bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy logic algorithms for classification and parameterization of eddy-current signals
Authors: Shchukis E , Lunin V , Stolyarov A , Kulikova E , Kryukov A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Safety of nuclear power plants operation depends on steam generator safe operation. Russian nuclear power plants with water-water energetic reactors WWER-440 and WWER-1000 use horizontal type steam generators which are cylindrical objects of 3 m diameter and 12 - 15 m length. Steam goes through steam generator tube sheets in the bottom from hot end and passes its energy through heat-exchanger tube system and become colder on the other tube sheet. Reactors WWER-440 have more than 5,000 tubes in one steam generator and reactors WWER-1000 have already 11,000 tubes in one steam generator. Each block of WWER-440 reactor has 6 steam generators, and each block of WWER-1000 reactor has 4 steam generators. A thin-walled steam generator tube can be a threat of nuclear fallout in case of high pressure in primary coolant loop. To be an effective barrier these tubes should be free from corrosion, thinning and cracks.
Electromagnetic acoustic transducers for non-destructive testing of main pipelines
Authors: Mikhaylov A V , Gobov Yu L , Smorodinskii Ya G , Korzunin G S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article presents the design options for high-performance electromagnetic-acoustic transducers for monitoring pipelines by the waveguide ultrasonic method. Methods for creating large polarizing fields, which make it possible to increase the efficiency of excitation and reception of Lamb and Rayleigh waves in ferromagnets are proposed. The results obtained in this paper can be used in the development of devices for non-destructive testing of trunk pipelines.
Flaw detector magnetizer with wheels as magnetic poles
Authors: Antipov A G , Markov A A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The efficiency of a flaw detector magnetizing system using wheels as magnetic poles was studied. To obtain information on the emerging magnetic field distributions, three-dimensional computer simulation and research on an experimental model were carried out. The rail was used as a test object. It is shown that with the same magnetomotive force of the electromagnet, the wheel magnetizing system provides a higher magnetization of the test object compared to the traditionally used U-shaped magnetizing system.
Analysis of the influence of controlled and interfering parameters during magnetic testing of coating thickness
Authors: Syasko V A , Vasilev A Y , Ivkin A E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The magnetic method for measuring the thickness of non-ferromagnetic and, in the general case, electrically conductive coatings on magnetic bases is characterized by a large number of interfering parameters, while the traditionally used principles of magnetic field formation, informative parameters and methods of obtaining measurement information have not undergone significant changes in recent years. However, new software products for modeling primary measuring transducers and modern electronic components allow a new look at the traditional principles of constructing thickness gages and algorithms for their operation when choosing the appropriate optimization criteria, which is the subject of this work.
Technical condition examination of heat exchanger tubes with an acoustic pulse reflectometry method
Authors: Inshakov D V , Kuznetsov K A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Diagnostics of the technical condition of heat exchanger tube bundles is considered in the paper. The main problem is associated with the large total length of tubes in bundles and a limited time for examination. For examination of the internal clearance of pipes the method of acoustic pulse reflectometry, known in a science and technology, was used. This method was implemented in PAKT-04 device for express-inspection of heat exchangers. It is proposed for characterizing the wear of the tubes to introduce a generalized quantitative parameter called “defectiveness degree”. The parameter is determined by change of acoustic signal propagating in the tube. The value of defectiveness degree indicates the applicability the tube for operation in the heat exchanger. The results of measuring the parameter on different heat exchangers are discussed.
Measuring error of geometric parameters of welded joint using gauges
Authors: Kanter B M , Shubochkin A E , Zusman G V , Vopilkin A Kh , Badalyan V G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article gives a detailed description of technical capabilities of the well-known universal gauges of foreign design, such as WG-1 and BRIDGE CAM, used in visual and measuring testing to determine geometric parameters of the welded joint and the detected surface discontinuities.
It is shown that the mentioned gauges so do not meet the requirements of the Russian normative documents to the permissible measurement error. The term “measurement error” used by the sellers of these universal gauges is in fact only the part of instrumental error of these testing instruments.
The article gives an example of the required calculation to determine the expanded uncertainty for universal gauges calibration.
Theoretical and practical justification of high-precision of defects in multilayer polymer honeycomb structures by the honeycomb filler height reduction method
Authors: Rusakov D , Chernushin V , Shelkovoy A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A method of non-adhesion defect simulation in multilayer honeycomb structures from polymer composite materials is discussed. This simulation method is particularly relevant for honeycomb structures with large cells. An experimental model for the comparison of two simulation methods, a new one and a flat-bottom hole simulation method, was fabricated.
