bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Vortex Structures formed inside a Lid Driven Cavity – Influence of Extending the Length of the Cavity
Authors: Ranjith D J , Sreenath K , Ajith Kumar S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Finite volume methods based on pressure-velocity coupling in incompressible flow has been evolved as the basic guideline and is successfully implemented in numerous industrial and aerospace fields. In our studies, we use this class of techniques for analysing flow inside the lid driven cavity. Our simulation analysis is based on the finite-volume method using non-uniform staggered mesh. An issue of storing and coupling pressure-velocity in finite volume method is solved by using SIMPLE algorithm are reviewed. Current works aim to study the formation of vortex for varied Reynolds numbers based on numerical simulations and its influence over mid-plane velocities as extending the length of the cavity. The simulation results are represented in terms of contours of streamlines and velocity plot.
Structural and antibacterial studies of rice straw based zno nanocomposite
Authors: Anjali Nambiar P K , Devadathan Dedhila , Baiju V , Raveendran R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present study is focused on the structural and antibacterial studies of rice straw based ZnO nanocomposite. For comparison, counterparts were also synthesized. Nanoparticles of ZnO were synthesized through combustion method and co-precipitation method. Structural characterizations of all the synthesized samples were carried out using XRD. Antibacterial studies of the synthesized samples were carried out. The present study investigates the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized samples as antibacterial agents. The selected microbes for the present study are gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), the gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli)..
Structural and photocatalytic degradation studies of rice straw based MgO nanocomposite
Authors: Deepika R , Devadathan Dedhila , Rejani P , Raveendran R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present study is focused on the comparison of structural and photocatalytic degradation activities of nanocomposite of MgO formed with rice straw, a biopolymer. For comparison, counter parts were also synthesized. Nanoparticles of magnesium oxide were synthesized through controlled co-precipitation method in presence of citric acid. Structural characterizations of all the synthesized samples were carried out using XRD. Comparison of XRD of metal oxide with JCPDS confirmed that the formed metal oxide was MgO. Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes Congo Red, an acidic dye and Methylene Blue, a basic dye was done.
Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Crystalline Pure β-Tri Calcium Phosphate & Its Dopants as Bone Substitutes
Authors: Samanta Sujan Krishna , Chanda Abhijit , Nandi Samit Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
β-Tri calcium phosphate ceramics play a significant role in several biomedical application for their marked resorbability and bioactivity. One of them is in bone grafting, where it is used for treating bone defects caused by wounds or osteoporosis. In the present work an in-depth and systematic study of pure and different doped variants (Zinc, Magnesium and Titanium) of β-Tri calcium phosphate was done. We have prepared pure β-Tri calcium phosphate and its different dopants of different strength. All together seven different composition were studied. We have tried to investigate some important features which are the prerequisite for their application. These include lattice parameter study, mechanical properties, contacts behaviour with SBF, haemolytic characteristics, and its cytotoxic nature. The capability of new apatite development on the surface of pure and doped β-TCP samples were also considered and compared by using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) to observe their interaction with human body fluid.
Effect of post deposited annealing ambience and temperature on the longer visible absorption of zinc oxide films
Authors: Rakhesh V , Devan Aparna S , Shankar Balakrishnan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Zinc oxide films were deposited on heated glass substrates at different substrate temperature 450°C and 500°C. After the deposition, some samples were heat treated at 500°C for one hour in air and some samples in vacuum for one hour at the same temperature. Absorbance analysis revealed that as deposited samples and post heat treated samples are showing intense absorption near 1.5eV apart from that corresponding to band gap of ZnO. The absorption coefficient variation with incident energy for the samples annealed in vacuum after deposition at 450° suggested the presence of oxygen vacancy as the native defect for the absorption near 1.5eV. The absorption energy for the samples obtained from (αhν)2 vs energy plot suggested that same kind of defect may be present in all the samples and is around 1.53eV.
Study of vibration characteristics of unbalanced overhanging rotor
Authors: Ahobal N , Ajit prasad S L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The rotor unbalance and misalignment are two major sources of vibration. Rotor unbalance is omnipresent in all rotating machinery, posing serious threat to machine life and operation. The present work is an attempt to investigate the vibration characteristics of rotating mechanical system, which has unbalanced rotor mounted on overhanging shaft. Vibration signals are acquired using accelerometer mounted on the bearing housing nearer to the rotor. The FFT analysis of the acquired data revealed the steady state response of balanced and unbalanced rotor under operating conditions. Numerical analysis of the system using ANSYS portrayed the modal frequencies, mode shapes; harmonic analysis illustrates the response of system for different mass unbalance. The results revealed that magnitude of vibration characteristics significantly increases with excitation frequency and overhang length. Campbell diagram illustrates the absence of critical speed within the selected operating range.
