bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome and methylome analysis reveals three cellular origins of pituitary tumors
Authors: Taniguchi-Ponciano Keiko , Andonegui-Elguera Sergio , Peña-Martínez Eduardo , Silva-Román Gloria , Vela-Patiño Sandra , Gomez-Apo Erick , Chavez-Macias Laura , Vargas-Ortega Guadalupe , Espinosa-de-los-Monteros Laura , Gonzalez-Virla Baldomero , Perez Carolina , Ferreira-Hermosillo Aldo , Espinosa-Cardenas Etual , Ramirez-Renteria Claudia , Sosa Ernesto , Lopez-Felix Blas , Guinto Gerardo , Marrero-Rodríguez Daniel , Mercado Moises 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPituitary adenomas (PA) are the second most common intracranial tumors. These neoplasms are classified according to the hormone they produce. The majority of PA occur sporadically, and their molecular pathogenesis is incompletely understood. The present transcriptomic and methylomic analysis of PA revealed that they segregate into three molecular clusters according to the transcription factor driving their terminal differentiation. First cluster, driven by NR5A1, consists of clinically non-functioning PA (CNFPA), comprising gonadotrophinomas and null cell; the second cluster consists of clinically evident ACTH adenomas and silent corticotroph adenomas, driven by TBX19; and the third, POU1F1-driven TSH-, PRL- and GH-adenomas, segregated together. Genes such as CACNA2D4, EPHA4 and SLIT1, were upregulated in each of these three clusters, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed specific alterations of these clusters: calcium signaling pathway in CNFPA; renin-angiotensin system for ACTH-adenomas and fatty acid metabolism for the TSH-, PRL-, GH-cluster. Non-tumoral pituitary scRNAseq data confirmed that this clustering also occurs in normal cytodifferentiation. Deconvolution analysis identify potential mononuclear cell infiltrate in PA consists of dendritic, NK and mast cells. Our results are consistent with a divergent origin of PA, which segregate into three clusters that depend on the specific transcription factors driving late pituitary cytodifferentiation.
Formation of H3+ from ethane dication induced by electron impact
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ren Baihui , Yang Chuan-Lu , Wei Long , Wang Bo , Han Jie , Yu Wandong , Qi Yueying , Zou Yaming , Chen Li , Wang Enliang , Wei Baoren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrogen migration plays an important role in the chemistry of hydrocarbons which considerably influences their chemical functions. The migration of one or more hydrogen atoms occurring in hydrocarbon cations has an opportunity to produce the simplest polyatomic molecule, i.e. H3+. Here we present a combined experimental and theoretical study of H3+ formation dynamics from ethane dication. The experiment is performed by 300 eV electron impact ionization of ethane and a pronounced yield of H3+ + C2H3+ coincidence channel is observed. The quantum chemistry calculations show that the H3+ formation channel can be opened on the ground-state potential energy surface of ethane dication via transition state and roaming mechanisms. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulation shows that the H3+ can be generated in a wide time range from 70 to 500 fs. Qualitatively, the trajectories of the fast dissociation follow the intrinsic reaction coordinate predicted by the conventional transition state theory. The roaming mechanism, compared to the transition state, occurs within a much longer timescale accompanied by nuclear motion of larger amplitude.
Green nanogold activity in experimental breast carcinoma in vivo
Authors: Hendi Awatif A. , El-Nagar Doaa Mohamed , Awad Manal A. , Ortashi Khalid M. , Alnamlah Reema Abdullah , Merghani Nada M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Over the past few years, fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) has been deployed widely in technologies and many concerns have emerged about the hazardous effect on human health after NPs exposure.
Objective: Green synthesis of gold NPs (AuNPs) and assessment of their activity in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer mouse model.
Methods: Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) was used in formation of AuNPs with the help of Curcuma longa as aqueous reducing extract and stabilizing agent at room temperature. Formed NPs were characterized with UV-Vis spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zetasizer measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Virgin female albino mice with DMBA-induced breast cancer were treated with formed AuNPs for 5 consecutive days and were dissected after 28 days of the beginning of treatment.
