bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual expectation of craft beers in different glass shapes
Authors: Ribeiro Michele N. , Carvalho Iago A. , de Sousa Maísa M. M. , Coelho Laura M. , de Rezende Daniel C. , Pinheiro Ana C. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the expectations of consumers and specialists of craft beers regarding the visual impact of different styles of craft beer served in different beer glasses. An online survey was designed to determine the effect of different shaped glasses on consumer expectations of craft beer. A total of 252 answers from craft beer consumers and 19 responses from beer experts were collected. Respondents were asked about their impressions and expectations regarding five craft beers of different colors, served in seven beer glasses. The responses were summarized and analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. The data revealed that the color of craft beers influenced the expectations of consumers and experts, so that craft beer with similar colors was associated with the same glass shape. It was concluded that the beer glass shape could directly influence the consumer expectancy on craft beers.Practical applicationsThis is the first work in the literature that explores the visual aspect of photos of different‐colored craft beers served into distinct glass shapes. These photos were used to understand the expectations of craft beer consumers regarding the craft beer/glass shape combination. This study demonstrates that the shape of the glass can influence consumer expectations regarding different craft beers. Thus, bar or pub owners can use the most expected combination of beer glasses and craft beer to deliver a better experience to their consumers. Additionally, our findings can also lead to market strategies by defining a specific combination of craft beer and glass shape that the consumers expect to see.
Demonstration of payer readiness for value‐based care in a fee‐for‐service environment: Measuring provider performance on sealant delivery
Authors: Martin Amy , Kirby Heather , Ayers Gerta , Kelly Abby , Riley Amah , Boucher Stephen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesPreviously published sealant measures are not useful when applied to Medicaid claims data in states where dental services are carved out of managed care. A novel sealant measure was developed to assess the degree to which dental providers seal eligible teeth during preventive dental visits (PDVs) in an effort to ascertain if such a measure can be used to valuate provider performance, as condition of potential value‐based care model implementation.MethodsA single‐county feasibility study was conducted using Medicaid claims. A study cohort included children aged 8 years and enrolled 12 months during 2018. Prospective analysis was used to determine whether dental sealants were applied by the same dentists during PDVs or up to 9 months thereafter. Eligible teeth included first permanent molars. Teeth previously restored, sealed or missing were excluded. PDV was defined as any encounter with prophylaxis, fluoride treatment, or EPSDT. Claims were compared to public health surveillance for measurement validation.ResultsSingle‐county results showed 11 percent of eligible teeth were sealed. Only 9 percent of dentists applied sealants to at least 40 percent of eligible teeth. Face validation of sealant rate was 23 percent Medicaid versus 36 percent Public Health. The former measures incidence and the latter prevalence with greater heterogeneity that included partially retained sealants.ConclusionsA sealant measure that assesses provider adherence to sealant standards of care was produced. It has potential application for assessing performance of pediatric preventive services and informing value‐based performance expectations.
Demographic parameters of a free‐ranging deep‐diving cetacean, the long‐finned pilot whale
Authors: Verborgh Philippe , Gauffier Pauline , Esteban Ruth , de Stephanis Renaud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDemographic parameters provide baselines to estimate future population trajectories which can then be used in management decisions. The aim here was to estimate demographic parameters of long‐finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) from the Strait of Gibraltar by fitting mark‐recapture models to photo‐identification data of primary and secondary marked individuals. These parameters were used to forecast the future population trajectories in a population viability analysis (PVA) given different scenarios of demographic rates. Survival rate increased with age from 0.629, 95% CI [0.409, 0.805] for calves, 0.869, 95% CI [0.758, 0.934] for juveniles, to 0.972, 95% CI [0.953, 0.983] for adults. A preliminary mean observed interval of viable calves was 4.5 years. The PVA estimated the population would persist over 100 years with a 100% probability for all scenarios except those with lower 95% CI survival values, for which the probability of extinction reached 100%. Population growth rate was negative in all scenarios except those with 95% CI upper survival values. Interbirth interval and juvenile survival were found most influential and depended on the correct identification of secondary marked (e.g., calves and juveniles) individuals on a long‐term basis. This population was found in a precarious state prior to a morbillivirus outbreak that might even more endanger its long‐term viability.
