bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking strategic developments for conferring xylose utilization/fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sharma Shalley , Arora Anju 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Efficient ethanol production through lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates could solve energy crisis as it is economically sustainable and ecofriendly. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the work horse for lignocellulosic bioethanol production at industrial level. But its inability to ferment and utilize xylose limits the overall efficacy of the process.

Method
Data for the review was selected using different sources, such as Biofuels digest, Statista, International energy agency (IEA). Google scholar was used as a search engine to search literature for yeast metabolic engineering approaches. Keywords used were metabolic engineering of yeast for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.

Result
Through these approaches, interconnected pathways can be targeted randomly. Moreover, the improved strains genetic makeup can help us understand the mechanisms involved for this purpose.

Conclusion
This review discusses all possible approaches for metabolic engineering of yeast. These approaches may reveal unknown hidden mechanisms and construct ways for the researchers to produce novel and modified strains.
Real-Space Studies of Plasmon-Induced Dissociation Reactions with an STM
Authors: Kazuma Emiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Molecular bond dissociation and formation reactions induced by localized surface plasmons of metal nanostructures are promising reactions in terms of the effective utilization of sunlight. The plasmon has a potential not only to enhance photochemical reactions but also to enable efficient novel reaction pathways. However, the reaction mechanism is still veiled because it is difficult to directly observe the reactions caused at the localized field of the plasmon near the metal surfaces. For the visualization of the reactions induced by the plasmon at a single-molecule level, we have applied a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Bond dissociation reactions were induced by the plasmon excited at a nanogap between the STM tip and a metal substrate under light irradiation. The STM analyses combined with density functional theory calculations provided mechanistic insights into the plasmon-induced dissociation reactions.
Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and wound healing activities of Vitex pinnata
Authors: Shafie Nurul Ashifah , Suhaili Nur Atiqah , Taha Hussein , Ahmad Norhayati 
Published: August 2020

Background: Vitex pinnata is a popular ethnomedicinal plant but scientific studies to validate its pharmacological properties are lacking for this plant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the methanolic extract of the leaves and the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Methods: The leaves of Vitex pinnata underwent methanol extraction and the methanol extract was fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the wound healing studies, the methanolic extracts of V. pinnata were used to prepare ointments with compositions of 10% (w/w) and 50% (w/w), which were evaluated for wound healing activity in an excision wound model in Wistar rats. Results: All the extracts showed antioxidant activities, with the ethyl acetate extract having the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, followed by the methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts. Similarly, their quercetin equivalent concentrations were 33.1, 31, 20.3 and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively. Except for the methanol extract, the disc diffusion assay showed that the extracts demonstrated species-specific antibacterial activities, with the ethyl acetate extract showing antibacterial activities against all four tested strains. The wound healing activity of the high dose treated group (50% [w/w]) shows significant increase of wound contraction when compared to the control group. Conclusion: In the current study, the ethyl acetate extract showed activity for all tested bacteria and also had the highest DPPH activity. The methanolic extracts of V. pinnata leaves show modest wound healing activity in an excision wound model.
A proposed molecular mechanism for pathogenesis of severe RNA-viral pulmonary infections
Authors: Rogan Peter K. , Mucaki Eliseos J. , Shirley Ben C. 
Published: August 2020

Background:Certain riboviruses can cause severe pulmonary complications leading to death in some infected patients. We propose that DNA damage induced-apoptosis accelerates viral release, triggered by depletion of host RNA binding proteins (RBPs) from nuclear RNA bound to replicating viral sequences.Methods:Information theory-based analysis of interactions between RBPs and individual sequences in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza A (H3N1), HIV-1, and Dengue genomes identifies strong RBP binding sites in these viral genomes. Replication and expression of viral sequences is expected to increasingly sequester RBPs - SRSF1 and RNPS1. Ordinarily, RBPs bound to nascent host transcripts prevents their annealing to complementary DNA. Their depletion induces destabilizing R-loops. Chromosomal breakage occurs when an excess of unresolved R-loops collide with incoming replication forks, overwhelming the DNA repair machinery. We estimated stoichiometry of inhibition of RBPs in host nuclear RNA by counting competing binding sites in replicating viral genomes and host RNA.Results:Host RBP binding sites are frequent and conserved among different strains of RNA viral genomes. Similar binding motifs of SRSF1 and RNPS1 explain why DNA damage resulting from SRSF1 depletion is complemented by expression of RNPS1. Clustering of strong RBP binding sites coincides with the distribution of RNA-DNA hybridization sites across the genome. SARS-CoV-2 replication is estimated to require 32.5-41.8 hours to effectively compete for binding of an equal proportion of SRSF1 binding sites in host encoded nuclear RNAs. Significant changes in expression of transcripts encoding DNA repair and apoptotic proteins were found in an analysis of influenza A and Dengue-infected cells in some individuals.Conclusions:R-loop-induced apoptosis indirectly resulting from viral replication could release significant quantities of membrane-associated virions into neighboring alveoli. These could infect adjacent pneumocytes and other tissues, rapidly compromising lung function, causing multiorgan system failure and other described symptoms.
Measurements of nonlinear absorption of intense 10  µm laser pulses in n-Ge, GaAs, and ZnSe
Authors: Matteo Daniel , Pigeon Jeremy , Tochitsky Sergei , Ben-Zvi Ilan , Joshi Chan 
Published: August 2020

