bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A marking of the cricothyroid membrane with extended neck returns to correct position after neck manipulation and repositioning
Authors: Bowness James , Teoh Wendy H. , Kristensen Michael S. , Dalton Andrew , Saint‐Grant Alexander L. , Taylor Alasdair , Crawley Simon , Chisholm Fraser , Varsou Ourania , McGuire Barry 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundEmergency front of neck airway access by anaesthetists carries a high failure rate and it is recommended to identify the cricothyroid membrane before induction of anaesthesia in patients with a predicted difficult airway. We have investigated whether a marking of the cricothyroid membrane done in the extended neck position remains correct after the patient's neck has been manipulated and subsequently repositioned.MethodsThe subject was first placed in the extended head and neck position and had the cricothyroid membrane identified and marked with 3 methods, palpation, ‘laryngeal handshake’ and ultrasonography and the distance from the suprasternal notch to the cricothyroid membrane was measured. The subject then moved off the table and sat on a chair and subsequently returned to the extended neck position and examinations were repeated.ResultsSkin markings of all 11 subjects lay within the boundaries of the cricothyroid membrane when the subject was repositioned back to the extended neck position and the median difference between the two measurements of the distance from the suprasternal notch was 0 mm (range 0‐2 mm).ConclusionThe cricothyroid membrane can be identified and marked with the subject in the extended neck position. Then the patient's position can be changed as needed, for example to the ‘sniffing’ neck position for conventional intubation. If a front of neck airway access is required during subsequent airway management, the patient can be returned expediently to the extended‐neck position, and the marking of the centre of the membrane will still be in the correct place.
Reinterpreting sheep muscle strand‐specific RNA sequencing data showing extensive 3′UTR extensions
Authors: Ren Caifang , Deng Kaiping , Wang Zhibo , Deng Mingtian , Fan Yixuan , Zhang Yanli , Ma Jianyu , Wang Shuting , Liu Zifei , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe more complex 3′ UTR in higher organisms may have the function of increasing post‐transcriptional gene regulation. Recent RNA sequencing technologies have provided us with the possibility to capture the complete 3′ UTR landscape of different species and cells. However, no systematic analysis of sheep‐related 3′ UTR has been performed. Here, we conducted a detailed analysis of the 3′ UTR with the primary goal of identifying intact 3′ UTR landscapes in the sheep muscles of the three developmental stages. Based on strand‐specific RNA sequencing (ssRNA‐seq) data, we found that thousands of genes in sheep muscle are continuously transcribed after the UTR of the reference genome (Oar_v4.0). More than 66% of the 3′ UTR extensions exhibit similar expression trends to their upstream gene exons. These 3′ UTR extensions strongly enrich thousands of conserved microRNA binding sites. The 3′ UTR extension‐associated RNA of PFKM (PuaRNA) was predicted to be derived from the 3′ UTR of PFKM. In sheep myocytes, myotubes and various tissues, the expression pattern of PuaRNA is positively correlated with that of PFKM. Taken together, these new 3′ UTR annotations greatly extend the range of mammalian post‐transcriptional regulatory networks, which have a particular impact on the regulation of sheep muscle development.
Genome‐wide association study for feed efficiency in collective cage‐raised rabbits under full and restricted feeding
Authors: Sánchez J. P. , Legarra A. , Velasco‐Galilea M. , Piles M. , Sánchez A. , Rafel O. , González‐Rodríguez O. , Ballester M. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryFeed efficiency (FE) is one of the most economically and environmentally relevant traits in the animal production sector. The objective of this study was to gain knowledge about the genetic control of FE in rabbits. To this end, GWASs were conducted for individual growth under two feeding regimes (full feeding and restricted) and FE traits collected from cage groups, using 114 604 autosome SNPs segregating in 438 rabbits. Two different models were implemented: (1) an animal model with a linear regression on each SNP allele for growth trait; and (2) a two‐trait animal model, jointly fitting the performance trait and each SNP allele content, for FE traits. This last modeling strategy is a new tool applied to GWAS and allows information to be considered from non‐genotyped individuals whose contribution is relevant in the group average traits. A total of 189 SNPs in 17 chromosomal regions were declared to be significantly associated with any of the five analyzed traits at a chromosome‐wide level. In 12 of these regions, 20 candidate genes were proposed to explain the variation of the analyzed traits, including genes such as FTO, NDUFAF6 and CEBPA previously associated with growth and FE traits in monogastric species. Candidate genes associated with behavioral patterns were also identified. Overall, our results can be considered as the foundation for future functional research to unravel the actual causal mutations regulating growth and FE in rabbits.
