bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial contamination of Nigerian currency notes circulating within selected markets in Kaduna Metropolis
Authors: Musa F.M. , Orukotan A.A. , Hassan R.A. , Mohammed – Idris Z.K. 
Published: July 2020

A study was carried out with the aim to assess the bacterial contamination of Nigerian currency notes circulating within selected markets in Kaduna Metropolis. A total of 80 samples of Nigerian currency notes of different denominations were randomly collected from Sabo, Kakuri, Kawo, Dattawa, U/rimi, Kasuwar Sati, Nassarawa, Chechenia, Kasuwar barci and Kasuwar Laraba markets in sterilized polythene bags The mean bacterial counts of the different currency notes were determined using standard microbiological methods. The types of bacteria associated with the currency notes and their frequency of occurrence were also determined using standard methods. The result of the study showed that lower denomination currencies had higher microbial loads, 22.65×104 ± 0.22×104 CFU/g for N100, 26.55×104 ± 0.45×104 CFU/g for N50, 20.95×104 ± 0.26×104 CFU/g for N20, 21.75×104 ± 0.35×104 CFU/g for N10 and 21.75×104 ± 0.12×104 CFU/g for N5 which were mostly obtained from Kakuri, Sabo, Nasarawa, and U/Rimi markets The species of bacteria isolated from the currencies were Staphylococcus aureus (52.2%), Escherichia coli (31.3%), Salmonella species (11.9%), and Proteus species (4.5%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant bacteria isolated. This study revealed that currency notes collected from the markets within Kaduna Metropolis, were highly contaminated with different pathogenic bacteria thus, calls for public awareness on the potential risks associated with poor handling of currency notes at all levels.
Key words: Bacterial contamination, currency notes, selected markets, Kaduna Metropolis
Antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from nipple of breastfeeding mothers attending postnatal care at General Hospital Katsina
Authors: Abdullahi S. , Rukayya K.I. 
Published: July 2020

Several microorganisms may contaminate nipples of breastfeeding mothers and become potential to cause mastitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from nipples of breastfeeding mothers. Fourty (40) samples were collected using sterile one-use swab sticks from breast nipples of breast-feeding mothers at postnatal and immunization unit of General Hospital Katsina. The samples collected were inoculated on Nutrient agar and Mannitol salt agar by streak plate method. The cultured plates were then incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC after which the plates were observed for growth. Biochemical tests were carried out on the isolates to identify the bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out for the bacterial isolates using Disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibition observed were measured in millimetres. All the Fourty samples collected were culture positive. Staphylococcus aureus 34 (85%) was the most prevalent bacterium associated with nipple contamination compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 (15%). Breast-feeding mothers of 18 to 25 years, (75%) have the highest number of contaminated nipples with the bacteria. The antibiotics with highest sensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus was ciprofloxacin, while the ones with the least sensitivity were gentamicin and streptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus was completely resistant to Ampiclox and Cefuroxine. Similarly, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, while the organism has least sensitivity to amoxicillin. The antibiotics with the highest sensitivity to both organisms are ciprofloxacin, followed by Perfloxacin and amoxicillin.
Keywords: Breast nipple, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiotic
Population dynamics of <I>Mormyrus rume</I> (Valenciennes, 1847; Osteoglossiformes; Mormyridae) Of Ikere-Gorge, Iseyin, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajagbe Stephen O. , Ojo-fakuade Folashade. F. 
Published: July 2020

The structure of a fish population is determined by the equilibrium between growth, recruitment and total mortality. But, there is paucity of information on the growth and mortality of Mormyrus rume in Nigeria. Therefore this study is needful to determine its population parameters, with a view of evolving management strategies for its sustainable exploitation. Estimates of population parameters of Mormyrus rume were obtained from length-frequency data of 836 individuals collected monthly for a period of 24 months from January 2017 to December 2018. The estimated growth parameters were: asymptotic length (L∞) was 100.8cm; growth coefficient (K) was 0.62/year; growth performance (Ɵ) was 3.8; length at maturity (Lm) was 52.57cm; reproductive load (Lm/L∞) was 0.52 and optimum length (Lopt) was 65.10cm. Likewise, natural, fishing and total mortalities were 0.93, 1.46 and 2.39 respectively. The values of exploitation rate (0.61) and ratio of total mortality and growth coefficient (3.85) showed that Mormyrus rume is most exploited in Ikere-gorge. Therefore, appropriate fishing regulations should be enforced to regulate fishing gears and mesh size that will fish Mormyrus rume at sustainable level.
Keywords: Recruitment, mortality, growth, exploitation, length
Book Review: History of St. Paul Parish University of Calabar, Calabar 1973-2017
Authors: Umdh Prof. (Mrs). S. M. 
Published: July 2020

