bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between BODE index, quality of life and inflammatory cytokines in COPD patients
Authors: Sarioglu Nuhran , Alpaydin Aylin Ozgen , Coskun Aysın Sakar , Celik Pınar , Ozyurt Beyhan Cengiz , Yorgancioglu Arzu 
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: Recently a multidimensional grading system based on the body mass index (B), degree of airflow obstruction (O), dyspnea (D) and exercise capacity (E) - the BODE index - has begun to be used increasingly for the evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the relation- ship between the BODE index and disease duration, annual exacerbation and hospitalization rates, health related quality of life and systemic inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8.
Materials and methods: In 88 stable COPD patients we evalu- ated the body-mass index, pulmonary function tests, Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale and six- minute walk test (6MWT). BODE scores were determined. Disease duration, number of exacerbations and hospitaliza- tion in the previous year were recorded. We also performed arterial blood gases analysis, administered the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and measured serum lev- els of CRP, TNF-α, IL-8.
Results: According to BODE score 52% of patients were BODE 1, 21% BODE 2, 15% BODE 3 and 12% were BODE 4. There was a significant relationship between BODE index and COPD stage as classified according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) (p < 0.001). Correlations between BODE score and disease duration (p = 0.011), number of exacerbations (p < 0.001) and hospitaliza- tions (p < 0.001) in the last year were also observed. SGRQ symptom, activity, emotion scores and total scores were found to be significantly correlated to BODE (p < 0.001). Serum CRP levels and BODE were also correlated (p = 0.014); however, no correlation was found between serum levels of TNF-α and IL-8 and BODE.

Conclusions: As the BODE index shows a strong correlation with various prognostic and follow up parameters of COPD and systemic inflammation, its use should be considered for the evaluation of COPD patients.
Indices and COPD
Authors: Howard Peter 
Published: January 2020

