bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic Distribution of Excess Mortality Rate Duo to COVID-19 in Iranian Population: An Ecological Study
Authors: Fesharaki Mohammad Gholami , Molaei Alireza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 has raised world concern since it emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The direct and indirect death rates in the world and in Iran have increased significantly after the occurrence of this pandemic in the world.Objective: In this study EMR estimated by Multilevel Poison Regression then this estimation compared to the historical trends, to obtain total death related to the COVID-19 in addtion the geographic distribution of EMR has been presented for Iran country.Materials and Methods: All-cause mortality count of each province of Iran from March 21, 2013 to June 20, 2020 downloaded from National Organizationfor Civil Registration (NOCR). The data from spring of 2020 (March 20, 2020 to June 20, 2020) remove from data and then the multilevel poison model has been used to estimate all-cause mortality in spring 2020 then excess mortality attributable to COVID-19 (the difference between the numberof registered and expected deaths) has been calculated.Results: The results of this study showed that Iran’s EMR in spring 2020 was 23% (Male=25%, Female=21%). More result also showed that four category low (EMR≤5%, n=3), moderate (5 %< EMR<20%, n=10), high (20 %< EMR<40%, n=16) and very high (40≤EMR, n=2) EMR.Conclusion: Due to the diverse EMR in different provinces of Iran, the type of management of provinces with low and moderate EMR can be used as a suitable model to control EMR in provinces with high and very high EMR.
Lineage-level Divergence of Copepod Glycerol Transporters and the Emergence of Isoform-specific Trafficking Regulation
Authors: Catalán-García Marc , Chauvigne Francois , Stavang Jon Anders , Nilsen Frank , Cerda Joan , Finn Roderick 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transmembrane conductance of glycerol is typically facilitated by aquaglyceroporins (Glps), which are commonly encoded by multiple genes in metazoan organisms. To date, however, little is known concerning the evolution of Glps in Crustacea or what forces might underly such gene redundancy. Here we show that Glp evolution in Crustacea is highly divergent, ranging from single copy genes in species of tadpole shrimps, isopods, amphipods and decapods to up to 10 copies in diplostracan water fleas although with monophyletic origins in each lineage. By contrast Glp evolution in Copepoda appears to be polyphyletic, with high rates of gene duplication occurring in a genera- and species-specifc manner. Based upon functional experiments on the Glps from a parasitic copepod (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), we show that such lineage-level gene duplication and splice variation is coupled with a high rate of neofunctionalization. For L. salmonis, splice variation of a given gene resulted in tissue- or sex-specific expression of the channels, with each variant evolving unique sites for PKC or PKA regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking. The data thus reveal that mutations favouring a high fidelity control of intracellular trafficking regulation can be a selection force for the evolution and retention of multiple Glps in copepods.
Chemical Composition and Repellency Effect of Ferulago Angulate Plant Against Malaria Vector, Anopheles Stephensi
Authors: Pirmohammadi Masoumeh , Shayeghi Mansoureh , Abai Mohammad Reza , Vatandoost Hassan , Rahimi Sara , Barghamadi Zeynab 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria is a health problem globally. There are several vector control measures. Using repellent to protect human from biting of vectors is one of the best ways. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of plant against biting of malaria vector, An.stephensi under laboratory conditions.MethodsChemical constituents of Ferulago angulate plant were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Efficacy and the protection time of plant were evaluated on Anopheles stephensi . ResultsA total of 40 compounds were identified in plant. Flourensiadiol (17.4%) dehydro-sabina keton (13.3%), β-maaliene (8.8%) was the highest in the plant. The mean assessed protection time and efficacy for plant was 60 and 100 minutes respectively. ED50 and ED90 values for this plant were 18.12 and 93.19 µl /cm2 respectively.ConclusionResults showed that plant has an acceptable protection time, therefore, this plant could be considered as a good herbal repellent against anopheles mosquitoes.
