bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of wave forces acting on the box-girder superstructure of coastal bridges in the submerged condition based on potential flow theory
Authors: Huang Bo , Ren Qingyang , Cui Xiaolu , Zhang Jiawei , Zhu Bing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe box-girder superstructure of coastal bridges is vulnerable to wave-induced damage in the case of small clearances. The analytical method for estimating the wave forces on the box-girder superstructure of coastal bridges is proposed based on the potential flow theory in this paper. The two-dimension problem of the box-girder superstructure under the wave action is defined with some necessary simplifications first. Then, the analytical solutions are solved by the eigenfunction matching method, and the wave force on the submerged box-girder superstructure is calculated using the Bernoulli principle. After validating the accuracy of the proposed method by previous calculations and the experimental test, the influences of the girder type and structural configuration on the wave forces of submerged box-girder are conducted using the proposed analytical method. The results show that the girder type has a significant effect on the wave forces of the submerged superstructure, and the influence of various structural parameters should be considered comprehensively in the structural safety design under wave actions. The results of the present study can provide a useful reference for the estimation of wave forces and the structural design of the box-girder superstructure of coastal bridges.
Out-of-Pocket Costs for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Patient Outcomes in EGFR- and ALK-Positive Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Goulart Bernardo H.L. , Unger Joseph M. , Chennupati Shasank , Fedorenko Catherine R. , Ramsey Scott D. 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE: We investigated the association of out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with overall survival (OS) in epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR)- and anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK)-positive advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We secondarily investigated associations of TKI OOP costs with TKI adherence, duration of therapy (DOT), and TKI discontinuation. METHODS: We used the Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research registry-claims database to identify patients with stage IV EGFR- or ALK-positive NSCLC; ≥ 1 claims for EGFR or ALK TKIs; and ≥ 3-month survival from TKI initiation. We estimated the average monthly TKI OOP costs per patient up to 3 months from TKI initiation, categorizing patients into quartiles of TKI OOP costs (Q1 < Q2 < Q3 < Q4). We conducted landmark analysis at 3 months from TKI initiation to compare Q1-3 v Q4 TKI OOP costs with respect to OS, TKI DOT, TKI adherence, and TKI discontinuation. RESULTS: Seventy-eight and twenty-seven patients comprised the Q1-3 and Q4 groups, respectively. Median monthly TKI OOP costs were $1,431 (Q1-3) v $2,888 (Q4). Compared with Q1-3, Q4 patients had inferior OS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.85; [95% CI, 1.11 to 3.10], similar TKI DOT (adjusted HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.53 to 2.15), decreased TKI adherence (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.76), and higher TKI discontinuation rate (adjusted OR, 8.75; 95% CI, 2.59 to 29.52). CONCLUSION: Among patients with advanced EGFR- and ALK-positive NSCLC, higher TKI OOP costs are associated with decreased TKI adherence, a higher likelihood of TKI discontinuation, and inferior survival.
The Nexus of Endocrine Signaling and Cancer: How Steroid Hormones Influence Genomic Stability
Authors: Ganguly Shinjini , Naik Divya , Muskara Andrew , Mian Omar Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Endocrine-driven malignancies, including breast and prostate cancer, are among the most common human cancers. The relationship between sex steroid hormones (eg, androgen, estrogen, and progesterone), their cognate receptors, and genomic stability lie at the center of endocrine-driven cancer development, progression, and therapeutic resistance. A variety of direct and indirect mechanisms have been described that link steroid hormone signaling to the loss of genomic integrity that drives early carcinogenesis. These effects are often enriched within endocrine receptor cistromes, accounting for the high proportion of mutations and rearrangements in the region of hormone response elements. In other cases, the effects are generalized and rely on a complex array of genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic interactions. Both androgen and estrogen receptors directly modulate the DNA damage response by trans-activating DNA damage response genes and redirecting the cellular repair machinery in the wake of genotoxic stress. Here we review the key mechanistic underpinnings of the relationship between sex steroid hormone receptors and genomic stability. In addition, we summarize emerging research in this area and discuss important implications for cancer prevention and treatment.
Retinal ganglion cell interactions shape the developing mammalian visual system
Authors: D'Souza Shane , Lang Richard A. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) serve as a crucial communication channel from the retina to the brain. In the adult, these cells receive input from defined sets of presynaptic partners and communicate with postsynaptic brain regions to convey features of the visual scene. However, in the developing visual system, RGC interactions extend beyond their synaptic partners such that they guide development before the onset of vision. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of how interactions between RGCs and their environment influence cellular targeting, migration and circuit maturation during visual system development. We describe the roles of RGC subclasses in shaping unique developmental responses within the retina and at central targets. Finally, we highlight the utility of RNA sequencing and genetic tools in uncovering RGC type-specific roles during the development of the visual system.
SetDB1 and Su(var)3-9 play non-overlapping roles in somatic cell chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kalashnikova Darya A. , Maksimov Daniil A. , Romanov Stanislav E. , Laktionov Petr P. , Koryakov Dmitry E. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We explored functional roles of two H3K9-specific histone methyltransferases of Drosophila melanogaster, SetDB1 (also known as Eggless) and Su(var)3-9. Using the DamID approach, we generated the binding profile for SetDB1 in Drosophila salivary gland chromosomes, and matched it to the profile of Su(var)3-9. Unlike Su(var)3-9, SetDB1 turned out to be an euchromatic protein that is absent from repeated DNA compartments, and is largely restricted to transcription start sites (TSSs) and 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTRs) of ubiquitously expressed genes. Significant SetDB1 association is also observed at binding sites for the insulator protein CP190. SetDB1 and H3K9 di- and tri-methylated (me2 and me3)-enriched sites tend to display poor overlap. At the same time, SetDB1 has a clear connection with the distribution of H3K27me3 mark. SetDB1 binds outside the domains possessing this modification, and about half of the borders of H3K27me3 domains are decorated by SetDB1 together with actively transcribed genes. On the basis of poor correlation between the distribution of SetDB1 and H3K9 methylation marks, we speculate that, in somatic cells, SetDB1 may contribute to the methylation of a broader set of chromosomal proteins than just H3K9. In addition, SetDB1 can be expected to play a role in the establishment of chromatin functional domains.
Effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats: a prelimary study
Authors: Sufarnap Erliera , Siregar Darmayanti , Lindawati Yumi 
Published: December 2020

