bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Portions and Particle Sizes on Proximate Properties of Oil Palm Fronds
Authors: Sirrajudin Mohamed Sharizal , Salam Mohammed Abdus , Ahmad Azlan bin , Rak Aweng Eh , Mohamed Mazlan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of proximate analysis is basically to evaluate the fuel characteristics of raw materials. So, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of portions and particle sizes on proximate properties of oil palm fronds. The moisture analyser mx-50 machine was used in the identification of moisture content (MC) in the samples. Meanwhile, volatile matter (VM) was analyze based on BS EN 15148:2009 standard. Ash content (AC) was obtained using BS EN 14775:2009 standard. On the other hand, fix carbon (FC) was obtained through the summation of percentage in all three (3) different values of moisture content, ash content and volatile matter subtracted from 100%. The average percentage of MC of bottom, middle and top portion of oil palm fronds for smaller particle size (0.5mm) were 11.91±0.25%, 12.23±0.14%, 12.59±0.23% respectively. On the other hand, the average percentage of MC of the same portion of oil palm fronds for bigger particle size (1.5mm) were 10.67±0.41%, 11.25±0.12%, 11.53±0.23% respectively. Meanwhile, the average percentage of VM of the same portion of oil palm fronds for smaller particle size (0.5mm) were 81.02±0.28%, 80.68±0.33%, 80.15±0.19% respectively. The average percentage of VM of the same portion of oil palm fronds for bigger particle size (1.5mm) were 82.48±0.32%, 82.48±0.32%, 81.26±0.26% respectively. The average percentage of AC of the same portion of oil palm fronds for smaller particle size (0.5mm) were 2.48±0.15%, 2.63±0.16%, 2.85±0.70% respectively and for bigger particle size were 2.23±0.11%, 2.46±0.71%, 2.67±0.50% respectively. Last but not least the average percentage of FC of the same portion of oil palm fronds for smaller particle size were 4.59±0.26%, 4.46±0.60%, 4.41±0.11% respectively and for bigger particle size were 4.62±0.33%, 4.57±0.15%, 4.54±0.02% respectively. Based on the results of proximate analysis above, it can be concluded that, oil palm fronds has a potential to be utilized as solid fuel.
Observation of Arc Behaviour in TIG/MIG Hybrid Welding Process
Authors: Ellyana Roslan Rose Alifah , Mamat Sarizam , Teo Pao Ter , Mohamad Firdaus , Gudur Srinath , Toshifumi Yuji , Tashiro Shinichi , Tanaka Manabu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this project, the influence of TIG currents’s variation on arc stability of TIG/MIG hybrid welding was studied by comparing with MIG welding process. The welding current-voltage waveform was analyzed to characterize the arc stability of the MIG arc. From the observations, the introduction of TIG arc as low as 60 A of current significantly change the MIG arc stability in TIG/MIG hybrid welding. The length of MIG arc in TIG/MIG welding increased with the introduction of the TIG arc as compared with MIG welding. The increase of arc length was due to the arc interaction between the TIG arc and MIG arc, which is affecting the wire melting rate. At the maximum TIG current, the diameter of the molten droplet decreased with the increment of droplet transfer frequency.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Parkia speciosa Pod-based Magnetic Biochar
Authors: Rao Thevisri Hannanda , Mohammad Rosmawani , Shoparwe Noor Fazliani 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the use of Parkia speciosa pod (petai pod) in the form of magnetic biochar as an efficient bioadsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) in batch mode. The adsorption onto the magnetic biochar achieved about 99% of removal for all the initial concentrations studied (25 mg/L – 250 mg/L). The adsorption processes were studied using the adsorption isotherms, which were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich model. The adsorption using magnetic biochar followed Freundlich model, indicating the heterogeneous surface of the magnetic biochar. Thus, the study showed that the Parkia speciosa pod (PSP) as agricultural waste has the potential to be used as a low-cost adsorbent.
