bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying sources of resistance to late blight and black scurf, and other economically useful traits among interspecific potato hybrids
Authors: Evdokimova Z. Z. , Kalashnik M. V. 
Published: October 2020

Background. This publication presents the results of a four-year (2016–2019) study undertaken to assess potato hybrids from the nurseries of preliminary tests and the nursery of the second tuber generation for their resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn in the environments of Leningrad Province. Potato forms with a set of economically useful traits were identified as promising source material for further breeding.Materials and methods. The study covered the interspecific hybrids developed on the basis of the following species: Solanum vernei Bitt. et Wittm., S. megistacrolobum Bitt., S. chacoense Bitt., S. demissum Lindl., S. verrucosum Schelechtd., S. stoloniferum Schlechtd., S. polytrichon Rydb., S. andigenum Yuz. et Buk., S. rybinii Yuz. et Buk., and S. tuberosum Lindl. Late blight and black scurf resistance tests were performed using the methods approved for the potato selection technology.Results and conclusions. The possibility to select potato genotypes with high and medium resistance of their tops and tubers was ascertained under severe natural infection with P. infestans and R. solani. In the preliminary test nursery, from 4.0 to 62.0% of the tested accessions demonstrated high plant top resistance to late blight, and from 21.6 to 58.0% possessed tuber resistance. The analysis of resistance to black scurf showed that the average score for several years in the preliminary test nursery ranged from 6.3 to 7.6 points (the scale from 9 down to 1), while the percentage of highly resistant accessions was in the range of 25.9–70.7%. In the nursery of the second tuber generation, the average resistance across the years of study varied from 6.3 to 7.8 points, with the percentage of highly resistant hybrids ranging from 27.0 to 87.1%. The selected hybrids were distinguished by their increased productivity (31.4–42.9 t/ha), high marketability of tubers (89–98%), and dry matter content (16.6–19.5%). Source material with a set of economically useful features promising for breeding was identified.
Comparative assessment of plasticity, stability and homeostasis based on ‘1000 grain weight’ in winter rye cultivars developed at VIR
Authors: Aniskov N. I. , Safonova I. V. 
Published: October 2020

Background. In Russia, winter rye is a crop that provides food for people and feed for animals. Despite the obvious advantages of rye (high winter hardiness and drought resistance, plus the ability to grow in areas with poor soils and adverse climatic conditions), its area of cultivation has been reduced from 29 million hectares in 1913 to 872,000 ha in 2019. This situation can be improved by introducing rye cultivars with a stable yield of large grain under diverse growing conditions into commercial production.Materials and methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2012–2017, in the experimental fields of Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR. The target material was the accessions of low-pentosan winter rye cultivars developed at VIR. Data processing was performed using the analysis of variance according to B. A. Dospekhov. Adaptability and stability levels were calculated using the methods by S. A. Eberhart, W. A. Russell and L. A. Zhivotkov, those of plasticity and stability using the technique by G. C. Tai, the multiplicativity coefficient according to V. A. Dragavtsev, and the coefficient of homeostasis according to V. V. Hangildin, on the basis of ‘1000 grain weight’.Results and conclusion. The 1000 grain weight in the studied accessions varied from 30.0 to 48.2 g, with the average value of 40.8 g. The effect of the ‘test year’ factor on grain size was estimated at 65.5%, and of the ‘cultivar’ factor at 20.1%. The best conditions for large grain development were observed in 2013, 2015 and 2017 (45.7, 42.5 and 41.3 g, respectively). The most plastic, stable and homeostatic winter rye accessions were: Rushnik 2 (k-11820), ‘Krasnoyarskaya universalnaya’ (k-11818), ‘Bereginya’ (k-11822), Nika 3 (k-11823), and ‘Novaya Era’ (k-11814). The cultivars Rushnik 2, Nika 3, ‘Krasnoyarskaya universalnaya’, ‘Bereginya’ and ‘Novaya Era’ demonstrated high adaptability and can produce large grain under a wide range of varying environmental conditions.
