bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanically interlocked 3D multi-material micromachines
Authors: Alcântara C. C. J. , Landers F. C. , Kim S. , De Marco C. , Ahmed D. , Nelson B. J. , Pané S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetals and polymers are dissimilar materials in terms of their physicochemical properties, but complementary in terms of functionality. As a result, metal-organic structures can introduce a wealth of novel applications in small-scale robotics. However, current fabrication techniques are unable to process three-dimensional metallic and polymeric components. Here, we show that hybrid microstructures can be interlocked by combining 3D lithography, mold casting, and electrodeposition. Our method can be used to achieve complex multi-material microdevices with unprecedented resolution and topological complexity. We show that metallic components can be combined with structures made of different classes of polymers. Properties of both metals and polymers can be exploited in parallel, resulting in structures with high magnetic responsiveness, elevated drug loading capacity, on-demand shape transformation, and elastic behavior. We showcase the advantages of our approach by demonstrating new microrobotic locomotion modes and controlled agglomeration of swarms.
2D atomic crystal molecular superlattices by soft plasma intercalation
Authors: Zhang Lufang , Nan Haiyan , Zhang Xiumei , Liang Qifeng , Du Aijun , Ni Zhenhua , Gu Xiaofeng , Ostrikov Kostya , Xiao Shaoqing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) atomic crystal superlattices integrate diverse 2D layered materials enabling adjustable electronic and optical properties. However, tunability of the interlayer gap and interactions remain challenging. Here we report a solution based on soft oxygen plasma intercalation. 2D atomic crystal molecular superlattices (ACMSs) are produced by intercalating O2+ ions into the interlayer space using the plasma electric field. Stable molecular oxygen layer is formed by van der Waals interactions with adjacent transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers. The resulting interlayer gap expansion can effectively isolate TMD monolayers and impart exotic properties to homo-(MoS2[O2]x) and hetero-(MoS2[O2]x/WS2[O2]x) stacked ACMSs beyond typical capacities of monolayer TMDs, such as 100 times stronger photoluminescence and 100 times higher photocurrent. Our potentially universal approach to tune interlayer stacking and interactions in 2D ACMSs may lead to exotic superlattice properties intrinsic to monolayer materials such as direct bandgap pursued for future optoelectronics.
Endocannabinoid signaling regulates the reinforcing and psychostimulant effects of ketamine in mice
Authors: Xu Wei , Li Hongchun , Wang Liang , Zhang Jiamei , Liu Chunqi , Wan Xuemei , Liu Xiaochong , Hu Yiming , Fang Qiyao , Xiao Yuanyuan , Bu Qian , Wang Hongbo , Tian Jingwei , Zhao Yinglan , Cen Xiaobo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe abuse potential of ketamine limits its clinical application, but the precise mechanism remains largely unclear. Here we discovered that ketamine significantly remodels the endocannabinoid-related lipidome and activates 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) signaling in the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen, CPu) of mice. Elevated 2-AG in the CPu is essential for the psychostimulant and reinforcing effects of ketamine, whereas blockade of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, a predominant 2-AG receptor, attenuates ketamine-induced remodeling of neuronal dendrite structure and neurobehaviors. Ketamine represses the transcription of the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) gene by promoting the expression of PRDM5, a negative transcription factor of the MAGL gene, leading to increased 2-AG production. Genetic overexpression of MAGL or silencing of PRDM5 expression in the CPu robustly reduces 2-AG production and ketamine effects. Collectively, endocannabinoid signaling plays a critical role in mediating the psychostimulant and reinforcing properties of ketamine.
Intestinal FGF15/19 physiologically repress hepatic lipogenesis in the late fed-state by activating SHP and DNMT3A
Authors: Kim Young-Chae , Seok Sunmi , Zhang Yang , Ma Jian , Kong Bo , Guo Grace , Kemper Byron , Kemper Jongsook Kim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHepatic lipogenesis is normally tightly regulated but is aberrantly elevated in obesity. Fibroblast Growth Factor-15/19 (mouse FGF15, human FGF19) are bile acid-induced late fed-state gut hormones that decrease hepatic lipid levels by unclear mechanisms. We show that FGF15/19 and FGF15/19-activated Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP/NR0B2) have a role in transcriptional repression of lipogenesis. Comparative genomic analyses reveal that most of the SHP cistrome, including lipogenic genes repressed by FGF19, have overlapping CpG islands. FGF19 treatment or SHP overexpression in mice inhibits lipogenesis in a DNA methyltransferase-3a (DNMT3A)-dependent manner. FGF19-mediated activation of SHP via phosphorylation recruits DNMT3A to lipogenic genes, leading to epigenetic repression via DNA methylation. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and obese mice, occupancy of SHP and DNMT3A and DNA methylation at lipogenic genes are low, with elevated gene expression. In conclusion, FGF15/19 represses hepatic lipogenesis by activating SHP and DNMT3A physiologically, which is likely dysregulated in NAFLD.
