bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between acute glucose control and peripheral nerve structure and function in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Issar T. , Tummanapalli S. S. , Kwai N. C. G. , Chiang J. C. B. , Arnold R. , Poynten A. M. , Markoulli M. , Krishnan A. V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the associations between continuous overlapping net glycaemic action (CONGA), percentage time in hyperglycaemia (%HG) or normoglycaemia (%NG) and peripheral nerve structure and function in type 1 diabetes.MethodsTwenty‐seven participants with type 1 diabetes underwent continuous glucose monitoring followed by corneal confocal microscopy and nerve excitability assessments. CONGA, %HG (> 10.0 mmol/l) and %NG (3.9–10.0 mmol/l) were correlated against corneal nerve fibre length and density in the central cornea and inferior whorl region, corneal microneuromas, and a nerve excitability score while controlling for age, sex, diabetes duration and HbA1c.ResultsAn increase in CONGA [median 2.5 (2.0–3.1) mmol/l] or %HG (mean 46 ± 18%) was associated with a worse nerve excitability score (r = –0.433, P = 0.036 and r = –0.670, P = 0.0012, respectively). By contrast, greater %NG (51 ± 17%) correlated with better nerve excitability scores (r = 0.672, P = 0.0011). Logistic regression revealed that increasing %HG increased the likelihood of abnormal nerve function [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.23; P = 0.037). An increase in CONGA and %HG were associated with worsening nerve conduction measures, whereas longer %NG correlated with improved nerve conduction variables. CONGA and %HG were associated with inferior whorl corneal nerve fibre length (r = 0.483, P = 0.034 and r = 0.591, P = 0.021, respectively) and number of microneuromas (r = 0.433, P = 0.047 and r = 0.516, P = 0.020, respectively).ConclusionsShort‐term measures of glucose control are associated with impaired nerve function and alterations in corneal nerve morphology.
Building a cognizant honeypot for detecting active fingerprinting attacks using dynamic fuzzy rule interpolation
Authors: Naik Nitin , Shang Changjing , Jenkins Paul , Shen Qiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDynamic fuzzy rule interpolation (D‐FRI) technique delivers a dynamic rule base through the utilisation of fuzzy rule interpolation to infer more accurate results for a given application problem. D‐FRI offered dynamic rule base is very useful in security areas where network conditions are always volatile and require the most updated rule base. A honeypot is a vital part of any security infrastructure for directly investigating attacks and attackers in real‐time to strengthen the overall security of the network. However, a honeypot as a concealed system can only function successfully while its identity is not revealed to any attackers. Attackers always attempt to uncover such honeypots for avoiding any trap and strengthening their attacks. Active fingerprinting attack is used to detect these honeypots by injecting purposefully designed traffic to a network. Such an attack can be prevented by controlling the traffic but this will make honeypot unusable system if its interaction with the outside world is limited. Alternatively, it is practically more useful if this fingerprinting attack is detected in real‐time to manage its immediate consequences and preventing the honeypot. This article offers an approach to building a cognizant honeypot for detecting active fingerprinting attacks through the utilisation of the established D‐FRI technique. It is based on the use of just a sparse rule base while remaining capable of detecting active fingerprinting attacks when the system does not find any matching rules. Also, it learns from current network conditions and offers a dynamic rule base to facilitate more accurate and efficient detection.
Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated colitis and its mimics
Authors: Cassol Clarissa A , Owen Dwight , Kendra Kari , Braga Juarez R , Frankel Wendy L , Arnold Christina A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the treatment of advanced malignancies by boosting immune‐mediated destruction of neoplastic cells, but are associated with side effects stemming from generalised immune system activation against normal tissues. Checkpoint ligand expression in non‐tumoral cells of tissues affected by immune‐related adverse effects has been described in ICI‐associated hypophysitis, myocarditis, and acute interstitial nephritis. We aimed to investigate the tissue expression of the immune checkpoint receptor programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) and its ligand, programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), in PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated colitis (PD1i colitis).Methods and resultsPD‐1 and PD‐L1 immunohistochemical expression levels were analysed in 15 cases of PD1i colitis and potential mimics—infectious colitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Increased epithelial expression of PD‐L1 was observed in PD1i colitis as compared with normal colon and infectious colitis, but the expression level was lower than that in IBD. Conversely, PD‐1 expression in inflammatory cells was higher in infectious colitis, intermediate in IBD, and minimal or absent in normal colon and in patients receiving PD‐1 inhibitors.ConclusionsAlthough our results do not justify the use of PD‐L1 as a discriminatory marker of PD1i colitis against other entities within the differential diagnosis, they support the concept that PD1i colitis and IBD have similar pathogenetic mechanisms. They also highlight the fact that PD‐L1 epithelial overexpression is a commonly used mechanism of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa to protect itself from inflammatory‐mediated damage resulting from different aetiologies, which probably underpins the high incidence of gastrointestinal immune‐related adverse effects in patients receiving ICI therapies, in whom this mechanism is disrupted.
Effect of surface cleaning prior to chemical strengthening process of glass
Authors: Atılgan Semin , Özben Nahide , Sökmen İlkay , Wondraczek Lothar , Akman Suleyman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work focuses on the effect of surface cleaning treatments of soda‐lime‐silicate float glasses before chemical strengthening where a compressive stress layer is introduced via ion exchange. As‐received and cleaned glass surfaces were subjected to two different treatments using demineralized water and acidic solutions were subjected to ion exchange in a molten KNO3 bath for 8 hours at 450°C. Precleaning treatment leads to a relative enhancement of the potassium surface concentration following chemical strengthening as compared to the uncleaned samples, also reflecting in altered surface stress profiles and case depth. These observations provide guidance for optimal pretreatment conditions of glass for chemical strengthening. Appropriate cleaning treatments can result in higher achievable fracture loads of subsequently chemically tempered glasses in ring‐on‐ring biaxial bending tests.
The value of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in diagnosing and localising deep sternal wound infection to guide surgical debridement
Authors: Liu Siwei , Zhang Jie , Yin Hongyan , Pang Lifang , Wu Bing , Shi Hongcheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a severe complication in patients after open heart surgery (OHS). But there is a lack of appropriate imaging tool to detect the infection sites, which may lead to incomplete debridement. The present study aims to investigate the value of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) in comparison with CT scan in diagnosing and localising DSWI. A total of 102 patients with DSWI after OHS were retrospectively collected from January 2012 to December 2017 in our hospital. All the patients had surgical debridements for DSWI with pretreatment imaging of either 18F‐FDG PET/CT or CT scan. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of localising infection sites were compared between PET/CT and CT groups, with surgical, microbiological, and histopathological findings as the gold standard. The length of hospital stays and the rate of recurrence were also compared. Ten patients in the PET/CT group had a follow‐up PET/CT scan after debridement, and the correlations between the changes of PET/CT findings and surgical outcomes were analysed. 18F‐FDG PET/CT is more accurate than CT in diagnosing and localising DSWI after OHS, which leads to a more successful surgical debridement with a lower rate of recurrence and a shorter length of hospital stay. In addition, follow‐up PET/CT after debridement could evaluate the treatment effect.
Down‐regulated lncRNA SBF2‐AS1 in M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes elevates miR‐122‐5p to restrict XIAP, thereby limiting pancreatic cancer development
Authors: Yin Zi , Zhou Yu , Ma Tingting , Chen Sheng , Shi Ning , Zou Yiping , Hou Baohua , Zhang Chuanzhao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEvidence has indicated that M2 macrophages promote the progression of cancers, but few focus on the ability of M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes in pancreatic cancer (PC). This study aims to explore how M2 macrophages affect malignant phenotypes of PC through regulating long non‐coding RNA SET‐binding factor 2 antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA SBF2‐AS1)/microRNA‐122‐5p (miR‐122‐5p)/X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) axis. THP‐1 cells were transformed into M1 macrophages by lipopolysaccharide and interferon‐γ treatment, and into M2 macrophages after interleukin‐4 treatment. The PANC‐1 PC cell line with the largest lncRNA SBF2‐AS1 expression was selected, and M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes were isolated and identified. A number of assays were applied for the examination of lncRNA SBF2‐AS1 expression, PC cell biological functions and subcellular localization of lncRNA SBF2‐AS1. XIAP expression was detected, along with the interaction among lncRNA SBF2‐AS1, miR‐122‐5p and XIAP. M2 macrophage exosomal lncRNA SBF2‐AS1 expression's effects on the tumorigenic ability of PANC‐1 cells in nude mice were also investigated. M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes promoted progression of PC cells. Overexpressed lncRNA SBF2‐AS1 promoted progression of PC cells. LncRNA SBF2‐AS1 was found to act as a competing endogenous RNA to repress miR‐122‐5p and up‐regulate XIAP. Constrained lncRNA SBF2‐AS1 in M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes contributed to restraining tumorigenic ability of PC cells. Collectively, our study reveals that constrained lncRNA SBF2‐AS1 in M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes increases miR‐122‐5p expression to restrain XIAP expression, which further inhibits PC progression.
