bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib mixture as raw materials for paper making using acetosolve method
Authors: Aprianti Tine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Paper making requires raw materials with high cellulose and hemicellulose content. The alternative materials that can be used in the paper making are sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib. The paper production method used in this study is acetosolve which involves acetic acid as an organic solvent. The objectives of this research are to figure out the acetic acid concentration in delignification process and the ratio between sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib that produce pulp with the highest yield, cellulose and kappa number. In this research, there are some variables, the first is the levels of acetic acid concentration in delignification process, which are 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, the second is the ratio between sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib, which are 20:0, 18:2, 16:4, 14:6, 12:8, 10:10. The results show that the best pulping conditions are found to be 80% acetic acid concentration with 12:8 (w/w) ratio between sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib, and also 1:20 (w/v) ratio between raw material and solution of acetic acid at two hours cooking duration. The highest yield of pulp in acetosolve process was 63.1%, and its characteristics are 84.67% of cellulose and 10.44 kappa number.
Comparative study on the level of interest in the maintenance of apartment and office building in Jakarta
Authors: Dermawan Hans 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Jakarta has ranks 14th place as the number of city with many high rise buildings in the world. As time goes by, destruction of property could not avoided again. Hence, rearing and care of work building is very important and carried on preconstruction stage, construction stage and post-construction stage in the aftermath of routinely, continious and periodic by taking into account technical specification material. With the routine maintenance, it is expected that the damage occurs does not require for cost of repair / high maintenance. The government have standard of maintenance building in regulation Minister of Public Work no.24/PRT/M/2008, but in fact the application of the rule often inconsistency. Therefore this research needed to identification and comparing between maintenance in apartment and office building in Jakarta. This research using validity and reliabiltiy test, method analysis factor used for grouping every components, the correlation test used to know related coeficient of components in maintenance building. Data obtained from 36 respondents apartment priority components of maintenance are maintenance of panel alarm, electricty panel and pumps. 37 respondents office building priority components of maintenance are ceiling maintenance, vertical transportation system and pumps. Differences of the priority components caused by difference of maintenance level interest, function building, the ownership and intensity of using the components.
Predicting the Vulnerable Area of Tsunami Hazard Using CADMAS Surf 3D Case Study: Kolaka City, Southern Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Usman Fadly 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tsunami is an unpredictable disaster. However, efforts to anticipate the tsunami disaster must be done. This research is done based on the earthquake’s history around Kolaka. Based on the location of the point of an earthquake and coastal area in Kolaka City, a numerical simulation analysis was performed using CADMAS Surf 3D to predict the speed and wave height when tsunamis happen after the earthquake. The tsunami analysis indicates that the affected area is based on wave velocity, wave height and topography condition in the coastal area of Kolaka City. Spatial analysis is used to delineate the tsunami-affected areas in Kolaka City. Based on the delineation of affected areas, local governments can take other preventive measures such as making maps of tsunami-prone areas with attributes such as evacuation routes, safe areas, temporary evacuation sites, and so on.
Building information modelling in Malaysian industrialised building system
Authors: Saar Chai Chang , Siang Tan Cher , Ahmad Bajuri Fatin Afiqah , Chuing Loo Siaw , Yusof Aminah Md , Sheng Lee Xia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The growing demand of housing has prompted the Malaysian construction practitioners to realize the benefits of Industrialised Building System (IBS). Despite its advantages, IBS in Malaysia is plagued partly due to inefficient adoption strategy and lack of awareness among the practitioners. Hence Building Information Modelling (BIM) is introduced to facilitate the life-cycle of the project by eliminating construction inefficiencies. The aim of the study is to evaluate the BIM functions in relation to Malaysian IBS work process. In order to achieve the aim, the effectiveness of IBS and BIM implementation in Malaysia were identified. The data is collected through interview sessions with seven (7) IBS-BIM practitioners. Data from the interview were analysed using Content Analysis, summative approach. From the analysis, it was found that there were 4 BIM functions (clash detection, visualization, shop drawing, coordination) are able to integrate in 3 IBS wrork process (initial work, component production and installation). The causal relationship of IBS-BIM was formulated through linear equation method tabulated from content analysis results. The causal relationship of IBS-BIM explained BIM integrated functions in relation to IBS work flow. This study is essential to assist IBS practitioners to strategies their strategies in enhancing its productivity through the BIM implementation.
