bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change induced vulnerability and adaption for dengue incidence in Colombo and Kandy districts: the detailed investigation in Sri Lanka
Authors: Udayanga Lahiru , Gunathilaka Nayana , Iqbal M. C. M. , Abeyewickreme W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Assessing the vulnerability of an infectious disease such as dengue among endemic population is an important requirement to design proactive programmes in order to improve resilience capacity of vulnerable communities. The current study aimed to evaluate the climate change induced socio-economic vulnerability of local communities to dengue in Colombo and Kandy districts of Sri Lanka.

Methods
A total of 42 variables (entomological, epidemiological, meteorological parameters, land-use practices and socio-demographic data) of all the 38 Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas in the districts of Colombo and Kandy were considered as candidate variables for a composite index based vulnerability assessment. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used in selecting and setting the weight for each indicator. Exposure, Sensitivity, Adaptive Capacity and Vulnerability of all MOH areas for dengue were calculated using the composite index approach recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Results
Out of 42 candidate variables, only 23 parameters (Exposure Index: six variables; Sensitivity Index: 11 variables; Adaptive Capacity Index: six variables) were selected as indicators to assess climate change vulnerability to dengue. Colombo Municipal Council (CMC) MOH area denoted the highest values for exposure (0.89: exceptionally high exposure), sensitivity (0.86: exceptionally high sensitivity) in Colombo, while Kandy Municipal Council (KMC) area reported the highest exposure (0.79: high exposure) and sensitivity (0.77: high sensitivity) in Kandy. Piliyandala MOH area denoted the highest level of adaptive capacity (0.66) in Colombo followed by Menikhinna (0.68) in Kandy. The highest vulnerability (0.45: moderate vulnerability) to dengue was indicated from CMC and the lowest indicated from Galaha MOH (0.15; very low vulnerability) in Kandy. Interestingly the KMC MOH area had a notable vulnerability of 0.41 (moderate vulnerability), which was the highest within Kandy.

Conclusions
In general, vulnerability for dengue was relatively higher within the MOH areas of Colombo, than in Kandy, suggesting a higher degree of potential susceptibility to dengue within and among local communities of Colombo. Vector Controlling Entities are recommended to consider the spatial variations in vulnerability of local communities to dengue for decision making, especially in allocation of limited financial, human and mechanical resources for dengue epidemic management.
The role of isolation rooms, facemasks and intensified hand hygiene in the prevention of nosocomial COVID-19 transmission in a pulmonary clinical setting
Authors: Zhang Gu-Qin , Pan Hua-Qin , Hu Xing-Xing , He Shao-Jun , Chen Yi-Fei , Wei Chao-Jie , Ni Lan , Zhang Li-Ping , Cheng Zhen-Shun , Yang Jiong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFrom December 25, 2019 to January 31, 2020, 33 cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were identified in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China, yet none of the affiliated HCWs was infected. Here we analyzed the infection control measures used in three different departments in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and correlated the measures with the corresponding infection data of HCWs affiliated with these departments. We found that three infection control measures, namely the isolation of the presumed positive patients, the use of facemasks and intensified hand hygiene play important roles in preventing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19.
A case of IgG4-related anterior mediastinal sclerosing disease coexisting with autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Matsui Hiroshi , Utsumi Takahiro , Maru Natsumi , Taniguchi Yohei , Saito Tomohito , Hino Haruaki , Ishida Mitsuaki , Tsuta Koji , Murakawa Tomohiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro-inflammatory condition that predominantly involves exocrine organs. Concerning its thoracic presentation, it often manifests as interstitial lung disease or fibrosing mediastinitis. It is very rare for IgG4-RD to form a well-defined mass in the anterior mediastinum, mimicking an encapsulated thymoma.

Case presentation
An 82-year-old man with autoimmune pancreatitis under treatment with oral corticosteroids was found to have peripancreatic lymphadenopathy on computed tomography. Subsequent positron emission tomography revealed abnormal uptake (maximal value 3.6) by a thymic mass as well as the peripancreatic lymph nodes. Exacerbation of IgG4-RD was suspected, and we increased the oral steroid dosage. As a result, the peripancreatic lymph nodes, and the anterior mediastinal mass, decreased in size. The thymic mass was suspected to be an encapsulated thymoma because of its lobulated shape, degree of fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation, and response to steroids, and the patient was referred to our department. The serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody test was negative. A thoracoscopic tumor resection was performed as diagnostic therapy. Histopathological analysis revealed dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with sclerotic stroma within the tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed abundant IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltrates and over 50% IgG4/IgG-positive plasma cells. We did not see either keratin-positive thymocytes or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive lymphocytes. Furthermore, deviation in the kappa chain and lambda chain-positive plasma cells was not noted. Accordingly, IgG4-related sclerosing disease was diagnosed.

