bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is BMI Higher in Younger Patients with COVID‐19? Association Between BMI and COVID‐19 Hospitalization by Age
Authors: Bhasin Ajay , Nam Hannah , Yeh Chen , Lee Jungwha , Liebovitz David , Achenbach Chad 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveObesity has been found to be a risk factor for hospitalization with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). This study investigated whether patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 differed in BMI at older versus younger ages and whether trends were independent of diabetes and hypertension.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of patients hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID‐19 at Northwestern Memorial Hospital from March 19, 2020, until April 4, 2020, was performed. Patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 above and below the age of 50 were compared as well as those hospitalized without COVID‐19.ResultsPatients younger than 50 years of age hospitalized with COVID‐19 without diabetes or hypertension had mean BMI greater than those older than 50 years of age, with BMI 43.1 (95% CI: 34.5‐51.7) versus 30.1 (95% CI: 27.7‐32.5) (P = 0.02). Furthermore, BMI appeared to inversely correlate with increasing age among patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. We did not detect the same difference or trend for patients hospitalized without COVID‐19.ConclusionsYounger patients (age < 50 years) with COVID‐19 had higher mean BMI than older patients with COVID‐19, with and without diabetes and hypertension. This trend did not exist in patients without COVID‐19 hospitalized during the same time period.
Do intravenous fluid substitutions influence methotrexate clearance? An unanticipated impact of an intravenous sodium bicarbonate drug shortage
Authors: Mangum Ross , Bernhardt M. Brooke , Cheng W. Susan , Schafer Eric S. , Berg Stacey L. , Foster Jennifer H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNational drug shortages of essential medications for childhood cancer have increasingly posed a challenge in the treatment of patients. The efficacy of standardized supportive care practices to avoid treatment‐related toxicities may be limited during these drug shortages. High‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) plays a critical role in modern treatment protocols for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and requires stringent supportive care measures to mitigate toxicity. As the result of a national intravenous (IV) sodium bicarbonate shortage, institutional standard HDMTX supportive care guidelines had to be modified. We describe the unanticipated consequences on HDMTX clearance.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review assessing the impact of alternative compositions of IV fluids on the mean 24‐h methotrexate levels (Cpss) of 25 patients receiving 76 total HDMTX infusions at Texas Children's Hospital Cancer Center from March to October 2017. During the sodium bicarbonate drug shortage, all patients received IV hydration consisting of either dextrose 5%, 0.45% normal saline (D5 ½ NS—Group A) or dextrose 5%, 0.2% normal saline (D5 ¼ NS—Group B).ResultsPatients receiving a higher total sodium dose demonstrated significantly lower Cpss (25.36 ± 16.6 μMol) compared to patients receiving less sodium (53.9 ± 37.9 μMol; P < .001).ConclusionsOur report shows that in the setting of IV sodium bicarbonate shortage, the composition of hydration IV fluids may affect methotrexate clearance. Patient who received a higher sodium load had a lower 24‐h methotrexate level. This demonstrates the potential for unanticipated outcomes resulting from national drug shortages.
Novel therapies for treatment of resistant and refractory nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Laudone Thomas W. , Garner Lauren , Kam Charissa W. , Esther Charles R. , McKinzie Cameron J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRespiratory infections caused by non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a major cause of morbidity for patients living with cystic fibrosis (CF), as NTM pulmonary disease (NTM‐PD) is challenging to both diagnose and eradicate. Despite the lengthy courses of the established regimens recommended by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) and European Cystic Fibrosis Society (ECFS) consensus guidelines, only about 50% to 60% of patients achieve culture conversion, and treatment regimens are often complicated by antibiotic resistance and toxicities. Since publication of the CFF/ECFS guidelines, several new or alternative antibiotic regimens have been described for patients with CF who have NTM‐PD. These regimens offer new options for patients who do not clear NTM with standard therapies or cannot utilize the usual regimens due to toxicities or drug‐drug interactions.
