bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral oxygen metabolism in adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Václavů Lena , Petr Jan , Petersen Esben Thade , Mutsaerts Henri J.M.M. , Majoie Charles B.L. , Wood John C. , VanBavel Ed , Nederveen Aart J. , Biemond Bart J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn sickle cell disease (SCD), oxygen delivery is impaired due to anemia, especially during times of increased metabolic demand, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) must increase to meet changing physiologic needs. But hyperemia limits cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) and ischemic risk prevails despite elevated CBF. The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) directly reflects oxygen supply and consumption and may therefore be more insightful than flow‐based CVR measures for ischemic risk in SCD. We hypothesized that adults with SCD have impaired CMRO2 at rest and that a vasodilatory challenge with acetazolamide would improve CMRO2. CMRO2 was calculated from CBF and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), measured with arterial spin labeling and T2‐prepared tissue relaxation with inversion recovery (T2‐TRIR) MRI. We studied 36 adults with SCD without a clinical history of overt stroke, and nine healthy controls. As expected, CBF was higher in patients with SCD versus controls (mean ± SD: 74 ± 16 versus 46 ± 5 mL/100 g/min, P < .001), resulting in similar oxygen delivery (SCD: 377 ± 67 versus controls: 368 ± 42 μmol O2/100g/min, P = .69). OEF was lower in patients versus controls (27 ± 4 versus 35 ± 4%, P < .001), resulting in lower CMRO2 in patients versus controls (102 ± 24 versus 127 ± 20 μmol O2/100g/min, P = .002). After acetazolamide, CMRO2 declined further in patients (P < .01) and did not decline significantly in controls (P = .78), indicating that forcing higher CBF worsened oxygen utilization in SCD patients. This lower CMRO2 could reflect variation between healthy and unhealthy vascular beds in terms of dilatory capacity and resistance whereby dysfunctional vessels become more oxygen‐deprived, hence increasing the risk of localized ischemia.
Dried blood spots: Effects of less than optimal collection, shipping time, heat, and humidity
Authors: Crimmins Eileen M. , Zhang Yuan S. , Kim Jung Ki , Frochen Stephen , Kang Hyewon , Shim Hyunju , Ailshire Jennifer , Potter Alan , Cofferen Jake , Faul Jessica 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates how factors related to collection, storage, transport time, and environmental conditions affect the quality and accuracy of analyses of dried blood spot (DBS) samples.MethodsData come from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) DBS laboratory reports and the HRS merged with the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Global Historical Climate Network Daily (NCDC GHCN‐Daily) and the NCDC Local Climatological Data, by zip code. We ran regression models to examine the associations between assay values based on DBS for five analytes (total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and cystatin C) and the characteristics of DBS cards and drops, shipping time, and temperature, and humidity at the time of collection.ResultsWe found cholesterol measures to be sensitive to many factors including small spots, shipping time, high temperature and humidity. Small spots in DBS cards are related to lower values across all analytes. Longer DBS transit time before freezing is associated with lower values of total and HDL cholesterol and cystatin C. Results were similar whether or not venous blood sample values were included in equations.ConclusionsSmall spots, long shipping time, and exposure to high temperature and humidity need to be avoided if possible. Quality of spots and cards and information on shipping time and conditions should be coded with the data to make adjustments in values when necessary. The different results across analytes indicate that results cannot be generalized to all DBS assays.
Associations of alternative operationalizations of job strain with health and well‐being outcomes in the same multioccupational worker sample
Authors: Gómez Ortiz Viviola , González Andrea , Segura Sebastián 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe main goal of this study was to evaluate, in a large, occupationally diverse sample of Colombian workers, the association between alternative methods of operationalizing job strain and various health and well‐being measures using the original Job Content Instrument (Job Content Questionnaire). We examine whether the specific way job strain is operationalized can explains differing variance in the outcomes.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted using self‐report instruments. A total of 168 496 workers affiliated with the Colombian General System of Occupational Hazards answered a questionnaire that evaluated demographics, job demands and control, stress symptoms, general and mental health, vitality, job satisfaction, and diagnosis of hypertension. Hierarchical linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Seven different formulations of job strain were used as predictors.ResultsResults Differences in operationalization of job strain explained similar and significant percentages of variance in outcomes used in this study. Definition of job strain as cases found within the most extreme quartiles of high demands and low control explained more variance than alternative characterizations of job strain. Job strain definitions were predictive of hypertension, although did not explain additional variance in the model.ConclusionsThe effect of psychological demands and control on health and well‐being appears to be additive and not multiplicative. A definition of job strain that takes into account those most at risk in the sample appears have a better predictive value than alternative formulations.
