bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-periodic Pulsation Detected in Lyα Emission During Solar Flares
Authors: Li Dong , Lu Lei , Ning Zongjun , Feng Li , Gan Weiqun , Li Hui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We investigated the quasi-periodic pulsation (QPP) in Lyα, X-ray, and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emissions during two solar flares, i.e., an X-class (SOL2012-01-27T) and a C-class (SOL2016-02-08T). The full-disk Lyα and X-ray flux during these solar flares were recorded by the EUV Sensor and X-Ray Sensor on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. The flare regions were located from the EUV images measured by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. The QPP could be identified as a series of regular and periodic peaks in the light curves, and its quasi-periodicity was determined from the global wavelet and Fourier power spectra. A quasi-periodicity at about 3 minutes is detected during the impulsive phase of the X-class flare, which could be explained as the acoustic wave in the chromosphere. Interestingly, a quasi-periodicity at roughly 1 minute is discovered during the entire evolutionary phases of solar flares, including the precursor, impulsive, and gradual phases. This is the first report of 1 minute QPP in the Lyα emission during solar flares, in particular during the flare precursor. It may be interpreted as a self-oscillatory regime of the magnetic reconnection, such as magnetic dripping.
Pakistan : un pays de plus de 200 millions d’habitants en retard dans la transition démographique
Authors: Goujon Anne , Wazir Asif , Gailey Nicholas 
Published: April 2020

Le Pakistan comptait 208 millions d’habitants en 2017 d’après le dernier recensement de sa population. Celle-ci s’est accrue de 2,4 % par an depuis le recensement précédent de 1998. Le pays connaît une transition démographique plus lente que la plupart de ses voisins d’Asie. L’indice synthétique de fécondité (ISF) y est plus élevé, 3,6 enfants par femme en moyenne en 2017, et y baisse plus lentement.
Role of V-ATPase a3-Subunit in Mouse CTL Function
Authors: Chitirala Praneeth , Ravichandran Keerthana , Schirra Claudia , Chang Hsin-Fang , Krause Elmar , Kazmaier Uli , Lauterbach Marcel A. , Rettig Jens 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
CTLs release cytotoxic proteins such as granzymes and perforin through fusion of cytotoxic granules (CG) at the target cell interface, the immune synapse, to kill virus-infected and tumorigenic target cells. A characteristic feature of these granules is their acidic pH inside the granule lumen, which is required to process precursors of granzymes and perforin to their mature form. However, the role of acidic pH in CG maturation, transport, and fusion is not understood. We demonstrate in primary murine CTLs that the a3-subunit of the vacuolar-type (H+)–adenosine triphosphatase is required for establishing a luminal pH of 6.1 inside CG using ClopHensorN(Q69M), a newly generated CG-specific pH indicator. Knockdown of the a3-subunit resulted in a significantly reduced killing of target cells and a &gt;50% reduction in CG fusion in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, which was caused by a reduced number of CG at the immune synapse. Superresolution microscopy revealed a reduced interaction of CG with the microtubule network upon a3-subunit knockdown. Finally, we find by electron and structured illumination microscopy that knockdown of the a3-subunit altered the diameter and density of individual CG, whereas the number of CG per CTL was unaffected. We conclude that the a3-subunit of the vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase is not only responsible for the acidification of CG, but also contributes to the maturation and efficient transport of the CG to the immune synapse.