Results: UV-Vis spectrometry showed absorbance maximum peak at 530 nm for formed AuNPs, FTIR confirmed formation of plant extract layer around formed NPs; zetasizer measurement revealed 278.2 nm as an average size of produced NPs; SEM and TEM approved formation of monodisperse spherical AuNPs. Biochemical analysis of untreated breast cancer group revealed marked changes in liver and kidney functions manifested by raised activity levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Whereas, the treated group with AuNPs post-breast cancer induction displayed reduction in the activities (of ALT, AST and creatinine), while the BUN activity level was raised. Histopathological examination showed heavy incidence of tumor foci in the breast and lymph nodes belonged to the untreated breast cancer group confirmed with intense response to Ki-67 antibodies. While the treated group with AuNPs post-breast cancer induction showed degenerated tumor foci in the breast and lymph nodes with weak response to Ki-67 antibodies.
Conclusion: AuNPs were successfully synthesized using HAuCl4 and C. longa extract confirmed their ability to control DMBA-induced breast cancer in virgin female Swiss albino mice.
Sustained Attention in Developmental Language Disorder and Its Relation to Working Memory and Language
Authors: Smolak Erin , McGregor Karla K. , Arbisi-Kelm Tim , Eden Nichole 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Based on evidence of deficits in domain-general cognitive abilities associated with developmental language disorder (DLD), the current study examined sustained attention performance in children with DLD compared to children with typical language development (TLD) and the interrelations between visual–spatial sustained attention, visual–spatial working memory, and language abilities across groups.

Method
Participants included 67 children at 7 years of age: 25 children with DLD (13 girls and 12 boys) and 42 children with TLD (23 girls and 19 boys). We assessed children's visual–spatial sustained attention, visual–spatial working memory, and language ability on a test of narrative language.

Result
Children with DLD scored significantly below their peers on a measure of visual–spatial sustained attention. Significant intercorrelations were observed between sustained attention, working memory, and language ability within the DLD group, but no correlations were observed between these measures in the TLD group.

Conclusion
Children with DLD have domain-general deficits in sustained attention, and correlational results have implications for whether and how language abilities are supported by domain-general cognition in both typical and disordered development.
Rotational spectroscopic study of S-methyl thioformate
Authors: Jabri A. , Tercero B. , Margulès L. , Motiyenko R. A. , Alekseev E. A. , Kleiner I. , Cernicharo J. , Guillemin J.-C. 
Published: November 2020

Context. S-methyl thioformate CH3SC(O)H is a monosulfur derivative of methyl formate, a relatively abundant component of the interstellar medium (ISM). S-methyl thioformate being, thermodynamically, the most stable isomer, it can be reasonably proposed for detection in the ISM.
Aims. This work aims to experimentally study and theoretically analyze the ground and first torsional excited states for CH3SC(O)H in a large spectral range for astrophysical use.
Methods. S-methyl thioformate was synthesized as a result of a reaction of methyl mercaptan with acetic-formic anhydride. The millimeter-wave spectrum was then recorded for the first time from 150 to 660 GHz with the solid-state spectrometer located at Lille.
Results. A set of 3545 lines is determined and combined with 54 previously measured lines in the microwave region, belonging to ground state νt = 0 as well as 1391 transitions in the first excited state of torsion ν18 = 1. Some 164 lines were also assigned to ν18 = 2 for the A-species. A global fit was performed using the BELGI-Cs code taking into account the large splitting of A and E lines due to methyl internal rotation motion with a relatively low barrier, V3 = 127.4846(15) cm−1.
Conclusions. Using our spectroscopy work, a deep search of S-methyl thioformate was carried out in the IRAM 30 m and ALMA data of different high-mass star-forming regions (Orion KL and Sgr B2). We derived an upper limit to the CH3SC(O)H column density in these regions.
Searching for proto-planets with MUSE
Authors: Xie C. , Haffert S. Y. , de Boer J. , Kenworthy M. A. , Brinchmann J. , Girard J. , Snellen I. A. G. , Keller C. U. 
