bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence of Convective Updraft Ensembles With Respect to the Grid Spacing of Atmospheric Models
Authors: Sueki Kenta , Yamaura Tsuyoshi , Yashiro Hisashi , Nishizawa Seiya , Yoshida Ryuji , Kajikawa Yoshiyuki , Tomita Hirofumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAtmospheric deep moist convection can organize into cloud systems, which impact the Earth's climate significantly. High‐resolution simulations that correctly reproduce organized cloud systems are necessary to understand the role of deep convection in the Earth's climate system. However, there remain issues regarding convergence with respect to grid spacing. To investigate the resolution necessary for a reasonable simulation of deep convection, we conducted grid‐refinement experiments using state‐of‐the‐art atmospheric models. We found that the structure of an updraft ensemble in an organized cloud system converges at progressively smaller scales as the grid spacing is reduced. The gap between two adjacent updrafts converges to a particular distance when the grid spacing becomes as small as 1/20–1/40 of the updraft radius. We also found that the converged inter‐updraft distance value is not significantly different between Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes simulations and large eddy simulations for grid spacings in the terra incognita range.
On the Observation of Electrostatic Harmonics Associated With EMIC Waves
Authors: Zhu Hui , Chen Lunjin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we report two events of electrostatic harmonics associated with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves recorded by the Van Allen Probes. Based on the wave and plasma measurements, the wave features are investigated and the possible generation mechanism is discussed. The frequencies of these electrostatic emissions are at the integer and fractional frequencies of the fundamental EMIC waves, which can be across and above the local proton gyrofrequencies. When the frequencies increase, the electric power spectral densities of the electrostatic waves decrease, and their durations become shorter. Considering the bidirectional propagation of the fundamental EMIC waves, we propose that wave‐wave resonance probably accounts for the generation of the observed electrostatic emissions. The calculation of cross bicoherence index supports this scenario. This study analyzes a type of electrostatic harmonic wave associated with EMIC waves, essentially different from the electromagnetic harmonics reported before, and provides new insight into the evolution of EMIC waves.
Anatomy of a Caldera Collapse: Kīlauea 2018 Summit Seismicity Sequence in High Resolution
Authors: Shelly David R. , Thelen Weston A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe 2018 Kīlauea eruption and caldera collapse generated intense cycles of seismicity tied to repeated large seismic (Mw ~ 5) collapse events associated with magma withdrawal from beneath the summit. To gain insight into the underlying dynamics and aid eruption response, we applied waveform‐based earthquake detection and double‐difference location as the eruption unfolded. Here, we augment these rapid results by grouping events based on patterns of correlation‐derived phase polarities across the network. From April 29 to August 6, bracketing the eruption, we used ~2,800 events cataloged by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory to detect and precisely locate 44,000+ earthquakes. Resulting hypocentroids resolve complex, yet coherent structures, concentrated at shallow depths east of Halema'uma'u crater, beneath the eventual eastern perimeter of surface collapse. Based on a preponderance of dilatational P wave first motions and similarities with previously inferred dike structures, we hypothesize that failure was dominated by coupled shear and crack closure.
Periodical Dipolarization Processes in Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Jiang K. , Fu H. S. , Yuan Z. G. , Deng X. H. , Li H. M. , Xu S. B. , He L. H. , Wei Y. Y. , Zhang J. , Zhang Z. H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing high‐resolution data of Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we observed a gradual but periodical dipolarization process (DPs) in the Earth's magnetotail for the first time. These sub‐DPs, characterized by increase of Bz component and magnetic magnitude Bt, have a period of ~16 s. The electrons have a cigar distribution in the first three sub‐DPs but have a pancake distribution in the last sub‐DP, which excites two oppositely propagating whistler waves. At the trailing boundary of the last sub‐DP, Bz decreases sharply. Meanwhile, strong tailward and duskward plasma flow, intense current, ion and electron demagnetization, and positive energy conversion from the fields to the plasmas are observed at this boundary. By comparing the motion of this boundary with the plasma flow, we infer that the flow rebounds in longer period of the last DP and causes perpendicular electron acceleration. The periodical sub‐DPs and kinetic effects on the DP could improve our understanding of substorm and the magnetotail dynamics.
