bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective optimization of carbon/glass hybrid composites with newly developed resin (NDR) using gray relational analysis
Authors: Dnyandev Patil Sagar , Bhalerao Yogesh J. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIt is seen that little amount of work on optimization of mechanical properties taking into consideration the combined effect of design variables such as stacking angle, stacking sequence, different resins and thickness of composite laminates has been carried out. The focus of this research work is on the optimization of the design variables like stacking angle, stacking sequence, different resins and thickness of composite laminates which affect the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. For this purpose, the Taguchi technique and the method of gray relational analysis (GRA) are used to identify the optimum combination of design variables. In this case, the effect of the abovementioned design variables, particularly of the newly developed resin (NDR) on mechanical properties of hybrid composites has been investigated.Design/methodology/approachThe Taguchi method is used for design of experiments and with gray relational grade (GRG) approach, the optimization is done.FindingsFrom the experimental analysis and optimization study, it was seen that the NDR gives excellent bonding strength of fibers resulting in enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates. With the GRA method, the initial setting (A3B2C4D2) was having GRG 0.866. It was increased by using a new optimum combination (A2B2C4D1) to 0.878. It means that there is an increment in the grade by 1.366%. Therefore, using the GRA approach of analysis, design variables have been successfully optimized to achieve enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates.Originality/valueThis is an original research work.
Using polaroid zinc oxide nanocomposites in strengthening a historical printed paper: application to “Annales Agricoles” – 1829 AD
Authors: Ali Hassan Rushdya Rabee 
Published: May 2020

PurposeWhat is the behavior of nano-polaroid in strengthening weak paper? What is the effect of adding nano-zinc oxide to nano-polaroid? This paper aims to answer these questions.Design/methodology/approachA number of weak historical papers dating back to 1829ADwere treated with 2% of nano-polaroid and polaroid zinc oxide nanocomposites, respectively. After dryness, the samples were subjected to ultraviolet–ozone accelerated aging. Then, the effectiveness of the treatment was defined using the mechanical properties measurement, pH measurement, the chromatic change, scanning electron microscope investigation of the fibers surface and attenuated total reflectance analysis.FindingsResults revealed that N-polaroid strengthened the fiber surface without reducing the gloss of ink. With the loading of nano-zinc particles onto N-polaroid, the strengthening effect increased, especially after the aging processes where the tensile and elongation values reached the highest value. Not only this but also the nano-polaroid coated with ZnO NPs reduced the color change and yellowness during aging, where the ΔE value reached to 3.3 (an acceptable degree of change, not monitored by the naked eye). The acidity of the treated paper also decreased significantly after the treatment and the aging. The microscopic images detected the improvement of the fibers’ structure where the fibers were swollen by the absorption of nanocomposites, which can be attributed to ZnO (NPs) that decreased the contact angle between the cellulose and the N-polaroid, which helped in filling the primary cells of fibers.Originality/valueThe study addressed the reinforcement of the printed paper samples using nano-polaroid and ZnO polaroid nanocomposites.
Nintendo’s next move
Authors: King Skyler , Karabas Ismail , Allred Anthony 
Published: May 2020

Case overview/synopsis
In the 1980s and 1990s, Nintendo was dominating the video game industry with a market share of 90 per cent. Since that time, market share has dropped substantially with new competitors, new technology and changing consumer preferences. This case examines the history of Nintendo including its loss of market share in a rapidly changing industry.

Complexity academic level
This case is suitable for undergraduate courses in strategic management where an instructor’s focus is on strategic decision-making.
Factors influencing the quality of care learning disabled patients receive in hospital
Authors: Durrant Alice 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
In total, 40% of the deaths of patients with learning disabilities have been classed as avoidable, and there is a known increased risk of harm while inpatients in hospital. This paper aims to look at the current experiences and treatment of people with learning disabilities within a general hospital setting to examine factors that affect their care.

Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive literature search was conducted of primary research between 2013 and 2019 to evaluate what is known about the quality of care and treatment that learning disabled patients experience within a general hospital.

Findings
The research suggests that people with learning disabilities receive haphazard care in hospital settings, with inconsistent implementation of reasonable adjustments, insufficient arrangements to support family and other carer input, and poor knowledge of learning disability amongst hospital staff.

