bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dental Patients Toward Cross-Infection and Economic Implications in View of Covid-19: An Online Survey
Authors: Bains Rhythm , Tikku Aseem P. , Bains Vivek Kumar , Verma Promila 
Published: November 2020

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the patients regarding cross-infection in dental clinics in view of COVID-19, and its economic implications. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional online survey done using Google Forms tool which was shared amongst 501 participants via e-mail and various social media platforms. It consisted of 42 structured questions regarding sociodemographics (seven questions), knowledge of COVID-19 (seven questions), practices regarding COVID-19 preventive methods (five questions), knowledge regarding cross-infection in dental clinics (nine questions), attitudes toward infection in dental clinics, and increased cost of treatment due to added disinfection protocols (14 questions). All the associations were tested using the chi-square test and with the P-value set at <.05. The significance level was taken as α = 0.05; therefore, a difference or association with P-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. The linear regression model was used to relate demographics with the knowledge attitude practices items, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Results: A total of 478 responses were assessed. 92.2% of the respondents had high knowledge regarding COVID-19, and only 48.1% had a high knowledge score regarding infection control in dental clinics. The respondents exhibited high scores for practice related to COVID-19 (83.9%) and attitude toward infection control in dental clinics (91.9%). Using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, knowledge attitude practices variables showed a significant correlation amongst each other ( P < .001). Only 60% responded that extra infection control protocols will increase the treatment charges, and approximately 30% responded that they will not pay or were not sure of paying the extra charges. The proportion of respondents who were agreeing about paying the increase cost were independent of age ( P = .226), gender ( P = .328), education ( P = .085), and profession ( P = .121). Conclusion: A significant percentage of patients today have a lot of knowledge of COVID-19. Also, they have higher expectations than before from their dental health care providers regarding infection control.
The Challenges of Treating Female Soccer Players With ACL Injuries: Hamstring Versus Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft
Authors: Britt Elise , Ouillette Ryan , Edmonds Eric , Chambers Henry , Johnson Kristina , Bastrom Tracey , Pennock Andrew 
Published: November 2020

Background: Although anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in female soccer players, the optimal graft option for ACL reconstruction is currently unclear. Purpose/Hypothesis: To compare the outcomes of female soccer players after ACL reconstruction using either hamstring tendon autograft or bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autograft. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in clinical outcome scores, return to sport, or retear rates between BTB and hamstring grafts in our study cohort. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all skeletally mature adolescent female soccer players who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using either hamstring tendon or BTB autograft between 2013 and 2016. Demographic, injury, and surgical variables were documented. Outcome measures included the Lysholm score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, Tegner activity score, and visual analog scales for pain and for satisfaction, as well as ability to return to sport. Results: Overall, 90 female soccer players met the inclusion criteria, of whom 79% (41 BTB and 30 hamstring) were available for a minimum 2-year follow-up or had a graft failure before the follow-up. The BTB group had a lower body mass index (mean ± SD, 23 ± 3 vs 25 ± 4; P = .02) and shorter postoperative follow-up time in months (mean ± SD, 37.4 vs 46.1; P ≤ .001); otherwise, no differences in demographic, injury, or surgical variables between groups were noted. Regarding outcome measures, the BTB group achieved a higher Tegner score (6.0 vs 4.2; P = .004), and there was no other difference between groups. Of the patients who did not return to soccer, 44.7% reported fear as the reason. Of the patients who did return to soccer, 31.9% sustained another ACL injury (retear or contralateral tear), with no differences in reinjury rates based on graft selection. Conclusion: Adolescent female soccer players undergoing ACL reconstruction had relatively high satisfaction and outcome scores independent of autograft choice. Notwithstanding, patients and families need to be counseled that less than half of patients will return to their preinjury level of sport and, if an athlete attempts to return, there is a high risk of further ACL injury.
Effect of Achilles Tendon Rupture on Player Performance and Longevity in National Basketball Association Players
Authors: Khalil Lafi S. , Jildeh Toufic R. , Tramer Joseph S. , Abbas Muhammad J. , Hessburg Luke , Mehran Nima , Okoroha Kelechi R. 
Published: November 2020

