bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural themes in Spanish missing persons cases: An empirical typology
Authors: García‐Barceló Néstor , González Álvarez José Luis , Woolnough Penny , Almond Louise 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe high number of missing person reports that occur globally each year highlights the need for research in this academically neglected field. This research focuses on establishing whether there are different scenarios or behavioural themes that consistently appear in missing person cases in Spain, which could assist the police investigation process. A representative sample of 341 missing person police reports was collated and up to 27 behaviours, which occur during the disappearance, have been codified, as well as circumstances surrounding the case. Through multidimensional scaling four behavioural themes have been identified: intentional‐escape, intentional‐dysfunctional, unintentional‐accidental, and forced‐criminal. These findings entail implications, both in terms of prevention and in the scope of police investigations. Specifically, this research is considered a key step in the development of: (a) a predictive risk assessment system for harmed or deceased outcomes, and (b) in‐depth review of forced‐criminal disappearances that concur with homicide.
Leaf litter lignin degradation in response to understory vegetation removal in a Masson pine plantation
Authors: He Wei , Keyhani Abdul Baess , Ma Zhiyuan , Xu Jiaoyang , Zhang Chenchen , Xu Xin , Teng Mingjun , Yan Zhaogui , Wang Ben , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstory vegetation changes, caused by forestry management, can alter the litter species composition and microclimate in situ, which while profoundly influence litter lignin degradation processes, is seldom investigated. To reveal the effects of these changes, understory vegetation in plots was treated as follows: no understory vegetation removal; only shrub removal; only herb removal; and, both shrub and herb removal. Single‐ and mixed‐species litterbags (1.0 mm mesh with uncut leaf litter) matching the treated vegetation characteristics (complied with a 7:2:1 air‐dried mass ratio for the litter form trees, shrubs, and herbs) were placed on the floor. After 2 years, 5.9% (single‐tree litter in the plots with shrub removal) to 41.4% (mixture in the plots with no understory vegetation removal) of the initial lignin content was degraded among litterbag types and plot treatments. Incidence of nonadditive effects was reduced, and the nonadditive lignin degradation rate varied but remained low among plot treatments when understory vegetation was removed. In all plot treatments, lignin degradation rate was higher in single‐shrub or single‐herb litter than in single‐tree litter (at least 9.7% ± 1.2% for the deviation). Mixtures in the plots, with no understory vegetation removal, exhibited a greater lignin degradation rate than that of the litter mixtures in the other plots. Path analysis indicated that microbial biomass nitrogen, average temperature, and lignin concentration were positively correlated with lignin degradation rate. Therefore, in addition to the litter species composition, alterations in microclimate as a result of understory vegetation changes can be a key factor that influence lignin degradation rate.
Functional and pasting properties of fortified complementary foods formulated from maize (Zea mays) and African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) flours
Authors: Anosike Francis Chidi , Nwagu Kingsely Ekene , Nwalo Nweke Friday , Ikegwu Onyekachi John , Onyeji Gertrude Nneka , Enwere Evelyn Nwakaego , Nwoba Sunday Theophilus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudies were conducted on the functional, pasting and micronutrient content of complementary weaning foods from maize (Zea mays) and African yam bean (AYB; Sphenostylis stenocarpa). The complementary foods were fortified with cattle bone meal, Brachystegia eurycoma (achi)/potash emulisified with red palm oil and Moringa oleifera, to improve the micronutrient content. Maize and AYB (malted and unmalted) were processed into flours, and the fortificants were subjected to different treatments to ascertain the treatment that has the highest micronutrient contents for use in the formulation of the weaning food. Functional properties (water absorption capacity [WAC], bulk density [BD], wettability [WB]) and dispersability [DISP]), pasting properties and micronutrient contents of the formulated blends were determined using standard methods. Ashed fermented by back‐slopping, dried and milled (AFDm) treatment for cattle bone meal, unfermented B. eurycoma/potash emulsion (PU) and fresh fermented M. oleifera treatment had the highest micronutrient contents. The Vitamin A and zinc contents of the formulated infant food were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the control (Nutrend, an infant complementary cereal food product made from maize and produced by Nestle Nigeria PLC). The WAC and BD ranged from 155 to 195 g/mL for maize–AYB fermented and enriched with fortificant PU (MAFEP) and maize–AYB fermented enriched with fortificant achi emulsion (MAFEA) and 0.86 to 1.43 g/mL for MAFEA and MAFEP, respectively. The WB values ranged from 16 to 40 s for maize–AYB malt‐fermented (MAMF) and MAFEP. There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in the dispersability. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in pasting temperature, set‐back viscosity, final viscosity, peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity except for the peak time. The fortified complementary foods prepared from maize flour and malted AYB significantly improved the functional and pasting properties of the flour blends due to their high micronutrient contents and low BD which can serve as alternative to commercial products.
