bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approach to a water safety plan for recreational waters: disinfection of a drainage pumping station as an unconventional point source of fecal contamination
Authors: Carducci A. , Federigi I. , Cioni L. , Landucci A. , Donzelli G. , Iannelli R. , Pretti C. , Tardelli F. , Casu V. , Verani M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the context of the management of bathing water quality, the intermittent contamination of rainwater drainage pumps (unconventional point sources) could be controlled by peracetic acid disinfection. Thus, a field experimental study was carried out to set up a water safety plan, determining the monitoring parameters and the critical limit for corrective actions. With a 0.5 mg/l dosage, the average logarithmic microbial reduction was 0.50 ± 0.48 for Escherichia coli (EC) and 0.43 ± 0.54 for intestinal enterococci. Among the chemical and physical parameters that could be monitored in real time, the oxidation–reduction potential was the only one able to predict the microbial concentration discharged from a drainage pump and the logarithmic abatement of EC. Considering the possible impact of this source on bathing waters in terms of additional risk of gastrointestinal infections, the critical limit for continuous monitoring was established using a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model.
Potential Therapeutic Role of Carnitine and Acetylcarnitine in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Maldonado Cecilia , Vázquez Marta , Fagiolino Pietro 
Published: February 2020

Background:Current therapy of neurological disorders has several limitations. Although a high number of drugs are clinically available, several subjects do not achieve full symptomatic remission. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of L-carnitine (LCAR) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) because of the multiplicity of actions they exert in energy metabolism, as antioxidants, neuromodulators and neuroprotectors. They also show excellent safety and tolerability profile.Objective:To assess the role of LCAR and ALCAR in neurological disorders.Methods:A meticulous review of the literature was conducted in order to establish the linkage between LCAR and ALCAR and neurological diseases.Results:LCAR and ALCAR mechanisms and effects were studied for Alzheimer’s disease, depression, neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy in the elderly. Both substances exert their actions mainly on primary metabolism, enhancing energy production, through β-oxidation, and the ammonia elimination via urea cycle promotion. These systemic actions impact positively on the Central Nervous System state, as Ammonia and energy depletion seem to underlie most of the neurotoxic events, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, membrane degeneration, and neurotransmitters disbalances, present in neurological disorders, mainly in the elderly. The impact on bipolar disorder is controversial. LCAR absorption seems to be impaired in the elderly due to the decrease of active transportation; therefore, ALCAR seems to be the more effective option to administer.Conclusions:ALCAR emerges as a simple, economical and safe adjuvant option in order to impair the progression of most neurological disorders.
α-Pyridinyl Alcohols, α,α’-Pyridine Diols, α-Bipyridinyl Alcohols, and α,α’-Bipyridine Diols as Structure Motifs Towards Important Organic Molecules and Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Tole Tegene T. , Jordaan Johannes H.L. , Vosloo Hermanus C.M. 
Published: February 2020

Background:The preparation and use of pyridinyl alcohols as ligands showed incredible increment in the past three decades. Important property of pyridinyl alcoholato ligands is their strong basicity, which is mainly due to the lack of resonance stabilization of the corresponding anion. This strongly basic anionic nature gives them high ability to make bridges between metal centers rather than to bind to only one metal center in a terminal fashion. They are needed as ligands due to their ability to interact with transition metals both covalently (with oxygen) and hemilabile coordination (through nitrogen).Objective:The review focuses on the wide application of α-pyridinyl alcohols, α,α’-pyridine diols, α- bipyridinyl alcohols, and α,α’-bipyridine diols as structure motifs in the preparation of important organic molecules which is due to their strongly basic anionic nature.Conclusion:It is clear from the review that in addition to their synthetic utility in the homogeneous and asymmetric catalytic reactions, the preparation of the crown ethers, cyclic and acyclic ethers, coordinated borates (boronic esters), pyridinyl-phosphine ligands, pyridinyl-phosphite ligands, and pyridinyl-phosphinite ligands is the other broad area of application of pyridinyl alcohols. In addition to the aforementioned applications they are used for modeling mode of action of enzymes and some therapeutic agents. Their strongly basic anionic nature gives them high ability to make bridges between metal centers rather than to bind to only one metal center in a terminal fashion in the synthesis of transition metal cluster complexes. Not least numbers of single molecule magnets that can be used as storage of high density information were the result of transition metal complexes of pyridinyl alcoholato ligands.
A Rare Case Report of Dabigatran Induced Oral Ulcers
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Prabha Neel , Yadav Hitesh 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Dabigatran is a novel oral anticoagulant molecule which is a direct thrombin
(Factor IIa) inhibitor and is used for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism. It is easy to
administer as compared to warfarin therapy as it does not require routine laboratory monitoring and
has fewer drug interactions.

