bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subwavelength acoustic focusing within multi-breadth bands with a window-shape metasurface
Authors: Gao Feng , Xie Jianlan , Peng Yuchen , Yan Bei , Liu Exian , Peng Peng , Li Hang , Jiang Jiapei , Liu Jianjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The traditional phase gradient acoustic focusing metasurfaces based on the generalized Snell law (GSL) can manipulate acoustic waves freely. However, their applications are limited largely because of their narrow bandwidth, large volume, and single function. To resolve these problems, a kind of window-shape acoustic focusing metasurface (WSAFM) is proposed, the well performed focusing can be obtained by the flexibly varied longitudinal length of two handles inside the basic structure unit (BSU). The results demonstrate that, within multi-breadth bands (5000 Hz –6500 Hz, 7100 Hz –7600 Hz, 12100 Hz –13600 Hz), the WSAFM can realize the near-zero–sidelobe (NZS) subwavelength focusing, the variation of focus position, and the breakthrough of diffraction limit at multi-frequency. More importantly, when the non-Hermitian parameters (non-Hermitian system) are introduced to the WSAFM, the focus intensity can be enhanced without varying other parameters. The WSAFM proposed in this paper shows promising potentials in biomedical ultrasound imaging and the design of acoustic devices with multi-breadth bands.
Association of Cognitive Function and Retinal Neural and Vascular Structure in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Fickweiler Ward , Wolfson Emily A , Paniagua Samantha M , Yu Marc Gregory , Adam Atif , Bahnam Vanessa , Sampani Konstantina , Wu I-Hsien , Musen Gail , Aiello Lloyd P , Shah Hetal , Sun Jennifer K , King George L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Cognitive dysfunction is a growing and understudied public health issue in the aging type 1 diabetic population and is difficult and time-consuming to diagnose. Studies in long duration type 1 diabetes have reported the presence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy was associated with cognitive dysfunction.

Objective
This study assessed whether structural and vascular abnormalities of the retina, representing an extension of the central nervous system, are associated with cognitive impairment and other complications of type 1 diabetes.

Methods
An observational cross-sectional study of individuals with 50 or more years of type 1 diabetes (Joslin Medalist Study) was conducted at a university hospital in the United States. The study included 129 participants with complete cognitive testing. Validated cognitive testing measures included psychomotor speed, and immediate, and delayed memory. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed to obtain neural retinal layer thicknesses and vascular density for superficial (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP). Multivariable modeling was adjusted for potential confounders associated with outcomes in unadjusted analyses.

