bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass and cardiac valve surgery
Authors: Churyla Andrei , Desai Anand , Kruse Jane , Cox James , McCarthy Patrick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSurgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in conjunction with other cardiac surgery is now a class I guideline recommendation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the concomitant surgical ablation of AF can be performed safely and effectively during valve and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) resulting in a return to sinus rhythm postoperatively and improved long‐term results. However, the surgical ablation of AF at the time of other cardiac surgery is performed less often than it should be, especially in patients undergoing CABG and aortic valve surgery. Randomized‐controlled trials designed to determine the effect of treating AF concomitantly with other cardiac surgical procedures have lacked long‐term follow up, but multiple, large observational studies have demonstrated an improved quality of life, a decrease in long‐term strokes, and improved late survival in patients who undergo AF ablation. However, the potential survival benefit of concomitant AF ablation was not addressed by either the Society of Thoracic Surgery or American Association for Thoracic Surgery guideline committees. Left atrial appendage closure is an important part of the surgical ablation of AF as it significantly reduces the long‐term risk of stroke following cardiac surgery and improves the success of AF treatment. In this study, we update the electrophysiology and surgical community on the recommended surgical techniques for AF ablation and its effect on perioperative morbidity, perioperative mortality, as well as its long‐term effects on stroke, quality of life, and survival.
Accelerated aging of grape pomace vinegar by using additives combined with physical methods
Authors: Dong Zhou Yong , Liu Yin , Xu Min , Zhang Tie Hua , Ren Hui , Liu Wei , Li Meng Yao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract(a) High‐quality vinegar is traditionally produced by aging in barrels, but this process is time‐consuming and costly. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of three novel aging techniques, including additives combined with ultrasound, with microwave, or with heating. (b) The contents of esters, amino acid nitrogen, and non‐volatile acids were evaluated. The effects of aging techniques on the color and aroma components of grape pomace vinegar were also studied. (c) It was found the ester contents significantly increased and more aroma components accumulated under three aging techniques, especially the additives combined with ultrasound. The total ester content of grape pomace vinegar treated by the additives combined with ultrasound increased by 42.2% compared with natural aging at 16°C for 180 days. (d) Therefore, the additives combined with ultrasound can be applied as a reliable technique to accelerate the aging process of grape pomace vinegar.Practical ApplicationGrape pomace is the main by‐product of the wine and grape juice industry, and contains rich nutrient and bioactive components. Conventional aging methods are time‐consuming and unable to maintain the original color and acidity of vinegar. The aging technique of additives (glucose, ethanol, and calcium chloride) combined with ultrasound can accelerate the aging of grape pomace vinegar and enhance the properties. This combined technique theoretically underlies the practical application of grape resources and supports the development of grape pomace vinegar with health care function.
Contribution to a renewed framework for analysing the interactions between family and capitalist agriculture
Authors: Pédelahore Philippe , Uwizeyimana Laurien , Wainaina Juliet , Toko Claude , Vaast Philippe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe examine whether current assumptions concerning the declining resilience of family farming and the growing influence of capitalist forms of agricultural production are being confirmed in the cocoa sector of Cameroon and the coffee sector of Kenya. This study is based on surveys of 181 family and capitalist farmers. Our results indicate that the capitalist approach is being consolidated on former colonial coffee estates in Kenya and on the cocoa pioneer front in Cameroon. This study also shows that in areas with a long history of family farming, family forms are showing good resilience due to a diversification of activities and sources of income, especially nonagricultural ones, and the patrimonialization of the land. Finally, this study proposes a framework for analysing the interactions between family and capitalist agriculture and their respective multisectorial strategies. For family farming, these strategies are based on work force mobility, whereas for capitalist agriculture, they are based on financial capital mobility.