Title: history of St. Paul Parish University of Calabar, Calabar 1973-2017
Authors: Barth N. Ekwueme, Stephen Uche, Maurice Ebong, Christopher Umoh and James Aboh
Address: University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Publisher: Unversity of Calabar press, Nigeria
Isbn: 978-978-968-078-8
Copyright: (c) 2017 by Catholic men’s organization (cmo) University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Cost: USD 10 (<strike>N</strike> 500)
Diversité et usages des plantes ligneuses des agrosystèmes périphériques de la ville de Maroua (Extrême-Nord, Cameroun)
Authors: Niwah Claudette Baye , Todou Gilbert , Souare Konsala , Abdoulaye Abassi , Bay Sakitai , Atem Efuet 
Published: July 2020

Une étude a été menée en périphérie de Maroua (Extrême-Nord, Cameroun) dans le but de contribuer à une gestion durable des ressources végétale sahélienne. Cette étude a identifié et a calculé la diversité des plantes ligneuses des champs de case suivant un dispositif de 20 quadrats (50 m x 50 m) dans cinq localités. Elle a aussi déterminé les catégories d’usage et les organes récoltés de chaque plante utilisée. La Méthode Accélérée de Recherche Participative (MARP) a été reprise pour collecter les données ethnobotaniques auprès de 100 ménages. Les analyses des résultats obtenus ont montré que les champs de case comportent au total, 38 espèces (26 plantes locales) réparties dans 27 genres et 26 familles. Les familles les plus abondantes ont été Méliacées (32,26%) et Mimosacées (29,26%). Acacia nilotica, Acacia albida, Balanites aegyptiaca, Moringa oleifara, Sclerocarya birrea, Tamarindus indica et Ziziphus mauritiana sont les espèces locales les plus utilisées (au moins quatre catégories d’usages). Les résultats ont montré que les champs de case peuvent être des bons systèmes de valorisation et de conservation des plantes locales.Mots clés : Champs de case, plantes ligneuses, enquête ethnobotanique et socio-économique, valorisation, usage durable.

English Title: Diversity and uses of woody plants from peripheral agro-systems in the city of Maroua (Far North, Cameroon)A study was conducted around Maroua (Far North, Cameroon) with the aim of contributing to sustainable management of Sahelian plant resources. This study identified and calculated the diversity of woody plants in village fields using a system of 20 quadrats (50 mx 50 m) in five localities. It also determined the categories of use and the organs harvested from each plant used. The Accelerated Participatory Research Method (MARP) was used to collect ethnobotanical data from 100 households. Analyzes of the results obtained have shown that the village fields contain in total 38 species (26 native plants) in 27 genera and 26 families. The most abundant families were Meliaceae (32.26%) and Mimosaceae (29.26%). Acacia nilotica, Acacia albida, Balanites aegyptiaca, Moringa oleifara, Sclerocarya birrea, Tamarindus indica and Ziziphus mauritiana found to be the most commonly used local species (at least four categories of uses). The results showed that village field can be good systems for the recovery and conservation of native plants.Keywords: Village field, woody plants, ethnobotanical and socio-economic survey, valorization, sustainable use.
Oxydation à haute température de l’alliage Cu<sub>54</sub>Ni<sub>45</sub>Mn<sub>1</sub> : analyse isotherme
Authors: Megnassan Sassou , Jondo Koffi 
Published: July 2020

