bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sunlight to Electricity
Authors: Merrigan Joseph A. 
Published: May 2020

Energy usage and the use of solar energy through photovoltaic conversion.
"The first 30 pages of theis typewritten book are generally useful as a timely, concise, well-documented statement of energy sources and expected energy usage in the U.S. to the year 2000. The rest of the book... deals with the use of solar energy through photovoltaic conversion. The principles of energy band structure of solids, the state of the art in photovoltaic conversion, economic considerations, and business opportunities are each discussed; extensive references and a bibliography are provided."—AAAS Science Books & Films
Buying Time: Using OMM to Potentially Reduce the Demand for Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Stenta Michael Emerson 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) pandemic is causing an increased need for mechanical ventilation for a significant percentage of people who present to the hospital for treatment. This increase in demand could surpass the supply of ventilators and lead to an increase in mortality due to a lack of ventilator vacancies. There is significant evidence that osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) can alleviate pulmonary symptoms and aid in quicker recoveries from various respiratory ailments. OMM has the potential to play a significant role in helping reduce a patient's need for mechanical ventilation by delaying the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome stemming from SARS-Cov2 infections.
Mitigating disruptions, and scalability of radiation oncology physics work during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Darafsheh Arash , Lavvafi Hossein , Taleei Reza , Khan Rao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to disorder in work and livelihood of a majority of the modern world. In this work, we review its major impacts on procedures and workflow of clinical physics tasks, and suggest alternate pathways to avoid major disruption or discontinuity of physics tasks in the context of small, medium, and large radiation oncology clinics. We also evaluate scalability of medical physics under the stress of “social distancing”.MethodsThree models of facilities characterized by the number of clinical physicists, daily patient throughput, and equipment were identified for this purpose. For identical objectives of continuity of clinical operations, with constraints such as social distancing and unavailability of staff due to system strain, however with the possibility of remote operations, the performance of these models was investigated. General clinical tasks requiring on‐site personnel presence or otherwise were evaluated to determine the scalability of the three models at this point in the course of disease spread within their surroundings.ResultsThe clinical physics tasks within three models could be divided into two categories. The former, which requires individual presence, include safety‐sensitive radiation delivery, high dose per fraction treatments, brachytherapy procedures, fulfilling state and nuclear regulatory commission's requirements, etc. The latter, which can be handled through remote means, include dose planning, physics plan review and supervision of quality assurance, general troubleshooting, etc.ConclusionAt the current level of disease in the United States, all three models have sustained major system stress in continuing reduced operation. However, the small clinic model may not perform if either the current level of infections is maintained for long or staff becomes unavailable due to health issues. With abundance, and diversity of innovative resources, medium and large clinic models can sustain further for physics‐related radiotherapy services.
Tumor‐Targeted Inhibition of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Improves T‐Cell Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors
Authors: Huang Tongyi , Feng Qiang , Wang Zhaohui , Li Wei , Sun Zhichen , Wilhelm Jonathan , Huang Gang , Vo Tram , Sumer Baran D. , Gao Jinming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExport of lactic acid from glycolytic cancer cells to the extracellular tumor milieu has been reported to enhance tumor growth and suppress antitumor immunity. In this study, a pH‐activatable nanodrug is reported for tumor‐targeted inhibition of monocarboxylate transporter‐1 (MCT1) that reverses lactic acid‐induced tumor immunosuppression. The nanodrug is composed of an MCT1 inhibitor (AZD3965) loaded inside the ultra‐pH‐sensitive nanoparticles (AZD‐UPS NPs). AZD‐UPS NP is produced by a microfluidics method with improved drug loading efficiency and optimal nanoparticle size over sonication methods. The nanodrug remains as intact micelles at pH 7.4 but rapidly disassembles and releases payload upon exposure to acidic pH. When combined with anti‐PD‐1 therapy, AZD‐UPS NP leads to potent tumor growth inhibition and increases survival in two tumor models over oral administration of AZD3965 at dramatically reduced dose (>200‐fold). Safety evaluations demonstrate reduced drug distribution in heart and liver tissues with decrease in toxic biomarkers such as cardiac troponin by the nanodrug. Increased T‐cell infiltration and reduced exhaustive PD1+Tim3+ T cells are found in tumors. These data illustrate that tumor‐targeted inhibition of MCT1 can reverse the immune suppressive microenvironment of solid tumors for increased safety and antitumor efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Tuning the Kinetics of Zinc‐Ion Insertion/Extraction in V2O5 by In Situ Polyaniline Intercalation Enables Improved Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Storage Performance
