bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Offenders’ understandings of forgiveness
Authors: Jenkins Tamera 
Published: December 2019

Offenders’ understandings of forgiveness
Despite extensive research on victim perceptions of forgiveness comparatively little is known about the meaning offenders attach to forgiveness. Through in-depth interviews with 19 criminal offenders this study sought to lay foundational groundwork regarding offenders’ understandings of forgiveness. Offenders viewed forgiveness through both a ‘victim’ and ‘offender’ lens. From a victim perspective offenders described giving forgiveness as a response that enabled them to ‘let go’ or ‘get over’ personal harms. From an offender perspective receiving forgiveness was defined as being either conditional or unconditional. Conditional forgiveness was related to evidence of positive change in offenders that must occur prior to forgiveness while the essential characteristic of unconditional forgiveness was found to be love. A better understanding of the significance of forgiveness in the lives of criminal offenders has practical implications for clinicians, service providers, and criminal justice professionals involved in the treatment or custodial care of this population.
Restorative justice, anger, and the transformative energy of forgiveness
Authors: Rossner Meredith 
Published: December 2019

Restorative justice, anger, and the transformative energy of forgiveness
Restorative justice has long been positioned as a justice mechanism that prioritises emotion and its expression. It is also unique in its ritual elements, such as the ritualized expression of anger and the symbolic exchange of apology and forgiveness. This paper draws on insights from research and practice in restorative justice and recent developments in criminology/legal theory and the philosophy of justice to suggest some ways that the broader criminal justice landscape can incorporate elements of successful restorative justice rituals into its practice. I argue that the unique elements of restorative justice- its ability to harness anger into a deliberative ritual for victims and offenders, its focus on symbolic reparations, and its ability to engender a form of forward-looking forgiveness that promotes civility- can provide a framework for rethinking how criminal justice institutions operate.
De werking van internationale sancties in Nederland
Authors: Pauwelussen Mcrim J. , Pijls M.W.P. 
Published: December 2019

De werking van internationale sancties in Nederland – Hoe de ontwikkeling, opsporing en vervolging van internationale sancties in Nederland plaatsvindt
In dit artikel wordt stilgestaan bij de achtergrond, geschiedenis en de ontwikkeling van internationale sancties. Tegen de achtergrond van de ontstaanshistorie wordt in dit artikel een beeld geschetst van het doel en de noodzaak van sancties. Vervolgens wordt beschreven welke wetgeving in Nederland van toepassing is op sanctieovertredingen en wordt relevante jurisprudentie behandeld. Ten slotte wordt er vanuit een praktische invalshoek beschreven op welke wijze de opsporing en vervolging is georganiseerd.
Gehørtrening og læring
Authors: Haugseth Bengt 
Published: December 2019

I artikkelen presenteres en undersøkelse blant en mindre gruppe lærerstudenter av utbyttet av en utbredt gehørmetode innenfor musikkundervisning. Studenter i lærerutdanningen har i en årrekke fått undervisning i trinnsang for å lettere kunne lese noter og forstå melodiske mønstre. Denne undersøkelsen avdekker hvor effektiv gehørmetoden som brukes er, og hvor mye øving som skal til for å få fremgang. To studentgrupper var med i undersøkelsen. Én gruppe fikk undervisning i gehørmetoden, den andre ikke. Funn fra tidligere studier tyder på at denne metoden er effektiv i korsammenheng. Resultatene, målt gjennom pre- og posttest i notelesing og diktat, viser at lærerstudenter som øver til sammen cirka 1000 minutter i en periode over 7 måneder opplever å lese noter bedre og oppfatte tonetrinn lettere.
Nøkkelord: trinnsang, notelesing, melodiforståelse, lærerstudenter
Ear training and learning outcome
AbstractThis article presents a study among a smaller group of teacher students on the outcome of a widespread ear training method used in music education. For many years, students in teacher education have learned numerical sight-singing in order to facilitate score reading and understanding of melodic patterns. This study is about measuring how effective this method is, and how much practice is required in order to attain progress. Two relatively similar student groups were included in the survey. One group had ear training, the other did not. Findings from earlier studies indicate that this method is effective in choirs. The results from this study, measured in a pre- and a post-test in score reading and melodic dictation, show that teacher students who practice around 1000 minutes over a 7-month period, are more fluent and accurate in score reading and the ability to recognize melodic patterns.
Keywords: numerical sight-singing, score reading, melody recognition, teacher students
Pathologic Protocols for Sentinel Lymph Nodes Ultrastaging in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Dundr Pavel , Cibula David , Němejcová Kristýna , Tichá Ivana , Bártů Michaela , Jakša Radek 
Published: December 2019

Context.—
Ultrastaging of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is a crucial aspect in the approach to SLN processing. No consensual protocol for pathologic ultrastaging has been approved by international societies to date.

