bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Events in Children from Southern India
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K , Amoghimath Raghavendraswami , Benakappa Naveen , Shivappa Sanjay K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background Nonepileptic paroxysmal events (NEPEs) present with episodes similar to epileptic seizures but without abnormal electrical discharge on electroencephalogram (EEG). NEPEs are commonly misdiagnosed as epilepsy. Epilepsy is diagnosed on the basis of a detailed history and examination. Emphasis during history to rule out the possibility of NEPE is important. The wrong diagnosis of epilepsy can lead to physical, psychological, and financial harm to the child and the family. Hence, this study was planned.

Objective The objective of the study is to evaluate clinical profile, frequency, and spectrum of NEPE in children.

Materials and Methods This is a prospective observational study. Patients with NEPE between January 2014 and August 2016 aged < 18 years were enrolled. NEPEs were diagnosed on the basis of history, home video, and EEG recordings. Patients were divided into different categories according to age, specific type of disorder, and system responsible. Patients were followed for their NEPE frequency and outcome.

Results A total of 3,660 children presented with paroxysmal events; of them 8% were diagnosed with NEPE. Patients diagnosed with NEPE were classified into three age groups on the basis of their age of onset of symptom; of the total 285 patients, there were 2 neonates (0.7%), 160 infants (56%), and 123 children and adolescents (43.1%). Fifty-eight percent patients were boys. The most common diagnoses were breath-holding spells 113 (39%), followed by syncope 38 (13.3%) and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures 37 (12.9%). About 9 and 5% of patients had concomitant epilepsy and developmental delay, respectively.

Conclusions NEPEs account for 8% of paroxysmal events. Most common NEPEs were breath-holding spells among infants and syncope and “psychogenic nonepileptic seizures” in children and adolescents.
Access to the Intensive Care Unit by Severe Head Injury Patients
Authors: Balogun James A. , Akwada Obioma , Awana Emily , Balogun Folusho M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background The management of severe traumatic brain injury is directed at avoidance of secondary brain injuries. The intensive care unit (ICU) provides the ideal environment to achieving improved survival and functional outcome. The study sets out to identify the factors that determine the access of patients with severe head injury presenting at our hospital, to the ICU and their impact on outcome.

Materials and Methods his was a longitudinal study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Data of all consecutive severe head injury patients over a 9-month period, presenting to the accident and emergency department, was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-squared test. The level of significance was p < 0.05.

Result There were 36 males (80.0%) in our study, with road crashes (25; 79.5%) as the most common mechanism of injury. Most patients (33; 73.3%) were transferred to our center after initial care in another hospital. Though 31(68.9%) patients had access to the ICU, they were all delayed, with the most common reason for the delay being lack of ICU space. More patients who got admitted into ICU (14; 45.2%) were alive at 28 days into admission (p = 0.04). The females (6; 13.3%) significantly survived till 28 days on admission compared with males (p = 0.03), but there was no difference in the survival rates between children and adults.

Conclusion Our study underscores the need for ICU admission in these patients to optimize outcome and identify the nonavailability of beds, as the most important cause of delayed access, as well as the need for increased manpower capacity and organized resource utilization.
Effect of Intraoperative Blood Loss on Perioperative Complications and Neurological Outcome in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Brain Tumor Surgery
Authors: Rajagopalan Vanitha , Chouhan Rajendra Singh , Pandia Mihir Prakash , Lamsal Ritesh , Rath Girija Prasad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background Major blood loss during neurosurgery can lead to several complications, including life-threatening hemodynamic instabilities. Studies addressing these complications in patients undergoing intracranial tumor surgery are limited.

Materials and Methods During the study period, 456 patients who underwent elective craniotomy for brain tumor excision were categorized into four groups on the basis of estimated intraoperative blood volume loss: Group A (<20%), Group B (20–50%), Group C (>50–100%), and Group D (more than estimated blood volume). The occurrence of various perioperative complications was correlated with these groups to identify if there was any association with the amount of intraoperative blood loss.

