bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation history of the Maharlou Lake basin (SW Iran) with special reference to the Achaemenid period (550–330 bc)
Authors: Saeidi Ghavi Andam Sara , Djamali Morteza , Nelle Oliver , Naderi Beni Abdolmajid , Haghighifard Mohamad , Brisset Elodie , Poschlod Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study presents the results of a palynological investigation on a sediment core from the seasonal and saline Lake Maharlou in the Zagros Mountains in southwest Iran. We emphasised studying the role of man in modifying the vegetation of the area and the dominant agricultural practices during the Imperial Persia period (2,500–1,299 calbp; 550bc-ad651), particularly the Achaemenid Empire (2,500–2,280 calbp; 550–330bc). Scattered pistachio-almond scrub combined withQuercus brantiiwas the main vegetation type of the basin during the period studied. The present study depicts a significant increase in agriculture, suggesting urban development during the Late Antiquity and early Islamic Iranian dynasties. The inferred chronology of arboricultural activities is compatible with historical evidence showing that Fars Province witnessed economic and agricultural flourishing during these periods. The presence of the ‘Persian gardens’ is supported by the co-increase of cypress tree pollen frequencies with pollen of other cultivated trees, especiallyPlatanus; both trees were cultivated for their shade and symbolic values. This study also provides pollen evidence ofPunica granatumduring the Achaemenid period andPhoenix dactyliferacultivation during the early post-Sasanian era. The variations in indicator pollen ratios among Poaceae,Artemisia, and Amaranthaceae appear compatible with the palaeohydrology of the basin and show periods of aridity followed by higher moisture availability. We suggest that anthropogenic activities played the leading role in vegetation change in the Maharlou Lake basin enhanced by climatic changes during the last ~4,000 years.
The “hype” of hydrops in classifying vestibular disorders: a narrative review
Authors: van der Lubbe Marly F. J. A. , Vaidyanathan Akshayaa , Van Rompaey Vincent , Postma Alida A. , Bruintjes Tjasse D. , Kimenai Dorien M. , Lambin Philippe , van Hoof Marc , van de Berg Raymond 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Classifying and diagnosing peripheral vestibular disorders based on their symptoms is challenging due to possible symptom overlap or atypical clinical presentation. To improve the diagnostic trajectory, gadolinium-based contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear is nowadays frequently used for the in vivo confirmation of endolymphatic hydrops in humans. However, hydrops is visualized in both healthy subjects and patients with vestibular disorders, which might make the clinical value of hydrops detection on MRI questionable.

Objective
To investigate the diagnostic value of clinical and radiological features, including the in vivo visualization of endolymphatic hydrops, for the classification and diagnosis of vestibular disorders.

Methods
A literature search was performed in February and March 2019 to estimate the prevalence of various features in healthy subjects and in common vestibular disorders to make a graphical comparison between healthy and abnormal.

Results
Of the features studied, hydrops was found to be a highly prevalent feature in Menière’s disease (99.4%). Though, hydrops has also a relatively high prevalence in patients with vestibular schwannoma (48.2%) and in healthy temporal bones (12.5%) as well. In patients diagnosed with (definite or probable) Menière’s disease, hydrops is less frequently diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging compared to the histological confirmation (82.3% versus 99.4%). The mean prevalence of radiologically diagnosed hydrops was 31% in healthy subjects, 28.1% in patients with vestibular migraine, and 25.9% in patients with vestibular schwannoma. An interesting finding was an absolute difference in hydrops prevalence between the two diagnostic techniques (histology and radiology) of 25.2% in patients with Menière’s disease and 29% in patients with vestibular schwannoma.

