bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the view of ArH+chemistry in diffuse clouds
Authors: Jacob Arshia M. , Menten Karl M. , Wyrowski Friedrich , Winkel Benjamin , Neufeld David A. 
Published: October 2020

Context.One of the surprises of theHerschelmission was the detection of ArH+towards the Crab Nebula in emission and in absorption towards strong Galactic background sources. Although these detections were limited to the first quadrant of the Galaxy, the existing data suggest that ArH+ubiquitously and exclusively probes the diffuse atomic regions of the interstellar medium.Aims.In this study, we extend the coverage of ArH+to other parts of the Galaxy with new observations of itsJ= 1−0 transition along seven Galactic sight lines towards bright sub-millimetre continuum sources. We aim to benchmark its efficiency as a tracer of purely atomic gas by evaluating its correlation (or lack of correlation as suggested by chemical models) with other well-known atomic gas tracers such as OH+and H2O+and the molecular gas tracer CH.Methods.The observations of theJ= 1−0 line of ArH+near 617.5 GHz were made feasible with the new, sensitive SEPIA660 receiver on the APEX 12 m telescope. Furthermore, the two sidebands of this receiver allowed us to observe theNKaKc= 11,0−10,1transitions of para-H2O+at 607.227 GHz simultaneously with the ArH+line.Results.We modelled the optically thin absorption spectra of the different species and subsequently derived their column densities. By analysing the steady state chemistry of OH+and o-H2O+, we derive on average a cosmic-ray ionisation rate,ζp(H), of (2.3 ± 0.3) × 10−16s−1towards the sight lines studied in this work. Using the derived values ofζp(H) and the observed ArH+abundances we constrain the molecular fraction of the gas traced by ArH+to lie below 2 × 10−2with a median value of 8.8 × 10−4. Combined, our observations of ArH+, OH+, H2O+, and CH probe different regimes of the interstellar medium, from diffuse atomic to diffuse and translucent molecular clouds. Over Galactic scales, we see that the distribution ofN(ArH+) is associated with that ofN(H), particularly in the inner Galaxy (within 7 kpc of the Galactic centre) with potentially even contributions from the warm neutral medium phase of atomic gas at larger galactocentric distances. We derive an average ortho-to-para ratio for H2O+of 2.1 ± 1.0, which corresponds to a nuclear spin temperature of 41 K, consistent with the typical gas temperatures of diffuse clouds.
Effect of Hamstring-to-quadriceps Ratio on Knee Forces in Females During Landing
Authors: Heinert Becky L. , Collins Tia , Tehan Carly , Ragan Robert , Kernozek Thomas W 
Published: October 2020

AbstractACL injuries in the athletic population are a common occurrence with over 70% associated with non-contact mechanisms. The hamstring to quadriceps ratio is a widely used clinical measure to assess an athlete’s readiness to return to sport; however, its relationship to knee forces and ACL tension during landing is unknown. Baseline isokinetic testing was completed on 100 college-aged females. Subjects with strength ratios 0.4 (n=20) and those with ratios of 0.6 (n=20) returned for an assessment of their drop landing. A sagittal plane knee model determined the low ratio group demonstrated 16.6% larger ligament shear (p=0.000), a 26% increase in tibiofemoral shear force (p=0.026) and a 6% increase vertical force between the femur and tibial plateau (p=0.026) compared to the high hamstring ratio group within 100 ms upon impact. The lower ratio group also demonstrated 9.5% greater maximal quadriceps (p=0.028) force during landing. These findings suggest that the hamstring to quadriceps ratio may be related to knee forces and ACL loading during landing. This metric may augment clinical decision making regarding an athlete’s readiness to return to sport or relative risk for re-injury.
