bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extract of grape seed enhances the growth performance, humoral and mucosal immunity, and resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Mehrinakhi Zohre , Ahmadifar Ehsan , Sheikhzadeh Najmeh , Moghadam Mohsen Shahriari , Dawood Mahmoud A.O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were distributed in four groups and fed diets with varying levels of GSE at 0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg for 56 days. The final length in fish fed with 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet significantly increased in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). The final weight and weight gain of fish fed with GSE were statistically higher than for the control diet, while the feed conversion ratio was lower in GSE groups than the control. Hematological parameters did not statistically improve with GSE supplemented diets (P>0.05). However, fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet displayed a significantly higher WBC count than the other group (P<0.05). The serum total protein and globulin in fish fed with 20 g GSE/kg diet significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.05). A similar pattern was noticed in results for serum and mucus lysozyme activity with a significant increase in fish fed with 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet compared to the control (P<0.05). Total antibody levels in serum and mucus samples were also increased in fish by dietary GSE with maximum levels by 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet. Besides, mucus protease activity was higher in fish that received 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet with maximum level shown in fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet compared to the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, all groups showed higher mucus antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila with the highest activity in 30 g GSE/kg diet in comparison with the control group. The cumulative mortality was 36.67% when fish were fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet and challenged with A. hydrophila. However, the mortality rate was 40% and 53.33% in fish fed 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet, respectively. This study suggests that supplementation of GSE could significantly enhance the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in common carp.
Effect of Dietary Sodium Acetate on Skin Mucus Immune Parameters and Expression of Gene Related to Growth, Immunity and Antioxidant System in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Intestine
Authors: Safari Roghieh , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Dadar Maryam , Nejadmoghaddam Shabnam , Van Doan Hien 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study investigated the possible effects of including salt of short chain fatty acid, sodium acetate (SA), on skin mucus immune parameters and immune, antioxidant and growth-related genes expression in common carp. There is little data available about the effective role of SA on immune, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of SA intake on these factors using common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as model organism. Two hundred and forty healthy common carps (mean weight = 15 ± 0.9 g) were supplied and randomly stocked into 12 fiberglass tanks 200 L (20 fish per tank) assigned to four treatments and triplicates. The study was performed in a completely randomized design. The treatments were feeding carps with experimental diets containing different levels (0.0 [control], 0.5, 1 and 2%) of SA. The skin mucus total immunoglobulin and total protein levels in fish fed 2% SA showed significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.05). Results showed a significant increase in the GH gene expression in 1 and 2% SA treatments (P<0.05). The carps fed the diet with 2% SA showed a significant increase in IGF-1 expression (P<0.05). The expression of GSTa, and GPX (antioxidant genes) revealed a significant increase in the GSTa (fish fed SA at 1% and 2% levels) and GPX gene expression with fish fed 2% SA (P<0.05). Supplementation of fish diet with SA induced a slight elevation in the intestine of all immune-related genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL8 and Lyz) compared to the control group (P>0.05). However, Lyz gene was significantly up-regulated in 1 or 2% SA treatments. These results confirmed beneficial effects of SA as a feed additive in common carp culture.
Frequency of BMP15 and GDF9 mutations increasing litter size and their phenotypic effects in Olkuska sheep population
Authors: Drobik-Czwarno Wioleta , Martyniuk Elżbieta , Nowak-Życzyńska Zuzanna , Kaczor Urszula , Kucharski Mirosław 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Two mutations affecting the ovulation rate and litter size are segregating in Olkuska sheep population, FecXO in the BMP15 gene, and the G7 site mutation in GDF9 gene. Homozygous carriers of both mutations are hyperprolific, contrary to the sterility observed in homozygous carriers of most other BMP15 and GDF9 mutations. The objective of this study was to assess frequency and phenotypic effects of both mutations. Blood samples were obtained from 740 individuals, 111 rams and 629 ewes, out of which 91 rams and 561 ewes were successfully genotyped for the BMP15 and GDF9 loci. The reproductive performance included a number of lambs born/born alive and a number of lambs reared until 60 days of age, and for a subset of ewe ovulation rates. The study proved a high frequency of the FecXO mutation in two flocks that have been selected for many years for increased litter size (0.7–1.0 in breeding ewes and rams respectively), and a moderate frequency in another 19 private flocks (0.4–0.5). The frequency of the GDF9 mutation was low, with only 50 sheep out of 312 genotyped being carriers of the GDF9/G7 mutation, including three homozygous carriers. The FecXO mutation in the BMP15 had a significant effect on both litter size and the ovulation rate. The single copy in heterozygous carriers increased litter size by 0.255 (0.063), while the effect of two copies in homozygous genotypes was +0.874 (0.081) lambs born. Due to the low frequency of the GDF9 mutation, it can only be preliminarily concluded that litter size has been increased in double carriers of both the BM15 and GDF9 mutation, which may suggest their additive interaction. The positive effect of both mutations supports their direct use in selection programmes.
Is contamination of bovine-sourced material with bovine viral diarrhea virus still a problem in countries with ongoing eradication campaigns?
