bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Temephos in Thailand and Surrounding Countries
Authors: Saeung Manop , Ngoen-Klan Ratchadawan , Thanispong Kanutcharee , Muenworn Vithee , Bangs Michael J , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aedes-borne virus disease control relies on insecticides to interrupt transmission. Temephos remains a key chemical for control of immature stage Aedes in Thailand and much of Southeast Asia. However, repeated use of insecticides may result in selection for resistance in vector populations, thus compromising operational intervention. Herein, the phenotypic response to temephos by Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) collected in Thailand and surrounding countries is presented. Data from 345 collection sites are included: 283 from literature review (244 sites with Ae. aegypti, 21 with Ae. albopictus, and 18 having both species sampled), plus 62 locations with Ae. aegypti in Thailand conducted between 2014 and 2018. Susceptibility assays followed WHO guidelines using the recommended discriminating dose of temephos (0.012 mg/liter) against late third to early fourth instar Ae. aegypti. Findings revealed 34 locations with susceptible Ae. aegypti, 13 with suspected resistance, and 15 indicating resistance. Published data between 1999 and 2019 in Thailand found Ae. aegypti resistant in 73 of 206 collection sites, whereas 3 locations from 11 sampled with low-level resistant in Ae. albopictus. From surrounding countries conducting temephos assays (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Singapore), resistance is present in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from 27 of 56 and 19 of 28 locations, respectively. Routine insecticide susceptibility monitoring should be an operational requirement in vector control programs. Given the wide distribution and apparent increase in temephos-resistance, alternative larvicidal compounds must be considered if chemical control is to remain a viable vector control strategy.
Moving from Face-to-Face to a Web Panel: Impacts on Measurement Quality
Authors: Cernat Alexandru , Revilla Melanie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Time and cost pressures, the availability of alternative sources of data, and societal changes are leading to a move from traditional face-to-face surveys to web or mixed-mode data collection. While we know that there are mode differences between web and face-to-face (presence of an interviewer or not, type of stimuli, etc.), it is not clear to what extent these differences could threaten the comparability of data collected in face-to-face and web surveys. In this article, we investigate the differences in measurement quality between the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 8 and the CROss-National Online Survey (CRONOS) panel. We address three main research questions: (1) Do we observe differences in terms of measurement quality across face-to-face and web for the same people and questions? (2) Can we explain individual-level differences in data quality using respondents’ characteristics? and (3) Does measurement equivalence (metric and scalar) hold across the ESS Round 8 and the CRONOS panel? The results suggest that: (1) in terms of data quality, the measurement mode effect between web and face-to-face as implemented in the ESS (i.e., using show cards) is not very large, (2) none of the variables considered consistently explain individual differences in mode effects, and (3) measurement equivalence often holds for the topics studied.
Mutations in the tomato gibberellin receptors suppress xylem proliferation and reduce water loss under water-deficit conditions
Authors: Illouz-Eliaz Natanella , Nissan Idan , Nir Ido , Ramon Uria , Shohat Hagai , Weiss David 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Low gibberellin (GA) activity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) inhibits leaf expansion and reduces stomatal conductance. This leads to lower transpiration and improved water status under transient drought conditions. Tomato has three GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) GA receptors with overlapping activities and high redundancy. We tested whether mutation in a single GID1 reduces transpiration without affecting growth and productivity. CRISPR-Cas9 gid1 mutants were able to maintain higher leaf water content under water-deficit conditions. Moreover, while gid1a exhibited normal growth, it showed reduced whole-plant transpiration and better recovery from dehydration. Mutation in GID1a inhibited xylem vessel proliferation, which led to lower hydraulic conductance. In stronger GA mutants, we also found reduced xylem vessel expansion. These results suggest that low GA activity affects transpiration by multiple mechanisms: it reduces leaf area, promotes stomatal closure, and reduces xylem proliferation and expansion, and as a result, xylem hydraulic conductance. We further examined if gid1a performs better than the control M82 in the field. Under these conditions, the high redundancy of GID1s was lost and gid1a plants were semi-dwarf, but their productivity was not affected. Although gid1a did not perform better under drought conditions in the field, it exhibited a higher harvest index.
The rest-frame UV luminosity function at z ≃ 4: a significant contribution of AGNs to the bright end of the galaxy population
