bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the approved tariff cover the actual cost of global surgical procedures?
Authors: Zarei Ehsan , Hashemi Maedehalsadadt , Daneshkohan Abbas , Kakemam Edris 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Following the implementation of the health transformation plan in Iran and the significant increase in medical tariffs, it seems there is still a considerable gap between the actual cost of the Global Surgical procedures (GSPs) and the approved tariffs. The aim of this study was to compare the actual costs of GSPs with approved tariffs in hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data of 6,126 GSPs performed in three hospitals were extracted from Hospital Information System and approved tariffs were also obtained from the Supreme Council of Health Insurance. The difference between the average actual costs of a GSP and its tariff was considered as the tariff-actual cost gap. Regression test was used to determine the factors affecting the tariff-actual cost gap using SPSS.21. Results: The average actual cost of GPSs was 503 USD while the average tariff was 361 USD, indicating a significant negative gap between the approved tariffs and the actual cost of GPSs. In fact, for each procedure, the hospital suffered an average of 142 USD losses. In 54 of 63 GSPs, the average actual cost was 0.3% to 307.4% higher than the tariff. The highest negative gap was related to the “femoral fracture fixation" with -307.4%. The gap was higher in older patients, females, and patients with a longer stay, orthopedic specialty, and full-time surgeons (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that tariffs covered only 71.8% of actual costs. It is suggested that in the tariff setting of GSPs, factors such as inflation rate, patient's age, comorbidity, disease severity, and hospital function (teaching or referral center) be considered. In addition, hospital management can also reduce the gap by modifying processes and managing resource consumption, especially medicines and consumables items.
Food Potential and Antioxidant Property of Cassia auriculata Seed: A Nutritionally Unexploited Legume
Authors: Khyade Mahendra , Kamble Suresh , Waman Mohan , Padwal Anup , Gunjal Mahesh 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Seeds of Cassia auriculata are reported to be used for varying medicinal
purposes; however, information on nutritive value and physical properties of seeds remains unexplored.
Hence, this study is carried out to investigate the proximate, minerals, fatty acid profile, functional
properties, phenolic profiling as well as antioxidant activities of seed in order to give adequate
information on its suitability as a possible future food source.

Methods:
The proximate compositions were evaluated by AOAC, and other standard prescribed
methods. Minerals and fatty acids compositions were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
and UV-visible spectrophotometers, while anti-nutrient determinations were carried out
using standard procedures. Antioxidant activity and phenolic profiles were also analyzed using UVvisible
spectrophotometers and HPLC.

Results:
The results obtained from proximate analysis were: moisture content (9.74%), ash content
(4.95%), protein (23.83%), lipid (6.68%), crude fiber (8.93%), total soluble sugars (53.4%) and energy
value (412.6 Kcal/100g). The mineral analysis showed that nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus
were the predominant elements present in the seeds. Calcium, zinc, sodium, magnesium, copper, and
iron were also detected in appreciable amounts. The analyzed anti-nutritional factors were oxalate
(1.38 μg/mg), phytate (0.12 μ g/mg), tannin (3.02 μg/mg), phenol (1.11 μg/mg) and saponins
(0.0037%). In the seeds oils, palmitic acid (14.01%) was prominent saturated fatty acid followed by
stearic acid (5.12%) and arachidic acid (2.17%), while oleic acid (21.31%) and linoleic acid
(51.52%) constituted the dominant unsaturated fatty acids. The physicochemical and functional properties
revealed that the seeds flour had excellent water absorption index, swelling index, foaming capacity
and foam stability. In addition to that, the flour extracts revealed the dose-dependent antioxidant
properties of tested extracts of the seed flour. Moreover, the HPLC analysis unveiled four phenolic
compounds namely, benzoic acid (0.72 μg/mg), cinnamic acid (0.71 μg/mg), salicylic acid
(0.65 μg/mg) and vanillic acid (0.61 μg/mg).

