bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aligning α‐alumina platelets via uniaxial pressing of ceramic‐filled polymer blends for improved sintered transparency
Authors: Costakis William J. , Schlup Andrew , Youngblood Jeffrey P. , Trice Rodney W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUniaxial warm pressing was used to align alumina platelet‐filled polyethylene‐based copolymer blends. The solids loading (30‐40 vol.%) and platelet diameter (1.2 and 11 μm) were varied to compare effects on viscosity, percent reduction, and final alignment. All ceramic‐filled thermoplastic polymer blends exhibited pseudoplastic behavior. Crystallographic alignment of green body samples was quantified by the orientation parameter (r) and grain misalignment angle (full width at half maximum, FWHM) obtained from rocking curve analysis. Blends with 11 μm diameter platelets displayed a higher temperature sensitivity constant, better flow properties, and higher alignment compared to blends with 1.2 μm diameter platelets. Optimal samples produced with blends containing 30 vol.% of 11 μm diameter platelets demonstrated an alignment of r = .251 ± .017; FWHM = 11.16° ± 1.16°. A sample with optimal alignment was hot‐pressed to transparency and obtained an in‐line transmission of 70.0% at 645 nm. The final alignment of this pre‐aligned hot‐pressed sample (r = .254 ± .008; FWHM = 11.38° ± 0.54°) improved when compared to a non‐pre‐aligned sample (r = .283 ± .005; FWHM = 13.40° ± 0.38°).
Identification of immune‐enhanced molecular subtype associated with BRCA1 mutations, immune checkpoints and clinical outcome in ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Mingjun , Hu Yuexin , Gou Rui , Liu Ouxuan , Nie Xin , Li Xiao , Liu Qing , Hao Yingying , Liu Juanjuan , Lin Bei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOvarian carcinoma has the highest mortality among the malignant tumours in gynaecology, and new treatment strategies are urgently needed to improve the clinical status of ovarian carcinoma patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were performed to explore the immune function of the internal environment of tumours and its clinical correlation with ovarian carcinoma. Finally, four molecular subtypes were obtained based on the global immune‐related genes. The correlation analysis and clinical characteristics showed that four subtypes were all significantly related to clinical stage; the immune scoring results indicated that most immune signatures were upregulated in C3 subtype, and the majority of tumour‐infiltrating immune cells were upregulated in both C3 and C4 subtypes. Compared with other subtypes, C3 subtype had a higher BRCA1 mutation, higher expression of immune checkpoints, and optimal survival prognosis. These findings of the immunological microenvironment in tumours may provide new ideas for developing immunotherapeutic strategies for ovarian carcinoma.
Positioning as Normative Actors: China and the EU in Climate Change Negotiations
Authors: Wunderlich Jens‐Uwe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the communication tools employed by the EU and the People's Republic of China to project themselves as normative actors and their construction of specific role conceptions in the context of global climate change negotiations. The empirical spine of the article consists of a discourse analysis of 134 documents released by the EU and China on the issue of climate change and climate change negotiations between the 2008 Copenhagen and the 2015 Paris climate summits. The findings are that both the EU and China go to great lengths to position themselves as responsible global citizens, employing relatively consistent framing devices. Not only are the findings interesting when it comes to EU and China identity‐building as foreign policy actors; they also hint at more generic parameters along which the role of normative actor is constructed.
Concentration of citrus fruit juices in membrane pouches with solar energy Part 2: How solar drying setup and juice pretreatment determine the microbiological quality
Authors: Phinney Randi , Tivana Lucas Daniel , Östbring Karolina , Sjöholm Ingegerd , Dhulappanavar Gayatri , Jeje Imaculada , Guibundana Deize , Rayner Marilyn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate how solar drying setup and choice of juice pretreatment determine the microbiological quality in a fruit juice concentration process called solar assisted pervaporation (SAP). With this process, hygienic membrane pouches and solar energy are used to concentrate and preserve fruit juices. In this study, citrus (tangerine) marmalades were produced with SAP membrane pouches under realistic conditions in rural Mozambique with three solar drying setups and eight juice pretreatments. The results showed that the choice of solar drying setup had a negligible effect on the total aerobic plate count but a significant effect on the yeast plate count. Pasteurization as a juice pretreatment lowered the total aerobic count and the probability of fermentation, while lemon juice had no beneficial effect on the microbiological quality. The recommendations are to add sucrose and pasteurize the juice before drying and to use a direct active solar dryer.Practical ApplicationsSolar drying is a sustainable approach to food preservation for the future. However, there are food safety challenges with solar drying that make the process difficult to control. One challenge is the direct contact between the product and the surrounding air since the air may be contaminated with microorganisms. One approach to reduce the probability of contamination is by solar drying fruit juices with membrane pouches that provide a hygienic barrier between the product and the surrounding air. These types of pouches are especially suitable for juicy, citrus fruits that are difficult to preserve with traditional solar drying practices. The pouches can be used to concentrate citrus juices into marmalades in rural areas of tropical countries where established infrastructure is not available. This study investigated the hygienic nature of the approach in rural Mozambique with the help of small‐scale producers to determine the optimal way to produce safe marmalades.
