bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric pressure air microplasma current time series for true random bit generation
Authors: Allagui Anis , Majzoub Sohaib , Elwakil Ahmed S. , Rojas Andrea Espinel , Alawadhi Hussain 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenerating true random bits of high quality at high data rates is usually viewed as a challenging task. To do so, physical sources of entropy with wide bandwidth are required which are able to provide truly random bits and not pseudorandom bits, as it is the case with deterministic algorithms and chaotic systems. In this work we demonstrate a reliable high-speed true random bit generator (TRBG) device based on the unpredictable electrical current time series of atmospheric pressure air microplasma (APAMP). After binarization of the sampled current time series, no further post-processing was needed in order for the bitstreams to pass all 15 tests of the NIST SP 800-22 statistical test suite. Several configurations of the system have been successfully tested at different sampling rates up to 100 MS/s, and with different inter-electrode distances giving visible/non-visible optical emissions. The cost-effectiveness, simplicity and ease of implementation of the proposed APAMP system compared to others makes it a very promising solution for portable TRBGs.
High rate of major drug–drug interactions of lopinavir–ritonavir for COVID-19 treatment
Authors: Macías Juan , Pinilla Ana , Lao-Dominguez Francisco A. , Corma Anaïs , Contreras-Macias Enrique , González-Serna Alejandro , Gutierrez-Pizarraya Antonio , Fernández-Fuertes Marta , Morillo-Verdugo Ramón , Trigo Marta , Real Luis M. , Pineda Juan A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe impact of drug–drug interactions (DDI) between ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV-r) to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and commonly used drugs in clinical practice is not well-known. Thus, we evaluated the rate and severity of DDI between LPV-r for COVID-19 treatment and concomitant medications. This was a cross-sectional study including all individuals diagnosed of SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with LPV-r and attended at a single center in Southern Spain (March 1st to April 30th, 2020). The frequency [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] of potential and major DDI were calculated. Overall, 469 patients were diagnosed of COVID-19, 125 (27%) of them were prescribed LPV-r. LPV-r had potential DDI with concomitant medications in 97 (78%, 95% CI 69–85%) patients, and in 33 (26%, 95% CI 19–35%) individuals showed major DDI. Twelve (36%) patients with major DDI and 14 (15%) individuals without major DDI died (p = 0.010). After adjustment, only the Charlson index was independently associated with death [adjusted OR (95% CI) for Charlson index ≥ 5: 85 (10–731), p < 0.001]. LPV-r was discontinued due to side effects in 31 (25%) patients. Management by the Infectious Diseases Unit was associated with a lower likelihood of major DDI [adjusted odds ratio (95% CI): 0.14 (0.04–0.53), p = 0.003). In conclusion, a high frequency of DDI between LPV-r for treating COVID-19 and concomitant medications was found, including major DDI. Patients with major DDI showed worse outcomes, but this association was explained by the older age and comorbidities. Patients managed by the Infectious Diseases Unit had lower risk of major DDI.
A systematic review of corticosteroid treatment for noncritically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Shuto Hisayuki , Komiya Kosaku , Yamasue Mari , Uchida Sonoe , Ogura Takashi , Mukae Hiroshi , Tateda Kazuhiro , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Kadota Jun-ichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has published guidance recommending systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of patients with severe or critical COVID-19 and no corticosteroids for those with nonsevere COVID-19. Although their recommendations for critical cases were based on the results from seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), those for noncritical cases were based on the results from only one RCT, the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial. In search of additional evidence of corticosteroids’ effect on COVID-19, we systematically reviewed controlled observational studies, besides RCTs, that assessed the impact of corticosteroid treatment on any type of mortality and/or other outcomes in noncritical patients. Of the 4037 titles and abstracts screened, we ultimately included the RECOVERY trial and five controlled observational studies using propensity score matching, (accessed on September 8, 2020). Two of the controlled observational studies assessed the association between corticosteroid treatment and in-hospital mortality, without finding statistical significance. Four of the controlled observational studies assessed corticosteroids’ effect on other outcomes, demonstrating that they were associated with reduced risk of intubation in patients requiring oxygen and with longer hospitalization and viral shedding in mild or moderate cases. These results support the WHO recommendations not to use corticosteroids for nonsevere COVID-19.
