bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rutin treats myocardial damage caused by pirarubicin via regulating miR‐22‐5p‐regulated RAP1/ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Qin Meng , Li Qi , Wang Yadi , Li Tengteng , Gu Zehui , Huang Peng , Ren Liqun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur experiments have previously demonstrated that rutin (RUT) can improve myocardial damage caused by pirarubicin (THP). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. In this study, we developed an microRNA (miRNA) chip by replicating the rat model of THP‐induced myocardial injury and identified miR‐22‐5p and the RAP1‐member of RAS oncogene family/extracellular regulated protein kinases (RAP1/ERK) signaling pathway as an object of study. Also, in vivo experiments demonstrated that THP caused abnormal changes in the electrocardiogram, cardiac function, and histomorphology in rats (P < .01). THP also reduces the expression of miR‐22‐5p (P < .01) and increases the levels of RAP1/ERK signaling pathway‐related proteins (P < .01, P < .05). RUT significantly improved THP‐induced myocardial damage (P < .01), increased the expression of miR‐22‐5p (P < .01), and decreased the levels of RAP1/ERK signaling pathway‐related proteins (P < .01, P < .05). In vitro studies confirmed that Rap1a is one of the target genes of miR‐22‐5p. miR‐22‐5p overexpression in cardiomyocytes can affect the RAP1/ERK pathway and reduce reactive oxygen species production and cardiomyocyte apoptosis caused by THP (P < .01), which is consistent with the effect of RUT. Our results indicate that RUT treats THP‐induced myocardial damage, which may be achieved by upregulating miR‐22‐5p, causing changes in its target gene Rap1a and the RAP1/ERK pathway.
Toward universal substituent constants: Model chemistry sensitivity of descriptors from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules
Authors: Lefrancois‐Gagnon Kevin M. , Mawhinney Robert C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) provides a theoretical foundation to determine the properties of functional groups through additive atomic contributions. Many studies have used QTAIM in their analyses with a variety of electronic structure methods, but it is unknown if the properties measured using one model chemistry, the combination of the electronic structure method and basis set, can be compared to those measured by another. Here, we evaluate the sensitivity of QTAIM functional group and bond critical point properties using six functionals and seven basis sets. High‐level B2PLYPD3‐BJ/aug‐cc‐pV5Z reference values are provided for 116 functional groups and the property sensitivity with respect to these values are evaluated based on absolute deviations and by assessing linear relationships. Functional group properties, including charges, dipoles, quadrupoles and volumes, were found to be mostly insensitive to choice of computational model chemistry. However, due to structural and topological inconsistencies, the 6‐31G(d) basis set is not recommended for use. Bond critical point properties varied with choice of model chemistry, but models incorporating hybrid functionals and triple‐ζ basis sets provided values suitable for use in regression studies.
A nanoscale Ni/ZrO2 catalyst coated with Al2O3 for carbon dioxide reforming of methane
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Bai Xiaoli , Guo Yu , Liu Qirui , Ji Shengfu , Wang Zhou‐jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCO2 reforming of methane, also known as dry reforming of methane, has received significant attention because this technology can convert notorious greenhouse gases (CH4/CO2) into useful syngas (H2/CO). However, this technology still has not been commercialized, primarily due to the lack of feasible catalysts.RESULTSBased on zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles with pure monoclinic (m) or tetragonal (t) crystal phase, three nickel catalysts (Ni/m‐ZrO2, Ni/t‐ZrO2 and Ni/m‐ZrO2@Al2O3) have been synthesized for CO2 reforming of methane. The Ni/t‐ZrO2 catalyst exhibited the lowest reforming activity with CH4 conversion of 15.5% at 700 °C under 1 atm with a gas hourly space velocity of 96 000 mL (h gcat)−1. The Ni/m‐ZrO2 catalyst showed much higher initial activity but underwent severe deactivation, during which CH4 conversion decreased from 56.1% to 33.4% after 300 min of reaction. The nanocomposite Ni/m‐ZrO2@Al2O3 catalyst with confinement effect exhibited the best activity and good