bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from All‐Inorganic Cesium Zirconium Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Siping , Yang Bin , Chen Junsheng , Wei Donghui , Zheng Daoyuan , Kong Qingkun , Deng Weiqiao , Han Keli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is generally observed in solid‐state organic molecules or metal‐organic complexes. However, TADF in all‐inorganic colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) is rare. Herein, we report the first colloidal synthesis of an air‐stable all‐inorganic lead‐free Cs2ZrCl6 perovskite NCs. The Cs2ZrCl6 NCs exhibit long‐lived triplet excited state (138.2 μs), and feature high photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency (QY=60.37 %) due to TADF mechanism. The emission color can be easily tuned from blue to green by synthesizing the mixed‐halide Cs2ZrBrxCl6−x (0≤x≤1.5) NCs. Femtosecond transient absorption and temperature dependent PL measurements are performed to clarify the emission mechanism. In addition, Bi3+ ions are successfully doped into Cs2ZrCl6 NCs, which further extends the PL properties. This work not only develops a new lead‐free halide perovskite NCs for potential optoelectronic applications, but also offers unique strategies for developing new inorganic phosphors.
Hierarchical attention model for personalized tag recommendation
Authors: Sun Jianshan , Zhu Mingyue , Jiang Yuanchun , Liu Yezheng , Wu Le 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the development of Web‐based social networks, many personalized tag recommendation approaches based on multi‐information have been proposed. Due to the differences in users' preferences, different users care about different kinds of information. In the meantime, different elements within each kind of information are differentially informative for user tagging behaviors. In this context, how to effectively integrate different elements and different information separately becomes a key part of tag recommendation. However, the existing methods ignore this key part. In order to address this problem, we propose a deep neural network for tag recommendation. Specifically, we model two important attentive aspects with a hierarchical attention model. For different user‐item pairs, the bottom layered attention network models the influence of different elements on the features representation of the information while the top layered attention network models the attentive scores of different information. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments on two real‐world data sets. The results show that using attention network and different kinds of information can significantly improve the performance of the recommendation model, and verify the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed model.
Tropical cyclones impact on tropopause and the lower stratosphere vapour based on satellite data
Authors: Jiang Baolin , Lin Wenshi , Hu Chundi , Wu Yali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs one of the deep convection systems, tropical cyclones (TCs) could significantly affect the thermodynamic structure and cloud microphysical processes near the tropopause, which may cause changes in troposphere and stratosphere water vapour activity, with important influences on global climate change. However, the effects of TCs on tropopause and the lower stratosphere water vapour remain unclear. Here, we use satellite data from year 2012 to 2016 to assess the effect of TCs on water vapour at the tropopause and in the lower stratosphere over the Northwest tropical Pacific Ocean. It is found that TCs could decrease the tropopause temperature and increase the process of water vapour deposition on cloud ice to a certain extent. This process can increase cloud ice mixing ratio and then dehydrate the tropopause. Part of the small cloud ice particles will be injected into the lower stratosphere, where they would be sublimated, hydrating the lower stratosphere. Compared to non‐TC area, the average water vapours in TC area decrease about 1.04 ppmv near the tropopause, but increase by 0.75 ppmv in the lower stratosphere.
Cell‐free protein synthesis enables one‐pot cascade biotransformation in an aqueous‐organic biphasic system
Authors: Liu Wan‐Qiu , Wu Changzhu , Jewett Michael C. , Li Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiocatalytic cascade reactions have become increasingly important and useful for chemical synthesis. However, biocatalysts are often incompatible with organic solvents, which prohibits many cascade reactions involving nonpolar substrates. In this study, we used cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) to express enzymes in an aqueous‐organic biphasic system for the construction of an artificial enzymatic pathway. CFPS‐expressed enzymes without purification performed efficiently to convert styrene (below 20 mM) to (S)‐1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol (two steps in one pot) with 100% conversion. In addition, our CFPS system showed great tolerance to different organic solvents, and, importantly, the entire biocatalytic system can be consistently scaled up without a reduction of the substrate conversion rate. We, therefore, anticipate that our cell‐free approach will make a possible cost‐effective, high‐yielding synthesis of valuable chemicals.
