bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect bronchoprovocation tests in dose‐response studies of inhaled corticosteroids: Past, present, and future directions
Authors: Blais Christianne M. , Davis Beth E. , Nair Parameswaran , Cockcroft Donald W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are a mainstay of treatment in eosinophilic asthma. Many studies have explored the dose‐response effect of different formulations of ICS through direct or indirect bronchoprovocation testing. Such studies are important for investigating efficacy and identifying the relative potency between formulations. However, lack of consistency in methods and designs has hindered the comparability of study findings. This review discusses current knowledge of the dose‐response, or lack thereof, of different formulations of ICS through direct and indirect bronchoprovocation testing. The strengths and weaknesses of past studies inform recommendations for future methodological considerations in this field, such as utilizing a randomized double‐blind crossover design, enrolling participants likely to respond to ICS therapy, and carefully selecting treatment durations and washout periods to assess incremental improvement in airway hyperresponsiveness while reducing the likelihood of a carryover effect.
Seminal plasma components from fertile stallions involved in the epididymal sperm freezability
Authors: Vieira Luis Alberto , Matás Carmen , Torrecillas Alejandro , Saez Fara , Gadea Joaquín 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeminal plasma (SP) plays a crucial role in sperm protection and functionality. However, the effect of SP on the sperm cryopreservation is dependent on the stallion and SP composition. The use of epididymal spermatozoa incubated in the presence of SP could help the identification of the components of SP that are able to confer protection upon the spermatozoa during freezing.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were (i) to identify SP components involved in the potential protection of epididymal spermatozoa during the freeze‐thawing process and (ii) to identify and evaluate the proteins likely related to sperm freezability, using two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE).Materials and MethodsEpididymal spermatozoa from 4 stallions were incubated with SP (80%, v/v) or without SP (control) before freezing. Sperm parameters were evaluated after thawing (viability, chromatin condensation, acrosomal integrity, reactive oxygen species [ROS]) and SP composition: total antioxidant capacity (TAC), fatty acid composition, total protein concentration, and protein components by 2D‐DIGE.ResultsAfter thawing, the proportions of viable and acrosome‐intact spermatozoa were higher than control when SP from two stallions was used (F and O). The SP of all stallions reduced ROS production in comparison with the control. After analyzing the SP components, it was found that total protein concentration, TAC, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and eight specific proteins identified by 2D‐DIGE were different between stallions.DiscussionThese studies allow the identification of SP components that could be involved in sperm protection or cryotolerance. Use of this information could help in the selection of stallions according to their semen freezing capacity.ConclusionThe composition of the SP probably contributes to semen cryotolerance capacity. Total protein, TAC, PUFA, and some proteins such as cysteine‐rich secreted protein 3 could be used as biomarkers for the selection for sperm cryotolerance.
Very low blood flow carbon dioxide removal system is not effective in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation setting
Authors: Giraud Raphaël , Banfi Carlo , Assouline Benjamin , De Charrière Amandine , Bendjelid Karim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) is a low blood flow veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technique that provides artificial blood CO2 removal. Recently, a new ECCO2R system (PrismaLung), providing very low blood flow has been commercialized. The aim of this study is to report its use in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients needing an ECCO2R therapy. Six severe COPD patients with acute exacerbation leading to refractory hypercapnic respiratory acidosis were treated with ECCO2R therapy. Two different systems were used: a PrismaLung system and a conventional ECCO2R device. The maximum blood flow provided by PrismaLung was significantly lower than that with the conventional ECCO2R system. In three patients initially treated with PrismaLung, there were no improvements in pH, PaCO2, or RR. Thus, the therapy was switched to a conventional ECCO2R system in these three patients, and three others were treated from the outset by the conventional ECCO2R system, providing significant improvement in pH, PaCO2, and RR. The present retrospective study describes the first use of PrismaLung in severe COPD patients with acute exacerbation. When compared with a higher blood flow ECCO2R system, our results show that this novel, very low‐flow device is not able to remove sufficient CO2, normalize pH or decrease respiratory rate.
