bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Economic Assessment of Electric Two-wheeler and Impact of Policy Instruments in Indian Sub-nationals
Authors: Sunanda B.V. , Parchure Rajas 
Published: December 2024

Conventional fuel-based vehicles are one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Transport sector, therefore, has a huge negative impact on the environment. Electric vehicles (EVs) are perceived as highly promising innovations in environmentally conscious transportation solutions to address pollution and energy demand in the transport sector. The present study focused on carrying out an in-depth economic assessment of EVs across sub-national regions in India. It aims to assess the efficacy of the already implemented policy measures, including subsidies and incentives, while looking at those factors that promote the successful integration of EVs into the various regional frameworks. An analysis of this nature is very important because it will give the practical and financial feasibility of EVs in a country characterised by enormous regional economic disparities. A prime approach of this research is the total cost of ownership method, which fully works out the cost per kilometre for EVs vis-à-vis conventional fuel-based two-wheelers over a 15-year life cycle. The analysis includes initial purchase cost, operating and maintenance (O&M) costs and the cost of battery replacement which are calculated at the present value. Additionally, the authors incorporate sensitivity analysis to understand the impact of government’s incentive to promote EVs demand. The sensitivity analysis presents that due to differences in fuel prices, tax structure and subsidy rates, there is a high disparity in cost-effectiveness of electric scooter ownership. Notably, cost per kilometre of EVs is less expensive than petrol variants in most of the tested scenarios which entails the lack of subsidies. This analysis can aid policymakers in developing more tailor-made policies that enhance the economic viability of the EV option, considering regional factors and existing fiscal tools.
Cutting Force Modeling Considering Wiper Edge Cutting Effect During Face Milling of 316H Stainless Steel and Experimental Verification
Authors: Li Xiuru , Yang Quanwei , Liu Yu , Wei Zhaocheng , Guo Jiang , Wang Minjie , Liu Shengxian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWiper tools are revered for their capacity to simultaneously achieve high-quality and high-efficient machining. Nonetheless, the cutting mechanism of wiper tools remains unclear, and the cutting force prediction model of wiper tools has not been reported, leading to severe wear of the bottom wiper edge and unstable cutting in machining processes. In this study, the cutting mechanism of wiper tools is systematically analyzed, and the mechanistic cutting force model considering the wiper edge cutting effect was established. The cutting force coefficients were calibrated by the cutting force separation method, which can quickly calibrate the cutting force coefficients for the flank cutting region dominated by the shear effect, the bottom cutting region dominated by the shear effect, and the bottom wiper region dominated by plough effect. Compared with measured cutting forces, the maximum average absolute errors in the predicted forces are 9.2 %, 7.6 %, and 9.3 % in the x, y, and z directions, respectively. Furthermore, the feed rate and the length of the wiper edge were primary determinants of the bottom-edge cutting forces. This study provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the wear mechanism and design of wiper tools.
Review on Control Strategies for Cable-Driven Parallel Robots with Model Uncertainties
Authors: Jin Xiang , Zhang Haifeng , Wang Liqing , Li Qinchuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) use cables instead of the rigid limbs of traditional parallel robots, thus processing a large potential workspace, easy to assemble and disassemble characteristics, and with applications in numerous fields. However, owing to the influence of cable flexibility and nonlinear friction, model uncertainties are difficult to eliminate from the control design. Hence, in this study, the model uncertainties of CDPRs are first analyzed based on a brief introduction to related research. Control strategies for CDPRs with model uncertainties are then reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of several control strategies for CDPRS are discussed through traditional control strategies with kinematic and dynamic uncertainties. Compared with these traditional control strategies, deep reinforcement learning and model predictive control have received widespread attention in recent years owing to their model independence and recursive feasibility with constraint limits. A comprehensive review and brief analysis of current advances in these two control strategies for CDPRs with model uncertainties are presented, concluding with discussions regarding development directions.
Hybrid Robotic Arm for Autonomous Aerial Refueling
Authors: Li Kaixuan , Liu Gangfeng , Gao Yongsheng , Zhao Jie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAutonomous aerial refueling technology is gaining increasing attention to enhance aircraft combat capabilities. Current research on autonomous refueling focuses mainly on flight control laws, with little attention to the automation of refueling pipes. This leads to high demands on control law performance and navigation accuracy, making it difficult to ensure reliability. To address this, we propose a robotic arm system capable of automatic docking during the flexible aerial refueling process. The system uses a conical kinematic space configuration, offering enhanced stability and impact resistance. The frame-type structure achieves a lightweight design. Additionally, we establish a single-objective optimization model for the connecting rod dimensions and apply a genetic algorithm (GA) for their optimization. We also propose a trajectory-fitting calibration theory based on the robotic arm’s special configuration and complete its movement accuracy calibration using a laser tracker. This calibration method reduces the robotic arm’s motion error by 71%, achieving an absolute positioning accuracy better than 3.5 mm, which meets the requirements for autonomous aerial refueling. In summary, this research presents a hybrid robotic arm that meets automatic docking requirements, offering a new approach to autonomous aerial refueling.
Needleless graft preparation for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with 4-strand semitendinosus autograft: a biomechanical in vitro study using a porcine model
Authors: Melcher Peter , Schleifenbaum Stefan , Youssef Yasmin , Rolzhäuser Philipp , Hepp Pierre , Theopold Jan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are common injuries. Reconstruction using autologous grafts is recommended to prevent further damage and functional impairment. Grafts are usually prepared with stabilizing sutures. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a 4-strand semitendinosus autograft preparation technique is non-inferior to conventional preparation techniques with regard to maximum tensile strength threshold.

