bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMDA and purinergic processes modulate neck muscle activity evoked by noxious stimulation of dura
Authors: Yao Dongyuan , Li Jian , Yoshida Mitsuhiro , Sessle Barry J. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate are associated with some headache conditions, and purinergic (P2X) and glutamatergic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor‐related processes in the medulla can modulate the effects of trigeminal nociceptive afferent inputs into the brainstem on craniofacial sensorimotor circuits. This study aimed to test whether neck muscle activity can be induced in rats by noxious stimulation of the frontal dura or superior sagittal sinus that involves P2X or NMDA receptor‐dependent mechanisms.MethodsWhile electromyographic activities of neck and craniofacial muscles were being recorded in anesthetized rats (n = 46), the inflammatory irritant mustard oil (0.2 µL, 20% MO) or vehicle (mineral oil) was topically applied to the dura or sinus, preceded by 10 µL of the ATP antagonist 2′,3′‐O‐(2,4,6‐ trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (TNP‐ATP, 0.1 mmol/L; n = 8) or 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (APV, 0.05 mmol/L; n = 7) or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS as vehicle control; n = 10).ResultsApplication of MO but not vehicle to the frontal dura significantly increased (P < .05) neck electromyographic activity whereas MO application to the superior sagittal sinus did not significantly increase neck electromyographic activity unless MO had previously been applied to the dura. Pre‐treatment (i.t.) with TNP‐ATP or APV but not vehicle control significantly reduced neck electromyographic activity evoked by MO application to the dura.ConclusionsThese data suggest that noxious stimulation of the frontal dura (but not superior sagittal sinus) may enhance neck muscle activity that is P2X and NMDA receptor‐dependent. These effects may contribute to neck muscle stiffness that occurs in some headache conditions.
Melatonin receptor ligands: A pharmaco‐chemical perspective
Authors: Boutin Jean A. , Witt‐Enderby Paula A. , Sotriffer Christoph , Zlotos Darius P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMelatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor ligands have been vigorously explored for the last 4 decades. Inspection of approximately 80 publications in the field revealed that most melatonergic ligands were structural analogues of melatonin combining three essential features of the parent compound: an aromatic ring bearing a methoxy group and an amide side chain in a relative arrangement similar to that present in melatonin. While several series of MT2‐selective agents—agonists, antagonists, or partial agonists—were reported, the field was lacking MT1‐selective agents. Herein, we describe various approaches toward the development of melatonergic ligands, keeping in mind that most of the molecules/pharmacophores obtained were essentially melatonin copies, even though diverse tri‐ or tetra‐cyclic compounds were explored. In addition to lack of structural diversity, only few studies examined the activity of the reported melatonergic ligands in vivo. Moreover, an extensive pharmacological characterization including biopharmaceutical stability, pharmacokinetic properties, specificity toward other major receptors to name a few remained scarce. For example, many of the antagonists described were not stable in vivo, were not selective for the melatonin receptor subtype of interest, and were not fully characterized from a pharmacological standpoint. Indeed, virtual screening of large compound libraries has led to the recent discovery of potent and selective melatonin receptor agonists and partial agonists of new chemotypes. Having said this, the melatonergic field is still lacking subtype‐selective melatonin receptor antagonists “active” in vivo, which are critical to our understanding of melatonin and melatonin receptors’ role in basic physiology and disease.
