bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations in the surface energy and CO2 flux over a high‐rise, high‐population, residential urban area in the East Asian monsoon region
Authors: Hong Je‐Woo , Lee Sang‐Dae , Lee Keunmin , Hong Jinkyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing the eddy covariance method, this study reports the one‐year turbulent fluxes of momentum, energy, and CO2, and their seasonal variations over a recently redeveloped high‐rise, high‐population, residential area in the metropolitan city of Seoul, Korea. The study area is affected by the Asian monsoon, which is accompanied by long rain spells and a related mid‐season depression of solar radiation in the summer. Our analysis shows that the urban surface energy balance and turbulence characteristics demonstrate typical urban properties. Unstable conditions dominate all day, and the storage heat flux (night‐time and morning) and sensible heat flux (afternoon) significantly affect the diurnal variations in the urban surface energy balance. Owing to the rough urban surface, the turbulence intensities are higher than those reported previously in other cities. The annual CO2 emission rate is approximately 13.1 kg CO2 m−2⋅year−1 with traffic, which is the major source of CO2 (+2.3 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1 per 100 vehicles). Ecosystem respiration, including that by vegetation, soil, and humans, becomes dominant in the night‐time (00:00–05:00), thus contributing significantly to the annual CO2 budget. Further analysis indicates a unique coupling of urban surface energy partitioning and CO2 emission rates with the seasonal progression of the Asian monsoon: (a) surface albedo has annual minima in late summer when the sun elevation angle, is relatively higher and the urban surface condition is wetter than in other seasons; (b) the Bowen ratio ranges from 1.7 (summer) to 7.0 (winter); and (c) CO2 emission rates show seasonal variations with the progress of the summer monsoon.
Bisphosphonate‐induced reactive oxygen species inhibit proliferation and migration of oral fibroblasts: A pathogenesis of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Taniguchi Naomi , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Onuma Kunishige , Ishikawa Mizuho , Ryoke Kazuo , Kodani Isamu , Okada Futoshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe onset mechanism for bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) has been reported, with a focus on bone remodeling, biofilm formation, and epithelial cell proliferation and migration. However, the involvement of stromal cells, especially fibroblasts, in the oral cavity is unclear. Therefore, this study was focused on how bisphosphonates (BPs) affect orthotopic periodontal ligament fibroblasts from the viewpoint of oxidative stress compared with ectopically obtained fibroblasts.MethodsNormal human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were used to gain insight into the functional differences in sensitivity and reactions to BPs. Cell growth assay, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, and wound‐healing assay in vitro were performed. Maxillary first molars were extracted in C57BL/6 mice and either BP, N‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC), and BP or saline were administered.ResultsBP‐induced IC50 values were significantly lower in HPdLFs (30.6 µM) than in NHDFs (109.7 µM). BP resulted in an increase in ROS, but not NO generation in HPdLFs. BPs also inhibited proliferation and migration of HPdLFs but not NHDFs, while the addition of a ROS inhibitor, NAC, reversed those inhibitions. A BRONJ mouse model in which BP was administered and then the tooth was extracted, impaired wound healing of the socket was observed. When NAC was administered before tooth extraction, wound healing was significantly improved.ConclusionThese results suggest that BP causes fibroblasts obtained from the oral cavity but not from skin to generate ROS and that the subsequent ROS‐mediated inhibition of fibroblast growth and migration definitely delays wound healing, thereby contributing to BRONJ pathogenesis.
Selective excitation of one among the three peaks of tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy by a shaped ultrafast laser pulse
Authors: Xia Yingjie , Zhao Hua , Zhang Shian , Feng Donghai , Sun Zhenrong , Li Jinping , Jia Tianqing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere are generally several neighboring Raman peaks that are excited simultaneously in tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). A method to selectively excite a specific Raman peak and simultaneously depress the others is required for suppressing noise and improving detection sensitivity and accuracy. In this study, we demonstrate a scheme for selective excitation of one Raman peak among three excited states in TERS by properly shaping the pump and Stokes femtosecond laser pulses. The shaped pump and Stokes pulses are transformed into time domain, discretized and reconstructed; they are then used to irradiate the TERS structure obliquely. The impulse responses at five probe points of the TERS structure are calculated followed by a Fourier transform. In these cases, the probability of one selectively excited Raman transition increases by several hundreds to tens of thousands in amplitude, whereas the others are both depressed to zero. The probe points at different positions in the tip apex do not affect the enhanced and selective excitation of one Raman transition among the three excited states.
