bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the contributions of some Russian scientists to developing systems thinking and the theory of evolution
Authors: Medvedeva Tatiana A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explain and illustrate the character of Russian systems thinking and to show how it is different and similar to traditions in the West. This study’s second aim is to describe the contributions of some Russian scientists to developing systems thinking and the theory of evolution. This study introduces the predecessors of Charles Darwin in Russia, both supporters and critics of his ideas, as well as scientists who have made similar contributions to the development of systems thinking, particularly Vladimir Vernadsky and Alexander Bogdanov.

Design/methodology/approach
Philosophical and theoretical comparisons. In the Russian intellectual tradition, the terms “Russia” and the “West” are likely codes for signifying fundamental philosophical questions about the universality of thinking and culture. The term “West” means universal, rational truth without taking into consideration any differences in life and cultural practice. The term “Russia” means impossibility of such a universal truth and a necessity to look for solutions on the level of life, not only on the level of rational thinking.

Findings
Paying attention to differences in approaches to systems and cybernetics and the theory of evolution will enrich the further development of systems sciences in Russia and the West. The paper examines the philosophical underpinnings of science rather than just testing or extending an existing theory. The result is better mutual understanding among scientists with different backgrounds.

Originality/value
This study suggests new avenues for research and expands the range of conceptual possibilities. It improves mutual understanding among scholars and countries. Also, it adds to the topics discussed within the field of systems and cybernetics and the theory of evolution.
Strategies for the use of open access institutional repositories at universities in Ghana
Authors: Kodua-Ntim Kwame , Fombad Madeleine C. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis article suggests strategies for the usage of open access institutional repositories (OAIR) at university libraries in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachPragmatism paradigm, mixed methods research approach and convergent parallel mixed method design was adopted. Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, purposive sampling techniques and the sample size converter were the sampling procedures and methods employed. The questionnaire and interview guide were used as research instruments to gather relevant data for the study. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used as statistical tools to analyze quantitative and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.FindingsFactors such as software, staffing, advocacy, marketing and policies are crucial in the development of OAIR strategy at the University of Ghana.Research limitations/implicationsInformation from the National Accreditations Board (NAB) of Ghana (2018) indicates that Ghana has 92 Higher Educational Institutions (HEI). These are categorized into nine national public universities, eight technical universities, ten professional institutions and 65 private universities and university colleges. This article focuses only on five university libraries with the understanding that they were the only universities on the Directory of Open Access Repositories, authoritative international registries of repositories that provide data on the number of registered Institutional Repositories throughout the world.Practical implicationsIt is envisaged that the findings will benefit policymakers, academic staff, university library management and librarians. Academic staff will recognize the need to use OAIR. OAIR managers and administrators will be able to determine the factors affecting the usage of OAIR in university libraries and will be able to design strategies on how OAIR can be sustained and managed.Originality/valueThe article suggests strategies for the usage of OAIR that are instrumental for university libraries in Ghana. The strategies consist of an Institutional Guideline that requires adequate marketing, policies, software and staffing. The research also provided an understanding of OAIR through the lenses of technology acceptance model (TAM) an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to explain the usage of OAIR in university libraries in Ghana.
“Does daylight matter”? An examination of racial bias in traffic stops by police
Authors: Vito Anthony G. , Woodward Griffin Vanessa , Vito Gennaro F. , Higgins George E. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw a better understanding of the potential impact of daylight in officer decision making. In order to this, the authors test the veil of darkness hypothesis, which theorizes that racial bias in traffic stops can be tested by controlling for the impact of daylight, while operating under the assumption that driver patterns remain constant across race.Design/methodology/approachPublicly available traffic-stop records from the Louisville Metro Police Department for January 2010–2019. The analysis includes both propensity score matching to examine the impact of daylight in similarly situated stops and coefficients testing to analyze how VOD may vary in citation-specific models.FindingsThe results show that using PSM following the VOD hypothesis does show evidence of racial bias, with Black drivers more likely to be stopped. Moreover, the effects of daylight significantly varied across citation-specific models.Research limitations/implicationsThe data are self-reported from the officer and do not contain information on the vehicle make or model.Practical implicationsThis paper shows that utilizing PSM and coefficients testing provides for a better analysis following the VOD hypothesis and does a better job of understanding the impact of daylight and the officer decision-making on traffic stops.Social implicationsBased on the quality of the data, the findings show that the use of VOD allows for the performance of more rigorous analyses of traffic stop data – giving police departments a better way to examine if racial profiling is evident.Originality/valueThis is the first study (to the researchers' knowledge) that applies the statistical analyses of PSM to the confines of the veil of darkness hypothesis.
Effects of post-curing conditions on mechanical properties of 3D printed clear dental aligners
Authors: Jindal Prashant , Juneja Mamta , Bajaj Divya , Siena Francesco Luke , Breedon Philip 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
3D printing techniques have been widely used for manufacturing complex parts for various dental applications. For achieving suitable mechanical strength, post-cure processing is necessary, where the relative time duration and temperature specification also needs to be defined. The purpose of this study/paper is to assess the effects of post curing conditions and mechanical properties of 3D printed clear dental aligners

