bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swift's Queer Camp
Authors: Klein Ula Lukszo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile many have read Swift's poems as displaying misogyny against women and against the tools women use for beautification, this article argues that Swift's dressing‐room poems offer a more nuanced reading of this process and the women involved. This article contends that ‘The Progress of Beauty’ (1719), ‘A Beautiful Young Nymph Going to Bed’ (1731) and ‘The Lady’s Dressing Room’ (1732) are poems of feminine decomposition which are ultimately about the embracing of abjection and disgust and questioning heteronormative ideals of purity. The language of hyperbole suggests a camp element to these women, queering the aesthetics of the abject.
Trade Negotiations in the Digital Era: The Case of OTT Video Streaming Services
Authors: Kwak Dongchul , Kim Minjung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the dynamics of trade negotiations over over‐the‐top (OTT) video streaming services (VSS) in the multilateral trading system. Specifically, it compares specific commitments made under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and offers submitted to the Doha Round negotiations by the European Union and the United States, and examines the two countries’ recent domestic media regulatory reforms in order to delineate major negotiation issues for OTT VSS. The findings of the analysis suggest that the EU continues to take an ‘all‐or‐nothing’ negotiating strategy while the US takes a ‘salami‐slice’ strategy on OTT VSS to pursue the utmost trade liberalization in the sector. The case study of OTT VSS highlights fundamental issues central to the ongoing services trade negotiations in the digital era. It may provide policymakers with significant implications regarding digital trade policy.
Boosting China’s Film Production: An Assessment of the Subsidies for China’s ‘Mainstream Films’
Authors: Zhou Xiaolan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince 1991, the Chinese government has implemented a number of film policies which have sought to provide subsidies in order to promote this industry. Specifically, it is seeking to boost the so‐called ‘mainstream films’ which serve the purpose of distributing the state’s ideology and beliefs. However, these policies, such as tax relief and seat tax, have not helped to boost the production of this particular type of film. By drawing upon comparisons with subsidy policies in France and Korea, this paper provides explanations for why, after twenty years of market‐based reform in the film industry, China’s subsidies have not achieved the same results as these countries. In fact, they have deteriorated the quality and quantity of these mainstream films rather than helping them to become internationally more competitive. In this respect, this paper assesses the state of the mainstream film sector through the prism of Porter’s diamond model on competitiveness. This approach provides evidence of the real competitiveness of Chinese‐produced films, which could have crucial implications for the consistent application of ongoing subsidy policies.
Liver osteopontin is required to prevent the progression of age‐related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Gómez‐Santos Beatriz , Saenz de Urturi Diego , Nuñez‐García Maitane , Gonzalez‐Romero Francisco , Buque Xabier , Aurrekoetxea Igor , Gutiérrez de Juan Virginia , Gonzalez‐Rellan Maria J. , García‐Monzón Carmelo , González‐Rodríguez Águeda , Mosteiro Lorena , Errazti Gaizka , Mifsut Patricia , Gaztambide Sonia , Castaño Luis , Martin Cesar , Nogueiras Rubén , Martinez‐Chantar María L. , Syn Wing‐Kin , Aspichueta Patricia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN), a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype factor, is increased in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cellular senescence has been associated with age‐dependent hepatosteatosis. Thus, we investigated the role of OPN in the age‐related hepatosteatosis. For this, human serum samples, animal models of aging, and cell lines in which senescence was induced were used. Metabolic fluxes, lipid, and protein concentration were determined. Among individuals with a normal liver, we observed a positive correlation between serum OPN levels and increasing age. This correlation with age, however, was absent in patients with NAFLD. In wild‐type (WT) mice, serum and liver OPN were increased at 10 months old (m) along with liver p53 levels and remained elevated at 20m. Markers of liver senescence increased in association with synthesis and concentration of triglycerides (TG) in 10m OPN‐deficient (KO) hepatocytes when compared to WT hepatocytes. These changes in senescence and lipid metabolism in 10m OPN‐KO mice liver were associated with the decrease of 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78), induction of ER stress, and the increase in fatty acid synthase and CD36 levels. OPN deficiency in senescent cells also diminished GRP78, the accumulation of intracellular TG, and the increase in CD36 levels. In 20m mice, OPN loss led to increased liver fibrosis. Finally, we showed that OPN expression in vitro and in vivo was regulated by p53. In conclusion, OPN deficiency leads to earlier cellular senescence, ER stress, and TG accumulation during aging. The p53‐OPN axis is required to inhibit the onset of age‐related hepatosteatosis.
