bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les fablabs , ateliers au cœur de la ville : les spécificités des lieux d’Afrique francophone
Authors: Liotard Isabelle 
Published: January 2020

Les fablabs fleurissent depuis quelques années en France et dans le monde et suscitent un intérêt grandissant. Si nombre de travaux ont été conduits sur ces espaces en Europe ou dans les pays développés, peu de recherches ont toutefois été menées sur l’Afrique. Notre objectif est alors de nous interroger sur les spécificités des fablabs d’Afrique francophone objet de notre étude, et d’apporter un premier éclairage sur ces tiers lieux. À l’appui d’une série d’entretiens avec les fabmanagers africains, nous montrons que même si ces espaces ont des traits communs avec leurs homologues du Nord, ils présentent une caractéristique forte d’acculturation du numérique, destinée à des besoins spécifiques, et tournés vers des populations identifiées que sont les jeunes, les artisans et agriculteurs, les femmes. Une lecture croisée des lieux français et africains est également proposée. Codes JEL : L17, O32, O33
La science économique questionnée par la biologie. La coopération, principale source d’innovation du monde vivant
Authors: Perrin Jacques 
Published: January 2020

Depuis quelques années, de nombreux travaux de recherche en biologie révèlent que la coopération est un principe important de la construction du monde vivant. Dans l’histoire de l’évolution, la coopération et notamment la symbiose microbienne ont été une source infinie d’innovations. Dans chacune des espèces, les groupes les plus coopératifs sont ceux qui survivent le mieux. La croissance des inégalités est la principale cause de l’effondrement de la cohésion d’un groupe. Les différents processus de coopération au sein du monde vivant interrogent la théorie de l’évolution mais aussi la science économique qui mettent en avant la compétition comme force dominante. Ces processus nous obligent à changer notre vision du monde et de la place de l’être humain dans le monde, héritée des Lumières et de la modernité. Face aux enjeux de la transition écologique, nous avons maintenant à notre disposition les dynamiques et les concepts pour repenser la science économique.	Codes JEL : B30, B52, O35
La créativité dans les espaces de coworking : le cas de « La Cordée »
Authors: Mellard Maxime , Parmentier Guy 
Published: January 2020

Les espaces de coworking sont considérés comme une nouvelle forme d’organisation du travail sans relations hiérarchiques et a priori sans objectifs communs entre les membres. Toutefois dans ces tiers-lieux se développent de nombreuses interactions sociales ponctuelles, informelles et quelquefois organisées. De plus, les caractéristiques d’ouverture, d’espace de socialisation et de partage de connaissances de ce type de lieu pourraient être favorables à la créativité. Cet article propose ainsi d’étudier comment les espaces de coworking favorisent-ils la créativité des coworkers . À partir, d’une étude de cas unique, La Cordée, les résultats mettent en lumière trois composantes qui soutiennent la créativité dans un espace de coworking : l’environnement de travail, des événements et des outils et l’état d’esprit des membres. Codes JEL : L20, M13, O31
Le living lab , un intermédiaire d’innovation ouverte pour les territoires ruraux ou péri-urbains ?
Authors: Fasshauer Ingrid , Zadra-Veil Cathy 
Published: January 2020

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser une nouvelle forme organisationnelle, le living lab (LL) et sa capacité à favoriser l’innovation territoriale en milieu rural ou péri-urbain. A travers une revue de littérature et la mobilisation de la sociologie de l’acteur-réseau (Callon, 1986 ; Latour, 1987), nous positionnons les living labs comme intermédiaires d’innovation ouverte dont les caractéristiques permettent d’intégrer de nombreux acteurs hétérogènes, établissements publics, entreprises privées, associations et citoyens, sur des projets d’innovation. L’étude d’un LL rural met en évidence la capacité d’une telle structure à reconfigurer des réseaux d’acteurs pour proposer une série de tiers-lieux adaptés aux spécificités des territoires sur lesquels ils s’implantent. Cette recherche permet d’enrichir la réflexion la pérennisation des tiers-lieux ruraux et leurs spécificités par rapport aux espaces urbains. Codes JEL : O35, R00, L31
Sélections et comptes d’auteurs. Quelques jalons dans l’histoire du canon littéraire
Authors: Lucken Christopher 
Published: January 2020

