bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age as a decisive factor in general anaesthesia use in paediatric proton beam therapy
Authors: Shimazu Yuzo , Otsuki Rie , Murakami Masao , Konishi Akio , Kan Keiichi , Seto Ichiro , Yamaguchi Hisashi , Tsubokura Masaharu , Hattori Hisashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProton therapy for paediatric cancer patients is an effective treatment; however, young children have may have difficulties staying still during irradiation. This study investigated the indication of general anaesthesia in paediatric proton therapy. Background information and anaesthesia/treatment protocols were retrospectively extracted from the medical records of cancer patients under 15 years who underwent proton therapy at Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan between April 2016 and December 2018. The anaesthesia and non-anaesthesia groups were compared to evaluate factors determining the need for general anaesthesia. Thirty-two patients who received 285 irradiations were analysed. The median age was 5 years old (range: 1–15), and 13 patients (40.6%) were female. Twelve (37.5%) patients received general anaesthesia. In the general anaesthesia group, airway management using a laryngeal mask was performed in 11 patients (91.6%). Patient age was significantly lower in the general anaesthesia group than in the non-anaesthetised group (p < 0.001). Considering all background factors, only age was strongly associated with anaesthesia in the univariate logistic regression model (odds ratio 0.55 [95% confidence interval 0.35–0.86]; P < 0.01). Thus, age is one of the most important factors determining the need for general anaesthesia during proton therapy in children.
Perfluoropolyether-benzophenone as a highly durable, broadband anti-reflection, and anti-contamination coating
Authors: Lim Soo Min , Lee Myoung Sook , Sohn Eun-Ho , Lee Sang-Goo , Park In Jun , Kang Hong Suk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnti-reflection and anti-contamination coatings prepared from fluorinated polymers have widespread and important applications, ranging from protective films for corrosion resistance to high-tech microelectronics and medical devices due to their transparency, low refractive index, stain resistance, and antifouling properties. However, the application of existing coatings is hindered by low surface adhesion to the target substrate and weakness when exposed to mechanical stress or damage, resulting in significant limitations to their practical applications. Herein, we incorporate perfluoropolyether (PFPE) with benzophenone (BP) to develop an efficient coating material (PFPE-BP) possessing broadband anti-reflectivity, anti-contamination properties, excellent abrasion resistance, and stability under elevated temperatures and relative humidity. The presence of BP allows the coating materials to be homogeneously mixed with a commercial hard coating solution to uniformly coat the target substrate. Furthermore, UV light irradiation on the coating surface results in excellent adhesion between BP groups of PFPE-BP and the hard coating matrix.
Hysteresis branch crossing and the Stoner–Wohlfarth model
Authors: Mathews Scott A. , Ehrlich Alexander C. , Charipar Nicholas A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Stoner–Wohlfarth model predicts the crossing of the ascending and descending branches of the hysteretic magnetization curve. This crossing behavior has widely been dismissed, with the claim that it violates the laws of thermodynamics. Experimental verification of hysteresis branch crossing has not been acknowledged in the literature. Here we show, both theoretically and experimentally, that the crossing of the ascending and descending branches of the magnetization curve is a robust, reproducible phenomenon which does not violate any fundamental law.
Water droplet friction and rolling dynamics on superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Backholm Matilda , Molpeceres Daniel , Vuckovac Maja , Nurmi Heikki , Hokkanen Matti J. , Jokinen Ville , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Ras Robin H. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuperhydrophobicity is a remarkable surface property found in nature and mimicked in many engineering applications, including anti-wetting, anti-fogging, and anti-fouling coatings. As synthetic superhydrophobic coatings approach the extreme non-wetting limit, quantification of their slipperiness becomes increasingly challenging: although contact angle goniometry remains widely used as the gold standard method, it has proven insufficient. Here, micropipette force sensors are used to directly measure the friction force of water droplets moving on super-slippery superhydrophobic surfaces that cannot be quantified with contact angle goniometry. Superhydrophobic etched silicon surfaces with tunable slipperiness are investigated as model samples. Micropipette force sensors render up to three orders of magnitude better force sensitivity than using the indirect contact angle goniometry approach. We directly measure a friction force as low as 7 ± 4 nN for a millimetric water droplet moving on the most slippery surface. Finally, we combine micropipette force sensors with particle image velocimetry and reveal purely rolling water droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces.
Research on the Network Teaching of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Universities under the epidemic situation – Take Guangzhou Nanyang Polytechnic College as an example
Authors: Yan Li 
Published: September 2020

