bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effect of magnetite iron oxide particles size on cytotoxicity in A549 cell line
Authors: Rafieepour Athena , Azari Mansour R , Peirovi Habibollah , Khodagholi Fariba , Jaktaji Jalal Pourahmad , Mehrabi Yadollah , Naserzadeh Parvaneh , Mohammadian Yousef 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Magnetite as iron oxide is widely used in various industries, in the pharmaceutical industry in particular where it is used for its magnetic properties. The environmental and occupational exposure to airborne nanoparticles and microparticles of iron oxide compounds have been reported. Since authors have reported contradictory results, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of particles’ size in their toxicities. Methods: The human cell line A549 was exposed with magnetite iron oxide in two size categories of micro (≥5 µm) and nano (<100 nm), with four concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 250 µg/ml at two time periods of 24 and 72 h. The cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and incidence of apoptosis were studied. Results: Nano and micro magnetite particles demonstrated diverse toxicity effects on the A549 cell line at the 24- and 72-h exposure periods; however, the effects produced were time- and concentration-dependent. Nano magnetite particles produced greater cellular toxicities in forms of decreased viabilities at concentration exposures greater than 50 µg/ml ( p < 0.05), along with increased ROS ( p < 0.05), decreased cellular membrane potential ( p < 0.05), and reduced rate of apoptosis ( p < 0.05). Discussion: The results of this study demonstrated that magnetite iron in nano-range sizes had a greater absorbability for the A549 cell line compared to micro sizes, and at the same time, nanoparticles were more toxic than microparticles, demonstrating higher production of ROS and decreased viabilities. Considering the greater toxicity of nanoparticles of magnetite iron in this study, thorough precautionary control measures must be taken before they can be used in various industries.
Outpatient specialist clinics for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in the Nordic countries
Authors: Kjellström Barbro , Ryftenius Henrik , Landenfelt‐Gestre Lise‐Lotte , Ivarsson Bodil 
Published: December 2019

Pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension are rare conditions that require complex interventions by multidisciplinary teams. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/the European Respiratory Society (ERS) 2015 guidelines included recommendations for pulmonary hypertension (PH) referral centers including minimum number of patients, staff, facilities, and network. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the PH‐specialist centers in the Nordic countries are presently organized. A descriptive, questionnaire was sent to all PH‐specialist centers in the Nordic countries in 2018. Sixteen of 20 PH‐specialist centers completed the questionnaire. Seven centers (43%) followed less than 50 patients and three centers (19%) followed 125 patients or more. All had a physician or nurse attending or available at the clinic and eight had support staff such as physiotherapists, counsellors, dieticians, or psychologists directly connected to the center. Twelve centers were available by telephone five days or more per week. Nine centers offered a nurse‐led outpatient clinic and of those, six had nurses delegated to make protocol‐led changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension‐specific treatment. Half of the centers had cooperation with a patient organization. All centers except one used international guidelines to guide care and treatment. More than half of the Nordic PH‐specialist centers adhered to the ESC/ERS 2015 guidelines recommendations for volumes and staff in 2018, but there is potential for improvement. However, when formulating recommendations of patient volumes in guidelines, the situation for the geographical large but sparsely populated Nordic countries needs to be considered.
Etched p-Type Si Nanowires for Efficient Ozone Decomposition
Authors: Li Xuan , Luo Linqu , Bi Yicheng , Wang Anqi , Chen Yunfa , Han Ning , Wang Fengyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigh concentration ozone can damage greatly to the respiratory, cardiovascular systems, and fertility of people, and catalytic decomposition is an important strategy to reduce its harm. However, it remains a challenge to develop efficient ozone decomposition catalysts with high efficiency. In this study, p- and n-type silicon nanowires (Si NWs) are fabricated by wet chemical etching method and are firstly applied to catalytic decompose ozone at room temperature. The p-type Si NWs exhibit 90% ozone (20 ppm O3/air) decomposition efficiency with great stability, which is much better than that of n-type Si NWs (50%) with same crystal orientation, similar diameter and specific surface area. The catalytic property difference is mainly attributed to the more delocalization holes in the p-type Si NWs, which can accelerate the desorption of ozone decomposition intermediates (i.e., adsorbed oxygen species).
Right main bronchus rupture associated with blunt chest trauma: a case report
Authors: Díaz Carime , Carvajal Daniel F. , Morales Eliana I. , Sangiovanni Saveria , Fernández-Trujillo Liliana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Tracheobronchial injury is one of the least common injuries in the scenario of blunt chest trauma. However, around 81% of patients with airway injury die immediately or before arriving at the emergency department due to tension pneumothorax. It presents with non-specific signs and symptoms challenging prompt diagnosis.

