bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior tooth autotransplantation: a case series
Authors: Ong DC‐V , Dance GM 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTooth autotransplantation is the technique of transplanting embedded, impacted or erupted teeth from one site into another in the same individual. Autotransplantation can provide a long‐term, cost‐effective and biological solution for adolescent patients with congenitally missing teeth or significantly compromised teeth when a suitable donor tooth is available. Successful autotransplantation of immature teeth can offer many advantages for a growing patient, including a normally functioning periodontium, proprioception and preservation of alveolar bone volume. Even in the event that an autotransplanted tooth does eventually fail, the bone and soft tissue conditions are likely to be conducive for subsequent implant treatment. Despite the significant physiological and cost‐benefit advantages, tooth autotransplantation remains relatively underutilized, as the procedure is considered to be technique‐sensitive. Although carefully considered individual case selection and surgical skill are the critical determinants for success, advances in three‐dimensional computed tomography and rapid prototyping have the potential to simultaneously reduce the technique sensitivity and increase the predictability of the autotransplantation procedure. It is hoped that this case series will provide greater awareness and an appreciation of the tremendous value of autotransplantation for the management of patients with congenitally missing or significantly compromised posterior teeth.
Does a better diet reduce dependence on imports? The case of Tunisia
Authors: Drogue Sophie , Perignon Marlène , Darmon Nicole , Amiot Marie Josèphe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the last 40 years, Tunisia has experienced—as many other developing and emerging countries—a dietary transition, which led to an increase in the consumption of sugar, fats, and animal products. This transition was accompanied by an increase in noncommunicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Using mathematical programming, we optimized the Tunisian diet using the French dietary recommendations as constraints. Then, we used the Global Trade Analysis Project's constant elasticities of substitution in order to simulate the impact of fulfilling the nutrient recommendations on international trade and domestic supply. Using this approach, we showed that the Tunisian diet is rich in carbohydrates and sugar but lacks fibers, some minerals, and vitamins. The adherence to all recommendations would induce an imperative shift to less sugar and cereal‐based products by reducing the import dependence on these products, but would result a dramatic increase in the domestic supply of products from animal origin, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.
Potential impact of maternal vitamin D status on peripheral blood and endometrium cellular immunity in women with recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Chen Xian , Diao Lianghui , Lian Ruochun , Qi Lingbin , Yu Shuyi , Liu Su , Lin Shenglai , Xue Zhigang , Zeng Yong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProblemThis study aims to evaluate the modulatory effects of vitamin D on peripheral blood and endometrial cellular immunity in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF).Method of studyOne hundred and fifty‐four women with RIF were identified at a fertility center from January 2018 and March 2019. Blood and endometrium samples were collected during the mid‐luteal phase before IVF treatment or pregnancy. The serum vitamin D status, NK cell cytotoxicity, Th1 cytokine production, and endometrial immune cells were detected before and after vitamin D supplementation.ResultsThe NK cell cytotoxicity at an effector:target (E:T) ratio of 50:1 or 25:1 was significantly higher in vitamin D insufficiency group (VDI) than those in vitamin D normal group (VDN) (P < .05 each). The percentage of IFN‐γ‐ or TNF‐α‐producing Th cells was significantly increased in VDI or vitamin D deficiency group (VDD) when compared with VDN (P < .05 each). The percentage of CD68+ macrophages on all endometrial cells in VDI and VDD was significantly higher than in VDN (P < .05 each), while no significant differences in the percentage of other endometrial immune cells among the three groups were observed. This dysregulation was significantly reduced with vitamin D supplementation.ConclusionOur findings highlighted that vitamin D may have an important role in the regulation of not only systemic but also local immune response for optimization of maternal tolerance for implantation in women with RIF. Pre‐conception optimization of vitamin D status should be considered in women with RIF.
Internationally adopted children with and without a cleft lip and palate showed no differences in language ability at school‐age
Authors: Larsson AnnaKarin , Persson Christina , Klintö Kristina , Miniscalco Carmela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate language ability in internationally adopted children aged 7‐8 years with and without a unilateral cleft lip and palate.MethodsWe compared 27 internationally adopted children with a unilateral cleft lip and palate, adopted from China, with a group of 29 children without a cleft lip and palate, adopted from different countries. Participants were recruited from two cleft lip and palate teams in Sweden and through adoption organisations. Assessments were performed using standardised tests of speech and of receptive and expressive language ability. In addition, a parental questionnaire in which speech, language and communication aspects were rated was used.ResultsThere were no significant differences in language ability between the groups. The only difference was related to speech ability, where the internationally adopted children with unilateral cleft lip and palate scored significantly lower. However, a high proportion of children in both groups scored low on measures of expressive language compared with test norms.ConclusionThe results suggested that having a cleft lip and palate did not increase the risk of language difficulties. Instead, being internationally adopted may be associated with a risk of delayed language development lasting for several years post‐adoption.
