bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a highly sensitive side polished hollow fiber plasmonic sensor and its application as a magnetometer
Authors: Khanikar Tulika , Singh Vinod Kumar 
Published: December 2019

A highly sensitive hollow fiber (HF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance is proposed and analyzed numerically. The sensor design involves a side polished HF with a nanoscale gold film deposited over the polished surface and an analyte filled core. The hollow portion of the fiber serves simultaneously as an analyte channel and core, when filled with high refractive index liquid. By analyzing the modal characteristics of the sensor using the finite element method, it is found that the wavelength sensitivity of the HF sensor varies from 25,642 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) to 60,000 nm/RIU in the range 1.45 to 1.47 RIU along with highest amplitude sensitivity of

4231.7

R
I
U

−
1

. The minimum measurable alteration by the sensor lies in the order of

10

−
6

R
I
U

. The sensor also exhibits a high value of figure of merit (FOM) up to

976

R
I
U

−
1

representing a very good overall performance. Moreover, due to the feasibility of design, the specific application of the sensor to magnetic field sensing is also demonstrated and achieved maximum sensitivity of 1361 pm/Oe.
High-power mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser with tungsten ditelluride as saturable absorber
Authors: Zheng Zhijian , Wang Jintao , Yin Jinde , Ouyang Deqin , Ren Xikui , Yan Peiguang , Wang Jinzhang , Pei Jihong , Lue Qitao , Ruan Shuangchen 
Published: December 2019

A passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser using a tungsten ditelluride saturable absorber (

W
T
e

2

-

S
A

) is demonstrated. High-power mode-locked pulses with an average output power of 108.1 mW were achieved by incorporating the

W
T
e

2

-

S
A

into a thulium-doped fiber oscillator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power obtained from a

W
T
e

2

-

S
A

-based fiber laser. We further amplified the output power to 5.60 W with an all-fiber thulium-doped double-cladding fiber amplifier. Our result indicates that

W
T
e

2

-

S
A

could be an excellent candidate for a high-power fiber laser system.
Fiber-optic joint time and frequency transfer with the same wavelength
Authors: Wang Jialiang , Yue Chaolei , Xi Yueli , Sun Yanguang , Cheng Nan , Yang Fei , Jiang Mingyu , Sun Jianfeng , Gui Youzhen , Cai Haiwen 
Published: December 2019

Optical fiber links have proven their powerful ability to transfer the ultrastable clock signals over a national and continental metrological optical network. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a new scheme that time and frequency signals are modulated on the same laser wavelength with phase and intensity modulation by an independent electro-optic modulator, respectively. Different wavelengths are used in two opposite directions to prevent Rayleigh scattering. The noise changes caused by the fluctuations of the transfer links are actively canceled at the local site by optical delay lines. Radio frequency with 1 GHz and time signal with one pulse per second (1 PPS) are transmitted over 110 km fiber spools. The experimental results demonstrate that frequency instabilities of

1.7

E

−
14

at 1 s and

5.9

E

−
17

at

10

4

s

and time interval transfer of 1 PPS signal with sub-ps stability after 1000 s are obtained. This novel scheme offers advantages with respect to reduce the channel in the fiber network, and can keep the time and frequency signal free from interference with each other.
Identification of metabolites of peptide-derived drugs using an isotope-labeled reporter ion screening strategy
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Thevis Mario 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Peptide-derived drugs represent an emerging class of prohibited substances in professional sports and, thus, in modern doping controls. After parental administration (e.g. subcutaneous, intravenous), these drugs undergo various metabolic processes, which degrade them to biologically active or inactive peptides. Knowledge about these metabolic processes and the hereby produced metabolites plays a key role in successful doping controls due to the effective design of analytical assays under consideration of optimal analytical targets. Unfortunately, the complexity of biological matrix (e.g. blood or urine) complicates the immediate identification of relevant metabolites due to the enormous excess of naturally occurring peptides and their degradation products.

