bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐melanogenic effects of extracellular vesicles derived from plant leaves and stems in mouse melanoma cells and human healthy skin
Authors: Lee Ruri , Ko Hae Ju , Kim Kimin , Sohn Yehjoo , Min Seo Yun , Kim Jeong Ah , Na Dokyun , Yeon Ju Hun 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTConsumer interest in cosmetic industry products that produce whitening effects has increased demand for agents that decrease melanin production. Many such anti‐melanogenic agents are associated with side effects, such as contact dermatitis and high toxicity, and also exhibit poor skin penetration. Considerable recent research has focused on plant‐derived products as alternatives to chemotherapeutic agents that possess fewer side effects. In the current study, we investigated the anti‐melanogenic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) extracted from leaves and stems of Dendropanax morbifera. Using spectrophotometric and biochemical approaches, we found that leaf‐derived extracellular vesicles (LEVs) and stem‐derived extracellular vesicles (SEVs) reduced melanin content and tyrosinase (TYR) activity in the B16BL6 mouse melanoma cell line in a concentration‐dependent manner. An electron microscopy analysis further confirmed that LEVs and SEVs induce a concentration‐dependent decrease in melanin content in melanoma cells. Both LEVs and SEVs exerted a greater whitening effect on melanoma cells than arbutin, used as a positive control, with LEVs producing the greater effect. Notably, neither LEVs nor SEVs induced significant cytotoxicity. We also examined the effects of plant‐derived EVs on the expression of tyrosinase‐related proteins (TRPs) in melanoma cells. LEVs inhibited expression of melanogenesis‐related genes and proteins, including microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), TYR, TRP‐1 and TRP‐2. In a human epidermis model, LEVs exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on melanin production than arbutin. Collectively, our data suggest that LEVs from D. morbifera may be a novel candidate natural substance for use as an anti‐melanogenic agent in cosmeceutical formulations.
Polymer powder bed fusion surface texture measurement
Authors: de Pastre Marc-Antoine , Thompson Adam , Quinsat Yann , Albajez García José A , Senin Nicola , Leach Richard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Polymer laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) surfaces can be challenging to measure. These surfaces comprise complex features including undercuts, deep recesses, step-like transitions, a large range of measurement scales and unfavourable optically materials properties. While recent research has begun to examine the nature of these surfaces, there has not yet been significant effort in understanding how different measurement instruments interact with them. In this paper, we compare the results of LPBF surface topography measurements using a series of different instrument technologies, including contact stylus, focus variation microscopy, coherence scanning interferometry, laser scanning confocal microscopy and x-ray computed tomography. Measurements are made on both side and top surfaces of a cubic polyamide-12 LPBF sample. Different instrument behaviours are highlighted through qualitative visual inspection of surface reconstructions. Further comparisons are then performed through evaluation of profile and areal surface texture parameters and statistical modelling of surface topographies. These analyses allow for the identification both of discrepancies between texture parameters and discrepancies between local topographies reconstructed from measurements. Instrument repeatability metrics are also presented for each measurement of the test surfaces. Results show that discrepancies in measurements made on the acquired datasets are often similar in magnitude to the size of the features present on the surfaces. Conclusions are drawn regarding the suitability of various surface measurement instruments for polymer LPBF surfaces.
Dissipation controls transport and phase transitions in active fluids: mobility, diffusion and biased ensembles
Authors: Fodor Étienne , Nemoto Takahiro , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Active fluids operate by constantly dissipating energy at the particle level to perform a directed motion, yielding dynamics and phases without any equilibrium equivalent. The emerging behaviors have been studied extensively, yet deciphering how local energy fluxes control the collective phenomena is still largely an open challenge. We provide generic relations between the activity-induced dissipation and the transport properties of an internal tracer. By exploiting a mapping between active fluctuations and disordered driving, our results reveal how the local dissipation, at the basis of self-propulsion, constrains internal transport by reducing the mobility and the diffusion of particles. Then, we employ techniques of large deviations to investigate how interactions are affected when varying dissipation. This leads us to shed light on a microscopic mechanism to promote clustering at low dissipation, and we also show the existence of collective motion at high dissipation. Overall, these results illustrate how tuning dissipation provides an alternative route to phase transitions in active fluids.
