bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and Survival of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Isolated from Tuna Loins Produced in Côte D’ivoire
Authors: Sika Andrée Emmanuelle , Ouattara Lacinan , Yoro Dezay Thierry , Nevry Rose Koffi- , Djé Koffi Marcellin 
Published: July 2020

Aims: The aim of this study was to study the growth of pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) in Tuna loins.
Study Design: Bacteriological study.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Microbiology of the Central Laboratory of Food hygiene and Agro-business (LCHAI), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire between September 2014 and December 2014.
Methodology: Three strains of E. coli (enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli (ETEC), possessing both "elt" and "est" virulence genes resistant to amoxicillin from Tuna loins; E. coli reference strain (ATCC 25992); strain of E. coli (KO 13) from water with the virulence gene "elt") were inoculated in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) and in tuna loins for 120 hours. pH and bacterial loads of E. coli were measured to 0; 3; 6; 12; 24; 48; 72; 96 and 120 hours respectively.
Results: The results showed that the three strains of E. coli used in this work survived in liquid medium (BHI) and in Tuna loins even after 5 days (120 hours). The growth curves of these three strains evolved in the same way in liquid medium and in Tuna loins. However, the growth rate of strains of E. coli inoculated in liquid media (BHI) was higher than that of strains inoculated in Tuna loins.
Conclusion: Pathogenic strains of E. coli isolated from Tuna loins are a hazard to be considered in the microbiological risk assessment of the consumption of these Tuna products.
Intersectionality in Sports Reporting
Authors: Dorer Johanna , Marschik Matthias 
Published: July 2020

Sports coverage remains dominated by the binary system of gender dualism, which is characterized by a clear delineation based on the assumption that sports reflect corporeality: masculinity is always associated with strength, endurance, power and performance, and femininity with attractiveness. An intersectional perspective that incorporates race, ethnicity, class, gender, homosexuality, inter‐ and transsexuality, as well as nation, continues to be an exception in sports reporting. For this purpose, we surveyed 40 empirical studies, which were mainly conducted as individual case studies.
As a result, it can be said that male and female athletes who were not recognizable as White and heterosexual were for a long time represented in the sports media in a mostly negative and discriminatory way or were not even discussed. Only in exceptional cases was there positive reporting. The condition was that the athletes had achieved extraordinary victories while perfectly embodying the typical gender ideal—muscular male athletes or attractive female athletes—and that there was a strategic, mostly national interest, such as when an attractive Black female athlete was able to win three gold medals for the United States during the Cold War.
Since about the 1990s, there has been a gradual change in the media representation of athletes. Today, sports coverage of Black and homosexual male and female athletes is, on the surface, often positive. But on closer analysis, discrimination has only become more complicated. The emphasis is still on their presentation as the other, which does not conform to the social norm. If several difference categories overlap, such as male, gay and mixed race, there is still no positive coverage. The change therefore has not kept pace with actual sports practice, where even greater acceptance beyond traditional gender roles is already evident.
An In‐Depth Study of Zn Metal Surface Chemistry for Advanced Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hao Junnan , Li Bo , Li Xiaolong , Zeng Xiaohui , Zhang Shilin , Yang Fuhua , Liu Sailin , Li Dan , Wu Chao , Guo Zaiping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough Zn metal has been regarded as the most promising anode for aqueous batteries, it persistently suffers from serious side reactions and dendrite growth in mild electrolyte. Spontaneous Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution damage the shelf life and calendar life of Zn‐based batteries, severely affecting their industrial applications. Herein, a robust and homogeneous ZnS interphase is built in situ on the Zn surface by a vapor–solid strategy to enhance Zn reversibility. The thickness of the ZnS film is controlled via the treatment temperature, and the performance of the protected Zn electrode is optimized. The dense ZnS artificial layer obtained at 350 °C not only suppresses Zn corrosion by forming a physical barrier on the Zn surface, but also inhibits dendrite growth via guiding the Zn plating/stripping underneath the artificial layer. Accordingly, a side reaction‐free and dendrite‐free Zn electrode is developed, the effectiveness of which is also convincing in a MnO2/ZnS@Zn full‐cell with 87.6% capacity retention after 2500 cycles.
