bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konventionelle nuklearmedizinische Bildgebung bei Hyperparathyreoidismus
Authors: Schenke Simone , Zimny Michael , Kreißl Michael C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor the assessment of hyperparathyroidism besides cervical ultrasound, 99 mTc-Sestamibi (MIBI) imaging is being used on a routine basis in nuclear medicine practice. MIBI is a positively charged complex, which is bound in mitochondria rich parathyroidal tissue and shows a reduced washout as compared to normal thyroid tissue. This characteristic is used during dual-phase imaging by acquiring early and late images.In order to better localize adenomas, especially if they are ectopic, it is helpful to combine planar imaging with cross-sectional (-hybrid) imaging using SPECT or SPECT/CT. With this approach, in combination with ultrasound the sensitivity for adenomas is known to be over 80 % up to 100 %. For multiglandular involvement or hyperplasia, a significantly lower detection rate is known, which, however, can be improved by a combination of planar and tomografic imaging. To what extend medication can influence the results of MIBI imaging is not well known. Glucocorticoids and calcium channel antagonist might have a negative influence on the uptake of MIBI. Another potential influencing factor could be the presence of P-glykoprotein in some adenomas, leading to a faster efflux of MIBI out of the adenoma cells and consecutively a lower detection rate.
‘Four-position method’ makes beginner endoscopists aware of spatial positioning of the left hand to master upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Sugimoto Ken , Osawa Satoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and study aims We developed a novel “four-position method” for facilitating endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and this study aimed to verify its usefulness for beginner endoscopists.Methods Medical students (n = 121) were divided into three groups. A simulator subsequently was used to perform endoscopy. Group A was taught how to hold the endoscope and move the dial; Group B was taught the “four-position method”; and Group C, in addition to being taught the “four-position method,” was permitted to use an endoscope before introduction to the simulator. In each group, the transit time to various parts of the upper digestive tract was recorded in addition to the time to grasp a clip in the stomach with the forceps. We also surveyed the groups with respect to their impression of the difficulty level of endoscopic operation before and after instructions.Results Transit time to the cardia was no different among the groups; however, with regard to other targets, Group C reached the sites significantly more quickly than did Groups A and B. Time to clip grasping was significantly shorter in Groups B and C than in Group A. Regarding the impression of the difficulty level, significantly more students in Groups B and C compared to Group A felt that endoscopy was easier after instructions.Conclusion Learning the “four-position method” made it possible to achieve stable endoscopic manipulation at an early stage and improve subsequent endoscopic procedures.
Integrated Synthesis of Thienyl Thioethers and Thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes via 1-Benzothiophen-3(2H)-ones
Authors: Mitsudo Koichi , Suga Seiji , Habara Nanae , Kobashi Yoshiaki , Kurimoto Yuji , Mandai Hiroki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA one-pot procedure for the synthesis of thienyl thioethers is described. Several thienyl thioethers were synthesized by a TfOH-promoted Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization, a subsequent nucleophilic attack by an arenethiol, and dehydration. This protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of thienoacene derivatives by using a Pd-catalyzed dehydrogenative cyclization.
The A3 Redox-Neutral C1-Alkynylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines: A Comparative Study between Visible Light Photocatalysis and Transition-Metal Catalysis
Authors: Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Ortiz Villamizar Marlyn C. , Puerto Galvis Carlos E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConsidering the current challenges of the A3 redox-neutral C1-alkynylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs), we studied this synthetic tool under visible light photocatalysis and transition-metal catalysis in order to describe alternative reaction conditions and discuss possible improvements to this process. We demonstrated that 1-alkynylated THIQs can be readily obtained by three different approaches: iridium-based photocatalysis and copper ([CuBr(PPh3)3]) and silver (AgNO3) catalysis under mild, selective and accessible reaction conditions. Among these approaches, the copper(I)-based methodology resulted in the most robust, optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of a series of 18 1-alkynylated THIQs in moderate to excellent yields and with high selectivity for the endo-alkynylated products. Moreover, this reaction can be accelerated by microwave irradiation (120 °C, 15 min) affording a novel library of diverse THIQs with alkyne and N-substituent moieties, from unreactive and uncommon substrates, that could be further transformed into new compounds of interest.
