bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting Visible‐Light‐Driven H2 Evolution of Covalent Triazine Framework from Water by Modifying Ni(II) Pyrimidine‐2‐thiolate Cocatalyst
Authors: Xu Ze , Cui Yao , Guo Bin , Li Hai‐Yan , Li Hong‐Xi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCovalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have recently emerged as prospective photoactive materials coupled with Pt or Pd cocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution. Herein, we report visible‐light driven hydrogen generation catalyzed by heterogeneous systems combining CTF photosensitizers and a noble‐metal‐free cocatalyst for the first time. CTF‐HC2 was doped with two‐dimensional Ni(II) pyrimidine‐2‐thiolate ([Ni(pymt)2]n) to yield a series of x‐[Ni(pymt)2]n/CTF‐HC2 (x=3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 24 wt %) composites. Illuminated with λ>420 nm, [Ni(pymt)2]n/CTF‐HC2 materials display excellent photocatalytic performance for H2 generation from water. The highest hydrogen evolution rate is up to 3472 μmol h−1 g−1, which is 68 times of bare CTF‐HC2 (51 μmol h−1 g−1) and 1.16 times of CTF‐HC2 doped 2.0 wt % Pt (2991 μmol h−1 g−1). The efficient and recyclable heterogeneous photocatalytic H2 production from water under visible light has been established.
A Novel CeO2/Cu2O/CuO Nanocomposite Designed from a CeAlCu Glass Precursor as an Excellent Dual Function Catalyst in Dye Wastewater Remediation
Authors: Song Jingjing , Zhang Fabao , Hu Qingzhuo , Jiang Wei , Li Dongdong , Zhang Bo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel dual functional CeO2/Cu2O/CuO nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile chemical method using Ce‐based Ce‐Al‐Cu glass ribbons as a precursor. The nanocomposite can rapidly degrade azo dyes including orange II (OII), methyl orange (MO), and congo red (CR) under dark conditions with no chemical and energy input. Under visible light irradiation, the composite also showed high efficiency for the decomposition azo‐free dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). The excellent performances of the nanocomposite in both dark and light conditions are attributed to the synergistic effects of its composition and the nanoparticle structure that have large surface areas and contain many active sites, and to the formation of heterojunctions in the Ce/Cu Oxide. The high performance of this bi‐functional catalyst made from industrially‐prepared atomically homogenous amorphous metallic demonstrates the promise of high‐performance catalysts based on multi‐component metallic glass materials.
Restraining Polysulfide with High‐Entropy Metal Nitride towards Long Cycle Life and High Capacity Li−S Batteries
Authors: Fang Binren , Tian Xiaolu , Wang Te , Wang Tao , Qu Long , Li Mingtao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries with ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g−1) have become a research hotpot, which focuses on the solution of shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LIPS). Chemical immobilization of LIPS and encapsulation structure of the sulfur cathode are effective strategies to suppress the shuttle effect. Herein, high entropy metal nitride (HEMN) was prepared by mechanochemical‐assisted synthesis as an innovative anchor to restrain LIPS via the chemical bonding interaction between HEMN and LIPS. Furthermore, the composite of HEMN and S was encased by graphene (GR) through electrostatic attraction caused by opposite zeta potential, thus as the effective cathode (HEMN/S@GR) of Li−S batteries. HEMN has plentiful active metal sites which can chemically adsorb LIPS, enhancing the cycle life of Li−S batteries. Graphene can accelerate surface charge transfer of sulfur cathode to reduce the interface resistance because of its high conductivity. The initial specific capacity of HEMN/S@GR cathode is 1193 mAh g−1 and still maintains 695 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. When increased to 1.0 C, the initial specific capacity is 556 mAh g−1 and exhibits remarkable stability in long cycles. This study presents the synergetic effect of HEMN and graphene on LIPS in Li−S batteries, which introduces a new application way of high entropy materials in the field of energy storage devices.