Why Regenerative Agriculture?
Authors: White Courtney 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRegenerative agriculture is both an attitude and a suite of practices that restores and maintains soil health and fertility, supports biodiversity, protects watersheds, and improves ecological and economic resilience. It focuses on creating the conditions for life above and below ground and takes its cues from nature, which has a very long track record of successfully growing things. By re‐carbonizing soils via photosynthesis and biology, particularly on degraded land, regenerative agriculture can also sequester increasing quantities of atmospheric carbon (CO2) underground, making it a low‐cost “shovel‐ready” solution to climate change. Its multiple co‐benefits, including the production of healthy, nutritious food, means it will be a critical component of our response to rising climate instability.
The Future Is Rural: Societal Adaptation to Energy Descent
Authors: Bradford Jason C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur present era of high‐energy modernity will likely end over the course of the 21st century, as fossil hydrocarbons wane and new energy technologies fail to compensate. Long‐term trends of urbanization will reverse and a migration back to the countryside to regions of high biocapacity will ensue during the coming decades of energy descent. Food will become a central and organizing concern for de‐industrializing populations, and key concepts and general methods to secure food supplies using less mechanization and with few outside inputs are presented. Given that high social complexity is institutionalized, with system identities locked‐in, we should not expect a planned response to declining net energy. Instead, the so‐called Great Simplification will unfold through a series of crises that force reorganization and alter belief systems. Resilience science suggests a role for promoting system transformability along more benign paths and into social forms that are more frugal.
Energy Sprawl in the Renewable‐Energy Sector: Moving to Sufficiency in a Post‐Growth Era
Authors: Kreps Bart Hawkins 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRenewable‐energy technologies have exhibited rapid price drops in recent years, leading to hopes that such technologies will rapidly replace the entire fossil‐fuel‐energy sector. But renewable‐energy systems have been manufactured in a fossil‐fueled infrastructure. Renewable energy has been functioning as a relatively minor adjunct to the overall energy system rather than displacing fossil fuels. If we expect renewable energies to replace rather than merely supplement the fossil‐fuel infrastructure, “energy sprawl” will be a major issue. The energy return on investment (EROI) of renewables is likely to be far lower than the EROI of fossil fuels in their heyday. If renewable sources were eventually to produce all required energy, the energy‐provision sector would comprise a much larger share of the economy than at present and provide less net energy surplus to other economic sectors. This article examines key problems for wind‐ and solar‐photovoltaic‐energy industries, including: the dependence on fossil fuels to manufacture renewable‐energy equipment; the need to move beyond renewable‐energy “sweet spots”; the increasing need for new infrastructure, including storage and long‐distance transmission; and the difficulty in providing the types of heat needed for many industrial processes. Because the era of abundant, affordable energy that has fueled economic growth is coming to an end, we will need to look beyond providing our existing services with greater efficiency and question which forms of these services are actually needed for sufficiency.