Clinical Outcomes after Minimally Invasive Trans-Psoas Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for the Treatment of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis: Four Years’ Multicenter Study
Authors: Asad Sheikh , Dubey Arjun , Dubey Arvind , Sutterlin Chester 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of minimally invasive transpsoas lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) surgery for treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis is rapidly increasing in popularity. However, limited data is available regarding its use in adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of adults with degenerative lumbar scoliosis who were treated with minimally invasive LLIF. Thirty-two consecutive patients with adult degenerative scoliosis treated by a single surgeon at two spine centers were followed up for an average of 13.2 months. Interbody fusion was completed using the minimally invasive LLIF technique with supplemental 360 degrees’ posterior instrumentation. Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were obtained preoperatively and at most recent follow-up. Complications were recorded. The study group demonstrated improvement in clinical outcome scores. ODI scores improved from 36.8 to 23.4 (p < 0.00001). A total of four complications (12%) were recorded, and two patients (6%) required additional surgery. Based on the significant improvement in validated clinical outcome scores, minimally invasive LLIF can be considered an effective procedure in the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis.
The Utility of Cinematherapy for Stuttering Intervention: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Azios Michael , Irani Farzan , Bellon-Harn Monica , Swartz Eric , Benson Cristiana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis preliminary study explored the feasibility and benefits of using cinematherapy with adults who stutter to address affective and cognitive reactions to stuttering and their impact on the persons' life. A mixed methods research design was used to explore the impact of cinematherapy. Four clients completed a 4-week structured cinematherapy program. All clients completed two questionnaires: Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering and Overall Experience of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering, before starting and after completing the program. At the end of the program, clients also completed a semistructured interview. The semistructured interviews provide insight on clients' perceptions of cinematherapy, and questionnaires provided quantitative insights on the clients' perceptions of change. Qualitative data analysis indicated that clients reported five themes related to perceptions of cinematherapy: Promoted Vulnerability; Nurtured Empowerment; Stimulated Self-Reflection; Incited Feelings of Belonging; and Diminished Self-Stigma. Overall, clients reported a clinically significant decrease in scores on both questionnaires after completion of the 4-week cinematherapy program. Results indicate that cinematherapy was well received and had a positive impact on cognitive and affective aspects of stuttering in the four adult clients. These results provide preliminary support for larger scale clinical trials of cinematherapy as an adjuvant to traditional stuttering therapy.
Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: A Remarkable Outcome with Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Meirson Hadas , Shiran Shelly I. , Raz Michal , Roth Jonathan , Fattal-Valevski Aviva 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which occurs predominantly in the pediatric population. Acute treatment is high-dose intravenous glucocorticoids. Alternative treatment is usually intravenous immune globulin and/or plasma exchange. Fulminant ADEM is rare in children. Only a few cases of cyclophosphamide use in refractory ADEM have been reported. Here, we report a case of a 12-year-old girl with fulminant ADEM who was comatose and improved dramatically after cyclophosphamide administration. Cyclophosphamide treatment should be considered as a therapy in children with fulminant ADEM nonresponsive to standard therapies.
Bone Union Enhancement by bFGF-Containing HAp/Col in Prefabricated Vascularized Allo-Bone Grafts
Authors: Yamaguchi Konosuke , Kaji Yoshio , Nakamura Osamu , Tobiume Sachiko , Nomura Yumi , Oka Kunihiko , Yamamoto Tetsuji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background We have developed a prefabricated vascularized allo-bone graft (PVAG) by implanting the saphenous vascular bundles of recipient rats into transplanted donor bones in a flow-through manner. We previously demonstrated that the angiogenetic and bone formative abilities of the PVAG are stimulated by the addition of a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-containing hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col). This study aimed to demonstrate that the bone union ability of the PVAG is similarly stimulated by the bFGF-containing HAp/Col composite.
Methods Sprague-Dawley donor rats (n = 32) and Wistar recipient rats (n = 32) were used in this study. The PVAG was fixed to the femur of the recipient rat using K-wire (dimeter: 0.7 mm) pinning, followed by suturing with a 4–0 nylon suture. Recipients were divided into four groups: with or without vascular bundles, and with or without bFGF-containing HAp/Col. Rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after transplantation, and bone union, bone resorption, and angiogenesis were radiologically and histologically evaluated.
Results Radiological analysis revealed a significant increase in callus formation and union rate, while histological analysis showed a significant increase in bone formation and angiogenesis in the group treated with both vascular bundles and bFGF. Bone resorption did not significantly increase in any of the evaluated groups.
Conclusion Osteogenic cells, osteoconductive scaffolds, growth factors, and mechanical environment are known to be important factors in the process of fracture healing. The PVAG developed herein contains osteogenic cells, osteoconductive scaffolds, and growth factors. In addition, the PVAG is rigidly fixed to the fracture site, providing a stable mechanical environment. Together, these four factors contributed to a good bone union. Furthermore, this method did not promote bone resorption. Thus, the addition of a vascular bundle and bFGF-containing HAp/Col makes it possible to create an ideal vascularized allo-bone graft for the reconstruction of massive bone defects.