Authors: Adams N J , Bowler R A A , Jarvis M J , Häußler B , McLure R J , Bunker A , Dunlop J S , Verma A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We measure the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function (LF) at z ∼ 4 self-consistently over a wide range in absolute magnitude (−27 ≲ MUV ≲ −20). The LF is measured with 46 904 sources selected using a photometric redshift approach over ∼6 $\, {\rm deg}^2$ of the combined Cosmological Evolution Survey and XMM–Newton Large-Scale Structure fields. We simultaneously fit for both active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and galaxy LFs using a combination of Schechter or double power law (DPL) functions alongside a single power law for the faint-end slope of the AGN LF. We find a lack of evolution in the shape of the bright end of the Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) component when compared to other studies at z ≃ 5 and evolutionary recipes for the UV LF. Regardless of whether the LBG LF is fit with a Schechter function or DPL, AGNs are found to dominate at MUV &lt; −23.5. We measure a steep faint-end slope of the AGN LF with $\alpha _{\mathrm{ AGN}} = -2.09^{+0.35}_{-0.38}$ ($-1.66^{+0.29}_{-0.58}$) when fit alongside a Schechter function (DPL) for the galaxies. Our results suggest that if AGNs are morphologically selected it results in a bias to lower number densities. Only by considering the full galaxy population over the transition region from AGN to LBG domination can an accurate measurement of the total LFs be attained.
Allosteric coupling between Mn2+ and dsDNA controls the catalytic efficiency and fidelity of cGAS
Authors: Hooy Richard M , Massaccesi Guido , Rousseau Kimberly E , Chattergoon Michael A , Sohn Jungsan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cyclic-G/AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) triggers host innate immune responses against cytosolic double-stranded (ds)DNA arising from genotoxic stress and pathogen invasion. The canonical activation mechanism of cGAS entails dsDNA-binding and dimerization. Here, we report an unexpected activation mechanism of cGAS in which Mn2+ activates monomeric cGAS without dsDNA. Importantly, the Mn2+-mediated activation positively couples with dsDNA-dependent activation in a concerted manner. Moreover, the positive coupling between Mn2+ and dsDNA length-dependent activation requires the cognate ATP/GTP substrate pair, while negative-cooperativity suppresses Mn2+ utilization by either ATP or GTP alone. Additionally, while Mn2+ accelerates the overall catalytic activity, dsDNA length-dependent dimerization specifically accelerates the cyclization of cGAMP. Together, we demonstrate how the intrinsic allostery of cGAS efficiently yet precisely tunes its activity.
The Relationship Between Daily Physical Activity and Pain in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Burrows Nicholas J , Barry Benjamin K , Sturnieks Daina L , Booth John , Jones Matthew D 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate the association between physical activity and pain severity in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.DesignCross-sectional; systematic review with meta-analyses.MethodsThirty-one participants with knee osteoarthritis underwent assessment of symptoms via self-report questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing. Following testing, physical activity and symptoms were monitored for seven days using accelerometers and logbooks. Cross-correlation analyses were performed on fluctuations in symptoms and physical activity across the week to detect the relative timing of the strongest association between pain and activity. These data were complemented by meta-analyses of studies that examined correlations between pain from knee osteoarthritis and physical activity or fitness.ResultsPain severity at baseline correlated with moderate to vigorous physical activity (r2 = 0.161–0.212, P &lt; 0.05), whereby participants who were more physically active had less pain. Conversely, the peak of the cross-correlation analyses was most often positive and lagging, which indicated that pain was increased subsequent to periods of increased activity. These superficially discrepant findings were supported by the results of a meta-analysis of 13 studies and 9,363 participants, which identified significant heterogeneity for associations between physical activity and pain (I2 = 91%). Stronger inverse associations were found between fitness and pain.ConclusionsAssociations between physical activity and pain in people with knee osteoarthritis are variable and dynamic. These results reflect the beneficial impact of an active lifestyle and accompanying higher fitness. Yet, the side effect of acute periods of physical activity to transiently exacerbate pain may influence the behavior of some people to avoid activity because of pain.
Carbon Fiber–Reinforced PEEK Versus Titanium Tibial Intramedullary Nailing: A Preliminary Analysis and Results
Authors: Ziran Bruce Harris , O'Pry Erin Kathleen , Harris Robert Mitchell 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
Standard titanium nails (TN) or carbon fiber–reinforced PEEK nails (CFN) were compared to evaluate impact of material on fracture union, healing time, knee/ankle, and barometric pain.

