bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curvature constraints in heterotic Landau-Ginzburg models
Authors: Garavuso Richard S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study a class of heterotic Landau-Ginzburg models. We show that the action can be written as a sum of BRST-exact and non-exact terms. The non-exact terms involve the pullback of the complexified Kähler form to the worldsheet and terms arising from the superpotential, which is a Grassmann-odd holomorphic function of the superfields. We then demonstrate that the action is invariant on-shell under supersymmetry transformations up to a total derivative. Finally, we extend the analysis to the case in which the superpotential is not holomorphic. In this case, we find that supersymmetry imposes a constraint which relates the nonholomorphic parameters of the superpotential to the Hermitian curvature. Various special cases of this constraint have previously been used to establish properties of Mathai-Quillen form analogues which arise in the corresponding heterotic Landau-Ginzburg models. There, it was claimed that supersymmetry imposes those constraints. Our goal in this paper is to support that claim. The analysis for the nonholomorphic case also reveals a constraint imposed by supersymmetry that we did not anticipate from studies of Mathai-Quillen form analogues.
The Application of CAR-T Cells in Haematological Malignancies
Authors: Skorka Katarzyna , Ostapinska Katarzyna , Malesa Aneta , Giannopoulos Krzysztof 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells (CART) remain one of the most advanced and promising forms of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. CART represent autologous, genetically engineered T lymphocytes expressing CAR, i.e. fusion proteins that combine components and features of T cells as well as antibodies providing their more effective and direct anti-tumour effect. The technology of CART construction is highly advanced in vitro and every element of their structure influence their mechanism of action in vivo. Patients with haematological malignancies are faced with the possibility of disease relapse after the implementation of conventional chemo-immunotherapy. Since the most preferable result of therapy is a partial or complete remission, cancer treatment regimens are constantly being improved and customized to individual patients. This individualization could be ensured by CART therapy. This paper characterized CART strategy in details in terms of their structure, generations, mechanism of action and published the results of clinical trials in haematological malignancies including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma.
Linear models for diallel crosses: a review with R functions
Authors: Onofri Andrea , Terzaroli Niccolò , Russi Luigi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Key message
A new R-software procedure for fixed/random Diallel models was developed. We eased the diallel schemes approach by considering them as specific cases with different parameterisations of a general linear model.