Conclusions
IgG4-related sclerosing masses in the anterior mediastinum are very rare, and the effect of tumor resection on prognosis remains unclear. IgG4-RD had potentially been categorized as Castleman’s disease.
Sexual behavioural differences and risk-taking differences among born-abroad and native university students in Italy
Authors: Gabrielli Giuseppe , Paterno Anna , Strozza Salvatore 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a substantial lack of information in the literature on affective and sexual behaviours in youths with migratory backgrounds, despite immigrants’ immediate descendants growing in recent years in many destination countries. In order to fill this gap, we use original information, collected by the “Sexual and Emotional Life of Youths (SELFY)” survey carried out in Italy in 2017. We aim to provide a deeper understanding of sexual behaviours by comparing, for the very first time, university students with a migratory background and their native counterparts, stratifying them by gender. Our results show that born-abroad male students have a greater exposure to more liberal attitudes than their native counterparts, while there are no notable differences between born-abroad and native women. Moreover, we analyse, among a number of factors, the association between three sexual behaviours (extra-couple sexual intercourse, occasional sexual intercourse, and numerous sexual partners) and multiple “risk” behaviours. Behaviours defined as “risky” include voluntary attitudes which can be responsible for negative outcomes. Our results show that reckless driving and drug use are directly associated with sexual behaviours, with no differences by gender or migratory status. The association of binge drinking and early sexual debut with the three considered sexual behaviours is largely present only among natives, while having problems with family and school rules have a gender-related role on sex.
Doctor-patient distancing: an early experience of telemedicine for postoperative neurosurgical care in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Ashry Ahmed Hamdy , Alsawy Mohamed Fathalla 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Telemedicine remains an important tool of healthcare services delivery especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its advantages include saving the time and money of the patients and the prevention of infection among healthcare providers.

Objectives
In this study, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of telemedicine visits in providing postoperative care of neurosurgical patients.

Materials and methods
We conducted this prospective study on 30 neurosurgical patients who were evaluated after surgery via telemedicine visits for 30 days. During the virtual visits, we discussed the clinical progress of patients, wound status, treatment modification, the time of return to work, postoperative complications, and the radiological data of the patients. All the patients were given an emergency number to call in case of urgent issues. The satisfaction of patients and doctors was measured with the aid of two questionnaires.

Results
The patients’ age ranged from 18 to 65 years. Twenty patients were male and 10 patients were female. We performed 20 cranial operations and 10 spinal operations. Most patients needed more than 4 h to reach the hospital. The total number of telemedicine visits was 67 visits. We received about 62 emergency calls. Pain management, seizures control, wound infection, and hydrocephalus is among issues that were evaluated and managed via telemedicine visits. The overall satisfaction rate among patients and doctors was 90% and 95%, respectively.

Conclusion
Virtual outpatient clinics seem to be a safe and effective way of postoperative care especially in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Influence of insect traps and insecticides sequential application as a tactic for management of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Nasr Mohamed , Abdel-Aziz Nahed Fawzy , Sammour Elham Ahmed , Agamy Essam Abd El Maguied , El-Bakry Ahmed Mohamed , Kandil Mohamed Abdel-Hady 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Tomato crop, Lycopersicon esculentum L. (Solanaceae), usually attacked by many insect species, including the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), where its larvae cause damage up to 80–100% by due to its feeding habits by making tunnels in all tomato parts. The influence of insect traps application and insecticides sequential as a tactic for T. absoluta management was carried out.

Results
Sex pheromone and sticky traps were used for mass trapping this pest; sex pheromone traps were more effective than the sticky one; the number of caught insects was higher in the untreated plots than the treated one. Also, the general mean number of captured insects by sex pheromone traps was 432.89 and 633.40 (vegetative stage) and 691.3 and 1865.5 (fruiting stage) adults/trap/week, for treatment and control, respectively. When the first infestation appeared, the non-conventional insecticides were consecutively sprayed once/week for 3 weeks with the following order: Radiant, Coragen, and Emperor (during the vegetative stage). After that, the formulated essential oils Nimbecidine (commercial) and Rosa (prepared) were respectively sprayed twice/week for 2 weeks (during the fruiting stage). The general average of reduction in infestation reached 95.81% when non-conventional insecticides were used, while it reached 92.15% when the formulated essential oils were used. Finally, at the end of the experiment, promising mean reduction in infestation reached 93.98% was achieved. Yield of marketable healthy fruits was recorded and expressed as ton/feddan. Treatments gave significantly higher yield over untreated control. The tomato yield reached 28.25 t/fed. compared with control (8.35 t/fed.), which gain 19.94 t/fed. equal to 238.32% more than the untreated control.

