bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single lycaenid caterpillar gets an ant‐constructed shelter and uninterrupted ant attendance
Authors: Ekka Priya Aradhya , Rastogi Neelkamal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnt‐lycaenid associations range from mutualism to parasitism and the caterpillars of some species of lycaenids are reported to enter ant nests for shelter, diapause, or pupation. The present study aimed to examine the nature of the association between Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and Camponotus compressus (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) worker ants on the extrafloral nectary‐bearing cowpea plant, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabaceae). The abundance patterns of the ants and the lycaenid caterpillars together with the spatial patrolling patterns of the ants on the plants revealed that ant abundance increased with the occurrence of the lycaenid caterpillars and the ants preferred the lycaenids over the extrafloral nectar. Camponotus compressus worker ants constructed a shelter at the cowpea plant base after interaction with one or more lycaenid caterpillar(s) and tended the caterpillars and pupae till the emergence of the butterfly. The ant‐constructed shelters (ACSs) inhabited by the minor caste workers (13 ± 1.3 ants per ACS), were utilized by the caterpillars to undergo pupation. The ants confined their activities predominantly to tending the pod‐feeding caterpillars and the solitary pupa within each ACS. It appears that the behavior of the tending worker ants is modulated by the lycaenid vulnerable stages.
Influence of harmonic radar tag attachment on nymphal Halyomorpha halys mobility, survivorship, and detectability
Authors: Kirkpatrick Danielle M. , Rice Kevin B. , Ibrahim Aya , Morrison William R. , Leskey Tracy C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a polyphagous invasive insect and currently one of the most threatening agricultural pests in the USA and globally. Nymphs are highly mobile, moving among host plants, and causing significant damage. Thus, understanding dispersal biology for all life stages is critical for the development of reliable monitoring and management programs. Here, we evaluated the influence of harmonic radar as a tool to study dispersal ecology of nymphal H. halys; we measured the impact of glues and tag attachment on survivorship and mobility in the laboratory and validated in the field that tagged and released nymphs could be tracked on baited and unbaited host and non‐host plants using harmonic radar. In the laboratory, four glues were evaluated for attaching harmonic radar tags securely to nymphs, and survivorship with attached tags was measured. There were no significant differences in survivorship or vertical and horizontal movement among nymphs with tags affixed with the glue treatments compared with the untagged control. Based on numerically greater survivorship of nymphs with tags affixed with Loctite glass glue, a field validation study of tagged nymphs released in host (apple tree) and non‐host (mowed grass) with or without H. halys pheromonal stimuli present revealed that nymphs could be successfully relocated using harmonic radar after 48 h. Among treatments, 83% of nymphs remained in baited and unbaited apple trees, 50% of nymphs remained in baited mowed grass plots, and in unbaited mowed grass plots, 17% of fifth instars, and 0% of fourth instars were retained. The absence of negative effects on mobility, survivorship, and field tracking validates that harmonic radar can be used to study dispersal ecology of nymphal H. halys.
Soil conservation practices for insect pest management in highly disturbed agroecosystems – a review
Authors: Alyokhin Andrei , Nault Brian , Brown Bryan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDecline in soil health is a serious worldwide problem that decreases complexity and stability of agricultural ecosystems, commonly making them more prone to outbreaks of herbivorous insect pests. Potato (Solanum tuberosumL., Solanaceae) and onion (Allium cepaL., Amaryllidaceae) production is currently characterized by high soil disturbance and heavy reliance on synthetic inputs, including insecticides. Evidence suggests that adopting soil conservation techniques often (but not always) increases mortality and decreases reproductive output for the major insect pests of these important vegetable crops. Known mechanisms responsible for such an effect include increases in density and activity of natural enemy populations, enhanced plant defenses, and modified physical characteristics of respective agricultural habitats. However, most research efforts focused on mulches and organic soil amendments, with additional research needed on elucidating effects and their mechanisms for conservation tillage, cover crops, and arbuscular mycorrhizae.
All‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA)‐induced TFEB expression is required for myeloid differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
Authors: Orfali Nina , O'Donovan Tracey R. , Cahill Mary R. , Benjamin Dalyia , Nanus David M. , McKenna Sharon L. , Gudas Lorraine J. , Mongan Nigel P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), normal retinoid signaling is disrupted by an abnormal PML‐RARα fusion oncoprotein, leading to a block in cell differentiation. Therapeutic concentrations of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) can restore retinoid‐induced transcription and promote degradation of the PML‐RARα protein. Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that utilizes lysosomal machinery to degrade intracellular material and facilitate cellular re‐modeling. Recent studies have identified autophagy as an integral component of ATRA‐induced myeloid differentiation.MethodsAs the molecular communication between retinoid signaling and the autophagy pathway is not defined, we performed RNA sequencing of NB4 APL cells treated with ATRA and examined autophagy‐related transcripts.ResultsATRA altered the expression of >80 known autophagy‐related transcripts, including the key transcriptional regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, TFEB (11.5‐fold increase). Induction of TFEB and its transcriptional target, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62), is reduced in ATRA‐resistant NB4R cells compared to NB4 cells. TFEB knockdown in NB4 cells alters the expression of transcriptional targets of TFEB and reduces CD11b transcript levels in response to ATRA.ConclusionsWe show for the first time that TFEB plays an important role in ATRA‐induced autophagy during myeloid differentiation and that autophagy induction potentiates leukemic cell differentiation (Note: this study includes data obtained from NCT00195156, https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00195156).
