bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Falls, Physical Function, and Activity: Results From the STURDY Trial
Authors: Schrack Jennifer , Appel Lawrence , Lipsitz Lewis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Each year, 2.8 million older adults are treated for falls, with over 800,000 hospitalized. Evidence suggests vitamin D supplementation might reduce the risk of falls, potentially through improvements in skeletal muscle function; however, results are inconsistent. In 2013 the NIA issued a request for applications to assess the efficacy and dose-response of vitamin D supplementation for fall prevention across a range of doses and serum 25(OH)D concentrations, resulting in the funding of STURDY (Study To Understand Fall Reduction and Vitamin D in You). STURDY was a seamless dose-finding and confirmatory, double-masked, response adaptive Bayesian randomized trial designed to find the best dose of vitamin D supplementation for fall prevention. Participants (n=688, ≥70 years with serum 25(OH)D of 10-29 ng/mL) were randomized to 200 (control), 1000 , 2000, or 4000 IU/day of vitamin D3.The first participant was randomized on 10/30/2015 and data collection ended on 5/31/2019. The primary outcome was time to first fall or death, and the secondary outcome was gait speed. Dr. Appel will present the main findings of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on time to first fall. Dr. Wanigatunga will present a more detailed analysis of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on fall characteristics, including indoor vs. outdoor falls, consequential falls, and repeat fall risk. Dr. Guralnik will present the effect of vitamin D supplementation on physical functioning, including gait speed, SPPB, 6-minute walk, and TUG performance. Dr. Schrack will present the effect of vitamin D supplementation on objectively measured physical activity.
Multi-Sensor Measurement of Physical Behavior in the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study
Authors: Stenholm Sari 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Retirement is a life transition that is accompanied by changes in time use and removal of work-related exposures. The Finnish Retirement and Aging study (FIREA) was established in 2013 to examine changes in 24-hour physical behavior, lifestyle factors, health and functioning by following aging workers annually from full-time work to retirement. FIREA activity substudy includes 1200 participants (mean age 63.2 years, 85% women) and their physical behavior has been measured annually with multiple accelerometers (wrist ActiGraph, thigh Axivity and hip SenseDoc including GPS). The mean number of measurement days is seven at each measurement wave with a valid wake wear time 16.0 hours before retirement and 15.6 hours after retirement. Currently, information is available from 3-5 measurement waves. Transition to retirement induced changes in 24-h physical behavior towards increased sleep and less physical activity among women, especially in those retiring from manual occupations.
Emerging Nutritional Interventions for Age-Associated Cellular Decline
Authors: Singh Anurag 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive decline in cellular health leading to dysfunction in organs with a high metabolic demand. A key feature of age associated cellular decline is impairment of mitochondrial quality control pathways such as mitophagy. Deficits in optimal functioning of these pathways results in a compromise in cellular bioenergetics that ultimately leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Promising nutritional interventions have emerged that boost mitochondrial health such as nicotinamide riboside (vitamin B3 precursor) and Urolithin A (gut metabolite of compounds found in pomegranates), that act via different mechanisms of action to improve overall mitochondrial health. Recent literature on the evidence behind these interventions will be presented and discussed during this symposium. We will also share recent clinical evidence from double-blind placebo-controlled studies with Urolithin A. Our results suggest that nutritional interventions such as Urolithin A are promising approaches that can be employed to manage age associated cellular decline.
Frailty Phenotype and Healthcare Costs in Women in Late Life: The SOF study
Authors: Langsetmo Lisa , Kats Allyson , Schousboe John , Vo Tien , Taylor Brent , Ensrud Kristine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We used data from 1324 women (mean age 83) at the 2002-2004 exam linked with their Medicare claims to determine the association of the frailty phenotype with healthcare costs. The frailty phenotype was categorized as robust, pre-frail or frail. Multimorbidity and a frailty indicator (approximating the deficit accumulation index) were derived from claims. Functional limitations were assessed by asking about difficulty performing IADL. Total direct healthcare costs were ascertained during 36 months following the exam. Compared with robust, pre-frailty and frailty were associated with higher costs after accounting for demographics, multimorbidity, functional limitations and the frailty indicator (cost ratio 1.37 [1.10-1.71] among pre-frail and 1.63 [1.28-2.08] among frail). Discrimination of high-cost (top decile) women was improved by adding the phenotype and functional limitations to a model containing demographics and the claims-based measures. Findings suggest that assessment of the phenotype may improve identification of individuals at higher risk of costly care.
