bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An non-loglinear enzyme-driven law of photosynthetic scaling in two representative crop seedlings under different water conditions
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , He Lingchao , Xu Kang , Hu Hanjian , Khan Alamgir , Lin Maozi , Li Yan , Liu Shun , Wang Genxuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe loglinear pattern of respiratory scaling has been studied for over a century, while an increasing number of non-loglinear patterns have been found in the plant kingdom. Several previous studies had attempted to reconcile conflicting patterns from the aspects of statistical approaches and developmental stages of the organisms. However, the underlying enzymatic mechanism was largely ignored. Here, we propose an enzyme-driven law of photosynthetic scaling and test it in typical crop seedlings under different water conditions. The results showed that the key enzyme activity, the relative photosynthetic assimilation and the relative growth rate were all constrained by the available water, and the relationship between these biological traits and the available water supported our predictions. The enzyme-driven law appears to be more suitable to explain the curvature of photosynthetic scaling than the well-established power law, since it provides insight into the biochemical origin of photosynthetic assimilation.
The effects of temperature on the biophysical properties of optic nerve F-fibres
Authors: Austerschmidt Lavinia J. , Khan Azab , Plant Dafydd O. , Richards Ella M. B. , Knott Sophie , Baker Mark D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn multiple sclerosis, exacerbation of symptoms with rising body temperature is associated with impulse conduction failure. The mechanism is not fully understood. Remarkably, normal optic nerve axons also show temperature dependent effects, with a fall in excitability with warming. Here we show two properties of optic nerve axons, accommodation and inward rectification (Ih), respond to temperature changes in a manner consistent with a temperature dependent membrane potential. As we could find no evidence for the functional expression of KV7.2 in the axons, using the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium ions, we suggest this may explain the membrane potential lability. In order to understand how the axonal membrane potential may show temperature dependence, we have developed a hypothesis involving the electroneutral movement of Na+ ions across the axon membrane, that increases with increasing temperature with an appropriate Q10. Part, but probably not all, of the electroneutral Na+ movement is eliminated by removing extracellular Cl− or exposure to bumetanide, consistent with the involvement of the transporter NKCC1. Numerical simulation suggests a change in membrane potential of − 15–20 mV mimics altering temperature between room and physiological in the largest axons.
Risk factors and associated outcomes of ventilator-associated events developed in 28 days among sepsis patients admitted to intensive care unit
Authors: Fang Wen-Feng , Fang Ying-Tang , Huang Chi-Han , Chen Yu-Mu , Chang Ya-Chun , Lin Chiung-Yu , Hung Kai-Yin , Chang Ya-Ting , Chen Hung-Cheng , Huang Kuo-Tung , Chang Huang-Chih , Chen Yun-Che , Wang Yi-Hsi , Wang Chin-Chou , Lin Meng-Chih 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe hypothesized that Ventilator-Associated Event (VAE) within 28 days upon admission to medical intensive care units (ICUs) can be a predictor for poor outcomes in sepsis patients. We aimed to determine the risk factors and associated outcomes of VAE. A total of 453 consecutive mechanically ventilated (MV) sepsis patients were enrolled. Of them, 136 patients had immune profile study. Early VAE (< 7-day MV, n = 33) was associated with a higher mortality (90 days: 81.8% vs. 23.0% [non-VAE], P < 0.01), while late VAE (developed between 7 and 28 days, n = 85) was associated with longer MV day (43.8 days vs. 23.3 days [non-VAE], P < 0.05). The 90-day Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed three lines that separate the groups (non-VAE, early VAE, and late VAE). Cox regression models with time-varying coefficient covariates (adjusted for the number of days from intubation to VAE development) confirmed that VAE which occurred within 28 days upon admission to the medical ICUs can be associated with higher 90-day mortality. The risk factors for VAE development include impaired immune response (lower human leukocyte antigen D-related expression, higher interleukin-10 expression) and sepsis progression with elevated SOFA score (especially in coagulation sub-score).
Plasma concentrations of eleven cannabinoids in cattle following oral administration of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa)
Authors: Kleinhenz Michael D. , Magnin Geraldine , Lin Zhoumeng , Griffin Jason , Kleinhenz Katie E. , Montgomery Shawnee , Curtis Andrew , Martin Miriam , Coetzee Johann F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCannabinoid production for medicinal purposes has renewed interest in utilizing byproducts of industrial hemp (IH) as a feed source for livestock. However, the presence of bioactive residues in animal tissues may pose a risk to consumers. The purpose of this study was to characterize the plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) of cannabinoids and their metabolites in cattle after a single oral exposure to IH. Eight castrated male Holstein calves received a single oral dose of 35 g of IH to achieve a target dose of 5.4 mg/kg cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Blood samples were collected for 96 h after dosing. Plasma cannabinoid concentrations were profiled using liquid chromatography coupled with mass-spectroscopy (UPLC) and PK parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods. The cannabinoids CBDA, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A (THCA-A), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), and cannabichromenic acid (CBCA) were detected in all cattle after IH dosing. The geometric mean maximum concentration of CBDA of 72.7 ng/mL was observed at 14 h after administration. The geometric mean half-life of CBDA was 14.1 h. No changes in serum biochemistry analysis were observed following IH dosing compared to baseline values. These results show acidic cannabinoids, especially CBDA, are readily absorbed from the rumen and available for distribution throughout the body.
