bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of a star formation and feedback model for cosmological simulations with enzo
Authors: Oh Boon Kiat , Smith Britton D , Peacock John A , Khochfar Sadegh 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new methodology for efficiently tuning sub-grid models of star formation and supernovae feedback in cosmological simulations and at the same time understanding their physical implications. Based on a set of 71 zoom simulations of a Milky Way (MW)-sized halo, we explore the feasibility of calibrating a widely used star formation and feedback model in the enzo simulation code. We propose a novel way to match observations, using functional fits to the observed baryon makeup over a wide range of halo masses. The model MW galaxy is calibrated using three parameters: the star formation efficiency (f*), the efficiency of thermal energy from stellar feedback (ϵ), and the region into which feedback is injected (r  and s). We find that changing the amount of feedback energy affects the baryon content most significantly. We then identify two sets of feedback parameter values that are both able to reproduce the baryonic properties for haloes between $10^{10}\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ and $10^{12}\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$. We can potentially improve the agreement by incorporating more parameters or physics. If we choose to focus on one property at a time, we can obtain a more realistic halo baryon makeup. Contrasting both star formation criteria and the corresponding combination of optimal feedback parameters, we also highlight that feedback effects can be complementary: to match the same baryonic properties, with a relatively higher gas-to-stars conversion efficiency, the feedback strength required is lower, and vice versa. Lastly, we demonstrate that chaotic variance in the code can cause deviations of approximately 10 per cent and 25 per cent in the stellar and baryon mass in simulations evolved from identical initial conditions.
Kinetic beaming in radiative relativistic magnetic reconnection: a mechanism for rapid gamma-ray flares in jets
Authors: Mehlhaff J M , Werner G R , Uzdensky D A , Begelman M C 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Rapid gamma-ray flares pose an astrophysical puzzle, requiring mechanisms both to accelerate energetic particles and to produce fast observed variability. These dual requirements may be satisfied by collisionless relativistic magnetic reconnection. On the one hand, relativistic reconnection can energize gamma-ray emitting electrons. On the other hand, as previous kinetic simulations have shown, the reconnection acceleration mechanism preferentially focuses high energy particles – and their emitted photons – into beams, which may create rapid blips in flux as they cross a telescope’s line of sight. Using a series of 2D pair-plasma particle-in-cell simulations, we explicitly demonstrate the critical role played by radiative (specifically inverse Compton) cooling in mediating the observable signatures of this ‘kinetic beaming’ effect. Only in our efficiently cooled simulations do we measure kinetic beaming beyond one light crossing time of the reconnection layer. We find a correlation between the cooling strength and the photon energy range across which persistent kinetic beaming occurs: stronger cooling coincides with a wider range of beamed photon energies. We also apply our results to rapid gamma-ray flares in flat-spectrum radio quasars, suggesting that a paradigm of radiatively efficient kinetic beaming constrains relevant emission models. In particular, beaming-produced variability may be more easily realized in two-zone (e.g. spine-sheath) set-ups, with Compton seed photons originating in the jet itself, rather than in one-zone external Compton scenarios.
MaBμlS-2: high-precision microlensing modelling for the large-scale survey era
Authors: Specht David , Kerins Eamonn , Awiphan Supachai , Robin Annie C 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTGalactic microlensing datasets now comprise in excess of 104 events and, with the advent of next-generation microlensing surveys that may be undertaken with facilities such as the Rubin Observatory (formerly LSST) and Roman Space Telescope (formerly WFIRST), this number will increase significantly. So too will the fraction of events with measurable higher order information, such as finite-source effects and lens–source relative proper motion. Analysing such data requires a more sophisticated Galactic microlens modelling approach. We present a new second-generation Manchester–Besançon Microlensing Simulator (MaBμlS-2), which uses a version of the Besançon population synthesis Galactic model that provides good agreement with stellar kinematics observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) towards the bulge. MaBμlS-2 provides high-fidelity signal-to-noise limited maps of the microlensing optical depth, rate and average time-scale towards a 400 deg2 region of the Galactic bulge in several optical to near-infrared pass-bands. The maps take full account of the unresolved stellar background, as well as limb-darkened source profiles. Comparing MaBμlS-2 with the efficiency-corrected OGLE-IV 8000 event sample shows a much improved agreement over the previous version of MaBμlS and succeeds in matching even small-scale structural features in the OGLE-IV event rate map. However, evidence remains for a small underprediction of the event rate per source and overprediction of the time-scale. MaBμlS-2 is available online (www.mabuls.net, Specht & Kerins) to provide on-the-fly maps for user-supplied cuts in survey magnitude, event time-scale and relative proper motion.