Results
Decreased vessel density of the SCP and DCP was associated with worse delayed memory (DCP: P = .002) and dominant hand psychomotor speed (SCP: P = .01). Thinning of the retinal outer nuclear layer was associated with worse psychomotor speed both in nondominant and dominant hands (P = .01 and P = .05, respectively). Outer plexiform layer thickness was associated with delayed memory (P = .04).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that noninvasive retinal imaging using OCT and OCTA may assist in estimating the risks for cognitive dysfunction in people with type 1 diabetes.
Development of a Prediction Score to Avoid Confirmatory Testing in Patients With Suspected Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Burrello Jacopo , Amongero Martina , Buffolo Fabrizio , Sconfienza Elisa , Forestiero Vittorio , Burrello Alessio , Adolf Christian , Handgriff Laura , Reincke Martin , Veglio Franco , Williams Tracy Ann , Monticone Silvia , Mulatero Paolo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContextThe diagnostic work-up of primary aldosteronism (PA) includes screening and confirmation steps. Case confirmation is time-consuming, expensive, and there is no consensus on tests and thresholds to be used. Diagnostic algorithms to avoid confirmatory testing may be useful for the management of patients with PA.ObjectiveDevelopment and validation of diagnostic models to confirm or exclude PA diagnosis in patients with a positive screening test.Design, Patients, and SettingWe evaluated 1024 patients who underwent confirmatory testing for PA. The diagnostic models were developed in a training cohort (n = 522), and then tested on an internal validation cohort (n = 174) and on an independent external prospective cohort (n = 328).Main Outcome MeasureDifferent diagnostic models and a 16-point score were developed by machine learning and regression analysis to discriminate patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PA.ResultsMale sex, antihypertensive medication, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, potassium levels, and the presence of organ damage were associated with a confirmed diagnosis of PA. Machine learning-based models displayed an accuracy of 72.9%–83.9%. The Primary Aldosteronism Confirmatory Testing (PACT) score correctly classified 84.1% at training and 83.9% or 81.1% at internal and external validation, respectively. A flow chart employing the PACT score to select patients for confirmatory testing correctly managed all patients and resulted in a 22.8% reduction in the number of confirmatory tests.ConclusionsThe integration of diagnostic modeling algorithms in clinical practice may improve the management of patients with PA by circumventing unnecessary confirmatory testing.
Defining endogenous TACC3–chTOG–clathrin–GTSE1 interactions at the mitotic spindle using induced relocalization
Authors: Ryan Ellis L. , Shelford James , Massam-Wu Teresa , Bayliss Richard , Royle Stephen J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
A multiprotein complex containing TACC3, clathrin and other proteins has been implicated in mitotic spindle stability. To disrupt this complex in an anti-cancer context, we need to understand its composition and how it interacts with microtubules. Induced relocalization of proteins in cells is a powerful way to analyze protein–protein interactions and, additionally, monitor where and when these interactions occur. We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to add tandem FKBP–GFP tags to each complex member. The relocalization of endogenous tagged protein from the mitotic spindle to mitochondria and assessment of the effect on other proteins allowed us to establish that TACC3 and clathrin are core complex members and that chTOG (also known as CKAP5) and GTSE1 are ancillary to the complex, binding respectively to TACC3 and clathrin, but not each other. We also show that PIK3C2A, a clathrin-binding protein that was proposed to stabilize the TACC3–chTOG–clathrin–GTSE1 complex during mitosis, is not a member of the complex. This work establishes that targeting the TACC3–clathrin interface or their microtubule-binding sites are the two strategies most likely to disrupt spindle stability mediated by this multiprotein complex.
Changes in accommodative function following small-incision lenticule extraction for high myopia
Authors: Gyldenkerne Anders , Aagaard Nicolaj , Jakobsen Malene , Toftelund Carina , Hjortdal Jesper 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
To examine whether the amplitude of accommodation, the accommodative response, and the accommodative facility is affected and correlated with changes in higher-order aberrations for patients with high myopia surgically treated with small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods
35 highly myopic eyes (myopic spherical equivalent of at least 6 diopters) of 35 patients treated with SMILE were included. Assessments were made before and 3 months after surgery. Donders push-up-method was used to measure the amplitude of accommodation. The accommodative response was assessed using an open-field autorefractor”Grand Seiko WAM-5500” (Grand Seiko Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan) in combination with a Badal optometer and stimuli of accommodation at 0.0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 D, respectively. Accommodative facility was measured at 40 cm with ±2,00D flipper lenses. All measurements of accommodation were performed monocularly with the refractive error corrected with soft contact lenses.

Results
The amplitude of accommodation did not change statistically significantly (mean difference -0.24 D (SD 0.98), 95% CI of mean difference -0.58 D to 0.11 D, paired-sample t(34) = -1.39; P = 0.17). The accommodative responses at 0.0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 D did not statistically significantly change either (F(6,29) = 1.15; P = .36). Finally, the accommodative facility was also unchanged with a mean difference of 1.11 cycles per minute (SD 5.11, 95% CI of mean difference -0.64 to 2.87, paired-sample t(34) = 1.29; P = 0.21). No clinically significant associations between changes in accommodation and higher-order aberrations were found.