There is a U shaped association between non high density lipoprotein cholesterol with overall and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease stage 3–5
Authors: Chiu Hsuan , Wu Pei-Yu , Huang Jiun-Chi , Tu Hung-Pin , Lin Ming-Yen , Chen Szu-Chia , Chang Jer-Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDyslipidemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), however the relationship between dyslipidemia and mortality in patients with moderate to severe CKD remains controversial. Non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been reported to be a more accurate predictor of clinical outcomes than conventional lipid measurements. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate associations between non-HDL cholesterol and the risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD stage 3–5. We enrolled 429 pre-dialysis patients with stage 3 to 5 CKD from May 2006 to January 2010. The patients were divided into four groups according to quartiles of non-HDL cholesterol. The patients were followed until death or until January 2020. During a median 11.6 years of follow-up, there were 78 (18.2%) deaths overall and 32 (7.5%) cardiovascular deaths. In adjusted models, the patients in quartile 1 (hazard ratio [HR] 3.368; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.388–8.176; p = 0.007), quartile 3 (HR 3.666; 95% CI 1.486–9.044; p = 0.005), and quartile 4 (HR 2.868; 95% CI 1.136–7.240; p = 0.026) of non-HDL cholesterol had a higher risk of overall mortality (vs. quartile 2). In addition, the patients in quartile 1 (HR 19.503; 95% CI 2.185–174.0925 p = 0.008), quartile 3 (HR 28.702; 95% CI 2.990–275.559; p = 0.004), and quartile 4 (HR 11.136; 95% CI 1.126–110.108; p = 0.039) had a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (vs. quartile 2). Our study showed a U-shaped relationship between non-HDL cholesterol and the risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD stage 3–5. Assessing non-HDL cholesterol may help to identify subjects at high-risk of adverse outcomes.
Structural effects of the highly protective V127 polymorphism on human prion protein
Authors: Hosszu Laszlo L. P. , Conners Rebecca , Sangar Daljit , Batchelor Mark , Sawyer Elizabeth B. , Fisher Stuart , Cliff Matthew J. , Hounslow Andrea M. , McAuley Katherine , Leo Brady R. , Jackson Graham S. , Bieschke Jan , Waltho Jonathan P. , Collinge John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrion diseases, a group of incurable, lethal neurodegenerative disorders of mammals including humans, are caused by prions, assemblies of misfolded host prion protein (PrP). A single point mutation (G127V) in human PrP prevents prion disease, however the structural basis for its protective effect remains unknown. Here we show that the mutation alters and constrains the PrP backbone conformation preceding the PrP β-sheet, stabilising PrP dimer interactions by increasing intermolecular hydrogen bonding. It also markedly changes the solution dynamics of the β2-α2 loop, a region of PrP structure implicated in prion transmission and cross-species susceptibility. Both of these structural changes may affect access to protein conformers susceptible to prion formation and explain its profound effect on prion disease.
Contingent evolution of alternative metabolic network topologies determines whether cross-feeding evolves
Authors: Meijer Jeroen , van Dijk Bram , Hogeweg Paulien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetabolic exchange is widespread in natural microbial communities and an important driver of ecosystem structure and diversity, yet it remains unclear what determines whether microbes evolve division of labor or maintain metabolic autonomy. Here we use a mechanistic model to study how metabolic strategies evolve in a constant, one resource environment, when metabolic networks are allowed to freely evolve. We find that initially identical ancestral communities of digital organisms follow different evolutionary trajectories, as some communities become dominated by a single, autonomous lineage, while others are formed by stably coexisting lineages that cross-feed on essential building blocks. Our results show how without presupposed cellular trade-offs or external drivers such as temporal niches, diverse metabolic strategies spontaneously emerge from the interplay between ecology, spatial structure, and metabolic constraints that arise during the evolution of metabolic networks. Thus, in the long term, whether microbes remain autonomous or evolve metabolic division of labour is an evolutionary contingency.
Modulation in structural and electronic properties of 2D Ga2O3 by chemical passivation
Authors: Dong Linpeng , Zhou Shun , Gong Lei , Wang Wei , Zhang Lichun , Yang Chuanlu , Yu Jianhui , Liu Weiguo 
Published: July 2020

The dangling bonds on the surfaces of 2D Ga2O3 can be effectively passivated by hydrofluorination, making 2D Ga2O3 with ultra-high carrier mobility and bipolar transport property.
