bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-radially pulsating stars as microlensing sources
Authors: Sajadian Sedighe , Ignace Richard 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the microlensing of non-radially pulsating (NRP) stars. Pulsations are formulated for stellar radius and temperature using spherical harmonic functions with different values of l, m. The characteristics of the microlensing light curves from NRP stars are investigated in relation to different pulsation modes. For the microlensing of NRP stars, the light curve is not a simple multiplication of the magnification curve and the intrinsic luminosity curve of the source star, unless the effect of finite source size can be ignored. Three main conclusions can be drawn from the simulated light curves. First, for modes with m ≠ 0 and when the viewing inclination is more nearly pole-on, the stellar luminosity towards the observer changes little with pulsation phase. In this case, high-magnification microlensing events are chromatic and can reveal the variability of these source stars. Secondly, some combinations of pulsation modes produce nearly degenerate luminosity curves (e.g. (l, m) = (3, 0), (5, 0)). The resulting microlensing light curves are also degenerate, unless the lens crosses the projected source. Finally, for modes involving m = 1, the stellar brightness centre does not coincide with the coordinate centre, and the projected source brightness centre moves in the sky with pulsation phase. As a result of this time-dependent displacement in the brightness centroid, the time of the magnification peak coincides with the closest approach of the lens to the brightness centre as opposed to the source coordinate centre. Binary microlensing of NRP stars and in caustic-crossing features are chromatic.
The impact of starbursts on element abundance ratios
Authors: Johnson James W , Weinberg David H 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the impact of bursts in star formation on the predictions of one-zone chemical evolution models, adopting oxygen (O), iron (Fe), and strontium (Sr), as representative α, iron-peak, and s-process elements, respectively. To this end, we develop and make use of the Versatile Integrator for Chemical Evolution (VICE), a python package designed to handle flexible user-specified evolutionary parameters. Starbursts driven by a temporary boost of gas accretion rate create loops in [O/Fe]–[Fe/H] evolutionary tracks and a peak in the stellar [O/Fe] distribution at intermediate values. Bursts driven by a temporary boost of star formation efficiency have similar effects, and they also produce a population of α-deficient stars during the depressed star formation phase following the burst. This α-deficient population is more prominent if the outflow rate is tied to a time-averaged star formation rate (SFR) instead of the instantaneous SFR. Theoretical models of Sr production predict a strong metallicity dependence of supernova and asymptotic giant branch star yields, though comparison to data suggests an additional, nearly metallicity-independent source. Evolution of [Sr/Fe] and [Sr/O] during a starburst is complex because of this metallicity dependence and the multiple time-scales at play. Moderate amplitude (10–20 per cent) sinusoidal oscillations in SFR produce loops in [O/Fe]–[Fe/H] tracks and multiple peaks in [O/Fe] distributions, a potential source of intrinsic scatter in observed sequences. We investigate the impact of a factor ∼2 enhancement of Galactic star formation ∼2 Gyr ago, as suggested by some recent observations. VICE is publicly available at &lt;http://pypi.org/project/vice/&gt;.
Solving Kepler’s equation with CORDIC double iterations
Authors: Zechmeister M 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
In previous work, we developed the idea to solve Kepler’s equation with a CORDIC-like algorithm, which does not require any division, but still requires multiplications in each iteration. Here we overcome this major shortcoming and solve Kepler’s equation using only bitshifts, additions and one initial multiplication. We prescale the initial vector with the eccentricity and the scale correction factor. The rotation direction is decided without correction for the changing scale. We find that double CORDIC iterations are self-correcting and compensate for possible wrong rotations in subsequent iterations. The algorithm needs 75 per cent more iterations and delivers the eccentric anomaly and its sine and cosine terms times the eccentricity. The algorithm can also be adopted for the hyperbolic case. The new shift-and-add algorithm brings Kepler’s equation close to hardware and allows it to be solved with cheap and simple hardware components.