Effect of LED Wavelengths and Light-Dark Cycle on Photosynthetic Production of Chlorella Kessleri for Algae-Based Biosensor Optimization
Authors: Wati Agustina , Rusva Reyhan , Umar Lazuardi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Observation of cell culture with a micro sensor system for biomedical application in measuring chemical, biological and physical parameters are widely used to evaluate cell metabolism respiration. Cellular respiration depicts the energy formation and molecules in the form of dissolved oxygen (pO2) level needed in the photosynthesis process. This paper presents the observation of pO2 level produced from the algae chlorella kessleri influenced by LED light source at wavelength of 480 nm (blue) and 650 nm (red). It aims to show the relationship between photosynthesis production activities to the signals produced by each condition for biosensor optimization. Artificial light settings consist of light-dark cycle to simulate a day light period in producing chlorophyll and night period as a time of relaxation. Sample of 150μL chlorella kessleri with density 1.4·106 cell/ml is immobilized in biochip-C and stimulate with two difference wavelength light sources for 30 minutes period ON/OFF. The result shows that the red light has 18% pO2 level higher than blue light since the algae is sensitive to the red light and absorbed more energy to produce chlorophyll.
Design and Operation of Distribution Model for Electrical Potential Differences in Palm Trees
Authors: Defrianto  , Saktioto  , Izzah R F , Syahputra R F , Suhardi  , Anita S , Irawan D , Okfalisa  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Efforts to optimize palm tree production continue to grow. Various scientific disciplines such as Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture have shown good results. But from Physics aspect, especially electricity is still not taken into account, while consideration of the need for electrical treatment has developed in other plants that can contribute to its production. Similarly, oil palm plants also need to be optimized by electricity treatment. In the initial stage, this article modelled the arbitrary distribution of the oil potential difference of oil palm trees designed and operated numerically through Poisson equations. The result shows a near-ideal condition with homogeneous permittivity and charge, where the electrical potential gradient is very large in the midrib part, while at the end of the midrib it is nearly to zero. The electric flow of ions is very strong moving on the midrib and a little one on the midrib. This ideal simulation requires be continuing experimentally and comparing for palm oil data as well as non-linear electrical parameters.
Interpretation of Slip Surface and Weathered Layer Using the Geoelectric Method with Dipole-Dipole Configuration (Case Study of Ulu Kasok Hill, Kampar Regency)
Authors: Radil Muhammad , Muhammad Juandi , Rini Ari Sulistyo , Islami Nur 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ulu Kasok Hill is a famous tourist attraction called Raja Empat, Kampar Regency. This peak is not only visited by visitors but vehicles such as motorbikes and cars also go up to the top. Survey of resistivity geoelectricity is one of the geophysical methods in investigating slip surface and weathered layers to determine the potential of land movement (landslides). The dipole-dipole configuration method describes the shape of the slip surface, the type and depth of the weathered layer in two dimensions. The 68 meter cross section with 2 meter electrode spacing illustrates the subsurface layer on 4 different trajectories. Interpretation of the results of the study on each path shows that the slip surface are clays (Dry) to mudrock with resistivity ranging from 101 Ωm - 208 Ωm and the type of weathered layer is soil until the clay sand is found in a depth range of 0.342 meters - 5, 41 meters. The results showed that trajectory 3 has the largest weathered layer thickness.
Comparative Study of Vibration Signal Processing on Pipe Leak Case
Authors: Anderiansyah  , Miasa I Made 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article proposes a model for a real-time monitoring system capable of identifying the occurrence of single event leak in pressurized water pipelines. The model utilizes two accelerometers which are installed on upstream and downstream of the leak. Experiments are conducted on an inch PVC pipeline and the vibration signal results are displayed and recorded into laptop with installed software. The vibration signal derived from each accelerometer are assessed and analysed by Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and Cross-Power Spectral Density (CPSD). The results indicate that by using this method, leak can be identified while the sensor’s positioning can be vital in leak detection.
The Development of Physics Education Problem Based Learning Web as Physics Learning Media for Vocational High School
Authors: Aryani Dila Rizki , Azizahwati  , Zulirfan  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Online learning media is an effective learning facility in solving learning problem which is related to limited time. This research is aimed to develop the physics education problem based learning web for Vocational High School. Physics Education problem based learning web consists of 5 main menu for students; competence, material, exercise, evaluation and compiler while for teacher gets additional menu that are student data and student evaluation result. Physics education web can assist teacher and student in online learning and can be accessed anytime and anywhere. The subject of this study is that the development of Physics Education Learning Web for Vocational High Schooler on temperature and heat material. The result of the study is dertermined by the development of Physics Education web and the implementation of online physics learning.
