bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of Topicalization and Left-Dislocation in English
Authors: Birner Betty J. , Ward Gregory 
Published: January 2020

La topicalisation (TOP) en anglais exige que l'information topicalisée soit liée à une information précédemment évoquée dans le discours par une relation de type ‘ensemble partiellement ordonné’ (‘partially-ordered set’, poset). Par contre, selon Prince 1977, la dislocation à gauche (‘Left Dislocation’, LD) a trois fonctions discursives : simplifier le traitement d'informations nouvelles dans le discours, déclencher une inférence de type poset ou amnistier une violation de contrainte d'îlot. Dans cet article nous examinons des occurrences attestées dans lesquelles les deux constructions apparaissent simultanément (p. ex., ‘Scorpions, those you have to look out for’) et nous les comparons aux variantes correspondantes avec TOP sans LD (‘Scorpions you have to look out for’) et avec LD sans TOP (‘Scorpions, you have to look out for those’). Toutes les occurrences de LD+TOP de notre corpus sont du second type identifié par Prince, déclenchant une inférence de type poset. La question est donc de savoir ce qui motive l'utilisation simultanée des deux constructions par le locuteur, dans la mesure où les contraintes discursives de l'une subsument celles de l'autre. Nous proposons de distinguer deux types de LD+TOP, correspondant à deux motivations distinctes. La première est de faciliter le traitement, la seconde d'effectuer un contraste. Dans le type I, le constituant antéposé est syntaxiquement complexe et LD+TOP permet de simplifier une structure qui aurait été plus difficile à traiter avec seule la LD ou la TOP. Dans le type II, un autre membre du poset a été explicitement évoqué et une proposition ouverte (‘open proposition’, OP) est saillante ;dans ce cas, LD+TOP a une fonction contrastive, et le constituant antéposé et le focus de l'OP sont mis en contraste dans leurs posets respectifs. Enfin, alors que certains travaux antérieurs ont proposé que les fonctions discursives se combinent compositionellement, cette étude suggère que lorsque la compositionalité est exclue, une fonction additionelle peut être discernée, qui justifie l'utilisation simultanée de constructions multiples.
Expérience, science et lutte contre la pauvreté
Authors: Duflo Esther 
Published: January 2020

Au cours des dix dernières années, une nouvelle approche de l’étude du développement économique et de la pauvreté a émergé : l’approche expérimentale. Les politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté sont testées lors d’expériences pilotes menées avec la rigueur des essais cliniques. Idées nouvelles et solutions anciennes sont évaluées sur le terrain, ce qui permet d’identifier les politiques efficaces et celles qui ne le sont pas. Ce faisant, nous améliorons notre compréhension des processus fondamentaux qui sont à l’origine de la persistance de la pauvreté. Avec la méthode expérimentale, la science et la lutte contre la pauvreté se renforcent mutuellement.
CIL X 6424 e il sito di Circeii in epoca imperiale: tra Visconti, Mommsen e La Blanchère
Authors: Pagliara Alessandro 
Published: January 2020

Mommsen aveva ventotto anni quando giunse a Napoli ad inizio agosto 1845; M.-R. de La Blanchère ne aveva ventisei nel 1879, al momento in cui arrivò presso l’École française de Rome con l’obiettivo di indagare le antichità della regione pontina. La pubblicazione di CIL X (1883) fu uno spartiacque, ovviamente, anche nel microcosmo dell’epigrafia del Circeo. Tra i tituli da Circeii raccolti da Mommsen, in particolare questo studio si occupa di CIL X 6424: una dedica del 213 dei Circeienses all’imperatore Caracalla. In merito al tema della localizzazione di Circeii in età romana, il presente lavoro mostra come la tesi della coincidenza tra il sito della colonia antica e le rovine sul lago di Paola era vecchia di oltre tre secoli, quando venne assiomaticamente enunciata da Visconti e recepita da Mommsen nel commento a quella iscrizione. Più ampiamente, però, questo articolo affronta il tema dei rapporti tra il maturo Mommsen e il giovane de La Blanchère, anche alla luce di nuove lettere degli anni 1882-85 conservate nel Nachlaß Mommsen della Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz.
Le spectateur du « Moment Youngblood »
Authors: Lesson Benjamin 
Published: January 2020

