bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suggestion on using the hexapod robot as a coordinate measuring machine in digitizing data and measuring space surfaces
Authors: Trang Thanh-Trung , Le Thi-Thu-Thuy , Pham Thanh-Long 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Testing or digitizing the machined surface in inverse manufacturing always requires the use of modern, interconnected measuring devices, and these devices share tool control programs with probe trajectory to check 3D surfaces through CAM software. Coordinate measuring machines with a large workspace need very rigid mechanical structures and parallel structures used instead are one of the solutions to this problem. Despite the extremely high stiffness, the characteristics of the parallel structure are of compound design and kinematics. One of the typical difficulties is that the forward and inverse kinematic problems have many solutions. When used as a measuring machine, solving the kinematic problem is often required. If there are not enough bases to unique identify the endpoint coordinates, the application of robots such as hexapods to make CMM machines will fail. This paper introduces a technical solution to achieve a unique solution when solving a forward kinematic problem using a hexapod device. The sensors are mounted on the device to recognize the generalized coordinates and the auxiliary parameters at the same time, then the unique solution of the problem will be determined. The illustrative application on the parallel structure of the SRS and SPS hexapod configuration shows the correctness of the research idea.
Learning hydrodynamic signatures through proprioceptive sensing by bioinspired swimmers
Authors: Pollard Beau , Tallapragada Phanindra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objects moving in water or stationary objects in streams create a vortex wake. Such vortex wakes encode information about the objects and the flow conditions. Underwater robots that often function with constrained sensing capabilities can benefit from extracting this information from vortex wakes. Many species of fish do exactly this, by sensing flow features using their lateral lines as part of their multimodal sensing. To replicate such capabilities in robots, significant research has been devoted to developing artificial lateral line sensors that can be placed on the surface of a robot to detect pressure and velocity gradients. We advance an alternative view of embodied sensing in this paper; the kinematics of a swimmer’s body in response to the hydrodynamic forcing by the vortex wake can encode information about the vortex wake. Here we show that using artificial neural networks that take the angular velocity of the body as input, fish-like swimmers can be trained to label vortex wakes which are hydrodynamic signatures of other moving bodies and thus acquire a capability to ‘blindly’ identify them.
Forest effects on runoff under climate change in the Upper Dongjiang River Basin: insights from annual to intra-annual scales
Authors: Li Zehua , Zhou Ping , Shi Xiaogang , Li Yongkun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Climate change and large-scale afforestation characterize the conditions in the Upper Dongjiang River Basin (UDRB), which is one of the most important headwater basins in southern China. It is important to understand whether, and to what extent, the observed runoff change can be attributed to forest and/or climate change. Using process- and relation-based methods, we found precipitation in spring (March–May) decreased notably, while precipitation in summer (June–August) showed an increase from the reference period (1961–1990) to the afforestation period (1991–2010). In comparison, annual averaged potential evapotranspiration did not change much. Both of the methods indicated forest had a positive effect while climate change exerted a negative impact on annual averaged runoff in the UDRB. As a result, the observed annual averaged runoff only showed a little decrease from the reference period to the afforestation period. The climate change impact on monthly averaged runoff basically followed the pattern of precipitation change. Except in July and August, climate change exerted negative or little impact on runoff in most of other months. In comparison, the forest effects on monthly averaged runoff change showed a totally different pattern. Except in May and June, forest exerted positive impact on runoff in other months. As a result, the observed monthly averaged runoff in May and June experienced notable reduction, while those in other months experienced increase or no change. The UDRB provides evidence that additional forest cover would not injure but even increase runoff, especially dry season runoff. The study has important implications for sustainable water management and afforestation in this subtropical region and for similar river basins.
Biochar from Biomass Slow Pyrolysis
Authors: Cai Nan , Zhang Huili , Nie Jiapei , Deng Yimin , Baeyens Jan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pyrolysis is widely used in the chemical industry to produce e.g. carbon black from heavy fuel oil (HFO) and coke from coal, to convert post-consumer plastic waste into chemicals, to transform heavier hydrocarbons into lighter ones, and to thermo-chemically treat biomass. Whereas a lot of work has been presented on the fast pyrolytic production of bio-oil from biomass, the objectives of biochar and added-value chemicals are now a major focus when using biomass in a slow pyrolysis reactor. Fast pyrolysis targets mostly bio-oil (up to 60 or 70 wt%). Slow pyrolysis targets mostly biochar (up to ∼60 wt%), together with 25-30 wt% of bio-oil and the balance as gas. The paper presents results from biomass pyrolysis in the slow operating mode and assesses the products formed and their application perspectives.
