bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine learning based prediction system for the Indian Ocean Dipole
Authors: Ratnam J. V. , Dijkstra H. A. , Behera Swadhin K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a mode of climate variability observed in the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies with one pole off Sumatra and the other pole near East Africa. An IOD event starts sometime in May-June, peaks in September-October and ends in November. Through atmospheric teleconnections, it affects the climate of many parts of the world, especially that of East Africa, Australia, India, Japan, and Europe. Owing to its large impacts, previous studies have addressed the predictability of the IOD using state of the art coupled climate models. Here, for the first-time, we predict the IOD using machine learning techniques, in particular artificial neural networks (ANNs). The IOD forecasts are generated for May to November from February-April conditions. The attributes for the ANNs are derived from sea surface temperature, 850 hPa and 200 hPa geopotential height anomalies, using a correlation analysis for the period 1949–2018. An ensemble of ANN forecasts is generated using 500 samples with replacement using jackknife approach. The ensemble mean of the IOD forecasts indicates the machine learning based ANN models to be capable of forecasting the IOD index well in advance with excellent skills. The forecast skills are much superior to the skills obtained from the persistence forecasts that one would guess from the observed data. The ANN models also perform far better than the models of the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) with higher correlation coefficients and lower root mean square errors (RMSE) for all the target months of May-November.
Metabolomic networks and pathways associated with feed efficiency and related-traits in Duroc and Landrace pigs
Authors: Carmelo Victor Adriano Okstoft , Banerjee Priyanka , da Silva Diniz Wellison Jarles , Kadarmideen Haja N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImproving feed efficiency (FE) is a major goal of pig breeding, reducing production costs and providing sustainability to the pig industry. Reliable predictors for FE could assist pig producers. We carried out untargeted blood metabolite profiling in uncastrated males from Danbred Duroc (n = 59) and Danbred Landrace (n = 50) pigs at the beginning and end of a FE testing phase to identify biomarkers and biological processes underlying FE and related traits. By applying linear modeling and clustering analyses coupled with WGCNA framework, we identified 102 and 73 relevant metabolites in Duroc and Landrace based on two sampling time points. Among them, choline and pyridoxamine were hub metabolites in Duroc in early testing phase, while, acetoacetate, cholesterol sulfate, xanthine, and deoxyuridine were identified in the end of testing. In Landrace, cholesterol sulfate, thiamine, L-methionine, chenodeoxycholate were identified at early testing phase, while, D-glutamate, pyridoxamine, deoxycytidine, and L-2-aminoadipate were found at the end of testing. Validation of these results in larger populations could establish FE prediction using metabolomics biomarkers. We conclude that it is possible to identify a link between blood metabolite profiles and FE. These results could lead to improved nutrient utilization, reduced production costs, and increased FE.
Association of sarcopenia with phase angle and body mass index in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kosoku Akihiro , Uchida Junji , Nishide Shunji , Kabei Kazuya , Shimada Hisao , Iwai Tomoaki , Maeda Keiko , Hanayama Yoshiko , Ishihara Takuma , Naganuma Toshihide , Takemoto Yoshiaki , Nakatani Tatsuya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMalnutrition is an important risk factor for the development of sarcopenia. Recently, phase angle (PhA) obtained from the bioelectrical impedance analysis is increasingly becoming known as a nutritional status marker and may be considered a good indicator to identify elderly patients at risk of sarcopenia. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia and the relationship between sarcopenia and PhA or body mass index (BMI) as nutritional factors, and evaluated the discrimination performance of these nutritional factors for sarcopenia in 210 kidney transplant recipients. The median age was 55 years and 11.1% had sarcopenia. This prevalence of sarcopenia was lower than previous reports in kidney transplant recipients, maybe because of the differences in sarcopenia definitions and population demographics such as age, sex, race, and comorbidities. Both PhA and BMI were negatively correlated with sarcopenia after adjusting for age, sex, dialysis vintage, time after transplant, presence of diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the other nutritional factor. The discrimination performance for PhA and BMI had enough power to detect sarcopenia. These results suggest that PhA and BMI can be used in clinical practice to predict sarcopenia in kidney transplant patients.
