bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOURCE ROCK QUALITY VARIATIONS OF UPPER JURASSIC – LOWERMOST CRETACEOUS MARINE SHALES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO OILS IN THE VALDEMAR FIELD, DANISH NORTH SEA
Authors: Ponsaing L. , Petersen H. I. , Bojesen‐Koefoed J. A. , Nytoft H. P. , Schovsbo N. H. , Stemmerik L. 
Published: December 2019

The main source rocks for the hydrocarbons at the Valdemar field (Danish North Sea) are the Upper Jurassic – lowermost Cretaceous organic‐rich marine shales of the Farsund Formation. However, geochemical analyses of retained petroleum in reservoir cores show variations in oil type and maturity which indicate a complex charging history. This paper reviews the organofacies and source rock quality variations in 55 samples of the Farsund Formation from the North Jens‐1 well (Valdemar field) within a sequence stratigraphic framework in order to discuss the source of the hydrocarbons. Petrographic and geochemical data, including biomarker analyses, were integrated in order to characterize the kerogen composition, original source rock potential and depositional environment of the Farsund Formation.The thermal maturity, source rock quality and kerogen quality all vary at the sequence level, and in general change upwards from early mature, primarily gas‐prone Type II kerogen in the Kimmeridgian Kimm‐2 and Kimm‐3 sequences to immature, highly oil‐prone sapropelic Type II kerogen in the Volg‐4 and Ryaz‐1 sequences (Volgian, Ryazanian). The kerogen has a maceral composition dominated by fluorescing amorphous organic matter (AOM) and liptodetrinite, with variable but generally minor amounts of terrigenous organic matter. The stratigraphic distribution of organic matter is similar to that in regional observations from the Danish Central Graben but minor differences occur, especially in the amount of fluorescing AOM in the Kimmeridgian sequences. The decrease in terrigenous input (vitrinite) upwards through the marine shale succession likely reflects a marine transgression of the Danish Central Graben area during Late Jurassic time. The source potential of the Upper Jurassic – lowermost Cretaceous shales in the North Jens‐1 well is generally lower than that observed regionally, including an absence of relatively organic‐rich, oil‐prone intervals in the older part of the succession which have been demonstrated to occur elsewhere in the Danish Central Graben. However, in agreement with the regional trend, back‐calculated source rock data and calculated Ultimate Expulsion Potentials show that the uppermost Volgian (Volg‐4) and Ryazanian (Ryaz‐1) sequences are the most oil‐prone intervals. The Ryaz‐1 sequence represents a condensed section formed during a period characterised by low sedimentation rates and high preservation of algal organic matter.Biomarker compositions from source rock extracts from the North Jens‐1 well cannot be directly correlated to Valdemar reservoir oils, suggesting that the mature organofacies which charged the oils are not represented in the samples from North Jens‐1.
Association of serum and urinary uromodulin and their correlates in older adults—The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Steubl Dominik , Buzkova Petra , Ix Joachim H. , Devarajan Prasad , Bennett Michael R. , Chaves Paolo H. M. , Shlipak Michael G. , Bansal Nisha , Sarnak Mark J. , Garimella Pranav S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUromodulin is released into serum (sUMOD) and urine (uUMOD) exclusively by renal tubular cells. Both sUMOD and uUMOD are correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no study to our knowledge has measured both sUMOD and uUMOD in the same population, thus the relationship of sUMOD with uUMOD with one another, and their respective correlates have not been evaluated simultaneously. We evaluated the correlations of sUMOD, uUMOD with eGFR in a random sub‐cohort (n = 933) of the Cardiovascular Health Study and their associations with demographic and laboratory parameters and CVD risk factors using multi‐variable linear regression analysis. The mean age of the cohort was 78 years, 40% were male and 15% were Black. The mean sUMOD level was 127 ng/mL, uUMOD was 30 500 ng/mL and eGFR was 63 mL/min/1.73 m2. Correlation between sUMOD and uUMOD, adjusted for eGFR was moderate (r = 0.27 [95% confidence interval = 0.21‐0.33]). The correlation of eGFR with sUMOD (r = 0.44 [0.39‐0.49]) was stronger than with uUMOD (r = 0.21 [0.15‐0.27]). In multi‐variable analysis adjusting sUMOD for uUMOD and vice versa, sUMOD was independently associated with eGFR (β = 1.3 [1.1‐1.6]), log2 C‐reactive protein (β = −4.2 [−6.8 to −1.6]) and male sex (β = −13.6 [−22.7 to −4.5]). In contrast, male sex was associated with higher uUMOD (β = 3700 [400‐7000]), while diabetes (β = −6400 [−10 600 to −2100]) and hypertension (−4300 [−7500 to −1100]) were associated with lower uUMOD levels. We conclude that sUMOD is more strongly associated with eGFR compared with uUMOD. Correlates of sUMOD and uUMOD differ substantially, suggesting that apical and basolateral secretion may be differentially regulated.
