bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Between Spiderman and the Incredible Hulk: Crises of Collage, Mutating Identities, and Collective Subjectivities
Authors: Valente Joseph Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, the reader will find a careful analysis of the impact of mutating identities written by a deaf educational anthropologist who places himself squarely in the liminal zone of identity as an in-betweener, identifying himself as culturally Deaf and as a deaf person who speaks. Using this as a starting point, he argues for a shift from a politics of identity toward a politics of vitalism that rejects a focus on individual bodies and differences and instead focuses on flows of vitality that emerge through difference and movement across multiple bodies and identities. In so doing, he disavows an essentialist and dualistic “us-them” framework and elucidates the richness of the in-between. This serves as a generative force to move beyond a subject’s struggle for an unattainable unified identity and instead seek connections with multiple bodies.
The Many Faces of a Himalayan Goddess
Authors: Halperin Ehud 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Haḍimbā is a major village goddess in the Kullu Valley of the West Indian Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, a mountainous, rural area known as the Land of Gods. This book is an ethnographic study of Haḍimbā and her dynamic, mutually formative relationship with her community of followers. It explores the part played by the goddess in her devotees’ lives, particularly in their encounters with players, powers, and ideas both local and external, such as invading royal forces, colonial forms of knowledge, and, more recently, modernity, capitalism, tourism, and ecological change. Haḍimbā is revealed as a complex social agent, a dynamic ritual and conceptual compound, which both mirrors her devotees and serves as a platform for them to reflect on, debate, give meaning to, and sometimes resist their changing realities. The goddess herself, it emerges, also changes in the process. Drawing on diverse ethnographic and textual materials gathered during periods of extensive fieldwork from 2009 to 2017, this study is rich with myths, accounts of dramatic rituals, and descriptions of everyday life in the region. The book employs an interdisciplinary approach to tell the story of Haḍimbā from the ground up, or rather from the center out, portraying the goddess in varying contexts that radiate outward from her temple to local, regional, national, and indeed global spheres. The resulting account makes an important contribution to the study of Indian village goddesses, lived Hinduism, Himalayan Hinduism, and the rapidly growing field of religion and ecology.
Introduction
Authors: Halperin Ehud 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The book opens with a firsthand account of a grand buffalo sacrifice that was offered to the goddess Haḍimbā in 2009. The author, sitting on the roof of a nearby structure from which he could view the event, realized that this position was detached from the intense activities on the ground. As people below shouted, pushed, and clung to each other in an attempt to find a better spot, the author remained high and far away. This charged moment serves as an ethnographic starting point for a discussion of the methodology employed in the book: a multiperspective, interdisciplinary, and context-dependent portrayal of the goddess Haḍimbā and her cult, which is expansive in orientation and emphasizes the role of encounters. This is preferred to an allegedly all-encompassing account that imposes a single historical or theological narrative, articulated from a fictitious, transcendent viewpoint held by no one on the ground.
Assembling the Ritual Core
Authors: Halperin Ehud 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents the vivid core of the ritual embodiment of the goddess Haḍimbā, namely her rath, a palanquin-like structure carried on devotees’ shoulders. It is through the movements of this ritual vehicle and the accompanying sessions of oracular possession that the goddess manifests and interacts with her devotees. Haḍimbā is revealed in these performances as an assembled entity, whose cognition and knowledge are distributed in networks of humans, objects, and environments, and whose actions are shaped in ritual arenas. Furthermore, the ritual encounters of her rath with those of other village deities integrate Haḍimbā into the regional web of ritual associations and establish her as a representative of her community. These rituals thus contribute to social formations of Haḍimbā’s community of followers, and she herself is established in them as a complex social agent who is pivotal to both communal stability and change.
Encountering Epic India
Authors: Halperin Ehud 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Despite the diversity of Haḍimbā’s character, in recent decades the goddess has become primarily identified with the demoness Hiḍimbā, a renowned figure from the Mahabharata. Drawing on diverse types of materials, this chapter analyzes this identification in light of the different processes indicated by the term Sanskritization, which is also closely explored. Whereas the origins of Haḍimbā’s epic associations remain uncertain, it becomes clear that their current foregrounding is the result of yet another set of encounters and interactions with local, regional, and extraregional forces and ideas. Haḍimbā again emerges here as a complex persona, who serves as a conceptual arena for her devotees to reflect on their self-perception and sense of belonging and to recast their own cultural marginality in a new, inclusive, and rather flattering light. The chapter concludes by showing how the process of Haḍimbā’s Mahabharatization projects outward in ever-growing circles.
