bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of replacing canola meal with camelina expeller on intake, total tract digestibility, and feeding behavior of beef heifers fed high-concentrate diets
Authors: Salas Hèctor , Castillejos Lorena , Faturi Cristian , Ferret Alfred 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To assess the effect of inclusion of camelina expeller in beef cattle diets, 24 Simmental heifers were used. Two experiments were carried out. In the first, two free-choice tests, one without and another with molasses, were conducted to know the preference of animals for a total mixed ration (TMR) made with a 90 to 10 concentrate to barley straw ratio, where canola meal (CM) or camelina expeller (CE) was used in the concentrate as a protein source. Heifers were allotted in four pens with two independent feedbunks, one for each diet. In the second, a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design was used to assess the effects of the replacement of CM with CE on intake, digestibility, and sorting and animal behavior. The experiment was performed in four 28-d periods during which groups of three animals were allotted in each pen of 12.5 m2. Diets were formulated with a 90 to 10 concentrate to barley straw ratio and fed as TMR, and they were designed to contain 1) CM as main protein source and 0% of CE (0CE), 2) 3% of CE replacing CM (3CE), 3) 6% of CE replacing CM (6CE), and 4) 9% of CE replacing CM (9CE). In the free-choice test without molasses, heifers showed a greater preference for CM than for CE (38.6 vs. 8.7 kg/d; P &lt; 0.001). When molasses were added to the diet, the preference for CM was maintained (39.1 vs. 9.8 kg/d; P &lt; 0.001). Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake was unaffected by the level of replacement of CM by CE (P &gt; 0.10), and there was no effect of this replacement on DM, OM, CP, and NDF apparent digestibility (P &gt; 0.10). Intake of long particle size increased lineally as CE proportion increased (P = 0.015). In addition, extension of sorting behavior for long particle size tended to increase lineally (P = 0.07), and sorting against this particle size was detected in 0CE and 3CE, but not in 6CE and 9CE (P &lt; 0.05). However, the results recorded for long particle size intake and for sorting behavior against these particles did not translate into more time spent ruminating in heifers fed diets with higher proportion of CE. In conclusion, when canola meal was replaced with camelina expeller at more than 14% of inclusion, heifers preferred the canola meal diet. However, replacing canola meal with camelina expeller up to 9% of inclusion in diets for beef cattle did not affect intake and digestibility but promoted a greater intake of long particle size of barley straw.
Ability of a Risk Prediction Tool to Stratify Quality and Cost for Older Patients With Tibial Shaft and Plateau Fractures
Authors: Konda Sanjit R. , Dedhia Nicket , Ganta Abhishek , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2020

Objectives:
To determine whether a validated trauma triage tool can identify the middle-aged and geriatric trauma patients with tibial shaft and plateau fractures who are at the risk for costly admissions and poorer hospital quality measures.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level-1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Sixty-four patients older than 55 years hospitalized with isolated tibial shaft or plateau fractures.

Intervention:
Patients with either isolated tibial plateau fractures or tibial shaft fractures over a 3-year period were prospectively enrolled in an orthopedic trauma registry. Demographic information, injury severity, and comorbidities were assessed and incorporated into the Score for Trauma Triage in Geriatric and Middle Aged (STTGMA) score, a validated trauma triage score that calculates inpatient mortality risk upon admission. Patients were then grouped into tertiles based on their STTGMA score.

Main Outcome Measures:
Length of stay, complications, discharge location, and direct variable costs.

Results:
Sixty-four patients met inclusion criteria. Thirty-three patients (51.6%) presented with tibial plateau fractures and 31 (48.4%) with tibial shaft fractures. The mean age was 66.7 ± 10.2 years. Mean length of stay was significantly different between risk groups with a mean of 6.8 ± 4 days (P < 0.001). Although 19 (90.5%) of the minimal risk patients were discharged home, only 7 (33.3%) and 5 (22.7%) of moderate- and high-risk patients were discharged home, respectively (P < 0.001). Higher-risk patients experienced a significantly greater number of complications during hospitalization but had no differences in the need for intensive care unit–level care (P = 0.027 and P = 0.344, respectively). The total cost difference between the lowest- and highest-risk group was nearly 50% ($14,070 ± 8056 vs. $25,147 ± 14,471; mean difference, $11,077; P = 0.022).

