bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impregnation of lumber due to the pressure of the impregnating liquid
Authors: Birman A , Svoykin F , Neslukhov V , Borozna A , Taraban M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Storage of the container is one of the most serious problems faced by the manufacturer. At temperatures above 5 °C, the fungus and blue stain affect the container board. Because of this, enterprises suffer losses, which most often occur due to the fact that customers reject wooden containers, since it is important to use wooden pallets without mold and mildew in food and packaging industries. The article describes the methodology and results of experimental studies on the impregnation of wood due to the hydrostatic pressure of the impregnating liquid. Graphic dependencies are made to determine the main technological parameters of the impregnation process - its duration. We studied wood samples of spruce, birch, alder and aspen, the main species from which container sets and pallets are made. A description is given of the use of a densitometer of a fundamentally new design, which makes it possible to determine the density of samples with positive buoyancy.
Study of intra-day dynamics of currents in the area of the navigable strait of Baltiysk to adjust the movement of water transport
Authors: Istomin E , Martyn I , Petrov Y , Stepanov S , Sidorenko A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work is to determine the characteristics and dynamics of flows navigable waters of the Vistula lagoon, strait of Baltiysk and coastal areas of the Baltic sea. The research was conducted by employees of the Russian State University together with employees of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS) at release of drifters on the water area of the sea strait with the subsequent processing of the received GPS data with visualization in the MapSource program. The study in the Baltic sea canal was the regularities of traffic flow, identified certain intra-day dynamics of a course, significantly dependent on wind conditions over the water area. In the course of the work performed, an almost complete intra-day analysis of currents in the Baltic shipping strait area was carried out.
On the question of the mechanism of dust cloud formation on forest roads
Authors: Motovilov B P , Zubova O V , Borozna A A , Motovilov G K , Skachek D A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The justification of the model of dust cloud formation during the passage of a forest train on a dry road surface is given. Given the previous studies on sedimentation of single particles and a dust cloud, a formula is obtained that allows one to calculate the initial and average sedimentation velocity of a dust cloud taking into account changes in the concentration of dust in the cloud.
Mathematical model for defining peak loads in hydraulic manipulator’s joints
Authors: Sidorenkov N , Martynov B , Andronov A , Taraban M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The main component which plays the key role in any cargo lifting machine is a hydraulic manipulator (HM). At the moment our factories manufacture a whole variety of HM, the main disadvantage of which is a short life span (3 to 5 years at full capacity). In order to increase the life span of a HM it is compulsory to continuously control peak load indicators during its utilization, therefore defining the optimal maintenance periods for the machinery. For controlling the technical condition of assembles and connections, non-dismantle methods of diagnostic are being used. The most perspective of them is the method of vibration measurement. The mathematical model of calculating peak shock loads, appearing if HM connections at the initial time and their relation to diagnosis parameter (vibration amplitude) is presented in the following article, frequency range of shock load is defined.
Optimization of forest road network layout problem
Authors: Simonenkova A , Simonenkov M , Bacherikov I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article describes a three-stage hierarchical method of solving the optimization of forest road network layout problem taking into account road construction and transportation costs using a mathematical model based on the multi-commodity flow model. Optimization of the forest road network layout problem is formulated as an alternative of the Steiner tree problem in graphs. The first stage involves optimization of the forest road network layout within clusters. Many harvesting areas have already been divided into clusters using a clustering optimization model. The second stage involves solution of the similar problem between clusters. At the third stage, the final optimization is performed based on the results obtained at the first two stages. The developed methodology of heuristic solution of optimization of forest road network layout problem allows to improve solving time by 3-6 times with a deviation from the optimal result in the range of 0.5-8%.
Classification of factors influencing the reliability of the driver-vehicle-road-environment (DVRE) system in the conditions of mountain quarries
Authors: Umirzokov A M , Mallaboev U M , Saidullozoda S S , Khabibullozoda Kh Kh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article provides a classification of factors affecting the efficiency of the DVRE system in operating conditions in mountain quarries. A detailed classification of factors affecting the reliability of mining heavy-duty dump trucks operating in mining quarries for such groups of features as design, technological, operational and road-climatic is provided. In addition, the article provides a classification of factors based on controllability. To assess the influence of the stochastic nature of external influences that determine the dynamics of the interaction of the vehicle with the roadway, rational methods based on probability theory are substantiated. Three of them are recommended for an adequate assessment of the influence of external influences on the output indicators of a career heavy-duty dump truck, in particular for evaluating the process of interaction of a vehicle with a roadbed, which is probabilistic in nature. Among the recommended estimation methods are included such as the method of approximating the external load with a periodic function such as a sinusoid with certain values of the amplitude and period of oscillation, the method of expanding the periodic function in Fourier series and the probabilistic-statistical method, which is based on taking into account the action of many random factors characterized by a stable frequency.
Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder in diets on laying hens performance, β-carotene, cholesterol, and minerals contents in egg yolk
Authors: Bidura IGNG , Partama IBG , Utami IAP , Candrawati DPMA , Puspani E. , Suasta IM , Warmadewi DA , Okarini IA , Wibawa AAP , Nuriyasa IM , Siti NW 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the influence of Moringa oleifera on Laying Hens Performance, β-carotene, cholesterol, and minerals contents in egg yolk. Two hundred and forty 30 weeks of healthy laying hens with homogeneous body weight in a complete randomized design with four treatments and 6 replications. Laying hens were randomly divided into four groups: M0: diets without administration of Moringa oleifera leaves, M1: diets with 2% Moringa oleifera leaves; M2: diets with Moringa oleifera leaves 4%; and M3: diets with 6% Moringa oleifera leaves, respectively. Each treatment consisted of six replication cages with 10 birds randomly assigned to each cage. This study showed that administration of the Moringa leaves powder were increased significantly different on egg productions, egg mass, feed efficiencies, yolk color, shell thickness, Mg and Ca contents in eggshell, but not the efficiency of feed consumption. The administration of 2-6% Moringa leaves powder in diets results in significantly lower yolk cholesterol contents. It was concluded that supplementation of 4-6% Moringa leaves powder in diets, increased egg production, egg mass, feed efficiencies, yolk color, shell thickness, β-carotene, Mg and Ca contents in the yolk, but decreased yolk cholesterol contents in laying hens.
Producing drop-in biofuel from feedstock grown on marginal land in Sumba island, Indonesia: a systems dynamics analysis
Authors: Lamria M , Sims R E H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To improve sustainability, liquid biofuel can be produced by growing biomass feedstock on marginal land and using innovative and appropriate conversion technology under development. Throughout the Indonesia Archipelago, oil fuel imports are high, and marginal land is abundant. This study assessed future potential for drop-in biofuel (DBF) production from Pongamia pinnata oilseed crops as driven by various policy and technical parameters. A systems dynamics approach was applied and a model developed to simulate the dynamics of developing DBF technology at the national level. The potential use of marginal land in Sumba Island was taken as a case study to assess the projected DBF production as well as any increase in the gross regional domestic product (GRDP) by 2045. The model outputs showed there is an inter-relationship between biofuel development and political elements, especially the level of sense of urgency (SU) by the country’s President. In enhancing DBF production, and hence increasing GRDP, SU can be increased and sustained by empowering a future vision for the nation. Given a maximum future vision over time, 100% of liquid fuel self-sufficiency could be reached in Sumba by 2033. Then the GRDP increased from DBF-related revenues would exceed the current total GRDP.
Extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids to reduce the iodine number of biodiesel products
Authors: Helwani Z , Umar L , Neonufa G F. , Puspawiningtyas E , Prakoso T , Lugito G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the last ten years, Indonesia has succeeded in realizing the production and commercialization of oxygenated biofuel/bioethanol and bioethanol, even has applied mixing biodiesel into diesel to up to 20%-volume (or known as a B20 mixture). This success has at least helped reduce imports of fuel oil (BBM) such as diesel and gasoline, but no more than 20%. The rest (i.e., at least 80%) must still be imported and will cause severe pressure on the country’s balance of payments because the current volume of fuel imports is no less than 50% of domestic needs. The quality of Indonesian biodiesel products generally still has a high cloud point and low oxidation stability. Diesel engine fuel consists of a mixture of methyl ester fatty acids (FAME: Fatty Acids Methyl Ester). Many constituent components are limited or not large (consist of 7-14 carbons). The essential constituents are the methyl esters of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Methyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, eleostearic) are inferior because they have a low cetane number and low oxidative stability. While methyl esters of saturated fatty acids have a superior demonic rate but have a high melting point (bad, higher than the requirements given by SNI). Related to the amount of unsaturated fat in biodiesel, it can reduce the quality of biodiesel, such as acid numbers, moisture content, and the emergence of sludge. Based on the current condition of biodiesel quality, to improve the quality of biodiesel produced can be done by reducing the number of unsaturated fats present in the biodiesel product. The initial step that has to be done is separation biodiesel products into saturated biodiesel with the characteristic iodine number <30-40 and unsaturated biodiesel with an iodine number > 70 through a fractionation process. Extraction was carried out using AgNO3 with variations in the ratio of biodiesel feed to solvents. The best ratio of biodiesel:AgNO3 to eliminate the levels of polyunsaturated free fatty acids in biodiesel products is 1:2 with an iodine value of 47.38 gr I2/(100 gr oil)
Production of biofuel by low temperature Fischer-Tropsch using Co-K/γ-Al2O3
Authors: Makertihatha I.G.B.N , Fadhli  , Fathoni Zaki Al , Subagjo  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Fischer Tropsch is a heterogeneous catalytic chemical reaction which converts a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas) into a hydrocarbon product with varying chain length by polymerization reaction on the surface of the catalyst. The hydrocarbon produced from Fischer Tropsch reaction using bio-syngas is biofuel (diesel, kerosene, gasoline) that can replace petroleum-based fuels. Cobalt catalyst with potassium promoter and γ-Al2O3 support has been successfully synthesized in Catalysis and Reaction Engineering (CaRE) laboratory, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB). Co-K/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by dry impregnation method on the γ-Al2O3 support under alkaline conditions. Catalysts were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), temperature program reduction (TPR), and N2 physisorption measurements such as Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. Co-K/γ-Al2O3 catalyst activity was evaluated using fixed bed reactor with various flow rates and temperatures which is still classified as Low-Temperature Fischer Tropsch (LTFT) process. The best results were obtained at minimum syngas flow rate and highest reaction temperature with a total pressure of 20 bar. The results show CO and H2 conversions were 96.6% and 82.31% respectively. Selectivity value of the hydrocarbon product was calculated using the Anderson Shultz Flurry (ASF) equation. The greatest selectivity value was obtained for C5+ product with selectivity value was 86.07 % wt.