[On the presence of Willow Tit <em>Poecile montanus</em> in the Central Apennines]
Authors: Brunelli Massimo , Fraticelli Fulvio 
Published: April 2020

[Since the mid Fifties data have been published stating the presence of a Willow Tit population on the Central Apennines. The Authors, after controlling all available information and comparing them with the morphological and eco-ethological features of the species, hypothesize that all Willow Tit recorded observations relate instead to Marsh Tit, concluding that no Willow Tit populations were ever recorded in the area]. [Article in Italian]
Spatial distribution of cloud droplet size properties from Airborne Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (AirHARP) measurements
Authors: McBride Brent A. , Martins J. Vanderlei , Barbosa Henrique M. J. , Birmingham William , Remer Lorraine A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The global variability of clouds and their interactions
with aerosol and radiation make them one of our largest sources of
uncertainty related to global radiative forcing. The droplet size
distribution (DSD) of clouds is an excellent proxy that connects cloud
microphysical properties with radiative impacts on our climate. However,
traditional radiometric instruments are information-limited in their DSD
retrievals. Radiometric sensors can infer droplet effective radius directly
but not the distribution width, which is an important parameter tied to the
growth of a cloud field and to the onset of precipitation. DSD heterogeneity
hidden inside large pixels, a lack of angular information, and the absence of
polarization limit the amount of information these retrievals can provide.
Next-generation instruments that can measure at narrow resolutions with multiple
view angles on the same pixel, a broad swath, and sensitivity to
the intensity and polarization of light are best situated to retrieve DSDs at
the pixel level and over a wide spatial field. The Airborne Hyper-Angular
Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP) is a wide-field-of-view imaging polarimeter
instrument designed by the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC),
for retrievals of cloud droplet size distribution properties over a wide
swath, at narrow resolution, and at up to 60 unique, co-located view zenith
angles in the 670 nm channel. The cloud droplet effective radius (CDR) and
variance (CDV) of a unimodal gamma size distribution are inferred
simultaneously by matching measurement to Mie polarized phase functions. For
all targets with appropriate geometry, a retrieval is possible, and
unprecedented spatial maps of CDR and CDV are made for cloud fields that
stretch both across the swath and along the entirety of a flight
observation. During the NASA Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS) aircraft
campaign in May–June 2017, the Airborne HARP (AirHARP) instrument observed
a heterogeneous stratocumulus cloud field along the solar principal plane.
Our retrievals from this dataset show that cloud DSD heterogeneity can occur
at the 200 m scale, much smaller than the 1–2 km resolution of most spaceborne
sensors. This heterogeneity at the sub-pixel level can create artificial
broadening of the DSD in retrievals made at resolutions on the order of 0.5
to 1 km. This study, which uses the AirHARP instrument and its data as a
proxy for upcoming HARP CubeSat and HARP2 spaceborne instruments,
demonstrates the viability of the HARP concept to make cloud measurements at
scales of individual clouds, with global coverage, and in a low-cost,
compact CubeSat-sized payload.
Estimating the fate of oxygen ion outflow from the high-altitude cusp
Authors: Krcelic Patrik , Haaland Stein , Maes Lukas , Slapak Rikard , Schillings Audrey 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We have investigated the oxygen escape-to-capture ratio from the high-altitude cusp regions for various geomagnetic activity levels by combining EDI and CODIF measurements from the Cluster spacecraft. Using a magnetic field model, we traced the observed oxygen ions to one of three regions: plasma sheet, solar wind beyond a distant X-line or dayside magnetosheath. Our results indicate that 69 % of high-altitude oxygen escapes the magnetosphere, from which most escapes beyond the distant X-line (50 % of total oxygen flux). Convection of oxygen to the plasma sheet shows a strong dependence on geomagnetic activity. We used the Dst index as a proxy for geomagnetic storms and separated data into quiet conditions (Dst>0 nT), moderate conditions (0>Dst>-20 nT), and active conditions (Dst<-20 nT). For quiet magnetospheric conditions we found increased escape due to low convection. For active magnetospheric conditions we found an increase in both parallel velocities and convection velocities, but the increase in convection velocities is higher, and thus most of the oxygen gets convected into the plasma sheet (73 %). The convected oxygen ions reach the plasma sheet in the distant tail, mostly beyond 50 RE.
