bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atlas-based methods for efficient characterization of patient-specific ventricular activation patterns
Authors: Vincent Kevin P , Forsch Nickolas , Govil Sachin , Joblon Jake M , Omens Jeffrey H , Perry James C , McCulloch Andrew D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
Ventricular activation patterns can aid clinical decision-making directly by providing spatial information on cardiac electrical activation or indirectly through derived clinical indices. The aim of this work was to derive an atlas of the major modes of variation of ventricular activation from model-predicted 3D bi-ventricular activation time distributions and to relate these modes to corresponding vectorcardiograms (VCGs). We investigated how the resulting dimensionality reduction can improve and accelerate the estimation of activation patterns from surface electrogram measurements.

Methods and results
Atlases of activation time (AT) and VCGs were derived using principal component analysis on a dataset of simulated electrophysiology simulations computed on eight patient-specific bi-ventricular geometries. The atlases provided significant dimensionality reduction, and the modes of variation in the two atlases described similar features. Utility of the atlases was assessed by resolving clinical waveforms against them and the VCG atlas was able to accurately reconstruct the patient VCGs with fewer than 10 modes. A sensitivity analysis between the two atlases was performed by calculating a compact Jacobian. Finally, VCGs generated by varying AT atlas modes were compared with clinical VCGs to estimate patient-specific activation maps, and the resulting errors between the clinical and atlas-based VCGs were less than those from more computationally expensive method.

Conclusion
Atlases of activation and VCGs represent a new method of identifying and relating the features of these high-dimensional signals that capture the major sources of variation between patients and may aid in identifying novel clinical indices of arrhythmia risk or therapeutic outcome.
Comparative analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Borderline Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) in community and food of animal origin
Authors: Zehra Asima , Gulzar Maliha , Singh Randhir , Kaur Simranpreet , Gill J P S 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to illustrate the relative pervasiveness of Borderline Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in community and food of animal origin and their relationship with other genetic determinants. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were subjected to E-test using the antibiotics: oxacillin, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, vancomycin, genotypic tests for the genes mecA, vanA, blaZ, pvl gene and SCCmec typing. The prevalence of S. aureus (MRSA) in the food of animal origin and community settings was 21% (1.8% MRSA) and 21.9% (7.4% MRSA), respectively. SCCmec type V was prevalent among the food of animal origin, while SCCmec type IVa among the community isolates. The likelihood of MRSA presence among community isolates was three times more than in isolates from chicken and milk samples. Likewise, the likelihood of detecting pvl positive MRSA (pvl+MRSA) isolates was 4-fold higher in the community setting than in the food of animal origin. The mecA negative BORSA (mecA−BORSA) was a frequently observed phenotype among S. aureus isolates. Also, co-detection of pvl and cotrimoxazol resistance was reported in this study although there was no noteworthy correlation of cotrimoxazol resistance with the type of sample. Isolates from milk and community settings exhibit higher minimum inhibitory concentration to vancomycin (Vancomycin MIC creep, 2–4 µg/mL).

Significance
Current study provides the information on the statistical relationship between the genetic determinants of S. aureus with respect to sample type, and additionally the correlation that exists between the pvl and MRSA, pvl and cotrimoxazol resistance, vancomycin MIC and MRSA/Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus (MSSA).
