bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Warming Will Exacerbate Unequal Exposure to Compound Flood‐Heatwave Extremes
Authors: Zhao Qikang , Gao Liang , Meng Qingyan , Zhu Mingming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCompound flood‐heatwave extremes (CFHWs) have threatened the sustainable development of human society and ecosystems. However, the disproportionate risks in regions with different economic development under a warming climate have not been quantified. This study carries out a global investigation on the future CFHWs under three scenarios based on 11 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Results reveal a 7.5‐fold increase in global annual CFHW days by 2100 under the intermediate greenhouse‐gas‐emission scenario SSP2‐4.5 compared to that in 1980. Under SSP2‐4.5, population exposure in low‐income countries in the late future (2071–2090) will be about 9‐fold higher than in high‐income countries compared to baseline period (1995–2014). Moreover, exposure of the poor groups living on less than $6.85/day will increase by nearly 28.1‐fold. Eastern Africa and South Asia are identified as particularly high‐risk regions, where large populations living in poverty face rapidly increasing CFHWs. These findings indicate that climate inequality will become more pronounced if climate warming continues without immediate effective measures. Our study also underscores the urgent need for mitigation and adaptation strategies against the future increasing CFHWs, especially for the vast low‐income and high‐risk regions.
Ground‐Truth Validation of T2 ${T}_{2}$ Estimates From Steady‐State Surface NMR
Authors: Griffiths Matthew P. , Grombacher Denys , Mashhadi Seyyed Reza , Larsen Jakob Juul 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSteady‐state sequences are a new protocol for surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), that can yield high quality data in a short time. In addition to faster acquisition, steady‐state surface NMR purports to measure the transverse relaxation time , which is correlated with hydrogeological parameters like pore‐size. This is in contrast to the effective transverse relaxation time associated with standard single pulse measurements, which may or may not be correlated with pore‐size. While previous studies suggest that steady‐state measurements have enhanced sensitivity to , a ground‐truth validation has not yet been done. We compare steady‐state surface NMR results against borehole NMR logs at four locations. For relaxation regimes of > 10 ms, profiles from steady‐state data are in excellent agreement with borehole measurements, provided the assumption of homogeneous horizontal layers is valid. Even in more complex geological environments, steady‐state surface NMR delivers representative estimates of .
Transient Deformation in the Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan: A Spatiotemporal GPS Analysis
Authors: Huang Yi‐Sheng , Chang Wu‐Lung , Pu Hsin‐Chieh , Chiu Chi‐Yu , Lai Ya‐Chuan , Shih Min‐Hung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study analyzed time series data from six GPS stations within the Tatun Volcano Group (TVG), a long‐dormant volcanic system in northern Taiwan, using multichannel singular spectrum analysis to search for potential spatiotemporally correlated transient deformations. A notable cycle of transient deformation was identified from 2015 to 2020, characterized by ground subsidence and uplift of up to 10 mm, accompanied by asymmetric horizontal motions directed inward and outward toward Dayoukeng, the largest fumarole and hydrothermal area in TVG. Evidence from earthquake focal mechanisms and gas composition, along with preliminary source modeling, suggest that these transient phases were likely caused by the pressure change of shallow hydrothermal systems beneath Dayoukeng. Further analysis of time series data from three long‐operating GPS stations revealed similar patterns of transient motion in the area from 2006 to 2015, indicating that TVG has experienced cyclical deformation, akin to many other volcanic systems worldwide.
Assessing the Impacts of Assimilating GOLD Disk O/N2 Observations on the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere System
Authors: Laskar F. I. , Pedatella N. M. , Codrescu M. V. , Eastes R. W. , Anderson J. L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) imagers scan the Earth's Thermosphere‐Ionosphere (TI) in the far ultraviolet wavelengths. Measurements from GOLD daylit spectrum are used to retrieve the column integrated atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen density ratio (O/N2) over about one fourth of the globe. The present investigation assesses the impact of assimilating GOLD disk O/N2 on the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCMX) using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble adjustment Kalman filter. Two Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are performed, and improvements are quantified by calculating root mean square error (RMSE) and bias with respect to a truth run. In addition to solar and geomagnetic forcing, we introduced gravity wave forcing perturbations to increase the ensemble spread, which has not previously been applied in ensemble assimilation. One of the OSSEs assimilates only the lower atmosphere (LA, 100 km) observations, referred to as LA experiment, and the second assimilates GOLD O/N2 and LA observations, referred to as Whole Atmosphere (WA) experiment. The WA‐analysis O/N2 RMSE and bias are about 60% and 87% better compared to LA‐analysis. Also, the O/N2 RMSE and bias for the WA‐analysis are about 23% and 54% better compared to WA 1‐hr forecasts. The improvement in WA electron column density (ECD), a model equivalent of Total Electron Content (TEC), is about 24% compared to the LA experiment. These results demonstrate that the assimilation of GOLD O/N2 improves both the thermosphere and ionosphere in a whole atmosphere data assimilation system.