The Blue-Blood Porcine Chest Wall: A Novel Microsurgery Training Simulator for Internal Mammary Vessel Dissection and Anastomosis
Authors: Zeng Weifeng , Gunderson Kirsten A. , Sanchez Ruston J. , Albano Nicholas J. , Nkana Zeeda H. , Thadikonda Kishan M. , Dingle Aaron M. , Poore Samuel O. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Preparation of the internal mammary artery (IMA) is a critical step in autologous breast reconstruction. Intraoperatively, there is limited opportunity for residents to practice this skill. Porcine models provide highly realistic simulation for vascular surgery; however, use of live laboratory pigs is expensive, inconvenient, and offers limited opportunity for repetitive training. We aimed to develop an inexpensive and effective training model for IMA preparation. This article describes creation of a novel microsurgical model using cadaveric chest walls of Wisconsin Miniature Swine embedded in a modified mannequin thorax and augmented with a blue-blood perfusion system.
Methods Anatomic comparison: five porcine chest walls were dissected, and various anatomic measurements were made for anatomic comparison to existing human data in the literature. Model assembly: the chest wall is prepared by cannulating the proximal and distal ends of the internal mammary vessels with angiocatheters, which are then connected to the blue-blood perfusion system. The model is assembled in four layers including: (1) a mannequin thorax with a window removed to expose the first to fourth intercostal spaces, bilaterally, (2) a layer of foam simulating fat, (3) the perfused pig chest wall, and (4) a second mannequin shell placed posteriorly for support.
Results The porcine chest walls are similar to humans with regards to vessel size and location. This model can be assembled quickly, with a one-time approximate cost of $55.00, and allows for six training sessions per specimen. The model allows residents to practice the key steps of IMA preparation including dissection, elevation of perichondria, and vascular anastomosis while working at a depth that closely simulates the human thorax. Continuous blue-blood perfusion provides immediate feedback on anastomosis quality.
Conclusion Overall, this novel model can provide inexpensive and realistic simulation of internal mammary vessel preparation and anastomosis.
Employment Opportunities for Pediatric Critical Care Fellowship Trained Physicians in the United States
Authors: Dalabih Abdallah R. , Prodhan Parthak , Harris Zena L. , Bone Meredith F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPediatric Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) training programs and trained fellows in the United State increased steadily without a corresponding increase in population growth. PCCM trainees worry about limited employment prospects. This study aimed to quantify the demand for PCCM trained physicians in the United States by prospectively tracking full-time employment opportunities over 12 months. The number of advertised opportunities identified was low compared with number of fellows likely to be seeking jobs during same time period. If market demand remains stable, there is risk of excess supply if number of newly fellowship-trained PCCM physicians continues to rise.
Modern trends in controlled synthesis of functional polymers: fundamental aspects and practical applications
Authors: Grishin Dmitry F. , Grishin Ivan D. 
Published: September 2020

Major trends in controlled radical polymerization (CRP) or reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), the most efficient method of synthesis of well-defined homo- and copolymers with specified parameters and properties, are critically analyzed. Recent advances associated with the three classical versions of CRP: nitroxide mediated polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the application of photoinitiation and photocatalysis in CRP. This approach, which has been intensively explored recently, brings synthetic methods of polymer chemistry closer to the light-induced processes of macromolecular synthesis occurring in living organisms. Examples are given of practical application of CRP techniques to obtain industrially valuable, high-tech polymeric products.The bibliography includes 429 references.
Highly non-resonant lasing without inversion gain in a ladder scheme
Authors: Braunstein D , Koganov G A , Smolik E , Biton Y , Shuker R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We show that it is possible to get gain without inversion at high frequency in a three-level ladder type scheme driven by a single driving laser. The transition from the ground state to first excited state is driven by a low-frequency resonant laser field. The next excited state lies far above the first one; therefore its resonant frequency can be much higher than that of the lower transition, and hence one should go beyond the most commonly used rotating wave approximation consisting of retaining only resonant terms (slowly oscillating) in the Hamiltonian. We solve the master equation, both analytically (under proper approximations) and numerically, with the full Hamiltonian keeping counter-rotating highly non-resonant terms. We show a dressed state picture explaining spectral features of gain-absorption profiles. Also we present a kind of phase diagram in the plane γ–Λ, where γ and Λ are spontaneous emission rate and incoherent pumping rate, respectively. The whole γ–Λ plane is divided into four areas: gain-inversion, absorption-no inversion, gain without inversion and absorption with inversion. The first two are usual regimes of incoherently pumped lasers, while the last two stem from the quantum interference phenomena. We analyse the parameter areas where such quantum regimes are possible. The exact numerical solution of the time-dependent master equation shows that keeping counter-rotating terms (no rotating wave approximation) gives rise to new spectral features in the form of additional peaks at combination frequencies. Actually the considered system works as a coherent frequency up-converter.
