bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point‐of‐care ultrasound in the COVID‐19 era: A scoping review
Authors: Yau Olivia , Gin Ken , Luong Christina , Jue John , Abolmaesumi Purang , Tsang Michael , Nair Parvathy , Tsang Teresa S. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic, unprecedented pressure has been added to healthcare systems around the globe. Imaging is a crucial component in the management of COVID‐19 patients. Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) such as hand‐carried ultrasound emerges in the COVID‐19 era as a tool that can simplify the imaging process of COVID‐19 patients, and potentially reduce the strain on healthcare providers and healthcare resources. The preliminary evidence available suggests an increasing role of POCUS in diagnosing, monitoring, and risk‐stratifying COVID‐19 patients. This scoping review aims to delineate the challenges in imaging COVID‐19 patients, discuss the cardiopulmonary complications of COVID‐19 and their respective sonographic findings, and summarize the current data and recommendations available. There is currently a critical gap in knowledge in the role of POCUS in the COVID‐19 era. Nonetheless, it is crucial to summarize the current preliminary data available in order to help fill this gap in knowledge for future studies.
Paesaniversuspaisanos: the relative failure of Spanish immigrants in Buenos Aires during the age of mass migration†
Authors: Abad Leticia Arroyo , Maurer Noel , Sánchez‐Alonso Blanca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMillions of immigrants chose Argentina as the land of opportunity during the era of mass migration. Two immigrant groups, Italian and Spanish, dominated the immigration flows. Despite higher literacy and a common language, Spaniards fared worse when compared to Italians in Buenos Aires. By 1895, Italians enjoyed higher wages. What explains their differential paths in the city of Buenos Aires? This study finds that the Italian community capitalized on pre‐existing cultural traditions to establish denser and more effective networks to match their compatriots with economic opportunities. The more individualistic Spanish were unable to keep pace, despite their initial cultural, linguistic, and educational advantages.
Environment‐dependent behavioral traits and experiential factors shape addiction vulnerability
Authors: Fouyssac Maxime , Puaud Mickaël , Ducret Eric , Marti‐Prats Lucia , Vanhille Nathalie , Ansquer Solène , Zhang Xinxuan , Belin‐Rauscent Aude , Giuliano Chiara , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Everitt Barry.J , Belin David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe transition from controlled drug use to drug addiction depends on an interaction between a vulnerable individual, their environment and a drug. Here we tested the hypothesis that conditions under which individuals live influence behavioral vulnerability traits and experiential factors operating in the drug taking environment to determine the vulnerability to addiction. The role of behavioral vulnerability traits in mediating the influence of housing conditions on the tendency to acquire cocaine self‐administration was characterized in 48 rats housed in either an enriched (EE) or a standard (SE) environment. Then, the influence of these housing conditions on the individual vulnerability to develop addiction‐like behavior for cocaine or alcohol was measured in 72 EE or SE rats after several months of cocaine self‐administration or intermittent alcohol drinking, respectively. The determining role of negative experiential factors in the drug taking context was further investigated in 48 SE rats that acquired alcohol drinking to self‐medicate distress in a schedule‐induced polydipsia procedure. The environment influenced the acquisition of drug intake through its effect on behavioral markers of resilience to addiction. In contrast, the initiation of drug taking as a coping strategy or in a negative state occasioned by the contrast between enriched housing conditions and a relatively impoverished drug taking setting, facilitated the development of compulsive cocaine and alcohol intake. These data indicate that addiction vulnerability depends on environmentally determined experiential factors, and suggest that initiating drug use through negative reinforcement‐based self‐medication facilitates the development of addiction in vulnerable individuals.Significance statementThe factors that underlie an individual's vulnerability to switch from controlled, recreational drug use to addiction are not well understood. We showed that in individuals housed in enriched conditions, the experience of drugs in the relative social and sensory impoverishment of the drug taking context, and the associated change in behavioral traits of resilience to addiction, exacerbate the vulnerability to develop compulsive drug intake. We further demonstrated that the acquisition of alcohol drinking as a mechanism to cope with distress increases the vulnerability to develop compulsive alcohol intake. Together these results demonstrate that experiential factors in the drug taking context shape the vulnerability to addiction.