Conclusion:
Application of the STTGMA triage tool allows for the prediction of key hospital quality measures and cost of hospitalization that can improve clinical decision-making.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Two Doses of Tranexamic Acid Reduce Blood Loss in Primary Posterior Lumbar Fusion Surgery
Authors: Zhu Xianren , Shi Qian , Li Dongya , Wu Jibin , Guo Kaijin , Zheng Xin , Li Hongwei 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been widely used in hip and knee arthroplasty to reduce perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion, but the dosage and efficacy of TXA in posterior lumbar spinal surgery are not fully clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of TXA and to determine whether 2 doses of TXA could reduce the blood loss in primary single-segment or double-segment posterior lumbar fusion surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 150 patients with lumbar degenerative disease undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery between October 2017 and February 2019 were randomized to 3 groups. Group A was treated with 0.9% normal saline solution without TXA, group B was treated with a 15 mg/kg loading dose intravenous infusion 30 minutes before surgery, and group C was treated with a 15 mg/kg loading dose intravenous infusion 30 minutes before surgery; then, the same dose was administered again 3 hours later. The assessed outcomes were the operation time, the total blood loss, the hidden blood loss, postoperative drainage, blood transfusions, incidence of venous thromboembolism, and incision infection.

Results:
The total blood loss, the hidden blood loss, and postoperative drainage were the lowest in group C. The amount of intraoperative blood loss was similar among the 3 groups. The hemoglobin and hematocrit values of the third postoperative day were the highest in group C. No significant differences in the incidence of complications and adverse events from TXA use were observed among the 3 groups. The use of TXA, the operation time, and the number of fusion segments were identified as risk factors related to total blood loss.

Conclusion:
Two doses of TXA significantly reduced the total blood loss, the hidden blood loss and postoperative drainage, and decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit drop in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion without increasing the risk of complications.
Labiaplasty with Stable Labia Minora Retraction—Butterfly-like Approach
Authors: Filho Osvaldo Pereira , Ely Jorge Bins , Lee Kuang Hee , Paulo Elizabeth Machado 
Published: April 2020

Summary:
Labiaplasty, referring to a surgical labia minora reduction, is the most commonly requested genital rejuvenation by women. The purpose of this article is to show an innovative maneuver in the technique for this increasingly demanded procedure. In this strategy, labia minora are attached temporarily to the internal thigh with stitches resembling an open butterfly wing. This maneuver stabilizes the redundant labia minora soft tissue, easing the evaluation of asymmetry and aiding precision in the treatment. The study investigated 12 patients, 10 presenting bilateral hypertrophic labia minora and 2 patients with only unilateral abnormal anatomy, n = 22. The mean age was 25 years. The postoperative follow-up was uneventful. All patients presented labia minora with anatomic configuration. In 1 patient, we registered immediate bleeding that needed revision. The butterfly-like maneuver with the labia minora temporarily attached to the inner thigh can ease labiaplasty with central and inferior wedge resection. It helps diagnose asymmetry and adds precision to resect the correct amount of the hypertrophic tissue.
A Prospective Study on Safety, Complications and Satisfaction Analysis for Tear Trough Rejuvenation Using Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers
Authors: Diwan Zoya , Trikha Sanjay , Etemad-Shahidi Sepideh , Alli Zunaid , Rennie Christopher , Penny Amanda 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Tear trough (TT) treatment with hyaluronic acid soft tissue fillers is an increasingly popular aesthetic procedure. The traditional needle technique is cited many times in the literature with no studies looking at the results, complications and satisfaction rate with the use of the cannula device instead. The aims of this study are to describe the experience of 4 aesthetic doctors in the treatment of TT deformity and assess complications and side effects, overall satisfaction and improvement.

