bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of polypropylene fibres melting to permeability change in heated concrete - the fibre amount and length effect
Authors: Hager I , Mróz K , Tracz T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the investigations related to concrete permeability change during heating and the contribution of polypropylene fibres melting at the temperature of 163°C to permeability. Permeability is an important parameter governing the occurrence of the explosive behaviour also known as concrete spalling due to fire. To limit the spalling of concrete, the polypropylene fibres are used to act as a fuse and, by melting, reduce gas pressure in concrete pore system. The investigations consisted of testing the permeability change of seven high performance concretes with polypropylene fibres. The permeability was measured after temperature exposure to temperature 140, 160, 180 and 200°C. The results have shown to what extent the fibre length and content affect the permeability when melting. Moreover the results have shown that the addition of polypropylene fibres had the desired impact causing a considerable increase in concrete permeability after fibre melting.
Strength and leachability of geopolymers with the addition of municipal solid waste ashes
Authors: Łach M , Hebdowska-Krupa M , Komar N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the study concerning the possibility of immobilization of secondary waste from municipal waste incineration plants in geopolymers. The study was conducted for 2 different sources of ash from Poland and Lithuania. Three different types of waste were tested. Geopolymers were made with 70% added waste from incineration plants. The samples were made in many variants: geopolymers were made on the basis of fly ash and metakoline and waste was added untreated and after washing with water in a ratio of 1:5 (solid/liquid). Compressive strength and water leaching tests were carried out. As a result of the study, geopolymers as a material for immobilization of secondary waste from waste incineration plants were found to be useful. Water leaching tests proved that all the tested wastes stabilized in geopolymers are characterized by very low leachability values of metals suchas: copper, zinc, lead, etc.
Mechanical properties of geopolymers reinforced with carbon and aramid long fibers
Authors: Łach M , Hebdowska-Krupa M , Mierzwiński Dariusz , Korniejenko Kinga 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the study of geopolymer composites reinforced with carbon and aramid fibers. Geopolymers were made on the basis of fly ash activated with 10 mole sodium hydroxide solution with an addition of aqueous sodium silicate solution. The fibers were introduced in the form of a roving. Carbon fibers 800 tex and aramid fibers 805 tex were used. Additionally, to compare the influence of the number of fibers on the properties of geopolymer composites for carbon fiber, 1600 tex fiber was also used. The flexural strength of composites made with the fibers was tested. Fiber reinforced geopolymer composites showed a higher value of flexural strength than unreinforced ones. The higher value was noted for carbon fiber reinforced composites (800 tex) compared to aramid fiber roving composites (805 tex). The study also showed that the application of higher fiber mass in the case of carbon fiber roving does not bring the expected increase in mechanical properties of the composites. The use of carbon fiber roving (1600 tex) resulted in a lower flexural strength than in the case of 800 tex roving. Double increase of fiber mass in the composite caused a decrease in strength parameters.
Autoclaving of alkali-activated materials
Authors: Mierzwiński D , Walter J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Alkali-activated materials are amorphous materials that look like natural stone or a concrete structure. As in the case of concrete, on the surface of alkali-activated materials, a white coating appears in the form of efflorescence. For conventional efflorescent concrete, the reaction between Ca(OH)2 with water and CO2 is generally harmless, except for the discolouration. In the case of alkali-activated materials, efflorescence can be a big problem, especially if they are exposed to moisture or in contact with water. The white efflorescence on the surface of the materials is sodium carbonate heptahydrate Na2CO3·7H2O [1]. Various chemicals to prevent primary and secondary efflorescence can be used to reduce the appearance of the efflorescence. In the case of alkali-activated materials, this is a more complex process. The following paper proposes the use of hydrothermal processing during alkali-activated materials production. Hydrothermal treatment in an autoclave significantly reduced the appearance of efflorescence on the alkali-activated materials surfaces.
Influence of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloy grade TI6AL4V
Authors: Bogucki R , Hytroś E 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, the effect of heat treatment on the control of the volume share of α phase in a two-phase titanium alloy α + β from the Ti6A14V grade was analyzed. The applied heat treatments resulted in obtaining a volume share of alpha phase in the range of 60% to 96%. The highest hardness was obtained with a sample share 88% α phase, which was characterized by a microstructure consisting of grains of α phase and β phase regions of the phase precipitates of α’.
Neutral geopolymer foams reinforced with cellulose studied with the FT-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Szechyńska-Hebda M , Marczyk J , Ziejewska C , Hordyńska N , Mikuła J , Hebda M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, cellulose fibers were successfully used as a reinforcement agent in a metakaolin-based geopolymer composite to produce, by direct foaming, sustainable and lightweight material with neutral properties for eco-friendly agricultural purposes. The structure of these materials after the neutralization process as well as changes during curing were investigated in their relations to the Raman spectra. The results showed both, a strong degree of conversion of the starting materials to the innovative neutral geopolymer product, and an advantage of the Raman spectroscopy in order to confirm the type of SiO4 polymerization.