Insight-HXMT observations of Swift J0243.6+6124: the evolution of RMS pulse fractions at super-Eddington luminosity
Authors: Wang P J , Kong L D , Zhang S , Chen Y P , Zhang S N , Qu J L , Ji L , Tao L , Ge M Y , Lu F J , Chen L , Song L M , Li T P , Xu Y P , Cao X L , Chen Y , Liu C Z , Bu Q C , Cai C , Chang Z , Chen G , Chen T X , Chen Y B , Cui W , Cui W W , Deng J K , Dong Y W , Du Y Y , Fu M X , Gao G H , Gao H , Gao M , Gu Y D , Guan J , Guo C C , Han D W , Huang Y , Huo J , Jia S M , Jiang L H , Jiang W C , Jin J , Jin Y J , Li B , Li C K , Li G , Li M S , Li W , Li X , Li X B , Li X F , Li Y G , Li Z W , Liang X H , Liao J Y , Liu B S , Liu G Q , Liu H W , Liu X J , Liu Y N , Lu B , Lu X F , Luo Q , Luo T , Ma X , Meng B , Nang Y , Nie J Y , Ou G , Sai N , Shang R C , Song X Y , Sun L , Tan Y , Tuo Y L , Wang C , Wang G F , Wang J , Wang L J , Wang W S , Wang Y S , Wen X Y , Wu B Y , Wu B B , Wu M , Xiao G C , Xiao S , Xiong S L , Yang J W , Yang S , Yang Yan Ji , Yang Yi Jung , Yi Q B , Yin Q Q , You Y , Zhang A M , Zhang C M , Zhang F , Zhang H M , Zhang J , Zhang T , Zhang W C , Zhang W , Zhang W Z , Zhang Y , Zhang Y F , Zhang Y J , Zhang Y , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Z L , Zhao H S , Zhao X F , Zheng S J , Zheng Y G , Zhou D K , Zhou J F , Zhu Y X , Zhu Y , Zhuang R L 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Based on Insight-HXMT data, we report on the pulse fraction evolution during the 2017–2018 outburst of the newly discovered first Galactic ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) source Swift J0243.6+6124. The pulse fractions of 19 observation pairs selected in the rising and fading phases with similar luminosity are investigated. The results show a general trend of the pulse fraction increasing with luminosity and energy at supercritical luminosity. However, the relative strength of the pulsation between each pair evolves strongly with luminosity. The pulse fraction in the rising phase is larger at luminosity below 7.71 × 1038 erg s−1, but smaller at above. A transition luminosity is found to be energy independent. Such a phenomenon is first confirmed by Insight-HXMT observations and we speculate that it may have relation with the radiation-pressure-dominated accretion disc.
Machine learning applied to multifrequency data in astrophysics: blazar classification
Authors: Arsioli B , Dedin P 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The study of machine learning (ML) techniques for the autonomous classification of astrophysical sources is of great interest, and we explore its applications in the context of a multifrequency data-frame. We test the use of supervised ML to classify blazars according to its synchrotron peak frequency, either lower or higher than 1015 Hz. We select a sample with 4178 blazars labelled as 1279 high synchrotron peak (HSP: $\rm \nu$-peak &gt; 1015 Hz) and 2899 low synchrotron peak (LSP: $\rm \nu$-peak &lt; 1015 Hz). A set of multifrequency features were defined to represent each source that includes spectral slopes ($\alpha _{\nu _1, \nu _2}$) between the radio, infra-red, optical, and X-ray bands, also considering IR colours. We describe the optimization of five ML classification algorithms that classify blazars into LSP or HSP: Random forests (RFs), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), and the Ludwig auto-ML framework. In our particular case, the SVM algorithm had the best performance, reaching 93 per cent of balanced accuracy. A joint-feature permutation test revealed that the spectral slopes alpha-radio-infrared (IR) and alpha-radio-optical are the most relevant for the ML modelling, followed by the IR colours. This work shows that ML algorithms can distinguish multifrequency spectral characteristics and handle the classification of blazars into LSPs and HSPs. It is a hint for the potential use of ML for the autonomous determination of broadband spectral parameters (as the synchrotron ν-peak), or even to search for new blazars in all-sky data bases.
