bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
George IV and William IV in their Relations with the Church of England
Authors: Dixon Nicholas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
George IV and William IV have long been represented as fundamentally pleasure-seeking monarchs who had little or no interest in religion. However, this assumption has never been sustained by detailed evidence. This article comprehensively challenges the stereotype by presenting the regency and reign of George IV together with William IV’s reign as a distinct and significant period in the relationship between the British monarchy and the Church of England. Three main aspects of this relationship are considered: George IV and William IV’s private commitments as manifested in court religion, the political actions of these monarchs in relation to the established church and their encouragement of Anglican church building and educational projects. The article draws upon a wide range of neglected sources, and especially the private correspondence and memoirs of those closest to George IV and William IV. Most notably, it introduces into the discussion the extensive and revealing autobiography of George IV’s chaplain Hugh Pearson, which has received scant attention from historians until now. From such sources, there emerges a picture of royal interaction with Anglicanism that almost entirely overturns the conventional view. Not only were the two last Hanoverian kings interested in religion; their Anglican beliefs directed much of their public and private conduct. This reinterpretation has important implications for our understanding of monarchy, religion and political culture in pre-Victorian England.
Health promotion and primary prevention in 21 European countries
Authors: Barnfield A , Savolainen N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It has been estimated that chronic diseases cost EU economies €115 billion or 0.8% of GDP annually. Approximately 70% to 80% of health care budgets are spent on treating chronic diseases. There is a wealth of knowledge within EU Member States on effective ways to prevent chronic diseases and promote health and wellbeing. There is great potential to reduce the burden by making better use of this knowledge as we know that the majority of chronic diseases can be prevented, or their onset delayed.
In order to unlock this knowledge we have compiled health promotion landscape reports from twenty-one European countries involved in the Joint Action CHRODIS PLUS. This paper will present the current actions, policies, and programmes that European countries are currently undertaking in health promotion. It is based on responses to a specially designed questionnaire that asked countries to assess their good practices, identify their gaps and needs, and outline their policy contexts and capacity in relation to health promotion. This paper makes four key conclusions: (1) health promotion across Europe receives limited attention from policy makers; (2) there is a division between medical and social approaches to health and health in all policies needs to be fully implemented more widely in more countries in Europe; (3) there is not enough funding for health promotion; (4) health promotion needs further operationalisation to facilitate easier monitoring and value assessment.
The need to develop mechanisms to share information, examples of good practice, and support for capacity development in health promotion and primary prevention is a shared goal across European countries. The Joint Action CHRODIS PLUS will lead the effort in implementing good practices, exploring inter- and intra-sectoral collaboration, and encouraging resilient and better informed investment in health promotion and primary prevention. The country reviews and this paper are a first step in that direction.
Nurse Aide Retention in Nursing Homes
Authors: Castle Nicholas G , Hyer Kathryn , Harris John A , Engberg John 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The association of nurse aide retention with three quality indicators is examined. Retention is defined as the proportion of staff continuously employed in the same facility for a defined period of time.

Research Design and Methods
Data used in this investigation came from survey responses from 3,550 nursing facilities, Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting data, and the Area Resource File. Staffing characteristics, quality indicators, facility, and market information from these data sources were all measured in 2016. Nurse aide retention was measured at 1, 2, and 3 years of employment. The quality indicators examined were a count of all deficiency citations, quality of care deficiency citations, and J, K, L deficiency citations. Negative binomial regression analyses were used to study the associations between the three different retention measures and these three quality indicators.

Results
The 1-, 2-, and 3-year nurse aide retention measures were 53.2%, 41.4%, and 36.1%, respectively. The regression analyses show low levels of retention to be generally associated with poor performance on the three deficiency citation quality indicators examined.

Discussion and Implications
The research presented starts to provide information on nurse aide retention as an important workforce challenge and its potential impact on quality. Retention may be an additional staffing characteristic of nursing facilities with substantial policy and practice relevance.
Two New Species of Taygetina With a Possible Case of ‘Juxta Loss’ in Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Authors: Nakahara Shinichi , Matos-Maraví Pável , Barbosa Eduardo P , Willmott Keith R , Lamas Gerardo , Freitas André V L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The male genitalic characters of Hexapoda are well known for their great taxonomic and systematic value. Despite insect male genitalia displaying large diversity, variation, and modification across orders, some structures are consistently present, and such characters can serve as the basis for discussion regarding homology. In the order Lepidoptera, a male genitalic structure widely known as the ‘juxta’ is present in many taxa and absence or modification of this character can be phylogenetically informative at the generic or higher level. We here focus on the systematics of the so-called ‘Taygetis clade’ within the nymphalid subtribe Euptychiina, and report an unusual case of ‘juxta loss’ in a single species, Taygetina accacioi Nakahara & Freitas, n. sp., a new species from Brazil named and described herein. Additionally, we describe another west Amazonian Taygetina Forster, 1964 species, namely Taygetina brocki Lamas & Nakahara, n. sp., in order to better document the species diversity of Taygetina. Our most up-to-date comprehensive molecular phylogeny regarding ‘Taygetis clade’ recovered these two species as members of a monophyletic Taygetina, reinforcing the absence of juxta being a character state change occurring in a single lineage, resulting in an apomorphic condition, which we report here as a rare case in butterflies (Papilionoidea).
