bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of a Management Toolkit for Lewy Body Dementia: A Pilot Cluster‐Randomized Trial
Authors: O'Brien John T. , McKeith Ian G. , Thomas Alan J. , Bamford Claire , Vale Luke , Hill Sarah , Allan Louise , Finch Tracy , McNally Richard , Hayes Louise , Surendranathan Ajenthan , Kane Joseph P.M. , Dunn Sarah , Bentley Allison , Barker Sally , Mason James , Burn David , Taylor John‐Paul 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundLewy body dementia, comprising both dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia, is challenging to manage because of a complex symptom profile and lack of clear evidence‐based management guidelines.ObjectivesWe assessed the feasibility of undertaking a cluster randomized study of the introduction of an evidence‐based management toolkit for Lewy body dementia, assessing the outcomes for patients and carers as secondary measures.MethodsWe randomized 23 memory/dementia, movement disorder, or nonspecialist secondary care services to the management toolkit or usual care. People with dementia with Lewy bodies or Parkinson's disease dementia underwent assessments of cognition, motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and global outcome at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Healthcare, personal and social care costs, and carer‐related outcomes of carer stress, depression, and anxiety were also examined.ResultsA total of 131 participants were recruited (target 120), for whom 6‐month data were available on 108 (83%). There was a benefit of being in the intervention arm for carers (reduced Zarit Burden Scale [P < 0.01], reduced depressive symptoms [P < 0.05]), who also reported less marked patient deterioration on the global outcome measure (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in other outcomes or in costs between groups.ConclusionsThe introduction of an evidence‐based management toolkit for Lewy body dementia was feasible and associated with some benefits, especially for carers. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A Standardized Strategy for Simultaneous Quantification of Urine Metabolites to Validate Development of a Biomarker Panel Allowing Comprehensive Assessment of Dietary Exposure
Authors: Beckmann Manfred , Wilson Thomas , Zubair Hassan , Lloyd Amanda J. , Lyons Laura , Phillips Helen , Tailliart Kathleen , Gregory Nicholas , Thatcher Rhys , Garcia‐Perez Isabel , Frost Gary , Mathers John M. , Draper John 
Published: September 2020

ScopeMetabolites derived from individual foods found in human biofluids after consumption could provide objective measures of dietary intake. For comprehensive dietary assessment, quantification methods would need to manage the structurally diverse mixture of target metabolites present at wide concentration ranges.Methods and resultsA strategy for selection of candidate dietary exposure biomarkers is developed. An analytical method for 62 food biomarkers is validated by extensive analysis of chromatographic and ionization behavior characteristics using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Urine samples from two food intervention studies are used: a controlled, inpatient study (n = 19) and a free‐living study where individuals (n = 15) are provided with food as a series of menu plans. As proof‐of‐principle, it is demonstrated that the biomarker panel could discriminate between menu plans by detecting distinctive changes in the concentration in urine of targeted metabolites. Quantitative relationships between four biomarker concentrations in urine and dietary intake are shown.ConclusionDesign concepts for an analytical strategy are demonstrated, allowing simultaneous quantification of a comprehensive panel of chemically‐diverse biomarkers of a wide range of commonly‐consumed foods. It is proposed that integration of self‐reported dietary recording tools with biomarker approaches will provide more robust assessment of dietary exposure.
