bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Presentation and Different Treatment Modalities of Obstructed Jaundice
Authors: Laghari Ahsan Ali , Laghari Qamber Ali , Shaikh Aijaz Ahmed , Muneer Ambreen , Pandhi Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To determine the clinical presentation and different treatment modalities of obstructed jaundice at tertiary care Hospital.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration: Present study was conducted in the Department of general Surgery of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro during two years from July 2015 to June 2017.
Patients and Methods: Total 50 patients having obstructed jaundice and either gender were evaluated after taking history, clinical examinations including specific investigations like ultrasound of abdomen, liver function test (LFT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), computed tomography (CT) endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) biopsy, tumor markers and x- ray chest for diagnosis and prognosis purpose. All the data was recorded via self-made proforma.
Results: Out of all cases, 20 patients were in age group of 30 to 45 year, 21 patients were in age group 46 to 64 years and 09 patients were in age group 65 to 80 year. Thirty one patients were presented with intermittent jaundice and pain,14 patients had jaundice, pruritus, pale stool, dark urine and 5 patients were presented with jaundice, pruritus, pale stool with dark urine, pain, anorexia and weight loss. Thirty one patients were diagnosed with benign lesions and 19 patients had malignant lesions. Most of the patients (26.52%) were treated by ERCP, stent. Fifteen underwent open surgery, and 9 were treated by palliative procedure, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and gene therapy.
Conclusion: Obstructed jaundice is a critical problem all over the world, in which initially patients present with jaundice, pain, pruritus with pale stool, dark urine and weight loss. Patients can be treated by ERCP, stent. Fifteen patients underwent open surgery and 9 were treated by palliative procedure, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and gene therapy.
Laparoscopic para‐aortic lymph node sampling in the staging of invasive cervical carcinoma: including a comparative study of 21 laparotomy cases
Authors: Su T.H. , Wang K.G. , Yang Y.C. , Hong B.K. , Huang S.H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To assess the efficacy and risks of laparoscopic para‐aortic lymph node sampling compared with standard laparotomy in staging cervical carcinoma. Methods: From August 1993 through July 1994, 38 patients with biopsyproven invasive cervical carcinoma (24 early and 14 advanced invasive cancers) were entered into the study. This was a prospective study of laparoscopic para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in invasive cervical carcinoma, with patients serving as their own controls. Video laparoscopic lymph node sampling was performed. In patients with early invasive cancer, the nodes were sent for frozen section and, if negative, laparotomy was performed to look for any residual nodes. Radical hysterectomy was performed immediately if residual nodes were negative. Patients with either nodal metastasis on frozen section or with advanced cancer underwent para‐aortic lymphadenectomy only. The operative technique was also evaluated. Results: Laparoscopy required an average of 77 min (S.D. 40), with an average blood loss of 116 ml (S.D. 321). The average number of nodes was 15 (S.D. 7). At subsequent laparotomy the average number of residual nodes found was 0.4 (S.D. 0.9) and none showed metastasis. One vena cava laceration and one ureteral injury required immediate repair, and two patients were too obese to undergo laparoscopy. Conclusions: Laparoscopic para‐aortic lymph node sampling is a less invasive, reliable method for staging invasive cervical carcinoma and can substitute for traditional open procedures. The incidence of risks with this method appears to be low.
The development of cash flow weight procedures for maximizing the net present value of a project
Authors: Baroum Sami M. , Patterson James H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe describe in this paper the development of heuristic procedures for obtaining improved solutions to the maximize ion of net present value in a network problem. Optimization techniques have not been successful in solving this limited resource problem for large projects. As a result, rule‐of‐thumb heuristic approaches have historically been used to improve the financial returns from project activity. The heuristic procedures we describe assign weights to activities based upon the cumulative cash flows for the activity and all of its logical successors. Subsequent application of multi‐pass shifting algorithms search locally for improved activity assignments, resulting in increased project net present value over the initial solution obtained. Results reported demonstrate the efficacy of this approach over more traditional methods for solving this problem. We also contrast the cash flow weighting heuristics developed with other implementations of cash flow weighting procedures. Despite their inherent simplicity, the procedures described quite often produce improved results over other approaches when maximum net present value solutions are desired.
Emergency contraception in clinical practice: global perspectives
Authors: Bártfai Gy 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAccess to reliable contraception is often unavailable. Unsafe abortion yearly causes death for thousands and disabling illness for millions worldwide. Insufficient information, negligence, inappropriate contraception, poverty and poor education contribute to these serious sequelae of unintended pregnancy. Identification of those at risk, the provision of appropriate information and access to emergency contraception (EC), and male involvement are emphasized. Improved knowledge, better attitudes, enhanced practice of EC, and determined providers might meet the requirements of the next century.
Challenges of managing the development of breakthrough products in Japan
Authors: Song X.Michael , Parry Mark E 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe propose a contingency model and hypothesize that increases in product innovativeness weaken the influence of product synergies and development proficiencies on product performance. We incorporate these hypotheses in a path model linking measures of product synergy, development proficiency, product competitive advantage, and product performance. We test the model using data from Japan on 412 high‐innovativeness projects and 375 low‐innovativeness projects. We find that product innovativeness weakens three key relationships that determine new product success: (i) the impact of technical synergy on technical proficiency, (ii) the impact of technical proficiency on product competitive advantage, and (iii) the impact of product competitive advantage on new product success.
Effect of a long‐term nerve growth factor treatment on body weight, blood pressure,and serum corticosterone in rats
Authors: Taglialatela Giulio , Foreman P.Jay , Perez‐Polo J.Regino 
Published: July 2002

