bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical global plant biophysical regions as potential analysis units
Authors: Boone Randall B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRegional and global vegetation simulations can be problematic when analysis units to which parameters are assigned do not align with plant productivity and phenology. Having a suite of predefined biophysical regions at a variety of scales that correspond to differences in plant productivity and phenology would allow analysts to select a set of analysis units at the scale needed. In other cases, environmental or social responses may be hypothesized to be related to differences in plant dynamics. One may compare the discrimination in such data that biophysical regions at different scales provide to determine which best distinguishes the responses in question, such that like responses fall within the same regions to the degree possible. If those relationships are significant, the responses may then be extrapolated based on the biophysical regions. I defined hierarchical biophysical regions based on plant productivity and phenology by clustering global 0.083 degree resolution normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) over a 10 year period. Agglomerative average‐linkage distances based on squared error between clusters were conducted using an iterative sampling approach to merge more than 2 million clusters into fewer and fewer clusters based on NDVI greenness profiles comprised of 240 values over 10 years, until all cells were in a single cluster. Greater and greater differences in greenness profiles were ignored at higher levels of the hierarchy. Using a difference increment of 0.1, 253 non‐duplicative sets of clusters were created, and 107 of those were included in animations that may be used to explore differences in global plant dynamics. Differences in clusters were quantified based on comparing the focal set of cluster results with 10 other cluster sets. Analysts may use the hierarchical clusters to improve the alignment of their parameter sets that inform plant growth and other dynamics with real‐world plant dynamics.
Null models for community dynamics: Beware of the cyclic shift algorithm
Authors: Kalyuzhny Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTemporal patterns of community dynamics are drawing increasing interest due to their potential to shed light on assembly processes and anthropogenic effects. However, interpreting such patterns considerably benefits from comparing observed dynamics to the reference of a null model. For that aim, the cyclic shift permutations algorithm, which generates randomized null communities based on empirically observed time series, has recently been proposed. This algorithm, borrowed from the spatial analysis literature, shifts each species time series randomly in time, and this is claimed to preserve the temporal autocorrelation of single species. Hence it has been used to test the significance of various community patterns, in particular excessive compositional changes, biodiversity trends and community stability.InnovationHere I critically study the properties of the cyclic shift algorithm for the first time. I show that, unlike previously suggested, this algorithm does not preserve temporal autocorrelation due to the need to ‘wrap’ the time series and assign the last observations to the first years. Moreover, this algorithm scrambles the initial state of the community, making any dynamics that result from deviations from equilibrium seem excessive. I exemplify that these two issues lead to a highly elevated type I error rate in tests for excessive compositional changes and richness trends.ConclusionsCaution is needed when using the cyclic shift permutation algorithm and interpreting results obtained using it. Interpretation is further complicated because the algorithm removes all correlations between species. I suggest guidelines for using this method and discuss several possible alternative approaches. The non‐preservation of autocorrelation also raises questions regarding the use of the analogous spatial null model, the torus‐translation.
Improving patient engagement by fostering the sharing of activity tracker data with providers: a qualitative study
Authors: Shin Grace Donghee , Feng Yuanyuan , Gafinowitz Nicci , Jarrahi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundActivity trackers are becoming increasingly popular, but patients often hesitate to share the data from such devices with their health care providers. Researchers have shown that sharing everyday health data with physicians can foster greater patient engagement.ObjectivesThis research is intended to investigate activity tracker users’ decisions regarding the sharing of their activity tracker data with physicians, as well as to build a stage based framework for improving patient engagement by fostering such data sharing.MethodsQualitative analysis of interview records of 12 adults, who had used Fitbit activity tracking devices for up to two years, identifying emotions and experiences surrounding their tendencies to share physical exercise data with a physician.ResultsThis research used the subjects’ emotions and considerations regarding the decision over whether to share exercise data with physicians to create a stage based framework with three stages: cognisance, tangible evidence and supportive feedback.ConclusionThe tendency to progress towards three stages with greater patient–physician engagement appears to increase with health risk profile and with reduced data privacy concerns. This framework contributes to ongoing discussions about establishing patient–practitioner engagement, based around patients’ shared personal data collection.