Published: November 2020

Context. Protoplanetary disks contain structures such as gaps, rings, and spirals, which are thought to be produced by the interaction between the disk and embedded protoplanets. However, only a few planet candidates are found orbiting within protoplanetary disks, and most of them are being challenged as having been confused with disk features.
Aims. The VLT/MUSE discovery of PDS 70 c demonstrated a powerful way of searching for still-forming protoplanets by targeting accretion signatures with medium-resolution integral field spectroscopy. We aim to discover more proto-planetary candidates with MUSE, with a secondary aim of improving the high-resolution spectral differential imaging (HRSDI) technique by analyzing the instrumental residuals of MUSE.
Methods. We analyzed MUSE observations of five young stars with various apparent brightnesses and spectral types. We applied the HRSDI technique to perform high-contrast imaging. The detection limits were estimated using fake planet injections.
Results. With a 30 min integration time, MUSE can reach 5σ detection limits in apparent Hα line flux down to 10−14 and 10−15 erg s−1 cm−2 at 0.075′′ and 0.25′′, respectively. In addition to PDS 70 b and c, we did not detect any clear accretion signatures in PDS 70, J1850-3147, and V1094 Sco down to 0.1′′. MUSE avoids the small sample statistics problem by measuring the noise characteristics in the spatial direction at multiple wavelengths. We detected two asymmetric atomic jets in HD 163296 with a very high spatial resolution (down to 8 au) and medium spectral resolution (R ~ 2500).
Conclusions. The HRSDI technique when applied to MUSE data allows us to reach the photon noise limit at small separations (i.e., <0.5′′). With the combination of high-contrast imaging and medium spectral resolution, MUSE can achieve fainter detection limits in apparent line flux than SPHERE/ZIMPOL by a factor of ~5. MUSE has some instrumental issues that limit the contrast that appear in cases with strong point sources, which can be either a spatial point source due to high Strehl observations or a spectral point source due to a high line-to-continuum ratio. We modified the HRSDI technique to better handle the instrumental artifacts and improve the detection limits. To avoid the instrumental effects altogether, we suggest faint young stars with relatively low Hα line-to-continuum ratio to be the most suitable targets for MUSE to search for potential protoplanets.
Thermal-nonthermal energy partition in solar flares derived from X-ray, EUV, and bolometric observations
Authors: Warmuth A. , Mann G. 
Published: November 2020

Context.In solar flares, energy is released impulsively and is partly converted into thermal energy of hot plasmas and kinetic energy of accelerated nonthermal particles. It is crucial to constrain the partition of these two energy components to understand energy release and transport as well as particle acceleration in solar flares. Despite numerous efforts, no consensus on quantifying this energy balance has yet been reached.Aims.We aim to understand the reasons for the contradicting results on energy partition obtained by various recent studies. The overarching question we address is whether there is sufficient energy in nonthermal particles to account for the thermal flare component.Methods.We considered five recent studies that address the thermal-nonthermal energy partition in solar flares. Their results are reviewed, and their methods are compared and discussed in detail.Results.The main uncertainties in deriving the energy partition are identified as (a) the derivation of the differential emission measure distribution and (b) the role of the conductive energy loss for the thermal component, as well as (c) the determination of the low-energy cutoff for the injected electrons. The bolometric radiated energy, as a proxy for the total energy released in the flare, is a useful independent constraint on both thermal and nonthermal energetics. In most of the cases, the derived energetics are consistent with this constraint. There are indications that the thermal-nonthermal energy partition changes with flare strength: in weak flares, there appears to be a deficit of energetic electrons, while the injected nonthermal energy is sufficient to account for the thermal component in strong flares. This behavior is identified as the main cause of the dissimilar results in the studies we considered. The changing partition has two important consequences: (a) an additional direct (i.e. non-beam) heating mechanism has to be present, and (b) considering that the bolometric emission originates mainly from deeper atmospheric layers, conduction or waves are required as additional energy transport mechanisms.
