bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing vehicle passenger fatality have changed over 10 years: a nationwide hospital-based study
Authors: Ishii Wataru , Hitosugi Masahito , Takeda Arisa , Baba Mineko , Iizuka Ryoji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTraffic injury trends have changed with safety developments. To establish effective preventive measures against traffic fatalities, the factors influencing fatalities must be understood. The present study evaluated data from a national medical database to determine the changes in these factors over time, as this has not been previously investigated. This observational study retrospectively analysed data from the Japanese Trauma Data Bank. Vehicle passengers involved in collisions from 2004–2008 and 2016–2017 were included. Data were compared between the two study periods, and between fatal and non-fatal patients within each period. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors influencing fatalities. In 2016–2017, patients were older and had lower fatality rates. In 2004–2008, fatalities were more likely to involve older male front-seat passengers with low d-BP, BT, and GCS values, and high AIS of the neck and abdomen. However, in 2016–2017, fatalities were more likely to involve older males with low GCS, high AIS of the abdomen, and positive focused assessment with sonography for trauma results. Our study identified independent factors influencing vehicle passenger fatalities, which will likely continue to evolve with the aging of the population and changing manners of injury.
Aedes aegypti Odorant Binding Protein 22 selectively binds fatty acids through a conformational change in its C-terminal tail
Authors: Wang Jing , Murphy Emma J. , Nix Jay C. , Jones David N. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAedes aegyptiis the primary vector for transmission of Dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. Previously it was shown that Dengue virus infection of the mosquito led to an in increased expression of the odorant binding protein 22 (AeOBP22) within the mosquito salivary gland and that siRNA mediated knockdown of AeOBP22 led to reduced mosquito feeding behaviors. Insect OBPs are implicated in the perception, storage and transport of chemosensory signaling molecules including air-borne odorants and pheromones. AeOBP22 is unusual as it is additionally expressed in multiple tissues, including the antenna, the male reproductive glands and is transferred to females during reproduction, indicating multiple roles in the mosquito life cycle. However, it is unclear what role it plays in these tissues and what ligands it interacts with. Here we present solution and X-ray crystallographic studies that indicate a potential role of AeOBP22 binding to fatty acids, and that the specificity for longer chain fatty acids is regulated by a conformational change in the C-terminal tail that leads to creation of an enlarged binding cavity that enhances binding affinity. This study sheds light onto the native ligands for AeOBP22 and provides insight into its potential functions in different tissues.
Preserved cortical thickness, surface area and volume in adolescents with PTSD after childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Rinne-Albers Mirjam A. , Boateng Charlotte P. , van der Werff Steven J. , Lamers-Winkelman Francien , Rombouts Serge A. , Vermeiren Robert R. , van der Wee Nic J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExposure to childhood adverse events is associated with severe consequences for general health and structural and functional changes in the brain of its survivors. In order to unravel and in the end influence the pathway linking adversity and pathology, neuroimaging research is crucial. Up till now studies in minors are scarce and differ in type of adversity or methodology. Almost all studies report lower cortical thickness, but in a broad variety of regions. In this study we investigated cortical thickness measures and clinical data in a well circumscribed group of adolescents with PTSD related to childhood sexual abuse (CSA) (N = 21) and a healthy non-traumatised control group (N = 21). The ventromedial PFC (vmPFC), ACC, insula, and middle/superior temporal gyrus were chosen as ROI’s due to their respective roles in emotion and information processing. No significant effect of group was found for cortical thickness, surface area or volume in any of the ROIs. This is in line with the results of research in adult women with sexual abuse related PTSD, suggesting that this may be specific to this group, independent of age. Recent research points to differential biological and pathological consequences of different types of childhood adversity.
