bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A noncooperative model of contest network formation
Authors: Huremović Kenan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study a model of weighted network formation. The bilateral interaction is modeled as a Tullock contest game with the possibility of a draw. We describe stable networks under different concepts of stability. We show that a Nash stable network is either the empty network or the complete network. The complete network is not immune to bilateral deviations. When we allow for limited farsightedness, a stable network immune to bilateral deviations must be a complete ‐partite network, with partitions of different sizes. We provide several comparative statics results illustrating the importance of the structure of stable networks in mediating the effects of shocks and interventions. In particular, we show that an increase in the likelihood of a draw has a nonmonotonic effect on the level of wasteful contest spending in the society. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to model weighted network formation when the actions of individuals are neither strategic complements nor strategic substitutes.
Codeine induces increased resistance at the esophagogastric junction but has no effect on motility and bolus flow in the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter in healthy volunteers: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial
Authors: Geeraerts Annelies , Geysen Hannelore , Ballet Lisa , Hofmans Claudia , Clevers Egbert , Omari Taher , Manolakis Anastassios C. , Mols Raf , Augustijns Patrick , Vanuytsel Tim , Rommel Nathalie , Tack Jan , Pauwels Ans 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic opioid use can induce esophageal dysfunction with symptoms resembling achalasia and a manometric pattern of esophagogastric junction—outflow obstruction (EGJ‐OO). However, the effect of opioids in acute setting on pharyngeal function and esophageal body contractility has not been investigated.MethodsAfter positioning the high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) catheter, codeine (60 mg) or placebo (glucose syrup) was infused intragastrically. Forty‐five minutes post‐infusion, participants received liquid, semi‐solid, and solid boluses to assess esophageal and pharyngeal function. HRiM analysis was performed adhering to the Chicago classification v3.0. (CC v3.0). Pressure flow analysis (PFA) for the esophageal body and the pharynx was performed using the SwallowGateway™ online platform.Key ResultsNineteen healthy volunteers (HV) [5 male; age 38.3] were included. After codeine administration, higher integrated relaxation pressure 4 s values resulted in significantly reduced deglutitive EGJ relaxation and distal latency was significantly shorter. Distal contractility was similar in both conditions. Bolus flow resistance at the EGJ and distention pressures increased significantly after codeine infusion. Based on CC v3.0, acute infusion of codeine induced EGJ‐OO in six HV (p = 0.0003 vs. placebo). Codeine administration induced no significant alterations in any of the pharyngeal PFA metrics.Conclusions & InferencesIn HV, acute administration of codeine increased bolus resistance at the EGJ secondary to induced incomplete EGJ relaxation leading to major motility disorders in a subset of subjects including EGJ‐OO. However, an acute single dose of codeine did not affect motility or bolus flow in pharynx and UES. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03784105.
Severe gastroparesis is associated with an increased incidence of slow‐transit constipation as measured by wireless motility capsule
Authors: Radetic Mark , Kamal Afrin , Rouphael Carol , Kou Lei , Lyu Ruishen , Cline Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDysmotility in one region of the gastrointestinal tract has been found to predispose patients to developing motility disorders in other gastrointestinal segments. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between gastroparesis and constipation.MethodsRetrospective review of 224 patients who completed 4‐hour, solid‐phase gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES), and wireless motility capsule (WMC) testing to evaluate for gastroparesis and slow‐transit constipation, respectively. When available, anorectal manometry data were reviewed to evaluate for dyssynergic defecation. Patients were divided into two groups based on the results of the GES: 101 patients with normal gastric emptying and 123 patients with gastroparesis (stratified by severity). Differences in constipation rates were compared between the groups.Key resultsSlow‐transit constipation was more common in the gastroparesis group, but statistical significance was not reached (42.3% vs 34.7%, p = 0.304). Univariate logistical regression analysis found no association between slow‐transit constipation and gastroparesis (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.80‐2.38, p = 0.245) nor dyssynergic defecation and gastroparesis (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.29‐2.70, p = 0.822). However, when stratifying gastroparesis based on severity, slow‐transit constipation was found to be associated with severe gastroparesis (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.20‐5.00, p = 0.014). This association was strengthened with the exclusion of patients with diabetes mellitus (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.39‐8.83, p = 0.008) ‐ a potential confounder.Conclusions & InferencesPatients with severe gastroparesis (>35% gastric retention at the 4‐hour mark on solid‐phase GES) have an increased likelihood of having underlying slow‐transit constipation. Dyssynergic defecation does not appear to be associated with gastroparesis (of any severity).
