bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability Induced by Nonlinear Rectification of El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Kim Geon-Il , Kug Jong-Seong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn the basis of 32 long-term simulations with state-of-the-art coupled GCMs, we investigate the relationship between tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode for the 11-yr moving sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the coupled models is commonly characterized by El Niño–like decadal variability with Bjerknes air–sea interaction. However, the second EOF mode can be separated into two groups, such that 1) some models have a zonal dipole SST pattern and 2) other models are characterized by a meridional dipole pattern. We found that models with the zonal dipole pattern in the second mode tend to simulate strong ENSO amplitude and asymmetry in comparison with those of the other models. Also, the residual patterns, which are defined as the summation of El Niño and La Niña SST composite anomalies, are very similar to the decadal dipole pattern, which suggests that ENSO residuals can cause the dipole decadal variability. It is found that decadal modulation of ENSO variability in these models strongly depends on the phase of the dipole decadal variability. The decadal changes in ENSO residual correspond well with the decadal changes in the dipole pattern, and the nonlinear dynamic heating terms by ENSO anomalies are well matched with the decadal dipole pattern.
Dexmedetomidine and Mortality From Sepsis Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Japanese Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aso Shotaro , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: July 2020

Background: Dexmedetomidine has a mild sedative effect and may reduce mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. However, few studies have examined the effects of dexmedetomidine in patients with sepsis who require mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dexmedetomidine and mortality in patients with sepsis requiring mechanical ventilation, using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan. Methods: Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database from July 1, 2010, to March 31, 2016, we identified adult patients with sepsis who required mechanical ventilation for more than 2 days. Patients were divided into those who received dexmedetomidine and those who received midazolam or propofol within 1 day after admission. Logistic regression analysis, propensity score-matched analysis, and instrumental variable analysis were performed to compare all-cause 28-day mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation between the groups. Results: In total, 50 671 were eligible patients, including dexmedetomidine group (n = 13 759) and propofol or midazolam group (n = 36 912). The dexmedetomidine group had significantly lower all-cause 28-day mortality compared with the group receiving midazolam or propofol, as shown by the logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR]: 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.84), the propensity score–matched analysis (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.91), and the instrumental variable analysis (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.57-0.73). The duration of mechanical ventilation in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly shorter than that in the midazolam or propofol group. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine was associated with a reduction in all-cause 28-day mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation.
CO2 absorption of anhydrous colloidal suspension based silica nanospheres with different microstructures
Authors: Ding Yudong , Guo Liheng , Li Xiaoqiang , Liao Qiang , Zhu Xun , Wang Hong 
Published: July 2020

Liquid absorption and solid adsorption technologies have been researched and reported widely for CO2 capture. Combining the advantages of these two capture materials, a novel anhydrous colloidal suspension was synthesized by dispersing amine-modified microporous silica nanospheres in 2-[2-(dimethylamino) ethoxy] ethanol. In this study, solid, hollow, and porous silica nanospheres with different internal pore structures were synthesized and characterized. The effects of the silica nanosphere microstructures on diethylenetriamine loading and CO2 absorption in anhydrous colloidal suspensions were studied. Due to a more developed pore structure, the hollow and porous silica-based absorbents possessed stronger amine loading capacities compared to solid silicon-based absorbent, and the best absorption performance was an absorption capacity of 1.2543 mmol/g at a pressure of 150 kPa and a temperature of 300 K. The results indicated that pore structure had a significant influence on the absorption property, and the porous silica-based absorbent was more favorable for CO2 absorption than solid and hollow silica-based absorbents. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order model was successful in predicting the CO2 absorption process in colloidal suspensions.
Larotrectinib followed by selitrectinib in a novel DCTN1–NTRK1 fusion undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Authors: Goh Xue Na , Seng Michaela Su-Fern , Loh Amos Hong Pheng , Gupta Achint , Chang Kenneth Tou En , Iyer Prasad 
Published: July 2020

