bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic arguments in migrant health policymaking: proposing a research agenda
Authors: Gottlieb Nora , Trummer Ursula , Davidovitch Nadav , Krasnik Allan , Juárez Sol P. , Rostila Mikael , Biddle Louise , Bozorgmehr Kayvan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWelfare states around the world restrict access to public healthcare for some migrant groups. Formal restrictions on migrants’ healthcare access are often justified with economic arguments; for example, as a means to prevent excess costs and safeguard scarce resources. However, existing studies on the economics of migrant health policies suggest that restrictive policies increase rather than decrease costs. This evidence has largely been ignored in migration debates. Amplifying the relationship between welfare state transformations and the production of inequalities, the Covid-19 pandemic may fuel exclusionary rhetoric and politics; or it may serve as an impetus to reconsider the costs that one group’s exclusion from health can entail for all members of society.The public health community has a responsibility to promote evidence-informed health policies that are ethically and economically sound, and to counter anti-migrant and racial discrimination (whether overt or masked with economic reasoning). Toward this end, we propose a research agenda which includes 1) the generation of a comprehensive body of evidence on economic aspects of migrant health policies, 2) the clarification of the role of economic arguments in migration debates, 3) (self-)critical reflection on the ethics and politics of the production of economic evidence, 4) the introduction of evidence into migrant health policymaking processes, and 5) the endorsement of inter- and transdisciplinary approaches. With the Covid-19 pandemic and surrounding events rendering the suggested research agenda more topical than ever, we invite individuals and groups to join forces toward a (self-)critical examination of economic arguments in migration and health, and in public health generally.
Short-term effect of kinesiology taping on pain, functional disability and lumbar proprioception in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain: a double-blinded, randomized trial
Authors: Abbasi Soheila , Hadian Rasanani Mohammad-Reza , Ghotbi Nastaran , Olyaei Gholam Reza , Bozorgmehr Ali , Rasouli Omid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of kinesiology taping (KT) on lumbar proprioception, pain, and functional disability in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Methods
Thirty individuals with nonspecific CLBP participated in this double-blinded, randomized clinical trial from July 2017 to September 2018. The participants were randomized into two groups: KT (n = 15) and placebo group (n = 15). KT was applied with 15–25% tension for 72 h, and placebo taping was used without tension. Lumbar repositioning error was measured by a bubble inclinometer at three different angles (45° and 60° flexion, and 15° extension) in upright standing. Pain and disability were assessed by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index, respectively. All measurements were recorded at baseline and 3 days after taping.

Results
Pain and disability scores reduced 3 days after taping in the KT group with large effect sizes (p < 0.05). Only the total score of pain was significantly different between the groups 3 days after taping and improved more in the KT group with a large effect size (p < 0.05). However, lumbar repositioning errors were similar between the groups after 3 days (p > 0.05). Also, only constant error of 15° extension showed a moderate correlation with disability (r = 0.39, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
KT can decrease pain and disability scores after 3 days of application. Although placebo taping can reduce pain, the effect of KT is higher than placebo taping. The findings do not support the therapeutic effect of KT and placebo taping as a tool to enhance lumbar proprioception in patients with nonspecific CLBP.

Trial registration
The study prospectively registered on 21.05.2018 at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20090301001722N20.
Gut microbiome signature of Viliuisk encephalomyelitis in Yakuts includes an increase in microbes linked to lean body mass and eating behaviour
Authors: Kuznetsova Veronika , Tyakht Alexander , Akhmadishina Lyudmila , Odintsova Vera , Klimenko Natalia , Kostryukova Elena , Vakhitova Maria , Grigoryeva Tatyana , Malanin Sergey , Vladimirtsev Vsevolod , Nikitina Raisa , Volok Viktor , Osakovskiy Vladimir , Sivtseva Tatiana , Platonov Fyodor , Alexeev Dmitry , Karganova Galina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is a rare endemic neurodegenerative disease occurring in the Yakut population of Northeastern Siberia. The main clinical features of VE are spasticity, dysarthria, dementia, central paresis and paralysis, and cortical atrophy observed via MRI. Many hypotheses have been proposed regarding its etiology, including infectious agents, genetics, environmental factors, and immunopathology. Each of these hypotheses has been supported to some extent by epidemiological and experimental data. Nevertheless, none of them has been decisively proven. Gut microbiome is one of the factors that might be involved in VE pathogenesis.