Cet article propose de reprendre la périodisation historique proposée par Luc Vancheri en y additionnant des théories spectatorielles. Pour avancer dans cette voie, le texte se focalise sur le « Moment Youngblood », c’est-à-dire la période contemporaine dont Vancheri marque l’origine dans les années 1960. Celle-ci se caractérise par une porosité des frontières entre, d’une part, le cinéma et l’art contemporain et, d’autre part, entre l’art et l’espace public. L’hypothèse est qu’on assiste à une dynamique de dérégulation esthétique.On mènera une lecture croisée de quatre contributions notables sur la question spectatorielle propres à cette période : il s’agit de celles de Fredric Jameson, Jacques Rancière, Stanley Cavell et Jean Louis Schefer. Du point de vue des quatre auteurs convoqués, cette dérégulation ne serait pas seulement circonscrite au monde de l’esthétique, mais serait, plus largement, une tendance sociale (voire sociétale). Elle aurait pour conséquence un dérèglement du sens (dans les trois déterminations du mot « sens » : direction, perception et signification) que l’individu doit apprendre à compenser. La lecture des quatre auteurs proposés ouvre ainsi la possibilité d’intégrer des questions d’ordre éthique et politique dans l’analyse de la fonction spectateur et elle permet de voir s’esquisser le paradigme spectatoriel contemporain.
Peddling Wonderment, Selling Privilege: Launching the Market for Medieval Books in Antebellum New York
Authors: Gwara Scott 
Published: January 2020

Medieval and Renaissance manuscripts were collected in North America from about 1820. Four key sources of them can be identified: 1. Ancestral ownership of books brought by early settlers; 2. Acquisitions by missionaries and scholars; 3. Mementos acquired by elites on European Grand Tours; 4. Purchases by bibliophiles from international sales catalogues, domestic booksellers, and auctions of imported volumes. Examples of such manuscripts are identified in this article, and their early owners are recognized as pioneering collectors. A small but profitable commerce in manuscripts emerged in major cities, chiefly New York, where the firm of Daniel Appleton held an early monopoly. Appleton’s had acquired two chests of illuminated manuscripts in Paris. Selling was a challenge, however. Since medieval and Renaissance manuscripts in the New World were unreadable books because of language and script, enterprising booksellers were forced to develop innovative ways to sell them. Appleton’s, for example, used “placement advertising” to sell its manuscripts, publishing articles on medieval topics that mentioned or evoked manuscripts. Two ways of marketing manuscripts came to predominate by the middle of the nineteenth century. The book dealer Joseph Sabin promoted “artifactual reading.” He emphasized the materiality of manuscripts, their possession by fanatic monks, their esoteric rarity, and the possibility of owning the lifetime work of a sensitive, if unschooled, artist. Sabin detailed his ideas in the auction catalogues he authored. George P. Philes, by contrast, published a newsletter called Philobiblion, in which he debunked Sabin’s manuscript mythologies. His marketing was bibliographical. Manuscripts, Philes suggested, were not rare, nor the life-works of religious, nor objects of mystical veneration. He marketed elite collectors who considered themselves New World aristocrats. Philes got his novel ideas from Archives du Bibliophile, a Paris journal published by Anatole Claudin. Philes translated many of its articles and even sold manuscripts that had been offered in Archives. This effort was a rare instance of influence by the Paris booktrade on the New York market.
L’art médiéval dans la construction de l’histoire dominicaine à l’époque moderne
Authors: Morvan Haude 
Published: January 2020

À l’époque moderne, l’histoire se développe comme une réelle science, appuyée sur des preuves textuelles et matérielles dont il convient de démontrer l’authenticité. Le présent article s’intéresse à la place des monuments et des objets médiévaux dans la construction historique à l’intérieur de l’Ordre des Frères prêcheurs. Quels éléments retiennent l’attention des historiens de l’ordre, lorsqu’ils regardent leur patrimoine artistique ancien ? Avec quelles méthodes, quel vocabulaire le décrivent-ils ? Comment articulent-ils les informations livrées par les édifices et objets aux sources textuelles ? La réflexion se base essentiellement sur une documentation manuscrite, en particulier celle conservée aux archives générales de l’Ordre à Rome. En premier lieu, l’article interroge, à travers un décryptage du vocabulaire employé, la conscience d’une rupture épocale avec un « Moyen Âge » qui correspond d’abord aux origines de l’ordre au XIIIe siècle. En second lieu, il montre comment les frères font souvent œuvre d’ « antiquaires » en s’intéressant à des thèmes davantage documentés par les images et les objets que par les textes (histoire prosopographique, histoire du costume…). Enfin, dans une troisième partie, sont évoquées quelques manifestations d’une « conscience patrimoniale » chez des érudits dominicains, lesquels cherchent à documenter par l’écrit ou le dessin des œuvres menacées de destruction.
Les meubles médiévaux aux xviiie et xixe siècles : entre dédain et vision romantique
Authors: Lagane Cécile 
Published: January 2020