Objective:
To present a rare case of oral ulcers secondary to dabigatran in a patient with deep vein
thrombosis.

Case Report:
A 68-year-old female presented with painful oral ulcers, retrosternal pain and difficulty
in swallowing. She had been taking capsule Dabigatran for the prevention of systemic embolism
for 2 months. She had experienced symptoms of onset taking dabigatran for 7 days. Clinical examination
revealed three tender, well-defined, clean looking ulcers of various sizes present over the
dorsum of the tongue. Dabigatran was withdrawn and the patient was on oral proton pump inhibitors.
Patient showed remarkable improvement in oral ulcers after 2 weeks.

Conclusion:
Patient education and counseling should be done regarding this side effect of
dabigatran and proper intake of this medicine.
Oral Administration of the Food-Derived Hydrophilic Antioxidant Ergothioneine Enhances Object Recognition Memory in Mice
Authors: Nakamichi Noritaka , Nakao Shunsuke , Nishiyama Misa , Takeda Yuka , Ishimoto Takahiro , Masuo Yusuke , Matsumoto Satoshi , Suzuki Makoto , Kato Yukio 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The enhancement of learning and memory through food-derived ingredients is of great interest to healthy individuals as well as those with diseases. Ergothioneine (ERGO) is a hydrophilic antioxidant highly contained in edible golden oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus), and systemically absorbed by its specific transporter, carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4.

Objective:
This study aims to examine the possible enhancement of object recognition memory by oral administration of ERGO in normal mice.

Method:
Novel object recognition test, spatial recognition test, LC-MS/MS, Golgi staining, neuronal culture, western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative RT-PCR were utilized.

Result:
After oral administration of ERGO (at a dose of 1–50 mg/kg) three times per week for two weeks in ICR mice, the novel object recognition test revealed a longer exploration time for the novel object than for the familiar object. Oral administration of ERGO also revealed a longer exploration time for the moved object in the spatial recognition test in mice fed ERGO-free diet. The discrimination index was significantly higher in the ERGO-treated group than the control in both behavioral tests. ERGO administration led to an increase in its concentration in the plasma and hippocampus. The systemic concentration reached was relevant to those found in humans after oral ERGO administration. Golgi staining revealed that ERGO administration increased the number of matured spines in the hippocampus. Exposure of cultured hippocampal neurons to ERGO elevated the expression of the synapse formation marker, synapsin I. This elevation of synapsin I was inhibited by the tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitor, K252a. Treatment with ERGO also increased the expression of neurotrophin-3 and -5, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin in hippocampal neurons.

Conclusion:
Oral intake of ERGO which provides its plasma concentration achievable in humans may enhance object recognition memory, and this enhancement effect could occur, at least in part, through the promotion of neuronal maturation in the hippocampus.
Maximizing Electrical Power Saving Using Capacitors Optimal Placement
Authors: Agha Ayman , Attar Hani , Alfaoury Audih , Khosravi Mohammad R. 
Published: February 2020