Rab27b contributes to radioresistance and exerts a paracrine effect via epiregulin in glioblastoma
Authors: Nishioka Soichiro , Wu Ping-Hsiu , Yakabe Toshiaki , Giaccia Amato J , Le Quynh-Thu , Aoyama Hidefumi , Shimizu Shinichi , Shirato Hiroki , Onodera Yasuhito , Nam Jin-Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). However, radioresistance of GBM cells leads to recurrence and poor patient prognosis. Recent studies suggest that secretion factors have important roles in radioresistance of tumor cells. This study aims to determine whether Rab27b, a small GTPase involved in secretory vesicle trafficking, plays a role in radioresistance of GBM.

Methods
Microarray analysis, cell viability analysis, apoptosis assay, immunostaining, and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the effect of Rab27b on radioresistance of GBM. We further investigated paracrine effects mediated by Rab27b after X-ray irradiation using coculture systems of glioma cell lines.

Results
Rab27b was specifically upregulated in irradiated U87MG cells. Furthermore, Rab27b knockdown decreased the proliferation of GBM cells after irradiation. Knockdown of Rab27b in U87MG cells combined with radiation treatment suppressed orthotopic tumor growth in the mouse brain and prolonged the survival of recipient mice. Interestingly, the co-upregulation of Rab27b and epiregulin (EREG), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, correlated with radioresistance in glioma cell lines. Additionally, EREG, which was secreted from U87MG cells via Rab27b-mediated mechanism, activated EGF receptor and contributed to H4 cell proliferation in a paracrine manner.

Conclusions
Our results show that Rab27b mediates the radioresistance of highly malignant GBM cells. Rab27b promotes the proliferation of adjacent cells through EREG-mediated paracrine signaling after irradiation. Thus, the Rab27b-EREG pathway is a novel potential target to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in GBM.
No Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Seminal Shedding Despite SARS-CoV-2 Persistence in the Upper Respiratory Tract
Authors: Rawlings Stephen A , Ignacio Caroline , Porrachia Magali , Du Pinyi , Smith Davey M , Chaillon Antoine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
RNA viruses (eg, Zika, Ebola, HIV) are often shed in male genital secretions. We evaluated the presence and level of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen, nasal secretion, and saliva collected after confirmed infection. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in semen 6–17 days after the onset of symptoms despite concomitant shedding in oral secretions.
Relativistic effects in the search for new intra-atomic force with isotope shifts
Authors: Tanaka Minoru , Yamamoto Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Isotope shift of atomic spectra is considered as a probe of new interaction between electrons and neutrons in atoms. We employ the method of seeking a breakdown of King’s linearity in the isotope shifts of two atomic transitions. In the present work, we evaluate the magnitudes of the nonlinearity using relativistic wave functions and the result is compared with that of nonrelativistic wave functions from our previous work. It turns out that the nonrelativistic calculation underestimates the nonlinearity owing to the new interaction in the mass range of the mediator greater than 1 MeV. Further, we find that the nonlinearity within the standard model of particle physics is significantly magnified by the relativistic effect in the $\text{p}_{1/2}$ state. To get rid of this obstacle in the new physics search, we suggest avoiding $\text{p}_{1/2}$ and that e.g. $\text{p}_{3/2}$ should be used instead.
Impact of storage conditions and premix type on fat-soluble vitamin stability1
Authors: Saensukjaroenphon Marut , Evans Caitlin E , Paulk Chad B , Gebhardt Jordan T , Woodworth Jason C , Stark Charles R , Bergstrom Jon R , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Feed ingredients and additives could be a potential medium for foreign animal disease entry into the United States. The feed industry has taken active steps to reduce the risk of pathogen entry through ingredients. Medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) and heat pulse treatment could be an opportunity to prevent pathogen contamination. The objective of experiment 1 was to determine the impact of 0, 30, 60, or 90 d storage time on fat-soluble vitamin stability when vitamin premix (VP) and vitamin trace mineral premix (VTM) were blended with 1% inclusion of MCFA (1:1:1 blend of C6:C8:C10) or mineral oil (MO) with different environmental conditions. Samples stored at room temperature (RT) (~22 °C) or in an environmentally controlled chamber set at 40 °C and 75% humidity, high-temperature high humidity (HTHH). The sample bags were pulled out at days 0, 30, 60 and 90 for RT condition and HTHH condition. The objective of experiment 2 was to determine the effect of heat pulse treatment and MCFA addition on fat-soluble vitamin stability with two premix types. A sample from each treatment was heated at 60 °C and 20% humidity. For experiment 1, the following effects were significant for vitamin A: premix type × storage condition (P = 0.031) and storage time × storage condition (P = 0.002) interactions; for vitamin D3: main effect of storage condition (P &lt; 0.001) and storage time (P = 0.002); and for vitamin E: storage time × storage condition interaction (P &lt; 0.001). For experiment 2, oil type did not affect the stability of fat-soluble vitamins (P &gt; 0.732) except for vitamin A (P = 0.030). There were no differences for fat-soluble vitamin stability between VP and VTM (P &gt; 0.074) except for vitamin E (P = 0.016). Therefore, the fat-soluble vitamins were stable when mixed with both vitamin and VTM and stored at 22 °C with 28.4% relative humidity (RH). When premixes were stored at 39.5 °C with 78.8%RH, the vitamin A and D3 were stable up to 30 d while the vitamin E was stable up to 60 d. In addition, MCFA did not influence fat-soluble vitamin degradation during storage up to 90 d and in the heat pulse process. The vitamin stability was decreased by 5% to 10% after the premixes was heated at 60 °C for approximately nine and a half hours. If both chemical treatment (MCFA) and heat pulse treatment have similar efficiency at neutralizing or reducing the target pathogen, the process of chemical treatment could become a more practical practice.
