bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary intake and diet quality by weight category among a racially diverse sample of women in Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Authors: Little Rebecca B. , Desmond Renee , Carson Tiffany L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Diet is a modifiable contributor to health. The lack of adherence to recommended dietary guidelines may contribute to the disproportionate burden of obesity and other chronic conditions observed in the Deep South region of the United States. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe food group intake and diet quality by race and weight status of women in the Deep South. Study participants were eighty-nine healthy female volunteers (56 % black, 44 % white, mean age 39⋅7 ± 1⋅4 years) recruited from Birmingham, AL, USA. Body Mass Index (BMI) determined weight status (non-obese/obese). Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) calculated from dietary recalls assessed diet quality. Wilcoxon sum-rank test compared HEI-2010 scores by race and weight status. χ2 analysis compared the percentage of women who achieved maximum points for HEI-2010 index food components by subgroup. Caloric and macronutrient intake did not differ by race or weight status (mean kcal 1863⋅0 ± 62⋅0). Median Total HEI-2010 Score for the sample was 51⋅9 (IQR: 39⋅1–63⋅4). Although there was no statistical difference in diet quality by race, more whites achieved the maximum score for vegetable intake compared to blacks, while blacks reported higher total fruit intake. Non-obese women reported better diet quality (56⋅9 v. 46⋅1; P = 0⋅04) and eating more whole fruits, and more achieved the maximum score for protein from plant and seafood sources. In summary, differences in diet quality were observed by weight status, but not race among this sample. These results point to tailored dietary interventions for women in metropolitan areas of Alabama, USA.
COMPENSATION FOR BUSINESS TENANTS: MISCHIEF AND MALADY
Authors: Haley Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article focuses upon the provisions and underlying policy of the Landlord and Tenant Acts of 1927 and 1954. It surveys the mischief that each Act was designed to address and, from the perspective of compensation for business tenants, examines critically the legislative response. It demonstrates that the safeguards afforded by the 1927 Act were poorly conceived, ill-constructed and ineffectual. Although the 1954 Act was intended to instil simplicity, certainty and fairness, it fails on all counts. The law remains highly technical, unduly complex, arbitrary in operation and in need of major overhaul.
DISTRIBUTED LEDGERS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE PURPOSE OF THE CORPORATION
Authors: Bruner Christopher M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDistributed ledgers and blockchain technology are widely expected to promote more direct shareholder involvement in corporate governance by reducing costs of voting and trade clearance. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence may shrink the decision-making terrain where corporations rely on human management. This article analyses these technologies and concludes that, while such outcomes are plausible, their potential corporate governance impacts are likely more complex and contingent. Despite the implicit libertarianism that characterises much of the discourse, we in fact have choices to make about how such technologies are developed and deployed – and these policy decisions will have to be grounded in a normative conception of corporate purpose external to the technology itself.
Leo Strauss's First Brush with Xenophon: “The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon”
Authors: Nadon Christopher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLeo Strauss is most well known for his thesis on the philosophic practice of exotericism. One of strangest aspects of his work is the amount of attention he devoted to Xenophon. This article attempts to explain how these two important facets of Strauss's thought are connected by examining their connection in his first published treatment of them both: “The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon.”
Treatment of functional neurological disorder: current state, future directions, and a research agenda
Authors: LaFaver Kathrin , LaFrance William Curt , Price Michele E. , Rosen Phyllis B. , Rapaport Mark 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFunctional neurological disorder (FND) encompasses a complex and heterogeneous group of neuropsychiatric syndromes commonly encountered in clinical practice. Patients with FND may present with a myriad of neurological symptoms and frequently have comorbid medical, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Over the past decade, important advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of FND within a biopsychosocial framework. Many challenges remain in addressing the stigma associated with this diagnosis, refining diagnostic criteria, and providing access to evidence-based treatments. This paper outlines FND treatment approaches, emphasizing the importance of respectful communication and comprehensive explanation of the diagnosis to patients, as critical first step to enhance engagement, adherence, self-agency, and treatment outcomes. We then focus on a brief review of evidence-based treatments for psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and functional movement disorder, a guide for designing future treatment trials for FND, and a proposal for a treatment research agenda, in order to aid in advancing the field to develop and implement treatments for patients with FND.
