bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into the kinematics of blue whale surface foraging through drone observations and prey data
Authors: Torres Leigh G. , Barlow Dawn R. , Chandler Todd E. , Burnett Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2020

To understand how predators optimize foraging strategies, extensive knowledge of predator behavior and prey distribution is needed. Blue whales employ an energetically demanding lunge feeding method that requires the whales to selectively feed where energetic gain exceeds energetic loss, while also balancing oxygen consumption, breath holding capacity, and surface recuperation time. Hence, blue whale foraging behavior is primarily driven by krill patch density and depth, but many studies have not fully considered surface feeding as a significant foraging strategy in energetic models. We collected predator and prey data on a blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda) foraging ground in New Zealand in February 2017 to assess the distributional and behavioral response of blue whales to the distribution and density of krill prey aggregations. Krill density across the study region was greater toward the surface (upper 20 m), and blue whales were encountered where prey was relatively shallow and more dense. This relationship was particularly evident where foraging and surface lunge feeding were observed. Furthermore, New Zealand blue whales also had relatively short dive times (2.83 ± 0.27 SE min) as compared to other blue whale populations, which became even shorter at foraging sightings and where surface lunge feeding was observed. Using an unmanned aerial system (UAS; drone) we also captured unique video of a New Zealand blue whale’s surface feeding behavior on well-illuminated krill patches. Video analysis illustrates the whale’s potential use of vision to target prey, make foraging decisions, and orient body mechanics relative to prey patch characteristics. Kinematic analysis of a surface lunge feeding event revealed biomechanical coordination through speed, acceleration, head inclination, roll, and distance from krill patch to maximize prey engulfment. We compared these lunge kinematics to data previously reported from tagged blue whale lunges at depth to demonstrate strong similarities, and provide rare measurements of gape size, and krill response distance and time. These findings elucidate the predator-prey relationship between blue whales and krill, and provide support for the hypothesis that surface feeding by New Zealand blue whales is an important component to their foraging ecology used to optimize their energetic efficiency. Understanding how blue whales make foraging decisions presents logistical challenges, which may cause incomplete sampling and biased ecological knowledge if portions of their foraging behavior are undocumented. We conclude that surface foraging could be an important strategy for blue whales, and integration of UAS with tag-based studies may expand our understanding of their foraging ecology by examining surface feeding events in conjunction with behaviors at depth.
Long-reads reveal that Rhododendron delavayi plastid genome contains extensive repeat sequences, and recombination exists among plastid genomes of photosynthetic Ericaceae
Authors: Li Huie , Guo Qiqiang , Li Qian , Yang Lan 
Published: April 2020

Background
Rhododendron delavayi Franch. var. delavayi is a wild ornamental plant species in Guizhou Province, China. The lack of its plastid genome information seriously hinders the further application and conservation of the valuable resource.

Methods
The complete plastid genome of R. delavayi was assembled from long sequence reads. The genome was then characterized, and compared with those of other photosynthetic Ericaceae species.

Results
The plastid genome of R. delavayi has a typical quadripartite structure, and a length of 202,169 bp. It contains a large number of repeat sequences and shows preference for codon usage. The comparative analysis revealed the irregular recombination of gene sets, including rearrangement and inversion, in the large single copy region. The extreme expansion of the inverted repeat region shortened the small single copy, and expanded the full length of the genome. In addition, consistent with traditional taxonomy, R. delavayi with nine other species of the same family were clustered into Ericaceae based on the homologous protein-coding sequences of the plastid genomes. Thus, the long-read assembly of the plastid genome of R. delavayi would provide basic information for the further study of the evolution, genetic diversity, and conservation of R. delavayi and its relatives.
Studies on Biology and Morphometrics of Etiella zinckenella (Lepidoptera) on Lentil under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Kumar Gulshan , Yadav Surender Singh , . Manisha , . Sindhu 
Published: April 2020

