bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defect incorporation in In-containing layers and quantum wells: experimental analysis via deep level profiling and optical spectroscopy
Authors: Piva F , De Santi C , Caria A , Haller C , Carlin J F , Mosca M , Meneghesso G , Zanoni E , Grandjean N , Meneghini M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that the performance of InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be significantly improved through the insertion of an InGaN underlayer (UL). The current working hypothesis is that the presence of the UL reduces the density of non-radiative recombination centers (NRCs) in the QW itself: during the growth of the UL, surface defects are effectively buried in the UL, without propagating towards the QW region. Despite the importance of this hypothesis, the concentration profile of defects in the quantum wells of LEDs with and without the UL was never investigated in detail. This paper uses combined capacitance-voltage and steady-state photocapacitance measurements to experimentally identify the defects acting as NRCs and to extract a depth-profile of the traps, thus proving the incorporation upon indium-reaction. Specifically: (i) we demonstrate that LEDs without UL have a high density (9.2 × 1015 cm−3) of defects, compared to samples with UL (0.8 × 1015 cm−3); (ii) defects are located near midgap (E
C-1.8 eV, corresponding to E
i-E
T ∼ 0.3 eV), thus acting as efficient NRCs; (iii) crucially, the density of defects has a peak within the QWs, indicating that traps are segregated at the first grown InGaN layers; (iv) we propose a model to calculate trap distribution in the QW, and we demonstrate a good correspondence with experimental data. These results provide unambiguous demonstration of the role of UL in limiting the propagation of defects towards the QWs, and the first experimental characterization of the properties of the related traps.
The higher superconducting transition temperature T
c and the functional derivative of T
c with α
2
F(ω) for electron–phonon superconductors
Authors: Camargo-Martínez J A , González-Pedreros G I , Mesa F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work presents an analysis of the functional derivative of the superconducting transition temperature T
c with respect to the electron-phonon coupling function α
2
F(ω) [δT
c/δα
2
F(ω)] and α
2
F(ω) spectrum of H3S (

Im

3

̄

m

), in the pressure range where the high-T
c was measured (155–225 GPa). The calculations are done in the framework of the Migdal–Eliashberg theory. We find for this electron–phonon superconductor, a correlation between the maximums of δT
c/δα
2
F(ω) and α
2
F(ω) with its higher T
c. We corroborate this behavior in other electron–phonon superconductors by analyzing data available in the literature, which suggests its validity in this type of superconductors. The correlation observed could be considered as a theoretical tool that in an electron–phonon superconductor, allows describing qualitatively the proximity to its highest T
c, and determining the optimal physical conditions (pressure, alloying or doping concentration) that lead to the superconductor reaching its highest T
c possible.
Unusual Debye relaxation in 4-methyl-2-pentanol evidenced by high-pressure dielectric studies
Authors: Guo Yuxing , Jin Xiao , Wang Li-Min 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Debye relaxation is the main signal in the dielectric measurements of monoalcohols arising from the hydrogen-bonded superstructures, but its physics remains to be cleared. In this work, a monoalcohol of 4-methyl-2-pentanol is studied using dielectric spectroscopies recorded at high pressures. The dynamic parameters of the Debye and structural relaxations are extracted. The calculation of the Kirkwood factor of the Debye relaxation indicates chain-like H-bond molecular configurations. Remarkably, we found that both ratios of the relaxation strength and relaxation time between the Debye and structural dynamics, Δε
D/Δε

