bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current tools available for investigating vaccine hesitancy: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Oduwole Elizabeth O , Pienaar Elizabeth D , Mahomed Hassan , Wiysonge Charles Shey 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionVaccine hesitancy, defined as the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services is responsible in part for suboptimal levels of vaccination coverage worldwide. The WHO recommends that countries incorporate plans to measure and address vaccine hesitancy into their immunisation programmes. This requires that governments and health institutions be able to detect concerns about vaccination in the population and monitor changes in vaccination behaviours. To do this effectively, tools to detect and measure vaccine hesitancy are required. The purpose of this scoping review is to give a broad overview of currently available vaccine hesitancy measuring tools and present a summary of their nature, similarities and differences.Methods and analysisThe review will be conducted using the framework for scoping review proffered by Arksey and O’Malley. It will comply with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews’ guidelines. The broader research question of this review is: what vaccine hesitancy measuring tools are currently available?Search strategies will be developed using controlled vocabulary and selected keywords. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and reference lists of relevant publications will be searched. Titles and abstracts will be independently screened by two authors and data from full-text articles meeting the inclusion criteria will be extracted independently by two authors using a pretested data charting form. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion and consensus. Results will be presented using descriptive statistics such as percentages, tables, charts and flow diagrams as appropriate. Narrative analysis will be used to summarise the findings of the review.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for the review. It will be submitted as part of a doctoral thesis, presented at conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberhttps://osf.io/x8fjk/
Development of consumer information leaflets for deprescribing in older hospital inpatients: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Jokanovic Natali , Aslani Parisa , Carter Sophie , Duong Mai , Gnjidic Danijela , Jansen Jesse , Le Couteur David , Hilmer Sarah 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo develop information leaflets for older inpatients and/or their carers to support deprescribing of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines/Z-drugs and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).DesignAn iterative mixed-methods approach involving face-to-face user testing and semi-structured interviews was performed over three rounds with consumers and hospital health professionals.SettingSydney, New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsThirty-seven consumers (or their carers) aged 65 years or older admitted to hospital in the previous 5 years and taking at least one regular medicine (not the medicine tested) completed user testing. Health professionals included a convenience sample of seven pharmacists and five doctors.MethodsThe antipsychotic leaflet was tested in round 1 (consumers, n=10) and revised and retested in round 2 (consumers, n=9; health professionals, n=5). Findings from rounds 1 and 2 informed the design of the benzodiazepine/Z-drug and PPI leaflets tested in round 3 (benzodiazepine/Z-drug consumers, n=9; health professionals, n=7; PPI consumers, n=9). Findings from round 3 informed the final design of all leaflets. Consumer user testing involved 12–13 questions to evaluate consumers’ ability to locate and understand information in the leaflet. Usability by health professionals was assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS).ResultsAt least 80% of consumers correctly found and understood the deprescribing information in the leaflets (9 of 12 information points in round 1 (antipsychotic); 10 of 12 in round 2; 12 of 13 (benzodiazepine/Z-drug) and 11 of 12 (PPI) in round 3). Consumers perceived the leaflets to be informative, well-designed and useful aids for ongoing medication management. The SUS scores obtained from health professionals were 91.0±3.8 for the antipsychotic leaflet and 86.4±6.6 for the benzodiazepine/Z-drug leaflet, indicating excellent usability.ConclusionsUnderstandable and easy-to-use consumer information leaflets were developed and tested by consumers and health professionals. The feasibility and utility of these leaflets to support deprescribing at transitions of care should be explored in clinical practice.
Protocol for the CONNECT project: a mixed methods study investigating patient preferences for communication technology use in orthopaedic rehabilitation consultations
Authors: Gilbert Anthony William , Jones Jeremy , Stokes Maria , Mentzakis Emmanouil , May Carl R 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionTechnology has been placed at the centre of global health policy and has been cited as having the potential to increase efficiency and remove geographical boundaries for patients to access care. Communication technology may support patients with orthopaedic problems, which is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. There are several examples of technology being used in clinical research, although uptake in practice remains low. An understanding of patient preferences will support the design of a communication technology supported treatment pathway for patients undergoing orthopaedic rehabilitation.Methods and analysisThis mixed methods project will be conducted in four phases. In phase I, a systematic review of qualitative studies reporting communication technology use for orthopaedic rehabilitation will be conducted to devise a taxonomy of tasks patients’ face when using these technologies to access their care. In phase II, qualitative interviews will investigate how the work of being a patient changes during face-to-face and communication technology consultations and how these changes influence preference. In phase III, a discrete choice experiment will investigate the factors that influence preferences for the use of communication technology for orthopaedic rehabilitation consultations. Phase IV will be a practical application of these results. We will design a ‘minimally disruptive’ communication technology supported pathway for patients undergoing orthopaedic rehabilitation.Ethics and disseminationThe design of a pathway and underpinning patient preference will assist in understanding factors that might influence technology implementation for clinical care. This study requires ethical approval for phases II, III and IV. Approvals have been received for phase II (approval received on 4 December 2016 from the South Central-Oxford C Research Ethics Committee (IRAS ID: 255172, REC Reference 18/SC/0663)) and phase III (approval received on 18 October 2019 from the London-Hampstead Research Ethics Committee (IRAS ID: 248064, REC Reference 19/LO/1586)) and will be sought for phase IV. All participants will provide informed written consent prior to being enrolled onto the study.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018100896.
Massive transfusion in The Netherlands
