bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portuguese tourism strategy (ET27) – now more than ever
Authors: Araújo Luís 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to analyse the importance of public and private policies to inclusive, sustainable, cohesive and accessible tourism in Portugal and also to assert tourism activity as a central point for economic, social and environmental development across the country.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a viewpoint reflection on the design and implementation of the Tourism Strategy 2027.

Findings
The importance of joint work to affirm tourism as a hub for economic, social development and environmental impact throughout the territory, positioning Portugal as one of most competitive, inclusive and sustainable destinations worldwide.

Practical implications
Now more than ever, strategic tourism goals are key points in support of innovative, accessible and inclusive tourism, to stimulate data-based decision-making, improve the tourist experience and increase the focus on sustainability.

Originality/value
In this paper, the objectives of the Portuguese tourism strategy 2027 are outlined and a series of unprecedented initiatives are profiled, which aim to provide the destination with highly competitive conditions, to differentiate it from other tourist destinations while increasing its notoriety and competitiveness.
Multidrug‐resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates carrying blaOXA‐1 and blaNDM‐1 from wildlife in China: increasing public health risk
Authors: KANG Qian , WANG Xue , ZHAO Jianan , LIU Zhihui , JI Fang , CHANG Han , YANG Jianchun , HU Shijia , JIA Ting , WANG Xiaojia , TANG Jiagui , DONG Guoying , HU Guocheng , WANG Jing , ZHANG Yanyu , QIN Jianhua , WANG Chengmin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates is a growing public health concern and has serious implications for wildlife. What is the role of wildlife has been become one of the hot issues in disseminating antimicrobial resistance. Here, 54 P. mirabilis isolates from 12 different species were identified. Among them, 25 isolates were determined to be MDR by profile of antimicrobial susceptibility; 10 MDR P. mirabilis isolates were subjected to comparative genomic analysis by whole genome sequencing. Comprehensive analysis showed that chromosome of P. mirabilis isolates mainly carries multidrug‐resistance complex elements harboring resistance to carbapenem genes blaOXA‐1, blaNDM‐1, and blaTEM‐1. Class I integron is the insertion hotspot of IS26; it can be inserted into type I integron at different sites, thus forming a variety of multiple drug resistance decision sites. At the same time, Tn21, Tn7, and SXT/R391 mobile elements cause widespread spread of these drug resistance genes. In conclusion, P. mirabilis isolates from wildlife showed higher resistance to commonly used clinic drugs comparing to those from human. Therefore, wild animals carrying MDR clinical isolates should be paid attention to by the public health.
Bank interest rate risk management and valuation of earnings
Authors: Burke Qing L. , Warfield Terry D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper examines banks’ interest rate risk management and its effects on the persistence and valuation of earnings. We first develop a novel measure of interest rate risk management by incorporating asymmetric changes in interest rates on assets and liabilities in response to market rate changes. Utilising this measure, we document that U.S. bank holding companies with more effective interest rate risk management have more persistent net interest income and a higher valuation of net interest income. This study helps investors and regulators assess banks’ interest rate risk management from the earnings perspective and the sustainability of net interest income.
COVID‐19, public attention and the stock market
Authors: Xu Liao , Chen Jilong , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on the Chinese stock market. We show that the COVID‐19 outbreak not only hurts the stock returns but also affects the stock price sensitivity to firm‐specific information. We document heterogeneous effects of the epidemic infection scale and the public attention about the pandemic. The stock market response to firm‐specific information is decelerated (accelerated) by the public attention (infection scale). Moreover, the decreasing (increasing) effect of the public attention (infection scale) on such response is more intensive to positively toned (negatively toned) firm‐specific news articles. Finally, we observe price reversal (momentum) following the public attention (infection scale).
Qualitative evaluation of an innovative midwifery continuity scheme: Lessons from using a quality care framework
Authors: Symon Andrew , Shinwell Shona 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionInnovative midwifery schemes must be robustly evaluated to establish whether they should be modified or can be replicated. Assessing quality of care can help to ascertain a scheme's acceptability and effectiveness. We used an established quality care framework as a benchmark in our qualitative evaluation of a combined continuity of caregiver and planned home birth scheme in Scotland.MethodsQualitative evaluation of stakeholder perceptions using the Quality Maternal and Newborn Care Framework was the basis for six focus groups and two one‐to‐one interviews with stakeholders (new mothers, partners, midwives). A thematic analytical approach was used.ResultsThe qualitative evaluation found universal approval among participants. Flexible working patterns helped to nurture positive relationships, and information and support were highly valued. The principal themes—Organization of Care/Work Culture; Information and Support; Relationships—were strongly inter‐related. They shared several subthemes, notably continuity of caregiver, flexible family‐centered care, and the benefits of being at home. Flexibility and mutual respect helped women to express autonomy and develop agency. Women related their birth experiences to friends, family, and colleagues, thereby helping to normalize home birth.ConclusionsThis qualitative evaluation of an innovative scheme used an established quality framework as a benchmark against which to assess stakeholder experiences. This approach helped to identify the critical codependence of factors involved in care delivery, which in turn helps to identify lessons for others considering similar schemes. Although our evaluation relates to one specific scheme, identifying the scheme's critical quality care aspects may assist others when planning similar schemes.