Specifically human: Human work and care in the age of machines
Authors: Bertolaso Marta , Rocchi Marta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to show how the frequently asked question about the future of work, that is, whether human beings are going to be replaced by machines and robots, arose, and why the way such question is posed is inadequate to account for the human and social value of care professions. We discuss how the dimensions entailed in care professions are specifically human and argue that any kind of human work actually reflects them (and will reflect them in the future), irrespective of the impact of technological changes. The present argument also aims to unveil the extent of the effects of the postmodern epistemological crisis regarding the concept of work, to reformulate the question about the future of human work, and to offer a characterization of care as a specific component of human work in the age of machines.
Zero‐inflated Poisson factor model with application to microbiome read counts
Authors: Xu Tianchen , Demmer Ryan T. , Li Gen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDimension reduction of high‐dimensional microbiome data facilitates subsequent analysis such as regression and clustering. Most existing reduction methods cannot fully accommodate the special features of the data such as count‐valued and excessive zero reads. We propose a zero‐inflated Poisson factor analysis model in this paper. The model assumes that microbiome read counts follow zero‐inflated Poisson distributions with library size as offset and Poisson rates negatively related to the inflated zero occurrences. The latent parameters of the model form a low‐rank matrix consisting of interpretable loadings and low‐dimensional scores that can be used for further analyses. We develop an efficient and robust expectation‐maximization algorithm for parameter estimation. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method using comprehensive simulation studies. The application to the Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance Study provides valuable insights into the relation between subgingival microbiome and periodontal disease.
Transporting stochastic direct and indirect effects to new populations
Authors: Rudolph Kara E. , Levy Jonathan , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransported mediation effects may contribute to understanding how interventions work differently when applied to new populations. However, we are not aware of any estimators for such effects. Thus, we propose two doubly robust, efficient estimators of transported stochastic (also called randomized interventional) direct and indirect effects. We demonstrate their finite sample properties in a simulation study. We then apply the preferred substitution estimator to longitudinal data from the Moving to Opportunity Study, a large‐scale housing voucher experiment, to transport stochastic indirect effect estimates of voucher receipt in childhood on subsequent risk of mental health or substance use disorder mediated through parental employment across sites, thereby gaining understanding of drivers of the site differences.
Horseshoe‐based Bayesian nonparametric estimation of effective population size trajectories
Authors: Faulkner James R. , Magee Andrew F. , Shapiro Beth , Minin Vladimir N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhylodynamics is an area of population genetics that uses genetic sequence data to estimate past population dynamics. Modern state‐of‐the‐art Bayesian nonparametric methods for recovering population size trajectories of unknown form use either change‐point models or Gaussian process priors. Change‐point models suffer from computational issues when the number of change‐points is unknown and needs to be estimated. Gaussian process‐based methods lack local adaptivity and cannot accurately recover trajectories that exhibit features such as abrupt changes in trend or varying levels of smoothness. We propose a novel, locally adaptive approach to Bayesian nonparametric phylodynamic inference that has the flexibility to accommodate a large class of functional behaviors. Local adaptivity results from modeling the log‐transformed effective population size a priori as a horseshoe Markov random field, a recently proposed statistical model that blends together the best properties of the change‐point and Gaussian process modeling paradigms. We use simulated data to assess model performance, and find that our proposed method results in reduced bias and increased precision when compared to contemporary methods. We also use our models to reconstruct past changes in genetic diversity of human hepatitis C virus in Egypt and to estimate population size changes of ancient and modern steppe bison. These analyses show that our new method captures features of the population size trajectories that were missed by the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
A Bayes factor approach with informative prior for rare genetic variant analysis from next generation sequencing data
Authors: Xu Jingxiong , Xu Wei , Briollais Laurent 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe discovery of rare genetic variants through next generation sequencing is a very challenging issue in the field of human genetics. We propose a novel region‐based statistical approach based on a Bayes Factor (BF) to assess evidence of association between a set of rare variants (RVs) located on the same genomic region and a disease outcome in the context of case‐control design. Marginal likelihoods are computed under the null and alternative hypotheses assuming a binomial distribution for the RV count in the region and a beta or mixture of Dirac and beta prior distribution for the probability of RV. We derive the theoretical null distribution of the BF under our prior setting and show that a Bayesian control of the false Discovery Rate can be obtained for genome‐wide inference. Informative priors are introduced using prior evidence of association from a Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test statistic. We use our simulation program, sim1000G, to generate RV data similar to the 1000 genomes sequencing project. Our simulation studies showed that the new BF statistic outperforms standard methods (SKAT, SKAT‐O, Burden test) in case‐control studies with moderate sample sizes and is equivalent to them under large sample size scenarios. Our real data application to a lung cancer case‐control study found enrichment for RVs in known and novel cancer genes. It also suggests that using the BF with informative prior improves the overall gene discovery compared to the BF with noninformative prior.
