bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Local Application of Mitomycin C in Reducing Recurrence Rate of Keloid after Surgery
Authors: Sengupta Anindita , Das Arindam , Ghosh Debasish , Dhara Subhadip , Ghosh Soumyendu , Sengupta Arunabha , Bhattacharya Subhendu 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Keloid is a hyperproliferative response of the fibroelastic connective tissue to dermal trauma, appearing predominantly in areas of high skin tension. Surgical excision produces immediate cosmetic correction, but recurrence rates after surgical treatment alone are high and post excision adjunct therapies should be considered. Topical application of Mitomycin C has shown to suppress cell division, fibroblast proliferation, protein and collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. In our study we applied it locally after surgical excision of keloid of auricle and compared the outcome with post-surgical perilesional Triamcinolone acetonide injection to reduce recurrence.
Materials and Method
Fifty cases with primary or recurrent keloid over auricle were studied from February 2015 to January 2016. They are divided into two groups; Group 1 received local Mitomycin C application after keloid excision while Group 2 had perilesional injection of Triamcinolone acetonide after surgical excision of keloid. The results were compared 6 months after the initial treatment.
Result
There was no statistical difference in the baseline characteristics like age, sex, type of symptoms and previous history of recurrence between the two groups. Most of the patients in both the groups were aged between 14 and 30 years. The study population constituted predominantly of females. At the end of 6 months follow up, the recurrences noted were 5 and 6 respectively in Group 1 and 2 out of 25 patients in each group.
Conclusion
After surgical excision of keloid, topical application of Mitomycin C is as effective as intralesional Triamcinolone acetonide injection in terms of recurrence of the keloids affecting the auricle.
Vitamin D Deficiency in South Sharqiya in Oman and its Impact in ENT Patients- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Segana Hasan Abdul Cader , Nair Reghunandanan , Shah Fahim Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Vitamin D deficiency has multitude of causes and can present with varying clinical manifestations. Studies show that it can lead on to recurrent respiratory infections, ear infections and deafness. Vitamin D also has immunomodulant action. Here we discuss the varying features concerning an Otolaryngologist in general as far as Vitamin D metabolism is concerned.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study was performed on 800 patients 152 males and 648 females of different socioeconomic background at secondary level regional referral hospital under Ministry of Health in Sultanate of Oman. The patients attending the outpatient clinic with various complaints and not responding to conventional treatment were advised for assessment of vitamin D [25 (OH) D] level in blood. The patients were evaluated with general history, blood samples of serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and serum vitamin D level were measured by the most standardized laboratory of the country.
Results
Out of 800 patients, 275 cases had Vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml and 167 patients had values greater than 30 ng/ml in serum.81% patients with vitamin D deficiency were females.56.25% patients were between third and sixth decade. Otolaryngologic manifestations were acute and recurrent URTI (n=352) 44%. 7% of the patients presented with recurrent ear infection (otitis externa). The rest of them presented to a lesser extent with deafness, otosclerosis.
Discussion
Vitamin D deficiency has been reported worldwide as one of the commonest deficiency diseases. It can lead to autoimmune dysfunctions, Beta cell dysfunction in pancreas, Multiple sclerosis, recurrent chest infections and congestive cardiac failure. Studies have shown the involvement of cochlea with sensorineural hearing loss and otosclerosis.
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency has multi system implications as patients presenting with different signs and symptoms. Mass level screening and vitamin D supplementation should be planned to decrease its varied and multidimensional ill effects on health. Adequate vitamin D supplementation and sensible sunlight exposure to reach optimal vitamin D status are among the front line factors of prophylaxis for spectrum of disorders.
Factors Responsible for the Diagnostic Delay in Oral Cancer Patients: A Hospital Based Sociodemographic Study in Kolkata
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pramitasri , Mukherjee Dwaipayan , Barman Snehasis , Dey Tushar Kanti , Biswas Jaydip 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Oral cancer is a challenging health problem globally. Delay in diagnosis is an important factor in determining the outcome of the disease. It is a major determinant of mortality and morbidity of oral cancer patients. Present observational study was conducted with the objective of finding the factors responsible for delay in diagnosis of oral cancer in patients.
Materials and Methods
Hospital based observational study where patient register was used as data source from 15th Nov, 2013-15th Jan, 2014.
Results
Among the causes for delay in reporting to hospital, financial constraint (84%) and illiteracy (56.5%) have been found to contribute the most. The risk of primary delay is 3.53 times more among illiterate in comparison with literate. Age, gender, stage of cancer, religion, caste, tobacco use and delayed referral from the first physician were the other factors found to be significant in relation to primary delay.
