bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contaminação de profissionais e acadêmicos no centro cirúrgico de um Hospital Universitário após higienização das mãos
Authors: Souza Maria Cristina Almeida de , Campos Altair Paulino de Oliveira , Soares Gabriel Porto , Moraes Saulo Roni 
Published: December 2019

Introdução: embora a higienização das mãos seja a medida mais importante e reconhecida há muitos anos na prevenção no controle das infecções nos serviços de saúde, colocá-la em prática consiste em uma tarefa complexa e difícil. Objetivo: avaliar a contaminação, após higienização das mãos, dos profissionais que atuam no centro cirúrgico do Hospital Universitário de Vassouras (HUV). Metodologia: tipo transversal e observacional. Após higienização das mãos, foi solicitado aos profissionais e acadêmicos que realizasse a impressão da palma de uma das mãos, interdigital e unhas em Swab. O material coletado foi colocado em placa de Petri e levado a estufa para verificação do crescimento bacteriano. Resultados: foram coletadas 67 amostras dos profissionais. Foram encontrados 3 diferentes grupos de bactérias : Grupo Safilococcus coagulase negativo, Stafilococcus aureus (+) e Bacilos gram negativo com predominância de maior contaminação no grupo dos médicos ortopedistas e acadêmicos,e menor contaminação no grupo de enfermeiros. Considerações finais: a técnica de higienização das mãos não foi realizada de modo eficaz.
Palavras-chave: Desinfecção das Mãos; Hospital, Infecção hospitalar; Serviços de saúde.
3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl) Phenylammonium triflate(BFPAT) as a Novel Organocatalyst for the Efficient Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one Derivatives
Authors: Alipour Mandana , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Khaksar Samad , Rostami-Charati Faramarz 
Published: December 2019

Aim and Objective:
A one-pot synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives by threecomponent
cyclo-condensation of isatoic anhydride, aldehydes and amine or ammonium acetate has been
developed using 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl) phenylammonium triflate (BFPAT) as a new organocatalyst.

Material and method:
All of the obtained products are known compounds and identified by IR, 1HNMR,
13CNMR and melting points.

Results:
A wide variety of structurally different aldehydes reacted easily and rapidly to result in the relating
2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in good to excellent yield.

Conclusion:
We have demonstrated an extremely effective and new process for synthesizing 2,3-
dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones employing BFPAT as a novel organocatalyst in one-pot fashion.
Application of Tea Extract in Food Industry
Authors: Rad Aziz H. , Fathipour Raana B. , Bidgoli Fariba K. , Azizi Aslan 
Published: December 2019

Background and Objectives:
Tea is considered one of the most consumed drinks around
the world and the health benefits of it have recently attracted the attention of different researchers. It
has also been proven beneficial in preventing the danger of some diseases like cancer and cardiovascular
problems. Further, lipid oxidation is one of the major problems in food products. Considering
the above-mentioned issues, the present review focused on various techniques used to extract polyphenols
from different kinds of tea, as well as their use in the food industry.

Results and Conclusion:
Based on our findings in this review, the main components of tea are polyphenols
that have health benefits and include catechins, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin
gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, gallic acid, flavonoids, flavonols, and theophlavins. From these
components, catechin is regarded as the most beneficial component. Many techniques have been discovered
and reformed to extract tea compounds such as solvent-based extraction, microwave-assisted
water extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques. Overall, the microwave-assisted water
extraction method is a useful method for extracting tea polyphenols, which may be used in the
meat, oil, and dairy industries.
Molecular Docking Studies Reveal Rhein from rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) as a Putative Inhibitor of ATP-binding Cassette Super-family G member 2
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saad , Mehmood Bareera , Yousafi Qudsia , Bibi Shabana , Fazal Sahar , Saleem Shahzad , Sajid Muhammad Wasim , Ihsan Awais , Azhar Muhammad , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: December 2019

