bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting and signaling of Rho of plants guanosine triphosphatases require synergistic interaction between guanine nucleotide inhibitor and vesicular trafficking
Authors: Ge Fu‐Rong , Chai Sen , Li Sha , Zhang Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMost eukaryotic cells are polarized. Common toolbox regulating cell polarization includes Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), in which spatiotemporal activation is regulated by a plethora of regulators. Rho of plants (ROPs) are the only Rho GTPases in plants. Although vesicular trafficking was hinted in the regulation of ROPs, it was unclear where vesicle‐carried ROP starts, whether it is dynamically regulated, and which components participate in vesicle‐mediated ROP targeting. In addition, although vesicle trafficking and guanine nucleotide inhibitor (GDI) pathways in Rho signaling have been extensively studied in yeast, it is unknown whether the two pathways interplay. Unclear are also cellular and developmental consequences of their interaction in multicellular organisms. Here, we show that the dynamic targeting of ROP through vesicles requires coat protein complex II and ADP‐ribosylation factor 1‐mediated post‐Golgi trafficking. Trafficking of vesicle‐carried ROPs between the plasma membrane and the trans‐Golgi network is mediated through adaptor protein 1 and sterol‐mediated endocytosis. Finally, we show that GDI and vesicle trafficking synergistically regulate cell polarization and ROP targeting, suggesting that the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved mechanism.
Personality‐cognition associations across the adult life span and potential moderators: Results from two cohorts
Authors: Simon Sharon S. , Lee Seonjoo , Stern Yaakov 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivePersonality and cognitive abilities have been previously linked. However, there are inconsistencies regarding whether this relationship varies as a function of age, and a lack of evidence on whether gender contributes to this relation, particularly across the adulthood. Therefore, this study investigated the association between personality and cognition across the adult life span, accounting for age and gender.MethodsWe examined the association between personality and cognition in two large samples (Sample 1: N = 422; Sample 2: N = 549) including young, middle‐aged and older adults. Participants completed personality scales and several cognitive measures related to reasoning, language, memory and speed of processing. Structural equation modeling was applied in order to investigate associations between personality and cognition, and moderation of age and gender within this relationship. We also conducted a mini‐meta‐analysis procedure in order to examine personality‐cognition associations, combining results from the two samples.ResultsOpenness was the main trait associated with cognitive performance; however, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism were also independently associated with cognition. Age and gender did not consistently moderate personality‐cognition in each sample, but the mini‐metanalysis showed that gender moderated Conscientiousness‐cognition associations.ConclusionsWe provided robust evidence of personality‐cognition associations across the adult life span, which was not consistently moderated by age, but in part by gender.
Specificity profile of NAT/NCS2 purine transporters inSinorhizobium(Ensifer)meliloti
Authors: Botou Maria , Yalelis Vassilis , Lazou Panayiota , Zantza Iliana , Papakostas Konstantinos , Charalambous Vassiliki , Mikros Emmanuel , Flemetakis Emmanouil , Frillingos Stathis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSinorhizobium(Ensifer)melilotiis a model example of a soil alpha‐proteobacterium which induces the formation of nitrogen‐fixing symbiotic nodules on the legume roots. In contrast to all other rhizobacterial species,S. meliloticontains multiple homologs of nucleobase transporter genes that belong to NAT/NCS2 family (Nucleobase‐Ascorbate Transporter/Nucleobase‐Cation Symporter‐2). We analyzed functionally all (six) relevant homologs ofS. meliloti1,021 usingEscherichia coliK‐12 as a host and found that five of them are high‐affinity transporters for xanthine (SmLL9), uric acid (SmLL8, SmLL9, SmX28), adenine (SmVC3, SmYE1), guanine (SmVC3), or hypoxanthine (SmVC3). Detailed analysis of substrate profiles showed that two of these transporters display enlarged specificity (SmLL9, SmVC3). SmLL9 is closely related in sequence with the xanthine‐specific XanQ ofE. coli. We subjected SmLL9 to rationally designed site‐directed mutagenesis and found that the role of key binding‐site residues of XanQ is conserved in SmLL9, whereas a single amino‐acid change (S93N) converts the xanthine/uric‐acid transporter SmLL9 to a xanthine‐preferring variant, due to disruption of an essential hydrogen bond with the C8 oxygen of uric acid. The results highlight the presence of several different purine nucleobase transporters inS. melilotiand imply that the purine transport might be important in the nodule symbiosis involvingS. meliloti.
