bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-dimensional bounded cohomology and extensions of groups
Authors: Heuer Nicolaus 
Published: March 2020

Bounded cohomology of groups was first studied by Gromov in 1982 in his seminal paper M. Gromov, Volume and bounded cohomology, Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. (1982), no. 56, 5–99. Since then it has sparked much research in Geometric Group Theory. However, it is notoriously hard to explicitly compute bounded cohomology, even for most basic “non-positively curved” groups. On the other hand, there is a well-known interpretation of ordinary group cohomology in dimension $2$ and $3$ in terms of group extensions. The aim of this paper is to make this interpretation available for bounded group cohomology. This will involve quasihomomorphisms as defined and studied by K. Fujiwara and M. Kapovich, On quasihomomorphisms with noncommutative targets, Geom. Funct. Anal. 26 (2016), no. 2, 478–519.
The weak Lefschetz property for quotients by quadratic monomials
Authors: Migliore Juan , Nagel Uwe , Schenck Hal 
Published: March 2020

Michałek and Miró-Roig, in J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 143 (2016), 66–87, give a beautiful geometric characterization of Artinian quotients by ideals generated by quadratic or cubic monomials, such that the multiplication map by a general linear form fails to be injective in the first nontrivial degree. Their work was motivated by conjectures of Ilardi and Mezzetti, Miró-Roig and Ottaviani, connecting the failure to Laplace equations and classical results of Togliatti on osculating planes. We study quotients by quadratic monomial ideals, explaining failure of the Weak Lefschetz Property for some cases not covered by Michałek and Miró-Roig.
Perfil psicofarmacológico da população masculina atendida na Clínica Escola de uma IES do Paraná
Authors: Teixeira de Souza Valéria , Staub Prochnau Inara , Sausen Tiago Rafael 
Published: March 2020

Introdução: Transtornos mentais são alterações, temporárias ou duradouras, que interferem de forma significativa na vida de muitas pessoas. Uma das formas de tratamento é através do uso de psicofármacos, substâncias que podem atuar diretamente em neurotransmissores, diminuindo o desconforto/sofrimento do paciente. Objetivos: Investigar os psicofármacos utilizados no tratamento de psicopatologias de homens adultos atendidos na Clínica Escola da IES. Materiais e Método: Pesquisa documental (triagens e prontuários) do biênio 2016/2017 e análise comparativa. Resultados: Foram atendidos 29 homens, com idade média de 34 anos e as classes de psicofármacos citadas foram antidepressivos, antipsicóticos e ansiolíticos. Onze indivíduos administravam antidepressivos e doze não utilizava medicação. Discussão: As subclasses de antidepressivos encontradas foram: inibidores seletivos da recaptura da serotonina (fluoxetina, sertralina, citalopram, escitalopram), inibidores seletivos da recaptura de serotonina (venlafaxina, trazodona) e bloqueadores da recaptação da dopamina e noradrenalina (bupropiona), administrados para o transtorno de ansiedade. Citalopram, fluoxetina e bupropriona eram utilizadas no transtorno de pânico em conjunto com diazepam. Em apenas três casos haviam antidepressivos (venlafaxina e sertralina) administrados no transtorno depressivo. Os antipsicóticos (haloperidol e risperidona) estavam sendo administrados para casos de ansiedade e nervosismo. Conclusão: Foi possível ampliar a compreensão acerca do mecanismo de ação dos psicofármacos, característica importante na atuação do Psicólogo, visto que possibilitou visão mais completa do paciente e seu sofrimento.
Developing Neuraxial and Regional Pain Procedural Skills Through Innovative 3-Dimensional Printing Technology
Authors: Headman Zachary C. , Matson Marcus C. , Schneider Robert P. , Potter James L. , Loguda-Summers Debra L. , Bhatia Shalini , Kondrashova Tatyana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
Various forms of simulation-based training, including training models, increase training opportunities and help assess performance of a task. However, commercial training models for lumbar puncture and epidural procedures are costly.