Authors: Antos Aleksandra , Rola Jerzy , Bednarski Michał , Krzysiak Michał Konrad , Kęsik-Maliszewska Julia , Larska Magdalena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this report, we describe the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) contamination in commercial animal-derived sera and vaccines against animal viral pathogens on the market in Poland. Antibodies against BVDV were detected in 4/45 sera samples (8.9%) using an ELISA test. The presence of BVDV antigen was found using ELISA in 3/45 serum samples (6.6%) and 18/172 vaccine samples (10.5%). An RT -PCR was conducted using primers targeting two genome regions, the five prime untranslated region (5’UTR) and N-terminal protease (Npro). BVDV RNA was detected in 33/45 (73.3%) of sera, and 11/172 samples (6.4%) of collected vaccines, of which one vaccine did not declare BVDV strain in its composition. A single serum showed the presence of an infectious virus and only one was contaminated with all 3 species of BVDV. The most frequent species in sera was BVDV-3 (75.5%), whereas in vaccines only BVDV-1 was identified. Sequence analysis showed that the tested commercial sera and one vaccine were contaminated by six genotypes of BVDV: -1a, -1b, -1c, -1d, -2a, and -3. Identification of BVDV and its genetic material in animal-derived products is important due to the possibility of pestivirus transmission as well as the chance of falsifying the results of a diagnostic test. It also demonstrates the necessity of rigorous monitoring of the bioproducts used at the laboratory and industry level.
Composition of Volatile Compounds in Heat-Treated Meat from Polish Native Sheep Breeds Using HS-SPME-GC/MS – Chemometric Classification Based on Breed and Age
Authors: Gąsior Robert , Kawęcka Aldona , Wojtycza Krzysztof , Sikora Jacek 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In order to characterize the volatile compounds composition of lamb meat, 3 groups of baked leg muscle samples from two Polish native sheep breeds: Świniarka aged 9 months (S9), Wrzosówka aged 9 months (W9), and Wrzosówka aged 7 months (W7), were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC/MS, followed by multivariate statistics comprising the F-ratio method for variables pre-selection, and PCA-LDA analysis. Ninety seven volatile compounds were determined, out of which 74 were identified. The largest classes of volatile compounds were aldehydes and furans followed by alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones, and sulfur and nitrogen compounds. Statistically significant differences between the S9, W9, and W7 groups were observed for 11 volatiles, i.e.: pentanal; hexanal; 1,3-octadiene; benzaldehyde; 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene; 3-octen-2-one; 2-octenal; 2-hexylfuran; tetradecanal; pentadecanal; hexadecanal. The HS-SPME-GC/MS method coupled with chemometrics, based on the relative intensity spectral data of these volatiles, proved to be an effective tool for the discrimination of lambs according to breed and age. The classification accuracy value for the S9, W9, and W7 groups was 100%.
Effects of dietary pomegranate peel meal on the growth performance, blood indices, and innate immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Avazeh Amin , Adel Milad , Shekarabi Seyed Pezhman Hosseini , Emamadi Hossein , Dawood Mahmoud A.O. , Omidi Amir Hossein , Bavarsad Meysam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed at evaluating the influences of pomegranate peel meal on the growth performance, hematology, and blood biochemistry of rainbow trout. Fish were fed 5 varying levels of pomegranate peel meal (0%, 1%, 2 %, 3%, and 4%) for 60 days. The obtained results showed that weight gain was significantly higher in fish fed at the rate of 1% than the other groups, while specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly increased in fish fed 1% and followed by the ration of 2% (P<0.05). SGR of fish fed at the rate of 4% revealed the lowest value among the groups (P<0.05). However, feed conversion ratio displayed the lowest values in fish fed at the rate of 1% or 2%, while the highest value was observed in fish fed at the rate of 4% (P<0.05). The survival rate was increased by the rate of 1% in relation to the control without differences with the other groups (P<0.05). Red blood cells were significantly higher in fish fed at the rate of 0%, 1%, and 2% than fish fed at the rate of 3% and 4%. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were increased by feeding pomegranate meal at the rate of 1% compared to the other groups, while fish fed the control diet displayed higher Hb and HCT levels than fish fed at the rate of 2%, 3%, and 4% (P<0.05). White blood cells displayed significant differences among the groups and increased by increasing the level of pomegranate meal in the diet. The blood total protein was decreased in fish fed 2%, 3%, and 4% compared to fish fed at the rate of 0% and 1% of pomegranate meal. The glucose value displayed the highest level in fish fed at the rate of 3% of pomegranate meal compared to the other groups. The triglycerides were reduced by pomegranate meal at the rate of 2% than 3% and 4% without differences with the control and 1%. The blood total cholesterol was reduced in fish fed at the rate of 1% of pomegranate meal compared to the other groups (P<0.05). The blood IgM and complement components (C3 and C4) were increased by increasing the supplementation level of pomegranate meal with the highest value in fish fed at the rate of 3% (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary pomegranate meal at the rate of 1% is recommended for enhancing the growth rate and health status of rainbow trout.
Existence results of ψ-Hilfer integro-differential equations with fractional order in Banach space
Authors: Almalahi Mohammed A. , Panchal Satish K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this article we present the existence and uniqueness results for fractional integro-differential equations with ψ-Hilfer fractional derivative. The reasoning is mainly based upon different types of classical fixed point theory such as the Mönch fixed point theorem and the Banach fixed point theorem. Furthermore, we discuss E
α -Ulam-Hyers stability of the presented problem. Also, we use the generalized Gronwall inequality with singularity to establish continuous dependence and uniqueness of the δ-approximate solution.
A Weighted Eigenvalue Problems Driven by both p(·)-Harmonic and p(·)-Biharmonic Operators
Authors: Laghzal Mohamed , Khalil Abdelouahed El , Touzani Abdelfattah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The existence of at least one non-decreasing sequence of positive eigenvalues for the problem driven by both p(·)-Harmonic and p(·)-biharmonic operators