Discussion
Early diagnosis is a major factor for favorable outcome of a disease and several factors hinder early diagnosis. Some of these factors can be easily modified through Information, Education and Communication (IEC).
Conclusion
Some important factors that lead to delay are identified and some of them are preventable. So, IEC regarding cancer among general population will not only provide knowledge to them, but also will break myths regarding cancer and reduce the burden of disease. These identified predictors of delay may be used for designing an educational intervention program for patients with oral cancers.
Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: Our Initial Experience
Authors: Chakraborty Rajarshi , Singh Mukesh Kumar , Ghosh Swapan Kumar , Kundu Indranath 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Patients with lesions of the skull base form a minor but very important subgroup of patients presenting to the ENT surgeon or are referred from other departments with complaints such as headache, nasal discharge and nasal obstruction. This study was done to study the clinical presentation of the patients with lesions of the skull base, assess intra operative findings and complications, and to document post operative clinical course and histopathological reports.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study was conducted on 10 patients with skull base lesions, who were operated on at our institution between August 2014 and August 2015. Patients with clinically and radiologically documented skull base lesions operated by endoscopic methods were included, while those operated on with open methods or those having involvement of the cavernous sinuses and the internal carotid arteries were excluded.
Results
All patients in the group were successfully operated on with no major intra operative or post operative complications encountered. Adequate tissue was obtained for biopsy with adequate sellar decompression and plugging of CSF leaks was done as required.
Conclusion
Endoscopic interventions for the skull base lesions can be safely performed in tertiary care set ups with minimal intra operative and post operative morbidity and have a better prognosis than other open procedures.
Collaural Fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Pal Kalyan , Chakraborty Dipanjan , Kundu Sohag , Mukhopadhyay Subrata 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Collaural fistula or cervico-aural fistula is rare and accounts for less than 8% of branchial cleft anomalies. Their rarity and diverse presentations have frequently led to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
Case Report
We report one such case of a 7 year old girl who presented to us with two discharging cutaneous openings on the left side; one in the floor of the left external auditory canal and another in the upper neck and lower face (infra-auricular region).
Discussion
Surgical exploration and excision is the definitive treatment of a collaural fistula. A sinus/ fistula opening into the external auditory canal, should be removed with skin and cartilage. If more than 30% of the circumference of the external auditory canal is denuded, split thickness skin grafting and stenting are recommended. The potential post-operative complications are facial nerve paralysis and recurrence of the lesion. Fistulogram is a useful diagnostic tool.
Comparative Study of Autologous Ossicular Graft versus Titanium Prosthesis (TORP & PORP) in Ossiculoplasty
Authors: Thamizharasan P , Ravi K 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
This prospective cohort study aims to analyze and compare the outcomes of ossiculoplasty in terms of hearing results, intra and post operative course, using autograft incus and titanium middle ear prosthesis.
Materials and Methods
Patients with a history of chronic ear discharge and conductive deafness were included in the study. Out of 21 patients with ossicular chain defect included in the study, 10 patients underwent ossiculoplasty with autograft incus and 11 with titanium prosthesis. Pure tone audiogram was done after three months.
Result
In patients with incus ossiculoplasty, average Post operative PTA was 43.5 dB ± 7.934SD and Net gain in hearing was 10.7 decibels ± 15.478SD. In patients with titanium prosthesis ossiculoplasty, average Post operative PTA was 41.4 dB ± 4.789SD and Net gain in hearing was 16 decibels ± 11.981SD.
Discussion
Three patients underwent only Tympanoplasty post operative PTA was 42 ± 5.292 dB (incus- 39 dB, titanium- 48dB) and hearing gain was 13.33 ± 12.583 (incus-20dB, titanium-0dB). Five patients underwent intact canal wall with Tympanoplasty: Post operative PTA was 35 ± 3 dB (incus-35dB, titanium-30dB) and hearing gain was 23 ± 15.379 (incus-18.33dB, titanium-30dB). Thirteen patients underwent canal wall down procedure with Tympanoplasty: Post operative PTA was 45.67 ± 5.228 dB (incus-50.4dB, titanium-41.8dB) and hearing gain was 9.33 ± 12.309 (incus-2.4dB, titanium-14.285dB). Complications in the short period studied were nil in both groups.
Conclusion
Incus and titanium have equal postoperative hearing but in terms of hearing gain Titanium prosthesis gave a better hearing gain than incus.
The Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in England and Wales over A Ten-Year Period
Authors: Evans Louise Marie , Stechman Michael , Owens David 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide, whether a real or apparent increase is debated. Literature from the USA suggests greater diagnostic scrutiny, environmental and genetic factors may all play a part. This increase will result in a greater number of referrals for surgical assessment. This study examined the trend in incidence of thyroid cancer in England and Wales.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective study, using the HES database over the period 2000-2010. Data were extracted of all newly diagnosed thyroid cancers in England and Wales and the age at diagnosis. Data were examined for the change in incidence of thyroid cancer diagnosis dependent on the age group of the patient using the linear regression model.