Leaderless and leader‐following fixed‐time consensus for multiagent systems via impulsive control
Authors: Zhai Xiaoqin , Wen Guoguang , Peng Zhaoxia , Zhang Xianghang 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article addresses the leaderless fixed‐time consensus (LLFTC) and leader‐following fixed‐time consensus (LFFTC) problems for multiagent systems (MASs) via impulsive control. First, a novel fixed‐time stability for impulsive dynamical system is developed. Then the novel fixed‐time impulsive control protocols are designed to achieve leaderless and leader‐following consensus for MASs. Based on the impulsive control theory, fixed‐time stability theory and algebraic graph theory, some sufficient conditions are derived for each agent to achieve LLFTC and LFFTC under the proposed control protocols. Finally, numerical simulations are put forward to validate the theoretical results.
Biological response to 5 years of operations of cascade rubber dams in a plateau urban river, China
Authors: Mao Xufeng , Wei Xiaoyan , Engel Bernard , Wang Wenying , Jin Xin , Jin Yanxiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAquatic ecosystem response to dam construction and operation is an important concern, but systematic assessment of impacts induced by cascade small rubber dams are seriously lacking. In this study, the Huangshui River in Qinghai Province was selected to investigate biological response to small cascade rubber dams. Two years of monitoring data in 2018 and 2019 were utilized to quantify the variation of five kinds of aquatic organisms. Results indicate continuous rubber dams produced significant changes to hydrological regimes of rivers, especially for high flow seasons, and further affect aquatic biological populations and structures of the river. (a) The biodiversity and biomass of plankton increased by 8.0 times and 1.8 times, respectively; the biomass of fish and benthic animals were enhanced by 3.2 and 2.1 times, respectively, but the species richness decreased by 30% on average. Native fish are completely replaced by exotic fish, and benthic animals are changing towards singularity; (b) The surface and bottom food chains of the river gradually become dominant, and the disappearance of native fish in the middle layer caused the exchange flow in the middle layer to decrease rapidly, which leads to a dumbbell‐shaped distribution structure of biomass; (c) The regulation services of rivers have also undergone huge changes. N2O and CH4 emissions from dammed areas have increased by 10.1 times, and the water purification function varied in different dammed areas.
Carbon Dots as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl Solution
Authors: Saraswat Vandana , Yadav Mahendra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo carbon dots namely, S, N co‐doped (CD1) and N doped (CD2) were synthesized by solvothermal treatment of pyromelletic acid in presence of thiourea, urea and DETA at 180 °C. The synthesized carbon dots were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The dimension of synthesized carbon dots were found in the range of 1.63 nm to 2 nm with significant graphitic carbons. These carbon dots (CD1 and CD2) were used as green corrosion inhibitor to mitigate corrosion of mild steel (MS) in 15 % HCl solution using gravimetric and electrochemical methods. Studied carbon dots, CD1 and CD2 exhibited inhibition efficiency of 96.40 and 90.00 %, respectively, at 100 ppm concentration and 303 K temperature. The observed corrosion inhibition occurs due to adsorption of the carbon dots to the MS surface. Both the carbon dots follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and show physisorption on the MS surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to study the morphology of the uninhibited and inhibited surface of the sample. The interaction of the carbon dots and composition of adsorbed layer on the MS surface was confirmed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS analysis revealed that heteroatoms present in the structural moiety of the carbon dots efficiently binds on the MS surface.
