bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction and Effect of Maternal Marginal Zinc Deficiency on Development, Redox Status, and Gene Expression Related to Oxidation and Apoptosis of Embryos
Authors: Gao Wei , Huang Liang , Zhang Xiufen , Zheng Yaohui , Wang Wence , Geng Wei , Liu Chuang , Yang Lin , Zhu Yongwen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMaternal severe zinc (Zn) deficiency induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in embryos, resulting in growth retardation. Therefore, it is crucial to assess maternal marginal Zn nutritional status for poultry breeders to prevent embryos subjected to severe Zn deficiency. MethodsIn Exp. 1, twelve egg embryos were sampled at incubation day 17 (E17), E20, E23, E26, E29, and E32 (day of hatch) respectively, with 6 replicates of 2 embryo each. The developmental changes of Zn mobilization and Zn transport gene mRNA expression were determined. In Exp. 2, 324 laying duck breeders were randomly allotted into 3 dietary Zn levels (0, 60, and 120 mg Zn/kg diet) with 6 replicates of 18 ducks per replicate. Plasma Zn concentration and erythrocytic Zn metalloenzyme activities in breeders as well as the development, redox status, and gene expression related to oxidation and apoptosis in embryos were measured. Blood samples were collected at the 2th, 4th and 6th weeks of the experiment. ResultsIn Exp. 1, the overall Zn mobilization rates were increased in yolk sac and embryonic liver in response to the increased incubation period, associated with the decreased ZIP10, 13, and 14 mRNA expressions in embryonic liver (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, with the prolonged dietary Zn depletion, maternal Zn deficiency decreased plasma Zn concentration and erythrocytic alkaline phosphatase activity at the 6th week and inhibited erythrocytic 5'-nucleotidase (5’-NT) activity at 2th week (P < 0.05). On E29 of the maximal rate of Zn mobilization, maternal marginal Zn deficiency increased middle and late embryonic mortality and contents of superoxide anion radical, MDA and PPC, as well as decreasedMT content, CuZnSOD activity, and MT1 mRNA expression in embryonic livers (P < 0.05). Additionally, maternal marginal Zn deficiency increased BCL2-associated X protein and Caspase-9 mRNA expression and decreased B-cell lymphoma-2 mRNA expression in embryonic liver (P < 0.05). ConclusionErythrocytic 5’-NT activity was more rapid and reliable to assess marginal Zn-deficient status in duck breeders. Marginal Zn deficiency impaired hatchability and antioxidant defense system and then induced the oxidative damage and apoptosis in embryonic liver, contributing to the greater loss of embryonic death.
Pathological Features and Mutational Landscapes of Multiple Renal Cell Carcinoma Regions in Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Case Report
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Kawashima Atsunari , Ujike Takeshi , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Kiuchi Hiroshi , Imamura Ryoichi , Ibuki Naokazu , Kiyotani Kazuma , Kurashige Masako , Morii Eichi , Fujita Kazutoshi , Nonomura Norio , Uemura Motohide 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex is a genetic disorder characterized by facial angiofibromas, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and tumor formation in multiple organs, including the kidney. Renal cell carcinoma occurs in 2%–4% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex, often developing multiply and bilaterally. Renal cell carcinoma associated with this genetic disorder may include complex tumor heterogeneity caused by the spatially different mutational landscape. Herein, we report the case of a female patient with tuberous sclerosis complex who developed multiple renal tumors.Case presentation: A 44-year-old female patient with tuberous sclerosis complex developed three different histological types of tumor—angiomyolipoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and papillary renal cell carcinoma—in the left kidney at first renal cell carcinoma recurrence. The papillary renal cell carcinoma was morphologically atypical, indicating that its occurrence was associated with the genetic disorder. Furthermore, whole-exome sequencing revealed distinct patterns of somatic mutation in the three tumor types, and the atypical papillary renal cell carcinoma possessed a different mutational landscape than that of typical papillary renal cell carcinomas.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis complex may be diagnosed with careful pathological examination. Furthermore, somatic mutation profiles of these tumors revealed their unique features, providing important information for further understanding the mechanism of multiple tumor development in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.
