bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onodi cells and endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Munjal Manish , Bhatia Suneet , Rishi Porshia , Tuli Nitika , Singh Harjinder , Talwar Shivam , Sharma Salony , Munjal Shubham 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The optic nerve is susceptible to injury during endoscopic surgical intervention in the sphenoethmoidal region.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective analysis of 157 axial computed tomography sections through the sphenoid sinus of randomly selected cases from the departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Neurosurgery, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana was undertaken during the period 2002 to 2004. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A computed tomographic study of the Onodi cells, of this region was carried out in 157 axial scans. The incidence of Onodi cells was 12.10% with predominance of left sided and indirect type of cells in our study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Thorough pre-operative evaluation of sphenoethmoidal region optic nerve and extent of pathology is essential to avoid the irreversible complication of optic nerve injury.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
A profile on parotid surgeries
Authors: K. S. Gangadhara , Bhat Amrutha V. , S. Sridhara 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A study of the various parotid swellings that underwent surgery in a tertiary care hospital was conducted. Different parameters like preoperative investigations including fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and radiological investigations, modified aesthetic incision, type of surgery and outcome following surgery were assessed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective institutional based study. A total of 19 cases of parotid swellings were considered. A new aesthetically acceptable incision was used in all patients. Post operatively, facial nerve and other complications were assessed. A comparison between FNAC diagnosis and histopathology diagnosis was made. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The FNAC and histopathological examination results were same in 15 of the 19 cases considered. All patients were followed up for a period of 6 months and the post-operative scar was well accepted by all patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pleomorphic adenoma, one of the most common causes of parotid swelling, is well diagnosed by FNAC. Ultrasonography is a useful tool to diagnose benign parotid tumours. The modified incision used gives an imperceptible scar post operatively.</p>
Traumatic facial nerve palsy: evaluation and surgical management
Authors: Shah Chaitry K. , Gupta Shalu , Prajapati Bela J. , Gupta Devang P. , Prajapati Viral 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Acute facial paralysis can result from various causes, among which intra temporal facial palsy is relatively common. Of all the cranial nerves, the facial nerve is most susceptible to injury due to its long course within the skull. Diagnosis of facial palsy is usually made by a good clinical history, examination and radiological investigations. Electrophysiological tests are important for prognosis and optimal time for surgery. The aim is to study the evaluation and surgical management in traumatic cause of facial nerve palsy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 50 patients presented with facial nerve palsy due to trauma in civil hospital Ahmedabad over a period of 1 year from May 2018 to 2019. Patients were examined and graded using House and Brackmann grading system. All the patients were evaluated and treated by surgical decompression. Follow up was carried out upto 6 months. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The cause of facial nerve palsy in all 50 patients was accidental head trauma. All the patients were managed by surgical decompression. 46 out of 50 patients managed surgically had good recovery with restoration of complete facial nerve function. 4 out 50 patients had poor recovery due to late presentation. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early initiation of treatment is important for favorable recovery of facial nerve function after trauma. Surgical treatment is indicated in suspected bony impingement of nerve. Surgical decompression if done early usually results in very good recovery. </p>
Relevance of indirect laryngoscopy as an examination tool in present day otorhinolaryngological practice
Authors: Ravi Kishore H. , Hosakoti Pallavi 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to determine the difference in extent of laryngeal visualization between indirect laryngoscopy (IDL) mirror and rigid endoscopy (70°) and relevance of IDL in present day otolaryngological practice.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 100 patients attending to the Department of ENT, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka with complaints referable to larynx and upper digestive tract were taken up for study. All patients underwent IDL mirror and rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination. The extent of laryngeal visualization by the clinician was recorded for each examination. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 100 patients who underwent IDL mirror examination and rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination in 87% of cases IDL mirror examination was adequate for making the diagnosis and in 11% of cases we needed rigid endoscopic examination for making the diagnosis. In 2% of cases we were not able to visualize the pathologies even with rigid endoscopy, in whom we needed other modalities of examination like radiological evidence to arrive at a diagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In the present study, in 87% of the cases IDL mirror examination was adequate for making the diagnosis. Eleven cases needed rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination to aid in diagnosis of pathologies. Even though laryngeal mirror examination is less comfortable, causing gagging for patient and may provide less complete information when compared to rigid endoscopy because of its less expensive, better depth visualization of structures and near real size images provides a versatile tool till date. Be that as it may indirect laryngoscopic mirror examination remains the mainstay of otolaryngological practice in today’s Otolaryngology practice.</p>
