bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evening circadian preference is associated with sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Becker Stephen P. , Kapadia Delna K. , Fershtman Chaya E. M. , Sciberras Emma 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdolescence is a developmental period characterized by disruptions in sleep and changes in circadian preferences. Although adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at even higher risk of sleep disruption than their peers, no study has examined whether circadian preference is associated with sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with ADHD. This study provides an initial test of the hypothesis that greater evening preference would be associated with more sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Participants were 80 adolescents (69% male), aged 13–17 years, with ADHD. Adolescents completed measures assessing circadian preference, pubertal development, anxiety/depressive symptoms and weeknight sleep duration. Both adolescents and parents completed measures of sleep problems and daytime sleepiness. In regression analyses controlling for a number of other variables (i.e., age, sex, pubertal development, ADHD medication use, and ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder and internalizing symptom severity), greater evening preference was associated with both adolescent‐ and parent‐reported sleep problems and daytime sleepiness. Greater evening preference remained significantly associated with each of these sleep problems and daytime sleepiness when also controlling for weeknight sleep duration. This is the first study to demonstrate that evening circadian preference is associated with both sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with ADHD. The results indicate that it is important to consider circadian function as research examining sleep in adolescents with ADHD continues to advance.
Dietary quercetin improved the growth, antioxidation, and flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Xu Zhen , Li Xiaoqin , Yang Hang , Liang Gaoyang , Gao Bowei , Leng Xiangjun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo investigate the effects of dietary quercetin on growth, antioxidation, and flesh quality of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, six diets were prepared with quercetin inclusion rates of 0 (control diet), 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 g/kg. Grass carp with a body weight of 13.3 ± 0.1 g were fed with one of the six diets for 60 days. The weight gain (WG) showed a quadratic relationship with dietary quercetin levels; the supplementation of 0.4 g/kg quercetin significantly improved WG (+4.73%) and decreased feed conversion ratio (−0.06) (p < .05) when compared to those of the control group. The intestinal fat ratio was reduced by the addition of 0.2 or 0.4 g/kg of quercetin (p < .05), and serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase were increased by the addition of 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg of quercetin (p < .05). The inclusion of 0.2–0.6 g/kg of quercetin increased the contents of delicious amino acids and decreased the cooking loss of flesh (p < .05). Flesh collagen content was increased by the addition of 0.4–0.8 g/kg of quercetin (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary quercetin could improve the growth and enhance the antioxidation and flesh quality of grass carp, with the recommended supplemental level of quercetin was 0.37 g/kg.
Rethinking Epistemic Relativism
Authors: Ashton Natalie Alana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract“Relativism” is often treated as a dirty word in philosophy, but relativistic theories are not entirely unappealing—they have features that might be tempting if they weren't thought to be outweighed by problematic consequences. The aim of this paper is to rethink both our attitude to epistemic relativism and the basic features of the view itself. The paper discusses four objections and uses them to isolate five constraints on a more plausible epistemic relativism. It then sketches out a view that meets all of these constraints. This stratified epistemic relativism offers a complex, socially informed picture of justification that accounts for the many different kinds of roles that epistemic agents act, and think, in accordance with each day, and can serve as a starting point for constructing a more detailed epistemic relativism, which could secure its appealing benefits without incurring the costs traditionally associated with relativist views.
Airborne medicine: bacterial volatiles and their influence on plant health
Authors: Garbeva Paolina , Weisskopf Laure 
Published: October 2019

SummaryLike most other eukaryotes, plants do not live alone but in close association with a diverse microflora. These plant‐associated microbes contribute to plant health in many different ways, ranging from modulation of hormonal pathways to direct antibiosis of plant pathogens. Over the last 15 yr, the importance of volatile organic compounds as mediators of mutualistic interactions between plant‐associated bacteria and their hosts has become evident. This review summarizes current knowledge concerning bacterial volatile‐mediated plant protection against abiotic and biotic stresses. It then discusses the translational potential of such metabolites or of their emitters for sustainable crop protection, the possible ways to harness this potential, and the major challenges still preventing us from doing so. Finally, the review concludes with highlighting the most pressing scientific gaps that need to be filled in order to enable a better understanding of: the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of bacterial volatiles; the complex regulation of bacterial volatile emission in natural communities; the perception of bacterial volatiles by plants; and the modes of actions of bacterial volatiles on their host.