Abnormal p16 Expression and Prognostic Significance in Chinese Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xue , Chen Weijie , Zhang Xiaolei , Xu Lei , Gao Feng , Huang Yufeng , Gu Wenyi , Jiang Dongxian , Hou Yingyong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to analysis p16 expression status and evaluate whether abnormal p16 expression was associated with prognosis in a large-scale Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated p16 expression status of 525 ESCC samples using immunohistochemistry. Associations between abnormal p16 expression and survival were analyzed. Results: P16 negative, focal expression and overexpression were found in 87.6%, 6.9% and 5.5% of ESCC patients. No significant association was observed between abnormal p16 expression and age, sex, tumor site and location, differentiation, vessel and nerve invasion, T stage and lymph node metastasis. In all patients, the survival of p16 focal expression group tended to be better compared with negative group (disease free survival/DFS P=0.040 and overall survival/OS P=0.052) and overexpression group (DFS P=0.201 and OS P=0.258), and there was no survival difference between negative group and overexpression group. The multivariate analysis for OS and DFS only found clinical stage was a significantly independent prognostic factor (P<0.001). When patients were divided into I-II stage (n=290) and III-IVa stage (n=235), the survival of focal expression group was better compared with negative group (DFS P=0.015 and OS P=0.019), tended to be better compared with overexpression group (DFS P=0.405 and OS P=0.432) in I-II stage ESCC, which was not found in III-IVa stage ESCC.Conclusion: P16 overexpression or negative tend to be associated with unfavorable outcomes, especially in I-II stage ESCC. Our study will help to identify a subgroup of ESCC patients with excellent prognosis after surgical therapy.
Sufentanil EC50 for Endotracheal Intubation with Aerosol Inhalation of Lidocaine
Authors: Xu Qiaoqiao , Zhou Zhiqiang , Ai Ling , Liu Jieqiong , Tian Xuebi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Nebulized lidocaine combined with opioid drugs was a classical implementation for awake intubation or rigid bronchoscopy. In this study, aerosol inhalation of carbonated lidocaine combined with sufentanil was accomplished prior to induction of anesthesia, to dig out whether the dosage of sufentanil could less or not, and the sufentanil EC50 for endotracheal intubation under these drugs combination.Methods: Intravenous injection of sufentanil starting at 0.5 μg/kg. Then sufentanil dosages were increased/decreased (step-size 0.05 μg/kg for sufentanil) using Dixon and Massey up and down method in the next patient depending upon previous patient's response within 3 min after intubation. The observation was terminated after 8 reflexes. The hemodynamic indexes were recorded.Results: The EC50 and EC95 of sufentanil with aerosol inhalation of lidocaine for endotracheal intubation was found to be 0.232 μg/kg (95% CI: 0.187-0.270 μg/kg) and 0.447 μg/kg (95% CI: 0.364-0.703 μg/kg). 55.88% out of 34 patients showed hemodynamic index change <20% of baseline during endotracheal intubation.Conclusion: Aerosol inhalation of lidocaine could reduce the dosage of sufentanil for endotracheal intubation. The advantages in lidocaine inhalation for airway anesthesia by ultrasonic atomizer could be recommended in patients who need more stable hemodynamic changes.Trial registration: Chinese Registry of Central Trial, ChiCTR-IOR-17014198. Registered 28 December 2017, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=22301
External Validation and Comparison of Simple Tools to Screen for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease in Chinese community population