Background: National Basketball Association (NBA) players who return to sport (RTS) after Achilles tendon rupture have been reported to have poor outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Achilles tendon ruptures on player performance and career longevity in NBA athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: NBA players who sustained Achilles tendon ruptures between 1970 and 2019 were identified using publicly available resources and were matched 1:1 to a healthy control group by age, position, height, and body mass index. Demographic characteristics, player utilization (games and minutes), and performance efficiency rating (PER) were documented for all athletes. The season of Achilles tendon rupture was set as the index year, and statistical analysis compared postindex versus preindex data both acutely and in the long term. Percentages relative to preoperative values were calculated to compare the injured and control groups in a standardized fashion. Results: Of 47 players, 34 (72.3%) with Achilles tendon ruptures returned to play at the NBA level after surgical intervention. A total of 7 players were excluded from the study. No differences were found in demographic characteristics or PER (2 years before injury) between the remaining 27 players and matched controls. The injured players had significantly shorter careers compared with control players (3.1 ± 2.3 vs 5.8 ± 3.5 seasons, respectively; P < .05). Injured players demonstrated significant declines in games per season (GPS), minutes per game (MPG), and PER at 1 year and 3 years after RTS compared with preindex baseline ( P < .05). Injured players, compared with control players, had reduced relative percentages of games started (GS) (50% vs 125%, respectively), MPG (83% vs 103%), and PER (80% vs 96%) at 1 year after return ( P < .05), but reductions at extended 3-year follow-up were seen only in GPS (71% vs 91%) and GS (39% vs 99%) ( P < .05). Conclusion: Our study found that 72.3% of NBA players returned to play after Achilles tendon repair, but they had shorter careers compared with uninjured controls. Players returning from Achilles tendon repairs had decreased game utilization and performance at all time points relative to their individual preindex baseline. However, for the injured players when compared with controls, game utilization but not performance was found to be decreased at 3-year follow-up.
An atypical presentation of multidermatomal herpes zoster: a case report
Authors: Alhayyas Mohammed , Chaudhry Mehmood , Berdouk Sabrina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHerpes zoster (HZ) also known as shingles is a common dermatological pathology seen in the emergency department. Multidermatomal involvement is an uncommon presentation and usually is linked to immunocompromised individuals. However, it is rarely reported in the immunocompetent population.Case presentationWe report a 30-year-old Emirati male complaining of low-grade fever for 3 days, sore throat and an uncomfortable pruritic erythematous rash over his chest and back for 2 days. He was treated the day preceding his presentation in another facility for a presumed allergic reaction after taking ibuprofen. On physical examination, he was found to have exudative tonsillitis and influenza and was treated for both and discharged. He returned to the emergency department reporting increasing pain and was referred to be seen in the dermatology clinic where a biopsy was obtained, and he was discharged with a steroid topical cream. Fourteen days later, he returned to the clinic reporting crusting of the rash; the biopsy results were positive for herpes zoster. The diagnosis of multidermatomal herpes zoster was made, and he was then treated with antivirals.ConclusionsHerpes zoster can present with atypical manifestations. Multidermatomal HZ is a rare dermatological manifestation in the immunocompetent adult. It is characterised by a rash spread over two or more adjacent dermatomes. This case highlights the challenging diagnosis of this dermatological presentation.
Air in the right ventricle and vein after basilar skull fracture: a case report
Authors: Kai Hiroki , Hirose Tomoya , Nishiura Takaya , Noma Takashi , Ogawa Yoshihito , Yamada Tomoki , Nakae Haruhiko , Mizushima Yasuaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Air in the venous system may cause vascular air embolism, which is a potentially life-threatening event. The presence of air in venous system after basilar skull fracture is very rare.

Case presentation
A 77-year-old man fell from a truck bed and suffered head and neck trauma. On hospital arrival, his consciousness was clear and his vital signs were stable. His chief complaint was pain in the back of his head and neck. Head CT showed traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the right frontal area and basilar skull fracture of the occipital bone. Whole body CT showed pneumocephalus and air in the jugular vein and right ventricle. The patient was placed in the supine position in a state of absolute rest to prevent vascular air embolism and was treated conservatively. On hospital day 3, CT was reperformed, revealing disappearance of air in the right ventricle and decreased air in the veins of the head and neck. On hospital day 4, the air in the veins disappeared completely on CT. He did not experience vascular air embolism after increasing of his activity level (e.g., raising his head on hospital day 3 and standing and walking alone on day 5). He was discharged 34 days after admission without sequelae.