Niedzwetzky’s apple (Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck): evaluation and breeding prospects
Authors: Barsukova O. N. 
Published: October 2020

Background. Niedzwetzky’s apple (Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck), native to Central Asia, has excellent prospects in the development of new cultivars with high anthocyanin content and hybrids that could be widely used in ornamental horticulture.Materials and methods. The collection maintained at Maikop Experiment Station of VIR currently contains 17 different forms of Niedzwetzky’s apple. Most of them were introduced in 1968 from the pomological garden in Talgar, Kazakhstan. Evaluation of their phenological patterns, yield, precocity of bearing, disease resistance, fruit quality, ornamentality, etc. was based on the guidelines developed at VIR.Results and conclusion. Characteristics and specific features for all accessions of Niedzwetzky’s apple are formatted into a table. As a result of testing, the following accessions were identified: k-2389, k-29429, k-29428, k-29430 and k-29422 for their high yield; k-29429 and k-29426 for a large fruit size; k-29429, k-29430 and k-29422 for fruiting precocity; k-29431, k-29423, k-29427 and k-2389 for a pleasant sour-sweet fruit flavor, and a number of forms with medium resistance to apple leaf and fruit scab. Of special interest are the accessions with red and dark red fruit flesh color (k-14948, k-2389 and k-13279): they are most impressive in their flowering and fruiting phases. Niedzwetzky’s apple accessions with red pigmentation are promising for the development of cultivars with higher anthocyanin content in fruit. Besides, M. niedzwetzkyana and its hybrids have good prospects as ornamental plants.
Mobilization of plant genetic resources from the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors: Kurina A. B. , Kalashnikova L. M. , Paritov A. Yu. , Kirzhinov G. Kh. , Artemyeva A. M. 
Published: October 2020

Background. The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is one of the floristically unique territories in the Russian Federation. Its vegetation, especially in the mountainous and foothill areas, is very rich due to, inter alia, the extremely complex and diverse relief. Over 50% of the entire Caucasian flora is present in the republic, representing all main groups of plant formations, except subtropical and tropical ones. It seems relevant to search for and collect crop wild relatives as well as landraces of vegetables and cucurbits cultivated for a long time in the surveyed territory and adapted to local environmental conditions in order to add new genetic resources of these crops to the VIR collection.Methods. The expedition route included explorations of the foothill and highland areas of Kabardino-Balkaria, and familiarization with the seed assortment available at the markets and agricultural stores in Nalchik and Prokhladny. The target areas were surveyed from August 18 through 26, 2019, by one- or two-day trips starting from Nalchik. The length of the itinerary was about 600 km.Results. The collecting mission examined local farms and homesteads, explored the mountains, and collected 256 local and commercial cultivars of vegetable and cucurbit crops, 69 seed and vegetative samples of vegetable crop wild relatives, plus a number of fodder plant samples. Russian and foreign breeding companies whose cultivars are popular in Kabar dino-Balkaria were identified.
