bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early outcomes of emergency ventral hernia repair in a cohort of poorly optimized patients
Authors: Dissanayake Bhanuka , Burstow Matthew J. , Yuide Peter J. , Gundara Justin S. , Chua Terence C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundStrangulated and obstructed ventral hernias require emergent repair to mitigate the risk of life‐threatening complications. Emergency ventral hernia repairs are associated with a higher rate of surgical complications and recurrence compared to elective repairs. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of patient factors, hernia and operative characteristics on post‐operative outcomes in patients requiring emergency ventral hernia repairs.MethodsData were collected from a prospectively held database on 86 consecutive patients undergoing emergency ventral hernia repairs between January 2016 and January 2019 at Logan Hospital. Patient, hernia and operative characteristics were collected for reporting and analysis.ResultsOf the 86 patients, 29 (34%) developed a surgical complication, of which 17 patients (59%) had surgical site infections. We identified obesity (P = 0.017), history of smoking (P = 0.008), American Society of Anesthesiologists class of III–IV (P = 0.008), hernia defect size ≥3 cm (P = 0.048) and concomitant small bowel resection (P = 0.028) to be associated with post‐operative surgical complication. Multivariate analysis identified smoking (P = 0.005) and concomitant small bowel resection (P = 0.026) as independent predictors for developing surgical complications. Seven patients (8%) recurred at a median of 221 days. Incisional hernias (P = 0.001), recurrent hernias (P < 0.001), greater than one defect (P < 0.001) and bowel involvement (P = 0.049) were associated with higher rates of hernia recurrence.ConclusionPatient factors significantly influence outcomes in the emergency setting. Given that this is not modifiable at the time of surgery, greater emphasis needs to be placed on optimizing the physical and behavioural factors of patients with early symptomatic hernias for an elective repair.
Increasing rate of colorectal cancer in younger patients: a review of colonoscopy findings in patients under 50 at a tertiary institution
Authors: Kim Jason , Dobson Benjamin , Ng Liet Hing Cedric , Cooper Michelle , Lu Cu Tai , Nolan Gregory , Von Papen Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. It is more common in patients over 50 years, with previous evidence showing patients under 50 years account for only 9% of CRC. However, recent Australian and International studies have shown an increase in CRC incidence in patients under 50 years of age. The main aim of this study was to analyse the incidence of CRC in patients under 50 and to determine if screening would be beneficial in this population.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on all patients under 50 years of age who underwent a colonoscopy, performed by a colorectal surgeon, at the Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service between January 2013 and December 2017.ResultsA total of 557 patients were included in the study; 120 (21.5%) colonoscopies had a significant finding (CRC or adenoma with malignant potential). 1.9% of patients were diagnosed with CRC, all were symptomatic at time of diagnosis, the majority were stage 3 or 4.ConclusionA total of 1.9% of patients under 50 who underwent colonoscopy were diagnosed with CRC, whilst 21.5% of patients had significant findings. These rates are greater than previously quoted figures and data for patients under 50, and provides evidence to support lowering of the CRC faecal occult blood testing screening age.
Impact of adjacent land use on the ecological condition of riparian habitats: The relation between condition and vegetation properties
Authors: Zermeño‐Hernández Isela , Benítez‐Malvido Julieta , Suazo‐Ortuño Ireri , Méndez‐Toribio Moisés 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuestionsThe ecological condition of riparian habitats has been negatively altered by human activities and land‐use changes. The aims of this study were to evaluate: (a) how adjacent land use affects the ecological condition of riparian habitats; and (b) whether the ecological condition relates to riparian vegetation properties (i.e., structure, diversity, and species composition).LocationWatershed of the Duero River, in the state of Michoacán, Mexico.MethodsSampling sites were established along the Duero River riverbank by considering three different land uses (i.e., native forest, agriculture, and urban). At each site, we assessed the ecological condition of riparian habitats with a riparian condition index (RCI) composed of six subindices, with 17 indicators. Using a survey of woody plants (DBH ≥ 2.5 cm) in 12 different 0.1‐ha sites, we assessed vegetation properties.ResultsAccording to the RCI, 76% of the studied riparian habitats had a very poor ecological condition, and only one site scored an excellent condition. The values of all subindices as well as the RCI were significantly greater in the forest than in the agricultural or urban land uses. The significant relationships between the RCI and its components (subindices) with vegetation properties were all positive and explained between 22% and 73% of the variation in structural and diversity attributes, and between 48% and 66% in floristic composition.ConclusionsThis study shows how human land‐use activities affect the ecological condition of riparian habitats and hence riparian forests. Overall, the RCI had a high predictive power for the vegetation properties of riparian forests. This information is critical for programs involved in the management, conservation, and ecological restoration of riparian habitats. Low‐cost and time‐efficient indices, such as the RCI, facilitate ecological condition assessments of riparian habitats not only by scientists but also by previously trained land managers and the general public.
