bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-chronic toxicity evaluation of top three commercial herbal antimalarial preparations in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Adusei-Mensah Frank , Tikkanen-Kaukanen Carina , Kauhanen Jussi , Henneh Isaac Tabiri , Owusu Agyei Phyllis Elsie , Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Ekor Martins 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Safety data on commonly used herbal medicinal (HM) products (HMPs) and marketed in Ghana are scarce. We assessed the sub-chronic toxicity of three most-patronised commercial antimalarial HMPs in Kumasi, Ghana.
Method: Top three HMPs (designated as herbal products ‘A’ (HPA), ‘B’ (HPB) and ‘C’ (HPC)) were selected after a mini-survey and sub-chronic toxicity evaluation conducted in accordance with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 407 guidelines. Control rats received clean water while test groups received daily adult human dose (DAHD), 5× DAHD or 10× DAHD of either HPA, HPB or HPC for 30 days. Rats were killed on day 31 to obtain biochemical, haematology and histology samples for analysis. Data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s test.
Results: The three HMPs produced alterations in liver morphology predominantly characterised by prominent foci of fatty change with scattered hepatocytes containing intracytoplasmic fat globules and congested central veins and sinusoids. The lungs showed alveolar with evidence of inflammation and foci of epithelial sloughing. Alveolar spaces were also obscured by debris and inflammatory cells. HPA and HPC produced scattered intensely congested heart vessels while HPB(10) produced haemorrhage and amorphous exudates within the heart. All HMPs produced neither treatment-related deaths nor significant change in haematological and biochemical parameters, except for HPA and HPB which decreased (P&lt;0.05) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and HPB, which elevated (P&lt;0.05) fasting blood glucose (FBG).
Conclusion: Data from the present study suggest the potential of the herbal products (HPs), HPA, HPB and HPC, to cause major organ-system dysfunction or damage. We advise cautious use of these products and recommend further safety evaluation in chronic toxicity models.
The protective effect of PPARγ in sepsis-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting PTEN/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Liu Lili , Chen Junyi , Zhang Xiaofang , Cui Xue , Qiao Nana , Zhang Yun , Yang Jie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present study aims to reveal the molecular mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). To do that, the rat injury model was established using cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) method, followed by different treatments, and the rats were divided into Sham group, CLP group, CLP + rosiglitazone (PPARγ agonist) group, CLP + GW9662 (PPARγ inhibitor) group, CLP + bpV (phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitor) group, CLP + GW9662 + bpV group. Compared with Sham group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ were down-regulated, the inflammation levels were elevated, and the apoptosis was increased in CLP group. After treatment with rosiglitazone, the protein expression level of PPARγ was significantly up-regulated, the phosphorylation level of PTEN/β-catenin pathway was decreased, the PTEN/β-catenin pathway was inhibited, the lung injury, inflammation and apoptosis were reduced. The opposite effect was observed after treatment with GW9662. Besides, bpV inhibited PTEN/β-catenin pathway, and relieved the lung tissue injury. The overexpression of PPARγ reduced inflammatory response and inhibited apoptosis in sepsis-induced ALI. Furthermore, PPARγ relieved the sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting the PTEN/β-catenin pathway.
Children's Active Engagement in Public School Language Therapy Relates to Greater Gains
Authors: Schmitt Mary Beth 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe current study examined children's engagement as an active ingredient of language therapy in public schools and considered the potential interplay between engagement and dose on outcomes.MethodParticipants included 135 children with language impairment receiving business-as-usual therapy from 70 speech-language pathologists. Two videotaped therapy sessions from each participating child were coded for children's level of engagement and time in language-focused therapy (dose).ResultsHierarchical linear modeling was used for analyses; children's level of engagement (i.e., active engagement) was significantly, positively related to children's language gain and was not moderated by dose.ConclusionFindings suggest that children's active participation in therapy sessions is a significant component to effective language therapy and underscores the need for further research.