Conclusion:
The results of the present study revealed that Cassia auriculata seed flour is a good
source of important nutrients such as fat, protein, fibre and minerals along with edible phenolics. So
the seeds would be a valuable source of dietary supplements especially for growing population and
could be used for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes.
IoT Based Comprehensive Autonomous Home Automation and Security System Using M2M Communication
Authors: Ejigu Mesele W. , Santhosh Jayagopalan 
Published: February 2020

Background:
In the era of Internet of Things (IoT), automation of home and security systems
is becoming remarkably easy. Many research works have also been conducted to bring the
most convenient way of automating home appliances and security systems. But little research has
been carried out in providing the most comprehensive or autonomous or self-controlled home automation.
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive solution to mitigate the existing need. End users
can interact with household appliances in a variety of means irrespective of platforms used and
their geographical location through a smartphone application. Using their speech as input, users can
also operate the electrical appliances via voice commands. In addition to the mobile application and
voice command by integrating some cloud services, an attractive web interface could be provided as
another alternative for better data presentation and analysis. The autonomous feature would allow
the home to monitor and control its environment by itself through installed sensors, sharing data and
taking a relevant measurement without a need for human intervention.

Method:
In order to achieve those performances the work will deploy an MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) messaging protocol to enable the modules easily communicates one another.

Results:
Multiple alternative means of controlling and interacting with home appliances was provided. Both autonomous mode and safe mode features would make the system to behave and run autonomously.

Conclusion:
The paper also embraces the presentation for an application of multiway, cross-platform and user oriented home automation and security system as well as convenient means of controlling and monitoring household electrical appliances.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) BERBANTU FUN ACCOUNTING BERBASIS LECTORA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOMPETENSI JURNAL PENYESUAIAN SISWA KELAS X AKL 2 SMK NEGERI 7 YOGYAKARTA TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Apriliani Umianisah , Rahmawati Diana 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kompetensi Jurnal Penyesuaian Siswa Kelas X AKL 2 SMK Negeri 7 Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 dengan Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) berbantu Fun Accounting berbasis Lectora. Media pembelajaran ini dikembangkan oleh Kartika Bunga pada tahun 2018.Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X AKL 2 SMK Negeri 7 Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 yang berjumal 32 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi, tes dan catatan lapangan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dokumen, lembar tes dan catatan lapangan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata Hasil Belajar Kompetensi Jurnal Penyesuaian pada pre test siklus I sebesar 33,57 meningkat menjadi sebesar 72,68 pada post test atau meningkat sebesar 39,11. Peningkatan ketuntasan Hasil Belajar Kompetensi Jurnal Penyesuaian pre test siklus I sebesar 6,45% meningkat menjadi 64,52% pada post test atau meningkat sebesar 58,07%. Pada siklus II, nilai rata-rata Hasil Belajar Kompetensi Jurnal Penyesuaian pada pre test sebesar 35,80 meningkat menjadi sebesar 80,09 pada post test atau meningkat sebesar 44,30. Pada siklus II, ketuntasan Hasil Belajar Kompetensi Jurnal Penyesuaian pada pre test 0,00% meningkat menjadi 78,13% pada post test atau meningkat sebesar 78,13%. Berdasarkan peningkatan nilai rata-rata dan peningkatan ketuntasan Hasil Belajar Kompentensi Jurnal Penyesuaian dari siklus I ke siklus II, maka hipotesis tindakan yang berbunyi “Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Berbantu Fun Accounting Berbasis Lectora dapat Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kompetensi Jurnal Penyesuaian Siswa Kelas X AKL 2 SMK Negeri 7 Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019” dinyatakan diterima. Kata kunci: Hasil Belajar Kompetensi Jurnal Penyesuaian, Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Games Tournament (TGT) Berbantu Fun Accounting Berbasis Lectora
EFFECTIVENESS OF THINK PAIR SHARE AND SPONTANEOUS GROUP DISCUSSION TOWARDS PROBLEM SOLVING SKILL STUDENT OF X ACCOUNTING GRADERS SMK NEGERI 1 WONOSARI
Authors: Rahayu Puji , Widayati Ani 
Published: February 2020