Authors: Rijnhout Tim W H , Noorman Femke , Bek Annemarije , Zoodsma Margreet , Hoencamp Rigo 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesMassive transfusion protocols (MTPs) may improve survival in patients with uncontrolled haemorrhage. An MTP was introduced into the Dutch transfusion guidelines in 2011, the ninth edition of the advanced trauma life support course in 2012 and the third version of the European guideline in 2013. This is the first survey of MTPs in Dutch trauma centres.MethodsThe aim of the study was to compare MTP strategies in level 1 trauma centres in The Netherlands, and with (inter)national guidelines. A contact in each government assigned level 1 trauma centre in The Netherlands and the Dutch Ministry of Defence was approached to share their MTPs and elucidate their protocol in a survey and oral follow-up interview.ResultsAll 11 level 1 trauma centres responded. The content of the packages and transfusion ratios (red blood cells/plasma/platelets) were 3:3:1, 5:5:1, 5:3:1, 2:3:1, 4:4:1, 5:2:1, 2:2:1 and 4:3:1. Tranexamic acid was used in all centres and an additional dose was administered in eight centres. Fibrinogen was given directly (n=4), with persistent bleeding (n=3), based on Clauss fibrinogen (n=3) or rotational thromboelastometry (n=1). All centres used additional medication in patients in the form of anticoagulants, but their use was ambiguous.ConclusionMTPs differed between institutes and guidelines. The discrepancies in transfusion ratios can be explained by (inter)national differences in preparation and volume of blood components and/or interpretation of the '1:1:1' guideline. We recommend updating MTPs every year using the latest guidelines and evaluating the level of evidence for treatment during massive transfusion.
Emergency department visits during the 4/20 cannabis celebration
Authors: Staples John A , Merchant Ketki , Erdelyi Shannon , Lund Adam , Brubacher Jeffrey R 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundAnnual ‘4/20’ cannabis festivals occur around the world on April 20 and often feature synchronised consumption of cannabis at 4:20 pm. The relationship between these events and demand for emergency medical services has not been systematically studied.MethodsWe conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study in Vancouver, Canada, using 10 consecutive years of data (2009–2018) from six regional hospitals. The number of emergency department (ED) visits between 4:20 pm and 11:59 pm on April 20 were compared with the number of visits during identical time intervals on control days 1 week earlier and 1 week later (ie, April 13 and April 27) using negative binomial regression.ResultsA total of 3468 ED visits occurred on April 20 and 6524 ED visits occurred on control days. A non-significant increase in all-cause ED visits was observed on April 20 (adjusted relative risk: 1.06; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.12). April 20 was associated with a significant increase in ED visits among prespecified subgroups including a 5-fold increase in visits for substance misuse and a 10-fold increase in visits for intoxication. The hospital closest to the festival site experienced a clinically and statistically significant 17% (95% CI 5.1% to 29.6%) relative increase in ED visits on April 20 compared with control days.InterpretationSubstance use at annual ‘4/20’ festivals may be associated with an increase in ED visits among key subgroups and at nearby hospitals. These findings may inform harm reduction initiatives and festival medical care service planning.
A matter of time: grappling with everyday ethical tensions at the confluence between policy and practice in a psychiatric unit
Authors: Motta-Ochoa Rossio , Lencucha Raphael , Xu Jiameng , Park Melissa 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo provide insights on emergent ethical tensions experienced by mental health practitioners during system re-organisation, which is sufficiently grounded in empirical data at the local level to inform policy on recovery at institutional and provincial levels.MethodEthnographic methods using narrative and critical phenomenological resources over 24 months.FindingsEveryday ethical tensions emerged at the confluence of different experiences of time, for example, how a context of increasing pressure to decrease patients’ length of stay at the hospital (service-defined time) challenged efforts to listen to and advocate for what mattered to patients (personal time) and maintain the integrity of interventions (clinical time). In this context, practitioners drew on clinical language and that of personal recovery to strategically ‘push back’, ‘play with’ or ‘take back’ time.DiscussionExamining everyday practices through ethnographic methods can illuminate the everyday ethical tensions that arise when mental health professionals and psychiatrists grapple with, often competing, goods. Critical phenomenological resources can help expand the structural considerations in empirical ethics, excavate underground practices and raise questions about the conceptual categories undergirding normative ethics. Experiencing-with practitioners in clinical contexts as they encounter and creatively resolve ethical tensions also propose a normative ethics of possibility, to help bridge the gap between empirical and normative ethics.ConclusionFocus on the relationship between policy, temporal practices and ethics suggests a reconfiguration of time and re-imagination of ethics in institutional settings in ways that can ultimately benefit patients and professionals alike.
Exploring a $$\Sigma _{c}\bar{D}$$ state: with focus on $$P_{c}(4312)^{+}$$
Authors: Zhang Jian-Rong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStimulated by the new discovery of $$P_{c}(4312)^{+}$$Pc(4312)+ by LHCb Collaboration, we endeavor to perform the study of $$P_{c}(4312)^{+}$$Pc(4312)+ as a $$\Sigma _{c}\bar{D}$$ΣcD¯ state in the framework of QCD sum rules. Taking into account the results from two sum rules, a conservative mass range $$4.07{\sim }4.97~\text{ GeV }$$4.07∼4.97GeV is presented for the $$\Sigma _{c}\bar{D}$$ΣcD¯ hadronic system, which agrees with the experimental data of $$P_{c}(4312)^{+}$$Pc(4312)+ and could support its interpretation as a $$\Sigma _{c}\bar{D}$$ΣcD¯ state.
Gravity law in the Chinese highway freight transportation networks
Authors: Wang Li , Ma Jun-Chao , Jiang Zhi-Qiang , Yan Wanfeng , Zhou Wei-Xing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe gravity law has been documented in many socioeconomic networks, which states that the flow between two nodes positively correlates with the strengths of the nodes and negatively correlates with the distance between the two nodes. However, such research on highway freight transportation networks (HFTNs) is rare. We construct the directed and undirected highway freight transportation networks between 338 Chinese cities using about 15.06 million truck transportation records in five months and test the traditional and modified gravity laws using GDP, population, and per capita GDP as the node strength. It is found that the gravity law holds over about two orders of magnitude for the whole sample, as well as the daily samples, except for the days around the Spring Festival during which the daily sample sizes are significantly small. Accordingly, the daily exponents of the gravity law are stable except during the Spring Festival period. The results also show that the gravity law has higher explanatory power for the undirected HFTNs than for the directed HFTNs. However, the traditional and modified gravity laws have comparable explanatory power.
Performance analysis of an optically pumped magnetometer in Earth’s magnetic field
Authors: Oelsner Gregor , Schultze Volkmar , IJsselsteijn Rob , Stolz Ronny 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe experimentally investigate the influence of the orientation of optically pumped magnetometers in Earth’s magnetic field. We focus our analysis to an operational mode that promises femtotesla field resolutions at such field strengths. For this so-called light-shift dispersed$M_{z}$Mz(LSD-Mz) regime, we focus on the key parameters defining its performance. That are the reconstructed Larmor frequency, the transfer function between output signal and magnetic field amplitude as well as the shot noise limited field resolution. We demonstrate that due to the use of two well balanced laser beams for optical pumping with different helicities the heading error as well as the field sensitivity of a detector both are only weakly influenced by the heading in a large orientation angle range.
Statistical Coulomb interactions in multi-beam SEM
Authors: Stopka Jan , Kruit Pieter 
Published: December 2019