stability. Specifically, its CH4 conversion decreased merely from 60.2% to 55.3% after 24 h of reaction.CONCLUSIONSStructural characterizations demonstrate that limited specific surface area and weak metal–support interactions existed on the Ni/t‐ZrO2 catalyst, which led to large nickel nanoparticles and thus poor reforming activity. Both Ni/m‐ZrO2 and Ni/m‐ZrO2@Al2O3 catalysts had high specific surface area and very small nickel nanoparticles, which may rationalize the high reforming activity. The improved stability of the Ni/m‐ZrO2@Al2O3 catalyst was mainly related to the alleviated carbon deposition resulting from enriched surface basicity and strengthened metal–support interactions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
AI‐Enhanced Diagnosis of Challenging Lesions in Breast MRI: A Methodology and Application Primer
Authors: Meyer‐Base Anke , Morra Lia , Tahmassebi Amirhessam , Lobbes Marc , Meyer‐Base Uwe , Pinker Katja 
Published: August 2020

Computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have become an important tool in the assessment of breast tumors with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CAD systems can be used for the detection and diagnosis of breast tumors as a “second opinion” review complementing the radiologist's review. CAD systems have many common parts, such as image preprocessing, tumor feature extraction, and data classification that are mostly based on machine‐learning (ML) techniques. In this review article, we describe applications of ML‐based CAD systems in MRI covering the detection of diagnostically challenging lesions of the breast such as nonmass enhancing (NME) lesions, and furthermore discuss how multiparametric MRI and radiomics can be applied to the study of NME, including prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Since ML has been widely used in the medical imaging community, we provide an overview about the state‐of‐the‐art and novel techniques applied as classifiers to CAD systems. The differences in the CAD systems in MRI of the breast for several standard and novel applications for NME are explained in detail to provide important examples, illustrating: 1) CAD for detection and diagnosis, 2) CAD in multiparametric imaging, 3) CAD in NAC, and 4) breast cancer radiomics. We aim to provide a comparison between these CAD applications and to illustrate a global view on intelligent CAD systems based on machine and deep learning in MRI of the breast.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
The regional MiKlip decadal prediction system for Europe: Hindcast skill for extremes and user‐oriented variables
Authors: Moemken Julia , Feldmann Hendrik , Pinto Joaquim G. , Buldmann Benjamin , Laube Natalie , Kadow Christopher , Paxian Andreas , Tiedje Bente , Kottmeier Christoph , Marotzke Jochem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRegional climate predictions for the next decade are gaining importance, as this period falls within the planning horizon of politics, economy, and society. The potential predictability of climate indices or extremes at the regional scale is of particular interest. The German MiKlip project (“mid‐term climate forecast”) developed the first regional decadal prediction system for Europe at 0.44° resolution, based on the regional model COSMO‐CLM using global MPI‐ESM simulations as boundary conditions. We analyse the skill of this regional system focussing on extremes and user‐oriented variables. The considered quantities are related to temperature extremes, heavy precipitation, wind impacts, and the agronomy sector. Variables related to temperature (e.g., frost days, heat wave days) show high predictive skill (anomaly correlation up to 0.9) with very little dependence on lead‐time, and the skill patterns are spatially robust. The skill patterns for precipitation‐related variables (e.g., heavy precipitation days) and wind‐based indices (like storm days) are less skilful and more heterogeneous, particularly for the latter. Quantities related to the agronomy sector (e.g., growing degree days) show high predictive skill, comparable to temperature. Overall, we provide evidence that decadal predictive skill can be generally found at the regional scale also for extremes and user‐oriented variables, demonstrating how the utility of decadal predictions can be substantially enhanced. This is a very promising first step towards impact‐related modelling at the regional scale and the development of individual user‐oriented products for stakeholders.