Advanced Nanoscale Build‐Up Sensors for Daily Life Monitoring of Diabetics
Authors: El‐Safty Sherif A. , Shenashen Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh‐throughput screening, early diagnosis, prognosis, daily routine, and real‐time monitoring are the main factors in diabetes management. Novel nanodynamic sensory designs can support these processes by offering i) a great diversity of periodic glucose sensing assays, ii) multiple and large‐scale autosampling assessments of glucose levels, and iii) possible glucose analysis by using a small sample size. This work highlights the nano, biosensor design engineering rationales used to explore a wide range of glucose levels and transduce them into readable output signals for dead‐end and fast‐response analyses. Powerful nanoscale chemical sensor designs can be used as alternatives to traditional assessment and analytical methods in the laboratory and integrated into robotics, smartphones, or wearable devices. These innovations would offer the future steady progress required for biotechnological, analytical, and sensing applications with less time consumption and simple operation. A new generation of nano, bioglucose sensor designs featuring platforms with nanometric dimensions, geometries, surface functionality, and physical/chemical properties is also attractive as a candidate for developing diabetic sensing devices. Indeed, the developed fabrication of diabetic nanosensor devices with compact size miniaturization, autosampling analysis and collection, in situ controlling assays, and defined signaling read‐out detection is urgently needed to avoid a risk associated with diabetes.
Multiscale Patterned Plasmonic Arrays for Highly Sensitive and Uniform SERS Detection
Authors: Chen Yi , Yin Haojing , Sikdar Debabrata , Liu Huang , Zhu Qi , Yao Gang , Qi Huan , Gu Ning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ability to rationally manipulate plasmonic nanoparticles into well‐defined hierarchically patterned arrays is crucial for exploiting the property of novel optical metamaterials and is of significance for designing plasmonic devices. Before the benefits offered by hybridized plasmon modes may be fully utilized in practice, programmable plasmonic nanostructures with preset morphology and composition should be developed in advance. However, it remains a grand challenge to fabricate large‐area patterned array with highly ordered nanostructure in a low‐expertise and straightforward route. Here, high‐throughput fabrication of multiscale patterned plasmonic arrays of macroscopic surfaces and nanoscale ordering is reported. The bottom‐up ligand‐guided crystallization of nanoparticles takes place upon drying‐mediated self‐assembly at air/solution/substrate interfaces, while the macroscopic topography is regulated by rational control over local nucleation in microwrinkles. Using bimetallic nanobricks as meta‐atoms, it is demonstrated that the configuration of patterned arrays can be finely engineered as required by simply customizing the wrinkled template. It is also proved that the fabricated plasmonic arrays exhibit nearly uniform hot‐spot distribution across the entire surface, which makes them as practical substrates for the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. This facile yet efficient methodology suggests a versatile step toward the fabricating of hierarchically patterned architectures for practical device construction.
Vertical Miscibility of Bulk Heterojunction Films Contributes to High Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: He Shi , Shen Zichao , Yu Jinde , Guan Huilan , Lu Guanghao , Xiao Tong , Yang Shuting , Zou Yingping , Bu Laju 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaic cells employing donor (polymer):acceptor (small molecule) bulk heterojunction (BHJ) are being rapidly improved. The phase segregation along vertical (film‐depth) direction of the active layer, referring to vertical immiscibility between donor and acceptor, leads to vertically varied and nonlinearly distributed composition, optical and electronic properties. However, the correlation between vertical miscibility and photovoltaic performance is still confusing. Here, it is semi‐empirically found that such vertical variations induced by vertical immiscibility deteriorate PCE. Subsequently, using PM6:Y6‐based binary and ternary BHJ as examples, a combined statistical, experimental, and numerical investigation on the dependence of photovoltaic performance on vertical miscibility is reported. The vertical phase evolution of BHJ significantly depends on solvents and processing methods. As compared with other donor:acceptor systems, polymer:Y6 deposited from appropriate solvents could have the best vertical miscibility which is nearly independent on film‐depth, leading to a higher PCE. PM6:Y6:fullerene ternary blends also have a good and uniform vertical miscibility, forming spatially well‐mixed ternary BHJ. Consequently, under this design guideline, the optimized film‐depth‐dependent miscibility contributes to optimized vertical distribution of optical and electronic properties, leading to an optimized PCE 17.1% with a low sensitivity to fluctuation of film thickness.
