bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of a charged particle levitated nano-oscillator
Authors: Bullier N P , Pontin A , Barker P F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We describe the construction and characterisation of a nano-oscillator formed by a Paul trap. The frequency and temperature stability of the nano-oscillator was measured over several days allowing us to identify the major sources of trap and environmental fluctuations. We measure an overall frequency stability of 2 ppm h−1 and a temperature stability of more than 5 h via the Allan deviation. Importantly, we find that the charge on the nanoscillator is stable over a timescale of at least two weeks and that the mass of the oscillator, can be measured with a 3% uncertainty. This allows us to distinguish between the trapping of a single nanosphere and a nano-dumbbell formed by a cluster of two nanospheres.
Origin of magnetoresistance across the martensitic transformation: formation of phase fraction
Authors: Modak M , Ray Mayukh K , Mondal S , Maji B , Bagani K , Bhattacharyya A , Banerjee S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The influence of martensite and austenite phase volume fractions on the magnetoresistance have been studied across the first order martensite transformation of the Ni44Cu2Mn43In11 compound. The different phase volume fractions are calculated by measuring the resistivity as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Our experiment reveals that the field-induced austenite phase fraction (
f

IA

) at any temperature depends on the availability and instability of the martensite phase fraction (
f

M

) at that temperature. This
f

IA

is found to contribute most significantly to the observed large magnetoresistance (MR), while the contributions from parent martensite and austenite phase fractions are negligible. It has been found that the MR does not depend linearly on the
f

IA

. On application of a magnetic field, the ascending and descending branch of the
f

IA

follows a different power law, giving rise to hysteresis in the MR.
Revisiting the quantum field theory of neutrino oscillations in vacuum
Authors: Grimus W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We consider neutrino oscillations in vacuum in the framework of quantum field theory in which neutrino production and detection processes are part of a single Feynman diagram and the corresponding cross section is computed in the standard way, i.e. with final states represented by plane waves. We use assumptions which are realized in actual experiments and concentrate on the detection process. Moreover, we also allow for a finite time interval of length τ during which the detector records neutrino events. In this context we are motivated by accelerator-neutrino oscillation experiments where data taking is synchronized in time with the proton spill time of the accelerator. Given the final momenta and the direction of neutrino propagation, we find that in the oscillation amplitude—for all practical purposes—the neutrino energy Q is fixed, apart from an interval of order 2πℏ/τ around a mean energy

Q

¯

;

this is an expression of energy non-conservation or the time-energy uncertainty relation in the detection process due to

τ
<
∞

. We derive in excellent approximation that in the amplitude the oscillation effect originates from massive neutrinos with the same energy

Q

¯

, i.e. oscillations take place in space without any decoherece effect, while the remaining integration over Q in the interval of order 2πℏ/τ around