Energy‐Transition Education in a Power Systems Journey: Making the Invisible Visible and Actionable
Authors: Brigham Jonee Kulman , Imbertson Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe describe an approach to educating for systemic change in energy systems by integrating technical knowledge of solutions with reflection on paradigms and norms, facilitated by experiential and art‐based forms of learning. The course, “Power Systems Journey: Making the Invisible Visible and Actionable,” is part of the University of Minnesota interdisciplinary grand‐challenge curriculum. Students take on the challenge of public science communication about how to change the electric‐grid system (from power generation to consumption) as part of an energy transition to respond to climate change. The course integrates electrical engineering, history of science and technology, systems thinking, design thinking, paradigms, art, humanities, science communication, storytelling, experiential learning, and the creation of GIS story‐maps and museum exhibits. The design context and elements of the course are described and include: the grand challenge of the energy transition itself, the context of energy‐transition education, the nature of the grand‐challenge curriculum, the collaborative and teaching philosophy, the role of students, the interdisciplinary course framework, the special focus on the role of arts and humanities in energy education, and the course‐curricular structure, which uses the “Earth Systems Journey” curriculum model. The centerpiece of the article describes the “Power Systems Journey” experience in narrative form to match the pedagogical approach of the course using artwork examples from students as they investigated the grid. The article concludes with reflections from students and teachers on what the course offers and where to go from here.
COVID‐19 and hydatidiform mole
Authors: Abbas Ahmed M. , Ahmed Lobna , Salem Amera S. , Elsamman Shimaa H. , Refai Alshaima , Fathy Safaa K. , Ahmed Omar A. , Shalotut Asmaa S. , AbdelWahab Radwa A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a pandemic threatens the entire world resulting in severe consequences for people's health. Pregnant patients with COVID‐19 had immune dysregulation that could result in abnormal pregnancy outcomes such as hydatidiform mole (HM), recurrent pregnancy loss, and early‐onset preeclampsia. In this article, we tried to summarize the possible association between COVID‐19 and the HM's development by reviewing the role of NOD‐Like Receptor (NLR) Family Pyrin Domain Containing 7 (NLRP7), cytokines, zinc, and leukocytes in the pathogenesis of HM.
An in vitro investigation into the hemodynamic effects of orifice geometry and position on left ventricular vortex formation and turbulence intensity
Authors: Tan Sean Guo‐Dong , Hon Jimmy Kim Fatt , Nguyen Yen Ngoc , Kim Sangho , Leo Hwa Liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a healthy human cardiac system, a large asymmetric clockwise vortex present in the left ventricle (LV) efficiently diverts the filling jet from the mitral annulus to the left ventricular outflow track. However, prior clinical studies have shown that artificial mitral valve replacement can affect the formation of physiological vortex, resulting in overall flow instability in the LV. Lately, the findings from several recent hemodynamic studies seem to suggest that the native D‐shaped mitral annulus might be a crucial factor in the development of this physiological flow pattern, with its inherent flow stability and formation of coherent structures within the LV. This study aims to investigate the effect of orifice shape and its position with respect to the posterior wall of the ventricle on vortical formation and turbulence intensity in the LV, by utilizing four separate orifice configurations within an in vitro left heart simulator. Stereo particle image velocimetry experiments were then carried out to characterize the downstream flow field of each configuration. Our findings demonstrate that the generation of the physiological left ventricular vortical flow was not solely dependent upon the orifice shape but rather the subsequent jet‐wall interaction. The distance of the orifice geometric center from the left ventricular posterior wall plays a significant role in this jet‐wall interaction, and thus, vortical flow dynamics.
Differential Effects of High‐ and Low‐Arousal Positive Emotions on Help‐Seeking for Depression
Authors: Straszewski Tasha , Siegel Jason T. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe current set of pre‐registered studies tested the effect of savoring a high‐arousal (exciting) or low‐arousal (calm) positive experience on help‐seeking intentions among people with heightened depressive symptomatology.MethodsAcross all three studies, participants with heightened depressive symptomatology who had not yet sought help were randomly assigned to complete a 6‐minute writing task where they reflected on an exciting memory, a calm memory, or what they did today and yesterday.ResultsSavoring an exciting memory was associated with significantly greater arousal than savoring a calm memory and the control condition (Study 1; N = 218). Both savoring conditions were associated with greater positive emotion than the control condition (Study 2; N = 193). In Study 3 (N = 1,238), savoring an exciting memory, when compared to the control condition, increased help‐seeking intentions, whereas savoring a calm memory did not.ConclusionsThe current studies support the use of high‐arousal, rather than low‐arousal, positive emotions to increase help‐seeking intentions among people with depression.
