bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors related to post-stroke depression during the first 2 weeks after stroke
Authors: Mitsunaga Wataru , Higashi Toshio , Moriuchi Takefumi , Koyanagi Masahiko , Honda Yuuichirou , Okita Minoru , Honda Sumihisa , Tateishi Youhei , Shiraishi Hirokazu , Tsujino Akira 
Published: July 2020

Introduction This study aimed to clarify factors associated with post-stroke depression in patients with acute stroke within 2 weeks of onset. Method Eighty-eight patients with stroke were divided into post-stroke depression ( n = 49) and non-post-stroke depression ( n = 39) groups based on their Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. We evaluated stroke severity, upper limb function, activities of daily living, frontal lobe/cognitive function, and level of apathy. Activity levels were measured using an ActiGraph GT9X Link system. Mann–Whitney U-tests were used to determine differences between the two groups. Spearman’s rank correlation and logistic regression analyses were also performed. Results The post-stroke depression and non-post-stroke depression groups exhibited significant differences in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at admission and discharge; Functional Independence Measure exercise items, cognitive items, and total items at admission; Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores; and Apathy Rating Scale scores. Logistic regression indicated that Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores were associated with post-stroke depression. Conclusion Stroke severity, paralysis, and physical function/activities of daily living ability are associated with post-stroke depression in the acute phase. Our findings suggest that increases in physical impairment severity are associated with increased post-stroke depression risks. Rehabilitation professionals should focus on identifying post-stroke depression in early post-stroke stages.
Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and testicular histopathology in rats exposed to heat stress
Authors: Delkhosh A , Shoorei H , Niazi V , Delashoub M , Gharamaleki M Neshat , Ahani-Nahayati M , Dehaghi Y Koohestani , Raza SHA , Taheri MM Hassanzadeh , Mohaqiq M , Abbasgholizadeh F 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Our work was aimed at investigating the impact and regulatory mechanism of coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10) on exogenous scrotal heat stress (HS)-induced testicular injuries in rats. Methods: The rats ( n = 32) were assigned into four groups: control, HS control, HS+ CoQ10, and CoQ10. To induce HS, rats’ testicles were immersed in a water bath at 43°C for 20 min, every other day for 8 weeks. Moreover, treatment with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg) immediately started before inducing HS and continued for 8 weeks. Key findings: HS decreased the activity of the testicular antioxidant system, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, while the amount of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) was increased. The index of apoptosis and mRNA expression of caspase 3 and Bax were increased, while the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD3 decreased after HS. Exposure to HS decreased the serum testosterone level but increased the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Deleterious effects of HS on the mentioned parameters were reduced when the rats were treated with CoQ10. Conclusions: CoQ10 could suppress the degenerative effects following testicular hyperthermia via its antiapoptotic, anti-inflammation, antioxidative, and androgen synthesis effects.
Early Childhood Shigellosis and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study with a Prolonged Follow-up
Authors: Merzon Eugene , Gutbir Yuval , Vinker Shlomo , Golan Cohen Avivit , Horwitz Dana , Ashkenazi Shai , Sadaka Yair 
Published: July 2020

Background: Although the short-term neurological complications of Shigella spp. are well described, potential neuropsychiatric outcomes have not been studied yet. We investigated the association between early childhood shigellosis and subsequent ADHD. Methods: This is a retrospective population-based cohort. Using a large Health Maintenance Organization database, the prevalence of ADHD was investigated among children aged 5–18 years who underwent stool culture prior to the age of 3 years. Results: Of 52,761 children with a stool culture examined, 5,269 (9.98%) had Shigella-positive results. The rate of ADHD was 10.6% and 8.6% among children with Shigella-positive and Shigella-negative stool cultures, respectively ( p < .001). Adjusted odds ratio for ADHD after controlling for gender and socioeconomic status was 1.21 (CI 1.13–1.29, p < .001). The younger the child was during Shigella gastroenteritis, the higher was the association with ADHD ( p < .001). Conclusion: Early childhood shigellosis is associated with an increased rate of long-term ADHD.
External snapping hip: classification based on magnetic resonance imaging features and clinical correlation
Authors: Kim Chul-Ho , Lee Seul Ki , Kim Jun Ho , Yoon Pil Whan 
Published: July 2020