Cold intolerance and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury in upper extremity
Authors: Magistroni Ernesta , Parodi Giulia , Fop Fabrizio , Battiston Bruno , Dahlin Lars B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCold intolerance and pain can be a substantial problem in patients with peripheral nerve injury. We aimed at investigating the relationships among sensory recovery, cold intolerance, and neuropathic pain in patients affected by upper limb peripheral nerve injury (Sunderland type V) treated with microsurgical repair, followed by early sensory re‐education. In a cross‐sectional clinical study, 100 patients (male/female 81/19; age 40.5 ± 14.8 years and follow‐up 17 ± 5 months, mean ± SD), with microsurgical nerve repair and reconstruction in the upper extremity and subsequent early sensory re‐education, were evaluated, using Cold Intolerance Symptoms Severity questionnaire‐Italian version (CISS‐it, cut‐off pathology >30/100 points), CISS questionnaire‐12 item version (CISS‐12, 0‐46 points‐grouping: healthy that means no cold intolerance [0‐14], mild [15‐24], moderate [25‐34], severe [35‐42], very severe [43‐46] cold intolerance), probability of neuropathic pain (DouleurNeuropathique‐4; [DN4] 4/10), deep and superficial sensibility, tactile threshold (monofilaments), and two‐point discrimination (cutoff S2; Medical Research Council scale for sensory function; [MRC‐scale]). A high CISS score is associated with possible neuropathic pain (DN4 ≥ 4). Both a low CISS‐it score (ie, < 30) and DN4 < 4 is associated with good sensory recovery (MRC ≥ 2). In conclusion patients affected by upper limb peripheral nerve injuries with higher CISS scores more often suffer from cold intolerance and neuropathic pain, and the better their sensory recovery is, the less likely they are to suffer from cold intolerance and neuropathic pain.
Dynamic tongue area measurements in ultrasound images for adults with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Manlises Cyrel Ontimare , Chen Jeng‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Chung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea is a chronic breathing disorder where the recursive collapse of the upper airway causes cessation of airflow during sleep. Quantitative assessments of dynamic tongue motion may provide a better understanding of the mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea. Tongue area changes, in submental ultrasound images recorded during wakefulness from normal breathing by the Müller manoeuvre, were tracked using the modified optical flow‐based method. The results demonstrated that patients with obstructive sleep apnea had a larger mid‐sagittal tongue area compared to the control group (during normal breathing, p = .004, during the Müller manoeuvre p = .005, and differences between normal breathing and the Müller manoeuvre, p = .01). Tongue area measurements were significantly different in patients with varying severity of OSA during normal breathing and during the Müller manoeuvre, and had differences between normal breathing and the Müller manoeuvre (p = .005, p = .008 and p = .03, respectively). Patients with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea exhibited minimal movement of the tongue. In contrast, normal controls and patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea demonstrated bidirectional tongue motions during a transition from normal breathing to the Müller manoeuvre in wakefulness. Identifying different patterns of deformation and displacement of the tongue may have potential in evaluating the presence and the pathogenesis of OSA.