AbstractNerve growth factor is a well‐characterized neurotrophin essential for the development and maintenance of certain central and peripheral neurons. As many neurons affected by aging depend for their survival on a constant supply of neurotrophins, nerve growth factor has been proposed as a possible treatment to prevent aging‐associated neurodegeneration. There is evidence that nerve growth factor also plays a role in the immune system and modulates certain aspects of endocrine function. Here we have determined the effects of prolonged peripheral (intraperitoneal) treatment with nerve growth factor on body weight, blood pressure, and serum corticosterone levels in the rat. Our data indicate that intraperitoneally‐injected nerve growth factor can affect body weight gain in rats. This effect may not be mediated by nerve growth factor‐induced increases in serum corticosterone levels, as exogenous administration of corticosterone did not result in a similar body weight loss. These results show that, as previously reported for intracerebroventricular treatment with nerve growth factor, intraperitoneally‐injected nerve growth factor also reduces body weight gain in rats. The data also suggest that exogenous delivery of nerve growth factor as part of therapeutic regimens is likely to have several effects.
Verbal fluency in schizophrenia: The role of semantic clustering in category instance generation
Authors: Robert PH , Migneco V , Marmod D , Chaix I , Thauby S , Benoit M , Beau CH , Darcourt G 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine whether schizophrenic patients' impairment in semantic verbal fluency tasks is due to difficulties in organizing their search or, in other words, in organizing output in terms of clusters of meaningfully related words. Consecutive association of words belonging to subcategories of the semantic task was defined as semantic clustering. A categorical verbal fluency task was first administered to 100 healthy subjects and then to 22 schizophrenic patients and 22 healthy subjects matched for sex, age and education. In the normal population, semantic clustering was found to be involved in word generation. A large number of semantic clusters indicated efficient organization of semantic knowledge and led to better word production. Schizophrenic patients showed impaired verbal fluency and generated a smaller number of semantic clusters than the control subjects. These findings point to a defect in self-initiation of semantic categorization in schizophrenia.
Survival and Prognosis: Investigation of Crataegus Extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure (SPICE) — rationale, study design and study protocol
Authors: Holubarsch Christian J.F. , Colucci Wilson S. , Meinertz Thomas , Gaus Wilhelm , Tendera Michal 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSPICE is the first, international, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study to investigate the influence of the herbal drug Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442 (hawthorn leaves with flowers) on mortality of patients suffering from congestive heart failure.BackgroundIn vitro and experimental animal studies have suggested the following pharmacological modes of action of standardized Crataegus extracts: (1) cAMP‐independent positive inotropy; (2) peripheral and coronary vasodilation; (3) protection against ischemia‐induced ventricular arrhythmias; (4) antioxidative properties; and (5) anti‐inflammatory effects.Study designIn this randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, international