Colorimetric Detection of Copper(II) Ions Using Schiff‐Base Derivatives
Authors: Aydin Ziya , Keles Mustafa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo new Schiff base derivatives N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐((2‐(phenylthio) phenyl)imino)propenyl)aniline (CSP) and 2‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl) allylidene) amino)benzenethiol (CSH) were synthesized. Sensing mechanism of the sensors was investigated using UV‐Vis spectroscopy in the presence of various metal ions. The sensor CSP shows high sensitivity and selectivity to Cu2+ over a wide range of other metal ions in acetonitrile (ACN)/water (H2O) (v/v 2 : 1). The sensor CSP can detect Cu2+ ions by color change from yellow to pink. The complex stoichiometry between the sensor, CSP, and Cu2+ was found to be 2 : 1 and the binding constant was calculated to be 2.40 × 1010 M−2. The absorbance detection limit of CSP for Cu2+ was determined as 2.85 × 10−6 M. The sensor, CSP, was also applied to real samples successfully.
Salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase daily profiles and stress responses to an academic performance test and a moral cognition task in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Anesiadou Sophia , Makris Gerasimos , Michou Maria , Bali Paraskevi , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Apostolakou Filia , Korkoliakou Panagiota , Papageorgiou Charalampos , Chrousos George , Pervanidou Panagiota 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is evidence that children with neurodevelopmental disorders may exhibit atypical responses to stress and alterations in concentrations and diurnal secretion of stress hormones. We assessed diurnal profiles and stress responses of salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase (sAA) in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific learning disorder (SLD) compared to typically developing children (TD). A total of 157 children of both sexes, aged between 6 and 12 years old, took part in the study distributed into four groups: ADHD (N = 34), ASD (N = 56), SLD (N = 43) and TD (N = 24). Salivary samples were collected at three time points during a day, as well as before and 5 min after an academic performance test and a moral cognition task. ADHD children had lower evening and diurnal sAA levels, adjusted for age. Also, ASD children showed lower diurnal sAA secretion, adjusted for age. The mean percentage change for salivary cortisol and sAA after both tests did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, we demonstrated alterations in diurnal autonomic functioning in children with ADHD and ASD, while hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning did not differ between the clinical and the comparison groups.
Charge Reversion Simultaneously Enhances Tumor Accumulation and Cell Uptake of Layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrids for Effective Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Liu Jianping , Wu Yilun , Fu Changkui , Li Bei , Li Li , Zhang Run , Xu Tiefeng , Xu Zhi Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanotheranostics have been actively sought in precision nanomedicine in recent years. However, insufficient tumor accumulation and limited cell uptake often impede the nanotheranostic efficacy. Herein, pH‐sensitive charge‐reversible polymer‐coated layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanohybrids are devised to possess long circulation in blood but reserve surface charges in the weakly acidic tumor tissue to re‐expose therapeutic LDH nanoparticles for enhanced tumor accumulation and cell uptake. In vitro experimental data demonstrate that charge‐reversible nanohybrids mitigate the cell uptake in physiological conditions (pH 7.4), but remarkably facilitate internalization by tumor cells after charge reversion in the weakly acidic environment (pH 6.8). More significantly, about 6.0% of injected charge‐reversible nanohybrids accumulate in the tumor tissue at 24 h post injection, far higher than the average accumulation (0.7%) reported elsewhere for nanoparticles. This high tumor accumulation clearly shows the tumor tissues in T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. As a consequence, >95% inhibition of tumor growth in the B16F0‐bearing mouse model is achieved via only one treatment combining RNAi and photothermal therapy under very mild irradiation (808 nm laser, 0.3 W cm−2 for 180 s). The current research thus demonstrates a new strategy to functionalize nanoparticles and simultaneously enhance their tumor accumulation and cell internalization for effective cancer theranostics.
Nanospace‐Confinement Synthesis: Designing High‐Energy Anode Materials toward Ultrastable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Hao , Zhang Haoxuan , Chen Ling , Hu Yanjie , Li Chunzhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExploiting high‐capacity and durable electrode materials is pivotal to developing lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and their applications. Multiscaled nanomaterials have been demonstrated to efficiently couple the advantages of each component on different scales in energy storage fields. However, the precise control of the microstructure remains a great challenge for maximizing their contributions. Nanospace‐confined synthesis provides a proactive strategy to build novel multiscaled nanomaterials with controllable internal void space for circumventing the intrinsic volume effects in the charge/discharge process. Herein, the rational design and synthesis of multiscaled high‐capacity anode materials are mainly summarized according to their electrochemical mechanisms by choosing 1D channel, 2D interlayer, and 3D space as representative confinement reaction environments. The structure–performance relationships are clarified with the assistance of quantitative calculations, molecular simulations, and so forth. Finally, future potentials and challenges of such a synthesis tactic in designing high‐performance electrode materials for next‐generation secondary batteries are outlooked.