The Dual Effect of CXCR4 Antagonist AMD3100 on the Recruitment of Endogenous Endothelial Precursor Cells and Outcome of Stroke
Authors: Xia Yingfeng , He Qiaoyuan , Li Chao , Yuan Ruyi , Fu Nanliang , Xiang Huiyao , Mou Jing , Huang Ming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To examine the effect of CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 on the recruitment of endogenous endothelial precursor cells (EPC) in ischemic boundary zone (IBZ) after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and outcome of stroke. Methods: Adult male SD rats underwent pMCAO. AMD3100 was injected once at 1 hour (an early phase) or on day 14 (a later phase) or for 7 consecutive days from day 1 to day 7(3 mg/kg/day) after pMCAO. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to detect endogenous EPCs in peripheral blood (PB). Endogenous EPCs in IBZ were identified by immunofluorescence staining. SDF-1 expression levels in IBZ were measured by real time PCR dynamically. Infarct volume and neurological outcome including neurological score and body weight loss were used to estimate the outcome of stroke. Results: AMD3100-treatment could mobilize endogenous EPCs to PB of rats after pMCAO, and continuous AMD3100-treatment mobilized more EPCs to PB than single AMD3100-treatment. Single AMD3100 treatment at 1 hour after pMCAO rather than continuous AMD3100 treatment in an early phase could recruit endogenous EPCs in IBZ and improve neurological outcome after pMCAO. Single AMD3100 administration in later phase (on day 14) could not recruit endogenous EPCs to IBZ or improve neurological outcome after pMCAO. SDF-1 relative expression in IBZ increased in an early phase from day 1 to day 3, then decreased in later phase from day 7 to day 14. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that single AMD3100 treatment in an early phase could recruit endogenous EPCs to IBZ and improve the outcome of stroke, and AMD3100 might be used for the treatment of stroke if given at proper time window.
Fundamentals of Inertial Focusing in High Aspect Ratio Curved Microfluidics
Authors: Cruz Javier , Hjort Klas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Microfluidics exploiting the phenomenon of inertial focusing have attracted much attention in the last decade, as they provide the means to facilitate the detection and analysis of rare particles of interest in complex fluids such as blood and natural water. Although many interesting applications have been demonstrated, the systems remain difficult to engineer. A recently presented line of the technology, inertial focusing in High Aspect Ration Curved (HARC) microfluidics, has the potential to change this and make the benefits of inertial focusing more accessible to the community. In this paper, with experimental evidence and fluid simulations, we provide the two necessary equations to design the systems and successfully focus the desired targets in a single, stable, and high-quality position. Last, the experiments revealed an interesting scaling law of the lift force, which we believe provides a valuable insight into the phenomenon of inertial microfluidics.
Magnitude of Surgical Site Infection and Its Associated Factors Among Patients Who Underwent a Surgical Procedure at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Walelign Mequanint Bezie , Demissie Tadesse Wuletaw , Desalegn Abaynew Honelign 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections are the commonest nosocomial infections and responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality as well as increased hospitalizations and treatment cost related to surgical operations. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and factors associated with surgical site infections at the surgical ward of Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Method: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who underwent a surgical procedure at Debre Tabor General Hospital in 2020. The sample size was determined using the single population proportion formula. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions analysis were employed. The odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were taken to test the association between the dependent and independent variables. A P-value of less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.Result: In this study, a total of 191 patients have participated in the study yielding a response rate of 100%. The mean age of the respondents was 2.5 (SD ±0.68) years. The most age group 115(60.2%) resides at the age group greater than 40 years. More than one half(62.3) of the surgical clients were females. Most of the clients were farmers(32.5%) and unable to read and write(41.9) based on the occupation. The magnitude of surgical site infection in this study was found to be 11.5% (95% CI: 7.8%, 15.9%). The factors existence of comorbidity and antibiotic prophylaxis was given were found to be significantly associated with the magnitude of surgical site infection.Conclusion: The magnitude of surgical site infection in this study was high. Proper management of patients with co-morbidity especially those with diabetes mellitus, proper administration of anesthesia, and delivering intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis before surgery as ordered would significantly reduce the incidence of surgical site infection.