Precision cell-free DNA extraction for liquid biopsy by integrated microfluidics
Authors: Lee Hoyoon , Park Chanhee , Na Wonhwi , Park Kyong Hwa , Shin Sehyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been implicated as an important biomarker in cancer management. Thus, efficient techniques for cfDNA extraction are necessary for precision medicine. We developed a centrifugation-free cfDNA extraction microfluidic chip capable of extracting cfDNA from plasma samples through microfluidic circuits within 15 min under vacuum pressure using an immiscible solvent. The microfluidic chip had excellent performance that was comparable to the most widely used commercial product (QIAamp kit) in terms of extraction efficiency, purity, and quality of DNA samples. The microfluidic chip was validated for the continuous monitoring ofHER-2type breast cancer and was able to successfully detect a point mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA) during severe liver metastasis. The chip effectively eliminates the repetitive centrifugation processes and dramatically shortened the sample preparation time. The proposed platform could facilitate the development of a sample-to-answer system for use in liquid biopsy of cancers.
Naringin protects endothelial cells from apoptosis and inflammation by regulating the Hippo-YAP Pathway
Authors: Zhao Hui , Liu Meirong , Liu Hui , Suo Rong , Lu Chengzhi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of several cardiovascular diseases. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced apoptosis, endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and inflammation are crucial for the progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Naringin, a major compound from tomatoes, grapefruits, and related citrus, reportedly exhibits potential protective effects during atherosclerosis development; however, its effect on ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) damage remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities of naringin against ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells, and the underlying mechanism. Naringin pretreatment significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited ox-LDL-induced cell injury and apoptosis. Additionally, naringin restored endothelial barrier integrity by preventing VE-cadherin disassembly and F-actin remodeling, and down-regulated pro-inflammatory factors like IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18, in the HUVECs. We also demonstrated that naringin treatment restored ox-LDL-induced YAP (yes-associated protein) down-regulation, given the YAP-shRNA attenuated cytoprotective effect of naringin on ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury and apoptosis. Collectively, our data indicate that naringin reversed ox-LDL-triggered HUVEC apoptosis, EndMT, and inflammation by inhibiting the YAP pathway. Therefore, naringin may have a therapeutic effect on endothelial injury-related disorders.
Myriocin and d-PDMP ameliorate atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice via reducing lipid uptake and vascular inflammation
Authors: Yu Zemou , Peng Qing , Li Songyue , Hao Hongjun , Deng Jianwen , Meng Lingbing , Shen Zhiyuan , Yu Weiwei , Nan Ding , Bai Yu , Huang Yining 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sphingolipids have been implicated in the etiology of atherosclerosis. The commonly used sphingolipid inhibitors, myriocin (a ceramide inhibitor) and d-PDMP (d-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol, a glycosphingolipid inhibitor), have shown therapeutic potential but their efficacy and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with a control, myriocin, d-PDMP, or atorvastatin for 12 weeks. We analyzed the effects of these drugs on the size and detailed composition of atherosclerotic plaques. Molecular biological approaches were used to explore how the inhibitors affect lipid metabolism and foam-cell formation. Treatment with myriocin or d-PDMP led to smaller and less vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions and was almost as effective as atorvastatin. Sphingolipid inhibitors down-regulated the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and its receptor chemoattractant cytokine receptor 2 (CCR2), which play a key role in monocyte recruitment. They also decreased pro-inflammatory Ly-6chigh monocytes and influenced the uptake of modified LDL by down-regulating the expression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and lectin-like oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1). The inhibitors exhibited the advantage of maintaining normal glucose homeostasis compared with atorvastatin. These findings reveal for the first time that the modulation of sphingolipid synthesis can effectively alleviate atherosclerosis progression by preventing lipid uptake and reducing inflammatory responses in the arterial walls.
The solar wind from a stellar perspective
Authors: Boro Saikia S. , Jin M. , Johnstone C. P. , Lüftinger T. , Güdel M. , Airapetian V. S. , Kislyakova K. G. , Folsom C. P. 