“Are We Done Yet?” Question-Asking in Boys With Fragile X Syndrome and Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Friedman Laura , Lorang Emily , Hilvert Elizabeth , Sterling Audra 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Question-asking serves as a tool to learn new information and is important in both academic and social settings. Boys with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and boys with fragile X syndrome and comorbid ASD (FXS + ASD) have similar social communication deficits, which may have downstream effects on their question-asking ability. This study examined question-asking in school-age boys with idiopathic ASD and FXS + ASD, including the role of ASD severity, expressive grammatical complexity (measured by mean length of utterance [MLU]), and IQ.

Method
Twenty-five boys with FXS + ASD and 21 boys with idiopathic ASD (ages 9–16 years) were included in this study. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule assessments were transcribed and coded for the frequency, function, and appropriateness of spontaneous questions asked. We examined group differences in these aspects of question-asking and relationships between question-asking and ASD severity, MLU, and IQ within each group.

Results
Boys with FXS + ASD asked more questions than boys with idiopathic ASD, although boys with idiopathic ASD asked a higher proportion of appropriate questions. Boys with idiopathic ASD also asked the examiner more personal questions than the boys with FXS + ASD. ASD severity and MLU were related to the proportion of clarification questions in FXS + ASD, and ASD severity was also related to the proportion of personal questions in this group. For the boys with idiopathic ASD, ASD severity was related to the total number of questions asked.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight similarities and differences between boys with FXS + ASD and idiopathic ASD in their spontaneous question production and indicate that ASD severity and grammatical language are differentially important for question-asking. This study has implications for targeted treatment in question-asking skills for boys with FXS + ASD and ASD.
Acoustics of Retroflex Sounds in Hindi and Other Languages
Authors: Chawla Taniya , Meigh Kimberly M. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeRetroflex sounds are frequently misarticulated speech sounds in India (Kaur et al., 2017). This may be due to its complex movement that involves the tongue tip to be curled backward and often in contact behind the alveolar ridge (Hamann, 2003). However, there is a paucity of acoustic studies that have measured different types of retroflex sounds in Hindi and other languages. The aim of this article is to provide information regarding the acoustic characteristics of retroflex speech sounds in Hindi and other languages.ConclusionOf all retroflex sounds, stop retroflex manner of articulation is the most studied. Formant frequencies help in distinguishing different places of articulation. Formant frequency F3 distinguishes retroflex sounds, whereas vowels play a crucial role in identifying the retroflex sound. There are insufficient acoustic data for retroflex sounds of manners different than stops (e.g., Hindi retroflex tap), which may lead to a lack of evidence-based assessment and treatment for these sounds.
A multi-diagnostic spectral analysis of penumbral microjets
Authors: Drews Ainar , van der Voort Luc Rouppe 
Published: May 2020

Context. Penumbral microjets (PMJs) are short-lived, jet-like objects found in the penumbra of sunspots. They were first discovered in chromospheric lines and have later also been shown to exhibit signals in transition region (TR) lines. Their origin and manner of evolution is not yet settled.
Aims. We perform a comprehensive analysis of PMJs through the use of spectral diagnostics that span from photospheric to TR temperatures to constrain PMJ properties.
Methods We employed high-spatial-resolution Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope observations in the Ca II 8542 Å and H α lines, IRIS slit-jaw images, and IRIS spectral observations in the Mg II h & k lines, the Mg II 2798.75 Å & 2798.82 Å triplet blend, the C II 1334 Å & 1335 Å lines, and the Si IV 1394 Å & 1403 Å lines. We derived a wide range of spectral diagnostics from these and investigated other secondary phenomena associated with PMJs.
Results. We find that PMJs exhibit varying degrees of signal in all of our studied spectral lines. We find low or negligible Doppler velocities and velocity gradients throughout our diagnostics and all layers of the solar atmosphere associated with these. Dark features in the inner wings of H α and Ca II 8542 Å imply that PMJs form along pre-existing fibril structures. We find evidence for upper photospheric heating in a subset of PMJs through emission in the wings of the Mg II triplet lines. There is little evidence for ubiquitous twisting motion in PMJs. There is no marked difference in onset-times for PMJ brightenings in different spectral lines.
Conclusions. PMJs most likely exhibit only very modest mass-motions, contrary to earlier suggestions. We posit that PMJs form at upper photospheric or chromospheric heights at pre-existing fibril structures.