Relationship Between GIP Receptor Gene Polymorphism rs10423928 and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women in Shanghai
Authors: Zhang Lizhi , He Jinwei , Sun Xiang , Pang Dongyue , Hu Jingjing , Feng Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) has been found to affect bone metabolism. GIPR single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is related to its activity, but the relationship between GIPR SNP and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is still unclear. The Aim of this study was to investigate the association between GIPR SNP and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women in Shanghai.Methods: GIP SNP rs10423928 was detected in 884 postmenopausal women in Shanghai. The correlation between GIPR SNP and BMD was further assessed.Results: There was a statistical difference between the dominant model of this site rs10423928 and the bone mineral density of the femoral neck (P = 0.035) and the Wards triangle area (P = 0.033). Conclusions: The rs10423928 of GIPR is related to the BMD of postmenopausal women in Shanghai, China.
An organic quantum battery
Authors: Quach James , McGhee Kirsty , Ganzer Lucia , Rouse Dominic , Lovett Brendon , Gauger Erik , Keeling Jonathan , Cerullo Giulio , Lidzey David , Virgili Tersilla 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Quantum batteries harness the unique properties of quantum mechanics to enhance energy storage compared to conventional batteries. In particular, they are predicted to undergo superextensive charging, where batteries with larger capacity actually take less time to charge. Up until now however, they have not been experimentally demonstrated, due to the challenges in quantum coherent control. Here we implement an array of two-level systems coupled to a photonic mode to realise a Dicke quantum battery. Our quantum battery is constructed with a microcavity formed by two dielectric mirrors enclosing a thin ﬁlm of a fluorescent molecular dye in a polymer matrix. We use ultrafast optical spectroscopy to time resolve the charging dynamics of the quantum battery at femtosecond resolution. We experimentally demonstrate superextensive increases in both charging power and storage capacity, in agreement with our theoretical modelling. We find that decoherence plays an important role in stabilising energy storage, analogous to the role that dissipation plays in photosynthesis. This experimental proof-of-concept is a major milestone towards the practical application of quantum batteries in quantum and conventional devices. Our work opens new opportunities for harnessing collective effects in light-matter coupling for nanoscale energy capture, storage, and transport technologies, including the enhancement of solar cell efficiencies.
How Prevalent Are Symptoms and Risk Factors of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in a Sexually Conservative Population.
Authors: Al-Kuran Oqba , Lama Al-Mehaisen , Hamza Alduraidi , Alhusban Naser , Attarakih Balqees , Sultan Anas , Othman Zeina , AlSha´rat sanal , AlHilali Shoug , Alkouz Nadia , Alibrahim Noura , AlMusallam Wafaa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is the inflammation of the adnexa of the uterus, that mainly manifests in a subclinical/chronic context and goes largely underreported. However, it poses a major threat to women’s health, as it is responsible for infertility and ectopic pregnancies, as well as chronic pelvic pain. Previous studies in Jordan have not reported PID, attributed mainly to the social structure of the country which largely represent a sexually conservative population. Our study aims to report the clinical symptoms that point towards PID and investigate the major risk determinants in a Jordanian population, in a cross-sectional study. Methods: One hundred sixty-eight consecutive adult women that came in the Outpatient Clinics of Gynaecological Department of the Jordan University Hospital were interviewed and their medical history and symptoms were registered and analysed. A Score for PID symptoms, we developed, was given to each woman. Results and correlations were then statistically tested.Results: Our study population consisted of relatively young women (37.7±11) that had their first child at an average age of 24.1 (±4.8) and a mean parity of 3.1 (±2.2). Fifty-eight women (34.5%) reported having undergone at least one CS, while the mean PID Symptom Score was 3.3 (±2.3). The women in our study exhibited 8 symptoms of PID, namely dysmenorrhea and vaginal discharge; being the commonest (45.2% and 44.6% respectively), in addition to chronic pelvic pain, pelvic heaviness, , menorrhagia, dyspareunia, , urinary symptoms, and smelly urine, and reported history of 3 conditions that can be attributed to PID, that is infertility, preterm labour, and miscarriages.Conclusions: Our PID Scoring System seems to identify the risk factors of PID and predict well the PID likelihood. This score predicts that women with higher parity, who used contraceptives and underwent any invasive medical procedure are expected to score higher in the PID Symptom Score. Our data also suggest that PID should not be ruled out in the Jordanian population when symptoms are compatible to this diagnosis.
