bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aurora-A mediated phosphorylation of LDHB promotes glycolysis and tumor progression by relieving the substrate-inhibition effect
Authors: Cheng Aoxing , Zhang Peng , Wang Bo , Yang Dongdong , Duan Xiaotao , Jiang Yongliang , Xu Tian , Jiang Ya , Shi Jiahui , Ding Chengtao , Wu Gao , Sang Zhihong , Wu Qiang , Wang Hua , Wu Mian , Zhang Zhiyong , Pan Xin , Pan Yue-yin , Gao Ping , Zhang Huafeng , Zhou Cong-zhao , Guo Jing , Yang Zhenye 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOverexpressed Aurora-A kinase promotes tumor growth through various pathways, but whether Aurora-A is also involved in metabolic reprogramming-mediated cancer progression remains unknown. Here, we report that Aurora-A directly interacts with and phosphorylates lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), a subunit of the tetrameric enzyme LDH that catalyzes the interconversion between pyruvate and lactate. Aurora-A-mediated phosphorylation of LDHB serine 162 significantly increases its activity in reducing pyruvate to lactate, which efficiently promotes NAD+ regeneration, glycolytic flux, lactate production and bio-synthesis with glycolytic intermediates. Mechanistically, LDHB serine 162 phosphorylation relieves its substrate inhibition effect by pyruvate, resulting in remarkable elevation in the conversions of pyruvate and NADH to lactate and NAD+. Blocking S162 phosphorylation by expression of a LDHB-S162A mutant inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in cancer cells and xenograft models. This study uncovers a function of Aurora-A in glycolytic modulation and a mechanism through which LDHB directly contributes to the Warburg effect.
Fast and quantitative 2D and 3D orientation mapping using Raman microscopy
Authors: Ilchenko Oleksii , Pilgun Yuriy , Kutsyk Andrii , Bachmann Florian , Slipets Roman , Todeschini Matteo , Okeyo Peter Ouma , Poulsen Henning Friis , Boisen Anja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNon-destructive orientation mapping is an important characterization tool in materials science and geoscience for understanding and/or improving material properties based on their grain structure. Confocal Raman microscopy is a powerful non-destructive technique for chemical mapping of organic and inorganic materials. Here we demonstrate orientation mapping by means of Polarized Raman Microscopy (PRM). While the concept that PRM is sensitive to orientation changes is known, to our knowledge, an actual quantitative orientation mapping has never been presented before. Using a concept of ambiguity-free orientation determination analysis, we present fast and quantitative single-acquisition Raman-based orientation mapping by simultaneous registration of multiple Raman scattering spectra obtained at different polarizations. We demonstrate applications of this approach for two- and three-dimensional orientation mapping of a multigrain semiconductor, a pharmaceutical tablet formulation and a polycrystalline sapphire sample. This technique can potentially move traditional X-ray and electron diffraction type experiments into conventional optical laboratories.
A transferable machine-learning framework linking interstice distribution and plastic heterogeneity in metallic glasses
Authors: Wang Qi , Jain Anubhav 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhen metallic glasses (MGs) are subjected to mechanical loads, the plastic response of atoms is non-uniform. However, the extent and manner in which atomic environment signatures present in the undeformed structure determine this plastic heterogeneity remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that novel site environment features that characterize interstice distributions around atoms combined with machine learning (ML) can reliably identify plastic sites in several Cu-Zr compositions. Using only quenched structural information as input, the ML-based plastic probability estimates (“quench-in softness” metric) can identify plastic sites that could activate at high strains, losing predictive power only upon the formation of shear bands. Moreover, we reveal that a quench-in softness model trained on a single composition and quench rate substantially improves upon previous models in generalizing to different compositions and completely different MG systems (Ni62Nb38, Al90Sm10 and Fe80P20). Our work presents a general, data-centric framework that could potentially be used to address the structural origin of any site-specific property in MGs.
