bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life history of the river goby Glossogobius callidus (Teleostei: Gobiidae)
Authors: Mofu Lubabalo , Woodford Darragh J. , Wasserman Ryan J. , Weyl Olaf L. F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe river goby Glossogobius callidus is native to freshwater and estuarine habitats in South Africa. Individuals [21.1–144.4 mm total length (LT)] were sampled from impoundments in the Sundays River Valley, Eastern Cape, from February 2014 to March 2015. The largest female was 137.2 mm LT, and the largest male was 144.4 mm LT. Length‐at‐50% maturity was 75.2 ± 2.1 mm LT for males and 76.2 ± 2.0 mm LT for females. Absolute fecundity was 1028.2 ± 131.7 oocytes per fish, and relative fecundity was 50.1 ± 18.1 oocytes per gram. The spawning season extended from October to December. Fish were aged using sectioned sagittal otoliths. The growth zone periodicity was validated using edge analysis. Longevity was more than 7 years for females and more than 6 years for males. Length‐at‐age was similar for the two sexes and was best described using the von Bertalanffy growth model as Lt = 74.7(1 − e–1.0(t + 0.1)) mm LT for the entire population. Using the population age structure, the mortality rate was estimated at 1.3 per year.
Workflow Barriers and Strategies to Reduce Antibiotic Overuse in Nursing Homes
Authors: Ramly Edmond , Tong Michelle , Bondar Svetlana , Ford James H. , Nace David A. , Crnich Christopher J. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVESAntibiotic overuse is a significant problem in nursing homes (NHs). Strategies to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in NHs are a critical need. In this study, we analyzed antibiotic prescribing workflows to identify strategies for improving antibiotic prescribing in NHs.DESIGNQualitative descriptive study using prospective field‐based assessment of workflows.SETTINGSix NHs in Wisconsin (n = 3) and Pennsylvania (n = 3).PARTICIPANTSA total of 44 interviews with 68 NH professionals, including leadership, nurses, and prescribers.MEASUREMENTSDuring a 1‐day field visit in each NH, we conducted semistructured interviews with NH professionals, collected artifacts (policies, procedures, and documentation and communication tools), and observed clinical meetings. Study participants were interviewed (30–60 minutes) about antibiotic prescribing workflows in their facility. Information collected during site visits was used to create a representative workflow map of NH antibiotic prescribing. The workflow map guided thematic analysis to identify barriers corresponding to workflow steps across multiple NHs.RESULTSThe representative antibiotic preprescribing workflow map included 17 steps, beginning with resident change in condition and ending with the decision to prescribe an antibiotic. Thematic analysis identified common step‐specific barriers to antibiotic stewardship centering on three themes: (A) information barriers, comprising (A1) inconsistent nurse assessment report and (A2) misalignment between the work and tools of information sharing within the facility, (B) communication barriers, comprising (B1) mismatched perception of prescriber information needs and (B2) difficulty reaching prescribers for direct interaction, and (C) professional barriers, comprising (C1) low prescriber confidence in nurse assessment report and (C2) nurse reluctance to express their professional opinions.CONCLUSIONStrategies addressing workflow barriers are important targets for antibiotic stewardship. Such strategies include structured information tools, nurse and prescriber education, and organizational improvement. Future research can build on combinations of existing and new strategies to measure their effects in improving antibiotic prescribing. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2222–2231, 2020.
Fg12 ribonuclease secretion contributes to Fusarium graminearum virulence and induces plant cell death
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Yuyin , Tian Mengjun , Dai Kaixin , Zheng Wenyue , Liu Zehan , Yang Sen , Liu Xinyu , Shi Dongya , Zhang Haifeng , Wang Yan , Ye Wenwu , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFilamentous fungal pathogens secrete effectors that modulate host immunity and facilitate infection. Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen responsible for various devastating diseases. However, little is known about the function of effector proteins secreted by F. graminearum. Herein, we identified several effector candidates in the F. graminearum secretome. Among them, the secreted ribonuclease Fg12 was highly upregulated during the early stages of F. graminearum infection in soybean; its deletion compromised the virulence of F. graminearum. Transient expression of Fg12 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced cell death in a light‐dependent manner. Fg12 possessed ribonuclease (RNase) activity, degrading total RNA. The enzymatic activity of Fg12 was required for its cell death‐promoting effects. Importantly, the ability of Fg12 to induce cell death was independent of BAK1/SOBIR1, and treatment of soybean with recombinant Fg12 protein induced resistance to various pathogens, including F. graminearum and Phytophthora sojae. Overall, our results provide evidence that RNase effectors not only contribute to pathogen virulence but also induce plant cell death.
