bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress gates an astrocytic energy reservoir to impair synaptic plasticity
Authors: Murphy-Royal Ciaran , Johnston April D. , Boyce Andrew K. J. , Diaz-Castro Blanca , Institoris Adam , Peringod Govind , Zhang Oliver , Stout Randy F. , Spray David C. , Thompson Roger J. , Khakh Baljit S. , Bains Jaideep S. , Gordon Grant R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAstrocytes support the energy demands of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Enduring changes in synaptic efficacy are highly sensitive to stress, yet whether changes to astrocyte bioenergetic control of synapses contributes to stress-impaired plasticity is unclear. Here we show in mice that stress constrains the shuttling of glucose and lactate through astrocyte networks, creating a barrier for neuronal access to an astrocytic energy reservoir in the hippocampus and neocortex, compromising long-term potentiation. Impairing astrocytic delivery of energy substrates by reducing astrocyte gap junction coupling with dominant negative connexin 43 or by disrupting lactate efflux was sufficient to mimic the effects of stress on long-term potentiation. Furthermore, direct restoration of the astrocyte lactate supply alone rescued stress-impaired synaptic plasticity, which was blocked by inhibiting neural lactate uptake. This gating of synaptic plasticity in stress by astrocytic metabolic networks indicates a broader role of astrocyte bioenergetics in determining how experience-dependent information is controlled.
Dynamic co-catalysis of Au single atoms and nanoporous Au for methane pyrolysis
Authors: Xi Wei , Wang Kai , Shen Yongli , Ge Mengke , Deng Ziliang , Zhao Yunfeng , Cao Qiue , Ding Yi , Hu Guangzhi , Luo Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanocatalysts and single-atom catalysts are both vital for heterogeneous catalysis. They are recognized as two different categories of catalysts. Nevertheless, recent theoretical works have indicated that Au nanoparticles/clusters release Au single atoms in CO oxidation, and they co-catalyze the oxidation. However, to date, neither experimental evidence for the co-catalysis nor direct observations on any heterogeneous catalysis process of single-atom catalysts are reported. Here, the dynamic process of nanoporous Au to catalyze methane pyrolysis is monitored by in situ transmission electron microscopy with high spatial–temporal resolutions. It demonstrates that nanoporous Au surfaces partially disintegrate, releasing Au single atoms. As demonstrated by DFT calculation, the single atoms could co-catalyze the reaction with nanoporous Au. Moreover, the single atoms dynamically aggregate into nanoparticles, which re-disintegrate back to single atoms. This work manifests that under certain conditions, the heterogeneous catalysis processes of nanocatalysts and single-atom catalysts are not independent, where their dynamic co-catalysis exists.
Targeting zonulin and intestinal epithelial barrier function to prevent onset of arthritis
Authors: Tajik Narges , Frech Michael , Schulz Oscar , Schälter Fabian , Lucas Sébastien , Azizov Vugar , Dürholz Kerstin , Steffen Franziska , Omata Yasunori , Rings Andreas , Bertog Marko , Rizzo Aroldo , Iljazovic Aida , Basic Marijana , Kleyer Arnd , Culemann Stephan , Krönke Gerhard , Luo Yubin , Überla Klaus , Gaipl Udo S. , Frey Benjamin , Strowig Till , Sarter Kerstin , Bischoff Stephan C. , Wirtz Stefan , Cañete Juan D. , Ciccia Francesco , Schett Georg , Zaiss Mario M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGut microbial dysbiosis is associated with the development of autoimmune disease, but the mechanisms by which microbial dysbiosis affects the transition from asymptomatic autoimmunity to inflammatory disease are incompletely characterized. Here, we identify intestinal barrier integrity as an important checkpoint in translating autoimmunity to inflammation. Zonulin family peptide (zonulin), a potent regulator for intestinal tight junctions, is highly expressed in autoimmune mice and humans and can be used to predict transition from autoimmunity to inflammatory arthritis. Increased serum zonulin levels are accompanied by a leaky intestinal barrier, dysbiosis and inflammation. Restoration of the intestinal barrier in the pre-phase of arthritis using butyrate or a cannabinoid type 1 receptor agonist inhibits the development of arthritis. Moreover, treatment with the zonulin antagonist larazotide acetate, which specifically increases intestinal barrier integrity, effectively reduces arthritis onset. These data identify a preventive approach for the onset of autoimmune disease by specifically targeting impaired intestinal barrier function.