Conclusions
Although the visualization of hydrops has a high diagnostic value in patients with definite Menière’s disease, it is important to appreciate the relatively high prevalence of hydrops in healthy populations and other vestibular disorders. Endolymphatic hydrops is not a pathognomic phenomenon, and detecting hydrops should not directly indicate a diagnosis of Menière’s disease. Both symptom-driven and hydrops-based classification systems have disadvantages. Therefore, it might be worth to explore features “beyond” hydrops. New analysis techniques, such as Radiomics, might play an essential role in (re)classifying vestibular disorders in the future.
Energy and caloric restriction, and fasting and cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Ibrahim Ezzeldin M. , Al-Foheidi Meteb H. , Al-Mansour Mubarak M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDietary interventions have a significant impact on body metabolism. The sensitivity of cancer cells to nutrient and energy deficiency is an evolving characteristic of cancer biology. Preclinical studies provided robust evidence that energy and caloric restrictions could hinder both cancer growth and progression, besides enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Moreover, several, albeit low-powered, clinical trials have demonstrated clinical benefits in cancer patients. Future research will inform and firmly establish the potential efficacy and safety of these dietary interventions. Here, we review the current evidence and ongoing research investigating the relationship between various dietary restriction approaches and cancer outcomes.
Life with chronic pain during COVID-19 lockdown: the case of patients with small fibre neuropathy and chronic migraine
Authors: Consonni Monica , Telesca Alessandra , Grazzi Licia , Cazzato Daniele , Lauria Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed at investigating the impact of COVID-19-related distress on patients with chronic pain, highlighting the effects of changes in individual habits and public health care reconfiguration on physical and psychological health.MethodsDuring the pandemic, 80 participants (25 patients with small fibre neuropathy (SFN), 42 patients with chronic migraine (CM) and 13 patients’ healthy family members (HFM)) were asked to evaluate their COVID-19 complains, changes in habits and clinical management, behaviour, mood, loneliness, quality of life (QoL), physical and mental health and coping strategies. Data were analysed by Spearman rho correlations and Mann-WhitneyUtests.ResultsPatients had lower QoL, lower physical health and higher catastrophizing attitude towards pain than HFM. During the pandemic, SFN patients referred greater decline in clinical symptoms, worries about contagion and discomfort for disease management changes than CM patients. In the SFN group, the higher levels of disability were associated with suffering from changes in neurologist-patient relationship. CM patients complained of agitation/anxiety that was related to feelings of loneliness, depressive mood and catastrophism.DiscussionDespite similar complains of change in habits and worries about COVID-19 pandemic, SFN and CM patients had distinct reactions. In SFN patients, pandemic distress impacted on physical health with worsening of clinical conditions, especially suffering from changes in their care. In CM patients, pandemic distress affected behaviour, mainly with psychological frailty. This suggests the need to customize public health care for patients with distinct chronic pain conditions.
Defeasibility, Law, and Argumentation: A Critical View from an Interpretative Standpoint
Authors: Poggi Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe phenomenon of defeasibility has long been a central theme in legal literature. This essay aims to shed new light on that phenomenon by clarifying some fundamental conceptual issues. First, the most widespread definition of legal defeasibility is examined and criticized. The essay shows that such a definition is poorly constructed, inaccurate and generates many problems. Indeed, the definition hides the close relationship between legal defeasibility and legal interpretation. Second, this essay argues that no new definition is needed. I will show that from an interpretative standpoint, there is nothing special about legal defeasibility. Contrary to what some authors maintain, no unique or privileged source of legal defeasibility exists, nor are there privileged arguments to justify it. Specifically, legal defeasibility refers to interpretative outcomes deriving from interpretative arguments that, on the one hand, are very different from one another, and, on the other, are often employed to justify different interpretative outcomes. In the legal field, the problems related to defeasibility have little in common with the problems that this label covers in other areas—such as logic or epistemology—and they are nothing but the well-known problems related to legal interpretation. In conclusion, this paper argues that as far as legal argumentation is concerned, the notion of legal defeasibility lacks explanatory power, and it should be abandoned.
Targeted Proteomics Reveals Inflammatory Pathways that Classify Immune Dysregulation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Berbers Roos-Marijn , Drylewicz Julia , Ellerbroek Pauline M. , van Montfrans Joris M. , Dalm Virgil A. S. H. , van Hagen P. Martin , Keller Baerbel , Warnatz Klaus , van de Ven Annick , van Laar Jaap M. , Nierkens Stefan , Leavis Helen L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPatients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) can develop immune dysregulation complications such as autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, enteritis, and malignancy, which cause significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to (i) assess the potential of serum proteomics in stratifying patients with immune dysregulation using two independent cohorts and (ii) identify cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways that underlie immune dysregulation in CVID. A panel of 180 markers was measured in two multicenter CVID cohorts using Olink Protein Extension Assay technology. A classification algorithm was trained to distinguish CVID with immune dysregulation (CVIDid, n = 14) from CVID with infections only (CVIDio, n = 16) in the training cohort, and validated on a second testing cohort (CVIDid n = 23, CVIDio n = 24). Differential expression in both cohorts was used to determine relevant signaling pathways. An elastic net classifier using MILR1, LILRB4, IL10, IL12RB1, and CD83 could discriminate between CVIDid and CVIDio patients with a sensitivity of 0.83, specificity of 0.75, and area under the curve of 0.73 in an independent testing cohort. Activated pathways (fold change > 1.5, FDR-adjusted p < 0.05) in CVIDid included Th1 and Th17-associated signaling, as well as IL10 and other immune regulatory markers (LAG3, TNFRSF9, CD83). Targeted serum proteomics provided an accurate and reproducible tool to discriminate between patients with CVIDid and CVIDio. Cytokine profiles provided insight into activation of Th1 and Th17 pathways and indicate a possible role for chronic inflammation and exhaustion in immune dysregulation. These findings serve as a first step towards the development of biomarkers for immune dysregulation in CVID.
Management of sellar and parasellar tumors becoming symptomatic during pregnancy: a practical algorithm based on multi-center experience and systematic literature review
Authors: Zoli Matteo , Guaraldi Federica , Zoia Cesare , La Corte Emanuele , Asioli Sofia , Bongetta Daniele , Rustici Arianna , Mazzatenta Diego 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Sellar/parasellar tumors (SPTs) very rarely become symptomatic during pregnancy. No specific guidelines exist for their management, that is extremely challenging as mother and fetus health can be jeopardized.

