bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing drought stress index for monitoring Pinus densiflora diebacks in Korea
Authors: Cho Nanghyun , Kim Eunsook , Lim Jong-Hwan , Seo Bumsuk , Kang Sinkyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The phenomenon of tree dieback in forest ecosystems around the world, which is known to be associated with high temperatures that occur simultaneously with drought, has received much attention. Korea is experiencing a rapid rise in temperature relative to other regions. Particularly in the growth of evergreen conifers, temperature increases in winter and spring can have great influence. In recent years, there have been reports of group dieback of Pinus densiflora trees in Korea, and many studies are being conducted to identify the causes. However, research on techniques to diagnose and monitor drought stress in forest ecosystems on local and regional scales has been lacking.

Results
In this study, we developed and evaluated an index to identify drought and high-temperature vulnerability in Pinus densiflora forests. We found the Drought Stress Index (DSI) that we developed to be effective in generally assessing the drought-reactive physiology of trees. During 2001–2016, in Korea, we refined the index and produced DSI data from a 1 × 1-km unit grid spanning the entire country. We found that the DSI data correlated with the event data of Pinus densiflora mass dieback compiled in this study. The average DSI value at times of occurrence of Pinus densiflora group dieback was 0.6, which was notably higher than during times of nonoccurrence.

Conclusions
Our combination of the Standard Precipitation Index and growing degree days evolved and short- and long-term effects into a new index by which we found meaningful results using dieback event data. Topographical and biological factors and climate data should be considered to improve the DSI. This study serves as the first step in developing an even more robust index to monitor the vulnerability of forest ecosystems in Korea.
Half-dose sugammadex with neostigmine versus full-dose sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium in laparoscopic bariatric surgery
Authors: Ghanem Mohamed A. , Nasr Mohamed , el Aziz Motawee Abd , El-kenany Samah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Sugammadex reverses rocuronium more effective than neostigmine during deeper neuromuscular blockade levels. Relying upon the high cost of sugammadex we hypothesized that combined neostigmine with half-dose sugammadex (1.2 mg/kg) would be as effective as the full dose (2.4 mg/kg IBW) in reversing rocuronium-induced deep neuromuscular block in obese patients. A multimodal approach would be an effective cost saving strategy, while preserving the advantages of this novel agent.

Patient and methods
A prospective randomized study done on 50 morbid obese patients undergoing elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy operation. Patients were allocated into two groups each of 25. Group NS received sugammadex 1.2 mg/kg and neostigmine 50 μg/kg with atropine 20 μg/kg. Group S received sugammadex 2.4 mg/kg and 10 mL of normal saline.

Primary outcome
Interval between administration of reversal and reaching TOF of 90%.

Secondary outcomes
Total dose of rocuronium (mg), duration between last dose rocuronium and reverse, number of patients reached TOF of 90% within 5 min, duration between IV reversal and extubation, and the number of patients with residual neuromuscular blockade.

Results
Number of patients who reached TOF 90% within 5 min, the interval between reversal and 90% TOF, the interval between reversal and extubation were comparable between the study groups.

Conclusion
As regards neuromuscular blocker reversal in obese patients, the neostigmine 50 μg/kg plus sugammadex half dose (1.2 mg/kg) is as effective as full-dose sugammadex (2.4 mg/kg) alone.

Trial registration
Institutional Research Board: (IRB code number): MS/17.12.195 on 16 January 2018.
Single-dose intrathecal analgesia: a safe and effective method of labor analgesia for parturients in low resource areas
Authors: Chauhan Gian , Samyal Poonam , Pathania Anshit Abhi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Epidural analgesia is often said the gold standard of the labor analgesia. But in the areas where the availability of epidural catheters, multiparameter monitors, trained staff is scarce, we need to rethink for single-dose intrathecal analgesia as an alternate yet effective method to provide labor analgesia. The combination we chose for single-shot spinal was heavy bupivacaine 2.5 mg + fentanyl 25 μg + morphine 250 μg, so as to provide an optimal time period of analgesia and lesser need for supplemental analgesics.

