bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Ecological Risk-Based Screening Levels
Authors: Zodrow Jeanmarie M. , Frenchmeyer Meredith , Dally Kaitlyn , Osborn Erin , Anderson Paul , Divine Craig 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Evaluation of chemical risks to threatened and endangered species is a requirement for Superfund ecological risk assessments; however, screening levels to evaluate the potential for toxicity associated with ecological receptor exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are lacking. Therefore, PFAS risk-based screening levels (RBSLs) were developed. Wildlife RBSLs were developed using surrogate receptors selected to be representative of threatened and endangered species with different habitat types, feeding guilds, and trophic levels. Published uptake and toxicity data were combined with receptor exposure factors to derive RBSLs for terrestrial and aquatic wildlife for several PFAS, including perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, and pentafluorobenzoic acid. Uptake information for surrogate PFAS were considered to calculate RBSLs for PFAS with toxicity data and insufficient bioaccumulation data to develop an RBSL. Both no-observed–adverse effect level (NOAEL)– and lowest-observed–adverse effect level–based wildlife RBSLs were calculated to allow for a range of risk estimates appropriate to individual threatened and endangered species and populations of nonlisted wildlife receptors, respectively. Recommended water quality RBSLs protective of aquatic life were developed for 23 PFAS based on published literature reviews and peer-reviewed aquatic toxicity studies and Great Lakes Initiative methodology. For wildlife receptors, NOAEL RBSLs ranged from to 0.013 to 340 mg/kg for soil, 0.0014 to 370 mg/kg for sediment, and 0.000075 to 1600 mg/L for surface water. For aquatic life, chronic RBSLs ranged from 0.00022 to 3.4 mg/L. For terrestrial plants and soil invertebrates, the no-observed-effect concentration screening levels range from 0.084 to 642 mg/kg and from 1 to 50 mg/kg, respectively. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:921–936. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Risk-based screening levels were developed for a variety of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, environmental media, and ecological receptors using standard risk assessment approaches. BAF = bioaccumulation factor; BSAF = biota–sediment accumulation factor; RBSL = risk-based screening level.
Transoral closure of the supraglottic larynx for intractable aspiration
Authors: Atallah Ihab , Castellanos Paul F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to describe a novel, safe, and effective surgical technique to eliminate aspiration, that is performed entirely by reconstructive transoral laser microsurgery (R‐TLM). Eleven tracheostomy‐dependent patients with recurrent pneumonia secondary to intractable aspiration treated with transoral laryngeal closure were included in our study. In all cases, the supraglottic mucosa is incised in a circumferential manner. The distal tissues are sutured side‐to‐side longitudinally, and the superficial tissues are sutured back‐to‐front transversally. All patients successfully underwent transoral laryngeal closure without significant perioperative complication. Four patients resumed oral feeding for effective nutrition and two patients for pleasure. One patient developed a small fistula with a leak that warranted secondary closure by a follow‐up R‐TLM procedure and subsequently held to protect his airway. Complete supraglottic laryngeal closure can be performed safely and effectively using R‐TLM techniques. They provide a natural‐orifice alternative to open surgery in patients with intractable aspiration.
Efficiently Restored Thrombopoietin Production by Ashwell‐Morell Receptor and IL‐6R Induced Janus Kinase 2/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling Early After Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Reusswig Friedrich , Fazel Modares Nastaran , Brechtenkamp Marius , Wienands Leonard , Krüger Irena , Behnke Kristina , Lee‐Sundlov Melissa M. , Herebian Diran , Scheller Jürgen , Hoffmeister Karin M. , Häussinger Dieter , Elvers Margitta 
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims
Thrombocytopenia has been described in most patients with acute and chronic liver failure. Decreased platelet production and decreased half‐life of platelets might be a consequence of low levels of thrombopoietin (TPO) in these patients. Platelet production is tightly regulated to avoid bleeding complications after vessel injury and can be enhanced under elevated platelet destruction as observed in liver disease. Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the primary regulator of platelet biogenesis and supports proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes.

Approach and Results
Recent work provided evidence for the control of TPO mRNA expression in liver and bone marrow (BM) by scanning circulating platelets. The Ashwell‐Morell receptor (AMR) was identified to bind desialylated platelets to regulate hepatic thrombopoietin (TPO) production by Janus kinase (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) activation. Two‐thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed in mice. Platelet activation and clearance by AMR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling and TPO production were analyzed at different time points after PHx. Here, we demonstrate that PHx in mice led to thrombocytopenia and platelet activation defects leading to bleeding complications, but unaltered arterial thrombosis, in these mice. Platelet counts were rapidly restored by up‐regulation and crosstalk of the AMR and the IL‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) to induce JAK2‐STAT3‐TPO activation in the liver, accompanied by an increased number of megakaryocytes in spleen and BM before liver was completely regenerated.