Statistical Coulomb interactions in conventional scanning electron microscopy mostly affect the probe size via energy spread and virtual source broadening in the emitter vicinity. However, in a multi-beam probe forming system such as a multi-beam scanning electron microscopes (MBSEM), the trajectory displacement due to interactions in the whole column can give a contribution to the final probe size. For single-beam systems, this can be expressed using approximate formulae for the total trajectory displacement in a beam segment (Jansen’s theory) or by integrating contributions of infinitesimally thin beam slices (the slice method). We build on Jansen’s theory of statistical Coulomb interactions and develop formulae for the trajectory displacement in a multi-beam system. We also develop a more precise semi-analytical result using the slice method. We compare both approaches with a Monte Carlo simulation and show a good agreement with the results of the slice method. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the optical design of multi-beam SEM. In a multi-beam with probe size dominated by Coulomb interactions, an increase in the number of beamlets does not necessarily provide an increase of throughput, because the probe size is limited by the total current. Furthermore, we disprove the notion of “the fewer the crossovers — the less the Coulomb interactions” by showing the quadratic dependence of trajectory displacement on segment length.
An achromatic gantry for proton therapy with fixed-field superconducting magnets
Authors: Brouwer Lucas , Huggins Anthony , Wan Weishi 
Published: December 2019

