bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Various influences on the formation of silica-encapsulated liposome particles and their functional cosmetic application
Authors: Ho Chang Jeong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work reports the various influences on the formation of silica-encapsulated liposome particles such as the used concentration of silica precursor and lecithin, and reaction temperature, and used solvent, and demonstration of cosmetic application with natural hemp-seed extracts as an anti-oxidant material for controlled release formulation. The obtained SLPs from various conditions were characterized by SEM, particle size analyzer, and FT-IR spectrophotometer to confirm the morphology and particle size. Furthermore, the cosmetic formulation of SLPs was demonstrated with controlled release of natural hemp-seed extracts.
Thermoplastic corn starch reinforced with pine wood fibre and calcium carbonate precipitate filler
Authors: Gerezgiher A G , Tamási K , Ibrahim J F M , Kónya C , Szabó T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The shortage of oil and related minerals and also their extreme environmental drawbacks are the main reason for the quick-growing interest in biodegradable polymer composites production. Biodegradable polymer composites are mainly produced from renewable resources which are biologically degradable. In this research, corn starch was plasticized with glycerol. The plasticized thermoplastic corn starch was reinforced with calcium carbonate precipitate powder as a filler and pine wood fibre as reinforcement. Free thermoplastic plasticized corn starch (FTPS), thermoplastic corn starch reinforced with calcium carbonate (CTPS), thermoplastic corn starch reinforced with pine wood (WTPS), thermoplastic corn starch reinforced with pine wood fibre and calcium carbonate precipitate hybrid composite (HTPS) were produced and compared for their mechanical properties like tensile strength and, hardness. DSC and DMA analysis were also done for determining their thermal properties. Moreover, the water absorption test was also carried out to understand their resistance to moisture. WTPS exhibits better results in most of the measured proprieties given that TPS and wood fibre being both hydrophobic resulted in a homogeneous distribution and better interfacial adhesion.
The Potency of Purple Sulphur Bacteria for In-Situ Sulphide Bioremediation in Water
Authors: Sadi N H , Firmansyah F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sulphide is odorous water pollutants and is also toxic in the form of H2S. Generally, water with high sulphide content has a very low amount of dissolved oxygen. Purple sulphur bacteria can be used as in-situ waters bioremediation agents to overcome sulphide pollution, one of which comes from the decomposition of organic compounds. This study aimed to determine the potency of purple sulphur bacteria isolated from various water located in the Cibinong area, Bogor Regency in West Java Indonesia to remove sulphides. The Pfennig 2 media was used for culturing the isolate. In order to get a single colony of bacteria, isolation was carried out using multilevel dilution method under anaerobic conditions. From this study, seven isolates of purple sulphur bacteria could be isolated. All isolates were able to remove sulphide from the test medium with 6% and 12% of sulphide. The highest sulphide removal ability was found in CU1 isolate followed by L1 and L2. The growth of CU1 and L2 in Kali Item River water could be detected within 17 hours. Thus, CU1 and L2 isolate had the potency to be used as an in-situ bioremediation agent for sulphides in waters with low oxygen content because of its anaerobic nature suitable for such environment.
Simultaneous Recovery of Ammonium and Phosphate from Leachate by Using Activated Zeolite
Authors: Suprihatin Suprihatin , Yani Mohamad , Fitriyani Ayu Laila 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ammonium and phosphate in leachate are potentially to contaminate both surface and groundwater. Zeolite has a high affinity so it can be used as an adsorbent for ammonium (NH4+), phosphate (PO43-) and other organic compounds. This research work aims to eliminate these pollutants stimulatingly by using activated zeolite. Leachate used for this experiment has initial ammonium concentration of 508.2 mg/L, and phosphate concentration of 7.77 mg/L. The zeolite has particle size of 100 mesh. Adsorption experiments were carried out with physically activated zeolite and physic-chemical activated zeolite with a dose variation of 15 - 120 g / L with a contact time of 12 hours. The results showed that a physical activated zeolite dosage of 120 g/L results in the smallest concentration of ammonium residue of 72.6 mg/L and a phosphate residue of 0.37 mg/L. The 45 g / L chemically-physically activated zeolite dose of 45 g/L produces an ammonium residue of 198 mg/L and phosphate residue of 0.74 mg/L. The ammonium adsorption with the both activated zeolites can be described very well using the 1st order kinetics model.
