bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiomes in Supragingival Biofilms and Saliva of Adolescent Patients with Induced and Naturally Occurring Gingivitis Relative to Gingival Health
Authors: Wirth Roland , Maróti Gergely , Lipták Lídia , Mester Mónika , Ayoubi Alaa Al , Pap Bernadett , Madléna Melinda , Minarovits Janos , Kovács Kornél L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Comparison of the microbiomes in supragingival biofilm and saliva samples collected from juvenile patients developing induced or spontaneous gingivitis with healthy controls.Results: 36 supragingival biofilm samples from 9 adolescent gingivitis patients wearing orthodontic appliances (induced gingivitis), 40 supragingival plaques from 10 patients having spontaneous gingivitis, and 36 control samples from 9 individuals without gingivitis in the same age group were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Salivary microbiomes of the same persons were characterized by shotgun metagenome sequencing to compare the sessile, i.e. biofilm immobilized communities with planktonic microbiota. The amplicon and whole genome data sets were scrutinized using bioinformatics workflows designed to minimize systemic biases. RDP and RefSeq reference databases were compared in the identification of microbiome members.The composition and diversity of bacterial communities did not differ extensively between the two groups of gingivitis patients and controls. In spite of the overall similarities, the relative abundance of the genera Fusobacterium, Accermansia, Treponema and Campylobacter was prominently higher in samples from gingivitis patients versus controls. In contrast, the genera Lautropia, Kingella, Neisseria, Actinomyces and Rothia were significantly more abundant in controls than in either of the two gingivitis groups. Conclusions: The higher relative abundance of certain gingivitis-associated taxa may either reflect their role in disease pathogenesis or may indicate that gingival inflammation favored the selective overgrowth of distinct bacterial clusters. At any rate, the abundance pattern of certain taxa rather than individual strains shows characteristic features of potential diagnostic value. Stringent bioinformatics treatment of the sequencing data is mandatory to avoid unintentional misinterpretations.
Harnessing Inter-disciplinary Collaboration to Improve Emergency Care in Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMICS): Results of Research Prioritisation Setting Exercise
Authors: Wallis Lee Alan , Lecky Fiona , Reynolds Teri , Otesile Olubukola , Hollis Sara , Turner Janette , Fuller Gordon , Sammy Ian , Williams-Johnson Jean , Geduld Heike , Tenner Andrea , French Simone , Govia Ishtar , Balen Julie , Goodacre Steve , Marahatta Sujan , DeVries Shaheem , Sawe Hendry , El-Shinawi Mohammed , Mfinanga Juma , Rubiano Andrés , Chebbi Henda , Shin Sang Do , Ferrer Jose Maria E , Haddadi Mashyaneh , Firew Tsion , Taubert Kathryn , Lee Andrew , Convocar Pauline , Jamaluddin Sabariah , Kotecha Shahzmah , Yaqeen Emad Abu , Wells Katie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMore than half of deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) result from conditions that could be treated with emergency care - an integral component of universal health coverage (UHC) - through timely access to lifesaving interventions.MethodsThe World Health Organization (WHO) aims to extend UHC to a further 1 billion people by 2023, yet evidence supporting improved emergency care coverage is lacking. In this article, we explore four phases of a research prioritisation setting (RPS) exercise conducted by researchers and stakeholders from South Africa, Egypt, Nepal, Jamaica, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Colombia, Ethiopia, Iran, Jordan, Malaysia, South Korea and Phillipines, USA and UK as a key step in gathering evidence required by policy makers and practitioners for the strengthening of emergency care systems in limited-resource settings.ResultsThe RPS proposed seven priority research questions addressing: identification of context-relevant emergency care indicators, barriers to effective emergency care ; accuracy and impact of triage tools; potential quality improvement via registries; characteristics of people seeking emergency care; best practices for staff training and retention; and cost effectiveness of critical care – all within LMICs.Conclusions Convened by WHO and facilitated by the University of Sheffield, the Global Emergency Care Research Network project (GEM-CARN) brought together a coalition of 16 countries to identify research priorities for strengthening emergency care in LMICs. Our article further assesses the quality of the RPS exercise and reviews the current evidence supporting the identified priorities.