The Formation of Shoots in Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Nodules From Bengkalis, Riau in Murashige Skoog and Woody Plant Medium
Authors: Isda Mayta Novaliza , Hasibuan Mahrayuni , Fatonah Siti , Fitmawati  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the mangosteen producers in Indonesia is Riau Province, Bengkalis regency to be exact. This mangosteen has some superiority, such as able to grow in peat swamp1). Nodules are cells that develop to become shoots only in proper nutrients and conditions. This study aimed to discover the response of mangosteen nodules (Garcinia mangostana L.) on MS and WPM media by adding BAP. This study used Completely Randomized Design using various concentrations of BAP and different media. The results of this study indicate that the best response on MS medium is the percentage of nodule formation at 1 mg / l BAP of 49.99%. The fastest callus appears on control and 5 mg/l BAP 17.25 and 6.75 days after planting (dap). The most significant number of nodules at 1 mg/l of BAP is 1.50 nodules. The callus texture is compact and crumbs with white and brown colour. The best response on WPM media is the percentage of formation of a nodule at 1 mg/l of BAP resulting 33.33%. The fastest shoots emerge at 1 mg / l BAP 13.25 dap. The highest number of nodules at 1 mg/l of BAP is 1.00 nodule, the highest leaf amount at 3 mg/l BAP was 6.75 sheets, and the highest shoot length at 5 mg / l BAP is 1.32 cm. The texture callus compact and crumb with white colour.
Microencapsulation of Carotenoids from Red Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Peels Extract
Authors: Siregar Tagor Marsillam , Margareta Monika 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Red melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) peels have high carotenoid content and have the potential to be a natural food colorant. But carotenoids have low resistance to light, heat and pH. Microencapsulation is one of the process that can be done to protect and increase the solubility of carotenoids. This research was aimed to protect and increase the solubility of carotenoid compounds from red melinjo peels extract by microencapsulation process. This research consist of two stage, preliminary and main stage. In preliminary stage, red melinjo peels were extracted using ethyl acetate. In the main stage, the extract was encapsulated using spray dryer. The microcapsules were analyzed for moisture content, powder recovery, total carotenoid and phenolic content, encapsulation efficiency, color measurement, solubility, and particle size. The extract has 17693.87 μg/g total carotenoid content and 23.21 mg GAE/g total phenolic content. From the result of this research, there are effects of spray drying inlet temperature and coating material ratio towards characteristics of microcapsules. The best microcapsules were obtained using 150°C spray dryer inlet temperature and 100% arabic gum as coating material with moisture content 5.08%, powder recovery 72.45%, total carotenoid content 420.40 μg/g, encapsulation efficiency 91.23%,°hue microcapsules powder 30.95°, total phenolic content 1.12 mg GAE/g, solubility 89.35%, and microcapsules particle diameter 2.85 μm.
Tio2/Co3O4 Composite as Photoanode of Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Anggraini Dian , Wardani Pratiwi Kusuma , Agustina Mutia , Awaluddin Amir , Arifin Khuzaimah 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Titanium dioxide is one of the most investigated materials for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, TiO2 has a wide band gap of approximately 3.2 eV, which limits its absorption energy to UV only, and the photoexcitation products (i.e., electron and hole) easily recombine. Developing a composite with other semiconductor materials is one of the efforts for improving the performance of TiO2 photoelectrode. In this study, a composite of TiO2/Co3O4 thin films was developed, and its performance in PEC water splitting was investigated. Co3O4 was synthesized using a hydrothermal method, and TiO2 P25 was used. TiO2 and Co3O4 were mixed by ball milling before coating on a clean FTO and annealing at 550 °C. Two weight variations of TiO2:Co3O4 were used (95:5 and 90%:10%). XRD and FESEM analysis were used to investigate crystallinity phase and surface morphology. The optical band gap of the thin films was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, where the film with 90:10 weight ratio of TiO2:Co3O4 obtained the smallest band gap of 2.9 eV. Co3O4 improved the current density and TiO2 performance by approximately three times.
The Preparation of Cu-Modified Cryptomelane Type-Manganese Oxide Catalysts by one Step sol-gel Synthesis for Decomposition of Methylene Blue
Authors: Awaluddin A , Janah SR , Anggraini R , Siregar SS 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The cryptomelane manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) and Cu-modified cryptomelane octahedral molecular sieve (Cu-OMS-2) with different Cu concentrations (1, 5, 10%) were successfully prepared by one-step sol-gel synthesis. The XRD patterns of OMS-2 and Cu-OMS-2 remain unchanged, indicating the Cu ions are well incorporated within OMS-2, except the peak due to (101) plane appears and grows significantly until 5% Cu incorporation. The SEM images revealed that the additions of Cu ions in the OMS-2 have a remarkable impact on the Cu-OMS-2 morphologies, especially for 10% Cu incorporation. The bulk analysis by AAS showed the steady decreases in K+ and Mn concentrations, and increase in Cu concentrations, suggesting that some Cu2+ ions are replacing K+ in the tunnel and Mn in the framework of OMS-2. The catalytic tests for the degradation methylene blue (MB) by heterogeneous Fenton processes revealed that the catalytic performance of Cu-OMS-2 increases remarkably with the increased concentrations of Cu doping. The increased catalytic activities for Cu-OMS-2 are associated with the smaller particles sizes are revealed by SEM results.