Improved thin film stability of differently formulated, printed, and crosslinked polymer layers against successive solvent printing
Authors: Hibon Pauline , von Seggern Heinz , Tseng Hsin‐Rong , Leonhard Christoph , Hamburger Manuel , Béalle Gaëlle 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTInterface control remains a top challenge of solution‐processed organic light emitting diodes (OLED) stacks since the device performance heavily relies on it. Film stability of an inkjet deposited and crosslinked layer against subsequent exposure to a suitable inkjet printed solvent has been investigated. Impact of processing solvent (solvent used to prepare the polymer layer) on solution‐cast thin film properties has already been shown for polymer films. To our knowledge, this study is the first one analyzing thin films stability against solvent exposure using technology relevant materials processed via inkjet printing (IJP). The outcome of this research showed that the stability of the crosslinked films is affected by the solvent used for ink formulation. These findings are of great interest for multilayered semiconductors devices, such as OLEDs, field‐effect transistors and dye‐sensitized solar cells. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to quantify the efficiency of the polymer crosslinking reaction in pure powder and in thin films, as processed from different solvents. Crosslinking efficiency measured by DSC correlated well with the deformation induced by the solvent and observed on layer surfaces. The interaction in solution between polymer and solvent has also been evaluated to explain its impact on thin film stability against successive solvent printing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48895.
Aging effect of atmospheric pressure plasma jet treated polycaprolactone polymer solutions on electrospinning properties
Authors: Grande Silvia , Van Guyse Joachim , Nikiforov Anton Y. , Onyshchenko Iuliia , Asadian Mahtab , Morent Rino , Hoogenboom Richard , De Geyter Nathalie 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn previous work, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet was applied to successfully improve the electrospinnability of poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) which enabled the fabrication of beadless nanofibers. In this paper, we report the aging effect of the plasma treatment to evaluate the robustness of the developed process. For this purpose, plasma‐treated PCL polymer solutions with different exposure time were stored for 1 and 8 days and the aged solutions were analyzed in terms of conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, pH, and polymer molecular weight. During storage, the surface tension and acidity of the plasma‐treated solutions were maintained constant. However, the viscosity was found to be significantly lower after 8 days which was attributed to PCL degradation. Electrospinning of all stored PCL solutions resulted in the generation of beadless PCL nanofibers. The plasma treatment effects were thus found to be highly stable over time and capable of producing high‐quality PCL nanofibers up to 8 days. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48914.
Sustained release of CIP from TiO2‐PVDF/starch nanocomposite mats with potential application in wound dressing
Authors: Ansarizadeh Mohamadhasan , Haddadi Seyyed Arash , Amini Majed , Hasany Masoud , Ramazani SaadatAbadi Ahmad 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTElectrospinning is an economical and alluring method to fabricate wound dressing mats from a variety of natural and synthetic materials. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and starch composite mats containing ciprofloxacin (CIP) loaded on titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were prepared. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra of CIP, synthesized TiO2 NPs, TiO2/CIP, and PVDF/starch composite mats are analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the fiber diameter of PVDF nanofibers thickens by increasing starch, which varies between 180 nm and 550 nm. Strain at break of PVDF, starch, PVDF/starch (2:1 w:w; P2S1), PVDF/starch (1:1 w:w; P1S1), PVDF/starch (1:2 w:w; P1S2), and nanofibers were 103 ± 11, 3 ± 0.6, 27 ± 4, 52 ± 5.2, 7.7 ± 1%, respectively. Based on strain at break and young modulus, P2S1 was selected as a suitable candidate for wound dressing to which load TiO2/CIP as a bioactive agent. The release rate of CIP showed that about 40% of the drug is released in the first 2 days. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of dressings was investigated using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms and zones of clearance were obvious around the specimen on the agar plate. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48916.
Functionalized polystyrene maleic anhydride copolymer/ZnO nanocomposites for enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Simon Remya , Chakraborty Sohini , Konikkara Niketha , Mary N. L. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTNovel functionalized polymeric materials incorporated with metal oxide nanoparticles are of paramount importance in the field of supercapacitors. These materials provide the advantage of enhanced specific capacitance coupled with efficient energy storage characteristics. In the present study, a new electrode material has been prepared by modifying the polystyrene maleic anhydride copolymer with 4,4‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). Chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were incorporated into the polymer matrix at different weight percentages to form polymer nanocomposites (SMA–DDM–zinc oxide (SDZ)). The effect of increasing the weight percentage of nanoparticles on the modified copolymer was studied in details. The samples were characterized using ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. SDZ was drop casted on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode and the electrochemical properties were studied. Cyclic voltammetry studies were conducted at various scan rates, and the characteristic curves were observed to be pseudorectangular in nature. The specific capacitance values were measured using the chronopotentiometry technique. SDZ 15% nanocomposite shows an enhanced specific capacitance of 313 F g−1at a current density of 0.05 A g−1with a power density of 629 W kg−1. The superior performance of the SDZ nanocomposite electrodes renders it as a promising material for supercapacitor applications. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48945.