Patient Engagement in Research Design and Implementation: Moving From Infancy to Adolescence
Authors: Geary Carol , Roes Martina , Abbott Katherine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Patient (also referred to as User or Older Adult) engaged research is a unique approach to research design, implementation, and dissemination. The practice of engaged research, in its broader sense, involves service recipients, caregivers, clinicians, and other stakeholders in prioritization of research questions, approach, and practice translation to ensure strong stewardship of funds, valid and reliable methods, and practical application. Patient engaged research also aligns with tenets of person-centered care in the inclusive nature and the expectation that the practice will improve the processes and the outcomes of research. Likewise, GSA’s focus on diversity of thought through interdisciplinary work strongly aligns with inclusion of patient and stakeholder voices in the performance of interdisciplinary research. Although patient and stakeholder engagement in research is a new approach for many, globally, funders increasingly require evidence of “meaningful” engagement in project proposals. In the United States, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) is well-known for funding engaged research and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) has demonstrated use of “collaborative” methods central to patient engagement within the IMPACT Collaboratory. Patient engagement literature, while growing, does not yet provide adequate guidance for replication of current or development of new approaches to patient engagement in research. Therefore, the purpose of this symposium is to frame patient engagement through a historic lens (Roes) and discuss the ethics of engagement (O’Sullivan). In addition, we will share program outcomes from three patient engagement programs: the Leading Age LTSS Center, Rural Patient & Stakeholder Engagement, and Sages in Every Setting. Patient/Person Engagement in Research Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
Examining the When and How of Physical Activity Patterns in Older Adults: The Women’s Health Study
Authors: Shiroma Eric 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using data from the Women’s Health Study (N = 17,708, mean age = 72 years), we investigated the relative importance of physical activity volume, intensity, frequency of sessions, and session duration. We calculated the mortality hazard ratio for varying patterns and combinations of physical activity intensities and sedentary behavior. In separate analyses, we compared participants who engaged in activity regularly throughout the week to those who focused on one or two days a week, and the relative importance of session frequency and duration. These characteristics of activity patterns and their impact on health may help design interventions and public policy.
Greater Social Engagement and Greater Gray Matter Microstructural Integrity of Aging Adults
Authors: Felix Cynthia , Rosano Caterina , Zhu Xiaonan , Flatt Jason , Rosso Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social engagement reflects habitual social roles in aging adults and may protect against dementia. Cross-sectional associations of social engagement (SE) index with gray matter (GM) microstructure was studied in regions of interest relevant to social cognition among community-dwelling older adults [n=293, mean age: 82.8 years (SD: 2.8), 43% males] using linear regression models. Greater SE was significantly related to lower mean diffusivity (MD) (greater GM microstructural integrity) [shown as standardized estimate (p-value)] in: left middle frontal gyrus-orbital part: -0.168 (0.005), left caudate nucleus: -0.141 (0.02), left temporal pole-middle temporal gyrus: -0.136 (0.03), right middle frontal gyrus: -0.160 (0.006), right superior frontal gyrus-orbital part: -0.187 (0.002), right middle frontal gyrus, orbital part: -0.124 (0.04), adjusted for demographic attributes. Associations were robust to adjustment for hearing or ADL difficulty. Findings were generally stronger in females than in males. Social engagement may prevent GM integrity loss and build brain reserve in dementia-related regions. Part of a symposium sponsored by Brain Interest Group.
How Cognitive Impairment Affects Medication Management in Dental Settings
Authors: Chen Xi , Madiloggovit Jirakate , Jacobson Lisa , Tranel Daniel , Comnick Carissa , Xie Xianjin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mishandling medications is commonly seen in persons with dementia, which can lead to poor treatment outcome and serious complications. Whether individuals with cognitive impairment can appropriately manage dental-related medication remains unknown, raising a liability concern for dentists who fail to recognize the patients at risk for mishandling their medications. To address this concern, we conducted a study with 51 participants with various cognitive impairment to describe their ability to handle dental-related medications. After cognitive assessment, participants were asked to set up an antibiotics pill-box and use a mouthwash as instructed, and their performance were scored. Number and type of prompts given to facilitate task completion were also documented. Mishandling of dental-related medications was common in participants with cognitive impairment. As expected, participants with poor cognition needed more assistance on handling their medications. Dentists should be aware of this concern and take it into consideration when treatment plan for these individuals. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Oral Health Interest Group.
Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Cognitive Change With the Mobile Cognitive App Performance Platform
Authors: Mechanic-Hamilton Dawn , Lydon Sean , Miller Alexander , Halberstadter Kimberly , Lane Jacqueline , Das Sandhitsu , Wolk David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the psychometric properties of the mobile cognitive app performance platform (mCAPP), designed to detect memory changes associated with preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The mCAPP memory task includes learning and matching hidden card pairs and incorporates increasing memory load, pattern separation features, and spatial memory. Participants included 30 older adults with normal cognition. They completed the mCAPP, paper and pencil neuropsychological tests and a subset completed a high-resolution structural MRI. The majority of participants found the difficulty level of the mCAPP game to be “just right”. Accuracy on the mCAPP correlated with performance on memory and executive measures, while speed of performance on the mCAPP correlated with performance on attention and executive function measures. Longer trial duration correlated with measures of the parahippocampal cortex. The relationship of mCAPP variables with molecular biomarkers, at-home and burst testing, and development of additional cognitive measures will also be discussed.
