bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How far actually is the Galactic Center IRS 13E3 from Sagittarius A*?
Authors: Tsuboi Masato , Kitamura Yoshimi , Tsutsumi Takahiro , Miyawaki Ryosuke , Miyoshi Makoto , Miyazaki Atsushi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Galactic Center IRS 13E cluster is a very intriguing infrared object located at ${\sim } 0.13$ pc from Sagittarius A$^\ast$ (Sgr A$^\ast$) in projection distance. There are arguments both for and against the hypothesis that a dark mass like an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH) exists in the cluster. We recently detected the rotating ionized gas ring around IRS 13E3, which belongs to the cluster, in the H30$\alpha$ recombination line using ALMA. The enclosed mass is derived to be $M_{\mathrm{encl.}}\simeq 2\times 10^{4}\, M_\odot$, which agrees with an IMBH and is barely less than the astrometric upper limit mass of an IMBH around Sgr A$^\ast$. Because the limit mass depends on the true three-dimensional (3D) distance from Sgr A$^\ast$, it is very important to determine it observationally. However, the 3D distance is indefinite because it is hard to determine the line-of-sight (LOS) distance by usual methods. We attempt here to estimate the LOS distance from spectroscopic information. The CH$_3$OH molecule is easily destroyed by the cosmic rays around Sgr A$^{\ast }$. However, we detected a highly excited CH$_3$OH emission line in the ionized gas stream associated with IRS 13E3. This indicates that IRS 13E3 is located at $r\gtrsim 0.4$ pc from Sgr A$^{\ast }$.
Design and performance of a high-pressure xenon gas TPC as a prototype for a large-scale neutrinoless double-beta decay search
Authors: Ban S , Hirose M , Ichikawa A K , Iwashita Y , Kikawa T , Minamino A , Miuchi K , Nakadaira T , Nakajima Y , Nakamura K D , Nakamura K Z , Nakaya T , Obara S , Sakashita K , Sekiya H , Sugashima B , Tanaka S , Ueshima K , Yoshida M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A high-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber, with a unique cellular readout structure based on electroluminescence, has been developed for a large-scale neutrinoless double-beta decay search. In order to evaluate the detector performance and validate its design, a 180 L size prototype is being constructed and its commissioning with partial detector has been performed. The obtained energy resolution at 4.0 bar is 1.73 $\pm$ 0.07% (FWHM) at 511 keV. The energy resolution at the $^{136}$Xe neutrinoless double-beta decay $Q$-value is estimated to be between 0.79 and 1.52% (FWHM) by extrapolation. Reconstructed event topologies show patterns peculiar to the track endpoint that can be used to distinguish $0\nu\beta\beta$ signals from gamma-ray backgrounds.
The Influence of the Dedicated Education Unit Clinical Model on Standardized Test Scores
Authors: Flott Elizabeth A. , Schoening Anne M. , McCafferty Kandis , Beiermann Trisha , Hercinger Maribeth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
While the dedicated education unit (DEU) clinical model is being increasingly integrated into prelicensure nursing programs, a lack of research investigating objective measures of this model is evident. Standardized test scores were compared between students who had a DEU experience and those completing the same rotation in a traditional model. Although no statistically significant differences were noted, some scores were higher for students in the DEU model. Findings suggest the DEU does not negatively impact scores, making it a valid alternative to the traditional model. Further research is needed as few studies have investigated objective outcomes for the DEU model.
Effect of Rho-associated kinase inhibitor on human corneal endothelial cell apoptosis
Authors: Achiron Asaf , Feldman Anna , Karmona Lily , Pe'er Liron , Avizemer Haggay , Bartov Elisha , Burgansky Zvia , Rosner Mordechai , Vishnevskia-Dai Vicktoria 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate whether exposure to Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor will promote human-cultured corneal endothelial cells (CECs) survival in a commercial storage medium.

Setting:
Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Design:
Experimental study.

Methods:
Fragments of human donor corneolimbal rings were stored in commercial storage media for 1 week, half with the addition of 10 μM ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632). Evaluation of CECs for early and late apoptosis\necrosis rates was performed using anti-human CD166 antibody and flow cytometric double staining analysis of propidium iodide and Annexin V.