Tunable Dual‐Emission in Monodispersed Sb3+/Mn2+ Codoped Cs2NaInCl6 Perovskite Nanocrystals through an Energy Transfer Process
Authors: Liu Xingyi , Xu Xi , Li Ben , Yang Lanlan , Li Qi , Jiang Hong , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDouble halide perovskites are a class of promising semiconductors applied in photocatalysis, photovoltaic devices, and emitters to replace lead halide perovskites, owing to their nontoxicity and chemical stability. However, most double perovskites always exhibit low photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) due to the indirect bandgap structure or parity‐forbidden transition problem, limiting their further applications. Herein, the self‐trapped excitons emission of Cs2NaInCl6 by Sb‐doping, showing a blue emission with high PLQE of 84%, is improved. Further, Sb/Mn codoped Cs2NaInCl6 nanocrystals are successfully synthesized by the hot‐injection method, showing a tunable dual‐emission covering the white‐light spectrum. The studies of PL properties and dynamics reveal that an energy transfer process can occur between the self‐trapped excitons and dopants (Mn2+). The work provides a new perspective to design novel lead‐free double perovskites for realizing a unique white‐light emission.
A robust framework for cloud‐based software development outsourcing factors using analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Azeem , Khan Arif Ali , Mahmood Sajjad , Alsanad Ahmed , Gumaei Abdu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractManaging the cloud‐based software development outsourcing (CSDO) activities across the geographically distributed development sites are much challenging. This study aims to identify the success factors (SFs) for CSDO and prioritize them based on their significance. To achieve this objective, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) and survey study with industrial and academic experts. Finally, we applied the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to develop the framework based on the prioritization of the identified SFs. We believe that the findings of this study will assist the industry practitioners and researchers in developing effective strategies for the successful implementation of CSDO activities.
Razorback Sucker Movement Strategies across a River–Reservoir Habitat Complex
Authors: Pennock Casey A. , McKinstry Mark C. , Gido Keith B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRazorback SuckerXyrauchen texanusoccur in reservoir and riverine habitats in the Colorado River basin, with some individuals aggregating at river–reservoir inflows. To assess use of inflow areas and potential environmental correlates with fish movement among reservoir and river habitats, we used a passive receiver array to monitor location and movements (n = 69) and depth (n = 19) of acoustic‐ and PIT‐tagged fish in Lake Powell from April 2018 to March 2019. Acoustic receivers were deployed along 18 km of the San Juan River–Lake Powell inflow area, and a PIT tag antenna was deployed below a waterfall that impedes all upstream movement approximately 30 km upstream of the inflow area. Fish were detected moving between the inflow area and the river in all seasons except winter. Fifty‐eight percent of fish moved from the reservoir and were detected upstream at the waterfall, while 42% of fish appeared to remain within the reservoir. These reservoir‐resident fish moved long distances (hundreds of kilometers) but had relatively small linear home ranges (<18 km). On average, fish moved farthest and home range size was largest from April to September, and seasonal differences corresponded with differences in the number of fish detected. River discharge was relatively constant, and monthly distance moved was positively correlated with monthly river temperature, suggesting temperature alone might cue movements. Fish were detected at depths of 5.7 m but generally remained in shallow water (<2 m). Causal mechanisms that drive habitat use by adult fish are unclear but likely involve intraspecific differences in response to resource needs. We hypothesize that reservoirs provide warmer temperatures for longer periods of the year relative to regulated rivers, which might benefit warmwater fishes. Understanding the importance of movement among river and reservoir habitats might further conservation efforts by encouraging inclusion of reservoir habitats in management plans.
