bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced cognitive demodulation with artificial intelligence
Authors: Ren Hang , Shin Sang-Hee , Lucyszyn Stepan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe low-cost ‘THz Torch’ wireless link technology is still in its infancy. Until very recently, inherent limitations with available hardware has resulted in a modest operational figure of merit performance (Range $$\times$$
×
Bit Rate). However, a breakthrough was reported here by the authors, with the introduction of ‘Cognitive Demodulation’. This bypassed the thermal time constant constraints normally associated with both the thermal emitter and sensor; allowing step-change increases in both Range and Bit Rate with direct electronic modulation. This paper concentrates on advancements to the bit error rate (BER) performance. Here, separate techniques are introduced to the demodulation software that, when combined, result in enhanced Cognitive Demodulation. A factor of more than 100 improvement in BER was demonstrated within the laboratory and approximately a 60-fold improvement in a non-laboratory environment; both at the maximum Range and Bit Rate of 2 m and 125 bps, respectively, demonstrated recently. Moreover, demodulation speed is increased by almost a factor of 10,000; allowing for real-time demodulation while easing future computational hardware requirements. In addition to these software advancements, the paper demonstrates important improvements in hardware that has brought the technology out of the laboratory, with field trials being performed within an office corridor.
Non-contact monitoring of the depth temperature profile for medical laser scanning technologies
Authors: Kosir Jure , Vella Daniele , Jezersek Matija 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMedical treatments such as high-intensity focused ultrasound, hyperthermic laser lipolysis or radiofrequency are employed as a minimally invasive alternatives for targeted tissue therapies. The increased temperature of the tissue triggers various thermal effects and leads to an unavoidable damage. As targeted tissues are generally located below the surface, various approaches are utilized to prevent skin layers from overheating and irreparable thermal damages. These procedures are often accompanied by cooling systems and protective layers accounting for a non-trivial detection of the subsurface temperature peak. Here, we show a temperature peak estimation method based on infrared thermography recording of the surface temperature evolution coupled with a thermal-diffusion-based model and a time-dependent data matching algorithm. The performance of the newly developed method was further showcased by employing hyperthermic laser lipolysis on an ex-vivo porcine fat tissue. Deviations of the estimated peak temperature remained below 1 °C, as validated by simultaneous measurement of depth temperature field within the tissue. Reconstruction of the depth profile shows a good reproducibility of the real temperature distribution with a small deviation of the peak temperature position. A thermal camera in combination with the time-dependent matching bears the scope for non-contact monitoring of the depth temperature profile as fast as 30 s. The latest demand for miniaturization of thermal cameras provides the possibility to embed the model in portable thermal scanners or medical laser technologies for improving safety and efficiency.
ROCK inhibitors beneficially alter the spatial configuration of TGFβ2-treated 3D organoids from a human trabecular meshwork (HTM)
Authors: Ota Chiaki , Ida Yosuke , Ohguro Hiroshi , Hikage Fumihito 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo elucidate molecular pharmacology of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase inhibitors (ROCK-i, Ripasudil and Y27632) on their efficiency for aqueous outflow, 2D or 3D cultures of a human trabecular meshwork (HTM) were prepared in the presence of TGFβ2. Those were examined by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER, 2D), electronic microscopy (EM, 2D and 3D), expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen1 (COL1), COL4 and COL6, and fibronectin (FN) by immunolabeling and/or quantitative PCR (3D), and solidity of 3D organoids by a micro-squeezer. TGFβ2 significantly increased the TEER values in 2D cultures, and the ECM expression indicated that the 3D organoids assumed a more densely packed shape. ROCK-i greatly reduced the TGFβ2-induced enhancement of TEER and the immunolabeled ECM expression of the 3D organoids. In contrast, the mRNA expression of COL1 was increased, and those of COL4 and FN were unchanged. EM revealed that TGFβ2 caused the HTM cells to become more compact and abundant ECM deposits within the 3D organoids were observed. These were significantly inhibited by ROCK-i. The dense solids caused by the presence of TGFβ2 were significantly suppressed by ROCK-i. Current study indicates that ROCK-i cause beneficial effects toward the spatial configuration of TGFβ2-induced HTM 3D organoids.