Results:
CECs of 6 corneolimbal rings demonstrated a reduced early apoptosis rate (4.35% ± 1.07% vs 12.18% ± 5.5%, P = .026) and a reduced late apoptosis\necrosis rate (5.5% ± 2.39% vs 9.43% ± 2.61%, P = .004) compared with control. Subsequently, the rate of apoptotic CECs expressing ROCK was significantly lower in cells exposed to ROCK inhibitor compared with cells that were not (19.01% ± 4.17 vs 30.42% ± 4.27, P < .001).

Conclusions:
ROCK inhibitor reduced endothelial cell loss in vitro and might be used to limit or slow CEC loss in donor corneal tissue during eye banking. This might be a promising new method for promoting future graft survival.
Uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a new hydrophobic acrylic microincision intraocular lens
Authors: Balendiran Vaishnavi , Werner Liliana , Ellis Nathan , Shumway Caleb , Jiang Bill , Kamae Kai , Mamalis Nick 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate uveal biocompatibility and capsular bag opacification of a new hydrophobic acrylic microincision intraocular lens (IOL) in comparison with a commercially available 1-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOL.

Setting:
John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Design:
Experimental study.

Methods:
Eight New Zealand rabbits underwent bilateral phacoemulsification and implantation of the preloaded Nanex multiSert+ IOL in one eye and a commercially available preloaded lens (AcrySof IQ in UltraSert, model AU00T0) in the contralateral eye. A slitlamp examination was performed weekly for 4 weeks. The rabbits were then killed humanely and their globes enucleated. Capsular bag opacification was assessed from the Miyake-Apple view, and the eyes were subjected to histopathologic evaluation.

Results:
Postoperative inflammatory reactions were similar between the test and control eyes in the 8 New Zealand rabbits. The mean postmortem central posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was 0.93 ± 0.73 in the test group and 1.19 ± 0.53 in the control group. The mean postmortem peripheral PCO was 1.75 ± 0.92 in the test group and 2.06 ± 0.77 in the control group. Central and peripheral PCO scores were not statistically different between the test and control groups (P = .41 and P = .35, respectively, 2-tailed t test: paired 2-sample for means).

Conclusions:
A new 1-piece hydrophobic acrylic microincision IOL incorporating an ultraviolet–ozone treatment on the posterior surface performed similarly to a commercially available 1-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOL in terms of uveal and capsular biocompatibility in the rabbit model. To our knowledge, this is the first hydrophobic acrylic microincision IOL to demonstrate similar PCO performance when compared with a conventional, commercially available IOL.
Change in optical axial length after cataract surgery: segmental method vs composite method
Authors: Goto So , Maeda Naoyuki , Noda Toru , Ohnuma Kazuhiko , Iehisa Ikko , Koh Shizuka , Nishida Kohji 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To compare the changes in axial length (AL) obtained after cataract surgery by partial coherence interferometry (PCI), swept-source optical coherence tomography with the composite method (SS-OCT/CM), and SS-OCT with the segmental method (SS-OCT/SM).

Setting:
National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Japan.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
AL was measured preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively by PCI, SS-OCT/CM, and SS-OCT/SM.

Results:
Two hundred sixty-eight eyes in 139 patients who underwent cataract surgery were included. The mean ALs measured by PCI and SS-OCT/CM decreased significantly from 24.14 ± 1.58 to 24.05 ± 1.58 mm (P < .0001) and from 24.15 ± 1.58 to 24.05 ± 1.59 mm (P < .0001), respectively. The mean differences between the preoperative and postoperative AL were 0.083 ± 0.044 mm (PCI) and 0.096 ± 0.045 mm (SS-OCT/CM), respectively; Bland–Altman analysis revealed fixed bias between the preoperative and postoperative values. The mean preoperative and postoperative ALs measured by SS-OCT/SM were 24.12 ± 1.54 and 24.12 ± 1.54 mm, respectively (P = 0.97). The mean difference between the preoperative and postoperative ALs was 0.00 ± 0.03 mm on SS-OCT/SM; Bland–Altman analysis indicated good agreement between these values.

