bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Self-efficacy and Performance of Simulated Neonatal Chest Compressions and Ventilation
Authors: Donohue Lee T. , Underwood Mark A. , Hoffman Kristin R. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction
Because improved competence in caring for patients is difficult to measure, self-efficacy (the strength of one's belief in one's ability to complete a task) is often used as a surrogate measurement of clinical ability. However, studies in adults and children have shown at best only weak correlations between self-efficacy and performance. This correlation has not been well studied in neonatal resuscitation limiting the utility of self-efficacy as a measurement of the effectiveness of interventions in this population. The objective of this study was to determine whether self-efficacy correlates with performance of simulated neonatal chest compressions and ventilation.

Methods
Sixty-nine neonatal fellows, neonatal nurse practitioners, neonatologists, and nurses completed a 7-point Likert scale in which they reported their ability to perform ventilations and chest compressions. The participants then performed chest compressions and bag-valve-mask ventilation on a mannequin. The performance of participants was compared with the rating of their ability using Spearman rank correlation coefficient.

Results
There was no correlation between participants' self-assessment and performance of chest compressions (r
s = 0.003) or bag-valve-mask ventilation (r
s = 0.08). There was a correlation between experience (years of neonatal intensive care unit experience, number of mock codes, and number of real codes) and the ratings of self-efficacy as well as between the number of mock codes and ventilation performance.

Conclusions
In this study, self-reported efficacy had no correlation to clinical skills in neonatal resuscitation; participants both overestimated and underestimated their clinical proficiency. Prior participation in mock codes in the neonatal intensive care unit was the only factor that correlated with resuscitation performance.
Delivering Simulation Activities Safely: What if We Hurt Ourselves?
Authors: Naweed Anjum , Dennis Diane , Krynski Ben , Crea Teresa , Knott Cameron 
Published: May 2020

Summary Statement
Although a focus on the learner rightly remains in any teaching environment, the psychological safety of everyone involved in the conduct of experiential learning and critical academic scholarship is important. Education literature suggests that faculty are just as prone to psychological harm as their learners. This commentary describes adverse experiences from a simulation-based education event that took place at an Australasian interprofessional and cross-domain simulation workshop. Event facilitators explored the notion of the “safe container” but, in the process, were themselves exposed to psychological injury. We summarize an ostensibly complex simulation activity with unintended sequelae, the ethical concerns surrounding the faculty care, and from lessons learned, present an extended conceptualization of the safe container including broader parameters around the preparation of all involved in the delivery of simulation-based activities. Our goals in sharing this case is to encourage the community to become more vigilant regarding the unintended consequences of our simulation activities and to encourage open reporting and discussion of such incidents for the betterment of the field.
Hysterectomy Volume Among Recent Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Graduates
Authors: Cadish Lauren A. , Kropat Georg , Muffly Tyler M. 
Published: May 2020

Objective
Although guidelines recommend hysterectomy be performed vaginally whenever possible, recent trainees have decreased exposure to vaginal hysterectomy given the availability of laparoscopic hysterectomy, nonsurgical management, and falling volume nationwide. We sought to estimate hysterectomy volume in the 5 years after residency. Our secondary objective was to compare vaginal hysterectomy utilization between recent graduates and senior surgeons.

Methods
Retrospective, statewide data from 2005 to 2014 was obtained from the Massachusetts Center for Health Information Analysis. All hysterectomies performed in Massachusetts, regardless of payer type, were included. Surgeon identifiers were cross-referenced to another data set with provider demographics. Hysterectomies performed in the first 5 years after graduation were compared with a group 21 to 25 years after residency.