Beyond Husserl and Schütz. Hermann Schmitz and Neophenomenological Sociology
Authors: Gugutzer Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhenomenological sociology is one of the most recognized approaches for explaining the constitution of social behaviour and the construction of social reality. To this day, phenomenological sociology usually belongs to the tradition of Edmund Husserl's transcendental phenomenology and to Alfred Schütz's mundane phenomenology, thus generally presenting itself as sociology of lifeworld, sociology of everyday life, and sociology of knowledge. In contrast to this, this paper intends to outline an alternative kind of phenomenological sociology that finds its philosophical foundation in Hermann Schmitz's “New Phenomenology”. With regards especially to Schmitz's theory of the felt body (“Leib”) and his theory of situation, the basic principles ofNeophenomenological Sociology(NPS) will be introduced. Their main components are (1) felt body and affective involvement as the pre‐personal apriori of sociality, (2) felt‐bodily communication as the basic unit of sociality, and (3) joint situations as the socio‐ontological foundation and empirical manifestation of sociality. With these specific key concepts, NPS proves itself to be a socio‐theoretical approach whose foremost strength is that it can identify and properly analyse thepathicdimensions of social behaviour and social situations that social sciences tend to overlook.
Mouse parotid salivary gland organoids for the in vitro study of stem cell radiation response
Authors: Serrano Martinez Paola , Cinat Davide , van Luijk Peter , Baanstra Mirjam , de Haan Gerald , Pringle Sarah , Coppes Robert P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveHyposalivation‐related xerostomia is an irreversible, untreatable, and frequent condition after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Stem cell therapy is an attractive option of treatment, but demands knowledge of stem cell functioning. Therefore, we aimed to develop a murine parotid gland organoid model to explore radiation response of stem cells in vitro.Materials and MethodsSingle cells derived from murine parotid gland organoids were passaged in Matrigel with defined medium to assess self‐renewal and differentiation potential. Single cells were irradiated and plated in a 3D clonogenic stem cell survival assay to assess submandibular and parotid gland radiation response.ResultsSingle cells derived from parotid gland organoids were able to extensively self‐renew and differentiate into all major tissue cell types, indicating the presence of potential stem cells. FACS selection for known salivary gland stem cell markers CD24/CD29 did not further enrich for stem cells. The parotid gland organoid‐derived stem cells displayed radiation dose–response curves similar to the submandibular gland.ConclusionsMurine parotid gland organoids harbor stem cells with long‐term expansion and differentiation potential. This model is useful for mechanistic studies of stem cell radiation response and suggests similar radiosensitivity for the parotid and submandibular gland organoids.
Odontogenic infection as a predisposing factor for pathologic disorder development in maxillary sinus
Authors: Curi Fernanda Ramia , Pelegrine Rina Andréa , Nascimento Monikelly do Carmo Chagas , Monteiro João Carlos Castro , Junqueira José Luiz Cintra , Panzarella Francine Kühl 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate an association between odontogenic infections (OI) and maxillary sinuses pathologic disorder (MSPD). The distance between the sinus floor and the root apex of upper posterior teeth was also assessed.MethodsOut of 4,402 cone beam computed tomography scans, 230 were selected, and 431 teeth were evaluated regarding the presence of OI: bone loss with furcation involvement, periapical and endodontic‐periodontal lesions. The maxillary sinuses were assessed regarding the presence of MSPD, which was considered as mucosal thickening, opacification of the sinus and mucous retention cyst.ResultsThere was a significant association between OI and MSPD (p < .001). Periodontal bone loss with furcation involvement, periapical lesions and endodontic‐periodontal lesions increased the risk of opacification of the sinuses by 11.6, 34.1 and 228.8 times, respectively. The frequency of the different types of MSP showed not to be associated with a group of teeth or dental root. Conversely, the presence of MSP was associated with a significant shorter distance between the palatine root apex and the sinus floor (p < .001).ConclusionThere is a relationship between infectious process of teeth and MSPD. The proximity between the apex of palatine roots and the maxillary sinus floor showed to be a predisposing factor for MSPD.