Understanding HIV‐positive drug users’ experiences of taking highly active antiretroviral treatment: Identity–Values–Conscious engagement model
Authors: Ho Szu‐Szu , Stenhouse Rosie , Holloway Aisha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo explore HIV‐positive drug users’ experiences of taking antiretroviral medications in Taiwan and further develop a conceptual model that can be used to understand their adherence to the long‐term treatment.BackgroundThe global vision of ending AIDS by 2030 cannot be achieved without addressing HIV‐positive drug users’ experience of taking antiretroviral treatment. There remains a paucity of qualitative evidence on HIV‐positive drug users’ experiences of taking antiretroviral medications globally and in East Asia. Nurses play a key role in supporting HIV‐positive drug users throughout their treatment process. Therefore, it is pivotal to understand HIV‐positive drug users’ experiences of managing long‐term anti‐HIV treatment.DesignThis qualitative study drew on a constructivist grounded theory approach to achieve the aims. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 22 HIV‐positive drug users were conducted in Taiwan between September 2015 and July 2016. Data were analysed using Charmaz's coding principles. The integration and formation of the model began with focused coding and proceeded through the subsequent analytic process. The reporting of this study was based on the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.ResultsThis study shows that integrating HIV‐positive identity into sense of self laid a solid foundation for the acceptance of self and antiretroviral treatment. Valuing of antiretroviral treatment played a central role in driving their medication‐taking behaviour. While valuing the treatment appeared to drive participants’ behavioural change, data revealed that conscious engagement was an important element for their behaviour maintenance.ConclusionThe evidence from this study can extend our knowledge of the mechanisms that influence the change and maintenance of HIV‐positive drug users’ adherence to antiretroviral treatment.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Identity–Values–Conscious engagement model developed and proposed in this study can serve as a guide for the development of tailored adherence assessment and associated nursing interventions for this population.
What Matters to Individual Investors? Evidence from the Horse's Mouth
Authors: CHOI JAMES J. , ROBERTSON ADRIANA Z. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWe survey a representative sample of U.S. individuals about how well leading academic theories describe their financial beliefs and decisions. We find substantial support for many factors hypothesized to affect portfolio equity share, particularly background risk, investment horizon, rare disasters, transactional factors, and fixed costs of stock market participation. Individuals tend to believe that past mutual fund performance is a good signal of stock‐picking skill, actively managed funds do not suffer from diseconomies of scale, value stocks are safer and do not have higher expected returns, and high‐momentum stocks are riskier and do have higher expected returns.
Food Waste as a Classic Problem that Calls for Interdisciplinary Solutions: A Case Study Illustration
Authors: Saber Deborah A. , Silka Linda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn 2015, the United States generated over 250 million tons of municipal solid waste. Of this, food products comprised nearly 15% of this waste. Food waste is a major contributor to greenhouse gasses and subsequent climate change. Ongoing examination from the vantage of multiple academic disciplines is needed to understand and work toward solutions for this “wicked” problem. The University of Maine's interdisciplinary Materials Management team, composed of a psychologist, nurse scientist, environmental/civil engineer, anthropologist, food scientist, and economist, works to examine and guide food waste solutions. Strategies to achieve successful interdisciplinary approaches for addressing sustainability problems include authentic listening, stakeholder engagement, and student participation. For example, the work of the psychologist brings attitude/behavior/organizational understanding and expertise to the interdisciplinary team with aims to implement strategies for outcome‐oriented solutions. Overcoming disciplinary language barriers and securing interdisciplinary grant funding are examples of challenges that must be addressed if interdisciplinary teams are to succeed.