A de novo variant in the human HIST1H4J gene causes a syndrome analogous to the HIST1H4C-associated neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Tessadori Federico , Rehman Atteeq U. , Giltay Jacques C. , Xia Fan , Streff Haley , Duran Karen , Bakkers Jeroen , Lalani Seema R. , van Haaften Gijs 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report here a de novo missense variant in HIST1H4J resulting in a complex syndrome combining growth delay, microcephaly and intellectual disability. Trio whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed that the proband was heterozygous for a de novo c.274 A > G p.(K91E) variant in HIST1H4J, a gene not yet associated with human disease. The patient presented with profound intellectual disability, microcephaly, and dysmorphic facial features. Functional consequences of the identified de novo missense variant were evaluated in zebrafish embryos, where they affected general development, especially resulting in defective head organs and reduced body axis length. Our results show that the monoallelic p.K91E substitution on HIST1H4J underlies a human syndrome that is genetically and phenotypically akin to the HIST1H4C-associated neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from p.K91A and p.K91Q substitions in HIST1H4C. The highly overlapping patient phenotypes highlight functional similarities between HIST1H4J and HIST1H4C perturbations, establishing the singular importance of K91 across histone H4 genes for vertebrate development.
Molecular response of Deinococcus radiodurans to simulated microgravity explored by proteometabolomic approach
Authors: Ott Emanuel , Fuchs Felix M. , Moeller Ralf , Hemmersbach Ruth , Kawaguchi Yuko , Yamagishi Akihiko , Weckwerth Wolfram , Milojevic Tetyana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRegarding future space exploration missions and long-term exposure experiments, a detailed investigation of all factors present in the outer space environment and their effects on organisms of all life kingdoms is advantageous. Influenced by the multiple factors of outer space, the extremophilic bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans has been long-termly exposed outside the International Space Station in frames of the Tanpopo orbital mission. The study presented here aims to elucidate molecular key components in D. radiodurans, which are responsible for recognition and adaptation to simulated microgravity. D. radiodurans cultures were grown for two days on plates in a fast-rotating 2-D clinostat to minimize sedimentation, thus simulating reduced gravity conditions. Subsequently, metabolites and proteins were extracted and measured with mass spectrometry-based techniques. Our results emphasize the importance of certain signal transducer proteins, which showed higher abundances in cells grown under reduced gravity. These proteins activate a cellular signal cascade, which leads to differences in gene expressions. Proteins involved in stress response, repair mechanisms and proteins connected to the extracellular milieu and the cell envelope showed an increased abundance under simulated microgravity. Focusing on the expression of these proteins might present a strategy of cells to adapt to microgravity conditions.
Plasma dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated Matrix Gla-Protein (dp-ucMGP): reference intervals in Caucasian adults and diabetic kidney disease biomarker potential
Authors: Griffin Tomás Patrick , Islam Md Nahidul , Wall Deirdre , Ferguson John , Griffin Damian Gerard , Griffin Matthew Dallas , O’Shea Paula M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent studies suggest a possible association between dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study aimed to establish normative data in an adult Caucasian population and to explore the potential utility of dp-ucMGP in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Healthy volunteers (HVs) (cross-sectional study) and participants with DM (prospective cohort study) were recruited. Plasma dp-ucMGP was measured using the IDS®-iSYS Ina Ktif (dp-ucMGP) assay. Of the HVs recruited (n = 208), 67(32.2%) were excluded leaving a reference population of 141(67.8%) metabolically healthy participants with normal kidney function. Plasma dp-ucMGP RIs were <300–532 pmol/L. There were 100 eligible participants with DKD and 92 with DM without DKD. For the identification of participants with DKD, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for dp-ucMGP was 0.842 (95%CI:0.799–0.880; p < 0.001). Plasma dp-ucMGP demonstrated similar ability to urine albumin:creatinine ratio (uACR) to detect participants with DM and renal function decline. Among patients with DM, there was a negative correlation between natural log (LN) dp-ucMGP and eGFR (r = −0.7041; p < 0.001) and rate of change in renal function [%change (r = −0.4509; p < 0.001)] and a positive correlation between LN dp-ucMGP and LN uACR (r = 0.3392; p < 0.001). These results suggest the potential for plasma dp-ucMGP with well-defined RIs to identify adults at high risk for vascular disease in the context of progressive DKD.
