bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and development of Spodoptera eridania, Spodoptera cosmioides and Spodoptera albula (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on genetically‐modified soybean expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins
Authors: Machado Eduardo P , dos S Rodrigues Junior Gerson L , Somavilla Junior C , Führ Fábio M , Zago Stefan L , Marques Luiz H , Santos Antonio C , Nowatzki Timothy , Dahmer Mark L , Omoto Celso , Bernardi Oderlei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpodoptera eridania (Stoll), S. cosmioides (Walker) and S. albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are considered secondary pests of soybean in South America. The genetically‐modified soybean DAS‐444Ø6‐6 × DAS‐81419‐2 with tolerance to 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D), glyphosate and ammonium glufosinate herbicides (event DAS‐444Ø6‐6) and insect‐resistance due to expression of Cry1Ac and Cry1F Bt proteins (event DAS‐81419‐2) may provide a potential tool for integrated pest management (IPM) of these species in soybean fields. Based on this, we conducted bioassays to evaluate the survival and development of S. eridania, S. cosmioides and S. albula fed on Cry1Ac/Cry1F‐soybean leaf tissue.RESULTSSpodoptera eridania and S. cosmioides fed on Cry1Ac/Cry1F‐soybean showed longer developmental time, lower larval and egg to adult survival compared to those fed on non‐Bt soybean, reducing the population growth of these species. Spodoptera albula also had lower larval survival and number of insects that reached adulthood on Cry1Ac/Cry1F‐soybean. However, no significant effects of Cry1Ac/Cry1F‐soybean on population growth parameters were detected in this species.CONCLUSIONSSoybean with stacked events DAS‐444Ø6‐6 × DAS‐81419‐2 expressing Cry1Ac/Cry1F Bt proteins provide population suppression of S. eridania and S. cosmioides. However, this Bt soybean had minimal effects on S. albula, and is unlikely to have negative population‐level effects on this species. It is expected that under field conditions, other control tactics must be integrated with Cry1Ac/Cry1F‐soybean for the management of these Spodoptera species. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Microcharacteristics of soil pores after raindrop action
Authors: Yang Mingxi , Fu Yu , Li Guanglu , Ren Yangyang , Li Zefang , Ma Gangan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAggregate breakdown and transportation caused by raindrops clogs soil pores and aggravates the formation of surface crusts. However, changes in soil pore microcharacteristics after raindrop impact are equivocal. In this research, we used synchrotron‐based X‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT) and image processing techniques to quantitatively analyze the pore microcharacteristics of undisturbed soil and disturbed soil impacted by raindrop diameters of 2.67 mm (small), 3.39 mm (medium), and 4.05 mm (large). The results showed that the changes in the soil pore microcharacteristics were mainly caused by medium and large raindrops. Compared with the undisturbed soil, the total imaged porosity decreased by 5.91% after splashing by small raindrops and significantly (P < .05) decreased by 15.83 and 18.28% after medium and large raindrop splashing, respectively. The total volume of pores and the porosity of the large pores had the same decreasing trend as the total porosity. The porosity of the elongated pores decreased by 11.51 and 23.41% after medium and large raindrop splashing, respectively. The raindrop action clogged the soil pores. The clogging ratios caused by small, medium, and large raindrops were 1.06, 2.83, and 3.29%, respectively, and increased with raindrop diameter, rain intensity, and rainfall energy. Thus the increase in pore clogging and the decrease in macroporosity are the main reasons for the formation of surface crusts.
In‐Plane Lithium Growth Enabled by Artificial Nitrate‐Rich Layer: Fast Deposition Kinetics and Desolvation/Adsorption Mechanism
