bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crumley's Classification of Laryngeal Synkinesis: A Comparison of Laryngoscopy and Electromyography
Authors: Foerster Gerhard , Podema Rosa , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Crumley Roger L. , Mueller Andreas H. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisApplying the principles of misdirected nerve regeneration to the larynx, Roger Crumley in 1989 coined the term laryngeal synkinesis (LS) which he later (2000) classified into 4 types (type I – good voice, type II – involuntary twitches and poor voice, type III – adduction during inspiration, type IV – abduction during phonation). Neurophysiological data were not available for all LS patients at that time. The current study was undertaken to utilize and test the Crumley classification for a clinical interrater comparison and, secondly, compare predicted with actual laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) results.Study DesignDescriptive study.MethodsLaryngoscopic and LEMG data of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP) of 6 months duration or longer were combined for retrospective evaluation. Forty‐five data sets were available for laryngoscopic classification by two local laryngologists and by Roger Crumley. Twenty‐three data sets with complete thyroarytenoid (TA) and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) – EMG data were used to compare predicted with actual LEMG results.ResultsLocal laryngologists were able to classify 24 of 45, Crumley 30 of 45 cases into one of the 4 synkinesis types. There was substantial agreement between examiners (Cohens Kappa 0.66 [P < .001]). Comparison of predicted and actual LEMG data showed only moderate agreement. EMG sykinesis rates were lower in TA than in PCA and highest in Crumley type I cases.ConclusionThe Crumley classification is helpful in describing and understanding synkinesis. It does not always correlate predictably with actual LEMG data. A complete LEMG mapping of all intrinsic muscles may improve understanding of chronic VFP.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 131:E1605–E1610, 2021
Deep Learning for Voice Gender Identification: Proof‐of‐concept for Gender‐Affirming Voice Care
Authors: Bensoussan Yael , Pinto Jeremy , Crowson Matthew , Walden Patrick R. , Rudzicz Frank , Johns Michael 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe need for gender‐affirming voice care has been increasing in the transgender population in the last decade. Currently, objective treatment outcome measurements are lacking to assess the success of these interventions. This study uses neural network models to predict binary gender from short audio samples of “male” and “female” voices. This preliminary work is a proof‐of‐concept for further work to develop an AI‐assisted treatment outcome measure for gender‐affirming voice care.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsTwo hundred seventy‐eight voices from male and female speakers from the Perceptual Voice Qualities Database were used to train a deep neural network to classify voices as male or female. Each audio sample was mapped to the frequency domain using Mel spectrograms. To optimize model performance, we performed 10‐fold cross validation of the entire dataset. The dataset was split into 80% training, 10% validation, and 10% test.ResultsOverall accuracy of 92% was obtained, both when considering the accuracy per spectrum and per patient metric. The accuracy of the model was higher for recognizing female voices (F1 score of 0.94) compared to male voices (F1 score of 0.87).ConclusionsThis proof of concept study shows promising performance for further development of an AI‐assisted tool to provide objective treatment outcome measurements for gender affirming voice care.Level of evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1611–E1615, 2021
Real‐time feedback control of voice in cochlear implant recipients
Authors: Gautam Anirudh , Brant Jason A. , Ruckenstein Michael J. , Eliades Steven J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate feedback‐dependent vocal control in cochlear implant patients using pitch‐shifted auditory feedback.MethodsTwenty‐three CI recipients with at least 6 months of implant experience were enrolled. Vocal recordings were performed while subjects repeated the vowel /e/ and vocal signals were altered in real‐time using a digital effects processor to introduce a pitch‐shift, presented back to subjects using headphones. Recordings were analyzed to determine pitch changes following the pitch‐shifted feedback, and results compared to the magnitude of the shift as well as patient demographics.ResultsConsistent with previous results, CI patients' voices had higher pitches with their implant turned off, a change explainable by increases in vocal loudness without the CI. CI patients rapidly compensated for pitch‐shifted feedback by changing their vocal pitch, but only for larger shifts. Considerable inter‐subject variability was present, and weakly correlated with the duration of implant experience and implant sound thresholds.ConclusionsCI patients, like normal hearing individuals, are capable of real‐time feedback‐dependent control of their vocal pitch. However, CI patients are less sensitive to small feedback changes, possibly a result of courser CI frequency precision, and may explain poorer than normal vocal control in these patients.Level of EvidenceLevel 3b.