Background: Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke), an important and destructive pest of lentils and peas owing to its feeding habit.
Aim: The present study aims to investigate the biology and morphometrics of Etiella zinckenella (lepidoptera) on lentil under laboratory conditions.
Study Design: Laboratory experiment carried out on biological parameters of Etiella zinckenella in the department of Entomology, CCSHAU and Hisar.
Results: Study revealed that a single female could lay 46-65eggs (average 56.3 eggs) preferably singly on pods, flowers, calyx and leaves of lentil. Incubation period of the eggs varied from 5.18 to 5.38 days (average 5.24 days). After egg hatching, larvae passed through 5 larval instars. Total larval and pupal period was observed on an average 16.9 and 13.38 days, respectively. Adult longevity of male and female was found on an average 4.1 and 5.6 days respectively. Etiella zinckenella completed its total life cycle in 37-45 days.
Conclusion: Biology of an insect pest is a condition precedent to find out its management strategies. Hence, observation on nature and behaviour of each developmental stage of this pest can be further utilised in the effective management at its damaging stage under field conditions.
Exploratory study of brain waves and corresponding brain regions of fatigue on-call doctors using quantitative electroencephalogram
Authors: Xavier Gregory , Su Ting Anselm , Fauzan Norsiah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
It is common to find doctors working long and odd hours and many at times without rest and sleep. Despite the evidence of adverse risk, jeopardizing patient safety under the hands of fatigue doctors under such working hours has not changed in many places. It has argued that with such training and subsequent experience, such issues with patient safety reduce. Fatigue too is argued as subjective, as those who can withstand the stress still perform. Nevertheless, undeniably working under fatigue is not safe for both the patient and the doctor. This study is a novel attempt to explore and objectify the state of fatigue using quantitative EEG among post-call doctors.

Method
Seven volunteer post-call doctors were recruited to go through an EEG recording before and after their on-call rotation while at rest and subsequently while carrying out Stroop Test, putting their cognitive function at work.

Results
The doctors have worked up to 33 hours in a row and have had sleep of an average of 1.5 hours. It is found that during task there is a statistically significant increase in theta (frontal and occipital regions) and beta (occipital region) band power while at task post-call. Alpha band power is increased in the frontal and reduced in other regions. Correlation with Stroop Test results indicated that those who have higher alpha, beta, and lower relative theta powers at the frontal region at post-call rest have higher percentage of correct congruent trials.

Conclusion
The results objectively imply that these fatigue doctors are under more strain while carrying out a task and corresponds to the implicated regions of brain stimulated by the task accordingly.
Exercise training reduces workload, improves physical performance, and promotes overall health in welders
Authors: Weyh Christopher , Pilat Christian , Frech Torsten , Krüger Karsten , Reichel Thomas , Mooren Frank-Christoph 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Welders demonstrate a significant prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders as indicated by high rates of illness-related absenteeism. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a 24-week exercise program on workload, physical performance, and overall health in welders.

Methods
Seventy-seven professional welders were assigned to either a control group (CG), an endurance training group (ETG), or a strength training group (STG). Both groups conducted a 24-week, standardized and progressive endurance or resistance exercise training program. Before (TP1) and after training (TP2) all participants performed an experimental welding task (EWT) in order to test the hypothesis that training would reduce the relative load (%MVC) of eight skeletal muscles measured by surface electromyography. Secondary outcome measures included further EWT-induced stress parameters and a series of health-related outcome measures.