Authors: Liu Sucheng , Zhu He , Zhang Binghao , Li Gen , Zhu Hekang , Ren Yang , Geng Hongbo , Yang Yang , Liu Qi , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are emerging as a promising alternative for Li‐ion batteries. However, the developed cathodes suffer from sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, leading to poor rate capability and inadequate cycle life. Herein, an in situ polyaniline (PANI) intercalation strategy is developed to facilitate the Zn2+ (de)intercalation kinetics in V2O5. In this way, a remarkably enlarged interlayer distance (13.90 Å) can be constructed alternatively between the VO layers, offering expediting channels for facile Zn2+ diffusion. Importantly, the electrostatic interactions between the Zn2+ and the host O2−, which is another key factor in hindering the Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, can be effectively blocked by the unique π‐conjugated structure of PANI. As a result, the PANI‐intercalated V2O5 exhibits a stable and highly reversible electrochemical reaction during repetitive Zn2+ insertion and extraction, as demonstrated by in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and Raman studies. Further first‐principles calculations clearly reveal a remarkably lowered binding energy between Zn2+ and host O2−, which explains the favorable kinetics in PANI‐intercalated V2O5. Benefitting from the above, the overall electrochemical performance of PANI‐intercalated V2O5 electrode is remarkable improved, exhibiting excellent high rate capability of 197.1 mAh g−1 at current density of 20 A g−1 with capacity retention of 97.6% over 2000 cycles.
Fabrication Techniques for Curved Electronics on Arbitrary Surfaces
Authors: Wu Hao , Tian Yu , Luo Haibo , Zhu Hui , Duan Yongqing , Huang YongAn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCurved electronics, which are better coordinated and blended with the natural world due to the characteristics of large contact area, high space adaptability, etc., have been widely used in a quantity of areas ranging from conformal curved antennas and sensors in detection and measurement, to artificial smart skin of aerospace. Recent developments in curved electronics have made an increasing progress to the historic drawbacks of conventional planar electronics, however significant challenges still exist. Here, the main kinds of conformal fabrication technologies, including transfer printing, assembly techniques, curved lithography, conformal inkjet printing, 3D printing, and laser direct writing, are reviewed to realize manufacturing deformable/undeformable electronics on curved or arbitrary surfaces. The processes and features of each technology are comprehensively summarized together with their progress and potential values. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for fabricating conformal electronics on arbitrary surfaces are also discussed.
High‐Performance, Mechanically and Thermally Compliant Silica‐Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Triboelectric Nanogenerators Application
Authors: Uzabakiriho Pierre Claver , Haider Zeeshan , Emmanuel Kamana , Ahmad Rafi u Shan , Haleem Abdul , Farooq Umar , Uwisengeyimana Jean De Dieux , Mbogba Momoh Karmah , Fareed Azam , Memon Kashan , Khan Irfan , Hu Peng , Zhao Gang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are attractive research since their discovery, and various strategies are developed in order to improve their output performance. Recently, the ionic gel has been attracted to the TENGs field, but it typically has limited power output and durability. Here, a strategy of adding silica‐supported ionic liquid to the polymer (solid polymer electrolyte) as a triboelectric material is reported. This method of tribo‐material is created using a straightforward sol–gel process, resulting in a versatile, stable, durable, and high power output performance. When coupled with spin‐coated polydimethylsiloxane as negative material provides an output voltage of 248 V, a current density of 61.5 mA m−2 and power density of 5.2 W m−2 which is sufficient to light up 160 white light‐emitting diodes. Comparatively, pristine poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film merely harvests 125 V, 26.5 mA m−2, and power of ≈2.48 W m−2. The high output is attributed to the silica precursor in the membrane, which makes more –OH groups of PVA to form long chains network with other oxygen of alkoxy groups through hydrogen bonding and also the presence of nitrogen groups of imidazolium. This work thus expands the enhancement of the positive material utilized for triboelectric nanogenerators with high possibility.
