bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telaah Penafsiran Quraish Shihab dan Wahbah Al-Zuhaily dalam Kasus Jilbab
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

This research is a comparative research of two different views of Muslim scholars (ulema) on hijab. This article aims to discover the interpretations of the two, the differences in their interpretation methodologies, as well as the fundamental reasons underlying their different opinions. This research is library research employing a qualitative approach. The documentation method was used as a data collection technique, in which the information relevant to the research questions was gathered from books and manuscripts. The results showed that one Muslim scholar, M. Quraish Shihab, perceives hijab as a part of clothing that suits only certain regional cultures; thus, it should not be subject to other cultural standards. He defines “what may be visible” as parts of the body above the neck, under the arms, and below the knees. Wearing tight clothes showing body curves and made of transparent materials is not advised. In contrast, Wahbah Al-Zuhayli argues that the hijab is mandatory for every Muslim woman to distinguish between slaves and free women. He perceives that all parts of a woman’s body are “aurah” (forbidden to be exposed), including the face, which is the center of a woman’s beauty. Thus, the face should also not be exposed. Only the scarf and outer garment are allowed to be shown. Despite having different opinions about the hijab, the two scholars agree that the hijab can minimize the risks of sexual harassment against women. AbstrakArtikel ini merupakan studi komparatif terhadap dua pandangan ulama yang berbeda atas persoalan penggunaan jilbab oleh muslimah. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menemukan perbedaan dalam metodologi penafsiran dan interpretasi kedua sarjana tersebut, serta untuk mengungkap penyebab yang mendasari perbedaan pendapat mereka. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan merupakan penelitian kepustakaan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi, dimana data dikumpulkan dari buku-buku dan manuskrip yang relevan dengan pertanyaan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa M. Quraish Shihab memersepsikan hijab sebagai pakaian yang sesuai dengan budaya daerah tertentu, dan tidak boleh tunduk pada standar budaya lain. Ia mengartikan “apa yang tampak” sebagai bagian tubuh di atas leher, di bawah lengan, dan di bawah lutut. Pakaian tidak boleh ketat untuk memperlihatkan lekuk tubuh, dan tidak boleh dibuat dari bahan tembus pandang. Menurut Wahbah Al-Zuhayli, hijab merupakan kewajiban bagi setiap muslimah, karena membedakan antara budak dan wanita merdeka. Ia menilai setiap bagian dari seorang wanita adalah aurah, termasuk wajah, yang merupakan pusat kecantikan. Yang tampak bukan wajahnya, melainkan selendang dan baju luar. Meski kedua ulama ini memiliki pendapat yang berbeda-beda tentang hijab, mereka sepakat bahwa hijab adalah penutup yang digunakan oleh umat Islam yang dapat meminimalkan pelecehan terhadap perempuan.
Verbalisasi Al-Qur’an: Metode Tafsir Kontekstual Berbasis Kelisanan Al-Qur’an (Studi Qs. Al-baqarah: 256 tentang Pemaksaan Agama)
Authors: Alwi HS Muhammad , Parningsih Iin 
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the verbalization of the Quran as a method of understanding the contextual Quran based on orality, with a focus on Surah Al-Baqarah [2]: 256. This method aims to create a mutual understanding among people that have been polarized these days due to different opinions. The verbalization of the Quran has a very strong epistemology in the history of understanding the Quran because it is based on the orality of the Quran, which was the initial and original form of the Quran when it was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW and spread to the Arab community. Surah Al-Baqarah [2]: 256 was revealed as a response to two utterances spoken in different contexts but essentially share the same illocution, namely a rejection to the coercions of certain religions. This contextual understanding has been verbalized and reflected in Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights; Paragraph 1 of Article 28E in the 1945 Constitution of Republic Indonesia; Article 28 I in the 1945 Constitution of Republic Indonesia; Paragraph 2 of Article 29 in the 1945 Constitution of Republic Indonesia – all of which indicate the attempts to reject forced religious conversion in Indonesia. AbstrakArtikel ini mendiskusikan tentang Verbalisasi Al-Qur’an sebagai metode pemahaman kontekstual Al-Qur’an dengan berbasis kelisanan, yang berfokus pada QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 256. Metode Verbalisasi Al-Qur’an ini hadir sebagai upaya menghubungkan pemahaman antar berbagai kelompok yang selama ini terkotak-kotakkan. Verbalisasi Al-Qur’an memiliki epistemologi yang sangat kuat dalam tradisi pemahaman Al-Qur’an, hal ini karena Verbalisasi Al-Qur’an berangkat dari kelisanan Al-Qur’an yang merupakan bentuk awal sekaligus jati diri Al-Qur’an ketika pertama kali disampaikan pada era pewahyuan, dari Nabi Muhammad SAW kepada Masyarakat Arab. Dalam kasus QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 256, ia disampaikan sebagai respon penolakan terhadap keinginan dua lawan tutur dan konteks tuturan yang berbeda, tetapi mengandung pemahaman yang sama, yakni penolakan atas tindakan pemaksaan agama tertentu. Pemahaman yang kontekstual tersebut dapat diverbalisasikan ke dalam bentuk UU Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang HAM, UUD 1945 dalam pasal 28E ayat 1, UU 1945 dalam pasal 28 I, dan UUD 1945 pada pasal 29 ayat (2), yang semuanya adalah upaya penolakan atas tindakan pemaksaan untuk memeluk agama tertentu dalam konteks di Indonesia.
THE LEGAL AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP)
Authors: Barbieri Massimo 
Published: December 2020

The identification of the closest prior art is a good starting point for
evaluating the legal and the economic value of an intellectual property
(IP) asset. The next step is the evaluation of the patentability
requirements (novelty, inventive step and industrial application).
Other factors to be taken into consideration are: potential market,
development stage, time to market, product lifecycle, technology risk,
detectability, design arounds and product value.
License agreements are the best way to ascribe value to an academic
invention.
Participation in Boys & Girls Clubs Of Winnipeg is Associated With Health, Social and Education Outcomes Among First Nation Children
Authors: Enns Jennifer , Brownell Marni , Nickel Nathan , O’Laney Kim , Murdock Nora , Sarkar Joykrishna , Burland Elaine , Chartier Mariette , Chateau Dan , Katz Alan 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe Boys & Girls Clubs of Winnipeg (BGCW) provide out-of-school programs to children and youth living in low-income neighbourhoods in Winnipeg, Canada. These programs aim to set participants on a path to success by supporting healthy behaviours, academic achievement and social skills. First Nation children and youth make up a substantial proportion of BGCW participants, but there are few empirical data available on how the programs influence health, social and education outcomes in this population.
Objectives and ApproachWe linked BGCW attendance records for all Manitoba children born 1987-2010 to the individual-level administrative health, social and education data in the population-based Data Repository at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy in Winnipeg. The comparison group of non-participants was matched on age and neighbourhood of residence. We narrowed the cohort to First Nation participants by linking to datasets containing First Nation identifiers. Education outcomes were examined using a generalized additive model, and health and justice system outcomes with a time-to-event model, adjusted for socioeconomic status, mother's mental health and age at first birth, and involvement in the child welfare system.
Results3,754 First Nation children and youth participated in BGCW from 2005-2016. The comparison group comprised 23,593 First Nation children and youth. Greater BGCW participation was associated with higher likelihood of performing well in grade 3 numeracy, but not other education outcomes (grade 3 reading, grade 7 student engagement or mathematics, grade 7/8 reading/writing, or graduating high school). Greater BGCW participation was also associated with lower risk of becoming involved with the justice system among youth aged 12-17 (i.e., lower risk of being charged with a crime) and with lower risk of teen pregnancy.
Conclusion / ImplicationsParticipation in BGCW programs may contribute to improved health, justice and education outcomes for First Nation children and youth in Winnipeg.