Methods:
Twenty-four patients were included (48 TTs) that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and they were assessed over a 4-week period, looking at the complications, side effects, satisfaction rate, and others with the cannula technique for the medial TT.

Results:
Twenty-two women and 2 men each had the medial TT filler supra-periosteally using a cannula device. They were all reviewed at the 2-week stage +/− the 4-week stage. 100% of patients noted an overall improvement to the TTs and 75% were satisfied with their results with the other 25% requiring further filler to be satisfied. There were no major complications and only a small number of minor side effects like mild bruising and swelling that lasted up to 4 weeks.

Conclusions:
TT treatment, if performed using a cannula with a maximum of 1ml used in one sitting between both eyes, according to this study, is a safe treatment with a very low pain rating and with no major complications and high patient satisfaction.
Short-term Treatment Outcomes of Facial Rejuvenation Using the Mint Lift Fine
Authors: Moon Hyoung-Jin , Chang Dooyeol , Lee Won 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Threadlifts are classified as absorbable or nonabsorbable, natural or synthetic, and multifilament or monofilament ones, each of which has its own merits and demerits. We placed a novel absorbable polydioxanone monofilament threadlift (Mint Lift Fine; HansBiomed Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea) in the subcutaneous fat compartment for facial rejuvenation in patients with nasolabial folds, nasojugal groove, marionette lines, or sagging jowl. Here, we describe its short-term treatment outcomes in a retrospective consecutive series of 21 patients.

Methods:
A total of 21 patients (n = 21) were evaluated; their treatment outcomes were described based on a comparison between preoperative and postoperative findings and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) scores were assessed at 6 months. This is accompanied by analysis of the incidence of postoperative complications.

Results:
The patients had a mean GAIS score of 3.62 ± 0.84 points, which corresponds to “Much improved” or “Very much improved.” Moreover, there were no significant differences in the GAIS scores between the target sites (midface and lower face: 3.78 ± 1.13; lower face: 3.43 ± 0.50; and midface: 3.60 ± 0.49; P > 0.05). Furthermore, there were a total of 4 cases (19.0%) of postoperative complications, all of which were spontaneously resolved within a maximum period of 4 months.

Conclusions:
We describe short-term treatment outcomes of facial rejuvenation using the Mint Lift Fine in patients with nasolabial folds, nasojugal groove, marionette lines, or sagging jowl. But further large-scale, prospective, multicenter studies with long periods of follow-up are, therefore, warranted to establish our results.
Utilization of a Simple Surgical Guide for Multidirectional Cranial Distraction Osteogenesis in Craniosynostosis
Authors: Matsui Chihiro , Tokuyama Eijiro , Senoo Takaya , Yamada Kiyoshi , Kameda Masahiro , Takeuchi Tetsuo , Kimata Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Multidirectional cranial distraction osteogenesis (MCDO) can achieve a desired shape for deformities of the cranium. In the past, visual estimation was used to reflect on the actual skull, but it was time-consuming and inaccurate. Here we demonstrate an effective osteotomy navigation method using surgical guides made from a dental impression silicone.

Methods:
Seven patients who underwent MCDO between August 2013 and September 2016 were included in the study. Five cases involved utilization of the surgical guide for osteotomy. Three-dimensional (3D) printed cranium models were made using 3D computed tomography (3DCT) imaging data and dental impression silicone sheets were molded using the printed cranium models. These surgical guides were sterilized and used for intraoperative osteotomy design. Vertical distance between nasion/porion and osteotomy lines were calculated using 3D printed cranial models and postoperative 3DCT images to assess reproducibility.

Results:
The average surgical time/design time was 535/37.0 minutes for the nonsurgical guide group and 486.8/11.8 minutes for the surgical guide group (SG).Treatment using the surgical guide was significantly shorter in terms of operative time and time required for design. For the vertical distance comparison, the average distance was 5.7mm (SD = 0.3) in the non-SG and 2.5mm (SD = 0.44) in the SG, and SG was more accurate.