Critical issues concerning biocreative strategy in contemporary temporary skeletal anchorage device orthodontics: A narrative review
Authors: Park Ki‐Ho , Choi Jin‐Young , Kim Kyung A , Kim Su‐Jung , Chung Kyu‐Rhim , Kim Seong‐Hun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiocreative Orthodontic Strategy (BOS) is designed to establish a physiologically stable occlusion in harmony with masticatory and TMJ function and healthy supporting tissues with strategic use of temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs). This narrative review surveys current research that demonstrates how BOS with TSADs uses a target approach to overcome the limitations experienced with conventional orthodontic treatment. A narrative review article including research on TSADs orthodontics in the permanent dentition. This review is a brief survey of five BOS principles for contemporary TSAD orthodontics: elegant selection of TSADs, bracket prescription to enhance TSAD orthodontics, antero‐posterior dimension control, transverse dimension control and airway control issues. Severe malocclusion and craniofacial dysmorphology can be treated with Biocreative Orthodontic Strategy with a minimum number of TSADs. In order to achieve successful treatment outcome using TSADs, it is critical to understand the key diagnosis and treatment principles of BOS and how to develop a target approach for the tooth and bone movement.
Acute urticaria in the infant
Authors: Minasi Domenico , Manti Sara , Chiera Fernanda , Licari Amelia , Marseglia Gian Luigi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUrticaria is a mast cell‐driven disease presenting with wheals, angioedema, or both. Acute urticaria (AU) lasts < 6 weeks. AU is a not common condition in newborns and infants since they are showing an immune system functionally insufficient. In newborns and infants, AU is typically generalized and featured by large, annular, or geographic plaques, often slightly raised. The clinical features of the disease depend on the peculiar structure of neonatal and infant skin. A careful morphological examination of the lesions is essential to differentiate AU from other skin eruptions that may have overlapping features and to treat it adequately. The second‐generation antihistamines are the first‐line treatment of AU; however, only antihistamines with proven efficacy and safety should be used in newborns and infants. Corticosteroids may be added in severe cases.
Is oxidative stress involved in vernal keratoconjunctivitis? Results from a pilot study in children
Authors: Zicari Anna Maria , Brindisi Giulia , De Castro Giovanna , Lollobrigida Valeria , Nebbioso Marcella , Duse Marzia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundVernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a rare chronic conjunctivitis characterized by a predominantly eosinophil‐mediated inflammatory disorder that could develop critical complications such as blindness. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several allergic diseases. The role of oxidative stress has been hypothesized in VKC, but no study explored this issue. Furthermore, cyclosporine A (CsA) exerts an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant action on the conjunctiva.This study aimed to assess the oxidative stress in VKC patients and controls and to study the effect of CsA on oxidative stress in these subjects.MethodsThirty‐six consecutive children, including 12 VKC (nine males, 75%; mean age 10.17; SD ± 2.48) patients without treatment, 12 VKC patients treated with CsA (nine males, 75%; mean age 9.08; SD ± 2.75), and 12 controls (CT) (seven males, 58%; mean age 8.58; SD ± 1.78), were recruited. A cross‐sectional study was performed to compare H2O2 in the serum with that in the tears of these children.ResultsCompared with CT and VKC children treated with CsA, VKC untreated children had significantly higher values of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the serum and the tears. No significant differences were observed between CT and VKC treated with CsA. A significant correlation was found at the linear regression analysis between serum and tear H2O2 levels.ConclusionThis study provides the first report attesting that patients with VKC have high oxidative stress; furthermore, it suggests that CsA could have an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant action that could be useful to prevent the poor VKC outcome.
