bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximate Bayesian inference for multivariate point pattern analysis in disease mapping
Authors: Palmí‐Perales Francisco , Gómez‐Rubio Virgilio , López‐Abente Gonzalo , Ramis Rebeca , Sanz‐Anquela José Miguel , Fernández‐Navarro Pablo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a novel approach for analysing multivariate case‐control georeferenced data in a Bayesian disease mapping context using stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) and the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) for model fitting. In particular, we propose smooth terms based on SPDE models to estimate the underlying spatial variation as well as risk associated to pollution sources. Log‐Gaussian Cox processes are used to estimate the intensity of the cases and controls, to account for risk factors and include a term to measure spatial residual variation. Each intensity is modelled on a baseline spatial effect (estimated from both controls and cases), a disease‐specific spatial term and the effects of some covariates. By fitting these models, the residual spatial terms can be easily compared to detect high‐risk areas not explained by the covariates. Three different types of effects to model exposure to pollution sources are considered on the distance to the source: a fixed effect, a smooth term to model non‐linear effects by means of a discrete random walk of order one and a Gaussian process in one dimension with a Matérn covariance function. Spatial terms are modelled using a Gaussian process in two dimensions with a Matérn covariance function and are approximated using an approach based on solving an SPDE through INLA. Finally, this new framework is applied to a dataset of three different types of cancer and a set of controls from Alcalá de Henares (Madrid, Spain). Covariates available include the distance to several polluting industries and socioeconomic indicators. Our findings point to a possible risk increase due to the proximity to some of these industries.
Critical analysis of biophysicochemical parameters for qualitative improvement of phytogenic nanoparticles
Authors: Maity Sukhendu , Adhikari Madhuchhanda , Banerjee Sambuddha , Guchhait Rajkumar , Chatterjee Ankit , Pramanick Kousik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConventional chemical approaches for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) may restrict their applicability as they are not eco‐friendly, energetically efficient and often involve toxic reducing/capping agents; but phytonanotechnology enabled the synthesis of safe, inexpensive, highly biocompatible NPs. In this regard, thorough understanding of green components and the modulatory effects of different reaction conditions on the physicochemical parameters of green synthesized NPs would be a prerequisite, which is not depicted elsewhere. This review critically analyzes the relevant reaction conditions from their mechanistic viewpoints in plant‐based synthesis of NPs arising fundamental issues which need to be determined carefully. The size, stability and surface chemistry of phytogenic NPs may be fabricated as a function of multiple interconnected reaction parameters and the plant species used. The therapeutic potential of phytogenic NPs may depend on the plant species used; and so the meticulous understanding of physicochemical parameters and the family wise shorting of elite plant species may potentially benefit the theranostic future of plant‐based NPs.
Stain resistance and surface roughness of CAD/CAM processed hybrid ceramic
Authors: Silva Ana Leticia Franklin , Geng‐Vivanco Rocio , Tonani‐Torrieri Rafaella , Pires‐de‐Souza Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the stain resistance and surface roughness alteration of a CAD/CAM processed hybrid ceramic. Specimens were fabricated: 30 of resin‐based composite (RBC; Filtek Z350), 30 of ceramic (IPS emax Press) and 60 of hybrid ceramic (Lava Ultimate). Color, translucency (BYK Gardner), whiteness index for dentistry (WID) and surface roughness (Surftest SJ‐201P) measurements were made. Samples were randomly separated into three groups: Coffee staining (3 hours/day), coffee staining + mechanical toothbrushing (3 hours/day‐staining + 40 cycles‐toothbrushing) and storage in distilled water (control), all for 30 days Afterwards, all specimens were polished: RBC (n = 10) with a composite polishing kit (Enhance Dentsply), ceramic (n = 10) with a ceramic one (Eve Diapol), half of the hybrid ceramic (n = 10) with the composite polishing kit and the other half (n = 10) with the ceramic kit. Then, final readouts were obtained. Data was analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance. The hybrid ceramic exhibited intermediate color change after staining (P < .05). The hybrid ceramic presented WID chance similar to ceramic in control group (P > .05). After staining/brushing, the hybrid ceramic polishing with the ceramic kit revealed the greatest translucency change (P < .05). RBC and hybrid ceramic polishing with the resin kit presented similar surface roughness alteration (P > .05), except after staining/brushing (P < .05). Also, ceramic was different from the hybrid ceramic polishing with the ceramic kit (P < .05). The hybrid ceramic showed intermediate staining and roughness compared to the RBC and the ceramic. The ceramic polishing kit was more effective in removing stains from the hybrid ceramic.