Conclusions
SMILE does not alter the amplitude of accommodation, the accommodative response, nor the accommodative facility for highly myopic patients, and the surgically induced corneal higher-order aberrations do not affect the accommodative function.
Comparison of phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI derived perfusion and ventilation parameters at 1.5T and 3T in healthy volunteers
Authors: Glandorf Julian , Klimeš Filip , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Behrendt Lea , Crisosto Cristian , Wacker Frank , Ciet Pierluigi , Wild Jim M. , Vogel-Claussen Jens 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of different field strengths on perfusion and ventilation parameters, SNR and CNR derived by PREFUL MRI using predefined sequence parameters.

Methods
Data sets of free breathing 2d FLASH lung MRI were acquired from 15 healthy subjects at 1.5T and 3T (Magnetom Avanto and Skyra, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) with a maximum period of 3 days in between. The processed functional parameters regional ventilation (RVent), perfusion (Q), quantified perfusion (QQuant), perfusion defect percentage (QDP), ventilation defect percentage (VDP) and ventilation-perfusion match (VQM) were compared for systematic differences. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratio (SNR and CNR) of both acquisitions were analyzed.

Results
RVent, Q, VDP, SNR and CNR presented no significant differences between 1.5T and 3T. QQuant (1.5T vs. 3T, P = 0.04), and QDP (1.5T vs. 3T, P≤0.01) decreased significantly at 3T. Consequently, VQM increased significantly (1.5T vs. 3T, P≤0.01). Skewness and kurtosis of the Q-values increased significantly at 3T (P≤0.01). The mean Sørensen-Dice coefficients between both series were 0.91 for QDP and 0.94 for VDP. The Bland-Altman analysis of both series showed mean differences of 4.29% for QDP, 1.23% for VDP and -5.15% for VQM. Using the above-mentioned parameters for three-day repeatability at two different scanners and field strengths, the retrospective power calculation showed, that a sample size of 15 can detect differences of 3.7% for QDP, of 2.9% for VDP and differences of 2.6% for VQM.

Conclusion
Significant differences in QDP may be related to field inhomogeneities, which is expressed by increasing skewness and kurtosis at 3T. QQuant reveals only poor reproducibility between 1.5T and 3T. RVent, Q, VDP, SNR and CNR were not altered significantly at the used sequence parameters. Healthy participants with minimal defects present high spatial agreement of QDP and VDP.
ETLINGERA TJIASMANTOI (ZINGIBERACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM CENTRAL SULAWESI
Authors: Ardiyani Marlina , Ardi Wisnu Handoyo , Santoso Wahyudi , Poulsen Axel Dalberg 
Published: December 2020

ARDIYANI, M., ARDI, W. H., SANTOSO, W. & POULSEN, A. D. 2020. Etlingera tjiasmantoi (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Central Sulawesi. Reinwardtia 19(2): 103‒108. ‒‒ A new species of Etlingera, Etlingera tjiasmantoi Ardiyani & Ardi, was discovered at Tentena, Central Sulawesi, and is described here. This species resembles Etlingera flexuosa A.D.Poulsen and Etlingera mamasarum A.D.Poulsen & Ardiyani but differs from both in having thecae dehiscing through their entire length and in the obovoid, glabrous and spineless fruits. The DNA barcode data, the line drawings of flower and fruit and the plate of E. tjiasmantoi were presented.
Transformative Learning Potentials of Trainee Health Workers in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwagu Evelyn Nwagu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study investigated transformative learning and the influence of learning experiences and demographic characteristics of the learners on transformative learning of trainee health workers in Nsukka, Enugu state Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. The instrument for data collection was a fixed-choice and open-ended questionnaire. Frequencies and ANOVA were computed. Thematic content analyses for open-ended questions were done. Participants indicated a high degree of transformative learning. Programme type, gender, age and level of study had no significant influence on the transformative learning potentials of the students. The most frequently selected learning components were field trips and presentations. Students’ responses to the open-ended questions covered themes such as; better understanding of health, illness and health care. The study demonstrated the importance of discussion and debate as a method of teaching, inclusive of critical reflection and consciousness-raising of cultural, social, economic, and political influences on individual health outcome.