Toward Intelligent Metasurfaces: The Progress from Globally Tunable Metasurfaces to Software‐Defined Metasurfaces with an Embedded Network of Controllers
Authors: Tsilipakos Odysseas , Tasolamprou Anna C. , Pitilakis Alexandros , Liu Fu , Wang Xuchen , Mirmoosa Mohammad Sajjad , Tzarouchis Dimitrios C. , Abadal Sergi , Taghvaee Hamidreza , Liaskos Christos , Tsioliaridou Ageliki , Georgiou Julius , Cabellos‐Aparicio Albert , Alarcón Eduard , Ioannidis Sotiris , Pitsillides Andreas , Akyildiz Ian F. , Kantartzis Nikolaos V. , Economou Eleftherios N. , Soukoulis Costas M. , Kafesaki Maria , Tretyakov Sergei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetasurfaces, the ultrathin, 2D version of metamaterials, have recently attracted a surge of attention for their capability to manipulate electromagnetic waves. Recent advances in reconfigurable and programmable metasurfaces have greatly extended their scope and reach into practical applications. Such functional sheet materials can have enormous impact on imaging, communication, and sensing applications, serving as artificial skins that shape electromagnetic fields. Motivated by these opportunities, this progress report provides a review of the recent advances in tunable and reconfigurable metasurfaces, highlighting the current challenges and outlining directions for future research. To better trace the historical evolution of tunable metasurfaces, a classification into globally and locally tunable metasurfaces is first provided along with the different physical addressing mechanisms utilized. Subsequently, coding metasurfaces, a particular class of locally tunable metasurfaces in which each unit cell can acquire discrete response states, is surveyed, since it is naturally suited to programmatic control. Finally, a new research direction of software‐defined metasurfaces is described, which attempts to push metasurfaces toward unprecedented levels of functionality by harnessing the opportunities offered by their software interface as well as their inter‐ and intranetwork connectivity and establish them in real‐world applications.
Profitability and profit persistence in EU food retailing: Differences between top competitors and fringe firms
Authors: Hirsch Stefan , Lanter David , Finger Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate the drivers and persistence of profits in EU food retailing by focusing on differences between “top competitors” and fringe food retailers using a sample of 12,786 firms from France, Spain, and Sweden between 2006 and 2014. We detect a high degree of profit persistence in food retailing, presumably caused by strong bargaining power towards processors. Moreover, we find that profit persistence is higher for “top competitors” such as members of Top‐5 chains regarding sales and that independent/specialized supermarkets generate lower profitability. The results provide insights regarding power imbalances in food retailing and thus support the development of managerial strategies as well as measures to enhance market efficiency.
Methane and carbon dioxide in dual‐porosity organic matter: Molecular simulations of adsorption and diffusion
Authors: Rezlerová Eliška , Brennan John K. , Lísal Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractShale gas, which predominantly consists of methane, is an important unconventional energy resource that has had a potential game‐changing effect on natural gas supplies worldwide in recent years. Shale is comprised of two distinct components: organic material and clay minerals, the former providing storage for hydrocarbons and the latter minimizing hydrocarbon transport. The injection of carbon dioxide in the exchange of methane within shale formations improves the shale gas recovery, and simultaneously sequesters carbon dioxide to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding the properties of fluids such as methane and methane/carbon dioxide mixtures in narrow pores found within shale formations is critical for identifying ways to deploy shale gas technology with reduced environmental impact. In this work, we apply molecular‐level simulations to explore adsorption and diffusion behavior of methane, as a proxy of shale gas, and methane/carbon dioxide mixtures in realistic models of organic materials. We first use molecular dynamics simulations to generate the porous structures of mature and overmature type‐II organic matter with both micro‐ and mesoporosity, and systematically characterize the resulting dual‐porosity organic‐matter structures. We then employ the grand canonical Monte Carlo technique to study the adsorption of methane and the competing adsorption of methane/carbon dioxide mixtures in the organic‐matter porous structures. We complement the adsorption studies by simulating the diffusion of adsorbed methane, and adsorbed methane/carbon dioxide mixtures in the organic‐matter structures using molecular dynamics.