Methods
The prospective open-label study was conducted on 100 parturients. Group S (N = 50) received intrathecal injection of 0.5 ml of heavy bupivacaine (2.5 mg) and 0.5 ml of fentanyl (25 μg), and 1 ml of preservative free morphine (250 μg/ml) was given (total volume of 2 ml) using 26 G Quincke spinal needle. Group C (N = 50) were managed according to the institutional protocol of programmed labor for normal vaginal delivery. The duration of analgesia, VAS score, safety and side effects, and progress of labor was noted and compared.

Results
The progress of labor, mode of delivery, and fetal parameters was similar in both the groups. But the parturients in the group S had lower VAS score with a pain-free period of 238.96 ± 21.88 min, without any noted side effects.

Conclusion
Single-dose intrathecal analgesia with heavy bupivacaine 2.5 mg + fentanyl 25 μg + morphine 250 μg can be used efficaciously covering the complete duration of labor in both primigravida and multigravida with no increase in instrumental delivery or C-section rate or other side effects.

Trial registration
Institutional Ethics Committee, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla. Number: ECR/533/IST/HP/2014. Registered on 12 August 2017
German hospital capacities for prolonged mechanical ventilator weaning in neurorehabilitation – results of a representative survey
Authors: Platz Thomas , Bender Andreas , Dohle Christian , Gorsler Anna , Knecht Stefan , Liepert Joachim , Mokrusch Thomas , Sailer Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA brief survey among members of the German Neurorehabilitation Society aimed to document the hospital capacities (“beds”) for prolonged weaning from a mechanical ventilator for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multi-professional neurorehabilitation treatment. Sixty-eight institutions declared to have capacities with a broad distribution across Germany and its federal states. Overall, 1094 “beds” for prolonged weaning (and neurorehabilitation) were reported, 871 together with further information regarding their identification and hence regional location. These units had on average 16.1 beds for prolonged weaning (95% confidence interval 12.6 to 19.6) with a range from 2 to 68 beds per organization. The data indicate substantial capacities for the combined prolonged weaning and neurorehabilitation treatment in Germany. For most “beds” included in this analysis a basic validation was possible. While a reasonable coverage of these specialized service capacities by the survey is likely, the number reported could still be biased by underreporting by non-response. Both the broad variation of number of “beds” for prolonged weaning per unit and their unequal geographical distribution across federal states (per capita rate) warrant a more refined follow-up survey that will provide insights into reasons for the observed pattern of variation for these specialized hospital capacities.
Assessing the impact of a combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir treatment for hepatitis C virus infection on heart rate, rhythm and heart rate variability using 24-hour ECG monitoring
Authors: El Missiri Ahmed Mohamed , Rayan Mona Mostafa , Awad Mohamed Medhat , El Desoky Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) cure patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Concerns have arisen the occurrence of significant bradyarrhythmias during treatment with DAAs. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a DAA combination for the treatment of HCV infection on heart rate, rhythm, and heart rate variability (HRV) using 24-h ECG monitoring.

Results
A prospective randomized study of 50 treatment-naïve patients with HCV infection treated with a combination of sofosbuvir 400 mg daily and daclatasvir 60 mg daily for 12 weeks. Surface ECG and 24-h ECG monitoring were performed at baseline and after completion of therapy to assess PR interval, corrected QT interval (QTc), minimum heart rate (HR), maximum HR, average HR, HRV time-domain and frequency-domain measures, significant pauses, tachycardias, bradycardias, premature atrial contractions (PACs), and premature ventricular contraction (PVCs).
No differences were detected in all examined parameters between baseline and after completion of treatment. PR interval was 154 ± 25.95 vs 151.4 ± 23.82 ms, respectively (p = 0.124). QTc interval was 397.34 ± 29.38 vs 395.04 ± 30.23 ms, respectively (p = 0.403). No differences were detected for minimum HR, maximum HR, average HR, HRV time-domain and frequency-domain measures, the occurrence of significant pauses, sinus tachycardia episodes, sinus bradycardia episodes, PACs, and PVCs. No episodes of bradyarrhythmias, syncope, and atrial fibrillation, supraventricular, or ventricular tachycardias were reported or detected.