Blood routine test in mild and common 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) patients
Authors: Djakpo Dodji Kossi , Wang Zhiquan , Zhang Rong , Chen Xin , Chen Peng , Antoine Malyn Martha Lilac Ketisha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The new 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), according to the World Health Organization (WHO), has been characterized as a pandemic. As more is being discovered about this virus, we aim to report findings of the complete blood count (CBC) of COVID-19 patients. This would serve in providing physicians with important knowledge on the changes that can be expected from the CBC of mild and normal COVID-19 patients. A total of 208 mild and common patients were admitted at the Dongnan Hospital located in the city of Xiaogan, Hubei, China. The CBCs of these patients, following a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, were retrospectively analyzed and a significant P&lt;0.05 was found after a full statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS). CBC analysis revealed changes in the levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Clinicians should expect similar findings when dealing with the new COVID-19.
Structural insight into FANCI–FANCD2 monoubiquitination
Authors: Li Landing , Tan Winnie , Deans Andrew J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway coordinates a faithful repair mechanism for DNA damage that blocks DNA replication, such as interstrand cross-links. A key step in the FA pathway is the conjugation of ubiquitin on to FANCD2 and FANCI, which is facilitated by a large E3 ubiquitin ligase complex called the FA core complex. Mutations in FANCD2, FANCI or FA core complex components cause the FA bone marrow failure syndrome. Despite the importance of these proteins to DNA repair and human disease, our molecular understanding of the FA pathway has been limited due to a deficit in structural studies. With the recent development in cryo-electron microscopy (EM), significant advances have been made in structural characterization of these proteins in the last 6 months. These structures, combined with new biochemical studies, now provide a more detailed understanding of how FANCD2 and FANCI are monoubiquitinated and how DNA repair may occur. In this review, we summarize these recent advances in the structural and molecular understanding of these key components in the FA pathway, compare the activation steps of FANCD2 and FANCI monoubiquitination and suggest molecular steps that are likely to be involved in regulating its activity.
Effects of Monaural Asymmetry and Target–Masker Similarity on Binaural Advantage in Children and Adults With Normal Hearing
Authors: Liu Ji-Sheng , Yu Ya-Feng , Tao Duo-Duo , Li Yi , Ye Fei , Galvin John J. , Gopen Quinton , Fu Qian-Jie 
Published: July 2020

PurposeFor colocated targets and maskers, binaural listening typically offers a small but significant advantage over monaural listening. This study investigated how monaural asymmetry and target–masker similarity may limit binaural advantage in adults and children.MethodTen Mandarin-speaking Chinese adults (aged 22–27 years) and 12 children (aged 7–14 years) with normal hearing participated in the study. Monaural and binaural speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) were adaptively measured for colocated competing speech. The target–masker sex was the same or different. Performance was measured using headphones for three listening conditions: left ear, right ear, and both ears. Binaural advantage was calculated relative to the poorer or better ear.ResultsMean SRTs were significantly lower for adults than children. When the target–masker sex was the same, SRTs were significantly lower with the better ear than with the poorer ear or both ears (p< .05). When the target–masker sex was different, SRTs were significantly lower with the better ear or both ears than with the poorer ear (p< .05). Children and adults similarly benefitted from target–masker sex differences. Substantial monaural asymmetry was observed, but the effects of asymmetry on binaural advantage were similar between adults and children. Monaural asymmetry was significantly correlated with binaural advantage relative to the poorer ear (p= .004), but not to the better ear (p= .056).ConclusionsBinaural listening may offer little advantage (or even a disadvantage) over monaural listening with the better ear, especially when competing talkers have similar vocal characteristics. Monaural asymmetry appears to limit binaural advantage in listeners with normal hearing, similar to observations in listeners with hearing impairment. While language development may limit perception of competing speech, it does not appear to limit the effects of monaural asymmetry or target–masker sex on binaural advantage.
Do Children With Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) Have Difficulties With Interference Control, Visuospatial Working Memory, and Selective Attention? Developmental Patterns and the Role of Severity and Persistence of DLD
Authors: Blom Elma , Boerma Tessel 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Many children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have weaknesses in executive functioning (EF), specifically in tasks testing interference control and working memory. It is unknown how EF develops in children with DLD, if EF abilities are related to DLD severity and persistence, and if EF weaknesses expand to selective attention. This study aimed to address these gaps.

Method
Data from 78 children with DLD and 39 typically developing (TD) children were collected at three times with 1-year intervals. At Time 1, the children were 5 or 6 years old. Flanker, Dot Matrix, and Sky Search tasks tested interference control, visuospatial working memory, and selective attention, respectively. DLD severity was based on children's language ability. DLD persistence was based on stability of the DLD diagnosis.

