bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Decomposition of Strongly Acidic Cation‐Exchange Resin to Valuable Compounds Using Subcritical Water in Alkaline Media
Authors: Rezakazemi Mashallah , Tavakoli Omid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this research, hydrothermal technology was used to decompose a strongly acidic Na+ form cation‐exchange resin, DIAION SK1B, containing a crosslinking moiety and a styrene moiety at subcritical water conditions in an alkaline media to obtain decomposed products that can be quickly separated, efficiently collected and recycled. The decomposed materials subjected to a liquid‐solid separation to obtain an aqueous phase containing a salt of a material with an alkali. Two different acids (formic acid and acetic acid) were introduced to the aqueous phase to precipitate the materials and then added to a water‐insoluble solvent to yield materials, to dissolve the precipitated materials into the solvent to obtain a solution containing the materials to be gathered. However, the experiment was performed in a tubular reactor and heated by a salt‐bath. The effects of reaction time, temperature, additives concentration as alkali catalyst and pH of the aqueous solutions on the degradation rate of sulfonated resin were investigated. It was found out that 350°C, 120 min, and 0.05 M NaOH is the optimum condition to attain complete decomposition of this resin. The maximum yield of formic acid in aqueous phase obtained from batch reactor experiments was occurred at optimum conditions. Total organic carbon (TOC) of the aqueous phase reached (38%) to its maximum value at optimum condition. More than 60% of the cation exchange resin was decomposed at optimum condition.
Potential Effect of Surface Modified Nano‐SiO2 with PDDA on the Cement Paste Early Hydration
Authors: Huang Chunlong , Wang Yiren , Zhao Jihui , Wang Dongmin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe potential application of surface modified nano‐SiO2 (NS) particles with poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) has been reported in other fields, but not in civil construction. This paper aims to assess the influence of surface modified NS with PDDA on the early‐age hydration of cement paste, where cement is replaced by 0.3%, 1% and 3% of NS particle. PDDA can be introduced onto the surface of NS via long‐distance charge pairs. Calorimetric measurements of cement pastes with 0.35 w/b (water/binder) ratio show that NS particles accelerate the cement hydration, while PDDA retards it. Moreover, the cement hydration is controlled by PDDA at lower dosage of NS/PDDA particle, which delays the exothermic peaks of cement hydration, while the cement hydration is controlled by NS particle aggregates at higher dosage of NS/PDDA particle. Based on the results above, the mechanism of the adsorption of NS/PDDA particle on cement particle surfaces is proposed.
Easily Accessible Schiff Base ESIPT Molecules with Tunable Solid State Fluorescence: Mechanofluorochromism and Highly Selective Co2+ Fluorescence Sensing
Authors: Muthukumar Pandi , Surya Muruganantham , Pannipara Mehboobali , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Moon Dohyun , Philip Anthony Savarimuthu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSchiff base molecules of 1–4 ((E)‐N′‐benzylidene‐2‐hydroxybenzohydrazide derivatives) showed structure controlled solid state fluorescence tuning, reversible stimuli induced fluorescence switching and highly selective Co2+ sensing. The strong intramolecular H‐bonding between imine and amine facilitates excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and large red shifted solid state fluorescence. Positional isomers and substitutional change tuned the solid state fluorescence (460 to 605 nm). The substituents and positions control stimuli‐induced fluorescence switching. ESIPT fluorophores showed strong fluorescence in DMF (Φf=0.057 to 0.35 compared to quinine sulphate). ESIPT fluorophores (2–4) exhibited highly selective fluorescence sensing of Co2+ ions without significant interference from other metal ions. Concentration dependent studies of fluorophores show the detection limit (LOD) of 54 nM that is much lower than the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guideline value (1.7 μM) in drinking water. Solid state fluorescence of ESIPT fluorophores have been made use to fabricate solid fluorescence assay (PVA polymer composite thin films) and demonstrated highly selective fluorescence sensing of Co2+ upon dipping into aqueous metal ions solution. Thus, the present studies demonstrate the versatility of Schiff base molecules for developing ESIPT fluorophores for stimuli responsive materials and highly selective fluorescence sensing both in solution and solid state.
