bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐contrast‐enhanced abdominal MRA at 3 T using velocity‐selective pulse trains
Authors: Zhu Dan , Li Wenbo , Liu Dapeng , Liu Guanshu , Pei Yigang , Shin Taehoon , Sedaghat Farzad , Qin Qin 
Published: February 2020

PurposeMost existing non‐contrast‐enhanced methods for abdominal MR arteriography rely on a spatially selective inversion (SSI) pulse with a delay to null both static tissue and venous blood, and are limited to small spatial coverage due to the sensitivity to slow arterial inflow. Velocity‐selective inversion (VSI) based approach has been shown to preserve the arterial blood inside the imaging volume at 1.5 T. Recently, velocity‐selective saturation (VSS) pulse trains were applied to suppress the static tissue and have been combined with SSI pulses for cerebral MR arteriography at 3 T. The aim of this study is to construct an abdominal MRA protocol with large spatial coverage at 3 T using advanced velocity‐selective pulse trains.MethodsMultiple velocity‐selective MRA protocols with different sequence modules and 3D acquisition methods were evaluated. Sequences using VSS only as well as SSI+VSS and VSI+VSS preparations were then compared among a group of healthy young and middle‐aged volunteers. Using MRA without any preparations as reference, relative signal ratios and relative contrast ratios of different vascular segments were quantitatively analyzed.ResultsBoth SSI+VSS and VSI+VSS arteriograms achieved high artery‐to‐tissue and artery‐to‐vein relative contrast ratios above aortic bifurcation. The SSI+VSS sequence yielded lower signal at the bilateral iliac arteries than VSI+VSS, reflecting the benefit of the VSI preparation for imaging the distal branches.ConclusionThe feasibility of noncontrast 3D MR abdominal arteriography was demonstrated on healthy volunteers using a combination of VSS pulse trains and SSI or VSI pulse.
Lower bound limit analysis of unsupported vertical circular excavations in rocks using Hoek‐Brown failure criterion
Authors: Kumar Jyant , Rahaman Obaidur 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe stability of vertical unsupported circular excavations in rock media, obeying generalized Hoek‐Brown yield criterion, has been investigated by using the lower bound finite elements limit analysis. An axisymmetric analysis, composed of a planar domain with a mesh of three‐noded triangular elements, has been carried out. The optimization problem is dealt with by using the semidefinite programming technique avoiding the need of either smoothing the yield surface or making any assumption associated with the circumferential stress (σθ). A detailed parametric study has been executed, and the effects of different input material parameters, namely, geological strength index (GSI), yield parameter (mi), and the disturbance factor (D) on the results have been studied. For different height to radius ratios of the excavation, the computed results are presented in the form of nondimensional stability numbers. Failure mechanisms have also been investigated for a few typical cases. The results from the analysis have been compared with that evaluated separately with the application of the software OptumG2.
Pancreatic safety of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Huilin , Yang Keming , Li Xin , Song Yiqing , Han Jiali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to systematically evaluate the association between sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and pancreatic safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsElectronic databases were searched before September 2019 to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SGLT2 inhibitors that reported any event on pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer among patients with T2DM. Peto odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to pool the data. The GRADE framework was introduced to assess the quality of evidence.ResultsOf the 35 trials involving 44 912 patients with T2DM included, 41 events of acute pancreatitis (19 trials; 32 932 patients), 72 events of overall pancreatitis (including acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, or nonspecific pancreatitis; 26 trials; 36 688 patients), and 40 events of pancreatic cancer (18 trials; 27 806 patients) were reported during a median follow‐up of 52 weeks. SGLT2 inhibitors were not associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis compared to controls (placebo or other active drugs; Peto OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.60‐2.13; moderate quality evidence). A similar result was found for risk of overall pancreatitis (Peto OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.67‐1.75; moderate quality evidence) and pancreatic cancer (Peto OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.71‐2.54; very low‐quality evidence).ConclusionsModerate quality evidence from RCTs shows no significantly increased risk of acute pancreatitis associated with SGLT2 inhibitors, while there is very low‐quality evidence suggesting no significant association between SGLT2 inhibitors and pancreatic cancer among patients with T2DM.
Does the method of visualization impact the performance of a new surgical task in novice subjects?
Authors: Kassam Mikaeel , Chakravarthi Srikant , Epping Austin , Erpenbeck Sarah , Singh Maharaj , Fukui Melanie B. , Kassam Amin B. , Rovin Richard A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvolution of optical technology from two‐dimensional to three‐dimensional (3D) systems has come with an associated loss of stereoscopy and 3D depth perception. This report compares performance of surgical tasks in unbiased subjects using these systems.MethodsUntrained subjects were randomized into two groups, robotically operated video optical telescopic‐microscope (ROVOT) or surgical microscope (microscope). Subjects sutured and tied knots. Completion time, NASA‐Task Load Index (TLX), and galvanic skin responses were analyzed.ResultsIntergroup analysis of suture completion time indicated that microscope use was significantly faster compared to ROVOT, whether used first or second. Regardless of which methodology was used first, the second modality was faster, indicating a transfer effect. NASA‐TLX indicated that mental, performance, effort, and frustration were all greater with ROVOT.ConclusionTask completion time and perceived effort were greater with ROVOT. Task completion times improved with repetition regardless of visual modality.