Meteorite transport—Revisited II
Authors: Wisdom Jack 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Wisdom (2017), I presented new simulations of meteorite transport from the chaotic zones associated with major resonances in the asteroid belt: the ν6 secular resonance, the 3:1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter, and the 5:2 mean motion resonance with Jupiter. I found that the observed afternoon excess (the fact that approximately twice as many meteorites fall in the afternoon as in the morning) of the ordinary chondrites is consistent with chaotic transport from the 3:1 resonance, contradicting prior reports. Here I report an additional study of the transport of meteorites from ν6 secular resonance and the 3:1 mean motion resonance. I use an improved integration algorithm, and study the evolution of more particles. I confirm that the afternoon excess of the ordinary chondrites is consistent with transport from the 3:1 resonance.
Transcriptome analysis and functional validation reveal a novel gene, BcCGF1, that enhances fungal virulence by promoting infection‐related development and host penetration
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Zhe , Sun Chen‐Hao , Liu Yue , Feng Hui‐Qiang , Chang Hao‐Wu , Cao Sheng‐Nan , Li Gui‐Hua , Yang Song , Hou Jie , Zhu‐Salzman Keyan , Zhang Hao , Qin Qing‐Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSimultaneous transcriptome analyses of both host plants and pathogens, and functional validation of the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) allow us to better understand the mechanisms underlying their interactions. Here, we analyse the mixed transcriptome derived from Botrytis cinerea (the causal agent of grey mould) infected tomato leaves at 24 hr after inoculation, a critical time point at which the pathogen has penetrated and developed in the leaf epidermis, whereas necrotic symptoms have not yet appeared. Our analyses identified a complex network of genes involved in the tomato–B. cinerea interaction. The expression of fungal transcripts encoding candidate effectors, enzymes for secondary metabolite biosynthesis, hormone and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and autophagy‐related proteins was up‐regulated, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the initial infection processes. Specifically, tomato genes involved in phytoalexin production, stress responses, ATP‐binding cassette transporters, pathogenesis‐related proteins, and WRKY DNA‐binding transcription factors were up‐regulated. We functionally investigated several B. cinerea DEGs via gene replacement and pathogenicity assays, and demonstrated that BcCGF1 was a novel virulence‐associated factor that mediates fungal development and virulence via regulation of conidial germination, conidiation, infection structure formation, host penetration, and stress adaptation. The fungal infection‐related development was controlled by BcCGF‐mediated ROS production and exogenous cAMP restored the mutant infection‐related development. Our findings provide new insights into the elucidation of the simultaneous tactics of pathogen attack and host defence. Our systematic elucidation of BcCGF1 in mediating fungal pathogenesis may open up new targets for fungal disease control.
Delayed attendance at routine eye examinations is associated with increased probability of general practitioner referral: a record linkage study in Northern Ireland
Authors: Wright David M , O'Reilly Dermot , Azuara‐Blanco Augusto , Curran Raymond , McMullan Margaret , Hogg Ruth E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate relationships between health and socio‐economic status with delayed attendance at routine eye examinations and risk of subsequent general practitioner (GP) referral in Northern Ireland.MethodsWe constructed a cohort of 132 046 community dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years, drawing contextual information from the 2011 Northern Ireland Census. Using linked administrative records of routine eye examinations between 2009 and 2014, we calculated 311 999 examination intervals. Multinomial models were used to estimate associations between contextual factors and examination interval (classified into three groups: early recall, on‐time, delayed attendance). Associations between examination interval and referral risk were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsDelayed attendance was recorded for 129 857 (41.6%) examination intervals, 53 759 (17.2%) delayed by ≥6 months. Female sex, poor general or mental health were each associated with delay, as were longer distances to optometry services among those aged ≥70 years (longest vs shortest: Relative Risk Ratio = 1.21 [1.14, 1.28]). Low income and residence in social housing were associated with reduced delay risk. There were 3347 (3.5%) and 11 401 (5.3%) GP referrals in the 60–69 and ≥70 years age groups respectively. Delayed attendance was associated with increased referral risk in both groups (Odds Ratios: 60–69 years = 1.30 [1.04, 1.61]; ≥70 years = 1.07 [1.01, 1.13]).ConclusionsPoor health and longer distances to optometry services were associated with delayed attendance at routine eye examinations but low income was not. Delayed attendance was associated with increased GP referral risk, indicative of missed opportunities to detect potentially serious eye conditions.