Results
Data from inpatient and outpatient databases revealed 87,846 hysterectomies performed by 1967 physicians, including 3146 simple hysterectomies by 192 recent graduates. Recent graduates chose abdominal hysterectomy (44.2%) most commonly, followed by laparoscopic (29.4%), vaginal (16.1%), and laparoscopically assisted vaginal (10.4%). Recent graduates performed a median of 3 to 4 hysterectomies in each of the first 5 years with no increase over time (P = 1). The median number of vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomies was 0 in these 5 years (interquartile ranges, 0–1 and 0–2, respectively). Members of the senior cohort performed a median of 8 to 9 hysterectomies annually, completing them vaginally more often (24.7% vs 16.1%, P < 0.01). When controlling for patient age and hysterectomy indication, this effect dissipated.

Conclusions
Recent graduates perform 3 to 4 (interquartile range, 1–7) hysterectomies annually, predominantly by laparotomy. Although senior surgeons perform vaginal hysterectomy more often, this is explained by patient characteristics.
It Takes a Village: The First 100 Patients Seen in a Multidisciplinary Pelvic Floor Clinic
Authors: Jochum Sarah B. , Legator Hanna , Abraham Rana R. , Bhama Anuradha R. , Dugan Sheila A. , Favuzza Joanne , Jacobs Kristin M. , Robinson Kenika R. , Saclarides Theodore J. , Hayden Dana M. , Brincat Cynthia A. 
Published: May 2020

Objective
This study aimed to assess the characteristics of patients assessed and treated at a multidisciplinary pelvic floor program that includes representatives from multiple specialties. Our goal is to describe the process from triaging patients to the actual collaborative delivery of care. This study examines the factors contributing to the success of our multidisciplinary clinic as evidenced by its ongoing viability.

Methods
This is a descriptive study retrospectively analyzing a prospectively maintained database that included the first 100 patients seen in the Program for Abdominal and Pelvic Health clinic between December 2017 and October 2018. We examined patient demographics, their concerns, and care plan including diagnostic tests, findings, treatments, referrals, and return visits.

Results
The clinic met twice monthly, and the first 100 patients were seen over the course of 10 months. The most common primary symptoms were pelvic pain (45), constipation (30), bladder incontinence (27), bowel incontinence (23), high tone pelvic floor dysfunction (23), and abdominal pain (23); most patients had more than one presenting symptom (76). The most common specialties seen at the first visit to the clinic included gastroenterology (56%), followed by physical medicine and rehabilitation (45%), physical therapy (31%), female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (25%), behavioral health (19%), urology (18%), and colorectal surgery (13%). Eleven patients were entirely new to our hospital system. Most patients had diagnostic tests ordered and performed.