Dans la recherche de nouveaux matériaux possédant un meilleur comportement à l’oxydation haute température, les alliages cuivre-nickel sont de bons candidats grâce à leur résistance à l’oxydation. Cette étude est consacrée à la cinétique d’oxydation isotherme de l’alliage Cu54 Ni45 Mn1. Une étude de l’oxydation à haute température, de l’alliage Cu54Ni45Mn1 (constantan) dans l’oxygène a été réalisée. Les oxydations ont été réalisées par thermogravimétrie en mode isotherme, pour une gamme de températures comprises entre 650 °C et 900 °C et suivies à l'aide du microscope électronique à balayage (MEB) couplé à l’EDX. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la cinétique n’est pas essentiellement parabolique mais elle est composée d’une loi parabolique (α < 20%), suivie de deux lois linéaires pour 20% < α < 40% et α > 50%. La couche d’oxyde formée se divise en deux régions : une région externe constituée de CuO et une région interne formée de Cu2O, NiO et de MnO. L’interface entre les deux régions reflète la limite initiale de l’alliage, ce qui montre que l’oxydation est gouvernée par un mécanisme de diffusion. En perspective, une étude sur le rôle du manganèse dans la tenue à l’oxydation est envisagée ainsi que l’oxydation non isotherme de l’alliage.Mots clés : Alliages cuivre-nickel, constantan, oxydation, diffusion.

English Title: High temperature oxidation of the Cu54Ni45Mn1 alloy: isothermal analysis
the search for new materials with better oxidation behavior, copper-nickel alloys are good candidates because of their resistance to oxidation. This study is devoted to the kinetic of oxidation of the Cu54Ni45Mn1 alloy. A study of the oxidation of Cu54Ni45Mn1 (constantan) in oxygen at high temperature has been carried out. Oxidations studies performed by thermogravimetry in isothermal mode, for a range of temperatures between 650 °C and 900 °C and monitored using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled to the EDX. The results obtained show that the kinetics is not essentially parabolic but it is composed of a parabolic law (α < 20%), followed by two linear laws for 20% < α < 40% and α > 50%. The obtained oxide layer is divided into two regions: an outer region consisting of CuO and an inner region formed of Cu2O, NiO and MnO. The interface between the two regions reflects the initial limit of the alloy, which shows that the oxidation is governed by a diffusion mechanism. In perspective, a study on the role of manganese in the oxidation is envisaged as well as the non-isothermal oxidation of the alloy.Keywords: Copper-nickel alloys, constantan, oxidation, diffusion.
Prévalence du Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) dans la zone de Ntoum au Gabon
Authors: Ondh-Obame Jean Alban , Ndong Auguste Ndoutoume , Ndoutoumou Pamphile Nguema , Assembe Priscilla Chancia Mindze , Minko Ignace Davy Mendoume , Bello Kowir Pambo 
Published: July 2020

Le Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) est la maladie virale la plus dévastatrice du bananier impactant considérablement sa production. Le BBTD a été signalé au Gabon pour la première fois par la FAO avec une prévalence de plus de 90%. La présente étude vise à déterminer la prévalence du BBTD, la sévérité et l’importance du vecteur dans la zone de Ntoum. Après une enquête, 1800 pieds de bananiers dans 6 foyers d’infestation, ont été examinés de façon aléatoire avec un système de notation randomisé en transect croisé X. La méthode d’enquête par observation visuelle des symptômes du BBTD avec une échelle de notation de 1 à 5 a été utilisée. Les foyers d’infestation retenus présentent une sévérité de la maladie avancée avec le symptôme visuel de niveau 5 prépondérant et une prévalence moyenne de 21%. Le vecteur, Pentalonia nigronervosa est un insecte présent dans la zone mais à des niveaux d’importance variable. Il serait souhaitable d’évaluer la résistance variétale des Musa spp. et de montrer l’influence des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur la propagation de la maladie.Mots clés : Bananier, Pentalonia nigronervosa, foyers d’infestation, sévérité, importance du vecteur.

English Title: Prevalence of Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) in the Ntoum area in Gabon
Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) is the banana's most devastating viral disease, with a significant impact on its production. BBTD was first reported in Gabon by FAO with a prevalence of more than 90%. This study aims to determine the prevalence of BBTD, the severity and importance of the vector in the Ntoum area. After a survey, 1800 feet of banana trees in 6 outbreaks, were examined randomly with a randomized scoring system in transect crossed X. The method of visual observation of BBTD symptoms with a rating scale of 1 to 5 was used. The selected outbreaks have an advanced disease severity with the predominant level 5 visual symptom and an average prevalence of 21%. The vector, Pentalonia nigronervosa is an insect present in the area but at varying levels. It would be desirable to assess the varietal resistance of Musa spp. and to show the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the spread of the disease.Keywords: Banana, Pentalonia nigronervosa, source of infestation, severity, importance of vector.
Cart-ruts in Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) volcanoes tops point to Equinoxes, Summer and Winter Solstices
Authors: Arnaiz-Villena Antonio , Medina Marcial , Ruiz-del-Valle Valentín , Lopez-Nares Adrian , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Julian , Suarez-Trujillo Fabio 
Published: July 2020