The Stanford Lightning Report Method: A comparison of rapid qualitative synthesis results across four implementation evaluations
Authors: Brown‐Johnson Cati , Safaeinili Nadia , Zionts Dani , Holdsworth Laura M. , Shaw Jonathan G. , Asch Steven M. , Mahoney Megan , Winget Marcy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evaluation methods are mismatched with the speed of health care innovation and needs of health care delivery partners. We introduce a qualitative approach called the lightning report method and its specific product—the “Lightning Report.” We compare implementation evaluation results across four projects to explore report sensitivity and the potential depth and breadth of lightning report method findings.MethodsThe lightning report method was refined over 2.5 years across four projects: team‐based primary care, cancer center transformation, precision health in primary care, and a national life‐sustaining decisions initiative. The novelty of the lightning report method is the application of Plus/Delta/Insight debriefing to dynamic implementation evaluation. This analytic structure captures Plus (“what works”), Delta (“what needs to be changed”), and Insights (participant or evaluator insights, ideas, and recommendations). We used structured coding based on implementation science barriers and facilitators outlined in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) applied to 17 Lightning Reports from four projects.ResultsHealth care partners reported that Lighting Reports were valuable, easy to understand, and they implied reports supported “corrective action” for implementations. Comparative analysis revealed cross‐project emphasis on the domains of Inner Setting and Intervention Characteristics, with themes of communication, resources/staffing, feedback/reflection, alignment with simultaneous interventions and traditional care, and team cohesion. In three of the four assessed projects, the largest proportion of coding was to the clinic‐level domain of Inner Setting—ranging from 39% for the cancer center project to a high of 56% for the life‐sustaining decisions project.ConclusionsThe lightning report method can fill a gap in rapid qualitative approaches and is generalizable with consistent but flexible core methods. Comparative analysis suggests it is a sensitive tool, capable of uncovering differences and insights in implementation across projects. The Lightning Report facilitates partnered evaluation and communication with stakeholders by providing real‐time, actionable insights in dynamic health care implementations.
Circular RNA circ‐CMPK1 contributes to cell proliferation of non‐small cell lung cancer by elevating cyclin D1 via sponging miR‐302e
Authors: Cui Dong , Qian Runlin , Li Yin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is well recognized that competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network is linked to the development and progression of cancer, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we aimed to explore the functional role of circ‐CMPK1/miR‐302e/cyclin D1 ceRNA signaling in NSCLC.MethodsGEO database (GSE102287) was utilized to screen differentially expressed miRNAs in NSCLC. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting assays were used to determine gene expression. Cell proliferation analysis was performed with Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and cell cycle assays. Luciferase reporter and RNA pull‐down assays were conducted to identify the interaction among circ‐CMPK1, miR‐302e, and cyclin D1. Xenograft tumor model was established to evaluate the role of circ‐CMPK1/miR‐302e/cyclin D1 axis in vivo.ResultsmiR‐302e expression was significantly down‐regulated in NSCLC cell lines and tissues and its decrease was closely associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and unfavorable outcome. Overexpression and knockdown of miR‐302e obviously retarded and enhanced the growth of NSCLC, respectively. Furthermore, we found that miR‐302 was sponged by circular RNA CMPK1 (circ‐CMPK1, hsa_circ_0012384), which was remarkably up‐regulated in NSCLC and predicted poor prognosis. Circ‐CMPK1 was capable to promote NSCLC cells proliferation by increasing the expression of cyclin D1 via inhibiting miR‐302 activity. Moreover the miR‐302e‐mediated tumor inhibition could be effectively counteracted by ectopic expression of circ‐CMPK1 or cyclin D1 both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionOur data demonstrate for the first time that circ‐CMPK1/miR‐302e/cyclin D1 signaling plays an essential regulatory role in NSCLC and targeting this axis may be an efficacious avenue for treatment of NSCLC patients.