Servant d’introduction aux articles réunis dans cet ensemble thématique, cette étude propose un bref parcours historique du canon littéraire. Partant de la Bible pour aboutir au « livre de la mémoire » mis en valeur par Proust, nous nous arrêtons sur différents moments destinés à illustrer les objectifs et les questions que pose la constitution de catalogues d’auteurs et de livres dont on entend privilégier la lecture : la constitution du corpus homérique, les listes d’auteurs proposées durant l’Antiquité gréco-latine, les curricula des institutions scolaires médiévales, les premières listes d’œuvres et d’écrivains en langue française, la notion de classicisme, la bataille des Anciens et des Modernes et, avant d’en arriver à Proust, le rejet du bagage culturel transmis par l’autorité des maîtres.
Canon et genre littéraire au regard de la poésie moderne
Authors: Radeljković Ivan 
Published: January 2020

La présente étude porte sur la poésie moderne en France au début du xx e siècle confrontée au canon et aux règles du genre littéraire auquel elle se rattache. Son objectif est de montrer pourquoi il importe de prendre en compte le cadre générique dans la constitution du canon littéraire, en analysant les élargissements et les transformations opérés par les avant-gardes poétiques du début du xx e siècle par rapport aux restrictions canoniques de la notion générique de poésie.
Canon et poétique de l’allusion chez Percival Everett
Authors: Zvrko Edina 
Published: January 2020

À côté du canon « classique », il existe des micro-canons littéraires définis par un certain nombre de critères partagés par les créations représentatives d’un groupe social particulier. Mais une œuvre peut aussi vouloir affirmer sa singularité. Tel est le cas de la création de Percival Everett, écrivain et peintre américain d’origine africaine. Dans sa recherche de libération des stéréotypes liés à l’expérience noire décrite par la tradition littéraire afro-américaine, l’auteur met à l’œuvre une poétique de double allusion : tout en parodiant les œuvres traditionnelles du canon afro-américain ainsi que le courant post-structuraliste français, l’écriture d’Everett est parsemée de motifs relatifs aux textes de la littérature classique. Nous nous proposons d’observer la manière dont l’œuvre de cet auteur affirme son authenticité à travers la distance originale qu’elle crée pour ensuite réactiver et renouveler les traditions de ses maîtres et de ses prédécesseurs.
Fabrication of Highly Reliable Joint Based on Cu/Ni/Sn Double-Layer Powder for High Temperature Application
Authors: Xu Hongyan , Shen Yaochun , Hu Yihua , Li Jianqiang , Xu Ju 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A highly reliable three-dimensional network structure joint was fabricated based on Cu/Ni/Sn powder with double-layer coatings and transient liquid phase bonding (TLPB) technology for high temperature application. The Cu/Ni/Sn joint is characterized by Cu metal particles embedded in the matrix of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5/Ni3Sn4 intermetallic compounds (IMCs), with a low void ratio, and can be reflowed at low temperatures (&lt;260°C), but it can reliably work at a high temperature up to 415°C. Cu/Ni/Sn double-layer powders with different Sn layer and Ni layer thickness were was fabricated and compressed as preform used for TLPB joint bonding. The microstructure and phase composition evolution for Cu/Sn and Cu/Ni/Sn systems during reflow and aging were comparatively studied. Two kinds of interfacial structure designs were made, and corresponding interfacial microscopic morphology was analyzed and compared under once and twice reflow soldering processes. The results indicated that the Sn-coating layer was completely consumed to form (Cu,Ni)6Sn5/Ni3Sn4 IMCs, and the Cu/Ni/Sn joint had a lower void ratio and a higher shear strength than those of Cu/Sn. The mechanism of the Ni-coating layer inhibiting phase transformation was studied. The high reliable three-dimensional network structure joint based on Cu/Ni/Sn double-layer powder was fabricated for high temperature application.
Ultrasonography in lung pathologies: new perspectives
Authors: Demi Libertario , Demi Marcello , Smargiassi Andrea , Inchingolo Riccardo , Faita Francesco , Soldati Gino , Force Group And Task 
Published: January 2020