Tauc Plot Software: Calculating energy gap values of organic materials based on Ultraviolet-Visible absorbance spectrum
Authors: Johannes Albert Zicko , Pingak Redi Kristian , Bukit Minsyahril 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Studies on bio-organic materials for optoelectronic devices have increased recently, mainly due to the low cost of the materials. Electrical properties of the materials are important to review whether a material is suitable for optoelectronic applications. The energy gap is an important parameter to investigate the electrical properties of materials, and therefore, the band gap value has to be determined accurately. The energy gap of a semiconductor material can be calculated from its absorption spectrum using the Tauc plot method. In this article, we designed software based on the Tauc plot method (Taucplot4dotz) and ran a trial test using data from our previous studies on Sukun (Artocarpus Altilis) leaves extract and Gamal (Gliricidia Sepium) leaves extract. Results obtained were more accurate than our previous calculations since here we used both horizontal dan vertical linear extrapolation lines compared to only one in our previous calculations. We also used re-fitted data of ZnO [26]. Our accurate and fast calculation using the software showed that energy gap values of Sukun leaves and Gamal leaves extract were 3.033 eV and 1.833 eV, respectively. For ZnO, the energy gap was found to be 3.6205 eV, slightly different from the original data (3.625 eV) [26]. From the results, it can be concluded that the software provides an easier and faster calculation of energy gap values of materials, from which one can further investigate the potential of the materials suitable for optoelectronic devices based on bio-organic materials.
Coating of mercapto modified silica on iron sand magnetic material for Au(III) adsorption in aqueous solution
Authors: Karbeka Martasiana , Nuryono  , Suyanta  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The functionalized silica coating mercapto on iron sand magnetic material (MM/SiO2/MBI)has been done through sol-gel process. The successfully synthesized material is used as adsorbent (MM/SiO2/MBI) in the Adsorpi Au (III) process. Material characterization is carried out with an adsorbent stability test against acids. Adsorption is performed in a batch system and the unadsorped Au (III) ion is analyzed with the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Characterization results indicate the synthesis of PB/SiO2-MBI adsorbent has been successfully performed. The coating of iron sand magnetic material enhances stability to acid. ADsorbent (MM/SiO2/MBI) is capable of adjudisorate ion Au (III) with the highest adsorption occurring at pH 1. Kinetics review indicates that the adsorption of the ion (III) is following the second-order pseudo kinetics with a value of k 3.57 × 10-3 g/mg. Minute and adsorption isotherm follows the isotherm pattern of Langmuir with an adsorption capacity of 125 mg/g.
The influence of Ag concentration on the antibacterial properties of plastic made from silica immobilized with EDTA-Ag combined with chitosan
Authors: Wogo Hermania Em , Tanuab Marini T. , Kadang Luther , Ola Antonius R.B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Antibacterial plastic is made by using composites silica gel immobilized EDTA-Ag combined with chitosan. Silica gel was formulated with three variations of Ag concentrations (i.e., 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5 M) and then tested for its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Result of the antibacterial test showed that the immobilized EDTA-Ag silica gel product could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with the diameter of zone inhibition around 15.9 and 15.6 mm respectively at the lowest Ag concentration of 10-5M. This result showed that higher concentration of Ag led to the decrease of antibacterial activity. The obtained products were then synthesized into plastic with variations of chitosan weight of 0.3 and 0.7 grams. The antibacterial test confirmed that the plastic had strong antibacterial properties with the diameter of zone inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 16.7 and 15.9 mm, respectively. The percentage of degradation was observed at 6.02 to 63.17% while water absorption test for plastic with 0.3 gram chitosan was 86.51% and for plastic with 0.7 gram chitosan was 16%. This indicated that more chitosan additions were able to expand antibacterial properties and reduce the absorption of plastic against water.