Authors: Wang Xianshu , Wang Huirong , Liu Mingzhu , Li Weishan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn artificial lithium‐nitrate (LiNO3)‐rich layer (LN‐RL) is developed to address dendritic lithium (Li) growth by a fusing–infusing strategy, in which LiNO3 is loaded into stainless steel mesh and a Li‐metal anode (LN‐RL@Li) is obtained by casting this LN‐RL onto Li foil. The LN‐RL enables fast Li deposition kinetics in carbonates and endows LN‐RL@Li with excellent cycleability. The underneath mechanism on the contribution of LN‐RL is uncovered by detailed characterizations combining with theoretical simulations. The LN‐RL promotes the desolvation and capacitive adsorption of Li ions and induces in‐plane Li growth along the edges of preplated Li with planar morphology. The improved cycleability of LN‐RL(@Li) is demonstrated by LiǁCu cell that presents a coulombic efficiency of 97.2% after 280 cycles and LiǁLi cell that proceeds over 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 in carbonates. Additionally, the LiǁLiFePO4 cell shows a capacity retention of 58% after 400 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 170 mA g−1), compared to the 35% after 180 cycles for the control. This work presents not only a promising strategy for practical applications of Li‐metal batteries, but also a new understanding on the role of nitrate in Li plating/stripping kinetics.
Exploration of Advanced Electrode Materials for Approaching High‐Performance Nickel‐Based Superbatteries
Authors: Shabangoli Yasin , El‐Kady Maher F. , Nazari Mahrokh , Dadashpour Elaheh , Noori Abolhassan , Rahmanifar Mohammad S. , Lv Xiaojing , Zhang Cheng , Kaner Richard B. , Mousavi Mir F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe surging interest in high performance, low‐cost, and safe energy storage devices has spurred tremendous research efforts in the development of advanced electrode active materials. Herein, the in situ growth of zinc–iron layered double hydroxide (Zn–Fe LDH) on graphene aerogel (GA) substrates through a facile, one‐pot hydrothermal method is reported. The strong interaction and efficient electronic coupling between LDH and graphene substantially improve interfacial charge transport properties of the resulting nanocomposite and provide more available redox active sites for faradaic reactions. An LDH–GA||Ni(OH)2 device is also fabricated that results in greatly enhanced specific capacity (187 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), outstanding specific energy (147 Wh kg−1), excellent specific power (16.7 kW kg−1), along with 88% capacity retention after >10 000 cycles. This approach is further extended to Ni–MH and Ni–Cd batteries to demonstrate the feasibility of compositing with graphene for boosting the energy storage performance of other well‐known Ni‐based batteries. In contrast to conventional Ni‐based batteries, the nearly flat voltage plateau followed by a sloping potential profile of the integrated supercapacitor–battery enables it to be discharged down to 0 V without being damaged. These findings provide new prospects for the design of high‐performance and affordable superbatteries based on earth‐abundant elements.
Quantized Grain Boundary States Promote Nanoparticle Alignment During Imperfect Oriented Attachment
Authors: Lange Andrew P. , Samanta Amit , Olson Tammy Y. , Elhadj Selim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOriented attachment (OA) has become a well‐recognized mechanism for the growth of metal, ceramic, and biomineral crystals. While many computational and experimental studies of OA have shown that particles can attach with some misorientation then rotate to remove adjoining grain boundaries, the underlying atomistic pathways for this “imperfect OA” process remain the subject of debate. In this study, molecular dynamics and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to probe the crystallographic evolution of up to 30 gold nanoparticles during aggregation. It is found that Imperfect OA occurs because 1) grain boundaries become quantized when their size is comparable to the separation between constituent dislocations and 2) kinetic barriers associated with the glide of grain boundary dislocations are small. In support of these findings, TEM experiments show the formation of a single crystal aggregate after annealing nine initially misoriented, agglomerated particles with evidence of dislocation activity and twin formation during particle/grain alignment. These observations motivate future work on assembled nanocrystals with tailored defects and call for a revision of Read–Shockley models for grain boundary energies in nanocrystalline materials.