Results The average blood volume loss was 11% ± 5.3% in Group A, 29.8% ± 7.9% in Group B, 68.3% ± 13.5% in Group C, and 129.1% ± 23.9% in Group D. Variables identified as risk factors for intraoperative bleeding were female gender (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.008), tumor size >5 cm (p < 0.001), high-grade glioma (p = 0.004), meningioma (p < 0.001), mass effect (p = 0.002), midline shift (p = 0.014), highly vascular tumors documented on preoperative imaging (p < 0.001), extended craniotomy approach (p = 0.002), intraoperative colloids use >1,000 mL (p < 0.001), intraoperative brain bulge (p = 0.03), intraoperative appearance as highly vascular tumor (p < 0.001), and duration of surgery >300 minutes (p < 0.001).

Conclusions Knowledge of these predictors may help anesthesiologists anticipate major blood loss during brain tumor surgery and be prepared to mitigate these complications to improve patient outcome.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio: Can It Be Used as an Adjunct Tool to Predict Histopathological Grade of Brain Tumor?
Authors: Ashwath K. G. , Aggarwal Ashish , Praneeth Kokkula , Singla Navneet , Gupta Kirti 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background Since histopathology is available only after surgery, clinical condition and radiological characters of the tumor are important factors on which a clinician counsels the patient of brain tumor to take a decision regarding the management. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of inflammation can be used as a prognostic marker to predict the survival in high-grade gliomas and metastases. We evaluated the utility of NLR as an adjunct tool in predicting the histopathological grade of brain tumors.

Materials and Methods One hundred sixteen patients with a diagnosis of brain tumors planned for surgical excision or biopsy were enrolled in the study. NLR was estimated in the preoperative blood sample. Patients were grouped into low- and highgrade brain tumors and their mean NLRs were analyzed. Similar evaluation was carried out between the intra- and extra-axial tumors.

Results Mean age of the study group was 40.14 years with 61 males. Seventy-eight patients had low-grade tumor and 38 patients had high-grade tumor. Sixty patients had extra-axial tumors and 56 patients had intra-axial tumors. The mean NLR of low-grade tumors was 1.68 ± 0.53 and that of high-grade tumors was 3.12 ± 0.74. NLR > 2.4 can be used to identify high-grade brain tumors with a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 92%, positive predictive value of 82.1%, negative predictive value of 91%, an excellent impact with likelihood ratio (+) of 10.1, and an odds ratio of 54.1. The mean NLR of extra-axial tumors was 1.68 + 0.62 and that of intra-axial tumors was 2.64 ± 0.91. These observations were statistically significant with p-value < 0.05.

Conclusions NLR is an easily available and inexpensive marker of systemic inflammation, which varies across different histopathological grades of brain tumors. Mean NLR is higher in high-grade tumors and also intra-axial tumors with a cutoff value of NLR > 2.4 and > 2.0, respectively.
Effectiveness of Caregivers’ Yoga Module on Psychological Distress and Mental Well-Being among Caregivers of Patients Admitted to Neurological Rehabilitation Wards of a Tertiary Care Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Authors: Gandhi Sailaxmi , Palled Vinaya Kumar , Sahu Maya , Jagannathan Aarti , Khanna Meeka , Jose Amrutha 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background Caregivers of patients admitted to neurorehabilitation wards may experience higher psychological distress (PD) and poor mental well-being (MWB). This study aimed to empower caregivers to cope effectively with PD and maintain well-being by practicing yoga.

Materials and Methods A total of 34 caregivers were randomized to the experimental group (EG) and waitlisted control group in a multiphase manner. Data were collected using sociodemographic schedule, Kessler’s Psychological Distress scale–10, and Warwick–Edinburgh’s Mental Well-being Scale. Caregivers’ yoga module (CYM) consisting of satsanga (theory), asanas (postures), pranayama (breath control), imagery, meditation, and relaxation techniques was taught to those in the EG at 35 m/d for eight consecutive days. They were encouraged to continue on their own for another 3 weeks. Posttest data were collected from both groups on the 15th and 29th days. Analysis was done with IBM SPSS statistics version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States).