Case presentation
A 15-year-old adolescent who was riding a bicycle suffered an accident when he fell down a cliff, approximately 5 m deep. Upon admission to the emergency department, he presented with signs of respiratory distress. The airway was secured and a thoracoabdominal angiography was performed. The image reported pneumomediastinum, a small right pneumothorax, areas of pulmonary contusion, and an image of loss of continuity in the anterior superior wall of the right main bronchus highly suggestive of bronchial rupture. The bronchial lesion was then confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Taking into account the patient’s characteristics, conservative management was chosen, and the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) where protective tracheal intubation was performed.

Conclusions
A delay in diagnosis increases the rate of complications, mainly infectious complications and the formation of granulation tissue that could potentially obstruct the airway, impacting the patient’s outcome. The first step in the management of these patients is securing the airway, which should be done immediately. The gold standard for the diagnosis and characterization of airway injuries is bronchoscopy as it is the most effective tool to assess topography, extent, and depth of the lesion.
Insufficient risk assessment of herbicide-tolerant genetically engineered soybeans intended for import into the EU
Authors: Miyazaki Juliana , Bauer-Panskus Andreas , Bøhn Thomas , Reichenbecher Wolfram , Then Christoph 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe introduction of herbicide-tolerant (HT) genetically engineered (GE) soybeans has raised new challenges for the European risk assessment of imported food and feed. Food and feed products derived from these plants may show specific patterns of chemical residues and altered nutritional composition. Furthermore, there has been a substantial increase in the usage of herbicides in soybean production due to the emergence of resistant weeds. This concerns particular glyphosate-based herbicides and also other herbicides. In this review, we give an overview of available data regarding glyphosate application on HT GE soybeans in North and South America. We have further compared this data with herbicide applications in experimental field trials conducted by the industry. We conclude that field trials carried out for risk assessment purposes do not generally represent the real agronomic conditions in commercial HT GE plant cultivation. In most cases, neither the applied dose nor the number of applications match real conditions. This finding is especially relevant for risk assessment since a review of relevant publications shows that the amount and timing of spraying glyphosate as a complementary herbicide onto HT GE plants can impact their composition; this is relevant to EFSA comparative risk assessment of GMOs. Further, closely related issues were identified that overlap with EU GMO and pesticide regulation, but are not currently considered. These issues concern indirect, cumulative and combinatorial effects as well as the assessment of mixed toxicity. Consequently, current risk assessment practice for HT GE plants cannot be considered to fulfil EU regulatory standards which require the safety of food and feed to be demonstrated. It is much more likely that concerns about the health risks of HT GE plant material used for food and feed have been underestimated. We therefore conclude that the EU risk assessment of food and feed derived from HT GE plants needs substantial improvement.
A correlation-based network for biomarker discovery in obesity with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Chen Pin-Yen , Cripps Allan W. , West Nicholas P. , Cox Amanda J. , Zhang Ping 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Obesity is associated with chronic activation of the immune system and an altered gut microbiome, leading to increased risk of chronic disease development. As yet, no biomarker profile has been found to distinguish individuals at greater risk of obesity-related disease. The aim of this study was to explore a correlation-based network approach to identify existing patterns of immune-microbiome interactions in obesity.