An Evaluation of Linked Administrative Data for Cancer Clinical Trial Economic Analysis
Authors: Hanna Timothy P , Nguyen Paul , Pater Joe , O’Callaghan Christopher J , Mittmann Nicole , Earle Craig C , Tu Dongsheng , Jonker Derek , Hay Annette 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionEconomic analyses of well-conducted clinical trials are critical to rational health policy that informs value-based decision making. Trial economic analyses, such as cost-effectiveness analysis, often rely on trial-collected data, which are burdensome and expensive to collect. In contrast, administrative databases systematically collect health system encounters and are available at low cost for nearly all patients with cancer in Ontario, Canada, and many other jurisdictions.
Objectives and ApproachWe investigated whether administrative data could improve the performance of trial economic analysis. Health administrative data were probabilistically linked to 148 Ontario patients from the Canadian Cancer Trials Group CO.17 trial (n=572), which evaluated cetuximab plus best supportive care (n=75) versus best supportive care alone (n=73) in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Trial-collected resource utilization data and vital status were compared with administrative data. Cost-effectiveness in 2007 Canadian dollars according to administrative data was determined with bootstrap incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) confidence intervals (CIs).
ResultsUp to trial date of last contact, administrative data vital status was concordant in >96%. Twenty-nine subsequent deaths occurred. Up to trial last contact, there were 50 net additional hospitalizations and 33 net additional emergency department visits in administrative data. Total costs were $3,023,034 for the cetuximab group and $1,191,118 for the control group up to trial last contact. ICER was $211,128 per life-year gained (90% CI: $101,396 to $694,950) up to trial last contact and $164,378 (90% CI: -$138,260 to $644,555) up to administrative data last contact. ICER estimates were similar to analyses using trial-collected data.
Conclusion/ImplicationsAdministrative data were more complete than trial data for hospital encounters, a key cost driver in economic analysis and there was longer follow-up. This study demonstrates the potential of administrative data to relieve the burden of collecting key data in cancer trials, which represents considerable effort and expense.
Statistic Canada’s Longitudinal Social Data Development Program (LSDDP)
Authors: Le Moullec Jenneke 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionStatistics Canada has a long and reputable history of data linkage and an established Social Data Linkage Environment (SDLE). Under the agency’s modernization agenda the Longitudinal Social Data Development Program (LSDDP) exemplifies the agency’s efforts to position linkable administrative data as central in the field of social statistics. This is in response to the call for better longitudinal and intersectional social measures in an increasingly complex society.
Objectives and ApproachThis presentation will include a detailed description of the LSDDP’s research and development activities which are centered on a linkable pseudonymised administrative data-first approach to social measures in the areas of longitudinal life-course analysis and intersectional social measures. The approach builds on existing activities flowing out of the Social Data Linkage Environment (SDLE), but with a more systematized, deliberate, and replicable approach; a set of analytical tools and processes.
ResultsThe presentation will describe the following aspects of the LSDDP’s work:

Responsible research and development under the principles of necessity and proportionality

Data development and data structure

Intersectional social indicators

Methods and applied research in life-course analysis

Conclusion / ImplicationsThe LSDDP presents a seismic opportunity responding to the need for holistic and multi-dimensional measurement of society that considers social progress and well-being as it relates to the interrelationships over time among social domains. In absence of longitudinal survey data such approach enables the staying upstream of social issues as well as the identification of intervention points for programs, policies, and other initiatives.
Mortality Risk and The Progression of The Electronic Frailty Index and Hospital Frailty Risk Score Over Time
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , Watkins Alan 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe electronic Frailty Index (eFI) and the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) have been developed in primary and secondary care respectively.
Objectives and ApproachOur objective was to investigate how frailty progresses over time, and to include the progression of frailty in a survival analysis.To do this, we performed a retrospective cohort study using linked data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank, comprising 445,771 people aged 65-95 living in Wales (United Kingdom) on 1st January 2010. We calculated frailty, using both the eFI and HFRS, for individuals at quarterly intervals for 8 years with a total of 11,702,242 observations.
ResultsWe created a transition matrix for frailty states determined by the eFI (states: fit, mild, moderate, severe) and HFRS (states: no score, low, intermediate, high), with death as an absorbing state. The matrix revealed that frailty progressed over time, but that on a quarterly basis it was most likely that an individual remained in the same state.
