bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Functional Properties of Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Addition of Pyrrolidinium‐Based Ionic Liquids with Long Alkyl‐Chains
Authors: Celeste Arcangelo , Silvestri Laura , Agostini Marco , Sadd Matthew , Palumbo Stefano , Panda Jaya Kumar , Matic Aleksandar , Pellegrini Vittorio , Brutti Sergio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThree ionic liquid belonging to the N‐alkyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imides (Pyr1,nTFSI with n=4,5,8) have been added as co‐solvent to two commonly used electrolytes for Li‐ion cells: (a) 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and linear like dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in 1 : 1 v/v and (b) 1 M lithium bis‐(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in EC : DMC 1 : 1 v/v. These electrolyte formulations (classified as P and T series containing LiPF6 or LiTFSI salts, respectively) have been analyzed by comparing ionic conductivities, transport numbers, viscosities, electrochemical stability as well as vibrational properties. In the case of the Pyr1,5TFSI and Pyr1,8TFSI blended formulations, this is the first ever reported detailed study of their functional properties in Li‐ion cells electrolytes. Overall, P‐electrolytes demonstrate enhanced properties compared to the T‐ones. Among the various P electrolytes those containing Pyr1,4TFSI and Pyr1,5TFSI limit the accumulation of irreversible capacity upon cycling with satisfactory performance in lithium cells.
Metronomic chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate for advanced breast cancer: Real‐world data analyses and experience of one center
Authors: Lu Qianyi , Lee Kaping , Xu Fei , Xia Wen , Zheng Qiufan , Hong Ruoxi , Jiang Kuikui , Zhai Qinglian , Li Yuan , Shi Yanxia , Yuan Zhongyu , Wang Shusen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundReal‐world data of the CM regimen [cyclophosphamide (CTX) plus methotrexate (MTX)] in metronomic pattern for advanced breast cancer is limited to small‐sample or retrospective studies. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of CM regimen in treating advanced breast cancer and to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from metronomic CM regimen.MethodsPatients with advanced breast cancer who received the metronomic CM regimen at least once between January 2009 and February 2019 in Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center were included. Clinicopathological characteristics were collected. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were assessed using Kaplan‐Meier estimates. Characteristics between patients with PFS < 6 months and ≥6 months were compared using the Chi‐square test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression model was used to estimate the prognostic factors for PFS and OS.ResultsA total of 186 patients were included. The median age and follow‐up were 49 years and 13.3 months, respectively. Over 50% of the patients were estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor‐positive, and 60.8% had been heavily treated (≥3 lines). The objective response rate was 3.8%, the disease control rate at 12 weeks was 41.4%, and the clinical benefit rate at 24 weeks was 31.2% (58/186). The median PFS was 4.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6‐4.7 months], the median duration of clinical benefit was 9.5 months (95% CI: 8.2‐10.8 months), and the median OS was 26.8 months (95% CI: 20.9‐37.7 months). Multivariate analysis for PFS revealed the CM regimen as maintenance therapy and no liver metastasis as favorable prognostic factors. Furthermore, patients without liver metastasis were more likely to have a PFS over 6 months than those with liver involvement (P = 0.022). Liver, lymph node, and brain metastases were unfavorable prognostic factors for OS. The CM regimen was well‐tolerated without newly reported adverse events.ConclusionsThe CM regimen was effective in selected patients. In clinical practice, it would be better used as maintenance therapy and in patients without liver metastasis. Further follow‐up investigation should be performed to examine its effect when used in combination with other treatments and determine predictive biomarkers.