Citizen Science, a promising tool for detecting and monitoring outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster spp.
Authors: Dumas Pascal , Fiat Sylvie , Durbano Amaury , Peignon Christophe , Mou-Tham Gérard , Ham Jayven , Gereva Sompert , Kaku Rocky , Chateau Olivier , Wantiez Laurent , De Ramon N’Yeurt Antoine , Adjeroud Mehdi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMonitoring potentially devastating coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) populations at scales relevant to management is a challenging task. Here, we investigated a citizen science approach to detect COTS outbreaks and prioritize management responses. Between 2014 and 2018, 38 000 COTS were recorded through 641 online observation reports submitted across New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji by private stakeholders (51%), NGOs (22%), business operator (11%), research/government agencies (16%). COTS were observed in multiple areas, including in remote/inhabited reefs where they had never been reported. A three-level classification was developed to discriminate risk areas and propose operational guidelines to streamline management actions. About two-thirds of reports had low abundances (<10 starfish sighted) and could be addressed with low priority. Verification surveys at 65 reef sites confirmed outbreaks in half of the cases, along with high peak densities (7 000 ind.ha−1). Combining professional and non-professional observers increased the detection range (+27%) and the number of COTS detections (+129%). Citizen reports were eventually followed by removal campaigns organized within diverse institutional frameworks. While citizen monitoring has intrinsic limitations, we advocate that it constitutes a complementary and promising approach to support the ongoing management efforts in all countries affected by COTS.
Dirac half-metallicity of Thin PdCl3 Nanosheets: Investigation of the Effects of External Fields, Surface Adsorption and Defect Engineering on the Electronic and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Bafekry Asadollah , Stampfl Catherine , Peeters Francois M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPdCl3 belongs to a novel class of Dirac materials with Dirac spin-gapless semiconducting characteristics. In this paper based, on first-principles calculations, we have systematically investigated the effect of adatom adsorption, vacancy defects, electric field, strain, edge states and layer thickness on the electronic and magnetic properties of PdCl3 (palladium trichloride). Our results show that when spin-orbital coupling is included, PdCl3 exhibits the quantum anomalous Hall effect with a non-trivial band gap of 24 meV. With increasing number of layers, from monolayer to bulk, a transition occurs from a Dirac half-metal to a ferromagnetic metal. On application of a perpendicular electrical field to bilayer PdCl3, we find that the energy band gap decreases with increasing field. Uniaxial and biaxial strain, significantly modifies the electronic structure depending on the strain type and magnitude. Adsorption of adatom and topological defects have a dramatic effect on the electronic and magnetic properties of PdCl3. In particular, the structure can become a metal (Na), half-metal (Be, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Fe and Cu with, respective, 0.72, 9.71, 7.14, 6.90, 9.71, 4.33 and 9.5 μB magnetic moments), ferromagnetic-metal (Sc, Mn and Co with 4.55, 7.93 and 2.0 μB), spin-glass semiconductor (Mg, Ni with 3.30 and 8.63 μB), and dilute-magnetic semiconductor (Li, K and Zn with 9.0, 9.0 and 5.80 μB magnetic moment, respectively). Single Pd and double Pd + Cl vacancies in PdCl3 display dilute-magnetic semiconductor characteristics, while with a single Cl vacancy, the material becomes a half-metal. The calculated optical properties of PdCl3 suggest it could be a good candidate for microelectronic and optoelectronics devices.