Heritage education under evaluation: the usefulness, efficiency and effectiveness of heritage education programmes
Authors: Castro-Calviño Leticia , Rodríguez-Medina Jairo , López-Facal Ramón 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe evaluation of programmes is necessary in order to improve their implementation and development. This paper includes the results of the evaluation of a heritage education programme entitled Patrimonializarte. It was carried out over the course of one academic year with six groups of early years, primary and secondary schoolchildren from two schools in Galicia (Spain). A holistic conception of heritage was assumed, and the evaluations of the opinion groups were gathered, analysing those of 59 direct and indirect agents (teachers, families, local heritage managers and members of the local authorities. The data were collected via questionnaires with open responses and discourse analysis was performed on the responses. The most significant results show that: (a) the teachers valued the methodology and the objectives achieved extremely positively; (b) the families particularly valued the significant learning achieved by their children regarding elements of local heritage; and (c) the local authorities and heritage managers valued the programme as it has demonstrated the need for more collaboration with schools. The programme analysed has been shown to be useful, efficient and effective and has achieved a (largely unexpected) impact on the families involved and on the local community.
How apes get into and out of joint actions
Authors: Genty Emilie , Heesen Raphaela , Guéry Jean-Pascal , Rossano Federico , Zuberbühler Klaus , Bangerter Adrian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCompared to other animals, humans appear to have a special motivation to share experiences and mental states with others (Clark, 2006;Grice, 1975), which enables them to enter a condition of ‘we’ or shared intentionality (Tomasello & Carpenter, 2005). Shared intentionality has been suggested to be an evolutionary response to unique problems faced in complex joint action coordination (Levinson, 2006;Tomasello, Carpenter, Call, Behne, & Moll, 2005) and to be unique to humans (Tomasello, 2014). The theoretical and empirical bases for this claim, however, present several issues and inconsistencies. Here, we suggest that shared intentionality can be approached as an interactional achievement, and that by studying how our closest relatives, the great apes, coordinate joint action with conspecifics, we might demonstrate some correlate abilities of shared intentionality, such as the appreciation of joint commitment. We provide seven examples from bonobo joint activities to illustrate our framework.
Usage of social networks by digital natives as a new communication platform for interpersonal communication
Authors: Kahraman Ece , Gokasan Tutku Akter , Ozad Bahire Efe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Social Networking Sites (SNS), particularly Facebook (FB) have become extremely popular among digital natives, especially
university-level students. Moreover, they sometimes may see social networks as an extension of their lives (boyd, 2014) which can be called as a new communication platform for interpersonal communication. For the purpose
of the study, interpersonal communication skills (ICS) levels explored in four sub-sections both in the social and e-social
environments.1 Digital natives’ IPC skills were measured to figure out whether there is any
statistically difference between both environments. Interpersonal Communication Skills Inventory (Social Learning, 2002) is used as an
instrument for the present study.
Quantum optics of an oscillator falling into a black hole
Authors: Raine Derek , Abel Paul G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a quantum optics treatment of the near horizon behaviour of a quantum oscillator freely-falling into a pre-existing Schwarzschild black hole. We use Painlevé–Gullstrand coordinates to define a global vacuum state. In contrast to an accelerated oscillator in the Minkowski vacuum, where there is no radiation beyond an initial transient, we find that the oscillator radiates positive energy to infinity and negative energy into the black hole as it attempts to come into equilibrium with the ambient vacuum. We discuss the relationship of the model to Hawking radiation.
Corrigendum: Motion of the gyroscope with equal conserved angular momenta (2020 Eur. J. Phys.
41 025004)
Authors: Tanrıverdi V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the article ‘Motion of the gyroscope with equal conserved angular momenta’ (Tanrıverdi 2020 Eur. J. Phys.
41 025004), we have mentioned that spin reversal is possible, but it is only possible for a ‘pseudotop’ or ‘mathematical top’, not for a physical top.
