bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Targeted Client Communication Messages to Women in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Approach Based on Women’s and Family Members’ Perceptions and Knowledge of Antenatal Care
Authors: Pervin Jesmin , Sarker Bidhan Krishna , Nu U Tin , Khatun Fatema , Rahman A M Quaiyum , Venkateswaran Mahima , Rahman Anisur , Frøen J. Fredrik , Friberg Ingrid K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Timely and appropriate evidence-based practices during antenatal care improve maternal and neonatal health. There is a lack of information on how pregnant women and families perceive antenatal care in Bangladesh. This study explores their perceptions towards developing targeted client communication via text messages for increasing antenatal care utilization, as part of an implementation of an electronic registry for maternal and child health.Methods: We conducted this qualitative study between May and June 2017 in two sub-districts of Chandpur district, Bangladesh. We selected study participants by purposive sampling. A total of 24 in-depth interviews were conducted with pregnant women (n=10), lactating women (n=5), husbands (n=5), and mothers-in-law (n=4). The health belief model was used to guide data collection and analysis. Thematic analysis was carried out manually. We used behavior change techniques to inform the development of targeted client communications based on the thematic results.Results: Almost no respondents mentioned antenatal care as a preventive form of care, and only perceived it as necessary if any complications developed during pregnancy. Knowledge of the content of antenatal care and pregnancy complications was low. Women reported a variety of reasons for not attending ANC, including the lack of information on the timing of ANC; lack of decision-making power; long-distance to access care; being busy with household chores and not being satisfied with the treatment by health care providers. Study participants recommended phone calls as their preferred communication strategy when asked to choose between the phone call and text message, but saw text messages as a feasible option. We developed a library of 43 automatically customizable text messages to increase ANC utilization. Conclusions: Pregnant women and family members had limited knowledge about antenatal care and pregnancy complications. Effective health information through text messages could increase awareness of antenatal care among study participants. This study presents an example of designing targeted client communication to increase antenatal care utilization within formal scientific frameworks, including a taxonomy of behavior change techniques.
Factors Impacting the Implementation of a Psychoeducation Intervention Within the Mental Health System: a Multisite Study Using the Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Higgins Agnes , Murphy Rebecca , Downes Carmel , Barry Jennifer , Monahan Mark , Hevey David , Kroll Thilo , Doyle Louise , Gibbons Patrick 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Despite a strong evidence base and policy recommendation supporting the implementation of psychoeducation interventions within the mental health system, equitable access for many service users and family members has not been achieved. To enhance translation, developing an evidence-base around the factors that influence implementation of interventions is critical.Methods The aim of the study was to explore the factors influencing implementation of a group cofacilitated recovery focused psychoeducation intervention. The study design was explorative qualitative descriptive, involving the collection of data through individual and focus group interviews with key stakeholders (n=75) involved with the implementation within 14 mental health sites in the Republic of Ireland. The Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used as a conceptual framework to guide data collection and analysis. Results Key enablers and barriers were identified across all CFIR domains of the framework with some factors (depending on context) being both an enabler and a barrier. National policy; structural stability with national systems; leadership at all levels; peer payment system; local champions and support from multidisciplinary team members; evidence strength and quality of the programme design; availability of resources; referral pathways; knowledge, beliefs and self-efficacy of facilitators, as well as local culture influenced implementation. While some were specific to the programme, many barriers reflected systemic and structural challenges within health services more generally. Conclusion: Findings from this study provide an enhanced understanding of the different layers of determinants to implementation of an intervention. Overcoming challenges will involve positive and ongoing engagement and collaboration across the full range of stakeholders that are active within each domain, including policy and operational levels. The quality of leadership at each domain level is of crucial importance to successful implementation.
Incident Reports Involving Hospital Administrative Staff: Analysis of Data From a Japan Council for Quality Healthcare Nationwide Database
Authors: Akiyama Naomi , Akiyama Tomoya , Hayashida Kenshi , Koeda Keisuke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Task shifting and task sharing in healthcare are rapidly becoming more common as the shortage of physicians increases. However, previous research has not examined the changing roles of hospital administrative staff. This study clarified: (1) adverse incidents caused by hospital administrative staff and the direct and indirect impact of these incidents on patient care, and (2) which incidents directly involved hospital administrative staff. Methods: This study used secondary analysis of case report data from the Japan Council for Quality Healthcare collected from April 1, 2010, to March 31, 2019, which consisted of quantitative and text data from 85 case reports that were analyzed in terms of direct and indirect effects of hospital incidents. Differences in the direct and indirect impact of hospital incidents were statistically assessed using the χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Thirty-nine reports (45.9%) involved direct impact on patient care, while 46 (54.1%) involved indirect impact on patient care. Most incidents that directly impacted patient care involved administrative staff writing prescriptions on behalf of a doctor (n = 24, 61.5%). Most reported errors that indirectly affected patient care were related to system administration, information, and documentation used by administrative staff (n = 22, 47.8%), including 14 cases of patient misidentification (16.5% of all cases examined).Conclusions: Incidents involving hospital administrative staff can lead to severe consequences for patients. As such staff are members of medical treatment teams, improvements in patient care may require the submission and review of more incident reports involving administrative staff.