Objective
To assess medical students’ and residents’ perception of 3-dimensional (3D)-printed lumbar, cervical, and pelvic models for mastering joint injection techniques and to determine the utility of ultrasonography-guided needle procedure training.

Methods
Osteopathic medical students and residents used in-house 3D-printed gel joint models during an injection ultrasonography laboratory for mastering lumbar epidural, caudal epidural, sacroiliac, and facet joint injection techniques. After the laboratory, they answered a 17-item survey about their perception of the importance of the models in medical education and future practice. The survey also evaluated comfort levels with performing joint injections after using the models, overall satisfaction with the models, and likelihood of using models in the future.

Results
Thirty-six medical students and residents participated. Both students and residents agreed that 3D-printed models were easy to use, aided understanding of corresponding procedures, and increased comfort with performing joint injections (all P<.001). Most participants (35 [97.2%]) believed that the models were reasonable alternatives to commercial models. Over half felt capable of successfully performing cervical or pelvic (22 [61.1%]) and lumbar epidural (23 [63.9%]) injections. The majority of participants (34 [94.4%]) would like to use the models in the future for personal training purposes. Overall, 100% believed that the 3D-printed models were a useful tool for injection training.

Conclusions
Results suggest that 3D-printed models provided realistic training experience for injection procedures and seemed to allow participants to quickly master new injection techniques. These models offer a visual representation of human anatomy and could be a cost-saving alternative to commercial trainers.
An Interesting Case of Acquired Brown Syndrome - Superior Oblique Myocysticercosis
Authors: Dhar Sanjay Kumar , Miskin Angad , Raji K. , Sharma Vijay K. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
To report a case of acquired Brown syndrome due to myocysticercosis of superior oblique muscle.

Case Report:
A 10-year-old male child presented with headache, right ocular pain, proptosis and diplopia. On evaluation patient was found to have limitation of elevation in adduction in right eye. Imaging showed myocysticercosis of right superior oblique muscle. Patient was treated with Tab Albendazole for 04 weeks. Patient responded to the treatment well and all the symptoms resolved along with restriction of elevation in adduction.

Conclusion:
Ocular myocysticercosis should be kept in mind in cases of restrictive squints of recent onset, although it may have varied presentations in pediatric population. Systemic workup along with the imaging is required to establish the diagnosis. Treatment is with Tab Albendazole 15mg/kg body weight under initial cover of oral steroids.
Antibacterial Potential of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Carica papaya Leaves
Authors: Airaodion Augustine I. , Ekenjoku John A. , Akaninyene Ime U. , Megwas Anthony U. 
Published: March 2020