Direct evidence of boosted oxygen evolution over perovskite by enhanced lattice oxygen participation
Authors: Pan Yangli , Xu Xiaomin , Zhong Yijun , Ge Lei , Chen Yubo , Veder Jean-Pierre Marcel , Guan Daqin , O’Hayre Ryan , Li Mengran , Wang Guoxiong , Wang Hao , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts remains a major challenge that requires significant advances in both mechanistic understanding and material design. Recent studies show that oxygen from the perovskite oxide lattice could participate in the OER via a lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism, providing possibilities for the development of alternative electrocatalysts that could overcome the scaling relations-induced limitations found in conventional catalysts utilizing the adsorbate evolution mechanism. Here we distinguish the extent to which the participation of lattice oxygen can contribute to the OER through the rational design of a model system of silicon-incorporated strontium cobaltite perovskite electrocatalysts with similar surface transition metal properties yet different oxygen diffusion rates. The as-derived silicon-incorporated perovskite exhibits a 12.8-fold increase in oxygen diffusivity, which matches well with the 10-fold improvement of intrinsic OER activity, suggesting that the observed activity increase is dominantly a result of the enhanced lattice oxygen participation.
Nitrogen starvation reveals the mitotic potential of mutants in the S/MAPK pathways
Authors: Makarenko Rostyslav , Denis Claire , Francesconi Stefania , Gangloff Serge , Arcangioli Benoît 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe genetics of quiescence is an emerging field compared to that of growth, yet both states generate spontaneous mutations and genetic diversity fueling evolution. Reconciling mutation rates in dividing conditions and mutation accumulation as a function of time in non-dividing situations remains a challenge. Nitrogen-starved fission yeast cells reversibly arrest proliferation, are metabolically active and highly resistant to a variety of stresses. Here, we show that mutations in stress- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (S/MAPK) signaling pathways are enriched in aging cultures. Targeted resequencing and competition experiments indicate that these mutants arise in the first month of quiescence and expand clonally during the second month at the expense of the parental population. Reconstitution experiments show that S/MAPK modules mediate the sacrifice of many cells for the benefit of some mutants. These findings suggest that non-dividing conditions promote genetic diversity to generate a social cellular environment prone to kin selection.
Ptch2/Gas1 and Ptch1/Boc differentially regulate Hedgehog signalling in murine primordial germ cell migration
Authors: Kim Yeonjoo , Lee Jiyoung , Seppala Maisa , Cobourne Martyn T. , Kim Soo-Hyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGas1 and Boc/Cdon act as co-receptors in the vertebrate Hedgehog signalling pathway, but the nature of their interaction with the primary Ptch1/2 receptors remains unclear. Here we demonstrate, using primordial germ cell migration in mouse as a developmental model, that specific hetero-complexes of Ptch2/Gas1 and Ptch1/Boc mediate the process of Smo de-repression with different kinetics, through distinct modes of Hedgehog ligand reception. Moreover, Ptch2-mediated Hedgehog signalling induces the phosphorylation of Creb and Src proteins in parallel to Gli induction, identifying a previously unknown Ptch2-specific signal pathway. We propose that although Ptch1 and Ptch2 functionally overlap in the sequestration of Smo, the spatiotemporal expression of Boc and Gas1 may determine the outcome of Hedgehog signalling through compartmentalisation and modulation of Smo-downstream signalling. Our study identifies the existence of a divergent Hedgehog signal pathway mediated by Ptch2 and provides a mechanism for differential interpretation of Hedgehog signalling in the germ cell niche.