Background: With the increasing sport population, the number of patients with external snapping hip (ESH) has also increased. To detect and visualise pathological soft tissue changes, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been 1 of the most useful modalities. However, only limited studies have investigated MRI and its clinical value in the treatment of ESH in the past. Materials and methods: Between May 2017 and November 2018, 104 patients were diagnosed with ESH at our institution. We excluded patients who did not undergo an MRI ( n = 11), had complaint of bilateral symptom ( n = 17), were not diagnosed hip problems previously (n = 2), and were lost–follow-up within 6 months ( n = 19). After applying the exclusion criteria, 55 patients remained. We classified the patients into 2 groups according–MRI findings: tensed iliotibial band (ITB) and hypertrophied gluteus maximus (GM). We investigated the clinical findings, such as mean age, symptom duration, pain score, grading based on symptom severity, and other radiological findings such as soft tissue signal change and ITB thickness. The variables were compared between the groups. Results: Between the 2 groups defined by MRI findings, the group characterised by tense ITB showed a relatively short symptom duration than the hypertrophied GM group ( p < 0.001). No significant differences in the other variables were found between the groups. Conclusions: ESH has 2 types of MRI features. Compared with the hypertrophied GM group, the tense ITB group showed a shorter symptom duration and a more reversible status.
Guide-wire replacement of a mini-midline catheter with a central venous catheter: A retrospective study on 63 cases
Authors: Brugioni Lucio , Bertellini Elisabetta , Ravazzini Mirco , Barchetti Marco , Borsatti Andrea , Martella Pietro , Girardis Massimo , Serra Francesco , Tricoli Angelo , Nicolini Matteo , Bianchini Marcello , Schepis Filippo , Tazzioli Giovanni , Pinelli Giovanni , Romagnoli Elisa , Gelmini Roberta 
Published: July 2020

Background: Achieving a reliable venous access in a particular subset of patients and/or in emergency settings can be challenging and time-consuming. Furthermore, many hospitalized patients do not meet the criteria for central venous catheter positioning, unless an upgrade of the treatment is further needed. The mini-midline catheter has already showed to be reliable and safe as a stand-alone device, since it is easily and rapidly inserted and can indwell up to 1 month. Methods: In this further case series, we retrospectively evaluated data from 63 patients where a previously inserted mini-midline catheter was upgraded to a central venous catheter (the devices inserted in the arm replaced by peripherally inserted central catheter and others inserted “off-label” in the internal jugular replaced by single lumen centrally inserted central catheter), being used as introducer for the Seldinger guidewire. Results: The guidewire replacement was been made even early (after 1 day) or late (more than 10 days), usually following a need for an upgrade in treatment. No early or late complications were reported. Conclusion: According to the preliminary data we collected, this converting procedure seems to be feasible and risk-free, since neither infectious nor thrombotic complications were reported.
Revisiting Precipitation-Induced Smoking: The Role of Hedonic Versus Utilitarian Advertising Message on Smoking-Related Intervention
Authors: Lin Chia-Wei Joy , Murshed Feisal , Zhang Yinlong 
Published: July 2020

