bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal heterogeneity, migration, and consequences for spawning potential of female bull trout in a river–reservoir system
Authors: Benjamin Joseph R. , Vidergar Dmitri T. , Dunham Jason B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe likelihood that fish will initiate spawning, spawn successfully, or skip spawning in a given year is conditioned in part on availability of energy reserves. We evaluated the consequences of spatial heterogeneity in thermal conditions on the energy accumulation and spawning potential of migratory bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a regulated river–reservoir system. Based on existing data, we identified a portfolio of thermal exposures and migratory patterns and then estimated their influence on energy reserves of female bull trout with a bioenergetics model. Spawning by females was assumed to be possible if postspawning energy reserves equaled or exceeded 4 kJ/g. Given this assumption, results suggested up to 70% of the simulated fish could spawn each year. Fish that moved seasonally between a cold river segment and a warmer reservoir downstream had a greater growth rate and higher propensity to spawn in a given year (range: 40%–70%) compared with fish that resided solely in the cold river segment (25%–40%). On average, fish that spawned lost 30% of their energy content relative to their prespawn energy. In contrast, fish that skipped spawning accumulated, on average, 16% energy gains that could be used toward future gamete production. Skipped spawning occurred when water temperatures were relatively low or high, and if upstream migration occurred relatively late (mid‐July or later) or early (early‐May or earlier). Overall, our modeling effort suggests the configuration of thermal exposures, and the ability of bull trout to exploit this spatially and temporally variable thermal conditions can strongly influence energy reserves and likelihood of successful spawning.
Application of homogenization methods for Ireland's monthly precipitation records: Comparison of break detection results
Authors: Coll John , Domonkos Peter , Guijarro José , Curley Mary , Rustemeier Elke , Aguilar Enric , Walsh Séamus , Sweeney John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTime series homogenization for 299 of the available precipitation records for the island of Ireland (IENet) was performed. Four modern relative homogenization methods, that is, HOMER, ACMANT, CLIMATOL and AHOPS were applied to this network of station series where contiguous intact monthly records range from 30 to 70 years within the base period 1941–2010. Break detection results are compared between homogenization methods, and coincidences with available documentary information (metadata) were analysed. The lowest (highest) number of breaks were detected with HOMER (ACMANT). Large differences of break frequency were found, namely ACMANT and AHOPS detected 8 times as many breaks than HOMER, while the break frequency with CLIMATOL was intermediate. Also, the ratio of series classified to be homogeneous varies widely between the methods. It is 85% with HOMER, 60% with CLIMATOL, 31% with AHOPS, while only 22% with ACMANT. In a further experiment, all the available time series for Ireland and Northern Ireland, (910 series) were used with ACMANT and CLIMATOL to explore the stability of break frequency for the same 299 series examined in the base experiment. While overall break frequency slightly increased (by 6–13%), the break positions notably changed for individual time series. The number of breaks changed for 59% (23%) of the series with ACMANT (CLIMATOL). For the breaks detected coincidentally by at least three methods including ACMANT and CLIMATOL in the base experiment, the second experiment confirmed the break positions in 86–87% of the breaks. The consequences of these results in relation to the reliability of statistical homogenization are discussed. Sometimes markedly different step functions provide comparable good approaches. However, the accuracy of homogenized time series cannot be related directly to the instability of break detection results.
Downscaling climate projections over large and data sparse regions: Methodological application in the Zambezi River Basin
Authors: Peleg Nadav , Sinclair Scott , Fatichi Simone , Burlando Paolo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClimate impact studies often require climate data at a higher space–time resolution than is available from global and regional climate models. Weather generator (WG) models, generally designed for mesoscale applications (e.g., 101–105 km2), are popular and widely used tools to downscale climate data to finer resolution. One advantage of using WGs is their ability to generate the necessary climate variables for impact studies in data sparse regions. In this study, we evaluate the ability of a previously established state of the art WG (the AWE‐GEN‐2d model) to perform in data sparse regions that are beyond the mesoscale, using the Zambezi River basin (106 km2) in southeast Africa as a case study. The AWE‐GEN‐2d model was calibrated using data from satellite retrievals and climate re‐analysis products in place of the absent observational data. An 8‐km climate ensemble at hourly resolution, covering the period of 1976–2099 (present climate and RCP4.5 emission scenario from 2020), was then simulated. Using