Background:ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 protein is an active ATPbinding cassette transporter with the potential to combat cancer stem cells.Objective:Due to the lack of potential ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 inhibitors, we screened natural inhibitors, which could be a safe source to control multidrug resistance by blocking the regulation of ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 protein.Methods:Three-dimensional structure of ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 protein downloaded from the protein databank and chemical structures of 166 selected compounds of the training dataset were retrieved from PubChem. Drug-likeness and docking analysis was conducted to shortlist the dataset for pharmacophore generation. LigandScout 4.1.5 used for pharmacophorebased screening of Zbc library of ZINC database and Autodock Vina were utilized for molecular docking against the predicted active pocket of the target protein to evaluate the potential association of protein and ligands. The physiochemical properties of novel compounds were calculated by admetSAR respectively.Results:Through pharmacophore-based screening, ZINC4098704 (Rhein) was identified as a lead compound which demonstrates the least binding energy (-8.5) and the highest binding affinity with the target protein and showed optimal physiochemical profile. This compound is highly recommended for a laboratory test to confirm its activity as an ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 inhibitors.Conclusion:Our computer-based study systematically selected natural lead compounds, which could be effective in inhibiting ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 and may help reverse the effect of multidrug resistance to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy in cancer treatment.
Improved Efficacy of Lovastatin from Soluplus-PEG Hybrid Polymer- Based Binary Dispersions
Authors: Verma Radhika , Nagpal Manju , Singh Thakur G. , Singh Manjinder , Aggarwal Geeta 
Published: December 2019

Background:Lovastatin is a statin drug used for lowering cholesterol in those with hypercholesterolemia to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is a BCS class II drug i.e. it has low aqueous solubility and high permeability.Objective:Improvement of solubility and in vivo efficacy was investigated by formulating binary solid dispersions.Methods:Binary solid dispersions of lovastatin were formulated in the current study using two polymers i.e. Soluplus and PEG 4000. Seven batches of solid dispersions were prepared (S1, P1, SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4, and SP5) via the solvent evaporation method. The prepared dispersions were evaluated for equilibrium solubility, FTIR, XRD, DSC, SEM studies, and further in vitro drug release were evaluated. The results revealed significant enhancement in the solubility of drug-using polymer hybrids as compared to that of individual polymer dispersion batches.Results:A significant solubility enhancement was observed with SP5 (approx 40 times) having a higher concentration of Soluplus. FTIR studies indicated no drug to polymer interaction. DSC studies revealed complete amorphization of polymer and also X-RD data is also in compliance with DSC results. In vitro drug release studies showed almost 100% release in 2h in polymer hybrid batches in comparison to individual polymer batch (S1 and P1). The best dissolution characteristics were observed in SP3 and SP5 which is also in compliance with solubility data. Further in vivo efficacy studies revealed a significant reduction in LDL, HDL, TG, AST, and ALT levels in comparison to pure drug lovastatin group and hypercholesterolemia control group.Conclusion:Hybrid polymer may be a prospective carrier system for the enhancement of solubility of BCS class II drugs.
Hardware Performance Evaluation of De novo Transcriptome Assembly Software in Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
Authors: Mora-Márquez Fernando , Vázquez-Poletti José Luis , Chano Víctor , Collada Carmen , Soto Álvaro , de Heredia Unai López 
Published: December 2019

Background:Bioinformatics software for RNA-seq analysis has a high computational requirement in terms of the number of CPUs, RAM size, and processor characteristics. Specifically, de novo transcriptome assembly demands large computational infrastructure due to the massive data size, and complexity of the algorithms employed. Comparative studies on the quality of the transcriptome yielded by de novo assemblers have been previously published, lacking, however, a hardware efficiency-oriented approach to help select the assembly hardware platform in a cost-efficient way.Objective:We tested the performance of two popular de novo transcriptome assemblers, Trinity and SOAPdenovo-Trans (SDNT), in terms of cost-efficiency and quality to assess limitations, and provided troubleshooting and guidelines to run transcriptome assemblies efficiently.Methods:We built virtual machines with different hardware characteristics (CPU number, RAM size) in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud of the Amazon Web Services. Using simulated and real data sets, we measured the elapsed time, cost, CPU percentage and output size of small and large data set assemblies.Results:For small data sets, SDNT outperformed Trinity by an order the magnitude, significantly reducing the time duration and costs of the assembly. For large data sets, Trinity performed better than SDNT. Both the assemblers provide good quality transcriptomes.Conclusion:The selection of the optimal transcriptome assembler and provision of computational resources depend on the combined effect of size and complexity of RNA-seq experiments.
Seismic Performance of Steel Moment Frames Containing Concentric Bracing Equipped with Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Jabbari Hamed , Vahdani Reza , Gerami Mohsen , Naderpour Hossein 
Published: December 2019