Chronic exposure to TNF reprograms cell signaling pathways in fibroblast-like synoviocytes by establishing long-term inflammatory memory
Authors: Gangishetti Umesh , Ramirez-Perez Sergio , Jones Kyle , Arif Abul , Drissi Hicham , Bhattaram Pallavi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Chronic inflammation induces transcriptomic and epigenetic modifications that imparts a persistent catabolic phenotype to the FLS, despite their dissociation from the inflammatory environment. We analyzed high throughput gene expression and chromatin accessibility data from human and mouse FLS from our and other studies available on public repositories, with the goal of identifying the persistently reprogrammed signaling pathways driven by chronic inflammation. We found that the gene expression changes induced by short-term tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) treatment were largely sustained in the FLS exposed to chronic inflammation. These changes that included both activation and repression of gene expression, were accompanied by the remodeling of chromatin accessibility. The sustained activated genes (SAGs) included established pro-inflammatory signaling components known to act at multiple levels of NF-kappaB, STAT and AP-1 signaling cascades. Interestingly, the sustained repressed genes (SRGs) included critical mediators and targets of the BMP signaling pathway. We thus identified sustained repression of BMP signaling as a unique constituent of the long-term inflammatory memory induced by chronic inflammation. We postulate that simultaneous targeting of these activated and repressed signaling pathways may be necessary to combat RA persistence.
Two-dimensional Talbot effect of the optical vortices and their spatial evolution
Authors: Ikonnikov Denis A. , Myslivets Sergey A. , Volochaev Mikhail N. , Arkhipkin Vasily G. , Vyunishev Andrey M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report on the experimental and theoretical study of the near-field diffraction of optical vortices (OVs) at a two-dimensional diffraction grating. The Talbot effect for the optical vortices in the visible range is experimentally observed and the respective Talbot carpets for the optical vortices are experimentally obtained for the first time. It is shown that the spatial configuration of the light field behind the grating represents a complex three-dimensional lattice of beamlet-like optical vortices. A unit cell of the OV lattice is reconstructed using the experimental data and the spatial evolution of the beamlet intensity and phase singularities of the optical vortices is demonstrated. In addition, theself-healingeffect for the optical vortices, which consists in flattening of the central dip in the annular intensity distribution, i.e., restoring the image of the object plane predicted earlier is observed. The calculated results agree well with the experimental ones. The results obtained can be used to create and optimize the 3D OV lattices for a wide range of application areas.
Portable device for presbyopia correction with optoelectronic lenses driven by pupil response
Authors: Mompeán Juan , Aragón Juan L. , Artal Pablo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel portable device has been developed and built to dynamically, and automatically, correct presbyopia by means of a couple of opto-electronics lenses driven by pupil tracking. The system is completely portable providing with a high range of defocus correction up to 10 D. The glasses are controlled and powered by a smartphone. To achieve a truly real-time response, image processing algorithms have been implemented in OpenCL and ran on the GPU of the smartphone. To validate the system, different visual experiments were carried out in presbyopic subjects. Visual acuity was maintained nearly constant for a range of distances from 5 m to 20 cm.
A dissymmetric [Gd2] coordination molecular dimer hosting six addressable spin qubits
Authors: Luis Fernando , Alonso Pablo J. , Roubeau Olivier , Velasco Verónica , Zueco David , Aguilà David , Martínez Jesús I. , Barrios Leoní A. , Aromí Guillem 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArtificial magnetic molecules can host several spin qubits, which could then implement small-scale algorithms. In order to become of practical use, such molecular spin processors need to increase the available computational space and warrant universal operations. Here, we design, synthesize and fully characterize dissymetric molecular dimers hosting either one or two Gadolinium(III) ions. The strong sensitivity of Gadolinium magnetic anisotropy to its local coordination gives rise to different zero-field splittings at each metal site. As a result, the [LaGd] and [GdLu] complexes provide realizations of distinct spin qudits with eight unequally spaced levels. In the [Gd2] dimer, these properties are combined with a Gd-Gd magnetic interaction, sufficiently strong to lift all level degeneracies, yet sufficiently weak to keep all levels within an experimentally accessible energy window. The spin Hamiltonian of this dimer allows a complete set of operations to act as a 64-dimensional all-electron spin qudit, or, equivalently, as six addressable qubits. Electron paramagnetic resonance experiments show that resonant transitions between different spin states can be coherently controlled, with coherence times TM of the order of 1 µs limited by hyperfine interactions. Coordination complexes with embedded quantum functionalities are promising building blocks for quantum computation and simulation hybrid platforms.
Cerebral Imaging in Patients with COVID-19 and Neurological Symptoms: First Experience from two University Hospitals in Northern Germany
Authors: Jensen-Kondering Ulf , Neumann Alexander , Margraf Nils G. , Gövert Felix , Brüggemann Norbert , Schunk Domagoj , Bahmer Thomas , Schramm Peter , Schreiber Stefan , Jansen Olav 
Published: November 2020

Purpose To describe findings on cerebral imaging in patients with COVID-19 and neurological symptoms at two German university hospitals.
Materials and Methods Patients with COVID-19 and neurological symptoms and cerebral imaging (CT or MRI) were included. A chart review regarding neurological symptoms, COVID-19 and imaging findings was conducted.