Pharmacokinetic comparison of nine bioactive components in rat plasma following oral administration of raw and wine‐processed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Danjie , Sun Linlin , Li Huifen , Cui Yueli , Liu Shuai , Wu Peng , Zhao Dongsheng , Zhao Pan , Zhang Xuelan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn accurate and sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the determination of nine bioactive compounds of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in rat plasma. Separation was performed on Halo® C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water. The eluate was detected by multiple reaction monitoring scanning operating in the negative ionization mode. This assay method was validated for selectivity, linearity, intra‐ and interday precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, and stability, and all methodological parameters fulfilled the Food and Drug Administration criteria for bioanalytical validation. The established method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of raw and wine‐processed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in rats for the first time. It was found that the AUC0‐24 and Cmax value of salidroside, hydroxytyrosol, and nuezhenidic acid were increased significantly after processing, while the AUC0‐24 and Cmax value of oleoside 11‐methyl ester, 1′''‐O‐β‐d‐glucosylformoside, specnuezhenide, G13, oleonuezhenide, and oleanolic acid were decreased, which suggested that processing affects the absorption and bioavailability of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus. The results might be valuable for the clinical reasonable application and understanding the processing mechanism of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus.
Variability of benthic methane‐derived carbon along seasonal, biological, and sedimentary gradients in a polymictic lake
Authors: Tsuchiya Kenji , Komatsu Kazuhiro , Shinohara Ryuichiro , Imai Akio , Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Ueno Ryuhei , Kuwahara Victor S. , Kohzu Ayato 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe spatial and seasonal variations of methane‐derived carbon contributions to Chironomus plumosus larvae and oligochaetes biomass at four stations in a polymictic, eutrophic lake were examined to determine which factors (CH4 and/or dissolved oxygen) affect the methane‐derived carbon contributions, and quantify impacts of benthic methane‐derived carbon on the lake food web. Methane‐derived carbon contributions were estimated by a two‐source mixing model using δ13C values of monthly particulate organic matter ( −29.5 to −20.8‰) and methane‐oxidizing bacteria (−85.7‰). Large spatial and seasonal variability of methane‐derived carbon contributions to C. plumosus and oligochaetes within the lake (0–38% and 0–32%, respectively) were observed, where contributions varied spatially along a gradient of sediment CH4 concentration, but not dissolved oxygen. The results suggest that for both C. plumosus and oligochaetes, spatial variabilities of the methane‐derived carbon contributions are regulated by CH4. Seasonal variability of methane‐derived carbon contributions to C. plumosus revealed increases in summer and autumn following increases in CH4. Methane‐derived biomass (methane‐derived carbon% × biomass) of C. plumosus were also higher in summer and autumn, suggesting transfer of methane‐derived carbon to higher trophic organisms may be larger during those seasons, and limited in winter and spring. Although oligochaetes did not show seasonal variability of methane‐derived carbon contributions, they provided a consistent source of methane‐derived biomass to higher trophic levels throughout the year. Our study demonstrates that two major macroinvertebrates complementarily contribute to fueling methane‐derived carbon cycling through trophic transfer in a polymictic lake.
Cell‐Membrane‐Targeted Drug Delivery System Based on Choline‐Phosphate‐Functionalized β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Feng Ying , Xin Qiangwei , Zhang Wanlin , Wang Zuxin , Gao Shan , Chen Xin , Chen Xingyu , Li Jianshu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, a novel cyclodextrin derivative, i.e., zwitterionic choline phosphate (CP)‐functionalized β‐cyclodextrin (CP‐β‐CD) is successfully synthesized by click chemistry reaction. CP‐β‐CD has excellent cell‐membrane‐targeted ability because of the CP group can bind to phosphate choline (PC) in the cell membrane and promote the cellular uptake. Due to the introduction of CP group on β‐CD, it disrupts the hydrogen network between natural β‐CD molecules. Meanwhile, the water solubility of CP‐β‐CD is improved dramatically to 816 mg mL−1, which is 440 times as that of unmodified β‐CD. Apatinib, a small molecular inhibitor, is used as a model of hydrophobic drug and loaded into CP‐β‐CD to study the solubilization effect and the anti‐angiogenisis activity. In addition, the cytotoxicity of CP‐β‐CD is also studied, and it is demonstrated that CP‐β‐CD is nontoxic. These results indicate that the apatinib can be transported into cell interior and play an excellent anti‐angiogenisis activity after being loaded into CP‐β‐CD drug delivery system. This work suggests that the water soluble CP‐β‐CD with excellent cell internalization efficiency has a potential application prospect in the field of drug delivery.
