bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reshaping Crossroads Into a Design Square
Authors: Sun Huatong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The concluding chapter summarizes the culturally localized user engagement and empowerment (CLUE2) approach and calls for reshaping the crossroads of global social media design into a design square where a spectrum of thoughts, design traditions, discursive conventions, and epistemological orders converge and interact to spark new ideas. This chapter consists of two parts. The first part reviews the three keywords of the CLUE2 approach—discursive affordances, technological genres, and local uptakes—and discusses how they serve as an agent for change and transformation in routinized everyday practices on a global cultural circuit. The second part highlights three design and research heuristics for this critical, global approach: articulating practice-based human–technology relations, piecing together fragmented experiences into global processes, and enabling and engaging cultural differences out of positionality and reflexivity. This critical social practice view of the CLUE2 approach links design and innovation on the global cultural circuit and promotes a relational view of design, contributing to an uprising school for a relational approach of design that comes from multiple disciplines.
Consequences for Philosophy of Perception
Authors: Tumulty Maura 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
If experiences are alienable, it is impossible for philosophers of perception to embrace a particular form of naïve realism. Naïve realism is the appealing view that in perception we are perceptually related to objects and properties in the world. But anyone acknowledging alien experiences of the bias-driven kind will find a full embrace of naïve realism challenging. The strongest form of naïve realism, austere relationalism, rejects any explanatory role for representations. But with respect to the kinds of experiences from which we might most often feel alienation, austere relationalists are forced into an untenable position. In order to account for ways racist and sexist bias could affect perception, we should therefore adopt a hybrid of naïve realism and representationalism.
Introduction
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter first offers narratives introducing actors in the book’s major case studies. In India, these include members of the National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights, which has sought to enlist global allies to press the Indian government for stronger action against caste discrimination, and its critics in the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. The right-wing populist UK Independence Party’s aims for British secession from the European Union are highlighted, as are its claims that the prospect of European Union accession for predominantly Muslim Turkey is a chief reason why Britain should leave. The Turkish case is introduced via street scenes of activists confronting police amid the country’s rising authoritarianism. Then the chapter outlines the book’s major claims for how a robust institutional cosmopolitanism can be shown to orient to political humility rather than arrogance. Variants of cosmopolitanism are discussed, and the book’s argument is previewed by chapter.
The “Soul of Democracy”
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers how political humility can or should be promoted, through the adoption of a primarily instrumental approach to democracy informed by Ambedkar’s own instrumentalism and his one person, one value vision of the “soul of democracy.” The approach is primarily rather than wholly instrumental, because it can accommodate some limited claims of intrinsic value for equal democratic citizenship as a public affirmation of equal status for individuals. It does not, however, presume that democratic participation necessarily enables autonomy or embodies equality. Both can be frustrated for persistent electoral minorities. A primarily instrumental approach is shown to orient more clearly to political humility, in part by emphasizing mechanisms of challenge before an impartial arbiter in legal and ombuds systems. Such an approach cannot guarantee that political humility will prevail. It does, however, provide individuals with important resources for challenging forms of political arrogance, while also promoting a systemic orientation to political humility.
The Global Challenge of the National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter highlights the importance of enabling individuals to give input and lodge challenges beyond the state through detailing the actions and views of those in the National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights (NCDHR). It first gives details on the grounded normative theory approach adopted in the book, involving the direct conduct and incorporation of empirical research in the development of normative claims. Then NCDHR’s formation and primary efforts are discussed, including its member organizations’ documentation of caste-related discrimination and violence, oversight of government agents, and contributions to Dalit social and economic development. The campaign’s global outreach is detailed, with emphasis on engagement with United Nations human rights bodies. Throughout, activists’ own views are presented on the importance of their globally oriented challenges, and on the justifiability of airing their country’s “dirty linen,” against claims by their critics that they are disloyal and engaged in a neo-imperial conspiracy against India.
The Arrogance of States
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that the current global system is structurally oriented to political arrogance. It inappropriately permits states to summarily reject the standing of actors such as the National Campaign on Dalit Human rights to file any actionable rights-based challenges vertically, to global bodies, and the standing of individual “outsiders” or other states to file horizontal challenges. Such rejections are inappropriate because the claims being dismissed are typically based in the very rights that ground states’ sovereign prerogatives to dismiss them. The current system is also shown to be strongly conducive to political vices of apathy and selfishness. The identification of each political vice, it is argued, highlights reasons to support an institutional global citizenship approach, alongside collective-action problems and other reasons offered by institutional cosmopolitan theorists. Some possible individual duties of global citizenship to support global institutional development are then discussed, and some stringent recent objections to such duties are engaged.
