bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal-level factors associated with the achievement of desirable specifications in Irish beef carcasses graded using the EUROP classification system
Authors: Kenny David , Murphy Craig P , Sleator Roy D , Judge Michelle M , Evans Ross D , Berry Donagh P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Beef carcasses in Europe are classified on measures of carcass weight, conformation, and fat cover. These measurements provide the basis for payment to producers, with financial penalties for carcasses that do not conform to desirable characteristics. The objective of the present study was to identify animal-level factors associated with the achievement of a desirable carcass weight, conformation score, fat score, and age at harvest, as stipulated by Irish beef processors in accordance with the EUROP carcass classification system. The stipulated specifications were a EUROP conformation score ≥O=, a carcass weight between 270 and 380 kg, a EUROP fat score between 2+ and 4=, and an age at harvest ≤ 30 mo. In the present study, 59% of cattle failed to achieve at least one of these desired specifications. The logit of the probability of achieving the desired specifications was estimated using multivariable logistic regression and carcass data from 4,717,989 cattle finished and harvested in Ireland between the years 2003 and 2017. In comparison to beef-origin carcasses and after accounting for breed differences, the likelihood of dairy-origin carcasses achieving the desired age, conformation, fat, and weight specifications was 0.97, 0.88, 1.14, and 1.05, respectively. In comparison to heifer carcasses, the odds ratio (OR) of bull and steer carcasses simultaneously achieving all of the desired specifications (i.e. the overall specification) was 0.35 and 0.95, respectively. Additionally, after accounting for breed differences, heifers from the dairy herd were half as likely as heifers from the beef herd to achieve the overall specification, whereas the odds of dairy-origin bulls (OR = 3.46) and steers (OR = 2.41) achieving the overall specification was greater than that of their respective beef-origin counterparts. Finally, cattle with a greater breed proportion of Angus were most likely to achieve the overall specification. Results from the present study could provide a deeper understanding as to why animals fail to achieve desirable carcass specifications and could be implemented into the management decisions made on farm to ensure that the supply of beef carcasses that achieve the desired metrics is maximized.
Stability analysis of nanobeams in hygrothermal environment based on a nonlocal strain gradient Timoshenko beam model under nonlinear thermal field
Authors: Jena Subrat Kumar , Chakraverty S , Malikan Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article is dedicated to analyzing the buckling behavior of nanobeam subjected to hygrothermal environments based on the principle of the Timoshenko beam theory. The hygroscopic environment has been considered as a linear stress field model, while the thermal environment is assumed to be a nonlinear stress field based on the Murnaghan model. The size-dependent effect of the nanobeam is captured by the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT), and the governing equations of the proposed model have been derived by implementing a variational principle. The critical buckling loads have been calculated for the hinged–hinged boundary condition by incorporating the Navier approach and considering other elasticity theories such as classical elasticity theory, Eringen nonlocal elasticity theory, and strain gradient theory along with the NSGT. The present model is also validated with the pre-existing model in exceptional cases. Further, a parametric investigation has been performed to report the influence of various scaling parameters like hygroscopic environment, thermal environment, length-to-diameter ratio, small scale parameter, and length scale parameter on critical buckling loads by considering both the linear and nonlinear temperature distributions.
Weeping in Modern Jihadi Groups
Authors: Hegghammer Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Abstract This article, using a wide range of primary sources, describes the practice of weeping (bukā) in contemporary jihadi groups. It shows that weeping is widespread and encouraged in militant Islamist groups such as al-Qaida and Islamic State. Modern jihadis weep in at least six main types of situations: during prayer, during sermons, when listening to hymns, pre- and post-combat, on losing comrades, and upon seeing civilian Muslim suffering. Weeping is socially appreciated; it often happens in groups, it is rewarded with praise and honorifics, and it is advertised in propaganda. Weeping for more mundane reasons is also reported, but not similarly valued. The findings add to other recent evidence suggesting modern jihadis are influenced by Sufism. Today's weeping practices also suggest a long historical association in Islam between asceticism and military jihad going back to eighth-century warrior-ascetics such as Ibn al-Mubārak (d. 797 Ce).