Sedimentary facies, fossil distribution and depositional setting of the late Ediacaran Tamengo Formation (Brazil)
Authors: Amorim Kamilla Borges , Afonso Jhon Willy Lopes , Leme Juliana de Moraes , Diniz Cleber Quidute Clemente , Rivera Laura Carolina Montenegro , Gómez‐Gutiérrez Juan Camilo , Boggiani Paulo César , Trindade Ricardo Ivan Ferreira 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMixed carbonate–siliciclastic deposits of the Tamengo Formation (terminal Ediacaran), record the rise of calcifying metazoans and the origin of exoskeletons in animals. To explore the relationships between environmental setting and the first appearance of calcified metazoans and their ecology, this study presents detailed sedimentological and stratigraphic data of eight sections that capture the final stages of the Ediacaran (550 to 543 Ma). This study combines stratigraphic characterization with detailed facies descriptions and evaluates lateral heterogeneity and overall ramp sedimentation integrated with fossil distribution. The Tamengo Formation represents a storm‐dominated ramp. The outer to mid‐ramp is composed of very fine‐grained siliciclastic rocks containing Corumbella body fossils and thin‐bedded mudstone/wackestone containing Cloudina. The mid‐inner ramp is dominated by wackestone/packstone with abundant Cloudina skeletal debris and ooid packstone/grainstone shoal deposits. Locally, fragments of Corumbella and Cloudina are found on the same horizon, which is a result of their high accumulation rate, resulting from the reworking and mixing of epifaunal organisms. In spite of taphonomic biases, the general distribution of Corumbella and Cloudina across the unit suggests that these organisms have been transported across ramp and/or probably show a differential response of fauna preservation. When compared to other occurrences worldwide, this dataset indicates an already complex ecosystem in the Ediacaran, where these early animals were capable of adapting to specific environmental niches.
Bayesian variable selection for multioutcome models through shared shrinkage
Authors: Kundu Debamita , Mitra Riten , Gaskins Jeremy T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVariable selection over a potentially large set of covariates in a linear model is quite popular. In the Bayesian context, common prior choices can lead to a posterior expectation of the regression coefficients that is a sparse (or nearly sparse) vector with a few nonzero components, those covariates that are most important. This article extends the “global‐local” shrinkage idea to a scenario where one wishes to model multiple response variables simultaneously. Here, we have developed a variable selection method for a K‐outcome model (multivariate regression) that identifies the most important covariates across all outcomes. The prior for all regression coefficients is a mean zero normal with coefficient‐specific variance term that consists of a predictor‐specific factor (shared local shrinkage parameter) and a model‐specific factor (global shrinkage term) that differs in each model. The performance of our modeling approach is evaluated through simulation studies and a data example.
Solid organ donation after death from listeria encephalitis: A case report
Authors: Douchy Thomas , Lagrou Katrien , Jochmans Ina , Sainz Barriga Mauricio , Monbaliu Diethard , Pirenne Jacques , Debaveye Yves 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite organ shortage, organs from donors with listeria infections have been discarded for transplantation. We present the first‐reported case of liver transplantation following listeria encephalitis. The patient was admitted with progressing neurological symptoms after an episode of gastroenteritis. Rhombo‐encephalitis was diagnosed, and Listeria monocytogenes was found to be the causative pathogen. Despite proper antibiotic treatment and rapid clearance of bacteremia, he continued to deteriorate and became brain dead, after which organ donation was performed. At procurement, he had been treated with amoxicillin for 9 days. The recipient was treated with pipercillin/tazobactam for 21 days. Besides an anastomotic biliary stricture, necessitating endoscopic dilatation and stenting, further clinical course was uneventful and she is doing well eleven months post‐transplant. Our case suggests that listeria encephalitis is not an absolute contra‐indication to solid organ donation. We suggest that donors should be treated with adequate antibiotics for at least 48h prior to procurement and advocate confirmation of sterile blood cultures as a prerequisite for donation. According to listeriosis guidelines, we suggest that the recipient should be treated with targeted antibiotics for at least 2 weeks. The risk of transmission should, however, always be balanced carefully against the suspected waiting list mortality.