bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic Neuroanatomical Methods
Authors: Paletzki Ronald F. , Gerfen Charles R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis unit covers some basic procedures that are common to a wide range of neuroanatomical protocols for brain tissue. Procedures are provided for preparation of unfixed fresh brain tissue as well as for perfusion fixation of animals to obtain fixed neural tissue. A variety of methods for sectioning are described, including frozen sectioning using a cryostat or microtome and sectioning with a vibratome. The choice of sectioning method depends on how the brain has been prepared and what histochemical method is to be used. A fluorescent immunohistochemical method to localize endogenous molecules as well as induced markers such as green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein is also provided. Additionally, three post‐sectioning procedures are described: defatting of slide‐mounted sections, fluorescent Nissl staining, and thionin staining of sections. Finally, support protocols are provided, describing a method for maintaining the correct order of cut tissue, whether rostral to caudal or lateral to medial; a procedure for subbing slides with gelatin, which is necessary in some protocols in order for sections to adhere to slides; and preparation of custom 3D‐printed 10‐ or 20‐well tissue plates and trays for subsequent immunostaining. Published 2019. U.S. Government.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of unfixed fresh‐frozen brain tissueBasic Protocol 2: Perfusion fixationBasic Protocol 3: Cryostat sectioning of frozen brain tissueBasic Protocol 4: Sliding‐microtome sectioning of fixed brain tissueBasic Protocol 5: Vibratome and Compresstome sectioningSupport Protocol 1: Tissue collection in a 1‐in‐10 seriesSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of gelatin‐subbed microscope slidesSupport Protocol 3: Custom 3D‐printed 10‐ and 20‐well tissue platesBasic Protocol 6: Post‐sectioning procedures I: Fluorescent immunohistochemical localizationBasic Protocol 7: Post‐sectioning procedures II: DefattingBasic Protocol 8: Post‐sectioning procedures III: Nissl stainingBasic Protocol 9: Post‐sectioning procedures IV: Thionin staining
Ultrasmall 2 D CoxZn2−x(Benzimidazole)4 Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets and their Derived Co Nanodots@Co,N‐Codoped Graphene for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhao Kuangmin , Liu Suqin , Ye Guanying , Wei Xianli , Su Yuke , Zhu Weiwei , Zhou Zhi , He Zhen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of nonprecious metal–nitrogen–carbon (M‐N‐C) materials with efficient metal utilization and abundant active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance for fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Ultrasmall 2 D CoxZn2−x(benzimidazole)4 [CoxZn2−x(bim)4] bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets (≈2 nm thick) are synthesized by a novel bottom‐up strategy and then thermally converted into a core–shell structure of sub‐5 nm Co nanodots (NDs) wrapped with 2 to 5 layers of Co,N‐codoped graphene (Co@FLG). The size of the Co NDs in Co@FLG could be precisely controlled by the Co/Zn ratio in the CoxZn2−x(bim)4 nanosheet. As an ORR electrocatalyst, the optimized Co@FLG exhibits an excellent half‐wave potential of 0.841 V (vs. RHE), a high limiting current density of 6.42 mA cm−2, and great stability in alkaline electrolyte. Co@FLG also has great ORR performance in neutral electrolyte, as well as in Mg–air batteries. The experimental studies and DFT calculations reveal that the high performance of Co@FLG is mainly attributed to its great O2 absorptivity, which is endowed by the abundant Co−Nx and pyridinic‐N in the FLG shell and the strong electron‐donating ability from the Co ND core to the FLG shell. This elevates the eg orbital energy of CoII and lowers the activation energy for breaking the O=O/O−O bonds. This work sheds light on the design and fabrication of 2 D MOFs and MOF‐derived M‐N‐C materials for energy storage and conversion applications.
