bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Papel de la inmunología en la endocrinología ginecológica: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Díaz-Yamal Ivonne , Ruiz-Wagner Carolina 
Published: February 2020

Objetivos: revisar la asociación que existe entre los diferentes mecanismos inmunes y los eventos endocrinos necesarios para la regulación de la reproducción humana.Metodología: el presente trabajo es una revisión sistemática cualitativa, para la cual se consultaron las bases de datos de Ovid y PubMed/Medline, seleccionando artículos publicados entre 1984 y 2009 referentes a estudios en animales y humanos que demostraran la relación existente entre los esteroides y la hormona liberadora de gonadotropinas con el sistema inmune, así como su expresión en algunas enfermedades de tipo autoinmune.Resultados: muchos estudios experimentales en animales han demostrado una asociación entre el sistema inmune y los diferentes ejes neuroendocrinos que regulanla reproducción humana. Aunque en el hombre no han sido dilucidados los mecanismos definitivos, se ha observado que la Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropinas (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone [GnRH]) y los esteroides sexuales tienen efectos a nivel de la programación del sistema inmune y su modulación. De la misma forma, se advierte que sistemas inmunes como el de la interleucina-1 juegan un papel importante en la regulación del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-gónada y de otros ejes involucrados en la reproducción.Conclusiones: la GnRH y los esteroides son moduladores de la respuesta inmune de manera que pueden estimularla o suprimirla. Los sistemas inmunes como el de interleucinas (IL-1) tienen efectos antigonadotróficos a nivel central, y esteroidogénicos a nivel ovárico, relacionándose así con otros sistemas como el adrenal y el tiroideo con respecto a la ovulación y a la formación del cuerpo lúteo y su regresión; procesos importantes en la reproducción.
PEYZAJ TASARIM SÜREÇLERİNDE COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİNİN KULLANIMI: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHRİ DERYA PARKI İÇİN EN KISA YOLLARIN VE SEYİR TERASI KONUMLARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: AKSOY Talha , ERDOĞAN Özlem , ÇABUK Saye 
Published: February 2020

Peyzaj tasarımın
temelinde, kullanıcı beklentileri ve tasarım mekânının doğal ve kültürel özelliklerine
uygun olarak fonksiyonel, ekonomik, ekolojik ve ekonomik çözümler üretme hedefi
yer almaktadır. Çoğunlukla yaratıcı bir süreç dahilinde, nispeten sübjektif yaklaşımlar ve
tasarımcının öngörüleriyle gerçekleştirilen peyzaj tasarımı günümüzde sadece
bilgisayar destekli çizim ve tasarım teknolojilerinden değil, mekânsal analiz
ve değerlendirmelerin kapsamlı ve objektif kriterler temelinde
gerçekleştirildiği coğrafi bilgi teknolojilerinden de faydalanır hale
gelmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada, Eskişehir İli Şehri Derya Parkı’nda
belirli noktalara erişim açısından en kısa yollar ile manzara niteliği yüksek
ve kullanıcılarda estetik duygular uyandırabilecek seyir terasları konumları belirlenmiştir.
Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) desteğiyle çalışma alanı içinde tespit edilen 15
farklı düğüm noktasına en kısa bağlantı yolları tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca, bağlantı
yollarının üzerinde gölün yüzey alanının görülebilirliğinin hesaplandığı 9 adet
seyir terası noktası oluşturulmuştur. Böylelikle, gerçekleştirilen uygulama ile
sadece planlama değil, mekânsal tasarım çalışmalarında da etkin ve hedeflenen
sonuçlara ulaşılmasında CBS’nin kullanım olanakları ve sağlayacağı katma
değerin vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır.
Pengaruh Pemahaman Pendidikan Agama Islam terhadap Pengamalan Keagamaan Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Sangkulirang
Authors: Nurhandayani Sri 
Published: February 2020