Research waste‐related editorial policies of leading dental journals: Situation 2018
Authors: Almaqrami Bushra S. , Hua Fang , Liu Yanxiaoxue , He Hong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo study whether specific recommendations aimed at reducing avoidable research waste were included in the author instructions of leading dental journals.MethodWe identified 109 peer‐reviewed and original research‐oriented dental journals that were indexed in the MEDLINE and/or SCIE database in 2018. Two authors extracted independently information regarding the endorsement of reporting guidelines (RGs), ICMJE recommendations, trial or systematic review registration, and open access (OA) and data sharing policies.ResultAll 109 journals provided online “instructions to authors,” among which 64 journals (58.7%) mentioned RGs. The ICMJE recommendations were endorsed by 74 journals (67.9%), and trial and systematic review registration were mentioned by 48 (44.0%) and 6 (5.5%) of the journals, respectively. In terms of OA, most journals stated they were hybrid OA (82.0%) and direct OA (15.4%), while data sharing policy was recommended by 32 (29.4%) journals. Statistical analyses suggest that these policies were more frequently mentioned by SCIE‐indexed journals, higher‐impact journals, and journals that endorsed the ICMJE recommendations.ConclusionReporting guidelines, OA and data sharing are important tools for enhancing research communication, translation and the reduction of avoidable research waste. However, currently they are not widely endorsed by dental journals.
Increased levels of calprotectin in the saliva of patients with geographic tongue
Authors: Garsjö Vegard , Dafar Amal , Jontell Mats , Çevik‐Aras Hülya , Bratel John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated whether patients with geographic tongue have increased salivary levels of calprotectin and whether there is a correlation between the salivary levels of calprotectin and interleukin 8 (IL‐8), which is another marker of inflammation.MethodsTwenty‐three patients diagnosed with geographic tongue and 32 control subjects without oral mucosal lesions were included in the study. The patients with geographic tongue were classified based on clinical appearance and number of oral lesions. ELISAs were used to determine the levels of calprotectin and IL‐8 in whole saliva samples.ResultsThere was a statistically significant increase in the salivary output of calprotectin in patients with geographic tongue compared with the healthy controls (62 ± 9,1 vs. 37,5 ± 4,7 µg/min; p = .0134). Furthermore, the levels of calprotectin correlated positively with the number of oral lesions in patients with geographic tongue. There was also a significant and positive correlation between the salivary levels of calprotectin and IL‐8, both for the patients with geographic tongue and the controls.ConclusionThis study supports the notion that GT is an inflammatory disease, in which the activation of neutrophils and production of calprotectin in the saliva may play roles in its pathogenesis.
Computed tomography findings of mediastinitis after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Yamada Yoshitake , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Ko Yoshihiro , Nomura Koji , Oguma Eiji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo our knowledge, no systematic study has been conducted on computed tomography (CT) imaging of mediastinitis in children post‐cardiovascular surgery. We aimed to assess the CT findings of pediatric patients diagnosed with mediastinitis after cardiovascular surgery.MethodsWe included 28 pediatric patients with suspected mediastinitis after undergoing cardiovascular surgery and who underwent CT. Patients were divided into a group with mediastinitis requiring antibiotic therapy (n= 15) confirmed by positive bacterial culture from the mediastinum and a group without mediastinitis (n= 13). Fisher's exact test was used to compare the following CT findings between the two groups: (i) mediastinal fluid collection; (ii) free gas bubble within fluid collection; (iii) sternal destruction; and (iv) capsular ring enhancement. The enhancement extent was categorized into the following four grades: whole rim enhancement, >50% of the rim enhancement, <50% of the rim enhancement, and no rim enhancement. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to establish a cut‐off point for obtaining the maximum diagnostic accuracy.ResultsA significant difference was observed between patients, with and without mediastinitis in sternal destruction (73.6% vs 0%,P= <0.0001) and capsular ring enhancement (100.0% vs 38.5%,P= 0.0004). By using a cut‐off grade of the whole rim enhancement, the estimated sensitivity and specificity for mediastinitis diagnosis were 100% and 92.3%, respectively.ConclusionComputed tomography findings of sternal destruction and capsular ring enhancement were observed more in patients with mediastinitis than in those without mediastinitis, and should be assessed carefully to diagnose mediastinitis accurately in pediatric patients who have undergone cardiac surgery.