Tooth extraction before radiotherapy is a risk factor for developing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: A systematic review
Authors: Lajolo Carlo , Gioco Gioele , Rupe Cosimo , Troiano Giuseppe , Cordaro Massimo , Lucchese Alberta , Paludetti Gaetano , Giuliani Michele 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to estimate the osteoradionecrosis rate in patients with head and neck cancer due to teeth extraction performed before radiotherapy and to identify possible risk factors.Material and MethodsPRISMA protocol was used to evaluate and present the results. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used as search engines: English full‐length papers of clinical studies, in peer‐reviewed journals, were investigated. Cumulative meta‐analysis was performed with a random effects model (PROSPERO registration code: CRD42018079986).ResultsAmong 2,020 records screened, 8 were included in this review. Sixteen of 494 patients who underwent tooth extraction before radiotherapy developed osteoradionecrosis, with an osteoradionecrosis incidence of 2.2% (95% Confidence of Interval = 0.6–3.9, p < .185, I2 = 3,044%). All cases were reported in the mandible. No other clinical risk factor for osteoradionecrosis was detected.ConclusionsEven if it is generally recommended to remove oral foci before radiotherapy, this systematic review confirmed that teeth extractions before radiotherapy represent a risk factor for osteoradionecrosis; the considerable amount of missing data prevented us from identifying other possible risk factors for osteoradionecrosis onset. Major efforts should be done to perform sounder methodological clinical investigations.
Stakeholder consultations and the legitimacy of regulatory decision‐making: A survey experiment in Belgium
Authors: Beyers Jan , Arras Sarah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgencies consult extensively with stakeholders such as industry associations, nongovernmental organizations, and trade unions. One rationale for consultations is that these improve procedural legitimacy and lead to greater acceptance of regulatory outcomes by citizens and the regulated industry. While this presumption of a positive relation between stakeholder consultations and the legitimacy of agencies is widespread, research analyzing this relationship remains scarce. Using a survey experiment, we examine the effect of open and closed consultations on the acceptance of procedures and regulatory outcomes in the field of environmental politics. The results demonstrate that consultation arrangements positively affect the acceptance of decision‐making procedures, especially when regulators grant access to different types of stakeholders. However, although the consultation arrangement itself does not directly affect acceptance of the regulatory outcome, procedural legitimacy matters, as it increases decision acceptance among individuals who are negatively disposed toward government regulation.
The Politicization of Risk: Party Cues, Polarization, and Public Perceptions of Climate Change Risk
Authors: Linde Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious research shows that public perceptions of climate change risk are strongly related to the individual willingness to support climate mitigation and adaptation policy. In this article, I investigate how public perceptions of climate change risk are affected by communications from political parties and the degree of polarization among them. Specifically, using survey data from Sweden, Norway, Australia, and New Zealand, I study the relationship between party source cues, perceived polarization, and public perceptions of climate change risk. The results reveal a positive relationship between party cues and perceptions of climate change risk, indicating that individuals adjust their risk perceptions to align with their party preference. Furthermore, a negative relationship between perceived polarization and individual risk perceptions is also discovered, showing that individuals tend to be less concerned with climate change the more polarization they perceive. However, the effect of perceived polarization is found to be limited to more abstract perceptions of risk, while being unrelated to perceptions of concrete risks. Even with some contextual variance, the results generally hold up well across the four countries.
Making a Place for Alternative Technologies: The Case of Agricultural Bio‐Inputs in Argentina
Authors: Goulet Frédéric , Hubert Matthieu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article characterizes the ways in which the actors in charge of designing and implementing public policies intervene to promote the emergence of alternatives to problematic technologies. It is based on a case study conducted in Argentina that focuses on initiatives to promote the development of biological agricultural inputs in the context of increasingly controversial chemical inputs. The study spotlights the political, institutional, and semantic efforts made by policy makers and public administrations to ensure these new inputs find their way into organizations and onto their agendas. Their work consists in attenuating the boundaries between chemical and biological inputs, and reducing opposition by creating categories and organizations that downplay potential dissension and highlight the possible coexistence of technological paradigms. Contrary to what the injunctions of technological substitution suggest, we show that putting alternative technologies on the public agenda depends largely on their inclusion in institutional and regulatory infrastructures originally designed for technologies that are likely to decline. More broadly, it relies on the construction of continuity between the two types of technologies.