This research in the wake of the fact that in this time, students who study Islamic religious education but in himself has not formed Muslim personality, Beginning of dress, speech, association, and other things. In fact, there are still many who have not established conduct religious teachings such as prayer, fasting, and in her social morals less reflects a Muslim student. And do not rule out some that have very broad spiritual experience can leave worship and even do things that are religiously forbidden.This research aimed to determine whether there is the effect of understanding islamic education on spiritual experience SMA N 1 Sangkulirang. The hypothesis of this study is " theare is significant effect among the understanding of Islamic religious education on spiritual experience student SMA N 1 Sangkulirang." That is the better understanding of Islamic education, it would be better of the spiritual experience student SMA N I Sangkulirang.The sample collection technique is using cluster random sampling technique on student of SMA N1 class X and XI. While respondents count 104 students. The results obtained show that understanding of Islamic religious education have the value of r count of 0.587 with significance value of 0.000. And the count value r is greater than r table (0.578> 0.191), while the value of significance is also smaller than alpha of 0.05 (0.000> 0.05) thus testing showed Ha Ho accepted and rejected. These results show that the variable understanding of Islamic religious education in a positive and significant effect on students' religious practice.R Square results obtained amounted to 0.345 which means that the variable student religious practice can be affected by variables Islam understanding of religious education 34.5%, while the rest is influenced by other variables outside the research.Therefore can be concluded that the understanding of Islamic religious education affect on the spiritual experience student. Based on the above findings, the authors suggest to the school in order to further enhance the learning of Islamic education to provide religious understanding and practice to students.
Pola Relasi Sosial Keagamaan Mahasiswa Aktivis di Kota Samarinda: Studi Kasus Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Isntitut Agama Islam Negeri Samarinda dan Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda
Authors: Widiarto Sri 
Published: February 2020

Social Relation Pattern of College Activists, between ideal and reality is the existence of very interesting problem to investigate which has something to do with ghairu mah{d{ah (common ritual) because of the following factors: there are some students who less understand Islamic principles in comprehensive way, some students are less creative in packaging of Islamic activities; some students are less interested in Islamic Studies at campus and some others have less commitment in the implementation of Islamic values. Problem of this research is how is the religious social relation pattern of college activists in Samarinda? and what are the factors to affect religious social relation pattern of college activists in Samarinda? This case study research uses qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection technique was done by using observation, interview, and documentation. Data of this research is analyzed by using triangulation. It was done by reduction through induction and deduction process of observation transcripts, interview, and documentation of individual case, and it is compared in cross case analysis in discussion, and it was concluded as a research finding. This research reveals two conclusions. Firstly, religious social relation pattern of college activists in Samarinda of Students’ Executive Council of State Islamic Institute of Samarinda and Students’ Executive Council KM of Mulawarman University Samarinda individually are internal board management; external board management; peoples who gives contributions to the college; people who play role in the family; influencial people in society. In terms of organization, to develop religion, establish cooperation with attitude and develop relevant programs. Secondly, factors which affect religious social relation pattern of college activists in Samarinda of Students’ Executive Council of State Islamic Institute of Samarinda and Students’ Executive Council KM of Mulawarman University Samarinda are Islamic and general education factor; family and environment factor, awareness factor, and social media factor.
Implementasi Nilai-nilai Karakter Islam Berbasis Pembiasaan Siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Kota Batu
Authors: Rahim Abdan , Setiawan Agus 
Published: February 2020

This research aims to uncover the implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu, with sub focus includes: (1) a form implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu. (2) any characters that are formed on a student through a habituation method in Islamic education at MTsN Batu. (3) evaluation the implementation of habituation method in Islamic Education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu. This study uses qualitative methods to do a descriptive approach. Checking the validity of the data is carried out by means of Triangulation and reference materials. While the principal Informant of this research is the head master of school, deputy head of student management, master of class, and other related parties in this research. The results of this research indicate that: a form implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu are: (1) Habituation of character, habituation in worship, and habituation in the annual event. (2) the resulting characters of the students through habituation methods in Islamic education at MTsN Batu are: Culture religious, communicative/ amicable, care of environment, discipline, creative, the spirit of nationality, an avid reader, social care, and responsibility. (3) evaluation the implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu are: the ceremony on Monday, the assembly of the council of teachers (meeting), and through the book TATIBSI (the student code of conduct) with assessment scores and calculated each semester.
From South Belridge to West Hackberry - 40 Years of Progress in Air Injection
Authors: Fassihi M. R. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
In discussing the results of the first field test of in-situ combustion in the U.S.,1 Ramey provided many new ideas on different schemes of operation for air injection.2 These ideas that have kept researchers busy for the next 40 years were:
Injection of fuel gas (to support combustion when fuel concentration is low), Use of recycled produced gas (to decrease compression costs), Oxygen enrichment (to lower the injection flux), Addition of catalyst (to reduce oxygen requirement), and Partial areal burning (to transfer the stored heat ahead of the front).
This paper addresses the advancements made in some of the above topics and in our understanding of this complicated process. Needless to say, Ramey and his students were at the forefront of these advancements in the past 40 years. In a recent literature search on in-situ combustion, out of about 450 publications in the last 28 years, Ramey contributed to at least 55 entries.
Modifications to Decline Curve Analysis
Authors: Mead Homer N. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 11–16.

Abstract
This report develops equations for decline curve analysis based upon the premise that the rate of change of the reciprocal of decline for succeeding time intervals is constant when the reservoir is produced under a fixed set of conditions. A method is shown for predicting maximum production rate against cumulative production for any reservoir. A method is also presented for predicting future production rate by an analysis of past production performance after decline has been established.