the simulated 30‐member ensemble, climate indices for both present and future climates were computed. The high‐resolution climate indices allow detailed analysis of the effects of climate change on different areas within the basin. For example, the southwestern area of the basin is predicted to experience the greatest change due to increased temperature, while the southeastern area was found to be already so hot that is less affected (e.g., the number of 'very hot days' per year increase by 18 and 9 days, respectively). Rainfall intensities are found to increase most in the eastern areas of the basin (1 mm·d−1) in comparison to the western region (0.3 mm·d−1). As demonstrated in this study, AWE‐GEN‐2d can be calibrated successfully using data from climate reanalysis products in the absence of ground station data and can be applied at larger scales than the mesoscale.
Influence of collagen membrane on bone quality in titanium mesh reconstructions—Study in rats
Authors: Borges Cristine D'Almeida , Faria Paulo Esteves Pinto , Pessôa de Oliveira Paula Gabriela Faciola , Sales de Melo Soares Mariana , Ricoldi Milla Sprone Tavares , Costa Monalisa Sena , Novaes Júnior Arthur Belém , Tambasco de Oliveira Paulo , Taba Júnior Mário 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundNew bone formation and tissue remodeling are the major challenges in implantology today. Titanium meshes have demonstrated reconstructive potential for vertical bone gain. However, the soft tissue healing is technically sensitive to the surgical procedure. The combined usage of collagen membrane and specification of the meshes may ensure greater predictability. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of collagen membrane on the quality of the new bone formation in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures with different titanium meshes.MethodsTwenty‐eight Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four main experimental groups, according to mesh pore size in μm: Group P300 (titanium meshes, with 0.3‐mm thickness and 3‐mm pore size; n = 7); Group P175 (titanium meshes, with 0.3‐mm thickness and 1.75‐mm pore size; n = 7); Group P85: (titanium meshes, with 0.04‐mm thickness and 0.85‐mm pore size; n = 7); Group P15: (titanium meshes. with 0.04‐mm thickness and 0.15‐mm pore size; n = 7). The femurs of each animal were subdivided into test and control groups: Test: bovine bone graft associated with porcine collagen and collagen membrane was used; control: bovine bone graft associated with porcine collagen was used without association with collagen membrane. Bone quality evaluation by in vivo microtomography and histologic analysis were performed.ResultsBone volume formation was similar between groups (P >0.05). However, the titanium meshes with pore size >1 mm demonstrated higher mineral bone density in comparison with meshes with pore size <1 mm (P <0.05), regardless of the combined usage of collagen membrane. All groups showed a spongy bone formation after 30 days.ConclusionsCombined usage of collagen membrane in GBR procedures with titanium mesh did not show improvements in new bone quality in rat femur model. However, titanium mesh pore size specifications may influence bone quality.
Bipedicled distally based medial plantar artery perforator flap for forefoot reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Guillier David , Campisi Corrado , Krähenbühl Swen M. , Raffoul Wassim , di Summa Pietro G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReconstruction of soft‐tissue defects in the foot weight‐bearing area should encompass sensate and robust skin. Regarding forefoot defects, distally based medial plantar artery (MPA) flap is an ideal option. However, considering variation of the terminal branches of the MPA, reverse flow flaps can be unreliable with an increasing risk of venous congestion or insufficient arterial flow. In this report, we present a case of the use of reverse flow MPA flaps with dual flow vascularization. The patient was a 37‐year‐old female who presented a 7 × 3 cm soft‐tissue defect of the right forefoot after wide local excision following melanoma. Reconstruction happened with a perforator distally based bipedicled flap (8 × 4 cm) on the MPA though keeping an enhanced vascularization through both superficial (sMPA) and deep (dMPA) medial plantar arteries. Donor site was closed with skin graft. Patient was discharged from hospital at postoperative Day 10 and healed uneventfully with progressive start walk was possible again. A full weight bearing with normal shoes was possible after 8 weeks. Good healing and no functional impairment were present after 9 months of follow‐up. We believe this dual vascularization concept may be adopted when possible to improve the overall circulation of the flap and to prevent risks of vascular insufficiency or vein congestion.
Study on multi‐time reflection induced by in‐line fiber connector in engineering applied distributed single‐fiber interferometer sensing system
Authors: Li Churui , Yan Yuze , Wang Chao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, multi‐time reflection phenomenon induced by fiber connector at the connection point of device module in engineering applied all‐fiber long‐distance distributed vibration sensing system is analyzed and discussed. Despite the application of phase generated carrier (PGC) technology, this multi‐time reflection phenomenon severely degrades the performance of the system. Through theoretical analysis and experiments on the basis of PGC technology, it is found that the influence of multi‐time reflection on the system can be suppressed by selecting appropriate modulation frequency according to the position of the reflection point, and the distortion of the phase retrieved signal is effectively eliminated.