A qualitative systematic review of the views, experiences and perceptions of Pilates‐trained physiotherapists and their patients
Authors: Giannakou Ioanna , Gaskell Lynne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesA review of qualitative studies exploring Pilates‐trained physiotherapists and their patients' perspectives and experiences of Pilates, aiming to improve practice and provide a deeper insight into the way this method is being utilized along with its effects on participants.DesignQualitative evidence synthesis using meta‐ethnography.Data sourcesA comprehensive search strategy, limited to English language articles, was conducted to MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro and Cochrane Central for the period of January 2000 (inception) to June 2020. This was supplemented by identification of Grey literature through Google Scholar, website searching and reference lists.Study selectionQualitative studies reporting experiences and perceptions of patients' or Pilates‐trained physiotherapists' regarding the efficacy of Pilates for the management of chronic musculoskeletal conditions. After a process of exclusion, eight studies were included in the synthesis.Data extractionThe textual data were analysed by a qualitative software program. Studies were critically appraised independently by two reviewers.Data synthesisArticles were synthesized using a technique of meta‐ethnography. Three themes emerged from the process of reciprocal translation: (1) Benefits of the Pilates approach; (2) most effective ways to utilize and most beneficial parameters and (3) risks, precautions, contraindications and indications.ConclusionThis is the first qualitative evidence synthesis of practitioners' and patients' perspectives of Pilates. Findings support evidence for the various benefits of this approach and provide fresh insight into the way this method can be practiced to maximize efficiency and focus on the patients' needs.Key recommendationsPilates‐trained physiotherapists identified that Pilates can be tailored to individual requirements, preferences and needs, to promote self‐management to facilitate clinical and cost‐effective care.
Dietary Methionine Restriction Signals to the Brain Through Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 to Regulate Energy Balance and Remodeling of Adipose Tissue
Authors: Forney Laura A. , Fang Han , Sims Landon C. , Stone Kirsten P. , Vincik Leighann Y. , Vick Alicia M. , Gibson Amanda N. , Burk David H. , Gettys Thomas W. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveRestricting dietary methionine to 0.17% in mice increases energy expenditure (EE), reduces fat deposition, and improves metabolic health by increasing hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). The goal of this study was to compare each of these responses in mice with the coreceptor for FGF21 deleted in either adipose tissue or the brain.MethodsMethionine‐restriction (MR) diets were fed to age‐matched cohorts of mice with the coreceptor for FGF21 deleted in either adipose tissue or the brain. The physiological and transcriptional responses to MR were compared in the respective cohorts.ResultsTissue‐specific deletion of the FGF21 coreceptor in adipose tissue did not abrogate the ability of dietary MR to increase  EE and reduce fat deposition. Tissue‐specific deletion of the FGF21 coreceptor from the brain produced mice that were unable to respond to the effects of MR on  EE or the remodeling of adipose tissue.ConclusionsThe increase in FGF21 produced by dietary MR acts primarily in the brain to produce its physiological effects on energy balance. In contrast, the effects of MR on hepatic gene expression were intact in both models, supporting a mechanism that directly links detection of reduced methionine in the liver to transcriptional mechanisms that alter gene expression in the liver.
Treatment response of CNS high‐grade neuroepithelial tumors with MN1 alteration
Authors: Baroni Lorena V. , Rugilo Carlos , Lubieniecki Fabiana , Sampor Claudia , Freytes Candela , Nobre Liana , Hansford Jordan R. , Malalasekera Vajiranee S. , Zapotocky Michal , Dodgshun Andrew , Martinez Ofelia Cruz , La Madrid Andres Morales , Lavarino Cinzia , Suñol Mariona , Rutkowski Stefan , Schuller Ulrich , Bouffet Eric , Ramaswamy Vijay , Alderete Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCentral nervous system high‐grade neuroepithelial tumor with MN1 alteration (CNS HGNET‐MN1) is a rare recently described entity. Fourteen CNS HGNET‐MN1 patients were identified using genome‐wide methylation arrays/RT‐PCR across seven institutions. All patients had surgery (gross total resection: 10; subtotal resection: four) as initial management followed by observation alone in three patients, followed by radiotherapy in eight patients (focal: five; craniospinal: two; CyberKnife: one) and systemic chemotherapy in three patients. Seven patients relapsed; five local and two metastatic, despite adjuvant radiotherapy, of which three died. Treatment of CNS HGNET‐MN1 remains a major treatment challenge despite aggressive surgical resections and upfront radiotherapy, warranting new approaches to this rare malignancy.