Which Contraceptive Methods Are Used for Stopping Childbearing in India? Levels, Patterns and Determinants
Authors: ROY AVIJIT , RAHAMAN MARGUBUR , KAPASIA NANIGOPAL , CHOUHAN PRADIP 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aims to examine patterns and socio-economic correlates of using contraceptives for limiting childbirths in India. Methods: The study is based on data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey considering 339,537 currently married, non-pregnant and fecund women. Bivariate and three separate binary logistic regression model were carried out to accomplish the research objectives. Results: Most of the women stated to postpone their childrearing after age 25 years and after achieved children 2 or more in India. Still, 13.5% women were not using any contraceptive to satisfy their demand for postpone childbearing and 8% women were using traditional contraceptive to postpone their childbearing and using traditional contraceptive to postpone childrearing was higher among women aged 15-19 years, illiterate, poor, Muslims and belong from central and northeast region. Women’s age, parity, year of schooling, wealth status, religion, caste, mass media and region found to be strong determinants of met need for limiting childbearing and using traditional contraceptives in India. Conclusion: The met need for demand of spacing methods was fur lagging to desire goals of SDG-3.7.The government should needs to focus on women with high unmet need for limiting and use traditional methods for limiting.
Novel Compatibility of Huanglianjiedu Decoction in Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Alzheimer's Disease1
Authors: Ma Su-Ya , Wang Xu , Du Xiang-Yi , Su Ming-Wan , Yao Xuan , Shi Jing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) are another critical characterization of AD besides cognitive deficit. However, the pharmacological treatment of BPSD remains challenging. HuanglianJiedu decoction (HLJDD), which consists of four herbs, is applied to treat Alzheimer's disease in traditional Chinese medicine, especially AD with BPSD. While the frequently used compatibility of HLJDD, whose principal ingredient is Coptidis Rhizoma (Huang-lian, CR), may not be suitable for treating BPSD. Elucidating the mechanism underlying each herb is critical to HLJDD's pertinent compatibility.Methods: We utilized network pharmacology to analyze the herbs' targets and biological processes for treating BPSD in HLJDD and employed molecular docking to explore the binding activity between herbs' main active ingredients and neurotransmitter receptors. Results: Results showed that Scutellariae Radix (Huang-qin, SR) and Phellodendri Chinrnsis Cortex (Huang-bai, PCC) have better anti-BPSD effects than CR and Gardeniae Fructus (Zhi-zi, GF). SR has a better anti-neuroinflammation function, can better regulate blood vessels. PCC has a higher binding affinity with Dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A). CR and GF may be better for neuronal signaling.Conclusion: For treating BPSD, SR and PCC are the principal ingredients while CR and GF are the ancillary herbs.
The Effects of Bushen Jianpi Recipe on the Maturation of Plasmacytoid Dendric Cell to Treat Chronic Hepatitis B&nbsp;
Authors: Wang Lei , Ye Zixiang , Zhang Chunlei , Shu Xiangbing , Lu Yifei , Wu Tao , Zheng Peiyong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) has been reported showing obvious maturation and deficient function in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. One of the traditional Chinese medicine, Bushen Jianpi Recipe (BSJPR), has efficacy in suppressing HBV by improving immune system. In this study, we explained its mechanism on cellular level.Methods: We measured the contents of pDC maturation-related extracellular cytokines and intracellular signaling pathway proteins in HBV-infected or not infected PBMCs and pDCs to explore the cellular mechanism of BSJPR. There were six groups: a normal serum control group added with fetal bovine serum, a rat serum control group added with normal serum, two HBV virus groups added with normal serum and HBV with different concentrations, and two BSJPR groups added with drug-containing serum and HBV with different concentrations.Results: It was revealed that the effect of BSJPR on extracellular cytokines was vague, while intracellular toll-like receptor (TLR) /myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) /TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) signaling pathway proteins were induced by BSJPR.Conclusions: This study confirmed that BSJPR induces pDC to alleviate CHB via up-regulating intracellular TLR/MyD88/TRIF signaling pathway proteins rather than directly regulating extracellular cytokines.
