bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Virtual Reference Station Constraints for GNSS Tropospheric Tomography in Austria Region
Authors: Adavi Zohreh , Weber Robert 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. One of the most promising methods of GNSS meteorology is GNSS Tomography.
This method can be used for the determination of water vapor distribution,
which contributes to the reliability of weather forecasting and early
warning of severe weather. Therefore, GNSS Tomography is a valuable source
of information for meteorological and weather forecast. The system of
equations of this problem is mixed-determined because propagated signals do
not pass through some of the model elements within the area of interest.
Consequently, the normal matrix is close to singular without any unique
solution. To avoid singularity and achieve a unique solution, additional
sources or horizontal and/or vertical constraints are usually applied. Here, three schemes have been considered for remedying the rank deficiency of the problem. In the first scheme, minimum horizontal and vertical constraints were imposed on the system of observation equations. Then, we have defined three schemes to evaluate the impact of Virtual Reference Stations (VRS) in comparison to horizontal and vertical constraints in the sparse GNSS network. Within a network of Austrian GNSS reference stations these schemes have been analyzed and validated with available radiosonde profiles for the period DoY 245–256 in 2017. According to our results, the consistency of the estimated refractivity field with radiosonde profiles in the dense GNSS network was generally better (RMSE 2.80 ppm) than for the two other schemes in the period of interest. Moreover, in the sparse GNSS network, the average of RMSE for schemes with VRS stations and constraints equation was about 3.02 and 3.27 ppm, respectively. Hence, the obtained results illustrate that applying VRS stations in the sparse GNSS network can lead to a better solution in comparison to applying horizontal and vertical constraints.
Postacute Care Utilization in Postsurgical Orthogeriatric Hip Fracture Care
Authors: Arshi Armin , Iglesias Brenda C. , Zambrana Lester E. , Lai Wilson C. , Zeegen Erik N. , Sassoon Adam A. , Stavrakis Alexandra I. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Among surgical patients, utilization of institutional-based postacute care (PAC) presents a notable financial burden and is associated with increased risk of complications and mortality rates when compared with discharge home. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of postdischarge disposition to PAC in geriatric patients after surgical fixation of native hip fractures.

Methods:
We have done a query of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to identify geriatric (≥65 years) patients who sustained surgical femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric hip fractures in 2016. Multivariate regression was used to compute risk factors for discharge to and prolonged stay (>30 days) in PAC.

Results:
Eight thousand one hundred thirty-three geriatric hip fracture patients with sufficient follow-up data were identified. Of these, 6,670 patients (82.0%) were initially discharged to PAC after their hip fracture episode of care, and 2,986 patients (36.7%) remained in PAC for >30 days. Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.06 [1.05 to 1.08], P < 0.001), partial (OR 2.41 [1.57 to 3.71], P < 0.001) or total dependence (OR 3.03 [1.92 to 4.46], P < 0.001) for activities of daily living, dementia (OR 1.62 [1.33 to 1.96], P < 0.001), diabetes (OR 1.46 [1.14 to 1.85], P = 0.002), hypertension (OR 1.32 [1.10 to 1.58], P = 0.002), and total hospital length of stay (OR 1.04 [1.01 to 1.08], P = 0.006) were independent risk factors for discharge to PAC. Age (OR 1.05 [1.04 to 1.06], P < 0.001), partial (OR 2.86 [1.93 to 3.79], P < 0.001) or total dependence (OR 3.12 [1.45 to 4.79], P < 0.001) for activities of daily living, American Society of Anesthesiologist's classification (OR 1.27 [1.13 to 1.43], P < 0.001), dementia (OR 1.49 [1.28 to 1.74], P < 0.001), and total hospital length of stay (OR 1.10 [1.08 to 1.13], P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for prolonged PAC stay >30 days.