Published: February 2020

Context.Due to the effects that they can have on the atmospheres of exoplanets, stellar winds have recently received significant attention in the literature. Alfvén-wave-driven 3D magnetohydrodynamic models, which are increasingly used to predict stellar wind properties, contain unconstrained parameters and rely on low-resolution stellar magnetograms.Aims.In this paper, we explore the effects of the input Alfvén wave energy flux and the surface magnetogram on the wind properties predicted by the Alfvén Wave Solar Model (AWSoM) model for both the solar and stellar winds.Methods.We lowered the resolution of two solar magnetograms during solar cycle maximum and minimum using spherical harmonic decomposition. The Alfvén wave energy was altered based on non-thermal velocities determined from a far ultraviolet spectrum of the solar twin 18 Sco. Additionally, low-resolution magnetograms of three solar analogues, 18 Sco, HD 76151, and HN Peg, were obtained using Zeeman Doppler imaging and used as a proxy for the solar magnetogram. Finally, the simulated wind properties were compared to Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) observations.Results.AWSoM simulations using well constrained input parameters taken from solar observations can reproduce the observed solar wind mass loss and angular momentum loss rates. The simulated wind velocity, proton density, and ram pressure differ from ACE observations by a factor of approximately two. The resolution of the magnetogram has a small impact on the wind properties and only during cycle maximum. However, variation in Alfvén wave energy influences the wind properties irrespective of the solar cycle activity level. Furthermore, solar wind simulations carried out using the low-resolution magnetogram of the three stars instead of the solar magnetogram could lead to an order of a magnitude difference in the simulated solar wind properties.Conclusions.The choice in Alfvén energy has a stronger influence on the wind output compared to the magnetogram resolution. The influence could be even stronger for stars whose input boundary conditions are not as well constrained as those of the Sun. Unsurprisingly, replacing the solar magnetogram with a stellar magnetogram could lead to completely inaccurate solar wind properties, and should be avoided in solar and stellar wind simulations. Further observational and theoretical work is needed to fully understand the complexity of solar and stellar winds.
Zukunft der Revisionschirurgie bei Implantatlockerung: Pro/Kontra: Die meisten Implantatlockerungen sind mit einer niedrig virulenten Infektion assoziiert – Ein Wandel im Management ist notwendig
Authors: Ringel Florian 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungLockerungen spinaler Implantate sind ein typisches Problem, das insbesondere Pedikelschrauben betrifft. Meist werden Probleme der Knochenqualität oder technische Aspekte der Instrumentierung für Implantatlockerungen verantwortlich gemacht.Allerdings finden sich zunehmende Berichte von Implantat-assoziierten ‚low grade‘ Infektionen als Ursache von Schraubenlockerungen. Diese ‚low grade‘ Infektionen sind oftmals mit der Bildung eines bakteriellen Biofilms assoziiert, sodass zum Infektionsnachweis eine Sonikation der explantierten Implantate erfolgen muss. Zur konsequenten Sanierung von Implantat-assoziierten ‚low grade‘ Infektionen ist eine Entfernung oder ein Wechsel der besiedelten Implantate gefolgt von einer mehrwöchigen Antibiotikatherapie notwendig. Ein einfacher Tausch gelockerter Pedikelschrauben ist nicht ausreichend. Um diesem Problem gerecht zu werden, muss sich zum einen die Behandlung explantierten Materials ändern – Sonikate müssen durchgeführt werden, zum zweiten müssen konsequente Implantatwechsel bzw. -entfernungen erfolgen, und es muss über eine suffiziente Dauer eine Antibiose mit einem Biofilm-gängigen Antibiotikum erfolgen.
Zukunft der operativen Therapie degenerativer Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen: Kontra – Wandel hin zu weniger Operationen aufgrund fehlender Evidenz
Authors: Thomé Claudius 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer starke Anstieg von Wirbelsäulenoperationen ist Gegenstand der gesundheitspolitischen Diskussion in Deutschland und bietet Anlass zu einer kritischen Analyse. Teilweise ist die rezente Steigerung um 82 % innerhalb von 10 Jahren durch die demographische Entwicklung, das verbesserte perioperative Patientenmanagement und die technische Weiterentwicklung in der spinalen Chirurgie bedingt. Einen größeren Anteil scheinen jedoch systemimmanente Faktoren aufzuweisen. So sind der Einfluss von finanziellen Anreizen, Patientenerwartungen und Chirurgendichte nicht von der Hand zu weisen. Die Operationshäufigkeiten und die vorliegenden Versorgungsdaten aus Deutschland legen nahe, dass die evidenzbasierten Richtlinien nicht verlässlich bzw. nicht flächendeckend eingehalten werden. Bei oftmals fehlender Evidenz für chirurgische Maßnahmen oder für bestimmte Operationstechniken wird eine strengere Indikationsstellung nicht zu umgehen sein, sodass ein Wandel zu weniger Operationen die Folge sein wird. Ob dies durch bereits angestoßene Maßnahmen beispielsweise der Deutschen Wirbelsäulengesellschaft wie Ausbildungsverbesserung, Wirbelsäulenregister oder Zweitmeinungsportale ausreichend erfolgen wird oder durch politische Intervention aufoktroyiert werden muss, wird sich zeigen.