Polymerization‐Driven Photoluminescence in Alkanolamine‐Based C‐Dots
Authors: Ludmerczki Robert , Malfatti Luca , Stagi Luigi , Meloni Manuela , Carbonaro Carlo Maria , Casula Maria Francesca , Bogdán Dóra , Mura Stefania , Mándity István M. , Innocenzi Plinio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarbonized polymer dots (CPDs), a peculiar type of carbon dots, show extremely high quantum yields, making them very attractive nanostructures for application in optics and biophotonics. The origin of the strong photoluminescence of CPDs resides in a complicated interplay of several radiative mechanisms. To understand the correlation between CPD processing and properties, the early stage formation of carbonized polymer dots has been studied. In the synthesis, citric acid monohydrate and 2‐amino‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)propane‐1,3‐diol have been thermally degraded at 180 °C. The use of an oil bath instead of a more traditional hydrothermal reactor has allowed the CPD properties to be monitored at different reactions times. Transmission electron microscopy, time‐resolved photoluminescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy have revealed the formation of polymeric species with amide and ester bonds. Quantum chemistry calculations have been employed to investigate the origin of CPD electronic transitions. At short reaction times, amorphous C‐dots with 80 % quantum yield, have been obtained.
The Young Scientists Network: How the European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry (EFMC) Became Young Again
Authors: Goncharenko Kristina , Mari Michele , Auberson Yves P. , Matagne Brieuc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry (EFMC) created the Young Scientists Network (YSN) to support early‐career medicinal chemists and chemical biologists. By doing this, it addressed the rapid changes taking place in the scientific community and in our society, such as the rise of social media, the evolution of the gender balance in the scientific population, and educational needs. Creating the YSN was also a way to ensure that the next generation of scientists would contribute to shaping EFMC's strategy, while recognizing and addressing their needs. The YSN was set up as a very dynamic concept, and has now developed to the point where its impact is evident. The activities it promotes complement EFMC's community support and scientific opportunities, rejuvenating the Federation and preparing it for the future. It also provides opportunities for many brilliant young scientists, who do not hesitate to invest time and energy in supporting our community and shaping their own future.
High‐Throughput Image Cytometry Detection Method for CAR‐T Transduction, Cell Proliferation, and Cytotoxicity Assays
Authors: Wang Yufei , Chan Leo Li‐Ying , Grimaud Marion , Fayed Atef , Zhu Quan , Marasco Wayne A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has drawn much attention due to its recent clinical success in B‐cell malignancies. In general, the CAR‐T cell discovery process consists of CAR identification, T‐cell activation, transduction, and expansion, as well as assessment of CAR‐T cytotoxicity. The current evaluation methods for the CAR‐T discovery process can be time‐consuming, low‐throughput and requires the preparation of multiple sacrificial samples in order to produce kinetic data. In this study, we employed the use of a plate‐based image cytometer to monitor anti‐CAIX (carbonic anhydrase IX) G36 CAR‐T generation and assess its cytotoxic potency of direct and selective killing against CAIX+ SKRC‐59 human renal cell carcinoma cells. The transduction efficiency and cytotoxicity results were analyzed using image cytometry and compared directly to flow cytometry and Chromium 51 (51Cr) release assays, showing that image cytometry was comparable against these conventional methods. Image cytometry method streamlines the assays required during the CAR‐T cell discovery process by analyzing a plate of T cells from CAR‐T generation to in vitro functional assays with minimum disruption. The proposed method can reduce assay time and uses less cell samples by imaging and analyze the same plate over time without the need to sacrifice any cells. The ability to monitor kinetic data can allow additional insights into the behavior and interaction between CAR‐T and target tumor cells. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Neuronal NADPH oxidase 2 regulates growth cone guidance downstream of slit2/robo2