Background:
A building’s stability is a critical design element that structural engineers must understand. And, utilization of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) in steel structures can importantly diminish seismic residual deformations, which will facilitate postseismic retrofitting.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seismic behavior of 7-story and 15-story steel frames with moment frame system having chevron concentric brace equipped with Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs). Braces containing various amount of alloy (including 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) applied to study SMAs effect on structural performance. Relatively persistent displacement of the structure as well as its relative maximum displacement under the earthquake imposing on frame models were investigated using non-linear dynamic analysis by OpenSees finite element software. The earthquakes were in near- fault nine accelerographs, which involved various maximum accelerations.

Results:
Results indicated a reduction in relatively persistent displacement using 20% SMAs in braces. Addition more amount of alloy resulted in less relative displacement as compared to steel one braces.

Conclusion:
Applying SMAs brace showed a reduction in persistent structural displacement in any types of frames. Furthermore, adding more than 20% SMAs to the brace, resulted in a decrease in structural displacement.
Macroeconomic Impact of Agricultural Commodity Price Volatility in Nigeria
Authors: Ogundipe Adeyemi A. , Adu Omobola , Ogundipe Oluwatomisin M. , Asaleye Abiola J. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
The Nigerian economy has remained consistently heavily dependent on earnings from commodity exports which constitute over 95% external earning and 85% of budgetary and fiscal financing. Agricultural commodity exports have witnessed a significant price swings in the international market in the past few decades resulting in food price hike and macroeconomic distortions in economies heavily dependent on food imports.

Methods and Materials:
The study assesses the macreoconomic impact of agricultural commodity price volatility in Nigeria from 1970-2017 using Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) cointegration and Impulse-Response Function (IRF) analysis. The study adopted an atheoretical statistics to ascertain the evidence of swings in macroeconomic aggregates.

Results:
There was evidence of persistent fluctuations in the macroeconomic variables observed, implying that external price shocks exert a significant impact on the macroeconomic management, since bulk of national budgetary and fiscal financing is from commodity exports.

Conclusion:
The study found that volatile agricultural prices were responsible for a meager 2% of macroeconomic fluctuations. The empirical evidence corroborates the statistics showing that the share of agriculture in primary commodity exports has consistently remained less than 3% since the advent of crude oil. Furthermore, the study found that the swings in agricultural prices impacts foreign reserves and inflation more significantly and earlier in the time horizons than other macroeconomic aggregates.
Molecular Characterization of BK Polyomavirus’ Large T Antigen Gene Sequences Detected in Prostate Cancer Tissues of Sudanese Patients
Authors: Gorish Babbiker M. T. , Ournasseir Mohammed E. H. , Shammat Iman M. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
BK virus, which is associated with Prostate Cancer (PCa), have a global seroprevalence in humans. Based on the sequences of VP1 and the Large Antigen (LTAg) genes, there are four subtypes of BKV. Each subtype has its own subgroups.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to identify the BKV subtype that circulates among Sudanese patients with PCa.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 8 samples from our previous work on BKV were studied in this investigation. The LTAg gene was partially amplified (176nt) by a homemade PCR. All the amplicons were purified and subjected to sequencing. Bioedit version 7.0 and Mega X version 6.0 were used to analyze the sequence and compare the results with the BKV sequences and build a phylogenetic tree.