Role of BDNF in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression: Activity‐dependent effects distinguish rapid‐acting antidepressants
Authors: Duman Ronald S. , Deyama Satoshi , Fogaça Manoela Viar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe pathophysiology and treatment of depression have been the focus of intense research and while there is much that remains unknown, modern neurobiological approaches are making progress. This work demonstrates that stress and depression are associated with atrophy of neurons and reduced synaptic connectivity in brain regions such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex that contribute to depressive behaviors, and conversely that antidepressant treatment can reverse these deficits. The role of neurotrophic factors, particularly brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has been of particular interest as these factors play a key role in activity‐dependent regulation of synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the literature demonstrating that exposure to stress and depression decreases BDNF expression in the hippocampus and PFC and conversely that antidepressant treatment can up‐regulate BDNF in the adult brain and reverse the effects of stress. We then focus on rapid‐acting antidepressants, particularly the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine, which produces rapid synaptic and antidepressant behavioral actions that are dependent on activity‐dependent release of BDNF. This rapid release of BDNF differs from typical monoaminergic agents that require chronic administration to produce a slow induction of BDNF expression, consistent with the time lag for the therapeutic action of these agents. We review evidence that other classes of rapid‐acting agents also require BDNF release, demonstrating that this is a common, convergent downstream mechanism. Finally, we discuss evidence that the actions of ketamine are also dependent on another growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its complex interplay with BDNF.
The dentate gyrus in depression
Authors: Umschweif Gali , Greengard Paul , Sagi Yotam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtensive preclinical research has been conducted in recent years to reveal the cell types, neuronal circuits and molecular and morphological changes implicated in the function of the dentate gyrus in depression. This was profoundly facilitated by the emergence of methods such as gene targeting, neuronal cell activity manipulation, including optogenetics and chemogenetics, and the development of novel RNA sequencing technology and powerful MRI imagers that were used in clinical studies. These advancements provided researchers with the precise skills needed to evaluate the changes in the dentate gyrus structure and cell function in rodent models as well as in brains of depressed and medicated patients. Here, we review these latest findings and discuss the existing gaps in our knowledge of the role of the dentate gyrus in depression and in mediating the response to antidepressant therapies.
Using time‐series analysis techniques to enhance the understanding of musculoskeletal injury in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Johnston Anna S. , Riggs Christopher M. , Cogger Naomi , Benschop Jackie , Rogers Chris W. , Rosanowski Sarah M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany racing jurisdictions monitor race‐day musculoskeletal injury (MSI) but fail to evaluate injuries occurring during training. Additionally, previous risk factor analyses have failed to explore temporal trends in injury occurrence.ObjectivesTo use time‐series analysis techniques to identify trends, cyclicity and peaks in MSI incidence, in racehorses training and racing at the Hong Kong Jockey Club (HKJC) from July 2010 to June 2018.Study designRetrospective longitudinal study.MethodsThe monthly incidence of all MSI, superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injury, suspensory ligament injury and appendicular skeletal fracture occurring in training and racing were collected from veterinary records. The number of horses in training was collated monthly from trainer records. Time‐series analysis techniques were used to describe trends and cyclical patterns for injury types. For each injury, incidence risks above the 90th percentile were identified as peaks in incidence.ResultsA total of 1471 injuries were recorded over eight racing seasons; 605 fractures (41.1%), 550 SDFT injuries (37.4%), and 316 suspensory ligament injuries (21.5%). Evidence of seasonality was detected in fracture incidence risk; increasing from October (median 0.25 per 1000 horses) until May (median 0.71 per 1000 horses), coinciding with the racing season (ending mid‐July). Elevated incidence of MSI occurred throughout 2012; however, the greatest incidence risks of SDFT (14.8 per 1000 horses) and fracture (1.3 per 1000 horses) occurred since 2017.Main limitationsMonthly (opposed to daily) incidence risk of injury reduced the resolution of the data. Additionally, fracture was not described according to bone or fracture type, which may have confounded overall trends.ConclusionsEvidence for seasonal variation in the incidence of fracture occurrence has been demonstrated. Based on using time‐series techniques, further epidemiological studies, retrospectively targeting periods of high peaks in injury incidence risk could be used to aid identification of risk factors for injury.