The relationship between the level of state anxiety, trait anxiety, satisfaction with life and the selected biochemical parameters among oncological nurses
Authors: Domagala Przemyslaw Mateusz , Gaworska-Krzeminska Aleksandra Edyta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. The working environment of nurses is associated with the presence of many stressors, for instance working the night shift and sleep deprivation, which may impair the secretion of various substances, such as prolactin, cortisol or cytokines. One of the groups particularly exposed to stress due to the specificity of work is oncological nurses.Aim. The aim of this work is to undertake an attempt at assessing the impact of work environment on psychological and biochemical parameters of occupational exposure to stress among nurses and to examine mutual correlations between the studied variables.Design and participants. Cross-sectional research design with the study group consisting of 90 registered nurses including 60 nurses working in oncology units and 30 primary health care nurses,Method. A diagnostic survey was used to collect psychological and socio-demographic data. The following research tools were used: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and the authors' questionnaire. Also, serum levels of cortisol, prolactin, C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 and urine cortisol levels were assessed.Results. Psychological parameters significantly correlate with selected biochemical variables. A higher level of trait anxiety was associated with higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum and a higher level of cortisol in urine.Conclusions. This study provides evidence that work-related stress is associated with selected proinflammatory cytokines and hormones. There are psychological strategies and relaxation techniques which nurses should use as they significantly reduce the level of perceived stress and positively influence the values of the biochemical markers of stress.
Clinical characteristics of acute pancreatitis in children: a single-center experience in Western China
Authors: Zhong Rui , Tan Shali , Peng Yan , Xu Huan , Jiang Xin , Yan Yongfeng , Tang Xiaowei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of pediatric pancreatitis has been increasing over the last 20 years. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics for pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) with adult AP, and investigate the risk factor for acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) in children. Method: From June 2013 to June 2019, a total of 130 pediatric patients with AP at the inpatient database were enrolled. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for ARP in children. Result: Major etiologic factors in 130 patients were biliary (31.5%), idiopathic (28.5%), trauma (16.2%). There was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of etiology between pediatric patients and adult patients (p<0.001). Compared with the adult patients, the pediatric patients had significantly lower severity (p=0.012) and occurrence rate of pancreatic necrosis (p=0.02). During the follow-up time (34.2±20.8 months), 19 children (14.6%) developed into ARP. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that female (p=0.025; OR=3.632; 95%confidence interval(CI) 1.179-11.188), hyperlipidemia (p=0.022; OR=3.480; 95%CI 1.201-10.085), pancreatic necrosis (p=0.001; OR=8.815; 95%CI 2.446-31.774) were the independent risk factors of ARP. The risk of recurrence was significantly different in each etiology group. Hyperlipidemic AP had the highest risk of recurrence over time, while viral and drug-induced AP had the lowest risk of recurrence (p=0.035).Conclusion: Biliary and idiopathic disease were the major etiologies of AP in children. Compared to adults, children tend to have milder disease conditions and a better prognosis. Female, hyperlipidemia, and first AP attack with pancreatic necrosis were associated with the increased risk of ARP.
A Cross-sectional Survey of Prevalence and Related Factors for Frail Status Among Middle-aged and Elderly People in Chinese Communities
Authors: Sun Chao , Hu Yue , Yang Jie , Li Xing , Huo Cong , Jia Xin , Xu Rong , Hou Liming , Lei Yunzhen , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background With the aggravation of social competition and work burden pressure, the health condition of the middle-aged and above population in China has declined significantly. Frailty can be used as a criterion for evaluating a person's unhealthy state. However, there is limited data on the prevalence and related factors of frail status in Chinese middle-aged and older people.The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between frail status, chronic diseases, abnormal physical examination indicators among middle-aged and older populations. Methods Participants were 9,985 community-dwelling adults over the age of 40 years living in China. Data were from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey which was a nationally representative sample and frailty phenotype was based on Fried frailty criteria. We analyzed the demographics of participants and multivariate-adjusted related factors for frail and pre-frail population. Results The overall prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.8, 3.5) and 53.66% (95% CI: 52.7, 54.6) among the general Chinese population aged 40 years or older. Hypertension (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.593), pain (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.5), and hip fracture (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.4) were associated with prevalent frailty. Relative factors for frailty also included increased cystatin C (OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 3.0, 6.7) and glycated hemoglobin (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.4), as well as decreased peak expiratory flow (OR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.991, 0.994). Conclusions Fried-defined frailty and pre-frailty are highly prevalent in the Chinese population over 40 years older. Hypertension, pain, hip fracture, low education, and underweight are major related factors for frailty. The decrease in peak expiratory flow and the increase in cystatin C and glycated hemoglobin are good indicators for detecting frailty. Thus, frailty is an increasingly common condition and will become a major important health issue for people over middle age.