Effectiveness of Situ for Ciliwung Flood Mitigation in Bogor Regency
Authors: Nugraheni Claudia Tyas , Pawitan Hidayat , Purwanto Yanuar Jarwadi , Ridwansyah Iwan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bogor Regency is one of Regencies in Jabodetabek area that is experiencing rapid urban growth. This condition impacted the decreasing conditions of 39’s from 95’s urban small lakes or locally known as ‘situ’. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of situ Kebantenan and situ Cikaret as Ciliwung flood mitigation measure in the Bogor Regency. The SWAT model was employed for quantification the water balance of situ and watershed management. The simulation results of the water balance analysis indicated that the monthly average of volume of Situ Kabantenan and Situ Cikaret (2008-2015) were 136,955 m3 and 508,907 m3, the annual inflow Situ Cikaret were 24,693,822 m3/year and outflow were 25,177,593 m3/year, precipitation were 648,520 m3/year, evaporation were 166,543 m3/year, delta storage (1,794) m3/year, respectively. The result of hydrological responses analysis on application of situ and watershed management scenarios that combined the structural and non-structural measures was the best scenario for decreasing maximum discharge at situ outlet which is decreased 41% discharge. So that, in order to enhance the effectiveness of situs for Ciliwung flood mitigation, the combination of the structural and non structural management of 13 situ’s in Ciliwung river basin within the Bogor Regency is recommended that can increase the storage capacity from 1.8 million m3 to 4.7 million m3.
Implementation of Smart Water Grid System as a Green Technology n Gedebage Sports Centre, Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Devitama F F , Xinjie L , Luziani S , Paramita B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Smart Water Grid system has been widely applied to the Master Plan water distribution system in developed countries, such as Japan, and Singapore. However, this system has not been widely applied to the Master Plan designs in Indonesia. This system has advantages in a more controlled distribution system to minimize the risk of damage to the water distribution system. Specifically, this system is capable of meeting water needs in multi-, because it uses various water sources in its application. The purpose of this article in general: to provide a precedent for review on the application of Smart Water Grid in the form of study precedents from Japan and Singapore; Explaining Smart Water Grid and its components that are applied, reviewing monitoring methods, discussing the advantages, and disadvantages. In the end, this precedent study will be a recommendation for water treatment planning applications in the design of the Gedebage Sports Centre. Smart Water Grid design parameters such as (1) Able to fulfil the water needs in the multi-source (2) Able to prevent further damage of distribution system (3) facilitate maintenance of the water distribution system. Then, it can overcome to meet water needs by using a green technology system. Scope of this research is implementing the system of Smart Water Grid in Master Plan area as a smaller area than city’s area.
Utilization of Bio-sand Filter Technology to Reduce The Hardness of Groundwater in Bangunjiwo Village, Yogyakarta
Authors: Widodo C , Worokinkkin S P D A , Aridito M N , Nurusman H A , Widyawidura W 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWater is the most critical requirement for the community for daily needs. Groundwater in Bangunjiwo Village, Yogyakarta has a high level of hardness. groundwater in the village contains high Magnesium (Mg2+) and Calcium (Ca2+) reaches more than 180 ppm. The purpose of this study is to reduce the level of hardness of water in Bagunjiwo Village using bio-sand-filter technology. The sampling of groundwater in Bangunjiwo Village is done randomly at several different points. Water filtration with bio-sand-filter technology uses sand media by growing biofilm layers. Biofilm layers made from layers include gravel with a diameter of 2 cm, small gravel with a diameter of 1 cm, zeolites with a diameter of 0.5 cm, and layers of clay. Each layer is bordered by gauze. The arrangement is soaked in water for 21 days, resulting in biofilms in the media. The results of screening with bio-sand-filter technology showed a decrease in hardness of groundwater reached 78.67 % with a discharge of 0.5 litres per minute. Bio-sand-filters can absorb the content of Magnesium and Calcium even pathogens in the water. Bio-sand-filter technology is expected to be able to overcome community problems in Bangunjiwo Village, Yogyakarta.
Land Degradation Identification to Rehabilitate Upper Citarum Sub Watershed for Increasing Water Supply
Authors: Savitri Endang , Pramono Irfan B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLand degradation in Upper Citarum gives problem not only for erosion and sedimentation in downstream, but also for decreases the infiltration due to higher surface runoff. The surface runoff from upper Citarum contributed to the flooding downstream, such as Bandung city and West Bandung District. The degraded areas could be determined through analysis of land vulnerability to erosion. The aim of this study is to identify areas vulnerable to erosion and to design a rehabilitation plan to reduce erosion and increase infiltration. It is expected that by doing the land rehabilitation, the surface runoff is decreased and the groundwater is increased. The land vulnerability is identified by overlaying land cover, land system and precipitation. The result shows that more than 50% of the total areas of Upper Citarum are vulnerable to erosion, 26% are very vulnerable and the rest are moderate to not vulnerable. The recommended activities for land rehabilitation in the vulnerable and very vulnerable areas are determined according to their functions: forest and non-forest. In the non-forest function, the suggested activities are infiltration well, ponds, and planting forest trees; while in the forest function, especially in the protected forest, enrichment planting completed with water trap.
