bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syncopes and clinical outcome in heart failure: results from prospective clinical study data in Germany
Authors: Hashemi Djawid , Blum Moritz , Mende Meinhard , Störk Stefan , Angermann Christiane E. , Pankuweit Sabine , Tahirovic Elvis , Wachter Rolf , Pieske Burkert , Edelmann Frank , Düngen Hans‐Dirk ,   the German Competence Network for Heart Failure
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsWhereas syncopal episodes are a frequent complication of cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure (HF), little is known whether syncopes impact the prognosis of patients with HF. We aimed to assess the impact of a history of syncope (HoS) on overall and hospitalization‐free survival of these patients.Methods and resultsWe pooled the data of prospective, nationwide, multicentre studies conducted within the framework of the German Competence Network for Heart Failure including 11 335 subjects. Excluding studies with follow‐up periods <10 years, we assessed 5318 subjects. We excluded a study focusing on cardiac changes in patients with an HIV infection because of possible confounding factors and 849 patients due to either missing key parameters or missing follow‐up data, resulting in 3594 eligible subjects, including 2130 patients with HF [1564 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 314 patients with heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction, and 252 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)] and 1464 subjects without HF considered as controls. HoS was more frequent in the overall cohort of patients with HF compared with controls (P < 0.001)—mainly driven by the HFpEF subgroup (HFpEF vs. controls: 25.0% vs. 12.8%, P < 0.001). Of all the subjects, 14.6% reported a HoS. Patients with HFrEF in our pooled cohort showed more often syncopes than subjects without HF (15.0% vs. 12.8%, P = 0.082). Subjects with HoS showed worse overall survival [42.4% vs. 37.9%, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21, 99% confidence interval (0.99, 1.46), P = 0.04] and less days alive out of hospital [HR = 1.39, 99% confidence interval (1.18, 1.64), P < 0.001] compared with all subjects without HoS. Patients with HFrEF with HoS died earlier [30.3% vs. 41.6%, HR = 1.40, 99% confidence interval (1.12, 1.74), P < 0.001] and lived fewer days out of hospital than those without HoS. We could not find these changes in mortality and hospital‐free survival in the heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction and HFpEF cohorts. HoS represented a clinically high‐risk profile within the HFrEF group—combining different risk factors. Further analyses showed that among patients with HFrEF with HoS, known cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, and anaemia) were more prevalent. These constellations of the risk factors explained the effect of HoS in a multivariable Cox regression models.ConclusionsIn a large cohort of patients with HF, HoS was found to be a clinically and easily accessible predictor of both overall and hospitalization‐free survival in patients with HFrEF and should thus routinely be assessed.
Wnt signaling associated small molecules improve the viability of pPSCs in a PI3K/Akt pathway dependent way
Authors: Li Yan , Wu Shuang , Li Xuechun , Guo Shimeng , Cai Zhuang , Yin Zhi , Zhang Yu , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough we have obtained porcine pluripotent stem cell lines (pPSCs) from blastocysts, the cells exhibit flat clonal morphology and do not support single‐cell passage. There is massive cell death after cell dissociation, and the efficiency of single‐cell colony is generally ≤10%. In a recent study, we got a new pPSCs using two Wnt signaling pathway regulators CHIR99021 and XAV939. This cell had strong biological viability, small‐domed morphology, and its cloning efficiency after dissociation was 80–90%. The CH/XAV‐treated cells expressed elevated levels of pluripotent genes, and possessed differentiation abilities both in vitro and in vivo, proven by the formation of embryonic bodies and teratomas with three germ layers. Furthermore, we found that the combinative use of CHIR99021 and XAV939 resulted in β‐catenin‐maintained expression in the cytoplasm but not translocation to the nuclei for WNT/TCF activation. In the meanwhile, E‐cadherin located on the cell membrane, thereby activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to enhance the pluripotency of the cells. Our study obtained new pPSCs, which were even closer to the naïve state with only two small molecule inhibitors, and the improved pluripotency of pPSCs could facilitate transgenic manipulation and regenerative medicine research. Besides, our study casted a light on the understanding of pPSCs and the derivation of authentic porcine embryonic stem cells.