A generalized amino-modification strategy to boost CO2 electroreduction current density of single-atom catalysts to industrial application level
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Zhang Xinxin , Liu Wei , Jiao Mingyang , Mou Kaiwen , Wang Zhiheng , Ma Xin , Cheng Feng , Zhang Xiangping , Liu Licheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Although Faraday efficiency (FE) for CO production of single-atom catalysts immobilized on nitrogen-doped carbon supports (M-N/C) for CO2 electrocatalytic reduction reaction (CO2RR) is generally over 90%, M-N/C catalysts demonstrate a poor reaction current density, much worse than the current density of industrial level. Herein, we first report a generalized strategy of amino-functionalized carbon supports to regulate electronic structure of M-N/C catalysts (M=Ni, Fe, Zn) to significantly increase current density of CO production. The aminated Ni single-atom catalyst achieves a remarkable CO partial current density of 447.6 mA cm-2 (a total current density over 500 mA cm-2) with a nearly 90% CO FE at a moderate overpotential of 0.89 V, and especially CO FE can be maintained over 85% in a wide operating potential range from -0.5 V to -1.0 V. DFT calculations and experimental researches demonstrate that the superior activity is attributed to enhanced adsorption energies of CO2* and COOH* intermediates caused by the change of electronic structure of aminated catalysts. This work provides an ingenious method for significantly increasing current density at industrial-relevant level of single-atom catalysts for CO2RR.
Does Postgraduate Clinical Training Reduce Empathy Among Japanese Trainee Dentists? A Multi-perspective Assessment
Authors: Yoshida Toshiko , Watanabe Sho , Kono Takayuki , Taketa Hiroaki , Shiotsu Noriko , Shirai Hajime , Nakai Yukie , Torii Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Even though enhancing empathy in healthcare education is a critical component of delivering better care to patients, the erosion of empathy has been frequently reported, especially when the curriculum transitions to clinical training. However, some studies have questioned the significance and frequency of this decline in empathy. Thus, this study determined whether postgraduate clinical training reduced dental trainees’ empathy.Methods: This study included 64 trainee dentists at Okayama University Hospital and 13 simulated patients (SPs). The trainee dentists completed the Japanese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for health professionals immediately before conducting initial medical interviews with SPs twice, at the beginning and the end of their clinical training. The SPs evaluated the trainees’ communication using an assessment questionnaire immediately after the interviews. The videotaped dialogue in interview was analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System. Results: Sustained levels of trainees’ self-reported empathy, decreased communication behavior in emotional responsiveness for trainees, and unchanged SPs’ assessment of trainees’ communication were found when comparing results from the beginning and the end of the training.Conclusions: Overall, one-year postgraduate dental training neither reduced nor increased the empathy of the trainees. Providing regular educational support may help trainees to foster their empathy.
Serum anti-proteinase 3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in ulcerative colitis: a potential marker of disease activity that predicts steroid therapy failure
Authors: Aoyama Yuki , Inaba Tomoki , Takahashi Sakuma , Yasuhara Hisae , Hiraoka Sakiko , Izumikawa Koichi , Ishikawa Shigenao , Wato Masaki , Ando Midori , Nakamura Satoko , Mizobuchi Koichi , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Serum anti-proteinase 3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA) is a disease-specific antibody against granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Some patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have positive results for PR3-ANCA but the clinical significance of PR3-ANCA is not clear. Thus, we conducted a multicenter, retrospective, observational study to elucidate the clinical significance of PR3-ANCA in UC.Methods In total, 150 patients with UC underwent colonoscopy and serum PR3-ANCA measurements. Activity was evaluated using the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES), and the relationship between activity and PR3-ANCA was analyzed.Results Twenty-six of the 150 patients who met the exclusion criteria were eliminated; 124 patients were included. A positive correlation was observed between MES and PR3-ANCA (r = 0.42; p < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed that the cut-off value for calculations was 4.1 U/mL. Of 108 patients with active-phase UC, 58 (53.7%) were positive for PR3-ANCA. Furthermore, patients for whom steroid therapy was ineffective had a significantly higher rate of being PR3-ANCA positive (p = 0.045). Of 21 patients who reached clinical remission with PR3-ANCA-positive active-phase UC, 13 had an MES ≥ 1 and 8 patients had an MES 0. For MES 0 cases, the reduction of PR3-ANCA levels was significant (p = 0.012) when comparing the active-phase and clinical remission. All cases with MES 0 were negative for PR3-ANCA. Only 4 of 13 cases with MES ≥ 1 were negative for PR3-ANCA.Conclusions Approximately half of UC cases are PR3-ANCA-positive during the acute phase, indicating that PR3-ANCA is a potential marker of disease activity that predicts steroid therapy failure.Trial registration This study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry System (000039174). Retrospectively registered on 16th Jan. 2020.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Emergency Department Visits: A Retrospective Analysis in Shanghai, China