Design/methodology/approach
Dental long-term clear resin material has been used for 3D printing of dental aligners using a Formlabs 3D printer for direct usage on patients. Post-curing conditions have been varied, all of which have been subjected to mechanical compression loading of 1,000 N to evaluate the curing effects on the mechanical strength of the aligners.

Findings
The experimental studies provide significant insight into both temperatures and time durations that could provide sufficient compressive mechanical strength to the 3D printed clear dental aligners. It was observed that uncured aligners deformed plastically with large deformations under the loading conditions, whereas aligners cured between 400°C–800°C for 15–20 min deformed elastically before fragmenting into pieces after safely sustaining higher compressive loads between 495 N and 666 N. The compressive modulus ratio for cured aligners ranged between 4.46 and 5.90 as compared to uncured aligners. For shorter cure time durations and lower temperature conditions, an appropriate elevated compressive strength was also achieved.

Originality/value
Based on initial assessments by dental surgeons, suitable customised clear aligners can be designed, printed and cured to the desired levels based on patient’s requirements. This could result in time, energy and unit production cost savings, which ultimately would help to alleviate the financial burden placed on both the health service and their patients.
Melting, fusion and solidification behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in selective laser melting at different scanning speeds
Authors: Pal Snehashis , Lojen Gorazd , Gubeljak Nenad , Kokol Vanja , Drstvensek Igor 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Melting, fusion and solidification are the principal mechanisms used in selective laser melting to produce a product. Several thermal phenomena occur during the fabrication process, such as powder melting, melt pool formation, mixing of materials (fusion), rapid solidification, re-melting, high thermal gradient, reheating and cooling. These phenomena result in several types of pores, defects, irregular surfaces, bending and residual stress. This paper aims to focus on the physical behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at several scanning speeds and their effect on porosity and metallurgical properties.

Design/methodology/approach
Seven scanning speeds between 150  and 1000 mm/s were chosen to observe the occurrence of different pores, defects and microstructural formations and their effect on hardness and tensile properties.

Findings
The various mentioned malformations occur due to the results of possible uncertainties during the melting-fusion-solidification process. Size, shape, number, location and content of the pores varied in different samples. The a cicular a' size changes with different scanning speeds. Eventually, both porosity and microstructure have shown influential consequences on the hardness and tensile properties in the samples manufactured with different scanning speeds.

Originality/value
This study showed the adverse effects of different physical behaviors that occurred during the fabrication process, leading to the formation of complex pores. The causations and plausible solutions of the pore formation are interpreted in this paper. The authors observe that a circular a' size differed with scanning speeds, and these influence the mechanical properties.
Investigation, modeling and optimization of abnormal areas of weld beads in wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Tang Shangyong , Wang Guilan , Huang Cheng , Li Runsheng , Zhou Siyu , Zhang Haiou 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The modeling and optimization of a weld bead in the middle of the weld are often simple, as the forming process is dynamically balanced. However, the arc striking (AS) and arc extinguishing (AE) areas of weld beads are generally abnormal because the dynamic processes at these areas are unstable. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the abnormal areas of the weld bead with optimization modeling methods in wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM).

Design/methodology/approach
A burning-back method was proposed to fill the slanted plane in the AE area. To optimize the welding parameters and obtain the optimal design, a response surface methodology was proposed to build the relationships between the input parameters and response variables.

Findings
The proposed burning-back method could fill the slanted plane in the AE area. Second-order models of abnormal areas were developed and the optimization effects were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the relationship models at both ends were applicable and preferable for the optimization of weld beads.

Originality/value
In this paper, a burning-back method was proposed to optimize the slanted plane in the AE area. Second-order models of abnormal areas were established. The methods and models were preferable in the optimization of the abnormal areas in WAAM.
Triumph Motorcycles: vrooming for increased market share in India
Authors: Attri Rekha , Bairagi Rahul 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to discuss the complexities and challenges involved in retailing luxury motorcycle brands in India.

Research methodology
This study has been developed by carrying out in-depth interviews of company officials of Triumph Motorcycles. The researchers also reached out to various distributors of luxury motorcycles in Tiers I and II cities, and through the interview process, tried to understand the problems/issues faced while selling luxury motorcycles.