Massive hemoptysis resulting from a fistula between the bronchus intermedius and pulmonary artery: a novel clinical presentation
Authors: Yee Gabrielle , Hall John D , Hampton William R , Yendamuri Sai , Xu Bo , Dexter Elizabeth U 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This is a case of a woman with massive hemoptysis, associated with a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm, and a fistula between the right pulmonary artery and bronchus intermedius. Bronchoscopic evaluation revealed an endobronchial mass in the right bronchus intermedius, suspicious for a tumor. Upon biopsy of the mass, massive bleeding occurred. The right lung was surgically resected. No specific etiology for the fistula was identified on pathologic examination. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pulmonary artery-bronchial fistula presenting without typically known predisposing factors.
The ASAS-SN catalogue of variable stars – VIII. ‘Dipper’ stars in the Lupus star-forming region
Authors: Bredall J W , Shappee B J , Gaidos E , Jayasinghe T , Vallely P , Stanek K Z , Kochanek C S , Gagné J , Hart K , Holoien T W-S , Prieto J L , Van Saders J 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Some young stellar objects such as T Tauri-like ‘dipper’ stars vary due to transient partial occultation by circumstellar dust, and observations of this phenomenon inform us of conditions in the planet-forming zones close to these stars. Although many dipper stars have been identified with space missions such as Kepler/K2, ground-based telescopes offer longer term and multiwavelength perspectives. We identified 11 dipper stars in the Lupus star-forming region in data from the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN), and further characterized these using observations by the Las Cumbres Global Observatory Telescope (LCOGT) and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), as well as archival data from other missions. Dipper stars were identified from a catalogue of nearby young stars and selected based on the statistical significance, asymmetry, and quasi-periodicity or aperiodicity of variability in their ASAS-SN light curves. All 11 stars lie above or redwards of the zero-age main sequence and have infrared (IR) excesses indicating the presence of full circumstellar discs. We obtain reddening–extinction relations for the variability of seven stars using our combined ASAS-SN-TESS and LCOGT photometry. In all cases, the slopes are below the ISM value, suggesting larger grains, and we find a tentative relation between the slope (grain size) and the $K_\text{s}-[22 \, \mu \text{m}]$ IR colour regarded as a proxy for disc evolutionary state.
Swarm of fragments from the Tunguska event
Authors: Gladysheva Olga G 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe Tunguska event took place on 1908 June 30. It was accompanied by an abnormal effect on the Earth's atmosphere, manifesting itself through ‘white nights’. These nights were associated with a dispersion of cosmic matter and the formation of a field of noctilucent clouds with a uniquely large size of over 10 million km2. However, overall, the cosmic matter was scattered over a territory of around 18 million km2. The most likely cause of the Tunguska event was the flux of fragments from the broken-up cometary object. The destruction of the cosmic body over Siberia, according to local inhabitants, was marked by numerous sound phenomena. After analysing eyewitness accounts, we can conclude that there were at least two major objects at the Tunguska event. The largest object exploded over the Taiga and caused damage to the forest. In addition, there were several dozen fragments of around 10 m in size, as well as many fragments of a smaller size.
Testing the relativistic Doppler boost hypothesis for the binary candidate quasar PG1302-102 with multiband Swift data
Authors: Xin Chengcheng , Charisi Maria , Haiman Zoltán , Schiminovich David , Graham Matthew J , Stern Daniel , D’Orazio Daniel J 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The bright quasar PG1302-102 has been identified as a candidate supermassive black hole binary from its near-sinusoidal optical variability. While the significance of its optical periodicity has been debated due to the stochastic variability of quasars, its multiwavelength variability in the ultraviolet (UV) and optical bands is consistent with relativistic Doppler boost caused by the orbital motion in a binary. However, this conclusion was based previously on sparse UV data that were not taken simultaneously with the optical data. Here, we report simultaneous follow-up observations of PG1302-102 with the Ultraviolet Optical Telescope on the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory in six optical + UV bands. The additional nine Swift observations produce light curves roughly consistent with the trend under the Doppler boost hypothesis, which predicts that UV variability should track the optical, but with a ∼2.2 times higher amplitude. We perform a statistical analysis to quantitatively test this hypothesis. We find that the data are consistent with the Doppler boost hypothesis when we compare the the amplitudes in optical B-band and UV light curves. However, the ratio of UV to V-band variability is larger than expected and is consistent with the Doppler model, only if either the UV/optical spectral slopes vary, the stochastic variability makes a large contribution in the UV, or the sparse new optical data underestimate the true optical variability. We have evidence for the latter from comparison with the optical light curve from All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae. Additionally, the simultaneous analysis of all four bands strongly disfavours the Doppler boost model whenever Swift V band is involved. Additional, simultaneous optical + UV observations tracing out another cycle of the 5.2-yr proposed periodicity should lead to a definitive conclusion.