Anti‐inflammatory effect of amitriptyline in a rat model of acetic acid‐induced colitis: the involvement of the TLR4/NF‐kB signaling pathway
Authors: Dejban Pegah , Sahraei Masomeh , Chamanara Mohsen , Dehpour Ahmadreza , Rashidian Amir 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, which affects gastrointestinal tract. The immune‐mediated inflammation is mostly considered as the pathogenesis of IBD. It has been demonstrated that amitriptyline exerts anti‐inflammatory influence; therefore, the aim of the current experiment is to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory impact of amitriptyline on intestinal disorders following acetic acid‐induced colitis in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, including sham, control, dexamethasone (2 mg/kg), and amitriptyline (10 and 20 mg/kg). Intrarectal administration of acetic acid was applied to colitis induction in all study groups except for sham group. Animals were treated by oral administration of dexamethasone or amitriptyline. While macroscopic and microscopic lesions appeared after colitis induction treatment with dexamethasone and amitriptyline 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly improved lesions. Moreover, Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor binding kappa light‐chain (NF‐ĸB expression), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) level, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were increased after colitis induction, whereas treatment with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) or amitriptyline (10 and 20 mg/kg) caused a noticeable decrease in the TLR4 and pNF‐ĸB expression, TNF‐α level, and MPO activity. In conclusion, amitriptyline plays an anti‐inflammatory role through the suppression of TLR4/pNF‐ĸB signaling pathway in the rat model of acute colitis.
A new constraint on the antiquity of ancient haloalkaliphilic green algae that flourished in a ca. 300 Ma Paleozoic lake
Authors: Xia Liuwen , Cao Jian , Lee Carina , Stüeken Eva E. , Zhi Dongming , Love Gordon D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is established that green algae and land plants progressively colonized freshwater and terrestrial habitats throughout the Paleozoic Era, but little is known about the ecology of Paleozoic saline lakes. Here, we report lipid biomarker and petrographic evidence for the occurrence of a green alga as a major primary producer in a late Paleozoic alkaline lake (Fengcheng Formation; 309–292 Ma). A persistently saline and alkaline lacustrine setting is supported by mineralogical and lipid biomarker evidence alongside extremely enriched δ15Nbulk values (+16 to +24‰) for the lake depocenter. The prominence of C28 and C29 steroids, co‐occurring with abundant carotene‐derived accessory pigment markers in these ancient rocks, is suggestive of prolific primary production and elevated source inputs from haloalkaliphilic green algae. The high C28/C29‐sterane ratios (0.78–1.29) are significantly higher than the typical marine value reported for late Paleozoic rocks (<0.5) and thus are associated with certain groups of chlorophytes. Adaptation to such extreme lacustrine environments, aided by enhanced biosynthesis of certain cell membrane lipids, likely played an important role in the evolution and physiological development of ancient green algae.
Bone ash reinforced geopolymer composites
Authors: Bhuiya Abdul W. , Hu Michael , Sankar Kaushik , Keane Patrick F. , Ribero Daniel , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPotassium‐based, geopolymer composites were made with BASF®metakaolin and Mymensingh clay‐derived metakaolin from Bangladesh. Since the natural Mymensingh clay contained 40 wt.% quartz, this same amount of quartz particulates was added to the BASF®metakaolin to make a synthetic analog of the natural calcined clay. By analogy with bone china, bone ash or calcined hydroxyapatite (5CaO•3P2O5or “HA”) particles, having a Ca: P ratio of 3.3:1, were added to make the three types of geopolymer‐based composites described above. For less refractory particulate additions, dicalcium phosphate (DCP) (2CaO•P2O5or “DCP”) particles, having a Ca: P ratio of 2:1, were also added to another set of geopolymers. The ambient temperature compressive and flexural strengths were measured for all of the geopolymer composites. The HA or DCP reinforced geopolymer composites were fabricated and heat‐treated to 1150°C/1 h, after which they were converted to their mineralogical analogs. Their mechanical properties of compressive and 3‐point flexural strengths were again measured. Flexural strengths of 22.42 ± 11.0 MPa and 31.97 ± 8.3 MPa were measured in 1 × 1 × 10 cm3heat‐treated geopolymer bars reinforced with 10 wt.% of DCP and in geopolymer reinforced with 10 wt.% DCP +40 wt.% quartz additions, respectively. Significant improvements to ambient temperature properties were observed due to the self‐healing effect of the flowing amorphous DCP, whose presence was verified by SEM. The geopolymer samples exhibited reduced water absorption (WA) (on a percentage dry weight basis) of within 0.03‐0.5% after being heated at 1100℃/1 h and 1125℃/1 h, as compared with those at room temperature, which varied between 2.56% and 7.89%.
