bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOFAR 144-MHz follow-up observations of GW170817
Authors: Broderick J W , Shimwell T W , Gourdji K , Rowlinson A , Nissanke S , Hotokezaka K , Jonker P G , Tasse C , Hardcastle M J , Oonk J B R , Fender R P , Wijers R A M J , Shulevski A , Stewart A J , ter Veen S , Moss V A , van der Wiel M H D , Nichols D A , Piette A , Bell M E , Carbone D , Corbel S , Eislöffel J , Grießmeier J-M , Keane E F , Law C J , Muñoz-Darias T , Pietka M , Serylak M , van der Horst A J , van Leeuwen J , Wijnands R , Zarka P , Anderson J M , Bentum M J , Blaauw R , Brouw W N , Brüggen M , Ciardi B , de Vos M , Duscha S , Fallows R A , Franzen T M O , Garrett M A , Gunst A W , Hoeft M , Hörandel J R , Iacobelli M , Jütte E , Koopmans L V E , Krankowski A , Maat P , Mann G , Mulder H , Nelles A , Paas H , Pandey-Pommier M , Pekal R , Reich W , Röttgering H J A , Schwarz D J , Smirnov O , Soida M , Toribio M C , van Haarlem M P , van Weeren R J , Vocks C , Wucknitz O , Zucca P 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We present low-radio-frequency follow-up observations of AT 2017gfo, the electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817, which was the first binary neutron star merger to be detected by Advanced LIGO–Virgo. These data, with a central frequency of 144 MHz, were obtained with LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array. The maximum elevation of the target is just 13${_{.}^{\circ}}$7 when observed with LOFAR, making our observations particularly challenging to calibrate and significantly limiting the achievable sensitivity. On time-scales of 130–138 and 371–374 d after the merger event, we obtain 3σ upper limits for the afterglow component of 6.6 and 19.5 mJy beam−1, respectively. Using our best upper limit and previously published, contemporaneous higher frequency radio data, we place a limit on any potential steepening of the radio spectrum between 610 and 144 MHz: the two-point spectral index $\alpha ^{610}_{144} \gtrsim$ −2.5. We also show that LOFAR can detect the afterglows of future binary neutron star merger events occurring at more favourable elevations.
Rational Inattention, Competitive Supply, and Psychometrics*
Authors: Caplin Andrew , Csaba Dániel , Leahy John , Nov Oded 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe introduce a simple method of recovering attention costs from choice data. Our method rests on a precise analogy with production theory. Costs of attention determine consumer demand and consumer welfare, just as a competitive firm’s technology determines its supply curve and profits. We implement our recovery method experimentally, outline applications, and link our work to the broader literature on inattention and mistaken decisions.
Role of Organic Solute Transporter Alpha/Beta in Hepatotoxic Bile Acid Transport and Drug Interactions
Authors: Beaudoin James J , Bezençon Jacqueline , Sjöstedt Noora , Fallon John K , Brouwer Kim L R 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOrganic solute transporter (OST) α/β is a key bile acid transporter expressed in various organs, including the liver under cholestatic conditions. However, little is known about the involvement of OSTα/β in bile acid-mediated drug-induced liver injury (DILI), a major safety concern in drug development. This study investigated whether OSTα/β preferentially transports more hepatotoxic, conjugated, primary bile acids and to what extent xenobiotics inhibit this transport. Kinetic studies with OSTα/β-overexpressing cells revealed that OSTα/β preferentially transported bile acids in the following order: taurochenodeoxycholate &gt; glycochenodeoxycholate &gt; taurocholate &gt; glycocholate. The apparent half-maximal inhibitory concentrations for OSTα/β-mediated bile acid (5 µM) transport inhibition by fidaxomicin, troglitazone sulfate, and ethinyl estradiol were: 210, 334, and 1050 µM, respectively, for taurochenodeoxycholate; 97.6, 333, and 337 µM, respectively, for glycochenodeoxycholate; 140, 265, and 527 µM, respectively, for taurocholate; 59.8, 102, and 117 µM, respectively, for glycocholate. The potential role of OSTα/β in hepatocellular glycine-conjugated bile acid accumulation and cholestatic DILI was evaluated using sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH). Treatment of SCHH with the farnesoid X receptor agonist chenodeoxycholate (100 µM) resulted in substantial OSTα/β induction, among other proteomic alterations, reducing glycochenodeoxycholate and glycocholate accumulation in cells+bile 4.0- and 4.5-fold, respectively. Treatment of SCHH with troglitazone and fidaxomicin together under cholestatic conditions resulted in increased hepatocellular toxicity compared with either compound alone, suggesting that OSTα/β inhibition may accentuate DILI. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the role of OSTα/β in preferential disposition of bile acids associated with hepatotoxicity, the impact of xenobiotics on OSTα/β-mediated bile acid transport, and the role of this transporter in SCHH and cholestatic DILI.
Diesel Exhaust Extract Exposure Induces Neuronal Toxicity by Disrupting Autophagy
Authors: Barnhill Lisa M , Khuansuwan Sataree , Juarez Daniel , Murata Hiromi , Araujo Jesus A , Bronstein Jeff M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe vast majority of neurodegenerative disease cannot be attributed to genetic causes alone and as a result, there is significant interest in identifying environmental modifiers of disease risk. Epidemiological studies have supported an association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and disease risk. Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which diesel exhaust, a major component of air pollution, induces neurotoxicity. Using a zebrafish model, we found that exposure to diesel exhaust particulate extract caused behavioral deficits and a significant decrease in neuron number. The neurotoxicity was due, at least in part, to reduced autophagic flux, which is a major pathway implicated in neurodegeneration. This neuron loss occurred alongside an increase in aggregation-prone neuronal protein. Additionally, the neurotoxicity induced by diesel exhaust particulate extract in zebrafish was mitigated by co-treatment with the autophagy-inducing drug nilotinib. This study links environmental exposure to altered proteostasis in an in vivo model system. These results shed light on why long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases neurodegenerative disease risk and open up new avenues for exploring therapies to mitigate environmental exposures and promote neuroprotection.