CircBACH1 (hsa_circ_0061395) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth by regulating p27 repression via HuR
Authors: Liu Bingqi , Yang Guangsheng , Wang Xin , Liu Jingfang , Lu Zhihua , Wang Qi , Xu Bing , Liu Zhiqian , Li Jie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, an increasing number of circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been discovered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the functions of most circRNAs require further investigation. Here, we found that circBACH1 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and that high circBACH1 levels were closely associated with poor prognosis. In addition, circBACH1 could promote HCC growth by accelerating cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. We next investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms and discovered that circBACH1 inhibited p27 translation, which influenced cell cycle progression. Moreover, we revealed that circBACH1 could combine directly with HuR using RNA immunoprecipitation assays, pull‐down assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The combination of these molecules facilitated HuR translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm according to the fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence results. Finally, silencing HuR abrogated circBACH1's inhibition of p27 translation and abolished the circBACH1‐induced effect on HCC proliferation. In sum, circBACH1 plays a significant role as an oncogene through the circBACH1/HuR/p27 axis in HCC development.
Influence of no‐till and a winter rye cover crop on nitrate losses from tile‐drained row‐crop agriculture in Iowa
Authors: Waring Emily R , Lagzdins Ainis , Pederson Carl , Helmers Matthew J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArtificial subsurface drainage is necessary to maintain agricultural production in the soils and climate of north‐central Iowa. However, it can result in adverse environmental impacts, because it intercepts and diverts some water and soluble NO3–N directly to streams. We investigated the impact of no‐till and a winter rye cover crop (Secale cereale L.) on seasonal and annual NO3–N concentration and loading in leachate from a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. The eight treatments are chisel plow (CT), chisel plow with winter cereal rye (CTr), no‐till (NT), and no‐till with winter cereal rye (NTr), with “‐C” indicating corn and “‐S” indicating soybeans. Plots with artificial subsurface drainage were monitored for water quality from 2011 to 2015. The NT and CTr treatments consistently decreased NO3–N loss on the seasonal and annual scales compared with CT. Compared with NT, NTr did not reduce NO3–N loading nor concentration in leachate, probably because of low NO3 leaching potential from NT combined with low rye cover crop biomass throughout the study with NT. The 5‐yr average annual NO3–N concentrations were: 16.9 mg L−1 with CT‐S, 16.7 mg L−1 with CT‐C, 12.6 mg L−1 with NT‐S, 12.0 mg L−1 with CTr‐S, 11.8 mg L−1 with CTr‐C, 11.4 mg L−1 with NTr‐S and NTr‐C, and 11.1 mg L−1 with NT‐C. Overall, both no‐till and a cover crop showed potential for improving N management for water quality.
Editorial on “Head‐to‐Head Comparison of PI‐RADS Version 2 and 2.1 in Transition Zone Lesions for Detection of Prostate Cancer”
Authors: An Julie Y. , Fowler Kathryn J. 
Published: January 2020

Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:587–588.
Micro Raman spectroscopy for NETosis detection
Authors: Arzumanyan G.M. , Gur'ev A.S. , Kravtsunova D.E. , Mamatkulov K.Z. , Marchenko A.S. , Vereshchagin K.A. , Volkov A.Yu. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the past few years, Raman spectroscopy has become a powerful diagnostic tool in the life sciences. The present work is devoted to the application of Raman microspectroscopy for distinction of neutrophils transformed during NETosis and the quantitative determination of the level of their transformation based on the analysis of the neutrophil Raman spectra acquired from the samples of human blood at different levels of transformation. NETosis is a process of the programmed neutrophil cell death involved in the development of many diseases, including those associated with high mortality. Our goal was to search for possible spectral markers in neutrophil Raman spectra, caused precisely by NETotic transformation of neutrophils. The results of the work were (a) obtaining of neutrophil Raman spectra at different levels of cell transformation; (b) creation of spectral archetypes of neutrophils (as a “representative” Raman spectrum for spectra group) with a given level of cell transformation; (c) detection of statistically significant differences in the spectral archetypes of the neutrophil Raman spectra at different levels of transformation.
