bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life and risk of hospitalization in a healthy general population
Authors: Bonaccio M , Di Castelnuovo A , Costanzo S , Persichillo M , De Curtis A , Cerletti C , Donati M B , de Gaetano G , Iacoviello L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The association of health-related quality of life (HRQL) with total and cardiovascular (CVD) hospitalization was assessed in a population-based cohort of apparently healthy subjects; several pathways possibly accounting for such associations were also tested.

Methods
Longitudinal analysis on 16,849 subjects free from CVD and cancer from the Moli-sani Study, Italy (2005-2010). HRQL was performed by the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey including both mental and physical domains. First hospital admissions were recorded by direct linkage with hospital discharge form registry. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated by multivariable Cox-regression.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 7.3 y, 6,061 all-cause, 1907 CVD, 431 IHD and 294 stroke hospital admissions were ascertained. The highest quintile of mental HRQL was associated with 23% (95%CI: 17% to 29%), 26% (15% to 36%) and 30% (5% to 48%) lower risk of total, CVD and IHD admissions to hospital, respectively, as compared to the lowest.
Risk estimates for physical health were 0.60 (0.56-0.65 for Q5 vs Q1), 0.57 (0.50-0.65) and 0.73 (0.55-0.97) for total, CVD and IHD hospital admissions, respectively. A downward trend with stroke hospitalizations was found for both mental and physical HRQL. Healthy behaviours explained up to 13% of the association between mental HRQL and IHD risk; inflammatory markers (i.e. C-reactive protein and white blood cell count)) accounted for a significant proportion (34%) of the association of physical HRQL with IHD hospitalizations.

Conclusions
In a large sample of disease-free subjects, not only physical, but also higher mental HRQL is associated with lower risk of total and CVD hospitalizations.

Key messages
HRQL adds meaningful information beyond traditional risk factors to the prediction of hospitalization. HRQL assessment may be useful in stratifying hospitalization risk among a general population of healthy adults.
No evidence for phylosymbiosis in western chipmunk species
Authors: Grond Kirsten , Bell Kayce C , Demboski John R , Santos Malia , Sullivan Jack M , Hird Sarah M 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Phylosymbiosis refers to a congruent pattern between the similarity of microbiomes of different species and the branching pattern of the host phylogeny. Phylosymbiosis has been detected in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, but has only been assessed in geographically isolated populations. We tested for phylosymbiosis in eight (sub)species of western chipmunks with overlapping ranges and ecological niches; we used a nuclear (Acrosin) and a mitochondrial (CYTB) phylogenetic marker because there are many instances of mitochondrial introgression in chipmunks. We predicted that similarity among microbiomes increases with: (1) increasing host mitochondrial relatedness, (2) increasing host nuclear genome relatedness and (3) decreasing geographic distance among hosts. We did not find statistical evidence supporting phylosymbiosis in western chipmunks. Furthermore, in contrast to studies of other mammalian microbiomes, similarity of chipmunk microbiomes is not predominantly determined by host species. Sampling site explained most variation in microbiome composition, indicating an important role of local environment in shaping microbiomes. Fecal microbiomes of chipmunks were dominated by Bacteroidetes (72.2%), followed by Firmicutes (24.5%), which is one of the highest abundances of Bacteroidetes detected in wild mammals. Future work will need to elucidate the effects of habitat, ecology and host genomics on chipmunk microbiomes.
A High-quality Draft Genome Assembly of the Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) Based on Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Zhou Chuang , Yu Haoran , Geng Yang , Liu Wei , Zheng Shuai , Yang Nan , Meng Yang , Dou Liang , Price Megan , Ran Jianghong , Yue Bisong , Wu Yongjie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) which inhabits high-altitude areas has the largest body size of the world’s 15 crane species, and is classified as threatened by the IUCN. To support further studies on population genetics and genomics, we present a high-quality genome assembly based on both Illumina and nanopore sequencing. In total, 54.59 Gb Illumina short reads and 116.5 Gb nanopore long reads were generated. The 1.23 Gb assembled genome has a high contig N50 of 17.89 Mb, and has a longest contig of 87.83 Mb. The completeness (97.7%) of the draft genome was evaluated with single-copy orthologous genes using BUSCO. We identified 17,789 genes and found that 8.11% of the genome is composed of repetitive elements. In total, 84 of the 2,272 one-to-one orthologous genes were under positive selection in the black-necked crane lineage. SNP-based inference indicated two bottlenecks in the recent demographic trajectories of the black-necked crane. The genome information will contribute to future study of crane evolutionary history and provide new insights into the potential adaptation mechanisms of the black-necked crane to its high-altitude habitat.
The State of States’ Assisted Living Websites: Information Available to Consumers
Authors: Roberts Mitchell , Peterson Lindsay J , Hyer Kathryn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Assisted living (AL) is a growing sector of the U.S. long-term care market, with its development driven largely by private market choices. However, consumers need information to choose the right AL community (ALC). This paper examined information available on U.S. state websites concerning ALC quality, costs, and services.