Evaluating character partitioning and molecular models in plastid phylogenomics at low taxonomic levels: A case study using Amphilophium (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Thode Verônica A. , Lohmann Lúcia G. , Sanmartín Isabel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe accurate analyses of massive amounts of data obtained through next‐generation sequencing depend on the selection of appropriate evolutionary models. Many plastid phylogenomic studies typically analyze plastome data as a single partition, or divided by a region, using a concatenate “supergene” approach. The effects of molecular evolutionary models and character partition strategies on plastome‐based phylogenies have generally been evaluated at higher taxonomic levels in green plants. Using plastome data from 32 species of Amphilophium, a genus of Neotropical lianas, we explored potential sources of topological incongruence with different plastid genome datasets and approaches. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of compositional heterogeneity, codon usage bias, positive selection, and incomplete lineage sorting as sources of systematic error (i.e., the recovery of well‐supported conflicting topologies). We compared different datasets (e.g., non‐coding regions, exons, and codon‐aligned and translated amino acids) using concatenated approaches under site‐heterogeneous and site‐homogeneous models, as well as multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods. We found incongruences in recovered phylogenetic relationships, which were mainly located in short internodes. The MSC and concatenated approaches recovered similar topologies. The analysis of GC content and codon usage bias indicated higher substitution rates and AT excess at the third codon positions, and we found evidence of positive selection in 3% of amino acid sites. There were no significant differences among species in site biochemical profiles. We argue that the selection of appropriate partition strategies and evolutionary models is important to increase accuracy in phylogenetic relationships, even when using plastome datasets, which is still the primarily used genome in plant phylogenetics.
Randomized clinical trials towards a single‐visit cure for chronic hepatitis C: Oral GSK2878175 and injectable RG‐101 in chronic hepatitis C patients and long‐acting injectable GSK2878175 in healthy participants
Authors: Deng Yanli , Campbell Fiona , Han Kelong , Theodore Dickens , Deeg Mark , Huang Michael , Hamatake Robert , Lahiri Soumi , Chen Shuguang , Horvath Gabor , Manolakopoulos Spilios , Dalekos George N. , Papatheodoridis George , Goulis Ioannis , Banyai Tivadar , Jilma Bernd , Leivers Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSingle‐visit cures for chronic hepatitis C are lacking. We conducted two clinical studies towards the goal of developing a regimen for single‐visit cure. In a randomized, open‐label, Phase 2 study (RG101‐04), investigators enrolled 26 adult chronic hepatitis C patients to evaluate safety and efficacy of single subcutaneous injection of RG‐101 (4 mg/kg) and daily oral tablets of GSK2878175 (20 mg) for 6, 9 or 12 weeks. In another randomized, double‐blind, single dose Phase 1 study (RG101‐06), investigators enrolled 18 healthy men to assess safety and PK of GSK2878175 long‐acting injectable at 100, 200 or 400 mg. In RG101‐04, SVR48 rates were 50%, 56% and 89%, for the 6, 9 and 12 weeks treatment arms, respectively. All AEs were mild or moderate in severity (≤Grade 2). In RG101‐06 at 400 mg, the mean duration of GSK2878175 plasma levels above in vitro therapeutic concentrations for GT1b was 41 days. All AEs were Grade 2 or less. In conclusion, single injection of RG‐101 combined with 12 weeks of GSK2878175 oral tablets was generally well tolerated and resulted in high SVR rates in chronic hepatitis C patients. Single injections of GSK2878175 long‐acting injectable were also well tolerated; however, higher doses would be required if used in combination with RG‐101 to achieve the SVR rates observed in the oral combination study to enable a single‐visit curative regimen.
High‐frequency whistles of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) recorded in Brunei Bay
Authors: Jiang Ying , Liu Zongwei , Yang Chunmei , Lü Lian‐gang , Yu Xiaolin , Huang Longfei , Zhang Xuelei , Yang Zhiguo , Yang Guangbing , Sun Lu , Jaaman Saifullah Arifin , Muda Azmi Marzuki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudies of the whistles of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) have traditionally been restricted to analyses of the human audio range (below 20 kHz). In this study, broadband acoustic recordings of Irrawaddy dolphins in Brunei Bay were obtained using a sampling frequency of 512 kHz. Among the 984 whistles collected, eight (0.81%) high‐frequency whistles were detected with fundamentals above 18.4 kHz, which is the reported maximum frequency. Four (50%) of these whistles had the entire fundamentals in the ultrasonic frequency range (above 20 kHz), where 52.3 kHz was the maximum frequency. This is the first description of the ultrasonic components of Irrawaddy dolphin whistles. Our findings demonstrate that the whistles of Irrawaddy dolphins span a wider frequency range than previously published.