Drought Frequency, Severity, and Duration Monitoring Based on Climate Change in Southern and Southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abara Magarsa , Komariah  , Budiastuti Sri 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEthiopia is highly vulnerable to the impact of climate change due to its low adaptive capacity and a higher dependence on rain-fed agriculture for livelihood. The aim of this paper was to identify the long-term climatic trends and the magnitude of those trends and to analyse drought duration, frequency, and severity in southern and south-eastern Ethiopia based on climatic data (1980-2017). This research is a quantitative research method. The southern and south-eastern of Ethiopia were purposely selected based on a frequent occurrence of drought in the country. Monthly data were obtained from National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia. Mann-Kendall (MK) Test coupled with Sen’s Slope Estimator was used to analyse the trend of climatic data and its magnitude, and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was used to analysis drought characteristics. SPEI of 1-, 3- and 6-month timescales were calculated to understand drought characteristics. The result of the MK test showed that annual rainfall trend had non-significant decrease at all station except at Gode. The trend of annual maximum and minimum temperature is insignificantly increasing. The calculated SPEI revealed drought is more frequent and severe from time to time in the study area. Results showed that the most frequent, severe and prolonged droughts occurred during1999-2017 compared to 1980-1999. Climate change mitigation and proactive drought management approach is highly recommended in order to minimize the risk of drought.
Phytoplankton and Water Quality of Three Small Lakes in Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sulastri  , Akhdiana  , Khaerunissa N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In West Java small lakes, known as “Situ”, have many functions including flood control, irrigation, tourism, domestic water and fisheries. Lakes in urban area arevulnerable to anthropogenic impact and typically show elevated level of nitrate and phosphate which support eutrophication. Phytoplankton is sensitive to changes in aquatic ecosystems that arise from excessive eutrophication. This study is to determine the differences of phytoplankton composition and abundance and environmental factors three small lakes in Cibinong City. Two small lakes, Situ Cibuntu and Situ Lotus, receive water source which is coming from the streams flowing through agriculture and human settlement. The other lake, Situ Dora, receive water source coming from the ground water. Phytoplankton was collected weekly in July 2018, while the nutrient (TN and TP) and water quality including temperature, pH, DO, conductivity and TDS were monitored from July to December 2018. There was different phytoplankton composition and abundance and water quality between situ receiving water which flow through agriculture and settlement and groundwater. Phytoplankton composition of Situ Cibuntu and Situ Lotus was dominated by the group of Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta with the average of phytoplankton abundance were 50967 and 16700 cells. L−1and the chlorophyll-a concentration were 21.451 and 6.591 µg.L−1 respectively. Phytoplankton composition of Situ Dora was dominated by the group of Chlorophyta with the lowest of phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll-awere5858 cell. L−1 and 4.072 µg.L−1 respectively. The highest nutrient and species number of phytoplankton was recorded in Lake Cibuntu. Water quality of Situ Dora was also characterized by the low value of pH, nutrient (TP and TN). It is highlighted that water source enter into the lake determine status of water quality and characteristic of phytoplankton in urban small lake.
Green open space of riverbanks in Bogor City as a potential location for development of urban agriculture
Authors: Ramandhani Keni , Budiarti Tati , Makalew Afra DN 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bogor City is one city that has a history as a green city. To meet food security, green cities are not only directed at planting trees or ornamental plants. However, currently the green city is more directed at the development of productive plants so that the people of Bogor City can use it in meeting food needs. One alternative to conversion of urban agricultural land is in the river area. One of the structures of the Green Open Space (GOS) in Bogor City is referred to as the GOS river bank. Riverbank GOS is one of the potential locations for the development of urban agriculture, so this study aims to identify potential locations on river banks for the development of urban agriculture. The method used in this study is GIS analysis. The analysis process is done by overlaying the hydrological map (river), GOS land use map, and land slope map, which then produces the riverbank GOS thematic map. This data analysis technique is followed by an initial inspection process to check the correct location of potential points. The results of this study indicate potential location points of riverbank GOS that can be used for the development of urban agriculture in Bogor City.
