bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using synthetic biology to overcome barriers to stable expression of nitrogenase in eukaryotic organelles
Authors: Xiang Nan , Guo Chenyue , Liu Jiwei , Xu Hao , Dixon Ray , Yang Jianguo , Wang Yi-Ping 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Stable expression of each component of the nitrogenase system in an active form is a prerequisite for engineering nitrogen fixation in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria provide an oxygen-depleted environment for the expression of active nitrogenase in plants, but signal peptides are required to target nuclear encoded Nif proteins to this organelle. We demonstrate that one of the structural subunits of nitrogenase, NifD, is itself susceptible to cleavage by mitochondrial processing peptidases from a variety of plant origins, presenting a major challenge to engineering nitrogen fixation in mitochondria. To overcome this issue, we have engineered NifD variants that are resistant to cleavage and retain high levels of nitrogenase activity, thus providing a potential solution for engineering active MoFe protein in plants.
Active forces shape the metaphase spindle through a mechanical instability
Authors: Oriola David , Jülicher Frank , Brugués Jan 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The mitotic spindle machinery is a bipolar structure that segregates sister chromatids during cell division. Spindle assembly relies on the self-organization of motor proteins and microtubule filaments—dynamic polymers that constitute the spindle building blocks. How motors ensure a bipolar spindle-like structure is not understood. Here we build a liquid crystal droplet description of the spindle that quantitatively accounts for pole focusing as a function of dynein activity. Our results show how active forces driven by molecular motors can shape liquid crystalline droplets.
Dissecting the mechanism of signaling-triggered nuclear export of newly synthesized influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes
Authors: Schreiber André , Boff Laurita , Anhlan Darisuren , Krischuns Tim , Brunotte Linda , Schuberth Christian , Wedlich-Söldner Roland , Drexler Hannes , Ludwig Stephan 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Influenza viruses (IV) replicate in the nucleus. Export of newly produced genomes, packaged in viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes, relies on the nuclear CRM1 export pathway and appears to be timely controlled by virus-induced cellular signaling. However, the exact mechanism of the signaling-controlled complex assembly and export is enigmatic. Here we show that IV activates the Raf/MEK/ERK/RSK1 pathway, leading to phosphorylation at specific sites of the NP, which in turn, creates a docking site for binding of the M1 protein, an initial step in formation of vRNP export complexes. These findings are of broad relevance regarding the regulatory role of signaling pathways and posttranslational modifications in virus propagation and will strongly support ongoing development of an alternative anti-influenza therapy.
Highly tunable properties in pressure-treated two-dimensional Dion–Jacobson perovskites
Authors: Kong Lingping , Liu Gang , Gong Jue , Mao Lingling , Chen Mengting , Hu Qingyang , Lü Xujie , Yang Wenge , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Mao Ho-kwang 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Two-dimensional Dion–Jacobson (2D D-J) lead-halide perovskite is a cutting-edge material paradigm that has realized high-efficiency photovoltaic applications and synergetic chemical stability. With the addition of the pressure dimension, this material provides a crucial platform for studying both pressure-tailored physical properties and pressure-driven novel phenomena. Here, we demonstrate that 2D D-J perovskites experience various transitions under pressure, such as crystalline-amorphous and 2D–three-dimensional structural transformation, and the probable metallization are strongly suggested. Moreover, the fundamental changes in the material properties are observed at ambient conditions after pressure treatment, which is crucial for achieving the desired characteristics for viable applications.
Bioclickable and mussel adhesive peptide mimics for engineering vascular stent surfaces
Authors: Yang Zhilu , Zhao Xin , Hao Rui , Tu Qiufen , Tian Xiaohua , Xiao Yu , Xiong Kaiqing , Wang Miao , Feng Yonghai , Huang Nan , Pan Guoqing 
Published: June 2020