Methods
Fresh porcine flexor tendons were used as specimens in this study. Four different preparation techniques for quadruple-folded tendons were compared. Group 1 three suture FiberWire® (n = 20) and Group 2 one suture FiberWire® (n = 20) using Krakow stitches, Group 3 (n = 10) using SPEEDTRAP® and piercing the autograft and 4 (n = 9) using SPEEDTRAP® without piercing the autograft for preparation. Biomechanical tensile testing included 50 sinusoidal cycles of preloading between 50 and 150 N at 1 Hz and load-to-failure was measured at 20 mm/min.

Results
Failure at the maximum load occurred at the filament for all samples, whereas failure of the suture/tendon interface was not observed. Load-to-failure was significantly higher in Group 1 (711 ± 91 N) than in all other groups. When comparing groups 2–4 load-to-failure was significantly higher in Group 2 (347 ± 24 N) than in Group 3 (258 ± 25 N, p < 0.02) but not than in Group 4 (325 ± 26N).

Conclusion
In all 4 Groups the load to failure was higher than the maximum tension force on the construct that will be applied by hand (182N). Therefore, the needleless preparation technique seems to be a valuable alternative to conventional techniques for the insertion of the graft into the joint during joint-near tibial fixation technique.
The oncogenic lncRNA MIR503HG suppresses cellular senescence counteracting supraphysiological androgen treatment in prostate cancer
Authors: Kallenbach Julia , Rasa Mahdi , Heidari Horestani Mehdi , Atri Roozbahani Golnaz , Schindler Katrin , Baniahmad Aria 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, plays a key role in regulating prostate cancer (PCa) growth. The novel bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) uses supraphysiological androgen levels (SAL) that suppresses growth of PCa cells and induces cellular senescence functioning as a tumor suppressive mechanism. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of SAL-mediated senescence remains unclear. This study focuses on the SAL-repressed lncRNA MIR503HG, examining its involvement in androgen-controlled cellular senescence in PCa.