Turbulence in the stratified boundary layer under ice: observations from Lake Baikal and a new similarity model
Authors: Kirillin Georgiy , Aslamov Ilya , Kozlov Vladimir , Zdorovennov Roman , Granin Nikolai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Seasonal ice cover on lakes and polar seas creates seasonally developing boundary layer at the ice base with specific features: fixed temperature at
the solid boundary and stable density stratification beneath. Turbulent transport in the boundary layer determines the ice growth and melting
conditions at the ice–water interface, especially in large lakes and marginal seas, where large-scale water circulation can produce highly variable
mixing conditions. Since the boundary mixing under ice is difficult to measure, existing models of ice cover dynamics usually neglect or parameterize
it in a very simplistic form. We present the first detailed observations on mixing under ice of Lake Baikal, obtained with the help of advanced acoustic
methods. The dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) was derived from correlations (structure functions) of current velocities within
the boundary layer. The range of the dissipation rate variability covered 2 orders of magnitude, demonstrating strongly turbulent
conditions. Intensity of mixing was closely connected to the mean speeds of the large-scale under-ice currents. Mixing developed on the background of
stable density (temperature) stratification, which affected the vertical structure of the boundary layer. To account for stratification effects, we
propose a model of the turbulent energy budget based on the length scale incorporating the dissipation rate and the buoyancy frequency
(Dougherty–Ozmidov scaling). The model agrees well with the observations and yields a scaling relationship for the ice–water heat flux as a function
of the shear velocity squared. The ice–water heat fluxes in the field were the largest among all reported in lakes (up to 40 W m−2) and
scaled well against the proposed relationship. The ultimate finding is that of a strong dependence of the water–ice heat flux on the shear velocity
under ice. The result suggests large errors in the heat flux estimations when the traditional “bulk” approach is applied to stratified boundary
layers. It also implies that under-ice currents may have much stronger effect on the ice melt than estimated by traditional models.
Design and analysis of a wake steering controller with wind direction variability
Authors: Simley Eric , Fleming Paul , King Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Wind farm control strategies are being developed to mitigate wake losses in wind farms, increasing energy production. Wake steering is a type of wind farm control in which a wind turbine's yaw position is misaligned from the wind direction, causing its wake to deflect away from downstream turbines. Current modeling tools used to optimize and estimate energy gains from wake steering are designed to represent wakes for fixed wind directions. However, wake steering controllers must operate in dynamic wind conditions and a turbine's yaw position cannot perfectly track changing wind directions. Research has been conducted on robust wake steering control optimized for variable wind directions. In this paper, the design and analysis of a wake steering controller with wind direction variability is presented for a two-turbine array using the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) control-oriented wake model. First, the authors propose a method for modeling the turbulent and low-frequency components of the wind direction, where the slowly varying wind direction serves as the relevant input to the wake model. Next, we explain a procedure for finding optimal yaw offsets for dynamic wind conditions considering both wind direction and yaw position uncertainty. We then performed simulations with the optimal yaw offsets applied using a realistic yaw offset controller in conjunction with a baseline yaw controller, showing good agreement with the predicted energy gain using the probabilistic model. Using the Gaussian wake model in FLORIS as an example, we compared the performance of yaw offset controllers optimized for static and dynamic wind conditions for different turbine spacings and turbulence intensity values, assuming uniformly distributed wind directions. For a spacing of five rotor diameters and a turbulence intensity of 10 %, robust yaw offsets optimized for variable wind directions yielded an energy gain equivalent to 3.24 % of wake losses recovered, compared to 1.42 % of wake losses recovered with yaw offsets optimized for static wind directions. In general, accounting for wind direction variability in the yaw offset optimization process was found to improve energy production more as the separation distance increased, whereas the relative improvement remained roughly the same for the range of turbulence intensity values considered.
Feasibility analysis of flexible bronchoscopy in conjunction with noninvasive ventilation for therapy of hypoxemic patients with Central Airway Obstruction: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Xiaoke , Zhou Yiping , Yu Haiqiong , Peng Yue , Xia Liping , Liu Nian , Lin Hairong 
Published: April 2020

Background
Interventional bronchoscopy for hypoxemic patients with central airway obstruction (CAO) is typically performed under general anesthesia. This approach poses remarkable challenge for both bronchoscopist and anesthesiologist. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) has been successfully used in hypoxemic patients, but rarely in the treatment of hypoxemic patients with CAO.