Development of Innovative Antiatherosclerotic Peptides through the Combination of Molecular Modeling and a Dual (Biochemical‐Cellular) Screening System
Authors: Benitez‐Amaro Aleyda , Pallara Chiara , Nasarre Laura , Ferreira Ruben , de Gonzalo‐Calvo David , Prades Roger , Tarragó Teresa , Llorente‐Cortés Vicenta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Approximately 60% of patients treated with low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐lowering drug treatments, with on‐target plasma cholesterol levels, are still suffering clinical acute ischemic events. Mechanisms, such as LDL aggregation, underlie extracellular and intracellular cholesterol accumulation in the vasculature. A peptide sequence (P3) of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) efficiently protects LDL from sphingomyelinase (SMase‐) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)‐induced LDL aggregation. The aim is to design families of peptide derivatives from P3 with enhanced potency and proteolytic stability. New peptides are designed through in silico conformational sampling and ApoB‐100 molecular docking, and are tested in dual (biochemical‐cellular) screening assays. A total of 46 new peptides including linear, fragment, cyclic, and alanine scanning derivatives are generated through two consecutive optimization rounds. Structurally and functionally optimized peptides contain hotspot residues that are replaced by alanine. This strategy confers an increased capacity to form prone alpha‐helix conformations crucial for the electrostatic interaction with ApoB‐100. These new compounds are highly efficient at inhibiting LDL aggregation and human coronary vascular smooth muscle cell‐cholesteryl ester loading and should be studied in preclinical models of atherosclerosis.
Droplet impingement and wetting behavior on a chemically heterogeneous surface in the Beyond–Cassie–Baxter regime
Authors: Yi Guina , Cai Ziqi , Gao Zhengming , Jiang Zhichao , Huang Xiongbin , Derksen Jos J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDroplet impingement and anisotropic wetting on chemically heterogeneous stripe‐patterned surfaces is simulated by means of many‐body dissipative particle dynamics. The ratio of the stripe width and initial droplet diameter, defined as β, ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 so that the wetting process is in the Beyond–Cassie–Baxter regime and is highly anisotropic. At zero Weber number (that is, without considering droplet inertia) and with superhydrophobic stripes, β is the only factor affecting the droplet perpendicular contact angle and aspect ratio. For inertial droplets, β and the Weber number are found to have an effect on the eventual droplet morphology on multi‐striped surfaces. These morphologies include elongated shape, split‐off, and “butterfly” shape. A correlation for critical split‐off conditions has been determined. An energy analysis of droplet impingement shows that the normalized surface energy of the droplet is independent of the Weber number if the droplet is elongated or butterfly‐shaped.
Assessing the host genetic background effects on type 2 diabetes and obesity development in response to mixed–oral bacteria and high‐fat diet using the collaborative cross mouse model
Authors: Karkar Luna , Abu‐Toamih Atamni Hanifa J. , Milhem Asal , Houri-Haddad Yael , Iraqi Fuad A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHost genetic background and sex, play central roles in defining the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and infectious diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated the utilization of genetically highly diverse inbred mouse lines, namely collaborative cross (CC), for dissecting host susceptibility for the development of T2D and obesity, showing significant variations following high‐fat (42% fat) diet (HFD). Here, we aimed to assessing the host genetic background and sex effects on T2D and obesity development in response to oral‐mixed bacterial infection and HFD using the CC lines.Materials and MethodsStudy cohort consists of 97 mice from 2 CC lines (both sexes), maintained on either HFD or Standard diet (CHD) for 12 weeks. At week 5 a group of mice from each diet were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) bacteria (control groups without infection). Body weight (BW) and glucose tolerance ability were assessed at the end time point of the experiment.ResultsThe CC lines varied (P < .05) at their BW gain and glucose tolerance ability (with sex effect) in response to diets and/or infection, showing opposite responses despite sharing the same environmental conditions. The combination of diet and infection enhances BW accumulation for IL1912, while restraints it for IL72. As for glucose tolerance ability, only females (both lines) were deteriorated in response to infection.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes the power of the CC mouse population for the characterization of host genetic makeup for defining the susceptibility of the individual to development of obesity and/or impaired glucose tolerance.