Holocene land and sea‐trade routes explain complex patterns of pre‐Columbian crop dispersion
Authors: Larranaga Nerea , van Zonneveld Maarten , Hormaza Jose I. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryPre‐Columbian crop movement remains poorly understood, hampering a good interpretation of the domestication and diversification of Neotropical crops. To provide new insights into pre‐Columbian crop movement, we applied spatial genetics to identify and compare dispersal routes of three American crops between Mesoamerica and the Andes, two important centres of pre‐Columbian crop and cultural diversity.Our analysis included georeferenced simple‐sequence repeats (SSR) marker datasets of 1852 genotypes of cherimoya (Annona cherimolaMill.), a perennial fruit crop that became underutilised in the Americas after the European conquest, 770 genotypes of maize (Zea maysL.) and 476 genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.).Our findings show that humans brought cherimoya from Mesoamerica to present Peru through long‐distance sea‐trade routes across the Pacific Ocean at least 4700 yrbp, after more ancient dispersion of maize and other crops through the Mesoamerican isthmus over land and near‐coastal waters.To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of pre‐Columbian crop movement between Mesoamerica and the Andes across the Pacific Ocean providing new insights into pre‐Columbian crop exchange in the Americas. We propose that cherimoya represents a wider group of perennial fruit crops dispersed by humans via sea‐trade routes between Mesoamerica and the Andes across the Pacific Ocean.
Strong photoperiod sensitivity is controlled by cooperation and competition among Hd1, Ghd7 and DTH8 in rice heading
Authors: Zong Wubei , Ren Ding , Huang Minghui , Sun Kangli , Feng Jinglei , Zhao Jing , Xiao Dongdong , Xie Wenhao , Liu Shiqi , Zhang Han , Qiu Rong , Tang Wenjing , Yang Ruqi , Chen Hongyi , Xie Xianrong , Chen Letian , Liu Yao‐Guang , Guo Jingxin 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a short‐day (SD) plant originally having strong photoperiod sensitivity (PS), with SDs promoting and long days (LDs) suppressing flowering. Although the evolution of PS in rice has been extensively studied, there are few studies that combine the genetic effects and underlying mechanism of different PS gene combinations with variations in PS.

We created a set of isogenic lines among the core PS‐flowering genes Hd1, Ghd7 and DTH8 using CRISPR mutagenesis, to systematically dissect their genetic relationships under different day‐lengths. We investigated their monogenic, digenic, and trigenic effects on target gene regulation and PS variation.

We found that Hd1 and Ghd7 have the primary functions for promoting and repressing flowering, respectively, regardless of day‐length. However, under LD conditions, Hd1 promotes Ghd7 expression and is recruited by Ghd7 and/or DTH8 to form repressive complexes that collaboratively suppress the Ehd1‐Hd3a/RFT1 pathway to block heading, but under SD conditions Hd1 competes with the complexes to promote Hd3a/RFT1 expression, playing a tradeoff relationship with PS flowering. Natural allelic variations of Hd1, Ghd7 and DTH8 in rice populations have resulted in various PS performances.

Our findings reveal that rice PS flowering is controlled by crosstalk of two modules – Hd1–Hd3a/RFT1 in SD conditions and (Hd1/Ghd7/DTH8)–Ehd1–Hd3a/RFT1 in LD conditions – and the divergences of these genes provide the basis for rice adaptation to broad regions.
A new conceptualization of the nurse–patient relationship construct as caring interaction
Authors: Allande Cussó Regina , Siles González José , Ayuso Murillo Diego , Gómez Salgado Juan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe journey through the history of nursing, and its philosophical and political influences of the moment, contextualizes the interest that arose about the nurse–patient relationship after World War II. The concept has always been defined as a relationship but, from a phenomenological approach based on a historical, philosophical, psychological and sociological cosmology, it is possible to re‐conceptualize it as ‘caring interaction’. Under the vision of aesthetics and sociopoetics, the object of nursing care is the most delicate, vulnerable and unrepeatable raw material: the person, whose feelings and reciprocity, which must be considered. In addition, it involves the adoption of the socio‐critical paradigm, as it considers the importance of actively involving the person, not just patient anymore, or their family in the nursing cares, optimizing the reciprocity inherent to this interactivity. In short, our philosophical and epistemological approach to the concept of nurse–patient relationship proposes a new conceptualization of it as a caring interaction.
Seed dormancy of 80 tropical montane forest species in Sri Lanka, the first dormancy profile for a tropical montane forest community
Authors: Athugala Y. S. , Gehan Jayasuriya K. M. G. , Gunaratne A. M. T. A. , Baskin C. C. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Community‐level seed dormancy studies are important in understanding the dynamics of plant communities and adaptations of species to their habitat. Our aim was to develop a seed dormancy profile for tropical montane forests of Sri Lanka, which are a global biodiversity hotspot, and compare it to the profile made using a world database for this vegetation type.

Germination, imbibition and embryo length : seed length ratio of seeds were determined for 80 Sri Lankan montane forest species.

Seeds of 31 species were fast‐germinating with a median length of germination (MLG) <30 days and the remaining 49 were slow‐germinating with MLG >30 days. Embryos of six fast‐germinating species grew prior to radicle emergence, indicating morphological dormancy (MD). The other 25 fast‐germinating species had non‐dormant (ND) seeds. Manually scarified seeds of two species imbibed significantly more water than non‐scarified seeds, revealing physical dormancy (PY). Embryos of 20 slow‐germinating species grew prior to radicle emergence, confirming morpho‐physiological dormancy (MPD). The remaining slow‐germinating species had a fully developed embryo and thus physiological dormancy (PD). The percentage of species with ND seeds and with MD, MDP, PD and PY was 31, 7.5, 25, 34 and 2.5, respectively.