Core values and local guarantees of dignity in the care of older persons – Application, obstacles and further actions
Authors: Kihlgren Annica , Norell Pejner Margaretha , James Inger 
Published: June 2020

Background and aimDue to reported shortcomings in elderly care in Sweden, the government has introduced national guidelines to establish core values and guarantees of dignity. With a bottom‐up perspective, core values and local guarantees of dignity were developed using an participatory and appreciative action and reflection (PAAR) approach and implemented in municipal elderly care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the core values and local guarantees of dignity applied by the municipal healthcare staff caring for older persons.Method and resultsA cross‐sectional descriptive design study using a questionnaire was conducted one year after the implementation of core values and local guarantees of dignity in municipal elderly care. In total, 608 caregivers answered the questionnaire. The results show that the caregivers strived to apply the core values and local guarantees of dignity, but experienced obstacles from the organisation. Proposals were given to facilitate further application of the core values.
A calcified central venous fibrin sheath mimicking a fractured catheter
Authors: Roy Debajyoti , Wenxiang Yeon , Pande Shrikant D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 75‐year‐old female with end stage kidney failure had her tunneled central venous dialysis catheter (CVC) removed. A subsequent computed tomopgraphy (CT) scan of the chest reported a filling defect in the central vein that appeared to represent a fractured remnant of the CVC. The catheter had been retained for culture and was available for direct visualization, which showed it to be entirely intact. A subsequent venogram confirmed that the CT findings represented a retained calcified central venous fibrin sheath. As retained CVC fragments may require intervention, this diagnosis should be established carefully. A calcified fibrin sheath associated with a chronic CVC is a known, although rare, complication and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an apparent CVC fracture prior to further interventions.
White Habits, Anti‐Racism, and Philosophy as a Way of Life
Authors: Noe Kenneth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper examines Pierre Hadot’s philosophy as a way of life in the context of race. I argue that a “way of life” approach to philosophy renders intelligible how antiracist confrontation of racist ideas and institutionalized white complicity is a properly philosophical way of life requiring regulated reflection on habits—particularly, habits of whiteness. I first rehearse some of Hadot’s analysis of the “way of life” orientation in philosophy, in which philosophical wisdom is understood as cultivated by actions which result in the creation of wise habits. I analyze a phenomenological claim about the nature of habit implied by the “way of life” approach, namely, that habits can be both the cause and the effect of action. This point is central to the “way of life” philosophy, I claim, in that it makes possible the intelligent redirection of habits, in which wise habits are more the effect than simply the cause of action. Lastly, I illustrate the “way of life” approach in the context of anti‐racism by turning to Linda Martín Alcoff's whiteness antieliminativism, which outlines a morally defensible transformation of the habits of whiteness. I argue that anti‐racism provides an intelligible context for modern day forms of what Hadot calls “spiritual exercises” insofar as the “way of life” philosophy is embodied in the practice of whites seeing themselves seeing as white and seeing themselves being seen as white.
Reactionary Fictionalism
Authors: Dockstader Jason 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFictionalism is the view that the claims of a target discourse are best seen as being fictional in some way, as being expressed in some pretense manner, or as not being about the traditional posits of the discourse. The contemporary taxonomy of fictionalist views is quite elaborate. Yet, there is a version of fictionalism that has failed to develop and which corresponds to the earliest form of the view found in the history of philosophy, East and West. I call this view “reactionary fictionalism.” I argue that traces of reactionary fictionalism can be found in Classical Daoism, Madhyamaka Buddhism, and Pyrrhonian Skepticism. Reactionary fictionalism is a kind of fictionalism that differs from both the hermeneutic and revolutionary kinds discussed today. Hermeneutic fictionalism says we already treat the claims of a target discourse in a fictional manner. Revolutionary fictionalism recommends we all start treating the claims of a target discourse in a fictional manner for reasons mostly of social utility. Reactionary fictionalism recommends, by contrast, that only those concerned with obtaining maximal therapeutic release from the pathology of literally asserting genuine beliefs in the claims of a target discourse should react in a pretense manner to inescapable contexts demanding the use of the claims of that discourse. I aim to show that reactionary fictionalism was a technique utilized in premodern skeptical traditions as a means for enduring one's condemnation to near‐permanent sociality. I recommend slotting reactionary fictionalism into our present taxonomy once we note that employing fictionalism can have a primarily therapeutic motivation and not merely a semantic, epistemic, or metaphysical one.