Background: Tooth movement induced by the application of orthodontic force was initiated by inflammatory process. Studies have shown that vitamin E has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which perhaps could inhibit the tooth to move. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n=56) were divided into two groups. Group 1 served as the control groups, while group 2 was given vitamin E for 14 days before application of orthodontic force. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n=7), corresponding to the number of days orthodontic force lasted, i.e. 0, 1, 3, 7 days. At each of these four time points, distance measurements and quantity of osteoblasts-osteoclasts were measured in each rat. Results: Tooth movement distance was increased for group 2 than group 1 for all time intervals, but this difference was only statistically different on day 3 (p=0.001). For both groups, tooth movement was significantly different between each time interval in each group (p=0.041). The mean number of osteoblast cells was increased for group 2 compared to group 1 for all time intervals (p<0.05), but was not significant different between time intervals (p=0.897). The number of osteoclasts was not significantly different between groups, but it was statistically different between time intervals (p=0.004). Conclusion: The outcome of this study demonstrated that group 2 resulted a better tooth movement compared to group 1 and significantly found on day 3, based on the distance measurement. The osteoclast cell numbers were the same within both control groups, whilst the number of osteoblast cells in group 2 was significantly higher than those in group 1.
Clash of the pandemics – At least 150’000 adults in Switzerland suffer from obesity grades 2 or 3 and are thus at elevated risk for severe COVID-19
Authors: Staub Kaspar , Matthes Katarina L. , Rühli Frank , Bender Nicole 
Published: December 2020

Background: Grade 2 and 3 obesity, alongside with other relevant risk factors, are substantially and independently associated with adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, for Switzerland, due to the lack of synthesis studies, it is currently unknown how many people are affected by obesity at all. This knowledge may help to better estimate the relevance and size of this group at elevated risk, which could be incorporated into strategies to protect risk groups during the still unfolding COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to provide a first overall estimation of how many people in Switzerland are currently affected by grade 2 or 3 obesity. Methods: Five representative national population-based studies were accessed which were conducted between 2012 and 2017 and which include data on height and weight of adult men and women in Switzerland. Results: In Switzerland in 2012-2017, among the 11.20% adults who were obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥30.0kg/m2), 1.76% (95% CI 1.50-2.02) suffered from grade 2 obesity (BMI 35.0-39.9 kg/m2), and 0.58% (95% CI 0.50-0.66) from grade severe 3 obesity (BMI ≥40.0 kg/m2). Converted into estimated absolute population numbers, this corresponds to a total of approximately n=154,515 people who suffer from grade 2 or 3 obesity (n=116,216 and n=38,298, respectively). Conclusions: This risk group includes many younger people in Switzerland. The number of people with obesity-related risk becomes 3.8 to 13.6 times higher if grade 1 obesity and overweight people are also included in this risk group, for which there are arguments arising in the latest literature. In general, this large group at risk for severe COVID-19 should be given more attention and support. If it is confirmed that obesity plays a major role in severe COVID-19 courses, then every kilo of body weight that is not gained or that is lost in lockdown counts.
Tail-Heaviness, Asymmetry, and Profitability Forecasting by Quantile Regression
Authors: Tian Hui , Yim Andrew , Newton David P. 
Published: December 2020

