bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of posttreatment imaging modalities for Medicare patients with advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Morgan Rustain L. , Eguchi Megan M. , McDermott Jessica , Mueller Adam C. , Amini Arya , Goddard Julie A. , Trivedi Premal S. , Karam Sana D. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPersistent controversy exists with regard to how and when patients with head and neck cancer should undergo imaging after definitive therapy. The current study was conducted to evaluate whether the type of imaging modality used in posttreatment imaging impacts cancer‐specific survival for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsA retrospective study of National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program–Medicare‐linked data in patients with an advanced stage of the 3 most common head and neck malignancies (oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx) was conducted. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for cancer‐specific survival were estimated for patients diagnosed with any of these cancers between 2006 and 2015.ResultsSignificant improvement with regard to cancer‐specific survival was observed among patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III and stage IVA laryngeal cancer who underwent positron emission tomography (PET) and/or computed tomography (CT) imaging during the first 6 months after receipt of definitive treatment (hazard ratio, 0.517; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.811) compared with those who underwent CT. There was a trend toward an improvement in cancer‐specific survival among patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal malignancies who underwent PET/CT imaging, but it did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsCompared with CT imaging, posttreatment imaging with PET was associated with improved survival in patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma.
Chemical Reactivity of Supported ZnO Clusters: Undercoordinated Zinc and Oxygen Atoms as Active Sites
Authors: Yu Xiaojuan , Roth Jannik P. , Wang Junjun , Sauter Eric , Nefedov Alexei , Heißler Stefan , Pacchioni Gianfranco , Wang Yuemin , Wöll Christof 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe growth of ZnO clusters supported by ZnO‐bilayers on Ag(111) and the interaction of these oxide nanostructures with water have been studied by a multi‐technique approach combining temperature‐dependent infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), grazing‐emission X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Our results reveal that the ZnO bilayers exhibiting graphite‐like structure are chemically inactive for water dissociation, whereas small ZnO clusters formed on top of these well‐defined, yet chemically passive supports show extremely high reactivity ‐ water is dissociated without an apparent activation barrier. Systematic isotopic substitution experiments using H216O/D216O/D218O allow identification of various types of acidic hydroxyl groups. We demonstrate that a reliable characterization of these OH‐species is possible via co‐adsorption of CO, which leads to a red shift of the OD frequency due to the weak interaction via hydrogen bonding. The theoretical results provide atomic‐level insight into the surface structure and chemical activity of the supported ZnO clusters and allow identification of the presence of under‐coordinated Zn and O atoms at the edges and corners of the ZnO clusters as the active sites for H2O dissociation.
Eliminating the contact bounce of AC contactor based on speed feedback
Authors: Qi Lei , Zong Ming , Wang Xuejie 
Published: October 2020

SummaryContactor bounce has a serious impact on its electrical life and closed reliability in the process of closing the main circuit. Controlling the contact movement is one of the effective ways to reduce the bounce effect. In this paper, the contact movement characteristics are concerned directly. A big speed and small acceleration of contact are expected to complete the closure. The mathematical model of the circuit and the magnetic circuit are established, and the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic system are analyzed. The closed‐loop control system of contact motion characteristic based on speed feedback is constructed, and the speed tracking effect is improved effectively by fuzzy control. The experiment results showed that the control method proposed is correct, and the actual speed curve of the contact was consistent with the planned motion curve. The contact speed of the contact decreases obviously, which can achieve the goal of restraining the bounce of the contact.
Evidence for spatial clines and mixed geographic modes of speciation for North American cherry‐infesting Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies
Authors: Doellman Meredith M. , Saint Jean Gilbert , Egan Scott P. , Powell Thomas H. Q. , Hood Glen R. , Schuler Hannes , Bruzzese Daniel J. , Glover Mary M. , Smith James J. , Yee Wee L. , Goughnour Robert , Rull Juan , Aluja Martin , Feder Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn important criterion for understanding speciation is the geographic context of population divergence. Three major modes of allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric speciation define the extent of spatial overlap and gene flow between diverging populations. However, mixed modes of speciation are also possible, whereby populations experience periods of allopatry, parapatry, and/or sympatry at different times as they diverge. Here, we report clinal patterns of variation for 21 nuclear‐encoded microsatellites and a wing spot phenotype for cherry‐infesting Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) across North America consistent with these flies having initially diverged in parapatry followed by a period of allopatric differentiation in the early Holocene. However, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displays a different pattern; cherry flies at the ends of the clines in the eastern USA and Pacific Northwest share identical haplotypes, while centrally located populations in the southwestern USA and Mexico possess a different haplotype. We hypothesize that the mitochondrial difference could be due to lineage sorting but more likely reflects a selective sweep of a favorable mtDNA variant or the spread of an endosymbiont. The estimated divergence time for mtDNA suggests possible past allopatry, secondary contact, and subsequent isolation between USA and Mexican fly populations initiated before the Wisconsin glaciation. Thus, the current genetics of cherry flies may involve different mixed modes of divergence occurring in different portions of the fly's range. We discuss the need for additional DNA sequencing and quantification of prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolation to verify the multiple mixed‐mode hypothesis for cherry flies and draw parallels from other systems to assess the generality that speciation may commonly involve complex biogeographies of varying combinations of allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric divergence.
A contrast of meta and metafor packages for meta‐analyses in R
Authors: Lortie Christopher J. , Filazzola Alex 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

