bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wakaf POIN Telkomsel; Waqf of Digital Era in Islamic Law
Authors: Dita Anis Zafani  
Published: December 2020

Abstrak
Wakaf POIN Telkomsel merupakan program wakaf yang dilaksanakan oleh Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) bekerjasama dengan Telkomsel dimana pengguna Telkomsel dapat menukarkan POIN yang dimiliki sebanyak 50 POIN senilai Rp. 5000 untuk diwakafkan ke BWI melalui aplikasi My Telkomsel. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif diskriptif, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menggambarkan potensi penghimpunan dana wakaf menggunakan POIN Telkomsel serta menjawab bagaimana praktek wakaf menggunakan POIN Telkomsel dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Dari data-data yang digali melalui berbagai literatur baik berupa buku, kitab, jurnal dan berita resmi dari BWI dan Telkomsel, praktek wakaf POIN Telkomsel telah memenuhi syarat dan rukun wakaf, dimana Pengguna/pelanggan (customer) Telkomsel bertindak sebagai wakif, POIN Telkomsel sebagai mauqūf bih, Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) sebagai nazhir, dan sighat dilakukan dengan bantuan aplikasi My Telkomsel. Wakaf POIN Telkomsel juga sesuai dengan konsep istislāh/maslahah karena dapat meningkatkan ekonomi umat secara umum.
Kata Kunci: Wakaf, POIN Telkomsel, penghimpunan dana, maslahah, Hukum Islam.

Abstract
Telkomsel POIN Waqf is a program implemented by The Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) in collaboration with Telkomsel where Telkomsel users can exchange POIN owned by 50 POINTS worth 5000 rupiah as waqf to BWI through My Telkomsel Application. By using descriptive qualitative methods, this study aims to describe the potential of rising waqf fund using POIN Telkomsel and answers how the practice of Telkomsel POIN waqf in the Islamic law context. The data extracted through various literatures by books, journals and official news from BWI and Telkomsel. The practice of Telkomsel POIN Waqf has been fulfilled the terms and condition of waqf where the Telkomsel users/customers as wakif, Telkomsel POIN as mauqūf bih, BWI as nazhir, and the transaction (sighat) through My Telkomsel Application. Telkomsel POIN waqf is also in accordance with the concept of istislāh/maslahah because it can increase the community’s economic in general.
Keywords: Waqf, Telkomsel POIN, fundraising, maslahah, Islamic Law.
Bright Stars from the Ancient Merger Gaia-Enceladus Visible with Binoculars
Authors: Matsuno Tadafumi , Koppelman Helmer H. , Helmi Amina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present here a list of 25 bright stars (G < 8) that are possible members of Gaia-Enceladus, a system that merged with the Milky Way approximately 10 Gyr ago, and whose debris dominates the halo near the Sun. These stars were therefore born beyond the edges of the Milky Way and are visible with binoculars. We expect the list to be of interest for public outreach and amateur astronomers. These bright stars are also useful as standard stars for calibration and validation of analysis since very high-quality spectra can be obtained with reasonable amount of telescope time.
Using Mobile Phone Data Collection Tool, Surveda, for Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance in Five Low- and Middle-income Countries
Authors: Yang Song  , Phadnis Rachael , Favaloro Jennifer , Lee Juliette , Lau Charles Q. , Moreira Manuel , Marks Leenisha , Isaia Matias Garcia , Kim Jason , Lea Veronica 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Mobile Phone Survey, a component of the Bloomberg Philanthropies Data for Health Initiative, determines the prevalence of NCDs and their associated risk factors and demonstrates the use of mobile phone administered surveys to supplement periodic national household surveys. The NCD Mobile Phone Survey uses Surveda to administer the survey; Surveda is an open source, multi-modal software specifically developed for the project. The objective of the paper is to describe Surveda, review data collection methods used in participating countries and discuss how Surveda and similar approaches can improve public health surveillance.
Methods: Surveda features full-service survey design and implementation through a web application and collects data via Short Messaging Service (SMS), Interactive Voice Response (IVR) or mobile web. Surveda’s survey design process employs five steps: creating a project, creating questionnaires, designing and starting a survey, monitoring survey progress, and exporting survey results.
Results: The NCD Mobile Phone Survey has been successfully conducted in five countries, Zambia (2017), Philippines (2018), Morocco (2019), Malawi (2019), and Sri Lanka (2019), with a total of 23,682 interviews completed.
Discussion: This approach to data collection demonstrates that mobile phone surveys can supplement face-to-face data collection methods. Furthermore, Surveda offers major advantages including automated mode-switch, question randomization and comparison features.
Conclusion: Accurate and timely survey data informs a country’s abilities to make targeted policy decisions while prioritizing limited resources. The high acceptance of Surveda demonstrates that the use of mobile phones for surveillance can deliver accurate and timely data collection.
RELAÇÃO DA FREQUÊNCIA DE PROXIMIDADE E COMPORTAMENTO DE NOVILHAS LEITEIRAS CRIADAS A PASTO
Authors: De Sousa Karolini Tenffen , Deniz Matheus , Avilés Laura Arias , Franceschi Camila De Almeida , Cerino Aline Aparecida , Machado Filho Luiz Carlos Pinheiro 
Published: December 2020

