bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Gradient of Sharpening Effects by Perceptual Prior across the Human Cortical Hierarchy
Authors: González-García Carlos , He Biyu J. 
Published: November 2020

Prior knowledge profoundly influences perceptual processing. Previous studies have revealed consistent suppression of predicted stimulus information in sensory areas, but how prior knowledge modulates processing higher up in the cortical hierarchy remains poorly understood. In addition, the mechanism leading to suppression of predicted sensory information remains unclear, and studies thus far have revealed a mixed pattern of results in support of either the “sharpening” or “dampening” model. Here, using 7T fMRI in humans (both sexes), we observed that prior knowledge acquired from fast, one-shot perceptual learning sharpens neural representation throughout the ventral visual stream, generating suppressed sensory responses. In contrast, the frontoparietal and default mode networks exhibit similar sharpening of content-specific neural representation, but in the context of unchanged and enhanced activity magnitudes, respectively: a pattern we refer to as “selective enhancement.” Together, these results reveal a heretofore unknown macroscopic gradient of prior knowledge's sharpening effect on neural representations across the cortical hierarchy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA fundamental question in neuroscience is how prior knowledge shapes perceptual processing. Perception is constantly informed by internal priors in the brain acquired from past experiences, but the neural mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. To date, research on this question has focused on early visual regions, reporting a consistent downregulation when predicted stimuli are encountered. Here, using a dramatic one-shot perceptual learning paradigm, we observed that prior knowledge results in sharper neural representations across the cortical hierarchy of the human brain through a gradient of mechanisms. In visual regions, neural responses tuned away from internal predictions are suppressed. In frontoparietal regions, neural activity consistent with priors is selectively enhanced. These results deepen our understanding of how prior knowledge informs perception.
Effectiveness and safety of rhIGF1 therapy in patients with or without Laron syndrome
Authors: Bang Peter , Woelfle Joachim , Perrot Valerie , Sert Caroline , Polak Michel 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The European Increlex® Growth Forum Database Registry monitors the effectiveness and safety of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF1; mecasermin, Increlex®) therapy in patients with severe primary IGF1 deficiency (SPIGFD). We present data from patients with and without a reported genetic diagnosis of Laron syndrome (LS).

Design
Ongoing, open-label, observational registry (NCT00903110).

Methods
Children and adolescents receiving rhIGF1 therapy from 10 European countries were enrolled in 2008–2017 (n = 242). The treatment-naïve/prepubertal (NPP) cohort (n = 138) was divided into subgroups based on reported genetic diagnosis of LS (n = 21) or non-LS (n = 117). Multivariate analysis of the NPP-non-LS subgroup was conducted to identify factors predictive of growth response (first-year-height standard deviation score (SDS) gain ≥ 0.3). Assessments included change in height and weight over 5 years and adverse events (AEs).

Results
Height SDS gain from baseline was greater in the NPP-LS than the NPP-non-LS subgroup after 1 years’ treatment (P < 0.05). In the NPP-non-LS subgroup, 56% were responders; young age at baseline was a positive independent predictive factor (P < 0.001). NPP-non-LS-responders and the NPP-LS subgroup had a similar mean age (6.07 years vs 7.00 years) at baseline and height SDS gain in year 1 (0.64 vs 0.70), although NPP-non-LS-responders were taller (P < 0.001) at baseline. BMI SDS changes did not differ across subgroups. Treatment-emergent AEs were experienced by 65.3% of patients; hypoglycaemia was most common.

Conclusions
In most NPP children with SPIGFD, with or without LS, rhIGF1 therapy promotes linear growth. The safety profile was consistent with previous studies.
Restoring Rural Landscape: a Case Study in Chongqing China
Authors: Shi Yongting , Tamás Anna Mária , Sztranyák Gergely 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBased on the consensus that the rural cultural landscape with regional characteristics is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of rural areas, this study explores how to use multiple means to restore the countryside with insufficient or severely damaged landscape resources and rebuild the contemporary rural landscape with regional characteristics. Combining the design of practical cases, the article proposes the use of low-tech, low-interference vernacular technology, and the integration of artistic intervention methods can more effectively restore landscape characteristics and stimulate rural development vitality.
The poetics of recorded time
Authors: Long Paul 
Published: November 2020

