bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLS Generalized Linear Regression and Kernel Multilogit Algorithm (KMA) for Microarray Data Classiﬁcation Problem
Authors: Wagala Adolphus , González-Farías Graciela , Ramos Rogelio , Dalmau Oscar 
Published: August 2020

This study involves the implentation of the extensions of the partial least squares generalized linear regression (PLSGLR) by combining it with logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis, to get a partial least squares generalized linear regression-logistic regression model (PLSGLR-log), and a partial least squares generalized linear regression-linear discriminant analysis model (PLSGLRDA). A comparative study of the obtained classiﬁers with the classical methodologies like the k-nearest neighbours (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), ridge partial least squares (RPLS), and support vector machines(SVM) is then carried out. Furthermore, a new methodology known as kernel multilogit algorithm (KMA) is also implemented and its performance compared with those of the other classiﬁers. The KMA emerged as the best classiﬁer based on the lowest classiﬁcation error rates compared to the others when applied to the types of data are considered; the un- preprocessed and preprocessed.
An Optimal Design Criterion for Within-Individual Covariance Matrices Discrimination and Parameter Estimation in Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models
Authors: López-Ríos Victor Ignacio , Castañeda-López María Eugenia 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we consider the problem of nding optimal populationdesigns for within-individual covariance matrices discrimination andparameter estimation in nonlinear mixed eects models. A compound optimality criterion is provided, which combines an estimation criterion and a discrimination criterion. We used the D-optimality criterion for parameter estimation, which maximizes the determinant of the Fisher information matrix. For discrimination, we propose a generalization of the T-optimality criterion for xed-eects models. Equivalence theorems are provided for these criteria. We illustrated the application of compound criteria with an example in a pharmacokinetic experiment.
MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK UNTUK MELEK LITERASI
Authors: Wahyuni Santi 
Published: August 2020

Pembelajaran berbasis proyek merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran untuk menciptakan peserta didik yang melek literasi, dianggap relevan dengan pendidikan abad 21 (abad pengetahuan) dan era Revolusi Industri 4.0, karena sumber daya manusia yang diproses dengan model pembelajaran ini dapat mengoptimalkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap, sehingga menghasilkan output tidak hanya manusia yang konsumtif, namun mampu menjadi ahli dan profesional dalam beragam bidang sesuai dengan potensi, minat, dan bakatnya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui manajemen pembelajaran berbasis proyek untuk melek literasi pada peserta didik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif model fenomenologi, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian, terdapat efektivitas mulai dari pengamatan sampai tahap presentasi merupakan kegiatan dari melek literasi yang berhasil dicapai dengan baik. Efisiensi dalam segi waktu, peserta didik dalam waktu bersamaan dapat menggunakan beragam media dan bahan ajar serta menyampaian informasi, sedangkan secara materil tempat untuk mendapat informasi gratis, dan pembuatan proyek menggunakan barang-barang bekas. Adapun faktor pendukungnya, sumber daya manusia di sekolah yang memumpuni untuk melakukan inovasi pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik saat ini. Sedangkan hambatannya adalah kurangnya manajemen waktu dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis proyek, sehingga tidak dapat berjalan secara maksimal.Kata kunci: Manajemen, Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek, Literasi
Social Competence of Secondary Schools Adolescents
Authors: Šniras Šarūnas 
Published: August 2020