Performance enhancement routing protocols for heterogeneous WSNs
Authors: Mohamed Fathia A. , Hassan Emad S. , Dessouky Moawad I. , Elsafrawey Amir S. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryOne of the main constraints in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the energy consumption. To mitigate this limitation and to prolong network life‐time, stability period and throughput, this paper proposes new cluster‐heads selection protocols, they based on Stable Election Protocol (SEP) and Distributed Energy‐Efficient Clustering (DEEC). We first propose Enhanced Zonal‐SEP (EZSEP) and Zonal Threshold‐DEEC (ZTDEEC) protocols, the proposed protocols are based on dividing the network field into certain zones, this will improve the connectivity of the far normal nodes with the base station (BS). Several evaluation metrics are used to compare between the proposed protocols and the conventional ZSEP and TDEEC protocols such as: network stability, instability period, life‐time and throughput. Considering the same total initial energy, the obtained results show that the proposed EZSEP slightly outperforms the conventional ZSEP in terms of network stability, instability period and life‐time, it achieves enormous improvements in terms of throughput as more nodes can transmit direct to BS. On the other hand, the proposed ZTDEEC provides huge improvements in terms of all the evaluation metrics mentioned above. To further improve the network life‐time and network throughput, we propose Threshold‐based EZSEP (TE‐ZSEP) and Enhanced‐ZTDEEC (EZ‐TDEEC) protocols, in these two new protocols we redefine the threshold formula used in EZSEP and ZTDEEC to consider both weighted energy and weighted distance parameters. By combining the idea of dividing the network field into certain zones and the new threshold formula, the proposed TE‐ZSEP and EZ‐TDEEC protocols can effectively improve the energy consumption in heterogeneous WSN and prolong its life‐time as proved by the obtained results.
Detection of the myostatin‐neutralizing antibody Domagrozumab in serum by means of Western blotting and LC‐HRMS
Authors: Walpurgis Katja , Thomas Andreas , Thevis Mario 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe TGF‐β cytokine myostatin is considered to be one of the key regulators of skeletal muscle mass. Consequently, specific inhibitors of the growth factor and its signaling pathways are promising therapeutics for the treatment of muscle wasting disorders as well as potential performance‐enhancing agents in sports. Domagrozumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the circulating cytokine, thus preventing receptor activation. Within this study, two complementary detection assays for Domagrozumab from serum were developed by using ammonium sulfate precipitation and immunoaffinity purification either in combination with tryptic digestion and LC‐HRMS or Western blotting. While the LC‐HRMS assay is highly specific for diagnostic peptides originating from both the heavy and the light chain of the antibody, the second assay is capable of generically detecting intact therapeutic proteins comprising a human Fc domain and exhibiting high specificity for dimeric myostatin/GDF‐11. Following optimization, both assays were comprehensively characterized. They can readily be modified to include further protein drugs and will expand the range of available tests for emerging myostatin inhibitors.
School health class associated with reduced odds of eating disorder symptoms in American adolescents
Authors: Kremer Michael J. , Kremer Kristen P. , Kremer Theodore R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveEating disorder symptoms, including eating disorder diagnosis, binge eating, and unhealthy weight loss, are associated with health risks, and adolescence may be an optimal time to provide education on healthy alternatives. This research explored whether in‐school health information during adolescence is associated with eating disorder symptoms in young adulthood.MethodData were used from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative study of American youth, including information from Wave I, when participants were in Grades 7–12, and from Wave III, when participants were aged 18–26. Logistic regression analyses predicted eating disorder symptoms from in‐school health information, adjusting for demographic and educational covariates. In‐school health information and eating disorder symptoms were based on participant self‐report.ResultsIn‐school health information about both diet (the foods you should and should not eat) and the importance of exercise compared to no health information reduced the odds of youth‐reported eating disorder history odds ratio ((OR) = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.11–0.48). Individuals who received information on exercise alone compared to no health information were also less likely to use weight pills to control weight (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.11–0.61). There was no difference in binge‐eating symptoms based on school health class.DiscussionFindings from this exploratory research study indicate that in‐school receipt of information on diet and exercise has modest associations with eating disorder symptoms, including lower odds of a self‐reported eating disorder and lower odds of using weight loss pills. Further research is needed to definitely test the role of school health class on eating disorder symptoms.
