bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are web-based personally tailored physical activity videos more effective than personally tailored text-based interventions? Results from the three-arm randomised controlled TaylorActive trial
Authors: Vandelanotte Corneel , Short Camille E , Plotnikoff Ronald C , Rebar Amanda , Alley Stephanie , Schoeppe Stephanie , Canoy Doreen F , Hooker Cindy , Power Deborah , Oldmeadow Christopher , Leigh Lucy , To Quyen , Mummery W Kerry , Duncan Mitch J 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesSome online, personally tailored, text-based physical activity interventions have proven effective. However, people tend to ‘skim’ and ‘scan’ web-based text rather than thoroughly read their contents. In contrast, online videos are more engaging and popular. We examined whether web-based personally tailored physical activity videos were more effective in promoting physical activity than personally tailored text and generic information.Methods501 adults were randomised into a video-tailored intervention, text-tailored intervention or control. Over a 3-month period, intervention groups received access to eight sessions of web-based personally tailored physical activity advice. Only the delivery method differed between intervention groups: tailored video versus tailored text. The primary outcome was 7-day ActiGraph-GT3X+ measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) assessed at 0, 3 and 9 months. Secondary outcomes included self-reported MVPA and website engagement. Differences were examined using generalised linear mixed models with intention-to-treat and multiple imputation.ResultsAccelerometer-assessed MVPA increased 23% in the control (1.23 (1.06, 1.43)), 12% in the text-tailored (1.12 (0.95, 1.32)) and 28% in the video-tailored (1.28 (1.06, 1.53)) groups at the 3-month follow-up only, though there were no significant between-group differences. Both text-tailored (1.77 (1.37, 2.28]) and video-tailored (1.37 (1.04, 1.79)) groups significantly increased self-reported MVPA more than the control group at 3 months only, but there were no differences between video-tailored and text-tailored groups. The video-tailored group spent significantly more time on the website compared with text-tailored participants (90 vs 77 min, p=0.02).ConclusionsThe personally tailored videos were not more effective than personally tailored text in increasing MVPA. The findings from this study conflict with pilot study outcomes and previous literature. Process evaluation and mediation analyses will provide further insights.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000057583
‘Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) improves renal nurses’ confidence in recognising patients approaching end of life’
Authors: Lunardi Laura , Hill Kathy , Crail Susan , Esterman Adrian , Le Leu Richard , Drummond Christine 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIdentification of people with deteriorating health is essential for quality patient-centred care and optimal management. The Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) is a guide to identifying people with deteriorating health for care planning without incorporating a prognostic time frame.ObjectivesTo improve renal nursing staff confidence in identifying patients approaching end-of-life and advocate for appropriate multidisciplinary care planning.DesignThis pilot feasibility prospective cohort study conducted in the renal ward of a major metropolitan health service during 2019 included a preintervention/postintervention survey questionnaire. A programme of education was implemented training staff to recognise end-of-life and facilitate appropriate care planning.ResultsSeveral domains in the postintervention survey demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in renal nurses’ perception of confidence in their ability to recognise end of life. Of the 210 patients admitted during the study period, 16% were recognised as SPICT positive triggering renal physicians to initiate discussions about end-of-life care planning with patients and their families and to document a plan. Six months poststudy, 72% of those patients recognised as SPICT positive had died with a documented plan of care in place.ConclusionThe use of SPICT for hospital admissions and the application of education in topics related to end-of-life care resulted in a significant improvement in nurses’ confidence in recognising deteriorating and frail patients approaching their end of life. The use of this tool also increased the number of deteriorating patients approaching end of life with goals of care documented.
Scaling COVID-19 against inequalities: should the policy response consistently match the mortality challenge?
Authors: McCartney Gerry , Leyland Alastair , Walsh David , Ruth Dundas 
Published: November 2020

Background
The mortality impact of COVID-19 has thus far been described in terms of crude death counts. We aimed to calibrate the scale of the modelled mortality impact of COVID-19 using age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy contribution against other, socially determined, causes of death in order to inform governments and the public.

