bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fate of free and bound phytol and tocopherols during fruit ripening of two Capsicum cultivars
Authors: Krauß Stephanie , Hermann-Ene Vanessa , Vetter Walter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhytol and tocopherols and their fatty acid esters (PFAE and TFAE) are isoprenoid lipid components which can be found for instance in vegetables. Their behavior during maturation of fruits and vegetables could reveal valuable information on their biosynthetic formation and biological function. As pods of the genus Capsicum contain considerable amounts of both PFAE and TFAE, two cultivars (i.e. Capsicum annuum var. Forajido and Capsicum chinense var. Habanero) were grown in a greenhouse project. The date of flowering and fruit formation of each blossom was noted and fruits were harvested in four specific periods which corresponded with different stages of ripening, i.e. unripe, semi-ripe, ripe and overripe. Quantification by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry and creation of development profiles strongly supported the suggestion that PFAE and TFAE were formed as storage molecules during fruit ripening and parallel degradation of chlorophyll. Additionally, compound-specific carbon isotope ratios (δ13C values (‰)) of originally in PFAE and chlorophyll bound phytol ultimately proved that PFAE, besides tocopherols, serve as sink for the cytotoxic phytol moiety released from chlorophyll degradation during fruit ripening. Furthermore, color measurements were successfully implemented to simplify the usually cumbersome separation of chili fruits into different ripening degrees.
Development and validation of an immune-related gene prognostic model for stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Ming , Xia Yu , Wang Yadong , Fan Fei , Li Xian , Song Jukun , Ding Jie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and its occurrence and prognosis are closely related to inflammation. The aim of the present study was to identify gene signatures and construct an immune-related gene (IRG) prognostic model in STAD using bioinformatics analysis.
Methods: RNA sequencing data from healthy samples and samples with STAD, IRGs, and transcription factors were analyzed. The hub IRGs were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Using the hub IRGs, we constructed an IRG prognostic model. The relationships between IRG prognostic models and clinical data were tested.
Results: A total of 289 differentially expressed IRGs and 20 prognostic IRGs were screened with a threshold of P&lt;0.05. Through multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis, we developed a prognostic model based on seven IRGs. The prognostic model was validated using a GEO dataset (GSE 84437). The IRGs were significantly correlated with the clinical outcomes (age, histological grade, N, and M stage) of STAD patients. The infiltration abundances of dendritic cells and macrophages were higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group.
Conclusions: Our results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of STAD. An IRG prognostic model based on seven IRGs exhibited the predictive value, and have potential application value in clinical decision-making and individualized treatment.
Orbital features of distant trans-Neptunian objects induced by giant gaseous clumps
Authors: Emel’yanenko V. V. 
Published: October 2020

Context.The discovery of distant trans-Neptunian objects has led to heated discussions about the structure of the outer Solar System.Aims.We study the dynamical evolution of small bodies from the Hill regions of migrating giant gaseous clumps that form in the outer solar nebula via gravitational fragmentation. We attempt to determine whether the observed features of the orbital distribution of distant trans-Neptunian objects could be caused by this process.Methods.We consider a simple model that includes the Sun, two point-like giant clumps with masses of ∼10 Jupiter masses, and a set of massless objects initially located in the Hill regions of these clumps. We carry out numerical simulations of the motions of small bodies under gravitational perturbations from two giant clumps that move in elliptical orbits and approach each other. The orbital distribution of these small bodies is compared with the observed distribution of distant trans-Neptunian objects.Results.In addition to the known grouping in longitudes of perihelion, we note new features for observed distant trans-Neptunian objects. The observed orbital distribution points to the existence of two groups of distant trans-Neptunian objects with different dynamical characteristics. We show that the main features of the orbital distribution of distant trans-Neptunian objects can be explained by their origin in the Hill regions of migrating giant gaseous clumps. Small bodies are ejected from the Hill regions when the giant clumps move in high-eccentricity orbits and have a close encounter with each other.Conclusions.The resulting orbital distribution of small bodies in our model and the observed distribution of distant trans-Neptunian objects have similar features.
Preprocessing of vector magnetograms for magnetohydrostatic extrapolations
Authors: Zhu X. , Wiegelmann T. , Inhester B. 
Published: October 2020