Insight into the antitumor actions of sterically hindered platinum(ii) complexes by a combination of STD NMR and LCMS techniques
Authors: Wang Zhimei , Fang Lei , Zhao Jian , Gou Shaohua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sterically hindered platinum(ii) complexes have shown great advantages in overcoming platinum drug resistance. In this study, the antitumor actions of sterically hindered platinum(ii) complex 1 (cis-dichloro[(1R,2R)-N1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N′]platinum(ii), C13H19FPtCl2) were investigated by using saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) techniques. STD NMR was applied to study the HSA (human serum albumin) binding properties, while the interactions between guanosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-GMP) and complex 1 were studied by LCMS. For HSA binding experiments, strong STD signals were observed for protons of sterically hindered parts of carrier ligands, indicating that the sterically hindered moieties of the carrier ligand could be situated inside the binding pocket of HSA. A 19F NMR experiment indicated that complex 1 could interact with HSA. Furthermore, the binding modes of complex 1 with guanosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-GMP) were studied in the absence and presence of glutathione by LCMS. According to the HPLC profiles, a mono-functional binding mode was observed for complex 1 both in the presence and in the absence of glutathione, while a bi-adduct was observed for Pt(DACH)Cl2, which may be one of the reasons for their different biological activities. Hence, this study demonstrated that the NMR method combined with the LCMS technique could provide valuable information to understand the transport and the underlying anticancer mechanisms of the platinum(ii) complex at the molecular level. Moreover, the results reported here can help to reveal the binding mechanisms of the sterically hindered platinum(ii) compounds with biomolecules, which may shed light on the design of novel platinum(ii) anticancer agents with suitable sterically hindered groups.
The role of HOPX in normal tissues and tumor progression
Authors: Liu Yijun , Zhang Wenling 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The homeodomain-only protein homeobox (HOPX) as the smallest homeodomain protein, lacks certain conserved residues required for DNA binding. Through our literature search, we reviewed the current understandings of HOPX in normal tissues and tumor progression. HOPX was initially identified as a critical transcription factor in various normal tissues, which interacted with serum response factor (SRF) or other substance to regulate normal physiological function. However, HOPX is at a low expression or methylation level in tumors. These data indicated that HOPX may play a very important role in regulating differentiation phenotype and tumor suppressive function. We predicted the prognosis of HOPX in tumors from TCGA database and discussed the downstream genes of HOPX. To understand how HOPX is involved in the mechanisms between physical and pathological conditions could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for treatment.
The correlation between trimethylamine N-oxide, lipoprotein ratios, and conventional lipid parameters in patients with unstable angina pectoris
Authors: Dong Zeng-Xiang , Zhang Jia , Luo Ying-Chun , Zhao Ming-Ming , Cai Jia-Geng , Cheng Si , Zheng Le-Min , Hai Xin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is recently the main risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Plasma lipid levels are conventionally used to predict coronary risk, but the correlation between TMAO and plasma lipid levels in unstable angina pectoris (UAP) was unclear. Our objective was to compare the plasma level of TMAO to lipoprotein ratios and conventional lipid parameters in UAP patients. Methods: A total of 114 control participants and 184 UAP patients were enrolled. Demographic characteristics were collected. Plasma levels of TMAO and lipid in all patients were measured and analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC), univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to examine the relationship between TMAO, lipoprotein ratios, conventional lipid parameters, and UAP. Results: The plasma levels of TMAO were remarkably increased in UAP patients (3.28 ± 1.97 µM) compared with control participants (1.52 ± 0.59 µM, P &lt; 0.01). TMAO was significantly correlated with lipid levels in UAP patients. The ROC, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis both showed that the TMAO significantly increased the risk for occurrence of UAP. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the TMAO is superior to lipoprotein ratios and conventional lipid parameters in predicting occurrence of UAP.