Population-scale study of eRNA transcription reveals bipartite functional enhancer architecture
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Katla , Dziubek Alexis , Kang Hyun Min , Kwak Hojoong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnhancer RNAs (eRNA) are unstable non-coding RNAs, transcribed bidirectionally from active regulatory sequences, whose expression levels correlate with enhancer activity. We use capped-nascent-RNA sequencing to efficiently capture bidirectional transcription initiation across several human lymphoblastoid cell lines (Yoruba population) and detect ~75,000 eRNA transcription sites with high sensitivity and specificity. The use of nascent-RNA sequencing sidesteps the confounding effect of eRNA instability. We identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the level and directionality of eRNA expression. High-resolution analyses of these two types of QTLs reveal distinct positions of enrichment at the central transcription factor (TF) binding regions and at the flanking eRNA initiation regions, both of which are associated with mRNA expression QTLs. These two regions—the central TF-binding footprint and the eRNA initiation cores—define a bipartite architecture of enhancers, inform enhancer function, and can be used as an indicator of the significance of non-coding regulatory variants.
Sustainable drug release from polycaprolactone coated chitin-lignin gel fibrous scaffolds
Authors: Abdullah Turdimuhammad , Gauthaman Kalamegam , Mostafavi Azadeh , Alshahrie Ahmed , Salah Numan , Morganti Pierfrancesco , Chianese Angelo , Tamayol Ali , Memic Adnan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNon-healing wounds have placed an enormous stress on both patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Severe complications induced by these wounds can lead to limb amputation or even death and urgently require more effective treatments. Electrospun scaffolds have great potential for improving wound healing treatments by providing controlled drug delivery. Previously, we developed fibrous scaffolds from complex carbohydrate polymers [i.e. chitin-lignin (CL) gels]. However, their application was limited by solubility and undesirable burst drug release. Here, a coaxial electrospinning is applied to encapsulate the CL gels with polycaprolactone (PCL). Presence of a PCL shell layer thus provides longer shelf-life for the CL gels in a wet environment and sustainable drug release. Antibiotics loaded into core–shell fibrous platform effectively inhibit both gram-positive and -negative bacteria without inducting observable cytotoxicity. Therefore, PCL coated CL fibrous gel platforms appear to be good candidates for controlled drug release based wound dressing applications.
Quasi-bound states in an NPN-type nanometer-scale graphene quantum dot under a magnetic field
Authors: Pan Yueting , Ji Haijiao , Li Xin-Qi , Liu Haiwen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe solve the quasi-bound state-energy spectra and wavefunctions of an NPN-type graphene quantum dot under a perpendicular magnetic field. The evolution of the quasi-bound state spectra under the magnetic field is investigated using a Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation. In numerical calculations, we also show that the twofold energy degeneracy of the opposite angular momenta breaks under a weak magnetic field. As the magnetic field strengthens, this phenomenon produces an observable splitting of the energy spectrum. Our results demonstrate the relation between the quasi-bound state-energy spectrum in graphene quantum dots and magnetic field strength, which is relevant to recent measurements in scanning tunneling microscopy.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Integrative analysis of the circRNA–miRNA regulatory network in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ruan Zhong-bao , Wang Fei , Yu Qiu-ping , Chen Ge-cai , Zhu Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the circRNA–miRNA regulatory network in atrial fibrillation (AF) by using Cytoscape and HMDD v3.0. Finally, 120 differentially expressed circRNAs in peripheral blood monocytes of 4 AF patients were preliminarily screened by circRNA microarray. circRNA_4648, circRNA_4631, and circRNA_2875 were the first four circRNAs with the most binding nodes in the circRNA–miRNA network. The top three most frequent miRNAs for up-regulated circRNAs were hsa-miR-328 that interacted with 5 up-regulated circRNAs, hsa-miR-4685-5p with 4 up-regulated circRNAs, hsa-miR-3150a-3p, hsa-miR-4649-5p, hsa-miR-4783-3p, and hsa-miR-8073 with 3 up-regulated circRNAs,, while the top three most frequent miRNAs for down-regulated circRNAs were hsa-miR-328 that interacted with 14 down-regulated circRNAs, hsa-miR-4685-5p with 11 down-regulated circRNAs and hsa-miR-661 with 9 down-regulated circRNAs. According to HMDD v3.0, five up-regulated and eleven down-regulated circRNAs were found to interact with AF related miRNAs. These results indicated the possible regulatory network between circRNAs and miRNAs in the pathogenesis of AF.