Context. Understanding the 3D magnetic field as well as the plasma in the chromosphere and transition region is important. One way is to extrapolate the magnetic field and plasma from the routinely measured vector magnetogram on the photosphere based on the assumption of the magnetohydrostatic (MHS) state. However, photospheric data may be inconsistent with the MHS assumption. Therefore, we must study the restriction on the photospheric magnetic field, which is required by the MHS system. Moreover, the data should be transformed accordingly before MHS extrapolations can be applied.
Aims. We aim to obtain a set of surface integrals as criteria for the MHS system and use this set of integrals to preprocess a vector magnetogram.
Methods. By applying Gauss’ theorem and assuming an isolated active region on the Sun, we related the magnetic energy and forces in the volume to the surface integral on the photosphere. The same method was applied to obtain restrictions on the photospheric magnetic field as necessary criteria for a MHS system. We used an optimization method to preprocess the data to minimize the deviation from the criteria as well as the measured value.
Results. By applying the virial theorem to the active region, we find the boundary integral that is used to compute the energy of a force-free field usually underestimates the magnetic energy of a large active region. We also find that the MHS assumption only requires the x-, y-component of net Lorentz force and the z-component of net torque to be zero. These zero components are part of Aly’s criteria for a force-free field. However, other components of net force and torque can be non-zero values. According to new criteria, we preprocess the magnetogram to make it more consistent with the MHS system and, at the same time close, to the original data.
Aminosäuren und deren Bedeutung für die Gesundheit
Authors: März Henrike 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungAminosäuren sind hauptsächlich als Eiweißbausteine bekannt, erfüllen jedoch auch wesentliche Aufgaben im Stoffwechsel, da sie als Vorstufen für bedeutende biologische Verbindungen wie Neurotransmitter, Immunfaktoren oder Verdauungsenzyme fungieren. Weil die Stoffwechselwege ineinandergreifen, hängt die Effektivität einzelner Aminosäuren oft von anderen nutritiven Faktoren und einer intakten Enzymfunktion ab. Dies kann bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen von Bedeutung sein. Kenntnisse über Aufgaben, Stoffwechsel und Vorkommen bestimmter Aminosäuren in Nahrungsmitteln ermöglichen eine gezielte Optimierung der Ernährung zur Erhaltung der Gesundheit und unterstützenden Intervention bei Krankheiten.
Competitive Performance of Kenyan Runners Compared to their Relative Body Weight and Fat
Authors: Sengeis Marietta , Müller Wolfram , Störchle Paul , Fürhapter-Rieger Alfred 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBody fat values obtained with various measurement methods deviate substantially in many cases. The standardised brightness-mode ultrasound method was used in 32 Kenyan elite long-distance runners to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses at an accuracy and reliability level not reached by any other method. Subcutaneous adipose tissue forms the dominating part of body fat. Additionally, body mass (m), height (h), sitting height (s), leg length, and the mass index MI1 =0.53m/(hs) were determined. MI1 considers leg length, which the body mass index ignores. MI1 values of all participants were higher than their body mass indices. Both indices for relative body weight were within narrow ranges, although thickness sums of subcutaneous adipose tissue deviated strongly (women: 20–82 mm; men: 3–36 mm). Men had 2.1 times more embedded fasciae in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the subgroup with personal best times below world record time plus 10%, no correlation between performance and body mass index was found, and there was also no correlation with sums of subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses. Within the data ranges found here, extremely low relative body weight or low body fat were no criteria for the level of performance, therefore, pressure towards too low values may be disadvantageous.
Constructing Russian identity in news translation
Authors: Spiessens Anneleen , Van Poucke Piet 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the build-up to the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia’s state-owned media pushed a nationalist-imperialist
narrative according to which Crimea is ethnically and historically Russian, and should, therefore, return to the Russian
Motherland. This article underscores the critical role of news translation in the debate around the status of Crimea and in the
circulation of global news, more generally. It focuses on the Russian website InoSMI, a portal that monitors and translates
foreign press, during the peak of the Crimea crisis. Our analysis reveals that Russian translations reframe Western reports in
such a way as to over-emphasize ties between Russia and Crimea. Drawing on both ethnonationalist and imperialist narratives that
capitalize on the place Crimea holds in Russian imagination, and exploiting old metaphors of brotherhood, InoSMI promotes specific
definitions of Russian space and identity that legitimize an aggressive foreign policy.
National Estimates of Healthcare Costs Associated With Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections Among Hospitalized Patients in the United States
Authors: Nelson Richard E , Hatfield Kelly M , Wolford Hannah , Samore Matthew H , Scott R Douglas , Reddy Sujan C , Olubajo Babatunde , Paul Prabasaj , Jernigan John A , Baggs James 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Treating patients with infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens often requires substantial healthcare resources. The purpose of this study was to report estimates of the healthcare costs associated with infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria in the United States (US).