Conclusions:
The difference between preoperative and postoperative ALs is less with SS-OCT/SM than with PCI or SS-OCT/CM. Assuming that AL is not altered by cataract surgery, AL measurement is more accurate by SS-OCT/SM than by PCI or SS-OCT/CM.
Hyperpigmented Patch With Linear Extension
Authors: Sable Kimberly A. , Lake Eden 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
This is the case of a 29-year-old man with a well-demarcated, irregularly shaped, hyperpigmented patch located on the dorsal left hand with linear extension spreading across the distal medial surface. The patch initially presented as an erythematous lesion accompanied by burning, which subsided. A multiple-choice clinical question addressing the underlying diagnosis is offered. An answer is provided with a follow-up discussion focusing on underlying pathology, typical clinical presentation, and suggested management guidelines.
Anthropomorphizing Atopy
Authors: Thelwall Saheeda , Thelwall Mike 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Atopic dermatitis or eczema affects a substantial minority of children and adults. Patients may treat their symptoms through skin care regimes, diet restrictions, and/or prescribed topical corticosteroids. The patient perspective is important because of the long-term self-administered treatment regime and the potential psychological effects on relationships from a visible disease. This article assesses the potential of public social media data to give new insights into patient perspectives through a thematic analysis of a random sample of 400 tweets from 2019 matching the query, “my eczema.” Although the most common use of Twitter is to announce a flare-up, it is also used to express anger and discuss possible treatments. New themes not previously reported include the use of humor to discuss the condition and giving eczema agency: discussing it as if it had a will of its own. These may be defense strategies against the potential of eczema to strike at any time or the fear of negative reactions or blame from friends. This highlights the importance of nurses and others helping patients to deal with the psychological effects of eczema.
A Ringed Enigma
Authors: Zahirsha Zisansha , Lake Eden 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTGranuloma annulare is a poorly understood disease typically presenting as localized, nonscaly, annular plaques on the dorsal extremities. Clinical variants, such as generalized, patch, perforating, and subcutaneous types, exist. Therefore, granuloma annulare has a broad range of clinical morphologies and presentations. Knowledge of the clinical features, prognosis, and treatment options of the disease is critical for providers to appropriately diagnose and manage the condition.
Deprescribing Proton Pump Inhibitors in an Academic, Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Nallapeta Naren , Reynolds Jessica L. , Bakhai Smita 
Published: February 2020

Goal:The goal of this study was to reduce the percentage of inappropriately prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients aged 50 and older from 80% (baseline) to 60% within 12 months in an academic, internal medicine clinic.Background:The use of PPIs has increased drastically worldwide. Internal medicine clinic patients had inappropriate use of PPIs for an average of 4 to 5 years.Study:A multidisciplinary quality improvement team used the Plan-Do-Study-Act Model of health care improvement and performed a root cause analysis to identify barriers to inappropriate use of PPIs. The outcome measure was the percentage of patients inappropriately prescribed PPI. Process measures were completion rates of PPI risk assessment and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Interventions included the creation of customized electronic health record templates and education to providers and patients. Analysis was performed using monthly statistical process control charts.Results:The average rate of PPI discontinuation was 51.1% (n=92/180), which corresponds to 30.0% inappropriate PPI usage within 12 months. The mean PPI discontinuation rate in the 1-year prestudy, study and 6 months poststudy period was 2.0%, 32.0%, and 49.7%, respectively. The mean esophagogastroduodenoscopy completion rate was 49.8% from the baseline of <30%.Conclusions:We achieved a statistically significant and sustainable reduction of inappropriate PPI use to 30% from the baseline rates of 80% and surpassed our goal within 12 months. This quality improvement was unique as no pharmacy personnel was utilized in this process. The multifaceted strategies in a safety-net internal medicine clinic resulted in successful deprescribing of PPI and can be replicated in other setting.
Increased Acid Exposure on Pretransplant Impedance-pH Testing Is Associated With Chronic Rejection After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Lo Wai-Kit , Moniodis Anna , Goldberg Hilary J. , Feldman Natan , Chan Walter W. 
Published: February 2020

Goal:
The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between pretransplant measures of reflux and longer-term outcomes of chronic allograft rejection in lung transplant recipients.