We calculated Hazard Ratios (HRs) using time dependent Cox models for mortality, with adjustments for age, gender and deprivation. Independent eFI and HFRS models showed increased risk of mortality as frailty severity increased. A combined eFI and HFRS revealed the highest risk was primarily determined by the HFRS and revealed further subgroups of individuals at increased risk of an adverse outcome. For example, the HRs (95% Confidence Interval) for individuals with an eFI as fit, mild, moderate and severe with a high HFRS were 18.11 [17.25,19.02], 20.58 [19.93,21.24], 21.45 [20.85,22.07] and 23.04 [22.34,23.76] respectively with eFI fit and no HFRS score as the reference category.
ConclusionFrailty was found to vary over time, with progression likely in the 8-year time-frame analysed. We refined HR estimates of the eFI and HFRS for mortality by including time dependent covariates.
Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viral Infections (HIV, HBV, HCV) Among People Seeking Fertility Services in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rachlis Beth , Candido Elisa , Shapiro Heather , Ishiguro Lisa , Kwong Jeff 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe Applied Health Research Question (AHRQ) portfolio is an initiative funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health. Knowledge users submit AHRQ requests to use administrative health data to inform their planning, policy and program development.
Objectives and ApproachA request to estimate prevalence and incidence of blood-borne viral infections (BBVI) among individuals seeking fertility treatment services was approved by the ICES AHRQ team. To determine whether current BBVI testing guidelines are effective for timely identification of BBVI among individuals undergoing fertility treatment, this AHRQ sought to estimate: a) the testing prevalence for BBVI (using viral hepatitis as a proxy for all BBVI including HIV), and b) BBVI incidence over a five-year follow-up period. We used infertility codes billed by gynecologists and urologists to identify individuals seeking fertility treatment between April 1, 2002 and March 31, 2013. We looked forward five years from a first BBVI test billed by a physician and assessed annual and cumulative testing prevalence and incidence of viral hepatitis and HIV using rule-based administrative algorithms.
ResultsIn total, 184,328 individuals (61.6% female) were included. The five-year BBVI testing prevalence was 45.5% and the median number of tests was 2 (interquartile range: 2-3). An estimated 949 new cases (48% diagnosed within 12 months of first BBVI test) of viral hepatitis were identified in the five-year follow-up with a cumulative incidence of 522 (95%CI 489-556) per 100,000 population. There were 57 new HIV cases (68% diagnosed within 12 months of first BBVI test) with a cumulative incidence of 31.4 (95%CI 23.7-40.6) per 100,000. The median times from first BBVI test to hepatitis and HIV diagnoses were 13.0 months (IQR 2.33-32.2) and 3.0 months (IQR 1.34-20.0), respectively.
Conclusion / ImplicationsThese findings can be used to develop evidence-based BBVI testing guidelines for individuals seeking fertility treatment services.
Do Predictors of Children’s Special Educational Needs in Grade 3 Differ by Special Needs Status in Kindergarten in Ontario, Canada?
Authors: Mir Hafsa , Reid-Westoby Caroline , Gaskin Ashley , Duku Eric , Janus Magdalena 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionChildren with special educational needs (SEN) often struggle academically. Previous studies found that children’s abilities in kindergarten are predictive of their future SEN status. It is currently unknown whether these predictors differ in children with and without an early identification of a special need in kindergarten (SN-K).
Objectives and ApproachWe investigated early predictors of SEN in Grade 3, in a cohort of Ontario children, with and without SN-K (1,824 and 62,842, respectively), who attended kindergarten between 2003/04 and 2005/06. Early Development Instrument data, a teacher-completed checklist of children’s development, were linked to Grade 3 standardized reading, writing, and mathematics test scores. Controlling for children’s demographics, multivariate binary logistic regressions were conducted examining the association between children’s developmental outcomes, their functional impairments, the necessity for further assessment (all reported by their kindergarten teacher) and their SEN status in Grade 3.