trial (approximately 120 investigational centers in seven European countries), up to 2300 patients with congestive heart failure, New York Heart Association class II and III and markedly impaired left ventricular function, will be enrolled and treated over a period of 24 months. During this time patients receive either two film‐coated tablets of 450 mg of the Special Extract WS 1442 standardized to 84.3 mg of oligomeric procyanidines or matched placebo per day in addition to standard therapy for congestive heart failure, such as diuretics, digoxin or digitoxin, β‐adrenoceptor blockers and angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors. The primary outcome variable is the combined endpoint of cardiac death, non‐lethal myocardial infarction, and hospitalization due to progression of heart failure. Secondary outcome variables are total mortality, exercise duration, echocardiographic parameters, quality of life as well as pharmacoeconomic parameters. The first patient was included in October 1998. The trial is expected to be completed at the end of 2002.
A COMPARISON OF TWO TIME INTERVALS FOR THE AUSCULTATED ACCELERATION TEST
Authors: Paine Lisa L. , Zanardi Lynn R. , Johnson Timothy R. B. , Rorie Jo‐Anna L. , Barger Mary K. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTObjective: Interest in an inexpensive, easy‐to‐administer antenatal screening test that did not rely on the use of electronic fetal monitoring led to development of the fetoscope administered auscultated acceleration test (AAT) in the late 1980s. More recent efforts have been directed toward providing those who may use the AAT with important information about the most effective and clinically appropriate AAT procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine the screening test validity performance of two AAT time intervals—6 minutes and 10 minutes.Methods: Two auscultated acceleration tests (AAT6 and AAT10) were simultaneously performed using different time intervals on 205 women with high‐risk pregnancies undergoing simultaneous nonstress tests (NSTS) who were referred to a tertiary care unit for antepartum testing. Standard measurements of screening test validity were calculated for each test in the prediction of selected perinatal outcomes. NST findings were included for comparative purposes.Results: The AAT6 yielded an overall higher specificity as compared with the AAT10 at the expense of a slightly lower sensitivity for most perinatal outcomes; these differences were not significant at the .05 level. Relative risk ratios were similar for the AAT6 and AAT10 for both fetal distress and neonatal morbidity, with both AAT being a more effective predictor of neonatal morbidity than for fetal distress. Both tests yielded better sensitivity when compared with NST.Conclusions: Even though there was a nonsignificant trend toward higher sensitivities and lower specificities for the 10‐minute AAT, this study showed that the differences in prediction of perinatal outcomes between the 6‐minute and 10‐minute AAT were minimal. In view of the added labor required for the 10‐minute AAT in the absence of enhanced screening test validity, the 6‐minute AAT is clinically preferred. This study has prompted new research questions for the continued development of the AAT as a low‐technology fetal assessment technique with potential usefulness by midwives and their colleagues in a variety of settings worldwide.
Isosphaeraceae
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Ivanova Anastasia A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

