bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on corrosion behavior of TWIP steel and properties of surface electroless Ni-P coatings
Authors: Yang Minghui , Yue Lijie , Xie Kun , Zhang Shuxin , Sun Yipin , Tan Yunliang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, the corrosion behavior and corrosion resistance of TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) steels in the industrial atmospheric environment were studied by dry-wet cycle immersion test and electrochemical experiments. The results showed that the corrosion rates of TWIP steel gradually decreased with the increase of corrosion time. A layer of corrosion products was formed on the surface of TWIP steel during alternating immersion accelerated corrosion process, whose main components were Fe3O4 and α-FeOOH. With the prolongation of corrosion time, the rust layer on the surface of TWIP steel had a certain protective effect on the steel matrix. The adherent and defect-free electroless nickel–phosphorus (Ni-P) coatings were prepared on TWIP steels. Electrochemical test results showed the corrosion current density of the coating was about six times lower than that of TWIP steel substrate, indicating that the coating effectively improved corrosion resistance of TWIP steel and protected the steel substrate from erosion of corrosive ions. Additionally, the surface microhardness of TWIP steel was significantly increased after electroless Ni-P plating treatment.
The Potential Impact of Plastic Surgery Expertise on Body Contouring Procedure Outcomes
Authors: Bezzini Dylan R , Washington George N , Abiodun Olumayowa , Olufajo Olubode A , Jones India , Butts DeMario Montez , Ortega Gezzer , Paul Henry 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
With the increasing demand for body contouring procedures in the United States over the past 2 decades, more surgeons with diverse specialty training are performing these procedures. However, little is known regarding the comparative outcomes of these patients.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of body contouring procedures based on the specialty training of the surgeon.

Methods
Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005-2015) were reviewed for all body contouring procedures. Patients were stratified by surgeon training (plastic surgery [PS] vs general surgery [GS]). Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to evaluate differences in outcomes.

Results
A total of 11,658 patients were included; 9502 PS cases and 2156 GS cases. Most were women (90.4%), aged 40 to 59 (52.7%) and white (79.5%). Compared with PS patients, GS patients were more likely to be obese (61.4% vs 40.6%), smokers (13.6% vs 9.8%), and with ASA classification ≥3 (35.3% vs 18.6%) (all P &lt; 0.001). Abdominal contouring procedures were the most common (76%) cases. Multivariate regression revealed that compared with PS cases, those performed by GS practitioners were associated with increased wound and infectious complications (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-2.27), reoperation (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.31-2.62), and predicted mean length of stay (1.12 days; 95% CI, 0.64-1.60 days).

Conclusions
The variable outcomes in body contouring procedures performed by PS compared with GS practitioners may imply procedural-algorithmic differences between the subspecialties, leading to the noted outcome differential.

