bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
824 Burn Strong Initiative: A Burn Center’s Response to Fire Department Needs
Authors: Sabatino Brent , Salinas Reuben , Lam Loc H , Cancio Leopoldo C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The purpose of this project is to enhance burn education, both inside and outside the Burn Center. The project was motivated by a perceived gap in burn education for the city’s Fire Department (FD). Here, we describe the progress made in closing this gap. In a combined effort between both institutions, a partnership has been developed to help new paramedic firefighters and existing firefighters understand the burn-care process and improve patient outcomes. Since its inception in August 2018, the Burn Strong Initiative has had 3 focuses: 1) train burn center personnel; 2) train FD personnel; and 3) conduct further community outreach.

Methods
Aim 1 – Burn Center Staff Training. To improve our clinical skills and to enhance our ability to serve as educators in the community, we committed to achieving Advanced Burn Life Support (ABLS) certification for &gt; 90% of our Burn Center clinical staff. Aim 2 – Firefighter Training. The city requested that we develop and implement a new 2-hour Thermal Injury Update class delivered weekly for a total of 36 weeks to EMTs and paramedics, starting January 2018 thru December 2019. Aim 3 – FD Medical Staff Training. The city requested that the Burn Center provide an ABLS course for the FD’s physician staff.

Results
Aim 1 – To date, we trained 104 Burn Center staff in ABLS, 22 of whom became ABLS instructors. Aim 2 – Burn Strong has completed 28 Thermal Injury Update classes for 615 FD paramedics. There are 10 classes remaining through the end of this year. Total paramedics to be trained is expected to be &gt; 1000. The paramedics receiving 2 CEUs for this course. Aim 3 – We trained 19 FD physicians in ABLS, 4 of whom have become ABLS instructors. We trained an additional 15 personnel at our Regional Advisory Council conference.

Conclusions
This training effort has better prepared us to treat these complex patients, and has become the initial point of entry into an immersive partnership between the burn center and the city FD. Training firefighters requires ongoing commitment and an understanding of the pre-hospital environment. We plan to continue and expand our partnership with the city and the region to improve burn care.

Applicability of Research to Practice
This project demonstrates how burn center personnel, through training tailored to local requirements, can collaborate with their FD, improve burn care, and build strong partnerships.
836 Custom Fabricated Open Anterior Ankle Foot Orthosis to Promote Early Mobility with Lower Extremity Grafts
Authors: LePage Lisa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Distal lower extremity STSG’s present a challenge with the balance of early mobility and immobilization of the ankle. Traditional commercially available ambulation boots or pre-fabricated orthotics may impose circumferential compression endangering graft integrity. Custom fabricated posterior AFO’s comprised of thermoplastic, scotch cast or fiberglass materials are not recommended for weight-bearing of the lower extremity during mobility/ambulation. What may also hinder promotion of early mobility is having a multitude of injuries or advanced age with decreased ability to adhere to a LE NWB status. An anterior approach to immobilization of the ankle was thought of to free the plantar surface of the foot for weight-bearing. The open concept of the orthosis itself minimizes direct contact with the involved LE graft. This promotes graft integrity during mobility with ankle immobilization.

Methods
Materials: Thermoplastic material, scissors, strapping, dense adhesive foam, adhesive Velcro and a heat gun. Fabrication: Measure the point of distance between where the desired proximal end of the orthosis would be to the patient’s metatarsal heads on the dorsal aspect of the foot; double it to calculate the amount of material needed. The width of the material should be approx. 3 to 4 inches. Warm material and tri-fold it together reducing width to approx. 1 ½ to 2 inches to increase stability. Shape the folded material into a continuous oval and place on the patient’s distal LE. As the material cools, shape the oval away from the medial/ lateral aspects of the distal LE restricting the points of contact to the anterior most proximal and distal aspect of the desired splint parameters. Remove once cooled and add dense adhesive foam to the 2 points of contact that will rest against the patient. This will allow for a slight area of “give” against the patient during weight-bearing of the LE/foot. Velcro and straps are added to the proximal/distal ends of the oval; heating the adhesive side will imbed the Velcro allowing increased durability with repeated donning/doffing.

Results
The open construction of this orthosis allows different degrees of weight-bearing eliminating contact with the distal LE STSG. The forefoot and heel are available to weight bear safely within the confines of the open anterior ankle foot orthosis.

Conclusions
Patients have been trialed with/without an AD with success in the achievement of ankle immobilization with mobility. Weight-bearing instructions that accompany this splint wear is foot placement rather than a normal heel strike cadence to avoid undue pressure at the proximal aspect of the splint on the lower extremity.