Drainage response to Arabia–Eurasia collision: Insights from provenance examination of the Cyprian Kythrea flysch (Eastern Mediterranean Basin)
Authors: Shaanan Uri , Avigad Dov , Morag Navot , Güngör Talip , Gerdes Axel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Cenozoic geodynamics of the north‐eastern Mediterranean Basin have been dominated by the subduction of the African Plate under Eurasia. A trench‐parallel crustal‐scale thrust system (Misis–Kyrenia Thrust System) dissects the southern margin of the overriding plate and forms the structural grain and surface expression of northern Cyprus. Late Eocene to Miocene flysch of the Kythrea (Değirmenlik) Group is exposed throughout northern Cyprus, both at the hanging‐wall and foot‐wall of the thrust system, permitting access to an extensive Cenozoic sedimentary record of the basin. We report the results of a combined examination of detrital zircon and rutile U–Pb geochronology (572 concordant ages), coupled with Th/U ratios, Hf isotopic data and quantitative assessment of grain morphology of detrital zircon from four formations (5 samples) from the Kythrea flysch. These data provide a line of independent evidence for the existence of two different sediment transportation systems that discharged detritus into the basin between the late Eocene and late Miocene. Unique characteristics of each transport system are defined and a sediment unmixing calculation is demonstrated and explained. The first system transported almost exclusively North Gondwana‐type, Precambrian‐aged detrital zircon sourced from siliciclastic rock units in southern Anatolia. A different drainage system is revealed by the middle to late Miocene flysch sequence that is dominated by Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic‐aged detrital zircon, whose age range is consistent with the magmatic episodicity of southeast Anatolia, along the Arabia–Eurasia suture zone. Deposition of these late Miocene strata took place thereupon closure of the Tethyan Seaway and African–Eurasian faunal exchange, and overlap in time with a pronounced uplift of eastern Anatolia. Our analytical data indicate the onset of prominent suture‐parallel sediment transport from the collision zone of south‐eastern Anatolia into the Kyrenia Range of northern Cyprus, marking the drainage response to the continental collision between Arabia and Eurasia.
CD20+ tumor‐infiltrating immune cells and CD204+ M2 macrophages are associated with prognosis in thymic carcinoma
Authors: Sato Jun , Kitano Shigehisa , Motoi Noriko , Ino Yoshinori , Yamamoto Noboru , Watanabe Shunichi , Ohe Yuichiro , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThymic carcinoma is a rare malignant disease with no standard systemic chemotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), focusing on the impact of TIIC and program death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression on clinical outcomes in thymic cancer. Patients with thymic carcinoma resected between 1973 and 2017 were investigated. The tissue specimens were analyzed through immunohistochemical staining to elucidate the prognostic effects of TIIC, their ratios and PD‐L1 in a preliminary cohort (n = 10). The density of TIIC as well as PD‐L1 expression was evaluated in intraepithelial and tumor‐stromal areas on the representative whole section of tumors. The immune factors showing significant association with disease‐free survival (DFS) were evaluated in the total cohort (n = 42). TIIC in the preliminary population showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, CD8, CD20, CD204, FOXP3 and CD20/CD204 ratio demonstrated a tendency to act as predictive markers for recurrence. In the total cohort, significant differences were observed for CD8+, CD20+ and CD204+ cells in tumor islets, and for CD8+, CD20+ and FOXP3+ cells as well as the CD8/CD204 and CD20/CD204 ratios in the stroma, indicating their prognostic effect. The prognostic effect of the PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells could not be established, possibly because of intratumoral heterogeneity. CD8, CD20 and CD204 positive TIIC in stroma were identified as possible better prognostic biomarkers, considering the heterogeneity of other biomarkers. The present study paves the way for exploring strategies of combination immunotherapy targeting B cell immunity in thymic carcinoma.