Indicator of social competence of secondary schools adolescent boys and girls aged 15–16 is analyzed in the article.
The aim of the investigation is to reveal the level of the indicators of social competence of adolescents aged 15–16 according to their sex.
Social competence of secondary schools adolescents aged 15–16 is the object study. 371 adolescents (192 girls and 179 boys) aged 15–16 from secondary schools participated in the study. The results of the research that evaluation of boys and girls from secondary schools according to some level of indicators is different. While comparing distribution of different groups of boys and girls according to the level of indicator of social competence statistically reliable difference was revealed: according to general trust (χ²(2) = 8.76; p < 0.05), resistance to failure and criticism (χ²(2) = 7.57; p < 0.05), ability to express feelings (χ²(2) = 6.84; p < 0.05), ability to ash for help (χ²(2) = 9.08; p < 0.05). The results showed that adolescents boys of secondary schools have a higher level of indicators of general self-confidence (p <0.05), resistance to failure and criticism (p < 0.05) than girls.
It was revealed that girls and disposed to express then feelings (p < 0.05) and are able to ask for help more often (p < 0.05) than boys. However evaluation of secondary schools boys and girls statistically reliably was not different according to such indicators of social competence as uncompromise (p > 0.05), ability to demand (p >0.05), not to feel guilty (p > 0.05).
Master Studies in Education Sciences in Today’s Society: The Graduates’ Attitude
Authors: Pilkienė Simona , Sajienė Laima 
Published: August 2020

European Higher Education Area, the market economy and the labor market, the change of concept of study quality and its relation to the labor market, the changes of society and concept of vocational education influence the university and labor market interactions. The research problem – the curriculum of master studies in education sciences does not reflect actual interaction between mass higher education and the labor market needs. The article seeks to identify the approach of graduates to mission of master studies in education science in today’s society, the importance of the development of their personality and professional career.
The results have shown that the mass phenomenon of the graduates of higher education in education sciences is perceived positively: the aim of mass higher education is to develop a holistic education of person, not specifically defied professional activities. Graduates evaluating the mission of master studies in education sciences, in the context of needs of labor market, distinguish the independent, critical-thinking, innovation developing education of personality. Such a choice confirms the importance of master studies in education sciences to analysis of the results of personal life.
Master of Education sciences enrolls students with the motivation to continue their studies in education, some of them are already working in the education system.
Master studies of Education sciences is focused on the research works, quality of education assessment and development of managerial competencies. Meanwhile, little attention has been paid to educational policy analysis, career guidance, expertise, consultancy, project work skills development. While the pedagogical competence development in education graduate studies has been given little attention, but graduates in this professional activities feel strong and think that researchers with Master degree of education science also need a teacher qualification.
Most of the graduates had not the opportunity to practice, but notes that they were missing. In postgraduate student opinion, practice should aim to adapt existing theoretical knowledge and abilities in specific work situations and gain the skills and experience needed for their future careers.
Most of the surveyed graduates work in the field of education. However, the unanimous consensus, whether professional activities require the master of education sciences degree, is absent. Graduates with Master of Education Sciences degree have occupied various positions in professional activities: from the highest executive positions to specialist in administrative, didactic, project and research area.
Importance of Spiritual Education for Present and Future School: M. Lukšienė’s Insights
Authors: Martišauskienė Elvyda 
Published: August 2020

Spiritual education derives from the conception of a human being as intersection and unity of spiritual, psychical and physical dimension. Spiritual dimension, as a part of supernatural reality, performs a fundamental and unifying function in the becoming of an individual but it is not approachable through positivist research methods. Due to this reason, spiritual dimension of personality is inconceivable to apologists of materialism and pragmatism, unapproachable theoreticians of relativism. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand spiritual parameters of an individual (freedom, truth, love) that manifest themselves through principles of humanism, nationality and democracy.
Since its very beginning, the education reform has been grounded on links of an individual and culture because namely, the spiritual dimension enables a human being to become a personality, to create culture and oneself. M. Lukšienė perceives holistic understanding of culture as a highly relevant aspect and education as a component of culture process, which derives from spiritual roots. Therefore, links of personality and culture are fundamentals of education reform.
Discussing the relation between change and stability of education, M. Lukšienė directs our attention to spiritual values, approaching them as common denominator of present and future school as well as a guarantee of education reform. She also presents conception of spirituality, links of transcendental dimension, penetrates into the essence and spread of freedom, openness and dignity, and raises concern about moral, national and civic education.
Contemporary focuses of education problems emerge at school deriving from the very depths of spiritual education. The main concern regards evaluation of teachers’ work and their training; knowledge commercialization and transfer of related business models to spiritual relations; establishment of education goals eliminating spiritual values or failing to understand mechanism of their (self-)development; prioritization of education methods; nurturance of patriotism, national culture, limits of freedom and other aspects, which were pointed out by M. Lukšienė.
The Subject of Theatre in the Lithuanian School: Relationships within the General Educational Cultural Context
Authors: Kazragytė Vida 
Published: August 2020