The impact of projection effects on cluster observables: stacked lensing and projected clustering
Authors: Sunayama Tomomi , Park Youngsoo , Takada Masahiro , Kobayashi Yosuke , Nishimichi Takahiro , Kurita Toshiki , More Surhud , Oguri Masamune , Osato Ken 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
An optical cluster finder inevitably suffers from projection effects, where it misidentifies a superposition of galaxies in multiple haloes along the line of sight as a single cluster. Using mock cluster catalogues built from cosmological N-body simulations, we quantify the impact of these projection effects with a particular focus on the observables of interest for cluster cosmology, namely the cluster-lensing and the cluster-clustering signals. We find that ‘observed’ clusters, i.e. clusters identified by our cluster finder algorithm, exhibit lensing and clustering signals that deviate from expectations based on a statistically isotropic halo model – while both signals agree with halo model expectations on small scales, they show unexpected boosts on large scales by up to a factor of 1.2 or 1.4, respectively. We identify the origin of these boosts as the inherent selection bias of optical cluster finders for clusters embedded within filaments aligned with the line of sight and show that a minority ($\sim 30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) of such clusters within the entire sample is responsible for this observed boost. We discuss the implications of our results on previous studies of optical cluster, as well as prospects for identifying and mitigating projection effects in future cluster cosmology analyses.
The GALAH survey: a new constraint on cosmological lithium and Galactic lithium evolution from warm dwarf stars
Authors: Gao Xudong , Lind Karin , Amarsi Anish M , Buder Sven , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Campbell Simon W , Asplund Martin , Casey Andrew R , De Silva Gayandhi M , Freeman Ken C , Hayden Michael R , Lewis Geraint F , Martell Sarah L , Simpson Jeffrey D , Sharma Sanjib , Zucker Daniel B , Zwitter Tomaž , Horner Jonathan , Munari Ulisse , Nordlander Thomas , Stello Dennis , Ting Yuan-Sen , Traven Gregor , Wittenmyer Robert A ,   the GALAH Collaboration
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Lithium depletion and enrichment in the cosmos is not yet well understood. To help tighten constraints on stellar and Galactic evolution models, we present the largest high-resolution analysis of Li abundances A(Li) to date, with results for over $100\, 000$ GALAH (Galactic Archeology with HERMES) field stars spanning effective temperatures $5900\, \mathrm{K} \lesssim T_{\mathrm{eff}}\lesssim 7000\, \mathrm{K}$ and metallicities −3 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ +0.5. We separated these stars into two groups, on the warm and cool sides of the so-called Li dip, a localized region of the Kiel diagram wherein lithium is severely depleted. We discovered that stars in these two groups show similar trends in the A(Li)–[Fe/H] plane, but with a roughly constant offset in A(Li) of $0.4\, \mathrm{dex}$, the warm group having higher Li abundances. At $\rm [Fe/H]\gtrsim -0.5$, a significant increase in Li abundance with increasing metallicity is evident in both groups, signalling the onset of significant Galactic production. At lower metallicity, stars in the cool group sit on the Spite plateau, showing a reduced lithium of around $0.4\, \mathrm{dex}$ relative to the primordial value predicted from big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). However, stars in the warm group between [Fe/H] = −1.0 and −0.5 form an elevated plateau that is largely consistent with the BBN prediction. This may indicate that these stars in fact preserve the primordial Li produced in the early Universe.