Religious and Spiritual Experiences of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth
Authors: Mohr October , Chiaramonte Danielle , Olezeski Christy L. 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Research concerning the relationship between transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth and religion and spirituality is sparse with mixed findings. The research that has been done focuses on spirituality and religion as both a source of joy and a stressor for TGNC youth. Method: The current study uses qualitative data collected from 141 TGNC youth and 103 caregivers to capture the experiences of TGNC youth and their families in relation to their spiritual and religious communities and commitments. Results: Findings revealed the majority of TGNC youth reported having a religious or spiritual affiliation. Approximately one-third of youth responses discussed their affiliations positively with many feeling affirmed in their place of worship. Two-thirds of respondents reported neutral or negative experiences related to their affiliation. The majority of youth and guardian dyads reported alignment in their religious or spiritual affiliation. Conclusions: This study is the first to showcase TGNC youth and their guardians’ views about religious and spiritual affiliation. Findings highlight the need for religious/spiritual interventions and programming such as chaplaincy as a part of an interdisciplinary care team and revised intake questions that seek to understand both the spiritual and religious elements of patients’ lives. Implications for Impact Statement Religious and spirituality among transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth may be an important point of intervention for youth and families. Cross-disciplinary interventions and programming, such as chaplaincy, affirming religious communities, interdisciplinary clinics, and specific inquiry about religious and spiritual beliefs may help to support TGNC youth and their families.
Training-Clinician Perspectives: Religion, Spirituality, and Meaning-Making in Pediatric Psychology Training
Authors: Catlin Perry A. , Quiñones Rebecca , Fisher Rachel S. , Blakey Ariel O. , Flagg Amanda M. , Dimentstein Karen , Sereno Isabella , Kelleher Jennifer , Choate Ellison S. , Ahmed Annisa M. 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Reflect and comment on the inclusion of religion, spirituality, and other sources of meaning-making (RSM) within the context of pediatric psychology training. Method: This invited commentary is the collective effort of a diverse workgroup of trainees from clinical and counseling psychology disciplines, who came together to reflect on our experiences with RSM in the training context and review related literature. A brief Qualtrics survey was utilized to gather background information about the authors for the positionality statement; no other analytic methods were employed. Results: RSM is an aspect of the human experience that must be considered in all realms of clinical work to ensure comprehensive and equitable care. Mental health providers are uniquely positioned to assess for and integrate RSM into all aspects of mental health care (e.g., assessment of presenting concerns, treatment planning, tailoring interventions). Spirituality and connectedness are psychologically grounded concepts that can be leveraged clinically to foster rapport and a sense of belonging, problem-solve collaboratively, and encourage meaningful behavior change by establishing and working toward goals and values. Despite the importance of considering RSM in clinical contexts, limited guidance, training, and coursework exists to facilitate the incorporation of RSM into clinical practice. Conclusion: Implementation of the outlined recommendations may be instrumental in mitigating the systemic challenges and barriers to incorporating RSM into clinical training and practice. Implications for Impact Statement This commentary emphasizes the importance of integrating religion, spirituality, and meaning-making into pediatric psychology training to provide comprehensive and equitable care. It recognizes that mental health providers are uniquely positioned to assess for and integrate these elements into their practice, which can strengthen the therapeutic relationship and promote coping and adjustment among patients and families. The article provides recommendations to overcome current challenges in including these vital aspects in clinical education and practice.
Intersections of Religion, Faith, Spirituality, and Pediatric Psychology: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Burton E. Thomaseo , Kaufman Caroline C. 
