bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation analysis of sewage removal rate and microbial quantity in plateau environment
Authors: Hao Kaiyue , Zong Yongchen , Li Yuanwei , Huang Decai , Duan Xiaolong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Based on A2O process in plateau environment, the correlation between the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), the total phosphorous (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4
+-N) in anaerobic tank, anoxic tank and aerobic tank and the quantity of indicator microorganisms was analyzed with temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) as working conditions, and the curve regression model of water removal rule and the optimal working conditions were obtained through SPSS analysis. The results showed that the removal rates of COD, TN, TP and NH4
+-N were positively and negatively correlated with some indicator microorganisms. The three sets of curve regression models passed the significance test. The DO and COD were cubic models, HRT and COD were quadratic models, HRT and NH4
+-N were S curve models. When DO is 2∼3 mg/L, the removal rate of COD can reach 87%. When HRT is 30∼40 h, the removal rate of COD can reach more than 90%, and the removal rate of NH4
+-N can reach more than 50%.
Numerical simulation on the outdoor thermal comfort in view of urban renewal: A case study of Changsha, China
Authors: Chen Yaping , Zheng Bohong , Tian Fangzhou 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Urban Renewal plays an important role in urban economic development and urban construction in China. A large number of cities are currently developing towards high-rise and high-density models which will affect microclimate. Firstly, it analysed the impact on urban wind and thermal environment during the removal and reconstruction of residential buildings using ENVI-met. Secondly, the correlation between wind and the thermal environment with building arrangement, building density, building height and green ratio in 7 ideal cases were studied. Thirdly, the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index was simulated by RayMan to assess thermal sensation. Finally, a case study of Changsha was simulated, where a factory was reconstructed to residential buildings. The results showed that 1) The redeveloped site will affect the neighbour outdoor thermal comfort within the range of 100m, and the impact will be insignificant beyond 100m. 2) During the daytime, higher building height and building density can result in 0.05°C-0.13°C lower PET value. 3) Green space is more effective than the residential area in cooling at night during the summer.
Application of optical-fiber sensing to concrete support and continuous wall strain monitoring
Authors: Qi Junqiang , Wang Baojun , Wang Xing , Song Zhanpu , Cui Zhendong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Optical-fiber sensing technologies are being theoretically and practically researched. These technologies, possessing linear and real-time properties, realize the sectional analysis of strain and temperature and improve point monitoring methods in deep foundation pit supporting systems. In this paper, a field experimental model of the deep foundation pit supporting system was designed in the subway station in Suzhou, China, which utilizes optical-fiber sensing technology. In this field experiment, conventional monitoring methods, namely steel-bar meters, inclinometer, and water-level observation hole were firstly employed for comparative study. Distributed optical-fiber sensors (DOFS) were employed at the same time based on Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA). The experimental results show that the DOFS can more comprehensively monitor the pit support system than the conventional methods. The fiber sensors data reflect the positive and negative strain distribution of the walls in a linear section and detect a leakage by analyzing abnormal data. The fiber sensors data response a linear increase of the axial strain with excavation depth, and a bending phenomenon is discovered by the data curves because of the excavation depth difference of the testing support. With temperature compensation, the fiber monitoring data are more accurate to the excavation result than the steel-bar does. Thus, the sensors can get a combined action function of steel-bar which used for testing axial force and temperature, inclinometer which used for testing wall horizontal displacement, and water-level observation holes with accurately monitoring data.
Characteristics and simulation study of ground fissure activities in Gaoliying, Beijing
Authors: Meng Zhenjiang , Fan Zhongjie , Fan Wendong , Qiao Jianwei , Leng Yanqiu , Wang Feiyong , Zhao Junyan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The ground fissures in Gaoliying, Beijing, has caused panic among local people, and also caused severe damage to buildings and public facilities in its affected area. This paper takes the ground fissures as the research prototype and reveals its development and activities characteristics by field investigation and trenching exploration; The Flac3D finite difference method has also been used to simulate and calculate the deformation and failure characteristics of model strata under different fault dislocations and varying descend amounts of groundwater level. The results show that the ground fissure in Gaoliying are linearly distributed and cause the destruction mainly by vertical dislocation and horizontal tension in the shallow strata; Moreover, the differential settlement of the upper and lower strata of the model near the fault increases with the increase of fault dislocation. Vertical displacement and stress of soils on both sides of the fault are quite different, and the difference increases with the decrease of groundwater level.
Clssification of flow standards of carbonate formation in Bereketli-Pirgui gas field
Authors: Xing Yuzhong , Guo Chunqiu , Cheng Muwei , Chen Pengyu , Shi Haidong , Yang Huiting 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate formation in Bereketli-Pirgui gas field as an example was selected. This paper describes three methods for quantitative division of flow standards based on parameters such as pore throat size, FZI’s(Flow Zone Index), storage capacity, and flow capacity. In this connection, the results can not only reflect the meter-scale heterogeneity of reservoirs around wellbore, but also meet the requirements of the minimum number of flow standards in reservoir numerical simulations.
Based on the measured data of core porosity and core permeability of Callovian-Oxfordian formation, rock types are firstly identified, then the main flow standards are determined according to the FZI, and finally the main hydraulic flow standards are divided in the stratigraphic framework according to the storage capacity and flow capacity. In comparison with the single factor flow standard classification method, this method can not only realize the classification of flow standards of different scales, but also help to compare different flow standards with each other in the sequence of stratigraphic framework.
The result indicates that Callovian-Oxfordian formation has 5 main rock types (i.e. micritic limestones, bioclastic microcrystalline limestones, sparry bioclastic limestones and algal limestones), 8 different flow standards (i.e. FU1-FU8) and 4 hydraulic flow standards (i.e., flow channel, storage-flow unit, storage unit and barrier unit). The classification results with different methods have a good agreement.
Study on the formation characteristic of microbubbles used in sewage treatment
Authors: Sun Lixia , Fan Mingxu , Xu Bo , Yu Huadong , Wang Yue , Zhang Yufeng , Li Peng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Microbubble usually has very small volume, and it is difficult to rise in the water, so it can be used to wrap ozone for sewage treatment. In the present study, the experiments of bubble formation in a mechanical microfluidic device are developed. The effect of liquid flow rate and gas pressure on bubble formation characteristic was obtained through experiments. By observing experimental phenomena, it can be concluded that bubble growth process can be divided into three stages, and the law of the detachment volume and formation frequency of microbubbles under single variable factor was investigated by the control variable method. The investigation of bubble formation characteristic can help to control bubble detachment volume and formation frequency precisely.
Preparation of Hawaii nut shell biochar/graphene sponge and study on uranium adsorption properties
Authors: Yu Shoufu , Wu Xiaoyan , He Peng , Liu Yong , Shi Keyou , Zhang Qiucai , Zhang Xiaowen , Li Mi , Lv Chunxue 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The composite sponge of Hawaii nut shell biochar and graphene oxide was prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol as three-dimensional composite carrier (BC/GO/PVA). The characterization analysis found that the composite sponge material has a good specific surface area of pore structure, and improved the plasticity of biochar, overcoming the stacking problem of graphene sheets, and proposed a reasonable material cross-linking composite mechanism. The optimum adsorption capacity and adsorption mechanism were analyzed by batch adsorption experiments. The results showed that the removal of uranium by BC/GO/PVA materials was beneficial under weakly acidic conditions. The maximum adsorption capacity of the experiment is 14.3 mg/g.
Analysis of Thermochemical Nonequilibrium Ablation Flow for a Hypersonic Hemispherical Nose
Authors: Shao Chun , Chen Yingchun , Zhang Miao , Shu Jun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The thermal protection materials enveloping hypersonic vehicles ablate. This paper develops a numerical methodology of thermochemical nonequilibrium flow and structure temperature field to study the key flow and structure parameters of a hypersonic hemispherical nose under the condition of carbon-based thermal protection material ablation. The multi-species chemical reaction model of flow field and the corresponding numerical algorithm are constructed. Oxidation and sublimation ablation process are considered in ablation model coupled with flow field solver by gas-solid interaction method. The computational results of a hemispherical nose indicate that carbon-based thermal protection material ablation has significant effects on thermochemical nonequilibrium flow. Details of the ablation flow characteristics are reported to highlight the influences of ablation on microcosmic reaction species and macroscopic flow parameters including shock wave position, pressure and temperature.
Design of an End-effector for Spacecraft Automatic Assembly Robot
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Chengli , Xie Fugui , Yi Wangmin , Meng Shaohua , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
With the increasing of large-weight equipment on spacecraft, the traditional assembly method using hoisting manual guidance has some shortcomings, such as poor flexibility, high risk of bumping, low assembly efficiency, etc. [1]. In recent years, robot assembly system has been widely used in spacecraft assembly process. End-effector is an important part of automatic assembly robot. In this paper, an end-effector for batch equipment installation with fast connection and fast release function was designed. Through simulation analysis and experimental verification, it proves that the end-effector has good performance and can meet the application requirements. It helps to raise efficiency and reduce cost for spacecraft assembly.