Development and Implementation of a Patient Assistance Fund: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Soffe Burke W. , Miranda Justine E. , Fang Jenny , Epperson Daniel G. , Lara Roberto A. , Williamson Hazel L. , Lipsky Martin S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this descriptive study is to outline the Roseman University of Health Sciences (RUHS) College of Dental Medicines’ Patient Assistance Fund development, organization and outcomes. The description and reported results provide insight to others considering similar health professions programs.Methods: The Patient Assistance Fund (PAF) affords dental students an opportunity to petition for and obtain financial assistance for their most disadvantaged patients. This study used a mixed methods research design using quantitative analyses for data collected as part of the PAFs operation and qualitative analyses to evaluate the patient experiences.Results: A total of 16 student advocates, consisting of 6 males and 10 females from the D3 and D4 classes made 26 presentations to the PAF board committee. The combined amount requested from the PAF was $47,428.00 (“Cost of Treatment Plan”) representing an average request per patient of $1,824.15 (range $324.00 to $4070.00). The approved procedures and treatment plans totaled $21,278.36 (“Cost of Approved Procedures”) with an average of $818.40 (range $204.00 to $2434.00) per patient. Patients and students expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the program.Conclusions: This study provides an overview of the structure, funding sources, expenditures and patient services supported by a dental student managed patient assistance fund. The experiences at RUHS College of Dental Medicine (CODM) suggest that other healthcare professions schools can develop similar type programs that yield benefit both to students and to patients in need. Trial Registration: Not applicable
Effect of Methanol Fixation on Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data
Authors: Wang Xinlei , Yu Lei , Wu Angela Ruohao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has led to remarkable progress in our understanding of tissue heterogeneity in health and disease. Recently, the need for scRNA-seq sample fixation has emerged in many scenarios, such as when samples need long-term transportation, or when experiments need to be temporally synchronized. Methanol fixation is a simple and gentle method that has been routinely applied in scRNA-seq. Yet, concerns remain that fixation may result in biases which may change the RNA-seq outcome. Results: We adapted an existing methanol fixation protocol and performed scRNA-seq on both live and methanol fixed cells. Analyses of the results show methanol fixation can faithfully preserve biological related signals, while the discrepancy caused by fixation is subtle and relevant to library construction methods. By grouping transcripts based on their lengths and GC content, we find that transcripts with different features are affected by fixation to different degrees in full-length sequencing data, while the effect is alleviated in Drop-seq result.Conclusions: Our deep analysis reveals the effects of methanol fixation on sample RNA integrity and elucidates the potential consequences of using fixation in various scRNA-seq experiment designs.
Genome-wide Mutation Landscape of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Lv Li , Ye Kai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic and researchers have built phylogenetic trees to trace the spread of the virus. However, the accumulation rate of variations and mutational hotspots remain largely unclear. Results: We collected more than 3,100 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from GISAID and profiled the landscape of whole genome variations. We detected 2,096 single nucleic variants (SNVs) and seven short deletions. 1,224 of them (58.4%) are missenses variation, altering the corresponding residues. We found the accumulation rate of SNVs in the current spreading situation is 6.36e-2/day. We found 15 missenses SNVs are extremely high frequent (existing in more than 100 genome sequences, p < 1e-5), effecting ORF1ab, S, ORF3a, M, ORF8, and N. Moreover, one frequent substitution at locus 23,403 changes the 614th amino acid of spike glycoprotein from D to G, potentially effecting the functions of this key protein. Conclusion: Our study provided the genome-wide mutation landscape of SARS-CoV-2. We found the continent specific mutational patterns and 15 missenses high frequent SNVs effecting 6 genes of the virus, may promoting the adaption of the virus during evolving.