Light and warming drive forest understorey community development in different environments
Authors: Blondeel Haben , Perring Michael P. , Depauw Leen , De Lombaerde Emiel , Landuyt Dries , De Frenne Pieter , Verheyen Kris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlant community composition and functional traits respond to chronic drivers such as climate change and nitrogen (N) deposition. In contrast, pulse disturbances from ecosystem management can additionally change resources and conditions. Community responses to combined environmental changes may further depend on land‐use legacies. Disentangling the relative importance of these global change drivers is necessary to improve predictions of future plant communities. We performed a multifactor global change experiment to disentangle drivers of herbaceous plant community trajectories in a temperate deciduous forest. Communities of five species, assembled from a pool of 15 forest herb species with varying ecological strategies, were grown in 384 mesocosms on soils from ancient forest (forested at least since 1850) and postagricultural forest (forested since 1950) collected across Europe. Mesocosms were exposed to two‐level full‐factorial treatments of warming, light addition (representing changing forest management) and N enrichment. We measured plant height, specific leaf area (SLA) and species cover over the course of three growing seasons. Increasing light availability followed by warming reordered the species towards a taller herb community, with limited effects of N enrichment or the forest land‐use history. Two‐way interactions between treatments and incorporating intraspecific trait variation (ITV) did not yield additional inference on community height change. Contrastingly, community SLA differed when considering ITV along with species reordering, which highlights ITV’s importance for understanding leaf morphology responses to nutrient enrichment in dark conditions. Contrary to our expectations, we found limited evidence of land‐use legacies affecting community responses to environmental changes, perhaps because dispersal limitation was removed in the experimental design. These findings can improve predictions of community functional trait responses to global changes by acknowledging ITV, and subtle changes in light availability. Adaptive forest management to impending global change could benefit the restoration and conservation of understorey plant communities by reducing the light availability.
Rust and reinvention: Im/migration and urban change in the American Rust Belt
Authors: Pottie‐Sherman Yolande 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImmigration represents a promising counternarrative for Rust Belt cities in the 21st century. Increasingly, both immigrants and refugees are part of the comeback stories of Northeastern and Midwestern cities from Buffalo to Dayton and Pittsburgh. This review explores recent research in urban geography and allied disciplines focusing on the international migration patterns, processes, and politics reshaping the urban geography of the American Rust Belt. Recent research sheds crucial light on how im/migrant lives are reshaping urban landscapes of Rust Belt cities, and conversely, how local immigration policies in these cities are rearranging the uneven geographies of immigrant receptivity across the United States. Overall, this review highlights the limitations of the singular spatial imaginary of the Rust Belt advanced previously by many urbanists. Rather, this review illustrates the rich, complex, and tangled contemporary spatial nuances associated with international migration in this region. These spatial nuances are complicated by increasingly exclusionary immigration policy and rhetoric at the federal level since January of 2017.
Content Validity of HIT‐6 as a Measure of Headache Impact in People With Migraine: A Narrative Review
Authors: Houts Carrie R. , Wirth R.J. , McGinley James S. , Gwaltney Chad , Kassel Eric , Snapinn Steven , Cady Roger 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe short‐form Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6) is a widely used patient‐reported outcome measure that assesses the negative effects of headaches on normal activity. It was developed using the general headache population and prior to the establishment of the now well‐accepted FDA patient‐reported guidance.ObjectiveThe objective of this narrative review was to examine existing qualitative research in patients with migraine and headache, providing insight into the relevance and meaningfulness of HIT‐6 items to the lives of migraine patients.MethodsArticles were identified through database searches (National Library of Medicine and Google Scholar) and review of reference lists of candidate articles.ResultsA total of 3227 articles were identified through database and hand searching. Of these, 12 contained patient‐ or expert‐generated qualitative information regarding headache patients’ experience (8 specific to migraine [episodic and chronic] patients and 4 citing general headache patients). The combined publications described a total of 283 patient interviews. Overarching themes and specific information were identified that provide support of the relevance of content for each HIT‐6 item to migraine patients’ lives. Identified effects of headaches on patients with migraine included limitations in daily activities, needing to lie down during headaches, feeling tired, being irritated by headaches, difficulty concentrating, and the experience of pain. Further, previous research specific to the HIT‐6 indicated that patients understood the instructions, items, and response scales as intended by the instrument authors.ConclusionsThis narrative literature review demonstrates qualitative research support for the relevance of the items of the HIT‐6 in migraine patients, supporting its ongoing use in clinical migraine research and practice.