Genetics of somatotype and physical fitness in children and adolescents
Authors: Silventoinen Karri , Maia José , Jelenkovic Aline , Pereira Sara , Gouveia Élvio , Antunes António , Thomis Martine , Lefevre Johan , Kaprio Jaakko , Freitas Duarte 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the variation in somatotype, physical fitness, and their mutual associations.MethodsTwins from 214 pairs (87 monozygotic) of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, from 3 to 18 years of age (51% girls) were assessed in anthropometry and physical fitness tests. We estimated endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy based on anthropometric measures and physical fitness using the Eurofit test battery. Two age categories were analyzed: children (3‐11 years) and adolescents (12‐18 years). Genetic and environmental variations were estimated using quantitative genetic twin modeling.ResultsNo genetic sex differences were found, thus boys and girls were pooled in all genetic analyses. Heritability estimates were high for somatotype (a2 = 0.80‐0.93), physical fitness traits (a2 = 0.67‐0.83), and largely similar in children and adolescents. Positive correlations were found for ectomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with muscular strength (r = 0.25‐0.37). In contrast, negative associations were found for ectomorphy with muscular strength, as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance (−0.46 to −0.26). Twin modeling indicated that these associations were explained mostly by genetic factors in common to the two associated traits (84% or more).ConclusionsAssociations between somatotype and physical fitness tests are mainly explained by common genetic background in children and adolescents. Therefore, interventions in youth should consider that a child's performance in physical fitness tests partly reflects their inherited physique.
Boosting the Quantum Efficiency of Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence up to 52 % via Intramolecular Halogen Bonding
Authors: Yang Zhan , Xu Chao , Li Wenlang , Mao Zhu , Ge Xiangyu , Huang Qiuyi , Deng Huangjun , Zhao Juan , Gu Feng Long , Zhang Yi , Chi Zhenguo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUltralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) has attracted increasing attention due to its potential applications in optoelectronics, bioelectronics, and security protection. However, achieving UOP with high quantum efficiency (QE) over 20 % is still full of challenges due to intersystem crossing (ISC) and fast non‐radiative transitions in organic molecules. Here, we present a novel strategy to enhance the QE of UOP materials by modulating intramolecular halogen bonding via structural isomerism. The QE of CzS2Br reaches up to 52.10 %, which is the highest afterglow efficiency reported so far. The crucial reason for the extraordinary QE is intramolecular halogen bonding, which can not only effectively enhance ISC by promoting spin–orbit coupling, but also greatly confine motions of excited molecules to restrict non‐radiative pathways. This work provides a reasonable strategy to develop highly efficient UOP materials for practical applications.
Solvation Rule for Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Enabler in Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Su Chi‐Cheung , He Meinan , Shi Jiayan , Amine Rachid , Zhang Jian , Amine Khalil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite the exceptionally high energy density of lithium metal anodes, the practical application of lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) is still impeded by the instability of the interphase between the lithium metal and the electrolyte. To formulate a functional electrolyte system that can stabilize the lithium‐metal anode, the solvation behavior of the solvent molecules must be understood because the electrochemical properties of a solvent can be heavily influenced by its solvation status. We unambiguously demonstrated the solvation rule for the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) enabler in an electrolyte system. In this study, fluoroethylene carbonate was used as the SEI enabler due to its ability to form a robust SEI on the lithium metal surface, allowing relatively stable LMB cycling. The results revealed that the solvation number of fluoroethylene carbonate must be ≥1 to ensure the formation of a stable SEI in which the sacrificial reduction of the SEI enabler subsequently leads to the stable cycling of LMBs.