Conclusions
Head trauma patients with basilar skull fracture might develop vascular air embolism if physicians fail to detect air in the venous system on hospital arrival. A high degree of suspicion regarding air in venous system or heart is required when patients present with such injuries.
Attitude and perception of urology by fifth-year (GEMPIII) students at the end of their mixed block rotation at Wits Medical School
Authors: Tshiala Alain Kabongo , Haffejee Mohamed , Nel Marietha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
This University Medical School offers a 6-year MBBCh programme, of which the fifth year consists of seven blocks of 6 weeks each of which 2 weeks are mixed rotations in specialities such as ophthalmology, ear–nose–throat and urology. The purpose of the study was to assess the current urology knowledge and skills confidence amongst undergraduate medical students regarding urological diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, in order to evaluate the current curriculum for possible need of improvement.

Methods
This was a qualitative survey of 250 fifth-year medical students from September 2019 to February 2020. The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire consisting of two parts: The first component covered the students perceptions of the urology rotation, and the second component contained the students self-evaluations. The aim of the study was to evaluate students perceptions of the current urology curriculum and to assess the possible need for improvement in urological knowledge and skill.

Results
Of 250 (100%) voluntary participants, 159 (63.6%) were female and 91(36.4%) were male. The majority of students considered their urology knowledge on lithiasis/stone disease and erectile dysfunction sufficient and were comfortable with male catheterisation. Voiding dysfunction, paediatric urology and uro-oncology were the subjects students commonly expressed a deficit in. There was a statistical significant difference in females having a more positive attitude to urology, than males (p = 0.02). No statistical significant difference in attitude to urology was found between students who rotated in one center opposed to students who rotated in another center. Indeed, the majority of students had a negative attitude to urology at the end of the mixed block rotations regardless of the training location. Unattractivity and lack of knowledge were the most common reasons for not choosing urology as a career.

Conclusion
The study reveals a need for improvement in basic urological knowledge and skills during the mixed block rotation. A more practical curriculum, taking into account: bedside teachings, attendance of urological clinics and more exposure to urological patients, are some suggestions to be considered in improving the urological educational curriculum.
Highly diversified core promoters in the human genome and their effects on gene expression and disease predisposition
Authors: Gupta Hemant , Chandratre Khyati , Sinha Siddharth , Huang Teng , Wu Xiaobing , Cui Jian , Zhang Michael Q. , Wang San Ming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Core promoter controls transcription initiation. However, little is known for core promoter diversity in the human genome and its relationship with diseases. We hypothesized that as a functional important component in the genome, the core promoter in the human genome could be under evolutionary selection, as reflected by its highly diversification in order to adjust gene expression for better adaptation to the different environment.

Results
Applying the “Exome-based Variant Detection in Core-promoters” method, we analyzed human core-promoter diversity by using the 2682 exome data sets of 25 worldwide human populations sequenced by the 1000 Genome Project. Collectively, we identified 31,996 variants in the core promoter region (− 100 to + 100) of 12,509 human genes (https://dbhcpd.fhs.um.edu.mo). Analyzing the rich variation data identified highly ethnic-specific patterns of core promoter variation between different ethnic populations, the genes with highly variable core promoters, the motifs affected by the variants, and their involved functional pathways. eQTL test revealed that 12% of core promoter variants can significantly alter gene expression level. Comparison with GWAS data we located 163 variants as the GWAS identified traits associated with multiple diseases, half of these variants can alter gene expression.

Conclusion
Data from our study reals the highly diversified nature of core promoter in the human genome, and highlights that core promoter variation could play important roles not only in gene expression regulation but also in disease predisposition.
Deep sampling and pooled amplicon sequencing reveals hidden genic variation in heterogeneous rye accessions
Authors: Hawliczek Anna , Bolibok Leszek , Tofil Katarzyna , Borzęcka Ewa , Jankowicz-Cieślak Joanna , Gawroński Piotr , Kral Adam , Till Bradley J. , Bolibok-Brągoszewska Hanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLoss of genetic variation negatively impacts breeding efforts and food security. Genebanks house over 7 million accessions representing vast allelic diversity that is a resource for sustainable breeding. Discovery of DNA variations is an important step in the efficient use of these resources. While technologies have improved and costs dropped, it remains impractical to consider resequencing millions of accessions. Candidate genes are known for most agronomic traits, providing a list of high priority targets. Heterogeneity in seed stocks means that multiple samples from an accession need to be evaluated to recover available alleles.To address this we developed a pooled amplicon sequencing approach and applied it to the out-crossing cereal rye(Secale cerealeL.).ResultsUsing the amplicon sequencing approach 95 rye accessions of different improvement status and worldwide origin, each represented by a pooled sample comprising DNA of 96 individual plants, were evaluated for sequence variation in six candidate genes with significant functions on biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and seed quality. Seventy-four predicted deleterious variants were identified using multiple algorithms. Rare variants were recovered including those found only in a low percentage of seed.ConclusionsWe conclude that this approach provides a rapid and flexible method for evaluating stock heterogeneity, probing allele diversity, and recovering previously hidden variation.A large extent of within-population heterogeneity revealed in the study provides an important point for consideration during rye germplasm conservation and utilization efforts.
Predictive efficacy of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for long-term prognosis in new onset acute coronary syndrome: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Yi , Xu Yanan , Wang Jun , Zhai Xueqin , Jiang Haibing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of coronary artery diseases (CADs), including acute coronary syndrome. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been identified as a novel marker of the pro-inflammatory state. We aimed to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the NLR for the prognosis of patients with new-onset ACS.

