bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of polymorphisms in the HBG1‐HBD intergenic region with HbF levels
Authors: Hu Li , Huang Ling , Han Yuanyuan , Jin Tingting , Liu Juan , Jiang Minmin , Liu Xingmei , Li Yuanyuan , Han Wenping , An Bangquan , Huang Shengwen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreased levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) can improve the clinical course of the patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) or β‐thalassemia. The HBG1‐HBD intergenic region plays an important role in this process. However, very few studies investigated whether the variations in this region have an effect on HbF expression.MethodsWe retrieved all the SNP data in the HBG1‐HBD intergenic region and defined the haplotype blocks, then performed cluster analysis and selected a tagSNP. A total of 500 normal individuals and 300 β‐thalassemia carriers were enrolled. After routine blood and hemoglobin capillary electrophoresis testing, β‐thalassemia mutations were detected using PCR‐reverse dot blot. The genotypes of the rs4910736 (A > C) and rs10128556 (C > T) were determined using Sanger sequencing; the relationship between the two SNPs and the levels of HbF was analyzed.ResultsTwo haplotype blocks were constructed. Block 1 included seven haplotypes divided into two groups M and N by 11 tagSNPs, among which rs4910736 was selected as a tagSNP, while block 2 included three haplotypes. We found that the haplotypes of block 1 were statistically associated with HbF levels, but the non‐tagSNP rs10128556 was shown to be more strongly associated with HbF levels than rs4910736.ConclusionThis work proved that the haplotypes in the HBG1‐HBD intergenic region and SNP rs10128556 are both statistically associated with HbF levels, revealing the association of polymorphisms in the HBG1‐HBD intergenic region with HbF levels.
The lived experience of adolescent mother trauma survivors: A narrative approach
Authors: Harrell‐Levy Marinda K. , Isamah Onyeka , Jackson Keiaisha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study is a qualitative exploration of the link between earlier trauma and adolescent mother identity. We examined whether the mothers in our study formed an identification with other adolescent mothers, why or why not, and whether that identity (or lack thereof) was influenced by earlier traumatic experience. Fourteen residents of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, who became mothers between the ages of 14 and 19 (four White, seven African American, two Latina, and one Multiracial) participated in semi‐structured interviews. Semi‐structured, in‐depth narrative interviews explored personal and community views on and experiences with adolescent pregnancy and parenthood. Results suggest that although exposure to traumatic events early in life can prompt more favorable evaluations of adolescent mothers before becoming a member of the ingroup for some, earlier trauma can prompt others to reject ingroup among adolescent mothers. Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood programs should utilize a trauma lens.
A smart‐integrated IoT module for intelligent transportation in oil industry
Authors: Priyanka E. Bhaskaran , Maheswari Chennippan , Thangavel Subramaniam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractApart from being fundamental in industry 4.0, IoT also extends its capability to smart transportation in an oil pipeline system. The initiation of the Internet of Things has witnessed incredible success in the application of wireless sensor networks and ubiquitous computing for various smart‐control applications. In the oil industry, for smooth, accident‐less, long‐range pipeline transportation, data communication through wireless sensor networks plays a predominant role in IoT. For the prominent integration with the internet, it is essential to fabricate a middleware by overcoming the shortcomings like interoperability and heterogeneity. But yet there is no compact, integrated IoT module with power and energy‐efficient configuration to take the modern technology to the next level of innovation of wireless network systems with embedded sensors in the oil industry. Hence, this paper presents a novel, unique‐integrated compact, smart IoT module that aims at reducing costs associated with commercial data loggers and sensing modules, requiring control and data storage that need proprietary software. Other usual drawbacks of commercial solutions are limited sensor connections with low expansion flexibility and maintenance restricted to the manufacturer and long cable communication distances. The proposed integrated smart IoT module operation relies on free software, allowing online distribution and communication with a cloud server wirelessly via Wi‐Fi through message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) for efficient data communication. A secured high‐level engineering web page called Web Monitor was developed for online data analysis with real‐time monitoring and control to afford intelligent transportation in oil pipelines. Further, in this work, the real‐time validation of the proposed smart IoT module performance in the oil pipeline during abnormal circumstances is also provided. Through this integrated IoT module, the entire oil pipeline network with each substation can be interconnected and controlled beneficial with its intelligence, low cost, and portability.