Sidr honey abrogates the oxidative stress and downregulates the hyaluronic acid concentration and gene expression of TGF‐β1 and COL1a1 in rat model of thioacetamide‐induced hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Zeweil Mohamed M. , Sadek Kadry M. , Elsadek Mohamed F. , Mahmoud Sahar F. , Ahmed Badreldin M. , Khafaga Asmaa F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a major health concern, which might progress to cirrhosis. To date, treatment trials rely mainly on the removal of the causative factor. The current study investigated the potential ameliorative role of sidr honey on thioacetamide (TAA)‐induced liver fibrosis in rats. Forty‐eight Wistar albino rats were equally allocated into four groups: control; sidr honey (5g/kg body weight (BW), orally); TAA (200 mg/kg BW, IP three times weekly/15 weeks); and sidr honey plus TAA at the same dose and administration rout. Rats co‐treated with sidr honey plus TAA revealed significant reduction in hepatic malondialdehyde, hyaluronic acid (HA), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, direct bilirubin, and hepatic mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1a1) compared to TAA‐exposed rats. In addition, the hepatoprotective potential of sidr honey was indicated via improvement of histopathologic picture of hepatocytes and upregulation of total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total protein, and albumin compared to TAA‐treated rats. In conclusion, daily administration of sidr honey (5 g/kg BW) is a promising natural antioxidant and fibrosuppressive agent that could ameliorate liver fibrosis via downregulation of fibrosis genes including TGF‐β1 and COL1a1 and HA and via enhancement of antioxidant system.
Ectogenesis and gender‐based oppression: Resisting the ideal of assimilation
Authors: Cavaliere Giulia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, Kathryn MacKay advances a defence of ectogenesis that is grounded in this technology’s potential to end—or at least mitigate the effects of—gender‐based oppression. MacKay raises important issues concerning the socialization of women as ‘mothers’, and the harms that this socialization causes. She also considers ectogenesis as an ethically preferable alternative to gestational surrogacy and uterine transplantation, one that is less harmful to women and less subject to being co‐opted to further oppressive ends. In this article, I challenge some of the assumptions that underlie MacKay’s case in favour of ectogenesis by questioning whether the relationship between women’s capacity to gestate and birth children and gender‐based oppression is as strong as MacKay makes it out to be. I subsequently argue that—even if MacKay’s reading of this relationship is accurate—ectogenesis is not a desirable means to end gender‐based oppression. It embodies a strategy that could be used to pursue liberating projects that follow what Iris Marion Young defines as ‘the ideal of assimilation’, but that must be resisted. I then concur with MacKay’s contention that ectogenesis is better than gestational surrogacy and uterine transplantation. My argument is that many of the problematic issues that MacKay herself sees as features of these practices will not disappear with ectogenesis. Finally, I conclude that MacKay’s narrow focus on women’s biology and ectogenesis as a solution to gender‐based oppression results in the overlooking of broader systemic issues that contribute to the upholding of oppressive norms.
Do implant‐retained mandibular overdentures maintain radiographic, functional, and patient‐centered outcomes after 3 years of loading?