Conclusions:
Shorter operative times and higher reproducibility rates could be achieved by using the proposed surgical guide, which is accurate, low-cost, and easily accessible.
The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with node-positive gastric cancer after curative surgery
Authors: Lum Chih Yean , Huang Kuo-Hung , Chen Ming-Huang , Fang Wen-Liang , Chao Yee , Lo Su-Shun , Li Anna Fen-Yau , Wu Chew-Wun , Shyr Yi-Ming 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Lymph node (LN) metastasis is one of the independent prognostic factors of gastric cancer (GC). The difference in survival rates and initial recurrence patterns in patients with node-positive GC with retrieved LN numbers greater than or less than 16 is worthy of further study.

Methods:
A total of 1314 patients with node-positive GC were enrolled. The clinicopathological characteristics, retrieved LN numbers, adjuvant chemotherapy, initial recurrence patterns, and survival differences between serosa-negative and serosa-positive GC were investigated.

Results:
For serosa-negative GC, patients with retrieved LN numbers ≥16 were associated with fewer tumor recurrences, locoregional recurrences, distant metastases, and better 5-year overall survival (OS) rates and disease-free survival (DFS) rates. For serosa-positive GC, patients with retrieved LN numbers ≥16 were associated with similar locoregional and distant metastasis and similar 5-year OS and DFS rates compared with those with retrieved LN numbers <16. Retrieved LN numbers fewer than 16 can cause stage migration compared with retrieved LN numbers ≥16. Multivariate analysis showed that both the retrieved LN numbers (≥ or <16) and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors affecting OS in serosa-negative GC, while adjuvant chemotherapy but not the retrieved LN numbers was an independent prognostic factor of OS in serosa-positive GC.

Conclusion:
For serosa-negative GC, retrieved LN numbers fewer than 16 can cause stage migration, a higher tumor recurrence rate and worse OS and DFS rates compared with patients with retrieved LN numbers ≥16. Due to a high tumor recurrence rate in serosa-positive GC, adjuvant chemotherapy rather than retrieved LN numbers played an important role in improving patient prognosis.
Quality and Safety in Health Care, Part LXIX
Authors: Harolds Jay A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The chief medical officer (CMO) is a key member of the administration of most large health care systems. The CMO helps with communication between the medical staff and the nonphysician administrators. The CMO typically plays an important role in utilization review, ensuring compliance with laws and regulations, peer review, credentialing, and privileging. One of the most important roles of the CMO has been to improve quality and safety while keeping costs under control, although now many institutions also have quality and safety officers. In addition, the CMO plays a major role in advising the administration regarding clinical equipment purchases, including those for emerging technologies, and in long-range clinical planning.
COVID–19 Disease Dynamics in Germany: First Models and Parameter
Identification
Authors: Götz Thomas , Heidrich Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since the end of 2019 an outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus, called
SARS– CoV–2, is reported from China and later other parts of the world. Since
January 21, WHO reports daily data on confirmed cases and deaths from both China
and other countries [1]. The Johns Hopkins University [5] collects those data
from various sources worldwide on a daily basis. For Germany, the
Robert–Koch–Institute (RKI) also issues daily reports on the current number of
infections and infection related fatal cases [2]. However, due to delays in the
data collection, the data from RKI always lags behind those reported by Johns
Hopkins. In this work we present an extended SEIR–model to describe the disease
dynamics in Germany. The parameter values are identified by matching the model
output to the officially reported cases. An additional parameter to capture the
influence of unidentified cases is also included in the model.