HIV-Negative Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis Results in a Persistent Frontal-Subcortical Syndrome
Authors: Traino Katherine , Snow Joseph , Ham Lillian , Summers Angela , Segalà Laura , Shirazi Talia , Biassou Nadia , Panackal Anil , Anjum Seher , Marr Kieren A. , Kreisl William C. , Bennett John E. , Williamson Peter R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwenty-seven previously healthy (of 36 consecutive eligible patients), HIV-negative cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) patients underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation during the late post-treatment period (1.3–4 years post diagnosis), assessing attention, language, learning, memory, visuospatial, executive function, information processing, psychomotor functioning, as well as mood symptoms. Seven of eight domains (all except attention) showed increased percentages of CM patients scoring in the less than 16th percentile range compared to standardized normative test averages, adjusted for education level and age. Comparison with a matched archival dataset of mild cognitive impairment/Alzheimer’s disease patients showed that CM patients exhibited relative deficits in psychomotor and executive function with fewer deficits in memory and learning, consistent with a frontal-subcortical syndrome. MRI evaluation at the time of testing demonstrated an association of lower neuropsychological functioning with ventriculomegaly. These studies suggest that CM should be included in the list of treatable causes of dementia in neurological work ups. Future studies are needed to identify diagnostic and treatment regimens that may enhance neurological function after therapy.
Metabolic alterations in acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and necrosis using in vivo hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate MR spectroscopy
Authors: Moon Chung-Man , Kim Yun-Hyeon , Ahn Young-Keun , Jeong Myung-Ho , Jeong Gwang-Woo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate real-time early detection of metabolic alteration in a rat model with acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (AMI/R) injury and myocardial necrosis, as well as its correlation with intracellular pH level using in vivo hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Hyperpolarized 13C MRS was performed on the myocardium of 8 sham-operated control rats and 8 rats with AMI/R injury, and 8 sham-operated control rats and 8 rats with AMI-induced necrosis. Also, the correlations of levels of [1-13C] metabolites with pH were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation test. The AMI/R and necrosis groups showed significantly higher ratios of [1-13C] lactate (Lac)/bicarbonate (Bicar) and [1-13C] Lac/total carbon (tC), and lower ratios of 13C Bicar/Lac + alanine (Ala), and 13C Bicar/tC than those of the sham-operated control group. Moreover, the necrosis group showed significantly higher ratios of [1-13C] Lac/Bicar and [1-13C] Lac/tC, and lower ratios of 13C Bicar/Lac + Ala and 13C Bicar/tC than those of the AMI/R group. These results were consistent with the pattern for in vivo the area under the curve (AUC) ratios. In addition, levels of [1-13C] Lac/Bicar and [1-13C] Lac/tC were negatively correlated with pH levels, whereas 13C Bicar/Lac + Ala and 13C Bicar/tC levels were positively correlated with pH levels. The levels of [1-13C] Lac and 13C Bicar will be helpful for non-invasively evaluating the early stage of AMI/R and necrosis in conjunction with reperfusion injury of the heart. These findings have potential application to real-time evaluation of cardiac malfunction accompanied by changes in intracellular pH level and enzymatic activity.