On negative induced polarization in frequency domain measurements
Authors: Wang Chen , Binley Andrew , Slater Lee D 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
Induced polarization (IP) has been widely used to non-invasively characterize electrical conduction and polarization in the subsurface resulting from an applied electric field. Earth materials exhibit a lossy capacitance defined by a negative intrinsic phase in frequency-domain IP (FDIP) or a positive intrinsic chargeability in time-domain IP (TDIP). However, error-free positive apparent phase or negative apparent chargeability (i.e. negative IP effects) can occur in IP measurements over heterogeneous media. While negative IP effects in TDIP data sets have been discussed, no studies have addressed this topic in detail for FDIP measurements. We describe theory and numerical modelling to explain the origin of negative IP effects in FDIP measurements. A positive apparent phase may occur when a relatively high polarizability feature falls into negative sensitivity zones of complex resistivity measurements. The polarity of the apparent phase is determined by the distribution of subsurface intrinsic phase and resistivity, with the resistivity impacting the apparent phase polarity via its control on the sensitivity distribution. A physical explanation for the occurrence of positive apparent phase data is provided by an electric circuit model representing a four-electrode measurement. We also show that the apparent phase polarity will be frequency dependent when resistivity changes significantly with frequency (i.e. in the presence of significant IP effects). Consequently, negative IP effects manifest themselves in the shape of apparent phase spectra recorded with multifrequency (spectral IP) data sets. Our results imply that positive apparent phase measurements should be anticipated and should be retained during inversion and interpretation of single frequency and spectral IP data sets.
Risk Factors for Poor Outcome or Death in Young Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shi Ting , Vennard Sophie , Mahdy Sara , Nair Harish ,   RESCEU investigators, Nair Harish , Campbell Harry , Shi Ting , Li You , Openshaw Peter , Beutels Philippe , Bont Louis , Pollard Andrew , Molero Eva , Martinon-Torres Federico , Heikkinen Terho , Meijer Adam , Fischer Thea Kølsen , van den Berge Maarten , Giaquinto Carlo , Abram Michael , Swanson Kena , Stoszek Sonia K , Gallichan Scott , Demont Clarisse , Aerssens Jeroen , Cheret Arnaud , Rosen Brian , Fuentes Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–associated acute lower respiratory tract infection (RSV-ALRTI) constitutes a substantial disease burden in young children. We aimed to identify all studies investigating the risk factors for RSV-ALRTI poor outcome or death in young children.

Methods
We carried out a systematic literature review across 7 databases with data from studies published from January 1995 to December 2019. We defined poor outcome as need for prolonged hospital stay, oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission. The quality of all eligible studies was assessed according to modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria. We conducted meta–analyses to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for individual risk factors.

Results
We identified 27 eligible studies, which investigated 20 risk factors for RSV-ALRTI poor outcome and/or death in children &lt;5 years old, compared with children with RSV-ALRTI who did not have poor outcome or who did not die. Among the risk factors, 6 were significantly associated with RSV-ALRTI poor outcome: any comorbid condition (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.89–3.83), congenital heart disease (3.40; 2.14–5.40), prematurity with gestational age (GA) &lt;37 weeks (1.75 (1.31–2.36), prematurity with GA ≤32 weeks (2.68; 1.43–5.04), age &lt;3 months (4.91; 1.64–14.71), and age &lt;6 months (2.02; 1.73–2.35). The meta-estimate ORs for all risk factors other than age &lt;3 months were based on studies using multivariable analysis. For death, only prematurity with GA &lt;37 weeks had a significant meta-estimated OR—3.81 (95% CI, 1.68–8.63)—based on univariable analysis.

Conclusions
This study represents a comprehensive report of the association between various risk factors and RSV-ALRTI poor outcome or death in young children. More research should be carried out to elucidate risk factors associated with poor outcome or death using multivariable analysis.
Analysis of Diglycolic Acid after Mass Poisoning by Diethylene Glycol
Authors: Goulart Cristiano O L , Bordoni Leonardo S , Nascentes Clésia C , Costa Letícia M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In December 2019, unusual cases of acute renal failure with neurological changes were observed in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Criminal investigations indicated cases of intoxication after consumption of beers contaminated with diethylene glycol (DEG). The elimination of DEG by the body is fast, but its metabolite, diglycolic acid (DA), may persist for a long time. To assess the level of intoxicated victims who consumed the contaminated beers, qualitative and quantitative methods were developed to determine DA in biological matrices by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC–MS) and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer with triple-quadrupole mass filter (GC–MS-MS), respectively. The validated qualitative method presents good selectivity and limit of detection of 1 µg/mL (whole blood, urine, vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid) and 5 µg/g (liver and kidney), respectively. A quantitative method for whole blood presented satisfactory performance to determine DA. Twelve victims presented positive results for DA in whole blood, with concentrations ranging from 2 to 108 µg/mL. The toxicology laboratory of the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Minas Gerais was the first governmental agency to identify DA in whole blood, vitreous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, kidney and urine in victims affected by this contaminant. The results of this study legally supported the prohibition of the continued consumption of the beer and avoided further intoxications. Our results showed, for real cases of human intoxication, that DA can still be detected in alternative matrices, even when non-detectable in blood, demonstrating the importance of collecting different kinds of samples for a proper investigation.