There is extensive choice in R to support meta‐analyses.

Two packages in this ecosystem include meta and metafor and provide an excellent opportunity to apply a structured checklist previously developed for contrasts between R packages relevant to challenges in ecology and evolution.

Meta is a direct, intuitive choice for rapid implementation of general meta‐analytical statistics. Metafor is a comprehensive package best suited for relatively more complex models.

Both packages provide estimates of heterogeneity, excellent visualization tools, and functions to explore publication bias.

The package metafor has a steeper learning curve but greater rewards. Reference to the learning curve and capacities of the statistical software Stata provided a benchmark outside the R ecosystem and confirmed the consistency in statistics.

The usefulness of meta‐analyses is not just in the synthesis of the research but in the process of doing the scientific synthesis. Reporting of contrasts and checks for robust statistics is an important contribution to more transparent and reproducible scientific syntheses.
Heat capacity and viscosity of ternary carbonate nanofluids
Authors: Rizvi Syed Muhammad Mujtaba , El Far Baha , Shin Donghyun 
Published: October 2020

SummaryRecent studies have shown that eutectic salt mixtures show remarkable enhancement in heat capacity after nanoparticles are dispersed at small concentrations. The exact mechanism behind these heat capacity enhancements is still inconclusive. However, recent studies proposed that the enhancement could be associated with nucleation and grain growth of salt dendritic structures. To investigate the hypothesis, we synthesized several samples of ternary carbonate salt mixture doped with 1% alumina nanoparticles and thermally cycled them at various heating rates and cooled them back to the solid‐state during the synthesis procedure. It can affect the nucleation/grain growth of salt dendritic nanostructures and, as a result, there can be different heat capacity enhancements. A differential scanning calorimetry was employed to characterize the heat capacity values of the systems. It was observed that the heat capacity enhancements decreased with increases in the heating rates. The highest heat capacity enhancement was observed at the lowest heating rate (ie, 2°C/min). A transmission electron microscope was employed to confirm the effect of heating cycling rates on the formation of dendritic structures. Moreover, pH variation method was used to study the effect of the dendritic structures on the heat capacity of the mixture. Furthermore, a rheometer was employed to characterize the rheological behavior. It was observed that nanofluid samples showed shear‐thinning behavior, whereas shear thinning was not observed in pure and nanofluid prepared with the pH variation method.
Prognostic value of the 8th edition American Joint Commission Cancer nodal staging system for patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Luk Peter P. , Ebrahimi Ardalan , Veness Michael J. , McDowell Lachlan , Magarey Matthew , Gao Kan , Palme Carsten E. , Clark Jonathan R. , Gupta Ruta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual (AJCC8) introduced a separate staging system for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) which parallels mucosal SCC and incorporates extranodal extension (ENE). This study aims to evaluate its prognostic utility.MethodsUnivariate analysis of 1146 patients with metastatic HNcSCC from four Australian cancer centers was performed according to both AJCC 7th (AJCC7) and the 8th editions.ResultsAJCC8 increased classification of 924 (80.6%) patients to either pN2a or pN3b and 341 patients (29.8%) from stage III to IV compared to AJCC7. The disease‐specific survival (DSS) was not significantly different between pN1, pN2 or pN3a categories per AJCC8. Estimates of model performance for the AJCC8 pN staging revealed modest predictive capacity (Harrell's C of 0.62 for DSS).ConclusionsThe risk stratification according to pN classification of AJCC8 staging system performed poorly as a prognostic indicator.
Early prognostic capacity of serum lactate for severe postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Basil‐Kway Venance , Castillo‐Reyther Roberto , Domínguez‐Salgado L. Andrés , Espinosa‐Tanguma Ricardo , Medina Úrsula , Gordillo‐Moscoso Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether the concentration of serum lactate during the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage (bleeding ≥500 mL during labor or ≥1000 mL during cesarean delivery) predicts severe hemorrhage (SPPH; blood loss ≥1500 mL at end of labor or in the following 24 h).MethodsA prospective cohort pilot study was conducted of women with a vaginal or cesarean delivery from February 2018 to March 2019 who presented with bleeding ≥500 mL measured by the gravimetric method in a reference hospital in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Venous blood samples were taken for analysis of serum lactate. A receiver operating characteristic curve determined the serum lactate threshold value for SPPH and χ2 test assessed the difference in serum lactate elevation between SPPH and non‐SPPH groups. Lastly, the prognostic capacity between the thresholds was compared.ResultsSPPH developed in 43.33% of the 30 women in the study group. The best prognostic threshold was 2.68 mmol/L of serum lactate (odds ratio [OR] 17.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7–16.8, P < 0.001); sensitivity was 0.85 (95% CI 0.55–0.98); specificity was 0.76 (95% CI 0.50–0.93).ConclusionSerum lactate may be a useful prognostic marker for SPPH, more studies are needed to validate these findings.