Background:
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a primary measure of morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation, and a manifestation of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Acid reflux has been associated with early allograft injury through a proposed mechanism of aspiration and activation of the inflammatory cascade, but its association with chronic rejection is unclear.

Study:
This was a retrospective cohort study of lung transplant recipients undergoing impedance-pH testing off proton pump inhibitor from 2007 to 2016. Patients with pretransplant antireflux surgery were excluded. Time-to-event analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model was applied to assess the relationship between pretransplant reflux measures and the development of BOS, defined histologically and clinically. A secondary analysis was completed using CLAD as the outcome variable.

Results:
Fifty-one subjects (59% men, mean age: 56, mean follow-up: 2.2 y) met inclusion criteria for the study. The BOS endpoint was reached in 13 subjects (28%). In time-to-event analyses, BOS was associated with increased acid exposure, defined as >4.2% of time with pH<4 [hazard ratio (HR): 4.18; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31-13.4; P=0.01], and elevated DeMeester score >14.7 (HR: 3.08; 95% CI: 1.02-9.26; P=0.04), with confirmation from Kaplan-Meier analyses. The secondary analysis demonstrated a similar association between increased acid exposure and CLAD (HR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.09-9.88; P=0.03), which persisted on multivariate models.

Conclusion:
Increased acid exposure on pretransplant reflux testing was associated with the development of BOS and CLAD, both measures of chronic allograft rejection, after lung transplantation, and may provide clinically relevant information to improve lung allograft survival through aggressive reflux management.
Adopting Open Educational Resources in a Nursing Informatics Course
Authors: Riley Elizabeth , Carmack Jeffrey K. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Open educational resources (OERs) provide many benefits in nursing education, such as continuously updated course content and textbook cost savings.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of OER adoption by analyzing final course grades (to measure student performance) and course evaluations (to measure student satisfaction) in an online nursing informatics course in an RN-BSN completion program.

Methods
This study used a quantitative, retrospective design to compare course grades and student course satisfaction between an OER-based (n = 70) and textbook-only (n = 73) nursing informatics course.

Results
A Mann-Whitney U test revealed a statistically significant difference in mean course grades (P = .03, r = 0.18) for the OER group. There were no differences in course satisfaction between the textbook and OER groups (P = .41, r = 0.18).