A novel concept for a superconducting, fixed-field bending section is presented for use in a proton therapy gantry. The large momentum acceptance of this design allows for treatment over the full proton energy range of 70–220 MeV with fixed field in the superconducting magnets, eliminating the technical risks associated with fast-field ramping to match beam energy changes during treatment. A combined study of beam dynamics and magnet design is shown for such a system in which a simple magnet geometry with straight Nb–Ti racetrack coils is used to produce the desired fields. Particle tracking through this design is compared with clinical requirements for beam spot shape and size at isocenter over the full range of proton energy.
Dynamical simulations of the Muon Campus at Fermilab
Authors: Tarazona D. A. , Berz M. , Makino K. , Stratakis D. , Syphers M. J. 
Published: December 2019

The Muon Campus at Fermilab is a system through which muons are delivered to the storage ring of the Muon [Formula: see text] Experiment (E989). It consists of a set of 1 km beamlines that transport and prepare a highly polarized muon beam out of secondaries produced downstream a target station. Realistic simulations of this beam delivery system (BDS) using COSY INFINITY, and presented here, contribute to the understanding and characterization of the muon beam production in relation to the statistical and systematic uncertainties of the E989 measurement, intended to be smaller than 0.14 parts per million to achieve the goals of the experiment. The impact of nonlinearities from fringe fields and high-order contributions on the BDS performance are presented, as well as detailed studies of the interactions between secondaries and the beamline elements apertures, particle decay channels, spin dynamics and beamline misalignments.
Preclinical Assessment with Clinical Validation of Selinexor with Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Azmi Asfar S. , Khan Husain Yar , Muqbil Irfana , Aboukameel Amro , Neggers Jasper E. , Daelemans Dirk , Mahipal Amit , Dyson Gregory , Kamgar Mandana , Al-Hallak Mohammad Najeeb , Tesfaye Anteneh , Kim Steve , Shidham Vinod , M. Mohammad Ramzi , Philip Philip A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease urgently requiring new treatments. Overexpression of the protein transporter exportin-1 (XPO1) leads to mislocalization of tumor-suppressor proteins (TSP) and their inactivation. Earlier, we showed that blocking XPO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 validated Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds (selinexor and analogs) restores the antitumor activity of multiple TSPs leading to suppression of PDAC in vitro and in orthotopic models.