Conclusions
The AMR/IL‐6R‐STAT3‐TPO signaling pathway is an acute‐phase response to liver injury to reconstitute hemostasis. Bleeding complications were attributable to thrombocytopenia and platelet defects induced by elevated PGI2, NO, and bile acid plasma levels early after PHx that might also be causative for the high mortality in patients with liver disease.
Toward a process model of newcomer socialization: Integrating pre‐ and post‐entry factors for newcomer adjustment
Authors: Takeuchi Tomokazu , Takeuchi Norihiko , Jung Yuhee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study documents the influence of both pre‐ and post‐entry factors on newcomer socialization. Using time‐lagged survey data from 137 new employees from private sector organizations in Japan, our empirical analyses showed that newcomers' pre‐entry career maturity was significantly related to their post‐entry adjustment outcomes through person‐organization (P‐O) fit perceptions at entry. Career maturity was also significantly and positively related to pre‐entry job search effort, as well as to P‐O fit at entry. Furthermore, the results indicated that the effectiveness of supervisor and coworker support for enhancing newcomer adjustment varied depending on the level of P‐O fit perception at entry. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
Transient parametric pilot study on thermosyphon heat transport device: A computational fluid dynamics hypothesis and experimental exploration
Authors: Varun K. , Arunachala U. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aims to examine the practicality of a novel passive heat transport system “thermosyphon heat transport device” (THTD). It is a fluid‐filled unit, with both source and sink amalgamated within it. A vertical tube‐in‐tube design has been incorporated, consisting of heat source, adiabatic height, and sink. To showcase the performance, a transient numerical analysis is performed using ANSYS Fluent, which is compared with the simple closed thermosiphon (SCT) for heat transport capability (1 kW) and different adiabatic heights (0.25, 1, and 1.5 m). Also, the influence of axial conduction is examined. The proposed Therminol VP1‐based THTD has better heat transport capability over SCT due to a uniform flow pattern. Although the time response diminishes with adiabatic height, the novelty is justified as the heat gained by THTD (adiabatic height: 1.5 m) is 1.5 times more than SCT. Furthermore, the THTD performance is experimentally analyzed by varying the coolant flow rate (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 kg/s), heat load (100−600 W), and transport distance (0.25 and 0.75 m), which yielded 80%−90% energy efficiency. As the THTD is crucial for a conceptual solar indoor cooker, the response under transient heating/cooling conditions is also investigated, which depicted 300 s for transient heating and 10−50 s for transient cooling.
Mixed convection flow of magnetic hybrid nanofluid over a bidirectional porous surface with internal heat generation and a higher‐order chemical reaction
Authors: Joshi Navneet , Pandey Alok K. , Upreti Himanshu , Kumar Manoj 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA numerical study is presented for three‐dimensional magnetic hybrid nanofluid (SWCNT + Ag–H2O) flow over a porous bidirectional stretchable surface due to the physical effects of a higher‐order chemical reaction, internal heat generation, and mixed convection. The systems of nonlinear ordinary diffrential equations of hybrid nanofluid that is, flow, energy, and mass transfer are developed and computations have been carried out, employing shooting method along with Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth‐ and fifth‐order technique. The characteristics of heat transfer, mass diffusion, and fluid flow are presented for the range of porosity parameter, ; Hartmann number, ; internal heat generation, ; thermal Grashof number, ; mass Grashof number, ; Schmidt number, ; chemical reaction parameter, , and order of chemical reaction () for power index number and 2 at a fixed value of nanoparticles' volume fraction and Prandtl number. The graphs and tables are depicted and explained for the response to various embedded parameters. The upshots of the current problem illustrate that with an increase in the magnetic field and chemical reaction, the mass transfer rate increases. Moreover, Nusselt number profiles are reduced with an increase in the coefficient of volumetric heat generation values for both power index number, that is, and 2.
Orthogonal‐polarization‐gating optical coherence tomography for human sweat ducts in vivo
Authors: Li Dezi , Li Zhifang , Zhang Jialing , Li Ke , Wu Shulian , He Youwu , Lin Yongping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe propose an orthogonal‐polarization‐gating optical coherence tomography (OPG‐OCT) for human sweat ducts in vivo. OPG‐OCT is composed of the orthogonal linearly polarized light of a sample arm individually interfering with orthogonal linearly polarized lights of the reference arms, where OPG‐OCT induces two images, one reflecting the projection intensity and the other the horizontal linear diattenuation (HLD). The results demonstrate that OPG‐OCT projection intensity could improve the image quality of sweat ducts. HLD also clearly illustrates the spiral shape of the sweat ducts. Finally, sweat ducts in intensity image are segmented by employing convolutional neural networks (CNN). The proportions of left‐handed and right‐handed ducts are extracted to characterize the sweat ducts based on HLD. Therefore, the OPG‐OCT technique employing CNN for the human sweat glands has the potential to automatically identify the human sweat ducts in vivo.
