bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of respiration and sleep during polysomnography in individuals with TBI
Authors: Lu William , Cantor Joshua , Aurora R. Nisha , Nguyen Michael , Ashman Teresa , Spielman Lisa , Ambrose Anne , Krellman Jason W. , Gordon Wayne 
Published: December 2019

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is commonly found in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may exacerbate TBI-related symptoms. Nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) is considered the gold standard for detecting the presence of sleep apnea. However, there is a limitation with its use known as the “first-night effect” (aberrant polysomnography findings on the first night in a sleep lab). Objective: The primary objectives were to investigate the night-to-night consistency of diagnosing and classifying obstructive sleep apnea in individuals with TBI, and ascertain if individuals with TBI are prone to a first-night effect. Methods: 47 community-dwelling adults with self-reported mild-to-severe TBI underwent two nights of in-laboratory NPSG to examine variability between the first and second night with regards to OSA diagnosis and severity as well as sleep architecture. Results: OSA detection and severity were consistent from night-to-night in 89% of participants with TBI. Participants with TBI demonstrated longer REM latency on the first night compared to the second night of sleep study. Conclusions: These findings indicate that two nights of in-laboratory NPSG are generally consistent in reliably diagnosing OSA in individuals with TBI and that first-night effects are minimal. One night of NPSG has diagnostic utility in the evaluation of sleep disorders in individuals with TBI.
Relationship between postural alignment in sitting by photogrammetry and seated postural control in post-stroke subjects
Authors: Iyengar Y.R. , Vijayakumar K. , Abraham J.M. , Misri Z.K. , Suresh B.V. , Unnikrishnan B. 
Published: December 2019

Background & objective: This study was executed to find out correlation between postural alignment in sitting measured through photogrammetry and postural control in sitting following stroke. Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling consisting of 45 subjects with acute and sub-acute stroke. Postural alignment in sitting was measured through photogrammetry and relevant angles were obtained through software MB Ruler (version 5.0). Seated postural control was measured through Function in Sitting Test (FIST). Correlation was obtained using Spearman's Rank Correlation co-efficient in SPSS software (version 17.0). Results: Moderate positive correlation (r = 0.385; p < 0.01) was found between angle of lordosis and angle between acromion, lateral epicondyle and point between radius and ulna. Strong negative correlation (r = −0.435; p < 0.01) was found between cranio-vertebral angle and kyphosis. FIST showed moderate positive correlation (r = 0.3446; p < 0.05) with cranio-vertebral angle and strong positive correlation (r = 0.4336; p < 0.01) with Brunnstrom's stage of recovery in upper extremity. Conclusion: Degree of forward head posture in sitting correlates directly with seated postural control and inversely with degree of kyphosis in sitting post-stroke. Postural control in sitting post-stroke is directly related with Brunnstrom's stage of recovery in affected upper extremity in sitting.
Does additional exercise improve trunk function recovery in stroke patients? A meta-analysis
Authors: Sorinola I.O. , Powis I. , White C.M. 
Published: December 2019

Background: The restoration of trunk function following stroke is a key component of rehabilitation, however there is limited evidence of the efficacy of additional trunk training. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of trunk exercises added to conventional rehabilitation on functional outcomes. Methods: Relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs), published up to July 2012, evaluating the effect of the addition of trunk exercises to conventional rehabilitation on functional outcomes were identified in Medline, Cinahl, Embase, Pubmed, PEDro, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Findings were summarised across studies as mean or standardised mean differences (MD or SMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Six RCTs with 155 participants and a mean PEDro score of 6.5 (range 6 to 8) were included. Data from two to five studies were pooled in meta-analyses that showed a moderate, non-significant effect of additional trunk exercise on trunk performance, (SMD = 0.50; 95% CI −0.25, 1.25; P = 0.19); large effects on standing balance, SMD = 0.72 (95% CI −0.01, 1.45 P = 0.05); and walking ability, (SMD = 0.81; 95% CI 0.30, 1.33. P = 0.002) and a small, non-significant effect, MD = 10.03 (95% CI −15.70, 35.75. P = 0.44) on functional independence. Conclusions: There is moderate evidence that the addition of specific trunk exercise to conventional early stroke rehabilitation significantly improve standing balance and mobility after stroke; however the evidence was weak for the effect of additional trunk exercise on trunk performance and in functional independence.