Respiratory Severity Score greater than or equal to 2 at birth is associated with an increased risk of mortality in infants with birth weights less than or equal to 1250 g
Authors: Shah Shetal I. , Aboudi David , La Gamma Edmund F. , Brumberg Heather L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveRespiratory Severity Score (RSS), the product of mean airway pressure and the fraction of inspired oxygen may estimate the severity of neonatal lung disease. We aimed to determine if RSS on the first day of life is associated with mortality and/or comorbidities in infants born less than or equal to 1250 g.MethodsData were extracted from the NYS Perinatal Data System for premature inborn infants from 2006 to 2016 born between 400 and 1250 g (N = 730). RSS was divided into three categories: less than 2 (low, n = 310), 2–5 (moderate, n = 265), greater than 5 (high, n = 155). The primary outcome was mortality. Logistic regression determined associations with composite outcomes of death or respiratory morbidity (respiratory support after 36 weeks postmenstrual age), death or neurologic morbidity (periventricular leukomalacia) or high‐grade intraventricular hemorrhage), and death/severe morbidity (death or neurologic morbidity or respiratory morbidity or stage ≥ III retinopathy of prematurity or necrotizing enterocolitis) by RSS category.ResultsBirthweight and gestational age were lower with the increasing RSS category (p < .001 for both). Mode of delivery, antenatal steroids, and maternal age did not differ by RSS. In adjusted analyses, there were increased odds of mortality in infants with moderate RSS (odds ratio [95% confidence intervals]: 3.1 (1.7–5.4) and high 4.5 (2.5–8.2). These groups had higher odds of death or respiratory morbidity, death or neurologic morbidity, and death/severe morbidity.ConclusionHigher RSS (≥2) is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidities in infants born less than or equal to 1250 g.
Viral infection neutralization tests: A focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 with implications for convalescent plasma therapy
Authors: Focosi Daniele , Maggi Fabrizio , Mazzetti Paola , Pistello Mauro 
Published: September 2020

SummaryViral neutralization tests (VNTs) have long been considered old‐fashioned tricks in the armamentarium of fundamental virology, with laboratory implementation for a limited array of viruses only. Nevertheless, they represent the most reliable surrogate of potency for passive immunotherapies, such as monoclonal or polyclonal antibody therapy. The recent interest around therapy with convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies for the Covid‐19 pandemic has paralleled the revival of VNTs. We review here the available methods by dissecting variations for each fundamental component of the VNT (i.e., virus type and dose, replication‐competent cell line, serum, and detection system).
Online learning constrained model predictive control based on double prediction
Authors: Manzano J. M. , Muñoz de la Peña D. , Calliess J. , Limon D. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA data‐based predictive controller is proposed, offering both robust stability guarantees and online learning capabilities. To merge these two properties in a single controller, a double‐prediction approach is taken. On the one hand, a safe prediction is computed using Lipschitz interpolation on the basis of an offline identification dataset, which guarantees safety of the controlled system. On the other hand, the controller also benefits from the use of a second online learning‐based prediction as measurements incrementally become available over time. Sufficient conditions for robust stability and constraint satisfaction are given. Illustrations of the approach are provided in a simulated case study.
New grassland riparian zone delineation method for calculating ecological water demand to guide management goals
Authors: Lan Duo , Rui‐Hong Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRiver flow provides water that maintains the ecological health of both the river itself and the adjoining riparian zones. However, there is a lack of clear definition and identification method of the riparian zone of inland river basins with narrow river channels and anthropogenic intervention reservoirs. In this study, we developed a new method to delineate semiarid grassland riparian zones by taking the Xilin River (Inner Mongolia, China) basin as a case study for providing an opportunity for a more accurate estimation of the ecological water demand of riparian zone. The extent of the riparian zones with different geomorphological and hydrological characteristics was determined by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images at five river sections along the reach under the combination of natural variations and the regulation by the dams. After mapping each river section, river length and riparian zone area were shown to have a strong relationship (ρs = 0.9; p < .05), which was extended to calculate the downstream riparian zone area by using its river length. Moreover, we applied the distribution flow method to calculate the river ecological water demand and employed the Penman‐Monteith method to calculate riparian zone ecological water demand. The results showed that the river ecological water demand of the downstream of the reservoir was approximately 6.5×106 m3 per year while riparian zone was 2075.1×106 m3. Only 36, 19, and 15% of the ecological water demand can be met in the hydrological wet, average, and dry years, respectively, because of improper reservoir management and the inability of the discharge of the reservoir to meet the ecological water demand of the downstream riparian zone. Our data illustrate the impact and importance of river flow on the downstream degradation of riparian grasslands and can motivate reservoir management in semiarid areas, which will be helpful to guide water regulations to meet environmental and ecological needs.
