bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Flow Data in an Area of the Eastern Southern Basin and Range in Arizona Contribute to an Analysis of Neogene Lithosphere Thinning Greater than 100 Km
Authors: Reiter Marshall 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Heat flow data and thermochronologic derived paleotemperature gradient data are examined to calculate heat flow ~25 Ma and, at present, for a southern Basin and Range location north of Tucson, Arizona. An increase in the surface heat flow is estimated from ~25 Ma to the present; changing from ~47 to ~83 mW m-2. Steady-state conduction temperature vs. depth profiles provide estimates of lithosphere thicknesses both for the present and for ~25 Ma. Different heat transfer models for present heat flow predict present LAB depth that agrees with seismic studies. From these temperature profiles, lithosphere thinning from ~184 km to ~70 km is suggested during the Neogene. Mantle lithosphere thinning caused by thermal phenomena is likely a fundamental driving force for southern Basin and Range extension. Because the mantle lithosphere has likely thinned much more than the crust, it is shown that additional vertical advection, such as an asthenosphere plume, delaminating part of the mantle lithosphere, convection cells, and rising magmas along conduits, add to the vertical advection component of upper mantle lithosphere extension. Interestingly, values of heat flow 25 Ma, lithosphere thicknesses 25 Ma, and Neogene lithosphere thinning are somewhat similar for the Four Corners area of the Colorado Plateau and the southern Basin and Range, even though Neogene tectonic development was quite different, i.e., no Neogene extension in the Colorado Plateau vs. ~57% in the southern Basin and Range. Neogene lithosphere thinning phenomena are likely different in the two regions.
La calidad de vida laboral de los tenderos
Authors: Correa Bernal Daniela , Martínez Castaño Fanor Andrés , Nieto Ramírez Mariana , Sarmiento Triviño German Steven 
Published: September 2020

Los tenderos de Bogotá tienen, en su mayoría, estilos de vida que no les permite disfrutar de una calidad de vida estándar. Los horarios extendidos, no tomar vacaciones, trabajar y vivir en el mismo lugar, la no escolaridad, la mezcla de las finanzas del negocio con las finanzas personales, entre otros factores, son los hechos que no permiten a los tenderos disfrutar de espacios de esparcimiento, compartir con sus familias ni superarse profesionalmente. Es por esto que en el marco del plan de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Económico de Bogotá que pretende capacitar a los tenderos de las localidades más vulnerables de la ciudad, se realizó una encuesta cuyos resultados se analizaran en este trabajo.
Dentro de los resultados de este estudio se encontró que el tiempo demandado por la labor del tendero es el factor que más influye en que no pueda tener un nivel de calidad de vida estándar. Esto sumado al hecho de que la mayoría de ellos trabajan en el mismo lugar en el que residen y abren la tienda todos los días, lo cual no permite la existencia de otros espacios de esparcimiento o de realización de otro tipo de actividades.
Spectral filtering of photovoltaic cells using novel bio-filter: silver-coated Ixora extract using water as a solution
Authors: Emetere Moses E. , Nehemiah Adeyemo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Over the years, it has been noticed that there is a rising interest in spectral filtering to increase the overall efficiency or output of photovoltaic solar systems. Meanwhile methods for comparing the performance of spectral filtering and the effects of optical spectral filter design on system performance are not well developed. This research emphasizes on two areas, that is, to screen plant extract to serve as a coating to elongate the life span or improve the efficiency of solar cells, to test for the different spectral incident on solar cells and to apply silver-coated plant extract to filter spectral hitting the PV cells. The parameters (voltage, current, and radiation) obtained during the experiment indicate the benefit of using plant extract to coat the PV cells’ surface. Data are obtained to assess the performance of experimental spectral filters in different spectral filtering configurations. The result shows that the efficiency of the PV cell increased by 8%. This research has shown that these spectra filtering method is viable. Hence, it is recommended that solar companies concentrate on the protective layer to improve solar cell efficiency.
Approaches for the evaluation of future-oriented technologies and concepts in the field of water reuse and desalination
Authors: Wencki Kristina , Thöne Verena , Ante Angela , Hogen Tobias , Hohmann Claudia , Tettenborn Felix , Pohl Dagmar , Preiss Philipp , Jungfer Christina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Against the background of drastically rising global water demand and increasing pollution and overexploitation of regional water resources, the demand-driven water supply of households and industry is of central importance. Water reuse and desalination are seen as key technologies to overcome potential regional and local water shortage. In the joint projects funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) ‘Future-oriented Technologies and Concepts to Increase Water Availability by Water Reuse and Desalination (WavE)’, evaluation approaches for analysing innovative technologies and concepts are being developed and assessed. All evaluation methods and criteria used were selected based on the decision situation at hand and the decision-makers preferences. Based on the analysis of six multi-criteria evaluation concepts used in selected WavE projects, this paper presents a general approach for comparative multi-criteria evaluation of water reuse systems consisting of prerequisites, minimum requirements, evaluation criteria (qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative) and a final aggregation of results. Exemplary sets of criteria for the application in a more industrial, municipal and/or international context are presented as an aid for the application of holistic evaluation approaches for (process) concept and technology selection in the context of water reuse and desalination.
Creation of Retinal Vein Occlusion Model in Cynomolgus Monkeys and Determination of its Pathological Features
Authors: Inagaki Satoshi , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Otsu Wataru , Araki Tomoaki , Numata Yosuke , Nakamura Shinsuke , Tsusaki Hideshi , Hara Hideaki 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
A retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a relatively common retinal vascular disorder,
especially in the elderly. Many experiments have been performed on patients with an RVO but
performing any type of experiments and especially longitudinal experiments on humans is difficult,
if not impossible, on ethical grounds. Therefore, we have created a retinal vein occlusion (RVO)
model by laser irradiation of cynomolgus monkeys after intravenous injection of rose bengal. We
evaluated the pathological changes of the retina, and the effects of ranibizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) antibody, on the characteristics of the RVO.