Rational design of antisense oligonucleotides modulating the activity of TLR7/8 agonists
Authors: Alharbi Arwaf S , Garcin Aurélie J , Lennox Kim A , Pradeloux Solène , Wong Christophe , Straub Sarah , Valentin Roxane , Pépin Geneviève , Li Hong-Mei , Nold Marcel F , Nold-Petry Claudia A , Behlke Mark A , Gantier Michael P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics have become a reality, and are set to transform management of many diseases. Nevertheless, the modulatory activities of these molecules on immune responses remain incompletely defined. Here, we show that gene targeting 2′-O-methyl (2′OMe) gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can have opposing activities on Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8), leading to divergent suppression of TLR7 and activation of TLR8, in a sequence-dependent manner. Surprisingly, TLR8 potentiation by the gapmer ASOs was blunted by locked nucleic acid (LNA) and 2′-methoxyethyl (2′MOE) modifications. Through a screen of 192 2′OMe ASOs and sequence mutants, we characterized the structural and sequence determinants of these activities. Importantly, we identified core motifs preventing the immunosuppressive activities of 2′OMe ASOs on TLR7. Based on these observations, we designed oligonucleotides strongly potentiating TLR8 sensing of Resiquimod, which preserve TLR7 function, and promote strong activation of phagocytes and immune cells. We also provide proof-of-principle data that gene-targeting ASOs can be selected to synergize with TLR8 agonists currently under investigation as immunotherapies, and show that rational ASO selection can be used to prevent unintended immune suppression of TLR7. Taken together, our work characterizes the immumodulatory effects of ASOs to advance their therapeutic development.
Disease-associated DNA2 nuclease–helicase protects cells from lethal chromosome under-replication
Authors: Falquet Benoît , Ölmezer Gizem , Enkner Franz , Klein Dominique , Challa Kiran , Appanah Rowin , Gasser Susan M , Rass Ulrich 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDNA2 is an essential nuclease–helicase implicated in DNA repair, lagging-strand DNA synthesis, and the recovery of stalled DNA replication forks (RFs). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dna2Δ inviability is reversed by deletion of the conserved helicase PIF1 and/or DNA damage checkpoint-mediator RAD9. It has been suggested that Pif1 drives the formation of long 5′-flaps during Okazaki fragment maturation, and that the essential function of Dna2 is to remove these intermediates. In the absence of Dna2, 5′-flaps are thought to accumulate on the lagging strand, resulting in DNA damage-checkpoint arrest and cell death. In line with Dna2’s role in RF recovery, we find that the loss of Dna2 results in severe chromosome under-replication downstream of endogenous and exogenous RF-stalling. Importantly, unfaithful chromosome replication in Dna2-mutant cells is exacerbated by Pif1, which triggers the DNA damage checkpoint along a pathway involving Pif1’s ability to promote homologous recombination-coupled replication. We propose that Dna2 fulfils its essential function by promoting RF recovery, facilitating replication completion while suppressing excessive RF restart by recombination-dependent replication (RDR) and checkpoint activation. The critical nature of Dna2’s role in controlling the fate of stalled RFs provides a framework to rationalize the involvement of DNA2 in Seckel syndrome and cancer.
P1869COFFEE INTAKE AND HEADACHE IN HAEMODIALYSIS (COFFEEHD TRIAL): A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLIND MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Aoun Mabel , Hilal Najla , Chadia Beaini , Sleilaty Ghassan , Hajal Joseph , Boueri Celine , Nehme Chelala Dania 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Coffee with its major component caffeine can enhance alertness and decrease tiredness and headache. Headache was reported in 40 to 75 % of hemodialysis patients. Caffeine circulates unbound in the blood and passes the dialysis membrane. Some authors suggested that headache can result from caffeine withdrawal. This study aims to compare the incidence of headache and hypotension between patients taking or not coffee during dialysis.

Method
This is a randomized double-blind multicenter trial. Patients of three hemodialysis units were included. Patients with atrial fibrillation were excluded. 156 patients were randomized to two groups, group A was given 80 cc of coffee and group B 80 cc of decaffeinated coffee in the middle of the session for 12 consecutive sessions. Ultrafiltration rate was fixed to a maximum of 13 ml/kg/h. The primary outcome was the incidence of headache and the secondary incidence of hypotension. This clinical trial received the approval of the ethics committee of Saint-Joseph University (HDF-1463) and was registered on ClinicalTrials.Gov (NCT04057313).

Results
A total of 139 patients completed the trial (6.4% vs 15.4 % of withdrawal in groups A and B respectively). Baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 1. The number of sessions with headache was not significantly different between group A and B (34% vs 37% respectively, p=0.522), nor the number of sessions with hypotension (27% vs 26% respectively, p= 0.539). In a subgroup analysis, headache was higher in group B (p=0.06) in two categories of patients: those with the highest potassium dialysate (K=2) and the non-hypertensive patients.

