bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malawi at the crossroads: Does the fear of contracting COVID-19 affect the propensity to vote?
Authors: Chirwa Gowokani Chijere , Dulani Boniface , Sithole Lonjezo , Chunga Joseph J. , Alfonso Witness , Tengatenga John 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has disrupted ways of life, including political processes. In this paper, we assess the effect of own perceived risk of catching COVID-19 on willingness to vote. The paper draws from a nationally representative survey of adult Malawians (n=1155). Our main method used instrumental variables to account for potential endogeneity. Findings show that 63% of Malawians thought that they are likely to catch COVID-19. Notwithstanding the COVID19 risk, 86% were willing to vote. The regression analysis suggests that an individual’s perceived risk of catching COVID-19 is associated with lower likelihood of voting (β=-0.096; p<0.05). The results suggest that voter turnout in Malawi’s fresh presidential election may have been highly affected by the perceived risk of catching COVID-19. The policy implication is that instituting and enforcing primary preventive measures may help reduce the perceived risk of catching COVID19 and mitigate voter apathy.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of lean methods and tools in healthcare services: an alternative to improve care during the pandemic
Authors: Amaral Laryssa Carvalho de , Calado Robisom D. , Teixeira Adriana Melo , Silva Maria Helena Teixeira da , Bourguignon Saulo Cabral , Costa Helder Gomes 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Lean approach has become a trend due to its credibility achieved in several sectors, including Health services having target at the care and security of patients. This paper aims to map how Lean tools are being used in healthcare and what are their results, including those related to humanization. Methods: A Systematic Literature Review was performed according to the following steps: search for articles approaching the Lean Healthcare theme published in English between 2014 and 2020, selected on the databases of Web of Science, Scopus and Compendex (no other articles were introduced on the literature review), followed by discarding duplicates. The records were screening focusing in the section of articles reporting cases of lean healthcare adopting. No articles were excluded after the screening, which resulted in 48 articles that were deeper analysed through both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Results: Value Stream Mapping (VSM), 5S and Kaizen were the most used Lean tools in related study, with 24, 14 and 13 occurrences. The simulation and the “5 Whys” were Lean tools less used, with 3 and 2 occurrences. The main benefits found with the use of such tools were a reduction in the service time and an increase in patient satisfaction. The influence of teams and doctors behavior was identified as barrier to Lean implementation. Conclusions: The word "human" was discovered to be the most used word to describe Lean works in healthcare, that was not related in earlier reviews. There was also an increase in the number of Brazilian publications on subject, compared to previous period, in which the United States led on the number of publications. Throughout the study, two related cases added an annual savings of US $ 444,911, with the implementation of Lean Healthcare. The Lean approach has been applied in some health services to reduce the time of attendance and increase patient satisfaction. These results are indicative for expanding its application in the context of pandemics such as COVID-19.
NOM removal and residual Al minimization by enhanced coagulation: roles of sequence dosing with PACl–FeCl3
Authors: Tsai Ming-Han , Hua Lap-Cuong , Huang Kochin , Huang Chihpin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To remove higher proportions of natural organic matter (NOM) in water treatment plants, over dosing of Al-based coagulant is frequently applied. However, this leads to the risk of an excess of coagulant residue in the clean water. In this study, sequential coagulation with polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and FeCl3 was proposed to improve the removal of NOM as well as to minimize residual Al. Single dosing with either PACl or FeCl3 in particular was compared with sequential coagulation, with different dosing sequences of PACl–FeCl3 (P–F) or FeCl3–PACl (F–P). At optimum dosage, sequential coagulation P–F showed twice as much dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal from water containing algogenic organic matter, compared to single dosing of PACl and sequential coagulation F–P. However, sequential coagulation F–P was the most effective approach for humic substance removal that improved DOC removal up to &gt;70% compared to other dosing approaches (&lt;60%). Practical treatment with real water also showed the advantages of sequential coagulation with P–F in improving the removal of low SUVA NOM by 18% compared to the traditional single dosing of PACl. As expected, the Al residues found in both sequential coagulation (0.07 mg/L) were significantly reduced compared to single dosing with PACl (0.15 mg/L), indicating the promising application of sequential coagulation for future safe water treatment.
Bias correction demonstration in two of the Indian Himalayan river basins
Authors: Dimri A. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is imperative need of robust basin-scale data for climate impact studies over the topographically varying and landuse heterogenous river basins in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Even finer resolution regional climate models’ (RCMs) information is elusive for these purposes. Based on available model fields and corresponding in-situ observed fields, bias correction for precipitation over Upper Ganga River Basin (UGRB) and temperature over Satluj River Basin (SRB) is demonstrated. These chosen river basins are in central and western Himalayas, respectively. Model precipitation (temperature) field from RegCM4.7 (REMO) and corresponding observed precipitation (temperature) field from nine (eight) stations of UGRB (SRB) are considered. Empirical quantile mapping (inverse function method) method is used. It is seen that each model has a distinct systematic bias relating to both precipitation and temperature means with respect to their corresponding observed means. Applying bias correction methods to the model fields resulted in reducing these mean biases and other errors. These findings illustrate handling and improving the model fields for hydrology, glaciology studies, etc.