Methods:
The integrity of the vascular system was evaluated by fluorescein angiography (FA), and
the retinal thickness and volume were determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The cytokines
and growth factors in the aqueous humour were identified by multiplex profiling.

Results:
Our results showed that ranibizumab decreased the degree of vascular leakage and retinal
edema at 1-3 days (acute phase) and 3-7 days (subacute phase), and suppressed foveal thinning at
28-42 days (chronic phase) after the laser irradiation. Ranibizumab also decreased the area of the
foveal avascular zone, and the area was negatively and significantly correlated with the thickness
of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) complex. Furthermore, ranibizumab reduced the increased expression
of VEGF in the aqueous humor, but did not affect the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6),
monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), or angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2).
These findings suggest that ranibizumab attenuates the retinal edema and subsequent retinal atrophy
in part by neutralizing VEGF. However, other cytokines and growth factors were also affected
by the ranibizumab, which suggests that not only VEGF but also other unidentified agents might
play a role in the pathogenesis of the RVO.

Conclusion:
We have created a non-human primate RVO model, which resembles the clinical
RVO pathology. In this model, an injection of ranibizumab leads to a reduction in vascular leakage
and the retinal thickness and volume by blocking the expression of VEGF. Our model might be useful
for investigating the pathological mechanisms of RVOs and explore new therapeutic agents for
RVO.
Adenosine Receptor Modulation of Hypoxic-ischemic Injury in Striatum of Newborn Piglets
Authors: Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Jones Brandy , Mendez-Ruiz Alan , Shah Pankhil , Torbey Michel T. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of pediatric and
adult mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, to date, no effective treatment has been identified. In
the striatum, neuronal injury is analogous to the cellular mechanism of necrosis observed during NMethyl-
D-Aspartate (NMDA) excitotoxicity. Adenosine acts as a neuromodulator in the central nervous
system, the role of which relies mostly on controlling excitatory glutamatergic synapses.

Objective:
To examine the effect of pretreatment of SCH58261, an adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor
antagonist and modulator of NMDA receptor function, following hypoxic-ischemia (HI) on sodium-
potassium ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase) activity and oxidative stress.

Methods:
Piglets (4-7 days old) were subjected to 30 min hypoxia and 7 min of airway occlusion
producing asphyxic cardiac arrest. Groups were divided into four categories: HI samples were divided
into HI-vehicle group (n = 5) and HI-A2A group (n = 5). Sham controls were divided into
Sham vehicle (n = 5) and Sham A2A (n = 5) groups. Vehicle groups were pretreated with 0.9% saline,
whereas A2A animals were pretreated with SCH58261 10 min prior to intervention. Striatum
samples were collected 3 h post-arrest. Sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase) activity,
malondialdehyde (MDA) + 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were compared.