Objective.—
To provide a review of the ultrastaging protocol and all its aspects related to the processing of SLNs in patients with cervical cancer.

Data Sources.—
In total, 127 publications reporting data from 9085 cases were identified in the literature. In 24% of studies, the information about SLN processing is entirely missing. No ultrastaging protocol was used in 7% of publications. When described, the differences in all aspects of SLN processing among the studies and institutions are substantial. This includes grossing of the SLN, which is not completely sliced and processed in almost 20% of studies. The reported protocols varied in all aspects of SLN processing, including the thickness of slices (range, 1–5 mm), the number of levels (range, 0–cut out until no tissue left), distance between the levels (range, 40–1000 μm), and number of sections per level (range, 1–5).

Conclusions.—
We found substantial differences in protocols used for SLN pathologic ultrastaging, which can impact sensitivity for detection of micrometastases and even small macrometastases. Since the involvement of pelvic lymph nodes is the most important negative prognostic factor, such profound discrepancies influence the referral of patients to adjuvant radiotherapy and could potentially cause treatment failure. It is urgent that international societies agree on a consensual protocol before SLN biopsy without pelvic lymphadenectomy is introduced into routine clinical practice.
Formação docente dos cursos de licenciatura na UFBA: análise dos currículos
Authors: Veras Renata Meira , Chaves Erika Silva , Silva Daiane Da Luz 
Published: December 2019

A formação de professores se constitui como um dos elementos decisivos para melhoria do sistema educacional, uma vez que a visão de profissionalismo docente subjaz a um determinado programa de formação, tanto no seu conteúdo, como na forma como está organizado. Com base nisso, esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar a carga horária das atividades formativas nos cursos de licenciatura da UFBA. A partir de uma pesquisa exploratória do tipo documental, foram analisadas 1.355 ementas de componentes curriculares obrigatórios distribuídos nos 38 currículos de cursos de licenciatura da UFBA, no turno diurno e noturno no período de abril/maio de 2018. Os resultados apontaram que com relação aos componentes que contemplam as dimensões pedagógicas, estágios supervisionados e práticas pedagógicas, cujos objetivos estão voltados para formação docente, os cursos que apresentaram expressiva carga horária foram o de Pedagogia, seguido de Teatro, Computação do turno noturno, Ciências Naturais e Educação Física. O curso que apresentou menor carga horária nesse grupo foi o de Dança do turno diurno. Sendo assim, verifica-se que a formação docente nos cursos de licenciatura da UFBA necessita de revisão para se adequar às novas exigências das Diretrizes Curriculares.
El idealismo de J. G. Fichte y la pragmática trascendental de K.O. Apel
Authors: Corsico Luciano 
Published: December 2019

En el presente artículo, mi objetivo es ofrecer un análisis de la posible comparación entre la filosofía de Fichte y la pragmática trascendental de Apel. A pesar de algunas coincidencias importantes, la comparación no resulta completamente satisfactoria. En realidad, el pensamiento de Fichte corresponde al paradigma moderno de una filosofía de la conciencia. Por consiguiente, su reflexión trascendental no pretende descubrir las condiciones intersubjetivas del discurso, sino las condiciones subjetivas del pensamiento. Según Fichte, el fundamento último de la filosofía no se encuentra en la dimensión pragmática del lenguaje o en una comunidad ideal de comunicación, sino más bien en la unidad de la autoconciencia subjetiva en el pensamiento, el conocimiento y la acción.
In this paper, my aim is to offer an approach to the possible comparison between Fichte's idealism and Apel's transcendental pragmatics. Despite some relevant similarities, the comparison of these philosophical theories is not completely satisfactory. Indeed, Fichte's thought corresponds to the modern paradigm of a philosophy of consciousness. Therefore, his transcendental reflection does not intend to discover the intersubjective conditions of discourse, but the subjective conditions of thought. According to Fichte, the ultimate foundation of philosophy cannot be found in the pragmatic dimension of language or ideal community of communication, but in the unity of subjective self-awareness in thinking, knowledge and action.
La argumentación y el humor desde la ética del discurso
Authors: Siurana Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo me concentro en el hecho de la argumentación en Karl-Otto Apel, para intentar comprender, según este autor, en qué consiste, por qué es tan importante para la fundamentación de la ética y qué significa argumentar racionalmente. A partir de ahí camino con Apel más allá de Apel mostrando la importancia de incorporar la dimensión del humor para que la argumentación realmente avance hacia la verdad y la justicia.
In this paper I concentrate on the fact of arguing in Karl-Otto Apel, to try to understand, according to this author, what it is, why it is so important for the foundation of ethics and what it means to argue rationally. From there I walk with Apel beyond Apel showing the importance of incorporating the dimension of humor so that the argumentation really advances towards truth and justice.
Lo incondicional en la pragmática trascendental de K.-O. Apel
Authors: Lana David 
Published: December 2019