Climate change impact analysis using bias-corrected multiple global climate models on rice and wheat yield
Authors: Dubey Madhuri , Mishra Ashok , Singh Rajendra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Rice and wheat, two staple food grain crops, play a key role in farmers' income and food security. The response of these crops towards climate change is heterogeneous and uncertain. Therefore, it becomes essential to analyse the impact of climate change on these crops. An investigation was performed to analyse the impact of climate change on rice and wheat yield and to quantify the uncertainties in the yield predictions in West Bengal, India. The climatic projections from eight global climate models were used to simulate the rice and wheat yields in all districts of West Bengal. A quantile mapping method was used to correct systematic biases of daily rainfall, solar radiation and temperature. The corrected data were then used for driving crop environment and resource synthesis models for yield simulations. Results reveal that rice yield is expected to reduce by 7–9% in the 2020s, 8–14% in the 2050s and 8–15% in the 2080s, whereas wheat yield is expected to go down by 18–20% in the 2020s, 20–28% in the 2050s and 18–33% in the 2080s. These reductions signify that rice and wheat yield is more likely to decline under the future climate change condition, which may affect the regional food sustainability.
Yellow 2G dye degradation by electro-Fenton process using steel electrode as catalysis and its phytotoxicity effect
Authors: Benhadji Amel , Ahmed Mourad Taleb 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The heterogeneous electro-Fenton process degradation of Yellow 2G from wastewater was studied using a batch reactor. The COD of the wastewater used in treatment experiments was 163 mg O2·L−1 and the BOD5 was 17 mg O2·L−1 (hardly biodegradable). The treatment of the wastewater at different current densities (2.5 mA·cm−2–12.5 mA·cm−2), solution pH (3 and 6.6), reaction times (5–25 min), electrolyte nature (NaCl, Na2SO4) and electrolyte concentrations (0.15 g·L−1–1 g·L−1) was investigated. According to the results, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process was suitable for the decolorization of wastewater containing Yellow 2G. The optimum conditions were current density of 12.5 mA·cm−2, initial pH of the wastewater neutral, 25 min of electrolysis treatment using an additive steel electrode as a source of catalysis and in the presence of 1 g NaCl·L−1. We obtained easily biodegradable water with a mineralization rate equal to 85% and non-toxicity confirmed by the pea grain germination test.
Removal of tetracyclines from aqueous solutions by electrocoagulation/pecan nutshell coupling processes: synergistic effect and mechanism
Authors: Xiao Kunkun , Huang Dongmei , Kang Chunli , Sun Siyang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present work compared electrocoagulation (EC)/pecan shell (PS) coupling process with a simple electrocoagulation (EC) process for the removal of tetracyclines (TCs). The results indicated that the addition of appropriate PS could lead to the enhancement of the removal efficiency and decrease of operating time via synergistic influence, including conventional EC process, biomass materials adsorption, charge neutralization and coordination adsorption. The ideal condition for the coupling process was 2.5 mA/cm2 for current density and 3 cm for plate spacing. Based on the optimum condition, when the dosage of PS was 5 g/L, the initial concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) and chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) was 250 mg/L, the removal rate of PS was 55.90%, 45.10% and 14.98% higher than those of EC process after 40 min treatment. In addition, compared to conventional EC process, the unit energy demand (UED) decreased by 49.62%, 53.2 4% and 26.35% and the unit electrode material demand (UEMD) decreased by 49.80%, 85.65% and 44.37%, respectively, which means more energy conservation and environmental protection.
Fault detection and diagnosis in water resource recovery facilities using incremental PCA
Authors: Kazemi Pezhman , Giralt Jaume , Bengoa Christophe , Masoumian Armin , Steyer Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Because of the static nature of conventional principal component analysis (PCA), natural process variations may be interpreted as faults when it is applied to processes with time-varying behavior. In this paper, therefore, we propose a complete adaptive process monitoring framework based on incremental principal component analysis (IPCA). This framework updates the eigenspace by incrementing new data to the PCA at a low computational cost. Moreover, the contribution of variables is recursively provided using complete decomposition contribution (CDC). To impute missing values, the empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP) method is incorporated into this framework. The effectiveness of this framework is evaluated using benchmark simulation model No. 2 (BSM2). Our simulation results show the ability of the proposed approach to distinguish between time-varying behavior and faulty events while correctly isolating the sensor faults even when these faults are relatively small.
Inhibition of Efflux Pumps by Monoterpene (α-pinene) and Impact on Staphylococcus aureus Resistance to Tetracycline and Erythromycin
Authors: Freitas Priscilla R. , de Araújo Ana Carolina J. , Barbosa Cristina R. , Muniz Débora F. , Tintino Saulo R. , Ribeiro-Filho Jaime , Siqueira Júnior José P. , Filho José M.B. , de Sousa Gabriela R. , Coutinho Henrique D.M. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Infectious diseases have been responsible for an increasing number of deaths worldwide.
Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as one of the most notable causative agents of severe infections, while
efflux pump (EP) expression is one of the main mechanisms associated with S. aureus resistance to antibiotics.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the potential of α-pinene as an efflux pump inhibitor in species of S.
aureus carrying the TetK and MrsA proteins.