Authors: Zhang Liuxin , Wang Min , Wang Minxian , Zhang Ru , Wang Hongliang , Zhang Wei , Ding Yajie , Wang Jie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Various non-invasive tools based on anthropometric indicators, blood lipids, and liver enzymes, etc. have been developed to screen for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with different diagnostic performance and cut-off values among studies. We aimed to validate and compare eight NAFLD-related models developed by simple indicators and to define their cut-off values in Chinese community population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a health examination cohort of 3259 people. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. General, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Fatty liver index (FLI), fatty liver disease index (FLD), Zhejiang University index (ZJU), lipid accumulation product (LAP), regression formula of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), triglyceride and glucose index (TyG), and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were calculated. The accuracy and cut-off points to detect NAFLD were evaluated by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) and the maximum Youden index analysis, respectively. A head-to-head comparison between these models and Decision Curve Analysis were conducted.Results: All of eight models are significant in different degrees of NAFLD. In 8 noninvasive diagnostic models of NAFLD, AUCs of FLI and FLD for NAFLD were higher than those of other models in the whole (0.852 and 0.852), male (0.826 and 0.824), and female (0.897 and 0.888) population, respectively. Decision Curve Analysis showed that FLI, FLD and ZJU have higher net benefit to screen for NAFLD compared to other models. The cut-off points of FLI and FLD for NAFLD were different in the total (20.6 and 28.7), male (25.3 and 29.0), and female (8.4 and 26.1) population.Conclusions: FLI and FLD could be the most accurate and applicable of 8 models for the noninvasive diagnosis of NAFLD in both male and female groups.
Chemical Quality and Antibacterial Activity of Lutjanus Dentatus (Dumeril, 1860) Oils as a Function of Extraction Method
Authors: NOUTSA Boris SIMO , Danelle DEUTCHOUA DJITIEU Arlette , ZOKOU Ronice , ngamga Fabrice Hervé NJIKE , MOUOKEU Raymond Simplice , Tchoumbougnang Fraçois , WOMENI Hilaire Maciare 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The limits of antibiotic prompted researchers to explore foods components as antimicrobial. The present study was initiated to value the oils extracted from the fat tissues of Lutjanus dentatus against food poisoning bacteria.Methods: The oils were extracted from the adipose tissue by drying at 45°C for 24 hours and by cooking in a pressure cooker at 95°C for 20 minutes followed by pressing. Subsequently, the oil extraction yield and the chemical characterization from quality indices according to standard methods and physical analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were evaluated. The oils antibacterial activity, their emulsion as well as their interactions with some common antibiotics were evaluated by the broth microdilution method.Results: L. dentatus oil adipose tissue extraction yield obtained by cooking at 95oC was high (66.83%) compared to that obtained after drying at 45oC (55.50%). The oil extracted from L. dentatus adipose tissue by drying at 45oC showed peroxide (9.76±1.19 meqd’O2) and anisidine indices (40.94±0.8) higher than those obtained by cooking at 95°C (6.56±0.40 meq d’O2 and 37.85±0.34 respectively). However, the acid, iodine and thiobarbituric acid value of oils extracted using the two methods were not significantly different P≤0.05. The FTIR profile provided information on the functional groups present in the oil and enable to appreciate the variation of the peaks compared to the quality indicesThe antibacterial test showed that the oils studied all had antibacterial activity. The best spectrum of action (23/23 bacteria tested 16 ≤ MIC ≤ 256 mg / ml) was noted with the oil extracted by cooking at 95oC. Regardless of the extraction method, emulsions have better antibacterial activity compared to the oils (0.39 ≤ MIC ≤ 12.5 mg/ml). Moreover L. dentatus oil adipose tissue potentiated the activity of Ciprofloxacin, Tetracyclin, Gentamicin, Amoxicilin and Chloramphenicol on the bacterial strains tested.Conclusion: These results are a source of motivation for a much more in-depth exploration of the antimicrobial properties of the L. dentatus oil.
Defining major trauma: A Delphi study.
