bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of perioperative intravenous lidocaine on the incidence of short‐term cognitive function after noncardiac surgery: A meta‐analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Xiao , Sun Yuan , Lin Dandan , Wei Changwei , Wu Anshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesPostoperative cognitive dysfunction is a debilitating postoperative complication. The perioperative neuroprotective effect of lidocaine has conflicting results.MethodsIn this qualitative review of randomized controlled clinical trials on the perioperative use of lidocaine, we report the effects of intravenous lidocaine on brain function after noncardiac surgery. Studies were identified from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register.ResultsOf the 453 retrieved studies, 4 randomized trials were included. No significant association between the use of lidocaine postoperative cognitive states was found (risk ratio 0.67; 95% CI −0.02 to 1.36; I289%; p = .06).ConclusionsCurrent evidence cannot suggest that perioperative intravenous use of lidocaine has pharmacological brain neuroprotection after noncardiac surgery. All the included studies were small‐scale research, and the total number of participants was small; the results should be interpreted with caution.
Pd‐Catalyzed Ortho‐Directed C—H Glycosylation of Arenes Using N‐linked Bidentate Auxiliaries
Authors: Wang Quanquan , Zhu Wanjun , Sun Qikai , He Gang , Chen Gong 
Published: October 2020

Main observation and conclusionA set of Pd‐catalyzed ortho‐directed C—H glycosylation reactions with glycosyl chloride donors using various N‐linked bidentate auxiliaries has been developed for synthesis of C‐aryl glycosides. A broad range of pyranose and furanose moieties can be installed on the ortho position of arylamine, carbazole, indole and benzylamine type substrates in high yield and with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. These auxiliaries can be readily installed and removed under relatively mild conditions.
Optimization, validation, and comparison of a rapid method for the quantification of insulin‐like growth factor 1 in serum using liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Seo Yoondam , Park Jisoo , Kim Minyoung , Sung Changmin , Kwon Oh‐Seung , Lee Hwa Jeong , Min Hophil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐I) is the primary mediator of the effects of the growth hormone (GH). Therefore, it has been used as a biomarker to detect the abuse of GH in sports. The measurement of IGF‐I relies on mass‐based and immunological approaches to analysis. Among the mass‐based analysis methods, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has a number of functional advantages. LC–MS measurements based on the quantification of IGF‐I, according to trypsin digestion, are used in the most common method of analyzing doping. However, this method is time‐consuming and subject to experimental variability.In this study, we optimized a rapid method for detecting IGF‐I without the trypsin digestion step. This method of analysis uses an ultra‐centrifugal filter and an LC‐HRMS through narrow‐range mass scan method. To verify the validity of this method, eight categories of validation testing were applied with the following results: linearity, R2 > 0.99; limit of detection, 15 ng/ml; limit of quantification, 20 ng/ml; accuracy, >99%; recovery rate, >95%; carryover, <0.03; and inter‐ and intra‐day precision values, %CV < 2% and %CV < 6%, respectively. Furthermore, we discussed the correlation of the quantified concentration from two other methods, immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and parallel reaction monitoring method, using 209 serum samples. In conclusion, although both mass spectrometry‐based methods worked equally well in terms of analytical performance and correlation with IRMA results, narrow‐range mass scan method had several advantages, such as time and cost savings and reliable reproducibility, over the existing methods.
Reduction in the metabolic levels due to phenotypic plasticity in the Pyrenean newt, Calotriton asper, during cave colonization
Authors: Guillaume Olivier , Deluen Marine , Raffard Allan , Calvez Olivier , Trochet Audrey 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccording to theories on cave adaptation, cave organisms are expected to develop a lower metabolic rate compared to surface organisms as an adaptation to food scarcity in the subterranean environments. To test this hypothesis, we compared the oxygen consumption rates of the surface and subterranean populations of a surface‐dwelling species, the newt Calotriton asper, occasionally found in caves. In this study, we designed a new experimental setup in which animals with free movement were monitored for several days in a respirometer. First, we measured the metabolic rates of individuals from the surface and subterranean populations, both maintained for eight years in captivity in a natural cave. We then tested individuals from these populations immediately after they were caught and one year later while being maintained in the cave. We found that the surface individuals that acclimated to the cave significantly reduced their oxygen consumption, whereas individuals from the subterranean population maintained in the cave under a light/dark cycle did not significantly modify their metabolic rates. Second, we compared these metabolic rates to those of an obligate subterranean salamander (Proteus anguinus), a surface aquatic Urodel (Ambystoma mexicanum), and a fish species (Gobio occitaniae) as references for surface organisms from different phyla. As predicted, we found differences between the subterranean and surface species, and the metabolic rates of surface and subterranean C. asper populations were between those of the obligate subterranean and surface species. These results suggest that the plasticity of the metabolism observed in surface C. asper was neither directly due to food availability in our experiments nor the light/dark conditions, but due to static temperatures. Moreover, we suggest that this adjustment of the metabolic level at a temperature close to the thermal optimum may further allow individual species to cope with the food limitations of the subterranean environment.