Poverty, Inequality, and Fertility: The Contribution of Demographic Change to Global Poverty Reduction
Authors: Wietzke Frank‐Borge 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlobal poverty has fallen dramatically over the past decades. In many developing countries, this transformation was accompanied by rapid improvements in demographic outcomes, such as falling child mortality and fertility. Yet, recent theorizing and empirical research into the causes of global poverty reduction has mostly omitted demographic factors. This paper aims to fill this gap by testing for effects of demographic variables on poverty. Using time series data for 140 countries, we document a strong effect of lagged fertility on country‐specific poverty rates. This effect is robust across several specifications and data sets. It appears to be stronger in countries with larger fertility differentials, in the early transition stages. The proposed mechanism behind this result is a “Kuznets curve‐type” expansion of fertility inequality at the onset of the demographic transition. We conclude by calling for a stronger inclusion of demographic variables in the distribution‐sensitive analysis of global poverty.
Relationship between dysfunctional beliefs, self‐esteem, extreme appraisals, and symptoms of mania and depression over time in bipolar disorder
Authors: Atuk Emel , Richardson Thomas 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesBipolar disorder (BD) is a mental health problem characterized by episodes of mania and depression which can lead to significant difficulties impairing one’s daily functioning. Cross‐sectional research has highlighted self‐esteem and dysfunctional beliefs in those with this diagnosis, but there has been little research into how self‐esteem and dysfunctional beliefs relate to symptoms of mania and depression over time.DesignA secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study was used.MethodsForty patients with BD attending a community adult mental health service completed the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Brief Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Altman Self‐Rating Mania Scale at two time points 4 months apart.ResultsCross‐sectional correlations revealed significant associations between elevated goal attainment dysfunctional beliefs and higher symptoms of mania; however, this did not hold over time. Elevated dependency‐related dysfunctional beliefs and lower self‐esteem were linked to higher symptoms of depression, and this relationship held over time. There was no impact of achievement‐related dysfunctional beliefs on mood. Extreme appraisals were correlated with higher depression symptoms at baseline, but this did not hold over time.ConclusionsFindings suggest lower self‐esteem and specific dysfunctional beliefs around dependency may precede symptoms of depression. Further research is required to further explore these associations.Practitioner points

Elevated dysfunctional beliefs around dependency on others and lower levels of self‐esteem may precede symptoms of depression in BD.

Therapeutic interventions and relapse prevention targeting these psychological factors may help reduce the risk of depression relapse.
Genetic and evolution analysis of extrafloral nectary in cotton
Authors: Hu Wei , Qin Wenqiang , Jin Yuying , Wang Peng , Yan Qingdi , Li Fuguang , Yang Zhaoen 
Published: February 2020

SummaryExtrafloral nectaries are a defence trait that plays important roles in plant–animal interactions. Gossypium species are characterized by cellular grooves in leaf midribs that secret large amounts of nectar. Here, with a panel of 215 G. arboreum accessions, we compared extrafloral nectaries to nectariless accessions to identify a region of Chr12 that showed strong differentiation and overlapped with signals from GWAS of nectaries. Fine mapping of an F2 population identified GaNEC1, encoding a PB1 domain‐containing protein, as a positive regulator of nectary formation. An InDel, encoding a five amino acid deletion, together with a nonsynonymous substitution, was predicted to cause 3D structural changes in GaNEC1 protein that could confer the nectariless phenotype. mRNA‐Seq analysis showed that JA‐related genes are up‐regulated and cell wall‐related genes are down‐regulated in the nectary. Silencing of GaNEC1 led to a smaller size of foliar nectary phenotype. Metabolomics analysis identified more than 400 metabolites in nectar, including expected saccharides and amino acids. The identification of GaNEC1 helps establish the network regulating nectary formation and nectar secretion, and has implications for understanding the production of secondary metabolites in nectar. Our results will deepen our understanding of plant–mutualism co‐evolution and interactions, and will enable utilization of a plant defence trait in cotton breeding efforts.
