bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GAYA BAHASA PUISI “PEREMPUAN YANG TERGUSUR” KARYA W.S. RENDRA (STYLISTICS OF POETRY “PEREMPUAN YANG TERGUSUR” BY W.S. RENDRA)
Authors: Wijanarti Titik 
Published: September 2020

Words in poetry bear powers to deliver meaning to the reader. This research analyzes a work of Rendra, entitled “Perempuan yang Tergusur” (Side-washed Woman.) Rendra was known as a poet who wrote poems in the nuance of protest and social critic. The problem of this research is how Rendra made use of stylistica in the poem to stylistics in the poem to voice social critic to the reality. Methods and theoretical basis made use in the research is stylistics. Based on the conducted analysis, it resulted that Rendra made use of the means of rhetoric, such as imagery, to describe the problem shown it the poem.
Contrasting impacts of two types of El Niño events on winter haze days in China's Jing-Jin-Ji region
Authors: Yu Xiaochao , Wang Zhili , Zhang Hua , He Jianjun , Li Ying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. El Niño events differ widely in their patterns and intensities. The regional climate anomalies caused by different types of El Niño events
likely lead to various impacts on winter haze pollution in China. Based on long-term site observations of haze days in China from 1961 to 2013, this
study explores the effects of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types of El Niño events on the number of winter haze days (WHDs) in
China's Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ) region and the physical mechanisms underlying WHD changes. The results show statistically significant positive and
negative correlations, respectively, between WHDs in the JJJ region and EP and CP El Niño events. At most sites in the JJJ region, the average
WHD increased in all EP El Niño years, with the maximum change exceeding 2.0 d. Meanwhile, the average WHD decreased at almost all
stations over this region in all CP El Niño years, with the largest change being more than −2.0 d. The changes in large-scale
circulations indicate obvious positive surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies and negative sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies over North China, as well as
southerly wind anomalies at the middle to low troposphere over eastern China in the winters of EP El Niño years. These anomalies are conducive to
increases in WHDs in the JJJ region. However, there are significant northerly and northwesterly wind anomalies at the middle to low troposphere over
eastern China, as well as stronger and wider precipitation anomalies in the winters of CP El Niño years, which contribute to decreased WHDs over the JJJ
region. Changes in local synoptic conditions indicate negative SLP anomalies, positive SAT anomalies, and weakened northerly winds over the JJJ
region in the winters of EP El Niño years. The total occurrence frequency of circulation types conducive to the accumulation (diffusion) of
aerosol pollutants is increased (decreased) by 0.4 % (0.2 %) in those winters. However, the corresponding frequency is decreased (increased)
by 0.5 % (0.6 %) in the winters of CP El Niño years. Our study highlights the importance of distinguishing the impacts of these two
types of El Niño events on winter haze pollution in China's JJJ region.
Quantifying burning efficiency in megacities using the NO2∕CO ratio from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)
Authors: Lama Srijana , Houweling Sander , Boersma K. Folkert , Eskes Henk , Aben Ilse , Denier van der Gon Hugo A. C. , Krol Maarten C. , Dolman Han , Borsdorff Tobias , Lorente Alba 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. This study investigates the use of co-located nitrogen
dioxide (NO2)
and carbon monoxide (CO) retrievals from the TROPOMI satellite to improve the quantification
of burning efficiency and emission factors (EFs) over the megacities of Tehran,
Mexico City, Cairo, Riyadh, Lahore, and Los Angeles. Efficient combustion is
characterized by high NOx (NO+NO2) and low CO emissions, making the
NO2∕CO ratio a useful proxy for combustion efficiency (CE). The local
enhancement of CO and NO2 above megacities is well captured by TROPOMI
at short averaging times compared with previous satellite missions. In this
study, the upwind background and plume rotation methods are used to
investigate the accuracy of satellite-derived ΔNO2∕ΔCO
ratios. The column enhancement ratios derived using these two methods vary
by 5 % to 20 % across the selected megacities. TROPOMI-derived column
enhancement ratios are compared with emission ratios from the EDGAR v4.3.2 (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research v4.3.2)
and the MACCity (Monitoring Atmospheric
Chemistry and Climate and CityZen) 2018 emission inventories. TROPOMI correlates strongly (r=0.85 and 0.7) with EDGAR and MACCity, showing the highest emission ratio for
Riyadh and lowest emission ratio for Lahore. However, inventory-derived emission ratios are 60 % to 85 %
higher than TROPOMI column enhancement ratios across
the six megacities. The short lifetime of NO2 and the different vertical
sensitivity of TROPOMI NO2 and CO explain most of this difference. We
present a method to translate TROPOMI-retrieved column enhancement ratios
into corresponding emission ratios, thereby accounting for these influences. Except
for Los Angeles and Lahore, TROPOMI-derived emission ratios are close
(within 10 % to 25 %) to MACCity values. For EDGAR, however, emission ratios are ∼65 %
higher for Cairo and 35 % higher for Riyadh. For Los Angeles, EDGAR and MACCity are a factor of 2 and 3 higher
than TROPOMI respectively. The air quality monitoring networks in Los Angeles and
Mexico City are used to validate the use of TROPOMI. For Mexico City and Los
Angeles, these measurements are consistent with TROPOMI-derived emission
ratios, demonstrating the potential of TROPOMI with respect to monitoring burning
efficiency.