Species with dormant seeds (70%) dominate the Sri Lankan montane forest community similar to the world database, with 85% dormant seeds. Seed dormancy may be an adaptation that prevents seeds from germinating during the Sri Lankan dry season from December to March when conditions are unfavourable for seedling growth due to low water availability.
Susceptibility to flavescence dorée of different Vitis vinifera genotypes from north‐western Italy
Authors: Ripamonti Matteo , Pegoraro Mattia , Morabito Cristina , Gribaudo Ivana , Schubert Andrea , Bosco Domenico , Marzachì Cristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility to flavescence dorée (FD) of 12 Vitis vinifera cultivars grown in Piedmont, and representative of the wine‐making tradition of this area. The experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to ensure constant infection pressure. Test plants were ex vitro potted vines, singly inoculated with four Scaphoideus titanus infected by FD‐C phytoplasma (FDp), under greenhouse conditions. Vines were tested for FDp at 5 and 8 weeks postinoculation (wpi) and the phytoplasma load was measured in leaves and roots at 8 wpi. Within the 14 V. vinifera accessions (belonging to 12 cultivars), three susceptibility clusters were identified. Cultivars within the low susceptibility group showed low phytoplasma loads and low percentages of infected plants, suggesting a tolerant behaviour. To confirm these results, four Vitis cultivars, representing extremes of FD susceptibility from low to high, were grafted onto Kober 5BB rootstocks and inoculated with laboratory‐infected S. titanus, under semi‐field conditions. The transmission experiments onto grafted cuttings confirmed that susceptibility to the disease depends on the scion genotype. The data indicated that none of the tested V. vinifera genotypes are resistant to FD, although some cultivars with low susceptibility are available, and can be explored for identifying genetic traits involved in disease tolerance/resistance. Moreover, ranking Vitis genotypes for their susceptibility to FD is in itself a valuable tool to support vine growers in their decision management, by helping them to choose the most appropriate varieties according to their specific FD epidemiological contexts.
Leaf characteristics of rice cultivars with a stronger yield response to projected increases in CO2 concentration
Authors: Wang Weilu , He Jiang , Wang Zhiqin , Gu Junfei , Liu Lijun , Zhang Weiyang , Ziska Lewis H. , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) could, potentially, be exploited as a means to increase seed yield and maintain food security, especially for cereal grains. Although there have been multiple cultivar trials indicating that significant yield variation occurs, the basis for these differences has not been entirely elucidated. Here, we focus on two rice cultivars that differed in field trials to their yield sensitivity to elevated CO2: Yangdao6hao (YD6), and Wuyunjing23 (W23) to assess whether observed yield differences (YD6 > W23) were associated with concurrent changes in leaf‐level characteristics. At ambient levels of CO2, leaf net photosynthesis (A) of YD6 was compatible with that of W23. However, at elevated CO2, A was higher for YD6 relative to W23. The stability of leaf Rubisco content, biochemical characteristics (Vc,max, and Jmax), nitrogen enzymatic activity, and chlorophyll concentration differed significantly, with greater values observed for YD6 relative to W23 at elevated CO2. While such results are consistent with other studies, we also demonstrate that a higher ratio of carbon sinks (seed) to carbon sources (leaf), were linked to increases in cytokinins, and slower flag leaf senescence for the YD6 relative to the W23 cultivar at elevated CO2. While additional data for a broader genetic selection are needed, the current study suggests a link between source/sink carbon assimilation, maintenance of photosynthetic biochemistry, and slower leaf senescence for rice cultivars that show a stronger yield response to projected CO2 levels. This information, in turn, may provide suitable metrics for future CO2 selection among rice cultivars.
African American access to management post‐1990: A review and critique of existing sociological research
Authors: Wilson George 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study reviews and critiques the growing body of sociological research that has dramatically increased our understanding of the dynamics of African American disadvantage in access to managerial positions across the post‐1990 period. This literature, first, identifies both the burdensome barriers to entry faced by African Americans (e.g., a relatively narrow and formalistic route to management which is pronounced in the private sector) and how equal employment opportunity (EEO) directives may reduce them. Second, it establishes that African Americans face more difficulties retaining positions than Whites (e.g., process of downward movement is broad and generalized and is pronounced in the private sector) and formal EEO policy governing the process of downward movement often institutionalizes racial inequalities. Nevertheless, both richer/more definitive empirical insights and theoretical development on this topic remains elusive because of two fundamental shortcomings discussed as follows: (1) the nature and consequences of severe data/evidentiary limitations, and (2) limitations in the scope/breadth of issues examined.