The Properties and Preparation Methods of Different Boron Nitride Nanostructures and Applications of Related Nanocomposites
Authors: Pan Duo , Su Fengmei , Liu Hu , Ma Yong , Das Rajib , Hu Qian , Liu Chuntai , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to special non‐metallic polar bond between the III group (with certain metallic properties) element boron (B) and the V group element nitrogen (N), boron nitride (BN) has unique physical and chemical properties such as strong high‐temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, heat conduction, electrical insulation and neutron absorption. Its unique lamellar, reticular and tubular morphologies and physicochemical properties make it attractive in the fields of adsorption, catalysis, hydrogen storage, thermal conduction, insulation, dielectric substrate of electronic devices, radiation protection, polymer composites, medicine, etc. Therefore, the synthesis and properties of BN derived materials become the main research hotspots of low‐dimensional nanomaterials. This paper reviews the synthetic methods, overall properties, and applications of BN nanostructures and nanocomposites. In addition, challenges and prospect of this kind of materials are discussed.
Drivetrain fatigue strength characteristics of model‐predictive control for wind turbines
Authors: Schulz Carsten , Schwarz Colin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWind turbines play a crucial role in the revolution towards renewable resources. They need to be economically competitive to be sustainable. This still requires to lower the cost of energy (COE). To this end, nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is used within this paper. As known from literature, NMPC significantly improves the energy extracting performance as well as the mitigation of tower loads of wind turbines. As it is shown in this paper, the drivetrain fatigue strength drops disproportionally in parallel, which either increases the demands on the turbine design or decreases the lifetime of drivetrain components. Without additional boundary conditions to the underlying optimal control problems (OCPs), the application of energy‐maximizing NMPC might so even raise the COE. Only penalizing axial torque oscillations by quadratic terms decreases energy‐extracting performance below the level of classical wind turbine controllers. This makes more sophisticated conditions necessary. In this paper, the increase of the drivetrain damage by NMPC is analyzed, and appropriate boundary conditions are derived, to balance the two contradicting objectives of energy maximization and drivetrain load mitigation. An NMPC approach based on indirect methods is used, to obtain a solution of the OCPs very efficiently. It applies the Hamilton equations and Pontryagin's maximum principle. Its accuracy and efficiency to solve OCPs was presented over the last decades.
Insights into the roles of membrane pore size and feed foulant concentration in ultrafiltration membrane fouling based on collision‐attachment theory
Authors: Liu Junxia , Chen Kang , Zou Kangbing , He Linjuan , Zhao Dongsheng , Wang Zhihong , Qiu Yongting , Chen Yiliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMembrane property and feed characteristics play critical roles in membrane fouling. This paper aims to clarify the roles of membrane pore size (φ) and feed foulant concentration (Cb) in ultrafiltration fouling induced by polysaccharides. The fouling behaviors were expounded by collision‐attachment theory, where the rate of membrane fouling is mainly determined by collision frequency (JCb) and attachment efficiency (γ). At the initial fouling stage, rapid flux decline was observed at large φ or high Cb due to the great JCb and/or γ. At the later fouling stage, there existed a nearly identical maximum stable flux attributing to the same JCb and γ, which was independent of φ and Cb. Moreover, the smaller φ can lead to less foulants passed through the membrane and thus more foulants attaching on the membrane, while the higher Cb can give rise to more foulants on both the membrane surface and in the permeate. The results presented in current study provide fundamental basis in understanding membrane fouling.Practitioner points

Collision‐attachment theory was employed to expound the UF fouling behavior.