Conclusion
In non-cardiac patients receiving no cardioactive medications, the combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir for the treatment of HCV infection has no effect on HR, rhythm, conductivity, or HRV. No symptomatic bradycardias, tachycardias, or syncope were reported or detected using 24-h ECG monitoring.
Multi-objective economic operation of modern power system considering weather variability using adaptive cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Kavuturu K. V. Kumar , Narasimham P. V. R. L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrently, most of the power systems are being integrated with flexible AC transmission system devices and renewable energy sources for operating with enhanced security margins and balancing the increasing demand cost-effectively. On the other side, the trend of increasing global warming and extremely changing weather conditions is continuing across the world. Under this scenario, it is essential to realize their effect on various power system components and its economic operation. In this paper, the parameters namely resistance of the transmission line/transformer, load and solar photovoltaic generation are modeled considering ambient temperature effect. Later, economic schedule under changing weather conditions is proposed for attaining multi-objectives simultaneously like total operating cost of conventional energy, real power loss, average voltage collapse point indicator index and average voltage deviation index. Also, the dispatchable problems in the transmission system and various practical operating constraints are handled via optimally setting the parameters of optimal unified power flow controller. The optimization problem is solved using adaptive cuckoo search algorithm (ACSA), in which a dynamically increasing switching parameter in a power of three is adopted for adjusting the random walk between local optima and global optima. The superiority of the proposed ACSA in solving the multiobjective, nonlinear complex optimization problem over basic CSA and particle swarm optimization, chicken swarm optimization and flower pollination algorithm is presented by illustrating various case studies on standard IEEE 14, 30 and 118–bus test systems.
Impact of grit on voice behavior: mediating role of organizational commitment
Authors: Nisar Asma , Butt Tahira Hassan , Abid Ghulam , Farooqi Saira , Qazi Tehmina Fiaz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmployee voice is the voluntary, non-formal and upward communication of ideas, concerns or solutions to work associated problems by an employee. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, our study investigated the direct impact of two antecedents of behavioral outcomes (i.e., grit and organizational commitment) on voice behavior. Moreover, study also examined the mediating influence of organizational commitment in the relationship between grit and voice behavior. Data were collected in two waves time over a 2-month time period from public sector employees and their immediate supervisors. PROCESS macro by Hayes was used on actual sample of 300 employees and 19 supervisors from different job functions. All the direct as well as indirect hypothesized relationships are empirically supported. The results of the study add to the improved understanding of one of the most evolving construct, namely, voice behavior. Theoretical and practical implications alongside recommendations have also been given for future empirical research on voice behavior.
The relationship between alcohol-related hospital admission and specialist alcohol treatment provision across local authorities in England since passage of the Health and Social Care Act 2012
Authors: Roberts Emmert , Hotopf Matthew , Drummond Colin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryTo our knowledge no previous studies have been conducted at the local authority level assessing relationships between alcohol-related hospital admission, specialist alcohol treatment provision and socioeconomic deprivation since the UK government passed the Health and Social Care Act in 2012. Our results, using publicly available national data-sets, suggest that the local authority areas in England most in need of adequately funded specialist alcohol treatment, because of high prevalence of alcohol dependence and deprivation, are not receiving targeted increased funding, and that the national rise in alcohol-related hospital admissions may be fuelled by local authority funding cuts to specialist alcohol treatment.
The osteoclast cytoskeleton – current understanding and therapeutic perspectives for osteoporosis
Authors: Blangy Anne , Bompard Guillaume , Guerit David , Marie Pauline , Maurin Justine , Morel Anne , Vives Virginie 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated myeloid cells specialized for bone resorption, which is essential for the preservation of bone health throughout life. The activity of osteoclasts relies on the typical organization of osteoclast cytoskeleton components into a highly complex structure comprising actin, microtubules and other cytoskeletal proteins that constitutes the backbone of the bone resorption apparatus. The development of methods to differentiate osteoclasts in culture and manipulate them genetically, as well as improvements in cell imaging technologies, has shed light onto the molecular mechanisms that control the structure and dynamics of the osteoclast cytoskeleton, and thus the mechanism of bone resorption. Although essential for normal bone physiology, abnormal osteoclast activity can cause bone defects, in particular their hyper-activation is commonly associated with many pathologies, hormonal imbalance and medical treatments. Increased bone degradation by osteoclasts provokes progressive bone loss, leading to osteoporosis, with the resulting bone frailty leading to fractures, loss of autonomy and premature death. In this context, the osteoclast cytoskeleton has recently proven to be a relevant therapeutic target for controlling pathological bone resorption levels. Here, we review the present knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of the osteoclast cytoskeleton that control their bone resorption activity in normal and pathological conditions.
„Co to są czary? Co za znaki ich?”
Authors: Sawicki Mariusz 
Published: July 2020