Saline aqueous fluid circulation in mantle wedge inferred from olivine wetting properties
Authors: Huang Yongsheng , Nakatani Takayuki , Nakamura Michihiko , McCammon Catherine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, high electrical conductors have been detected beneath some fore-arcs and are believed to store voluminous slab-derived fluids. This implies that the for-arc mantle wedge is permeable for aqueous fluids. Here, we precisely determine the dihedral (wetting) angle in an olivine–NaCl–H2O system at fore-arc mantle conditions to assess the effect of salinity of subduction-zone fluids on the fluid connectivity. We find that NaCl significantly decreases the dihedral angle to below 60° in all investigated conditions at concentrations above 5 wt% and, importantly, even at 1 wt% at 2 GPa. Our results show that slab-released fluid forms an interconnected network at relatively shallow depths of ~80 km and can partly reach the fore-arc crust without causing wet-melting and serpentinization of the mantle. Fluid transport through this permeable window of mantle wedge accounts for the location of the high electrical conductivity anomalies detected in fore-arc regions.
Nonmagnetic single-molecule spin-filter based on quantum interference
Authors: Pal Atindra Nath , Li Dongzhe , Sarkar Soumyajit , Chakrabarti Sudipto , Vilan Ayelet , Kronik Leeor , Smogunov Alexander , Tal Oren 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKey spin transport phenomena, including magnetoresistance and spin transfer torque, cannot be activated without spin-polarized currents, in which one electron spin is dominant. At the nanoscale, the relevant length-scale for modern spintronics, spin current generation is rather limited due to unwanted contributions from poorly spin-polarized frontier states in ferromagnetic electrodes, or too short length-scales for efficient spin splitting by spin-orbit interaction and magnetic fields. Here, we show that spin-polarized currents can be generated in silver-vanadocene-silver single molecule junctions without magnetic components or magnetic fields. In some cases, the measured spin currents approach the limit of ideal ballistic spin transport. Comparison between conductance and shot-noise measurements to detailed calculations reveals a mechanism based on spin-dependent quantum interference that yields very efficient spin filtering. Our findings pave the way for nanoscale spintronics based on quantum interference, with the advantages of low sensitivity to decoherence effects and the freedom to use non-magnetic materials.
BEN-solo factors partition active chromatin to ensure proper gene activation in Drosophila
Authors: Ueberschär Malin , Wang Huazhen , Zhang Chun , Kondo Shu , Aoki Tsutomu , Schedl Paul , Lai Eric C. , Wen Jiayu , Dai Qi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Drosophila genome encodes three BEN-solo proteins including Insensitive (Insv), Elba1 and Elba2 that possess activities in transcriptional repression and chromatin insulation. A fourth protein—Elba3—bridges Elba1 and Elba2 to form an ELBA complex. Here, we report comprehensive investigation of these proteins in Drosophila embryos. We assess common and distinct binding sites for Insv and ELBA and their genetic interdependencies. While Elba1 and Elba2 binding generally requires the ELBA complex, Elba3 can associate with chromatin independently of Elba1 and Elba2. We further demonstrate that ELBA collaborates with other insulators to regulate developmental patterning. Finally, we find that adjacent gene pairs separated by an ELBA bound sequence become less differentially expressed in ELBA mutants. Transgenic reporters confirm the insulating activity of ELBA- and Insv-bound sites. These findings define ELBA and Insv as general insulator proteins in Drosophila and demonstrate the functional importance of insulators to partition transcription units.
Infectious stimuli promote malignant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the absence of AID
Authors: Rodríguez-Hernández Guillermo , Opitz Friederike V. , Delgado Pilar , Walter Carolin , Álvarez-Prado Ángel F. , González-Herrero Inés , Auer Franziska , Fischer Ute , Janssen Stefan , Bartenhagen Christoph , Raboso-Gallego Javier , Casado-García Ana , Orfao Alberto , Blanco Oscar , Alonso-López Diego , Rivas Javier De Las , Tena-Dávila Sara González de , Müschen Markus , Dugas Martin , Criado Francisco Javier García , Cenador María Begoña García , Vicente-Dueñas Carolina , Hauer Julia , Ramiro Almudena R. , Sanchez-Garcia Isidro , Borkhardt Arndt 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe prerequisite to prevent childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is to decipher its etiology. The current model suggests that infection triggers B-ALL development through induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID; also known as AICDA) in precursor B-cells. This evidence has been largely acquired through the use of ex vivo functional studies. However, whether this mechanism governs native non-transplant B-ALL development is unknown. Here we show that, surprisingly, AID genetic deletion does not affect B-ALL development in Pax5-haploinsufficient mice prone to B-ALL upon natural infection exposure. We next test the effect of premature AID expression from earliest pro-B-cell stages in B-cell transformation. The generation of AID off-target mutagenic activity in precursor B-cells does not promote B-ALL. Likewise, known drivers of human B-ALL are not preferentially targeted by AID. Overall these results suggest that infections promote B-ALL through AID-independent mechanisms, providing evidence for a new model of childhood B-ALL development.