I.so.sphae.ra.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Isosphaera
type genus of the family; ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Isosphaeraceae
the
Isosphaera
family.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Isosphaerales / Isosphaeraceae

The family
Isosphaeraceae
accommodates stalk‐free planctomycetes with spherical cells, which can be assembled in short chains, long filaments, or shapeless aggregates. Cells are covered with crateriform pits, which are scattered all over the cell surface. Cell division occurs by means of budding; daughter cells are nonmotile. Members of this family are chemoorganotrophic aerobes, although some representatives are capable of growth in microoxic conditions. Growth occurs on various sugars and polysaccharides. This family includes the genera
Isosphaera
,
Aquisphaera
,
Paludisphaera
,
Singulisphaera
,
Tundrisphaera
, and
Tautonia
. Representatives of the family are common inhabitants of soils and wetlands but also occur in freshwater habitats.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 61–70 (
T
m
and genome sequence).

Type genus
:
Isosphaera
Giovannoni et al. 1987, VL54.
Thiohalomonas
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. , Muyzer Gerard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Thi.o.halo.mo'nas Gr. neut. n.
thion
sulfur; Gr. masc. n.
hals, halos
salt of the sea; Gr. fem. n.
monas
unit, monad; N.L. fem. n.
Thiohalomonas
halophilic sulfur‐utilizing monad.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / “Thiohalomonadales” / “Thiohalomonadaceae” / Thiohalomonas

The genus
Thiohalomonas
was originally classified as a member of an unaffiliated deep lineage of the
Gammaproteobacteria
. It includes moderately halophilic and neutrophilic chemolithoautotrophs utilizing reduced sulfur compounds as the energy sources/electron donors and O
2
and nitrate as the electron acceptors. CO
2
is assimilated via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. The genus currently includes two species,
Thiohalomonas denitrificans
, which is the type species, and
Thiohalomonas nitratireducens
. The habitat is hypersaline lakes with neutral pH.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58–60 (
T
m
and genome of the type strain).

Type species
:
Thiohalomonas denitrificans
Sorokin et al. 2007a
VP
.
Candidatus
Haloredivivus
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Ha.lo.re.di.vi'vus. Gr. masc. n.
hals
,
halos
salt; L. masc. adj.
redivivus
renewed, renovated; N.L. masc. n.
Haloredivivus
a reconstructed salty organism.

Nanohaloarchaeota / “Incertae sedis” / “Incertae sedis” / “Incertae sedis” /
Candidatus
Haloredivivus

The genus
Candidatus
Haloredivivus was established based on a sequence of a single‐cell‐amplified genome recovered from a solar saltern pond of intermediate salinity in Spain.
Ca
. Haloredivivus is phylogenetically affiliated with members of the
Candidatus
Nanohaloarchaeota branch (
Candidatus
Nanosalina,
Candidatus
Nanosalinicola corrig., and
Candidatus
Nanopetraeus corrig.) of the archaeal DPANN superphylum. Analysis of the ∼1.2 Mb genome of
Ca
. Haloredivivus with 42.1% G + C suggests that the organism leads a photoheterotrophic lifestyle and may be able to degrade different polysaccharides. The low median isoelectric point for the predicted proteins suggests a “salt‐in” strategy for osmotic balance. Gene sequences affiliated with
Ca
. Haloredivivus were recovered from a salt lake in Romania and from soda lakes in Siberia.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 42.0–42.1 (genome sequence).

Type species
: Not assigned.
Candidatus
Nanosalina
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Na.no.sa.li'na. Gr. masc. n.
nanos
dwarf; N.L. masc. adj.
salinus
salty; N.L. fem. n.
Nanosalina
a dwarf‐size salty organism.

Nanohaloarchaeota / “Incertae sedis” / “Incertae sedis” / “Incertae sedis” /
Candidatus
Nanosalina

The genus
Candidatus
Nanosalina was established based on a sequence from a metagenome recovered from the hypersaline Lake Tyrrell in Victoria, Australia.
Ca
. Nanosalina is phylogenetically affiliated with members of the
Candidatus
Nanohaloarchaeota branch (
Candidatus
Nanosalinicola corrig.,
Candidatus
Nanopetraeus corrig., and
Candidatus
Haloredivivus) of the archaeal DPANN superphylum. On the basis of fluorescence
in situ
hybridization, cells are ∼0.6 μm in diameter. Analysis of the ∼1.23 Mb genome of
Ca
. Nanosalina J07AB43 with 43.5% DNA G + C suggests that the organism possesses an aerobic, photoheterotrophic lifestyle. The high proportion of acidic amino acids of the predicted proteins suggests a “salt‐in” strategy for osmotic balance. Gene sequences affiliated with
Ca
. Nanosalina have been recovered from coastal salterns in Australia and California, USA.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 43.5 (genome sequence).

Type species
: Not assigned.
Candidatus
Nanopetraeus
Authors: Oren Aharon , DiRuggiero Jocelyne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Na.no.pe.trae'us. Gr. masc. n.
nanos
a dwarf; L. masc. adj.
petraeus
(from Gr. masc. adj.
petraios
) living on or among the rocks; N.L. masc. n.
Nanopetraeus
small organism growing inside rocks. The originally proposed name
Nanopetramus
was corrected to
Nanopetraeus
.