Results
Results revealed a lower muscle load in participants of the ETG and STG for trapezius muscle at TP2 compared to T1 (P &lt; .05 vs CG). Rate of perceived exertion and visual analogue scale were decreased, while increase of maximum EWT duration was found in participants of the ETG and STG after training (P &lt; .05 vs CG). At T2, body fat (%) decreased and physical performance (bicycle exercise test, isometric strength of core muscles) increased in ETG and STG (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Both regular endurance and strength training represent effective strategies for reducing workload and improving physical performance of welders. The results emphasize the importance of physical fitness for welders and might motivate health professionals in steel-industry to offer access to exercise training programs.
Multifunctional Glyco‐Nanosheets to Eradicate Drug‐Resistant Bacteria on Wounds
Authors: Guo Zhong , He Jing‐Xi , Mahadevegowda Surendra H. , Kho Shu Hui , Chan‐Park Mary B. , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBacterial infection is becoming increasingly lethal with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and wounds plagued by such infection are notoriously difficult to heal. Here, the first use of galactose‐black phosphorus nanosheets, (Gal‐BP NSs) as a delivery platform for synergistic antibiotic (kanamycin, Kana) and photothermal treatments against the Gram‐negative microbial strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (PAO1) is reported. Gal‐BP NSs@Kana can actively target PAO1 and release kanamycin into the bacterial cytoplasm upon near‐infrared laser irradiation. This strategy kills most of the PAO1 through a simultaneous burst of intracellular kanamycin release and photothermal treatment. Comparable antibacterial activities of Gal‐BP NSs@Kana are observed within in vivo mouse models at their wound sites. In addition, this platform accelerates wound healing from PAO1 infection via promotion of neoangiogenesis and collagen production at the wound sites. This work demonstrates the material properties of Gal‐BP NS in fighting bacterial infections and in the treatment of wound healing.
Fabrication and Applications of 3D Nanoarchitectures for Advanced Electrocatalysts and Sensors
Authors: Kim Ye Ji , Lee Gyu Rac , Cho Eugene N. , Jung Yeon Sik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor the last few decades, nanoscale materials and structures have been extensively studied and developed, making a huge impact on human sustainability. For example, the introduction of nanostructures has brought substantial development in electrocatalysts and optical sensing applications. However, there are still remaining challenges that need to be resolved to further improve their performance, reliability, and cost‐effectiveness. Herein, long‐range ordered 3D nanostructures and their design principles are introduced with an emphasis on electrocatalysts for energy conversion and plasmonic nanostructures for optical sensing. Among the various fabrication techniques, sequential solvent‐injection‐assisted nanotransfer printing is suggested as a practical fabrication platform for tunable long‐range ordered 3D nanostructures composed of ultrahigh‐resolution building blocks. Furthermore, the importance of understanding and controlling the 3D design parameters is discussed to realize more efficient energy conversion as well as effective surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy analyses, suggesting new solutions for clean energy and healthcare issues.
Flexible and Self‐Powered Photodetector Arrays Based on All‐Inorganic CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots
Authors: Shen Kai , Xu Hao , Li Xiao , Guo Jian , Sathasivam Sanjayan , Wang Mingqing , Ren Aobo , Choy Kwang Leong , Parkin Ivan P. , Guo Zhengxiao , Wu Jiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFlexible devices are garnering substantial interest owing to their potential for wearable and portable applications. Here, flexible and self‐powered photodetector arrays based on all‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are reported. CsBr/KBr‐mediated CsPbBr3 QDs possess improved surface morphology and crystallinity with reduced defect densities, in comparison with the pristine ones. Systematic material characterizations reveal enhanced carrier transport, photoluminescence efficiency, and carrier lifetime of the CsBr/KBr‐mediated CsPbBr3 QDs. Flexible photodetector arrays fabricated with an optimum CsBr/KBr treatment demonstrate a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.3 V, responsivity of 10.1 A W−1, specific detectivity of 9.35 × 1013 Jones, and on/off ratio up to ≈104. Particularly, such performance is achieved under the self‐powered operation mode. Furthermore, outstanding flexibility and electrical stability with negligible degradation after 1600 bending cycles (up to 60°) are demonstrated. More importantly, the flexible detector arrays exhibit uniform photoresponse distribution, which is of much significance for practical imaging systems, and thus promotes the practical deployment of perovskite products.