Methods
We compared mortality attributable to suicide, drug poisoning and socioeconomic inequality with estimates of mortality from an infectious disease model of COVID-19. We calculated age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy contributions for the UK and its constituent nations.

Results
Mortality from a fully unmitigated COVID-19 pandemic is estimated to be responsible for a negative life expectancy contribution of −5.96 years for the UK. This is reduced to −0.33 years in the fully mitigated scenario. The equivalent annual life expectancy contributions of suicide, drug poisoning and socioeconomic inequality-related deaths are −0.25, −0.20 and −3.51 years, respectively. The negative impact of fully unmitigated COVID-19 on life expectancy is therefore equivalent to 24 years of suicide deaths, 30 years of drug poisoning deaths and 1.7 years of inequality-related deaths for the UK.

Conclusion
Fully mitigating COVID-19 is estimated to prevent a loss of 5.63 years of life expectancy for the UK. Over 10 years, there is a greater negative life expectancy contribution from inequality than around six unmitigated COVID-19 pandemics. To achieve long-term population health improvements it is therefore important to take this opportunity to introduce post-pandemic economic policies to ‘build back better’.
Effects of a participatory organisational, core work task focused workplace intervention on employees’ primary healthcare consultations: secondary analysis of a cluster RCT
Authors: Framke Elisabeth , Sørensen Ole Henning , Pedersen Line R M , Pedersen Jacob , Madsen Ida E H , Bjorner Jakob B , Rugulies Reiner 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to examine whether a participatory organisational workplace intervention focusing on core tasks at work resulted in lower primary healthcare utilisation of employees.MethodsThe cluster randomised controlled trial included 78 preschools, 44 allocated to the intervention group (1745 employees) and 34 allocated to the control group (1267 employees). The intervention aimed to involve employees in improving the psychosocial work environment while focusing on core tasks at work. Using Poisson regression, we tested the rate ratios (RRs) of consultations in the intervention compared with the control group in terms of all consultations in primary healthcare and general practitioner (GP) consultations, respectively, per person-year during 31 months of follow-up. The fully adjusted model included adjustment for sex, age, job group, workplace type and size, and previous primary healthcare utilisation.ResultsDuring the follow-up, intervention group employees had 11.0 consultations/person-year, while control group employees had 11.6 consultations/person-year (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.01). Employees in the intervention group had 7.5 GP consultations/person-year, while control group employees had 8.2 GP consultations/person-year (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.99). Post hoc analyses indicated that the effect of the intervention was particularly strong in employees in preschools with a moderate or high level of implementation.ConclusionsThe participatory organisational workplace intervention focusing on core tasks at work among preschool employees had a small, statistically non-significant effect on overall primary healthcare utilisation and a small, statistically significant effect on GP consultations. These results suggest a beneficial effect of the participatory organisational intervention on employees’ health.Trial registration numberISRCTN16271504
On the Roman {2}-domatic number of graphs
Authors: Giahtazeh A. , Maimani H. R. , Iranmanesh A. 
Published: November 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph. A Roman[Formula: see text]-dominating function [Formula: see text] has the property that for every vertex [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], either [Formula: see text] is adjacent to a vertex assigned [Formula: see text] under [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text] is adjacent to at least two vertices assigned [Formula: see text] under [Formula: see text]. A set [Formula: see text] of distinct Roman [Formula: see text]-dominating functions on [Formula: see text] with the property that [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text] is called a Roman[Formula: see text]-domination family (or functions) on [Formula: see text]. The maximum number of functions in a Roman [Formula: see text]-dominating family on [Formula: see text] is the Roman[Formula: see text]-domatic number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we answer two conjectures of Volkman [L. Volkmann, The Roman [Formula: see text]-domatic number of graphs, Discrete Appl. Math. 258 (2019) 235–241] about Roman [Formula: see text]-domatic number of graphs and we study this parameter for join of graphs and complete bipartite graphs.
On the forgotten topological index of graphs
Authors: Jahanbani Akbar 
Published: November 2020