Detection of the Soft Soil at the Slope Area using Geoelectrical Resistivity Method
Authors: Islami Nur 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The landslide occur commonly in the slope zone area. The landslide may cause the damage and lose the wealth. This research aimed to detect the soft soil zone of the landslide area using geolectrical resistivity method. The geoelectrical resistivity survey was conducted using Wenner configuration with a total of 40 electrodes. Interpretation of the geolectrical model was improved trhough the direct surface resistivity measurement. The geoelectrical resistivity model shows the relatively low resistivity value at the near surface. The low resistivity value indicates that the soil is not solid and it is possible the water seep to the pore of the soil. The relatively higher resistivity value indicates that the soil is relatively compact and thus, the water is relatively hard to enter the pore. The soft zone of the soil at the slope is clearly observed and possible to slide down whenever water intervene the soil condition.
Determination of Riverbed Filtration Potential as Water Supply Source using Geoelectrical Method
Authors: Mohamad Faizal T B , Mohd Nordin A , Nor Azizi Y , Zaidi E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
River bank filtration (RBF) is the influx of river water to the aquifer induced by a hydraulic gradient. Collector wells located on the banks in a certain distance from the river creates a pressure head difference between the river and aquifer, which induces the water from the river to flow downward through the porous media into the pumping wells. By applying this system of drinking water extraction, two different water resources are used where surface water from the river percolates towards the well; and groundwater of the surrounding aquifer is utilized. A study on the potential of RBF near the existing intake of Lembaga Air Perak at Sg Kampar was undertaken. Geophysical survey using resistivity traverses was made with 5 lines each on the right and left bank of the river. Three lines perpendicular and 2 lines parallel to Sg Kampar were investigated for possible water potential for RBF. The Wenner-Schlumberger configuration was chosen based on space provided in flatten areas and the depth of penetration interest in order to identify the presence of groundwater, stream-aquifer interaction and subsurface lithologies. Results from 2-dimensional profiles indicated that: (a) permeable soil saturated with water (possible groundwater and terrestrial sediments material) showed the resistivity value ranges of 0-150 ohm.m (b) semi permeable soil and weathered rock showed the resistivity value ranges of 200-1000 ohm.m and (c) impermeable soil and rock (unsaturated zone) showed the resistivity value ranges of 1000-7000 ohm.m.
Identification of Fracture Density and Orientation at “R” Geothermal Field Using Shear Wave Splitting Microearthquake Method
Authors: Riziq Maulana M. , Syamsu Rosid M. , Farhan  , Iskandar Chevy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Identification of permeable zones is an important aspect in the development and monitoring of geothermal fields. Permeable zones are generally associated with subsurface stress conditions and the presence of structures such as fractures in the reservoir. One of the geophysical methods to detect the presence of permeable zones is the shear wave splitting (SWS) microearthquake method. The microearthquake data recorded by seismograms in the period of January - April 2018. The SWS phenomenon occurs when an S wave propagates through an anisotropy medium. The rotation correlation technique is used to determine the SWS parameters; direction of polarization (ϕ) and delay time (dt) of the S wave. The results of this study indicate that the center area of study has high fracture density. The fractures maybe associated with the presence of wells where the largest steam is produced in the field and the appearance of more complex geological structures. The dominant direction of fracture orientation is relatively following the trend of local structures NW-SE and NE-SW.
Bibliometric Analysis for Site Selection Problems Using Geographic Information Systems, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Fuzzy Method
Authors: Wigati Slamet Setio , Sopha Bertha Maya , Sri Asih Anna Maria , Sutanta Heri 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (GIS-MCDA) are widely used in many fields. Nowadays, GIS-MCDA is combined with a fuzzy method, especially fuzzy logic, as the solutions for many problems, including site selection problem. Site selection is a process to find the most appropriate site with desired conditions by considering a number of criteria. This paper attempts to review various studies undertaken by researchers in order to implement GIS-MCDA and fuzzy method for the site selection problems. The aims of this paper are to provide an overview of the current insight of the topic, an overview of the most MDCA method and fuzzy method used, and to provide a gap for further research. Data analysis in this paper is divided into two sections, i.e. bibliometric analysis and network analysis.
The Development of Learning Module Environmentally Friendly Technologies Based Creative the Problem Solving
Authors: Suhartiwi Fenny , Islami Nur , Fakhruddin  , Yennita  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The use of modules in science learning has a positive impact on science process skills. The purpose of this study is to develop eco-friendly technology learning modules based on Creative Problem Solving (CPS). This module consists of 3 parts, namely introduction, learning, and evaluation. In the learning section the steps of the CPS are explained on the contents of the material. The process skills of each meeting are made by an environmentally friendly technology product. The resulting product helps in solving environmental problems in everyday life. The results of the validation assessment get a valid category from all aspects of the assessment. The highest score is in the aspect of presentation and graphic components with values of 3.71 and 3.74. So this module can be used as an alternative solution to learning environmentally friendly technology.