Allogeneic cord blood transfusions prevent fetal haemoglobin depletion in preterm neonates. Results of the CB‐TrIP study
Authors: Teofili Luciana , Papacci Patrizia , Orlando Nicoletta , Bianchi Maria , Molisso Anna , Purcaro Velia , Valentini Caterina Giovanna , Giannantonio Carmen , Serrao Francesca , Chiusolo Patrizia , Nicolotti Nicola , Pellegrino Claudio , Carducci Brigida , Vento Giovanni , De Stefano Valerio 
Published: June 2020

SummaryRepeated red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in preterm neonates are associated with poor outcome and increased risk for prematurity‐associated diseases. RBC transfusions cause the progressive replacement of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) by adult haemoglobin (HbA). We monitored HbF levels in 25 preterm neonates until 36 weeks of post‐menstrual age (PMA); patients received RBC units from allogeneic cord blood (cord‐RBCs) or from adult donors (adult‐RBCs), depending on whether cord‐RBCs were available. Primary outcome was HbF level at PMA of 32 weeks. Twenty‐three neonates survived until this age: 14 received no transfusions, two only cord‐RBCs, three only adult‐RBCs and four both RBC types. HbF levels in neonates transfused with cord‐RBCs were significantly higher than in neonates receiving adult‐RBCs (P < 0·0001) or both RBC types (P < 0·0001). Superimposable results were obtained at PMA of 36 weeks. Every adult‐RBCs transfusion increased the risk for an HbF in the lowest quartile by about 10‐fold, whereas this effect was not evident if combined adult‐ and cord‐RBCs were evaluated. Overall, these data show that transfusing cord‐RBCs can limit the HbF depletion caused by conventional RBC transfusions. Transfusing cord blood warrants investigation in randomised trials as a strategy to mitigate the severity of retinopathy of prematurity (NCT03764813).
A review of the critics of invasion biology
Authors: Cassini Marcelo H. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTHerein, I review existing criticisms of the field of invasion biology. Firstly, I identifiy problems of conceptual weaknesses, including disagreements regarding: (i) definitions of invasive, impact, and pristine conditions, and (ii) ecological assumptions such as species equilibrium, niche saturation, and climax communities. Secondly, I discuss methodological problems include the misuse of correlations, biases in impact reviews and risk assessment, and difficulties in predicting the effects of species introductions or eradications. Finally, I analyse the social conflict regarding invasive species management and differences in moral and philosophical foundations. I discuss the recent emergence of alternatives to traditional invasion biology approaches, including the concept of novel ecosystems, conciliation biology, and compassionate conservation. Understanding different value systems will be the first step to reconciling the different perspectives related to this controversial topic.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridinecarboxamides as potent anti‐tuberculosis agents
Authors: Onajole Oluseye K. , Lun Shichun , Yun Young Ju , Langue Damkam Y. , Jaskula‐Dybka Michelle , Flores Adrian , Frazier Eriel , Scurry Ashle C. , Zavala Ambernice , Arreola Karen R. , Pierzchalski Bryce , Ayitou A. Jean‐Luc , Bishai William R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease that has been plaguing the human race for centuries. The emergence of multidrug‐resistant strains of TB has been detrimental to the fight against tuberculosis with very few safe therapeutic options available. As part of an ongoing effort to identify potent anti‐tuberculosis agents, we synthesized and screened a series of novel imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridinecarboxamide derivatives for their anti‐tuberculosis properties. These compounds were designed based on reported anti‐tuberculosis properties of the indolecarboxamides (I2Cs) and imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridinecarboxamides (IPAs). In this series, we identified compounds 15 and 16 with excellent anti‐TB activity against H37Rv strain of tuberculosis (MIC = 0.10–0.19 μM); these compounds were further screened against selected clinical isolates of Mtb. Compounds 15 and 16 showed excellent activities against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and extensively drug‐resistant (XDR) strains of TB (MIC range: 0.05–1.5 μM) with excellent selectivity indices. In addition, preliminary ADME studies on compound 16 showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties.
