bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scintillating glass‐ceramic substrates for indirect flat panel detectors in digital radiography
Authors: Leonard Russell L. , Berkowitz Danielle T. , Thomas Austin , Howansky Adrian , Lubinsky Anthony R. , Johnson Jacqueline A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndirect flat panel detectors (I‐FPDs) enable digital radiography at high X‐ray energies. However, the performance of these devices is limited due to the large number of X rays that pass through them undetected. The authors hypothesize that a glass‐based scintillator may serve as a substrate for the thin film transistors and photodiodes in an I‐FPD, leading to improvements in X‐ray detection for improved performance. The authors synthesized a series of five glass‐ceramic scintillators based on an oxyhalide glass matrix. Each glass ceramic contains barium chloride crystals which serve as scattering centers to prevent “light trapping” in the material; barium chloride is also a well‐known scintillation crystal. Four of the samples contain trivalent terbium, which serves as a second luminescent center. The light output of each sample was compared against a well‐known X‐ray scintillator, gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS) under RQA9 exposure conditions, in the back‐irradiation configuration. The addition of terbium oxide to the glass composition increases the detected light output, which varies by concentration. The thickness of the glass‐ceramic scintillator has a profound effect on performance, with the results influenced by such factors as self‐attenuation of emission in the thicker samples and decreased X‐ray capture in the thinner samples. The brightest sample tested achieved a light output 13% that of the GOS intensifier screen. The results indicate that the use of scintillating glass‐ceramic substrates should lead to increased performance in indirect digital radiography.
MicroRNA‐203–mediated inhibition of doublecortin underpins cardioprotection conferred by sevoflurane in rats after myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Tan Jian , Wu Zhiguo , Liu Jun , Zhang Wenting , Yuan Wanqiu , Peng Hong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMyocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious illness with high morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence indicates the utility of sevoflurane (SEV) in the treatment of myocardial I/R injury. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective action of SEV against myocardial I/R injury. A rat model of myocardial I/R injury was established, and I/R rats were treated with different concentrations of SEV. MicroRNA‐203 (miR‐203) and doublecortin (DCX) expression levels were determined using reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Putative target relationship between miR‐203 and DCX was explored using dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. Ischaemia‐reperfusion rats were treated with SEV, miR‐203 antagomir or sh‐DCX, followed by determination of oxidative stress‐ and inflammation‐related factor levels using nitrite and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and that of apoptosis‐related factors using Western blot analysis. The apoptotic rate of myocardial tissues was determined using TdT‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and the infract area was evaluated using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The results showed miR‐203 was poorly expressed and DCX was highly expressed in myocardial tissues of I/R rats. Sevoflurane was found to elevate miR‐203, and miR‐203, in turn, could target and reduce DCX expression. Sevoflurane, miR‐203 overexpression or DCX silencing resulted in declined oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and infarct area, ultimately alleviating myocardial I/R injury. Collectively, these findings showed that SEV‐activated miR‐203 exhibited suppressive effects on myocardial I/R injury in rats and highlighted the SEV/miR‐203/DCX axis as a promising therapeutic target for myocardial I/R injury management.
Musashi2 promotes the progression of pancreatic cancer through a novel ISYNA1‐p21/ZEB‐1 pathway
Authors: Zhou Lei , Sheng WeiWei , Jia Chao , Shi Xiaoyang , Cao Rongxian , Wang Guosen , Lin Yiheng , Zhu Fang , Dong Qi , Dong Ming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur previous studies found overexpression of Musashi2 (MSI2) conduced to the progression and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer (PC) by negative regulation of Numb and wild type p53 (wtp53). Now, we further investigated the novel signalling involved with MSI2 in PC. We identified inositol‐3‐phosphate synthase 1 (ISYNA1) as a novel tumour suppressor regulated by MSI2. High MSI2 and low ISYNA1 expression were prevalently observed in 91 PC tissues. ISYNA1 expression was negatively correlated with MSI2 expression, T stage, vascular permeation and poor prognosis in PC patients. What's more, patients expressed high MSI2 and low ISYNA1 level had a significant worse prognosis. And in wtp53 Capan‐2 and SW1990 cells, ISYNA1 was downregulated by p53 silencing. ISYNA1 silencing promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle by inhibiting p21 and enhanced cell migration and invasion by upregulating ZEB‐1. However, MSI2 silencing upregulated ISYNA1 and p21 but downregulated ZEB‐1, which can be rescued by ISYNA1 silencing. Moreover, reduction of cell migration and invasion resulting from MSI2 silencing was significantly reversed by ISYNA1 silencing. In summary, MSI2 facilitates the development of PC through a novel ISYNA1‐p21/ZEB‐1 pathway, which provides new gene target therapy for PC.