The article investigates the rather new educational phenomenon – about twenty years ago under the impact of educational reform the theatre subject teaching was introduced. In many neighbor’s countries there is no such separate theatre subject still yet. The focus of the article is on the relationships between the curricula of theatre subject (2008, 2001) and the practice of long-lived non-formal education of children and youth of Lithuania. The curricula of theatre subject were prepared according to comprehensive discipline-arts education conception formed in United States of Amerika. Taking into account the notion of M. Lukšienė, that experience of other cultures, as well as the educational innovations must be adopted according to “own cultural model”, the attention is paid to analysis how curricula of theatre subject are grounded on traditions of Lithuanian non-formal education, especially its artistic trend. The self-expression paradigm or psychological trend of theatre education is less evident in our context.
The roots of artistic trend are in Jesuit’s school theatre that existed in Lithuania 1570–1843. The artistic trend was recreated at the end of 20th century in non-formal theatre education in Lithuania by relaying on the professional theatre pedagogy (the training of professional theatre pedagogues started, the first books of methodology of theatre education appeared). Analysis showed that common concepts, as “theatre” and “education through theatre” are those which relate artistic trend of non-formal theatre education with curricula of theatre subject, accordingly, which are grounded on discipline-based art education conception. Especially that is clear from the revealing of content of “education through theatre” concept and explaining its formative and cognitive impacts on children and youth who are acting the roles created by dramaturge. The biggest challenge related with coming of theatre subject as separate, is the creating of theatre knowledge appropriated for school children. Now the theatre subject curricula describe the knowledge which are known in professional theatre pedagogy and in artistic trend of non-formal theatre education, but only in part. Thy must be expanded by new knowledge which will be get by way of externalization from direct practice. Also, there is a need of artistic orientation of theatre didactics – that can guarantee the succession of the best traditions of Lithuanian‘s theatre education and encourage their development.
Evaluating the motivation of students to become teachers during admission into education-related study programes
Authors: Bagdžiūnienė Dalia , Kazlauskienė Aušra , Liniauskaitė Audronė , Nasvytienė Dalia , Sakadolskienė Emilija , Šečkuvienė Henrika 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research articlewas to analyse attributes of the method used to evaluate the motivation of students entering education-related study programmes to eventually become educators. The research was conducted in two phases. During the first phase students who had undergone the motivation evaluation from 2010 to 2012 and were now first, second or third-year students in education-related study programmes at the Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, at Klaipėda University, and the University of Šiauliai filled out questionnaires. During the second phase questionnaires were collected from those who underwent the motivation evaluation in 2013 at those same universities. The samples consisted of 614 students and 682 student candidates.
Research methods included a review of relevant research and education documents, as well as a survey. The questionnaire consisted of scaled responses to assertions and independent questions. Satisfaction with university studies, the intention to become a teacher, intrinsic motivation to strive for a profession in education, and study engagement were evaluated using scales. Other questions disclosed information about the evaluation of their motivation to become an educator during the admission process, the students’ grade point average for the previous semester, about the oral and written questions that were presented to them during the evaluation, as well as the respondents’ age, gender, university, and year of study.
An examination of documents from Lithuania and other countries revealed the importance of having a national mechanism for selecting motivated students for education-related study programmes to insure quality teacher education, the expedient use of funds, and turning teaching into a high-status profession in the public view. Research has shown that those countries that have more demanding mechanisms for selecting people for teacher education are also the countries with higher pupil achievement than countries in which selection procedures are absent. Results of the empirical research show that the motivation evaluation method is suitably reliable and valid.There are positive correlations between the student sample’s motivation evaluation scores and grade-point average, satisfaction and engagement in the study programme, intrinsic motivation and intention to become a teacher. Motivation evaluation scores of teacher education candidates correlates positively with intrinsic motivation, as well as intention to become a teacher. More than 60 percent of the candidates indicated that participation in the motivation evaluation reinforced their determination to major in education and to become a teacher in the future.
Seasonal variation in the diversity of flowering orchids at Santa Catarina Lachatao, Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Muñoz-Hernández Arelee Estefanía , Figueroa castro Dulce María , Campos-Villanueva Álvaro 
Published: August 2020