The use of urinary biomarkers to predict acute kidney injury in children after liver transplant
Authors: Fuhrman Dana Y. , Kellum John A. , Joyce Emily L. , Miyashita Yosuke , Mazariegos George V. , Ganoza Armando , Squires James E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAKI after pediatric liver transplantation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The role of urinary biomarkers for the prediction of AKI in pediatric patients after liver transplantation has not been previously reported. The primary objective of this prospective pilot study was to determine the predictive capabilities of urinary KIM‐1, NGAL, TIMP‐2, and IGFBP7 for diagnosing AKI.MethodsSixteen children undergoing liver transplantation were enrolled in the study over a 19‐month time period. The Kidney Disease Improving Outcomes criteria for urine output and serum creatinine were used to define AKI. Predictive ability was evaluated using the area under the curve obtained by ROC analysis.ResultsAKI occurred in 6 (37.5%) of the patients between 2 and 4 days after transplant. There were no differences in any of the biomarkers prior to transplant. When obtained within 6 hours after transplant, the area under the ROC curve for predicting AKI was 0.758 (95% CI: 0.458‐1.00) for KIM‐1, 0.900 (95% CI: 0.724‐1.00) for NGAL, and 0.933 (95% CI: 0.812‐1.00) for the product of TIMP‐2 and IGFBP7 ([TIMP‐2]·[IGFBP7]).ConclusionsOur results show that both NGAL and [TIMP‐2]·[IGFBP7] provide significant discrimination for AKI risk following liver transplant in children. Larger studies are needed to determine the optimal time point for measuring these biomarkers and to validate our findings.
Blood feast: Exploring the erythrocyte‐feeding behaviour of the myxozoan Sphaerospora molnari
Authors: Korytář Tomáš , Chan Justin T.H. , Vancová Marie , Holzer Astrid S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsAs the most abundant cell population in the blood, erythrocytes represent an attractive source of nutrients and a protective niche to a number of pathogens. Previously, we observed the attachment of the myxozoan parasite Sphaerospora molnari to erythrocytes of its host, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), raising a number of questions about the nature of this interaction.Methods and resultsWe elucidated the impact of S molnari on the number of erythrocytes in healthy and immunocompromised fish, over a period of 6 weeks. While we observed only a mild decrease in RBC numbers in healthy individuals, we witnessed gradual and finally severe haemolytic anaemia in immunosuppressed fish. Accompanying this overt loss was increased erythropoiesis as represented by an increase of erythroblasts in the blood. In vitro, we demonstrated the uptake of host proteins from CFSE‐labelled erythrocytes, ultimately inducing death of host RBCs, likely for nutrient gain of the parasite. Nevertheless, the results do not exclude a possible role of erythrocyte‐derived proteins in immune evasion.ConclusionOverall, the obtained data provide first evidence for the previously unknown appetite of myxozoan parasites for host erythrocytes and create an important framework for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlining this interaction.
The senotherapeutic nicotinamide riboside raises platelet nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels but cannot prevent storage lesion
Authors: Delabie Willem , Maes Wim , Devloo Rosalie , Van den Hauwe Michelle R. , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Compernolle Veerle , Feys Hendrik B. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDSupplementation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) has recently been shown to increase life‐span of cells, tissues, and entire organisms. [Correction added on 13 December 2019, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, “adenine nicotinamide” was revised to “nicotinamide adenine.”] The impact of NR on platelet longevity has not been tested.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA pool‐and‐split design of buffy coat derived platelet concentrates (PCs) was used. One arm was treated with cumulative doses of NR‐triflate, the control arm with sodium triflate. Storage lesion was monitored for 23 days. Platelet metabolic and functional parameters were tested. Clearance of human platelets was measured in a mouse model of transfusion.RESULTSTotal intracellular NAD levels in platelets decreased two‐fold from 4.8 ± 0.5 fmol (mean ± SD, n = 6) to 2.1 ± 1.8 fmol per 103 control cells, but increased almost 10‐fold to 41.5 ± 4.1 fmol per 103 NR treated platelets. This high intracellular NAD level had no significant impact on platelet count, mean platelet volume, swirling, nor on lactate and glucose levels. Platelet aggregation and integrin αIIbβ3 activation declined steadily and comparably in both conditions. GPIbα levels were slightly lower in NR‐treated platelets compared to control, but this was not caused by reduced receptor shedding because glycocalicin increased similarly. Apoptotic markers cytochrome c, Bcl‐xL, cleaved caspase‐3, and Bak were not different throughout storage for both conditions. Platelet survival in a mouse model of transfusion was not different between NR‐treated and control platelets.CONCLUSIONPlatelets carry the cellular machinery to metabolize NR into NAD at rates comparable to other eukaryotic cells. Unlike those cells, platelet life‐span cannot be prolonged using this strategy.
Wnts control membrane potential in mammalian cancer cells
Authors: Ashmore Jonathan , Olsen Hervør , Sørensen Naja , Thrasivoulou Christopher , Ahmed Aamir 
Published: October 2019

Key points
Wnt ligands belonging to both canonical and non‐canonical Wnt pathways regulate membrane potential signifying a very early event in the signal transduction.
Wnts activate K+ currents by elevating intracellular Ca2+ and trigger Ca2+ release from intracellular stores.