Objective
To evaluate the feasibility of therapeutic FB assisted with NIV for therapy of hypoxemic patients with CAO.

Method
Twenty-nine hypoxemic CAO patients treated with FB from December 2010 to May 2016 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed, either aided with NIV under sedation (NIV group ) or through artificial airway under general anesthesia (control group). Interventional procedures included balloon dilation, electrocautery and argon plasma coagulation

Result
Fifteen patients were enrolled in the NIV group and 14 in the control group. The success rate (93.3% VS 92.9%, p = 1.0), procedure time (60.5 ± 4.2 min VS 67.8 ± 5.6 min, p = 0.31) and oxygenation improvement between the two groups have no significant difference. Less reduction of systolic blood pressure and heart rate during procedure was observed in the NIV group. The NIV group showed shorter admission time before procedure than the control group (35.1 ± 4.6 h VS 55.6 ± 5.6 h, p < 0.01). In addition, procedure fee in the NIV group was significantly less than that in the control group (540.7 ± 62.8$ VS975.4 ± 69.5$, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
FB assisted with NIV is a safe, efficient and economic method for therapy of selected hypoxemic patients with CAO.
Pre‐column derivatization method for determining phenylephrine in human plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Li Li , Wang Yong , Chen Guanglei , Dong Kelly , Song Haifeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a rapid derivatization liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated to evaluate phenylephrine in human plasma. The plasma samples were processed to precipitate the proteins, followed by derivatization of the phenylephrine in the plasma with dansyl‐chloride solution and extraction with methyl tert‐butyl ether–n‐hexane (2:1, v/v). The treated samples were analyzed on a Gemini C18 column with 3 min gradient elution, and sensitive detection was achieved with a Waters TQ‐s. The method gave linear results over a concentration range from 0.020 to 10.0 ng/ml. The lower limit of quantification was 0.020 ng/ml. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision was <15%, and accuracy was 95.0–105.3%. The validated LC–MS/MS method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic analysis of phenylephrine in Chinese subjects with common cold after a single‐dose administration of 5, 10 or 20 mg phenylephrine. This pre‐column derivatization method may also be applied for the analysis of endogenous hormones such as norepinephrine and adrenaline in a biological matrix.
Epstein‐Barr Virus‐related mucocutaneous ulcer lymphoma associated with Crohn's disease, treated with monoclonal antibody anti‐CD30
Authors: Montes Lydia , Tredez Estelle , Yzet Clara , Delette Caroline , Chatelain Denis , Lebon Delphine , Fumery Mathurin , Marolleau Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus‐related mucocutaneous ulcer lymphoma is a rare entity promoted by immunosuppression. It is less described in inflammatory bowel diseases, and mostly these are refractory diseases. CD30 acts to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) local proliferation and thus could be an interesting target. Brentuximab vedotin could become a new helpful tool.
Identifying the Active Silver Species in Carbonylation of Dimethyl Ether over Ag−HMOR
Authors: Li Shiyue , Cai Kai , Li Ying , Liu Shuaipeng , Yu Man , Wang Yue , Ma Xinbin , Huang Shouying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs one of the key steps in ethanol production from syngas, dimethyl ether (DME) carbonylation to methyl acetate (MA) catalyzed by zeolite has drawn much attention. H‐mordenite (HMOR) modified with metal has been continuously developed for improving catalytic performance. Here, we investigated the role of Ag species through three series of Ag−HMOR catalysts prepared through altering Ag loading, varying reduction temperature and additional ion exchange. TEM, XPS, CO FTIR and UV‐Vis spectroscopy were employed to identify the nature and the amount of Ag species in xAg−HM with different Ag loading. Taken together with catalytic performance evaluation, 5Ag−HM with the moderate size of Ag0 species (Agnδ+ and Agm clusters) was proved to have greatest promotion effect on DME carbonylation. This was also evidenced by further improved MA formation rate over catalysts via elevating reduction temperature or via additional NH4Cl ion exchange, which contained more Ag0 and fewer Ag+ species respectively. These provide insight into metal‐modified HMOR, inspiring design and fabrication of zeolite catalysts with multi‐active sites.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Chromanes by Copper‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of 2H‐Chromenes
Authors: Yang Qingjing , Li Sifeng , Wang Jun (Joelle) 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA copper/(R)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS‐catalyzed enantioselective hydroamination of 2H‐chromenes employing hydrosilanes and hydroxylamine esters has been developed. This protocol offers a highly efficient and direct route for accessing a series of 4‐aminochromanes in 50–88 % yields with 59–99 % enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions.
