bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future of skin tightening: Mechanical or biological?
Authors: Duncan Diane I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionNot too long ago, the concept of nonexcisional skin tightening was a field of dreams. Currently, the field of nonexcisional skin tightening is heavily device dependent. Though great strides have been made in both minimally invasive skin tightening and totally noninvasive devices, will these be in use for decades? Advances in biological research and development have been rapid. Consumer demand for regenerative solutions is high, despite the warnings from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) noting that benefits are unproven and that instances of charlatan practice are high. While genetic modification of food is frowned upon, the use of biomarkers in medicine has become a standard of care.Energy based devicesCurrent devices that have retained value in the skin tightening arena include transcutaneous radiofrequency (RF) and microfocused ultrasound. Laser resurfacing can improve mild skin laxity but its best use is wrinkle removal and pigment and textural improvement. RF‐based subdermal tightening consistently achieves a higher measured skin surface contraction than alternatives such as ultrasound‐assisted or laser‐assisted liposuction. High‐intensity electromagnetic field (HIFEM) improves that framework that supports the overlying skin, as well as reducing diastasis recti. HIFEM can generate a 17.9% skin surface area contraction. A combination of transcutaneous RF and targeted pressure energy significantly reduces skin surface irregularities, cellulite, and striae while measurably thickening the dermis.Injectables and biologiocalsBiologically based entries into the field include mechanically processed adipose‐derived stem cells, nanofat, and exosomes. Intradermal injection of nanofat and topical application of exosomes following microneedling can "resurface" skin by reversing many age related changes. A recently approved collagense drug can correct skin surface depressions such as cellulite, deformities following liposuction, and other areas of fibrosis.ConclusionSurgical skin excision has largely been replaced with minimally invasive and noninvasive alternatives. While energy based devices still dominate this field, biologicals are rapidly gaining ground. Substances that induce cell signaling can target cell senescence. The future of skin tightening will include treatment options that offer tightening, smoothing, dermal thickness improvement, hydration, and overall skin quality improvement.
Eating‐disorder psychopathology and driven exercise change models: A latent change score analysis
Authors: Chapa Danielle A. N. , Kite Benjamin A. , Forbush Kelsie T. , Tregarthen Jenna P. , Argue Stuart 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveApproximately 50% of people with eating disorders (EDs) engage in driven exercise to influence their weight or shape and/or to compensate for loss‐of‐control eating. When present, driven exercise is associated with a lower quality‐of‐life, longer hospital stays, and faster rates‐of‐relapse. Despite the seriousness of driven exercise, most treatments for EDs do not target maladaptive exercise behaviors directly. Given the large proportion of patients with an ED who engage in driven exercise and its effect on treatment outcomes, it is critical to understand what predicts change in driven exercise. The purpose of this study was to test whether ED symptoms prospectively predicted change in driven exercise and vice versa.MethodParticipants were Recovery Record (RR) users (N = 4,568; 86.8% female) seeking treatment for an ED. Participants completed the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) monthly for 3 months.ResultsIn the full sample, dynamic bivariate latent change score analyses indicated that high levels of dietary restraint and restricting prospectively predicted reductions in driven exercise. Among persons with anorexia nervosa (AN), high levels of binge eating predicted increased driven exercise. Among persons with bulimia nervosa (BN), high levels of body dissatisfaction predicted increased driven exercise. Among persons with binge‐eating disorder (BED), high levels of binge eating, purging, and restricting predicted reductions in driven exercise.DiscussionResults highlight changes that may predict increased or decreased driven exercise relative to other ED symptoms for AN, BN, and BED groups. These preliminary findings could inform future research on ED treatment efforts to manage driven exercise.
Light might suppress both types of sound‐evoked antipredator flight in moths
Authors: Hügel Theresa , Goerlitz Holger R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUrbanization exposes wild animals to increased levels of light, affecting particularly nocturnal animals. Artificial light at night might shift the balance of predator–prey interactions, for example, of nocturnal echolocating bats and eared moths. Moths exposed to light show less last‐ditch maneuvers in response to attacking close‐by bats. In contrast, the extent to which negative phonotaxis, moths’ first line of defense against distant bats, is affected by light is unclear. Here, we aimed to quantify the overall effect of light on both types of sound‐evoked antipredator flight, last‐ditch maneuvers and negative phonotaxis. We caught moths at two light traps, which were alternately equipped with loudspeakers that presented ultrasonic playbacks to simulate hunting bats. The light field was omnidirectional to attract moths equally from all directions. In contrast, the sound field was directional and thus, depending on the moth's approach direction, elicited either only negative phonotaxis, or negative phonotaxis and last‐ditch maneuvers. We did not observe an effect of sound playback on the number of caught moths, suggesting that light might suppress both types of antipredator flight, as either type would have caused a decline in the number of caught moths. As control, we confirmed that our playback was able to elicit evasive flight in moths in a dark flight room. Showing no effect of a treatment, however, is difficult. We discuss potential alternative explanations for our results, and call for further studies to investigate how light interferes with animal behavior.