Development of technology and methods for detecting metal inclusions in composite materials
Authors: Kuznetsov A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In complex multilayer structures made from PCM, metal inclusions of small sizes (from 0.1 ÷ 0.2 to 15 mm) randomly distributed throughout the material (at depths up to 100 mm), are unacceptable for normal operation, as they can penetrate into the material structure of a finished product. This paper is aimed at developing a device that provides a small error in determining the coordinates of small-sized metal inclusions in PCM when they are detected in real conditions of production and operation. Some devices capable of detecting the content of small particles in fluids or capable of detecting metal objects in various environments are known. The disadvantages of these devices are that they can only detect magnetically active particles, or large objects–more than 3–6 mm, while the location accuracy is recorded with a big error, insufficient for the detection process of small metal inclusions in PCM–from 30 mm and higher. This determines the urgency of developing a device for detecting small metal inclusions in finished products from PCM and in the technological cycle of their production. In this paper, the basic principles of the developed device are described, a block diagram of the device is presented, including the configuration of the eddy current transducer and the main processing units of the signals coming from the transducer. As confirmation of the operation of the developed device, photos of experimental studies and their results are presented in the form of the obtained dependences of the value of metal inclusions on the depth of their occurrence, from which it can be seen that the error in determining the depth of small-sized metal inclusions by the developed device did not exceed 10% and unchanged for all small-sized metal inclusions.
New approaches to diagnostics of quality of structures from polymeric composite materials under force and shock impact using the analysis of temperature fields
Authors: Budadin O , Razin A , Aniskovich V , Kozelskaya S , Abramova E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A rheological mathematical model that describes the process of formation of internal heat sources in a polymer composite material during its force loading, based on the process of microdestruction formation and the formation of dynamic temperature fields on the surface of the structure during thermal control, has been developed. The methodology as well as software and hardware for computer thermal control and diagnostics of the technical condition of complex spatial structures from PCM based on recording information about dynamic temperature fields have been developed and implemented. A thermal method has been developed for the quality control of composite armored barriers made of aramid materials through the study of the processes of its interaction in real time with a damaging element (kinematic, deformation, wave, thermal processes), which allows to increase the reliability of the quality of diagnostics, increase testing efficiency, visibility and objectivity of the results.
Selecting main technical specifications of the data aquisition system to improve the accuracy of using the electric response parameters
Authors: Dann D D , Petrov M V , Fedotov P I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Based on the conducted experimental studies, the necessary parameters were selected to provide reliable testing of concrete defects. The measuring system must have: input sensitivity of the receiving electromagnetic channel of at least100 μV, the working frequency range of 1–120 kHz; the sampling frequency of 500 kHz, as well as a device that allows fast Fourier transform. The registration of the electrical response during an elastic impact should be made by a differential electric sensor, which allows measurements under conditions of external electromagnetic interference.
Measurement of composite material strain using correlation of ultrasonic images
Authors: Titov S A , Levin V M , Petronuk Y S , Morokov E S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the evaluation of composite materials and components using ultrasonic visualization of structural changes caused by the external force. It is proposed to measure the strain of a sample under load using digital correlation of images recorded by a scanning acoustic microscope. An algorithm for processing the spatio-temporal ultrasonic data is developed to measure the longitudinal and transverse strains versus the applied force. The four-layer carbon fiber-reinforced composites with alternating packing of fibers (90/45) are evaluated by the proposed method. The relationships between the strains and the applied force are obtained up to the destruction of the sample. It is shown that the maximal longitudinal and transverse strains achieved for the test sample are 1.2% and 0.3%, respectively.
Acoustic-electric non-destructive method to detect defects in dielectric materials
Authors: Bespal’ko A , Surzhikov A , Dann D , Pomishin E , Petrov M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper reveals the effect of imperfection of solid-state dielectric samples on the parameters of the electromagnetic response under exposure of the test object to deterministic acoustic impact. The patterns of changes in the parameters of electromagnetic signals with variations and an increased electric field vector with respect to the defect–sample contact are provided. It is shown that the amplitude-frequency parameters of the emitted electromagnetic signals are directly related to the acoustic impedance and conductivity of the contacting medium and defect. The amplitudes of the electromagnetic responses are found to correspond to the distribution of mechanical stresses arising in an imperfect system during acoustic pulse propagation in time and space determined through mathematical modeling. The paper presents data on changes in the electromagnetic signal parameters for model defects of an increased size in samples of similar type.