Using protein microarray to identify and evaluate autoantibodies to tumor‐associated antigens in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ma Yan , Wang Xiao , Qiu Cuipeng , Qin Jiejie , Wang Keyan , Sun Guiying , Jiang Di , Li Jitian , Wang Lin , Shi Jianxiang , Wang Peng , Ye Hua , Dai Liping , Jiang Bing‐Hua , Zhang Jianying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a noninvasive serological diagnostic approach in identifying and evaluating a panel of candidate autoantibodies to tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) based on protein microarray technology for early detection of ovarian cancer (OC). Protein microarray based on 154 proteins encoded by 138 cancer driver genes was used to screen candidate anti‐TAA autoantibodies in a discovery cohort containing 17 OC and 27 normal controls (NC). Indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the content of candidate anti‐TAA autoantibodies in sera from 140 subjects in the training cohort. Differential anti‐TAA autoantibodies were further validated in the validation cohort with 328 subjects. Subsequently, 112 sera from the patients with ovarian benign diseases with 104 OC sera and 104 NC sera together were recruited to identify the specificity of representative autoantibodies to OC among ovarian diseases. Five TAAs (GNAS, NPM1, FUBP1, p53, and KRAS) were screened out in the discovery phase, in which four of them presented higher levels in OC than controls (P < .05) in the training cohort, which was consistent with the result in the subsequent validation cohort. An optimized panel of three anti‐TAA (GNAS, p53, and NPM1) autoantibodies was identified to have relatively high sensitivity (51.2%), specificity (86.0%), and accuracy (68.6%), respectively. This panel can identify 51% of OC patients with CA125 negative. This study supports our assumption that anti‐TAA autoantibodies can be considered as potential diagnostic biomarkers for detection of OC; especially a panel of three anti‐TAA autoantibodies could be a good tool in immunodiagnosis of OC.
Predictors of long intensive care need after lung transplantation
Authors: Olsen Jul Eirik , Auråen Henrik , Durheim Michael T. , Fiane Arnt E. , Holm Are M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile expected need for intensive care after lung transplantation (LTx) does not normally affect organ allocation, it would be useful to estimate whether intensive care capacity is limited. The aim of this study was to assess factors available before LTx to identify predictors of prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) after LTx.MethodsAll bilateral LTx recipients excluding re‐transplantation and multi‐organ transplantation at Oslo University Hospital from 2000 to 2013 were included (n = 277). Predictive factors for ICU LOS were identified using pre‐ and perioperative variables.ResultsUnivariate analyses showed that recipients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, young age, female gender, low body height, low pretransplant actual total lung capacity (aTLC), and recipients who received an oversized donor lung were at risk for long ICU LOS. Patients with emphysema had lower risk of long ICU LOS. In multivariate analyses, a lower aTLC (p < .001) and a higher mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (p = .004) predicted prolonged ICU LOS.ConclusionsWe found that small recipient lung volume and high mPAP were predictors for prolonged ICU LOS. Our observations may be useful in planning use of resources in LTx, particularly in times of limited intensive care resources.
Is Life a Cabaret? A Living Archive of the ‘Other’
Authors: Alto Mama , McKemmish Sue 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article we engage in a co‐authored autoethnographic conversation on Art‐as‐Archive and Archive‐as‐Art. Through the lenses of critical archiving theory and practice, we explore the societal roles that the cabaret and the archive play in storytelling, witnessing, and memorialising. We discuss how from the beginning the cabaret has played a radical, transgressive role as art and archive on the edges of society. By contrast, the traditional archive has privileged information elites and sustained the embedded racism, classism, sexism and heteronormativity of colonial structures and infrastructures. Yet, like the cabaret, the archive holds radical potential and possibilities to subvert, undermine and reconfigure our understandings and societal constructs. Consideration of the cabaret‐as‐archive and archive‐as‐cabaret provokes us to re‐imagine archival spaces as radical, performative nodes in the vast networks of the Archival Multiverse.
Use of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and risk of splanchnic vein thrombosis: A Danish nationwide new‐user active comparator cohort study
Authors: Pottegård Anton , Lund Lars Christian , Henriksen Daniel Pilsgaard , Folkestad Lars , Hellfritzsch Maja , Hallas Jesper , Kristensen Kasper Bruun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUse of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors, on the basis of spontaneous adverse event reports, has recently been suspected of causing splanchnic vein thrombosis. Here, we report the results of a population‐based new‐user active comparator cohort study addressing this hypothesis, comparing DPP‐4 inhibitor initiators (n = 75 042) with initiators of glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) or sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (n = 38 718). We estimated the hazard ratio (HR) associating DPP‐4 inhibitor use with risk of splanchnic vein thrombosis using Cox regression. In a crude analysis, the incidence rate of splanchnic vein thrombosis was 0.22/1000 person‐years among DPP‐4 inhibitor initiators, compared to 0.17 among GLP‐1RA/SGLT2 inhibitor initiators, corresponding to an unadjusted absolute incidence rate difference of 0.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] –0.04 to 0.14) and an HR of 1.29 (95% CI 0.78 to 2.15). Adjusting for potential confounders using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighing, we obtained an absolute incidence rate difference of 0.03/1000 person‐years (95% CI –0.07 to 0.14) and an HR of 1.18 (95% CI 0.62 to 2.26). No evidence of increased risk of splanchnic vein thrombosis was found in supplementary analyses, including an absence of any dose–response patterns. As such, we found no association between DPP‐4 inhibitor use and splanchnic vein thrombosis risk.