Control of potential by Wnt ligands has significant implications for gene transcription and opens up a novel avenue to interfere with this critical pathway.
AbstractThe Wnt signalling network determines gene transcription with free intracellular Ca2+ () and β‐catenin as major intracellular signal transducers. Despite its critical importance during development and disease, many of the basic mechanisms of Wnt signal activation remain unclear. Here we show by single cell recording and simultaneous imaging in mammalian prostate cancer cells that an early step in the signal cascade is direct action on the cell membrane potential. We show that Wnt ligands 5A, 9B and 10B rapidly hyperpolarized the cells by activating K+ current by Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Medium‐throughput multi‐well recordings showed responses to Wnts at concentrations of 2 nm. We identify a putative target for early events as a TRPM channel. Wnts thus act as ligands for ion channel activation in mammalian cells and membrane potential is an early indicator of control of transcription.
Análisis estructural de la fibrina rica en plaquetas y sus aplicaciones en odontología regenerativa
Authors: Gutiérrez Ramírez David Alexander , Hinojosa Sarria Juan Pablo , Restrepo Dorado Ana Isabel , Muñoz Ramírez Ana Luisa , Velarde Trochez Néstor Fabián , Bastidas Daza Francy Ester 
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: La fibrina rica en plaquetas (PRF) es un concentrado plaquetario que se está usando con mayor frecuencia en medicina y odontología. Los resultados clínicos son variables posiblemente porque hay diferentes protocolos de obtención, equipos de centrifugado y técnicas de colocación. El desconocimiento de los aspectos estructurales puede afectar el resultado clínico. Objetivo: Describir las características estructurales de la PRF en las diferentes zonas de la membrana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental in vitro con 15 muestras de sangre periférica tomada de cinco voluntarios adultos, sanos, asistentes a la clínica odontológica de la Universidad Antonio, Popayán. Se hizo hemograma inicial, se recolectó sangre y se centrifugó (10 min x 3000 rpm). Las muestras se analizaron histológicamente y con microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Se describió la estructura de la fibrina, las plaquetas y los leucocitos. Resultados: El promedio de recuento de plaquetas en sangre total fue de 251±31,74 x103 x mm3 y en PRF fue de 832±123,43 x103 x mm3. Macroscópicamente, se identificaron tres zonas del PRF: una superior con pocas plaquetas, una zona leucocitaria (BC) y una zona corpuscular roja. En el análisis de microscopía óptica muestra que en la zona BC hay mayor concentración plaquetaria. El análisis por SEM comprueba que la estructura de la red de fibrina y el contenido celular son diferenciales en cada zona. Conclusión: A partir del conocimiento estructural del PRF se pueden proponer aplicaciones que mejoren el rendimiento del material y por tanto los resultados clínicos.
Accelerating diagnosis for childhood brain tumours: an analysis of the HeadSmart UK population data
Authors: Shanmugavadivel Dhurgshaarna , Liu Jo-Fen , Murphy Laura , Wilne Sophie , Walker David 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundHeadSmart, a public and professional awareness campaign, was launched to enhance awareness of brain tumour symptomatology identified in the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence–accredited guideline. Quality improvement data showed a reduction in diagnostic interval nationally. To reach the government target of 4 weeks, we need to identify subgroups with ongoing delays.MethodsIncident cases of brain tumours (0–18) diagnosed between January 2011 and May 2013 across 18 UK centres were included. Anonymised data including demographics, diagnosis and date of symptom onset/presentation were collected. Key outcome measures, total diagnostic interval (TDI), patient interval (PI) and system interval (SI) were calculated. Subanalysis by age, tumour grade and location was also performed.ResultsYoung children (0–5 years) accounted for 38% of cases, with a peak age at diagnosis of 2 years. Central tumours experienced longest intervals with a median TDI of 10.5 weeks, PI of 3.2 weeks and SI of 2.9 weeks. Craniopharyngioma, low-grade glioma and optic pathway gliomas had the longest TDIs with a median of 15.1, 11.9 and 10.4 weeks, respectively. The greatest proportion of delay was in the SI. The 12–18 age group had a median TDI of 12.1 weeks, compared with 8 weeks for the 5–11 age group and 6 weeks for the 0–5 age group (p<0.001).ConclusionsClear patterns of intervals for different age groups and anatomical locations have been demonstrated. Tailoring education and awareness strategies to ensure earlier diagnosis for central tumours and young people is crucial to minimise brain injury, subsequent disability and late effects of treatment for 70% of survivors.