Investigation on peculiar SNR variation at TianMa radio telescope
Authors: He Qingbao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChinese lunar spacecraft Chang’E-3 (CE3) and Chang’E5-T1 (CE5T1) were launched in 2013 and 2014, respectively and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations were performed. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the Tianma (TM) station experienced peculiar variation, whereas SNRs of other stations were rather stable. Further, it happened only when observing spacecraft, and showed no such variation when performing astronomical observations. Moreover, it was distinctive on X band signals, whereas it was not noticed on S band signals. Analysis showed that the SNR variation was closely related with changing rate of elevation angle. Further investigations discovered that there were two sets of antenna control software at TM station, and the SNR variation originated from a bug in elevation control software used for observing spacecraft, not for astronomical observations. The bug caused big pointing error (around ± 30 as) on elevation angle of TM, which resulted in the peculiar SNR variation. It was not noticed on S band signals due to its relatively wide and flat main beam comparing with ± 30 as pointing error. However, the bug was fixed in software update in July, 2016, and the SNR of TM showed no such variation in 2017 and 2018.
Synchronous inhibition of mTOR and VEGF/NRP1 axis impedes tumor growth and metastasis in renal cancer
Authors: Pal Krishnendu , Madamsetty Vijay Sagar , Dutta Shamit Kumar , Wang Enfeng , Angom Ramcharan Singh , Mukhopadhyay Debabrata 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is known for its highly vascular phenotype which is associated with elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF). Accordingly, VEGF has been an attractive target for antiangiogenic therapies in ccRCC. Two major strategies have hitherto been utilized for VEGF-targeted antiangiogenic therapies: targeting VEGF by antibodies, ligand traps or aptamers, and targeting the VEGF receptor signaling via antibodies or small-molecule tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In the present article we utilized two entirely different approaches: targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway that is known to be involved in VEGF synthesis, and disruption of VEGF/Neuroplin-1 (NRP1) axis that is known to activate proangiogenic and pro-tumorigenic signaling in endothelial and tumor cells, respectively. Everolimus (E) and a small-molecule inhibitor EG00229 (G) were used for the inhibition of mTOR and the disruption of VEGF/NRP1 axis, respectively. We also exploited a liposomal formulation decorated with a proprietary tumor-targeting-peptide (TTP) to simultaneously deliver these two agents in a tumor-targeted manner. The TTP-liposomes encapsulating both Everolimus and EG00229 (EG-L) demonstrated higher in vitro and in vivo growth retardation than the single drug-loaded liposomes (E-L and G-L) in two different ccRCC models and led to a noticeable reduction in lung metastasis in vivo. In addition, EG-L displayed remarkable inhibition of tumor growth in a highly aggressive syngeneic immune-competent mouse model of ccRCC developed in Balb/c mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates an effective approach to achieve improved therapeutic outcome in ccRCC.
Phylogenetic rewiring in mycorrhizal–plant interaction networks increases community stability in naturally fragmented landscapes
Authors: Montesinos-Navarro Alicia , Díaz Gisela , Torres Pilar , Caravaca Fuensanta , Roldán Antonio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough ecological networks are usually considered a static representation of species’ interactions, the interactions can change when the preferred partners are absent (rewiring). In mutualistic networks, rewiring with non-preferred partners can palliate extinction cascades, contributing to communities’ stability. In spite of its significance, whether general patterns can shape the rewiring of ecological interactions remains poorly understood. Here, we show a phylogenetic constraint in the rewiring of mycorrhizal networks, so that rewired interactions (i.e., with non-preferred hosts) tend to involve close relatives of preferred hosts. Despite this constraint, rewiring increases the robustness of the fungal community to the simulated loss of their host species. We identify preferred and non-preferred hosts based on the probability that, when the two partners co-occur, they actually interact. Understanding general patterns in the rewiring of interactions can improve our predictions of community responses to interactions’ loss, which influences how global changes will affect ecosystem stability.
