bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of bendiocarb based (Ficam® 80% WP) Indoor Residual Spraying on feeding patterns from malaria vectors in Burkina Faso, West Africa.
Authors: HIEN Sawdetuo Aristide , Soma Dieudonné Diloma , Sawadogo Simon Pengwende , Poda Serge Bèwadéyir , Namountougou Moussa , Ouédraogo Georges Anicet , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Dabiré Roch Kounbobr 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The fight against vector is essential in malaria prevention strategies in several endemic countries in Africa. In Burkina Faso, malaria transmission is seasonal in most parts of country, so a single round of spraying should provide effective protection against malaria, provided the insecticide remains effective over the entire malaria transmission season. The outcomes of indoor residual spraying towards curtailing malaria transmission are firstly to decrease the life span of vector mosquitoes and also to reduce the malaria vectors density.

Methods

CDC light trap and early morning collections by pyrethrum spray catches were performed monthly to determine the change in malaria vector indices in sprayed (Diebougou) and unsprayed sites (Dano). The female’s malaria vectors collected by both methods were used to determine their blood feeding, biting and sporozoites rate and malaria transmission risk estimated by entomological inoculation rate.

Results

Anopheles gambiae complex composed to Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis were present throughout the transmission season, but An. gambiae was the predominant species collected (P =0.0005), comprising 88% of the total collected and the most infected species. Malaria vectors densities were significantly lower in sprayed villages (n=4,303) compared with unsprayed villages (n=12,569) during post-spraying period (P = 0.0012). In addition, mean human biting rate of An. gambiae sl and An . funestus ss were significantly lower in sprayed areas compared to unsprayed areas (P<0.05). Overall, malaria vector transmission risk was significant lower in villages which received IRS (P=0.0001) whatever the malaria vectors species ( An. gambiae sl and An. funestus ss).

Conclusions

The results showed that in the sprayed area (Diebougou), vector densities, human biting rates and malaria transmission risks were very lower than unsprayed areas (Dano). The findings also showed a change in vector behavior especially within An. funestus which became more zoophagic following IRS. The indoor residual spraying could be recommanded as control tool in areas where malaria transmission occured a given period of year.
Aquatic habitats of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus in rural south-eastern Tanzania
Authors: Nambunga Ismail Hassani , Ngowo Halfan S. , Mapua Salum A. , Hape Emmanuel E. , Msugupakulya Betwel J. , Msaky Dickson S. , Mhumbira Nicolaus T. , Mchwembo Karim R. , Tamayamali Gerald Z. , Mlembe Slyakus V. , Njalambaha Rukiyah M. , Lwetoijera Dickson W. , Finda Marceline F. , Govella Nicodem J. , Matoke-Muhia Damaris , Kaindoa Emmanuel W. , Okumu Fredros O. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

In rural south-eastern Tanzania, Anopheles funestus now dominates malaria transmission, mediating nearly nine in every ten new malaria infections. However, little is known about the ecological requirements and survival strategies of this mosquito species in the wild.

Methods

Potential mosquito aquatic habitats were systematically searched along 1000 m transects radiating from the centers of six villages in south-eastern Tanzania. All water bodies were geo-referenced, characterized and examined for presence of Anopheles larvae using standard 350mls dippers or 10L buckets. Larvae were collected for rearing, and the emergent adults identified to generic or species level, to confirm habitats containing An. funestus .

Results

One hundred and eleven (111) habitats were identified and assessed from the first five villages (all <300m altitude). Of these, 36 (32.4%) had An. funestus larvae co-occurring with other mosquito species. Another 47 (42.3%) had other Anopheles species and/or culicines but not An. funestus , and 28 (25.2%) had no mosquitoes. There were three main habitat types occupied by An. funestus, namely: a) small spring-fed pools with well-defined perimeters (36.1%), b) medium-sized natural ponds retaining water most of the year (16.7%), and c) slow-moving waters along river tributaries (47.2%). The habitats generally had clear waters with emergent surface vegetation, depths > 0.5m and distances < 100m from human dwellings. They were permanent or semi-permanent, retaining water most of the year. Water temperatures ranged from 25.2 to 28.8°C, pH from 6.5 to 6.7, turbidity from 26.6 to 54.8 NTU and total dissolved solids from 60.5 to 80.3 mg/L. In the sixth village (altitude >400m), very high densities of An. funestus were found along rivers with slow-moving clear waters and emergent vegetation.