Ante al auge en la segunda mitad del siglo XX de la crítica a la Modernidad, surgen en el pensamiento continental un nuevo paradigma filosófico que intenta reconstruir aquel proyecto ilustrado de forma renovada. Es la obra de K.-O. Apel y J. Habermas un exponente claro de dicho proyecto. Ambos se proponen hablar de una ética del discurso como respuesta a la necesidad de poner en valor una racionalidad universal. Sin embargo, surgen diferencias de matiz sobre la fundamentación de dicha ética. El problema de “lo incondicionado” no escapa al mismo
Front the rise in the critics of the Modernity in the second half of the 20th century, a new philosofical approach appears, in the continental thinking. This approach tryes to reconstruct the enlighted project in a new way. The works of K.-O. Apel and J. Habermas are clears exponents of this project. Both authors try to propose a discursive ethics as a response to the need of putting in value an universal rationality. However, there are important differences on the foundations on their proposals. The problem about “the unconditioned” is an example of those differences.
Recuerdos de conversaciones con K.-O. Apel
Authors: Hösle Vittorio 
Published: December 2019

Estas páginas son un pequeño homenaje a Karl-Otto Apel. Desde el recuerdo de nuestros encuentros, pretendo hacer una aproximación a su persona, tanto desde el punto de vista intelectual, como -sobre todo- desde una perspectiva humana y personal.
These pages are a small tribute to Karl-Otto Apel. From the memory of our encounters, I intend to make an approximation to his person, both from the intellectual point of view and -above all- from a human and personal perspective.
Hillary-Hating
Authors: Blackett Emma 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAS A POLITICIAN WHO BECAME FAMOUS FOR BEING ANOTHER POLITICIAN’S WIFE, HILLARY CLINTON HAS LONG BEEN A LIGHTNING ROD FOR AMERICAN FEARS (AND HOPES) ABOUT THE STATE OF GENDER. ALTHOUGH MOST COMMENTATORS AGREE THAT SHE HAS BEEN HATED UBIQUITOUSLY SINCE 1992, SCHOLARSHIP ON HILLARY-HATING ALMOST ALWAYS CONSIDERS IT A MALE IMPULSE. THIS PAPER ASKS WHY RIGHT-WING AMERICAN FEMINISTS HATE HILLARY CLINTON. THE AUTHOR STUDIED “WOMEN FOR TRUMP” FACEBOOK PAGES, FOCUSING ON MEMES THAT PRESENT THE PRO-CHOICE CLINTON AS A MONSTROUS (ANTI-)MOTHER. HATRED OF CLINTON IS NOT PRODUCED BY ‘REASONABLE’ PUBLIC DEBATE, THIS PAPER ARGUES; MORE IMPORTANT ARE THE POTENT AFFECTIVE CHARGES CLINTON’S IMAGE CARRIES. A ‘MEMETIC’ ANALYSIS IS USED TO LOOK AT THE AFFECTIVE OBJECT-NESS OF CLINTON’S IMAGE: WHERE IT TRAVELS, WITH WHAT IMPETUS, AND WHAT RESPONSES IT PROVOKES. AFFECT PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN BOTH SHARING MEMES ONLINE AND THE WORKINGS OF MISOGYNY AND RACISM IN RIGHT-WING WOMEN’S PURSUIT OF THE AMERICAN DREAM.
Equal Access or Empowerment?
Authors: Sol Sofia Lindström 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
THE CONCEPT OF CULTURAL PARTICIPATION IS SELDOM DEFINED IN POLICY BUT CARRIES A POSITIVE CONNOTATION. THE AIM OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO UNDERSTAND HOW PARTICIPATION IS MADE MEANINGFUL BY POLICY STAKEHOLDERS, EXEMPLIFIED BY A SWEDISH MUNICIPALITY, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION DIRECTED TOWARDS TWO CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS WORKING TO ENHANCE YOUNG PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION. THE ANALYSIS CONSIDERED LEVELS OF INTEREST IN PARTICIPATION, FROM THE POLICY LEVEL, MANAGERIAL LEVEL AND CIVIL SERVANT LEVEL. THE ANALYSIS FOUND THE MEANING OF PARTICIPATION SHIFTED FROM A FOCUS ON EQUAL ACCESS TO EMPOWERING YOUNG PEOPLE AS A MARGINALISED GROUP, MIRRORING THEORIES OF A SHIFT FROM A CULTURAL DEMOCRATISATION PARADIGM TO A CULTURAL DEMOCRACY PARADIGM IN CULTURAL POLICY. THE CIVIL SERVANTS SHARED AN UNDERSTANDING THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO DISTRIBUTE POWER FROM ADULTS TO YOUNG PEOPLE, BUT THE OVERLAP OF THE TWO PARADIGMS IN THE GOAL OF ACHIEVING PARTICIPATION RESULTED IN TENSIONS AND PARADOXES REGARDING THE ISSUE OF NEGOTIATING POWER.
Evaluation of human-papillomavirus screening for cervical cancer in China’s rural population
Authors: Li Ling , Zheng Ziwen , Li Longyu 
Published: December 2019