Case overview/synopsis
There has been a marked increase in the branding and marketing of luxury products in the recent years. Although the two wheelers account for 80 per cent of the domestic demand, the luxury motorbike market in India is still in its introductory stages. This study discusses the challenges faced at Triumph Motorcycles and raises questions on what should be done to increase the market share of Triumph Motorcycles in India. Readers would get insights into the activities carried out to build customer connect and would be able to suggest marketing strategies and customer relationship programmes for luxury motorcycle brands.

Complexity academic level
This study can be used for the core course on marketing management or for elective courses on customer relationship management, brand management or consumer behaviour course in MBA programme.
Responsible tourism education of younger consumers: the role of mini-clubs in mountain resorts
Authors: Seraphin Hugues 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this viewpoint paper is to discuss whether children can play a role in the sustainability of the tourism industry as a whole.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a literature review of key terms: sustainable tourism; mountain tourism; children; and empowerment.FindingsChildren could potentially play a role in the sustainability of tourism if they are empowered to do so. mini-clubs in mountain resorts could, for instance, contribute to their social empowerment using a catalytic strategy.Practical implicationsPractitioners involved in the sustainability of the tourism industry should investigate ways to make the sustainability endeavour of the industry more inclusive. As for academics, they should devote time for research on children, as they are an important stakeholder group for the industry.Originality/valueThis paper focusses on children in the tourism industry. There is a dearth of research in this area.
Implementing parity for mental health and substance use treatment in Medicaid
Authors: Burns Marguerite E. , Dague Laura , Saloner Brendan , Voskuil Kristen , Kim Nam Hyo , Serna Borrero Natalia , Look Kevin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the association between the implementation of parity in coverage for mental health and substance use disorder (MHSUD) services within the Medicaid program and MHSUD service use.Data Sources/Study SettingWisconsin Medicaid enrollment and claims data from 2013 to 2015. In April 2014, Wisconsin Medicaid transitioned childless adult beneficiaries from coverage with limited MHSUD services to parity‐consistent coverage. Preparity, they only had Medicaid coverage for MHSUD visits to psychiatrists and the emergency department, while parent beneficiaries had parity‐consistent coverage.Study DesignThe study uses a difference‐in‐differences design to compare outcome changes for childless adult and parent beneficiaries.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe identified 76, 569 childless adult and parent beneficiaries aged 18‐64 who were continuously enrolled for the 2‐year study period.Principal FindingsIntroducing parity‐consistent coverage within Medicaid was associated with increased utilization of Medicaid‐reimbursed MHSUD services: outpatient, prescription medication, ED, and inpatient. Increased MHSUD outpatient visits were driven by increased visits to nonpsychiatrists.ConclusionsParity's effects on MHSUD service use have been studied in the context of private insurance, but its impact among Medicaid beneficiaries has not. Our findings suggest that parity implementation in Medicaid could increase access to effective MHSUD services in a high‐need population.
Recent advances on protein‐based Pickering high internal phase emulsions (Pickering HIPEs): Fabrication, characterization, and applications
Authors: Zhao Qiaoli , Zaaboul Farah , Liu Yuanfa , Li Jinwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMost trans fats in processed foods come from partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs). Numerous studies have shown that the excessive intake of trans fats may cause some adverse effects on human health. An effective alternative to PHOs is to construct Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to Pickering HIPEs stabilized by protein‐based particles because of their high stability and promising applications in the fields of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This review summarizes the recent progress of Pickering HIPEs stabilized by protein‐based particles focusing on the methods for their preparation and characterization, and discusses the applications of Pickering HIPEs in the food industry. Promising research trends in this field are also proposed, including (a) developing protein‐based antioxidant Pickering HIPEs and Pickering nanoemulsions, and (b) expanding the potential applications of protein‐based Pickering HIPEs in the fields of delivery vehicles, the template for porous materials, and biodegradable packaging films. This review will provide a theoretical basis for future technological innovation and application development of protein‐based Pickering HIPEs.
Examination of Hacking and Blunt Force Skeletal Trauma