SPZ1 promotes deregulation of Bim to boost apoptosis resistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Xiao-Yu , Zheng Chang-Bo , Wang Teng , Xu Jian , Zhang Meng , Gou Ling-Shan , Jin Linfang , Qi Xiaowei , Zeng Xianhai , Li Hongwen , Qiu Shuqi , Zhang Peng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancies in adults. Similar to other solid tumors, CRC cells show increased proliferation and suppressed apoptosis during the development and progression of the disease. Previous studies have shown that a novel tumor oncogene, spermatogenic basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor zip 1 (SPZ1), can promote proliferation. However, it is unclear whether SPZ1 plays a role in suppressing apoptosis, and the molecular mechanism behind SPZ1’s suppression of apoptosis in CRC remains unclear. Here, we found that silencing endogenous SPZ1 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis, and overexpression of SPZ1 promotes cell growth. These findings were corroborated by in vitro and in vivo studies. Interestingly, SPZ1 overexpressing cells were resistant to 5-fluorouracil, a drug commonly used to treat cancer. Moreover, knocking down SPZ1 led to the activation of caspase through the deregulation of Bim by ERK1/2, we found that CRC tissues had significantly higher SPZ1 and lower Bim expression, and SPZ1HBimL were associated with advanced clinical stage of CRC. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SPZ1 contributes to tumor progression by limiting apoptosis. SPZ1 reduces apoptosis by altering the stability of Bim, suggesting SPZ1 may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.
Increased P2X7 expression in the gastrointestinal tract and skin in a humanised mouse model of graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Cuthbertson Peter , Adhikary Sam R. , Geraghty Nicholas J. , Guy Thomas V. , Hadjiashrafi Amirazin , Fuller Stephen J. , Ly Diane , Watson Debbie , Sluyter Ronald 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative therapy for blood cancers; but results in the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in up to 70% of recipients. During GVHD, tissue damage results in ATP release into the extracellular compartment activating P2X7 on antigen-presenting cells, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent activation of donor T cells. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine murine (m) P2rx7 and human (h) P2RX7 gene expression in GVHD target organs of humanised mice, and further characterise disease impact in these organs. Methods: NOD-scid IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice were injected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hu-PBMC-NSG mice) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control). Leucocytes were assessed by flow cytometry; gene expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and tissue sections examined by histology. Results: Compared with control mice, hu-PBMC-NSG mice had increased mP2rx7 and mP2rx4 expression in the duodenum, ileum and skin. hP2RX7 was expressed in all tissues examined. hu-PBMC-NSG mice also displayed increased mReg3g expression in the duodenum and ileum, despite limited histological gut GVHD. hu-PBMC-NSG mice showed histological evidence of GVHD in the skin, liver and lung. Compared with control mice, hu-PBMC-NSG mice displayed increased ear swelling. Conclusion: Combined data revealed that P2rx7 is up-regulated in gut and skin GVHD and that P2RX7 is present in target tissues of GVHD, corresponding to human leucocyte infiltration. Data also reveal increased mReg3g expression and ear swelling in hu-PBMC-NSG mice, offering new measurements of early-stage gut GVHD and skin GVHD, respectively.
Mass constraints for 15 protoplanetary discs from HD 1–0
Authors: Kama M. , Trapman L. , Fedele D. , Bruderer S. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Miotello A. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Clarke C. , Bergin E. A. 
Published: January 2020

Context. Hydrogen deuteride (HD) rotational line emission can provide reliable protoplanetary disc gas mass measurements, but this molecule is difficult to observe and detections have been limited to three T Tauri discs. No new data have been available since the Herschel Space Observatory mission ended in 2013.
Aims. We set out to obtain new disc gas mass constraints by analysing upper limits on HD 1–0 emission in Herschel/PACS archival data from the DIGIT key programme.
Methods. With a focus on the Herbig Ae/Be discs, whose stars are more luminous than T Tauris, we determined upper limits for HD in data previously analysed for its line detections. We studied the significance of these limits with a grid of models run with the DALI physical-chemical code, customised to include deuterium chemistry.