Pola Interaksi Simbolik Dan Pewarisan Kesenian Jaran Kepang Semarangan Berbasis Agil Di Era Disrupsi
Authors: Kusumastuti Eny Kusumastuti , - Indriyanto , Widjajantie Kusrina 
Published: October 2020

Jaran Kepang Semarangan merupakan salah satu kesenian tradisional kerakyatan yang ada di wilayah Kabupaten Semarang. Pola interaksi simbolik dan pewarisan pertunjukan Jaran Kepang memiliki keunikan tersendiri dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan di era disrupsi ini. Penelitian ini mengkaji 1) Pola interaksi simbolik dalam pertunjukan Kesenian Jaran Kepang Semarangan di era disrupsi, 2) Pola pewarisan Kesenian Jaran Kepang Semarangan di era disrupsi. Tujuan penelitian mendiskripsikan dan menarik sebuah konsep atau teori terkait dengan pola interaksi simbolik dan pewarisan Kesenian Jaran Kepang Semarangan di era disrupsi. Lokasi penelitian di Paguyuban Langen Budi Sedyo Utomo Dusun Sombron Desa Tlompakan Kecamatan Bawen Kabupaten Semarang. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnokoreologi dan sosiologi. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data menggunakan kriteria dependabilitas dan konfirmabilitas dengan teknik triangulasi sumber, teori dan teknik. Analisis data melalui tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan simpulan data. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis interaksi simbolik yakni milik Herbert Mead. Temuan penelitian meliputi 1) pola interaksi simbolik antara penari dengan penari, penari dengan pemusik, penari dengan penonton, pemusik dengan penonton dan penonton dengan penonton dan 2) pola pewarisan Kesenian Jaran Kepang Semarangan di era disrupsi mengacu skema AGIL yaitu adaptasi, pencapaian tujuan, integrasi dan latensi. Pertama, dalam proses adaptasi, pola-pola kesenian Jaran Kepang Semarangan beradaptasi dengan perkembangan jaman di era modern seperti sekarang ini dengan melihat kebutuhan masyarakat. Kedua, dalam proses pencapaian tujuan, kelompok kesenian Jaran Kepang Semarangan harus memiliki tujuan dalam pelestarian di era modern. Ketiga, dalam proses integrasi, kesenian Jaran Kepang Semarangan dapat mengintegrasikan kelompok masyarakat pelaku, pendukung dan penikmat secara tidak langsung. Keempat, dalam proses latensi, kelompok Kesenian Jaran Kepang Semarangan tetap menjaga dan melestarikan kesenian Jaran Kepang Semarangan di era modern.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIER KARYAWAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. TELKOM INDONESIA PERSERO. Tbk
Authors: Husain Bachtiar Arifudin 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja (x1) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y), pengaruh Pengembangan Karyawan (x2) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y) dan pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja (x1) dan Pengembangan Karyawan (x2) secara bersama-sama terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y) PT. Telkom Indonesia persero.Tbk , dimana variabel independen yang diteliti adalah Lingkungan Kerja (x1) dan Pengembangan Karyawan (x2), sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah Kinerja Karyawan (y)Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah metode asosiatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi yang diambil yaitu karyawan PT. Telkom Indonesia persero. Tbk di Jakarta Selatan yang be rjumlah 73 orang dan teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh yang seluruh populasi merupakan sampel dalam penelitian ini. Teknik Pengujian yang digunakan meliputi Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Uji Asumsi Klasik (Normalitas, Multikolinearitas, Heteroskedastisitas, Autokolerasi), Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda, Koefisien Korelasi Product Moment, Koefisien Determinasi dan Uji Hipotesis (Uji T, Uji F).Hasil penelitian data menunjukkan bahwa Lingkungan Kerja (x1) dan Pengembangan Karyawan (x2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y) pada pada PT. Telkom Indonesia persero.Tbk Dari hasil uji t menunjukan nilai hasil uji t (parsial) pada variabel Lingkungan Kerja (x1) menujukkan thitung (3.231 ) > ttabel (1.994) dengan nilai sig 0.037< 0.05 dan variabel Pengembangan Karyawan (x2) menunjukkan thitung (3.441) > ttabel (1.994) dengan nilai sig 0.000< 0.05 serta dari hasil uji f secara simultan antara menujukkan bahwa nilai fhitung (17.363) > ftabel (3.13) dan nilai sig (0.000) < 0.005 sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima artinya baik secara parsial maupun simultan Lingkungan Kerja (x1) dan Pengembangan Karir Karyawan (x2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y) pada PT. Telkom Indonesia persero.Tbk dan Melalui pengujian koefisien determinasi (R2) diperoleh sebesar 0.332 sama dengan 33.2% sedangkan sisanya 66.8% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti. Kata Kunci : Lingkungan Kerja, Pengembangan Karier Karyawan dan Kinerja Karyawan.