Apolipoprotein J is a hepatokine regulating muscle glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Seo Ji A , Kang Min-Cheol , Yang Won-Mo , Hwang Won Min , Kim Sang Soo , Hong Soo Hyun , Heo Jee-In , Vijyakumar Achana , Pereira de Moura Leandro , Uner Aykut , Huang Hu , Lee Seung Hwan , Lima Inês S. , Park Kyong Soo , Kim Min Seon , Dagon Yossi , Willnow Thomas E. , Aroda Vanita , Ciaraldi Theodore P. , Henry Robert R. , Kim Young-Bum 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCrosstalk between liver and skeletal muscle is vital for glucose homeostasis. Hepatokines, liver-derived proteins that play an important role in regulating muscle metabolism, are important to this communication. Here we identify apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) as a novel hepatokine targeting muscle glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through a low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2 (LRP2)-dependent mechanism, coupled with the insulin receptor (IR) signaling cascade. In muscle, LRP2 is necessary for insulin-dependent IR internalization, an initial trigger for insulin signaling, that is crucial in regulating downstream signaling and glucose uptake. Of physiologic significance, deletion of hepatic ApoJ or muscle LRP2 causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, pioglitazone-induced improvement of insulin action is associated with an increase in muscle ApoJ and LRP2 expression. Thus, the ApoJ-LRP2 axis is a novel endocrine circuit that is central to the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus by recombinant ACE2-Ig
Authors: Lei Changhai , Qian Kewen , Li Tian , Zhang Sheng , Fu Wenyan , Ding Min , Hu Shi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, and there are currently no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines available. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to use the same cell entry receptor as SARS-CoV, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In this report, we generate a recombinant protein by connecting the extracellular domain of human ACE2 to the Fc region of the human immunoglobulin IgG1. A fusion protein containing an ACE2 mutant with low catalytic activity is also used in this study. The fusion proteins are then characterized. Both fusion proteins have a high binding affinity for the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 and exhibit desirable pharmacological properties in mice. Moreover, the fusion proteins neutralize virus pseudotyped with SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in vitro. As these fusion proteins exhibit cross-reactivity against coronaviruses, they have potential applications in the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
Tunable chemical complexity to control atomic diffusion in alloys
Authors: Osetsky Yuri , Barashev Alexander V. , Béland Laurent K. , Yao Zhongwen , Ferasat Keyvan , Zhang Yanwen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper we report a new fundamental understanding of chemically-biased diffusion in Ni–Fe random alloys that is tuned/controlled by the intrinsic quantifiable chemical complexity. Development of radiation-tolerant alloys has been a long-standing challenge. Here we show how intrinsic chemical complexity can be utilized to guide the atomic diffusion and suppress radiation damage. The influence of chemical complexity is shown by the example of interstitial atom (IA) diffusion that is the most important defect in radiation effects. We use μs-scale molecular dynamics to reveal sluggish diffusion and percolation of IAs in concentrated Ni–Fe alloys. We develop a mean field diffusion model to take into account the effect of migrating defect energy properties on diffusion percolation, which is verified by a new kinetic Monte Carlo approach addressing detailed processes. We demonstrate that the local variations in the ground state energy of IA configurations in alloys, reflecting the chemical difference between alloying components, drives the percolation effects for atomic diffusion. Percolation, chemically-biased and sluggish diffusion are phenomena that are directly related to the chemical complexity intrinsically to multicomponent alloys.
Association between Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Metabolic Syndrome in Southwest China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yan Li-Bo , Liao Juan , Han Ning , Zhou Ling-Yun , Wang Xue-Er , Wang You-Juan , Tang Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe correlation between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains to be clarified. In this study, we explored this association in a large population in Southwest China. This was a cross-sectional study, with pooled adult health data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, HBV status, alanine aminotransferase, and fatty liver, was used to identify predictor(s) of MetS. Of the 96,175 participants, positive HBV was identified in 7984 (8.30%) and MetS in 12,092 (12.57%). The MetS prevalence was lower among HBV positive than negative individuals (11.64% versus 12.66%, P < 0.001). The adjusted odds (aOR) of positive HBV among individuals with MetS was 0.841 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.771–0.916) in men and 0.834 (95% CI, 0.672–0.925) in women. Elevated triglyceride level, a component of MetS, was inversely associated with HBV status in both men and women: aOR, 0.551 (95% CI, 0.514–0.590) and 0.683 (95% CI, 0.605–0.769), respectively. Among HBV positive individuals, liver cirrhosis was more common among those with than without MetS (4.83% versus 2.93%, respectively; P = 0.002). HBsAg-seropositive are inversely associated with MetS, especially elevated triglycerides. Liver cirrhosis was more common among HBV infection patients with MetS.