Do diatoms dominate benthic production in shallow systems? A case study from a mixed seagrass bed
Authors: Cox T. Erin , Cebrian Just , Tabor Marnie , West Laura , Krause Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report an assessment for determining the contribution by diatoms to community productivity and respiration within a coastal benthic ecosystem with multiple autotrophs. During summer, cores of open sediment and seagrass habitat were collected from a lagoon within the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Cores were maintained in an outdoor mesocosm. Germanic acid, an inhibitor of diatom cell division, was added to half the cores and quantification of production and respiration was done. Inhibition of diatoms reduced benthic productivity within the seagrass habitat. 71–83% production was attributable to diatoms and this contribution moved the benthic system into net autotrophy. Diatom contribution to production in other habitat‐community components was more variable (varied from 0% to 86%). Findings underscore the ecological importance of diatoms as producers in seagrass beds, the role of seagrasses in maintaining productivity, and infer that diatoms may have similar contributions in other aquatic vegetated habitats.
A Removable Artificial Cell Wall for Withstanding Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Hu Hanjiao , Liang Xingtang , Wang Shuangshuang , Xu Zhijun , Li Junbo , Chen Haixu , Su Dongyue , Yin Yanzhen , Huang Zuqiang , Huang Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe pollution of antibiotics in aquaculture environment is increasingly serious, and excessive antibiotics will kill the probiotics in aquaculture feed. How to improve the viability of probiotics in the antibiotics‐contaminated environment is of significance. In this study, a new strategy for protecting Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in situ against antibiotics is constructed based on cell surface engineering technology by putting on wearable protective layers for cells. The protective layer is constructed around cellular surface via the self‐assembly of coacervate microdroplets that consist of carboxymethyl chitosan and carboxyl dextran. Without affecting the cell viability, the protective layer can grasp ciprofloxacin and decrease the contact of ciprofloxacin to cells and consequently improve the survival rate of cells when exposing to ciprofloxacin. This work highlights a facile strategy to establish removable artificial cell wall by biodegradable polysaccharides for improving the productivity of probiotics in antibiotic environments.
On the optimal disclosure of queue length information
Authors: Li Kaili , Cui Shiliang , Wang Jinting 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSimhon et al. (2016) proved that disclosing queue length to customers when the queue is shorter than some threshold and concealing the information otherwise cannot maximize the throughout of M/M/1 queues—when customers are familiar with the policy and the threshold. We show that said policy indeed maximizes throughput when customers do not have information of the policy. Furthermore, we prove that the socially optimal disclosure policy under this setting contains a “hole,” that is, it is socially optimal to disclose queue length to the customers when the queue is sufficiently short or sufficiently long but not disclose otherwise.
Fully discrete T‐ψ finite element method to solve a nonlinear induction hardening problem
Authors: Kang Tong , Wang Ran , Zhang Huai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study an induction hardening model described by Maxwell's equations coupled with a heat equation. The magnetic induction field is assumed a nonlinear constitutional relation and the electric conductivity is temperature‐dependent. The T‐ψ method is to transform Maxwell's equations to the vector–scalar potential formulations and to solve the potentials by means of the finite element method. In this article, we present a fully discrete T‐ψ finite element scheme for this nonlinear coupled problem and discuss its solvability. We prove that the discrete solution converges to a weak solution of the continuous problem. Finally, we conclude with two numerical experiments for the coupled system.
Hybrid and Model‐Based Iterative Reconstruction Influences the Volumetry of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue on Ultra‐Low‐Dose CT
Authors: Lambert Lukas , Novak Matej , Siklova Michaela , Krauzova Eva , Stich Vladimir , Burgetova Andrea 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare three different reconstruction algorithms for the volumetry of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) on ultra‐low‐dose computed tomography (CT) images.MethodsThirty‐seven male patients underwent ultra‐low‐dose CT at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra (22.5 mm in z‐axis). The acquisitions were reconstructed in 5‐mm slices with 50% overlap using filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), and iterative model‐based reconstruction (IMR) techniques. The volume of VAT and SAT was measured using an interactive seed‐growing segmentation and by thresholding (−30 to −190 HU).ResultsThe volume of SAT measured by the interactive method was smaller in FBP compared with both HIR (P = 0.0011) and IMR (P = 0.0034), and the volume of VAT was greater in IMR compared with HIR (P = 0.0253) or FBP (P = 0.0065). Using the thresholding method, IMR volumes of VAT were greater compared with HIR (P < 0.0001), and volumes of SAT were greater compared with both HIR and FBP (both P ≤ 0.0001). The VAT to SAT ratio was greater in IMR compared with HIR or FBP (both P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThere are significant differences among FBP, HIR, and IMR in the volumetry of SAT and VAT, their ratios, and attenuation measured on ultra‐low‐dose images.