Results
The current study performed correlation-based network analysis on five different datasets obtained from 11 obese with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 12 healthy weight men. These datasets included: anthropometric measures, metabolic measures, immune cell abundance, serum cytokine concentration, and gut microbial composition. The obese with MetS group had a denser network (total number of edges, n = 369) compared to the healthy network (n = 299). Within the obese with MetS network, biomarkers from the immune cell abundance group was found to be correlated to biomarkers from all four other datasets. Conversely in the healthy network, immune cell abundance was only correlated with serum cytokine concentration and gut microbial composition. These observations suggest high involvement of immune cells in obese with MetS individuals. There were also three key hubs found among immune cells in the obese with MetS networks involving regulatory T cells, neutrophil and cytotoxic cell abundance. No hubs were present in the healthy network.

Conclusion
These results suggest a more complex interaction of inflammatory markers in obesity, with high connectivity of immune cells in the obese with MetS network compared to the healthy network. Three key hubs were identified in the obese with MetS network, involving Treg, neutrophils and cytotoxic cell abundance. Compared to a t-test, the network approach offered more meaningful results when comparing obese with MetS and healthy weight individuals, demonstrating its superiority in exploratory analysis.
Mating precedes selective immune priming which is maintained throughout bumblebee queen diapause
Authors: Colgan Thomas J. , Finlay Sive , Brown Mark J. F. , Carolan James C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to unfavourable conditions is a fundamental question in ecology and evolutionary biology. One such mechanism is diapause, a period of dormancy typically found in nematodes, fish, crustaceans and insects. This state is a key life-history event characterised by arrested development, suppressed metabolism and increased stress tolerance and allows an organism to avoid prolonged periods of harsh and inhospitable environmental conditions. For some species, diapause is preceded by mating which can have a profound effect on female behaviour, physiology and key biological processes, including immunity. However, our understanding of how mating impacts long-term immunity and whether these effects persist throughout diapause is currently limited. To address this, we explored molecular changes in the haemolymph of the ecologically important pollinator, the buff-tailed bumblebeeBombus terrestris.B. terrestrisqueens mate prior to entering diapause, a non-feeding period of arrested development that can last 6–9 months. Using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, we quantified changes in the pre-diapause queen haemolymph after mating, as well as the subsequent protein expression of mated queens during and post-diapause.ResultsOur analysis identified distinct proteome profiles associated with diapause preparation, maintenance and termination. More specifically, mating pre-diapause was followed by an increase in the abundance of antimicrobial peptides, key effectors of the immune system. Furthermore, we identified the elevated abundance of these proteins to be maintained throughout diapause. This finding was in contrast to the general reduction observed in immune proteins during diapause suggestive of selective immune priming and expression during diapause. Diapause also affected the expression of proteins involved in cuticular maintenance, olfaction, as well as proteins of unknown function, which may have roles in diapause regulation.ConclusionsOur results provide clear molecular evidence for the consequences and benefits of mating at the immune level as it precedes the selective increased abundance of antimicrobial peptides that are sustained throughout diapause. In addition, our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which bumblebees prepare for, survive, and recover from diapause, insights that may have implications for our general understanding of these processes in other insect groups.
miR-380-3p regulates melanogenesis by targeting SOX6 in melanocytes from alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Liu Xuexian , Du Bin , Zhang Pengqian , Zhang Junzhen , Zhu Zhiwei , Liu Bo , Fan Ruiwen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Melanocytes are derived from neural crest stem cells in the embryonic stage. In mature melanocytes, a series of complex enzyme-catalyzed reactions leads to the production of melanins, which determine the hair and skin colors of animals. The process of melanogenesis is complex and can be regulated by mRNA, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) genes. MiRNAs are a type of endogenous noncoding RNA approximately 22 nt in size that predominantly regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation. miR-380-3p is a candidate miRNA potentially related to melanogenesis. To better understand the mechanism of miR-380-3p melanogenesis regulation, plasmids to overexpress or knockdown miR-380-3p were transfected into alpaca melanocytes, and their effects on melanogenesis were evaluated.

