bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Binding Interface of PET Tracer Molecules and Alzheimer Disease Aβ Fibrils by Using MAS Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Niu Zheng , Sarkar Riddhiman , Aichler Michaela , Wester Hans‐Jürgen , Yousefi Behrooz Hooshyar , Reif Bernd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) tracer molecules like thioflavin T specifically recognize amyloid deposition in brain tissue by selective binding to hydrophobic or aromatic surface grooves on the β‐sheet surface along the fibril axis. The molecular basis of this interaction is, however, not well understood. We have employed magic angle spinning (MAS) solid‐state NMR spectroscopy to characterize Aβ‐PET tracer complexes at atomic resolution. We established a titration protocol by using bovine serum albumin as a carrier to transfer hydrophobic small molecules to Aβ(1‐40) fibrillar aggregates. The same Aβ(1‐40) amyloid fibril sample was employed in subsequent titrations to minimize systematic errors that potentially arise from sample preparation. In the experiments, the small molecules 13C‐methylated Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) as well as a novel Aβ tracer based on a diarylbithiazole (DABTA) scaffold were employed. Classical 13C‐detected as well as proton‐detected spectra of protonated and perdeuterated samples with back‐substituted protons, respectively, were acquired and analyzed. After titration of the tracers, chemical‐shift perturbations were observed in the loop region involving residues Gly25‐Lys28 and Ile32‐Gly33, thus suggesting that the PET tracer molecules interact with the loop region connecting β‐sheets β1 and β2 in Aβ fibrils. We found that titration of the PiB derivatives suppressed fibril polymorphism and stabilized the amyloid fibril structure.
EGFR Fragmentation for Topological Transformation Nanobarcoding
Authors: Kim Jeonghun , Yoo Changhoon , Moon Je Hun , Um Soong Ho 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs the market for personalized lung cancer medicine expands, the demand for molecular diagnostic tools in general, and methods of detecting multiple genes with qualitative, quantitative, and high specificity in particular, have grown. Here, we propose a system for the effective detection of lung cancer‐specific, long‐length epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations by using a topological transformation nano‐barcoding technique (TNT). In former TNT studies, EGFR was successfully detected in cell environments and at test stages in the presence of a reference gene. However, because typical EGFR target concentrations are significantly lower at the clinical stage and the probe‐binding ability of long‐length targets is lower that of short targets, our system employs polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, restriction, and filtering (PRF) for EGFR fragmentation to maximize performance. In a PRF system, the target is amplified by PCR, cut to a suitable size by a restriction enzyme, and filtered by a magnetic bead. With detection limits of 0.3555 % and 1.500 % for EGFR Del 19 and L858R mutations, respectively, the proposed TNT with PRF can effectively distinguish mutant cell lines and efficiently detect various lengths of genetic variations in clinical trials.
The first love, you never forget. The last heart valve, you might remember better than the first
Authors: Aranzulla Tiziana Claudia , Musumeci Giuseppe 
Published: April 2020

Key Points
Valve‐in‐valve (VIV) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) does not increase cerebrovascular risk compared with TAVR in native aortic valves; the only predictors of new brain lesions were age and postdilatation.
Wise choice of the biological valve at the time of surgical aortic replacement, routine use of cerebral protection devices, and new therapeutic paths may be important.
Larger studies are needed, hopefully with systematic postdilatation or bioprosthetic valve fracture in cases of residual high transvalvular gradients after VIV TAVR.
