bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal Free Amino‐Oxidation of Electron Rich Alkenes Mediated by an Oxoammonium Salt
Authors: Millimaci Alexandra M. , Meador Rowan I. L. , Dampf Sara J. , Chisholm John D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract4‐Acetamido‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐oxopiperidinium tetrafluoroborate (Bobbitt's salt) effectively activates electron rich alkenes and promotes the addition of anilines. This transformation provides a direct, transition metal free method for amino‐oxidation of alkenes under mild conditions. The relative stereochemistry of the amino‐oxidation is influenced by solvent effects, with both the syn and anti amino‐oxidation products being accessible from identical starting materials.
Is the relationship between corruption, government stability and non‐performing loans non‐linear? A threshold analysis for theMENAregion
Authors: Hakimi Abdelaziz , Boussaada Rim , Karmani Majdi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to check whether there is a threshold effect in the government stability, corruption and non‐performing loans (NPLs) relationship in the MENA region. To this end, we used a sample of MENA banks over the period 2004–2017. Empirical results of the panel smooth transition regression model indicate that there is a threshold effect in the government stability, corruption and NPLs relationship. More specifically, we have found that the impact of corruption and government stability on NPLs is negative and significant only if a certain threshold level has been attained; until then, the effect is insignificant.
I can see myself helping: The effect of self‐awareness on prosocial behaviour
Authors: Lewis Jerome Anthony , Himmelberger Zachary M. , Elmore J. Dean 
Published: December 2020

Many studies indicate that increasing self‐awareness leads to individuals reflecting on their values and ideals (Silvia & Duval, 2001). This self‐reflection appears to increase prosocial behaviour (Berkowitz, 1987). However, previously studies typically manipulated self‐awareness in situations in which the individual may have felt pressure from the researcher to help. Thus, experimenter pressure to behave prosocially confounds the self‐awareness explanation provided in past research. We used a novel experimental paradigm to manipulate self‐awareness and remove the researcher's presence to decrease the likelihood that the participant would conform to experimenter demand. Participants were 36 college students (Mage = 19.52; 25 women). The results indicated a strong probability that the experimental condition participants were more prosocial than control condition participants. These findings provide additional support for the hypothesis that self‐reflection increases prosocial behaviour, even without experimenter demands. These findings and the importance of studying objective self‐awareness in light of the coronavirus are discussed.
Vitreous substitutes: An overview of the properties, importance, and development
Authors: Yadav Indu , Purohit Shiv Dutt , Singh Hemant , Bhushan Sakchi , Yadav Manoj Kumar , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Chawla Rohan , Hazra Saugata , Mishra Narayan Chandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVitreous or vitreous humor is a complex transparent gel that fills the space between the lens and retina of an eye and acts as a transparent medium that allows light to pass through it to reach the photoreceptor layer (retina) of the eye. The vitreous humor is removed in ocular surgery (vitrectomy) for pathologies like retinal detachment, macular hole, diabetes‐related vitreous hemorrhage detachment, and ocular trauma. Since the vitreous is not actively regenerated or replenished, there is a need for a vitreous substitute to fill the vitreous cavity to provide a temporary or permanent tamponade to the retina following some vitreoretinal surgeries. An ideal vitreous substitute could probably be left inside the eye forever. The vitreous humor is transparent, biocompatible, viscoelastic and highly hydrophilic; polymeric hydrogels with these properties can be a potential candidate to be used as vitreous substitutes. To meet the tremendous demand for the vitreous substitute, many scientists all over the world have developed various kinds of vitreous substitutes or tamponade agent. Vitreous substitutes, whatsoever developed till date, are associated with several advantages and disadvantages, and there is no ideal vitreous substitute available till date. This review highlights the polymer‐based vitreous substitutes developed so far, along with their advantages and limitations. The gas‐based and oil‐based substitutes have also been discussed but very briefly.