Results 12 patients (4 females, age 68 ± 12 years) could be included. Three patients had acute findings. Two patients had acute and subacute cerebral ischemia, one patient had additional intracranial hemorrhages and presumed central pontine myelinolysis. One patient had presumed COVID-19-associated pansinusitis.
Conclusion Findings on cerebral imaging in patients with COVID-19 are uncommon and nonspecific. However, cerebral ischemia is regularly encountered and patients should be evaluated for stroke symptoms.
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Citation Format
A Novel Way of Standardization of ICG Lymphangiography Reporting
Authors: Chandrappa Ashok Basur , Batth Ritu , Vasudevan Srikanth , N. Anantheswar Yellambalase , Sreekumar Dinkar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphangiography is being increasingly employed to assess the severity of lymphedema, locate the areas of patent linear lymphatics and dermal backflow and plan treatment. This study suggests a novel method of reporting ICG findings in extremities to enable easy understanding among surgeons and physiotherapists and avoid repeat testing when a patient visits a disparate lymphedema center or clinician.
Methods A reporting protocol was developed in the lymphedema clinic of the plastic surgery department, and patients were asked to bring along the report in every subsequent review. The ICG findings were recorded on the fluorescence imaging system as well. The report was prepared by one and analyzed by two different clinicians without repeating the test on 10 consecutive patients.
Results The interrater reliability of findings in the report was found to be 98.7% among the three clinicians.
Conclusion The reporting system was found to be illustratable and reproducible
Noninvasive Cardiac Output Monitoring Using Electrical Cardiometry and Outcomes in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Sumbel Lydia , Annamalai Muthiah R. , Wats Aanchal , Salameh Mohammed , Agarwal Arpit , Bhalala Utpal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCardiac output (CO) measurement is an important element of hemodynamic assessment in critically ill children and existing methods are difficult and/or inaccurate. There is insufficient literature regarding CO as measured by noninvasive electrical cardiometry (EC) as a predictor of outcomes in critically ill children. We conducted a retrospective chart review in children <21 years, admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between July 2018 and November 2018 with acute respiratory failure and/or shock and who were monitored with EC (ICON monitor). We collected demographic information, data on CO measurements with EC and with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and data on ventilator days, PICU and hospital days, inotrope score, and mortality. We analyzed the data using Chi-square and multiple linear regression analysis. Among 327 recordings of CO as measured by EC in 61 critically ill children, the initial, nadir, and median CO (L/min; median [interquartile range (IQR)]) were 3.4 (1.15, 5.6), 2.39 (0.63, 4.4), and 2.74 (1.03, 5.2), respectively. Low CO as measured with EC did not correlate well with TTE (p = 0.9). Both nadir and mean CO predicted ventilator days (p = 0.05 and 0.01, respectively), and nadir CO was correlated with peak inotrope score (correlation coefficient of –0.3). In our cohort of critically ill children with respiratory failure and/or shock, CO measured with EC did not correlate with TTE. Both nadir and median CO measured with EC predicted outcomes in critically ill children.
Tibial Apophyseal Percutaneous Pinning in Skeletally Immature Dogs: 25 Cases (2016–2019)
Authors: von Pfeil Dirsko J.F. , Megliolia Sara , Malek Sarah , Rochat Mark , Glassman Mathieu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to report the clinical experience with fluoroscopically guided tibial apophyseal percutaneous pinning (TAPP) for tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures (TTAF).
Study Design This is a retrospective case series.
Materials and Methods Medical records of skeletally immature dogs (n = 25) were reviewed. The association of pin design [smooth (SP); negatively threaded (NTP)], pin insertion angles, TTAF-type, age and breed with various outcome variables was statistically evaluated. Long-term follow-up was assessed via direct examination, radiographs, questionnaires and videos.
Results Mean age, weight and surgery times were 6.2 months, 9.6 kg and 21 minutes respectively. No major complications occurred among the 19 SP and 6 NTP; no pin broke. Seromas and patellar desmitis rates were higher with SP (11/19; 16/19) versus NTP (0/6; 2/6) (p = 0.02; 0.03). The median horizontal pin cross angles for cases without and with desmitis were 40 and 26 degrees respectively (p = 0.047). Explantation was needed in 5/19 SP and 0/6 NTP cases. The mean tibial plateau angle (TPA) changed significantly between initial (25.6 degrees) and follow-up (18.8 degrees) radiographs (p = 0.0002). Long-term outcome, obtained at a mean of 19.9 months, was excellent in all cases.
Conclusion Tibial apophyseal percutaneous pinning can be considered to treat TTAF. Divergent pin placement and using NTP might reduce complications. Tibial plateau angle should be monitored until skeletal maturity has been reached. Long-term outcome post TAPP can be expected to be excellent.