Authors: Thompson Lee , Hill Michael , Lecky Fiona , Shaw Gary 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Retrospective trauma scores are often used to categorise trauma, however, they have little utility in the prehospital or hyper-acute setting and do not define major trauma to non-specialists. This study employed a Delphi process in order to gauge degrees of consensus/disagreement amongst expert panel members to define major trauma.Method: A two round modified Delphi technique was used to explore subject-expert consensus and identify variables to define major trauma through systematically collating questionnaire responses.After initial descriptive analysis of variables, Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in response to the Delphi statements between professional groups. A hierarchical cluster analysis was undertaken to identify patterns of similarity/difference of response.A grounded theory approach to qualitative analysis of data allowed for potentially multiple iterations of the Delphi process to be influenced by identified themes.Results: Of 55 expert panel members invited to participate, round 1 had 43 participants (Doctor n=20, Paramedic n=20, Nurse n=5, other n=2). No consistent patterns of opinion emerged with regards to professional group. Cluster analysis identified three patterns of similar responses and coded as trauma minimisers, the middle ground and the risk averse. Round 2 had 35 respondents with minimum change in opinion between rounds.Consensus of >70% was achieved on many variables which included the identification of life/limb threatening injuries, deranged physiology, need for intensive care interventions and that extremes of age need special consideration. It was also acknowledged that retrospective injury severity scoring has a role to play but is not the only method of defining major trauma. Various factors had a majority of agreement/disagreement but did not meet the pre-set criteria of 70% agreement. These included the topics of surgical intervention, use of Tranexamic Acid, burns, spinal immobilisation and whether a major trauma centre is the only place where major trauma can be managed.Conclusion: Based upon the output of this Delphi study, major trauma may be defined as: “Significant injury or injuries that have potential to be life-threatening or life-changing sustained from either high energy mechanisms or low energy mechanisms in those rendered vulnerable by extremes of age”.
Diagnosis of Severe Tetanus Assisted by Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of Etiology: A Case Report
Authors: An Yuling , Fan Mingming , Li Ziyu , Peng You , Yi Xiaomeng , Wei Xuxia , Yi Huimin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We shared our successful treatment experience of a severe tetanus patient in China. A 50 year old male patient was admitted to our hospital 10 days after the right arm injury due to pain and masticatory weakness. The pathogen of wound secretion was confirmed to be clostridium tetanus by next-generation sequencing (NGS).The patient's condition rapidly progressed to a severe state with autonomic instability. After debridement and comprehensive treatment in ICU, including deep analgesia and sedation with dexmedetomidine, ventilator support and anti-infection treatment, the patient finally recovered and discharged. This case suggested that early diagnosis and reasonable intervention of severe tetanus could reduce mortality.
Socio-ecological Determinants of Under-five Mortality in Nigeria: Exploring the Interaction Effects of Neighbourhood Poverty and Solid Cooking Fuel
Authors: Imo Chukwuechefulam Kingsley 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In the context of global child health priority, under-five mortality remains considerably high with the current rate of 132 deaths per 1,000 live births in Nigeria, which translates to 1 in 8 children dying before his or her fifth birthday. This has been attributed to exposure of children to household air pollution due to environmental context and inefficient cooking practices. Therefore, this study examined the interaction effects of neighbourhood poverty and use of solid cooking fuels on under-five mortality in Nigeria.Methods: Data for the study were drawn from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and covered a weighted sample of 124,442 birth history of childbearing women who reported using cooking fuels in kitchens located within the house. Descriptive and analytical analyses were carried out, including frequency tables, Pearson’s chi-square test, and multivariate using Cox proportional regression model.Results: The findings of this study showed that the risks of under-five mortality were significantly higher for children whose mothers were found in the areas of high neighbourhood poverty (HR: 1.44, CI: 1.34-1.54) and those whose mothers reported using solid cooking fuels within the house (HR: 2.26, CI: 2.06-2.49). The results further showed that the risks of death significantly reduced