Inbred Substrain Differences Influence Neuroimmune Response and Drinking Behavior
Authors: Warden Anna S. , DaCosta Adriana , Mason Sonia , Blednov Yuri A. , Mayfield Roy Dayne , Harris Robert Adron 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe inbred mouse strain C57BL/6 is widely used in both models of addiction and immunological disease. However, there are pronounced phenotypic differences in ethanol (EtOH) consumption and innate immune response between C57BL/6 substrains. The focus of this study was to examine the effects of substrain on innate immune response and neuroimmune‐induced escalation of voluntary EtOH consumption. The main goal was to identify whether substrain differences in immune response can account for differences in EtOH behavior.MethodsWe compared acute innate immune response with a viral dsRNA mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), in brain using qRT‐PCR in both C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice. Next, we used a neuroimmune model of escalation using poly(I:C) to compare drinking behavior between substrains. Finally, we compared brain neuroimmune response with both EtOH and repeated poly(I:C) in both substrains as a way to account for differences in EtOH behavior.ResultsWe found that C57BL/6 substrains have differing immune response and drinking behaviors. C57BL/6N mice have a shorter but more robust inflammatory response to acute poly(I:C). In contrast, C57BL/6J mice have a smaller but longer‐lasting acute immune response to poly(I:C). In our neuroimmune‐induced escalation model, C57BL/6J mice but not C57BL/6N mice escalate EtOH intake after poly(I:C). Finally, only C57BL/6J mice show enhanced proinflammatory transcript abundance after poly(I:C) and EtOH, suggesting that longer‐lasting immune responses are critical to neuroimmune drinking phenotypes.ConclusionsAltogether, this work has elucidated additional influences that substrain has on both innate immune response and drinking phenotypes. Our observations highlight the importance of considering and reporting the source and background used for production of transgenic and knockout mice. These data provide further evidence that genetic background must be carefully considered when investigating the role of neuroimmune signaling in EtOH abuse.
Endothelial cells and angiogenesis in the horse in health and disease—A review
Authors: Rieger Juliane , Kaessmeyer Sabine , Al Masri Salah , Hünigen Hana , Plendl Johanna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cardiovascular system is the first functional organ in the embryo, and its blood vessels form a widespread conductive network within the organism. Blood vessels develop de novo, by the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (vasculogenesis) or by angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the horse including studies on equine endothelial cells. Principal study fields in equine angiogenesis research were identified: equine endothelial progenitor cells; equine endothelial cells and angiogenesis (heterogeneity, markers and assessment); endothelial regulatory molecules in equine angiogenesis; angiogenesis research in equine reproduction (ovary, uterus, placenta and conceptus, testis); angiogenesis research in pathological conditions (tumours, ocular pathologies, equine wound healing, musculoskeletal system and laminitis). The review also includes a table that summarizesin vitrostudies on equine endothelial cells, either describing the isolation procedure or using previously isolated endothelial cells. A particular challenge of the review was that results published are fragmentary and sometimes even contradictory, raising more questions than they answer. In conclusion, angiogenesis is a major factor in several diseases frequently occurring in horses, but relatively few studies focus on angiogenesis in the horse. The challenge for the future is therefore to continue exploring new therapeutic angiogenesis strategies for horses to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle.