Applicability of Research to Practice
This splint has been successfully utilized for immobilization without compromise to STSG integrity due to the anterior open support it offers the ankle. Perhaps this concept could be applied to other joints to avoid direct contact of the splint with STSG during the initial stages of healing.
853 Microblading in Patients with Facial Burn Injuries
Authors: Brown Melissa , Turgeon Lori , Bojovic Branko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The experience of a burn injury is devastating. Physical and emotional recovery can be lengthy and often difficult. Many patients tire of constant surgical interventions required to achieve optimal functional and cosmetic outcomes. Identifying non-invasive interventions for patients with extensive facial burns that positively affect quality of life is appealing. Microblading, semi-permanent eyebrow tattooing, is one such option. Little research exists on the durability and longevity of microblading in burns, or its impact on body-image and self-esteem. The purpose of this case review is to identify possible benefits microblading may have physically and psychologically.

Methods
Case report looking at the impact of microblading on a young adult female over 18 years, who sustained a facial burn injury at age one year. Following consultation with her plastic surgeon, she was referred to a licensed body art facility to assess the viability of microblading over scar tissue. First treatment occurred at the facility in March of 2019 with a second session in May, as is standard practice. Patient photos obtained before and after procedures assessed longevity of microblading over scar tissue. Self-reported patient outcomes obtained following the procedure addressed the impact on perceived self-esteem and body-image.

Results
Photos were taken pre-treatment, directly post-treatment, 2 months, and 6 months post-treatment. Comparisons of photos immediately post treatment to those 6 months out showed appearance of tattooing remains the same. Eyebrows did not fade with time and continue to hold the same color and shape. Assessment of psychological impact was conducted through patient interview and self-report. Patient reported satisfaction with the procedure and cosmetic appearance following initial treatment. Over time, patient noted feeling more positive about body image and improvement in self-esteem.

