bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐esteem in individuals at ultra‐high risk for psychosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bemrose Holly V. , Akande Isaac O. , Cullen Alexis E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimLow self‐esteem (LSE) has been reported among individuals with psychosis and is hypothesized to act as a risk and maintenance factor for the disorder. However, the extent to which LSE also characterizes individuals deemed at ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis (who present features consistent with the prodromal phase of illness), has yet to be quantified using meta‐analysis. This is important given that LSE is a potentially modifiable target for early intervention services aiming to reduce the risk of psychosis transition in this population.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science Core Collection for studies examining self‐esteem in UHR and healthy individuals. Random‐effects models were used to examine group differences in self‐esteem (Hedges'g) with exploratory meta‐regression analyses employed to investigate the effect of study characteristics (mean age of UHR group, the proportion of male participants in the UHR group and study quality) on standardized mean differences.ResultsSix studies were eligible for inclusion. Significant differences in self‐esteem were observed, with individuals at UHR showing reduced self‐esteem relative to healthy controls (g = −1.33 [−1.73 to −0.94] P < .001).However, there was evidence of substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 75%). Exploratory meta‐regression analyses indicated a significant effect of the mean age of the UHR group on effect sizes (B = −0.26, P = .02).ConclusionsUHR youth present with lower levels of self‐esteem than healthy individuals, a difference that appears to be more pronounced with advancing age. We discuss clinical implications and provide recommendations for future studies.
Integrating quality improvement into the ECHO model to improve care for children and youth with epilepsy
Authors: Joshi Sucheta , Gali Kari , Radecki Linda , Shah Amy , Hueneke Sarah , Calabrese Trisha , Katzenbach Alexis , Sachdeva Ramesh , Brown Lawrence , Kimball Eve , White Patience , McManus Peggy , Wood David , Nelson Eve‐Lynn , Archuleta Pattie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveProject ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes), a telementoring program, utilizes lectures, case‐based learning, and an “all teach–all learn” approach to increase primary care provider (PCP) knowledge/confidence in managing chronic health conditions. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Epilepsy and Comorbidities ECHO incorporated quality improvement (QI) methodology to create meaningful practice change, while increasing PCP knowledge/self‐efficacy in epilepsy management using the ECHO model.MethodsMonthly ECHO sessions (May 2018 to December 2018) included lectures, case presentations/discussion, and QI review. Pediatric practices were recruited through the AAP. Practices engaged in ECHO sessions and improvement activities including monthly Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles, team huddles, chart reviews, and QI coaching calls to facilitate practice change. They were provided resource toolkits with documentation templates, safety handouts, and medication side effects sheets. QI measures were selected from the American Academy of Neurology Measurement Set for Epilepsy. The AAP Quality Improvement Data Aggregator was used for data entry, run chart development, and tracking outcomes. Participants completed retrospective surveys to assess changes in knowledge and self‐efficacy.ResultsSeven practices participated across five states. Average session attendance was 14 health professionals (range = 13‐17). A total of 479 chart reviews demonstrated improvement in six of seven measures: health care transition (45.3%, P = .005), safety education (41.6%, P = .036), mental/behavioral health screening (32.2% P = .027), tertiary center referral (26.7%, not significant [n.s.]), antiseizure therapy side effects (23%, n.s.), and documenting seizure frequency (7.1%, n.s.); counseling for women of childbearing age decreased by 7.8%.SignificanceThis project demonstrated that integrating QI into an ECHO model results in practice change and increases PCP knowledge/confidence/self‐efficacy in managing epilepsy.