Effect of alumina addition on physical and structural properties of ceramic porcelain
Authors: Ibrahim Norfadhilah , Ya’akob Nur Hidayah , Yusoff Mahani , Nor Amal Najihah Muhamad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Porcelain usually made up of kaolin, feldspar, silica and alumina have properties as an electrical insulator. The effect of adding different amounts of alumina into the porcelain composition has revealed the positive possibility in the production of the ceramic insulator. The different types of raw materials which are feldspar, silica, kaolin and alumina used in the production of porcelain insulator samples by varying their composition. The properties of the porcelain sample after being sinter at 900 °C were identified according to their physical and structural properties. The porcelain sample properties were investigated using XRD, XRF and density test. The presence of corundum, quartz, albite and mullite phases was believed to increase the physical and structural strength of the porcelain sample.
Drying properties of Sentang (Azadirachta excelsa) dried under different temperatures
Authors: Mohamad Ruddin Noor Zulai’ha , Rasid Shaharlina , Hermawan Andi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the drying properties of Sentang (Azadirachta excelsa) dried at different temperatures. Sentang tree planted in Kelantan, Malaysia, was used in this study. Drying specimens with dimensions of 30 ×150 × 500 mm were dried under air-drying conditions, a constant temperature of 60, 80, 100, and 120 °C until the moisture content (MC) of the specimens reaches an equilibrium moisture content (EMC) at each drying condition. The drying properties of the specimens were then examined. The results confirmed that drying temperature had a significant effect on drying time. As expected, drying Sentang under air-drying conditions demanding considerable time than the other drying conditions.
Preparation & Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Agriculture Waste
Authors: Senusi Nur Aiman , Mohd Shohaimi Norshahidatul Akhmar , Halim Ahmad Zamani Ab , Shukr Nurasmat Mohd , Abdul Razab Mohammad Khairul Azhar , Mohamed Mazlan , Mohd Amin Mohamad Asyraf , Mokhtar Wan Nur Aini Wan , Ismardi Abrar , Mohamed Noor An’Amt Bin , Abdullah Nor Hakimin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, microcrystalline cellulose was prepared from oil palm trunk by water treated fibre process and alkali bleaching. The prepared samples were characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR-ATR spectra analysis indicates the presence of the hydroxyl group, alcohol, alkane/alkene and imine group. XRD patterns revealed the amorphous nature of the samples and the crystallinity index for extracted cellulose is 48.7 %. SEM images showed the fibrous structure of the microcrystalline cellulose with a size of 50 μm. This research proved that the synthesized microcrystalline cellulose could be potentially used as reinforcement in bio composite for better performance and ductility.
Synthesis of Sodium Alginate Graphene Oxide-Silver Film for Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Mohd Zin Farah Amanina , Noor An’amt Mohamed , Mohd Nasri Wan Nurshafeera Wan , Roslan Nurul Natasya , Buniamin Nur Aqilah , Abdul Razab Mohammad Khairul Azhar , Mat Rasa Mohd Sukhairi , Abdullah Nor Hakimin , Mohd Amin Mohamad Faiz , Wei Lee Seong , Rameshkumar Perumal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A facile preparation of graphene oxide silver alginate film (GO-Ag) has been constructed for the antibacterial activity. Graphene oxide (GO) was used as a substrate towards arranging of unagglomerated silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) by a simple microwave irradiation on combination of GO and silver complexes in the presence of alginate. The obtained nanocomposite were characterized by using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Xray Diffraction to confirm the formation of film composite. AgNPs with spherical-shape deposited on the GO Alginate layer which displayed a good antibacterial towards E.Coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Optimization And Kinetic Analysis On The Production Of Hyaluronic Acid By Streptococcus Zooepidemicus In A Batch System
Authors: Shoparwe Noor Fazliani , Kew Wee Seng , Mohamad Mardawani , Ameram Nadiah , Zaini Makhtar Muaz Mohd 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, the optimization and kinetic analysis on the effect of process parameters for the production of hyaluronic acid production by S. zooepidemicus were performed in batch system. The fermentation condition such as inoculum size (2 to 20 %), pH (4 to 10), temperature (30 to 45) and agitation (50 to 500) were optimized using “one-factor-at-a-time” method. It was found that the inoculum size of 10 % had the greatest effect on the fermentation process which gave the highest value of specific growth rate, cell biomass and HA production of 0.72 h−1, 1.96 gl−1 and 0.82 gl−1, respectively. Furthermore, the other process parameters such as pH, temperature and agitation speed were also found to improve the cell biomass, HA production and kinetic analysis. The highest cell biomass (0.17 gcell gglucose−1) and HA yield (0.096 gHA g glucose−1) were obtained at pH 7.0, 37 °C and agitation speed 300 rpm for 12 h. The overall kinetics analysis of maximum specific growth rate, volumetric cell biomass productivity and volumetric HA productivity obtained at optimum parameters were, 0.81 h−1, 0.183 gcell l−1 h−1 and 0.111 gHA l−1 h−1, respectively.