The Soul of Global Democracy
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers some objections lodged by universalist moral theorists. First it addresses Martha Nussbaum’s rejection of robust cosmopolitan institutions on grounds that they would not respect collective domestic choices. Such a stance is shown to give too little attention to domestic repression. Simon Caney’s partly instrumental model of cosmopolitan democracy is shown to provide important insights. It places such strong emphasis on respecting “reasonable disagreement” among persons, however, that it could affirm democratic outcomes deeply skewed in favor of the global majority. An alternative is outlined, informed by Ambedkar’s “soul of democracy” vision of social democracy. It would work to constitutionalize some global economic aim rights, including freer movement of persons, and support the development of related challenge mechanisms. Some practical insights to inform the development of such a framework, and rights specifications processes within it, are taken from the case of the National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights, and from the European and other regional governance contexts.
Political Arrogance and National Belonging
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers arrogance claims lodged by members of the UK Independence Party, against the backdrop of Britain’s “Brexit” referendum to leave the European Union (EU). Many UKIP respondents see EU institutions as inappropriately treating national communities as not authorized to set policy in line with their own distinctive national priorities. And, they argue that EU free movement rules inappropriately impose a more cosmopolitan vision of membership on national communities—especially when prospective members such as Turkey are a “poor fit” with the British nation. Some Turkish respondents challenge such poor fit claims. Further challenges are raised to democratic theory arguments that give strong emphasis to national belonging. Overall, it is shown, claims for the moral and empirical distinctiveness of nations are difficult to sustain, and thus so are nationalist objections to democracy beyond the nation-state.
Conclusion
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book by examining how Ambedkar’s own thought on democracy and individual rights within the deeply diverse Indian context could inform efforts to develop a framework of more cosmopolitan, more democratically accountable political institutional at the regional and ultimately global levels. It reviews the argument of the book by chapter, then explores a possible “Ambedkarian” model for advancing the development of democratic institutions and forms of political humility beyond the state. Such a model would focus on softening barriers and promoting interaction between national communities, while promoting some types of broader identification as a means of advancing rights protections. The chapter closes with discussion of a future project on feasibility issues related to the development of such a framework.
Introduction
Authors: Friedman Jeffrey 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As technocracy has spread, critical analysis of it has stagnated. In part, this is because the critics take an external perspective on technocracy, condemning it for being anti-democratic. This perspective discourages critical theorizing about whether technocrats possess the knowledge that, from an internal perspective, qualifies them to rule: knowledge of the costs and benefits of public policies designed to address people’s social and economic problems. However, once we thus recognize technocracy as an inherently epistemic enterprise, we discover that there is a democratic version of technocracy: ordinary citizens often assume that they, too, know the costs and benefits of policies aimed at solving social and economic problems. Indeed, we discover that much of modern mass politics revolves around competing claims about these costs and benefits. An internal critique of technocracy, then, will have to challenge the knowledge claims of both “technocrats” in the ordinary usage—epistocrats—and those of members of the mass public, or “citizen-technocrats.”
Afterword
Authors: Friedman Jeffrey 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The socialist element in exitocracy suggests that the left should endorse it in preference to technocracy. For technocracy blocks people’s use of the exit mechanism to solve social problems individually, and we now have reason to think that this is likely to reduce human well-being, at least until the advent of an intellectual revolution that enables a judicious technocracy to arise. But the grip of technocracy on the left is ideationally determined and is, therefore, unlikely to change—unless the left itself experiences a cultural revolution.