L−Lysine Amino Acid Adsorption on Zeolite L: a Combined Synchrotron, X‐Ray and Neutron Diffraction Study
Authors: Beltrami Giada , Martucci Annalisa , Pasti Luisa , Chenet Tatiana , Ardit Matteo , Gigli Lara , Cescon Mirco , Suard Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the groups of Annalisa Martucci and Luisa Pasti at the University of Ferrara (Italy). The cover picture shows L‐lysine amino acid adsorption on zeolite L. The role of zeolite channels in the stabilization of the lysine absorbed and the effect of water on protein structure are elucidated at atomistic level. The stabilization of the L α‐helical conformation is related to strong H‐bonds between the tail aminogroups of lysine molecules and the Brønsted acid site as well as to complex intermolecular H‐bond system between water molecules, zeolite and amino acid. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.202000183.
Medical and rehabilitation interventions in pediatric central nervous system radiation necrosis: A case report
Authors: L'Hotta Allison J. , Thomas Kristin M. , Milgrom Sarah A. , Hemenway Molly S. , Levy Jean M. Mulcahy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRadiation necrosis is a potentially debilitating side effect of therapy necessary to treat pediatric central nervous system tumors. Clinical signs of cerebral radiation necrosis (CRN) are similar to symptoms of disease progression and require close monitoring. The case of an infant diagnosed with a malignant rhabdoid tumor is presented to describe the medical and rehabilitation interventions implemented to address CRN. Rehabilitation providers should routinely be consulted in children with CRN as they fill a critical role in treatment, neurological symptom monitoring, and intervention planning to address family‐centered functional goals.
Experimental investigation of the hydrostatic compression of a hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin under high‐pressure conditions at the full ocean depth
Authors: Zhai Gangjun , Ding Yue , Wang Yin , Ma Zhe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn experimental study was performed on a new composite material, namely, a hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin composite material. As a new type of solid buoyancy material, the proposed composite material is promising for use in submersible, deep‐sea oil risers. This composite material has many advantages, including the ability to bear extreme temperature, corrosion, and hydrostatic pressure up to tens of megapascals. In this study, the hydrostatic compression properties of six different mass filling ratio samples were tested based on an advanced triaxial testing system with varying temperatures. Some basic parameters, such as density, axial and radial stress‐strain curves, and volume strain, were obtained. The elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio were subjected to nonlinear fitting. Additionally, the elastic‐plastic performance was analyzed according to the residual strain. A new method to characterize the properties of the material is proposed. These data will be used to develop new constitutive models and to predict the structural strain in engineering applications under high hydrostatic compression.
Plant genetic variation drives geographic differences in atmosphere–plant–ecosystem feedbacks
Authors: Bayliss Shannon L. J. , Mueller Liam O. , Ware Ian M. , Schweitzer Jennifer A. , Bailey Joseph K. 
Published: September 2020

Why this research MattersThe objective of this study was to understand how genetic variation in a riparian species, Populus angustifolia, affects mass and energy exchange between the land and atmosphere across ~1,700 km of latitude of the western United States. To examine the potential for large‐scale land–atmosphere feedbacks in hydrologic processes driven by geographic differences in plant population traits, we use a physical hydrology model, paired field, and greenhouse observations of plant traits, and stable isotope compositions of soil, stem, and leaf water of P. angustifolia populations. Populations show patterns of local adaptation in traits related to landscape hydrologic functioning—a 47% difference in stomatal density in greenhouse conditions and a 74% difference in stomatal ratio in the field. Trait and stable isotope differences reveal that populations use water differently which is related to historical landscape hydrologic functioning (evapotranspiration and streamflow). Overall, results suggest that populations from landscapes with different hydrologic histories will differ in their ability to maintain favorable water balance with changing atmospheric demands for water, with ecosystem consequences.