Factors influencing long‐term treatment response to botulinum toxin injection for spasmodic dysphonia
Authors: Kang Min Seok , Lee Seung Jin , Choi Hong‐Shik , Lim Jae‐Yol 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of long‐term botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD) and to determine the factors predictive of treatment response by investigating dose stability and average intervals.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAcademic tertiary medical centre.ExposuresA total of 470 patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia, who received electromyography‐guided BoNTA injections over 12 years, were retrospectively enrolled in this study.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe patients’ demographic data, baseline voice dynamics and treatment profiles (dose, frequency and intervals) were evaluated. Factors correlating with the dose adjustment ratio (number of increasing dosing/total number of BoNTA toxin injections) and changes in intervals between injections were statistically analysed.ResultsA total of 122 patients, who received ≥ 4 injections and whose average treatment interval was < 240 days, were finally evaluated. Of them, 115 (94.3%) were female and seven (5.7%) were male, and the mean age at initial treatment was 34.89 ± 13.07 and 41.14 ± 12.71 years, respectively. On average, patients received 18.00 ± 13.33 injections (1.67 ± 0.60 U/injection) to alternating unilateral vocal folds. The treatment period was 65.07 ± 43.28 months and the mean interval between injections was 4.16 ± 1.28 months. The mean dose adjustment ratio among patients who received ≥ 4 injections was 0.15 ± 0.13, and dose changes occurred 4.36 times/patient. The patients’ age and gender significantly affected the treatment response, where younger or female patients showed greater dosing variability and shorter intervals between injections. However, the baseline voice dynamics (voice handicap index, fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise‐to‐harmonic ratio, maximum phonation time and degree of voice breaks) did not predict the dose adjustment ratio or interval changes. In addition, patients with fluctuating doses showed lower age and higher VHI subscale scores, and patients with short‐treatment interval (< 100 days) showed higher SDF0.ConclusionsAlmost all patients received stable low doses of BoNTA over time, irrespective of the baseline results. Patients’ age, gender and VHI scores were correlated with poor treatment responses, such as frequent dose changes and shorter intervals between injections.
Glycosyltransferases: the multifaceted enzymatic regulator in insects
Authors: Nagare M. , Ayachit M. , Agnihotri A. , Schwab W. , Joshi R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyse the reaction of glyco‐conjugation of various biomolecules by transferring the saccharide moieties from an activated nucleotide sugar to nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor. In insects, GTs show diverse temporal and site‐specific expression patterns and thus play significant roles in forming the complex biomolecular structures that are necessary for insect survival, growth and development. Several insects exhibit GT‐mediated detoxification as a key defence strategy against plant allelochemicals and xenobiotic compounds, as well as a mechanism for pesticide cross‐resistance. Also, these enzymes act as crucial effectors and modulators in various developmental processes of insects such as eye development, UV shielding, cuticle formation, epithelial development and other specialized functions. Furthermore, many of the known insect GTs have been shown to play a fundamental role in other physiological processes like body pigmentation, cuticular tanning, chemosensation and stress response. This review provides a detailed overview of the multifaceted functionality of insect GTs and summarizes numerous case studies associated with it.