Results There was statistically significant reduction of PD and improvement of MWB among caregivers of EG within (PD: F = 17.78, p < 0.001; MWB: F = 5.48, p < 0.03) and between (PD: F = 15.87, p < 0.001; MWB: F = 15.87, p < 0.01) the groups after the CYM. A significant negative correlation was found between pretest MWB and PD (r =–0.579, p < 0.01). Caregivers who were married and caregivers’ perception of poor improvement of patient condition were significantly associated with PD.

Conclusion Findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of CYM on PD and MWB among caregivers of patients admitted to neurorehabilitation wards.
Within‐sport specialisation and entry age as predictors of success among age group swimmers
Authors: Staub Ilka , Zinner Christoph , Bieder Andreas , Vogt Tobias 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTEarly specialisation versus early diversification in long‐term athlete development remains controversial. Although several parameters of sport specialisation have already been explored, this study investigates within‐sport specialisation in the careers of young swimmers. In this cohort study, the number of strokes, events and distance categories during childhood and adolescence, as well as entry age were analysed to find potential correlations with success at age 18. Also, national team members were compared to non‐members within this cohort. The number of events, strokes or distance categories at a younger age showed a moderate correlation to the best FINA point score at the age of 18, i.e. the greater the diversification, the greater the performance at age 18. The number of events, strokes or distance categories however, showed a stronger correlation when comparing national team members with the non‐members. Most of the observed athletes were more likely to have high FINA points at 18 if they had been listed in the top 100 at 11 years of age. Entry age had a strong negative correlation with the FINA point score at 18, i.e. the younger the athlete when entering the top 100, the higher the FINA point score at 18. When national team members were compared to non‐national team members, early age of entry into the top 100 showed a greater impact on the national team members. However, being listed in more than one stroke as a child correlates well with success at age 18.
Rotating clouds of charged Vlasov matter in general relativity
Authors: Thaller Maximilian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The existence of stationary solutions of the Einstein–Vlasov–Maxwell system which are axially symmetric but not spherically symmetric is proven by means of the implicit function theorem on Banach spaces. The proof relies on the methods of Andréasson et al (2014 Commun. Math. Phys. 329 787–808) where a similar result is obtained for uncharged particles. Among the solutions constructed in this article there are rotating and non-rotating ones. Static solutions exhibit an electric but no magnetic field. In the case of rotating solutions, in addition to the electric field, a purely poloidal magnetic field is induced by the particle current. The existence of toroidal components of the magnetic field turns out to be not possible in this setting.
Inverse problems with partial data for elliptic operators on unbounded Lipschitz domains
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Rohleder Jonathan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor a second order formally symmetric elliptic differential expression we show that the knowledge of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map or Robin-to-Dirichlet map for suitably many energies on an arbitrarily small open subset of the boundary determines the self-adjoint operator with a Dirichlet boundary condition or with a (possibly non-self-adjoint) Robin boundary condition uniquely up to unitary equivalence. These results hold for general Lipschitz domains, which can be unbounded and may have a non-compact boundary, and under weak regularity assumptions on the coefficients of the differential expression.
Ionization of biological molecules by multicharged ions using the stoichiometric model
Authors: Mendez A M P , Montanari C C , Miraglia J E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present work, we investigate the ionization of molecules of biological interest by the impact of multicharged ions in the intermediate to high energy range. We performed full non-perturbative distorted-wave calculations (CDW) for thirty-six collisional systems composed by six atomic targets: H, C, N, O, F, and S—which are the constituents of most of the DNA and biological molecules—and six charged projectiles (antiprotons, H, He, B, C, and O). On account of the radiation damage caused by secondary electrons, we inspect the energy and angular distributions of the emitted electrons from the atomic targets. We examine seventeen molecules: DNA and RNA bases, DNA backbone, pyrimidines, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and C
n
H
n
compounds. We show that the simple stoichiometric model (SSM), which approximates the molecular ionization cross sections as a linear combination of the atomic ones, gives reasonably good results for complex molecules. We also inspect the extensively used Toburen scaling of the total ionization cross sections of molecules with the number of weakly bound electrons. Based on the atomic CDW results, we propose new active electron numbers, which leads to a better universal scaling for all the targets and ions studied here in the intermediate to the high energy region. The new scaling describes well the available experimental data for proton impact, including small molecules. We perform full molecular calculations for five nucleobases and test a modified stoichiometric formula based on the Mulliken charge of the composite atoms. The difference introduced by the new stoichiometric formula is less than 3%, which indicates the reliability of the SSM to deal with this type of molecules. The results of the extensive ion-target examination included in the present study allow us to assert that the SSM and the CDW-based scaling will be useful tools in this area.
A drift-diffusion simulation model for organic field effect transistors: on the importance of the Gaussian density of states and traps
Authors: Darwish Mohammed , Gagliardi Alessio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The nature of charge transport in organic materials depends on several important aspects, such as the description of the density of states, and the charge mobility model. Therefore specific models describing electronic properties of organic semiconductors must be considered. We have used an organic based drift-diffusion model for the electrical characterization of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) utilizing either small molecules or polymers. Furthermore, the effect of interface traps, bulk traps, and fixed charges on transistor characteristics are included and investigated. Finally, simulation results are compared to experimental measurements, and conclusions are drawn out in terms of transistor performance parameters including threshold voltages, and field-dependent mobilities.
Crossover from weak-antilocalization transport to quantum magnetoresistance of Dirac states in quenched Fe0.01Bi2Te3 single crystals with large magnetoresistance and high Hall mobility
Authors: Wang Li-Min , Wang Shuo-Hong , Shen Dong , Yang Tien-Wei , Chen I-Nan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Magnetotransport properties with a large positive magnetoresistance (MR) and a high carrier mobility for applications have been achieved and probed for quenched Fe0.01Bi2Te3 single crystals. Large positive MR of ∼470% with a Hall mobility of ∼44 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 5 K and 6 T has been observed on a quenched Fe0.01Bi2Te3 sample, in which the electrical parameters can be tuned by the quenching temperature T