Graphene Based Copper‐Nickel Bimetal Nanocomposite: Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Reducing Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Yao Dachuan , Xu Tingting , Yuan Jingjing , Tao Yingrui , He Guangyu , Chen Haiqun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGraphene based copper‐nickel bimetal nanocomposite (Cu3Ni2‐rGO) was prepared via a one‐step solvothermal procedure, in which Ni(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2 were used as precursors. Structural characterization confirms that the as‐prepared Cu3Ni2‐rGO nanocomposite is composed of Cu3Ni2 nanoparticles in the size range of 20–100 nm and the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. Benefiting from the combination of Cu3Ni2 and rGO, the Cu3Ni2‐rGO nanocomposite exhibits excellent catalytic performance on reducing highly toxic Cr(VI) at room temperature. The reduction of Cr(VI) (40 mL, 100 mg L−1) can be completed within 6 min using Cu3Ni2‐rGO nanocomposite as the catalyst, which is much more efficient than using monometallic nanocomposite containing only Cu or Ni. Moreover, Cu3Ni2‐rGO nanocomposite can be magnetically separated, which enables effective recycle. Besides, Cu3Ni2‐rGO shows good cycling stability.
A Dual‐Mode Colorimetric/Fluorescent Sensor Comprising Rhodamine B and Piperazine: Response to Acidic pH Values and Investigation of Recognition Mechanism
Authors: Wu Fang‐hui , Luo Xiang‐rui , Yang Jun‐qing , Ren Mei‐juan , Wei Xian‐wen , Yan Zhengquan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA dual‐mode “turn‐on” fluorescent‐colorimetric sensor, 1‐methyl piperazine rhodamine amide (MPRA), has been identified and developed for acidic pH detection in practice. After its structure and photophysical property were characterized and investigated in detail, it was noted to find that nonfluorescent and colorless MPRA would present rose Bengal color and emit strong saffron yellow fluorescence simultaneously with pH decreasing from 7.2 to 1.8 in PBS/acetonitrile (1 : 1, v/v). Under the optimized conditions, MPRA expressed an excellent partitioned and dual‐mode response to pH, i. e., ranging from 1.8 to 3.6 and 3.6 to 7.2 for fluorescent analysis, and 1.8 to 4.0 and 4.0 to 7.2 for colorimetric one with the acidity constant (Ka) of 1.75 obtained from Henderson‐Hasselbach equation. Importantly, the sensing was real‐time and reversible, which was successfully applied for pH detection in real fruit aqueous samples with R.S.D. less than 5.0%. The selective recognition mechanism for MPRA to H+ was confirmed to be the ring‐opened amide form mechanism by 1H NMR and theoretical calculation. MPRA will be a potential dual‐mode sensor for on‐site monitoring pH in acidic environments.
Coaxially Integrating TiO2/MoO3 into Carbon Nanofibers via Electrospinning towards Enhanced Lithium Ion Storage Performance
Authors: Xie Sanmu , Yao Tianhao , Wang Jinkai , Alsulami Hamed , Kutbi Marwan A. , Wang Hongkang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConversion‐type transition metal oxide MoO3 has attracted considerable interest as a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), but it suffers from the low electronic conductivity and the large volume changes upon lithiation/delithiation. To overcome these drawbacks, we herein report the full encapsulation of core‐shelled MoO3‐TiO2 into the carbon nanofibers (CNFs) via a facile coaxial electrospinning followed by a two‐step annealing process. TiO2 shells and MoO3 cores were coaxially integrated into the porous CNFs (denote the composite as TiO2/MoO3@CNFs). The two‐step annealing strategy (carbonization in Ar and then oxidization in air) allows the readily encapsulation of MoO3 into CNFs. When applied as anode materials for LIBs, the coaxial TiO2/MoO3@CNFs demonstrate superior lithium storage performance, delivering a high reversible capacity of 561 mAh/g after 300 cycles at 1000 mA/g with a much higher capacity retention of 70.8% than that of the MoO3@CNFs without TiO2 layers (only 42.3%). The results clearly demonstrate that the CNFs matrices and the TiO2 shells together efficiently enhance the electrode conductivity and buffer the volume changes of MoO3 upon cycling.