Q

¯

results in a time-correlation function expressing the time delay between neutrino production and detection.
Far-field sectioning for the retrieval of subwavelength grating parameters using coherent Fourier scatterometry
Authors: Siaudinyte Lauryna , Pereira Silvania F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Optical inspection of periodic nanostructures is a major challenge in the semiconductor industry due to constantly decreasing critical dimensions. In this paper we combine coherent Fourier scatterometry (CFS) with a sectioning mask for subwavelength grating parameter determination. By selecting only the most sensitive regions of the scattered light in the Fourier plane, one can retrieve grating parameters faster and with higher sensitivity than previous approaches. Moreover, the full process of CFS using focused light is explained and implemented in a subwavelength grating regime. The results of using transverse magnetic polarized input fields together with the proposed sectioning mask are presented and compared to the non-mask case.
Thermal expansion and compressibility of single-crystal silicon between 285 K and 320 K
Authors: Bartl Guido , Elster Clemens , Martin Jörg , Schödel René , Voigt Michael , Walkov Alexander 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The absolute length of a single-crystal silicon gauge block was measured by interferometry in the temperature range between 285 K and 320 K and at different air pressures from atmospheric conditions down to 10−5 hPa. From the obtained dataset, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was determined as well as the compressibility—or the bulk modulus—of single-crystal silicon in consideration of a systematic correction of the refractometer used. As the choice of the underlying model for the evaluation is not unambiguous, a Bayesian model averaging approach was applied to take into account possible model errors in the uncertainty evaluation. The result of the CTE is not only in agreement with the recommended reference data of CODATA, but provides a standard uncertainty of less than 1 × 10−9 K−1, which is less than half the uncertainty stated so far in the relevant temperature range.
Microchemistry-dependent simulation of yield stress and flow stress in non-heat treatable Al sheet alloys
Authors: Wong Su Leen , Laptyeva Galyna , Brüggemann Thiemo , Engler Olaf , Roters Franz , Raabe Dierk , Karhausen Kai-Friedrich 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A flow stress model which considers the processing conditions for a given alloy composition as well as the microchemistry of the alloy allows for integrated optimization of alloy composition, thermal treatments and forming operations to achieve the desired properties in the most efficient processing route. In the past, a statistical flow stress model for cell forming metals, 3IVM+ (3 Internal Variable Model), has been used for through process modeling of sheet production. However, this model was restricted to a given alloy in the state in which it was calibrated. In this work, the existing 3IVM+ model is augmented with an analytical solute strengthening model which uses input from ab initio simulations. Furthermore, a new particle strengthening model for non-shearable precipitates has been introduced which takes Orowan looping at low temperatures and dislocation climb at high temperatures into account. Hence, the present modeling approach considers the strengthening contributions from solutes, precipitates and forest dislocations. Three case studies on the alloys AA 1110, AA 3003 and AA 8014 are presented to assess the performance of the model in simulating the yield stress and flow stress of Al alloys over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates.
Systematic quantification of nanoscopic dose enhancement of gold nanoparticles in ion beams
Authors: Fuss M C , Boscolo D , Durante M , Scifoni E , Krämer M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
High-Z material nanoparticles are being studied as localized dose enhancers in radiotherapeutic applications. Here, the nano-scale physical dose enhancement of proton, carbon and oxygen ion beam radiation by gold nanoparticles was studied by means of Monte Carlo track structure simulation with the TRAX code. We present 2D distributions and radial profiles of the additional dose and the dose enhancement factor for two geometries which consider an isolated and a water-embedded nanoparticle, respectively. Different nanoparticle sizes (radius of 1.2–22 nm) were found to yield qualitatively different absolute and relative dose enhancement distributions and different maximum dose enhancement factors (up to 20). Whereas the smallest nanoparticles produced the highest local dose enhancement factor close to the metal, larger ones led to lower, more diffuse dose enhancement factors that contributed more at larger distances. Differential absorption effects inside the metal were found to be responsible for those characteristics. For the energy range 15–204 MeVu−1, also a mild trend with ion E/A, regardless of the ion species, was found for embedded nanoparticles. In analogy to the width of the ion track itself, slower ions increased the enhancement at the nanoparticle surface. In contrast, no dependence on linear energy transfer was encountered. For slower ions (3–10 MeVu−1), the enhancement effect began to break down over all distances. Finally, the significance of any indirect physical effect was excluded, giving important hints especially in view of the low probabilities (at realistic concentrations and fluences) of direct ion-NP-hits. The very localized nature of the physical dose enhancement found suggests a strong action upon targets closeby, but no relevant effect at cellular distances. When pondering different possible damage enhancement mechanisms of gold nanoparticles in the context of published in vitro and in vivo experimental results, biological pathways are likely to play the key role.
Expanded capabilities of the CarMa code in modeling resistive wall mode dynamics with 3-D conductors
Authors: Bonotto M , Liu Y Q , Villone F , Pigatto L , Bettini P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this work, an improved version of the CarMa code is presented, called CarMa-D, for the analysis of resistive wall modes (RWMs) in fusion devices, simultaneously considering the effects of volumetric three-dimensional conducting structures, plasma dynamics, toroidal rotation or drift-kinetic damping. Unlike static CarMa, CarMa-D does not rely on the simplifying assumptions such as neglecting the plasma mass, toroidal rotation and kinetic damping. The new coupling strategy is based on matrix-based Padé rational functions approximation of plasma a response. The arising mathematical model is formally equivalent to the original CarMa model, but with a higher number of degrees of freedom to model the dynamics of the plasma. CarMa-D overcomes the main limitations of the original CarMa, in particular: (i) the massless assumption for the plasma is removed, allowing modeling of global modes growing both on ideal kink time scales and in the typical RWM growth rate regime, with a suitable treatment of the model; (ii) the effects of toroidal plasma flow and drift kinetic damping can be included into the new model, providing a powerful tool to study macroscopic phenomena where both plasma dynamics and 3-D conducting structures play important roles.
Light-shift spectroscopy of optically trapped atomic ensembles
Authors: Hilton Ashby P , Luiten Andre N , Light Philip S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We develop a method for extracting the physical parameters of interest for a conventional dipole-trapped cold atomic ensemble. This technique uses the spatially dependent ac-Stark shift of the trap itself to project the atomic distribution onto a light-shift broadened transmission spectrum. We develop a model that connects the atomic distribution with the expected transmission spectrum. We then demonstrate the utility of the technique by deriving the temperature, trap depth, lifetime, and trapped atom number from data that was taken in a single shot experimental measurement.
Statistics of first-passage Brownian functionals
Authors: Majumdar Satya N , Meerson Baruch 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study the distribution of first-passage functionals of the type

where

represents a Brownian motion (with or without drift) with diffusion constant D, starting at x
0  >  0, and t

f
is the first-passage time to the origin. In the driftless case, we compute exactly, for all n  >  −2, the probability density