Kinetic Analysis of Durian Rind Pyrolysis Using Model-Free Method
Authors: Bampenrat A , Boonkitkoson A , Seangwattana T , Suttiarporn P , Sukkathanyawat H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, the thermal degradation behavior and kinetic parameters of durian rind were investigated by using the thermogravimetric analysis technique. The experiments were performed in the temperature range of 313 – 1,073 K with the heating rate of 5, 10, 20 and 40 Kmin−1. Three model-free methods namely Friedman (FR) method, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method, and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method were used to attain the kinetic parameters. The results show that the thermal degradation of durian rind exhibits 3 stages including dehydration stage (up to 380 K), active pyrolysis stage (380 – 680 K) and passive pyrolysis stage (above 680 K). A maximum rate loss shifts to a higher temperature with an increases in the heating rate. The values of kinetic parameters obtained from FR, KAS and FWO methods are in a good agreement with the experimental results. The average activation energies calculated by FR, KAS and FWO methods are reported at 243.02, 220.38 and 218.33 kJmol−1, respectively. Combining with heating value and chemical structure of durian rind, it can be stated that durian rind can become a useful source of alternative fuels and/or chemical feedstocks.
The “Screening Index” to Select Building-Scale Heating Systems
Authors: Deng Yimin , Dewil Raf , Baeyens Jan , Ansart Renaud , Zhang Huili 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Buildings are increasingly considered as a key to de-carbonize the economy, with improvements in their energy efficiency and in their heating systems as primary targets. The heating systems have a moderate lifespan, are renewed more frequently, and the integration of renewable energy sources is increasingly important. The energy selecting problem is a strategic issue. Several parameters should be included in the decision making such as technology, economy, environment, social benefits and others. An objective and quantitative decision is essential to select the optimal heating schemes. To develop such multi-criteria assessment, the present study combines the improved AHP and grey relational TOPSIS, together with the use of linear and non-linear combination weighing. It results in a quantitative comprehensive assessment, called “Screening index” model. Based on the evaluation elements, the optimal single or hybrid energy route option can be selected, as illustrated in a case study. The index can help users, system manufacturers, builders and even governments to select the most appropriate heating schemes.
Spatial Distribution and Contamination Status of Copper and Chromium in Transshipment Area, Sichang Island, Thailand
Authors: Maklai S , Srithongouthai S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Surface sediments were sampled at 22 locations in marine transshipment area in order to evaluate the distribution pattern, contamination status and ecological risk of Cu and Cr. The results of the metals distribution demonstrated that high concentrations of both Cu and Cr were found in the transshipment area, while lower concentrations were observed at the reference sites. Likewise, there were significant differences between the transshipment area and the reference site, indicating these were consequences of different outputs and activities. For comparison of the guidelines, concentrations of Cu and Cr were in a range that biological effects occasionally occur. Based on EF, concentrations of Cu and Cr indicated minor contamination. Also, all of the entire study area had low ecological risk.
Economics of Rural Domestic Biogas Development: Applying Spatial Analysis to Evaluate Profitability
Authors: Meidiana C , Purnamasari YE , Dinanti D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to calculate the profitability of communal anaerobic digester (AD) development in rural area. For that purpose, spatial cluster analysis is used to determine the cluster size and location for low affordability of non-biogas farmers to construct individual anaerobic digester. Cluster size is characterized by the number of households and the spatial proximity among the cluster member, while cluster location is determined by the land suitability. The potential energy production for each cluster is calculated afterwards as it may be distributed to non-farmer households. Meanwhile, the economics of communal (AD) is estimated using the Net Present Value, the Internal Return Rate, the Payback, and the Profitability as Return/Investment Ratio. As a result of the study, we have attained energy values ranging between 193,026.6 (MJ/yr) and 649,510.2 (MJ/yr). The BCR varies for both communal and individual AD which is 1.57 – 1.61 and 1.28 – 1.46, respectively. Furthermore, the calculation shows that Net Present Value, Internal Return Ratio, Payback, and profitability is US$ 12,112, 18%, 4.3 years and 110% respectively.
Visualizing the Intellectual Structure of Risk Management in Renewable Energy Projects
Authors: Xue J , Yue G Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The development of renewable energy (RE) is the evident solution to satisfy the increasing demand of sustainable development while respecting the environment and ensuring a green economic growth. RE is a highly complex emerging research field with fragmental and diversified traits. However, the massive generation of risk was increasingly threatening the sustainable development of RE projects. This paper fills this gap via a systematic and quantitative review. In order to identify and visualize the intellectual structure and research opportunities, we conducted the scientometric analysis method from dynamic and evolutionary perspective. A total of 448 articles published from 1997-2018 were collected to construct the knowledge map and comprehensive framework for RM. This study contributes to the existing RM-RE knowledge by visualizing the intellectual structure and presenting a comprehensive knowledge framework.