Self‐perceived and objective measurements of facial puffiness in Chinese women
Authors: Nkengne Alex , Robic Julie , Lua Bee Leng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundFacial puffiness, caused by mild or normal fluid retention, commonly experienced by women, may not pose a health risk, but it can be a cause of cosmetic concern. The objectives of this study were to determine whether self‐perceived facial puffiness can be measured objectively.Materials and MethodsA total of 151 Chinese women between 20 and 68 years of age were recruited. Facial water content, skin thickness, and elasticity were measured at two time points within a day (visit one occurred when the participants perceived they had facial puffiness; visit two occurred when the participants perceived their facial puffiness had subsided). Participants were also given a rating scale to self‐evaluate their puffiness and firmness at different regions of the face.ResultsThe participants could perceive a difference in facial puffiness between the two visits. Water content and skin thickness were significantly higher in all regions of the face for all participants during the first visit. Skin elasticity was also significantly different between visits one and two. There was a significant increase in water content and skin thickness in the lower eyelid region in women who were older than 40 years.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that self‐perceived facial puffiness can be measured objectively and that skin elasticity can change significantly when facial puffiness subsides.
Implementing thrombelastography: Experiences from a level I trauma institution
Authors: Dixon Alexandra , Underwood Samantha , Schreiber Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractViscoelastic hemostatic assays such as thrombelastography (TEG) and rotational thrombelastometry have proven to be important point‐of‐care tools in the management of acute traumatic hemorrhage. Despite the availability of prospective studies that have confirmed the utility of TEG in reducing transfusion requirements and mortality in bleeding patients when compared to conventional coagulation tests, many institutions run into barriers implementing these viscoelastic hemostatic assays due to concerns regarding cost and benefit. At our academic Level 1 trauma institution, the Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery advocated for the addition of TEG to the clinical armamentarium of providers caring for injured patients and thus spearheaded the clinical implementation of TEG. With the approval of the central laboratory, the Division developed an extensive and well‐trained team to run and interpret TEGs as well as perform machine validation and upkeep. The Division continues to perform point‐of‐care testing throughout the hospital today.
Viscoelastic testing in pediatric patients
Authors: Haas Thorsten , Faraoni David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA tailored transfusion algorithm based on viscoelastic testing in the perioperative period or in trauma patients is recommended by guidelines for bleeding management. Bleeding management strategies in neonates and children are mostly extrapolated from the adult experience, as published evidence in the youngest age group is scarce. This manuscript is intended to give a structured overview of what has been published on the use of viscoelastic testing to guide bleeding management in neonates and children. Several devices that use either the traditional viscoelastic method or resonance viscoelastography technology are on the market. Reference ranges for children have been evaluated in only some of them. As most of the hemostasis maturation processes can be observed during the first year of life, adult reference ranges for viscoelastic testing could be applied over the age of 1 year. The majority of the published trials in children are based on retrospective analyses describing the correlation between viscoelastic testing and standard laboratory testing or focusing on the prediction of bleeding. Clinically more relevant studies in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery have demonstrated that the implementation of a transfusion algorithm based on viscoelastic testing has significantly reduced transfusion requirements and that this approach has enabled a rapid detection of coagulation disorders in the presence of excessive bleeding. Although further studies are urgently needed, experts have reviewed the use of a transfusion algorithm based on viscoelastic testing in children as a feasible approach, as it has been shown to improve bleeding management and rationalize blood product transfusion.
Damage Classification of Composites Based on Analysis of Lamb Wave Signals Using Machine Learning
Authors: Dabetwar Shweta , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen , Dias João Paulo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Composite materials have a myriad of applications in complex engineering systems, and multiple structural health monitoring (SHM) strategies have been developed. However, these methods are challenging due to signal attenuation and excessive noise interference in composite materials. Signal processing can capture a small difference between the input–output signals associated with the severity of the damage in composites. Thus, the research question is “can signal processing techniques reduce the required number of features and assess the randomness of fatigue damage classification in composite materials using machine learning (ML) algorithms?” To answer this question, piezo-electric signals for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) test specimens were taken from NASA Ames prognostics data repository. A framework based on a comparative analysis of signals was developed. For the first specific aim, the effectiveness of features based on statistical condition indicators of the sensor signals were evaluated. For the second specific aim, actuator-sensor signal pair were analyzed using cross-correlation to extract two features. These features were used to train and test four supervised ML algorithms for damage classification and their performance was discussed. For the third specific aim, randomness in the dataset of fatigue damage of the specimens was assessed. Results showed that by signal processing, the requirement of features for training ML was reduced with the improvement in the performance of ML. The randomness was captured by the utilization of two specimens from the same material. This work contributes to the improvement of intelligent damage classification of composite materials, operating under complex working conditions.