bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untreated dental caries prevalence and impact on the quality of life among11 to14-year-old Egyptian schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Elheeny Ahmad , Khattab Nagwa , Eid Samar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess caries prevalence and experience among 11-14 years schoolchildren, analyze demographic, socioeconomic, personal and professional dental care in relation to untreated carious lesions, and evaluates the effect of decayed teeth on early adolescents’ oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: A cross-sectional analytical investigation conducted on 1020 preparatory schoolchildren selected on the basis of a multistage sampling technique. Caries status for the participants detected via recording their caries experience and untreated cavities using DMFT and DT indices. OHRQoL was determined using a validated Arabic CPQ11-14 short-form questionnaire. Statistical methods for descriptive analysis chi-square test, Independent-Samples T-Test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis through a hierarchical approach was used to detect the influence of independent variables on DT scores. To declare the association between independent variables and QoL, a step-by-step, multivariate regression analysis was conducted. Results: The average scores of DMFT and DT in this study were 2.97±1.29 and 1.66±1.24. Poisson regression analysis demonstrates that school children with untreated carious lesions are 2.51 times have poor OHRQoL than their peers without caries. Untreated cavities affected mainly by mother education, school type, family income, and regular dental appointments. Children with DMFT ≤ 3) or DT =0 recorded a statistically significant lower CPQ11-14 average scores (p ˂ 0.01) and (p ˂ 0.0001) respectively. Conclusions: Untreated carious cavities and caries experience were associated with lower socioeconomic, maternal education and tooth brushing, untreated carious cavities have a significant negative impact on schoolchildren’s QoL.
Alteration of S-nitrosothiols mediates seed shattering in rice
Authors: Mun Bong-Gyu , Shahid Muhammad , Lee Sang-Uk , Kim Hyun-Ho , Lee Gang-Seob , Hussain Adil , Yun Byung-Wook 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Seed shattering in rice (Oryza sativa) is considered as one of the major factors responsible for domestication of rice. The shattering trait of rice results in severe reduction in yield related parameters such as number of tillers and number of spikelets. A few genes have been characterized for their involvement in the regulation of seed shattering in rice, however, the importance of seed shattering from yield perspectives necessitates the exploration of novel genes responsible for seed shattering in field crops like rice.
Results
We identified the RICE HIGH SHATTERING 1 (RHS1) from a greenhouse screen involving 130 rice lines. High seed shattering phenomena was observed in rhs1 plants. Moreover, absence of RHS1 resulted in sensitivity to nitrosative stress. In addition, rhs1 plants demonstrated differential expression levels of genes responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production (OsNIA1, OsNIA2, OsNOA1 and OsGSNOR) and seed shattering (SHAT1, qSH1, qSH4 and CPL1). Of those, the CPL1 expression was correlated with S-nitrosothiol (SNO) alteration in rhs1. Interestingly noe1, rice mutant with high SNO levels, exhibited low seed shattering, whereas rhs1 resulted in low SNO level with high seed shattering.
Conclusion
This study reports the involvement of a novel gene RHS1 in seed shattering. Most of the seed shattering related genes or QTLs reported so far in the literature positively regulate seed shattering as their knockout or loss of function mutants exhibit non-shattering phenotypes. Whereas, RHS1 negatively regulates shattering as the loss of function rhs1 plants exhibit high seed shattering and perturbed SNO contents. The molecular and mechanistic control of RHS1 mediated regulation of seed shattering and its interaction with nitric oxide needs to be investigated further.