Research Design and Methods
Based on prior research and their analysis of a sample of state websites, researchers identified 39 key informational elements and grouped them into four categories, (a) ALC characteristics, (b) payment and services, (c) quality, and (d) website usability. Researchers then examined the presence of the 39 elements on 51 websites (U.S. states and the District of Columbia), meeting regularly to discuss findings and resolve differences.

Results
A majority of states provided basic information about individual ALCs (e.g., number of beds, ownership). Only 35% listed payment(s) accepted (e.g., Medicaid), and 31% indicated the availability of memory care. Nearly 70% posted inspection results, while only 43% provided information about complaints. Many met basic usability guidelines (e.g., type size), but locating content on many sites required multiple steps, and none met 5th-grade-or-below readability standards.

Discussion and Implications
A majority of websites provided important information, such as inspection results. However, many were lacking key elements concerning payment accepted and services. Finding what was available was burdensome. More work is needed to help states provide information that enables consumers to find ALCs that meet their needs. The lack of such information puts older adults at risk of inappropriate placements.
Seafloor massive sulphide exploration using deep-towed controlled source electromagnetics: Navigational uncertainties
Authors: Gehrmann Romina A S , Haroon Amir , Morton McKinley , Djanni Axel T , Minshull Timothy A 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY
Deep-towed geophysical surveys require precise knowledge of navigational parameters such as instrument position and orientation because navigational uncertainties reflect in the data and therefore in the inferred geophysical properties of the sub-seafloor. We address this issue for the case of electrical conductivity inferred from controlled source electromagnetic data. We show that the data error is laterally variable due to irregular motion during deep towing, but also due to lateral variations in conductivity, including those resulting from topography. To address this variability and quantify the data error prior to inversion, we propose a two-dimensional perturbation study. Our workflow enables stable and geologically reliable results for multi-component and multi-frequency inversions. An error estimation workflow is presented, which comprises the assessment of navigational uncertainties, perturbation of navigational parameters, and forward modelling of electric field amplitudes for a homogeneous and then a heterogeneous sub-seafloor conductivity model. Some navigational uncertainties are estimated from variations of direct measurements. Other navigational parameters required for inversion are derived from the measured quantities and their error is calculated by means of error propagation. Some navigational parameters show direct correlation with the measured electric fields. For example, the antenna dip correlates with the vertical electric field and the depth correlates with the horizontal electric field. For the perturbation study each standard deviation is added to the navigational parameters. Forward models are run for each perturbation. Amplitude deviations are summed in quadrature with the stacking error for a total, laterally varying, data error. The error estimation is repeated for a heterogeneous sub-seafloor model due to the large conductivity range (several orders of magnitude), which affects the forward model. The approach enables us to utilize data from several components (multiple electric fields, frequencies and receivers) in the inversion to constrain the final model and reduce ambiguity. The final model is geologically reasonable, in this case enabling the identification of conductive metal sulphide deposits on the seafloor.
Understanding fragility: implications for global health research and practice