Maize lethal necrosis viruses and other maize viruses in Rwanda
Authors: Asiimwe Theodore , Stewart Lucy R. , Willie Kristen , Massawe Deogracious P. , Kamatenesi Jovia , Redinbaugh Margaret G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaize lethal necrosis (MLN) is emergent in East Africa, first reported in 2011 in Kenya, and is devastating to maize production in the region. MLN is caused by coinfection of maize with the emergent maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and any of several maize‐infecting potyviruses endemic in East Africa and worldwide. Here, we examined the distribution of MCMV and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), the major viruses contributing to MLN in Rwanda. These and other viruses in maize across Rwanda were further characterized by deep sequencing. When identified, MCMV had high titres and minimal sequence variability, whereas SCMV showed moderate titres and high sequence variability. Deep sequencing also identified maize streak virus and other maize‐associated viruses, including a previously described polerovirus, maize yellow mosaic virus, and barley yellow dwarf virus, diverse maize‐associated totiviruses, maize‐associated pteridovirus, Zea mays chrysovirus 1, and a maize‐associated betaflexivirus. Detection of each virus was confirmed in maize samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
Metagenomic analysis of potential pathogens from blood donors in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Gao Lei , Rong Xia , He Miao , Zhang Ling , Li Tingting , Wang Wenjing , Candotti Daniel , Allain Jean‐Pierre , Fu Yongshui , Li Chengyao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the emerging/reemerging pathogens in blood donation samples.BackgroundA metagenomic analysis has previously been used to look for pathogens but in this study, the relationship with aminotransferase (ALT) is described.Methods/MaterialsExcluding samples reactive to hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency syndrome virus or syphilis and plasma samples were stratified into three groups of ALT levels (IU/L): A ≤ 50, B 51 to 69 and C ≥ 70, respectively. Each group was mixed in a pool of 100 samples, from which DNA and cDNA libraries were established for next generation sequencing and analysis. Pathogens of interest were identified by immunoassays, nested‐polymerase chain reaction, phylogenetic analysis and pathogen detection in follow‐up donors.ResultsSeveral new or reemerging transfusion‐transmitted pathogens were identified; Streptococcus suis, Babesia species and Toxoplasma gondii were found in the three ALT groups, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) only in group C. Ten S. suis nucleic acid positive samples were detected, all closely phylogenetically related to reference strains. A donor in group A carried both S. suis genome and specific IgM in follow‐up samples. This strain was identified as nontoxic S. suis. Five samples contained a short fragment of Babesia species SpeI‐AvaI gene, while T. gondii was identified in 20 samples as a short fragment of 18S rDNA gene. In group C, two samples contained EBV genome.ConclusionsBlood donations that contained S. suis, Babesia species and T. gondii sequences might represent potential transfusion risks. EBV, a potential cause of elevated ALT, was detected. Metagenomic analysis might be a useful technology for monitoring blood safety.
A facile, sensitive and quantitative membrane‐binding assay for proteins
Authors: Jose Gregor P. , Gopan Shilpa , Bhattacharyya Soumya , Pucadyil Thomas J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoluble proteins that bind membranes function in numerous cellular pathways yet facile, sensitive and quantitative methods that complement and improve sensitivity of widely used liposomes‐based assays remain unavailable. Here, we describe the utility of a photoactivable fluorescent lipid as a generic reporter of protein‐membrane interactions. When incorporated into liposomes and exposed to ultraviolet (UV), proteins bound to liposomes become crosslinked with the fluorescent lipid and can be readily detected and quantitated by in‐gel fluorescence analysis. This modification obviates the requirement for high‐speed centrifugation spins common to most liposome‐binding assays. We refer to this assay as Proximity‐based Labeling of Membrane‐Associated Proteins (PLiMAP).