Food supplements to reduce stunting in Pakistan: a process evaluation of community dynamics shaping uptake
Authors: Zaidi Shehla , Das Jai Kumar , Khan Gul Nawaz , Najmi Rabia , Shah Mashal Murad , Soofi Sajid Bashir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundThere is an increasing interest in use of food supplements to prevent stunting, however evidence from trials remains inconclusive meriting qualitative examination of barriers and synergies for supplement use by targeted groups. We contribute evidence on factors influencing community uptake of food supplements to feed into the design of future food supplementation programs for countering stunting.MethodsA process evaluation was undertaken of a stunting prevention food supplementation pilot in rural Pakistan that distributed wheat soy blend (WSB) to pregnant & lactating women, and lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) and micronutrient powder (MNP) to <5 years children. We investigated community uptake applying five parameters: value, acceptability, receipt of supplement, usage by target group, correct dosage used. Mixed methods were used: survey of 800 households, 18 FGDs with male and female caregivers, 4 FGDs with community health workers (CHWs), 22 key informant interviews with district stakeholders.ResultsSurvey findings showed that proportionately few beneficiaries consumed the full dose of supplements –, despite reasonable knowledge levels amongst caregivers. Sharing of supplements with other household member was common, and full monthly stock was not received by several beneficiaries. Qualitative findings revealed caregivers did not associate food supplements with stunting reduction. WSB was well accepted as an extra ration, LNS was popular due its chocolaty taste and texture, whereas MNP sprinkles were perceived to be of little value and also mistrusted. Cultural food practices led to common sharing, whereas interaction with CHWs was minimal for nutrition counselling. Qualitative findings also indicated CHW related programmatic constraints of low motivation, multi-tasking, inadequate counselling skills and weak supervision.ConclusionWe conclude that community acceptability of food supplements does not translate into optimal consumption. Instead a greater emphasis is needed on demand creation amongst caregivers and moving from sole reliance on CHWs to a broadening of food delivery and behavioural change options.
Daily use of alcohol among persons in the Norwegian general population: Prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Bonsaksen Tore , Heir Trond , Skogstad Laila , Grimholt Tine Kristin , Ekeberg Øivind , Lerdal Anners , Schou-Bredal Inger 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Harmful use of alcohol is a major public health problem. While harm is often researched in the context of heavy drinking episodes, high-frequency drinking, even when drinking moderate quantities, constitutes a health risk in a longer perspective. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of daily use of alcohol in the Norwegian general population, and to assess sociodemographic, mental health-related and personal resource variables associated with daily use of alcohol.Methods A cross-sectional survey concerned with health, illness and serious life events was distributed to 5,500 persons in the general population in Norway (response rate 36%). Sociodemographic variables, personal resource variables (general self-efficacy, optimism, and extraversion) and psychological distress (current anxiety and/or depression) were assessed with regards to their associations with daily drinking in unadjusted and adjusted regression models.ResultsDaily use of alcohol was reported by 39 persons (2.2%) in the sample (3.1% of men and 1.4% of women). While general self-efficacy, optimism and extraversion were unrelated to daily drinking, the adjusted model revealed that male gender (OR: 2.18, p < 0.05), being unemployed/not in education (OR: 3.10, p < 0.05) and reporting current anxiety and/or depression (OR: 3.12, p < 0.01) were associated with daily use of alcohol.Conclusions A proportion of 2.2% reported to drink alcohol on a daily basis, and compared to their counterparts, the odds of daily drinking were higher for men, unemployed persons and persons reporting current psychological distress. Public health initiatives aiming at reducing harmful use of alcohol may pay particular attention to these subsets of the population.
Effect of preoperative biliary drainage in patients with moderately severe obstructive jaundice on the outcomes of pancreatoduodenectomy: A meta-analysis study
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Meng Shanshan , Hu Yaowei , Duan Kehang , Wei Feng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) on the perioperative outcomes of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in patients with total bilirubin >100 umol/L.Methods In this meta-analysis, studies that compared the perioperative outcomes of PBD and non-PBD patients with total bilirubin >100 umol/L, and were published in EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane library, Web of Science, VIP database, Wanfang data, Chinese biomedical literature and CNKI database from inception up to October 2019 were included. The odds ratios (OR) or mean differences were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results Nine trials with 744 patients, which compared PBD (267 patients) with non-PBD (477 patients), were included. There was no significant difference in perioperative mortality between these two groups (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.39; P =0.19). Postoperative hospital stay (mean difference: -2.35, 95% CI: -3.70 to -1.00; P =0.0007), operating time (mean difference: -33.03, 95% CI: -44.14 to 21.93; P <0.00001), estimated blood loss (mean difference: -141.18, 95% CI: -213.25 to -69.11; P =0.0001) and overall morbidity (OR: 0.68, CI: 0.48 to 0.95; P =0.02) were significantly lower in the PBD group than in the non-PBD group.Conclusion Patients who received PBD had similar perioperative mortality, but had decreased postoperative hospital stay, operating time, estimated blood loss and overall morbidity, when compared to patients without PBD. Therefore, PBD should be routinely performed for patients planned for PD with a total bilirubin of >100 umol/L.
