bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use and application of freshwater midges (Chironomidae: Insecta: Diptera) in geographical research
Authors: Porinchu David F. , MacDonald Glen M. 
Published: August 2020

The potential of applying the analysis of freshwater midges (Chironomidae) for current questions in geographical research is examined. Chironomids are cosmopolitan in distribution and frequently the most abundant insects found in freshwater ecosystems. The capacity of the family to tolerate large gradients of pH, salinity, depth, oxygen concentration, temperature and productivity enables members of the Chironomidae to occupy virtually every available niche present in freshwater environments.In addition to wide distribution and abundance, Chironomidae are well suited for paleolimnological studies because the larvae possess chitinous head capsules which are well-preserved in lake sediment and relatively easily recovered and identified. As a result, chironomids are increasingly being used to track a number of natural and anthropogenically induced limnological changes resulting from atmospheric contamination, eutrophication and increased lake water salinity. Other areas in which subfossil chironomid analysis has provided valuable insight include climate change, phylogentics and biogeography and aquatic ecosystem dynamics and development.Details describing the biology and ecology of the Chironomidae that are directly relevant to their use in paleoenvironmental and biogeographical studies are presented. The methodology describing the recovery and identification of subfossil chironomid remains is reviewed. A generalized overview of the statistical methods that are commonly employed in relating the modern distribution of chironomids to specific aspects of the environment, i.e., the calibration dataset approach, is briefly discussed. Case studies that highlight the various uses and applications of chironomid analysis in areas of paleoenvironmental and biogeographical research relevant to geographers are described. Lastly, the current status of chironomid research in academic geography is discussed and suggestions of potential future research directions are made.
PARP Inhibitors in the Management of Ovarian Cancer: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Tew William P. , Lacchetti Christina , Ellis Annie , Maxian Kathleen , Banerjee Susana , Bookman Michael , Jones Monica Brown , Lee Jung-Min , Lheureux Stéphanie , Liu Joyce F. , Moore Kathleen N. , Muller Carolyn , Rodriguez Patricia , Walsh Christine , Westin Shannon N. , Kohn Elise C. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE To provide recommendations on the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) for management of epithelial ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer (EOC). METHODS Randomized, controlled, and open-labeled trials published from 2011 through 2020 were identified in a literature search. Guideline recommendations were based on the review of the evidence, US Food and Drug Administration approvals, and consensus when evidence was lacking. RESULTS The systematic review identified 17 eligible trials. RECOMMENDATIONS The guideline pertains to patients who are PARPi naïve. All patients with newly diagnosed, stage III-IV EOC whose disease is in complete or partial response to first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy with high-grade serous or endometrioid EOC should be offered PARPi maintenance therapy with niraparib. For patients with germline or somatic pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in BRCA1 (g/s BRCA1) or BRCA2 (g/s BRCA2) genes should be treated with olaparib. The addition of olaparib to bevacizumab may be offered to patients with stage III-IV EOC with g/s BRCA1/2 and/or genomic instability and a partial or complete response to chemotherapy plus bevacizumab combination. Maintenance therapy (second line or more) with single-agent PARPi may be offered for patients with EOC who have not received a PARPi and have responded to platinum-based therapy regardless of BRCA mutation status. Treatment with a PARPi should be offered to patients with recurrent EOC that has not recurred within 6 months of platinum-based therapy, who have not received a PARPi and have a g/s BRCA1/2, or whose tumor demonstrates genomic instability. PARPis are not recommended for use in combination with chemotherapy, other targeted agents, or immune-oncology agents in the recurrent setting outside the context of a clinical trial. Recommendations for managing specific adverse events are presented. Data to support reuse of PARPis in any setting are needed. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gynecologic-cancer-guidelines .
The effects of family-witnessed resuscitation on health professionals
Authors: Grimes Cathy 
Published: August 2020