Background: The search for newer sources of antibiotics is a global challenge pre-occupying research institutions, pharmaceutical companies and academia, since many infectious agents are becoming resistant to synthetic drugs.
Aim: This present study sought to investigate the antibacterial potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Carica papaya leaves.
Materials and Methods: Fresh and healthy leaves of C. papaya were harvested, air dried and milled into powder. The powder was extracted using ethanol and water as solvents. The antibacterial activities of both extracts were determined by diffusion method. Nutrient agar medium was prepared using standard method. Pure cultures of Coliform bacillus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus viridans, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli were obtained from the Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. The extracts were serially diluted to obtain 1.0%, 0.5%, 0.25% and 0.125% solutions in sterile test tubes. Sterilized 9 mm filter paper disc soaked in the diluted extracts were placed on the plate and incubated for 24 hours at room temperature. The plates were examined for clear zones of inhibition. Presence of zones of inhibition indicated activity.
Results: the results showed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. papaya leaves exhibit antibacterial activities against C. bacillus, S. epidemidis, S. viridans and E. coli and also inhibited their growth. The effect of the ethanolic extract was greater than that of the aqueous extract. However, this activity was not observed with S. typhi.
Conclusion: The result of the present study showed that C. papaya leaves might effectively inhibit the growth of C. bacillus, S. epidemidis, S. viridans and E. coli but not that of S. typhi. However, the ethanolic extract is more potent than the aqueous extract.
Knowledge and Compliance with Standard Precautions amongst Healthcare Workers in Selected Hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbonda P. N. , Douglas K. , Moore B. M. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Standard precautions (SPs) in the hospital are very important in the reduction of health care workers’ exposure to occupational health hazards but most hospitals are used to reactive rather than proactive safety practices. The effect of reactive safety practices is overwhelming to health care workers, hospitals and the society. Thus, this study assessed health care workers’ knowledge and compliance with standard precautions.
Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design and proportionate stratified random sampling method was adopted and a sample size of 391was selected using Taro-Yamane formula. The study relied on a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents and a reliability of 0.87 was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used with the aid of statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 21.
Results: Healthcare workers’ (HCWs) have fair knowledge of SPs and poor compliance with SPs. Also, there is significant association between HCWs’ knowledge of SPs and gender, marital status, years of experience and job category in the hospitals (p < 0.05). Consequently, there is significant association between compliance with SPs and gender, years of experience and job categories in the hospitals (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: There is great need for strong advocacy on knowledge of SPs and compliance with SPs in the hospitals to curb increasing occupational health hazards. The Nigeria government and hospital managements should develop an all-encompassing integrated SPs policies, strategies and procedures consistent with global best practices.
Business Intention and Gendered Role on Implication of the Resource-based View: Quantitative Context on Agribusiness
Authors: Sachitra K. M. V. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: This paper analyses the moderating effects of farm owner’s gender and business intention which could impact on the resource-capability-competitive advantage linkage in agribusiness. The study adopts the resource-based view in combination with dynamic capabilities.
Design: The sample of the consisted of the farm owners who have experience in commercial cultivation of minor export crops in Sri Lanka. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data.
Findings: Based on the data collected from 456 farm owners, results of the multiple regression analysis suggest farm owner’s business intention has moderating effects upon the relationship between resources, capabilities and competitive advantage. However, statistically significant moderation effect of farm owner’s gender on the relationship between resources, capabilities and farm’s competitive advantage was not reported.
Research implications: The result gives positive sign that gender is not a constraint factor to gain competitive advantage at firm level and psyche of the leaders regarding their business intention which can lead to enhance the link between resources, dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage.
Originality: The literature gap in competitive advantage literature by highlighting the potential roles of gender and business intention play in the resource-capability-competitive advantage interaction has been addressed. The results provide practical implications for policy makers, government and local communities with regard to selecting suitable resources and integrating them with proper capabilities for greater competitive advantage of the agribusiness sector.
Coronavirus Outbreak and the Mathematical Growth Map of COVID-19
Authors: Kamrujjaman Md. , Mahmud Md. Shahriar , Islam Md. Shafiqul 
Published: March 2020

In the last two decades the world had faced three respiratory syndrome outbreaks incurred by Coronavirus. Though the wild animals are the primary carriers of the virus, the human population managed to survive sacrificing more than 1,600 lives from 2002 to 2012. But the current virus outbreak has already taken more than 2,462 lives since 22 February 2020. In the first few days, when the cases were being introduced under light, there were no treatment for the infection and the unleashed spread demands to be analyzed to see the pattern of the outbreak. This manuscript aims to look into the growth map of the COVID-19 outbreak under mathematical growth functions and tries to understand which growth pattern assembles the scenario for the cases.
Food Spoilage by Bacilli: Combined Effects of pH, aw and Storage Temperature on Spore Germination and Growth in Cultural Broth Added with Solutes and Organic Acids
Authors: Franceschini Barbara , Previdi Maria Paola , Schianchi Irene 
Published: March 2020