The challenge of optimising ablation lesions in catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Proietti Riccardo , Lichelli Luca , Lellouche Nicolas , Dhanjal Tarvinder 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRadiofrequency catheter ablation has become an established treatment for ventricular tachycardia. The exponential increase in procedures has provided further insights into mechanisms causing arrhythmias and identification of ablation targets with the development of new mapping strategies. Since the definition of criteria to identify myocardial dense scar, borderzone and normal myocardium, and the description of isolated late potentials, local abnormal ventricular activity and decrementing evoked potential mapping, substrate‐guided ablation has progressively become the method of choice to guide procedures. Accordingly, a wide range of ablation strategies have been developed from scar homogenization to scar dechanneling or core isolation using increasingly complex and precise tools such as multipolar or omnipolar mapping catheters. Despite these advances long‐term success rates for VT ablation have remained static and lower in nonischemic than ischemic heart disease because of the more patchy distribution of myocardial scar. Ablation aims to deliver an irreversible loss of cellular excitability by myocardial heating to a temperatures exceeding 50°C. Many indicators of ablation efficacy have been developed such as contact force, impedance drop, force‐time integral and ablation index, mostly validated in atrial fibrillation ablation. In ventricular procedures there is limited data and ablation lesion parameters have been scarcely investigated. Since VT arrhythmia recurrence can be related to inadequate RF lesion formation, it seems reasonable to establish robust markers of ablation efficacy.
Clinical Significance of Renal Allograft Urothelial Thickening Identified by Ultrasound
Authors: Phillips Catherine H. , Malone Fiona E. , Biederman Laura E. , Siedlecki Andrew M. , Benson Carol B. , Frates Mary C. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the etiology and clinical implications of ultrasound (US)‐diagnosed urothelial thickening (UT) in renal transplants.MethodsPatients with renal transplants who had UT diagnosed by US from January 2000 to December 2018 were retrospectively identified and compared to patients with transplants without UT scanned during the study period. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, US findings, pathologic results, laboratory values, and clinical outcomes and compared between groups by Fisher exact and t tests.ResultsA total of 143 patients with UT and 128 controls comprised our cohorts. The patient age in the UT group versus controls (mean ± SD, 50.2 ± 16.5 versus 51.2 ± 15.3 years) and the time since transplant (2.9 ± 4.2 versus 2.4 ± 5.8 years) were similar. Patients with UT were more likely to be female than controls (76 of 143 [53.1%] versus 53 of 128 [41.4%]; P = .07), but the difference was not statistically significant, and patients with UT were more likely to have indwelling stents (31 of 143 [21.7%] versus 9 of 128 [7.0%]; P = .001) and hydronephrosis (25 of 143 [17.4%] versus 11 of 128 [8.6%]; P = .03). At biopsy, rejection and vascular sclerosis were more likely in patients with UT compared to controls (24 of 25 [49.0%] versus 11 of 43 [25.6%]; P = .031; 42 of 49 [85.7%] versus 22 of 43 [51.2%]; P = .0005, respectively), whereas acute tubular necrosis was similar. The sensitivity (50.0%) and specificity (74.4%) of UT for rejection were low.ConclusionsUrothelial thickening correlates with US findings of urinary obstruction and indwelling stents, suggesting a possible mechanical component to UT's etiology. Although transplant rejection and vascular sclerosis were more frequent at biopsy in the UT group than controls, UT had low sensitivity and specificity for rejection.