De novo hepatocellular carcinoma in living donor liver grafts: A Japanese multicenter experience
Authors: Goto Ryoichi , Kosai‐Fujimoto Yukiko , Yagi Shintaro , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Shimamura Tsuyoshi , Imura Satoru , Ogiso Satoshi , Mizuno Shugo , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Fukuhara Takasuke , Kanto Tatsuya , Eguchi Susumu , Yanaga Katsuhiko , Ogura Yasuhiro , Fukumoto Takumi , Shimada Mitsuo , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Ohdan Hideki , Uemoto Shinji , Soejima Yuji , Ikegami Toru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Taketomi Akinobu , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2020

AimDirect‐acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus have reduced the decompensation risk. Immunosuppressants for transplantation raise the risk of occurrence of de novo malignancies. We assessed the probabilities of and risk factors for de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development post‐living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the data of developed HCC in a graft including metastatic HCC post‐LDLT from 2779 adult cases collected from nine major liver transplantation centers in Japan.ResultsOf 2779 LDLT adult recipients, 34 (1.2%) developed HCCs in their grafts. Of 34, five HCCs appeared to be de novo because of a longer period to tumor detection (9.7 [6.4–15.4] years) and no HCC within the native liver of the two recipients. The donor origin of three of five de novo HCCs was confirmed using microsatellite analysis in resected tissue. Primary disease of all five was hepatitis C virus‐related cirrhosis, of which two were treated with direct‐acting antivirals. Four of five developed HCC de novo in the hepatitis B core antibody‐positive grafts. De novo HCCs had favorable prognosis; four of five were cured with complete remission. However, recurrent HCC (n = 29) in the graft had a poorer outcome, especially in patients with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio scores above 4 (median survival time, 262 [19–463] days).ConclusionAnalysis of the database from major liver transplantation institutes in Japan revealed that de novo HCCs determined by microsatellite analysis were rarely detected, but the majority were successfully treated. LDLT recipients with higher risks of de novo HCC, including those with hepatitis B core antibody‐positive grafts, should be carefully followed by surveillance of the liver graft.
The subduction of thePaleo‐PacificPlate to the Jiamusi Block: Evidence from the Early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the eastern Jiamusi Block
Authors: Xu Zhongjie , Kong Jintao , Cheng Rihui , Zhou Jianbo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn order to provide references of the subduction process of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate beneath the Jiamusi Block, this paper studied the clastic rocks of the Nanshuangyashan Formation using modal analysis of sandstones, mudstone elements geochemistry, and detrital zircon U–Pb dating. These results suggest the maximum depositional age of the Nanshuangyashan Formation was between the Norian and Rhaetian (206.8 ±4.6 Ma, mean standard weighted deviation (MSWD) = 0.17). Whole‐rock geochemistry of mudstone indicates that source rocks of the Nanshuangyashan Formation were primarily felsic igneous rocks and quartzose sedimentary rocks, which were mainly derived from the stable continental block and a magmatic arc. Detrital zircon analysis showed the Nanshuangyashan Formation samples recorded four main age groups: 229–204 Ma, 284–254 Ma, 524–489 Ma and 930–885 Ma, and the provenances were attributed to the Jiamusi Block and a Late Triassic magmatic arc near the study area. Furthermore, the eastern Jiamusi Block was a backarc basin, affected by the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate in the Late Triassic, but the magmatic arc related to the subduction near the study area finally died out due to tectonic changes and stratigraphic erosion.
A green composite material of calcium phosphate cement matrix with additions of car tire waste particles
Authors: Revelo Carlos F. , Colorado Henry A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe car tire waste have a tremendous adverse environmental impact in nature due to the large volumes generated worldwide, which requires multiple solutions that decrease as much as possible the tires disposed in landfills. Therefore, this research proposes to use part of the unused tire waste in a construction material, phosphate cement with ground rubber waste particles. For that, up to 12wt% of tire waste has been incorporated to cement. The samples characterization was conducted with scanning electron microscope; X‐ray diffraction; compressive strength; thermal stability at 50 and 100°C; density; and Weibull statistics. Results show that this composite can be used as a building material therefore as an environmental solution for the rubber tire waste, mainly in applications requiring similar compressive strengths than concrete with ordinary Portland cement. Weibull statistics showed compression strength changing from 2.85 to 38.29 MPa, which is typical in construction materials and also it enables it to be used as building material. Density of samples was between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm3, which open up applications for precast panels or other lightweight solutions.