Background: Nowadays, ultrasound techniques have not gained importance in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung pathologies yet because of the high mismatch in acoustic impedance between air and intercostal tissues. However, it is evident that B-mode imaging provides important information on pulmonary tissue, although in the form of image artifacts.
Findings: Notwithstanding medical evidences, there exists no ultrasound-based method dedicated to the lung, hampering de facto the full exploitation of ultrasound potentials. A chance is given by the experience acquired in other fields, where acoustic attenuation is used to estimate concentrations of suspended particles in liquids and of air-bubbles in aerated foods.
Conclusions: Custom hardware must be developed since commercial echographic equipment has been optimized to work with low acoustic impedance mismatches, and, in general, does not provide the primitive radiofrequency (RF) signals nor the possibility to tune key acquisition parameters such as ultrasound carrier frequency and pulse bandwidth, which are surely needed for our application.
Levodropropizine for treating cough in adult and children: a meta-analysis of published studies
Authors: Zanasi Alessandro , Lanata Luigi , Fontana Giovanni , Saibene Federico , Dicpinigaitis Peter , De Blasio Francesco 
Published: January 2020

Background: Cough is one of the most common symptoms for which patients seek medical attention from primary care physicians and lung specialists. About 40% of the population at any one time report cough. Cough is associated with significantly impaired health-related quality of life. Levodropropizine is an effective and very well tolerated peripheral antitussive drug. We want to compare it to central cough suppressants efficacy (opioids and non-opioids) that may be associated with side effects limiting their use.
Methods: After a comprehensive literature search, a meta-analysis of 7 clinical studies of levodropropizine vs. control, including a total of 1,178 patients, was performed with the aim to evaluate the overall comparative efficacy of levodropropizine in the pediatric and adult population. Three electronic databases and reference list were used to search for studies that assessed the efficacy of levodropropizine for treating cough in children and adults using as standardized efficacy parameters the cough frequency and severity, and number of night awakenings as outcome parameters.
Results: The meta-analysis of all standardized efficacy parameters showed a highly statistically significant difference in the overall antitussive efficacy in favor of levodropropizine vs. control treatments (p = 0.0015). The heterogeneity test for the efficacy outcome was not statistically significant (p = 0.0534). Seven studies met out inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of the eligible ones showed a statistically significant difference in the overall anti-tussive effect of levodropropizine versus control (p = 0.0015).
Conclusions: This analysis indicates that levodropropizine is an effective antitussive drug in children and adults, with statistically significant better overall efficacy outcomes vs. central antitussive drugs (codeine, cloperastine, dextromethorphan) in terms of reducing cough intensity and frequency, and nocturnal awakenings. This result further reinforces the favorable benefit/risk profile of levodropropizine in the management of cough. The efficacy of levodropropizine in the treatment of cough in children and adults is higher than that of the common centrally-acting anti-tussive.
Kartagener’s syndrome: review of a case series
Authors: Ciancio Nicola , De Santi Maria Margherita , Campisi Raffaele , Amato Laura , Di Martino Giuseppina , Di Maria Giuseppe 
Published: January 2020

Background: Kartagener Syndrome (KS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, resulting in a group of clinical manifestations, including bronchiectasis, chronic pansinusitis and situs inversus.
Methods: We hereby reviewed eight cases of this rare entity selected from patients attending our outpatients Respiratory Unit since 2006. Samples of respiratory epithelium were obtained with the method of nasal brushing and sent to a specialized center in order to be studied with electron microscopy. At least 50 cross sections of different cilia from different cells were observed in each specimen to study the axonemal structure. Electron micrographs were taken at a magnification of X 50,000 to determine the orientation of the cilia and at a magnification of X 110,000 to study the axonemal pattern. The incidence of abnormal cilia was expressed as a percentage.
Results: We observed different ultrastructural defects in our KS patients, including absence of outer dynein arms, absence of outer and inner dynein arms, and absence of the central pair with transposition of a peripheral doublet into the central position. Patient’s follow up lasted till 2014, however two patients with more severe clinical behavior died before.
Conclusions: This is a review of a case series, yet our data has shown that nasal brushing with ultrastructural pathological differentiation may be useful to identify patients with high risk and to develop more complex clinical presentations.
Using PaCO2 values to grade obesity-hypoventilation syndrome severity: a retrospective study
Authors: Damiani Mario Francesco , Falcone Vito Antonio , Carratù Pierluigi , Scoditti Cristina , Bega Elioda , Dragonieri Silvano , Scoditti Alfredo , Resta Onofrio 
Published: January 2020

