bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural course of smoking cessation and predictors of quitting in young adulthood
Authors: Kalubi J , Dugas E N , Wellman R J , Sylvestre M P , O'Loughlin J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Young adulthood is characterized by major life changes that can promote or inhibit cigarette smoking. Gaps in knowledge on the natural course of, and factors associated with quitting impede progress in designing effective cessation interventions targeting this age group. We describe the natural course of cessation among students who smoked cigarettes in their last year of high school and we identify predictors of quit status at age 30.

Methods
Data were drawn from an ongoing investigation of 1294 grade 7 students age 12-13 recruited in 1999-2000 in 10 high schools in Montreal, Canada. Using data collected at ages 17, 20, 24 and 30, grade 11 cigarette smokers were categorized as quitters or current smokers at age 30.

Results
Among 245 grade 11 smokers, 48% (55% of females; 33% of males) had quit by age 30. Among 106 quitters with complete data, 27% were consistently abstinent during young adulthood, 33% were intermittently abstinent and 40% were abstinent at age 30 only. Smokers at age 30 had higher impulsivity scores in grade 11 than quitters and were more likely to report nicotine dependence symptoms and have family members who smoked. Quitters rated self-control and social influences as more important reasons to quit than smokers. Although 85% of smokers wanted to quit, only 45% had used a cessation strategy in the past year.

Conclusions
Adolescents likely to be smokers at age 30 are identifiable in high school. Cessation assistance must be offered early in high school to provide adolescents with opportunities to quit before smoking becomes intractable.

Key messages
Among grade 11 smokers, 27% were consistently abstinent in young adulthood, 33% were intermittently abstinent, and 40% were abstinent at age 30 only. Cessation programs are needed early in high school to prevent intractable smoking.
IQOS point-of-sale marketing strategies at a time of legislation transition in Israel
Authors: Bar Zeev Y , Berg C , Abroms L C , Levine H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Heated tobacco products (HTP), such as Philip Morris IQOS, have penetrated the global tobacco market. Currently the only HTP on the market in Israel, IQOS was introduced in 2016. The device is sold in specialty stores and online; while the heat sticks (HEETS) are sold at traditional retailers. In 01/2019 a ban on advertisements in all media (excluding print media) and at the point-of-sale (POS) went into effect. In 01/2020, a POS display ban and plain packaging went into effect. Understanding the POS marketing strategies at a time of regulatory transition could aid regulatory efforts in other countries.

Methods
Observations were conducted in 80 retailers carrying HEETS in 4 large Israeli cities in 12/2019, before the POS display ban and plain packaging went into effect. Data were collected using an adapted version of the Standardized Tobacco Assessment for Retail Settings, which assessed store characteristics, product offerings, pricing, promotional strategies, and placement.

Results
All retailers sold cigarettes; 51% carried also electronic cigarettes. Only one retailer carried the IQOS device. HEETS packages were visible to customers in 47% of retailers. Over 60% carried at least 3 HEETS different flavours (out of 5 available). In all but one retailer, HEETS were sold at higher prices than cigarettes, on average 21% more expensive. Posted ads were uncommon. In 14.5% of retailers, a special IQOS product display cast was prominent. Additionally, 25% of retailers placed cigarettes and 14% placed HEETS near youth-oriented merchandise.

Conclusions
This study provides insights into IQOS marketing strategies during a period of regulatory transition. Findings suggest that IQOS-specific promotions were not common, but a proportion of retailers highlighted IQOS via displays and/or proximity to youth-oriented merchandise. Moreover, IQOS may be promoted to higher socio-economic status populations, as indicated by pricing and possibly by availability of products.

Key messages
Understanding IQOS marketing strategies at point-of-sale is critical to inform regulatory measures globally. IQOS marketing strategies in Israel at the point-of-sale suggest that IQOS is promoted to higher socio-economic status populations.
Exploring depressive symptoms among LGBT+ medical students: an Italian multicentre survey
Authors: Lo Moro G , Bert F , Gualano M R , Leombruni P , Siliquini R ,   PRIMES Collaborating Group
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Sexual minorities are high-risk populations for mental issues. Recently, attention on medical students (MS) is growing as they might be at higher risk of depression, but few studies focused on mental health of LGBT+ minorities among MS. Our main aims were to investigate depressive symptoms (DS) among LGBT+ MS, compared with non-LGBT+ MS and explore DS predictors.

Methods
A multicentre cross-sectional survey was performed in 12 Medical Schools (Italy, 2018). The questionnaire included sociodemographic items and psychometric tests. The Beck Depression Inventory II was completed by 325 LGBT+ MS and by 2048 non-LGBT+. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regressions were run (significance level: p &lt; 0.05).