Insights into amphicarpy from the compact genome of the legume Amphicarpaea edgeworthii
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Zhang Xuejie , Han Kai , Li Rongchong , Xu Guoxin , Han Yan , Cui Feng , Fan Shoujin , Seim Inge , Fan Guangyi , Li Guowei , Wan Shubo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmphicarpy (seed heteromorphy) is a unique and fascinating reproductive strategy wherein a single plant produces both aerial and subterranean fruits. This strategy is believed to be an adaptation to life under stressful or uncertain environments. Here, we sequenced and de novo assembled a chromosome‐level genome assembly of the legume Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth. The 299‐Mb A. edgeworthii genome encodes 27 899 protein‐coding genes and is the most compact sequenced legume genome reported until date. Its reduced genome size may be attributed to the reduced long‐terminal repeat retrotransposon content, which stems from the unequal homologous recombination. Gene families related to immunity and stress resistance have been contracted in A. edgeworthii, which is consistent with the notion that the amphicarpic reproductive strategy may be a complementary mechanism for its weak environmental‐adaptation ability. We demonstrated the ‘ABCE’ model for the differentiation of chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. In addition, the characteristics of aerial and subterranean seeds in hard‐seededness were explored. Thus, we suggest that the A. edgeworthii genome, which is the first of an amphicarpic plant, offers significant insights into its unusual reproductive strategy that is a key resource towards comprehending the evolution of angiosperms.
Association between attachment insecurity and couple adjustment: Moderation by couple memory networks
Authors: Lejeune Alexandre , Bouizegarene Nabil , Philippe Frederick L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigated whether couple‐related memories and their organization in memory networks could act as cognitive resources to protect against the negative impact of insecure attachment on couple adjustment. In two studies (n1 = 153, n2 = 567), participants in a romantic relationship described a significant couple‐related memory and provided networked memories associated with their couple‐related memory, to assess its organization in the memory system, and rated each memory for its level of need satisfaction. Findings across the two studies revealed significant moderations of need satisfaction in couple‐related memory networks, such that a higher level of satisfaction need within couple‐related memory networks was associated with a reduced negative association of attachment anxiety and avoidance with couple adjustment. When examined separately, it was shown that need‐satisfying networked memories, but not main couple‐related memories, moderated the negative association of insecure attachment with couple adjustment.
Preoperative successful thrombectomy and thrombolysis of acute extensive splanchnic venous system and TIPSS thrombosis in a child with Budd‐Chiari syndrome—Creating a window to enable living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Sonavane Amey , Raut Vikram , Marar Shaji , Sawant Ambreen , Shah Ketul , Raj Amruth , Thorat Ashok , Chaksota Harshit , Bagde Abhijit , Verma Rahul , Dharmapalan Dhanya , Vasanth Suresh , Nagral Aabha , Mirza Darius , Yewale Vijay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPreoperative extensive PV thrombosis can pose a technical challenge during liver transplantation surgery. Several strategies adopted to mitigate this problem include creation of a superior mesenteric vein—PV jump graft, use of a polytetrafluoroethylene graft, renoportal anastomosis, or cavoportal hemitransposition. Extensive and diffuse thrombosis of the splanchnic venous system may even necessitate multivisceral transplantation. We describe the case of a pediatric patient with Budd‐Chiari syndrome and decompensated cirrhosis, who developed extensive thrombosis of the porto‐spleno‐mesenteric venous system prior to liver transplantation. We used a combination technique of thrombus aspiration by a novel trans‐TIPPS approach followed by thrombolysis. Complete preoperative resolution of the extensive thrombosis was achieved. This allowed the creation of a brief window to enable planned LDLT. In prudently selected patients, performing an early mechanical and chemical thrombolysis of an extensive acute splanchnic venous thrombosis can thus help expedite a planned LDLT.