Bioinspired Design of Positioned Amine Assists Hydrogen Evolution from Neutral Water by Nickel Tripyridine‐Diamine
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Xiaoyu , Ren Gan , Zhang Ping , Wang Ning 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein, a series of molecular nickel tripyridine‐diamine catalysts endowed with different proximal functional groups −NH2 (1), −CH3 (2), and −OCH3 (3) in the second coordination sphere for hydrogen evolution from neutral water are reported. The −NH2 group shows a beneficial effect in the hydrogen evolution reaction. Intramolecular protonation on reductive nickel core assisted by the positioned amine in complex 1 results in a much faster protonation rate than that of 2 and 3, and is responsible for the higher catalytic activity in neutral water.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Cobalt Cooperative Catalysis for the Chemo‐ and Regioselective C−N Bond Formation between Aldehyde and Amines/Amides
Authors: Siddiqui Asher M. , Khalid Anam , Khan Arif , Azad Chandra S. , Samim Mohd. , Khan Imran A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel methodology for the construction of various secondary (4 examples), tertiary amides (31 examples), and imides (16 examples) by a Cobalt(II) catalyzed oxidative amide coupling in aqueous media. The Co(III)‐TMC was reacted with N‐Heteroatom Carbene to form active catalyst Co(II)NHC‐TMC in situ which involves in the coordination with Breslow's intermediate and SET for the activation of aldehyde and amides. The mechanism for activation of amide and amine differs on the basis of SET based nucleophilic addition and ligand exchange respectively. The regeneration of the catalyst was achieved using Fe(III)(EDTA)‐H2O2 as oxidant. The use of Co(II)TMC‐O2 was also found equally efficient in the process. The method is found regioselective for N−H activation in the presence of equally susceptible ortho‐C−H bond activation. And amines were found more susceptible then the corresponding amide for the reaction.
The Formation of Chemical Degraders during the Conservation of a Wooden Tudor Shipwreck
Authors: Aluri Esther Rani , Reynaud Corentin , Bardas Helen , Piva Eleonora , Cibin Giannantonio , Mosselmans J. Frederick W. , Chadwick Alan V. , Schofield Eleanor J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDetermining the nature, evolution, and impact of acid‐generating sulfur deposits in the Mary Rose wooden hull is crucial for protecting Henry VIII's famous warship for generations to come. Here, a comprehensive X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) study sheds vital light on the evolution of complex sulfur‐based compounds lodged in Mary Rose timbers as a function of drying time. Combining insights from infrared spectroscopy correlates the presence of oxidized sulfur species with increased wood degradation via the loss of major wood components (holocellulose). Intriguingly, zinc is found to co‐exist with iron and sulfur in the most degraded wood regions, indicating its potential contributing role to wood degradation. This study provides crucial information on the degradation processes and resulting products within the wood, which can be used to develop remediation strategies to save the Mary Rose.
Space‐time autoregressive estimation and prediction with missing data based on Kalman filtering
Authors: Padilla Leonardo , Lagos‐Álvarez Bernado , Mateu Jorge , Porcu Emilio 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWe propose a Kalman filter algorithm to provide a formal statistical analysis of space‐time data with an autoregressive structure in time. The Kalman filter technique allows to capture the temporal dependence as well as the spatial correlation structure through state‐space equations, and it is aimed to perform statistical inference in terms of parameter estimation and prediction at unobserved locations. We thus develop space‐time estimation and prediction methods in the presence of missing data, through the Kalman filter, in order to obtain accurate estimates of model parameters and reliable space‐time predictions. Our findings are illustrated through an application on daily air temperatures in some regions of southern Chile, where the dataset shows a number of missing data in many locations.