Linking root structure to functionality: the impact of root system architecture on citrate‐enhanced phosphate uptake
Authors: McKay Fletcher Daniel M. , Ruiz Siul , Dias Tiago , Petroselli Chiara , Roose Tiina 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Root citrate exudation is thought to be important for phosphate solubilization. Previous research has concluded that cluster‐like roots benefit most from this exudation in terms of increased phosphate uptake, suggesting that root structure plays an important role in citrate‐enhanced uptake (additional phosphate uptake due to citrate exudation).

Time‐resolved computed tomography images of wheat root systems were used as the geometry for 3D citrate‐phosphate solubilization models. Citrate‐enhanced uptake was correlated with morphological measures of the root systems to determine which had the most benefit.

A large variation of citrate‐enhanced uptake over 11 root structures was observed. Root surface area dominated absolute phosphate uptake, but did not explain citrate‐enhanced uptake. Number of exuding root tips correlated well with citrate‐enhanced uptake. Root tips in close proximity could collectively exude high amounts of citrate, resulting in a delayed spike in citrate‐enhanced uptake.

Root system architecture plays an important role in citrate‐enhanced uptake. Singular morphological measurements of the root systems cannot entirely explain variations in citrate‐enhanced uptake. Root systems with many tips would benefit greatly from citrate exudation. Quantifying citrate‐enhanced uptake experimentally is difficult as variations in root surface area would overwhelm citrate benefits.
Clinico‐pathological correlation of optical fluorescence imaging in oral mucosal lesions
Authors: Tiwari Lalima , Kujan Omar , Farah Camile S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to identify clinical and pathological characteristics of oral mucosal lesions that may be predictive of optical autofluorescence imaging patterns.MethodsClinical data and archival histopathological material were collected from patients who presented with at least one oral mucosal lesion and underwent assessment via conventional oral examination, optical autofluorescence imaging and histopathological analysis. An open‐source digital pathology image analysis software was used to perform histomorphometric measurements. Classification and regression trees were used to determine histopathological characteristics most predictive of a clinical autofluorescence outcome.ResultsHistomorphometric features associated with tissue architecture, epithelial changes, inflammation and vasculature were found to be significantly associated with autofluorescence patterns. Diascopic fluorescence was found to be significantly predicted by lichenoid inflammation and was significantly associated with a diagnosis of oral lichen planus. Loss of autofluorescence with partial blanching was significantly associated with histopathological features noted in dysplastic and malignant lesions.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for the use of diascopic fluorescence as a technique to aid in clinical differentiation of benign inflammatory lesions from potentially malignant pathology. Based on the findings of this study, optical fluorescence imaging is a technique of added value in discernment of oral mucosal lesions, and our results support its clinical use.