Democracy, courts and proportionality analysis in Asia
Authors: YAP PO JEN 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile proportionality analysis (PA) may have originated from Germany, it has not remained a European product. PA has been locally transplanted across Anglophone nations, found in mixed legal systems that are rooted in the common law and even adapted in parts of Latin America and Asia. This article explains why PA is flourishing in parts of Asia – for example, South Korea and Taiwan – and why it is faltering in other countries, such as Singapore and China, where the absence of PA can be attributed to the non-fulfilment of Kant’s first prerequisite for perpetual peace: a republican government (liberal democracy).
An Assessment of Global Positioning System Velocity Uncertainty in California
Authors: Johnson Christopher W. , Lau Nicholas , Borsa Adrian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe analyze data from 580 continuous global positioning system (GPS) stations in California to quantify differences in published velocity estimates from five analysis centers. Horizontal and vertical rates for individual stations can differ up to 5 mm/yr, with systematic differences in some areas comparable to deformation rates. Published velocity uncertainties vary between analysis centers and are systematically underreported in the horizontal relative to empirical uncertainties calculated from the scatter of analysis center velocities. In the vertical, published velocity uncertainties are both over and underreported and vary more widely between centers. An interpolated ensemble vertical velocity field shows high‐subsidence regions in the Central Valley and Salton Trough have the largest empirical uncertainties, while station density has a modest impact on uncertainties. Applications that rely on subcentimeter GPS accuracy should consider the possibility that formal errors published with velocity rate estimates understate true velocity uncertainties in both the horizontal and vertical.
Dual Seismic Migration Velocities in Seismic Swarms
Authors: Dublanchet P. , De Barros L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFluid‐induced earthquake sequences generally appear as expanding swarms activating a particular fault. The recent analysis of a swarm in the Corinth rift has revealed a dual migration pattern, with a global slow expansion (m day−1) and episodes of rapid migration (km day−1). Such swarms are generally interpreted as fluid diffusion, which ignores the possibility of static, dynamic, or aseismic triggering and the existence of rapid migration. Here, we propose a new model for such swarms, where earthquakes consist in the failure of asperities on a creeping fault infiltrated by fluid. For that, we couple rate‐and‐state friction, nonlinear diffusivity, and elasticity along a 1D interface. This model reproduces the dual migration speeds observed in real swarms. We show that migration speeds increase linearly with the mean pressurization and are not dependent on the hydraulic diffusivity, as traditionally suggested.
The Role of Cyclones in Moisture Transport into the Arctic
Authors: Fearon Matthew G. , Doyle James D. , Ryglicki David R. , Finocchio Peter M. , Sprenger Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, ERA5 reanalysis is used to quantify cyclone‐induced moisture transport into the Arctic on a seasonal basis (1998–2018). Moist airstreams are spatially identified and temporally linked to individual cyclones (50–90°N). Results show that cyclones account for 74% of the annual poleward flux across 70°N. For these cyclone cases, which primarily emerge over the central Arctic in summer or otherwise originate from the North Atlantic, the amount of moisture transport is found to closely depend on track orientation and poleward propagation. Cyclone tracks oriented in the poleward direction along with coupling to an upper‐level vortex which influences the steering flow are the most important characteristics that determine the moisture flux into the Arctic. Back trajectories highlight low‐level moisture source regions over the Atlantic Gulf Stream throughout the year and over the high‐latitude continental land surface during the warm season.