Optimal gestational age at delivery in isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Bouchghoul H. , Dumery G. , Russo F. M. , Cordier A. G. , Le Sache N. , Debeer A. , Decaluwe H. , Fouquet V. , Senat M. V. , Deprest J. , Benachi A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the morbidity and mortality of neonates with left‐sided isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) according to gestational age at delivery.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of fetuses diagnosed prenatally with isolated left‐sided CDH that were delivered in the University Hospitals of Antoine Béclère‐Bicêtre and Leuven between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2018. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate cumulative survival at 28 days after birth according to gestational age at delivery. The association between gestational age at delivery, as a continuous variable, and survival at 28 days was modeled using a fractional polynomial. Adjustment for position of the liver, management center and mode of delivery was performed. The association was also evaluated according to the severity of CDH, as defined by the observed‐to‐expected lung‐to‐head ratio (o/e‐LHR), which was classified as severe (o/e‐LHR < 25%), moderate (o/e‐LHR between 25% and 45%) or mild (o/e‐LHR > 45%).ResultsWe included 213 fetuses with isolated left‐sided CDH, with a median gestational age at delivery of 38 + 2 weeks (interquartile range, 37 + 0 to 39 + 1 weeks). The survival rates at 28 days and at 6 months were 66.7% (142/213) and 64.3% (137/213), respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a higher survival rate at 28 days for babies delivered between 37 + 0 and 38 + 6 weeks than for those delivered at or after 39 + 0 weeks (log‐rank test, P < 0.001). In the subgroup of moderate CDH, the 28‐day survival rate was significantly higher in newborns delivered between 37 + 0 and 38 + 6 weeks than in those delivered at or after 39 + 0 weeks (81.5% vs 61.5%; P = 0.03), and this was also the case for survival rate at 6 months. In the subgroup with moderate CDH, 28‐day survival significantly increased with advancing gestational age at birth up to about 38–39 weeks (P = 0.005), and significantly decreased from 39 weeks onwards.ConclusionDelivery between 37 + 0 and 38 + 6 weeks’ gestation is associated with a higher survival rate at 28 days in neonates with isolated left‐sided CDH and moderate lung hypoplasia, independently of intrathoracic liver, management center and mode of delivery. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Effects of hydrodynamics on the cross‐sectional distribution and transport of plastic in an urban coastal river
Authors: Haberstroh Charlotte J. , Arias Mauricio E. , Yin Zhewen , Wang Michael Cai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms of plastic transport in rivers remain an important knowledge gap in global plastic pollution research and management. We investigated how river flows and plastics' properties affect transport with a five‐point cross‐sectional field study in the Hillsborough River in Tampa (Florida, USA) using a 500‐µm Neuston net and an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. We conducted in‐depth analysis of water velocity profiles as well as plastics' concentrations and properties, determining advective, vertical, and lateral transport fluxes. Under calm flow conditions, advective fluxes were two orders of magnitude higher than lateral and vertical fluxes. Under turbulent conditions, enhanced particle exchange in the cross‐section resulted in a three to tenfold increase in lateral and vertical plastic fluxes. The impact of turbulence on plastic particles depended on properties such as size, shape, and composition. This study presents a unique assessment of flow conditions driving plastic pollution in an urban coastal river setting.Practitioners points

Multipoint, cross‐sectional sampling and onsite flow profile collection should be adopted as a common practice for plastic field data collection to reduce uncertainty.

Varying flow conditions affect the drivers of plastic transport in rivers.

Advective surface fluxes govern plastic transport under calm flow conditions, while turbulent flow conditions enhance cross‐sectional mixing and particle exchange.

Larger and more irregular‐shaped plastics are more affected by turbulence.