Results
In situ hybridization identified a positive miR-380-3p signal in alpaca melanocyte cytoplasm. Luciferase activity assays confirmed that SOX6 is targeted by miR-380-3p. miR-380-3p overexpression and knockdown in alpaca melanocytes respectively downregulated and upregulated SOX6 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, miR-380-3p overexpression and knockdown, respectively, in alpaca melanocytes decreased and increased the mRNA levels of melanin transfer-related genes, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosine-related protein-1 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT). In contrast, miR-380-3p overexpression and knockdown respectively increased and decreased the mRNA levels of β-catenin. Additionally, the effect of miR-380-3p on melanogenesis was assessed by Masson-Fontana melanin staining.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated that miR-380-3p targeted SOX6 to regulate melanogenesis by influencing β-catenin and MITF transcription and translation, which reduced the expression of downstream genes, including TYR, TYRP1, and DCT. These results provide insights into the mechanisms through which miR-380-3p controls melanogenesis.
Diversity and bioactivities of fungal endophytes from Distylium chinense, a rare waterlogging tolerant plant endemic to the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Duan Xiaoxiang , Xu Fangfang , Qin Dan , Gao Tiancong , Shen Weiyun , Zuo Shihao , Yu Baohong , Xu Jieru , Peng Yajun , Dong Jinyan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The present study involves diversity and biological activities of the endophytic fungal community from Distylium chinense, a rare waterlogging tolerant plant endemic to the Three Gorges Reservoir. This study has been conducted hypothesizing that the microbial communities in the TGR area would contribute to the host plant tolerating a range of abiotic stress such as summer flooding, infertility, drought, salinity and soil erosion etc., and they may produce new metabolites, which may possess plentiful bioactive property, especially antioxidant activity. Therefore in the current study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of 154 endophytes recovered from D. chinense have been investigated. Furthermore, the active metabolites of the most broad-spectrum bioactive strain have also been studied.

Results
A total of 154 fungal endophytes were isolated from roots and stems. They were categorized into 30 morphotypes based on cultural characteristics and were affiliated with 27 different taxa. Among these, the most abundant fungal orders included Diaporthales (34.4%) and Botryosphaeriales (30.5%), which were predominantly represented by the species Phomopsis sp. (24.7%) and Neofusicoccum parvum (23.4%). Fermentation extracts were evaluated, screening for antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Among the 154 isolates tested, 99 (64.3%) displayed significant antioxidant activity, 153 (99.4%) exhibited inclusive antimicrobial activity against at least one tested microorganism and 27 (17.5%) showed exclusive anticancer activity against one or more cancer cell lines. Specifically, the crude extract of Irpex lacteus DR10–1 exhibited note-worthy bioactivities. Further chemical investigation on DR10–1 strain resulted in the isolation and identification of two known bioactive metabolites, indole-3-carboxylic acid (1) and indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2), indicating their potential roles in plant growth promotion and human medicinal value.

Conclusion
These results indicated that diverse endophytic fungal population inhabits D. chinense. One of the fungal isolate DR10–1 (Irpex lacteus) exhibited significant antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. Further, its active secondary metabolites 1 and 2 also showed antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential.
Severe gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by malnourishment can be partly restored during 3 weeks of refeeding with fortified corn-soy-blend in a piglet model of childhood malnutrition
Authors: Leng Bingfeng , Sørensen Maria B. , Kot Witold , Thymann Thomas , Krych Lukasz , Nielsen Dennis S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Childhood malnutrition is a global health challenge associated with multiple adverse consequences, including delayed maturation of the gut microbiota (GM) which might induce long-term immune dysfunction and stunting. To understand GM dynamics during malnutrition and subsequent re-feeding, we used a piglet model with a malnutrition-induced phenotype similar to humans. Piglets were weaned at the age of 4 weeks, fed a nutritionally optimal diet for 1 week post-weaning before being fed a pure maize diet for 7 weeks to induce symptoms of malnutrition. After malnourishment, the piglets were re-fed using different regimes all based on general food aid products, namely Corn-Soy blend (CSB) fortified with phosphorus (CSB+), CSB fortified with phosphorus and skim milk powder (CSB++) and CSB fortified with phosphorus and added whey permeate (CSB + P).