Le Moyen Âge, depuis son rejet par la pensée humaniste lors la Renaissance, souffre de son image sombre, pauvre et diminuée. Les meubles médiévaux ont ainsi d’abord été jugés frustes, sans finesse et donc sans intérêt. Le manque de qualités esthétiques des meubles est particulièrement mis en avant par les menuisiers du xviiie s., en opposition avec les meubles plus tardifs, jugés « beaux ». Le xixe s. et la mode médiévaliste ont eu tendance à redorer l’image du Moyen Âge et de ses éléments mobiliers. Les meubles présentant des décors sont en particulier favorisés, jugés « charmants » par les architectes chargés de la sauvegarde des monuments auxquels les meubles sont souvent associés. Leur analyse se limite toutefois à une approche stylistique, généralisant à partir de l’observation, parfois erronée, de quelques cas isolés et simplifiant les principes techniques de fabrication. Ces études mènent alors à des représentations peu renseignées, dépeignant un Moyen Âge anachronique et imaginaire. Le traitement des meubles médiévaux aux époques modernes et contemporaines, en particulier aux xviiie et xixe siècles, oscille ainsi entre dédain méprisant et vision romantique attendrie.
Les aventures du Sant Calze de Valence : quand la fiction se fait objet de foi et de mémoire
Authors: Albert Sophie 
Published: January 2020