We show that quantile regression is better than ordinary-least-squares (OLS) regression in forecasting profitability for a range of profitability measures following the conventional setup of the accounting literature, including the mean absolute forecast error (MAFE) evaluation criterion. Moreover, we perform both a simulated-data and an archival-data analysis to examine how the forecasting performance of quantile regression against OLS changes with the shape of the profitability distribution. Considering the MAFE and mean squared forecast error (MSFE) criteria together, we see that the quantile regression is more accurate relative to OLS when the profitability to be forecast has a heavier-tailed distribution. In addition, the asymmetry of the profitability distribution has either a U-shape or an inverted-U-shape effect on the forecasting accuracy of quantile regression. An application of the distributional shape analysis framework to cash flow forecasting demonstrates the usefulness of the framework beyond profitability forecasting, providing additional empirical evidence on the positive effect of tail-heaviness and supporting the notion of an inverted-U-shape effect of asymmetry.This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
Extemporaneous Coordination in Specialist Teams: The Familiarity Complementarity
Authors: Ching Kenny , Forti Enrico , Rawley Evan 
Published: December 2020

Team production is ubiquitous in the economy, but managing teams effectively remains a challenge for many organizations. This paper studies how familiarity among teammates influences the performance of specialist teams, relative to nonspecialist teams. Applying theories of team production to contexts where team members coordinate interdependent activities extemporaneously, we develop predictions about factors that shift the marginal returns to specialization along two dimensions of familiarity: social familiarity and functional familiarity. We test our hypotheses in the context of Defence of the Ancients 2 (DOTA2), a major e-sports game where, in some formats, players are exogenously assigned to five-person teams. After analyzing nearly 6.5 million matches, we find that specialist teams are relatively more successful when members are more socially and functionally familiar with one another. The results suggest that the plug-and-play perspective on specialist teams is incomplete; rather, specialization and familiarity are complements in dynamic environments where team members coordinate extemporaneously. Funded: Financial support from the UCL School of Management and Worcester Polytechnic Institute is gratefully acknowledged.
Synovial fluid interleukin-6 is not superior to cell count and differential in the detection of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Mihalič René , Zdovc Jurij , Brumat Peter , Trebše Rihard 
Published: December 2020

Aims Synovial fluid white blood cell (WBC) count and percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (%PMN) are elevated at periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Leucocytes produce different interleukins (IL), including IL-6, so we hypothesized that synovial fluid IL-6 could be a more accurate predictor of PJI than synovial fluid WBC count and %PMN. The main aim of our study was to compare the predictive performance of all three diagnostic tests in the detection of PJI. Methods Patients undergoing total hip or knee revision surgery were included. In the perioperative assessment phase, synovial fluid WBC count, %PMN, and IL-6 concentration were measured. Patients were labeled as positive or negative according to the predefined cut-off values for IL-6 and WBC count with %PMN. Intraoperative samples for microbiological and histopathological analysis were obtained. PJI was defined as the presence of sinus tract, inflammation in histopathological samples, and growth of the same microorganism in a minimum of two or more samples out of at least four taken. Results In total, 49 joints in 48 patients (mean age 68 years (SD 10; 26 females (54%), 25 knees (51%)) were included. Of these 11 joints (22%) were infected. The synovial fluid WBC count and %PMN predicted PJI with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of 82%, 97%, 94%, 90%, and 95%, respectively. Synovial fluid IL-6 predicted PJI with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of 73%, 95%, 90%, 80%, and 92%, respectively. A comparison of predictive performance indicated a strong agreement between tests. Conclusions Synovial fluid IL-6 is not superior to synovial fluid WBC count and %PMN in detecting PJI. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level II Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2020;1-12:737–742.
Over 10  W linearly polarized supercontinuum directly produced in an erbium-doped fiber MOPA seeded with stretched soliton
Authors: Shen Rong , Fang Hong , Zhao Junqing , Ouyang Deqin , Wang Meng , Wu Xu , Ruan Shuangchen 
Published: December 2020

We experimentally achieve over 10 W linearly polarized supercontinuum (SC) generation in a polarization-maintaining (PM) erbium-doped fiber (EDF) master oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA). The house-built PM seeding EDF laser can deliver