Authors: Diaconu Karin , Falconer Jennifer , Vidal Nicole , O’May Fiona , Azasi Esther , Elimian Kelly , Bou-Orm Ibrahim , Sarb Cristina , Witter Sophie , Ager Alastair 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Advances in population health outcomes risk being slowed—and potentially reversed—by a range of threats increasingly presented as ‘fragility’. Widely used and critiqued within the development arena, the concept is increasingly used in the field of global health, where its relationship to population health, health service delivery, access and utilization is poorly specified. We present the first scoping review seeking to clarify the meaning, definitions and applications of the term in the global health literature. Adopting the theoretical framework of concept analysis, 10 bibliographic and grey literature sources, and five key journals, were searched to retrieve documents relating to fragility and health. Reviewers screened titles and abstracts and retained documents applying the term fragility in relation to health systems, services, health outcomes and population or community health. Data were extracted according to the protocol; all documents underwent bibliometric analysis. Narrative synthesis was then used to identify defining attributes of the concept in the field of global health. A total of 377 documents met inclusion criteria. There has been an exponential increase in applications of the concept in published literature over the last 10 years. Formal definitions of the term continue to be focused on the characteristics of ‘fragile and conflict-affected states’. However, synthesis indicates diverse use of the concept with respect to: level of application (e.g. from state to local community); emphasis on particular antecedent stressors (including factors beyond conflict and weak governance); and focus on health system or community resources (with an increasing tendency to focus on the interface between two). Amongst several themes identified, trust is noted as a key locus of fragility at this interface, with critical implications for health seeking, service utilization and health system and community resilience.
Ca2+-permeable TRPV1 pain receptor knockout rescues memory deficits and reduces amyloid-β and tau in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Juyong , Lee Siyoung , Kim Jaekyoon , Ham Sangwoo , Park Jung Han Yoon , Han Seungbong , Jung Yong-Keun , Shim Insop , Han Jung-Soo , Lee Ki Won , Kim Jiyoung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) protein is a pain receptor that elicits a hot sensation when an organism eats the capsaicin of red chili peppers. This calcium (Ca2+)-permeable cation channel is mostly expressed in the peripheral nervous system sensory neurons but also in the central nervous system (e.g. hippocampus and cortex). Preclinical studies found that TRPV1 mediates behaviors associated with anxiety and depression. Loss of TRPV1 functionality increases expression of genes related to synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that TRPV1 deficiency may modulate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We generated a triple-transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD+/+) with wild-type (TRPV1+/+), hetero (TRPV1+/−) and knockout (TRPV1−/−) TRPV1 to investigate the role of TRPV1 in AD pathogenesis. We analyzed the animals’ memory function, hippocampal Ca2+ levels and amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathologies when they were 12 months old. We found that compared with 3xTg-AD−/−/TRPV1+/+ mice, 3xTg-AD+/+/TRPV1+/+ mice had memory impairment and increased levels of hippocampal Ca2+, Aβ and total and phosphorylated tau. However, 3xTg-AD+/+/TRPV1−/− mice had better memory function and lower levels of hippocampal Ca2+, Aβ, tau and p-tau, compared with 3xTg-AD+/+/TRPV1+/+ mice. Examination of 3xTg-AD-derived primary neuronal cultures revealed that the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA/AM and the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine decreased the production of Aβ, tau and p-tau. Taken together, these results suggested that TRPV1 deficiency had anti-AD effects and promoted resilience to memory loss. These findings suggest that drugs or food components that modulate TRPV1 could be exploited as therapeutics to prevent or treat AD.
Cytomegalovirus Humoral Response Against Epithelial Cell Entry-Mediated Infection in the Primary Infection Setting After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Zamora Danniel , Krantz Elizabeth M , Green Margaret L , Joncas-Schronce Laurel , Blazevic Rachel , Edmison Bradley C , Huang Meei-Li , Stevens-Ayers Terry , Jerome Keith R , Geballe Adam P , Boeckh Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The influence of humoral immunity on the prevention of primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is poorly understood.