L’article porte sur le Santo Cáliz ou, en valencien, Sant Calze conservé dans la cathédrale de Valence (Espagne). Selon une légende forgée en Aragon entre le xie et le xive siècle, l’objet, un vase du ier siècle monté en calice au Moyen Âge, est supposé être la coupe par laquelle Jésus a instauré le rite eucharistique au moment de la Cène. Tout en présentant des similitudes structurelles avec les romans du Graal arthurien, la légende du Sant Calze s’en distingue par ses enjeux : le calice n’est pas un motif littéraire, mais un objet bien matériel, et un objet de foi et de mémoire. Il entre dans un discours politique et religieux qui sert une vision christianocentrée, monarchiste et, au xxe siècle, national-catholique de l’histoire de l’Espagne. La première partie de l’article expose les étapes de la translatio du Sant Calze et montre comment l’objet est repris et investi par l’idéologie franquiste. La seconde partie étudie ses modes de présence, ses usages et ses mises en scène tant dans la cathédrale de Valence que dans les autres lieux où il est exposé, déplacé ou reproduit. À travers les déplacements, appropriations, manipulations et récupérations du Sant Calze, il s’agit de réfléchir à la manière dont des discours de mémoire se trouvent mis en espace et incarnés ou, ici, réifiés.
LETMD1 Regulates Phagocytosis and Inflammatory Responses to Lipopolysaccharide via Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and NF-κB Activation in Macrophages
Authors: Lim Su-Geun , Suk Kyoungho , Lee Won-Ha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
LETM1 domain–containing protein 1 (LETMD1), also known as HCCR-1, is a mitochondrial protein and is known to regulate p53 and STAT3 activities in cancer cells. In this study, we present, for the first time (to our knowledge), data indicating that LETMD1 suppresses multiple immune responses in monocyte/macrophage lineage cells and mouse primary macrophages. Attenuation of LETMD1 expression with specific small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA constructs enhanced LPS-induced expressions of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. In addition, LETMD1 attenuation caused potentiation of phagocytosis as well as migration in a macrophage-like cell line, U937. These enhancing effects were associated with altered activation of signaling adaptors (such as NF-κB, MAPKs, p53, and JAK-STAT) involved in TLR4 signaling. Especially, LETMD1 selectively regulated TLR4-induced NF-κB activation via MyD88 but not via TIR-domain–containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF). Attenuation of LETMD1 expression caused mitochondrial hyperpolarization and subsequent decrease in ATP production and increase in mitochondrial/cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium levels. LETMD1 attenuation also enhanced LPS-induced expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2, the main producer of cellular ROS in phagocytes, through augmenting IFN regulatory factor 1. Accordingly, treatment with ROS scavenger, NOX2 suppressing agents, or calcium chelators resulted in suppression of LPS-induced cytokine production as well as NF-κB activation in cells with LETMD1 attenuation. These findings reveal a previously unknown function of LETMD1 and provide evidences showing LETMD1 negatively regulates macrophage functions by modulating mitochondrial function, subsequent ROS generation, and NF-κB activation.
DHEA Inhibits Leukocyte Recruitment through Regulation of the Integrin Antagonist DEL-1
Authors: Ziogas Athanasios , Maekawa Tomoki , Wiessner Johannes R. , Le Thi Trang , Sprott David , Troullinaki Maria , Neuwirth Ales , Anastasopoulou Vasiliki , Grossklaus Sylvia , Chung Kyoung-Jin , Sperandio Markus , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Hajishengallis George , Alexaki Vasileia Ismini 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Leukocytes are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation via interactions with the vascular endothelium. The steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) exerts anti-inflammatory properties; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we show that an anti-inflammatory mechanism of DHEA involves the regulation of developmental endothelial locus 1 (DEL-1) expression. DEL-1 is a secreted homeostatic factor that inhibits β2-integrin–dependent leukocyte adhesion, and the subsequent leukocyte recruitment and its expression is downregulated upon inflammation. Similarly, DHEA inhibited leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium in venules of the inflamed mouse cremaster muscle. Importantly, in a model of lung inflammation, DHEA limited neutrophil recruitment in a DEL-1–dependent manner. Mechanistically, DHEA counteracted the inhibitory effect of inflammation on DEL-1 expression. Indeed, whereas TNF reduced DEL-1 expression and secretion in endothelial cells by diminishing C/EBPβ binding to the DEL-1 gene promoter, DHEA counteracted the inhibitory effect of TNF via activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TRKA) and downstream PI3K/AKT signaling that restored C/EBPβ binding to the DEL-1 promoter. In conclusion, DHEA restrains neutrophil recruitment by reversing inflammation-induced downregulation of DEL-1 expression. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory DHEA/DEL-1 axis could be harnessed therapeutically in the context of inflammatory diseases.
Association between self-reported snoring, STOP questionnaire and post-operative pulmonary complications in patients submitted to ortophaedic surgery
Authors: Ursavaş Ahmet , Güven Tahir , Coskun Funda , Ege Ercüment , Yılmazlar Aysun 
Published: January 2020

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase perioperative complications. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship among postoperative pulmonary complication, snoring and STOP questionnaire in patients with ortophaedic surgery.
Methods: 1,406 consecutive records of patients who had undergone elective ortophaedic surgery during the period January 2005-December 2008 were investigated retrospectively. Demographic information, sleep symptoms, STOP questionnaire, comorbidities and outcome data were collected.
Results: There were 289 (20.5%) snorers and 1,117 (79.5%) non-snorers in the study group. There was no significant difference between snorer and non-snorer patients (p > 0.05) in the prevalence of pneumonia and respiratory failure. But in snorer patients the rate of postoperative atelectasis was significantly higher than in non-snorer group (p < 0.0001). The STOP Questionnaire was given to 1,406 patients and 147 (10.4%) out of them were classified at high risk of OSA. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of pneumonia and respiratory failure between low and high risk group (p > 0.05). However, in high risk patients the occurrence of postoperative atelectasis was significantly higher than in low risk group (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Postoperative atelectasis was significantly more prevalent in the high risk group according to STOP questionnaire.
Ultrasound-guided pleural puncture in supine or recumbent lateral position: feasibility study
Authors: Soldati Gino , Smargiassi Andrea , Inchingolo Riccardo , Sher Sara , Valente Salvatore , Corbo Giuseppe Maria 
Published: January 2020