Methods
We retrospectively included consecutive patients with new-onset ACS treated with emergency coronary angiography. NLR was measured at baseline and analyzed by tertiles. The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated by the Gensini score. Correlations of NLR with the severity of CAD and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular diseases (MACEs) during follow-up were determined.

Results
Overall, 737 patients were included. The NLR was positively correlated with the severity of coronary lesions as assessed by Gensini score (P < 0.05). During the follow-up period (mean, 43.49 ± 23.97 months), 65 MACEs occurred. No significant association was detected between baseline NLR and the risk of MACEs during follow-up by either Kaplan–Meier or Cox regression analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that a higher NLR was independently associated with coronary lesion severity as measured by the Gensini score (1st tertile vs. 3rd tertile hazard ratio [HR]: 0.527, P < 0.001, and 2nd tertile vs. 3rd tertile HR: 0.474, P = 0.025).

Conclusions
The NLR may be associated with coronary disease severity at baseline but is not associated with adverse outcomes in patients with new-onset ACS.

Ethics Approval Number
2019XE0208
Incidence and predictors of surgical site infection following cesarean section in North-west Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ketema Daniel Bekele , Wagnew Fasil , Assemie Moges Agazhe , Ferede Aster , Alamneh Alehegn Aderaw , Leshargie Cheru Tesema , Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Petrucka Pammla , Telayneh Animut Takele , Alebel Animut 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Following delivery by caesarean section, surgical site infection is the most common infectious complication. Despite a large number of caesarean sections performed at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, there was no study documenting the incidence of surgical site infection after caesarean section. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the incidence of surgical site infection following caesarean section at Debre-Markos Referral Hospital in Amhara region, North-west Ethiopia.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted among 520 pregnant women who had a caesarean section between March 28, 2019 and August 31, 2019. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Data was entered using EpiData™ Entry Version 4.1 software and analyzed using R Version 3.6.1 software. A descriptive analysis was conducted using tables, interquartile ranges and median. The time to development of surgical site infection was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression model for bivariable and multivariable analyses was done. Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to show the strength of association.

Result
The mean age of the study cohort was 27.4 ± 4.8 years. The overall cumulative incidence of surgical site infection was 25.4% with an incidence of 11.7 (95% CI:9.8,13.9) per 1000 person/days. Not able to read and write (AHR = 1.30,95% CI:1.19,2.11), no antenatal care (AHR = 2.16, 95%CI:1.05,4.53), previous history of CS (AHR = 1.21, 95% CI:1.11,2.31), HIV positive (AHR = 1.39, 95% CI:1.21,2.57), emergency procedure (AHR = 1.13, 95% CI:1.11,2.43), vertical type of incision (AHR = 2.60, 95% CI:1.05,6.44), rupture of membrane (AHR = 1.50, 95% CI:1.31,1.64), multiple vaginal examination (AHR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.71, 3.20) were significant predictors of surgical site infection in this study.

Conclusion
This study concluded that the incidence of surgical site infection following caesarean section was relatively high compared to previous studies. Not able to read and write, have no ante natal care, previous history of caesarean section, HIV, emergency surgery, vertical type of incision, rupture of membranes before caesarean section, and multiple vaginal examinations were significant predictors of surgical site infection in this study. Therefore, intervention programs should focus on and address the identified factors to minimize and prevent the infection rate after caesarean section.