Abstract
Diallel experiments are based on a set of possible crosses between some homozygous (inbred) lines. For these experiments, six main diallel models are available in literature, to quantify genetic effects, such as general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), reciprocal (maternal) effects and heterosis. Those models tend to be presented as separate entities, to be fitted by using specialised software. In this manuscript, we reinforce the idea that diallel models should be better regarded as specific cases (different parameterisations) of a general linear model and might be fitted with general purpose software facilities, as used for all other types of linear models. We start from the estimation of fixed genetical effects within the R environment and try to bridge the gap between diallel models, linear models and ordinary least squares estimation (OLS). First, we review the main diallel models in literature. Second, we build a set of tools to enable geneticists, plant/animal breeders and students to fit diallel models by using the most widely known R functions for OLS fitting, i.e. the ‘lm()’ function and related methods. Here, we give three examples to show how diallel models can be built by using the typical process of GLMs and fitted, inspected and processed as all other types of linear models in R. Finally, we give a fourth example to show how our tools can be also used to fit random/mixed effect diallel models in the Bayesian framework.
Development of a full roll-to-roll manufacturing process of through-substrate vias with stretchable substrates enabling double-sided wearable electronics
Authors: Jansson E. , Korhonen A. , Hietala M. , Kololuoma T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the recent years, there has been a growing interest towards printed stretchable electronics used in diagnostics, health-monitoring, and wearable applications. Double-sided electronic circuits with through-substrate vias offer a solution where the amount of printed circuitry and assembled SMDs (surface-mount devices) in direct contact with the human skin can be minimized. This improves not only the wearability and cost-effectiveness of the printed electronic devices but also the product safety and comfort to wear. Another factor decreasing the unit costs in printed electronics is the use of high volume, high speed, and continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing processes. In this current paper, a full R2R process for the manufacturing of through-substrate vias on stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate was developed and verified. The through-substrate via-holes were manufactured in R2R using either laser-cutting or die-cutting. Rotary screen printing was used to print conductive tracks onto both sides of the stretchable substrate and to fill the via-holes. Eventually, conductive and stretchable through-substrate vias with low sheet resistance and low resistance deviation were reliably achieved with the developed process.
Oral Microbial Species and Virulence Factors Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Torralba Manolito G. , Aleti Gajender , Li Weizhong , Moncera Kelvin Jens , Lin Yi-Han , Yu Yanbao , Masternak Michal M. , Golusinski Wojciech , Golusinski Pawel , Lamperska Katarzyna , Edlund Anna , Freire Marcelo , Nelson Karen E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe human microbiome has been the focus of numerous research efforts to elucidate the pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer. Oral cancer mortality is high when compared with other cancers, as diagnosis often occurs during late stages. Its prevalence has increased in the USA over the past decade and accounts for over 40,000 new cancer patients each year. Additionally, oral cancer pathogenesis is not fully understood and is likely multifactorial. To unravel the relationships that are associated with the oral microbiome and their virulence factors, we used 16S rDNA and metagenomic sequencing to characterize the microbial composition and functional content in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor tissue, non-tumor tissue, and saliva from 18 OSCC patients. Results indicate a higher number of bacteria belonging to the Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes phyla associated with tumor tissue when compared with all other sample types. Additionally, saliva metaproteomics revealed a significant increase ofPrevotellain five OSCC subjects, whileCorynebacteriumwas mostly associated with ten healthy subjects. Lastly, we determined that there are adhesion and virulence factors associated withStreptococcus gordoniias well as from known oral pathogens belonging to theFusobacteriumgenera found mostly in OSCC tissues. From these results, we propose that not only will the methods utilized in this study drastically improve OSCC diagnostics, but the organisms and specific virulence factors from the phyla detected in tumor tissue may be excellent biomarkers for characterizing disease progression.
Shelter from the cytokine storm: pitfalls and prospects in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for an elderly population
Authors: Ciabattini Annalisa , Garagnani Paolo , Santoro Francesco , Rappuoli Rino , Franceschi Claudio , Medaglini Donata 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic urgently calls for the development of effective preventive tools. COVID-19 hits greatly the elder and more fragile fraction of the population boosting the evergreen issue of the vaccination of older people. The development of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 tailored for the elderly population faces the challenge of the poor immune responsiveness of the older population due to immunosenescence, comorbidities, and pharmacological treatments. Moreover, it is likely that the inflammaging phenotype associated with age could both influence vaccination efficacy and exacerbate the risk of COVID-19-related “cytokine storm syndrome” with an overlap between the factors which impact vaccination effectiveness and those that boost virulence and worsen the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of immune responses, and the lack of clear correlates of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging. In the ongoing effort in vaccine development, different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates have been developed, tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies and are undergoing clinical testing, but only a small fraction of these are currently being tested in the older fraction of the population. Recent advances in systems biology integrating clinical, immunologic, and omics data can help to identify stable and robust markers of vaccine response and move towards a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in the elderly.
Optimierte Polymer-Rohrwerkstoffe für effiziente Drainagesysteme in Tunnelbauwerken—PolyDrain Teil II
Authors: Arbeiter Florian , Eichinger Stefanie , Rieß Gisbert , Schachinger Tobias , Boch Ronny , Wenighofer Robert , Galler Robert , Hausberger Andreas , Strobl Elmar , Stur Michael , Saliger Florian , Steiner Michael , Dietzel Martin , Pinter Gerald 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungUm notwendige Reinigungsarbeiten zur Aufrechterhaltung der Drainagewirkung von Drainagerohren in Tunneln zu minimieren, wurden im gegenständlichen Projekt Kunststoffe mit verschiedenen aktiven Wirkstoffen modifiziert, welche die Versinterungsneigung an den Rohroberflächen reduzieren sollen. Ausgehend von dieser praktischen Fragestellung wurden sieben verschiedene Rezepturen hinsichtlich ihres Potentials zur Verringerung der karbonatischen Versinterungen und zur industriellen Verarbeitbarkeit bewertet. Die hergestellten Compounds aus Matrix-Kunststoff, einem kommerziell verfügbaren Polyethylen-Rohr Typ und dem jeweiligen Wirkstoff sind zu Prüfkörpern verarbeitet und sowohl in Labor- als auch in Feldversuchen in realen Tunnelbauwerken ausgelagert worden. Anschließend fand die Beurteilung der Probekörper hinsichtlich der aufgewachsenen Versinterungen mittels chemischem Säureaufschluss, sowie optischen Analyseverfahren statt. Hinsichtlich der Verringerung der Versinterung zeigten das Polyethylen-Glykol Copolymer sowie das Compound mit Zeolith die besten Effekte.
Ultra-thin oxide breakdown for OTP development in power technologies
Authors: Gasparri Osvaldo , Bernardoni Mirko , Del Croce Paolo , Baschirotto Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOTP (One Time Programmable) memory in power technology enables electrical performance optimization together with area occupation reduction. In this paper, the aspects relative to the oxide breakdown (which is the key mechanism for memory programmability) are studied and applied to the development of an antifuse OTP cell in a 350 nm-CMOS power technology. The physical analysis of the degradation phases of an oxide layer is presented together with the physical models, exploited to foresee the device time-to-breakdown depending on applied voltage, oxide thickness etc. The achieved results are used in the development and reliable implementation of OTP cells in the target 350 nm-CMOS node.
Complications or rather side effects? Quantification of patient satisfaction and complications after orthognathic surgery—a retrospective, cross-sectional long-term analysis
Authors: Thiem Daniel G. E. , Schneider Daniel , Hammel Michael , Saka Bassam , Frerich Bernhard , Al-Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this clinical analysis was to evaluate intraoperative and early postoperative complications as well as late findings and the overall patient satisfaction following orthognathic surgery.

