bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How transformational leadership facilitates innovation capability: the mediating role of employees' psychological capital
Authors: Lei Hui , Leaungkhamma Lathong , Le Phong Ba 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effects of transformational leadership on individuals and organization’s innovation capability via the mediating role of employees' positive psychological capital (Psy-Cap) namely self-efficacy and optimism.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test proposal hypotheses through the empirical data collected from 330 participants at 90 firms in Vietnam.FindingsThe research findings revealed that self-efficacy and optimism significantly mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation capabilities. In addition, self-efficacy has a greater impact on innovation capabilities compared with the effect of optimism.Practical implicationsThe findings highlight the important role of practicing transformational leadership style to nurture and foster both employees' positive psychology sources and firms' innovation capability.Originality/valueThe paper has significantly advanced and deepened our understanding of how transformational leaders connect with employees to nurture and develop one of the most special aspects of human resource in contemporary working environment called employees' positive Psy-Cap for stimulating firm's innovation capabilities.
Residual life assessment method for polymethyl methacrylate
Authors: Wei Tao , Zhao Sijin , Gao Zongzhan , Zhang Ke , Gou Wenxuan , Dang Yangfan 
Published: April 2020

PurposeFatigue and creep are the key factors for the failure of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in the engineering structure, so a great of quantity attention is focused on the life prediction under the creep and fatigue conditions. This paper aims to mainly summarize the traditional life assessment method (S–N curve), life assessment method based on crazing density and life assessment method based on transmittance. S–N curve and classical creep curve are introduced on the traditional life assessment method; the variation of the craze density with the logarithm of cyclic numbers is given in different fatigue load. A linear relationship is obtained, and a higher stress leads to a higher slope, suggesting a faster growth of craze. Furthermore, a craze density model is purposed to describe this relationship; the variation of craze density with the time at different creep load is given. The craze density has two obvious stages. At the first stage, craze density ranged from approximately 0.02 to 0.17, and a linear relationship is obtained. In the following stage, a nonlinear relationship appears till specimen rupture, a new creep life model is proposed to depict two stages. The relationship between transmission and time under creep load is shown. With increasing of time, the transmittance shows a nonlinear decrease. Through polynomial nonlinear fitting, a relationship between the transmittance and residual life can be obtained. To provide reference for the life assessment of transparent materials, the paper compares three life assessment methods of PMMA.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the traditional life assessment method (S–N curve), life assessment method based on crazing density, life assessment method based on transmittance.FindingsThe variation of the craze density with the logarithm of cyclic numbers is given in different fatigue loads. A linear relationship is obtained, and a higher stress leads to a higher slope, suggesting a faster growth of craze. Furthermore, a craze density model is proposed to describe this relationship, and the variation of craze density with the time at different creep loads is given. The craze density has two obvious stages. The relationship between transmission and time under creep load is shown. With increasing of time, the transmittance shows a nonlinear decrease. Through polynomial nonlinear fitting, a relationship between the transmittance and residual life can be obtained.Originality/valueFatigue and creep are the key factors for the failure of PMMA in the engineering structure, so a great of quantity attention is focused on the life prediction under the conditions of creep and fatigue. This paper mainly summarizes traditional life assessment method (S–N curve), life assessment method based on crazing density and life assessment method based on transmittance.
Novel tanning agent based on silica-nanocomposite emulsion polymers
Authors: H. Abd El-Wahab , Abd El-Monem Farouk , M.A. Naser , A.I. Hussain , Nashy El-Shahat H.A. , L. Lin 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is devoted to application of the emulsion polymer of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) prepared with in situ nano-silica as a novel tanning agent of hide to partly or totally replace chrome salt and to improve physical, thermal and mechanical properties of the tanned leather and to reduce the environmental impact of chrome tanning effluent.

Design/methodology/approach
Polymer/nano-silica hybrid emulsions were prepared via in situ seed emulsion polymerisation. The prepared polymers were characterised for solid content, molecular weight, viscosity, drying time, minimum film-forming temperature (MFFT) and microstructures (via transmission electron microscopy). The mechanical, thermal and surface morphological (by scanning electron microscope) properties of the treated samples were also investigated. The influences of the increase in the content of organic nano-silica on the properties of the tanned leather are discussed.

Findings
It was found that the viscosity, the particle size and the solid content of the prepared polymers increased as the content of the nano-silica increased while gloss and drying time of the resulting polymer film decreased. Tanning buffalo hide by Polymer F (containing a high content of nano-silica) gave desirable properties in terms of tensile strength, thermal stability and shrinkage temperature.