Background Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a common diffuse parenchymal lung disease in Egypt which can be difficult to recognize due to the dynamic symptoms & associated environmental factors.
Methods Forty-three Egyptian patients were enrolled in this study, presenting with dyspnea and cough, predominant ground-glass opacity (GGO) in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) where lung biopsy was needed to establish the diagnosis.
Results The age range was 15 to 60 years. Females represented 90.7% (39 patients) while 9.3% (4 patients) of our patients were males. History of contact with birds was detected in 9 (20.9%) patients. Most of our patients (60.5%) didn’t have exposure history, and only 8 patients (18.6%) were living in geographic areas in Egypt that are known for the exposure to environmental etiologic factors (cane sugar exhaust fumes). The most common HRCT pattern was GGO with mosaic parenchyma in 18 patients (41.86%), followed by GGO with centrilobular nodules in 9 patients (20.93%), then isolated diffuse GGO in 5 patients (11.62%), GGO with traction bronchiectasis in 4 patients (9.3%), GGO with consolidation in 3 patients (6.97%), GGO with reticulations in 2 patients (4.65%), and GGO with cysts in 2 patients (4.65%). The most common histologic finding was isolated multinucleated giant cells in 38 patients (88.3%) commonly found in airspaces (24 patients) and less commonly in the interstitium (14 patients), followed by interstitial pneumonia and cellular bronchiolitis in 36 patients (83.7% each), interstitial ill-formed non-necrotizing granulomas in 12 patients (27.9%), fibrosis in 10 patients (23.2%), and organizing pneumonia pattern in 4 patients (9.3%).
Conclusion. The diagnosis of HP presenting with predominant GGO pattern in HRCT requires a close interaction among clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists. Some environmental and household factors may be underestimated as etiologic factors. Further environmental and genetic studies are needed especially in patients with negative exposure history.
Helicobacter pylori rate and histopathological evaluation in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Özdoğan Osman , Yaras Serkan 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionStudies of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in liver diseases and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have been increasingly discussed. Most studies investigating the relationship between HP and HBV have been conducted in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and usually involving noninvasive tests. The HP frequency in these patients was higher than in healthy controls. No histopathological evaluation was performed in these studies. We investigated the incidence of HP in HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection (previously termed “inactive carrier”) by using invasive gastric biopsies and carried out histopathological evaluation.Material and methodsWe included 90 treatment-naive inactive hepatitis-B carriers as patients. The control group comprised 107 healthy subjects. Biopsies were obtained from the antrum and corpus and were evaluated histopathologically using the Sydney system of classification for gastritis.ResultsThe rate of HP in inactive hepatitis-B carriers was significantly higher than the control group (75.6% vs. 53.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). There was no difference in incidence of atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, activity, or inflammation (p > 0.05). Peptic ulcer was detected in 11 (12.2%) patients in the HBV group and in 7 (6.5%) patients in the control group (p = 0.360). The incidence of HP was higher in patients with HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/ml than in patients with HBV DNA < 2000 IU/ml, but this difference was not statistically significant (85% vs. 68%, respectively; p = 0.062).ConclusionsAlthough the HP rate in inactive hepatitis-B carriers was higher than the control group, there were no intergroup differences with respect to atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, activity, inflammation, and peptic ulcer frequency.
Oxidative stress, immunological and cellular hypoxia biomarkers in hepatitis C treatment-naïve and cirrhotic patients