Progress and problems of gender equality in Japanese academics and geosciences
Authors: Hori Rie S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In its gender equality status, Japan lags behind the European Union (EU)
and other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Only 16.7 % of academic staff in national
universities are women. Although there has been a slow improvement during
the last 45 years, the percentage of female staff remains particularly low
in the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields. In 2018, female stuff accounted for only 12.3 % in
agriculture, 8.7 % in science, and 6.2 % in engineering. The number of
female graduate students and the number of female members of the Japanese
geoscience societies have been steadily increasing since the 1998 campaign
that increased the total number of graduate school places. However, low
representation of females in academic job positions, as well as among the
recipients of academic awards, suggests that a strong unconscious bias
against women still exists in Japan. Continuing public attention to these
issues is essential for the improvement of the situation.
Vegetation influence and environmental controls on greenhouse gas fluxes from a drained thermokarst lake in the western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Skeeter June , Christen Andreas , Laforce Andrée-Anne , Humphreys Elyn , Henry Greg 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Thermokarst features are widespread in ice-rich regions of the
circumpolar Arctic. The rate of thermokarst lake formation and
drainage is anticipated to accelerate as the climate warms. However,
it is uncertain how these dynamic features impact the terrestrial
Arctic carbon cycle. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide
(CO2) fluxes were measured during peak growing season using
eddy covariance and chambers at Illisarvik, a 0.16 km2
thermokarst lake basin that was experimentally drained in 1978 on
Richards Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Vegetation in the
basin differs markedly from the surrounding dwarf-shrub tundra and
included patches of tall shrubs, grasses, and sedges with some bare
ground and a small pond in the centre. During the peak growing season,
temperature and wind conditions were highly variable, and soil water
content decreased steadily. Basin-scaled net ecosystem CO2
exchange (NEE) measured by eddy covariance was
−1.5 [CI95 %±0.2] g C−CO2 m-2d-1; NEE followed
a marked diurnal pattern with no day-to-day trend during the study
period. Variations in half-hourly NEE were primarily controlled by
photosynthetic photon flux density and influenced by vapour pressure
deficit, volumetric water content, and the presence of shrubs within
the flux tower footprint, which varied with wind direction. Net
methane exchange (NME) was low (8.7 [CI95 %±0.4] mgCH4m-2d-1) and had little impact on the
growing season carbon balance of the basin. NME displayed high spatial
variability, and sedge areas in the basin were the strongest source of
CH4 while upland areas outside the basin were a net
sink. Soil moisture and temperature were the main environmental
factors influencing NME. Presently, Illisarvik is a carbon sink during
the peak growing season. However, these results suggest that rates of
growing season CO2 and CH4 exchange rates may
change as the basin's vegetation community continues to evolve.
Treatment of &lt;i&gt;Neisseria meningitidis&lt;/i&gt; prosthetic joint infections with short-course antibiotics: three cases and a literature review
Authors: Browning Sarah , Walker Harry N. , Ryan Thomas , Pickles Robert , Loftus Michael , Trubiano Jason A. , Hardidge Andrew , Davis Joshua S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Neisseria meningitidis is a rare cause of prosthetic joint infection (PJI), with only three cases
previously reported. Here we report three further cases, all of which were
successfully treated with implant retention and short-course antibiotics (<6 weeks).
Inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation over fields of formal power series
Authors: Bugeaud Yann , Singhal L. , Zhang Zhenliang 
Published: September 2020

We prove a sharp analogue of Minkowski's inhomogeneous approximation theorem over fields of power series $\mathbb {F}_q((T^{-1}))$. Furthermore, we study the approximation to a given point $\underline {y}$ in $\mathbb {F}_q((T^{-1}))^2$ by the $\mathrm {SL}_2(\mathbb {F}_q[T])$-orbit of a given point $\underline {x}$ in $\mathbb {F}_q((T^{-1}))^2$.
The Level of Rice Farmers' Adoption of Smart Climate Agriculture
Authors: Kurbetta Nagaratna C. , Tamgale Geeta , Gadekar Geeta 
Published: September 2020

Aim: To know the adaptation strategies undertaken by the respondents to deal with climate-smart agriculture.
Study Design: An expost facto research design was employed to analyse the level of adoption by the rice farmers.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during 2018-19 in Dharwad district of Karnataka state. From Dharwad district two villages namely Mummigatti from Dharwad taluk and Jodalli from Kalaghatagi taluk were selected.
Methodology: A total of 60 respondents were randomly selected and personally interviewed.
To elicit the required information from the respondents, a structured interview schedule was prepared. Through informal discussions and interviews, data was collected from the respondents. The collected data was analysed with the help of suitable statistical tools like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test.
Results: The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents from Mummigatti (86.67%) and Jodalli (66.70%) had medium level of awareness regarding climate-smart agriculture. Majority of the respondents from Mummigatti (80.00%) and Jodalli (73.30%) were found in medium adaptation category. Equal percentage (20.00% each) of the respondents from both the villages belonged to the high adaptation category. The study also reveals that cent percent of the respondents from both the villages were faced constraints likelack of knowledge about adaptive practices, lack of awareness about climate change issues, non-availability of inputs in time, lack of financial resource, poor support of local and national authorities with the climate-related issue and higher cost of the agricultural inputs to cope with climatic variability.
Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that providing information and local support from the authorities will be of immense use in the proper adaption of site-specific climate-smart practices. The study also suggests that suitable policies and strategies should be taken to deal with non adaptation of climate-smart practices in the villages.
Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Constituents from Stem Bark of Ficus abutilifolia. Miq (Moraceae)
Authors: Madeleine Djankou Tchoffo , Noël Nyemb Jean , Theodore Atchade A. de , Abdoulaye Hamidou , Emmanuel Talla , Laurent Sophie , Henoumont Celine , Leonel Djoko Tchuente Cyril , Tanyi Joseph Mbafor 
Published: September 2020

Aims: The present study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity and chemical components of Ficus abutilifolia. Miq. (Moraceae).
Place and Duration of the Study: The study were performed at Department of chemistry, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon, between July 2017 and September 2018.
Methodology: Phytochemical study was carried out on all extracts of stem barks. Besides, the total phenols contents (TPC) using the Folin-Ciocalteu and the antioxidant activities using DPPH and FRAP methods were also evaluated. The isolation of compounds from the EtOAc extract was done using column and thin layer chromatographic techniques on silica gel. The structures of isolated constituents were elucidated using mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D-NMR techniques.
Results: Phytochemical screening revealed that all the compounds tested were found to be present in the acetone extract; the hexane extract was the poorest in compounds. Acetone extract, DCM/MeOH (1:1) and MeOH extracts were found to be rich in phenols with TPC respectively (239. 849 ± 0.969), (232.676 ± 0.404) and (109.654 ± 0.724) mg EAG/100g EX. Except the n-hexane extract, all the others exhibit antioxidant activities, acetone extract being the most effective with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of (0.038 ± 0.002) mg/mL for the DPPH antiradical scavenging activity and (0,021 ± 0,002) mg/mL for FRAP. A new fatty acid named Pentacosyl henicosanoate (2) along with six known compounds Octatriacontane (1), β–sitosterol (3), a mixture of Lupeol acetate (4a), α-amyrin acetate (4b), β-amyrin acetate (4c) and Daucosterol (5) were isolated from the column chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract. Daucosterol (5) exhibited antiradical activity with an IC50 of (13.005 ± 0.005) mg/mL. Only Daucosterol (5) has exhibited antiradical activity with an IC50 of (13.005 ± 0.005) mg/mL among the isolated compounds.