Conclusion

This study has documented the diversity and key characteristics of aquatic habitats of An. funestus in south-eastern Tanzania, and will form an important basis for further ecological studies towards improved control strategies. Given the observed characteristics, An. funestus habitats in the area can indeed be described as fixed, few and findable. Future studies should therefore investigate potential of targeting these habitats with larviciding or larval source management to complement malaria control efforts in areas dominated by this vector.
Safety and feasibility of apheresis to harvest and concentrate parasites from subjects with induced blood stage Plasmodium vivax infection
Authors: ODEDRA Anand , Mudie Kari , Kennedy Glen , Watts Rebecca , Rossignol Emilie , Mitchell Hayley , Gower Jeremy , Robelo Maria , Imitola Zuleima Pava , Pawliw Rebecca , Woolley Stephen , Lalloo David , Robinson Greg , Lynch Sean , Collins Katharine , Amante Fiona , McCarthy James 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background In the absence of a method to culture Plasmodium vivax , the only way to source parasites is ex vivo . This hampers many aspects of P. vivax research. We assessed the safety of apheresis, a method for selective removal of specific components of blood as a means of extracting and concentrating P. vivax parasites.Methods An iterative approach was employed across four non-immune healthy human subjects in separate cohorts. All four subjects were inoculated with ~564 blood stage P. vivax parasites (HMP013- Pv ) and subjected to apheresis 10 to 11 days later. Blood samples collected during apheresis were tested for the presence and concentration of P. vivax parasites by microscopy, flow cytometry, 18S rDNA qPCR for total parasites, and pvs2 5 qRT-PCR for female gametocyte transcripts. Safety was determined by monitoring adverse events. Malaria transmission to mosquitoes was assessed by membrane feeding assays.Results There were no serious adverse events and no significant safety concerns. Apheresis concentrated asexual parasites by up to 4.9-fold (range: 0.9 - 4.9-fold) and gametocytes by up to 1.45-fold (range: 0.38 - 1.45-fold) compared to pre-apheresis densities. No single haematocrit layer contained >40% of all the recovered P. vivax asexual parasites. Ex vivo concentration of parasites by percoll gradient centrifugation of whole blood achieved greater concentration of gametocytes than apheresis. Mosquito transmission was enhanced by up to 5-fold in a single apheresis sample compared to pre-apheresis.Conclusion The modest level of parasite concentration suggests that the use of apheresis may not be an ideal method for harvesting P. vivax parasites.Trial Registration Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) Trial ID: ACTRN12617001502325 registered on 19th October 2017. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=373812
Enforcing ATP hydrolysis enhanced glycolysis and promoted solvent production under anaerobic conditions
Authors: Dai Zongjie , Zhu Yan , Dong Hongjun , Zhao Chunhua , Zhang Yanping , Li Yin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The intracellular ATP level, an indicator of cellular energy state, plays a critical role in regulating the intracellular metabolic activities. The classical ATP paradox that the glycolytic rate negatively correlates with the intracellular ATP level was well studied. Reducing intracellular ATP level could stimulate the glycolytic rate, thereby enhancing products accumulation in aerobic conditions. However, there are limited studies about the effect of reducing cellular ATP level on anaerobic glycolysis and products formation.Results Taking anaerobic ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum as a model, we reduced the intracellular ATP level by introducing an independent ATP hydrolysis module of F 1 -ATPase. We found that the low intracellular ATP level in C. acetobutylicum compared to that in aerobic microbes, was further reduced and the glucose uptake was remarkably enhanced, achieving a 78.8% increase of volumetric glucose utilization rate. The total solvent production was improved with increase in productivity (46.5%), titer (9.9%) and yield (14.5%) compared to control, with an early onset of solventogenesis and a shortened fermentation period. Consistently, genome-scale metabolic modeling revealed the elevated metabolic fluxes through glycolysis, TCA cycle, and pyruvate metabolism in F 1 -ATPase overexpression strain.Conclusions Decreasing the cellular energy level could further enhance the glycolytic rate at anaerobic condition and lead to significantly improvement on solvents synthesis. Our findings provide a novel strategy for improving ABE fermentation performance, which is beneficial for industrial Weizmann process. Engineering intracellular ATP level can thus be considered as a promising tool to enhance the efficiency of other anaerobic fermentation processes.
Diagnostic Value of WB-DWI Versus 18 F-FDG PET/CT for the Detection of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zhang Bei , Zhang Li , Bian Bingyang , Lin Fang , Zhu Zining , Wang Jiping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) is commonly used for the detection of multiple myeloma (MM). Comparative data on the efficiency of WB-DWI compared with 18 F positron emission tomography computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT) to detect MM are lacking. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-center study of twenty-two patients with MM enrolled from January 2019 to December 2019. All patients underwent WB-DWI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Pathological and clinical manifestations as well as radiologic follow-up were used for diagnosis. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of both methods were compared. The appearance diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of MM lesions and false-positive lesions were estimated. RESULTS A total of 214 MM bone lesions were evaluated. WB-DWI showed a higher overall accuracy than PET/CT (75.7% and 55.6%, respectively; < 0.05). However, for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, there were no significant differences for WB-DWI vs PET/CT (99.3% and 83.9%, 64.9% and 94.8%, 63.6% and 54.2%, 98.1% and 65.3%, respectively). The ADC value for MM lesions was significantly lower than that for false-positive lesions (p < 0.001). Receiver operating curve (ROC) curve analysis showed that the AUC was 0.846, and when the cut-off value was 0.745×10 -3 mm 2 /s, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.0% and 82.4%, respectively, which distinguished MM lesions from non-MM lesions. CONCLUSION WB-DWI may be a useful tool for the diagnosis of MM bone disease due to to higher overall accuracy and measurements of ADC values compared with PET/CT.