Epstein–Barr virus‐associated large B‐cell lymphoma transformation in marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma: a series of four cases
Authors: Camacho Castañeda Francisca Inmaculada , Dotor Ana , Manso Rebeca , Martín Paloma , Prieto Pareja Elena , Palomo Esteban Teresa , García Vela José Antonio , Santonja Carlos , Piris Miguel A , Rodríguez Pinilla Socorro María 
Published: March 2020

AimsTo present four examples of clonally related Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated large‐cell transformation of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (of nodal, extranodal and splenic types), occurring 120, 11 and 5 months after the initial diagnosis in three instances, and concurrently in one case; and to discuss several interesting features of EBV infection.Methods and resultsSomatic mutations were detected by use of a customised panel for next‐generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction studies of IgH in both low‐grade and high‐grade components of each case. In case 1, the initial biopsy of nodal MZL showed scattered EBV‐positive cells, which might constitute an indication of EBV‐induced progression. Case 2 showed heterogeneous EBV expression, a phenomenon attributable to loss of the EBV episomes during cell division, or to a secondary superinfection or reactivation of the virus. In case 3, p53 overexpression related to gene mutation and EBV‐encoded small RNAs were identified in the same neoplastic component. In case 4, the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue‐type MZL and the high‐grade component were identified concurrently in a patient previously treated with methotrexate for an autoimmune disorder.ConclusionThese data suggest that the presence of EBV should be added to the list of potential markers to be analysed for MZL prognosis.
Yb2O3‐Gd2O3 codoped strontium zirconate composite ceramics for potential thermal barrier coating applications
Authors: Zhang Jingxin , Bai Yu , Li Enbo , Dong Hongying , Ma Wen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStrontium zirconate (SrZrO3) has been considered as a promising thermal barrier coating (TBC) material for application in gas turbine engines; however, the phase transition problem limits its application. In this study, an Yb2O3 and Gd2O3 codoped SrZrO3 system with excellent properties was reported. Yb2O3‐Gd2O3 codoped SrZrO3 ceramic powders [Sr0.8(Zr0.9Yb0.05Gd0.05)O2.75, SZYG/YGZO], [Sr(Zr0.9Yb0.05Gd0.05)O2.95, SZYG] and pure SrZrO3 (SZO) powders were produced by a conventional solid‐state reaction method. The XRD and Raman results show that, the composite SZYG/YGZO ceramics consist of the SZO and Yb0.5Zr0.5O1.75 phases with a low thermal conductivity of ~1.3 W/(m·K) at 1000°C, which is at least 40% lower than that of the SZO ceramics. The TG‐DSC results show that the SZYG/YGZO ceramics have no phase transition in the temperature range of 600 to 1400°C. The thermal expansion coefficient of the SZYG/YGZO ceramics reaches 10.9 × 10−6 K−1 (1250°C). In addition, the fracture toughness of the SZYG/YGZO ceramics increases by more than 30% compared with the SZO ceramics, and this can be attributed to the presence of the Yb0.5Zr0.5O1.75 phase.
Active chitosan–chestnut extract films used for packaging and storage of fresh pasta
Authors: Kõrge Kristi , Bajić Marijan , Likozar Blaž , Novak Uroš 
Published: March 2020

SummaryA tannins‐rich chestnut extract was used to enhance the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan‐based film materials. The favourable mechanical properties of the novel material enabled its application in the preparation of the sachets that were used for packing and storage of filled fresh pasta. The fresh pasta ageing progressed in conventional refrigerated storage conditions of 8 °C with 60 ± 2% relative humidity in the absence of light for 60 days. The rapid moisture mobility between a starchy food and sachets during the first 9 days of storage induced retrogradation of the fresh pasta, whereby total phenolic content show dependency on moisture throughout the shelf life. Active components within the sachet prevented microbial growth on the food surface during the entire 60 days.
Reticulated platelets and immature platelet fraction: Clinical applications and method limitations
Authors: Buttarello Mauro , Mezzapelle Giacomo , Freguglia Francesca , Plebani Mario 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSo‐called “reticulated” or “immature platelets,” which are newly released into the circulation, are more reactive than mature platelets, contain more RNA, and can be counted using flow cytometry after staining with thiazole orange or using some fully automated hematology analyzers, albeit with numerical disagreement. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of available technology for measuring immature or reticulated platelets (RP) with preanalytical (time stability, biological variation), analytical (methods, imprecision), and postanalytical (reference range) limitations. We also analyzed the clinical conditions in which immature/RP can be considered a diagnostic or prognostic tool (ie, differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia, recovery after bone marrow or stem cell transplantation, risk assessment in cardiovascular diseases, response to antiplatelet drugs). They might also be of clinical utility in other settings but with lower evidence. The lack of a specific reference method and universal control material, as well as dependency of results on the measurement technique used, calls for different reference intervals and compromises comparison between clinical studies carried out using different analytical methods. To obviate lack of agreement between methods, more specific RNA dyes are necessary and the impact of the platelet size on the fluorescence signal defined. In the harmonization age, also in nomenclature field, a new definition instead of “reticulated” or “immature” platelets would be useful, and “young platelets” might be a more appropriate definition taking into account both the age and the functionality of this platelet fraction.