Keywords: Transformative learning, critical reflection, change, Health Workers, Health, Illness and Health care.
Dissecting the Roles of Supervised and Unsupervised Learning in Perceptual Discrimination Judgments
Authors: Loewenstein Yonatan , Raviv Ofri , Ahissar Merav 
Published: December 2020

Our ability to compare sensory stimuli is a fundamental cognitive function, which is known to be affected by two biases: choice bias, which reflects a preference for a given response, and contraction bias, which reflects a tendency to perceive stimuli as similar to previous ones. To test whether both reflect supervised processes, we designed feedback protocols aimed to modify them and tested them in human participants. Choice bias was readily modifiable. However, contraction bias was not. To compare these results to those predicted from an optimal supervised process, we studied a noise-matched optimal linear discriminator (Perceptron). In this model, both biases were substantially modified, indicating that the “resilience” of contraction bias to feedback does not maximize performance. These results suggest that perceptual discrimination is a hierarchical, two-stage process. In the first, stimulus statistics are learned and integrated with representations in an unsupervised process that is impenetrable to external feedback. In the second, a binary judgment, learned in a supervised way, is applied to the combined percept.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe seemingly effortless process of inferring physical reality from the sensory input is highly influenced by previous knowledge, leading to perceptual biases. Two common ones are contraction bias (the tendency to perceive stimuli as similar to previous ones) and choice bias (the tendency to prefer a specific response). Combining human psychophysical experiments with computational modeling we show that they reflect two different learning processes. Contraction bias reflects unsupervised learning of stimuli statistics, whereas choice bias results from supervised or reinforcement learning. This dissociation reveals a hierarchical, two-stage process. The first, where stimuli statistics are learned and integrated with representations, is unsupervised. The second, where a binary judgment is applied to the combined percept, is learned in a supervised way.
Dakwah Ulama Dalam Menjaga Toleransi Beragama Di Wilayah Kota Tangerang Selatan Dan Depok
Authors: Darajat Deden Mauli , Rubiyanah Rubiyanah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReligious conflicts often occur due to the unfair implementation of religious preaching which tend to obtrude. This form of preaching clearly contradicts the nature of religion which demands peace, coexistence and respect for human rights. This research explores in depth the extent to which the da'i provide enlightenment to the community so that they can live side by side and in harmony with followers of other religions. Islam is a religion that carries out the mission of rahmatan lil 'alamin, so it must be an inspiration and a carriage in bringing a tolerant life for the universe. Therefore, in preaching, preachers must prioritize preaching that is tolerant and wise, so that Islam can be accepted in the midst of a plural society. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative data analysis. AbstrakKonflik keagamaan seringkali terjadi akibat pelaksanaan penyiaran agama yang tidak fair dan cenderung memaksakan kehendak dalam beragama. Bentuk dakwah ini, jelas bertentangan dengan fitrah agama yang menghendaki kedamaian, hidup berdampingan, mendapatkan penghormatan atas hak-hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini menggali secara lebih mendalam tentang sejauhmana para da’i memberikan pencerahan kepada masyarakat agar dapat hidup berdampingan dan harmonis dengan penganut agama lain. Islam adalah agama yang mengemban misi dakwah rahmatan lil ‘alamin, sehingga harus menjadi inspirasi dan gerbong dalam menyongsong kehidupan yang toleran bagi semesta alam. Karena itu, di dalam berdakwah, da’i harus mengedepankan dakwah yang toleran dan bijaksana, sehingga Islam dapat diterima di tengah-tengah masyarakat yang plural. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan analisis data kualitatif.
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR ANALITIS PADA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH (PBL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR RANAH PENGETAHUAN
Authors: Yuwono Galih Rinekso , Sunarno Widha , Aminah Nonoh Siti 
Published: December 2020