A distribuição espacial dos bovinos na pastagem não ocorre de forma aleatória, sendo que a proximidade com outros animais pode refletir os laços sociais formados dentro de um rebanho. Alguns animais permanecem mais próximos de indivíduos específicos em relação ao restante rebanho, demostrando certa preferência. A frequência de proximidade entre bovinos é dita como interação positiva, pois está presente em organizações sociais complexas e auxilia na manutenção da relação estável entre os animais envolvidos. O objetivo deste estudo observacional foi descrever a frequência de proximidade entre novilhas leiteiras durante seus comportamentos diurnos. O experimento foi realizado entre os meses de outubro e dezembro de 2017, no Biotério de Bovinos da Fazenda Didático-Experimental da Ressacada (FER), pertencente a Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil. Foram observadas 19 novilhas mochas (secas e não-prenhas) mestiças (Jersey x Holandês), com aproximadamente 48 meses de idade e peso médio de 355 ± 40kg. Na FER os animais são manejados sob Pastoreio Racional Voisin, adentrando a um novo piquete (2.500m2) a cada 24h. As observações ocorreram durante 20 dias, alternando os períodos matutino (8:00–12:00) e vespertino (14:00–18:00). Os comportamentos pastando, ócio em pé, ócio deitado, ruminando em pé, ruminando deitado, outros e a proximidade foram avaliados através de instantâneos a cada 10min. Dois animais foram considerados próximos quando estavam a uma distância correspondente ao comprimento do corpo de uma vaca adulta (aproximadamente 2m) da paleta do animal focal. Independente do período (matutino e vespertino), o comportamento pastando apresentou a maior frequência (62,42%) em relação aos demais. Durante o período matutino os animais realizaram preferencialmente os comportamentos de ócio (em pé: 16,6%; deitado: 14,5%) e ruminação (em pé: 4,9%; deitado: 13,3%). As novilhas realizaram a maior frequência dos comportamentos avaliados sozinhas (69%), próximos a um indivíduo (24%) e de dois indivíduos (6,4%). Quando próxima a outra novilha (uma ou duas), o animal focal foi observado com maior frequência pastando (47,8%), seguido de ócio (28,1%), ruminando (19,4%) e realizando outros comportamentos (4,6%). O comportamento de ócio em pé do animal focal foi ocorreu com maior frequência quando próximo de outra novilha (em pé: 19,3%, deitado: 8,8%). Enquanto que para o comportamento de ruminação ocorreu o inverso, as novilhas ruminaram com maior frequência próxima de outra quando estavam deitadas (em pé: 5,7%, deitado: 13,7%). Concluímos, que a atividade de pastoreio foi realizada preferencialmente em companhia de outra novilha, sendo esta uma provável função de coesão social do grupo durante o pastoreio.
Platynosomum illiciens (TREMATODA: DICROCOELIDAE) EM SAGUI (Callithrix spp.) NO MUNICÍPIO DE SEROPÉDICA, RJ - RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Pereira de Assis Rayane Christine , Borges Debora Azevedo , Rey Matias Carlos Alexandre , Santos de Mello Julia Aline , Gomes Lopes Carlos Wilson , Campos Diefrey Ribeiro , De Avelar Barbara Rauta , Scott Fabio Barbour 
Published: December 2020