Influence of micropatterned substrates on keratocyte phenotype
Authors: Bhattacharjee Promita , Cavanagh Brenton L. , Ahearne Mark 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubstrate topographic patterning is a powerful tool that can be used to manipulate cell shape and orientation. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between surface topography and keratocyte behavior, surface patterns consisting of linear aligned or orthogonally aligned microchannels were used. Photolithography and polymer molding techniques were used to fabricate micropatterns on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Cells on linear aligned substrates were elongated and aligned in the channel direction, while cells on orthogonal substrates had a more spread morphology. Both linear and orthogonal topographies induced chromatin condensation and resulted in higher expressions of keratocyte specific genes and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), compared with non-patterned substrates. However, despite differences in cell morphology and focal adhesions, many genes associated with a native keratocyte phenotype, such as keratocan and ALDH3A1, remain unchanged on the different patterned substrates. This information could be used to optimize substrates for keratocyte culture and to develop scaffolds for corneal regeneration.
Neck-specific exercise for radiating pain and neurological deficits in chronic whiplash, a 1-year follow-up of a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Ludvigsson Maria Landén , Peterson Gunnel , Peolsson Anneli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUp to 90% of people with neurological deficits following whiplash injury report chronic symptoms. A recent unique study of neck-specific exercise showed positive results (post-intervention at 12 weeks), regarding arm pain and neurological deficits in people with chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD). This 1-year follow-up of that randomised controlled study with assessor blinding aimed to examine whether neck-specific exercise with (NSEB) or without (NSE) a behavioural approach has long-term benefits over physical activity prescription (PPA) regarding arm pain and neurological deficits (n = 171). Interventions were: NSE, NSEB, or PPA. Follow-up of arm pain, paraesthesia bothersomeness (questionnaires) and clinical neurological tests were performed after 3, 6 and 12 months and analysed with Linear Mixed Models and General Estimating Equations. The NSE and/or NSEB groups reported significantly less pain and paraesthesia bothersomeness as well as higher odds of normal key muscle arm strength and of normal upper limb neural tension over the year (all p < 0.03), compared with PPA. In conclusion, results suggest that neck-specific exercise with or without a behavioural approach may have persisting long term benefits over PPA regarding arm pain and clinical signs associated with neurological deficits in chronic WAD.
Neuroprotective effect of alogliptin on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Shigematsu Nao , Kawashiri Takehiro , Kobayashi Daisuke , Shimizu Shiori , Mine Keisuke , Hiromoto Shiori , Uchida Mayako , Egashira Nobuaki , Shimazoe Takao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOxaliplatin is a platinum-based antineoplastic drug commonly used for treating colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. However, it frequently causes peripheral neuropathy as dose-limiting toxicity and is lacking a strategy for prevention. Alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is an oral antidiabetic drug. Previous studies have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors have pleiotropic effects, including neuroprotection. In this study, we investigated the effects of alogliptin on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy using in vitro and in vivo models. In PC12 cells, alogliptin attenuated neurite disorders induced by oxaliplatin and cisplatin. The repeated injection of oxaliplatin caused mechanical allodynia and axonal degeneration of the sciatic nerve in rats. These neuropathies were ameliorated by co-administration of alogliptin. Moreover, alogliptin did not attenuate tumor cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in the cultured colon, gastric, or pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor-bearing mice. These findings suggest that alogliptin may be beneficial for preventing oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Control of cell colony growth by contact inhibition
Authors: Schnyder Simon K. , Molina John J. , Yamamoto Ryoichi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContact inhibition is a cell property that limits the migration and proliferation of cells in crowded environments. Here we investigate the growth dynamics of a cell colony composed of migrating and proliferating cells on a substrate using a minimal model that incorporates the mechanisms of contact inhibition of locomotion and proliferation. We find two distinct regimes. At early times, when contact inhibition is weak, the colony grows exponentially in time, fully characterised by the proliferation rate. At long times, the colony boundary moves at a constant speed, determined only by the migration speed of a single cell and independent of the proliferation rate. Further, the model demonstrates how cell-cell alignment speeds up colony growth. Our model illuminates how simple local mechanical interactions give rise to contact inhibition, and from this, how cell colony growth is self-organised and controlled on a local level.