Synthesis and laboratory evaluation ofiso‐tridecyloxypolyethylene glycol acrylate copolymers as potential viscosity reducers for heavy oil
Authors: Zhang Fusheng , Lei Qun , Liu Guoliang , Liao Gongqing , Xu Xiaofang , Meng Weidong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs driven by the increase in global fuel demand and decrease in worldwide reserves of conventional oil, it is important to develop new production technologies for heavy oil. In this work, copolymers PAAI7, PAAI10, and PAAI15were synthesized and evaluated as potential viscosity reducers for heavy oil.iso‐Tridecyloxypolyethylene glycol acrylates (I13CxAA, x = 7, 10, 15), acrylic amide (AM), and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were polymerized to give the copolymers PAAIx, respectively. Copolymers PAAIxwere characterized by FTIR,1H NMR spectroscopy, and TGA and showed good thermal stabilities as the decomposition temperature was above 350°C. Their viscosity‐average molecular weights were measured as in the range between 6.53 × 106and 10.58 × 106 g/mol. The effects of temperature, shear rate, and salinity on the viscosity of polymer solutions were studied, and PAAIxhad reasonable rheological properties. The solutions of PAAIxin formation water could emulsify heavy oil sample to form oil‐in‐water emulsion when mass ratio of oil:water was in the range of 6:4‐2:8, respectively. The rates of reduction in viscosity of emulsions compared with that of original oil sample were 53.5%‐97.5% at 50°C under shear rate of 20 s−1. The effects of oil:water ratio, emulsifying temperature, and shear rate on the viscosities of emulsions were extensively studied, and the effect of the polymer structure on the emulsification and viscosity reduction of heavy oil was also discussed. Among three copolymers, PAAI15formed the most stable emulsion with heavy oil and the emulsion had the lowest viscosity. PAAI15had the potential for further study.
Functional properties and antioxidant activity of gelatine and hydrolysate from deer antler base
Authors: Liu Chang , Xia Yunshi , Hua Mei , Li Zhiman , Zhang Lei , Li Shanshan , Gong Ruize , Liu Songxin , Wang Zeshuai , Sun Yinshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGelatine was extracted from deer antler base by the hot water method and hydrolyzed with trypsin. A comparison of the properties of gelatine before and after enzymatic hydrolysis showed a decline in the surface hydrophobicity, enhanced thermal stability, broadening of the particle size distribution, a zeta potential shift to a lower pH, reduced foaming and emulsifying properties, and enhanced antioxidant activity. Hydrolysis increased the gelatine antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP assays. These results indicate that the functional properties of deer antler base gelatine may be affected by trypsin modification.
Early parental death and psychosocial risk factors for dementia: A case–control study in Europe
Authors: Conde‐Sala Josep L. , Garre‐Olmo Josep 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the association between early parental death and the risk of dementia in adult life and to examine the risk factors associated with early parental death in people with and without dementia.Methods/designA population‐based case–control study of a sample of 65 997 participants from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe study. Early parental death was operationalized as parental death at the age of ≤16 years. Main analyses were conducted using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) for dementia in individuals who experienced early parental death (father or mother) at the age of ≤16 years was 1.83 (95%CI 1.61‐2.09) and 1.54 (95%CI 1.35‐1.76) adjusted for age, gender and education. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis carried out with the whole sample, early parental death increased the risk of dementia (OR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.31‐1.72), along with older age (OR = 5.92, 95%CI 4.86‐7.17), neuroticism (OR = 2.94, 95%CI 2.61‐3.31), low education level (OR = 1.84, 95%CI 1.64‐2.05) and low income (OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.34‐1.67).DiscussionEarly parental death (≤16 years) was associated with an increased risk of dementia. We discuss the neurobiological markers associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and dementia as well as interventions to counteract the negative health effects on adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:‐, 2020.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms as a distinguishing factor between memory diagnoses
Authors: Rouse Hillary J. , Small Brent J. , Schinka John A. , Hazlett Abigail M. , Loewenstein David A. , Duara Ranjan , Potter Huntington 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo determine whether neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are able to differentiate those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia from persons who are cognitively healthy.MethodsMultinomial and binary logistic regressions were used to assess secondary data of a sample (n = 613) of older adults with NPS. Analyses evaluated the ability to differentiate between diagnoses, as well as the influence of these symptoms for individuals with amnestic MCI (MCI‐A), non‐amnestic MCI (MCI‐NA), and dementia compared with those who are cognitively healthy.ResultsPersons with MCI were more likely to have anxiety, apathy, and appetite changes compared with cognitively healthy individuals. Persons with dementia were more likely to have aberrant motor behaviors, anxiety, apathy, appetite changes, and delusions compared with those who were cognitively healthy. Individuals with any type of cognitive impairment were more likely to have anxiety, apathy, appetite changes, and delusions. Specifically, anxiety, apathy, appetite changes, and disinhibition were predictors of MCI‐A; agitation and apathy were predictors of MCI‐NA; and aberrant motor behaviors, anxiety, apathy, appetite changes, and delusions were predictors of dementia. Finally, nighttime behavior disorders were less likely in individuals with dementia.ConclusionsThe present study's results demonstrate that specific NPS are differentially represented among types of cognitive impairment and establish the predictive value for one of these cognitive impairment diagnoses.