Aims: The control of Bacillus spores plays an important role in quality assurance and safety of processed foods. Their growth can be avoided by either sterilization or pasteurization in combination with a lowering of pH (≤ 4.6) or water activity (aw < 0.90) or with the combined action of both parameters (spore germination inhibition). In some food products, the reduction of pH to values ​​lower than 4.6 or a thermal treatment of sterilization can lead to nutritional and organoleptic changes, that are not always satisfactory for the consumer. The aim of this work was to produce data for a range of spoilage bacilli at a variety of pH and aw values and to monitor the potential outgrowth of these spores when stored at different temperatures. This study focused on the influence of the type of acid or solute used.
Place and Duration of Study: Quality, Safety and Pre-Industrialization Area, Stazione Sperimentale per l’Industria delle Conserve Alimentari-SSICA, Parma, Italy between March 2018 and November 2019.
Methodology: B. sublitilis, B. licheniformis, B. cereus spore’s growth was studied in broth under the following conditions: aw (0.90 to 0.93), temperature (6, 12 and 30°C) and pH (4.9 to 5.5). Selected water activities were reached by the addition of appropriate amount of sodium chloride, sucrose or glycerol; pH was adjusted to various values with lactic acid, acetic acid or citric acid.
Results: A combination of aw 0.92, with glycerol or sodium chloride and pH 5.1 inhibits the germination of all strains spores. B. subtilis was the species able to grow in the less favorable conditions. Acetic acid proved the strongest antimicrobial action; sodium chloride resulted more effective in inhibiting growth when used in combination with acids tested.
Conclusion: The results achieved can be useful for the food industry, identifying the conditions that could preserve the product by means of a less drastic heat treatment preserving as much as possible the natural organoleptic characteristics.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Radiology among Physicians in a Tertiary Hospital in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Salaam A. J. , Iyua K. O. , Danjem S. M. , Salaam A. A. , Egbo B. O. , Modebe E. O. , Taiwo Y. F. , Kolade-Yunusa H. O. , Igoh E. O. , Gabkwet A. E. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To assess physicians’ knowledge, attitude and practice of radiology.
Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing an anonymous questionnaire responded to by physicians, divided into parts as follows: one with questions about the physicians’ knowledge of imaging modalities, availability of the modalities at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), modalities with ionizing radiation, radiologist reports and way forward in improving services at radiology department.
Results: A total of 123 physicians participated in the study. Majority of the physicians (65.0%) were males. Male to female ratio was nearly 2:1. Concerning the impression about radiology, the study showed that 101(82.1%) like radiology as a specialty. There was however poor knowledge about the risks and hazards associated with radiological imaging modalities.
Conclusion: The non-radiologist physicians’ knowledge is heterogeneous and, in some aspects, needs to be improved. Multidisciplinary clinical meetings and teaching activities are important ways to disseminate information on the subject.
A Comparative Assessment of Pig Manure and Poultry Manure in the Biodegradation of Diesel Contaminated Soil
Authors: Njunbemere Njunjima , Ifelebuegu Augustine , Onyedikachukwu Ndekwu Benneth 
Published: March 2020

Aim: This research aims to carry out a comparative assessment on the use of pig manure and poultry manure as a carbon substrate for the degradation of diesel.
Study Design: Fifteen experimental pots were used in this analysis and this was carried out for a duration of 44 days. This experiment was done in stages and each stage was for 2 weeks. Experimental pots were labelled appropriately with the right concentrations of soil, diesel oil and manure to avoid cross-contamination. This experiment involved one pollution level of 0.275% of the weight of soil. Two (2) treatment concentrations of 20% and 40% of the weight of soil for pig manure and poultry manure respectively, three temperature levels of 25ºC, 30ºC, 37ºC.
Place and Duration of Study: Microbiological laboratory and Environmental Science laboratory of Coventry University/two months.
Methodology: Bioremediation of the diesel contaminated soil involved two concentration levels of 40 g and 80 g. These concentrations (40 g and 80 g) were used for both pig manure and poultry manure. These manures were measured in the fume cupboard using an electronic balance to avoid pollution to air. The right manure concentrations of 40 g and 80 g were transferred into the appropriately labelled pots containing 200 g of soil each. The mixture (soil+ diesel+ pig/poultry manure) was properly homogenised and allowed for biodegradation.
Results: Results of TPH analysis showed high percent removal of 84.71%, 90%, 82.35%, 85.29% for soil treated with pig manure at 40 g and 80 g, and soil treated with 40 g, 80 g of poultry manure at 37ºC. This study showed that the microbial consortium, nutrient concentration and temperatures played great roles in enhancing bioremediation process.
Conclusion: Nutrient addition enhanced the degradation of diesel contaminated soil. It is evident from the results that at 37ºC diesel degradation occurred more in all soil samples than at 30oC and 25ºC. Therefore, it can be concluded that 37ºC is most suitable for diesel degradation with the highest efficiency in soil treated with 80 g of pig manure. However, at 25oC, high percent degradation also occurred in all treated samples with spi-40 g having the highest percent degradation.
Package Design Improvement for Wire Shorting Resolution
Authors: Jr. A. Sumagpang , Jr. E. Graycochea , Gomez F. R. 
Published: March 2020