The Mycenaean Cemetery of Deiras, Argos, in a Local and Regional Context
Authors: Papadimitriou Nikolas , Philippa-Touchais Anna , Touchais Gilles 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Mycenaean cemetery of Deiras has enjoyed relatively little attention by Aegean scholars. This is mainly due to the rather modest character of its contents, which does not favor quantitative analysis of “wealth” and “status” differences among individuals. Based on the assumption that mortuary patterns “mirror” social structure, such approaches have been extensively used to analyze social complexity and “explain” state-formation processes in Mycenaean Greece. Recent theoretical discussions, however, have demonstrated the limitations of such reflexive approaches. Funerals are now seen as dynamic fields of social performance and negotiation, which may skew rather than “reveal” intergroup relations. To understand their importance, one needs to examine them within their specific context, i.e., in dialogue with what preexisted, not what followed. In this chapter, we apply such an approach on the Mycenaean cemetery of Deiras. First we examine the gradual development of the cemetery in the context of Argos and how it related to other burial grounds and the settlement of the site. Then we attempt a comparative examination with other Mycenaean cemeteries of the Argolid. It is suggested that LH IIB/IIIA1 was the period of most intense deposition of valuables in Argolic graves, and the stage during which a number of typically “Mycenaean” practices and symbolisms were standardized. This raises the question whether one should look at this period, rather than the much more diverse LH I–IIA, for the rise of a common code of funerary behavior, which used exclusive ritual performances in the entrances of the tombs and the disposal of material acquisitions as basic indices of social identity. This may have had wider repercussions: the distribution of valuables in LH IIB/IIIA1 suggests that it was during this period when Mycenae acquired a special role as a major re-distributive centre in the Argolid.
The Mycenaean Cemetery at Ayia Sotira, Nemea
Authors: Smith R. Angus K. , Dabney Mary K. , Wright James C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
From 2006 to 2008 The Canadian Institute in Greece sponsored the excavation of a Mycenaean chamber tomb cemetery at Ayia Sotira near Koutsomodi in the Nemea Valley. The five modest tombs excavated by the project were undoubtedly associated with the nearby settlement of Tsoungiza, and offer a picture of the mortuary practices associated with this settlement. The practices at Ayia Sotira describe both local funerary customs and more generally “Mycenaean” ones observable throughout Mainland Greece and the Aegean. Explanations for the local character are found in the economic conditions of the nearby settlement, in the local geology, and presumably local customs. These were documented through careful recovery of the stratigraphy and contents of the tombs, including paleobotanical, phytolith, organic residue, and micromorphological analysis. The remarkable similarity of these tombs and their contents to those excavated at neighboring Zygouries confirm the local character of chamber tomb inhumation. Yet comparison with other chamber tomb cemeteries, notably nearby Aidonia, but also with examples in the Corinthia, Argolid, and elsewhere, demonstrate the general features of a common “Mycenaean” practice. Overall, burial practices in the chamber tombs at Ayia Sotira fits our reconstruction of the inhabitants of Tsoungiza being incorporated into a social and political system dominated by the inhabitants of Mycenae during the LH IIIA2–B periods.
Diversity in Life and Death in Early Mycenaean Achaea
Authors: Papazoglou-Manioudaki Lena 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Achaea, in the Northwest Peloponnese, is an integral part of the Mycenaean world and in the early Mycenaean period went through the same evolutionary processes as the rest of the Myceneaen world. We witness settlement growth and the rise of local elites who manifest their status in stone built and richly furnished tombs, particularly in Western Achaea. In LH IIB the building of tholos tombs reveals the existence of local principalities in Western Achaea, while a hoard of metal vases and weapons permits us to speak of a high status warrior’s burial. This early floruit comes to an end at the beginning of the Palatial period, as the destruction levels in settlements and the plundering of tholos tombs testify. Chamber tomb cemeteries are introduced in LH IIB, starting in Eastern Achaea and prevail all over Achaea in the palatial and postpalatial era.
Langada Revisited
Authors: McNamee Calla , Vitale Salvatore 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates burial practices and cultural identity at the cemetery of Langada on Kos and discusses the evidence for diachronic changes in the context of Koan Late Bronze Age society. More specifically, through an in-depth study of excavation data, this contribution reconsiders three significant aspects of the Langada burial arena. The first one concerns tomb type, size, shape, and spatial distribution. The second and the third aspects concern, respectively, evidence for tomb reuse and mortuary treatments. The analysis of these features is used to compare burial practices, characterize societal structure, and better understand cultural developments. The results of this research imply that the gradual formation of a Mycenaean identity on Kos was the outcome of a long-term process of integration between Greek mainland and local funerary traditions, which came to fruition during Late Helladic IIIA2 and Late Helladic IIIB. During these phases, Mycenaean identity functioned to bind a well-organized Koan society. In the successive Late Helladic IIIC period, on the other hand, the identification of greater variability in material evidence and burial practices suggests that, while Mycenaean culture remained important, Koan society had a more fluid character and a looser structure.