q
. The MR behaviors for the quenched samples show a crossover from a weak antilocalization-dominant MR to a linear and non-saturating MR at temperatures of T* ≈ 58−100 K, where the large MR at low temperatures possibly originates from the mechanism of topologically protected backscattering. On the contrary, the MR behaviors for the strain-released sample do not show such a distinct crossover, where only linear-like and non-saturating MR behaviors can be observed. Different electrical transports between the quenched and strain-released samples indicate that the band structure, as well as the surface Dirac electrons in Fe0.01Bi2Te3, can be modified by the lattice strain. Furthermore, it is found that the low-temperature magnetoconductivity can be well described by the weak-antilocalization transport formula, while the high-field linear-like MR at T > T* can be explained in terms of Abrikosov’s quantum transport of Dirac-cone states in quenched Fe0.01Bi2Te3 single crystals.
Quantum illumination assistant with error-correcting codes
Authors: Zhang Wen-Zhao , Ma Yu-Han , Chen Jing-Fu , Sun Chang-Pu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We scheme how to enhance the detection ability of quantum target recognition without using entanglement resources. Based on the commonly used error-correcting codes and corresponding decoding method, our scheme gives lower error probability and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in comparison with the conventional entanglement protocols. In addition, we further investigate the interplay between the SNR and the detection efficiency in quantum target recognition. Results show that, they behave a completely reverse trend when increasing the auxiliary dimension. This is an important limiting factor when optimizing the detection process. Under the existing experimental conditions, our protocol has stronger ability to resist environmental noise when keeping a certain SNR and detection efficiency. Our scheme provides a potential platform for further research and implementation of quantum target recognition.
Ion generation and loading of a Penning trap using pulsed laser ablation
Authors: Sameed Muhammed , Maxwell Daniel , Madsen Niels 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We investigated the production of aluminum and beryllium ions via pulsed laser ablation using 355 nm wavelength and 5 ns long laser pulses. The ablation threshold of Al+ and Be+ was measured to be 0.9 ± 0.1 (stat.) ± 0.3 (syst.) J cm−2 and 1.4 ± 0.1 (stat.) ± 0.4 (syst.) J cm−2 respectively. By employing electrostatic retarding potentials, the kinetic energy profile of the ablated ions was characterized as a function of laser fluence. Around the ablation threshold, we reliably produced between 108 and 1010 ions, approximately 5% of which were dynamically trapped in a Penning–Malmberg trap.
Asking Neutrons where they have been
Authors: Sponar St. , Geppert H. , Denkmayr T. , Lemmel H. , Hasegawa Y. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Based on the results of Vaidman’s photonic three-path interferometer experiment with weak path marking [A. Danan, D. Farfurnik, S. Bar-Ad, and L. Vaidman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 240402 (2013)] the authors claim that the photons have discontinuous particle trajectories. Here, we present a neutron optical version of the experiment by Danan et al., where in various beam paths of the interferometer the energy of the neutrons is slightly shifted. This is achieved by using resonance-frequency spin-rotators (SR) operating at different frequencies. The which-way information is derived from the time-dependent intensity, which is considered to result from the interfering cross terms between the stationary main component and the energy-shifted which-way signals. Our statements are based on a simple theoretical model, following the time evolution of the wave function of the neutrons, which clarifies the observation in the framework of standard quantum mechanics and reveals the multifold presence of the neutron’s wave function in the interferometer.