The relation of online learning analytics, approaches to learning and academic achievement in a clinical skills course
Authors: Chan Albert K.M. , Botelho Michael G. , Lam Otto L.T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined relationships of students’ access of e‐learning (learning analytics) for a healthcare psychomotor skills course, approaches to learning (R‐SPQ‐2F psychometric) and academic achievement (summative examination results). An understanding of the relationships may help in supporting students learning.MethodsTwo consecutive cohorts of 5th year dental students were asked to complete the R‐SPQ‐2F questionnaire and permission to access data of online videos and associated quizzes and two summative written examination results were examined. The summative assessments were an OSCA and a written‐paper question both in prosthodontics. Multiple linear regression and correlation analysis were performed.ResultsStudents (n=98) performed a total of 10470 video access events and 7714 attempts in online quizzes. Deep learning approach was the strongest predictor variable (β=0.270; P=.004) on written‐paper question result. While video and quiz access were moderately correlated (r=0.600; P<.001) to each other, video access was not a significant predictor to either of the examination results. Quiz access was negatively associated with academic achievement for the written‐paper question results (β=−0.349; P<.001).ConclusionsOnly deep approach to learning appeared to be relevant for the written‐paper question examination grades. Conversely, the number of video and quiz access did not relate to either examination results. This suggests e‐learning access and examinations do not appear to relate under the conditions explored. Other attributes of learning management access may need to be explored to determine if access to learning management systems may be useful in offering remedial support to students.
A pilot of a Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examination in dental education. A response to COVID‐19
Authors: Donn James , Scott James Alun , Binnie Vivian , Bell Aileen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe outbreak of COVID‐19 necessitated a move to online teaching and assessment. The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) has been an integral part of dental examinations for several decades. The COVID‐19 pandemic stopped face to face examinations around the world. An Online Virtual OSCE (VOSCE) was developed and piloted for dental undergraduate assessment.Materials and MethodsThis initial report outlines the steps required to run an OSCE online. Planning and preparation required in adaptation of an OSCE for the online environment is dreported. The necessity for familiarisation sessions is addressed, and VOSCE logistics described.ResultsWith careful planning, the VOSCE is a useful assessment method in difficult times. Feedback from staff and students was favourable.ConclusionAlthough significant organisation was required, the examination process worked well for both students and examiners. Despite limitations in relation to technical dental procedures, the VOSCE could be a viable alternative to face to face clinical examination.
Environmental change reduces body condition, but not population growth, in a high‐arctic herbivore
Authors: Layton‐Matthews Kate , Grøtan Vidar , Hansen Brage Bremset , Loonen Maarten J. J. E. , Fuglei Eva , Childs Dylan Z. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnvironmental change influences fitness‐related traits and demographic rates, which in herbivores are often linked to resource‐driven variation in body condition. Coupled body condition‐demographic responses may therefore be important for herbivore population dynamics in fluctuating environments, such as the Arctic. We applied a transient Life‐Table Response Experiment (‘transient‐LTRE’) to demographic data from Svalbard barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis), to quantify their population‐dynamic responses to changes in body mass. We partitioned contributions from direct and delayed demographic and body condition‐mediated processes to variation in population growth. Declines in body condition (1980–2017), which positively affected reproduction and fledgling survival, had negligible consequences for population growth. Instead, population growth rates were largely reproduction‐driven, in part through positive responses to rapidly advancing spring phenology. The virtual lack of body condition‐mediated effects indicates that herbivore population dynamics may be more resilient to changing body condition than previously expected, with implications for their persistence under environmental change.
The impact of the COVID‐19 outbreak on acute stroke care in Slovakia: Data from across the country
Authors: Gdovinová Zuzana , Vitková Marianna , Baráková Anna , Cvopová Alena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeA few studies using data from regional databases have recently pointed to a decreased number of patients with stroke. The aim of the present study was to describe country‐level data (the number of patients with stroke, the proportion of patients with acute stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), the proportion of patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis [IVT] or mechanical thrombectomy [MT], the door‐to‐needle times [DNT], and the onset‐to‐needle time [ONT]) during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Slovakia.MethodsThe study examined data from the stroke register at the National Health Information Centre. Data from three time periods (March to April 2020; March to April 2019; January to February 2020) were compared using an independent samples t‐test and the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney two‐sample rank‐sum test.ResultsThe number of stroke patients admitted to hospitals in Slovakia during the COVID‐19 period showed a decrease (1673 vs. 2328 in period 2 and 2155 in period 3). The proportions of patients with TIA remained the same in periods 1 and 2 (9.7% vs. 11.7%) and in periods 1 and 3 (9.7 vs. 11.8%). The percentage of patients treated with IVT during the pandemic (22.4%) did not differ from period 2 (20.0%) or period 3 (21.4%). No difference was found in the rate of MT between the COVID‐19 period (10.2%) and the same period in 2019 (10.7%) and in January to February 2020 (13.1%). The median DNT remained unchanged in periods 1 (30 min), 2 (35 min) and 3 (30 min), and no differences were found in median ONT in periods 1 (130 min), 2 (130 min) and 3 (140 min).ConclusionWe found a decreased number of stroke patients during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Slovakia, but no evidence of a change in the quality of acute stroke care.