We study the nonlinear absorption of high-power 10 µm radiation propagating through

n

-Ge, GaAs, and ZnSe materials widely used in the long-wave infrared range. Measurements are performed using both nanosecond and picosecond

C
O

2

laser pulses providing intensities up to

100

M
W

/

c
m

2

and

5

G
W

/

c
m

2

, respectively. Nonlinear absorption coefficients in optical quality

n

-Ge are found to be the same for both pulse durations. The nonlinear absorption coefficient of these materials scales inverse proportionally to their bandgap energies, indicating increased photoionization in the smaller bandgap materials.
High-precision processing method for an aluminum mirror assisted with a femtosecond laser
Authors: Zhao Tao , Hu Hao , Peng Xiao-Qiang , Guan Chao-Liang , Dai Yi-Fan , Yong Jia-Hao , Gan Zi-Hao 
Published: August 2020

At present, aluminum-based optical payloads are widely used in the aviation and aerospace field, and the demand for aluminum mirrors has become increasingly urgent in the visible light region. The main processing of an aluminum alloy mirror involves single-point diamond turning followed by a combined polishing process. Among these processes, magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is an important method for improving a surface figure. During the MRF process, excessive impurity contaminants are introduced into the surface of the aluminum mirror, thereby reducing surface reflectivity. In this paper, theoretical analysis and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling were used to obtain the cause of pollution, and the process scheme of femtosecond laser cleaning was proposed. After verifying the feasibility, a new, to the best of our knowledge, process route was implemented on a

Φ

50

m
m

aluminum mirror. Finally, the surface figure of RMS

0.022

λ

and the surface roughness of Ra 3.24 nm were obtained. In addition, reflectance in the visible light and near-infrared bands has increased by about 50%.
ITSBAT TALAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERKAWINAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Khairina Khairina , Caniago Sulastri 
Published: August 2020