Conclusions
The results indicated that insect traps and insecticides sequential application as a tactic for management T. absoluta were more effective; the rotation of insecticides avoid build up resistance and achieved satisfied reduction (93.98%) in the infestation and high yield production.
Restoration applications of resource objective wildfires in western US forests: a status of knowledge review
Authors: Huffman David W. , Roccaforte John Paul , Springer Judith D. , Crouse Joseph E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Frequent-fire forests of the western United States have undergone remarkable changes in structure, composition, and function due to historical exclusion of naturally occurring fire. Mechanized tree thinning to reduce forest density and fuel loads tends to be expensive and cannot be effectively implemented across all lands, and there is increasing interest in managing naturally ignited wildfires for meeting forest restoration objectives. To investigate general effectiveness of resource objective (RO) wildfires for restoring frequent-fire and associated forests of the western United States, we conducted a review of the related peer-reviewed literature.

Results
Formal analysis of ecological responses to RO fires is relatively recent, and 21 of the 37 papers (57%) we reviewed were published between the years 2010 and 2018. We found 17 studies that investigated RO fire outcomes in Sierra Nevada forests, while other ecoregions that were represented in the literature included Arizona–New Mexico Mountains, Middle Rockies–Blue Mountains, and the Colorado Plateau. Yosemite National Park was utilized in 14 of the studies we reviewed. We noted several ecoregions where frequent-fire forests occur, but for which published studies on RO fires are lacking. The main focus of research (14 studies) was related to RO fire effects on forest structure, and next in importance was research (12 studies) related to fire severity, extent, and type, with studies of understory vegetation responses and landscape-scale patterns or dynamics also prevalent. Research findings indicated that RO fires were effective for reducing tree density and fire behavior; however, densities often remained above known historical ranges of variation in several studies. Understory responses reported in the literature were mixed with respect to effects on abundance and species richness. Increases in invasive species abundance in areas of high burn severity were consistently reported. Research on landscape patterns indicated that RO fires can increase heterogeneity with respect to vegetation distribution.

Conclusion
RO fires can be generally effective for restoration of frequent-fire forests, particularly on landscapes with long histories of fire use and in areas of moderate burn severity. More research is needed to test fire outcomes against specific restoration targets, and additional studies are needed concerning important ecological processes and functions.
Considering the role of urban types in coproduced policy guidance for sustainability transitions
Authors: Tabory Samuel , Ramaswami Anu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe imperative to massively and quickly scale sustainability transitions in urban areas globally stands in tension with the sustained commitments required of grounded coproduction efforts that seek to deliver locally credible, relevant, and legitimate pathways for place-specific transitions. Is it possible to develop policy guidance that meets the magnitude of the urban transitions challenge while still leveraging the benefits of coproduction? We suggest that coproducing urban transitions guidance around relevant types of cities, as compared to specific individual cities, offers a potential pathway for scaling the impact of such guidance. However, little work has been done to explicitly interrogate how concepts of credibility, relevance and legitimacy are implicated by relying on urban types in coproduction processes. In this frontiers discussion, we describe what greater emphasis on the use of types and proxies in urban transitions coproduction might entail. Elaborating the concept of ‘coproduction-by-proxy’, we articulate six key premises and draw on two real-world instances of science-policy dialogue to illustrate its operative features. This frontiers discussion aims to supply more structured language for framing debate about whether, and how best, to strategically construct and deploy urban types in coproduction processes for developing urban transitions guidance, with an emphasis on maximizing generalization and impact, while maintaining both technical and political credibility. The discussion argues that exploring the role (and limits) of urban types and proxies in coproduction processes is a key frontier for the iterative science and practice of urban transitions, with implications for advancing both overall urban systems knowledge and place-specific sustainability transitions.
Zebrafish shares common metabolic pathways with mammalian olanzapine-induced obesity
Authors: Khanal Pukar , Patil B. M. , Unger Banappa. S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Olanzapine is one of the most prescribed antipsychotic agents in the pharmacotherapy of psychiatric illness; however, it is associated with multiple side effects primarily obesity. Multiple investigations have been made to model the olanzapine-induced obesity in rodent models which was found to be dose-dependent, gender-dependent, and species-dependent. Danio rerio is a choice of an animal model to understand the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. The present study dealt to understand the olanzapine-associated obesity in zebrafish using in silico and wet-lab experimental protocols by performing gene set enrichment analysis, phylogeny comparison of receptors, and assessing the effect of olanzapine on metabolic rate, lipid metabolism, body weight, and food intake in zebrafish.