Research on Intelligent Grasping System of Monocular Vision Guided Manipulator
Authors: Jiabu Han , Saixuan Chen , Guohua Cui , Zhenyi Cheng , Shipei Li 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of how a cooperative robot can quickly and accurately locate and grasp the specified target work piece and avoid obstacles autonomously under the condition of man-machine cooperation and the variable position of the object to be grasped, a new method of robot arm grasping under the visual guidance of ROS system was proposed. Using ROS framework and tools, the color threshold algorithm in ROS-Opencv is used to realize the rapid recognition and positioning of grasping targets. Use the ROS-Moveit! The kinematics calculation, motion planning and obstacle avoidance of the manipulator are completed the relationship between the image coordinate system and the robot coordinate system is established by hand eye calibration technology. In addition, ROS tools can be used to obtain information such as the position and speed of each joint during the movement of the mechanical arm. Through experimental testing and data analysis, it is shown that the hand-eye system is accurate in calibration, object positioning, and the robot arm can accurately grasp the target object, which has certain practical application value.
Research on the Three-Dimensional Process Design Method of Shipbuilding Based on MBD Technology
Authors: Huang Y W , Tang Z Y , Zhang X H , Zhang H , Liu J F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
From two-dimensional engineering drawings, Computer-aided Design (CAD) technology to today’s three-dimensional process design technology of Model Based Definition (MBD) based on feature representation and control, great changes have taken place in human engineering technology. With the applications of MBD technology in aerospace, machine-tool and other fields, it’s also being actively explored in shipbuilding industry on engineering applications of the whole process of ship design and production under the background of intelligent transformation. After analysing the problems existed in process design of domestic shipbuilding enterprises, this paper firstly introduces a three-dimensional digital model of shipbuilding based on MBD technology. Then, a three-dimensional process design method is proposed in order to provide theoretical basis for the realization of three-dimensional process design of shipbuilding.
Design of Laser Marking Machine Product Family Based on Ethnography
Authors: Zhang Ziyao , Chen Jinglian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study analyzed the product family design elements of laser marking machine, and was aimed to improve the family image and market competitiveness of laser marking machine. From the perspective of ethnography, using the product family design method, this paper analyzed and summarized the psychological experience of different groups of people on the family design of laser marking machine products, and used the results as an important design reference in the design and development of laser marking machine. On the basis of this, this paper made a conclusion that the ethnographic method can effectively analyze the design flaws and future development direction of products for different groups of people, and provided guidance for product family design.
Mixing of passive tracers at the ocean surface and its implications for plastic transport modelling
Authors: Wichmann David , Delandmeter Philippe , Dijkstra Henk A , van Sebille Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The tracking of virtual particles is one of the main numerical tools to understand the global dispersion of marine plastic debris and has been successful in explaining the global-scale accumulation patterns of surface microplastic, often called ‘garbage patches’. Yet, the inherent inaccuracies in plastic input scenarios and ocean circulation model results produce uncertainties in particle trajectories, which amplify due to the chaotic property of the surface ocean flow. Within this chaotic system, the subtropical ‘garbage patches’ correspond to the attractor. These facts make the large scale surface ocean circulation a mixing dynamical system, which means that the information of a particle’s initial location is lost over time. We use mixing entropy and Markov chain mixing of the transfer operator associated with surface ocean transport to quantify the time scales of mixing for the global surface ocean in each subtropical basin. In the largest parts of all basins we find mixing times in the order of or below 10 years, which is lower than typical simulation times for surface plastic transport simulations. Maximum mixing times of more than 10 years are found in some parts of the North and South Pacific. Our results have important implications for global dispersion modelling of floating materials on the basin scale: precise initial information has little relevance for long term simulations, and there is a temporal limit after which the backtracking of particles is not meaningful any more.
Multifocal Extraprostatic Extension of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Farchoukh Lama , Laframboise William A , Nelson Joel B , Bastacky Sheldon , Parwani Anil V , Dhir Rajiv 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the prognostic utility of multifocal extraprostatic extension (EPE) on biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.MethodsWe conducted retrospective analysis of biochemical recurrence and prognostic pathologic variables in 673 men with stage pT3a/pT3b prostate cancer from 2000 to 2012. Extent of EPE on radical prostatectomy was divided into three groups: focal EPE (tumor dimension &lt;0.8 mm), established (≥ 0.8 mm), and multifocal (more than one focus of EPE &lt;0.8 mm).ResultsType of EPE had significant effect on recurrence with progressively lower progression-free probability and higher recurrence probability from focal to established to multifocal. Multifocal and established tumors exhibited worse prognostic features and higher hazard ratio than focal. In multivariate analysis, established and multifocal were independent prognostic factors with the greatest adverse prognostic significance associated with multifocal.ConclusionsIdentification of multifocal EPE provides important prognostic information associated with increased likelihood of recurrence compared to focal and established tumors.
