bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trait impulsivity in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Authors: Shakeshaft Amy , Panjwani Naim , McDowall Robert , Crudgington Holly , Peña Ceballos Javier , Andrade Danielle M. , Beier Christoph P. , Fong Choong Yi , Gesche Joanna , Greenberg David A. , Hamandi Khalid , Koht Jeanette , Lim Kheng Seang , Orsini Alessandro , Rees Mark I. , Rubboli Guido , Selmer Kaja K. , Smith Anna B. , Striano Pasquale , Syvertsen Marte , Talvik Inga , Thomas Rhys H. , Zarubova Jana , Richardson Mark P. , Strug Lisa J. , Pal Deb K. ,   the BIOJUME Consortium
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveImpulsivity is a multidimensional construct that can predispose to psychopathology. Meta‐analysis demonstrates an association between response impulsivity and Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME), a common genetic generalized epilepsy. Here, we test the hypotheses that trait impulsivity is (i) elevated in JME compared to controls; (ii) moderated by specific seizure characteristics; and (iii) associated with psychiatric adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).Methods322 participants with JME and 126 age and gender‐matched controls completed the Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐brief) alongside information on seizure history and AED use. We compared group BIS‐brief scores and assessed associations of JME BIS‐brief scores with seizure characteristics and AED adverse effects.ResultsThe mean BIS‐brief score in JME was 18.1 ± 4.4 compared with 16.2 ± 4.1 in controls (P = 0.0007). Elevated impulsivity was associated with male gender (P = 0.027), frequent absence seizures (P = 0.0004) and lack of morning predominance of myoclonus (P = 0.008). High impulsivity significantly increased the odds of a psychiatric adverse event on levetiracetam (P = 0.036), but not any other psychiatric or somatic adverse effects.InterpretationTrait impulsivity is elevated in JME and comparable to scores in personality and neurotic disorders. Increased seizure frequency and absence of circadian seizure pattern moderate BIS score, suggesting disruption of both cortico‐striatal and thalamocortical networks as a shared mechanism between seizures and impulsivity in JME. These findings warrant consideration of impulsivity as a distinct target of intervention, and as a stratifying factor for AED treatment in JME, and perhaps other types of epilepsy. The role of impulsivity in treatment adherence and psychosocial outcome requires further investigation.
Surrogate Model via Artificial Intelligence Method for Accelerating Screening Materials and Performance Prediction
Authors: Wang Tian , Shao Mingqi , Guo Rong , Tao Fei , Zhang Gang , Snoussi Hichem , Tang Xingling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPredicting the performance of mechanical properties is an important and current issue in the field of engineering and materials science, but traditional experiments and modeling calculations often consume large amounts of time and resources. Therefore, it is imperative to use appropriate methods to accelerate the process of material selection and design. The artificial intelligence method, particularly deep learning models, has been verified as an effective and efficient method for handling computer vision and neural language problems. In this paper, a deep learning surrogate model (DLS) is proposed for predicting the mechanical performance of materials, that is, the maximum stress value under complex working conditions. The DLS can reproduce the finite element analysis model results with 98.79% accuracy. The results show that deep learning has great potential. This research also provides a new approach for material screening in practical engineering.
Degenerately Doped Semi‐Crystalline Polymers for High Performance Thermoelectrics
Authors: Lee Yeran , Park Juhyung , Son Jaehoon , Woo Han Young , Kwak Jeonghun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) energy conversion in conjugated polymers is considered a promising approach for low‐energy harvesting and self‐powered temperature sensing. To enhance the TE performance, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the Seebeck coefficient (α) and electrical conductivity (σ). Typical doped polymers exhibit α–σ relationship that is distinct from that of inorganic materials due to their large structural and energetic disorder, which prevents them from achieving the maximum TE power factor (PF = α2σ). Here, an ideal α–σ relationship in the Kang–Snyder model following a transport parameter s = 1 is demonstrated with two degenerately doped semi‐crystalline polymers, poly[(4,4′‐(bis(hexyldecylsulfanyl)methylene)cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PCPDTSBT) and poly[(2,5‐bis(2‐hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)‐alt‐(5,6‐difluoro‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDT2FBT) using a sequential doping method. The results allow the realization of the PFs reaching theoretic maxima (i.e., 112.01 µW m−1 K−2 for PPDT2FBT and 49.80 µW m−1 K−2 for PCPDTSBT) and close to metallic behavior in heavily doped films. Additionally, it is shown that the PF maxima appear when the doping state switches from non‐degenerate to degenerate. Strategies towards an optimal α–σ relationship enable optimization of the PF and provide an understanding of the charge transport of doped polymers.