Design:
Longitudinal cohort evaluated retrospectively comparing 2 periods using 2 implant types.

Setting:
Single surgeon series at one Level II Trauma Center.

Patients:
Standardized treatment protocol. Fifty-six tibial fracture patients suitable for intramedullary nailing over 5-year period.

Intervention:
First period—TN; second period—CFN.

Main Outcome:
Measurements: standard demographic data: OTA/AO fracture classification, fracture location, and nail type. Outcome parameters: cumulative healing at standard time intervals, infection/nonunion, associated injuries, knee/ankle, barometric pain, and implant removal. Statistical analysis comparing incident healing.

Results:
Patient populations were not statistically different regarding demographics and fracture type/location, although there was a trend toward greater fracture severity/more associated injuries in CFN group. In 56 patients, 26 received CFN and 30 received TN. Healing rates were reported at each time interval. 8 weeks: TN—0%, CFN—19%; 12 weeks: TN—17%, CFN—69%; 16 weeks: TN—57%, CFN—92%; 20 weeks: TN—87%, CFN—96%; and 24 weeks: TN—97%, CFN—96% (P < 0.0001 every interval except 24 weeks). Each group had one infected nonunion in an open fracture that healed with subsequent treatment. There was a trend toward less barometric pain with CFN that did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.065). No statistical differences with knee/ankle pain (P = 0.109)/removal of implant (P = 0.269) potentially due to low power of pilot study.

Conclusions:
In this pilot study evaluating CFR-PEEK intramedullary nail for tibial shaft fractures, there was a demonstrated accelerated healing times compared to titanium with a potential for less barometric pain.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Fish oil supplementation and maintaining muscle mass in chronic disease: state of the evidence
Authors: van der Meij B.S. , Mazurak Vera C. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
Providing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the form of fish oils, to benefit muscle is an emerging area of interest. The aim of this work was to evaluate the current literature that has assessed muscle mass as an outcome during a fish oil intervention in any chronic disease.

Recent findings
The vast majority of studies published in the last 3 years (12 of 15) have been conducted in the oncological setting, in patients undergoing treatment for cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, breast, head and neck, lung, cervix, and hematological cancers. Three studies were conducted in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fish oil was provided as part of nutrient mixtures in 12 studies and as capsules in three studies.

Summary
Overall, the evidence for an effect of fish oil supplementation on muscle mass in patients with cancer undergoing treatment and in COPD remains unequivocal and reveals limited new knowledge in the area of fish oil supplementation in the cancer setting. Recent literature continues to provide mixed evidence on the efficacy of fish oil on muscle mass and function. The present review highlights challenges in comparing and interpreting current studies aimed at testing fish oil supplementation for muscle health.
When basic science reaches into rational therapeutic design: from historical to novel leads for the treatment of β-globinopathies
Authors: Andrieu-Soler Charlotte , Soler Eric 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
β-hemoglobinopathies, such as β-Thalassemias (β-Thal) and sickle cell disease (SCD) are among the most common inherited genetic disorders in humans worldwide. These disorders are characterized by a quantitative (β-Thal) or qualitative (SCD) defects in adult hemoglobin production, leading to anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis and severe secondary complications. Reactivation of the fetal globin genes (γ-globin), making-up fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which are normally silenced in adults, represents a major strategy to ameliorate anemia and disease severity.