A qualitative exploration of barriers to health‐facility‐based delivery in Bomachoge‐Borabu and Kaloleni, Kenya
Authors: Naanyu Violet , Wade Terrance J. , Ngetich Angela , Mulama Kennedy , Nyaga Lucy , Pell Rachel , Mossman Lindsay , Obure Jerim , Temmerman Marleen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore barriers to utilization of health‐facility‐based delivery in Kenya, use of which is associated with reduced maternal mortality.MethodsIn April 2017, a qualitative study utilizing key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) was carried out in Bomachoge‐Borabu and Kaloleni, Kenya. Twenty‐four KIIs were performed including health service providers, community health workers, religious leaders, local government representatives, Ministry of Health representatives, and representatives of women's organizations. Sixteen FGDs were held separately with adolescent females, adult females, adult males, and Community Health Committee members. Data were transcribed, coded, and categorized thematically to illustrate supply‐side and demand‐side barriers to use of health‐facility‐based delivery services.ResultsSupply‐side barriers included staff shortages, inadequate supplies and space, poor interpersonal relations, few trained staff, long distance to services, poor transport infrastructure, and limited service hours. Demand‐side barriers included financial constraints, limited spousal support, observance of birthing traditions, limited knowledge on importance of health‐facility‐based delivery, and fear of health‐facility procedures.ConclusionsDiverse barriers continue to influence use of health‐facility‐based delivery services in Kenya. Practical, integrated interventions are urgently needed to reduce barriers noted, to further reduce the maternal mortality rate.
Sex-Specific Associations Between Cardiac Workload, Peripheral Vascular Calcification, and Bone Mineral Density: The Gambian Bone and Muscle Aging Study
Authors: Zengin Ayse , Jarjou Landing M , Janha Ramatoulie E , Prentice Ann , Cooper Cyrus , Ebeling Peter R , Ward Kate A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) are rapidly rising in Africa, with multimorbidity increasing the burden on health and social care. Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share common risk factors; both often remain undiagnosed until a major life-threatening event occurs. We investigated the associations between cardiac workload, peripheral vascular calcification (PVC), and bone parameters in Gambian adults. The Gambian Bone and Muscle Aging Study (GamBAS) recruited 249 women and 239 men aged 40 to 75+ years. Body composition and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans were performed at the radius and tibia. Supine blood pressure and heart rate were measured and used to calculate rate pressure product and pulse pressure. Presence of PVC was determined from tibia pQCT scans. Sex interactions were tested (denoted as p-int); adjustments were made for residuals of appendicular lean mass (ALM) and fat mass (FM). There were negative associations between rate pressure product and aBMD in women only, all p-int &lt; .05; after adjustment for ALM residuals, for every 10% increase in rate pressure product, aBMD was lower at the whole body (−0.6% [−1.2, −0.1]), femoral neck (−0.9% [−1.8, −0.05]), L1 to L4 (−0.6% [−1.7, 0.5]), and radius (−1.9% [−2.8, −0.9]); there were similar associations when adjusted for FM residuals. Similar negative associations were found between pulse pressure and aBMD in women only. PVC were found in 26.6% men and 22.5% women; women but not men with calcification had poorer cardiac health and negative associations with aBMD (all sites p-int &lt; .001). There were consistent associations with cardiac parameters and pQCT outcomes at the radius and tibia in women only. Multiple markers of cardiac health are associated with poorer bone health in Gambian women. In the context of epidemiological transition and changing NCD burden, there is a need to identify preventative strategies to slow/prevent the rising burden in CVD and osteoporosis in Sub-Saharan Africa. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bone From Blood: Characteristics and Clinical Implications of Circulating Osteogenic Progenitor (COP) Cells
Authors: Feehan Jack , Kassem Moustapha , Pignolo Robert J , Duque Gustavo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Circulating osteogenic progenitor (COP) cells are a population of cells in the peripheral blood with the capacity for bone formation, as well as broader differentiation into mesoderm-like cells in vitro. Although some of their biological characteristics are documented in vitro, their role in diseases of the musculoskeletal system remains yet to be fully evaluated. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of COP cells in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, as well as identify areas for future research. In addition, we suggest possible areas for clinical utilization in the management of musculoskeletal diseases. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A unified approach to construct snarks with circular flow number 5