Results
Females consisted of 61.5% of the sample, with no differences between the two groups (p = 0.075). DS were reported by 42.5% of LGBT+ MS and 27.4% of non-LGBT+ MS (p &lt; 0.001). Overall, LGBT+ MS took more stimulants (p = 0.001), psychiatric drugs (p &lt; 0.001) and were more frequently seen by psychologists/psychiatrists (p &lt; 0.001). Also, they reported worse family cohesion (p &lt; 0.001) and relationships with classmates (p = 0.018). Considering only non-depressed MS, it was confirmed that LGBT+ MS had higher frequencies of psychiatric drugs consumption (p = 0.036), psychologists/psychiatrists follow up (p = 0.003), poor family cohesion (p = 0.003), poor classmate relationships (p = 0.003). DS predictors were comparable between the two groups, except for age and female gender that were risk factors only in non-LGBT+ MS.

Conclusions
Depression is a great public health issue; it is essential to dedicate efforts targeted to youths at high concern. LGBT+ people confirmed to have an increased DS risk compared to their peers also in a high-risk population like the MS one. Results of non-depressed LGBT+ MS showed a higher necessity of care and a bad living environment, highlighting the need of specific preventive and supportive interventions to bolster sexual minorities.
Strengthening health promotion practice
Authors: Van Den Broucke S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Health services in most developed countries were developed to meet the needs of a demand-led health care, and focus mostly on treatment, cure and care. This system is challenged by the growing burden of non-communicable diseases, increased multi-morbidity, newly emerging communicable diseases, and increasing anti-microbial resistance. At the same time, widening health inequalities pose an additional threat to health systems that do not give enough attention to the factors that produce health. To address these challenges, it is necessary to reorient health services towards more preventive, people-centred and community-based approaches, with a more prominent role for health promotion, integrated within the wider health system. This shift of focus requires the strengthening of health workforce capacities to effectively implement health promotion. Whereas a competent health workforce has always been considered a key condition for the delivery of effective health services, the nature of the necessary 'competencies' is being redefined in the light of the current changes of the health system. Within the diversifying primary care and public health workforce, new skills and tasks must be added to existing professional roles, new professional profiles emerge, and collaborations between professions become more important.
This presentation will consider the place of health promotion workforce development within the broader context of public health and health promotion capacity building systems targeting a diversifying primary care and public health workforce. Drawing on recent reviews it will provide an overview of existing capacity development systems in primary and secondary prevention and health promotion, and consider possibilities for integration and implementation of capacity systems within and across disciplinary boundaries.
Healthcare employee's personality traits and service quality: Do team relationships matter?
Authors: Gur A , Weimann Saks D , Stavi L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Employee personality is an important factor that affects healthcare service delivery. It appears from the literature that customers perceive employees with personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness as more reliable and empathetic and therefore will rank higher service quality. Relationships between team members also affect the perception of service quality. The research examined whether healthcare employees' personality traits (conscientiousness and agreeableness) are related to their perception of service quality, mediated by the quality of team relationships (trust among team members, peer support, and participation in decision-making).

Methods
First, 35 nurses (Israeli college students completing their BA) were asked to rate 22 items based on the Big Five Personality Traits, that most influence employee relationships. The two prominent personality traits were conscientiousness and agreeableness. Next, 174 self-administered questionnaires were completed by nurses who are college students completing their BA (72% return rate). The questionnaire examined personality traits (conscientiousness and agreeableness), service quality, and employee relationships (trust among team members, peer support, and participation in decision-making).

Results
The mediation model was significant [F(4, 169)=35.03, p &lt; 0.001, R Square=0.45]. However, only trust among team members was found as a mediator between employee personality and perceptions of service quality.

Conclusions
Employee personality characterized by conscientiousness and agreeableness encourages trust-based employee relationship, which in turn positively affect the quality of service provided. Healthcare organizations should consider this in their human resources policies and procedures, in order to improve healthcare services.

Key messages
Employee's personality traits are relevant to healthcare service quality. Nurturing trust among healthcare employees may result in improved healthcare services.
Health surveillance indicators: what is available in European data sets for policy evaluation?
Authors: Stanley I , Hebstreit A , Murrin C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Policy actions targeting diets and physical activity have been proposed as mechanisms for the prevention and control NCDs in Europe. While these actions have the potential to improve health at a population level, the impact of these policies in Europe is currently unknown. The aim of this study, as part of the wider Policy Evaluation Network, is to catalogue the data available for policy evaluation in Europe to inform the development of surveillance instruments. The catalogues will also provide an opportunity for key stakeholders to view the available EU indicators that can be employed to evaluate policies which influence diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Methods
A suite of key indicators was agreed by over 30 EU experts and PEN members in a workshop in September 2019. Variables in existing EU monitoring systems were suggested by workshop participants as measures for each key indicator. The mapping process involved an evaluation of how suitable the suggested variables were as measures for the indicators. This was done using a Likert scale (matched, somewhat matched, less matched, not matched).