Wetting‐Controlled Localized Placement of Surface Functionalities within Nanopores
Authors: Ochs Maria , Mohammadi Reza , Vogel Nicolas , Andrieu‐Brunsen Annette 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the context of sensing and transport control, nanopores play an essential role. Designing multifunctional nanopores and placing multiple surface functionalities with nanoscale precision remains challenging. Interface effects together with a combination of different materials are used to obtain local multifunctionalization of nanoscale pores within a model pore system prepared by colloidal templating. Silica inverse colloidal monolayers are first functionalized with a gold layer to create a hybrid porous architecture with two distinct gold nanostructures on the top surface as well as at the pore bottom. Using orthogonal silane‐ and thiol‐based chemistry together with a control of the wetting state allows individual addressing of the different locations within each pore resulting in nanoscale localized functional placement of three different functional units. Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization is used for inner silica‐pore wall functionalization. The hydrophobized pores create a Cassie–Baxter wetting state with aqueous solutions of thiols, which enables an exclusive functionalization of the outer gold structures. In a third step, an ethanolic solution able to wet the pores is used to self‐assemble a thiol‐containing initiator at the pore bottom. Subsequent controlled radical polymerization provides functionalization of the pore bottom. It is demonstrated that the combination of orthogonal surface chemistry and controlled wetting states can be used for the localized functionalization of porous materials.
OPAL: An extensible framework for ontology‐based program analysis
Authors: Pattipati Dileep Kumar , Nasre Rupesh , Puligundla Sreenivasa Kumar 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe syntactic information of a program can be represented as resource description framework (RDF) triples called program triples. We propose an extensible static analysis framework, called OPAL—Ontology‐based Program AnaLysis. The framework enables formal representation of external knowledge, such as usage knowledge of libraries and domain knowledge. Utilizing this knowledge and the program triples, we compute the semantic information, called static trace of the program. It is generated through path‐sensitive intraprocedural traversal of the program. We approximate information in case of loops by unrolling them a fixed number of times. The main contribution of the framework is to store the static trace as RDF triples called semantic triples. They are described using the Program Analysis ontology proposed in this article. The program triples and the semantic triples are together called consolidated program triples. These triples are stored and used to accelerate the execution of client‐analyses specified by the end user. In the framework, a client‐analysis is specified by a set of conjunctive expressions that use SPARQL (W3C RDF query language) queries. The framework is effective for the client‐analyses that warrant sound and approximate information. The effectiveness is assessed first, using two source‐code‐analyses that require only the program triples, and then 10 intraprocedural path‐sensitive analyses that require the consolidated program triples. Using NPB and SPEC 2006 benchmarks, we achieve an improvement in the conciseness of analysis specifications. Also, the execution time using OPAL is competitive to LLVM's clang for individual analysis and outperforms clang over a series of analyses because of the reuse of consolidated program triples.
New trends in single-molecule bioanalytical detection
Authors: Macchia Eleonora , Manoli Kyriaki , Di Franco Cincia , Scamarcio Gaetano , Torsi Luisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSingle-molecule sensing is becoming a major driver in biomarker assays as it is foreseen to enable precision medicine to enter into everyday clinical practice. However, among the single-molecule detection methods proposed so far, only a few are fully exploitable for the ultrasensitive label-free assay of biofluids. Firstly introduced single-molecule sensing platforms encompass low-background-noise fluorescent microscopy as well as plasmonic and electrical nanotransducers; these are generally able to sense at the nanomolar concentration level or higher. Label-based single-molecule technologies relying on optical transduction and microbeads that can scavenge and detect a few biomarkers in the bulk of real biofluids, reaching ultralow detection limits, have been recently commercialized. These assays, thanks to the extremely high sensitivity and convenient handling, are new trends in the field as they are paving the way to a revolution in early diagnostics. Very recently, another new trend is the label-free, organic bioelectronic electrolyte-gated large transistors that can potentially be produced by means of large-area low-cost technologies and have been proven capable to detect a protein at the physical limit in real bovine serum. This article offers a bird’s-eye view on some of the more significant single-molecule bioanalytical technologies and highlights their sensing principles and figures-of-merit such as limit of detection, need for a labelling step, and possibility to operate, also as an array, directly in real biofluids. We also discuss the new trend towards single-molecule proof-of-principle extremely sensitive technologies that can detect a protein at the zeptomolar concentration level involving label-free devices that potentially offer low-cost production and easy scalability.