The paper by Inal-Ince and colleagues (pag. 162-167) examines fatigue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) relating it to multi dimensional in- dices of overall disease severity, BODE and SAFE. It is the selection of these indices that will be examined in this Editorial. COPD is now considered a multi dimensional dis- ease, in fact, quite remarkably so. A little history will remind how this situation has arisen.
Fatigue and multidimensional disease severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Inal-Ince Deniz , Savci Sema , Saglam Melda , Calik Ebru , Arikan Hulya , Bosnak-Guclu Meral , Vardar-Yagli Naciye , Coplu Lutfi 
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: Fatigue is associated with longitudinal ratings of health in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the degree of airflow obstruction is often used to grade disease severity in patients with COPD, multidimensional grading systems have recently been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived and actual fatigue level and multidimensional disease severity in patients with COPD.
Materials and methods: Twenty-two patients with COPD (aged 52-74 years) took part in the study. Multidimensional disease severity was measured using the SAFE and BODE indices. Perceived fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). Peripheral muscle endurance was evaluated using the number of sit-ups, squats, and modified push-ups that each patient could do. Results: Thirteen patients (59%) had severe fatigue, and their St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The SAFE index score was significantly correlated with the number of sit-ups, number of squats, FSS score and FIS score (p < 0.05). The BODE index was signif- icantly associated with the numbers of sit-ups, squats and modified push-ups, and with the FSS and FIS scores (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Peripheral muscle endurance and fatigue perception in patients with COPD was related to multidimensional disease severity measured with both the SAFE and BODE indices. Improvements in perceived and actual fatigue levels may positively affect multidimensional disease severity and health status in COPD patients. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of fatigue perception and exercise training on patients with different stages of multidimensional COPD severity.
LOOKING AT THE GLASS TRANSITION: CHALLENGES OF EXTREME TIME SCALES AND OTHER INTERESTING PROBLEMS
Authors: McKenna Gregory B. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe behavior of glass-forming materials is examined with emphasis on the below-glass transition behavior. A major question that is related to the super-Arrhenius behavior of the dynamics of glass-forming systems is whether the apparent divergence at finite temperature continues below the kinetic or laboratory glass transition that is related to the limits of measurement and is standardized so that the material relaxation time is near 100 s. The problem arises because as the temperature decreases, the time scales required to reach equilibrium (or metastable equilibrium) become geologically long. Yet the apparent finite temperature divergence is fundamental to many theories of glasses; therefore, it becomes essential to find ways to finesse the extreme time scales related to the so-called Kauzmann paradox to bring new information to the ongoing conversation concerning the existence or not of an ideal glass transition at either the Kauzmann temperature or the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann temperature. After describing the framework of the glassy state that is formed by the early ideas of a fictive temperature, we examine the use of extremely low fictive temperature glasses as a means to potentially get around the long time-scale problem. The challenge is to find ways to create such glasses and measure their properties. In addition to looking at the dynamic behavior of a 20-million-year-old amber and a vapor-deposited amorphous perfluoropolymer whose fictive temperature was the same as the Kauzmann temperature for the material, we also examine the possibility of directly testing the thermodynamics of an ideal glass transition by making athermal solutions of a poly(α-methyl styrene) and its pentamer, where we find that the entropy surface determined from extrapolation of the heat capacity to zero pentamer shows no distinct transition at as much as 180 K below the Kauzmann temperature. The significance of the dynamics of the stable glasses and the thermodynamics of the polymer solutions is discussed in terms that challenge the idea of an ideal glass transition. We also look in more detail at the ability to use vapor deposition to make ethylbenzene, a small-molecule organic, into an ultra-stable glass with a fictive temperature that is possibly below the Kauzmann temperature of this material. We end with remarks on the question of decoupling of different relaxation mechanisms as something not treated by current theories of glass, and we consider some open questions related to the fact that the glass transition remains an unresolved and important problem.
ROLE OF LOW SURFACE AREA FEW LAYER GRAPHENE IN ENHANCING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLY (1,4-CIS-ISOPRENE) RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Alam Najib , Lee Dong-Joo , Giese Ulrich 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTNanofillers of type few layer graphene (FLG) characterized with “low” surface area (&lt;40 m2/g) were studied as reinforcing agents in poly (1,4-cis-isoprene) (IR matrix), and their roles in enhancing mechanical properties of rubber nanocomposites were demonstrated. The adsorption isotherms show that FLG surface areas were 13.8 m2/g for SFG6, 23.8 m2/g for KS4, and 39.5 m2/g for EXG 9840. All FLG had remarkable in-plane crystallinity and were characterized by a lower number of layers stacked (45–48) in the crystalline domain. Rheometric curves were studied to estimate the scorch time (t′05) and curing time (t′90). Tensile and dynamic–mechanical analyses show that FLG forms filler networks at low filler content. Tensile properties show that EXG 9840/IR has a lower reinforcing factor and elongation at break than KS4 FLG nanofiller. A series of experiments shows the dependency surface area of FLG in enhancing mechanical properties of nanocomposites. The work suggests that lower surface area should be selected in order to have lower dissipation of energy and efficient filler networking.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO TEOR DE CARBONO ORGÂNICO TOTAL EM AMOSTRA VEGETAL PELO MÉTODO VOLUMÉTRICO COM DIFERENTES VOLUMES DE ÁCIDO SULFÚRICO
Authors: Araujo Emmanoella Costa Guaraná , Silva Thiago Cardoso , Coelho José Benjamin Machado , Neto Egídio Bezerra , Barreto Levy Paes 
Published: January 2020