Methods
In this study, a strategy employing in-vitro metabolism of stable isotope-labeled peptides producing characteristic reporter ions derived from labeled immonium ions is shown. The in-vitro experiments were performed with human skin tissue microsomes (S9), and model drugs representing prohibited peptide hormones were synacthen, insulin, and corticorelin (respectively, their stable isotope-labeled analogs). After generic sample preparation, the metabolites were identified by means of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) in an untargeted approach.

Results and conclusions
For all three model peptides, several metabolic products were readily identified. While insulin and corticorelin were found to be comparably stable, synacthen was fully degraded, yielding a plethora of metabolic products. A proof of concept concerning the transferability of the obtained data was accomplished by analyzing plasma samples collected post-administration of recombinant human insulin, corroborating the presence of a skin protease-indicative insulin metabolite in vivo.
Mineralogical Phase of Slag and Its Effect on Dephosphorization during Converter Steelmaking Using Slag-Remaining Technology
Authors: Abulikemu Yasen , Han Xiao , Li Jing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To achieve reuse of converter slag, the influence of the P2O5 content on the component activity of dephosphorization slag, the basicity of the slag, and the phosphorus content in liquid steel were studied and the influence of temperature on the end phosphorus content in liquid steel was analyzed. The results show that the slag remaining in the last heat still exhibited strong dephosphorization ability. Six heats of industrial basic oxygen furnace trials with a 100t-scale top–bottom combined blown converter were carried out using slag-remaining technology. The phases of dephosphorization slag were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy– energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The decomposition reaction of RO phase (a solid-solution composed of some divalent metal oxides, such as FeO, MgO, MnO, CaO, etc.) was relatively complete in slag with a high CaO/SiO2 ratio but was not complete in the slag with a low CaO/SiO2 ratio. Euhedral crystals of 2CaO· SiO2 with certain amount of 3CaO· P2O5 were formed, resulting in a solid-solution phase of 2CaO· SiO2–3CaO· P2O5. The liquid phase was present in greater amount and was mainly composed of calcium ferrite. The enrichment of SiO2 and P2O5 was easier with increasing recycling times of the converter slag. To maintain a higher efficiency of dephosphorization, the P2O5 content in the slag should be maintained below 3% and the CaO/SiO2 ratio of slag should be maintained above 3.
Predictors of sun protection behavior in high school students of Ahvaz: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Moshki Mahdi , Karimy Mahmood , Asl Heydar Rahmati , Mojadam Mehdi , Araban Marzieh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to predict sun protection behavior by using the protection-motivation theory (PMT).

Introduction
Sun exposure during childhood and adolescence has a very important role in the development of skin cancer in the future.

Case
This was a cross-sectional study. Applying multi-stage random assignment, 380 students from Ahvaz were entered into the study in 2014. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire based on the PMT. An independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman’s correlation and a regression test were used to analyze data by SPSS 15.

Result
Among 380 students, 48.2% were male and 51.8% were female. Constructs of the PMT accounted for (adjusted R2) 39% observed variance of protection-motivation or intention to do behaviors and 15% observed variance for sun-protection behaviors through protection motivation, self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility, respectively.

Discussion
The PMT may be used as a framework to design intervention programs in an attempt to improve intention to perform sun protection behaviors of students. However, the model did not show optimal predictive power for adherence to sun-protection self-care behavior. The findings from this study have important implications in skin cancer prevention.
Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the quality of well being self-administered questionnaire in general population in Indonesia
Authors: Andayani Tri Murti , Kristina Susi Ari , Endarti Dwi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The quality of well being self-administered (QWB-SA) questionnaire is one of the generic instruments which can be used to measure the utility score to assess the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) as an outcome parameter in pharmacoeconomics study. This research aimed to study the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the QWB-SA questionnaire in Indonesian language.