Aim: To gain an understanding of the effects of family-witnessed resuscitation (FWR) on health professionals. Background: FWR has been the subject of an ongoing debate for almost 30 years. Historically, emergency departments (EDs) have excluded family members of a critically ill or injured patient from the treatment area during resuscitation. Methodology: A systematic literature search of six nursing-focused databases was undertaken using pertinent keywords. Only studies published in English, focused on ED staff and undertaken after 2007 (published up to 2017) were included. Findings: FWR is not commonly practised by health professionals. The four themes identified were: fear of adverse litigation; the importance of the role of the facilitator; lack of FWR policies in the workplace; and staff lack of knowledge and education regarding FWR, resulting in fear and stress. Conclusion: By implementing policies in the workplace, and having a facilitator to provide support and guidance to families, stress and anxiety can be greatly reduced. The implementation of educational programmes can increase staff awareness and knowledge surrounding the benefits of FWR
254  W laser-diode dual-end-pumped Tm:YAP InnoSlab laser
Authors: Mao Yefei , Gao Yuan , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2020

A compact laser-diode dual-end-pumped 3 at. % a-cut Tm:YAP InnoSlab laser with the output power of 254 W in 1.99 µm has been demonstrated. The slope efficiency with respect to the incident pumped power is 45.9%, and the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 36.5%. The RMS stability of the maximum output power is better than 0.1% in 30 min. Beam quality factors

M
2

are 250 in the

x

direction and 4.7 in the

y

direction. Additionally, the shape of the output laser spot is rectangular.
5 W ultra-low-noise 2 µm single-frequency fiber laser for next-generation gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Zhang Qian , Hou Yubin , Wang Xi , Song Weihua , Chen Xu , Bin Wu , Li Ju , Zhao Chunnong , Wang Pu 
Published: August 2020

We demonstrated an ultra-low-noise polarization-maintaining (PM) single-frequency fiber laser at 2 µm. Both relative intensity noise (RIN) and frequency noise were improved by suppressing the pump source RIN using feedback control. After a two-stage

T
m

3
+

-doped PM fiber amplifier, the output power reached about 5 W, and the amplifier did not introduce any observable extra frequency noise. The frequency noise was less than

100

H
z

/

H
z

above 13 Hz, which is comparable to the frequency noise of a typical seed laser of the Advanced LIGO high-power laser. The central wavelength was measured to be 1990.25 nm, with a polarization extinction ratio above 24 dB.
Light and corona: guided-wave readout for coronavirus spike protein–host-receptor binding
Authors: Fedotov Ilya V. , Yi Zhenhuan , Voronin Aleksandr A. , Svidzinsky Anatoly A. , Sower Kyle , Liu Xinghua , Vlasova Ekaterina , Peng Tao , Liu Xiangpei , Moiseev Sergey A. , Belousov Vsevolod V. , Sokolov Alexei V. , Scully Marlan O. , Zheltikov Aleksei M. 
Published: August 2020