Recent findings
Following the identification of the first ‘switching factors’ for the reactivation of fetal globin gene expression more than 10 years ago, a multitude of novel leads have recently been uncovered.

Summary
Recent findings provided invaluable functional insights into the genetic and molecular networks controlling globin genes expression, revealing that complex repression systems evolved in erythroid cells to maintain HbF silencing in adults. This review summarizes these unique and exciting discoveries of the regulatory factors controlling the globin switch. New insights and novel leads for therapeutic strategies based on the pharmacological induction of HbF are discussed. This represents a major breakthrough for rational drug design in the treatment of β-Thal and SCD.
Best practices for infection prevention in penile prosthesis surgery
Authors: Best Jordan C. , Clavijo Raul I. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
In this review, we synthesize the most current data on strategies for the prevention and reduction of infections in men undergoing penile prosthesis surgery. We highlight important strategies for preventing infections along every step from patient selection, to the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative states.

Recent findings
Over the last decade, significant advances have been made to help minimize penile implant infections, with the most impactful likely being the introduction of antibiotic coated penile implants. Although this has led to infection rates lower than 0.5% being reported in some series, it appears that more virulent organisms are causing a larger share of infections.

Summary
The change in the microbiology and persistent occurrence of penile implant infections challenges us to develop strategies to target these organisms by using novel antibiotic mixes for irrigation, dips and implant coatings. Equally important is the continual search to identify patient risk factors for the development of infections and the further optimization of the use of oral and intravenous antibiotics. It is likely we will find inspiration by looking at nonurological surgical specialties where implantation of permanent devices is routine.
Young Adults With Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Alese Olatunji B. , Jiang Renjian , Shaib Walid , Wu Christina , Akce Mehmet , Gaines Tyra , Ni Liang , Behera Madhusmita , El-Rayes Bassel F. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
The treatment and outcomes of patients younger than 50 years (young adults [YAs]) with pancreatic cancer are largely unknown. We evaluated the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of these patients.

Methods
The National Cancer Database was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed to identify variables associated with overall survival.

Results
A total of 124,442 patients with pancreatic cancer were identified, with 9657 between 18 and 50 years of age. Mean age was 45.4 years (standard deviation, 4.6 years). About 30.9% of YA patients and 25% of patients older than 50 years underwent resection of the primary tumor. Survival advantage was seen for patients 18 to 39 years (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.23; P < 0.001). This age advantage was similar across all the racial groups. Overall, YAs treated between 2009 and 2013 had higher survival rates compared with 2004 to 2008 (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.81–0.89; P < 0.001). This survival improvement was highest in American Indians and Asian/Pacific Islanders (16.6% vs 6.5%), African Americans (10.6% vs 8.5%), and Hispanics (14.5% vs 12.6%).

Conclusions
Survival of YAs with pancreatic cancer patients is superior to older patients and has improved over time, especially in minority populations.
Antiretroviral Therapy Concentrations Differ in Gut vs. Lymph Node Tissues and Are Associated With HIV Viral Transcription by a Novel RT-ddPCR Assay
Authors: Lee Sulggi A. , Telwatte Sushama , Hatano Hiroyu , Kashuba Angela D.M. , Cottrell Mackenzie L. , Hoh Rebecca , Liegler Teri J. , Stephenson Sophie , Somsouk Ma , Hunt Peter W. , Deeks Steven G. , Yukl Steven , Savic Radojka M. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Most HIV-infected cells during antiretroviral therapy (ART) persist in lymphoid tissues. Studies disagree on whether suboptimal tissue ART concentrations contribute to ongoing HIV replication during viral suppression.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study in virally-suppressed HIV+ participants measuring lymphoid tissue ART [darunavir (DRV), atazanavir (ATV), and raltegravir (RAL)] concentrations by LC-MS/MS assay. Tissue and plasma ART concentrations were used to estimate TPRs and drug-specific tissue:inhibitory concentration ratios (TICs). HIV DNA and sequentially produced HIV RNA transcripts were quantified from rectal biopsies using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays.