Nanocellulose: Recent Fundamental Advances and Emerging Biological and Biomimicking Applications
Authors: Heise Katja , Kontturi Eero , Allahverdiyeva Yagut , Tammelin Tekla , Linder Markus B. , Nonappa  , Ikkala Olli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the effort toward sustainable advanced functional materials, nanocelluloses have attracted extensive recent attention. Nanocelluloses range from rod‐like highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals to longer and more entangled cellulose nanofibers, earlier denoted also as microfibrillated celluloses and bacterial cellulose. In recent years, they have spurred research toward a wide range of applications, ranging from nanocomposites, viscosity modifiers, films, barrier layers, fibers, structural color, gels, aerogels and foams, and energy applications, until filtering membranes, to name a few. Still, nanocelluloses continue to show surprisingly high challenges to master their interactions and tailorability to allow well‐controlled assemblies for functional materials. Rather than trying to review the already extensive nanocellulose literature at large, here selected aspects of the recent progress are the focus. Water interactions, which are central for processing for the functional properties, are discussed first. Then advanced hybrid gels toward (multi)stimuli responses, shape‐memory materials, self‐healing, adhesion and gluing, biological scaffolding, and forensic applications are discussed. Finally, composite fibers are discussed, as well as nanocellulose as a strategy for improvement of photosynthesis‐based chemicals production. In summary, selected perspectives toward new directions for sustainable high‐tech functional materials science based on nanocelluloses are described.
Recent Advances in Hyperthermia Therapy‐Based Synergistic Immunotherapy
Authors: Chang Mengyu , Hou Zhiyao , Wang Man , Li Chunxia , Lin Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe past decades have witnessed hyperthermia therapy (HTT) as an emerging strategy against malignant tumors. Nanomaterial‐based photothermal therapy (PTT) and magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), as highly effective and noninvasive treatment models, offer advantages over other strategies in the treatment of different types of tumors. However, both PTT and MHT cannot completely cure cancer due to recurrence and distal metastasis. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has attracted widespread attention owing to its capability to activate the body's own natural defense to identify, attack, and eradicate cancer cells. Significant efforts have been devoted to studying the activated immune responses caused by hyperthermia‐ablated tumors. In this article, the synergistic mechanism of HTT in immunotherapy, including immunogenic cell death and reversal of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is discussed. The reports of the combination of HTT or HTT‐based multimodal therapy with immunotherapy, including immunoadjuvant exploitation, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and adoptive cellular immunotherapy are summarized. As highlighted, these strategies could achieve synergistically enhanced therapeutic outcomes against both primary tumors and metastatic lesions, prevent cancer recurrence, and prolong the survival period. Finally, current challenges and prospective developments in HTT‐synergized immunotherapy are also reviewed.
Real‐time optimization for nonlinear processes including output saturation
Authors: Ahn Gwang‐Noh , Lim Sanghun , Sung Su Whan , Lee Jietae 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOutput saturation is observed in many chemical processes and microbial cultivation processes. In these processes, output saturation can cause a number of control problems near the saturation point due to the nonlinear continuous input multiplicity interval after the saturation point. In general, the widely used proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller cannot perform its function due to the nonlinearity. In particular, the accumulated error due to the integration term in the saturation region may result in a reduction in the energy efficiency and in an overloading of the process. Two solutions to this optimization problem are presented in this study. The first is to eliminate input multiplicity through a modified PID controller that introduces a new output value with the input signal added. The second is to find the optimal point of the nonlinear saturation process using extremum seeking control with continuous perturbation. Overflow experiments and simulations involving the liquid level system were performed for both solutions. Both methods have different characteristics, but both exhibit remarkable performance and stability improvements over conventional control systems.
