bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drawing everyday sexism in academia: observations and analysis of a community-based initiative
Authors: Bocher Marie , Ulvrova Martina , Arnould Maëlis , Coltice Nicolas , Mallard Claire , Gérault Mélanie , Adenis Alice 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Sexist behaviour in the workplace contributes to create a
hostile environment, hindering the chance of women and gender non-conforming
individuals to pursue an academic career, but also reinforcing gender
stereotypes that are harmful to their progress and recognition. The Did this really happen?! project
aims at publishing real-life, everyday sexism in the form of comic strips.
Its major goal is to raise awareness about unconscious biases that transpire
in everyday interactions in academia and increase the visibility of sexist
situations that arise within the scientific community, especially to those
who might not notice it. Through the website didthisreallyhappen.net, we
collect testimonies about everyday sexism occurring in the professional
academic environment (universities, research institutes, scientific
conferences…). We translate these stories into comics and publish them
anonymously without any judgement or comments on the website. By now, we
have collected over 100 testimonies. From this collection, we identified six
recurrent patterns: (1) behaviours that aim at maintaining women in
stereotypical feminine roles, (2) behaviours that aim at maintaining men in
stereotypical masculine roles, (3) the questioning of the scientific skills
of female researchers, (4) situations where women have the position of an
outsider, especially in informal networking contexts, (5) the objectification
of women, and (6) the expression of neosexist views. We first present a
detailed analysis of these categories, then we report on the different ways
we interact and engage with the Earth science community, the scientific
community at large and the public in this project.
Variability of the thermohaline structure and transport of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean based on NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observing System) hydrography data
Authors: Zhurbas Nataliya , Kuzmina Natalia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) transects across continental
slope of the Eurasian Basin and the St. Anna Trough performed during
NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observing System) project in
2002–2015 and a transect from the 1996 Polarstern expedition are
used to describe the temperature and salinity characteristics and
volume flow rates (volume transports) of the current carrying the
Atlantic water (AW) in the Arctic Ocean. The variability of the AW
on its pathway along the slope of the Eurasian Basin is
investigated. A dynamic Fram Strait branch of the Atlantic water
(FSBW) is identified in all transects, including two transects in
the Makarov Basin (along 159∘ E), while the cold waters on
the eastern transects along 126, 142, and
159∘ E, which can be associated with the influence of the
Barents Sea branch of the Atlantic water (BSBW), were observed in
the depth range below 800 m and had a negligible effect on
the spatial structure of isopycnic surfaces. The geostrophic volume
transport of AW decreases farther away from the areas of the AW
inflow to the Eurasian Basin, decreasing by 1 order of magnitude
in the Makarov Basin at 159∘ E, implying that the major
part of the AW entering the Arctic Ocean circulates cyclonically
within the Nansen and Amundsen basins. There is an absolute maximum
of θmax (AW core temperature) in 2006–2008 time
series and a maximum in 2013, but only at 103∘ E. Salinity
S(θmax) (AW core salinity) time series display
a trend of an increase in AW salinity over time, which can be referred
to as an AW salinization in the early 2000s. The maxima of θmax and S(θmax) in 2006 and 2013 are
accompanied by the volume transport maxima. The time average
geostrophic volume transports of AW are 0.5 Sv in the
longitude range 31–92∘ E, 0.8 Sv in the St. Anna
Trough, and 1.1 Sv in the longitude range
94–107∘ E.
Development and Field Application of a Passive Sampler for Atmospheric Mercury
Authors: Cha Seung-Hwan , Han Young-Ji , Jeon Ji-Won , Kim Young-Hee , Kim Hyuk , Noh Seam , Kwon Myeong-Hee 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, a passive sampler for gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was developed and applied to field monitoring. Three Radiello® diffusive bodies with iodineimpregnated activated carbon (I-IAC) as a Hg adsorbent were placed in an opaque acrylic external shield with a stainless steel lid. The performance of the passive sampler was evaluated at seven monitoring sites in South Korea. Hg uptake mass by the passive sampler linearly increased as the deployment time increased up to four months. The reproducibility of the sampler uptake mass for the different deployment periods was also good, and the average relative standard deviation calculated for the three adsorbents in one passive sampler was 9%. Using the Hg concentration measured by an active sampler, an experimental sampling rate (SR) of 0.082 m3 day−1 was obtained. It was shown that the experimental SR was significantly affected by meteorological parameters, and a calibration equation was successfully derived based on wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity. With the calibrated SRs, there was a significant correlation between the active and passive Hg concentrations. When the passive samplers were deployed in an industrial district, the GEM concentration showed very large spatial variation, suggesting its potential for application in future field monitoring.