Dual characterization of fractional capacity via solution of fractional p‐Laplace equation
Authors: Shi Shaoguang , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn terms of weak solutions of the fractional p‐Laplace equation with measure data, this paper offers a dual characterization for the fractional Sobolev capacity on bounded domain. In addition, two further results are given: one is an equivalent estimate for the fractional Sobolev capacity; the other is the removability of sets of zero capacity and its relation to solutions of the fractional p‐Laplace equation.
Coaggregation properties of trimeric autotransporter adhesins
Authors: Khalil Hawzeen S. , Øgaard Jonas , Leo Jack C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTrimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) comprise a group of virulence‐related proteins in Gram‐negative bacteria. Members of this family bind to extracellular matrix components such as collagen and fibronectin, but also they exhibit several other functions, such as conferring serum resistance and autoaggregation. Autoaggregation promoted by TAAs is homotypic and mediated by the sticky, globular head domains of these lollipop‐like molecules. However, whether TAAs mediate heterotypic interactions (i.e., coaggregation) has not been studied. To address this question, we investigated the coaggregation of two model TAA groups: YadA from the enteropathogenic Yersiniae and the immunoglobulin‐binding Eib proteins from Escherichia coli. To study TAA coaggregation, we coexpressed a fluorescent label together with a particular TAA and followed the aggregative interactions using fluorescence microscopy and quantified the interactions using a novel script implemented in Fiji. Our results show that there is coaggregation between some populations expressing different TAAs, which can be explained by relatively high sequence similarity between the interacting TAAs. Generally, the level of coaggregation correlated with the sequence similarity. However, some TAAs did not interact despite high sequence similarity, showing exclusion of bacteria producing a noncompatible TAA. These data demonstrate that TAAs can mediate bacterial coaggregation, but in some cases prevent coaggregation of bacteria with disparate TAAs. Our results have implications for the ecology of TAA‐producing bacteria, where coaggregation may promote co‐operation whereas exclusion might be an indication of competition.
Women with Fragile X–associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome
Authors: Schneider Andrea , Summers Scott , Tassone Flora , Seritan Andreea , Hessl David , Hagerman Paul , Hagerman Randi 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundFragile X–associated tremor and ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late‐onset neurodegenerative disorder linked to the FMR1 premutation.ObjectivesFXTAS in women is far less common than in men, and this study represents the largest sample reported to date.MethodsA total of 53 female premutation carriers with FXTAS (meanage, 66.83 years; FXTAS stages 2–5) and 55 age‐matched and demographic background–matched control participants (meanage, 61.94 years) underwent a comprehensive molecular, physiological, neuropsychological, and psychiatric assessment.ResultsThe large sample of female premutation carriers showed a wide range of variability of clinical signs and symptom progression. The imaging results showed a middle cerebellar peduncles sign in only 6 patients; another symptom included high‐signal intensity in the splenium of the corpus callosum, and diffuse cerebral deep white matter changes (e.g., in the pons) are more common. The rate of psychiatric disorders, especially depression, is higher than in the general population. There is a clear impairment in executive functioning and fine motor skills in connection with a higher FXTAS stage.ConclusionsThe manifestation of FXTAS symptoms in female carriers can be diverse with a milder phenotype and a lower penetrance than those observed in male premutation carriers. The middle cerebellar peduncles sign is present in only a small percentage of the sample, and we propose that the imaging criteria for FXTAS in women need to be expanded.
