bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart and Green Mobility Management for 5G‐enabled Vehicular Networks
Authors: Aljeri Noura , Boukerche Azzedine 
Published: September 2020

SummaryWith the recent demand of sustainable and green smart cities, we are witnessing a growing research initiative toward the development of efficient energy‐aware 5G/Wifi‐6 wireless networks. This has led to the development of what is referred to as the Internet of Energy‐based technology to support heterogeneous and complex wireless systems such as intelligent vehicular network and smart connected cities as well as efficiently manage their available energy resources. Towards this end, the next generation of 5G/Wifi‐6 wireless network technologies shall provide a practical platform to support green Internet of vehicular networks, smart transportation systems, and smart cities. In this context, the management of vehicles' mobility and communication protocol needs to be fully investigated, adapted and reconfigured to better fit the power consumption and the energy resources' limitations of the next generation of intelligent vehicular networks. In this article, we present the latest mobility management protocols designed for 5G‐enabled vehicular networks, discuss their efficiency, their design, and their drawbacks. We point out the main characteristics, components, and limitation of mobility management protocols and wireless access. Last, but not least, we discuss several open issues, followed by future research directions toward the design and development of mobility management schemes for the next generation of green 5G and beyond enabled vehicular networks.
Intonation processing increases task‐specific fronto‐temporal connectivity in tonal language speakers
Authors: Chien Pei‐Ju , Friederici Angela D. , Hartwigsen Gesa , Sammler Daniela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLanguage comprehension depends on tight functional interactions between distributed brain regions. While these interactions are established for semantic and syntactic processes, the functional network of speech intonation – the linguistic variation of pitch – has been scarcely defined. Particularly little is known about intonation in tonal languages, in which pitch not only serves intonation but also expresses meaning via lexical tones. The present study used psychophysiological interaction analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging data to characterise the neural networks underlying intonation and tone processing in native Mandarin Chinese speakers. Participants categorised either intonation or tone of monosyllabic Mandarin words that gradually varied between statement and question and between Tone 2 and Tone 4. Intonation processing induced bilateral fronto‐temporal activity and increased functional connectivity between left inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral temporal regions, likely linking auditory perception and labelling of intonation categories in a phonological network. Tone processing induced bilateral temporal activity, associated with the auditory representation of tonal (phonemic) categories. Together, the present data demonstrate the breadth of the functional intonation network in a tonal language including higher‐level phonological processes in addition to auditory representations common to both intonation and tone.
Radical external beam re‐irradiation in the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer: Critical review
Authors: Svajdova Michaela , Dubinsky Pavol , Kazda Tomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractManagement of patients with recurrent head and neck cancer remains a challenge for the surgeon as well as the treating radiation oncologist. Even in the era of modern radiotherapy, the rate of severe toxicity remains high with unsatisfactory treatment results. Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), and heavy‐ion irradiation have all emerged as highly conformal and precise techniques that offer many radiobiological advantages in various clinical situations. Although re‐irradiation is now widespread in clinical practice, little is known about the differences in treatment response and toxicity using diverse re‐irradiation techniques. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of radiation therapy in recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer including patient selection, therapeutic outcome, and risk using different re‐irradiation techniques. Critical review of published evidence on IMRT, SBRT, and heavy‐ion full‐dose re‐irradiation is presented including data on locoregional control, overall survival, and toxicity.
Violence in healthcare at a glance: The example of the Turkish physician
Authors: Çevik Murat , Gümüştakim Raziye Ş. , Bilgili Pınar , Ayhan Başer Duygu , Doğaner Adem , Saper Selda H. K. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundViolence is an important public health problem that threatens the peace of mind in health institutions as well as in many other sectors. In recent studies, it was stated that violence occurs more frequently in healthcare centers compared to other establishments. In terms of being exposed to violence, healthcare personnel is at 16 times more risk. Violence against healthcare employees has increased gradually in Turkey and the world; it's a serious occupational hazard to consider.AimsThe aim of our study was to analyze the situation about violence against physicians, to emphasize its importance, to shed light on preventive measures and to create programs and to raise awareness of violence against physicians.MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted between October‐December 2017. A link was sent to the participants to participate voluntarily through the social media platforms mostly used by physicians and they were asked to fill out a questionnaire.Results83.3% of the 948 physicians that participated have experienced at least one episode of violence so far. The most common type of violence was verbal. More than half of violent events occurred in hospitals. One‐third of the physicians did nothing in the face of violence, more than half could not report this situation due to lack of time, only one‐quarter of those who sought support received it. Only 23.7% of the perpetrators were punished, while physicians saw the lack of deterrent sanctions as the main cause of violence. While 90.2% of physicians feel occupational burnout, 81.6% thought that physicians can protect themselves through effective legislation against violence in healthcare.ConclusionThe Law on Violence in Health should be enacted and put into practice as soon as possible.