The gene NtMYC2a acts as a ‘master switch’ in the regulation of JA‐induced nicotine accumulation in tobacco
Authors: Sui X. , He X. , Song Z. , Gao Y. , Zhao L. , Jiao F. , Kong G. , Li Y. , Han S. , Wang B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The biosynthesis and transport of nicotine has been shown to be coordinately upregulated by jasmonate (JA). MYC2, a member of basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor family, is well‐documented as the core player in the JA signalling pathway to regulate diverse plant development processes. Four MYC2 genes were found in the tobacco genome, NtMYC2a/2b and 1a/1b. In this study, we tested whether one of them, NtMYC2a, acts as a ‘master switch’ in the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and transport in tobacco.

We generated NtMYC2a knockout tobacco plants using the CRISPR‐Cas9 technique and analysed the effect of NtMYC2a knockout on expression of the nicotine biosynthesis genes (NtAO, NtQS, NtPMT1a, NtQPT2, NtODC2, NtMPO1, NtA622 and NtBBLa) and transport genes (NtMATE2 and NtJAT1), as well as leaf accumulation of nicotine in the NtMYC2a knockout plants.

We found that all the nicotine biosynthesis and transport genes tested in this study were significantly downregulated (>50% reduction compared with wild‐type control) in the NtMYC2a knockout plants. Moreover, the leaf nicotine content in knockout plants was dramatically reduced by ca 80% compared with the wild‐type control.

These results clearly show that NtMYC2a acts as a ‘master switch’ to coordinate JA‐induced nicotine accumulation in tobacco and suggests that NtMYC2a might play an important role in tobacco nicotine‐mediated defence against herbivory.
M-Quantile Regression for Multivariate Longitudinal Data with an Application to the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Alfò Marco , Marino Maria Francesca , Ranalli Maria Giovanna , Salvati Nicola , Tzavidis Nikos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMotivated by the analysis of data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study on emotional and behavioural disorders, we develop an M-quantile regression model for multivariate longitudinal responses. M-quantile regression is an appealing alternative to standard regression models; it combines features of quantile and expectile regression and it may produce a detailed picture of the conditional response variable distribution, while ensuring robustness to outlying data. As we deal with multivariate data, we need to specify what it is meant by M-quantile in this context, and how the structure of dependence between univariate profiles may be accounted for. Here, we consider univariate (conditional) M-quantile regression models with outcome-specific random effects for each outcome. Dependence between outcomes is introduced by assuming that the random effects in the univariate models are dependent. The multivariate distribution of the random effects is left unspecified and estimated from the observed data. Adopting this approach, we are able to model dependence both within and between outcomes. We further discuss a suitable model parameterisation to account for potential endogeneity of the observed covariates. An extended EM algorithm is defined to derive estimates under a maximum likelihood approach.
Protein phosphorylation regulates maize endosperm starch synthase IIa activity and protein−protein interactions
Authors: Mehrpouyan Sahar , Menon Usha , Tetlow Ian J. , Emes Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYStarch synthesis is an elaborate process employing several isoforms of starch synthases (SSs), starch branching enzymes (SBEs) and debranching enzymes (DBEs). In cereals, some starch biosynthetic enzymes can form heteromeric complexes whose assembly is controlled by protein phosphorylation. Previous studies suggested that SSIIa forms a trimeric complex with SBEIIb, SSI, in which SBEIIb is phosphorylated. This study investigates the post‐translational modification of SSIIa, and its interactions with SSI and SBEIIb in maize amyloplast stroma. SSIIa, immunopurified and shown to be free from other soluble starch synthases, was shown to be readily phosphorylated, affecting Vmax but with minor effects on substrate Kd and Km values, resulting in a 12‐fold increase in activity compared with the dephosphorylated enzyme. This ATP‐dependent stimulation of activity was associated with interaction with SBEIIb, suggesting that the availability of glucan branching limits SSIIa and is enhanced by physical interaction of the two enzymes. Immunoblotting of maize amyloplast extracts following non‐denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified multiple bands of SSIIa, the electrophoretic mobilities of which were markedly altered by conditions that affected protein phosphorylation, including protein kinase inhibitors. Separation of heteromeric enzyme complexes by GPC, following alteration of protein phosphorylation states, indicated that such complexes are stable and may partition into larger and smaller complexes. The results suggest a dual role for protein phosphorylation in promoting association and dissociation of SSIIa‐containing heteromeric enzyme complexes in the maize amyloplast stroma, providing new insights into the regulation of starch biosynthesis in plants.