Authors: Terzi Aslihan , Roeder Haley , Weaver Cory J. , Suter Daniel M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNADPH oxidases (Nox) are membrane‐bound multi‐subunit protein complexes producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that regulate many cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests that Nox‐derived ROS also control neuronal development and axonal outgrowth. However, whether Nox act downstream of receptors for axonal growth and guidance cues is presently unknown. To answer this question, we cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) derived from zebrafish embryos and exposed these neurons to netrin‐1, slit2, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). To test the role of Nox in cue‐mediated growth and guidance, we either pharmacologically inhibited Nox or investigated neurons from mutant fish that are deficient in Nox2. We found that slit2‐mediated growth cone collapse, and axonal retraction were eliminated by Nox inhibition. Though we did not see an effect of either BDNF or netrin‐1 on growth rates, growth in the presence of netrin‐1 was reduced by Nox inhibition. Furthermore, attractive and repulsive growth cone turning in response to gradients of BDNF, netrin‐1, and slit2, respectively, were eliminated when Nox was inhibited in vitro. ROS biosensor imaging showed that slit2 treatment increased growth cone hydrogen peroxide levels via mechanisms involving Nox2 activation. We also investigated the possible relationship between Nox2 and slit2/Robo2 signaling in vivo. astray/nox2 double heterozygote larvae exhibited decreased area of tectal innervation as compared to individual heterozygotes, suggesting both Nox2 and Robo2 are required for establishment of retinotectal connections. Our results provide evidence that Nox2 acts downstream of slit2/Robo2 by mediating growth and guidance of developing zebrafish RGC neurons.
An infrared spectroscopic approach to characterise white powders, easily applicable in the context of drug checking, drug prevention and on‐site analysis
Authors: Deconinck Eric , Aït‐Kaci Camille , Raes Andries , Canfyn Michaël , Bothy Jean‐Luc , Duchateau Céline , Mees Corenthin , De Braekeleer Kris , Gremaux Lies , Blanckaert Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMore and more events, such as the summer music festivals, are considering the possibilities for implementing on‐site testing of psychoactive drugs in the context of prevention and harm reduction. Although the on‐site identification is already implemented by plenty of drug checking services, the required rapid quantitative dosing of the composition of illicit substances is still a missing aspect for a successful harm reduction strategy at events. In this paper, an approach is presented to identify white powders as amphetamine, cocaine, ketamine or others and to estimate the purity of the amphetamine, cocaine and ketamine samples using spectroscopic techniques hyphenated with partial least squares (PLS) modelling. For identification purposes, it was observed that mid‐infrared spectroscopy hyphenated with PLS‐discriminant analysis allowed the distinction between amphetamine, cocaine, ketamine and other samples and this with a correct classification rate of 93.1% for an external test set. For quantitative estimation, near‐infrared spectroscopy was more performant and allowed the estimation of the dosage/purity of the amphetamine, cocaine and ketamine samples with an error of more or less 10% w/w. An easily applicable, practical and cost‐effective approach for on‐site characterisation of the majority of the psychoactive samples encountered in Belgian nightlife settings based on IR spectroscopy was proposed.
On the road of dried blood spot sampling for antidoping tests: Detection of GHRP‐2 abuse
Authors: Reverter‐Branchat Gemma , Segura Jordi , Pozo Oscar J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDried blood spots (DBSs) sampling is gaining support by the antidoping community because of simplicity and cost‐effective characteristics, especially in collection, transport, and storage. Nevertheless, DBS applicability demands specific studies for each of the analytes proposed for testing. Here, GHRP‐2 has been selected as a representing member of the growth hormone‐releasing peptides (GHRPs) family to provide further evidence of DBS suitability for GHRPs abuse detection in sport testing. An analytical procedure to extract GHRP‐2 and its main metabolite (AA‐3) from DBS and to detect them by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been developed. The method has been validated for the detection of GHRP‐2. Specificity and identification capabilities have been assessed in agreement with antidoping guidelines. The low AA‐3 levels found in DBS samples prevented its effective application for the determination of this metabolite. The limit of detection (LoD) for GHRP‐2 has been established at 50 pg/ml. Long‐term stability (>2 years) has been confirmed. The procedure has been successfully applied to actual DBS samples from an administration study with a single intravenous dose of GHRP‐2 (100 μg) being detected up to 4 h after drug injection. GHRP‐2 concentrations have been higher in venous blood DBS than in capillary blood DBS. Despite the observed differences, a similar detection window has been achieved independently of the type of blood used.In summary, this study provides specific evidence supporting DBS usefulness to detect GHRP‐2, and potentially other GHRPs family members, for antidoping tests.