Energy management and economic analysis of multiple energy storage systems in solar PV/PEMFC hybrid power systems
Authors: Das Vipin , Singh Asheesh K. , Karuppanan PitchaiVijaya , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Sri Niwas , Agelidis Vassilios Georgios 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study proposes an energy management system (EMS) to manage a standalone hybrid power system (HPS) comprising solar photovoltaic (PV), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and a battery energy storage. The battery and a hydrogen storage system in PEMFC provide short‐ and long‐term electricity storage, respectively. The EMS ensures electrical efficiency during normal/abnormal operation of the HPS and related limitations, namely unexpected variations in solar irradiance and loads, PEMFC cold start, and battery charging status. The proposed EMS is evaluated using mathematical modelling, simulation studies, and real‐time digital simulation. The results show that the proposed EMS is resilient to complex solar PV/load power changes and keeps the dc‐link voltage in place. The viability of the proposed HPS is analysed using daily average solar insolation and load profiles. This analysis is useful to schedule problems of load/generation. The economic analysis of the proposed EMS, done using Homer pro, ensures that the HPS operates cost‐effectively.
Die homöopathische Behandlung von Schlafstörungen
Authors: Koch Ulrich 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungSchlaf ist ein für unsere Gesundheit und Regeneration grundlegender Zustand. Schlafstörungen nehmen in der heutigen Zeit zu und sind häufig. Den aktuellen Leitlinien entsprechend wird eine mehrdimensionale Behandlung empfohlen, in deren Rahmen die Homöopathie gut eingesetzt werden kann und die den Einsatz nebenwirkungsreicher oder abhängig machender Medikamente überflüssig machen kann. Der Artikel zeigt die grundlegenden Strategien und die wichtigsten Arzneien dazu auf.
Führung als Burn-out-Prävention
Authors: Longinus Antonia , Ebner Markus 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungWie schaffen es Führungskräfte, ihre Mitarbeiter zu motivieren? Durch Positive Leadership, einen Führungsstil, der das Selbstvertrauen der Beschäftigten in ihre eigenen Fähigkeiten stärkt. Und der das Risiko zum Burn-out-Syndrom senkt, wie eine Studie unserer Autoren belegt.
Trend mit riesiger Brisanz
Authors: Heeser Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungLeiharbeit in der Pflege ist ein polarisierendes Thema. Zu teuer sagen die Verantwortlichen, eine echte Alternative aufgrund besserer Bezahlung sagen die Pflegenden selbst. Zeitarbeit ist mittlerweile nicht mehr nur Problemlöser für Kliniken, um kurzfristige Lücken im Dienstplan zu stopfen. Sie ist zunehmend selbst zum Problem geworden.
Aktuelle Erkenntnisse zur Gicht – eine Nachlese vom eEULAR 2020
Authors: Tausche Anne-Kathrin 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Gicht ist die häufigste entzündliche Arthritis beim Mann. Zumeist stellen sich die Patienten mit einem ersten akuten Gichtanfall beim Hausarzt vor. In Kenntnis der existierenden Leitlinien sollte neben der antientzündlichen Therapie des Gichtanfalles zeitnah mit einer harnsäuresenkenden Therapie begonnen werden, wenn sich die für die Gicht ursächliche Hyperurikämie nicht durch diätetische Bemühungen in den Zielwert senken lässt. Leider ist die Versorgungsrealität von Gichtpatienten oft nicht optimal und komplizierte Verläufe werden beim Rheumatologen vorstellig. Die Rheumatologen mit ihren Fachgesellschaften waren es auch, die sich initial der Erstellung von Leitlinien zur Diagnostik und Therapie der metabolisch verursachten Gelenkerkrankung angenommen haben; darüber hinaus tragen Rheumatologen seit vielen Jahren zum Wissensgewinn auf dem Gebiet der Gicht durch Grundlagenforschung sowie klinische Forschung bei. So wurde auch dieses Jahr, welches durch die Covid-19-Situation ein ganz besonderes Jahr ist, eine Vielzahl neuer Erkenntnisse zur Gicht auf dem EULAR erstmalig in virtueller Form präsentiert.