Display of functional nucleic acid polymerase on Escherichia coli surface and its application in directed polymerase evolution
Authors: Chung Mu‐En , Goroncy Kati , Kolesnikova Alisa , Schönauer David , Schwaneberg Ulrich 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report a first of its kind functional cell surface display of nucleic acid polymerase and its directed evolution to efficiently incorporate 2′‐O‐methyl nucleotide triphosphates (2′‐OMe‐NTPs). In the development of polymerase cell surface display, two autotransporter proteins (Escherichia coli adhesin involved in diffuse adherence and Pseudomonas aeruginosa esterase A [EstA]) were employed to transport and anchor the 68‐kDa Klenow fragment (KF) of E. coli DNA polymerase I on the surface of E. coli. The localization and function of the displayed KF were verified by analysis of cell outer membrane fractions, immunostaining, and fluorometric detection of synthesized DNA products. The EstA cell surface display system was applied to evolve KF for the incorporation of 2′‐OMe‐NTPs and a KF variant with a 50.7‐fold increased ability to successively incorporate 2′‐OMe‐NTPs was discovered. Expanding the scope of cell‐surface displayable proteins to the realm of polymerases provides a novel screening tool for tailoring polymerases to diverse application demands in a polymerase chain reaction and sequencing‐based biotechnological and medical applications. Especially, cell surface display enables novel polymerase screening strategies in which the heat‐lysis step is bypassed and thus allows the screening of mesophilic polymerases with broad application potentials ranging from diagnostics and DNA sequencing to replication of synthetic genetic polymers.
Rising inpatient numbers in forensic security hospitals of German federal state of Baden‐Württemberg: Background and explanatory approaches
Authors: Ross Thomas , Fontao María Isabel , Bulla Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we describe critical epidemiological trends in forensic psychiatric care in the German federal state of Baden‐Württemberg. For some years, there has been a marked increase in the number of patients with psychoses and with a migration background in the high‐security hospitals of Baden‐Württemberg. We present a number of studies exploring hypotheses as to why this is the case. Taking into account a set of person‐related and non‐person (forensic system)‐related variables, we suggest that rising treatment figures may be understood in terms of system variables rather than individual patient characteristics. Findings regarding predictors of treatment length and legal outcome, as well as characteristics of migrant patients and patients assigned to forensic aftercare, are discussed.
A functional long‐term 2D serum‐free human hepatic in vitro system for drug evaluation
Authors: Oleaga Carlota , Bridges L. Richard , Persaud Keisha , McAleer Christopher W. , Long Christopher J. , Hickman James J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman in vitro hepatic models generate faster drug toxicity data with higher human predictability compared to animal models. However, for long‐term studies, current models require the use of serum and 3D architecture, limiting their utility. Maintaining a functional long‐term human in vitro hepatic culture that avoids complex structures and serum would improve the value of such systems for preclinical studies. This would also enable a more straightforward integration with current multi‐organ devices to study human systemic toxicity to generate an alternative model to chronic animal evaluations. A human primary hepatocyte culture system was characterized for 28 days in 2D and serum‐free defined conditions. Under the studied conditions, human primary hepatocytes maintained their characteristic morphology, hepatic markers and functions for 28 days. The acute and chronic administration of known drugs validated the sensitivity of the system for drug testing. This human 2D model represents a realistic system to evaluate hepatic function for long‐term drug studies, without the need of animal serum, confounding variable in most models, and with less complexity and resultant cost compared to most 3D models. The defined culture conditions can easily be integrated into complex multi‐organ in vitro models for studying systemic effects driven by the liver function for long‐term evaluations.
Dkk1 acts as a negative regulator in the osteogenic differentiation of the posterior longitudinal ligament cells
Authors: Dong Jun , Xu Xiqiang , Zhang Qingyu , Yuan Zenong , Tan Bingyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOssification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a spinal disorder characterized by progressive ectopic bone formation in the PLL of the spine. Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk1) is a secreted inhibitor of the Wnt pathway that negatively regulates bone formation during skeletal development. However, whether Dkk1 impacts the pathogenesis of OPLL has not been reported. This study is to investigate the role of Dkk1 in the development of OPLL. Our results show that the serum levels of Dkk1 are decreased in OPLL patients compared with non‐OPLL controls. The expression of Dkk1 is also reduced in OPLL ligament cells. Downregulation of Dkk1 in ligament cells is associated with activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, as indicated by stabilized β‐catenin and increased T‐cell factor‐dependent transcriptional activity. Functionally, Dkk1 exerts a growth‐inhibitory effect by repressing proliferation but promoting apoptosis of ligament cells. Dkk1 also suppresses bone morphogenetic protein 2‐induced entire osteogenic differentiation of ligament cells, and this suppression is mediated via its inhibition of the Wnt pathway. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Dkk1 acts as an important negative regulator in the ossification of the PLL. Targeting the Wnt pathway using Dkk1 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OPLL.
Strategies for 1H‐Detected Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Magic‐Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Concistré Maria , Paul Subhradip , Carravetta Marina , Kuprov Ilya , Williamson Philip T. F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCombining dynamic nuclear polarization with proton detection significantly enhances the sensitivity of magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. Herein, the feasibility of proton‐detected experiments with slow (10 kHz) magic angle spinning was demonstrated. The improvement in sensitivity permits the acquisition of indirectly detected 14N NMR spectra allowing biomolecular structures to be characterized without recourse to isotope labelling. This provides a new tool for the structural characterization of environmental and medical samples, in which isotope labelling is frequently intractable.