Electrochemical Monitoring of Subcutaneous Tissue pO2 Fluctuations during Exercise Using a Semi‐implantable Needle Electrode
Authors: Anastasova Salzitsa , Spehar‐Délèze Anna‐Maria , Kwasnicki Richard Mark , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Vadgama Pankaj 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSemi‐implantable needle oxygen electrodes were used for forearm subcutaneous monitoring in human subjects undertaking high intensity cycling and fist clenching exercise. pO2 variations in the range between 40 and 100 mm Hg oxygen were seen. Superimposed on these were paradoxical rises in subcutaneous pO2, of up to 100 mm Hg which paralleled the scale of the exercise. This was indicative of increased blood flow through skin. Triton X‐100 incorporated into the sensor polyurethane membranes helped to give faster responses and reduced the possibility of biofouling and drift. The sterilizable system, free from internal electrolyte film appears promising for future clinical monitoring.
Clarifying the unique effects of pre‐ and postnatal depression on pre‐schoolers' adjustment
Authors: Thompson Stephanie F. , Klein Melanie R. , Ruberry Erika J. , Kiff Cara J. , Moran Lyndsey , Zalewski Maureen , Lengua Liliana J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the possible unique effects of pre‐and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms in relation to parenting and children's effortful control in predicting children's adjustment. Contextual risk factors (income, negative life events) were modelled. Mothers and children (N = 306) were assessed four times, including T1 maternal reports of depressive symptoms, T2 observed parenting, T3 behavioural measures of effortful control, and T4 teacher ratings of children's outcomes. Pre‐ and postnatal contextual risk predicted maternal depression and child adjustment directly. Post‐ but not prenatal depressive symptoms predicted parenting behaviours. Pre‐ but not postnatal depressive symptoms predicted children's adjustment. Results suggest that pre‐ and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms are uniquely associated with parenting and child outcomes.
This study asks if pre‐ and postnatal depressive symptoms effect children's adjustment through mothers' parenting and children's subsequent self‐regulation.
Multiple methods were utilized and showed that postnatal depressive symptoms predict parenting while prenatal depressive symptoms predict adjustment.
Pre‐ and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms are uniquely associated with parenting and child outcomes.
Intra‐cardiac lidocaine administration to induce fetal demise before late second‐trimester abortion: Retrospective review
Authors: Tolu Lemi Belay , Tufa Tesfaye H. , Abas Ferid , Kahn Chavi , MacAfee Lauren , Prager Sarah , Bell Jason D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy and safety of intra‐cardiac lidocaine administration to induce fetal demise before second‐trimester medication abortion in a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review to collect selected sociodemographic and clinical information. All patients who received fetal intra‐cardiac lidocaine between January 1, 2019 and April 30, 2019 were included in the study. Fetal demise was considered successful if achieved within 24 hours after fetal intra‐cardiac lidocaine administration. We analyzed the data using SPSS version 20. We used frequency tables to describe the data and performed a multivariable analysis to determine associations between variables.ResultsA total of 80 fetuses were given intra‐cardiac lidocaine.The mean gestational age was 23+1 weeks (range 21+0–27+5 weeks). Twenty‐four hours after lidocaine administration 76 (95%) pregnancies showed negative fetal cardiac activity. Fetuses at gestational ages of 21–23+6 weeks were five times more likely to have negative cardiac activity compared with those with gestational ages between 24 and 28 weeks (P=0.001). Two women developed nausea, vomiting, and a metallic taste, but no serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsIntra‐cardiac lidocaine is effective at inducing fetal demise before late second‐trimester medication abortion with no associated serious adverse events or complications.
Testing for correlation in error‐component models
Authors: Jochmans Koen 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis paper concerns linear models for grouped data with group‐specific effects. We construct a portmanteau test for the null of no within‐group correlation beyond that induced by the group‐specific effect. The approach allows for heteroskedasticity and is applicable to models with exogenous, predetermined, or endogenous regressors. The test can be implemented as soon as three observations per group are available and is applicable to unbalanced data. A test with such general applicability is not available elsewhere. We provide theoretical results on size and power under asymptotics where the number of groups grows but their size is held fixed. Extensive power comparisons with other tests available in the literature for special cases of our setup reveal that our test compares favorably. In a simulation study we find that, under heteroskedasticity, only our procedure yields a test that is both size correct and powerful. In a large data set on mothers with multiple births we find that infant birthweight is correlated across children even after controlling for mother fixed effects and a variety of prenatal care factors. This suggests that such a strategy may be inadequate to take care of all confounding factors that correlate with the mother's decision to engage in activities that are detrimental to the infant's health, such as smoking.