α
and τ
D/τ

α
, decreases upon compression, indicating a positive correlation. This is different from the results reported in primary 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and secondary 4-methyl-3-heptanol, where the two ratios are inversely correlated. The discussion and interpretation of these different results are provided.
Z-scheme TiO2@Ti3C2/Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanocomposites with efficient photocatalytic performance via one-step hydrothermal route
Authors: Yin Qiao , Cao Zhenzhen , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhai Jiaming , Li Mingliang , Guan Li , Fan Bingbing , Liu Wen , Shao Gang , Xu Hongliang , Wang Hailong , Zhang Rui , Lu Hongxia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants has been proved to be an effective strategy for wastewater treatment. Herein, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized on a Ti3C2 matrix by in situ growth, forming Z-scheme TiO2@Ti3C2/Cd0.5Zn0.5S (TO/CZS) multilevel structured nanocomposites via one-step hydrothermal route. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and Cd0.5Zn0.5S content on microstructure and properties of composites were assessed. TO/CZS nanocomposites were probed into phase composition, morphological and optical properties with x-ray diffractometer, infrared radiation, scanning electron microscope and UV–vis reflective spectra. Following the hydrothermal reaction at 160 °C for 12 h, TiO2 nanoparticles of 30 nm in diameter were generated in situ on Ti3C2 lamina and Cd0.5Zn0.5S particles were evenly distributed on the Ti3C2 matrix. The photocatalytic activity of TO/CZS composites were evaluated, which found that degradation rate constant (k = 0.028 min−1) of TO/CZS-40 on Rhodamine B was 5.19 times that of pure TiO2 and 4.48 times that of Cd0.5Zn0.5S. Through anchoring Ti3C2 as an electron transition mediator and combination with TiO2 and Cd0.5Zn0.5S, the new Z-scheme between TiO2 oxidized by Ti3C2 and Cd0.5Zn0.5S establishes a multilevel structure of separating electron-hole pairs. This work demonstrates a valid way to control electrons and hole transfer directions efficiently through designing multilevel semiconductor structural designs.
Predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with oropharyngeal cancer by using a convolutional neural network with associated epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty
Authors: Dohopolski Michael , Chen Liyuan , Sher David , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There can be significant uncertainty when identifying cervical lymph node (LN) metastases in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) despite the use of modern imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) scans. Grossly involved LNs are readily identifiable during routine imaging, but smaller and less PET-avid LNs are harder to classify. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect malignant LNs in patients with OPSCC and used quantitative measures of uncertainty to identify the most reliable predictions. Our dataset consisted of images of 791 LNs from 129 patients with OPSCC who had preoperative PET/CT imaging and detailed pathological reports after neck dissections. These LNs were segmented on PET/CT imaging and then labeled according to the pathology reports. An AlexNet-like CNN was trained to classify LNs as malignant or benign. We estimated epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty by using dropout variational inference and test-time augmentation, respectively. CNN performance was stratified according to the median epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty values calculated using the validation cohort. Our model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.99 on the testing dataset. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 and 0.90, respectively. Epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty values were statistically larger for false negative and false positive predictions than for true negative and true positive predictions (p < 0.001). Model sensitivity and specificity were 1.0 and 0.98, respectively, for cases with epistemic uncertainty lower than the median value of the incorrect predictions in the validation dataset. For cases with higher epistemic uncertainty, sensitivity and specificity were 0.67 and 0.41, respectively. Model sensitivity and specificity were 1.0 and 0.98, respectively, for cases with aleatoric uncertainty lower than the median value of the incorrect predictions in the validation dataset. For cases with higher aleatoric uncertainty, sensitivity and specificity were 0.67 and 0.37, respectively. We used a CNN to predict the malignant status of LNs in patients with OPSCC with high accuracy, and we showed that uncertainty can be used to quantify a prediction’s reliability. Assigning measures of uncertainty to predictions could improve the accuracy of LN classification by efficiently identifying instances where expert evaluation is needed to corroborate a model’s prediction.
Growth of GaN on monolayer hexagonal boron nitride by chemical vapor deposition for ultraviolet photodetectors
Authors: Zhu Wenhui , Si Jiawei , Zhang Lei , Li Tao , Song Wenqing , Zhou Yuting , Yu Jiahao , Chen Rui , Feng Yexin , Wang Liancheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology is a simple and flexible method used to prepare high-quality crystalline materials. Traditional CVD technology, based on pre-deposited thin catalyst metal, usually produces nanostructures instead of continuous films. In this work, a continuous GaN film on a monolayer boron nitride (h-BN) insertion layer is demonstrated using CVD technology. The experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that abundant GaN nanocrystallites are firstly formed at the edges or grain boundaries of the monolayer h-BN by quasi-van der Waals epitaxy. Then, the vapor-solid mechanism will control further growth of the GaN nanocrystallites, causing them to merge into a continuous GaN film. Meanwhile, the CVD-grown GaN ultraviolet detector exhibits a relatively high responsivity with a value of 0.57 A W−1 at 2 V. In this paper, a simple low-cost CVD method is proposed for preparing continuous films on two-dimensional materials for electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Development of a biomimetic transradial prosthetic arm with shape memory alloy muscle wires
Authors: Bishay Peter L , Fontana Jonathan , Raquipiso Bret , Rodriguez Julian , Borreta M Justin , Enos Bethany , Gay Thomas , Mauricio Kevin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a first concept of a new biomimetic transradial prosthetic arm design, called ‘MataPro-1,’ that features a 3D-printed hand bone structure that mimics the shape of human finger phalanges and palm bones, flexible elastic joints, artificial muscles, and silicone flesh that covers and protects the internal components, provides restoring force, enables better gripping capability, and appears cosmetically realistic. The artificial muscles that actuate MataPro-1 are shape memory alloy (SMA) wires, which ensure effective grip strength for many everyday objects, without causing any noise. In order to avoid the need to cool SMA wires in the small volume of the fingers, the SMA wires are not routed through the finger phalanges. The SMA wires are spooled in the forearm, cooled by a fan only during the finger restoration process, and are connected to steel wires that are routed through the finger phalanges. The finger restoring force provided by the flexible joints and silicone flesh acts as bias force for SMA wires, avoids the need for antagonistic SMA wires, and speeds up the finger restoration process. The control system of MataPro-1 is intuitive and non-invasive achieved by voice recognition phone application, or an EEG headset that monitors brainwaves and facial expressions. MataPro-1 was successful in gripping different objects of various shapes, weights and sizes in multiple different gripping positions.
SE