The effect of concrete cover thickness subjected to elevated temperatures
Authors: Khiyon M Iqbal , Kadir M A A , Mohd Sam A.R , Hasanah N , Mohamed R N , Yussof M M , Mohamad Zukri Siti Nurul Nureda , Nurizaty Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Concrete cover plays an important role in protecting the reinforcement from harmful environments and high temperatures. In this study, the effects of the concrete cover containing garnet and rebar prepared with cover thicknesses of 20 and 30 mm and subjected to temperatures of 20°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C for 1-hour duration were determined by conducting ultrasonic-pulse velocity and tensile tests. The results of the study show that concrete specimens with cover 30 mm protect steel completely before they disintegrate, almost up to 300°C and by replacing sand with 40% of garnet, gives significantly better fire resistance than normal concrete.
Experimental Evaluation of Composite Beam-to-Column Joint Using Cold-Formed Steel Sections
Authors: Sulaiman Arizu , Salleh Noraini Mohd , Sukardi Nuraziyati , Siang Tan Cher , Saggaff Anis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper is focusing on the experimental investigation of composite beam-to-column joint formed by a composite concrete slab and two lipped cold-formed steel C-sections placed back-to-back as beam and column. As the bare joint of cold-formed sections might not have higher moment resistant, a composite action from the composite concrete slab is utilized and expected to enhance the load carrying capacity of the joint. Two specimens namely the composite joint and non-composite joint are constructed and tested until failure under a point load at a certain eccentricity from the face of the column to induce moment to the joint. All components which are the decking, hot rolled plate, bolts and reinforcement bar used were the same for both specimens except the arrangement of the longitudinal bars. The relationship between the load and deflection, and subsequently, the moment and rotation of the joints are obtained specifically, the ultimate load and the respective moment resistance. It is found out that the composite joint yields higher ultimate load and moment resistance compare to the non-composite joint. The results also indicate that a composite joint has credible rotation and moment resistance, and the fracture of the joint occurs after substantial rotational deformation has been achieved.
Construction cost index: a case study in Malaysia
Authors: Saar Chai Chang , Chuing Loo Siaw , Yusof Aminah Md , Zakaria Rozana , Chuan Theong May 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Construction Cost Index (CCI) is introduced to enhance cost forecasting in construction projects. However, the effectiveness and its application in the developing countries are limited. Therefore, a case study is conducted in Malaysia to investigate the effectiveness of CCI in developing country. In order to achieve the aim, the objectives of the study are to identify the CCI implementation factors, challenges of CCI that hindering its implementation and to justify its applicability in developing countries. Quantitative approach is selected for data collection. 1000 sets of questionnaires were distributed to the construction industry stakeholders. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were employed to analyse the collected data. It is found that encouragement from local government plays a vital role in CCI concept. Meanwhile, the reliability and validity of CCI remain as the major CCI implementation challenges in the industry. From the SEM, a causal relationship framework of CCI implementation factors and CCI functions is developed. The framework is important to serve as an implementation guideline for the stakeholders. This study is significant to provide an insight overview of CCI to the stakeholders to enhance cost estimating efficiency.
Behavior of bagasse ash-calcium carbide residue stabilized soil with polyester fiber inclusion
Authors: Hatmoko John Tri , Suryadharma Hendra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bagasse ash is a non-cohesive waste material having small specific gravity that is relatively smaller than that of normal soil, and it behaves as pozzolanic material. Whereas calcium carbide residue (CCR) is hazardous waste materials containing high calcium. Research about using of bagasse ash and CCR is continually in progress. In this paper, a series of experimental studies was undertaken to study the individual and combined effects of randomly oriented polyester fiber inclusions on bagasse ash-CCR stabilized soil. The first step was carried out compaction test on 7, 14, 21, 28 and 36 days-cured soil-mixed with 8% CCR to get optimum curing period that was found at 28 days. Then, the test of soil + 8% CCR + bagasse ash with proportion of 3, 6, 9 and 12% was performed on unconfined compression test to get the best proportion of bagasse ash. That was found 9%. Finally, compaction, direct shear, and unconfined compression tests were performed on 2% fiber inclusion on bagasse ash-CCR stabilized soil (soil + 8% CCR + 9% bagasse ash). Stiffness and maximum dry density (MDD) of soil increase due to additional of CCR, however, it is not significantly affected by the polyester fiber inclusion. Improvement shear strength of stabilized soil is mostly affected by the increase of cohesion rather than due to improvement of internal friction angle. Ductility of bagasse ash-CCR soil mixture increased because of the present of polyester fiber reinforcement.