Results:
Pretreatment with SCH58261 significantly attenuated the decrease in Na+, K+-ATPase, decreased
MDA+4-HDA levels and increased GSH in the HI-A2A group when compared to HIvehicle.

Conclusion:
A2A receptor activation may contribute to neuronal injury in newborn striatum after
HI in association with decreased Na+, K+-ATPase activity and increased oxidative stress.
Targeting Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Celli Roberta , Fornai Francesco 
Published: September 2020

Background:
A dysfunction in glutamate neurotransmission is critical for seizure. Glutamate
is the major excitatory drive in the cerebral cortex, where seizures occur. Glutamate acts via
(i) ionotropic (iGlu) receptors, which are ligand-gated ion channels mediating fast excitatory synaptic
transmission; and (ii) G proteins coupled metabotropic (mGlu) receptors.

Objective:
To overview the evidence on the role of iGlu receptors in the onset, duration, and severity
of convulsive and non-convulsive seizures to lay the groundwork for novel strategies for drug-resistant
epilepsy.

Methods:
We used PubMed crossed-search for “glutamate receptor and epilepsy” (sorting 3,170 reports), searched for “ionotropic glutamate receptors”, “AMPA receptors”, “NMDA receptors”, “kainate receptors”, “convulsive seizures”, “absence
epilepsy”, and selected those papers focusing this Review’s scope.

Results:
iGlu receptor antagonists inhibit, whereas agonists worsen experimental seizures in various
animal species. Clinical development of iGlu receptor antagonists has been limited by the occurrence
of adverse effects caused by inhibition of fast excitatory synaptic transmission. To date,
only one drug (perampanel) selectively targeting iGlu receptors is marketed for the treatment of focal
epilepsy. However, other drugs, such as topiramate and felbamate, inhibit iGlu receptors in addition
to other mechanisms.

Conclusion:
This review is expected to help dissecting those steps induced by iGlu receptors activation, which may be altered to provide antiepileptic efficacy without altering key physiological brain functions, thus improving safety and tolerability of iGlu-receptor directed antiepileptic agents. This effort mostly applies to drug resistant seizures, which impact the
quality of life and often lead to status epilepticus, which is a medical urgency.
The accused's right to the confidentiality of correspondence circulating between him and his agent
Authors: Aziz Sardar Ali 
Published: September 2020