eking

A

nswe

R

s for

C

are

H

omes during the COVID-19 pandemic (COVID SEARCH)
Authors: Spilsbury Karen , Devi Reena , Griffiths Alys , Akrill Cyd , Astle Anita , Goodman Claire , Gordon Adam , Hanratty Barbara , Hodkinson Peter , Marshall Fiona , Meyer Julienne , Thompson Carl 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The care and support of older people residing in long-term care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic has created new and unanticipated uncertainties for staff. In this short report, we present our analyses of the uncertainties of care home managers and staff expressed in a self-formed closed WhatsApp™ discussion group during the first stages of the pandemic in the UK. We categorised their wide-ranging questions to understand what information would address these uncertainties and provide support. We have been able to demonstrate that almost one-third of these uncertainties could have been tackled immediately through timely, responsive and unambiguous fact-based guidance. The other uncertainties require appraisal, synthesis and summary of existing evidence, commissioning or provision of a sector- informed research agenda for medium to long term. The questions represent wider internationally relevant care home pandemic-related uncertainties.
American Society for Clinical Pathology’s 2019 Wage Survey of Medical Laboratories in the United States
Authors: Garcia Edna , Kundu Iman , Fong Karen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To inform the pathology and laboratory field of the most recent national wage data. Historically, the results of this biennial survey have served as a basis for additional research on laboratory recruitment, retention, education, marketing, certification, and advocacy.

Methods
The 2019 Wage Survey was conducted through collaboration of the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Institute of Science, Technology, and Policy in Washington, DC, and the ASCP Board of Certification in Chicago, Illinois.

Results
Compared with 2017, results show an overall increase in salaries for most laboratory occupations surveyed except cytogenetic technologists, laboratory information systems personnel, and performance improvement or quality assurance personnel. Geographically, laboratory professionals from urban areas earned more than their rural counterparts.

Conclusions
As retirement rates continue to increase, the field needs to intensify its efforts on recruiting the next generation of laboratory personnel. To do so, the report urged the field to highlight advocacy for better salaries for laboratory personnel at the local and national levels when developing recruitment and retention strategies.
Male-to-Female Presumed Transmission of Toxoplasmosis Between Sexual Partners
Authors: Hlaváčová Jana , Flegr Jaroslav , Řežábek Karel , Calda Pavel , Kaňková Šárka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most widespread human parasitoses in developed countries. Sexual transmission has been confirmed in several animal species, and indirect evidence suggests it may occur in humans. We compared the seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii in couples who visited the Center for Assisted Reproduction in Prague from June 2016 to June 2018 and analyzed various risk factors including the serological status of sexual partner. By comparing the risk factors in men and women, we tested the hypothesis of male-to-female sexual transmission of toxoplasmosis. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis in women with infected male partners (25.6%; n = 156) was higher than in women with uninfected male partners (18.2%; n = 477; P = 0.045). Therefore, a partner’s seropositivity seems to be a risk factor for infection in women (n = 593; prevalence ratio = 1.418; P = 0.045) but not in men (n = 573; prevalence ratio = 1.058; P = 0.816). Our results support the hypothesis of the sexual transmission of T. gondii from men to women. The risk may seem relatively low, but transmission can occur during unprotected sexual intercourse, which may be at the time of conception. Because of the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis, a lower risk of infection than that observed in our study can represent a serious health problem.
The Relationship Between Carotid–Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity, Pulse Pressure, and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in the Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Chen Bing-ying , Li Lie-you , Zhou Guo-xiang , Gong Jin , Xie Liang-di 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
To investigate the relationships between pulse pressure, carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in patients with hypertension.

Methods
A total of 469 patients with hypertension and 274 subjects with normal blood pressure were enrolled and subdivided based on their cfPWV (≥ or &lt;10 m/s), CIMT (≥ or &lt;1 mm), and age (≥ or &lt;65 years old). Blood pressure was measured in all subjects and pulse pressure was calculated. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of cfPWV.