How Does the Mind Render Streaming Experience as Events?
Authors: Baldwin Dare A. , Kosie Jessica E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvents—the experiences we think we are having and recall having had—are constructed; they are not what actually occurs. What occurs is ongoing dynamic, multidimensional, sensory flow, which is somehow transformed via psychological processes into structured, describable, memorable units of experience. But what is the nature of the redescription processes that fluently render dynamic sensory streams as event representations? How do such processes cope with the ubiquitous novelty and variability that characterize sensory experience? How are event‐rendering skills acquired and how do event representations change with development? This review considers emerging answers to these questions, beginning with evidence that an implicit tendency to monitor predictability structure via statistical learning is key to event rendering. That is, one way that the experience of bounded events (e.g., actions within behavior, words within speech) arises is with the detection of “troughs” in sensory predictability. Interestingly, such troughs in predictability are often predictable; these regions of predictable‐unpredictability provide articulation points to demarcate one event from another in representations derived from the actual streaming information. In our information‐optimization account, a fluent event‐processor predicts such troughs and selectively attends to them—while suppressing attention to other regions—as sensory streams unfold. In this way, usage of attentional resources is optimized for efficient sampling of the most relevant, information‐rich portions of the unfolding flow of sensation. Such findings point to the development of event‐processing fluency—whether in action, language, or other domains—depending crucially on rapid and continual cognitive reorganization. As knowledge of predictability grows, attention is adaptively redeployed. Accordingly, event experiences undergo continuous alteration.
flasher, a novel mutation in a glucosinolate modifying enzyme, conditions changes in plant architecture and hormone homeostasis
Authors: Garrido Ameth N. , Supijono Esther , Boshara Peter , Douglas Scott J. , Stronghill Patti E. , Li Baohua , Nambara Eiji , Kliebenstein Daniel J. , Riggs C. Daniel 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYMeristem function is underpinned by numerous genes that affect hormone levels, ultimately controlling phyllotaxy, the transition to flowering and general growth properties. Class I KNOX genes are major contributors to this process, promoting cytokinin biosynthesis but repressing gibberellin production to condition a replication competent state. We identified a suppressor mutant of the KNOX1 mutant brevipedicellus (bp) that we termed flasher (fsh), which promotes stem and pedicel elongation, suppresses early senescence, and negatively affects reproductive development. Map‐based cloning and complementation tests revealed that fsh is due to an E40K change in the flavin monooxygenase GS‐OX5, a gene encoding a glucosinolate (GSL) modifying enzyme. In vitro enzymatic assays revealed that fsh poorly converts substrate to product, yet the levels of several GSLs are higher in the suppressor line, implicating FSH in feedback control of GSL flux. FSH is expressed predominantly in the vasculature in patterns that do not significantly overlap those of BP, implying a non‐cell autonomous mode of meristem control via one or more GSL metabolites. Hormone analyses revealed that cytokinin levels are low in bp, but fsh restores cytokinin levels to near normal by activating cytokinin biosynthesis genes. In addition, jasmonate levels in the fsh suppressor are significantly lower than in bp, which is likely due to elevated expression of JA inactivating genes. These observations suggest the involvement of the GSL pathway in generating one or more negative effectors of growth that influence inflorescence architecture and fecundity by altering the balance of hormonal regulators.