Conclusion: This study provides scientific evidence and support for the traditional uses of F. abutilifolia stem barks in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Coaxial Scale‐Up Printing of Diameter‐Tunable Biohybrid Hydrogel Microtubes with High Strength, Perfusability, and Endothelialization
Authors: Liang Qingfei , Gao Fei , Zeng Zhiwen , Yang Jirong , Wu Mingming , Gao Chongjian , Cheng Delin , Pan Haobo , Liu Wenguang , Ruan Changshun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough great progress has been made in coaxial extrusion printing toward generating microtubes for mimicking tubular tissues, these microtubes with insufficient mechanical properties and uncontrollable inherent swelling attribute severely hinder their utilization as load‐bearing tubular tissue. Herein, a high‐strength microtube is constructed by coaxial printing with a customized biohybird hydrogel ink consisting of nanoclay, H‐bonding monomer N‐acryloyl glycinamide, and gelatin methacryloyl. The physical interpenetration between nanoclay and polymer chains endows this ink with excellent printability and structural stability, thus facilitating the precise deposition of scalable microtubes with tunable small‐diameters and large‐scale lengths. After photocrosslinking, 3D‐printed biohybrid hydrogel microtube demonstrates marvelous mechanical properties with a tensile strength (≈22 MPa), a stretchability (≈500%), a Young's modulus (≈21 MPa), an anti‐fatigue performance (≈200 cycles), a burst pressure (≈2500 mmHg), and a suture retention strength (≈280 gf) in swelling equilibrium state, which are far superior to the previously printed microtubes and generally satisfy the requirements of tubular tissues. Additionally, this obtained microtube also displays favorable biological features that support adhesion, spreading, and endothelialization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This study successfully develops a biohybrid hydrogel ink to fabricate a scalable high‐strength microtube with enormous potential in regeneration of tube‐like tissues.
Virtual‐Moving Metalens Array Enabling Light‐Field Imaging with Enhanced Resolution
Authors: Park Min‐Kyu , Park Chul‐Soon , Hwang Yong Seok , Kim Eun‐Soo , Choi Duk‐Yong , Lee Sang‐Shin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe light‐field (LF) imaging technique can obtain the light intensity and directional ray distribution information by utilizing a microlens array (MLA). Based on the recoded 3D information, full‐parallax or depth‐slice images can be reconstructed. Due to the limited ray sampling rate of the MLA, however, conventional LF imaging schemes are fatally susceptible to a trade‐off between the spatial and angular resolution. To mitigate this issue, a virtual‐moving metalens array (VMMA) based on a multifunctional dielectric metasurface is proposed, which can laterally shift the sampling position without physical movement, by simply tailoring the polarization of incident beam. Thanks to the polarization‐tailored VMMA, the LF imaging scheme is successfully realized to provide a fourfold enhanced spatial resolution without sacrificing the angular resolution.
An Effective Design Strategy for Robust Aggregation‐Induced Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens to Improve Efficiency Stability of Nondoped and Doped OLEDs
Authors: Liu Huijun , Liu Hao , Fan Jianzhong , Guo Jingjing , Zeng Jiajie , Qiu Fuliang , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExploring molecular design strategy for efficient luminescent materials is of high academic and industrial significance. In this work, it is demonstrated that the introduction of the functional group 4‐(phenoxazin‐10‐yl)benzoyl to the conventional chromophores of carbazole‐substituted fluorene derivatives can generate robust luminogens with aggregation‐induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF), and subtle molecular structure modulation can result in prodigious differences in photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL). The obtained new AIDF materials exhibit high thermal and electrochemical stabilities, but their PL quantum yields and delayed fluorescence can be altered greatly. In consequence, these luminogens show varied EL performances in nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with external quantum efficiencies (ηext) ranging from 19.0% to 3.3%. In doped OLEDs, these luminogens can afford higher ηext values of 21.7−24.4% because of enhanced PL efficiencies and/or improved exciton recombination efficiencies. Noticeably, both nondoped OLEDs and doped OLEDs at high doping concentrations enjoy very small efficiency roll‐offs. These findings reveal that the proposed design strategy is feasible and applicable for constructing new AIDF luminogens for the fabrication of high‐performance OLEDs with greatly advanced efficiency stability.