Significance
An ideal metal vascular stent has multiple properties for successful reendothelialization. These properties include 1) inhibiting thrombosis by preventing platelet activation/adhesion, 2) suppressing smooth muscle cell migration/proliferation, and 3) accelerating endothelial cell migration/proliferation. With an easy-to-perform, two-step surface bioengineering approach, the multifunctionalized stents reported here contain two vasoactive moieties (i.e., the nitric-oxide-generating organoselenium and the endothelial progenitor cell-targeting peptide) to satisfy all requirements. The surface engineering strategy presented here can be translated into clinical coatings for cardiovascular stents and will benefit enormously and globally the cardiovascular disease patients; it will, moreover, offer insights to engineering surfaces of blood-contacting devices.
Proximal threats promote enhanced acquisition and persistence of reactive fear-learning circuits
Authors: Faul Leonard , Stjepanović Daniel , Stivers Joshua M. , Stewart Gregory W. , Graner John L. , Morey Rajendra A. , LaBar Kevin S. 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceTraditional laboratory-based fear-conditioning approaches are often limited in their generalizability to real-world encounters where threats are dynamic and embedded in contextually rich environments. Moreover, while spatial distance to a threat organizes defensive responses, our understanding of the neurobehavioral mechanisms relating proximity and fear learning is lacking. To address these limitations, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality simulation that provides a more ecologically valid examination of how threat proximity influences the learning and memory of fear associations. Our findings highlight that threats invading peripersonal space persist longer in memory and uniquely recruit a reactive neural fear system, which has important clinical implications for understanding how near-body traumatic experiences exacerbate the development of traumatic stress disorders.
The influence of packing structure and interparticle forces on ultrasound transmission in granular media
Authors: Zhai Chongpu , Herbold Eric B. , Hurley Ryan C. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Structure-property relations of granular materials are governed by the arrangement of particles and the chains of forces between them. These relations enable design of wave damping materials and nondestructive testing technologies. Wave transmission in granular materials has been extensively studied and demonstrates rich features: power-law velocity scaling, dispersion, and attenuation. However, the precise roles of particle arrangements and force chains on these features remain topics of continued research interest. Here, we employ X-ray measurements and analyses to show that velocity scaling and dispersion arise from both particle arrangements and force chains, while attenuation arises mainly from particle arrangements.
Yeast mannan increases Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron abundance and suppresses putrefactive compound production in in vitro fecal microbiota fermentation
Authors: Oba Shunsuke , Washida Kazuto , Shimada Yu , Sunagawa Tadahiro , Tanihiro Reiko , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Nakamura Yasunori 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Yeast mannan is a part of yeast cell wall and can potentially affect gut microflora as a soluble dietary fiber. We demonstrated that yeast mannan suppressed putrefactive production and increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in in vitro fecal fermentation. These results suggest that yeast mannan can be used as a novel prebiotic food ingredient.
Dose-optimised chest computed tomography for diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Evaluation of image quality and diagnostic impact
Authors: Steuwe Andrea , Rademacher Christin , Valentin Birte , Köhler Marie-Helen , Appel Elisabeth , Keitel Verena , Timm Jörg , Antoch Gerald , Aissa Joel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives. The detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has varying sensitivity. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest can verify infection in patients with clinical symptoms and a negative test result, accelerating treatment and actions to prevent further contagion. However, CT employs ionising radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate protocol settings, associated radiation exposure, image quality and diagnostic performance of a low-dose CT protocol in a university hospital setting. Materials and Methods. Chest CT examinations were performed on a single scanner (Somatom Definition Edge, Siemens Healthineers, Germany) in 105 symptomatic patients (60 male, 45 female). Images were evaluated with regard to protocol parameters, image quality, radiation exposure and diagnostic accuracy. Serial RT-PCR served as the standard of reference. Based on this reference standard sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of CT with 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results. The mean effective dose was 1.3 ± 0.4 mSv (0.7–2.9 mSv) for the patient cohort (mean age 66.6 ± 16.7 years (19–94 years), mean body mass index (BMI) 26.6 ± 5.3 kg m−2 (16–46 kg/m2)). A sensitivity of 100 [95% CI: 82–100]%, a specificity of 78 [95% CI: 68–86]%, a positive predictive value of 50 [95% CI: 33–67]% and a negative predictive value of 100 [95% CI: 95–100]% were obtained. No COVID-19 diagnoses were missed by CT. Image noise did not strongly correlate with BMI or patient diameter and was rated as average. Conclusions. We presented a robust imaging procedure with a chest CT protocol for confident diagnosis of COVID-19. Even for an overweight patient cohort, an associated radiation exposure of only 1.3 ± 0.4 mSv was achieved with sufficient diagnostic quality to exclude COVID-19.