ADHD and risk for subsequent adverse childhood experiences: understanding the cycle of adversity
Authors: Lugo‐Candelas Claudia , Corbeil Thomas , Wall Melanie , Posner Jonathan , Bird Hector , Canino Glorisa , Fisher Prudence W. , Suglia Shakira F. , Duarte Cristiane S. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundChildren with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely to develop Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The reverse relationship – ADHD predicting subsequent ACEs – is vastly understudied, although it may be of great relevance to underserved populations highly exposed to ACEs.MethodsParticipants were 5‐ to 15‐year‐olds (48% females) with (9.9%) and without ADHD (DSM‐IV criteria except age of onset) in a longitudinal population‐based study of Puerto Rican youth. In each wave (3 yearly assessments, W1‐3), ten ACEs (covering parental loss and maladjustment and child maltreatment) were examined, plus exposure to violence. Logistic regression models examined ADHD (including subtypes) and subsequent risk for ACEs. Also considered were interactions by age, sex, number of W1 ACEs, and recruitment site.ResultsChildren with W1 ADHD were more likely to experience subsequent adversity (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.12–2.37) accounting for child age, sex, public assistance, maternal education, site, disruptive behavior disorders, and W1 ACEs. Inattentive (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.09–3.66), but not hyperactive/impulsive or combined ADHD, predicted future ACEs.ConclusionsADHD predicts subsequent risk for ACEs, and the inattentive presentation may confer the most risk. Inattentive presentations could pose a bigger risk given differences in symptom persistence, latency to access to treatment, and treatment duration. The present study suggests a pathway for the perpetuation of adversity, where bidirectional relationships between ADHD and ACEs may ensnare children in developmental pathways predictive of poor outcomes. Understanding the mechanism underlying this association can help the development of interventions that interrupt the cycle of adversity exposure and improve the lives of children with ADHD.
Synergistic effects of temperature and plant quality, on development time, size and lipid in Eccritotarsus eichhorniae
Authors: Ismail Mohannad , Brooks Margot , van Baaren Joan , Albittar Loulou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBody size is an important biotic factor in evolutionary ecology, since it affects all aspects of insect physiology, life history and, consequently, fitness in ectothermic insects and how species adapt with their environment. It has been linked to temperature, with lower temperatures resulting in larger size. In this study, we tested the combined impact of temperature and plant quality on the body size, and development time from egg to adult of Eccritotarsus eichhorniae (Hemiptera: Miridae), an herbivorous insect used as a biological control agent against the invasive aquatic weed, water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae). We quantified insect size in individuals exposed to three temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) combined with three qualities of host plant (high, medium and low) by calculating development time and measuring four traits: tibia length, forewing length, dry body mass and lipid content, and we also determined the wing loading index. The development time, dry body mass and lipid content decreased linearly with increasing temperature and decreasing plant quality. The decrease in size was the greatest when high temperature interacted with low plant quality. Smaller individuals had proportionately less lipid content. Wing loading decreased significantly with lower quality of host plant, resulting in individuals likely to have theoretically higher flight ability. The results support the temperature‐size rule (TSR) and that plant quality could influence the relationship between development time and the TSR. Results also provide novel evidence for a possible food quality‐size rule for both sexes.
Activation of silent information regulator 1 exerts a neuroprotective effect after intracerebral hemorrhage by deacetylating NF‐κB/p65
Authors: Deng Hong‐Ji , Zhou Chen‐Hui , Huang Li‐Tian , Wen Liang‐Bao , Zhou Meng‐Liang , Wang Chun‐Xi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNuclear factor (NF)‐κB‐mediated neuroinflammation is an important mechanism of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)‐induced neurotoxicity. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays a multi‐protective effect in a variety of diseases by deacetylating and inhibiting NF‐κB/p65. However, the role of SIRT1 in brain damage following ICH remains unclear. We hypothesized that SIRT1 can protect against ICH‐induced brain damage by inhibiting neuroinflammation through deacetylating NF‐κB/p65. The ICH model was induced in vivo (with collagenase) and in vitro (with hemoglobin). Resveratrol and Ex527 were administered to activate or inhibit SIRT1, respectively. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect the expression of SIRT1 and p65. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to explore tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β release. The neurological score, brain water content, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and brain hemoglobin content were determined to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of SIRT1. SIRT1 expression was decreased, whereas the level of acetylated p65 (Ac‐p65) was elevated after ICH in vivo. Moreover, hemoglobin treatment decreased the expression of SIRT1 in vitro. Activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol had a neuroprotective effect, along with decreased levels of Ac‐p65, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and apoptosis after ICH. The effect of resveratrol was abolished by the SIRT1 inhibitor Ex527. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that SIRT1 exerts a neuroprotective effect after ICH by deacetylating p65 to inhibit the NF‐κB‐dependent inflammatory response.