Human Amniotic Membrane: A review on tissue engineering, application, and storage
Authors: Leal‐Marin Sara , Kern Thomas , Hofmann Nicola , Pogozhykh Olena , Framme Carsten , Börgel Martin , Figueiredo Constanca , Glasmacher Birgit , Gryshkov Oleksandr 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman amniotic membrane (hAM) has been employed as scaffolding material in a wide range of tissue engineering applications, especially as a skin dressing and as a graft for corneal treatment, due to the structure of the extracellular matrix and excellent biological properties that enhance both wound healing and tissue regeneration. This review highlights recent work and current knowledge on the application of native hAM, and/or production of hAM‐based tissue‐engineered products to create scaffolds mimicking the structure of the native membrane to enhance the hAM performance. Moreover, an overview is presented on the available (cryo) preservation techniques for storage of native hAM and tissue‐engineered products that are necessary to maintain biological functions such as angiogenesis, anti‐inflammation, antifibrotic and antibacterial activity.
Fgf9 Negatively Regulates Bone Mass by Inhibiting Osteogenesis and Promoting Osteoclastogenesis Via MAPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling
Authors: Tang Lingyun , Wu Min , Lu Shunyuan , Zhang Hongxin , Shen Yan , Shen Chunling , Liang Hui , Ge Haoyang , Ding Xiaoyi , Wang Zhugang 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTFibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) is a well-known factor that regulates bone development; however, its function in bone homeostasis is still unknown. Previously, we identified a point mutation in the FGF9 gene (p.Ser99Asn, S99N) and generated an isogeneic knock-in mouse model, which revealed that this loss-of-function mutation impaired early joint formation and was responsible for human multiple synostosis syndrome 3 (SYNS3). Moreover, newborn and adult S99N mutant mice exhibited significantly increased bone mass, suggesting that Fgf9 also participated in bone homeostasis. Histomorphology, tomography, and serological analysis of homozygous newborns and heterozygous adults showed that the Fgf9S99N mutation immensely increased bone mass and bone formation in perinatal and adult bones and decreased osteoclastogenesis in adult bone. An in vitro differentiation assay further revealed that the S99N mutation enhanced bone formation by promoting osteogenesis and mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and attenuating osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow monocytes (BMMs). Considering the loss-of-function effect of the S99N mutation, we hypothesized that Fgf9 itself inhibits osteogenesis and promotes osteoclastogenesis. An in vitro differentiation assay revealed that Fgf9 prominently inhibited BMSC osteogenic differentiation and mineralization and showed for the first time that Fgf9 promoted osteoclastogenesis by enhancing preosteoclast aggregation and cell–cell fusion. Furthermore, specific inhibitors and in vitro differentiation assays were used and showed that Fgf9 inhibited BMSC osteogenesis mainly via the MEK/ERK pathway and partially via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Fgf9 also promoted osteoclastogenesis as a potential costimulatory factor with macrophage colony-stimating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) by coactivating the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Taken together, our study demonstrated that Fgf9 is a negative regulator of bone homeostasis by regulating osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and provides a potential therapeutic target for bone degenerative diseases. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Fragmentation of natural orbital occupation numbers‐based diagnostic of differential multireference character in complexes with hydrogen bonds
Authors: Šulka Martin , Dubecký Matúš 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe explore the possible route to approximate natural orbital occupation numbers‐based diagnostic of differential multireference character of noncovalent energy differences by techniques based on many‐body expansion. It turns out that two‐body fragmentation of monomers may lead to a reasonable approximation of such a diagnostic in hydrogen‐bonded complexes. The results are useful, for example, for assessment of the expected bias cancellation in energy differences of larger systems obtained by single‐reference methods.