EMG of the tibialis anterior demonstrates a training effect after utilization of a foot drop stimulator
Authors: Pilkar Rakesh , Yarossi Mathew , Nolan Karen J. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) applied through a foot drop stimulator (FDS) is a rehabilitation intervention that can stimulate the common peroneal nerve to provide dorsiflexion at the correct timing during gait. Objective: To determine if FES applied to the peroneal nerve during walking through a FDS would effectively retrain the electromyographic temporal activation of the tibialis anterior in individuals with stroke. Methods: Surface electromyography (EMG) were collected bilaterally from the tibialis anterior (TA) while participants (n = 4) walked with and without the FDS at baseline and 4 weeks. Comparisons were made between stimulation timing and EMG activation timing to produce a burst duration similarity index (BDSI). Results: At baseline, participants displayed variable temporal activation of the TA. At 4 weeks, TA activation during walking without the FDS more closely resembled the pre-programmed FDS timing demonstrated by an increase in BDSI scores in all participants (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Continuous use of FDS during a task specific movement can re-train the neuromuscular system. After 4 weeks of utilization the FDS trained the TA to replicate the programmed temporal activation patterns. These findings begin to establish the FDS as a rehabilitation intervention that may facilitate recovery rather than just compensate for stroke related gait impairments due to foot drop.
Satisfaction with service needs among people living with multiple sclerosis
Authors: McCabe Marita , Ebacioni Katherine J. , Simmons Rex , McDonald Elizabeth , Melton Lisa 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and can cause difficulties in a number of areas of a person’s life, including their ability to function in the community. Employment, finances, and transport are important elements to ensure continued functioning in the community and ongoing rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: This study examined satisfaction with the extent to which the above needs were addressed by service providers. METHODS: It examined the role of gender, age, and symptom severity. A total of 2721 people with MS aged 19 and 92 years ( M = 52.10, SD = 11.80) completed the study. RESULTS: Areas of need included information about eligibility for services from government and local councils, for financial assistance and understanding welfare and benefits. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that younger and mildly affected participants were least satisfied. Other areas of unmet need included transportation for the people more severely affected by MS and financial assistance to help people purchase mobility aids.
A comparison of self-generated versus taught internal strategies for working memory
Authors: Dirette Diane Powers 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Internal strategies are effective for improving working memory. These internal working memory strategies can be taught or self-generated. OBJECTIVE: This study compares working memory performance using taught versus self-generated internal working memory strategies and explores the quantity, type and carry-over of the use of these strategies. METHODS: An experimental cohort design with randomly assigned groups compared the performances among 120 participants on 5 memory tests given prior, immediately following and at 1 month post intervention. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the number or type of internal memory strategies used by the groups with chunking, repetition and association used most commonly. The group that self-generated strategies performed significantly better on a contextual memory test and the group that was taught strategies performed better on a face/name recall test for which a specific strategy was taught. The group that was taught strategies performed significantly worse on contextual memory tests from pre-test to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Participants who generated their own strategies or used a specific strategy for a specific task did as well as participants who were taught myriad internal WM strategies. Teaching too many strategies may overwhelm participants or may distract them from using the context that is available in such tasks.
Novel computer tests for identification of mental fatigue after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Johansson Birgitta , Rönnbäck Lars 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Mental fatigue is one of the most significant post-traumatic brain injury symptoms. It is currently not possible to objectively identify. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether a complex computer cognitive test with load on endurance, processing speed and attention were more demanding for participants suffering from mental fatigue after brain injury compared with a control group. METHOD: Seventy-six subjects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. All subjects with mTBI had been suffering from mental fatigue for six months or more. Mental fatigue was screened using the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS). Cognitive function was measured for information processing speed and working memory, and with a novel computer test. RESULTS: The mTBI group rated MFS significantly higher than the control group. The results revealed a significantly slower information processing speed for the mTBI subjects and a poorer performance on the working memory test. The computer test revealed a less efficient performance over time for the TBI subjects compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a less efficient performance over time in complex and demanding cognitive tasks for individuals experiencing from mental fatigue after brain injury.
Family needs after brain injury: A cross cultural study
Authors: Norup Anne , Perrin Paul B. , Cuberos-Urbano Gustavo , Anke Audny , Andelic Nada , Doyle Sarah T. , Cristina Quijano Maria , Caracuel Alfonso , Mar Dulce , Guadalupe Espinosa Jove Irma , Carlos Arango-Lasprilla Juan 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore differences by country in the importance of family needs after traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as differences in met/unmet needs. METHOD: Two hundred and seventy-one family members of an individual with TBI in Mexico, Colombia, Spain, Denmark, and Norway completed the Family Needs Questionnaire. RESULTS: Eight of the ten needs rated as most important globally were from the Health Information subscale. Importance ratings on the Health Information, Professional Support, and Involvement With Care subscales were similar across countries, but Mexican family members rated Instrumental Support needs as less important than Colombian, Spanish, and Danish family members, and also rated their Community Support needs as less important than Danish and Spanish family members. Mexican family member’s rated emotional support needs as less important than Colombian, Spanish, and Danish family members. Globally, the needs rated as most often met were from the Health Information subscale, and the most unmet needs were from the Emotional Support subscale. CONCLUSION: Despite some similarities across countries several differences were identified, and these can help professionals to provide more culturally appropriate rehabilitation services for family members in order to improve informal care for TBI.
