bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the contours of climate governance: An interdisciplinary systematic literature review from a southern perspective
Authors: Sapiains Rodolfo , Ibarra Cecilia , Jiménez Guadalupe , O'Ryan Raúl , Blanco Gustavo , Moraga Pilar , Rojas Maisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDealing with climate change is one of this century's most difficult challenges demanding new strategies to steer societies towards common transformational goals. A growing literature involving “climate governance” is evolving and should advance the discussion on transformations and the involvement of different actors in climate action. However, it is unclear that the Global South's particularities are being integrated. This study has a three‐fold goal: (a) identify the different approaches to climate governance found in the mainstream literature, (b) explore the degree of integration of the Global South in those approaches, and (c) contribute to the ongoing discussion on this issue from a southern perspective. A systematic literature review on “climate governance” was conducted, distinguishing different approaches and their significance for the Global South. Results clustered in six groups use the characterizations: multi‐level, global, adaptive, transnational, polycentric, and experimental/transformative. These terms account for different levels of decision‐making, emerging values, and the importance of non‐State and sub‐national actors. Approaches vary, in relation to change and participation, from an incremental improvement focus to a more transformative perspective and from the promotion of community influence to processes based on traditional institutions. In the Global South, multi‐level, multi‐actor climate governance occurs in a context of deep inequality and asymmetric power relations, rising environmental conflicts, and a lack of adequate mechanisms for community participation. Addressing climate change here will require, acknowledging the State alone cannot solve the issue, that different views must be considered and that contextualized perspectives from the Global South must be integrated.
A truncation error analysis of third‐order MUSCL scheme for nonlinear conservation laws
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article is a rebuttal to the claim found in the literature that the monotonic upstream‐centered scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL) cannot be third‐order accurate for nonlinear conservation laws. We provide a rigorous proof for third‐order accuracy of the MUSCL scheme based on a careful and detailed truncation error analysis. Throughout the analysis, the distinction between the cell average and the point value will be strictly made for the numerical solution as well as for the target operator. It is shown that the average of the solutions reconstructed at a face by Van Leer's ‐scheme recovers a cubic solution exactly with , the same is true for the average of the nonlinear fluxes evaluated by the reconstructed solutions, and a dissipation term is already sufficiently small with a third‐order truncation error. Finally, noting that the target spatial operator is a cell‐averaged flux derivative, we prove that the leading truncation error of the MUSCL finite‐volume scheme is third‐order with . The importance of the diffusion scheme is also discussed: third‐order accuracy will be lost when the third‐order MUSLC scheme is used with an incompatible fourth‐order diffusion scheme for convection‐diffusion problems. Third‐order accuracy is verified by thorough numerical experiments for both steady and unsteady problems. This article is intended to serve as a reference to clarify confusions about third‐order accuracy of the MUSCL scheme, as a guide to correctly analyze and verify the MUSCL scheme for nonlinear equations, and eventually as the basis for clarifying high‐order unstructured‐grid schemes in a subsequent article.
Influences of upstream reservoir stratification and downstream tidal fluctuations on the summer thermal regime of a regulated coastal river
Authors: West David Timothy , Moore Robert Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study focused on the effects of upstream reservoir thermal dynamics and downstream tidal influences on temperatures in a 25‐km reach of Alouette River (coastal British Columbia, Canada) below a control dam and upstream of its confluence with Pitt River. Temperature was monitored during summer 2013 using 25 sensors. Water was released from the reservoir through a low level outlet at approximately 2.7 m3 s−1, except during late spring when a higher flow was released over the dam spillway. Temperature variations in the lowest section of Alouette River, and in the lower portion of a tributary, were distinct from those further upstream due to backwatering effects associated with a semi‐diurnal tide, which can cause flow reversals in Pitt River. An internal seiche was identified in the reservoir during mid‐summer that resulted in oscillating releases of warmer and cooler water with an amplitude of up to 6°C and a period of approximately 12 hr. Wavelet analysis and band‐pass filtering indicated that the 12‐hr signal declined in strength with downstream distance, but remained detectable about 15 km below the dam. In contrast, the 24‐hr diel signal increased in strength with distance below the dam. Travel times computed via cross‐correlation of the 12‐hr signals with that at the low level outlet were within ±10% of those estimated from measured mean velocities. Lagrangian tracking of water parcels using the derived travel times indicated that the cooling effect of periodic releases of cold water during the seiching period persisted to the lower extent of the non‐tidal reach. The tidally influenced locations experienced higher temperatures than those recorded in the non‐tidal portion of Alouette River, although the relative roles of heating in the upstream tidal reach versus upstream advection of water associated with tide‐driven flow reversals in Pitt River require further study.