This research is aimed to know: 1) the differences of problem solving skills in students’ learning with Think Pair Share and Spontaneous Group Discussion; 2) the effectiveness of the implementation of Think Pair Share and Spontaneous Group Discussion. This research is a quasi-experimental research involving 32 students of X AK1 and X AK3. Data collection technique was a tests. Data analysis techniques for testing the result of this research were normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test with t-test. The results of this study show that: 1) There are no differences in problem solving skill between students with Think Pair Share and student with Spontaneous Group Discussion student of X Accounting graders SMK Negeri 1 Wonosari. It proved by post-test on hypothesis test with the signification in the result of independent sample t-test is greater than α = 0.05 (0,475 0,05) and t count t table (0,719 2,000). 2)There are no differences in effectiveness between students with Think Pair and student with Spontaneous Group Discussion student of X Accounting graders SMK Negeri 1 Wonosari. It proved by independent samples t-test for gain score is greater than α = 0.05 (0.786 0.05) and t count t table (0,272 2,000). Keywords: Introduction to Accounting learning, TPS, SGD, Problem Solving Skill
ABSTRACT REAL NUMBERS
Authors: Darmawijaya Soeparna 
Published: February 2020

In this paper we represent a result of our study in field of analysis , that is, an abstraction of the system of real numbers. We start by defining a set of positive elements in a countable infinite (denumerable) field and, hence, we obtain a linearly ordered field which we call a field of rational elements or a rational field. After that we may introduce irrationals elements in our rational field. And, at last we have a system of real abstract numbers.
Obtaining construction materials based on the dolomite lime of accelerated forced-carbonization hardening
Authors: Bakhtina Tamara А. , Lyubomirskiy Nikolay V. , Bakhtin Aleksandr S. , Nikolaenko Vitaliy V. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction. To solve the problem of increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leading to global environmental problems, searches of ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions are conducted in the field of construction material production. lower burning temperature, lower carbon dioxide emissions, and further binding of the exuding carbon dioxide to insoluble compounds, which determine the obtainment of a dolomite lime-based material with high mechanical properties are characteristic of dolomite lime.
Materials and methods. Dolomite rock with a fraction of 5 mm to 10 mm was burned in a laboratory chamber furnace, while the calcined product was ground to pass through a 1.25 mm mesh sieve and tempered with water. The dolomite lime obtained after hydration was pressed into cylinder samples with a diameter and a height of 30 mm. The samples were subjected to forced carbonization in a particular chamber at a certain carbon dioxide concentration and for a certain chamber holding time.
Results. The physicomechanical characteristics of the experimental carbonized samples were determined (compressive strength of 2 to 36 MPa with an average density of 1500 to 1800 kg/m3). The samples got hard under conditions of an increased carbon dioxide concentration. The results obtained under laboratory conditions were tested under industrial conditions at a functioning enterprise by pressing a single brick batch, its subsequent carbonate hardening in a pilot industrial chamber for forced carbonization, and determination of the main standardized properties.
Conclusions. The low-burned carbonate-hardened dolomite lime allows reducing carbon dioxide emission during production by means of lowering the burning temperature with the subsequent use of the exuding carbon dioxide for the implementation of carbonate hardening of dolomite lime-based products.
What Counts as Police Violence? A Case Study of Data in the CATO Institute’s Police Misconduct Reporting Project
Authors: Feigenbaum Anna , Weissmann Dan G.B. 
Published: February 2020