Catalytic oxidation of organic solvent vapour with Pt/Co3O4‐CeO2 supported on a honeycomb carrier
Authors: Inoue Kenichiro , Somekawa Shoichi , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Kawami Yoshimasa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe supported Pt/Co3O4‐CeO2 on a honeycomb carrier and examined the catalytic oxidation activity for organic solvent vapour. The support of platinum on Co3O4‐CeO2 was not necessary if gas containing only ethyl acetate as organic solvent was treated. However, in gas containing both toluene and ethyl acetate, Pt/Co3O4‐CeO2 showed higher activity than both Co3O4‐CeO2 and commercial grade Pt/Al2O3. By first supporting Co3O4‐CeO2 and then platinum on the honeycomb carrier, the platinum was concentrated more toward the surface of the catalyst and the activity increased. A test using sprayed paint thinner exhaust gas in a paint booth was also performed. Even when less platinum was utilized, by combining it with Co3O4‐CeO2, the coexistent organic components of toluene, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate, etc., in the exhaust gas were completely oxidized at 250°C.
Modelling heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation using suspended TiO2 in a photoreactor working in continuous mode: Application to dynamic irradiation conditions simulating typical days in July and February
Authors: Plantard Gael , Dezani Chloé , Ribeiro Enrique , Reoyo‐Prats Brice , Goetz Vincent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCompared to more conventional techniques, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) hold significant promise in terms of elimination of organic (especially persistent) compounds and microorganisms (disinfection) in wastewater. If the objective is to power these processes using solar energy, we need to be able to manage the intermittency in the solar resource. This is an essential step for design and to ensure efficient operation of the treatment processes. As solar radiation is inherently variable due to day/night cycles, seasonal cycles, and weather meteorological conditions, solar AOP performances are difficult to establish using conventional measures. To address this gap, we carry out experimental campaigns under controlled conditions and develop modelling tools capable of describing dynamic‐mode photocatalytic degradation. Here we develop a way to capture the responses of a photoreactor subjected to various stresses, including irradiation conditions, via an LED panel. Using a model that considers the influence of UV flux density and pollutant concentration made, it was possible to represent photoreactor responses under different irradiation conditions and feeds (concentration or flow at the input). The ultimate objective is to study the photocatalytic capacity of the photoreactor under irradiation conditions simulating a real day of sunshine.
Efforts towards Practical and Sustainable Li/Na‐Air Batteries
Authors: Chen Kai , Huang Gang , Zhang Xin‐Bo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Li‐O2 batteries have attracted much attention due to their parallel theoretical energy density to gasoline. In the past 20 years, understanding and knowledge in Li‐O2 battery have greatly deepened in elucidating the relationship between structure and performance. Our group has been focusing on the cathode engineering and anode protection strategy development in the past years, trying to make full use of the superiority of metal‐air batteries towards applications. In this review, we aim to retrospect our efforts in developing practical, sustainable metal‐air batteries. We will first introduce the basic working principle of Li‐O2 batteries and our progresses in Li‐O2 batteries with typical cathode designs and anode protection strategies, which have together promoted the large capacity, long life and low charge overpotential. We emphasize the designing art of carbon‐based cathodes in this part along with a short talk on all‐metal cathodes. The following part is our research in Na‐O2 batteries including both cathode and anode optimizations. The differences between Li‐O2 and Na‐O2 batteries are also briefly discussed. Subsequently, our proof‐of‐concept work on Li‐N2 battery, a new energy storage system and chemistry, is discussed with detailed information on the discharge product identification. Finally, we summarize our designed models and prototypes of flexible metal‐air batteries that are promising to be used in flexible devices to deliver more power.
COVID‐19 diagnostic testing: Technology perspective
Authors: Xu Meng , Wang Dan , Wang Hongye , Zhang Xiaomei , Liang Te , Dai Jiayu , Li Meng , Zhang Jiahui , Zhang Kai , Xu Danke , Yu Xiaobo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a highly contagious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). More than 18 million people were infected with a total of 0.7 million deaths in ∼188 countries. Controlling the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 is therefore inherently dependent on identifying and isolating infected individuals, especially since COVID‐19 can result in little to no symptoms. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the different primary technologies used to test for COVID‐19 infection, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, and highlight the studies that have employed them. We also describe technologies that have the potential to accelerate SARS‐CoV‐2 detection in the future, including digital PCR, CRISPR, and microarray. Finally, remaining challenges in COVID‐19 diagnostic testing are discussed, including (a) the lack of universal standards for diagnostic testing; (b) the identification of appropriate sample collection site(s); (c) the difficulty in performing large population screening; and (d) the limited understanding of SARS‐COV‐2 viral invasion, replication, and transmission.