Impact of varying agrometeorological indices on peel color and composition of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) grown at different ecological zones
Authors: Nawaz Rab , Abbasi Nadeem A , Hafiz Ishfaq A , Khalid Azeem 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundKinnow orchards were selected in different ecological zones in districts Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh (TTS) and Vehari of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Three biological replicates in block form were applied by using analysis of variance techniques to assess varying agrometeorological indices impact on fruit color‐development and peel composition.ResultsFruit samples were randomly collected on each month's end starting from August up to February. Chromameter was used for measuring coloring parameters and its values a*, b*, C* and L* were increased from August till February with a rapid elevation started at color‐break stage, while hue angle (h*) rotated from 120° to 60° of portraying green to yellow shade. An increasing level of chlorophyll contents were noted in August till color‐break at the end of October and then diminished afterwards. Whereas, carotenoids increased rapidly upon yellow tinting peel of Kinnow fruits till fully attained deep orange color at the end of February. Ascorbic acid content and total phenolic content (TPC) showed a decreasing trend whereas anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were increased from August to February, with unchanged flavonoids and flavonols level. Fruit firmness was gradually reduced till color‐break with rapid reduction noted subsequently. Maturity index represented internal ripening directly increased with color‐development.ConclusionColor development has directly influenced on maturity index and both were increased rapidly after color‐break to afterwards. More color development with rapid reduction in chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and TPC level were seen in warm districts namely TTS and Vehari after color‐break stage due to accumulating more agrometeorological indices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Enzymatic degradation of ginkgolic acid by laccase immobilized on novel electrospun nanofiber mat
Authors: Chen Hung‐Yueh , Cheng Kuan‐Chen , Hsu Ren‐Jun , Hsieh Chang‐Wei , Wang Hsueh‐Ting , Ting Yuwen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGinkgo biloba leaf extract contains many active ingredients that are beneficial for health. However, ginkgolic acid, one of the major components found in G. biloba extract, may cause serious allergic and toxic side effects. The purpose of this study is to immobilize the laccase system on the electrospun nylon fiber mat (NFM) to hydrolyze the ginkgolic acid in G. biloba leaf extract efficiently.RESULTSNovel electrospinning technology successfully produced high‐quality nanoscopic fiber mats made of a mixture of multi‐walled carbon nanotube and nylon 6,6. Laccase that was immobilized onto the NFM exhibited much higher efficiency in the catalyzation of 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) than nylon 6,6 pellets. After being immobilized onto the NFM, the pH and temperature stability of laccase were significantly improved. The NFM‐immobilized laccase could maintain more than 50% of its original activity even after 40 days of storage or 10 operational cycles. The kinetic parameters, including rate constant (K), the time (τ50) in which 50% of ginkgolic acid hydrolysis was reached, the time (τcomplete) required to achieve complete ginkgolic acid hydrolysis, Km and Vmax were determined, and were 0.07 ± 0.01 min−1, 8.97 ± 0.55 min, 45.45 ± 2.79 min, 0.51 ± 0.09 mM and 0.49 ± 0.03 mM min−1 mg−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe result successfully demonstrated the strong potential of using novel electrospun nanofiber mats as enzyme immobilization platforms, which could significantly enhance enzyme activity and stability. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Exudate gums: chemistry, properties and food applications – a review
Authors: Barak Sheweta , Mudgil Deepak , Taneja Shelly 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGums are complex carbohydrate molecules which have the ability to bind water and form gels at low concentration. These carbohydrates are often associated with proteins and minerals in their structure. Gums are of various types such as seed gums, exudate gums, microbial gums, mucilage gums, seaweeds gums, etc. Exudate gums are plant gums which ooze out from bark as a result of a protection mechanism upon injury. Exudate gums have been used by humans since ancient times for various applications due to their easy availability. The main characteristics which make them fit for use in various applications are viscosity, adhesive property, stabilization effect, emulsification action and surface‐active property. Major applications of these gums are in food products, the paper, textile, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, oil‐well drilling, etc. In the present paper, the chemistry, properties, processing and applications of commercially available exudate gums such as acacia gum or gum arabic, karaya gum, ghatti gum and tragacanth gum are discussed. Recent literature reveals that apart from the above mentioned applications, these gums also have nutritional properties which are being explored. Other gums cannot replace them because of their certain unique characteristics. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of condensed molasses fermentation solubles and lactic acid bacteria in corn silage production