Authors: Possebon Anna Paula da Rosa , Schuster Alessandra Julie , Miranda Samille Biasi de , Marcello‐Machado Raissa Micaella , Chagas‐Júnior Otacílio Luiz , Faot Fernanda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesAnalyzing whether radiographic, functional, and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) outcomes are maintained over 3 years of implant‐retained mandibular overdenture (IMO) function and investigating the bite force associations in the 3rd year of function.Material and methodsA longitudinal clinical study in which 24 IMO users were evaluated during a 3‐year follow‐up period. Patients’ posterior area index, masticatory function, OHRQoL and bite force were assessed. The masticatory function parameter ST_X50 reflects the opening through which 50% of the crushed particles would pass, ST_B describes the homogeneity of the bolus, and the masticatory efficiency parameters ME_5.6 and ME_2.8 represent the % of material retained in the 5.6 and 2.8 mm sieves, respectively.ResultsA significant increase in posterior area index (p ≤ .01) was found in all evaluated periods. Minor deteriorations in ST_X50 (p ≤ .01) and ME_5.6 (p ≤ .01) between the 2nd and the 3rd year coincided with improvements in ST_B (p ≤ .01), number of cycles (p ≤ .01), and cycle time (p = .02). The global OHIP‐Edent score (p = .02) and the scores in the functional limitation (p = .02), psychological discomfort (p ≤ .01), and handicap domains (p ≤ .01) increased significantly between the 2nd and the 3rd year. Correlations between bite force and cycle time (p = .03) and between posterior area index and ST_X50 (p ≤ .01) and ME_2.8 (p = .02) were also found.ConclusionChanges in posterior area index, masticatory function, and OHRQoL are still ongoing during the 3rd year of IMO function. Bite force and posterior area index influence the masticatory function outcomes in the 3rd year of IMO function.
Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a poorly known species—Erysiphe bulbouncinula (Erysiphaceae) on Koelreuteria paniculata
Authors: Liu Li , Tang Shu‐Rong , Takamatsu Susumu , Braun Uwe , Li Yu , Liu Shu‐Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractErysiphe bulbouncinula (≡ Bulbouncinula bulbosa) on Koelreuteria paniculata is a powdery mildew native and endemic in China. Fresh samples of this species were collected on K. paniculata in Sichuan Province, China, in 2018. This is the fourth confirmed identification of this species. The original description in 1932 was based on one specimen from Hangzhou and then was described in Nanjing in 1990 and in Taiwan in 1993. The morphology of the new collections of this species is described and illustrated in detail, and agrees well with the original description of the type specimen except for the number of asci (8–16 asci per chasmothecia versus 7–9 asci in the type specimen). To explore the phylogenetic position of this poorly known species, three separate phylogenetic analyses, using partial 28S rDNA and the combination of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rDNA sequences, were conducted. The results clearly showed that E. bulbouncinula form a monophyletic clade with strong bootstrap (BS) support (MP = 100%) constituting a sister clade to E. gracilis s. lat., form a subclade with Erysiphe sect. Californiomyces and then form a big group with sect. Typhulochaeta and sect. Uncinula. Phylogenetic results confirm that E. bulbouncinula is more closely allied to Erysiphe than to Phyllactinia. Thus, this species can be maintained in Erysiphe in its current circumscription, confirming Bulbouncinula as a synonym of Erysiphe.
Idealism and illusions
Authors: Smithson Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccording to the idealist, facts about phenomenal experience determine facts about the physical world. Any such view must account for illusions: cases where there is a discrepancy between the physical world and our experiences of it. In this article, I critique some recent idealist treatments of illusions before presenting my own preferred account. I then argue that, initial impressions notwithstanding, it is actually the realist who has difficulties properly accounting for illusions.
A meta‐analysis of global avian survival across species and latitude
Authors: Scholer Micah N. , Strimas‐Mackey Matthew , Jankowski Jill E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTropical birds are purported to be longer lived than their temperate counterparts, but it has not been shown whether avian survival rates covary with latitude worldwide. Here, we perform a global‐scale meta‐analysis of 949 estimates from 204 studies of avian survival and demonstrate that a latitudinal survival gradient exists in the northern hemisphere, is dampened or absent for southern hemisphere species, and that differences between passerines and nonpasserines largely drive these trends. We also show that while extrinsic factors related to climate were poor predictors of apparent survival compared to latitude alone, the relationship between apparent survival and latitude is strongly mediated by intrinsic traits – large‐bodied species and species with smaller clutch size had the highest apparent survival. Our findings reveal that differences among intrinsic traits and whether species were passerines or nonpasserines surpass latitude and its underlying climatic factors in explaining global patterns of apparent avian survival.