New devices and new technologies in semiconductor industry are getting more complex in terms of package layout, direct materials, and process capability. With the package design complexity, several issues are encountered during the development, and in turn affecting the overall yield of the package. The paper discusses the modification and improvement done on the bond/lead finger where the wire has issues on shorting with the soldermask during wirebonding process. With the design improvement, occurrence of wire shorting to soldermask would be mitigated.
Bridging Leadership Perspectives: Practitioner vs. Educator in the Healthcare Field of Dietetics
Authors: Miner Katie R. , Holyoke Laura B. , Ramsay Samantha A. 
Published: March 2020

Aims: Identify leadership competencies and skills needed by entry-level registered dietitians. An overarching goal was to provide curriculum developers in healthcare professions directions about leadership competencies required for entry into the professional workforce.
Study Design: Modified Delphi Study.
Methodology: We invited 105 participants to populate two expert panel groups (1) practitioners serving in professional leadership positions as presidents for state affiliate associations of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (N=52) and (2) educators of dietetic professionals holding position of director of a Coordinated Dietetic programs (N=53). Perspectives about leadership competencies and skills from registered dietitians were examined through a three round Delphi study analyzing views of two expert panel groups: practitioners and educators.
Results: Initially, panelists identified leadership priorities for dietetics educational programs. In subsequent rounds, panelists rated importance of leadership priority statements. Through qualitative analysis, responses between panel groups were compared. Additionally, chi-square analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between ratings of each panel. Practitioners and educators rated 32 out of 202 leadership statements differently (p<0.5), indicating some contrasting leadership perspectives based on professional role.
Discussion: Findings from qualitative analysis suggest different leadership perspectives may exist between educators and practitioners. Educators are urged to consider differences in leadership perspectives when preparing students for leadership positions.
Evaluation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in relation to smartphone use
Authors: Kempf Carly A. , Ehrhard Kimberly A. , Stoner Steven C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The use of smartphones throughout the United States continues to rise. Although smartphones have increased our capacity to access information, there is concern if excessive use may impact mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a relationship exists between smartphone use and the presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) or behaviors.

Methods
A 33-item online survey was developed with 19 items relating to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A survey response was considered positive for possible OCS if participants answered at least 3 questions as Most of the time or All of the time for the OCD-related questions structured around the DSM-5 criteria for OCD while also using their smartphone for greater than 2 or more hours per day.

Results
A total of 308 of 550 subjects identified spending 2 or more hours on their smartphone per day and also answered positively on 3 or more questions designed to identify OCS. A statistically significant difference was discovered between those who used their smartphone for 2 or more hours per day and those who met 3 or more positive criteria for OCS compared to those who used their smartphone less than 2 hours per day (P &lt; .00001).

Discussion
The results of this study demonstrate a possible relationship between smartphone use and OCS. Additional research needs to be conducted to further investigate these results to determine their significance in clinical practice.