Hypocalcaemia and traumatic coagulopathy: an observational analysis
Authors: Vasudeva Mayank , Mathew Joseph K. , Fitzgerald Mark C. , Cheung Zoe , Mitra Biswadev 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectivesHaemorrhage‐associated calcium loss may lead to disruption of platelet function, intrinsic and extrinsic pathway‐mediated haemostasis and cardiac contractility. Among shocked major trauma patients, we aimed to investigate the association between admission hypocalcaemia and adverse outcomes.Materials and MethodsData were extracted from the Alfred Trauma Registry and the Alfred Applications and Knowledge Management Department for all adult major trauma patients presenting directly from the scene with a shock index ≥1 from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2018. Patients with pre‐hospital blood transfusion were excluded. Ionized hypocalcaemia was defined as <1·11 mmol/l, and acute traumatic coagulopathy was defined as initial INR >1·5. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between admission hypocalcaemia and acute traumatic coagulopathy that was adjusted for Injury Severity Score, initial GCS, bicarbonate and lactate.ResultsThere were 226 patients included in final analysis with 113 (50%) patients recording ionized hypocalcaemia on presentation prior to any blood product transfusion. Ionized hypocalcaemia was associated with coagulopathy in patients with shock index ≥1 (adjusted OR 2·9; 95% CI: 1·01–8·3, P = 0·048). Admission ionized hypocalcaemia was also associated with blood transfusion requirement in the first 24 h post‐admission in 62·5% of hypocalcaemic patients as compared to 37·5% of normocalcaemic patients (P < 0·001). Admission ionized hypocalcaemia was associated with death at hospital discharge (25·6% among hypocalcaemic patients compared to 15·0% of normocalcaemic patients (P = 0·047)).ConclusionHypocalcaemia was a common finding in shocked trauma patients and was independently associated with acute traumatic coagulopathy. The early, protocolized administration of calcium to trauma patients in haemorrhagic shock warrants further assessment in randomized controlled trials.
Unsteady Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Corrugated Channels
Authors: Harikrishnan S. , Tiwari Shaligram 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Direct numerical simulations (DNS) have been performed using open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package openfoam to investigate the unsteady flow and heat transfer characteristics of primary and secondary corrugated wavy channels for fixed values of wavelength and amplitude by varying Reynolds number (Re). Computations are carried out by considering only one module of the wavy channel and applying periodic boundary conditions to reduce the time for computations. Numerical method has been validated thoroughly against the numerical and experimental results reported in the literature. Steady as well as unsteady flow characteristics in the primary and secondary corrugated channels have been elaborated and explained with the help of streamlines, velocity contours, isosurfaces of velocity, and Q value. Temperature and Nusselt number contours are presented to illustrate the heat transfer characteristics of wavy channels.
