bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ Resistance Behaviors: What Do Turkish Primary Teachers Face?
Authors: Sarı Mediha , Yolcu Ece 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Students could react to the learning activities, teachers, or administrators knowingly and willfully, many times intentionally by resisting in various ways. A detailed analysis of this definition indicates that unlike naughty behaviors, resistance behaviors do not develop suddenly, they are often planned beforehand by the student, and they contain some messages to the person or institution they are directed at. These kinds of behaviors could have negative effects not only on students’ academic, social, and psychological development but also on teachers’ professional satisfaction. Therefore, these issues should be elaborated carefully. However, despite the importance indicated in the literature, students’ resistance behaviors are one of the neglected issues that are not investigated adequately. With reference to this need, the presented study aims to identify perceptions of primary school teachers about students’ resistance behaviors.

Methods:
The participants were 152 primary school teachers. Data were collected through the Student Resistance Behaviors Scale for Teachers (SRBS-T) and Teacher Interview Form. In addition to descriptive statistics, data were analyzed using t-test and one-way ANOVA. Also, a qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted regarding qualitative data of the study.

Results:
Results show that the mean scores for SRBS were “medium” on a 5-point Likert scale. While teachers’ perceptions about resistance behaviors showed no significant differences according to gender and the type of school they graduated from, scores showed significant differences in terms of teachers’ years of seniority. According to the teachers, the most encountered resistant behaviors were gathered under the themes of resistance to teacher authority and hostile attitudes towards the teacher/peers.

Discussion:
Through discussion, the results obtained by the scale and interviews were discussed. All the findings showed that teachers are important receivers of resistance behaviors and they are facing with different types of resistance in the classroom.

Limitations:
It is obvious that these results were limited to the reached primary school teachers. Another limitation was that the data within the study collected via SRBS-T and interviews.

Conclusions:
The study showed that teachers and students are the key components of the educational process and students could show resistance to both the process and teachers in different ways. As this study only focused on primary teachers’ experiences, more studies could be organized through understanding the resistance middle and high school teachers face with as well. Further research could be conducted with students to see how they feel and behave when they feel resistance as well as with other teachers working at various levels of education and in various institutions.
Legal Framework for the Training of Health Care Specialists in the Health Care System of Lithuania to Work with the Disabled
Authors: Ratkevičienė Milda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Health care is one of the most important fields not only in individual countries, but globally as well, yet it remains one of the most sensitive topics, too. Global organisations have calculated that one out of seven residents around the world has some sort of disability. It is very likely that due to various processes, the number of people with disabilities will increase. Therefore, the world in general and each country in particular, Lithuania included, faces a great challenge: to ensure suitable and high-quality accessibility to health care services for the disabled. Each country must have clear political guidelines and strategies how to ensure training of health care specialists qualified and able to carry out their tasks when working with the disabled. Therefore, this article analyses global trends of training specialists to work with the disabled and legal basis of such specialist training in Lithuania.

Methods:
This article features analysis of scientific literary sources and legal documents.

Results:
International and national Lithuanian documents have clearly established that people with disabilities have equal rights to health care services like the rest of the population without any reservations, so this norm must be established adhering to the principles of accessibility, suitability and universality, and which basically should be ensured by health care specialists. However, document analysis has revealed that documents governing the training of health care specialists in Lithuania and processes related to it pay little attention to the training of future health care specialists to work with the disabled, while descriptions of some specific areas of studies, e.g. dentistry, pharmacy, etc. designed to train health care specialists do no address the work with the disabled at all.

Discussion and conclusions:
Analysis has revealed that institutions of higher education in Lithuania that train health care specialists are not legally entitled to, other requirements aside, to focus the study process on the work with the disabled. Therefore, it begs the question whether such specialists are actually ready to implement the requirements guiding the provision of health care services and ensure top-quality and proper provision of services to all members of the society, irrespective of their special needs, disabilities, etc. Therefore, this article can serve as a basis for further research related to the training of health care specialists to work with the disabled in order to identify what practice is applied in this area in other countries, as well as to ensure it internationally, what are the options and means required to implement it and how to improve the training of health care specialists as much as possible to work with the disabled ensuring the quality of health care in particular and their life in general.
Socio-Cultural Based Learning Module for Critical Thinking Ability in Elementary School: Systematic Search
Authors: Amalia Sholihati , Wuryandani Wuri 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
The purpose of this article is to examine the use of socio-cultural based learning modules for developing critical thinking skills in elementary school children.

Methods:
This article is a systematic review that collects data from relevant indexed journals.