Originality/value
Previously, reviews focussing on hospital care have mainly focussed on access to health care rather than its delivery. This review has found evidence of significant failings in delivering care to this patient group, identifying a gap of knowledge in this field regardless of policies and laws already in place. There should be stricter monitoring of the Equality Act’s enforcement, along with improved and mandatory training for all general health-care staff. It is crucial that health-care professionals learn from mistakes to improve the care and experiences of learning disabled inpatients.
Host phenologies and the life history of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) in a mountain stream in northern Japan
Authors: Meguro Nanoko , Kishida Osamu , Utsumi Shunsuke , Niwa Shigeru , Igarashi Susumu , Kozuka Chikara , Naniwa Aiko , Sato Takuya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of many parasites and their hosts vary conspicuously by season due to their periodic life history events. Nematomorphs are common parasites in terrestrial‐aquatic ecotones, but it is still unknown how the nematomorphs complete their complex life cycles by using multiple hosts that are potentially seasonally variable. In this study, we examined the life history of a nematomorph (Gordionus sp.) inhabiting a mountain stream in northern Japan by the seasonal survey of their infection on aquatic and terrestrial hosts and laboratory experiments. Adults of Gordionus sp. entered into stream from early June to mid‐July. The laboratory experiment suggested that the newly hatched larvae become infective to intermediate host (aquatic insect larvae) from September to November, depending on the water temperature. The nematomorph larvae infected aquatic insect hosts with diverse emergence phenology, which result in prolonged temporal window for the trophic transmission between aquatic and terrestrial hosts. The common definitive host (Pterostichus thunbergi) seemed to survive multiple years, which would allow the nematomorph larvae to fully develop within the infected host. Trophically transmitted parasites sometimes track a specific pathway of prey–predator interactions within a food web and thus are sensitive to temporal match–mismatch between intermediate and definitive hosts. Contrary to this, the nematomorphs we studied may benefit from using temporally diverse pathways across aquatic and terrestrial food webs, which may result in maintaining the populations in their seasonal environment.
Predicting speech‐sound disorder outcomes in school‐age children with hearing loss: The VicCHILD experience
Authors: St John Miya , Columbus Georgie , Brignell Amanda , Carew Peter , Skeat Jemma , Reilly Sheena , Morgan Angela T 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital hearing loss is the most common birth anomaly, typically influencing speech and language development, with potential for later academic, social and employment impacts. Yet, surprisingly, the nuances of how speech is affected have not been well examined with regards to the subtypes of speech‐sound disorder (SSD). Nor have the predictors of speech outcome been investigated within a sizeable population cohort.Aims(1) To describe the subtypes and prevalence of SSD in children with hearing loss. (2) To determine which characteristics of hearing loss predict the presence of SSD.Methods & ProceduresA total of 90 children (5–12 years of age) with permanent hearing loss were recruited from an Australian population cohort. Children completed a standardized speech assessment to determine the presence and subtype of SSD. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of speech outcome. Demographic, developmental and hearing‐related predictors were examined.Outcomes & ResultsThe prevalence of speech disorder overall was 58%, with the most common subtype being phonological delay in 49% of the sample. Factors most predictive of speech disorder were being male, younger and a bimodal user (i.e., using both a hearing aid and a cochlear implant).Conclusions & ImplicationsThis is the first study, in a sizeable cohort, to describe the prevalence and predictive factors for SSD associated with hearing loss. Clinically, it could be beneficial to implement earlier targeted phonological interventions for children with hearing loss.What this paper addsWhat is already known on this subject
Speech issues are common in children with hearing loss; however, the breakdown of subtypes of SSD (e.g., articulation versus phonological disorder) have not been previously described in a population cohort. This distinction is relevant, as each subtype calls for specific targeted intervention. Studies examining factors predictive of speech outcomes, across a range of hearing levels, are also lacking in a population cohort.
What this paper adds to existing knowledge
Data suggest the most common type of SSD in children with hearing loss is phonological delay. Males, younger children, and bimodal users were at greater risk of having a subtype of SSD.
What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?
The results are clinically pertinent as the speech diagnosis determines the targeted treatment. Phonological delay is responsive to treatment, and early targeted intervention may improve prognosis for speech outcomes for children with hearing loss.
Managing death: navigating divergent logics in end‐of‐life care
Authors: Bailey Simon , Hodgson Damian , Lennie Sarah‐Jane , Bresnen Mike , Hyde Paula 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDelivery of end‐of‐life care has gained prominence in the UK, driven by a focus upon the importance of patient choice. In practice choice is influenced by several factors, including the guidance and conduct of healthcare professionals, their different understandings of what constitutes ‘a good death’, and contested ideas of who is best placed to deliver this. We argue that the attempt to elicit and respond to patient choice is shaped in practice by a struggle between distinct ‘institutional logics’. Drawing on qualitative data from a two‐part study, we examine the tensions between different professional and organisational logics in the delivery of end‐of‐life care. Three broad clusters of logics are identified: finance, patient choice and professional authority. We find that the logic of finance shapes the meaning and practice of ‘choice’, intersecting with the logic of professional authority in order to shape choices that are in the ‘best interest’ of the patient. Different groups might be able to draw upon alternative forms of professionalism, and through these enact different versions of choice. However, this can resemble a struggle for ownership of patients at the end of life, and therefore, reinforce a conventional script of professional authority.
The effect on consent rates for deceased organ donation in Wales after the introduction of an opt‐out system
Authors: Madden S. , Collett D. , Walton P. , Empson K. , Forsythe J. , Ingham A. , Morgan K. , Murphy P. , Neuberger J. , Gardiner D. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryOrgan transplantation saves and transforms lives. Failure to secure consent for organ retrieval is widely regarded as the single most important obstacle to transplantation. A soft opt‐out system of consent for deceased organ donation was introduced into Wales in December 2015, whilst England maintained the existing opt‐in system. Cumulative data on consent rates in Wales were compared with those in England, using a two‐sided sequential procedure that was powered to detect an absolute difference in consent rates between England and Wales of 10%. Supplementary risk‐adjusted logistic regression analysis examined whether any difference in consent rates between the two nations could be attributed to variations in factors known to influence UK consent rates. Between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018, 8192 families of eligible donors in England and 474 in Wales were approached regarding organ donation, with overall consent rates of 65% and 68%, respectively. There was a steady upward trend in the proportion of families consenting to donation after brain death in Wales as compared with England and after 33 months, this reached statistical significance. No evidence of any change in the donation after circulatory death consent rate was observed. Risk‐adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that by the end of the study period the probability of consent to organ donation in Wales was higher than in England (OR [95%CI] 2.1 [1.26–3.41]). The introduction of a soft opt‐out system of consent in Wales significantly increased organ donation consent though the impact was not immediate.
Pregabalin poisoning and rising recreational use: a retrospective observational series
Authors: Isoardi Katherine Z. , Polkinghorne Gregory , Harris Keith , Isbister Geoffrey K. 
Published: May 2020