Conclusions
A multidisciplinary clinic for abdominal and pelvic health proves a sustainable model for comprehensive treatment for patients with pelvic floor dysfunction, including difficulties with defecation, urination, sexual dysfunction, and pain.
Cancer is associated with the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Ya , Liu Ming , Shi Shuzhen , Chen Yamin , Sun Yue , Chen Ji , Tian Jinhui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients are considered a highly vulnerable population in the COVID-19 epidemic, but the relationship between cancer and the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19 remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of cancer in patients with COVID-19 and to examine whether cancer patients with COVID-19 may be at an increased risk of severe illness and mortality.MethodsA comprehensive electronic search in seven databases was performed, to identified studies reporting the prevalence of cancer in COVID-19 patients, or providing data of cancer between patients with severe or non-severe illness or between non-survivors and survivors. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the pooled prevalence and odds risk (OR) using the inverse variance method with the random-effects model.ResultsThirty-four studies with 8080 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of cancer in patients with COVID-19 was 2.0% (95% CI: 2.0% to 3.0%). The prevalence in Italy (5.0%), France (6.0%), and Korea (4.0%) were higher than that in China (2.0%). Cancer was associated with a 2.84-fold significantly increased risk of severe illness (OR = 2.84, 95%CI: 1.75 to 4.62, P < 0.001) and a 2.60-fold increased risk of death (OR = 2.60, 95%CI: 1.28 to 5.26, P = 0.008) in patients with COVID-19. Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were stable after excluding studies with a sample size of less than 100.ConclusionsCancer patients have an increased risk of COVID-19 and cancer was associated with a significantly increased risk of severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19.
NTT Docomo and Apple mobility data compared as countermeasures against COVID-19 outbreak in Japan
Authors: Sugishita Yoshiyuki , Kurita Junko , Sugawara Tamie , Ohkusa Yasushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, as a measure to inhibit the COVID-19 outbreak, voluntary restrictions against going out (VRG) have been applied.ObjectMobility information provided by Apple Inc. and NTT Docomo were assessed in terms of its usefulness in predicting conditions exacerbating an outbreak.MethodA polynomial function was applied to daily Apple and Docomo data to calculate the observed R(t).ResultsThe correlation coefficient among Apple and Docomo data was 0.91. The adjusted coefficient of determination for R(t) for the whole study period was higher using Docomo data than when Apple data were used. When we regressed R(t) on daily Apple and Docomo data simultaneously, the estimated coefficient of Docomo data was not significant.Discussion and ConclusionWe demonstrated that Apple mobility data might be superior to Docomo data for explaining the entire course of the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan.
Sinus and Anterior Skull Base Surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: Systematic review, Synthesis and YO-IFOS position
Authors: Radulesco Thomas , Lechien Jerome R. , Sowerby Leigh J , Saussez Sven , Chiesa-Estomba Carlos , Sargi Zoukaa , Lavigne Philippe , Calvo-Henriquez Christian , Lim Chwee Ming , Tangjaturonrasme Napadon , Vatanasapt Patravoot , Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki , Fakhry Nicolas , Ayad Tareck , Michel Justin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant confusion about healthcare providers’ and patients’ pandemic-specific risks related to surgery. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize recommendations for sinus and anterior skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus and Embase were searched by two independent otolaryngologists from the Young Otolaryngologists of IFOS (YO-IFOS) for studies dealing with sinus and skull base surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. The review also included unpublished guidelines edited by Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery or Neurosurgery societies. Perioperative factors were investigated including surgical indications, preoperative testing of patients, practical management in operating rooms, technical aspects of surgery and postoperative management. The literature review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The criteria for considering studies or guidelines for the review were based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, timing and setting (PICOTS) framework.Results15 international publications met inclusion criteria. Five references were guidelines from national societies. All guidelines recommended postponing elective surgeries. An algorithm is proposed that classifies endonasal surgical procedures into three groups based on the risk of postponing surgery. Patients’ COVID-19 status should be preoperatively assessed. Highest level of personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended, and the use of high-speed powered devices should be avoided. Face-to-face postoperative visits must be limited.ConclusionsSinus and skull base surgeries are high-risk procedures due to potential aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Protection of health care workers by decreasing exposure and optimizing use of PPE is essential with sinus and anterior skull base surgery.