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 is unprecedented in its scope and impact. Under the epidemic situation, the special “classroom” under the completely virtual state brought by the implementation of network teaching brings challenges and tests to the ideological and political theory course teaching in colleges and universities, and also provides an opportunity for reform and innovation.
Ideological and political theory course is a key course for the implementation of moral education. In the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, it plays a role in the publicity and education of college students and the guidance of public opinion. For the further implementation of xi jinping, general secretary of COVID 19 epidemic prevention and control of a series of important speech and the important instructions instructions spirit, and the Ministry of Education “closed on teaching, not suspended” requirements, our hospital rapid response, positive response, to carry out the ideological and political theory course network teaching boost war “epidemic” confidence, to ensure the successful completion of the teaching task. In this process, the author realized the shortcomings of our school’s horse academy in information literacy, high-quality online course construction and other aspects, and made clear the direction of reform and innovation.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of 23 Korean Patients with
Haploinsufficiency of the Short-stature Homeobox-containing Gene
Authors: Lee Jeong-Seon , Kim Hwa Young , Lee Young-Ah , Lee Seong-Young , Cho Tae-Joon , Ko Jung Min 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The short-stature homeobox-containing gene (SHOX) is
one of the major growth genes in humans. The clinical spectrum of SHOX
haploinsufficiency ranges from Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis to
idiopathic short stature. Herein, we describe the clinical and genetic
characteristics of 23 Korean patients with SHOX deficiency disorders.
Methods Medical records of 23 patients (19 females and 4 males) from 15
unrelated families who were genetically confirmed to have SHOX deficiency
were retrospectively reviewed. SHOX gene deletions or mutations were
determined by sequence analyses using multiplex ligation-dependent probe
amplification, chromosomal microarray, and/or Sanger sequencing
methods.
Results In the 15 families, 9 probands were de novo cases. All 23
patients showed mesomelia. Madelung deformity and tibia vara were observed in 13
(56.5%) and 3 (13.1%) patients, respectively. Genetically, 11
(73.3%) of the 15 families showed SHOX deletions of various
sizes, and the other 4 families harboured SHOX sequence variants. Four
patients had undergone orthopaedic surgeries (3 for tibia vara and 1 for
Madelung deformity). Among 7 patients who had received growth hormone treatment
for ≥1 year, 5 showed good responses, with a median first-year
change-in-height standard deviation score of +0.6. There were no
significant differences in the clinical characteristics of the deletion and
point mutation groups.
Conclusions A high index of suspicion and the genetic confirmation of
SHOX deficiency are helpful for the timely management of the
condition and are needed to provide genetic counselling to the family members of
the patients.
Evaluation of the Bond Strength and Marginal Seal of Indirect Restorations of Composites Bonded with Preheating Resin
Authors: Urcuyo Alvarado Manuel Salvador , Escobar García Diana María , Pozos Guillén Amaury de Jesús , Flores Arriaga Juan Carlos , Romo Ramírez Gabriel Fernando , Ortiz Magdaleno Marine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective Preheated resins (PR) are considered a cementing agent option for indirect adhesive restorations of composite inlays and onlays. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal sealing, adhesive interface, and microtensile bond strength of indirect adhesive restorations of composites in terms of dentin cemented with PR.
Materials and Methods Standardized Class II preparations were performed on 30 extracted human premolars, impressions were taken, and indirect composite restorations were manufactured. In total, 15 restorations were cemented with PR (ENA HRi, SYNCA), and 15 restorations were cemented with self-adhesive resinous cement (RC) (Relyx U200, 3M ESPE), followed by a thermocycling regime. After that, these were segmented sagittally and longitudinally to evaluate the marginal sealing and the adhesive interface with scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Microtensile bond strength was assessed with a mechanical device (TA. XT Plus C, Stable Micro System).
Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was conducted using the two-sample Student’s t-test.
Results The results showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the degree of microfiltration using PR or RC; however, microtensile bond strength is greater when the restoration is cemented with RC (278.75 N/cm3) than with PR (144.49 N/cm3), and better adjustment and sealing were observed for composite restorations with PR.
Conclusion PR comprise an alternative cementing agent for indirect composite restorations in Class II cavities in premolars.
Functional advantages of Lévy walks emerging near a critical point
Authors: Abe Masato S. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceLévy walks are common biological movements. However, the functional advantages of Lévy walks emerging near a critical point are poorly understood. We modeled Lévy walks based on nonlinear dynamical systems that were the determinants of locomotion. We showed that there could be functional advantages associated with Lévy walks emerging near a critical point, including a large dynamic range to stimuli and highly flexible switching between exploitation and exploration. Moreover, we empirically confirmed these functional advantages by analyzing movement trajectories of freely movingDrosophilalarvae. These findings suggested that commonly observed Lévy walks emerge near a critical point and can be explained based on these functional advantages.
Estimation of Rift Valley fever virus spillover to humans during the Mayotte 2018–2019 epidemic
Authors: Métras Raphaëlle , Edmunds W. John , Youssouffi Chouanibou , Dommergues Laure , Fournié Guillaume , Camacho Anton , Funk Sebastian , Cardinale Eric , Le Godais Gilles , Combo Soihibou , Filleul Laurent , Youssouf Hassani , Subiros Marion 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging, zoonotic hemorrhagic fever, affecting mainly livestock and humans in Africa. Despite its growing global concern, the impact of control measures on epidemic dynamics using empirical data has not been assessed. By combining a unique RVF epidemic dataset covering both livestock and human data in a closed ecosystem (Mayotte island) with a dynamic model, we estimate viral transmission potential among livestock, and from livestock to humans. We also quantify the impact of vaccination in decreasing the epidemic size. We demonstrate that reactive livestock vaccination is key. We present a reference case study for RVF and illustrate the value of a One Health quantitative approach to surveillance and control of zoonotic infectious diseases.
Microglia depletion exacerbates demyelination and impairs remyelination in a neurotropic coronavirus infection