L’inscription de l’hypothèque en droit des sûretés OHADA
Authors: Moutil Firmin Ghislain 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
L’inscription peut-elle être perçue comme une condition de validité de l’hypothèque ? L’acte uniforme donne une réponse imprécise. Aux termes de l’article 206 de l’AUS, « Tant que l’inscription n’est pas faite, l’acte d’hypothèque est inopposable aux tiers et constitue, entre les parties, une promesse synallagmatique qui les oblige à procéder à la publicité ». L’examen de cette disposition laisse voir qu’au-delà du rôle de publicité assigné à l’inscription hypothécaire, le législateur OHADA tend à faire aussi de l’inscription une condition implicite de validité de l’hypothèque en considérant l’hypothèse comme étant une promesse synallagmatique en l’absence de l’inscription, ce d’autant qu’en l’absence d’inscription de l’hypothèque consentie, le créancier reste chirographaire. Une telle ambivalence de l’article 206 de l’AUS pourrait être, non seulement sujette à de nombreux contentieux, mais aussi à l’origine du détournement de l’objet de l’inscription. Pour se prémunir de tout ceci, la meilleure approche pour le législateur OHADA pourrait consister en la réécriture de l’article 206 de l’AUS afin de lever toute équivoque sur la nature de l’inscription qui demeure avant tout une exigence de publicité et non une condition de formation de la convention d’hypothèque en l’absence de laquelle la convention d’hypothèque est nulle entre le créancier bénéficiaire d’hypothèque et le constituant.
Mots-clés: Inscription, hypothèque, garantie immobilière, sûreté, droit OHADA
Can registration be seen as a condition of validity of the mortgage? The uniform act gives an imprecise answer. According to Article 206 of the AUS, “As long as the mortgage deed is not registered, it shall not be binding on third parties and shall constitute to the parties thereto an exchange of promises which shall impose on them the obligation to have the deed registered” The review of this provision shows that beyond the advertising role assigned to mortgage registration, the OHADA legislator also tends to make the registration an implied term of validity of the mortgage by considering the hypothesis as being a synallagmatic promise in the absence of registration, especially since in the absence of registration of the hypothec granted, the creditor remains unsecured. Such an equivalence of Article 206 of the UAS could be not only subject to many litigations, but also to the misappropriation of the object of registration. To guard against all this, the best approach for the OHADA legislator could be to rewrite Article 206 of the UAS to remove any ambiguity about the nature of the listing, which remains primarily a requirement for publicity, not a formal condition of the mortgage agreement in the absence of which the mortgage agreement is void between the mortgage beneficiary and the grantor.
Association of the First 1,000 Days Systems-Change Intervention on Maternal Gestational Weight Gain
Authors: Blake-Lamb Tiffany , Boudreau Alexy Arauz , Matathia Sarah , Perkins Meghan E. , Roche Brianna , Cheng Erika R. , Kotelchuck Milton , Shtasel Derri , Taveras Elsie M. 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE:To examine the associations of a clinical and public health systems-change intervention on the prevalence of excess gestational weight gain among high-risk, low-income women.METHODS:In a quasi-experimental trial, we compared the prevalence of excess gestational weight gain among women before (n=643) and after (n=928) implementation of the First 1,000 Days program in two community health centers in Massachusetts. First 1,000 Days is a systematic program starting in early pregnancy and lasting through the first 24 months of childhood to prevent obesity among mother–child pairs. The program includes enhanced gestational weight gain tracking and counseling, screening for adverse health behaviors and sociocontextual factors, patient navigation and educational materials to support behavior change and social needs, and individualized health coaching for women at high risk for excess gestational weight gain based on their prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) or excess first-trimester weight gain. The primary outcome was gestational weight gain greater than the 2009 Institute of Medicine (now known as the National Academy of Medicine) guidelines according to prepregnancy BMI.RESULTS:Among 1,571 women in the analytic sample, mean (SD) age was 30.0 (5.9) years and prepregnancy BMI was 28.1 (6.1); 65.8% of women started pregnancy with BMIs of 25 or higher, and 53.2% were Hispanic. We observed a lower prevalence (55.8–46.4%; unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.97), similar to results in a multivariable analysis (adjusted OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.99), of excess gestational weight gain among women with prepregnancy BMIs between 25 and 29.9. Among women who were overweight at the start of pregnancy, the lowest odds of excess gestational weight gain were observed among those with the most interaction with the program's components. Program enrollment was not associated with reduced excess gestational weight gain among women with prepregnancy BMIs of 30 or higher.CONCLUSIONS:Implementation of a systems-change intervention was associated with modest reduction in excess gestational weight gain among women who were overweight but not obese at the start of pregnancy.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03191591.
Brachial Plexus Birth Injury in the Preterm Infant: Suspecting the Unsuspected
Authors: Wang Kemble K. , Waters Peter M. , Bas Marcel A. , Bauer Andrea S. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Prematurity is usually considered as a protective factor for brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI). However, BPBI can occur in the preterm infant, and can cause significant dysfunction and morbidity. There is scant literature regarding this subgroup of patients with BPBI.