Associations between physician supply levels and amenable mortality rates: A descriptive and panel data analysis of Taiwan over nearly four decades
Authors: Chen Brian , Jindal Dakshu , Yang Y. Tony , Hair Nicole , Yang Chun-Yuh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background. Access to health care is an important determinant of health, but despite years of research, it remains unclear whether having more physicians reduces mortality. In this study, we investigate whether a greater supply of physicians in given administrative areas is associated with lowers rates of amenable mortality, defined as deaths that can be delayed with appropriate and timely medical treatment or public health measures.Methods. We use Taiwan’s population-level National Death Certification Registry data spanning nearly four decades to study the trend in age-standardized amenable mortality rates by area physician supply quartiles. We also conducted multivariate panel data regression analyses of the association between age-standardized amenable mortality rates and physician supply, controlling for mean household income, education attainment, urbanization levels, decade fixed effects, and the implementation of universal health care.Results. The trend analyses (adjusted for age and sex only) show that Taiwanese townships in the top quartile of physician supply consistently had the lowest age-standardized amenable mortality rates. However, in the panel data regression analyses, after controlling for at least mean household income, the negative association between physician supply and overall amenable mortality loses statistical significance, although it remains statistically significant for ischemic heart disease.Conclusions. These findings suggest that physician supply, while important, is but one input that contributes to population health and is likely confounded with other socioeconomic factors correlated with better health. Physician supply levels are not randomly distributed, and doctors likely choose to practice in higher income areas and areas with demonstrated medical need. More research is needed, but policy makers should consider broader social policies, not just healthcare resources, as means to promote population health once a critical mass of physicians is achieved.
Micro- and nano-size hydrogarnet clusters in calcium silicate garnet: Part II. Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical aspects
Authors: Geiger Charles A. , Rossman George R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe nominally anhydrous, calcium-silicate garnets, grossular (Ca3Al2Si3O12), andradite (Ca3Fe23+Si3O12), schorlomite (Ca3Ti24+[Si,Fe23+]O12), and their solid solutions can incorporate structural OH-, often termed “water.” The IR single-crystal spectra of several calcium silicate garnets were recorded between 3000 and 4000 cm–1. Spectroscopic results are also taken from the literature. All spectra show various OH- stretching modes between 3500 and 3700 cm–1 and they are analyzed. Following the conclusions of Part I of this study, the garnets appear to contain local microscopic- and nano-size Ca3Al2H12O12- and Ca3Fe23+H12O12-like domains and/or clusters dispersed throughout an anhydrous “matrix.” The substitution mechanism is the hydrogarnet one, where (H4O4)4– ↔ (SiO4)4–, and various local configurations containing different numbers of (H4O4)4– groups define the cluster type. A single (H4O4) group is roughly 3 Å across and most (H4O4)-clusters are between this and 15 Å in size. This model can explain the IR spectra and also other experimental results. Various hypothetical “defect” and cation substitutional mechanisms are not needed to account for OH- incorporation and behavior in garnet. New understanding at the atomic level into published dehydration and H-species diffusion results, as well as H2O-concentration and IR absorption-coefficient determinations, is now possible for the first time. End-member synthetic and natural grossular crystals can show similar OH- “band patterns,” as can different natural garnets, indicating that chemical equilibrium could have operated during their crystallization. Under this assumption, the hydrogarnet-cluster types and their concentrations can potentially be used to decipher petrologic (i.e., P-T-X) conditions under which a garnet crystal, and the rock in which it occurs, formed. Schorlomites from phonolites contain no or very minor amounts of H2O (0.0 to 0.02 wt%), whereas Ti-bearing andradites from chlorite schists can contain more H2O (∼0.3 wt%). Different hydrogarnet clusters and concentrations can occur in metamorphic grossulars from Asbestos, Quebec, Canada. IR absorption coefficients for H2O held in hydrogrossularand hydroandradite-like clusters should be different in magnitude and this work lays out how they can be best determined. Hydrogen diffusion behavior in garnet crystals at high temperatures is primarily governed by the thermal stability of the different local hydrogarnet clusters at 1 atm.