Results
The metabolic pathway was predicted to be majorly modulated by olanzapine in human, rat, mouse, and zebrafish. A clade of receptors of rat, mouse, and human receptor for feeding and satiety center was found similar to zebrafish. The decrease in lipid metabolism was observed in zebrafish larvae if exposed to olanzapine solution. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in metabolic rate in 200 μM and 400 μM concentration of olanzapine.

Conclusion
Enrichment analysis predicted the probable modulation of metabolic pathways in zebrafish if exposed to olanzapine. Further, olanzapine was identified to play a prime role in decreasing lipid metabolism and metabolic rate and increasing food intake and weight gain in zebrafish which suggests the validation of this model for olanzapine-induced obesity.
Controlling Anesthesia Hardware With Simple Hand Gestures: Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down?
Authors: Owens Gwen E. , Connor Christopher W. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
Modern consumer electronic devices and automobiles are often controlled by interfaces that sense physical gestures and spoken commands. In contrast, patient monitors and anesthesia devices are typically equipped with panel-mounted buttons, dials, and keyboards. The increased use of noncontact gesture-based interfaces in anesthesia may improve patient safety through more intuitive and prompter control of equipment and also through reduced rates of surface contamination. A novel gesture-based controller was designed and retrofitted to a standard GE Solar 8000M patient monitor. This type of technical innovation is rare, due to closely held proprietary input control systems on commercially produced clinical equipment. Nevertheless, we hypothesized that anesthesiologists would find a contactless gesture interface straightforward to use.

METHODS:
A gesture-based interface system was developed to control a Solar 8000M patient monitor using a millimeter-wave radar sensor. The system was programmed to detect noncontact “rotate” and “press” gestures to control the patient monitor by implementing a virtual trim knob for interface control. Fifty anesthesiologists tested a prototype interface and evaluated usability by completing a short questionnaire incorporating modified Likert scales. These evaluations were performed in a nonpatient care environment so that respondents were not adversely task loaded during assessment, also allaying any ethical or safety concerns regarding use of this novel interface for patient management.

RESULTS:
Anesthesia hardware was controlled reliably with 2 distinct gestures above the gesture sensor. The gesture-based interface generally was well received by anesthesiologists (8.09; confidence interval, 8.06–8.12 on a 10-point scale), who preferred the simpler “press” gesture to the “rotate” gesture (8.45; 8.39–8.51 vs 7.73; 7.67–7.79 on a 10-point scale; P = .005). The correlation between the preference scores for the 2 gestures from each anesthesiologist was strong (Pearson r = 0.49; 0.25–0.68; P < .001). Advancing level of training (resident, fellow, attending 1–10 years, attending >10 years) was not correlated with preference scores for either gesture (Spearman ρ = −0.02; −0.30 to 0.26; P = .87 for “press” and Spearman ρ = 0.08; −0.20 to 0.35; P = .58 for “rotate”).

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of gesture sensing for controlling anesthesia equipment was well received by a cohort of anesthesiologists. Even though the simpler “press” gesture was preferred over the “rotate” gesture, the intrarespondent correlation indicates that the preference for gestures as a whole is the stronger effect. No adverse relationship was found between acceptability and anesthesia experience level. Gesture sensing is a promising new area to simplify and improve the interaction between the anesthesiologist and the anesthesia workstation.
Case Report: Acute effect of benralizumab on asthma exacerbation without concomitant corticosteroid use
Authors: Nolasco Santi , Campisi Raffaele , Intravaia Rossella , Porto Morena , Pelaia Corrado , Crimi Nunzio , Crimi Claudia 
Published: July 2020

Background: Monoclonal antibodies are a relatively new therapeutic option for patients with severe refractory asthma, which can be used as an add-on to maintenance therapy, reducing the need for systemic corticosteroid usage, improving asthma symptom control and reducing exacerbations. We report a case of a patient with severe refractory eosinophilic asthma, reluctant to take systemic steroids, who was successfully treated with benralizumab alone during an acute asthma attack. Case presentation: A 59-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of allergic asthma since childhood showed a progressive decline in lung function with difficult to control symptoms and an increased number of hospitalizations despite maximal maintenance treatment, and was diagnosed with severe refractory asthma. She was reluctant to take systemic corticosteroids during exacerbations due to severe urinary retention; therefore, she started omalizumab with a partial reduction of symptoms and exacerbations over time. During a follow-up visit, she showed signs of acute exacerbation and she was switched to benralizumab during her acute phase with a rapid, dramatic amelioration of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function, without concomitant systemic corticosteroid administration. During the treatment and at follow-up after one month, good tolerance and no side effects were observed. Conclusions: The use of benralizumab seems to be feasible, rapid, and safe in treating acute exacerbation of severe eosinophilic asthma without the use of systemic corticosteroids.