Investigation of Parameters that Affect Resin Swelling in Green Solvents
Authors: Amadi‐Kamalu Chidi , Clarke Holly , McRobie Matthew , Mortimer James , North Michael , Ran Yanrui , Routledge Anne , Sibbald Dani , Tickias Matthew , Tse Kai , Willway Helen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe influence of various physical and chemical factors on the swelling of polystyrene and PEG based resins in greener organic solvents has been systematically investigated. In general, chemical factors: the nature of the functionality/linker and the degree of loading were found to have a far larger influence on the swelling of the resins than physical parameters such as bead size. The results are interpreted in terms of Hansen solubility parameters for the solvents and there is evidence that some solvents interact with the polymeric core of a resin whilst others interact with the functionality. The results are extended to a study of the changes in resin swelling observed during both deprotection and chain elongation reactions during solid phase peptide synthesis.
Enhanced surface insulation of micron alumina/epoxy composites brought by plasma co‐hydrothermal fluorination of filler
Authors: Zhou Huahao , Xie Qing , Ruan Haoou , An Guoping , Wu Gengteng , Yang Xinyu , Zhang Yahui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpoxy resin filled with micron alumina (micro‐Al2O3/ER) has been widely used in the manufacture of basin insulators for its excellent mechanical and thermal properties. However, charge dissipation properties of micro‐Al2O3/ER are too poor to ensure its surface insulation on strength under long‐term action of a DC electric field. In this paper, the modification method of plasma cohydrothermal fluorination of filler was proposed to improve its surface charge dissipation performance. The surface morphology and the element content of Al2O3 were observed, and the flashover voltage and charge characteristics of different composites were tested. Finally, the trap distribution was calculated by isothermal current attenuation method. Self‐comparison analysis with single‐step modification of plasma treatment shows that the cofluorination method has a high graft rate of fluorine element and an ideal modification effect on surface insulation, with its technical means convenient to be applied in the insulator manufacturing industry.
Recent Process of Flexible Transistor‐Structured Memory
Authors: Ni Yao , Wang Yongfei , Xu Wentao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFlexible transistor‐structured memory (FTSM) has attracted great attention for its important role in flexible electronics. For nonvolatile information storage, FTSMs with floating‐gate, charge‐trap, and ferroelectric mechanisms have been developed. By introducing an optical sensory module, FTSM can be operated by optical inputs to function as an optical memory transistor. As a special type of FTSM, transistor‐structured artificial synapse emulates important functions of a biological synapse to mimic brain‐inspired memory behaviors and nervous signal transmissions. This work reviews the recent development of the above mentioned FTSMs, with a focus on working mechanism and materials, and flexibility.
Small‐Scale Propellers Deliver Miniature Versions of Themselves
Authors: Karshalev Emil , Yan Jieming , Campos Isaac , Sandraz Elodie , Li Jinxing , Wang Joseph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSmall‐scale actuators and propellers have benefited from advances in materials and manufacturing to become more lifelike. Inspired by animal species, multi‐generational chemically powered artificial propellers that carry small versions of themselves and deliver them “on‐the‐fly” are described. The released replicas are capable of autonomous propulsion and propelling immediately after detachment. Release occurs without human involvement and relies solely on sacrificial layers separating the carriers and replicas. These layers are composed of transient natural polymers, which dissolve under the swimming conditions to release the confined replicas. Judicious selection of the responsive transient materials, layer thickness, and solution conditions (e.g., pH), leads to programmable delivery of the replicas. Finally, the ability of the same carrier propellers to carry and transport multiple generations of propellers and deliver them at predetermined times is demonstrated.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty as treatment of malignant vertebral lesions: a systematic review and GRADE evaluation resulting in a Danish national clinical guideline
Authors: Rousing Rikke , Kirkegaard Andreas Ole , Nielsen Michael , Holtved Eva , Sørensen Leif Hougaard , Lund Thomas , Olesen Viola , Andersen Mikkel Ø. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To summarize the recommendations from the national clinical guideline published by the Danish Health Authority, regarding cemental augmentation as treatment for painful vertebral lesions, in patients with malignant disease.