Characterization of Functional Dysphonia: Pre‐ and Post‐Treatment Findings
Authors: Tierney William S. , Xiao Roy , Milstein Claudio F. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesFunctional dysphonia (FD) is one of the possible presentations of chronic dysphonia. Defined as dysphonia without gross abnormality of the larynx, FD manifests as aberrant muscle contractions resulting in mild‐to‐severe dysphonia. Despite increasing clinical awareness, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for FD remain challenging.Study DesignInstitutional review board.MethodsA retrospective review of videostroboscopic examinations and EMR data from 109 patients treated for FD was performed. Videostroboscopy was analyzed by two independent reviewers and classified by laryngeal posturing and observer‐rated quality of voice. Medical records were reviewed and patient characteristics, history of disease, and survey responses were collected. Statistics were calculated using JMP and SAS packages.ResultsA total of 85.1% of subjects were female and the average voice handicap index (VHI30) score was 71.0/120. Average time to diagnosis of FD was 688 days and average time from diagnosis to treatment was 3.7 days. 44.0% of patients exhibited hyperadducted laryngeal posturing, 31.9% hypoadducted, and 24.2% showed a mixed posture. 98% of patient voices improved after treatment. 85% returned to normal voice and 10% maintained a mild residual dysphonia.ConclusionWe describe here a large cohort of patients affected by FD, including clinical presentation and videostroboscopic findings. Our data show that most individuals with FD improve after specialized voice therapy once correctly diagnosed but that correct diagnosis and proper treatment was often significantly delayed.Level of Evidence4—Case‐series Laryngoscope, 131:E1957–E1964, 2021
Self‐Assembled Type I Collagen‐Apatite Fibers with Varying Mineralization Extent and Luminescent Terbium Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Romero‐Castillo Ismael , López‐Ruiz Elena , Fernández‐Sánchez Jorge Fernando , Marchal Juan Antonio , Gómez‐Morales Jaime 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work explores in depth the simultaneous self‐assembly and mineralization of type I collagen by a base‐acid neutralization technique to prepare biomimetic collagen‐apatite fibrils with varying mineralization extent and doped with luminescent bactericidal Tb3+ ions. Two variants of the method are tested: base‐acid titration, a solution of Ca(OH)2 is added dropwise to a stirred solution containing type I collagen dispersed in H3PO4; and direct mixing, the Ca(OH)2 solution is added by fast dripping onto the acidic solution. Only the direct mixing variant yielded an effective control of calcium phosphate polymorphism. Luminescence spectroscopy reveals the long luminescence lifetime and high relative luminescence intensity of the Tb3+‐doped materials, while two‐photon confocal fluorescence microscopy shows the characteristic green fluorescence light when using excitation wavelength of 458 nm, which is not harmful to bone tissue. Cytotoxicity/viability tests reveal that direct mixing samples show higher cell proliferation than titration samples. Additionally, osteogenic differentiation essays show that all mineralized fibrils promote the osteogenic differentiation, but the effect is more pronounced when using samples prepared by direct mixing, and more notably when using the Tb3+‐doped mineralized fibrils. Based on these findings it is concluded that the new nanocomposite is an ideal candidate for bone regenerative therapy.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 35 children with COVID‐19 in Beijing, China
Authors: He Ming , Wang Caiying , Xu Lin , Zhang Huimin , Liu Yuhuan , Zhao Yang , He Shuxin , Zhang Yanlan , Yang Hongling , Liu Yang , Miao Min , Chen Zhihai , Pang Lin 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTImportanceWithin the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) global pandemic, more attention is warranted for whether this new infectious disease has unique manifestations in children.ObjectiveTo retrospectively determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 35 children with COVID‐19 in Beijing, China.MethodsWe collected data for 35 children diagnosed with COVID‐19 who were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital from January 2020 to June 2020, and analyzed their epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, chest imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes.ResultsThe children comprised 18 boys (51.4%) and 17 girls (48.6%) aged 6 months to 15 years. All patients had clear epidemiological history, with family clusters accounting for 28 cases (80.0%) and clear tracing of exposure to high epidemic areas in the remaining 7 cases (20.0%). Four (11.4%) patients were classified as asymptomatic, 17 (48.6%) as acute upper respiratory infection, and 14 (40.0%) as mild pneumonia, with no severe or critical cases. Clinical manifestations were mild, including fever in 18 (51.4%), cough in 14 (40.0%), and nausea and diarrhea in 7 (20.0%) patients. White blood cell count was mostly normal (26 cases, 74.3%) or decreased (7 cases, 20.0%); lymphocyte percentage was increased in 24 (68.7%); neutrophil percentage was decreased in 25 (71.4%); alanine aminotransferase was increased in 3 (8.6%); and serum potassium was decreased in 4 (11.4%). Time to negative viral nucleic acid testing was 2–42 days (mean: 14.0 ± 9.4 days). Chest imaging examination revealed that 20 patients (57.1%) had different forms of lung inflammation. Treatment was mainly isolation and nutritional support. Eleven patients were treated with interferon atomization inhalation. No patients required oxygen therapy. All 35 children were cured and discharged. Length of hospital stay was 9–54 days (mean: 25.4 ± 13.8 days). During regular follow‐up after discharge, 5 children showed positivity again in the viral nucleic acid test and were re‐hospitalized for observation and treatment. The mean length of re‐hospitalization stay was 10.8 days.InterpretationChildren with COVID‐19 mainly become infected within their family, and children of all ages are generally susceptible. The disease in children is mostly mild and the prognosis is good. Nucleic acid tests in some patients become positive again after discharge, suggesting that it is of great significance to carry out centralized isolation medical observations and active nucleic acid tests in close contacts for early detection of patients and routine epidemic prevention and control.