Prediction of penetration depth by laser welding using Hablanian plot method and linear multiple regression analysis
Authors: Heya Manabu , Funayama Hiroto , Tsuboi Akihiko , Tagawa Masao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to prove the validity of prediction of penetration depth using Hablanian plot, we have compared experimentally obtained penetration depths with those predicted by Hablanian plot and linear multiple regression analysis. The experimental results with ∼1200 data points were obtained from bead‐on‐plate welding tests by the laser job shop. Stainless steel plates and four types of industrial CW lasers were used in these tests. From linear multiple regression analysis, it was found that dominating factors were laser power, welding speed, and spot diameter. On the other hand, we can predict the penetration depth using the 3th‐degree polynomial fitting curve (standard curve) expressed by Hablanian plot with two dimensionless parameters. The fitting difference between the standard curve and a data point results in the error of prediction. From Hablanian plot, it showed (1) that this fitting difference was dependent on some factors (such as laser power, welding speed, power density, and penetration depth), (2) that the fitting difference was, respectively, negative and positive in the lower and middle welding speed ranges, and (3) that the penetration depth could be precisely predicted by correcting the fitting difference in welding speed from the standard curve compared to the results predicted by linear multiple regression analysis.
Cladding mode loss effect on transmission characteristics of mechanically induced long‐period fiber gratings
Authors: Tsutsumi Yasuhiro , Kitahara Kenta , Ohashi Masaharu , Kubota Hirokazu , Miyoshi Yuji , Yamashita Ikuo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the mechanically induced long‐period fiber grating (MLPFG) fabricated by applying the periodical pressure on an optical fiber, the small bending occurs due to the periodical pressure, which influences the losses of the core and cladding modes. We propose the theoretical model of the MLPFG for estimating its transmittance based on the transfer matrix method and investigate the effect of the losses of the core and cladding modes in the MLPFG on the transmittance, theoretically and experimentally. We numerically clarify that the transmitted light spectrum of MLPFG shows only the main attenuation lobe, no side lobe, and the attenuation bandwidth is broadened as the cladding mode loss increases. We also clarify that the coupling coefficient, and the losses of the core and cladding modes in the fabricated MLPFG can be estimated from the measured transmitted spectrum based on our model. Moreover, we measure the transmittance of two types of MLPFGs that fabricated with a screw, weights, and metallic plates, and that fabricated with a screw and a heat‐shrinkable tube. The measured spectra show good agreements with the calculated ones using our model. Our model will be useful for designing MLPFGs applied to the sensors.
Social creativity: Reviving a social identity approach to social stability
Authors: van Bezouw Maarten Johannes , van der Toorn Jojanneke , Becker Julia Christina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSocial Identity Theory (SIT) is commonly applied to explain social change. We aim to revive interest in the concept of social creativity in order to provide a SIT perspective on bolstering and challenging social stability. Social creativity allows people to maintain or achieve a positive social identity through re‐interpreting intergroup relations. Despite this crucial role in shaping intergroup comparisons, the causes and effects of social creativity are largely unknown. To understand how social creativity can contribute to social stability, we argue for a return to SIT's dynamic nature of constantly renegotiating intergroup relations, involving both higher‐ and lower‐status groups. Within these dynamics, we propose that social creativity can play the roles of coping with, promoting, and questioning social stability. Additionally, we outline a research agenda for future research on social creativity and discuss the impact that social stability can have in societies.
Manganese and graphene oxide composite as highly effective sulfur host for enlightening electrochemical kinetics of lithium‐sulfur batteries
Authors: Radhika Govindharaju , Rajkumar Palanisamy , Subadevi Rengapillai , Sivakumar Marimuthu 
Published: November 2020

SummaryLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are deliberated as capable candidate in next generation of rechargeable batteries. It offers a significant specific capacity of 1675 mAh/g and high‐energy density (2600 Wh/kg). In this work, sulfur/MnO2/graphene oxide (GO) composite has been prepared by incorporating sulfur in different ratios with MnO2 and GO (10:20 and 20:10; SMG1 and SMG2) by solid state reaction and used as cathode for Li‐S battery. The obtained composites have been characterized for physical and electrochemical performances. The XRD spectrum display the sulfur is in orthorhombic structure and the presence of carbon has been confirmed by Raman analysis. The SMG2 composite with 70 wt% of sulfur displays a considerably embellished cycling performance (1610 mAh/g at an initial cycle at 0.1 C). The capacity and stability of the material is achieved by suppressing the polysulfides effectively. Low capacity fade, accommodation of volume change arising during cycling processes makes this positive electrode material competent for Li‐S battery application.