Gene Duplication Accelerates the Pace of Protein Gain and Loss from Plant Organelles
Authors: Costello Rona , Emms David M , Kelly Steven 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganelle biogenesis and function is dependent on the concerted action of both organellar-encoded (if present) and nuclear-encoded proteins. Differences between homologous organelles across the Plant Kingdom arise, in part, as a result of differences in the cohort of nuclear-encoded proteins that are targeted to them. However, neither the rate at which differences in protein targeting accumulate nor the evolutionary consequences of these changes are known. Using phylogenomic approaches coupled to ancestral state estimation, we show that the plant organellar proteome has diversified in proportion with molecular sequence evolution such that the proteomes of plant chloroplasts and mitochondria lose or gain on average 3.6 proteins per million years. We further demonstrate that changes in organellar protein targeting are associated with an increase in the rate of molecular sequence evolution and that such changes predominantly occur in genes with regulatory rather than metabolic functions. Finally, we show that gain and loss of protein target signals occurs at a higher rate following gene duplication, revealing that gene and genome duplication are a key facilitator of plant organelle evolution.
Objectively measured sleep and telomere length in a population-based cohort of children and midlife adults
Authors: Nguyen Minh Thien , Lycett Kate , Olds Timothy , Matricciani Lisa , Vryer Regan , Ranganathan Sarath , Burgner David , Saffery Richard , Wake Melissa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStudy ObjectivesPoor sleep patterns in older adults are associated with chromosomal telomere shortening, a marker of cellular senescence. However, studies have relied on self-reported sleep characteristics, with few data for younger individuals. We investigated whether sleep measured via actigraphy was cross-sectionally associated with telomere length in children and midlife adults.MethodsA population-based sample of 1874 11–12 year olds and midlife adults (mean age 44 years, SD 5.1) had biological and physical assessments at centers across Australia in 2015–2016. Sleep characteristics, including duration, onset, offset, day-to-day variability, and efficiency, were derived from actigraphy. Relative telomere length (T/S ratio) was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on genomic DNA from peripheral blood. Multivariable regression models estimated associations, adjusting for prespecified confounders.ResultsBoth sleep and telomere data were available for 728 children and 1070 adults. Mean (SD) T/S ratio was 1.09 (0.55) in children and 0.81 (0.38) in adults. T/S ratio was not predicted by sleep duration (β 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.02 to 0.09, p = .16, children; β −0.004, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.02, p = .70, adults) or most other sleep metrics. The only exception was a weak association between later sleep timing (the midpoint of sleep onset and offset) and longer telomeres in adults (β 0.03, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.06, p = .01).ConclusionsObjective sleep characteristics show no convincing associations with telomere length in two largely healthy populations up to at least midlife. Sleep–telomere associations may be a late-life occurrence or may present only with a trigger such as presence of other morbidities.
Pragmatic measures for implementation research: development of the Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale (PAPERS)
Authors: Stanick Cameo F , Halko Heather M , Nolen Elspeth A , Powell Byron J , Dorsey Caitlin N , Mettert Kayne D , Weiner Bryan J , Barwick Melanie , Wolfenden Luke , Damschroder Laura J , Lewis Cara C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of reliable, valid measures in implementation practice will remain limited without pragmatic measures. Previous research identified the need for pragmatic measures, though the characteristic identification used only expert opinion and literature review. Our team completed four studies to develop a stakeholder-driven pragmatic rating criteria for implementation measures. We published Studies 1 (identifying dimensions of the pragmatic construct) and 2 (clarifying the internal structure) that engaged stakeholders—participants in mental health provider and implementation settings—to identify 17 terms/phrases across four categories: Useful, Compatible, Acceptable, and Easy. This paper presents Studies 3 and 4: a Delphi to ascertain stakeholder-prioritized dimensions within a mental health context, and a pilot study applying the rating criteria. Stakeholders (N = 26) participated in a Delphi and rated the relevance of 17 terms/phrases to the pragmatic construct. The investigator team further defined and shortened the list, which were piloted with 60 implementation measures. The Delphi confirmed the importance of all pragmatic criteria, but provided little guidance on relative importance. The investigators removed or combined terms/phrases to obtain 11 criteria. The 6-point rating system assigned to each criterion demonstrated sufficient variability across items. The grey literature did not add critical information. This work produced the first stakeholder-driven rating criteria to assess whether measures are pragmatic. The Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale (PAPERS) combines the pragmatic criteria with psychometric rating criteria, from previous work. Use of PAPERS can inform development of implementation measures and to assess the quality of existing measures.