Understanding the biogeochemical mechanisms of metal removal from acid mine drainage with a subsurface limestone bed at the Motokura Mine, Japan
Authors: Fuchida Shigeshi , Suzuki Kohei , Kato Tatsuya , Kadokura Masakazu , Tokoro Chiharu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSubsurface limestone beds (SLBs) are used as a passive treatment technique to remove toxic metals from acid mine drainage (AMD). In this study, we investigated the mechanisms and thermodynamics of metal (manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead) precipitation in the SLB installed at the Motokura Mine. Field surveys in 2017 and 2018 showed that the pH of the SLB influent (initially 5–6) increased to approximately 8 in the drain between 24 and 45 m from the inlet. This increase was caused by limestone dissolution and resulted in the precipitation of hydroxides and/or carbonates of copper, zinc, and lead, as expected from theoretical calculations. Manganese and cadmium were removed within a pH range of approximately 7–8, which was lower than the pH at which they normally precipitate as hydroxides (pH 9–10). X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis of the sediment indicated that δ-MnO2, which has a high cation-exchange capacity, was the predominant tetravalent manganese compound in the SLB rather than trivalent compound (MnOOH). Biological analysis indicates that microorganism activity of the manganese-oxidizing bacteria in the SLB provided an opportunity for δ-MnO2 formation, after which cadmium was removed by surface complexation with MnO2 (≡ MnOH0 + Cd2+  ⇄  ≡ MnOCd+  +  H+). These findings show that biological agents contributed to the precipitation of manganese and cadmium in the SLB, and suggest that their utilization could enhance the removal performance of the SLB.
LIFELINE: The program for the simulation of the X-ray line profiles in massive colliding wind binaries
Authors: Mossoux E. , Rauw G. 
Published: December 2020

Aims.The study of the X-ray line profiles produced by massive colliding wind binaries is a powerful tool for the characterisation of the stellar winds. We built a self-consistent program for the computation of line profiles named LIFELINE. The resulting theoretical profiles can be compared to the line profile that will be observed with future high-resolution X-ray spectrographs to retrieve the characteristics of the stellar winds generating them.Methods.We considered a grid of 780 O-type binaries and computed, for each of them, the wind velocity distribution of each star, taking the impact of the radiation pressure and gravity force of the companion star into account. We then computed the characteristics of the wind shock region and followed the emitted photons towards the observer to compute their absorption. Finally, the Fe K line profiles near 6.7 keV were constructed from the distribution of the photons as a function of the radial velocities of their emitting region. LIFELINE can be used to compare the theoretical line profiles to the observed ones or to compute theoretical profiles for a new binary system.Results.We highlight the results for three systems. While the line profiles created in adiabatic wind collision regions are quite simple, the line profiles arising from regions in the radiative regime, as found in short-period binaries, are more sophisticated notably because of the Coriolis effect on the shape of the shock. The predicted differences in line morphology between systems with different wind properties are quite significant, allowing a detailed comparison between the theoretical profiles and those that will be observed with future high-resolution X-ray spectrometers.
Hygrothermal Behavior of Earth-Based Materials: Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Saidi Meriem , Soukaina Cherif Amel , Sediki Ezeddine , Zeghmati Belkacem 
Published: December 2020

Bio-based building materials such as earth bricks are attracting renewed interest throughout the world due to their thermal and environmental properties.