Emotionotopy in the human right temporo-parietal cortex
Authors: Lettieri Giada , Handjaras Giacomo , Ricciardi Emiliano , Leo Andrea , Papale Paolo , Betta Monica , Pietrini Pietro , Cecchetti Luca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHumans use emotions to decipher complex cascades of internal events. However, which mechanisms link descriptions of affective states to brain activity is unclear, with evidence supporting either local or distributed processing. A biologically favorable alternative is provided by the notion of gradient, which postulates the isomorphism between functional representations of stimulus features and cortical distance. Here, we use fMRI activity evoked by an emotionally charged movie and continuous ratings of the perceived emotion intensity to reveal the topographic organization of affective states. Results show that three orthogonal and spatially overlapping gradients encode the polarity, complexity and intensity of emotional experiences in right temporo-parietal territories. The spatial arrangement of these gradients allows the brain to map a variety of affective states within a single patch of cortex. As this organization resembles how sensory regions represent psychophysical properties (e.g., retinotopy), we propose emotionotopy as a principle of emotion coding.
CO2 hydrogenation to high-value products via heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Ye Run-Ping , Ding Jie , Gong Weibo , Argyle Morris D. , Zhong Qin , Wang Yujun , Russell Christopher K. , Xu Zhenghe , Russell Armistead G. , Li Qiaohong , Fan Maohong , Yao Yuan-Gen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, carbon dioxide capture and conversion, along with hydrogen from renewable resources, provide an alternative approach to synthesis of useful fuels and chemicals. People are increasingly interested in developing innovative carbon dioxide hydrogenation catalysts, and the pace of progress in this area is accelerating. Accordingly, this perspective presents current state of the art and outlook in synthesis of light olefins, dimethyl ether, liquid fuels, and alcohols through two leading hydrogenation mechanisms: methanol reaction and Fischer-Tropsch based carbon dioxide hydrogenation. The future research directions for developing new heterogeneous catalysts with transformational technologies, including 3D printing and artificial intelligence, are provided.
Stress experience and hormone feedback tune distinct components of hypothalamic CRH neuron activity
Authors: Kim Joon S. , Han Su Young , Iremonger Karl J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStress leaves a lasting impression on an organism and reshapes future responses. However, the influence of past experience and stress hormones on the activity of neural stress circuits remains unclear. Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons orchestrate behavioral and endocrine responses to stress and are themselves highly sensitive to corticosteroid (CORT) stress hormones. Here, using in vivo optical recordings, we find that CRH neurons are rapidly activated in response to stress. CRH neuron activity robustly habituates to repeated presentations of the same, but not novel stressors. CORT feedback has little effect on CRH neuron responses to acute stress, or on habituation to repeated stressors. Rather, CORT preferentially inhibits tonic CRH neuron activity in the absence of stress stimuli. These findings reveal how stress experience and stress hormones modulate distinct components of CRH neuronal activity to mediate stress-induced adaptations.
Computational modeling demonstrates that glioblastoma cells can survive spatial environmental challenges through exploratory adaptation
Authors: Celiku Orieta , Gilbert Mark R. , Lavi Orit 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive type of brain cancer with remarkable cell migration and adaptation capabilities. Exploratory adaptation—utilization of random changes in gene regulation for adaptive benefits—was recently proposed as the process enabling organisms to survive unforeseen conditions. We investigate whether exploratory adaption explains how GBM cells from different anatomic regions of the tumor cope with micro-environmental pressures. We introduce new notions of phenotype and phenotype distance, and determine probable spatial-phenotypic trajectories based on patient data. While some cell phenotypes are inherently plastic, others are intrinsically rigid with respect to phenotypic transitions. We demonstrate that stochastic exploration of the regulatory network structure confers benefits through enhanced adaptive capacity in new environments. Interestingly, even with exploratory capacity, phenotypic paths are constrained to pass through specific, spatial-phenotypic ranges. This work has important implications for understanding how such adaptation contributes to the recurrence dynamics of GBM and other solid tumors.
