bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of future climate and land use change on water yield in a semiarid basin in Iran
Authors: Shirmohammadi Bagher , Malekian Arash , Salajegheh Ali , Taheri Bahram , Azarnivand Hossein , Malek Ziga , Verburg Peter H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudying the interaction between hydrology, land use, and climate change is necessary to support sustainable water resources management. It is unknown how land management interventions in dry climate conditions can benefit water yield in the context of climate and land use change interactions. In this study, we assessed the effects of both land use and predicted climate change on the Mordagh Chay basin water yield using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs model. First, we modeled the current water yield, followed by developing six combined climate–land use scenarios until 2030 based on the CCSM4 climate model for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. We used three future land use scenarios simulated by the Dyna‐CLUE model. The trend scenario of land use change, which does not include any improvements in irrigation efficiency, significantly affected basin water yield under both climate scenarios. Water yield decreases by 19.8% and 31.8% for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Under all land use scenarios that included improvements in irrigation efficiency, the water yield responded positively. For the RCP4.5 scenario, the water yield was projected to increase between 16.6% and 18% depending on the land use scenario. The increase in water yield under the RCP8.5 climate scenario was much lower than for the RCP4.5 scenario (about one‐third). Overall, the results showed that by adopting appropriate irrigation efficiency, it is possible to achieve a better balance between environmental needs and regional economic and agricultural development. The results provide insight into possible sustainable development options and also provide guidance for managing the other Urmia Lake sub‐basins, whereas the approach of integrated assessment of climate, land use change, and land management options is also applicable in other conditions to help inform sustainable management.
Publishing perspectives from the British Ecological Society: Partnership, community, collaboration, and innovation
Authors: Aimé Emilie , Newton Erika L. , Hill Catherine 
Published: January 2020

Key points
The British Ecological Society (BES) is a thriving Learned Society with a successful journals portfolio, which is currently published with a commercial partner, Wiley.
Our journals operate independently and are unique but work together to form a strong portfolio by sharing ideas and best practice.
We attribute our success to being embedded in, and led by, the ecological community, which works closely with a professional team of experienced in‐house editorial staff.
These close interactions between our membership and editorial boards and in‐house staff allow us to innovate and adapt to change; we describe three projects that illustrate this.
Collaboration with those outside of the BES is an important part of our ethos, and we describe the benefits we have gained through working with others.
As part of our strategy, we are keen to embrace a more open and transparent future while continuing to provide publishing opportunities for a global audience.
In vivo diffusion‐weighted MRS using semi‐LASER in the human brain at 3 T: Methodological aspects and clinical feasibility
Authors: Genovese Guglielmo , Marjańska Małgorzata , Auerbach Edward J. , Cherif Lydia Yahia , Ronen Itamar , Lehéricy Stéphane , Branzoli Francesca 
Published: January 2020

Diffusion‐weighted (DW‐) MRS investigates non‐invasively microstructural properties of tissue by probing metabolite diffusion in vivo. Despite the growing interest in DW‐MRS for clinical applications, little has been published on the reproducibility of this technique. In this study, we explored the optimization of a single‐voxel DW‐semi‐LASER sequence for clinical applications at 3 T, and evaluated the reproducibility of the method under different experimental conditions. DW‐MRS measurements were carried out in 10 healthy participants and repeated across three sessions. Metabolite apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated from mono‐exponential fits (ADCexp) up to b = 3300 s/mm2, and from the diffusional kurtosis approach (ADCK) up to b = 7300 s/mm2. The inter‐subject variabilities of ADCs of N‐acetylaspartate + N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA), creatine + phosphocreatine, choline containing compounds, and myo‐inositol were calculated in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and in the corona radiata (CR). We explored the effect of physiological motion on the DW‐MRS signal and the importance of cardiac gating and peak thresholding to account for signal amplitude fluctuations. Additionally, we investigated the dependence of the intra‐subject variability on the acquisition scheme using a bootstrapping resampling method. Coefficients of variation were lower in PCC than CR, likely due to the different sensitivities to motion artifacts of the two regions. Finally, we computed coefficients of repeatability for ADCexp and performed power calculations needed for designing clinical studies. The power calculation for ADCexp of tNAA showed that in the PCC seven subjects per group are sufficient to detect a difference of 5% between two groups with an acquisition time of 4 min, suggesting that ADCexp of tNAA is a suitable marker for disease‐related intracellular alteration even in small case–control studies. In the CR, further work is needed to evaluate the voxel size and location that minimize the motion artifacts and variability of the ADC measurements.