Rules for Selecting Metal Cocatalyst Based on Charge Transfer and Separation Efficiency between ZnO Nanoparticles and Noble Metal Cocatalyst Ag/ Au/ Pt
Authors: Liu Qianxia , Wang Zhuan , Chen Hailong , Wang Hao‐Yi , Song Hui , Ye Jinhua , Weng Yuxiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLoading metal cocatalyst on semiconductor nanoparticles is a general strategy to enhance photocatalytic efficiency, while the consensus of selecting metal cocatalyst matching with semiconductor is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the charge transfer and separation efficiency between ZnO and cocatalysts Ag, Au, and Pt nanoparticles respectively using ultrafast mid‐IR transient absorption spectroscopy. We found that Ohmic contact of Ag with ZnO favoring electron transfer and charge separation, while Schottky junction of Pt or Au with ZnO preventing electron transfer from ZnO to metal. Thus Ohmic contact would be better than Schottky contact. Since photocatalytic efficiency is also determined by chemical catalytic efficiency, we proposed a dual metal cocatalyst strategy for improving the overall photocatalytic efficiency, with the inner metal forming Ohmic contact for efficient charge separation and shuttling electrons and the outer‐layer metal cocatalyst for optimizing the chemical reactivity.
Complete Formaldehyde Removal over 3D Structured Na1.1Mn4O8@Mn5O8 Biphasic‐Crystals
Authors: Zhang Chunlei , Liu Guojuan , Wu Ping , Zeng Gaofeng , Sun Yuhan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the increasing concerns on the formaldehyde (HCHO) hazard, the efficient oxidation of HCHO over affordable and harmless catalyst is of significant practical interest. Herein, the intermediate state of Mn5O8−Na1.1Mn4O8 (Na−Mn5O8) biphasic‐crystal catalyst, which features Na1.1Mn4O8‐nanosheet@ Mn5O8‐nanorod interconnected 3D structure, is successfully fabricated through the anaerobic calcination of manganite followed by alkali treatment. The resultant Na−Mn5O8 exhibits 100 % conversion of HCHO (150 ppm and 60000 h−1) and reliable stability (50 h) at 90 °C under demanding water‐free feed conditions, which is superior to that of the reference samples of Mn5O8, Na1.1Mn4O8, MnO2 and Na−MnO2. The experimental results demonstrate that the abundant structure defects (oxygen vacancies) on Na−Mn5O8, which may locate along the phase interfaces / shared‐edges of Mn5O8 nanorods and Na1.1Mn4O8 nanosheets, significantly enhance the active oxygen species and finally contribute to the high activity for HCHO oxidation. Furthermore, the 3D structure of Na−Mn5O8 favors mass transfer and fully exposing active sites for the HCHO adsorption and conversion. These findings reveal a way to enhance the catalytic activity of metal oxides via controlling the intermediate state of heteropical crystals.
Rhodium Nanoparticles as a Novel Photosensitizing Agent in Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer
Authors: Machuca Andres , Garcia‐Calvo Estefania , Anunciação Daniela S. , Luque‐Garcia Jose L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative treatment for different types of cancer due to its high selectivity, which prevents healthy tissues from being damaged. The use of nanomaterials in PDT has several advantages over classical photosensitizing agents, due to their unique properties and their capacity for functionalization. Especially interesting is the use of metallic nanoparticles, which are capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation and either transferring this energy to oxygen molecules for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or dissipating it as heat. Although previous reports have demonstrated the capacity of Rh derivatives to serve as anti‐tumor drugs, to the best of our knowledge there have been no studies on the potential use of small‐sized Rh nanoparticles as photosensitizers in PDT. In this study, 5 nm Rh nanoparticles have been synthesized and their potential in PDT has been evaluated. The results show that treatment with Rh nanoparticles followed by NIR irradiation induces apoptosis in cancer cells through a p53‐independent mechanism.