Negotiating National Hinduism
Authors: Halperin Ehud 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The chapter explores a heated controversy that has developed in the Kullu Valley in recent decades, as blood sacrifices to Haḍimbā have come under severe theological, moral, and very practical attack. These sacrifices have turned into an arena for struggle over matters of cosmology, society, ethics, religious freedom, and political sovereignty. In the process, Haḍimbā’s own character has become part of the debate, as has her devotees’ perception of themselves and how they present themselves to others. Sacrifice to the goddess—its performance as well as its accompanying theological discourse—has thus become an arena in which local identity, of divine and human actors alike, is presented, debated, and reconstructed in ways that are mutually formative and closely intertwined.
Confronting the Global
Authors: Halperin Ehud 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As local residents report and scientific evidence shows, the Kullu Valley is warming up. This chapter analyzes practitioners’ interpretations of and engagement with the changing climate, as well as Haḍimbā’s centrality to their reasoning in this regard. It presents the holistic worldview held by Haḍimbā’s devotees, namely their notions about dharma and cosmic interconnectedness and the ways this worldview underlies their thoughts about and actions concerning the changing climate. It also traces how villagers associate the weather irregularities with the socioeconomic transformations that have taken place in their lives in recent years, following the introduction of modernity, capitalism, and tourism in the region, as well as their creeping doubts concerning the very validity of their holistic worldview. The chapter illustrates both the continuities and the shifts in how followers perceive Haḍimbā’s command over the weather and her agency more broadly.
Sleep Among Older Adults
Authors: Stone, PhD Katie L. , Li Vicki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As Americans live longer, growth in the number of older adults is unprecedented. In 2014, 14.5% (46.3 million) of the U.S. population was aged 65 or older, and this is projected to reach 23.5% (98 million) by 2060. This chapter focuses on sleep among older adults, defined as at least 65 years old, and includes a discussion on sleep and retirement. The chapter especially discusses variation of sleep and sleep disorders in this age group and associations with frailty and disease and provides a social determinants perspective. Social/environmental factors that impact sleep in older adults include the impact of retirement, caregiving, institutionalization, and other key life transitions. Important sex and gender differences among older adults are also discussed.
The Sanctuary City in Historical Perspective
Authors: Collingwood Loren , O’Brien Benjamin Gonzalez 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines how the Sanctuary Movement influenced the first city-level sanctuary declarations, as well as how these policies evolved from the 1980s to 2010s. Charting both shifts in the language of the policies themselves, as well as the political events leading to their passage, this chapter paints a picture of how conflicts over immigration enforcement and refugee policy have shaped modern sanctuary policies.
Media Coverage of Sanctuary Cities, 1980–2017
Authors: Collingwood Loren , O’Brien Benjamin Gonzalez 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The intended beneficiaries of sanctuary policies changed from refugees in the 1980s to undocumented immigrants in the 2000s. This chapter charts the shift in the tone and tenor of media coverage during that time. In the 1980s this coverage tended to emphasize how religion and morality influenced both the Sanctuary Movement and the cities that declared themselves “cities of refuge” in solidarity. By the 2000s, and particularly in the Trump era, the media have increasingly covered the partisan divides over the issue and debates over the role of these policies in increasing crime rates. This chapter also discusses the likely role this coverage has had on public opinion on the issue.
The Society of Prisoners
Authors: Morieux Renaud 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
War captivity is an ideal observatory to address three interrelated questions. First, I argue that in order to understand what a prisoner of war was in the eighteenth century, from a legal viewpoint, we must forget what we know about this notion, as it has been shaped by twentieth-century international conventions. In the eighteenth century, the distinction between a prisoner of war, a hostage, a criminal and a slave was not always clear-cut, in theory and even more so in practice. Second, war captivity tells us something important about the eighteenth-century state, how it transformed itself, and why it endured. The third approach is a social history of international relations. The aim here is to understand how eighteenth-century societies were impacted by war: how the detention of foreign enemies on home soil revealed and challenged social values, representations, hierarchies, and practices. The book’s argument hinges on the experience of prisoners of war as the pivot of social relations within and outside the prison, between Britons and French and between prisoners and host communities. War does not simply destroy society, but it also creates new sorts of social ties.The book addresses a wide range of topics, such as the ethics of war, philanthropy, forced migrations, the sociology of the prison and the architecture of detention places. One of its strengths is the sheer magnitude and diversity of the archival material used, in English and in French, most of which have been little explored by other historians.