Repeatability of reclaimed asphalt pavement as related to properties of bitumen
Authors: Idham Mohd Khairul , Hainin Mohd Rosli , Yaacob Haryati , Warid M. Naqiuddin M. , Puan Othman Che , Hassan Norhidayah Abdul , Mohamed Azman , Mudiyono Rachmat 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Material recycling is one of the best solution that support sustainability aspect and at the same time reduce the construction and material cost. One of the common method in bituminous recycling is using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Although usage of RAP in the pavement has been established, properties of bitumen after repeated recycling process is unclear. Bitumen was extracted from recommended recycled mixtures that had undergone through repeated recycling process. In this study, bitumen was assessed in three different ageing stages namely 0 Cycle, 1st Cycle and 2nd Cycle. 0 Cycle is the sample which extracted from fresh mixture (represents 100% fresh materials). 1st and 2nd Cycles represent the number of recycling process. Penetration, softening point and viscosity test were used to evaluate the properties of extracted bitumen. From the tests, the results indicate that repeated recycling process generally increased hardness of the bitumen. This result was proven with the reduction in penetration value and increased in softening point temperature. Furthermore, it was also discovered that multiple recycling stages reduced the mixture workability, which was demonstrated by the increment of viscosity value. Hence, recycling process without any rejuvenator is applicable up to certain levels only.
Theoretical Modal Characteristics of Integral Abutment Bridge With Bored Piles Foundation
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Khairil , Rahman Azlan Ab , Ahmad Baderul Hisham , Abas Fairul Zahri Mohamad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Since 2008, the Public Works Department of Malaysia had adopted the integral abutment bridge concept as one of the initiatives to reduce the maintenance costs of bridges. Although this type of bridge is popular in the developed country such as United States, United Kingdom and Japan, the use of integral bridges in the South East Asia Country is considered relatively new. While most of the researches focussed on theoretical dynamic characteristic of bridge founded with H-piles, this paper presents the theoretical dynamic characteristics of integral bridge abutment with bored piles determined by the FE modal analysis performed by using ABAQUS software. A single-span integral bridge located in Pahang, Malaysia has been selected as the case study. The modal characteristics of the same design of bridge with simply supported bridge yield different values of modal frequency, which are higher. From the FE modelling result, it was found that the integral bridge with the bored piles type of foundation possess lower natural frequencies compared to the simply supported bridge of similar type of foundation.
Building Energy Intensity Measurement for Potential Retrofitting of Zero Energy Building in Higher Learning Institution
Authors: Abidin Nur Izie Adiana , Zakaria Rozana , Pauzi Nurul Noraziemah Mohd , Mustaffar Mushairry , Saleh Abd Latif , Bandi Masilah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Energy is currently world debate and being a prominent issue especially in industrial, transportation, residential and service sector. Service sector that includes all commercial and public buildings are also being the major contributor of global energy consumption. Higher Learning Institution (HLI) are among public buildings that the energy demand has become a critical issue, in which HLI need to spend a considerable high amount of money annually for electricity consumption. This energy issue somehow can be improved by implementing the retrofit to existing building which employed energy efficient technology, where it involves modifications using sustainable building criteria. This paper highlighted various options for building retrofitting which from lean steps, green technology and clean energy. M50 building in Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) was chosen as a case study and in situ energy audit of Building Energy Intensity (BEI) was conducted by identifying the types of equipment and machinery used in the building together with its period of operations and their power usage under typical operation. The outcome of the study proposed the retrofit strategies that are suitable to be implemented towards zero energy building. It is a cornerstone of reducing the energy usage with sustainability efforts together with economic stimulus packages.
Behaviour of Treated Rubberised Fiber Concretes at Higher Temperatures
Authors: Kadir Mariyana Aida Ab , Abdul Awal A.S.M , Nmz Siti Nurul , Sar Nur Aqilah , Siti Julaila MK , Ariffin Nur Farhayu , Eeydzah A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The fundamental aim of this study is to determine the effect of high temperature on the behavior of concrete consists NaOH treated rubber and steel fibers (TRSF-Con). During the experiment, four different concrete mixes were prepared; the first one is the control mix (CM) which was made with natural coarse and fine aggregates, cement, and water, while the other three concrete mixes were with the replacement rates of 10%, 20% and 25% of the natural coarse and fine aggregates by TRSF from used tires. The specimens were exposed for a period of 1 hour to design temperature-time curve up to 800°C followed by cooling to room temperature. Compressive strength, flexural strength, weight loss were determined and compared with that of control specimens. The ductility of the concrete increased with the increased of TRSF contents, increases the damping properties, and while the compressive strength of the concrete reduced with the increment of TRSF contents. Although data obtained in all parameters where lover than the control specimens, concrete containing treated rubber and steel fiber can be suitable for non-structural member in concrete and driveways or road constructions.