MiR‐1696/GPx3 axis is involved in oxidative stress mediated neutrophil extracellular traps inhibition in chicken neutrophils
Authors: Yang Zijiang , Wang Shengchen , Yin Kai , Zhang Qiaojian , Li Shu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs an important immune mechanism of neutrophils, the release of Web‐like chromatin structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can rapidly locate and capture invading pathogens, which has received sustained attention. There are still some fundamental questions surrounding established studies on the mechanism of balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent release and neutrophil antioxidant response. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) is an important antioxidant protein and has been identified can regulate the immune response. However, the effect of GPx3 on the NETs formation and microRNA in this process remain poorly understood. In the present study, we used chicken peripheral blood neutrophils treated with Phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) for 3 h as NETs formation model. The result of morphological observation showed that GPx3 inactivation compromised the release of NETs. Further analysis revealed that knockdown of GPx3 significantly disturbed oxidative balance by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes activity and increasing H2O2 content. Quantitative analysis of NETs‐related genes found that the phosphorylation level of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes (ERK, JNK, and p38) and expression of phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway genes (PI3K and AKT) were suppressed with the downregulation of GPx3. Meanwhile, we identified that miR‐1696 can target GPx3 expression by using dual luciferase reporter system. Additionally, overexpression of miR‐1696 can not only inhibit the formation of NETs by restraining the expression of GPx3, interfering with the generation of ROS and activation of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, but also reducing the release of PMA‐induced NETs promoted by overexpression of GPx3. These results provide evidence that miR‐1696 targeted GPx3 activities in neutrophils could be used to regulate the NETs formation stimulated by PMA.
Cultural settings and recommendations for small towns and villages to visit in China
Authors: Wen Xiaojing (Rachael) , White Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe contexts within which websites are created are significant in determining recommendations for places to visit. Comparison is made here between recommendations for visits to rural China made by web sites authored in that country and by sites authored in Europe. Some similarities occur, but justifications for visiting differ. China‐authored sites use cultural and historical reasons for recommendations, and are made in the context of official policies for tourist development. Europe‐authored websites emphasize the aesthetics of scenic settings and the built environment. The cultural mentalities of web authors influence the information they provide to potential tourists.
Office‐Based Procedure Training in Laryngology Fellowship Programs
Authors: Enver Necati , Ramaswamy Apoorva , Sulica Lucian , Pitman Michael J. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the current practices and challenges of training office‐based procedures to laryngology fellows in the United States.MethodsAn anonymous web‐based survey study was distributed to laryngology fellowship program directors, as listed by the American Laryngological Association. The survey was a 19‐item questionnaire with free‐text, Likert scale, and multiple‐choice answers.ResultsTwenty‐two of 27 program directors (81.4%) replied to the survey. Many programs (8/16) have three or more laryngologists and do more than 10 procedures each week (10/16). Sixty‐nine percent (11/16) of directors had not been trained for office procedures in their fellowship. The fellows are allowed to be primary surgeon on 68.75% and 75% of vocal fold augmentation and laser procedures, respectively. The expected competencies for these procedures on graduation are average‐moderate and moderate. When program directors asked about the methods used for training, a minority of them use simulators (2/16), procedural checklists (2/16), or structured debriefing (2/16). The most commonly used methods were case‐based troubleshooting (13/16) and unstructured debriefing (13/16). Patients being awake and patients' expectations are seen as the most important obstacles. Most of the directors thought office‐based procedure training could be improved (14/16). The most common suggestions were using step‐wise checklists, simulator‐labs, and formal debriefings.ConclusionThis is the first study evaluating the training of office‐based laryngeal procedures during laryngology fellowship. Given the increasing importance of these procedures in practice and the herein identified barriers and need for improvement, fellowships should investigate the use of systematic training tools to improve fellow competency with office‐based procedures. Laryngoscope, 131:2054–2058, 2021
Taxon‐specific primary production rates on coral reefs in the Florida Keys
Authors: Owen Daniel P. , Long Matthew H. , Fitt William K. , Hopkinson Brian M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoral reefs are known to have extremely high rates of primary production. However, common geochemical methods for determining bulk rates of reef metabolism cannot distinguish which organisms are responsible for primary production. Here we used a “bottom‐up” approach to estimate the contribution of diverse primary producers including hard corals, octocorals, and algae to gross primary production on coral reefs by scaling up taxon‐specific rates by the abundance of those taxa in the environment. Chamber‐based production rates of the dominant primary producers were obtained as a function of irradiance, the primary short‐term driver of photosynthesis. These rates were then combined with annotated three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions of reef sections and a simple light field model to estimate reef‐scale gross and net primary production rates over time. At a degraded reef in the Florida Keys octocorals and algae were the main producers, but at a more intact site a scleractinian coral (Acropora palmata) was the most important producer. As a validation of the approach, rates of primary production estimated using the “bottom‐up” approach were compared with in situ eddy covariance fluxes. The daily integrated rates agreed within 16%, though maximal production was ~ 35% lower in the “bottom‐up” approach likely due to under‐representation of octocorals and macroalgae in the 3D reconstructions. The “bottom up” approach yielded results that were largely consistent with the in situ measurements of primary production and irradiance with the significant benefit of providing taxon‐specific and spatially‐explicit primary production rates.