Factors increasing the risk of flap complications following pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction for head and neck cancers
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , Hussain Syed Afroze , Michael Rajiv 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Oral cavity cancer is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer death in India. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps (PMMC) are still widely used for reconstruction of defects in the head and neck, though microvascular free flaps are the ‘gold standard’. This study was aimed to identify the risk factors involved in increasing the post-operative PMMC flap complications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients who underwent surgical resection of primary head and neck cancer with PMMC flap reconstruction were included and their demographic data, pre-operative laboratory values, surgery details and post-operative flap morbidity were collected retrospectively from the master case sheets from January 2013 to December 2019. Factors such as age, gender, stage of disease, pre-operative anemia, hypoprotenemia and radiation therapy, presence of diabetes and size of the flaps were analysed to find their relation in causing flap complications. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Totally 285 patients were included for analysis and 9.82% (n=28) had major flap complications. On analysis we found that pre-operative hypoproteinemia (serum albumin &lt;3.5) (p=0.001) and prior radiation therapy (p=0.02) significantly increased the risk of flap complications. Similarly, patients with larger bipaddled flaps had higher flap complication rates (p=0.0002) and previous radiation treatment further increased the major complication rates in bipaddle flaps.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> PMMC flaps are still a viable option for head and neck reconstruction especially in patients with multiple comorbidities and where free microvascular flaps are not done routinely. Careful patient selection, pre-operative optimisation and good post-operative care will help to reduce flap complications.</p><p> </p>
Management of advanced cholesteatoma: Madras ENT Research Foundation experience
Authors: Natarajan Kiran , Kurkure Rahul , . Swathi , Shrivastava Anubhav , Gajapathy Sowmya , Kameswaran Mohan 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cholesteatoma is a common condition encountered by the otolaryngologist in the Indian subcontinent. Due to absence of pain in most patients, they may have advanced disease at presentation. Lack of awareness, long distance between the patient’s home and the treatment centre are also reasons for late presentation. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the number of patients with advanced cholesteatoma, the extent of disease, and associated complications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty one patients out of a total of 1132 patients with cholesteatoma presented with advanced disease in a tertiary referral centre between January 2010 to January 2020. The surgical issues in the management of the disease and the outcomes were studied. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Fifty one patients presented with extensive cholesteatoma in a tertiary referral centre. There were 33 males and 18 females in the study. Of fifty one patients, pediatric cholesteatoma was seen in 6 patients. Hearing loss was the most common presentation. Facial palsy, labyrinthine fistula, dural involvement, internal auditory meatus involvement was noted in some patients. All patients underwent surgical management with good outcomes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Advanced cholesteatoma is a dreaded disease that can result in various complications. Involvement of the facial canal, labyrinth, cochlea, dura, internal auditory meatus, internal carotid artery, jugular bulb, and sigmoid sinus involvement in the presence of extensive disease should be identified before surgery. Appropriate treatment with complete disease clearance can result in good outcomes.</p>
Comparative analysis of voice changes after thyroidectomy; mass versus individual ligation of superior thyroid artery with reference to identification of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Authors: Samdani Sunil , Dudi Shweta , Mobarsa Veena 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle to promote lengthening and thinning of the vocal fold, thus increasing voice pitch. The close relation with the superior thyroid vessels puts the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in risk every time the superior pole of the thyroid is dissected.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> : This randomized controlled study was undertaken at SMS Medical College, Jaipur between February 2013 to November 2014 to evaluate the impact of isolating and ligating the superior thyroid vessels near the upper pole of the gland as compared to conventional mass ligation of the superior pole regarding external branch of superior laryngeal nerve injury in hemi or subtotal thyroidectomy. Total 120 patients were taken and divided into two groups A and B. Group A including mass ligation of superior pole of thyroid and group B includes individual ligation of superior thyroid vessels. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Our study observed normal voice in 51 cases (85%) in individual ligation of superior thyroid vessel group and 27 cases (45%) in mass ligation group on auditory perceptual test by GRBAS scale one month postoperatively. Normal electromyography findings after 1 month post-operatively was observed in 57 cases (95%) in individual ligation group as compared to 40 cases (66.67%) in mass ligation group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study conclude that careful ligation of superior thyroid vessels is a safe technique to preserve the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve than mass ligation of superior pole of thyroid.</p>
UJI ADAPTASI VARIETAS UNGGUL PADI TADAH HUJAN KABUPEN JAYAPURA, PAPUA
Authors: Beding Petrus Alexander , Tiro Batseba M. W. 