Tabanidae insect (horsefly and deerfly) allergy in humans: A review of the literature
Authors: Whyte Andrew F. , Popescu Florin‐Dan , Carlson John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAllergy to insects of the family Tabanidae (order Diptera), commonly called horseflies or deerflies, is anecdotally common, although the published literature is limited to case reports and small case series. This review summarizes the available literature, in which there is enormous variability in clinical detail, identification of species or even genus, and means and thoroughness of assessment of sensitization. The clinical utility of in vivo and in vitro assays remains unclear. Investigation and management of patients reporting anaphylaxis to suspected bites must therefore be pragmatic, by considering other insects (eg Hymenoptera), provision of a written action plan and self‐injectable adrenaline if appropriate, and advice on avoidance.
Global status of knowledge for prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries among school teachers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Goel Shubhi , Rahul Morankar , Mathur Vijay P. , Ritwik Priyanshi , Haldar Partha , Priya Harsh , Pandey Ravindra M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground/aimThe majority of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in childhood and adolescence occur in schools. Since school teachers are often the first responders, their knowledge about the emergency management of TDI needs to be adequate. The aim of this systematic review was to assess and analyse the global status of this knowledge as reported in previous studies and to provide recommendations for future research.MethodsThe protocol was designed as per PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. A broad‐based search using text‐words and MeSH terms was performed in established databases as per a predefined strategy. Cohort‐studies, cross‐sectional, case‐control studies and randomized/non‐randomized trials without any distinction of language and year of publication were included while those without details of sampling strategy, validity and reliability were excluded. Data extraction was performed, risk of bias assessment was done by the Joanna‐Briggs‐Institute's critical appraisal checklist and meta‐analysis was performed for four question stems using a random effects model.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were included for qualitative analysis. Most of the studies had been conducted in Asia from 2009 to 2019. Ten studies used case‐based questionnaires, mostly adapted from previous studies. Moderate to high risk of bias was observed in 14 studies. Less than 50% of teachers had witnessed a TDI in 8 studies and >75% desired to know more about TDI management in most studies. Less than 50% of teachers in 5 out of 6 studies knew about immediate replantation of avulsed permanent teeth, <25% knew about storage of an avulsed tooth in 16 studies and <50% knew about cleaning of a dirty avulsed tooth in 8 studies. Meta‐analysis revealed I2values of >95% with 17% of teachers having previous dental‐trauma first‐aid training and 38% knowing about replantation within 30 minutes.ConclusionThe awareness level in several areas of the world is unknown. Studies lacked well‐designed questionnaires and teachers exhibited low self‐belief and knowledge level in the majority of studies.
The role of herbivory in the macroevolution of vertebrate hormone dynamics
Authors: Edwards Phoebe D. , Sookhan Nicholas , Boonstra Rudy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVertebrates have high species‐level variation in circulating hormone concentrations, and the functional significance of this variation is largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that interspecific differences in hormone concentrations are partially driven by plant consumption, based on the prediction that herbivores should have higher basal hormone levels to ‘outcompete’ plant endocrine disruptors. We compared levels of glucocorticoids (GCs), the hormones with the most available data, across 166 species. Using phylogenetically informed comparisons, we found that herbivores had higher GC levels than carnivores. Furthermore, we found that the previously described negative relationship between GC levels and body mass only held in herbivores, not carnivores, and that the effect of diet was greatest at extreme body sizes. These findings demonstrate the far‐reaching effects of diet on animal physiology, and provide evidence that herbivory influences circulating hormone concentrations. We urge future direct testing of the relationship between phytochemical load and GC levels.