Background:Low power factor is regarded as one of the most dedicated issues in large scale inductive power networks, because of the lost energy in term of a reactive power. Accordingly, installing capacitors in the network improves the power factor and hence decreases the reactive power.Methods:This paper presents an approach to maximize the saving in terms of financial costs, energy resources, environmental protection, and also enhance the power system efficiency. Moreover, the proposed technique tends to avoid the penalties imposed over the electricity bill (in the case of the power factor drops below the permissible limit), by applying a proposed method that consists of two stages. The first stage determines the optimal amount of compensating capacitors by using a suggested analytical method. The second stage employs a statistical approach to assess the reduction in energy losses resulting from the capacitors placement in each of the network nodes. Accordingly, the expected beneficiaries from improving the power factor are mainly large inductive networks such as large scale factories and industrial field. A numerical example is explained in useful detail to show the effectiveness and simplicity of the proposed approach and how it works.Results:The proposed technique tends to minimize the energy losses resulted from the reactive power compensation, release the penalties imposed on electricity bills due to the low power factor. The numerical examples show that the saved cost resulted from improving the power factor, and energy loss reduction is around 10.94 % per month from the total electricity bill.Conclusion:The proposed technique to install capacitors has significant benefits and effective power consumption improvement when the cost of the imposed penalty is regarded as high. The tradeoff in this technique is between the cost of the installed capacitors and the saving gained from the compensation.
A UHF Compact Complex Impedance-transforming Balun with High Isolation
Authors: Nithiporndecha Kittipong , Pakasiri Chatrpol 
Published: February 2020

Background:
A compact complex impedance-transforming balun for UHF frequencies,
which is based on a coupled-line structure that matched all ports and provided high output port isolation,
was designed in this paper.

Methods:
A lumped component transformation was used to minimize circuit size. The implemented circuit
operated at 433 MHz with the reflection coefficients less than -16 dB at all ports, 0.22 dB amplitude balance
and 180° phase balance at the output ports. The signal coupling between the output ports was -16.8 dB. The
circuit size is small at 0.032λ.

Results:
Complex impedance-transforming baluns were designed to operate at 433 MHz. The source impedance
at port 1 was set at Zs = 12 - j12Ω and the load impedances at port 2 and 3 were set at ZL = 80 + j30Ω.

Conclusion:
A compact complex impedance-transforming balun at UHF frequency, with all ports
matched and high isolations, was designed and illustrated in this paper.
Selenite-induced Expression of a Caenorhabditis elegans Pro-aging Factor and Ortholog of Human Selenium-binding Protein 1
Authors: Köhnlein Karl , Urban Nadine , Steinbrenner Holger , Guerrero-Gómez David , Miranda-Vizuete Antonio , Kaether Christoph , Klotz Lars-Oliver 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The essential trace element and micronutrient selenium exerts most of its
biological actions through incorporation into selenoproteins as selenocysteine. Two further types of
Se-containing proteins exist, including those that have selenomethionine incorporated instead of
methionine, and the group of selenium-binding proteins. We previously described an ortholog of
selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, Y37A1B.5, and
demonstrated that it confers resistance to toxic selenite concentrations while impairing general
stress resistance and life expectancy of C. elegans.

Objective:
We tested for the effect of selenite on Y37A1B.5 expression, and we analyzed whether
Y37A1B.5 also shows a lifespan-modulating effect when the nematodes are deficient in the
selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase-1 (TRXR-1).

Methods:
C. elegans expressing a translational reporter construct encoding GFP-tagged Y37A1B.5
under the control of the Y37A1B.5 promoter were exposed to selenite, followed by fluorescence
microscopic analysis of GFP levels. Lifespan analyses and RNA interference experiments were
performed in trxr-1-deficient worms.

Results:
We here demonstrate that selenite at toxic concentrations stimulates the expression of the
translational Y37A1B.5 reporter. The lifespan-extending effect of Y37A1B.5 deficiency was
preserved upon the deletion of the only selenoprotein in C. elegans, TRXR-1.