The first fossil Sticholotidini ladybird beetle (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) reveals a transition zone through northern Europe during the Eocene
Authors: Szawaryn Karol , Tomaszewska Wioletta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fossil record of ladybird beetles is scarce with the first taxa described only very recently. The oldest members come from Eocene the amber deposits of Oise and the Bay of Gdańsk, and represent the tribes Coccidulini and Serangiini respectively. Here, we describe a new genus,Electrolotis, which belongs to the tribe Sticholotidini and is presently distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The new species from Baltic amber deposits,Electrolotis hoffeinsorumsp. nov., possesses an unusual set of characters not present in the modern fauna: two arcuate lines of large punctures on each elytron (occurring today only in Oriental Sticholotidini) and recurved abdominal postcoxal lines, currently present only in three New World genera. This combination of characters makes the new species an intermediate taxon between modern Old World and New World taxa, which may indicate that during the Eocene northern Europe might have been an important migration route for Sticholotidini.
Unique weak solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic equations with fractional dissipation
Authors: Dai Yichen , Ji Ruihong , Wu Jiahong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the d‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with fractional dissipation and fractional magnetic diffusion . The aim is at the uniqueness of weak solutions in the weakest possible inhomogeneous Besov spaces. We establish the local existence and uniqueness in the functional setting and when , and . The case when with and has previously been studied in [7, 19]. However, their approaches can not be directly extended to the fractional case when due to the breakdown of a bilinear estimate. By decomposing the bilinear term into different frequencies, we are able to obtain a suitable upper bound on the bilinear term for , which allows us to close the estimates in the aforementioned Besov spaces.
Beyond Poverty
Authors: Wolff Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPoverty is often defined as lacking the financial resources to meet a defined set of needs. The stated level of financial resources is taken to define a poverty line. Accordingly, the clear policy response to poverty is to raise the incomes of those who fall below such a line. In this paper, drawing on the capability approach, I argue that this approach is limited in two related ways, and it is necessary to move “beyond poverty” both in a conceptual and a policy sense. First, it is rarely if ever the case that a particular level of financial resources is necessary or sufficient to meet a set of needs, as other factors also act as critical inputs. Second, to bring people over the threshold set of needs, policies that do not raise income, such as the provision of collective goods, will often be more effective in the long term than income transfers. Nevertheless, in the short-term raising incomes will often be the easiest and most available strategy and hence there is also reason to retain the concept of poverty and related policies.
Understanding the links between hearing impairment and dementia: development and validation of the Social and Emotional Impact of Hearing Impairment (SEI-HI) questionnaire
Authors: Littlejohn Jenna , Blackburn Daniel , Venneri Annalena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The links between hearing impairment (HI) and dementia have been well documented, but factors mediating this relationship remain unknown. Major consequences of HI are social and emotional dysfunction, and as the risk of dementia increases linearly with the severity of HI, it is plausible that socio-emotional difficulties may play a role in this association.