Possibilities of using the 3D printing process in the concrete and geopolymers application
Authors: Marczyk J , Ziejewska C , Łach M , Korniejenko K , Lin W T , Hebda M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimension printing (3DP) has a lot of advantages over traditional construction technology, including high building efficient, less construction wastes and greatly reduced labor. This paper presents the possibility of applying this technique to 3D printing of geopolymers and concrete. Moreover, a general overview of the research and progress of 3D printing of geopolymers and concrete in recent times was characterized. This paper also identifies the most interesting and innovative solutions in this area and highlights emerging trends to stimulate further research.
The synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials by pulsed laser ablation in water
Authors: Ganash Entesar A , Al-Jabarti Ghaliah A , Altuwirqi Reem M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pulsed Laser Ablation in liquid (PLAL) is considered as a robust and simple technique for producing nanoparticles (NPs) using lasers. The carbon-based nanoparticles were fabricated via the PLAL approach by irradiating a graphite target with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser of wavelength 532 nm. The graphite target was immersed in distilled water and irradiated for 10 min. The pulse length, reputation rate, and fluence were 6 ns, 10 Hz, and 0.4 J cm−2, respectively. The structural and physical properties of the synthesized NPs were investigated and analyzed using different characterization methods. For example, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images revealed diverse carbon nanostructures such as graphene nanosheets, nanospheres, nanospheres in the shape of a necklace, and nanotubes. The spectrum of Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed successful synthesis of high purity carbon nanostructures. Moreover, the result of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Spectroscopy indicated the presence of reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) with a (002) plane and the absence of Graphene Oxide (GO). The transmission spectrum from Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–vis) analysis showed a strong trough at 266 nm which is attributed to the presence of carbon nanostructures. Furthermore, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrated the vibration bonds related to carbon. The nanostructures produced were semi-stable with little agglomeration as was inferred from the results of the Zeta Potential. Finally, the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis supported the TEM results. PLAL technique is proved to be a simple method for producing carbon-based nanomaterials. Moreover, the laser fluence was found to be an important factor which affects greatly the type of nanostructures that could be synthesized during laser ablation.
Agonistic Pluralism and Journalism: De-centering Dominant Journalistic Norms
Authors: Budarick John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article I apply a poststructuralist perspective to journalism. I argue that Chantal Mouffe’s theory of agonistic pluralism provides a powerful theoretical site from which to critically analyze dominant forms of journalistic professionalism, their relationship to race, ethnicity and ethnic media, and the ways they shape expectations of the role of journalism in democratic society. There are two main themes in this analysis. In the first instance, the post-structuralist approach insists on seeing current professional journalistic norms as examples of hegemonic discursive formations that achieve ascendancy over other options. Through this perspective, one can interrogate how ethnic media and journalism are excluded from democratic public debates on the basis of contingent communicative values dressed up as objective norms. Secondly, Mouffe’s work provides a theoretical basis for aligning journalistic contingency with a plural agonistic democracy. The article also will discuss several challenges that arise when applying agonistic pluralism to media.
The epigenetic legacy of illicit drugs: developmental exposures and late-life phenotypes
Authors: Wanner Nicole M , Colwell Mathia L , Faulk Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effects of in utero exposure to illicit drugs on adult offspring are a significant and widespread but understudied global health concern, particularly in light of the growing opioid epidemic and emerging therapeutic uses for cannabis, ketamine, and MDMA. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of non-coding RNAs provide a mechanistic link between the prenatal environment and health consequences years beyond the original exposure, and shifts in the epigenome present in early life or adolescence can lead to disease states only appearing during adulthood. The current review summarizes the literature assessing effects of perinatal illicit drug exposure on adult disease phenotypes as mediated by perturbations of the epigenome. Both behavioral and somatic phenotypes are included and studies reporting clinical data in adult offspring, epigenetic readouts in offspring of any age, or both phenotypic and epigenetic measures are prioritized. Studies of licit substances of abuse (i.e. alcohol, nicotine) are excluded with a focus on cannabis, psychostimulants, opioids, and psychedelics; current issues in the field and areas of interest for further investigation are also discussed.