The Fascinating Chemistry of α‐Haloamides
Authors: Fantinati Anna , Zanirato Vinicio , Marchetti Paolo , Trapella Claudio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this review is to highlight the rich chemistry of α‐haloamides originally mainly used to discover new C−N, C−O and C−S bond forming reactions, and later widely employed in C−C cross‐coupling reactions with C(sp3), C(sp2) and C(sp) coupling partners. Radical‐mediated transformations of α‐haloamides bearing a suitable located unsaturated bond has proven to be a straightforward alternative to access diverse cyclic compounds by means of either radical initiators, transition metal redox catalysis or visible light photoredox catalysis. On the other hand, cycloadditions with α‐halohydroxamate‐based azaoxyallyl cations have garnered significant attention. Moreover, in view of the important role in life and materials science of difluoroalkylated compounds, a wide range of catalysts has been developed for the efficient incorporation of difluoroacetamido moieties into activated as well as unactivated substrates.
Relationships between metabolic markers and obesity measures in two populations that differ in stature—The SAMINOR Study
Authors: Michalsen Vilde L. , Braaten Tonje , Kvaløy Kirsti , Melhus Marita , Broderstad Ann R. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe relationships between metabolic markers and obesity measures may differ by ethnicity, sex, and height. Questions have been posed whether these relationships differ by ethnicity in the population in Northern Norway, but this has not been explored yet.ObjectivesInvestigate the relationships between metabolic markers and obesity measures in Sami and non‐Sami and explore the impact of stature.MethodsIn total, 13 921 men and women aged 30 and 36 to 79 years (22.0% Sami) from a population‐based cross‐sectional survey in Norway, the SAMINOR 1 Survey (2003‐2004, 57.2% attendance), were included. Relationships between triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP), metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus as outcomes, and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), respectively, were modelled using fractional polynomial regression. Appropriate interaction analyses and adjustments were made.ResultsThe non‐Sami were approximately 6 cm taller than the Sami. No interactions were found between ethnicity and obesity. At the same levels of WC, BMI, or WHtR, levels of lipids and BP differed marginally between Sami and non‐Sami, but these were eliminated by height adjustment, with one exception: At any given WC, BMI, or WHtR, Sami had approximately 1.4 mmHg (95% CI, −2.1 to −0.7) lower systolic BP than non‐Sami (P values < .001).ConclusionsHeight explained the marginal ethnic differences in metabolic markers at the same level of obesity, except for systolic BP, which was lower in Sami than in non‐Sami at any given BMI, WC, or WHtR.
High performance multi‐functional cyanate ester oligomer‐based network and epoxy‐POSS containing nanocomposites: Structure, dynamics, and properties
Authors: Bershtein Vladimir , Fainleib Alexander , Yakushev Pavel , Kirilenko Demid , Egorova Larisa , Grigoryeva Olga , Ryzhov Valery , Starostenko Olga 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this research was the detailed analysis and estimation of CER oligomer‐based nanocomposites for applications under extreme high temperature conditions. Thermostable nanocomposites based on cross‐linked cyanate ester resin (CER), derived from PRIMASET PT‐30 multi‐functional oligomer and doped by 0.025wt% to 10wt% epoxycyclohexyl‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (ECH‐POSS) nanoparticles, were synthesized and characterized using TEM, mid‐, and far‐IR spectroscopy, and by DMA, DSC, CRS, and TGA techniques. At nanoparticles contents less than 1wt%, basically their molecular level dispersion in the matrix is suggested, whereas their clusters of about 20 to 30 nm in diameter were observed at 2wt% and 10wt% ECH‐POSS. In correlation with the results of structural analysis, the ambivalent influence of the nanoparticles, depending on their content, on the dynamics and properties of nanocomposites was revealed. The “constrained dynamics” effects caused by post‐curing and covalent embedding ECH‐POSS units into the matrix were registered by DMA, far‐IR spectroscopy and CRS. Highly cooperative glass transition with Tg ≈ 400°C (DMA, 1 Hz) was observed, and at the limit total suppression of glass transition could be achieved. The obvious superiority of the studied nanocomposites over the CER nanocomposites synthesized from monomeric dicyanate ester of bisphenols, especially at high temperatures, was shown.