Stretching and heating cells with light—nonlinear photothermal cell rheology
Authors: Huster Constantin , Rekhade Devavrat , Hausch Adina , Ahmed Saeed , Hauck Nicolas , Thiele Julian , Guck Jochen , Kroy Klaus , Cojoc Gheorghe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Stretching and heating are everyday experiences for skin and tissue cells. They are also standard procedures to reduce the risk for injuries in physical exercise and to relieve muscle spasms in physiotherapy. Here, we ask which immediate and long-term mechanical effects of such treatments are quantitatively detectable on the level of individual living cells. Combining versatile optical stretcher techniques with a well-tested mathematical model for viscoelastic polymer networks, we investigate the thermomechanical properties of suspended cells with a photothermal rheometric protocol that can disentangle fast transient and slow ‘inelastic’ components in the nonlinear mechanical response. We find that a certain minimum strength and duration of combined stretching and heating is required to induce long-lived alterations of the mechanical state of the cells, which then respond qualitatively differently to mechanical tests than after weaker/shorter treatments or merely mechanical preconditioning alone. Our results suggest a viable protocol to search for intracellular biomolecular signatures of the mathematically detected dissimilar mechanical response modes.
The utilization of cassava by-products as complete feed on physical and chemical meat quality of weaning male crossbred Landrace pigs
Authors: Hasan F , Zendrato D P , Hanafi N D , Sadeli A , Daulay A H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this research is utilization of cassava by-products as complete ration on physical and chemical meat quality of weaning male of crossbred Landrace pigs. This research was conducted at Desa Rumah Mbacang Pancur Batu from April to June 2019. The research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 2 replications. The treatments compose of P0 (without cassava by-products), P1 (with 20% cassava by-products), P2 (with 40% cassava by-products) and P3 (with 60% cassava by-products). The variables were observed consist of physical quality (pH value, water holding capacity, cooking loss and color) and chemical quality (water content, fat content and protein content). The results showed that the best pH value on P1 (5.00), the best water holding capacity on P1 (51.32%), best cooking loss on P1 (44.99%), the best color on P1 (1.50), the best water content on P1 (78.11%), the best fat content on P1 (3.84%) and the best protein content on P1 (21.72%). It was concluded that the use of cassava by-products in complete feed for pigs should not exceed 20%.
Sustainable Manufacturing that is Environmentally Friendly
Authors: Sembiring N , Tambunan M M , Ginting E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sustainable Manufacturing is becoming a hot issue among companies in Indonesia. Sustainable Manufacturing itself has the meaning of an effort to develop the concept of a sustainable Manufacturing Industry. This concept is considered very necessary to be developed in order to maintain the sustainability of natural resources on earth. The concept of Sustainable Manufacturing has three important aspects, namely economic aspects, social aspects and environmental aspects. The economic aspect is the company’s efforts to keep developing and continue to generate commercial profits, while the social aspect is the company’s effort to provide reciprocity to the local residents. The last aspect is the most important aspect, which is the environment. In protecting the environment, some parameters in manufacturing company such as efficiency material, minimization waste, efficiency resource must be as a priority awareness.
Porous Ceramic As Basic Contruction Material Based Passive Cooling Clay Mixed With Charcoal Candlenut Shell (AleuritesMoluccana)
Authors: Sitorus Z , Anisah F , Fauzi  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It has been made of porous ceramics made of clay with a mixture of candlenut shell activated charcoal through conventional techniques of printing and presses the clay composition variation: activated charcoal shell candlenut 100: 0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50: 50 grams. Clay and activated charcoal candlenut shells sifted with a particle size of 100 mesh. Clay and activated charcoal powder candlenut shells which have been mixed printed by the dry pressing method with the pressure of 5 tons was detained for 10 minutes. Then the beam-shaped sample was burned with a combustion temperature of 900°C and held for 3 hours. Each sample is characterized that include: physical properties (porosity, water absorption, and surface morphology), mechanical properties (hardness, compressive strength, and XRD) and thermal properties (DTA). The results showed that variations in the composition of clay: candlenut shell activated charcoal optimum at 50: 50-gram composition with 66.20% porosity; water absorption value of 69.42%; 298.19 Mpa hardness values; 6,75Mpa value of the compressive strength and optimum pore diameter 1.0785 μm with oxygen element content of 51.76%. The XRD results showed the addition of activated charcoal on a pecan shell does not form a porous ceramic crystallinity, and from the graph shows that the dominant crystal structure is monoclinic. DTA testing results 70°C and temperature endothermic temperature eksoterm450°C. The XRD results showed the addition of activated charcoal on a pecan shell does not form a porous ceramic crystallinity, and from the graph shows that the dominant crystal structure is monoclinic. DTA testing results 70°C and temperature endothermic temperature eksoterm450°C. The XRD results showed the addition of activated charcoal on a pecan shell does not form a porous ceramic crystallinity, and from the graph shows that the dominant crystal structure is monoclinic. DTA testing results in endothermic temperature 70°C and exotherm temperature 450°C.