Structural dynamics effects on the electronic predissociation of alkyl iodides
Authors: Murillo-Sánchez Marta L. , Zanchet Alexandre , Marggi Poullain Sonia , González-Vázquez Jesús , Bañares Luis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe correlation between chemical structure and predissociation dynamics has been evaluated for a series of linear and branched alkyl iodides with increasing structural complexity by means of femtosecond time-resolved velocity map imaging experiments following excitation on the second absorption band (B-band) at around 201 nm. The time-resolved images for the iodine fragment are reported and analyzed in order to extract electronic predissociation lifetimes and the temporal evolution of the anisotropy while the experimental results are supported by ab initio calculations of the potential energy curves as a function of the C-I distance. Remarkable similarities are observed for all molecules consistent with a major predissociation of the initially populated bound Rydberg states 6A″ and 7A′ through a crossing with the purely repulsive states 7A″, 8A′ and 8A″ leading to a major R + I*(2P1/2) (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, i-C3H7 and t-C4H9) dissociation channel. The reported electronic predissociation lifetimes are found to decrease for an increasing size of the linear radical, reflecting the shifts observed in the position of the crossings in the potential energy curves, and very likely a greater non-adiabatic coupling between the initially populated Rydberg states and the repulsive states leading to dissociation induced by other coordinates associated to key vibrational normal modes. The loss of anisotropy is fully accounted for by the parent molecular rotation during predissociation and the rotational temperature of the parent molecule in the molecular beam is reasonably derived.
Simultaneous optimization of parameters influencing organic mulch test using response surface methodology
Authors: Shojaei Saeed , Ardakani Mohammad Ali Hakimzadeh , Sodaiezadeh Hamid , jafari Mohammad , afzali Seyed fakhreddin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWind erosion could be regarded as one of the most important phenomena especially in arid lands in the globe, which destroys vast areas with its rapid growth. Due to global droughts and climate change, vegetation is weakened and soil particles are more easily exposed to wind erosion. Today, various methods have been developed to control wind erosion. One of the most commonly used methods is the use of mulch. Mulch has several types (physical-chemical). The purpose of this research is to make organic mulch with inexpensive and available compounds to prevent environmental pollution as well as preventing wind erosion. For this purpose, Chaff, Manure, Biosolids and Black Strap mixture were used. The surface response method (RSM) was utilized to perform the relevant tests and create optimal situation. In this study, the central composite design (CCD) in RSM modeling was applied to make the optimal experimental conditions of erosion and penetration resistance. The effect of concentration of Chaff, Manure, Biosolids and Black Strap, was evaluated in erosion and penetration resistance and each variable was coded at five levels. The optimum values for penetration resistance of 1.8 (kg/cm2) for Chaff, Manure, Biosolids, and Black Strap, were 11.32, 15.72, 19.23 and 4.37 g, respectively. Also, the optimum values of mulch combination for wind erosion of 1.8 kg/cm2 for Chaff, Manure, Biosolids, and Black Strap, were 12.49, 19.95, 16.71 and 7.15 g, respectively. By increasing the use of these compounds, adhesion and erosion resistance increased and more consumption of Black Strap had a reverse effect. This was due to the loosing of soil particles and creating exponential mode in graphs. According to the results, no particular distinction was found between predicted data by Design-Expert software and experimental data and simulation results can be expressed reliably.