Collaborative care clinician perceptions of computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in primary care
Authors: Leung Lucinda B , Dyer Karen E , Yano Elizabeth M , Young Alexander S , Rubenstein Lisa V , Hamilton Alison B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In Veterans Health Administration’s (VA) Primary Care–Mental Health Integration (PC-MHI) models, primary care providers, care managers, and mental health clinicians collaboratively provide depression care. Primary care patients, however, still lack timely, sufficient access to psychotherapy treatment. Adapting PC-MHI collaborative care to improve uptake of evidence-based computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) may be a potential solution. Understanding primary care-based mental health clinician perspectives is crucial for facilitating adoption of cCBT as part of collaborative depression care. We examined PC-MHI mental health clinicians’ perspectives on adapting collaborative care models to support cCBT for VA primary care patients. We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with PC-MHI nurse care managers, licensed social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists in one VA health-care system. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded using the constant comparative method, and analyzed for overarching themes. Although cCBT awareness and knowledge were not widespread, participants were highly accepting of enhancing PC-MHI models with cCBT for depression treatment. Participants supported cCBT delivery by a PC-MHI care manager or clinician and saw it as an additional tool to engage patients, particularly younger Veterans, in mental health treatment. They commented that current VA PC-MHI models did not facilitate, and had barriers to, use of online and mobile treatments. If effectively implemented, however, respondents thought it had potential to increase the number of patients they could treat. There is widespread interest in modernizing health systems. VA PC-MHI mental health clinicians appear open to adapting collaborative care to increase uptake of cCBT to improve psychotherapy access.
A faith-based mind–body intervention to improve psychosocial well-being among rural adults
Authors: Mama Scherezade K , Bhuiyan Nishat , Bopp Melissa J , McNeill Lorna H , Lengerich Eugene J , Smyth Joshua M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Churches are well positioned to promote better mental health outcomes in underserved populations, including rural adults. Mind–body (MB) practices improve psychological well-being yet are not widely adopted among faith-based groups due to conflicting religious or practice beliefs. Thus, “Harmony & Health” (HH) was developed as a culturally adapted MB intervention to improve psychosocial health in urban churchgoers and was adapted and implemented in a rural church. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of HH to reduce psychosocial distress in rural churchgoers. HH capitalized on an existing church partnership to recruit overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25.0 kg/m2) and insufficiently active adults (≥18 years old). Eligible adults participated in an 8 week MB intervention and completed self-reported measures of perceived stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and positive and negative affect at baseline and postintervention. Participants (mean [M] age = 49.1 ± 14.0 years) were mostly women (84.8%), non-Hispanic white (47.8%) or African American (45.7%), high socioeconomic status (65.2% completed ≥bachelor degree and 37.2% reported an annual household income ≥$80,000), and obese (M BMI = 32.6 ± 5.8 kg/m2). Participants reported lower perceived stress (t = −2.399, p = .022), fewer depressive symptoms (t = −3.547, p = .001), and lower negative affect (t = −2.440, p = .020) at postintervention. Findings suggest that HH was feasible, acceptable, and effective at reducing psychosocial distress in rural churchgoers in the short-term. HH reflects an innovative approach to intertwining spirituality and MB practices to improve physical and psychological health in rural adults, and findings lend to our understanding of community-based approaches to improve mental health outcomes in underserved populations.