How intensive longitudinal data can stimulate advances in health behavior maintenance theories and interventions
Authors: Dunton Genevieve F , Rothman Alexander J , Leventhal Adam M , Intille Stephen S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Interventions that promote long-term maintenance of behaviors such as exercise, healthy eating, and avoidance of tobacco and excessive alcohol are critical to reduce noncommunicable disease burden. Theories of health behavior maintenance tend to address reactive (i.e., automatic) or reflective (i.e., deliberative) decision-making processes, but rarely both. Progress in this area has been stalled by theories that say little about when, why, where, and how reactive and reflective systems interact to promote or derail a positive health behavior change. In this commentary, we discuss factors influencing the timing and circumstances under which an individual may shift between the two systems such as (a) limited availability of psychological assets, (b) interruption in exposure to established contextual cues, and (c) lack of intrinsic or appetitive motives. To understand the putative factors that regulate the interface between these systems, research methods are needed that are able to capture properties such as (a) fluctuation over short periods of time, (b) change as a function of time, (c) context dependency, (d) implicit and physiological channels, and (e) idiographic phenomenology. These properties are difficult to assess with static, cross-sectional, laboratory-based, or retrospective research methods. We contend that intensive longitudinal data (ILD) collection and analytic strategies such as smartphone and sensor-based real-time activity and location monitoring, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), machine learning, and systems modeling are well-positioned to capture and interpret within-person shifts between reactive and reflective systems underlying behavior maintenance. We conclude with examples of how ILD can accelerate the development of theories and interventions to sustain health behavior over the long term.
The Impact of Information Sharing on the Use of Collateral versus Guarantees
Authors: De Haas Ralph , Millone Matteo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study exploits contract-level data from Bosnia and Herzegovina to assess the impact of a new credit registry on the use of borrower collateral versus third-party guarantees. Among first-time borrowers, the introduction of mandatory information sharing leads to a shift from collateral to guarantees, in particular for riskier borrowers. Among repeat borrowers, both collateral and guarantee requirements decline in proportion to the length of the lending relationship. These results suggest that information sharing can both reduce adverse selection among new borrowers and hold-up problems among repeat borrowers.
Creatine Kinase is Associated with Bleeding after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Brewster Lizzy M. , Fernand Jim D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHighly elevated plasma activity of the ADP scavenging enzyme creatine kinase (CK) might reduce ADP and ADP-dependent platelet activation. Therefore, we studied, whether high CK after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with bleeding.MethodsData of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Study Group phase II trial on the efficacy of angioplasty following intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA), are used to assess whether peak plasma CK (CKmax) is independently associated with adjudicated fatal or non-fatal bleeding (primary) and combined bleeding/all-cause mortality (secondary) in multivariable binomial logistic regression analysis, adjusting for baseline and treatment allocation covariates.ResultsThe included patients (N=3339, 82% men, 88% white, mean age 57 y, SE 0.2), had a history of angina pectoris (55%), hypertension (38%), and/or diabetes mellitus (13%). CKmax ranged between 16 and 55 890 IU/L (mean 2389 IU/L; SE 41), reached within 8 h in 51% of the patients (93% within 24 h). Adjudicated fatal/non-fatal bleeding occurred in 30% of the patients (respectively 26% in the low vs 34% in the high CK tertile), and bleeding/all-cause mortality in 35% (29% in the low, vs 40% in the high CK tertile). The adjusted odds ratio for fatal/non-fatal bleeding (vs not bleeding and survival) was 2.6 [95% CI, 1.8 to 3.7]/log CKmax increase, and 3.1 [2.2 to 4.4] for bleeding/all-cause mortality).ConclusionHighly elevated plasma CK after MI might be a hitherto overlooked independent indicator of bleeding and hemorrhagic death. This biologically plausible association warrants prospective study of the potential role of CK in hemorrhagic diathesis, and the risk of severe, potentially fatal bleeding with antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy in the presence of high plasma CK.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number)NCT00000505
DNA origami nanostructures as a tool for the targeted destruction of bacteria
Authors: Mela Ioanna , Vallejo-Ramirez Pedro P. , Makarchuk Stanislaw , Christie Graham , Bailey David , Henderson Robert. M. , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Endo Masayuki , Kaminski Clemens F. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTAntibiotic resistance is a growing worldwide human health issue that is now rendering us vulnerable once again to infections that have been treatable for decades. Various approaches have been proposed in an effort to overcome this threat and effectively treat bacterial infections. We use a DNA origami nanostructure, functionalized with aptamers, as a vehicle for delivering the antibacterial peptide lysozyme in a specific and efficient manner, in order to destroy bacterial targets. We test the system against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram - negative (Escherichia coli) targets. We use direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the DNA origami nanostructures and structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to assess the binding of origami to the bacteria. We show that treatment with lysozyme-functionalized origami slows bacterial growth more effectively than treatment with free lysozyme. Our study introduces DNA origami as a tool in the fight against antibiotic resistance, and our results demonstrate the specificity and efficiency of the nanostructure as a drug delivery vehicle.Abstract Figure