∼

209

f
s

soliton around

∼

1563.7

n
m

, which is then stretched to

>

15

p
s

using a long piece of normal-dispersion fiber. The wideband spectrum of the ultrashort seeding soliton facilitates the further spectral broadening with nonlinear effects. The soliton stretching decelerates the peak power increase, thus facilitating higher amplified average power. After several stages of pre-amplification, the stretched soliton is fed into the main amplifier constructed with PM large mode area fibers. The output average power is finally amplified to

∼

11.51

W

. The corresponding spectrum spans from

∼

1450

to

∼

2200

n
m

, indicating that SC is formed due to the induced strong nonlinear effects. The polarization extinction ratio at the output reaches over 18 dB. The PM characteristic potentially enhances the system’s resistance to environmental disturbances and eliminates instabilities relating to polarization-mode coupling. Our result represents, so far, the highest SC power directly produced in an EDF MOPA, to the best of our knowledge, especially in a linearly polarized manner. This also suggests a scheme for powerful SC generation that employs direct laser diode pumping and duration-managed pulse seeding.
Proposal for noise-free visible-telecom quantum frequency conversion through third-order sum and difference frequency generation
Authors: Lu Xiyuan , Moille Gregory , Rao Ashutosh , Srinivasan Kartik 
Published: December 2020

Quantum frequency conversion (QFC) between the visible and telecom is a key to connect quantum memories in fiber-based quantum networks. Current methods for linking such widely separated frequencies, such as sum/difference frequency generation and four-wave mixing Bragg scattering, are prone to broadband noise generated by the pump laser(s). To address this issue, we propose to use third-order sum/difference frequency generation (TSFG/TDFG) for an upconversion/downconversion QFC interface. In this process, two long wavelength pump photons combine their energy and momentum to mediate frequency conversion across the large spectral gap between the visible and telecom bands, which is particularly beneficial from the noise perspective. We show that waveguide-coupled silicon nitride microring resonators can be designed for efficient QFC between 606 and 1550 nm via a 1990 nm pump through TSFG/TDFG. We simulate the device dispersion and coupling, and from the simulated parameters, estimate that the frequency conversion can be efficient (

) at 50 mW pump power. Our results suggest that microresonator TSFG/TDFG is promising for compact, scalable, and low-power QFC across large spectral gaps.
152 km-range single-ended distributed acoustic sensor based on inline optical amplification and a micromachined enhanced-backscattering fiber
Authors: Masoudi Ali , Beresna Martynas , Brambilla Gilberto 
Published: December 2020

In this Letter, a distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) with a sensing range in excess of 150 km is reported. This extended sensing range is achieved by adding a low-loss enhanced-backscattering fiber at the far end of a standard single-mode fiber. A conventional DAS system along with inline optical amplifiers are used to interrogate the sensing fiber. The combined system exhibits a minimum detectable strain of 40 n

ε

at 1 Hz over a spatial resolution of 5 m.
Common maternal and fetal genetic variants show expected polygenic effects on risk of small- or large-for-gestational-age (SGA or LGA), except in the smallest 3% of babies
Authors: Beaumont Robin N. , Kotecha Sarah J. , Wood Andrew R. , Knight Bridget A. , Sebert Sylvain , McCarthy Mark I. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Timpson Nicholas J. , Freathy Rachel M. , Kotecha Sailesh 
Published: December 2020

Babies born clinically Small- or Large-for-Gestational-Age (SGA or LGA; sex- and gestational age-adjusted birth weight (BW) <10th or >90th percentile, respectively), are at higher risks of complications. SGA and LGA include babies who have experienced environment-related growth-restriction or overgrowth, respectively, and babies who are heritably small or large. However, the relative proportions within each group are unclear. We assessed the extent to which common genetic variants underlying variation in birth weight influence the probability of being SGA or LGA. We calculated independent fetal and maternal genetic scores (GS) for BW in 11,951 babies and 5,182 mothers. These scores capture the direct fetal and indirect maternal (via intrauterine environment) genetic contributions to BW, respectively. We also calculated maternal fasting glucose (FG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) GS. We tested associations between each GS and probability of SGA or LGA. For the BW GS, we used simulations to assess evidence of deviation from an expected polygenic model.
Higher BW GS were strongly associated with lower odds of SGA and higher odds of LGA (ORfetal = 0.75 (0.71,0.80) and 1.32 (1.26,1.39); ORmaternal = 0.81 (0.75,0.88) and 1.17 (1.09,1.25), respectively per 1 decile higher GS). We found evidence that the smallest 3% of babies had a higher BW GS, on average, than expected from their observed birth weight (assuming an additive polygenic model: Pfetal = 0.014, Pmaternal = 0.062). Higher maternal SBP GS was associated with higher odds of SGA P = 0.005.
We conclude that common genetic variants contribute to risk of SGA and LGA, but that additional factors become more important for risk of SGA in the smallest 3% of babies.