The Parkinson's Disease Genome‐Wide Association Study Locus Browser
Authors: Grenn Francis P. , Kim Jonggeol J. , Makarious Mary B. , Iwaki Hirotaka , Illarionova Anastasia , Brolin Kajsa , Kluss Jillian H. , Schumacher‐Schuh Artur F. , Leonard Hampton , Faghri Faraz , Billingsley Kimberley , Krohn Lynne , Hall Ashley , Diez‐Fairen Monica , Periñán Maria Teresa , Foo Jia Nee , Sandor Cynthia , Webber Caleb , Fiske Brian K. , Gibbs J. Raphael , Nalls Mike A. , Singleton Andrew B. , Bandres‐Ciga Sara , Reed Xylena , Blauwendraat Cornelis ,   the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with an often complex component identifiable by genome‐wide association studies. The most recent large‐scale PD genome‐wide association studies have identified more than 90 independent risk variants for PD risk and progression across more than 80 genomic regions. One major challenge in current genomics is the identification of the causal gene(s) and variant(s) at each genome‐wide association study locus. The objective of the current study was to create a tool that would display data for relevant PD risk loci and provide guidance with the prioritization of causal genes and potential mechanisms at each locus.MethodsWe included all significant genome‐wide signals from multiple recent PD genome‐wide association studies including themost recent PD risk genome‐wide association study, age‐at‐onset genome‐wide association study, progression genome‐wide association study, and Asian population PD risk genome‐wide association study. We gathered data for all genes 1 Mb up and downstream of each variant to allow users to assess which gene(s) are most associated with the variant of interest based on a set of self‐ranked criteria. Multiple databases were queried for each gene to collect additional causal data.ResultsWe created a PD genome‐wide association study browser tool (https://pdgenetics.shinyapps.io/GWASBrowser/) to assist the PD research community with the prioritization of genes for follow‐up functional studies to identify potential therapeutic targets.ConclusionsOur PD genome‐wide association study browser tool provides users with a useful method of identifying potential causal genes at all known PD risk loci from large‐scale PD genome‐wide association studies. We plan to update this tool with new relevant data as sample sizes increase and new PD risk loci are discovered. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Bilberry Supplementation after Myocardial Infarction Decreases Microvesicles in Blood and Affects Endothelial Vesiculation
Authors: Bryl‐Górecka Paulina , Sathanoori Ramasri , Arevström Lilith , Landberg Rikard , Bergh Cecilia , Evander Mikael , Olde Björn , Laurell Thomas , Fröbert Ole , Erlinge David 
Published: August 2020

ScopeDiet rich in bilberries is considered cardioprotective, but the mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Cardiovascular disease is characterized by increased proatherogenic status and high levels of circulating microvesicles (MVs). In an open‐label study patients with myocardial infarction receive an 8 week dietary supplementation with bilberry extract (BE). The effect of BE on patient MV levels and its influence on endothelial vesiculation in vitro is investigated.Methods and resultsMVs are captured with acoustic trapping and platelet‐derived MVs (PMVs), as well as endothelial‐derived MVs (EMVs) are quantified with flow cytometry. The in vitro effect of BE on endothelial extracellular vesicle (EV) release is examined using endothelial cells and calcein staining. The mechanisms of BE influence on vesiculation pathways are studied by Western blot and qRT‐PCR. Supplementation with BE decreased both PMVs and EMVs. Furthermore, BE reduced endothelial EV release, Akt phosphorylation, and vesiculation‐related gene transcription. It also protects the cells from P2X7‐induced EV release and increase in vesiculation‐related gene expression.ConclusionBE supplementation improves the MV profile in patient blood and reduces endothelial vesiculation through several molecular mechanisms related to the P2X7 receptor. The findings provide new insight into the cardioprotective effects of bilberries.
Death depression in Egyptian clinical and non‐clinical groups
Authors: Abdel‐Khalek Ahmed M. , Dadfar Mahboubeh , Lester David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe main aims of this study were to explore the differences between seven Egyptian clinical and non‐clinical samples in death depression, as well as to estimate gender‐related differences.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe Death Depression Scale (DDS) was administered to seven groups (N = 765) of Egyptian normal (non‐clinical) patients, anxiety outpatients, schizophrenic inpatients (men and women) and addicts (men only) in individual sessions.ResultsAnxiety outpatients of both sexes obtained significantly and greatly higher death depression scores than did the other five groups, whereas the male schizophrenics, the male addicts, and the male and female non‐clinical groups had the lowest death depression scores. Female schizophrenics obtained a significantly higher death depression scores than did male schizophrenics, addicts and non‐clinical participants. Female anxiety outpatients and schizophrenics had higher death depression mean scores than did their male counterparts.DiscussionThe present finding is consistent, in general, with previous studies on death anxiety and death obsession. What applied to death anxiety was consistent also with death depression and death obsession. That is, the death distress concept.