The Female Financial Inclusion and the Sustainable Development in MENA Countries
Authors: MOUSSA WAJDI 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we try to examine the effect of Microfinance on the sustainable development in a group of Middle East and North Africa countries (MENA). Can we consider that Microcredits are performing instrument for the sustainable development in MENA countries? To answer this question we chose a period from 1990 to 2018 and a sample of 10 MEN countries was selected. We have approximated sustainable development supported by the endogenous variable corresponds to the net adjustment of sustainable development (GS). Exogenous variables are: Active female borrowers (AFB), Labor Force female (LFF), the female to male labor force ratio, Gender parity index (GPI), GINI Index (GINI) and the GDP deflator. In the empirical analysis, we examined the linear fit of this long-term relationship within an error correction (ECM) model. We founded that 67% of sustainable development imbalance will be corrected by micro-financial institutions as the speed of adjustment brings this imbalance back to a stable state in the long term. Subsequently, we adopted the GMM method to determine the dynamics of sustainable development. Our results showed that participation rate of men in the labor force has a negligible and not significant influence on sustainable development and this can refer to their limit.JEL classification: O16; O57; C38; C33.
Methylprednisolone-induced Anaphylaxis Diagnosed by Intradermal Skin Test Not Basophil Activation Test: A Case Report
Authors: Amano Hitomi , Kitagawa Yoshiro , Muto Taichiro , Okumura Akihisa , Iwayama Hideyuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAnaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction. Glucocorticoids rarely induce anaphylaxis. Determination of allergens includes the in vivo skin prick test (SPT) and intradermal skin test (IDST) and the in vitro basophil activation test (BAT). However, the usefulness of BAT in determining drug allergens has not been adequately studied.Case presentation A 10-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital because of fever and arthralgia for 2 weeks. He had not been treated with glucocorticoids. According to the laboratory tests and imaging studies, he was suspected to have bacterial myositis and was treated with ceftriaxone. However, his symptoms persisted for more than 2 weeks. With a suspicion of autoinflammatory arthritis, we planned methylprednisolone (mPSL) sodium succinate (MPS) during pulse therapy (30 mg/kg). Fifteen minutes after the injection of mPSL, he had wheezing and generalized wheal formation with decreased oxygenation. The administration of mPSL was discontinued because anaphylaxis was suspected. Thirty minutes after the administration of oxygen and oral olopatadine, the anaphylactic symptoms resolved. One month after discharge, SPT, IDST, and BAT were performed under the administration of oral prednisolone. The SPTs for MPS, hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HCS) and prednisolone sodium succinate (PSS) were negative. The IDST for MPS was positive. Moreover, the IDSTs for HCS and PSS were positive, whereas those for dexamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone sodium phosphate were negative. The BAT for MPS was negative at 1.0% and 1.9% after an incubation time of 1 hour and 24 hours, respectively, although the BAT for histamine as positive control was 60.4% and 18.3% after an incubation time of 1 hour and 24 hours, respectively. The BATs for HCS and PSS were negative. Therefore, we diagnosed as anaphylaxis secondary to the succinate ester in MPS.ConclusionsIn this case, IDST was useful for the diagnosis of MPS-induced anaphylaxis, whereas BAT was negative. This highlighted the need to choose the appropriate procedure in the diagnosis of steroid-induced anaphylaxis. The results in our patient suggested that BAT may be considered when IDST and SPT are negative. Further studies are necessary to clarify the diagnostic strategy for steroid-induced anaphylaxis.