The unusual delamination phenomenon of three kinds of lithium‐ion battery separators
Authors: Ding Lei , Zhang Daoxin , Wu Tong , Yang Feng , Lan Fang , Cao Ya , Xiang Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn unusual delamination phenomenon on three kinds of lithium‐ion battery separators was investigated in this study, which is closely associated with the compression resistance of the separator. The delamination trends of three kinds of polymer separators were analyzed systematically. Scanning electron microscopy, two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, compression and delamination tests show that a separator prepared by the dry process with uniaxial stretching delaminate hardest due to abundant connection or support structure along the thickness direction. However, the multilayer structure stacked along the thickness direction can be seen clearly for separators experiencing biaxial stretching, both for the dry process and wet process. In particular, a separator prepared by the wet process has the poorest connection or support structure along the thickness direction, leading to the strongest delamination trend and the worst compression resistance. Based on this, we control the delamination trend of the separator by adjusting the condensed structure of the precursor film. Besides, the delamination test can quantify the delamination trend of different kinds of separators accurately and further supplement the evaluation criteria of lithium‐ion battery separators, which can help us to better understand and design a separator with optimal microporous structure. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Catalytically Active Copper Phosphate–Dextran Sulfate Microparticle Coatings for Bioanalyte Sensing
Authors: Pacchin Tomanin Pietro , Bhangu Sukhvir Kaur , Caruso Frank , Cavalieri Francesca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEngineering reactive and functional nanostructured surfaces is important for enhancing the sensitivity and versatility of biosensors and microreactors. For example, the assembly of hybrid inorganic–organic porous microparticles on surfaces may provide a catalytic microenvironment for a wide range of reactions. Herein, the synthesis of catalytically active porous dextran sulfate–copper phosphate hybrid microparticles by a facile and rapid crystallization process in aqueous solution is reported. The sulfated polysaccharide enables control over the size and hierarchical morphology of the hybrid microparticles, as well as their assembly into stable macroporous coatings. The engineered microparticle coatings display intrinsic nonenzymatic peroxidase‐like catalytic activity when employed as a platform for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. Pairing of the microparticle coating with glucose oxidase affords a hybrid platform that is employed as a glucose sensor for monitoring physiological concentrations of a given analyte via a hybrid enzymatic/nonenzymatic cascade reaction. This work presents a strategy for the assembly of hybrid porous microparticles into enzyme‐mimicking surfaces for copper‐based catalysis and biochemical analyte sensing.
Preparation of Sub‐Micron Sized CL‐20 and Its Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Authors: Mao Xiaoxiang , Jiang Longfei , Li Yifan , Wang Xiaoming , Li Yanchun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh sensitivity limits the broad application of CL‐20 despite that it is considered as the most powerful explosive. Numerous efforts and technologies of fabricating CL‐20 with small particle size have been implemented for solving this problem. In this study, CL‐20 with sub‐micron particle size was prepared by superfine comminution technique. The results of impact and friction sensitivities tests showed that the mechanical sensitivities of CL‐20 were improved after ultra‐fine treatment. DSC results showed that the decomposition of CL‐20 advanced with the particle sizes decreased. The sub‐micron sized CL‐20 showed lower activation energy (Eα) compared to that of raw CL‐20, suggesting that particle size reduction is in favour of decreasing the threshold of decomposition. The reaction models of CL‐20 with different particle sizes could all be categorized as n‐th order reactions with autocatalysis. The function of reaction mechanism could be expressed as f(α)=(1‐α)n(1+kcat•α). On aspect of heat sensitivity, the results of deflagration point tests showed that although particle size had little influence on the deflagration point with 5 s delay time (Tb) of CL‐20, apparent activation energy of explosion (Eb) decreased apparently with the particle sizes decreased, which could impact the thermal sensitivity significantly.
Functional PPO2 mutations: co‐occurrence in one plant or the same ppo2 allele of herbicide‐resistant Amaranthus palmeri in the US mid‐south
Authors: Noguera Matheus M , Rangani Gulab , Heiser James , Bararpour Taghi , Steckel Lawrence E , Betz Michael , Porri Aimone , Lerchl Jens , Zimmermann Sophie , Nichols Robert L , Roma‐Burgos Nilda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDProtoporphyrinogen IX oxidase 2 (PPO2) inhibitors are important for the management of glyphosate‐ and acetolactate synthase‐resistant Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.]. The evolving resistance to PPO inhibitors is of great concern. We surveyed the evolution of resistance to fomesafen in the US Mid‐south and determined its correlation with the known functional PPO2 target‐site mutations (TSM).RESULTSThe 167 accessions analyzed were grouped into five categories, four resistant (147) and one susceptible (20). Arkansas accessions constituted 100% of the susceptible group while the Missouri accessions comprised 60% of the most resistant category. The majority of Mississippi accessions (88%) clustered in the high‐survival‐high‐injury category, manifesting an early‐stage resistance evolution. One hundred and fifteen accessions were genotyped for four known TSMs; 74% of accessions carried at least one TSM. The most common single TSM was ΔG210 (18% of accessions) and the predominant double mutation was ΔG210 + G399A (17%). Other mutations are likely less favorable, hence are rare. All TSMs were detected in three accessions. Further examination revealed that 9 and two individuals carried G399A + G210 and G399A + R128G TSM in the same allele, respectively. The existence of these combinations is supported by molecular modeling.CONCLUSIONSResistance to PPO inhibitors is widespread across the Mid‐southern USA. Highly resistant field populations have plants with multiple mutations. G399A is the most prone to co‐occur with other ppo2 mutations in the same allele. Mutation at R128 in the configuration of the PPO2 catalytic domain restrains the co‐occurrence of R128G with ΔG210, making ΔG210 + G399A the most plausible, tolerable functional mutation combination to co‐occur in the same ppo2 allele.