Numerical method for interfacial heat transfer in an oil‐water displacement flow
Authors: Han Panpan , Chen Ke , You Yunxiang , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA numerical study of interfacial heat transfer is performed in an oil‐water displacement flow. The process of oil‐water displacement is one of the key technologies for the underwater tank in offshore oil exploitation. There is a need to investigate the interfacial heat transfer between oil and water as the wax precipitation and solidification of high pour point crude oil at low temperature will particularly affect the flow of oil. Before the numerical simulation is performed, it is necessary to find out the optimal numerical method. For the volume of fluid method, the property parameters in the temperature equation are mixture ones weighted by each fluid. When the unsteady term, convective term, and diffusion term are considered, there are three property parameters that are the coefficient of each term. For each coefficient, whether an algebraic scheme or a harmonic scheme could be used. When the three coefficients are considered together, there would be eight combinations of weighting form. A numerical method is developed by exploring an optimal combination of the weighting form. The results are demonstrated with an analytical solution. It is found that the combination of three harmonic schemes will significantly improve the error. The maximum and total error from this combination are reduced by 62% and 79% compared to the second‐best one and by 86% and 93% compared to the worst one. Meanwhile, the clock time only increases by 1.6% and 0.4%. The combinations of three harmonic schemes will result in the largest order of accuracy which is as large as 1.60. The harmonic scheme should be used for the property parameter of all the three terms in the vertical oil‐water flow.
Methylation markers FAM19A4 and miR124‐2 as triage strategy for primary human papillomavirus screen positive women: A large European multicenter study
Authors: Bonde Jesper , Floore Arno , Ejegod Ditte , Vink Frederique J. , Hesselink Albertus , van de Ven Peter M. , Valenčak Anja Oštrbenk , Pedersen Helle , Doorn Saskia , Quint Wim G. , Petry Karl Ulrich , Poljak Mario , Stanczuk Grazyna , Cuschieri Kate , de Sanjosé Silvia , Bleeker Maaike , Berkhof Johannes , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Heideman Daniëlle A. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer screening, cytology is used as triage to counter the low specificity of HPV testing. VALID‐SCREEN is a EU‐multicenter, retrospective study conducted to evaluate the clinical performance of the FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation‐based molecular triage test as a substitute or addition to cytology as reflex testing of HPV screen positive women. FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation test (QIAsure Methylation Test) was evaluated in 2384 HPV‐positive cervical screening samples, from women 29‐76 years of age, derived from four EU countries. Specimens were collected in ThinPrep or SurePath media, HPV‐status, concurrent cytology, and histology diagnosis were provided by the parent institutes. The control population consisted of women with no evidence of disease within 2 years of follow‐up. A total of 899 histologies were retrieved; 527 showed no disease, 124 CIN2 (5.2%), 228 CIN3 (9.6%) and 20 cervical cancers (0.8%); 19 of 20 screen‐detected cervical cancers were found methylation‐positive (sensitivity 95%). Overall specificity of FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation test was 78.3% (n = 2013; 95%CI: 76‐80). The negative predictive value of hrHPV positive, methylation‐negative outcomes were 99.9% for cervical cancer (N = 1694; 95%CI: 99.6‐99.99), 96.9% for ≥CIN3 (95%CI: 96‐98), and 93.0% for ≥CIN2 (95%CI: 92‐94). Overall sensitivity for CIN3 using FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation test was 77% (n = 228; 95%CI: 71‐82). CIN3 sensitivity was uniform between centers independent of sample collection medias, DNA extraction methods and HPV screening tests. Being objectively reported compared to the subjectivity of cytology, equally performing across settings and screening methods, the FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation constitute an alternative/supplement to cytology as triage method to be investigated in real‐life pilot implementation.