This study discusses about itsbat talak (legal recognition of divorce) pronounced by husbands out of court in the perspective of Marriage Law in Indonesia. There are three issues answered in this study. First, how is the legal problem of out-of-court divorce in the perspective of Marriage Law in Indonesia and Fiqh? Second, what is the urgency of itsbat talak in the view of fiqh and Marriage Law in Indonesia? Third, what is the review of the Marriage Law in Indonesia on the itsbat talak out-of-court? To answer this problem, a library study was conducted. The data was collected through searching of the research results, books, fiqh books, laws or regulations and electronic as well as digital data through websites. The study found that there are some legal problems of itsbat talak for out-of-court divorce such as its legality, the probability of talak for twice, no legal protection, the couple blocked from other marriage, and the lost of post-marriage rights. Itsbat talak for out of court divorce can be recognized in the Marriage Law in Indonesia. Studi ini mengkaji tentang itsbat (pengakuan hukum) talak yang telah dijatuhkan suami di luar pengadilan dalam perspektif hukum perkawinan di Indonesia. Ada tiga persoalan yang akan dijawab dalam studi ini. Pertama, bagaimana problematika hukum talak di luar pengadilan dalam perspektif Hukum Perkawinan di Indonesia dan Fikih ? Kedua, bagaimana urgensi itsbat talak dalam pandangan Fikih maupun Hukum Perkawinan di Indonesia ? Ketiga, bagaimana tinjauan Hukum Perkawinan di Indonesia terhadap itsbat talak perceraian di luar pengadilan ? Untuk menjawab permasalahan ini dilakukan studi kepustakaan. Data tentang talak di luar pengadilan atau itsbat nikah dikumpul melalui penelusuran hasil-hasil penelitian, buku-buku atau kitab fikih, undang-undang atau peraturan dan data elektronik melalui website. Data ini diolah, dianalisis dan dijadikan bahan untuk mengkaji itsbat talak dengan menggunakan metode kajian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan jawaban, pertama; ada lima problem hukum talak di luar pengadilan, seperti keabsahannya, kemungkinan terjadi talak dua kali, tidak adanya perlindungan hukum, pasangan talak di luar pengadilan tidak dapat melakukan penikahan resmi dengan yang lain, tidak bisa mendapatkan hak-hak setelah talak. Itsbat talak dapat diakui dalam hukum perkawinan di Indonesia.
The Representation of Finger Movement and Force in Human Motor and Premotor Cortices
Authors: Flint Robert D. , Tate Matthew C. , Li Kejun , Templer Jessica W. , Rosenow Joshua M. , Pandarinath Chethan , Slutzky Marc W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ability to grasp and manipulate objects requires controlling both finger movement kinematics and isometric force in rapid succession. Previous work suggests that these behavioral modes are controlled separately, but it is unknown whether the cerebral cortex represents them differently. Here, we asked the question of how movement and force were represented cortically, when executed sequentially with the same finger. We recorded high-density electrocorticography (ECoG) from the motor and premotor cortices of seven human subjects performing a movement-force motor task. We decoded finger movement [0.7 ± 0.3 fractional variance accounted for (FVAF)] and force (0.7 ± 0.2 FVAF) with high accuracy, yet found different spatial representations. In addition, we used a state-of-the-art deep learning method to uncover smooth, repeatable trajectories through ECoG state space during the movement-force task. We also summarized ECoG across trials and participants by developing a new metric, the neural vector angle (NVA). Thus, state-space techniques can help to investigate broad cortical networks. Finally, we were able to classify the behavioral mode from neural signals with high accuracy (90 ± 6%). Thus, finger movement and force appear to have distinct representations in motor/premotor cortices. These results inform our understanding of the neural control of movement, as well as the design of grasp brain-machine interfaces (BMIs).
Friedrich Disease
Authors: Maya Gabriel Fraind , Nahmad David Laniado , Or Omer , Safran Ori , Beyth Shaul 
Published: August 2020

Case:
A 16-year-old girl presented with pain and swelling of the medial edge of the clavicle. She denied previous trauma and was evaluated by multiple physicians for a possible infection or neoplastic lesion. The patient underwent multiple studies and procedures, including blood tests, imaging studies, and biopsy. After 6 months, a diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the medial clavicle was made. After 1 year of observation, the symptoms resolved.