The effectiveness of PC6 acupuncture in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Chang , Yan Meihua , Wang Ningyu , Liu Jinfeng , Wu Anshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundA growing number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of acupuncture in preventing and treating postoperative nausea and vomiting. Here, we used meta‐analysis to confirm these benefits in children and to determine the optimal time to perform this treatment.MethodsFour databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Chinese Database of Biology and Medicine) were searched from inception until January 16, 2019. We included randomized controlled trials for evaluating the effectiveness of acupuncture in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting during the early stage (0‐4 hours) and within 24 hours postoperatively in pediatrics. Control groups received standardized care control or standardized care combined with sham control.ResultsSixteen literatures and 1773 patients undergoing general anesthesia were included in the study. The results indicated that acupuncture was effective in reducing postoperative vomiting, both during the first 4 hours (RR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.26, 0.84; low quality) and within 24 hours postoperatively (RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.60, 0.91; low quality). Stratifying by the timing of acupuncture, acupuncture was effective in reducing the first 4 hours (RR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.18, 0.64; moderate quality), and 0‐24 hours postoperative vomiting (RR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70, 0.93; moderate quality) when performed before and during anesthesia, respectively. Further, the RR value was more robust when acupuncture was performed before anesthesia. Acupuncture was also effective in treating 0‐24 hours postoperative nausea (RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.60, 0.88; moderate quality) and in reducing the utilization of remedies during the first 4 hours (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.45, 0.89; moderate quality).ConclusionAcupuncture reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting as well as the utilization of antiemetic remedies, particularly during the first 4 hours following the operation. Acupuncture performed before anesthesia was demonstrated to be the most ideal intervention time for children.
Lipoatrophic panniculitis in an adolescent
Authors: Comstock Jeanette R. , Buhalog Brittany , Peebles J. Klint , Hinshaw Molly A. , Co Dominic O. , Arkin Lisa M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLipoatrophic panniculitis (LP) is a rare childhood panniculitis characterized by sclerotic, atrophic plaques on the extremities. We present a case of LP diagnosed during the inflammatory phase that was difficult to distinguish clinically from eosinophilic fasciitis. This report adds to the limited phenotypic spectrum of LP by differentiating the clinical features of disease activity from disease damage and highlighting the importance of biopsy in establishing a diagnosis.
Review of interactions between high‐risk pediatric heart transplant recipients and marginal donors including utilization of risk score models
Authors: Gossett Jeffrey G. , Amdani Shahnawaz , Khulbey Sanjeev , Punnoose Ann R. , Rosenthal David N. , Smith Jonathan , Smits Jacqueline , Dipchand Anne I. , Kirk Richard , Miera Oliver , Davies Ryan R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDonor organ acceptance practices vary among pediatric heart transplant professionals. We sought to understand what is known about the interactions between the “high‐risk” recipient and the “marginal donor,” and how donor risk scores can impact this discussion.MethodsA systematic review of published literature on pediatric HTx was undertaken with the assistance of a medical librarian. Two authors independently assessed search results, and papers were reviewed for inclusion.ResultsWe found that there are a large number of individual factors, and clusters of factors, that have been used to label individual recipients “high‐risk” and individual donors “marginal.” The terms “high‐risk recipient” and “marginal donor” have been used broadly in the literature making it virtually impossible to make comparisons between publications. In general, the data support that patients who could be easily agreed to be “sicker recipients” are at more risk compared to those who are clearly “healthier,” albeit still “sick enough” to need transplantation. Given this variability in the literature, we were unable to define how being a “high‐risk” recipient interplays with accepting a “marginal donor.” Existing risk scores are described, but none were felt to adequately predict outcomes from factors available at the time of offer acceptance.ConclusionsWe could not determine what makes a donor “marginal,” a recipient “high‐risk,” or how these factors interplay within the specific recipient‐donor pair to determine outcomes. Until there are better risk scores predicting outcomes at the time of organ acceptance, programs should continue to evaluate each organ and recipient individually.
Pediatric cardiac waitlist mortality—Still too high
Authors: Denfield Susan W. , Azeka Estela , Das Bibhuti , Garcia‐Guereta Luis , Irving Claire , Kemna Mariska , Reinhardt Zdenka , Thul Josef , Dipchand Anne I. , Kirk Richard , Davies Ryan R. , Miera Oliver 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCardiac transplantation for children with end‐stage cardiac disease with no other medical or surgical options is now standard. The number of children in need of cardiac transplant continues to exceed the number of donors considered “acceptable.” Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand which recipients are in greatest need of transplant before becoming “too ill” and which “marginal” donors are acceptable in order to reduce waitlist mortality. This article reviewed primarily pediatric studies reported over the last 15 years on waitlist mortality around the world for the various subgroups of children awaiting heart transplant and discusses strategies to try to reduce the cardiac waitlist mortality.