Δ

p

(
x
)

2

u
-

Δ

p

(
x
)

u
=
λ
w

(
x
)

|
u
|

q

(
x
)

-
2

u

in

Ω
,

u
∈

W

2
,
p

(
⋅
)

(
Ω
)

∩

W

0

-
1
,
p

(
⋅
)

(
Ω
)

,

\eqalign{& \Delta _{p\left( x \right)}^2u - {\Delta _{p\left( x \right)}}u = \lambda w\left( x \right){\left| u \right|^{q\left( x \right) - 2}}u\,\,\,{\rm{in}}\,\,\Omega {\rm{,}} \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,u \in {W^{2,p\left( \cdot \right)}}\left( \Omega \right) \cap W_0^{ - 1,p\left( \cdot \right)}\left( \Omega \right), \cr}

is proved by applying a local minimization and the theory of the generalized Lebesgue-Sobolev spaces Lp

(·)(Ω) and Wm,p

(·)(Ω).
Deformations of Metrics and Biharmonic Maps
Authors: Benkartab Aicha , Cherif Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We construct biharmonic non-harmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds (M, g) and (N, h) by first making the ansatz that φ:(M, g) → (N, h) be a harmonic map and then deforming the metric on N by

h
˜

α

=
α
h
+

(

1
-
α

)

d
f
⊗
d
f

{\tilde h_\alpha } = \alpha h + \left( {1 - \alpha } \right){\rm{d}}f \otimes {\rm{d}}f