The role of Sphingolipids in myelination and myelin stability and their involvement in childhood and adult demyelinating disorders
Authors: Giussani Paola , Prinetti Alessandro , Tringali Cristina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) represents the most common demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) in adults as well as in children. Furthermore, in children, in addition to acquired diseases such as MS, genetically inherited diseases significantly contribute to the incidence of demyelinating disorders. Some genetic defects lead to sphingolipid alterations that are able to elicit neurological symptoms. Sphingolipids are essential for brain development, and their aberrant functionality may thus contribute to demyelinating diseases such as MS. In particular, sphingolipidoses caused by deficits of sphingolipid‐metabolizing enzymes, are often associated with demyelination. Sphingolipids are not only structural molecules but also bioactive molecules involved in the regulation of cellular events such as development of the nervous system, myelination and maintenance of myelin stability. Changes in the sphingolipid metabolism deeply affect plasma membrane organization. Thus, changes in myelin sphingolipid composition might crucially contribute to the phenotype of diseases characterized by demyelinalization. Here, we review key features of several sphingolipids such as ceramide/dihydroceramide, sphingosine/dihydrosphingosine, glucosylceramide and, galactosylceramide which act in myelin formation during rat brain development and in human brain demyelination during the pathogenesis of MS, suggesting that this knowledge could be useful in identifying targets for possible therapies.
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The efficacy of medical treatment for adenomyosis after adenomyomectomy
Authors: Li Qiuju , Yuan Ming , Li Ni , Zhen Qianwei , Chen Chang , Wang Guoyun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsTo compare the efficacy of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRH‐a) and GnRH‐a + levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) after adenomyomectomy for improved adenomyosis‐associated symptoms.MethodsOverall, 193 patients with adenomyosis included in this study were categorized into three groups: adenomyomectomy (n = 57, group 1), adenomyomectomy + GnRH‐a (n = 83, group 2) and adenomyomectomy + GnRH‐a + LNG‐IUS (n = 53, group 3). Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and uterine volumes were determined to evaluate the severity of adenomyosis. Dysmenorrhea improvement and uterine volume were the main outcomes.ResultsThe VAS scores of all patients reduced from 7.3 (6.0, 8.5) to 0 (0, 0.6) at the 6 months after surgery, which were significantly higher in group 1 compared to other groups (P < 0.05). In groups 1, 2 and 3, there were 14, 7 and 4 patients, respectively, who suffered dysmenorrhea recurrence. The mean recurrent‐free‐survival (RFS) was 51.6 ± 2.4, 58.0 ± 1.2 and 58.3 ± 1.0 months, respectively, which was significantly shorter in group 1 (P < 0.05). The dysmenorrhea recurrences were 26.3%, 6.1%, 5.9% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, at the 36 months, which was significantly higher in group 1 (P < 0.01). Significantly decreased uterine volumes were observed in all patients from 222.2 (147.6, 350.4) to 77.0 (65.9, 94.1) mL (P < 0.05) at the 6 month after surgery.ConclusionTreatment GnRH‐a and LNG‐IUS after surgery could significantly reduce the recurrence and prolong the RFS. It seemed that the use of LNG‐IUS was beneficial for a lower recurrence in long‐term follow‐up.
Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Cyanidiococcus gen. nov., A New Extremophilic Red Algal Genus Sister to Cyanidioschyzon (Cyanidioschyzonaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Liu Shao‐Lun , Chiang Yin‐Ru , Yoon Hwan Su , Fu Han‐Yi 
Published: July 2020

The taxonomic placement of strains belonging to the extremophilic red alga Galdieria maxima has been controversial due to the inconsistent phylogenetic position inferred from molecular phylogenetic analyses. Galdieria maxima nom. inval. was classified in this genus based on morphology and molecular data in the early work, but some subsequent molecular phylogenetic analyses have inferred strains of G. maxima to be closely related to the genus Cyanidioschyzon. To address this controversy, an isolated strain identified as G. maxima using the rbcL gene sequence as the genetic barcode was examined using a comprehensive analysis across morphological, physiological, and genomic traits. Herein are reported the chloroplast‐, mitochondrion‐, and chromosome‐level nuclear genome assemblies. Comparative analysis of orthologous gene clusters and genome arrangements suggested that the genome structure of this strain was more similar to that of the generitype of Cyanidioschyzon, C. merolae than to the generitype of Galdieria, G. sulphuraria. While the ability to uptake various forms of organic carbon for growth is an important physiological trait of Galdieria, this strain was identified as an ecologically obligate photoautotroph (i.e., the inability to utilize the natural concentrations of organic carbons) and lacked various gene models predicted as sugar transporters. Based on the genomic, morphological, and physiological traits, we propose this strain to be a new genus and species, Cyanidiococcus yangmingshanensis. Re‐evaluation of the 18S rRNA and rbcL gene sequences of the authentic strain of G. maxima, IPPAS‐P507, with those of C. yangmingshanensis suggests that the rbcL sequences of “G. maxima” deposited in GenBank correspond to misidentified isolates.
Climate change: A potential risk to cage culture and genetic structure of native fisheries in fish cage‐installed inland lakes
Authors: Oyebola Oyediran Olusegun , Fada Pentecost Ozemoya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFish cage aquaculture (FCA) in lakes is a viable climate change (CC) mitigation approach; however, deficiencies in monitoring, early warning and risk planning could threaten its sustainability. Thus, the present study focused on examining the experiences with CC and its risks to cage fish culture, and phenotypic structure of a typical endemic fishery in fish cage‐installed (FCI) and fish cage‐free (FCF) lakes. Using a structured questionnaire, fisherfolks of typical FCI and FCF lakes in southwestern Nigeria were consulted for their local experiences regarding CC variables, effects on cage aquaculture and the occurrence of caged fish in their fish catches. For phenotypic structure analysis, size cohorts of cage‐cultured (CCU) and wild‐caught (WC) Oreochromis niloticus from FCI (CCUFCI and WCFCI), and WC from FCF (WCFCF) were obtained and analysed for phenotypic differences (p < .05) and mix‐up through cluster/linkage analysis. Respondents experienced unpredictable climatic conditions, increased rainfall fluctuations and declining rainfall (86.4; 47.1%, 50.0; 64.7%, 100.0; 88.2%, in FCI and FCF lakes, respectively), indicating that CC affects cage culture, induces cage damage and floods, and results in caged fish escapes (40.9; 35.3%, 81.8; 11.8%, 95.5; 41.2% in FCI and FCF lakes, respectively), while caged fishes occur in fisherfolks’ catches (63.6% FCI). Phenotypically, WCFCF and WCFCI were similar, but differed from CCUFCI for pre‐dorsal length. WCFCF and WCFCI differed for caudal peduncle lengths. In addition, some individuals of CCUFCI clustered with WCFCI and WCFCF, rather than their population cohorts. Climate change impacts on FCA lakes have implications regarding caged fish escapes. Phenotypic structures indicated a possible mix‐up of caged and wild O. niloticus populations. Thus, monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) of cage culture in lakes is necessary, and development of genetic markers for endemic species would also facilitate MCS.
The protein–protein interactions required for assembly of the Tn3 resolution synapse
Authors: Rowland Sally‐J. , Boocock Martin R. , Burke Mary E. , Rice Phoebe A. , Stark W. Marshall 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe site‐specific recombinase Tn3 resolvase initiates DNA strand exchange when two res recombination sites and six resolvase dimers interact to form a synapse. The detailed architecture of this intricate recombination machine remains unclear. We have clarified which of the potential dimer–dimer interactions are required for synapsis and recombination, using a novel complementation strategy that exploits a previously uncharacterized resolvase from Bartonella bacilliformis (“Bart”). Tn3 and Bart resolvases recognize different DNA motifs, via diverged C‐terminal domains (CTDs). They also differ substantially at N‐terminal domain (NTD) surfaces involved in dimerization and synapse assembly. We designed NTD‐CTD hybrid proteins, and hybrid res sites containing both Tn3 and Bart dimer binding sites. Using these components in in vivo assays, we demonstrate that productive synapsis requires a specific “R” interface involving resolvase NTDs at all three dimer‐binding sites in res. Synapses containing mixtures of wild‐type Tn3 and Bart resolvase NTD dimers are recombination‐defective, but activity can be restored by replacing patches of Tn3 resolvase R interface residues with Bart residues, or vice versa. We conclude that the Tn3/Bart family synapse is assembled exclusively by R interactions between resolvase dimers, except for the one special dimer–dimer interaction required for catalysis.