(MBSE)2: Using MBSE to Architect and Implement the MBSE System
Authors: Noguchi Ryan A. , Martin James N. , Wheaton Marilee J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModel‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is being applied in a new way at the enterprise level for the benefit of all its major programs and business units. For an enterprise to successfully implement MBSE, it must integrate models, datasets, tools, and infrastructure with appropriate processes, methods, and standards into a comprehensive, integrated MBSE “System”. This paper describes an approach being put to practice, which leverages MBSE principles and methods to architect this MBSE System, focusing on the descriptive models that serve as the foundation for MBSE. The approach is named (MBSE)2 since it uses MBSE to architect and implement the MBSE System. This (MBSE)2 approach is illustrated with example models of the MBSE System, showing how these models are used to inform the architecting process, monitor agile implementation of models, and facilitate model‐based execution of SE reviews and audits.SummaryFor an enterprise to successfully implement MBSE, it must integrate models, datasets, tools, and infrastructure with appropriate processes, methods, and standards into a comprehensive, integrated MBSE System. This paper describes an approach that uses system architecting and MBSE principles and methods to architect this MBSE System, focusing on the descriptive models that serve as the foundation for MBSE. The approach has been named (MBSE)2 since it uses MBSE to architect and implement the MBSE System. This (MBSE)2 approach was illustrated with example models of the MBSE System, showing how system modeling tools can be used to analyze the MBSE System models to inform the architecting process, monitor the agile implementation of models, and facilitate the evolved execution of SE reviews and audits.
Establishing a Reference Model for Requirements Elicitation Behavior
Authors: Scribante Naudé , Pretorius Leon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEliciting the correct requirements for a given product, project or service is crucial for the success of the endeavour. The requirements engineering process in general and the requirements elicitation process is fraught with pitfalls. This paper proposes a mechanism that can be used to model the requirements elicitation behaviour. The results of the modelling process can then provide reference modes against which to compare the actual requirements elicitation process. The result of this comparison can enable the requirements engineer to observe elicitation challenges earlier in the requirements engineering process.
Hatley‐Pirbhai Control Flow Diagram with SysML for Early Validation
Authors: Arifin Habibi Husain , Dong Yu , Ong Ho Kit Robert , Gu Yaoying , Chimplee Nasis , Daphne Wu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough CFD/DFD is one of the most used diagrams in the Hatley‐Pirbhai (H/P) modeling method, H/P does not offer the semantics to support the execution capability of behavioral modeling. In the cyber‐physical systems that operate in an open environment, an executable model is necessary to perform simulation for early phase validation. This study proposes a method for providing the execution capability by improving H/P using SysML with the MBSE Object‐Oriented context. SysML is supported by the fUML execution engine that has been standardized by the Object Management Group (OMG). With this standardized platform, the simulation results are more precise, consistent, and less ambiguous, which are necessary to perform better validation. The results showed that SysML diagrams maintained model readability and could easily implement the H/P method compared to the H/P diagrams. With the SysML model simulation, systems engineers could perform a functional analysis on the feature control logic in the early stages of the system development.
Putting the “Systemic” (back) into the “Engineering of Systems”
Authors: Bhalla Jawahar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe motivation for this paper is to rejuvenate and elevate Systems Engineering from a systematic process to a methodology for systemically engineering systems. It is broadly structured into four parts. The first introduces three key systemic concepts ‐ Systems Thinking. Modelling and Simulation ‐ as foundational pillars of Systems Engineering. The second describes a model of how we as humans perceive and create our reality, defining two orthogonal and complementary concepts ‐ Efficiency and Effectives. The third describes a “typical” Systems Engineering life‐cycle as a systematic process as a contextual reference frame for the subsequent, and central, fourth part of this paper. The fourth part then integrates the systemic concepts described in the first part, interweaving this into the two‐dimensional framework of efficiency and effectives described in the second part, back into the Systems Engineering life‐cycle outlined in the third part, highlighting the systemic aspects of the process and the central role of systems engineers in the creation of critical capability. This is followed by a conclusion and recommendations for future consideration.
Modernization Challenges of Command and Control Systems
Authors: DURMUS Suna , UZUMCU Serdar , MERT Abdullah Aykut , OZTURK Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractToday's missions are more complex and more dynamic, requiring significantly increased capabilities and efforts. Governments aim to modernize command and control systems to address these operational needs. Also, maintaining of these huge systems are challenging, obsolescence problem makes modernization inevitable. On the other hand, managing legacy systems and their upgrades are difficult. This paper investigates the difficulties of the legacy system modernization on command and control domain. We performed Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to extract system modernization challenges from the literature.
Integrating Process Standards for System Safety Analysis to Enhance Efficiency in Initial Airworthiness Certification of Military Aircraft: A Systems Engineering Perspective
Authors: Guldal Morten Reinfjord , Andersson Jonas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen designing an aircraft, a System Safety Analysis (SSA) is an important part of the systems engineering activities related to initial airworthiness certification. For military aircraft, this requires not only a process to determine whether the system is safe enough, but also to identify an acceptable balance between safety, cost and military capability. In this paper, standards for performing the SSA, mainly for civilian aircraft, have been analyzed for their relevance to certifying military aircraft. Also, the systems engineering standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 have been analyzed for its applicability to integrate SSA with other activities in a military aircraft project. The purpose of the presented work is to analyze how these processes relate and how they can be integrated to create an effective and efficient process for developing and certifying aircraft in accordance with the EMAR 21 requirements for military design organizations.