COVID-19 precautionary behavior: The Israeli case in the initial stage of the outbreak
Authors: Shinan-Altman Shiri , Levkovich Inbar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The lay public's behavioral responses during a virus spread, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), play an important role in bringing the outbreak under control, and provide insights into development of risk communication messages to the public. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between knowledge about COVID-19, perceived susceptibility, emotional reactions and precautionary behavior among the Israeli lay public at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,407 participants, aged 18+. Participants completed measures of knowledge about COVID-19, perceived susceptibility, emotional reactions, precautionary behavior , and socio-demographic questionnaires. A multiple hierarchical regression was calculated with precautionary behavior as the dependent variable. Results: Findings indicated that precautionary behavior was higher for females, older participants, participants with higher levels of knowledge about COVID-19, and participants with greater negative emotional reactions. A negative curvilinear relationship was found between perceived susceptibility and precautionary behavior, so that the latter was highest for participants with moderate perceived susceptibility. All interaction terms were non-significant. Conclusions: Findings suggest that in order to enhance precautionary behavior in the initial stage of a virus outbreak, it is recommended to pay attention to the public’s knowledge about the virus, perceived susceptibility and emotional reactions. Although negative feelings about the virus may motivate preventive behavior, it is important to address these feelings.
Assessments of Geotechnical Condition of Landslide Sites and Slope Stability Analysis Using Limit Equilibrium Method around Gundwin Town Area, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Azeze Azemeraw Wubalem 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The study area is located in northwestern Ethiopia where landslide incidence is active. The landslide incidence in the area resulted in the devastation of 233.1 hectares cultivated and non-cultivated land, death of eight people, demolition of five houses, displaced 90 households, and 45 households are under risk. The slope failure in this area also caused tilting of the power line, tilting of two houses, cracking of three-houses floor, failed of bridge and blocking of streams as well as springs. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the cause, failure mechanism, landslide distribution, geotechnical condition of the site, slope stability analysis and factor of safety determination. Soil sampling, laboratory test, terrain characteristics, groundwater-surface manifestation characterization, groundwater depth determination, slope stability analysis and factor of safety calculation were the most important activities employed in this research work. Using disturbed and undisturbed soil samples of the selected slope section, Atterberg limit (liquid limit & plastic limit), natural soil moisture, unit weight, specific gravity, and shear strength parameters (cohesion & internal friction angle) test were carryout as ASTM standard. The most marginal factor of safety of the area is determined based on the general limit equilibrium method that encompasses different methods inside using slope/w in GeoStudio 2018 software package considering various groundwater conditions for all selected slope sections. The factor of safety for all selected slope sections of the various method under different groundwater conditions is less than one. Based on the finding of field observation and laboratory results, landslide types (rock/soil slides, rock/earth fall, debris/earth flow, & soil creeping) and landslide factors of the study area (slope angle, slope shape, slope modification, land use, groundwater, soil type, and rainfall) are determined. This research finds out that the soil has a great contribution to slope failure in the study area, besides the soil moisture and improper land use practice.
Help-seeking behavior of individuals with schizophrenia in the general population of Hunan, China
Authors: Ma Jing , Zheng Qiongjuan , Zhang Yun , Liu Chunyu , Tian Xuefei , Wang Dongxin , Liu Xuejun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose : This study aims to know the seeking help behavior (including seeking help or not, first choice, influential factors and barriers in seeking help) of individuals with SZ in Hunan province of China. Methods : The participants are from a larger epidemiological study of severe mental disorders in Hunan province of China. Self-made questionnaires were used to collect relative information. Results : 1) Of the 367 participants, 68.9% (253/367) sought help; of those, 64.6% (n=163) pursued professional psychiatric services and 30.8% (n=78) pursued non-medical options (i.e., relatives, praying to Buddha) as the most common first choices. 2) The help-seeking behavior ratio (seeking help individuals/total sample size) is significantly lower in the illiterate group than in other education levels. Those with a family history of mental disorders tend to have a higher help-seeking behavior ratio. And the first choice of help is largely related to education level. 3) Frequent reasons behind not seeking help include fear of stigmatization (72.9%), poor mental health literacy (64.5%), concerns over cost (50.6%), and limited access to medical services (47.0%). Conclusion : About one third of the individuals do not seek help. Individuals with SZ tend to choose psychiatric hospital and relatives as their first choice. A family history of mental disorders and higher education levels are meaningfully associated with help-seeking behavior, and individuals with more education tend to seek for professional help first. The primary reasons for not seeking help include fear of stigmatization, lack of awareness about mental illness, concerns over cost, etc.