Exosomes as a Source of Cancer Biomarkers: Advances in Electrochemical Biosensing of Exosomes
Authors: Lorencova Lenka , Bertok Tomas , Bertokova Aniko , Gajdosova Veronika , Hroncekova Stefania , Vikartovska Alica , Kasak Peter , Tkac Jan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr. Jan Tkac (head of the Department of Glycobiotechnology at the Institute of Chemistry at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia). The cover picture shows a common eukaryotic cell with basic organelles, as well as intracellular formation/preparation of exosomes for express delivery to distant tissues. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/celc.202000075.
Nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II with merged strategies for industrial network topology optimization
Authors: Wang Junyan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryFast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) is a popular multiobjective optimization method. However, the tournament selection strategy for crossover operator suffers from the drawback of repetitively selecting the same individuals, resulting in unsatisfying performance. To alleviate this problem, this article first proposes to employk‐means clustering strategy to divide the candidate individuals into multiple clusters. After that, the crossover operator are redefined with three crossover individuals, where the first and second individuals are forced to selected from the same cluster and the second and third ones are from different clusters. The newly proposed crossover operator is not only able to alleviate the phenomenon above, but also able to retain the advantage of the original tournament selection strategy. The proposed method is verified on two popular test suits, including DTLZ and ZDT test suit and an industrial network topology optimization problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent performance on both the two test suits and the practical network topology optimization.
Preschool Obesity Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Childhood Fracture: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of 466,997 Children and Up to 11 Years of Follow-up in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Lane Jennifer CE , Butler Katherine L , Poveda-Marina Jose Luis , Martinez-Laguna Daniel , Reyes Carlen , de Bont Jeroen , Javaid Muhammad Kassim , Logue Jennifer , Compston Juliet E , Cooper Cyrus , Duarte-Salles Talita , Furniss Dominic , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine if having an overweight or obese range body mass index (BMI) at time of beginning school is associated with increased fracture incidence in childhood. A dynamic cohort was created from children presenting for routine preschool primary care screening, collected in the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) platform in Catalonia, Spain. Data were collected from 296 primary care centers representing 74% of the regional pediatric population. A total of 466,997 children (48.6% female) with a validated weight and height measurement within routine health care screening at age 4 years (±6 months) between 2006 and 2013 were included, and followed up to the age of 15, migration out of region, death, or until December 31, 2016. BMI was calculated at age 4 years and classified using WHO growth tables, and fractures were identified using previously validated ICD10 codes in electronic primary care records, divided by anatomical location. Actuarial lifetables were used to calculate cumulative incidence. Cox regression was used to investigate the association of BMI category and fracture risk with adjustment for socioeconomic status, age, sex, and nationality. Median follow-up was 4.90 years (interquartile range [IQR] 2.50 to 7.61). Cumulative incidence of any fracture during childhood was 9.20% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.79% to 14.61%) for underweight, 10.06% (9.82% to 10.29%) for normal weight, 11.28% (10.22% to 12.35%) for overweight children, and 13.05% (10.69% to 15.41%) for children with obesity. Compared with children of normal range weight, having an overweight and obese range BMI was associated with an excess risk of lower limb fracture (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42 [1.26 to 1.59]; 1.74 [1.46 to 2.06], respectively) and upper limb fracture (adjusted HR = 1.10 [1.03 to 1.17]; 1.19 [1.07 to 1.31]). Overall, preschool children with an overweight or obese range BMI had increased incidence of upper and lower limb fractures in childhood compared with contemporaries of normal weight. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.