bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the adult consequences of adolescent mental health: findings from the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts
Authors: Thompson Ellen Jo , Richards Marcus , Ploubidis George B. , Fonagy Peter , Patalay Praveetha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the associations between adolescent externalising and internalising mental health difficulties and mid-life health and social outcomes are changing across cohorts.MethodsData from 31,349 participants followed as part of two prospective national birth cohort studies: 1958 National Child Development Study (n=16091) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (n=15258). Adolescent mental health at age 16 years was assessed using the Rutter scales and operationalised as both a traditional 2-factor internalising and externalising and as a hierarchical bi-factor. Associations between adolescent psychopathology and health and wellbeing (mental health, general health, life satisfaction) and socio-economic (cohabitation, voting behaviour, education and employment) outcomes at ages 42 are estimated and illustrated across cohorts.ResultsThe prevalence of adolescent mental health difficulties increased between those born in 1958 and 1970. Their associations with different midlife outcomes became more severe or remained similar in the 1970 compared the 1958 cohort. For instance, a stronger association with adolescent mental health difficulties was found for those born in 1970, compared with those born in 1958 for midlife psychological distress (OR 1970=1.82 [1.65;1.99], OR 1958=1.60 [1.43;1.79], cohabitation (OR 1970=0.64 [0.59;0.70], OR 1958=0.74 [1.43;1.79]), and professional occupations (OR 1970=0.75 [0.67;0.84], OR 1958=1.05 [0.88;1.24]). A hierarchical bi-factor approach to modelling adolescent mental health indicated that the associations of externalising symptoms with later outcomes were mainly explained by their shared variance with internalising symptoms.ConclusionA strengthening trend in the associations of adolescent mental health with adverse mid-life outcomes across two generations highlights the individual and societal burden of adolescent mental health problems might be increasing. If this trend continues to apply to more recently born cohorts, the wide-ranging implications of the increasing prevalence in adolescent mental health difficulties currently observed should be recognised and increased public health efforts to minimise adverse outcomes are needed.
Cultural values predict national COVID-19 death rates
Authors: Ruck Damian J. , Borycz Joshua , Bentley R. Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNational responses to a pandemic require populations to comply through personal behaviors that occur in a cultural context. Here we show that aggregated cultural values of nations, derived from World Values Survey data, have been at least as important as top-down government actions in predicting the impact of COVID-19. Whereas trust in institutions predicts lower COVID-19 deaths per capita, secular-rationalism and cosmopolitanism each predict more deaths. The effects of these cultural values register more strongly than government efficiency. This suggests that open democracies may face greater challenges in limiting a pandemic, and that all nations should consider their cultural values as actionable parameters in their future preparations.
A New Adaptive Logistic Model for Epidemics and the Resurgence of COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Roberts David H. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe Adaptive Logistic Model (ALM) of epidemics incorporates the results of infection mitigation effects on the course of an epidemic, and well describes the histories of the COVID-19 epidemics in many countries, including the United States. In particular, it is much more successful than is a basic logistic model. However, in the U.S. these mitigation efforts have recently been relaxed in many places, resulting in the second peak in infections that started in late May of 2020. In this paper the ALM is modified to account for the relaxation of these mitigation effects, leading to the Adaptive Logistic Model 2 (ALM-2). The ALM-2 is then used to understand quantitatively the second peak of COVID-19 cases. The ALM-2 is also successfully applied to the data on deaths even though they do not yet show a second peak.