Carrier aggregation‐enabled non‐orthogonal multiple access approach towards enhanced network performance in 5G Ultra‐Dense Networks
Authors: Afolalu Oladele , Ventura Neco 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe need for fifth generation (5G) wireless technology to meet stringent demands on high throughput, ultra low latency, high reliability, massive connectivity, and fairness among users has seriously constrained the limited radio spectrum. Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been identified as one of the promising enabling radio access techniques to solve this problem. The basic principle of NOMA is the ability to serve multiple users in the same time and frequency resources but differentiated by their power domains. However, the inherent power‐domain multiplexing requires channel gain disparity between the strong and weak users, thereby reducing the sum‐rate gain of the network. In this paper, we propose NOMA scheme, integrated with carrier aggregation (CA) to further increase the bandwidth and data rate of users. Simulation results show considerable improvement in terms of throughput, energy efficiency, and fairness among users.
How the unconscious mind controls body movements: Body schema distortion in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Beckmann Nina , Baumann Patricia , Herpertz Stephan , Trojan Jörg , Diers Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveBesides all visible somatic manifestations, distorted body representation is a key symptom for anorexia nervosa (AN). Body representation can be divided into a conscious component, body image, and an unconscious action‐related one, body schema. As behavioral studies already explored the impact of a distorted body image in AN, we aimed to explore whether distortion also extends into unconscious body schema. This study is the first with an unbiased measurement of the body schema in a homogeneous sample of AN patients.MethodTwenty‐three patients diagnosed with AN and 23 healthy controls (HC) walked through a door like aperture varying in width. Door width was based on participants shoulder width and ranged from an aperture‐to‐shoulder‐ratio of (A/S) 0.9 to 1.45. Shoulder rotation was measured as indication of perceived body width. To measure the unconscious body schema, we used a cover story pretending to investigate the influence of change of position on retention memory.ResultsWe found a significantly higher critical A/S for AN than HC, which indicates that AN patients rotate their shoulders for relatively larger door widths than HC, thus unconsciously estimating their body size to be larger than in reality. Additionally, we found a correlation between negative body attribution and overestimation of bodily dimensions.DiscussionAs stated by the “allocentric‐lock”‐hypothesis, AN patients might be locked to a stored representation of their body that cannot be updated and remains at pre‐AN conditions. We suggest future AN‐therapy to counter body schema alterations by combining cognitive behavioral therapy and virtual reality therapy.
Is the stepping‐down approach a better option than multiple daily injections in obese patients with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes on advanced insulin therapy?