There’s an evil virus that’s
threatening mankind […]
A menace to society
Iron Maiden, Virus, 1996.
Quantifying early COVID-19 outbreak transmission in South Africa and exploring vaccine efficacy scenarios
Authors: Mukandavire Z. , Nyabadza F. , Malunguza N. J. , Cuadros D. F. , Shiri T. , Musuka G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 has emerged and spread at great speed globally and has presented one of the greatest public health challenges in modern times with no proven cure or vaccine. Africa is still early in this epidemic, therefore the spectrum of disease severity is not yet clear.MethodsWe used a mathematical model to fit to the observed cases of COVID-19 in South Africa to estimate the basic reproductive number and critical vaccination coverages to control the disease for different hypothetical vaccine efficacy scenarios. We also estimated the percentage reduction in effective contacts due to the social distancing measures implemented.ResultsEarly model estimates show that COVID-19 outbreak in South Africa had a basic re-productive number of 2.95 (95% credible interval [CrI] 2.83-3.33). A vaccine with 70% efficacy had the capacity to contain COVID-19 outbreak but at very higher vaccination coverage 94.44% (95% Crl 92.44-99.92%) with a vaccine of 100% efficacy requiring 66.10% (95% Crl 64.72-69.95%) coverage. Social distancing measures put in place have so far reduced the number of social contacts by 80.31% (95% Crl 79.76-80.85%).ConclusionsFindings suggest a highly efficacious vaccine would have been required to contain COVID-19 in South Africa. Therefore, the current social distancing measures to reduce contacts will remain key in controlling the infection in the absence of vaccines and other therapeutics.
TESTING, TRACING AND SOCIAL DISTANCING: ASSESSING OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF COVID_19
Authors: Humphrey Lia , Thommes Edward W. , Fields Roie , Coudeville Laurent , Hakim Naseem , Chit Ayman , Cojocaru Monica G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work we present an analysis of non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented around the world in the fight against COVID-19: Social distancing, shelter-in-place, mask wearing, etc measures to protect the susceptible, together with, in various degrees, testing & contact-tracing to identify, isolate and treat the infected. The majority of countries have relied on the former, while ramping up their testing and tracing capabilities. We consider the examples of South Korea, Italy, Canada and the United States. By fitting a disease transmission model to daily case report data, we show that in each of the four countries their combination of social-distancing and testing/tracing to date have had a significant impact on the evolution of their pandemic curves. In this work we estimate the average isolation rates of infected individuals needing to occur in each country as a result of large-scale testing and contact tracing as a mean of lifting social distancing measures, without a resurgence of COVID-19. We find that an average isolation rate of an infected individual every 4.5 days (South Korea), 5.7 days (Canada) and to 6 days (Italy) would be sufficient. We also find that a rate of under 3.5 days will help in the United States, although it would not completely mitigate the second wave the country is currently under.
A new design of an adaptive model of infectious diseases based on artificial intelligence approach: monitoring and forecasting of COVID-19 epidemic cases
Authors: Nail Bachir , Rabehi Abdelaziz , Bekhiti Belkacem , Arbaoui Taha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMathematical infectious disease models available in literature, mostly take in their design that the parameters of basic reproduction number R0 and interval serial SI as constant values during tracking the outbreak cases. In this report a new intelligent model called HH-COVID-19 is proposed, with simple design and adaptive parameters.MethodsThe parameters R0 and SI are adapted by adding three new weighting factors α, β and γ and two free parameters σ1 and σ2 in function of time t, thus the HH-COVID-19 become time-variant model. The parameters R0, SI, α, β, γ, σ1 and σ2 are estimated optimally based on a recent algorithm of artificial intelligence (AI), inspired from nature called Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO), using the data of the confirmed infected cases in Algeria country in the first t = 55 days.ResultsParameters estimated optimally: R0 = 1.341, SI = 5.991, α = 2.987, β = 1.566, γ = 4.998, σ1 = −0.133 and σ2 = 0.0324. R0 starts on 1.341 and ends to 2.677, and SI starts on 5.991 and ends to 6.692. The estimated results are identically to the actual infected incidence in Algeria, HH-COVID-19 proved its superiority in comparison study. HH-COVID-19 predicts that in 1 May, the infected cases exceed 50 000, during May, to reach quickly the herd immunity stage at beginning of July.ConclusionHH-COVID-19 can be used for tracking any COVID-19 outbreak cases around the world, just should updating its new parameters to fitting the area to be studied, especially when the population is directly vulnerable to COVID-19 infection.