Placing Autobiographical Memory in a General Memory Organization
Authors: Rubin David C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter explains a model of autobiographical memory based on the dimensions of self-reference, the construction of scenes needed to create memories of events, explicit versus implicit memory, emotional intensity, uncertainty, and other processes of memory. The model is an extension of the basic systems model and event memory, which when combined resolve many inconsistencies in the current literature, integrate the behavioral and neural level of analysis more efficiently, and identify new research questions. In doing so, it places autobiographical memory into a well-specified organization with other types of memory and psychological topics and thus into a broader context not attempted in earlier models of autobiographical memory. These topics include episodic memory, memory for fiction and film, other people’s memories, personality, habits, phobias, and déjà vu. The behavioral and neural evidence used to define, support, and evaluate the model locates autobiographical memory in a knowledge-rich, more easily applied memory organization.
To Serve the Enemy
Authors: Darcy Shane 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The use of informers and other collaborators by parties to an armed conflict is a common yet often concealed practice in times of war. Despite the prevalence of such activity, and the serious and at times fatal consequences that befall those who collaborate with an enemy, international law applicable in times of armed conflict does not squarely address the phenomenon. The recruitment, use, and treatment of informers and other collaborators is addressed only partially and at times indirectly by international humanitarian law. While international law recognises the widespread and enduring phenomenon of individuals cooperating with an opposing side during an armed conflict, it treats it with some ambivalence. The lawfulness of resort to the practice is generally accepted in principle, yet international law seeks to place certain limits, including restrictions on the methods employed in the recruitment, use, and treatment of informers and other collaborators during armed conflict. This book examines the development and application of the relevant rules and principles of the laws of armed conflict in relation to collaboration. The author focuses primarily on international humanitarian law as applicable to various forms of collaboration but also provides an assessment of the potential role of international human rights law. The book examines the law and practice concerning the phenomenon of collaboration during both international and non-international armed conflicts.
Quantum 20/20
Authors: Kenyon Ian R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This text reviews fundametals and incorporates key themes of quantum physics. One theme contrasts boson condensation and fermion exclusivity. Bose–Einstein condensation is basic to superconductivity, superfluidity and gaseous BEC. Fermion exclusivity leads to compact stars and to atomic structure, and thence to the band structure of metals and semiconductors with applications in material science, modern optics and electronics. A second theme is that a wavefunction at a point, and in particular its phase is unique (ignoring a global phase change). If there are symmetries, conservation laws follow and quantum states which are eigenfunctions of the conserved quantities. By contrast with no particular symmetry topological effects occur such as the Bohm–Aharonov effect: also stable vortex formation in superfluids, superconductors and BEC, all these having quantized circulation of some sort. The quantum Hall effect and quantum spin Hall effect are ab initio topological. A third theme is entanglement: a feature that distinguishes the quantum world from the classical world. This property led Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen to the view that quantum mechanics is an incomplete physical theory. Bell proposed the way that any underlying local hidden variable theory could be, and was experimentally rejected. Powerful tools in quantum optics, including near-term secure communications, rely on entanglement. It was exploited in the the measurement of CP violation in the decay of beauty mesons. A fourth theme is the limitations on measurement precision set by quantum mechanics. These can be circumvented by quantum non-demolition techniques and by squeezing phase space so that the uncertainty is moved to a variable conjugate to that being measured. The boundaries of precision are explored in the measurement of g-2 for the electron, and in the detection of gravitational waves by LIGO; the latter achievement has opened a new window on the Universe. The fifth and last theme is quantum field theory. This is based on local conservation of charges. It reaches its most impressive form in the quantum gauge theories of the strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions, culminating in the discovery of the Higgs. Where particle physics has particles condensed matter has a galaxy of pseudoparticles that exist only in matter and are always in some sense special to particular states of matter. Emergent phenomena in matter are successfully modelled and analysed using quasiparticles and quantum theory. Lessons learned in that way on spontaneous symmetry breaking in superconductivity were the key to constructing a consistent quantum gauge theory of electroweak processes in particle physics.