Results
45411 patients were identified. In England the incidence of thyroid cancer rose from 5.7/100,000 of the population in 2000 to 9.9/100,000 in 2010 and in Wales it rose from 3.5/100,000 in 2000 to 7.5/100,000. There was a statistical increase (P≤0.02) (t-stat >2) in the diagnosis of thyroid cancers across all age groups with exception of the 0-14 age group (P>0.5).
Conclusion
There has been a statistical increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer. This is likely to impact on hospitals and cancer service resources. An increase in surgical demand and the coinciding ageing population highlights the importance of further investigation into the etiology, use of imaging, patient demographics, histology and overall mortality of this patient group.
Hypothyroidism – An Underestimated Complication After Hemithyroidectomy: A Preliminary Study Report
Authors: Aggarwal Neeraj , Dutta Sirshak , Panja Tanaya , Dutta Mainak , Ghosh Sanjoy Kumar , Sinha Ramanuj 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Hypothyroidism is a significant but an under-appreciated complication of hemithyroidectomy. The focus of this study was to assess the incidence of hypothyroidism occurring after hemithyroidectomy, identify the risk factors and to suggest a possible follow-up guideline for diagnosis.
Materials and Methods
An institution based preliminary study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, in a tertiary care hospital, from August 2014 to December 2015 on 25 patients. The patients were regularly followed up in 1st month, 3rd month, 6thmonth, 9th month and 1 year period with the thyroid function test.
Results
Incidence of hypothyroidism occurring after hemithyroidectomy including transient and permanent cases is 32%. Increased age of presentation, longer duration of thyroid swelling, pre-operative serum TSH level >2.5 mIU/ml, lymphocytic infiltration in histopathology and right sided hemithyroidectomy were found to be the possible risk factors.
Conclusion
It is indicated from this preliminary report that there should be a serial thyroid function monitoring in every post-operative hemithyroidectomy patient, and special attention should be given to the risk group
Effect of Different Positions of the Head on Tympanometry Results: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Chatterjee Indranil , Hembram Rabi , Chatterjee Shahi Arpita , Sinha Ashok Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Tympanometry is an objective measure of middle ear function that has been an integral part of the audiological evaluation test battery, for nearly three decades. The parameters of the tympanogram obtained are influenced with many factors such as introduction of positive or negative air pressure, speed of recording tympanogram, etc. This study was aimed to explore the influence of head positioning on tympanometric findings in normal ears.
Materials and Methods
Thirty ears of fifteen normal hearing subjects (mean age 22.8 years) and five ears of subjects (mean age 23 years) with high negative middle ear pressure were selected for the study.Tympanometry was done in four postures: head erect, head bent forward (chin touching the chest), head in supine and head lateralized towards one side.
Results
Two different results were obtained. It was interesting to note that the results significantly changed when the tympanogram was recorded after ten minutes in different head positions compared to those taken immediately after changing the head position.
Discussion
The possible explanation for the effect of duration in different head positions on tympanogram is discussed.
Conclusion
No significant changes were observed on static compliance, middle ear pressure, ear canal volume and pressure gradient when the tympanogram were recorded immediately bringing head in the particular posture. When head was held in the changed position for ten minutes, significant reduction in the pressure gradient was observed. Further extensive studies may be required to document the relationship between head positioning and tympanometric results.
Comparative Study to Assess Clinical Efficacy of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist and Antihistamines in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Dhingra Rachna , Singh Manjinder 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Pharmacologic treatment options for allergic rhinitis include intranasal corticosteroids, oral and topical antihistamines, decongestants, intranasal cromolyn, intranasal anticholinergics and leukotriene receptor antagonists. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of leukotriene receptor antagonist and antihistamines in relieving nasal congestion/ obstruction symptom and itching /irritation in eyes.
Material and Methods
The study was conducted among 125 patients clinically diagnosed suffering from allergic rhinitis Patients were divided into 5 groups and were given oral treatment with oral antihistamines (chlorpheniramine maleate, levocetrizine, fexofenadine, desloratadine) and leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast) for a period of 6 weeks. The results were tabulated and analyzed by Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test with p value <0.05 as significant value.
Result
For relieving nasal obstruction, levocetrizine group showed maximum improvement at 2 weeks. However, at the end of 6 weeks montelukast group showed maximum relief followed by levocetrizine and desloratidine. In relieving eye itching/irritation, montelukast and levocetirizine were equally effective. Fexofenadine and desloratadine were less effective in relieving nasal obstruction and eye itching/irritation followed by chlorpheniramine maleate, which was least effective.