COUSIN (COdon Usage Similarity INdex): A Normalized Measure of Codon Usage Preferences
Authors: Bourret Jérôme , Alizon Samuel , Bravo Ignacio G 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCodon Usage Preferences (CUPrefs) describe the unequal usage of synonymous codons at the gene, chromosome, or genome levels. Numerous indices have been developed to evaluate CUPrefs, either in absolute terms or with respect to a reference. We introduce the normalized index COUSIN (for COdon Usage Similarity INdex), that compares the CUPrefs of a query against those of a reference and normalizes the output over a Null Hypothesis of random codon usage. The added value of COUSIN is to be easily interpreted, both quantitatively and qualitatively. An eponymous software written in Python3 is available for local or online use (http://cousin.ird.fr). This software allows for an easy and complete analysis of CUPrefs via COUSIN, includes seven other indices, and provides additional features such as statistical analyses, clustering, and CUPrefs optimization for gene expression. We illustrate the flexibility of COUSIN and highlight its advantages by analyzing the complete coding sequences of eight divergent genomes. Strikingly, COUSIN captures a bimodal distribution in the CUPrefs of human and chicken genes hitherto unreported with such precision. COUSIN opens new perspectives to uncover CUPrefs specificities in genomes in a practical, informative, and user-friendly way.
Dietary Restriction Improves Fitness of Aging Parents But Reduces Fitness of Their Offspring in Nematodes
Authors: Mautz Brian S , Lind Martin I , Maklakov Alexei A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a well-established intervention to extend lifespan across taxa. Recent studies suggest that DR-driven lifespan extension can be cost-free, calling into question a central tenant of the evolutionary theory of aging. Nevertheless, boosting parental longevity can reduce offspring fitness. Such intergenerational trade-offs are often ignored but can account for the “missing costs” of longevity. Here, we use the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei to test for effects of DR by fasting on fitness of females and their offspring. Females deprived of food for 6 days indeed had increased fecundity, survival, and stress resistance after re-exposure to food compared with their counterparts with constant food access. However, offspring of DR mothers had reduced early and lifetime fecundity, slower growth rate, and smaller body size at sexual maturity. These findings support the direct trade-off between investment in soma and gametes challenging the hypothesis that increased somatic maintenance and impaired reproduction can be decoupled.
A Dilute and Shoot LC–MS/MS Method for Antipsychotics in Urine
Authors: Feng Sheng , Enders Jeffrey R , Cummings Oneka T , Strickland Erin C , McIntire Timothy , McIntire Gregory 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Adherence to prescribed antipsychotics is an ongoing problem. Traditionally, estimates of adherence have been made from patient interviews, pill counting and blood testing. A number of methods for the analysis of antipsychotics in blood have been reported for both therapeutic drug monitoring and postmortem testing for toxicity. This report details a dilute and shoot method for the analysis of 19 different antipsychotics and metabolites. The method takes advantage of earlier reports demonstrating unique, prevalent urine metabolites for aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, haloperidol and lurasidone to enhance sensitivity for these analytes. With a fast analysis time and minimal sample preparation, this method can be used for quantitation of antipsychotics in urine. Finally, this method has been used to test samples for over a year with the results summarized in this report. While further improvements are certainly possible, this method is selective and sensitive for this group of important compounds.
Historicising the “Crisis” in Undergraduate Mental Health: British Universities and Student Mental Illness, 1944–1968
Authors: Crook Sarah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article explores how and why student mental health became an issue of concern in British universities between 1944 and 1968. It argues that two factors drew student mental health to the attention of medical professionals across this period: first, it argues that the post-war interest in mental illness drew attention to students, who were seen to be the luminaries of the future, investing their wellbeing with particular social importance. Second, it argues that the development of university health services made students increasingly visible, endorsing the view that higher education posed distinctive yet shared mental challenges to young people. The article charts the expansion of services and maps the implications of the visibility of student mental distress for post-war British universities. It suggests that claims that British higher education is currently in the midst of an unprecedented mental health “crisis” should be seen within this broader historical context, for while the contours of the debates around student mental health have shifted substantially, evidence that there was anxiety around student mental wellbeing in the immediate post-war years undermines accusations that contemporary students constitute a unique “snowflake generation.”
Digital Trade Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements: Introducing a New Dataset
Authors: Burri Mira , Polanco Rodrigo 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The article introduces a new dataset that seeks to comprehensively trace developments in the area of digital trade governance. The TAPED (Trade Agreements Provisions on Electronic-Commerce and Data) dataset includes a detailed mapping and coding of all preferential trade agreements that cover chapters, provisions, annexes, and side documents that directly or indirectly regulate digital trade. This article presents the methodology behind TAPED and provides an overview of the evolution of digital trade provisions in preferential trade agreements, highlighting also some emerging trends. It then takes a look at the substance of selected rules found particularly in electronic commerce chapters and maps the diversity of approaches in tackling issues meant to facilitate online trade, such as the customs duty moratorium on electronic transactions or paperless trading, and discusses the very recent rule-making with regard to cross-border data flows. This is of course merely a glimpse of the wealth of information that TAPED provides, and the goal of this article is simply to uncover the great variety and the complexity of the norms found in the preferential trade agreements on digital trade governance, which reveals the value of the dataset.