Invivocharacterization of healthy human skin with a novel, non‐invasive imaging technique: line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography
Authors: Monnier J. , Tognetti L. , Miyamoto M. , Suppa M. , Cinotti E. , Fontaine M. , Perez J. , Orte Cano C. , Yélamos O. , Puig S. , Dubois A. , Rubegni P. , del Marmol V. , Malvehy J. , Perrot J.L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLine‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a non‐invasive optical technique recently developed for skin examinationin vivo. It provides real‐time, high‐resolution vertical images with an isotropic resolution of ~1 µm and a penetration depth of ~500 µm.ObjectivesStudy goals were to qualitatively/quantitatively characterize healthy skin at different body sites using LC‐OCT.MethodsThe skin of young healthy volunteers was imaged with a handheld LC‐OCT imaging device. Seven body sites (back of the hand, forehead, cheek, nose, chest, forearm and back) were investigated. An independent qualitative [cutaneous structures' description; visibility of keratinocytes' nuclei and dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ)] and quantitative [stratum corneum(SC)/epidermal thicknesses; height of dermal papillae] assessment of the LC‐OCT images was performed.ResultsA total of 88 LC‐OCT images were collected from 29 participants (20 females; nine males; mean age 25.9 years). Keratinocytes' nuclei and DEJ were visible in the totality of images. The different layers of the epidermis and the remaining cutaneous structures/findings were visualized. Body sites‐related variability was detected for SC/epidermal thicknesses and height of dermal papillae. Inter‐observer agreement was excellent (SC thickness), good‐to‐excellent (epidermal thickness) and moderate‐to‐good (papillae).ConclusionsLine‐field confocal‐OCT provides non‐invasive, real‐time imaging of the skinin vivowith deep penetration and high resolution, enabling the visualization of single cells. The histology‐like vertical view provides an easy way to recognize/measure different cutaneous structures/findings. LC‐OCT appears as a promising technique for the examination of physiological/pathological skin.
Iterative taxonomy reveals a new species ofTrichomycterusValenciennes 1832 (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) widespread in Rio Doce basin: a pseudocryptic ofT. immaculatus
Authors: Reis Vinícius J. C. , dos Santos Sergio A. , Britto Marcelo R. , de Assis Volpi Thaís , de Pinna Mário C. C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper reports on a new species ofTrichomycterusfrom the Rio Doce basin. Unusually for new taxa in the genus during the past few decades, the new species is not narrowly endemic but instead widely distributed in its major drainage, the Rio Doce. The species has been collected and deposited in scientific collections for some years, but has been systematically misidentified as the more abundantTrichomycterus immaculatusor, to a lesser degree, as other morphologically similar species from south‐eastern Brazil such asT. nigricansandT. pradensis. A combination of several morphological characteristics, such as vertebral number, pectoral‐fin ray counts, pigmentation pattern and barcoding distance, were iteratively used and unambiguously distinguish the new species from all congeners. The present case reveals a pattern of diversity‐discovery in which rare and narrowly endemic morphologically conspicuous species are discovered and described before visually inconspicuous taxa, even when the latter are more abundant and widespread. The morphological similarities among south‐eastern Brazilian species with a uniform dark‐grey color serve as basis for a brief discussion about the concepts of cryptic and pseudo‐cryptic species inTrichomycterusand their consequences for potentially hidden diversity in the genus.