Physical parameters of active galactic nuclei derived from properties of the jet geometry transition region
Authors: Nokhrina E E , Kovalev Y Y , Pushkarev A B 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We use the observed jet boundary transition from parabolic to conical shape, which was previously discovered to be a possible common property in active galactic nuclei, to estimate various parameters for black holes, jets and the ambient medium. We previously explained the geometry transition as a consequence of a change in the jet properties: a transition from a magnetically dominated to an equipartition regime. This interpretation allows us to estimate the black hole spin, the black hole mass and the ambient pressure amplitude, using the observed jet shape break position and the jet width at the transition point, for 11 active galactic nuclei. The black hole spin values obtained using our method are consistent with the lower estimates for sources with redshift z &lt; 2 from spin evolution modelling. We find that the method of black hole mass determination based on the relationship between the broad-line region size and its luminosity may underestimate the masses of sources with large jet viewing angles. We propose a new method for the determination of the black hole mass, obtaining masses in the interval 108–1010 M⊙. The range of values of the ambient pressure amplitude points to the uniform medium conditions for the sources in our sample, with a tentative indication of higher pressure around Fanaroff–Riley II sources.
Amoeba Genome Reveals Dominant Host Contribution to Plastid Endosymbiosis
Authors: Lhee Duckhyun , Lee JunMo , Ettahi Khaoula , Cho Chung Hyun , Ha Ji-San , Chan Ya-Fan , Zelzion Udi , Stephens Timothy G , Price Dana C , Gabr Arwa , Nowack Eva C M , Bhattacharya Debashish , Yoon Hwan Su 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Eukaryotic photosynthetic organelles, plastids, are the powerhouses of many aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The canonical plastid in algae and plants originated &gt;1 Ga and therefore offers limited insights into the initial stages of organelle evolution. To address this issue, we focus here on the photosynthetic amoeba Paulinella micropora strain KR01 (hereafter, KR01) that underwent a more recent (∼124 Ma) primary endosymbiosis, resulting in a photosynthetic organelle termed the chromatophore. Analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data resulted in a high-quality draft assembly of size 707 Mb and 32,361 predicted gene models. A total of 291 chromatophore-targeted proteins were predicted in silico, 208 of which comprise the ancestral organelle proteome in photosynthetic Paulinella species with functions, among others, in nucleotide metabolism and oxidative stress response. Gene coexpression analysis identified networks containing known high light stress response genes as well as a variety of genes of unknown function (“dark” genes). We characterized diurnally rhythmic genes in this species and found that over 49% are dark. It was recently hypothesized that large double-stranded DNA viruses may have driven gene transfer to the nucleus in Paulinella and facilitated endosymbiosis. Our analyses do not support this idea, but rather suggest that these viruses in the KR01 and closely related P. micropora MYN1 genomes resulted from a more recent invasion.
Glutamate-Induced Electrical and Calcium Signals in the Moss Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Koselski Mateusz , Wasko Piotr , Derylo Kamil , Tchorzewski Marek , Trebacz Kazimierz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The mode of transmission of signals between plant cells is an important aspect of plant physiology. The main role in the generation of long-distance signals is played by changes in the membrane potential and cytoplasm calcium concentration, but the relationship between these responses evoked by the same stimuli in the same plant remains unknown. As one of the first plants that colonized land, the moss Physcomitrella patens is a suitable model organism for studying the evolution of signaling pathways in plants. Here, by the application of glutamate as a stimulus, we demonstrated that electrical but not calcium signals can be true carriers of information in long-distance signaling in Physcomitrella. The generation of electrical signals in a form of propagating transient depolarization seems to be dependent on the opening of calcium channels since the responses were reduced or totally blocked by calcium channel inhibitors. While the microelectrode measurements demonstrated the transmission of electric signals between leaf cells and juvenile cells (protonema), the fluorescence imaging of cytoplasmic calcium changes indicated that calcium response occurs only locally—at the site of glutamate application, and only in protonema cells. This study indicates different involvement of glutamate-induced electrical and calcium signals in cell-to-cell communication in these evolutionarily old terrestrial plants.