to render φ biharmonic, where f is a smooth function with gradient of constant norm on (N, h) and α ∈ (0, 1). We construct new examples of biharmonic non-harmonic maps, and we characterize the biharmonicity of some curves on Riemannian manifolds.
Reconciliation of discrete and continuous versions of some dynamic inequalities synthesized on time scale calculus
Authors: Sahir Muhammad Jibril Shahab 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to synthesize discrete and continuous versions of some dynamic inequalities such as Radon’s Inequality, Bergström’s Inequality, Schlömilch’s Inequality and Rogers-Hölder’s Inequality on time scales in comprehensive form.
Comparison of physico-chemical characteristics of myrtle at different ripening stages
Authors: Kui Xiaohua , Li Min , Yang Hongjuan , Tadda Abubakar Shehu , Sun Yueting , Ma Cuilan , Tang Songlin , Lin Junjie , Qiu Dongliang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The fruits of myrtle at different stages of development, namely green (G), colour break (C) and mature (M), were used to investigate the changes of fruit quality and anthocyanin composition during its development. Five anthocyanin components, such as delphinidin (Dp), cyanidin (Cy), pelargonidin (Pg), peonidin (Pn) and malvidin (Mv), were detected. Among them, the content of Dp glucoside was the highest (2.12 μg · g−1) and the content of Pn glucoside was the lowest (0.17 μg · g−1) at the green stage. The content of Cy glucoside was the highest (120.94 and 1,200.03 μg · g−1), and the content of Mv glucoside was the lowest (19.50 and 62.72 μg · g−1) at the colour break and mature stages. The single fruit weight, vertical diameter and transverse diameter at the mature stage were significantly higher than those at the colour break and the green stages by 0.87 g, 1.27 mm, 1.53 mm and 1.54 g, 3.4 mm, 3.55 mm, respectively. Fruit quality, the contents of soluble sugar and carotenoids, gradually increased with the development of fruit; and the contents were the highest at the mature stage (17.68% and 16.90 μg · L−1). The contents of titratable acidity, total phenol, flavonoids, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll gradually decreased with the development of fruit, the content was the lowest at the mature stage (2.71 mmol · 100 g−1, 9.29 μg · g−1, 0.1%, 0.37 μg · L−1, 0.9 μg · L−1) and the content was the highest at the green stage (5.25 mmol · 100 g−1, 21.07 μg · g−1, 0.17%, 8.86 μg · L−1, 15.47 μg · L−1). The difference between the green period and the colour break period was significant.
Refugees welcome, but not in my backyard? The impact of immigration on right-wing voting: evidence from Germany
Authors: Jasny Johannes , Becker Tilman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article studies whether immigration in voter’s neighborhoods is a driving factor of the rise of Germany’s major right-wing party Alternative fuer Deutschland (AFD) and the decline of Angela Merkel’s center ruling party the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). We use the 2015 refugee crisis as a natural experiment to study the short-run impact of refugee presence on the voting behavior in German municipalities. This is the first study to use a spatial econometric framework combining small-scale immigration data, election data, and a set of socioeconomic factors. Our main finding states that the local immigration boosted AFD votes but did not affect CDU votes directly. Instead, in regions that perceived immigration indirectly, that is in neighboring municipalities, the CDU gained fewer votes.
Assessment of Land - Use Change Effects on Future Beekeeping Suitability Via CA-Markov Prediction Model
Authors: Sari Fatih 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, landuse changes in the Muğla province were determined and future Land Use Cover Change (LUCC) maps were predicted. Because Muğla accounts for 90% of pine honey production in the world, the study area has vital importance for the Turkish (also for other countries) beekeeping sector and this importance reveals the necessity of both monitoring and predicting the LUCC of Muğla in future. This study demonstrates a combined CA-Markov land use change model and beekeeping suitability analysis via Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to predict the future of beekeeping suitability in Muğla in the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) platform. 2006 and 2012 LUCC maps were used to predict the 2018 LUCC, and transition probabilities between land cover classes were analyzed. A recent 2018 LUCC map was used to demonstrate accuracy analysis of the predicted 2018 LUCC map. Considering the 0.96 Kappa accuracy, a good fit was determined and the CA-Markov model was used to predict the 2025, 2030, 2040 and 2050 LUCC maps. Moreover, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), beekeeping suitability assessment was generated. The results indicate that there will be a considerable increase in the urban areas and decrease in grasslands in the future. Related to this, the suitable areas will be decreased by 50 km2 and non-suitable areas will be increased by 76 km2 from 2018 to 2050. The study simulated the beekeeping suitability to guide beekeepers and local authorities towards a better understanding of the reasons for decreasing suitability and developing urgent land use management systems.
Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema Following the Use of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Medium: A Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Chilan , Pham Tho 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema can be life threatening and requires prompt treatment. While gadolinium-based contrast is generally considered safe with a low risk of severe side effects, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema has become increasingly recognised as a rare, but possibly life-threatening complication. We present a case of a usually well, young 23-year-old female who developed non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema with a moderate oxygenation impairment and no mucosal or cutaneous features of anaphylaxis following the administration of gadolinium-based contrast. She did not respond to treatment of anaphylaxis but made a rapid recovery following the commencement of positive pressure ventilation. Our case highlights the importance of recognising the rare complication of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema following gadolinium-based contrast administration in order to promptly implement the appropriate treatment.
Religion als Anreiz für Kooperation
Authors: von der Leyen Victoria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Might religion function as an incentive for cooperation? This article defends that religion is an incentive for cooperation from both an evolutionary perspective (based on game-theoretical models) and a philosophical perspective. Religion (defined as god-fearing behavior) can be described as evolutionary advantageous since one refrained from actions perceived as immoral and contrary to God’s will. Under the assumption that god-fearing behavior is equal to cooperative behavior, god-fearing behavior is a corrective for ethical failure. However, even today religion can function as a corrective for ethical failure: religion can dissolve the contrast between morality and self-interest by promoting one’s ability to see an intrinsic value in cooperative, moral behavior.
Performance Analysis of Gough Stewart Platform with 6 Limbs
Authors: Chandrashekhar A. , Satish Babu G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper concentrates on widespread study of parallel manipulator. It focuses on optimal designing of manipulator which has a large number of application fields. Optimal design is an important criterion to improve the accuracy of a robot. Through optimal design a robot can achieve isotropic configurations where the condition number of its jacobian matrix equals one. In this we are also concentrating on transmission index and stiffness index along with their plots, which can affect the kinetostatic performance of the robot. In this the singularity of Gough Stewart platform is also studied.
Unique Information about Lubricants
Authors: Voinov Kirill N. , Esbulatova Altyn Z. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The positive and negative properties/characteristics of liquid and plastic lubricants are presented here in brief. General aim: to show the ways to improve the positive role of lubricants for mobile junctions, namely, for pairs of friction. At the same time, there are two devices which are represented to make the effective control both the quality and viscosity for lubricant as well. And the new very important effect with the organic lubricant was discovered. It is the electro-magnet property which helps to keep organic lubricant in a zone of friction constantly.
Experimental Study of Spot Weld Parameters in Resistance Spot Welding Process
Authors: Habib Lebbal , Ahmed Reffas S. , Habib Berrekia , Guagliano Mario 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Resistance spot welding is a comparatively clean and efficient welding process that is widely used in sheet metal joining. This process involves electrical, thermal and mechanical interactions. Resistance spot welding primarily takes place by localized melting at the interface of the sheets followed by its quick solidification under sequential control of water cooled electrode pressure and flow of required electric current for certain duration. In this experimental work the tensile tests and the spot weld diameter were studied. The objectives of this analysis is to understand the physics of the process and to show the influence of the electrical current, weld time and the type material in resistance spot welding process.