Authors: Sariol Alan , Mackin Samantha , Allred Merri-Grace , Ma Chen , Zhou Yu , Zhang Qinran , Zou Xiufen , Abrahante Juan E. , Meyerholz David K. , Perlman Stanley 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Microglia are the resident phagocytic cells of the central nervous system (CNS). During demyelination, a condition in which myelin sheaths are damaged and removed from neurons due to inflammation, microglia can play both harmful and beneficial roles, but their exact functions are still unclear. Using a drug that depletes microglia, we demonstrate that, after infection with JHMV, a coronavirus that infects the CNS of rodents and causes immune-mediated demyelination, microglia are essential for repair following demyelination. We found that microglia played critical roles in initiating this repair process by clearing myelin debris and producing prorepair factors, both of which promote the presence and the function of oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for repairing and replacing myelin sheaths within areas of damage.
The system of modulation in Japanese
Authors: Iimura Ryuichi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the system of modulation in
Japanese in the framework of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) (Halliday 1985, 1994, Halliday and
Matthiessen 2004, 2014). It attempts to apply this theory of language to the
description of Japanese modulation, i.e. obligation and inclination.
Unlike many traditional approaches of Japanese modality which confine themselves
to the interpretation of sentence-final elements, the systemic functional
approach posits a text-based, structural-functional account of modality in
relation to the system of speech function. In light of this, the present
study postulates an elaborated framework of modulation in Japanese with
reference to the system network of modulation with typical realization
forms, which contributes to the expansion of the interpersonal meaning
potential in interaction.
The cognitive and linguistic reasoning process of the speaker’s choice of
modal expressions
Authors: Kato Sumi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The inability to use modality appropriately observed in
individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is generally viewed as pragmatic
impairment. This
current study explores the divergent modal usage of ASD individuals, viewing
it as a pragmatic impairment to be examined from neurological, cognitive,
and linguistic perspectives. Based on statistical data derived from
observations of how ASD persons use modal expressions while speaking, this
paper clarifies the nature of their pragmatic impairment and proposes a new
model for
research. Although Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) did not explore the
cognitive side of language use, the current study supports the view that
pragmatic competency is primarily a neurocognitive and secondarily a
linguistic function. This is evidenced by the empirical studies of
lexicogrammatical choices made by individuals with cognitive disability such
as ASD, as the current study shows. The central issue is that seeing
pragmatic impairment from the neurocognitive perspective tells us
how various factors (in addition to language) are integrated when normal
people engage in conversational exchange in interpersonal situations.
Using computational essays to scaffold professional physics practice
Authors: B Odden Tor Ole , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article describes a curricular innovation designed to help students experience authentic physics inquiry with an emphasis on computational modeling and scientific communication. The educational design centers on a new type of assignment called a computational essay, which was developed and implemented over the course of two semesters of an intermediate electricity and magnetism course at the University of Oslo, Norway. We describe the motivation, learning goals, and scaffolds used in the computational essay project, with the intention that other educators will be able to replicate and adapt our design. We also report on initial findings from this implementation, including key features of student-written computational essays, student reflections on the inquiry process, and self-reported conceptual and attitudinal development. Based on these findings, we argue that computational essays can serve a key role in introducing students to open-ended, inquiry-based work and setting the foundation for future computational research and studies.
Simplified synthesis of silver nanoparticles on graphene oxide and their applications in electrocatalysis
Authors: Filip Jaroslav , Wechsler Philipp , Stastny Josef , Malkova Veronika , Minarik Antonin , Vinter Stepan , Osicka Josef 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work the possibility of synthesizing in situ silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on graphene oxide (GO) surfaces without commonly used additional reducing or alkalizing agents or increased temperature was investigated. Using diverse microscopic (atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy) and spectroscopic methods, it was proved that very small AgNPs were formed on GO by simple incubation for 2 h in a mixture of GO dispersion and AgNO3. The prepared nanomaterial (GO_Ag) was also assessed using electrochemical methods, and it exhibited electrochemical behavior similar to the GO_Ag nanomaterial prepared with a help of citric acid as a reducing agent. Furthermore, it was found that (i) the electrochemical reduction of the GO_Ag on the electrode surface decreased the voltammetric response even though this step increased the surface conductivity and (ii) GO_Ag can be employed for the sensing of chlorides with a detection limit of 79 μM and a linear range of up to 10 mM. It could also provide an electrochemical response toward the chloroacetanilide herbicide metazachlor. Hence, the reducing capabilities of GO were proved to be applicable for in situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles with the highest possible simplification, and the as-prepared nanomaterials could be employed for fabrication of different electrochemical sensors.
Machine learning for nocturnal mass diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in a population at risk of sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Chocron Armand , Efraim Roi , Mandel Franck , Rueschman Michael , Palmius Niclas , Penzel Thomas , Elbaz Meyer , Behar Joachim A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective: In this research, we introduce a new methodology for atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis during sleep in a large population sample at risk of sleep-disordered breathing. Approach: The approach leverages digital biomarkers and recent advances in machine learning (ML) for mass AF diagnosis from overnight-hours of single-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. Four databases, totaling n = 3088 patients and p = 26 913 h of continuous single-channel electrocardiogram raw data were used. Three of the databases (n = 125, p = 2513) were used for training a ML model in recognizing AF events from beat-to-beat time series. Visit 1 of the sleep heart health study database (SHHS1, n = 2963, p = 24 400) was used as the test set to evaluate the feasibility of identifying prominent AF from polysomnographic recordings. By combining AF diagnosis history and a cardiologist’s visual inspection of individuals suspected of having AF (n = 118), a total of 70 patients were diagnosed with prominent AF in SHHS1. Main results: Model prediction on SHHS1 showed an overall

