bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GERD und adjuvante Radiochemotherapie prädisponieren für rezidivierende Stimmprotheseninsuffizienz
Authors: Jira Daniel , Pickhard Anja , Mair Lena , Zhu Zhaojun , Wollenberg Barbara , Buchberger Anna Maria Stefanie 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Wiedererlangung einer Stimmfunktion nach Laryngektomie ist ein zentrales Element für die postoperative Lebensqualität. Dazu haben sich Stimmprothesen als probates Mittel etabliert. Häufige Prothesenwechsel stellen für einige Patienten jedoch eine teils große Belastung dar, sodass ein besseres Verständnis der Ätiologie der Stimmprothesen- und Stimmprothesenlagerinsuffizienz benötigt wird.
Material und Methoden Es erfolgte die retrospektive Auswertung klinischer Daten von 58 Patienten nach Laryngektomie. Des Weiteren wurde prä- und postoperative CT-Bildgebung von 22 Patienten mit der Frage nach Stenosen im Bereich des Neopharynx verglichen.
Ergebnisse In dem untersuchten Kollektiv wurde bei 40 Patienten mindestens ein Wechsel der Stimmprothese durchgeführt; es zeigte sich ein medianes Wechselintervall von 235 Tagen. Patienten nach adjuvanter Radiochemotherapie zeigten signifikant kürzere Wechselintervalle als nach adjuvanter Radiotherapie (p = 0,002). Des Weiteren konnte eine gastroösophageale Refluxerkrankung (GERD) als Risikofaktor für kürzere Stimmprothesenwechselintervalle nachgewiesen werden (p = 0,04).Klinisch relevante Stenosen zeigten sich bei 17 Patienten (42,5 %), davon wurden 14 Patienten (82 %) mittels Bougierung therapiert und zeigten keine verkürzte Stimmprothesenverweildauer (p = 0,892).
Schlussfolgerung GERD stellt einen Risikofaktor für häufige Stimmprotheseninsuffizienz dar und sollte daher nach Laryngektomie suffizient therapiert werden. Mit zunehmender Eskalation der adjuvanten Therapie zeigt sich ein kürzeres Wechselintervall.Stenosen werden häufig nach Laryngektomie beobachtet, stellen aber unter Therapie keinen alleinigen Risikofaktor für eine kurze Stimmprothesenverweildauer dar.
Demystifying Palmar Midcarpal Instability
Authors: Jing Shan Shan , Smith Gemma , Deshmukh Subodh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPalmar midcarpal instability is an uncommon condition diagnosed clinically with a painful pathognomonic clunk on terminal ulnar deviation of the wrist. Various causes have been described, but congenital laxity of the carpal ligaments is thought to be a key contributor. Treatment commences with conservative measures. This includes proprioceptive training based on more recent concepts on the sensorimotor function of the wrist. When these measures plateau, surgery is considered. The lack of high-level evidence and consensus on its cause continue to hamper our understanding and knowledge of this condition. The purpose of this review is to examine the current evidence to conceptualize this mysterious, yet infrequent phenomenon, and to provide an algorithm on its management.
Alcohol Use Disorder and Hepatitis C Prevention and Care in People Who Inject Drugs: The State of Play
Authors: Marcellin Fabienne , Jaquet Antoine , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Molina Patricia , Carrieri Patrizia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSafe and effective treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has ushered in an era in which hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination, as set out by the World Health Organization, is possible. However, alcohol use disorder (AUD) has the potential to reduce the benefits of prevention interventions and reduce access to and continuity of HCV care in at-risk populations, such as people who inject drugs (PWID). We review the literature on the consequences of AUD on the effectiveness of HCV prevention and the cascade of care in PWID and provide recommendations for future research in the field of alcohol use and HCV.
‘We cannot abandon the two worlds, we have to be in both’
Authors: Sheldon Elena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates how the importance of English in academia has impacted the academic life of fourteen researchers in the humanities and social sciences (HSS) at one university in Chile and uses semi-structured interviews focussing on scholarly publication. The study intends to discover, firstly, what the national and the university policies are regarding publishing in Spanish and English in Chile; secondly, how important it is to publish in English and Spanish, with respect to the researchers’ disciplines; and, thirdly, whether researchers with expertise in English are better off in terms of publication than those who lack this expertise. Findings suggest that these researchers write more publications in Spanish than in English, but favour publishing in both languages, counterbalancing the spread of English as the dominant language of publication in academia because Spanish and English can co-exist without threatening the scholarly cultural traditions of Spanish scholars. These scholars also recognise that publishing in English assists them to attain a wider readership, and to gain greater monetary rewards for publication in high impact journals, usually in English, as a result of increased grants and promotions. Finally, the paper suggests considering practices for teaching English for Research Publication Purposes.