Background and Objective
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has become a preferred cervical cancer screening. However, most HPV infections are harmless and additional tests are required to screen HPV positive women. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal triage strategies for HPV positive women in China’s rural population.

Methods
A population-based screening was performed at seven rural counties of Jiangxi province, between October 2014 to January 2016. A total of 18,000 women aged 35–64 years were enrolled in this study. The primary screening was performed using CareHPV, HC-2, Cobas ®4,800 or HybriMax. Positive women were further screened with five triage tests: (1) Liquid-based cytology test (LBC); (2) conventional Pap cytology test (Pap smear); (3) HPV16, 18 detection; (4) viral load; and (5) visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine (VIA/VILI). Women who were tested positive were referred for colposcopy. The five triage tests were compared with respect to sensitivity, specificity, referral rate, cost and diagnostic time.

Results
Complete data were available for 17,782 women. The HPV prevalence was 13.6%. Referral rates for colposcopy were 4.5%, 2.8%, 2.8%, 6.6%, and 3.7% with LBC, Pap smear, HPV16/18, viral load, and VIA/VILI, respectively. The sensitivity of the above triage tests was 65.8%, 51.9%, 86.8%, 73.3%, and 41.7%, respectively. The specificity was 69.8%, 81.0%, 85.8%, 52.2% and 65.3%, respectively. The average time to diagnosis was significantly lower with HPV16/18, viral load and VIA/VILI than LBC and Pap smear. In addition, screening cost that leads to identify one HSIL+ woman was the lowest with viral load.

Conclusion
Our data indicate that HPV16/18 and viral load are the optimal triage strategies for HPV screening in China’s rural population.
Interstitial Lung Disease Associated With Cetuximab in Patients With Head and Neck Carcinoma: A Single-Institution Experience in Japan
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Tsukahara Kiyoaki , Okamoto Isaku , Takase Soichiro , Tokashiki Kunihiko , Ueda Yuri , Hattori Kazuhiro , Agata Ayumi , Shimizu Akira 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
This study retrospectively analyzed the risk of interstitial lung disease with cetuximab using risk factors known to be associated with interstitial lung disease during administration of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).

Summary of background data:
Cetuximab is an inhibitor of EGFR commonly used for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Interstitial lung disease is a rare but serious adverse event of cetuximab. EGFR-TKIs are molecularly targeted drugs resembling cetuximab and show increased risk of interstitial lung disease associated with positive smoking history, age &gt;55 years, preexisting lung disorder, and poor performance status.

Methods:
Among 44 patients treated with cetuximab for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck between March 2013 and April 2015 at Tokyo Medical University, 6 patients developed interstitial lung disease. Smoking history, age, preexisting lung disorder, and performance status were examined for these 6 patients.