Training and reployment of non-specialists is an effective solution for the shortage of health care workers in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kuang Ming , Wu Jianfeng , Luo Yifeng , Xiao Han , Liang Ruiming , Hu Wenjie , Cheng Shouzhen , Zhou Qian , Peng Sui , Cheng KarKeung , Xiao Haipeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImportanceIn the COVID-19 pandemic many countries encounter problems arising from shortage of specialists. Short intensive training and reployment of non-specialists is an option but the effectiveness is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate whether there was difference in in-hospital mortality rates between COVID-19 patients managed by a mixed team (including non-specialists who had short intensive training and operated to a strict protocol) and those managed by a specialist team of health care workers.DesignCohort study, from January 26, 2020 to April 7, 2020, follow up to April 7, 2020.SettingMulticenter - Wuhan Hankou Hospital and Wuhan Xiehe Hospital, Wuhan, China.Participants261 HCWs deployed to Wuhan from Guangdong emergency rescue team and the 269 COVID-19 patients they treated.ExposureAmong 261 health care workers, 130 were in the specialist team and included 33 physicians, 32 of whom (97.0%) of whom were from relevant specialties. Each physician was in charge of 25-27 beds, with a 6-hour shift time. The mixed team included 131 health care workers, with 7 of the 28 physicians (25.0%) from relevant specialties. Each physician managed 12-13 beds, with a 4-hour shift time.Non-specialists received short-term intensive training and then followed strict management protocols. Specialists practiced as normal.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcome was in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients. Another outcome was rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers.ResultsA total of 269 patients were included (144 male). In-hospital mortality rate of patients treated by the specialist teams and the mixed teams was 12.6% (20/159) and 12.7% (14/110) respectively (Difference = −0.1%, 95% CI −8.2% to 7.9%, p=.97). None of the health care workers were infected.Conclusions and RelevanceTraining and reployment of non-specialists is an effective solution for the shortage of health care workers in the COVID-19 pandemic.Key PointsQuestionWas there difference in mortality rates between COVID-19 patients managed by a mixed team (including non-specialists who had short intensive training and operated to a strict protocol) and those managed by a specialist team of health care workers (HCWs)?FindingsIn-hospital mortality rate among patients managed by specialist team (130 HCWs, 159 patients) and mixed team (131 HCWs, 110 patients) was 12.6% (20/159) and 12.7% (14/110) respectively (Difference = −0.1%, 95% CI −8.2% to 7.9%, p=.97).MeaningWith shortage of specialist HCWs, training and reployment of non-specialists is an effective option in the management of COVID-19 patients.
Trends in demographic and clinical characteristics of patients enrolled in HIV care and subsequent Antiretroviral Therapy initiation in the Central Africa International epidemiology Database to Evaluate AIDS (CA-IeDEA) Adult Cohort 2004-2018
Authors: Adedimeji Adebola A. , Hoover Donald R. , Shi Qiuhu , Kim Hae-Young , Brazier Ellen , Ross Jonathan , Murenzi Gad , Twizere Christella , Lelo Patricia , Nsonde Dominique , Ajeh Rogers , Dzudie Anastase , Nash Denis , Yotebieng Marcel , Anastos Kathryn M. ,   for the Central Africa IeDEA Consortium
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Central Africa International epidemiology Database to Evaluate AIDS (CA-IeDEA) is a prospective study investigating impact, progression and long-term outcomes of HIV/AIDS among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo (ROC) and Rwanda. We described trends in baseline demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics of patients aged >15 years entering into HIV care in the participating CA-IeDEA site and subsequent ART initiation.Materials and MethodsInformation on socio-demographic characteristics, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), CD4 cell count, WHO staging and ART status at entry into care from 2004 to 2018 were extracted from clinic records of patients aged >15 years enrolling in HIV care at participating clinics in Burundi, Cameroon, DRC, ROC and Rwanda. We assessed trends in patient characteristics at enrollment in HIV care and ART initiation at the participating site and calculated proportions, means and medians (interquartile ranges) for the main variables of interest.ResultsAmong 69,176 participants in the CA-IeDEA cohort, 39% % were from Rwanda,, 24% from ROC, 18% from Cameroon, 14% from Burundi and 5% from DRC. More women (66%) than men were enrolled in care and subsequently initiated ART. Women were also younger (32 years) than men (38 years) (p= <0.001) when they enrolled in care or subsequently initiated ART at the participating site. Trends over time show increases in median CD4 cell count of 190 cells/uL in 2004 to 334 cells/uL in 2018 at enrollment. Among those with complete data on CD4 counts (60%), women had higher median CD4 cell count at care entry in the CA-IeDEA site (299 cells/uL) versus men (249 cells/uL; p= < 0.001).Trends in proportion of patients using ART show an increase from 16% in 2004 to 75% in 2018 among those initiating ART for the first time after entry into care in the participating site. As expected, median CD4 generally increased after ART initiation (p= <0.001).ConclusionTrends from 2004-2018 in the characteristics of patients participating in the CA-IeDEA cohort highlight improvements over time at entry into care and subsequent ART in all participating sites.
Using Hawkes Processes to model imported and local malaria cases in near-elimination settings
Authors: Unwin H. Juliette T. , Routledge Isobel , Flaxman Seth , Rizoiu Marian-Andrei , Lai Shengjie , Cohen Justin , Weiss Daniel J. , Mishra Swapnil , Bhatt Samir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeveloping new methods for modelling infectious diseases outbreaks is important for monitoring transmission and developing policy. In this paper we propose using semi-mechanistic Hawkes Processes for modelling malaria transmission in near-elimination settings. Hawkes Processes are mathematical methods that enable us to combine the benefits of both statistical and mechanistic models to recreate and forecast disease transmission beyond just malaria outbreak scenarios. These methods have been successfully used in social media and earthquake modelling, but are not yet widespread in epidemiology. By using domain-specific knowledge, we can both recreate transmission curves for malaria in China and Swaziland and disentangle the proportion of cases which are imported from those that are community based.