Shared decision‐making in dialysis choice has potential to improve self‐management in people with kidney disease: A qualitative follow‐up study
Authors: Finderup Jeanette , Jensen Jens Dam , Lomborg Kirsten 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore how patients remained involved in their treatment and care of their own health following a shared decision‐making intervention for dialysis choice.DesignA follow‐up study using semi‐structured interviews.MethodsIndividual interviews with 13 patients were conducted immediately following their participation in a shared decision‐making intervention for dialysis choice and again 3 months after initiating dialysis. This study reports findings from the follow‐up interviews 3 month after dialysis initiation. Data were collected from August 2017–February 2019 and analysed using systematic text condensation.ResultsThe analysis revealed five main findings, which indicated differing levels of: (a) involvement in the decision‐making process; (b) involvement in treatment; (c) involvement in care of own health; (d) involvement of a relative; and (e) support from healthcare professionals.ConclusionsFollowing the shared decision‐making intervention, patients who chose home‐based treatment had become more involved in their treatment and care of their own health. The involvement of relatives and support from healthcare professionals contributed positively to this. In contrast, patients who had chosen hospital‐based treatment were less involved in their treatment.ImpactShared decision‐making in dialysis choice has potential to improve self‐management in people with kidney disease. However, support from healthcare professionals for patients and their relatives should be prioritized in an effort to increase all patients' involvement in their treatment and care of their own health.
Managers’ pay duration and voluntary disclosures
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Cho Young Jun , Kim Jae B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGiven the adverse effect on their welfare, managers are reluctant to disclose bad news in a timely fashion. We examine the effect of managers’ pay duration on firms’ voluntary disclosures of bad news. Pay duration refers to the average period that it takes for managers’ annual compensation to vest. We hypothesize and find that pay durations can incentivize managers to provide more bad news earnings forecasts. This result holds after controlling for the endogeneity of pay duration. In addition, we find that the effect of pay duration is more pronounced for firms with weaker governance and with poorer information environments, where the marginal benefits of additional disclosures are higher. We also find that these effects are stronger for firms facing lower litigation risk and for firms operating in more homogenous industries, where managers’ ex‐ante incentives to disclose bad news are particularly weak. Overall, we contribute to the literature by providing evidence that lengthening the vesting period of managers’ compensation can induce managers to be more forthcoming with bad news.