Heavy Metals Accumulation in River Water and Sediment Core at Kelantan River Tributaries of Gua Musang, Kelantan
Authors: Yusoff Abdul Hafidz , binti Zali Nur Athirah , Chang Chang Shen , Shoparwe Noor Fazliani , Ter Teo Pao , Zakaria Khairul Anam , lazim Azwan Mat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Several rivers around Gua Musang had been suspected as polluted area due to waste discharge from ore mining and palm oil factories located near the rivers. However, more evidence is needed to support the statement. Therefore, this study had been carried out to determine the water quality of Aring, Lebir and Relai Rivers at Gua Musang, Kelantan via its physiochemical parameters. Elemental concentrations of Fe, Al, Mn, Zn and Pb were determined in both water samples and sediment cores collected from Aring, Lebir and Relai Rivers to evaluate the accumulation trend of the heavy metal. The pollution level of heavy metals in Aring, Lebir and Relai Rivers were then investigated by using geo-accumulation index. The heavy metals of sediment were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) after being digested by an acid mixture of HNO3/HCL (1:3; v/v). This study shows that Aring, Lebir and Relai Rivers need to treated before direct consumption. The horizontal spatial distribution of heavy metals in water and sediment suggests that the rivers were contaminated with Mn, Fe, Al and Zn. Although Aring Rivers shows the highest concentration of Mn in both water and surface sediment, the inconsistent trend of vertical profiling of heavy metals through sediment cores shows Lebir River has the highest Fe, Pb, Zn and Al geoaccumulation while Relai River has the highest Mn geoaccumulation.
Traditional Processing Method of Smoked Corbicula fluminea (Etak): Case of Etak Vendor in Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Rak Aweng Eh , Azizan Ahamad Tarmizi , Yaacob Mohd Rafi , Hamzah Zulhazman , Syed Omar Sharifah Aisyah , Zakaria Mohd Nazri , Ismail Mohamad , Wan Ibrahim Wan Khairy , Mohamad Rani Wan Siti Farizan , Zaki Mohd Zaim , Mohammed Arifullah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Traditional knowledge is very synonymous with communities and tribes around the world, especially indigenous peoples or in Malaysia known as Orang Asli. This knowledge is borne out of the constraints faced by society in daily life and often passed down from generation to generation. All aspects of life in the community such as traditional medicines, pest and disease control, farming method, tools used in the preparation of soil and roads, methods of food preparation and so on are assisted by the traditional knowledge created by the community itself. Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea), locally known as “etak” in Kelantan dialect, Malaysia, has been consumed by the local community as a snack for a years. Smoked “etak” is prepared traditionally using freshly harvested “etak” from the river or natural habitat. Freshly harvested “etak” is then washed thoroughly and soak overnight to remove sand and dirt. Followed by, marinating with the previously prepared spices and soak for about 2 hours. The last process is to smoke the “etak” on the fire with medium heat. “Etaks” are placed on a platform made of bamboo with height of about one meter above the ground. Beneath it was lighted with firewood and before “etak” can be placed on a bamboo platform, it was necessary to make sure that the firewood is burned to the coals. This is to ensure that the “etak” shell is not opened as it is considered to be damaged and should not be eaten as a snack. “Etak” with shell open will dry and lose its juiciness and flavor. “Etak” should be stirred all the time when it is on a platform with medium heat fire. “Etak” is usually smoked for about 45 minutes and left to cool down before eating or selling. Based on an interview and observation conducted, it can be concluded that smoked “etak” which is prepared using traditional method is preferred by consumers, as it has a unique aroma and flavor. Hence, the current study aims to document this knowledge through informal conversational interview with “etak” smokers and consumers in Kelantan as well as observing the working mechanism of this method.