T‐cells expressing a chimeric‐PD1‐Dap10‐CD3zeta receptor reduce tumour burden in multiple murine syngeneic models of solid cancer
Authors: Parriott Geoffrey , Deal Kelsey , Crean Shane , Richardson Elle , Nylen Emily , Barber Amorette 
Published: March 2020

SummaryAdoptive transfer of T‐cells is a promising therapy for many cancers. To enhance tumour recognition by T‐cells, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) consisting of signalling domains fused to receptors that recognize tumour‐associated antigens can be expressed in T‐cells. While CAR T‐cells have shown clinical success for treating haematopoietic malignancies, using CAR T‐cells to treat solid tumours remains a challenge. We developed a chimeric PD1 (chPD1) receptor that recognizes the ligands for the PD1 receptor that are expressed on many types of solid cancer. To determine if this novel CAR could target a wide variety of tumour types, the anti‐tumour efficacy of chPD1 T‐cells against syngeneic murine models of melanoma, renal, pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, prostate and bladder cancer was measured. Of the 14 cell lines tested, all expressed PD1 ligands on their cell surface, making them potential targets for chPD1 T‐cells. ChPD1 T‐cells lysed the tumour cells and secreted pro‐inflammatory cytokines [interferon (IFN)γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)‐2, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), IL‐17 and IL‐21], but did not secrete the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. Furthermore, T‐cells expressing chPD1 receptors reduced an established tumour burden and led to long‐term tumour‐free survival in all types of solid tumours tested. ChPD1 T‐cells did not survive longer than 14 days in vivo; however, treatment with chPD1 T‐cells induced protective host anti‐tumour memory responses in tumour‐bearing mice. Therefore, adoptive transfer of chPD1 T‐cells could be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat multiple types of solid cancer.
Structure, infrared spectra and microwave dielectric properties of the novel Eu2TiO5 ceramics
Authors: Jinjie Zheng , Yaokang Yang , Haitao Wu , Zhou Yuanyuan , Zhang Zhiliang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe microwave dielectric properties of Eu2TiO5 ceramic prepared by a conventional solid‐state method were investigated for the first time. An orthorhombic structure with Pnam space group was obtained from x‐ray diffraction. On the basis of P‐V‐L chemical bond theory and refined lattice parameters, the bond parameters of bond ionicity, lattice energy, bond energy, and coefficient of thermal expansion of Eu2TiO5 were computed. The relationship between chemical bond characteristics and microwave dielectric properties was discussed. Besides, far‐infrared reflective spectra indicated the absorption of structural phonon oscillation might be the main contribution to polarization for Eu2TiO5 ceramic. Eu2TiO5 ceramic sintered at 1300°C for 6 hours possessed excellent microwave dielectric properties of εr ~ 14.4 ± 0.2, Q × f ~ 21 000 ± 500 GHz, and τf ~ −10 ± 2 ppm/°C.
The effect of transcrestal sinus‐floor elevation without graft on the long‐term prognosis of maxillary implants
Authors: Rammelsberg Peter , Kilian Samuel , Büsch Christopher , Kappel Stefanie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of (a) transcrestal sinus‐floor elevation (TSFE) and (b) residual bone height on long‐term implant survival.Materials and MethodsChi‐squared and t tests were used for descriptive comparison of the groups. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and corresponding log‐rank tests were used to investigate implant survival over time. Multivariable Cox regressions were performed for the total population and experimental group.ResultsA total of 634 patients received 648 implants with TSFE, while 674 implants without TSFE served as controls. Thirty implant failures occurred in the experimental group and 28 in the control group. Ten‐year Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the 157 implants (24.3%) still under observation showed a probability of survival of 93.7% for the implants with TSFE and 92.9% for the 72 implants without TSFE (p = .678). The probability of 10‐year survival of all implants in the experimental group decreased to 77.4% for implants placed in residual bone heights of 1–3 mm, compared with 95.7% for implant sites with bone heights of 4–6 mm and 97.6% for bone heights of >6 mm.ConclusionsTranscrestal sinus‐floor elevation has no negative effect on the long‐term implant survival. Membrane perforation or negligible bone height, however, reduces the probability of 10‐year survival.