AimsWith rising use worldwide, pregabalin is increasingly implicated in poisoning deaths. We aimed to investigate the clinical effects and complications of pregabalin poisoning.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of patients presenting with pregabalin poisoning to two tertiary toxicology units from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2019. Patients were identified from prospective databases maintained by both units and data were extracted from these in addition to medical records.ResultsThere were 488 presentations in 413 patients (237 [57%] male) over the five‐year period. The median age was 41 years (IQR 31–50 years). Deliberate self‐poisonings accounted for 342 (70%) presentations, with 121 (25%) recreational exposures. Recreational exposures increased over the period from 2 (4%) in the first year to 54 (39%) presentations in the final year. The median dose of pregabalin was 1200 mg (IQR 600‐3000 mg, range 75‐16 800 mg). Co‐ingestions occurred in 427 (88%) presentations, with sedating agents being co‐ingested in 387 (79%)—most commonly opioids and benzodiazepines in 201 (41%) and 174 (36%) presentations respectively. Coma (GCS < 9) occurred in 89 (18%) cases, with 52 (11%) patients being intubated. Only one (0.2%) of these patients had not co‐ingested a sedating agent. Hypotension occurred in 26 (5%) cases, all with co‐ingestants. Seizures occurred in 11 (2%) cases, 3/59 (5%) in pregabalin‐only overdoses. The median length of stay was 16.5 hours (IQR 10–25 hours).ConclusionsPregabalin overdose does not cause severe toxicity, but rather mild sedation and, uncommonly, seizures. Coma is common in the presence of sedating co‐ingestants. Recreational use is increasing.
Predicting ischaemic events using platelet reactivity in patients receiving clopidogrel: Indirect meta‐comparison among VerifyNow, light transmission aggregometry and thromboelastography
Authors: Xiang Qian , Wang Zhe , Zhang Han‐Xu , Liu Zhi‐Yan , Xie Qiu‐Fen , Hu Kun , Mu Guang‐Yan , Ma Ling‐Yue , Zhang Zhuo , Jiang Jie , Cui Yi‐Min 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study compared performances of the three major methods used for assessing platelet reactivity (PR)—VerifyNow, light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and thromboelastography (TEG)—to predict ischaemic events in patients receiving clopidogrel. PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to April 2019 for prospective studies that examined PR using VerifyNow, LTA or TEG and the incidence of ischaemic events. The investigated diagnostic indices include sensitivity, specificity, positive (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of VerifyNow, LTA and TEG, respectively. A total of 26 prospective studies involving 22 185 patients were included in the analysis. The pooled AUC was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.67‐0.75) for VerifyNow, 0.60 (95% CI: 0.55‐0.64) for LTA and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77‐0.84) for TEG. Results of indirect comparisons indicated the AUC of VerifyNow was higher than that of LTA (1.18, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.30) and lower than that of TEG (0.88, 95% CI: 0.82‐0.94). TEG outperformed the other two methods for assessing PR in all predictive measures, including sensitivity, specificity, PLR and NLR. Despite a lack of studies that directly compared the three methods, our findings suggest that TEG should be recommended.
Long‐term study of female multiple mating indicates direct benefits in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Pai Aditi , Yan Guiyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolyandry or female mating with several different partners in a single fertile period is a widespread phenomenon possibly involving both costs and benefits. This study tested whether remating after weeks of initial copulation (periodic multiple mating) has fitness consequences for females of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a cosmopolitan storage pest. We hypothesize that females benefit from higher mating frequency and more mates through sperm replenishment and/or compatible sperm. Thus, offspring production and survivorship were examined of females that were mated to multiple males or the same male repeatedly at variable intervals (every 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 5 months). Our results suggest that remating, after months of initial copulation, confers direct benefits to females, likely by providing additional sperm or through an alternative mechanism such as better ability of fresh sperm to fertilize eggs, stimulation of oviposition from copulation itself, and/or hydration benefit of the ejaculate. We did not detect any additional benefit of female multiple mating.