Nanocomposite bioink exploits dynamic covalent bonds between nanoparticles and polysaccharides for precision bioprinting
Authors: Lee Mihyun , Bae Kraun , Levinson Clara , Zenobi-Wong Marcy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe field of bioprinting has made significant recent progress towards engineering tissues with increasing complexity and functionality. It remains challenging, however, to develop bioinks with optimal biocompatibility and good printing fidelity. Here, we demonstrate enhanced printability of a polymer-based bioink based on dynamic covalent linkages between nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers, which retains good biocompatibility. Amine-presenting silica NPs (ca. 45 nm) were added to a polymeric ink containing oxidized alginate (OxA). The formation of reversible imine bonds between amines on the NPs and aldehydes of OxA lead to significantly improved rheological properties and high printing fidelity. In particular, the yield stress increased with increasing amounts of NPs (14.5 Pa without NPs, 79 Pa with 2 wt% NPs). In addition, the presence of dynamic covalent linkages in the gel provided improved mechanical stability over 7 days compared to ionically crosslinked gels. The nanocomposite ink retained high printability and mechanical strength, resulting in generation of centimetre-scale porous constructs and an ear structure with overhangs and high structural fidelity. Furthermore, the nanocomposite ink supported both in vitro and in vivo maturation of bioprinted gels containing chondrocytes. This approach based on simple oxidation can be applied to any polysaccharide, thus the widely applicability of the method is expected to advance the field towards the goal of precision bioprinting.
Lipid-mediated insertion of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands for facile immune cell engineering
Authors: Zhang Michael H. , Slaby Emily M. , Stephanie Georgina , Yu Chunsong , Watts Darcy M. , Liu Haipeng , Szeto Gregory L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCell-based immunotherapies have tremendous potential to treat many diseases, such as activating immunity in cancer or suppressing it in autoimmune diseases. Most cell-based cancer immunotherapies in the clinic provide adjuvant signals through genetic engineering to enhance T cell functions. However, genetically encoded signals have minimal control over dosing and persist for the life of a cell lineage. These properties make it difficult to balance increasing therapeutic efficacy with reducing toxicities. Here, we demonstrated the potential of phospholipid-coupled ligands as a non-genetic system for immune cell engineering. This system provides simple, controlled, non-genetic adjuvant delivery to immune cells via lipid-mediated insertion into plasma membranes. Lipid-mediated insertion (depoting) successfully delivered Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands intracellularly and onto cell surfaces of diverse immune cells. These ligands depoted into immune cells in a dose-controlled fashion and did not compete during multiplex pairwise loading. Immune cell activation could be enhanced by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms depending on the biology of the TLR ligand tested. We determined that depoted ligands can functionally persist on plasma membranes for up to four days in naïve and activated T cells, enhancing their activation, proliferation, and skewing cytokine secretion. Depoted ligands provide a persistent yet non-permanent adjuvant signal to immune cells that may minimize the intensity and duration of toxicities compared to permanent genetic delivery. Altogether, these findings demonstrate potential for lipid-mediated insertion (depoting) as a universal cell engineering approach with unique, complementary advantages to other cell engineering methods.
Domoic acid disruption of neurodevelopment and behavior involves altered myelination in the spinal cord
Authors: Panlilio Jennifer M. , Aluru Neelakanteswar , Hahn Mark E. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTHarmful algal blooms (HABs) produce potent neurotoxins that threaten human health. Early life exposure to low levels of the HAB toxin domoic acid (DomA) produces long-lasting behavioral deficits, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. Using zebrafish, we investigated the developmental window of susceptibility to low doses of DomA and examined cellular and molecular targets. Larvae exposed to DomA at 2 days post-fertilization (dpf), but not at 1 or 4 dpf, showed consistent deficits in startle behavior including reduced responsiveness and altered kinematics. Similarly, myelination in the spinal cord was disorganized after exposure only at 2 dpf. Time-lapse imaging revealed disruption of the initial stages of myelination. DomA down-regulated genes required for maintaining myelin structure and the axonal cytoskeleton. These results identify a developmental window of susceptibility to DomA-induced behavioral deficits involving altered gene expression and disrupted myelin structure, and establish a zebrafish model for investigating the underlying mechanisms.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT