bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot and bothered: The role of behaviour and microclimates in buffering species from rising temperatures
Authors: Senior Rebecca A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Focus: Bladon, A. J., Lewis, M., Bladon, E. K., Buckton, S. J., Corbett, S., Ewing, S. R., … Turner, E. C. (2020). How butterflies keep their cool: Physical and ecological traits influence thermoregulatory ability and population trends. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365‐2656.13319Threatened with rising average temperatures and the new normal of climate extremes, species that cannot keep pace with climate change must adapt where they are, or face extinction. The ranges of many British butterflies have indeed extended northwards as the climate has warmed, but this option is increasingly restricted by the expansion and intensification of urban and agricultural lands. On a day‐to‐day basis, butterflies can thermoregulate using behaviours such as adjusting their wing positioning or moving into suitable microclimates. The extent to which these two options buffer individuals from free‐air temperature, however, is not well known. Nor is the extent to which the different mechanisms are exploited by different species, and whether that has had any bearing on species' population trends over the time‐scale of recent climate change. Using a simple and easily replicated approach, Bladon et al. (2020) were able to quantify intra‐ and interspecific variation in buffering ability, and species' relative reliance on the two thermoregulatory mechanisms of wing adjustment versus microclimate selection. The authors report marked variation in buffering capacity, correlated with wing size, wing colouration and taxonomic family. Species also differed in their thermoregulatory behaviours, with some – such as the Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus and Large Skipper Ochlodes sylvanus—achieving impressive buffering through wing positioning. Others, like the Brown Argus Aricia agestis and Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus, were more reliant on microclimate selection, and these were the species most likely to have shown declining population trends over the past 40 years. The study underscores the importance of individual thermoregulatory behaviours for understanding species' vulnerability to climate change. In combination with much improved methods for measuring and modelling climate at biologically relevant scales, the approach of Bladon et al. (2020) can and should be extended to identify the places and species most at risk, and the steps that conservation practitioners can take to maximise resilience to climate change. Much attention has been given to improving habitat connectivity to facilitate range shifts, but we should also consider how microclimate availability can be enhanced to allow species to manage when they cannot move.
Strip‐Searching for Nationality Documents
Authors: Spalding Amanda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSection 51 of the UK's Immigration Act 2016 introduced a new power to conduct strip‐searches for nationality documents on those held in immigration detention or in prisons. Unlike in previous case law, the goal of this new power appears to be administrative efficiency, rather than safety and security. This article describes the wider legal context of the measure and analyses it from a human rights perspective. This includes an in‐depth examination of the administrative justification for this new power as well as a critical look at some of the issues with strip‐searching in practice.
Intrathecal autologous bone marrow stem cell therapy in children with autism: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sharifzadeh Narges , Ghasemi Ali , Tavakol Afshari Jalil , Moharari Fatemeh , Soltanifar Atefeh , Talaei Ali , Pouryousof Hamid Reza , Nahidi Mahsa , Fayyazi Bordbar Mohammad Reza , Ziaee Maliheh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of treatment with autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSCs) compared with the routine treatment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsIn this ethically approved randomized controlled trial, 32 ASD children aged 5‐15 years were randomly assigned to receive either autologous BMMSC plus rehabilitation therapy and risperidone (intervention group) or rehabilitation therapy and risperidone (control group). Autologous BMMSCs were intrathecally injected in the intervention group twice in 4 weeks. Patients were assessed using childhood autism rating scale (CARS), Gilliam autism rating scale‐second edition (GARS‐II), and clinical global impression (CGI) at the baseline, as well as 6 and 12 months after intervention.ResultsOverall, 32 patients in two groups of intervention (n = 14) and control (n = 18) completed the study, of which 27 (84.4%) were male. Mean age was 9.50 ± 2.14 years. The improvements in CARS total score, GARS‐II autism index, and CGI global improvement showed no significant differences between the groups over 12 months. However, the main effect for time*group interaction was significant regarding the CGI‐severity of illness, showing a significantly more pronounced improvement in the intervention group (F = 6.719; P = .002).DiscussionIntrathecal injection of autologous BMMSCs seems to be safe and feasible, but has limited clinical efficacy in treatment of children with ASD.
Extracellular vesicle‐associated organotropic metastasis
Authors: Mo Zhenzhen , Cheong Jia Yang Alex , Xiang Lirong , Le Minh T. N. , Grimson Andrew , Zhang Daniel Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetastasis refers to the progressive dissemination of primary tumour cells and their colonization of other tissues and is associated with most cancer‐related mortalities. The disproportional and systematic distribution pattern of distant metastasis in different cancers has been well documented, as is termed metastatic organotropism, a process orchestrated by a combination of anatomical, pathophysiological, genetic and biochemical factors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized cell‐derived membrane‐bound particles known to mediate intercellular communication, are now considered crucial in organ‐specific metastasis. Here, we review and summarize recent findings regarding EV‐associated organotropic metastasis as well as some of the general mechanisms by which EVs contribute to this important process in cancer and provide a future perspective on this emerging topic. We highlight studies that demonstrate a role of tumour‐derived EVs in organotropic metastasis via pre‐metastatic niche modulation. The bioactive cargo carried by EVs is of diagnostic and prognostic values, and counteracting the functions of such EVs may be a novel therapeutic strategy targeting metastasis. Further investigations are warranted to better understand the functions and mechanisms of EVs in organotropic metastasis and accelerate the relevant clinical translation.
Concomitant tacrolimus and ketorolac therapy in pediatric liver transplant recipients: Teaching old dogma new tricks
Authors: Chen Justin , Salerno David , Breslin Nadine , Chowdhury Tasnim , Lobritto Steven , Martinez Mercedes , Goldner Dana , Vittorio Jennifer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ketorolac, are effective analgesic medications, but concerns for nephrotoxicity have limited their role for pain control following pediatric liver transplantation (LT). Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and NSAIDs share a similar mechanism of nephrotoxicity, and concomitant administration is traditionally discouraged. A retrospective review of pediatric LT recipients was conducted between 1/1/2015 and 12/31/2019 at a single center. Patients were stratified based on receipt of ketorolac. The primary outcome was the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Secondary outcomes included serum creatinine, urine output, estimated glomerular filtration rate, bleeding incidence, oral morphine milligram equivalents, and hospital length of stay (LOS). The incidence of AKI was similar between the two groups with 25.8% of patients in the ketorolac group versus 29.2% of patients in the nonketorolac group (p = .475) meeting criteria in the first 10 days post‐transplant. Opioid requirements were less in the ketorolac group (p < .001), who also demonstrated shorter LOS compared with nonketorolac patients (p = .033). Concurrent CNI and ketorolac use did not result in an increased incidence of AKI in the early post‐LT period and resulted in significantly lower opioid requirements along with a decreased hospital LOS.
Diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration cytology and core biopsy histopathology with or without immunohistochemical staining in the subtyping of the non‐small cell lung carcinomas: Experience from an academic centre in Turkey
Authors: Bayrak Büşra Yaprak , Paksoy Nadir , Vural Çiğdem 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis retrospective morphological study compared the results of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, haematoxylin‐eosin (HE)‐stained samples and immunohistochemical (IHC)‐stained core needle biopsy (CNB) histology samples for primary non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtyping. We assessed the diagnostic utility of these methods to investigate the contribution of each method to NSCLC subtyping. We also identified the point at which NSCLC subtyping could be performed using histomorphology alone without IHC.MethodologyConcurrent FNA and CNB specimens obtained via a single computed tomography‐guided procedure and diagnosed as NSCLC in the Pathology Department of our university within 3 years were reviewed. The results of FNA samples, HE‐stained biopsies and IHC‐stained biopsies were compared according to subtype.ResultsA total of 141 subjects were enrolled in the study. For subtyping, FNA provided an accurate diagnosis in 70 (55.1%) of 127 eligible subjects after the exclusion of 14 cases determined as not otherwise specified. CNB histology without IHC achieved a diagnosis in 53 (41.7%) of 127 subjects, which was a significant difference (P < .05). The compatibility rate between HE‐stained biopsy samples and IHC‐stained biopsy samples was 41.7% (53/127).ConclusionThe diagnosis rates achieved using FNA, HE‐stained CNB samples and IHC‐stained CNB samples were 54.6% (77/141), 37.6% (53/141) and 90.1% (127/141), respectively. The subtype was identified in 55.1% of the subjects evaluated using FNA and 41.7% of subjects assessed using HE‐stained biopsy samples without IHC. FNA provided a better result for squamous cell carcinoma than adenocarcinoma (55.1% vs 47.6%), but the diagnosing of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma using HE‐stained biopsy samples was similar (42% vs 41.7%).
Erysiphe lespedezae causing powdery mildew on Bauhinia variegata, B. blakeana and Desmodium caudatum in Taiwan
Authors: Xiao Yi‐Ting , Wang Chao‐Jen , Huang Tung‐Chin , Shen Yuan‐Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn March 2020, symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on Bauhinia variegata, B. blakeana and Desmodium caudatum in Taiwan. The fungus was identified as Erysiphe lespedezae based on morphological characteristics of the anamorph and the molecular analysis of the rDNA ITS sequences. In the phylogenetic tree, the powdery mildews on Bauhinia spp. and D. caudatum were divided into two groups, suggesting that cryptic species may exist in E. lespedezae. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed record of E. lespedezae on the plants in Fabaceae in Taiwan.
Structural densification of lithium phosphoaluminoborate glasses
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Søndergaard Andreas L. S. , Youngman Randall E. , Rzoska Sylwester J. , Bockowski Michal , Jensen Lars R. , Smedskjaer Morten M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLithium aluminoborate glasses have recently been found to undergo dramatic changes in their short‐range structures upon compression at moderate pressure (~1 GPa), most notably manifested in an increase in network forming cation coordination number (CN). This has important consequences for their mechanical behavior, and to further understand the structural densification mechanisms of this glass family, we here study the effect of P2O5 incorporation in a lithium aluminoborate glass (with fixed Li/Al/B ratio) on the pressure‐induced changes in structure, density, and hardness. We find that P2O5 addition results in a more open and soft network, with P‐O‐Al and P‐O‐B bonding, a slightly smaller fraction of tetrahedral‐to‐trigonal boron, and an unchanged aluminum speciation. Upon compression, the cation‐oxygen CNs of both boron and aluminum increase systemically, whereas the number of bridging oxygens around phosphorous (Qn) decreases. The glasses with higher P2O5 content feature a larger decrease in Qn (P) upon compression, which leads to more non‐bridging oxygen that in turn fuel the larger increase in CN of B and Al for higher P2O5 content. We find that the CN changes of Al and B can account for a large fraction (around 50% at 2 GPa) of the total volume densification and that the extent of structural changes (so‐called atomic self‐adaptivity) scales well with the extent of volume densification and pressure‐induced increase in hardness.
Predicting Academic Success: A Longitudinal Study of University Design Students
Authors: Crowther Philip , Briant Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents a longitudinal study, over eleven years, of the academic progress of a cohort of design students (n = 475) at a major Australian university. The students were from four different spatial design disciplines: architecture, industrial design, interior design, and landscape architecture. The article identifies cognitive variables that may predict future academic success. This research uses regression analysis to identify correlations across a range of variables, in particular exploring the relationship between university entrance scores, subjects studied at school (art and graphics) and academic success as defined by university grade point average and time to completion. This study shows that prior knowledge in art and graphics is not a useful predictor of future academic success, while university entrance scores and first year performance are related to ongoing academic success. These results suggest that for the design disciplines explored here, discipline‐specific prior knowledge is not an important requirement for university entrance.
Validity and reliability of the ‘Leisure Participation Observation’ among adults with intellectual disabilities: A pilot study
Authors: Keller Aviva , Weintraub Naomi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with intellectual disabilities have decreased leisure participation, affecting their health and well‐being. Existing measures of leisure participation are primarily based on self‐ or proxy reports. This study describes the initial validity and reliability of Leisure Participation Observation (LPO), developed for individuals with ID.MethodTwo judge panels (N = 10 each) completed a table of specifications for content validity. Reliability of the LPO was established on 38 individuals with moderate ID 25–45 years old.ResultsThis study established the content validity of the LPO. Additionally, weighted kappa showed moderate–high statistically significant inter‐rater reliability (.667–.859, p < .01) and low–moderate, significant test–retest reliability, based on intraclass correlations (.226–.474, p < .05). Finally, results yielded moderate–high internal consistency (α = .74).ConclusionsThe LPO shows promise as an observation tool for assessing leisure participation in the moderate ID population that may serve as the basis for developing intervention programmes.
The role of artificial intelligence in cosmetic dermatology—Current, upcoming, and future trends
Authors: Elder Alexandra , Ring Christina , Heitmiller Kerry , Gabriel Zena , Saedi Nazanin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWithin the field of cosmetic dermatology, several promising developments utilize artificial intelligence to better patient care. While many new treatments in cosmetic dermatology feature components of artificial intelligence, there is a knowledge gap within the field regarding the current and developing products featuring AI. We aim to highlight current and developing applications of artificial intelligence in cosmetic dermatology and provide insight into future modalities in this field. Methods include literature review, including peer‐reviewed journal articles as well as product websites. In an age of medical and technological advancement, the utility of artificial intelligence models continues to grow.There are many new facets of artificial intelligence in cosmetic dermatology, marketed to both the consumer and the physician. With the development of customizable skin care, augmented reality applications, and at‐home skin analysis tools, patients are empowered to be the masters of their cosmetic care. Artificial intelligence is utilized by physicians in new ways in their practices, with the advent of models for prediction of clinical outcome to treatments and tools for in‐depth analysis of the patient's skin. Further research is required in the development of automated energy‐based treatment devices and robotic‐assisted treatments. Models for AI in cosmetic dermatology serve to increase patient involvement in their skin care decisions and have the ability to enhance the patient‐physician experience. Dermatologists should be well‐informed of the emerging technologies to better educate patients and enhance their clinical practice.