Size‐Extensive Molecular Machine Learning with Global Representations
Authors: Jung Hyunwook , Stocker Sina , Kunkel Christian , Oberhofer Harald , Han Byungchan , Reuter Karsten , Margraf Johannes T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMachine learning (ML) models are increasingly used in combination with electronic structure calculations to predict molecular properties at a much lower computational cost in high‐throughput settings. Such ML models require representations that encode the molecular structure, which are generally designed to respect the symmetries and invariances of the target property. However, size‐extensivity is usually not guaranteed for so‐called global representations. In this contribution, we show how extensivity can be built into global ML models using, e. g., the Many‐Body Tensor Representation. Properties of extensive and non‐extensive models for the atomization energy are systematically explored by training on small molecules and testing on small, medium and large molecules. Our results show that non‐extensive models are only useful in the size‐range of their training set, whereas extensive models provide reasonable predictions across large size differences. Remaining sources of error for extensive models are discussed.
Combined laparoscopic ovariectomy and laparoscopic‐assisted gastropexy versus combined laparoscopic ovariectomy and total laparoscopic gastropexy: A comparison of surgical time, complications and postoperative pain in dogs
Authors: Leonardi Fabio , Properzi Roberto , Rosa Jessica , Boschi Paolo , Paviolo Silvia , Costa Giovanna L. , Bendinelli Cristiano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe trend in laparoscopy is to develop easy and rapid techniques associated with reduced intraoperative complications and decreased postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to compare combined laparoscopic ovariectomy (OIE) and laparoscopic‐assisted incisional gastropexy (LAG) with combined laparoscopic OIE and total laparoscopic gastropexy (TLG) for surgical time, incidence of complications and postoperative pain. Twenty‐eight female dogs were randomly assigned to the LAG group (n = 14) or the TLG group (n = 14). All laparoscopic procedures were performed using a three‐port technique. The gastropexy was located 3 cm caudal to the 13th rib and 4 cm lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle. Surgical time (minutes [min]), intraoperative complications and postoperative complications were recorded. The Glasgow pain score (GPS) (short form) was calculated before surgery and at 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hr after extubation. Surgical time was significantly longer in the TLG group (48 ± 2 min) compared with the LAG group (39 ± 2 min). Minor postoperative complications occurred in both groups and included swelling (n = 2) and subcutaneous emphysema (n = 1). No significant differences regarding the GPS were recorded between groups. The GPS was significantly higher in both groups at 1 hr and 6 hr than before surgery. Two dogs in each group required rescue analgesia. Combined laparoscopic OIE and TLG require more time to perform than combined laparoscopic OIE and LAG. Neither procedure results in significant surgical complications. Postoperative pain for 24 hr was mild and comparable in both groups.
Effect of platform disturbance on the performance of offshore wind turbine under pitch control
Authors: Karimian Aliabadi Saeed , Rasekh Sepehr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aerodynamic performance of offshore floating wind turbines (OFWTs) is more complicated than onshore wind turbines due to 6‐degree of freedom (DOF) motion of the floating platform. In the current study, the aerodynamic analysis of a horizontal‐axis floating offshore wind turbine is performed with the aim of studying the effects of floating platform movement on the aerodynamic characteristics of the turbine in the presence of a pitch angle control system. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5‐MW offshore wind turbine is selected as the baseline wind turbine. For this sake, the unsteady blade element momentum method with dynamic stall and dynamic inflow models have been employed to obtain the unsteady aerodynamic loads. The baseline pitch angle control system is assumed to be coupled with the aerodynamic model to maintain the rated condition of the wind turbine and also to approach a closer model of wind turbine. In case of pitching motion input, the reduction of mean power coefficient for tip speed ratios (TSRs) less that 7 is expected by an amount of 16% to 20% at pitch amplitude of 2° and frequency of 0.1 Hz. For high TSRs, the trend is reverse with respect to fixed‐platform case. The mean thrust coefficient is reduced for almost all range of TSRs with maximum loss of 37%. Moreover, the mean control pitch angle that is an index of control system effort is increased. The results also represent the importance of considering the pitch control system for aerodynamic analysis of disturbed OFWT.