Permeability Measures Predict Hemorrhagic Transformation after Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bivard Andrew , Kleinig Timothy , Churilov Leonid , Levi Christopher , Lin Longting , Cheng Xin , Chen Chushuang , Aviv Richard , Choi Philip M. C. , Spratt Neil J. , Butcher Kenneth , Dong Qiang , Parsons Mark 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveWe sought to examine the diagnostic utility of existing predictors of any hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and compare them with new perfusion imaging permeability measures in ischemic stroke patients receiving alteplase only.MethodsA pixel‐based analysis of pretreatment CT perfusion (CTP) was undertaken to define the optimal CTP permeability thresholds to predict the likelihood of HT. We then compared previously proposed predictors of HT using regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to produce an area under the curve (AUC). We compared AUCs using χ2 analysis.ResultsFrom 5 centers, 1,407 patients were included in this study; of these, 282 had HT. The cohort was split into a derivation cohort (1,025, 70% patients) and a validation cohort (382 patients or 30%). The extraction fraction (E) permeability map at a threshold of 30% relative to contralateral had the highest AUC at predicting any HT (derivation AUC 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–0.91; validation AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.91). The AUC improved when permeability was assessed within the acute perfusion lesion for the E maps at a threshold of 30% (derivation AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.95; validation AUC 0.89, 95% CI 0.86–0.95). Previously proposed associations with HT and parenchymal hematoma showed lower AUC values than the permeability measure.InterpretationIn this large multicenter study, we have validated a highly accurate measure of HT prediction. This measure might be useful in clinical practice to predict hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke patients before receiving alteplase alone. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:466–476
Photoinduced Olefin Diamination with Alkylamines
Authors: Govaerts Sebastian , Angelini Lucrezia , Hampton Charlotte , Malet‐Sanz Laia , Ruffoni Alessandro , Leonori Daniele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVicinal diamines are ubiquitous materials in organic and medicinal chemistry. The direct coupling of olefins and amines would be an ideal approach to construct these motifs. However, alkene diamination remains a long‐standing challenge in organic synthesis, especially when using two different amine components. We report a general strategy for the direct and selective assembly of vicinal 1,2‐diamines using readily available olefin and amine building blocks. This mild and straightforward approach involves in situ formation and photoinduced activation of N‐chloroamines to give aminium radicals that enable efficient alkene aminochlorination. Owing to the ambiphilic nature of the β‐chloroamines produced, conversion into tetra‐alkyl aziridinium ions was possible, thus enabling diamination by regioselective ring‐opening with primary or secondary amines. This strategy streamlines the preparation of vicinal diamines from multistep sequences to a single chemical transformation.
Sequential and Timely Combination of a Cancer Nanovaccine with Immune Checkpoint Blockade Effectively Inhibits Tumor Growth and Relapse
Authors: Kim Yujin , Kang Sukmo , Shin Hocheol , Kim Taewoo , Yu Byeongjun , Kim Jinjoo , Yoo Dohyun , Jon Sangyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe describe a small lipid nanoparticle (SLNP)‐based nanovaccine platform and a new combination treatment regimen. Tumor antigen‐displaying, CpG adjuvant‐embedded SLNPs (OVAPEP‐SLNP@CpG) were prepared from biocompatible phospholipids and a cationic cholesterol derivative. The resulting nanovaccine showed highly potent antitumor efficacy in both prophylactic and therapeutic E.G7 tumor models. However, this vaccine induced T cell exhaustion by elevating PD‐L1 expression, leading to tumor recurrence. Thus, the nanovaccine was combined with simultaneous anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment, but the therapeutic efficacy of this regimen was comparable to that of the nanovaccine alone. Finally, mice that showed a good therapeutic response after the first cycle of immunization with the nanovaccine underwent a second cycle together with anti‐PD‐1 therapy, resulting in suppression of tumor relapse. This suggests that the antitumor efficacy of combinations of nanovaccines with immune checkpoint blockade therapy is dependent on treatment sequence and the timing of each modality.