We show that waveguide sensors can enable a quantitative characterization of coronavirus spike glycoprotein–host-receptor binding—the process whereby coronaviruses enter human cells, causing disease. We demonstrate that such sensors can help quantify and eventually understand kinetic and thermodynamic properties of viruses that control their affinity to targeted cells, which is known to significantly vary in the course of virus evolution, e.g., from SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2, making the development of virus-specific drugs and vaccine difficult. With the binding rate constants and thermodynamic parameters as suggested by the latest SARS-CoV-2 research, optical sensors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein–receptor binding may be within sight.
VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS AND ITS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS IN BRAZIL: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Gurgel Lucineide Coqueiro , Sousa Allex Sobral , Sousa Carmelita Maria Silva , Romão Lina Maria Vidal , Herculano Maria Aparecida Feitosa Candido , Queiroz Iasmin Belém Silva , Nóbrega Joanacele Gorgonho Ribeiro , Luna Cícera Alves de , Santana Willma José de , Luz Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira 
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by a protozoan of the species Leishmania chagasi. Where VL is a chronic evolutionary zoonosis, with systemic involvement and, if left untreated, it can lead to death in up to 90% of cases. In Brazil, VL has a high incidence throughout the national territory. The objective of this study was to identify the epidemiological risk factors that are related and contribute to the emergence of Visceral Leishmaniasis. For that, an integrative literature review was carried out with a qualitative approach, apart from the selection of articles in the lilacs, medline, scielo and pubmed databases, with the combination of the following Decs descriptors: Leishmaniasis; Streaming; Prevention; and Control. A total of 27 articles were found, of which 10 were selected to compose the sample. Two thematic categories were characterized: 1) Transmission and prevention; 2) Leishmaniasis, prevention and combat programs. The transmission and prevalence of Leishmaniasis presents itself as a disease that can be prevented and also controllable, has shown important changes in the pattern of transmission, previously considered a disease of predominance due to the characteristics of rural environments, forests and periurban and, currently in urban centers. As for the factors that contribute to the emergence of Leishmaniasis, it is observed that it is linked to climatic and environmental factors, the disease is transmitted through the mosquito, the phlebotome to the female contaminated with the protozoan to the healthy person. Therefore, the socioenvironmental junction of a region, that is, the inadequate ecological conditions and also the lack of care with the hygiene of the backyards of the houses, favors the permanence of the mosquito responsible for the onset of the disease. Studies show the need to rethink it and redesign strategies as a way to prevent and control the disease. It is necessary to understand people in order to collaborate with actions aimed at preventing and controlling the disease. Keyword: Leishmaniasis. Transmission. Prevention. Control.
A Multimodal Intervention Using Nonopioid Analgesics Is Associated With Reduced Intravenous Opioid Exposure Among Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Dalal Rahul S. , Palchaudhuri Sonali , Snider Christopher K. , Gitelman Yevgeniy , Brahmbhatt Mihir , Mull Nikhil K. , Mehta Shivan J. , Klock Christopher , Lewis James D. , Lichtenstein Gary R. 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Opioid use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with increased mortality. Previous interventions targeting reduced intravenous opioid (IVOPI) exposure for all patients admitted to a general medical unit have decreased total opioid use without compromising pain control. We therefore performed a prospective evaluation of a multimodal intervention encouraging the use of nonopioid alternatives to reduce IVOPI exposure among patients with IBD hospitalized at our institution.

METHODS:
This was a prospective evaluation of a multimodal intervention to reduce IVOPI use among patients with IBD aged ≥18 years admitted to a general medical unit at a large urban academic medical center from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2019. Intravenous and total (all routes) opioid exposures were measured as proportions and intravenous morphine milligram equivalents/patient day and compared with preintervention (January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018) data. Hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission rates (RRs), and pain scores (1–10 scale) were also assessed.

RESULTS:
Our study involved 345 patients with IBD with similar baseline characteristics in preintervention (n = 241) and intervention (n = 104) periods. Between study periods, we observed a significant reduction in the proportion of patients receiving IVOPIs (43.6% vs 30.8%, P = 0.03) and total opioid dose exposure (15.6 vs 8.5 intravenous morphine mg equivalents/d, P = 0.02). We observed similar mean pain scores (3.9 vs 3.7, P = 0.55) and significantly reduced mean LOS (7.2 vs 5.3 days, P = 0.03) and 30-day RRs (21.6% vs 11.5%, P = 0.03).