Isotretinoin in the management of acne vulgaris: practical prescribing
Authors: Fallah Haady , Rademaker Marius 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince it was first approved for use in 1982, isotretinoin has revolutionized the management of acne vulgaris. Despite almost four decades of widespread use, uncertainty still exists regarding the manner in which it is best prescribed. In this review, we provide an update on the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, contraindications, interactions, and appropriate dosing schedule of isotretinoin in the treatment of acne. We also discuss the safety of performing concurrent dermatological procedures in patients taking isotretinoin.
Why Buy Local?
Authors: Ferguson Benjamin , Thompson Christopher 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article critically assesses the moral arguments that speak in favour of three consumer options: buying local food, buying global (non‐local) food, and buying global food while also purchasing carbon offsets to mitigate the environmental impact of food transportation. We argue that because the offsetting option allows one to provide economic benefits to the poorest food workers while also mitigating the environmental impact of food transportation it is morally superior to the alternatives.
IKKε and TBK1 in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: A possible mechanism of action of an IKKε/TBK1 inhibitor to repress NF‐κB and IL‐10 signalling
Authors: Carr Matthew , Mamand Sami , Chapman Kathryn L. , Perrior Trevor , Wagner Simon D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe IKK‐related kinases, IKKε and TBK1, have essential roles in innate immunity in part through modifying MYD88 signalling from the Toll‐like receptors to regulate NF‐κB signalling. We investigated the expression and function of IKKε and TBK1, in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). DLBCL cell lines and patient‐derived xenografts were used to determine their sensitivity to IKKε and TBK1 inhibitors. To understand the function of IKKε and TBK1 secreted factors were determined following administration of inhibitors. Gene expression microarrays were used to determine the transcriptional effects of inhibitors. Higher TBK1 mRNA levels associated with poorer clinical outcome but IKKε and TBK1 were expressed in both germinal centre and non‐germinal centre types of DLBCL. Survival of cell lines Ly10, Ly03 and Pfeiffer, and of some primary human lymphoma cells, was suppressed by a small molecule IKKε/TBK1 inhibitor, DMX3433. DMX3433 reduced IL‐10 production from Ly10 and repressed NF‐κB mediated transcription. Inhibition of IKKε and TBK1 warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic route to suppress NF‐κB signalling in lymphoma.
Mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosomes ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration through inhibiting pyroptosis
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Zhang Jieyuan , Zhang Yunlong , Liu Wenjun , Ni Weifeng , Huang Xiaoyan , Yuan Junjie , Zhao Bizeng , Xiao Haijun , Xue Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)‐based therapies have shown a promised result for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) treatment. However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Exosomes involve cell‐cell communication via transference of its contents among different cells, and the present potential effect on cell death regulation. This study aimed to investigate the role of MSCs‐derived exosomes on IVDD formation. Here, we first found the NLRP3‐mediated nucleus pulposus cell (NP cell) pyroptosis was activated in the IVDD mice model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced model. However, MSCs treatment could inhibit NP cell pyroptosis in vitro. We then isolated MSCs‐derived exosomes by differential centrifugation and identified the characteristics. Secondly, we investigated the function of MSCs‐derived exosomes on LPS‐induced NP cell pyroptosis. Finally, we presented evidence that MSCs‐derived exosomal miR‐410 was a crucial regulator of pyroptosis. Results showed that MSCs‐derived exosomes play an anti‐pyroptosis role by suppressing the NLRP3 pathway. Moreover, it suggested that this effect was attributed to miR‐410, which was derived from MSCs‐exosomes and could directly bind to NLRP3mRNA. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated that MSCs‐exosome treatment may inhibit pyroptosis and could be a promising therapeutic strategy for IVDD.