The systematics of the amphidromous shrimpMacrobrachium americanumSpence Bate, 1868 (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from the Mexican Pacific slope
Authors: García-Velazco Humberto , Maeda-Martínez Alejandro M , Obregón-Barboza Hortencia , Ruiz-Campos Gorgonio , Rodríguez-Almaraz Gabino A , Murugan Gopal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe amphidromous species of Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 occurring on the Mexican Pacific slope (M. americanum Spence Bate, 1868, M. digueti (Bouvier, 1895), M. hobbsi Nates & Villalobos in Villalobos Hiriart & Nates Rodríguez, 1990, M. occidentale Holthuis, 1950 (Holthuis, 1950b), and M. tenellum (Smith, 1871)) show a disjunct distribution, with the abscence of records along about 2000 km of the coastal margins in the northern Gulf of California. Recent morphological and genetic studies using the mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA (16S) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) show that individuals of the putative M. digueti, M. hobbsi, and M. occidentale from the Baja California Peninsula are conspecific to their respective taxonomic entities found along the Pacific slope of mainland Mexico. We review the systematics of M. americanum from the Mexican Pacific slope and found that individuals of putative M. americanum from the Baja California Peninsula belong to the same lineage of individuals from the Pacific slope of mainland Mexico based on newly generated fragments of the mitochondrial genes 16S (491 bp) and COI (548 bp). We present a systematic account for M. americanum, including a taxonomic treatment of the studied populations with a report of their genetic identity and phylogenetic relationships.
Creep hardening damage constitutive model of coal with fracture proppant
Authors: Cheng Qingying , Li Haoze , Huang Bingxiang , Zhao Xinglong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fracture is the flow channel of gas (fluid) body in the exploitation of coalbed methane and other energy sources. It has a great influence on gas (fluid) production and work efficiency. Creep results in the proppant embedded in the coal seam leading to fracture damage, reducing fracture permeability. However, there are few studies on a creep model considering proppant embedding in fractures. In this paper, a creep test of proppant embedment in a fracture of a coal seam is carried out, and a creep model considering the damage to proppant embedment is established. The results show that with an increase of closure stress, the range of strain rate first increases and then decreases, and the mean value of strain rate increases slowly and then increases rapidly when the closure stress levels increases in the stable creep stage. During the creep of coal with a fracture proppant, there is not only the hardening and damage of coal, but there is also the damage to proppant embedding. A creep hardening damage model considering the viscosity damage factor of coal, the stress hardening model, the elastic-plastic damage factor, proppant compaction and the embedded viscosity loss factor is established. The creep hardening damage model can better describe the whole process of decelerating creep, stable creep and accelerating creep of coal with proppant fracture.
The collection of Fabio Fani: Carracci, Luti, Garzi, sharks’ teeth and the ‘nail of the Great Beast’
Authors: Serafinelli Guendalina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article examines the collection of the neglected nobleman Fabio Fani, based on the evidence of his inventory drawn up in 1730. Housed in his Roman palace facing Piazza Borghese, Fabio’s collection consisted of more than 400 paintings, including works by notable artists. Prominent among them were two unusually monumental cycles by Benedetto Luti and Luigi Garzi, which now can be reconstructed and partly identified with paintings in public and private collections. In Fani’s palace there was also a cabinet of curiosities featuring naturalia, artificialia and objects from distant lands, as well as two rooms in which books on a variety of subjects were kept. A study of the display of art in Fabio’s residence and its dialogue with the space of the palace, the objects in the cabinet and the books furthers our understanding of collecting and display in early modern Rome.
TheCulexMosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of French Guiana: A Comprehensive Review With the Description of Three New Species
Authors: Talaga Stanislas , Duchemin Jean-Bernard , Girod Romain , Dusfour Isabelle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe taxonomically intricate genus Culex Linnaeus includes numerous known vector species of parasites and viruses to humans. The aim of this article is to comprehensively review the Culex species which occur in French Guiana to provide a stronger taxonomic foundation for future studies on this genus in South America. The occurrence of Culex species was investigated in light of current taxonomic knowledge through an extensive examination of voucher specimens deposited in the entomological collections of four French depositories and additional specimens recently collected at various localities in French Guiana. Based on this review, 104 Culex species classified in eight subgenera are confirmed to occur in French Guiana. Compared to the most recent checklist, 18 species are added, and 10 species excluded, resulting in a total number of 242 valid mosquito species known to occur in French Guiana. Three nominal species are synonymized, three others are newly described, and a last one is transferred to another informal infrasubgeneric group. Overall, this review also highlights the limits of the use of only bibliographic data when dealing with taxonomically complex groups of insects.
Tracking computability of GPAC-generable functions
Authors: Poças Diogo , Zucker Jeffery 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnalog computation attempts to capture any type of computation, that can be realized by any type of physical system or physical process, including but not limited to computation over continuous measurable quantities. A pioneering model is the General Purpose Analog Computer (GPAC), initially presented by Shannon in 1941. The GPAC is capable of manipulating real-valued data streams; however, it has been shown to be strictly less powerful than other models of computation on the reals, such as computable analysis.In previous work, we proposed an extension of the Shannon GPAC, denoted LGPAC, designed to overcome its limitations. Not only is the LGPAC model capable of expressing computation over general data spaces $\mathcal{X}$, but it also directly incorporates approximating computations by means of a limit module. An important feature of this work is the generalisation of the framework of the computation theory from Banach to Fréchet spaces.In this paper, we compare the LGPAC with a digital model of computation based on effective representations (tracking computability). We establish general conditions under which LGPAC-generable functions are tracking computable.
Baryon acoustic oscillations reconstruction using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Mao Tian-Xiang , Wang Jie , Li Baojiu , Cai Yan-Chuan , Falck Bridget , Neyrinck Mark , Szalay Alex 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We propose a new scheme to reconstruct the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) signal, which contains key cosmological information, based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNN). Trained with almost no fine tuning, the network can recover large-scale modes accurately in the test set: the correlation coefficient between the true and reconstructed initial conditions reaches $90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at $k\le 0.2 \, h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, which can lead to significant improvements of the BAO signal-to-noise ratio down to $k\simeq 0.4\, h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$. Since this new scheme is based on the configuration-space density field in sub-boxes, it is local and less affected by survey boundaries than the standard reconstruction method, as our tests confirm. We find that the network trained in one cosmology is able to reconstruct BAO peaks in the others, i.e. recovering information lost to non-linearity independent of cosmology. The accuracy of recovered BAO peak positions is far less than that caused by the difference in the cosmology models for training and testing, suggesting that different models can be distinguished efficiently in our scheme. It is very promising that our scheme provides a different new way to extract the cosmological information from the ongoing and future large galaxy surveys.