Funnel plots of patient‐reported outcomes to evaluate health‐care quality: Basic principles, pitfalls and considerations
Authors: van der Willik Esmee M. , van Zwet Erik W. , Hoekstra Tiny , van Ittersum Frans J. , Hemmelder Marc H. , Zoccali Carmine , Jager Kitty J. , Dekker Friedo W. , Meuleman Yvette 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA funnel plot is a graphical method to evaluate health‐care quality by comparing hospital performances on certain outcomes. So far, in nephrology, this method has been applied to clinical outcomes like mortality and complications. However, patient‐reported outcomes (PROs; eg, health‐related quality of life [HRQOL]) are becoming increasingly important and should be incorporated into this quality assessment. Using funnel plots has several advantages, including clearly visualized precision, detection of volume‐effects, discouragement of ranking hospitals and easy interpretation of results. However, without sufficient knowledge of underlying methods, it is easy to stumble into pitfalls, such as overinterpretation of standardized scores, incorrect direct comparisons of hospitals and assuming a hospital to be in‐control (ie, to perform as expected) based on underpowered comparisons. Furthermore, application of funnel plots to PROs is accompanied by additional challenges related to the multidimensional nature of PROs and difficulties with measuring PROs. Before using funnel plots for PROs, high and consistent response rates, adequate case mix correction and high‐quality PRO measures are required. In this article, we aim to provide insight into the use and interpretation of funnel plots by presenting an overview of the basic principles, pitfalls and considerations when applied to PROs, using examples from Dutch routine dialysis care.
Association between neighborhood aesthetics and childhood obesity
Authors: Qu Pengfei , Luo Miyang , Wu Yang , Zhang Fan , Vos Heleen , Gu Xinqian , Mi Yang , Luo Xiaoqin , Jia Peng 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe lack of neighbourhood aesthetics (e.g. public art and well‐maintained properties) may reduce walkability in the neighbourhood and increase the risk of childhood obesity. In this study, a literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science for articles published before January 1, 2019 to analyse the associations between neighbourhood aesthetics and weight‐related behaviours and outcomes among children and adolescents aged <18. One cohort study and 24 cross‐sectional studies, conducted in 10 countries with a median sample size of 1124 were identified. Neighbourhood aesthetics was more commonly assessed by self‐reported or parent‐reported perceptions than objective measurements. Eighteen of the 25 included studies analysed physical activity (PA) as the outcome of interests, eight studies analysed active transport to school (ATS), and eight studies analysed weight status, including body mass index and overweight/obesity status. About two‐thirds of studies reported non‐significant associations when using PA and weight status as outcomes, and half of studies showed that neighbourhood aesthetics is associated with increased use of ATS. The rest of the studies reported mixed findings with slightly more studies showing neighbourhood aesthetics may promote PA or reduce weight. Better designed studies are necessary to achieve a robust understanding of this epidemiological relationship in the future.
Evaluation of BP180‐NC16A ELISA in exclusive oral pemphigoid diagnosis. A comparative study
Authors: Petruzzi Massimo , Tampoia Marilina , Serpico Rosario , Lauritano Dorina , Lajolo Carlo , Lucchese Alberta , Della Vella Fedora 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveAims of this study were to test the efficacy of anti‐BP180‐NC160 ELISA in the diagnosis of oral pemphigoid compared to the gold standard, represented by direct immunofluorescence and pathological examination, to correlate the antibody titers with the severity of the disease and the demographical data.Materials and MethodsPatients with a suspect of oral pemphigoid were enrolled and underwent biopsy and sera collection both, in order to perform histopathological examination, direct immunofluorescence and ELISA. The test outcomes were compared, and ELISA sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and negative and positive predictive values were calculated.ResultsELISA showed good specificity (83.3%), while sensitivity was only 50%. A moderate correlation between antibody titers and disease severity was recorded.ConclusionsMucomembranous Pemphigoid is an autoimmune autoantibody‐mediated blistering disease, often affecting exclusively the oral mucosa. Currently, the biopsy is required to diagnose this disease, but serological tests are also commonly employed during clinical practice as adjunctive tools. BP180‐NC160 ELISA should be considered an ancillary diagnostic test in course of oral pemphigoid; direct immunofluorescence + histologic examination remains the diagnostic gold standard.