Results
Performance on all tasks improved in both groups. TD children outperformed children with DLD on interference control. No differences were found for visuospatial working memory and selective attention. An interference control gap between the DLD and TD groups emerged between Time 1 and Time 2. Severity and persistence of DLD were related to interference control and working memory; the impact on working memory was stronger. Selective attention was unrelated to DLD severity and persistence.

Conclusions
Age and DLD severity and persistence determine whether or not children with DLD show EF weaknesses. Interference control is most clearly impaired in children with DLD who are 6 years and older. Visuospatial working memory is impaired in children with severe and persistent DLD. Selective attention is spared.
Regularisierte regressionsanalytische Verfahren für hochdimensionale Daten: ein neuer Ansatz in der Krankheitskostenrechnung des Statistischen Bundesamts zu ärztlichen Leistungen und Arzneiverordnungen﻿
Authors: Heuer J. , Rosenbusch M.-L. , Steiger E. , Erhart M. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung Im Rahmen seiner Krankheitskostenrechnung hat das Statistische Bundesamt (Destatis) vom Zentralinstitut für die kassenärztliche Versorgung (Zi) berechnete Kosten in Arztpraxen erhalten. Das Zi hat hierfür einen neuen statistischen Ansatz entwickelt, dessen Ergebnisse in dieser Arbeit mit den Befunden der bisherigen Methode verglichen werden.
Methode Die Kosten werden erstmalig mit einem Regressionsmodell geschätzt. Aufgrund der hohen Anzahl teilweise kollinearer Prädiktoren wird die Ridge-Regression angewendet, die darüber hinaus die Varianz der Schätzung reduziert und zu den Verfahren des maschinellen statistischen Lernens gezählt werden kann.
Ergebnisse Die Verteilung der Kosten in Arztpraxen des Jahres 2008 und der Verordnungskosten in Apotheken des Jahres 2009 nach dem Ridge-Regressionsmodell folgt annähernd der Kostenverteilung gemäß den nach der bisherigen Methode berechneten und publizierten Ergebnissen, weicht jedoch für bestimmte Erkrankungsgruppen erkennbar ab. Die höchsten direkten Behandlungs- bzw. Verordnungskosten werden für Nierenversagen bzw. HIV-Erkrankungen ermittelt.
Schlussfolgerung Die durchgeführten Analysen resultieren in plausiblen Ergebnissen und zeigen die Möglichkeiten, regularisierte Regressionsverfahren für die Analyse hochdimensionaler Versorgungsdaten Gewinn bringend einzusetzen.
Use of Anticoagulants in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Bertoletti Laurent , Mismetti Valentine , Giannakoulas George 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince the earliest works on the understanding of different forms of pulmonary hypertension, thrombosis has been involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, both in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Autopsy and then pathophysiological data paved the way for the use of anticoagulants as a treatment for PAH and CTEPH. In PAH their role has diminished with the advent of specific targeted therapies, but they are still prescribed in more than half of PAH patients, because of concomitant venous thromboembolism or atrial fibrillation. In CTEPH long-term anticoagulant therapy is the cornerstone of the management. The recent development of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) raises the question of the best anticoagulation strategy, both in patients with PAH and in patients with CTEPH. In this review, we present an overview of the history of anticoagulants in the management of patients suffering from PAH or CTEPH, an update of the available data on the underlying rationale of their use in these subjects, an alert on the potential risks of using DOACs in these poorly explored situations, and the setting up of dedicated trials to evaluate the best anticoagulant treatment strategies in patients suffering from PAH or CTEPH.
Management of Anticoagulant Treatment and Anticoagulation-Related Complications in Nonagenarians
Authors: Giustozzi Michela , Castellucci Lana A. , Barnes Geoffrey D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGiven the aging population, the burden of age-dependent diseases is growing. Despite this, elderly patients are often underrepresented in clinical trials and little data are available on current anticoagulant management and outcomes in this unique population, especially those aged 90 years or older. There is uncertainty, and a fear of “doing harm,” that often leads to de-prescription of antithrombotic agents in nonagenarian patients. Decision-making concerning the use of anticoagulant treatment needs to balance the risk of thrombotic events against the risk of major bleeding, especially intracranial hemorrhage. In this perspective, the development of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), acting as direct and selective inhibitors of a specific step or enzyme of the coagulation cascade, has dramatically changed oral anticoagulant treatment. In fact, given the lower incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, the favorable overall efficacy and safety, and the lack of routine monitoring, DOACs are the currently recommended anticoagulant agents for the treatment of both atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism even in very elderly patients. However, given the limited data available on the management of anticoagulation in nonagenarians, a few unanswered questions remain. In this review, we focused on recent evidence for anticoagulant treatment in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism along with management of anticoagulation-related bleeding in nonagenarians.