Authors: Chen Shiau‐Wei , Chang Yu‐Yi , Huang Hsin‐Yu , Kuo Shu‐Ming , Wang Han‐Tsung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to investigate the application of two lactic acid bacteria and dry condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS) in the making and preservation of corn silage. Forage corn materials are divided into eight treatment groups as follows: (i) control, (ii) B2 (Lactobacillus plantarum B2, 1 × 109 cfu kg−1), (iii) LAS (Lactobacillus buchneri 40788, 3 × 108 cfu kg−1), (iv) B2 + LAS, (v) CMS (35 g kg−1, fresh weight), (vi) B2 + CMS, (vii) LAS + CMS and (viii) B2 + LAS + CMS. The silage composition and aerobic stability are determined after ensiling for 90 days. Furthermore, the digestibility of the silage product and gas production are evaluated using a trotro digestion procedure.ResultsThe assay results indicate that the CMS supplementation and B2 inoculation significantly increased lactic acid concentration (P < 0.01). However, they also reduced the content of acetic acid and silage pH at the initial fermentation stage. The CMS supplemented with B2 (B2 + CMS) showed an improvement in the quality of silage, but a significant decrease in aerobic stability (P < 0.01). The B2 + LAS + CMS treatment yielded an increase in acetic acid production during the late fermentation period and is able to extend the aerobic stability of corn silage. Furthermore, this study shows that CMS supplementation alone can significantly improve the digestibility of the in vitro dry matter (P < 0.01) and the microbial protein synthesis efficiency (P = 0.01). In addition, the CMS supplementation is beneficial for enhancing the aerobic stability of corn silage.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the combination of CMS supplementation and a suitable inoculation lactic acid bacterial strain can be highly promising for enhancing the higher quality and stability of corn silage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A Machine Learning Approach for Drug‐target Interaction Prediction using Wrapper Feature Selection and Class Balancing
Authors: Redkar Shweta , Mondal Sukanta , Joseph Alex , Hareesha K. S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDrug‐Target interaction (DTI) plays a crucial role in drug discovery, drug repositioning and understanding the drug side effects which helps to identify new therapeutic profiles for various diseases. However, the exponential growth in the genomic and drugs data makes it difficult to identify the new associations between drugs and targets. Therefore, we use computational methods as it helps in accelerating the DTI identification process. Usually, available data driven sources consisting of known DTI is used to train the classifier to predict the new DTIs. Such datasets often face the problem of class imbalance. Therefore, in this study we address two challenges faced by such datasets,i. e., class imbalance and high dimensionality to develop a predictive model for DTI prediction. The study is carried out on four protein classes namely Enzyme, Ion Channel, G Protein‐Coupled Receptor (GPCR) and Nuclear Receptor. We encoded the target protein sequence using the dipeptide composition and drug with a molecular descriptor. A machine learning approach is employed to predict the DTI using wrapper feature selection and synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). The ensemble approach achieved at the best an accuracy of 95.9 %, 93.4 %, 90.8 % and 90.6 % and 96.3 %, 92.8 %, 90.1 %, and 90.2 % of precision on Enzyme, Ion Channel, GPCR and Nuclear Receptor datasets, respectively, when evaluated excluding SMOTE samples with 10‐fold cross validation. Furthermore, our method could predict new drug‐target interactions not contained in training dataset. Selected features using wrapper feature selection may be important to understand the DTI for the protein categories under this study. Based on our evaluation, the proposed method can be used for understanding and identifying new drug‐target interactions. We provide the readers with a standalone package available at https://github.com/shwetagithub1/predDTI which will be able to provide the DTI predictions to user for new query DTI pairs.