The perceived financial effects of mandatory audit firm rotation
Authors: Harber Michael , Marx Ben , De Jager Phillip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the perceptions of key audit industry stakeholders concerning the direct and indirect financial effects of the implementation of mandatory audit firm rotation (MAFR) in South Africa. Globally, concerns over audit quality, in response to corporate failures, have resulted in renewed debate over MAFR as a solution. The European Union and South Africa have recently ruled in its favor, while other countries have rejected it on grounds that the benefits do not exceed the costs. Using structured surveys, the informed perspectives of experienced auditors, chief financial officers, audit committee chairs, and equity fund managers are explored and contrasted. We find that considerable costs will be imposed on audit firms in the form of “setup and transition costs,” as well as costs incurred to submit and present competitive tenders to secure appointment. Although auditors will try to recoup these costs with fee increases, this will likely not be allowed by the clients, resulting in a squeeze of audit firm profits. The Big 4 firm fee premium, relative to non‐Big 4 firms, will decrease due to increased competition. From the clients' perspective, the costs will be in the form of audit inefficiency translating into staff time and disruption, caused by the incoming auditors being less familiar with the complexities of the business. We contribute to the literature detailed descriptions and estimations of the nature and extent of potential cost implications, as expressed by experienced practitioners. The findings inform audit industry regulators, standard‐setters, and practitioners to more effectively mitigate potential unintended consequences of the regulation.
Quantitative method for estimating stain density in electron microscopy of conventionally prepared biological specimens
Authors: FERA A. , HE Q. , ZHANG G. , LEAPMAN R.D. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryStain density is an important parameter for optimising the quality of ultrastructural data obtained from several types of 3D electron microscopy techniques, including serial block‐face electron microscopy (SBEM), and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM). Here, we show how some straightforward measurements in the TEM can be used to determine the stain density based on a simple expression that we derive. Numbers of stain atoms per unit volume are determined from the measured ratio of the bright‐field intensities from regions of the specimen that contain both pure embedding material and the embedded biological structures of interest. The determination only requires knowledge of the section thickness, which can either be estimated from the microtome setting, or from low‐dose electron tomography, and the elastic scattering cross section for the heavy atoms used to stain the specimen. The method is tested on specimens of embedded blood platelets, brain tissue and liver tissue.
Development and Validation of a Photo‐Evidence Tool to Examine Characteristics of Effective Drinking Water Access in Schools
Authors: Patel Anisha I. , Podrabsky Mary , Hecht Amelie A. , Morris Sophie , Yovanovich Sasha , Walkinshaw Lina P. , Ritchie Lorrene , Hecht Christina 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFederal law requires water access in schools where meals are served. Schools report high rates of water accessibility in cafeterias, but observations indicate lower adherence. Although observation is costly, it permits a more detailed assessment of a water source to determine whether it provides effective access that encourages water consumption and thus, healthy hydration for students.METHODSTo offer a less costly alternative to observations, researchers developed and validated a photo‐evidence tool to examine characteristics of effective school drinking water access. Two observers recorded characteristics of 200 water sources in 30 schools, including type, wear, cleanliness, and water flow, and examined obstructions and beverage promotion near sources, as well as, drinking vessel availability. Observers photographed sources which were coded by a separate research team. Agreement between observation audits and photograph coding was assessed through percent agreement, and kappa statistics and correlation coefficients.RESULTSKappas indicated substantial (K > 0.60) or near perfect agreement (K > 0.80) for all characteristics of effective drinking water access with exception of wear. There was moderate agreement (r = 0.66) for water source cleanliness.CONCLUSIONSDevelopment and validation of a photo‐evidence tool to examine characteristics of effective drinking water access in schools.
Evaluating a Strategy for Implementation and Sustainability of School‐Based Health Centers in 3 Disparate Communities
Authors: Johnson Veda , Ellis Ruth S. , Hutcherson Valerie 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based health centers (SBHCs) increase access to health care and improve academic achievement for underserved students. We report on the test of a strategy to take SBHCs to scale by addressing the issues of community need and support and financial sustainability.METHODSUsing mixed methods, we collected data on student enrollment, utilization, health outcomes, seat time, patient revenues, surveys and key informant interviews from SBHCs located in 3 geographically and demographically different communities over a 2‐year period.RESULTSThe 3 health centers were comparable in their capacity to implement their operations and achieve quality outcomes but varied considerably in their abilities to achieve sustainability after 2 years of operation. All participated in a planning phase and were able to achieve community buy in and support which impacted their implementation. Only one of the SBHCs which had the highest patient utilization was able to generate enough revenue from patient billings to become sustainable after the second year.CONCLUSIONExpanding SBHCs requires a period of planning to generate community buy in and support which is required for successful implementation. Sustainability requires sustained high clinic utilization and is enhanced by health centers that are able to receive high Medicaid reimbursements.
