bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciliation and the Representation of Indigenous Peoples in Introductory Sociology Textbooks
Authors: Carroll Michael P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Truth and Reconciliation Commission has indicated that education has a central role to play in the reconciliation process. This article assesses how well sociology is doing in this regard by looking at what introductory textbooks say about three topics: (1) residential schools, (2) Indigenous “religion;” and (3) the social construction of Indigenous identities. The findings are mixed. While most textbooks mention the “loss of culture” and the abuse associated with those schools, discussions of intergenerational trauma could be much improved. Discussions of Indigenous religion are still guided by a Western model that has long been regarded as inappropriate to Indigenous cultures. All textbooks ignore the ways in which Indigenous identities are socially constructed and how this is linked to the dramatic growth of the Indigenous population over the last several decades. A concluding section draws upon the work of Indigenous scholars in suggesting ways of decolonizing textbooks.
The Linguistic Continuity of Ontario's Minority Francophone Population: Examining the Relationship between Culture and Linguistic Practices
Authors: Nault Jean‐François 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite decades of policy aimed at the maintenance of Francophone communities in Ontario, the proportion of individuals with French as a mother tongue or who speak French most often at home has steadily declined. Research on language retention has highlighted the importance of sociodemographic and structural factors in understanding minority language practices. However, given the relationship between culture and action, this paper examines how cultural factors contribute to Franco‐Ontarians’ linguistic practices. Results indicate that beyond couple composition and the concentration of minority‐language speakers, cultural factors including identity, cultural consumption, and values play an instrumental role in Franco‐Ontarians’ linguistic continuity. The importance of considering linguistic continuity as part of a “package” of cultural practices is discussed.
Cerebellar ataxia with normal intellect associated with a homozygous truncating variant in CA8
Authors: Richmond Christopher M. , Leventer Richard , Ryan Monique M. , Delatycki Martin B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiallelic pathogenic variants in CA8 cause cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and dysequilibrium syndrome 3 (CAMRQ3), a rare form of hereditary ataxia characterised by cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy, variable intellectual disability and often quadrupedal gait. The few cases reported in the medical literature are all caused by pathogenic homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants in CA8. We report a 9 year‐old boy with marked gross motor delay, ataxia and progressive cerebellar atrophy with limited bipedal gait, but without intellectual disability. Singleton whole exome sequencing was performed. A novel homozygous truncating variant in CA8 (c.232C>T) with a predicted premature termination codon at position 78 (p.Arg78*) was identified. Both parents and the proband's healthy sister are heterozygous for the variant. This variant is likely pathogenic and the cause of the condition in this child. Functional evidence in the form of a spontaneous mouse model involving homozygous intragenic deletion of the mouse analogue of CA8 with nonsense‐mediated decay and similar clinical features to the proband support pathogenicity. Identification of this truncating variant broadens the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of CA8‐related cerebellar ataxia.
Incidence and prevalence of peri‐implantitis and peri‐implant mucositis 17 to 23 (18.9) years postimplant placement
Authors: Krebs Mischa , Kesar Nikolina , Begić Amira , von Krockow Nadine , Nentwig Georg‐Hubertus , Weigl Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the prevalence of peri‐implantitis (PI) and peri‐implant mucositis (PM) in a long‐term follow‐up with comparison among different PI and PM definitions, and to report on the incidence of PI.Materials and MethodsIn a retrospective clinical study five different PI and PM definitions were applied onto a population with 274 implants 17 to 23 years postimplant placement. Recommendations by the Eighth European Workshop on Periodontology (EWOP) were used as base reference. Clinical and radiological measurements were considered. Risk factors were evaluated in a regression analysis.ResultsAfter an average observation period of 18.9 years, 40.1% of the implants were diagnosed with PM and 15.0% with PI (Eighth EWOP). PI incidence reached 7.9% on implant level and 13.2% on patient level. Implants diagnosed with PI and progressive bone loss displayed exceptionally vertical bone defect configuration (BDC). Diabetes mellitus, smoking, regular maintenance, or a former periodontal infection did not show significant influence on the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases. Patients with bruxism displayed significantly less PM and PI.ConclusionsVertical BDC seems to correspond with active PI, wherefore we estimate such a defining factor of importance. Diagnosis of PM and evaluation of probing pocket depths might be only of descriptive interest as they could lead to false‐positive results.
Odors Can Serve as Landmarks in Human Wayfinding
Authors: Hamburger Kai , Knauff Markus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScientists have shown that many non‐human animals such as ants, dogs, or rats are very good at using smells to find their way through their environments. But are humans also capable of navigating through their environment based on olfactory cues? There is not much research on this topic, a gap that the present research seeks to bridge. We here provide one of the first empirical studies investigating the possibility of using olfactory cues as landmarks in human wayfinding. Forty subjects participated in a piloting study to determine the olfactory material for the main experiment. Then, 24 subjects completed a wayfinding experiment with 12 odors as orientation cues. Our results are astonishing: Participants were rather good at what we call “odor‐based wayfinding.” This indicates that the ability of humans to use olfactory cues for navigation is often underestimated. We discuss two different cognitive explanations and rule out the idea that our results are just an instance of sequential learning. Rather, we argue that humans can enrich their cognitive map of the environment with olfactory landmarks and may use them for wayfinding.