Free serum sorbitol and its interaction with caffeine: A suggestive approach for plausible remediation of diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Srivastava Bhavya , Sen Souvik , Sen Kamalika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe measure of sorbitol in serum can act as a good indicator in the monitoring of the diabetic complications. To analyze the sorbitol level in serum medium, fluorometric enzymatic assay was performed. To remove the excess sorbitol from the body, proposed binding of sorbitol with caffeine was investigated. Their interaction in serum medium was studied and established by UV‐Vis, fluorescence spectrophotometry, and time‐correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). The linear calibration of sorbitol (in the range 10–50 mM) was done using UV‐Vis spectrophotometry. Time scan experiments furnished the reaction rate of sorbitol assayed solution as well as sorbitol–caffeine complex as 0.021 min−1 and 0.018 min−1, respectively. A sudden drop was observed in the fluorescence lifetime of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) present in sorbitol assayed solution upon complexation with caffeine, that is, from 1.774 × 10−09 to 1.23 × 10−10 Sec, which indicates the hindrance in the formation of NADH and the probable formation of some other species. Isothermal titration calorimetric experiments clearly indicate the number of binding sites (i.e., 3.89, 1.40, and 2.07) that exist between sorbitol and caffeine at the complexation ratio of 1:1.2, 1:1.5, and 1:3. The present method can be helpful in pharmacological and therapeutic studies of sorbitol using caffeine for treating diabetic neuropathy.
The Unflinching Mr. Smith and the Nuclear Age**
Authors: Turchetti Simone 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the U.S. diplomat and nuclear arms control negotiator Gerald (Gerry) Coat Smith in order to cast new light on the importance of diplomats in the context of the set of international activities currently labelled as “science diplomacy.” Smith, a lawyer by training, was a key negotiator in many international agreements on post‐WW2 atomic energy projects, from those on uranium prospecting and mining, to reactors technologies to later ones on non‐proliferation and disarmament. His career in science (nuclear) diplomacy also epitomized the shortcomings of efforts to align other countries’ posture on nuclear affairs to U.S. wishes. In particular, the unswerving diplomat increasingly understood that strong‐arm tactics to dissuade other countries from acquiring nuclear weapons would not limit proliferation. Not only did this inform later U.S. diplomacy approaches, but it lent itself to the ascendancy of the new notion of “soft power” as critical to the re‐definition of international affairs.
Purification and Identification of Pine Nut (Pinus yunnanensis Franch.) Protein Hydrolysate and Its Antioxidant Activity in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Liu Zitian , Shi Yuming , Liu Huiping , Jia Qi , Liu Qingrun , Tu Jianqiu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, the pine nut (Pinus yunnanensis Franch.) protein was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease and trypsin to prepare pine nut protein hydrolysate (PNPH). The chemical, intracellular and in vivo antioxidant capacity of PNPH were evaluated. PNPH owned the ability of scavenging free radicals, and it could protect the HepG2 cells from oxidative damage by preserving cell viability. Moreover, PNPH could reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and improved the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities in serum, heart and liver of aging mice induced by D‐galactose. Further, the PNPH was stepwise purified and identified, and 15 peptides were identified from purified fraction in PNPH. The three‐dimension structures of identified peptides were predicted. Among all identified peptides, peptide 3, 7, 8 and 11 were presumed to possess good antioxidant activity. Overall, PNPH and purified peptides isolated from PNPH have potential application prospects in the field of natural antioxidants and anti‐aging functional foods.