A three‐dimensional, anatomy‐based nephrometry score to guide nephron‐sparing surgery for renal sinus tumors
Authors: Huang Qingbo , Gu Liangyou , Zhu Jie , Peng Cheng , Du Songliang , Liu Qiming , Chen Jianwen , Wang Baojun , Fan Yang , Gao Yu , Fam Xenginn , Wang Haiyi , Liu Fengyong , Guo Aitao , Li Hongzhao , Zhang Xu , Ma Xin 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundA quantitative nephrometry scoring system specifically for renal sinus tumors will assist in classifying surgical complexity and treatment planning.MethodsBy using preoperative computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 3‐dimensional image reconstruction, 5 critical components were assessed: the ratio of the sinus area occupied by the tumor in relation to the whole sinus area (R), the compression of the renal segmental vessels or collection system by the tumor (O), the anteroposterior relation of the tumor relative to the segmental vessels or collection system (A), the tumor diameter (D), and whether the tumor affects a solitary kidney (S) (“ROADS”). The ROADS score, indicating low, moderate, or high surgical complexity, was then used to guide surgical strategy planning, including cooling techniques, surgical approaches, and parenchyma incision techniques. A cohort of 134 patients with renal sinus tumors was treated based on their ROADS score and was retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe authors successfully performed 113 nephron‐sparing surgeries and 21 radical nephrectomies with a complication rate of 7.9%. During follow‐up, 3 cases were classified according to surgical margin status because they lacked an intact tumor capsule. There was only 1 case of local recurrence, and there were no cases of metastasis. A high ROADS score was correlated with greater operative complexity, such as longer operation and ischemia times and higher estimated blood loss and complication rates. However, renal function and short‐term oncologic outcomes were not related to the score.ConclusionsThe ROADS scoring system provides a standardized, quantitative, 3‐dimensional anatomic classification to guide surgical strategy in renal sinus tumors.
Correlations between imatinib plasma trough concentration and adverse reactions in Chinese patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Xia Yanzhe , Chen Sile , Luo Meijuan , Wu Jingjing , Cai Shirong , He Yulong , Chen Xiao , Zhang Xinhua 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundImatinib is the standard treatment for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), but there is significant variation in imatinib plasma trough concentrations (Cmin) among patients. The imatinib Cmin distribution at different doses and the correlation of adverse reactions with Cmin in Chinese patients with GIST from a high‐volume center were evaluated.MethodsFrom July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018, patients who were receiving imatinib treatment for GIST were prospectively enrolled. Steady‐state blood samples were obtained from patients who had received same‐dose imatinib treatment for ≥1 month with good compliance. Adverse reactions were recorded during regular follow‐up, and blood samples were collected 24 ± 2 hours after dosing. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure drug concentrations.ResultsIn total, 307 patients who received 367 dose levels were investigated. The imatinib Cmin was 1315 ± 716 ng/mL, 2117 ± 597 ng/mL, and 3844 ± 987 ng/mL in patients who were receiving imatinib 400 mg, 600 mg, and 800 mg daily, respectively. The Cmin was significantly correlated with periorbital and limb edema (P < .001), anemia (P < .001), and rash (P = .037). Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and conjunctival hemorrhage also were correlated, but not significantly. A much higher Cmin was observed with severe adverse reactions. There was no correlation between the imatinib Cmin and leukopenia, muscle cramps, or hepatobiliary dysfunction.ConclusionsIn Chinese patients with GIST, the imatinib Cmin was higher than that reported for Western populations, especially at higher doses. The Cmin was correlated with periorbital and limb edema, anemia, and rash, suggesting that monitoring the imatinib Cmin should be considered when patients develop severe adverse reactions caused by excessive imatinib plasma concentrations.
Clinical outcomes of 168 Chinese patients after local surgery for bone metastases arising from advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Dong Yi , Wang Zheng , Lu Xin , Wu Zhenjie , Zhang Zongqin , Yu Yongwei , Peng Fei , Liu Bing , Wang Linhui 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe effectiveness of local surgery for bone metastases (BM) arising from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains uncertain. Herein, the authors performed what to the best of their knowledge is the first investigation of the outcomes of Chinese patients with RCC and BM.MethodsData were collected for 168 patients with RCC and BM who were treated at Changzheng Hospital in Shanghai, China, between March 2009 and December 2018. All patients underwent local surgery for BM arising from RCC. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the interval between the date of local surgery and death or last follow‐up and was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to identify significant prognostic factors.ResultsThe median OS in the study cohort was 43 months (range, 0‐113 months). The 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival rates after surgery were 77.4%, 55.9%, and 31.8%, respectively. Univariate analyses demonstrated significant survival differences associated with sex (P = .003), the number of preoperative metastatic sites (BM alone or BM with concomitant metastasis; P < .001), and the number of BM (single or multiple; P = .008). OS also did not appear to differ regardless of whether the patients received postsurgical targeted therapy. Multivariable Cox regression demonstrated that the following characteristics were independent predictors of OS: the number of preoperative metastatic sites, International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk score, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center score.ConclusionsCareful patient selection for local surgery is of paramount importance. The prognoses of patients in the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center–based and International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium–based poor‐risk groups were much worse than those of the intermediate‐risk groups. In current clinical practice, “stratified treatment” can be performed according to these criteria.