Simulating spray droplet impaction outcomes: comparison with experimental data
Authors: Zabkiewicz Jerzy A , Pethiyagoda Ravindra , Forster W Alison , van Leeuwen Rebecca , Moroney Timothy J , McCue Scott W 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA suite of plant retention spray models has been developed to simulate spray retention using virtual surfaces (either single leaves or whole plants) and their outputs compared with experimental data for the equivalent spray scenarios.RESULTSThe results for a single formulation (0.1% v/v lecithin mixture in water) and difficult to wet plant species Chenopodium album L (common lambsquarters) are presented. They include experimental observations with single leaves, as well as simulations of virtual impaction events, conducted to provide for the first time estimates of f (the proportion of theoretical impact drop diameter at shatter). With this factor prescribed, multi‐plant simulations using a range of nozzle types and droplet sizes (volume mean diameter (VMD) range 241 to 530 μm) are compared with equivalent experimentally determined spray retention by real plants. The simulations demonstrated that impaction resulted predominantly in shatter with the production of daughter droplets, and that retention is mainly due to re‐capture of these droplets. Overall the simulations show the same trends as experimental retention results from different nozzle applications, but at best predicted retention results were 68% to 79% of experimental percentage retention, depending on plant spacing.CONCLUSIONSRetention is the result of some primary drop capture but predominantly by recapture of shatter droplets as the modelling illustrates. The value of f affects the droplet shatter outcome and can result in fewer, more energetic daughter droplets, or more droplets but with lower energies. However, this effect alone cannot explain the discrepancy between actual and simulated results. Possible operational influences are discussed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid Combustion Synthesis of Metal Oxides Species Highly Dispersed on Layered Silicate Magadiite
Authors: Jing Xuyang , Zhang Yifu , Wang Qiushi , Cheng Yan , Meng Changgong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe good dispersion of metal oxides (MOs) with ultra‐small particles on host materials is essential for improving the utilization efficiency and increasing the service life. Herein, a novel strategy is developed as a methodology to synthesize MOs species highly dispersed on layered silicate magadiite by a rapid combustion method within 30 s. The speediness of the combustion process can avoid the agglomeration of MOs and well‐defined layered structure can further restrict the growth of nanoparticles. Thus, the lamellar structure of magadiite is well‐kept and MOs species with the particle size less than 5 nm immerse on the lamellar platelets. The results demonstrate this process can be considered as a methodology to synthesize different MOs species highly dispersed on various host materials for high efficiency applications.
Effect of pH on the Conductivity of Basidiomycetes DNAs Integrated Within Schottky‐Like Junctions
Authors: Rizan Nastaran , Shin Tan Yee , Tajuddin Hairul Anuar , Gnana kumar Georgepeter , Periasamy Vengadesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been studied extensively for its unique self‐assembling behavior for applications in the field of molecular electronics. The study of sequence‐specific electronic properties of DNA is one such study which could potentially be utilized as a platform to understand its charge transfer mechanism useful for integration into DNA‐based electronics. However, DNA charge transfer are significantly regulated by various environmental factors, such as pH fluctuations which influences the stability of the double helix structure and strongly attenuates its’ electronic profile. Extreme pH conditions lead to aggravated structural and chemical changes leading to DNA damage, which could have profound biological consequences. In this work, pH influence on basidiomycetes DNAs integrated within an aluminium (Al)‐indium tin oxide (ITO) Schottky junction was investigated. In general, the junction structure exhibited Ohmic behaviour at high acidic (pH 1 to 2) and basic (pH 13 to 14) environments, while behaving as a semiconductive Schottky‐like junction at intermediate pH values. Furthermore, various solid‐state parameters calculated for the DNA enable the gathering of information towards understanding the charge transfer mechanism in DNA molecules as a function of pH conditions, which could act as a potential indicator for various stages of DNA functionality.
