bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-nucleus transcriptomics reveals functional compartmentalization in syncytial skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Kim Minchul , Franke Vedran , Brandt Bettina , Lowenstein Elijah D. , Schöwel Verena , Spuler Simone , Akalin Altuna , Birchmeier Carmen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSyncytial skeletal muscle cells contain hundreds of nuclei in a shared cytoplasm. We investigated nuclear heterogeneity and transcriptional dynamics in the uninjured and regenerating muscle using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNAseq) of isolated nuclei from muscle fibers. This revealed distinct nuclear subtypes unrelated to fiber type diversity, completely novel subtypes as well as the expected ones at the neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions. In fibers of theMdxdystrophy mouse model, new subtypes emerged, among them nuclei expressing a repair signature that were also abundant in the muscle of dystrophy patients, and a nuclear population associated with necrotic fibers. Finally, modifications of our approach revealed the compartmentalization in the rare and specialized muscle spindle. Our data identifies new nuclear compartments of the myofiber and defines a molecular roadmap for their functional analyses; the data can be freely explored on the MyoExplorer server (https://shiny.mdc-berlin.net/MyoExplorer/).
Transient analysis of computing system with reboot and recovery delay
Authors: Shekhar Chandra , Gupta Amit , Jain Madhu , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a sensitivity analysis of fault-tolerant redundant repairable computing systems with imperfect coverage, reboot and recovery process.Design/methodology/approachIn this investigation, the authors consider the computing system having a finite number of identical working units functioning simultaneously with the provision of standby units. Working and standby units are prone to random failure in nature and are administered by unreliable software, which is also likely to unpredictable failure. The redundant repairable computing system is modeled as a Markovian machine interference problem with exponentially distributed failure rates and service rates. To excerpt the failed unit from the computing system, the system either opts randomized reboot process or leads to recovery delay.FindingsTransient-state probabilities have been determined with which the authors develop various reliability measures, namely reliability/availability, mean time to failure, failure frequency, and so on, and queueing characteristics, namely expected number of failed units, the throughput of the system and so on, for the predictive purpose. To spectacle the practicability of the developed model, a numerical simulation, sensitivity analysis and so on for different parameters have also been done, and the results are summarized in the tables and graphs. The transient results are helpful to analyze the developing model of the system before having the stability of the system. The derived measures give direct insights into parametric decision-making.Social implicationsThe conclusion has been drawn, and future scope is remarked. The present research study would help system analyst and system designer to make a better choice/decision in order to have the economical design and strategy based on the desired mean time to failure, reliability/availability of the systems and other queueing characteristics.Originality/valueDifferent from previous investigations, this studied model provides a more accurate assessment of the computing system compared to uncertain environments based on sensitivity analysis.
Economic policy uncertainty and fine wine prices
Authors: Shankar Nithya , Francis Bill 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) (i.e. uncertainty due to government policies) on fine wine prices.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the Bakeret al.(2016) monthly news-based measure of EPU for the leading wine markets: the USA, the UK, France, Germany and China in conjunction with monthly fine wine pricing data from the London International Vintners Exchange (Liv-ex). The wine sub-indices used are the Liv-ex 500 (Bordeaux), Burgundy 150, Champagne 50, Rhone 100, Italy 100, California 50, Port 50 and Rest of the World 50. The Prais–Winsten and Cochrane–Orcutt regressions are used for our analyses to correct for effects of serial correlation. Time lags are chosen based on the appropriate information criterion.FindingsChanges in EPU levels negatively impact changes in the Liv-ex 500 index for all our leading wine markets except France, the Champagne 50 index for the UK and the Burgundy 150 and the Rhone 100 indices for Germany, with the effects being significant for at least up to a quarter before EPU is detected. The authors did not find significant results for the EPU of France.Practical implicationsThe paper aims to provide insights into whether EPU creates opportunities or threats for investors and wineries.Originality/valueA forward-looking news-based EPU measure is used to gain insights into how the different Liv-ex sub-indices react to increases in uncertainty centered around government policies across a sample of different countries.