Determining the dominant factors determining the variability of terrestrial ecosystem productivity in China during the last two decades
Authors: Li Jianguo , Yu Shi‐Yong , Liu Lili 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystem productivity (TEP) is an important component of ecological services. The variability of the TEP is driven by multiple factors, both natural and anthropogenic. However, little is known about the dominant factor driving the TEP change at the pixel level, which may hinder ecosystem management particularly in face of global climate changes. In this study, a 22‐year‐long dataset including climate, net primary production (NPP), and human activity was obtained to identify, at a pixel level, the dominant factors of NPP variation in China from 1992 to 2013. The results showed that: (a) the total NPP of China varied from 3.37 to 4.55 PgC/yr and continued to increase with a larger proportion being contributed from eastern China, (b) radiation is the greatest contributor to the NPP variation in China, followed by temperature and precipitation, (c) human activity‐driven pixels are relatively dispersed, and are mainly located in the rural–urban fringe zones, and (d) a total of five subregions are identified, of which Regions I and II require more attention with regard to future NPP evolution. The results of this study are important at the policy level for future management of China's ecosystems.
The co‐occurrence of Wilson disease and X‐linked agammaglobulinemia in one family highlights the promising diagnostic potential of proteolytic analysis
Authors: Poskanzer Sheri A. , Thies Jenny , Collins Christopher J. , Myers Candace T. , Dayuha Remwilyn , Duong Phi , Yi Fan , Chang Irene J. , Ochs Hans D. , Torgerson Troy R. , Hahn Si Houn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe report the first case of a family with co‐occurrence of Wilson disease (WD), an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, and X‐linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), a primary immunodeficiency disorder (PIDD) that features marked reduction in circulating B lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins.Methods and ResultsThrough utilization of a multiplexed biomarker peptide quantification method known as the immuno‐SRM assay, we were able to simultaneously and independently identify which family members are affected with WD and which are affected with XLA using dried blood spots (DBS).ConclusionBeing able to delineate multiple diagnoses using proteolytic analysis from a single DBS provides support for implementation of this methodology for clinical diagnostic use as well as large‐scale population screening, such as newborn screening (NBS). This could allow for early identification and treatment of affected individuals with WD or XLA, which have been shown to reduce morbidity and decrease mortality in these two populations.
Analyzing false‐negative results detected in low‐risk non‐invasive prenatal screening cases
Authors: Lin Ying , Liang Dong , Wang Yan , Li Hang , Liu An , Hu Ping , Xu Zhengfeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe non‐invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has been introduced into clinical practice with a high sensitivity and specificity. Although the false‐negative results are inevitable and important, limited false‐negative NIPS results have been reported and studied previously. In this study, we aim to report and analyze false‐negative results detected in the NIPS cases with a low‐risk result.MethodsNIPS was performed using whole‐genome massively parallel shotgun sequencing for screening common trisomies, rare autosomal aneuploidies, and subchromosome copy number variants. All the NIPS cases with a low‐risk result performed in our center in 2017 were followed‐up using medical records and telephone interview at 3 months after delivery. Fetal ultrasound results and available genetic diagnostic testing results were collected for pregnancies with adverse outcomes. The genetic diagnostic testing referred to chromosomal microarray analysis or fluorescent in situ hybridization on amniotic fluid cells, fetal skin tissue, neonatal peripheral blood, or available placental biopsies.ResultsBy following‐up 10,975 low‐risk results, we found 166 NIPS cases with adverse pregnancy outcomes, in which eight cases had diagnostic testing. Among them, four false‐negative cases were confirmed, including one trisomy 18 caused by placental mosaicism, one mosaic tetrasomy 12p, and 2 microdeletion/microduplication cases.ConclusionOur results revealed that mosaicism contributes to a major cause of false negative in NIPS, and highlighted the importance of ultrasound in identifying these false‐negative results.
A transient ionizing radiation SPICE model for PDSOI MOSFET
Authors: Gao Libo , Du Chuanhua , Bu Jianhui , Li Jiangjiang , Ma Quangang , Zhao Fazhan , Zeng Chao , Gao Jiantou , Li Duoli , Zeng Chuanbin , Han Zhengsheng , Luo Jiajun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a transient ionizing radiation SPICE model for PDSOI MOSFET is proposed for the simulation of the rail‐span collapse. It is based on the present understanding of transient ionizing radiation effects. The model accounts for the generation and collection of radiation induced transient photocurrent, the influence of the device geometry, and the bias conditions. Verilog‐A behavioral modeling language is utilized to implement the physically based models of the transient current sources, eliminating the use of independent current sources and lumped SPICE element models. The model is validated by comparison with the Sentaurus TCAD simulation results. The comparison of simulation and experimental results of the 64K SRAM fabricated by the 0.13 μm PDSOI technology validates the effectiveness of the dose rate model.