Level of Evidence: 2
Increased glutamate transporter-associated anion currents cause glial apoptosis in episodic ataxia 6
Authors: Kovermann Peter , Untiet Verena , Kolobkova Yulia , Engels Miriam , Baader Stephan , Schilling Karl , Fahlke Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEpisodic ataxia type 6 is an inherited neurological condition characterized by combined ataxia and epilepsy. A severe form of this disease with episodes combining ataxia, epilepsy and hemiplegia was recently associated with a proline to arginine substitution at position 290 of the excitatory amino acid transporter 1 in a heterozygous patient. The excitatory amino acid transporter 1 is the predominant glial glutamate transporter in the cerebellum. However, this glutamate transporter also functions as an anion channel and earlier work in heterologous expression systems demonstrated that the mutation impairs the glutamate transport rate, while increasing channel activity. To understand how these changes cause ataxia, we developed a constitutive transgenic mouse model. Transgenic mice display epilepsy, ataxia and cerebellar atrophy and, thus, closely resemble the human disease. We observed increased glutamate-activated chloride efflux in Bergmann glia that triggers the apoptosis of these cells during infancy. The loss of Bergmann glia results in reduced glutamate uptake and impaired neural network formation in the cerebellar cortex. This study shows how gain-of-function of glutamate transporter-associated anion channels causes ataxia through modifying cerebellar development.
Canada's New Feminist International Assistance Policy: Business as Usual?
Authors: Parisi Laura 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper asks to what extent does Canada's new Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP) represent a more transformational and intersectional approach to gender equality and neoliberal international development? In other words, what is “new” about Canada's international development policy when it comes to gender equality and women's empowerment? Through a critical examination of the discourses of economic development in the FIAP on poverty, trade, market citizenship, and the private sector, I argue that the FIAP embodies both neoliberal feminism as well as feminist neoliberalism, which limit the transformational potential and impact of the FIAP on gender and international development strategies.
Dose–Response Association Between Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Incidence of Functional Disability in Older Japanese Adults: A 6-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Chen Tao , Honda Takanori , Chen Sanmei , Narazaki Kenji , Kumagai Shuzo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in bouts of &lt;10 minutes protects against disability risks or if only 10 minutes bouts of MVPA is critical. Additionally, it is unclear whether light physical activity (LPA) or its accumulation patterns is associated with functional disability.MethodsA total of 1,687 adults aged ≥65 years and without functional disability at baseline were followed up for 6 years. Functional disability was identified using the database of Japan’s Long-term Care Insurance System. Physical activity was measured using a tri-axial accelerometer secured to the waist.ResultsFunctional disability was identified in 274 participants (16.2%). When examined as quartiles, higher levels of all MVPA measures were dose-dependently associated with lower risk of functional disability. Associations of MVPA in ≥10 and &lt;10 minutes bouts remained significant in a mutually adjusted model. Neither total LPA nor LPA in bout of ≥10 minutes, but LPA in bouts of &lt;10 minutes was associated with functional disability. Analyses using restricted cubic spline functions showed that associations of all MVPA measures and LPA in bouts of &lt;10 minutes with functional disability were linear (p for nonlinear &gt;.05). The hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence interval [CI]) for functional disability per 10 minutes increment of total MVPA and LPA in bout of &lt;10 minutes were 0.86 (0.81–0.92) and 0.96 (0.93–0.99), respectively.ConclusionsHigher MVPA, regardless accumulation patterns, or LPA in bouts of &lt;10 minutes was associated with lower risk of functional disability in a linear dose–response manner in older adults.
Naming Plantations: Toponyms and the Construction of the Plantation System in the English Atlantic
Authors: Musselwhite Paul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This essay pioneers a critical approach to place naming in early America, which offers new insight into the evolving definition of plantation. In early seventeenth-century England, planting was understood as a public effort to establish new commonwealths. Only gradually around the Atlantic world did plantations become predominantly associated with private places producing staple crops with enslaved labor. This essay uses the radically underutilized evidence of place-names to explore how this slippage occurred on the ground, and the way it shaped, and was shaped by, the individuals who embraced the status of “planter.” The names that individuals gave to the places they called plantations reveal how they perceived the plantation and the political, economic, and social relations it structured. By analyzing data from nearly 5,000 named tracts of land patented in four Maryland counties between 1634 and 1750, this essay charts the changing popularity of distinct elements within plantation names, including geographic descriptors, affects of the landowner, and European place-names. It reveals there was no straightforward rush to carve up the land into privatized commercial units. Instead, individuals initially structured plantations around communal frameworks defined variously by manorialism, urban civic traditions, and shared geographic lexicons. As the tobacco economy consolidated into the hands of a slave-owning class, plantation names reframed places as subjective manifestations of planter identities. These conclusions adjust our understanding of the transition to capitalism and slavery in Maryland and they also offer a blueprint for a broader toponymy of the plantation in the Atlantic world.
Unauthorized Storytelling: Reevaluating Racial Politics in Julia Alvarez’s In the Time of the Butterflies
Authors: Zimmerman Tegan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article revisits Julia Alvarez’s critically acclaimed historical novel In the Time of the Butterflies (1994). While much scholarship has paid attention to the novel as historiographic metafiction, its depiction of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo’s regime (1930-61), and its feminist perspective on the Dominican Republic, its racial politics are under-studied. In particular, scholars have overlooked Fela, the Afra-Dominican servant, spirit medium, and storyteller. I argue that studying Fela’s presence in the text as an unauthorized and unauthored voice not only adds complexity to the production of historiography and storytelling but also provides new insight into postcolonial feminist critiques of voice/lessness, narrative, and marginalized identities in the novel and criticism on it. Closely analyzing Fela’s voice—as it intersects with storytelling, historical slave narratives, Vodou, the maternal, and Haiti’s contribution to the Dominican Republic’s history—makes visible the unacknowledged yet essential role of the Afra-Dominican not only in this novel specifically but also to the Dominican Republic more generally.
Mutation effect estimation on protein–protein interactions using deep contextualized representation learning
Authors: Zhou Guangyu , Chen Muhao , Ju Chelsea J T , Wang Zheng , Jiang Jyun-Yu , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe functional impact of protein mutations is reflected on the alteration of conformation and thermodynamics of protein–protein interactions (PPIs). Quantifying the changes of two interacting proteins upon mutations is commonly carried out by computational approaches. Hence, extensive research efforts have been put to the extraction of energetic or structural features on proteins, followed by statistical learning methods to estimate the effects of mutations on PPI properties. Nonetheless, such features require extensive human labors and expert knowledge to obtain, and have limited abilities to reflect point mutations. We present an end-to-end deep learning framework, MuPIPR (Mutation Effects in Protein–protein Interaction PRediction Using Contextualized Representations), to estimate the effects of mutations on PPIs. MuPIPR incorporates a contextualized representation mechanism of amino acids to propagate the effects of a point mutation to surrounding amino acid representations, therefore amplifying the subtle change in a long protein sequence. On top of that, MuPIPR leverages a Siamese residual recurrent convolutional neural encoder to encode a wild-type protein pair and its mutation pair. Multi-layer perceptron regressors are applied to the protein pair representations to predict the quantifiable changes of PPI properties upon mutations. Experimental evaluations show that, with only sequence information, MuPIPR outperforms various state-of-the-art systems on estimating the changes of binding affinity for SKEMPI v1, and offers comparable performance on SKEMPI v2. Meanwhile, MuPIPR also demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on estimating the changes of buried surface areas. The software implementation is available at https://github.com/guangyu-zhou/MuPIPR.
Syntactic Argumentation
Authors: Aarts Bas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to discuss the role of syntactic argumentation in the description of English grammar. The chapter first discusses some of the general principles that are used in syntactic argumentation, namely economy and elegance, which are regarded as two dimensions of simplicity. These principles are then exemplified in a number of case studies. The final section discusses how argumentation can be used to establish constituency in clauses.
Grammar and Discourse
Authors: Bowie Jill , Popova Gergana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis chapter reviews the relationship between grammar and discourse in English from three different perspectives. First, it focuses on the challenges for grammatical analysis of looking beyond the sentence to the level of discourse. These include difficulties in delimiting grammatical units, in analysing ellipsis, and in accounting for the clause fragments found frequently in spoken interaction. The second perspective, that of the discourse analysis tradition, concerns how particular grammatical choices help to shape discourse so that different ideologies are suggested or different attitudes expressed. The discussion here focuses on choices in the areas of transitivity, nominalization, modality, and stance. From the third perspective, language use in discourse can be seen as shaping grammar: frequent patterns of use can result in grammatical changes and in the development of new functional resources through grammaticalization processes. This is illustrated with examples from both spoken and written discourse.
The Effects of Chronic Preoperative Opioid Use on Single-level Lumbar Fusion Outcomes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sarah , Pirkle Sean , Shi Lewis L. , Lee Michael J. 
Published: March 2020