Published: May 2020

Teknologi budidaya dan penggunaan Varietas unggul merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam meningkatkan produktivitas padi di lahan tadah hujan. Pengkajian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaan varietas unggul padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan yang dibudidayakan dengan pendekatan Pengelolaan tanaman terpadu (PTT). Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di kampung Benyom Jaya 1 Distrik Nimbokrang Kabupaten Jayapura Provinsi Papua, pada bulan April sampai September 2017 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Varietas yang digunakan yaitu varietas unggul Inpari 7, Inpari 30, Inpari 32 dan Inpari 33, ditanam dalam petakan berukuran 3 ha. Luas petak percobaan untuk masing masing perlakuan adalah 20 x 20 m<sup>2</sup> . Parameter yang dievaluasi meliputi : tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, komponen hasil dan serangan hama dan penyakit. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Inpari 33 memberikan keragaan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang berbeda nyata dengan varietas Inpari 30, Inpari 7 dan Inpari 32. Varietas yang sesuai dan berdaya hasil tinggi di lokasi pengkajian adalah varietas produksi tinggi diperoleh dari varietas Inpari 33 (5,9 t/ha) dan terendah varietas Inpari 32 (4,47 t/ha).
DETERMINASI PELUANG ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA TERNAK AYAM KUB DI PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Ijah Halijah , Altandjung Ririen Indriawaty 
Published: May 2020

<p>Pengkajian budidaya ayam KUB di Papua Barat telah dilakukan di KP Sorong, tahun 2017 yang hasilnya terbukti adaptif dengan kondisi setempat. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peluang adopsi teknologi budidaya ternak ayam KUB tersebut di tingkat petani. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survey dan observasi lapangan di perkampungan sekitar KP Sorong, yang melibatkan petani yang sudah mencoba mengikuti pemeliharaan ayam KUB yang bersumber dari KP Sorong. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik petani dan data tahapan budidaya yang dilakukan petani dalam membudidayakan ayam KUB serta respon petani terhadap ayam KUB. Bahasan diperkaya dengan data sekunder dan hasil tinjauan yang diperoleh melalui studi pustaka dan penelusuran online. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitati dan kuantitatif yang dipertajam dengan pendekatan SWOT. Hasil analisis memberikan gambaran bahwa pengembangan teknologi budidaya ayam KUB terbukti adaptif di Papua Barat, khususnya di perkampungan sekitar KP Sorong. Faktor-faktor yang diduga menjadi determinasi peluang adopsi teknologi budidaya ayam KUB di Papua Barat, antara lain terkait dengan adanya keharusan untuk memelihara ayam KUB secara intensif, dengan penyediaan pakan yang teratur. Persyaratan itu menuntut perlunya perubahan kebiasaan petani dari biasanya memelihara ayam apa adanya tanpa risiko menjadi kegiatan yang mengandung risiko. Untuk menangkap peluang pengembangan ayam KUB di Papua Barat diperlukan pendampingan teknologi yang intensif melibatkan peneliti dan penyuluh yang kompeten dalam penerapan teknologi budidaya ayam KUB.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Ayam KUB, adopsi, peluang, determinasi, SWOT.</p>
Development of Elastic Drag Coefficient Model and Explicit Terminal Settling Velocity Equation for Particles in Viscoelastic Fluids
Authors: Xu Zhengming , Song Xianzhi , Zhu Zhaopeng 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Viscoelastic fluids are frequently used as drilling or fracturing fluids to enhance cuttings or proppant transport efficiency. The solid transport performance of these fluids largely depends on the settling behaviors of suspended particles. Different from viscoinelastic fluids, the elastic and viscous characteristics of viscoelastic fluids both affect particle settling behaviors. In this study, to separately quantify the contribution degrees of the shear viscosity and fluid elasticity on the terminal settling velocity, we decompose the total drag force into a viscous drag force and an elastic drag force. Based on the experimental data from the available literature, it is concluded that the elastic drag force is a function of the fluid elasticity, particle diameter, particle terminal settling velocity, and density difference between the fluid and particle. The formula for the elastic drag force is determined on the basis of the force analysis, and a relationship between the elastic drag coefficient and particle Reynolds number (Re) is developed. An explicit equation that directly predicts the terminal settling velocity in viscoelastic