Conclusion
The results showed that courses designed with OER content can improve student performance in nursing informatics while maintaining course satisfaction.
Profiling ACE2 expression in colon tissue of healthy adults and colorectal cancer patients by single-cell transcriptome analysis
Authors: Chen Haoyan , Xuan Baoqin , Yan Yuqing , Zhu Xiaoqiang , Shen Chaoqin , Zhao Gang , Ji Linhua , Xu Danhua , Xiong Hua , Yu TaChung , Li Xiaobo , Liu Qiang , Chen Yingxuan , Cui Yun , Hong Jie , Fang Jing-Yuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA newly identified novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused numerous acute respiratory syndrome cases in Wuhan China from December 2019 to Feb 2020. Its fast spreading to other provinces in China and overseas is very likely causing a pandemic. Since the novel coronavirus has been reported to be capable of endangering thousands of lives, it is extremely important to find out how the coronavirus is transmitted in human organs. Apart from fever and respiratory complications, gastrointestinal symptoms are observed in some patients with 2019-nCoV but the significance remains undetermined. The cell receptor angiotensin covering enzyme II (ACE2), which is the major receptor of SARS-nCoV, has been reported to be a cellular entry receptor of 2019-nCoV as well. Here, to more precisely explore the potential pathogen transmission route of the 2019-nCoV infections in the gastrointestinal tract, we analyzed the ACE2 RNA expression profile in the colon tissue of healthy adults and colorectal cancer patients of our cohort and other databases. The data indicates that ACE2 is mainly expressed in epithelial cells of the colon. The expression of ACE2 is gradually increased from healthy control, adenoma to colorectal cancer patients in our cohort as well as in the external Asian datasets. According to the expression profile of ACE2 in colon epithelial cells, we speculate adenoma and colorectal cancer patients are more likely to be infected with 2019-nCoV than healthy people. Our data may provide a theoretical basis for the classification and management of future 2019-nCoV susceptibility people in clinical application.
Phase-adjusted estimation of the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 cases in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Huwen , Wang Zezhou , Dong Yinqiao , Chang Ruijie , Xu Chen , Yu Xiaoyue , Zhang Shuxian , Tsamlag Lhakpa , Shang Meili , Huang Jinyan , Wang Ying , Xu Gang , Shen Tian , Zhang Xinxin , Cai Yong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn outbreak of clusters of viral pneumonia due to a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV / SARS-CoV-2) happened in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China in December 2019. Since the outbreak, several groups reported estimated R0 of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and generated valuable prediction for the early phase of this outbreak. After implementation of strict prevention and control measures in China, new estimation is needed. An infectious disease dynamics SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious and Removed) model was applied to estimate the epidemic trend in Wuhan, China under two assumptions of Rt. In the first assumption, Rt was assumed to maintain over 1. The estimated number of infections would continue to increase throughout February without any indication of dropping with Rt = 1.9, 2.6 or 3.1. The number of infections would reach 11,044, 70,258 and 227,989, respectively, by 29 February 2020. In the second assumption, Rt was assumed to gradually decrease at different phases from high level of transmission (Rt = 3.1, 2.6 and 1.9) to below 1 (Rt = 0.9 or 0.5) owing to increasingly implemented public heath intervention. Several phases were divided by the dates when various levels of prevention and control measures were taken in effect in Wuhan. The estimated number of infections would reach the peak in late February, which is 58,077–84,520 or 55,869–81,393. Whether or not the peak of the number of infections would occur in February 2020 may be an important index for evaluating the sufficiency of the current measures taken in China. Regardless of the occurrence of the peak, the currently strict measures in Wuhan should be continuously implemented and necessary strict public health measures should be applied in other locations in China with high number of COVID-19 cases, in order to reduce Rt to an ideal level and control the infection.
The cross-sectional study of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Xiangyang, Hubei province
Authors: Ai Jin-Wei , Chen Jun-Wen , Wang Yong , Liu Xiao-Yun , Fan Wu-Feng , Qu Gao-Jing , Zhang Mei-Ling , Pei Sheng-Duo , Tang Bo-Wen , Yuan Shuai , Li Yang , Wang Li-Sha , Huang Guo-Xin , Pei Bin 
Published: February 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized patients and to offer suggestions to the urgent needs of COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis and treatment.MethodsWe included 102 confirmed COVID-19 cases hospitalized in Xiangyang No.1 people’s hospital, Hubei, China until Feb 9th, 2020. Demographic data, laboratory findings and chest computed tomographic (CT) images were obtained and analyzed.FindingsAll cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, including 52 males and 50 females with a mean age of 50.38 years (SD 16.86). Incubation time ranged from one to twenty days with a mean period of 8.09 days (SD 4.99). Fever (86[84.3%] of 102 patients), cough (58[57%]), fatigue (28[27%]), shortness of breath (24[23%]), diarrhea (15[15%]), expectoration (13[12%]), inappetence (11[10%]) were common clinical manifestations. We observed a decreased blood leukocyte count and lymphopenia in 21 (20.6%) and 56 (54.9%) patients, respectively. There were 66 (68%) of 97 patients with elevated C-reactive protein levels and 49 (57.6%) of 85 with increased erythrocytes sedimentation rate. Higher levels of procalcitonin and ferritin were observed in 19 (25.3%) of 75 and 12 (92.3%) of 13 patients, respectively. Eight patients were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), six developed respiratory failure, three had multiple organ failure and three died. The cumulative positivity rate over three rounds of real-time RT-PCR was 96%. One-hundred patients were found with typical radiological abnormalities in two rounds of chest CT scans, indicating a 98% consistency with real-time RT-PCR results.InterpretationMost COVID-19 patients in Xiangyang were secondary cases without sex difference, and the rate of severe case and death was low. Middle-to-old-age individuals were more susceptible to the virus infection and the subsequent development of severe/fatal consequences. The average incubation period was longer among our patients. We recommend prolonging the quarantine period to three weeks. Three times real-time RT-PCR plus two times CT scans is a practical clinical diagnosis strategy at present and should be used to increase the accuracy of diagnosis, thereby controlling the source of infection more effectively.