Methods
We performed retrospective cohort studies of patients admitted for inpatient stays in the Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system between January 2007 and October 2015. We performed multivariable generalized linear models to estimate the attributable cost by comparing outcomes in patients with and without positive cultures for multidrug-resistant bacteria. Finally, we multiplied these pathogen-specific, per-infection attributable cost estimates by national counts of infections due to each pathogen from patients hospitalized in a cohort of 722 US hospitals from 2017 to generate estimates of the population-level healthcare costs in the US attributable to these infections.

Results
Our analysis cohort consisted of 16 676 patients with community-onset infections and 172 712 matched controls and 8246 patients with hospital-onset infections and 66 939 matched controls. The highest cost was seen in hospital-onset invasive infections, with attributable costs (95% confidence intervals) ranging from $30 998 ($25 272–$36 724) for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to $74 306 ($20 377–$128 235) for carbapenem-resistant (CR) Acinetobacter. The highest attributable costs for community-onset invasive infections were seen in CR Acinetobacter ($62 396; $20 370–$104 422). Treatment of these infections cost an estimated $4.6 billion ($4.1 billion–$5.1 billion) in 2017 in the US for community- and hospital-onset infections combined.

Conclusions
We found that antimicrobial-resistant infections led to substantial healthcare costs.
Théâtralité et représentation: Rivette revu par Diderot
Authors: Leichman Jeffrey M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This article proposes a comparative reading of the role of theatre in the cinema of Jacques Rivette, as seen through the lens of Denis Diderot’s work, looking specifically at the 1984 film
L’Amour par terre
and the 1757 ‘novel’
Le Fils naturel
. The eighteenth-century philosopher interrogates the specificity of theatre — its theatricality — in the context of a hybrid work that seeks to overcome the lack of live spectacle in the printed text by imbricating the dramatic play within a narrative about the ‘real’ lives of characters, in order to illustrate his ideas on the renewal of theatrical art. In turn, Rivette’s cinematic practice poses parallel questions, probing the border between film, condemned to repeat itself, and the theatre (Rivette’s subject of predilection), whose infinite potential for variation comprises its generic signature. In the work of both artists, acting exercises an important influence on the temporality of the narrative, the status of truth, the relationship to images, and the moral value of art. In this way, Rivette and Diderot illustrate the challenges presented by a theatricality at once rejected and embraced by modernity, revealing performance as a crucial tool for exploring the limits of representation.
Independent Side-by-Side Validation and Comparison of 4 Serological Platforms for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing
Authors: Jahrsdörfer Bernd , Kroschel Joris , Ludwig Carolin , Corman Victor Max , Schwarz Tatjana , Körper Sixten , Rojewski Markus , Lotfi Ramin , Weinstock Christof , Drosten Christian , Seifried Erhard , Stamminger Thomas , Groß Hans Jürgen , Schrezenmeier Hubert 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Highly sensitive and specific platforms for the detection of anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies are becoming increasingly important for evaluating potential SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma donors, studying the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections, and identifying individuals with seroconversion. This study provides a comparative validation of 4 anti–SARS-CoV-2 platforms. A unique feature of the study is the use of a representative cohort of convalescent patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and a mild to moderate disease course. All platforms showed significant correlations with a SARS-CoV-2 plaque reduction neutralization test, with highest sensitivities for the Euroimmun and the Roche platforms, suggesting their preferential use for screening persons at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Hospital medication errors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: ISAACS Anton N , CH’NG Kenneth , DELHIWALE Naaz , TAYLOR Kieran , KENT Bethany , RAYMOND Anita 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Medication errors (MEs) are among the most common types of incidents reported in Australian and international hospitals. There is no uniform method of reporting and reducing these errors. This study aims to identify the incidence, time trends, types and factors associated with MEs in a large regional hospital in Australia.

Methods
A 5-year cross-sectional study.

Results
The incidence of MEs was 1.05 per 100 admitted patients. The highest frequency of errors was observed during the colder months of May–August. When distributed by day of the week, Mondays and Tuesdays had the highest frequency of errors. When distributed by hour of the day, time intervals from 7 am to 8 am and from 7 pm to 8 pm showed a sharp increase in the frequency of errors. One thousand and eighty-eight (57.8%) MEs belonged to incidence severity rating (ISR) level 4 and 787 (41.8%) belonged to ISR level 3. There were six incidents of ISR level 2 and only one incident of ISR level 1 reported during the five-year period 2014-2018. Administration-only errors were the most common accounting for 1070 (56.8%) followed by prescribing-only errors (433, 23%). High-risk medications were associated with half the number of errors, the most common of which were narcotics (17.9%) and antimicrobials (13.2%).