PENGARUH KEGIATAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBEIAN PADA PT. INDOTEX MANDIRI DI TANGERANG
Authors: Mas’adi Mahnun 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kegiatan promosi terhadap keputusan pembeian pada PT. Indotex Mandiri di Tangerang. Metode yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan sampel sebanyak 96 responden. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis statistik dengan pengujian regresi, korelasi, determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini variabel kegiatan promosi diperoleh rata-rata skor sebesar 3,40 dengan kriteria baik. Variabel keputusan pembeian diperoleh rata-rata skor sebesar 3,82 dengan kriteria baik. Kegiatan promosi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembeian dengan persamaan regresi Y = 7,639 + 0,900X, dan nilai korelasi 0,791 atau kuat dengan determinasi 62,6%. Uji hipotesis diperoleh signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Kata Kunci: Kegiatan Promosi, Keputusan Pembelian.
Continuity of care as a predictor of ongoing frequent attendance in primary care: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: McDermott Adam , Sanderson Emily , Metcalfe Christopher , Barnes Rebecca , Thomas Clare , Cramer Helen , Kessler David 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundFrequent attenders (FAs) in primary care receive considerable resources with uncertain benefit. Only some FAs attend persistently. Modestly successful models have been built to predict persistent attendance. Nevertheless, an association between relational continuity of care and persistent frequent attendance remains unclear, and could be important considering both the UK government and Royal College of General Practitioner’s (RCGP) aim of improving continuity.AimTo identify predictive measures (including continuity) for persistent frequent attendance that may be modified in future interventions.Design & settingThis is a retrospective cohort study sampling 35 926 adult patients registered in seven Bristol practices.MethodThe top 3% (1227) of patients by frequency of GP consultations over 6 months were classed as FAs. Individual relational continuity was measured over the same period using the Usual Provider Continuity (UPC) index. Attendance change was calculated for the following 6 months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables that predicted attendance change.ResultsFAs were on average 8.41 years older (difference 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.33 to 9.50, P<0.001) and more likely to be female (65.36% versus 57.88%) than non-FAs. In total, 79.30% of FAs decreased attendance over the subsequent 6 months. No association was found between continuity and subsequent attendance. Increasing age was associated with maintained frequent attendance.ConclusionContinuity does not predict change in frequent attendance. In addition to improving continuity, recent government policy is focused on increasing primary care access. If both aims are achieved it will be interesting to observe any effect on frequent attendance.
Online forum users’ views and experiences of managing irritable bowel syndrome: a qualitative analysis of discussion content
Authors: Teasdale Emma , Clarke Hannah , Chen Nick , Everitt Hazel 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common and often negatively affects quality of life. Patients frequently perceive medical interventions as inadequate and seek support from other sources, including online discussion forums.AimTo explore online discussion forum topics posted by people with IBS.Design & settingA qualitative study exploring three UK-based online discussion forums.MethodA scoping review identified UK-based discussion forums with high activity and frequent use, which did not require a password/registration to view posts (two IBS-specific and one general health forum). Internal search functions were used to identify and export relevant discussion threads relating to managing IBS. Inductive thematic analysis of exported discussions was undertaken.ResultsAnalysis identified two main overarching themes from 122 relevant discussion threads: 1) sharing information and practical advice about lifestyle changes; and 2) receiving emotional support. The most prevalent topics were lifestyle changes, including diet, using oral preparations (for example, supplements or probiotics), and physical activity. Dietary changes were usually considered positive, and most hopeful for potentially alleviating symptoms. Emotional support was also regularly offered with expressions of empathy, kindness, and gratitude, and a sense of users feeling less alone. Some discussions raised concern around potentially inappropriate symptomatic reassurance, and negative or conflicting advice.ConclusionOnline forums seem, generally, to be a positive experience for those posting, but include potential risks of misinformation. Most posts focus on symptomatic relief through lifestyle change and/or emotional support. Clinicians could gain a better understanding of patients’ ideas, concerns, and expectations of IBS diagnosis and management by asking about patient-acquired online forum information.