The Power of the Dead
Authors: Smith R. Angus K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the tombs of the Late Minoan III cemeteries at Mochlos and Myrsini Aspropilia over the periods spanning the LM IIIA to LM IIIC. At Mochlos, recent excavations by J. Soles and C. Davaras revealed two separate burial areas including a cemetery of 31 chamber tombs and pit graves and a smaller burial area of seven pit graves. At nearby Myrsini, excavations by N. Platon in the late 1950s revealed a cemetery of 12 chamber tombs and pit graves. The chronology of the Mochlos tombs places them in the LM IIIA and B periods, while the Myrsini tombs span the LM IIIA to C periods. The chapter takes a comparative approach and explores the Mochlos and Myrsini cemeteries in relation to each other, to contemporary tombs on Crete, and to wider mortuary trends during the period. In particular, it focuses on mortuary contexts as a locus of ritual power and examines how they are able to inform us about shifting patterns in the economy and group identity of a regional community.
Funerary Practices, Female Identities, and the Clay Pyxis in Late Minoan III Crete
Authors: D’Agata Anna Lucia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the funerary archaeology of LM III Crete, studies aimed at highlighting the specific links existing between gender, age, social status, and material culture are almost nonexistent. On the other hand, the analysis of the funerary system within the framework of the Mycenaean states confirms that different treatments were reserved for males, females, and children. On the basis of those instances for which osteological analyses are available, the funerary evidence of LM III Crete allows us to identify objects that present recurring and significant associations in terms of representation of gender. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the role played by the clay pyxis in relation to female identity. Its adoption on Crete in funerary contexts is an entirely new phenomenon that, starting from the LM IIIA2, documents the use of this vessel as a marker of a specifically female identity.
Musical Propaganda in the Era of the Constitution
Authors: Lohman Laura 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Focusing on the period 1783–1792, this chapter examines how music was used as a tool of propaganda in the early American republic. Americans used music to craft a central myth of the nation, the drafting and ratification of the Constitution. Music was an important tool of propaganda as debates over how to address crucial financial problems impacting individuals, the states, and the federal government culminated in efforts to restructure the government through the Constitution. As advocates of a more powerful federal government repeatedly turned to musical propaganda, songwriters wrote music to contain popular protest, urge ratification, define the relationship between the people and the new federal government, and promote allegiance to the newly structured government during Washington’s first term as president.
Debating the Embargo in Song
Authors: Lohman Laura 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Focusing on the period 1806–1811, this chapter examines how Americans used music to address critical political questions prompted by the Napoleonic Wars. The nation faced naval depredations, failed diplomacy, and economic devastation spurred by a broad embargo. As Americans struggled under severe trade restrictions, songwriters used music to address questions about the makeup and purpose of the navy, the prospect of alliance with a European power, and the possibility of avoiding embroilment in a major European war. Music provided an engaging medium not only to address these questions within the first party system but also to prioritize the nation’s goals, including peace, prosperity, and isolationism.
Extending Acts of Motherhood
Authors: Hagen Jamie J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter highlights the different ways mothers engage in storytelling to resist stigma, while also rejecting the idea that they are “bad” mothers. The prevailing story told about what makes a “good” mother relies on the construction of an ideal mother parenting within a specific vision of the nuclear family. Mothers who do not live up to this ideal construction of motherhood are punished through various forms of stigma such as sexual stigma and abortion stigma. This chapter considers the impact of stigma on two groups of women: lesbian mothers and mothers who have had abortions. Mothers from both communities who have faced stigma are finding ways to rewrite the script about how to mother without shame. Some of the forms of resistance these mothers have engaged in include abortion speak-outs, online storytelling through blogs and videos, and storytelling through art. The chapter also explores how community-based initiatives informed by the principles of reproductive justice make possible new narratives of maternity and as well as visions for a future for mothering without stigma.
Queering Reproductive Aid
Authors: Mason Corinne L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In 2017, Global Affairs Canada (GAC) released the Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP), the first policy in Canada to include sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) as key concerns. Shortly thereafter, GAC publicized a $650 million commitment to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). However, attention to diversity of women and girls’ sexual orientations and gender identities was absent from GAC’s 2017 SRHR commitments. In this chapter, the author investigates the impact of inclusion rhetoric in FIAP using a mixed method: discursive analysis of FIAP and interviews with GAC and civil society. The author argues that the term “inclusive” appears in FIAP without fixed meaning and is not harnessed to particular aid commitments. Thus, despite a discursive leap toward inclusion of LGBTIQ issues, FIAP continues to operate in a heteronormative and cisnormative frame, which is an epidemic in development policy and programming and has immense impact on LGBTIQ individuals’ access to reproductive care.