Differential cardiovascular responses to cutaneous afferent subtypes in a nociceptive intersegmental spinal reflex
Authors: Lee Hyun Joon , White Jason M. , Chung Jumi , Malone Patrick , DeWeerth Stephen P. , Tansey Keith E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrical stimulation to segmental dorsal cutaneous nerves (DCNs) activates a nociceptive sensorimotor reflex and the same afferent stimulation also evokes blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses in rats. To investigate the relationship between those cardiovascular responses and the activation of nociceptive afferents, we analyzed BP and HR responses to electrical stimulations at each DCN from T6 to L1 at 0.5 mA to activate A-fiber alone or 5 mA to activate both A- and C-fibers at different frequencies. Evoked cardiovascular responses showed a decrease and then an increase in BP and an increase and then a plateau in HR. Segmentally, both cardiovascular responses tended to be larger when evoked from the more rostral DCNs. Stimulation frequency had a larger effect on cardiovascular responses than the rostrocaudal level of the DCN input. Stimulation strength showed a large effect on BP changes dependent on C-fibers whereas HR changes were dependent on A-fibers. Additional A-fiber activation by stimulating up to 4 adjacent DCNs concurrently, but only at 0.5 mA, affected HR but not BP. These data support that cutaneous nociceptive afferent subtypes preferentially contribute to different cardiovascular responses, A-fibers to HR and C-fibers to BP, with temporal (stimulation frequency) and spatial (rostrocaudal level) dynamics.
Collaborating constructively for sustainable biotechnology
Authors: Matthews Nicholas E. , Cizauskas Carrie A. , Layton Donovan S. , Stamford Laurence , Shapira Philip 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTackling the pressing sustainability needs of society will require the development and application of new technologies. Biotechnology, emboldened by recent advances in synthetic biology, offers to generate sustainable biologically-based routes to chemicals and materials as alternatives to fossil-derived incumbents. Yet, the sustainability potential of biotechnology is not without trade-offs. Here, we probe this capacity for sustainability for the case of bio-based nylon using both deliberative and analytical approaches within a framework ofConstructive Sustainability Assessment. We highlight the potential for life cycle CO2and N2O savings with bio-based processes, but report mixed results in other environmental and social impact categories. Importantly, we demonstrate how this knowledge can be generated collaboratively and constructively within companies at an early stage to anticipate consequences and to inform the modification of designs and applications. Application of the approach demonstrated here provides an avenue for technological actors to better understand and become responsive to the sustainability implications of their products, systems and actions.
Temporomandibular joint anchorage surgery: a 5-year follow-up study
Authors: Liu Xiuming , Zhou Zhihang , Mao Yi , Chen Xuzhuo , Zheng Jisi , Yang Chi , Zhang Shanyong , Huo Liang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to confirm the 5-year efficiency of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anchorage, using clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We also studied the influence of disc length and position on efficiency and postoperative condylar height. Sixty-one patients (76 joints) undergoing TMJ disc anchorage were followed up for >5 years. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score and maximum mouth-opening pre-and postsurgery were analysed and patient satisfaction recorded. Disc length, condyle height and disc position pre- and postsurgery were measured using MRI. Patients were ranked as A, B or C degree according to postoperative disc condyle position. Mean follow-up time was 71.34 months. Maximum mouth-opening improved by 14.34 ± 5.87 mm, and VAS score decreased by 33.44 ± 20.56 (P < 0.05). Clinical evaluation efficiency was 84.21%; patient satisfaction rate was 85.53%. On follow-up MRI, 68 joints were judged A or B degree (89.67%). Disc length was 7.96 ± 1.38 mm, 7.10 ± 1.41 mm and 5.75 ± 1.16 mm in A, B and C groups, respectively. In patients evaluated as C, condylar height decreased by 0.43 ± 1.36 mm, while increasing by 0.67 ± 1.88 mm and 0.51 ± 1.09 mm in A and B groups, respectively (all P < 0.05). We concluded that anchorage surgery improves mouth-opening and eliminates pain, longer disc length is related to better postoperative disc position, and significant condylar reconstruction occurs after disc repositioning. MRI confirmed that TMJ disc anchorage is reliable 5 years postsurgery.
