ranging from a variable necrotic effect with partial degradation of internal organelles and myofilaments to a massive or complete loss of myofibrils that do not organize in sarcomeres. In general hypervitaminosis A appears to delay epithelial but also mesodermal cell differentiation and maintains the regenerating tail in an immature condition.
Access to prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV along HIV services cascade through integrated active case management in 15 operational districts in Cambodia
Authors: Samreth Sovannarith , Keo Vannak , Tep Romaing , Ke Angheng , Ouk Vichea , Ngauv Bora , Mam Sovatha , Ferradini Laurent , Ly Penh S , Mean Chhi V , Delvaux Therese 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionFollowing the introduction of option B+ in 2013, and with the perspective of eliminating mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV by 2025, Cambodia has implemented an integrated active case management (IACM) approach since 2014 to improve the notification and follow‐up of all HIV‐infected cases including pregnant women, and to ensure access to and use of the full prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) service package by HIV‐infected pregnant women and their HIV‐exposed infants. This study aimed to analyse PMTCT cascade data in 15 operational districts (ODs) implementing the IACM approach in Cambodia.MethodsWe analysed PMTCT cohort data from 15 ODs implementing IACM approach between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016. We measured key indicators along the PMTCT cascade and compared them to available (cross‐sectional) PMTCT indicators during the 2011 to 2013 period.ResultsDuring the period 2014 to 2016, among 938 identified HIV‐infected pregnant women, 308 (32.8%) were tested HIV positive during their pregnancy, 9 (1.0%) during labour, while the remaining 621 (66.2%) were women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who became pregnant. During the study period, 867 (92.4%) of the 938 women received ART during pregnancy and labour. Subsequently, 456 (85.6%) of the 533 HEI born and alive during the study period received 6‐week antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis, 390 (76.6%) and 396 (77.8%) of the 509 infants aged six weeks or older received cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and HIV‐DNA PCR test respectively. Among the 396 HEI who received HIV‐DNA PCR test, 7 (1.8%) were found HIV positive. The comparison with cross‐sectional PMTCT indicator obtained during the previous 2011 to 2013 period in the same 15 ODs, showed a significant increase in ARV uptake among HIV‐infected pregnant women (from 72.3% to 92.4%), in cotrimoxazole uptake (from 41.6% to 73.2%), and in HIV‐DNA PCR testing coverage among HEI (from 41.2% to 74.3%).ConclusionsThe implementation of option B+ and IACM may have contributed to the improvement of the PMTCT cascade in Cambodia. However, some gaps in accessing PMTCT services along the HIV cascade persist and need to be addressed.
A reassessment of the cranial morphology of Neoepiblema acreensis (Rodentia: Chinchilloidea), a Miocene rodent from South America
Authors: Kerber Leonardo , Ferreira José D. , Negri Francisco R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe rodent Neoepiblema acreensis (Chinchilloidea: Neoepiblemidae) is member of a lineage that reached gigantic dimensions during the Late Miocene of South America—the Neoepiblemidae. In this paper, the cranial anatomy of this rodent is reviewed. Noninvasive imaging is used to reveal internal structures. Our review is based mainly on an almost complete cranium from the Upper Miocene deposits of the western Amazonia of Brazil. The cranium has an elongated rostrum, large frontal sinuses, a deep temporal fossa, well‐developed sagittal, nuchal, medial occipital, and secondary crests, and a tympanic fenestra connected to the external acoustic meatus by a thin ventral cleft. Remarkably, the cranium shows the presence of fossae on the posterior region of the frontal and parietal bones, and a “W‐shaped” fronto‐parietal suture, which are not present in other analyzed chinchilloids. This study contributes to the knowledge of the morphology of this extinct rodent as well as to the phylogenetic relationships and paleobiology of neoepiblemids.
Assessment of uncertainty in multi‐model means of downscaled South Florida precipitation for projected (2019–2099) climate
Authors: Infanti Johnna M. , Kirtman Ben P. , Aumen Nicholas G. , Stamm John , Polsky Colin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSouth Florida resource management, particularly the Everglades restoration effort, is beginning to consider projections of precipitation from multiple climate models for decision‐making. Because precipitation changes can significantly affect the Everglades ecosystem, characterization of precipitation projection uncertainty is important for resource management decisions, and reduction of uncertainty is desired for better decision‐making. Though uncertainty of precipitation projections has been characterized for many regions, uncertainty has not been sufficiently quantified for South Florida. This study builds upon prior results for projected Florida precipitation by considering recent climate model simulations, seasonal and spatial information, and uncertainty quantification and reduction. We identify the multi‐model mean change in South Florida precipitation and characterize the uncertainty of 37 statistically downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models. For 2019–2045, there is a likely (over 60% of ensemble members) increase in South Florida annual mean precipitation owing to a likely to very likely (near 90% of ensemble members) increase in dry season (November, December, and January) precipitation, while wet season (June, July, and August) shows a more likely than not (over 50% of ensemble members) decrease in precipitation in the southern region and increase in precipitation in the northern region of South Florida. As South Florida agencies are on the verge of including precipitation projections in their upcoming planning horizon, this information will aid South Florida climate data users in decisions influenced by future rainfall.