for children whose mothers had secondary or tertiary education (HR: 0.82, CI: 0.75-0.90) and children of mothers whose partners had at least primary education, but increased for children of mothers who were rural residents (HR: 1.25, CI: 1.16-1.35); and those found in the North-east (HR: 1.31, CI: 1.18-1.46) and North-west (HR: 1.84, CI: 1.68-2.02), compared with those in the reference categories. Conclusion: The risks of under-five mortality are significantly linked to areas of high neighbourhood poverty and use of solid cooking fuels in kitchens located within the house in Nigeria. There is the need for more pragmatic strategies to re-educate people, especially mothers on the need to use clean cooking fuels from the little resources they have to reduce the children’s exposure to harmful emissions within the house.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis awareness among men who have sex with men in Brazil
Authors: Queiroz Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes , Sousa Alvaro Francisco Lopes , Dias Sonia , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
AIM: We aim to characterize PEP and PrEP awareness in alarge national sample of Brazilian MSM. SUBJECT: Various disparities exist in HIV transmission among men who have sex withmen (MSM). Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) and Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)has been shown as important strategies to prevent HIV, but there is variation in uptakewithin the MSM population. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional,population survey-based, analytical study, conducted exclusively online in all theregions of Brazil, with a sample of 2250 MSM. The multivariate logistic regressionmodel was adopted to produce adjusted odds ratios (ORa), considering a significancelevel at .05. RESULTS: We found a low knowledge about forms of prevention, with 54.6%claiming to know PEP and 46.4% PrEP. Men who did not recognize themselves ashomosexual, that is bisexual (ORa = 1.89, 95% CI 1.48-2.40) and heterosexual (ORa =3.83, 95% CI 2.80-5.24) were more likely to know the PEP. Having a higher minimumwage (ORa = 0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.93) decreased the chances of knowing PrEP, aswell as having a higher level of education, factors that usually coexist, with thegraduate level being the highest of them (ORa = 0.13, 95% CI 0.06-0.28). CONCLUSION: Men still seem to know PEP from experience, after the failure of other preventivemeasures and not beforehand. PrEP awareness is permeated by barriers related tostructure and social determinants.
Incidence and Predictors of Lost to Follow up Among Children Attending ART Clinic at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Menshaw Tiruye , Birhanu Shiferaw , Endalamaw Aklilu , Gébermaryam Tigist 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite, antiretroviral therapy could reduce the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and related morbidity, loss to follow up is a main challenge among children living with human immunodeficiency virus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of loss to follow up among under 15 years old children attending antiretroviral therapy clinic at Dessie referral hospital, North east Ethiopia.Methods: A ten-year institution based retrospective cohort study was employed among 448 under 15 years’ old children who were enrolled on antiretroviral therapy. Data were entered and cleared using Epi- data version 3.1 and then exported to STATA version 14 for further statistical analysis. Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate the survival time and log rank test was used to compare the survival time between different categories of the explanatory variables. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify predictors of loss to follow up and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statically significant.Results: The overall incidence rate of loss to follow up was 6.3 per100 children in years of observation. Being male (AHR=2.1, CI =1.37 ,3.34), age 1-5 years (AHR=1.6, CI=1.05,2.46), poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (AHR = 6.6; CI=4.11,10.66), fair adherence to antiretroviral therapy (AHR= 2.2; CI = 1.13 ,4.20), regimen was not changed (AHR = 4.1; CI = 2.59 ,6.45), world health organization stage III and IV (AHR= 2.2; CI =1.40, 3.33) and height for age < -2 z score (AHR = 2.2; CI = 1.43, 3.44) were predictors of loss to follow up.Conclusion: The incidence rate of loss to follow was high. Age 1-5 years, world health organization stage III and IV, poor and fair adherence to antiretroviral therapy, regimen was not changed, being male and stunted were higher risk for loss to follow up. Therefore, close monitoring to the higher risk groups for loss to follow up highlighted in this study could decrease the rate of loss to follow up. Improving the adherence of children to antiretroviral therapy and nutritional support for stunted children were also recommended.