Methods
Transcriptome and ChIP-Seq analyses of PCa cells treated with SAL were conducted to identify SAL-downregulated lncRNAs. Expression levels of MIR503HG were analyzed in 691 PCa patient tumor samples, mouse xenograft tumors and treated patient-derived xenografts. Knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed to assess the role of MIR503HG in cellular senescence and proliferation using senescence-associated β-Gal assays, qRT-PCRs, and Western blotting. The activity of MIR503HG was confirmed in PCa tumor spheroids.

Results
A large patient cohort analysis shows that MIR503HG is overexpressed in metastatic PCa and is associated with reduced patient survival, indicating its potential oncogenic role. Notably, SAL treatment suppresses MIR503HG expression across four different PCa cell lines and patient-derived xenografts but interestingly not in the senescence-resistant LNCaP Abl EnzaR cells. Functional assays reveal that MIR503HG promotes PCa cell proliferation and inhibits SAL-mediated cellular senescence, partly through miR-424-5p. Mechanistic analyses and rescue experiments indicate that MIR503HG regulates the AKT-p70S6K and the p15INK4b-pRb pathway. Reduced expression of MIR503HG by SAL or knockdown resulted in decreased BRCA2 levels suggesting a role in DNA repair mechanisms and potential implications for PARP inhibitor sensitivity by SAL used in BAT clinical trial.

Conclusions
The lncRNA MIR503HG acts as an oncogenic regulator in PCa by repressing cellular senescence. SAL-induced suppression of MIR503HG enhances the tumor-suppressive effects of AR signaling, suggesting that MIR503HG could serve as a biomarker for BAT responsiveness and as a target for combination therapies with PARP inhibitors.
Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke with tenecteplase in a developing country: challenges and experience from a prospective observational study
Authors: Basantani Neeraj , Gupta Vijay Kumar , Kumar Sanjay , Narang Amit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Context
This study will emphasise the importance of Tenecteplase being ideally suited as a first-choice drug for thrombolysis in AIS in developing countries, considering the numerous challenges which are faced in these parts of the world.

Aim
To observe the effectiveness of Tenecteplase as a thrombolytic agent in AIS and also estimate the pre-hospital and in-hospital time delays in the treatment of such patients.

Material and methods
Eighteen patients with non-haemorrhagic strokes who presented within the window period were included. Eight patients were thrombolysed with Tenecteplase after due consent and ruling out contraindications. Reasons for the time delay, Ictus to Needle time and NIHSS scores were noted in each case.

Results
The mean time from onset of symptoms to arrival at the hospital was 2.06 (± 1.08) h while the mean ictus to needle time was 4.29 (± 0.20) h The delay in carrying out a CT scan in these patients was 47.5 (± 16.69) min and mean time taken in procuring Tenecteplase was 27.5 (± 18.51) min. All patients were thrombolysed within 4.5 h of the onset of stroke and seven patients had statistically significant improved NIHSS scores in the post-thrombolysis period.

Conclusions
This paper highlights the constraints in the management of AIS in a developing country, where late presentation is the norm. In-hospital delays lead to diminishing window period available for thrombolysis. This paper highlights the successful use of Tenecteplase even in the late window period and emphasises Tenecteplase as a highly effective thrombolytic agent of choice in our setting. Further studies are likely to confirm these observations in the future.
Biophysical and biochemical study exploring resveratrol protective potential against gamma irradiation effects
Authors: Hamieda Shimaa Farag , Hassan Amal I. , Saied Mona 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Gamma irradiation causes oxidative stress and disturbs the physiological balance in organisms. Natural antioxidants, like resveratrol (Res), can buffer these effects. The study's goal is to find out whether Res can help reverse changes caused by gamma irradiation in male Wistar rats' total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzyme activity, electrolyte levels, and hemoglobin structure.

Methods
Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control, Res-treated, irradiated, and Res + irradiated. Blood and tissue samples were collected on the day 16th of the experiment. The levels of antioxidants, catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated along with electrolyte level measurements. UV–FTIR and dielectric spectroscopy were used to assess conformational changes in hemoglobin.