Temporal Variations and Characteristics of the Carbonaceous Species in PM2.5 Measured at Anmyeon Island, a Background Site in Korea
Authors: Lee Jong Sik , Kim Eun Sil , Kim Ki-Ae , Yu Jian Zhen , Kim Yong Pyo , Jung Chang Hoon , Lee Ji Yi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Routine measurements of carbonaceous species in PM2.5 inculidng organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and humic-like-substance carbon (HULIS-C) in PM2.5 were performed at Anmyeon Island (AI) to clarify the seasonal variation and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations at a background site in Korea between 2015 and 2016. The annual average OC and EC concentrations were 4.52±3.25 μg/m3 and 0.46±0.28 μg/m3, respectively, and there were no clear seasonal variations in OC and EC concentrations. The average concentrations of WSOC and water-insoluble organic carbon (WISOC) were 2.56±1.95 μg/m3 and 1.96±1.45 μg/m3, respectively, and their composition in OC showed high temporal variations. A low correlation between WISOC and EC was observed, while WSOC concentrations were highly correlated with secondary organic carbon concentrations, which were estimated using the EC tracer method. The results indicate that the formation of secondary organic aerosols is a major factor for the determination of WSOC concentrations in this region. HULIS-C was the major component of WSOC, accounting for 39–99% of WSOC and the average concentration was 1.88±1.52 μg/m3. Two distinct periods with high carbonaceous speciess in PM2.5 were observed and characterized by their OC/EC ratios. The high concentration of OC with high ratio of OC/EC was due to the influence of a mixture of emissions from biomass burning and secondary formation transported from outside AI. While, the high concentrations of OC and EC with low OC/EC ratio were related to local vehicular emissions.
Trend Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Matters in Major Urban Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Masud , Khan Munjurul Hannan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The urban areas of Bangladesh suffer from severe air quality problem especially in dry season (November–April) when the PM concentrations frequently rise to 7–8 times of the WHO guideline value. The Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) Project of the Department of Environment has deployed countrywide continuous air monitoring systems to regularly monitor the air quality of the urban areas of Bangladesh. In this paper hourly concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 captured using β-attenuation method from 2013 to April 2018 in six important cities located in different regions of the country were exhaustively analyzed. Statistical analyses, diurnal and seasonal trends, and polar plots of PM concentrations were examined. Long range sources were spotted by Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT) method, where the trajectories were calculated using HYSPLIT-4 model. The analyses identified cities in the middle of the country (Dhaka, Narayanganj, Gazipur) as the most polluted ones while the city to the northeast region (Sylhet) was the least polluted. Average PM10 concentrations at Dhaka, Chattogram, Narayanganj, Gazipur, Sylhet and Barisal stations in dry seasons (November–April) were found 238.7±155.4, 190.7±108.5, 303.6±161.4, 227.3±142.7, 151.7±105.0 and 170.7±108.4 μg m−3 respectively whereas those in wet seasons (May–October) were 75.0±51.6, 55.5±40.8, 102.4±84.4, 60.6±48.5, 52.7±38.3, and 54.4±41.6 μg m−3 respectively. Correlative study of diurnal variations in PM concentrations and meteorological parameters revealed that the congenial meteorology aided in developing higher concentrations of both PM10 and PM2.5 during nighttime. Sources located to the northwestern districts (Naogao, Rangpur, Bogura) were traced by the CWT method contributing to the air pollution in other regions of the country. Outside the boundary, sources in Nepal, and Delhi-NCR and Uttar Pradesh regions of India could have contributed to fine particles at the middle of the country.