„What Is Witchcraft? What Signify It ?” Lithuanian Sermons And Methods Against Witchcraft From ThE End Of 17th And 18th Centuries
Witchcraft as a crime attracted the attention of Polish-Lithuanian society in many aspects at the turn of 17th and 18th centuries. On the one hand, it was connected with a belief in its efficiency, in the existence of witches and sorcerers, and their covenant with the devil. The article analyzes two manuscripts: a prayer „Modlitwa przeciwko czarom i niebezpieczeństwom” and a sermon „Jako się strzedz czarów i potwarzy o nie”. The sermon utilizes contemporary rhetoric, stresses the importance of sin and appeals to the receivers through fear. What is somewhat surprising, the text maintains that most witchcraft happened with God’s permission, as God allows the devil to function in the society. The preacher was very skillful in using listeners’ emotions, building suspension and condemning peoples’ sins and bad deeds. There is no doubt he managed to attract the attention of the audience and had a real impact on the surrounding reality.
Dynamic Resource Allocation on Multi-Category Two-Sided Platforms
Authors: Li Hui , Shen Qiaowei , Bart Yakov 
Published: July 2020

Platform businesses are typically resource-intensive and must scale up their business quickly in the early stage to compete successfully against fast-emerging rivals. We study a critical question faced by such firms in the novel context of multicategory two-sided platforms: how to optimally make investment decisions across two sides, multiple categories, and different time periods to achieve fast and sustainable growth. We first develop a two-category two-period theoretical model and propose optimal resource allocation strategies that account for heterogeneous within-category direct and indirect network effects and cross-category interdependence. We find that the proposed strategy shares the spirit of the allocation rules for multiproduct nonplatform firms and single-product platform firms, yet it does not amount to a simple combination of the existing rules. Interestingly, the business model that platforms adopt crucially determines the optimal strategy. Platforms that charge by user should adopt a “reinforcing” rule for both within- and cross-category allocations by allocating more resources toward the stronger growth driver. Platforms that charge by transaction should also adopt the reinforcing rule for within-category allocation, but follow a “compensatory” rule for cross-category and intertemporal allocations by allocating more resources toward the weaker growth driver. We use data from the daily deals industry to empirically identify the network effects, propose alternative allocation strategies stemming from our theoretical findings, and use simulations to show the benefits of these strategies. For instance, we show that reallocating 10% of the average observed investment from Fitness to Beauty can increase profits by up to 15.5% for some cities. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
How Digital Word-of-Mouth Affects Consumer Decision Making: Evidence from Doctor Appointment Booking
Authors: Shukla Aishwarya Deep , Gao Guodong (Gordon) , Agarwal Ritu 
Published: July 2020