Antifungal activity of Allamanda polyantha seed extract and its iridoids promote morphological alterations in Cryptococcus spp.
Authors: Bresciani Fernanda R. , Santi Lucélia , Beys‐da‐Silva Walter O. , Berger Markus , Barcellos Vanessa de A. , Schripsema Jan , von Poser Gilsane L. , Guimarães Jorge A. , Vainstein Marilene H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus spp., is an invasive fungal infection of the central nervous system, associated with high mortality, affecting mainly immunocompromised patients. Due to the development of resistance to the current therapy, there is an urgent need for less toxic and more effective antifungal agents. In this study, we describe the antifungal activity against Cryptococcus spp. of an aqueous seed extract from Allamanda polyantha (ASEAP) and two iridoids, plumieride and plumieridine, isolated from this extract with an antifungal activity. The capsule formation and the morphological alterations were evaluated using fluorescent microscopy. The cytotoxic activity was also investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of ASEAP for Cryptococcus gattii were 70 and 36 µg/ml (for the R265 and R272 strains, respectively) and 563 µg/ml for Cryptococcus neoformans H99. ASEAP inhibited C. neoformans H99 capsule formation, an important virulence factor, and decreased the cell body size for both the C. gattii strains. H99 cells also presented morphological alterations, with defects in bud detachment and nuclear fragmentation. Plumieride and plumieridine presented higher MIC values than ASEAP, indicating that other compounds might contribute to antifungal activity and/or that combination of the compounds results in a higher antifungal activity.
Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib Monotherapy in Methotrexate‐Naive Patients With Moderately‐to‐Severely Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (SELECT‐EARLY): A Multicenter, Multi‐Country, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Active Comparator–Controlled Trial
Authors: van Vollenhoven Ronald , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Pangan Aileen L. , Friedman Alan , Mohamed Mohamed‐Eslam F. , Chen Su , Rischmueller Maureen , Blanco Ricardo , Xavier Ricardo M. , Strand Vibeke 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe SELECT‐EARLY trial was undertaken to study the effect of upadacitinib, an oral, reversible Janus kinase 1–selective inhibitor, as monotherapy in patients with predominantly early rheumatoid arthritis who were naive for or had limited exposure to methotrexate (MTX).MethodsPatients (n = 947) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive once‐daily doses of upadacitinib 15 mg or 30 mg or weekly MTX (7.5–20 mg/week) for 24 weeks. The primary end points were the proportion of patients who met the American College of Rheumatology 50% (ACR50) improvement criteria at week 12, and the proportion in whom a Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C‐reactive protein level (DAS28‐CRP) of <2.6 was achieved at week 24. Data are presented through week 24.ResultsAt baseline, the median disease duration was 0.5 years (range 0–44 years). A total of 840 patients (89%) completed 24 weeks of treatment. The study met both primary end points for upadacitinib 15 mg and 30 mg versus MTX (ACR50 was achieved at week 12 in 52% and 56% of patients, respectively, versus 28% [P < 0.001], and DAS28‐CRP <2.6 was achieved at week 24 in 48% and 50% of patients, respectively, versus 19% [P < 0.001]). Statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in multiple patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were recorded for both upadacitinib doses versus MTX. Overall, 88% of patients receiving upadacitinib 15 mg and 89% of patients receiving 30 mg, respectively, had no radiographic progression (modified total Sharp score ≤0) compared to 78% of those receiving MTX (P < 0.01). Through week 24, the frequency of treatment‐emergent adverse events was similar between the MTX arm (65%) and upadacitinib 15 mg arm (64%), but was slightly higher in the upadacitinib 30 mg arm (71%). Six deaths were reported (2 in the upadacitinib 15 mg arm, 3 in the upadacitinib 30 mg arm, and 1 in the MTX arm).ConclusionOur findings indicate that patients receiving either dose of upadacitinib monotherapy experienced significant improvements in clinical, radiographic, and PROs compared to patients receiving MTX.