In vivo MRS measurement of 2‐hydroxyglutarate in patient‐derived IDH‐mutant xenograft mouse models versus glioma patients
Authors: Tiwari Vivek , Mashimo Tomoyuki , An Zhongxu , Vemireddy Vamsidhara , Piccirillo Sara , Askari Pegah , Hulsey Keith M. , Zhang Shanrong , de Graaf Robin A. , Patel Toral R. , Pan Edward , Mickey Bruce E. , Maher Elizabeth A. , Bachoo Robert M. , Choi Changho 
Published: January 2020

PurposeTo generate a preclinical model of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas from glioma patients and design a MRS method to test the compatibility of 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production between the preclinical model and patients.MethodsFive patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) mice were generated from two glioma patients with IDH1 R132H mutation. A PRESS sequence was tailored at 9.4 T, with computer simulation and phantom analyses, for improving 2HG detection in mice. 2HG and other metabolites in the PDX mice were measured using the optimized MRS at 9.4 T and compared with 3 T MRS measurements of the metabolites in the parental‐tumor patients. Spectral fitting was performed with LCModel using in‐house basis spectra. Metabolite levels were quantified with reference to water.ResultsThe PRESS TE was optimized to be 96 ms, at which the 2HG 2.25 ppm signal was narrow and inverted, thereby leading to unequivocal separation of the 2HG resonance from adjacent signals from other metabolites. The optimized MRS provided precise detection of 2HG in mice compared to short‐TE MRS at 9.4 T. The 2HG estimates in PDX mice were in excellent agreement with the 2HG measurements in the patients.ConclusionThe similarity of 2HG production between PDX models and parental‐tumor patients indicates that PDX tumors retain the parental IDH metabolic fingerprint and can serve as a preclinical model for improving our understanding of the IDH‐mutation associated metabolic reprogramming.
Fractional Chebyshev functional link neural network‐optimization method for solving delay fractional optimal control problems with Atangana‐Baleanu derivative
Authors: Kheyrinataj Farzaneh , Nazemi Alireza 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this article, we propose a higher order neural network, namely the functional link neural network (FLNN), for the model of linear and nonlinear delay fractional optimal control problems (DFOCPs) with mixed control‐state constraints. We consider DFOCPs using a new fractional derivative with nonlocal and nonsingular kernel that was recently proposed by Atangana and Baleanu. The derivative possesses more important characteristics that are very useful in modelling. In the proposed method, a fractional Chebyshev FLNN is developed. At the first step, the delay problem is transformed to a nondelay problem, using a Padé approximation. The necessary optimality condition is stated in a form of fractional two‐point boundary value problem. By applying the fractional integration by parts and by constructing an error function, we then define an unconstrained minimization problem. In the optimization problem, trial solutions for state, co‐state and control functions are utilized where these trial solutions are constructed by using single‐layer fractional Chebyshev neural network model. We then minimize the error function using an unconstrained optimization scheme based on the gradient descent algorithm for updating the network parameters (weights and bias) associated with all neurons. To show the effectiveness of the proposed neural network, some numerical results are provided.
Macrophage subsets in atherosclerosis as defined by single‐cell technologies
Authors: Willemsen Lisa , de Winther Menno PJ 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMacrophages play a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Many studies have shone light on the different phenotypes and functions that macrophages can acquire upon exposure to local cues. The microenvironment of the atherosclerotic plaque contains a plethora of macrophage‐controlling factors, such as cytokines, oxidised low‐density lipoproteins and cell debris. Previous research has determined macrophage function within the plaque mainly by using immunohistochemistry and bulk analysis. The recent development and rapid progress of single‐cell technologies, such as cytometry by time of flight and single‐cell RNA sequencing, now enable comprehensive mapping of the wide range of cell types and their phenotypes present in atherosclerotic plaques. In this review we discuss recent advances applying these technologies in defining macrophage subsets residing in the atherosclerotic arterial wall of mice and men. Resulting from these studies, we describe three main macrophage subsets: resident‐like, pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory foamy TREM2hi macrophages, which are found in both mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, we discuss macrophage subset‐specific markers and functions. More insights into the characteristics and phenotype of immune cells within the atherosclerotic plaque may guide future clinical approaches to treat disease. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.