Discussion:
Discharge to PAC is the norm among patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Provider foreknowledge of risk factors may help improve hip fracture outcomes and decrease healthcare costs.
Snesitelná těžkost nebytí/bytí obchodního práva
Authors: Bejček Josef 
Published: November 2019

Obchodní právo bylo zbaveno v roce 2012 kodexové základny svého rozvoje, podobně jako hospodářské právo v roce 1991. O struktuře a obsahu výuky právních disciplín (a ani o členění na tzv. odvětví právní) ovšem formální právní prameny nerozhodují. Výuka moderního obchodního práva proto i dnes, po opuštění konceptu samostatného práva hospodářského, zahrnuje nejen příslušné segmenty soukromoprávní civilistiky, ale věnuje se i základům veřejnoprávních regulatorních úprav vztahujících se k obchodu a podnikání. Obchody se tradičně chápou (a i vyučují) ve dvou smyslech: v užším, stavovském (subjektivním), jako právem regulovaný styk příslušníků stavu obchodnického, tedy těch, kterým právo přiznává status obchodníka (podnikatele). Druhé (objektivní) pojetí zdůrazňuje tzv. obchody, jakožto typické akty oběhu statků, k nimž dochází bez ohledu na osobní podnikatelský či nepodnikatelský status účastníků. Dílčí překrývání a doplňování s právem občanským zejména v oblasti sjednoceného práva závazkového je přínosem. Obecnějším požadavkům na nároky studia však ne vždy odpovídají některé kontroverzní okolnosti v článku vlídně kritizované.
Contemporary Renal Tumor Categorization With Biomarker and Translational Updates: A Practical Review
Authors: Taylor Alexander S. , Spratt Daniel E. , Dhanasekaran Saravana M. , Mehra Rohit 
Published: November 2019

Context.—
Renal tumor classification has evolved in recent decades, as evidenced by the comparable complexity of the 2016 revision to the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. A recent expansion of the knowledge base surrounding the cells of origin and evolutionary genomic characteristics of renal tumors has led to molecular characterization of novel entities and enriched understanding of established entities. This pace of research and its implementation into clinical practice has again begun to surpass that of our own classification schemata, with significant discoveries having been made since the introduction of the 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification. In particular, biomarkers for renal tumor diagnosis and prognosis are in translation for future clinical application.

Objectives.—
To provide a brief framework for clinical characterization of renal tumors rooted in morphologic assessment, to briefly review the current and future status of renal tumor biomarkers with an emphasis on practical use of these ancillary tools for accurate diagnosis, and to discuss the impact of emerging technologies and clinical trials relevant to renal cell carcinoma classification and biomarker development.

Data Sources.—
We review recent literature relevant to renal tumor classification (including established and proposed entities), focusing on molecular characterization and biomarker assessment.

Conclusions.—
Accurate renal tumor diagnosis requires an up-to-date understanding of renal tumor classification, including an awareness of morphologic clues that should stimulate consideration of molecularly defined entities, as well as the ancillary biomarker testing required to confirm diagnoses.
Management of Isolated Post Traumatic Radial Head Dislocation in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Benzarti S. , A. Triki M. , Kaziz H. , Mouelhi T. , L. Ben Ayeche M. , Naouar N. 
Published: November 2019

Post-traumatic dislocation of the radial head is a rare injury, generally described in the case of the Monteggia fracture associating a fracture of the ulnar diaphysis and a dislocation of the radial head.
We report an exceptional case of an isolated post-traumatic dislocation in a 6-year-old child, who presented to our emergency department following a fall from a bike with a reception on the outstretched left arm.
Clinical examination showed a swollen left elbow painful to palpation with a limited and painful range of motion of the elbow especially pronation-supination. Plain radiographs of the left elbow and forearm showed an isolated anterior dislocation of the radial head.
Reduction was carefully performed followed by an above-the-elbow cast for 4 weeks with good functional and radiological outcome. Through this case report we insist on a systematic careful interpretation of plain radiographs of the elbow in children. With these precautions, diagnosis is not overlooked and an early management is initiated when the closed reduction is still possible.
Trend in Childhood Mortality in a Private Pediatric Hospital of Kisangani: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Mande B. G. , Muyobela K. V. , Mopepe N. J. , Maturu E. , Tebandite K. E. , Falay S. D. , Batoko L. B. , Alworonga O. J. , Ngbonda D. N. 
Published: November 2019