Soil respiration of four forests along elevation gradient in northern subtropical China
Authors: Ma Mingzhe , Zang Zhenhua , Xie Zongqiang , Chen Quansheng , Xu Wenting , Zhao Changming , shen Guozhen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsSoil respiration is the second‐largest terrestrial carbon (C) flux, and soil temperature and soil moisture are the main drivers of temporal variation in soil respiration and its components. Here, we quantified the contribution of soil temperature, soil moisture, and their intersection on the variation in soil respiration and its components of the evergreen broad‐leaved forests (EBF), mixed evergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved forests (MF), deciduous broad‐leaved forests (DBF), and subalpine coniferous forests (CF) along an elevation gradient.MethodsWe measured soil respiration of four types of forests along the elevation gradient in Shennongjia, Hubei China based on the trenching experiments. We parameterized the relationships between soil respiration and soil temperature, soil moisture, and quantified the intersection of temperature and moisture on soil respiration and its components.ResultsTotal soil respiration (RS), heterotrophic respiration (RH), and autotrophic respiration (RA) were significantly correlated with soil temperature in all four forests. The Q10 value of soil respiration significantly differed among the four types of forest, and the Q10 was 3.06 for EBF, 3.75 for MF, 4.05 for DBF, and 4.49 for CF, respectively. The soil temperature explained 62%–81% of the variation in respiration, while soil temperature and soil moisture together explained 91%–97% of soil respiration variation for the four types of forests. The variation from the intersection of soil temperature and moisture were 12.1%–25.0% in RS, 1.0%–7.0% in RH, and 17.1%–19.6% in RA, respectively.ConclusionsOur results show that the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil respiration increased with elevation. The intersection between soil temperature and soil moisture had strong effects on soil respiration, especially in RH. We demonstrated that the intersection effects between soil temperature and soil moisture on soil respiration were essential to understand the response of soil respiration and its components to climate change.
Increased water yield and altered water partitioning follow wildfire in a forested catchment in the western United States
Authors: Blount Kyle , Ruybal Christopher J. , Franz Kristie J. , Hogue Terri S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs wildfires in much of the western United States increase in size, frequency, and severity, understanding the impact of these fires on water yield from forested headwater basins is essential to successful management of water resources. The current study examines the changes in partitioning of the hydrologic cycle in the Mill Creek Basin that follow the Chippy Creek Fire in Montana, USA, due to alterations to the vegetative regime. The analysis utilizes remote sensing‐based vegetation indices and evapotranspiration, a model‐interpolated precipitation product, and discharge data to assess annual water budgets and vegetative regimes in the Mill Creek Basin. After being almost 90% burned in the Chippy Creek Fire, vegetation in the catchment has shifted from almost exclusively mixed conifer forest to sagebrush scrubs and grasses. This shift in vegetation is accompanied by abrupt shifts in partitioning of the water budget, resulting in an altered ecohydrologic regime. Post‐fire, evapotranspiration decreases annually by 250 mm (46%), and evaporative fraction decreases by 0.53. However, evapotranspiration product biases may overestimate this decrease from pre‐ to post‐fire. This decrease in evapotranspiration results in an annual increase in streamflow of 136 mm, a 21% increase in the runoff ratio, and a 140% increase in water yield. These changes to the water budget are consistent for 10 years post‐fire and show no trend towards pre‐fire values during the study period. Results will help inform planning and management of water resources downstream of forested catchments that have been impacted by wildfire.