Cart-ruts have been observed in Mediterranean Basin, Eurasia and Africa. They are rock carved stripes and channels which unexpectedly converge and/or bend, not being useful for transportation use because constant parallelism is not kept. Cart-ruts came first to scholars attention in Malta and Gozo Islands where they are abundant and dated at Bronze or Temple Age of this Archipelago. A big conjoint European investment for Cart-ruts study only got a detailed inventory in several Eurasian and African countries. Age and use of Cart-ruts remains non-discovered: it is admitted that different ages and uses may not be the same for different or even same areas. Azores Archipelago Cart-ruts were left out of this study and we have recently described them at Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) volcanoes tops and slopes and suggested that they could have been useful for space and time measurements. In the present study, Lanzarote is studied and Mt. Mina and Mt. Guardilama mountains Cart-ruts azimuths points to Summer and Winter Solstices sunrises respectively as measured from Quesera/”Cheeseboard” of Zonzamas, which is a prehistoric Guanche lunisolar calendar. Mt. Tenezara Cart-ruts azimuth is pointing towards Equinoxes sunrises, as observed from Zonzamas prehistoric calendar. Thus, a use for measure time and space could be a function for some Lanzarote Cart-ruts. We explain these findings in a prehistoric Guanche aborigine culture context probably common to Atlantic megalithic Bronze Age and to all Canary Islands having prehistoric inter-navigation, because all have similar rock Iberian-Guanche inscriptions and other common cultural traits. Sahara Desert abandoning by people also influenced Mediterranean and Atlantic culture. Probability that 3 out of 7 studied volcano Cart-ruts point to Solstices and Equinoxes by chance is close to zero as calculated by factorial probability methods.
Keywords: Latin, Scripts, Canary Islands, Iberian, Guanche, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Quesera-Cheeseboard, Pyramids, Berber, Africa, Punic, Roman, Western Sahara, Tunisia, Canaria, Calendar, Etruscan, Basque, Cart-ruts, Usko-Mediterranean, Solstice, Equinox, Zonzamas, HLA, Genetics, Sahara. Atchano, Malta
Effect of mesenchymal stem cell-incorporated hydroxyapatite-collagen scaffold on tissue repair in acute spinal cord injury, and the mechanism involved
Authors: Yao Zhipeng , Liu Wenge , Song Chenyang 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To study the effect of hydroxyapatite-collagen (HC) scaffold with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on tissue repair in acute spinal cord injury (SCI).Method: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 - 230 g were randomly divided into two groups implanted either with bone marrow-MSCs (experimental group) or HC scaffold alone (control group). Spinal cord injury was induced using laminectomy, resulting in a 2.0-mm gap at T10 of the spinal cord. The gap was filled in both groups with 2-mm HC scaffold at day 10 of culture. Cellular development, viability, and proliferation inside the scaffold were determined. Angiogenesis was determined by measuring fibronectin (FN) immunofluorescence, von Willebrand factor (vWF), hypoxiainducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Results: HC scaffold strengthened MSCs. Bone marrow MSCs exhibited no statistically significant difference when compared with cells in culture at day 10 (47.03 ± 3.135 %, p > 0.05). Moreover, on days 5 and 10, FN deposition was higher in MSCs with scaffold than in scaffold-free MSCs. The expressions of FN, vWF, HIF-1α and VEGF were positively correlated, indicating that incorporation of HC scaffold into MSCs significantly improved tissue repair by improving angiogenesis via a differentiation process (p < 0.001).Conclusion: These findings suggest that HC scaffold with MSCs is a potential therapeutic procedure for spinal cord injury.
Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells, Hydroxyapatite-collagen, Spinal cord injury, HC scaffold
Table of Contents
Authors: Journals Europasian 
Published: July 2020

Editorial

Cool Parent Syndrome; Redefining Cool

Ganesh Amgain

Original Articles

Treatment of Chalazian: a Comparative Cross-sectional Study

Binita Bhattarai, Koshal Shrestha, Sushila Patel, Laxmi Devi Manandhar, Rosy Karki, Nanda Gurung

Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Ropivacaine over Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Spinal Anaesthesia

Ramesh Ghimire, Madhu Gyawali

Knowledge and Attitude on Abortion among women of reproductive age group attending Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal

Laxmi Adhikari, Isha Karmacharya, Netra Bahadur Karki, Sandhya Shrestha

Nasal index among Students of People’s Dental College and Hospital

Mangesh Bajracharya , Samjhana Sharma

Knowledge and Attitude on Organ Donation among Nursing Students of a College in Biratnagar

Binu Limbu, Saraswati Basnet, Suvekshya Silwal

Spinal Anesthesia for Removal of Thoraco-Lumbar Pedicle Screw

Nirmal Kumar Gyawali

Impact of Pharmacist Counselling on Medication Adherence among Elderly Patients on Antihypertensive Therapy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal

Sumitra Shrestha, Renu Karki, Mamita Ghimire

Pain in Separation of the Molars among the Orthodontic patients

Pushkar Manandhar, Anjana Rajbhandari, Resina Pradhan, Manju Bajracharya, Surendra Maharjan

Effects of Food Habits on Menstrual Cycle among Adolescent Girls

Kapil Amgain, Sujana Neupane

Review Articles

Embalming – History to its Recent Advancements

Sunil Shrestha, Saru Bhattarai, Samyog Mahat, Manisha Jha, Kapil Amgain

Viewpoints

Community Dermatology: Necessity or Hype?

Rushma Shrestha, Niraj Parajuli, Anupama Karki

Conference Reports

Attending 5th Varian Oncology Summit 2019: Learning Experiences as a Medical Physicist

Venugopal Sudaram
Peranan Guru dalam Menangani Pelanggaran Disiplin Siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Islamiyah Kuala Lahang Kecamatan Gaung
Authors: Nurvadila Nurvadila 
Published: July 2020

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana peranan guru dalam menangani pelanggaran disiplin siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Islamiyah Kuala Lahang Kecamatan Gaung dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peranan guru dalam menangani pelanggaran disiplin siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Islamiyah Kuala Lahang Kecamatan Gaung.
Subjek Dalam Penelitian Ini Adalah Guru. Sedangkan yang menjadi objek dalam penelitian ini adalah peranan guru dalam menangani pelanggaran disiplin siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi yaitu 6 orang wali kelas, wawancara kepala sekolah, BK, waka kesiswaan, walikelas dan dokumentasi. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dan dideskripsikan dengan pola pikir Induktif Deduktif. Selanjutnya data Kualitatif akan diubah ke dalam angka dengan menggnaakan rumus persentase.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari Peranan guru dalam menangani pelanggaran disiplin siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Islamiyah Kuala Lahang Kecamatan Gaung dengan persentase 61,1% dikategorikan “Baik” karena berada pada interval 61% - 80%.
Pengaruh Penerapan Kurikulum 2013 Terhadap Kinerja Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar Swasta 021 Pisifera PT. Bumi Palma Lestari Persadarumbai Jaya Kecamatan Kempas
Authors: Nur Kamaliah 
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan Kurikulum 2013 guru Pendidikan Agama Islam kelas tinggi yaitu IV,V,VI. Untuk mengetahui kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Islam kelas tinggi yaitu IV, V, VI. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Kurikulum 2013 terhadap kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Islam kelas tinggi yaitu IV,V,VI.
Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 1 orang guru Pendidikan Agama Islam. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya data yang terkumpul dianalisa dengan menggunakan rumus persentase dan regresi sederhana.
Hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Penerapan Kurikulum 2013 Pendidikan Agama Islam, mencapai angka 68,06% dan dikategorikan baik, karena angka 68,06% terletak pada interval 61% - 80%. Kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Islam, mencapai angka 72,22% dan dikategorikan baik, karena angka 72,22% terletak pada interval 61% - 80%.Terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara penerapan Kurikulum 2013 terhadap kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Islam.
PENANGANAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG
Authors: Hambali Burdin 
Published: July 2020

Human trafficking (perdagangan manusia) saat ini telah menjadi salah satu masalah global, dan telah dimaksukan sebagai salah satu bentuk kejahatan lintas negara (transnational crime), yang teroganisir secara rapi (organized crime) dan terjadi di seluruh dunia.
Permasalahan perdagangan manusia (TPPO) menjadi perhatian semua pihak. Dunia internasional pun menaruh perhatian dengan dibentuknya organisasi internasional, seperti IOM, demikian juga Non Government Organization (NGO) tumbuh di negara berkembang yang sangat peduli terhadap masalah kemanusian ini.