Extracellular vesicles from human iPSC‐derived neural stem cells: miRNA and protein signatures, and anti‐inflammatory and neurogenic properties
Authors: Upadhya Raghavendra , Madhu Leelavathi N. , Attaluri Sahithi , Gitaí Daniel Leite Góes , Pinson Marisa R , Kodali Maheedhar , Shetty Geetha , Zanirati Gabriele , Kumar Smrithi , Shuai Bing , Weintraub Susan T , Shetty Ashok K. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTGrafting of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has shown promise for brain repair after injury or disease, but safety issues have hindered their clinical application. Employing nano‐sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from hiPSC‐NSCs appears to be a safer alternative because they likely have similar neuroreparative properties as NSCs and are amenable for non‐invasive administration as an autologous or allogeneic off‐the‐shelf product. However, reliable methods for isolation, characterization and testing the biological properties of EVs are critically needed for translation. We investigated signatures of miRNAs and proteins and the biological activity of EVs, isolated from hiPSC‐NSCs through a combination of anion‐exchange chromatography (AEC) and size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). AEC and SEC facilitated the isolation of EVs with intact ultrastructure and expressing CD9, CD63, CD81, ALIX and TSG 101. Small RNA sequencing, proteomic analysis, pathway analysis and validation of select miRNAs and proteins revealed that EVs were enriched with miRNAs and proteins involved in neuroprotective, anti‐apoptotic, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, blood‐brain barrier repairing, neurogenic and Aβ reducing activities. Besides, EVs comprised miRNAs and/or proteins capable of promoting synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity and better cognitive function. Investigations using an in vitro macrophage assay and a mouse model of status epilepticus confirmed the anti‐inflammatory activity of EVs. Furthermore, the intranasal administration of EVs resulted in the incorporation of EVs by neurons, microglia and astrocytes in virtually all adult rat and mouse brain regions, and enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, biologically active EVs containing miRNAs and proteins relevant to brain repair could be isolated from hiPSC‐NSC cultures, making them a suitable biologic for treating neurodegenerative disorders.
A brief introduction to gauge-invariant dynamical systems
Authors: Thibes Ronaldo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We describe gauge symmetry at the elementary level aiming at undergraduate and first-year graduate theoretical physics students. The formal definition of gauge invariance as a local symmetry of the action is given and further elaborated and interpreted in detail in two physical models, namely, a mechanical system and the prototypical gauge field theory of electrodynamics. The first model, consisting of two interacting particles with gauge symmetry, sets the background and paves the way for the canonical analysis of the electromagnetic field as a constrained system. The Dirac–Bergmann algorithm and the necessity of Dirac brackets for the canonical quantization of constrained systems are discussed within the two models context. The whole analysis is written in a didactical way trying to guide and motivate undergraduate students along an introduction to gauge symmetry. After going through this present brief introduction, the reader should be well prepared to boldly continue their journey through more advanced standard textbooks on the subject.
Semiconductor enhanced plasma synthetic jet actuator
Authors: Miao Huifeng , Zhang Zhibo , Wu Yun , Cui Wei , Li Yinghong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Designing a plasma synthetic jet actuator (PSJA) with high efficiency and low driving voltage is a permanent and unchangeable pursuit for researchers. Based on the surface flashover phenomenon of semiconductors, a novel semiconductor enhanced PSJA (SEPSJA) is put forward. The electrical characteristics and jet performance of the SEPSJA are investigated based on electrical measurements and a high speed schlieren image system. The minimum driving voltage of the SEPSJA with a 6 mm electrode distance can be reduced to about 2.64 kV at 1 atm and kept fixed over a large range of air pressure. With the same input energy, the performance of the SEPSJA is better than the traditional PSJA with a short electrode distance restricted by high breakdown voltage. Owing to the long inter-electrode gap, the average discharge efficiency can be improved by 40%–50% compared with the PSJA. An increase of over 70% of the maximum jet velocity is validated by the schlieren image. The maximum shock wave velocity of the SEPSJA (545 m s−1) increased by about 24% more than that of the traditional PSJA (439 m s−1). It can be concluded that the SEPSJA is worthy to be further studied in flow control field.