Background This article presents a case study about the role of data in the CATO Institute’s Police Misconduct Reporting Project and reflects on what constitutes police violence. Analysis Augmenting this data aggregation work, the article turns to additional data projects focused on recording police crime and misconduct to gather a broader understanding of incidents of police violence beyond acts that cause death. Conclusion and implications It is only when we look at data on acts of violence that occur when an officer is on duty and off-duty, with or without a firearm, that a clearer sense of the traumatic cycle of policing can be understood. This way of looking at police data requires both broader practices of “copwatching,” as well as a broader definition of what counts as violence.
In vivo antiplasmodial potential of Carrageenan and Prosopis africana buccal films of artemether on malariogenic mice
Authors: Nnamani Petra , Nnadi Ogechukwu , Ibezim Emmanuel , Ayogu Ebere , Reginald-Opara Joy , Onoja Simon , Odo Amelia , Ugwu Agatha , Ogbonna Chidi , Attama Anthony 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To deliver bioadhesive buccal films of artemether (ART) with ability to adhere, hydrate and release drug across the buccal membrane. Methods: Buccal films prepared by film casting using carrageenan (CAR) and Prosopis africana (PRO) were characterized by size, zeta potential, texture, water content, morphology, thermal and interaction studies, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity in mice. Results: Films were stable with sizes (2442 and 835 nm), water content (21 and 15 %), bioadhesivity (24 and 9.4 %) and film thickness (0.18 and 0.28 mm) for CARART and PROART respectively. Enthalpy of CARART, PROART and ART were 76, 22 and 88 J/g where as parasitaemia reduction of 67 and 76 % were observed for CARART and PROART respectively. Conclusion: Though CARART had better water content and bioadhesivity necessary for film hydration at buccal membrane, PROART eventually had superior buccal performance perhaps due to its film thickness and amorphous nanoparticle subdivision.
Key words: Artemether; Carrageenan; Prosopis africana; Sublingual buccal films; Malaria
Therapeutic Considerations for Docetaxel and Paclitaxel in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Harshini Doranala , Pasula Sreenivas , Vaishnavi Vesangi Keerthi , Tekula Shiva Sai , Rajendar M. , Srinivas Rao A. , Kishore Babu A.V. 
Published: February 2020

Breast cancer is the main source of death among women. Currently, 77% of women diagnosed with breast cancer are age 50 and older; however, it is projected that approximately 66% of the new cases diagnosed will occur in women younger than 65. Several clinical trials have assessed the wellbeing and adequacy of taxanes along with their tolerability in patients with metastatic cancer (MBC) The overview of these Paclitaxel and Docetaxel, the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, dose and administration, adverse effects, clinical potency, and sufferable profiles combination therapies, the pathological complete response of these taxanes are included. The different novel formulations of taxanes are formulated from nanoparticles, polyglutamate, liposomes to improve the wellbeing and adequacy taxanes to reduce their toxicities. Single-agent research located with docetaxel and paclitaxel in metastatic breast most cancers show clinically huge antitumor motion even in the advanced stage, heavily pretreated, safe, as properly as in refractory diseases. This action is likewise clear with taxane-based combination regimens. Serious hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities are incompatible, with different toxicities noted dependent on the portion and weekly regimen selected. Weekly docetaxel and paclitaxel regimens speak to important helpful treatment options for women suffering from metastatic breast cancer and have entered assessment as a major aspect of adjuvant treatment for this disease Toxicity associated with taxanes chemotherapy are based totally on the dose schedules and weekly regimen selected and the most frequent toxicities related with these marketers include myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia, etc Docetaxel retains in tumor cells for longer duration when compared to paclitaxel because of its slow efflux and large amounts of uptake into the cell which explains its more benefits when compared to paclitaxel. Clinical studies conducted so far suggested a more benefit to risk ratio for docetaxel when compared to paclitaxel. This article reviews mainly different actions exhibited by taxanes in the therapy of metastatic breast cancer and others on stages of cancer along with the toxicities associated with these agents.
Optimization of the Yield Extraction of Essential Thyme Oil through Response Surface Method (RSM)
Authors: Ayati Fadila , Touzoirt Saida , Aomari Lila , Sehaki Chabha 
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study is the optimization of the extraction yield of essential Thyme capitatus oil using hydrodistillation Clevenger in order to industrialize the scale and increase the extrapolation possibility. The optimal conditions are determined using central composite designs (CCD). Nine runs were performed by varying the extraction time and the plant material form (i.e. ground and unground). The ratio of the mass/volume was considered constant during the experiments. The optimum yield was obtained for unground form with 1.6078% during one hour of extraction. The results of the extracted oil showed that the relative density values and the refractive index comply with international standards
Keywords: hydrodistillation Clevenger, essential oil, Thymus capitatus, optimization, experimental design.
Physiological Perspectives of Ashti Dhatu and Role of Basti Chikitsa towards the Health Restoration of Ashti Dhatu
Authors: Bankar Rahul Sukhdev 
Published: February 2020