. We show that

has an essential singular tail as

and a power-law tail

as

. The leading essential singular behavior for small A can be obtained using the optimal fluctuation method (OFM), which also predicts the optimal paths of the conditioned process in this limit. For the case with a drift toward the origin, where no exact solution is known for general n  >  −1, we show that the OFM successfully predicts the tails of the distribution. For

it predicts the same essential singular tail as in the driftless case. For

it predicts a stretched exponential tail

for all n  >  0. In the limit of large Péclet number

, where

is the drift velocity toward the origin, the OFM predicts an exact large-deviation scaling behavior, valid for all A:

, where

is the mean value of

in this limit. We compute the rate function

analytically for all n  >  −1. We show that, while for n  >  0 the rate function

is analytic for all z, it has a non-analytic behavior at z  =  1 for  −1  <  n  <  0 which can be interpreted as a dynamical phase transition. The order of this transition is 2 for  −1/2  <  n  <  0, while for  −1  <  n  <  −1/2 the order of transition is

; it changes continuously with n. We also provide an illuminating alternative derivation of the OFM result by using a WKB-type asymptotic perturbation theory for large

. Finally, we employ the OFM to study the case of

(drift away from the origin). We show that, when the process is conditioned on reaching the origin, the distribution of

coincides with the distribution of

for

with the same

.
Study on the utilization of palm fruit waste as a pulp raw material organosolv method with hydrothermal pretreatment
Authors: Apriani R , Manik N N , Mahardhika E H , Inayatullah M J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Palm fronds contain high cellulose, so it can be used as an alternative raw material for making pulp. The purpose of this study is to look at the potential of palm fronds as raw material for making pulp. The process of making pulp used in this study is the organosolv process, which is releasing palm frond fibers with a solution of acetic acid with hydrothermal pretreatment. This study observed the effect of cooking time and cooking solution volume on percent yield. The range of variables used in this study was cooking time of 125,150 and 175 minutes with concentrations of acetic acid cooking solution of 10 percent and 15 percent. The results of pulp quality were analyzed by comparing the results of the cold soda process to obtain physical properties. The best pulp was obtained at 30 minutes cooking time and 175 °C with a tensile value of 0.63 kN / m, tear 228.49 mN and brigthness 13.18.
Comparison study of lignin-kraft extraction process from black liquor using centrifuge and thermal acid hydrolysis methods
Authors: Susilo N A , Chaniago R D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Black liquor is a remnant of pulping fluid which generally consists of 14-18 percent solids which is commonly known as weak black liquor (WBL) with a pH of 12 or more. About 65 percent of the solids contained in black liquor are organic compounds derived from wood such as lignin, resins and fatty acids, acids from carbohydrates, and other organic compounds; The remaining 35percent percent is white liquor which is used in the pulping process. Kraft lignin, also called sulfate or alkali lignin, is obtained from black liquor by the extraction method using an acid hydrolysis process, so that pure kraft lignin compounds can be obtained which can be further utilized in various industrial activities. This study is comparing two kraft lignin extraction methods of acid hydrolysis process with thermal assistance (heating temperature) and a gradual centrifuge. The experiment results showed that the levels of lignin contained in black liquor consist of total calories of 391 kcal / Kg which can be processed into energy sources in the recovery boiler unit in further process. The result of kraft lignin extraction process using the acid hydrolysis method with gradual centrifuge stage is better than the thermal acid hydrolysis method. Quantitatively calculated with ASL values difference of around 0.002 mg / g of both the method and the AIR Value using centrifuge give an average yield of 969.815 mg / g, while using thermal assistance gives an average yield of 679.790 mg / g. Qualitatively, the centrifuge method is more optimal compared to the thermal method shown by the results of ICP, FTIR and SEM testing.
Using traffic signs in children’s shoes and metalworking design
Authors: Peng L H , Yu R R , Indarti  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
According to research, the current situation of declining of children’s birth rate is becoming a serious social issue in Taiwan. Therefore, most parents are willing to give their children the best care, and the trend of children’s goods is refined and more creative. It can be seen that modern people are not afraid of expensive but pay more attention to quality and creativity. This study takes the common traffic signs as design target. Modern children’s living environment is becoming more scientific and less exposed to outdoor activities. The preschool children’s vision is not broad enough to judge the meaning of the traffic sign. Therefore, in the news reports, people often see cases of children misunderstanding the road, leading to tragedy. Parents play an important role in the child’s growth and must teach children to identify relevant signs at the right time.This study hopes to teach children the correct concept of transportation through relevant designs. Although the elements of traffic signs are very simple, the more complex the environment, the more streamlined it is to achieve simplicity and order. The ultimate goal of this study is to make children curious about the goods and teach the correct concept of transportation.
