bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Flexible Electron-blocking Interfacial Shield for Dendrite-free Solid Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Huo Hanyu , Gao Jian , Zhao Ning , Zhang Dongxing , Holmes Nathaniel , Li Xiaona , Sun Yipeng , Fu Jiamin , Li Ruying , Guo Xiangxin , Sun Xueliang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered to be the next-generation lithium-ion battery technology due to their enhanced energy density and safety. However, the high electronic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) leads to Li dendrite nucleation and proliferation. Uneven electric-field distribution resulting from poor interfacial contact can further promote dendritic deposition and lead to rapid short circuiting of SSBs. Herein, a flexible electron-blocking interfacial shield (EBS) is proposed to protect garnet electrolytes from the electronic degradation. The EBS formed by an in-situ substitution reaction can not only increase lithiophilicity but also stabilize the Li volume change, maintaining the integrity of the interface during repeated cycling. Density functional theory calculations show a high electron-tunneling energy barrier from Li metal to the EBS, indicating an excellent capacity for electron-blocking. EBS protected cells exhibit an improved critical current density of 1.2 mA cm-2 and stable cycling for over 400 h at 1 mA cm-2 (1 mAh cm-2) at room temperature. These results demonstrate an effective strategy for the suppression of Li dendrites and present fresh insight into the rational design of the SSE and Li metal interface.
SERS background imaging – A versatile tool towards more reliable SERS analytics
Authors: Ebersbach Paul , Münchberg Ute , Freier Erik 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a highly selective and sensitive straightforward analytical method, which is however not yet established in routine analysis due to a lack of reliability and reproducibility. To address this limitation, we show the distinct correlation of the ever-present but often neglected broad SERS background continuum with the SERS signal intensity of the analyte and how to exploit this correlation for an easy-to-handle, automatable and more reliable SERS measurement. First, fast and high-contrast imaging of the SERS substrate is performed for hot spot localisation utilizing the SERS background. Subsequently, highly enhanced SERS spectra are recorded at the centre of these spots. Furthermore, we correlate our SERS background imaging with other optical imaging modalities and electron microscopy to assess structure-property relationships. Monte Carlo simulations based on actual measurements illustrate the sampling error of a conventional SERS experiment and the advantages our method provides.
Salivary biochemical assessments to determine smoking cessation under smoking cessation program
Authors: Umer Daood , Bijle Mohammed Nadeem , Mahdi Syed Sarosh , Omar Hanan , Bilal Sobia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The study aim was to investigate the potential of salivary biochemical assessments to determine smoking cessation in patients under smoking cessation programs. Methods: The study validated smoking behavior and degree of nicotine dependence using Fagerström test for nicotine dependence in smokers and non-smokers. Protein components were examined using Raman spectroscopy. Salivary MMP-8 levels were analyzed using Quantikine human total MMP-8 immunoassay-kits. Thiocyanate (SCN-) concentrations, peroxidase and glutathione-peroxidase activities were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Human mononuclear cell line was examined for M1 polarization. The data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and two-tailed paired t-test at α=0.05. Results: Amide I peak in smoker group was significantly reduced as compared to non-smokers (p<0.05). Sulfhydryl bond, dialkyl disulfides SS-stretch and corresponding disulphide bond at 500-545 cm-1 were significantly increased in smokers (p<0.05). The CH2 wag showed higher intensity amongst smoker group representing a recoil of carbon atoms. Salivary MMP-8 levels of participants after smoking cessation was significantly lower than smoking salivary levels (p<0.05). The SCN- and peroxidase concentrations were significantly higher in smoking group whereas an M1 polarization was seen in non-smokers. Conclusion: Salivary biochemical analysis can aid clinicians to verify smoking cessation in patients under smoking cessation programs.
Use of traditional medicine for dental care by different ethnic groups in New Zealand
Authors: Guo Jun , Low Karson , Mei Li , Li JiaHui , Qu Wenwen , Guan Guangzhao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore the views, use of and access to traditional medicine (TM) among different ethnicities living in New Zealand. Methods: Qualitative study and in depth interviews were used. An individual semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using an inductive approach to identify the main themes. Results: Three main themes were extracted from interviews with 14 participants from diverse cultural backgrounds: (1) the perspectives of TM varied among different ethnic groups, and included the involvement of spirituality, the environment, knowledge and usage of TM. (2) The TM that was used by different ethnic groups included plants, herbs, massage, and other forms of healing. Reasons for choosing traditional or western medicines generally included family tradition, access to TM, and finding a competent traditional healer. (3) The barriers in accessing TM included the paucity of traditional healers, difficulty accessing plants and cost, therefore most would look for substitution or alternative treatment. Conclusion: Even though the access to these TM in New Zealand was a challenge for the majority of the participants, they are still considered the first-line treatment for the majority. This study provided dental practitioners an insight into the different sort of TM used by the population. By understanding and acknowledging the use of TM, dental practitioners could create a supportive environment for patients to disclose their use of TM and allow them to educate patients on the use of TM.