Blaschkoid lichen planus occurring in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sil Abheek , Chakraborty Sayantani , Panigrahi Avik , Mondal Satarupa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLupus erythematosus‐lichen planus (LE‐LP) overlap syndrome represents a rare disorder with clinical and histopathological features of both lichen planus and lupus erythematosus presenting in the same lesions. However, lichen planus and lupus erythematosus can also coexist in the same patient. Blaschkoid lichen planus in the setting of concurrent childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus has not been previously described.
Main B‐cell epitopes of PvAMA‐1 and PvMSP‐9 are targeted by naturally acquired antibodies and epitope‐specific memory cells in acute and convalescent phases of vivax malaria
Authors: Soares Roberta Reis , Nakaie Clovis Ryuichi , Rodrigues‐da‐Silva Rodrigo Nunes , da Silva Rogério Lauria , Lima‐Junior Josué da Costa , Scopel Kézia Katiani Gorza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough antibodies are considered critical for malaria protection, little is known about the mechanisms/factors that maintain humoral immunity, especially regarding the induction and maintenance of memory B cells over time. In Brazilian endemic areas, this is the first time that the profile of antibody responses and the occurrence of antigen‐specific memory B cells (MBC) against P vivax were investigated during acute malaria and up to six months after parasite clearance. For this, we selected two peptides, PvAMA‐1(S290‐K307) and PvMSP‐9(E795‐A808), which represent the apical membrane antigen‐1 and merozoite surface protein‐9 of P vivax, respectively. Both peptides were previously described as containing linear B‐cell epitopes. Our findings were as follows: 1—both peptides were recognized by IgG antibodies at a high frequency (between 24% and 81%) in all study groups; 2—in the absence of infection, the IgG levels remained stable throughout 6 months of follow‐up; and 3—PvAMA‐1(S290‐K307) and PvMSP‐9(E795‐A808)‐specific MBCs were detected in all individual groups in the absence of reinfection throughout the follow‐up period, suggesting long‐lived MBC. However, no positive association was observed between malaria‐specific antibody levels and frequency of MBCs over time. Taken together, these results suggest that peptides can be, in the future, an alternative strategy to polypeptidic vaccine formulation.
Freight Rates in Downside and Upside Markets: Pricing of Own and Spillover Risks from Other Shipping Segments
Authors: Theodossiou Panayiotis , Tsouknidis Dimitris , Savva Christos 
Published: February 2020

SummaryShipping freight rates are notoriously volatile and shipping investors are perceived to be risk loving. The paper explores the stochastic properties of freight rates in the shipping industry and derives the analytical equations for their moments in downside and upside markets by using a two-piece extension of the generalized error distribution. Pricing equations developed across shipping segments show how conditional risk and conditional skewness are priced along with their risk spillover effects. Results reveal the existence of a positive skewness premium, suggesting that shipping investors are willing to accept lower expected returns for the opportunity to earn high pay-offs in the future.
Luminescence dating of Late Pleistocene faults as evidence of uplift and active tectonics in Sardinia, W Mediterranean
Authors: Casini Leonardo , Andreucci Stefano , Sechi Daniele , Huang Chun‐Yuan , Shen Chuan‐Chou , Pascucci Vincenzo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrecise dating of the activity of Late Pleistocene to Holocene neo‐tectonic structures is crucial to quantify the rate of deformation in low‐seismicity regions. Sardinia is a relatively stable continental fragment set in the middle of the tectonically active Western Mediterranean belt. This paper provides evidences of significant uplift of northwest Sardinia that support an ongoing tectonic activity since the Marine Isotopic Stage 7 (MIS 7; ca. 220 ka). In particular, it documents for the first time Late Pleistocene to Holocene tectonics based on luminescence dating of travertine sealing a major NNE‐SSW fault.