Classifying childhood war trauma exposure: latent profile analyses of Sierra Leone’s former child soldiers
Authors: Su Shaobing , Frounfelker Rochelle L. , Desrosiers Alethea , Brennan Robert T. , Farrar Jordan , Betancourt Theresa S. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundFormer child soldiers are at elevated risk for mental health problems (e.g., traumatic stress, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing and externalizing problems). To examine which groups of former child soldiers are more likely to have difficulties with emotion regulation, interpersonal relationships, and mental health postconflict, we explored patterns of war trauma exposure and their effects on subsequent mental health problems among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone.MethodsParticipants were 415 (23.86% female) Sierra Leonean former child soldiers participating in a 15‐year, four‐wave longitudinal study. At T1 (2002), 282 former child soldiers (aged 10–17) were recruited. T2 (2004) included 186 participants from T1 and an additional cohort of self‐reintegrated former child soldiers (NT2 = 132). T3 (2008) and T4 (2016/2017) participants were youth enrolled in previous waves (NT3 = 315; NT4 = 364). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify participants based on the first‐time reports of eight forms of war exposure (separation and loss of assets, parental loss, loss of loved ones, witnessing violence, victimization, perpetrating violence, noncombat activities, and deprivation). ANOVA examined whether patterns of war exposure were associated with sociodemographic characteristics and mental health outcomes between T1 and T4.ResultsLPA identified two profiles: higher exposure versus lower exposure, using cumulative scores of eight forms of war‐related trauma exposure. The ‘higher war exposure’ group comprised 226 (54.5%) former child soldiers and the ‘lower war exposure’ group included 189 (45.5%). Significantly higher levels of violence‐related and combat experiences characterized the group exposed to more traumatic events. The ‘higher war exposure’ group reported more PTSD symptoms at T2, more hyperarousal symptoms across all waves, and more difficulties in emotion regulation at T4.ConclusionsFormer child soldiers exposed to higher levels of war‐related traumatic events and loss should be prioritized for mental health services immediately postconflict and as they transition into adulthood.
Does timing of implant placement affect esthetic results in single‐tooth implants? A cohort evaluation based on mPES
Authors: Ghahroudi Amir A. R. , Rokn Amir R. , Shamshiri Ahmad R. , Samiei Nazanin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to use the mPES to assess various maxillary implant surgical results and placement timing in the esthetic zone.Materials and methodsThis cohort study was conducted on 146 patients undergoing immediate, early, and late implantation. They received maxillary single‐tooth implants in the anterior region during the past 5 years. Patients were clinically examined to determine their mPES and patient−/implant‐related parameters. Simple and multiple nominal regression analyses were applied to show how such parameters correlated with mPES.ResultsThe results were found to be in three categories namely the most clinically excellent, acceptable, and unacceptable. Although the most frequent clinically excellent results were noted in the late implantation (late 49.0%, early 25.6%, immediate 24.1%); early implantation was the group with the least frequent clinically unacceptable results (late 16.3%, early 4.7%, immediate 14.8%). The mean width of keratinized tissue was significantly more in patients with clinically excellent results (P‐value = 0.01).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, the author(s) drew the following conclusions: (a) the late implant placement was more likely to be reliable and esthetically acceptable, (b) early implant placement remained the safest method to prevent unaesthetic appearance, and (c) Width of keratinized gingiva (≥3 mm) was a significant factor to achieve implant esthetic results.Clinical significanceMaxillary single‐tooth implants in the anterior region often have optimal osseointegration and functional performance, but esthetic plays a significant role in the success of these implants. So the aim of the present study was to employ mPES to assess the effect of placement timing and other patient and implant‐related variables on esthetic outcomes.