Anal Dysplasia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men With Sexually Acquired Early Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Jacobson Karen B , Gaisa Michael M , Sigel Keith , Foster Andrew L , Fierer Daniel S ,   New York Acute Hepatitis C Surveillance Network, Akil Bisher , Bailey Juan , Bellman Paul , Bowers Daniel , Bungay Krisczar , Burger Susanne , Carpenter Ward , Cantor Aviva , Chasan Rachel , Chavez Robert , Chow Rita , Cohen Robert , Dalton Patrick , Dellosso John , Demidont Adrian , Dillon Stephen , Donlon Eileen , Farrow Terry , Fefer Jose , Gaisa Michael , Guadron Rodolfo , Haber Stuart , Hefron Susan , Higgins Lawrence , Hitzeman Lawrence , Hsu Ricky , Huprikar Shirish , Inada Victor , Jacob Sneha , Johnson Livette , Johnston Barbara , Kaminsky Donald , Klein Oscar , Kwong Jeffrey , Lares-Guia Jose , Leach Eric , Levine Randy , Linetskaya Irina , Litvinova Larisa , Malhotra Amisha , Mandell William , Markowitz Martin , Mayer Gal , Meraz Eddie , Mortensen Erik , Olivieri Joseph , Paolino Charles , Photangtham Punyadech , Psevdos George , Radix Asa , Rapaport Steven , Ray Roona , Rodriguez-Caprio Gabriela , Shay William , Somasundaram Nirupama , Sorra Lembitu , Stivala Alicia , Tran Richie , Urbina Antonio , Vail Rona , Wallach Francis , Wang Wen , Weiss Susan , Wiener Melissa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of anorectal infection with high-risk human papillomavirus and subsequent high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), the putative precursor to anal cancer. Recently, an epidemic of sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged that shares this anorectal route of transmission. We hypothesized that the prevalence of anal HSIL would be high in HIV-infected MSM with sexually acquired early HCV infection.MethodsHigh-resolution anoscopy (HRA) findings from a cohort of HIV-infected MSM with sexually acquired early HCV infection were compared with HRA findings from a contemporary cohort of HIV-infected MSM without HCV infection who underwent HRA due to abnormal anal cytology found during routine screening.ResultsSixty HIV-infected MSM with sexually acquired early HCV infection and the comparator group of 1150 HIV-infected MSM with abnormal anal cytology but without HCV underwent HRA. The HIV-infected MSM with sexually acquired early HCV had higher CD4 counts compared with the comparator group (656 and 541 cells/μL, respectively; P = .02). Despite this, the prevalence of anal dysplasia was as high among MSM with early HCV as in the comparator group of MSM with abnormal cytology (47 [78%] and 941 [82%], respectively; P = .50), as was the proportion with HSIL (25 [42%] and 379 [33%], respectively; P = .17).ConclusionsThe prevalence of anal dysplasia in HIV-infected MSM with sexually acquired early HCV infection was as high as that of HIV-infected MSM with abnormal anal cytology. These findings suggest that primary screening with HRA may be warranted for HIV-infected MSM with early HCV.
General paediatric practice in autism spectrum disorder screening in Ontario, Canada: Opportunities for improvement
Authors: Ip Angie , Dupuis Annie , Anagnostou Evdokia , Loh Alvin , Dodds Tyler , Munoz Adriana , Smile Sharon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Screening is important for early identification of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), potentially leading to earlier intervention. Research has identified some barriers to early identification of ASD, however, information about ASD screening in Canadian general paediatric practice is lacking.

Objectives
The aim of the study is to better understand ASD screening practice patterns by examining the use of ASD and general developmental screening tools by general paediatricians.

Methods
The research team conducted a cross-sectional survey of general paediatricians.

Results
Two-hundred and sixty-seven paediatricians responded and 132 were eligible for the study. Ninety-three per cent of the responders used a developmental screening tool. Eighty-five per cent of the responders used an ASD screening tool when there were concerns for ASD, and 15% never used one. The most commonly used ASD screening tool was the M-CHAT. Children suspected of having ASD were referred to specialists not only to confirm the diagnosis but also to facilitate access to resources. General paediatricians were keen to incorporate formal ASD screening tools in their practice but identified the need for clearer guidelines.

Conclusion
Previous studies have shown that children at risk of ASD continue to be missed through developmental surveillance and targeted screening. Paediatricians are interested in implementing an ASD screening tool and cite brevity and forms that can be completed by parents as factors that would support the use of a screening tool. Clearer guidelines and tools to support ASD screening and access to resources are needed.