Conclusion:
These data suggest that (1) Y37A1B.5 may serve as a selenite-responsive buffer
against high environmental selenium concentrations and that (2) lifespan extension elicited by
Y37A1B.5 knockdown does not require functional TRXR-1.
Pendidikan politik dan politik pendidikan
Authors: Sunarso Sunarso 
Published: February 2020

Political education, therefore, as such, has not had a central part in curiculum, although what is often referred to as the hidden curriculum could be argued to have contributed to a political education of sorts, shaping the attitudes of students towards authoriry and implicitlY forming the values of the students in such politicallY important matters as socialjustice, racial and gender equaliry, or nationallqyaliry. But such political formation would be implicit, and indeed the protesters in the 1970s against the exploration in clasrooms of the rights and wrongs of nuclear warfare did not see that their own action enforced a particular political position as the legitimate one to be subscribed to ry teachers. Education and politics are inextricablY linked. Politics is inseparable from education, unless the country plans to generate illiterate politicians' who could not be expected to lead the republi~ out of the current crises. You cannot escape politics or separate it from education. Politics is the way to manage the broad environment, and not merelY a struggle for power. Therefore it is the dury of schools to help students dijJerentiate between good politics and bad politics.
Alternatif penyelesaian sengketa asuransi melalui Badan Mediasi Asuransi Indonesia (BMAI)
Authors: Puspitasari Chandra Dewi 
Published: February 2020

Insurance began to interest the public as a wqy to transfer risk. The important thing is that people should be able to choose health insurance companies (solvent), a reasonable premium rate, a good investment performance (Liquid, safe, and productive), to pay claims on time, do not make poliry holders, to report correctfy and on time, and did not violate an existing report. In practice, disputes often arise between the insurer and the insured Disputes can be resolved through Indonesian Insurance Mediation Board (BMAI). BMAI dispute settlement through the mediation process begins with. if the mediation process fails, will proceed to the level of aqjudication. In addition, if the insured can not accept the decision at the aqjudication level, so that he can bring the dispute to arbitration or court. But besides these advantages, BMAI also not free from some weaknesses. However, their presence is still needed to be one of the alternative dispute resolution insurance agencies in Indonesia.
A Physician-Completed Digital Tool for Evaluating Disease Progression (Multiple Sclerosis Progression Discussion Tool): Validation Study
Authors: Ziemssen Tjalf , Piani-Meier Daniela , Bennett Bryan , Johnson Chloe , Tinsley Katie , Trigg Andrew , Hach Thomas , Dahlke Frank , Tomic Davorka , Tolley Chloe , Freedman Mark S 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundDefining the transition from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) can be challenging and delayed. A digital tool (MSProDiscuss) was developed to facilitate physician-patient discussion in evaluating early, subtle signs of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression representing this transition.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine cut-off values and corresponding sensitivity and specificity for predefined scoring algorithms, with or without including Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, to differentiate between RRMS and SPMS patients and to evaluate psychometric properties.MethodsExperienced neurologists completed the tool for patients with confirmed RRMS or SPMS and those suspected to be transitioning to SPMS. In addition to age and EDSS score, each patient’s current disease status (disease activity, symptoms, and its impacts on daily life) was collected while completing the draft tool. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined optimal cut-off values (sensitivity and specificity) for the classification of RRMS and SPMS.ResultsTwenty neurologists completed the draft tool for 198 patients. Mean scores for patients with RRMS (n=89), transitioning to SPMS (n=47), and SPMS (n=62) were 38.1 (SD 12.5), 55.2 (SD 11.1), and 69.6 (SD 12.0), respectively (P<.001, each between-groups comparison). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) including and excluding EDSS were for RRMS (including) AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.95, RRMS (excluding) AUC 0.88, 95% CI 0.84-0.93, SPMS (including) AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.95, and SPMS (excluding) AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.81-0.91. In the algorithm with EDSS, the optimal cut-off values were ≤51.6 for RRMS patients (sensitivity=0.83; specificity=0.82) and ≥58.9 for SPMS patients (sensitivity=0.82; specificity=0.84). The optimal cut-offs without EDSS were ≤46.3 and ≥57.8 and resulted in similar high sensitivity and specificity (0.76-0.86). The draft tool showed excellent interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=.95).ConclusionsThe MSProDiscuss tool differentiated RRMS patients from SPMS patients with high sensitivity and specificity. In clinical practice, it may be a useful tool to evaluate early, subtle signs of MS disease progression indicating the evolution of RRMS to SPMS. MSProDiscuss will help assess the current level of progression in an individual patient and facilitate a more informed physician-patient discussion.
IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF MUNTINGIA CALABURA L. FRUITS USING CARBON CLEARANCE ASSAY AND THEIR TOTAL FLAVONOID AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS
Authors: SUJONO TANTI AZIZAH , DIAN KUSUMOWATI IKA TRISHARYANTI , MUNAWAROH RIMA 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Muntingia calabura L fruits have several advantages for health and can be consumed as alternative medicine. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of methanol extract (ME) and fractions of M. calabura L fruits against non-specific immune response in mice and its total phenolic and flavonoid contents.
Methods: This research using carbon clearance assay or phagocytosis method which was done on mice. Seventy male Swiss mice were divided into 14 groups. Mice were treated with ME, hexane fraction (HF), dichloromethane fraction (DF), and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of M. calabura L. orally at a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg daily for 7 days. Zymosan with a dose of 15 mg/kg was used as a positive control and given intraperitoneally, and CMC Na was used as a negative control. On the 8th day, mice were injected with carbon ink suspension intravenously and blood samples were taken at the minutes of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30. Furthermore, the transmittance was measured at λ 675 nm. The total phenolic content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and flavonoid content was measured using the AlCl3 method.
Results: Zymosan, ME, and EAF of M. calabura L. at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed a strong immunostimulatory effect (phagocytic index >1.5) while the HF and DF groups showed that the higher doses decreased the phagocytic index. The total phenolic contents of ME, HF, DF, and EAF were 27.90, 11.11, 16.72, and 30.11%, respectively, while the flavonoid contents were 4.07, 0.17, 3.07, and 1.86%, respectively.
Conclusion: ME and EAF of M. calabura L. fruits have immunostimulatory activity.
Quem não senta pra aprender, não levanta para ensinar: uma aula com a Griot Marise de Santana
Authors: Santos Nkembo Olugbala Silva 
Published: February 2020