Study Design:
A retrospective study using a national insurance claims database.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between chronic preoperative opioids and the outcomes of revision surgery and nonunion after single-level lumbar fusion.

Summary of Background Data:
Opioids are widely utilized for pain management before spine procedures. Studies have associated opioids with unfavorable postoperative outcomes, and animal models have also linked opioid administration with unstable bone healing.

Methods:
Single-level lumbar fusion patients were identified. Patients with any fracture history within 1 year before surgery were excluded. A chronic preoperative opioid cohort was defined by opioids prescriptions within 3 months prior and within 4–6 months before surgery. The rates of revision surgery within 6 months and nonunion within 6–24 months after surgery were assessed. Univariate analyses of chronic preoperative opioid prescriptions and various comorbidities for revision and nonunion were conducted followed by multivariate analyses controlling for these factors. Individual analyses were run for each of the 3 single-level lumbar fusion procedures.

Results:
A total of 8494 single-level lumbar fusion patients were identified. Of the 3929 (46.3%) patients filled criteria for the chronic preoperative opioid cohort, while 3250 (38.3%) patients had no opioid prescriptions within 6 months before surgery. The opioid cohort experienced significantly higher rates of both revisions (3.92% vs. 2.71%, P=0.005) and nonunion (3.84% vs. 2.89%, P=0.027) relative to the opioid-naive cohort. In the multivariate analyses, chronic preoperative opioids were identified as an independent risk factor for revision (odds ratio: 1.453, P=0.006).

Conclusions:
We report that chronic opioid prescriptions before lumbar fusion may increase the risk of revision. Although these prescriptions were also associated with increased nonunion, the comparisons did not achieve statistical significance in the multivariate model. Chronic preoperative opioid use may be considered a potential risk factor in arthrodesis populations.
A Faculty Development Model that Promotes Success of Early Career Faculty in Academic Medicine
Authors: Sandi Giselle , Chubinskaya Susan 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
Medical school offices of faculty development aim to facilitate the academic growth of junior faculty by fostering independent research, enhancing teaching skills, and bolstering career opportunities. The Rush Research Mentoring Program aims to achieve this goal at Rush University medical center by offering a broad resource armamentarium and creating an environment that fosters productive relationships between mentees and mentors. This article describes the program's structure, evaluation, outcomes, and the university vision for its future.