É imprescindível aprimorar e adaptar os métodos de determinação de carbono, para reduzir os custos e o descarte desnecessário de resíduos químicos. Com objetivo de reduzir o custo da operação e o descarte de ácido sulfúrico, que pode causar contaminação ambiental, o trabalho testou diferentes concentrações do ácido para observar se existia diferença significativa entre os teores de carbono determinados por diferentes volumes de ácido sulfúrico. Para tanto foi utilizada 0,1 g de amostra seca de madeira de juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.), digerida em ácido sulfúrico e dicromato de potássio, aquecida em bloco digestor e titulada com solução de sulfato ferroso amoniacal 0,5 N. Como a metodologia tomada como referência utiliza 40 mL do ácido sulfúrico P.A., este volume foi adotado como testemunha e os demais tratamentos foram 10 mL, 20 mL e 30 mL, com cinco repetições para cada volume. O cálculo estatístico foi realizado por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Como padrão de comparação foi utilizada a glicose por apresentar teor de carbono conhecido. Observou-se que os diferentes volumes de ácido não apresentaram diferença significativa, o que indica a viabilidade de utilização de 10 mL para análise e uma redução de 75% do material químico.
MODELAGEM MARGINAL CONJUNTA DA ALTURA E VOLUME PARA Araucaria angustifolia
Authors: Fiorentin Luan Demarco , Bonat Wagner Hugo , Pelissari Allan Libanio , Machado Sebastião Do Amaral , Téo Saulo Jorge 
Published: January 2020

Variáveis mensuradas em florestas normalmente apresentam algum grau de correlação. Logo, ajustar modelos para estimar variáveis biométricas de forma independente não é a abordagem mais adequada. Assim, modelos multivariados ganham relevância devido à capacidade de quantificar associações entre variáveis respostas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi ajustar modelos lineares generalizados de covariância multivariada (MCGLMs) univariados e multivariados para estimar altura e volume de árvores. As variáveis altura ( ), volume ( ) e diâmetro ( ) foram coletadas da Araucaria angustifolia em floresta nativa, localizada no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os MCGLMs foram ajustados para estimar e , em abordagem univariada e multivariada. O preditor linear dos modelos foi fixado previamente em função da covariável , para ambas as variáveis. Devido a um aparente padrão de variância não constante das duas respostas, diferentes estruturas do preditor linear matricial foram testadas, com efeito da covariável variando até polinômio de grau três. Ainda, um parâmetro de potência foi estimado nas duas abordagens, com a finalidade de obter uma função de variância para cada variável. Os parâmetros estimados nas abordagens univariadas e multivariadas foram similares. Em geral, o erro padrão dos parâmetros foi menor para os modelos multivariados, sendo consequência da correlação entre as variáveis respostas. Os resultados também sugeriram que uma função de variância Poisson-Gama composta é adequada para variável , bem como uma função constante para variável . O modelo mais adequado foi obtido com preditor linear matricial somente em função de um parâmetro de dispersão associado a uma matriz identidade.
Construção e validação de instrumento para avaliar conhecimentos de universitários sobre transtorno específico da aprendizagem
Authors: León Camila Barbosa Ricardi , Paiano Ronê , Fragoso Analice Oliveira , Siqueira Alisson Rogério Caetano de , Teixeira Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz , Seabra Alessandra Gotuzo 
Published: January 2020

O Transtorno Específico da Aprendizagem (TEAp) caracteriza-se por dificuldades persistentes para desenvolver habilidades acadêmicas de leitura, escrita e/ou matemática, sendo fundamental que professores conheçam suas características. O estudo teve como objetivos construir um questionário que avalia conhecimentos sobre TEAp e verificar suas propriedades psicométricas, mediante estudo piloto com estudantes de pedagogia ingressantes e concluintes. Participaram 178 estudantes, entre 18 e 54 anos, de três instituições de ensino superior particulares. Resultados revelaram índice adequado de consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,738). Houve maior conhecimento sobre TEAp dos estudantes concluintes em relação aos ingressantes, porém com resultados baixos em alguns itens. Também houve diferença significativa entre as instituições. Não houve associação dos fatores idade, ano, renda e situação de trabalho, com o nível de conhecimento. Além de contribuir com a criação do questionário, os resultados sinalizam a necessidade de incluir disciplinas sobre TEAp na grade curricular dos cursos de pedagogia.
Bem-estar subjetivo e resiliência em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Coutinho Maria da Penha de Lima , Costa Fabrycianne Gonçalves , Coutinho Márcio De Lima 
Published: January 2020