Nebenwirkungen immunonkologischer Therapien
Authors: Benesova Karolina , Leipe Jan 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungImmunonkologische Therapien und insbesondere die Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren (ICPi) als Hauptvertreter dieser neuen Substanzklasse kommen bei zunehmender Anzahl von soliden und teils auch hämatologischen Tumorentitäten und Indikationen zum Einsatz. Die relativ hohen (Langzeit-)Tumoransprechraten auch in fortgeschrittenen und therapierefraktären Stadien haben die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten der Onkologie geradezu revolutioniert. Gleichzeitig bringt der zunehmende Einsatz von ICPi auch neue Herausforderungen: Immunonkologische Therapien verursachen ein breites Spektrum an autoimmunen Nebenwirkungen, sogenannten „immune-related adverse events“ (irAEs), die teilweise klassischen Autoimmunopathien ähneln und jedes Organsystem betreffen können. Die große Mehrheit der ICPi-behandelten Patienten erlebt ein irAE an mindestens einem Organsystem und davon weisen ca. 5–20% ein rheumatisches irAEs auf. Diese sind interessanterweise mit einem besseren Tumoransprechraten bei ICPi-Therapie assoziiert und können entweder die Erstmanifestation einer klassischen entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankung oder auch nur eine transiente Nebenwirkung mit spezifischen Charakteristika sein. Zweifelsohne wird das interdisziplinäre Management immunvermittelter Nebenwirkungen auch den Rheumatologen in den nächsten Jahren zunehmend beschäftigen. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst die Erkenntnisse zum klinischen Management von irAEs für den praktizierenden Rheumatologen zusammen.
Status Quo – Die Anforderungen an die medizinische Habilitation in Deutschland
Authors: Strauss Markus , Ehlers Jan , Gerß Joachim , Klotz Luisa , Reinecke Holger , Leischik Roman 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In Deutschland gilt die Habilitation als Nachweis der Qualifikation zur selbstständigen Forschung und Lehre und ist die Voraussetzung zur Erlangung der Lehrbefähigung im jeweiligen Fachgebiet. Die Voraussetzungen sind in den Habilitationsordnungen der Universitäten und gleichgestellten Institutionen festgelegt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel verfolgt das Ziel, die Anforderungen an die Habilitation der medizinischen Fakultäten aufzuzeigen und Verbesserungsvorschläge hinsichtlich dessen darzulegen.
Methoden Die gültigen Habilitationsordnungen und Ausführungsbestimmungen aller 39 deutschen medizinischen Fakultäten wurden auf folgende Zielkriterien analysiert: Gesamtpublikationen (n), Erst- und Letztautorenschaften (n), Lehrleistungen, Berücksichtigung von Drittmitteleinwerbung, Patentrechte, Abstracts auf Kongressen, Teilnahme an didaktischen Fortbildungen, kumulative Habilitation, Voraussetzung von Promotion oder äquivalenten Leistungen, Gutachter (n) und deren Zugehörigkeit, Abhaltung eines hochschulöffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Vortrags sowie einer Lehrprobe.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 37 Habilitationsordnungen in die Analyse einbezogen. Die Habilitationsanforderungen unterscheiden sich in mehreren zentralen Punkten, vor allem in der Zahl der geforderten Erst- und Letztautorenschaften, Gesamtanzahl der Publikationen und Bewertung der Publikationsleistung. Eine kumulative Habilitation ist an 97 % (n = 36) der Universitäten möglich. Deutliche Unterschiede bestehen auch in Bezug auf die Auswahl der Gutachtenden (nur Interne, Interne und Externe, nur Externe).
Schlussfolgerung Die quantitativen und qualitativen Anforderungen und deren Gewichtung sind zwischen den Ordnungen häufig uneinheitlich. Zur Steigerung der Transparenz und Würdigung der erbrachten wissenschaftlichen Leistung erscheint eine Vereinheitlichung der Anforderungen zielführend.
Investigating the Effect of Fresh Frozen Plasma and Albumin on DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Poisoning Cases by Organophosphates
Authors: Afzali Saeed , Karami Manoochehr , Kheyripour Nejat , Ranjbar Akram 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of albumin and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and their effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress has been evaluated. In a randomized clinical control trial, 33 poisoned patients by Organophosphate (OP) were enrolled in the research and divided into three groups. The first group underwent conventional treatments by atropine and pralidoxime (control group); the second and third groups, in addition to traditional treatments, received albumin and FFP. Cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum thiol groups (TTG), malonyl aldehyde (MDA) and DNA damage were measured in all treatment and control groups. Patients were matched in terms of demographic characteristics at the beginning of the study. ChE activity was increased in all three groups during treatment, which was more noticeable in the FFP group and was statistically significant in both albumin and FFP group compared to the control group (p<0.05). TAC increased, and TTG decreased in FFP and albumin groups compared to the control group; no significant difference was observed. MDA decreased in albumin and FFP and was significantly different in the FFP group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The amount of DNA damage in FFP and albumin groups decreased, and there was a significant difference compared to the control group (p<0.05). According to the results of this study, due to the decrease of oxidative damage parameters and the increase of antioxidant parameters in albumin and specially FFP groups, FFP may be considered as an adjunctive treatment for OP poisoning.
