bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of galaxies in groups in the Coma Supercluster
Authors: Seth Ruchika , Raychaudhury Somak 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We take a close look at the galaxies in the Coma Supercluster and assess the role of the environment (in the form of cluster, group, and supercluster filament) in their evolution, in particular, examining the role of groups. We characterize the groups according to intrinsic properties such as richness and halo mass, as well as their position in the supercluster and proximity to the two rich clusters, Abell 1656 (Coma) and Abell 1367. We devise a new way of characterizing the local environment using a kernel density estimator. We find that apart from the dominant effects of the galaxy mass, the effect of the environment on galaxies is a complex combination of the overdensities on various scales, which is characterized in terms of membership of groups, and also of the position of the galaxy on filaments and their proximity to the infall regions of clusters. Whether the gas can be turned into stars depends upon the level of pre-processing, which plays a role in how star formation is enhanced in a given environment. Our results are consistent with gas accreted in the cold mode from the filaments, being made available to enhance star formation. Finally, we show that the Abell 1367 end of the supercluster is in the process of assembly at present, leading to heightened star formation activity, in contrast with the Coma-end of the filament system.
J1615+5452: a remnant radio galaxy in the ELAIS-N1 field
Authors: Randriamanakoto Z , Ishwara-Chandra C H , Taylor A R 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a remnant radio active galactic nucleus (AGN) J1615+5452 in the field of ELAIS-N1. GMRT continuum observations at 150, 325, and 610 MHz combined with archival data from the 1.4 GHz NVSS survey were used to derive the radio spectrum of the source. At a redshift z ∼ 0.33, J1615+5452 has a linear size of ∼100 kpc and spectral indices ranging between $\alpha ^{1400}_{610} \lt -1.5$ and $\alpha ^{325}_{150} = -0.61 \pm 0.12$. While the source has a diffuse radio emission at low frequencies, we do not find evidence of core, jets, or hotspots in the 1.4 GHz VLA data of ∼5 arcsec angular resolution. Such morphological properties coupled with a curved radio spectrum suggest that the AGN fueling mechanisms undergo a shortage of energy supply which is typical of a dying radio AGN. This is consistent with the observed steep curvature in the spectrum Δα ≈ −1, the estimated synchrotron age of $t_{\rm s}=76.0\, ^{+7.4}_{-8.7}$ Myr and a toff/ts ratio of ∼0.3.
Detecting pulsar polarization below 100 MHz with the Long Wavelength Array
Authors: Dike V , Taylor G B , Dowell J , Stovall K 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Using the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1), we examine polarized pulsar emission between 25 and 88 MHz. Polarized light from pulsars undergoes Faraday rotation as it passes through the magnetized interstellar medium. Observations from low-frequency telescopes are ideal for obtaining precise rotation measures (RMs) because the effect of Faraday rotation is proportional to the square of the observing wavelength. With these RMs, we obtained polarized pulse profiles to see how polarization changes in the 25–88 MHz range. The RMs were also used to derive values for the electron-density-weighted average Galactic magnetic field along the line of sight. We present RMs and polarization profiles of 15 pulsars acquired using data from LWA1. These results provide new insight into low-frequency polarization characteristics and pulsar emission heights, and complement measurements at higher frequencies.