Comprehensive Hand Repetitive Intensive Strengthening Training (CHRIST)-induced morphological changes in muscle size and associated motor improvement in a child with cerebral palsy: An experimenter-blind study
Authors: Lee Dong Ryul , You Joshua H. , Lee Nam Gi , Oh Jin Hwan , Cha You Jin 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: This case study was conducted to determine Comprehensive Hand Repetitive Intensive Strengthening Training (CHRIST)-induced morphological changes in the commonly affected extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and triceps brachii (TRI) muscle and associated muscle strength and motor performance in a child with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP) using standardized clinical tests and ultrasound imaging. Design: A single case study with pre-/post-test. Subject: A 4.9-year-old female, diagnosed with hemiparetic CP. Method: The child received a 5-week course of CHRIST course, comprising of 60-minute periods a day, five times a week. A real-time ultrasound imaging was performed to determine the CHRIST-induced changes in cross-sectional area (CSA) of the ECR and TRI. Clinical tests including the modified Wolf Motor function test (WMFT), the modified Jebsen-taylor hand function test (Jebsen hand) and the modified Pediatric Motor Activity Log (PMAL) questionnaire were used to compare the intervention-related changes in motor performance in upper extremity. Results: Ultrasound imaging data showed that the CSAs of both ECR and TRI muscles of the affected upper limb at relaxation and contraction states were enhanced and these therapy-induced morphological changes were associated with enhanced muscle strength and gross motor performance in reaching and grasping skills. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CHRIST is effective in treating muscle weakness and motor function in a child with hemiparetic CP. This is the first evidence in literature that might shed light on the therapeutic efficacy of our novel intervention on muscle size, associated muscle strength and motor improvement.
Comparison of the CIQ and chart short form in assessing community integration in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: A pilot study
Authors: Gontkovsky Samuel T. , Russum Paula , Stokic Dobrivoje S. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To examine the validity of the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) in measuring community integration in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) through its comparison with the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique Short Form (CHART-SF). Design: Correlational analysis. Setting: Tertiary care rehabilitation hospital. Participants: Twenty-eight individuals with chronic SCI who completed the CIQ and CHART-SF during annual follow-up evaluation. Main outcome measures: The CIQ quantifies community integration based on subscales of Home Integration, Social Integration, and Productive Activity. The CHART-SF provides scores of community integration according to subscales of Physical Independence, Cognitive Independence, Mobility, Occupation, Social Integration, and Economic Self-Sufficiency. Results: CIQ Home Integration was significantly correlated with CHART-SF Physical Independence, Cognitive Independence, Mobility, Occupation, and Social Integration (r’s = 0.47–0.57). CIQ Social Integration was significantly correlated with CHART-SF Cognitive Independence, Mobility, Occupation, and Social Integration (r’s = 0.43–0.77). CIQ Productive Activity was significantly correlated only with CHART-SF Mobility and Occupation (r’s = 0.39–0.41). Conclusions: The CIQ may serve as a valid measure for examining community integration in persons with chronic SCI and may be particularly appealing given its relative brevity/simplicity in administration and scoring.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the gluteus medius improves the gait of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Al-Abdulwahab Sami S. , Al-Khatrawi Wafa M. 
Published: December 2019

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the gluteus medius muscles using a surface electrode during functional walking training has never been reported as a management option to improve gait in spastic diplegic children. Purpose: This study was investigates the short and longer term effects of simultaneous continuous NMES of both hip abductors during walking on the temporal-spatial gait characteristics and hip adductor muscle tone in children with spastic diplegia caused by cerebral palsy (CP). Subjects: Three groups of subjects participated: an experimental group of twenty-one ambulant spastic diplegic children; a CP control group containing ten ambulant spastic diplegic children; and a healthy control group with twenty normal children. Method: The experimental group received three different NMES management programs. The first NMES program was designed to evaluate the immediate short-term effects of simultaneous continuous NMES of both gluteus medius muscles during walking. The second NMES program aimed to evaluate the effect of 15 minutes of simultaneous and continuous NMES of both gluteus medius muscles during walking, three sessions a day for a week. The third program was similar to the first and was designed to detect any additional changes in gait after full adaptation to NMES and completion of the second program. A dual channel stimulator with self-adhesive electrodes at the tolerable motor threshold level was used with a frequency of 20 Hz and pulse width of 50 μs. The effect of NMES programs was assessed using a three-dimensional gait analysis system and the Modified Ashworth Scale. Results: Significant improvement in the temporal-spatial parameters and hip adductor muscle tone of the experimental group (p < 0.001–0.05) was observed. Conclusion: The NMES management programs used in this study improved the gait of spastic diplegic CP children.