Eine Redoxpolymer‐basierte Gasdiffusions‐H2‐Oxidationsbioanode mit hoher Stromdichte unter Verwendung von [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase aus Desulfovibrio desulfuricans integriert in einer membranfreien Biobrennstoffzelle
Authors: Szczesny Julian , Birrell James A. , Conzuelo Felipe , Lubitz Wolfgang , Ruff Adrian , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDie Verwendung hochaktiver, aber zeitgleich auch hochempfindlicher Katalysatoren (z. B. [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase aus Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) in Biobrennstoffzellen ist nach wie vor eine der größten Herausforderungen bei der nachhaltigen Energieumwandlung. Wir berichten über die Herstellung einer auf Gasdiffusionselektroden‐basierten H2 /O2‐Biobrennstoffzelle, die mit einer [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase/Redoxpolymer‐basierten H2‐Oxidationsbioanode mit hoher Stromdichte ausgestattet ist. Die Bioanoden zeigen Benchmark‐Stromdichten von ca. 14 mA cm−2, und die entsprechenden Brennstoffzellentests zeigen einen Benchmark für eine Polymer/Hydrogenase‐basierte Biobrennstoffzelle mit herausragenden Leistungsdichten von 5.4 mW cm−2 bei 0.7 V Zellspannung. Darüber hinaus wird die hochempfindliche [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase durch das Redoxpolymer vor Sauerstoffschäden geschützt und kann unter 5 % O2 arbeiten.
Centimeter‐Sized Single Crystal of Two‐Dimensional Halide Perovskites Incorporating Straight‐Chain Symmetric Diammonium Ion for X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Shen Yue , Liu Yucheng , Ye Haochen , Zheng Yiting , Wei Qi , Xia Yingdong , Chen Yonghua , Zhao Kui , Huang Wei , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) AA′n−1MnX3n+1 type halide perovskites incorporating straight‐chain symmetric diammonium cations define a new type of structure, but their optoelectronic properties are largely unexplored. Reported here is the synthesis of a centimeter‐sized AA′n−1MnX3n+1 type perovskite, BDAPbI4 (BDA=NH3C4H8NH3), single crystal and its charge‐transport properties under X‐ray excitation. The crystal shows a staggered configuration of the [PbI6]4− layers, a band gap of 2.37 eV, and a low trap density of 3.1×109 cm−3. The single‐crystal X‐ray detector exhibits an excellent sensitivity of 242 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 under the 10 V bias (0.31 V μm−1), a detection limit as low as 430 nGyair s−1, ultrastable response current, a stable baseline with the lowest dark current drift of 6.06×10−9 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1, and rapid response time of τrise=7.3 ms and τfall=22.5 ms. These crystals are promising candidates for the next generation of optoelectronic devices.
Redox‐Polymer‐Based High‐Current‐Density Gas‐Diffusion H2‐Oxidation Bioanode Using [FeFe] Hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in a Membrane‐free Biofuel Cell
Authors: Szczesny Julian , Birrell James A. , Conzuelo Felipe , Lubitz Wolfgang , Ruff Adrian , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe incorporation of highly active but also highly sensitive catalysts (e.g. the [FeFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) in biofuel cells is still one of the major challenges in sustainable energy conversion. We report the fabrication of a dual‐gas diffusion electrode H2/O2 biofuel cell equipped with a [FeFe] hydrogenase/redox polymer‐based high‐current‐density H2‐oxidation bioanode. The bioanodes show benchmark current densities of around 14 mA cm−2 and the corresponding fuel cell tests exhibit a benchmark for a hydrogenase/redox polymer‐based biofuel cell with outstanding power densities of 5.4 mW cm−2 at 0.7 V cell voltage. Furthermore, the highly sensitive [FeFe] hydrogenase is protected against oxygen damage by the redox polymer and can function under 5 % O2.