Interspecific competition in bats and diet shifts in response to white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Morningstar Derek E. , Robinson Chloe V. , Shokralla Shadi , Hajibabaei Mehrdad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince the introduction of white‐nose syndrome (WNS) in North America, numerous species of bat have dwindled in numbers. These declines observed are often species‐specific and thus provides opportunity for a natural experiment to test for shifts in diet through relaxed resource partitioning in bat communities post‐introduction of WNS. Acoustic monitoring at locations in Southern Ontario pre‐ (2009–2011) and post‐WNS (2012–2014) introduction showed an increase in activity of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) corresponding to a decline in the activity of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Next‐generation sequencing of bat stomachs and guano in Southern Ontario before and after WNS allowed for the characterization of diet changes of these species. Post‐WNS, E. fuscus consumed a wider breadth of prey and many of the insect species once consumed by M. lucifugus, including several pest insects. These results suggest that the introduction of WNS has resulted in relaxed interspecific competition within these bat communities in Southern Ontario.
Integrated assessment of ecosystem recovery using a multifunctionality approach
Authors: Strobl Katharina , Kollmann Johannes , Teixeira Leonardo H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEcological restoration has great potential for reversing anthropogenic degradation, as it aims at the simultaneous recovery of several ecosystem functions and services. However, it can be challenging to evaluate multiple restoration targets based on a high number of indicators, and this calls for a multifunctionality approach. Multifunctionality is an integrated measure of the relative supply of multiple ecosystem functions or services. As temporal aspects are of key importance for ecosystem recovery, we analyzed multifunctionality against time since restoration. We used rewetted peatlands in a mountainous region in Central Germany as a study case. Restored peatlands are expected to become multifunctional, while their recovery is rather slow. We investigated to what extent rewetted peatlands recover, and how time since restoration controls the simultaneous development of multiple ecosystem properties. We studied restored peatlands with respect to plant diversity, water table, peat decomposition, water holding capacity, and nutrient level using a chronosequence of 0–18 yr after restoration. We analyzed the development of individual properties and of a combined index. We further compared the recovery of restored sites at different ages to an intact reference peatland and to a theoretical optimum value, defined as the mean of the eleven most desirable values observed. Eleven out of 13 peatland properties and the combined index significantly evolved with time since restoration. Nevertheless, we could not observe a consistent trend of multiple properties if aiming at highest levels of functioning, whereas there was progress with time if low or intermediate functioning is targeted. Our results show that not all functions of restored peatlands can recover to the most desirable extent within 18 yr. However, the average functionality and some individual properties achieved levels comparable to the reference site, highlighting that improvement is possible. While the integrated assessment informs about the degree of ecosystem recovery, an additional analysis of individual properties helps understanding ecosystem‐specific dynamics, which are needed for making decisions on potential future management.
A Sensor for Serotonin and Dopamine Detection in Cancer Cells Line Based on the Conducting Polymer−Pd Complex Composite
Authors: Chung Saeromi , Akhtar Mahmood H. , Benboudiaf A. , Park Deog‐Su , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor based on the conducting polymer composite with a palladium complex (Pd(C2H4N2S2)2) was developed for the detection of serotonin and dopamine simultaneously in the breast cancer cell and human plasma samples. The proposed sensor was fabricated using the Pd(C2H4N2S2)2 complex‐anchored poly2,2 : 5,2‐terthiophene‐3‐(p‐benzoic acid) (pTBA) layer on the AuNPs decorated reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs@rGO) substrate, which revealed the enhanced anodic current of the target species. The sensor probe was characterized by electrochemical and surface analysis methods. The experimental parameters affecting the sensor performance were optimized, in terms of AuNPs@rGO concentration, the number of electropolymerization cycle for pTBA, immobilization time of Pd(C2H4N2S2)2, and pH. The dynamic ranges for serotonin and dopamine were obtained from 0.02 to 200 μM, and from 0.1 to 200 μM with the detection limit of 2.5, and 24.0 nM, respectively. The reliability of proposed sensor was evaluated using cancer cell lines for the clinical applications.