Genomic and functional genomics analyses of gluten proteins and prospect for simultaneous improvement of end-use and health-related traits in wheat
Authors: Wang Daowen , Li Feng , Cao Shuanghe , Zhang Kunpu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKey messageRecent genomic and functional genomics analyses have substantially improved the understanding on gluten proteins, which are important determinants of wheat grain quality traits. The new insights obtained and the availability of precise, versatile and high-throughput genome editing technologies will accelerate simultaneous improvement of wheat end-use and health-related traits.AbstractBeing a major staple food crop in the world, wheat provides an indispensable source of dietary energy and nutrients to the human population. As worldwide population grows and living standards rise in both developed and developing countries, the demand for wheat with high quality attributes increases globally. However, efficient breeding of high-quality wheat depends on critically the knowledge on gluten proteins, which mainly include several families of prolamin proteins specifically accumulated in the endospermic tissues of grains. Although gluten proteins have been studied for many decades, efficient manipulation of these proteins for simultaneous enhancement of end-use and health-related traits has been difficult because of high complexities in their expression, function and genetic variation. However, recent genomic and functional genomics analyses have substantially improved the understanding on gluten proteins. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the genomic and functional genomics information obtained in the last 10 years on gluten protein chromosome loci and genes and thecis- andtrans-factors regulating their expression in the grains, as well as the efforts in elucidating the involvement of gluten proteins in several wheat sensitivities affecting genetically susceptible human individuals. The new insights gathered, plus the availability of precise, versatile and high-throughput genome editing technologies, promise to speed up the concurrent improvement of wheat end-use and health-related traits and the development of high-quality cultivars for different consumption needs.
Concordance Study in Hepatectomy Recommendations Between Watson for Oncology and Clinical Practice for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in China
Authors: Zhang Weiqi , Qi Shuo , Zhuo Jiaming , Wen Sai , Fang Chihua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the improvement in diagnostic imaging, perioperative care and surgical technique, the indications and complexity of liver resections have developed. However, the surgical indications remain controversial especially for some complex or advanced hepatocellular carcinomas. This study was designed to evaluate the concordance between hepatectomy recommendations proposed by Watson for Oncology, a cognitive technology providing decision support, and those determined by surgeons in our center for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 243 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were recommended for surgical treatment and received hepatectomy between 2008 and 2016 at the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University. Watson for Oncology classified the treatment options into three categories: recommended, for consideration and not recommended. Treatment recommendations were considered concordant if the hepatectomy recommendations were designated “recommended” or “for consideration” by Watson for Oncology. The factors potentially affecting concordance rate were also analyzed in our study.ResultsThe hepatectomy recommendations of 174 patients were concordant. There were significant differences in the coincidence rate between concordant group and discordant group considering tumor numbers (P = 0.006), extension of hepatectomy (P = 0.009) and BCLC staging system (P < 0.001). Lower degrees of concordance were observed in patients with multiple tumors, major hepatectomy and portal hypertension by using logistic regression analysis (OR = 0.309, P = 0.004; OR = 0.384, P = 0.004; and OR = 0.376, P = 0.022, respectively).ConclusionThe concordance between Watson for Oncology and surgeons’ hepatectomy recommendation for hepatocellular carcinoma was only 72%. Differences in practice patterns for HCC between the USA (where Watson for Oncology was calibrated) and China may be the major cause of discordance. Watson for Oncology still requires further improvement and localization to be widely applied in China.
Electrophysiological examination of response-related interference while dual-tasking: is it motoric or attentional?
Authors: Jung Kyung Hun , Martin Tim , Ruthruff Eric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe possibility that interference between motor responses contributes to dual-task costs has long been neglected, yet is supported by several recent studies. There are two competing hypotheses regarding this response-related interference. The motor-bottleneck hypothesis asserts that the motor stage of Task 1 triggers a refractory period that delays the motor stage of Task 2. The response-monitoring hypothesis asserts that monitoring of the Task-1 motor response delays the response-selection stage of Task 2. Both hypotheses predict lengthening of Task-2 response time (RT2) when Task 1 requires motor processing relative to when it does not. However, they assume different loci for the response-related bottleneck, and therefore make different predictions regarding (a) the interaction between Task-1 motor requirement and the Task-2 difficulty effect as measured by RT2 and (b) the premotoric durations and motoric durations of Task 2 as measured by lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs). To test these predictions, we conducted two experiments manipulating the Task-1 motor requirement (Go vs. NoGo) and Task-2 response-selection difficulty, as well as the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA). Task-1 motor processing significantly lengthened RT2, suggesting response-related interference. Importantly, the Task-1 motor response reduced the Task-2 difficulty effect at the short SOA, indicating postponement of the Task-2 motor stage, consistent with the motor-bottleneck hypothesis. Further consistent with the motor-bottleneck hypothesis, the Task-2 LRP indicated a consistent premotoric duration of Task 2 regardless of Task-1 motor requirement. These results are difficult to reconcile with the response-monitoring hypotheses, which places the response-related bottleneck before the response-selection stage of Task 2. The results also have important implications regarding use of locus-of-slack logic in PRP studies.