Conclusions
MEs continue to be a problem faced by international hospitals. Inexperience of health professionals and nurse–patient ratios might be the fundamental challenges to overcome. Specific training of junior staff in prescribing and administering medication and nurse workload management could be possible solutions to reducing MEs in hospitals.
Antivirals With Adjunctive Corticosteroids Prevent Clinical Progression of Early Coronavirus 2019 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ooi Say Tat , Parthasarathy Purnima , Lin Yi , Nallakaruppan Valliammai D/O , Ng Shereen , Tan Teck Choon , Low Serena , Tang Terence 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This is a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fifty-seven patients received treatment alone, and 35 patients received treatment with adjunctive prednisolone. A combination of corticosteroids and antivirals was associated with lower risk of clinical progression and invasive mechanical ventilation or death in early COVID-19 pneumonia.
CP odd weak basis invariants in minimal see-saw model and leptogenesis
Authors: Singh Madan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we derive the relationship between the weak basis invariants (WB) related to CP violation responsible for leptogenesis and CP violation relevant at low energy. We examine all the experimentally viable cases of Frampton-Glashow and Yanagida (FGY) model, in order to construct the WB invariants in terms of left handed Majorana neutrino mass matrix elements, and thus finding the necessary and sufficient condition for CP conservation. Further for all the viable FGY texture zeros, we have shown the explicit dependence of WB invariants on Dirac type and Majorana type CP violating phases. In the end, we discuss the implication of such interrelationships on leptogenesis.
Maintaining Mobility in a Patient Who Is Pregnant and Has COVID-19 Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Report
Authors: Mark Alex , Crumley Jennifer P , Rudolph Kristina L , Doerschug Kevin , Krupp Anna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Mobilization while receiving life support interventions, including mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), is a recommended intensive care unit (ICU) intervention to maintain physical function. The purpose of this case report is to describe a novel approach to implementing early mobility interventions for a patient who was pregnant and receiving ECMO while continuing necessary infectious disease precautions because of diagnosed coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

Methods
A 27-year-old woman who was pregnant was admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 and rapidly developed acute respiratory failure requiring 9 days of ECMO support. After a physical therapist consultation, the patient was standing at the bedside by hospital day 5 and ambulating by hospital day 9.

Results
The patient safely participated in physical therapy during ICU admission and was discharged to home with outpatient physical therapy follow-up after 14 days of hospitalization.

Conclusion
Early mobility is feasible during ECMO with COVID-19, and active participation in physical therapy, including in-room ambulation, may facilitate discharge to home. Innovative strategies to facilitate routine activity in a patient who is critically ill with COVID-19 require an established and highly trained team with a focus on maintaining function.

Impact
Early mobility while intubated, on ECMO, and infected with COVID-19 is feasible while adhering to infectious disease precautions when it is performed by an experienced interdisciplinary team.
THE PROGRESSION OF MACULAR STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN LATE-ONSET RETINAL DEGENERATION
Authors: Papastavrou Vasileios T. , O'Brien Jill M. , Regan Aedheen J. , Aftab Akhunzada M. , Browning Andrew C. 
Published: October 2020

Background/Purpose:
To characterize the progression of structural and functional changes in the retinas of a small cohort of unrelated patients with early late-onset retinal degeneration and evaluate these changes as potential biomarkers for future treatment trials.

Methods:
Best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, Goldman visual fields, retinal sensitivity measurement by mesopic microperimetry, extent of ellipsoid zone disruption using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence imaging were performed at each biennial visit.

Patients:
Three unrelated patients with molecularly confirmed late-onset retinal degeneration (S163R mutation in C1QTNF5) were prospectively followed for 4 years.

Results:
The patient's ages were 44, 54, and 62 at baseline. Over the 4-year follow-up period, one patient demonstrated a significant reduction in best-corrected visual acuity (6 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters), whereas two patients suffered a significant reduction in contrast sensitivity. Early in the disease, there was a close relationship between ellipsoid zone disruption and a loss in retinal sensitivity. Later in the course of the disease, there were areas outside the zones of ellipsoid zone disruption that also suffered progressive loss of retinal sensitivity, suggesting that ellipsoid zone loss was not the only factor responsible for the loss of retinal sensitivity. Changes in fundus autofluorescence and Goldman visual field loss were not closely related to changes in ellipsoid zone disruption or retinal sensitivity loss.

Conclusion:
This study has found that the monitoring of the progression of ellipsoid zone disruption and changes in mesopic microperimetry may be useful biomarkers in future clinical trials in patients with late-onset retinal degeneration.