This article explores how the possibilities of historical thinking are particularly unimpeded across a wealth of practices circulated around and in popular music. These possibilities are expressed in and about the creative form, mediation, reception and preservation of popular music to the degree that one might speak of a rhetorical imaginary or poetics of history. Extending beyond disciplinary horizons and expectations, this poetics is productive for listening again to and with popular music as historical source and as a conduit to a broader understanding of the past. This poetics is of particular interest in light of what the article identifies as a broad ‘historical turn’ in popular music which demands reflection. In response, the article seeks to explore the way in which recordings work as source, in, of and from history to prompt discussion around the historiographical consciousness of popular music studies. It does this by using encounters with a recording of ‘Some of These Days’ in Sartre’s novel Nausea as an illustration of the longestablished nature of the poetics discussed in the context of new questions presented by the contemporary ‘turn’.
La decisión sobre relocalización: ¿alternativa rentable o amenaza de supervivencia? Estudio de caso empresa: muelles y frenos Rincón Ltda
Authors: Rincón Villamil Diana Marcela , Ramírez Rivera Olga Lucía , Mendez Pinzón Manuel 
Published: November 2020

<p>En el presente estudio de caso se analizará la empresa Muelles y llantas Rincón Ltda. cuya actividad principal se basa en el servicio de mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo de vehículos de carga, realizando un análisis sobre los aspectos que le impactarían la decisión que pueda tomar el gerente de la compañía al decidir sobre la ubicación actual de su empresa.</p><p>En el mes de agosto del año 2017, el señor Rincón recibe una llamada del dueño de la Bodega donde está funcionando la empresa Muelles y frenos Rincón Ltda, la cual tiene rentada, en dicha llamada se le solicita la entrega del inmueble antes del 31 de Diciembre del mismo año, bodega que estaba arrendada por el señor Rincón por más de 19 años y donde ha ejercido su actividad por el mismo tiempo, al señor Rincón esta noticia le preocupa ya que en esta bodega fue donde surgió su empresa Muelles y frenos Rincón Ltda y donde con mucho esfuerzo compro sus primeras herramientas para operar y construir así su capital. Adicionalmente le preocupa el futuro de sus trabajadores ya que son 10 familias que prácticamente dependen económicamente de la empresa.</p><p>El señor Rincon enfrenta una disyuntiva que consiste en decidir cuál va a ser el futuro de su empresa y definir la nueva ubicación y los impactos que puede traer su decisión.</p>
Comparsion of the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to porcelain fused metal crowns and metal free ceramic crowns with and without silane coupling agent- an in vitro study
Authors: Gautam Choudhary Dip , Dmello Kuldeep , Pawar Rahul , Singh Bhupendra , Sharma Shreya 
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to porcelain fused metal crowns and metal free ceramic crowns with and without silane coupling agent. 40 metal free zirconia crowns and 40 PFM crowns were fabricated with glazed surfaces according to the manufacturer’s instructions for the study purpose. The samples were divided in two groups A and B and each group was subdivided into two subgroups (A1, A2) and (B1, B2) Twenty metal free ceramic crowns were etched with 9% buffered HF acid gel for 2 minutes, thoroughly washed and air dried. Relyx ceramic primer (silane coupling agent) was applied to the treated surface.20 porcelain fused metal crowns were etched with 9% buffered HF acid gel for 2 minutes, thoroughly washed and air dried. Relyx ceramic primer (silane coupling agent) was applied to the treated surfaceThe shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to porcelain fused metal crowns and metal free ceramic crowns with and without silane coupling agent. ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey’s test (HSD) tests were used for statistical analysis. The result showed that group B1 demonstrate the maximum shear bond strength among all groups which is 9%HF +Relyx ceramic primer application on porcelain fused metal crowns (10.27+1.31Mpa) and has highly significant value. Whereas lowest shear bond strength belongs to group B2which is 9%HF and primer is not applied (5.4+0.73 MPa). Hence it can be concluded that Relyx ceramic primer is more aooropriate choice for bonding orthodontic metal brackets on PFM and zirconia surfaces with conventional bonding system.
To evaluate stress patterns in the periodontal ligament of maxillary molars when intruded with a mousetrap appliance: A FEM study
Authors: Shah Shahindah 
Published: November 2020

Mousetrap appliance is an effective treatment modality for anterior open bite that utilizes implants inserted into the anterior palate and brings about open bite correction by intruding the maxillary molars. This is a finite element study that assesses the stress contours around maxillary molars and in the periodontal ligament of the maxillary molars when they are intruded by a mousetrap appliance.A finite element model of the maxilla and the mousetrap appliance made of 288332 elements and 64771 nodes was generated using software tools like MIMICS and HYPERMESH. A simulated force of 100 grams was applied to the maxillary molar through the appliance and the stress contours were assessed. Maximum tensile stress was observed at furcation region of the PDL and was around 4.49e-3 MPa (0.00449MPa) whereas maximum Von-Mises stress was observed at cervical region on both the lingual and buccal side which was around 2.06e-2MPa (0.0206MPa). It is therefore concluded that the mousetrap appliance which exerts a force within the range of recommended force for molar intrusion generates stress contours around the maxillary molar and in the periodontal ligament of the maxillary molar.
Forsus fixed functional appliance therapy for dentoalveolar and profile correction- A case report
Authors: Rodrigues Lishoy , Jawale Bhushan , M Keluskar K , Patil Sameer , Belludi Anup 
Published: November 2020