The Affordable Care Act improved health insurance coverage and cardiovascular‐related screening rates for cancer survivors seen in community health centers
Authors: Angier Heather E. , Marino Miguel , Springer Rachel J. , Schmidt Teresa D. , Huguet Nathalie , DeVoe Jennifer E. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThis study assessed the impact of Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion on health insurance rates and receipt of cardiovascular‐related preventive screenings (body mass index, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], low‐density lipoproteins, and blood pressure) for cancer survivors seen in community health centers (CHCs).MethodsThis study identified cancer survivors aged 19 to 64 years with at least 3 CHC visits in 13 states from the Accelerating Data Value Across a National Community Health Center Network (ADVANCE). Via inverse probability of treatment weighting multilevel multinomial modeling, insurance rates before and after the ACA were estimated by whether a patient lived in a state that expanded Medicaid, and changes between a pre‐ACA time period and 2 post‐ACA time periods were assessed.ResultsThe weighted estimated sample size included 409 cancer survivors in nonexpansion states and 2650 in expansion states. In expansion states, the proportion of uninsured cancer survivors decreased significantly from 20.3% in 2012‐2013 to 4.5%in 2016‐2017, and the proportion of those with Medicaid coverage increased significantly from 38.8% to 55.6%. In nonexpansion states, there was a small decrease in uninsurance rates (from 33.6% in 2012‐2013 to 22.5% in 2016‐2017). Cardiovascular‐related preventive screening rates increased over time in both expansion and nonexpansion states: HbA1c rates nearly doubled from the pre‐ACA period (2012‐2013) to the post‐ACA period (2016‐2017) in expansion states (from 7.2% to 12.8%) and nonexpansion states (from 9.3% to 16.8%).ConclusionsThis study found a substantial decline in uninsured visits among cancer survivors in Medicaid expansion states. Yet, 1 in 5 cancer survivors living in a state that did not expand Medicaid remained uninsured. Several ACA provisions likely worked together to increase cardiovascular‐related preventive screening rates for cancer survivors seen in CHCs.
Stabilized hybrid discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the cardiac monodomain equation
Authors: Rocha Bernardo Martins , dos Santos Rodrigo Weber , Igreja Iury , Loula Abimael F. D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNumerical methods for solving the cardiac electrophysiology model, which describes the electrical activity in the heart, are proposed. The model problem consists of a nonlinear reaction‐diffusion partial differential equation coupled to systems of ordinary differential equations that describes electrochemical reactions in cardiac cells. The proposed methods combine an operator splitting technique for the reaction‐diffusion equation with primal hybrid methods for spatial discretization considering continuous or discontinuous approximations for the Lagrange multiplier. A static condensation is adopted to form a reduced global system in terms of the multiplier only. Convergence studies exhibit optimal rates of convergence and numerical experiments show that the proposed schemes can be more efficient than standard numerical techniques commonly used in this context when preconditioned iterative methods are used for the solution of linear systems.
An improved artificial bee colony algorithm based on elite search strategy with segmentation application on robot vision system
Authors: Lu Rong , Yang Zeyu , Gao Chuyi , Xi Maolong , Zhang Yang , Xiong Jian , Pun Chi‐Man , Gao Hao 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAiming at accelerating the convergence speed and enhancing relative poor local search ability of the traditional artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), this article introduces an ABC with a new elite search strategy. First, we propose a strategy of recording individuals with high performance. Then bees have more chances to learn from a real elite. In the onlooked bee phase, its updating equation is changed for having more opportunities to search in a valuable area. Furthermore, for saving the value of function evaluations, a new learning equation for the best onlooked bee is proposed. The image segmentation of a robot binocular stereo vision system is a key problem in mechanical robot vision system, but the computation time limits its application. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance on 10 benchmark functions and the image segmentation problem of mechanical robot in comparison with several other state of the art algorithms.