بما أن الأصل في المتهم براءته لحين ثبوت إدانته بأدلة قانونية سليمة ، وهذا المبدأ يتطلب أن يتم ضمانة الحقوق الأساسية للمتهم أثناء سير الدعوى الجزائية وعدم التقيد منها إلا في أضيق الحدود .
ومن أهم الحقوق التی حرص المواثیق الدولیة ودساتیر الدول على ضرورة کفالتها للمتهم عبارة عن حق الدفاع والتی من أبرز مظاهرها عبارة عن الإستعانة بمحام و لا يجدي هذا الحق نفعاً للمتهم إن لم تكن المراسلات والإتصالات المتبادلة بينه وبين وكيله محاطة بالسرية ، لذلك أن حصانة هذه المراسلات ترجع الى حق المتهم في الدفاع عن نفسه بكامل الحرية ولذلك لا يجوز ضبط المراسلات المتبادلة بین المتهم ووکیله او صورها اينما وجدت لإستخدامها ضد المتهم .
رغم أن هذا الحق أي سرية المراسلات المتداولة بين المتهم ووكيله يضمن الإستفادة من حق الإستعانة بمحام بالصورة التي أرادها المشرع ، إلا أنه لم يرد الإشارة الى هذا الحق للمتهم في قانون أصول المحاكمات الجزائية والذي رسم إجراءات التحقيق والمحاكمة وضمانات المتهم فيها ، ولذلك إقترحنا بإضافة نص الى قانون أصول المحاكمات الجزائية يشير وبشکل صریح على أن تحاط المراسلات المتبادلة بين المتهم ووكيله بالسرية وعدم جواز ضبطها لإعتمادها لإدانة المتهم .
Determinan Sosial Perilaku Merokok Pelajar di Indonesia: Analisis Data Global Youth Tobacco Survey Tahun 2014
Authors: Jamal Hudriani , Abdullah Andi Zulkifili , Abdullah Muh Tahir 
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang: Merokok merupakan penyebab kematian utama di dunia yang dapat dicegah. Sebagian besar perokok mulai merokok saat remaja. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosial dengan perilaku merokok pelajar di Indonesia.Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosial dengan perilaku merokok pelajar di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) di Indonesia Tahun 2014. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh pelajar kelas 7-9 di Indonesia yang berpartisipasi dalam GYTS 2014 dan memiliki data lengkap yakni 5093 orang. Analisis uji statistik regresi logistik digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosial dengan perilaku merokok.Hasil: Angka pelajar yang merokok adalah 14,7%. Penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok (OR=5,395, 95%CI: 3,072-9,477), status merokok orang tua (OR=1,561, 95%CI: 1,287-1,892), memiliki teman yang merokok (OR=11,662, 95%CI: 7,243-18,777) dan memiliki guru yang merokok (OR=1,557, 95%CI: 1,295-1,873) signifikan berhubungan dengan perilaku merokok pelajar. Namun, perilaku merokok tidak berhubungan dengan edukasi bahaya merokok (OR=0,987, 95%CI: 0,0,696-1,374).Kesimpulan: Terdapat prevalensi merokok yang tinggi pada pelajar. Penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok secara komprehensif dan pelajar yang memiliki teman yang merokok harus menjadi target utama pencegahan dan pengendalian perilaku merokok pelajar di Indonesia.
UAV Control Based on Dual LQR and Fuzzy-PID Controller
Authors: A. Al-Isawi Malik M. , Attiya Adnan J. , ADOGHE Julius O. 
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the design of a longitudinal controller for an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This paper proposed the dual loop (inner-outer loop) control based on the intelligent algorithm. The inner feedback loop controller is a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to provide robust (adaptive) stability. In contrast, the outer loop controller is based on Fuzzy-PID (Proportional, Integral, and Derivative) algorithm to provide reference signal tracking. The proposed dual controller is to control the position (altitude) and velocity (airspeed) of an aircraft. An adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (AUKF) is employed to track the reference signal and is decreased the Gaussian noise. The mathematical model of aircraft has been (Cessna 172) presented. The stability and robustness of the system have been verified in a simulation experiment.
Assessing the Benefit of Student Self-Generated Multiple-Choice Questions on Examination Performance
Authors: Geiger Marshall A. , Middleton Mary M. , Tahseen Maryam 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Prior non-accounting research has generally concluded that students obtain performance benefits from self-generating multiple choice questions (MCQs). We examine accounting students completing an extra-credit assignment to self-generate MCQs and its association with examination performance gains. Using students from a large public and small/medium-sized private university, across multiple courses and semesters, we find that students completing the assignment did not outperform students in the same courses, with the same instructors, not offered the assignment. We find that these results hold across students of all initial performance quartiles. Our results suggest that prior educational research may overestimate the benefits of MCQ self-generation by not performing appropriate control group comparisons. We provide evidence that voluntary self-generation of MCQs may be a way to identify students seeking to improve their course performance, but in and of itself it may not be an effective method to improve student performance on MCQ examinations.
Data Availability: Data are available upon request, after the completion of a related study.
JEL Classifications: M49.
Honesty in Personal Tax Reporting: Ethical Prompts, Individual Factors, and Tax Reform
Authors: Bailey Charles D. , Plečnik James M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
