bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mn doping on the microstructure and magnetic properties of CuFeO2 ceramics
Authors: Ye Fengjiao , Dai Haiyang , Peng Ke , Li Tao , Chen Jing , Chen Zhenping , Li Nannan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effects of Mn doping on the microstructure and magnetic properties of CuFeO2 systems were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a physical property measurement method. The microstructure measurements demonstrated that the substitution of Mn for Fe can cause lattice distortion, promote grain growth, and change the valence state of Fe and Mn ions. Ceramic samples with doping content x = 0.00−0.03 exhibited two successive magnetic transition temperature (TN) at TN1 ≈ 14 K and TN2 ≈ 10 K. TN decreased gradually with the Mn4+ content, and TN2 was not observed in the x > 0.05 samples within a temperature range of T = 5−300 K. Magnetic hysteresis loops revealed that only anti-ferromagnetic behavior occurred in the low-doped samples (x = 0.00−0.03), and the coexistence of ferromagnetism and anti-ferromagnetism was observed in the high-doped samples (x = 0.05−0.10). Besides, the x = 0.10 sample had a maximum magnetization of 5.98 emu/g. This study provides basic experimental data for investigating the relationship between the microstructure and magnetic properties of CuFeO2 systems.
Effect of friction on the contact stress of a coated polymer gear
Authors: Bae Su-Min , Seo Kuk-Jin , Kim Dae-Eun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolymer gears are used extensively in various applications. However, durability issues have been emerging because of friction at gear tooth contact areas. To extend the lifetime of polymer gears, a low-frictional coating has been considered as a possible strategy. In this study, a finite element simulation method was performed to investigate the contact stress between a pair of coated polymer gears. The simulation included various friction coefficients (COFs) for studying the effects of friction during the operation. Numerical results revealed that the friction causes the contact stress to shift over the roll angle, which is attributed to the direction of the sliding friction based on a free-body diagram. We also investigated the effects of coating and found that a thin coating has little effect on the bulk deformation behavior of the gear. Moreover, the stress distribution in the coating at the pitch point was investigated as the COF increased. Under zero friction, three notable stress regions were observed: 1) the center of the surface, 2) the end of the contact, and 3) the overall contact area. As COF was increased in the micro-slip region of the contact interface, both tensile and compressive stresses in the coating increased. This study provides significant aid to engineers for understanding the stress response of the coating applied to polymer gears to achieve an optimal design.
Sleep Apnea and the Kidney
Authors: Marrone Oreste , Bonsignore Maria Rosaria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere are some uncertainties about the interactions between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We critically reviewed recent studies on this topic with a focus on experimental and clinical evidence of bidirectional influences between OSA and CKD, as well as the effects of treatment of either disease.Recent FindingsExperimental intermittent hypoxia endangers the kidneys, possibly through activation of inflammatory pathways and increased blood pressure. In humans, severe OSA can independently decrease kidney function. Treatment of OSA by CPAP tends to blunt kidney function decline over time, although its effect may vary. OSA may increase cardiovascular complications and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), while it seems of little harm after renal transplantation. Excessive fluid removal may explain some of the improvements in OSA severity in ESRD and after transplantation.SummarySevere OSA and CKD do interact negatively, mainly through hypoxia and fluid retention. The moderate mutually interactive benefits that treatment of each disease exerts on the other one warrant further studies to improve patient management.
Double ring bending tests on heat pretreated soda–lime silicate glass
Authors: Schwind Gregor , von Blücher Fabian , Drass Michael , Schneider Jens 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe strength of glass plays an important role in the dimensioning of glass components in the building industry. Here, not only parameters such as support conditions, loading rate, relative humidity etc. play an important role, but the damage by means of scratches also determines the fracture strength of glass. A heat treatment after damaging may have an influence on the resulting glass strength. The correlation between heat treatment temperature, and in particular elevated temperatures up to the glass transition temperature, and fracture stress has been studied by different researchers with several approaches of pre-treatment of specimens and test setups. This paper methodically presents various preliminary investigations which were carried out within the framework of the pre-treatment of the samples in order to investigate the influence of heat treatment of the pre-damaged samples on the fracture stress. For this purpose, double ring bending tests were performed at room temperature on pre-damaged, heat-treated soda–lime silicate glass specimens. The aim of the investigations is to obtain estimates of the extent to which a heat treatment prior to the strength test influences the fracture strength of soda–lime silicate glass. Parameters like the heat treatment temperature, the dwell time of the samples inside the furnace and the furnace design were considered. The results show that the heat treatment can increase the fracture stress of soda–lime silicate glass as float glass significant due to an assumed healing of the pre-damage during heat treatment.