Making body work sequences visible: an ethnographic study of acute orthopaedic hospital wards
Authors: Backhouse Tamara , Hammond Simon P. , Cross Jane L. , Lambert Nigel , Varley Anna , Penhale Bridget , Fox Chris , Poland Fiona 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWithin health and social care, academic attention is increasingly paid to understanding the nature and centrality of body work. Relatively little is known about how and where body work specifically fits into the wider work relations that produce it in healthcare settings. We draw on ethnographic observations of staff practice in three National Health Service acute hospital wards in the United Kingdom to make visible the micro‐processes of patient care sequences including both body work and the work contextualising and supporting it. Our data, produced in 2015, show body work interactions in acute care to be critically embedded within a context of initiating, preparing, moving and restoring and proceeding. Shades of privacy and objectification of the body are present throughout these sequences. While accomplishing tasks away from the physical body, staff members must also maintain physical and cognitive work focussed on producing body work. Thus, patient care is necessarily complex, requiring much staff time and energy to deliver it. We argue that by making visible the micro‐processes that hospital patient care depends on, including both body work and the work sequences supporting it, the complex physical and cognitive workload required to deliver care can be better recognised. (A virtual version of this abstract is available at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_979cmCmR9rLrKuD7z0ycA)
The neuronal receptor tyrosine kinase Alk is a target for longevity
Authors: Woodling Nathaniel S. , Aleyakpo Benjamin , Dyson Miranda Claire , Minkley Lucy J. , Rajasingam Arjunan , Dobson Adam J. , Leung Kristie H. C. , Pomposova Simona , Fuentealba Matías , Alic Nazif , Partridge Linda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInhibition of signalling through several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the insulin‐like growth factor receptor and its orthologues, extends healthy lifespan in organisms from diverse evolutionary taxa. This raises the possibility that other RTKs, including those already well studied for their roles in cancer and developmental biology, could be promising targets for extending healthy lifespan. Here, we focus on anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk), an RTK with established roles in nervous system development and in multiple cancers, but whose effects on aging remain unclear. We find that several means of reducing Alk signalling, including mutation of its ligand jelly belly (jeb), RNAi knock‐down of Alk, or expression of dominant‐negative Alk in adult neurons, can extend healthy lifespan in female, but not male, Drosophila. Moreover, reduced Alk signalling preserves neuromuscular function with age, promotes resistance to starvation and xenobiotic stress, and improves night sleep consolidation. We find further that inhibition of Alk signalling in adult neurons modulates the expression of several insulin‐like peptides, providing a potential mechanistic link between neuronal Alk signalling and organism‐wide insulin‐like signalling. Finally, we show that TAE‐684, a small molecule inhibitor of Alk, can extend healthy lifespan in Drosophila, suggesting that the repurposing of Alk inhibitors may be a promising direction for strategies to promote healthy aging.
Plot by Plot: Plotting Urbanism as an Ordinary Process of Urbanisation
Authors: Karaman Ozan , Sawyer Lindsay , Schmid Christian , Wong Kit Ping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith this paper, we analyse an ordinary urban process, which has received little attention so far, and propose a new concept to take account of it: plotting urbanism. It is usually subsumed under terms like “urban informality” or “incremental urbanism” and not studied as a distinct process. In comparing Lagos, Istanbul and Shenzhen we captured four defining features of plotting urbanism: first, it unfolds in a piecemeal fashion with limited comprehensive planning. Second, it emerges from specific territorial compromises often resulting from conflicts between overlapping modes of territorial regulation, land tenure and property rights. Third, plotting is based on commodification of housing and land, which might accentuate socio‐economic differentiations between property‐owners, who often live in the same area, and their tenants. The term “plotting” highlights the key role of the plot in the process. It also alludes to strategic acts of collaboration for individual and collective benefit.