Vowel and Tone Identification for Mandarin Congenital Amusics: Effects of Vowel Type and Semantic Content
Authors: Li Mingshuang , Tang Wei , Liu Chang , Nan Yun , Wang Wenjing , Dong Qi 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the effects of Mandarin congenital amusia with or without lexical tone deficit (i.e., tone agnosia and pure amusia) on Mandarin vowel and tone identification in different types of vowels (e.g., monophthong, diphthongs, and triphthongs) embedded in consonant–vowel contexts with and without semantic content.MethodThirteen pure amusics (i.e., amusics with normal lexical processing), 5 tone agnosics (i.e., with lexical tone deficit), and 12 controls were screened with Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia and lexical tone tests (Nan et al., 2010;Peretz et al., 2003). Vowel-plus-tone identification tasks with the factors of vowel type and syllables with and without semantic content (e.g., real and nonsense words) were examined among the 3 groups, and identification scores were calculated in 3 formats: vowel-plus-tone identification, vowel identification, and tone identification.ResultsTone agnosics showed significantly poorer performances on identifications of vowel, tone, and vowel plus tone across monophthongs, diphthongs, and triphthongs in both real and nonsense words compared to pure amusics and controls. Their deficits were similar across the 3 types of vowels, while the deficit on vowel-plus-tone identification was more severe in nonsense words than in real words. On the other hand, pure amusics performed similarly with controls across all these conditions.ConclusionsTone agnosia might affect both musical pitch and phonological processing, resulting in deficits in lexical tone and vowel perception. On the contrary, pure amusics's effect is primarily on musical pitch perception but not on lexical tone or phonemic deficit. Vowel type did not affect speech deficits for tone agnosics, while they relied more on semantic content as a compensation.
Physiological Correlates of Fluent and Stuttered Speech Production in Preschool Children Who Stutter
Authors: Walsh Bridget , Usler Evan 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare physiological indices of sympathetic nervous system arousal recorded during fluent and stuttered utterances in a preschool children who stutter (CWS).

Method
Twenty-two 4- to 5-year-old CWS participated in the experiment. We recorded children's skin conductance response amplitude and frequency, blood pulse volume amplitude, and pulse rate as they completed a picture description task. We then compared indices of phasic sympathetic arousal recorded during stuttered versus fluent utterances. In addition, children's communication attitudes were evaluated with a self-report measure.

Results
We detected significantly higher sympathetic arousal during stuttered utterances compared to fluent utterances. Specifically, we found larger skin conductance responses occurring at an increased frequency and decreased blood pulse volume amplitudes during stuttered speech. The behavioral measure indicated a negative communication attitude in only one-third of the participants.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that preschool CWS may exhibit higher levels of sympathetic arousal during stuttered speech compared to when they are speaking fluently. We discuss the potential impact of increased sympathetic arousal on speech regulatory mechanisms in early childhood stuttering and present questions to guide future research.
Ethical Considerations in Supervision: Familiarity Is Your Friend
Authors: Passe Melissa 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This article will discuss the ASHA Code of Ethics and its application to the supervision of various individuals throughout the continuum of professional practice. Additionally, it will discuss the pitfalls of social media where ethics is concerned. Although the focus of this article will remain in the field of speech-language pathology, the Code and circumstances surrounding such can easily be applied to the supervision/precepting of audiologists as well.

Conclusion
Applying the Code to a variety of scenarios, the reader will be able to identify where violations occur and describe possible solutions to each case.
Wie können postoperativ ein Delir und eine neurokognitive Störung verhindert werden?
Authors: Yürek Fatima , Olbert Maria , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Held Heike , Knaak Cornelia , Hermes Carsten , Dubb Rolf , Kaltwasser Arnold , Monke Stefanie , Spies Claudia 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungEin postoperatives Delir (POD) geht mit einem hohen Leidensdruck für die betroffenen Patienten und ihre Angehörigen und einem großen Mehraufwand für das klinische Personal einher. Darüber hinaus belasten die entstehenden Kosten erheblich das Gesundheitssystem. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Optionen der Risikoreduktion in der postoperativen Versorgung, um ein POD und eine postoperative neurokognitive Störung zu vermeiden.