Rapid flux decline occurred at large membrane pore size or high feed foulant concentration in the initial fouling stage.

Membranes with different pore size or feed foulant concentration had an identical flux at the latter fouling stage.

Lowering membrane pore size or increasing feed foulant concentration can lead to more foulants attaching on the membrane surface.
Dynamics of a rectangular thin plate with lumped mass under harmonic foundation and in‐plane excitations
Authors: Zhou Liangqiang , Ji Peng , Chen Fangqi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNonlinear dynamic behaviors including global bifurcations and multi‐pulse chaotic dynamics of a rectangular thin plate with lumped mass subjected to a harmonic foundation excitation and in‐plane excitation are investigated in this paper. With the von Krmn equation and Galerkin method, the dynamic equation of the first two modes for this model is obtained. Utilized the method of multiple scales, the average equation of the system in the case of both primary resonance and 1/2 subharmonic resonance is obtained. Global bifurcations and chaotic dynamics of the rectangular thin plate are analyzed with the energy‐phase method. The effect of the dissipation factor on pulse sequence and layer radius is discussed in detail. The results obtained here indicate that there exist Silnikov‐type multi‐pulse orbits homoclinic to certain invariant sets for the resonant case, which means that chaotic motion may occur. Homoclinic trees describing the repeated bifurcations of multi‐pulse solutions are also obtained. With the Runge–Kutta method, numerical simulations including the time histories and phase portraits are given, which demonstrate that chaotic behaviors may occur and confirm the analytical results.
Kaluza-Klein FIMP dark matter in warped extra-dimensions
Authors: Bernal Nicolás , Donini Andrea , Folgado Miguel G. , Rius Nuria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study for the first time the case in which Dark Matter (DM) is made of Feebly Interacting Massive Particles (FIMP) interacting just gravitationally with the standard model particles in an extra-dimensional Randall-Sundrum scenario. We assume that both the dark matter and the standard model are localized in the IR-brane and only interact via gravitational mediators, namely the graviton, the Kaluza-Klein gravitons and the radion. We found that in the early Universe DM could be generated via two main processes: the direct freeze-in and the sequential freeze-in. The regions where the observed DM relic abundance is produced are largely compatible with cosmological and collider bounds.
Preliminary yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using video footage from social media
Authors: Rigby S. E. , Lodge T. J. , Alotaibi S. , Barr A. D. , Clarke S. D. , Langdon G. S. , Tyas A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRapid, accurate assessment of the yield of a large-scale urban explosion will assist in implementing emergency response plans, will facilitate better estimates of areas at risk of high damage and casualties, and will provide policy makers and the public with more accurate information about the event. On 4 August 2020, an explosion occurred in the Port of Beirut, Lebanon. Shortly afterwards, a number of videos were posted to social media showing the moment of detonation and propagation of the resulting blast wave. In this article, we present a method to rapidly calculate explosive yield based on analysis of 16 videos with a clear line-of-sight to the explosion. The time of arrival of the blast is estimated at 38 distinct positions, and the results are correlated with well-known empirical laws in order to estimate explosive yield. The best estimate and reasonable upper limit of the 2020 Beirut explosion determined from this method are 0.50 kt TNT and 1.12 kt TNT, respectively.
The fourth moment of individual Dirichlet L-functions on the critical line
Authors: Topacogullari Berke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe prove an asymptotic formula for the second moment of a product of two Dirichlet L-functions on the critical line, which has a power saving in the error term and which is uniform with respect to the involved Dirichlet characters. As special cases we give uniform asymptotic formulae for the fourth moment of individual Dirichlet L-functions and for the second moment of Dedekind zeta functions of quadratic number fields on the critical line.