AS1411 aptamer modified carbon dots via polyethylenimine‐assisted strategy for efficient targeted cancer cell imaging
Authors: Kong Tingting , Zhou Ronghui , Zhang Yujun , Hao Liying , Cai Xiaoxiao , Zhu Bofeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesCarbon dots (CDs), as a fascinating class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials, have been proven to be powerful tools in the field of bioimaging and biosensing due to their small size, suitable photostability and favourable biocompatibility. However, the cellular uptake of free CDs lacks selectivity and the same negative charges as cell membranes may cause inefficient cell internalization. In this study, an efficient detecting and targeting nanosystem was developed based on the DNA aptamer AS1411 modified CDs with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as connecting bridge.Materials and methodsHydrothermally prepared CDs were assembled with positive‐charged PEI, followed by conjugation with AS1411 through electrostatic interaction to form CDs‐PEI‐AS1411 nanocomplexes. The CDs, CDs‐PEI and CDs‐PEI‐AS1411 were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, UV–vis spectra, zeta potential measurements and capillary electrophoresis characterizations. The cytotoxicity investigation of the CDs‐PEI‐AS1411 and CDs‐PEI in both MCF‐7 and L929 cells was carried out by the CCK‐8 assay. The cellular uptake of the CDs‐PEI‐AS1411 was studied with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.ResultsThe as‐prepared nanosystem possessed good photostability and no obvious cytotoxicity. On the basis of the confocal laser scanning microscope observation and the flow cytometry studies, the cellular uptake of CDs‐PEI‐AS1411 nanosystem in MCF‐7 cells was significantly higher than that of L929 cells, which revealed the highly selective detection ability of nucleolin‐positive cells.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated that the CDs‐PEI‐AS1411 nanosystem had a potential value in cancer cell targeted imaging.
Continuous‐flow mechanical circulatory support is not associated with early graft failure: An analysis of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation registry
Authors: Clerkin Kevin J. , Mancini Donna M. , Stehlik Josef , Cherikh Wida S. , Lund Lars H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundContinuous‐flow mechanical circulatory support (CF‐MCS) is associated with impaired vascular function and increased risk of vasoplegia. One contributing factor to early graft failure (EGF) is severe vasoplegia. We tested the hypothesis that CF‐MCS is associated with increased risk of EGF.MethodsAdult primary heart transplant recipients in the ISHLT Registry from 2005 to 2013 were stratified into three groups based on pre‐transplant MCS: No MCS (n = 11 748), pulsatile (P)‐MCS (n = 718), and CF‐MCS (n = 3818). EGF was defined as death/retransplantation due to graft failure within 30 days after HT. Comparisons were made using descriptive statistics and associations. EGF was assessed with multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsThe incidence of EGF within 30 days was similar between groups (No MCS 2.2%, P‐MCS 3.3%, CF‐MCS 2.1%, P = .10). Following multivariable adjustment, the risk of EGF was not statistically different for those with CF‐MCS compared with P‐MCS (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.46‐1.21, P = .24). The risk of EGF was numerically, but not statistically significantly higher for CF‐MCS compared with No MCS (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.92‐1.67, P = .16).ConclusionCF‐MCS use was not associated with a statistically significant increased risk of EGF resulting in death or retransplantation in the first 30 days after transplant.
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers are vulnerable to bloodstream infection after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Takemura Yusuke , Hibi Taizo , Shinoda Masahiro , Obara Hideaki , Minagawa Takuya , Kitago Minoru , Yagi Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Matsubara Kentaro , Oshima Go , Hori Shutaro , Hoshino Ken , Yamada Yohei , Itano Osamu , Takano Yaoko , Kuroda Tatsuo , Hasegawa Naoki , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBloodstream infection (BSI) is a life‐threatening complication after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We aimed to explore the incidence and predisposing factors of BSI at our institution.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis on all consecutive adults with BSI within 6 months after LDLT performed between 2005 and 2016. For antimicrobial prophylaxis, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefotaxime, and micafungin were administered. From 2011, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers were decolonized using mupirocin ointment and chlorhexidine gluconate soap. Risk factors for BSI were identified by uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOf a total of 106 LDLTs, 42 recipients (40%) suffered BSI. The BSI group demonstrated significantly higher in‐hospital mortality rates compared with the non‐BSI group (24% vs. 7%, P = .01). We identified MRSA carrier (odds ratio [OR], 19.1; P < .001), ABO incompatibility (OR, 2.9; P = .03), and estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73m2 (OR, 15.8; P = .02) as independent risk factors for BSI. Decolonization treatment for MRSA carriers did not reduce the incidence of all‐cause BSI but reduced the frequency of BSI caused by MRSA.ConclusionTo our knowledge, for the first time, MRSA carriers were revealed to be highly vulnerable to BSI after LDLT.
