bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results From a Survey of American Geriatrics Society Members' Views on Physician‐Assisted Suicide
Authors: Rosenberg Lisa J. , Butler Jorie M. , Caprio Anthony J. , Rhodes Ramona L. , Braun Ursula K. , Vitale Caroline A. , Telonidis Jacqueline , Periyakoil Vyjeyanthi S. , Farrell Timothy W. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUNDPhysician‐assisted suicide (PAS) is a controversial practice, currently legal in nine states and the District of Columbia. No prior study explores the views of the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) membership on PAS.DESIGNWe surveyed 1488 randomly selected AGS members via email.PARTICIPANTSA total of 369 AGS members completed the survey (24.8% response rate).ANALYSISWe conducted bivariate correlation analyses of beliefs related to support for PAS. We also conducted qualitative analysis of open‐ended responses.RESULTSThere was no consensus regarding the acceptability of PAS, with 47% supporting and 52% opposing this practice. PAS being legal in the respondent's state, belief that respect for autonomy alone is sufficient to justify PAS, and intent to prescribe or support requests for PAS if legal in state of practice all correlated with support for PAS. There was no consensus on whether the AGS should oppose, support, or adopt a neutral stance on PAS. Most respondents believed that PAS is more complex among patients with low health literacy, low English proficiency, disability, dependency, or frailty. Most respondents supported mandatory palliative care consultation and independent assessments from two physicians. Themes identified from qualitative analysis include role of the medical profession, uncertainty of the role of professional organizations, potential unintended consequences, autonomy, and ethical and moral considerations.CONCLUSIONThere was no consensus among respondents regarding the acceptability of PAS. Respondents expressed concern about vulnerable older populations and the need for safeguards when responding to requests for PAS. Ethical, legal, and policy discussions regarding PAS should consider vulnerable populations. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:23–30, 2019
The impact of home enteral feeding on the daily lives of people with head and neck cancer: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Thomas A. , Sowerbutts A. M. , Burden S. T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHome enteral feeding (HEF) may have a wider impact on peoples' daily lives beyond influencing their nutritional and clinical status. This metasynthesis aimed to determine the impact of HEF on peoples' daily lives.MethodsQualitative studies were included with adults, who had been diagnosed with head and neck cancer and had finished their cancer treatment, with a feeding tube in place. Medline, PubMed and Cinahl were searched (August 2009 to August 2019). Thematic synthesis was conducted to interpret findings from the included studies. The ‘Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research’ (GRADE‐CERQual) approach was used to assess the level of confidence associated with each review finding.ResultsSeven qualitative studies met the eligibility criteria. Four overarching themes were identified. ‘Loss of life as they once knew it’ encompassed loss of normality. ‘Developing personal coping strategies works towards restoring a sense of normality’ encapsulated active adjustment and acceptance of the feeding tube. ‘Navigating the hurdles when transitioning back to eating’ comprised the trials and tribulations of returning to oral intake. Overall, participants recognised that they could not have managed without the feeding tube and this is encapsulated in ‘Feeding tube valued’.ConclusionsIn many cases, initial feelings of change and loss as a result of HEF were replaced with empowerment, adaptation and acceptance following a period of adjustment. Despite the challenges associated with HEF, participants acknowledged its purpose as being functional, as well as reassuring. Future research should explore barriers and facilitators to self‐management and patient empowerment amongst those receiving HEF.