Borates as a Traceless Activation Group for Intermolecular Alkylarylation of Ethylene through Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Shengqing , Chu Lingling , Feng Xiaoliang , Guo Lei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA formal ethylene alkylarylation reaction with aryl halides and alkyl oxalates enabled by synergistic photoredox/nickel catalysis is reported. This protocol takes advantage of borates as a traceless activation group, achieving the formal ethylene difunctionalized products via a catalytic three-component 1,2-alkylarylation of vinyl borate followed by a base-assisted deborylation process. The mild conditions allow for excellent functional groups compatibility and broad substrate scope.
Navegação em cirurgia de artroplastia de ombro
Authors: Nascimento Luis Gustavo Prata , Ikemoto Roberto Yukio , Wright Thomas 
Published: November 2020

ResumoA indicação de artroplastias do ombro aumentou progressivamente. O posicionamento preciso dos componentes pode ter implicações significativas para os resultados clínicos. A navegação utilizada para auxiliar no desempenho de artroplastias totais anatômicas e reversas tem proporcionado maior precisão na colocação do implante, especialmente do componente glenoidal. O desenvolvimento da técnica, do material e do desenho da prótese têm mostrado resultados encorajadores e levado a uma tendência de expansão da sua utilização. Dessa forma, estimamos uma maior sobrevida das artroplastias resultantes de menores taxas de instabilidade e soltura precoce. Nosso objetivo é descrever a técnica atual e apresentar os resultados da literatura com navegação. No entanto, estudos clínicos comparativos com acompanhamento de longo prazo são necessários para comprovar a eficácia nos resultados finais das artroplastias totais do ombro.
A Modification of the Cheli Craniolateral Approach for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Shoulder in Dogs: Description of the Technique and Outcome in 164 Cases
Authors: Vezzoni Aldo , Vezzoni Luca , Boiocchi Silvia , Miolo Alda , Holsworth Ian Gordon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to describe a novel minimally invasive surgical approach for the treatment of shoulder osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in dogs and to retrospectively review our clinical cases treated with this approach.
Study Design The study describes a modification of Cheli surgical approach (1985), developed to reduce the degree of invasiveness as well as the incidence of postoperative complications observed in other surgical approaches to the shoulder joint. Medical records of dogs that underwent our minimally invasive approach to the scapulohumeral joint for treatment of OCD from May 2001 to May 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for intraoperative findings and complications. Clinical outcome and complications were also evaluated in the operated dogs with a minimum of a 2-month-follow-up evaluation.
Results A total of 164 shoulders in 141 dogs (23 bilateral), 103 males and 38 females, were examined and treated with our modified craniolateral approach for the treatment of OCD of the humeral head. In all cases, the modified craniolateral approach allowed visibility and adequate exposure of the caudal humeral head surface. Radiographic and clinical follow-up evaluations were available in 123/164 (75%) cases. The clinical outcome was consistent with other reports using different surgical approaches for OCD lesions of the humeral head in dogs.
Clinical Significance This technique provided a reliable approach for surgical treatment of canine shoulder OCD and can be considered a valid alternative to other surgical approaches including arthroscopy.