Nanohaloarchaeota / “Incertae sedis” / “Incertae sedis” / “Incertae sedis” /
Candidatus
Nanopetraeus

The genus
Candidatus
Nanopetraeus corrig. (originally named
Candidatus
Nanopetramus) was established based on a genome sequence found in the metagenome of halite endoliths sampled at Salar Grande in the northern Atacama Desert, Chile. A species name was not proposed.
Candidatus
Nanopetraeus is phylogenetically affiliated with members of the
Ca
. Nanohaloarchaeota branch (
Candidatus
Haloredivivus,
Candidatus
Nanosalina, and
Candidatus
Nanosalinicola corrig.) of the archaeal DPANN superphylum. Analysis of the 1.1 Mb genome of
Ca
. Nanopetraeus SG9 with 46.4% DNA G + C suggests that the organism has a photoheterotrophic lifestyle, based on the presence of archaeal genes for carbohydrate metabolism and rhodopsin biosynthesis. The low median isoelectric point for the predicted proteins suggests a “salt‐in” strategy for osmotic balance. 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated with
Ca
. Nanopetraeus were recovered from saltern ponds and hypersaline lakes worldwide.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.4 (metagenome‐assembled genome sequence).

Type species
: Not assigned.
Melt Electrowritten In Vitro Radial Device to Study Cell Growth and Migration
Authors: Bakirci Ezgi , Schaefer Natascha , Dahri Ouafa , Hrynevich Andrei , Strissel Pamela , Strick Reiner , Dalton Paul D. , Villmann Carmen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of in vitro assays for 3D microenvironments is essential for understanding cell migration processes. A 3D‐printed in vitro competitive radial device is developed to identify preferred Matrigel concentration for glioblastoma migration. Melt electrowriting (MEW) is used to fabricate the structural device with defined and intricate radial structures that are filled with Matrigel. Controlling the printing path is necessary to account for the distance lag in the molten jet, the applied electric field, and the continuous direct‐writing nature of MEW. Circular printing below a diameter threshold results in substantial inward tilting of the MEW fiber wall. An eight‐chamber radial device with a diameter of 9.4 mm is printed. Four different concentrations of Matrigel are dispensed into the radial chambers. Glioblastoma cells are seeded into the center and grow into all chambers within 8 days. The cell spreading area demonstrates that 6 and 8 mg mL−1 of Matrigel are preferred over 2 and 4 mg mL−1. Furthermore, topographical cues via the MEW fiber wall are observed to promote migration even further away from the cell seeding depot. Previous studies implement MEW to fabricate cell invasive scaffolds whereas here it is applied to 3D‐print in vitro tools to study cell migration.
Inspired by Nature: Facile Design of Nanoclay–Organic Hydrogel Bone Sealant with Multifunctional Properties for Robust Bone Regeneration
Authors: Lee Chung‐Sung , Hwang Hee Sook , Kim Soyon , Fan Jiabing , Aghaloo Tara , Lee Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBone repair is a complex process involving the sophisticated interplay of osteogenic stem cells, extracellular matrix, and osteoinductive factors, and it is affected by bacterial toxins and oxidative stress. Inspired by the nature of plant‐derived phytochemicals and inorganic–organic analogues of the bone extracellular matrix, herein, the facile design of a nanoclay–organic hydrogel bone sealant (NoBS) that integrates multiple physicochemical cues for bone regeneration into a single system is reported. Assembly of phytochemical‐modified organic chitosan and silica‐rich inorganic nanoclay serves as highly biocompatible and osteoconductive extracellular matrix mimics. The decorated phytochemical exerts inherent bactericidal and antioxidant activities, and acts as an intermolecular networking precursor for gelation with injectable and self‐healing capabilities. Moreover, the NoBS exerts osteoinductive effects mediated by the nanoclay, which regulates the Wnt/b‐catenin pathway, along with the addition of osteoinductive signals, resulting in bone regeneration in a nonhealing cranial defect. Engineering of this integrated bone graft substitute with multifunctional properties inspired by natural materials may suggest a promising and effective approach for creating a favorable microenvironment for optimal bone healing.