In this work, a numerical study of the hygrothermal behavior of building walls consist of compressed earth bricks (CEB) and stabilized earth bricks (SEB) was performed. A two-dimensional Luikov model for evaluating the temperature and the moisture migration in porous building materials was proposed. The coupled heat and moisture transfer problem was modeled. The governing equations of a mathematical model were solved numerically with the finite difference method. Input parameters in the model and their dependency on stabilizers content were determined by laboratory experiments.
In order to specify the effect of chemical stabilization on the heat and mass transfer within studied materials, average moisture content and temperature were presented as a function of time. Results show that the addition of chemical stabilizers enhances the heat transfer through the earthen materials and reduces their water vapor permeability.
Is Vaginal Breech Delivery Still a Safe Option?
Authors: Pulido Valente Maria , Carvalho Afonso Maria , Clode Nuno 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective To determine whether there was any difference in neonatal and maternal outcomes between breech vaginal delivery and cephalic vaginal delivery.
Methods A retrospective, case-control study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2017 in a Portuguese hospital. A total of 26 cases of breech vaginal delivery were considered eligible and 52 pregnant women formed the control group.
Results Induced labor was more frequent in the breech vaginal delivery group (46% versus 21%, p = 0.022). Episiotomy was more common in the breech vaginal delivery group (80% versus 52%, p = 0.014), and one woman had a 3rd degree perineal laceration. Newborns in the study group had a lower birthweight (2,805 g versus 3,177 g, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the neonatal outcomes.
Conclusion The present study showed that breech vaginal delivery at term compared with cephalic presentation was not associated with significant differences in neonatal and maternal morbidity. It also suggests that breech vaginal delivery remains a safe option under strict selection criteria and in the presence of an experienced obstetrician.
Serous Retinal Detachment in Pre-eclampsia: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Raposo Joana Teresa Botelho Vasconcelos , Melo Bruna Carina Da Silva , Maciel Nuno Filipe Bernardo Belo , Leite Sara Dias , Rebelo Óscar Renato Coutinho , Lima Ana Maria Furtado 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPre-eclampsia (PE) is an obstetric disease with a multifactorial cause that affects ∼ 5% of pregnant women. Vision can be affected with varying severity, and retinal detachment is a very rare complication. It tends to be bilateral, diagnosed postpartum, and more prevalent in women who are primiparous and/or undergo caesarean delivery. The condition typically resolves completely and rarely causes total visual loss in the affected women. Fluorescence angiographic findings support the hypothesis that retinal detachment in PE is secondary to choroidal ischemia from intense arteriolar vasospasm. The present article is related to a case of a 37-year-old pregnant woman who had PE associated with a progressive blurred vision, diagnosed by ophthalmology as serous macular detachment of the retina.
Do Thyroid Diseases during Pregnancy and Lactation Affect the Nutritional Composition of Human Milk?
Authors: Lopes Fernanda de Oliveira , Soares Fernanda Valente Mendes , Silva Danielle Aparecida da , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective To identify whether the effects of thyroid disease during pregnancy and lactation affect the nutritional composition of human milk.
Methods Systematic review of the scientific literature using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/MedLine databases to evaluate the association of thyroid diseases during pregnancy and lactation with the nutritional composition of human milk. There was no delimitation by period or by language, and the searches were completed in March 2019. The following descriptors were applied: human milk AND thyroid AND composition, using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol for data search, selection, and extraction. The flowchart proposed for bibliographic search resulted in 12 articles and, of these, four were selected.
Results The articles elected for this review were published between 1976 and 2018. Two studies found significant differences in the nutritional composition of mothers' milk with hypothyroidism or overweight compared with the milk of those without hypothyroidism. Studies have shown that the presence of the disease led to changes in the nutritional composition of human milk, especially a higher concentration of human milk fat.
Conclusion It is extremely important that these women have continuous nutritional follow-up to minimize the impact of these morbidities on the nutritional composition of human milk.