The Role of Cholesterol in α‐Synuclein and Lewy Body Pathology in GBA1 Parkinson's Disease
Authors: García‐Sanz Patricia , M.F.G. Aerts Johannes , Moratalla Rosario 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are lost, resulting in a decrease in striatal dopamine and, consequently, motor control. Dopaminergic degeneration is associated with the appearance of Lewy bodies, which contain membrane structures and proteins, including α‐synuclein (α‐Syn), in surviving neurons. PD displays a multifactorial pathology and develops from interactions between multiple elements, such as age, environmental conditions, and genetics. Mutations in the GBA1 gene represent one of the major genetic risk factors for PD. This gene encodes an essential lysosomal enzyme called β‐glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which is responsible for degrading the glycolipid glucocerebroside into glucose and ceramide. GCase can generate glucosylated cholesterol via transglucosylation and can also degrade the sterol glucoside. Although the molecular mechanisms that predispose an individual to neurodegeneration remain unknown, the role of cholesterol in PD pathology deserves consideration. Disturbed cellular cholesterol metabolism, as reflected by accumulation of lysosomal cholesterol in GBA1‐associated PD cellular models, could contribute to changes in lipid rafts, which are necessary for synaptic localization and vesicle cycling and modulation of synaptic integrity. α‐Syn has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal cholesterol, and cholesterol facilitates interactions between α‐Syn oligomers. In this review, we integrate the results of previous studies and describe the cholesterol landscape in cellular homeostasis and neuronal function. We discuss its implication in α‐Syn and Lewy body pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD, focusing on the role of GCase and cholesterol. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Retracted: MiR‐485‐3p serves as a biomarker and therapeutic target of Alzheimer's disease via regulating neuronal cell viability and neuroinflammation by targeting AKT3
Authors: Yu Ling , Li Haiting , Liu Wenhu , Zhang Ligong , Tian Qun , Li Hairong , Li Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNumerous microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as functional molecules in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of microRNA‐485‐3p (miR‐485‐3p) in AD patients, evaluate the effect of miR‐485‐3p on neuronal viability and neuroinflammation, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsQuantitative Real‐Time PCR was used to estimate expression of miR‐485‐3p and AKT3. A ROC analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR‐485‐3p. The correlation of miR‐485‐3p with patients' MMSE score and inflammatory response was analyzed. Using Aβ‐treated SH‐SY5Y and BV2 cells models, the effects of miR‐485‐3p on neuronal proliferation, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation were explored. A luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the target gene of miR‐485‐3p in both SH‐SY5Y and BV2 cells.ResultsSerum miR‐485‐3p expression was significantly upregulated in AD patients and cell models, which had a high diagnostic accuracy and correlated with MMSE score and inflammatory response in AD patients. The knockdown of miR‐485‐3p in SH‐SY5Y and BV2 cells was found to significantly reverse the effect of Aβ treatment on neuronal viability and neuroinflammation. AKT3 was determined as a target of miR‐485‐3p, which might mediate the biological function of miR‐485‐3p in AD pathogenesis.ConclusionAll the data indicated that increased serum miR‐485‐3p serves as a diagnostic biomarker in AD patients, and knockdown of miR‐485‐3p exerts a neuroprotective role by improving neuronal viability and weakening neuroinflammation, which may be mediated by AKT3. This study may provide a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for AD therapy.
