bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of combined carprofen and omeprazole administration on gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation in dogs
Authors: Jones Susan M. , Gaier Ann , Enomoto Hiroko , Ishii Patricia , Pilla Rachel , Price Josh , Suchodolski Jan , Steiner Joerg M. , Papich Mark G. , Messenger Kristen , Tolbert M. Katherine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (eg, omeprazole) commonly are administered concurrently with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; eg, carprofen) as prophylaxis to decrease the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) injury. However, evidence to support this practice is weak, and it might exacerbate dysbiosis and inflammation.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of carprofen alone or combined with omeprazole in dogs. We hypothesized that coadministration of omeprazole and carprofen would significantly increase GI permeability and dysbiosis index (DI) compared to no treatment or carprofen alone.AnimalsSix healthy adult colony beagle dogs.MethodsGastrointestinal permeability and inflammation were assessed by serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, plasma iohexol concentration, fecal DI, and fecal calprotectin concentration in a prospective, 3‐period design. In the first 7‐day period, dogs received no intervention (baseline). During the 2nd period, dogs received 4 mg/kg of carprofen q24h PO for 7 days. In the 3rd period, dogs received 4 mg/kg of carprofen q24h and 1 mg/kg of omeprazole q12h PO for 7 days. Gastrointestinal permeability testing was performed at the end of each period. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed model analysis of variance with Tukey‐Kramer post hoc tests (P < .05).ResultsSerum LPS and plasma iohexol concentrations did not differ between treatments. Fecal calprotectin concentrations differed between treatments (P = .03). The DI varied over time based on the treatment received (P = .03). Coadministration of omeprazole and carprofen significantly increased fecal calprotectin concentration and DI compared to baseline and carprofen alone.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOmeprazole prophylaxis induces fecal dysbiosis and increases intestinal inflammatory markers when coadministered with carprofen to otherwise healthy dogs with no other risk factors for GI bleeding.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: September 2020

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 5 Abootaleb Shirvani, Texas Tech University, USAAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelBasanta K. Pradhan, University of Delhi Enclave, IndiaDjebali Nesrine, University of Jendouba, TunisiaHedieh Shadmani, Fairfield University, USAMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaMamdouh Abdelmoula M. Abdelsalam, Minufiya University, EgyptMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyMarwa Biltagy, Cairo University, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, EgyptNuno Crespo, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalOlena Sokolovska, Research Institute of Fiscal Policy, State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, UkraineOltiana Muharremi Pelari, Stonehill College in Ma, AlbaniaPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitRajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, IndiaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USASzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Feasibility Study of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Compressed Renewable/Natural Gas Vehicles in Canada
Authors: Yaïci Wahiba , Ribberink Hajo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Concerns about environmental degradation and finite natural resources necessitate cleaner sources of energy for use in the transportation sector. In Canada, natural gas is currently being appraised as a potential alternative fuel for use in vehicles for both medium and heavy-duty use due to its relatively lower costs compared to that of conventional fuels. The idea of compressed natural gas vehicles (CNGVs) is being mooted as inexpensive for fleet owners and especially because it will potentially significantly reduce harmful emissions into the environment.
A short feasibility study was conducted to ascertain the potential for reduced emissions and savings opportunities presented by CNGVs in both medium and heavy-duty vehicles. The study which is discussed in the present paper was carried out on long-haul trucking and refuse trucks respectively. Emphasis was laid on individual vehicle operating economics and emissions reduction, and the identification of practical considerations for both the individual application and CNGVs as a whole. A financial analysis of the annual cost savings that is achievable when an individual diesel vehicle is replaced with a CNG vehicle was also presented.
This paper drew substantial references from published case studies for relevant data on maintenance costs, fuel economy, range, and annual distance travelled. It relied on a summary report from Argonne National Laboratory’s GREET (Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation) [1] for its discussion on relative fuel efficiency penalties for heavy-duty CNGVs. The fuel cost figures were mostly drawn from motor fuel data of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, since the Ministry is one of the few available sources of compressed natural gas fuel prices. Finally, the GHGenius life-cycle analysis tool [2] was employed to determine fuel-cycle emissions in Canada for comparison purposes.