Conclusion
Headache occurred in 34 to 37% of dialysis sessions. There was no difference in headache or hypotensive episodes between patients in the coffee versus decaffeinated group.
LB002ILLUMINATE-A, A PHASE 3 STUDY OF LUMASIRAN, AN INVESTIGATIONAL RNAI THERAPEUTIC, IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH PRIMARY HYPEROXALURIA TYPE 1 (PH1)
Authors: Garrelfs Sander , Frishberg Yaacov , Hulton Sally , Koren Michael , O'Riordan William , Cochat Pierre , Deschenes Georges , Shasha-Lavsky Hadas , Saland Jeffrey , Van't Hoff William , Fuster Daniel Guido , Magen Daniella , Moochhala Shabbir , Schalk Gesa , Simkova Eva , Groothoff Jaap , Sas David , Meliambro Kristin , Lu Jiandong , Garg Pushkal , Gansner John , McGregor Tracy , Lieske John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
PH1 is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hepatic oxalate overproduction, leading to recurrent kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, progressive kidney failure, and multiorgan damage from systemic oxalosis. There are no approved pharmacologic therapies for PH1. Lumasiran is a subcutaneously-administered investigational RNAi therapeutic that targets glycolate oxidase to reduce hepatic oxalate production. We report the first results from the six-month, double-blind period of ILLUMINATE-A, a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 3 study to evaluate lumasiran in patients with PH1.

Method
Key inclusion criteria: age≥6 years, 24hr urinary oxalate (UOx)≥0.70 mmol/24hr/1.73m2, confirmed PH1 diagnosis, eGFR≥30 mL/min/1.73m2. Randomization: 2:1; lumasiran (n=26), placebo (n=13). Dosing: 3 mg/kg monthly×3, then quarterly. Primary endpoint: percent change in 24hr UOx excretion from baseline to month (M) 6. Primary comparison: least square (LS) mean treatment difference in percent change from baseline (average of M3-6).

Results
Lumasiran led to a statistically significant percent reduction in 24hr UOx excretion compared to placebo: the LS mean change from baseline to M6 (average of M3-6) was −65.4% with lumasiran and −11.8% with placebo (LS mean difference: −53.5%; p=1.7 × 10−14). Subgroup analyses of the primary endpoint showed a consistent effect of lumasiran across age, baseline UOx, eGFR, and concomitant pyridoxine use. Lumasiran led to statistically significant improvements in all hierarchically tested secondary endpoints, including: proportion of lumasiran-treated patients that achieved normalization or near-normalization of 24hr UOx at M6 (84% vs 0% of placebo-treated patients, p=8.3 × 10−7), and percent change in plasma oxalate from baseline to M6 (average of months 3-6) (-39.5%, p=2.9 × 10−8). There were no serious or severe adverse events. The most common adverse events related to lumasiran were mild, transient injection site reactions.

Conclusion
Lumasiran resulted in clinically meaningful, rapid, sustained, and statistically significant reductions in urinary and plasma oxalate levels compared to placebo during the six-month double-blind period. Lumasiran has a favorable safety profile.
Rat-Bite Fever in the United States: An Analysis Using Multiple National Data Sources, 2001–2015
Authors: Kache Pallavi A , Person Marissa K , Seeman Sara M , McQuiston John R , McCollum Jeffrey , Traxler Rita M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRat-bite fever is a rare disease associated with rat bites or direct/indirect rodent contact.MethodsWe examined rat-bite fever and rat-bite injury diagnoses in the United States during 2001–2015. We analyzed national, state, and Indian Health Service healthcare encounter datasets for rat-bite fever and rat-bite injury diagnoses. We calculated average-annual encounter rates per 1 000 000 persons.ResultsNationally, the rat-bite fever Emergency Department visit rate was 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19–0.47) and the hospitalization rate was 0.20 (95% CI, 0.17–0.24). The rat-bite injury Emergency Department visit rate was 10.51 (95% CI, 10.13–10.88) and the hospitalization rate was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.23–0.30). The Indian Health Service Emergency Department/outpatient visit rate was 3.00 for rat-bite fever and 18.89 for rat-bite injury. The majority of rat-bite fever encounters were among individuals 0–19 years of age.ConclusionsOur results support the literature that rat-bite fever is rare and affects children and young adults. Targeted education could benefit specific risk groups.