Whole‐exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous ASPH frameshift variant causing Traboulsi syndrome in a Chinese family
Authors: Lei Cheng , Guo Ting , Ding Shuizi , Liao Liyan , Peng Hong , Tan Zhiping , Luo Hong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTraboulsi syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by ectopia lentis and facial dysmorphism (large beaked nose), which was only reported in 18 individuals to date. It is caused by homozygous/compound heterozygous variants in the aspartate/asparagine‐β‐hydroxylase (ASPH) gene, which hydroxylates the aspartic acid and asparagine in epidermal growth factor‐like domains of various proteins.MethodsWhole‐exome and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the disease‐causing gene of the patient in a consanguineous Chinese family. Domain analysis was applied to predict the impact of the variant on ASPH protein.ResultsThrough exome and Sanger sequencing, we identified a novel homozygous ASPH variant (NM_004318.4:c.1910del/NP_004309.2: p.(Asn637MetfsTer15)) in the patient, which may lead to blockage of the ASPH function through truncating the AspH oxygenase domain of the ASPH protein and/or nonsense‐mediated decay of the ASPH transcript. This is the first report of Traboulsi syndrome in a Chinese patient who was combined with ventricular septal defect, lung bullae, and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax.ConclusionOur results revealed the clinical characteristics of the first Chinese patient with Traboulsi syndrome. Additionally, our study expands the mutational spectrum of Traboulsi syndrome and provides information for clinical genetic counseling to this family.
Optimization of the differentiation and quantification of high‐Z nanoparticles incorporated in medical devices for CT‐guided interventions
Authors: Perez Joy Vanessa D. , Jacobsen Megan C. , Damasco Jossana A. , Melancon Adam , Huang Steven Y. , Layman Rick R. , Melancon Marites P. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeMaterial differentiation has been made possible using dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT), in which the unique, energy‐dependent attenuating characteristics of materials can provide new diagnostic information. One promising application is the clinical integration of biodegradable polymers as temporary implantable medical devices impregnated with high‐atomic number (high‐Z) materials. The purpose of this study was to explore the incorporation of high atomic number (high‐Z) contrast materials in a bioresorbable inferior vena cava filter for advanced CT‐based monitoring of its location and differentiating from surrounding materials.Materials and methodsImaging optimization and calibration studies were performed using a body phantom. The dual‐energy CT (DECT) ratios for iron, zirconium, barium, gadolinium, ytterbium, tantalum, tungsten, gold, and bismuth were generated for peak kilovoltage combinations of 80/150Sn, 90/150Sn, and 100/150Sn kVp in dual‐source CT via linear regression of the CT numbers at low and high energies. A secondary calibration of the material map to the nominal material concentration was generated to correct for use of materials other than iodine. CT number was calibrated to the material concentration based on single‐energy CT (SECT) with additional filtration (150Sn kVp). These quantification methods were applied to monitoring of biodegradable inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) made of braided poly(p‐dioxanone) sutures infused with ultrasmall bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) implanted in an adult domestic pig.ResultsQualitative material differentiation was optimal for high‐Z (>73) contrast agents in DECT. However, quantification became nonlinear and inaccurate as the K‐edge of the material increased. Using the high‐energy (150Sn kVp) data component as a SECT scan, the linearity of quantification curves was maintained with lower limits of detection than with DECT. Among the materials tested, bismuth had optimal differentiation from iodine in DECT while maintaining increased contrast in high‐energy SECT for quantification (11.5% error). Coating the IVCF with BiNPs resulted in markedly greater radiopacity (maximum CT number, 2028 HU) than that of an uncoated IVCF (maximum CT number, 127 HU). Using DECT imaging and processing, the BiNP‐IVCF could be clearly differentiated from iodine contrast injected into the inferior vena cava of the pig.ConclusionsThese findings may improve widespread integration of medical devices incorporated with high‐Z materials into the clinic, where technical success, possible complications, and device integrity can be assessed intraoperatively and postoperatively via DECT imaging.