Outcome Measures for Interventions to Reduce Inappropriate Chronic Drugs: A Narrative Review
Authors: Aubert Carole E. , Kerr Eve A. , Maratt Jennifer K. , Klamerus Mandi L. , Hofer Timothy P. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUNDInappropriate prescribing is a highly important problem, given the growing aging multimorbid population with associated polypharmacy. An increasing number of studies have recently developed and tested interventions to withdraw inappropriate drugs, a process called deprescribing. However, we still lack complete information on the types and prevalence of measures used to assess the success of such interventions.OBJECTIVETo categorize and synthesize the full spectrum of measures used in intervention studies focused on reducing inappropriate prescribing of chronic drugs in adults, to standardize measurements in future studies and help researchers design studies inclusive of the important measure types.DESIGNWe searched Ovid/MEDLINE to identify intervention studies focused on deprescribing chronic drugs in adults, published between 2010 and 2019.MEASUREMENTSWe extracted data on study characteristics, intervention components, and outcome measures. We categorized and synthesized the measures using a comprehensive and systematic framework, separating measures of intended and unintended consequences.RESULTSMost (90/93) studies used measures of appropriate prescribing, such as drug cessation or dose reduction. The following measures were used infrequently across studies: patient‐reported experience, preferences, and outcome (12 (13%), 2 (2%), and 25 (27%) studies, respectively); provider‐reported experience (11 (12%) studies); patient‐provider interaction (4 (4%) studies); and measures of unintended consequences (24 (26%) studies). Studies varied in the type and number of measures assessed, ranging from 1 to 20 different measures by study.CONCLUSIONTo ensure initiation, success, and long‐term sustainability of deprescribing, it is important to assess the success of intervention studies using clinically relevant patient‐ and provider‐centered measures. This categorized synthesis of outcome measures used in deprescribing studies may facilitate implementation of important measure types (e.g., patient‐reported measures and measures of unintended consequences) in future studies. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2390–2398, 2020.
SINAT E3 ligases regulate the stability of the ESCRT component FREE1 in response to iron deficiency in plants
Authors: Xiao Zhidan , Yang Chao , Liu Chuanliang , Yang Lianming , Yang Shuhong , Zhou Jun , Li Faqiang , Jiang Liwen , Xiao Shi , Gao Caiji , Shen Wenjin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is an ancient, evolutionarily conserved membrane remodeling complex that is essential for multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis in eukaryotes. FYVE DOMAIN PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR ENDOSOMAL SORTING 1 (FREE1), which was previously identified as a plant‐specific ESCRT component, modulates MVB‐mediated endosomal sorting and autophagic degradation. Although the basic cellular functions of FREE1 as an ESCRT component have been described, the regulators that control FREE1 turnover remain unknown. Here, we analyzed how FREE1 homeostasis is mediated by the RING‐finger E3 ubiquitin ligases, SINA of Arabidopsis thaliana (SINATs), in response to iron deficiency. Under iron‐deficient growth conditions, SINAT1‐4 were induced and ubiquitinated FREE1, thereby promoting its degradation and relieving the repressive effect of FREE1 on iron absorption. By contrast, SINAT5, another SINAT member that lacks ubiquitin ligase activity due to the absence of the RING domain, functions as a protector protein which stabilizes FREE1. Collectively, our findings uncover a hitherto unknown mechanism of homeostatic regulation of FREE1, and demonstrate a unique regulatory SINAT–FREE1 module that subtly regulates plant response to iron deficiency stress.
Self‐transcendence and life stories of humanistic growth among late‐midlife adults
Authors: Reischer Hollen N. , Roth Laura J. , Villarreal Jorge A. , McAdams Dan P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐transcendence is the experience of feeling connected to something greater than oneself. Previous studies have shown high scores on self‐transcendence are associated with well‐being and other psychological benefits, but have rarely examined the lived experiences of highly self‐transcendent people.MethodBlack and White men and women in late‐midlife completed Life Story Interviews and self‐report measures of self‐transcendence. In Study 1 (N = 144, Mage = 56.4), we used grounded theory methodology to differentiate the stories told by participants scoring either extremely high or extremely low on self‐transcendence. In Study 2 (N = 125; Mage = 60.4), we created a quantitative coding scheme and scored 1,375 new life story scenes.ResultsIn Study 1, six narrative themes were identified (closure, interconnectedness, lifelong learning, secure attachment, self‐actualization, and spiritual pluralism) as part of a “humanistic growth story.” In Study 2, four of the narrative themes were found to predict self‐transcendence scores with significant effect sizes of β = .26 to .47.ConclusionsIn our sample, highly self‐transcendent individuals tended to narrate their lived experiences as spiritual journeys of humanistic growth. This study adds to our understanding of one path of personality growth in late‐midlife, that toward self‐transcendence.