Development of a process chain for the production of high-performance 100% metal spun yarns based on planed metal staple fibres
Authors: Schmidt Erik , Hasan Mir Mohammad Badrul , Abdkader Anwar , Cherif Chokri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe high potential of metal fibres for various technical applications including filtration, electrical, heat and cut resistance or composite applications is still not fully exploited due to their high production costs. This paper presents the development of a new process chain for spinning 100% metal spun yarns from planed metal staple fibres as an alternative to conventional metal fibres. The developed spinning process chain begins with a stretch breaking process to create metal staple fibre sliver with a narrow fibre length distribution and defined mean fibre length. Next, a drafting process on a draw frame is performed in order to produce highly uniform metal staple fibre sliver. This is the basis for the development of a flyer spinning process to realise high-performance metal spun yarn. Finally, the fundamental relationships between fibre properties, processing characteristics, semi-finished product properties and the performance of the resulting metal spun yarns are described in detail.
Time series forecasting of agricultural product prices based on recurrent neural networks and its evaluation method
Authors: Kurumatani Koichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a time series forecasting method for the future prices of agricultural products and present the criteria by which forecasted future time series are evaluated in the context of statistical characteristics. Time series forecasting of agricultural products has the basic importance in maintaining the sustainability of agricultural production. The prices of agricultural products show seasonality in their time series, and conventional methods such as the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA or the Box Jenkins method) have tried to exploit this feature for forecasting. We expect that recurrent neural networks, representing the latest machine learning technology, can forecast future time series better than conventional methods. The measures used in evaluating the forecasted results are also of importance. In literature, the accuracy determined by the error rate at a specific time point in the future, is widely used for evaluation. We predict that, in addition to the error rate, the criterion for conservation of the statistical characteristics of the probability distribution function from the original past time series to the future time series in the forecasted future is also important. This is because some time series have a non-Gaussian probability distribution (such as the Lévy stable distribution) as a characteristic of the target system; for example, market prices on typical days change slightly, however on certain occasions, change dramatically. We implemented two methods for time series forecasting based on recurrent neutral network (RNN), one of which is called time-alignment of time point forecast (TATP), and another one is called direct future time series forecast (DFTS). They were evaluated using the two aforementioned criteria consisting of the accuracy and the conservation of the statistical characteristics of the probability distribution function. We found that after intensive training, TATP of LTSM shows superior performance in not only accuracy, but also the conservation compared to TATP of other RNNs. In DFTS, DFTS of LSTM cannot show the best performance in accuracy in RMS sense, but it shows superior performance in other criteria. The results suggest that the selection of forecasting methods depends on the evaluation criteria and that combinations of forecasting methods is useful based on the application. The advantage of our method is that the required length of time series for training is enough short, namely, we can forecast the whole cycle of future time series after training with even less than the half of the cycle, and it can be applied to the field where enough numbers of continuous data are not available.
Challenges to implementing the urban ecosystem service concept in green infrastructure planning: a view from practitioners in Swedish municipalities
Authors: Hagemann Frederik Aagaard , Randrup Thomas B. , Sang Åsa Ode 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn building a sustainable society, numerous ecosystem services have shown to play important roles for the benefit of urban residents. The distinct concept of Urban Ecosystem Services (UES) to accentuate and enhance the value of urban ecosystems has been proposed, primarily in research, with implementation in practice still at an early stage. This study examined challenges to future implementation of the UES concept in municipal planning and management of urban green spaces. Based on interviews in six Swedish municipalities, we identified four overall discourses challenging implementation of UES in municipal practice. These included (i) a need to prioritize UES in municipal planning in order to address the contemporary challenges of e.g., urbanization and biodiversity loss. This in turn creates (ii) a need for increased holistic thinking within the municipal organization, based on (iii) further documentation and standards, which should help (iv) initiate organizational transition and cross-sectorial approaches. These discourses provide interrelated challenges that could also act as opportunities for scientists and practitioners collaborations to advance integration of UES into planning and management, thereby increasing the sustainability of urban environments. This work provides a starting point for introduction of the UES concept into municipal planning.