Background: Smoking-related intervention remains an important social marketing challenge. This article investigates the role of precipitation in driving smoking initiation and, by extension, examines how the nature of the persuasive appeal of anti-smoking messages can mitigate this effect. Focus of the Article: Research and Evaluation, Insights on Social Marketing-Mix (i.e., 4Ps). Research Question: This article aimed to investigate the role of precipitation in driving smoking initiation as well as to examine how the nature of the persuasive appeal of anti-smoking messages might moderate this effect. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: This research extends prior literature exploring how external factors might impact cigarette consumption. Also, this study brings a new understanding regarding the role of affect in everyday consumption and enriches the literature studying downstream consequences of negative affect and emotion regulation. Moreover, this research contributes to the theory of consumption motive and yields managerial implications into the social marketing domain regarding curbing precipitation-induced smoking. Methods: This research utilizes a survey (Study 1) and a controlled laboratory experiment (Study 2). Results: The results provide converging evidence that precipitation tends to induce one’s negative mood, which in turn triggers urges to smoke (Study 1—marginally significant main effect of weather: p = .058). Furthermore, the hedonic (vs. utilitarian) anti-smoking message is more likely to mitigate the precipitation-induced cigarette smoking (Study 2—significant interaction between weather and persuasion type: p = .04). Recommendations for Research or Practice: This research deepens the understanding of how natural environment, and precipitation, in particular, is linked to cigarette-smoking behavior and contributes to the literature on cigarette consumption and affect regulation. For social marketers and policy makers, the findings offer actionable insights into leveraging social marketing-mix (i.e., 4Ps) in the context of smoking-related interventions. Limitations: Conceptualization of negative mood was broad. Future research should investigate the specific types of negative moods (e.g., anger, depression, sadness) for a more nuanced understanding of the precipitation effect.
Knee Joint Distraction as Treatment for Osteoarthritis Results in Clinical and Structural Benefit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Limited Number of Studies and Patients Available
Authors: Jansen Mylène P. , Boymans Tim A.E.J. , Custers Roel J.H. , Van Geenen Rutger C.I. , Van Heerwaarden Ronald J. , Huizinga Maarten R. , Nellensteijn Jorm M. , Sollie Rob , Spruijt Sander , Mastbergen Simon C. 
Published: July 2020

Objective Knee joint distraction (KJD) is a joint-preserving osteoarthritis treatment that may postpone a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in younger patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates short- and long-term clinical benefit and tissue structure changes after KJD. Design MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for eligible clinical studies evaluating at least one of the primary parameters: WOMAC, VAS-pain, KOOS, EQ5D, radiographic joint space width or MRI cartilage thickness after KJD. Random effects models were applied on all outcome parameters and outcomes were compared with control groups found in the included studies. Results Eleven articles reporting on 7 different KJD cohorts with in total 127 patients and 5 control groups with multiple follow-up moments were included, of which 2 were randomized controlled trials. Significant improvements in all primary parameters were found and benefit lasted up to at least 9 years. Overall, outcomes were comparable with control groups, including high tibial osteotomy, although TKA showed better clinical response. Conclusions Current, still limited, evidence shows KJD causes clear benefit in clinical and structural parameters, both short- and long-term. Longer follow-up with more patients is necessary, to validate outcome and to potentially improve patient selection for this intensive treatment. Thus far, for younger knee osteoarthritis patients, KJD may be an option to consider.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of incident chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kaps Leonard , Labenz Christian , Galle Peter R , Weinmann‐Menke Julia , Kostev Karel , Schattenberg Jörn M 
Published: July 2020