Geroscience Brings New Focus on the Life-Course Approach to Health in Humans
Authors: Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The geroscience paradigm stands on two assumptions: 1. Major changes in health are caused by accelerated aging; 2. The rate of aging can be modified by interventions with significant effects on health span. These simple statements change dramatically the portrayal of aging research in medicine. In the past, aging was considered fixed and irreversible, and the study of aging a speculative science, closer to anthropology than to physiology. However, if biological aging is the root cause of chronic disease and if the rate of aging can be changed, then the study of aging becomes the most important branch of medical research. The last twenty years of research support this view and suggest that the rate of aging is set during early development but is modifiable by appropriate interventions. These findings suggest that the architecture of disease development and subsequent loss of function may be more easily influenced by early interventions.
How Do Employers Span the Generations?
Authors: Rudolph Cort 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The concepts of “generations” and “generational differences” are nearly ubiquitous phenomena. Organizational policy makers often face questions about the purported influence of generations and differences assumed to exist between them for a variety of issues. Given the sheer volume of work dedicated to the topic, both academic and in the popular press, it can be difficult to parse correct from incorrect answers to such questions. In the present article, we pose and answer 10 common questions about generations and generational differences in an attempt to “clear the air” about common thinking, (mis)conceptions, and myths surrounding these phenomena. We offer this work with the goal of clarifying the truth about generations and generational differences, with an eye toward helping organizational policy makers navigate the complexities of these issues and making better decisions about the (assumed) role that generations play across different contexts.
GSA COVID-19 Task Force: Supporting Those in Practice
Authors: Brown Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The GSA COVID-19 Task Force developed multiple materials to assist older adults, those who care for them, and policy makers in understanding a variety of topics, including aging and immunity, ageism, the process of developing a vaccine, and how to social distance. Members of the group also undertook development of a decision aid on whether to engage in activities outside the home. The process of developing the decision aid according to Ottawa Research Institute guidelines will be explained.
AAA Research Methodology I: Overcoming Linguistic and Cultural Barriers in Aging Research Among Asians
Authors: Li Wenjun , Hou Su-I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Asians are the largest and the fastest growing segment of the world population. Asian immigrants are the second largest immigrant population in the U.S. However, their age-related social and health issues are understudied. Because studies on older Asians are often scattered geographically and small-sized and study instruments are usually inconsistent in context, language and culture, it is difficult to synthesize findings from different studies on Asians. Little data exist to support health promotion, policy evaluation and clinical practice in this population. To advance research into aging among Asians, a fundamental step is to create content-relevant, linguistically and culturally appropriate research instruments, and encourage use of these consistent and comparable instruments across studies. This symposium brings together four abstracts that report the development and adaptation of linguistically and culturally appropriate survey instruments for health and behavioral studies in older Asians. The topics range from development of new scales for generative concern and acts in older Singaporeans, assessment of appropriateness of health literacy measurements among East Asian older adults, validation of Health Aging Instrument in Southeastern Asian older adults. Based on the experiences in these studies, the group will discuss the need and strategies to develop an international network to promote resource sharing and research collaborations across geographic boundaries and disciplinary divisions. By bringing together the isolated but talented Asian health researchers, the new network may accelerate the growth of research on Aging Among Asians. This symposium is a collaborative effort of the Aging Among Asians Interest Group.
Virtual Reality Use Among Persons With Dementia: An Integrative Review
Authors: Sefcik Justine , Petrovsky Darina , Cacchione Pamela , Oh Sungho , Demiris George 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is not well understood how virtual reality (VR) is currently used by older adults who have cognitive deficits due to dementia. The aim of this integrative review was to examine and report on published research exploring VR use among older adults with dementia. We searched 3 data bases for publications and used Whittemore and Knafl’s methodology for data extraction. Out of 122 articles we identified 24 that met our inclusion criteria, 15 published in 2012 and later. Most articles (12) used VR for assessment, and the others used VR for cognitive training (5) and as an intervention (3) (i.e., for exercise). Sample sizes were 30 or fewer persons with dementia. There is heterogeneity in the types of VR equipment, experiences, and foci of assessment through VR use. We identify opportunities to further explore VR as an intervention for persons with dementia to improve quality of life.