Analysis of the quality of wheel chain products at UPT logam Yogyakarta using FMEA method
Authors: Yunitasari E W , Widiastuti R , Wisnuaji B S , Erwinda M , Sutanta E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Product quality measurement is an important aspect of the production process. This study aims to determine the types of defects that often occur and find a recommendation for improvement to CNC machine product of Takamaz GSL 15 at Technical Implementing Unit Metal Yogyakarta. In this study, a Pareto diagram is used for analysis the types of defects. Analysis of priority value regarding severity (S), occurrence (O), and detection (D) characteristics is performed by using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method. Meanwhile, Fishbone is used to analyze more deeply about the potential caused by the type of defect. This study succeeded in finding four types of records on the product; they are cracked pinhole, imperfect castings, hole defects on the surface, and minus drain lines. This study recommend to include periodic and ongoing supervision of the metal casting process, make metal wheel chain in one production line, use modern equipment or machines, replace the drill bits periodically during machining process and replace sandpaper with a softness level according to SOP.
A study of learning motivation of senior high schools by applying unity and mblock on programming languages courses
Authors: Peng L H , Bai M-H , Siswanto I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study aims to explore whether high school students can enhance students’ learning motivation through challenging learning situationsin programming courses. This study was conducted for 12th-grade students in high school. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. Measurements included Pre- and post-tests measure MSLQ (Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire) and the performance of programming. The experimental group learning design the game interactive project in Unity with C# programming language, and the control group learning build Arduino interactive project in mBlock with block-based programming. The results showed that there was no significant difference in performance, but the learning motivation of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group.
A House of Quality (HOQ) matrix of assistive technology for deaf students at elementary school to enhance basic-level language competencies
Authors: Kurniawan V R B , Wijayanti D 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCommunication skill is a human basic ability to interact with one another. People usually have no difficulties in communication, yet not for deaf people. The basic communication ability of deaf people tends to be poor due to their hearing impairment. Thus, the technological role is an effective way to enhance communication skill for deaf people or so-called as assistive technology. This study generated a house of quality (HOQ) matrix which can be adopted to develop an assistive technology in the form of language instructional media. The HOQ matrix generated significantly contributes to translating from profound need analysis to assistive technology features to enhance communication ability through Indonesian language competencies for deaf students at elementary school. The user needs were formulized from a preliminary assessment at previous research which took twelve best deaf students from three special elementary schools in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study has found that the priority of assistive technology development is visual and interactive media, either application or educational game, which comprises the vocabulary of concrete thematic nouns and non-affix transitive verbs and composing a simple sentence. Therefore, the HOQ generated is particularly noteworthy for Indonesian language major competencies by deaf students, which are: understanding reading text skill, writing, and speaking.
The innovation of module training based heutagogy as an acceleration for increasing pedagogical supremacy of vocational education lecturers in the industrial revolution 4.0
Authors: Putra A B N R , Syafrudie H A , Nidhom A M , Smaragdina A A , Md Yunos J B , Sembiring A I , Eriyanto  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study aims to find the factors that cause the low pedagogical supremacy competence of vocational education lecturers and examine the attractiveness of heutagogy-based training module innovations to improve pedagogical supremacy of vocational education lecturers. This research uses the R&D method. The research focused on tertiary education in vocational fields in East Java. The results and findings in this study include: (1) the factors that cause the low pedagogical supremacy competency of vocational education lecturers include the management factors of students (understanding insight or educational foundation, understanding of students, curriculum/syllabus development, learning design, learning implementation that educates and dialogical, and evaluation of learning outcomes) and aspects of personality (active self-development activities, self-evaluation, designing self-roadmap, professional self-concept, and independent innovation); (2) the innovation of heutatogy-based training modules developed has a high level of acceptance. This is evidenced by the average score of indicators of 36.93 or the level of acceptance of 92.33%, and (3) the innovative heutagogy-based training module developed can be used as a relevant alternative reference in the development of other sophisticated media.