A novel method improving motor disturbance in Parkinson disease: Application of glycerin poultice to the flexor digitorum profundus in the middle phalanx of the little finger
Authors: Yasuda Yuzuru 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To investigate whether the application of glycerin poultice to the flexor digitorum profundus in the middle phalanx of the little finger (GFML) improves motor disturbance in Parkinson Disease (PD). Methods: Dorsiflexion of the little finger and diameter of the pupil in 22 patients with PD and 23 control subjects was evaluated before and after application of GFML. Motor disturbance in patients with PD was evaluated before and after application of GFML. Results: The application of GFML increased dorsiflexion of the little finger and constricted the pupil in all subjects, which suggests that application of GFML caused the decreased tension of the flexor digitorum profundus and lowered sympathetic nerve activity. With application of GFML, motor disturbance in patients with PD was improved. Conclusions: The application of GFML improves motor disturbance in PD which might be caused by reversing the mechanism of the muscle mechanosensitive reflex.
Pilot study of a fall risk management program for middle aged and older adults with MS
Authors: Finlayson Marcia , Peterson Elizabeth W. , Cho Chi 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To present the outcomes of a pilot study of “ Safe at Home BAASE”, a fall risk management program designed for middle-aged and older adults with multiple sclerosis. Methods: Thirty people with multiple sclerosis (mean age = 56.7 ± 7.4) started the manualized program that was delivered by an occupational therapist over six-two hour sessions. A pre/post intervention design with a set of 6 outcome tools was used to evaluate the extent to which the program increased knowledge of fall risk factors, increased knowledge and skills to manage falls and falls risk, and promoted changes in behavior to reduce personal fall risk. Results: Significant improvements were observed across all tools for participants attending ⩾ 5:6 program sessions as well as participants attending ⩽ 4 sessions, although some instruments exhibited poor internal consistency in this sample. Participants reported knowledge gains and using new fall prevention and management strategies after attending the program. Conclusion: “ Safe at Home BAASE” appears to have potential to foster changes in knowledge, skills and behavior associated with reduced personal fall risk. Practice implications: Findings suggest that additional research is needed on fall-related assessment tools for this population before a large scale controlled investigation of the intervention can be pursued.
A case report on the use of a novel optokinetic chart stimulation intervention for the restoration of voluntary movement and mobility in a patient with an acute hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Chitambira Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose: The objective of this case report is to report on the use of novel optokinetic chart stimulation to achieve recovery of affected upper limb and affected lower limb voluntary movements and full recovery of mobility in a patient with an acute hemorrhagic stroke. Method: An optokinetic chart was moved in front of the patient: from side to side, up and down and finally forwards and backwards. Specific active-assisted exercises of affected shoulder anti-gravity muscles were also carried out. These were external rotation, abduction, flexion and a combination of these through the D2F proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pattern. Results: Oxford score improved from 0/5 on admission to 3/5 on discharge, after 8 weeks, while Barthel Index improved from 0/20 to 20/20. STREAM scores improved from 1/70 on admission to 18/70 a month after admission and 70 /70 at follow-up 3 months after discharge. Discussion: Optokinetic chart stimulation led to restoration of voluntary movement on the affected side as well as restoration of independent mobility. Further research on the use of the optokinetic chart to enhance neural plasticity for restoration of voluntary movement and mobility is recommended.
Body weight supported treadmill training at very low treatment frequency for a young adult with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Young Daniel L. , Wallmann Harvey W. , Poole Iris , Threlkeld A. Joseph 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) using high treatment frequency has been shown to improve gait after spinal cord injury (SCI). This case report describes the use of BWSTT at a very low treatment frequency. Subject: The subject was a 19 y.o. female with an incomplete C6 SCI, one year post-injury, with multiple gait deficits. Intervention: BWSTT was combined with conventional rehabilitation. Mean treatment frequency was 1.16 days/wk over 28.5 wks. A BWSTT progression algorithm based on observational gait analysis guided progressive changes in support levels, treadmill speed, and session length. Outcomes: During the first 3 sessions, the subject tolerated an average of 15.7 minutes of BWSTT with 26% BWS at 0.8 m/s, improving to an average of 28 minutes of BWSTT with 10% BWS at 1.6 m/s in the last 3 sessions. Following 28.5 wks of very low frequency BWSTT, the subject displayed improved kinematics, walking speed, endurance, and distance during overground gait. Conclusion: Very low frequency BWSTT combined with conventional treatment improved quality and endurance of walking for a person with incomplete cervical SCI. Further work is needed to evaluate the long-term outcome of very low frequency BWSTT and the interaction of BWSTT with other interventions.