The Relationship between Fish Intake and Urinary Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide
Authors: Yin Xiaofei , Gibbons Helena , Rundle Milena , Frost Gary , McNulty Breige A. , Nugent Anne P. , Walton Janette , Flynn Albert , Brennan Lorraine 
Published: December 2019

ScopeFish intake is reported to be associated with certain health benefits; however, accurate assessment of fish intake is still problematic. The objective of this study is to identify fish intake biomarkers and examine relationships with health parameters in a free‐living population.Methods and resultsIn the NutriTech study, ten participants randomized into the fish group consume increasing quantities of fish for 3 days per week for 3 weeks. Urine is analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), dimethylamine, and dimethyl sulfone are identified and display significant dose–response with intake (p < 0.05). Fish consumption yields a greater increase in urinary TMAO compared to red meat. Biomarker‐derived fish intake is calculated in the National Adult Nutrition Survey cross‐sectional study. However, the correlation between fish intake and TMAO (r = 0.148, p < 0.01) and that between fish intake and calculated fish intake (r = 0.142, p < 0.01) are poor. In addition, TMAO shows significantly positive correlation with serum insulin and insulin resistance in males and the relationship is more pronounced for males with high dietary fat intake.ConclusionUrinary TMAO displays a strong dose–response relationship with fish intake; however, use of TMAO alone is insufficient to determine fish intake in a free‐living population.
A mobile isocentric C‐arm for intraoperative cone‐beam CT: Technical assessment of dose and 3D imaging performance
Authors: Sheth N. M. , De Silva T. , Uneri A. , Ketcha M. , Han R. , Vijayan R. , Osgood G. M. , Siewerdsen J. H. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo characterize the radiation dose and three‐dimensional (3D) imaging performance of a recently developed mobile, isocentric C‐arm equipped with a flat‐panel detector (FPD) for intraoperative cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) (Cios Spin 3D, Siemens Healthineers) and to identify potential improvements in 3D imaging protocols for pertinent imaging tasks.MethodsThe C‐arm features a 30 × 30 cm2 FPD and isocentric gantry with computer‐controlled motorization of rotation (0–195°), angulation (±220°), and height (0–45 cm). Geometric calibration was assessed in terms of 9 degrees of freedom of the x‐ray source and detector in CBCT scans, and the reproducibility of geometric calibration was evaluated. Standard and custom scan protocols were evaluated, with variation in the number of projections (100–400) and mAs per view (0.05–1.65 mAs). Image reconstruction was based on 3D filtered backprojection using “smooth,” “normal,” and “sharp” reconstruction filters as well as a custom, two‐dimensional 2D isotropic filter. Imaging performance was evaluated in terms of uniformity, gray value correspondence with Hounsfield units (HU), contrast, noise (noise‐power spectrum, NPS), spatial resolution (modulation transfer function, MTF), and noise‐equivalent quanta (NEQ). Performance tradeoffs among protocols were visualized in anthropomorphic phantoms for various anatomical sites and imaging tasks.ResultsGeometric calibration showed a high degree of reproducibility despite ~19 mm gantry flex over a nominal semicircular orbit. The dose for a CBCT scan varied from ~0.8–4.7 mGy for head protocols to ~6–38 mGy for body protocols. The MTF was consistent with sub‐mm spatial resolution, with f10 (frequency at which MTF = 10%) equal to 0.64 mm−1, 1.0 mm−1, and 1.5 mm−1 for smooth, standard, and sharp filters respectively. Implementation of a custom 2D isotropic filter improved CNR ~ 50–60% for both head and body protocols and provided more isotropic resolution and noise characteristics. The NPS and NEQ quantified the 3D noise performance and provided a guide to protocol selection, confirmed in images of anthropomorphic phantoms. Alternative scan protocols were identified according to body site and task — for example, lower‐dose body protocols (<3 mGy) sufficient for visualization of bone structures.ConclusionThe studies provided objective assessment of the dose and 3D imaging performance of a new C‐arm, offering an important basis for clinical deployment and a benchmark for quality assurance. Modifications to standard 3D imaging protocols were identified that may improve performance or reduce radiation dose for pertinent imaging tasks.