Research limitations/implications
This paper discusses the preparation and the characterisation of emulsion polymers with in situ nano-silica and their application in tanning process to enhance and improve the leather quality, as well as reduce the use of chrome tanning materials and consequently chrome tanning waste.

Practical implications
The tanned leather showed an improvement of physico-mechanical properties and enhancement of thermal stability. Furthermore, the tanned leather has uniform colour, softness and firmness of grain. All these promising results provide evidence to support the applicability of the prepared co-polymer/nano-silica emulsions as an efficient tanning agent that also provides lubricating properties for leather.

Originality/value
Since May 2015, REACH Annex XVII restricts Cr(VI) in leather articles or leather parts of articles that come into contact with skin to a concentration of less than 3 mg/kg. Cases of discovery of Cr(VI) in leather papers have been reported by the European rapid alert system on dangerous consumer products (RAPEX). The emulsion poly (methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) with in situ nano-silica that has been developed via the study reported in this paper is one of the better technologies for the reduction of chromium ratio used in tanning industry.
A framework for screening and portfolio selection in corporate venture capital
Authors: Herberger Tim Alexander , Reinle Felix 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline and demonstrate a method for screening and selection of potential portfolio companies (PCs) during the screening phase in corporate venture capital.

Design/methodology/approach
The use of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) enables the consideration of individual, heterogeneous and multidimensional decision criteria in portfolio selection and the preceding screening process by the investor.

Findings
The result of this method is a relative ranking of the PCs, with all the PCs considered serving as peer group. A weighting of individual criteria is not necessary because it is part of the functionality of DEA. The authors validate the proposed approach in a case study and show that it can be well combined with other models and theoretical frameworks.

Practical implications
The method is particularly useful in two cases. First, if a highly specialized investor wishes to use a variety of individual selection criteria for portfolio selection. Second, if an investor only has insufficient (financial) data on potential PCs, but still wants to make a (pre-) selection based on observable (qualitative) characteristics. This model helps to make consistent, intersubjectively comprehensible decisions based on valid decision criteria and helps to optimize the decision-making process in the context of portfolio selection in CVC.

Originality/value
This method allows the systematic selection of an attractive group from a large number of potential PCs, based on observable characteristics and taking into account individual strategic investment objectives, without having to make assumptions about underlying distributions or weights of decision criteria.
Global value chain embeddedness, labour productivity and employment in the Asia-Pacific countries
Authors: Jangam Bhushan Praveen 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the global value chain (GVC) participation and the associated improvements in labour productivity and employment among 16 Asia-Pacific countries.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the indicators of GVC participation are computed using annual multi-region input-output tables over the period 1990-2014. Second, the study examines the long-run association between GVCs and labour productivity through Pedroni (2004) and Westerlund (2007) panel cointegration techniques. Then in the third step, the long-run elasticities are estimated using dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fixed-random effects models. Finally, the direction of causality is examined using the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality technique.

Findings
The result shows an increasing participation of GVCs among Asia-Pacific countries. The findings also show the long-run relationship between GVCs and labour productivity. The long-run elasticities suggest the positive association of GVCs with labour productivity and employment. Further, the categorization of Asia-Pacific countries based on income groups reveals that improvement in labour productivity and employment outcomes is significantly greater in the case of middle-income countries. Finally, the results from panel causality infer that the direction of causality runs from GVCs to labour productivity and GVCs to employment.

Practical implications
The findings enable policymakers to formulate appropriate policies in Asia-Pacific countries to keep the momentum of increasing their participation in GVC for boosting labour productivity and employment gains.

Originality/value
To the author’s knowledge, this is the first empirical study examining the spillover effects of GVC on labour productivity and employment in case of Asia-Pacific countries.
Exploring the relationships between dynamic capabilities and IT governance
Authors: Luna-Reyes Luis , Juiz Carlos , Gutierrez-Martinez Isis , Duhamel Francois Bernard 
Published: April 2020