Essentialist beliefs affect children's outgroup empathy, attitudes and prosocial behaviours in a setting of intergroup conflict
Authors: O'Driscoll Dean , Taylor Laura K. , Dautel Jocelyn B. 
Published: May 2020

Empathy for salient outgroups can promote positive intergroup attitudes and prosocial behaviours. Less is known about which factors may promote empathy, particularly among children, in contexts of intergroup conflict. Empathy may depend on underlying cognitions, such as social essentialist beliefs, that is, believing that certain social categories have an underlying essence that causes members to share observable and non‐observable properties. This study explored the influence of essentialist beliefs about ethno‐religious categories on outgroup‐directed empathy, attitudes and prosocial behaviours of children living in Northern Ireland (N = 88; M = 7.09, SD = 1.47 years old). Bootstrapped chain mediation found that lower essentialist beliefs predicted greater outgroup‐directed empathy, which was positively related to outgroup attitudes, which in turn, predicted more outgroup prosocial behaviours. The findings highlight the importance of essentialist beliefs as an underlying factor promoting empathy, with links to prosocial behaviours in settings of intergroup conflict. The intervention implications are discussed.
Generation of cell-derived matrices that support human NK cell migration and differentiation
Authors: Lee Barclay J , Hegewisch Solloa Everardo , Shannon Michael J , Mace Emily M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Human NK cells are effectors of the innate immune system that originate from hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow. While stromal cell lines that support NK cell development from hematopoietic precursors are often used to generate mature NK cells from lymphoid precursors in vitro, the nature of contributing factors of these stromal cells to the generation of functionally mature NK cells has been poorly described. Previous studies have shown that developing NK cells adhere to, and migrate on, developmentally supportive stroma. Here, we describe the generation of cell-derived matrices (CDMs) from a commonly used murine fetal liver stromal cell line. These CDMs are derived directly from the same EL08.1D2 stromal cell line known to support NK cell differentiation and contain ECM structural components fibronectin and collagen. We demonstrate that CDMs support NK cell adhesion and migration with similar properties as intact cells. Further, we show that CDMs support NK cell maturation from lymphoid precursors in vitro, albeit with reduced cell survival compared to intact cell-based differentiation. Together, these results describe a cell-free system that supports NK cell development and that can serve as a useful model for studying the nature of the biochemical interactions between NK cell developmental intermediates and developmentally supportive substrates.
Induction of mucosal immunity against pathogens by using recombinant baculoviral vectors: Mechanisms, advantages, and limitations
Authors: Fragoso-Saavedra Mario , Vega-López Marco A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver 90% of pathogens of medical importance invade the organism through mucosal surfaces, which makes it urgent to develop safe and effective mucosal vaccines and mucosal immunization protocols. Besides, parenteral immunization does not provide adequate protective immunity in mucosal surfaces. Effective mucosal vaccination could protect local and systemic compartments and favor herd immunity. Although various mucosal adjuvants and Ag-delivery systems have been developed, none has filled the gap to control diseases caused by complex mucosal pathogens. Among the strategies to counteract them, recombinant virions from the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (rAcMNPV) are useful vectors, given their safety and efficacy to produce mucosal and systemic immunity in animal infection models. Here, we review the immunogenic properties of rAcMNPV virions from the perspectives of mucosal immunology and vaccinology. Some features, which are analyzed and extrapolated from studies with different particulate antigens, include size, shape, surface molecule organization, and danger signals, all needed to break the tolerogenic responses of the mucosal immune tissues. Also, we present a condensed discussion on the immunity provided by rAcMNPV virions against influenza virus and human papillomavirus in animal models. Through the text, we highlight the advantages and limitations of this experimental immunization platform.