A espécie Platynosomum illiciens é um trematódeo do trato biliar, principalmente de felídeos, tendo sido relatado também em aves e outras espécies de mamíferos como em primatas não humanos. Portadores de uma ampla variação morfológica, o gênero Platynosomum é discutido por diversos autores quanto as suas características morfológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e relatar o parasitismo por P. illiciens em um primata não humano do gênero Callithrix que vivia em um Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres no município de Seropédica RJ. O diagnóstico foi através de técnicas coproparasitológicas, avaliação morfológica de espécimes adultos recuperados através de necrópsia e análise molecular. A avaliação da amostra fecal foi realizada com as técnicas coproparasitológicas centrífugo flutuação simples com solução de sacarose e sedimentação em formalina-éter. Onde, foram encontrados ovos de coloraçao marrom, ovalados, operculados e com um miracidio em seu interior. A análise morfológica dos ovos indicou as dimensões dos diâmetros maior e menor, respectivamente, como 41,24µm (32,62- 46,76) e 28,13µm (22,05-37,67), com média de 1,79µm de espessura de parede. A análise morfológica dos espécimes adultos foi feita após o animal vir a óbito naturalmente. A mensuração foi feita a partir das medidas de comprimento e largura, respectivamente, do corpo (6013-1367 µm), ventosa oral (418-409 µm), faringe (107-127 µm), acetábulo (403-418 µm), testículo direito (846-470 µm), testículo esquerdo (910-515 µm), ovário (385-281 µm) e bolsa do cirro (500-145 µm). A detecção de DNA do trematódeo foi realizada por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). As sequências obtidas foram analisadas e comparadas aos isolados disponíveis na base de dados da plataforma GenBank. A análise filogenética indicou que as sequências dos fragmentos de rDNA 18S-ITS1-5.8S amplificadas a partir do trematódeo em questão, mostraram 100% de similaridades nucleotídicas com as sequências do GenBank KU987674 e MH156567 depositadas como derivadas de P. fastosum e P. illiciens recuperadas de fígado de gatos no Vietnã e nos Estados Unidos, respectivamente, concluindo que a espécie analisada se trata do P. illiciens.
The Elusive Shift
Authors: Peterson Jon 
Published: December 2020

How the early Dungeons & Dragons community grappled with the nature of role-playing games, theorizing a new game genre.
When Dungeons & Dragons made its debut in the mid-1970s, followed shortly thereafter by other, similar tabletop games, it sparked a renaissance in game design and critical thinking about games. D&D is now popularly considered to be the first role-playing game. But in the original rules, the term “role-playing” is nowhere to be found; D&D was marketed as a wargame. In The Elusive Shift, Jon Peterson describes how players and scholars in the D&D community began to apply the term to D&D and similar games—and by doing so, established a new genre of games.
Peterson examines key essays by D&D early adopters, rescuing from obscurity many first published in now-defunct fanzines. He traces the evolution of how role-playing was theorized, as writers attempted to frame problems, define terms, and engage with prior literature. He describes the twin cultures of wargames and science fiction fandom that influence the first role-players; examines the dialogue at the core of the game; explains how game design began to accommodate role-playing; and considers the purpose of the referee or gamesmaster. By 1977, game scholars and critics began to theorize more systematically, and Peterson explores their discussions of the transformative nature of role-playing games, their responsibility to a mass audience, and other topics. Peterson finds that the foundational concepts defined in the 1970s helped theorize role-playing, laying the foundation for the genre's shift into maturity in the 1980s.
An SEIRS Epidemic Model with Immigration and Vertical Transmission
Authors: Shaikh Ruksana , Porwal Pradeep , Gupta V. K. 
Published: December 2020