Aims: To determine patterns of childhood mortality and its trends over a 4 years’ period in a private pediatric hospital.
Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study conducted in the Nouveau Village de Pédiatrie (NVDP), in Kisangani town, Democratic Republic of Congo, between June 2014 and June 2018.
Methodology: Socio-demographic, clinical and biological data of children of 0-16 years were retrospectively recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse patterns of childhood mortality and its trends during the four years’ period.
Results: From June 2014 to June 2018, 3789 children of 0 to 16 years were hospitalised in the Nouveau Village de Pédiatrie. The global mortality was 16.1% in 2014 and 2.4% in 2018. Mortality within 24 hours of admission was 58%. Neonatal mortality decreased from 22.4% in 2014 to 7.4% in 2018. The leading diagnosis was neonatal causes: sepsis, prematurity, neonatal asphyxia, severe, congenital abnormalities. Most of older children died from severe pneumonia, meningitis, severe anaemia and severe malaria. Severe pneumonia was the most frequent and common cause of children death in all ages.
Conclusion: Microbiological data, point of care exams, high quality antimicrobials and antibiotic stewardship in antimicrobial prescribing had a great impact in the significant reduction of childhood mortality in the Nouveau Village de Pédiatrie. Efforts must be focused on the reduction of neonatal mortality.
Comparison of Caudal Block vs. Penile Block in Terms of Surgical Incision Response for Circumcision and Postoperative Analgesia Requirements
Authors: Bajwa Mohammad Asim , Rahman Aziz-Ur- , Majeed Amir , Azeem Muhammad Imran 
Published: November 2019

Circumcision is a frequently performed surgery in children worldwide. For circumcision, penile and caudal epidural blocks are commonly used. Nerve blocks not only decrease the systemic analgesia requirements intra-operatively but also increase the length of pain relief postoperatively. The aim of the present study was to compare the surgical incision response in circumcision, in children with a caudal block and penile block. We also compared the systemic analgesic requirements postoperatively in both groups.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in pediatric patients. Total of 30 samples (n = 30) was taken and divided into two groups of 15 each. The group A received caudal block and group B received penile block. The blocks were performed after general anesthesia. We tried our best to eliminate all the factors which can lead to tachycardia (such as hypoxia, light plane of anesthesia, hyperthermia and hypothermia, hypercarbia, hypovolemia etc). The patients were keenly observed for change in heart rate on incision, the heart rates were recorded before and at incision (surgical incision response) in both groups. The postoperative consumption of the pain killers were also noted in both the groups.
Results: We observed that the patients in group A with caudal block did not show any significant surgical response, whereas in group B patients with penile block showed increased heart rate at the incision. There was no complain of pain in group A in the recovery period. Whereas complains of pain were recorded in most of the children in group B, hence pain killers were given to the patients in this group.
Conclusion: Our data proved that the caudal block was better than the penile block in terms of pain relief.
Waardenburg Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Sadiq Sara , Langah Azizullah , Siyal Ali Akbar , Ain Ali Noor Ul 
Published: November 2019