Review of the discard and/or refusal rate of offered donor hearts to pediatric waitlisted candidates
Authors: Schweiger Martin , Everitt Melanie D. , Chen Sharon , Nandi Deipanjan , Castro Javier , Gupta Dipankar , Scheel Janet , Lal Ashwin K. , Ablonczy Laszlo , Kirk Richard , Miera Oliver , Davies Ryan R. , Dipchand Anne I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe aimed to review current literature on the discard rate of donor hearts offered to pediatric recipients and assess geographical differences. Consequences and ways to reduce the discard rate are discussed. A systemic review on published literature on pediatric transplantation published in English since 2010 was undertaken. Additionally, a survey was sent to international OPOs with the goal of incorporating responses from around the world providing a more global picture. Based on the literature review and survey, there is a remarkably wide range of discard and/or refusal for pediatric hearts offered for transplant, ranging between 18% and 57% with great geographic variation. The data suggest that that the overall refusal rate may have decreased over the last decade. Reasons for organ discard were difficult to identify from the available data. Although the refusal rate of pediatric donor hearts seems to be lower compared to that reported in adults, it is still as high as 57% with geographic variation.
Pediatric donor management to optimize donor heart utilization
Authors: Zimpfer Daniel , Alexander Peta M. A. , Davies Ryan R. , Dipchand Anne I. , Feingold Brian , Joong Anna , Lord Karen , Kirk Richard , Scales Angie , Shih Renata , Miera Oliver 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOptimal management of pediatric cardiac donors is essential in order to maximize donor heart utilization and minimize the rate of discarded organs. This review was performed after a systematic literature review and gives a detailed overview on current practices and guidelines. The review focuses on optimal monitoring of pediatric donors, donor workup, hormonal replacement, and obliterating the adverse effects of brain death. The current evidence on catecholamine support and thyroid hormone replacement is also discussed. Recognizing and addressing this shall help in a standardized approach toward donor management and optimal utilization of pediatric heart donors organs.
Review of the impact of donor characteristics on pediatric heart transplant outcomes
Authors: Conway Jennifer , Ballweg Jean A. , Fenton Matthew , Kindel Steve , Chrisant Maryanne , Weintraub Robert G. , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Kirk Richard , Miera Oliver , Davies Ryan R. , Dipchand Anne I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHeart transplantation (HTx) is a treatment option for end‐stage heart failure in children. HTx is limited by the availability and acceptability of donor hearts. Refusal of donor hearts has been reported to be common with reasons for refusal including preexisting donor characteristics. This review will focus on the impact of donor characteristics and comorbidities on outcomes following pediatric HTx. A literature review was performed to identify articles on donor characteristics and comorbidities and pediatric HTx outcomes. There are many donor characteristics to consider when accepting a donor heart. Weight‐based matching is the most common form of matching in pediatric HTx with a donor‐recipient weight ratio between 0.7 and 3 having limited impact on outcomes. From an age perspective, donors <50 years can be carefully considered, but the impact of ischemic time needs to be understood. To increase the donor pool, with minimal impact on outcomes, ABO‐incompatible donors should be considered in patients that are eligible. Other factors to be considered when accepting an organ is donor comorbidities. Little is known about donor comorbidities in pediatric HTx, with most of the data available focusing on infections. Being aware of the potential infections in the donor, understanding the testing available and risks of transmission, and treatment options for the recipient is essential. There are a number of donor characteristics that potentially impact outcomes following pediatric HTx, but these need to be taken into consideration along with their interactions with recipient factors when interpreting the outcomes following HTx.