Introduction Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase fusions cause overexpression or activation of kinase and are believed to confer oncogenic potential in some non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas. TRK inhibitors have recently been shown to induce responses in these tumours though current experience with these agents is still limited. Case report We report a case of an adolescent with treatment-refractory non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas, carrying a novel DCTN1–NTRK1 gene fusion whose progressive disease was treated with multi-kinase and TRK inhibitors. Management and outcome: Our patient was started on pan-TRK inhibitor larotrectinib, as his disease progressed after chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery, based on next-generation sequencing test showing DCTN1–NTRK1 gene fusion. He responded quickly to larotrectinib with the improvement of symptoms and reduction of masses. However, this response was short-lived due to the development of acquired solvent front resistance mutation. This patient did not respond to next-generation TRK inhibitor selitrectinib and eventually succumbed to his disease. Discussion The initial rapid and drastic response of our patient to larotrectinib was not sustained due to the development of acquired resistance. This case emphasizes the need for upfront and periodic next-generation sequencing testing to guide treatment of patients with refractory non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas.
Blunt and Penetrating Liver Trauma have Similar Outcomes in the Modern Era
Authors: Keizer A. A. , Arkenbosch J. H. C. , Kong V. Y. , Hoencamp R. , Bruce J. L. , Smith M. T. D. , Clarke D. L. 
Published: July 2020

Background: The trend in liver trauma management has progressively become increasingly conservative. However, a vast majority of literature focuses heavily on the management of blunt trauma. This study reviews the management of hepatic trauma at a major trauma center in a developing world setting, in order to compare blunt and penetrating liver trauma and to define current management algorithms and protocols. Methods: All patients who sustained liver trauma between 2012 to 2018 were identified in the Hybrid Electronic Medical Registry and extracted for further analysis. Results: A total of 808 patients with hepatic trauma were managed by our trauma center. There were 658 males and 150 females. The mean age was 30 years (standard deviation 13.3). A total of 68 patients died (8.2%) and a total of 290 (35%) patients required intensive care unit admission. The mean presenting shock index was 0.806 (standard deviation 0.67–1.0), the median Injury Severity Score was 18 (interquartile range 10–25) and the mean Revised Trauma Score was 12 (standard deviation 11–12). There were 367 penetrating and 441 blunt liver injuries. The age distribution was similar in both groups. There were significantly less females in the penetrating group. The shock index and the Injury Severity Score on presentation were significantly worse in the blunt group, respectively: 0.891 (standard deviation 0.31) versus 0.845 (standard deviation 0.69) (p < 0.001) and score 21 (interquartile range 13–27) versus 16 (interquartile range 9–20) (p < 0.01). The opposite applied to the Revised Trauma Score of 11.75 (standard deviation 0.74) versus 11.19 (standard deviation 1.3) (p < 0.001). There were significantly more associated intra-abdominal injuries in the penetrating group than the blunt group, in particular that of hollow organs, and 84% of patients with a penetrating injury underwent a laparotomy while only 33% of the blunt injuries underwent a laparotomy. The mortality rate was comparable between both groups. Conclusion: Hepatic trauma is still associated with a high morbidity rate, although there have been dramatic improvements in mortality rates over the last three decades. The mortality rates for blunt and penetrating liver trauma are now similar. Non-operative management is feasible for over two-thirds of blunt injuries and for just under 20% of penetrating injuries.
Rapid Posterior Tibial Reduction After Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: Mechanism Description From a Video Analysis
Authors: Grassi Alberto , Tosarelli Filippo , Agostinone Piero , Macchiarola Luca , Zaffagnini Stefano , Della Villa Francesco 
Published: July 2020