Serious Falls in Middle‐Aged Veterans: Development and Validation of a Predictive Risk Model
Authors: Womack Julie A. , Murphy Terrence E. , Bathulapalli Harini , Smith Alexandria , Bates Jonathan , Jarad Samah , Redeker Nancy S. , Luther Stephen L. , Gill Thomas M. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Justice Amy C. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESDue to high rates of multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and hazardous alcohol and opioid use, middle‐aged Veterans are at risk for serious falls (those prompting a visit with a healthcare provider), posing significant risk to their forthcoming geriatric health and quality of life. We developed and validated a predictive model of the 6‐month risk of serious falls among middle‐aged Veterans.DESIGNCohort study.SETTINGVeterans Health Administration (VA).PARTICIPANTSVeterans, aged 45 to 65 years, who presented for care within the VA between 2012 and 2015 (N = 275,940).EXPOSURESThe exposures of primary interest were substance use (including alcohol and prescription opioid use), multimorbidity, and polypharmacy. Hazardous alcohol use was defined as an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test ‐ Consumption (AUDIT‐C) score of 3 or greater for women and 4 or greater for men. We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9), codes to identify alcohol and illicit substance use disorders and identified prescription opioid use from pharmacy fill‐refill data. We included counts of chronic medications and of physical and mental health comorbidities.MEASUREMENTSWe identified serious falls using external cause of injury codes and a machine‐learning algorithm that identified serious falls in radiology reports. We used multivariable logistic regression with general estimating equations to calculate risk. We used an integrated predictiveness curve to identify intervention thresholds.RESULTSMost of our sample (54%) was aged 60 years or younger. Duration of follow‐up was up to 4 years. Veterans who fell were more likely to be female (11% vs 7%) and White (72% vs 68%). They experienced 43,641 serious falls during follow‐up. We identified 16 key predictors of serious falls and five interaction terms. Model performance was enhanced by addition of opioid use, as evidenced by overall category‐free net reclassification improvement of 0.32 (P < .001). Discrimination (C‐statistic = 0.76) and calibration were excellent for both development and validation data sets.CONCLUSIONWe developed and internally validated a model to predict 6‐month risk of serious falls among middle‐aged Veterans with excellent discrimination and calibration.
Syntaxin 1B regulates synaptic GABA release and extracellular GABA concentration, and is associated with temperature‐dependent seizures
Authors: Mishima Tatsuya , Fujiwara Tomonori , Kofuji Takefumi , Saito Ayako , Terao Yasuo , Akagawa Kimio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDe novo heterozygous mutations in the STX1B gene, encoding syntaxin 1B, cause a familial, fever‐associated epilepsy syndrome. Syntaxin 1B is an essential component of the pre‐synaptic neurotransmitter release machinery as a soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein that regulates the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. It is also involved in regulating the functions of the SLC6 family of neurotransmitter transporters that reuptake neurotransmitters, including inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of febrile seizures by examining the effects of syntaxin 1B haploinsufficiency on inhibitory synaptic transmission during hyperthermia in a mouse model. Stx1b gene heterozygous knockout (Stx1b+/−) mice showed increased susceptibility to febrile seizures and drug‐induced seizures. In cultured hippocampal neurons, we examined the temperature‐dependent properties of neurotransmitter release and reuptake by GABA transporter‐1 (GAT‐1) at GABAergic neurons using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. The rate of spontaneous quantal GABA release was reduced in Stx1b+/− mice. The hyperthermic temperature increased the tonic GABAA current in wild‐type (WT) synapses, but not in Stx1b+/− synapses. In WT neurons, recurrent bursting activities were reduced in a GABA‐dependent manner at hyperthermic temperature; however, this was abolished in Stx1b+/− neurons. The blockade of GAT‐1 increased the tonic GABAA current and suppressed recurrent bursting activities in Stx1b+/− neurons at the hyperthermic temperature. These data suggest that functional abnormalities associated with GABA release and reuptake in the pre‐synaptic terminals of GABAergic neurons may increase the excitability of the neural circuit with hyperthermia.
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