Profile of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Patients Suspected of Tuberculosis and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Megha , Malhotra Bharti , Tiwari Jitendra , Bhargava Shipra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective Infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is increasing globally and may present as drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB). In India, data on NTM prevalence and species diversity is limited. Present study was conducted to detect the prevalence and profile of NTM among patients suspected of DRTB using paraffin slide culture (PSC)and mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture methods for isolation of NTM.Material and Method A total of 2,938 samples suspected of TB/DRTB were cultured on PSC and MGIT960. Species identification of mycobacterial isolate was done by sequencing of 16s ribosomal RNA gene.Result Among 2938 samples, 35 (1.19%) were found positive for NTM by PSC and 9 (0.30%) were found positive by MGIT. The diversity of NTM species was high (13 species). Out of 35 NTM isolates by PSC, maximum 34.29% (12) isolates were found to be Mycobacterium fortuitum, followed by 11.43% (4) Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae, and 42.85% (15) were other species viz. 8.57% (3) were Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium kansasii, 5.71% (2) were Mycobacterium peregrinum, and 2.85% (1) were Mycobacterium flavescens, Mycobacterium farcinogenes, Mycobacterium moriokanese, Mycobacterium wolinskyi, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium goodii, and Mycobacterium terrae each. Coinfection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and NTM was found in 60% (21) samples.Conclusion Prevalence of NTM was low among multidrug resistant tuberculosis/TB suspected patients, similar to other studies done in India. PSC was found better than MGIT for the isolation of NTM, though poor separation of NTM and MTB on subculture may have led to false negativity in cases of coinfection. About 13 species were isolated; M. fortuitum was the most common of all. Since coinfection of NTM and TB can also occur, samples of patients suspected of NTM should be cultured on PSC even if positive for MTB.
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Clinically Significant Isolates from Medical Wards of a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Vaithiyam Venkatesh Sudharsan , Rastogi Neha , Ranjan Piyush , Mahishi Niranjan , Kapil Arti , Dwivedi Sada Nand , Soneja Manish , Wig Naveet , Biswas Ashutosh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground The global burden of infections due to multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) has a significant impact on patients’ morbidity and mortality along with increased healthcare expenditure.Aim This article estimates the prevalence of MDRO and the spectrum of clinical infectious syndromes caused by these organisms in medical wards of a tertiary care hospital in India.Design and Methods A cross-sectional observational study was performed among patients admitted in medicine wards diagnosed with the various infectious syndromes and one or more clinically significant positive culture at a tertiary care hospital in North India over a period of 18 months.Results Out of 323 clinically significant microbiological culture isolates from 229 patients included in the study, 86 (27%) isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern, 197 (61%) isolates showed possible extremely drug-resistance pattern, and only 40 (12%) isolates showed nonmultidrug-resistance pattern of antibiogram.Conclusion The prevalence of MRDOs is high in clinically significant culture isolates from medicine wards in India. This emphasizes the importance of appropriate antibiotic usage and implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs in this part of the world.
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors
Authors: Abrams Rachel P. M. , Yasgar Adam , Teramoto Tadahisa , Lee Myoung-Hwa , Dorjsuren Dorjbal , Eastman Richard T. , Malik Nasir , Zakharov Alexey V. , Li Wenxue , Bachani Muzna , Brimacombe Kyle , Steiner Joseph P. , Hall Matthew D. , Balasubramanian Anuradha , Jadhav Ajit , Padmanabhan Radhakrishnan , Simeonov Anton , Nath Avindra 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Infection with Zika virus can cause severe consequences in a subset of the patient population. When infection occurs during pregnancy, congenital abnormalities can occur. Additionally, the onset of Guillain–Barré syndrome, encephalitis, and myelitis are associated with Zika virus infection. We have identified several small molecules with favorable clinical profiles, including the five-lipoxygenase–activating protein inhibitor, MK-591, and the tetracycline antibiotic, methacycline, as inhibitors of Zika virus infection, the latter of which reduced neurological deficits in a Zika virus mouse model. These compounds have the potential to be used as prophylactics or for the treatment of the neurological complications of Zika virus infection.
Natural gas shortages during the “coal-to-gas” transition in China have caused a large redistribution of air pollution in winter 2017
Authors: Wang Siwen , Su Hang , Chen Chuchu , Tao Wei , Streets David G. , Lu Zifeng , Zheng Bo , Carmichael Gregory R. , Lelieveld Jos , Pöschl Ulrich , Cheng Yafang 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Improving air quality is an important driving force for China’s move toward clean energy and the extensive implementation of the “coal-to-gas” policy. Our analysis shows, however, that a shortage of natural gas during the implementation of the action in northern China has led to the transfer of pollution emissions and deterioration of air quality for large areas and populations in southern China during winter 2017. Our finding highlights the importance and necessity of synergy between environmental and energy policymaking to address the grand challenge of an actionable future to achieve the cobenefits of air quality, human health, and climate.