Multi-Level Resources to Support Health Behavior Maintenance
Authors: Hughes Susan , Bettger Janet , Raj Mina , Hughes Jaime 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although behavior change is largely thought to occur on the individual level, maintenance of health behaviors also depends upon factors at the community and population levels. As discussed in earlier presentations, health behaviors can be influenced by social support, environmental context, and population-level policies. For example, maintaining a physical activity regimen is made easier when an older adult has access to a safe environment, support of family and friends, and/or ongoing access to a program that is continuously offered, or sustained, at a local community center. This presentation will focus on the importance of discussing sustainability when considering long-term maintenance of health behaviors. Specifically, this presentation will use examples from the evidence-based Fit & Strong! program, now being offered in 32 states, to explore sustainability of programs at the participant and community level and will provide an overview of barriers and facilitators faced by community organizations.
Implementation of MOVE UP and Effect on Outcomes
Authors: Lori Kieffer , Semler Linda , King Jennifer , Boak Brandi , Venditti Elizabeth , Newman Anne , Albert Steven 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The MOVE UP behavioral activation program, consisting of 32 sessions over 12 months, was delivered by trained community health workers (CHWs) at 26 sites. 300 participants completed a mean of 21.5 sessions. Change in body weight was associated with site attendance: among 9 sites with mean attendance &lt; 70%, participants lost a mean of 5.3%; among 12 sites with 70-80% attendance, 5.6%; and among 5 sites with &gt; 80% attendance, 9.2%. Completion of activity and diet logs followed a similar pattern (34.9%, 56.2%, and 72.7%, respectively), as did retention for 13-month outcome assessment (70%, 85%, and 88%, respectively). CHWs at the high-performing sites were more likely to have prior or current employment in weight management and fitness (90% vs. 41.7% and 44.4%), but did not differ in education, age, race, or employment by sites. CHW experience, not sociodemographics, affected outcomes.
Group Music Intervention for Persons With Dementia in Assisted Living: A Pilot Study
Authors: Meng Hongdao , Bugos Jennifer , Dobbs Debra , Lee Soomi , Risal Punam , Veal Britney , Patterson William 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dementia is the third leading diagnosis among US residents in assisted living communities (ALCs), and agitation is a major challenge for residents, families, and staff. While music interventions in nursing homes and the community have generated promising findings, little evidence of acceptability or efficacy data are available in ALCs. This pilot study tested the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a staff-led group music intervention among ALC residents with dementia (n=19). We used a mixed-methods pre-post study design. The primary outcome measure was the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory-Short Form (CMAI-SF), and facilitator focus group interviews were conducted to gain additional insight into intervention acceptability and facilitators/barriers to implementation among activity staff. Seventeen (89.5%) participants completed the intervention with a 77% overall session attendance rate. Results suggest that the intervention is well-received by management, family, and activity staff, Implications for intervention design, efficacy testing, and contextual factors related to implementation will be discussed.
HIV and Aging Comes into the Spotlight: 2012 to 2015
Authors: Brennan-Ing Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
I had the privilege of serving as Principal- and Co-Convener of the HIV, AIDS and Older Adults Special Interest Group (SIG) for four years (2012 through 2015). During this era, when the proportion of U.S. older adults with HIV was projected to surpass 50%, we witnessed a number of milestones including the NIH Office of AIDS Working Group on HIV and Aging recommendations for critical research focus publication (JAIDS, 2012), the first CDC Surveillance Report on people 50 and older with HIV (2013), and the first UNAIDS report on HIV and aging (2013). During this period, the SIG was very successful in raising awareness about HIV and aging through numerous GSA presentations. Topics covered ranged from sexual health, to cognitive function, psychological well-being, social isolation, successful aging, and resilience. These presentations highlighted research findings that have been critical in developing interventions and shaping policy initiatives to support this growing population. Part of a symposium sponsored by the HIV, AIDS and Older Adults Interest Group.
Developing an Exergame Intervention to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yu Fang , Salisbury Dereck , Plocher Tom 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Delaying the onset of Alzheimer’s Disease by five years could save the U.S. ~$89 billion by 2030. Aerobic exercise and cognitive training are two promising interventions for AD prevention and the two together may have a synergistic cognitive effect than either alone. The purposes of this study were to develop an integrated virtual-reality cognitive training (VRCT) and cycling intervention known as exergame and test its feasibility in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The VRCT included grocery shopping from a list, flower shopping from a list, dinnerware sorting, book sorting, and postage estimation. Twelve participants enrolled in the 1-month program (12 sessions) achieved 81.2% session adherence and 81.4% adherence to the exercise prescription. The exergame was well accepted by 75% of the participants and 100% were satisfied with the exergame quality and delivery. To conclude, exergame is a flexible intervention that is feasible for older adults with SCD.