Missing Value Imputation for PM10 Concentration in Sabah using Nearest Neighbour Method (NNM) and Expectation-Maximization (EM) Algorithm
Authors: Rumaling Muhammad Izzuddin , Chee Fuei Pien , Dayou Jedol , Chang Jackson Hian Wui , Kong Steven Soon Kai , Sentian Justin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Missing data in large data analysis has affected further analysis conducted on dataset. To fill in missing data, Nearest Neighbour Method (NNM) and Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm are the two most widely used methods. Thus, this research aims to compare both methods by imputing missing data of air quality in five monitoring stations (CA0030, CA0039, CA0042, CA0049, CA0050) in Sabah, Malaysia. PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic size below 10 microns) dataset in the range from 2003–2007 (Part A) and 2008–2012 (Part B) are used in this research. To make performance evaluation possible, missing data is introduced in the datasets at 5 different levels (5%, 10%, 15%, 25% and 40%). The missing data is imputed by using both NNM and EM algorithm. The performance of both data imputation methods is evaluated using performance indicators (RMSE, MAE, IOA, COD) and regression analysis. Based on performance indicators and regression analysis, NNM performs better compared to EM in imputing data for stations CA0039, CA0042 and CA0049. This may be due to air quality data missing at random (MAR). However, this is not the case for CA0050 and part B of CA0030. This may be due to fluctuation that could not be detected by NNM. Accuracy evaluation using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) shows that NNM is more accurate imputation method for most of the cases.
Gestão de pessoas no serviço público: avaliação de desempenho nas organizações públicas estaduais
Authors: Ferreira Lucas Maximiano , Guimarães Júnior Ernani de Souza , Moreira Alessandro Messias 
Published: April 2020

Este estudo aborda a avaliação de desempenho realizada no estado de Minas Gerais. Tal abordagem se justifica em analisar as bases teóricas e jurídicas que regulamenta a avaliação de desempenho do servidor público estadual dentro da administração pública. O propósito deste estudo que tem como tema central a gestão de pessoas no setor público estadual, em especial quanto à avaliação de desempenho, é caracterizar a avaliação de desempenho realizada pelo governo de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se como metodologia para alcançar o objetivo a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Como resultado constatou-se que o governo estadual em questão faz uso da ferramenta de avaliação por comissões onde um grupo seleto de pessoas é responsável pela coordenação e retorno ao final do processo avaliativo. A avaliação de desempenho propicia ao serviço prestado um controle de qualidade, pois além de avaliar o comportamento do colaborador avalia suas habilidades e competências. Os dados são utilizados como subsídios de futuras ações, o que caracteriza a gestão do desempenho.
Comment la condamnation d’une forme de concurrence fiscale peut en favoriser d’autres ?1
Authors: Latulippe Lyne , St-Cerny-Gosselin Julie 
Published: April 2020

Dans le cadre du projet sur l’érosion de la base d’imposition et le transfert des bénéfices (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting – BEPS) lancé en 2013, l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) a spécifiquement exprimé des préoccupations concernant les régimes préférentiels pour le revenu généré par la propriété intellectuelle et a recommandé que ces régimes requièrent que les bénéficiaires poursuivent des activités économiques réelles pour éviter qu’un régime soit assimilé à une pratique fiscale dommageable. L’adoption par plusieurs pays de régimes de propriété intellectuelle conformes à la recommandation de l’OCDE illustre l’effet de substitution entre les formes de concurrence fiscale et pourrait accroître la pression sur d’autres pratiques de concurrence fiscale.