Cerebral aneurysm: De novo genesis and rupture within 15 days
Authors: Münsterberg Justine , Eckert Bernd , Röther Joachim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report the first case of de novo formation of a small 4‐ × 3‐mm symptomatic aneurysm with subsequent subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) within 15 days. A pre‐existing aneurysm was excluded by magnetic resonance angiography, as well as conventional angiography. In this case, there was no history of SAH, which is in contrast to other reported cases of de novo aneurysms that developed after previous aneurysm rupture.
Asian tiger mosquitos (Aedes albopictus) in urban Tokyo, Japan show low cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 diversity
Authors: Namiki Takahiro , Komine‐Aizawa Shihoko , Takada Kazuhide , Hayakawa Satoshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a common mosquito in East and Southeast Asia, but its habitats have expanded to the American, African and Australian continents, Europe and many other areas. Aedes albopictus can transmit some important arboviruses that cause human mortality. To control the global spread of this mosquito, genetic analyses of A. albopictus populations have been undertaken throughout the world. In Japan, however, few attempts have been made to characterize the population structures of these mosquitos. In this study, adult A. albopictus populations were sampled from seven parks in the urban area of Tokyo, and analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene base sequences revealed small genetic variations. Only three haplotypes were identified, and most of the samples belonged to a single haplotype. In addition, despite a developed international trade network, no establishment of A. albopictus populations from multiple origins was found. We also evaluated the genetic diversity outside Tokyo using data from a previous study for comparison and found that the genetic diversity in the urban area of Tokyo was lower than that in Nagasaki City (Japan) and in other countries, including the USA and Italy, where A. albopictus populations from Japan have been established.
Catchability of Atlantic salmon at high water temperatures: Implications for river closure temperature thresholds to catch and release angling
Authors: Van Leeuwen Travis E. , Dempson Brian , Cote David , Kelly Nicholas I. , Bates Amanda E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWarming water temperatures, combined with increased mortality following catch and release, could have synergistic consequences if rivers remain open to catch and release at high water temperatures, and catchability of fish remains similar across water temperatures. Here archived data for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., were used to (a) quantify the influence of water temperature on catchability and (b) refine estimates of absolute catch and release mortality to incorporate the relationship between temperature and catchability. A significant decline in the number of Atlantic salmon caught at warmer water temperatures was found after accounting for the effects of river water height, fishing effort, run duration and year‐to‐year differences in fish abundance. Overall, absolute catch and release mortalities were predicted to be infrequent at cool river temperatures. At river temperatures sometimes associated with fishing closures, mortality due to the catch and release ranged from 6% to 14%. Although post‐release mortality increases with water temperature, it is somewhat compensated by the reduced catchability of Atlantic salmon. Thus, the catchability component of catch and release is an integral consideration when evaluating the effectiveness of river closure temperature thresholds when managing catch and release angling.
Lessons learned on student engagement from the nature of pervasive socio‐digital interests and related network participation of adolescents
Authors: Kruskopf Milla , Hakkarainen Kai , Li Shupin , Lonka Kirsti 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe rise of modern socio‐digital technologies has fundamentally changed the everyday environments in which young people communicate with each other and cultivate interests. To gain a more sophisticated understanding of this phenomenon, this study provides in‐depth, qualitative insights into adolescents' experiences of their socio‐digital developmental ecologies. The 15 interview participants were recruited based on a previously conducted questionnaire. The semi‐structured theme interview addressed the socio‐digital aspects of the participants' interest‐driven behaviours and related networks with the aid of participant‐generated egocentric maps. The data not only qualitatively enrich the picture on adolescents' friendship‐ and interest‐driven socio‐digital participation but also provide new perspectives on the phenomena through the added network‐layer of analysis. The youth seem to vary in their motivational profiles related to their participation and the potential relevant psychological background factors for this variation are considered. Educational implications of these results are discussed when it comes to effective student engagement and connected learning.