Stage at diagnosis and survival in patients with cancer and a pre-existing mental illness: a meta-analysis
Authors: Davis Laura E , Bogner Emma , Coburn Natalie G , Hanna Timothy P , Kurdyak Paul , Groome Patti A , Mahar Alyson L 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionIndividuals with a pre-existing mental illness, especially those experiencing reduced social, occupational and functional capacity, are at risk for cancer care disparities. However, uncertainty surrounding the effect of a mental illness on cancer outcomes exists.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies using MEDLINE and PubMed from 1 January 2005 to 1 November 2018. Two reviewers evaluated citations for inclusion. Advanced stage was defined as regional, metastatic or according to a classification system. Cancer survival was defined as time survived from cancer diagnosis. Pooled ORs and HRs were presented. The Newcastle-Ottawa bias risk assessment scale was used. Random-effects models used the Mantel-Haenszel approach and the generic inverse variance method. Heterogeneity assessment was performed using I2.Results2381 citations were identified; 28 studies were included and 24 contributed to the meta-analysis. Many demonstrated methodological flaws, limiting interpretation and contributing to significant heterogeneity. Data source selection, definitions of a mental illness, outcomes and their measurement, and overadjustment for causal pathway variables influenced effect sizes. Pooled analyses suggested individuals with a pre-existing mental disorder have a higher odds of advanced stage cancer at diagnosis and are at risk of worse cancer survival. Individuals with more severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, are at a greater risk for cancer disparities.DiscussionThis review identified critical gaps in research investigating cancer stage at diagnosis and survival for individuals with pre-existing mental illness. High-quality research is necessary to support quality improvement for the care of psychiatric patients and their families during and following a cancer diagnosis.
Multi-choice opinion dynamics model based on Latané theory
Authors: Bańcerowski Przemysław , Malarz Krzysztof 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper Nowak–Szamrej–Latané model is reconsidered. This computerised model of opinion formation bases on Latané theory of social impact. We modify this model to allow for multi (more than two) opinions. With computer simulations we show that in the modified model the signatures of order/disorder phase transition are still observed. The transition may be observed in the average fraction of actors sharing theith opinion, its variation and also average number of clusters of actors with the same opinion and the average size of the largest cluster of actors sharing the same opinion. Also an influence of model control parameters on simulation results is shortly reviewed. For a homogeneous society with identical actors’ supportiveness and persuasiveness the critical social temperatureTCdecreases with an increase of the number of available opinionsKfromTC= 6.1 (K= 2) via 4.7, 4.1 toTC= 3.6 forK= 3, 4, 5, respectively. The social temperature plays a role of a standard Boltzmann distribution parameter containing social impact as the equivalent of energy or one may think about it just as on a noise parameter.Graphical abstract
An improved car-following model considering forecast speed difference with delay time
Authors: Zhang Y. , Xiang Wei , Dong Jun , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2019

It is well known that drivers can adjust their speeds based on forecasted traffic states in driving process, and this forecast behavior affects traffic features. In this paper, an improved car-following model with delay time, by incorporating the behavior of forecast speed difference, is proposed from the full velocity difference model. Its linear steady condition is deduced. Numerical simulations indicate that values of acceleration and deceleration of new model are more reasonable than those of the original model in starting and braking processes, and the kinematic wave speed is proper. Moreover, the behavior of forecast speed difference is found not only to smoothen the traffic fluctuation, but also to reduce the energy consumption in stable and unstable cases.
Design and Implementation of Genetic Fuzzy Controller for Split Air-Conditioner Control Based on Fanger’s PMV Index
Authors: Patil Chandrakant Balkrishna , Mudholkar R. R. 
Published: October 2019

This paper reports the design and implementation of genetically optimized fuzzy logic controller (GAFLC) for split air-conditioner based on the principle of Fanger’s Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index. The proposed control strategy is aimed at improving the indoor thermal environment (ITE) at houses, offices, libraries, hotels, etc. because it plays a vital role in determining the health, physical and mental productivity of the occupants. The GAFLC has been implemented in MATLAB Simulink for computer simulation and also on hardware platform using the commercially available 8-bit ATmega-328 microcontroller through embedded C-coding for real practice. One part of the designed control algorithm examines the values of activity level, clothing insulation, air velocity, and relative humidity and decides the comfort temperature value to be set such that the PMV and PPD indices get satisfied. The other part generates a control signal to the air-conditioner compressor to maintain that temperature. From the simulation results it is seen that the generated comfort temperature values are in the range of 24.4∘– 26.55∘C for various combinations of environmental and personal parameters, which are well above the general temperature set value of 20∘C. This indicates the scope for reducing energy consumption to a greater extent. Also the PMV index lies in the range of [Formula: see text]0.23 to +[Formula: see text]0.36 with untuned fuzzy inference system (FIS), and in the range of [Formula: see text]0.32 to +[Formula: see text]0.14 with genetic algorithm (GA)-tuned FIS, which are acceptable comfort levels that human physiology can endure with more satisfaction. The experimental results show that GAFLC has generated a comfort temperature value for specified input parameters and also maintained the room temperature at that value to keep the thermal ambience more satisfactorily.