Materials and methods
Data of patients with SPTs becoming symptomatic during pregnancy treated at two Italian referral Centers were retrospectively collected. Systematic literature review was also performed.

Results
Our series consisted of 6 cases, 3 meningiomas, 1 ACTH-secreting adenoma, 1 pituicytoma and 1 craniopharyngioma. Mean age at presentation was 33.6 ± 6.0 years. Five patients complained of visual disturbances, associated with headache in one case, that occurred between gestation week (GW) 22 and 34. In 5 cases, pregnancy was uneventful with the delivery of a healthy baby between GW 33 and 35, followed by endoscopic surgical tumor exeresis (n = 4) or proton bean therapy (n = 1). Another patient presented with stigmata typical of Cushing’s syndrome and rapidly worsening pre-eclampsia, that required pregnancy interruption and adenomectomy. Based on personal and literature cases, a practical algorithm was proposed to help clinicians dealing with these patients.

Conclusions
SPTs becoming symptomatic in pregnancy deserve careful monitoring and multidisciplinary management. Overall, wait-and-see approach is suggested, reserving surgery to patients with rapidly progressive/life-threatening situations, significant risk of permanent neurological impairment or malignant lesions.
Plasma dilution improves cognition and attenuates neuroinflammation in old mice
Authors: Mehdipour Melod , Mehdipour Taha , Skinner Colin M. , Wong Nathan , Liu Chao , Chen Chia-Chien , Jeon Ok Hee , Zuo Yi , Conboy Michael J. , Conboy Irina M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur recent study has established that young blood factors are not causal, nor necessary, for the systemic rejuvenation of mammalian tissues. Instead, a procedure referred to as neutral blood exchange (NBE) that resets signaling milieu to a pro-regenerative state through dilution of old plasma, enhanced the health and repair of the muscle and liver, and promoted better hippocampal neurogenesis in 2-year-old mice (Mehdipour et al., Aging 12:8790–8819, 2020). Here we expand the rejuvenative phenotypes of NBE, focusing on the brain. Namely, our results demonstrate that old mice perform much better in novel object and novel texture (whisker discrimination) tests after a single NBE, which is accompanied by reduced neuroinflammation (less-activated CD68+ microglia). Evidence against attenuation/dilution of peripheral senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) as the main mechanism behind NBE was that the senolytic ABT 263 had limited effects on neuroinflammation and did not enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in the old mice. Interestingly, peripherally acting ABT 263 and NBE both diminished SA-βGal signal in the old brain, demonstrating that peripheral senescence propagates to the brain, but NBE was more robustly rejuvenative than ABT 263, suggesting that rejuvenation was not simply by reducing senescence. Explaining the mechanism of the positive effects of NBE on the brain, our comparative proteomics analysis demonstrated that dilution of old blood plasma yields an increase in the determinants of brain maintenance and repair in mice and in people. These findings confirm the paradigm of rejuvenation through dilution of age-elevated systemic factors and extrapolate it to brain health and function.
Informing designs for learning when shifting to digital
Authors: Hrastinski Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is a response and considers practical and design implications of the article, The process of designing for learning: understanding university teachers’ design work by Bennett et al. (Educ Technol Res Dev 65:125–145, 2017). Bennett et al. guide us in better understanding teachers’ design practices and in discussions on how such practices could be improved. A key contribution of the article is presenting a descriptive model of the design process. As such, the article is focused on teachers’ current design work, while giving more limited attention to how teachers’ design practice could be improved. When looking forward, this response emphasizes that teachers should be encouraged to inform their designs for learning and iteratively improve their designs based on reflection and evaluation. If teachers take time to look into what is known and deliberately learn more along the way through reflection and evaluation, they will improve their understanding of how to design for learning.
Sexualität bei Menschen mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störung und ihre Bedeutung für die forensische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Authors: Turner Daniel , Schöttle Daniel , Briken Peer 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungMenschen mit einer Autismus-Spektrum-Störung zeigen die gesamte Vielfalt sexueller Fantasien und sexuellen Verhaltens ebenso wie ihre nichtbetroffenen Peers. Dennoch finden sich auch einige Besonderheiten in sexuellem Erleben und Verhalten bei Menschen mit einer Autismus-Spektrum-Störung, die größtenteils auf die störungsspezifischen Symptome zurückzuführen sind. Hierzu zählen eine höhere Diversität bezüglich der eigenen sexuellen Orientierung sowie des eigenen Geschlechtsrollenverständnisses, aber auch Probleme im Hinblick auf das Eingehen von festen Partnerschaften oder im Hinblick auf die eigene sexuelle Funktionsfähigkeit. Darüber hinaus finden sich bei manchen Personen mit einer Autismus-Spektrum-Störung (insbesondere bei Männern) Hinweise auf das Vorliegen hypersexueller Verhaltensweisen sowie paraphiler sexueller Fantasien und Verhaltensweisen. Bisher existieren keine empirischen Befunde, die nahelegen, dass eine Autismus-Spektrum-Störung einen Risikofaktor für allgemeine oder sexuelle Straffälligkeit darstellt. Basierend auf Fallstudien wurden jedoch einige Erklärungsansätze publiziert, die beschreiben, wie in einigen wenigen Fällen die autismusspezifische Symptomatik mit zu der Begehung einer Straftat beigetragen haben könnte, was auch bei der Schuldfähigkeitsbegutachtung Berücksichtigung finden könnte. Hierzu zählen eine fehlende Opferempathie, das Vorliegen kognitiver Verzerrungen oder defizitäre Kommunikations- und Interaktionsfertigkeiten. Straftäter mit einer Autismus-Spektrum-Störung sollten individuell auf sie zugeschnittenen psycho- und pharmakotherapeutischen Interventionen zugeführt werden, um eine erneute Straffälligkeit im besten Falle zu verhindern.
Ethnic Differences in Bone Microarchitecture
Authors: Durdin Ruth , Parsons Camille M , Dennison Elaine , Harvey Nicholas C , Cooper Cyrus , Ward Kate 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
The aim of this review is to briefly introduce updates in global fracture epidemiology and then to highlight recent contributions to understanding ethnic differences in bone density, geometry and microarchitecture and consider how these might contribute to differences in fracture risk. The review focuses on studies using peripheral quantitative computed tomography techniques.