Chemistry matters: biological activity of Eucalyptus essential oils on mosquito larval mortality
Authors: Gallon Carine , Martello Rafael Henrique , Cozzer Gilberto , Rezende Cássia Alves Lima , Calisto Jean Felipe Fossá , Floss Paulo Afonso , Oliveira J. Vladimir , Rezende Renan de Souza , Dal Magro Jacir , Albeny‐Simões Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mosquito Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector of arboviral diseases such as dengue fever. Currently, the main approach to mosquito control is the application of synthetic insecticides, which can lead to negative environmental impacts and insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. As such, there has been increased interest in developing alternative methods for control of vector populations such as utilizing plant compounds that act as larvicides. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae) essential oils for control of Ae. aegypti larvae. The essential oils of seven Eucalyptus species and hybrids were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The essential oils were further diluted in water with acetone (0.40%) at the following concentrations: 100, 50, 25, and 10 μg ml−1. Mortality trials were conducted in plastic containers with a solution of ultrapure water and 200 μl of diluted oil for a total volume of 50 ml per treatment. The experiments for each Eucalyptus species/hybrid and concentration were performed in triplicate, using a control containing only water and acetone. Twenty larvae were added to each container and mortality was recorded at 1, 2, 4, and 24 h. The Eucalyptus essential oils showed larvicidal activity in most of the evaluated concentrations, mainly at 50 and 100 μg ml−1. Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage and the hybrid Urograndis displayed the highest larvicidal potential (100% at 24 h) in the 100 μg ml−1 treatment. Larval mortality of Ae. aegypti showed a positive correlation with the compounds γ‐, o‐cymol, o‐cymene, terpineol, 3‐dodecylfuran‐2,5‐dione, α‐pinene, globulol, and ledol. The most abundant compounds identified in the essential oils were 1,8‐cineole and α‐pinene. These results highlight the potential of using Eucalyptus essential oils for the isolation of natural larvicidal products.
Developing consensus in identifying challenges of undergraduate orthodontic education in Malaysian public universities using e‐Delphi
Authors: Kaggal Lakshmana Rao Gururajaprasad , P Iskandar Yulita Hanum , Mokhtar Norehan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to seek consensus, identify and explore the challenges facing undergraduate orthodontic education and propose equitable solutions for overcoming the challenges amongst Malaysian public university dental schools.MethodsAn iterative e‐Delphi technique was employed as the method for gathering consensus on a range of topics found pertinent to affect orthodontic teaching and learning established through literature review. A total of ten expert panellists were recruited through a targeted invitation to the orthodontists from Malaysian public universities offering undergraduate dental education. The e‐Delphi comprised of three rounds of anonymous e‐survey. The consensus was sought for two open‐ended and two closed‐ended questions.ResultsThe response rates for all the three rounds were 100 per cent. The total number of questions responded by the participants in all the three rounds was forty‐four. Round one achieved consensus on two closed‐ended questions. Round two achieved a consensus on twenty‐eight out of thirty‐four (82.35%) questions with round three achieving a consensus on four out of six (66.66%) questions. A 70% consensus was considered as the minimum level of agreement for all the rounds. In total, consensus and agreement were achieved on two closed‐ended questions and twenty‐nine items from the open‐ended questions.ConclusionThe study was able to identify a range of issues affecting undergraduate orthodontic education with a good level of consensus using the e‐Delphi technique highlighting the need for curriculum refinement. The study has, in addition, proposed tangible methods to enable such a change.