Methods:
The program's contributions to the overall success of the University were measured by scholarly productivity, intramural and extramural funding, junior faculty retention, and mentee satisfaction with the program from its inception in 2006 until 2018.

Results:
Over 12 years, mentees have collectively received 639 grants. Of the 130 mentees who have completed the 5-year program and transitioned to program alumni, 65% have been retained as faculty members, with 40% receiving promotions to associate professor and 5% to full professor. Mentees report frequent use of the available resources and high satisfaction with the program.

Discussion:
We anticipate that structured mentoring programs with institutionally supported professional development activities and strategic mentor–mentee partnerships can be successfully adopted at similar academic medical centers.
Acute Spontaneous Rupture of the Superior Ophthalmic Vein
Authors: Vahdani Kaveh , Rose Geoffrey E. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
To describe patients presenting with sudden onset of localized hemorrhage from a presumed acute spontaneous rupture of the superior ophthalmic vein.

Methods:
A retrospective review of the pattern of presentation, clinical implications and outcomes, and the characteristic imaging and histologic features.

Results:
Six patients (5 men; 84%) presented at a mean age of 45 years (range 15–72), with the commonest symptoms and signs being acute onset of Valsalva-negative proptosis (mean 3.3 mm; range 0–7 mm), orbital pain, and diplopia; none had a known precipitating factor (such as severe Valsalva maneuver or coagulopathy). Two patients developed a mild optic neuropathy. Imaging revealed a well-defined, ovoid, homogenous soft-tissue mass above (2 cases), superomedially to (3 cases), or below the superior ophthalmic vein; the masses were typically echogenic on B-mode ultrasonography, and there was no detectable internal blood-flow. Resolution of signs and symptoms was noted in 5 patients over an average of 4.6 months (range 3–7 months), while 1 patient—the youngest—required excision of a persistent mass with increasing exophthalmos and early optic neuropathy.

Conclusions:
Well-localized hemorrhage from the mid-part of the superior ophthalmic vein is very rare and appears to occur spontaneously in the absence of a detectable venous-lymphatic anomaly. This event might imply a spontaneous “blowout” from an area of mural susceptibility in this part of the superior ophthalmic vein, thus forming a pseudoaneurysm. In most cases, the clinical signs slowly improve over several months, surgical intervention is not required, and recurrence appears very infrequent.
Are Patients With Schizophrenia Better Off With Lifetime Antipsychotic Medication?
Authors: Glick Ira D. , Zamora Daisy , Davis John M. , Suryadevara Uma , Goldenson Andrea , Kamis Danielle 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Purpose/Background
The question of whether people with schizophrenia should be treated with antipsychotics for life has been debated for decades. We recently reported results of 2 retrospective long-term naturalistic studies examining the association of medication adherence and global outcomes in different demographic samples. In both, we found that patients with a history of better adherence to antipsychotic medication had better quality of life outcomes. Using similar methodology, here we present such associations for a very different sample—patients with chronic schizophrenia with a long past history of antipsychotic treatment that had been treated for 19 to 53 years in a Veterans Affairs clinic.

Methods
This is a retrospective, naturalistic, longitudinal 19- to 53-year (mean average, 33.5 years) lifetime follow-up of a consecutive series of patients with schizophrenia, who had at least 8 years of antipsychotic treatment. Lifetime data were collected on (1) their medication adherence, (2) long-term global outcome, and (3) life satisfaction. Outcomes were rated by 2 different clinicians, one with information on medication adherence (nonblind rater) and one without (blind rater). Linear regression models, adjusted for age, family support, substance use disorder, race, marital status, and number of years in treatment were used to estimate the association between adherence and each outcome.

Results
A total of 20 patients were assessed. Medication adherence was positively associated with the blind clinician's rating of global outcome (P = 0.049) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (P = 0.021). In the nonblinded clinician's rating, medication adherence was positively related to global outcome (P = 0.001) and to the patient's report of life satisfaction (P = 0.028).

Implications/Conclusions
This replication study, together with our previous 2 studies, is consistent with the recommendation for continuous, long-term treatment for chronic schizophrenia over many years of a patient's lifetime unless medically contraindicated.