A method based on improved ant lion optimization and support vector regression for remaining useful life estimation of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yingzhou , Ni Yulong , Li Na , Lu Shuai , Zhang Shude , Feng Zhongbao , Wang Jianguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRemaining useful life (RUL) prediction of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) plays a very important role in the prognostics and health management (PHM). Accurately predicting RUL of batteries can maintain and replace the batteries in advance to guarantee the safety and stability of the energy storage system (ESS). A method based on improved ant lion optimization and support vector regression (IALO‐SVR) is proposed to accurately predict RUL of LIBs. The ALO algorithm easily falls into the local optimal solution, the levy flight algorithm is utilized to improve the shortcoming of the ALO algorithm. With the mathematical comparison of particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), and ALO algorithms, the results indicate that the IALO algorithm has higher convergence accuracy. Experimental data simulations were performed using the battery datasets of NASA Prognostics Center of Excellence (PCoE) and the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) to verify the proposed method. Through comparison with SVR, PSO‐LSSVM, and ALO‐SVR methods, the results indicate that the RUL prediction is more accurate based upon the IALO‐SVR method. Therefore, the proposed method can provide high prediction accuracy in battery health prognosis.
Effect of roof movement on gas flow in an extremely thick coal seam under fully mechanized sublevel caving mining conditions
Authors: Guo Haijun , Li Xianzhang , Cui Hao , Chen Kaixuan , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe abnormal emission of gas in coals is the main factor that induces serious gas disasters in coal mines. During the coal mining process, roof movement has important effects on the gas emission law and gas flow characteristics. In this study, an extremely thick coal seam under fully mechanized sublevel caving mining conditions from the Tashan coal mine in China was used as an example; the effect of roof weighting on gas emission in the goaf was studied. Then, the large roof weighting step and the small roof weighting step caused by the different thicknesses of lamprophyre breakage were used as the objects and a numerical simulation study on the gas flow characteristics in the goaf was carried out. The results indicate that the mining coal seams, the overlying adjacent unmined coal seams, and the goaf are the main contributors to the large gas emission capacity, and even situations exist where the gas concentration exceeds the limit in the working face. During roof weighting, the gas concentration and emission capacity in the return airway, upper corner, and high drainage roadway increase substantially. The results of the numerical analysis are in good agreement with the observed data, which indicates that it is effective to control the gas in coal seams by designing the location of high drainage roadway according to the mining characteristics of coal seam and the gas emission law.
Development of a Novel Equilibrium Passive Sampling Device for Methylmercury in Sediment and Soil Porewaters
Authors: Sanders James P. , McBurney Alyssa , Gilmour Cynthia C. , Schwartz Grace E. , Washburn Spencer , Kane Driscoll Susan B. , Brown Steven S. , Ghosh Upal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We explored the concept of equilibrium passive sampling for methylmercury (MeHg) using the strategy developed for hydrophobic organic chemicals. Passive sampling should allow prediction of the concentration of the chemically labile fraction of MeHg in sediment porewaters based on equilibrium partitioning into the sampler, without modeling diffusion rates through the sampler material. Our goals were to identify sampler materials with the potential to mimic MeHg partitioning into animals and sediments and provide reversible sorption in a time frame appropriate for in situ samplers. Candidate materials tested included a range of polymers embedded with suitable sorbents for MeHg. The most promising were activated carbon (AC) embedded in agarose, thiol–self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports embedded in agarose, and cysteine-functionalized polyethylene terephthalate, which yielded log sampler–water partition coefficients of 2.8 to 5 for MeHgOH and MeHg complexed with dissolved organic matter (Suwannee River humic acid). Sampler equilibration time in sediments was approximately 1 to 2 wk. Investigation of the MeHg accumulation mechanism by AC embedded in agarose suggested that sampling was kinetically influenced by MeHg interactions with AC particles and not limited by diffusion through the gel for this material. Also, AC exhibited relatively rapid desorption of Hg and MeHg, indicating that this sorbent is capable of reversible, equilibrium measurements. In sediment:water microcosms, porewater concentrations made with isotherm-calibrated passive samplers agreed within a factor of 2 (unamended sediment) or 4 (AC-amended sediment) with directly measured concentrations. The present study demonstrates a potential new approach to passive sampling of MeHg. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:323–334. © 2019 SETAC
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