Development of a near‐real‐time global in situ daily precipitation dataset for 0000–0000 UTC
Authors: Yang Su , Jones Phil D. , Jiang Hui , Zhou Zijiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we have developed a global in situ daily precipitation dataset based on quasi‐real‐time sub‐daily observations of precipitation totals for the 0000–0000 UTC (Co‐ordinated Universal Time) day everywhere in the world. The sub‐daily precipitation data from meteorological stations are obtained via the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS) and China Meteorological Administration Net (CMANet) archived by the National Meteorological Information Centre (NMIC) in China and the Integrated Surface Database (ISD) released by the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) in the USA. We have combined these three sources into a global dataset, referred to as NMIC. Accumulated precipitation totals (depending on the country and the WMO region) are transmitted at a variety of times on the GTS. Of these, about 4,500 stations report daily for the 0000–0000 UTC day. Here, we significantly add to this, by developing two‐way accumulation algorithms to decompose other reported sub‐daily totals to shorter intervals, and then re‐cumulate them where possible to the 0000–0000 UTC day. Using these algorithms, we increase by 51.1% of the number of stations during 2009–2016 to around 6,800 day−1. Additionally, date boundary adjustment (sliding between 1 and 6 hours either side of 0000 UTC) raises the data volume to between 7,800 and 8,700 day−1. We compare our NMIC product with the First Guess Daily (FGD) product from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) and GHCN‐Daily from NCEI (National Centers for Environmental Information). Root mean square differences between our NMIC and GPCC FGD products over the 2009–2016 period are around 3.4–3.7 mm·day−1 and the average consistency percentage is about 75.1–76.8%. Greater differences between NMIC and GHCN‐daily are found which are probably due to the non‐uniform date boundary in GHCN‐Daily.
Effects on hip stress following sacroiliac joint fixation: A finite element study
Authors: Joukar Amin , Chande Ruchi D. , Carpenter R. Dana , Lindsey Derek P. , Erbulut Deniz U. , Yerby Scott A. , Duhon Bradley , Goel Vijay K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor those patients who suffer from low back pain generated by the sacroiliac (SI) joint, fusion of the SI joint has proven to be an effective means of stabilizing it and reducing pain. Though it has shown promise, SI joint fusion raises clinical questions regarding its effect on neighboring joints such as the hip. As such, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SI joint fixation on the hip. A finite element spine‐sacroiliac‐hip (SSIH) model was developed and its functionality was verified against SI joint range of motion (ROM) and hip contact stress, respectively. The intact model was fixed in double leg stance at the distal femora, and loading was applied at the lumbar spine to simulate stance, flexion, extension, right and left lateral bending, and right and left axial rotation. Functionality was confirmed by measuring and comparing SI joint ROM and contact stress and area at the hip with data from the literature. Following verification of the intact SSIH model, both unilateral and bilateral SI joint fixation were modeled; hip contact stress and area were compared to the intact state. Average hip contact stress was ~2 MPa, with most motions resulting in changes less than 5% relative to intact; contact area changed less than 10% for any motion. Clinical significance: these results demonstrated that SI joint fixation with triangular titanium implants imparted little change in stress at the hip, which suggests that the risk of developing adjacent segment disease is likely low. Future clinical studies may be executed to confirm the results of this computational study.
Simultaneous determination of eight bioactive constituents of Zhi‐Zi‐Hou‐Po decoction in rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zhu Heyun , Guan Jiao , Shi Jianyi , Pan Xu , Chang Sheng , Zhang Tianyi , Feng Bo , Gu Jingkai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractZhi‐Zi‐Hou‐Po Decoction, consisting of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils., and Citrus aurantium L, is a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine formula for the treatment of depression. In order to make good and rational use of this formula in the future, a sensitive, selective, and reliable ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of two iridoid glycosides (geniposide and genipin gentiobioside), two lignans (honokiol and magnolol), four flavonoid glycosides (isonaringin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin), the major bioactive constituents of Zhi‐Zi‐Hou‐Po Decoction, in rat plasma using paeoniflorin as internal standard. Plasma samples were pretreated by a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was performed on a shim‐pack XR‐ODS C18 column (75 × 3.0 mm, 2.2 µm) using gradient elution with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Mass spectrometric detection was conducted on a 3200 QTRAP mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization source in negative ionization mode. Quantification was performed using multiple reactions monitoring mode. Calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r > 0.9947) over a wide concentration range for all analytes, and the lower limits of quantification were 10, 5, 1, 5, 1, 5, 1, and 5 ng/mL for geniposide, genipin gentiobioside, honokiol, magnolol, isonaringin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin, respectively. The intraday and interday precisions at three quality control levels were less than 12.3% and the accuracies ranged from −11.2 to 10.7%. Extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were satisfactory in rat plasma. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of the eight analytes after oral administration of Zhi‐Zi‐Hou‐Po decoction to rats.