Experimental Design:
We evaluate the synergy between SINE compounds and standard-of-care treatments in preclinical models and in a PDAC Phase Ib trial.

Results:
SINE compounds synergize with gemcitabine (GEM) and nanoparticle albumin–bound (nab)-paclitaxel leading to suppression of PDAC cellular growth and cancer stem cell (CSC) spheroids disintegration. Label-free quantitative proteome profiling with nuclear and cytoplasmic enrichment showed superior enhancement in nuclear protein fraction in combination treatment. Selinexor inhibited the growth of PDAC CSC and two patient-derived (PDX) subcutaneous xenografts. Selinexor–GEM–nab-paclitaxel blocked PDX and orthotopic tumor growth. In a phase 1b study (NCT02178436), 9 patients were exposed to selinexor (60 mg oral) with GEM (1,000 mg/m2 i.v.) and nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2 i.v.) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycle. Two patients showed partial response, and 2 had stable disease. An outstanding, durable objective response was observed in one of the responders with progression-free survival of 16 months and overall survival of 22 months.

Conclusions:
Our preclinical and ongoing clinical study lends support to the use of selinexor–GEM–nab-paclitaxel as an effective therapy for metastatic PDAC.
Pulmonary Vein Isolation With a Novel Multielectrode Radiofrequency Balloon Catheter That Allows Directionally Tailored Energy Delivery
Authors: Reddy Vivek Y. , Schilling Richard , Grimaldi Massimo , Horton Rodney , Natale Andrea , Riva Stefania , Tondo Claudio , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Neuzil Petr , McInnis Kendra , Bishara Moe , Zhang Baohui , Govari Assaf , Abdelaal Ahmed , Mansour Moussa 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Balloon catheters facilitate pulmonary vein (PV) isolation, but current technology is limited by either a single ablative element, potentially leading to over-ablation of thin and under-ablation of thick tissue, or prolonged procedure times. Visualized by electroanatomical mapping, a novel compliant radiofrequency balloon catheter with 10 irrigated, flexible electrodes can simultaneously and independently deliver energy. Herein, we evaluated the feasibility, safety, and short-term efficacy of this radiofrequency balloon in a multicenter, single-arm, first-in-human study.

Methods:
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients underwent PV isolation with the radiofrequency balloon delivered over-the-wire with a deflectable 13.5F sheath. Radiofrequency energy is delivered simultaneously from all electrodes—up to 30 s posteriorly and 60 s anteriorly. Esophageal temperature was monitored in all patients; the esophagus was also mechanically deviated in 10 patients.

Results:
At 4 sites, 39 patients were treated by 9 operators. The radiofrequency balloon isolated all targeted PVs (152/152), 79.6% with a single application. Electrical reconnection occurred in only 7/150 PVs (4.7%) on adenosine/isoproterenol challenge. Mean procedure, balloon dwell, and fluoroscopy times were 101.6, 40.5, and 17.4 min, respectively. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed asymptomatic esophageal erythema in 5 patients. Phrenic nerve palsy occurred in a patient in whom phrenic pacing was inadvertently omitted. At 3 months, imaging revealed no PV stenosis, and early atrial arrhythmia recurrence occurred in only 10/39 (25.6%) patients.

Conclusions:
The compliant radiofrequency balloon can directionally tailor energy delivery for efficient, effective, and reasonably safe acute PV isolation.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN 11764506.