The study produced remarkable findings. Results showed that compared to diesel-fuelled vehicles, emissions in CNG heavy-and-medium-duty vehicles reduced by up to 8.7% (for well-to-pump) and 11.5% (for pump-to-wheels) respectively. Overall, the most beneficial use/application appeared to be long-haul trucking based on the long distances covered and higher fuel economy achieved (derived from economies of scale), while refuse trucks appeared to have relatively marginal annual savings. However, these annual savings are actually a conservative estimate which will ultimately be modified/determined by a number of factors that are likely to be predisposed in favour of natural gas vehicles. Significantly, the prospect of using renewable natural gas as fuel was found to be a factor for improving the value proposition of refuse trucks in particular, certainly from an emissions standpoint with a reduction of up to 100%, but speculatively from operational savings as well.
Particle Flow Testing of a Multistage Falling Particle Receiver Concept: Staggered Angle Iron Receiver (STAIR)
Authors: Yue Lindsey , Schroeder Nathan , Ho Clifford K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Falling particle receivers are an emerging technology for use in concentrating solar power systems. In this work, a staggered angle iron receiver concept is investigated, with the goals of increasing particle curtain stability and opacity in a receiver. The concept consists of angle iron-shaped troughs placed in line with a falling particle curtain in order to collect particles and rerelease them, decreasing the downward velocity of the particles and the curtain spread. A particle flow test apparatus has been fabricated. The effect of staggered angle iron trough geometry, orientation, and position on the opacity and uniformity of a falling particle curtain for different particle linear mass flow rates is investigated using the particle flow test apparatus. For the baseline free falling curtain and for different trough configurations, particle curtain transmissivity is measured, and profile images of the particle curtain are taken. Particle mass flow rate and trough position affect curtain transmissivity more than trough orientation and geometry. Optimal trough position for a given particle mass flow rate can result in improved curtain stability and decreased transmissivity. The case with a slot depth of 1/4″, hybrid trough geometry at 36″ below the slot resulted in the largest improvement over the baseline curtain: 0.40 transmissivity for the baseline and 0.14 transmissivity with the trough. However, some trough configurations have a detrimental effect on curtain stability and result in increased curtain transmissivity and/or substantial particle bouncing.
A Multicriteria Approach to Evaluate Solar Assisted District Heating in the German Market
Authors: Abokersh Mohamed Hany , Vallès Manel , Cabeza Luisa F. , Boer Dieter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Following the ambitious EU plan in cutting the greenhouse emission and replacing conventional heat sources through the presence of renewable energy share inside efficient district heating fields, seasonal storage coupled with district heating plants can have a viable contribution to this goal. However, the performance uncertainty combined with the inadequate assessment regarding the financial potential and the greenhouse emission reduction associated with the deployment of those innovate district heating systems represents a great challenge for sufficiently apply it.
Our work tends to explore the prospects for wide-scale deployment of the seasonal storage in the residential sector in the German market. The proposed methodology framework correspondingly based on a multi-objective approach which is applied to optimize the cost against an aggregated environmental metric throughout the life cycle of the proposed system in comparison to their relative conventional heating systems. In this context, the proposed methodology framework is applied to Berlin as a representative for the central European climate zone with consideration for the seasonal and short-term storage systems and their relatively load profiles. The environmental improvement associated with the solar district heating system (SDHS) coupled with seasonal storage in the central European climate zone is heavily weighed enough in decision making for proposing SDHS as a sustainable solution replacing the conventional heat sources. Furthermore, the proposed methodology framework successes in eliminating the yearly system variation. Thus, the yearly solar fraction never goes down below than 97.8% in the investigated climate zone. Overall this study can assist in approving the feasibility of the SDHS with the goal of establishing a more sustainable energy infrastructure in Germany.
Application of Response Surface Model for Sizing Solar Thermal Energy System at Residential Scale During the Early Design Stages
Authors: Abokersh Mohamed Hany , Elayat Hatem , Osman Mohamed , El-Morsi Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the present study, the design of experiments (DOE) methodology is employed to statistically model and optimize the thermal performance of a forced circulation solar water heating system (FSWHS) with various budget constraints using a small number of simulation trails. The simulation trails are implemented using a model developed in TRNSYS 17 software, and climate conditions of Cairo, Egypt. A sequential approach is used to obtain the optimum system configuration with respect to the budget constraint. The definitive screening design is first utilized to eliminate the insignificant factors and investigate the effect of the quadratic terms. Then, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used for developing mathematical models based on multiple regression analysis. Finally, the optimization problem is formulated and solved using the desirability function. The developed mathematical models for the thermal performance responses showed a good agreement with the results obtained in TRNSYS for various budget constraints. This agreement proved the ability of the mathematical models to predict the performance of FSWHS precisely. Furthermore, the optimization methodology can be applied for various types of solar water heating systems, and different renewable energy applications.