Weighted voting on the blockchain: Improving consensus in proof of stake protocols
Authors: Leonardos Stefanos , Reijsbergen Daniël , Piliouras Georgios 
Published: February 2020

SummaryProof of stake (PoS) protocols rely on voting mechanisms to reach consensus on the current state. If an enhanced majority of staking nodes, also called validators, agree on a proposed block, then this block is appended to the blockchain. Yet these protocols remain vulnerable to faults caused by validators who abstain either accidentally or maliciously. To protect against such faults while retaining the PoS selection and reward allocation schemes, we study weighted voting in validator committees. We formalize the block creation process and introduce validators' voting profiles which we update by a multiplicative weights algorithm relative to validators' voting behavior and aggregate blockchain rewards. Using this framework, we leverage weighted majority voting rules that optimize collective decision making to show, both numerically and analytically, that the consensus mechanism is more robust if validators' votes are appropriately scaled. We raise potential issues and limitations of weighted voting in trustless, decentralized networks and relate our results to the design of current PoS protocols.
OASM: An overload‐aware workload scheduling method for cloud computing based on biogeographical optimization
Authors: Abbasi Tadi Ali , Khayyambashi Mohammad Reza , Khosravi‐Farsani Hadi 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWith the daily increase in the number of cloud users and the volume of submitted workloads, load balancing (LB) over clouds followed by a reduction in users' response time is emerging as a vital issue. To successfully address the LB problem, we have optimized workload distribution among virtual machines (VMs). This approach consists of two parts: Firstly, a meta‐heuristic method based on biogeographical optimization for workload dispatching among VMs is introduced; secondly, we propose an innovative heuristic algorithm inspired by the “Banker algorithm” that runs in core scheduler to control and avoid VM overloads. The combination of these two (meta‐)heuristic algorithms constitutes an LB approach through which we have been able to reduce the value of the makespan to a reasonable time frame. Moreover, an information base repository (IBR) is introduced to maintain the online processing status of physical machines (PMs) and VMs. In our approach, data stored in IBR are retrieved when needed. This approach is compared with well‐known (non‐)evolutionary approaches, such as round‐robin, max‐min, MGGS, and TBSLB‐PSO. Experimental results reveal that our proposed approach outperforms its counterparts in a heterogeneous environment when the resources are smaller than the workloads. Moreover, the utilization of physical resources gradually increases. Therefore, optimal workload scheduling, as well as the lack of overload occurrence, results in a reduction in makespan.
Robust H∞ output feedback design for networked control systems with partially known delay probabilities
Authors: Haghighi Payam , Tavassoli Babak 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis article develops a predictive robust H∞ static output feedback control approach for networked control systems where random network‐induced delays in both forward and feedback communication channels are modeled as two mutually uncorrelated Markov chains. By making use of the system augmentation method, the closed‐loop system is formulated as a singular Markovian jump system with two modes, wherein the transition probability matrices of the underlying Markov chains are considered to be partially accessible. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the stochastic admissibility and robust H∞ performance of the closed‐loop system are given under the assumption of partially known transition probability matrices. A linear matrix inequality condition is proposed to determine the two‐mode‐dependent static output feedback controller gains to compensate for the random network‐induced delays efficiently and provide the desired control performance. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Determinants of antidementia drug prescription in patients older than 65: A latent class analysis
Authors: François Mathilde , Sicsic Jonathan , Pelletier‐Fleury Nathalie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntidementia drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine) are still widely prescribed despite their controversial effects and 2011 guidelines that no longer encourage their prescription. The objective was to assess which factors remained determinants of antidementia drug prescriptions.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in 2013. Patients suffering from dementia, aged 65 and over, identified in the French national health insurance database were included. Because we anticipated a high correlation between age, comorbidities, and health care use, we first identified the patients' health status by a latent class analysis. Second, we performed adjusted logistic regression models. The explanatory variables were patients' health status, gender, prescription of nonpharmacological treatments (physical and speech therapies), prescription of psychotropic drugs, and access to health care.ResultsAmong the 3873 patients included, 38% received antidementia drugs. Three latent classes of patients with different health status were identified. Patients with poor health status received significantly fewer antidementia drugs (P < .001). Patients with speech therapy or antidepressant drugs received significantly more antidementia drugs (P < .001), whereas patients with physical therapy received significantly fewer antidementia drugs (P = .006).ConclusionAntidementia drugs were less likely to be prescribed for patients with poor health status. This result is encouraging for these frail patients who are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of treatments. At the same time, this result encourage targeting specifically patients in good health status for the use of a decision aid, in an attempt to limit prescriptions by involving patients and families.
Is out‐patient based treatment of bronchiectasis exacerbations in children comparable to inpatient based treatment?