Methods
To determine whether neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against CMV pentameric complex (PC)-mediated epithelial cell entry decrease CMV infection after HCT, samples were analyzed from a randomized controlled trial of CMV intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) prophylaxis. Weekly serum from 61 CMV donor-positive/recipient-negative (D+/R−) HCT patients (33 control, 28 CMV IVIG) was tested using a PC-entry nAb assay and quantitative CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results
There was a trend toward higher weekly PC-entry nAb titers (P = .07) and decreased CMV infection by PCR at viral load cutoffs of ≥1000 and ≥10 000 IU/mL in the CMV IVIG arm. High nAb titers were not significantly protective against CMV infection later after HCT in both study arms. Among CMV-infected patients, each log2 increase in nAb titer was associated with an average 0.2 log10 decrease in concurrent CMV viral load after infection (P = .001; adjusted for study arm).

Conclusions
This study provides initial support that CMV IVIG prophylaxis moderately enhances PC-entry nAB activity in D+/R− HCT recipients.
Female Mating Frequency and Reproductive Fitness in the Willow Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Zhao Lvquan , Qiu Ying , Shi Xiaodi , Wang Wei , Liu Shouzhu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Multiple mating in females is common in nature but may involve fitness costs. Adult females and males of the beetle Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting can mate multiple times. We studied the effect of mating frequency and mating pattern (time interval between matings) on female reproductive fitness by measuring fecundity, hatching probability, and female longevity. Fecundity and longevity were similar in single- and double-mated (two matings separated by a 7 d interval) females. However, two and three successive matings and three matings separated by two 7 d interval had a significant negative effect on the lifetime fecundity and longevity of females. Multiple mating had a positive effect on egg hatching, and two matings sufficed to fertilize the full egg load. These results indicate that the two matings separated by a 7 d interval are optimum for reproductive fitness in female P. versicolora. Suboptimal mating frequency (successive mating or an excessive number of matings) exacts a physiological cost that shortens the female life span and reduces fecundity.
Beyond Information Costs: Preference Formation and the Architecture of Property Law
Authors: Zhang Taisu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContemporary property theory highlights information costs as the central determinant of exclusion rights and numerus clausus-type standardization: rising information costs lead to stronger exclusion rights and more standardization, whereas falling information costs have the opposite effect. This paradigmatic model lacks, however, a theory of how information costs change in the first place. By developing such a theory, this article demonstrates that, in prominent cases, the legal impact of information costs tends to be counterbalanced by concurrent changes in individual preference, and that preexisting predictions about the relationship between information costs, standardization, and exclusion are therefore partially wrong, and otherwise incomplete.
The invasive potential of a hybrid species: insights from soil chemical properties and soil microbial communities
Authors: Sun Feng , Ou Yuyi , Ou Qiaojing , Zeng Lingda , Yu Hanxia , Zheng Jin , Gao Lei , Li Weihua , Li Na , Peng Changlian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
Natural hybridization between invasive and native species, as a form of adaptive evolution, threatens biodiversity worldwide. However, the potential invasive mechanisms of hybrids remain essentially unexplored, especially insights from soil chemical properties and soil microbial communities.

Methods
In a field experiment, soil microbial community, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, enzyme activities, and light-saturated photosynthetic rate were measured in invasive Sphagneticola trilobata and its hybrid with native Sphagneticola calendulacea in 2 years.

Important Findings
In general, soil dissolved organic carbon and the biomass of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria were significantly higher under the hybrid treatment than S. trilobata and S. calendulacea. However, there were no significant differences in acid phosphatase, total PLFAs, bacterial PLFAs, fungi PLFAs, cellulase, and urase in these treatments. The hybrids had significantly higher light-saturated photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic nitrogen-, phosphorus-, potassium- use efficiencies than the invasive S. trilobata, but no significant difference with S. calendulacea. The total biomass and root biomass of hybrids were higher than S. calendulacea. Our results indicate that the hybrids species have a higher invasive potential than S. calendulacea, which may aggravate the local extinction of S. calendulacea in the future.
Genome-wide phylogenetic and structural analysis reveals the molecular evolution of the ABA receptor gene family
Authors: Yang Jing-Fang , Chen Mo-Xian , Zhang Jian-Hua , Hao Ge-Fei , Yang Guang-Fu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role during the plant life cycle as well as in adaptive responses to environmental stresses. The core regulatory components of ABA signaling in plants are the pyrabactin resistance1/PYR1-like/regulatory component of ABA receptor family (PYLs), which comprise the largest plant hormone receptor family known. They act as negative regulators of members of the protein phosphatase type 2C family. Due to the biological importance of PYLs, many researchers have focused on their genetic redundancy and consequent functional divergence. However, little is understood of their evolution and its impact on the generation of regulatory diversity. In this study, we identify positive selection and functional divergence in PYLs through phylogenetic reconstruction, gene structure and expression pattern analysis, positive selection analysis, functional divergence analysis, and structure comparison. We found the correlation of desensitization of PYLs under specific modifications in the molecular recognition domain with functional diversification. Hence, an interesting antagonistic co-evolutionary mechanism is proposed for the functional diversification of ABA receptor family proteins. We believe a compensatory evolutionary pathway may have occurred.
Comparative proteome and metabolome analyses of latex-exuding and non-exuding Taraxacum koksaghyz roots provide insights into laticifer biology
Authors: Benninghaus Vincent Alexander , van Deenen Nicole , Müller Boje , Roelfs Kai-Uwe , Lassowskat Ines , Finkemeier Iris , Prüfer Dirk , Schulze Gronover Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTaraxacum koksaghyz has been identified as one of the most promising alternative rubber crops. Its high-quality rubber is produced in the latex of laticifers, a specialized cell type that is organized in a network of elongated tubules throughout the entire plant body. In order to gain insights into the physiological role(s) of latex and hence laticifer biology, we examine the effects of barnase-induced latex RNA degradation on the metabolite and protein compositions in the roots. We established high-quality datasets that enabled precise discrimination between cellular and physiological processes in laticifers and non-laticifer cell types of roots at different vegetative stages. We identified numerous latex-specific proteins, including a perilipin-like protein that has not been studied in plants yet. The barnase-expressing plants revealed a phenotype that did not exude latex, which may provide a valuable genetic basis for future studies of plant–environment interactions concerning latex and also help to clarify the evolution and arbitrary distribution of latex throughout the plant kingdom. The overview of temporal changes in composition and protein abundance provided by our data opens the way for a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions, reactions, and network relationships that underlie the different metabolic pathways in the roots of this potential rubber crop.