Decomposition analysis on soybean productivity increase under elevated CO2 using 3-D canopy model reveals synergestic effects of CO2 and light in photosynthesis
Authors: Song Qingfeng , Srinivasan Venkatraman , Long Steve P , Zhu Xin-Guang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Understanding how climate change influences crop productivity helps in identifying new options to increase crop productivity. Soybean is the most important dicotyledonous seed crop in terms of planting area. Although the impacts of elevated atmospheric [CO2] on soybean physiology, growth and biomass accumulation have been studied extensively, the contribution of different factors to changes in season-long whole crop photosynthetic CO2 uptake [gross primary productivity (GPP)] under elevated [CO2] have not been fully quantified.

Methods
A 3-D canopy model combining canopy 3-D architecture, ray tracing and leaf photosynthesis was built to: (1) study the impacts of elevated [CO2] on soybean GPP across a whole growing season; (2) dissect the contribution of different factors to changes in GPP; and (3) determine the extent, if any, of synergism between [CO2] and light on changes in GPP. The model was parameterized from measurements of leaf physiology and canopy architectural parameters at the soybean Free Air CO2 Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility in Champaign, Illinois.

Key Results
Using this model, we showed that both a CO2 fertilization effect and changes in canopy architecture contributed to the large increase in GPP while acclimation in photosynthetic physiological parameters to elevated [CO2] and altered leaf temperature played only a minor role in the changes in GPP. Furthermore, at early developmental stages, elevated [CO2] increased leaf area index which led to increased canopy light absorption and canopy photosynthesis. At later developmental stages, on days with high ambient light levels, the proportion of leaves in a canopy limited by Rubisco carboxylation increased from 12.2 % to 35.6 %, which led to a greater enhancement of elevated [CO2] to GPP.

Conclusions
This study develops a new method to dissect the contribution of different factors to responses of crops under climate change. We showed that there is a synergestic effect of CO2 and light on crop growth under elevated CO2 conditions.
Interactive effects of salinity and inundation on native Spartina foliosa, invasive S. densiflora and their hybrid from San Francisco Estuary, California
Authors: Gallego-Tévar Blanca , Grewell Brenda J , Futrell Caryn J , Drenovsky Rebecca E , Castillo Jesús M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsSea level rise (SLR) associated with climate change is intensifying permanent submersion and salinity in salt marshes. In this scenario, hybridization between native and invasive species may result in hybrids having greater tolerance of abiotic stress factors than their parents. Thus, understanding the responses of native and invasive halophytes and their hybrids to interacting physiological stresses imposed by SLR is key to native species conservation. We analysed how salinity, inundation depth and their interaction impact the functional traits of native and invasive cordgrass species and their hybrid (genus Spartina; Poaceae).MethodsIn a mesocosm experiment, we evaluated interactive stress effects of three inundation depths (4.5, 35.5 and 55 cm) and four aqueous salinities (0.5, 10, 20 and 40 ppt) on 27 functional traits of native Spartina foliosa, invasive S. densiflora and their hybrid S. densiflora × S. foliosa from San Francisco Estuary.Key ResultsThe combined effect of salinity and inundation led to synergistic effects on leaf biochemical stress indicators. Spartina foliosa behaved as a stress-tolerant species, with high leaf sodium exudation rate and glycine betaine concentrations that also increased with stress. Spartina foliosa was less sensitive to salinity than S. densiflora and the hybrid but was highly growth-limited in response to increased inundation and salinity. Spartina densiflora was fast-growing in low-stress conditions and tolerated moderate interactive stresses. The hybrid produced more biomass, rhizome reserves and tillers than its parents, even under the most stressful conditions. Transgressivity improved the hybrid’s capacity to deal with flooding stress more so than its response to increasing salinity.ConclusionsBased on our observations, we predict that established populations of both native and invasive cordgrasses will experience reduced vegetative and sexual fitness in response to SLR. In particular, the combined effects of high salinity and deep inundation may decrease floret production in S. densiflora, a key trait for the spread of its invasive populations. In contrast, the hybrid likely will be able to sustain its invasiveness under SLR based on its ability to maintain growth and biomass production under stressful conditions.