Abnormalities in cortical pattern of coherence in interictal migraine detected using ultra high-density EEG
Authors: Chamanzar Alireza , Haigh Sarah M , Grover Pulkit , Behrmann Marlene 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIndividuals with migraine generally experience photophobia and/or phonophobia during and between migraine attacks. Many different mechanisms have been postulated to explain these migraine phenomena including abnormal patterns of connectivity across the cortex. The results, however, remain contradictory and there is no clear consensus on the nature of the cortical abnormalities in migraine. Here, we uncover alterations in cortical patterns of coherence (connectivity) in interictal migraineurs during the presentation of visual and auditory stimuli, as well as at rest, to capitalize on the sensory sensitivities that are characteristic of migraine, and to reconcile the conflicting literature on migraine cortical connectivity. We used a high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) system, with 128 customized electrode locations, to measure inter- and intra-hemispheric coherence from 17 individuals with migraine (12 female) in the interictal period, and 18 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects, during visual (vertical grating pattern) and auditory (modulated tone) stimulation which varied in temporal frequency (4 and 6Hz), and during rest. To ensure that participants were attending, participants performed a color detection task at fixation. Analyses of the EEG signal included characterizing the inter- and intra-hemisphere coherence between the scalp EEG channels over 2-second time intervals and over different frequency bands at different spatial distances and spatial clusters, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients (PCCs) were estimated at zero-lag. Repeated measures (between-group) analyses-of-variance with post hoc multiple comparison correction were conducted. Relative to controls, migraineurs exhibited significantly (i) faster color detection performance; (ii) lower long-distance spatial coherence of alpha-band activity during both evoked conditions, regardless of the stimulation frequency; (iii) lower coherence between the right frontal cluster and all clusters in the left hemisphere (inter-hemisphere coherence) during 4Hz auditory and visual stimulation; and (iv) lower long-distance coherence (in all frequency bands) between the right occipito-parietal cluster and all other clusters during the (4Hz and 6Hz) visual stimuli. No significant group differences were observed in the resting state data. The abnormal patterns of EEG coherence in interictal migraineurs during visual and auditory stimuli may be associated with cortical hyper-excitability in migraineurs.
A systems biology analysis of adrenergically stimulated adiponectin exocytosis in white adipocytes
Authors: Lövfors William , Simonsson Christian , Komai Ali M. , Nyman Elin , Olofsson Charlotta S. , Cedersund Gunnar 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTCirculating levels of the adipocyte hormone adiponectin are typically reduced in obesity and this deficiency has been linked to metabolic diseases. It is thus important to understand the mechanisms controlling adiponectin exocytosis. This understanding is hindered by the high complexity of the data and the underlying signaling network. To handle this complexity, we here analyze the data using systems biology mathematical modelling. Previously, we have developed a mathematical model for how different intracellular concentrations of Ca2+, cAMP and ATP affect adiponectin exocytosis (measured as increase in membrane capacitance). However, recent work has shown that adiponectin exocytosis is physiologically triggered via signaling pathways involving adrenergic β3 receptors (β3ARs). Therefore, we have herein developed a more comprehensive model that also includes adiponectin exocytosis stimulated by extracellularly applied epinephrine or the β3AR agonist CL 316,243. Our model can explain all previous patch-clamp data, as well as new data consisting of a combination of the intracellular mediators and extracellular adrenergic stimuli. Without changing the parameters, the model can accurately predict independent validation data with other combinations of patch-clamp pipette solutions and external stimuli. Finally, we use the model to perform newin silicoexperiments examining situations where corresponding wet lab experiments are difficult to perform. By this approach, we simulated adiponectin exocytosis in single cells, in response to the reduction of β3ARs that is observed in adipocytes from animals with obesity-induced diabetes. Our work brings us one step closer to understanding the intricate regulation of adiponectin exocytosis.