Superbase‐Promoted N‐α‐sp3C‐H Functionalization of Tertiary Enaminones: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles
Authors: Xu Limei , Wu Longqiao , Chen Ting , Xu Shuang , Huang Chuiting , Wang Yanyun , You Qihua , Shen Jinhai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn efficient superbase‐promoted N‐α‐sp3C−H functionalization of tertiary enaminones for the regiospecific synthesis of structurally diversified pyrroles under mild conditions has been exploited. The developed methodology led to a wide panel of pyrroles with broad substrate scope in an atom‐economy manner. Various substituted pyrroles are provided in up to 94% yield for 36 examples.
Electrochemical Synthesis of β‐Ketonitriles from Aryl Methyl Ketones
Authors: Yavari Issa , Shaabanzadeh Sina , Sheikhi Sara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA synthesis of β‐ketonitriles by cyanation of aryl methyl ketones with two completely distinct sources of cyanide, namely Me3SiCN and KCN, under metal‐ and oxidant‐free electrochemical anodic oxidation conditions is described. In this approach, a range of β‐ketonitriles can be obtained in good yields. This conversion is facilitated by I2, generated in situ from electrochemical oxidation of iodide ion to afford the β‐ketonitriles. This environmentally benign method is more convenient and practical compared to previous approaches.
A New Fluorescent Probe for Selective Detection of Endogenous Cysteine and Live Cell Imaging
Authors: Dang Yecheng , Chen Li , Yuan Li , Li Junbo , Chen Dugang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe detection of biothiols has attracted extensive interest owing to their vital importance in maintaining bioprocesses. Here, we reported a fluorescent probe MANK with facile preparation and excellent water solubility, which can effectively distinguish Cys from its two analogues glutathione (GSH) and homocysteine (Hcy) with a large “turn‐on” fluorescent signal of more than 40‐fold enhancement. Importantly, during the selective detection of Cys, the large concentration differences of three biothiols in living cells had been taken into account. The maleyl group in MANK acted both as a recognition site and fluorescence quenching group. And in the presence of Cys, the thiol group of Cys reacted with maleyl group of MANK by nucleophilic addition and the resulting adduct restored fluorescence emission with a high fluorescent quantum yield of 0.40 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Finally, it was successfully utilized to map the endogenous Cys in living cells by confocal microscopy.
Design, Synthesis and Efficacy of Hybrid Triclosan‐gold Based Molecules on Artemisinin‐resistant Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania infantum Parasites
Authors: Ouji Manel , Delmas Sandra Bourgeade , Álvarez Álvaro Fernández , Augereau Jean‐Michel , Valentin Alexis , Hemmert Catherine , Gornitzka Heinz , Benoit‐Vical Françoise 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe emergence of resistant parasites, Plasmodium and Leishmania, responsible of malaria and leishmaniasis diseases, to the currently available drugs, remains one of the major threats to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new molecules. Several hybrid molecules combining triclosan and gold(I) complexes have been synthesized and evaluated, in vitro, for their activities on P. falciparum and L. infantum parasites. The obtained results showed a good activity of the compounds. However, the cytotoxicity assays suggest a structure modulation to improve the selectivity. The synthesized molecules were also tested in a context of Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin‐resistance and the results showed no cross‐resistance induced between one gold(I) complex and artemisinin. This highlights that these compounds appear as a strong basis for further pharmacomodulation work to propose molecules targeting resistant parasites.