Adult neurodevelopmental services in Singapore: A sociodemographic and clinical profile at a tertiary psychiatric hospital
Authors: Moon James Patrick , Tan Ho Teck , Lam Kwok Foong , Lim Jan Mei , Cheak Ching Cheng , Wei Ker‐Chiah , Sajith Sreedharan Geetha , Chai Suet Bin , Tan Giles Ming Yee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Adult Neurodevelopmental Service in Singapore is the first service of its kind in South‐East Asia for adults with intellectual disability (ID) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, few studies have documented and compared the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical needs of this subpopulation group.MethodsInitial assessments conducted from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed for this descriptive study.ResultsA total of 272 patients were included in the study (mean age 28.3 ± 11.5; 200 males, 72 females). Adults with ID comprised the largest percentage (52.9%), followed by those with ASD (30.2%), and then those with co‐occurring ASD and ID (16.9%). The ASD subgroup had the highest proportion of individuals with employment, postsecondary school education, functional capabilities, and a psychiatric disorder. In comparison, adults with only ID and adults with co‐occurring ASD and ID shared similar lower levels of education and employment, and had a higher proportion of individuals with epilepsy and aggressive behavior.DiscussionIn this study, adults with ASD had a unique social profile with different clinical needs compared to adults with only ID or to adults with co‐occurring ASD and ID. Adults with only ID and those with co‐occurring ASD shared many of the same social characteristics and high clinical needs. The analysis of these profiles will be useful in developing services that better meet the needs of this complex group.
Bayesian inference of causal effects from observational data in Gaussian graphical models
Authors: Castelletti Federico , Consonni Guido 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe assume that multivariate observational data are generated from a distribution whose conditional independencies are encoded in a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). For any given DAG, the causal effect of a variable onto another one can be evaluated through intervention calculus. A DAG is typically not identifiable from observational data alone. However, its Markov equivalence class (a collection of DAGs) can be estimated from the data. As a consequence, for the same intervention a set of causal effects, one for each DAG in the equivalence class, can be evaluated. In this paper, we propose a fully Bayesian methodology to make inference on the causal effects of any intervention in the system. Main features of our method are: (a) both uncertainty on the equivalence class and the causal effects are jointly modeled; (b) priors on the parameters of the modified Cholesky decomposition of the precision matrices across all DAG models are constructively assigned starting from a unique prior on the complete (unrestricted) DAG; (c) an efficient algorithm to sample from the posterior distribution on graph space is adopted; (d) an objective Bayes approach, requiring virtually no user specification, is used throughout. We demonstrate the merits of our methodology in simulation studies, wherein comparisons with current state‐of‐the‐art procedures turn out to be highly satisfactory. Finally we examine a real data set of gene expressions forArabidopsis thaliana.
Clinical outcome of 302 zygomatic implants in 110 patients with a follow‐up between 6 months and 7 years
Authors: Goker Funda , Grecchi Emma , Del Fabbro Massimo , Grecchi Francesco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundZygomatic implant surgery is considered as a safe and successful alternative to the conventional implant surgery with bone grafts for patients with severe atrophic maxilla.PurposeThe aim of this retrospective clinical case series was to report clinical outcome of zygomatic implants with a follow‐up between 6 months and 7 years.Materials and methodsA total of 110 patients with 302 zygomatic implants were included in this study. The intra and postoperative complications and survival rate of zygomatic implants were evaluated.ResultsThe study included 110 consecutively treated patients with an age range of 21 to 76 years (mean 57.35 years, SD 10.42). The overall zygomatic implant survival rate was 98.34%. There were five implant failures in four patients. One intraoperative and 17 postoperative complications developed in 18 patients. There were no dropouts and the median follow‐up of the patients was 41.75 months (with a range of 6‐89 months).ConclusionsAccording to the results, in cases of severely atrophic posterior maxilla, zygomatic implant surgery can be considered as an effective and safe alternative to conventional implants and bone grafting procedures.