Efficacy and toxicity of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer in relation to the number of previous chemotherapy regimens: Comparison with gemcitabine
Authors: Takahashi Yoshifumi , Takei Yuji , Machida Shizuo , Taneichi Akiyo , Takahashi Suzuyo , Yoshiba Takahiro , Koyanagi Takahiro , Tamura Kohei , Saga Yasushi , Fujiwara Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimPegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is one of the second‐line chemotherapy regimens for platinum‐resistant recurrent ovarian cancer, but in clinical practice, it is also used for third or subsequent lines of chemotherapy. There is no report on the efficacy and toxicity of PLD in relation to the number of previous chemotherapy regimens. The purpose of this study was to clarify these points and compare with the results of gemcitabine (GEM) therapy we reported previously.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with platinum‐resistant recurrent ovarian cancer who underwent two or more cycles of PLD therapy between July 2009 and March 2017 at our institution. We used our reported data of GEM for comparison analysis.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients were enrolled in this study. The overall response rate was 19.2% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 53.8%. The DCR with 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more previous regimens was 53.8%, 48.6%, 63.6% and 66.7%, respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and anemia developed in 59.0% and 12.8%, respectively. Grade 2 or higher hand ‐foot syndrome, stomatitis, and liver dysfunction developed in 25.6%, 25.6% and 2.6%, respectively. When the number of previous regimens was 3 or higher, the DCR of PLD was significantly higher than that of GEM (64.7% vs 30.8%, P = 0.037).ConclusionThe DCR did not decrease with a greater number of previous regimens. When the number of previous regimens was 3 or higher, PLD therapy had a superior DCR to GEM therapy. Toxicity was tolerable in PLD therapy.
Trends in mortality in hepatitis C infection and alcoholic liver disease based on drug overdose in the United States
Authors: Kim Donghee , Alshuwaykh Omar S. , Cholankeril George , Wong Robert J. , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examined trends in mortality from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in the setting of drug overdose. Using US Census and national mortality records (2009‐2018), we identified deaths with HCV infection, ALD and drug overdose. HCV‐related mortality without drug overdose increased up to 2014, followed by a marked decrease. Mortality from HCV and drug overdose increased significantly. Whereas ALD‐related mortality without drug overdose continued to rise, no significant trend from ALD with drug overdose was noted. HCV‐related mortalities reduced after the introduction of DAA agents, while drug overdose‐related mortality in HCV was constantly increased.
Stomatal closure of tomato under drought is driven by an increase in soil–root hydraulic resistance
Authors: Abdalla Mohanned , Carminati Andrea , Cai Gaochao , Javaux Mathieu , Ahmed Mutez Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe fundamental question as to what triggers stomatal closure during soil drying remains contentious. Thus, we urgently need to improve our understanding of stomatal response to water deficits in soil and atmosphere. Here, we investigated the role of soil–plant hydraulic conductance (Ksp) on transpiration (E) and stomatal regulation. We used a root pressure chamber to measure the relation between E, leaf xylem water potential (ψleaf‐x) and soil water potential (ψsoil) in tomato. Additional measurements of ψleaf‐x were performed with unpressurized plants. A soil–plant hydraulic model was used to simulate E(ψleaf‐x) for decreasing ψsoil. In wet soils, E(ψleaf‐x) had a constant slope, while in dry soils, the slope decreased, with ψleaf‐x rapidly and nonlinearly decreasing for moderate increases in E. The ψleaf‐x measured in pressurized and unpressurized plants matched well, which indicates that the shoot hydraulic conductance did not decrease during soil drying and that the decrease in Ksp is caused by a decrease in soil–root conductance. The decrease of E matched well the onset of hydraulic nonlinearity. Our findings demonstrate that stomatal closure prevents the drop in ψleaf‐x caused by a decrease in Ksp and elucidate a strong correlation between stomatal regulation and belowground hydraulic limitation.
Susceptibility to Inattention: Unpacking Who is Susceptible to Inattention in Energy‐Based Electronic Billing
Authors: Curley Cali , Rustamov Galib , Harrison Nicky , Venable Madeline 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we examine characteristics that may change the susceptibility to inattention in electronic billing (e‐billing). Digitization of energy bills can increase the delivery of energy feedback and increase knowledge around conservation efforts, only when attention remains at similar levels to that of paper bills. We hypothesize that only subsets of the population are susceptible to inattention in e‐billing. We do this by estimating energy consumption for e‐bill and paper billers controlling for several characteristics of participants, homes, and weather in the City of Tallahassee, Florida. We use a difference‐in‐differences (DD) approach to estimate the effects of the e‐bill participation, which is a common approach for observational and quasi‐experimental settings. We find that budget constraints limit an individual’s susceptibility to inattention in e‐billing, with lower income groups decreasing energy consumption on average by 4.4% but has no effect on higher income groups. This suggests that inattention may not occur at the same levels or for the same reasons for all members of the public. This has implications regarding the practice of policy design and communication strategies for the public at large.