Genome-wide Identification, Characterization and Expression profile of TALE gene family in Juglans regia L.
Authors: Guo Caihua , Niu Jianxin , Quan Shaowen , Zhang Zhongrong , Kang Chao , Liu Jinming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The three amino acid loop extension (TALE) are essential transcription factors that regulate the differentiation of meristem in the plant growth and development. there's a lot of journalism of the TALE family in plants, such as Arabidopsis, rice, and others. however, there's no report on the TALE family in walnut.
Results
In this study, the genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the TALE gene family were studied comprehensively in walnut. Based on the specific structure of the TALE domain, a total of twenty-seven walnut TALE genes (JrTALE) were identified. According to different domains structure and phylogenetic relationships, the JrTALE gene family could be divided into two subfamilies, namely BELL and KNOX. This family was relatively conservative in evolution. Exon-intron structure analysis showed that there were 3 to 6 exons, and they had a wide range of exons length. Analysis of protein conserved motifs showed that JrTALE contained similar motif structures in the same phylogenetic branch. Expression pattern analysis of the TALE family genes in walnut showed that JrTALE41 and JrTALE42 were differentially expressed in female and male flower buds. We confirmed that JrTALE4-5, JrTALE8-12, JrTALE36-37, JrTALE46-53, and JrTALE14-15 were differentially expressed between different stages of flower bud development by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).
Conclusions
Sixty-nine JrTALEs were identified in the genome-wide. the physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, promoter cis-acting elements, and protein interactions were systematically analyzed by bioinformatics methods. This study provides valuable information about the TALE family in the transitional development of walnut flower buds, which lay the foundation for further understanding of TALE family genes and in walnut.
Caregiver perceptions of child diet status: What influenced their judgement
Authors: Shao Lijing , He Qiuping , Yang Mei , Xiang Bing , Hao Liping , Yang Xuefeng , Zeng Jing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Caregiver perceptions of child diet status can influence the effect of health intervention, but research focused on the correctness of caregiver's perception is limited. This study aimed to figure out the correctness of caregiver's perception of their child's diet status and find out the factors which may influence their judgement.Methods: 815 children from grade 3rd to 6th and their caregivers were recruited from two primary schools by cluster sampling. 3-day 24-hour recall was used to record children’s diet, caregiver’s perceptions was obtained through questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the influencing factors of the correctness of caregiver’s perception.Results: Among the 597 children with “balanced” diet, 62.1% were correctly perceived as having a “healthy” diet by their caregivers; but for the 218 children with “imbalanced” diet, just 16.1% were correctly identified. Those who were correctly identified as having an unhealthy diet consumed less fruits and more snacks than those unidentified (p<0.05). Obese children were more likely to be perceived as having unhealthy diet even when they actually had a balanced diet (OR=0.305, p=0.016). Caregivers with high educational level were more likely to correctly perceive children’s healthy diet status (OR=3.628, p=0.038).Conclusions: Caregivers were generally lack of the ability to identify children's unhealthy diet. Obesity, significantly low consumption of fruits or high consumption of snacks can raise caregivers’ awareness. Extensive health education targeting caregivers is in emergency.
Assessing Technical Assistance Needs Among Recovery Residence Operators in the United States
Authors: Miles Jennifer , Bunn Terry , Kizewski Amber , Jennings Tyler , Waters Teresa , Johnson Dave , Sheridan Dave , Fletcher Ernie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Recovery support services such as recovery housing may assist individuals with increasing their access to social support, employment services, and systems of care. Lack of evidence-based practices and calls for increased oversight of these settings suggests a growing need for technical assistance and training for recovery residence owners and staff members, yet little is known about their areas of greatest technical assistance needs, and if there are differences between the needs of owners/operators of one recovery residence vs. owners/operators of multiple recovery residences. Methods: We developed and administered a survey to assess the technical assistance needs of recovery housing operators in the United States using a convenience sample of individuals who own or operate a recovery residence (N= 376). The survey was disseminated electronically via e-mail using REDCap to collect survey responses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the survey respondents, and bivariate analyses were conducted to test for differences in TA needs by the number of residences owned by the respondent (1 vs. 2+). Thematic analysis methods were used to analyze open text survey response items focusing on challenges, resources needed to overcome challenges, and community perception of recovery residences. Results: A total of 77 owners/operators completed the survey (20% response rate), representing urban, suburban, and rural communities. Almost one-half (45%) of respondents were the owner of their residence(s), and more than half (56%) of the respondents reported that their residence was certified based on a set of national best practices for recovery housing. Differences were observed between number of owned residences; owners/operators of a single residence expressed greater interest in technical assistance on house-specific policies and linkage to established systems of care, whereas owners/operators of multiple residences were more interested in technical assistance on complex topics such as building financial sustainability, and incorporation of best practices into their recovery residences. Conclusion: As an increasing number of states move to implement voluntary certification or licensing for recovery residences, targeted training and technical assistance to owners/operators will facilitate the successful adoption of recovery residence best practices and quality standards.