A seguinte entrevista, realizada no ODEERE, traz reflexões da Griot Marise de Santana à respeito de suas lutas envolvendo a carreira acadêmica, a religiosidade afro-brasileira e os aspectos de sua ancestralidade fortemente nuançada em sua prática docente, pesquisadora e militante. Buscou-se fazer de forma não linear uma apresentação da sua trajetória acadêmica, os espaços ocupados por ela, a repercussão de suas pesquisas, bem como sua vinculação teórica à outras e outros intelectuais brasileiros e afro-brasileiros. Por fim, aponta-se a necessidade de mais estudos no campo das Relações Étnicas e contemporaneidade que tenham por objetivo precípuo a de(s)colonização do conhecimento e das ciências. Palavra-Chave: Marise de Santana
Relações Étnicas: desafios para o Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão no Campo Interdisciplinar
Authors: De Santana Marise 
Published: February 2020

Neste artigo estamos propondo falar sobre Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão como pretexto para pensar sobre as Relações Étnicas. Ou seja, de forma didática vamos falar sobre as Relações Étnicas e a indissociabilidade no tripé ENSINO-EXTENSÃO-PESQUISA, nesta ordem, pois enseja nossa experiência na educação superior no espaço do ODEERE. As perspectivas educacionais descolonizadoras lançam o olhar sobre processos de produção de conhecimentos que se voltem para pensar/debater metodologias que dê voz aos sujeitos, enaltecendo a oralidade e, portanto, o “senso comum” no sentido atribuído por Geertz em sua produção “Saber Local”. Tais perspectivas nos coloca os desafios que a problemática das fronteiras nas relações entre diferentes etnicidades nos apontam nos espaços educacionais.
Palavras-chave: Pesquisa, Ensino, Exrtensão, Relações Étnicas, ODEERE.