Dosage Regimens for Meropenem in Children with Pseudomonas Infections Do Not Meet Serum Concentration Targets
Authors: Hassan Hazem E. , Ivaturi Vijay , Gobburu Jogarao , Green Thomas P. 
Published: November 2019

There have been literature reports that some recommended meropenem dosage regimens may fail to meet therapeutic targets in some high‐risk children and adults. We evaluated this observation in children using literature studies conducted in infants and children. Observed and, as necessary, simulated data from the literature were combined, yielding a data set of 288 subjects (1 day to ~ 17 years). A population pharmacokinetic model was fit to the data and then used to simulate the recommended dosing regimens and estimate the proportion of subjects achieving recommended target exposures. A two‐compartment model best fit the data with weight, postnatal age, gestational age, and serum creatinine as covariates. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved dosing regimens achieved targets in ~ 90% or more of subjects less than 3 months of age for organisms with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)'s of 2 and 4 mg/L; however, only 68.4% and 41.7% of subjects older than 3 months and weighing < 50 kg achieved target exposures for organisms with MIC's of 2 and 4 mg/L, respectively [Correction added on January 23, 2020, after first online publication: "> 3 months" corrected to "less than 3 months".]. Moreover, for subjects weighing more than 50 kg, only 41.3% and 17% achieved these respective targets. Simulation studies were used to explore the impact of changing dose, dosing interval, and infusion duration on the likelihood of achieving therapeutic targets in these groups. Our findings illustrate that current dosing recommendations for children over 3 months of age fail to meet therapeutic targets in an unacceptable fraction of patients. Further investigation is needed to develop new dosing strategies in these patients.
A Network Meta‐Analysis of Efficacy of Different Interventions in the Prevention of Postoperative Intrauterine Adhesions
Authors: Xiong Qian , Zhang Tiansong , Su Shujun 
Published: November 2019

This network meta‐analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy of six interventions, including anti‐blocking agents, intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs), estrogens, intrauterine balloon, Foley catheter, and amnion graft for the prevention of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs). We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2016. Cohort studies meeting these six interventions in the prevention of IUAs were included. The combination of direct and indirect evidence was conducted to assess the odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean differences and surface under the cumulative ranking curves of the six interventions in the prevention of postoperative IUAs. Finally, 12 eligible cohort studies were included in this network meta‐analysis. The results of this network meta‐analysis demonstrated that during 1 to 2 months after operation, compared with the surgical group, anti‐blocking agent, and estrogens presented with relatively low ratios of postoperative IUAs (OR = 0.30 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10–0.67; OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.01–0.78, respectively). Compared with IUDs, estrogens exerted comparatively low ratio of postoperative IUAs (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.01–0.90), which indicated that anti‐blocking agent and estrogens had relatively better prevention efficacy. The cluster analysis showed that estrogens had relatively better efficacy in the prevention postoperative IUAs. Overall, our findings support that estrogens had relatively better efficacy in the prevention of postoperative IUAs.
Melanocytic aggregates with unique morphology associated with regression of basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Jackson Christopher R. , Sriharan Aravindhan , Momtahen Shabnam , Seidel Gregory D. , Felty Cameron C. , Ruby Kristen N. , Yan Shaofeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous regression of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) is a well‐documented phenomenon. In practice, we have observed melanocytic aggregates associated with BCC at various stages of regression showing unique morphologic features. MethodsFourteen cases featuring melanocytic aggregates were retrospectively identified through a pathology database search. Clinical and histopathologic features were systematically evaluated, and additional immunohistochemical studies were performed. Melanocyte density within tumor nodules was compared to a group of control BCCs.ResultsAll cases showed BCC at various stages of regression with associated melanocytic aggregates, as highlighted by Melan‐A and SOX10 immunostains. Three of 14 cases (21.4%) had only dermal melanocytic nests, while 11 (78.6%) had both junctional and dermal nests. The melanocytic aggregates all had similar asymmetrical architecture and lacked maturation. The melanocytes were small, uniform, bland, and had minimal cytoplasm. Their nuclei were overlapping and hyperchromatic, and had inconspicuous nucleoli. None of the melanocytic aggregates stained for BRAFV600E by immunohistochemistry. No patient developed a recurrent or metastatic melanocytic lesion (median follow‐up 42 months). Melanocyte density was higher in the case series than in the control BCCs (P = 0.0008).ConclusionWe described the unique morphology of melanocytic aggregates associated with BCC regression.