AstroSat view of IGR J17091−3624 and GRS 1915 + 105: decoding the ‘pulse’ in the ‘Heartbeat State’
Authors: Katoch Tilak , Baby Blessy E , Nandi Anuj , Agrawal Vivek K , Antia H M , Mukerjee Kallol 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
IGR J17091−3624 is a transient galactic black hole which has a distinct quasi-periodic variability known as ‘heartbeat’, similar to the one observed in GRS 1915 + 105. In this paper, we report the results of ∼125 ks AstroSat observations of this source during the 2016 outburst. For the first time, a double-peaked QPO (DPQ) is detected in a few time segments of this source with a difference of δf ∼ 12 mHz between the two peaks. The nature of the DPQ was studied based on hardness ratios and using the static as well as the dynamic power spectrum. Additionally, a low-frequency (25–48 mHz) ‘heartbeat’ single-peak QPO (SPQ) was observed at different intervals of time along with harmonics (50–95 mHz). Broad-band spectra in the range 0.7–23 keV, obtained with Soft X-ray Telescope and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter, could be fitted well with combination of a thermal Comptonization and a multicolour disc component model. During AstroSat observation, the source was in the soft-intermediate state (SIMS) as observed with Swift/XRT. We present a comparative study of the ‘heartbeat’ state variability in IGR J17091−3624 with GRS 1915 + 105. Significant difference in the timing properties is observed although spectral parameters (Γ ∼ 2.1–2.4 and Tmax ∼ 0.6–0.8 keV) in the broad energy band remain similar. Spectral properties of segments exhibiting SPQ and DPQ are further studied using simple phase-resolved spectroscopy which does not show a significant difference. Based on the model parameters, we obtain the maximum ratio of mass accretion rate in GRS 1915 + 105 to that in IGR J17091−3624 as ∼25: 1. We discuss the implications of our findings and comment on the physical origin of these exotic variabilities.
Simple application of adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles coating enhances cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity of titanium implant
Authors: Chen Lifeng , Mou Shan , Hou Jinfei , Fang Huimin , Zeng Yuyang , Sun Jiaming , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Surface modification using bioactive molecules is frequently performed to improve the biological properties of medical metal biomaterial titanium (Ti) implants. Developmental evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) served as potent bioactive component. As a subset of MSC-EV, adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) could be obtained from abundant adipose tissue. Meanwhile, it possesses multiple regenerative properties and might be used to endow biological activities to medical Ti implant. Here, we present a simple ADSC-EV coating strategy based on physisorption of fibronectin. This ADSC-EV functionalized Ti implants (EV-Ti) revealed enhanced osteoblast compatibility and osteoinductive activity. Cell spreading area of EV-Ti group was 1.62- and 1.48-fold larger than that of Ti group after 6 and 12 h of cell seeding, respectively. Moreover, EV-Ti promoted alkaline phosphatase, collagen 1 and osteocalcin gene expression in osteoblast by 1.51-, 1.68- and 1.82-fold compared with pristine Ti, respectively. Thus, the MSC-EVs modification method reported here provide a clinically translatable strategy to promote the bioactivity of Ti implants.
The study of dry biological valve crosslinked with a combination of carbodiimide and polyphenol
Authors: Yang Li , Xie Shuang , Ding Kailei , Lei Yang , Wang Yunbing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe glutaraldehyde crosslinked pericardium has been used in bioprosthetic valves for about 50 years. However, problems such as glutaraldehyde residue and calcification still exist in current commercial products. Non-glutaraldehyde crosslinked dry valve is an important strategy to solve those problems. In this study, a non-glutaraldehyde crosslinked dry biological valve material was obtained by the combined crosslinking of carbodiimide (EDC) and polyphenol. The results showed that the comprehensive properties of EDC and curcumin crosslinked pericardium were superior to glutaraldehyde crosslinked pericardium, including unfolding property, anti-calcification, cytotoxicity, anticoagulant properties, mechanical properties, enzyme degradation resistance and thermal shrinkage temperature. EDC and curcumin crosslinked dry pericardium could flatten after being folded at 40°C for 3 days while glutaraldehyde crosslinked pericardium could not. The calcification of pericardium treated with EDC and curcumin was 1.21 ± 0.36 mg/g in rats after 60 days’ subdermal implantation, much lower than that of glutaraldehyde treated control group (22.06 ± 3.17 mg/g).