Exchange rate factors, income levels, and investment abroad: An empirical study based on a sample of emerging economies
Authors: Ma Yu , Du Xinqian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the continuous advancement of economic globalization, the rapid growth of investment abroad by emerging economies has become an important part of international capital flows. By building dynamic panel models using 1993–2016 data from 49 emerging economies, this study investigate the effects of exchange rate factors and economic development levels on investment by emerging economies. The findings are as follows. First, exchange rate changes and exchange rate flexibility had significant effects on investment abroad by emerging economies. Second, for emerging economies with different income levels, there are significant differences in factors affecting foreign investment. The impact of exchange rate changes, exchange rate flexibility, and the interaction between the two on a country's foreign investment is related to the country's income level.
Everolimus‐induced gastric antral vascular ectasia in advanced renal cancer
Authors: Hata Kenichi , Yasue Keiji , Ishii Gen , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionAlthough several medical, endoscopic, and surgical treatment options are available, the management of gastric antral vascular ectasia remains clinically challenging. We report a case of gastric antral vascular ectasia due to everolimus use in a patient with advanced renal cancer.Case presentationA 71‐year‐old man was diagnosed with right‐sided renal cancer and multiple lung metastases. In the period of everolimus as third‐line therapy, endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract revealed everolimus‐induced gastric antral vascular ectasia. Endoscopic argon plasma coagulation and variceal ligation were repeated seven times within a month of everolimus cessation. Subsequently, an antrectomy was performed; his postoperative course was uneventful.ConclusionBased on our experience, we believe that an antrectomy is important in the management of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor‐related gastric antral vascular ectasia.
LncRNA SOX2OT/Smad3 feedback loop promotes myocardial fibrosis in heart failure
Authors: Ou Yali , Liao Chunfeng , Li He , Yu Guolong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNA SOX2OT is associated with myocardial fibrosis (MF) in heart failure (HF). This article aims to investigate the role of SOX2OT in MF. We constructed HF mouse models by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (ISO). Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with ISO to induce MF.Hematoxylin‐eosin, Masson, and Sirius‐red staining were used to identify myocardial injury and collagen deposition in heart tissues. The relationship among SOX2OT, miR‐138‐5p, TGF‐β1, and Smad3 were evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. The gene and protein expression were verified by quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot. We found that SOX2OT was up‐regulated in HF mice and ISO‐induced CFs. SOX2OT knockdown reduced myocardial injury and collagen deposition in HF mice. The expression of collagen I, α‐SMA, TGF‐β1, and p‐Smad3 were inhibited by SOX2OT down‐regulation in HF mice and ISO‐induced CFs. Furthermore, TGF‐β1 was a target gene of miR‐138‐5p and indirectly regulated by SOX2OT. SOX2OT promoted MF in HF by activating TGF‐β1/Smad3, and then Smad3 interacted with the SOX2OT promoter and formed a positive feedback loop. In conclusion, our work verifies that SOX2OT/Smad3 feedback loop promotes MF in HF. Thus, SOX2OT is potentially a novel therapeutic target for MF in HF.
Evaluation of annealed titanium oxide nanotubes on titanium: From surface characterization to in vivo assays
Authors: Gomez Sanchez Andrea , Katunar María R. , Pastore Juan Ignacio , Tano de la Hoz María Florencia , Ceré Silvia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe entire route from anodic oxidation and surface characterization, including in vitro experiments and finally in vivo osseointegration assays were performed with the aim to evaluate nanotubular and crystalline annealed titanium oxides as a suitable surface for grade 2 titanium permanent implants. Polished titanium (T0) was compared with anodized surfaces obtained in acidic media with fluoride, leading to an ordered nanotubular structure of titanium oxide on the metal surface, characterized by tube diameter of 89 ± 24 nm (Tnts). Samples were thermally treated in air (TntsTT) to increase the anatase crystalline phase on nanotubes, with minor alteration of the structure. Corrosion tests were performed to evaluate the electrochemical response after 1, 14, and 28 days of immersion in simulated body fluid. Based on the in vitro results, heat‐treated titanium nanotubes (TntsTT) were selected as a promissory candidate to continue with the osseointegration in vivo assays. The in vivo results showed no major improvement in the osseointegration process when compared with untreated Ti after 30 days of implantation and there also was a lower increase in the development of new osseous tissue.