Methods
This research was conducted among the general population of 459 people in Yogyakarta city. The translation was done using the forward-backward method by independent linguists, and then reviewed by a team consisting of linguists, methodologists, and pharmacists. The psychometric evaluations included face validity, internal-construct validity, convergent validity, and known-group validity tests, while the reliability test was the test-retest of reliability with the Spearman’s rank correlation and Pearson test.

Results
The translation results and cultural adaptations were modified from the aspect of idiomatic, semantic and conceptual equivalence of the items on the QWB-SA questionnaire. The internal-construct validity showed a very strong and moderate correlation among dimensions and the QWB utility index. The convergent validity showed moderate-to-weak correlation compared to the Euro-quality of life-5 dimension questionnaire. The reliability test showed the Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.626, and the test-retest of reliability showed a strong and moderate correlation.

Conclusions
The QWB-SA questionnaire is valid and reliable, and can be used as an alternative to measure utility as a QALY’s parameter in the health-economic evaluation.
Crystal structure of dimethylammonium 5-fluorouracil-1-acetate, C8H12N3O4F
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Li Kaiyun , Liang Sen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
C8H12N3O4F, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 4.8090(3) Å, b = 9.9340(6) Å, c = 22.2437(13) Å, β = 90.138(8)°, V = 1062.64(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0452, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1227, T = 293(2) K.
Physical Determinants of Golf Swing Performance: A Review
Authors: Sheehan William B. , Bower Rob G. , Watsford Mark L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sheehan, WB, Bower, RG, and Watsford, ML. Physical determinants of golf swing performance: A review. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 289–297, 2022—Traditionally, golf practice has primarily focused on the mental, technical, and skill aspects as the primary means to improve performance. Only recently has a greater emphasis been placed on the physical components with balance, muscular strength, power, and specific muscle-tendon properties demonstrating positive associations with club head speed and carry distance. Accordingly, this review will explore the influence of these physical components on measures of golf swing performance. Superior balance may allow players to effectively deal with the need to shift weight during the swing as well as different stance positions, whereas superior lower-body muscular strength, power, and stiffness may allow more mechanical work to be performed on the club during the swing per unit of time, consequently increasing club head speed. Alternatively, flexibility may also contribute to enhanced force production with a greater range of motion, particularly when generating the “X-factor,” allowing for a longer backswing and more time to produce higher angular velocities and forces. Furthermore, training intervention studies focusing on the aforementioned components have demonstrated enhancements in swing performance. Targeting multiple muscle groups, including those implicated via electromyography activation, and utilizing multiple modalities have proven effective at increasing club head speed. However, such multifaceted programs have made it difficult to determine the mechanisms that specifically contribute to performance gains. Despite these limitations, strength, power, and musculotendinous stiffness, particularly in the lower body, seem to be stronger determinants of club head speed and carry distance than flexibility. Furthermore, acute improvements can be induced using resistance-orientated warm-ups.
The Nucleus Accumbens Core Is Necessary for Responding to Incentive But Not Instructive Stimuli
Authors: Sicre Mehdi , Meffre Julie , Louber Didier , Ambroggi Frederic 
Published: December 2019