Results:
The findings are discussed in theoretical studies so as to produce conclusions. Well-structured socio-cultural modules can provide many benefits for students, namely for students who are actively involved in learning activities, and they can also attract students’ to be involved in learning activities.

Conclusions:
The application of socio-cultural learning helps students in learn about their own culture, which can develop students’ character. These findings provide input for future research needed to develop socio-cultural based learning modules for the critical thinking needs of elementary school children.
Formal concept analysis for amino acids classification and visualization
Authors: Telcian Adrian-Sorin , Cristea Daniela-Maria , Sima Ioan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Formal concept analysis (FCA) is a method based on lattice theory, widely used for data visualization, data analysis and knowledge discovery. Amino acids (AAs) are chemical molecules that constitute the proteins. In this paper is presented a new and easy way of visualizing of the structure and properties of AAs. In addition, we performed a new Hydrophobic-Polar classification of AAs using FCA. For this, the 20 proteinogenic AAs were clustered, classified by hydrophobicity and visualized in Hasse-diagrams. Exploring and processing the dataset was done with Elba and ToscanaJ, some FCA tools and Conceptual Information System (CIS).
Word pattern prediction using Big Data frameworks
Authors: Szabari Bence , Kiss Attila 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Using software applications or services, which provide word or even word pattern recommendation service has become part of our lives. Those services appear in many form in our daily basis, just think of our smartphones keyboard, or Google search suggestions and this list can be continued. With the help of these tools, we can not only find the suitable word that fits into our sentence, but we can also express ourselves in a much more nuanced, diverse way. To achieve this kind of recommendation service, we use an algorithm which is capable to recommend word by word pattern queries. Word pattern queries, can be expressed as a combination of words, part-of-speech (POS) tags and wild card words. Since there are a lot of possible patterns and sentences, we use Big Data frameworks to handle this large amount of data. In this paper, we compared two popular framework Hadoop and Spark with the proposed algorithm and recommend some enhancement to gain faster word pattern generation.
Metric and upper dimension of zero divisor graphs associated to commutative rings
Authors: Pirzada S. , Aijaz M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring with Z*(R) as the set of non-zero zero divisors. The zero divisor graph of R, denoted by Γ(R), is the graph whose vertex set is Z*(R), where two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy = 0. In this paper, we investigate the metric dimension dim(Γ(R)) and upper dimension dim+(Γ(R)) of zero divisor graphs of commutative rings. For zero divisor graphs Γ(R) associated to finite commutative rings R with unity 1 ≠ 0, we conjecture that dim+(Γ(R)) = dim(Γ(R)), with one exception that

R
≅
Π

𝕑

2
n

{\rm{R}} \cong \Pi {\rm\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\rm{n}}

, n ≥ 4. We prove that this conjecture is true for several classes of rings. We also provide combinatorial formulae for computing the metric and upper dimension of zero divisor graphs of certain classes of commutative rings besides giving bounds for the upper dimension of zero divisor graphs of rings.
On weak (σ, δ)-rigid rings over Noetherian rings
Authors: Bhat Vijay Kumar , Singh Pradeep , Sharma Sunny 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Let R be a Noetherian integral domain which is also an algebra over ℚ (ℚ is the field of rational numbers). Let σ be an endo-morphism of R and δ a σ-derivation of R. We recall that a ring R is a weak (σ, δ)-rigid ring if a(σ(a)+ δ(a)) ∈ N(R) if and only if a ∈ N(R) for a ∈ R (N(R) is the set of nilpotent elements of R). With this we prove that if R is a Noetherian integral domain which is also an algebra over ℚ, σ an automorphism of R and δ a σ-derivation of R such that R is a weak (σ, δ)-rigid ring, then N(R) is completely semiprime.
Is there any association between manganese level and schizophrenia? - a descriptive review
Authors: Juchnowicz Dariusz , Karakuła Kaja Hanna , Sitarz Elżbieta , Forma Alicja , Padała Olga , Ryczkowski Aleksander Janusz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Manganese has a role in the membrane transport systems, synthesis of protein, vitamin C, and vitamins B, catalysis of hematopoiesis, regulation of the endocrine, immune system, blood sugar, reproduction, digestion, and blood coagulation. Furthermore, the level of manganese concentrations in human body appears to affect the occurrence of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to search for relationships between the manganese level and the onset of schizophrenia.

Material and methods: A descriptive review was performed based on a literature search on Medline and Google scholar from 2003 to 2020, using keywords: schizophrenia, manganese, Mn. The included studies were meta-analyses, case-control studies, and cohort studies that examined differences in manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Result: Eight studies were selected for the review, with one reporting elevated levels of manganese, two showing no significant differences, and the rest including two meta-analyses stating lower manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with controls.