A triple rollover: a third multiply imaged source at z ≈ 6 behind the Jackpot gravitational lens
Authors: Collett Thomas E , Smith Russell J 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Using a 5-h adaptive-optics-assisted observation with Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer, we have identified a doubly imaged Ly α source at a redshift of 5.975 behind the z = 0.222 lens galaxy J0946+1006 (the ‘Jackpot’). The source separation implies an Einstein radius of ∼2.5 arcsec. Combined with the two previously known Einstein rings in this lens (radii 1.4 arcsec at z = 0.609 and 2.1 arcsec at z ≈ 2.4), this system is now a unique galaxy-scale triple-source-plane lens. We show that existing lensing models for J0946+1006 successfully map the two new observed images to a common point on the z = 5.975 source plane. The new source will provide further constraints on the mass distribution in the lens and in the two previously known sources. The third source also probes two new distance scaling factors that are sensitive to the cosmological parameters of the Universe. We show that detection of a new multiply imaged emission-line source is not unexpected in observations of this depth; similar data for other known lenses should reveal a larger sample of multiple-image-plane systems for cosmography and other applications.
Comparative Genomics Reveals Evolution of a Beak Morphology Locus in a High-Altitude Songbird
Authors: Cheng Yalin , Miller Matthew J , Zhang Dezhi , Song Gang , Jia Chenxi , Qu Yanhua , Lei Fumin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Ground Tit (Pseudopodoces humilis) has lived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for ∼5.7 My and has the highest altitudinal distribution among all parids. This species has evolved an elongated beak in response to long-term selection imposed by ground-foraging and cavity-nesting habits, yet the genetic basis for beak elongation remains unknown. Here, we perform genome-wide analyses across 14 parid species and identify 25 highly divergent genomic regions that are significantly associated with beak length, finding seven candidate genes involved in bone morphogenesis and remolding. Neutrality tests indicate that a model allowing for a selective sweep in the highly conserved COL27A1 gene best explains variation in beak length. We also identify two nonsynonymous fixed mutations in the collagen domain that are predicted to be functionally deleterious yet may have facilitated beak elongation. Our study provides evidence of adaptive alleles in COL27A1 with major effects on beak elongation of Ps. humilis.
High-flow arteriovenous fistula is not associated with increased extracellular volume or right ventricular dysfunction in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Jaques David A , Davenport Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
High-output congestive heart failure secondary to high-flow arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has been reported in haemodialysis (HD) patients. As high-flow AVF (HFA) would be expected to result in fluid retention, we conducted an observational study to characterize the relationship between AVF flow (Qa) and extracellular water (ECW) in HD patients.