Screen‐detected disordered eating and related traits in a large population sample of females in mainland China: China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Yao Shuyang , Zhang Ruyue , Thornton Laura M. , Peat Christine M. , Qi Baiyu , Du Shufa , Wang Huijun , Zhang Bing , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe describe the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with screen‐detected disordered eating and related traits in a population‐based sample of women in China. We also explored prevalence trends over time.MethodA total of 4,218 females aged 12–50 were sampled from 15 provinces as part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2015. The SCOFF questionnaire screened for disordered eating and the selected questions from the Eating Disorders Examination‐Questionnaire measured dietary restraint, shape concerns, and weight concerns. Body mass index (BMI) was measured and sociodemographic factors captured urban/rural residence, age, ethnicity, income, education, marital status, and occupational status. We calculated the prevalence of screen‐detected disordered eating and related traits broadly and across several dimensions and compared prevalence estimates to 2009 and 2011 reports.ResultsWe detected 296 individuals who screened positive for disordered eating on the SCOFF (prevalence = 7.04%). Positive screens were associated with urban residence (p = .002) and higher education levels (p < .001). Scores on restraint, shape concerns, and weight concerns were all higher for individuals in urban versus village locations (all p's < .001), and with higher BMI (p < .001) for shape and weight concerns. The prevalence of screen‐detected disordered eating increased numerically across 2009, 2011, and 2015.DiscussionThe prevalence of screen‐detected disordered eating in mainland China was comparable to other populations worldwide obtained from a recent meta‐analysis. The distribution of disordered eating and related traits varied by several sociodemographic factors, which include age, BMI, urban/rural residence, education, and income, suggesting important directions for case detection and intervention in China.
Sudden cardiogenic shock mimicking fulminant myocarditis in a surviving teenager affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Authors: Garau Giovanni , Joachim Sabrina , Duliere Guy‐Loup , Melissopoulou Maria , Boccar Sandrine , Fraipont Vincent , Dugauquier Christophe , Troisfontaines Pierre , Hougrand Olivier , Delvenne Philippe , Hoffer Etienne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, myocardial injury is a relatively frequent finding. Progression to cardiogenic shock has been rarely described, especially in healthy young patients. The underlying mechanisms are to date controversial. A previously healthy 18‐year‐old female teenager affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) developed fulminant cardiogenic shock requiring a prompt extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Cardiac involvement was predominant compared with the pulmonary one. Myocardial biopsies were performed; and in order to clarify the pathophysiology of the acute heart failure, optical and transmission electron microscopy study was realized. Two additional immunohistology techniques were developed in order to (i) detect a SARS‐CoV‐2 recombinant fusion nucleoprotein by using a specific antibody and (ii) study fractalkine expression induced by activated endothelium because this molecule is well known to be elevated in patients with severe cytokine release syndrome. SARS‐CoV‐2 genome was not detected in the myocardium. Even if the clinical presentation, laboratory markers, and cardiac imaging techniques strongly suggested fulminant myocarditis, histology and immunohistology were not fully consistent with this diagnosis according to the Dallas criteria. Although rare suspected coronavirus particles were found by transmission electron microscopy in the cardiac endothelium, neither significant immunoreactivity for the viral nucleocapsid protein nor image suggestive of endotheliitis was detected. Intense endothelial immunoreactivity pattern for fractalkine expression was observed. From a clinical point of view, the left ventricular systolic function gradually improved, and the patient survived after a long stay in the intensive care unit. Our observations suggest that a massive cytokine storm induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was the main cause of the cardiogenic shock, making a direct viral injury pathway very unlikely.