How Does Temperature Vary Over Time?: Evidence on the Stationary and Fractal Nature of Temperature Fluctuations
Authors: Dagsvik John K. , Fortuna Mariachiara , Moen Sigmund Hov 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe paper analyses temperature data from 96 selected weather stations world wide, and from reconstructed northern hemisphere temperature data over the last two millennia. Using a non-parametric test, we find that the stationarity hypothesis is not rejected by the data. Subsequently, we investigate further properties of the data by means of a statistical model known as the fractional Gaussian noise (FGN) model. Under stationarity FGN follows from the fact that the observed data are obtained as temporal aggregates of data generated at a finer (basic) timescale where temporal aggregation is taken over a ‘large’ number of basic units. The FGN process exhibits long-range dependence. Several tests show that both the reconstructed and most of the observed data are consistent with the FGN model.
An integrative physical, mineralogical and ichnological approach to characterize underfilled lake‐basins
Authors: Mancuso Adriana C. , Krapovickas Veronica , Benavente Cecilia A. , Marsicano Claudia A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLakes are particularly sensitive to environmental fluctuations, which are recorded in their facies and stratigraphy. Ephemeral lakes reveal their sensitivity to palaeoenvironmental changes in the overprinting of the sedimentary features in every single bed. Tetrapod‐track taphonomic‐modes and ichnological taphonomic‐pathways can be used as sensitive indicators of environmental conditions of the track‐bearing beds during deposition and imprinting. The Middle Triassic Cerro de las Cabras succession (Cuyana Basin, Argentina) provides an excellent opportunity to these environmental indicators in an underfilled palaeolake. A model of ichnological preservation for underfilled lake systems is proposed and the role of the ichnology record in the sequence stratigraphy analysis is evaluated, based on the integration of tetrapod‐track modes, taphonomic‐pathways of playa‐lake ichnofauna, mineralogy and physical data. Soft‐ground suites include those dominated by invertebrate grazing traces and arthropod locomotion traces (Suite 1), and those overprinted by horizontal‐vertical dwelling burrows with tetrapod tracks preserved in taphonomic modes B and C (Suite 2). The firm‐ground suite (Suite 3) comprises tetrapod‐tracks with the best preservation styles (modes A and B) along less abundant invertebrate dwelling and feeding traces as found in Suite 2. Clay mineralogy (dominated by illite with subordinate smectite) suggests low plasticity of the layers, in agreement with low‐relief deformation structures observed in tetrapod‐track taphonomic‐modes. The well‐preserved track tetrapod features documented in the Cerro de las Cabras succession, together with the absence of pedogenic disturbance, trampling obliterating the footprints, and/or evidence of strong disturbance by wind, desiccation and/or precipitation, supports short periods of exposure of the imprinted surface particular to this succession. An integrated multiproxy approach is proposed to evaluate the evolutionary interpretation and identification of autogenic versus allogenic controls in underfilled lake‐basin histories. The observed aggradational‐trend suggests an equilibrium between rates of accommodation change and sediment supply, and that the basin‐centre did not experience prolonged sediment‐starved conditions.
The Noble or Sour Wine: European Commission’s Competing Discourses on the Main CAP Reforms
Authors: Erjavec Karmen , Erjavec Emil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, we apply discourse analysis to the European Commission's Communications on reforms of the European Union's Common agricultural policy (CAP). The results of the historical discourse analysis of the European Commission’s strategy documents in the form of Communications on the CAP from 1991 to 2017 showed that the discourse was a hybrid, modified according to the specific political economic context and the European Commission’s need to justify the CAP reforms. In the first two Communications of 1991 and 1997, the neomercantilist and neoliberal discourses dominated to justify the reduction of market price support. In the Communications of the 2000s the neoliberal and multifunctionality discourse dominated to justify further CAP reforms based on decoupling and liberalisation of support. In the last Communication from 2017 the multifunctionality discourse in populist form prevailed to find the new societal argumentation for maintaining the policy.