Methods
We measured Qa by ultrasound dilution in prevalent HD outpatients with an AVF in two dialysis centres. The ECW:total body water (TBW) ratio was measured both pre- and post-dialysis by multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. Transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) were performed as part of routine clinical management.

Results
We included 140 patients, mean age 62.7 ± 15.7 years, 60.7% male, 47.9% diabetic and 22.9% with coronary revascularization. Mean Qa was 1339 ± 761 mL/min and 22 (15.7%) patients had HFA defined as Qa &gt;2.0 L/min. Qa was positively associated with an upper arm AVF (P = 0.005), body mass index (P = 0.012) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (P = 0.047) and negatively associated with diabetes (P &lt; 0.001) and coronary revascularization (P = 0.005). The ECW:TBW ratio was positively associated with age (P &lt; 0.001), Davies comorbidity index (P = 0.034), peripheral vascular disease (P = 0.030) and NT-proBNP (P = 0.002) and negatively associated with serum albumin (P &lt; 0.001). Qa was not associated with the ECW:TBW ratio (P = 0.744). TTE parameters were not associated with Qa.

Conclusions
In our outpatient HD cohort, high AVF flow was not associated with ECW expansion, either pre- or post-dialysis when accounting for potential confounders. By controlling ECW, high access flow should not necessarily be perceived as a threat to cardiovascular physiology.
Phase 0 and window of opportunity clinical trial design in neuro-oncology: a RANO review
Authors: Vogelbaum Michael A , Krivosheya Daria , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Sanai Nader , Weller Michael , Wick Wolfgang , Soffietti Riccardo , Reardon David A , Aghi Manish K , Galanis Evanthia , Wen Patrick Y , van den Bent Martin , Chang Susan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Glioblastoma is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. Few effective chemotherapeutics are currently available, and much effort has been expended to identify new drugs capable of slowing tumor progression. The phase 0 trial design was developed to facilitate early identification of promising agents for cancer that should undergo accelerated approval. This design features an early in-human study that enrolls a small number of patients who receive subtherapeutic doses of medication with the goals of describing pharmacokinetics through drug blood level measurements and determining intratumoral concentrations of the investigational compound as well as pharmacodynamics by studying the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs. In neuro-oncology, however, the presence of the blood–brain barrier and difficulty in obtaining brain tumor tissue warrant a separate set of considerations. In this paper, we critically reviewed the protocols used in all brain tumor related in-human phase 0 and phase 0–like (“window of opportunity”) studies between 1993 and 2018, as well as ongoing clinical trials, and identified major challenges in trial design as applied to central nervous system tumors that include surgical specimen collection and storage, brain tumor drug level analysis, and confirmation of drug action. We therefore propose that phase 0 trials in neuro-oncology should include (i) only patients in whom a resection of the tumor is planned, (ii) use of clinical doses of an investigational agent, (iii) tissue sampling from enhancing and non-enhancing portions of the tumor, and (iv) assessment of drug-specific target effects. Standardization of clinical protocols for phase 0/window of opportunity studies can help accelerate the development of effective treatments for glioblastoma.
Coronavirus Disease 2019: Associated Multiple Organ Damage
Authors: Collange Olivier , Tacquard Charles , Delabranche Xavier , Leonard-Lorant Ian , Ohana Mickaël , Onea Mihaela , Anheim Mathieu , Solis Morgane , Sauer Arnaud , Baloglu Seyyid , Pessaux Patrick , Ohlmann Patrick , Kaeuffer Charlotte , Oulehri Walid , Kremer Stephane , Mertes Paul Michel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A 56-year-old man presented a particularly severe and multisystemic case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition to the common lung and quite common pulmonary embolism and kidney injuries, he presented ocular and intestinal injuries that, to our knowledge, have not been described in COVID-19 patients. Although it is difficult to make pathophysiological hypotheses about a single case, the multiplicity of injured organs argues for a systemic response to pulmonary infection. A better understanding of physiopathology should feed the discussion about therapeutic options in this type of multifocal damage related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Serum Iron Level as a Potential Predictor of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Mortality: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhao Kang , Huang Jucun , Dai Dan , Feng Yuwei , Liu Liming , Nie Shuke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Various types of pulmonary diseases are associated with iron deficiency. However, information on iron status in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is scarce.

Methods
This study included 50 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. The role of serum iron in predicting severity and mortality of COVID-19 was evaluated.

Results
The most common symptoms of COVID-19 patients in this study were cough (82%), fever (64%), and chest distress (42%). Of the 50 patients, 45 (90%) patients had abnormally low serum iron levels (&lt;7.8 μmol/L). The severity of COVID-19 was negatively correlated with serum iron levels before and after treatment and was positively correlated with C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, urea nitrogen, and myoglobin levels. Decreased serum iron level could predict the transition of COVID-19 from mild to severe and critical illness. Seven (53.8%) patients with a lower serum iron level after treatment in the critical group had died. There was a significant difference in posttreatment serum iron levels between COVID-19 survivors and nonsurvivors.