Methods:
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of α-pinene and other efflux pump inhibitors were assessed
using serial dilutions of each compound at an initial concentration above 1024 μg/mL. Solutions containing culture
medium and bacterial inoculums were prepared in test tubes and subsequently transferred to 96-well microdilution
plates. The modulation of ethidium bromide (EtBr) and antibiotics (tetracycline and erythromycin) was investigated
through analysis of the modification in their MICs in the presence of a subinhibitory concentration of α-pinene
(MIC/8). Wells containing only culture medium and bacterial inoculums were used as negative control. Carbonyl
cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) was used as a positive control.

Results:
The MIC of ethidium bromide against S. aureus strains RN-4220 and IS-58 was reduced by association with
α-pinene. This monoterpene potentiated the effect of tetracycline against the IS-58 strain but failed in modulating the
antibacterial effect of erythromycin against RN-4220, suggesting a selective inhibitory effect on the TetK EP by α-
pinene.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, α-pinene has promising effects against S.aureus strains, which should be useful in the
combat of antibacterial resistance associated with EP expression. Nevertheless, further research is required to fully
characterize its molecular mechanism of action as an EP inhibitor.
Chloroquine Assisted Delivery of microRNA Mimic Let-7b to NSCLC Cell Line by PAMAM (G5) - HA Nano-Carrier
Authors: Maghsoudnia Niloufar , Eftekhari Reza Baradaran , Sohi Alireza Naderi , Dorkoosh Farid Abedin 
Published: August 2020

Aim:
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are attracting interest of the scientists as vehicles
for nucleic acid delivery due to their suitable properties. The highly positive surface charged of
PAMAM enables an adequate interaction with negatively charged microRNAs.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor effect of microRNA Mimic let-7b
loaded in PAMAM dendrimers (G5) on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Objective:
In order to increase the anti-tumor effect, chloroquine is employed to enhance the endosomal
escape which is counted as a limitation in the advancement of gene delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) were
coated with natural polysaccharide "Hyaluronic Acid (HA)" to develop biodegradable carriers with targeting
moiety for over-expressed CD44 receptors on NSCLC cells. The size and zeta potential measurements,
gel retardation, cellular uptake, cell viability and gene expression studies were investigated for
the designed delivery system.

Results:
DLS analysis showed monodispersed small nanoparticles, which was in agreement with TEM
results. Remarkably, NPs in the cells pretreated with chloroquine exhibited the highest cytotoxicity and
were capable of inducing apoptosis. In cellular uptake study, NPs labeled with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate
(FITC), were successfully taken up in cancer cells. Moreover, the expression study of three genes
linked with cancer initiation and development in NSCLC, including KRAS, p-21, and BCL-2 indicated a
decrease in KRAS and BCL-2 (oncogenic and anti-apoptotic genes) and increase in p-21 (apoptotic gene).

Conclusion:
All factors considered, the results declare that application of let-7b-loaded PAMAM-HA
NPs in combination with chloroquine can be a promising therapeutic option in cancer cells inhibition.
This fact has frequently been highlighted by many researchers upon the potentials of micro RNA delivery
in cancer cells.
Correlation Between Clinical Manifestation and Radiological Findings In Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection Patients In Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Upadhana Putu Satyakumara , Iqra Haikal Hamas Putra , Cahyarini I Gusti Agung Ayu Chintya , Somia I Ketut Agus , Anandasari Pande Putu Yuli 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) mono-infection has radiological features and typical clinical manifestation that
are easily recognized by clinicians. These radiological features and clinical manifestation are often found to show atypical
features in subjects coinfected with Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), making TB diagnosis and early
management challenging to establish.