Materials and Methods
In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, 119 patients after orthognathic surgery were included. Surgical approaches were single bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO (n = 52)), single LeFort-I osteotomy (n = 5) and bimaxillary osteotomy (LeFort-I + BSSO (n = 62)). Intraoperative and early (0–4 weeks postoperative) complications were investigated retrospectively (n = 119), whereas late findings and quality of life were assessed via clinical follow-up and survey (mean: 59 months postoperative) on 48 patients.

Results
Bad split (n = 4/114) was the most common intraoperative complication followed by one case of severe bleeding. Regarding early postoperative complications, temporary damage of the inferior alveolar nerve after BSSO was most common (n = 33/114), followed by facial nerve dysfunction (n = 3), failed osteosynthesis (n = 2) and one case of postoperative dyspnoea. Permanent hypaesthesia of the lower lip was the most prevalent (n = 28/45(BSSO and LeFort-I + BSSO)) late finding with varying extent, followed by temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) (n = 25/48). Skeletal relapse mostly occurred after class II treatment, followed by class III, posterior crossbite and open bite. Overall, the surgery improved the patients’ self-perception (85.4%), with 60.4% of patients opting for surgery again.

Conclusions
Long-term complications after orthognathic surgery occurred more frequently than commonly described in the literature, and analyses of the quality of life show the need for more comprehensive preoperative patient education.

Clinical relevance
Hypaesthesia of the lower lip presented less as complication but rather as side effect following BSSO. As orthognathic surgery is mostly elective, preoperative patient education is of pivotal importance and should include proactive risk stratification.
Medical and economic consequences of perioperative complications in older hip fracture patients
Authors: Knauf Tom , Hack Juliana , Barthel Juliane , Eschbach Daphne , Schoeneberg Carsten , Ruchholtz Steffen , Buecking Benjamin , Aigner Rene 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Summary

Patients suffering from complications during inpatient treatment after hip fracture surgery are associated with a worse mid-term outcome. While surgically treatable complications only delay the healing process, internal complications seem to worsen the outcome in the long run. All complications come with significant increased costs during the hospital stay.

Purpose
Due to the demographic changes, the importance of hip fractures is still increasing nowadays. Not only surgical but also medical complications represent a major challenge in the treatment of those patients. Nevertheless, only few is known about the functional, medical, and economic consequences of complications.

Methods
A total of 402 hip fracture patients ≥ 60 years were observed prospectively at a German university hospital. Complications were assessed during the inpatient stay and classified by Clavien and Dindo. Afterwards their influence on acute care costs was examined as well as their influence on the mortality, health-related quality of life (HRQL) (EQ5D), functional capacities (Barthel index), and mobility (Tinetti score) in the follow-up periods of 6 and 12 months.

Results
Complications that required surgical revision/treatment (type III) were associated with an increased 6 months’ mortality, while type II and IV complications did not influence mortality after 6 and 12 months. Six months after surgery, HRQL, Barthel score, and Tinetti score were reduced in patients suffering from all different types of complications. After 12 months however, HRQL, Barthel score, and Tinetti score following type II and IV complications remained reduced, while the scores improved in patients suffering from type III complication. All types of complications led to significantly increased acute care costs.

Conclusions
The results of the present study emphasize the crucial role of perioperative complications in older patients with hip fractures. Therefore, special attention has to be given to the prevention of those complications, e.g., with orthogeriatric treatment models, which have been shown to be effective in the reduction of complications.
Identifying and exploring the self-management strategies used by childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Brown Morven C. , Haste Anna , Araújo-Soares Vera , Skinner Roderick , Sharp Linda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are at increased risk of chronic health problems. Effective self-management could help CCSs cope with the challenges that accompany survivorship and reduce their risk of developing further health problems. There is little evidence about the extent to which CCSs engage with self-management and the specific strategies they use. This study aimed to identify and explore the strategies that CCSs use to manage the consequences of cancer.

Methods
Twenty-four CCSs were recruited via follow-up clinics. Participants completed a semi-structured interview which was audio-recorded and transcribed. Directed content analysis was used to identify self-reported self-management strategies and categorise them into main self-management types.