Methods:
Patients were identified through a retrospective search of a prospective BPBI registry at a single tertiary pediatric referral center. Prematurity was defined as birth at or before gestational age of 36 (6/7) weeks. Thirty-six arms in 34 patients were included in this study. Data were obtained from patient charts documenting standardized brachial plexus clinical examinations at each visit, medical imaging, questionnaires for parents, and outside perinatal records brought in by parents.

Results:
The youngest infant identified with BPBI was born at 23 weeks’ gestation. Median birth weight was 3005 g (range: 580 to 4600 g). Twenty-nine arms in 28 patients were categorized into the “late preterm group” [34 to 36 (6/7) weeks gestation], and 7 arms in 6 patients were categorized into the “early preterm group” (<34 wk). Four of 6 (67%) subjects in the early preterm group were delivered vaginally in the breech position, compared with 4 of 28 subjects (14%) in the late preterm group (P=0.02). All 3 twin gestation infants with BPBI were the younger twin and born vaginally in the breech position. Delayed diagnosis (>7 d) occurred in 11 arms in 10 subjects (31%). Median delay in diagnosis was 73 days (range: 10 to 1340 d). Spontaneous recovery of antigravity elbow flexion occurred in 65% of arms (at median 5 mo, range: 1 to 17 mo). Overall, 89% (32/36) of arms with BPBI had residual neurological deficit and 53% (19/36) of arms underwent at least 1 surgical intervention at latest follow-up (median age at latest follow-up: 60 mo, range: 1 to 237 mo).