Harnessing the Formation of Natural Killer–Tumor Cell Immunological Synapses for Enhanced Therapeutic Effect in Solid Tumors
Authors: Im Sooseok , Jang Donghyun , Saravanakumar Gurusamy , Lee Junseok , Kang Yeoul , Lee Yeong Mi , Lee Jaehyun , Doh Junsang , Yang Zung Yoon , Jang Myoung Ho , Kim Won Jong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe formation of an immunological synapse (IS) on recognition of a cancer cell is the main mechanism underlying the natural killer (NK)‐cell‐mediated killing of tumor cells. Herein, an integrative strategy for cancer therapy against solid tumors is reported, in which alterations in the cleft of IS, following the secretion of acidic granular content, are utilized as a trigger for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. NK cells are decorated with the IS‐environment‐responsive micellar system to ensure the release of the payload when they attack cancer cells. Using this strategy, the immunological cytotoxic killing effect of NK cells against solid tumors is reinforced with the site‐specific diffusion of chemotherapeutic agents. Harnessing the intrinsic mechanism for the recognition of abnormal cells and the tumor‐homing effect of NK cells limit the adverse systemic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. This approach may provide a pragmatic platform for the universal and effective utilization of IS formation.
Memristive Behavior Enabled by Amorphous–Crystalline 2D Oxide Heterostructure
Authors: Yin Xin , Wang Yizhan , Chang Tzu‐hsuan , Zhang Pei , Li Jun , Xue Panpan , Long Yin , Shohet J. Leon , Voyles Paul M. , Ma Zhenqiang , Wang Xudong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe emergence of memristive behavior in amorphous–crystalline 2D oxide heterostructures, which are synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a few‐nanometer amorphous Al2O3 layers onto atomically thin single‐crystalline ZnO nanosheets, is demonstrated. The conduction mechanism is identified based on classic oxygen vacancy conductive channels. ZnO nanosheets provide a 2D host for oxygen vacancies, while the amorphous Al2O3 facilitates the generation and stabilization of the oxygen vacancies. The conduction mechanism in the high‐resistance state follows Poole–Frenkel emission, and in the the low‐resistance state is fitted by the Mott–Gurney law. From the slope of the fitting curve, the mobility in the low‐resistance state is estimated to be ≈2400 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is the highest value reported in semiconductor oxides. When annealed at high temperature to eliminate oxygen vacancies, Al is doped into the ZnO nanosheet, and the memristive behavior disappears, further confirming the oxygen vacancies as being responsible for the memristive behavior. The 2D heterointerface offers opportunities for new design of high‐performance memristor devices.
Heterostructures of 2D Molybdenum Dichalcogenide on 2D Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon: Superior Potassium‐Ion Storage and Insight into Potassium Storage Mechanism
Authors: Ma Mingze , Zhang Shipeng , Yao Yu , Wang Haiyun , Huang Huijuan , Xu Rui , Wang Jiawei , Zhou Xuefeng , Yang Wenjing , Peng Zhangquan , Wu Xiaojun , Hou Yanglong , Yu Yan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConstructing 2D heterostructure materials by stacking different 2D materials can combine the merits of the individual building blocks while eliminating their shortcomings. Dichalcogenides are attractive anodes for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity. However, the practical application of dichalcogenide is greatly hampered by the poor electrochemical performance due to sluggish kinetics of K+ insertion and the electrode structure collapse resulting from the large K+ insertion. Herein, heterostructures of 2D molybdenum dichalcogenide on 2D nitrogen‐doped carbon (MoS2, MoSe2‐on‐NC) are prepared to boost their potassium storage performance. The unique 2D heterostructures possess built‐in heterointerfaces, facilitating K+ diffusion. The robust chemical bonds (CS, CSe, CMo bonds) enhance the mechanical strength of electrodes, thus suppressing the volume expansion. The 2D N‐doped carbon nanosheets interconnected as a 3D structure offer a fast diffusion path for electrons. Benefitting from these merits, both the MoS2‐on‐NC and the MoSe2‐on‐NC exhibit unprecedented cycle life. Moreover, the electrochemical reaction mechanism of MoSe2 is revealed during the process of potassiation and depotassiation.