Authors: Naing Soe , Ramesh Geeta , Garcha Jasmine , Poliyedath Anupama , Khandelwal Stutee , Mills Paul K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo determine whether de‐escalating from advanced insulin therapy (AIT) to the combined use of metformin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, a GLP1 receptor agonist and basal insulin is the better option than multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) in obese patients with poorly controlled T2DM.MethodsThis was a 16‐week, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Twenty‐two obese patients with T2DM on AIT were randomized to intervention (step‐down) or control (MDI) group. In the intervention group, all prandial insulin injections were discontinued, but the patient remained on basal insulin and metformin, to which an SGLT2i and a GLP1 RA were added. In the control group, the patient remained on MDI.ResultsCompared to control group (n = 8), A1c was significantly lower at week 4 (9.54% vs 8.25%; p = .0088) and week 16 (9.7% vs 7.31%; p < .001) in intervention group (n = 10). In intervention group, compared to baseline, there was a significant decrease in weight (−16.38 pounds; p = .003), BMI (−3.06; p < .001), LDL cholesterol (−15.7 mg/dl; p = .0378), total cholesterol (−18.5 mg/dl; p = .0386), total daily insulin dose (−57.3 units; p < .001) and a significant improvement in DM‐SAT patient satisfaction 0‐100 scores: total score (+45.3; p < .001) and subscale scores (Convenience + 35.28, p = .019; Lifestyle + 35.8, p = .0052; Medical control + 51.3, p < .001; Wellbeing + 47.2, p = .0091) at week 16.ConclusionDe‐escalating from AIT to the combined use of metformin, SGLT2i, GLP1 RA and basal insulin in obese patients with poorly controlled T2DM on MDI resulted in significant improvement in glycaemic control, weight loss and significantly higher patient satisfaction. This stepping‐down approach may be the better option than continuing MDI in these patients.
A T‐type three‐level converter for wide‐range voltage application
Authors: Yao Zhilei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFuel and solar cells are broadly used in Microgrids. However, their output varies widely when load and environment change extensively. Thus, DC‐DC converters are used for wide‐range voltage application. Nevertheless, output filter inductor is large and voltage stress of diodes is high in two‐level converters when input voltage varies widely. Therefore, a T‐type three‐level converter is proposed. A T‐type cell is added into the full‐bridge (FB) converter. The proposed converter can work in two‐ and three‐level modes, that is, 2L and 3L modes. It works in 2L mode in high input voltage. Thus, the output filter inductance and voltage stress of diodes in 2L mode decrease compared to the FB converter. Operating principle is illustrated. In addition, design guidelines and examples are shown. Finally, experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis.
A green, facile, and one‐pot synthesis of 2‐amino‐4H‐pyran derivatives using tungstate sulfuric acid as a solid acid catalyst
Authors: Rohani Lida , Karami Bahador , Farahi Mahnaz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract2‐Amino‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitriles and 2‐amino‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate derivatives were synthesized under mild conditions in the presence of tungstate sulfuric acid (TSA) as a recyclable solid acid catalyst. Catalytic condensation between 3‐acetylcoumarin, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate gave the 2‐amino‐4H‐pyran derivatives. Tungstate sulfuric acid is a low‐cost, nontoxic, and reusable catalyst, which does not require very high temperatures and good to excellent yields were obtained in all cases. The catalyst can be reused for many times without significant loss of its activity.
Luminescence properties and energy transfer of Eu3+/Tb3+ co‐doped glass ceramics containing Na3Gd(PO4)2
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Hongbo , Jia Wentao , Zou Xiangyu , Su Chunhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTb3+‐doped and Eu3+/Tb3+ co‐doped transparent glass ceramics containing Na3Gd(PO4)2 crystal phase were prepared by melt crystallization. The types of crystals, grain size, and optical transmittance of the samples were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV visible absorption spectrometer. The effect of different heat treatment time on grain size, crystal morphology, and light transmittance was also studied. The luminescence performance of transparent glass ceramics was systematically studied by the excitation spectrum, emission spectrum, and the fluorescence lifetime. The optimal doping concentration of Tb3+ doped and Eu3+/Tb3+ co‐doped were determined. When the mole percent concentration of Tb4O7 was 0.4%, the strongest green light was obtained at 546 nm (5D4 → 7F5). Meanwhile, the energy transfer process between Eu3+ and Tb3+ was discussed. Under the excitation of 374 nm, white light can be obtained by adjusting the concentration ratio of Eu3+ and Tb3+.