Results
Here we performed a pilot survey of the stool microbiomes of Yakut subjects with VE (n = 6) and without VE (n = 11). 16S rRNA sequencing showed that in comparison with the control group, the Yakuts with VE had increased proportions of Methanobrevibacter and Christensenella, which are reported to be linked to body mass index, metabolism, dietary habits and potentially to neurodegenerative disorders. The identified associations suggest that the microbiome may be involved in VE. Overall, the Yakut microbiome was quite specific in comparison with other populations, such as metropolitan Russians and native inhabitants of the Canadian Arctic.

Conclusions
Describing the gut microbiome of indigenous human populations will help to elucidate the impact of dietary and environmental factors on microbial community structure and identify risks linked to the lifestyles of such groups as well as endemic diseases.
Food labour, consumption hierarchies, and diet decision-making in Sri Lankan households: a qualitative study
Authors: Renzella J. , Fernando S. , Kalupahana B. , Scarborough P. , Rayner M. , Townsend N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSri Lanka faces the double burden of over- and undernutrition. To tackle this dual challenge, double duty interventions that improve the quality of the Sri Lankan diet in line with national dietary guidelines have been suggested. The success of these interventions depends upon an understanding of the context-specific factors that impact their uptake within the population. The purpose of this study was threefold: explore household responsibility for food-related labour; understand food decision-making influences; and investigate consumption hierarchies that might impact the distribution of intervention benefits.MethodsWe conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 93 Sri Lankan adults residing in urban Colombo (n = 56), and urban and rural sectors in Kalutara (n = 29) and Trincomalee (n = 8). Interview data were analysed thematically.ResultsFindings from this study suggest that women in Sri Lanka continue to shoulder the burden of food-related labour disproportionately to men but that this responsibility is not always a proxy for dietary decision-making power. While men are often absent from the kitchen, their role in food purchasing and payment is prominent in many households. Despite these observed gender differences in food labour and provisioning,“traditional”age- and gender-based consumption hierarchies with negative nutrition consequences for women and children are not common, indicating that Sri Lankan ‘table culture’ may be changing.ConclusionDietary interventions with the aim of influencing day-to-day practice should be developed with an awareness of who is responsible for, who is able to perform, and who influences targeted behaviours.
Assessment of emergency contraceptives utilization and associated factors among female college students at Debre Tabor town
Authors: Demissie Tadesse Wuletaw , Nigatu Araya Mesfin , Beyene Getnet Mihretie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Unwanted pregnancy is a significant public health problem worldwide. In higher education, students are exposed to the risk of unintended pregnancy, abortion, and its related negative consequences.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of emergency contraceptives and factors associated with its utilization among college female students at Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional, institutional-based study was conducted from June to October 2017. A multi-stage stratified sampling technique was applied to select the study participants. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi info 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association between the use of emergency contraception and the predictor variables. The P-value less than 0.05 at 95% CI was taken as statistical significance.

Results
A total of 821 respondents participated with a response rate of 97.6%. The finding showed that 33.3% of them have used emergency contraceptives following unprotected sex. Female students’ knowledge about emergency contraceptive [AOR: 2.3; 95% CI 1.20, 4.25], age with 20–24 years category [AOR: 2.3; 95% CI 1.21, 4.49] and married [AOR: 2.8; 95% CI 1.22, 6.21] and divorced [AOR: 4.9; 95% CI 1.12, 21.08] students were found to be significant predictors of EC utilization.

Conclusions
This study revealed that the level of emergency contraceptive utilization was low. Students’ level of knowledge about an emergency contraceptive, age at present, and marital status were found to be the major predictor for emergency contraceptive utilization. Therefore, responsible bodies should develop strategies that enhance the knowledge level of students at the college level on the effective utilization of emergency contraceptive methods.
Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Cucumis melo var. momordica fruit extract on experimental animals
Authors: Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Mukerjee Alok , Tripathi Abhishek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a major public health issue related to the irregular metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. It occurs due to insufficient insulin production and insulin action.Cucumis melopossesses several biological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihypothyroidism, and antiangiogenic activities. The objective of the present study was to determine the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities ofCucumis melovar.momordicafruit extract on experimental animals.ResultResults show that treatment withC. melofruit extract and fraction caused a reduction in blood glucose levels.Cucumis melotoluene fraction (CMTF) exhibited a significant (*P< 0.05) reduction of blood glucose level on the 28th day, i.e., 122 mg/dL, in comparison with the positive control group (streptozotocin (STZ)). However, the extract ofC. meloshowed less significant results in comparison with CMTF. Triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL levels were increased chronically due to STZ and were significantly (*P< 0.05) restored to 84.16, 86.97, and 19.73, respectively, by CMTF in comparison with the positive control group (STZ in the dose of 55 mg/kg). The extract-treated groups also showed similar results as CMTF, but their efficacy was lesser than CMTF.ConclusionIt is can be concluded thatC. melofruits can be used as an effective antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic drug.Graphical abstract
An exploration of young carers’ experiences of school and their perceptions regarding their future career - a scoping review protocol
Authors: Moloney Breda , Kroll Thilo , Lafferty Attracta 
Published: November 2020