Gingival phenotype modification therapies on natural teeth: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Barootchi Shayan , Tavelli Lorenzo , Zucchelli Giovanni , Giannobile William V. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe periodontal phenotype consists of the bone morphotype, the keratinized tissue (KT), and gingival thickness (GT). The latter two components, overlying the bone, constitute the gingival phenotype. Several techniques have been proposed for enhancing or augmenting KT or GT. However, how phenotype modification therapy (PMT) affects periodontal health and whether the obtained outcomes are maintained over time have not been elucidated. The aim of the present review was to summarize the available evidence in regard to the utilized approaches for gingival PMT and assess their comparative efficacy in augmenting KT, GT and in improving periodontal health using autogenous, allogenic, and xenogeneic grafting approaches.MethodsA detailed systematic search was performed to identify eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting on the changes in GT and KT (primary outcomes). The selected articles were segregated into the type of approach based on having performed a root coverage, or non‐root coverage procedure. A network meta‐analysis (NMA) was conducted for each approach to assess and compare the outcomes among different treatment arms for the primary outcomes.ResultsA total of 105 eligible RCTs were included. 95 pertaining to root coverage (3,539 treated gingival recessions [GRs]), and 10 for non‐root coverage procedures (699 total treated sites). The analysis on root coverage procedures showed that all investigated techniques (the acellular dermal matrix [ADM], collagen matrix [CM], connective tissue graft [CTG]) are able to significantly increase the GT, compared with treatment with flap alone. However, KT was only significantly increased with the use of CTG or ADM. Early post‐treatment GT was found to inversely predict future GR. For non‐root coverage procedures, only the changes in KT could be analyzed; all investigated treatment groups (ADM, CM, free gingival graft [FGG], living cellular construct [LCC], in combination with an apically positioned flap [APF]), resulted in significantly more KT than treatment with APF alone. Additionally, the augmented GT was shown to be sustained, and KT displayed an incremental increase over time.ConclusionsWithin its limitations, it was observed that any graft material was able to significantly enhance GT, while KT in root coverage procedures was significantly enhanced with CTG and ADM, and in non‐root coverage procedures, with ADM, CM, FGG, and LCC compared with APF alone. The autogenous soft tissue graft (CTG/FGG) proved to be superior in all comparisons for both outcomes of GT and KT.
Shear Wave Elastographic Study of the Myotendinous Junction of the Medial Gastrocnemius
Authors: Minafra Paolo , Alviti Federica , Giovagnorio Raffaella , Cantisani Vito , Mazzoni Gianni 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe myotendinous junction (MTJ) represents a specialized anatomic region through which the contractile strength is transmitted from the muscle to the tendon. The integrity of this region is essential to permit force transmission and to optimize energy expenditure during walking, running, and globally for human movement. We evaluated the MTJ with shear wave elastography to assess its elasticity variation during a functional test.MethodsForty professional soccer players were enrolled in the study. Shear wave elastography was performed at the level of the medial gastrocnemius MTJ both in a resting position and during a standing calf rise position to assess functional contraction.ResultsAll 40 participants were male, aged between 18 and 38 years (mean age, 25 years). The results of the elastographic study showed mean stiffness values ± SD of 4.19 ± 0.86 m/s for the right medial gastrocnemius and 4.20 ± 0.87 m/s for the left medial gastrocnemius with the muscle relaxed. During contraction, the stiffness values were 8.33 ± 0.5 m/s for the right medial gastrocnemius and 8.30 ± 0.48 m/s for the left medial gastrocnemius.ConclusionsOur study showed an increase of stiffness at the level of the MTJ during muscle contraction. This result is in line with the physiologic stiffening of the MTJ to resist the high level of force applied during muscle contraction. Shear wave elastography could be a useful method to assess the characteristics of the MTJ under both physiologic and pathologic conditions.