Results
Gamma irradiation decreased antioxidant levels and increased markers of oxidative stress. Resveratrol treatment increased the antioxidant capacity and levels of nitric oxide and decreased malondialdehyde levels. Further, Res protected the structure of hemoglobin and decreased the radiation-induced damage.

Conclusion
Resveratrol shows potential as a protective agent against gamma irradiation-induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant defenses and restoring hemoglobin structure.
Finerenone: a breakthrough mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for heart failure, diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Pradhan Akshyaya , Tripathi Umesh Chandra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Aldosterone is categorized as a mineralocorticoid hormone produced in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone has considerable action in sodium and water retention along with cardiac remodeling, promoting fibrosis and these detrimental effects have been counteracted by mineralocorticoid receptors antagonists over time. Spironolactone, a non-selective steroidal MRA used extensively is potent but has serious adverse effects like gynecomastia and hyperkalemia. Eplerenone another second generation MRA, though non-steroidal and selective causes hyperkalemia and adversely effecting renal functions.

Main body
Recently Finerenone- a novel MRA has been introduced which is as potent like spironolactone with less adverse effects and improved cardiovascular outcomes particularly in chronic kidney failure with diabetes. The article reviews the physical and chemical properties of Finerenone and compares it with MRAs already in use, and then about the patient specific uses of Finerenone and future avenues of it. Finerenone is non-steroidal selective MRA, with promising results in improving the deterioration of renal functions in CKD with DM, reducing albuminuria with less hyperkalemia along with improvement in cardiovascular outcomes by reducing heart failure events.

Conclusion
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have a proven role in preventing the adverse effects of RAAS pathway on heart, kidneys and blood vessels. Non-selective steroidal MRAs have potent action but by virtue of their non-selectivity associated with adverse effects like gynecomastia, hirsutism along with hyperkalemia Finerenone is novel non-steroidal & highly selective MRA, with promising results in halting the deterioration of renal functions in CKD with DM, reducing albuminuria, improvement in cardiovascular outcomes by reducing heart failure events albeit with less hyperkalemia. More randomized studies in dedicated HF patients are ongoing with Finerenone to prove it is worth in this sector with huge unmet need despite GDMT. Finerenone alleviates the risk of adverse renal and cardiac outcomes in patients with diabetes and CKD despite baseline medical therapy.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts: heterogeneity, tumorigenicity and therapeutic targets
Authors: Lv Keke , He Tianlin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCancer, characterized by its immune evasion, active metabolism, and heightened proliferation, comprises both stroma and cells. Although the research has always focused on parenchymal cells, the non-parenchymal components must not be overlooked. Targeting cancer parenchymal cells has proven to be a formidable challenge, yielding limited success on a broad scale. The tumor microenvironment(TME), a critical niche for cancer cell survival, presents a novel way for cancer treatment. Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), as a main component of TME, is a dynamically evolving, dual-functioning stromal cell. Furthermore, their biological activities span the entire spectrum of tumor development, metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis. A thorough understanding of CAFs functions and therapeutic advances holds significant clinical implications. In this review, we underscore the heterogeneity of CAFs by elaborating on their origins, types and function. Most importantly, by elucidating the direct or indirect crosstalk between CAFs and immune cells, the extracellular matrix, and cancer cells, we emphasize the tumorigenicity of CAFs in cancer. Finally, we highlight the challenges encountered in the exploration of CAFs and list targeted therapies for CAF, which have implications for clinical treatment.
Frequency and patterns of substance-induced psychosis in persons with concurrent mental health and substance use disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Norwegian register-based cohort study
Authors: Leonhardt Marja , Bramness Jørgen G. , Rognli Eline Borger , Lien Lars 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Substance use may be associated with the onset of psychotic symptoms, necessitating treatment for individuals with comorbid mental health and substance use disorders (MHD/SUD). COVID-19 significantly impacted individuals with MHD/SUD, reducing access to appropriate care and treatment. Changes in drug availability and prices during the pandemic may have influenced drug consumption. This study aimed to determine the frequency of substance-induced psychosis (SIP) during COVID-19 among individuals with MHD/SUD and to explore substance fidelity by following patterns of SIP over time.