Charge-induced high-performance actuation of borophene
Authors: Thanh Vuong V , Van Nguyen D , Truong Do V , Hung Nguyen T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Borophene, a two-dimensional material, has grown fast in the nanomaterials field because of its unique electronic and mechanical properties. In this work, we demonstrate that the unique properties of borophene make this material with a high-performance electromechanical actuator by using first-principles calculations. We find a high Young’s modulus about 376.55 N m−1 of a striped borophene, which is larger than that of graphene (∼336 N m−1) in the unit of N m−1. In addition, upon hole injection, maximum actuator strain is up to 1.67% that is over 7 times larger than that of graphene at the same value of hole doping (0.04 e/atom). Therefore, the striped borophene shows a high work-area-density per cycle of 22 MJ m−3·nm, it is approximately 28 and 11 times larger than that of graphene (0.78 MJ m−3·nm) and metallic 1T-MoS2 (2.05 MJ m−3·nm), respectively. Furthermore, the striped borophene still maintains the metal property under charge doping. Thus, an actuator device based on borophene can work under a low applied voltage. Finally, the charge doping effects on the mechanical strength of borophene are investigated. Interestingly, the mechanical strength is increased by 15.8% in the case of electron doping.
High-sensitivity photoelectrochemical visible-blind ultraviolet detector using SrTiO3 nanocrystalline for weak irradiation
Authors: Zhu Ziran , Wei Kun , Li Hui , Li Xiaopeng , Li Baoping , Gu Xiuyun , Chen Lulu , Zhou Jinyuan , Pan Xiaojun , Wang Youqing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We have demonstrated a photoelectrochemical solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) detector based on SrTiO3 (STO) nanocrystalline film in this work. The assembled UV detector presents a high on/off ratio of about 6433 under periodic UV irradiation, a high photocurrent density of 220.6 μA cm−2, and a fast response time of 9 ms. By introducing a block layer (BL) on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate, the response and decay times are shortened to 6 ms and 8 ms, respectively. The BL plays a crucial part in hindering the recombination of electrons from electrolyte carriers and avoiding short circuits. Due to its excellent light capture capability, the detector based on SrTiO3 nanocrystalline exhibits high sensitivity to weak UV light (5 μW cm−2). Moreover, the detector also exhibits visible-blind characteristics and a good linear response.
Non-volatile reconfigurable spin logic device: parallel operations
Authors: Patra Moumita , Shukla Alok , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new proposal is given for designing a non-volatile, completely spin logic device, that can be reprogrammed for different functional classical logical operations. We use the concept of bias driven spin dependent circular current and current induced magnetic field in a quantum ring under asymmetric ring-to-electrode interface configuration to implement all the Boolean operations. We extend our idea to build two kinds of parallel computing architectures for getting parallelized operations, all at a particular time. For one case, different kinds of parallel operations are performed in a single device, whereas in the other type all the possible inputs of a logic gate are processed in parallel and all the outputs are read simultaneously. The performance and reliability are investigated in terms of power, delay and power-delay-product and finally the system temperature. We find that both the individual and simultaneous logic operations studied here are much superior compared to the operations performed in different conventional logic families like complementary metal oxide semiconductor logic, transistor-transistor logic, etc. The key advantage is that we can perform several logic operations, as many as we wish, repeating the same or different logic gates using a single setup, which indeed reduces wiring in the circuits and hence consumes much less power. Our analysis can be utilized to design optimized logic circuits an nano-scale level.
Current–voltage characteristics and photovoltaic effect of a Au/ZnFe2O4/GaN Schottky junction
Authors: Ghimire Santosh , Dho Joonghoe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A Au/ZnFe2O4/GaN Schottky junction with a semiconducting heteroepitaxial ZnFe2O4 insertion layer was prepared by using a combined synthesis process of pulsed laser deposition and sputtering. The current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of the Schottky junction, as well as its photovoltaic effect, were investigated under dark conditions or ultraviolet (UV) or blue illumination. Insertion of the semiconducting ZnFe2O4 interlayer clearly induced an increase in the rectification ratio. Based on I–V measurements in a forward bias region, the barrier height and ideality factor of the Au/ZnFe2O4/GaN junction were estimated to be about 0.89 eV and 1.58, respectively. On the other hand, C–V measurement in a reversed bias region suggested a relatively larger barrier height of ∼1.32 eV. The Au/ZnFe2O4/GaN junction showed an open-circuit voltage of ∼0.5 V under UV light and a clear switching photocurrent behavior with UV ON/OFF. A schematic band model with two interfaces, Au/ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/GaN, was proposed to explain the measured barrier heights in forward and reverse bias regions.