NLRP3 is involved in long bone edification and the maturation of osteogenic cells
Authors: Detzen L. , Cheat B. , Besbes A. , Hassan B. , Marchi V. , Baroukh B. , Lesieur J. , Sadoine J. , Torrens C. , Rochefort G. , Bouchet J. , Gosset M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOverexpression of the nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in chronic auto‐immune diseases leads to skeletal anomalies, with severe osteopenia due to the activation of osteoclasts. Reproducing this phenotype inNlrp3knock‐in mice has provided insights into the role of NLRP3 in bone metabolism. We studied the role of NLRP3 in physiological bone development using a completeNlrp3knock‐out mouse model. We found impaired skeletal development inNlrp3−/−mice, resulting in a shorter stature than that ofNlrp3+/+ mice. These growth defects were associated with altered femur bone growth, characterized by a deficient growth plate and an osteopenic profile of the trabeculae. No differences in osteoclast recruitment or activity were observed. Instead, Nlrp3−/−femurs showed a less mineralized matrix in the trabeculae than those ofNlrp3+/+ mice, as well as less bone sialoprotein (BSP) expressing hypertrophic chondrocytes. In vitro, primary osteoblasts lacking NLRP3 expression showed defective mineralization, together with the downregulation of BSP expression. Finally, follow‐up by micro‐CT highlighted the role of NLPR3 in bone growth, occurring early in living mice, as the osteopenic phenotype diminishes over time. Overall, our data suggest that NLRP3 is involved in bone edification via the regulation of hypertrophic chondrocyte maturation and osteoblast activity. Furthermore, the defect appeared to be transitory, as the skeleton recovered with aging.
The fine structure of the turbot eye (Scophtalmus maximus): A macro‐anatomical, light and scanning electron microscopical study
Authors: Onuk Burcu , Pehlivan Ozgür Y. , Yardimci Banu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn fish species, the morphological structure of the eye varies depending on environmental conditions. Morphometric data about the sensory organs of fish is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to describe the morphological structure of the turbot eye using gross, light and scanning electron microscope examinations. The turbot eyeball was found to comprise three layers: the tunica fibrosa bulbi (cornea, sclera), the tunica vasculosa bulbi (choroidea, iris) and the tunica nervea bulbi (retina). The thickness of the centre of the cornea measured approximately 153.14 μm, and the peripheral thickness measured 410.81 μm. The sclera consisted of a two‐part cartilage structure that was connected with elastic fibres. The choroideal rete was found in the tunica vasculosa bulbi, and its thickness measured 1.6 ± 0.1 mm. Moreover, no pigment was found in the choroidea. The lens was determined to be a very hard and transparent structure extending towards the cornea. In addition, we detected five ligaments in the equatorial plane of the eye, in which the tendon of the retractor lentis muscle attaches to the lens. Also, there were six extraocular muscles in the turbot. This study is the first to present detailed descriptions of morphological structures and morphometric data for all the layers of the turbot eye. Since the anatomical structure of the eye in fish is variable, it is thought that the data on the turbot eye will contribute to the anatomy literature.
Acute kidney injury in hospitalized cirrhotic patients: Risk factors, type of kidney injury, and survival
Authors: Khatua Chitta Ranjan , Sahu Saroj Kanta , Meher Dinesh , Nath Gautam , Singh Shivaram Prasad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of chronic liver disease (CLD). We performed a prospective study to evaluate the risk factors and spectrum of AKI among decompensated cirrhosis (DC) patients and the impact of AKI on survival.MethodsThis study was conducted in consecutive DC patients hospitalized in SCB Medical College between December 2016 and October 2018. AKI was defined as per ICA criteria. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters and outcomes were compared between patients with and without AKI.ResultsA total of 576 DC subjects were enrolled, 315 (54.69%) of whom had AKI; 34% (n = 106) had stage 1A, 28% (n = 90) stage 1B, 21% (n = 65) stage 2, and 17% (n = 54) stage 3 AKI. Alcohol was the predominant cause of CLD (66.7%). In 207 (65.7%) patients, diuretic/lactulose/nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs use was noted, and infection was present in 190 (60.3%) patients. Compared to those without AKI, patients with AKI had higher leucocyte count, higher serum urea and creatinine, higher Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh, higher Model of End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores (P < 0.001), longer hospital stay, and lower survival at 28 days and 90 days (P < 0.001). Besides, in patients with stages 1A to 3 AKI, there were differences in overall survival at 28 days (P < 0.001) and 90 days (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOver half of DC patients had AKI, and alcohol was the most common cause of cirrhosis in them. Use of AKI‐precipitating medications was the most common cause of AKI, followed by bacterial infection. AKI patients had increased prevalence of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure and had prolonged hospitalization and lower survival both at 28 days and 90 days.