Cardiac adaptations to 60 day head‐down‐tilt bed rest deconditioning. Findings from the AGBRESA study
Authors: Hoffmann Fabian , Rabineau Jérémy , Mehrkens Dennis , Gerlach Darius A. , Moestl Stefan , Johannes Bernd W. , Caiani Enrico G. , Migeotte Pierre Francois , Jordan Jens , Tank Jens 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsReduced physical activity increases the risk of heart failure; however, non‐invasive methodologies detecting subclinical changes in myocardial function are not available. We hypothesized that myocardial, left ventricular, systolic strain measurements could capture subtle abnormalities in myocardial function secondary to physical inactivity.Methods and resultsIn the AGBRESA study, which assessed artificial gravity through centrifugation as potential countermeasure for space travel, 24 healthy persons (eight women) were submitted to 60 day strict −6° head‐down‐tilt bed rest. Participants were assigned to three groups of eight subjects: a control group, continuous artificial gravity training on a short‐arm centrifuge (30 min/day), or intermittent centrifugation (6 × 5 min/day). We assessed cardiac morphology, function, strain, and haemodynamics by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography. We observed no differences between groups and, therefore, conducted a pooled analysis. Consistent with deconditioning, resting heart rate (∆8.3 ± 6.3 b.p.m., P < 0.0001), orthostatic heart rate responses (∆22.8 ± 19.7 b.p.m., P < 0.0001), and diastolic blood pressure (∆8.8 ± 6.6 mmHg, P < 0.0001) increased, whereas cardiac output (∆−0.56 ± 0.94 L/min, P = 0.0096) decreased during bed rest. Left ventricular mass index obtained by MRI did not change. Echocardiographic left ventricular, systolic, global longitudinal strain (∆1.8 ± 1.83%, P < 0.0001) decreased, whereas left ventricular, systolic, global MRI circumferential strain increased not significantly (∆−0.68 ± 1.85%, P = 0.0843). MRI values rapidly returned to baseline during recovery.ConclusionProlonged head‐down‐tilt bed rest provokes changes in cardiac function, particularly strain measurements, that appear functional rather than mediated through cardiac remodelling. Thus, strain measurements are of limited utility in assessing influences of physical deconditioning or exercise interventions on cardiac function.
Dielectrophoresis: Developments and applications from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Sarno Benjamin , Heineck Daniel , Heller Michael J. , Ibsen Stuart D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe 20th century has seen tremendous innovation of dielectrophoresis (DEP) technologies, with applications being developed in areas ranging from industrial processing to micro‐ and nanoscale biotechnology. From 2010 to present day, there have been 981 publications about DEP. Of over 2600 DEP patents held by the United States Patent and Trademark Office, 106 were filed in 2019 alone. This review focuses on DEP‐based technologies and application developments between 2010 and 2020, with an aim to highlight the progress and to identify potential areas for future research. A major trend over the last 10 years has been the use of DEP techniques for biological and clinical applications. It has been used in various forms on a diverse array of biologically derived molecules and particles to manipulate and study them including proteins, exosomes, bacteria, yeast, stem cells, cancer cells, and blood cells. DEP has also been used to manipulate nano‐ and micron‐sized particles in order to fabricate different structures. The next 10 years are likely to see the increase in DEP‐related patent applications begin to result in a greater level of technology commercialization. Also during this time, innovations in DEP technology will likely be leveraged to continue the existing trend to further biological and medical‐focused applications as well as applications in microfabrication. As a tool leveraged by engineering and imaginative scientific design, DEP offers unique capabilities to manipulate small particles in precise ways that can help solve problems and enable scientific inquiry that cannot be addressed using conventional methods.