Energy Efficiency Criteria for Planning and Design of Green Hospital Buildings Rating System
Authors: Sahamir Shaza Rina , Zakaria Rozana , Omar Mohd faizal , Shakri Md Rajuna , Chughtai Muhammad Waseem , Mustafar Mushairry , Rooshdi Raja Rafidah Raja Muhd 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Energy efficiency in buildings nowadays are objectively important to be achieved and it requirements being underlined in energy policy for buildings at regional, national and international levels. It circulates among the utilization of building services. This paper analyses available information concerning energy efficiency criteria for hospital buildings, whereby particularly, most hospital buildings are operating in 24 hours with high energy consumption. An analysis of green hospital development is conducted and is aimed to emphasize the important aspects energy efficiency applies in hospital building. An overview related to the present sustainable energy efficiency practices that influential green hospital building planning accomplished by a matrix survey is presented. This gives the possibility to assess the motivation for a sustainable or green hospital buildings development through building rating system. Attention is devoted to the review of energy efficiency criteria as they have to be introduced in the future planning and design of green hospital buildings. Several criteria are listed and their relevance to the sustainable energy development for green hospital building development is accessible. The results indicate that several significant criteria for sustainable hospital can improve the practices of energy efficiency to hospital buildings at the planning and design stages. The energy efficient criteria in green hospital building rating system is potential in providing a positive contributions to energy engineering science, which also may lead to more reduction of hospital building energy consumption, thus, directly improve the carbon footprints.
A Preliminary Study on the Architectural Influences of Istana Lama Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan
Authors: Abidin Nurdiyana Zainal , Shahminan Raja Nafida Raja , Ibrahim Fawazul Khair 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Traditional Malay Royal Palaces in Malaysia are significant architectural buildings which have been an important and iconic symbol of the rulers and royal families. Functioning as a place of residence and administration, Traditional Malay Royal Palaces are regarded as significant architectural heritage of historical importance. This can be said for all of the Traditional Malay Royal Palaces found in Malaysia including several palaces found in Negeri Sembilan. One of the more noteworthy palaces in Negeri Sembilan is the Istana Lama Seri Menanti which is unique in many ways especially architecturally. It is widely accepted that Negeri Sembilan has always been linked with the Minangkabau of Sumatera, Indonesia and thus it is important to define palace architecture in Negeri Sembilan such as that of Istana Lama Seri Menanti is of local indigenous architecture and not that of the Minangkabau architecture. Hence this paper is a preliminary study on the architectural influences of Istana Lama Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan and aims at investigating the influences found in the architecture of this palace. The methodologies undertaken were of case studies and precedent studies of Traditional Malay Royal Palaces in nine states of Peninsular Malaysia, document analysis of Measured Drawings archived at Center for the Study of Built Environment in the Malay World (KALAM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and site visits to selected palace locations. Findings of this research will indicate the significance of Istana Lama Seri Menanti with regards to its architectural influences and importance within the community.
Petrogenesis study of quaternary volcanic rocks based on petrography analysis in Lubuk Nipis Village, Muara Enim District, South Sumatra
Authors: Suhada Rizky Aulia , Hastuti Endang Wiwik Dyah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aims to identify the characteristics of quartz volcanic rocks as well as their existing source and process of formation in the Lubuk Nipis area of Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatera Province. In conducting this study, field observation is required to obtain primary data directly and then petrography analyze is needed to analyze volcanic rock samples obtained during field observation. There are 3 types of rock units generated by volcanic activity during the quaternary period in the study area. The three units of rock are, among others, units of andesite intrusion (Qpva), units of andesite lava (Qhv), and units of tuff lapilli & tuff breksi (Qhv). In units of andesite intrusion visible porphyritic crystal texture with Plagioclase minerals become the most dominating minerals with the emergence of other primary minerals such as Quartz, Feldspar, Biotite, Hornblende and Pyroxene. Andesite lava comes with 2 different types of characteristics, porphyritic and microporfiritic texture. There are also seen the flow texture that shows the lava flow process during the formation of rocks in andesit lava units. While other units of rock that is unit of tuff lapilli & tuff brecchia is a product of pyroclastic fall. This unit has a composition of tuff material that dominates, also present are crystalline materials such as plagioclase, quartz, feldspar, and biotite. Further assisted by the analysis of DEM (Digital Elevation Model) to see the geometry of the spread of volcanic facies, can be interpreted the order of formation of rock units in the study area.
A method of modeling and control of recycled material to HPGR device in plant scale
Authors: Saramak D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of the paper is an analysis and assessment of HPGR device effectiveness performance in relationship to the volume of recycled material into press. Analysis was carried out in industrial conditions for HPGR device operating in technological circuit of hard ore processing. Data was collected during six months of HPGR operation. There were determined base characteristics of HPGR crushing operations, as well as relationships between operational parameters of the press and feed properties. It was also determined a model that can be helpful in more effective control of HPGR press. Results of investigation show that too low and too extensive pressure volume results in higher mass of the oversize screening product of HPGR recycled to the press. In order to maintain volume of recycled material according to the plant design the operational pressure of the press should be kept within the range that can be calculated from the proposed model.