Conclusions:
BPBI in preterm infants is rare but does occur and can cause significant morbidity. Delayed diagnosis of BPBI is common in preterm infants. A high index of suspicion should be maintained to avoid delayed diagnosis that may jeopardize treatment options. Preterm infants may be more susceptible to birth trauma from breech deliveries and shoulder dystocia, as evidenced by far higher incidence of these factors compared with term infants with BPBI in literature.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Estimation and Tracking of Blood Pressure Using Routinely Acquired Photoplethysmographic Signals and Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Schlesinger Oded , Vigderhouse Nitai , Moshe Yair , Eytan Danny 
Published: April 2020

Objectives:
Continuous tracking of blood pressure in critically ill patients allows rapid identification of clinically important changes and helps guide treatment. Classically, such tracking requires invasive monitoring with its associated risks, discomfort, and low availability outside critical care units. We hypothesized that information contained in a prevalent noninvasively acquired signal (photoplethysmograph: a byproduct of pulse oximetry) combined with advanced machine learning will allow continuous estimation of the patient’s blood pressure.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study with split sampling for model training and testing.

Setting:
A single urban academic hospital.

Patients:
Three-hundred twenty-nine adult patients admitted to a critical care unit.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
One hundred thirty-six thousand four-hundred fifty-nine photoplethysmography waveforms of length 30 seconds were used for training (60%), validation (20%), and testing (20%) of the blood pressure estimation network. Each sample had an associated systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures extracted from concurrently recorded invasive arterial line waveforms. Blood pressure estimation using photoplethysmography waveforms is achieved using advanced machine learning methods (convolutional neural networks and a Siamese architectural configuration) calibrated for each patient on a single, first available photoplethysmography sample and associated blood pressure reading. The average estimation bias error was 0.52, 0.1, and –0.76 mm Hg for diastolic, mean, and systolic blood pressure, respectively, with associated mean absolute errors of 4.11, 5.51, and 7.98 mm Hg. If used to identify clinically important changes in blood pressure from the initial baseline, with a threshold of a 10 mm Hg increase or decrease in blood pressure, our algorithm shows an accuracy of 85%, 78%, and 74% for diastolic, mean, and systolic blood pressure, respectively. We also report the network’s performance in detecting systolic and diastolic hypo- or hypertension with accuracies ranging from 86% to 97%.

Conclusions:
Using advanced machine learning tools, we show that blood pressure estimation can be achieved using a common noninvasively recorded signal, the photoplethysmography. Such tools can allow for better monitoring of patients that do not have invasively recorded blood pressure, both in the critical care setting and on inpatient wards.
Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery for Treatment of Residual or Recurrent Endolymphatic Sac Tumor Following Previous Microsurgical Resection
Authors: Totten Douglas J. , Manzoor Nauman F. , Sherry Alexander D. , Khattab Mohamed H. , Link Michael J. , Cmelak Anthony J. , Haynes David S. , Rivas Alejandro , Carlson Matthew L. , Attia Albert 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
To report and discuss the effectiveness of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated radiotherapy (FRT) for tumor control following surgical resection of endolymphatic sac tumors (ELST).

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Multi-institutional academic referral centers.

Patients:
Patients undergoing surgical resection for ELST followed by SRS or FRT.

Intervention(s):
Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy.

Main Outcome Measures:
Local tumor control.

Results:
Two of the five patients experienced tumor recurrence after gross total microsurgical at 78 and 11 months, respectively. The former patient received salvage 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and while the latter patient underwent three courses of salvage SRS for recurrence, two of which were in-field and was disease-free at last follow up. Two additional patients underwent subtotal tumor resection (STR) followed by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and are currently without disease. One patient underwent STR followed by proton-beam therapy (PBT) and was free of disease at most recent follow-up.