The forgotten topological index of a graph [Formula: see text] is defined as the sum of weights [Formula: see text] over all edges [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the degrees of the vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], respectively. In this paper, we characterize the extremal properties of the F-index (forgotten topological index). We first introduce some graph transformations which increase or decrease this index. Furthermore, we will determine the extremal acyclic, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs with minimum and maximum of the F-index by a unified method, respectively. Recently, Akhter et al. [S. Akhter, M. Imran and M. R. Farahani, Extremal unicyclic and bicyclic graphs with respect to the F-index, AKCE Int. J. Graphs Comb. 14 (2017) 80–91] characterized the extremal graph of unicyclic and bicyclic graphs with minimum of the F-index. We will provide a shorter proof.
Urinary Melatonin in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk: Nested Case–Control Analysis in the DOM Study and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Wong Angel T.Y. , Fensom Georgina K. , Key Timothy J. , Onland-Moret N. Charlotte , Tong Tammy Y.N. , Travis Ruth C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground:Exposure to higher levels of melatonin may be associated with lower breast cancer risk, but epidemiologic evidence has been limited. We examined the relationship in a case–control study nested within the Diagnostisch Onderzoek Mammacarcinoom (DOM) study and conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies.Methods:Concentrations of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) in prediagnostic first morning urine voids were measured in 274 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer and 274 matched controls from the DOM study. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable adjusted ORs of breast cancer for thirds of aMT6s. Meta-analysis of this and previous prospective studies of urinary melatonin with breast cancer risk estimated the inverse-variance weighted averages of study-specific log RRs of breast cancer for the highest versus lowest levels of aMT6s.Results:In the DOM study, the ORs of breast cancer for the middle and highest versus lowest thirds of aMT6s were 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45–1.09] and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.44–1.19), respectively. In the meta-analysis of the DOM study with six previous studies (2,296 cases), RR of breast cancer for the highest versus lowest levels of aMT6s was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.76–1.01).Conclusions:Results from the DOM study, together with the published prospective data, do not support a strong association of melatonin with breast cancer risk.Impact:This study adds to the relatively scarce prospective data on melatonin in relation to breast cancer risk. The totality of the prospective evidence does not clearly show an association between melatonin and breast cancer risk, but further data are needed to be able to exclude a modest association.
Pre- and Post-Diagnosis Diet Quality and Ovarian Cancer Survival
Authors: Al Ramadhani Ruqaiya M. , Nagle Christina M. , Ibiebele Torukiri I. , Grant Peter , Friedlander Michael , DeFazio Anna , Webb Penelope M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Prior studies evaluating diet quality in relation to ovarian cancer survival are sparse, and to date none have assessed diet quality or diet-quality change after diagnosis.

Methods:
In the prospective Ovarian cancer Prognosis And Lifestyle (OPAL) study, diet-quality scores were calculated using data from food frequency questionnaires completed pre-diagnosis (n = 650) and 12 months' post-diagnosis (n = 503). We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between diet quality and survival.

Results:
During the median follow-up of 4.4 years, 278 women died from ovarian cancer. There was no evidence of an association between diet quality pre- or post-diagnosis and progression-free, overall, or ovarian cancer–specific survival. No survival advantage was observed for women who had either improved their diet quality or who consumed a high-quality diet both before and 12 months after diagnosis.

Conclusions:
Higher pre- and post-diagnosis diet quality was not associated with better survival outcomes in this cohort of women with ovarian cancer.

Impact:
Diet quality is important for a range of health outcomes but may not improve survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Tree‐Based Machine Learning to Identify and Understand Major Determinants for Stroke at the Neighborhood Level
Authors: Hu Liangyuan , Liu Bian , Ji Jiayi , Li Yan 
Published: November 2020

Background
Stroke is a major cardiovascular disease that causes significant health and economic burden in the United States. Neighborhood community‐based interventions have been shown to be both effective and cost‐effective in preventing cardiovascular disease. There is a dearth of robust studies identifying the key determinants of cardiovascular disease and the underlying effect mechanisms at the neighborhood level. We aim to contribute to the evidence base for neighborhood cardiovascular health research.