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No familiarization or ‘first‐night effect’ evident when monitoring sleep using wrist actigraphy
Authors: Driller Matthew W. , Dunican Ian C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnecdotal reports suggest that the first night of sleep monitoring using a wrist‐actigraphy monitor may result in impaired sleep when compared to subsequent nights, due to increased levels of anxiety and awareness of being monitored. This phenomenon has been seen in sleep laboratories with polysomnographic monitoring. However, this is yet to be established for wrist actigraphy monitoring in the research literature. A total of 240 healthy adult participants (177 male, 63 female; age range, 18–35 years) had their sleep monitored using wrist actigraphy over a period of five nights of ‘normal’ sleep (1,200 nights of data). Sleep variables including sleep latency, wake episodes, wake after sleep onset, awakenings per hour, time in bed, total sleep time and sleep efficiency % were evaluated across all nights of sleep. Comparisons were made using repeated measures ANOVAs, mean differences, range of mean differences, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Cohen's d effect sizes. There were no significant differences between the first night and subsequent nights for any of the measured sleep variables (p < .05) and all differences were associated with trivial effect sizes (d < 0.2). ICCs ranged from 0.35 to 0.62 (low to moderate). Despite claims of impaired sleep during the first night of sleep monitoring, our results indicate that a familiarization period may not be necessary when monitoring sleep in healthy participants using wrist actigraphy. However, the response is highly individual and further research is required to assess personality traits and responses to sleep monitoring.
“We Don't Have the Right Words!”: Idiomatic Violence, Embodied Inequalities, and Uneven Translations in Indian Law Enforcement
Authors: Fuchs Sandhya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article interrogates the relationship among legal gatekeepers, embodied expressions of structural violence, and institutional patterns of translation in the mobilization of antidiscrimination legislation by examining a case registered under the 1989 Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes Prevention of Atrocities Act in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The article proposes that law enforcement officials often utilize legal registers and legal aesthetics as defensive shields against the demands of historically marginalized groups, which interfere with their institutionalized moralities and wider loyalties to higher caste groups. Thereby they reinscribe the very structural inequalities antidiscrimination laws are intended to address. This process is often the result of a dual breakdown of translation. On the one hand, police officers often refuse to engage with the local linguistic idioms of marginalized communities in a way that makes their experiences legible to the law. On the other hand, survivors of discriminatory violence are themselves hesitant to make their suffering explicit due to trauma and fear of being publicly humiliated. Ultimately, this process can instill further feelings of inadequacy in victims of discrimination at the very moment they try to claim their rights. This case ultimately questions the ability of antidiscrimination legislation to effectively counteract the effects of structural inequality. [India, anti‐discrimination law, translation, caste, embodiment]
On the financial literacy, indebtedness, and wealth of Colombian households
Authors: Cao‐Alvira José J. , Novoa‐Hoyos Amalia , Núñez‐Torres Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper we attempt to find existing linkages of financial literacy with indebtedness and wealth accumulation of households in Bogotá, the capital of Colombia. We analyze an econometric model where we regress a household’s debt usage, cost of debt servicing, and wealth indicators against its financial literacy. Financial literacy is assessed according to the financial numeracy and money management skills of the head of households. Numeracy skills are found to have a positive correlation with the decision to use debt and have a mortgage and with the total number of lending sources, debt‐to‐income, and net worth. Money management skills decrease the household’s likelihood of using all of the debt types considered in the analysis and increase with net worth. We also uncover important debt and wealth accumulation conducts closely tied to the city’s economic stratification and the gender of the head of household. A number of public policy implications are derived from the results of the analysis.
Orbital Epstein‐Barr virus‐related post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a 13‐year‐old girl with cord blood transplantation
Authors: Shigemura Tomonari , Maruyama Yuta , Shigeto Shohei , Nakazawa Yozo , Kanno Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus‐associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV‐PTLD) is increasingly recognized as a life‐threatening complication after transplantation. Most areas affected by EBV‐PTLD are lymph nodes, with occasional reports of extranodal lesions such as the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system; however, orbital regions are extremely rare. We report a case of EBV‐PTLD in a cord blood transplant recipient with a tumor in the upper right eyelid. Ultimately, eye symptoms were the first signs of PTLD. Transplant physicians should consider the possibility of PTLD when encountering an orbital lesion.
Aeromechanical Analysis of a Complete Wind Turbine Using Nonlinear Frequency Domain Solution Method
Authors: Naung Shine Win , Rahmati Mohammad , Farokhi Hamed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a complete wind turbine model usually require significant computational resources. It will require much more resources if the fluid–structure interactions (FSIs) between the blade and the flow are considered, and it has been the major challenge in the industry. The aeromechanical analysis of a complete wind turbine model using a high-fidelity CFD method is discussed in this paper. The distinctiveness of this paper is the application of the nonlinear frequency domain solution method to analyze the forced response and flutter instability of the blade as well as to investigate the unsteady flow field across the wind turbine rotor and the tower. This method also enables the aeromechanical simulations of wind turbines for various interblade phase angles in a combination with a phase shift solution method. Extensive validations of the nonlinear frequency domain solution method against the conventional time domain solution method reveal that the proposed frequency domain solution method can reduce the computational cost by one to two orders of magnitude.