Factors influencing decision-making to accept elective caesarean section in a hospital in Ghana: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Bam Victoria , Lomotey Alberta Yemotsoo , Diji Abigail Kusi-Amponsah , Budu Hayford Isaac , Bamfo-Ennin Dorothy , Mireku Georgina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Elective caesarean section rates are on the rise and socioeconomic status, perceptions of safety, cultural and social influences are contributory factors. Inspite of the benefits of medically-indicated caesarean section, some women refuse this due to a complexity of factors. This study aimed at determining the factors that influence women to accept medically-indicated caesarean section in a district hospital in Ghana.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 163 purposively-sampled postnatal women in a hospital. A questionnaire was used for data collection after the women gave their consent to participate. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, Chi-square test was done to determine the association between the factors that facilitated respondents’ acceptance of caesarean section and the duration of decision-making. ResultsMajor factors influencing their decision-making process were support from their husbands/relatives (39.3%), their baby’s life being at risk (24.5%), history of previous caesarean section and knowledge about the procedure (19.6%). Age (R2 = 0.19, p< 0.001); previous caesarean section (R2 = 0.14, p<0.001) are the major predictors of the duration of the decision-making process.ConclusionMost women will make decisions to accept elective caesarean section within a week’s duration based on consultation with relatives. There is the need to involve relatives during the antenatal care period in order for younger women in particular to be readily supported to make the decision early to avoid any complications and allay their fears.
Genome-Wide Survey and Identification of AP2/ERF Genes Involved in Shoot and Leaf Development in Liriodendron Chinense
Authors: Zong Yaxian , Hao Ziyuan , Tu Zhonghua , Shen Yufang , Zhang Chengge , Wen Shaoying , Yang Lichun , Ma Jikai , Li Huogen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Liriodendron chinense is a distinctive ornamental tree species due to its unique-shaped leaves and tulip-like flowers. The discovery of genes involved in leaf development and morphogenesis is critical for uncovering the underlying genetic basis of these traits. Genes in the AP2/ERF family were recognized as plant-specific transcription factors contributing to plant growth, hormone-induced development, ethylene response factors and stress responses. Results: In this study, we identified 104 putative AP2/ERF genes in the recently released Liriodendron genome database and RNA-seq dataset. Accordingly, all 104 genes were grouped into four subfamilies, including the AP2, ERF, RAV and Soloist subfamilies. This classification was further supported by the results of gene structure and conserved motif analyses. Moreover, based on the expression profiles of various tissues and organs, we discovered three LcAP2 genes as well as two VIII group genes that were significantly enriched in a shoot-specific manner by applying expression pattern and category enrichment analyses. Of these five genes, the relative expression levels of LcERF 94, LcERF 96 and LcERF 98 in the RT-qPCR assay were highly consistent with the RNA-seq results. Furthermore, we illustrated by dissection of Liriodendron shoots and subsequent qPCR assays that LcERF 94, LcERF 96 and LcERF 98 were expressed extensively in the early stage of leaf primordium development but rarely in tender leaves. In addition, these three genes displayed nuclear subcellular localizations through transient transformation of tobacco epidermal cells. Conclusions: Taken together, we identified all the AP2/ERF family members at the genome-wide level and provided candidates that might participate in the development and morphogenesis of the leaf primordium in L. chinense.
Self-perceived preparedness of dental school graduates and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on their confidence
Authors: Alraheam Islam Abd , Alashqar Mays A. , Hattar Susan , AlHadidi Abeer , Alhaddad Alaa , Sawair FA 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo study self-perceived preparedness of dental school graduates and the impact of COVID-19 on their preparedness.MethodAn online survey was designed and sent electronically to students who are graduating in 2020, dentists who graduated in 2019 and doing their prelicensure training, and dentists who graduated before 2019. Four- point Likert scale was used to assess participants’ perception.Results209 participants responded to the online questionnaire. The mean total preparedness score (TPS) for the 209 participants was 97.6 (SD ± 9.7) with a range of 69 to 120. The mean TPS of the different classes of participants was 99.5 for the class graduated before 2019, 98.1 for the 2020 class, and 95.1 for the 2019 class. Participants felt they are confident and extremely confident doing the majority of the required competencies. Weakness was mainly reported in surgical extraction for 2020 graduates due to the 8 weeks loss of their training. COVID-19 has considerable impact on 59.7% of the participants and marginal to no impact on 40.3%. The highest prevalence of those who thought it had some to severe impact on their confidence were those who graduated in year 2019 (73.4%). Of the participants 95.2% agreed that problem-based learning is a good educational tool and 58.5% agreed that competency-based assessment is a good educational and grading tool.ConclusionsThe graduates of University of Jordan felt confident in performing the majority of general dentistry procedures. COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the confidence of all the classes of participants even those graduated before 2019.