Published: December 2024

Objective: As psychologists continue to expand our understanding and appreciation for how multiple aspects of identity are associated with pediatric health, it is critical to examine the intersections of these various identities. Pediatric psychologists are experts in collaborating with interdisciplinary colleagues (including chaplains, clergy, and spiritual counselors) to support patients and families as they cope with adversity and find meaning in pediatric illness. Similarly, pediatric psychologists are advocates for inclusion, which may entail cultural adaptation of evidence-based protocols, facilitating understanding within medical teams, and navigating relationships with community supports. The last few years have also highlighted the importance of balance, wellness, self-care, and coping for health care providers, including pediatric psychologists. Method: This special issue sought regular empirical articles, topical and systematic reviews, commentaries, case studies, and provider perspectives showcasing clinical practice innovations and novel research on the intersecting roles of religion, faith, and spirituality in pediatric psychology. Results: The special issue includes 11 articles, encompassing topical reviews, qualitative and quantitative research, a commentary, and a bioethics-based case series. Many articles include actionable recommendations for addressing religion, faith, and spirituality in pediatric psychology. Conclusion: This collection of articles highlights important ways in which religion, faith, and spirituality have been integrated into pediatric psychology practice and research, and illuminates multiple future pathways for increased integration of this important aspect of identity. Implications for Impact Statement This special issue aims to highlight the role of religion, faith, and spirituality in clinical care, research, and advocacy within the field of pediatric psychology. Increased integration of these factors is key to enhancing our understanding and appreciation of diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Bi-allelic MYMX variants cause a syndromic congenital myopathy with recognizable facial palsy, growth restriction, and dysmorphism
Authors: Rahman Fatima , Marsili Luisa , Pasquetti Domizia , Rad Aboulfazl , Nadeem Anjum Muhammad , Oprea Gabriela , Cheema Huma Arshad , Vona Barbara , Augusto Alves Cesar , Houlden Henry , Maqbool Shazia , Efthymiou Stephanie , Smol Thomas , Maroofian Reza 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMyogenic fusion, primarily regulated by the Myomaker and Myomixer proteins, is essential for skeletal muscle development, yet its mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study presents the clinical and molecular details of the third and fourth reported patients with biallelic variants in MYMX, the gene that encodes Myomixer. We identified a homozygous truncating variant [c.107 T > A (p.Leu36Ter)] and a homozygous stop-codon loss variant [c.255 A > G (p.Ter85TrpextTer41)] in MYMX, both associated with a complex neuromuscular syndrome characterized by generalized hypotonia, congenital myopathy, facial nerve palsy, growth restriction and facial dysmorphism. Additional variable features include hearing loss (confirmed in one patient, suspected in the other), scoliosis, joint contractures, cleft palate, hypoglossia, potentially contributing to Pierre Robin sequence, and abnormalities on neuroimaging studies including cerebellar atrophy and Chiari 1 deformity. Comparative analysis of patients with pathogenic variants in MYMK and MYMX, including our cases, reveals largely overlapping phenotypes, underscoring their synergistic role in myofiber formation and implicating their involvement in the etiology of neuromuscular conditions.
African ancestry neurodegeneration risk variant disrupts an intronic branchpoint in GBA1
Authors: Álvarez Jerez Pilar , Wild Crea Peter , Ramos Daniel M. , Gustavsson Emil K. , Radefeldt Mandy , Damianov Andrey , Makarious Mary B. , Ojo Oluwadamilola O. , Billingsley Kimberley J. , Malik Laksh , Daida Kensuke , Bromberek Sarah , Hu Fangle , Schneider Zachary , Surapaneni Aditya L. , Stadler Julia , Rizig Mie , Morris Huw R. , Pantazis Caroline B. , Leonard Hampton L. , Screven Laurel , Qi Yue A. , Nalls Mike A. , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Hardy John , Houlden Henry , Eng Celeste , Burchard Esteban González , Kachuri Linda , Lin Chia-Ho , Black Douglas L. ,   Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2), Nalls Mike A. , Singleton Andrew B. , Fischer Steffen , Bauer Peter , Reed Xylena , Ryten Mina , Beetz Christian , Ward Michael , Okubadejo Njideka U. , Blauwendraat Cornelis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecently, an African ancestry-specific Parkinson disease (PD) risk signal was identified at the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase (GBA1). This variant (rs3115534-G) is carried by ~50% of West African PD cases and imparts a dose-dependent increase in risk for disease. The risk variant has varied frequencies across African ancestry groups but is almost absent in European and Asian ancestry populations. GBA1 is a gene of high clinical and therapeutic interest. Damaging biallelic protein-coding variants cause Gaucher disease and monoallelic variants confer risk for PD and dementia with Lewy bodies, likely by reducing the function of glucocerebrosidase. Interestingly, the African ancestry-specific GBA1 risk variant is a noncoding variant, suggesting a different mechanism of action. Using full-length RNA transcript sequencing, we identified partial intron 8 expression in risk variant carriers (G) but not in nonvariant carriers (T). Antibodies targeting the N terminus of glucocerebrosidase showed that this intron-retained isoform is likely not protein coding and subsequent proteomics did not identify a shorter protein isoform, suggesting that the disease mechanism is RNA based. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats editing of the reported index variant (rs3115534) revealed that this is the sequence alteration responsible for driving the production of these transcripts containing intron 8. Follow-up analysis of this variant showed that it is in a key intronic branchpoint sequence and, therefore, has important implications in splicing and disease. In addition, when measuring glucocerebrosidase activity, we identified a dose-dependent reduction in risk variant carriers. Overall, we report the functional effect of a GBA1 noncoding risk variant, which acts by interfering with the splicing of functional GBA1 transcripts, resulting in reduced protein levels and reduced glucocerebrosidase activity. This understanding reveals a potential therapeutic target in an underserved and underrepresented population.