DISCUSSION:
A multimodal intervention was associated with reduced opioid exposure, LOS, and 30-day RRs for hospitalized patients with IBD. Additional research is needed to determine long-term benefits of reduced opioid exposure in this population.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad: Chemical characterization, scavenging and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Bourhia Mohammed , Messaoudi Mouhcine , Bakrim Hanane , Mothana Ramzi A. , Sddiqui Nasir A. , Almarfadi Omer M. , El Mzibri Mohammed , Gmouh Said , Laglaoui Amin , Benbacer Laila 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCitrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (C. colocynthis) called colocynth is a wild species that belongs to the family cucurbitaceae. The present research work aimed to study the phytochemical composition, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of C. colocynthis seed extract. The chemical characterization of C. colocynthis seeds was effectuated using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The cytotoxic activity of C. colocynthis seed extract against breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) and colon cancer cell lines (HT-29) was assessed using the WST-1 bioassay. The antioxidant power was evaluated by the DPPH assay. The phytochemical characterization of C. colocynthis seed extract showed the richness of C. colocynthis seed extract in several families of bioactive compounds. Regarding the cytotoxic activity, the IC50 (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of C. colocynthis seed extract in inhibiting MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 were 170.34 and 132.31 µg/mL, respectively. The cancerous cell lines MDA-MB-231 seem to be more sensitive to C. colocynthis seed extract than HT-29 cell lines. C. colocynthis seed extract exhibited a strong antioxidant power with an IC50 value of 1.37 mg/mL. Insight into the results obtained, C. colocynthis seed extract may be used as a promising weapon to fight against cancer and free radicals’ damage.
DFT investigations on arylsulphonyl pyrazole derivatives as potential ligands of selected kinases
Authors: Czaja Kornelia , Kujawski Jacek , Kujawski Radosław , Bernard Marek K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing the density functional theory (DFT) formalism, we have investigated the properties of some arylsulphonyl indazole derivatives that we studied previously for their biological activity and susceptibility to interactions of azoles. This study includes the following physicochemical properties of these derivatives: electronegativity and polarisability (Mulliken charges, adjusted charge partitioning, and iterative-adjusted charge partitioning approaches); free energy of solvation (solvation model based on density model and M062X functional); highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap together with the corresponding condensed Fukui functions, time-dependent DFT along with the UV spectra simulations using B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, MPW1PW91, and WB97XD functionals, as well as linear response polarisable continuum model; and estimation of global chemical reactivity descriptors, particularly the chemical hardness factor. The charges on pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen (the latter one in the quinolone ring of compound 8, as well as condensed Fukui functions) reveal a significant role of these atoms in potential interactions of azole ligand–protein binding pocket. The lowest negative value of free energy of solvation can be attributed to carbazole 6, whereas pyrazole 7 has the least negative value of this energy. Moreover, the HOMO–LUMO gap and chemical hardness show that carbazole 6 and indole 5 exist as soft molecules, while fused pyrazole 7 has hard character.
Synthesis of magnesium carbonate hydrate from natural talc
Authors: Chen Qiuju , Hui Tao , Sun Hongjuan , Peng Tongjiang , Ding Wenjin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVarious morphologies of magnesium carbonate hydrate had been synthesized without using any organic additives by carefully adjusting the reaction temperature and time during the talc carbonation process. At lower temperatures, magnesium carbonate hydrate was prone to display needle-like morphology. With the further increase of the carbonation temperature, the sheet-like crystallites became the preferred morphology, and at higher aging temperatures, these crystallites tended to assemble into layer-like structures with diverse morphologies, such as rose-like particles and nest-like structure. The reaction time had no effect on the crystal morphology, but it affected the particle size and situation of the crystal growth. X-Ray diffraction results showed that these various morphologies were closely related to their crystal structure and compositions. The needle-like magnesium carbonate hydrate had a formula of MgCO3·3H2O, whereas with the morphological transformation from needle-like to sheet-like, rose-like, and nest-like structure, their corresponding compositions also changed from MgCO3·3H2O to 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·8H2O, 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O, and 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O.