Background: The mechanisms of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are an enormously debated topic in sports medicine; however, the late phases of injury have not yet been investigated. Hypothesis: A well-defined posterior tibial translation can be visualized with its timing and patterns of knee flexion after ACL injury. Study Design: Case series. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: A total of 137 videos of ACL injuries in professional male football (soccer) players were screened for a sudden posterior tibial reduction (PTR) in the late phase of noncontact ACL injury mechanism. The suitable videos were analyzed using Kinovea software for sport video analysis. The time of initial contact of the foot with the ground, the foot lift, the start of tibial reduction, and the end of tibial reduction were assessed. Results: A total of 21 videos exhibited a clear posterior tibial reduction of 42 ± 11 ms, after an average of 229 ± 81 ms after initial contact. The tibial reduction occurred consistently within the first 50 to 60 ms after foot lift (55 ± 30 ms) and with the knee flexed between 45° and 90° (62%) or more than 90° (24%). Conclusion: A rapid posterior tibial reduction is consistently present in the late phases of noncontact ACL injuries in some male soccer players, with a consistent temporal relationship between foot lift from the ground and consistent degrees of knee flexion near or above 90°. Clinical Relevance: This study provides insight into the late phases of ACL injury. The described mechanism, although purely theoretical, could be responsible for commonly observed intra-articular lesions.
Predictor index of functional limb length discrepancy
Authors: Singh Vivek Ajit , Ramalingam Sasidaran , Haseeb Amber , Yasin Nor Faissal Bin 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Limb length discrepancy (LLD) of lower extremities is underdiagnosed due to compensatory mechanisms during locomotion. The natural course of compensation leads to biomechanical alteration in human musculoskeletal system leading to adverse effects. General consensus accepts LLD more than 2 cm as significant to cause biomechanical alteration. No studies were conducted correlating height and lower extremities true length (TL) to signify LLD. Examining significant LLD in relation to height and TL using dynamic gait analysis with primary focus on kinematics and secondary focus on kinetics would provide an objective evaluation method. Methodology: Forty participants with no evidence of LLD were recruited. Height and TL were measured. Reflective markers were attached at specific points in lower extremity and subjects walked in gait lab at a self-selected normal walking pace with artificial LLDs of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 cm simulated using shoe raise. Accommodation period of 30 min was given. Infrared cameras were used to capture the motion. Primary kinematic (knee flexion and pelvic obliquity (PO)) and secondary kinetic (ground reaction force (GRF)) were measured at right heel strike and left heel strike. Functional adaptation was analyzed and the postulated predictor indices (PIs) were used as a screening tool using height, LLD, and TL to notify significance. Results: There was a significant knee flexion component seen in height category of less than 170 cm. There was significant difference between LLD 3 cm and 4 cm. No significant changes were seen in PO and GRF. PIs of LLD/height and LLD/TL were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve. LLD/height as a PI with value of 1.75 was determined with specificity of 80% and sensitivity of 76%. Conclusion: A height of less than 170 cm has significant changes in relation to LLD. PI using LLD/height appears to be a promising tool to identify patients at risk.
Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury on Natural Grass Versus Artificial Turf in Soccer: 10-Year Data From the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System
Authors: Howard Mark , Solaru Samantha , Kang Hyunwoo P. , Bolia Ioanna K. , Hatch George F.R. , Tibone James E. , Gamradt Seth C. , Weber Alexander E. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is prevalent among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer players. Controversy remains regarding the effect of the surface type on the rate of ACL injury in soccer players, considering differences in sex, type of athletic exposure, and level of competition. Hypothesis: Natural grass surfaces would be associated with decreased ACL injury rate in NCAA soccer players. Sex, type of athletic exposure (match vs practice), and level of competition (Division I-III) would affect the relationship between playing surface and ACL injury rates. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Using the NCAA Injury Surveillance System (ISS) database, we calculated the incidence rate of ACL injury in men and women from 2004-2005 through 2013-2014 seasons. The incidence was normalized against athletic exposure (AE). Additional data collected were sex, athletic activity at time of injury (match vs practice), and level of competition (NCAA division) to stratify the analysis. Statistical comparisons were made by calculating incidence rate ratios (IRR). Statistical significance was set at an alpha of .05. Results: There were 30,831,779 weighted AEs during the study period. The overall injury rate was 1.12 ACL injuries per 10,000 AEs (95% CI, 1.08-1.16). Women comprised 57% of the match data (10,261 games) and 55% of practice data (26,664 practices). The overall injury rate was significantly higher on natural grass (1.16/10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 1.12-1.20) compared with artificial turf (0.92/10,000 AEs [95% CI, 0.84-1.01]; IRR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.14-1.38]) ( P < .0001). This relationship was demonstrated consistently across all subanalyses, including stratification by NCAA division and sex. The injury rate on natural grass (0.52/10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 1.11-1.26) was significantly greater than the injury incidence during practice on artificial turf (0.06/10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 0.043-0.096). Players were 8.67 times more likely to sustain an ACL injury during practice on natural grass compared with practice on artificial turf (95% CI, 5.43-12.13; P < .0001). No significant difference was found in injury rates between matches played on grass versus turf (IRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84-1.03; P = .15). Conclusion: NCAA soccer players who practice on natural grass have increased risk of ACL injury compared with the risk of those practicing on an artificial surface, regardless of sex or NCAA division of play. No difference in risk of ACL injury between playing surfaces was detected during matches. Further research is necessary to examine the effect of multiple factors when evaluating the effect of the surface type on the risk of ACL injury in soccer players.
An Educational Evaluation of a Journal Club Approach to Teaching Undergraduate Health Care Research
Authors: Friesth Michaela , Dzara Kristina 
Published: July 2020