Sm-Nd isochron dating and geochemical (rare earth elements, 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δ13C) characterization of calcite veins in the Jiaoshiba shale gas field, China: Implications for the mechanisms of vein formation in shale gas systems
Authors: Gao Jian , He Sheng , Zhao Jian-xin , He Zhiliang , Wu Changwu , Feng Yuexing , Nguyen Ai Duc , Zhou Jiaxi , Yi Zhixing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Wufeng and Longmaxi organic-rich shales host the largest shale gas plays in China. This study examined the petrography, rare earth element (REE) and other trace-element geochemistry, Sm-Nd geochronology, and isotope geochemistry (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δ13C) of fracture-cementing minerals within core samples of the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations from the Jiaoshiba shale gas field in order to (1) characterize the mineral phases occurring in the veins (mineralized fractures); (2) determine the ages of the calcite by the Sm-Nd isochron dating method; (3) understand the sources of calcite-precipitating fluids; and (4) explore the possible mechanisms responsible for calcite vein formation in shale gas systems. The fractures hosted in the Longmaxi Formation are mineralized with quartz as the predominant fracture cement, and calcite as an intracementation phase postdating the earlier quartz cement. In contrast, the fractures hosted in the Wufeng Formation are dominantly mineralized by calcite, which occurs either as the only cement present or as a cement phase predating later quartz cement. Calcite veins within the Longmaxi Formation have a Sm-Nd isochron age of 160 ± 13 Ma and δ13C values of –4.71‰ to –3.11‰, δ18O values of 17.1‰–17.4‰, and 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.72437–0.72869. Calcite veins within the Wufeng Formation yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 133 ± 15 Ma and are characterized by δ13C values of –2.29‰ to –1.03‰, δ18O values of 17.3‰–17.7‰, and 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.72202–0.72648. The similarity between 87Sr/86Sr values of the calcite and those of their respective surrounding host rocks (0.72670–0.72875 of the Longmaxi shales; 0.72030–0.72648 of the Wufeng shales), combined with relatively depleted δ13C and uniform fluid δ18O isotopic features, indicates that the calcite-precipitating fluids within the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were derived largely from their respective surrounding host-rock sources. REE data equally indicate that the distinguishable Eu anomalies (6.20–19.35; 4.45–11.91), Y anomalies (1.03–1.50; 1.44–1.70), and Y/Ho ratios (28.80–39.16; 38.86–45.18) of calcite veins within the Longmaxi and Wufeng Formations were controlled by their respective surrounding host rocks. The Sm-Nd isochron ages and fluid inclusion data of fracture cements suggest that fracture opening and calcite precipitation in composite veins within the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were triggered by gas generation overpressurization.
Persistence of melt-bearing Archean lower crust for &gt;200 m.y.—An example from the Lewisian Complex, northwest Scotland
Authors: Taylor Richard J.M. , Johnson Tim E. , Clark Chris , Harrison Richard J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Geochronological data from zircon in Archean tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) gneisses are commonly difficult to interpret. A notable example is the TTG gneisses from the Lewisian Gneiss Complex, northwest Scotland, which have metamorphic zircon ages that define a more-or-less continuous spread through the Neoarchean, with no clear relationship to zircon textures. These data are generally interpreted to record discrete high-grade events at ca. 2.7 Ga and ca. 2.5 Ga, with intermediate ages reflecting variable Pb loss. Although ancient diffusion of Pb is commonly invoked to explain such protracted age spreads, trace-element data in zircon may permit identification of otherwise cryptic magmatic and metamorphic episodes. Although zircons from the TTG gneiss analyzed here show a characteristic spread of Neoarchean ages, they exhibit subtle but key step changes in trace-element compositions that are difficult to ascribe to diffusive resetting, but that are consistent with emplacement of regionally extensive bodies of mafic magma. These data suggest suprasolidus metamorphic temperatures persisted for 200 m.y. or more during the Neoarchean. Such long-lived high-grade metamorphism is supported by data from zircon grains from a nearby monzogranite sheet. These preserve distinctive trace-element compositions consistent with derivation from a mafic source, and they define a well-constrained U-Pb zircon age of ca. 2.6 Ga that is intermediate between the two previously proposed discrete metamorphic episodes. The persistence of melt-bearing lower crust for hundreds of millions of years was probably the norm during the Archean.
Tachyonic inflation in loop quantum cosmology
Authors: Xiao Kui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA tachyon field might be responsible for cosmological inflation at an early time and contribute to cosmological dark matter at a later time. We investigate tachyonic inflation by analyzing a tachyon field with different potentials in the framework of loop quantum cosmology. No matter which tachyon field energy dominates at the bounce, the evolution of the background can be divided into three phases: super-inflation, damping, and slow-roll inflation. The duration of each phase depends on the initial condition. During the slow-roll inflation, when the initial condition is $$V(T_\mathrm{B})/\rho _\mathrm{c}\ge 10^{-6}$$V(TB)/ρc≥10-6, the number of e-folds is very high ($$N\gg 60$$N≫60) for $$V\propto T^{-n}$$V∝T-n with $$n=1$$n=1 and 1 / 2. For an exponential potential, to get enough e-folds, $$V(T_\mathrm{B})/\rho _\mathrm{c}$$V(TB)/ρc should be greater than $$7.802\times 10^{-4}$$7.802×10-4. Furthermore, the probability of slow-roll inflation is obtained. We find that the probability of obtaining slow-roll inflation with 60 or more e-folds is very close to 1.