Conclusions:
The rarity of Friedrich disease and the scarcity of literature may lead to delayed diagnosis of this pathology. Awareness of medical personnel of this condition may facilitate accurate diagnosis.
Effects of different acupuncture treatment methods on post-stroke cognitive impairment: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Su Kai-Qi , Liu Su-Tong , Li Jie-Ying , Li Rui-Qing , Feng Hui-Li , Xue Yang , Feng Xiao-Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment is one of common dysfunctions after stroke, which seriously affects the overall recovery of patients. Cognitive rehabilitation training is currently the main treatment to improve cognitive function, but its curative effect is limited. Acupuncture is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and some previous clinical studies have shown that it might be effective in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), but further evidence from large-sample studies is needed. The overall objective of this trial is to obtain further data for forming an optimized acupuncture treatment for PSCI by comparing the effects of different acupuncture treatment methods on cognitive function in PSCI patients.Methods/Design: In this multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial, 206 eligible stroke inpatients who meet the trial criteria will be randomly assigned to 2 groups: Electroacupuncture (EA) plus needle retaining (NR) group and EA group, both groups of patients undergo the same routine cognitive rehabilitation treatments. All treatments will be given 6 times per week for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes will be assessed using the Mini Mental State Scale (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognition Assessment Scale (MOCA). The secondary outcome will be measured by the Bathel Index (BI). All outcomes will be evaluated at baseline, week 4, week 8, and the third and sixth month after the end of treatments.Discussion: Our aim is to evaluate the effects of two different acupuncture treatment methods for treating PSCI patients. This study is expected to provide data to be used in developing an optimized acupuncture treatment method for PSCI treatment.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900027849. Registered on 30 November 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=46316
Optimal preparation of high-entropy boride-silicon carbide ceramics
Authors: Zhang Yan , Sun Shi-Kuan , Guo Wei-Ming , Xu Liang , Zhang Wei , Lin Hua-Tay 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
High-entropy boride-silicon carbide (HEB-SiC) ceramics were fabricated by using boride-based powders prepared from borothermal and boro/carbothermal reduction methods. The effects of processing routes (borothermal reduction and boro/carbothermal reduction) of HEB powders were examined. HEB-SiC ceramics with nearly relatively full density (>98%) were prepared by spark plasma sintering at 2000oC. It was demonstrated that the addition of SiC led to slightly coarsening of the microstructure. The HEB-SiC ceramics prepared from boro/carbothermal reduction powders showed the fine-grained microstructure and higher Vickers’ hardness but lower fracture toughness values as compared with the same composition prepared from borothermal reduction powders. These results indicated that the selection of the powder processing method and the addition of SiC phase could contribute to the optimal preparation of high-entropy boride-based ceramics.
Estimated costs for the delivery of safer conception strategies for HIV-discordant couples in Zimbabwe: A cost analysis
Authors: Hughes Carolyn Smith , Brown Joelle , Murombedzi Caroline , Chirenda Thandiwe , Chareka Gift , Mhlanga Felix , Mateveke Bismark , Gitome Serah , Makurumure Tinei , Matubu Allen , Mgodi Nyaradzo , Chirenje Zvavahera , Kahn James G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, safer conception strategies have been developed to help HIV-serodiscordant couples conceive a child without transmitting HIV to the seronegative partner. The SAFER clinical trial assessed implementation of these strategies in Zimbabwe. Methods: As a part of the SAFER study, we estimated the costs (in 2017 $US) associated with individual and combination strategies, in the trial setting and real-world practice, from a healthcare system perspective. Safer conception strategies included: 1) ART with frequent viral load testing until achieving undetectable viral load (ART-VL); 2) daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP); 3) semen-washing with intrauterine insemination; and 4) manual self-insemination at home. For costs in the trial, we used a micro-costing approach, including a time and motion study to quantify personnel effort, and estimated the cost per couple for individual and combination strategies for a mean of 6 months of safer services. For real-world practice, we modeled costs for three implementation scenarios, representing differences from the trial in input prices (paid by the Ministry of Health and Child Care [MOHCC]), intervention intensity, and increments to current HIV prevention and treatment practices and guidelines. We used one-way sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of uncertainty in input variables.Results: Individual strategy costs were $769-$1,615 per couple in the trial; $185-$563 if using MOHCC prices. Under the target intervention intensity and using MOHCC prices, individual strategy costs were $73-$360 per couple over and above the cost of current HIV clinical practices. The cost of delivering the most commonly selected combination, ART-VL plus PrEP, ranged from $166-$517 per couple under the three real-world scenarios. Highest costs were for personnel, lab tests, and strategy-specific consumables, in variable proportions by clinical strategy and analysis scenario. Total costs were most affected by uncertainty in the price of PrEP, number of semen-washing attempts, and scale-up of semen-washing capacity.Conclusions: Safer conception methods have costs that may be affordable in many low-resource settings. These cost data will help implementers and policymakers add safer conception services. Cost-effectiveness analysis is needed to assess value for money for safer conception services overall and for safer strategy combinations.
A prediction model of Contrast-associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Hypoalbuminemia Undergoing Coronary Angiography
Authors: Liu Liwei , Liu Jin , Lei Li , Wang Bo , Sun Guoli , Guo Zhaodong , He Yibo , Song Feier , Lun Zhubin , Liu Bowen , Chen Guanzhong , Chen Shiqun , Yang Yongquan , Liu Yong , Chen Jiyan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Risk stratification is recommended as the key step to prevent contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) by allowing for prevention among at-risk patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with hypoalbuminemia are prone to CA-AKI and do not have their own risk stratification tool. Therefore, we developed and validated a model for predicting CA-AKI in patients with hypoalbuminemia undergoing CAG/PCI.Methods: A total of 1272 consecutive patients with hypoalbuminemia undergoing CAG/PCI were enrolled and randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to a development cohort (n = 848) and a validation cohort (n = 424). CA-AKI was defined as a serum creatinine (SCr) increase of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or 50% from baseline within the first 48 to 72 hours following CAG/PCI. A prediction model was established with independent predictors according to multivariate logistic regression and a stepwise approach, showing as a nomogram. The discrimination of the nomogram was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and was compared to the classic Mehran CA-AKI score. Calibration was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test.Results: Overall, 8.4% (71/848) of patients in the development cohort and 11.2% (48/424) of patients in the validation cohort experienced CA-AKI. The simple nomogram included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum albumin (ALB), age and the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP); showed better predictive ability than the Mehran score (C-index 0.756 vs. 0.693, p = 0.02); and had good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test p = 0.187). Conclusions: Our data suggested that the simple model might be a good tool for predicting CA-AKI in high-risk patients with hypoalbuminemia undergoing CAG/PCI, but our findings require further external validation.Trial registration number NCT01400295