This study focuses on whether an ethical prompt, adapted from Mazar et al. (2008), can reduce easily concealed tax evasion—i.e., tax evasion relating to cash-based income for which the IRS relies on voluntary compliance. We also consider the “Dark Triad” personality traits and other individual attitudes and characteristics that may drive or predict tax evasion intentions. We unexpectedly find that ethical prompts do not affect intent to engage in tax evasion, but our result is consistent with a newly released large-scale replication project that fails to find an effect for this much-discussed religious/ethical prompt, and the power of our test is about 80 percent. Of the variables studied, only psychopathy, commitment to the process of taxation, and fear of punishment predict intent to evade. These findings are consistent across two samples, taken both before and after the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
Data Availability: The data for this study are available upon request from the authors.
Replacement of Red and Processed Meat With Other Food Sources of Protein and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations: The EPIC-InterAct Study
Authors: Ibsen Daniel B. , Steur Marinka , Imamura Fumiaki , Overvad Kim , Schulze Matthias B. , Bendinelli Benedetta , Guevara Marcela , Agudo Antonio , Amiano Pilar , Aune Dagfinn , Barricarte Aurelio , Ericson Ulrika , Fagherazzi Guy , Franks Paul W. , Freisling Heinz , Quiros Jose R. , Grioni Sara , Heath Alicia K. , Huybrechts Inge , Katze Verena , Laouali Nasser , Mancini Francesca , Masala Giovanna , Olsen Anja , Papier Keren , Ramne Stina , Rolandsson Olov , Sacerdote Carlotta , Sánchez Maria-José , Santiuste Carmen , Simeon Vittorio , Spijkerman Annemieke M.W. , Srour Bernard , Tjønneland Anne , Tong Tammy Y.N. , Tumino Rosario , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Wittenbecher Clemens , Sharp Stephen J. , Riboli Elio , Forouhi Nita G. , Wareham Nick J. 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE
There is sparse evidence for the association of suitable food substitutions for red and processed meat on the risk of type 2 diabetes. We modeled the association between replacing red and processed meat with other protein sources and the risk of type 2 diabetes and estimated its population impact.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-InterAct case cohort included 11,741 individuals with type 2 diabetes and a subcohort of 15,450 participants in eight countries. We modeled the replacement of self-reported red and processed meat with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, cheese, cereals, yogurt, milk, and nuts. Country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for incident type 2 diabetes were estimated by Prentice-weighted Cox regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS
There was a lower hazard for type 2 diabetes for the modeled replacement of red and processed meat (50 g/day) with cheese (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.97) (30 g/day), yogurt (0.90, 0.86–0.95) (70 g/day), nuts (0.90, 0.84–0.96) (10 g/day), or cereals (0.92, 0.88–0.96) (30 g/day) but not for replacements with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, or milk. If a causal association is assumed, replacing red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt, or nuts could prevent 8.8%, 8.3%, or 7.5%, respectively, of new cases of type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Replacement of red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt, nuts, or cereals was associated with a lower rate of type 2 diabetes. Substituting red and processed meat by other protein sources may contribute to the prevention of incident type 2 diabetes in European populations.
Impacto de una estrategia b-learning en las competencias digitales y estilos de aprendizaje de estudiantes de enfermería
Authors: Palomé-Vega Gabriela , Escudero-Nahón Alexandro , Juárez Lira Alberto 
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue implementar el uso del b-learning en un curso para analizar el impacto en las competencias digitales y los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la licenciatura en Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. El estudio fue cuantitativo y cuasi-experimental. Se seleccionó un grupo de 54 estudiantes y la recolección de la información se efectuó en tres etapas: 1) se realizó una preprueba mediante la aplicación del Cuestionario para el estudio de la Competencia Digital del Estudiante de Educación Superior (CDAES) y del Cuestionario Honey-Alonso sobre Estilos de Aprendizaje (Chaea); 2) implementación del b-learning en un curso, y 3) se efectuó la posprueba con el CDAES para conocer los efectos de la intervención. Los resultados muestran que el uso del b-learning impactó en las competencias digitales de los estudiantes. La mayor diferencia se logró en la Dimensión 1 (Alfabetización tecnológica) y en la Dimensión 4 (Comunicación y colaboración). Según el género, sin contar un par de excepciones, no existe una diferencia significativa en la comparación de competencias digitales. El impacto más considerable en las competencias digitales lo presentan las mujeres en la Dimensión 1 (Alfabetización tecnológica) con un promedio de 15 unidades. El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple mostró la existencia de una relación entre ser mujer, los años de uso de la computadora y la Dimensión 6 (Creatividad e innovación) posintervención. El estilo de aprendizaje predominante en las mujeres fue el reflexivo (52.6 %) y en los hombres este (25 %) y el reflexivo-pragmático (25 %). Del estudio se puede concluir que el b-learning favorece el desarrollo de competencias digitales, así como la adopción de otros estilos de aprendizaje. Además, promueve gradualmente el trabajo colaborativo de los estudiantes. Finalmente, las instituciones de educación superior para la formación de recursos de enfermería deben elaborar un plan integral que incluya un diagnóstico de competencias digitales y estilos de aprendizaje para la adopción de un uso efectivo y equitativo de la tecnología digital.