The constitutive activity of melanocortin‐4 receptors in cAMP pathway is allosterically modulated by zinc and copper ions
Authors: Link Reet , Veiksina Santa , Tahk Maris‐Johanna , Laasfeld Tõnis , Paiste Päärn , Kopanchuk Sergei , Rinken Ago 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMelanocortin‐4 receptors (MC4R) are unique among G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) as they have endogenous ligands that can exhibit inverse agonistic properties in the case of elevated basal activity. It is known that the constitutive activity of GPCRs strongly affects the ligand‐dependent physiological responses, but little is known about these regulatory mechanisms. Since several metal ions have been shown to be important modulators of the signal transduction of GPCRs, we hypothesized that metal ions regulate the basal activity of MC4Rs. Implementation of a fluorescence anisotropy assay and novel redshifted fluorescent peptides enabled kinetic characterization of ligand binding to MC4R expressed on budded baculoviruses. We show that Ca2+ is required for high‐affinity ligand binding, but Zn2+ and Cu2+ in the presence of Ca2+ behave as negative allosteric modulators of ligand binding to MC4R. FRET‐based cAMP biosensor was used to measure the activation of MC4R stably expressed in CHO‐K1 cells. At low micromolar concentrations, Zn2+ caused MC4R‐dependent activation of the cAMP pathway, whereas Cu2+ reduced the activity of MC4R even below the basal level. These findings indicate that at physiologically relevant concentrations can Zn2+ and Cu2+ function as MC4R agonists or inverse agonists, respectively. This means that depending on the level of constitutive activity induced by Zn2+ ions, the pharmacological effect of orthosteric ligands of MC4R can be switched from a partial to an inverse agonist.Open Science Badges

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Level of function mobility scale for nurse‐driven early mobilisation in people with acute cardiovascular disease
Authors: Dima Diana , Valiquette Julie , Berube‐Dufour Joelle , Goldfarb Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are currently no validated tools that are reliable and easy to use for nurses to assess mobility in people with acute cardiovascular disease in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (CICU).MethodsA multidisciplinary team at an academic tertiary care centre developed the Level of Function (LOF) Mobility Scale for use in a nurse‐driven early progressive mobilisation in the CICU. To determine inter‐rater reliability, the prehospital and admission LOF were assessed independently by two CICU nurses. Pairwise comparisons between raters were evaluated using Cohen's kappa statistic. To determine convergence validity, the LOF and Activity Measure for Post‐Acute Care 6‐Clicks score upon admission were compared with Spearman's correlation. To determine feasibility, a 9‐item mobility scale questionnaire was distributed to CICU nurses with and without experience using the LOF Mobility Scale. The STROBE reporting guidelines were used.ResultsThe LOF Mobility Scale had good inter‐rater reliability for assessment of LOF prior to hospitalisation (N = 131, kappa = 0.66,p < .001) and at the time of CICU admission (N = 131, kappa = 0.71,p < .001). There was a moderate correlation (N = 79 observations; correlation coefficient = 0.525;p < .01) between the bedside nurses LOF and the 6‐Clicks score. All nurses surveyed (N = 54; 100%) thought that the LOF Mobility Scale was clear and unambiguous, the LOFs were well‐defined and the scale was an appropriate length. Nearly all of the nurses with experience using the scale (N = 22/24; 92%) felt that the scale took less than one minute to complete, compared with about half (N = 14/30; 47%) in the group of nurses without experience using the scale.ConclusionThe LOF Mobility Scale is reliable and feasible for mobility assessment in a nurse‐driven early progressive mobilisation programme in patients with acute cardiovascular disease in the CICU.Relevance to clinical practiceA nurse‐driven EM programme can be implemented in the CICU.
Clarity, confidence and complexity: Learning from mental health nurses' experiences of events involving physiological deterioration of consumers in acute inpatient mental health settings
Authors: Brunero Scott , Everett Bronwyn , Ramjan Lucie M. , Salamonson Yenna , Steel Kelly , Johnson Alisha Maree , Stokes Malcolm , Langdon Rachel , Dickens Geoffrey L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectiveTo capture the experiences of nurses in relation to the acutely physiologically deteriorating consumer.BackgroundImproving the physical health care of consumers with mental illness has been widely adopted as a priority for mental health nursing. Much of the effort thus far has focused on routine screening, prevention and treatment of common comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and cancer. There has been less focus on the acutely physiologically deteriorating consumer in the mental health setting. Further study is warranted since this issue poses a set of highly complex challenges for nurses within the inpatient setting.MethodAn exploratory, descriptive study was employed using focus groups to gather narrative data, which was then subject to qualitative analysis. Eleven mental health inpatient wards within a local health district in Sydney, Australia, were studied, comprising ward‐based nurses (n = 64) and nurse unit managers (n = 8). This paper follows the COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative health research.ResultsQualitative data analysis revealed three themes central to the nurses' experience: (a) lack of clarity (subthemes: procedures and leadership accountability); (b) confidence in the workforce (subthemes: knowledge and skills, training needs, relevant experience, collaboration with emergency and medical teams, stigmatising attitudes); and (c) complexity (subthemes: complexity as the new norm and suitability of the mental health environment).ConclusionThe themes found in this study can be used to guide and inform healthcare policy, protocols, education and processes around building a more confident nurse workforce for the acutely physiologically deteriorating consumer.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings provide a rich data set for the generation of measurement tools and protocols to guide physical health care and evaluate performance.