Computational investigation and screening of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine‐based high energy materials
Authors: Liu Luhao , Jin Xinghui , Zhou Jianhua , Hu Bingcheng 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn the present work, some [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine‐based high energy compounds were designed. The electronic structures, heats of formation (HOF), detonation velocities (D), detonation pressures (P), and thermal stabilities (BDEs) of the titled high energy materials were calculated at B3LYP/6‐311G (d,p) theoretical level of DFT method. Based on the calculated data, the frontier molecular orbital energy gaps were from 1.02 (B2) to 3.91 eV (A4), the values of HOF, D, P, and BDEs were from 1020.6 (A4) to 2286.3 kJ mol−1 (D2), from 6.52 (A1) to 9.44 km s−1 (D8), from 17.5 (A1) to 41.5 GPa (D8), and from 36.1 (D2) to 515.5 kJ mol−1 (B1), respectively. Take D, P, and BDEs into consideration, seven compounds (A8, B8, C8, D7, D8, E8, and F8) were screened as potential candidates for high energy materials due to their high detonation properties (D and P) and proper thermal stabilities. Finally, the electronic structures (such as distribution of frontier molecular orbitals and electrostatic potentials) were presented, which may provide a new research direction to high energy materials.
Effect of coupling phase change materials and heat pipe on performance enhancement of Li‐ion battery thermal management system
Authors: Yuan Qiuqi , Xu Xiaoming , Tong Guangyao , Ding Hua 
Published: November 2020

SummaryA thermal management system (TMS) including heat pipes, heat‐conducting glue, phase change materials (PCM), and micro‐channel plates is built in this research. The heat pipes and heat‐conducting glue can solve the problem of poor thermal conductivity and large internal temperature difference (Td) of TMS including PCM and liquid cooling. The micro‐channel plates can solve the problem that TMS combined with the PCM and the heat pipes is difficult to transfer heat. The designed TMS can cool and heat li‐ion battery. Through the li‐ion battery discharge test experiment by 1C, 2C, and 3C, the li‐ion battery heating power is obtained. The temperature change curve of li‐ion batteries at 1C, 2C, 3C discharge and when ambient temperature (Ta) is −20°C, −10°C, 0°C, and 20°C are studied. When the Ta is lower than 0°C, the designed TMS can heat the li‐ion battery to 20°C, and make the Td inside the li‐ion batteries approach 0°C within a short period.
Large wood load fluctuations in an Andean basin
Authors: Picco Lorenzo , Scalari Cordelia , Iroumé Andrés , Mazzorana Bruno , Andreoli Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe importance of monitoring and analysing wood fluxes in mountain environments is widely recognized. However, there is a lack of information related to the long‐term fluctuations in wood load and associated to the changes in large wood (LW) characteristics. The main aims of the research were to analyse (i) changes in wood characteristics, (ii) fluctuations in wood load, and (iii) the relationship between wood load and sub‐reach settings, proposing an ad hoc roughness index (RI). Repeated field surveys to measure wood load and LW characteristics during a 13‐year period were conducted within a 2.2 km‐long reach of the Rio Toro (Chile), which flows through the Malleco Forest National Reserve that was affected by wildfires in 2002 and 2015. Two spatial scales (i.e. study reach and sub‐reach) were considered. Irrespective of the adopted scale wood load fluctuated considerably, in both number and volume, with significant changes in LW characteristics (i.e. mean diameter and length). Moreover, a clear tendency to the aggregation in wood jams (WJs) was observed within the entire study reach. Based on our results, we conclude that 17 years after the first wildfire wood recruitment has started in the upper parts of the basin. Moreover, Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) analyses were carried out to investigate the relationship between RI and both number and volume of LW. Both models are characterized by high adjusted R2 of 74.9% and 72.8% for volume and number, respectively. This demonstrated that the RI can characterize the reaches in terms of tendency to deposition and trapping of wood. These results are promising, particularly in improving the knowledge related to potential deposition areas that can control wood load fluctuations, also permitting its management to be improved. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controls of alluvial cover formation, morphology and bedload transport in a sinuous channel with a non‐alluvial boundary
Authors: Papangelakis E. , Welber M. , Ashmore P. , MacVicar B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe alluvial cover in channels with non‐alluvial beds is a major morphologic feature in these rivers and has important geomorphic and ecologic functions. Although controls on the extent of the alluvial cover have been previously researched, little is known about the role of channel meanders in shaping the three‐dimensional morphology and bedload transport rates in these rivers. Flume experiments were conducted in a fixed‐bed sinuous channel scaled from an engineered urban river. A fully graded sediment supply mixture was fed into the bare channel at rates ranging between 0.3 and 1.2 times the estimated channel capacity under constant discharge. The three‐dimensional morphology and surface texture of the alluvial cover were captured using photogrammetry, and the sediment output was periodically measured and sieved. A stable alluvial cover was