Preparation and characterization of Ba4Co2Fe36O60 filled PP composites
Authors: Viswanath Abhishek , Navaneeth Krishnan K , Murali K P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Phase pure U type hexaferrites having molecular formula Ba4Co2Fe36O60 is synthesized through solid state route as filler for the fabrication of magneto-dielectric (MD) composite. Being a MD material the U type hexaferrite has a promising future in information and communication sector as a base substrate for electronic circuits. Since they exhibit both electric and magnetic properties, they can contribute effectively to circuit miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement compared to an antenna printed on a dielectric substrate. The filler material is then blended with PP (Poly Propylene) matrix and Magneto dielectric substrates are produced via hot pressing technique. Filler concentration has been varied from 70 to 90 wt. % in PP matrix and ascertained amount of optimum filler fraction for dimensionally stable substrate having acceptable properties. Dielectric and magnetic characterizations have been done using Impedance analyzer. It is found that the density of the composite and the dielectric constant is increasing with the increase in filler loading up to an optimum level and further filler loading reduces the density as well as the dielectric constant due to increased porosity. For optimum filler loading a maximum density of 2.96 g/cm3 is achieved. Relative permeability values are found increasing with filler loading even beyond the optimum filler loading. The optimum loaded poly Propylene/Ba4Co2Fe36O60 composite has an effective dielectric constant of 9.21, loss tangent of 0.083, relative permeability of 3.6 and a magnetic loss of 0.060 at 1MHz. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the composite has been investigated using thermo mechanical analyzer. Moisture absorption rate of the optimum filler loaded composite is studied and found to be less than 0.1%. Relatively good dielectric constant, low loss tangent together with better relative permeability make the Ba4Co2Fe36O60 filled PP composites an excellent choice as Microwave substrate.
Thermal analysis for optimized selection of cooling techniques for SiC devices in high frequency switching applications
Authors: Balachandran Rahul , Vijaya Kumari A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The inception of wide bandgap power semiconductors has paved way for the evolution of highly efficient power switches. A deep understanding about the thermal characteristics of the SiC power device is essential to utilize its advantages in terms of higher thermal and power handling capability. The primary objective of this paper is to establish an accurate thermal model by proposing and comparing different methodologies for thermal analysis of commercially available SiC device, which in turn will aid to select optimum cooling techniques for higher system efficiency. Exponential curve fitting technique was exploited to deduce the parameters for RC equivalent network model. A high frequency sinusoidal pulse width modulated SiC MOSFET inverter with a fixed load was considered for electro-thermal analysis using a unified software platform PLECS. The effect of switching frequency on heat sink volume was established through simulation studies with imbibed datasheet parameters of a commercial power device. Finally, a 3-D model of the commercially available SiC power MOSFET in SOT-227B package was built to analyse the device heat dissipation profile for an optimized cooling choice. The proposed modelling approach serves to provide a platform for the thermal optimization of power devices and can be extended to other semiconductor devices.
Study on PV Thermal Integrated systems for Rooftop Applications
Authors: Mohan Harsh , Manoj Reddy G , Gopal Vinod Kumar , Hariprasad M P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Around 90% of the total solar wafers produced and deployed around the globe is primarily based either on mono or polycrystalline silicon cells. Majority of these are deployed for converting incoming insolation directly to electrical energy and are termed as photovoltaic systems (PV). Another application is to convert the incoming solar energy into thermal energy and termed as Thermal systems (T). The vital components for both the above conversions are their respective solar energy collection systems. As the temperature rises, the conversion efficiency of solar cells decreases. This is due to the fact that with increase in temperature, there will be a reduction in the mobility of charge carriers. When deployed in field, photovoltaic cells will heat up rapidly as they are good heat absorbers. In storage integrated solar installations, heat is considered as killer of all batteries and encapsulate. The work aims at design and development of an integrated PV thermal solar system to efficiently utilise the incoming solar energy. An efficient heat exchanger mechanism will help bringing in possibility of having a storage integrated solar module so that the final solution will have generation, storage and thermal evacuation in the same laminate. The integrated model when implemented gives enough room and a lower temperature chamber, where the batteries could be easily integrated without loss of cycle life and AH capacity loss.
Mechanical Properties of Graphite Filled ABS Parts Developed by Fused Deposition Modelling
Authors: Makannavar Rahul , Keshavamurthy R. , Biradar Mallikarjun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The current work focuses on synthesis of graphite filled ABS plastic filament suitable for Fused Deposition Modelling applications. The Effect of graphite reinforcement on mechanical properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) parts developed by FDM process have been studied. Twin screw extrusion technique was adopted for synthesis of filament required for FDM process. Pure ABS and graphite filled FDM parts have been subjected to microstructure and tensile studies. Microstructure studies confirms that graphite filled filaments are free from micro porosity. Tensile test shows that graphite filled ABS parts have exhibited significant enhancement in ultimate tensile strength when compared pure ABS parts.