Methods and Results
We created a new neighborhood health data set at the census tract level by integrating 4 types of potential predictors, including unhealthy behaviors, prevention measures, sociodemographic factors, and environmental measures from multiple data sources. We used 4 tree‐based machine learning techniques to identify the most critical neighborhood‐level factors in predicting the neighborhood‐level prevalence of stroke, and compared their predictive performance for variable selection. We further quantified the effects of the identified determinants on stroke prevalence using a Bayesian linear regression model. Of the 5 most important predictors identified by our method, higher prevalence of low physical activity, larger share of older adults, higher percentage of non‐Hispanic Black people, and higher ozone levels were associated with higher prevalence of stroke at the neighborhood level. Higher median household income was linked to lower prevalence. The most important interaction term showed an exacerbated adverse effect of aging and low physical activity on the neighborhood‐level prevalence of stroke.

Conclusions
Tree‐based machine learning provides insights into underlying drivers of neighborhood cardiovascular health by discovering the most important determinants from a wide range of factors in an agnostic, data‐driven, and reproducible way. The identified major determinants and the interactive mechanism can be used to prioritize and allocate resources to optimize community‐level interventions for stroke prevention.
Baseline ECG and Prognosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: The Role of Interatrial Block
Authors: Vicent Lourdes , Fernández‐Cordón Clara , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Escobar‐Robledo Luis Alberto , Ayesta Ana , Ariza Solé Albert , Gómez‐Doblas Juan José , Bernal Eva , Tirado‐Conte Gabriela , Cobiella Javier , González‐Saldivar Hugo , López‐Otero Diego , Díez‐Villanueva Pablo , Sarnago Fernando , Armario Xavier , Bayés‐de-Luna Antonio , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , Fadeuilhe Grau Edgar , Serra Antonio , Arzamendi Dabit , Millán Xavier , Díez‐delHoyo Felipe , Grigorian Lilian , Juárez Miriam , Vázquez M Eugenia , Sanz Ricardo , Gutiérrez Enrique , Elízaga Jaime , Fernández‐Avilés Francisco , Alvarado Casas Teresa , Alfonso Fernando , Albarrán González de Trevilla Agustín , García Tejada Julio , Gómez Blázquez Iván Tomás , Sarnago Fernando , Guerrero Morales Carme , Avanzas Pablo , Persia Yvan , Moris Cesar , Cobiella Javier , Sanmartin Pena Xoan Carlos , Lopez Pais Javier , Muñoz Antonio , Muñoz Erika , Hernández José María 
Published: November 2020

Background
The clinical significance of conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been described; however, little is known about the influence of baseline ECGs in the prognosis of these patients. Our aim was to study the influence of baseline ECG parameters, including interatrial block (IAB), in the prognosis of patients treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Methods and Results

The BIT (Baseline Interatrial Block and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) registry included 2527 patients with aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. A centralized analysis of baseline ECGs was performed. Patients were divided into 4 groups: normal P wave duration (<120 ms); partial IAB (P wave duration ≥120 ms, positive in the inferior leads); advanced IAB (P wave duration ≥120 ms, biphasic [+/–] morphology in the inferior leads); and nonsinus rhythm (atrial fibrillation/flutter and paced rhythm). The mean age of patients was 82.6±9.8 years and 1397 (55.3%) were women. A total of 960 patients (38.0%) had a normal P wave, 582 (23.0%) had partial IAB, 300 (11.9%) had advanced IAB, and 685 (27.1%) presented with nonsinus rhythm. Mean follow‐up duration was 465±171 days. Advanced IAB was the only independent predictor of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10–1.98 [
P
=0.010]) and of the composite end point (death/stroke/new atrial fibrillation) (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.17–1.94 [
P
=0.001]).