Rapidly Evolving Controls of Landslides After a Strong Earthquake and Implications for Hazard Assessments
Authors: Fan Xuanmei , Yunus Ali P. , Scaringi Gianvito , Catani Filippo , Siva Subramanian Srikrishnan , Xu Qiang , Huang Runqui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStrong earthquakes, especially on mountain slopes, can generate large amounts of unconsolidated deposits, prone to remobilization by aftershocks and rainstorms. Assessing the hazard they pose and what drives their movement in the years following the mainshock has not yet been attempted, primarily because multitemporal landslide inventories are lacking. By exploiting a multitemporal inventory (2005–2018) covering the epicentral region of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and a set of conditioning factors (seismic, topographic, and hydrological), we perform statistical tests to understand the temporal evolution of these factors affecting debris remobilizations. Our analyses, supported by a random‐forest susceptibility assessment model, reveal a prediction capability of seismic‐related variables declining with time, as opposed to hydro‐topographic parameters gaining importance and becoming predominant within a decade. These results may have important implications on the way conventional susceptibility/hazard assessment models should be employed in areas where coseismic landslides are the main sediment production mechanism on slopes.
On the Nature of the Arctic's Positive Lapse‐Rate Feedback
Authors: Boeke Robyn C. , Taylor Patrick C. , Sejas Sergio A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRadiative energy fluxes exiting the atmosphere toward the surface and to space are sensitive to the vertical structure of temperature. Under anthropogenic forcing, this sensitivity gives rise to the lapse‐rate feedback. Negative in the tropics and positive in the Arctic, studies argue that the lapse‐rate feedback is a primary cause of Arctic Amplification. While the negative tropical lapse‐rate feedback is understood mechanistically, the mechanics of the positive Arctic lapse‐rate feedback are less clear. Stable stratification is a necessary condition for the positive Arctic lapse‐rate feedback; however, does stable stratification place any further constraint on the feedback? We find that the magnitude, spatial variability, seasonality, and intermodel spread in the Arctic lapse‐rate feedback are dictated by the surface temperature change and not the degree of stable stratification. Our results support the multiprocess perspective of the Arctic lapse‐rate feedback, whereby the mechanisms responsible for the nonuniform warming profile determine the lapse‐rate feedback.
Satellite Observations of the Sea Surface Salinity Response to Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Reul Nicolas , Chapron Bertrand , Grodsky Semyon A. , Guimbard Sebastien , Kudryavtsev Vladimir , Foltz Gregory R. , Balaguru Karthik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDecade‐long satellite sea surface slinity (SSS) observations show that rain dilution prevails in wakes of tropical depressions (∼−0.1 pss) and tropical storms (∼−0.05 pss) on the left (right) side of Northern (Southern) Hemisphere storms. For stronger storms, the rain‐induced dilution is dominated by the saltier water entrainment, leading to surface median salinification of 0.3 pss for the most intense storms, peaking on the right‐hand side at around twice the maximum wind radius. The magnitude of the salty wake increases for stronger slowly moving storms. The vertical salinity gradient in the upper ocean is a key factor explaining the geographic distribution of the SSS response. A striking example is the systematic mixing of fresh near‐surface river plume waters with saltier subsurface waters. It is also found that barrier layers lead to saltier and warmer storm wakes compared to wakes produced over barrier layer free areas.
The HLTF–PARP1 interaction in the progression and stability of damaged replication forks caused by methyl methanesulfonate
Authors: Shiu Jia-Lin , Wu Cheng-Kuei , Chang Song-Bin , Sun Yan-Jhih , Chen Yen-Ju , Lai Chien-Chen , Chiu Wen-Tai , Chang Wen-Tsan , Myung Kyungjae , Su Wen-Pin , Liaw Hungjiun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman HLTF participates in the lesion-bypass mechanism through the fork reversal structure, known as template switching of post-replication repair. However, the mechanism by which HLTF promotes the replication progression and fork stability of damaged forks remains unclear. Here, we identify a novel protein–protein interaction between HLTF and PARP1. The depletion of HLTF and PARP1 increases chromosome breaks, further reduces the length of replication tracks, and concomitantly increases the number of stalled forks after methyl methanesulfonate treatment according to a DNA fiber analysis. The progression of replication also depends on BARD1 in the presence of MMS treatment. By combining 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine with a proximity ligation assay, we revealed that the HLTF, PARP1, and BRCA1/BARD1/RAD51 proteins were initially recruited to damaged forks. However, prolonged stalling of damaged forks results in fork collapse. HLTF and PCNA dissociate from the collapsed forks, with increased accumulation of PARP1 and BRCA1/BARD1/RAD51 at the collapsed forks. Our results reveal that HLTF together with PARP1 and BARD1 participates in the stabilization of damaged forks, and the PARP1–BARD1 interaction is further involved in the repair of collapse forks.