Evaluating the Effective Solar Absorptance of Dilute Particle Configurations
Authors: Ho Clifford K. , González-Portillo Luis F. , Albrecht Kevin J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ray-tracing and heat-transfer simulations of discrete particles in a representative elementary volume were performed to determine the effective particle-cloud absorptance and temperature profiles as a function of intrinsic particle absorptance values (0 – 1) for dilute solids volume fractions (1 – 3%) representative of falling particle receivers used in concentrating solar power applications. Results showed that the average particle-cloud absorptance is increased above intrinsic particle absorptance values as a result of reflections and subsequent reabsorption (light trapping). The relative increase in effective particle-cloud absorptance was greater for lower values of intrinsic particle absorptance and could be as high as a factor of two. Higher values of intrinsic particle absorptance led to higher simulated steady-state particle temperatures. Significant temperature gradients within the particle cloud and within the particles themselves were also observed in the simulations. Findings indicate that dilute particle-cloud configurations within falling particle receivers can significantly enhance the apparent effective absorptance of the particle curtain, and materials with higher values of intrinsic particle absorptance will yield greater radiative absorptance and temperatures.
Investigation of Performance and Emissions of a CRDI Passenger Van Fuelled With Coconut Methyl Ester-Diesel Blends Using Drive Cycle and Steady Speed Operation
Authors: Aguila Rupert Karlo D. , Quiros Edwin N. , Mercado Jose Gabriel E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For the past years, Different Philippine local regulations have been imposed to address oil importation and to address environment concerns. One requirement is reduced emission from diesel engines and at the same time reduce the use of fossil fuels for the. In accordance to the Clean Air Act and the Biofuels Act, The Philippine government is looking for possible alternatives to fossil fuels, One of the biodiesel the country is currently using is coconut methyl ester due to the abundance of coconut trees in the country. This research shows the performance and emission characteristics of diesel blended with coconut methyl ester in a CRDi Passenger van and will help the government justify the increase in blend percentage mandated in commercial fuels.
This study is investigates 0%, 2%, 5% 10% and 20% Coconut Methyl Ester (CME)-diesel blends. The experiment consisted of Japanese 10-15 standard drive cycle test, steady state test at 40,60, & 80 kph was performed in the Vehicle Research and Testing Laboratory in the University of the Philippines Diliman equipped with chassis dynamometer, fuel flow meter and emissions analyzer. Performance parameters measured are Power, Specific Fuel Consumption and Mileage, while emission characteristics for CO, NOx, THC are measured. PM measurements were not measured for this experiment.
In both Drive cycle and steady state test specific fuel consumption and mileage improved with addition of CME, however results showed they are independent of CME percentage. The best improvement was observed with 5%CME blended with neat diesel at 4.8% and 8.5% for drive cycle and steady state test respectively.
Majority of the CME-diesel blends showed decrease in emission specifically in CO and THC emission which is consistent to published literature. For both steady state test and drive cycle test up to 29.5% decrease inn CO and up to 64% decrease in THC was observed. This can be attributed to the overall lean mixtures and in the increase of oxygenated fuel at higher CME blends. NOx emission however is consistent for all fuel blends in the drive cycle test while for the steady state test NOx emission is dependnt on the engine speed. Decreasing trend was obtained for 40 and 60 km/h while increasing trend was obtrained at 80 km/h, with respect to %CME.
Average power produced for all the speeds was basically constant for all the blends as compared with neat diesel. Lastly, maximum power showed insignificant changes although majority of the blends showed a minimal power reduction as compared to neat diesel.
Postprandial Metabolism and Vascular Function: Impact of Aging and Physical Activity Level
Authors: Koemel Nicholas A. , Sciarrillo Christina M. , Bode Katherine B. , Dixon Madison D. , Lucas Edralin A. , Jenkins Nathaniel D.M. , Emerson Sam R. 