PurposeInformation technology (IT) constitutes an important driver for innovation in the public sector. However, taking advantage of IT to innovate requires the existence of other organizational and institutional capabilities within the public organization. Using absorptive capability theory, the purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between principles for IT governance and dynamic capabilities across semi-urban (between 10,000 and 149,000 inhabitants), urban (between 150,000 and 600,000 inhabitants) and metropolitan (more than 600,000 inhabitants ) municipal governments in Mexico.Design/methodology/approachThis study reports on three workshops involving 34 chief information officers (CIOs) from semi-urban, urban and metropolitan municipalities. The workshop agenda included a series of brainstorming exercises to discuss – among other topics – the capabilities required for digital government innovation. The capabilities collected during the workshops were codified by the authors based on their relationship to the six IT governance standardized principles and the four dynamic capabilities identified in the literature. The authors used descriptive and correlation analyses to show the importance of governance principles and dynamic capabilities for innovation, as well as the relationships between those two dimensions, in each type of municipality.FindingsThis study shows that specific IT governance principles may enhance innovation capabilities linked with knowledge acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation. Moreover, the ways in which IT governance principles support innovation are linked to size, resources and complexity of the local government. In conclusion, this study discusses the primary IT policy implications to improve possibilities to innovate in the public sector.Originality/valueAlthough researchers and practitioners agree that following principles of good governance may enhance performance and innovation in the provision of public services, the link between the principles of IT governance and capabilities to spur innovation has not yet been fully established in the literature. Thus, in this study, empirical evidence of this linkage is provided.
Plant functional traits shape multiple ecosystem services, their trade‐offs and synergies in grasslands
Authors: Hanisch Mario , Schweiger Oliver , Cord Anna F. , Volk Martin , Knapp Sonja 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Functional traits offer promising avenues to investigate how community composition and diversity define ecosystem functioning and service delivery. In recent years, many empirical studies on the importance of functional traits for ecosystem service provisioning have been undertaken, but a general understanding and synthesis of results is lacking for many ecosystems.

Here we focus on temperate grasslands and present a systematic literature review synthesizing how plant functional traits are interrelated with ecosystem services.

Based on 108 studies, we identified a core set of 40 functional traits and 11 ecosystem services. Several of these traits were only linked to one, while 75% of traits were linked to two or more ecosystem services.

We found that trait‐specific constraints can lead to both synergies and trade‐offs in the supply of multiple ecosystem services. For instance, synergies between biomass production and climate regulation can be achieved by changing morphometric root traits such as increasing root diameter, tissue density or shoot to root ratio. On the other hand, supporting fast‐growing exploitative species characterized by high specific leaf area and nitrogen content typically leads to trade‐offs between fodder quality and water purification.

Synthesis and applications. By applying network analysis, we found five groups of ecosystem services sharing common functional traits. Within and among these groups, we identified trade‐offs among traits as well as among services and found options for synergies. These can be particularly useful in landscape planning, and when management aims focus on maintaining multifunctionality of ecosystems and maximizing corresponding ecosystem service delivery.
Species‐specific variation in germination rates contributes to spatial coexistence more than adult plant water use in four closely related annual flowering plants
Authors: James Aubrie R. M. , Burnette Timothy E. , Mack Jasmine , James David E. , Eckhart Vincent M. , Geber Monica A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Spatial partitioning is a classic hypothesis to explain plant species coexistence, but evidence linking local environmental variation to spatial sorting, demography and species' traits is sparse. If co‐occurring species' performance is optimized differently along environmental gradients because of trait variation, then spatial variation might facilitate coexistence.

We used a system of four naturally co‐occurring species of Clarkia (Onagraceae) to ask whether distribution patchiness corresponds to variation in two environmental variables that contribute to hydrological variation. We then reciprocally sowed Clarkia into each patch type and measured demographic rates in the absence of congeneric competition. Species sorted in patches along one or both gradients, and in three of the four species, germination rate in the ‘home’ patch was higher than all other patches.

Spatially variable germination resulted in the same three species exhibiting the highest population growth rates in their home patches.

Species' trait values related to plant water use, as well as indicators of water stress in home patches, differed among species and corresponded to home patch attributes. However, post‐germination survival did not vary among species or between patch types, and fecundity did not vary spatially.