Stromal Heterogeneity in the Proliferative EndometrialFunctionalis- A single-cell approach
Authors: Queckbörner Suzanna , von Grothusen Carolina , Boggavarapu Nageswara , Davies Lindsay C. , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe endometrium undergoes regular regeneration and stromal proliferation as part of the normal menstrual cycle. To better understand cellular interactions driving the mechanisms in endometrial regeneration we employed single-cell RNA sequencing. Endometrial samples were obtained during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle from healthy women aged 24–32 years. Within the stromal compartment multiple stromal populations were found, suggestive of specific stromal niches that control inflammation and extracellular matrix composition. Ten different stromal cell and two pericyte subsets were identified. Applying different R packages (Seurat, SingleR, Velocyto) we determined cell cluster diversity and cell lineage/trajectory while using external data to validate our findings. By understanding healthy regeneration in the described stromal compartments, we aim to identify points of intervention for novel therapy development in order to treat benign gynaecological disorders affecting endometrial regeneration and proliferation e.g. endometriosis and Asherman’s syndrome.
COVID-19 patients upregulate toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory signaling that mimics bacterial sepsis
Authors: Sohn Kyung Mok , Lee Sung-Gwon , Kim Hyeon Ji , Cheon Shinhyea , Jeong Hyeongseok , Lee Jooyeon , Kim In Soo , Silwal Prashanta , Kim Young Jae , Park Chungoo , Kim Yeon-Sook , Jo Eun-Kyeong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObservational studies of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak suggest that a cytokine storm is involved in the pathogenesis of severe illness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the altered pathological inflammation in COVID-19 are largely unknown. We report here that toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-mediated inflammatory signaling molecules are upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients, compared with healthy controls. Among the most highly increased inflammatory mediators in severe/critically ill patients, S100A9, an alarmin and TLR4 ligand, was found as a noteworthy biomarker, because it inversely correlated with the serum albumin levels. These data support a link between TLR4 signaling and pathological inflammation during COVID-19 and contribute to develop therapeutic approaches through targeting TLR4-mediated inflammation.
A novel telencephalon-opto-hypothalamic morphogenetic domain produces most of the glutamatergic neurons of the medial extended amygdala
Authors: Morales Lorena , Castro-Robles Beatriz , Abellán Antonio , Desfilis Ester , Medina Loreta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeficits in social cognition and behavior are a hallmark of many psychiatric disorders. The medial extended amygdala, including the medial amygdala and the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, is a key component of functional networks involved in sociality. However, this nuclear complex is highly heterogeneous and contains numerous GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron subpopulations. Deciphering the connections of different neurons is essential in order to understand how this structure regulates different aspects of sociality, and it is necessary to evaluate their differential implication in distinct mental disorders. Developmental studies in different vertebrates are offering new venues to understand neuronal diversity of the medial extended amygdala, and are helping to establish a relation between the embryonic origin and molecular signature of distinct neurons with the functional subcircuits in which they are engaged. These studies have provided many details on the distinct GABAergic neurons of the medial extended amygdala, but information on the glutamatergic neurons is still scarce. Using an Otp-eGFP transgenic mouse and multiple fluorescent labeling, we show that most glutamatergic neurons of the medial extended amygdala originate in a novel telencephalo-opto-hypothalamic embryonic domain (TOH), located at the transition between telencephalon and hypothalamus, which produces Otp-lineage neurons expressing the telencephalic marker Foxg1 but not Nkx2.1 during development. These glutamatergic cells include a subpopulation of projection neurons of the medial amygdala, which activation has been previously shown to promote autistic-like behavior. Our data open new venues for studying the implication of this neuron subtype in neurodevelopmental disorders producing social deficits.
Increasing heart vascularisation after myocardial infarction using brain natriuretic peptide stimulation of endothelial and WT1+epicardium-derived cells
Authors: Li Na , Rignault-Clerc Stéphanie , Bielmann Christelle , Bon-Mathier Anne-Charlotte , Déglise Tamara , Carboni Alexia , Ducrest Mégane , Rosenblatt-Velin Nathalie 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBrain natriuretic peptide (BNP) treatment increases heart function and decreases heart dilation after myocardial infarction. Here, we investigated whether part of the cardioprotective effect of BNP in infarcted hearts related to improved neovascularisation. Infarcted mice were treated with saline or BNP for 10 days. BNP treatment increased vascularisation and the number of endothelial cells in the infarct border and remote zones of infarcted hearts. Endothelial cell lineage tracing showed that BNP directly stimulated the proliferation of resident mature endothelial cells in both areas of the infarcted hearts, via NPR-A binding and p38 MAP kinase activation. BNP also stimulated the proliferation of WT1+epicardium-derived cells but only in the hypoxic area of infarcted hearts. Our results demonstrated that these immature cells have a natural capacity to differentiate into endothelial cells in infarcted hearts. BNP treatment increased their proliferation but not their differentiation capacity. We identified new roles for BNP and new therapeutic strategies to improve heart recovery in infarcted hearts.