On the impact of seasonal solar activity on the progression of retinopathy of prematurity: preliminary research results
Authors: Epikhin A. N. , Epikhina U. N. , Ushnikova O. A. , Ushnikov A. N. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose. To study the effect of bright sunlight on immature retina of a premature baby at different periods of solar activity.Material and methods. The study involved two groups of premature babies: 32 babies (64 eyes) in 2016 and 50 babies (100 eyes) in 2017. Both groups were tested using a retinal camera (RetCam Shuttle, USA) on the 3rd or 4th week after birth. In cases of threshold stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) binocular ophthalmoscopy were performed. In such cases, laser coagulation of the retina was performed using "ALOD 01" (ALCOM Medica, Russia).Results. The greatest number of ROP with the greatest number of surgical interventions and adverse outcomes that required vitreoretinal surgery were revealed in the second seasonal period (May — August), which experienced the highest solar activity. In 2016, the amount of ROP cases diagnosed in this period amounted to 59 %, which is comparable with the corresponding amount revealed in 2017 (61.1 %).Conclusions. Stronger solar activity and its longer periods increase the risk of ROP; consequently, to prevent this pathology, the eyes of the newborn should be protected from the negative effects of daylight and artificial light, including that emitted by diagnostic equipment.
Erythrocyte miRNA 144 and miRNA 451 as Cell Aging Biomarkers in African American Adults
Authors: Jafri Ibrahim , Alsharif Ghadi , Bland Gail Nun-lee , Gambhir Kanwal K. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:MicroRNAs (miRNA) are novel critical regulators of cell proliferation and human disease, including diabetes mellitus and cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of circulating erythrocytes (E) miRNA-144 and miRNA-451 expression in African Americans Adults (AAA) as a biomarker of cell aging.Methods:The blood samples were collected from healthy controls [n=9] following an 8-12 hours fast. Erythrocytes were purified twice by Boyum gradient. Erythrocytes were further sub-fractionated into young (y) (1.07-1.09 g/ml), mid (m) (1.09- 1.11 g/ml), and old (o) (1.11-1.12 g/ml) age cells by using discontinuous Percoll gradient (35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 65%, 80%, and 100%) and total RNA extracted. MiRNA-144 and miRNA-451 were quantified in y, m, and o age E sub-fractions by qRT-PCR.Results:MiRNA-451 expression was 82210.8271, 130922.476, and 149554.364 in y, m, and o cells, respectively. MiRNA-144 expression in y cells was 18.6641092, m cells was 32.4413621, and o cells was 57.8118394 These results showed that o cells expressed both miRNA-144 and miRNA-451 more than that of m, and y cells.Conclusion:The findings of this study showed that miRNAs expression differ in sub-fractionated erythrocytes. This study suggests that miRNA-144 and miRNA-451 have the potential to be used as biomarkers of RBC aging.
Clinical-epidemiological and pathogenetic features of viral hepatitis C in the hemodialysis departments
Authors: Akalaev R. N. , Aripkhodzhaeva G. Z. , Rashidova S. A. , Abdullaev A. N. , Khashimov K. A. 