A GLP-2 Analogue Protects SH-SY5Y and Neuro-2a Cells Against Mitochondrial Damage, Autophagy Impairments and Apoptosis in a Parkinson Model
Authors: Su Yunfang , Zhang Zijuan , Li Hao , Ma Jinlian , Sun Limin , Shao Simai , Zhang Zhenqiang , Hölscher Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a peptide hormone that belongs to the glucagon-derived peptide family. We have previously shown that analogues of the sister hormone Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) showed neuroprotective effects. Here we investigated the effect of a GLP-2 agonist in a cell model of Parkinsonʼs disease (PD) created by treating SH-SY5Y or Neuro-2a cells with 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine ion (MPP+). Cell viability and cell cytotoxicity was detected by MTT and LDH assays, respectively. The protein expression levels of mitochondrial, autophagy and apoptotic biomarkers including PGC-1α, Mfn2, IRE1, ATG7, LC3B, Beclin1 and Bcl-2 were detected by western blot. Mitochondrial superoxide was detected by MitoSOX Red. In addition, mitochondrial morphology, autophagosome and apoptotic corpuscles were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). We found that the GLP-1 and the GLP-2 agonists both protect cells against mitochondrial damage, autophagy impairments and apoptosis induced by MPP+both in SH-SY5Y and Neuro-2a cells. Cell signaling for mitogenesis was enhanced, and oxidative stress levels much reduced by the drugs. This demonstrates for the first time the neuroprotective effects of a GLP-2 analogue in PD cellular models, in which oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis play crucial roles. The protective effects were comparable to those seen with the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide. The results suggest that not only GLP-1, but also GLP-2 has neuroprotective properties and may be useful as a novel treatment of PD.
Estado de la urología reconstructiva en Colombia: Tratamiento de la estrechez uretral anterior, una encuesta nacional
Authors: Patiño Germán A. , Carreño Gabriel L. , Gwinner Juan Guillermo Prada , Perez Jaime 
Published: October 2020

Resumen
Purpose El tratamiento mínimamente invasivo de la estrechez uretral tiene altas tasas de recurrencia y re-operación a largo plazo, no obstante, encuestas realizadas en otros países han demostrado que los urólogos tienen poca experiencia con la uretroplastia abierta y hay una preferencia a la utilización de las terapias endoscópicas mínimamente invasivas. El objetivo de este estudio, es describir patrones de práctica del tratamiento de la estrechez de uretra anterior en nuestro país.
Métodos Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo y para ello se realizó un cuestionario adaptado a nuestro contexto nacional, basado en varios estudios previamente realizados acerca de la experiencia en Urología reconstructiva. Ese cuestionario incluía información sobre la edad, nivel de experiencia en urología general, la experiencia en urología reconstructiva, escenario de la práctica y las técnicas preferidas para el manejo de las estrecheces uretrales pendulares y bulbares. La información fue almacenada de forma anónima, los datos fueron analizados mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS y se realizó un análisis de distribución de frecuencias.
Resultados Se obtuvieron 106 respuestas de los urólogos encuestados. Para el tratamiento de la estrechez uretral pendular la mayoría de los urólogos prefiere el manejo endoscópico mínimamente invasivo, seguido de uretroplastia con injerto con porcentajes de 69,9% y 25,5% respectivamente. Solo el 5% prefiere derivar a sus pacientes a un centro especializado. Para la estrechez de la uretra bulbar se prefiere las técnicas mínimamente invasivas, uretroplastia y remisión a un centro especializado en un 44,3%, 41,5% y 14,2% respectivamente. La población más joven y con formación urológica más reciente tiende a hacer más a menudo la uretroplastia con injerto y menos manejo endoscópico, específicamente la uretrotomía interna. En las ciudades intermedias, hay una predilección por el tratamiento endoscópico, especialmente uretrotomía interna.