Distraction‐based relief of pain associated with peripheral intravenous catheterisation in adults: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Basak Tulay , Duman Senem , Demirtas Ayla 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of methods of distraction to relieve pain associated with the peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC) insertion procedure, thus improving patient satisfaction. Specifically, we examined such effect by playing 3D videos with virtual reality goggles and showing pictures to the patient containing distractive optical illusions.BackgroundIn the literature, although the efficacy of various pharmacological methods for reducing pain associated with the insertion of PIC has been evaluated in adults, studies on nonpharmacological methods are limited.MethodsThe research was conducted with a randomised controlled single‐blind experimental study. The sample consisted of 120 patients. While nothing is applied to the control group, cards containing distractive optical illusion pictures and playing 3D videos with VR goggles during PIC insertion is applied for distraction groups. The data collection form consisted of items that measured the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and a visual analog scale. The CONSORT checklist was followed in reporting this study. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. No. NCT03945929.ResultsThe mean pain level was 4.72 ± 3.15 in the control group and 3.41 ± 2.81 in the distraction groups and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p = .02). When the mean satisfaction level between the groups was compared, it was found to be 5.12 ± 3.41 in the control group and 8.07 ± 2.67 in the groups undergoing distraction methods. The difference between them was statistically significant (p = .01).ConclusionsThis study found that the use of cards containing distractive optical illusion pictures and playing 3D videos with VR goggles during PIC insertion in adult patients were both effective.Relevance to clinical practiceThese distraction methods may be used to reduce pain due to PIC insertion in nonurgent and less urgent adult patients in the emergency department.
Connectivity within the default mode network mediates the association between chronotype and sleep quality
Authors: Tian Yun , Chen Xinyuan , Xu Dan , Yu Jing , Lei Xu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA late chronotype is associated with poor sleep quality, but the fundamental neural mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. Eyes‐open resting‐state functional MRI scans were obtained from 87 participants after extended wakefulness, and four subregions of the default mode network were extracted and analysed. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the functional connectivity between the precuneus and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly correlated both with sleep quality and circadian preference of the participants. Mediation analysis found that the precuneus–mPFC link fully mediated the correlation between chronotype and sleep quality. We concluded that increased neural communication in the midline cores of the default mode network (DMN) may be responsible for the poor sleep quality of late chronotypes. As late chronotypes exhibit vulnerability to many mental disorders, our results can be used to refine pathophysiological models and provide therapy for such psychological disorders.
Reduced dynamic functional connectivity between salience and executive brain networks in insomnia disorder
Authors: Wei Yishul , Leerssen Jeanne , Wassing Rick , Stoffers Diederick , Perrier Joy , Van Someren Eus J. W. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryResearch into insomnia disorder has pointed to large‐scale brain network dysfunctions. Dynamic functional connectivity is instrumental to cognitive functions but has not been investigated in insomnia disorder. This study assessed between‐network functional connectivity strength and variability in patients with insomnia disorder as compared with matched controls without sleep complaints. Twelve‐minute resting‐state functional magnetic resonance images and T1‐weighed images were acquired in 65 people diagnosed with insomnia disorder (21–69 years, 48 female) and 65 matched controls without sleep complaints (22–70 years, 42 female). Pairwise correlations between the activity time series of 14 resting‐state networks and temporal variability of the correlations were compared between cases and controls. After false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons, people with insomnia disorder and controls did not differ significantly in terms of mean between‐network functional connectivity strength; people with insomnia disorder did, however, show less functional connectivity variability between the anterior salience network and the left executive‐control network. The finding suggests less flexible interactions between the networks during the resting state in people with insomnia disorder.