CAR-T-Zellen: Update 2019
Authors: Dluczek Sarah , Tretbar Sandy , Fricke Stephan , Köhl Ulrike 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie chimäre Antigenrezeptortherapie (CAR-Therapie) entwickelte sich zu einem der vielversprechendsten immunonkologischen Therapieansätze für die Behandlung von Krebs. Aufgrund der klinischen Erfolge wurden bisher 2 CD19-spezifische CAR-T-Zell-Therapien in den USA und der EU zugelassen. Die bahnbrechenden Ergebnisse weckten sowohl in der Industrie als auch in der Forschung großes Interesse und sorgten für eine rasante Entwicklung in diesem Feld.
Aktuelle Therapien und Technologien in der Kinderdiabetologie
Authors: Bartelt Heike , Klamt Sabine , Thiele Alena Gerlinde , Sergeyev Elena , Kiess Wieland , Kapellen Thomas Michael 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn diesem Artikel soll eine kurze Zusammenfassung gegeben werden über einige aktuelle Neuerungen in der Diabetestherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Angefangen von der Vorstellung neuer Insuline und deren Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der ICT mit Vor- und Nachteilen geht es auch um neue Insulinpumpenmodelle und deren Anwendungsmerkmale bis hin zu FGM, CGM und zur sensorunterstützten Pumpentherapie, deren letztendliche Anwendung in einem Hybrid-Closed-Loop endet. Die komplette Anwendung beim Patienten ist noch nicht für alle vorgestellten Neuerungen möglich, aber in Aussicht oder möglichweise das Ziel.
Welche juristischen Inhalte für die Dolmetscherausbildung?
Authors: Reichmann Tinka 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I discuss choices concerning the legal content for interpreting students based on the syllabus of a
lecture on Legal Interpreting in the Master of Arts in Conference Interpreting at the University of Leipzig. The topics were
chosen on the basis of the professional experience of sworn interpreters in Germany. The aim is to prepare students for working in
the different legal contexts (court, police, notary public, prison, psychiatric hospital, public administration etc.) in Germany
by offering basic legal knowledge in those fields. Based on this syllabus, students are enabled to discuss the role of
interpreters as seen by themselves and by professional associations in comparison to professionals in the legal field, and also
ethical questions. It entitles them to act professionally and ethically in all these contexts.
Theway-construction in World Englishes*
Authors: Brunner Thomas , Hoffmann Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTheway-construction (e.g.He sang his way into our hearts) is a highly idiomatic English Argument Structure construction. Apart from a brief discussion in Davies and Fuchs (2015: 13), however, no study has looked at the construction in World Englishes. Drawing on more than 14,000 tokens from theCorpus of Global Web-Based English(GloWbE), we present the first in-depth empirical analysis of the construction across various types of World Englishes. Our results provide support forHoffmann’s (2014)claim of the correlation of Dynamic Model stage (Schneider 2003,2007) and constructional productivity: the overall frequency of the construction as well as the productivity of the verbal, nominal, and prepositional slots of the construction correlate positively with a variety’s phase in the Dynamic Model. Moreover, it turns out that the less entrenched a variety is according to the Dynamic Model, the stronger is its tendency to select specific prototypical, or frequent, fillers in the constructional slots. Finally, we find no evidence for the reliteralisation hypothesis, i.e. that less advanced varieties exhibit a preference for concrete verbs or nouns.