Oral Microbiota Development in Early Childhood
Authors: Kennedy Beatrice , Peura Sari , Hammar Ulf , Vicenzi Silvia , Hedman Anna , Almqvist Catarina , Andolf Ellika , Pershagen Göran , Dicksved Johan , Bertilsson Stefan , Fall Tove 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly life determinants of the oral microbiota have not been thoroughly elucidated. We studied the association of birth and early childhood characteristics with oral microbiota composition using 16 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing in a population-based Swedish cohort of 59 children sampled at 6, 12 and 24 months of age. Repeated-measurement regression models adjusted for potential confounders confirmed and expanded previous knowledge about the profound shift of oral microbiota composition in early life. These alterations included increased alpha diversity, decreased beta diversity and alteration of bacterial composition with changes in relative abundance of 14 of the 20 most common operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We also found that birth characteristics, breastfeeding and antibiotic use were associated with overall phyla distribution and/or with the relative abundance of specific OTUs. Further, we detected a novel link between morning salivary cortisol level, a physiological marker of neuroendocrine activity and stress, and overall phyla distribution as well as with decreased abundance of the most common OTU mapped to the Streptococcaceae family. In conclusion, a major part of the maturation of the oral microbiome occurs during the first two years of life, and this development may be influenced by early life circumstances.
The improvement of photocatalysis O2 production over BiVO4 with amorphous FeOOH shell modification
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shi Lei , Geng Zhongxing , Ren Tieqiang , Yang Zhanxu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel amorphous FeOOH modified BiVO4 photocatalyst (A-FeOOH/BiVO4) was successfully produced and characterized by various techniques. The results showed that amorphous FeOOH with about 2 nm thickness evenly covered on BiVO4 surface, which caused resultant A-FeOOH/BiVO4 exhibiting higher visible light photocatalytic performance for producing O2 from water than BiVO4. When the covered amount of amorphous FeOOH was 8%, the resultant photocatalyst possessed the best photocatalytic performance. To find the reasons for the improvement of photocatalytic property, electrochemical experiments, DRS, PL and BET, were also measured, the experimental results indicated that interface effect between amorphous FeOOH and BiVO4 could conduce to migration of photogenerated charge, and exhibit stronger light responded capacity. These positive factors promoted A-FeOOH/BiVO4 presenting improved the photocatalytic performance. In a word, the combination of amorphous FeOOH with BiVO4 is an effective strategy to conquer important challenges in photocatalysis field.
Hermaphrodites and parasitism: size-specific female reproduction drives infection by an ephemeral parasitic castrator
Authors: Fong Caitlin R. , Kuris Armand M. , Hechinger Ryan F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSex can influence patterns of parasitism because males and females can differ in encounter with, and susceptibility to, parasites. We investigate an isopod parasite (Hemioniscus balani) that consumes ovarian fluid, blocking female function of its barnacle host, a simultaneous hermaphrodite. As a hermaphrodite, sex is fluid, and individuals may allocate energy differentially to male versus female reproduction. We predicted the relationship between barnacle size and female reproductive function influences the distribution of parasites within barnacle populations. We surveyed 12 populations spanning ~400 km of coastline of southern California and found intermediate-sized barnacles where most likely to be actively functioning as females. While it is unclear why larger individuals are less likely to be actively reproducing as females, we suggest this reduced likelihood is driven by increased investment in male reproductive effort at larger sizes. The female function-size relationship was mirrored by the relationship between size and parasitism. We suggest parasitism by Hemioniscus balani imposes a cost to female function, reinforcing the lack of investment in female function by the largest individuals. Within the subset of suitable (=female) hosts, infection probability increased with size. Hence, the distribution of female function, combined with selection for larger hosts, primarily dictated patterns of infection.