Results. Nearly all the discs are constrained to Mgas ≤ 0.1 M⊙, ruling out global gravitational instability. A strong constraint is obtained for the HD 163296 disc mass, Mgas ≤ 0.067 M⊙, implying Δg/d ≤ 100. This HD-based mass limit is towards the low end of CO-based mass estimates for the disc, highlighting the large uncertainty in using only CO and suggesting that gas-phase CO depletion in HD 163296 is at most a factor of a few. The Mgas limits for HD 163296 and HD 100546, both bright discs with massive candidate protoplanetary systems, suggest disc-to-planet mass conversion efficiencies of Mp/(Mgas + Mp) ≈ 10–40% for present-day values. Near-future observations with SOFIA/HIRMES will be able to detect HD in the brightest Herbig Ae/Be discs within 150 pc with ≈ 10 h integration time.
PET/CT und PET/MRT bei Tumoren des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs
Authors: Grosse Jirka , Hellwig Dirk 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET) mit 18F-Fluorodesoxyglukose (FDG) in Verbindung mit einer Computertomografie (CT) wird bei speziellen Indikationen in der Diagnostik bei Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren eingesetzt. Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten umfassen die Suche nach einem okkulten Primärtumor bei zervikaler Lymphknotenmetastasierung mit zuvor inkonklusiver Diagnostik, das lokale Staging, die Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens nach Radio(chemo)therapie sowie Nachsorgeuntersuchungen, wenn zwischen therapieinduzierten Gewebealterationen und einem Tumorrezidiv differenziert werden muss. Der Erfolg einer Bestrahlung in Hochpräzisionslagerungstechnik (Stereotaxie) bzw. einer intensitätsmodulierten Strahlentherapie scheint durch die Bestimmung des Tumorvolumens unter Einbeziehung der PET/CT verbessert zu werden. Die kombinierte PET/Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) bietet in diesem Indikationsfeld durch höhere anatomische Detailgenauigkeit Vorteile beim Staging hinsichtlich der Beurteilung des lokalen und lokoregionären Befundes, ist der PET/CT bei der Detektion pulmonaler Metastasen/Zweittumoren jedoch deutlich unterlegen.Auf dem höchstmöglichen Evidenzniveau einer randomisierten Studie wurde gezeigt, dass man bei Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem Kopf-Hals-Tumor bei unauffälliger FDG-PET/CT nach Radiochemotherapie operative Eingriffe ohne Überlebensnachteil vermeiden kann. Die FDG-PET/CT bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren konnte dadurch vom Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (G-BA) als notwendige Leistung für die Versorgung gesetzlich Versicherter anerkannt werden.
Systematic Analysis of Readability of Patient Information on Internet Pages from Departments for Trauma Surgery of German University Hospitals
Authors: Paul Simon , Ahrend Marc-Daniel , Lüers Jan-Christoffer , Roth Kersten Sven , Grimmiger Peter P. , Bopp Florian , Janghorban Esfahani Babak 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction The need-based information transfer in education as well as for the recruitment of patients becomes more and more relevant. Here, the internet has emerged as an increasingly important factor in recent years and therefore information pages on hospital homepages can be very helpful. However, it is known that basic text comprehension skills are lacking among large populations.
Method The aim of the present study was to evaluate the readability of the patient information available on the websites of trauma departments of German university hospitals. For this purpose, a search for information material on 10 different diagnoses was carried out. Out of 360 texts possible, 185 were found and assigned to 2 superordinate thematic areas (emergency vs. elective operations), subjected to a systematic text analysis via software “Text-Lab” and rated using 5 known readability indices (Amstad, G-SMOG, LIX, HIX, WSTF).
Results The indices used for both thematic complexes consistently showed poor readability, so that the texts only seem sufficiently comprehensible to readers with higher education. (Amstad: 21.4 ± 20.8; G-SMOG: 11.6 ± 2.0; WSTF 13.3 ± 2.1; LIX: 60.9 ± 7.6; HIX: 4.1 ± 3.2).
Conclusion For the medical information provided by university hospitals, there is a clear need for improvement in order to make the adequate acquisition of knowledge accessible to a broader spectrum of patients.