Reexamination of diathesis stress and neurotoxic stress theories: A qualitative review of pre‐trauma neurobiology in relation to posttraumatic stress symptoms
Authors: Scheeringa Michael S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveAssociations of neurobiological differences with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have generated interest in their temporal relation. Support has been voiced for the neurotoxic stress theory (NST) in which neurobiological differences develop following exposure and PTSD development. In contrast, the diathesis stress theory (DST) posits that neurobiological differences existed prior to exposure and may be vulnerability factors for PTSD. Studies in the first wave of neurobiological PTSD research were all cross sectional, but a second wave of research followed which used prospective repeated‐measures designs that measured neurobiology prior to trauma exposure experiences, allowing greater causal inference.MethodsThis study reviewed the second‐wave studies in hopes of developing a preliminary consensus to support either the NST or the DST based on this more powerful prospective, repeated‐measures study design.ResultsTwenty‐five second‐wave studies were located that measured neurobiology prior to traumatic experiences. Nineteen studies supported the DST. Of 10 studies that were capable of testing the NST, only 3 were supportive.ConclusionThe implications of the NST versus the DST have profound implications for understanding the fragility of the human brain and possible paths forward for future research on assessment, treatment, and social policy.
Development of the Gambling Disorder Identification Test: Results from an international Delphi and consensus process
Authors: Molander Olof , Volberg Rachel , Månsson Viktor , Sundqvist Kristina , Wennberg Peter , Berman Anne H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesDiverse instruments are used to measure problem gambling and Gambling Disorder intervention outcomes. The 2004 Banff consensus agreement proposed necessary features for reporting gambling treatment efficacy. To address the challenge of including these features in a single instrument, a process was initiated to develop the Gambling Disorder Identification Test (GDIT), as an instrument analogous to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test.MethodsGambling experts from 10 countries participated in an international two‐round Delphi (n = 61; n = 30), rating 30 items proposed for inclusion in the GDIT. Gambling researchers and clinicians from several countries participated in three consensus meetings (n = 10; n = 4; n = 3). User feedback was obtained from individuals with experience of problem gambling (n = 12) and from treatment‐seekers with Gambling Disorder (n = 8).ResultsTen items fulfilled Delphi consensus criteria for inclusion in the GDIT (M ≥ 7 on a scale of 1–9 in the second round). Item‐related issues were addressed, and four more items were added to conform to the Banff agreement recommendations, yielding a final draft version of the GDIT with 14 items in three domains: gambling behavior, gambling symptoms and negative consequences.ConclusionsThis study established preliminary construct and face validity for the GDIT.
Tag Type and Location-Dependent Retention Impart Varied Levels of Bias on Mark–Recapture Parameter Estimates
Authors: Zentner Douglas L. , Spurgeon Jonathan J. , Lochmann Steve E. , Graham Christy L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Population parameter estimates from mark–recapture studies are dependent on individuals retaining marks or tags. Therefore, tag retention estimates are needed for different tag types and anatomical tagging locations. Few studies have empirically quantified the bias from tag retention on fish population parameters that are derived from mark–recapture studies. We examined differences in retention between T-bar anchor tags and PIT tags as well as among four anatomical locations for PIT tags in Brown Trout Salmo trutta in a tailwater fishery in Arkansas, USA. We also estimated the relative bias of tag type and PIT tag location on apparent survival estimates from Cormack–Jolly–Seber models. Tag retention for the anchor tags was 15.1% lower than that for the PIT tags after 1 year and 46.1% lower after 4 years. Greater PIT tag retention resulted in less biased estimates of apparent survival for PIT tags (average −7.1%) than for anchor tags (average −37.8%). However, PIT tags that were placed in different anatomical locations had varying retention rates, so the degree of relative bias that was associated with their apparent survival estimates also varied. Inserting the PIT tags in the cheek or dorsal musculature provided the greatest retention for Brown Trout and may provide the least biased apparent survival estimates from future mark–recapture studies.