Preparation and properties of novel corn straw cellulose–based superabsorbent with water‐retaining and slow‐release functions
Authors: Wang Weishuai , Yang Shiqi , Zhang Aiping , Yang Zhengli 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn this study, novel semiinterpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) superabsorbent resins with slow‐release fertilizer (CSC‐g‐AA/APP, CSC‐g‐AA/PVA‐APP), based on corn straw cellulose polymer and linear polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were prepared by solution polymerization. The nitric acid‐aqueous solution method was adopted to extract cellulose from corn straw. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was introduced to supply nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. The prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, the water absorbency and the slow‐release performance of CSC‐g‐AA/APP and CSC‐g‐AA/PVA‐APP were studied. The results indicated that the two superabsorbent resins exhibited excellent water absorbency of 262.8 and 303.2 g/g in distilled water, enhanced the water‐holding capacity of soil, and also released nutrients slowly. The cumulative N and P release rates of CSC‐g‐AA/PVA‐APP were 64.47 and 53.53% after 25 days in soil, which were lower than those of CSC‐g‐AA/APP. The addition of these products into soil significantly reduced the leaching losses of nutrients. Therefore, it can be concluded that the superabsorbent resins with water‐retaining and slow‐release properties, low production costs, and environment‐friendly characteristics, have great potential for applications in agricultural production. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48951.
Realizing Superior Cycle Stability of a Ni‐Rich Layered LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 Cathode with a B2O3 Surface Modification
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhuang Weidong , Li Zhao , Wu Shuaijin , Li Ning , Gao Min , Li Wenjin , Wang Jiantao , Lu Shigang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNi‐rich cathode is considered a promising cathode for its high specific capacity. However, a sharp capacity attenuation induced by interface problems limits the application of the cathode material. Herein, we propose a practical surface modification strategy by introducing diboron trioxide (B2O3) to the surface of LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 (NCM) cathode materials. B2O3‐modified NCM shows superior cyclic stability with a capacity retention of 87.7 % at 1 C after 200 cycles in comparison to 69.4 % for a bare NCM. On the basis of material and electrochemical characterizations, we conclude that the superior cycle stability of B2O3‐modified NCM material benefits from the formation of B2O3 coating and B3+ doping on the surface. The B2O3 coating layer that is confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy can suppress surface side reactions and reduce the content of Li2CO3 on the surface. The B3+‐doping surface is verified by X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and triggers a reduction of a small amount of Ni3+ to Ni2+. Furthermore, the combination of surface B2O3 coating and B3+ doping inhibits the irreversible phase transitions and extension of microcracks in the NCM material. The above surface modification strategy provides a direction for the acquisition of long‐life cathode materials.
Complementary double‐stranded helical oligomers bearing achiral bifunctional groups that catalyze asymmetric aldol reaction
Authors: Taura Daisuke , Shimomura Kouhei , Ousaka Naoki , Yashima Eiji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo novel chiral dimer and trimer strands composed of m‐terphenyl groups linked through p‐diethynylbenzene units with the chiral amidine group and achiral piperazine group introduced at the terminus or center of the strands, respectively, and its complementary achiral carboxylic acid dimer and trimer were synthesized. The complementary chiral/achiral strands form an excess‐handed double‐helical structure as supported by intense split‐type Cotton effects in the absorption regions of the conjugated backbones biased by the chiral amidinium–carboxylate salt bridges. The double‐helical trimer was found to catalyze the direct aldol reaction of cyclohexanone with 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde and produce the products with a moderate enantioselectivity despite the fact that the catalytically active bifunctional piperazine/carboxylic acid pair introduced in the middle is achiral, indicating the key role of the one‐handed double‐helical framework for supramolecular bifunctional organocatalysis.
Nonlinear desorption activation energy from TPD curves: Analysis of the influence of initial values for the regression procedure
Authors: Pirola Carlo , Di Michele Alessandro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThermal programmed desorption (TPD) is a powerful technique for materials and catalysts characterization. By analyzing TPD curves, it is possible to calculate important parameters as the desorption activation energy,
E
d, that depends on the surface coverage (θ) by a nonlinear polynomial function, ie, . The Polanyi‐Wigner equation, , can be used as theoretical basis to calculate this parameter, by a fitting regression procedure starting from experimental TPD data. Different degrees (k) for this polynomial equation and different initial values of the frequency factor
A(θ) were considered and discussed to obtain the univocal value of desorption energy. Three different Pt and Co based catalysts, suitable for hydrogenation reactions, have been considered as case studies for the application and validation of the proposed calculation procedure.