River Capacity for Sectoral Water Pollution Loads (Case Study: Cilamajang River) City of Tasikmalaya
Authors: Irawan P. , Prakoso W G. , Waspodo R. S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The increasing population in the city of Tasikmalaya has an impact on increasing the pace of development in various sectors. population growth and changes in land use have resulted in current environmental conditions in a number of areas in the city of Tasikmalaya showing a decline in quality. This is due to the increased use of natural resources including the use of surface water sourced from river water. Cilamajang River is a Ciwulan sub-basin located in the city of Tasikmalaya. The area of the Cilamajang watershed reaches 29.53 km2. Simulation of discharge using 15-year FJ Mock series method data provide a minimum discharge of the Cilamajang River of 474.95 Liters/second. Simulation of discharge and loading of pollution in 2018 has exceeded water quality standards according to PP 82 of 2001, BOD parameters are 131.72 mg/L, the COD parameter is 1.41 mg/L and the TSS parameter is 91.41 mg/L. This condition must receive serious attention for the local government in managing the water environment.
Urban Water Governance Through the Watershed Spatial Institutional Approach
Authors: I’anah  , Kartodihardjo Hariadi , Purwanto Januar Jarwadi , Murtilaksono Kukuh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Cisadane watershed in the upstream part of Bogor Regency is used as a source of raw water for PDAM Kota Bogor. Development in the Cisadane River Basin encourages the conversion of protected land and water absorption into built-up land. Government policies for resolving watershed area management have tended to be structurally resolved. The non-structural approach through the spatial institutional approach rarely makes attention. This study aims to analyze water management through an approach to watershed spatial planning and the pattern of coordination between inter-sectoral institutions related to the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) for sustainable water management. The study used a mixed method, first look problems about inconsistensy with policy spatial planning ang then descriptive qualitative approach through analyzing the role of the RTRW and coordinating inter-sectoral institutions. The findings of the study showed that the role of the RTRW had not been effective in ensuring the sustainability of water resources management. Local governments as leader power in determining policies have not been able to integrate inter-sectoral and inter-regional interests due to lack of coordination between related institutions. The use of water resources often does not see the production or water management system that is related to the RTRW, because of that the need for a coordination forum to bridge the interests of integrated water resources in spatial planning.
Role of destination smartness in shaping tourist satisfaction: A SEM based on technological attributes in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranasinghe J P R C , Danthanarayana C P , Ranaweera R A A K , Idroos A A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The widespread sprout of mobile technology, specially the smartphone, has further transformed the tourism experience and empowered today’s travellers by bringing together information search, communication, entertainment, social networking and mobility-related functionalities to the fingertips of on-the-go travellers & it provide quick response & information widely dispersed. Smart tourism has become a modern trend in tourism industry. It is one of the critical researchable area to search the potentiality of Sri Lanka as a smart tourist destination. The main objective is to identify smart features and the degree of smartness of Sri Lanka as a tourist destination from the perspective of tourists. One thousand fifty two tourists from Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Sigiriya, Kandy, Nuwaraeliya, Ella, Galle, Matara, Kaluthara and Colombo districts are selected to collect data through a structured questionnaire. To identify the destination smartness researcher has been conducted multiple mediator analysis. Also structural equation modelling (SEM) has conducted by using smartPLS software. Results revealed that both mediators have partial mediation impact between the relationship of smart tourism attributes and travel experience satisfaction. Thus, the results could encourage the formation of Smart Tourism Destinations. With technology being embedded within the destinations environment, it can enrich tourist experiences and enhance destinations competitiveness. Tourism planners and managers will benefit from a better understanding of the integral elements of smart tourism destinations and it will support their efforts in developing competitiveness for destinations of the country.
Strategy to improve the solid waste management of Barangay Matictic, Norzagaray, Bulacan
Authors: Paz V de , Domingo R , Roxas F M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Solid Waste generation in the Philippine continues to be a national problem, and it is still increasing as the country’s population grows. This study aims to recommend improvements in the Solid Waste Management program at the national level by implementing behavioral change initiatives and alternative disposal plans for solid waste starting with Barangay (Brgy.) Matictic in Norzagaray, Bulacan as a pilot test. The research focus is reducing waste at the source and implementing changes in the manner of mobilizing resources to minimize waste generation. Research methodology includes Focus Group Discussion, interviews, and research with both internal and external stakeholders to facilitate gathering of data. This study shows that improvements in Solid Waste Management can be accomplished by allocating sufficient funds and efforts into changing the behaviour of households. It is recommended further that funding for the usual solid waste management interventions such as landfill and recycling must be implemented only if waste generation is avoided via proper resource planning and if waste segregation is strictly implemented through incentive programs or awareness initiatives. While technology plays a great role in managing solid waste, reframing the problem will improve outcomes. The global issue of waste must be perceived and resolved as an adaptive challenge, and not just a technical problem.