Formation of Hollow Co‐Ni‐S Nanowedges Arrays via Sulfidation‐etch of ZIF‐L for Advanced Hybrid Supercapacitor
Authors: Sun Jing , Yao Jing , Liu Ying , Lin Shuangyan , Xu Zhikun , Li Lin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSelf‐supported hollow nanoarrays with rich active sites hold great promise as binder‐free electrode for supercapacitors. In this work, the hollow Co‐Ni−S nanowedge arrays (NWAs) have been fabricated on Ni foam (NF) substrate through a facile sulfidation and etch of ZIF−L‐Co NWAs/NF. Structural evolution upon solvothermal time indicates that the formation of hollow Co‐Ni−S NWAs is mainly due to the etch of defect‐rich interior of solid ZIF−L‐Co NWAs. The unique hollow nanowedge structural and compositional advantages ensure the hollow Co‐Ni−S NWAs excellent electrochemical properties with areal capacity of 0.286 mA h cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2, and 78% capacity retention after 2000 cycles. Moreover, the hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) of Co‐Ni−S // AC has been assembled, which illustrates good application performance. The results indicate that the Co‐Ni−S NWAs/NF is a promising binder‐free electrode for high‐performance hybrid supercapacitors.
Using mutants to help developers distinguish and debug (compiler) faults
Authors: Holmes Josie , Groce Alex 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMeasuring the distance between two program executions is a fundamental problem in dynamic analysis of software and useful in many test generation and debugging algorithms. This paper proposes a metric for measuring distance between executions and specializes it to an important application: determining similarity of failing test cases for the purpose of automated fault identification and localization in debugging based on automatically generated compiler tests. The metric is based on a causal concept of distance where executions are similar to the degree that changes in the program itself, introduced by mutation, cause similar changes in the correctness of the executions. Specifically, if two failing test cases for a compiler can be made to pass by applying the same mutant, those two tests are more likely to be due to the same fault. We evaluate our metric using more than 50 faults and 2,800 test cases for two widely used real‐world compilers and demonstrate improvements over state‐of‐the‐art methods for fault identification and localization. A simple operator selection approach to reducing the number of mutants can reduce the cost of our approach by 70%, while producing a gain in fault identification accuracy. We additionally show that our approach, although devised for compilers, is applicable as a conservative fault localization algorithm for other types of programs and can help triage certain types of crashes found in fuzzing non‐compiler programs more effectively than a state‐of‐the‐art technique.
Density‐Dependence Mediates the Effects of Temperature on Growth of Juvenile Blue Catfish in Nonnative Habitats
Authors: Nepal Vaskar , Fabrizio Mary C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe combined effects of conspecific density and climate warming on the vital rates of invasive fish species have not been well studied, but may be important in predicting how successful they will be in the future. We evaluated the effects of temperature and population density on monthly time series of sizes of age‐0 Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus in the James, York, and Rappahannock River subestuaries (defined here as tidally influenced bodies of water that feed into the Chesapeake Bay) from 1996 to 2017, using growing degree‐days (GDDs, °C day) as a measure of thermal time. Our predictive linear mixed‐effects model explained 86% of the variation in the length of age‐0 Blue Catfish. In addition, it indicated a strong positive effect of temperature on the growth rate of age‐0 Blue Catfish, with individual fish biomass during warm years up to 63% higher than during cool years. Growth rate was influenced negatively by the abundance of age‐0 and older fish, resulting in at least fourfold differences in the predicted biomass of Blue Catfish by the end of the first year of life depending on conspecific density. We also observed regional differences in the growth rates of Blue Catfish in the three subestuaries we examined; although growth occurred in all subestuaries, growth was highest for the Rappahannock River population even though this river accumulated the fewest GDDs. Rising water temperatures due to global climate change will likely increase the growth rate of age‐0 Blue Catfish in the Chesapeake Bay region, potentially intensifying the negative impacts of this invasive species on the ecology of Chesapeake Bay. However, individual populations respond differently to warming temperatures, and thus, potential increases in the growth rate of age‐0 Blue Catfish may be partially offset by local conditions that may serve to limit growth.