fluids is determined by correlating the dimensionless particle diameter and Re. To validate the proposed model, a total of 108 settling experiments in viscoelastic fluids are conducted. The absolute percentage error (APE) between the predicted and measured terminal settling velocities is 15.26%, which indicates that the proposed explicit terminal settling velocity equation can provide satisfactory prediction accuracy of the terminal settling velocity for particles in viscoelastic fluids. Furthermore, an illustrative example is provided to show that the proposed model can be used to calculate the required fluid elasticity to obtain the desired terminal settling velocity when the fluid shear viscosity is fixed. The proposed models are valid with a consistency index range of approximately 0.16 to 1.2 Pa⋅sn, flow behavior index range of approximately 0.282 to 0.579, an Re range of approximately 0.005 to 30, and a fluid relaxation time range of approximately 0.183 to 110 seconds. This study can help operators choose proper drilling/fracturing fluids to enhance the cuttings/proppant transport and maximize drilling/fracturing performance.
Crack Propagation Hypothesis and a Model To Calculate the Optimum Water-Soaking Period in Shale Gas/Oil Wells for Maximizing Well Productivity
Authors: Guo Boyun , Shaibu Rashid , Hou Xuejun 
Published: May 2020

SummaryCurrently, researchers and the industry believe that water invasion into a shale matrix should dominate the process of water soaking before flowback of hydraulic fracturing fluids. Based on laboratory observations with Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS) cores, we postulate a hypothesis that cracks are formed in shale formations during and after hydraulic fracture stimulation and that they later contribute to improved well productivity. The formation of cracks contributes to improving well inflow performance, while the cracks also draw fracturing fluid from the hydraulic fractures, reduce fracture width, and consequently lower well inflow performance. The trade-off between crack development and fracture closure allows for an optimum water-soaking time, which could potentially maximize well productivity. A mathematical model was developed to describe the dynamic propagation of cracks based on the capillary-viscous force balance. The effect of crack formation on the long-term well productivity was analyzed using a previously published mathematical model for well productivity. A combination of the crack propagation and the well productivity models for the first time provides a technique for predicting the optimum fluid soaking time before flowback of hydraulic fracturing fluids. Sensitivity analyses show that reducing the viscosity of fracturing fluid could potentially speed up the optimum water-soaking time, while lowering the water-shale interfacial tension (IFT) could potentially delay the optimum water-soaking time. Real-time shut-in pressure data can be used in the crack propagation model to “monitor” crack development and identify the optimum water-soaking time before the flowback of hydraulic fracturing fluids for maximizing well productivity and the gas/oil recovery factor.
Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode
Authors: Yoon Hyeon Jeong , Kim Jonghwa , Park Sang Woo , Heo Hwan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the differences in refraction, accommodative factors, visual parameters, and subjective symptoms after using two types of virtual reality (VR) content with different depths perception.Methods: Twenty-three volunteers, who played VR games in two modes (immersive and non-immersive) for 30 min, were enrolled. Visual parameters were examined before and after using VR. Accommodative factors were measured using static and dynamic methods. Subjective symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire. Differences according to VR content were compared, and correlations between each visual parameter were analyzed.Results: There were no changes in refraction or accommodative factors after use of the VR. However, there was a significant increase in the near point of accommodation (NPA), the near point of convergence (NPC), and subjective symptom scores after using the immersive mode. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between baseline values of near exophoria and mean accommodative lag of the dominant eye, and also revealed a negative correlation between NPA and mean accommodative lag in the non-dominant eye. Conclusions: The use of VR for 30 min increased NPA and NPC, especially after the immersive mode was used. In addition, higher exophoria and smaller NPA is associated with increased accommodative lag after using VR.