Complemento demográfico por maternidad en el marco de las políticas de igualdad. Análisis de objetivos, resultados y consecuencias
Authors: Granell Pérez Rafael , Salvador Cifre Concha 
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo analiza, desde la perspectiva de la Economía Pública, el Complemento Demográfico por Maternidad introducido en el Sistema de Seguridad Social Español en 2016. La medida supone una mejora de las pensiones contributivas de jubilación, viudedad e incapacidad permanente percibidas por madres de al menos dos hijos, con la pretensión de reducir las diferencias de género y reconocer la maternidad como aportación al sistema de pensiones. Se examinan ambos objetivos y los puntos críticos de esta medida de política pública, incidiendo en sus efectos distributivos: el impacto de la medida en el sistema de pensiones, las diferencias de trato que genera su aplicación y sus efectos sobre la brecha de género y sobre la desigualdad entre las mujeres. Para estimar los principales resultados se han utilizado los microdatos de la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales y datos agregados facilitados por el Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social. Esta medida ha tenido unos resultados destacables, beneficiando al 58% de las nuevas pensionistas, pero también pueden subrayarse aspectos críticos, como la discriminación para algunos colectivos de mujeres y hombres, su modesto efecto sobre la reducción de la brecha de género o su impacto sobre la desigualdad entre las mujeres. Se finaliza planteando otras políticas de igualdad de género, referidas al sistema de pensiones, que podrían mejorar estos resultados
Medidas para el fomento y consolidación de un ecosistema favorable a la Economía Social en Galicia. La Red Eusumo
Authors: Bastida María , Olveira-Blanco Ana , Savall-Morera Teresa 
Published: April 2020

En Galicia se registra un incremento sostenido del número de entidades de economía social (ES) desde 2008, particularmente del número de cooperativas activas. Esta tendencia se mantiene incluso en años de mayor incidencia de la crisis económica. En este contexto, en 2012 nace la Red Eusumo para el fomento del cooperativismo y la ES, concebida con un doble objetivo: (a) ayudar y acompañar en la implantación de nuevos proyectos de ES (entendidos como aceleradores de empleo); y (b) contribuir a la consolidación de las empresas de ES existentes, mediante la mejora de su competitividad.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel que la Red Eusumo, entendida como política pública de fomento de la ES, ha tenido desde su creación, tanto desde una perspectiva directa -en la creación de entidades de ES en Galicia, la promoción, difusión y mejora de conocimiento de la ES- como desde una indirecta, en lo que se refiere a su contribución al desarrollo de un ecosistema favorable al desarrollo y consolidación de la ES en la comunidad autónoma. Para ello, este trabajo se inicia con la descripción de la Red Eusumo, detallando sus objetivos, las bases de su funcionamiento, las entidades que la conforman y su financiación. A continuación, se ofrece una perspectiva genérica de la evolución de la ES gallega en el período 2008-2019, discriminando los períodos ante-post Eusumo para testar si existe un comportamiento diferencial. Posteriormente, se analiza la influencia que la Red Eusumo ha tenido en la configuración de un ecosistema favorable para la consolidación de la ES gallega. Para finalizar, se aportan las principales conclusiones del análisis, incluyendo unas sugerencias de mejora para el mejor alcance de objetivos y obtención de sinergias que favorezca el papel de esta herramienta como motor de desarrollo y consolidación de la ES en Galicia.
Capturing variation in floral shape: a virtual3D based morphospace for Pelargonium
Authors: van de Kerke Sara J. , van Engelenhoven Tiemen , van Es Anne L. , Schat Laura , van Son Lisa M. , Vink Sverre , Hemerik Lia , van Velzen Robin , Schranz M. Eric , Bakker Freek T. 
Published: April 2020

Background
Variation in floral shapes has long fascinated biologists and its modelling enables testing of evolutionary hypotheses. Recent comparative studies that explore floral shape have largely ignored 3D floral shape. We propose quantifying floral shape by using geometric morphometrics on a virtual3D model reconstructed from 2D photographical data and demonstrate its performance in capturing shape variation.

Methods
This approach offers unique benefits to complement established imaging techniques (i) by enabling adequate coverage of the potential morphospace of large and diverse flowering-plant clades; (ii) by circumventing asynchronicity in anthesis of different floral parts; and (iii) by incorporating variation in copy number of floral organs within structures. We demonstrate our approach by analysing 90 florally-diverse species of the Southern African genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae). We quantify Pelargonium floral shapes using 117 landmarks and show similarities in reconstructed morphospaces for nectar tube, corolla (2D datasets), and a combined virtual3D dataset.