Do Electrofishing Activities Disrupt Stream Biofilm Standing Stocks? An Assessment from Two Headwater Streams in Western Oregon
Authors: Heaston Emily D. , Segura Catalina , Warren Dana R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Humans affect ecosystems in many ways, and scientific field studies are no exception. If data collection disrupts environments or biota too much, it can lead to inaccurate conclusions in the study of interest or in subsequent studies. We evaluated whether stream electrofishing surveys could measurably disturb the benthic biofilms in two forested headwaters in western Oregon, USA. While the consequences of electrofishing to macroinvertebrates and fish have been assessed, to date no studies have quantified its influence on benthic biofilms. We observed declines in the standing stocks of accrued benthic chlorophyll a directly after electrofishing in both streams. After electrofishing, the standing biofilm stocks declined by an average of ~15% in Oak Creek, a small third-order stream in the Oregon Coast Range Mountains, and by an average of ~34% in a third-order section of Lookout Creek, which is located in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA. In returning to Oak Creek 2 weeks after electrofishing, the standing stocks had fully recovered to their prefishing levels. While the benthic biofilm standing stocks did decline in association with electrofishing, the effects were small when compared with those of disturbances from common flow events and when scaling to the whole stream system. In Oak Creek, the proportional biofilm standing stock decline from electrofishing activity was about 26% of what was observed following a moderate flow event (40% of bank-full discharge), and about 15% of the decline in biofilm standing stocks following a complete bank-full discharge event (140% of bank-full discharge).
A strategy to synthesize pomegranate‐inspired hollow mesoporous molecularly imprinted nanoparticles by organic‐organic self‐assembly of dopamine
Authors: Ji Shunli , Huang Jiawen , Li Tengfei , Luo Xi , Zheng Feng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have attracted tremendous attention as potential materials, but the conventional MIPs preparation limits its application. In this study, a novel strategy to synthesize pomegranate‐inspired hollow mesoporous molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (HMMINs) by organic‐organic self‐assembly of dopamine is reported. Benefiting from the unique chemical composition and architecture, the one‐pot synthesized HMMINs not only provide high imprinting efficiency and binding capacity, but possess biocompatibility, photothermal (PT) and sustained release effect, which indicates HMMIPDAs have great potential to be applied as a sorbent to increase the selectivity of analytes from complex matrices, and drug carrier for PT therapy to achieve sustained‐release of the drug.
The complexity of diversity and importance for equitable philanthropy
Authors: Azevedo Lauren , Gaynor Tia Sherèe , Shelby Kyra , Santos Genesis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe current U.S. climate of racial and social injustice has prompted a renewed call for diverse and equitable ways to rethink community philanthropy. Community foundations are vehicles for community philanthropy which offer vast benefits for social improvement and community development. The board of directors ensures these organizations fulfill their mission, making decisions on funding priorities and holding the organization functionally and fiscally responsible. Drawing on constructs of diversity and representative bureaucracy and a case study of Florida community foundations, we suggest that diversity is understood in different ways and the presence of diverse board members may be linked to advancing the interests of diverse communities and in achieving outcomes that assist in the needs of certain social groups. Increased understanding of diversity can improve foundation and philanthropic effectiveness and bring broader social change by promoting equity and social justice among community‐based philanthropic organizations.
Nurses' experiences of delirium and how to identify delirium—A qualitative study
Authors: Helgesen Ann Karin , Adan Yassin Husein , Dybvik Bjørglund Caroline , Weberg‐Haugen Chris , Johannessen Mona , Åsmul Kristiansen Kristine , Vasskog Risan Elisabeth , Relusco Ma Lorinda , Skaarer‐Heen Heidi Marie , Sørensen Tina Sofie , Vedå Linea , Abrahamsen Grøndahl Vigdis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimDelirium is a serious, acute medical condition which places a heavy burden on the patient, his or her family and healthcare professionals. There have been only a limited number of studies to explore nurses' experiences of delirium and how delirium is identified in community care. The research questions of the study are as follows: “How do community care nurses' experience delirium?” and “How is delirium identified?”.DesignThis study has been designed as an explorative and descriptive study.MethodsA topic‐based interview guide was developed containing questions associated with the Registered Nurses' experiences of their meetings with people with delirium and their identification of delirium.ResultsNurses working in the community care need to know more about delirium as they play a key role in treatment. Our results also show that the participants have difficulty in establishing whether a patient is suffering from acute confusion/delirium, depression or dementia.