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a tool to analyse levels of hearing-related disability, to investigate ultimately whether subjective disability contributes to risk of cognitive impairment compared with hearing thresholds alone.

Methods
Development and validation of the questionnaire, the Social and Emotional Impact of Hearing Impairment (SEI-HI), was conducted in four phases: (1) content; (2) scoring and outcomes; (3) validation; (4) feasibility in a sample of people with cognitive impairment.

Results
Considerable evidence was found for the internal and external reliability of the tool with high construct validity, concurrent validity and test-retest values of the SEI-HI questionnaire. A feasibility check on 31 patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia showed the SEI-HI questionnaire was easy to administer and well-received.

Conclusion
The SEI-HI questionnaire is a relevant instrument to assess hearing-related disability which can be used in people with cognitive decline to assess further impact on risk of developing dementia.
Multi-agent active information gathering in discrete and continuous-state decentralized POMDPs by policy graph improvement
Authors: Lauri Mikko , Pajarinen Joni , Peters Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDecentralized policies for information gathering are required when multiple autonomous agents are deployed to collect data about a phenomenon of interest when constant communication cannot be assumed. This is common in tasks involving information gathering with multiple independently operating sensor devices that may operate over large physical distances, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, or in communication limited environments such as in the case of autonomous underwater vehicles. In this paper, we frame the information gathering task as a general decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (Dec-POMDP). The Dec-POMDP is a principled model for co-operative decentralized multi-agent decision-making. An optimal solution of a Dec-POMDP is a set of local policies, one for each agent, which maximizes the expected sum of rewards over time. In contrast to most prior work on Dec-POMDPs, we set the reward as a non-linear function of the agents’ state information, for example the negative Shannon entropy. We argue that such reward functions are well-suited for decentralized information gathering problems. We prove that if the reward function is convex, then the finite-horizon value function of the Dec-POMDP is also convex. We propose the first heuristic anytime algorithm for information gathering Dec-POMDPs, and empirically prove its effectiveness by solving discrete problems an order of magnitude larger than previous state-of-the-art. We also propose an extension to continuous-state problems with finite action and observation spaces by employing particle filtering. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is verified in domains such as decentralized target tracking, scientific survey planning, and signal source localization.
Projection wavelet weighted twin support vector regression for OFDM system channel estimation
Authors: Wang Lidong , Ma Yimei , Chang Xudong , Gao Chuang , Qu Qiang , Chen Xuebo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient projection wavelet weighted twin support vector regression (PWWTSVR) based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system (OFDM) system channel estimation algorithm is proposed. Most Channel estimation algorithms for OFDM systems are based on the linear assumption of channel model. In the proposed algorithm, the OFDM system channel is consumed to be nonlinear and fading in both time and frequency domains. The PWWTSVR utilizes pilot signals to estimate response of nonlinear wireless channel, which is the main work area of SVR. Projection axis in optimal objective function of PWWRSVR is sought to minimize the variance of the projected points due to the utilization of a priori information of training data. Different from traditional support vector regression algorithm, training samples in different positions in the proposed PWWTSVR model are given different penalty weights determined by the wavelet transform. The weights are applied to both the quadratic empirical risk term and the first-degree empirical risk term to reduce the influence of outliers. The final regressor can avoid the overfitting problem to a certain extent and yield great generalization ability for channel estimation. The results of numerical experiments show that the propose algorithm has better performance compared to the conventional pilot-aided channel estimation methods.
Financial modelling, risk management of energy instruments and the role of cryptocurrencies
Authors: Huynh Toan Luu Duc , Shahbaz Muhammad , Nasir Muhammad Ali , Ullah Subhan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates whether cryptocurrencies might have a useful role in financial modelling and risk management in the energy markets. To do so, the causal relationship between movements on the energy markets (specifically the price of crude oil) and the value of cryptocurrencies is analysed by drawing on daily data from April 2013 to April 2019. We find that shocks to the US and European crude oil indices are strongly connected to the movements of most cryptocurrencies. Applying a non-parametric statistic, Transferring Entropy (an econophysics technique measuring information flow), we find that some cryptocurrencies (XEM, DOGE, VTC, XLM, USDT, XRP) can be used for hedging and portfolio diversification. Furthermore, the results reveal that the European crude oil index is a source of shocks on the cryptocurrency market while the US oil index appears to be a receiver of shocks.
Breast-contour preserving procedures for early-stage breast cancer: a population-based study of the trends, variation in practice and predictive characteristics in Denmark and the Netherlands
Authors: Heeg E. , Jensen M. B. , Mureau M. A. M. , Ejlertsen B. , Tollenaar R. A. E. M. , Christiansen P. M. , Vrancken Peeters M. T. F. D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Breast-contour preservation (BCP) is possible for most women treated for early-stage breast cancer. BCP can be defined as primary breast-conserving treatment (BCT), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by BCT and immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction (IBR). This study provides insight in current BCP strategies in Denmark and the Netherlands and aims to identify opportunities for improvement within both countries.