Results:
Tissue samples were collected in duplicate from 19 participants: 38 rectal, 8 ileal (4 RAL, 2 DRV, 2 ATV), and 6 lymph node (4 RAL, 2 DRV) samples. Overall, median TICs were higher for RAL than DRV or ATV (both P = 0.006). Median TICs were lower in lymph nodes vs. ileum (0.49 vs. 143, P = 0.028) or rectum (33, P = 0.019), and all ART levels were below target concentrations. Higher rectal TICs were associated with lower HIV RNA transcripts (read-through, long LTR, and Nef, P all < 0.026) and a lower long LTR RNA/long LTR DNA ratio (P = 0.021).

Conclusions:
We observed higher tissue ART concentrations in ileum and rectum compared with lymph nodes. We observed higher HIV transcription in participants with lower rectal ART concentrations. These findings add to the limited data supporting the idea that viral transcription may be influenced by ART concentrations in lymphoid tissues. Further exploration of tissue pharmacokinetics is needed in future HIV eradication strategies.
Gaps in Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening among Men who Have Sex with Men in PrEP Care in the United States
Authors: Chandra Christina , Weiss Kevin M. , Kelley Colleen F. , Marcus Julia L. , Jenness Samuel M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends comprehensive sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening every 3–6 months for men who have sex with men (MSM) using HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The gaps between these recommendations and clinical practice by region have not been quantified.MethodsWe used survey data collected from the internet-based ARTnet study between 2017 and 2019 on STI screening among MSM across the U.S., stratified by current, prior, and never PrEP use. Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to model factors, including residence in the Southeast, associated with consistent (“always” or “sometimes”) exposure site-specific STI screening during PrEP care.ResultsOf 3259 HIV-negative MSM, 19% were currently using PrEP, 6% had used PrEP in the past, and 75% had never used PrEP. Among ever PrEP users, 87%, 78%, 57%, and 64% reported consistent screening for STIs by blood sample, urine sample or urethral swab, rectal swab, or pharyngeal swab, respectively, during PrEP care. Compared to PrEP users in all other regions, PrEP users in the Southeast were significantly less likely to be consistently screened for urogenital (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.98) and rectal STIs (aPR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62–0.93) during PrEP care.ConclusionsSubstantial gaps exist between CDC recommendations for STI screening during PrEP care and current clinical practice, particularly for rectal and pharyngeal exposure sites that can harbor asymptomatic infections and for MSM in Southeast states where the STI burden is substantial.SUMMARYNearly half of U.S. men who have sex with men in PrEP care are not receiving consistent bacterial STI screening at sites of sexual exposure, and levels are worse in the Southeast region where the burden of STI is highest.
Rapid Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Using a CRISPR-based DETECTR Lateral Flow Assay
Authors: Broughton James P. , Deng Xianding , Yu Guixia , Fasching Clare L. , Singh Jasmeet , Streithorst Jessica , Granados Andrea , Sotomayor-Gonzalez Alicia , Zorn Kelsey , Gopez Allan , Hsu Elaine , Gu Wei , Miller Steve , Pan Chao-Yang , Guevara Hugo , Wadford Debra A. , Chen Janice S. , Chiu Charles Y. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTAn outbreak of novel betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (formerly named 2019-nCoV), began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and the COVID-19 disease associated with infection has since spread rapidly to multiple countries. Here we report the development of SARS-CoV-2 DETECTR, a rapid (∼30 min), low-cost, and accurate CRISPR-Cas12 based lateral flow assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory swab RNA extracts. We validated this method using contrived reference samples and clinical samples from infected US patients and demonstrated comparable performance to the US CDC SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR assay.