A Novel Non‐enzymatic Selective and Sensitive Glucose Sensor Based on Nickel‐Copper Oxide@3D‐rGO/MWCNTs
Authors: Taji Zahra , Ensafi Ali A. , Heydari‐Soureshjani Elahe , Rezaei Behzad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, a modified 3D‐rGO/MWCNT with nickel and copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized. The structural properties of this nanocomposite were investigated by several techniques. The fabricated sensor at optimum condition potential of +0.60 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and a rotational rate of 1800 rpm gave a detection limit of 0.04 μmol L−1 with two dynamic ranges of 0.10–300 and 300–900 μmol L−1 glucose with high stability. The good accuracy of the fabricated sensor was proved in the determination of glucose in a blood sample (with recoveries between 95 % to 105 % and RSDs of 1.2 to 2.5 %).
Virgibacillus halodenitrificans ST‐1 for fermentation of shrimp paste and hydrolysates of its protease
Authors: Liu Xueqin , Feng Yanli , Lai Xiaohua , Deng Tian , Liu Xin , Lyu Mingsheng , Wang Shujun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe nutrition and flavor of shrimp paste came from hydrolyzation by enzymes that were produced by microorganisms. The salt‐tolerant strain Virgibacillus halodenitrificans ST‐1 isolated from shrimp paste was studied and used in the fermentation of shrimp paste. The strain and the protease produced by ST‐1 were investigated. The optimum pH of the protease was 8.0, and the reaction temperature was 30°C. The protease showed high activity in the range of pH (5.0–11.0) and NaCl concentration (1%–15%). Divalent cations such as Ba2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Si2+ could enhance the protease activity. Residual activity of protease was more than 90% when it was incubated with PMSF and H2O2. Also, the enzyme retained more than 90% of initial activity after it was incubated with organic solvents. Variety of natural proteins could be substrates of the protease. By analyzing the release rate of free amino acids, it was predicted that the cleavage sites of the protease were mainly Glu, Asp, Gly, Leu, and Lys. Moreover, the hydrolysates of the protease had antioxidant activity, especially for DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging. The strain ST‐1 and the protease both were excellent candidates for food industries.
Finding specificity in structural brain alterations through Bayesian reverse inference
Authors: Cauda Franco , Nani Andrea , Liloia Donato , Manuello Jordi , Premi Enrico , Duca Sergio , Fox Peter T. , Costa Tommaso 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the field of neuroimaging reverse inferences can lead us to suppose the involvement of cognitive processes from certain patterns of brain activity. However, the same reasoning holds if we substitute “brain activity” with “brain alteration” and “cognitive process” with “brain disorder.” The fact that different brain disorders exhibit a high degree of overlap in their patterns of structural alterations makes forward inference‐based analyses less suitable for identifying brain areas whose alteration is specific to a certain pathology. In the forward inference‐based analyses, in fact, it is impossible to distinguish between areas that are altered by the majority of brain disorders and areas that are specifically affected by certain diseases. To address this issue and allow the identification of highly pathology‐specific altered areas we used the Bayes' factor technique, which was employed, as a proof of concept, on voxel‐based morphometry data of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. This technique allows to calculate the ratio between the likelihoods of two alternative hypotheses (in our case, that the alteration of the voxel is specific for the brain disorder under scrutiny or that the alteration is not specific). We then performed temporal simulations of the alterations' spread associated with different pathologies. The Bayes' factor values calculated on these simulated data were able to reveal that the areas, which are more specific to a certain disease, are also the ones to be early altered. This study puts forward a new analytical instrument capable of innovating the methodological approach to the investigation of brain pathology.
Effects of inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of siRNA on polyadenylate‐binding protein‐interacting protein 1 in tongue cell carcinoma
Authors: Xie Huixu , Yang Lisa , Hu Qin , Song Yingqi , Wang Xiaoyi , Zhou Liming , Li Longjiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported that the polyadenylate‐binding protein‐interacting protein 1 (PAIP1) pathway is closely connected with the progression of some malignant tumors. Here we examined the potential functional mechanism of PAIP1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).MethodsPAIP1 was knocked down in TSCC cell lines and proliferation and apoptosis in vitro analyzed. The molecular features of TSCC were determined using quantitative proteome and succinylome analyses. The results were confirmed in the mouse model.ResultsPAIP1 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Its knockdown decreased Ki67 and Pcna expressions and increased Bax/Bcl2 index and Caspase‐3 expression. Bioinformatics analysis for proteomics revealed that PAIP1 knockdown correlated with the changes in differential protein expression.ConclusionsUpregulation of PAIP1 induces cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in TSCC; PAIP1 might be a diagnostic biomarker and a significant drug target.