Costs and Healthcare Utilisation of Patients With Heart Failure in Spain
Authors: Escobar Carlos , Varela Luis , Palacios Beatriz , Capel Margarita , Sicras Antoni , Sicras Aram , Hormigo Antonio , Alcazar Roberto , Manito Nicolas , Botana Manuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the cumulative costs and healthcare utilisation in heart failure (HF) patients in Spain. This was also analyzed among the DAPA-HF like population.Methods: Observational, retrospective, population-based study using BIG-PAC database, which included data from specialized and primary care of people aged ≥18 years, from 7 autonomous communities in Spain, who received care for HF between 2015 and 2019. The healthcare and medication costs were summarized on a yearly basis starting from the index date (1st January 2015), and then cumulatively until the last year of follow-up (2019).Results: We identified 17,163 patients with HF (year 2015: mean age 77.3±11.8 years, 53.5% men, 51.7% systolic HF and 43.6% on NYHA functional class II). During the 2015-2019 period, total HF associated costs reached 15,373 Euros per person, being cardiovascular disease hospitalizations the most important determinant (75.8%), particularly HF hospitalizations (51.0%). Total medication cost accounted for 7.0% of the total cost. During this period, there was a progressive decrease of cardiovascular disease hospital costs per year (from 2,834 Euros in 2015 to 2,146 Euros in 2019, P<0.001), as well as cardiovascular and diabetic medication costs. Hospitalization and medication costs were higher in the DAPA-HF like population.Conclusions: During the 2015-2019 period, costs of patients with HF in Spain were substantial, being HF hospitalizations the most important determinant. Medication costs represented only a small proportion of total HF costs. Improving HF management, particularly through the use of those drugs that reduce HF hospitalization may be helpful to reduce HF burden.
MAIT cells regulate NK cell mediated tumor immunity
Authors: Petley Emma , Koay Hui-Fern , Henderson Melissa , Sek Kevin , Todd Kirsten , Keam Simon , Lai Junyun , House Imran , Zethoven Magnus , Chen Amanda , Oliver Amanda , Michie Jessica , Freeman Andrew , Giuffrida Lauren , Chan Jack , Pizzolla Angela , Mak Jeffrey , Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes Fernando , Kearney Conor , Millen Rosemary , Ramsay Rob , Huntington Nicholas , McCluskey James , Oliaro Jane , Fairlie David , Neeson Paul , Godfrey Dale , Beavis Paul (A.) , Darcy Phillip 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize microbial metabolites and play an important role in immunity to infection, however, the role they play in tumor immunity is unclear. Here we show that MAIT cell-deficient mice are more resistant to subcutaneous and lung metastasis B16F10 tumor growth compared to control mice, an effect that was associated with enhanced NK cell numbers and was NK cell-dependent. Analysis of this interplay in cancer patients also revealed that a high expression of a novel MAIT gene signature negatively impacted the prognostic significance of NK cells. Paradoxically, pre-pulsing tumors with MAIT cell antigens, or antigen-mediated MAIT cell activation in vivo, enhanced immunity against B16F10 and E0771 lung tumor metastasis. Furthermore, MAIT cell activation effectively reduced metastatic burden in a more stringent model of established lung metastases in mice. These effects were associated with enhanced NK cell responses and increased expression of both IFNγ-dependent and inflammatory genes in NK cells, which was neutralized by IFNγ blockade. Importantly, activated human MAIT cells also enhanced the function of NK cells isolated from patient tumor samples. These findings provide insight into the contrasting roles that MAIT cells can play in controlling anti-tumor immune responses depending on their activation status, in both mice and humans, and suggest potential therapeutic avenues for exploiting their potential anti-tumor properties for cancer treatment.
Evaluation of the Pediatric Life Support Instructors Courses
Authors: Lopez-Herce Jesus , Carrillo Angel , Urbano Javier , Manrique Gema , Mencía Santiago , Pediátricos Grupo Madrileño Cuidados Intensivos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the results and quality of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructor training courses.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed of the results of 24 pediatric CPR instructor courses held over 21 years (1999 to 2019). The results of participants’ evaluation of theory and practice sessions were analyzed. In addition, participants were asked to answer an anonymous survey to assess their opinion on the quality of theory and practice lessons, course organization and methodology, and instructor training. The results were compared by professional groups.
Results
A total of 560 participants completed the instructor course. Of them, 554 passed theory and practice tests (98.9%). The mean score obtained in theory tests was 9.2 (0.8) out of 10. The mean score obtained in all practice tests was > 3.5 out of 5. Participants evaluated all the aspects of the course (theory and practice content, organization, teaching methodology, and instructors) with mean scores over 8 out of 10.
Conclusions
Specific pediatric and neonatal CPR instructor courses are a cornerstone in the process of CPR training and ensuring the homogeneity and quality of training. Most of the participants obtained the qualification of instructors and their evaluation of the course was very positive.