Enrichments of post‐translational modifications in proteomic studies
Authors: Pieroni Luisa , Iavarone Federica , Olianas Alessandra , Greco Viviana , Desiderio Claudia , Martelli Claudia , Manconi Barbara , Sanna Maria Teresa , Messana Irene , Castagnola Massimo , Cabras Tiziana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMore than 300 different protein post‐translational modifications are currently known, but only a few have been extensively investigated because modified proteoforms are commonly present in sub‐stoichiometry amount. For this reason, improvement of specific enrichment techniques is particularly useful for the proteomic characterization of post‐translationally modified proteins. Enrichment proteomic strategies could help the researcher in the challenging issue to decipher the complex molecular cross‐talk existing between the different factors influencing the cellular pathways. In this review the state of art of the platforms applied for the enrichment of specific and most common post‐translational modifications, such as glycosylation and glycation, phosphorylation, sulfation, redox modifications (i.e. sulfydration and nitrosylation), methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitinylation, are described. Enrichments strategies applied to characterize less studied post‐translational modifications are also briefly discussed.
Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for trace level analysis of migrated secondary alkanesulfonate from poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) into food simulants
Authors: Narayana Ramesh , Kumar Arun , Vanderweele Chris , Rodgers Patrick A. , Vade Nath Rajesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSecondary alkanesulfonate has been widely used as an antistatic additive in polymers for producing anti‐dust food packaging containers. Currently, no reported method exists for accurate quantification of secondary alkanesulfonate in ethanolic and acidic food simulants. A new liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to quantify the migrated amount of secondary alkanesulfonate at trace levels in food simulants from a poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) containing secondary alkanesulfonate. The poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) samples loaded with the antistatic additive were exposed to various food simulants. The collected extracts were directly analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in electrospray ionization negative mode. As secondary alkanesulfonate is a mixture containing C14 to C17 chain lengths, it was separated on a Poroshell 120 EC‐C8 column adopting methanol water gradient program. The migration of secondary alkanesulfonate ranged from 58 to 329 ppb; which is well within the allowed permissible regulatory limits and the adopted method was validated by conducting spiking studies and acceptable recoveries were obtained. The developed method was not only sensitive to detect lower levels of the migrated antistatic additive, but it also avoided more cumbersome sample preparation methodologies like sample enrichment and other derivatization approaches.
How much is the accuracy of activation energy affected by ignoring thermal inertia?
Authors: Vyazovkin Sergey 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis work estimates the magnitude of the effect of thermal inertia on the value of the activation energy determined from heat‐flux differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data. The estimates are obtained via analysis of the literature data on crystallization of copper and thermal degradation of isotactic polystyrene (iPS). The copper crystallization data have been obtained for very large masses (200 mg) and fast heating rates up to 80 K min−1. The iPS degradation data have been collected on small masses (3 mg) and at the heating rates up to 20 K min−1. For crystallization of copper, the Kissinger activation energy obtained from the DSC data corrected for thermal inertia is 34% larger than the value estimated from uncorrected data. This difference drops to 8% and becomes statistically insignificant when the fastest heating rate used is decreased to 10 K min−1. For iPS degradation, the difference in the isoconversional activation energies estimated, respectively, from corrected and uncorrected DSC data is less than 3% and is not statistically significant. Overall, the effect of thermal inertia on the activation energy appears negligible provided that DSC measurements are conducted on smaller samples and at slower heating rates, that is, as advised by the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC) recommendations. It is suggested that the difference in the activation energies should generally be within the typical 5‐10% uncertainty as long as the product of the time constant and the maximum heating rate does not exceed 2‐3 K.