Impact of intracoronary imaging on in‐hospital mortality and 30‐day readmission rates following percutaneous coronary intervention: A nationwide readmissions database analysis
Authors: Lazkani Mohamad , Tripathi Byomesh , Dattilo Philip 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is well established for the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease. This study was performed to assess the impact of in‐hospital mortality and 30‐day readmission with intracoronary imaging as an adjunct to baseline coronary angiography.MethodsThe study was derived from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Readmission Database (NRD) of 2016, sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Patients who underwent PCI were identified using appropriate ICD‐10 codes. Study population was further subcategorized into 2 PCI arms: intravascular imaging (''imaging'' group) and fluoroscopy guided (''angiography'' group). Primary endpoints were 30‐day readmissions and in‐hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints were length of stay, cost of care, predictors of 30‐day readmission and in‐hospital mortality in PCI related hospitalizations.ResultsWe identified in total 188,368 index admissions, with 12,379 patients in the “imaging‐guided” group and 175,989 in the “angiography‐alone” group. There were no differences in 30‐day readmissions between both groups (~10.8% in both arms, p = .788). However, in‐hospital mortality carried a statistically significant reduction with use of imaging‐guided PCI (1.72% vs 2.24%, p = .004). The median length of stay was longer in the imaging‐guided arm (3 vs. 2 days, p < .001), associated with larger median total hospital costs ($32,123 USD vs. $25,162 USD, p < .001). The strongest predictor of in‐hospital mortality in both univariate and multivariate analysis was having an existing coagulopathy.ConclusionThe results of this study did not confer benefit with regards to 30‐day hospital readmission rates when utilizing intracoronary imaging versus angiography‐alone in percutaneous coronary intervention, but did suggest there may be an association between the use of intracoronary imaging and improved in‐hospital mortality. In addition, resource utilization was higher in the intra‐coronary imaging arm of the study.
Na0.67Mn(1‐x)FexO2 Compounds as High‐Capacity Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Siriwardena Dumindu P. , Fernando Joseph F. S. , Wang Tony , Firestein Konstantin L. , Zhang Chao , Lewis Courtney‐Elyce , von Treifeldt Joel E. , Golberg Dmitri V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHerein, we report on electrochemical and structural properties of low‐cost Na0.67Mn(1‐x)FexO2 (NMFx) cathode materials synthesized through substitution of Mn with small amounts of Fe. The materials were fabricated using a simple solid‐state synthesis method. Electrochemical performance of the cathodes was significantly improved when initial electrochemical activation had been performed. Activated Na0.67Mn0.9Fe0.1O2 material displayed a high capacity of 132 mAh/g after 100 cycles and delivered an exceptionally high rate capability of 116 mAh/g at 500 mA/g. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron‐spectroscopy (XPS) analyses suggested that Fe had played a structural as well as an electrochemical role in cathode performance. Ex situ and in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies were used to analyze the associated structural variations during the capacity evolution.
Intracellular Logic Computation with Framework Nucleic Acid‐Based Circuits for mRNA Imaging†
Authors: Song Ling , Xiao Mingshu , Lai Wei , Li Li , Wan Ying , Pei Hao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMain observation and conclusionDNA circuits have been designed for implementation of various functions based on DNA strand displacement in cell‐free settings, but their capabilities in biological environments remain limited. In this work, we report framework nucleic acid (FNA)‐based circuits enabling intracellular logic computation for mRNA imaging. FNAs as rigid scaffolds enable to deliver our built DNA circuits into cells without aid of transfection reagents, evading a time‐consuming and tedious process prior to analysis, and the pendant duplex DNA designed at one vertex of FNA as gate is suitable for four‐way strand exchange, minimizing crosstalk with other nucleic acids in the cellular milieu. We demonstrated that such FNA‐based circuits can operate both in vitro and in vivo logic computation, including OR and AND logic gates. Moreover, in situ mRNA imaging was also realized by exploiting native mRNA as scaffolds to bind multiple FNA‐based gates for the enhanced signal‐to‐background ratio. We hope that this FNA‐based circuit can be applied for disease diagnosis, facilitating the development of biomedicine.