Ultrasound guided axillary vein access: An alternative approach to venous access for cardiac device implantation
Authors: Chandler Jonathan K. , Apte Nachiket , Ranka Sagar , Mohammed Moghniuddin , Noheria Amit , Emert Martin , Pimentel Rhea , Dendi Raghuveer , Reddy Madhu , Sheldon Seth H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionUltrasound guided axillary vein access (UGAVA) is an emerging approach for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation not widely utilized.Methods and ResultsThis is a retrospective, age and sex‐matched cohort study of CIED implantation from January 2017 to July 2019 comparing UGAVA before incision to venous access obtained after incision without ultrasound (conventional).The study population included 561 patients (187 with attempted UGAVA, 68 ± 13 years old, 43% women, body mass index (BMI) 30 ± 8 kg/m2, 15% right‐sided, 43% implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator, 15% upgrades). UGAVA was successful in 178/187 patients (95%). In nine patients where UGAVA was abandoned, the vein was too deep for access before incision. BMI was higher in abandoned patients than successful UGAVA (38 ± 6 vs. 28 ± 6 kg/m2, p < .0001). Median time from local anesthetic to completion of UGAVA was 7 min (interquartile range [IQR]: 4–10) and median procedure time 61 min (IQR: 50–92). UGAVA changed implant laterality in two patients (avoiding an extra incision in both) and could have prevented unnecessary incision in four conventional patients. Excluding device upgrades, there was reduced fluoroscopy time in UGAVA versus conventional (4 vs. 6 min; IQR: 2–5 vs. 4–9; p < .001). Thirty‐day complications were similar in UGAVA versus conventional (n = 7 vs. 26, 4 vs. 7%; p = .13, p = .41 adjusting for upgrades), partly driven by a trend towards reduced pneumothorax (n = 0 vs. 3, 0 vs. 1%; p = .22).ConclusionsUGAVA is a safe approach for CIED implantation and helps prevent an extra incision if a barrier is identified changing laterality preincision.
Current status of adherence interventions in hypertension management in Asian countries: A report from the HOPE Asia Network
Authors: Shin Jinho , Chia Yook‐Chin , Heo Ran , Kario Kazuomi , Turana Yuda , Chen Chen‐Huan , Hoshide Satoshi , Fujiwara Takeshi , Nagai Michiaki , Siddique Saulat , Sison Jorge , Tay Jam Chin , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Park Sungha , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Minh Huynh Van , Li Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdherence continues to be the major hurdle in hypertension management. Since the early 2000s, systematic approaches have been emphasized to tackle multi‐dimensional issues specific for each regional setting. However, there is little data regarding implementation of adherence interventions in Asian countries. Eleven hypertension experts from eight Asian countries answered questionnaires regarding the use of adherence interventions according to 11 theoretical domain frameworks by Allemann et al. A four‐point Likert scale: Often, Sometimes, Seldom, and Never used was administered. Responses to 97 items from 11 domains excluding three irrelevant items were collected. “Often‐used” interventions accounted for 5/9 for education, 1/8 for skills, 1/2 for social/professional role and identity, 1/1 for belief about capabilities, 0/3 for belief about consequences, 2/4 for intentions, 2/9 for memory, attention, and decision process, 11/20 for environmental context and resources, 0/2 for social influences, 0/2 for emotion, and 2/2 for behavioral regulation. Most of them are dependent on conventional resources. Most of “Never used” intervention were the adherence interventions related to multidisciplinary subspecialties or formal training for behavioral therapy. For adherence interventions recommended by 2018 ESC/ESH hypertension guidelines, only 1 in 7 patient level interventions was “Often used.” In conclusion, conventional or physician level interventions such as education, counseling, and prescription have been well implemented but multidisciplinary interventions and patient or health system level interventions are in need of better implementation in Asian countries.
MiR‐19b‐3p accelerates bone loss after spinal cord injury by suppressing osteogenesis via regulating PTEN/Akt/mTOR signalling
Authors: Liu Da , Wang Bo , Qiu Min , Huang Ying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRapid and extensive bone loss, one of the skeletal complications after spinal cord injury (SCI) occurrence, drastically sacrifices the life quality of SCI patients. It has been demonstrated that microRNA (miRNA) dysfunction plays an important role in the initiation and development of bone loss post‐SCI. Nevertheless, the effect of miR‐19b‐3p on bone loss after SCI is unknown and the accurate mechanism is left to be elucidated. The present work was conducted to explore the role of miR‐19b‐3p/phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) axis on osteogenesis after SCI and further investigates the underlying mechanisms. We found that miR‐19b‐3p level