Performance of compressed sensing for fluorine‐19 magnetic resonance imaging at low signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions
Authors: Starke Ludger , Pohlmann Andreas , Prinz Christian , Niendorf Thoralf , Waiczies Sonia 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo examine the performance of compressed sensing (CS) in reconstructing low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) 19F MR signals that are close to the detection threshold and originate from small signal sources with no a priori known location.MethodsRegularization strength was adjusted automatically based on noise level. As performance metrics, root‐mean‐square deviations, true positive rates (TPRs), and false discovery rates were computed. CS and conventional reconstructions were compared at equal measurement time and evaluated in relation to high‐SNR reference data. 19F MR data were generated from a purpose‐built phantom and benchmarked against simulations, as well as from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model. We quantified the signal intensity bias and introduced an intensity calibration for in vivo data using high‐SNR ex vivo data.ResultsLow‐SNR 19F MR data could be reliably reconstructed. Detection sensitivity was consistently improved and data fidelity was preserved for undersampling and averaging factors of α = 2 or = 3. Higher α led to signal blurring in the mouse model. The improved TPRs at α = 3 were comparable to a 2.5‐fold increase in measurement time. Whereas CS resulted in a downward bias of the 19F MR signal, Fourier reconstructions resulted in an unexpected upward bias of similar magnitude. The calibration corrected signal‐intensity deviations for all reconstructions.ConclusionCS is advantageous whenever image features are close to the detection threshold. It is a powerful tool, even for low‐SNR data with sparsely distributed 19F signals, to improve spatial and temporal resolution in 19F MR applications.
The value of nasal nitric oxide measurement in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Xinglan , Li Huimin , Wang Wei , Zhao Shunying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImportanceNasal nitric oxide (nNO) testing is a method used in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). It has not been evaluated in Chinese population.ObjectiveTo establish a reference nNO value to assist in the diagnosis of PCD in Chinese children.MethodsnNO values were measured in children with PCD (n = 36), cystic fibrosis (CF) (n = 20), asthma (n = 45), post‐infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) (n = 41) and non‐PCD/non‐CF bronchiectasis (n = 32). The receiver operating characteristic nNO value for the diagnosis of PCD was plotted and the area under the curve was calculated.ResultsnNO values were significantly lower in children with PCD (median 25.66 nL/min) than in children with asthma (186.26 ± 58.95 nL/ min), BO (143.47 ± 49.71 nL/min) and non‐PCD/non‐CF bronchiectasis (173.13 ± 63.80 nL/min), but not in children with CF (90.90 ± 43.20 nL/min). Notably however, no CF patient had an nNO value < 45 nL/min. A cut‐off of 76 nL/min yielded the best sensitivity of 86.1%, and specificity of 91.4%, with an area under the curve of 0.920 (95% confidence interval 0.859–0.981) for the diagnosis of PCD. If CF was ruled out the specificity increased to nearly 100%.InterpretationnNO testing is able to discriminate between patients with PCD and those with CF, asthma, post‐infectious BO and non‐PCD/non‐CF bronchiectasis. A cut‐off of 76 nL/min could be further examined in patients suspected of PCD, to establish an nNO reference value for PCD screening in Chinese children.