Conclusion: In most of the researched studies, manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia were lower than in control groups, but not all of them reached the same conclusions. The relationship between manganese levels and schizophrenia must be further investigated.
Is Environmental Racism Truly Racist?
Authors: Čechmánek Kristián 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper aims to critically analyse the theory of environmental racism as a part of the concept of environmental justice in order to point out possible overuse of the term racism. Through theoretical analysis, the author tries to prove that labelling any negative impacts of the environmental burden on racial or ethnic minorities with racism is an unnecessary overwork which moreover might be, according to available data, inconsistent with reality.
Legal Instruments to Support Local Food Systems in Italian Law
Authors: Kapała Anna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the discussion is an attempt to determine in what forms, which meet the criteria of local food systems (LFS), it is possible under Italian law to sell agri-food products by the farmer who is their producer. These forms imply a direct sale, or with the participation of at most one intermediary, to the final consumer, in close geographical distance between the place of production and sale. The analysis showed that Italian legislator, national and regional, provides for many instruments that are crucial in creating LFS, such as direct sales of agri-food products, farmers’ markets reserved only for the local farmers; the sale of meals consisting of the farmer’s products at the agritourism; wine routes; regional designation “products from zero kilometres”, emphasizing the geographical proximity between the place of manufacture and the place of sale; as well as a support for the social initiatives such as Solidarity Purchasing Groups.
Agri-Food Chain – Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Schwarcz Pavol , Floriš Norbert , Schwarczová Loreta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Agri–food sector is one of the biggest and most supported economic sectors in the EU. It is a key sector for sustainable economic development and food safety and security. The EU Common Agricultural Policy (hereinafter CAP) is its backbone – it helps farmers with income support and market measures on the one hand and, on the other hand, it ensures sustainable rural development in individual EU countries. Despite of the huge support agricultural sectors in Member States are facing serious problems – in Slovakia it is especially the low level of domestic agricultural production, low quality of food products, high unemployment rate especially among young people, ageing of population and abandonment of rural areas. Looking for solutions for these problems mentioned there is a great challenge for relevant public authorities and for the academic sector, as well. Based on these facts the initiative to submit a project proposal has arisen within the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence – which would respond on challenges in this field. The project (Centre of Excellence for European Agri-Food Chain – CEEAG 611446-EPP-1-2019-1-SK-EPPJMO-CoE) has been granted and its main focus will start from important and irreplaceable role of agriculture and food industry in national economies of (not only) Member States via ensuring their food security under conditions given by the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) – one of the most supported policies in the EU.
Probiotic bacteria can modulate murine macrophage’s superoxide production in Trichinella spiralis infection
Authors: Vargová M. , Hurníková Z. , Revajová V. , Lauková A. , Dvorožňáková E. 
Published: August 2020

Summary
The effect of probiotic strains (Enterococcus faecium EF55, E. faecium CCM7420, E. faecium CCM8558, E. durans ED26E/7, Lactobacillus fermentum CCM7421, L. plantarum 17L/1) on the production of superoxide anion (O2
-) in peritoneal macrophages of Trichinella spiralis infected mice was examined. E. faecium EF55 and E. faecium CCM8558 strains increased the O2
-production prior to parasitic infection,at the day7of application.A significant inhibition of the O2
- production caused by T. spiralis infection on day 5 post infection (p.i.) was prevented by all examined strains. Lactobacilli stimulated metabolic activity of macrophages during intestinal and early muscular phase (from day 5 to 25 p.i.) of trichinellosis. Enterococci increased the O2
- production in early intestinal phase (day 5 p.i.) and during the muscular phase of trichinellosis (days 25 and 32 p.i.). Respected increase in macrophage’s metabolic activity induced by probiotic treatment in the intestinal phase of trichinellosis augmented the host antiparasite defence (damage and killing of newborn larvae with reactive oxygen species from macrophages).
A comparative study of different immunoassays to detect specific antibodies to Echinococcus spp. in human sera
Authors: Fecková M. , Antolová D. , Reiterová K. 
Published: August 2020