Conclusion
Allergic rhinitis affects the social and professional life of patient. Allergen avoidance should be the initial step in the management of allergic rhinitis. Montelukast and levocetirizine are more effective in relieving nasal obstruction and eye itching/irritation compared to fexofenadine, desloratadine and chlorpheniramine maleate.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial Isolates on the Surface and Core of Tonsils from Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis
Authors: Khadilkar Meera Niranjan , Ankle Nitin , Harakuni Sheetal 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Controversy regarding treatment of tonsillitis based on throat culture report still persists. If surface culture is a determinant of bacteriology of the core, then rational therapy could be aimed at organisms cultured by surface swab.
Materials and Methods
A Cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients of chronic tonsillitis who underwent tonsillectomy. Tonsil surface and core swabs were studied for aerobic and anaerobic growth.
Result
Eighty seven percent patients had aerobic growth on tonsil surface and ninety percent in tonsil core. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest aerobic bacteria isolated. Anaerobic growth was present in 47% patients on tonsil surface, and 48% in core. Porphyromonas sp. was the commonest anaerobic bacterium isolated.
Discussion
There was no statistically significant difference between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria found in tonsil surface and core.
Conclusion
Throat swabs adequately represent core pathogen, and are dependable in detecting bacteriology of chronic tonsillitis.
Evaluation of Results of Cartilage Augmentation in Type III Tympanoplasty
Authors: Pathak Netra Aniruddha , Rokade Vidya Vasant 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
In conventional Type III tympanoplasty, post operative air-bone gap (ABG) is around 10-60dB. This study aimed to assess the hearing results in patients undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy with cartilage augmented type III tympanoplasty.
Materials and Methods
Patients of 6-50 years of age with the diagnosis of Chronic Otitis Media (Squamous) with conductive or mixed hearing loss, requiring canal wall down mastoidectomy and with intact and mobile stapes suprastructure at surgery who underwent cartilage augmentation were included in the study. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was performed and evaluated. Post- operative hearing was assessed in terms of average air bone gap (ABG) and size of ABG closure.
Results
The results concluded that mean of pre and post operative air bone gap were 37.5db and 29.7db respectively with net gain of 7.8db.These differences were significant. Also ABG closure was within 30 db in 28 cases (70%).
Discussion
The results of this study were compared with other reported series. The mechanical and acoustical aspects of canal wall down surgeries as also the probability of variation in results due to differences in surgical procedures and post-operative fibrosis have been mentioned.
Conclusion
There was significant improvement in postoperative hearing after stapes head augmentation in type III tympanoplasty.
Does Anterior Tunnelling Really Help in Underlay Type I Tympanoplasty?
Authors: Kundu Sohag , Ghosh Bhaskar , Adhikary Bijan Kumar , Dutta Mainak 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Stabilizing the graft can be difficult with the conventional method of underlay tympanoplasty when the tympanic membrane perforation is subtotal, large or anteriorly placed with thin anterior rim. Tympanoplasty with anterior tunnelling has been tried to overcome this problem.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study over two-year period was carried out with follow up for three months on 59 patients under two groups- the underlay tympanoplasty with anterior tunnelling and the conventional tympanoplasty with anterior tucking for comparison in terms of pre-and post-operative anatomical correction and physiological improvements
Results
Follow up at 6 weeks and 12 weeks post operatively gives statistically comparable graft take up, hearing result and residual perforations.
Discussion
Among various techniques of dealing with these types of perforations, statistical comparability of the two groups brings in an acceptability to this simple but satisfying procedure of the underlay tympanoplasty with anterior tunnelling.
Conclusion
Underlay tympanoplasty technique (type-I) for subtotal, large or anteriorly placed perforations with thin anterior rim, can be managed by combining with anterior tunnelling which provides at least comparable results (if not more security against graft medialization) in respect of anatomical closure of perforations and hearing outcomes.
Hydatid Cyst of Tongue: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Aggarwal Neeraj , Panja Tanaya , Biswas Khuku , Kar Titas 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Hydatid disease or human cystic echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonosis, endemic in the cattle and dog rearing region worldwide as well as in some parts of India.Cystic echinococcosis affects mostly the liver and lung (80%), but tongue is one of the very rare sites.
Case Report
A 10 year old boy had presented with an isolated cystic lesion in tongue, which was expelled spontaneously with no residual lesion. On detailed examination, no other site in the body was involved.
Discussion
Parasitic cyst of the tongue is rare entity. Microbiological and histopathological examination helped clinch the diagnosis Hydatid cyst should be considered as a differential diagnosis in isolated cystic lesion of tongue, especially in the risk group.