Waardenburg syndrome is an uncommon autosomal dominant or recessive disorder, distinguished by hypopigmentation of either skin or hairs or both, segmental, partial or complete heterochromia iridis or isohypochromia, hypertrichosis of eyebrow, synophrys, dystopia canthorum, broad and high nasal root and congenital deafness. The diagnostic criteria consist of major and minor criteria; major includes congenital sensorineural hearing loss, pigmentary abnormality in iris, segmental, partial or complete heterochromia iridis, isohypochromia, fore hair’s achromia, dystopia canthorum and affected first degree relative while minor criteria include congenital leukoderma, synophrys, broad and high nasal root, hypoplasia of nasal alae and premature graying of hair.
Herein we report a case of two days old baby boy having uncommon pigmentation of hair and iris beside dystopia canthorum. He was diagnosed as a case of Waardenburg Syndrome type1 (WS1).
In-Office Suprachoroidal Viscopexy for Acute Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Muni Rajeev H. , Melo Isabela Martins , Demian Sueellen , Minelli Tomas , Batawi Hatim , Park John , Pecaku Aurora 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceIn-office suprachoroidal viscopexy (SCVEXY) is a relatively new procedure for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), but minimal information is available regarding outcomes and safety.ObjectiveTo report outcomes with in-office SCVEXY for primary acute RRD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective case series was conducted at St Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada from June 2023 to February 2024 among consecutive patients with primary acute RRDs who presented with retinal tears that were reachable with the current in-office SCVEXY technique in the temporal or nasal retina.ExposureSuprachoroidal injection of 0.6 mL of sodium hyaluronate, 2.3%, at the break location using a 30-gauge needle with a custom-made guard leaving 1 mm of the needle exposed. Laser retinopexy was applied around the break once reattachment was achieved.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was primary anatomic reattachment rate with SCVEXY and recovery of function and anatomic integrity.ResultsAmong 6 patients, 2 patients (33.3%) were female, and mean (SD) patient age was 52.5 (19.7) years. The final follow-up duration for each patient was 510, 420, 360, 360, 330, and 320 days, respectively. Baseline VAs were hand motions, counting fingers, 20/100, 20/100, 20/25, and hand motions for patients 1 through 6, respectively. A dome-shaped suprachoroidal buckle was present in all cases after the procedure. Five of 6 patients (83.3%) achieved anatomic reattachment with no retinal displacement or outer retinal folds, and these patients could resume normal activity immediately after the procedure with no restrictions. The mean (SD) logMAR VA at 3 months was +0.46 (0.34) (Snellen 20/57). The viscoelastic persisted in the suprachoroidal space as confirmed by multimodal imaging for 10, 14, 21, 13, 24, and 14 days, respectively, and the retina remained attached during the entire postoperative follow-up period. One patient’s SCVEXY failed due to inadequate viscoelastic at the posterior edge of the retinal break, and this patient underwent a successful pneumatic retinopexy. One patient developed a localized choroidal effusion unrelated to the SCVEXY site following laser retinopexy that resolved in 1 week associated with topical prednisolone, 1%, 4 times daily and cyclopentolate, 1%, twice daily.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case series, the outcomes of these 6 cases suggest that SCVEXY may offer durable retinal reattachment in RRD. However, randomized clinical trial data, larger sample sizes, and longer-term follow-up are necessary to assess the risk-benefit profile of SCVEXY compared with the standard of care.
Chebyshev Filters
Authors: de Queiroz Antônio Carlos M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the filter approximation theory, a fundamental subject in signal processing, Chebyshev filters are polynomial approximations characterized by uniform ripple in the passband attenuation and monotonically increasing stopband attenuation. A variation are the inverse Chebyshev filters, characterized by maximally flat passband attenuation and uniform ripple in the stopband attenuation. The article shows the characteristics of these approximations, the derivation of the poles and zeros of their transfer functions in Laplace transform, and presents explicit formulas for the element values of direct Chebyshev low‐pass LC ladder filters. Useful variations of the approximations are also discussed.
Multipliers
Authors: H. Tran Hung , G. Thomas Douglas , R. Branner George , B. Kumar Preetham , Yuk Kelvin S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This section presents the design techniques for single‐ended frequency multiplier designs. These techniques incorporate reflector networks providing excellent performance characteristics, which include effective conversion gain and harmonic suppression as demonstrated by the results. These results show the improvement in conversion gain using reflector networks with proper phase angles on the input and output networks simultaneously, which are useful for narrow‐ and wideband applications. Because of bandwidth constraints imposed by the use of single stubs, incorporating filters into the designs achieves bandwidth extension and improves harmonic suppression. This improvement in bandwidth and harmonic suppression, however, comes at the expense of conversion gain, as shown by the wideband designs. Another advantage of these designs is that they are single ended, thus alleviating the requirement for complex baluns or transformers.