Conclusions
Serum iron deficiency was detected in the patients with COVID-19. The severity and mortality of the disease was closely correlated with serum iron levels. Low serum iron concentration was an independent risk factor for death in COVID-19 patients.
Policy Debates on Pension Reform in Chile: Economists, Masculinity and the Mobilization of Strategic Ignorance
Authors: Azocar Maria J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2016, nationwide protests in Chile demanded a major reform to the privatized pension system. However, experts saw protesters’ demands as not a viable policy option. In this study, I demonstrate how a group of free-market economists acquired authority as experts in pension policy by gendering their expertise. As a result, they have been able to deny, suppress, and dismiss knowledge on topics and views aligned with citizens’ demands. First, my research shows how experts, through gender relations, create knowledge and ignorance in policymaking processes. Second, I demonstrate how free-market capitalism is legitimated through the hegemony of masculinity.
A Composite Sketch of Fast-Spiking Parvalbumin-Positive Neurons
Authors: Bartholome Odile , de la Brassinne Bonardeaux Orianne , Neirinckx Virginie , Rogister Bernard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParvalbumin-positive neurons are inhibitory neurons that release GABA and are mostly represented by fast-spiking basket or chandelier cells. They constitute a minor neuronal population, yet their peculiar profiles allow them to react quickly to any event in the brain under normal or pathological conditions. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the fundamentals of fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive neurons, focusing on their morphology and specific channel/protein content. Next, we will explore their development, maturation, and migration in the brain. Finally, we will unravel their potential contribution to the physiopathology of epilepsy.
A Comparative Carbon Footprint Analysis of Disposable and Reusable Vaginal Specula
Authors: Donahue Laura M. , Hilton Stephen , Bell Sarah G. , Williams Brent C. , Keoleian Gregory A. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.007)
In an attempt to save time, as well as reduce costs and transmission of infections, many health care systems in the United States have increased use of disposable medical equipment, which generally decrease costs upfront compared with their reusable alternatives. Use of disposable instruments, however, is associated with increased solid waste production and may increase greenhouse gas emissions, negatively impacting the environment.
Anesthesia and Circulating Tumor Cells in Primary Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Hovaguimian Frédérique , Braun Julia , Z’graggen Birgit Roth , Schläpfer Martin , Dumrese Claudia , Ewald Christina , Dedes Konstantin J. , Fink Daniel , Rölli Urs , Seeberger Manfred , Tausch Christoph , Papassotiropoulos Bärbel , Puhan Milo A. , Beck-Schimmer Beatrice 
Published: June 2020

Background
The effect of anesthetic drugs on cancer outcomes remains unclear. This trial aimed to assess postoperative circulating tumor cell counts—an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer—to determine how anesthesia may indirectly affect prognosis. It was hypothesized that patients receiving sevoflurane would have higher postoperative tumor cell counts.

Methods
The parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted in two centers in Switzerland. Patients aged 18 to 85 yr without metastases and scheduled for primary breast cancer surgery were eligible. The patients were randomly assigned to either sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia. The patients and outcome assessors were blinded. The primary outcome was circulating tumor cell counts over time, assessed at three time points postoperatively (0, 48, and 72 h) by the CellSearch assay. Secondary outcomes included maximal circulating tumor cells value, positivity (cutoff: at least 1 and at least 5 tumor cells/7.5 ml blood), and the association between natural killer cell activity and tumor cell counts. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02005770).

Results
Between March 2014 and April 2018, 210 participants were enrolled, assigned to sevoflurane (n = 107) or propofol (n = 103) anesthesia, and eventually included in the analysis. Anesthesia type did not affect circulating tumor cell counts over time (median circulating tumor cell count [interquartile range]; for propofol: 1 [0 to 4] at 0 h, 1 [0 to 2] at 48 h, and 0 [0 to 1] at 72 h; and for sevoflurane: 1 [0 to 4] at 0 h, 0 [0 to 2] at 48 h, and 1 [0 to 2] at 72 h; rate ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 0.95 to 1.71]; P = 0.103) or positivity. In one secondary analysis, administrating sevoflurane led to a significant increase in maximal tumor cell counts postoperatively. There was no association between natural killer cell activity and circulating tumor cell counts.

Conclusions
In this randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of anesthesia on an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer, there was no difference between sevoflurane and propofol with respect to circulating tumor cell counts over time.