Transitioning the Swedish building sector toward reuse and circularity
Authors: Gerhardsson H , Lindholm C L , Andersson J , Kronberg A , Wennesjö M , Shadram F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A transition toward a circular building sector, in which built-in construction products with remaining technical life are reused, would decrease the amount of waste generated, improve resource utilization and reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the built environment. Based on this premise, this study (1) identifies key barriers to the increased reuse of high-quality construction products in the Swedish building sector and, based on these barriers (2) presents a set of new working practices that enable reuse in building and deconstruction projects. The study uses an explorative research approach based on data from ten case studies of Swedish building and deconstruction projects, semi-structured interviews and a survey conducted with key building-sector stakeholders. The results identify a lack of knowledge and an immature market as key barriers that must be removed in order to enable increased reuse in the Swedish building sector. Key working practices identified as solutions for increased reuse are (1) materials inventories, (2) targets for reuse, (3) circular building design, (4) planning for reuse, (5) incentives for reuse in procurement and (6) long-term documentation strategies enabling future reuse.
Reptiles of the Orenburgsky State Nature Reserve, Russia
Authors: Bakiev A G , Gorelov R A , Klenina A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nine reptile species inhabited on the five sites in the Orenburgsky State Nature Reserve, these are Emys orbicularis, Eremias arguta, Lacerta agilis, Zootoca vivipara, Natrix natrix, N. tessellata, Coronella austriaca, Elaphe dione, and Vipera renardi. Lacerta agilis is the only abundant species. Over the last 20-25 years, the abundance of at least three species (Emys orbicularis, Zootoca vivipara, Natrix natrix) has decreased in some clusters of the reserve.
Mild formation of core–shell hydrogel microcapsules for cell encapsulation
Authors: Liu Zeyang , Zhang Hongyong , Zhan Zhen , Nan Haochen , Huang Nan , Xu Tao , Gong Xiaohua , Hu Chengzhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Internal gelation has been an important sol-gel route for the preparation of spherical microgel for drug delivery, cell therapy, or tissue regeneration. Despite high homogeneity and permeability, the internal gelated microgels often result in weak mechanical stability, unregular interface morphology and low cell survival rate. In this work, we have extensively improved the existing internal gelation approach and core–shell hydrogel microcapsules (200–600 μm) with a smooth surface, high mechanical stability and cell survival rate, are successfully prepared by using internal gelation. A coaxial flow-focusing capillary-assembled microfluidic device was developed for the gelation. Rapid gelling behavior of alginate in the internal gelation makes it suitable for producing well-defined and homogenous alginate hydrogel microstructures that serve as the shell of the microcapsules. 2-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was used in the shell stream during the internal gelation. Thus, a high concentration of acid in the oil solution can be used for better crosslinking the alginate while maintaining high cell viability. We further demonstrated that the gelation conditions in our approach were mild enough for encapsulating HepG2 cells and 3T3 fibroblasts without losing their viability and functionality in a co-culture environment.
Advances in thermal conductivity for energy applications: a review
Authors: Zheng Qiye , Hao Menglong , Miao Ruijiao , Schaadt Joseph , Dames Chris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThermal conductivity is a crucial material property for a diverse range of energy technologies, ranging from thermal management of high power electronics to thermal insulation for building envelopes. This review discusses recent advances in achieving high and low thermal conductivity (k) as relevant for energy applications, from high-kheat spreaders to low-kinsulation. We begin with a brief introduction to the physics of heat conduction from both theoretical and computational perspectives. The heart of the review is a survey of recent advances in high- and low-kmaterials. The discussion of good heat conductors for thermal management includes inorganics and polymers in both bulk and low dimensional forms. For insulators, the discussion covers the effects of chemical composition, crystal structure, and defects and porosity. Promising areas for future research in both fundamental materials science and engineering technologies are noted.
Dapagliflozin Does Not Affect Short-Term Blood Pressure Variability in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Papadopoulou Eirini , Theodorakopoulou Marieta P , Loutradis Charalampos , Tzanis Georgios , Tzatzagou Glykeria , Kotsa Kalliopi , Zografou Ioanna , Tsapas Apostolos , Karagiannis Asterios , Sarafidis Pantelis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Increased blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events, renal events, and death in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on short-term BPV in patients with T2DM.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 85 patients with T2DM. Subjects were randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or placebo for 12 weeks. All participants underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring with Mobil-O-Graph-NG device at baseline and study-end. SD, weighted SD (wSD), coefficient of variation, average real variability (ARV), and variation independent of mean were calculated for the 24-hour, daytime and nighttime periods.