We use detailed clickstream data on online word-of-mouth (WOM) to uncover mechanisms underlying its influence on consumer decision making. A feature launch on a major doctor appointment booking platform allows us to examine the effects of online WOM on three dimensions of a consumer’s choice process: the consideration set size, the time taken to consider alternatives (web session duration), and the geographic dispersion of the choices considered. Results indicate that the effects of WOM on decision-making processes are not monotonic but rather are contingent on the abundance of WOM (number of rated doctors) in a market. When the abundance of WOM is high, the introduction of WOM makes patients consider fewer doctors, browse for a shorter duration, and focus on doctors that are geographically more proximate. In contrast, when the abundance of WOM is low, the introduction of WOM makes patients consider more doctors, browse for longer duration, and consider doctors that are geographically more dispersed. We also find that WOM can lead to a cannibalization effect: when ratings are published, the highly rated doctors reap the benefits (in the form of increased demand) at the expense of unrated doctors. Our study contributes to the extant literature on online WOM by providing new insights into how WOM influences consumer decision making and by examining this question at a more granular level than prior work.This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Latch-related nipple pain in breastfeeding women: the impact on breastfeeding outcomes
Authors: Bourdillon Katie , McCausland Tom , Jones Stephanie 
Published: July 2020

Background Nipple pain is a common issue experienced by breastfeeding mothers and if not resolved, can contribute to early cessation of breastfeeding. Aims To investigate mothers experiences of nipple pain, the solutions used to manage their issues, and the perceived impact on breastfeeding outcomes with particular focus on latch-related nipple pain with no clear underlying cause (LRNP). Methods Data was collected via an online survey of UK-based women (n=1084). Findings LRNP was the most common issue as experienced by 52% of mothers surveyed. Various solutions were utilised to try to manage LRNP. Use of Highly Purified Anhydrous (HPA) Lanolin to manage LRNP was associated with a substantial increase in breastfeeding duration (average 33.2 weeks compared to 26.5 weeks for those who didn't report using HPA Lanolin). Discussion HPA Lanolin is a key solution used by mothers in the management of latch-related nipple pain and one which they perceive as having a significant positive effect on the physical symptoms and pain associated with nipple trauma. Use of HPA Lanolin was also associated with a substantial increase in breastfeeding duration which ultimately aids women in meeting their personal breastfeeding goals and improves overall breastfeeding rates.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining the Effect of Exercise on Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: St. John Laura , Borschneck Gregory , Cairney John 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study examined the efficacy of exercise programs for individuals with intellectual disability (ID) based on experimental designs. Multiple databases were searched from inception up until March 2019. Randomized control trials were eligible for inclusion if they (a) included a population with ID; (b) used an exercise intervention; and (c) included performance, cardiovascular health, and/or psychological measures. All data were pooled using random effects models of standardized mean differences. The review included 18 studies which represented data from 799 individuals with ID. The largest effect was seen in relation to anxiety and depression symptoms (SMD = −3.07). This study represented the first comprehensive analysis on this topic area and illustrated that exercise can play an important therapeutic role for this population.
InGaN blue light emitting micro-diodes with current path defined by tunnel junction
Authors: Gibasiewicz Krzysztof , Bojarska-Cieślińska Agata , Muzioł Grzegorz , Skierbiszewski Czesław , Grzanka Szymon , Kafar Anna , Perlin Piotr , Najda Stephen , Suski Tadeusz 
Published: July 2020

We have fabricated tunnel-junction InGaN micro-LEDs using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy technology, with top-down processing on GaN substrates. Devices have diameters between 5 µm and 100 µm. All of the devices emit light at 450 nm at a driving current density of about

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