In-situ formation and evolution of atomic defects in monolayer WSe2 under electron irradiation
Authors: Leiter Robert , Li Yueliang , Kaiser Ute 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers such as MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2 and WSe2 have attracted significant interest due to their remarkable electronic and optical properties, exhibiting a direct band gap, enabling usability in electronics and optics. Their properties can be altered further by the introduction of lattice defects. In this work, the dynamics of the formation of electron-beam-induced lattice defects in monolayer WSe2 are investigated by in-situ spherical and chromatic aberration-corrected low-voltage transmission electron microscopy. We show and analyze the electron-dose-limited life of a monolayer WSe2 from the formation of isolated Se vacancies over extended defects such as vacancy lines, mirror twin boundaries (MTBs) and inversion domains towards the loss of W atoms leading to the formation of holes and finally the destruction of the monolayer. We identify, moreover, a new type of MTB. Our study extends the basic understanding of defect dynamics in monolayer WSe2, sheds further light on the electron radiation response and suggests new ways for engineering the in-plane architecture of TMDs.
Insight the process of hydrazine gas adsorption on layered WS2: a first principle study
Authors: Khan Musa Md Rajib , Zhang Congyan , Alruqui Adel Bandar A , Zhao Rong , Jasinski Jacek B , Sumanasekera Gamini , Yu Ming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The process of hydrazine gas adsorption on layered WS2 has been systematically studied from first principle calculations. Our results demonstrate that this adsorption process is exothermic, and hydrazine molecules are physically adsorbed. The layer-dependent adsorption energy and interlayer separation induced by van der Waals interaction exerted by hydrazine molecules lead to the difficulty in desorbing hydrazine molecules from layered WS2 as the number of layers increases. The most interesting finding is the emergence of localized impurity states below the Fermi level upon the hydrazine adsorption, irrespective of the number of WS2 layers, resulting in a significant effect on the band structures and subsequently changing its electrical conductivity. Furthermore, a layer-dependent small charge transfer occurs between hydrazine and layered WS2, leading to a charge redistribution and considerable polarization in the adsorbed systems. The existence of defects and the humidity, on the other hand, influences the sensitivity of layered WS2 to the hydrazine adsorption. Obtained results show that a perfectly layered WS2 might be a promising candidate as an efficient nanosensor to detect such toxic gas in dry environment.
Intensity non-uniformity correction in MR imaging using residual cycle generative adversarial network
Authors: Dai Xianjin , Lei Yang , Liu Yingzi , Wang Tonghe , Ren Lei , Curran Walter J , Patel Pretesh , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Correcting or reducing the effects of voxel intensity non-uniformity (INU) within a given tissue type is a crucial issue for quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) image analysis in daily clinical practice. Although having no severe impact on visual diagnosis, the INU can highly degrade the performance of automatic quantitative analysis such as segmentation, registration, feature extraction and radiomics. In this study, we present an advanced deep learning based INU correction algorithm called residual cycle generative adversarial network (res-cycle GAN), which integrates the residual block concept into a cycle-consistent GAN (cycle-GAN). In cycle-GAN, an inverse transformation was implemented between the INU uncorrected and corrected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images to constrain the model through forcing the calculation of both an INU corrected MRI and a synthetic corrected MRI. A fully convolution neural network integrating residual blocks was applied in the generator of cycle-GAN to enhance end-to-end raw MRI to INU corrected MRI transformation. A cohort of 55 abdominal patients with T1-weighted MR INU images and their corrections with a clinically established and commonly used method, namely, N4ITK were used as a pair to evaluate the proposed res-cycle GAN based INU correction algorithm. Quantitatively comparisons of normalized mean absolute error (NMAE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), normalized cross-correlation (NCC) indices, and spatial non-uniformity (SNU) were made among the proposed method and other approaches. Our res-cycle GAN based method achieved an NMAE of 0.011 ± 0.002, a PSNR of 28.0 ± 1.9 dB, an NCC of 0.970 ± 0.017, and a SNU of 0.298 ± 0.085. Our proposed method has significant improvements (p < 0.05) in NMAE, PSNR, NCC and SNU over other algorithms including conventional GAN and U-net. Once the model is well trained, our approach can automatically generate the corrected MR images in a few minutes, eliminating the need for manual setting of parameters.
Non-material contributions of wildlife to human well-being: a systematic review
Authors: Methorst Joel , Arbieu Ugo , Bonn Aletta , Böhning-Gaese Katrin , Müller Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Wildlife has important effects on human well-being, ranging from beneficial contributions to life threatening interactions. Here, we systematically reviewed publications of both positive and negative non-material contributions of wildlife to people (WCP) for different taxonomic groups (birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians) and dimensions of human well-being such as health, social well-being, identity and spirituality. Overall, the majority of studies reported negative WCP, such as feelings of insecurity or injuries. However, over the last decade the number of publications on positive WCP such as good mental health, positive emotions or learning increased, mainly in the Global North. These spatial and temporal patterns may hint towards normative influences that drive the relative proportion of reported WCP. However, these normative influences are not yet well understood and future research should examine potential biases by conducting policy assessments or surveys among researchers to understand drivers and motivations behind their research questions. We found almost no joint assessments of positive and negative WCP for any wildlife species. Studies also showed taxon-specific differences in WCP outcomes, with predominantly positive WCP reported for birds and predominantly negative WCP published for mammals or reptiles. Physical health was the most dominant aspect of well-being studied and affected by WCP while other well-being dimensions such as social well-being, learning or identity were less frequently covered in the literature. Future studies should jointly evaluate positive and negative effects of wildlife on human well-being and implement multi-taxon approaches to obtain a more balanced and comprehensive understanding of WCP. These assessments of WCP will provide actionable science outcomes that will shape human-wildlife coexistence and promote human health and well-being.