Results:
All the BKV LTAg gene sequences derived from Sudanese patients were classified with Subtype-1 BKV strains from Iran and Japan. Translated protein alignment showed that some isolates had identical amino acids with Iranian and Japanese strains, whereas others had a silent mutation. Interestingly, a point mutation was identified in the sequences of isolate 5 and 8 where adenine nucleotide (A) was replaced with Cytosine (C) at position 276, resulting in amino acid substitution.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that all the BKV isolates which circulated among Sudanese prostate tumor patients belonged to subtype 1. These findings only highlighted the need for the molecular detection and subtyping of BKV strains in Sudanese patients in order to better demonstrate the relationship between BKV infection and PCa.
Specific Dog Allergen Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis
Authors: Mimura Tatsuya , Noma Hidetaka , Mizota Atsushi 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to examine the role of total tear IgE, and specific serum dog IgG and IgE antibodies on the severity of allergic conjunctivitis.

Methods:
This study enrolled healthy subjects (control group, N=13), the patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (seasonal group, N=13), and patients with perennial allergic conjunctivitis (perennial group, N=13). Skin prick test, tear IgE level, and serum specific dog IgE and IgG levels were examined. The severity of allergic conjunctivitis using a grading score (0-30) was also examined.

Results:
The levels of serum dog-specific IgE and IgG, and total tear IgE of the seasonal and perennial groups were higher as compared to those of the control group (all p<0.05). The levels of serum dog-specific IgG of the perennial group were higher than those of the seasonal group (0.4 ± 0.6 vs. 0.0 ± 0.0). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the skin prick test result for dog allergen was related to the serum dog-specific IgG levels, but not IgE levels (p<0.01). The severity of allergic conjunctivitis was related to the serum level of dog-specific IgG antibodies (p<0.01).

Conclusion:
It was concluded that dog-specific IgG antibodies level may be associated with the severity of dog-related perennial allergic conjunctivitis.
The Influence of Surface Treatments on Resin Bond Strength to Zirconia
Authors: Lenz Ulysses , Alessandretti Rodrigo , Bona Alvaro Della 
Published: December 2019

Background:
It’s shown that the clinical success of ceramic restorations much depends
on the quality and durability of the bond to ceramic. For zirconia-based ceramics (Y-TZP), the surface
treatment has a substantial impact on bond strength. Therefore, the bond strength evaluation of
Y-TZP surface treatments is a requirement for predicting the clinical performance of such restorations.

Objective:
Evaluating the resin bond strength to Y-TZP after different surface treatments.

Methods:
Monolithic Y-TZP (Zenostar Zr Translucent, Wieland Dental, Rosbach vor der Höhe,
Germany) blocks were bonded to resin composite blocks using a resin-based cement system after
two Y-TZP surface treatments: APA- airborne particle abrasion with alumina particles; and CJ- silicatization
(Cojet sand, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). A silane coupling agent and an adhesive system
were applied to the treated Y-TZP surfaces and resin composite blocks were cemented (RelyX
Ultimate, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and light activated from all sides. These structures were
cut to obtain bar-shaped specimens (n=30), which were stored in 37ºC distilled water for 7 days before
microtensile testing. Specimens were loaded to failure under tension using a universal testing
machine. Data was statistically analyzed using Students t test (α=0.05) and Weibull distribution.
Failure modes were evaluated using optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results:
Mean bond strength values (CJ= 25.7±8.2 MPa; APA= 22.0±6.3 MPa) were statistically
similar (p>0.05). No difference was found for the characteristic strengths (σ0) and for Weibull
moduli (m) since the confidence intervals (95% CI) overlapped. The bond strength values for a 5%
failure probability (σ5%) were 12.4 (CJ) and 11.5 (APA). All fractures were due to cohesive failure
within the adhesive cement system.

Conclusion:
Both Y-TZP surface treatments (CJ and APA) produced similar structural reliability
and short-term bond strength to a resin cement system.
O SISTEMA NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO (SNE) E OS ENTRAVES À SUA INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA ABORDAGEM DIREITO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Duarte Clarice Seixas 
Published: December 2019