Este artigo objetivou mensurar os níveis de Bem-Estar Subjetivo (BES) e de resiliência em diabéticos, além de verificar a correlação entre a resiliência e os fatores que compõem o bem-estar subjetivo. Foram aplicadas as escalas de BES e de resiliência em 104 diabéticos (média de idade= 56,16; DP= 13,01), residentes na cidade de João Pessoa- PB. Os resultados evidenciaram que 65,4% dos participantes apresentaram altos níveis de BES. Quanto à resiliência, constatou-se que a maioria possui entre moderada (63,5%) e alta capacidade (28,8%), além de melhor desempenho na dimensão de ações e valores. Observou-se também, correlação positiva entre a dimensão afeto positivo da escala BES com as dimensões ações e valores (r= 0,58) e autoconfiança (r= 0,23) da escala da resiliência. Dessa forma, o aumento da vivência de emoções positivas entre os diabéticos pode atuar de forma a incrementar melhor aceitação de si no tocante à doença e sua terapêutica.
The seismic behaviour of plywood sheathed shearwalls
Authors: Dean J. A. , Stewart W. G. , Carr A. J. 
Published: January 2020

Plywood sheathed timber shearwalls are commonly incorporated in timber structures to resist wind and earthquake induced lateral, forces. Such shearwalls are classified in the NZS 4203:1984 earthquake loading provisions as being ductile and are currently designed to earthquake load levels of 25% of the smoothed elastic response spectrum force, i.e. corresponding to SM = 1 in terms of NZS 4203:1984 notation.
However, a case study is examined which illustrates that compliance with the NZS 3603:1981 permissible wind-seismic connection load and stress levels does not ensure ductility. Recommendations are made for a capacity design procedure in which the sheathing nailing acts as the ductile load limiting element. Even when this is achieved, cyclic loading of the walls at seismic design load levels causes progressive degrading of strength and stiffness properties resulting in a pinched hysteretic loop. The displacement demands on walls in which this occurs when subjected to a design intensity earthquake ground motion are compared in the paper with the corresponding displacement demands on elastic plastic structures.
Selected test results are presented of eleven full scale shearwalls subjected to cyclic static and shaketable loading. The performance of the sheathing nailing, framing connections and foundation connections is reported in detail. Based on the test observations and an analysis of the force distribution within the framing, particular details are recommended to ensure ductile response. A theoretical time history single degree of freedom dynamic idealisation is described which represents the observed wall behaviour, and which is suitable for incorporation into multistorey analyses.
Brief report on the January 17 1994 Northridge earthquake in Los Angeles
Authors: Editor  
Published: January 2020

An earthquake struck the San Fernando Valley on January 17 at 4:30 am. Pacific Standard Time. The epicenter was located at 34°13' North, 118°3' West at a depth of 14.6km. The surface wave magnitude from the National Earthquake Information Centre was 6.6. The local magnitude was 6.4.
Most of this information was prepared within a few days of the earthquake occurring and some of the material included in this report was issued as a press release.
A more detailed report is currently being prepared by the Reconnaissance Team sent by the Society.
Damage ratios for plant, equipment and stock in the 1987 Edgecumbe, New Zealand earthquake
Authors: Dowrick D. J. , Rhoades D. A. 
Published: January 2020