Distance dynamics based overlapping semantic community detection for node‐attributed networks
Authors: Sun Heli , Jia Xiaolin , Huang Ruodan , Wang Pei , Wang Chenyu , Huang Jianbin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, due to the rise of social, biological, and other rich content graphs, several novel community detection methods using structure and node attributes have been proposed. Moreover, nodes in a network are naturally characterized by multiple community memberships and there is growing interest in overlapping community detection algorithms. In this paper, we design a weighted vertex interaction model based on distance dynamics to divide the network, furthermore, we propose a distance Dynamics‐based Overlapping Semantic Community detection algorithm(DOSC) for node‐attribute networks. The method is divided into three phases: Firstly, we detect local single‐attribute subcommunities in each attribute‐induced graph based on the weighted vertex interaction model. Then, a hypergraph is constructed by using the subcommunities obtained in the previous step. Finally, the weighted vertex interaction model is used in the hypergraph to get global semantic communities. Experimental results in real‐world networks demonstrate that DOSC is a more effective semantic community detection method compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Placental endovascular extravillous trophoblasts (enEVTs) educate maternal T‐cell differentiation along the maternal‐placental circulation
Authors: Ma Yeling , Yang Qian , Fan Mengjie , Zhang Lanmei , Gu Yan , Jia Wentong , Li Zhilang , Wang Feiyang , Li Yu‐xia , Wang Jian , Li Rong , Shao Xuan , Wang Yan‐Ling 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesDuring human pregnancy, the endothelial cells of the uterine spiral arteries (SPA) are extensively replaced by a subtype of placental trophoblasts, endovascular extravillous trophoblasts (enEVTs), thus establishing a placental‐maternal circulation. On this pathway, foetus‐derived placental villi and enEVTs bath into the maternal blood that perfuses along SPA being not attacked by the maternal lymphocytes. We aimed to reveal the underlying mechanism of such immune tolerance.MethodsIn situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, ELISA and FCM assay were performed to examine TGF‐β1 expression and distribution of regulatory T cells (Tregs) along the placental‐maternal circulation route. The primary enEVTs, interstitial extravillous trophoblasts (iEVTs) and decidual endothelial cells (dECs) were purified by FACS, and their conditioned media were collected to treat naïve CD4+ T cells. Treg differentiation was measured by FLOW and CFSE assays.ResultsWe found that enEVTs but not iEVTs or dECs actively produced TGF‐β1. The primary enEVTs significantly promoted naïve CD4+ T‐cell differentiation into immunosuppressive FOXP3+ Tregs, and this effect was dependent on TGF‐β1. In recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients, an evidently reduced proportion of TGF‐β1–producing enEVTs and their ability to educate Tregs differentiation were observed.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a unique immune‐regulatory characteristic of placental enEVTs to develop immune tolerance along the placental‐maternal circulation. New insights into the pathogenesis of RSA are also suggested.
Formation for public life: Bonhoeffer's approach to theological education
Authors: Norris Kristopher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis essay addresses the role of theological education in shaping how Christian leaders and institutions respond to public debate, conflict, and crisis by analyzing Bonhoeffer's approach to theological education in times of conflict and crisis. It argues that his pedagogical approach of education as formation for public life should inform our pedagogical practice, as the church increasingly engages in a diverse pluralistic public and political life.
The evo‐devo of molluscs: Insights from a genomic perspective
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Zhang Lingling , Hu Jingjie , Wang Jing , Bao Zhenmin , Wang Shi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMolluscs represent one of ancient and evolutionarily most successful groups of marine invertebrates, with a tremendous diversity of morphology, behavior, and lifestyle. Molluscs are excellent subjects for evo‐devo studies; however, understanding of the evo‐devo of molluscs has been largely hampered by incomplete fossil records and limited molecular data. Recent advancement of genomics and other technologies has greatly fueled the molluscan “evo‐devo” field, and decoding of several molluscan genomes provides unprecedented insights into molluscan biology and evolution. Here, we review the recent progress of molluscan genome sequencing as well as novel insights gained from their genomes, by emphasizing how molluscan genomics enhances our understanding of the evo‐devo of molluscs.