Pollen morphology and viability ofTillandsia(Bromeliaceae) species by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: de Oliveira Souza Sandra , Souza de Oliveira Rafaelle , Aona Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme , Souza Fernanda Vidigal Duarte , Soares Taliane Leila , Rossi Mônica Lanzoni , de Souza Everton Hilo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTillandsiais the bromeliad genus containing the largest number of species, with wide geographic dispersion and an important ecological role in the ecosystems. Investigations of pollen morphology are important to support taxonomic and conservation studies as well as to choose promising species for cross‐pollination to obtain hybrids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology, production, and viability of pollen grains of 24Tillandsiaspecies that naturally occur in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Pollen grains were acetolized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The pollen were germinated in vitro in two culture media (BM and BKM) and collected at three floral development stages (pre‐anthesis, anthesis and post‐anthesis). Pollen viability also was analyzed by staining with Alexander's solution and acetocarmine in three floral development stages. Variations in the ornamentation and size of the pollen were observed among the species studied, with the majority having medium size, whileT. polystachiaandT. junceahad large grains and the subgeneraDiaphoranthemaandPhytarrhizahad small grains. The pollen of the majority of species had bilateral symmetry, with a single irregularly shaped colpus, semitectate exine and reticulated‐heterobrochate surface. The pollen presented high germination percentage, tube length and viability according to the histochemistry, except forT. recurvata,T. usneoidesandT. loliacea. The BKM medium and collection of pollen during anthesis produced the best results for theTillandsiaspecies. The results can support studies of the taxonomy and conservation of these species, which have great environmental importance and high value for ornamental purposes.
Biogeochemical and climate drivers of wetland phosphorus and nitrogen release: Implications for nutrient legacies and eutrophication risk
Authors: Jarvie Helen P. , Pallett Denise W. , Schäfer Stefanie M. , Macrae Merrin L. , Bowes Michael J. , Farrand Philip , Warwick Alan C. , King Stephen M. , Williams Richard J. , Armstrong Linda , Nicholls David J. E. , Lord William D. , Rylett Daniel , Roberts Colin , Fisher Nigel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe dynamics and processes of nutrient cycling and release were examined for a lowland wetland‐pond system, draining woodland in southern England. Hydrochemical and meteorological data were analyzed from 1997 to 2017, along with high‐resolution in situ sensor measurements from 2016 to 2017. The results showed that even a relatively pristine wetland can become a source of highly bioavailable phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and silicon (Si) during low‐flow periods of high ecological sensitivity. The drivers of nutrient release were primary production and accumulation of biomass, which provided a carbon (C) source for microbial respiration and, via mineralization, a source of bioavailable nutrients for P and N co‐limited microorganisms. During high‐intensity nutrient release events, the dominant N‐cycling process switched from denitrification to nitrate ammonification, and a positive feedback cycle of P and N release was sustained over several months during summer and fall. Temperature controls on microbial activity were the primary drivers of short‐term (day‐to‐day) variability in P release, with subdaily (diurnal) fluctuations in P concentrations driven by water body metabolism. Interannual relationships between nutrient release and climate variables indicated “memory” effects of antecedent climate drivers through accumulated legacy organic matter from the previous year's biomass production. Natural flood management initiatives promote the use of wetlands as “nature‐based solutions” in climate change adaptation, flood management, and soil and water conservation. This study highlights potential water quality trade‐offs and shows how the convergence of climate and biogeochemical drivers of wetland nutrient release can amplify background nutrient signals by mobilizing legacy nutrients, causing water quality impairment and accelerating eutrophication risk.
Serotonin signaling suppresses the nutrition‐responsive induction of an alternate male morph in horn polyphenic beetles
Authors: Schwab Daniel B. , Newsom Keeley D. , Moczek Armin P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironment‐responsive development contributes significantly to the phenotypic variation visible to selection and as such possesses the potential to shape evolutionary trajectories. However, evaluation of the contributions of developmental plasticity to evolutionary diversification necessitates an understanding of the developmental mechanisms underpinning plastic trait expression. We investigated the role of serotonin signaling in the regulation and evolution of horn polyphenism in the beetle genus Onthophagus. Specifically, we assessed the role of serotonin in development by determining whether manipulating serotonin biosynthesis during the larval stage alters body size, developmental rate, and the formation of relative adult trait size in traits characterized by minimal (genitalia), moderate (elytra), and pronounced (horns) nutrition‐responsive development in O. taurus. Second, we assessed serotonin's role in evolution by replicating a subset of our approaches across four species reflecting ancestral as well as derived conditions. Lastly, we employed immunohistochemical approaches to begin assessing whether serotonin may be acting via the endocrine or nervous system. Our results show that pharmacological manipulation of serotonin signaling affects overall size, developmental rate, and the body size threshold separating alternate male morphs. Threshold body sizes were affected across species, regardless of the severity of horn polyphenism, and independent of the precise morphological location of horns. However, histological assessments suggest it is unlikely serotonin functions as a neurotransmitter and instead may rely on other mechanisms that remain to be identified. We discuss the most important implications of our results for our understanding of the evolution of and through plasticity in horned beetles and beyond.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new 1,2,4‐triazole, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, 1,3,4‐thiadiazole, thiopyrane, thiazolidinone, and azepine derivatives