Biomarker recommendation for PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy development in pediatric cancer based on digital image analysis of PD‐L1 and immune cells
Authors: Silva Manuel A , Triltsch Nicolas , Leis Simon , Kanchev Ivan , Tan Tze Heng , Van Peel Benjamine , Van Kerckhoven Marian , Deschoolmeester Vanessa , Zimmermann Johannes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy could offer an alternative to traditional chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy to treat pediatric cancer patients. To unveil the potential benefit of this new therapeutic approach, the prevalence of PD‐L1 and other relevant immune markers using quantitative digital image analysis (DIA) could help to clarify this point. A bridging study was first conducted using commercially available normal formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tonsils to compare immunostaining patterns and intensities from PD‐L1, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) markers CD3, CD8, FoxP3, CD45RO, and macrophage marker CD68 in adult (n = 5) and pediatric (n = 10) samples. Then, commercially available pediatric FFPE tumor samples from five prevalent pediatric solid tumor indications: ganglioneuroblastoma (n = 7); neuroblastoma (n = 23); nephroblastoma (n = 30); osteosarcoma (n = 24); and rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 25) were immunostained and their images (n = 654) digitally analyzed using predefined algorithms. The qualitative analysis of staining patterns and intensities in all 15 tonsils for all 6 biomarkers was similar regardless of age category. Quantitative DIA showed that PD‐L1 values varied across cancer‐types, nephroblastoma having the lowest counts. PD‐L1 counts in ganglioneuroblastoma, our pediatric indication with the highest average value, was approximately 12‐times lower than in a similar nonsmall cell lung cancer study, an indication approved for anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapies. Variable values were measured for the TIL markers CD3, CD8, and CD45RO. FoxP3 was scant across all indications. The macrophage marker CD68 showed highest values in ganglioneuroblastoma, with lowest levels in nephroblastoma. In conclusion, the low PD‐L1 levels uncorrelated with TIL values from the present biomarker morphological study suggest that a PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry patient selection strategy used for anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 monotherapy in adult tumors may not succeed in these pediatric indications.
Defining and managing patients with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: Sorting through type 1 vs other types
Authors: Cohen Marc , Visveswaran Gautam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdvances in cardiovascular (CV) imaging, redefined electrocardiogram criteria, and high‐sensitivity CV biomarker assays have enabled more differentiated etiological classification of myocardial infarction (MI). Type 1 MI has a different underlying pathophysiology than type 2 through type 5 MI; type 1 MI is characterized primarily by intracoronary atherothrombosis and the other types by a variety of mechanisms, which can occur with or without an atherosclerotic component. In type 2 MI, there is evidence of myocardial oxygen supply‐demand imbalance unrelated to acute coronary atherothrombosis. Types 1 and 2 MI are spontaneous events, while type 4 and type 5 are procedure‐related; type 3 MI is identified only after death. Most type 1 and type 2 MI present as non‐ST‐elevation MI (NSTEMI), although both types can also present as ST‐elevation MI. Because of their different underlying etiologies, type 1 and type 2 NSTEMI have different presentation and prognosis and should be managed differently. In this article, we discuss the epidemiology, prognosis, and management of NSTEMI occurring in the setting of underlying type 1 or type 2 pathophysiology. Most NSTEMI (65%–90%) are type 1 MI. Patients with type 2 MI have multiple comorbidities and causes of in‐hospital mortality among these patients are not always CV‐related. It is important to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 NSTEMI early in the clinical course to allow for the use of the most appropriate treatments that will provide the greatest benefit for these patients.
Positive ion speed at the plasma–sheath boundary of a negative ion‐emitting electrode
Authors: Pandey Avnish K. , Karkari Shantanu K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne‐dimensional fluid model for a planar sheath in front of a negative ion‐emitting electrode surface immersed in a collision‐less, non‐magnetized, electronegative plasma is presented. It was found that the positive ion speed at the plasma–sheath boundary (PSB) increases linearly with negative ion emission from the electrode but attains a saturation value as soon as a virtual cathode is formed near the electrode surface. The effect of negative ion emission on the pre‐sheath region shows that the potential drop increases across the pre‐sheath in accordance with the rise in positive ion speed at the PSB. The sheath width obtained using the present model shows a similar trend as the Child‐Langmuir law, but its magnitude is found to be consistently higher compared with a non‐emitting electrode. A plausible explanation has been given to explain these effects.