Authors: O'Rourke Claudia , Schilling Sandra , Martin Rebecca , Joyce Patrick , Bernadette Chang Anne , Kapur Nitin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveChildren with bronchiectasis have recurrent exacerbations and may require hospitalization. “Hospital in the home (HITH)” is used as an alternative to hospitalization for children with cystic fibrosis (CF) but to date, there is no published data on children without CF. We describe our experience of HITH (intravenous [IV] antibiotics and at least once‐daily physiotherapy‐treated airway clearance therapy) in a cohort of children with bronchiectasis, comparing outcomes between hospital and HITH‐based pathways.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed in children with bronchiectasis who were hospitalized in our center from July 2016 to July 2018. We compared treatment duration, symptom resolution, adverse events, oral antibiotic prescription on discharge and “time‐to‐next hospitalization” between children managed with the two treatment pathways.ResultsExacerbations in 63 children (median age = 6 years [range: 1‐17]; females = 33, indigenous = 8) with bronchiectasis treated with IV antibiotic therapy were analyzed (HITH n = 45, 71.5%). Duration of treatment and symptom resolution was similar between groups (hospital: median = 14 days [interquartile range {IQR}: 14‐14] and 12/18 [66.6%], respectively vs HITH: 14 [14‐15.5] and 31/45 [69%]; P = .53 and .85, respectively). There was no significant difference in adverse events (16.6% vs 9%), prescription of oral antibiotics on discharge (44% vs 24%), or “time‐to‐next hospitalization” (median 42 [IQR: 24‐100] vs 67 [IQR: 32‐95] weeks) between hospital and HITH groups, respectively.ConclusionsIn children with bronchiectasis treated for a severe exacerbation, receiving treatment in the home setting with HITH does not compromise short‐term clinical outcomes compared to hospital only treatment. Prospective studies are required to provide more robust evidence in this under‐researched area.
High‐flow nasal cannula for the treatment of life‐threatening plastic bronchitis
Authors: Vézina Kevin , Dipchand Anne I. , Narang Indra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlastic bronchitis (PB) is characterized by the formation of bronchial casts. It most frequently occurs in children with congenital heart disease, particularly post‐Fontan procedure. Several medical and surgical therapies have been described in the literature with variable success. To our knowledge, this is the first time that overnight use of home high‐flow nasal cannula is reported as a therapy to prevent recurrence of bronchial cast production in a child with PB post‐Fontan.
High school students' situational engagement associated with scientific practices in designed science learning situations
Authors: Inkinen Janna , Klager Christopher , Juuti Kalle , Schneider Barbara , Salmela‐Aro Katariina , Krajcik Joseph , Lavonen Jari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study seeks to understand how different scientific practices in high school science classrooms are associated with student situational engagement. In this study, situational engagement is conceptualized as the balance between skills, interest, and challenge when the reported experiences are all high. In this study, data on situational engagement were collected using the experience sampling method (ESM) from 142 students in southern Michigan (the United States), resulting 993 ESM responses, and 133 students in southern Finland, resulting 1,351 responses. In both countries, scientific practices related to developing models and constructing explanations were associated with higher student situational engagement than other practices. In southern Finland, using a model was also associated with a high level of student situational engagement. The results indicate that students may experience situational engagement more often in science classrooms that use models than those that do not employ such practices. Thus, scientific practices related to models should be used frequently in science classrooms to situationally engage students while learning science.
Artificial Glycoproteins as a Scaffold for Targeted Drug Therapy
Authors: Vong Kenward , Yamamoto Tomoya , Tanaka Katsunori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAkin to a cellular “fingerprint,” the glycocalyx is a glycan‐enriched cellular coating that plays a crucial role in mediating cell‐to‐cell interactions. To gain a better understanding of the factors that govern in vivo recognition, artificial glycoproteins were initially created to probe changes made to the accumulation and biodistribution of specific glycan assemblies through biomimicry. As a result, the organ‐specific accumulation for a variety of glycoproteins decorated with simple and/or complex glycans was identified. Additionally, binding trends with regard to cancer cell selectivity were also investigated. To exploit the knowledge gained from these studies, numerous groups thus became engaged in developing targeted drug methodologies based on the use of artificial glycoproteins. This has either been done through adopting the glycoprotein scaffold as a drug carrier, or to directly glycosylate therapeutic proteins/enzymes to localize their biological activity. The principle aim of this Review is to present the foundational research that has driven artificial glycoprotein‐based targeting and subsequent adaptations with potential therapeutic applications.
Experimental study of steel beam‐to‐column connections with bolted joints where the dissipative zone is the panel zone
Authors: Sato Atsushi , Koyama Yohei , Idota Hideki , Sato Yuki , Yagi Shigeharu , Takaki Sunao , Kamada Manabu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is well known that inelastic behaviour in the panel zone of beam‐to‐column connections can help to ensure a more stable structural performance, as the panel zone can absorb energy to prevent structural collapse. Although plastic deformation of up to only 30 % in the panel zone can contribute to improving performance according to Eurocode 8, in the Japanese code there is no limit when structural performance is verified. This paper describes full‐scale testing of beam‐to‐column connections where the beam was connected to the column by a T‐stub using high‐strength bolts. In the test specimens, a shape similar to a T‐stub was used for the continuity plate, and partial reinforcement at the panel was expected. The testing allowed the maximum strength and deformation capacity of the beam‐to‐column connection to be evaluated.