Published: September 2020

The consumption of a high-fat meal can induce postprandial lipemia and endothelial dysfunction. The authors assessed the impact of age and physical activity on metabolic and vascular outcomes following meal consumption in healthy adults. The authors recruited four groups: younger active (age 22.1 ± 1.4 years; n = 9), younger inactive (age 22.6 ± 3.7 years; n = 8), older active (age 68.4 ± 7.7 years; n = 8), and older inactive (age 67.7 ± 7.2 years; n = 7). The metabolic outcomes were measured at the baseline and hourly for 6 hr post high-fat meal consumption (12 kcal/kg; 63% fat). Flow-mediated dilation was measured at the baseline, 2 hr, and 4 hr postmeal. The total area under the curve for triglycerides was significantly lower in the more active groups, but did not differ based on age (younger active = 6.5 ± 1.4 mmol/L × 6 hr, younger inactive = 11.7 ± 4.8, older active = 6.8 ± 2.7, older inactive = 12.1 ± 1.7; p = .0004). After adjusting for artery diameter, flow-mediated dilation differed between groups at the baseline (younger active = 4.8 ± 1.6%, younger inactive = 2.5 ± 0.5, older active = 3.4 ± 0.9, older inactive = 2.2 ± 0.4; p < .001) and decreased significantly across groups 4 hr postmeal (mean difference = 0.82; 95% CI [0.02, 1.6]; p = .04). These findings highlight the beneficial effect of regular physical activity on postprandial lipemia, independent of age.
Geographic distributions of age-related macular degeneration incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Miao , Duan Pei-Chen , Liang Jing-Hong , Zhang Xiao-Feng , Pan Chen-Wei 
Published: September 2020

PurposeWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the geographic distribution of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) incidence.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for publications of early and late AMD before September 2019. Studies were included if they applied a standardised photographic assessment and classification system. The proportion of participants with AMD in each eligible study was combined to obtain a pooled incidence from all studies using a random effects model. We also assessed sources of potential heterogeneity in the incidence of AMD using meta-regression analyses for both late and early AMD.ResultsTwenty-four population-based studies (70 123 individuals aged 55 years or older) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled global annual incidences of early and late AMD were 1.59% (95% CI 1.12% to 2.10%) and 0.19% (95% CI: 0.13% to 0.28%), respectively. Individuals of European descent had the highest annual incidence of both early (2.73%, 95% CI 1.63% to 4.57%) and late (0.36%, 95% CI 0.17% to 0.75%) AMD than other ethnic groups. Average age (p=0.001) at baseline, ethnicity (p=0.001), region (p=0.043) and gender (p=0.011) were predictors for incident late AMD, while only average age (p=0.01) at baseline and ethnicity (p=0.025) was associated with incidence of early AMD.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis offers an up-to-date overview of AMD globally, which may provide scientific guidance for the design and implementation of public health strategies such as screening programmes for AMD in both specific geographic locations and ethnic groups, as well as worldwide.
Emergency care provided to refugee children in Europe: RefuNET: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Nijman Ruud Gerard , Krone Johanna , Mintegi Santiago , Bidlingmaier Christoph , Maconochie Ian K , Lyttle Mark D , von Both Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundRefugee children and young people have complex healthcare needs. However, issues related to acute healthcare provision for refugee children across Europe remain unexplored. This study aimed to describe the urgent and emergency healthcare needs of refugee children in Europe, and to identify obstacles to providing this care.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was distributed to European healthcare professionals via research networks between 1 February and 1 October 2017 addressing health issues of children and young people aged <18 years fulfilling international criteria of refugee status, presenting to emergency departments. Survey domains explored (1) respondent’s institution, (2) local healthcare system, (3) available guidance and educational tools, (4) perceived obstacles and improvements required, (5) countries of origin of refugee children being seen and (6) presenting signs and symptoms of refugee children.ResultsOne hundred and forty-eight respondents from 23 European countries completed the survey, and most worked in academic institutions (n=118, 80%). Guidance on immunisations was available for 30% of respondents, and on safeguarding issues (31%), screening for infection (32%) or mental health (14%). Thirteen per cent reported regular teaching sessions related to refugee child health. Language barriers (60%), unknown medical history (54%), post-traumatic stress disorder (52%) and mental health issues (50%) were perceived obstacles to providing care; severity of presenting illness, rare or drug-resistant pathogens and funding were not.ConclusionsMany hospitals are not adequately prepared for providing urgent and emergency care to refugee children and young people. Although clinicians are generally well equipped to deal with most types and severity of presenting illnesses, we identified specific obstacles such as language barriers, mental health issues, safeguarding issues and lack of information on previous medical history. There was a clear need for more guidelines and targeted education on refugee child health.