The study indicates that we should improve the model by introducing the immigration rate in the model to control the spread of disease. An SEIRS epidemic model with Immigration and Vertical Transmission and analyzed the steady state and stability of the equilibrium points. The model equations were solved analytically. The stability of the both equilibrium are proved by Routh-Hurwitz criteria. We see that if the basic reproductive number R0<1 then the disease free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable and if R0<1 the endemic equilibrium will be locally asymptotically stable.
Heavy Metal (Pb, Cd, Hg and As) Content of Some Pineapples Juice Produced in Informal Market in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Datté Yolande Amoin Aké Assi , Biégo Henri Godi , Gnigniri Lisette , KoffI Kouamé Mathias , Sanogo Siaka 
Published: December 2020

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the level of micropolluants contamination (mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic) handcrafted pineapple juices, packaged in recovery bottles and sold on the outskirts of the city of Abidjan.
Study Design: Samples were collected from street vendors in four districts of Abidjan city (Marcory, Treichville, Cocody and Koumassi).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Central Food Hygiene Laboratory and Agribusiness between December 2019 and June 2020.
Methodology: 32 samples collected were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Results: It appears that traces of the few metallic micropollutters were found in pineapple juices at varying rates with sometimes exceeding the maximum values recommended for lead in 75% of the pineapple juices analyzed. Considering the municipalities, 100% of the juices collected from vendors in the commune of Cocody have arsenic concentrations exceeding the maximum regulatory values. Overall, Daily Exposure Doses (DDE) (0.024 10-4 mg/kg bw of mercury, 0.345 10-4 mg/kg bw of lead, 0.001 10-3 mg/kg pc of cadmium and 0.5 10-4 mg/kg bw of arsenic) are lower than the Previsional Tolerable Dose (PTD).
Conclusion: Therefore, can the risk be eliminated for the general population? While the concentrations of metallic micropolluants found in pineapple juices remain below the thresholds for mercury and cadmium, those of lead and arsenic are high, increasing the risk of adverse effects.
Perceived Climate Resilience and Adoption of Cocoa Agroforestry in the Forest-Savannah Transition Zone of Ghana
Authors: Hashmiu Ishmael 
Published: December 2020

Aims: Agroforestry is globally acknowledged as an essential component of climate-smart agriculture. Nevertheless, agroforestry adoption is low, and research is lacking on how farmers perceive the climate-related benefits of agroforestry and the implications of such perceptions on adoption. This paper assessed farmer perspectives on the effectiveness of agroforestry in enhancing the climate resilience of cocoa, and the extent to which such perceptions (in conjunction with socioeconomic factors) influence farmers’ decision to adopt cocoa agroforestry or otherwise.
Study Design: A cross-sectional survey design involving households practicing different cocoa landuse systems (agroforestry vs. full-sun monoculture) was used.
Methodology: Data were collected using structured questionnaire administered to 240 randomly selected cocoa-farming household heads.
Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in 12 rural communities in the Forest-Savannah Transition Zone of Ghana from March to September 2017.
Results: Findings indicated that while farmers unanimously acknowledged the effectiveness of cocoa agroforestry in enhancing resilience to excessive dry season temperatures, their perceptions in terms of resilience to drought differed, and were largely shaped by the kind of shade trees integrated. Overall, the majority of household heads perceived agroforestry to be the most beneficial strategy for enhancing the climate resilience of farmers. This perception significantly influenced households’ decision to adopt cocoa agroforestry, in conjunction with socioeconomic factors such as social network, sex of the household head, sex distribution of the household, and off-farm income.
Conclusion: Social network and farmers’ perception of the effectiveness of agroforestry in enhancing climate resilience are the key determinants of cocoa agroforestry adoption in the FSTZ of Ghana. Farmers who perceive agroforestry to be the most beneficial climate-resilient strategy in agriculture are more likely to adopt cocoa agroforestry. Social network can be used to enhance cocoa agroforestry adoption by serving as an effective communication channel for spreading information about the climate-related benefits of shade trees among farmers.
Starch storage capacity of sapwood is related to dehydration avoidance during drought
Authors: Pratt R. Brandon , Tobin Michael F. , Jacobsen Anna L. , Traugh Courtney A. , De Guzman Mark E. , Hayes Christine C. , Toschi Hayden S. , MacKinnon Evan D. , Percolla Marta I. , Clem Michael E. , Smith Paul T. 
Published: December 2020