Root canal obturation materials and filling techniques for primary teeth: In vitro evaluation in polymer‐based prototyped incisors
Authors: Aragão Amanda Carneiro , Pintor Andréa Vaz Braga , Marceliano‐Alves Marília , Primo Laura Guimarães , Silva Aline Saddock de Sá , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Neves Aline de Almeida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAchieving a void‐free root canal filling is a challenge in current clinical pulpectomy practice.AimTo compare filling effectiveness and internal voids of root filling materials and obturation techniques in resin‐prototyped primary incisors by micro‐CT.DesignFifty prototypes were instrumented and randomly divided (n = 10) according to the filling materials (Vitapex®, ZOE, Calcicur®, Feapex, and Calen®‐ZO) and obturation technique: lentulo or pressure syringe (n = 5). The specimens were micro‐CT scanned (pixel size = 7.83 μm) and reconstructed, and the total volume of filled canal (%FC) and internal voids (%IV) of the bulk filling material was calculated. Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney tests were used to detect differences and interactions among groups.ResultsCalen®‐ZO, Vitapex®, and ZOE showed similar %FC. Calcicur® showed lower %FC compared with Calen®‐ZO, Vitapex®, and ZOE (P < .05) but similar to Feapex. No statistically significant differences in %FC between lentulo or pressure syringe were disclosed. Regarding %IV, Vitapex®, and Calen®‐ZO performed better with syringe, although Calcicur® was better with lentulo. The number of voids in the obturation bulk was similar among materials, but always lower (P < .05) in syringe filled specimens.ConclusionVitapex®, Calen®‐ZO, and ZOE outperformed Calcicur® and Feapex in %FC and if the syringe technique is used, %IV of the obturation bulk and presence of defects was lower.
New apatite‐type phosphor Ca9La(PO4)5(SiO4)F2:Tb3+,Dy3+ with improved color rendering index
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Mei Lefu , Aksenov Sergey M. , Deyneko Dina , Liu Haikun , Zhang Dian , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCa9La(PO4)5(SiO4)F2:Tb3+,Dy3+ (CLPSF:Tb3+,Dy3+) phosphors were successfully prepared using the traditional solid‐state technique. The crystal structure was refined and the luminescence properties have been examined in detail. The band gap and electronic structure of Ca9La(PO4)5(SiO4)F2 were performed by the periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The spectral and fluorescence decay dynamics of CLPSF:Tb3+,Dy3+ show that the energy transfer behavior between Tb3+ and Dy3+ ions is observed. The CLPSF:Tb3+,Dy3+ phosphors can be efficiently excitable at the wavelengths range from 300 to 500 nm. The emission spectrum covers the whole visible part of the spectra with the sharp emission bands in red, green, and blue regions. The correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) of white light emission could be improved by the fine‐tuning of the Tb3+ and Dy3+ ions ration in accordance with the energy transfer behavior. Thus, the CLPSF:Tb3+,Dy3+ phosphor could be used as a material for the near‐ultraviolet (n‐UV) and white light‐emitting diodes (w‐LEDs).
Circulating exosome‐derived bona fide long non‐coding RNAs predicting the occurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lu Yunjie , Duan Yunfei , Xu Qinghua , Zhang Li , Chen Weibo , Qu Zhen , Wu Baoqiang , Liu Wensong , Shi Longqing , Wu Di , Yang Yan , Sun Donglin , Chen Xuemin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough the diagnosis and therapy approach developed, techniques for the early diagnosis of HCC remain insufficient which results in poor prognosis of patients. The traditional biomarker AFP, however, has been proved with low specificity. Circulating exosomal ncRNAs revealed different profiles reflecting the characteristics of tumour. In this study, we mainly focused on circulating exosomal ncRNAs which might be the fingerprint for HCC, especially for the diagnosis or metastasis prediction. A high throughput lncRNA microarray in exosomes extracted from cell‐free plasma was applied. The risk score analysis was employed to screen the potential exosome‐derived lncRNAs in two independent sets based on different clinical parameters in 200 paired HCC patients. After a multi‐stage validation, we finally revealed three lncRNAs, ENSG00000248932.1, ENST00000440688.1 and ENST00000457302.2, increased in HCC comparing with the both chronic hepatitis (CH) patients and cancer‐free controls. ROC curve revealed a higher sensitivity and specificity in predicting the occurrence of HCC from cancer‐free controls and CH patients with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.905 and 0.879 by combining AFP. The three lncRNA panel combined with AFP also indicted a fingerprint function in predicting the metastasis of HCC with the AUC of 0.870. In conclusion, ENSG00000248932.1, ENST00000440688.1 and ENST00000457302.2 might be the potential biomarker for the tumorigenesis prediction from CH patients or healthy controls and may also be applied for dynamic monitoring the metastasis of HCC.