Direct Electrochemical Synthesis of Sulfur‐Containing Triazolium Inner Salts
Authors: Li Yueheng , Huang Zhixing , Mo Guangquan , Jiang Wei , Zheng Chengwei , Feng Pengju , Ruan Zhixiong 
Published: December 2020

Main observation and conclusionThe electrochemical thiocyanation/cyclization of aldehyde hydrazones was developed under external oxidant‐free and catalyst‐free conditions. In contrast to previous thiocyanation, this electrosynthetic approach enabled a cascade C—H thiocyanation/cyclization through a mild, direct electrolysis manner in an undivided cell without the additive of halogens and stoichiometric oxidants. In this protocol, commercially available and inexpensive sodium thiocyanate was used, which played a dual role as a thiocyanation reagent and electrolyte. This strategy provides expedient access to functionalized sulfur‐containing triazolium inner salts with ample scope and diverse functional group tolerance. Based on the findings of mechanistic studies, a reaction mechanism was proposed.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Endocyclic Enones: the Solution to a Historical Problem†
Authors: Lang Qiwei , Yang Huaxin , Gu Guoxian , Feng Qiang , Wen Jialin , Zhang Xumu 
Published: December 2020

Main observation and conclusionThe enantioselective hydrogenation of endocyclic enones has been a historical problem for homogeneous catalysis. We herein report an efficient method to reduce endocyclic enones with molecular hydrogen. Catalyzed by a rhodium/Zhaophos complex, a variety of enones with five‐, six‐ or seven‐member ring were hydrogenated with high enantioselectivity (92%—99% ee). Excellent chemo‐ and enantioselectivity demonstrated this method was successfully applied in the enantioselective hydrogenation of citral to produce enantio‐enriched citronellal.
Whole‐exome sequencing analysis of juvenile papillomatosis and coexisting breast carcinoma
Authors: D'Alfonso Timothy M , Pareja Fresia , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , Vahdatinia Mahsa , Gazzo Andrea , Ferrando Lorenzo , da Silva Edaise M , Cheng Esther , Sclafani Lisa , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Zhang Hong , Hoda Syed A , Wen Hannah Y , Brogi Edi , Weigelt Britta , Reis‐Filho Jorge S 
Published: December 2020

AbstractJuvenile papillomatosis (JP) of the breast is a rare benign mass‐forming lesion occurring in young women, which is histologically characterized by a constellation of proliferative changes and large cysts, giving it the gross appearance of Swiss cheese. A subset of patients with JP report a family history of breast carcinoma and/or coexisting or subsequent breast carcinoma. We performed whole‐exome sequencing of the hyperplastic epithelial component of three JPs, including one with coexisting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC‐NST). JPs harbored clonal somatic PIK3CA hotspot mutations in two cases. In the JP with coexisting DCIS and IDC‐NST, these lesions were clonally related to the associated JP, sharing a clonal PIK3CA E542K somatic hotspot mutation. JP showed a paucity of copy number alterations, whereas the associated DCIS and IDC‐NST showed concurrent 1q gains/16q losses, hallmarks of estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancers. We observed JP to harbor a dominant aging‐related mutational signature, whereas coexisting DCIS and IDC‐NST showed greater exposure to an APOBEC signature. Taken together, our findings suggest that, at least in a subset of cases, JP might constitute the substrate from which DCIS and invasive breast carcinomas develop.
Application of Discrete First‐Row Transition‐Metal Complexes as Photosensitisers
Authors: Behm Kira , McIntosh Ruaraidh D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis Minireview summarises and critically evaluates recent advances in the utilisation of discrete first‐row transition‐metal (TM) complexes as photosensitisers. Whilst many compounds absorb light, TM complexes are generally more desirable for photochemical applications, as they usually exhibit strong absorption of visible light, making them ideally suited to exploiting the sun as a freely available light source. Due to their outstanding activities, precious metals, such as iridium and ruthenium, are currently still at the forefront of photochemistry research. However, they also bear disadvantages with respect to abundance, cost and toxicity. Therefore, it is desirable to move to more abundant and less expensive systems that retain good photosensitising abilities. This Minireview will focus on first‐row transition‐metals, specifically titanium, copper, iron, and zinc, which have become the focus of increased attention over recent years as potential replacements for noble metals as photosensitisers. Their structure – activity relationships are explored and challenges in designing the ligands and complexes are discussed.