Background: Orchidaceae represents around 7.1-8.52 % of the angiosperms known in the planet. In Mexico, orchids are the third family more diverse, and Oaxaca is the state with the highest richness in the country. Orchids are widely distributed in tropical environments, but they are also distributed in temperate forests, where they have been scarcely studied.
Questions: What is the diversity of orchid species at the locality of Santa Catarina Lachatao? Which subfamilies and growth forms are distributed at that locality? Do the community of orchids flowers differentially between seasons?
Studied species: Species of the Orchidaceae family.
Study site and dates: Santa Catarina Lachatao, Oaxaca, 2017-2018.
Methods: Orchids were collected monthly throughout a year. Collected specimens were identified. Richness, abundance and diversity index were estimated for the whole flowering community, and per subfamily and growth form. These parameters were compared between seasons.
Results: The community of orchids was composed by 4,933 flowering individuals from 74 species from the subfamilies Epidendroideae and Orchidoideae. Orchids with terrestrial, epiphyte, and rupicolous growth forms were collected. Total diversity index and species composition varied between seasons. Seasonal variation in abundance, diversity and species composition per subfamily and per growth form was also detected.
Conclusions: Orchid diversity at the locality is high (9.68 % of the richness recorded for Oaxaca), and varies between seasons. The high species richness, the endemisms and endangered species found, call to take prompt actions to protect and manage the forest to assure its conservation and the diversity within it.
Germination of seven species of shrubs in semiarid central Mexico: Effect of drought and seed size
Authors: Gelviz-Gelvez Sandra M. , Pavón Numa P. , Flores Rivas Joel , Barragan Felipe , Paz Horacio 
Published: August 2020

Background: In semiarid ecosystems, many plant species are tolerant to drought. However, increased aridity as a result of climatic change could modify the capacity of germination and establishment.
Hypothesis: Under drought conditions, small-seeded species will tend to germinate in higher proportions than large-seeded species because the former have larger surface-to-volume ratio, allowing for more rapid water uptake.
Study species: Ageratina espinosarum , Flourensia resinosa , Montanoa tomentosa and Gymnosperma glutinosum (Asteraceae), Dalea bicolor , Eysenhardtia polystachya and Mimosa pringlei (Fabacecae) .
Study site: Hidalgo, Mexico. September 2015. Methods: We evaluated the effect of five water potential treatments on seed germination. Four dishes (replicates), each with 25 seeds, were used in each treatment. Seeds of each species were weighed and the relationship between seed germination under water stress and seed size was obtained.
Results: Germination decreased as water potential was reduced; almost no seeds germinated at -0.8 MPa. The least sensitive species was Eysenhardtia polystachya , whose germination reached 35 % at -0.6 MPa. A positive relationship was found between seed size and germination proportion under water stress.
Conclusions: Contrary to expectation, germination was higher in the large-seeded species in all drought treatments, suggesting that large seeds may have a greater capacity to retain water in dry environments.
Desarrollo y anatomía floral de dos especies de Echinocereus de la Sierra de Juárez, Chihuahua, México
Authors: Villalpando-Martínez Marlee Coral , De la Torre Sheila , Terrazas Teresa , Figueroa Batalla Coyolxauhqui 
Published: August 2020