Correlating Covid-19 mortality and infection levels
Authors: Gadgil Mugdha , Gadgil Chetan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCovid-19 deaths and positive cases show a remarkable heterogeneity across countries which cannot be easily explained on the basis of similarities or differences in the quality of healthcare, access to healthcare, testing facilities, or preventive measures such as lockdowns. Here we show that there is a distinct correlation between the mortality level and the infection level across countries, which can explain the mortality levels for a wide spectrum of countries. This implies that the number of deaths per 100 infected individuals is approximately the same across diverse countries and can be estimated from the slope of the mortality level-infection level plot. The correlation presented here can potentially be combined with estimates of infection spread to forecast future mortality levels and therefore future needs in terms of healthcare and other resources. Tracking of an individual location’s temporal path on this plot can potentially serve as a visual assessment of the nature of the epidemic. Methods presented here are not specific to the current epidemic. This is a preliminary report and uses data from a single source at a single time-point to demonstrate the capability of such an analysis.
Who is more susceptible to Covid-19 infection and mortality in the States?
Authors: Han Y , Li V.O.K. , Lam J.C.K. , Guo P. Y , Bai R.Q , Fok W.T.W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundA novel coronavirus was detected in Wuhan, China and reported to WHO on 31 December 2019. WHO declared a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. The first case in the US was reported in January 2020. Since mid-March 2020, the number of confirmed cases has increased exponentially in the States, with 1.1 million confirmed cases, and 57.4 thousand deaths as of 30 April 2020. Even though some believe that this new lethal coronavirus does not show any partiality to the rich, previous epidemiological studies find that the poor in the US are more susceptible to the epidemics due to their limited access to preventive measures and crowded living conditions. In this study, we postulate that the rich is more susceptible to Covid-19 infection during the early stage before social distancing measures have been introduced. This may be attributed to the higher mobility (both inter- and intra-city), given their higher tendency to travel for business/education, and to more social interactions. However, we postulate after the lockdown/social distancing has been imposed, the infection among the rich may be reduced due to better living conditions. Further, the rich may be able to afford better medical treatment once infected, hence a relatively lower mortality. In contrast, without proper medical insurance coverage, the poor may be prevented from receiving timely and proper medical treatment, hence a higher mortality.MethodWe will collect the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases in the US during the period of Jan 2020 to Apr 2020 from Johns Hopkins University, also the number of Covid-19 tests in the US from the health departments across the States. County-level socio-economic status (SES) including age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, occupation, employment status, immigration status, and housing price, will be collected from the US Census Bureau. State/county-level health conditions including the prevalence of chronic diseases will be collected from the US CDC. State/county-level movement data including international and domestic flights will be collected from the US Bureau of Transportation Statistics. We will also collect the periods of lockdown/social distancing. Regression models are constructed to examine the relationship between SES, and Covid-19 infection and mortality at the state/county-level before and after lockdown/social distancing, while accounting for Covid-19 testing capacities and co-morbidities.Expected FindingsWe expect that there is a positive correlation between Covid-19 infection and SES at the state/county-level in the US before social distancing. In addition, we expect a negative correlation between Covid-19 mortality and SES.
Antibodies to SARS/CoV-2 in arbitrarily-selected Atlanta residents
Authors: Zou Jun , Bretin Alexis , Gewirtz Andrew T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe quantitated anti-SARS/CoV-2 IgG and IgM by ELISA in self-collected blood samples (n=142) in arbitrarily-selected metro Atlanta residents, primarily acquaintances of the authors’ lab members from 4/17-4/27, 2020. Archived serum (n=34), serum from nucleic acid test (NAT)-positive subjects (n=4), and samples collected from NAT-positive community members (n=4) served to validate the assay. The range of anti-SARS/CoV-2 antibodies in archived and NAT-positive sera indicated need to compromise sensitivity or specificity. Accordingly, we set a cutoff of 4 SD above the mean for IgG and 3 SD above the mean for IgM to indicate that an individual had been exposed, and developed some degree of immunity, to SARS/CoV-2. The IgG cutoff clearly compromised sensitivity but offered high specificity, both of which were harder to gauge for IgM. Based on these cutoffs, excluding subjects whose participation resulted from self-suspected SARS/CoV-2 infection, we found 7.1% positivity for anti-SARS/CoV-2 IgG (3 of 127 subjects) or IgM (6 of 127). While we do not claim this small immune survey is broadly representative of metro Atlanta, and we have greater confidence in the IgG results, which had only 2.4% positivity, it nonetheless demonstrates that persons with antibodies to SARS/CoV-2, who’ve not suspected they’d been exposed to this virus, can readily be found in various Atlanta area neighborhoods (9 positives were in 8 zip codes). Accordingly, these results support the notion that dissemination of the virus is more widespread than testing would indicate but also suggests that most persons in metro Atlanta remain vulnerable to this virus. More generally, these results support the general utility of sero-surveillance to guide public policy but also highlight the difficulty of discerning if individuals have immunity to SARS/CoV-2.