Methods
A total of 92,881 patients with early-stage breast cancer who were operated in Denmark and the Netherlands between 2012 and 2017 were selected from the Danish Breast Cancer Group and the Dutch National Breast Cancer Audit databases. BCP procedures and predictive factors were analyzed within and between both countries.

Results
BCP was achieved in 76.7% (n = 16,355) of the Danish and in 74.5% (n = 53,328) of the Dutch patients. While BCP rate did not change significantly over time in Denmark (p = 0.250), a significant increase in BCP rate from 69.5% in 2012 to 78.5% in 2017 (p < 0.001) was observed in the Netherlands. In both countries, variation in BCP rates between hospitals decreased over time. NAC followed by BCT and postmastectomy IBR was substantially more often used in the Netherlands compared to Denmark, specifically in patients younger than 50 years.

Conclusions
In more than 75% of all Danish and Dutch patients, surgically treated for early-stage breast cancer, the breast-contour was preserved. The different use of BCP strategies within Denmark and the Netherlands and the differences observed between hospitals in both countries emphasize the need for more (inter)national consensus on treatment modalities.
A comparison between young and old patients with triple-negative breast cancer: biology, survival and metastatic patterns
Authors: Tzikas Anna-Karin , Nemes Szilard , Linderholm Barbro K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the biology, recurrence rate, metastatic patterns and survival times in primary triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with focus on the comparison between younger and elderly patients.

Methods
Patients with primary TNBC stage I–IV diagnosed from 2007 to 2015 were identified and information on tumor biology, stage, treatment, recurrences and death recorded.

Results
A total of 524 patients, median age 60 years (range 24–94) with a median follow-up of 55 months (range 0–129) were identified. Stage was similar in younger (< 40 years) (n = 58) and older (> 74 years) (n = 96) patients (p = 0.37). A statistically significant difference was found concerning histopathologic grade (p = 0.006) and Ki67 (median 80% versus 70%; p = 0.002) but not for LVI (p = 0.9) with more aggressive tumors among younger patients. Adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy was more frequently given to younger compared with older patients (96% versus 12%; p = 0.0005). Only brain (p = 0.016) and liver (p = 0.047) metastases were more often registered among younger patients while other locations were similar. Shorter survival times, recurrence-free survival (RFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were found in the older group, although not after adjusting for adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Most deaths (68%) in the older group were caused by TNBC. When comparing patients > 75 years (n = 92) with ≤ 75 years (n = 432), a worse outcome among older was also observed: RFS (p = 0.00012), DDFS (p = 0.00041), BCSS (p < 0.0001) and survival following distant metastasis (p = 0.0064)

Conclusions
Primary TNBC in younger patients is more often of poor differentiation grade and highly proliferative compared with older patients. The majority of older patients still have grade III tumors with a Ki67 > 60% and outcome is poor. Few older patients in our study were treated with chemotherapy both in adjuvant and palliative setting, underlining the need for more prospective trials and treatment options suitable for this patient population.
Programming Heterogeneous Parallel Machines Using Refactoring and Monte–Carlo Tree Search
Authors: Brown Christopher , Janjic Vladimir , Goli M. , McCall J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a new technique for introducing and tuning parallelism for heterogeneous shared-memory systems (comprising a mixture of CPUs and GPUs), using a combination of algorithmic skeletons (such as farms and pipelines), Monte–Carlo tree search for deriving mappings of tasks to available hardware resources, and refactoring tool support for applying the patterns and mappings in an easy and effective way. Using our approach, we demonstrate easily obtainable, significant and scalable speedups on a number of case studies showing speedups of up to 41 over the sequential code on a 24-core machine with one GPU. We also demonstrate that the speedups obtained by mappings derived by the MCTS algorithm are within 5–15% of the best-obtained manual parallelisation.