Experimental diffuse brain injury and a model of Alzheimer's disease exhibit disease‐specific changes in sleep and incongruous peripheral inflammation
Authors: Saber Maha , Murphy Sean M. , Cho Yerin , Lifshitz Jonathan , Rowe Rachel K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractElderly populations (≥65 years old) have the highest risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or obtaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Using translational mouse models, we investigated sleep disturbances and inflammation associated with normal aging, TBI and aging, and AD. We hypothesized that aging results in marked changes in sleep compared with adult mice, and that TBI and aging would result in sleep and inflammation levels similar to AD mice. We used female 16‐month‐old wild‐type (WT Aged) and 3xTg‐AD mice, as well as a 2‐month‐old reference group (WT Adult), to evaluate sleep changes. WT Aged mice received diffuse TBI by midline fluid percussion, and blood was collected from both WT Aged (pre‐ and post‐TBI) and 3xTg‐AD mice to evaluate inflammation. Cognitive behavior was tested, and tissue was collected for histology. Bayesian generalized additive and mixed‐effects models were used for analyses. Both normal aging and AD led to increases in sleep compared with adult mice. WT Aged mice with TBI slept substantially more, with fragmented shorter bouts, than they did pre‐TBI and compared with AD mice. However, differences between WT Aged and 3xTg‐AD mice in immune cell populations and plasma cytokine levels were incongruous, cognitive deficits were similar, and cumulative sleep was not predictive of inflammation or behavior for either group. Our results suggest that in similarly aged individuals, TBI immediately induces more profound sleep alterations than in AD, although both diseases likely include cognitive impairments. Unique pathological sleep pathways may exist in elderly individuals who incur TBI compared with similarly aged individuals who have AD, which may warrant disease‐specific treatments in clinical settings.
Microbial carbon source utilization in rice rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soils in a 34‐year fertilized paddy field
Authors: Tang Haiming , Li Chao , Wen Li , Li Weiyan , Shi Lihong , Cheng Kaikai , Xiao Xiaoping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarbon (C) is playing an important role in regulating soil nutrient cycling, maintaining soil fertility and crop yield, but there is still need to further study on how C source utilization characteristic respond to soil physical and chemical properties change with different fertilizer treatments under a double‐cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) field in southern China. Therefore, the effects of 34‐year long‐term fertilizer regime on C source utilization characteristic in rice rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soils under a double‐cropping rice field in southern China were studied by using 18O–H2O method in the present paper. The field experiments were included four fertilizer treatments: mineral fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw and mineral fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% mineral fertilizer (OM), and without fertilizer input as control (CK). The results showed that microbial biomass C content, basal respiration of soil microorganism and microbial growth rate in rice rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soils with OM and RF treatments were significantly higher (p < .05) than that of CK treatment. The microbial C utilization efficiency (CUE) in rhizosphere soil with MF and CK treatments were significantly higher (p < .05) than that of OM treatment, but there was no significantly difference (p > .05) in microbial CUE in non‐rhizosphere soil between MF, RF, OM, and CK treatments. In the different parts of soil, the microbial biomass C content and basal respiration of soil microorganism in rhizosphere soil were higher than that of non‐rhizosphere soil, but the microbial growth rate and microbial CUE in non‐rhizosphere soil were higher than that of rhizosphere soil. Compared with CK and MF treatments, the metabolic capacity of soil microorganism to exogenic C source with RF and OM treatments were significantly higher (p < .05) than that of MF and CK treatments. The largest type of exogenic C source used by soil microorganism was carboxylic acids, followed by amino acid and carbohydrate, and complex compounds was the smallest. In the different parts of soil, the metabolic capacity of soil microorganism to the types of exogenic C source in non‐rhizosphere soil was higher than that of rhizosphere soil. The redundancy analysis results indicated that there had obvious difference in utilization characteristic of soil microorganism to exogenic C source among different fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, this results indicated that characteristic of soil C source utilization were significantly changed under different long‐term fertilizer condition.