Implementing a Model‐Based, Digital Engineering Enterprise for a Defense Systems Integrator – an Ongoing Journey
Authors: Wang Gan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs the aerospace and defense industry strives to embrace digital engineering transformation, organizations quickly realize that this transformation is much more than just tools or infrastructure. It requires comprehensive change that involves people, process, and technology, and that calls for organizational strategy and stakeholder commitment. This paper provides an overview of an on‐going corporate initiative to develop an enterprise‐wide, model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) and model‐based engineering (MBE) capabilities and to instantiate a transformation of legacy workforce and culture. Our vision is to apply digital engineering (DE) as an enabler to transform legacy, document‐based development stovepipes into a product‐centric, integrated, digital engineering enterprise. At the implementation level, however, it involves a multipronged investment strategy in technology, infrastructure, process, and people, as well as an incremental process of learning and experiments. This paper lays out the architectural vision, implementation approach, and the business rationales. It also attempts to reflect on the journey to date, discussing some of the early successes, hurdles and challenges in implementing the digital engineering initiative for a diverse defense services business.
A Capability Engineering Lifecycle Framework Based on Insights from Australian Defence
Authors: Cook Stephen C , Unewisse Mark H 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Australian Department of Defence is actively pursuing initiatives to improve the integration and interoperability of the defence force and this paper reports on research findings produced in support of this effort. The paper opens with a description of the Australian Defence capability development context together with recent initiatives to provide greater military capability for the available budget. Within this context, the problem the researchers set out to address is how best to co‐ordinate the ongoing force Integration and Interoperability (I2) activities that evolve and deliver defence capabilities so that these capabilities can be integrated together at short notice and deployed. System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) approaches have been found to be effective for this class of problem and the paper provides a short review of the most promising candidates. The methodology needs analysis that follows concludes that a range of different SoS approaches will be needed to cover the different stages of the capability lifecycle and the paper then proceeds to describe an initial framework that provides a new way of looking at the defence Integrated Capability Realisation (ICR) SoSE challenge across two dimensions. The first dimension is the time horizon of the planned capability increment: from the present to around four years; four to eight years; eight to twelve years; and longer than twelve years. The second dimension covers the types of activities that are traditionally performed to evolve defence forces such as future force planning, program co‐ordination and planning, project capability definition, acquisition, and force generation. The paper describes how this framework provides a simple method to identify which SoSE approaches are the most applicable to given ICR subtasks and also proposes an overall approach to self‐organise overall Defence ICR efforts
Analysing the South African Junior Primary Education System with Agent‐based Simulation Modelling
Authors: Perrie Cailin , Searle Christa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe state and quality of the South African education system is an increasing concern. Even more than two decades after the Apartheid era, the consequence of the segregation and discrimination is evident in the country's education system. In order to address this matter, an agent‐based simulation model with the ability to model the academic progression of grade one to four learners from various socio‐economic backgrounds, based on existing data, is proposed. The model aims to effectively simulate the academic progression of learners over a four‐year period, as well as assisting intervention planning in identifying the effect that certain social or socio‐economic intervention strategies may have on the academic progression of learners in the South African education system. The agent‐based model allows for a graphical output visualizing the academic progression of agents and the effects that the activation of certain intervention strategies have on this progression.
Understanding Evolutionary Societal Decision‐making for Sustainable Social Systems Engineering Purposes
Authors: Polojärvi Dana , Gambardella Pascal , Hayward John 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo engineer sustainable social systems for Earth's future, we need to understand how they change over time based on human decision‐making. The problem of the rise and fall (or overshoot and collapse) of cultures has been studied in the social sciences for centuries, so it is a useful pattern for this purpose. To understand this behavior pattern from an operational, social systems engineering perspective, this paper reviews two of the main simulation modeling approaches to this problem and finds them to be limited (from an operational perspective) by a basis in non‐human population dynamics that leads to a problematic dependence on initial conditions. We build upon this previous work, adapting it to include decision‐making and show how these decision‐making processes change the behavior over time. To demonstrate our process, we start with a recent model of Easter Island's collapse and add operational structures that allow human decision‐making to enter the modeling structure. We show how the addition of operational decision‐making structures provides a better fit to the anthropological data and how these structures were used to generate policy on the island of Tikopia. Finally, we argue that these decision‐making structures are, themselves, engineered objects that can be improved through better understanding of their evolutionary nature.