Assessment of metal concentrations in Polymesoda expansa from Sungai Geting, Tumpat, Kelantan and associated health risk
Authors: Idris Nor Shahirul Umirah , Jury Nuramalia , Mohd Talib Nurul Afiqah , Abdul Halim Nurul Syazana , Yaakub Nadzifah , Marican Nor Dalila 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The spatial distribution of lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, and arsenic in Polymesoda expansa from Sungai Geting, Tumpat Kelantan were determined with inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometer, in comparison to the levels in their surrounding water body. The objectives of this research was to determine the possible health risks associated with heavy metal accumulation via consumption of Polymesoda expansa by using Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The data indicate have associations between the concentrations of metal measured in study sampled and the levels observed at the sites. The results suggested that the concentration of arsenic in Polymesoda expansa was relatively higher than those studied elements. The concentration of arsenic in studied sample demonstrate the sources of the antropogenic inputs. In terms of risk assessment, concentrations of metals in Polymesoda expansa were significantly below the Malaysian Food Regulation 1985.
Four New Records of Zingiberaceae in Gunung Telapak Burok, Berembun Forest Reserve (Fr), Negeri Sembilan
Authors: Appalasamy S. , Arumugam N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA short survey on Zingiberaceae family was done in selected trails of Gunung Telapak Burok (1193m), Berembun Forest Reserve (FR), Negeri Sembilan. This botanical inventory for ginger family produced a list of 10 genera and 14 species, including four new records for Berembun Forest Reserve (FR) and Negeri Sembilan. Most gingers species found were from genusAlpiniaand followed byGlobba. Alpinia vitellina(Lindl.) Ridl. Four species namely Meistera ochrea (Ridl.) Skornick & M.F.Newman(Amomum ochreumRidl.),Camptandra ovataRidl.,Zingiber longibracteatumTheilade andConamomum utriculosumRidl.(Amomum utriculosum(Ridl.) Holtum) were not listed during previous botanical survey and were additional new records for Berembun Forest Reserve and Negeri Sembilan. The previous record also foundHaniffia cyanescensvar.cyanescenswhich is a hyper-endemic wild ginger in Bukit Tangga. In this survey, the species was collected in Gunung Telapak Burok. This flowering species was found to be a rare sighting in Gunung Telapak Burok. Some of the species found in Gunung Telapak Burok were found in less localities (less than five) especiallyZ. longibracteatumin Peninsular Malaysia. Thus this forest area must be preserved for its species richness especially in wild gingers.
Short Notes on Traditional Vegetables Consumed by Jahai Tribe in Klewang Village, Royal Belum State Park, Malaysia
Authors: Aweng E R , Suganthi A , Nivaarani A , Aisyah S O Sharifah , Choo A Mohd Radhi , Salam M.A. , Zulhazman H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Indigenous people are known for their lives blended with the environment. The resource for their survival was procured from their surrounding nature, including the traditional vegetables. Not much is known about the traditional vegetables species that they consumed and the ones they don’t. A simple survey was conducted among the Jahai aboriginal community in Klewang Village, Royal Belum State Park, on 5th March 2020. The study was conducted randomly using face-to-face interviews and surveys to identify the traditional vegetables found and consumed in the villages. The habitats of these traditional vegetables were recorded and the plants were collected and photographed for identification and live specimens were planted at Agro Techno Park, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus. All species were identified using spot characters such as inflorescence and leaf morphology. Survey results showed that there were seven species of traditional vegetables including planted and wild grown, namely, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta), purple milletia (Morus atropurpurea), torch ginger (Etlingera elatior), pigweed (Amaranthus viridis), Indian mulberry (Morus citrifolia) and wild eggplant (Solanum torvum). Out of these seven traditional vegetables, there are only three vegetable species that are not consumed by this tribe: pigweed (A. viridis), Indian mulberry shoots (M. citrifolia) and purple milletia shoots (M. atropurpurea).