Alloyed Crystalline CdSe1‐xSxSemiconductive Nanomaterials – A Solid State113Cd NMR Study
Authors: Xing Baoyan , Ge Sai , Zhao Jianguo , Yang Hui , Song Jie , Geng Yu , Qiao Yuying , Gu Ling , Han Peide , Ma Guibin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSolid‐state NMR analysis on wurtzite alloyed CdSe1−xSxcrystalline nanoparticles and nanobelts provides evidence that the113Cd NMR chemical shift is not affected by the varying sizes of nanoparticles, but is sensitive to the S/Se anion molar ratios. A linear correlation is observed between113Cd NMR chemical shifts and the sulfur component for the alloyed CdSe1−xSx(0<x<1) system both in nanoparticles and nanobelts (δCd=169.71⋅XS+529.21). Based on this correlation, a rapid and applied approach has been developed to determine the composition of the alloyed nanoscalar materials utilizing113Cd NMR spectroscopy. The observed results from this system confirm that one can use113Cd NMR spectroscopy not only to determine the composition but also the phase separation of nanomaterial semiconductors without destruction of the sample structures. In addition, some observed correlations are discussed in detail.
Association between hospital anxiety and depression scale and problem‐related distress in patients with cancer in a Brazilian private institution
Authors: Bergerot Cristiane D. , Razavi Marianne , Philip Errol J. , Bergerot Paulo G. , Buso Marco M. , Clark Karen L. , Loscalzo Matthew , Pal Sumanta K. , Dale William 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveEmotional symptoms are frequently reported among patients with cancer. We evaluated the association between emotional symptoms and problem‐related distress in a sample of patients with cancer about to initiate chemotherapy within a private hospital in Brazil.MethodsPatients were assessed before initiating chemotherapy, treatment mid‐point, and on the last day of treatment for anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) and for problem‐related distress (Distress Thermometer Problem List). Problem‐related distress variable was computed as the sum of practical, physical, spiritual and familial problems. Mixed‐model analysis was applied to determine the association between HADS and problem‐related distress, adjusting for age and gender.ResultsA total of 655 consecutive patients were enrolled. There was a significant main effect of time (F = 8.99, p = 0.0001), showing that emotional symptoms improve over time. A significant main effect was observed for problem‐related distress (F = 371.56, p < 0.0001) revealing that patients with elevated problem‐related distress at baseline tend to have higher HADS across the three time points, compared to patients with lower problem‐related distress. There was an interaction effect between problem‐related distress and time (F = 85.22, p < 0.0001), suggesting that HADS scores decreased differently over time, depending on patients' initial level of problem‐related distress.ConclusionOverall, emotional symptoms, while decreasing over time, remained associated with problem‐related distress after chemotherapy in Brazil. The potential benefit of implementing a psychosocial intervention remains high throughout cancer treatment.
Continuous state observability and mode reconstructability of switched nonlinear systems with unknown switching function
Authors: Bejarano Francisco Javier , Mera Manuel 
Published: October 2020

SummaryFor switched nonlinear systems, the problems of continuous state observability and mode reconstructability are tackled, assuming the switching function is unknown. First, we give a condition under which the continuous state is observable and the active mode is reconstructible. Furthermore, we provide some relaxed conditions that guarantee the observability of the continuous state vector x(t); those conditions allow estimating x(t) even if the active mode cannot be reconstructed. The observability analysis is carried out by the study of an invariant manifold on which the outputs of two systems (fixing each pair of different modes) are equal. Moreover, by assuming that there is a known minimum dwell‐time, we propose a way of reconstructing the state vector and the switching function, provided the respective observability conditions are fulfilled. The reconstruction procedure involves the use of finite‐time homogeneous sliding mode differentiator. In a short section, we show how the obtained observability conditions match with the known structural ones for linear systems. Then, we see that the proposed state reconstruction scheme can also be applied to that particular class of systems. We point out that the original system is not required to be in any specific form, which may be an advantage of the estimation method proposed in this paper. By an academic example with simulations, we illustrate the analysis carried out along the paper and the respective reconstruction method.