Background and aimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disease. Its role in the development of extrahepatic co‐morbidities is under investigation. The impact of NAFLD on the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to explore the potential contribution of NAFLD on CKD in Germany.MethodsThe Disease Analyzer Database covering 7.49 million cases in Germany was explored for patients diagnosed with NAFLD between 2000 and 2015 and was matched 1:1 to a cohort without NAFLD. Matching criteria included age, sex, physician, index year and co‐diagnoses associated with CKD. The primary outcomes of this study were incidences of CKD and end‐stage renal disease.ResultsA total of 48,057 patients with NAFLD were matched to 48,057 patients without NAFLD. Within 10 years of the index date, 17.1% of patients with NAFLD and 11.6% of patients without NAFLD were diagnosed with CKD (p  < 0.001). On Cox regression analysis, NAFLD was significantly associated with the incidence of CKD (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.58, p  < 0.001). This association remained significant across different age groups and subgroups such as patients with diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension. There was no association between NAFLD and emerging dialysis therapy (HR = 1.25, p  = 0.245).ConclusionsIn this large database analysis in Germany, NAFLD constitutes an independent risk factor for CKD. Patients living with NAFLD should be monitored for a change in kidney function, facilitating therapeutic measures for kidney disease at an early stage.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on orthopaedic specialty in Malaysia: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Teo Seow Hui , Abd Rahim Mohd Rashdan , Nizlan Nasir M 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: This study aims to investigate further how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting orthopaedic surgeon in Malaysia in terms of exposure, general perceptions of risk, and the impact on their current and future practice. Methods: Orthopaedic surgeons nationwide were invited through email and text messages to answer an online self-administered questionnaire collecting demographic information, COVID-19 exposure experience, perception of risk, and impact on orthopaedic practice. Results: Of the respondents, 4.7% and 14.0% were involved in frontline treatment for COVID-19 patients with non-orthopaedic and orthopaedic problem, respectively. Respondents working in Ministry of Health had highest percentage of involvement as frontliner, 7.8% (8/103) and 20.4% (21/103) for non-orthopaedic and orthopaedic related COVID-19 treatment, respectively (not significant). Their main concern was an infection of family members (125/235, 53.2%). Majority of respondents were still working (223/235, 94.9%), running outpatient clinics (168/223, 75.3%), and continued with their semi-emergency (190/223, 85.2%) and emergency surgeries (213/223, 95.5%). Of the surgeons, 11.2% (25/223) did not screen their patients for COVID-19 prior to elective surgeries, 30.9% (69/223) did not have any training on proper handling of personal protective equipment (PPE), 84.8% (189/223) make decision to manage more conservatively due to COVID-19 and 61.9% (138/223) had their income affected. Of the surgeons, 19.3% (43/223) started using telehealth facilities. Conclusion: Direct exposure to treatment of COVID-19 patients among the respondent is low and the main concern was infecting their family member. There are still several surgeons who did not conduct preoperative COVID-19 screening and practice without proper PPE training.
Effect of Sex on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury–Related Biomechanics During the Cutting Maneuver in Preadolescent Athletes
Authors: Petrovic Milos , Sigurðsson Haraldur B. , Sigurðsson Hjálmar J. , Sveinsson Thorarinn , Briem Kristín 
Published: July 2020