The diversity of small mammals in a mixed fruit orchard at Bukit Bekong limestone massif, Merapoh, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Muhammad Aminuddin Baqi H F , Mohamad Iqbal N H , Nur Nabilah A R , Nur Ain Aiman A R , Suganthi A , Fong P H , Jayaraj V K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The increasing forest fragmentation due to human encroachment has isolated and scattered forest patches and limestone karsts. Agroforestry has been touted as a sustainable solution for the agriculture sector to yield crops and also provide alternative habitats for wildlife outside protected areas and linking forest patches and isolated limestone karsts. This initial survey was conducted to evaluate small mammals (bats and non-volant) assemblages present in a mixed fruit orchard bordering Bukit Bekong limestone massif in Merapoh, Pahang. We captured 193 individuals from 28 species (13 for bats & 15 for non-volant) using mist nets, harp traps and cage traps. This orchard contains Nycteris tragata and Kerivoula pellucida, listed as Near Threatened plus Maxomys rajah as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List, revealing the fact that this small area in comparison to protected areas possesses unprecedented conservation value. Furthermore, 15 out of 28 small mammal species captured are habitat generalist may provide a cause of concern for the loss of forest specialists. Nonetheless, our results show that less intensively managed agroforest like mixed fruit orchard can also support forest specialists that are sensitive to disturbance. Moreover, the presence of limestone karst nearby contributes to bat diversity, especially cave-roosting bats. In summary, the diversity of small mammals in agroforest is worth to be studied as the species accumulation curve in this one mixed fruit orchard has yet to reach an asymptote. We hope future biodiversity data in agroforest will be incorporated in agriculture management strategies to stimulate sustainable agriculture and promoting mammal diversity.
The response of woody borreria (Hedyotis verticillata Lam.) towards curry leaves (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.) aqueous extract at the vegetative growth
Authors: Hanis Zakaria Noor Iffa , Zain Norhafizah Md , Bristone Basiri , Naher Laila 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe massive used of synthetic chemical herbicides in crop production to meet the increasing demand had cause negativel impacts on the environment and ecosystem. Allelopathy approach of potential crops is a suitable alternative that should be explored to have sustainable weed management. The present study was conducted to determine the phytotoxic effect of aqueous curry leaves(Murraya koenigii(L.) Spreng.) extract on the emergence and seedling growth of the bioassay species, woody borreria(Hedyotis verticillataLam.) under laboratory and nursery condition. The seed and seedling of bioassay species were treated with different concentration of aqueous curry leaves extract at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100g/L (laboratory) and 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250g/L (nursery). The results showed that the aqueous curry leaves extract possesses a significant inhibition on seed emergence, shoot fresh weight and radicle length ofH. verticillataat 100g/L concentration, where it reduced by almost 100% when applied as pre-emergence under laboratory condition. Meanwhile, the curry leaves extract at highest concentration of 250g/L significantly reduced the weed shoot fresh weight by 31% as compared to control and 50g/L concentration when treated at soil surface as post-emergence under nursery condition. Conversely, there is insignificant reduction in shoot height and root length ofH. verticillataacross all the applicate rates. These results suggest that curry leaves can be a good source to develop pre-emergence natural herbicide for weed management which is also eco-friendly for the environment and human beings.
Adoption of Post-Harvest Practices Implemented by Fruit Farmers in Johor
Authors: Abu Bakar Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah T , Man Norsida , Nawi Nolila Mohd , Shah Jasmin Arif 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The post-harvest practice is important to maintain and prolong the shelf life of fruits and vegetable. However, farmer’s adoption towards agriculture practices is still low. This research aims to determine post-harvest adoption among fruit farmers in Johor. The study employs a Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Theory Planned Behaviour (TPB) to evaluate the factors that influencing post-harvest practice adoption. 150 fruit farmers in Johor were chosen by using a simple random sampling technique. This study indicates that the level of performance expectations (M=4.27), effort expectations (M=4.36), facilitating conditions (M=3.95), attitude (M=4.09) and post-harvest practices adoption (M=4.33) have a high mean score. This study emphasises the importance of post-harvest practices adoption in improving and maintaining the quality of fruits. Post-harvest practices adoption could help to enhance the per capita availability of fruits because the adoption of post-harvest practises and technologies will affect the reduction in fruits losses, thus increasing the availability of fruits products.