Student Nurses’ Knowledge Acquisition on Oral Medication Administration: Comparison of Lecture Demonstration Vs. Video Demonstration
Authors: Sugathapala Ravilal Devananda Udeshika Priyadarshani , Chandrika Mattaka Gamage Ruwini 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Safe and accurate medication administration is an important and potentially challenging nursing responsibility. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether the nursing students could learn and retain the basic guidelines for safe medication administration when taught using a video-assisted teaching method compared with the lecture-demonstration method and to assess the students' attitude towards the two types of teaching methods.Methods This study was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with a pre and post-test design. Forty-five students in the first year of the Bachelor's in nursing degree programme have participated in this study. All the participants completed a self- administered questionnaire, including background characteristics and questions of oral medication administration. Subsequently, participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Oral medication administration procedure was taught using two different teaching methods. Finally, the post-test knowledge scores in both groups were assessed and analysed using the paired-sample t-test.Results The results revealed that there is no significant difference in terms of age, gender and type of residence of students in both groups. When comparing the pre-test mean score and post-test mean score using paired sample t-test, there was a statistically significant difference in both video demonstration group (t = -4.533, p < 0.001) and lecture-demonstration group (t = -4.208, p < 0.001). Almost all the students obtained good knowledge scores disregard of the method used in teaching oral medication administration. However, when comparing post-test scores of both groups using an independent sample t-test, it was identified that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, it was difficult to identify which method is effective than the other. According to the student feedback obtained at the end of the study, 67% of them preferred to have more video demonstrations in their skills classes.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that oral medication administration can be effectively taught using both lecture demonstration and video-assisted teaching methods.
Molecular Basis for Treating COVID-19 with Official Chinese Herbal Formula LCTE
Authors: Zhang Deng-hai , Zhang Xue , Peng Bin , Deng Sheng-qiong , Wang Yu-fang , Yang Lin , Zhang Kai-zheng , Lin Chang-quan , Wu Kun-lun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chinese herbal formulas, notably the lung-cleaning and toxicity-excluding (LCTE) soup has played an important role in treating an ongoing and life-threating worldwide pandemic, COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2). Applying LCTE outside of China may be difficult for medical society to approach due to the unfamiliar rationale behind its application in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine. To overcome this barrier, we illuminate the chemical and biological mechanisms behind LCTE’s effects, by exploring the chemical compounds contained in LCTE ingredients, the proteins targeted by these compounds as well as undertaking the network pharmacology analysis. The results disclosed that LCTE contains compounds with the potential to directly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and inflammation, and that the compounds targeted proteins significantly related to the main symptoms seen in COVID-19. The general effect of LCTE was to affect the pathways involved in viral and other microbe infection, inflammation/cytokine response, and lung diseases. Our work provided chemical biological explanations for using LCTE to treat COVID-19.
Meta-analysis of Bailing Capsule After Renal Transplantation
Authors: Chen Keliang , Yu Zuohua , Huang Guangyi , Liu Dongye , Zhang Zhongpan , Qi Kai , Zhou Hao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To objectively evaluate the effectivity and safety of Bailing Capsule After Renal Transplantation. Search Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Full-text Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, PubMed, SCI, EMBase, The Cochrane Library database. Chinese uses "Bai Ling Capsule" "Kidney Transplant" as the search term, and English uses "Bailing Capsule","Bailing Jiaonang", "Corbrin Capsule", "CS-C-Q80", "Kidney transplant", "Renal transplant", etc. as search terms. Two people screened, extracted data, quality assessment and data analysis of the retrieved articles according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.A total of 10 studies were included, including 1580 patients. Meta analysis results:the experimental group was more effective than the control group in SCr level（ WMD = -28.40，95% CI： -45.87 ~ -10.94， Z = 3.19， P =0.001）、BUN levels（ WMD = -0.72，95% CI： -1.18 ~ -0.25， Z = 3.02， P =0.003）、 ALT levels( WMD = -6.05，95% CI：- 9.26 ~ -2.85， Z = 3.70， P = 0.0002）、AST levels（ WMD = -11.96，95% CI： -19.2 5~ -4.68， Z = 3.22， P = 0.001）.But the experimental group did not show significant effects in reducing the incidence of acute rejection.（ OR = 0.45，95% CI： 0.19 ~ 1.11， Z = 1.74， P =0.08）Compared with the control group, Bailing Capsule treatment group has obvious advantages in Improvement of liver and kidney function after renal transplantation1,but did not show good clinical results in reducing the incidence of acute rejection.