Fluid level sensors with metrological self-check function based on the concentration effect
Authors: Kalashnikov A A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of the experiments on studying the properties of concentration elements, which were carried out in order to develop a new principle for measuring the level of conductive and non-conductive polar liquids, as applied to the operating conditions of nuclear and thermal power facilities. The paper includes the methods for increasing the level and stability of the useful signal of concentration elements and design solutions for creating the fluid level multi-electrode sensor.
Considering the current trends towards an increase in the number of measuring channels at NPP and TPP power units and the need to optimize metrological service, it is noteworthy that the concentration effect is considered not only in terms of a new principle for measuring the liquid level, but also implementation of metrological self-check of conductometric and capacitive fluid level sensors.
Development of the flight laboratory for research of aerodynamic surfaces deformation
Authors: Poroykov A Yu , Surkov D A , Ilina N S , Lebedev S V , Ul’yanov D V , Lapitsky K M , Shmatko E V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In-flight measurements are developing directions of aircraft testing. The practical implementation of these tests allows accelerating the development of new types of aircraft, the in-flight tests of serial samples, and their commissioning. Carrying out such tests is associated with high cost. In this paper the creation of a flight laboratory based on an unmanned vehicle is proposed. This will significantly reduce the cost of testing but in-flight conditions will be close to real tests. A system for recording experimental images during in-flight test was developed for conducting studies of deformations of aerodynamic surfaces. In this paper, the system based on single board computer is described; its main functions and features are considered. The results of laboratory tests of the developed system on a model of a deformable wing are presented.
Object orientation measurement system without zero drift
Authors: Poroykov A Yu , Lebedev S V , Kontsov R V , Sinitsyn A A , Zharenov I S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The need for zero drift and accurate object pose estimation is very common in today’s industry. Implementing optical measurement system allows to overcome certain problems, that are inherent to inertial navigation systems (INS). These problems include size and weight of high accuracy systems of the type and zero drift, low dynamic range. Method, described in this article is based on the fiducial markers recognition. The markers were located on investigated object, their positions were estimated on four images, captured by four digital cameras, connected to the PC. The Results, obtained by four cameras, were processed by developed algorithm, allowing to conduct pose estimation with an accuracy of 0.2 degrees in 3 degrees of freedom.
The possibility of direct registration of the optical spectrum derivatives using the acousto-optic spectroscopy methods
Authors: Boritko S V , Karandin A V , Boritko Y S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Using the example of the spectrometer based on acousto-optical (AO) cell with jump phase manipulation developed at the Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the possibility of creating a new class of instruments, i.e. differential AO spectrometers with arbitrary addressing working in real time, is shown. In the paper it is calculated how the error value determining the maximum position changes when the position of the combined peaks changes, as well as the dependence of this error on the peak width and height.
A two-frequency mode to control acoustic field distribution inside cylindrical lens
Authors: Bykhanov A N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Acousto-optical (AO) interaction is one of the most effective principles for electronic control of the optical radiation characteristics. Further development of this approach may be related to the use of fluids as a working media. In this paper, it is proposed to optimize spatial distribution of the refractive index in acoustic lens by applying two frequencies simultaneously. The simulation results are given. The optimal frequency combinations in terms of the central lobe intenity are found.
Study on Strength Properties of Concrete using Pumice Powder Pozzolan and Polypropylene Fibers
Authors: Abraham Ansu Lalu , Mohan Regi P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The construction industry is flourishing day by day, as a result, cement consumption also increases. Since cement production causes carbon footprint, partial replacement using waste materials from various industries is one of the solutions. Pumice powder, generated by the stone processing industry, is an inert by-product possessing excellent cementitious characteristics. Utilisation of pumice powder in concrete can reduce the cost of construction and at the same time address the waste disposal problem. The fiber dispersion into concrete is one of the techniques to further improve the ductile properties of concrete. This study is focused on the strength properties of pumice powder pozzolan concrete reinforced with polypropylene fibers. Mechanical strength characteristics were evaluated for normal and varying contents of pumice powder and polypropylene fiber added mix after 7 and 28 days of curing. The results indicate that the strength properties of the modified mix has improved considerably. The significance of this study is to promote the usage of by-product waste as a replacement for cement thereby reducing CO2 emissions and thus resulting in the development of environmentally friendly concrete.