Understanding the role of phenology and summer physiology in controlling net ecosystem production: a multiscale comparison of satellite, PhenoCam and eddy covariance data
Authors: Liu Ying , Wu Chaoyang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Understanding the temporal and spatial variability (SV) of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is critical for coupling ecosystem carbon (C) cycle and climate system. Previous studies have shown responses of NEP to changes of plant phenology, but impacts of summer physiological status on annual NEP and how this may vary across different ecosystems and spatial scales were largely unknown. Combining large regional satellite derived indices (MODIS), 676 site-year local data (FLUXDATA) covering seven vegetation types, and 57 site-year regional data (PhenoCam), we found that phenological metrics and summer physiological indicators were significantly correlated with their respective gross primary production-based estimates. The interannual variability of NEP was mostly explained by summer physiology than phenology for most ecosystems, while phenology showed a better performance than summer physiology only for grassland sites. In comparison, inconsistent results were derived from three scales when explaining the SV of NEP. Summer physiology showed more potential in interpreting the SV of NEP at large regional scale, but both physiology and the length of growing season exhibited similar performances at local scale. Observations from regional scale were not able to explain NEP, given that the green chromatic coordinate signal cannot track photosynthesis in summer with a high canopy closure. The finding highlights the important role of summer physiology in controlling the C accumulation of terrestrial ecosystems and understanding the responses of summer physiology to environmental drivers is of great significance for improving the simulation accuracy of C sequestration under the global climate change.
Colombia’s transition to peace is enhancing coca-driven deforestation
Authors: Mendoza Juan P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Forests cover 70% of the Colombian territory, which includes part of the Amazon. Recent studies have examined how the country’s tree cover dynamics are affected by coca cultivation and its internal armed conflict. In light of Colombia’s recent peace agreement, this study examines whether the impact of coca cultivation on forest loss is conditional on the conflict (i.e. whether the impact varies across different levels of conflict intensity). This conditional association is supported by a state-of-the-art spatial panel data analysis, covering the entire territory throughout 2006–2019. As the conflict becomes less intense, each hectare of coca is associated with a larger extension of forest loss.
The collapse points of increasing trend of vegetation rain-use efficiency under droughts
Authors: Chen Zefeng , Wang Weiguang , Yu Zhongbo , Xia Jun , Schwartz Franklin W 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe vegetation rain-use efficiency (RUE) represents the ability of an ecosystem to use rainfall and is an important descriptor of ecological functions of terrestrial system. Although studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of droughts on vegetation, we still lack critical understanding of how exactly RUE responds to droughts of different time scales and intensities. Here, we present evidence for a rapid response in RUE, and collapse points of RUE increase trend during droughts by using multi-source meteorological data and satellite-derived vegetation indices. The highest correlation was found consistently between RUE and computed drought index at time scale of 1 month for all biome types and climate regimes. We further discovered that RUE increased significantly with amplification of drought intensity to a maximum RUE, especially for semi-arid and arid biomes. As drought is prolonged, RUE increased till a tipping point was reached across all biomes and climatic conditions, indicating that the long-term droughts weaken the sensitivities of RUE to drought and threaten the resilience of ecosystem. This study comprehensively provides a satellite-based evaluation of RUE response to different drought features. We envisage that the findings would contribute to the development of drought early warning from an ecological perspective and to provide the sustainable environmental management.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Response in Zimbabwe: A Call for Urgent Scale-up of Testing to meet National Capacity
Authors: Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Mukwenha Solomon , Eghtessadi Rouzeh , Cuadros Diego F , Mhlanga Gibson , Musuka Godfrey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) heavily relies on universal access to testing in order to identify who is infected; track them to make sure they do not spread the disease further; and trace those with whom they have been in contact. The recent surge in COVID-19 cases in Zimbabwe is an urgent national public health concern and requires coordinated efforts to scale up testing using the capacity already in existence in the country. There is a need for substantial decentralization of testing, investment in better working conditions for frontline health workers, and the implementation of measures to curb corruption within government structures.