Personalized Three‐Dimensional Printed Anterior Titanium Plate to Treat Double‐Column Acetabular Fractures: A Retrospective Case‐Control Study
Authors: Wu Hai‐yang , Shao Qi‐peng , Song Cheng‐jing , Shang Ran‐ran , Liu Xi‐ming , Cai Xian‐hua 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy and safety of a personalized three‐dimensional (3D) printed dynamic anterior plate–screw system for the quadrilateral area (DAPSQ) titanium plate and a traditional DAPSQ reconstruction plate in the treatment of double‐column acetabular fractures.MethodsThis was a retrospective case‐control study. From May 2014 to January 2018, 43 patients with double‐column acetabular fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation. Among these, 20 cases were fixed with a 3D printed DAPSQ plate (3D printed group) and 23 cases were fixed with a DAPSQ reconstruction plate (control group). The 3D printed group comprised 15 men and 5 women, with an average age of 50.1 ± 8.2 years. The control group comprised 16 men and 7 women, with an average age of 51.0 ± 8.6 years. The evaluation index included the surgical data (i.e. blood loss, operating time, duration of hospital stay, and intraoperative and postoperative complications), position and length of implants, reduction quality, hip function, and related complications. The reduction quality was evaluated using the Matta scoring standard and hip function was evaluated using the modified Merle d’Aubigné score.ResultsA total of 43 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean postoperative follow up was 35.2 months in the 3D printed group and 36.9 months in the control group. There were no significant group differences in demographic data between the two groups. The position and length of the 3D printed implants were generally in accord with preoperative planning using a 3D pelvic model. Patients in the 3D printed group had significantly shorter operation time (223.2 vs 260.5 min, P < 0.05) and less intraoperative blood loss (930.4 vs 1426.1 mL, P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Anatomic, imperfect, and poor reduction was obtained in 13, 5, and 2 cases in the 3D printed group, respectively, and was obtained in 12, 8, and 3 cases in the control group. The modified Merle d’Aubigné scores were excellent in 11 cases, good in seven cases, and fair in two cases in the 3D printed group. They were excellent in 11 cases, good in eight cases, fair in three cases, and poor in one case in the control group. The reduction quality and hip function did not differ within the groups (P > 0.05). The general complication rate in the 3D printed group and the control group was 15% and 26.1%, respectively, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.ConclusionUse of a personalized 3D printed DAPSQ plate has potential advantages in reducing the operation time and blood loss during the treatment of double‐column acetabular fractures.
School and sports participation post‐transplant
Authors: Bobrowski Amy E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPediatric recipients of life‐saving organ transplants are living longer, with improved graft and overall survivals. After successful transplant, children are encouraged to return to “normal life,” with school attendance and participation in age‐appropriate physical activities. This transition may cause stress to the recipients, parents, teachers, and other participating caregivers and staff. Planning for school reentry and assuring education for and open lines of communication with the school staff can help alleviate some of this discomfort and ease the process for the patient and the family. Cardiovascular disease has emerged as the leading cause of death in survivors of pediatric transplantation and is contributed to by modifiable risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and the MS. Physical activity is a proven tool in decreasing surrogate markers of this risk. Sports participation is an important way to promote an enjoyment of physical activity that can ideally persist into adulthood, but conflicting advice and opinions exist regarding type and participation in physical activity. Moreover, specific recommendations are likely not applicable to all recipients, as certain degrees of rehabilitation may be needed depending on degree and length of illness. In general, a program of rehabilitation and increased physical activity has been shown to be safe and effective for most pediatric transplant recipients. Focusing on optimizing the “normal” childhood activities of going to school and participating in sports can improve the physical, social, cognitive, and mental health outcomes of this population after transplant and should be prioritized.