Introduction
No significant contribution to the analysis of decline curves by the loss-ratio method has been made since J.J. Arps paper. The concept of loss-ratio that was developed by Arps and his contemporaries has been redefined in another way and the concept of instantaneous loss-ratio at time zero has been added. In the mathematical development by Arps, production rate was related as a continuous function with time and his equations were developed on that basis. In this paper, production is considered to be a series of segments for equal time intervals and equations have been developed based upon these finite differences.
It is realized that decline curve analysis is not the answer to all predictions of reservoir behavior. However, as production must decline from an initial maximum rate to zero in any reservoir, if such decline can be expressed as an infinite series, this series should accurately predict production. Decline curve analysis should be considered a valuable tool that may be used in conjunction with predictions of future recoveries by other methods. Various uses of the decline curve method will be discussed in this paper. Equations predicting production rate at any time and cumulative production by exponential and hyperbolic decline will be developed. Characteristic values of b related to various types of drive will be discussed. After that a hypothetical reservoir will be studied and ultimate recovery by natural depletion and pressure maintenance compared, then actual field examples will be shown and discussed.
The Determination of the Water-Injection Program for the Delhi Field by Means of the Automatic Multi-Pool Analyzer
Authors: Patterson O.L. , Dutton Granville , Ellis H.E. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 73–79.

Abstract
A large-scale water-injection program for the Holt Bryant reservoir of the Delhi field has been established by means of the new automatic multi-pool analyzer. The objectives of this program were to increase reservoir pressure and eliminate a cross-dip gradient of 200 psi. Pressure increases during the first 15 months of operation have allowed for increased oil production rates of 2,600 B/D or 25 per cent.
To determine the required water injection it was necessary to predict natural water influx rates. Elimination of the pressure gradients required the water-injection program to account for the fluid migration and pressure interaction between segments of the reservoir. An integral part of the analysis included the determination of in-place volumes of oil and gas.
The operation of the automatic multi-pool analyzer in determining the water-injection program is described. New features of the analyzer include an automatic material balance analog and a least-squares computer for determination of unknown reservoir properties. Operational procedures are sufficiently simple to allow direct use by reservoir engineers on a routine basis. The rapidity and accuracy with which problems may be solved permit repeated analyses as a check upon reservoir performance.

Introduction
This paper describes the use of a new analog computer in determining the optimum injection program for a complex reservoir.
The Holt-Bryant (Fig. 1) is the major reservoir in the Delhi field of Louisiana. Production is from the Tuscaloosa at subsea depths of 2,970 to 3,286 ft. The sand dips to the south and southwest from three to five degrees. The reservoir is approximately 12 miles long and varies in width from ½ to 2 miles. Various calculations have placed the initial volume of oil in-place in the wide range of 275 to 355 million STB. Two small gas caps were initially present in the reservoir.
The Holt-Bryant reservoir was discovered in Dec., 1944, and was fully developed with 188 producing wells by 1948. After development was completed, an east-west pressure gradient began to establish itself.
The Effect of Gas Composition Upon Oil Recovery by Gas Drive
Authors: Stone H.L. , Crump J.S. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 105–110.

Abstract
Laboratory studies have indicated that displacement of oil from a reservoir by means of a condensing gas drive results in extremely high oil recovery, approaching 100 per cent under the most favorable circumstances. A condensing gas drive is defined as a gas drive in which the gas utilized is appreciably soluble in the oil it is displacing.
The laboratory studies consisted of a number of gas drive displacement experiments, all using a horizontal, sand-packed, steel tube as the laboratory reservoir. The experimental results indicate that the more soluble a gas is in the oil to be displaced, the more efficient that gas is as a displacing fluid. Experiments were conducted utilizing both a light, volatile crude and a heavy, asphalt crude as the in-place oil. In both cases, oil recovery was appreciably enhanced by solubility of the displacing gas.
It is believed that the use of condensing gas drives would result in increased oil recovery from many reservoirs during either primary or secondary phases of production.

Introduction
Since the early days of the oil industry there has been an increasing awareness of the problems of oil recovery. During the last few decades particularly a growing recognition of the problems has led to widespread attempts on the part of the industry to increase oil recovery by improved technology. One method which has been used to increase recovery is the maintenance of reservoir pressure by injection of gas. Part of the beneficial effect resulting from this gas injection was to prevent evolution of the gas dissolved in the reservoir oil, since such evolution would decrease the relative permeability to oil, and also would cause the oil to shrink and become more viscous, thereby adversely affecting oil recovery.
Determining Gravity Drainage Characteristics on the Centrifuge
Authors: Marx J.W. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 88–91.