eDNA als neues Werkzeug für das Gewässermonitoring – Potenzial und Rahmenbedingungen anhand ausgewählter Anwendungsbeispiele aus Österreich
Authors: Schenekar Tamara , Schletterer Martin , Weiss Steven 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wurden vermehrt DNA-basierte Methoden zur Unterstützung konventioneller Ansätze von Biodiversitätserhebungen vorgeschlagen. Hierbei wird der Verwendung von Umwelt-DNA (oder environmental DNA – eDNA) ein besonders großes Potenzial zur Verbesserung von Biomonitorings zugeschrieben. Anhand von eDNA kann man mittels Einzelartansätzen wie qPCRs gezielt Arten nachweisen, oder aber, mittels Metabarcoding die gesamte Artenzusammensetzung einer Zielgruppe beschreiben. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen kurzen Überblick über Potenzial und Rahmenbedingungen dieser Methoden und stellen drei kleine Pilotstudien von eDNA-Analysen in österreichischen Fließgewässern vor. Zwei Projekte testeten den Einsatz von eDNA-Metabarcoding-Analysen zur Erhebung der Fischfauna in Tiroler Gewässern, während in einer dritten Studie ein Test auf Anwesenheit der Europäischen Äsche in der Enns sowie im Johnsbach im Nationalpark Gesäuse evaluiert wurde. Des Weiteren werden die Vor- und Nachteile von eDNA-basierten Ansätzen im Vergleich mit konventionellen Methoden diskutiert.
How bugs are born: a model to identify how bugs are introduced in software components
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Gema , Robles Gregorio , Serebrenik Alexander , Zaidman Andy , Germán Daniel M. , Gonzalez-Barahona Jesus M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen identifying the origin of software bugs, many studies assume that “a bug was introduced by the lines of code that were modified to fix it”. However, this assumption does not always hold and at least in some cases, these modified lines are not responsible for introducing the bug. For example, when the bug was caused by a change in an external API. The lack of empirical evidence makes it impossible to assess how important these cases are and therefore, to which extent the assumption is valid. To advance in this direction, and better understand how bugs “are born”, we propose a model for defining criteria to identify the first snapshot of an evolving software system that exhibits a bug. This model, based on the perfect test idea, decides whether a bug is observed after a change to the software. Furthermore, we studied the model’s criteria by carefully analyzing how 116 bugs were introduced in two different open source software projects. The manual analysis helped classify the root cause of those bugs and created manually curated datasets with bug-introducing changes and with bugs that were not introduced by any change in the source code. Finally, we used these datasets to evaluate the performance of four existing SZZ-based algorithms for detecting bug-introducing changes. We found that SZZ-based algorithms are not very accurate, especially when multiple commits are found; the F-Score varies from 0.44 to 0.77, while the percentage of true positives does not exceed 63%. Our results show empirical evidence that the prevalent assumption, “a bug was introduced by the lines of code that were modified to fix it”, is just one case of how bugs are introduced in a software system. Finding what introduced a bug is not trivial: bugs can be introduced by the developers and be in the code, or be created irrespective of the code. Thus, further research towards a better understanding of the origin of bugs in software projects could help to improve design integration tests and to design other procedures to make software development more robust.
Dating Medieval Masonry Buildings by Radiocarbon Analysis of Mortar-Entrapped Relict Limekiln Fuels—a Buildings Archaeology
Authors: Thacker Mark 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper considers how the data returned by radiocarbon analysis of wood-charcoal mortar-entrapped relict limekiln fuels (MERLF) relates to other evidence for the construction of medieval northern European masonry buildings. A review of previous studies highlights evidence for probable residuality in the data and reflects on how this has impacted on resultant interpretations. A critical survey of various wood-fired mortar materials and lime-burning techniques is then presented, to highlight evidence suggesting that a broad spectrum of different limekiln fuels has been exploited in different periods and that growth, seasoning, carriage and construction times are variable. It is argued that radiocarbon analysis of MERLF fragments does not date building construction directly and the heterogeneity of the evidence demands our interpretations are informed by sample taphonomy. A framework of Bayesian modelling approaches is then advanced and applied to three Scottish case studies with contrasting medieval MERLF assemblages. Ultimately, these studies demonstrate that radiocarbon analysis of MERLF materials can generate reasonably precise date range estimates for the construction of medieval masonry buildings which are consistent with other archaeological, historical and architectural interpretations. The paper will highlight that these different types of evidence are often complementary and establish that radiocarbon dated building materials can provide an important focus for more holistic multidisciplinary interpretations of the historic environment in various periods.