Conclusiones El enfoque de tratamiento mínimamente invasivo de la estrechez uretral es el más frecuentemente elegido a pesar de sus pobres tasas de éxito a largo plazo. Es de destacar que las nuevas generaciones de urólogos muestran más interés y dominio de las técnicas abiertas, tratamiento estándar hoy en día y con bajas tasas de recaídas y reoperación a largo plazo.
Predictors of PROMIS Physical Function at 2 Years following Knee Surgery
Authors: Hunt Darius , Zhang Tina , Koenig Scott , Aneizi Ali , Perraut Gregory , Shasti Keyan , Wahl Alexander J. , Meredith Sean J. , Henn R. Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS PF) 2 years following knee surgery, and identify preoperative factors associated with postoperative PROMIS PF. Three hundred and sixty-five patients, age 17 years and older, undergoing knee surgery at one institution were studied. Patients completed multiple questionnaires prior to surgery and again 2 years postoperatively including PROMIS PF, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), joint and body numeric pain scales (NPS), Tegner's activity scale (TAS), and Marx's activity rating scale (MARS). Mean PROMIS PF improved from 41.4 to 50.9 at 2 years postoperatively (p < 0.001) and was strongly correlated with 2-year IKDC scores. Older age, female gender, non-Hispanic ethnicity, unemployment, lower income, government insurance, smoking, preoperative opioid use, having a legal claim, comorbidities, previous surgeries, higher body mass index (BMI), and knee arthroplasty were associated with worse 2-year PROMIS PF. Multivariable analysis confirmed that lower BMI, less NPS body pain, and higher MARS were independent predictors of greater 2-year PROMIS PF and better improvement in PROMIS PF. In this large, broad cohort of knee surgery patients, multiple preoperative factors were associated with PROMIS PF 2 years postoperatively. PROMIS PF scores improved significantly, but worse 2 year PROMIS PF scores and less improvement from baseline were independently predicted by higher BMI, greater NPS body pain, and lower MARS activity level. PROMIS PF can be implemented as an efficient means to assess outcomes after knee surgery.
Risk Factors for New Meniscal Tears following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Chan Chloe Xiaoyun , Silas Christian , Ifran Nadia Nastassia , Mok Ying Ren , Krishna Lingaraj 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims to compare the rate of meniscal tears after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in patients who have undergone concomitant meniscal repair during the index procedure with that in patients who have not undergone such surgery. It also evaluates other risk factors, such as age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), site of concomitant meniscal surgery, and ACL graft failure. This is a retrospective study conducted at a large tertiary public hospital. Patients who underwent primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery with or without concomitant meniscal repair from 2011 to 2016 were identified. Patients with old meniscal tears and previous meniscal surgeries were excluded. The aforementioned demographical, injury, and surgical details were obtained and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Our study cohort included 754 patients. Primary ACLR surgery was performed with meniscal repair in 172 (22.8%) of the patients, with meniscectomy in 202 (26.8%) of the patients, and without concomitant meniscal surgery in 380 (50.4%) of the patients. A total of 81 (10.7%) patients developed meniscal tears after the index procedure. Such tears occurred in 12.2% (21 of 172) of the patients who had undergone concomitant meniscal repair during the index ACLR, and in 10.3% (60 of 582) of the patients who had not undergone concomitant meniscal repair (p = 0.30). On multivariate analysis, only ACL graft failure was significantly associated with new meniscal tears (p < 0.001, odds ratio 18.69, 95% confidence interval 9.18–38.05). ACL graft failure is the only independent risk factor for meniscal tears after ACLR surgery in our large cohort of patients. Concomitant meniscal repair was not an associated risk factor.