Targeted Repair of Vascular Injury by Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells Modified with P‐Selectin Binding Peptide
Authors: Yan Hongyu , Mi Xingyan , Midgley Adam C. , Du Xinchen , Huang Ziqi , Wei Tingting , Liu Ruihua , Ma Tengzhi , Zhi Dengke , Zhu Dashuai , Wang Ting , Feng Guowei , Zhao Ying , Zhang Weiye , He Ju , Zhu Meifeng , Kong Deling , Wang Kai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease treatment often results in pathological vascular injury, characterized by P‐selectin overexpression. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) therapeutic efficacy remains elusive due to poor ADSCs targeting and retention in injured vessels. Here, conjugated P‐selectin binding peptide (PBP) to polyethylene glycol‐conjugated phospholipid derivative (DMPE‐PEG) linkers (DMPE‐PEG‐PBP; DPP) are used to facilitate the modification of PBP onto ADSCs cell surfaces via hydrophobic interactions between DMPE‐PEG and the phospholipid bilayer. DPP modification neither has influence on ADSCs proliferation nor apoptosis/paracrine factor gene expression. A total of 5 × 10−6 m DPP‐modified ADSCs (DPP‐ADSCs) strongly binds to P‐selectin‐displaying activated platelets and endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro and to wire‐injured rat femoral arteries when administered by intra‐arterial injection. Targeted binding of ADSCs shields injury sites from platelet and leukocyte adhesion, thereby decreasing inflammation at injury sites. Furthermore, targeted binding of ADSCs recovers injured ECs functionality and reduces platelet‐initiated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) chemotactic migration. Targeted binding of DPP‐human ADSCs to balloon‐injured human femoral arteries is also demonstrated in ex vivo experiments. Overall, DPP‐ADSCs promote vascular repair, inhibit neointimal hyperplasia, increase endothelium functionality, and maintain normal VSMCs alignment, supporting preclinical noninvasive utilization of DPP‐ADSCs for vascular injury.
The Role of Phosphate Group in Doped Cobalt Molybdate: Improved Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Berry‐Gair Jasper , Li Wenyao , Guan Guoqiang , Yang Manni , Li Jianwei , Lai Feili , Corà Furio , Holt Katherine , Brett Dan J. L. , He Guanjie , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a critical process in the electrolysis of water. Recently, much effort has been dedicated to developing low‐cost, highly efficient, and stable electrocatalysts. Transition metal phosphides are investigated intensively due to their high electronic conductivity and optimized absorption energy of intermediates in acid electrolytes. However, the low stability of metal phosphide materials in air and during electrocatalytic processes causes a decay of performance and hinders the discovery of specific active sites. The HER in alkaline media is more intricate, which requires further delicate design due to the Volmer steps. In this work, phosphorus‐modified monoclinic β‐CoMoO4 is developed as a low‐cost, efficient, and stable HER electrocatalyst for the electrolysis of water in alkaline media. The optimized catalyst shows a small overpotential of 94 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the HER with high stability in KOH electrolyte, and an overpotential of 197 mV to reach a current density of 100 mA cm−2. Combined computational and in situ spectroscopic techniques show P is present as a surface phosphate ion; that electron holes localize on the surface ions and both (PO1−) and Co3+OH− are prospective surface active sites for the HER.
Recent Progress in High Linearly Fused Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons (PCHs, n > 6) with Well‐Defined Structures
Authors: Chen Wangqiao , Yu Fei , Xu Qun , Zhou Guofu , Zhang Qichun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons (PCHs) and their analogues have gained great progress in the fields of organic photoelectronic materials, the in‐depth study on present PCHs is still limited to hexacene or below because longer PCHs are insoluble, unstable, and tediously synthesized. Very recently, various strategies including on‐surface synthesis are developed to address these issues and many higher novel PCHs are constructed. Therefore, it is necessary to review these advances. Here, the recent synthetic approach, basic physicochemical properties, single‐crystal packing behaviors, and potential applications of the linearly fused PCHs (higher than hexacene), including acenes or π‐extended acenes with fused six‐membered benzenoid rings and other four‐membered, five‐membered or even seven‐membered and eight‐membered fused compounds, are summarized.