Antecedentes: La investigación sobre la ontogenia floral en cactáceas es escasa; ésta es fundamental para conocer la identidad de los órganos florales e identificar caracteres taxonómicos valiosos. En esta investigación se analizó y comparó el desarrollo floral de dos especies de Echinocereus.
Hipótesis: El desarrollo de los verticilos florales de las dos especies de Echinocereus será en orden centrípeto.
Especies de estudio: Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) F. Seitz, 1870 (Sección Costati ) y E. coccineus Engelm., 1848 (Sección Triglochidiati ).
Sitio de estudio: Sierra de Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, año 2019.
Métodos: Se recolectaron yemas, botones florales y flores en antesis y se procesaron por medio de técnicas de microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido.
Resultados: Se establecieron ocho etapas del desarrollo floral, desde la organogénesis temprana hasta la antesis. Las yemas florales son errumpentes. La organogénesis es centrípeta en el siguiente orden: tépalos externos, tépalos internos, estambres y carpelos. La diferenciación de los estambres es centrífuga, con particularidades en cada especie. Los carpelos muestran fusión congénita, desarrollando un gineceo sincárpico, unilocular y con placentación parietal. La porción apical de los carpelos forma los lóbulos del estigma (8-12). Se observó constantemente la bifurcación de uno de los lóbulos del estigma en ambas especies.
Conclusiones: El lóbulo estigmático bifurcado podría tener valor taxonómico, pero deberá ser evaluado posteriormente en estudios comparativos que incluyan otras especies de Echinocereus . Esta investigación permitió comprender como se forma cada órgano floral y detectar caracteres con importancia taxonómica como la epidermis taninífera de los tépalos y el grosor de la columna.
Bioprospección modulada por la fenología, el sexo y el gradiente altitudinal: el caso de Baccharis conferta sobre Myrothecium roridum y Alternaria solani
Authors: Sánchez-Velásquez Lázaro Rafael , Ruiz-Gómez María Guadalupe , Cen-Pacheco Francisco Abelardo , Pineda-López María del Rosario , Bravo-Ruiz Omar , Alarcón-Gutiérrez Enrique 
Published: August 2020

Antecedentes: La bioprospección incluye la búsqueda de metabolitos secundarios para ser usados como fármacos, fungicidas o insecticidas. Los metabolitos secundarios en plantas pueden variar de acuerdo con su estado fenológico, sexo y por el ambiente, por lo tanto, estos elementos deben ser considerados en la bioprospección.
Preguntas: 1) ¿Son diferentes las fenofases de Baccharis conferta entre organismos de diferente sexo y a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal? y 2) ¿Tienen actividad biológica las diferentes concentraciones de extractos etanólicos de diferente sexo, fenofases y altitudes de B. conferta sobre el crecimiento in vitro de Myrothecium roridum y Alternaria solani ?
Especies estudiadas: Baccharis conferta Kunth , Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. y Alternaria solani Sor.
Sitio de estudio y fechas: Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, septiembre 2017 a octubre 2018.
Métodos: Registro mensual de fenofases en plantas de ambos sexos de B. conferta en tres altitudes del Cofre de Perote. Actividad antifúngica in vitro de extractos de B. conferta sobre Myrothecium roridum y Alternaria solani .
Resultados: Observamos diferencias ( p < 0.05) en la presencia y duración de las fenofases de B. conferta entre sexos y altitudes. También hubo diferencias significativas de los extractos provenientes de organismos de diferentes altitudes y fenofases sobre el crecimiento de M. roridum y A. solani .
Conclusiones: Las fenofases de Baccharis conferta son diferentes entre sexos y a través de la altitud, además sus extractos (entre sexos y altitud) tienen efectos diferenciales sobre el crecimiento in vitro de Myrothecium roridum y Alternaria solani .