Genomic prediction and variance component estimation for carcass fat content in rainbow trout using SNP markers
Authors: Hu Guo , Gu Wei , Cheng Lei , Wang Bingqian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpecific locus amplified fragment sequencing‐based genotyping was performed in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss with 385 individuals from a freshwater breeding program in China to develop genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Genomic prediction and variance component estimation were carried out for carcass fat content using genomic‐relatedness‐based best linear unbiased predictor (GBLUP) and genomic‐relatedness‐based restricted maximum likelihood methods. The 10‐fold cross‐validation analysis results showed that the genetic model including both additive and dominance effects had the best accuracy, and the observed predictive ability of the GBLUP estimates was 0.455 ± 0.050. Using this model to analyze the full data set of 385 individuals, the additive genomic heritability of carcass fat content was = 0.623 ± 0.175 with a negligible dominance effect. Our results suggested that the carcass fat content was mainly controlled by additive alleles. Thus, selective breeding could be performed based on the additive GBLUP values, and the methodology of genomic selection provides a reliable and feasible approach for optimizing carcass fat content of rainbow trout.
Impact of HSD17B13 rs72613567 genotype on hepatic decompensation and mortality in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Scheiner Bernhard , Stättermayer Albert F. , Schwabl Philipp , Bucsics Theresa , Paternostro Rafael , Bauer David , Simbrunner Benedikt , Schmidt Ralf , Marculescu Rodrig , Ferlitsch Arnulf , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus , Pinter Mathias , Trauner Michael , Reiberger Thomas , Ferenci Peter , Mandorfer Mattias 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsThe loss‐of‐function rs72613567 T > TA‐variant in the 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) gene might protect from alcoholic and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD/NAFLD) and associated fibrosis/cirrhosis. We investigated the impact of the T > TA‐variant on hepatic decompensation and mortality and investigated its implications on retinol and sex steroid metabolism in patients who had already developed advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD).MethodsRetrospective analysis in prospectively characterized patients with viral hepatitis‐ and ALD/NAFLD‐induced portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) ≥ 6 mmHg) diagnosed at the Medical University of Vienna.ResultsAmong 487 patients who were followed longitudinally, 166 (34%) were heterozygous and 24 (5%) were homozygous for the ‘protective’ TA‐allele. Patients harbouring at least one TA‐allele had a lower MELD (9 (8‐12) vs 10 (8‐13) points; P = .003) and showed a trend towards lower HVPG (16 ± 6 vs 17 ± 7 mmHg; P = .067). Interestingly, in competing risk analyses adjusted for age, HVPG and MELD, harbouring the TA‐allele was associated with numerically increased risks for mortality (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (aSHR): 1.3 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.888‐1.91); P = .18), liver‐related death (aSHR: 1.34 (95% CI: 0.9‐1.98); P = .15) and hepatic decompensation (aSHR: 1.29 (95% CI: 0.945‐1.77); P = .11). This might be explained by trends towards worse outcomes (eg liver‐related death: aSHR: 1.64 (95% CI: 0.95‐2.84); P = .076) in patients with viral hepatitis‐induced ACLD. In a cross‐sectional analysis of 211 additional patients, serum retinol levels were comparable between HSD17B13 genotypes, but in males, serum testosterone levels numerically decreased with an increasing number of TA‐alleles.ConclusionIn patients with viral hepatitis‐ and ALD‐induced portal hypertension, the T > TA‐variant was not protective of hepatic decompensation and mortality. Further studies should investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of HSD17B13 genotype at different stages of liver disease.