Bis(α‐hydroxycycloalkyl)phosphine Oxides Obtained from White Phosphorus via Phosphine Oxide H3PO: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Coordination Properties and Biological Activity
Authors: Gorbachuk Elena , Badeeva Elena , Gubaidullin Aidar , Samigullina Aida , Voloshina Alexandra , Sapunova Anastasiia , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Sinyashin Oleg , Yakhvarov Dmitry 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReaction of the electrochemically in situ from elemental white phosphorus generated phosphine oxide H3PO in a single electrochemical cell, supplied with lead cathode and aluminium anode, with cyclic ketones (cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone) results in formation of secondary phosphine oxides (bis(α‐hydroxycyclopentyl)phosphine oxide 2 a, isolated yield 15 %, and bis(α‐hydroxycyclohexyl)phosphine oxide 2 b, isolated yield 12 %) with two α‐hydroxycycloalkyl substituents at the phosphorus atom. Bis(α‐hydroxycyclopentyl)phosphine oxide reacts with [PdCl2(COD)] (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) to give a new palladium complex trans‐[PdCl2{P(OH)(cyclo‐C5H8‐1‐OH)2}2] (3 a, isolated yield 11 %) bearing phosphinous acid as a ligand formed via tautomerization of the phosphine oxide. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the synthesized secondary phosphine oxides on tumor and healthy human cell lines was studied. It was found that at a concentration of 10−6–10−4 M, phosphine oxides 2 a,b exhibit similar IC50 values for the M‐Hela cell line (ca. 50 mM), but are non‐toxic for MCF‐7 cells. For human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells (A‐549), only 2 a is active (ca. 35 mM), while 2 b is not toxic.
Chemisorption‐Induced and Plasmon‐Promoted Photofixation of Nitrogen on Gold‐Loaded Carbon Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Wu Shiqun , Chen Ziyu , Liu Kaida , Yue Wenhui , Wang Lingzhi , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic fixation of nitrogen is a promising method for green conversion of solar light, but has been substantially limited by inefficient activation of the nonpolar N≡N bond and the poor utilization of visible light. In this study, carbon nitride nanosheet composites with abundant nitrogen vacancies and strong plasmonic resonance absorption of visible light have been fabricated through the combination of hydrogen treatment and loading of Au nanoparticles. Ammonia yields of 184 μmol g−1and 93 μmol g−1are obtained without any sacrificial agent under full‐light and visible‐light irradiation, respectively. In particular, the visible‐light activity is enhanced tenfold with the help of Au. Combining the experimental results and theoretical calculations, both the hydrogen treatment and Au loading help form nitrogen vacancies on the carbon nitride nanosheets, which promote N2activation by enhancing the chemisorption. Furthermore, the Au loading further improves the nitrogen reduction efficiency through charging the excited hot electrons formed from the surface plasmonic resonance to the adsorbed N2molecules.
A mathematical framework for effective routing over low power and lossy networks
Authors: Damaj Issam W. , Mardini Wail E. , Mouftah Hussein T. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWith the rapid advancement in the Internet of things, protocols are challenged to perform routing with low power over lossy networks (RPLs). Performance analysis of RPL attracted many researchers in the field. However, to the best of our knowledge, limited or no studies have been made to develop heterogeneous analytical models that aim at the classification and ranking of RPL deployments based on combinations of desired properties. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework that captures the effectiveness of RPL and enables its sound evaluation and classification. Performance metrics include power consumption, churn in, received packets, and duty cycle, to name but a few. The obtained results based on our analytical framework confirms its effectiveness compared to the simulation results obtained in the literature. The best performance is noted for the deployments with 50 m of range and for different number of nodes.