Doppelbilder und eine falsche Fährte
Authors: Weigel Karolin , Lobsien Elmar , Lobsien Donald , Brodhun Michael , Conrad Elke , Steinbrecher Andreas 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungEine 72-jährige Patientin konsultierte das Notfallzentrum aufgrund akut aufgetretener horizontaler Doppelbilder. Klinisch-neurologisch zeigte sich eine isolierte Abduzensparese links. Diagnostisch fanden sich bereits im Rahmen der Erstvorstellung ein erhöhtes Serum-ACE und eine betonte rechte Hilusfigur in der Röntgenaufnahme des Thorax, sodass der V. a. Sarkoidose bestand. Die Patientin lehnte eine weitere Diagnostik zu diesem Zeitpunkt ab. Wenige Tage später kam es zur erneuten stationären Aufnahme bei zunehmender Sehverschlechterung und Lidheberschwäche links, Schwäche des rechten Arms, Schmerzen zervikothorakal und allgemeiner Kraftlosigkeit. Klinisch-neurologisch zeigte sich nun eine Visusminderung mit externer Ophthalmoplegie und Ptosis links sowie ein C8 Syndrom rechts. Es erfolgten ein MRT der Neuroachse sowie der Orbitae, CT-Thorax / Abdomen, Lumbalpunktion, bronchoalveoläre Lavage, FDG-PET/CT sowie Elektrophysiologie. Bildmorphologisch waren multilokuläre Läsionen, u.a. im Orbitatrichter links und intraspinal epidural sowie Lymphknoten-Manifestationen u.a. retroperitoneal darstellbar. Laborchemisch waren die Serumwerte für ACE, sIL2-Rezeptor und die CD4 / CD8-Ratio erhöht und in der BAL eine lymphozytäre Alveolitis nachweisbar. Die, unter der Verdachtsdiagnose einer Sarkoidose, durchgeführte Biopsie aus dem Weichteilgewebe unterhalb des M. masseters links ergab ein diffuses großzelliges B-Zell-Lymphom. Eine Immun-Chemotherapie nach dem R-CHOP-Schema mit kurativem Ansatz wurde eingeleitet. Der Fall zeigt die fehlende Spezifität der erhobenen klinischen, labor- und liquordiagnostischen sowie bildgebenden Befunde und illustriert die Notwendigkeit der histologischen Sicherung in der Differentialdiagnose der Sarkoidose.
HELLP Syndrome or Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: A Differential Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Rath Werner , Tsikouras Panagiotis , Stelzl Patrick 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHELLP syndrome and the less common acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFL) are unpredictable, life-threatening complications of pregnancy. The similarities in their clinical and laboratory presentations are often challenging for the obstetrician when making a differential diagnosis. Both diseases are characterised by microvesicular steatosis of varying degrees of severity. A specific risk profile does not exist for either of the entities. Genetic defects in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and multiple pregnancy are considered to be common predisposing factors. The diagnosis of AFL is based on a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. The Swansea criteria have been proposed as a diagnostic tool for orientation. HELLP syndrome is a laboratory diagnosis based on the triad of haemolysis, elevated aminotransferase levels and a platelet count < 100 G/l. Generalised malaise, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain are common symptoms of both diseases, making early diagnosis difficult. Clinical differences include a lack of polydipsia/polyuria in HELLP syndrome, while jaundice is more common and more pronounced in AFL, there is a lower incidence of hypertension and proteinuria, and patients with AFL may develop encephalopathy with rapid progression to acute liver failure. In contrast, neurological symptoms such as severe headache and visual disturbances are more prominent in patients with HELLP syndrome. In terms of laboratory findings, AFL can be differentiated from HELLP syndrome by the presence of leucocytosis, hypoglycaemia, more pronounced hyperbilirubinemia, an initial lack of haemolysis and thrombocytopenia < 100 G/l, as well as lower antithrombin levels < 65% and prolonged prothrombin times. While HELLP syndrome has a fluctuating clinical course with rapid exacerbation within hours or transient remissions, AFL rapidly progresses to acute liver failure if the infant is not delivered immediately. The only causal treatment for both diseases is immediate delivery. Expectant management between 24 + 0 and 33 + 6 weeks of gestation is recommended for HELLP syndrome, but only in cases where the mother can be stabilised and there is no evidence of foetal compromise. The maternal mortality rate for HELLP syndrome in developed countries is approximately 1%, while the rate for AFL is 1.8 – 18%. Perinatal mortality rates are 7 – 20% and 15 – 20%, respectively. While data on the long-term impact of AFL on the health of mother and child is still insufficient, HELLP syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases in later life.