917. CORETHROGYNE FILAGINIFOLIA
Authors: Hind Nicholas 
Published: November 2019

SummaryCorethrogyne filaginifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. (Compositae: Astereae: Machaerantherinae) is illustrated and described. The full synonymy of this monospecific North American genus is provided together with the location of known type material and relevant comments made where applicable. The Conservation Status of the species is considered LC (Least Concern), as previous listings in California are shown to refer to Corethrogyne filaginifolia (Hook. & Arn.) var. incana (Lindl.) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman, which is now considered a synonym of the rather variable Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nutt. The taxonomic placement of Diplopappus incanus Lindl. is discussed, and a synonymy has been provided for Dieteria canescens subsp. canescens var. incana (Lindl.) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman, of which it is the basionym. The location of the probable holotype of Diplopappus leucophyllus Lindl. ex DC. is discussed, together with the relevance of material mounted on a Kew sheet.
919. ANTHEMIS MARSCHALLIANA
Authors: Hind Nicholas , Broome Jeremy 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAnthemis marschalliana Willd. (Compositae: Anthemideae: Anthemidinae) is described and illustrated, a full synonymy provided and its present taxonomic position discussed, especially the choice of this as the current name, and not Archanthemis marschalliana (Willd.) Lo Presti & Oberpr. The type collections of the accepted name and one synonym are compared as both honour the same person, Marschall von Bieberstein. Cultivation requirements are also outlined, with some commentary on the pests that are sometimes an issue. Cultivation and propagation requirements are outlined, and the availability of the species noted.
920. CONSTANCEA NEVINII
Authors: Hind Nicholas , Strange Kit 
Published: November 2019

SummaryConstancea nevinii (A. Gray) B.G. Baldwin (Compositae: Heliantheae: Baeriinae) is described and illustrated. The distribution of the species in, and a glimpse at the history and endemic flora of, the California Channel Islands (also known as the Santa Barbara Islands), together with the conservation threats posed by feral goats, is outlined. The historically variable Conservation Status is commented on, although the species is no longer considered under threat of extinction. The position of this monotypic genus in the Heliantheae is commented on. Cultivation, propagation, and availability notes are provided. The species is rarely cultivated in the United Kingdom, but clearly widely so in the western States along the Californian coast.
Artificial neural network model to distinguish pleomorphic adenoma from adenoid cystic carcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Kapatia Gargi , Dey Pranab , Saikia Uma Nahar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo differentiate pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is often challenging to cytologists.AimsIn the present study, we tried to make an artificial neural network (ANN) model from the FNAC smears to differentiate PA from ACC.MethodsThe detailed cytomorphological features were analysed on the FNAC of histopathology proven cases of PA (n = 35) and ACC (n = 33) and enumerated semi‐quantitatively by two independent observers. These data were used to make an ANN model to distinguish PA from ACC on FNAC material. We used neuro‐intelligence software to build the ANN model. The network architecture was 10‐2‐1. The heuristic search engine was applied to have this model. We used backpropagation neural network to teach ANN. At least 500 iterations were done to train the model. The efficacy of this ANN model was assessed with the help of the confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultThe data were separated automatically by the software as a training set (n = 48), validation set (n = 10) and test set (n = 10). The ANN model was able to differentiate every case (10/10) of PA and ACC in the final test set. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 1.ConclusionThe currently built ANN model is competent to identify PA and ACC cases on FNAC. Additional parameters and new cases can be incorporated into this open‐ended ANN model to make it more robust.
Is there an increased risk of perinatal mental disorder in women with gestational diabetes? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wilson C. A. , Newham J. , Rankin J. , Ismail K. , Simonoff E. , Reynolds R. M. , Stoll N. , Howard L. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimGestational diabetes (GDM) and mental disorder are common perinatal morbidities and are associated with adverse maternal and child outcomes. While there is a relationship between type 2 diabetes and mental disorder, the relationship between GDM and mental disorder has been less studied. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the prevalence of mental disorders in women with GDM and their risk for mental disorders compared with women without GDM.MethodsPublished, peer‐reviewed literature measuring prevalence and/or odds of GDM and perinatal mental disorders was reviewed systematically. Risk of bias was assessed using a checklist. Two independent reviewers were involved. Analyses were grouped by stage of peripartum, i.e. antepartum at the time of GDM diagnosis and after diagnosis, and in the postpartum.ResultsSixty‐two studies were included. There was an increased risk of depressive symptoms in the antenatal period around the time of diagnosis of GDM [odds ratio (OR) 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42, 3.05] and in the postnatal period (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.26, 2.00).ConclusionsGiven the potential relationship between GDM and perinatal mental disorders, integration of physical and mental healthcare in women experiencing GDM and mental disorders could improve short‐ and long‐term outcomes for women and their children.