On Using The First Variant of Dependent RSA Encryption Scheme to Secure Text: A Tutorial
Authors: Rachmawati D , Budiman M A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) public key cryptosystem has been extensively used to secure digital communication since more than forty years. The security of RSA relies on the hardness of factoring a big integer into its two big prime factors: the bigger the integer, the securer the cryptosystem. However, the RSA cryptosystem is proven to be not semantically secure. Some variants of Dependent RSA encryption schemes have been introduced by Pointcheval to overcome this problem. This study shows how the first variant of Dependent RSA (DRSA-1) encryption scheme is used to secure text. All algorithms have been implemented in the Python programming language version 2.7.15.
Design of a Continuous Coffee Bean Solar Dryer
Authors: Ambarita H , Munthe H K J , Hutagalung T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As one of the renewable energy that can be utilized in various fields, solar energy is a potential energy source considering that Indonesia has a tropical climate. One of the uses of solar energy is in agriculture. Various agricultural commodities need to be dried before further processing. Also in coffee commodities that are being favored by many people nowadays. For this reason, as a solution to the problem of long drying times with weather changes issue, a room is made as a drying medium. By sucking hot air from a 2.576 m2 solar collector using the exhaust, it is expected that heat will be maintained in the space that has been isolated. The 2.4 m2 dryer rack design is made in three trays to make the most of the space. The results of the room that have been made is able to keep the lowest temperature at night at 26.6 °C and the highest temperature at 60.7 °C during the day. The highest average temperature in the room is on the bottom shelf near the hot air source.
Provision of Complete Feed Fermented Peel Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Male Kacang Goat Performance
Authors: Tafsin M , Hanafi N D , Sadeli A , Hamdan  , Sari S F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Complete feed fermented cassava peel is a feed ingredient that is considered potential to support the performance of Male Kacang Goat. This research was conducted in Sihopuk Baru Village, Halongonan Timur District, Padang Lawas Utara Regency. Maintenance was carried out for three months, from April to June 2019. The research method was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications so that there were 12 male goats maintained. P0: Complete feed 75% fermented cassava dried+ 0% cassava peel, P1: complete feed 55% fermented cassava dried + 20% cassava peel, P2: complete feed fermentation 35% cassava dried + 40% cassava peel, P3: complete feed 15% fermented cassava dried + 60% cassava peel. The research parameters are Feed Consumption, Weight gain, and Feed Conversion. The average feed consumption of Kacang goat is P0 of 274.67; P1 of 277.64; P2 of 277.63; and P3 of 279.33. The average weight gain kacang goat is P0 of 12.70 g / head / day; P1 of 18.33 g / head / day; P2 of 34.66 g / head / day; and, P3 of 27.33 g / head / day. The average conversion of kacang goat feed is P0 of 21.98; P1 of 15.43; P2 of 8.38; and P3 of 10.23. P2 is a formula complete feed fermented cassava peel which is best for supporting the performance of kacang goats.
Preparation and Characterization of Coconut Oil Based Soap with Kaolin as Filler
Authors: Iriany  , Sukeksi L , Diana V , Taslim  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Soap is the product of saponification of fats with a base, which is used as a body cleanser, in the form of solid, foamy, with or addition of other ingredients and do not cause skin irritation. Clay (kaolin) is used as an active ingredient in cosmetics because of the high level of adsorption of substances such as oil, toxins, and others. The use of clay also been considered as a potential tanning agent in halal industrial applications. This study aimed to search for the effect of temperature reaction and addition of kaolin to the solid soap produced. The saponification reactions was carried out for 10 minutes in a reaction flask at a temperature that varied from 50ºC - 80ºC. The beginning stage was to heat the coconut oil to the reaction temperature and then mixed it with kaolin (10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20% wt.), followed by adding 35% NaOH. The reaction mixture was stirred at 250 rpm. The results of this study showed that all soap products met the Indonesia standard SNI.
Stability analysis of heartbeat system with lyapunov’s direct method
Authors: Tulus  , Siahaan L O , Marpaung T J , Syahputra M R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The heart is a very vital organ. There are two main states in the heartbeat cycle, systole and diastole. The heartbeat system studied in this paper was taken from a study of Thanom and Loh in 2011. This paper is aimed to analyze the stability of the heartbeat system using Lyapunov’s Direct Method. This method requires a Lyapunov function. To construct the Lyapunov function, the Gradient Variable Method will be used. In this research, the Lyapunov function constructed