Recent Findings
Recent studies have contributed to our understanding of the differences in fracture incidence both between countries, as well as between ethnic groups living within the same country. In terms of understanding the reasons for ethnic differences in fracture incidence, advanced imaging techniques continue to increase our understanding, though there remain relatively few studies.

Summary
It is a priority to continue to understand the epidemiology, and changes in the patterns of, fracture, as well as the underlying phenotypic and biological reasons for the ethnic differences which are observed.
Water use governance in a temperate region: Implications for agricultural climate change adaptation in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Schattman Rachel E. , Niles Meredith T. , Aitken Hannah M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate change and access to water are interrelated concerns for agriculture and other sectors, even in temperate regions. Governance approaches and regulatory frameworks determine who has access to water, for what purpose, and when. In the northeastern United States, water governance has historically been conducted by states through a combination of statutory guidance and common law. However, it is unclear what effect if current governance approaches will be sufficient for achieving resource conservation and equitable allocation in a changing climate. To provide insight into these issues, we conducted the first review of freshwater governance in the 12 states that comprise the U.S. Northeast. Specifically, we examine their heterogeneous approaches to surface and groundwater use, permitting and reporting, and scarcity provisions. Using agriculture as the sector of focus, we show through narrative review and quantitative analysis that change in the proportion of cropland that is irrigated in each state does not differ based on governance approach. We also suggest that future decades may bring regulatory shifts relevant to agriculture, changes in enforcement, increased competition between agriculture and other users, and greater potential competition between states for water resources. This case study raises the question: how should we prepare for the time when competition for, or degradation of, a resource surpasses the ability of existing governance mechanisms to ensure conservation and equitable distribution?
Robust state dependent Riccati equation variable impedance control for robotic force-tracking tasks
Authors: Roveda Loris , Piga Dario 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIndustrial robots are increasingly used in highly flexible interaction tasks, where the intrinsic variability makes difficult to pre-program the manipulator for all the different scenarios. In such applications, interaction environments are commonly (partially) unknown to the robot, requiring the implemented controllers to take in charge for the stability of the interaction. While standard controllers are sensor-based, there is a growing need to make sensorless robots (i.e., most of the commercial robots are not equipped with force/torque sensors) able to sense the environment, properly reacting to the established interaction. This paper proposes a new methodology to sensorless force control manipulators. On the basis of sensorless Cartesian impedance control, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is designed to estimate the interaction exchanged between the robot and the environment. Such an estimation is then used in order to close a robust high-performance force loop, designed exploiting a variable impedance control and a State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) force controller. The described approach has been validated in simulations. A Franka EMIKA panda robot has been considered as a test platform. A probing task involving different materials (i.e., with different stiffness properties) has been considered to show the capabilities of the developed EKF (able to converge with limited errors) and controller (preserving stability and avoiding overshoots). The proposed controller has been compared with an LQR controller to show its improved performance.