Background: Health care research is a common undergraduate health sciences requirement. There is limited literature regarding course structure, content, or learning outcomes; most courses have traditionally been taught through didactic lecture. This is misaligned with Generation Y learner values, as they desire guided learning, real-world examples, active engagement, learning through doing, and psychological safety. Methods: A “journal club” approach to teaching health care research was implemented at Northeastern University in Fall 2018. Each session involved (1) a moment of reflection; (2) an introduction to the topic; (3) 1 student methods report presentation; (4) 2 student “journal club” self-directed structured article summary presentations; (5) large-group discussion; (6) plus/delta feedback to instructor. Each student completed 2 “journal club” and 1 methods presentations, 6 peer reviews, CITI research training, a quality improvement survey, and a final course reflection. We utilized a convergent mixed-methods educational evaluation, integrating data from 3 distinct sources—a quality improvement survey, final student course reflections, and Plus/Delta feedback—which were analyzed via thematic analysis. The Northeastern University Institutional Review Board exempted the study. Results: Students appreciated the course structure and reported confidence in their critical appraisal abilities. Four qualitative themes emerged: (1) enabled a high degree of growth as students and scholars; (2) designed in thoughtful and unique format; (3) initially intimidated students and was academically challenging; and (4) prioritized and enabled psychological safety. Conclusions: Although initially intimidating and admittedly challenging, undergraduate health sciences students applauded the course’s curricular design and enabling of psychological safety, which aligned with Generation Y learner values, ultimately leading to growth in perceived and realized confidence and ability to critically review research articles.
Long non-coding RNA H19 in atherosclerosis: what role?
Authors: Shi Xian , Wei Ya-Ting , Li Heng , Jiang Ting , Zheng Xi-Long , Yin Kai , Zhao Guo-Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is widely accepted to be a multistep pathophysiological process associated with several other processes such as angiogenesis and inflammatory response. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding RNAs (more than 200 nucleotides in length) and can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent studies suggest that lncRNA-H19 plays important roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. In this review, we primarily discuss the roles of lncRNA-H19 in atherosclerosis-related pathophysiological processes and the potential mechanisms by which lncRNA-H19 regulates the development of atherosclerosis, to help provide a better understanding of the biological functions of lncRNA-H19 in atherosclerosis.
Electroacupuncture alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome-like symptoms through improving insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress via enhancing autophagy in rats
Authors: Peng Yan , Guo Liyuan , Gu Anxin , Shi Beibei , Ren Yukun , Cong Jing , Yang Xinming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Electroacupuncture (EA), a treatment derived from traditional Chinese medicine, can effectively improve hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however, its underlying mechanisms remain obscure. This study aimed to investigate whether EA could mitigate PCOS-like symptoms in rats by regulating autophagy.

Methods
A rat model of PCOS-like symptoms was established by subcutaneous injection with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and then EA treatment at acupoints (ST29 and SP6) was carried out for 5 weeks. To inhibit autophagy in rats, intraperitoneal injection with 0.5 mg/kg 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor) was performed at 30 min before each EA treatment.

Results
EA intervention alleviated PCOS-like symptoms in rats, which was partly counteracted by the combination with 3-MA. Moreover, DHEA-exposure-induced deficient autophagy in skeletal muscle was improved by EA treatment. EA-mediated improvements in insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PCOS-like rats were counteracted by 3-MA pretreatment. Mechanically, EA attenuated autophagy deficiency-mediated insulin resistance in PCOS-like rats via inactivating mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway.

Conclusions
Taken together, our findings indicate that EA treatment ameliorates insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress through enhancing autophagy in a PCOS-like rat model. Our study provides novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the treatment of EA in PCOS, which offers more theoretic foundation for its clinical application.
Fabrication and Electrochemical Performance of PVA/CNT/PANI Flexible Films as Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Ben Jianwei , Song Zhiyuan , Liu Xinke , Lü Wei , Li Xiaohua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The flexible and rechargeable energy storage device with excellent performance is highly desired due to the demands of portable and wearable devices. Herein, by integrating the bendability and stretchability of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), pseudocapacitance of Polyaniline (PANI), and the charge transport ability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), PVA/CNT/PANI flexible film was fabricated as supercapacitor electrodes with excellent electrochemical performance and flexibility. Full-solid supercapacitor is prepared based on PVA/H2SO4 gel electrolyte and as-prepared film electrodes. The device achieves an areal capacitance of 196.5 mF cm-2 with high cycling stability. The flexible properties of PVA, the conductivity of CNT, and the pseudo-capacitance of PANI contribute to the superior performance. Present work develops a facile and effective way for preparing flexible electrode materials.

Graphical Abstract
In present work, we fabricated PVA/CNT/PANI flexible film as supercapacitor electrodes with excellent electrochemical performance and flexibility.