Results
Our results indicate that Pelargonium species differ in floral shape, which can also vary extensively within a species. PCA results of the reconstructed virtual3D floral models are highly congruent with the separate 2D morphospaces, indicating it is an accurate, virtual, representation of floral shape. Through our approach, we find that adding the third dimension to the data is crucial to accurately interpret the manner of, as well as levels of, shape variation in flowers.
Drought-induced reduction in methane fluxes and its hydrothermal sensitivity in alpine peatland
Authors: Wu Haidong , Yan Liang , Li Yong , Zhang Kerou , Hao Yanbin , Wang Jinzhi , Zhang Xiaodong , Yan Zhongqing , Zhang Yuan , Kang Xiaoming 
Published: April 2020

Accurate estimation of CH4 fluxes in alpine peatland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau under extreme drought is vital for understanding the global carbon cycle and predicting future climate change. However, studies on the impacts of extreme drought on peatland CH4 fluxes are limited. To study the effects of extreme drought on CH4 fluxes of the Zoige alpine peatland ecosystem, the CH4 fluxes during both extreme drought treatment (D) and control treatment (CK) were monitored using a static enclosed chamber in a control platform of extreme drought. The results showed that extreme drought significantly decreased CH4 fluxes in the Zoige alpine peatland by 31.54% (P < 0.05). Extreme drought significantly reduced the soil water content (SWC) (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on soil temperature (Ts). Under extreme drought and control treatments, there was a significant negative correlation between CH4 fluxes and environmental factors (Ts and SWC), except Ts, at a depth of 5cm (P < 0.05). Extreme drought reduced the correlation between CH4 fluxes and environmental factors and significantly weakened the sensitivity of CH4 fluxes to SWC (P < 0.01). Moreover, it was found that the correlation between subsoil (20 cm) environmental factors and CH4 fluxes was higher than with the topsoil (5, 10 cm) environmental factors under the control and extreme drought treatments. These results provide a better understanding of the extreme drought effects on CH4 fluxes of alpine peatland, and their hydrothermal impact factors, which provides a reliable reference for peatland protection and management.
Aspirin sensitizes osimertinib‐resistant NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo via Bim‐dependent apoptosis induction
Authors: Han Rui , Hao Shuai , Lu Conghua , Zhang Chong , Lin Caiyu , Li Li , Wang Yubo , Hu Chen , He Yong 
Published: April 2020

Osimertinib, a third‐generation irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI), provides marked clinical benefit for patients with EGFR‐activating mutations. Unfortunately, limited treatments exist for patients who acquire osimertinib resistance. We observed two ‘special’ patients who regained an antitumor response with osimertinib plus aspirin treatment. As previous data indicate that aspirin induces antiproliferative effects in tumor cells, we designed a preclinical study to explore whether aspirin combined with osimertinib could synergistically sensitize osimertinib‐resistant non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The effects of combined treatment with osimertinib and aspirin on osimertinib‐resistant NSCLC cell lines were examined in vitro and in vivo. The combination of osimertinib and aspirin induced strong antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in osimertinib‐resistant NSCLC cells through inhibition of Akt/FoxO3a signaling component phosphorylation and increased Bim expression. Furthermore, Bim knockdown by siRNA significantly attenuated osimertinib resensitization by aspirin. In vivo, combination of aspirin and osimertinib significantly decreased tumor growth of PC‐9GROR cell xenografts. Data of patients with NSCLC who received osimertinib treatment at Daping Hospital between January 2015 and January 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. According to clinical data for 45 patients with NSCLC, retrospective analysis showed that the median progression‐free survival was significantly longer in the osimertinib plus aspirin group than in the osimertinib group. In summary, aspirin synergistically enhances the antitumor activity of osimertinib in osimertinib‐resistant lung cancer cells through promoting Bim‐dependent apoptosis. This combination therapy may be effective in overcoming acquired resistance to osimertinib and prolonging survival in patients with NSCLC.