Use of the Posterior Lumbar Approach for Psoas Major Injection in Hip Flexor Spasticity
Authors: Duong Allen , Sharma Satyendra , Agur Anne A.M. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Hip flexor spasticity in patients with upper motor neuron syndrome of multiple etiologies has been managed with botulinum neurotoxin injections mainly targeting the “iliopsoas” muscle. A lumbar approach to target psoas major (PM) has been described; however, it has not been incorporated into clinical practice due to perceived risk of injury to surrounding structures. This study will investigate the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasound-guided (UG)-PM injection using a lumbar approach by assessing the intra/extramuscular injectate spread in cadaveric specimens.Methods:In eight lightly embalmed specimens, toluidine blue dye/saline was injected into PM using a UG-posterior lumbar approach. The posterior abdominal wall was exposed, and dye spread and surrounding structures digitized and modeled in 3D. The area and vertebral level of dye spread, distance of dye to the inferior vena cava (IVC), and abdominal aorta (AA) and dye spread to adjacent organs were quantified.Results:The models enabled visualization of the dye spread in 3D. Mean area of dye spread was 24.4 ± 2.8 cm2; most commonly between L2 and L4 vertebral levels. Mean distance of the dye to AA was 3.2 ± 1.2 cm and to IVC was 1.8 ± 0.4 cm. Dye spread remained intramuscular in all but one specimen. No dye spread occurred to any adjacent organs.Conclusions:The injection of PM using the UG-posterior lumbar approach was consistent and without spread to surrounding structures. This technique alone or in addition to the anterior approach is expected to have better clinical outcomes in the treatment of hip flexor spasticity. Further clinical studies are required.
Facing the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: What Should Obstetricians and Gynecologists Do?
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Hu Yuanjing , Zhu Yingjun , Chen Xu 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAn outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. In this major outbreak, women are a special group, especially pregnant patients. Many problems faced by clinicians are still unclear and need to be solved. As the largest obstetrics and gynecology hospital in North China, here we summarize the diagnosis and treatment process and key points of obstetrics and gynecology patients in our hospital during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, hoping to provide available information to inform care of obstetrics and gynecology patients.
Stranger Months: How SARS-CoV-2, Fear of Contagion, and Lockdown Measures Impacted Attendance and Clinical Activity During February and March 2020 at an Urban Emergency Department in Milan
Authors: Franchini Stefano , Spessot Marzia , Landoni Giovanni , Piani Cecilia , Cappelletti Chiara , Mariani Federica , Mauri Simona , Taglietti Maria Vittoria , Fortunato Manuela , Furlan Federico , Guglielmi Barbara , Setti Eleonora , Di Napoli Davide , Borghi Giovanni , Pascucci Federico , Ujlaki-Formenti George , Sannicandro Riccardo , Moro Matteo , Colombo Sergio , Dagna Lorenzo , Castagna Antonella , Tresoldi Moreno , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Ambrosio Alberto , Ciceri Fabio , Zangrillo Alberto , Carlucci Michele , Faccincani Roberto 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:An unprecedented wave of patients with acute respiratory failure due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) hit emergency departments (EDs) in Lombardy, starting in the second half of February 2020. This study describes the direct and indirect impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on an urban major-hospital ED.Methods:Data regarding all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 presenting from February 1 to March 31, 2020, were prospectively collected, while data regarding non-COVID patients presenting within the same period in 2019 were retrospectively retrieved.Results:ED attendance dropped by 37% in 2020. Two-thirds of this reduction occurred early after the identification of the first autochthonous COVID-19 case in Lombardy, before lockdown measures were enforced. Hospital admissions of non-COVID patients fell by 26%. During the peak of COVID-19 attendance, the ED faced an extraordinary increase in: patients needing oxygen (+239%) or noninvasive ventilation (+725%), transfers to the intensive care unit (+57%), and in-hospital mortality (+309%), compared with the same period in 2019.Conclusions:The COVID-19 outbreak determined an unprecedented upsurge in respiratory failure cases and mortality. Fear of contagion triggered a spontaneous, marked reduction of ED attendance, and, presumably, some as yet unknown quantity of missed or delayed diagnoses for conditions other than COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 Viral and Serological Testing When College Campuses Reopen: Some Practical Considerations
Authors: Fung Isaac Chun-Hai , Cheung Chi-Ngai , Handel Andreas 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted universities across the United States to close campuses in Spring 2020. Universities are deliberating whether, when, and how they should resume in-person instruction in Fall 2020. In this essay, we discuss some practical considerations for the use of 2 potentially useful control strategies based on testing: (1) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing followed by case-patient isolation and quarantine of close contacts, and (2) serological testing followed by an “immune shield” approach, that is, low social distancing requirements for seropositive persons. The isolation of case-patients and quarantine of close contacts may be especially challenging, and perhaps prohibitively difficult, on many university campuses. The “immune shield” strategy might be hobbled by a low positive predictive value of the tests used in populations with low seroprevalence. Both strategies carry logistical, ethical, and financial implications. The main nonpharmaceutical interventions will remain methods based on social distancing (eg, capping class size) and personal protective behaviors (eg, universal facemask wearing in public space) until vaccines become available, or unless the issues discussed herein can be resolved in such a way that using mass testing as main control strategies becomes viable.