Comparative investigation on nonlinear transient vibrations of laminated composite shallow shell with active constrained layer damping treatment using PFRC and AFC patch material
Authors: Nandurkar Santosh , Ashok M H , Shivakumar J , Khadakbhavi Vishwanath , Pujari Sanjay 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Here, the comparative investigation for the performance of active constrained layer damping treatment using PFRC and AFC patch material for controlling the nonlinear transient vibrations of laminated composite shallow shell is carried out. The patch material used in this case for making the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is PFRC and AFC. For modelling of ACLD in the time domain Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) method is used. The Von Kármán type non-linear strain displacement relations along with a simple first-order shear deformation theory are used for deriving this electromechanical coupled problem. A finite model in 3-dimensions have been developed for smart composite shallow shell integrated with the ACLD treated patches of PFRC and AFC. The results of both the cases have been compared and it has been found that the improved performance of AFC patch over the PFRC in subsiding the transient nonlinear vibrations of symmetric cross ply laminated composite shallow shell.
Numerical Modelling of Methanol-Gasoline Blends in PFI Spark Ignition Engines
Authors: Sherin Godson R , Thirumalini S , Tulapurkar Chetan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
According to present statistics, India is the 6th highest consumer of fossil fuels in the world. This raises high concerns in terms of emissions and import bills. Most recently India has taken stand to promote alternate fuels such as Methanol/biofuels and blends as substitute for conventional fuels. The use of blended fuel, without change in configuration of engine or in operating parameters can lead to lower performance. Operating parameters are to be optimized to obtain improvement in performance. Optimization requires rigorous experimentation, which increases cost of production for automotive manufacturers and simulation facilitates an early understanding of the engines behaviour. In this study, a 0.8 litre, 27.6 kW PFI engine is modelled and analysed to investigate the response of methanol-gasoline blends and experimental work is conducted for validation. Results indicated, with methanol blended up to 20% by volume, engine brake power was lower than base line gasoline but for blends of 20-50% by volume brake power and torque showed higher value than gasoline values. For M30, M40 and M50 with blend composition there was a proportionate increase in BSFC for all speed ranges.
Effect of ZnO additions to Na0.47K0.47Li0.06NbO3 ceramics prepared by ceramic method using high energy ball milling and sintered by microwave technique
Authors: Devi Huidrom Surjalata , Maisnam Mamata 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Conventional high temperature sintering of alkali niobates piezoceramics often leads to volatilization of constituent materials and poor densification resulting in deterioration of important properties. ZnO added sodium potassium lithium niobates (NKLN) piezoceramics having compositional formula Na0.47K0.47Li0.06NbO3 + y ZnO (y = 0wt.%, 0.5wt.%, 1.0wt.%, 1.5wt.%, 2.0wt.%) were prepared ceramic method using high energy ball mill and sintered by microwave technique at 1000°C for 20 mins. The phase structure of the prepared samples has been studied by using XRD. The electrical properties of the prepared sample such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity were measured in the range 50 Hz-2 MHz. It is observed that NKLN sample added with 2 wt.% ZnO has the highest remnant polarization value of 0.723μC/cm2 and the piezoelectric coefficient, d33 value of ∼ 25 pC/N. The results have been discussed.
Parametric Analysis for forming meso fractals from nanoparticle seeded resin in Hele Shaw cell
Authors: Kale Bharatbhushan S , Bhole Kiran 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Development of meso and micro size fractal structures is required to mimic various biological systems for various functions. Meso and micro size fractal structures are fabricated by several processes in Engineering. A number of fluid flows are exhaustively analyzed and investigated in the direction of development of meso and micro fractal structures. Hele-Shaw flow is one of the flows which fabricated meso and micro structure. Formation of fractals in Hele-Shaw cell can be done by compressing fluid in two flat parallel plates and lifting of upper plate in the upward direction. Lifting velocity of the upper plate, a gap between the plates, and fluid properties viz. density, viscosity are the major parameters in the formation of fractal. This paper presents the characterization of the fluid, study and analysis of microfractals followed by a mathematical model. The characterization of the fluid consists of photopolymer seeded with the nanopowder in the lifting plate of Hele-Shaw. The resin is prepared by mixing photoinitiator Benzoyl Ethyl Ether (BEE), Hexanediol Diacrylate (HDDA) added with ceramic nanopowder. Through the design of the experiment, micro fractal growth is observed and analysed. The fractals growth controlling parameters viz. gap between plates, velocity causes fluid separation are varied through the experimental setup. Effect of variation in viscosity set by varying loading fraction of seeded ceramic nanoparticles in a resin is observed for formation of fractals. Effect of process parameters on formation and growth of fractals is studied and presented. A dimensionless model of fractal growth is presented to analyse the effect of various parameters. Experimental methodology introduced a new style for the formation of controlled fractals or to imitate different meso and micro fractals available in nature or living things.