Early Switch From Tacrolimus to Everolimus After Liver Transplantation: Outcomes at 2 Years
Authors: Saliba Faouzi , Duvoux Christophe , Dharancy Sébastien , Dumortier Jérôme , Calmus Yvon , Gugenheim Jean , Kamar Nassim , Salamé Ephrem , Neau‐Cransac Martine , Vanlemmens Claire , Durand François , Pageaux Georges , Leroy Vincent , Hardwigsen Jean , Gharbi Hakam , Masson Cécile , Tindel Malka , Conti Filomena 
Published: October 2019

The observational CERTITUDE study follows liver transplant patients who completed the SIMCER trial. SIMCER randomized patients at month 1 after transplant to everolimus (EVR) with stepwise tacrolimus (TAC) withdrawal or to standard TAC, both with basiliximab induction and mycophenolic acid ± steroids. After completing SIMCER at 6 months after transplant, 65 EVR‐treated patients and 78 TAC‐treated patients entered CERTITUDE. At month 24 after transplant, 34/65 (52.3%) EVR‐treated patients remained calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) free. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly higher with EVR versus TAC during months 3‐12. At month 24, eGFR values were 83.6 versus 75.3 mL/minute/1.73 m2, respectively (P = 0.90) and adjusted mean change in eGFR from randomization was −8.0 versus −13.5 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (P = 0.15). At month 24, 45.9%, 31.1%, and 23.0% of EVR‐treated patients had chronic kidney disease stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively, versus 25.7%, 45.7%, and 28.6% of TAC‐treated patients (P = 0.05). Treated biopsy‐proven acute rejection affected 4 EVR‐treated patients and 2 TAC patients during months 6‐24. Adverse events led to study discontinuation in 15.4% and 7.7% of EVR‐treated and TAC‐treated patients, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 hematological events were rare in both groups. A CNI‐free EVR‐based maintenance regimen appears feasible in approximately half of liver transplant patients. It preserves renal function effectively with good efficacy without compromising safety or hematological tolerance.
Synthesis and Aggregation of Polymer‐Amyloid β Conjugates
Authors: Evgrafova Zhanna , Rothemund Sven , Voigt Bruno , Hause Gerd , Balbach Jochen , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModulating the assembly of medically relevant peptides and proteins via macromolecular engineering is an important step in modifying their overall pathological effects. The synthesis of polymer–peptide conjugates composed of the amyloidogenic Alzheimer peptide, Aβ1‐40, and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)m acrylates) (m = 2,3) with different molecular weights (Mn = 1400–6600 g mol−1) is presented here. The challenging conjugation of a synthetic polymer to an in situ aggregating protein is established via two different coupling strategies, only successful for polymers with molecular weights not exceeding 6600 g mol−1, relying on resin‐based synthesis or solution‐based coupling chemistries. The conjugates are characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The aggregation of these polymer‐Aβ1‐40 conjugates, as monitored via thioflavine‐T (ThT)‐fluorescence spectroscopy, is accelerated mainly upon attaching the polymers. However, the appearance of the observed fibrils is different from those composed of native Aβ1‐40, specifically with respect to length and morphology of the obtained aggregates. Instead of long, unbranched fibrils characteristic for Aβ1‐40, bundles of short aggregates are observed for the conjugates. Finally, the ThT kinetics and morphologies of Aβ1‐40 fibrils formed in the presence of the conjugates give some mechanistic insights.
Synthesis of Metallopolymers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from a [2Fe‐2S] Metalloinitiator: Molecular Weight Effects on Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Karayilan Metin , McCleary‐Petersen Keelee Cathleen , Hamilton Meghan O'Brien , Fu Liye , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Glass Richard S. , Lichtenberger Dennis L. , Pyun Jeffrey 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSmall molecule biomimetics inspired by the active site of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase enzymes have shown promising electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen (H2) generation. However, most of the active‐site mimics based on [2Fe‐2S] clusters are not water‐soluble which limits the use of these electrocatalysts to organic media. Polymer‐supported [2Fe‐2S] systems, in particular, single‐site metallopolymer catalysts, have shown drastic improvements for electrocatalytic H2 generation in aqueous milieu. [2Fe‐2S] complexes functionalized within well‐defined macromolecular supports via covalent bonding have demonstrated water solubility, enhanced site‐isolation, and improved chemical stability during catalysis. In this report, the synthesis of a new propanedithiolate (pdt)‐[2Fe‐2S] complex bearing a single α‐bromoester moiety for use in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is demonstrated as a novel metalloinitiator to prepare water‐soluble poly(2‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) grafted (PDMAEMA‐g‐[2Fe‐2S]) metallopolymers. Using this approach, metallopolymers with controllable molecular weights (Mn = 5–40 kg mol−1) and low dispersity (Đ, Mw/Mn = 1.09–1.36) are prepared, which allows for the first time observation of the effect of the metallopolymers' chain length on the electrocatalytic activity. The ability to control the composition and molecular weight of these metallopolymers enables macromolecular engineering via ATRP of these materials to determine optimal structural features of metallopolymer catalysts for H2 production.