PREMISEThe xylem tissue of plants performs three principal functions: transport of water, support of the plant body, and nutrient storage. Tradeoffs may arise because different structural requirements are associated with different functions or because suites of traits are under selection that relate to resource acquisition, use, and turnover. The structural and functional basis of xylem storage is not well established. We hypothesized that greater starch storage would be associated with greater sapwood parenchyma and reduced fibers, which would compromise resistance to xylem tensions during dehydration.METHODSWe measured cavitation resistance, minimum water potential, starch content, and sapwood parenchyma and fiber area in 30 species of southern California chaparral shrubs (evergreen and deciduous).RESULTSWe found that species storing greater starch within their xylem tended to avoid dehydration and were less cavitation resistant, and this was supported by phylogenetic independent contrasts. Greater sapwood starch was associated with greater parenchyma area and reduced fiber area. For species without living fibers, the associations with parenchyma were stronger, suggesting that living fibers may expand starch storage capacity while also contributing to the support function of the vascular tissue. Drought‐deciduous species were associated with greater dehydration avoidance than evergreens.CONCLUSIONSEvolutionary forces have led to an association between starch storage and dehydration resistance as part of an adaptive suite of traits. We found evidence for a tradeoff between tissue mechanical traits and starch storage; moreover, the evolution of novel strategies, such as starch‐storing living fibers, may mitigate the strength of this tradeoff.
Prehospital medical equipment for care of pediatric injury patients in Japanese ambulances: a nationwide survey
Authors: Toida Chiaki , Muguruma Takashi 
Published: December 2020

AimWe evaluated the status of the allocation of medical emergency equipment suitable for pediatric patients of all ages.MethodsIn 2019, we surveyed the emergency medical officers from 728 fire defense headquarters around Japan. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the kind and size of equipment available to ambulance crews for prehospital emergency care of injured pediatric patients. A complete pediatric equipment set was defined as a set containing equipment suitable for children aged 0–14 years.ResultsOverall, 599 (82%) fire defense headquarters responded to our survey. Of these, 596 (99.5%) declared that pediatric equipment was available to ambulance crews. The allocation rates of complete pediatric sets were considerably low: blood pressure cuff, 5%; nasopharyngeal airway, 1%; oropharyngeal airway, 7%; laryngoscope, 6%; supraglottic airway device, 13%; endotracheal tube, 0.2%; and bag‐valve‐mask, 23%. Moreover, none of these fire defense headquarters had complete pediatric equipment sets for all 14 devices assessed in this study.ConclusionsAlthough most Japanese ambulances can provide prehospital emergency care to pediatric patients, this survey revealed the dispersion and deficiencies in the availability of complete pediatric equipment sets.
Paraoxonase Mimic by a Nanoreactor Aggregate Containing Benzimidazolium Calix and l‐Histidine: Demonstration of the Acetylcholine Esterase Activity
Authors: Singh Amanpreet , Saini Sanjeev , Mayank  , Kaur Navneet , Singh Ajnesh , Singh Narinder , Jang Doo Ok 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn anion‐mediated preorganization approach was used to design and synthesize the benzimidazolium‐based calix compound R1⋅2 ClO4−. X‐ray crystallography analysis revealed that the hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the benzimidazolium cations and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) helped R1⋅2 ClO4− encapsulate DMF molecule(s). A nanoreactor, with R1⋅2 ClO4− and l‐histidine (l‐His) as the components, was fabricated by using a neutralization method. The nanoreactor could detoxify paraoxon in 30 min. l‐His played a vital role in this process. Paraoxonase is a well‐known enzyme used for pesticide degradation. The Ellman's reagent was used to determine the percentage inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the presence of the nanoreactor. The results indicated that the nanoreactor inhibited AChE inhibition.