Tape strips from early‐onset pediatric atopic dermatitis highlight disease abnormalities in nonlesional skin
Authors: Pavel Ana B. , Renert‐Yuval Yael , Wu Jianni , Del Duca Ester , Diaz Aisleen , Lefferdink Rachel , Fang Milie M. , Canter Talia , Rangel Stephanie M. , Zhang Ning , Krueger James G. , Paller Amy S. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin biopsies promote our understanding of atopic dermatitis/AD pathomechanisms in infants/toddlers with early‐onset AD, but are not feasible in pediatric populations. Tape strips are an emerging, minimally invasive alternative, but global transcriptomic profiling in early pediatric AD is lacking. We aimed to provide global lesional and nonlesional skin profiles of infants/toddlers with recent‐onset, moderate‐to‐severe AD using tape strips.MethodsSixteen tape strips were collected for RNA‐seq profiling from 19 infants/toddlers (<5 years old; lesional and nonlesional) with early‐onset moderate‐to‐severe AD (≤6 months) and 17 healthy controls.ResultsWe identified 1829 differentially expressed genes/DEGs in lesional AD and 662 DEGs in nonlesional AD, vs healthy skin (fold‐change ≥2, FDR <0.05), with 100% sample recovery. Both lesional and nonlesional skin showed significant dysregulations of Th2 (CCL17 and IL4R) and Th22/Th17 (IL36G, CCL20, and S100As)‐related genes, largely lacking significant Th1‐skewing. Significant down‐regulation of terminal differentiation (FLG and FLG2), lipid synthesis/metabolism (ELOVL3 and FA2H), and tight junction (CLDN8) genes were primarily seen in lesional AD. Significant negative correlations were identified between Th2 measures and epidermal barrier gene‐subsets and individual genes (FLG with IL‐4R and CCL17; r < −0.4, P < .05). Significant correlations were also identified between clinical measures (body surface area/BSA, pruritus ADQ, and transepidermal water loss/TEWL) with immune and barrier mRNAs in lesional and/or nonlesional AD (FLG/FLG2 with TEWL; r < −0.4, P < .05).ConclusionRNA‐seq profiling using tape strips in early‐onset pediatric AD captures immune and barrier alterations in both lesional and nonlesional skin. Tape strips provide insight into disease pathomechanisms and cutaneous disease activity.
A new pathophysiology in heart failure patients
Authors: Sciomer Susanna , Rellini Carlotta , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Moscucci Federica 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the treatment of patients with severe heart failure, left ventricle assist device plays an important role, especially as a destination therapy. Nevertheless, even in successful cases, patients’ progressive weaning is rarely taken into consideration. The recovery of more physiological circulation conditions is not a main goal. This hypothesis is discussed in this article.
Review article: the impact of liver‐directed therapies on the atherogenic risk profile in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Connelly Margery A. , Velez Rivera Jonathan , Guyton John R. , Siddiqui Mohammad Shadab , Sanyal Arun J. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundPatients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of chronic liver disease, are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated mortality. Therefore, it is important to understand how new therapies for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may impact CVD risk factors in these patients.AimsTo summarise the effects of drug therapies on lipid and lipoprotein levels in patients with NASH and provide insight into the potential mechanisms for the observed changes.MethodsPubMed searches of the literature were performed and results were compiled.ResultsRecent clinical trials have highlighted the safety and efficacy of drug candidates for the treatment of NASH. Several agents have shown improvements in the histological features of NASH and liver function. Pioglitazone, a drug that is currently available for type 2 diabetes and may be useful for NASH, exhibits beneficial effects on lipids. However, agents such as farnesoid X receptor agonists, which are in development for NASH, may adversely affect circulating lipids and lipoproteins.ConclusionsNASH is a multi‐system disease with a disproportionate CVD burden. Current and future drugs for NASH have had variable impact on the atherogenic risk profile. Potential co‐administration of a statin may help mitigate the negative impact of some of these therapies on lipid and lipoprotein levels.