Which seizure elements do patients memorize? A comparison of history and seizure documentation
Authors: Mielke Helena , Meissner Sonja , Wagner Kathrin , Joos Andreas , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivePeople with epilepsy (PWE) are frequently unable to recall the core manifestation of their disease, epileptic seizures. This means that seizure frequency is often underestimated by practitioners and that seizure classification based on reports of patients or their relatives is difficult because seizure semiology remains unclear. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to prospectively explore patients’ memory regarding seizure elements and to assess the role of seizure types.MethodNinety patients diagnosed with focal epilepsy undergoing diagnostic electroencephalography (EEG)–video monitoring were included. The ability to memorize individual seizure elements was assessed using a questionnaire. Patient knowledge was then compared to the findings of subsequent seizure documentation during EEG‐video monitoring. Seizure elements were categorized in four groups: subjective, motor, autonomic, and postictal elements.ResultsIn all categories, the number of documented seizure elements during monitoring strongly exceeded the number of elements that were recalled. Only 45.6% of subjective elements, 5.4% of motor phenomena, 11.9% of autonomic findings, and 2.1% of postictal impairments were recalled. The ability to recall seizure elements varied significantly depending on seizure types (secondarily generalized tonic‐clonic seizures [SGTCS] < complex partial seizures [CPS] < simple partial seizures [SPS]), but not on the relative timing of the element during the seizure.SignificancePatients’ memory of seizure semiology is almost always fragmentary. Although the rate of correctly remembered seizure elements depends on the seizure type, complete recall of a seizure is almost never obtained. Consequently, 89 of 90 patients in this cohort would only have had seizures classified as a seizure with “impaired awareness“ according to the new International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) seizure classification. The involvement of brain areas involved in memory encoding and consolidation and in the context of seizure classification schemes.
Planned online language education versus crisis‐prompted online language teaching: Lessons for the future
Authors: Gacs Adam , Goertler Senta , Spasova Shannon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOnline (language) teaching has been found to be as effective as face‐to‐face (F2F) learning (Moneypenny & Aldrich 2016, J. Educators Online, 13, 105–174; Goertler & Gacs, 2018, Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German, 51, 156–174). Online language teaching has different affordances and challenges than F2F teaching, which can be taken into consideration when online language education is carefully planned using a backwards design iterative process (e.g., Meskill & Anthony, 2015, Teaching language online). In early 2020, many institutions rapidly transitioned away from F2F instruction due to the global pandemic. While this was at times referred to as online teaching, it in fact is not planned online teaching but rather crisis‐prompted remote teaching (Hodges, Moore, Lockee, Trust, & Bond, 2020, Educause Review, 27 March). Given the circumstances and the timeframes for crisis online teaching, quality expectations must be lowered especially in regards to testing security, technological sophistication, accessibility, copyright, and learning outcomes. This article presents a roadmap for planning, implementing, and evaluating online education in ideal and in crisis contexts.
Intrinsic motivators of collaborative consumption: A study of accommodation rental services
Authors: Tunçel Niray , Özkan Tektaş Öznur 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper examines the mediation effects of perceived risk and cosmopolitanism on the link between openness to experience and intention to participate in the peer‐based collaborative consumption (CC) platform using Construal Level Theory. The study presents empirical research based on a data set collected from 390 consumers and uses the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling method to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrate the mediation effect of cosmopolitanism and perceived risk on the link between openness to experience and intention to participate in CC. This study contributes to the consumer behaviour literature by providing a more comprehensive approach to CC participation focusing on direct and mediating effects of intrinsic motivators of consumers in emerging markets, which has been overlooked in previous research.