Impact of uveal melanoma thickness on post‐plaque radiotherapy outcomes in the prophylactic anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor era in 1131 patients
Authors: Yang Xiaolu , Dalvin Lauren A. , Mazloumi Mehdi , Chang Michael , Shields Jerry A. , Mashayekhi Arman , Shields Carol L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImportanceThe impact of tumour thickness on radiation complications following plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma in the anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) era remains unknown.BackgroundTo evaluate treatment outcomes following plaque radiotherapy and prophylactic intravitreal bevacizumab for uveal melanoma based on initial tumour thickness.DesignThis was a retrospective, interventional case series.ParticipantsPatients with uveal melanoma were included in this study.MethodsA review of medical records was conducted of patients with uveal melanoma treated with plaque radiotherapy and prophylactic intravitreal bevacizumab from 7 July 2000 to 2 November 2018.Main outcomes measuresRadiation‐related outcomes of cystoid macular oedema (CME), radiation maculopathy, papillopathy, retinopathy, iris neovascularization (NVI) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) were compared based on tumour thickness (small [<3.0 mm] vs medium [3.1‐8.0 mm] vs large [>8.0 mm]).ResultsOf 1131 eyes, 341 (30%) had small, 633 (56%) medium and 157 (14%) large melanoma. Comparison (small vs medium vs large) at 4 years following radiotherapy revealed large melanoma with greater Kaplan‐Meier estimated risk of CME (37% vs 37% vs 63%, P < .001), earlier onset of CME (33 vs 26 vs 19 months, P < .001) and greater development of NVI (<1% vs 2% vs 13%, P < .001) and NVG (1% vs 2% vs 12%, P < .001). Radiation‐induced maculopathy, papillopathy and retinopathy were not associated with tumour thickness.Conclusions and relevanceCompared with small and medium uveal melanoma, large uveal melanoma demonstrated greater 48‐month risk for CME, shorter time to CME onset and greater development of NVI and NVG following plaque radiotherapy and prophylactic intravitreal bevacizumab.
Trends and knowledge gaps in field research investigating effects of anthropogenic noise
Authors: Jerem Paul , Mathews Fiona 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic noise is a globally widespread sensory pollutant, recognized as having potentially adverse effects on function, demography, and physiology in wild animals. Human population growth and associated changes in urbanization, transportation, and resource extraction all contribute to anthropogenic noise and are predicted to increase in the coming decades. Wildlife exposure to anthropogenic noise is expected to rise correspondingly. Data collected through field research are uniquely important in advancing understanding of the real‐world repercussions of human activity on wildlife. We, therefore, performed a systematic review of literature published from 2008 to 2018 that reported on field investigations of anthropogenic noise impacts. We evaluated publication metrics (e.g., publication rates and journal type), geographical distribution of studies, study subject, and methods used. Research activity increased markedly over the assessment period. However, there was a pronounced geographical bias in research, with most being conducted in North America or Europe, and a notable focus on terrestrial environments. Fewer than one‐fifth of terrestrial studies were located in rural areas likely to experience urbanization by 2030, meaning data on ecosystems most likely to be affected by future changes are not being gathered. There was also bias in the taxonomic groups investigated. Most research was conducted on birds and aquatic mammals, whereas terrestrial mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates received limited attention. Almost all terrestrial studies examined diurnal species, despite evidence that nocturnality is the prevailing animal activity pattern. Nearly half the studies investigated effects of road or urban noise; the bulk of research was restricted to functional, rather than physiological or demographic consequences. Few experimental studies addressed repercussions of long‐term exposure to anthropogenic noise or long‐term postexposure effects, and multiple noise types or levels were rarely compared. Tackling these knowledge gaps will be vital for successful management of the effects of increasing wildlife exposure to anthropogenic noise.
CD4+ T cell lymphopenia predicts mortality from Pneumocystis pneumonia in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Freiwald Tilo , Büttner Stefan , Cheru Nardos T. , Avaniadi Despina , Martin Simon S. , Stephan Christoph , Pliquett Rainer U. , Asbe‐Vollkopf Aida , Schüttfort Gundolf , Jacobi Volkmar , Herrmann Eva , Geiger Helmut , Hauser Ingeborg A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) remains a life‐threatening opportunistic infection after solid organ transplantation, even in the era of Pneumocystis prophylaxis. The association between risk of developing PcP and low CD4+ T cell counts has been well established. However, it is unknown whether lymphopenia in the context of post‐renal transplant PcP increases the risk of mortality.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective analysis of a cohort of kidney transplant patients with PcP (n = 49) to determine the risk factors for mortality associated with PcP. We correlated clinical and demographic data with the outcome of the disease. For CD4+ T cell counts, we used the Wilcoxon rank sum test for in‐hospital mortality and a Cox proportional‐hazards regression model for 60‐day mortality.ResultsIn univariate analyses, high CRP, high neutrophils, CD4+ T cell lymphopenia, mechanical ventilation, and high acute kidney injury network stage were associated with in‐hospital mortality following presentation with PcP. In a receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, an optimum cutoff of ≤200 CD4+ T cells/µL predicted in‐hospital mortality, CD4+ T cell lymphopenia remained a risk factor in a Cox regression model.ConclusionsLow CD4+ T cell count in kidney transplant recipients is a biomarker for disease severity and a risk factor for in‐hospital mortality following presentation with PcP.