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Technical Trick: Dual Plate Fixation of Periprosthetic Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Medda Suman , Kessler Raymond B. , Halvorson Jason J. , Pilson Holly T. , Babcock Sharon , Carroll Eben A. 
Published: June 2020

Summary:
Treatment of periprosthetic distal femur fractures remains challenging due to assuring adequate distal fixation. Traditional treatment options include lateral locked plating and retrograde nailing, although recently dual implant constructs have been explored with promising results. Allowing immediate weight-bearing in this patient population has benefits with regards to rehabilitation and outcome. Recent literature has focused on nail–plate constructs, however plate–plate constructs are preferred at our institution as they do not require arthroplasty component compatibility, facilitate the coronal plane reduction, and allow for immediate weight-bearing.
Combination of Congenital and Deep Penetrating Nevus by Acquisition of β-Catenin Activation
Authors: Garrido Maria C , Nájera Laura , Navarro Antonia , Huerta Victoria , Garrido Enrique , Rodriguez-Peralto Jose-Luis , Requena Luis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Deep penetrating nevus (DPN) is an intradermal, sometimes compound benign melanocytic lesion, which involves the reticular dermis, occasionally reaching the subcutis, which can raise concern for melanoma both clinically and histologically. Recently, it has been genetically defined by the combination of MAPK activating and β-catenin activating mutations. We sought to investigate genetic alterations in 2 cases of combined nevi of congenital melanocytic and DPN. Case 1 was a 16-year-old woman with a pigmented lesion on the trunk since birth, which was completely excised. Histopathological examination revealed a combined congenital nevus with a DPN. Comparative genomic hybridization showed no major genetic alterations, except for gain of 6q11.1 and point mutation of B-RAF V600E. Case 2 was a 62-year-old woman with a congenital pigmented lesion on the back. The lesion was diagnosed as a combined nevus of congenital and DPN. Comparative genomic hybridization showed no genetic alterations, and the NRAS Q61K was detected in both components. DPN is in most cases part of a combined nevus. Our cases showed strong and uniform nuclear expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 in the DPN component suggesting the evolution of the congenital nevus to the DPN clone by acquiring β-catenin activating mutation.
Flapless Intrascleral Knotting Technique for Suture Fixation of Intraocular Implants
Authors: Jin Haiying , Zhang Qi 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
We will describe a flapless/grooveless/pocketless and minimally invasive technique for scleral suture fixation of intraocular implants.

Methods:
After introducing the suture into the eye, the two ends of the suture were left exterior to the globe, the free end and the end connected to a curved needle (the needle side). A back-and-forth intrascleral suture passage was performed with the aid of a curved needle. The suture was thus supported by adequate scleral tissue. The suture was fixated to the sclera by knotting it into the sclerotomy. The ends of the suture were finally anchored intrasclerally with the aid of a 30-gauge needle.

Results:
The technique was used in 15 eyes of 15 patients. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 9.1 ± 4.6 months. Postoperatively, the intraoperative lenses of all the eyes remained well-positioned and stable. The postoperative visual acuities for all of the eyes were also improved. No suture erosion, suture loosening, hypotony, scleral atrophy, chronic inflammation, retinal tears, and/or detachments were observed within the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
The present technique provides minimal surgical invasion for the scleral suture fixation of intraocular implants.
AUTOLOGOUS NEUROSENSORY RETINAL TRANSPLANT TO TREAT REFRACTORY SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT SECONDARY TO OPTIC DISK COLOBOMA
Authors: Temmerman Irene M. , Mahmoud Tamer H. , Veckeneer Marc A.H. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To describe a novel surgical technique to treat refractory serous retinal detachment in a patient with an optic disk coloboma.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 32-year-old male patient with an optic disk coloboma in his right eye was referred for recurrent retinoschisis and serous macular detachment despite multiple vitrectomies. Previous surgical procedures included peeling of internal limiting membrane and juxtapapillary laser as well as different tamponade agents such as sulfur hexafluoride gas, standard silicone oil, and heavy silicone oil. Our first approach to close the cavity using autologous platelet concentrate and gas tamponade was also unsuccessful with early recurrence of the submacular fluid. In a second attempt, an autologous neurosensory retinal transplant was used to cover the optic disk cavity. At 17-month follow-up, the macula was still attached. As a postoperative complication, the patient developed high intraocular pressure, for which laser cycloablation eventually was necessary.

Conclusion:
Autologous neurosensory retinal transplant may be a reasonable treatment option for patients with recurrent optic disk cavity–associated maculopathy.