Alveolar bone level at deciduous molars in Flemish children: A retrospective, radiographic study
Authors: Wylleman Astrid , Van der Veken Dominique , Teughels Wim , Quirynen Marc , Laleman Isabelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this retrospective radiographic study in Flemish children was to examine the bone level and bone loss around deciduous molars and factors influencing this.Materials and methodsTwo thousand eight hundred ninety six digital intra‐oral radiographs of children younger than 18 years old were screened for eligibility. The distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest was measured, and tooth surfaces were screened for local risk factors that are presumably related to changes in the bone level. A distance >2 mm was defined as bone loss based on previous literature. All measurements were performed by two examiners.ResultsOne thousand four hundred ninety one radiographs of 796 patients (mean age 6.46 ± 2.38 years) were included. The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest ranged from 0.07 to 2.88 mm, and the mean distance was 0.93 ± 0.37 mm. This distance was positively correlated with age (p < .001). In 3.5% of patients, bone loss was diagnosed. Caries, fillings and pulp pathology were associated with bone loss and higher cementoenamel junction—alveolar bone crest distances (p < .05).ConclusionThis study found a low prevalence of alveolar bone loss in the primary dentition. Both the bone level and bone loss were strongly correlated with local factors.
Pocket elimination after osseous resective surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ferrarotti Francesco , Giraudi Marta , Citterio Filippo , Fratini Adriano , Gualini Giacomo , Piccoli Gian Marco , Mariani Giulia Maria , Romano Federica , Aimetti Mario 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo systemically review the available evidence on the clinical performance of osseous resective surgery (ORS) in the treatment of residual periodontal defects in terms of pocket elimination and biological costs in patients with chronic periodontitis.Materials and methodsThree databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane) were searched up to January 2019. Clinical trials with a follow‐up duration of at least 12 months after ORS with or without fibre retention technique were included. Quantitative synthesis was conducted with random‐effect meta‐analysis.ResultsOverall, 1,765 studies were retrieved, of which 53 full‐text articles were screened by two reviewers. Finally, a total of three RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. Random‐effect meta‐analysis showed a weighted mean percentage of pocket elimination (final PD ≤ 4 mm) at 12 months of 98.3% (95% CI: 96.8; 99.7) with I2 of 26%. The weighted mean amount of resected bone was 0.87 mm (95% CI: 0.49; 1.25), and the weighted mean increase in gingival recession was 2.13 mm (95% CI: 1.49; 2.78) at 12 months.ConclusionsORS represents an effective surgical approach for the elimination of residual periodontal pockets in the short to medium term. Additional randomized controlled clinical trials with data on pocket elimination are warranted.
Evolution of multivariate wing allometry in schizophoran flies (Diptera: Schizophora)
Authors: Rohner Patrick T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying scaling relationships as well as their evolutionary consequences remain an enigmatic issue in evolutionary biology. Here, I investigate the evolution of wing allometries in the Schizophora, a group of higher Diptera that radiated about 65 million years ago, by studying static allometries in five species using multivariate approaches. Despite the vast ecological diversity observed in contemporary members of the Schizophora and independent evolutionary histories throughout most of the Cenozoic, size‐related changes represent a major contributor to overall variation in wing shape, both within and among species. Static allometries differ between species and sexes, yet multivariate allometries are correlated across species, suggesting a shared developmental programme underlying size‐dependent phenotypic plasticity. Static allometries within species also correlate with evolutionary divergence across 33 different families (belonging to 11 of 13 superfamilies) of the Schizophora. This again points towards a general developmental, genetic or evolutionary mechanism that canalizes or maintains the covariation between shape and size in spite of rapid ecological and morphological diversification during the Cenozoic. I discuss the putative roles of developmental constraints and natural selection in the evolution of wing allometry in the Schizophora.
High Diversity of Testate Amoebae (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida) Detected by HTS Analyses in a New England Fen using Newly Designed Taxon‐specific Primers
Authors: Ruggiero Alistaire , Grattepanche Jean‐David , Weiner Agnes K. M. , Katz Laura A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTestate (shell‐building) amoebae, such as the Arcellinida (Amoebozoa), are useful bioindicators for climate change. Though past work has relied on morphological analyses to characterize Arcellinida diversity, genetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple cryptic species underlying morphospecies. Here, we design and deploy Arcellinida‐specific primers for the SSU‐rDNA gene to assess the community composition on the molecular level in a pilot study of two samplings from a New England fen: (1) 36‐cm horizontal transects and vertical cores; and (2) 26‐m horizontal transects fractioned into four size classes (2–10, 10–35, 35–100, and 100–300 μm). Analyses of these data show the following: (1) a considerable genetic diversity within Arcellinida, much of which comes from morphospecies lacking sequences on GenBank; (2) communities characterized by DNA (i.e. active + quiescent) are distinct from those characterized by RNA (i.e. active, indicator of biomass); (3) active communities on the surface tend to be more similar to one another than to core communities, despite considerable heterogeneity; and (4) analyses of communities fractioned by size find some lineages (OTUs) that are abundant in disjunct size categories, suggesting the possibility of life‐history stages. Together, these data demonstrate the potential of these primers to elucidate the diversity of Arcellinida communities in diverse habitats.