Reimagining Just War as Anchored in, Tethered to, and Tempered by Mercy
Authors: Winright Tobias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis essay considers whether the just war tradition is compatible with Christian theologically grounded conceptions of mercy. After considering and rejecting positions that pit mercy and war against each other, the essay mines the work of Walter Kasper and James Keenan on Christian mercy to develop a position that reimagines mercy as compatible with traditional just war criteria. In particular, this analysis leads to the conclusion that Christians may endorse just war in the form of humanitarian intervention. By doing so, they allow mercy to temper the aspects of warfare that diminish the humanity of others.
Mercy as a Public Virtue
Authors: Flores Nichole 
Published: August 2020

AbstractJames F. Keenan defines mercy as “the willingness to enter the chaos of another.” Mercy thus defined, he argues, is the distinctive characteristic of Christian morality. This essay asserts that mercy is, in fact, a public virtue, one that can be affirmed across a broad range of religious and moral traditions. As a public virtue, mercy ought to shape both affective and effective responses to the Syrian refugee crisis in the United States.
Recent trends in targeting miRNAs for cancer therapy
Authors: Shah Vandit , Shah Jigna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small noncoding RNA employed by the cells for gene regulation. A single miRNA, typically 22 nucleotides in length, can regulate the expression of numerous genes. Over the past decade, the study of miRNA biology in the context of cancer has led to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.

Key findings
MicroRNA dysregulation is commonly associated with cancer, in part because miRNAs are actively involved in the mechanisms like genomic instabilities, aberrant transcriptional control, altered epigenetic regulation and biogenesis machinery defects. MicroRNAs can regulate oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes and thus when altered can lead to tumorigenesis. Expression profiling of miRNAs has boosted the possibilities of application of miRNAs as potential cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets, although the feasibility of these approaches will require further validation.

Summary
In this review, we will focus on how miRNAs regulate tumour development and the potential applications of targeting miRNAs for cancer therapy.
Atlanto‐axial ventral stabilisation using 3D‐printed patient‐specific drill guides for placement of bicortical screws in dogs
Authors: Toni C. , Oxley B. , Behr S. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo report outcome and complications following atlanto‐axial stabilisation by polymethylmethacrylate applied to screws placed using 3D‐printed patient‐specific drill guides.Materials and MethodsCase series of dogs treated with this technique between May 2016 and August 2018 including pre‐ and post‐operative modified Frankel score, imaging and complications. Screw placement was graded using a modified Zdichavsky classification based on post‐operative CT. Telephone follow‐up was obtained for surviving dogs.ResultsTwelve cases were included. At presentation, modified Frankel score was 3 in five dogs and 4 in seven dogs on presentation. Of 61 bicortical screws placed, 57 (93%) were fully contained within the pedicle and vertebral body and four (7%) partially breached the medial pedicle wall. Post‐operative CT revealed good alignment of C1 and C2 in all planes. Reversible perioperative adverse events were described in five of 12 dogs and two dogs were euthanased shortly after discharge. At 18 to 50 days after surgery eight dogs had improved neurological status. Neurological status remained unchanged in the remaining two dogs. All dogs were reported ambulatory and pain‐free at telephone follow‐up (median 405 days post‐surgery, range 180 to 780 days).Clinical SignificanceThis technique resulted in safe bicortical screw placement in dogs with atlanto‐axial subluxation.
Towards a critical realist epistemology?