Study of Binaural Auditory Cortical Response in Children with History of Recurrent Otitis
Authors: Oliveira Leticia Sampaio , Oliveira Anna Caroline Silva de , Alcântara Yara Bagali , Vieira Carolina Almeida , Ferreira Dayse Mayara de Oliveira , Chagas Eduardo Federighi Baisi , Frizzo Ana Claudia Figueiredo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Any type of sensory deprivation in childhood resulting from conductive hearing loss may impair the development of peripheral and central auditory pathway structures with negative consequences for binaural processing.
Objective To characterize and compare monoaural and binaural auditory responses in neonates and children without and with a history of recurrent otitis.
Methods The study included participants from 0 to 8 years and 11 months old, in good general health conditions, of both genders, divided into a control group, with no history of otitis, and a study group, with history of recurrent otitis. Cortical potential with speech stimulus /ba/-/da/ was used as collection procedure. The arithmetic calculation of the 512 points of the wave was performed to obtain the grand average of the waves of the subjects in both groups. The Shapiro-Wilk and mixed repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistical tests were performed to analyze the group effect, the condition, and the interaction (group versus condition) controlling the effect of the age-sex covariable.
Results There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for all latency values; and for the P1, N1, P2, and N2 latencies, the differences between the groups occurred in the three analyzed conditions (right and left ears and binaural), revealing the influence of sensory deprivation. There were no significant differences in relation to wave amplitudes.
Conclusion There are differences in the cortical potential with speech stimuli and in the binaural interaction component of children with and without history of recurrent otitis.
Comparison of Outcome and Complications in Dogs Weighing Less Than 12 kg Undergoing Miniature Tibial Tuberosity Transposition and Advancement versus Extracapsular Stabilization with Tibial Tuberosity Transposition for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease with Concomitant Medial Patellar Luxation
Authors: Hackett Morgan , St Germaine Lindsay , Carno Margaret-Ann , Hoffmann Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to describe a technique for performing miniature tibial tuberosity transposition and advancement (mTTTA). The secondary objective of this study was to compare the short-term outcome and complications in small breed dogs weighing less than 12 kg undergoing surgical correction of cranial cruciate ligament disease with concurrent medial patellar luxation via either extracapsular stabilization with tibial tuberosity transposition (ECS + TTT) or mTTTA.Study Design This is a retrospective case comparison study.Results There was no significant difference in overall outcome between the ECS + TTT group and the mTTTA group when comparing 8-week postoperative radiographic healing scores as well as 2- and 8-week postoperative lameness scores.Conclusion This study concluded that the mTTTA procedure was feasible and the overall outcome and complications for the dogs that underwent ECS + TTT and those that underwent mTTTA were comparable.
A Combined Surgical Approach for Extensor Hallucis Longus Reconstruction: Two Case Reports
Authors: Duarte Marta , Fradinho Nuno 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe surgical management of foot tendon injuries is not well-represented in literature. To achieve excellent functional recovery of the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) tendon, we aimed at developing a reliable and feasible reconstructive technique.A surgical technique for delayed reconstruction of the EHL tendon, combining an elongation procedure with second toe extensor tendon transfer, is described in this article.The results of this combined approach for EHL tendon reconstruction were remarkable, since the patients of the two clinical cases reported regained active extension of the hallux after 6 months without any associated complication.This study represents a step forward in foot surgery, since it describes an alternative technique to manage EHL tendon lesions.
Spectrally selective fundamental core mode suppression in optical fibre containing absorbing rods
Authors: Aleshkina S.S. , Kashaykina T.A. , Yashkov M.V. , Salganskii M.Yu. , Alyshev S.V. , Bubnov M.M. , Guryanov A.N. , Likhachev M.E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The feasibility of making a wavelength-selective fibre filter using fibre with absorbing rods in its silica cladding has been demonstrated theoretically for the first time. The technique described in this paper is of great practical interest for designing fibre lasers and amplifiers emitting at wavelengths where lasing is impeded by the presence of more energetically favourable radiative transitions in the active medium. In addition, the approach proposed here can be used for stimulated Raman scattering suppression. The unique feature of the fundamental core mode suppression mechanism examined is that there is a (bending) controlled spectral width of a region where excess losses are produced.