A scoping review of patient-facing, behavioral health interventions with voice assistant technology targeting self-management and healthy lifestyle behaviors
Authors: Sezgin Emre , Militello Lisa K , Huang Yungui , Lin Simon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEngaging in positive healthy lifestyle behaviors continues to be a public health challenge, requiring innovative solutions. As the market for voice assistants (Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple Siri) grows and people increasingly use them to assist their daily tasks, there is a pressing need to explore how voice assistant (VA) technology may be used in behavioral health interventions. A scoping review of literature was conducted to address a PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) question: across populations, how does the use of voice assistants in behavioral health research/interventions influence healthy lifestyle behaviors versus control or comparison interventions? To inform the science, a secondary aim of this review was to explore characteristics of VAs used in behavioral health research. The review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines with scoping review extension (PRISMA-ScR). Ten studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, representing research published through February 2019. Studies spanned pediatric to elderly populations, covering a vast array of self-management and healthy lifestyle behaviors. The majority of interventions were multicomponent, involving more than one of the following behavior change techniques grouped by cluster: shaping knowledge, self-belief, repetition and substitution, feedback and monitoring, goals and planning, antecedents, natural consequences, comparison of behavior, and identification. However, most studies were in early stages of development, with limited efficacy trials. VA technology continues to evolve and support behavioral interventions using various platforms (e.g., Interactive Voice Response [IVR] systems, smartphones, and smart speakers) which are used alone or in conjunction with other platforms. Feasibility, usability, preliminary efficacy, along with high user satisfaction of research adapted VAs, in contrast to standalone commercially available VAs, suggest a role for VAs in behavioral health intervention research.
Positive psychology in health care: defining key stakeholders and their roles
Authors: Lianov Liana S , Barron Grace Caroline , Fredrickson Barbara L , Hashmi Sean , Klemes Andrea , Krishnaswami Janani , Lee Jenny , Le Pertel Noémie , Matthews Jessica A , Millstein Rachel A , Phillips Edward M , Sannidhi Deepa , Purpur de Vries Patty , Wallace Anne , Winter Sandra J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLifestyle-related diseases have common risk factors: physical inactivity, poor diet, inadequate sleep, high stress, substance use, and social isolation. Evidence is mounting for the benefits of incorporating effective methods that promote healthy lifestyle habits into routine health care treatments. Research has established that healthy habits foster psychological and physiological health and that emotional well-being is central to achieving total well-being. The Happiness Science and Positive Health Committee of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine aims to raise awareness about strategies for prioritizing emotional well-being. The Committee advocates for collaborative translational research to adapt the positive psychology and behavioral medicine evidence base into methodologies that address emotional well-being in nonmental health care settings. Another aim is to promote health system changes that integrate evidence-based positive-psychology interventions into health maintenance and treatment plans. Also, the Committee seeks to ameliorate health provider burnout through the application of positive psychology methods for providers' personal health. The American College of Lifestyle Medicine and Dell Medical School held an inaugural Summit on Happiness Science in Health Care in May 2018. The Summit participants recommended research, policy, and practice innovations to promote total well-being via lifestyle changes that bolster emotional well-being. These recommendations urge stakeholder collaboration to facilitate translational research for health care settings and to standardize terms, measures, and clinical approaches for implementing positive psychology interventions. Sample aims of joint collaboration include developing evidence-based, practical, low-cost behavioral and emotional assessment and monitoring tools; grants to encourage dissemination of pilot initiatives; medical record dashboards with emotional well-being and related aspects of mental health as vital signs; clinical best practices for health care teams; and automated behavioral programs to extend clinician time. However, a few simple steps for prioritizing emotional well-being can be implemented by stakeholders in the near-term.
The Relationship Between Accreditation Cycle and Licensing Examination Scores: A National Look
Authors: Roy Marguerite , Wood Timothy J. , Blouin Danielle , Eva Kevin W. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Accreditation aims to ensure all training programs meet agreed-upon standards of quality. The process is complex, resource intensive, and costly. Its benefits are difficult to assess because contextual confounds obscure comparisons between systems that do and do not include accreditation. This study explores accreditation’s influence “within system” by investigating the relationship between accreditation cycle and performance on a national licensing examination.

Method
Scores on the computer-based portion of the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination Part I, from 1993 to 2017, were examined for all 17 Canadian medical schools. Typically completed upon graduation from medical school, results within each year were transformed for comparability across administrations and linked to timing within each school’s accreditation cycle. ANOVAs were used to assess the relationship between accreditation timing and examination scores. Secondary analyses isolated 4-year from 3-year training programs and separated data generated before versus after implementation of a national midcycle informal review program.

Results
Performance on the licensing exam was highest during and shortly after an accreditation site visit, falling significantly until the midpoint in the accreditation cycle (d = 0.47) before rising again. This pattern disappeared after introduction of informal interim review, but too little data have accumulated post implementation to determine if interim review is sufficient to break the influence of accreditation cycle.

Conclusions
Formal, externally driven, accreditation cycles appear associated with educational processes in ways that translated into student outcomes on a national licensing examination. Whether informal, internal, interim reviews can mediate this effect remains to be seen.