Results
Dapagliflozin reduced 24-hour brachial BP compared with placebo. From baseline to study-end 24-hour brachial BPV indexes did not change with dapagliflozin (SBP-ARV: 11.51 ± 3.45 vs. 11.05 ± 3.35; P = 0.326, SBP-wSD: 13.59 ± 3.60 vs. 13.48 ± 3.33; P = 0.811) or placebo (SBP-ARV: 11.47 ± 3.63 vs. 11.05 ± 3.00; P = 0.388, SBP-wSD: 13.85 ± 4.38 vs. 13.97 ± 3.87; P = 0.308). Similarly, no significant changes in BPV indexes for daytime and nighttime were observed in any group. At study-end, no between-group differences were observed for any BPV index. Deltas (Δ) of all indexes during follow-up were minimal and not different between groups (SBP-wSD: dapagliflozin: −0.11 ± 3.05 vs. placebo: 0.12 ± 4.20; P = 0.227).

Conclusions
This study is the first to evaluate the effects of an SGLT-2 inhibitor on short-term BPV in T2DM, showing no effect of dapagliflozin on all BPV indexes studied.

Clinical trials registration
Trial Number NCT02887677.
Offspring desertion with care? Chick mortality and plastic female desertion in Snowy Plovers
Authors: Kupán Krisztina , Székely Tamás , Cruz-López Medardo , Seymour Keeley , Küpper Clemens 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Offspring desertion is often a plastic behavioral strategy that requires precise timing as the termination of parental care may have profound consequences for the fitness of parents and offspring. However, the decision process involved with termination of care is still poorly understood. Snowy Plovers Charadrius nivosus show highly flexible brood care with some females deserting the brood early and re-mate, whereas others provide extended care until the young are independent. Using a dynamic modeling framework, we investigated the effect of multiple factors on the decision-making process of female brood care in Ceuta, Mexico over a 7-year period. Females were more likely to stay with larger broods, while their probability of care was lower at the beginning of the season, when re-mating opportunities are higher than later in the season. Offspring condition at hatching did not influence the length of female care. Chick death and offspring desertion frequently coincided, suggesting that deteriorating offspring condition may trigger female desertion. Females deserted broods with high survival prospects when their absence did not impact negatively chick survival. Conversely, females deserted broods with low survival prospects when chick mortality despite female care reduced the value of the brood and re-mating was still possible. This suggests that female Snowy Plovers are sensitive to the needs and the value of their broods and adjust their parental care strategy accordingly. Taken together, we conclude that offspring desertion is a highly plastic behavior that allows females to maximize their reproductive success in a stochastic environment.
Multigene editing: current approaches and beyond
Authors: Peng Hui , Zheng Yi , Zhao Zhixun , Li Jinyan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 multigene editing is an active and widely studied topic in the fields of biomedicine and biology. It involves a simultaneous participation of multiple single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to edit multiple target genes in a way that each gene is edited by one of these sgRNAs. There are possibly numerous sgRNA candidates capable of on-target editing on each of these genes with various efficiencies. Meanwhile, each of these sgRNA candidates may cause unwanted off-target editing at many other genes. Therefore, selection optimization of these multiple sgRNAs is demanded so as to minimize the number of sgRNAs and thus reduce the collective negative effects caused by the off-target editing. This survey reviews wet-laboratory approaches to the implementation of multigene editing and their needs of computational tools for better design. We found that though off-target editing is unavoidable during the gene editing, those disfavored cuttings by some target genes’ sgRNAs can potentially become on-target editing sites for some other genes of interests. This off-to-on role conversion is beneficial to optimize the sgRNA selection in multigene editing. We present a preference cutting score to assess those beneficial off-target cutting sites, which have a few mismatches with their host genes’ on-target editing sites. These potential sgRNAs can be prioritized for recommendation via ranking their on-target average cutting efficiency, the total off-target site number and their average preference cutting score. We also present case studies on cancer-associated genes to demonstrate tremendous usefulness of the new method.
Dual-Factor Representation of the Environmental Context in the Retrosplenial Cortex
Authors: Miller Adam M P , Serrichio Anna C , Smith David M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is thought to be involved in a variety of spatial and contextual memory processes. However, we do not know how contextual information might be encoded in the RSC or whether the RSC representations may be distinct from context representations seen in other brain regions such as the hippocampus. We recorded RSC neuronal responses while rats explored different environments and discovered 2 kinds of context representations: one involving a novel rate code in which neurons reliably fire at a higher rate in the preferred context regardless of spatial location, and a second involving context-dependent spatial firing patterns similar to those seen in the hippocampus. This suggests that the RSC employs a unique dual-factor representational mechanism to support contextual memory.