bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Alcohol Drinking and Dietary Factors in the U-shaped Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking and Body Mass Index in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese Rural Adults: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pan Da , Su Ming , Wei Jie , Wang Kai , Luo Pengfei , Smith James D. , Ma Gege , Wang Shaokang , Sun Guiju 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background To investigate the relationship between smoking behaviour and BMI, from the perspective of the roles of alcohol drinking and dietary factors in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural population. Methods The authors analysed cross-sectional data from 10,837 middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural adults aged from 35 to 75 years who in 2011-2017 completed a questionnaire that included questions on demographic characteristics, dietary intake, and detailed smoking and drinking status. Results Current smokers tended to have a lower BMI and consume foods less frequently (except coriander, onion, garlic, hawthorn and fermented bean curd) than non-smokers. The relationship between smoking amount and the risk of being overweight or obese was U-shaped, and the trends were also similar by stratum of baseline age groups (all p for interaction ˂ 0.001). Heavy smokers tended to have drinking habits, whereas drinking was found to be associated with increased risk of being overweight or obese (all p for trend ˂ 0.001). In addition, despite the lower risk of being overweight or obese for current smokers, the normal weight individuals were found to have the minimum smoking amount. Conclusions This study suggests that cigarette smoking may cause suppression of appetite but smokers tend to have other unhealthy habits relating to increased body weight, and highlights that dietary factors and alcohol use play important roles in the U-shaped relationship between smoking behaviours and BMI in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural population. Additionally, people rarely or never smoke may be more likely to be within a normal BMI range than heavy smokers.
Individual and community level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among married reproductive age women in Ethiopia. A multilevel analysis using 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Anagaw Melaku Yalew , Desta Bezawit Adane , Abitew Bereket Kefale , Sinishaw Yitayish Damtie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: There is limited evidence on unmet need to contraceptive among married reproductive age women especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among married women of reproductive age in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016 dataset, 2019. Method: A secondary analysis was done on Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (2016) dataset by using cross sectional study design. A total of 9125 women who were married, fecund and/or sexually active were included in the analysis. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Result: Factors significantly associated with unmet need were; ages between 15-19 years [AOR=2.25, 95% CI: (1.34, 3.79)], greater than or equal to three living children [AOR=1.87, 95 % CI: (1.40, 2.49)], belong to richer household [AOR=0.73, 95% CI: (0.54, 0.97)], Muslim followers [AOR=1.37, 95% CI: (1.02, 1.83)], married more than once [AOR=1.31, 95 % CI: (1.06, 1.62)]. From community level variables, belong to Somali region [AOR=0.34, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.61)] were significantly associated with unmet need. Conclusion: Both individual and community-level factors were significant determinants of unmet need. From individual level factors; ages of women, number of living children, religion, married more than once and wealth of house hold and from community level variables; region was significantly associated with unmet need for contraception. The findings suggested that health care providers should mainly focus on women nearly on menopauses, who live in the poorest household and who had many number of living children and married more than once to decrease unmet need to contraceptive.
Low hENT1 expression indicates poor prognosis in gemcitabine-treated pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Xiao Jianchun , Zhao Fangyu , Yang Gang , Luo Wenhao , Wang Yicheng , Qiu Jiangdong , Liu Yueze , You Lei , Zheng Lianfang , Zhang Taiping , Zhao Yupei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is still a lethal disease and has a poor prognosis, gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is now the standard regimen in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine resistance is an important obstacle for effective treatment of patients and improvement in patients’ overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS).
Results: Current research shows that human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) is related to gemcitabine chemoresistance for it mediates drug entry into cancer cells, and has an aberrant expression level in tumor tissues. But now discrepancies still exist between different research groups and studies about the expression level and prognostic value of hENT1 in PC patients, and the exactly underlying mechanism through which hENT1 transfer GEM into tumor cells remains unclear.
Conclusion: hENT1 was low expressed in tumor tissues and this decreased expression level indicated a worse outcome (including shortened OS and DFS) in patients who received gemcitabine treatment postoperatively.
The precise chemotherapy guided by the expression of ERCC1, RRM1, TUBB3, TYMS and TOP2A genes versus the classic chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer: a comparative effectiveness research
Authors: LI Juncheng , Sun Peng , Huang Tao , He Shengdong , Li Lingfan , Xue Gang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: ERCC1, RRM1, TUBB3, TYMS and TOP2A gene have been shown to be associated with chemotherapeutic drug resistance. And the aim of the present study was to evaluate the guiding significance of the above genes expression in the selection of precise chemotherapy regimen for breast cancer.
Methods: 140 well-matched patients with breast cancer, including 70 from the precise chemotherapy group and 70 from the classic chemotherapy group, were retrospectively analyzed. In the precise chemotherapy group, the mRNA expression levels of ERCC1, RRM1, TUBB3, TYMS and TOP2A in breast cancer tissues were measured by the multiplex branched DNA liquidchip (MBL) technology before chemotherapy. And the precise chemotherapy regimen was developed according to the detection results. As a comparison control, patients from the classic chemotherapy group were given TEC(Docetaxel+Epirubicin+Cyclophosphamide) regimen. Survival analysis were performed by the Kaplan–Meier method. The prognostic factors of breast cancer were identified via the Cox proportional hazards model. Adverse reactions were evaluated in the light of the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria 4 (NCI-CTC version 4.0).
Results: The median follow-up time was 67.5 months (1.0–84.0 months). Compared with the classic chemotherapy group, the DFS and OS of the precise chemotherapy group were significantly longer (DFS:77.4 months vs 67.1 months,P=0.039;OS: 81.4 months vs 75.4 months,P=0.031), and the incidence of grade 2 or 3 palpitations and chest tightness was lower (12.9% vs 27.1%,P=0.035). The chemotherapy strategy guided by genetic detection was an independent protection factor for DFS (HR=0.389,95%CI:0.153,0.989,P=0.047), but not an independent protection factor for OS (HR=0.340,95%CI:0.107,1.078,P=0.067). Metastasis of axillary lymph nodes was an independent risk factor for DFS(HR=7.049,95%CI:1.813,27.410,P=0.005). Additionally, the independent risk factor affected DFS(HR=3.378,95%CI:1.074,10.624,P=0.037) and OS(HR=8.140,95%CI: 1.666,39.759,P=0.010) was poor endocrine therapy compliance.
Conclusions: Combined detection of ERCC1, RRM1, TUBB3, TYMS and TOP2A genes expression for guiding precise chemotherapy can improve treatment efficacy and reduce unnecessary toxicity.
Effect of Aqueous Warionia saharae Extract on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Normal and Diabetic Rats
Authors: Hebi Morad , Haidani Ahmed El , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: November 2019

Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of aerial parts aqueous extract of Warionia saharae (APAE of W. saharae) in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced-diabetic rats. Additionally, the quantitative and qualitative analysis for the presence of different phytochemical constituents in the APAE of W. saharae was performed.Methods:The effects of oral administration of APAE of W. saharae (5 mg/kg) on the plasma Total Cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured in both normal and diabetic rats. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity was realized by the method of DPPH. Total polyphenol as x of the APAE of W. saharae were determined.Results:APAE of W. saharae showed a strong hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic effects both in normal and in STZ induced diabetic rats. On the other hand, APAE of W. saharae showed a potent antioxidant activity and revealed inhibitory activity. Moreover, the quantitative determination of total polyphenol and flavonoid contents showed high contents of these phytochemicals. Concerning the qualitative analysis several classes of chemicals have been found.Conclusion:APAE of W. saharae (5 mg/kg) shows the potential cholesterol and glucose lowering activity as well as antioxidant properties in both normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Methods of elimination of rails increased damage in the area of weld joints
Authors: Shur E. A. , Fedin V. M. , Borts A. I. , Ronzhina Yu. V. , Fimkin A. I. 
Published: November 2019

Rail weld joints from electric-contact welding in stationary and fi eld conditions, as well as those from aluminothermic welding are weak points on tracks that are easily damaged compared with rails outside the weld joints. Currently, these weak points are the defects connected with lack of penetration in the welding area, burns at the points of poor contact of the rail foot with the current-carrying contact tips, or with defects of the weld joint machining after welding, as well as the local hardness reduction in areas affected by heat after welding, and local heat treatment after welding. Elimination of wide areas of reduced hardness at the weld joint points producing saddles, cracks, and chipping, and promoting rails damage next to such joints is a major challenge for increasing the serviceability of weld joints. This study introduces three avenues for elimination of increased damage of rails at weld joints including:• Improvement of technology and equipment for electriccontact welding and local heat treatment after welding in the stationary and fi eld conditions.• Development of technology and equipment for induction welding in the stationary and fi eld conditions.• Development of technology and equipment for differentiated induction tempering of rails preliminary welded in strings 800 m long.
New method for control of fuel injection initiation and fuel combustion in diesel locomotive engines
Authors: Kon’kov A. Yu. , Kon’kova I. D. 
Published: November 2019