Risk factors for the development of cerebrovascular disorders in patients after cardiosurgical interventions
Authors: Mishchenko Tamara , Mishchenko Vladyslav , Zdesenko Iryna , Kharina Kateryna 
Published: October 2020

The article is dedicated to the study the risk factors of cerebrovascular disorders development after cardiosurgical interventions. It was shown that the most significant factors are: arterial hypertension — 100.0 %, hypercholesterolemia — 100.0 %, multiple lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries (73.3 %) and arteries of the lower extremities (26.7 %), type II diabetes mellitus (53.3 %) and renal failure (40 %), the presence of bad habits associated with chronic intoxication (46.7 %), psychoemotional overstrain (76.7 %), the impact of surgical techniques interventions and the presence of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency in patients which sent to the operation. A complete laboratory-instrumental and neurological preoperative examination, an adequate assessment of the cerebral hemodynamics system creates the basis for reducing postoperative cerebral disorders and the basis for the development of a complex of preventive measures.
Key words:	risk factors, cardiosurgical interventions, cerebrovascular disorders
I am happy for us: Neural processing of vicarious joy when winning for parents versus strangers
Authors: Brandner Philip , Güroğlu Berna , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the neural processes underlying vicarious joy and their dependence on emotional closeness. Prior studies revealed that the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a target brain region for processing rewards for self, but the neural mechanisms of processing rewards for others are not yet well understood. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm was employed in young adults (N = 30), in combination with a self-report questionnaire on the perceived emotional closeness to the target. We examined the neural correlates of vicarious rewards when winning money for oneself or one of three other targets. To examine family relationships, two of the targets were the mother and father of the participants, and the third target was an unknown stranger. We found an increase in activation in the NAcc when playing for family members compared with a stranger. We further observed a difference in neural activation when winning for the father compared with the mother in an extended network involving the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus, brain regions involved in mentalizing. These findings were not related to reports of emotional closeness. This new paradigm has considerable value for future research into the fundamental neural processes underlying empathy and vicarious joy.
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia and Local Self-Government in Moscow
Authors: Софьин Д.М. 
Published: October 2020

Анализируется исторический опыт взаимодействия органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления в Москве и Московской губернии в 1891–1905 годах, в период генерал-губернаторства члена Российского императорского Дома Великого князя Сергея Александровича, брата императора Александра III и дяди императора Николая II. Несмотря на то что отдельные аспекты темы затрагивались в исследованиях ранее, в данной статье впервые комплексно рассматриваются вопросы взаимоотношений генерал-губернаторской власти с различными органами местного самоуправления — Московской городской думой, Московским губернским земством
и Московским губернским Дворянским собранием. Как показывает исследование, значительную роль во взаимодействии органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления играл субъективный фактор, что особенно наглядно проявилось во взаимоотношениях между Великим князем Сергеем Александровичем и московскими городскими головами. Анализ документов подводит к выводу, что Великий князь, занимая пост генерал-губернатора, совмещал в своей деятельности ясность и твердость с умеренностью и гибкостью, показывал умение находить достойное решение в случае конфликтных ситуаций, демонстрировал стремление налаживать конструктивное взаимодействие представителей государственной власти и местного самоуправления даже при неблагоприятных объективных и субъективных факторах.
The article provides a historical analysis of cooperation between the state and local self-government in Moscow and the Moscow Province in 1891–1905 when Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, Alexander III’s brother and Nicholas II’s uncle, was Governor-General of Moscow. Some aspects of the issue have been previously investigated; however, the present article is a pioneer of a complex research of the Governor-General’s cooperation with various bodies of local self-government, such as the Moscow State Duma, the Moscow Provincial Zemstvo, the Moscow Noble Assembly. The research shows that the cooperation between the state and local self-government was significantly predetermined by subjective factors, such as the relationships between Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and the Mayors of Moscow. The analysis of documents enables the author to conclude that being Governor-General, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich was clear-headed and determined, moderate and flexible, could find an adequate solution to conflicts and did his best to ensure a successful cooperation between the state and local self-government bodies even in adverse circumstances caused by both objective and subjective factors.