Authors: Peace Breana N. , Pokines James T. , Cummings Peter M. , Harbaugh Allen G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHacking trauma is prevalent in forensic cases involving genocide and dismemberment, but research into the identification of this type of trauma is lacking. The present study examines characteristics of hacking and blunt force skeletal trauma in order to determine if there is a point at which blunt force trauma becomes distinguishable from hacking trauma. Ten implements with a range of blade angles (i.e., the striking surface of the implement) were used in conjunction with a controlled‐force hacking device to impact 100 limb bones of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Observations of the trauma included the occurrence and degree of fragmentation, the entrance widths of the impacts, and composite scores of six hacking characteristics, especially the distinctive V‐shaped kerf. ANOVA tests and regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between these characteristics and the blade angles. A significant relationship (p‐value = 0.011) was found between the composite hacking scores and the blade angles, indicating that blunt force and hacking trauma can be distinguished. The entrance widths of the impacts exhibited a significant relationship with the blade angles (p‐value = 0.037). There was also a significant relationship between the visibility of a V‐shaped kerf in the bones (p‐value = 0.003), with visibility decreasing around the 60° blade angle. These data should assist in establishing guidelines to differentiate hacking and blunt force skeletal trauma in cases where the implement is on a spectrum between sharp and blunt.
Epstein‐Barr virus positive inflammatory pseudotumours (IPT) and IPT‐like tumours
Authors: Cheung Alyson , Leung Howard Ho‐Wai , Lee Kit‐Fai , Lai Paul Bo‐San , Chong Charing Ching‐Ning 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInflammatory pseudotumour (IPT) is a spectrum of lesions which mimic malignancies in various organs. Preoperative diagnosis is often challenging. In this case report, we present two rare cases of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) associated IPTs and discuss the clinico‐pathological characteristics of these two entities.
Long‐term results from a series of patients managed with breast conservation surgery and hypofractionated radiotherapy in Christchurch: What is the recurrence rate and how do we detect recurrences
Authors: Mohamad Hanib Mohamad Firdaus Bin , Robinson Bridget A , Frampton Chris , James Melissa L 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsHypofractionated radiation treatment (HFRT) following breast conservation surgery (BCS) has similar efficacy to conventionally fractionated radiation treatment (CFRT). This study updates outcomes for patients treated with HFRT in Christchurch, New Zealand, and reports on the pattern, timing and method of detection of recurrences to inform follow‐up practice.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2006, 273 women with early breast cancer were treated with HFRT (42.5 Gray (Gy) in 16 fractions). Details of demographics, tumour characteristics, treatments, any recurrence (local, nodal or distant), follow‐ups and date of death were collected. The primary endpoint was local recurrence rate (LRR); secondary endpoints were local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 12.9 years, 17 women developed a local recurrence. LRR at 5 and 10 years were 3.1% and 5.3%, respectively. Five‐year LRFS was 91.7% and ten‐year LRFS was 83.5%. The OS at five years was 93.7% and at ten years was 87.7%. For the 41 patients with a first recurrence at any site, 75.6% were symptomatic, 22% were screen detected with radiology and 2.4% were incidental findings. None of the first recurrences were detected when asymptomatic on clinical examination in follow‐up clinics.ConclusionsThe rate of local recurrence following HFRT for BCS is low. No asymptomatic recurrence was detected by routine clinic follow‐up. The utility of regular clinical examination for the detection of recurrence is low and this should inform follow‐up strategies.
Spondylodiscitis and spinal epidural abscess related to long‐term placement of an airway stent for malignant central airway obstruction
Authors: Shikano Kohei , Ishii Daisuke , Umimura Tomotaka , Rakuman Shintaro , Maki Satoshi , Kasai Hajime , Orita Sumihisa , Iwasawa Shunichiro , Sugiura Toshihiko , Ohtori Seiji , Tatsumi Koichiro 
Published: June 2020

A 70‐year‐old male was referred to our hospital with lower limb muscle weakness and numbness of the left hand. The patient had previously been diagnosed seven years ago with lung cancer accompanied by central airway obstruction and had received chemoradiotherapy following placement of a metallic stent. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an osteolytic lesion which was adjacent to the fractured stent. T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated high signal intensity in the disc space. The patient was diagnosed with spondylodiscitis and spinal epidural abscess related to the airway stent. Despite hemilaminectomy, laminectomy and long‐term antibiotic therapy, the infection was uncontrolled. Moreover, osteolytic destruction and kyphotic deformity progressed. Removal of the airway stent was necessary; however, it was impossible because bronchial resection was required and the risk of mediastinal injury was considered to be high. The patient subsequently received palliative care. Long‐term airway stenting can cause spondylodiscitis and spinal epidural abscess. Indications for the placement of metallic stents for malignant central airway obstruction should be carefully evaluated after considering the difficulty in removal and the long‐term risk of severe complications.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyLong‐term placement and fracture of the airway stent can cause spondylodiscitis and spinal epidural abscess.What this study addsThe indication of placement of a metallic stent for malignant central airway obstruction should be considered with caution, especially if long‐term survival can be expected.