This paper describes an analysis of damage costs to commercial and industrial equipment (plant) and stock in the Mw=6.6 Edgecumbe, New Zealand, earthquake of 2 March 1987. The damage costs were converted to damage ratios by dividing by the value of the relevant property parcel. The mean value and statistical distribution of damage ratios were found for various classes of equipment and stock in the MM7 and MM9 intensity Zones. The lognormal distribution generally fitted the data well.
Equipment and stock are much more variable in nature than modern buildings, and in large part are not designed for earthquakes. In this study they were analysed in subsets formed by classification according to Use (i.e. shops, offices, halls, residential or industrial) and Vulnerability (i.e. Robust, Medium or Fragile). These classifications provided useful insights into variations in the damage ratio. The overall mean damage ratio, Drm for stock was considerably higher than for equipment, even though Drm for Fragile equipment was higher than Drm for Fragile stock. This occurred because the proportion of stock that was Fragile was much larger than the corresponding proportion of equipment. The proportional difference in damage levels between Fragile and Robust property was greater at intensity MM7 than at MM9. This is consistent with the definitions of the Modified Mercalli scale. A comparison of the damage to equipment and buildings showed that, at MM9, the mean and distribution of damage ratios for Medium vulnerability equipment are similar to those for the associated single storey, post-code (1935+) commercial and industrial buildings.
Post-earthquake co-ordination of technical resources
Authors: Brunsdon D. R. , Charleson A. W. , King A. B. , Middleton D. A. , Sharpe R. D. , Shephard R. B. , Smith E. G. C. 
Published: January 2020

During 1996, the Management Committee of the Society considered where emphasis should be placed in the future in terms of its study group activities. This strategic review highlighted the important role that the Society and its members will be asked to play following a major earthquake in New Zealand. However the effective response of Society members, many of whom have gained valuable "real" post-earthquake experience from the Society's reconnaissance visits, would be severely limited by the current absence of an effective co-ordination framework.
The Post-earthquake Response of Structural Engineers Study Group has made a significant contribution in this area, culminating in its recent draft building safety evaluation procedures for territorial authorities. However a wide range of additional procedures and frameworks have also been identified as being required, many of which are outside the customary scope of study group activities.
This paper outlines the formation of a Working Party on Integrated Planning for Earthquake Preparedness by the Society, and backgrounds the critical issues associated with the post-earthquake co-ordination of scarce technical resources. Proposals for participation by the Society in a concerted approach to addressing these problems are presented. The body of this paper has been circulated to a wide range of involved agencies, including all territorial authorities in New Zealand and central government representatives.
A Formalization of Group Decision Making in Multi-Viewpoints Design
Authors: Bennani Saloua , Kouch Iliass Ait El , Hamlaoui Mahmoud El , Ebersold Sophie , Coulette Bernard , Nassar Mahmoud 
Published: January 2020

Complex systems are typically designed collaboratively by stakeholders from different domains. This multi viewpoints
paradigm promotes the separation of concerns since separate teams, from different business viewpoints, build partial
models describing the system. These partial models are naturally heterogeneous. So, it is difficult to ensure their intermodel
consistency if kept separately. For that, we propose a collaborative approach that combines Group Decision Making
(GDM) and Model-Based Engineering (MBE). This paper highlights the GDM part of our approach and especially the
concept of decision policy that enables coming up with collective decisions in group decision-making contexts.
El "rosa pedagógico" italiano en la primera mitad del siglo XX: Las señoritas de Wanda Bontà
Authors: Suadoni Anna 
Published: January 2020

A partir de los años veinte del siglo pasado, el sector del género rosa adquiere las proporciones del fenómeno editorial, escrito, administrado y leído por mujeres. En Italia muchas tramas románticas se hacen portadoras de un mensaje educativo que pretende instruir a las lectoras para llegar a ser madres y esposas perfectas y encontrar así el sitio que les corresponde en la sociedad. Sin embargo, en muchas de estas obras, las historias y las figuras femeninas revelan a menudo el conflicto entre modelos tradicionales y deseos de emancipación.
From the twenties the romance fiction acquires the proportions of a publishing phenomenon, written, administered and read by women. In Italy many romantic plots become carriers of an educational message that aims to instruct the readers to become perfect mothers and wives, fitting in the place that corresponds to them in society. However, in many of these works, stories and female figures often reveal the conflict between traditional models and wishes of emancipation.