Class II malocclusion is one of the most common problems around the globe affecting around one-third of the patients who come for orthodontic treatment Management of class II malocclusion in adolescent patients by growth modulation is one of the most debated topics in orthodontics. Noncompliance has been a major concern for orthodontists. This case report describes the management of class II malocclusion in an 18 year old female patient using “Forsus” fixed functional appliance system to correct her class II malocclusion. The patient was well beyond her growing years, hence the fixed functional appliance bought more of dento-alveolar changes rather than much of skeletal changes. This appliance has several advantages, as it is an operator handled device and the patient cannot remove it. It acts on the teeth and jaws for 24 hours a day, patient compliance is not a problem, and hence treatment duration is shorter. The profile changes and treatment results were demonstrated. This case report illustrates that, fixed functional appliances have a significant role in the management of class II malocclusion by not only promoting growth modulation, but also encouraging dento-alveolar changes once growth has completed. Both growth modulation and dento-alveolar correction minimizes the necessity of extraction of permanent teeth and probably orthognathic surgery. With proper case selection and good patient cooperation, we can obtain a significant result with the Forsus Fixed appliance.Fixed functional appliances have a significant role in the management of class II malocclusion. It eliminates the massive compliance needed in removable fixed appliance therapy. Nonetheless, the growth modulation minimizes the necessity of extraction of permanent teeth and probably orthognathic surgery.
SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and proteomic biomarker trajectory inform prognostication in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care
Authors: Mayr Manuel , Gutmann Clemens , Takov Kaloyan , Burnap Sean , Singh Bhawana , Theofilatos Konstantinos , Reed Ella , Hasman Maria , Nabeebaccus Adam , Fish Matthew , McPhail Mark , O'Gallagher Kevin , Schmidt Lukas , Cassel Christian , Rienks Marieke , Yin Xiaoke , Auzinger Georg , Napoli Salvatore , Mujib Salma , Trovato Francesca , Sanderson Barnaby , Merrick Blair , Niazi Umar , Saqi Mansoor , Dimitrakopoulou Konstantina , Braun Silke , Kronstein-Wiedemann Romy , Doores Katie , Edgeworth Jonathan , Shah Ajay , Bornstein Stefan , Tonn Torsten , Hayday Adrian , Shankar-Hari Manu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Prognostic characteristics inform risk stratification in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We obtained blood samples (n = 474) from hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n = 123), non-COVID-19 ICU sepsis patients (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 30). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected in plasma or serum (RNAemia) of COVID-19 ICU patients when neutralizing antibody response was low. RNAemia was associated with higher 28-day ICU mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.84 [95% CI, 1.22–2.77] adjusted for age and sex). In longitudinal comparisons, COVID-19 ICU patients had a distinct proteomic trajectory associated with RNAemia and mortality. Among COVID-19-enriched proteins, galectin-3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) and proteins of the complement system were identified as interaction partners of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Finally, machine learning identified ‘Age, RNAemia’ and ‘Age, pentraxin-3 (PTX3)’ as the best binary signatures associated with 28-day ICU mortality.
Relevance between Helicobacter pylori infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Bai minority region, Southwestern China
Authors: Yan Ping , Yu Bocheng , Li Min , Zhao Weidong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective

The association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains a matter of debate. We conducted this study to evaluate whether H. pylori infection is a major risk factor for NAFLD.
Methods

A total of 1185 individuals who received health check-ups from January 2017 to June 2019 were studied. Data of each subject who underwent 13C-urea breath, abdominal ultrasound, neck vascular color doppler ultrasound, and had a complete set of serum biochemical results was collected from the hospital information system. Participants were allocated to NAFLD group and non-NAFLD group based on abdominal color ultrasound for NAFLD. The baseline characteristics and serum biochemical results were compared. Logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify risk factors for NAFLD. Logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors was performed to investigate the association between H. pylori infection and NAFLD.
Results

Compared to subjects without NAFLD(n = 656), those with NAFLD (n = 529) were more likely to be older, with higher weight, SBP, DBP, higher levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, FPG, AST and ALT, but with lower levels of HDL-C (all P values < 0.05). The levels of ALT, AST, BMI, FPG, TG, and DBP were independent risk factors for NAFLD (all P values < 0.05). Additionally, H. pylori was also an independent risk factor for NAFLD (OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.02–1.79, P = 0.036). TC and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive group (n = 464) than that of in H. pylori-negative group (n = 721) (all P values < 0.05).
Conclusions