Abstract
A method is given for predicting the complete gravity drainage characteristics of arbitrarily long columns from centrifuge drainage measurements on reconstituted core samples. Oil residuals corresponding to hundreds of years of normal gravity depletion can be obtained in a few hours on the centrifuge. The gravity flow rate at any stage of the depletion process may be determined from the time correlation derived, arid experimentally checked, in this study.

Introduction
Apart from the original observations of Muskat et al, research publications on the subject of gravity drainage have been largely concerned with establishing in detail the saturation, S as a function of the height, z, in a draining column at any given time, t. Some form of numerical integration must be employed to obtain production rates and cumulative production even when S(z, t) is known. Furthermore, the relevant experimental work has been concentrated on drainage of a single wetting liquid from unconsolidated media. Since oil production usually concerns the drainage of a partially wetting liquid from consolidated media, in the presence of connate water, and since it is unlikely that sufficient information exists to establish S(z, t) in detail for any natural reservoir, the published research work appears to be, at best, only qualitatively applicable to production problems. With this in mind, the present study was undertaken by the writer. Experiments were planned whose results would have two advantages over existing measurements:Observations were to be made on specific reservoir rock, reconstituted with formation water and formation oil. This would reduce their generality, from the research viewpoint, but increase their utility for production purposes.The measurements were to be self-integrating, i.e., the phenomena were to be described and interpreted in terms of cumulative results.

Theoretical Development
It was commonly known that centrifuging a liquid bearing porous medium increases the drainage rates and minimizes capillary end effects. The specific problem lay in selecting an acceleration, a, such that the mean residual saturation of a model cylinder was equal to the residual saturation of an arbitrarily long prototype column when the latter was drained by earth gravity alone.
A Lightweight, Low Water-Loss, Oil-Emulsion Cement for Use in Oil Wells
Authors: Dumbauld G.K. , Brooks F.A. , Morgan B.E. , Binkley G.W. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 99–104.

Abstract
In recent years, oil well cementing compositions have been developed with low densities, controlled set strengths, and satisfactory thickening times. With the introduction of the permanent-type well completion method for cementing wells, another property-that of rate of filtration or water loss to permeable formations has become important. Laboratory data show that cement slurries prepared with oil, water, bentonite, and calcium lignosulfonate possess satisfactory thickening times, strengths, and filtration properties for primary cementing of casing and for squeeze cementing with the permanent-type well completion technique.
Cementing compositions have been prepared with oil-in-water emulsions varying in composition from 60 cc water and 20 cc oil per 100 gm cement to 90 cc water and 45 cc oil per 100 gm cement. These compositions have contained from 004 to 5.0 per cent calcium lignosulfonate by weight of dry cement. Slurries prepared from these compositions weigh 1l.4 to 13.1 lb/gal and have filtration rates of from 10 cc to approximately 100 cc in 30-min API tests at room temperature. The unfiltered emulsion cements develop one-day tensile strengths of 60 to 220 psi; and the filtered mass sets to tensile strengths of 60 to 150 psi in 12 hours and develops strengths of 320 to 515 psi in seven days when cured at 125° F.
Field experience gained from 13 field mixing jobs demonstrates the utility of the emulsion cement for permanent-type squeeze cementing operations.

Introduction
In recent years, research in oil well cementing composition has been directed toward the development of cements having low densities, controlled set strengths, satisfactory thickening times, and low rates of water loss by filtration. Two well cementing compositions that have been developed with these properties are the modified cements containing, respectively, 12 and 25 per cent bentonite clay and various concentrations of calcium lignosulfonate.
The Breakthrough Sweep Efficiency of the Staggered Line Drive
Authors: Prats M. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 207, 1956, pages 361–362.

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a method for obtaining the correct values of the breakthrough sweep efficiency of the staggered line drive, taking into account the proper shape of the breakthrough streamline. Results obtained were different from those previously published, which were obtained by using an inexact shape of the breakthrough streamline.

INTRODUCTION
In Section 9.31 of Muskat's The Flow of Homogeneous Fluids Through Porous Media, it is stated that in a staggered line drive flood "the streamline of highest average velocity [is] the line of centers between input and output wells" (see Fig. 1). Muskat used this concept to determine the relationship between the breakthrough sweep efficiency and the geometry of the staggered line drive pattern.
Although it is clear from symmetry considerations that the breakthrough streamline passes through the midpoint between input and output wells, it is equally clear, as shown in Fig. 239 of Ref. 1, that the breakthrough streamline is not represented very well by the straight line joining the input and output wells.
Therefore, it is desirable to determine the proper relationship between the breakthrough sweep efficiency and the pattern geometry by using the proper shape of the breakthrough streamline.