S
e
=
0.97
,
S
p
=
0.99
,

NPV

=
0.99

and

PPV

=
0.67

in classifying individuals with or without prominent AF.

PPV

was non-inferior (p = 0.03) for individuals with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15 versus AHI <

15

. Over 22% of correctly identified prominent AF rhythm cases were not previously documented as AF in SHHS1. Significance: Individuals with prominent AF can be automatically diagnosed from an overnight single-channel ECG recording, with an accuracy unaffected by the presence of moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. This approach enables identifying a large proportion of AF individuals that were otherwise missed by regular care.
Room temperature terahertz detector based on single silicon nanowire junctionless transistor with high detectivity
Authors: Jakhar Alka , Dhyani Veerendra , Das Samaresh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, the n-type single silicon nanowire (NW) based junctionless field-effect transistor (FET) is demonstrated as an efficient terahertz (THz) detector. For the effective coupling of the THz radiations with NW junctionless FET, the lobes of the rounded bow-tie antenna are connected to the gate and source terminals of the device. The antenna design is optimized with proper impedance matching conditions to achieve maximum power transfer between antenna and detector. The simulated antenna resonates at 0.43 THz frequency with 19 GHz bandwidth. Further simulations have been done on Lumerical finite difference time domain software to analyze the electric field distribution profile. To investigate the optical response of this optimized antenna design, an array of the simulated antenna has been fabricated and its transmission spectra are measured. Finally, the simulated antenna has been integrated with the n-type NW junctionless transistor. A maximum responsivity of 468 V W−1 at 0.425 THz frequency and noise-equivalent-power of ∼ 10−9W/Hz1/2 is obtained at room temperature. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor’s compatibility, ease of integration on chips, possibility to realize multiple pixel arrays, andscalability to higher frequencies, make this device promising for THz electronics.