Evaluating a Web‐based Point‐of‐care Ultrasound Curriculum for the Diagnosis of Intussusception
Authors: Lin‐Martore Margaret , Olvera Michael P. , Kornblith Aaron E. , Zapala Matthew , Addo Newton , Lin Michelle , Werner Heidi C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesIntussusception is a pediatric medical emergency that can be difficult to diagnose. Radiology‐performed ultrasound is the diagnostic study of choice but may lead to delays due to lack of availability. Point‐of‐care ultrasound for intussusception (POCUS‐I) studies have shown excellent accuracy and reduced lengths of stay, but there are limited POCUS‐I training materials for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) providers.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study assessing PEM physicians undergoing a primarily Web‐based POCUS‐I curriculum. We developed the POCUS‐I curriculum using Kern’s six‐step model. The curriculum included a Web‐based module and a brief, hands‐on practice that was developed with a board‐certified pediatric radiologist. POCUS‐I technical skill, knowledge, and confidence were determined by a direct observation checklist, multiple‐choice test, and a self‐reported Likert‐scale survey, respectively. We assessed participants immediately pre‐ and postcourse as well as 3 months later to assess for retention of skill, knowledge, and confidence.ResultsA total of 17 of 17 eligible PEM physicians at a single institution participated in the study. For the direct observation skills test, participants scored well after the course with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) score of 20 of 22 (20–21) and maintained high scores even after 3 months (20 [20–21]). On the written knowledge test, there was significant improvement from 57.4% (95% CI = 49.8 to 65.2) to 75.3% (95% CI = 68.1 to 81.6; p < 0.001) and this improvement was maintained at 3 months at 81.2% (95% CI = 74.5 to 86.8). Physicians also demonstrated improved confidence with POCUS‐I after exposure to the curriculum, with 5.9% reporting somewhat or very confident prior to the course to 76.5% both after the course and after 3 months (p < 0.001).ConclusionAfter a primarily Web‐based curriculum for POCUS‐I, PEM physicians performed well in technical skill in POCUS‐I and showed improvement in knowledge and confidence, all of which were maintained over 3 months.
Is the evolution of carnivory connected with genome size reduction?
Authors: Veleba Adam , Zedek František , Horová Lucie , Veselý Pavel , Srba Miroslav , Šmarda Petr , Bureš Petr 
Published: September 2020

PremiseAs repeatedly shown, the remarkable variation in the genome size of angiosperms can be shaped by extrinsic selective pressures, including nutrient availability. Carnivory has evolved independently in 10 angiosperm clades, but all carnivorous plants share a common affinity to nutrient‐poor habitats. As such, carnivory and genome reduction could be responses to the same environmental pressure. Indeed, the smallest genomes among flowering plants are found in the carnivorous family Lentibulariaceae, where a unique mutation in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is suspected to promote genome miniaturization. Despite these hypotheses, a phylogenetically informed test of genome size and nutrient availability across carnivorous clades has so far been missing.MethodsUsing linear mixed models, we compared genome sizes of 127 carnivorous plants from 7 diverse angiosperm clades with 1072 of their noncarnivorous relatives. We also tested whether genome size in Lentibulariaceae reflects the presence of the COX mutation.ResultsThe genome sizes of carnivorous plants do not differ significantly from those of their noncarnivorous relatives. Based on available data, no significant association between the COX mutation and genome miniaturization could be confirmed, not even when considering polyploidy.ConclusionsCarnivory alone does not seem to significantly affect genome size decrease. Plausibly, it might actually counterbalance the effect of nutrient limitation on genome size evolution. The role of the COX mutation in genome miniaturization needs to be evaluated by analysis of a broader data set because current knowledge of its presence across Lentibulariaceae covers less than 10% of the species diversity in this family.