Heat transfer control by dispersed metallic particles in glassy mold flux film for continuous steel casting
Authors: Hyun Sung‐Hee , Cho Jung‐Wook 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo assess the effect of metallic particles (MPs) on heat transfer in glassy mold flux, a structurally stable glassy mold flux system composed of CaO–Al2O3–CaF2 was examined with 0, 2, or 5 wt% of FeO or Fe MPs. The change of extinction coefficient by Mie Scattering of the Fe particles and absorption by FeO was quantified using Fourier transformation infrared ray spectroscopy and an Ultraviolet/Visible spectrometry. Thermal conductivity of mold flux film with dispersed MPs was quantified using laser flash technique. One‐dimensional Debye temperature was calculated, and particle morphology and size distribution were observed using image analysis to explain variations in thermal conductivity among the glass samples. Finally, to simulate the heat transfer ratio by both the conduction and radiation, the actual heat flux through mold flux film was measured using an Infrared Emitter Technique. The overall heat transfer rate across liquid flux film could be reduced significantly by a dispersion of MPs.
Becoming Europe's Parliament: Europeanization through MEPs' Supranational Activism, 1952–79
Authors: Roos Mechthild 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe European Parliament (EP) – today one of the most powerful actors at EU level – was intended to be a mere consultative assembly at the founding of the European Communities. This article studies the beginnings of the EP's parliamentarization, from its establishment in 1952 to its first direct elections in 1979. The article uses the concept of Europeanization to analyse what ideational, normative and rationalist factors induced MEPs – delegates from the member states' national parliaments at the time – to invest considerable time and effort into an institution that promised no significant political impact, career improvement, or acknowledgement by voters. In so doing, the article demonstrates that despite the fact that careers were made at the national level, MEPs swiftly began to behave as Euro‐parliamentarians rather than national delegates. Inside the EP, MEPs were therefore both themselves Europeanized and pushed for the Europeanization of the EP more generally.
Broodstock development and captive maturation of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in a brackishwater pond‐based system
Authors: De Debasis , Shyne Anand Panantharayil S. , Mukherjee Suchita , Kumar Prem , Dayal Jagabathula Syama , Raja Ramalingam Ananda , Bera Aritra , Suresh Vettath Raghavan , Vijayan Koyadan Kizhakedath 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuccessful captive broodstock development of clupeid fish, hilsa, is one of the major challenges for the artificial propagation of this economically valued fish. The present study provides novel insights into the pond‐reared captive broodstock development of hilsa using artificial feed. In the present study, wild collected hilsa fry (weight 1.35 ± 0.13 g, length 53.84 ± 0.95 mm) were reared in grow‐out ponds for 6 months followed by maintaining them as broodstock in other ponds using formulated feed in both cases. After 6 months of pond rearing, the average body weight and length of fish were 66.76 ± 4.53 g and 184.75 ± 3.65 mm, respectively. In broodstock ponds, hilsa subadults fed with formulated feed (crude protein 41.06%) ensured significant advancement in ovarian maturity with gonado somatic index of 9.09%, enhanced secondary yolk stage oocytes of 91.66% and enlargement of oocyte diameters up to 570 μm. The broodstock reached somatic growth such as average body weight and average body length of 383.80 ± 27.38 g and 339.33 ± 9.68 mm, respectively, with a condition factor of 1.06 ± 0.15. Gut content analysis revealed the better acceptability of the artificial feed. Lipid profiling of muscle and ovary during gonadal maturation revealed mobilization of fat from muscle to ovary and selective retention of some fatty acids (i.e., C14:0, C18:0, C20:5, C22:6 and C20:4) in the ovary, which might help in gonadal maturation.Statement of Significance
Successful rearing of wild‐caught hilsa juvenile in captive condition using formulated feed showed its potential as aquaculture species in low saline conditions.
Advance stage of maturation in low saline captive conditions showed the possibility for induced breeding of hilsa, a high priced anadromous fish.
Mobilization of fat from muscle to ovary and selective retention of some fatty acids in the ovary showed the scope of dietary manipulation for broodstock development of hilsa.