V
(
x
)
=

x
1
2

+

x
2
2

,

V
˙

(
x
)
>
0

is obtained. This means

V
˙

(
x
)

is said to be a positive definite and the equilibrium point (0,0) of the heartbeat system is unstable.
The Correlation Between Mangroves and Coastal Aquatic Biota
Authors: Onrizal O , Desrita  , Ahmad A G , Thoha A S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMangrove forests are important for the productivity of estuary ecosystems, including diversity and population of coastal biota because of their contribution through the fall of litter so that mangroves as the first chain of tropical chains on the coast. Most of marine biota species are thought to be highly dependent on mangrove areas from west to east tropical region. About 70% of fish caught were only found in mangrove forests that were still good. The fish population and species in healthy mangroves were 159-234% and 116-129% greater than mangrove forests that have been degraded, respectively. The loss and degradations of mangroves also causes fishermen income to decrease. Therefore, the healthy mangrove should be maintained with properly management as well as the degraded mangrove should be restored based on scientific basis. Conserving and restoring mangroves are becoming a very productive investment, not only for the present generation, but also for future generations.
Without research, no community service
Authors: Nasution Mahyuddin K M , Tulus  , Munir Erman , Onrizal  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Research is the duty of universities in addition to education. Meanwhile, the community service is a different task, but it becomes a bridge is to downstream both of them. This paper intends to describe the relationship between research and community service, which implies that prior to servicing the community, a necessity of its implementation requires research, to ensure that community service fulfils the achievement targets.