Revisiting Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): Rapid radiation causes homoplasy and phylogenetic instability
Authors: Çıplak Battal , Yahyaoğlu Özgül , Uluar Onur 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aims to rectify the taxonomy of Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Tettigoniinae) using a phylogenetic approach. To this end, DNA sequences of three mitochondrial and two nuclear genes were produced and analysed. Reconstructed phylogenetic trees were consistent with the limits of the tribe and internal generic clades. However, the relationship among genera could not be resolved. Based on these trees and previous publications, we draw the following conclusions. Pholidopterini is monophyletic and consists of nine internal clades corresponding to generic level taxa. Pholidoptera, Eupholidoptera, Parapholidoptera, Apholidoptera, Uvarovistia and Exopholidoptera were previously given in the tribe, and Psorodonotus is transferred from Platycleidini. Aparapholidoptera Çıplak gen. n. and Spinopholidoptera Çıplak gen.n. are two new genera in the tribe. Additionally, the macro‐evolutionary pattern of the tribe was evaluated by correlating the tempo of radiation and the homology/homoplasy status of morphological characters used in generic descriptions/diagnoses. Results indicated that rapid radiation periods prior to achievement of lineage monophyly may leave their signature as instability or polytomy in present phylogenetic reconstruction, and cause the evolution of homoplasic characters and reticulate character sharing among the units in a lineage. This pattern may explain why genera in the Pholidopterini are definable by non‐unique character combinations.
Phylogeography of a widespread Palaearctic forest bird species: The White‐backed Woodpecker (Aves, Picidae)
Authors: Pons Jean‐Marc , Campión David , Chiozzi Giorgio , Ettwein Antonia , Grangé Jean‐Louis , Kajtoch Łukasz , Mazgajski Tomasz D. , Rakovic Marko , Winkler Hans , Fuchs Jérôme 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe use multilocus molecular data and species distribution modelling to investigate the phylogenetics and the phylogeography of the White‐backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos), a bird species widely distributed over the entire Palaearctic. Our phylogenetic results reveal three well‐supported clades within D. leucotos: the Chinese endemic subspecies (tangi, insularis), the northerly distributed subspecies (leucotos, uralensis) and the four poorly genetically differentiated Japanese subspecies (subcirris, stejnegeri, namiyei, owstoni), and the south‐western Palaearctic lilfordi subspecies. According to our results, the Amami Woodpecker, endemic to Amami Oshima Island (Ryukyu archipelago, Japan) sometimes treated as full species Dendrocopos owstoni, does not deserve a species‐level status. Based on the mitochondrial phylogeographic results, the Japanese archipelago was recently colonized only once by D. leucotos from eastern Eurasia. Our results suggest a split between the leucotos and lilfordi lineages that dates back to mid‐Pleistocene (around 0.6 Mya) with likely no gene flow between these two subspecies since then. Our results thus do not support a phylogeographic pattern in which Central Europe and Northern Europe were recolonized from one or several southern glacial refugia where lilfordi populations persisted through several Pleistocene glacial periods. Spatial variation in mitochondrial diversity across leucotos/uralensis populations and niche ecological modelling suggest a possible eastward population expansion from a unique glacial refugium likely located in Central Europe. Molecular species delimitation methods, gene flow analyses and differences in adult and juvenile plumage indicate that the lilfordi subspecies may warrant to be ranked as a valid phylogenetic species. Further studies are nevertheless needed in the Balkans, where leucotos and lilfordi came recently into contact to measure the effectiveness of reproductive barriers and gene flow.