Appropriate traction can help identify the optimal dissectable layer for infrapyloric lymph node dissection in laparoscopic gastrectomy
Authors: Miura Susumu , Hosogi Hisahiro , Kawada Hironori , Ito Takeshi , Okada Toshihiro , Okumura Shintaro , Shimoike Norihiro , Akagawa Shin , Yamaura Tadayoshi , Yoshimura Fumihiro , Kanaya Seiichiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionAppropriate dissection of the infrapyloric lymph nodes (no. 6 LNs) is important in gastric cancer surgery. In laparoscopic surgery, dissection of the no. 6 LNs along the inner dissectable layer from the left side of patient has been reported. However, it is difficult for surgeons to provide appropriate traction with their left hand from the left side. To resolve this difficulty, we dissected the no. 6 LNs from the patient’s right side to identify the optimal layer. We then evaluated the oncologic reliability of the layer and the safety of this procedure.MethodsFrom the patient’s right side, the surgeon used their left hand to provide appropriate traction when pulling the adipose tissue, including the no. 6 LNs. This exposed the optimal layer between the adipose tissue and the pancreas. To assess this maneuver, the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy from April 2011 to March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical outcomes included the number of the no. 6 LNs resected, time to dissect the no. 6 LNs, incidence of pancreatic complications, and recurrence in the no. 6 LNs.ResultsThere were 112 patients identified. The median number of the no. 6 LNs resected was five. The median time to dissect the no. 6 LNs was 14 minutes. Four patients developed pancreatic fistula, and another four patients developed intra‐abdominal abscess. There was no recurrence in the no. 6 LNs.ConclusionThe optimal layer was oncologically reliable, and these procedures were safe.
The phenotypic characteristics and relational database for Vietnamese native pig populations
Authors: Ishihara Shinya , Yamasaki Fukuhiro , Ninh Pham Hai , Dinh Nguyen Cong , Arakawa Aisaku , Taniguchi Masaaki , Cuc Ngo Thi Kim , Mikawa Satoshi , Takeya Masaru , Kikuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough there are a number of Vietnamese native pig (VnP) populations, some are on the verge of extinction, and therefore adequate management and conservation are necessary. In this study, we conducted a field survey of VnP populations and analyzed interrelationships among their characteristics. We also established a relational database for management of field data on these populations. For data collection, we conducted interviews with farmers and visual inspection of 32 VnP populations in 22 provinces of Vietnam, as well as taking photographs of individual animals. Data on the characteristics of VnP populations were subjected to multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). For establishment of the database, normalization and table partitioning were performed to eliminate redundancy and ensure consistency of the collected data items. Passport data, characteristics data, and image data were collected from a total of 1,918 VnPs and entered as a normalized table. Upon MCA, most of the populations were not separated from each other, but the Mong Cai, O Lam, and Chu Prong populations were separated from the other populations. Thus, we have constructed a relational database from comprehensive information on the characteristics of VnP populations.