Multiple origins of obligate nematode and insect symbionts by a clade of bacteria closely related to plant pathogens
Authors: Martinson Vincent G. , Gawryluk Ryan M. R. , Gowen Brent E. , Curtis Caitlin I. , Jaenike John , Perlman Steve J. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceObligate symbioses are intimate associations between species in which neither partner can live without the other. It is challenging to study how obligate symbioses arise because they are often ancient and it is difficult to uncover early or intermediate stages. We have discovered a nascent obligate symbiosis involvingHowardula aoronymphium, a well-studied nematode parasite ofDrosophilaflies, and a bacterium related toPectobacterium, a lineage of plant pathogens. Moreover, this nematode symbiont is a member of a widespread group of invertebrate host-associated microbes that has independently given rise to at least four obligate symbioses in nematodes and insects, making it an exciting model to study transitions to obligate symbiosis.
A highly immunogenic and effective measles virus-based Th1-biased COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Hörner Cindy , Schürmann Christoph , Auste Arne , Ebenig Aileen , Muraleedharan Samada , Dinnon Kenneth H. , Scholz Tatjana , Herrmann Maike , Schnierle Barbara S. , Baric Ralph S. , Mühlebach Michael D. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The COVID-19 pandemic has already caused over 1 million deaths. Therefore, effective vaccine concepts are urgently needed. In search of such a concept, we have analyzed a measles virus-based vaccine candidate targeting SARS-CoV-2. Using this well-known, safe vaccine backbone, we demonstrate here induction of functional immune responses in both arms of adaptive immunity, yielding antiviral efficacy in vivo with the desired immune bias. Consequently, no immunopathologies became evident during challenge experiments. Moreover, the candidate still induces immunity against the measles, recognized as a looming second menace, when countries are forced to stop routine vaccination campaigns in the face of COVID-19. Thus, a bivalent measles-based COVID-19 vaccine could be the solution for two significant public health threats.
The Fast Track intervention’s impact on behaviors of despair in adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Godwin Jennifer W. ,   Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, Bierman Karen L. , Coie John D. , Crowley Daniel M. , Dodge Kenneth A. , Greenberg Mark T. , Lochman John E. , McMahon Robert J. , Pinderhughes Ellen E. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Mortality among young adults (age 25 to 44) is rising due in part to preventable, self-inflicted deaths from suicide, alcohol-related liver disease, and drug overdose. This study finds that a comprehensive childhood intervention (Fast Track) designed to reduce conduct problems in at-risk children also reduces the probability of exhibiting adolescent and young adulthood behaviors that precede these deaths, including suicidal ideation and hazardous drinking as well as opioid use in young adulthood. Intervention-driven improvements in children’s interpersonal, intrapersonal, and academic skills in elementary and middle school partially mediate the direct intervention effect on adolescent and young adult behaviors of despair with a strong indirect pathway through earlier acquisition of interpersonal skills.
HSATII RNA is induced via a noncanonical ATM-regulated DNA damage response pathway and promotes tumor cell proliferation and movement
Authors: Nogalski Maciej T. , Shenk Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Significance
HSATII RNA is associated with cancer progression and immunostimulation, and as we recently reported, it plays an important role in herpesvirus infections. However, our understanding of cellular processes responsible for the expression of HSATII RNA is limited. Our current investigation identified a noncanonical, ATM kinase-independent DNA damage response pathway as a common cellular mechanism regulating HSATII RNA induction in virus-infected cells or cells treated with DNA-damaging agents. Additionally, our study provides a link between expression of HSATII RNA and the cellular growth and migration phenotypes of cancer cells, establishing a paradigm to study the biological consequences of HSATII RNA expression, i.e., treatment of normal diploid and tumor cells with DNA-damaging agents.