was increased in the femurs of SCI rats with decreased autophagy. The overexpression of miR‐19b‐3p in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) targeted down‐regulation of PTEN expression, facilitated protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, and thereby suppressing BMSCs osteogenic differentiation via autophagy. Besides, the inhibiting effects of miR‐19b‐3p on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs could be diminished by autophagy inducer rapamycin. Meanwhile, bone loss after SCI in rats was also reversed by antagomir‐19b‐3p treatment, suggesting miR‐19b‐3p was an essential target for osteogenic differentiation via regulating autophagy. These results indicated that miR‐19b‐3p was involved in bone loss after SCI by inhibiting osteogenesis via PTEN/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
Dupilumab therapy of atopic dermatitis of the elderly: a multicentre, real‐life study
Authors: Patruno C. , Napolitano M. , Argenziano G. , Peris K. , Ortoncelli M. , Girolomoni G. , Offidani A. , Ferrucci S.M. , Amoruso G.F. , Rossi M. , Stingeni L. , Malara G. , Grieco T. , Foti C. , Gattoni M. , Loi C. , Iannone M. , Talamonti M. , Stinco G. , Rongioletti F. , Pigatto P.D. , Cristaudo A. , Nettis E. , Corazza M. , Guarneri F. , Amerio P. , Esposito M. , Belloni Fortina A. , Potenza C. , Fabbrocini G. ,   DADE ‐ Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis of the Elderly study group
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in the elderly may be challenging, due to side‐effects of traditional anti‐inflammatory drugs and to comorbidities often found in this age group. Furthermore, efficacy and safety of innovative drugs such as dupilumab are not yet well known.ObjectivesA multicentre retrospective, observational, real‐life study on the efficacy and safety of dupilumab was conducted in a group of patients aged ≥65 years and affected by severe AD. Their main clinical features were also examined.MethodsData of elderly patients with severe (EASI ≥24) AD treated with dupilumab at label dosage for 16 weeks were retrospectively collected. Treatment outcome was assessed by comparing objective (EASI) and subjective (P‐NRS, S‐NRS and DLQI) scores at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy‐six patients were enrolled in the study. They represented 11.37% of all patients with severe AD. Flexural eczema was the most frequent clinical phenotype, followed by prurigo nodularis. The coexistence of more than one phenotype was found in 63/276 (22.82%) subjects. Data on the 16‐week treatment with dupilumab were available for 253 (91.67%) patients. Efficacy of dupilumab was demonstrated by a significant reduction of all the scores. No statistically significant difference regarding efficacy was found in elderly patients when compared to the group of our AD patients aged 18–64 years, treated with dupilumab over the same period. Furthermore, only 18 (6.52%) patients discontinued the drug due to inefficacy. Sixty‐one (22.51%) patients reported adverse events, conjunctivitis and flushing being the most frequent. One (0.36%) patient only discontinued dupilumab due to an adverse event.ConclusionsTherapy with dupilumab led to a significant improvement of AD over a 16‐week treatment period, with a good safety profile. Therefore, dupilumab could be considered as an efficacious and safe treatment for AD also in the elderly.
Full exome sequencing of 11 families with Hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Theut Riis P. , Loft I.C. , Yazdanyar S. , Kjærsgaard Andersen R. , Pedersen O.B. , Ring H.C. , Huber R. , Sultan M. , Loesche C. , Saunte D.M.L. , Jemec G.B.E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is not a well‐studied or easily treated disease. Genetic information is essential for advances in the understanding and treatment of HS. This study aims to examine mutations in the gamma‐secretase complex, the Notch signalling pathway and to perform a Mendelian analysis of genetic variants that segregated with disease in a full exome sequencing of 11 families with HS.MethodWhole‐exome sequencing and Mendelian analysis of 11 families with HS from Denmark. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of active HS and a positive family history of HS were recruited. Consenting family members were enrolled and examined for HS as well. We included 11 families, with a total of 51 participants, 24 with HS and 27 without. Whole‐exome sequencing using HiSeq platform as paired‐end 2 × 150 bases was used.ResultsWe found mutations in the Notch pathway for all families. We found mutations in the PSENEN and APH1B of the gamma‐secretase genes. We also report 161 variants of unknown significance that segregated with the disease within these families.ConclusionsWe did not find causative mutation for each family in this study, supporting the theory that HS is rarely caused by single‐gene mutations. We suggest that future genetic studies should be focused on genome‐wide association with thousands of cases, as this technique is better suited for suspected polygenic diseases.