THE EFFECT OF ANALYTICAL THINKING SKILLS ON PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TOWARDS STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOME OF THE KNOWLEDGE DOMAIN AbstractThis research aims to discover the influence of analytical thinking skill on problem-based learning towards students' learning outcomes of the knowledge domain. This research was conducted in SMP 1 Jaten in the academic year of 2018/2019. The research method used in this research was quasi-experimental. The researcher used simple random sampling to take a sample of this research. The sample of this research was 64 students of SMPN 1 Jaten. The researcher collected the data using objective tests in the form of 18 multiple choice questions to get data of the knowledge domain and 12 questions to get data of analytical thinking skills. The data analysis technique used by the researcher was a parametric test using the ANOVA test. Based on the data analysis, it was got that the sig value was 0.539. If the sig value was > 0.05, it could be concluded that H0 was accepted. It means that the students analytical thinking skill does not influence significantly towards students learning outcomes of the knowledge domain. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan berpikir analitis peserta didik pada pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL) terhadap hasil belajar pada ranah pengetahuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 1 Jaten pada tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 64 peserta didik. Pengambilan data dengan menggunakan tes objektif pilihan ganda sebanyak 18 butir soal untuk mendapatkan data hasil belajar ranah pengetahuan dan 12 butir soal untuk mendapatkan data kemampuan berpikir analitis. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji parametrik dengan menggunakan uji anava. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, diperoleh nilai sig sebesar 0,539. Nilai sig yang diperoleh > 0,05 maka disimpulkan H0 diterima yang menunjukkan kemampuan berpikir analitis peserta didik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar ranah pengetahuan.
PENGEMBANGAN LITERASI SAINS DAN IDENTITAS BUDAYA SISWA MELALUI PENDEKATAN ETNO-PEDAGOGI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAINS
Authors: Rahmawati Yuli , Ridwan Achmad , Faustine Sylvia , Syarah Sitti , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Mawarni Pramita Cucu 
Published: December 2020

SCIENCE LITERACY AND STUDENT CULTURAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ETHNO-PEDAGOGY APPROACH IN SCIENCE LEARNING AbstractThis study aims to develop and apply ethno-pedagogy learning models in science learning to develop scientific literacy and students' cultural identity in the solar system topic. The study was conducted at SMPN 4 Bolo in the even semester of the 2018/2019 school year with 26 research subjects consisting of grade seven students. The study was conducted using qualitative analysis methods by collecting data through observation, reflective journals, student interviews, and scientific literacy tests. The ethno-pedagogy model is carried out through five stages of learning: self-identification, Content Integration, Collaboration, Dialogue, and Reflection. The results showed that the Etnopedagogy learning model impacted the development of students' scientific literacy and student's cultural identity. Based on the students' scientific literacy test as a whole showed that as many as 6.25% of students reached excellent levels and 31.25% of students reached good levels, 50% of students reached sufficient levels, 12.50% of students reached unfavorable levels, and there were none of the students who are at a not very good level. Science learning with the Ethno Pedagogy model provides opportunities for students to develop scientific literacy and learn to understand their cultural identity, foster a sense of love and pride for Indonesia, and responsibility to preserve its culture. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menerapkan model pembelajaran etnopedagogi dalam pembelajaran IPA untuk mengembangkan literasi sains dan identitas budaya siswa pada materi sistem tata surya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMPN 4 Bolo pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2018/2019 dengan subyek penelitian terdiri dari 26 orang siswa kelas VII. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, reflektif jurnal, wawancara siswa, dan tes literasi sains. Model etnopedagogi dilakukan melalui lima tahapan pembelajaran, yaitu self-identification, Content Integration, Collaboration, Dialogue, dan Reflection. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Etnopedagogi memiliki dampak dalam pengembangan literasi sains siswa dan identitas budaya siswa. Berdasarkan tes literasi sains siswa secara keseluruhan menunjukkan sebanyak dapat diketahui bahwa sebanyak 6,25% siswa mencapai level baik sekali dan 31,25% siswa mencapai level baik, 50% siswa mencapai level cukup, 12,50% siswa mencapai level kurang baik, dan tidak ada lagi siswa yang berada pada level kurang baik sekali. Pembelajaran sains dengan model Etnopdagogi memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mengembangkan literasi sains dan belajar untuk memahami identitas budayanya, menumbuhkan rasa cinta tanah air, bangga dan tanggung jawab untuk melestarikan budayanya.