Increased Risk of Short-Term Complications in Smokers Undergoing Primary Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Carender Christopher N. , DeMik David E. , Bedard Nicholas A. , Glass Natalie A. , Brown Timothy S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effects of smoking on unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on short-term outcomes following primary UKA. A query of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) database was used to identify cases of primary UKA performed during years 2006 to 2017. Patient demographics, operative times, and postoperative complications were compared between smoking and nonsmoking cohorts. Descriptive statistics, univariate analyses, and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of smoking on primary UKA. A total of 10,593 cases of UKA were identified; 1,046 of these patients were smokers. Univariate analysis demonstrated smokers to have higher rates of any complication (4.6 vs. 3.3%, p = 0.031), any wound complication (1.82 vs. 0.94%, p = 0.008), deep wound infection (0.57 vs. 0.13%, p = 0.006), and reoperation (1.34 vs. 0.68%, p = 0.018) relative to nonsmokers. Multivariate analysis demonstrated smokers to have higher rates of any wound complication (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–2.95) and reoperation (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.12–3.97). Smokers undergoing primary UKA are at higher risk for any wound complication and reoperation relative to nonsmokers in the first 30 days postoperatively. Further studies evaluating the long-term effects of smoking on outcome following UKA, as well as the impact of smoking cessation on outcomes following UKA, are needed.
Central Transpatellar Tendon Portal Is Safe When Used for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Perelli Simone , Erquicia Juan Ignacio , Morales Marin Carlos , Bracamonte Salgado William Teodoro , Masferrer-Pino Angel , Perez-Prieto Daniel , Monllau Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCentral transpatellar tendon portal (CTP) was suggested first for complex meniscal lesion and subsequently for a better femoral footprint view during reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). A comprehensive evaluation of possible consequences of using the CTP performing an ACL reconstruction does not exist. Our hypothesis was that the use of CTP for ACL reconstruction does not lead to a higher rate of complications or clinically evident radiological abnormalities. In total, 141 patients were prospectively evaluated, 69 underwent ACL reconstruction using a standard high medial portal as view portal, and 72 where a CTP was used. Clinical evaluation, Kujala's score, patellar height, and magnetic resonance (MR) abnormalities were evaluated up to 1-year follow-up. Clinical complications were reported in 16 cases with no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The group 2 had significantly more MR abnormalities (p = 0.048), but the differences in MR alterations do not have any clinical repercussion even in a sports-active population. No differences were found between the groups in Kujala's score, time to return to work, and sport or patellar height. The overall mean preoperative Caton-Deschamps Index decreased significantly (p = 0.034) postoperatively. Postoperative patellar height seems to slightly decrease after ACL reconstruction regardless of the kind of the portals used intraoperatively and the initial patellar height. Nevertheless, this change in patellar height does not influence the postoperative outcome. CTP used for ACL reconstruction does not lead to significative major clinical complications.
Neddylation is critical to cortical development by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jing Hongyang , Li Haiwen , Chen Wenbing , Luo Bin , Zhang Hongsheng , Dong Zhaoqi , Li Lei , Su Huabo , Xiong Wen-Cheng , Mei Lin 
Published: October 2020

Significance
The neocortex is characterized by a six-layered structure that is critical to brain function. Cortical development requires proper generation and differentiation of neurons that migrate out from the ventricular zone to populate the cortex. This is regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which reduces gradually during cortical development. However, how the decreasing of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is regulated is largely unclear. We demonstrate that neddylation, a ubiquitylation-like protein posttranslational modification, targets β-catenin itself to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the process. We also show that ablating Nae1, an obligative subunit of the E1 for neddylation, from cortical progenitor cells leads to similar phenotypes in β-catenin gain-of-function mice. This study reveals a previously unappreciated role of neddylation in regulating cortical lamination by targeting β-catenin signaling.
Cross-level sociodemographic homogeneity alters individual risk for completed suicide
Authors: Pescosolido Bernice A. , Lee Byungkyu , Kafadar Karen 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Recent unexpected increases in US suicides reinforce calls for fresh approaches to understanding suicide risk. Theorizing the complexity of suicide risk and harmonizing existing large data sources, we find two distinct patterns. Having more similar others in a geographical context dampens suicide risk for non–native-born, unemployed, and widowed individuals. However, social similarity heightens suicide risk in counties with a larger share of some race/ethnic and marital status groups. Knowing how social contexts alter individual suicide risk suggests innovative research directions, and provides paths to craft personalized and tailored strategies for anti-suicide programs, policies, and treatment.