Objective:
This study aims to determine the relationship between clinical and radiological presentation of pulmonary TB patients with HIV coinfection at the Central General Hospital Sanglah, Bali.

Methods:
This research was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional method. A total of 54 TB-HIV coinfected
patients were analyzed to their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and chest radiographic features.

Results:
The majority of subjects were of productive age (26-61 years), male (64.8%) and belonged to the heterosexual
group (90.7%). Weight loss (75.9%), cough (64.8%) and oral candidiasis (53.7%) are the most common clinical manifestations found in subjects, especially in subjects with CD4+ >200 cells/mm3. Atypical radiological features such as infiltration/consolidation (59.3%), fibrosis (16.7%) and hillar lymphadenopathy (14.8%) are the most commonly obtained radiological features of the subjects. From the results of the bivariate analysis, it was found that radiological in the form of infiltration/consolidation were more commonly found in subjects with CD4+ <200 cells/mm3(OR=1.254; 95% CI 1.059-1.568).

Conclusion:
Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there are no typical radiological features and
clinical manifestation in patients with TB-HIV infection.
Synthesis of Some New 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole, Pyrazole, and Pyrimidine Bearing Thienopyrazole Moieties
Authors: Sophy Mohamed Ahmed Elian , Abdel Reheim Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: August 2020

Aim and Objective:
According to the literature survey, pyrazole is a unique template that is associated
with several biological activities. This article highlighted the research work of many researchers reported in the
literature for synthesis and different pharmacological activities of the pyrazole nucleus. In the present work, pyrazol-
3-one 1 was reacted with cyanoacetic acid hydrazide and elemental sulfur to afford the corresponding
thieno[3,2-c]pyrazol-6-carbohydrazide 3 derivatives. The latter compound reacted with some electrophilic reagents
such as DMF-DMA, triethylorthoformate, arylidenemalononitriles and chalcones under neat conditions to
give substituted oxadiazole and pyrazole, respectively. The treatment of compound 3 with active methylene reagents
such as acetylacetone, diethylmalonate, ethyl acetoacetate and ethyl cyanoacetate under suitable conditions
afforded pyrazole derivatives 10, 11, 13, and 15, respectively. Novel pyrazolothienopyrimidine 27 and 30 were
prepared from precursor 26 with carbon disulfide and triethylorthoformate, respectively. The chemical structures
of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental and spectral analyses including IR, and 1HNMR
in addition to 13C-NMR and mass spectra.

Materials and Methods:
A novel substituted pyrazole, pyrimidine and pyrazolothienopyrimidine were obtained
via Gewald synthesis of thiophene and fused thiophene and Mannich reactions of 5-amino-3-phenyl-1Hthieno[
3,2-c]pyrazole-6-carbohydrazide.

Results and Discussion:
A series of some newly azoles and azines were prepared via reaction of thieno[3,2-
c]pyrazol-6-carbohydrazide derivative 3 as starting material with some electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents.
The structures of target compounds were established by elemental analyses and spectral data.

Conclusion:
Pyrazole is a unique template that is associated with several biological activities. This article highlighted
the research work of many researchers reported in the literature for synthesis and different pharmacological
activities of the pyrazole nucleus. In the current investigation, we have developed new and efficient methods
for the synthesis of thieno[3,2-c]pyrazol-6-carbohydrazide derivatives. In addition, we have explored the preparative
potential of these substances as intermediates for the synthesis of substituted pyrazoles and fused pyrazoles
10-30, respectively.
Impact of Metabolic Surgery on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Mortality: A Review
Authors: Cohen Ricardo , Sforza Noelia S. , Clemente Romina G. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The association between obesity and a reduction in life expectancy is well
established, and cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality. Bariatric surgery has long
been established as the most effective and durable intervention for obesity, and is the only intervention
for obesity that consistently improves multiple comorbidities, reduces cardiovascular disease
and long-term mortality. The purpose of this review is to describe the impact of metabolic/bariatric
surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic parameters, including cardiovascular mortality.

Methods:
A systematic literature search of Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register
was performed. We included randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis, case-control trials, and
cohort studies that contain data on reductions in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular mortality
in subjects who underwent metabolic/bariatric surgery from January 1, 2005 to June 1, 2020.

Conclusion:
There is sufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials that metabolic/bariatric
surgery is associated with a significant improvement of all cardiovascular risk factors. Although
studies are showing a reduction of macrovascular events and cardiovascular mortality, these findings
come from observational studies and should be confirmed in randomized clinical trials.