Conclusion:
SRS/FRT remains a useful adjuvant for treatment of residual or recurrent ELSTs, where the risk of revision microsurgical resection is high.
Photoreceptor assessment in focal laser-treated central serous chorioretinopathy using adaptive optics and fundus autofluorescence
Authors: Ochinciuc Radu , Ochinciuc Uliana , Stanca Horia T. , Barac Ramona , Darabus Diana , Şuţă Marius , Baltă Florian , Burcea Marian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study analyzed cone density, cone mosaic, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images in patients with focal laser-treated central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Observational case series.Forty-two eyes of 21 patients with unilateral treated CSC and bilateral best-corrected visual acuity of 1.0 (decimal fraction) were included. FAF and cone mosaic images were obtained in all patients with an adaptive optics fundus camera. Densities were recorded at 20 points throughout the macula, and choroidal thicknesses were measured.Mean choroidal thicknesses were 419.95 ± 110.33 μm in normal eyes, 459.09 ± 90.07 μm in eyes with active CSC, and 438.61 ± 107.57 μm in treated eyes. The highest density of cones in healthy eyes was 38146 cones/mm2, with a 5.66-μm intercellular space (IS), at 700 μm temporal to the center. In eyes with treated CSC, the highest density was 32749 cones/mm2, with a 6.13-μm IS, at 500 μm nasal to the center. In all quadrants, median values of maximum cone density were significantly higher in healthy eyes (P = .02,P = .003,P = .0001, andP = .001). Three types of lesions were identified on FAF and were correlated with those on cone mosaic images. Strong correlations were detected between the presence of hypoautofluorescent lesions on the first FAF image and a greater difference between maximum values of photoreceptor density (r2 = 0.46,P = .03), as well as between the presence of hypoautofluorescent lesions and the duration of pathology (r2 = 0.68,P < .001).The presence of hypoautofluorescent lesions and the duration of pathology were negative prognostic factors in CSC. Laser treatment could prevent photoreceptor loss.
Clinical and sonographic features of nipple lesions
Authors: Cai Siman , Wang Hongyan , Zhu Qingli , Li Jianchu , Sun Qiang , Jiang Yuxin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this study was to present several cases of benign and malignant nipple lesions and contribute to diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 13 patients. All of the patients were evaluated by ultrasonography, and 11 of them had pathological results. We analyzed the clinical and sonographic features.

Results:
There were 3 malignant lesions, 7 benign lesions, and 3 congenital nipple dysplasia, listed as follows:
Malignant lesions (n = 3, 23%): Paget's disease (PD, n = 3, 23%). All of the patients with PD showed unilateral nipple erosion, discharge, and pain. The ultrasound showed abundant blood flow (n = 3, 23%); 2 patients (n = 2, 15%) had microcalcifications.
Benign lesions (n = 7, 54%): Adenoma of the nipple (n = 2, 15%). One patient (n = 1, 8%) had nipple erosion and discharge. Two patients (n = 2, 15%) had a palpable nodule in the nipple. The ultrasound of both patients (n = 2, 15%) showed regular-shaped, clear border nodule with abundant blood flow (n = 2, 15%).
Leiomyoma of the nipple (n = 1, 8%): This male patient was characterized by unilateral nipple enlargement and pain. The ultrasound showed a regular nodule with absent blood flow.
Plasma cell mastitis (n = 2, 15%): Two patients showed unilateral nipple inversion and pain. One patient (n = 1, 8%) showed swollen and redness. The 2 patients showed a lesion in the gland around the nipple present as an irregular shape and unclear boundary hypoechoic mass.
Nipple wart (n = 2, 15%): Two patients showed a unilateral soft exogenous neoplasm. Both of the patients showed a hypoechoic wart; the echo was similar to the nipple, the border was clear, and had no blood flow in the wart.
Nipple Dysplasia (n = 3, 23%): Accessory nipple (n = 3, 23%). Two patients (n = 2, 15%) had accessory nipples in the subcoastal area, 1 patient (n = 1, 8%) in the areolar. All of the patients’ sonographic features were the same as the nipple.
The positive predict value (PPV) of the clinical symptoms: Erosion and discharge are both 75% (P < 0.05). The PPV of the US manifestations: irregular shape, indictinct margin, abundant blood flow, microcalcification, thicken skin in diagnosing malignant lesions are 60%,60%,60%,100%,100%, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The characteristic sonographic features together with clinical symptoms contribute to the diagnosis of nipple lesions.