Authors: Albert Katelin , Brundage Jonah Stuart , Sweet Paige , Vandenberghe Frédéric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhen critical realists consider epistemology they typically start from “epistemological relativism.” We find this position necessary, but we also find it insufficient because it lacks a critique of the highly unequal social relations among observers themselves—relations that shape the very production of knowledge. While it is indeed the case that all knowledge is fallible, it is also the case that all knowledge is positioned, with a particular standpoint. What is more, the social power relations between standpoints organize the production of truth in ways that produce systematic distortions. In this paper, we propose a critical realist social epistemology. We introduce feminist standpoint theory and postcolonial theory as our suggested interventions into critical realism and we use two case studies of existing work to highlight i) the social production of truth and the real, and ii) what is at stake for radicalizing epistemology in critical realism. In so doing, our paper emphasizes the epistemic complexities that continuously shape ontology, a commitment to subaltern voices or experiences, and a thorough interrogation of the relations between positions of knowledge production.
The prognostic role of soluble transforming growth factor‐β and its correlation with soluble programmed death‐ligand 1 in biliary tract cancer
Authors: Kim Jin Won , Lee Kyung‐Hun , Kim Ji‐Won , Suh Koung Jin , Nam Ah‐Rong , Bang Ju‐Hee , Jin Mei Hua , Oh Kyoung‐Seok , Kim Jae‐Min , Kim Tae‐Yong , Oh Do‐Youn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the association between soluble TGF‐β (sTGF‐β) and soluble PD‐L1 (sPDL1), the dynamics of sTGF‐β during treatment and its prognostic role in biliary tract cancer (BTC).MethodsThe study population consisted of 90 BTC patients with first‐line chemotherapy (cohort 1) and 35 BTC patients with second‐ or third‐line chemotherapy (cohort 2). Plasma sTGF‐β and sPDL1 levels were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsIn both groups, sTGF‐β was positive correlated with sPDL1 for baseline and change values after treatment. sTGF‐β was elevated at disease progression compared to baseline in cohort 1 (P < .001). Increased sTGF‐β after treatment revealed worse DFS and OS (P = .024, P = .028, respectively) in cohort 1 and significantly shorter OS (P = .020) in cohort 2. In multivariable analysis, this prognostic value of increased sTGF‐β for OS retained its significance in both cohorts (Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.8, 95% CI, 1.1‐3.0, P = .028, in cohort 1; HR = 4.7, 95% CI, 1.5‐14.6, P = .007, in cohort 2).ConclusionsIn BTC, sTGF‐β was positively correlated with sPDL1 for baseline and changes after chemotherapy, and increased as tumour burden. sTGF‐β could be associated with survival; particularly, an elevated value after treatment suggests worse prognosis.
The association of the steatosis severity in fatty liver disease with coronary plaque pattern in general population
Authors: Hsu Pai‐Feng , Wang Ying‐Wen , Lin Chung‐Chi , Wang Yuan‐Jen , Ding Yaw‐Zon , Liou Teh‐Ling , Huang Shao‐Sung , Lu Tse‐Min , Chan Wan‐Leong , Lin Shing‐Jong , Leu Hsin‐Bang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly observed in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, whether the steatosis severity of NAFLD is independently associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis is still controversial.MethodsConsecutive Taiwanese individuals (1502) who received coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and abdominal sonography as part of a general routine health evaluation were enrolled. The association between steatosis severity, coronary atherosclerosis involvement and various plaque patterns were analysed.ResultsCompared with non‐steatosis, NAFLD subjects had more cardiovascular risk factors that correlated with the severity of steatosis (P for the trend <.05). The presence of atherosclerotic plaques correlated with the severity of steatosis (none: 53%, mild: 64.1%, and moderate to severe: 66.9%; P for the trend <.001). Parameters of coronary atherosclerosis, including atheroma burden obstructive score (ABOS), segment involvement score (SIS) and segment stenosis score (SSS), were higher in the moderate to severe steatosis group. After adjusting for major confounding factors, the severity of steatosis still correlated with the mixed plaque pattern (P = .043). Subgroup analysis of the risk of the presence of overall coronary and mixed plaques showed a significant association with increasing severity of steatosis, especially among these who were <65 years old, male, without metabolic syndrome, and with lower low‐density lipoprotein choleseterol values.ConclusionIn this general population, steatosis severity of NAFLD is associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis burden. Furthermore, steatosis severity correlated with the risk of the presence of coronary plaques, especially high‐risk plaques, and was independent of traditional risk factors.