Summary
Human echinococcosis, one of the most serious of parasitic zoonoses, is caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. The study aimed to assess the reliability of the detection of specific antibodies to E. multilocularis and E. granulosus s.l. in human sera and to compare their diagnostic potential for their utilization in the practice. In the study, the somatic antigen of E. multilocularis (AgEm), antigen B (AgB), and the hydatid fluid antigen of E. granulosus and two commercial ELISA kits – Echinococcus granulosus (Bordier Affinity Products, Crissier, Switzerland) and NovaLisaTM
Echinococcus IgG (NovaTec Immunodiagnostica, Germany) – were compared. Sera of patients with alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, and with different parasitic/other infections were used to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and cross-reactivity of in-house and commercial ELISA methods. AgEm presented the highest values regarding the diagnostic indicators, showing 100 % specificity and 90.0 % sensitivity. The tests for serological diagnostics of cystic echinococcosis were less sensitive and specific. The Echinococcus granulosus kit had 83.8 % specificity and 88.2 % sensitivity, while AgB and AgHF showed 85.0 % and 86.3 % specificity, and 76.5 % and 100 % sensitivity, respectively. NovaLisaTM
Echinococcus IgG proved to have 95.7 % specificity and 77.8 % sensitivity. The results point out that the combination of different serological tests and approaches in accordance with clinical and imaging findings is still essential to prove the correct diagnosis in suspected patients.
Description of the egg and larva of Raillietiella mottae (Pentastomida: Raillietiellidae)
Authors: Do Nascimento J. M. , De Araújo-Filho J. A. , Sampaio N. K. S. , Brito S. V. , Almeida W. O. 
Published: August 2020

Summary
In the current study, the structural characteristics of the egg and larva of the pentastomid Raillietiella mottae (Almeida, Freire, & Lopes 2008), are described and compared with those of other pentastomids. The eggs and larvae were obtained from lizards Phyllopezus periosus (Rodrigues 1986) and Phyllopezus pollicaris (Spix 1825) which were collected in the environmental protection area of Cachoeira de Missão Velha, Ceará state, northeastern Brazil (7° 13’ S; 39° 08’ W). Following collection, the specimens were transported to the Laboratorio de Zoologia (LZ-URCA) and deposited in terrariums to obtain the feces, which were collected and analyzed for the presence of pentastomid eggs. The eggs found were typical of the genus Raillietiella, differing from those of other genera due to the lack of an outer fl exible membrane. The larva had two pairs of limbs, each with a pair of terminal hooks. The limbs were unsegmented, ventrally curved, and supported by conical muscle structures with visible segmentation. The tail was bifurcate, and each section had a terminal bristle. Information on egg and larval morphology can be useful in the identification of genera and species. The current study provides a description of the eggs and embryos of a Pentastomida species from the Neotropical Region.
The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among Kosovar and Serbian school-children in Kosovo
Authors: Korzeniewski K. , Lass A. , Augustynowicz A. , Konior M. 
Published: August 2020

Summary
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of species of intestinal parasites in the Balkans on the example of Kosovar and Serbian residents from the region of Gnjilane ineastern Kosovo,where the epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections remains unknown. Parasitological examination of stools pecimens was performed in 2017 and 2018. Stool samples were collected from asymptomatic school-children aged 6–17 years: 530 Kosovars from the municipality of Kaçanik and310 Serbs from the municipalities of Kamenica and Strpce. Each patient provided two stool samples collected every second day,fixed in SAF preservative and 70 % spiritus vini, transported to the Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine at the Military Institute of Medicine in Poland,and tested by light microscopy using three diagnostic methods: directs mearin Lugol’s solution,decantation in distilled water, and Fülleborn’s flotation. A total of 101 Kosovar children (19.1 % of the study group)were found to be infected with intestinal parasites: nematodes (n=20), cestodes (n=2), trematodes (n=2), and protozoa (n=79). Only 13 Serbian children (4.2 %) were found to beinfected with nematodes (n=4),cestodes (n=3),and protozoa (n=6). Giardia intestinalis was themost prevalent intestinal parasite in both groups (14,9 % vs. 1.9 % children). The prevalence ofasymptomatic parasitic infections was significantly higher in Kosovars in comparison to the Serbsliving in the same region of eastern Kosovo. This fact shows that there may be significant differencesin the quality of health care and sanitation as well as feed hygiene between these two communities.
A revised checklist of Cooperia nematodes (Trichostrogyloidea), common parasites of wild and domestic ruminants
Authors: Albrechtová M. , Langrová I. , Vadlejch J. , Špakulová M. 
Published: August 2020

Summary
This review updates the current knowledge on the taxonomy of intestinal nematodes of the genus Cooperia parasitizing in wild and domestic ruminants. The emphasis is put on revision of 19 valid species belonging to the genus. This analysis focuses on main features of the genus Cooperia, including its geographic occurrence and the life cycle details. The most widespread congeners are Cooperia curticei, C. oncophora, C. pectinata, and C. punctata, having nearly worldwide distribution. The fifth species, referred by electronic databases from the European territory as Cooperia asamatiSpiridonov, 1985, is unveiled here originally as nomen nudum.