Non-canonical syntax in an Expanding Circle variety
Authors: Leuckert Sven , Rüdiger Sofia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes fronting constructions in spoken Korean(ized) English. Non-canonical syntax is an important means of structuring discourse, but its use by speakers of Expanding Circle Englishes has so far received only insufficient attention in studies of World Englishes. Taking a corpus-linguistic approach, this study determines to which extent topicalization and left-dislocation are used by South Korean speakers of English in informal conversations. In our explanation of the results, which show that fronting constructions are clearly part of the Korean English repertoire albeit used with varying frequencies, we mainly draw on notions of language contact (i.e. Korean as the substrate being a topic-prominent language) and language acquisition processes.
Speech-unit finallikein Irish English
Authors: Schweinberger Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the use of speech-unit finallike(SUFlike) in standard Irish English (IrE) and takes a variationist approach based on the Irish component of theInternational Corpus of English(ICE-IRL). The analysis includes both sociolinguistic factors (age, gender, occupation type, religious affiliation, conversation type, audience size, type and zone of residence) and a psycholinguistic factor (priming). The statistical analysis extends previous research on SUFlikein that it applies the principle of accountability and shows that priming significantly facilitates SUFlikeuse, that SUFlikehas increased between an earlier (1990–1994) and a later phase (2002–2005) of data collection and that, between 2002 and 2005, SUFlikeuse correlates negatively with audience size but not so in data collected between 1990 and 1994. The relative absence of significant social stratification of SUFlikeuse suggests that SUFlikecontinues to be a frequent feature of standard IrE and substantiates that it is a linguistic marker of Irish identity.
‘Overloaded like a Bolivian truck’
Authors: Haynes Nell 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMemes have become an important linguistic tool not only for communicating emotions and ideas, but also are integral to constructing the self in online space. This paper concentrates on copper miners in northern Chile and the ways they use memes to make claims related to (hetero)sexuality,mestizaje, and nationalism. With men at the mine during week-long shifts and families in towns several hours away, social media is important for maintaining communication as well as representing the self. Miners present their labor as central to their sense of self, with memes that indirectly index heterosexuality, modernity associated with resource extraction, and racialmestizajelinked to nationalism. The visibility of these memes across spaces of both mine and town gives men an opportunity to construct a cohesive digital self, with implications for reinforcing assumptions about what is appropriate gender performance.
HRM: H-tree based reconfiguration mechanism in reconfigurable homogeneous PE array
Authors: Deng Junyong , Jiang Lin , Zhu Yun , Xie Xiaoyan , Liu Xinchuang , He Feilong , Song Shuang , John L. K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In order to accommodate the variety of algorithms with different performance in specific application and improve power efficiency, reconfigurable architecture has become an effective methodology in academia and industry. However, existing architectures suffer from performance bottleneck due to slow updating of contexts and inadequate flexibility. This paper presents an H-tree based reconfiguration mechanism (HRM) with Huffman-coding-like and mask addressing method in a homogeneous processing element (PE) array, which supports both programmable and data-driven modes. The proposed HRM can transfer reconfiguration instructions/contexts to a particular PE or associated PEs simultaneously in one clock cycle in unicast, multicast and broadcast mode, and shut down the unnecessary PE/PEs according to the current configuration. To verify the correctness and efficiency, we implement it in RTL synthesis and FPGA prototype. Compared to prior works, the experiment results show that the HRM has improved the work frequency by an average of 23.4%, increased the updating speed by 2×, and reduced the area by 36.9%; HRM can also power off the unnecessary PEs which reduced 51% of dynamic power dissipation in certain application configuration. Furthermore, in the data-driven mode, the system frequency can reach 214 MHz, which is 1.68× higher compared with the programmable mode.
Modelling of high-speed railway traction power supply systems based on subspace identification
Authors: Wu D Y , Ma L , Cheng S K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, reduced mathematical models for high-speed railway traction power systems based on subspace identification method (SIM) are proposed. SIM applies reliable algebra tools to estimate state variables, and then provides an analytic representation for the identified systems, especially those of large dimension. Accuracy for identification results of different orders is discussed, under both normal operation and fault cases. With appropriate accuracy-simplicity trade-off, a uniform order decision is deduced. Reduced models derived from identification could be used for further studies of network-side impact on train-network coupling problems.