Authors: Long Wei , Hu Jiudong , Li Lijuan , Zuo Sheng , Yang Qian , Ren Zenghua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) has led to a pandemic and affected people's lives greatly, including their health seeking behavior. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on characteristics and trends of emergency department (ED) visits in Shanghai, China.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study using medical record databases from the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (East Campus) for years 2016 through 2020. All the patients referred to the ED between January 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. January 1, 2020, was chosen as the cutoff date for the statistical analysis and data of January and February in 2020 was compared with the same period of 2019.ResultsDuring the first two months of 2020, there was a 60.9% decline in ED visits when compared with the same period of 2019 (9,904 vs. 25,316, respectively), and the waiting time in ED has been greatly reduced correspondingly (12±4 vs. 66±19 min, p < 0.001); ED visits for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute coronary syndrome(ACS) decreased by 53.9% and 41.2% respectively; proportion of intravenous thrombolysis for AIS has dropped(42.1% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), and percutaneous coronary intervention for ACS was similar (70.6% vs. 63.3%, p = 0.668); and onset-to-door time (ODT) of these patients increased significantly (AIS: 217(136-374) vs. 378(260-510)min, ACS: 135(85-195) vs. 226(155-368)min, all p < 0.001).ConclusionThe outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic was correlated with a significant decline in the number of ED visits including AIS and ACS patients when compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. ODT of AIS and ACS patients increased significantly. Raising public awareness is necessary to avoid serious healthcare and economic consequences of undiagnosed and untreated stroke and myocardial infarction attack.
The Hemodynamic Characteristics of Right Ventricle After Gradient Pulmonary Artery Banding in Rats
Authors: Jiyang Song , Nan Wan , Shutong Shen , Ying Wei , Yunshan Cao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Right ventricular (RV) failure induced by sustained pressure overload is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in several cardiopulmonary disorders. Reliable and reproducible animal models of RV failure are important in order to investigate disease mechanisms and effects of potential therapeutic strategies. To establish a rat model of RV failure perfectly, we observed the right ventricle and carotid artery hemodynamics characteristics in different degrees of pulmonary artery banding of rats of different body weights. Methods: Rats were subjected to 6 groups：control(0%, n=5)(pulmonary arterial banding 0%), PAB(1-30%, n=4)(pulmonary arterial banding1-30%), PAB(31-60%, n=6)(pulmonary arterial banding31-60%),PAB(61-70%, n=5)(pulmonary arterial bandin61-70%), PAB(71-80%,n=4)(pulmonary arterial banding71-80%), PAB(100%, n=3)(pulmonary arterial banding 100%). We measured the right ventricular pressure(RVP) by right heart catheterization when the pulmonary arterial was ligated. Results: The RVP gradually increased with increasing degree of banding, but when occlusion level exceeding 70%, high pressure state can be only maintained for a few minutes or seconds, and then the RVP drops rapidly until it falls below the normal pressure, which in Group F particularly evident.Conclusions: RVP have different reactions when the occlusion level is not the same, and the extent of more than 70% ligation is a successful model of acute right heart failure. These results may have important consequences for therapeutic strategies to prevent acute right heart failure.
Effects of floor- and net-reared systems on the intestinal growth and microbial diversity in the cecum of ducks
Authors: Chen Xuefei , Huang Liansi , Cheng Lumin , Hu Bo , Liu Hehe , Hu Jiwei , Hu Shenqiang , Han Chunchun , He Hua , Kang Bo , Xu Hengyong , Wang Jiwen , Li Liang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Rearing systems can affect livestock production directly, but the effects of floor-reared systems (FRSs) and net-reared systems (NRSs) on the intestinal growth states and microbial diversity in the cecum of ducks are largely unclear.
Methods

The ducklings in this study were randomly divided into FRS and NRS groups, weighed at 4, 8 and 13 weeks, respectively, then the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were sampled and measured, and the content of cecum were analyzed by 16S RNA.
Results

The values of relative weight (RW), relative length (RL) and RW/ RL of four intestinal segments in FRS were significantly higher than that in the NRS during week 4, 8 and 13 (p < 0.05). A total of 157 genus were identified from ducks under the two systems,the dominant microorganisms in both groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria at phyla level. The distribution of microorganisms in cecum of two groups showed significant separation in three time periods, and the value of Simpson index in FRS was significantly higher than NRS at 13 weeks (p < 0.05).Five differential microorganisms and 25 differential metabolic pathways were found in the cecum at week 4, 7 differential microorganisms and 25 differential metabolic pathways were found in the cecum at week 8, and 4 differential microorganisms and 2 differential metabolic pathways were found in the cecum at week 13.
Conclusions

There were differences in intestinal growth and microorganism between FRS and NRS ducks.