Polarization analysis on the LET cold neutron spectrometer using a 3He spin-filter: first results
Authors: Cassella G , Stewart J R , Paternò G M , García Sakai V , Devonport M , Galsworthy P J , Bewley R I , Voneshen D J , Raspino D , Nilsen G J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We report on the design and construction of a neutron polarization analyzer based on a 3He spin filter for the LET spectrometer at the ISIS facility. Its commissioning completes the uniaxial polarized mode of the instrument. Besides the 3He spin filter cell, the analyzer consists of a set of electromagnetic coils to provide a uniform magnetic field, and a collimator to eliminate background from the sample environment and analyzer infrastructure. The 3He cell is separated from the LET main tank vacuum by means of a gas tank, which permits rapid cell changeovers and guarantees safe operation. In addition to the analyzer hardware, software has been written to reduce and correct polarized data. The successful operation of the polarized mode was realized for the separation of coherent and incoherent dynamics in an organic solar cell polymer blend.
in-situ 3He SEOP polarizer for Thermal neutrons
Authors: Salhi Zahir , Babcock Earl , Bingöl Kendal , Bussmann Klaus , Kammerling Hans , Ossovyi Vladimir , Heynen Achim , Deng Hao , Hutanu Vladimir , Masalovich Sergey , Voigt Jörg , Ioffe Alexander 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this article, we describe a neutron polarizer for a new time-of-flight neutron spectrometer with the polarization analysis TOPAS. This instrument will use the convergent focused incoming beam of thermal neutrons with energies up to 150 meV (wavelength down to 0.74Å). The polarizer employs a high opacity 3He neutron spin filter with continuous 3He polarization provided by two laser array bars frequency narrowed by an ultra-compact volume Bragg grating. The system was successfully prototyped, and tested. In the course of first experimental test at the polarized hot neutron diffractometer POLI at MLZ, neutron polarization of 97.6% was achieved for 0.895Å neutrons and kept constant during 30 days.
Applying Resonant Spin Flippers with Poleshoes and Longitudinal Radio Frequency Fields to Time of Flight MIEZE
Authors: Geerits N. , Parnell S.R. , Thijs M.A. , Bouwman W.G. , Plomp J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A time of flight MIEZE spectrometer study is presented. The instrument uses solenoid radio frequency (RF) spin flippers with square pole shoes and a magnetic yoke. These flippers can achieve higher static fields than conventional resonant RF spin flippers, which employ an air core. High fields are crucial for the construction of a high resolution and compact MIEZE spectrometer. Using both types of flippers two MIEZE spectrometer configurations are constructed and compared on the same beam line. It was demonstrated that the pole shoe/solenoid coil RF flippers can achieve a MIEZE signal, which is similar in quality to the conventional reference setup. The highest obtained modulation frequency was 100 kHz.