Ring Resonators and Circuits
Authors: Hsieh Lung‐Hwa , Chang Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Because of their advantages of low cost and easy fabrication, ring resonators are used in many applications such as filters, oscillators, mixers, baluns, hybrids, magic Ts, couplers, and antennas. In addition, they have been successfully used to measure the phase velocity and dispersion of a microstrip line. This chapter explains the basic field and circuit model analyses that can be used to investigate the characteristics of a ring resonator. On the basis of these analyses, ring resonators can be implemented and designed for different devices. The simple structure and high performance of a ring circuit fulfill the highly desired requirements of many modern wireless systems and other applications.
Inhibiting Ion Migration and Oxidation in Sn–Pb Perovskite by Multidentate Chelating Additive Strategy
Authors: Ma Tianjun , Zhao Xinzhao , Yang Xuke , Yan Jun , Luo Dingfu , Li Mingyu , Li Xiong , Chen Chao , Song Haisheng , Tang Jiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCurrently, all‐perovskite tandem solar cells have achieved power conversion efficiencies exceeding 29%. The further improvement is limited by mixed Sn–Pb narrow‐bandgap perovskite subcells. The facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ poses an inherent challenge that limits the efficiency and stability of Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells. In this study, a multi‐dentate chelating additive, 3‐amino‐2‐chloroisonicotinamide (ACPC), is developed. Its amino group could anchor I− of the perovskite lattice by hydrogen bonds, thereby preventing I− migration and oxidation. On the other hand, the carbonyl group of ACPC as a Lewis base group could coordinate with Sn2+, effectively protecting Sn2+ from oxidation. Ultimately, the multi‐dentate chelating effect of ACPC helps to suppress the oxidation of Sn–Pb perovskite and its related nonradiative recombination. The resulting Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells obtain a top power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.09% and a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.902 V while the control values only reach 19.11% and 0.825 V. As a result of the improved performance of the Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells, the corresponding all‐perovskite tandem solar cells achieve a PCE of 27.60%, retaining 85.7% of initial PCE after 500 h continuous 1 sun illumination.
The Cubic B20 Chiral Magnet FeGe
Authors: Wang Kang , Wei Wensen , Du Haifeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe cubic B20 chiral magnet FeGe has garnered significant attention for its exceptional capacity to host topological skyrmions. These skyrmions are not only compact, with dimensions ≈80 nm, but also display exceptional stability near room temperature. Moreover, high‐quality cubic FeGe single crystals and nanostructures are successfully fabricated. These characteristics make cubic FeGe an intriguing material for the investigation of topological magnetism and its potential applications in spintronics. Recognizing the critical role that cubic FeGe plays in the field of magnetism, this review delves into the material, emphasizing the synthesis methods for FeGe single crystals and nanostructures, as well as the distinctive features of the topological magnetic structures they support. This study particularly highlight the progress in controlling the magnetic structures for device applications. The electric controllability of topological skyrmions in FeGe nanostructures is discussed as a pivotal step toward the development and application of skyrmionic devices.
Upscaling Preparation of Poly(Biphenyl‐Trifluoroacetophenone) Hollow Fiber Loose Membranes for High‐Efficiency Dye/Salt Separation
Authors: Li Chong , Luo Yicheng , Liu Ning , Zhu Aimei , Liu Qinglin , Lin Zhen , Zhang Qiugen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith increasing water scarcity, high‐salt wastewater recovery is gaining more attention. To this end, high efficiency hollow‐fiber‐type loose nanofiltration (HF‐LNF) membranes have recently emerged. However, most conventional polymeric membranes are limited to the laboratory stage due to material‐specific complexities and low permeance. Herein, a straightforward synthesis strategy is presented for the lab‐scale kilogram production of poly(biphenyl‐trifluoroacetophenone) (PBT) polymer and a one‐step spinning process for the pilot‐scale (650 m length) PBT HF‐LNF membranes. Due to the slight hydrophobicity and high molecular weight of linear PBT polymer, as well as the addition of hydrophilic additives, the thermodynamic stability becomes lower, resulting in the formation of uniform 1 nm micropores. These micropores induce selective rejections for dye (>99.9%) and salt (<5%), thereby enabling effective dye/salt deep separation. The permeance is also enhanced greatly (97.3 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), approximately five times higher than most reported HF‐LNF membranes and commercial nanofiltration membranes. This upscaling strategy bridges lab research and industrial production, potentially advancing HF‐LNF technology.