Lay Concepts of Art, Craft, and Manufacture and the Implications for Sustainable Consumption
Authors: Judge Madeline , Fernando Julian W. , Paladino Angela , Mikolajczak Gosia , Kashima Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn object's creation history plays an important role in how we perceive, value, and interact with that object, and has consequences for policy on sustainable consumption. Here, we propose that laypeople in industrialized societies have three dominant concepts of how objects can be created: art, craft, and manufacture. These concepts are differentiated by the perceived properties and environmental sustainability of objects, as well as the perceived capabilities of producers. In three experiments, we examined the consequences of framing an object's creation history as art, craft, or manufacture. In general, art and craft objects were valued more highly than manufactured objects, and this effect was partially mediated by the perceived transfer of positive emotional residue. Mass‐produced goods may be treated as disposable consumables, whereas arts and crafts are more deserving of preservation. That this effect was stronger in Australia than China suggests that these effects may be related to a postmaterialist orientation.
Fat Reproductive Justice: Navigating the Boundaries of Reproductive Health Care
Authors: LaMarre Andrea , Rice Carla , Cook Katie , Friedman May 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we explored the experiences of people in larger bodies seeking fertility and/or pregnancy care through a reproductive justice lens, integrating an understanding of weight stigma with an understanding of who has access to reproductive technologies, who is “allowed” to become pregnant, and the discourses that surround pregnancy. We conducted a thematic analysis of the narratives of 17 participants who had been labeled “overweight” or “obese” while pregnant and/or seeking reproductive health care related to fertility and/or pregnancy. Participants’ narratives speak to experiences of being surveilled and controlled in medical settings; this surveillance and control negatively impacted their access to desired care. In order to receive the kinds of care they wanted, many participants had to become self‐advocates. This self‐advocacy speaks to resistance and “resilience”; we discuss how individualizing “resilience” represents an incomplete solution to navigating the shaming and blaming encounters participants experienced with healthcare providers. We argue for health care that is more caring and responsive to the needs of diverse individuals who are or who are seeking to become pregnant.
Histological characteristics of early‐stage oral tongue cancer in young versus older patients: A multicenter matched‐pair analysis
Authors: Bello Ibrahim O. , Almangush Alhadi , Heikkinen Ilkka , Haglund Caj , Coletta Ricardo D. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Mäkitie Antti A. , Nieminen Pentti , Leivo Ilmo , Salo Tuula 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the histopathological characteristics that may differentiate early oral tongue cancer (OTSCC) between young and older patients. From a total of 311 cases diagnosed with clinically early‐stage OTSCC at 6 institutions, only 42 patients were young patients were aged ≤45 years. For comparison, 42 patients >60 years old were matched for center of management, clinical stage and gender. We compared epithelial and stromal histopathologic parameters between the two groups. Most of the parameters were similar between the two groups, although the young patients appeared to have marginally higher intensity of tumor budding, histologic risk score, infiltrative pattern of invasion and tumor‐stroma ratio. However, none of the factors showed significant difference when comparing the two groups. The histological parameters reflect mechanisms of invasive growth and tissue response to invasive growth, but not the etiological difference in OTSCC between young and older patients. Further investigations are necessary to compare the genetic background of early OTSCC in the two groups.
Predicting United Arab Emirates' real effective exchange rates using oil prices
Authors: Baghestani Hamid , AbuAl‐Foul Bassam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe examine whether oil prices help produce accurate forecasts of the real broad effective exchange rate of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Using monthly data for 1994–1999, we formulate a univariate moving average (MA) and an augmented moving average (A‐MA) model to generate multi‐period forecasts of UAE real exchange rates for 2000–2019. The MA model utilises past information in real exchange rates, while the A‐MA model utilises past information in both real exchange rates and oil prices. Our results indicate that oil prices help produce accurate forecasts of UAE real exchange rates only for 2000–2009; that is, for this period, the A‐MA forecasts are unbiased, outperform the MA forecasts and are directionally accurate. As for 2009–2019, we take a non‐parametric approach and show that oil price changes accurately predict directional change in UAE real effective exchange rates.