The stationary phase regulator CpcR activates cry gene expression in non‐sporulating cells of Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Zhang Ruibin , Slamti Leyla , Tong Lei , Verplaetse Emilie , Ma Lixia , Lemy Christelle , Peng Qi , Guo Shuyuan , Zhang Jie , Song Fuping , Lereclus Didier 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCell differentiation within an isogenic population allows the specialisation of subpopulations and a division of labour. Bacillus thuringiensis is a spore‐forming bacterium that produces insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry proteins) in sporulating cells. We recently reported that strain B. thuringiensis LM1212 presents the unique ability to differentiate into two subpopulations during the stationary phase: spore‐formers and crystal‐producers. Here, we characterised the transcriptional regulator CpcR responsible for this differentiation and the expression of the cry genes. cpcR is located on a plasmid that also harbours cry genes. The alignment of LM1212 cry gene promoters revealed the presence of a conserved DNA sequence upstream from the −35 region. This presumed CpcR box was also found in the promoter of cpcR and we showed that cpcR transcription is positively autoregulated. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested that CpcR directly controls the transcription of its target genes by binding to the CpcR box. We showed that CpcR was able to direct the production of a crystal consisting of a heterologous insecticidal Cry protein in non‐sporulating cells of a typical B. thuringiensis kurstaki strain. Moreover, the expression of cpcR induced a reduction in the sporulation of this B. thuringiensis strain, suggesting an interaction between CpcR and the sporulation regulatory networks.
Comparing the learning effects of debriefing modalities for the care of premature infants
Authors: Lee Myung‐Nam , Kim Shin‐Jeong , Kang Kyung‐Ah , Kim Sunghee 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the learning effects of debriefing methods used in the simulation of prematurity care by measuring: (i) academic self‐efficacy; (ii) confidence in performance; (iii) self‐assessed communication skills; and (iv) satisfaction. We employed a quasi‐experimental design with three experimental groups that experienced instructor‐directed, self‐directed, and video‐assisted, self‐directed debriefing, respectively. Participants were 146 senior nursing students from three nursing schools. To compare learning effects, the same developed scenario for prematurity care was applied to all three groups. Significant differences were observed in the mean scores for the study variables among the three groups. The post‐hoc analysis showed that the video‐assisted, self‐directed debriefing group obtained the highest mean score difference for confidence in performance, self‐assessed communication skills, and satisfaction with the debriefing method. Thus, video‐assisted, self‐directed debriefing could be the most effective debriefing method for students.
Chronic ingestion of deoxynivalenol‐contaminated diet dose‐dependently decreases the area of myenteric neurons and gliocytes of rats
Authors: Rissato Débora Furlan , de Santi Rampazzo Ana Paula , Borges Stephanie Carvalho , Sousa Fernando Carlos , Busso Cleverson , Buttow Nilza Cristina , Natali Maria Raquel Marçal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDeoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp., is commonly found in cereals ingested by humans and animals. Its ingestion is correlated with hepatic, hematologic, renal, splenic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and neural damages, according to dose, duration of exposure and species. In this work, the effects of the ingestion of DON‐contaminated diet at concentrations considered tolerable for human and animal intake were assessed.MethodsMale Wistar rats aging 21 days were allotted to five groups that were given, for 42 days, diets contaminated with different concentrations of DON (0, 0.2, 0.75, 1.75, and 2 mg kg−1 of chow). Food ingestion, bodyweight, oxidative status and morphometric analyses of gliocytes, and neurons of jejunal myenteric ganglia were recorded.Key ResultsAt these concentrations, there was no food rejection, decrease in bodyweight gain, changes in oxidative status, or loss of either neurons or gliocytes. However, DON decreased gliocyte area, general neuronal population, nitrergic, cholinergic and NADH‐diaphorase positive subpopulations and, as a result, ganglion area.Conclusions & InferencesIt was concluded that, even in the absence of visible effect, DON exposure reduces cell body area of gliocytes and neurons of the myenteric plexus of the rat jejunum.