H. pylori infection is a key risk factor for NAFLD, and serum lipid metabolic dysfunction can be observed in the subjects with H. pylori, suggesting the potential role of H. pylori infection in the progression of NAFLD.
Identification of Autism Risk Genes in a Chinese Cohort via Whole-Exome Sequencing with the Joint Calling Analysis
Authors: Yuan Bo , Cheng Peipei , Zhang Ran , Du Yasong , Qiu Zilong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions and repetitive behaviors. Although hundreds of ASD risk genes, implicated in synaptic formation, transcriptional regulation, and chromatin remodeling, have been identified, the genetic analysis on east Asian ASD cohorts in the whole-geome or whole-exome level is still limited(1-5). Here we performed whole-exome sequencing on 168 ASD probands with their unaffected parents of Chinese origin. We applied a joint calling analytical pipeline based on GATK best practices and identified numerous de novo variants including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertion or deletions (INDELs). By querying the Simons foundation autism research initiative (SFARI) gene database, we found that there were potential novel ASD risk genes in East Asian cohorts, which did not exist in European American populations. Furthermore, our analysis pipeline identified de novo copy number variations (CNVs) of known ASD-related gene based on a sufficiently large sample size, validated by quantitative PCR. Our work indicated that there may be differences in potential ASD genetic components existing across different geographical populations, suggesting that genomic analysis over large cohorts are required for each population in order to precisely identify ASD risk genes.
Ethnic Disparities in Presentation, Management and Outcome of Testicular Cancer
Authors: Low Li Sian , Nair Shiva , Holmes Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The incidence rate of testicular cancer in New Zealand (NZ) is one of the highest in the world. Compared to other ethnic groups in NZ, Maori have been reported as having the highest incidence and cancer specific mortality. We aim to investigate whether disparities in presentation and management of the disease exist between European and Maori males within a large tertiary referral centre in NZ. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed from January 2009 to July 2019. Ethnicity was self-defined. Tumour characteristics and mortality data were recorded. Time from onset of symptoms to surgical treatment was measured. Exclusion criteria were paratesticular tumour and non-Maori and non-European ethnicity.Results: 113 patients underwent radical orchidectomy within the time period. Maori had a significantly higher risk of developing testicular cancer compared to Europeans (RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.47 – 3.24, p =0.01). There were no significant differences in cancer specific or overall survival. The mean time duration between symptom onset and first specialist assessment (FSA) was 189 days for Maori and 128 days for European (p=0.12). Once FSA is done, there was no difference in time to operating theatre. However, Maori were less likely to attend follow up appointments (87% vs 98%, p =0.02). Conclusion: Maori males are more likely to develop testicular cancer in this study. Although no difference in cancer specific survival was seen, there was a large difference in time from symptom onset to referral to specialist review and the probability of attending follow up appointments.
The First Case of Reactive Arthritis Associated with SARS-CoV-2-Infection in A 4-Year Old Child
Authors: Werner Stephanie Gabriele , Langer Hans-Eckhard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and its associated disease COVID‐19 (Corona Virus Disease 19) has become a worldwide pandemic since its first cases in December 2019 in Wuhan Province in China. In Germany the pandemic started in February 2020.Case presentation: A 4 year old boy was presented and suffered from pain in the right hip. Arthrosonography demonstrated a significant effusion in the involved joint. The extended history revealed a slight but long lasting cold before. Serological findings were inconspicuous except for positive ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) - test for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: In conclusion we believe that we can report the first case of reactive arthritis associated with SARS-CoV-2 in children.
A Novel Method for Screening the Effective Compatibility Fractions of Naomaitong for the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Using Support Vector Machine Model
Authors: Yu Huanzheng , Liu Qiu , Zheng Huiting , Xian Minghua , Liang Shengwang , Wang Shumei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Screening the fractions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) medications effective against a disease without affecting their compatibility is a major challenge. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to establish a novel methodology for screening the bioactive fractions of Naomaitong (NMT) utilizing the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. Methods: The extract of NMT was separated into 21 fractions using macroporous resin. The different combinations of elution fractions were selected using the Plackett-Burman method and used as an input value for SVM. Infarct size in the rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the content of selected compounds measured by HPLC were used as output vectors of the SVM training set. Based on the SVM target model, the optimal combination of elution fractions was predicted and verified in the rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results: The effective compatibility of NMT was screened by SVM simulation: all elution fractions of rhubarb, 30%, 60%, and 95% ethanol elution fractions of ginseng, and 30% and 60% ethanol elution fractions of puerarin and chuanxiong. The optimization of compatibility fractions of NMT was found to have the same protective efficacy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Conclusions: The performed analysis established a novel SVM-based method for screening the compatibility fractions of NMT effective against cerebral ischemic stroke injury. The results provide a new methodology for the optimization of the compatibility of TCM compounds and the discovery of effective components.