Voices and Books in the English Renaissance
Authors: Richards Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Two ideas lie at the heart of this study and its claim that we need a new history of reading: that voices in books can affect us deeply; that printed books can be brought to life with the voice. Voices and Books offers a new history of reading focused on the oral and voice-aware silent reader, rather than the historical reader we have privileged in the last few decades, who is invariably male, silent, and alone. It recovers the vocality of education for boys and girls in Renaissance England, and the importance of training in pronuntiatio (delivery) for oral-aural literary culture. It offers the first attempt to recover the voice—and tone—from textual sources. It explores what happens when we bring voice to text, how vocal tone realizes or changes textual meaning, and how the literary writers of the past tried to represent their own and others’ voices, as well as manage and exploit the voices of their readers. It offers fresh readings of the key Tudor authors who anticipated oral readers: John Bale, Anne Askew, William Baldwin, Thomas Nashe. And it aims to rethink what a printed book can be, searching the printed page for vocal cues, and exploring the neglected role of the voice in the printing process.
The Limits of Harrington’s Republicanism
Authors: Hammersley Rachel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
While Harrington was a republican of a certain kind, his thought was not always typical of this discourse, resulting in conflict with other republicans of the time. Chapter 5 traces the limits of Harrington’s republicanism, examining his attitude towards royalists and considering the relativism reflected in his acknowledgment that absolute monarchy may be the best form of government for certain states. The chapter demonstrates that Harrington did not see his model as incompatible with a single figurehead. The Lord Archon in Oceana acts both as legislator and as princely ruler or doge. Harrington was then a pluralist, not an exclusivist, republican, more concerned with the exercise of popular power at the foundation of the system than with whether one or a few ruled at its apex. He thus offered a middle way between traditional monarchy and kingless republicanism, rendering more understandable his relations with Charles Stuart and Charles Louis.
Innovation in Substance: Democracy
Authors: Hammersley Rachel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The emergence of modern democracy has tended to be associated with the eighteenth rather than the seventeenth century. Yet, as Chapter 7 shows, the English Revolution not only provoked proto-democratic ideas among the Levellers, but also led Harrington to embrace both the terminology and the substance of democracy. Harrington deliberately used this term to describe his model constitution, thereby tarnishing the ‘oligarchic’ pretensions of his opponents, and associating democracy with Sparta rather than Athens and therefore with a popular veto rather than popular debate. In Oceana, Harrington advocated a highly inclusive citizen body the members of which could exercise considerable political powers. He also expressed his commitment to meritocracy, which would be secured within his system. Ultimately, the chapter argues that Harrington’s distinctive understanding of democracy was both novel and influential.
Controversies About History
Authors: Hammersley Rachel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Harrington engaged in controversy over particular historical models, over appropriate historical methodology, and over the relevance of history to politics. He sought not merely to impose past models in the present, but to use research into the past to inform present judgement. Harrington treated the commonwealth of Israel like any other ancient model, and emphasized its Erastianism and, more controversially, its democratic character. Sparta too was presented by him as a ‘democratic’ state against those who emphasized its monarchical or oligarchical elements. Harrington’s theory about the relationship between land and power was also grounded in his historical analysis, providing him with a distinctive account of the causes of the English Civil War. Finally, Harrington’s historical methodology set him at odds with those who championed mathematical over historical demonstration. In his historical debate, as in other aspects of his work, Harrington was charting his own middle course.
The Rota Club
Authors: Hammersley Rachel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 14 offers a novel and comprehensive account of the Rota Club, established by Harrington in the autumn of 1659. As well as seizing the opportunity for political speculation, the Rota Club took Harrington’s experimentation with form to a new level. It provided a means of putting into practice two of the more controversial elements of Harrington’s programme: open and inclusive membership of the citizen body, and the debating and balloting procedure. By welcoming members with diverse political and religious views to the Club, and encouraging them to engage in political debate in a peaceful and constructive manner, Harrington was showing that inclusive citizenship would not automatically lead to chaos. By instituting a formal system of debate and the use of a balloting box, Harrington was providing an opportunity for people to experience the controversial decision-making procedure he had described in Oceana.
Conclusion
Authors: Hammersley Rachel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Conclusion explores the gains of approaching Harrington from beyond the republican paradigm. In the first place, we see more clearly the complexity and atypicality of Harrington’s republicanism, and even the possibility of characterizing him as a democrat. Secondly, it is evident that Harrington was neither wholly ancient nor thoroughly modern, but cut a distinctive path between the two. Moreover, his pursuit of a middle way is also reflected in his insistence on post-Civil War reconciliation and in the character of his republicanism, his democracy, his religious views, and his underlying philosophical position. Finally, Harrington’s contributions to historical, religious, and philosophical thought can now be more fully appreciated, along with his innovations in the form and presentation of his works. These findings not only enhance our perspective on Harrington, but have wider implications for our understanding of the seventeenth century and the discipline of intellectual history.