Published: December 2019

Background. Today, the programmed hemodialysis belongs to the clinical medicine area where patients are at a constant risk of viral hepatitis infection. This is associated with surgical interventions on the vessels, fairly frequent transfusions of blood components, and regular hemodialysis procedures. But in recent years, the ratio of reported cases of viral hepatitis B and C in patients on programmed hemodialysis has changed significantly. With an abrupt increase in the incidence of viral hepatitis C, there is a decrease in the number of registered viral hepatitis B cases.The aim. To study the clinical, epidemiological and pathogenetic features of viral hepatitis C in hemodialysis units.Material and methods. A multicenter study was conducted that enrolled the patients from the Programmed Hemodialysis Units in Tashkent and the regional departments of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study involved 395 patients on programmed hemodialysis for 7.5 ± 0.7 years. The age of patients was 43.5 ± 0.91 years. The diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis C was made on the basis of medical history, clinical and laboratory data, and detection of anti-HCV IgG and RNA-HCV in blood.Results. When analyzing the clinical examination and laboratory test results of 395 patients, the parenteral viral infection markers were detected in 181 patients (45.8%). The analysis of the overall incidence of viral hepatitis showed that chronic viral hepatitis C had the highest rates and was found in 125 patients (31.6%). The analysis of the chronic viral hepatitis C course in the presence of the end-stage chronic renal disease showed that in 11 (34%) of 32 patients of the Main group the disease proceeded as a fulminant form of chronic renal-hepatic failure with the development of adverse outcomes. Twenty seven patients (84%) in this group developed progressive anemia. In 16 patients (50%), persistent polyserositis developed in the form of hydrothorax, ascites, and pericarditis, which reflected the aggravating effect of chronic viral hepatitis C on the course of chronic renal disease.Conclusions. In Hemodialysis Units, both in the city of Tashkent, and in the regional departments of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the incidence of chronic viral hepatitis C prevails, having the form of a pathological process with a minimally low activity. Chronic viral hepatitis C has an aggravating effect on the course of the underlying disease with the development of adverse outcomes.
A literatura filosófica de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Zacharias Pamela 
Published: December 2019

Este artigo se origina a partir do encontro da escrita de Clarice Lispector com a filosofia de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari e propõe aproximações entre a literatura da escritora e os conceitos desenvolvidos pelos autores. Para Deleuze e Guattari, a literatura se faz em um plano de composição e cria perceptos e afectos através de um personagem estético; já a filosofia, tece um plano de imanência para criar seus conceitos que se constroem por meio de um personagem conceitual. Neste artigo, buscou-se discutir em que instância personagens estéticos e personagens conceituais se atravessam. Quais as ressonâncias que textos de Clarice podem provocar no campo filosófico? Para isso, foram percorridas algumas linhas criativas de sua literatura, como o devir, seguindo-as em busca de visualizar alguns conceitos sensoriais e algumas sensações conceituais que afloram da criação literária da escritora, percorrendo nela uma força filosófica que cria e mobiliza conceitos.
Significados atribuídos por profissionais da Psicologia à prática da mediação familiar
Authors: Meotti Loridane , Costa Aline Bogoni 
Published: December 2019

Entende-se por significado do trabalho as representações que uma pessoa elabora sobre suas atividades de modo individual, grupal e social. Este artigo, de caráter qualitativo, objetivou identificar os significados atribuídos por profissionais da Psicologia à prática da mediação familiar no contexto judicial do Estado de Santa Catarina. O serviço de mediação familiar ocorre em 73 locais dos 113 Fóruns de Justiça existentes no Estado, sendo que 22 profissionais ocupam o cargo de psicólogo(a) e, destes, 4 (quatro), os quais foram participantes desta pesquisa, estão no Serviço de Mediação Familiar. Aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas fechadas e abertas, cujos dados foram interpretados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Foram identificadas cinco categorias para o significado do trabalho de mediação familiar, sendo elas: 1) a mediação familiar como complexa e difícil; 2) a mediação familiar como uma oportunidade de adquirir novos conhecimentos; 3) a mediação familiar como uma atuação importante ao desenvolvimento da Psicologia; 4) a mediação familiar como central à cultura do trabalho ampliado na Psicologia; e, 5) a mediação familiar como desafiadora e ampla. Discutiu-se acerca do reduzido quadro de profissionais da Psicologia nesta atuação no Estado, o qual consiste-se em um desafio à ampliação desta inserção. E, por fim, a relevância da interdisciplinaridade e as potencialidades da atuação da Psicologia.