Background: Young carers are young people who care for a relative or a friend with an illness, disability, frailty, a mental health issue or addiction. Across the world, it is challenging to calculate the exact numbers due to the invisible nature of their role that can exist due to stigmatisation and fear of authoritative intrusion. As young carers reach 16 years and over, future career prospects become more significant. Young carers are more likely than their peers not to be in education, employment, or training and are more likely to do poorly at school or college than their non-caregiving peers due to the demands of caring. Recognising that positive engagement at school is a vital correlate of positive employment outcomes, young carers are at risk as their caring role can limit the range of employment opportunities open to them. This paper outlines the protocol for a robust synthesis of the literature surrounding young carers and their career perceptions. The scoping review will address the research question ‘What is known from the literature about young carers in school and their career perceptions?’ The overall aim of this paper is to present a protocol for the scoping review to map the key concepts, types of evidence, and gaps in research related to young carers in school and their future careers. Methods: The review will follow Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and Levac et al.’s, (2010) scoping review framework. The steps involved include: (1) research question identification; (2) relevant studies identification; (3) selection of studies; (4) data charting; (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results; and (6) stakeholders' consultation. Conclusions: The scoping review is an appropriate first step to employ in presenting the literature to inform a larger research study on young carers’ experiences in school and their perceptions regarding their future careers.
Anti-poverty policy and health: Attributes and diffusion of state earned income tax credits across U.S. states from 1980 to 2020
Authors: Komro Kelli A. , Dunlap Phenesse , Sroczynski Nolan , Livingston Melvin D. , Kelly Megan A. , Pepin Dawn , Markowitz Sara , Rentmeester Shelby , Wagenaar Alexander C. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The U.S. federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is often considered the most effective antipoverty program for families in the U.S., leading to a variety of improved outcomes such as educational attainment, work incentives, economic activity, income, and health benefits for mothers, infants and children. State EITC supplements to the federal credit can significantly enhance the magnitude of this intervention. In this paper we advance EITC and health research by: 1) describing the diffusion of state EITC policies over 40 years, 2) presenting patterns in important EITC policy dimensions across space and time, and 3) disseminating a robust data set to advance future research by policy analysts and scientists.

Methods
We used current public health law research methods to systematically collect, conduct textual legal analysis, and numerically code all EITC legislative changes from 1980 through 2020 in the 50 states and Washington, D.C.

Results
First, the pattern of diffusion across states and time shows initial introductions during the 1990s in the Midwest, then spreading to the Northeast, with more recent expansions in the West and South. Second, differences by state and time of important policy dimensions are evident, including size of credit and refundability. Third, state EITC benefits vary considerably by household structure.

Conclusion
Continued research on health outcomes is warranted to capture the full range of potential beneficial effects of EITCs on family and child wellbeing. Lawyers and policy analysts can collaborate with epidemiologists and economists on other high-quality empirical studies to assess the many dimensions of policy and law that potentially affect the social determinants of health.
Effectiveness of infection-containment measures on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and circulation from May to July 2020, in Milan, Italy
Authors: Cento Valeria , Alteri Claudia , Merli Marco , Di Ruscio Federica , Tartaglione Livia , Rossotti Roberto , Travi Giovanna , Vecchi Marta , Raimondi Alessandro , Nava Alice , Colagrossi Luna , Fumagalli Roberto , Ughi Nicola , Epis Oscar Massimiliano , Fanti Diana , Beretta Andrea , Galbiati Filippo , Scaglione Francesco , Vismara Chiara , Puoti Massimo , Campisi Daniela , Perno Carlo Federico 
Published: November 2020

Objective
Through a hospital-based SARS-CoV-2 molecular and serological screening, we evaluated the effectiveness of two months of lockdown and two of surveillance, in Milan, Lombardy, the first to be overwhelmed by COVID-19 pandemics during March-April 2020.

Methods
All subjects presenting at the major hospital of Milan from May-11 to July-5, 2020, underwent a serological screening by chemiluminescent assays. Those admitted were further tested by RT-PCR.

Results
The cumulative anti-N IgG seroprevalence in the 2753 subjects analyzed was of 5.1% (95%CI = 4.3%-6.0%), with a peak of 8.4% (6.1%-11.4%) 60–63 days since the peak of diagnoses (March-20). 31/106 (29.2%) anti-N reactive subjects had anti-S1/S2 titers >80 AU/mL. Being tested from May-18 to June-5, or residing in the provinces with higher SARS-CoV-2 circulation, were positively and independently associated with anti-N IgG reactivity (OR [95%CI]: 2.179[1.455–3.264] and 3.127[1.18–8.29], respectively). In the 18 RT-PCR positive, symptomatic subjects, anti-N seroprevalence was 33.3% (95% CI: 14.8%-56.3%).

Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Milan is low, and in a downward trend after only 60–63 days since the peak of diagnoses. Italian confinement measures were effective, but the risk of contagion remains concrete. In hospital-settings, the performance of molecular and serological screenings upon admission remains highly advisable.
Bairros negros, a forma urbana das populações negras no Brasil
Authors: Cunha Junior Henrique 
Published: November 2020

A história do urbanismo brasileiro e a urbanização brasileira possuem inúmeros marcadores da especificidade da forma urbana das populações negras. O racismo antinegro é um problema estrutural da sociedade brasileira e se concretiza no espaço urbano e nos territórios de maioria de população negra. Com este enfoque histórico geográfico urbano é que se propõe a disciplina de “Bairros negros: A forma urbana das populações negras no Brasil”. Esse artigo apresenta o contexto da criação dessa disciplina e a importância dela como ruptura conceitual e epistemológica dentro da forma que tradicionalmente foi tratada a teoria urbana brasileira e que não refletia a especificidade das populações negras nas cidades brasileira. O artigo explica o enfoque conceitual da disciplina com base nas propostas do movimento social e político do Pan africanismo e dos conceitos de complexidade sistêmica e transdisciplinaridade
As religiões de matriz africana e intolerância religiosa
Authors: Munanga Kabengele 
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer alguma reflexão crítica sobre as violências que permeiam a trajetória da população negra no Brasil, desde o tráfico humano transatlântico até os dias atuais, tendo como principal enfoque a discriminação religiosa embutida no racismo à brasileira, que impacta as religiões de matriz africana, em diferentes contextos, tornando-as alvo de perseguições e campanhas de destruição. Surpreendentemente, essas religiões resistiram, sobreviveram e se tornaram religiões brasileiras aceitas e frequentadas por cidadãs e cidadãos brasileiros de todas as cores. A questão que se coloca é saber como conseguiram resistir, sobreviver para se tornarem um dos patrimônios culturais brasileiro, cubano, haitiano, colombiano, venezuelano, entre outros. Onde estaria escondido o segredo dessa resistência, que surpreende o mundo diante de tanta força opressiva e destruidora pela qual passaram os africanos escravizados e seus descendentes de hoje? Tudo deixa crer que, apesar da violência da qual foram vítimas, eles não abriram mão da defesa de sua dignidade humana, de sua liberdade e identidade.
Sex-Specific Role for Dopamine Receptor D2 in Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Neuron Modulation of Defensive Acoustic Startle and Dominance Behavior
Authors: Lyon Krissy A. , Rood Benjamin D. , Wu Lorna , Senft Rebecca A. , Goodrich Lisa V. , Dymecki Susan M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBrain networks underlying states of social and sensory alertness are normally adaptive, influenced by serotonin and dopamine (DA), and abnormal in neuropsychiatric disorders, often with sex-specific manifestations. Underlying circuits, cells, and molecules are just beginning to be delineated. Implicated is a subtype of serotonergic neuron denotedDrd2-Pet1, distinguished by expression of the type-2 DA receptor (Drd2) gene, inhibited cell-autonomously by DRD2 agonism in slice, and, when constitutively silenced in male mice, affects levels of defensive and exploratory behaviors (Niederkofler et al., 2016). Unknown has been whether DRD2 signaling in thesePet1neurons contributes to their capacity for shaping defensive behaviors. To address this, we generated mice in whichDrd2gene sequences were deleted selectively inPet1neurons. We found thatDrd2Pet1-CKOmales, but not females, demonstrated increased winning against sex-matched controls in a social dominance assay.Drd2Pet1-CKOfemales, but not males, exhibited blunting of the acoustic startle response, a protective, defensive reflex. Indistinguishable from controls were auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), locomotion, cognition, and anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. Analyzing wild-typeDrd2-Pet1neurons, we found sex-specific differences in the proportional distribution of axonal collaterals, in action potential (AP) duration, and in transcript levels ofGad2,important for GABA synthesis.Drd2Pet1-CKOcells displayed sex-specific differences in the percentage of cells harboringGad2transcripts. Our results suggest that DRD2 function inDrd2-Pet1neurons is required for normal defensive/protective behaviors in a sex-specific manner, which may be influenced by the identified sex-specific molecular and cellular features. Related behaviors in humans too show sex differences, suggesting translational relevance.