Zurück in den Ring
Authors: Rossel Bastian , Gunti Annina 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDer 27-jährige Thaiboxer hat nach einem Trauma Schwierigkeiten, seinen Arm beim Schlag zu kontrollieren und die nötige Geschwindigkeit für einen erfolgreichen
Schlag aufzubringen. Die Physiotherapeuten Bastian Rossel und Annina Gunti evaluieren und therapieren das Problem des Patienten anhand des Algorithmus BeSos –
mit Erfolg. Vier Monate nach Therapiestart steht der Boxer wieder im Ring.
Bewegungsgesundheit der Skapula
Authors: Karlinger Thomas 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungBewegungsgesundheit bedeutet, viel Bewegungsvariabilität zur Verfügung zu haben. Therapeuten untersuchen die Bewegungsgesundheit, indem sie das bevorzugte
Bewegungsmuster und die kognitive Bewegungskontrolle analysieren. Fundierte anatomische Kenntnisse und eine scharfe Beobachtungsgabe sind dabei wesentlich, um
das Problem zu identifizieren.
Schmerzedukation – aktueller denn je
Authors: Bucher-Dollenz Gerti 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie immer komplexeren Patientenprobleme verlangen von Manualtherapeuten den bewussten Einsatz von Edukationsstrategien. Schmerzedukation zählt zu den wichtigsten
edukativen Maßnahmen bei Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen. Dabei zeigt eine individualisierte Edukation den größten Effekt.Die wenigsten physiotherapeutischen Curricula berücksichtigen Schmerzedukation. Diese könnte jedoch einen wichtigen Schritt in Richtung weitere
Professionalisierung der Physiotherapie darstellen. Sie ist ein Tool im Rahmen des Patientenmanagements und sollte ebenso wie andere Herangehensweisen auf
metakognitiver Ebene reflektiert werden.
Sialoscintigraphy – Shopworn or Bestselling? A Traditional Procedure with New Prominent Role in Theranostics and Immuno-Oncology
Authors: Kreppel Barbara , Gaertner Florian C. , Essler Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSialoscintigraphy has been used in nuclear imaging for almost sixty years. It allows functional assessment and quantification of all large salivary glands. Physiological function of the salivary glands is essential for the preservation of the oral mucosa, the sense of taste and dental health. Impaired salivary gland function may lead to reduced or even absent salivation resulting in various complaints such as loss of taste reducing quality of life. During the recent years clinical relevance of assessment of salivary gland function has been rising. As novel radiopharmaceuticals such as 225Ac-PSMA or 177Lu-PSMA may cause damage to the salivary glands in a subset of patients, reliable methods for quantification of salivary gland function are vital for therapy planning and follow-up. Standardized protocols for the implementation and interpretation of this procedure are necessary to achieve comparable results from individual theranostic centers and to facilitate multicenter trials. Sialocintigraphy is also of clinical relevance for immunooncology. Treatments with checkpoint inhibitors such as Ipilimumab or Nivulomab frequently cause autoimmune disorders affecting the salivary glands that may lead to reduced production of saliva and finally loss of taste. Therefore, standardized procedure protocols for sialoscintigraphy are also important for general oncology.Here we suggest a protocol for sialoscintigraphy that may be used as standard in centers for theranostics or immunooncology and discuss the potential future role of this traditional procedure.