achieved under all sediment supply conditions that coincided with a sediment transport equilibrium. The sediment supply rate controlled the final areal extent, mass and volume of the alluvial cover, while cover developed as a periodic series of stable bars ‘fixed’ by the channel planform. The alluvial cover development followed consistent trajectories relative to angular position around bends but developed to a greater degree and higher elevation with increasing sediment supply. The stable cover extent had a logarithmic relationship with the relative sediment supply, while the final mass, volume and bar height had linear relationships. The final channel morphology was characterized by fine‐textured point bars with flat tops and steep margins connected by coarse riffle features. The outside of banks between bend apexes remained bare, even at sediment supply conditions exceeding the channel capacity. The length of the exposed outer banks followed predictable linear relationships with the total cover extent. Insights from this study can provide guidance for the management of channels with non‐alluvial boundaries and provide validation for models of sinuous bedrock channel abrasion. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychiatric hospital admission and later crime, mental health, and labor market outcomes
Authors: Landersø Rasmus , Fallesen Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost OECD countries have downsized treatment capacity at psychiatric hospitals substantially. We investigate consequences of these reductions by studying how the decision whether to admit individuals in mental distress to a psychiatric hospital affects their subsequent crime, treatment trajectories, and labor market outcomes. To circumvent nonrandom selection into admission, we use a proxy of occupancy rates prior to a patient's first contact with a psychiatric hospital as an instrument. We find that admissions reduce criminal behavior, likely due to incapacitation, and predominantly for males and those with a criminal record. Furthermore, admission lowers patients' subsequent labor market attachment, likely because a psychiatric hospital admission is an eligibility criterion for welfare benefits.
The performance of the alarmin HMGB1 in pediatric diseases: From lab to clinic
Authors: Li Bo , Peng Xin , Li He , Chen Fei , Chen Yuxia , Zhang Yingqian , Le Kai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe ubiquitously expressed nonhistone nuclear protein high‐mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) has different functions related to posttranslational modifications and cellular localization. In the nucleus, HMGB1 modulates gene transcription, replication and DNA repair as well as determines chromosomal architecture. When the post‐transcriptional modified HMGB1 is released into the extracellular space, it triggers several physiological and pathological responses and initiates innate immunity through interacting with its reciprocal receptors (i.e., TLR4/2 and RAGE). The effect of HMGB1‐mediated inflammatory activation on different systems has received increasing attention. HMGB1 is now considered to be an alarmin and participates in multiple inflammation‐related diseases. In addition, HMGB1 also affects the occurrence and progression of tumors. However, most studies involving HMGB1 have been focused on adults or mature animals. Due to differences in disease characteristics between children and adults, it is necessary to clarify the role of HMGB1 in pediatric diseases.Methods and ResultsThrough systematic database retrieval, this review aimed to first elaborate the characteristics of HMGB1 under physiological and pathological conditions and then discuss the clinical significance of HMGB1 in the pediatric diseases according to different systems.ConclusionsHMGB1 plays an important role in a variety of pediatric diseases and may be used as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for new strategies for the prevention and treatment of pediatric diseases.
The resilience of the U.S. banking system
Authors: Papadimitriou Theophilos , Gogas Periklis , Agrapetidou Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate the resilience of the whole U.S. banking system (5,826 banks) over the period 2000–2018. In doing so, we employ a state‐of‐the‐art bank failure forecasting model (Gogas et al., 2018) and we uncover the evolution of the safety margin from failure for all individual U.S. banks and the banking sector as a whole every year. We provide evidence that in recent years a lower competition and new regulations widened the safety margin of the banking system, resulting in a healthier financial sector as banks become less in total number but act more prudently.
Regional integration and bilateral FDI stocks in the OECD
Authors: Barrell Ray , Nahhas Abdulkader 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examine factors affecting OECD bilateral Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) stocks over 1995–2016. We emphasize the effect of regional trade agreements, the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA). We find that EU membership is a significant determinant of FDI even when we condition on other gravity variables. The importance of robust economic institutions and freedoms is discussed, with implications for countries that are reducing such freedoms. European Integration has raised intra Single Market FDI by over 40%. The UK has no labour market or competitive environment advantage above the rest of the EU in attracting FDI, and it will lose stocks after departure. We show that distance matters, but the effect is declining slowly.