An abundant literature has highlighted the importance of the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) in behavioral tasks dependent on external stimuli. Yet, some studies have also reported the absence of involvement of the NAcC in stimuli processing. We aimed at comparing, in male rats, the underlying neuronal determinants of incentive and instructive stimuli in the same task. We developed a variant of a GO/NOGO task that reveals important differences in these two types of stimuli. The incentive stimulus invites the rat to engage in the task sequence. Once the rat has decided to initiate a trial, it remains engaged in the task until the end of the trial. This task revealed the differential contribution of the NAcC to responding to different types of stimuli: responding to the incentive stimulus depended on NAcC AMPA/NMDA and dopamine D1 receptors, but the retrieval of the response associated with the instructive stimuli (lever pressing on GO, withholding on NOGO) did not. Our electrophysiological study showed that more NAcC neurons responded more strongly to the incentive than the instructive stimuli. Furthermore, when animals did not respond to the incentive stimulus, the induced excitation was suppressed for most projection neurons, whereas interneurons were strongly activated at a latency preceding that found in projection neurons. This work provides insight on the underlying neuronal processes explaining the preferential implication of the NAcC in deciding whether and when to engage in reward-seeking rather than to decide which action to perform.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) is essential to process information carried by reward-predicting stimuli. Yet, stimuli have distinct properties: incentive stimuli orient the attention toward reward-seeking, whereas instructive stimuli inform about the action to perform. Our study shows that, in male rats, NAcC perturbation with glutamate or dopamine antagonists impeded responses to the incentive but not to the instructive stimulus. NAcC neuronal recordings revealed a stronger representation of incentive than instructive stimuli. Furthermore, we found that interneurons are recruited when rats fail to respond to incentive stimuli. This work provides insight on the underlying neuronal processes explaining the preferential implication of the NAcC in deciding whether and when to engage in reward-seeking rather than to decide which action to perform.
Calcineurin Promotes Neuroplastic Changes in the Amygdala Associated with Weakened Cocaine-Cue Memories
Authors: Rich Matthew T. , Huang Yanhua H. , Torregrossa Mary M. 
Published: December 2019

Interfering with memory reconsolidation or inducing memory extinction are two approaches for weakening maladaptive memories in disorders such as addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder. Both extinction and reconsolidation are regulated by intracellular protein kinases and phosphatases, and interfering with these signaling molecules can alter memory strength. The calcium-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin (CaN), has been implicated in both the consolidation and extinction of fear memories. However, the role of CaN in regulating drug-cue associative memories has not been investigated. Prior studies have demonstrated that plasticity at thalamo-lateral amygdala (T-LA) synapses is critically involved in the regulation of cocaine-cue memories. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of LA administration of an activator of CaN, chlorogenic acid (CGA), on behavioral and electrophysiological indices of cocaine cue memory reconsolidation and extinction. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer cocaine paired with an audiovisual cue. The cue memory was then either briefly reactivated, extinguished, or not manipulated, followed immediately by LA infusion of CGA. Rats were tested 24 h later for cue-induced reinstatement, or LA slices were prepared for electrophysiological recordings. We found that intra-LA infusions of CGA following cue extinction or reconsolidation reduced cue-induced reinstatement, which was blocked by co-infusion of the CaN inhibitor, FK-506. Similarly, CGA infusions following cue re-exposure significantly attenuated EPSC amplitude at T-LA synapses, suggesting that CaN affects cocaine-cue memory reconsolidation and extinction by altering T-LA synaptic strength. Therefore, CaN signaling in the LA may represent a novel target for disrupting cocaine-associated memories to reduce relapse.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRepetitive drug use induces synaptic plasticity that underlies the formation of long-lasting associative memories for environmental cues paired with the drug. We previously identified thalamo-amygdala synapses (T-LA) that project via the interal capsule, as an important locus for the regulation of cocaine-cue memories. These synapses are strengthened by repeated cocaine-cue pairings, but this is reversed by extinction training or by optogenetic induction ofin vivolong-term depression (LTD). Here, we demonstrate that activating calcineurin, a calcium-dependent phosphatase, following the reactivation or extinction of a cocaine-cue memory, induces LTD-like changes at T-LA synapses, and a corresponding decrease in cue-induced reinstatement, suggesting that calcineurin may be a potential therapeutic target for relapse prevention.
Non‐apoptotic TRAIL function modulates NK cell activity during viral infection
Authors: Cardoso Alves Ludmila , Berger Michael D , Koutsandreas Thodoris , Kirschke Nick , Lauer Christoph , Spörri Roman , Chatziioannou Aristotelis , Corazza Nadia , Krebs Philippe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe role of death receptor signaling for pathogen control and infection‐associated pathogenesis is multifaceted and controversial. Here, we show that during viral infection, tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) modulates NK cell activity independently of its pro‐apoptotic function. In mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Trail deficiency led to improved specific CD8+ T‐cell responses, resulting in faster pathogen clearance and reduced liver pathology. Depletion experiments indicated that this effect was mediated by NK cells. Mechanistically, TRAIL expressed by immune cells positively and dose‐dependently modulates IL‐15 signaling‐induced granzyme B production in NK cells, leading to enhanced NK cell‐mediated T cell killing. TRAIL also regulates the signaling downstream of IL‐15 receptor in human NK cells. In addition, TRAIL restricts NK1.1‐triggered IFNγ production by NK cells. Our study reveals a hitherto unappreciated immunoregulatory role of TRAIL signaling on NK cells for the granzyme B‐dependent elimination of antiviral T cells.
The Impact of Non-additive Effects on the Genetic Correlation Between Populations
Authors: Duenk Pascal , Bijma Piter , Calus Mario P L , Wientjes Yvonne C J , van der Werf Julius H J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAverage effects of alleles can show considerable differences between populations. The magnitude of these differences can be measured by the additive genetic correlation between populations (rg). This rg can be lower than one due to the presence of non-additive genetic effects together with differences in allele frequencies between populations. However, the relationship between the nature of non-additive effects, differences in allele frequencies, and the value of rg remains unclear, and was therefore the focus of this study. We simulated genotype data of two populations that have diverged under drift only, or under drift and selection, and we simulated traits where the genetic model and magnitude of non-additive effects were varied. Results showed that larger differences in allele frequencies and larger non-additive effects resulted in lower values of rg. In addition, we found that with epistasis, rg decreases with an increase of the number of interactions per locus. For both dominance and epistasis, we found that, when non-additive effects became extremely large, rg had a lower bound that was determined by the type of inter-allelic interaction, and the difference in allele frequencies between populations. Given that dominance variance is usually small, our results show that it is unlikely that true rg values lower than 0.80 are due to dominance effects alone. With realistic levels of epistasis, rg dropped as low as 0.45. These results may contribute to the understanding of differences in genetic expression of complex traits between populations, and may help in explaining the inefficiency of genomic trait prediction across populations.
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Distress in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Poonai Naveen , Spohn Joseph , Vandermeer Ben , Ali Samina , Bhatt Maala , Hendrikx Shawn , Trottier Evelyne D. , Sabhaney Vikram , Shah Amit , Joubert Gary , Hartling Lisa 
Published: December 2019