The effect of cationic CTAB surfactants on the performance of graphene electrode for supercapacitor
Authors: Nurdin I , Fitri H R , Widiatmoko P , Devianto H , Prakoso T 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGraphene is a two-dimensional sp2 bonded carbon nanostructure packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Graphene has a high theoretical surface area and electrical conductivity that is suitable for the electrode of supercapacitors. There are many methods to produce graphene, such as mechanical exfoliation using scotch tape, reduction of graphene oxide, and chemical vapor deposition. An alternative and simple method to produce graphene is through pyrolysis process. The previous study shows that the production of graphene from biomass via two-stage pyrolysis process results in an increase of the surface area; however, its capacitance is still low to be applied as the electrode for supercapacitor. This study aims to modification of graphene surface using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the surfactant. The graphene was produced from palm kernel shell via two-stage pyrolysis method (the first stage was at 350°C followed by the second stage at 900°C) using FeCl3 as catalyst and ZnCl2as activating agent, resulting in 16% yield. Graphene was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Raman scattering, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). These analyses show that the two-stage pyrolysis produces multi-layered graphene. The surface properties were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, which show some mesoporous graphene product with a surface area of 351.27 m2/g. The result exhibited more hydrophilic graphene than the unmodified one, but according to the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) analysis, the specific capacitance of modified graphene (11.91 Fg-1) is lower than unmodified graphene (43.87 Fg-1).
Preliminary study of wet-free CO2 absorption through membrane diffuser
Authors: Wenten I G , Wardani A K , Khoiruddin K , Ariono D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Wetting phenomenon is major drawback of membrane contactor in CO2 absorption which limits the performance stability. In this study, hollow fiber membrane diffuser was proposed for providing wet-free gas absorption. The performance of membrane diffuser as function of operating pressure (0.5-3.0 bar), membrane hydrophobicity (hydrophobic and superhydrophobic polypropylene membrane), and membrane type (polypropylene and polysulfone) was investigated. Result shows that CO2 concentration in absorbent increases with operating pressure. Superhydrophobic polypropylene membrane exhibits higher CO2 transfer than the hydrophobic membrane. Meanwhile, the CO2 absorption by PSf membrane is relatively low.
Prediction of student learning outcomes using the Naive Bayesian Algorithm (Case Study of Tama Jagakarsa University)
Authors: Pekuwali Arini Aha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Assessment of student learning outcomes is the most important part in the learning process. Student achievement can be determined based on the achievement of final grades in certain subjects. Student final grades can be used to evaluate and predict student achievement in the future. This research was conducted to analyze the Naïve Bayesian Classifier (NBC) algorithm in predicting the final grades of students in the future based on student final grade data in the previous semester. This study is useful for students to improve their grades, according to their predicted weaknesses through this research (wake-up calling). The results of this study indicate that NBC successfully classifies data with an accuracy of 94.2446%.
Simulation and parametric study of the innovated process to purify bioethanol with ethylene oxide hydration as an auxiliary reaction
Authors: Wiratama I G P , Novianty V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
By the conventional process, to purify bioethanol from fermentation reactor or bioreactor is relatively high cost, since the purity of bioethanol in the bioreactor output is very low (just around 8-14%) and there are azeotropes between bioethanol with water. Therefore, in the conventional process, a combination of distillation-adsorption, distillation-pervaporation, or extractive distillation is needed in order to get bioethanol with purity of 99.6% or above. In this research, an innovative process to purify bioethanol in a reactive distillation column with an auxiliary reaction of ethylene oxide hydration was proposed. The auxiliary reaction broke the water/bioethanol azeotrope. Impacts of the reflux ratio and the bottoms rate were investigated by simulating the process in Aspen Plus software. The results revealed that the innovated bioethanol purifying process theoretically could produce bioethanol with a purity of 99.9%.
Design of surface profile of pairs of friction unit
Authors: Polyakov P A , Litvinov A E , Polyakova E A , Fedotov E S , Tagiev R S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To control the processes of friction and wear in the working pairs of the friction unit, it is necessary to study the behavior of the materials of the friction unit during contact interaction, accompanied by the combined action of temperature and dynamic loads. Numerous studies are devoted to the study of the influence of the chemical composition on the friction process of friction units, as well as the creation of new materials for brake units. There are practically no works devoted to the influence of nanogeometry of the surfaces of contact pairs of friction units on contact pressure. In this case, from an uneven distribution of contact pressure over the friction surface, strong heating can occur, which results in the formation of burns, thermal spots and foci of microcracks.