Conclusions
Eyebrows are a critically important part of facial expression, which can be lost following a devastating facial burn. Initial data demonstrate the effectiveness of tattooing in recreating the appearance and function of eyebrows over scar tissue. Over time, the eyebrows maintained color without fading and shape did not change, demonstrating durability and longevity in this patient population. Early reports of improved self-image also remained unchanged over time. Microblading presents a possible low risk, inexpensive, effective alternative to expensive or potentially ineffective cosmetic surgery. This case establishes a need for further research on efficacy of microblading over scar tissue, with the hope of incorporating it into burn reconstruction as an alternative therapy and advocate for insurance coverage for qualifying patients.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Research supports microblading as a potential non-invasive, inexpensive treatment modality for loss of eyebrows.
Thomas Carlyle, Scotland’s Migrant Philosophers, and Australasian Idealism
Authors: Jordan Alexander 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
That the great Scottish man of letters Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) exercised a formative influence over late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century ‘British Idealism’ has long been recognized by historians. Through works such as Sartor Resartus (1833–1834), Heroes and Hero-Worship (1841), Past and Present (1843), and Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850), Carlyle transmitted his ideas regarding the immanence of the divine in nature and man, the infinite character of duty, and the ethical role of the state to a generation of subsequent philosophers. The following article will extend this insight, arguing that through the agency of an array of migrant Scottish intellectuals, Carlyle’s writings made an equally significant contribution to the development of Idealism in Australia and New Zealand. In doing so, the article draws upon not only published treatises and monographs, but also speeches as reported in the local press, unpublished doctoral dissertations, and, in one notable case, archival sources. Together, these demonstrate beyond doubt the important and enduring contribution of Thomas Carlyle to Australasian Idealism.
The emergence of expanding space–time and intersecting D-branes from classical solutions in the Lorentzian type IIB matrix model
Authors: Hatakeyama Kohta , Matsumoto Akira , Nishimura Jun , Tsuchiya Asato , Yosprakob Atis 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The type IIB matrix model is a promising candidate for a nonperturbative formulation of superstring theory. As such, it is expected to explain the origin of space–time and matter at the same time. This has been partially demonstrated by the previous Monte Carlo studies on the Lorentzian version of the model, which suggested the emergence of (3+1)-dimensional expanding space–time. Here we investigate the same model by solving numerically the classical equation of motion, which is expected to be valid at late times since the action becomes large due to the expansion of space. Many solutions are obtained by the gradient descent method starting from random matrix configurations, assuming a quasi-direct-product structure for the (3+1)-dimensions and the extra 6 dimensions. We find that these solutions generally admit the emergence of expanding space–time and a block-diagonal structure in the extra dimensions, the latter being important for the emergence of intersecting D-branes. For solutions corresponding to D-branes with appropriate dimensionality, the Dirac operator is shown to acquire a zero mode in the limit of infinite matrix size.
Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus 2019 infection and preventive measures in Shenzhen China—a heavy population city
Authors: Yang Kai , Wang Lingwei , Li Furong , Chen Dandan , Li Xi , Qiu Chen , Chen Rongchang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoronavirus 2019 infection (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan, Hubei and spread to all provinces in China and other countries. Shenzhen ranked the top cities outside Wuhan with reported 416 confirmed cases by February 20, 2020. Here, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shenzhen and potential link to the preventive strategies for the whole city and inside hospitals. Based on the daily new cases, the epidemic of COVID-19 in Shenzhen can be classified into three phases: the slow increase phase from January 19 to January 28, the rapid increase and plateau phase from January 29 to February 5 and the decline phase since February 6. In the three phases, the number of patients from Hubei decreased, and the number of familial clustering cases increased. The newly diagnosed COVID-19 cases reached its peak around January 31, which was 7 days after the peak date of cases arrival at Shenzhen. A series of early preventive strategies were implemented since January 19, which included detection of body temperature at all entrances of main traffic and buildings, outpatients service specially for patients with fever in all main hospitals in Shenzhen. All the patients with fever were screened with nasal or throat swab PCR detection of coronavirus 2019, Chest CT and blood lymphocyte counting in order to find out early case of COVID-19. Observation wards were established in every main hospital and a designated hospital was responsible for admission and medical care of all confirmed cases. Protection procedure was established for all medical staff involved in the screening and care of suspected and confirmed cases. 14 days isolated observation of all subjects arrived at Shenzhen from Hubei was implemented in February 2. After the implementation of all these strategies and measures, the COVID-19 cases started to decline since February 6. There were almost no community transmission and nosocomial infection occurred in Shenzhen.In conclusion, in situation of major outbreak of respiratory infectious disease, such as COVID-19, in nearby province of Hubei, Shenzhen, a high population density, high proportion of external population and high mobility city, has to face the imported cases and risk of spreading the outbreak into Shenzhen city. The implementation of early preventive strategies and measures in Shenzhen were successful in early identification of COVID-19 cases and prevented major outbreak occurred in Shenzhen. Early identification of imported cases, prevention of family clustering transmission, preventive measures in the public area and very strict infection control procedure in hospital setting are crucial for the successful control of outbreak in Shenzhen.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Medical Treatment of Chinese Children with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) : A Multicenter Cross-section Study in the Context of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern
Authors: Zhang Gaofu , Yang Haiping , Zhang Aihua , Shen Qian , Wang Li , Li Zhijuan , Li Yuhong , Zhao Lijun , Du Yue , Sun Liangzhong , Zhao Bo , Zhu Hongtao , Fu Haidong , Li Xiaoyan , Gao Xiaojie , Hao Sheng , Ding Juanjuan , Chen Zongwen , Xu Zhiquan , Liu Xiaorong , Wu Daoqi , Gao Mingsi , Wang Mo , Li Qiu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the medical advice seeking of Chinese children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and MethodsAn anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted in 17 pediatric nephropathy diagnosis and treatment centers in China. The questions collected basic information on the patients and their parents and data on changes in the approach to medical treatment and their needs in the context of the outbreak etc. This is a Multicenter Cross-section Study.ResultsA total of 735 valid questionnaires were collected. 555 patients (75.5%) and their parents said that the outbreak had a significant influence on their medical treatment: 264 patients (47.6%) said that it would be delayed by 2 to 4 weeks and 199 patients (35.9%) by 4 to 8 weeks. 510 patients (84.16%) hoped to get in touch with specialists through online consultation, and 528 patients (84.5%) hoped that online consultation could be implemented and that medication could be delivered to them.. A total of 458 patients (62.3%) said that their greatest concern was that the CKD would be aggravated or that they would experience a relapse; only 203 patients were infected by 2019-nCoV. A total of 313 patients (42.5%) experienced anxiety and thus required the intervention of psychologists.ConclusionThe COVID-19 outbreak has affected the medical treatment of children with CKD. Online consultation, medication delivery and psychological counselling are the greatest needs reported by patients and their families and could especially provide solutions for the management of low income children with CKD in remote rural areas in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic.Strengths and limitations of this studyThe study is a Multicenter Cross-section Study in the Context of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.The study can well explore the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the medical treatment of CKD children in China and the needs of current patients.The study explored ways to meet the medical needs of CKD children in the context of a public health emergency of international concern, which provides a method support for all countries in the world experiencing COVID-19 outbreak.The study is an exploration of the coping strategies for CKD management in China.The limitations of this study is that it is quite simple and descriptive, and many studies need to be further carried out.
A Sensory Memory to Preserve Visual Representations Across Eye Movements
Authors: Akbarian Amir , Niknam Kaiser , Clark Kelsey , Noudoost Behrad , Nategh Neda 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYDuring eye movements, the continuous flow of visual information is frequently disrupted due to abrupt changes of the retinal image, yet our perception of the visual world is uninterrupted. In order to identify the neuronal response components necessary for the integration of perception across eye movements, we developed a computational model to trace the changes in the visuospatial sensitivity of neurons in the extrastriate cortex of macaque monkeys with high temporal precision. Employing the model, we examined the perceptual implications of these changes and found that by maintaining a memory of the visual scene, extrastriate neurons produce an uninterrupted representation of the visual world. These results reveal how our brain exploits available information to maintain the sense of vision in the absence of visual information.
Treating symptomatic infections and the co-evolution of virulence and drug resistance
Authors: Alizon Samuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial therapeutic treatments are by definition applied after the onset of symptoms, which tend to correlate with infection severity. Using mathematical epidemiology models, I explore how this link affects the coevolutionary dynamics between the virulence of an infection, measured via host mortality rate, and its susceptibility to chemotherapy. I show that unless resistance pre-exists in the population, drug-resistant infections are initially more virulent than drug-sensitive ones. As the epidemic unfolds, virulence is more counter-selected in drug-sensitive than in drug-resistant infections. This difference decreases over time and, eventually, the exact shape of genetic trade-offs govern long-term evolutionary dynamics. Using adaptive dynamics, I show that two types of evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) may be reached in the context of this simple model and that, depending on the parameter values, an ESS may only be locally stable. In general, the more the treatment rate increases with virulence, the lower the ESS value. Overall, both on the short-term and long-term, having treatment rate depend on infection virulence tend to favour less virulent strains in drug-sensitive infections. These results highlight the importance of the feedbacks between epidemiology, public health policies and parasite evolution, and have implications for the monitoring of virulence evolution.
GeneMates: an R package for Detecting Horizontal Gene Co-transfer between Bacteria Using Gene-gene Associations Controlled for Population Structure
Authors: Wan Yu , Wick Ryan R. , Zobel Justin , Ingle Danielle J. , Inouye Michael , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria has been a global threat to public health for decades. A well-known driving force for the emergence, evolution and dissemination of genetic AMR determinants in bacterial populations is horizontal gene transfer, which is frequently mediated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Some MGEs can capture, maintain, and rearrange multiple AMR genes in a donor bacterium before moving them into recipients, giving rise to a phenomenon called horizontal gene co-transfer (HGcoT). This physical linkage or co-localisation between mobile AMR genes is of particular concern because it facilitates rapid dissemination of multidrug resistance within and across bacterial populations, providing opportunities for co-selection of AMR genes and limiting our therapeutic options. The study of HGcoT can be benefited from large-scale whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, however, by far most published studies of HGcoT only consider simple co-occurrence measures, which can be confounded by strong bacterial population structure due to clonal reproduction, leading to spurious associations. To address this issue, we present GeneMates, an R package implementing a network approach to identification of HGcoT using WGS data. The package enables users to test for associations between presence-absence of bacterial genes using univariate linear mixed models controlling for population structure based on core-genome variation. Furthermore, when physical distances between genes of interest are measurable in bacterial genomes, users can evaluate distance consistency to further support their inference of putative horizontally co-transferred genes, whose co-occurrence cannot be completely explained by the population structure. We demonstrate how this package can be used to identify co-transferred AMR genes and recover known MGEs fromEscherichia coliandSalmonellaTyphimurium WGS data. GeneMates is accessible atgithub.com/wanyuac/GeneMates.
Poly dispersed acid-functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes target activated T and B cells to suppress GVHD in mouse model
Authors: Mia Md. Babu , Saxena Rajiv K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGraft versus host disease (GVHD) results from hyper-activation of transplanted lymphocytes against the host antigens. Bone marrow transplantation in humans as well as some cases of blood transfusion and organ transplantation are associated with a strong GVH reaction resulting in GVHD that in many cases may be fatal. We had previously shown that poly-dispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) specifically target activated T and B lymphocytes and kill them. In the present study, efficacy of AF-SWCNTs to suppress the GVH reaction was tested in the mouse model. Acute GVHD was induced in mice by administering intravenously 30 or 60 million spleen cells from a parental strain (C57bl/6 mouse, MHC haplotype H-2b) to host (C57bl/6 × Balb/c) F1 mice (MHC haplotype H-2b/d) and waiting for 8-10 days. Chronic GVHD was similarly induced by administration of 30 million parent spleen cells to F1 mice and waiting for a period of 60 days. Our results demonstrate a marked decline in splenomegaly and recovery of spleen T (both CD4 and CD8) and B cells in GVHD mice treated with AF-SWCNTs. AF-SWCNTs treatment also limited T and B cell proliferation by restricting S-phage of cell cycle. Generation of anti-host cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) was also markedly suppressed by AF-SWCNT treatment of acute GVHD mice, and a significant reduction in the generation of anti-host antibodies could also be demonstrated. Taken together, our results suggest that the AF-SWCNTs can be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for treating GVHD.