Results
Diet (n = 72) and physical activity and sedentary behaviour (n = 65) related indicators, across all levels of the socio-ecological model were selected for the mapping process. 72% of diet indicators and 86% of physical activity and sedentary behaviour indicators were matched to at least one variable in an existing EU monitoring system. The majority of indicator-measure pairs were categorised as 'matched' on the Likert scale.

Conclusions
While there are gaps in the measurement of policy level indicators in domains such as inequality, funding and resources and governance, the majority of key policy indicators were mapped to measures in existing systems.Therefore, much of the evidence for evaluation of policies is readily available in Europe.

Key messages
By mapping the key indicators to variables in existing pan-European monitoring and surveillance systems we aim to document the data currently available for policy evaluation. The catalogue of mapped indicators will provide a tool for key stakeholders to aid in the evaluation and development of policies influencing diets, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Europe.
The challenges of the outbreak: the Italian COVID-19 integrated surveillance system
Authors: Pezzotti P , Punzo O , Bella A , Del Manso M , Urdiales A M , Fabiani M , Ciervo A , Andrianou X , Riccardo F , Stefanelli P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Italy, the National surveillance of all SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-confirmed cases was established on 27 February 2020, building on a previously existing laboratory network focused on suspected and confirmed COVID-19 severe respiratory infections.

Methods
The integrated epidemiological and microbiological surveillance systematically collects and analyzes information on all SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases. Regional reference laboratories analyze samples, inform Local Health Authorities of the results and coordinate data flow between cases, hospitals and GPs. Regions provide data through a web interface connected to a dedicated IT platform or by sending a dataset. The Infectious Diseases Department at Istituto Superiore di Sanità processes and analyzes data, producing reports on a daily and weekly basis, as well as indicator analyses based on the monitoring of “phase 2” (post-lockdown). Moreover, mathematical models are constructed daily on these data.

Results
Since the beginning of the epidemic, the surveillance system recorded 238.901 COVID-19 cases and 33.369 deaths on 19-6. Main challenges were the coordination of different actors, hampered by the decentralization of health to the Regions, and data interpretation due to the delay in the detection of cases and deaths. Besides the COVID-19 surveillance, we planned ad hoc studies and periodic surveys: health care workers, long term care facilities, clusters and red zones, health system resilience monitoring.

Conclusions
COVID-19 surveillance is an essential tool to inform the public about the epidemic trend and provide support to public health response. We urge upon all relevant stakeholders a reflection on important issues such as defining ethical boundaries for data scavenging during emergencies, how existing laws on data protection could affect record linkage among different existing datasets to assess diseases and other variables for correlation, or which ethical approaches on open data would apply to our setting.

Key messages
A strong and adequately funded public health system in place allows an efficient response in times of epidemics both in terms of data collection and public health response, policy and decisions. COVID-19 epidemic showed us all the limits of a regionalized health system which was not entirely coordinated between periphery and central institutions.
Describing Intimate partner violence against ever-partnered women in Europe and perpetrator’s characteristics. Results from the Violence against women EU-wide survey
Authors: Barbier A , Chariot P , Lefèvre T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Available data on intimate partner violence (IPV) are derived from asynchronous and heterogeneous studies. Definition of IPV varies, is often partial, and only a limited number of potential determinants are considered. The Violence against women survey collected data consistently and simultaneously on all dimensions of IPV. Women were also asked about the perpetrator's characteristics. The present study aims to describe prevalence of physical, sexual and psychological IPV against European women, and reported perpetrator's characteristics. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with randomly selected women aged between 18 and 74, by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights.
IPV was defined by a positive answer to at least one question about violence perpetrated by current or ex-partner. Among the 40357 ever-partnered women, lifetime prevalence of overall IPV was 51.7% (95%CI 51.2-52.2). Prevalence of physical, sexual and psychological IPV were respectively 20.0% (19.6-20.4), 8.4% (8.2-8.7) and 48.5% (48.1-49.0). Partners' or ex-partners characteristics associated with IPV perpetration included: lower education level, unemployment or staying at home, earning less than the woman, a relationship lasting between 1 to 10 years, high frequency of drunkenness, and perpetration of other type of violence.
Lifetime prevalence of IPV in EU is high and likely to be underestimated. Specific trajectories and profiles of perpetrators should be characterized to ground the interventions. The risk of underreporting violence should be addressed as it jeopardizes the efficacy of interventions for prevention. They may be undifferentiated and differentiated, targeted and time-sensitive, respectively dedicated to general audience and high-risk populations.
The effect of Sexual violence on women’s suicide risk. A mediation analysis based on the nationally-representative 2017 French Health Barometer survey
Authors: El-Khoury F ,   - Equipe baromètre Santé
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The experience of sexual violence has been associated with a host of mental health problems, especially among women. However, data on this association from a large sample of general population is surprisingly limited. Also, no study quantifies sex-differences in the effect of sexual victimization on suicide risk.