CONTEXT:
Intranasal dexmedetomidine (IND) is an emerging agent for procedural distress in children.

OBJECTIVE:
To explore the effectiveness of IND for procedural distress in children.

DATA SOURCES:
We performed electronic searches of Medline (1946–2019), Embase (1980–2019), Google Scholar (2019), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (1981–2019), and Cochrane Central Register.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included randomized trials of IND for procedures in children.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Methodologic quality of evidence was evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system, respectively. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with adequate sedation.

RESULTS:
Among 19 trials (N = 2137), IND was superior to oral chloral hydrate (3 trials), oral midazolam (1 trial), intranasal midazolam (1 trial), and oral dexmedetomidine (1 trial). IND was equivalent to oral chloral hydrate (2 trials), intranasal midazolam (2 trials), and intranasal ketamine (3 trials). IND was inferior to oral ketamine and a combination of IND plus oral ketamine (1 trial). Higher doses of IND were superior to lower doses (4 trials). Adverse effects were reported in 67 of 727 (9.2%) participants in the IND versus 98 of 591 (16.6%) in the comparator group. There were no reports of adverse events requiring resuscitative measures.

LIMITATIONS:
The adequacy of sedation was subjective, which possibly led to biased outcome reporting.

CONCLUSIONS:
Given the methodologic limitations of included trials, IND is likely more effective at sedating children compared to oral chloral hydrate and oral midazolam. However, this must be weighed against the potential for adverse cardiovascular effects.