Adequate regulation of diesel engine fuel equipment is an important factor affecting the economic and ecological indicators of diesel engine and its reliability. The fuel injection advance angle deviates from the best value during operation for several reasons, requiring timely control and regulation of the parameter. This issue is crucial for diesel engines with individual high-pressure pumps like the diesel locomotive engines. This study presents a new method for indirect determination of the fuel injection advance angle based on analysis of the pressure fi rst-order derivative signal — pressure change rate. This method eliminates the need for additional measurements like the crankshaft rotation angle or piston position, and therefore, exhibits potential for the development of easy and reliable devices for online diagnostics. The study also briefl y analyzes control methods for the fuel injection advance angle used in operating diesel-electric locomotives in Russia. The results of theoretical research performed through mathematical modeling for the locomotive diesel engine 1А-5D49 is also examined. A dimensionless criterion is proposed based on results calculated from the experiment, which is determined by the value of the pressure change rate signal at representative points allowing calculation of the fuel injection advance angle using simple linear dependence. Verifi cation of the proposed method demonstrates good agreement of the results with existing methods.
Estimation and test assessment of the rail pads effect on the indicators of dynamic impact of the rolling stock on the track in the joint area
Authors: Kaplin V. N. , Myslivets M. N. , Sidorova E. A. , Polunina E. A. 
Published: November 2019

Increasing axial loads including the development of heavy movement on Russian railroads network require the best solutions for improvement of the railway track structure. Research by Russian and international scientists indicates that rail elastic pads reduce vibrations transferred from reinforced concrete sleepers to crashed stone, including the joint area. This study examines possibilities of using rail pads for reducing the dynamic effects of the rolling stock on the track in the joint area. Assessment of the rail pads construction material shock-absorbing properties was conducted considering the elastic properties of the rail support with static and dynamic loads. Results of mode ling the elastic properties of the rail support with rail pads of different rigidities using the software complex “Universal mechanism” are presented. The results were used as basis for calculation of indicators of dynamic interaction of the track and rolling stock at the joint using the coeffi cient establishing the link between bendings of the solid rail and the rail with joint. The expediency of using rail pads at the place of the joint is justifi ed based on assessment of the results.This study reveals that elastic rail pads based on isoprene rubbers are suitable for track structures that improve indicators of the track and rolling stock interaction. When using rubber pads, the growth of accelerations on the sleeper is less dependent on the speed, causing the track stability to increase. The results are supported by tests consistent with calculations and justify the necessity for further studies in this fi eld.
From the Epistolae et Evangelia (c. 1540) to the Espejo divino (1607)
Authors: Laird Andrew 
Published: November 2019

In 1536, fifteen years after the Spanish conquest of Mexico, the Imperial College of Santa Cruz was founded in Santiago Tlatelolco, an Indian enclave to the north of Mexico City. The students at the college, who were drawn from native elites, received an advanced education in Latin from Franciscan missionaries. The present discussion will explain why such a training was provided to those indigenous youths, and clarify the nature of their accomplishments (1). A discussion of the translations of biblical texts into Nahuatl made at the College of Santa Cruz (2) will be followed by a survey of original religious texts produced there in the Mexican language, many of which had identifiable Latin precedents (3). The concluding section then offers some tentative general reflections on the part played by Latin Christian humanism in shaping early Nahuatl literature, arguing that it bears some comparison to the way Latin had already underscored the development of vernacular literature in early modern Europe (4).
The Application of Internet-Based Sources for Public Health Surveillance (Infoveillance): Systematic Review
Authors: Barros Joana M , Duggan Jim , Rebholz-Schuhmann Dietrich 
Published: November 2019

Background
Public health surveillance is based on the continuous and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. This informs the development of early warning systems to monitor epidemics and documents the impact of intervention measures. The introduction of digital data sources, and specifically sources available on the internet, has impacted the field of public health surveillance. New opportunities enabled by the underlying availability and scale of internet-based sources (IBSs) have paved the way for novel approaches for disease surveillance, exploration of health communities, and the study of epidemic dynamics. This field and approach is also known as infodemiology or infoveillance.