Background: There are 2 movement patterns associated with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury: dynamic valgus and stiff landing. Although sex-dependent differences have been identified for adults, less is known for preadolescent athletes regarding movement patterns known to load the ACL. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that girls would demonstrate greater vertical ground reaction forces and knee valgus angles. We further hypothesized that the exercise intervention would affect girls more than boys and that this would primarily be demonstrated in less sagittal plane excursions, increased vertical ground reaction forces and knee valgus moments for girls than for boys. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Male and female soccer and handball players (n = 288; age range, 9-12 years) were recruited. A motion capture system synchronized to a force platform was used to record 5 trials of a cutting maneuver before and after a 5-minute fatigue intervention. Linear mixed models were constructed, and analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in outcomes associated with the sex of the athletes. Results: Boys showed greater peak knee valgus moment (0.26 vs 0.22 N·m/kg, respectively; P = .048), peak knee internal rotation moment (–0.13 vs –0.10 N·m/kg, respectively; P = .021), knee rotation excursion (–7.9° vs –6.9°, respectively; P = .014), and knee extension excursion (2.7° vs 1.4°, respectively; P < .001) compared with that in girls. A significant sex × fatigue intervention interaction ( F = 7.6; P = .006) was found, which was caused by a greater increase in first peak vertical ground-reaction force (vGRF) from before to after the fatigue intervention for girls (15.3 to 16.0 N/kg) compared with boys (16.4 to 16.5 N/kg). Conclusion: Differences detected for biomechanical factors during the cutting maneuver do not point to a greater ACL injury risk for prepubescent or early pubescent girls than for boys. Nonetheless, girls go on to develop more detrimental movement patterns in adolescence than those in boys in terms of biomechanical risk factors. Clinical Relevance: Early adolescence is a good target age to learn and develop muscular control; balance, strength; flexibility; and jumping, running, and landing control. This time of physical and athletic growth may therefore be an appropriate period to influence biomechanical factors and thereby task execution and the injury risk.
Preclerkship Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Image Acquisition and Clinical Transferability
Authors: Khoury Michel , Fotsing Salomon , Jalali Alireza , Chagnon Nicolas , Malherbe Stéphanie , Youssef Nermine 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The integration of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in preclerkship medical education is currently popular and based on the notion that POCUS may improve diagnostic and procedural skills in medical students. However, empirical evidence demonstrating that POCUS can enhance clinical skills in preclerkship students has been lacking. We sought to evaluate anatomical sonographic knowledge and ultrasound generation capabilities associated with the implementation of a 3-h echocardiography training camp led by 2 emergency physicians and using a flipped classroom design. Methods: Preclerkship students from the University of Ottawa (n = 32) were recruited to participate. A flipped classroom model was adopted, providing students with a 3-chaptered peer-designed, expert validated ultrasound manual before the workshop, to maximize scanning times (2 h of reading). A pretest Likert-type design was used to assess student perception of the ultrasound tool. Similarly, a pretest/post-test model was used to assess sonographic anatomical identification. In addition, a subsequent Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) test was done 3 weeks after the hands-on session, to evaluate image generation (4 cardiac views: parasternal long, parasternal short, subxiphoid, and apical 4 chambers), understanding of knobology and structural labeling. Results: For the sonographic anatomy, there was a statistically significant increase ( P < .001) between pretest (average = 12.12) and post-test (average = 18.85). The OSCE, which also ascertained knowledge retention, found that 81% of students were able to generate all 4 cardiac views perfectly, 6% were able to obtain 3 views, 10% obtained 2 views and 3% successfully generated a single view. The most challenging scan to generate was the apical 4-chamber view. Conclusion: The positive outcomes stemming from this study reinforces the notion that formal curricular integration of POCUS at the preclerkship level has tangible benefits for medical students.
Identification by TCGA database search of five genes that are aberrantly expressed and involved in hepatocellular carcinoma potentially via DNA methylation changes
Authors: Matsushita Junya , Suzuki Takehiro , Okamura Kazuyuki , Ichihara Gaku , Nohara Keiko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Various treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are utilized in clinical practice; however, the prognosis is still poor on account of high recurrence rates. DNA methylation levels of CpG islands around promoters (promoter CpGis) inversely regulate gene expression and closely involved in carcinogenesis. As a new strategy, several chemicals globally inhibiting DNA methylation have been developed aiming at reducing DNA methylation levels and maintaining the expression of tumor suppressor genes. On the other hand, since these drugs nonspecifically modify DNA methylation, they can cause serious adverse effects. In order to ameliorate the methods by targeting specific CpGs, information of cancer-related genes that are regulated by DNA methylation is required.

Methods
We searched candidate genes whose expressions were regulated by DNA methylation of promoter CpGi and which are involved in HCC cases. To do so, we first identified genes whose expression were changed in HCC by comparing gene expressions of 371 HCC tissues and 41 non-tumor tissues using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The genes were further selected for poor prognosis by log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier plot and for cancer relevance by Pubmed search. Expression profiles of upregulated genes in HCC tissues were assessed by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Finally, using DNA methylation data of TCGA database, we selected genes whose promoter DNA methylation levels were inversely correlated with gene expression.

Results
We found 115 genes which were significantly up- or downregulated in HCC tissues and were associated with poor prognosis and cancer relevance. The upregulated genes were significantly enriched in cell division, cell cycle, and cell proliferation. Among the upregulated genes in HCC, we identified hypomethylation of CpGis around promoters of FANCB, KIF15, KIF4A, ERCC6L, and UBE2C. In addition, TCGA data showed that the tumor suppressor gene P16 is unexpectedly overexpressed in many types of cancers.

Conclusions
We identified five candidate genes whose expressions were regulated by DNA methylation of promoter CpGi and associate with cancer cases and poor prognosis in HCC. Modification of site-specific DNA methylation of these genes enables a different approach for HCC treatment with higher selectivity and lower adverse effects.