Method
In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from all individuals with MHD/SUD registered in 2019–2021 in the Norwegian Patient Register. We used graphical approaches, descriptives, and Poisson regression to study occurrence and risk of SIP episodes in the three-year observation period. Sankey diagrams were used to examine trajectories of psychotic episodes induced by various substances.

Results
Despite a decrease in individuals diagnosed with SIP during COVID-19, SIP episodes increased overall. We observed a decline in cannabis-induced psychosis, but a rise in SIP episodes involving amphetamines and multiple substances. Among individuals with recurrent SIP episodes, the psychosis was more often induced by different substances during COVID-19 (2020: RR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.34–1.67]; 2021: RR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.16–1.46]) than in 2019.

Conclusion
During COVID-19, fewer individuals were hospitalized with SIP, but those patients experienced more episodes. There were fewer cannabis-induced psychotic episodes, but more SIP hospitalizations caused by central stimulants and more SIP diagnoses caused by different substances, possibly reflecting changes in drug availability and pricing.
Phenotypes Associated With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Risk Variants
Authors: Tidwell Anna , Zhu Jia , Battiola Tess , Welt Corrine K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 10% of women of reproductive age. The genetic architecture of the disease is emerging, but there is little data exploring the effect of genetic risk on clinical presentation.

Objective
We hypothesized that genetic risk loci would influence measurable phenotypic traits.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study, conducted at an academic medical center, included women of European ancestry with PCOS (n = 404), as diagnosed by the National Institutes of Health criteria, and controls with regular menses and no hyperandrogenism (n = 408). We identified association between genetic risk variants and measured phenotypic traits using linear regression.

Results
In a combined analysis of cases and controls, 2 variants in loci containing the genes PRSS23 (P &lt; .001) and FSHB (P &lt; .001) were associated with gonadotropin levels. Two variants in loci containing NEIL2/GATA4 (P = .002) and CYP3 (P &lt; .001) were associated with androgen levels. Three variants in loci containing SHBG (P = .001), ZBTB16 (P &lt; .001), and CYP3 (P &lt; .001) were associated with ovarian morphology. One variant in the locus containing FTO (P = .001) was associated with hip circumference and was influenced by body mass index.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that PCOS genetic risk variants may influence hormone levels and ovarian morphology and increase the risk of obesity. Increased genetic risk for PCOS appears to drive traits that underly the classical clinical presentation of PCOS.
Counterfeit Detectors: The Literary Origins of the US Secret Service
Authors: Barosky Todd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the US Secret Service, a federal agency created during the Civil War to protect the greenback against counterfeiters, and its literary origins. It explores an overlooked chapter in the history of American crime and detective fiction, one that has special relevance today with the rise of cryptocurrencies. The author argues that Secret Service agents who turned authors, as well as professional writers enlisted to support the agency, between 1865 and 1920 developed a unique version of the detective narrative with a particular ideological function: to discredit counterfeiting as a politically subversive act and to legitimize the configurations of political and economic power consolidated by the federal government in the decades following the Civil War. Cast as a literary detective, the Secret Service agent is interchangeable with any other agent, ubiquitous across space and time, and possesses unimpeachable integrity—and so embodies the very attributes that gave the greenback its value as a fiat currency. The Secret Service narrative transforms detective fiction into a celebration of a nationalism that links patriotic sentiments to recently created symbols of federal authority and redefines popular sovereignty as a passive, sympathetic identification with dutiful federal agents, who collectively stand before the reader as the personification of an implacable and alienated state power.