Livestock plants and COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Taylor Charles A. , Boulos Christopher , Almond Douglas 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health and economic crisis in which policymakers face tradeoffs between maintaining essential economic activities and mitigating disease spread. Our study suggests that, among essential industries, livestock processing poses a particular public health risk extending far beyond meatpacking companies and their employees. We estimate livestock plants to be associated with 236,000 to 310,000 COVID-19 cases (6 to 8% of total) and 4,300 to 5,200 deaths (3 to 4% of total) as of July 21. We also illustrate potential contributions of plant size, industrial concentration, plant shutdowns, and policy actions to this phenomenon. These results motivate investigation into supply chains, operating procedures, and labor relations within the meatpacking industry.
Retinol binding protein 4 primes the NLRP3 inflammasome by signaling through Toll-like receptors 2 and 4
Authors: Moraes-Vieira Pedro M. , Yore Mark M. , Sontheimer-Phelps Alexandra , Castoldi Angela , Norseen Julie , Aryal Pratik , Simonyté Sjödin Kotryna , Kahn Barbara B. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
There is a growing need for insulin-sensitizing therapies to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). In obese T2D humans, NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to insulin resistance. Serum levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) are elevated in obese, insulin-resistant humans and RBP4 SNPs that increase adipose RBP4 expression confer greater T2D risk. RBP4 levels correlate with many metabolic syndrome-related components, including cardiovascular disease. RBP4 elevation induces insulin resistance in mice by increasing proinflammatory cytokine secretion from macrophages. Reducing RBP4 in mice with dietary obesity decreases adipose inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity. Here we show RBP4 primes the NLRP3 inflammasome which plays a critical role in RBP4-induced insulin resistance. Thus, the NLRP3-RBP4 axis may provide therapeutic strategies for T2D and its comorbidities.
Event-specific interventions to minimize COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Tupper Paul , Boury Himani , Yerlanov Madi , Colijn Caroline 
Published: November 2020

Significance
We provide a simple model of COVID-19 transmission at workplaces, events, and other settings. We use data from reported single-event, short-duration outbreaks to estimate the transmission rate, number of contacts, and turnover at events. We use these to predict how many new infections are expected to occur at various events given the presence of a single infectious individual. We then determine which types of interventions will be the most effective in reducing the number of infections: reducing transmission rates (such as with masks), social distancing (reducing the number of people in contact), or bubbling (keeping contact groups small and consistent).
Enhanced detectivity of PbS quantum dots infrared photodetector by introducing the tunneling effect of PMMA
Authors: Ma Zhenzhen , Li Jiahui , Zhang Yating , Zhao Hongliang , Li Qingyan , Ma Chengqi , Yao Jianquan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With extremely high optical absorption coefficient in infrared regime, lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs)-based photodetectors are promising for diverse applications. In recent years, synthesis of materials has made great progress, but the problem of low sensitivity of quantum dots photodetector still unresolved. In this work, the introduction of a tunneling organic layer effectively address this problem. The dark current is decreased by the appropriate thickness of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) barrier layer by suppressing the spontaneous migration of ions, and the photogenerated carriers are little effected, thereby the responsivity of the device is improved. As a result, the device exhibits a high responsivity of 3.73 × 105 mA W−1 and a giant specific detectivity of 4.01 × 1013 Jones at a low voltage of −1 V under 1064 nm illumination. In the self-powered mode, the responsivity reaches a value of 157.6 mA W−1, and the detectivity up to 5.9 × 1011 Jones. The performance of the photodetectors is obviously better than most of the reported QDs photodetectors. The design of this device structure provides a new solution to the problem of low sensitivity and high leakage current of quantum dots based infrared photodetectors.
Dynamics of self-propelled particles passing a bottleneck
Authors: Mohammadi Mahdieh , Harth Kirsten , Puzyrev Dmitry , Hanselka Tina , Trittel Torsten , Stannarius Ralf 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the passage of active and passive granular particles through a bottleneck under gravitational bias. The grains are pharmaceutical capsules with spherocylindrical shapes on a vibrating table. The vibrating ground plate is slightly tilted in order to break the in-plane symmetry and to give particles a motivation to move in a preferential direction. The passage through a narrow gate with openings comparable to the grain length is studied using video imaging. Particle positions and velocities are extracted from the recorded frames. We find striking differences between the behaviour of asymmetric, active capsules and symmetric, passive ones. The active grains show an astonishingly strong dependence of the passage rates on the gate width, while for passive grains, this dependence is linear as expected. The cumulative distributions of delays between subsequent particles passing the outlet, a key parameter in egress studies, also differ substantially between active and passive grains. Tilt angle and excitation parameters have only little influence on the observed dynamic features, they merely rescale time.