Clinical characteristics and prognoses of pulmonary mucormycosis in four children
Authors: Guo Siyuan , Liu Hui , Tang Xiaolei , Yang Haiming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImportancePulmonary mucormycosis is life threatening and carries a poor prognosis. Identification of factors that improve prognosis is urgently necessary.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical features and outcomes of pulmonary mucormycosis in children.MethodsA retrospective analysis of clinical data of four cases with pulmonary mucormycosis was conducted in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018.ResultsUnderlying diseases were identified in all four cases (diabetes in three individuals and a hematological malignancy in one individual). The predominant clinical manifestations were fever, cough, chest pain and hemoptysis. Imaging features included consolidation or nodules with cavities. All four cases were treated with liposomal amphotericin B, one case underwent lobectomy, and three cases received a full course of posaconazole. All four cases were cured.InterpretationPatients with pulmonary mucormycosis often have underlying diseases. Imaging features are relatively characteristic. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B at an early stage and a sufficient course of posaconazole for maintenance significantly improves prognosis.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Geng Xuezhi , Wu Yunxiao , Ge Wentong , Feng Guoshuang , Zheng Li , Xu Zhifei , Ni Xin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImportanceThe incidence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children has increased year by year recently. Blood pressure research of OSAS children can help understand the occurrence of OSAS related complications. Early detection and intervention of blood pressure changes in children with OSAS can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in later adulthood.ObjectiveTo investigate the differences in blood pressure among different groups of snoring children and different sleep stages.MethodsHabitually snoring children (snoring frequency of ≥ 3 nights per week) aged 3 to 11 years were recruited from Beijing Children's Hospital from 1 January 2017 to 30 June 2018. All children underwent polysomnography, and their blood pressure was monitored and calculated by the pulse transit time. The children were divided into those with primary snoring (PS), mild OSAS, and moderate to severe OSAS according to their obstructive apnea–hypopnea index (OAHI).ResultsIn total, 140 children were included. Ninety‐seven had PS, 24 had mild OSAS, and 19 had moderate to severe OSAS. There were no differences in age, sex, or body mass index z‐score among the groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the OAHI, oxygen desaturation index 3%, respiratory arousal index, and lowest oxygen saturation among the three groups. Children with moderate to severe OSAS had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than those with mild OSAS and PS (P < 0.001). In all children, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was higher in the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage than in the non‐REM sleep stage (P < 0.05).InterpretationChildren with moderate to severe OSAS had higher blood pressure than those with PS and mild OSAS in all sleep stages. Blood pressure in the REM sleep stage was higher than that in other sleep stages in all groups of children.
Airway function throughout the lifespan: Pediatric origins of adult respiratory disease
Authors: Allen Julian Lewis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of disability and death of adults in the USA and worldwide. While environmental factors such as smoking and air pollution are major contributors to COPD, pediatric respiratory disease and more specifically early childhood wheezing are frequent predisposing factors. It is therefore possible that aggressive prevention and treatment of childhood respiratory illness may modify adult COPD risk. This article reviews some of the physiological factors that may explain the pediatric origins of childhood lung disease. One such factor is the “tracking” of normal lung function which occurs with growth. The maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curve is an ideally suited tool to monitor tracking of airway function over the lifespan, as its relative effort independence makes it highly reliable. Study of the MEFV curve has demonstrated that individuals with similar lung volumes can have large differences in maximal flows, reflecting a disconnection between airway and lung growth (“dysanapsis”). Less than average airway size due to dysanaptic airway growth or airway remodeling may be independent risk factors for the development of COPD and the asthma/COPD overlap syndrome in adult life. There are intriguing early data suggesting that perhaps at least some of this risk is modifiable by improving asthma control with inhaled corticosteroids and minimizing asthma exacerbations.
Pulmonary hypertension and chronic hypoventilation in ROHHAD syndrome treated with average‐volume assured pressure support
Authors: Stowe Robert C. , Afolabi‐Brown Olufunke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionRapid‐onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) syndrome is an exceptionally rare clinical entity with significant morbidity and high mortality with challenging‐to‐treat hypoventilation.Case presentationAn 11‐year‐old morbidly obese Chinese female presented with a putative diagnosis of ROHHAD associated with a left psoas ganglioneuroma. Initial polysomnography showed severe obstructive sleep apnea and hypoventilation. She was not adherent to prescribed non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). Echocardiography demonstrated evidence of pulmonary hypertension, likely secondary to chronic hypoventilation. With behavioral modification and trial of average volume‐assured pressure support (AVAPS), adherence improved with eventual improvement of her pulmonary hypertension.ConclusionAVAPS may improve ventilation and NIPPV adherence in central hypoventilation disorders such as ROHHAD, reducing risk of morbidity and mortality.