ResultsOverall, 69.8% of children with SN-K had SEN in Grade 3, while 11.6% of children without SN-K had SEN. Our analyses revealed that, for children with SN-K, having a functional impairment was the most significant predictor of having SEN in Grade 3 (Odds Ratio=3.61, 2.59-5.02 95% confidence interval). For children without SN-K, teachers reporting the need for further assessment was the strongest predictor of having SEN in Grade 3 in children without SN-K (Odds Ratio=2.70, 2.49-2.93).
Conclusion / ImplicationsEarly predictors of SEN in Grade 3 differ for children who receive an early identification (SN-K) compared to those who don’t. How children with SN-K function in a classroom is the best predictor of SEN in Grade 3, while teachers’ observation that a child needs further assessment is the strongest predictor of SEN in Grade 3 for those without SN-K. Addressing these areas early on may help reduce the number of children with SEN in later grades and may positively impact their future academic success.
Ethical Data Linkage with Indigenous Communities: The Manitoba Experience
Authors: Katz Alan , Kinew Kathi Avery , Star Leona 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionIndigenous populations are known to have poor health and health outcomes in many countries. Indigenous peoples continue to be the subjects of unethical research. Research that is undertaken without their consent, involvement in the design, delivery and interpretation of results that perpetuates negative stereotypes ignoring the historical and ongoing impacts of colonialism.
Objectives and ApproachIn order to understand the health status and health system use of First Nations people in Manitoba Canada we developed a partnership between the First Nations Social Secretariat of Manitoba and researchers to link First Nations identifiers with administrative data. This partnership was based on long-standing relationships with researchers who were affiliated with the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.
ResultsA tripartite data sharing agreement set out the parameters of sharing data that supported the linkage of the Federal Registered First Nations database to the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. The DSA facilitated direct First Nations input into the indicators chosen, the reporting cohorts, the interpretation of results and the language of the report.
Conclusion / ImplicationsDSAs can be used as a tool to facilitate partnerships with Non-indigenous researchers and Indigenous Nations that lead to meaningful partnerships and lay the foundation for respectful and ethical research. The research presents findings the health of First Nations and shines a light on the underlying colonialism and racism that contributes to the health inequities. These findings have the potential to influence health and well-being of First Nation peoples in Manitoba. This model of collaboration can be used a model in other jurisdictions.
Comparison of Time-Varying and Landmark Analysis Methods in Estimating the Association Between Medication Adherence and Outcomes: A Heart Failure Cohort
Authors: Hsu Benjumin , Jorm Louisa 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading contributor to disease burden worldwide. Older people hospitalized with CVD might experience significant decline in physical function and loss of independence.
Objectives and ApproachThe aim of this study was to investigate the use of community aged care (CAC) and permanent residential aged care (PRAC) services 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after hospital admission for myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and congestive heart failure (CHF). Survey data from the 45 and Up Study (2006-09) for 266,942 people aged 45+ was linked with records for hospital stays (APDC), aged care service use (NACDC), and deaths (RBDM) for 2006-14 through CHeReL and AIHW. Relative risks of using aged care (CAC or PRAC) after MI, stroke or CHF hospitalization were estimated using Cox regression. We described and visualized sequences of health service states (none, re-hospitalization, CAC, PRAC, death) after the index hospitalization.
ResultsCompared with people without MI, people hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of MI (multivariable-adjusted HR:1.11, 95%CI:1.04-1.18), stroke (HR:1.52, 95%CI:1.43-1.61) and CHF (HR:1.12, 95%CI:1.06-1.19) were more likely to use CAC within 3 months of the hospital discharge. Likewise, people with MI (HR:1.16, 95%CI:1.03-1.29), stroke (HR:2.81, 95%CI:2.58-3.05) and CHF (HR:1.36, 95CI:1.24-1.49) were more likely to enter PRAC within 3 months of discharge. Similar findings were observed for 6 months and 12 months. MI, stroke and CHF patients were more likely to die but less likely to be re-hospitalized after the first 3 months. The number use of CAC and PRAC remains unchanged over 12 months. While this study provides a broadly representative sample of the older population, participants may be healthier than the general population.
Conclusion / ImplicationsCVD increases use of community and residential care services. Coordination of cardiac and stroke rehabilitation is warranted to maximize ageing in place.