WITHDRAWN: The Effectiveness of the Government Subsidies on the Photovoltaic Industry--Spatial Econometric Analysis Based on China’s Provincial Panel Data（2011-2018）
Authors: Shao feng Xue , Fang shu Tian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Energy resources are important sources of social and economic development, human survival and security. However, energy resources are objective and scarce, especially the fossil energy, such as coal, oil, natural gas, etc. Human survival environment is increasingly damaged, and the condition of energy is also gradually becoming deficient, so it is necessary to develop new energy resources to meet the increasing demand of material civilization. Solar energy can meet the needs of human development in the future as a kind of clean resource and it has been concerned by all countries in the world.
Methods
We analyzed the effectiveness of subsidies to the PV industry of both the price and R&D by the spatial econometric model. Descriptive statistical analysis is used to analyze various characteristics of a set of data in order to describe the typical characteristics of the measurement sample. In addition, we used spatial global autocorrelation which was based on Moran's I index. At the same time, LISA agglomeration map was used to measure the spatial distribution of solar photovoltaic capacity.
Results
Subsidy policy for the grid benchmark is conducive to the balanced development of photovoltaic industry. The subsidy for the grid benchmark passed the significance test at the level of 1%, which showed that the spatial impact of subsidy for grid benchmark on the installed photovoltaic capacity is significant. What’s more, the government R&D subsidy plays a positive role in promoting the development of the photovoltaic industry.
Conclusions
In some region, the production capacity of photovoltaic industry has shown a significant spatial agglomeration situation in China since 2012. At the same time, benchmarking price and R&D subsidies played a positive incentive to the photovoltaic industry production capacity. It is a certain degree of inverse correlation between the scale of policy subsidies and the resource endowment of solar resources. Therefore, the countermeasures should be considered from the aspects of institutions, industry, technology and public financial policies.
Lateral lymph node dissection reduces local recurrence of locally advanced lower rectal cancer in the absence of preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Xiang , Wang Cun , Yu Yong-Yang , Yang Lie , Zhou Zong-Guang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The role of lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) in the treatment of locally advanced lower rectal cancer remains controversial. The present study was conducted to compare total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without LLND in clinical stage II/III lower rectal cancer.Methods: Studies published in PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and the ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched for studies that compared TME with or without LLND in clinical stage II/III lower rectal cancer. Subgroup analysis was performed based on whether preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) was undertaken. The hazard ratios (HR), relative risk (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) were pooled.Results: Twelve studies that included 4458 patients were identified in the current meta-analysis. Pooled data demonstrated that TME with LLND was associated with significantly longer operation time (WMD 90.73 min, P<0.001), more intraoperative blood loss (WMD 303.20 mL, P<0.001) and postoperative complications (RR=1.35, P=0.02). Urinary dysfunction (RR 1.44, P=0.38), sexual dysfunction (RR 1.41, P=0.17), and postoperative mortality (RR=1.52, P=0.70) were similar between the two groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in OS (HR 0.93, P=0.62), DFS (HR 0.99, P=0.96), total recurrence (RR 0.98, P=0.83), lateral recurrence (RR 0.49, P=0.14) or distant recurrence (RR 0.95, P=0.78) between the two groups regardless the use of nCRT. LLND significantly reduced local recurrence rate of patients who did not receive nCRT (RR 0.71, P=0.004); while the difference was not significant when nCRT was performed (RR 0.70, P=0.36).Conclusions: Our study found LLND could not significantly improve survival in locally advanced lower rectal cancer, but could reduce the local recurrence in the absence of preoperative nCRT. The advantage of controlling local recurrence might be replaced with nCRT.Registration: The protocol for this meta-analysis was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42020135575) in 16 May 2019.