Peroneal tendon dislocation in talus fracture and diagnostic value of fleck sign
Authors: Attia Ahmed Khalil , Mahmoud Karim , Taha Tarek , AlDahamsheh Osama , ElHessy Ahmed Hany , AlObaidi Ahmad S. , Mekhaimar Mohammed M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Talus fractures are not uncommon and one of the serious fractures in the foot and ankle. Peroneal tendon dislocation is one of the commonly missed soft tissue injuries which may have significant impact on the outcomes including persistent pain and swelling. They have been reported to be associated with calcaneum as well as talus fractures.

Aim
To report the incidence of peroneal tendon dislocation in talus fracture and the significance of fleck sign in the diagnosis of peroneal tendon dislocation.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 93 consecutive talus fractures in the period between 1/1/2011 to 1/11/2018. Inclusion criteria were: The patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation, had pre-operative CT scan that is available for review and three view ankle plain radiographs. Two independent authors review the radiographs for peroneal tendon dislocation, fleck sign and fracture classification, if any. Any dispute was resolved by the senior author.Patient records were reviewed for laterality, age, sex,mode of injury, associated injuries and operative interventions. 50 ankles met the inclusion criteria. 49 were males, mean age was 32.5 year and the predominant mode of injury was a fall from height.

Results
Peroneal tendon dislocation was found in ten patients out of 50 (20%). Risk of dislocation increased with severity of the fracture and neck fractures. Most of the dislocations were missed by surgeons and radiologist, and no additional procedures were done to address such an injury. The Fleck sign had a statistically significant correlation with peroneal tendons dislocations (p=.005)

Conclusion
Peroneal tendons dislocation is associated with as high as 20% of talus fractures. The authors recommend carefully reviewing CT scans by surgeons and radiologists alike to avoid missing such injury and allow for appropriate surgical approach utilization. The Fleck sign is a highly specific radiographic sign that has a statistically significant correlation with PT dislocation and hence we recommend intra-operative assessment of peroneal tendons in patients with the fleck sign.
Krankenhausaufenthalte von Pflegeheimbewohnern in der letzten Lebensphase: eine Analyse von Krankenkassenroutinedaten
Authors: Hoffmann Falk , Allers Katharina 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im internationalen Vergleich versterben Pflegeheimbewohner in Deutschland häufig im Krankenhaus. Daten zu längeren Zeiträumen vor dem Tod und zu regionalen Unterschieden fehlen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es werden Häufigkeiten von Krankenhausaufenthalten bei Pflegeheimbewohnern in verschiedenen Perioden vor dem Tod analysiert. Zudem werden Unterschiede nach Alter, Geschlecht, Pflegestufe, Demenz und Bundesländern untersucht.

Material und Methoden
Wir verwendeten Daten einer großen Krankenkasse und schlossen Pflegeheimbewohner im Mindestalter von 65 Jahren ein, die zwischen dem 01.01.2010 und dem 31. 12.2014 verstarben. Outcome war mindestens ein Krankenhausaufenthalt nach Heimeintritt in verschiedenen Phasen des letzten Lebensjahres. Vertiefende Analysen wurden für die Zeiträume 0 (entspricht Versterben im Krankenhaus), 28 und 365 Tage vor Tod durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Von den insgesamt 67.328 verstorbenen Bewohnern (mittleres Alter: 85,3 Jahre; 69,8 % weiblich), verstarben 29,5 % im Krankenhaus. In den letzten 28 bzw. 365 Tagen vor Tod hatten 51,5 % bzw. 74,3 % mindestens einen Krankenhausaufenthalt. Diese Werte waren in ostdeutschen Bundesländern höher. In allen Zeiträumen wurden Männer häufiger hospitalisiert. Bewohner mit höherer Pflegestufe wurden seltener stationär behandelt, besonders unmittelbar vor dem Tod. Demenz hatte keinen nennenswerten Einfluss auf die Hospitalisierungshäufigkeiten.

Diskussion
Etwa die Hälfte der Pflegeheimbewohner wird im letzten Lebensmonat stationär behandelt, und ein Drittel verstirbt im Krankenhaus, was, international betrachtet, hoch ist. Dass wir keine Unterschiede bei Bewohnern mit und ohne Demenz fanden, widerspricht ebenso internationalen Befunden. Somit besteht erheblicher Handlungsbedarf, die palliative Versorgung von Pflegeheimbewohnern zu optimieren.