Glycogen metabolism of the anammox bacterium “Candidatus Brocadia sinica”
Authors: Okabe Satoshi , Shafdar Amrini Amalia , Kobayashi Kanae , Zhang Lei , Oshiki Mamoru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Presence of glycogen granules in anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria has been reported so far. However, very little is known about their glycogen metabolism and the exact roles. Here, we studied the glycogen metabolism in “Ca. Brocadia sinica” growing in continuous retentostat cultures with bicarbonate as a carbon source. The effect of the culture growth phase was investigated. During the growing phase, intracellular glycogen content increased up to 32.6 mg-glucose (g-biomass dry wt)−1 while the specific growth rate and ATP/ADP ratio decreased. The accumulated glycogen begun to decrease at the onset of entering the near-zero growth phase and was consumed rapidly when substrates were depleted. This clearly indicates that glycogen was synthesized and utilized as an energy storage. The proteomic analysis revealed that “Ca. B. sinica” synthesized glycogen via three known glycogen biosynthesis pathways and simultaneously degraded during the progress of active anammox, implying that glycogen is being continuously recycled. When cells were starved, a part of stored glycogen was converted to trehalose, a potential stress protectant. This suggests that glycogen serves at least as a primary carbon source of trehalose synthesis for survival. This study provides the first physiological evidence of glycogen metabolism in anammox bacteria and its significance in survival under natural substrate-limited habitat.
PD-L1 blockade in combination with inhibition of MAPK oncogenic signaling in patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Ribas Antoni , Algazi Alain , Ascierto Paolo A. , Butler Marcus O. , Chandra Sunandana , Gordon Michael , Hernandez-Aya Leonel , Lawrence Donald , Lutzky Jose , Miller Wilson H. , Campbell Katie M. , Delafont Bruno , Marshall Shannon , Mueller Nancy , Robert Caroline 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCombining PD-L1 blockade with inhibition of oncogenic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling may result in long-lasting responses in patients with advanced melanoma. This phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation and -expansion study (NCT02027961) investigated safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of durvalumab (anti–PD-L1) combined with dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor) for patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma (cohort A, n = 26), or durvalumab and trametinib given concomitantly (cohort B, n = 20) or sequentially (cohort C, n = 22) for patients with BRAF-wild type melanoma. Adverse events and treatment discontinuation rates were more common than previously reported for these agents given as monotherapy. Objective responses were observed in 69.2% (cohort A), 20.0% (cohort B) and 31.8% (cohort C) of patients, with evidence of improved tumor immune infiltration and durable responses in a subset of patients with available biopsy samples. In conclusion, combined MAPK inhibition and anti–PD-L1 therapy may provide treatment options for patients with advanced melanoma.
Domestication via the commensal pathway in a fish-invertebrate mutualism
Authors: Brooker Rohan M. , Casey Jordan M. , Cowan Zara-Louise , Sih Tiffany L. , Dixson Danielle L. , Manica Andrea , Feeney William E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDomesticator-domesticate relationships are specialized mutualisms where one species provides multigenerational support to another in exchange for a resource or service, and through which both partners gain an advantage over individuals outside the relationship. While this ecological innovation has profoundly reshaped the world’s landscapes and biodiversity, the ecological circumstances that facilitate domestication remain uncertain. Here, we show that longfin damselfish (Stegastes diencaeus) aggressively defend algae farms on which they feed, and this protective refuge selects a domesticator-domesticate relationship with planktonic mysid shrimps (Mysidium integrum). Mysids passively excrete nutrients onto farms, which is associated with enriched algal composition, and damselfish that host mysids exhibit better body condition compared to those without. Our results suggest that the refuge damselfish create as a byproduct of algal tending and the mutual habituation that damselfish and mysids exhibit towards one another were instrumental in subsequent mysid domestication. These results are consistent with domestication via the commensal pathway, by which many common examples of animal domestication are hypothesized to have evolved.