Heparin-Coated Liposomes Improve Antiplasmodial Activity and Reduce
the Toxicity of Poupartone B
Authors: Ledoux Allison , Mamede Lucia , Palazzo Claudio , Furst Tania , Jansen Olivia , De Tullio Pascal , Kagisha Védaste , Pendeville Hélène , Fillet Marianne , Piel Géraldine , Frédérich Michel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPoupartone B is an alkyl cyclohexenone derivative isolated from Poupartia
borbonica. This compound demonstrated promising antimalarial activity
(IC50 < 1 µg/mL), however, it was not
devoid of toxicity. Thus, to reduce the adverse side effects of this natural
bioactive molecule, a delivery strategy involving a nanostructure was
formulated. Additionally, poupartone B-loaded liposomes were coated with
heparin, a glycosaminoglycan that is known to target proteins on the surface of
Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. The quantification of
the compound in the formulation was performed by HPLC-DAD, while heparin was
quantitated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The liposomes’
antiplasmodial activity was tested on artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum
isolate, and toxicity was evaluated on human HeLa cells and zebrafish embryos.
Throughout this research, the formulation demonstrated higher antiplasmodial
activities against both P. falciparum strains and a significant decrease
of in vitro toxicity. The formulation improved the selectivity index 2
times in vitro and proved to be 3 times less toxic than the compound
alone in the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test. Hence, the use of this
strategy to deliver natural products in Plasmodium-infected cells,
particularly those with a narrow therapeutic margin, is proposed.
RELATION BETWEEN SALIVARY AND SERUM VITAMIN C LEVELS AND DENTAL CARIES EXPERIENCE IN ADULTS - A BIOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: Hegde Mithra N. , Kumari Suchetha , Hegde Nidarsh D. , Shetty Shilpa S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the vitamin C levels in saliva and serum of caries free and caries active adults and to correlate the vitamin C level with DMFT index (D=decayed, m=missing, f=filled, t=teeth) index. The present study included eighty healthy adults who were divided into four groups; Control, Group- I, Group II and Group- III with a DMFT index 0, <3, <10 and > 10 respectively. Saliva and serum samples were collected from all the four groups. The vitamin C of saliva and serum was estimated by dinitro phenyl hydrazine (DNPH) method. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the vitamin C levels of saliva and serum. Only differences with 'p'value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Saliva and serum vitamin C level decreases with increase in caries activity and is statistically significant suggesting the powerful antioxidant property of vitamin C.
ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE MODERATOR BAND
Authors: Y. Raghavendra A. , Kumar Arunachalam , Tarvadi Pratik , R. Harsha C. ,   Kavitha
Published: May 2020

AbstractModerator band is a muscular trabecula which extends from interventricular septal wall to the base of anterior papillary muscle in right ventricle of heart. This study was conducted on 20 hearts from adult human cadavers. Out of 20 specimens of heart we could observe the presence of moderator band in 17 and in rest 3 it was not visible for record. Origin length, thickness and distance from tricuspid valve were noted. The average length of the moderator band was 13.82cm with the SD of 3.94 and the average thickness being 4.46cm with the SD of 1.36. The average distance from tricuspid valve was 3.6cm with the SD of 1.01. As the moderator bands, or other large trabeculations, can be major obstacle for the repair of apical ventricular septal defects, the morphometric study of moderator band may help the surgeons during surgical procedures conducted for correction of such defects.
STUDY OF ACCESSORY FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIA IN CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
Authors: Rathnakar Pretty , K. Remya ,   Swathi
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cervical vertebrae presents foramen transversaria in each transverse process. In all but the seventh cervical vertebra, the foramen normally transmits vertebral artery and vein and a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion.140 cervical vertebrae were studied. Variations were noticed in the number of foramen transversarium unilaterally and bilaterally. Variations in foramen transversarium may indicate the variation in course of vertebral arteries
A CASE OF SPHENOID SINUS MUCOCELE FOLLOWING ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY FOR FUNGAL SINUSITIS
Authors: B. Satheesh Kumar Bhandary , Bhat Vadisha Srinivas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParanasal sinus mucoceles are common in frontal sinus, followed by ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Sphenoid sinus is the least common site of mucocele, representing less than 2% of all paranasal sinus mucoceles. Here we present a case of sphenoid sinus mucocele, developing in a patient, who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for fungal sinusitis involving the sphenoid sinus, presented with headache as the only complaint. The mucocele was diagnosed radiologically and was treated surgically by endoscopic sinus surgery.