Deeper below the surface—transcriptional changes in selected genes ofClostridium beijerinckiiin response to butanol shock
Authors: Patakova Petra , Kolek Jan , Jureckova Katerina , Branska Barbora , Sedlar Karel , Vasylkivska Maryna , Provaznik Ivo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe main bottleneck in the return of industrial butanol production from renewable feedstock through acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation by clostridia, such asClostridium beijerinckii, is the low final butanol concentration. The problem is caused by the high toxicity of butanol to the production cells, and therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which clostridia react to butanol shock is of key importance. Detailed analyses of transcriptome data that were obtained after butanol shock and their comparison with data from standard ABE fermentation have resulted in new findings, while confirmed expected population responses. Although butanol shock resulted in upregulation of heat shock protein genes, their regulation is different than was assumed based on standard ABE fermentation transcriptome data. While glucose uptake, glycolysis, and acidogenesis genes were downregulated after butanol shock, solventogenesis genes were upregulated. Cyclopropanation of fatty acids and formation of plasmalogens seem to be significant processes involved in cell membrane stabilization in the presence of butanol. Surprisingly, one of the three identified Agr quorum‐sensing system genes was upregulated. Upregulation of several putative butanol efflux pumps was described after butanol addition and a large putative polyketide gene cluster was found, the transcription of which seemed to depend on the concentration of butanol.
An interactive technology enhanced coaching intervention for Black women with hypertension: Randomized controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Abel Willie M. , DeHaven Mark J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the United States, hypertension (HTN) is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and a more significant health problem for Blacks compared with other racial/ethnic groups. The prevalence of HTN in Black women is among the highest in the world, underscoring the need for effective prevention and management approaches for blood pressure (BP) control. We developed a two‐arm randomized controlled trial repeated measures design study for improving HTN self‐management among Black women. The study tests whether the Chronic Disease Self‐Management Program (CDSMP) combined with interactive technology‐enhanced coaching, can improve BP control and adherence to treatment (e.g., medication‐taking, physical activity, calorie intake, and weight management) compared with the CDSMP alone. Repeated measurements were conducted at 3, 6, and 9 months. A sample of 90 community‐dwelling Black women with uncontrolled Stage 1 HTN (BP ≥ 130/80) were enrolled, completed CDSMP training, and randomized. This study will contribute to our understanding of novel methods to empower Black women to increase their active involvement in self‐care management of HTN.
Implementing remote triage in large health systems: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Lewinski Allison A. , Rushton Sharron , Van Voorhees Elizabeth , Boggan Joel C. , Whited John D. , Shoup John P. , Tabriz Amir A. , Adam Soheir , Fulton Jessica , Gordon Adelaide M. , Ear Belinda , Williams  John W. , Goldstein Karen M. , Van Noord Megan G. , Gierisch Jennifer M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRemote triage (RT) allows interprofessional teams (e.g., nurses and physicians) to assess patients and make clinical decisions remotely. RT use has developed widespread interest due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and has future potential to address the needs of a rapidly aging population, improve access to care, facilitate interprofessional team care, and ensure appropriate use of resources. However, despite rapid and increasing interest in implementation of RT, there is little research concerning practices for successful implementation. We conducted a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis of practices that impact the implementation of RT for adults seeking clinical care advice. We searched MEDLINE®, EMBASE, and CINAHL from inception through July 2018. We included 32 studies in this review. Our review identified four themes impacting the implementation of RT: characteristics of staff who use RT, influence of RT on staff, considerations in selecting RT tools, and environmental and contextual factors impacting RT. The findings of our systemic review underscore the need for a careful consideration of (a) organizational and stakeholder buy‐in before launch, (b) physical and psychological workplace environment, (c) staff training and ongoing support, and (d) optimal metrics to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of implementation. Our findings indicate that preimplementation planning, as well as evaluating RT by collecting data during and after implementation, is essential to ensuring successful implementation and continued adoption of RT in a health care system.