Evaluating efficiency of pooling specimens for PCR-based detection of COVID-19
Authors: Wacharapluesadee Supaporn , Kaewpom Thongchai , Ampoot Weenassarin , Ghai Siriporn , Khamhang Worrawat , Worachotsueptrakun Kanthita , Wanthong Phanni , Nopvichai Chatchai , Supharatpariyakorn Thirawat , Putcharoen Opass , Paitoonpong Leilani , Suwanpimolkul Gompol , Jantarabenjakul Watsamon , Hemachudha Pasin , Krichphiphat Artit , Buathong Rome , Plipat Tanarak , Hemachudha Thiravat 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIn the age of a pandemic, such as the ongoing one caused by SARS-CoV-2, the world faces limited supply of tests, PPE and reagents, and factories are struggling to meet the growing demands. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pooling specimen for testing of SARS-CoV-2 virus, to determine whether costs and resource savings could be achieved without impacting the sensitivity of the testing. Ten specimens were pooled for testing, containing either one or two known positive specimen of varying viral concentrations. Pooling specimens did not affect the sensitivity of detecting SARS-CoV-2, and the PCR cycle threshold (Ct) between testing of pooling specimen and subsequent individual testing was not significantly different using paired t-test. This study also identified cost savings garnered from pooling of specimen for testing at 4 differing prevalence rates, ranging from 0.1-10%. Pooling specimens to test for COVID-19 infection in low prevalence areas or in low risk population can dramatically decrease the resources burden on lab operations by up to 80%. This paves the possibility for large-scale population screening, allowing for assured policy decisions by governmental bodies to ease lockdown restrictions in areas with low incidence of infection, or with lower risk populations.
Simulations of the spread of COVID-19 and control policies in Tunisia
Authors: BenMiled Slimane , Kebir Amira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe develop and analyze in this work an epidemiological model for COVID-19 using Tunisian data. Our aims are first to evaluate Tunisian control policies for COVID-19 and secondly to understand the effect of different screening, quarantine and containment strategies and the rule of the asymptomatic patients on the spread of the virus in the Tunisian population. With this work, we show that Tunisian control policies are efficient in screening infected and asymptomatic individuals and that if containment and curfew are maintained the epidemic will be quickly contained.
Comparison of two commercial molecular tests and a laboratory-developed modification of the CDC 2019-nCOV RT-PCR assay for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 from upper respiratory tract specimens
Authors: Moore Nicholas M. , Li Haiying , Schejbal Debra , Lindsley Jennifer , Hayden Mary K. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWe compared the ability of 2 commercial molecular amplification assays [RealTime SARS-CoV-2 on the m2000 (Abbott) and ID NOW™ COVID-19 (Abbott)] and a laboratory-developed test [modified CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR assay with RNA extraction by eMag® (bioMérieux) and amplification on QuantStudio™ 6 or ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Life Technologies)] to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in upper respiratory tract specimens. Discrepant results were adjudicated by medical record review. 200 nasopharyngeal swab specimens in viral transport medium (VTM) were collected from symptomatic patients between March 27 and April 9, 2020. Results were concordant for 167 specimens (83.5% overall agreement), including 94 positive and 73 negative specimens. The RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay on the m2000 yielded 33 additional positive results, 25 of which were also positive by the modified CDC assay but not by the ID NOW™ COVID-19 assay. In a follow-up evaluation, 97 patients for whom a dry nasal swab specimen yielded negative results by the ID NOW™ COVID-19 assay had a paired nasopharyngeal swab specimen collected in VTM and tested by the RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay; SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 13 (13.4%) of these specimens. Medical record review deemed all discrepant results to be true positives. The ID NOW™ COVID-19 test was the easiest to perform and provided a result in the shortest time: as soon as 5 minutes for positive and 13 minutes for negative result. The RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay on the m2000 detected more cases of COVID-19 infection than the modified CDC assay or the ID NOW™ COVID-19 test.