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate feasibility, safety and efficacy of accessing the pleural space with the patient supine or in lateral recumbent position, under constant ultrasonic guidance along the costophrenic sinus.
Methods: All patients with pleural effusion, referred to thoracentesis or pleural drainage from February 2010 to January 2011 in two institutions, were drained either supine or in lateral recumbent position through an echomonitored cannulation of the costophrenic sinus. The technique is described in detail and an analysis of safety and feasibility is carried out.
Results: One hundred and one thoracenteses were performed on 76 patients and 30 pigtail catheters were inserted in 30 patients (for a total of 131 pleural procedures in 106 patients enrolled). The feasibility of the procedures was 100% and in every case it was possible to follow real time needle tip passage in the pleural space. Ninety eight thoracenteses (97%) and all catheter drainages were successfully completed. Four thoracenteses were stopped because of the appearance of complications while no pigtail drainage procedure was stopped. After 24 hour follow up, one chest pain syndrome (1.3% of completed thoracenteses) and two pneumothoraces (1.4%) occurred. The mean acquisition time of pleural space was 76 ± 9 seconds for thoracentesis and 185 ± 46 seconds for drainage insertion (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: This study highlights the safety and efficacy of this technique of real time echo-monitored pleural space puncture, that offers a more comfortable patient position, an easier approach for the operator, a very low rate of complications with short acquisition time of pleural space.
Use of positive expiratory pressure during six-minute walk test: results in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Nicolini Antonello , Merliak Federico , Barlascini Cornelius 
Published: January 2020

Background: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is widely used because it is both simple and reliable as a measure of exercise capacity. Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually show a limited capacity to perform exercise.
Methods: Our study is a prospective, randomized controlled trial which uses the 6MWT in one hundred consecutive in and out- patients with moderate to severe COPD to assess the benefit of a simple positive expiratory pressure (PEP) device. PEP device consisted of a PEP valve 5 cmH2O connected to 1-meter tube and a mouthpiece. All the enrolled patients performed a 6MWT before randomization. The following day PEP group patients performed the 6MWT using PEP device. Control group patients performed the 6MWT without this device. The primary outcome was the difference in distance (meters) walked.
Results: Functional capacity assessed by the distance covered during 6MWT improved in the PEP group more than in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001).Oxygen saturation improved to a statistically significant level during 6MWT (p < 0.01). Heart rate was also reduced (p < 0.03).
Conclusions: There are few studies demonstrating that PEP devices enhance exercise capacity in COPD patients. Our results has been obtained using only a low positive expiratory pressure (5 cmH2O). In our opinion the strength of this study is the simplicity and the lower cost when compared to other devices and approaches.
The study was registered as Chi CTR-ORC-12002173 at www.chictr.org.
Diagnosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis: clinical and the prognostic significance of skin lesions
Authors: Yanardag Halil , Tetikkurt Cuneyt , Bilir Muammer , Demirci Sabriye , Iscimen Aydin 
Published: January 2020

Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in various tissues. Cutaneous involvement occurs in 20 to 35 percent of the patients and may be the initial manifestation of the disease. Our study was performed to discriminate the clinical, laboratory, and prognostic differences between patients with specific and nonspecific cutaneous involvement. The second aim was to asses the diagnostic usefulness of punch biopsy in sarcoidosis.
Methods: The clinical, laboratory, pathological features, and skin biopsy results of 120 patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis were evaluated. The patients fulfilled clinical, radiologic or both features of sarcoidosis supported by the histopathologic evidence of noncaseating granulomas. Skin involvement was the initial finding in 30% of the patients. Erythema nodosum and lupus pernio were the most common skin lesions. Almost all of the patients with LP were either stage 0 or 1. Respiratory symptoms occurred in 72.2% of the patients with specific skin involvement. Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) lymphocytosis, high ratio of CD4/ CD8 and elevated serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) were more frequent in patients with specific cutaneous lesions. The frequency of progressive disease was significantly higher in this group. Punch skin biopsy was diagnostic in 81.6% of the patients with a complication rate of 4%.
Conclusions: Specific cutaneous lesions along with BAL lymphocytosis, high CD4/CD8 ratio and elevated serum ACE levels may be predictors of progressive disease in sarcoidosis. Punch biopsy is a simple technique with a high diagnostic yield and a low complication rate for cutaneous sarcoidosis.