Methods
The French “Health Barometer” (Baromètre Santé) is a cross-sectional phone survey, which recruited a nationally representative sample of French adults aged 18 to 75 years in 2017 (n = 25319). Data were weighted to be representative of the French adult population. The Experience and timing of lifetime physical sexual violence, as well as suicide risk were measured for all participants. We conducted adjusted mediation analyses, using the counterfactual approach, to evaluate the contribution that lifetime sexual victimisation has in the association between sex and suicide risk.

Results
The median age for the first experience of sexual violence was 12. Women were around five times more likely to report lifetime sexual violence compared to men (9.1% vs 1.9%), and were more at risk of any suicidal ideation (Ora =1.20 (95%CI: 1.07-1.36)) and suicidal imagery (Ora=1.39 (95%CI: 1.20 -1.61)). We estimated that 47% of the increased risk of suicidal ideation in the preceding year women have compared to men is mediated by lifetime sexual assault. Lifetime sexual assault also explained 39% of the association between sex and having imagery of suicide.

Discussion
Our findings reiterate the importance of the prevention of sexual violence and an adequate care for sexual assault victims, especially women, in public health and mental health policies and initiatives.
Reshuffling community prevention and care: a new model for healthy ageing
Authors: Liotta G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Europe is facing a unprecedented change of the population structure due to demographic transition, that makes the European countries a laboratory for implementing policies aimed at healthy ageing. However, there is a paucity of evidence-based interventions, except for the ones focussed on changing individuals' life style, the main ones being nutrition, physical activities, smoking and drinking. Even in the case of life habits, there are no structured interventions, while health promotion activities are mainly entrusted to the GPs, who are responsible for communicating the needed changes of behaviours to the patients they meet. The increase of chronic diseases prevalence claims for rethinking this approach in order to set up structured prevention activities to mitigate the impact of diseases on functional decline.
Based on the available data some elements to rethink community care and prevention can be identified. Bio-psycho-social frailty represents a synthetic indicator of the risk of negative events like the worsening of functional status, hospitalization, institutionalization and death, far more effective than single diseases or comorbidities or even than disabilities. The assessment of frailty should be pursued through a pro-active approach in order to fill the gap of the lack of awareness about frailty which is common. This approach should be reserved to the population with the highest risk of negative events, namely the over-75 one. At side of already well-known interventions on physical activities and malnutrition other risk factors for negative events such as social isolation or polypharmacotherapy should be considered. The increased frequency of heat waves should also be at the basis of yearly intervention able to reduce the risk of death and hospitalization, always associated to climate stressors. A schedule of prevention intervention should be formally structured in order to put the basis for a better aging in Europe as a model for other continents.
Monitoring changes in the organization of Dutch long-term care and their effects on the mental health and wellbeing of people with dementia
Authors: van der Roest H , Prins M , van Erp J , Hartstra E , van der Schot A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The 'Living Arrangements for People with Dementia (LAFD)' monitor-study aims to provide insight into effects of changes in the organization of Dutch long-term care for people with dementia. The objective of this study is to evaluate changes over time in the level of cognitive impairment, the frequency and severity of behavioral symptoms, and quality of life of residents with dementia, and changes in staffing levels. The study allows for detection of trends and developments that are relevant for the quality of nursing home care.

Methods
The LAFD-study is a repeated cross-sectional study. Since 2008, assessments have been conducted in participating nursing homes every two year. Up to 2020, five assessments have been completed. The number of participating nursing homes over time ranged from 47 to 144 and a sample of one third of residents was included in the study. Data collection was performed by care professionals. Cognitive impairment was assessed with the Cognitive Performance Scale, frequency and severity of behavioral symptoms were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory; quality of life was assessed with de Qualidem. Per nursing home, the amount of direct provided care was inventoried.

Results
Assessments up to 2017/2018 showed an improvement in cognitive functioning and quality of life in Dutch nursing homes. The amount of behavioral problems did not change, as did the amount of direct care. However, the level of professional caregivers increased slightly. In the last assessment, 53 nursing homes participated, and 668 residents were included. The fast majority of participants was over 80 years of age (67.1%) and 68.5% were female. The data are currently being further analyzed and presented at the conference.

Conclusions
There is a trend of improvement in cognitive functioning and quality of life up to 2018. The most recent assessment will indicate whether these positive trends continue.