Dumbbell‐Shaped, Graft and Bottlebrush Polymers with All‐Siloxane Nature: Synthetic Methodology, Thermal, and Rheological Behavior
Authors: Goncharova Irina K. , Tukhvatshin Rinat S. , Kholodkov Dmitry N. , Novikov Roman A. , Solodilov Vitaliy I. , Arzumanyan Ashot V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA methodology for synthesizing a wide range of dumbbell‐shaped, graft and bottlebrush polymers with all‐siloxane nature (without carbosilane linkers) is suggested. These macroarchitectures are synthesized from SiOH‐containing compounds—silanol (Et3SiOH) and siloxanol dendrons of the first and second generations, with various peripheral substituents (Me or Et)—and from linear siloxanes comprising terminal and internal SiH groups by the Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction. Products and key building blocks are obtained in yields up to 95%. These polymers are heat and frost‐resistant siloxanes. As it turns out, the product physical properties are determined not only by the macromolecular structure, the linear chain length, the size and frequency of branched pendant, but also by the type of peripheral substituents—Me or Et—in the pendant. Thus, the viscosity of the graft polymers with branched pendant groups comprising peripheral Me‐groups is more than ≈3–5 fold lower than that of analogous polymers with peripheral Et‐groups.
Modelling the combined effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in Apolygus lucorum (Meyer‐Dür) across different latitudes
Authors: Feng Hongqiang , Jin Yinli , Zhang Yanfang , Huang Jianrong , Feng Hongyun , Hou Youming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe green mirid bug Apolygus lucorum is a dominant pest species on multiple crops over a wide area in northern China. However, the combined effect of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in this species across different latitudes is not clear. Thus, the combined effects of temperature (17–29 °C) and photoperiod (11:13 h to 15:9 h light/dark) on diapause induction for seven geographic populations, collected at latitudes between 30.47°N and 38.30°N, were investigated.RESULTSA model, I = (15 – p)/(30 – p – 1.923(t – 16)1/2 + 0.4499 t – 0.015 L – 19.5389) was established to predict diapause incidence (I) using photophase (p), temperature (t) and latitude (L). In most cases, the diapause incidence predicted by the model was within or close to the 95% confidence interval estimated from independently observed field data.CONCLUSIONDiapause incidence in A. lucorum was influenced nonlinearly by temperature and photoperiod across different latitudes. The model established in this study is valid for predicting diapause incidence in this pest over a wide area in northern China, and thus can be incorporated into an areawide population dynamic model of this pest. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermally Stable Quantum Rods, Covering Full Visible Range for Display and Lighting Application
Authors: Prodanov Maksym F. , Gupta Swadesh K. , Kang Chengbin , Diakov Maksym Y. , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Srivastava Abhishek K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently, quantum rods (QRs) have been studied heavily for display and lighting applications. QRs offer serious advantages over the quantum dots such as higher light out‐coupling coefficient, and polarized emission. The QR enhancement films double liquid crystal display efficiency. However, it is still a challenge to synthesize good quality green (λem ≈ 520 nm) and blue (λem ≈ 465 nm) emitting QRs, due to very large bathochromic shift during the shell growth. Furthermore, until now, the presence of cadmium in high‐quality QRs is inevitable, but due to its toxicity, RoHS has restricted the amount of cadmium in consumer products. In this article, low Cd core‐shell QRs, with a narrow‐band luminescence spectrum tuned in the whole visible range, are prepared by replacing Cd with Zn in a one‐pot post‐synthetic development. These QRs possess the good thermal stability of photoluminescence properties, and therefore, show high performance for the on‐chip LED configuration. The designed white LEDs (WLEDs) are characterized by a high brightness of 120000 nits, and color gamut covering 122% NTSC (90% of BT2020), in the 1931CIE color space. Additionally, these LEDs show a high luminous efficiency of 115 lm W−1. Thus, these quantum rod LED are perfectly viable for display backlighting and lighting applications.