COVID-19 and Mass Fatality Management: A Public Health Challenge
Authors: Kumar Anant , Nayar K. Rajasekharan 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed a serious question over preparedness to deal with mass fatality. The current trend shows that there would be more bodies than the capacity and resources to handle them. The international agencies have alerted governments that the number of deaths may overwhelm the local capacity to handle dead bodies properly. Mass fatality management and planning are important to respecting the dignity of the deceased and surviving family. Inadequate capacity to deal with dead bodies may affect the psychological well-being of survivors which may result in distress to families and community.
QIAN 謙 IN EARLY CHINESE THOUGHT
Authors: Kim Doil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQian xun 謙遜 in modern Chinese is usually translated as “modesty” in English. In this paper, I examine the arguably earliest version of it in early Chinese thought, qian 謙. I first extract its basic features from the qian hexagram 謙卦 in the Yi jing 易經 and identify very similar features in other texts, such as the Dao de jing 道德經, the Xunzi 荀子, and the Lüshi chunqiu 呂氏春秋. On the basis of this textual comparison, then, I reconstruct the idea of qian in a way that captures what underlies the relevant passages in all of the aforementioned texts. Finally, I understand the qian person to be someone who is disposed not to present himself in a better light than the other person in social interactions but to treat the other person as better by highlighting some aspect of the other person. I ultimately argue that this idea of qian was shared widely among early Chinese thinkers regardless of later historical divisions of different schools of thought.
INTRODUCING THE *WU ZE YOU XING TU MANUSCRIPT FROM MAWANGDUI
Authors: Waring Luke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe *Wu ze you xing tu 物則有形圖 silk manuscript was discovered inside a lacquer case in Mawangdui Tomb 3. This little-known manuscript of unusual design contains a philosophical text on the relationships between things (wu 物), forms (xing 形), names (ming 名), and speech (yan 言), and the text is arranged on the surface of the silk in the form of a densely clustered spiral within a ring inside a square. The writing on the manuscript is also accompanied by colors and shapes that represent a domed Heaven (tian 天) above a square Earth (di 地). Since it was first catalogued in 2004, just a few studies of the *Wu ze you xing tu have been published in Chinese, and the manuscript is almost entirely absent from Western scholarship. This article aims to remedy this situation by providing a detailed description of the manuscript, transcriptions and translations of its contents, a consideration of its philosophical context, and an analysis of its design. In the process, I show that this silk document functioned not just as a convenient surface or carrier for an important philosophical text, but as a material artifact in its own right, one that was designed to have a powerful impact on its viewers, readers, and users, forcing them to move their eyes and bodies in ways that reinforced its central philosophical message.
Multi-criteria assessment of pea protein quality in rats: a comparison between casein, gluten and pea protein alone or supplemented with methionine
Authors: Guillin Florence M. , Gaudichon Claire , Guérin-Deremaux Laetitia , Lefranc-Millot Catherine , Azzout-Marniche Dalila , Khodorova Nadezda , Calvez Juliane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the nutritional quality of pea protein isolate in rats and to evaluate the impact of methionine (Met) supplementation. Several protein diets were studied: pea protein, casein, gluten, pea protein–gluten combination and pea protein supplemented with Met. Study 1: Young male Wistar rats (n 8/group) were fed the test diets ad libitum for 28 d. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was measured. Study 2: Adult male Wistar rats (n 9/group) were fed the test diets for 10 d. A protein-free diet group was used to determine endogenous losses of N. The rats were placed in metabolism cages for 3 d to assess N balance, true faecal N digestibility and to calculate the Protein Digestible-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS). They were then given a calibrated meal and euthanised 6 h later for collection of digestive contents. The true caecal amino acid (AA) digestibility was determined, and the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) was calculated. Met supplementation increased the PER of pea protein (2·52 v. 1·14, P < 0·001) up to the PER of casein (2·55). Mean true caecal AA digestibility was 94 % for pea protein. The DIAAS was 0·88 for pea protein and 1·10 with Met supplementation, 1·29 for casein and 0·25 for gluten. Pea protein was highly digestible in rats under our experimental conditions, and Met supplementation enabled generation of a mixture that had a protein quality that was not different from that of casein.