A Lei 13.005/2014, que estabeleceu o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE 2014-2024), foi aprovada, por unanimidade, pelo Congresso Nacional, destacando-se, na sua elaboração, as contribuições de diversos setores, público e privado, da educação infantil à pós-graduação, cujas propostas foram amplamente debatidas e sistematizadas na Conferência Nacional de Educação (CONAE) 2010. Para o cumprimento de suas diretrizes, metas e estratégias, o PNE 2014-2024 estabeleceu o dever de institucionalização do Sistema Nacional de Educação (SNE), com a fixação de um prazo de dois anos, após sua promulgação, para o cumprimento dessa obrigação. O objetivo do presente artigo é, a partir da abordagem Direito e Políticas Públicas, identificar os principais entraves jurídicos e políticos que impediram a estruturação e normatização do SNE. Trata-se de uma questão complexa, que envolve disputas acerca da regulamentação do federalismo cooperativo em matéria educacional, previsto nos artigos 23 e 211 da CF/88, além de conflitos de natureza distributiva em torno da escolha de prioridades de ação governamental e destinação de recursos públicos. Estima-se estar em jogo um desmonte do modelo de proteção social pactuado durante o processo constituinte, justificando-se, para a identificação e uma melhor compreensão dos pontos de tensão entre os elementos jurídico, político e pragmático-financeiros que estão por trás do problema, a abordagem mencionada.
De oprichtingsakte van de Vlaamse Wacht in het kamp van Alten-Grabow
Authors: Vandeweyer Luc 
Published: December 2019

Deze bronnenuitgave betreft een document van de Vlaamse Wacht, een vereniging die als spil functioneerde voor Vlaamse actie en culturele en politieke bewustmaking in het Duitse krijgsgevangenkamp van Alten-Grabow. In bepaalde Duitse krijgsgevangenkampen werd een activistische werking onder de Vlaamsgezinden bevorderd, als onderdeel van de Flamenpolitik, de tegemoetkomende houding van de Duitse bezetter tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog tegenover de Nederlandssprekenden in België, om hen te helpen los te komen uit het Belgisch staatsverband en nauwer aan te sluiten bij het Duitse Rijk. Luc Vandeweyer beschrijft hoe de Vlaamsgezinde soldaat Aloïs Valgaeren (1881-1942), een bekende van August Borms, in Alten-Grabow onder meer de Vlaamse Wacht mede-oprichtte, bestuurde en bezielde. Daarbij vervulden een ‘boekerij’ en de uitwisseling van flamingantische periodieken met het Vlaamse thuisland een voorname rol. In het kamp van Alten-Grabow waren de Belgisch-patriottische tegenkrachten overigens vitaler dan in het soortgelijke kamp van Göttingen (waar de Duitsers de potentiële Vlaamse activisten zoveel mogelijk trachtten te concentreren). Valgaeren was na zijn terugkeer in Vlaanderen verder actief in het activisme; na de oorlog bestraft met gevangenschap en een hoge boete, kende hij daarna een eerder armlastig bestaan. Hij overleed tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog, nadat hij opnieuw in de collaboratie was gestapt.________The memorandum of association of the Vlaamsche Wacht, in the Alten-Grabow Prisoner of War campThis edition of original source material concerns a document of the Flemish Watch, an association, which served as a pivot for Flemish action and cultural and political awareness raising in the German Prisoner Of War camp of Alten-Grabow. Some German Prisoner of War camps promoted activism among the sympathizers of the Flemish Movement, as part of the Flamenpolitik, the obliging attitude of the German occupier during the First World War towards the Dutch speakers in Belgium, in order to help them to detach themselves from the connection with the Belgian state and to forge closer links with the German Empire. Luc Vandeweyer describes how the soldier Aloïs Valgaeren (1881-1942), an advocate of the Flemish Movement and an acquaintance of August Borms, co-founded, ran, and inspired the Flemish Watch amongst other things in Alten-Grabow. A library and the exchange of periodicals of the Flemish Movement with the Flemish homeland played an important part in this. For that matter, the Belgian patriotic counter forces were more vigorous in the Prisoner Of War camp of Alten-Grabow than in the similar camp of Göttingen (where the Germans tried to concentrate the potential Flemish activists as much as possible).After his return to Flanders Valgaeren continued to be involved in activism. Having been punished after the war with imprisonment and a high fine he consequently lived a rather impoverished life. He died during the Second World War, after he had chosen again to collaborate.