Modelling, Calibration and Fabrication of Electrical Capacitance Tomography Sensor for Bone Imaging
Authors: Ambika M. , Selvakumar S. , Manikandan K. , Padmanaban R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Electrical capacitance tomography is a technique to measure internal permittivity distribution based on external capacitance measurements which in turn generate a cross-sectional image representing the permittivity distribution thereby the material distribution. It possesses the advantages of non-radioactive, non-intrusive, non-invasive, high imaging speed and low cost over the conventional medical imaging techniques. Inter-electrode measurements are done by placing electrodes around the non-conductive dielectric medium cylinder inside which, the medium to be imaged is placed. This paper emphasizes on modelling and fabricating an electrical capacitance tomography sensor using ANSYS APDL for bone for which the sensor is calibrated using air and water. ECT sensor is modelled and fabricated by mounting 12 identical rectangular copper electrodes were placed symmetrically outside the Poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) cylindrical tube. The output from sensors can be converted to digital voltage values used for image reconstruction in MATLAB.
Experimental Studies on Friction Stir Processing of Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Dinesh Babu P , Sabrish S , Janani M , Harini E , Marimuthu P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) belongs to the solid state joining technique. In the present study, the effect of FSW parameters such as rotational speed and tool pin diameter on the weldability of ZK61A Magnesium alloy was investigated and the mechanical and micro structural characteristics of the welded specimens were analyzed at room temperature. Further, the tool wear was estimated with constant shoulder diameter. Radiographic tests were done to identify defects in the weldments.
Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer flow over irregular domain using finite elements method
Authors: Murali K. , Kesavulu Naidu V. , Venkatesh B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The finite element method of solution with curved triangles to solve the three-dimensional, fully-developed Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer flow equation in channel with curved side is solved using quasi-linearization and Gauss-Seidel iteration method. Exhaustive numerical computation and numerical experimentation reveals the parameters’ influence on the velocity distributions.. A salient feature of the method adopted in the present paper is that it ensures that the errors are almost equally distributed among all the nodes. It is found that the irregular cross-section channel with upward concave boundary decelerates the flow. Numerical experimentation involved different order curved triangular elements and extensive computation revealed that the quintic order curved triangular element yields the desired solution to an accuracy of 10−5. The finite element method is found to be very effective in capturing boundary and inertia effects in the three-dimensional, fully-developed flow through porous media. Further, it succeeds in giving the required solution for large values of Forchheimer number when shooting method fails to do so. The method can be easily employed in any other irregular cross-section channel.
Influence of Kenaf on Mechanical Properties of Glass Epoxy Composites
Authors: Joshi Anant , Shivakumar Gouda P S , Savanur Santosh , Uppin Vinayak , Veereshkumar G B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Composite materials are replacing with traditional materials, because of its superior properties such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, high strength to weight ratio. Kenaf were processed by retting process then treated with sodium hydroxide and were cut using crusher. Mixing of kenaf fiber with glass is finding increased applications due to its versatility. Present study focuses on the development of kenaf glass fiber reinforced composites by the aid hand lamination technique. The composite is investigated for their mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strengths. The results indicated that the incorporation of kenaf fiber with GFRP can improve the properties. Further, the fractured specimens are analysed for their failure mechanism using optical microscopic study.
Microstructural properties of lead free BiMnO3 ceramic prepared by mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Rahangdale Khushbu K , Ganguly Subhas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present paper reports the synthesis of BiMnO3 (BMO) using Bi2O3 and Mn2O3 as initial powder mixture through mechanochemical synthesis route by a planetary ball milling. The powder mixture was intensively milled in atmospheric temperature to achieve crystalline powder of BiMnO3 (BMO). For structural analysis of the sample the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation was carried. The XRD analysis clearly shows the single phase perovskite structure having monoclinic symmetry with lattice parameter a=5.883Å, c=7.525Å and space group P121/C1. SEM images confirm the achievement of polycrystalline morphology of BMO ceramic with visible grain boundary. It is also found that the presence of agglomerated structure was reduced as the milling time increases. The particle size of starting BMO was somewhat proportional to the grain size. The enhancement in the values of relative density from 90% to 97% of the resulting ceramics was recorded when the sample milling time increases from 1h to 20h. Eventually, the dielectric characteristics of the BMO sample were studied. The dielectric behaviour at room temperature to a temperature of 200°C has been reported. The properties of the prepared ceramic powder signify for potential application as a multiferroic material with simultaneous control over piezoelectric and dielectric characteristics.