Design of Short Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars Subjected to Axial Loading
Authors: Niyazuddin  , Kinjawadekar Trupti A , Nagarajan Praveen , Shashikala A P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Due to the ongoing environmental changes, degradation of directly exposed material is seen very often. This results in issues related to aesthetics, function, and most importantly, the safety of the structures. Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) is the most commonly used material for construction where steel bars are used as reinforcement. Steel reinforcement in contact with the chemicals like chlorides and sulphates etc. which are very commonly present in urban and industrial areas and other aggressive environment, gets corroded, thus affecting the structural behaviour. Research studies propose replacing steel rebars with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars due to its non-corrosive properties. This paper presents the analysis and design of GFRP reinforced concrete columns. Present design methods mentioned in Indian Standard Code are not applicable to design GFRP reinforced RC columns directly. This study is an attempt to develop design provisions for GFRP reinforced concrete columns similar to those in practice for steel-reinforced columns. The spacing of ties influences the capacity of the column to carry load and failure type of compression member. So, this paper will also focus on the design of ties to provide proper confinement.
An Investigation on Pozzolanicity of Mechanically Activated Pond Ash
Authors: Vidyadhara V , Gowda T Shamanth , Ranganath R V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pond ash (PA) is one of the major industrial solid wastes from thermal power plants. In the present study, PA of different storage durations, i.e. freshly ponded, two year ponded and Six-year ponded ash were collected from Bellary Thermal Plant (BTP). All three kinds of PA were mechanically activated by grinding in Industrial Hammer Mill. Unprocessed Pond Ash (UPA) and Ground Pond Ash (GPA) were characterised for Particle Size Distribution (PSD) by Laser-diffraction analyser. Mineralogical and Morphological characteristics were analysed through X-ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopic studies. Chemical composition of PA was analysed. The pozzolanicity of PA and other Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) was determined and compared by conducting Lime reactivity test. XRD patterns and Chemical analysis clearly indicate the presence of relatively more amorphous phases in a fresh batch of PA compared to the one which is ponded for a longer duration. Lime reactivity strength (LRS) of UPA was far behind the LRS of commonly used SCM’s. Mechanical activation of PA improved the LRS from 0.57 MPa to 2.41 MPa. The results suggest the possibility of enhancing the reactivity of PA with early use and more efficient grinding process, thus add value to PA for its use in concrete.
Impact Resistance of GGBS-Dolomite Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Saranya P , Nagarajan Praveen , Shashikala A P 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGeopolymers are new alternative binders for cement in which polymerization gives strength to concrete. The present study highlights the development of geopolymer concrete from industrial by-products such as Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) and dolomite. They are obtained from steel industries and rock crushing plants respectively. Standard mix design guidelines are not available for geopolymer concrete. The trial and error method was chosen for attaining a target compressive strength of 60 MPa. Impact strength plays an important role in structures like bridges, harbours, and barriers. The present paper investigates the impact resistance of GGBS dolomite geopolymer concrete using drop weight method. Procedures of ACI Committee 544 were used, and results were compared with that of cement concrete. Cylindrical specimens having 150 mm diameter and 50mm thickness were used. Maximum impact resistance was observed when GGBS and dolomite become 80:20, which is 42% more than GGBS geopolymer concrete without dolomite.
Recycling of Domestic Plastic Waste Bags as Fine Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Bag Ramakrishna , Agarwal Aman , Praneeth Ranga 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Plastic has been used in many ways in modern life both in industry product as well as in domestic use. The waste generated by using plastic poses an enormous threat to the environment due to its non-degradable nature for a very long time. There has been a lot of effort to minimise plastic waste generation and reuse it. However, the plastic waste generation has been increased considerably in the past decade. This paper presents a potential use of plastic waste as fine aggregate in concrete. Experimental investigations were carried out to determine the strength characteristics of concrete by replacing fine aggregate with 10, 15, 20, and 25% of processed plastic waste. Tests were conducted on concrete specimens under tensile, compressive, and flexural loading conditions to understand its behaviour. Although there was a notable reduction in strength characteristics of the concrete specimens, the optimum strength was obtained at 15% sand replacement. The concrete mix prepared using plastic waste can be used for mass concreting and low load-bearing structures.
Precast Bamboo Reinforced Furniture Elements using Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Vengala Jagadish , Namratha K B , Anusha S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Public furniture in India are designed based on ergonomics standards derived from the international standards proving a significant hurdle in comfort for the users. We propose to tackle this by conducting ergonomic studies of true users. This study aims to check the viability of using an eco-friendly composite as street furniture, i.e., Park Bench. Additionally, owing to the increasing negative impact steel manufacturing has on the environment, the furniture is designed using a Bamboo-SCC composite. The objective of the study is to use bamboo as reinforcement in SCC to make furniture. The furniture is made using self-compacting concrete to ensure greater stability of the bamboo reinforcement and further to increase the durability of the benches. The final product is analysed based on deflection tests, cost-benefit analysis, and embodied energy savings. It was concluded that in areas where bamboo is readily available, this project can be implemented as a more energy-efficient and low-cost option.