Adverse events of nucleos(t)ide analogues for chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review
Authors: de Fraga Raquel Scherer , Van Vaisberg Victor , Mendes Luiz Cláudio Alfaia , Carrilho Flair José , Ono Suzane Kioko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) are the main drug category used in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment. Despite the fact that NAs have a favourable safety profile, undesired adverse events (AEs) may occur during the treatment of CHB. Given the eminent number of patients currently receiving NAs, even a small risk of any of these toxicities can represent a major medical issue. The main objective of this review was to analyse information available on AEs associated with the use of NAs in published studies. We choose the following MesH terms for this systematic review: chronic hepatitis B, side effects and treatment. All articles published from 1 January 1990 up to 19 February 2018 in MEDLINE of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and LILACS databases were searched. A total of 120 articles were selected for analysis, comprising 6419 patients treated with lamivudine (LAM), 5947 with entecavir (ETV), 3566 with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), 3096 with telbivudine (LdT), 1178 with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) and 876 with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). The most common AEs in all NAs assessed were abdominal pain/discomfort, nasopharyngitis/upper respiratory tract infections, fatigue, and headache. TAF displays the highest density of AEs per patient treated among NAs (1.14 AE/treated patient). In conclusion, treatment of CHB with NAs is safe, with a low incidence of AEs. Despite the general understanding TAF being safer than TDF, the number of patients treated with TAF still is too small in comparison to other NAs to consolidate an accurate safety profile. PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42018086471
Climatic effects on water quality in areas with acid sulfate soils with commensurable consequences on the reproduction of burbot (Lota lota L.)
Authors: Toivonen Janne , Hudd Richard , Nystrand Miriam , Österholm Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDue to discharge from acid sulfate (a.s.) soils, watercourses and coastal areas in the Gulf of Bothnia are periodically heavily acidified with high concentrations of potentially toxic metals. Data on water quality from 2005 to 2014 in an embanked lake, an estuary of four rivers in western Finland, showed repeated events with acidic water (pH < 5.5) with high concentrations of Al. Size fractionation and species modeling of Al showed that a significant part of the Al occurred as highly toxic small-size fractions (dissolved < 1 kDa and colloidal 1 kDa—0.45 µm) as free ions and complexed to sulfate. The larval abundance of the burbot (Lota lotaL.) was shown to be sensitive to acidity during the wintertime spawning migration and spawning. Bearing in mind the importance of estuaries of the northern Baltic Sea as spawning and nursery areas of fish, the reoccurring failure in the reproduction of fish may cause a more serious threat for the lake and adjacent coastal fish stocks than the spectacular, but less frequent, mass kills of adult fish. This demonstrates the close relationship between climate, hydrology, water geochemistry and the aquatic coastal ecosystem in areas affected by a.s. soils. As the current forecast of climate chance indicates warmer winters with more continuous runoff, the effects can become even more prominent. This study also shows that the annual larvae abundance of burbot may be used as a bioindicator and an instrument for the fisheries for obtaining more comprehensive knowledge of the ecological effects of acidic metal discharge from a.s. soils.
Quantification of Delaminations in Semitransparent Solids Using Pulsed Thermography and Mathematical 1D Models
Authors: Bernegger R. , Altenburg S. J. , Maierhofer C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMaterial defects in fiber-reinforced polymers such as delaminations can rapidly degrade the material properties or can lead to the failure of a component. Pulse thermography (PT) has proven to be a valuable tool to identify and quantify such defects in opaque materials. However, quantification of delaminations within semitransparent materials is extremely challenging. We present an approach to quantify delaminations within materials being semitransparent within the wavelength ranges of the optical excitation sources as well as of the infrared (IR) camera. PT experimental data of a glass fiber-reinforced polymer with a real delamination within the material were reconstructed by one-dimensional (1D) mathematical models. These models describe the heat diffusion within the material and consider semitransparency to the excitation source as well to the IR camera, thermal losses at the samples surfaces and a thermal contact resistance between the two layers describing the delamination. By fitting the models to the PT data, we were able to determine the depth of the delamination very accurately. Additionally, we analyzed synthetic PT data from a 2D simulation with our 1D-models to show how the thermal contact resistance is influenced by lateral heat flow within the material.