Objective
This review aimed to assess research findings regarding the application of IBSs for public health surveillance (infodemiology or infoveillance). To achieve this, we have presented a comprehensive systematic literature review with a focus on these sources and their limitations, the diseases targeted, and commonly applied methods.

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted targeting publications between 2012 and 2018 that leveraged IBSs for public health surveillance, outbreak forecasting, disease characterization, diagnosis prediction, content analysis, and health-topic identification. The search results were filtered according to previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
Spanning a total of 162 publications, we determined infectious diseases to be the preferred case study (108/162, 66.7%). Of the eight categories of IBSs (search queries, social media, news, discussion forums, websites, web encyclopedia, and online obituaries), search queries and social media were applied in 95.1% (154/162) of the reviewed publications. We also identified limitations in representativeness and biased user age groups, as well as high susceptibility to media events by search queries, social media, and web encyclopedias.

Conclusions
IBSs are a valuable proxy to study illnesses affecting the general population; however, it is important to characterize which diseases are best suited for the available sources; the literature shows that the level of engagement among online platforms can be a potential indicator. There is a necessity to understand the population’s online behavior; in addition, the exploration of health information dissemination and its content is significantly unexplored. With this information, we can understand how the population communicates about illnesses online and, in the process, benefit public health.
A Brief Mobile-Augmented Suicide Prevention Intervention for People With Psychotic Disorders in Transition From Acute to Ongoing Care: Protocol for a Pilot Trial
Authors: Depp Colin , Ehret Blaire , Villa Jennifer , Perivoliotis Dimitri , Granholm Eric 
Published: November 2019

Background
People with serious mental illnesses (SMIs) are at exceptionally high risk for lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior compared with the general population. The transition period between urgent evaluation and ongoing care could provide an important setting for brief suicide-specific interventions for SMIs. To address this concern, this trial, SafeTy and Recovery Therapy (START), involves a brief suicide-specific cognitive behavioral intervention for SMIs that is augmented with mobile phone interactions.

Objective
The primary aim of this pilot trial is to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of the intervention.

Methods
A 6-month pilot trial with 70 participants with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and current active suicidal ideation were randomized to START or START with mobile augmentation. START consists of 4 weekly sessions addressing early warning signs and triggers, symptoms influencing suicidal thinking, and social relationships. Recovery planning is followed by biweekly telephone coaching. START with mobile augmentation includes personalized automated cognitive behavioral therapy scripts that build from in-person content. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks (end of in-person sessions), 12 weeks (end of telephone coaching), and 24 weeks. In addition to providing point estimates of feasibility and acceptability, the primary outcome of the trial was the change in severity of suicidal ideation as measured with the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) and secondary outcome included the rate of outpatient engagement.

Results
The trial is ongoing. Feasibility and acceptability across conditions will be assessed using t tests or Mann-Whitney tests or chi-square tests. The reduction of SSI over time will be assessed using hierarchical linear models.

Conclusions
The design considerations and results of this trial may be informative for adapted suicide prevention in psychotic disorders in applied community settings.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03198364; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03198364

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/14378
ACCESS TO PRACTICE AS A LAWYER BASED ON DATA FROM THE DISTRICT BAR COUNCIL IN OPOLE
Authors: Wiatrowski Jacek , Czekała Bogusława 
Published: November 2019

Lawyer is a legal profession of public trust who has been appointed to provide legal assistance, shape and apply the law, as well as to cooperate in the field of protection of civil rights and freedoms. This is one of the professions that focus on serving personal human needs and is additionally associated with receiving information about personal life. Therefore, the profession of lawyer must be organized in such a way that it can justify public conviction regarding the proper use of information about the individual that is needed in the course of services rendered (Wyrok TK, 7 maja 2002).
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: Malaniiuk Mariia 
Published: November 2019

The article is focused on the problem of disability as a general mental disease and mental retardation as a kind of intellectual disorder and possible alternative ways of teaching English as a foreign language. The authors define a mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, as a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. They claim that abilities and limitations of mentally handicapped children are presented by defining mental retardation. The article also presents the classification of mental disabilities, and a concrete type of the mental disability ̶ the mild one is characterized. It also substantiates the objective necessity that a skilled teacher should be very flexible and methodologically well prepared for teaching English as a foreign language to mentally handicapped students, using different methods tailored to their individual needs.