Effects of Integrative Neuromuscular Training on Motor Performance in Prepubertal Soccer Players
Authors: Menezes Glauber B. , Alexandre Diego R. O. , Pinto Júlio C. B. L , Assis Tereza V. L. , Faigenbaum Avery D. , Mortatti Arnaldo L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Menezes, GB, Alexandre, DR, Pinto, JC, Assis, TV, Faigenbaum, AD, and Mortatti, AL. Effects of integrative neuromuscular training on motor performance in prepubertal soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1667–1674, 2022—The present study examined the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) on motor performance in prepubertal soccer players. Subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (INT; n = 20, age: 8.2 ± 1.2 years; body mass: 28.4 ± 6.4 kg; height: 1.3 ± 0.1 m) or the control group (CON; n = 18, age: 8.5 ± 1.3 years; body mass: 32.8 ± 8.9 kg; height: 1.3 ± 0.1 m). Integrative neuromuscular training program was performed twice per week during the 12-week training intervention. Balance, flexibility, countermovement vertical jump height (CVJH), sprint speed, and change of direction speed (CODS) were assessed in both groups at baseline, sixth week and 12th week. A mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the group changes in performance for each variable. There was a time effect for balance in the INT from pre to 12th weeks (p < 0.001, g = 0.72), and from 6th to 12th weeks (p = 0.005, g = 0.34). An interaction effect for balance was also observed between INT and CON after the 12th week. A time effect in flexibility was observed in INT from baseline to 6th and 12th weeks (p = 0.02; g = 0.45 and p < 0.001; g = 0.71) and from 6 to 12th weeks (p = 0.003; g = 0.24). There was a time effect in CVJH, from baseline to 12th week and from 6th to 12th weeks (p < 0.05; g = 0.34 and g = 0.53, respectively). There was no significant between-group speed performance change. A time effect was found in CODS in INT, but only from baseline to 12th week (p = 0.02; g = 0.31). There were significant improvements in the percent change (Δ%) from baseline to 12 weeks (p < 0.05) for balance, flexibility, and CVJH in INT. These findings indicate that the addition of an INT program to soccer practice can improve selected motor performance skills in prepubertal soccer players.
Muscle Cramping in the Marathon: Dehydration and Electrolyte Depletion vs. Muscle Damage
Authors: Martínez-Navarro Ignacio , Montoya-Vieco Antonio , Collado Eladio , Hernando Barbara , Panizo Nayara , Hernando Carlos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Martínez-Navarro, I, Montoya-Vieco, A, Collado, E, Hernando, B, Panizo, N, and Hernando, C. Muscle Cramping in the marathon: Dehydration and electrolyte depletion vs. muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1629–1635, 2022—Our aim was to compare dehydration variables, serum electrolytes, and muscle damage serum markers between runners who suffered exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) and runners who did not suffer EAMC in a road marathon. We were also interested in analyzing race pacing and training background. Nighty-eight marathoners took part in the study. Subjects were subjected to a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Before and after the race, blood and urine samples were collected and body mass (BM) was measured. Immediately after the race EAMC were diagnosed. Eighty-eight runners finished the marathon, and 20 of them developed EAMC (24%) during or immediately after the race. Body mass change, post-race urine specific gravity, and serum sodium and potassium concentrations were not different between crampers and noncrampers. Conversely, runners who suffered EAMC exhibited significantly greater post-race creatine kinase (464.17 ± 220.47 vs. 383.04 ± 253.41 UI/L, p = 0.034) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (362.27 ± 72.10 vs. 307.87 ± 52.42 UI/L, p = 0.002). Twenty-four hours post-race also values of both biomarkers were higher among crampers (CK: 2,438.59 ± 2,625.24 vs. 1,166.66 ± 910.71 UI/L, p = 0.014; LDH: 277.05 ± 89.74 vs. 227.07 ± 37.15 UI/L, p = 0.021). The difference in the percentage of runners who included strength conditioning in their race training approached statistical significance (EAMC: 25%, non-EAMC: 47.6%; p = 0.074). Eventually, relative speed between crampers and noncrampers only differed from the 25th km onward (p < 0.05). Therefore, runners who suffered EAMC did not exhibit a greater degree of dehydration and electrolyte depletion after the marathon but displayed significantly higher concentrations of muscle damage biomarkers.