Synthesis. Our research demonstrates the likelihood that within‐community spatial heterogeneity affects plant species coexistence, and presents novel evidence that differential performance in space is explained by what happens in the germination stage. Despite the seemingly obvious link between adult plant water‐use and variation in the environment, our results distinguish the germination stage as important for spatially variable population performance.
Comparison of effects of L/N‐type and L‐type calcium channel blockers on post‐infarct cardiac remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Naseratun Nessa , Kobara Miyuki , Watanabe Yusuke , Toba Hiroe , Nakata Tetsuo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHypertension and coronary events are becoming more prevalent in aging societies, and myocardial infarction usually occurs in calcium channel blocker (CCB)‐treated hypertensive patients. We herein compared the effects of cilnidipine, an L/N‐type CCB and amlodipine, an L‐type CCB, on post‐infarct left ventricular (LV) remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Male SHRs were subjected to 30 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion (MI group). The administration of cilnidipine (10 mg/kg/d; MI + Cil group) or amlodipine (10 mg/kg/d; MI + Aml group) was initiated one week before surgery and continued for five weeks. Both CCBs decreased blood pressure. Four weeks after surgery, cilnidipine, but not amlodipine, attenuated LV dilatation, fractional shortening impairments, end‐diastolic pressure elevations, and tau elongation. In the non‐infarct region, myocyte hypertrophy and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA levels were similarly attenuated by both CCBs. On the other hand, interstitial fibrosis, the mRNA expression of collagen type III and transforming growth factor (TGF) β and immunohistological TGF β protein expression in the non‐infarct region were reduced more in the MI + Cil group than in the MI + Aml group. Additionally, elevated angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity and interstitial noradrenaline concentrations in the non‐infarct region were reduced by cilnidipine. These results suggest that cilnidipine reduced cardiac noradrenaline concentrations and inhibited the renin–angiotensin system, which attenuated post‐infarct remodelling more than amlodipine in hypertensive rats.
Impaired motor cortical plasticity associated with cannabis use disorder in young adults
Authors: Martin‐Rodriguez Juan Francisco , Ruiz‐Veguilla Miguel , Alvarez de Toledo Paloma , Aizpurua‐Olaizola Oier , Zarandona Iratxe , Canal‐Rivero Manuel , Rodriguez‐Baena Antonio , Mir Pablo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMaladaptive cortical plasticity has been described in individuals with heroin and methamphetamine addiction and may mediate other substance abuse disorders. It is unknown whether cannabis dependence in humans alters the capacity for induction of cortical plasticity. The aim of this study was to non‐invasively investigate cortical plasticity with transcranial magnetic stimulation in young adults who meet DSM‐5 criteria for cannabis use disorder (CUD). Thirty men (ages 20– 30) who used cannabis daily over the previous 6 months (15 diagnosed of CUD) and 15 demographically matched non‐users were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent two sessions of theta burst stimulation (TBS) in which either continuous TBS (cTBS; 600 pulses, 80% active motor threshold) or intermittent TBS (iTBS; 2‐s train of cTBS repeated every 10 s for a total of 190 s, 600 pulses) was applied over the primary motor cortex. The effects of these protocols were assessed by analysing the contralateral motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The relationships between cortical plasticity and problematic cannabis use, degree of dependence, and nicotine addiction were also investigated. Significant MEP inhibition after cTBS was observed in both cannabis users without CUD and non‐users, while this inhibition was not seen in cannabis users with CUD. Strikingly, less motor cortical plasticity was observed in subjects with severe problematic cannabis use. No significant differences between users and non‐users were found in the iTBS‐induced cortical plasticity measures. Our study provides the first evidence of maladaptive cortical plasticity associated with cannabis use disorder and problematic cannabis use in humans.
The PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype is associated with poorer prognosis in 239 patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Mederacke Young‐Seon , Kirstein Martha M. , Großhennig Anika , Marhenke Silke , Metzler Frauke , Manns Michael P. , Vogel Arndt , Mederacke Ingmar 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundFibrosis progression in autoimmune hepatitis can be attenuated by immunosuppressive treatment; however, some patients progress despite therapy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) such as PNPLA3‐rs738409, TM6SF2‐rs58542926 and MBOAT7‐rs641738 are associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis progression, whereas a splice variant in HSD17B13‐rs72613567:TA has been shown to be protective.AimTo analyse the impact of different SNPs on the long‐term outcome of patients with autoimmune hepatitis.MethodsWe included 239 patients into this study who had been treated between 1983 and 2018 for autoimmune hepatitis. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood and SNPs were determined by PCR analysis. Liver biopsies were available for 215/239 patients (90%). Clinical and laboratory patient data were assessed by chart review.ResultsMean age at baseline was 42.1 years with 74.1% being female. The median follow‐up was 9.4 years (IQR 3.5‐15.0), 11.7% of the patients (n = 28) died or required liver transplantation. In the Kaplan‐Meier analysis of the combined endpoint time to liver transplantation or death, we observed that patients with the PNPLA3‐rs738409 GG variant met more frequently the primary endpoint (P = 0.005). In Cox regression analysis PNPLA3‐rs738409 GG as well as liver cirrhosis were identified as strong predictors for time to liver transplantation or death (HR 4.5 [CI 1.48‐13.72], P = 0.008 and HR 9.24 [CI 2.11‐40.44], P = 0.003, respectively). Neither steatosis, diabetes mellitus nor obesity were associated with outcome.ConclusionsPNPLA3‐rs738409 variant GG is a predictor for time to liver transplantation or death and may help to identify autoimmune hepatitis patients at risk for disease progression.