Methods
A multidisciplinary working group formulated recommendations based on the GRADE approach.

Results
Two of the questions were based on randomized studies and one on professional consensus. The guideline recommends cemental augmentation for painful vertebral lesions in patients with malignant diagnosis, either hematological or non-hematological. Fracture of the posterior wall is not a contradiction to cemental augmentation, but care should always be taken while injecting the cement, to decrease the risk of cemental leaks into the spinal canal.

Conclusion
The recommendations are based on low-to-moderate quality of evidence or professional consensus as well as patient preferences and positive and harmful effects of the intervention. The working group recommends more randomized studies on patients with different malignant diseases and painful vertebral lesions comparing percutaneous vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty and conservative treatment to confirm the conclusion in this guideline.

Graphic abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Epidemiological trends, predictive factors, and projection of tooth loss in Germany 1997–2030: part II. Edentulism in seniors
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Nitschke Ina , Stark Helmut , Micheelis Wolfgang , Jordan Rainer A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
This is the second part of a report on tooth loss in Germany 1997–2030. Here, we describe trends in the prevalence of edentulism in seniors 1997–2014, assess predictive factors for edentulism, and projected it into 2030.

Material and methods
We used data from three waves of the cross-sectional, multi-center, nationwide representative German Oral Health Studies. Overall, 3449 seniors (65–74 years) were included (1997: 1367; 2005: 1040; 2016: 1042). Age, sex, educational level, smoking status, and the cohort were entered into age-cohort binary-logistic regression models to assess the association of predictors with edentulism and to project edentulism in 2030 via Monte Carlo simulations.

Results
Between 1997 and 2014, the prevalence of edentulism decreased from 24.8 to 12.4%. With each year of age, the risk of being edentate increased (by 11%, p < 0.001); it was also significantly increased in female versus male (by 40%, p = 0.001), low versus medium and high educational level (up to 257%, p < 0.001), and in former and current smokers (up to 258%, p < 0.001). We predict the prevalence of edentulism to be reduced to 4.2% in 2030. The reduction will be higher in males, never and former smokers, and those with low socio-educational level. On an absolute level and despite a growing elderly population (aged 60–80 years), the number of edentate individuals will have decreased by 3.6 million in 2030 compared with 1997.

Conclusions
Edentulism in seniors has declined equitably in Germany. The decline is expected to continue until 2030. Further efforts are needed to tackle the underlying risk factors.