A bioengineering perspective on modelling the intestinal epithelial physiology in vitro
Authors: Antfolk Maria , Jensen Kim B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe small intestine is a specialised organ, essential for nutrient digestion and absorption. It is lined with a complex epithelial cell layer. Intestinal epithelial cells can be cultured in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds as self-organising entities with distinct domains containing stem cells and differentiated cells. Recent developments in bioengineering provide new possibilities for directing the organisation of cells in vitro. In this Perspective, focusing on the small intestine, we discuss how studies at the interface between bioengineering and intestinal biology provide new insights into organ function. Specifically, we focus on engineered biomaterials, complex 3D structures resembling the intestinal architecture, and micro-physiological systems.
Xenon binding by a tight yet adaptive chiral soft capsule
Authors: Nie Shi-Xin , Guo Hao , Huang Teng-Yu , Ao Yu-Fei , Wang De-Xian , Wang Qi-Qiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractXenon binding has attracted interest due to the potential for xenon separation and emerging applications in magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to their covalent counterparts, assembled hosts that are able to effectively bind xenon are rare. Here, we report a tight yet soft chiral macrocycle dimeric capsule for efficient and adaptive xenon binding in both crystal form and solution. The chiral bisurea-bisthiourea macrocycle can be easily synthesized in multi-gram scale. Through assembly, the flexible macrocycles are locked in a bowl-shaped conformation and buckled to each other, wrapping up a tight, completely sealed yet adjustable cavity suitable for xenon, with a very high affinity for an assembled host. A slow-exchange process and drastic spectral changes are observed in both 1H and 129Xe NMR. With the easy synthesis, modification and reversible characteristics, we believe the robust yet adaptive assembly system may find applications in xenon sequestration and magnetic resonance imaging-based biosensing.
Changes to information in working memory depend on distinct removal operations
Authors: Kim Hyojeong , Smolker Harry R. , Smith Louisa L. , Banich Marie T. , Lewis-Peacock Jarrod A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHolding information in working memory is essential for cognition, but removing unwanted thoughts is equally important. Here we use multivariate pattern analyses of brain activity to demonstrate the successful manipulation and removal of information from working memory using different strategies including suppressing a specific thought, replacing a thought with a different one, and clearing the mind of all thought. These strategies are supported by distinct brain regions and have differential consequences for allowing new information to be encoded.
Ultrahigh strength and ductility in newly developed materials with coherent nanolamellar architectures
Authors: Fan Lei , Yang Tao , Zhao Yilu , Luan Junhua , Zhou Gang , Wang Hao , Jiao Zengbao , Liu Chain-Tsuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNano-lamellar materials with ultrahigh strengths and unusual physical properties are of technological importance for structural applications. However, these materials generally suffer from low tensile ductility, which severely limits their practical utility. Here we show that markedly enhanced tensile ductility can be achieved in coherent nano-lamellar alloys, which exhibit an unprecedented combination of over 2 GPa yield strength and 16% uniform tensile ductility. The ultrahigh strength originates mainly from the lamellar boundary strengthening, whereas the large ductility correlates to a progressive work-hardening mechanism regulated by the unique nano-lamellar architecture. The coherent lamellar boundaries facilitate the dislocation transmission, which eliminates the stress concentrations at the boundaries. Meanwhile, deformation-induced hierarchical stacking-fault networks and associated high-density Lomer-Cottrell locks enhance the work hardening response, leading to unusually large tensile ductilities. The coherent nano-lamellar strategy can potentially be applied to many other alloys and open new avenues for designing ultrastrong yet ductile materials for technological applications.