The Primacy of Duty and Its Efficacy in Combating COVID-19
Authors: Allinson Robert Elliott 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nyansa nye sika na w'akyekyere asie. (‘Wisdom, unlike money, cannot be kept in a safe’) (Appiagyei-Atua 2000).
One critical factor that has contributed to the spread of the virus COVID-19 and resulting illnesses and deaths is both the conceptual and the ethical confusion between the prioritization of individual rights over social duties. The adherence to the belief in the priority of rights over duties has motivated some individuals to refrain from social distancing and, as a result, has placed themselves and other individuals at serious risk to health and life. My argument is that the ethical enjoinder of social duty possesses priority over the ethical value of individual rights especially in times of global crisis. I demonstrate this point by arguing that the concept of individual right is derivative from the concept of social duty and through the argument that the concept of social duty is more efficacious in addressing global threats to human life than is the concept of individual rights. What is needed is an in-depth revision of the moral ordering of rights and duties and a vision of the human being as inherently other directed with duties toward others. I shall examine two specific ethical systems, that of Confucian and African, Akan moral philosophy that exemplify such a revision of the moral order.
Understanding Willingness to Share Smartphone-Sensor Data
Authors: Struminskaya Bella , Toepoel Vera , Lugtig Peter , Haan Marieke , Luiten Annemieke , Schouten Barry 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The growing smartphone penetration and the integration of smartphones into people’s everyday practices offer researchers opportunities to augment survey measurement with smartphone-sensor measurement or to replace self-reports. Potential benefits include lower measurement error, a widening of research questions, collection of in situ data, and a lowered respondent burden. However, privacy considerations and other concerns may lead to nonparticipation. To date, little is known about the mechanisms of willingness to share sensor data by the general population, and no evidence is available concerning the stability of willingness. The present study focuses on survey respondents’ willingness to share data collected using smartphone sensors (GPS, camera, and wearables) in a probability-based online panel of the general population of the Netherlands. A randomized experiment varied study sponsor, framing of the request, the emphasis on control over the data collection process, and assurance of privacy and confidentiality. Respondents were asked repeatedly about their willingness to share the data collected using smartphone sensors, with varying periods before the second request. Willingness to participate in sensor-based data collection varied by the type of sensor, study sponsor, order of the request, respondent’s familiarity with the device, previous experience with participating in research involving smartphone sensors, and privacy concerns. Willingness increased when respondents were asked repeatedly and varied by sensor and task. The timing of the repeated request, one month or six months after the initial request, did not have a significant effect on willingness.
Water insecurity and psychosocial distress: case study of the Detroit water shutoffs
Authors: Gaber Nadia , Silva Andrew , Lewis-Patrick Monica , Kutil Emily , Taylor Debra , Bouier Roslyn 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Water insecurity poses a significant global challenge to health and development. While the biophysical and economic impacts of inadequate water and sanitation are well documented, the complex emotional and social tolls of water insecurity are less understood— particularly in the global North. In this article, we advance understandings of the psychosocial dimensions of water insecurity in Detroit, MI, where an estimated 100 000 households have been disconnected from water and sanitation services since the city declared bankruptcy in 2013.

Methods
A community-based participatory research study was conducted among residents of a local food pantry. A culturally relevant measure of water insecurity was developed through ethnographic engagement, then administered alongside the Kessler Psychological Distress scale.

Results
Our models reveal a substantial, statistically significant effect of water insecurity on psychological distress. Additionally, financial stress in paying for water and sanitation produces significant distress, even independent of water supply status.

Conclusions
Curtailing water and sanitation access has complex, intersecting effects, including implications for community mental health. Rapidly rising utility rates across the USA, in the context of growing poverty, underscore the urgency of addressing this issue. The present study is the first we know of in the USA to examine the relationship between water insecurity and psychosocial distress.