Asthi is one of the important Dhatu amongst the many other Dhatus of body which mainly involve in Sharira dharana function, it provide shape and physical built up of body and protect internal organs from external shock. The equilibrium of Asthi dhatus helps to restore normal health status while disturbed functioning of Asthi dhatus leads pathological states. The disturbance in Asthi dhatus may be Vriddhi or Kshaya that further leads many other bone disorders. The ayurveda described various approaches to restore physiological health of Asthi dhatus and Basti chikitsa is one of them. Considering thus present article summarizes physiological aspects of Asthi dhatus and role of Basti chikitsa towards the management of pathological disturbances related to the Asthi dhatus.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Asthi dhatus, Basti chikitsa, Physiology
Role of Dietotherapy in Lifestyle disorders: An overview
Authors: Zehra Amreen , Mannan Abdul , Naseer Mursaleen , Zafar Maryam , Farooqui Yasra 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study to evaluate the role of dietotherapy in lifestyle disorders.
Background: The incidence of lifestyle disorders like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity associated with cardiovascular diseases is high on the rise. Cardiovascular disorders continue to be the major cause of mortality, representing about 30% of all death worlds wide. In the Unani System of Medicine (USM) of lifestyle, the disorder is the diseases that arise from the imbalance in asbabe- sitta-zarooriya over a long period.
The management of the diseases in USM is largely based on the holistic approach. Four modes of treatment are employed, such as regimental therapy, dietotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. The dietotherapy is one of the most important non-medical therapy in which treatment is done through modulation in dietary habit which is necessary for the prevention and control of diseases. The principle aim of dietotherapy is to maintain nutritional needs according to the demand of the body and avoid drugs as it is not considered to be part of the body and produce adverse reactions.
Conclusion: The rationale for dietotherapy is that lifestyle disorder brought about by a faulty diet can be reversed or reduced by changes to this diet. Dietotherapy involves recommending a specific diet which is the simplest and most natural course of treatment by USM.
Keywords: Lifestyle disorders, dietotherapy, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, unani system of medicine (USM)
The Essential oil of Eucalyptus alba L. Growing on the Salt Zone of Fatick (Senegal) as a Source of 1,8Cineole and Their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Tine Yoro , Diallo Alioune , Diop Abdoulaye , Costa Jean , Boye Cheikh Saad Bouh , Wélé Alassane , Paolini Julien 
Published: February 2020

Members of the genus Eucalyptus are potential sources of number of commercial essential oils and aromachemicals. In present study, the essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Eucalyptus alba were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Essential oil yields ranged from 2.41 to 4.35%. In total 18 constituents were identified, accounting for 99.0 to 99.7% of the total compositions. 1,8-cineole was present in all samples as the major component (76.5-88.1%). In addition to this compound, others that were found including limonene (3.8–8.6%), α-terpineol (1.4–2.8%), globulol (1.3–6.3%) and α-pinene (1.5–1.8%). The essential oil showed a strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 29213 which is translated by an MIC of 1.25 mg/mL and good activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 (6.25 mg/mL) and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (6.25 mg/mL). To our knowledge, our study is the first report of E. alba essential oils characterized by a high 1,8-cineole content (>76.5%). They may have potential applications in food and pharmaceutical products.
Keywords: Eucalyptus alba, essential oils, antibacterial activity, 1,8-cineole and GC-SM