Trends in elastic properties of Ti–Ta alloys from first-principles calculations
Authors: Chakraborty Tanmoy , Rogal Jutta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The martensitic start temperature (M
s) is a technologically fundamental characteristic of high-temperature shape memory alloys. We have recently shown [Chakraborty et al 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 224104] that the two key features in describing the composition dependence of M
s are the T = 0 K phase stability and the difference in vibrational entropy which, within the Debye model, is directly linked to the elastic properties. Here, we use density functional theory together with special quasi-random structures to study the elastic properties of disordered martensite and austenite Ti–Ta alloys as a function of composition. We observe a softening in the tetragonal shear elastic constant of the austenite phase at low Ta content and a non-linear behavior in the shear elastic constant of the martensite. A minimum of 12.5% Ta is required to stabilize the austenite phase at T = 0 K. Further, the shear elastic constants and Young’s modulus of martensite exhibit a maximum for Ta concentrations close to 30%. Phenomenological, elastic-constant-based criteria suggest that the addition of Ta enhances the strength, but reduces the ductile character of the alloys. In addition, the directional elastic stiffness, calculated for both martensite and austenite, becomes more isotropic with increasing Ta content. The reported trends in elastic properties as a function of composition may serve as a guide in the design of alloys with optimized properties in this interesting class of materials.
Graphene-assisted preparation of large-scale single-crystal Ag(111) nanoparticle arrays for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Dong Yibo , Xie Yiyang , Hu Liangchen , Xu Chen , Guo Weiling , Pan Guanzhong , Wang Qiuhua , Qian Fengsong , Sun Jie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal nanostructures has broad application prospects in the fields of sensing, energy, catalysis and optics. This paper reports a graphene-assisted method for preparing large-scale single-crystal Ag(111) nanoparticle (NP) arrays based on the ion implantation technique. By surface periodic patterning treatment and annealing of the implanted sample, regularly arranged Ag NPs can be prepared on the sample surface. A new application for graphene is proposed, that is, as a perfect barrier layer to prevent metal atoms from evaporating or diffusing. All the Ag NPs show (111) crystal orientation. Besides, the Ag atoms are covered by graphene immediately when they precipitate from the substrate, which can prevent them from being oxidized. On the basis of this structure, as one of the applications of the metal SPR, we have measured the surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect and found that the G peak of the Raman spectrum of the graphene achieved about 20 times enhancement.
Cosmic transit models in an extended gravity theory
Authors: Tripathy Sunil K , Pradhan Sasmita Kumari , Parida Priyabrata , Behera Dipanjali , Khuntia Rakesh K , Mishra B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have investigated some cosmic transit models in the framework of an extended gravity theory where the usual Ricci scalar in the gravitational action is replaced by a sum of the Ricci scalar and a term proportional to the trace of the energy momentum tensor. A hybrid scale factor is assumed to simulate the cosmic transit behaviour. The hybrid scale factor has two parameters that describe the behaviour of the model at an initial epoch and at a late epoch. The parameters of the hybrid scale factor have been constrained from the cosmic transit behaviour. Four different cosmic transit models have been constructed and are confronted with the observational Hubble parameter data. A cosmographic test for the cosmic transit models is conducted to assess their dynamical evolution. The effect of the model parameters on the cosmic dynamics has been investigated.
Position and attitude determination by integrated GPS/SINS/TS for feed support system of FAST
Authors: Li Ming-Hui , Jiang Peng , Yu Dong-Jun , Sun Jing-Hai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a new measurement system based on integration method that can provide all-weather dependability and higher precision for the measurement of FAST’s feed support system. The measurement system consists of three types of measuring equipments, and a processing software with the core data fusion algorithm. The Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) can autonomously measure the position, speed and attitude of the carrier. Its own shortcoming is that the measurement data diverge rapidly over time. SINS must combine the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Total Station (TS) to obtain high-precision measurement data. The Kalman filtering algorithm is adopted for the integration measurement system, which is an optimal algorithm to estimate the measurement errors. A series of tests are carried out to evaluate the performance. For the feed cabin, the maximum RMS of the position is 14.56mm, the maximum RMS of the attitude is 0.095°, these values are less than 15mm and 0.1° as the precision for measuring the feed cabin. For the Stewart manipulator, the maximum RMS of the position is 2.99mm, the maximum RMS of the attitude is 0.093°, these values are less than 3mm and 0.1° as the precision for measuring the Stewart manipulator. As a result, the new measurement meets the requirement of measurement precision for FAST’s feed support system.