‘Ac si ignis elementaris ibi arderet’: Richard Rolle’s Elemental Love
Authors: Abbott Jean 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The ‘sensuous’ imagery of Richard Rolle’s Incendium Amoris is typically regarded as spiritual metaphor—albeit a very material-seeming one. However, the trio of spiritual sensations Rolle explores at length in this work (fervor, dulcor, and canor) has a more precise, systematic connection with the physical world via the theory of the four terrestrial elements—a cornerstone of medieval natural philosophy. Through his imagery and descriptions, as well as his own reported actions and reactions, Rolle sets up the burning of fervor as a spiritual mirror of physical fire, the breath of canor as air, and the flowing sweetness of dulcor as water. The fourth member of this elemental system, representing earth, is the human soul that experiences one or more of the other elements of God’s love. The resemblance between these spiritual and physical elements is so pervasive, and Incendium exploits it so effectively, that Rolle must carefully and repeatedly specify that they are not, in fact, the same thing. Describing the ineffable through these concrete natural phenomena offers a useful framework for understanding a complex spiritual concept; however, through the idea that elements can transform into one another, it also offers a way of conceptualizing how the devout soul may be fully enveloped in God’s elemental love.
“Whose streets? Our streets!”: Negotiations of Space and Violence in Protests
Authors: Nassauer Anne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article suggests that focusing on situational, interactional space provides a fruitful addition to understanding protest dynamics and the emergence of violence in protests. It suggests connecting insights from social movement research and violence research to examine what happens spatially during a protest. Examining how space can be conceptualized situationally, the article then employs document and visual data, participant observation, and interviews in a qualitative analysis and cross-case comparison of protest marches. Situational space is studied in peaceful and violent marches during three social movements (Global Justice Movement, New Social Movements, 1960s student movement). Findings suggest that a clearly defined, transparent concept of situational space during protest marches can be useful in understanding the unfolding of protest events and that situational space is of particular relevance for the emergence of protest violence. Space is not only a common comfort zone, but for protests, territory also consists of implicit power relations. Thus, spatial incursions by police officers or protesters during protests into space assigned to the other group drastically change dynamics during protest marches, lead to mistrust and rising tensions, and form a crucial bedrock for violent eruptions.
Growth performance, organ weight, fecal scores, plasma, and ceca digesta microbial metabolites in growing pigs fed spent biomass of Pichia kudriavzevii
Authors: Kiarie Elijah G , Voth Conor , Wey Doug , Zhu Cuilan , Huber Lee-Anne , Squires E James 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Growth performance, liver and spleen weight, plasma, and ceca digesta metabolites and incidences of diarrhea were investigated in growing pigs fed spent biomass of Pichia kudriavzevii. Ninety six barrows (~25 kg, 4 pigs/pen) were fed 1 of 4 experimental diets (n = 6) for 7 weeks. The diets were control, corn-, and soybean meal-based diet or control plus 2.5%, 3.75%, or 5.0% P. kudriavzevii. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and iso nitrogenous. Feed intake and body weight (BW) were recorded weekly for calculation of average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Fecal scores were taken 3 d/wk to assess incidence and severity of diarrhea. One pig/pen close to pen average was bled for plasma metabolites on days 7 and 49 and subsequently euthanized for spleen and liver weight, ileal and cecum digesta samples for concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The concentration of crude protein, crude fat, and non-fiber carbohydrates in P. kudriavzevii biomass was 36.4%, 9.6%, and 50.8% DM, respectively. Inclusion of P. kudriavzevii tended (P = 0.06) to linearly reduce ADG from days 8 through 49 resulting in a trend (P = 0.06) for linear reduction in the final BW. The final BW was 79.0, 79.2, 76.8, and 75.5 kg for the 0%, 2.5%, 3.75%, and 5.0% P. kudriavzevii, respectively. Diets had no effect (P &gt; 0.10) on ADFI, G:F, spleen, and liver weight throughout the entire experiment. On day 7, there was cubic (P = 0.03) decrease and quadratic (P = 0.02) increase in plasma concentration of creatinine and urea N, respectively. However, there were no (P &gt; 0.10) diet effects on plasma metabolites on day 49. There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for linear increase in cecum digesta concentration of acetic acid. There were no diet effects (P &gt; 0.10) on fecal score in the first 4 wk of feeding. In conclusion, feeding P. kudriavzevii yeast tended to depress growth and stimulate cecum fermentation at higher dose and had no detrimental effects on organ weights or plasma metabolites in growing pigs.