Results
CCSs reported 118 specific self-management strategies which fell under 20 main self-management strategy types. All CCSs reported using several main self-management strategy types and specific self-management strategies. Main strategy types used by all CCSs were “adopting a healthy lifestyle”, “self-motivating”, “using support”, “reasoned decision-making” and “creating a healthy environment”. The most common specific self-management strategies were “receiving family support” (n = 20) and “attending follow-up and screening appointments” (n = 20).

Conclusions
This is the first study which has enabled CCSs to self-report the numerous strategies they employ to look after their health and well-being, contributing to a more comprehensive picture of self-management in CCSs.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
These findings may increase healthcare professionals’ awareness of the many ways in which CCSs manage their health and is a valuable first step in the development of a supported self-management intervention for CCSs in follow-up care.
Would Nonconsensual Criminal Neurorehabilitation Express a more Degrading Attitude Towards Offenders than Consensual Criminal Neurorehabilitation?
Authors: Varelius Jukka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt has been proposed that reoffending could be reduced by manipulating the neural underpinnings of offenders’ criminogenic mental features with what have been called neurocorrectives. The legitimacy of such use of neurotechnology – criminal neurorehabilitation, as the use is called – is usually seen to presuppose valid consent by the offenders subjected to it. According to a central criticism of nonconsensual criminal neurorehabilitation, nonconsensual use of neurocorrectives would express a degrading attitude towards offenders. In this article, I consider this criticism of nonconsensual criminal neurorehabilitation. By using cases of autonomous persons who lead a subservient existence as an example, I propose that nonconsensual criminal neurorehabilitation need not express a more degrading attitude towards offenders than consensual criminal neurorehabilitation. The argument of this article does not show that nonconsensual criminal neurorehabilitation is morally or legally acceptable. Yet, in view of the argument, criticizing nonconsensual criminal neurorehabilitation for expressing a degrading attitude towards offenders is not compatible with simultaneously endorsing consensual criminal neurorehabilitation.
Infinitesimal Hilbertianity of Locally $$\mathrm{CAT}(\kappa )$$-Spaces
Authors: Di Marino Simone , Gigli Nicola , Pasqualetto Enrico , Soultanis Elefterios 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe show that, given a metric space$$(\mathrm{Y},\textsf {d} )$$(Y,d)of curvature bounded from above in the sense of Alexandrov, and a positive Radon measure$$\mu $$μon$$\mathrm{Y}$$Ygiving finite mass to bounded sets, the resulting metric measure space$$(\mathrm{Y},\textsf {d} ,\mu )$$(Y,d,μ)is infinitesimally Hilbertian, i.e. the Sobolev space$$W^{1,2}(\mathrm{Y},\textsf {d} ,\mu )$$W1,2(Y,d,μ)is a Hilbert space. The result is obtained by constructing an isometric embedding of the ‘abstract and analytical’ space of derivations into the ‘concrete and geometrical’ bundle whose fibre at$$x\in \mathrm{Y}$$x∈Yis the tangent cone atxof$$\mathrm{Y}$$Y. The conclusion then follows from the fact that for every$$x\in \mathrm{Y}$$x∈Ysuch a cone is a$$\mathrm{CAT}(0)$$CAT(0)space and, as such, has a Hilbert-like structure.
Diversity of plant communities with Carex flava agg. in Poland and their relationship with soil properties
Authors: Więcław Helena , Podlasiński Marek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTheCarex flavaaggregate belongs to one of the most taxonomically difficult groups of sedges which colonize diverse habitats, from organic to sandy, from acidic to alkaline, usually humid and moist. The study included 129 vegetation plots and ten soil variables (organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, carbonates, carbon, nitrogen, pH, and the ratio between organic carbon and nitrogen). The main aim was to determine the relationships between the various plant communitiesC. flavaagg. occur in and their soil properties. With the aid of the two-way indicator species analysis and cluster analysis, we delimited nine vegetation types from theScheuchzerio palustris-Caricetea fuscae,Littorelletea uniflorae,Molinio-ArrhenathereteaandAlnetea glutinosaeclasses differing in their response to soil properties. The CCA revealed pH, N, K, C, CaCO3, P and Ca to be statistically significant, and to account for 11.55% of the total variance in species composition. The largest differences, both in terms of species composition and in soil conditions, were revealed between communities withC. lepidocarpaandC. demissa.Carex lepidocarpaoccurred in calcareous and extremely rich fens (Caricion davallianae) whereasC. demissawas found to occur in poor and moderately rich fens (Sphagno-Caricion canescentis,Caricion canescenti-nigrae).Carex flavagrew mostly in calcareous, rich fens and wet grasslands (Caricion davallianae,Calthion palustris).Carex viridulawas found in both calcareous, extremely and moderately rich fens and wet grasslands, and in nutrient-poor habitats such as dunes and sandy lake shores. The ecological niche ofC. viridulais very wide and this species showed no affinity to any specific syntaxon.