Authors: Almaeen Abdulrahman , Alduraywish Abdulrahman , Mobasher Maysa , Almadhi Omar , Nafeh Hanan , El-Metwally Tarek 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of chronic liver disease, with calamitous complications. Its highest rate is recorded in Egypt. This study investigated whether oxidative stress, immunological chaos and cellular hypoxia are implicated in the pathophysiology of the disease.Material and methodsThis cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the changes in blood oxidative stress, cellular hypoxia/angiogenesis and cellular immunological biomarkers in hospital-diagnosed treatment-naïve HCV-infected Upper Egyptian chronic liver disease patients vs. healthy controls (n = 40). The consecutively included patients comprised 120 with normal serum enzymes (HCV-NE) and 130 with high serum enzymes (HCV-HE), along with 120 cirrhotic patients.ResultsOxidative stress biomarkers – malondialdehyde (MDA), total peroxides and oxidative stress index (OSI) – were significantly lower in controls vs. each of the patient groups. Cirrhotic patients presented the highest levels. However, total antioxidants (TAO) showed non-significant differences among the four groups. The cellular hypoxia/angiogenesis biomarkers – lactate, vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and its soluble receptor 1 (sVEGFR1) – vs. controls were massively increased in patient groups. VEGF was lowest while sVEGFR1 was highest among cirrhotic patients. Immunological biomarkers, – granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and total immunoglobulin G (IgG) – were massively increased in patient groups vs. controls. GM-CSF was lowest in HCV-HE and IgG was highest in cirrhotic patients. sVEGFR1 correlated with the progression towards cirrhosis.ConclusionsOxidative stress is implicated in the progress of HCV infection with marked induction of cellular hypoxia and dysfunctional angiogenesis, and a futile immunological reaction. sVEGFR1 level correlated with progression towards HCV-induced liver fibrosis.
Comparison of area under the curve in various models of diabetic rats receiving chronic medication
Authors: Liu Keng-Fan , Niu Chiang-Shan , Tsai Jen-Chieh , Yang Chao-Lin , Peng Wen-Huang , Niu Ho-Shan 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionThe oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is widely used as a diagnostic tool for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in clinical settings and animal experiments. The area under the curve (AUC) is then developed to quantify the total increase in blood glucose during the OGTT. Similarly, attenuation of the increased AUC indicates the improvement of IGT in animals. Variations in fasting plasma glucose between individuals stimulate the development of incremental area under the curve (iAUC). However, the iAUC determined from subtracting the baseline value of fasting plasma glucose (similar to ΔAUC) has been challenged as problematic without evidence.Material and methodsWe developed four different diabetic animal models. In each model, rats were treated with metformin, dapagliflozin, and insulin respectively for one week. OGTTs were performed after 7 days of the drug treatment. The acute blood glucose changes induced by one-time treatment of drugs were also compared.ResultsAfter a daily application of each drug at an effective dose for 7 days, results indicated potency in the following order: insulin > dapagliflozin > metformin. This was determined by calculation using the AUC in all diabetic models. However, the order changed when using the calculation with iAUC. Additionally, signals were changed before the OGTT in each model that received repeated treatment of each drug. Notably, drug potency was shown to be the same in OGTT calculated from iAUC and AUC in diabetic rats receiving acute treatment.ConclusionsiAUC seems unsuitable for application in cases where subjects are receiving chronic medication(s).
miR-29a activates expression of α-cardiac myosin heavy chain via β1 thyroid hormone receptor
in neonatal rats
Authors: Wang Chengbin , He Ru , Liu Xiaohui , Li Junhua , Pan Rui 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionMicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs which are regulators of gene expression and also regulate the genes in heart tissues. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of miRs on the expression level of myosin heavy chain (MHC), which is responsible for regulation of cardiac functions in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and mice.Material and methodsThe miRs were suppressed in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against Dicer followed by evaluation of MHC levels. For in vivo study the C57 black/6 Jacksonian mice were subjected to the transverse aortic constriction (TAC) procedure.ResultsThe Dicer siRNA suppressed the endogenous miRs and the -MHC gene but failed to down-regulate the -MHC. Among the 17 selected miRs, miR-29a was found to up-regulate the -MHC gene significantly but not -MHC. The expression of -MHC was suppressed by silencing the expression of miR-29a. Bioinformatics study done by TargetScan suggested thyroid hormone receptor-1 (TR-1) as a potential target of miR-29a. Additionally, miR-29a was found to regulate the expression of -MHC via TR-1 signaling.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study indicated that miR-29a modulates expression of -the MHC gene by targeting TR-1 in cardiac cells. The study may provide a new direction for treating cardiac failure and cardiac hypertrophy.