Results
Malnourishment had profound impact on the GM of the piglets leading to a less diverse GM dominated especially by Akkermansia spp. as determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. All three re-feeding regimes partly restored GM, leading to a more diverse GM compositionally closer to that of well-nourished piglets. This effect was even more pronounced for CSB++ compared to CSB+ and CSB + P.

Conclusion
The GM of piglets were profoundly disturbed by malnourishment resulting in significantly increased abundance of Akkermansia spp. CSB++ may have superior effect on recovering GM diversity compared to the two other food aid products used in this study.
CtcS, a MarR family regulator, regulates chlortetracycline biosynthesis
Authors: Kong Lingxin , Liu Jia , Zheng Xiaoqing , Deng Zixin , You Delin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Chlortetracycline (CTC) is one of the commercially important tetracyclines (TCs) family product and is mainly produced by Streptomyces. CTC is still in a great demand due to its broad-spectrum activity against pathogens. Engineering transcriptional control allows the cell to allocate its valuable resources towards protein production and provides an important method for the build-up of desired metabolites. Despite extensive efforts concerning transcriptional regulation for increasing the productivities of TCs, the regulatory mechanisms of the CTC biosynthesis remain poorly understood.

Results
In this study, the possible regulatory function of CtcS, a potential member of MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance regulator) family of transcriptional regulators in S. aureofaciens F3, was demonstrated. Knockdown of ctcS altered the transcription of several biosynthesis-related genes and reduced the production of tetracycline (TC) and CTC, without obvious effect on morphological differentiation and cell growth. Especially, CtcS directly repressed the transcription of the adjacent divergent gene ctcR (which encodes a putative TC resistance efflux protein). A CtcS-binding site was identified within the promoter region of ctcR by DNase I footprinting and an inverted repeat (5′-CTTGTC-3′) composed of two 6-nt half sites in the protected region was found. Moreover, both CTC and TC could attenuate the binding activity of CtcS with target DNA.

Conclusion
ctcS regulated the production of TC and CTC in S. aureofaciens F3 and the overexpression of it could be used as a simple approach for the construction of engineering strain with higher productivity. Meanwhile, CtcS was characterized as a TC- and CTC-responsive MarR family regulator. This study provides a previously unrecognized function of CtcS and will benefit the research on the regulatory machinery of the MarR family regulators.
Conservative management of trachea-to-innominate artery transfixion with a guidewire during percutaneous tracheostomy: a case report
Authors: Varelli Giancarlo , Cioni Roberto , Casagli Sergio , Cervelli Rosa , Brusasco Claudia , Forfori Francesco , Corradi Francesco 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Tracheostomy is a standard procedure in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation or airway protection for extended periods. The main cause of death is haemorrhage, most commonly owing to a trachea-to-innominate artery fistula, usually requiring surgical treatment.

Case presentation
Here we report the case of an 83-yr-old woman with a subarachnoid haemorrhage, who incurred a trachea-to-innominate artery transfixion following percutaneous tracheostomy, successfully and conservatively managed by interventional radiology.

Conclusions
The use of peri-procedural ultrasound examination of the neck can reduce the risk of complications related to vessel anatomical variants. When the tracheostomy is complicated by bleeding, the procedure should be stopped in order to diagnose the vascular iatrogenic injury and to evaluate the best therapeutic approach by a multidisciplinary team.