Authors: Goedgebeur Jan , Mattiolo Davide , Mazzuoccolo Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe well‐known 5‐flow Conjecture of Tutte, stated originally for integer flows, claims that every bridgeless graph has circular flow number at most 5. It is a classical result that the study of the 5‐flow Conjecture can be reduced to cubic graphs, in particular to snarks. However, very few procedures to construct snarks with circular flow number 5 are known. In the first part of this paper, we summarise some of these methods and we propose new ones based on variations of the known constructions. Afterwards, we prove that all such methods are nothing but particular instances of a more general construction that we introduce into detail. In the second part, we consider many instances of this general method and we determine when our method permits to obtain a snark with circular flow number 5. Finally, by a computer search, we determine all snarks having circular flow number 5 up to 36 vertices. It turns out that all such snarks of order at most 34 can be obtained by using our method, and that the same holds for 96 of the 98 snarks of order 36 with circular flow number 5.
The role of B7 family members in the generation of Immunoglobulin
Authors: Xiao Ze Xiu , Hu Xiaojiang , Jarjour Wael , Zheng Song Guo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ig is a Y-shaped protein produced by plasma cells and exerts multiple functions in humoral immunity. There are five groups of Igs including IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, which differ in their heavy chain class. The primary function of Igs includes the neutralization of extrinsic pathogens, agglutination of foreign cells for phagocytosis, precipitation of soluble antigens in serum, and complement fixation. The B cells activated by antigen(s) can differentiate into antibody-producing cells that are called plasma cells and usually matured in the germinal center (GC). Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells crosstalk with antigen-presenting cells and play a crucial role in the development of the GC. Moreover, Tfh cells regulate trafficking through the GC to allow formative interaction with GC B cells that ultimately results in affinity maturation, B-cell memory, and Ig class switching. The B7 family is a series of number of structurally related membrane proteins that bind with a specific receptor to deliver costimulatory or co-inhibitory signals that regulate the activation of T cells in GC. Here, we review and summarize the recent advance of the effects of B7 family members on Ig production and relative diseases.
Transcutaneous CO2 Monitoring in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy for Sleep Disordered Breathing
Authors: Don Debra , Osterbauer Beth , Nour Sameh , Matar Marla , Margolis Rebecca , Bushman Gerald 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisChildren undergoing tonsillectomy for sleep‐disordered breathing are at risk for respiratory compromise when narcotics are administered. Severe complications resulting from hypoxia can include neuro‐devastation and death. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and utility of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcPCO2) monitoring during and after adenotonsillectomy.Study DesignProspective, Observational study.MethodsTwenty‐nine children with sleep‐disordered breathing scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were included in the study. Peri‐operative measurements of tcPCO2 were compared against a single venous blood sample (PaCO2) and end‐tidal (ET) CO2. The differences between ETCO2, tcPCO2 measures, and PaCO2 were examined using non‐paired t‐tests and linear regression. Parameters from PSG were recorded and associations with tcPCO2 values were performed using linear regression analysis. Group comparisons were made between pre‐, intra‐, and post‐operative tcPCO2 measurements.ResultsSimilar to ETCO2, there was good correlation of tcPCO2 to PaCO2. Children with lower oxygen (O2) saturation nadirs had higher peak CO2 levels during surgery and spent a greater proportion of time with CO2 > 50 mmHg in the recovery room (P < .01 and P < .08). Other PSG measures (apnea‐hypopnea index, O2 desaturation index, and peak CO2) did not have any significant correlation. Frequent episodes of hypercapnia were noted intra‐ and post‐operatively and mean tcPCO2 values during both periods were significantly higher than baseline (P < .001).ConclusionstcPCO2 monitoring is viable in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy and can provide a good estimate of hypoventilation. tcPCO2 measurements may have particular benefit in the post‐operative setting and may assist in identifying children at greater risk for respiratory complications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1410–1415, 2021