Clinical relevance
This study presents trends of edentulism in Germany for a period of three decades. It provides clinically relevant data for health care planning by 2030.
The effect of readability and language choice in management accounting reports on risk-taking: an experimental study
Authors: Besuglov Ewgenij , Crasselt Nils 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConcisely written financial documents facilitate information processing and help to improve decision-making. However, the role of readability seems to be still neglected in accounting practice. Readability concerns become even more relevant in the light of the fact that English is commonly used as the corporate language in multinational corporations throughout the world. Management reports prepared in a foreign language may be less readable than reports written in the preparer’s mother tongue. With this study we set out to experimentally investigate the effects of report readability and choosing either managers’ mother tongue or a foreign language as the reporting language on risk-taking in a management accounting context. We were able to show that a low level of readability significantly reduces the willingness to accept beneficial risks, a phenomenon which can be explained by the cognitive load effect. In line with the foreign language effect, we provide tentative evidence that the use of a foreign language in combination with a high readability level enhances the willingness to undertake beneficial risks. Further investigation revealed that the foreign language effect is present only for a medium–high language proficiency level and can be best explained by the reduced emotionality account.
Cemented all-polyethylene glenoid with standard or individualized backside curvature
Authors: Schnetzke Marc , Sulzer Susan , Engelke Jennifer , Loew Markus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The clinical and radiographic results of an all-polyethylene glenoid with variable backside curvature adapted to the individual anatomy were compared with a standard all-polyethylene glenoid.

Methods
This retrospective study included 87 patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis and anatomic shoulder replacement with a short-stem prosthesis and cemented all-polyethylene glenoid. In all, 42 patients with a mean age of 67 ± 8 years were treated with an all-polyethylene glenoid without variable curvature (group 1) and 45 patients with a mean age of 68 ± 10 years were treated with an all-polyethylene glenoid with individualized curvature (group 2). Clinical outcome was determined by range of motion, Constant Score (CS) age- and sex-adjusted Constant Score (CS%), and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV). Radiographs were analyzed for the occurrence of radiolucent lines according to the method of Mole.

Results
After a mean follow-up of 31 months (range, 24–50) a significant improvement was achieved in all clinical parameters in both groups (p < 0.001). Immediately postoperatively, the radiolucent line score in group 1 was 0.8 ± 1.4 and in group 2 0.7 ± 1.1 (p = 0.713). At the final follow-up, the radiolucent line scores were 1.2 ± 2.0 in group 1 and 0.9 ± 1.1 in group 2 (p = 0.410). In five patients (12%) from group 1 and four patients from group 2 (9%), the radiolucent line score increased over time. One patient in group 1 (2%) exhibited radiographic glenoid loosening.

Conclusion
The all-polyethylene glenoid with individualized curvature showed promising short-term clinical and radiographic results. Further studies with a longer follow-up are necessary to evaluate whether the new all-polyethylene glenoid is superior to the standard all-polyethylene glenoid.
Phase Equilibrium Study of the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 System at 1300°C and 1400°C in Air
Authors: Shi Junjie , Chen Min , Wan Xingbang , Taskinen Pekka , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to the importance of the physicochemical properties of slag in the recovery of low-titanium ores and by-products, the equilibrium phase relationships of the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 system were experimentally determined using a high-temperature equilibration and quenching method at 1300°C and 1400°C. The equilibrium information was obtained by scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Perovskite, spinel and pseudobrookite solid solution phases with MgO·2TiO2 and Al2O3·TiO2 end members were found to be coexisting with the liquid phase. The 1300°C and 1400°C isotherms were then constructed on a CaO-SiO2-TiO2-8 wt.% MgO-14 wt.% Al2O3 quasi-ternary section. Comparisons with predictions by Factsage and MTDATA indicated that the computational results agreed well only in the primary phase field of perovskite, while clear deviations existed within other primary phase fields. Therefore, the present results improve our knowledge about the utilization of titanium resources, and are also significant in providing novel equilibrium data for updating the related thermodynamic databases.