Results:
Two of these 6 patients died due to interstitial lung disease. All patients with interstitial lung disease were &gt;55 years old and had a history of smoking. Three patients with interstitial lung disease had a preexisting lung disorder. Performance status was 0 in 4 patients and 1 in 2 patients.

Conclusions:
Age &gt;55 years, smoking history, and preexisting lung disease may represent risk factors for interstitial lung disease during cetuximab treatment for head and neck carcinoma, whereas performance status may not.
Variation of annual apparent survival and detection rates with age, year and individual identity in male Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) from long‐term mark‐recapture data
Authors: Brusa Jamie L. , Rotella Jay J. , Garrott Robert A. , Paterson J. Terrill , Link William A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExploring age‐ and sex‐specific survival rates provides insight regarding population behavior and life‐history trait evolution. However, our understanding of how age‐specific patterns of survival, including actuarial senescence, compare between the sexes remains inadequate. Using 36 years of mark‐recapture data for 7,516 male Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) born in Erebus Bay, Antarctica, we estimated age‐specific annual survival rates using a hierarchical model for mark‐recapture data in a Bayesian framework. Our male survival estimates were moderate for pups and yearlings, highest for 2‐year‐olds, and gradually declined with age thereafter such that the oldest animals observed had the lowest rates of any age. Reports of senescence in other wildlife populations of species with similar longevity occurred at older ages than those presented here. When compared to recently published estimates for reproductive Weddell seal females, we found that peak survival rates were similar (males: 0.94, 95% CI = 0.92–0.96; females: 0.92, 95% CI = 0.93–0.95), but survival rates at older ages were lower in males. Age‐specific male Weddell seal survival rates varied across years and individuals, with greater variation occurring across years. Similar studies on a broad range of species are needed to contextualize these results for a better understanding of the variation in senescence patterns between the sexes of the same species, but our study adds information for a marine mammal species to a research topic dominated by avian and ungulate species.
The long non‐coding RNA DANCR regulates the inflammatory phenotype of breast cancer cells and promotes breast cancer progression via EZH2‐dependent suppression of SOCS3 transcription
Authors: Zhang Ke‐Jing , Tan Xiao‐Lang , Guo Lei 
Published: December 2019

Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we focused on the clinical relevance, biological effects, and molecular mechanisms of the lncRNA differentiation antagonizing non‐protein coding RNA (DANCR) in breast cancer. We compared the expression of DANCR between breast cancer and normal tissues, and between breast cancer cell lines and normal breast epithelial cells using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis. By knocking down and overexpressing DANCR, we assessed its significance in regulating viability (MTT assay), migration/invasion (Transwell assay), epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (western blot), stemness (mammosphere formation assay and western blot), and production of inflammatory cytokines (qRT‐PCR and ELISA) of breast cancer cells in vitro, as well as xenograft growth in vivo. Furthermore, using ChIP and RNA immunoprecipitation, we examined the reciprocal regulation between DANCR and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in breast cancer. DANCR was significantly up‐regulated in tissue samples from patients with breast cancer, as well as in breast cancer cell lines, as compared with normal tissues and breast epithelial cells, respectively. The highest DANCR expression levels were associated with advanced tumor grades or lymph node metastasis. DANCR was necessary and sufficient to control multiple malignant phenotypes of breast cancer cells in vitro and xenograft growth in vivo. Mechanistically, DANCR promoted the binding of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) to the promoter of SOCS3, thereby epigenetically inhibiting SOCS3 expression. Functionally, SOCS3 up‐regulation or EZH2 inhibition could rescue multiple malignant phenotypes induced by DANCR. Our data indicate that DANCR is a pleiotropic oncogenic lncRNA in breast cancer. Boosting SOCS3 expression may reverse the oncogenic activities of DANCR and thus provide a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
Ovid'sMetamorphoses: Changing Worlds
Authors: Liveley Genevieve 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNearly 2000 years before Goethe welcomed a break with national literature and the dawn of a new epoch of world literature, the Roman poet Ovid was already claiming such status for his epic work,Metamorphoses. Ovid begins and ends his poem with programmatic declarations concerning its global significance and reach, marking theMetamorphosesas a work of world literatureavant le lettre. But we are also invited to question the wider implications of this, and to consider what is at stake when the city of Rome (urbs) becomes synonymous with the world (orbis), when world history and world stories become synonymous with Roman history and Roman stories.