Synergic effect of a MoS2–V2O5 heterostructure as an advanced catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad Tariq , Aqeel Rimsha , Zafar Amina , Nisar Amjad , Iftikhar Khan Muhammad , Ahmad Mashkoor 
Published: December 2024

The MoS2–V2O5 hetero-structure exhibits superior photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue due to the synergy as well as strong electronic interaction between MoS2 and V2O5 structures.
Augmenting Verb-Naming Therapy With Neuromodulation Decelerates Language Loss in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Sheppard Shannon M. , Goldberg Emily B. , Sebastian Rajani , Vitti Emilia , Ruch Kristina , Meier Erin L. , Hillis Argye E. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) paired with the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the left inferior frontal gyrus, which was compared to VNeST paired with a sham stimulation in primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Method:
A double-blind, within-subject, sham-controlled crossover design was used. Eight participants with PPA were enrolled. Participants were enrolled in two treatment phases, one with VNeST plus real tDCS and one with VNeST plus sham. Participants received fifteen 1-hr sessions of VNeST in each phase. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare changes between baseline and two follow-up time points (1 week and 8 weeks posttreatment) in naming trained verbs, untrained verbs, and untrained nouns; sentence production and comprehension; and producing content units and complete utterances in discourse.

Results:
VNeST was effective for significantly improving naming trained verbs and producing more complete utterances in discourse at 1 week posttreatment in both tDCS and sham conditions. A significant tDCS advantage yielded generalization of treatment effects to untrained verbs (at 1 week and 8 weeks posttreatment), sentence production (at 1 week posttreatment), and sentence comprehension (at 8 weeks posttreatment). Untrained verb naming and sentence comprehension declined when VNeST was not augmented with tDCS.

Conclusions:
Our findings provide emerging evidence that VNeST paired with tDCS can improve word finding, and other language abilities, in people with PPA. VNeST without neuromodulation can improve trained verb naming, but untrained verbs will likely decline faster when VNeST is not augmented with tDCS. Future research is required with a larger sample size to continue investigating the potential of treating word finding with VNeST and tDCS in PPA.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27914325
Neural fields for 3D tracking of anatomy and surgical instruments in monocular laparoscopic video clips
Authors: Gerats Beerend G. A. , Wolterink Jelmer M. , Mol Seb P. , Broeders Ivo A. M. J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLaparoscopic video tracking primarily focuses on two target types: surgical instruments and anatomy. The former could be used for skill assessment, while the latter is necessary for the projection of virtual overlays. Where instrument and anatomy tracking have often been considered two separate problems, in this article, a method is proposed for joint tracking of all structures simultaneously. Based on a single 2D monocular video clip, a neural field is trained to represent a continuous spatiotemporal scene, used to create 3D tracks of all surfaces visible in at least one frame. Due to the small size of instruments, they generally cover a small part of the image only, resulting in decreased tracking accuracy. Therefore, enhanced class weighting is proposed to improve the instrument tracks. The authors evaluate tracking on video clips from laparoscopic cholecystectomies, where they find mean tracking accuracies of 92.4% for anatomical structures and 87.4% for instruments. Additionally, the quality of depth maps obtained from the method's scene reconstructions is assessed. It is shown that these pseudo‐depths have comparable quality to a state‐of‐the‐art pre‐trained depth estimator. On laparoscopic videos in the SCARED dataset, the method predicts depth with an MAE of 2.9 mm and a relative error of 9.2%. These results show the feasibility of using neural fields for monocular 3D reconstruction of laparoscopic scenes. Code is available via GitHub: https://github.com/Beerend/Surgical‐OmniMotion.
Real‐time seedless post‐processing for quantum random number generators
Authors: Li Qian , Zhou Hongyi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractQuantum‐proof randomness extraction is essential for handling quantum side information possessed by a quantum adversary, which is widely applied in various quantum cryptography tasks. In this study, the authors introduce a real‐time two‐source quantum randomness extractor against quantum side information. The authors’ extractor is tailored for forward block sources, a novel category of min‐entropy sources introduced in this work. These sources retain the flexibility to accommodate a broad range of quantum random number generators. The authors’ online algorithms demonstrate the extraction of a constant fraction of min‐entropy from two infinitely long independent forward block sources. Moreover, the authors’ extractor is inherently block‐wise parallelisable, presenting a practical and efficient solution for the timely extraction of high‐quality randomness. Applying the authors’ extractors to the raw data of one of the most commonly used quantum random number generators, a simulated extraction speed as high as 64 Gbps is achieved.