Comparative genomics approach to evolutionary process connectivity
Authors: Gagnaire Pierre‐Alexandre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe influence of species life history traits and historical demography on contemporary connectivity is still poorly understood. However, these factors partly determine the evolutionary responses of species to anthropogenic landscape alterations. Genetic connectivity and its evolutionary outcomes depend on a variety of spatially dependent evolutionary processes, such as population structure, local adaptation, genetic admixture, and speciation. Over the last years, population genomic studies have been interrogating these processes with increasing resolution, revealing a large diversity of species responses to spatially structured landscapes. In parallel, multispecies meta‐analyses usually based on low‐genome coverage data have provided fundamental insights into the ecological determinants of genetic connectivity, such as the influence of key life history traits on population structure. However, comparative studies still lack a thorough integration of macro‐ and micro‐evolutionary scales to fully realize their potential. Here, I present how a comparative genomics framework may provide a deeper understanding of evolutionary process connectivity. This framework relies on coupling the inference of long‐term demographic and selective history with an assessment of the contemporary consequences of genetic connectivity. Standardizing this approach across several species occupying the same landscape should help understand how spatial environmental heterogeneity has shaped the diversity of historical and contemporary connectivity patterns in different taxa with contrasted life history traits. I will argue that a reasonable amount of genome sequence data can be sufficient to resolve and connect complex macro‐ and micro‐evolutionary histories. Ultimately, implementing this framework in varied taxonomic groups is expected to improve scientific guidelines for conservation and management policies.
Seasonal variation in the strength of interference competition among headwater stream predators
Authors: Cecala Kristen K. , Walker Eli H. , Ennen Joshua R. , Fix Shawna M. , Davenport Jon M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Vertebrate communities in headwater streams are assumed to be regulated through competitive and predatory interactions. Although documented predation is rare, studies regularly report competitive dominance by fish that, as larger competitors reliant on aquatic habitat, exclude semi‐aquatic salamanders to marginal stream habitat. However, it is unclear whether fish interact with stream‐breeding salamanders through indirect effects such as competition for resources (e.g. food or cover) or fear (i.e. threat of predation) nor is it known whether these interactions are consistent through time.

This study used a novel caging approach to determine if competitive outcomes between a headwater fish and salamanders were regulated primarily through resource depletion (exploitative competition) or behavioural avoidance (interference competition).

We paired banded sculpin (Cottus carolinae) and larval red salamanders (Pseudotriton ruber) of similar body size in independent flow through mesocosms with intra‐ and inter‐specific pairs allowed to interact physically or non‐physically. The experiment was repeated in the autumn and in the spring when stream salamander larvae begin to transform into terrestrial juveniles.

Banded sculpin negatively influenced growth of red salamanders regardless of whether they were allowed to physically interact, suggesting interference competition and behavioural avoidance. This asymmetrical effect was strongest in the spring when salamanders underwent metamorphosis at higher rates in the presence of fish. However, in the autumn, the effects were more balanced between the two species with salamanders impacting fish through exploitative competition.

By studying the temporal relationships between two competitors and using a caging method novel to competition studies, we established that the outcomes of competition are dependent on season and may vary in type relative to the timing of life‐history events. For this community, these results suggest that outcomes of competition are highly dependent on season and could indicate a biotic mechanism maintaining headwater salamander distributions through source–sink dynamics. Our results also suggest that, in this species interaction, it may be unwarranted to assume that the outcomes of competition at one time represent the complex relationships regulating community interactions.