Results
cfPWV, pulse pressure, and CIMT in patients with hypertension were higher than those in patients with normal blood pressure (9.56 ± 1.93 vs. 8.46 ± 1.47 m/s, 58.6 ± 13.5 vs. 49.2 ± 10.3 mm Hg, 0.93 ± 0.18 vs. 0.82±0.17 mm, all P &lt; 0.05). In patients with hypertension, pulse pressure and CIMT in the increased cfPWV group were significantly higher than those in the normal cfPWV group (all P &lt; 0.05), and cfPWV and pulse pressure were significantly higher in the elderly than the younger age group (all P &lt; 0.05). Multiple linear regression stepwise analysis showed that pulse pressure, age, heart rate, gender, and fasting blood glucose were the influencing factors of cfPWV in all subjects (all P &lt; 0.05), and stratified analysis showed that pulse pressure was the influencing factor of cfPWV regardless of age and gender. CIMT was an influential factor of cfPWV in the younger age group (&lt;65 years old), but not in elderly patients (≥65 years old).

Conclusions
Pulse pressure is an important influencing factor of cfPWV in patients with hypertension, and CIMT is associated with cfPWV in hypertensive patients less than 65 years old.
A Diverse Physician-Scientist Pipeline to Fight Structural Racism
Authors: Titanji Boghuma K , Swartz Talia H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Translational research plays a pivotal role in leveraging good science to serve humanity. Structural racism and a lack of diversity severely limit our potential as scientists to exert a maximum impact. This moment calls for a renewed commitment to ridding science of racism and bias and promoting diversity, which makes us more effective at innovating and delivering therapeutics to the patients we serve.
The Cambridge economic tradition and the distribution of the social surplus
Authors: Martins Nuno Ornelas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Various research projects in economics developed at Cambridge share common philosophical presuppositions, within what can be termed as the Cambridge economic tradition. I argue here that the Cambridge economic tradition can be distinguished from other traditions in terms of its underlying ontology, methodology and ethics, and also in terms of the way in which those philosophical presuppositions are expressed in competing theoretical approaches to the distribution of the social surplus. I also distinguish between an economic tradition and a school of economics and note that various schools have existed within the Cambridge economic tradition. The various Cambridge schools can themselves be identified in terms of the specific analytical frameworks they adopted when addressing the distribution of the social surplus.
Treatment of heavily calcified coronary artery stenosis using 3.5 mm peripheral intravascular lithotripsy balloon: case series
Authors: Mekala Karthik , Mehta Rajendra H , Joumaa Mouhammed , Yamasaki Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Prevalence of coronary artery calcification is high among patients with advanced age, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes. Percutaneous coronary intervention of heavily calcified coronary artery remains a significant challenge for interventional cardiologists. Although there are several modalities available in treating calcified coronary arteries, lesion preparation of certain heavily calcified vessels remains inadequate prior to stent deployment and/or often associated with worse periprocedural adverse outcomes.

Case summary
We report feasibility and safety of 3.5 mm peripheral intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) for the treatment of severely calcified coronary stenosis in two patients after orbital atherectomy failed to debulk calcified plaque to enable stent deployment.

Discussion
Intravascular lithotripsy has recently emerged as a therapeutic option in treating calcified peripheral artery disease. However, coronary IVL is currently available only in a few centres in the USA. Studies are ongoing in the safety and efficacy of this technology in treating coronaries.
CDR132L improves systolic and diastolic function in a large animal model of chronic heart failure
Authors: Batkai Sandor , Genschel Celina , Viereck Janika , Rump Steffen , Bär Christian , Borchert Tobias , Traxler Denise , Riesenhuber Martin , Spannbauer Andreas , Lukovic Dominika , Zlabinger Katrin , Hašimbegović Ena , Winkler Johannes , Garamvölgyi Rita , Neitzel Sonja , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Thum Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac miR-132 activation leads to adverse remodelling and pathological hypertrophy. CDR132L is a synthetic lead-optimized oligonucleotide inhibitor with proven preclinical efficacy and safety in heart failure (HF) early after myocardial infarction (MI), and recently completed clinical evaluation in a Phase 1b study (NCT04045405). The aim of the current study was to assess safety and efficacy of CDR132L in a clinically relevant large animal (pig) model of chronic heart failure following MI.

Methods and results
In a chronic model of post-MI HF, slow-growing pigs underwent 90 min left anterior descending artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Animals were randomized and treatment started 1-month post-MI. Monthly intravenous (IV) treatments of CDR132L over 3 or 5 months (3× or 5×) were applied in a blinded randomized placebo-controlled fashion. Efficacy was evaluated based on serial magnetic resonance imaging, haemodynamic, and biomarker analyses. The treatment regime provided sufficient tissue exposure and CDR132L was well tolerated. Overall, CDR132L treatment significantly improved cardiac function and reversed cardiac remodelling. In addition to the systolic recovery, diastolic function was also ameliorated in this chronic model of HF.

Conclusion
Monthly repeated dosing of CDR132L is safe and adequate to provide clinically relevant exposure and therapeutic efficacy in a model of chronic post-MI HF. CDR132L thus should be explored as treatment for the broad area of chronic heart failure.