A multiscale approach reveals regulatory players of water stress responses in seeds during germination
Authors: Saux Marine , Ponnaiah Maharajah , Langlade Nicolas , Zanchetta Catherine , Balliau Thierry , El‐Maarouf‐Bouteau Hayat , Bailly Christophe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeed germination is regulated by environmental factors, particularly water availability. Water deficits at the time of sowing impair the establishment of crop plants. Transcriptome and proteome profiling was used to document the responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds to moderate water stress during germination in two hybrids that are nominally classed as drought sensitive and drought tolerant. Differences in the water stress‐dependent accumulation reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes activities were observed between the hybrids. A pathway‐based analysis of the hybrid transcriptomes demonstrated that the water stress‐dependent responses of seed metabolism were similar to those of the plant, with a decreased abundance of transcripts encoding proteins associated with metabolism and cell expansion. Moreover, germination under water stress conditions was associated with increased levels of transcripts encoding heat shock proteins. Exposure of germinating seeds to water stress specifically affected the abundance of a small number of proteins, including heat shock proteins. Taken together, these data not only identify factors that are likely to play a key role in drought tolerance during seed germination, but they also demonstrate the importance of the female parent in the transmission of water stress tolerance.
Determining the prevalence of depression among older adults living in Burdur, Turkey, and their associated factors
Authors: Güzel Aysun , Kara Fatih 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among older adults living in Burdur, Turkey, and their associated factors.MethodsThis analytical cross‐sectional study was conducted between May 1, 2015 and August 20, 2015 comprising 35 339 subjects aged ≥65 years living in Burdur; the sample was 770 subjects identified using a population‐weighted cluster sampling method. Data were collected by using personal information forms, Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Older People's Quality of Life Scale of the World Health Organization. The statistical analysis was performed by using t‐test for independent samples, one‐way analysis of variance and post hoc multiple comparison tests, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsOf the study population, 51.8% had a score of ≥14 (definite depression). According to the regression model, the prevalence of depression was higher in older adults aged ≥85 years than in older adults aged 65–74 years (P < 0.01), in females than in males (P < 0.01), in individuals who never consumed alcohol than in those who consumed alcohol (P = 0.04), and in older adults who perceived their health as poor than in those who were unsure about their health and perceived their health as good (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed a poor, negative, and significant correlation (r = −0.38; P < 0.01) between the total scores of Older People's Quality of Life Scale of the World Health Organization and Geriatric Depression Scale.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression is high among older adults aged ≥65 years. Age, gender, alcohol consumption, health perception, and quality of life are important predictors of depression.
Dental management of a child with Wiskott Aldrich syndrome prior to bone marrow transplant: A case report
Authors: Santosh Anitha , Banthiya Karun , Deshmukh C.T. , Bhange Prasad , Shah Shagun , Kakade Adesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimOrodental manifestations are commonly presented in Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome (WAS). The purpose of this paper is to report a case of dental management of a 5‐year‐old male child with WAS before Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Such patients are more prone to infection due to pretransplantation chemotherapy and posttransplantation immunosuppression; thus, it becomes imperative to eliminate all potential sources of infection before transplantation.Materials and MethodsFluctuating blood parameters before the dental procedure was an important challenge in rendering dental treatment. Dental procedures were carried out under general anesthesia by maintaining the hematological parameters with blood and platelet transfusion. The conventional dental treatment may not be applicable in such patients as failure of dental treatment can cause the failure of HSCT, and it has to be modified based on the clinical acumen and recommendations.ConclusionsThis case report focuses on the measures to be taken before, during, and after the dental procedure to ensure the success of the dental therapy and prevent failure of HSCT due to residual dental foci of infection. A multidisciplinary approach involving a pedodontist, a pediatrician, and a hematologist can improve the quality of life of such patients.
Gasification of Torrefied Sewage Sludge With the Addition of Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Pawlak-Kruczek Halina , Wnukowski Mateusz , Niedzwiecki Lukasz , Kowal Mateusz , Krochmalny Krystian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Utilization of sewage sludge, in a way friendly to the environment, is still a subject of intensive investigation. One of the possible solutions is the gasification of sewage sludge. Torrefaction and the use of additive can enhance this process. This study presents the results of the gasification of raw and mildly torrefied sewage sludge, as well as mildly torrefied sewage sludge with the addition of calcium carbonate. Overall, the torrefaction in mild conditions had little influence on the composition of the obtained gas. The influence was much more visible when 5% of calcium carbonate was added. The additive caused the increased average concentration of CH4 and decreased average concentration of H2 in the producer gas. The use of additive also improved the kinetics of the gasification of torrefied sewage sludge. Moreover, the tar deposition diagram confirmed that the use of calcium carbonate enhanced the quality of the produced gas by decreasing the content of the compounds, with a melting point higher than 30 °C, thus minimizing the deposition problem.