Authors: Abu‐Hashem Ameen Ali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract4‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutanehydrazide 3 was reacted with aryl or alkyl isothiocyanates to give the corresponding N‐substituted‐2‐(4‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutanoyl) hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide 4a‐c. Cyclization of thiosemicarbazides 4a‐c with sodium hydroxide led to the formation of 3‐(4‐sub‐5‐thioxo‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)‐propanone 5a‐c. Desulfurization of thiosemicarbazides 4a‐c by mercuric oxide afforded 3‐(5‐(sub‐amino)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)‐propanone 6a‐c. The reaction of 4a‐c with phosphorus oxychloride gave 3‐(5‐(sub‐amino)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)‐propanone 7a‐c. Treatment of 4a‐c with ethyl‐bromoacetate or α‐bromopropionic acid gave N′‐(3‐sub‐thiazolidin‐2‐ylidene)‐butanehydrazide 8a‐c and (N′‐(3‐sub‐oxothiazolidin‐2‐ylidene)‐butanehydrazide 9a‐c. Chlorination of oxothiazolidine‐hydrazide 9a‐c by phosphorus oxychloride afforded N‐(3‐sub‐4‐oxothiazolidine)‐butane‐hydrazonoyl‐chloride 10a‐c. The reaction of 10a‐c with mercaptoacetyl‐chloride yielded 2‐((4‐benzoyl‐thiopyrane) hydrazono)‐3‐sub‐thiazolidinone 11a‐c. Also, reacted of 10a‐c with hydrazine hydrate afforded N″‐(3‐sub‐oxothiazolidine)‐butane‐hydrazon‐hydrazide 12a‐c. The 3‐sub‐2‐((pyridazine) hydrazono) thiazolidinone 13a‐c was obtained by cyclization of 12a‐c via refluxing in DMF. The reaction and cyclized of 9a‐c with chloroacetyl‐chloride in ethanolic KOH afforded 1‐((3‐sub‐4‐oxothiazolidine) amino)‐azepine‐dione 14a‐c. The chemical structures of the new compounds have been confirmed by diverse spectroscopy analyses such as IR, NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity and these compounds were considered (Pyridazin‐hydrazono‐thiazolidinone 13a‐c, oxothiazolidin‐azepinedione 14a‐c, N‐thiazolidin‐hydrazon‐hydrazide 12a‐c, and thiopyran‐hydrazono‐thiazolidinone 11a‐c) the most effective as antimicrobial activity.
Overt speech feasibility using continuous functional magnetic resonance imaging: Isolation of areas involved in phonology and prosody
Authors: Berro David Hassanein , Lemée Jean‐Michel , Leiber Louis‐Marie , Emery Evelyne , Menei Philippe , Ter Minassian Aram 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo avoid motion artifacts, almost all speech‐related functional magnetic resonance imagings (fMRIs) are performed covertly to detect language activations. This method may be difficult to execute, especially by patients with brain tumors, and does not allow the identification of phonological areas. Here, we aimed to evaluate overt task feasibility. Thirty‐three volunteers participated in this study. They performed two functional sessions of covert and overt generation of a short sentence semantically linked with a word. Three main contrasts were performed: Covert and Overt for the isolation of language‐activated areas, and Overt > Covert for the isolation of the motor cortical activation of speech. fMRI data preprocessing was performed with and without unwarping, and with and without regression of movement parameters as confounding variables. All types of results were compared to each other. For the Overt contrast, Dice coefficients showed strong overlap between each pair of types of results: 0.98 for the pair with and without unwarping, and 0.9 for the pair with and without movement parameter regression. The Overt > Covert contrast allowed isolation of motor laryngeal activations with high statistical reliability and revealed the right‐lateralized temporal activity related to acoustic feedback. Overt speaking during magnetic resonance imaging induced few artifacts and did not significantly affect the results, allowing the identification of areas involved in primary motor control and prosodic regulation of speech. Unwarping and motion artifact regression in the postprocessing step, seem to not be necessary. Changes in lateralization of cortical activity by overt speech shall be explored before using these tasks for presurgical mapping.
The lenses of lean: Visioning the science and practice of efficiency
Authors: Hopp Wallace J. , Spearman Mark S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a significant gap between the descriptions of Lean used by industry practitioners and the various bodies of academic research that have studied the theory and application of Lean. There is also a gap between applied research on Lean and basic research in the mathematical, physical and social sciences. As a result, Lean practice is based largely on trial‐and‐error experience while potentially valuable research results remain locked away unused in archival journals. This paper attempts to close these gaps by describing four “Lenses of Lean,” each of which aligns with a practical perspective and rests on a distinct body of conceptual research. Our hope is that this framework will provide a useful construct for Lean training and implementation and will also spur academic research that is relevant to advancing Lean practice.