Regularity of clinical visits and medication adherence of patients with hypertension or diabetes in rural Yunnan province of China
Authors: Gao Qiufeng , Peng Lanxi , Min Wenbin , Nie Jingchun , Wang Aiqin , Yi Hongmei , Shi Yaojiang , Teuwen Dirk E. , Shi Haonan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective Chronic diseases can be controlled through effective self-management. The purpose of this study is to explore the regularity of clinical visits and medication adherence of patients with hypertension or diabetes (PDH), and its association with the first experience with care and individual factors in rural Southwestern China.Methods The authors draw on a dataset which comprised of 292 PDH and 122 village clinics selected from 122 villages in 10 counties in the rural areas of Yunnan province. Data was gathered through interviews with these patients and the directors of the village clinics in January 2018. Logistic regression models were performed using STATA 15.0.Results The data shows around 31% of hypertensive and 25% of diabetic patients neither visited physicians nor took medicine regularly during the preceding three months of the interview date. We also documented PDH first experience with care and found that a proportion of them did not initially choose to seek care from health facilities. The logistic regression results indicated that individual characteristics of the PDH, including patient age, health status, and economic level, as well as their first experience with care were significantly associated with their regular healthcare behavior. Moreover, in addition to providing medical services, on average each sample village clinic with around two physicians simultaneously managed 180 hypertensive and 45 diabetic patients.Conclusions Our paper shows how current self-management trends among PDH in the sample area was unsatisfactory, threatening the effective control of hypertension and diabetes in China. Even though healthcare reforms in China have been launched since 2009, this study revealed the need for further reforms in terms of improving self-management. The authors recommend an increase in the quantity and the quality of human resources in the primary healthcare realm in rural China, which should help provide better education and supervision services for self-management.
Prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH defects in Sudanese children
Authors: Abdalla Hanna Elhassan , Abuaffan Amal Hussein , Kemoli Arthur Musakulu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Molar incisos hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8-11 years from schools in Khartoum State. After collecting their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH indexed teeth, and assessed on the MIH pattern and distribution. The data collected were analyzed to obtain descriptive statstics, and the results related to the socio-demographic and other dental-related factors of the children using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the significant level set at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. Majority of the affected teeth were permanent first molars (PFMs) (12.5%), but there was no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of hypomineralization on mandibular and maxillary molars (p=0.22). However, in the case of incisors, there was a statistical significant difference between the maxillary incisors that had higher hypomineralization rate when related to the mandibular incisors ( p=0.00). In terms of the pattern of hypomineralization, demarcated opacities were the commonest MIH defects (69.9%) in the study group.Conclusions: While the prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%, both molars and incisor teeth were frequently affected in both dental arches, and the demarcated opacity type were the most frequent form of defect found in the teeth of the participants.
Comparison of safety between self-expanding metal stents as a bridge to surgery and emergency surgery based on pathology: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Yang , Fan Jiajun , Xv Yifan , Hu Yingjie , Ding Yuan , Jiang Zhengjie , Tao Qingsong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background To explore the long-term oncological safety of using self-expanding metal stents(SEMS) as a bridge to surgery for acute obstructive colorectal cancer by comparing the pathological results of emergency surgery(ES) with elective surgery after the placement of SEMS.Methods Studies comparing SMES as a bridge to surgery with emergency surgery for acute obstructive colorectal cancer were retrieved through the databases of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries, and a meta-analysis was conducted based on the pathological results of the two treatments. Risk ratios(OR) or mean differences(MD) with 95% confidence intervals(CI) were calculated for the outcomes under random effects model.Results A total of 27 studies were included, including 3 randomized controlled studies, 2 prospective studies, and 22 retrospective studies, with a total of 3737 patients. The presence of perineural invasion(RR=0.58, 95% CI=0.48, 0.71, P<0.00001), lymphovascular invasion(RR=0.68, 95%CI=0.47,0.99, P=0.004) and vascular invasion(RR=0.66, 95%CI=0.45,0.99, P=0.04) in SEMS group were significantly higher than those in ES group, and there was no significant difference in lymphatic invasion(RR=0.92, 95%CI=0.77,1.09, P=0.33). The number of lymph nodes harvested in SEMS group was significantly higher than that in ES group(MD=-3.18, 95% CI=-4.47,-1.90, P<0.00001). While no significant difference was found in the number of positive lymph nodes(MD=-0.11, 95%CI=-0.63,0.42, P=0.69) and N stage[N0(RR=1.03, 95%CI=0.92,1.15, P=0.60), N1(RR=0.99, 95%CI=0.87,1.14, P=0.91), N2(RR=0.94, 95%CI=0.77,1.15, P=0.53)]. Conclusions: SEMS implantation in patients with acute malignant obstructive colorectal cancer may lead to an increase in adverse tumor pathological characteristics, and these characteristics are mostly related to the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. Although the adverse effect of SEMS on long-term survival has not been demonstrated, it should not be considered as the first treatment for radically resectable colorectal cancer.