Conclusions
Baseline ECG characteristics influence the prognosis of patients with aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Advanced IAB is present in about an eighth of patients and is associated with all‐cause death and the composite end point of death, stroke, and new atrial fibrillation during follow‐up.
Fibrin and Platelet-Rich Composition in Retrieved Thrombi Hallmarks Stroke With Active Cancer
Authors: Fu Chuan-Hsiu , Chen Chih-Hao , Lin Yen-Heng , Lee Chung-Wei , Tsai Li-Kai , Tang Sung-Chun , Shun Chia-Tung , Jeng Jiann-Shing 
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose:
We aim to investigate whether histopathologic examination of thrombi retrieved from acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment could distinguish cancer-related stroke from other etiologies.

Methods:
Thrombi from patients undergoing endovascular treatment were analyzed. The etiology of stroke was divided into cardioembolism, large artery atherosclerosis, and active cancer groups. All selected thrombi were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. The percentages of fibrin/platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells within a thrombus were quantified.

Results:

One-hundred fifty-two patients (active cancer, 19; cardioembolism, 107; large artery atherosclerosis, 26) were included. Thrombi from the active cancer group exhibited a higher fibrin/platelet composition than did those from the cardioembolism and large artery atherosclerosis groups (median, 85.7% versus 43.9% and 42.5%;
P
<0.001). Fibrin/platelet composition was the only independent factor (odds ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02–1.08]) in differentiating cancer-related stroke from stroke caused by cardioembolism and large artery atherosclerosis. A fibrin/platelet proportion of ≥65% accurately predicted cancer-related stroke (area under the curve, 0.84;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
In thrombi retrieved from patients undergoing endovascular treatment, a high fibrin/platelet composition was a probable indicator of cancer-related stroke.
Iconicity and interpretability in language emergence
Authors: Hudson Kam Carla L. , Tkachman Oksana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The iconic potential of sign languages suggests that the establishment of a conventionalized set of form-meaning pairings should be relatively easy. However, even an iconic form has to be interpreted correctly for it to conventionalize. In sign languages, spatial modulations are used to indicate real spatial relationships (locative) and grammatical relations. The former is a more-or-less direct representation of how things are situated with respect to each other. Grammatical space, in contrast, is more abstract. As such, the former would seem to be more interpretable than the latter, and so on the face of it, should be more likely to conventionalize in a new sign language. But in at least one emerging sign language the grammatical use of space is conventionalizing first. We argue that this is due to the grammatical use of space being easier to understand correctly, using data from four experiments investigating hearing non-signers interpretation of spatially modulated gestures.
A 10-Year Climatology of Mesoscale Convective Systems and Their Synoptic Circulations in the Southwest Mountain Area of China
Authors: Meng Yanan , Sun Jianhua , Zhang Yuanchun , Fu Shenming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHourly blackbody temperature data from the warm seasons (May–September) of 2009–18 were used to detect mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) generated in the southwest mountain area (elevation ≥ 500 m) of China. A total of 3059 MCSs were grouped into four categories (C1, C2, C3, and C4) according to their generation positions using K-means clustering. Major characteristics of the four types of MCSs and their synoptic environmental conditions were investigated. The MCSs had a peak in July and a minimum in May, and usually lasted from 3 to 21 h. The C1 MCSs generated in the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau developed faster, were largest, and had a longer lifespan. The C2 and C4 MCSs had greater intensity and were initiated in the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau and the west of the Yungui Plateau, and near the Wuling and Xuefeng Mountains, respectively. The C3 MCSs initiated in the Qinling, Ta-pa, and Wushan Mountains were smallest. The C1 and C2 MCSs contributed more than 30% to total precipitation, which was more than the C3 and C4 MCSs (<25%), and the contribution rate of MCSs to short-duration heavy rainfall affected by local MCSs was over 60%. Composite synoptic circulations of the four types of MCSs showed several factors, including the locations and intensities of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and high pressure in the Indochina Peninsula in the low-to-middle troposphere, and vortexes or southwesterly winds in the low-level troposphere, regulate the location and intensity of convection.