Harmonizing and improving European education in prescribing: An overview of digital educational resources used in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Authors: Bakkum Michiel J. , Tichelaar Jelle , Papaioannidou Paraskevi , Likic Robert , Sanz Alvarez Emilio J. , Christiaens Thierry , Costa João N. , Mačiulaitis Romaldas , Dima Lorena , Coleman Jamie , Richir Milan C. , van Agtmael Michiel A. ,   for the Education Working Group of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (EACPT) and its affiliated Network of Teachers in Pharmacotherapy (NOTIP)
Published: July 2020

AimImprovement and harmonization of European clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education is urgently required. Because digital educational resources can be easily shared, adapted to local situations and re‐used widely across a variety of educational systems, they may be ideally suited for this purpose.MethodsWith a cross‐sectional survey among principal CPT teachers in 279 out of 304 European medical schools, an overview and classification of digital resources was compiled.ResultsTeachers from 95 (34%) medical schools in 26 of 28 EU countries responded, 66 (70%) of whom used digital educational resources in their CPT curriculum. A total of 89 of such resources were described in detail, including e‐learning (24%), simulators to teach pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics (10%), virtual patients (8%), and serious games (5%). Together, these resources covered 235 knowledge‐based learning objectives, 88 skills, and 13 attitudes. Only one third (27) of the resources were in‐part or totally free and only two were licensed open educational resources (free to use, distribute and adapt). A narrative overview of the largest, free and most novel resources is given.ConclusionDigital educational resources, ranging from e‐learning to virtual patients and games, are widely used for CPT education in EU medical schools. Learning objectives are based largely on knowledge rather than skills or attitudes. This may be improved by including more real‐life clinical case scenarios. Moreover, the majority of resources are neither free nor open. Therefore, with a view to harmonizing international CPT education, more needs to be learned about why CPT teachers are not currently sharing their educational materials.
Combination of pegylated interferon-alpha and nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment enhances the activity of natural killer cells in nucleos(t)ide analogue experienced chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Pang X , Zhang L , Liu N , Liu B , Chen Z , Li H , Chen M , Peng M , Ren H , Hu P 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA combination of pegylated interferon-alpha (peg-IFN-α) and nucleos(t)ides analogue (NA) therapy can effectively reduce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), especially in NA-experienced chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. However, the immune mechanism of this therapy is unclear. Forty NA-experienced CHB patients were enrolled into this study. The frequencies of peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, T helper (Th) cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), B cells and follicular T helper (Tfh) cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Seven of the 40 patients converted to peg-IFN-α combined with NA treatment, while the other 33 continued to NA therapy. The decrease in HBsAg was more pronounced in the combination treatment group, and only patients receiving combination treatment achieved HBsAg loss. The frequency and absolute number of CD56bright NK cells in the combination treatment group increased significantly compared with the NA treatment group, whereas the CD56dim NK cells were decreased. In the NA treatment group, the proportions of CD4+ TN, CD8+ TN, CD19+ B and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)+CD4+ T cells were increased, while the proportions of CD4+ TEM, CD8+ TEM, CD25+CD4+ Treg, CD25highCD4+ Treg, CD127lowCD25+ Treg, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)+CD4+ T, PD-1+CD8+ T, CTLA-4+CD8+ T, CCR4+CD25+ Treg and CCR4+CD25high Treg cells were decreased after therapy. For NA-experienced CHB patients who achieved low HBsAg levels, combination treatment is more likely to result in HBsAg decline and HBsAg clearance by increasing the activity of CD56brightNK cells.
Epigenetic alterations in Sjögren's syndrome patient saliva
Authors: Karagianni P , Goules A V , Tzioufas A G 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Extensive alterations in DNA methylation have been described in minor salivary gland (MSG) epithelial cells and lymphocytes derived from SS patients compared to sicca controls. In an effort to identify novel potential epigenetic markers that could prove useful in diagnosis and disease monitoring, we explored whether DNA methylation differences can also be detected in saliva from SS patients compared to sicca controls. We performed DNA methylation analysis by methylation-sensitive restriction digestion followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of selected genomic loci in saliva samples of 16 SS patients and 10 sicca controls with negative MSG biopsy. We identified reduced DNA methylation of the imprinting control region (ICR) of the H19 locus in SS patient saliva compared to sicca controls. Levels of saliva H19 ICR methylation were negatively correlated with C4 serum complement levels. Consistent with the reduced methylation of the ICR, H19 RNA levels were increased in SS patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), while no significant change was observed in MSG H19 RNA levels compared to sicca controls. Our findings support that H19 ICR methylation could be a useful molecular epigenetic marker in monitoring patients with SS, highlighting saliva as a valuable biological sample in SS research and clinical practice. The role of H19 in SS pathogenesis remains to be addressed.