Posteriore Epilepsien: Ätiologische Aspekte
Authors: Kasper Burkhard S. , Rössler Karl , Dörfler Arnd 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Posteriore Epilepsien (PE), also fokale Epilepsien mit Ursprungszonen in den hinteren Anteilen des Neokortex (Parietallappen, Okzipitallappen, dorsaler Temporallappen), sind eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung mit einem großen Spektrum an möglichen Ätiologien.

Fragestellung
Das ätiologische Spektrum der PE wird dargestellt.

Material und Methode
Illustration auf der Basis langjähriger eigener Erfahrung und mit Befundbeispielen eigener Fälle.

Ergebnisse
Die PE ist vielgestaltig. Die Kenntnis des breiten Spektrums der möglichen Ätiologien ist wichtig, um eine PE mit ihrer Ätiologie verlässlich zu erkennen und ausgewählten Patienten eine gezielte Behandlung anbieten zu können. Erfolgreiche Epilepsiechirurgie ist nicht selten möglich.
Tracking the visual system—from the optic chiasm to primary visual cortex
Authors: Puzniak Robert J. , Prabhakaran Gokulraj T. , Buentjen Lars , Schmitt Friedhelm C. , Hoffmann Michael B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEpilepsy surgery is a well-established method of treatment for pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies, but it carries an inherent risk of damaging eloquent brain structures. This holds true in particular for visual system pathways, where the damage to, for example, the optic radiation may result in postoperative visual field defects. Such risk can be minimized by the identification and localization of visual pathways using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the step-by-step process of reconstructing the visual pathways applying dMRI analysis. This includes data acquisition, preprocessing, identification of key structures of the visual system necessary for reconstruction, as well as diffusion modeling and the ultimate reconstruction of neural pathways. As a result, the reader will become familiar both with the ideas and challenges of imaging the visual system using dMRI and their relevance for planning the intervention.
Diabetes SPECIAL (Students Providing Education on Chronic Illness and Lifestyle): a&nbsp;novel preclinical medical student elective
Authors: Myers Sarah E. , Bender Nicholas R. , Seidel Marina A. , Weinstock Ruth S. 
Published: December 2020

Background Traditional medical student curricula limit substantial clinical experiences until the third and fourth years of medical school. This delay in valuable experiences hinders the ability of some medical students to choose a specialty to pursue, delays the formation of meaningful longitudinal mentorship relationships, and limits the development of important clinical acumen. Furthermore, the use of medical students in preclinical years may help to improve patient care and outcomes.
Approach The novel preclinical Diabetes SPECIAL (Students Providing Education on Chronic Illness and Lifestyle) elective was designed to introduce first year medical students to the field of endocrinology, promote the development of a professional identity, improve medical student communication skills, and raise awareness of the complexities of managing patients living with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, and novel to this experience, was to measure the impact of this elective on patient outcomes.
Evaluation Students attended patient appointments, communicated with their assigned patients regularly, relayed important health information to the attending endocrinologist, and attended monthly didactic sessions. The elective outcomes were evaluated via completed surveys by patients, students, and attending physicians as well as medical record review for pre- and post-elective hemoglobin A1C levels.
Reflection Students, faculty, and patients who participated in this elective generally reported having a positive experience. Seven out of 10 patients had a reduction in their hemoglobin A1C levels.
Measuring motivation for team science collaboration in health teams
Authors: Lotrecchiano Gaetano R. , Schwartz Lisa , Falk-Krzesinski Holly J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Motivation Assessment for Team Readiness, Integration, and Collaboration (MATRICx) is a psychometric instrument that measures individual motivation for collaboration. It was validated using Rasch Analysis to create an indicator hierarchy on two dimensions: cooperation and collaboration. Six domains provide the basis for the tool to identify team member readiness for collaboration and a means by which to understand motivational strengths in a team based on degree of past self-reported experience. This brief report provides an overview of the development of the tool, how science teams may use it, and how to interpret results to advance team member readiness for greater collaboration. The paper also draws attention to ongoing work in progress to develop learning interventions to accompany the MATRICx instrument.