bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) Birth Cohort protocol: rationale, design and methodology
Authors: Zare Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad , Danaei Navid , Dadvand Payam , Mehrparvar Amir Houshang , Heidari-Beni Motahar , Nouripour Shamsollah , Nikukar Habib , Daniali Seyede Shahrbanoo , Saffarieh Elham , Noorishadkam Mahmood , Amin Mohammad Mehdi , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Lotfi Mohammad Hassan , Vaez Ahmad , Mirmohammadi Seyyed Jalil , Zarean Elaheh , Mojibian Mahdieh , Hashemipour Mahin , Yaghini Omid , Rezai Mohammad Sadegh , Esmaeili Ali , Fahimzad Alireza , Hakimi Hamid , Navaeifar Mohammad Reza , Ebrahimi Hamid Ostad , Poustchi Hossein , Malekzadeh Reza , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Birth cohorts are essential for developing evidence-based policies and advancing knowledge on different aspects of the concept of developmental origins of health and diseases (DOHaD). The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) is a multicentre cohort in Iran. It is one of the pioneers of DOHaD research in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This profile provides a brief overview of this birth cohort, focusing on the objectives and design of the study. The main objective of this birth cohort is to evaluate the associations of socio-economic characteristics, lifestyle, diet, environmental exposures and epigenetic factors with outcomes of: pregnancy; mother and child mental and physical health and well-being; child neurodevelopment; and the establishment of chronic disease risk factors.
Methods:
The enrolment of PERSIAN Birth Cohort participants is currently ongoing in five Iranian cities (Isfahan, Yazd, Semnan, Sari and Rafsanjan). We plan to recruit 15,000 mother–offspring pairs, and to follow them for at least ten years. Data collection consists of three consecutive phases: (1) periconception until birth; (2) infancy (0–2 years); and (3) childhood (3–11 years). We are collecting data on both ‘determinants of health’ and ‘health outcomes’. In addition to questionnaires and physical examination, various biological samples, including blood, urine, hair, nail, cord blood and breastmilk are being collected. Growth and neurodevelopment of children will be monitored. Appropriate data analysis schemes will be employed to assess the role of early life factors in health and disease that would facilitate international comparisons.
Massachusetts general hospital Covid-19 registry reveals two distinct populations of hospitalized patients by race and ethnicity
Authors: Bassett Ingrid V. , Triant Virginia A. , Bunda Bridget A. , Selvaggi Caitlin A. , Shinnick Daniel J. , He Wei , Lu Frances , Porneala Bianca C. , Cao Tingyi , Lubitz Steven A. , Meigs James B. , Hsu John , Foulkes Andrea S. 
Published: December 2020

Objective
To evaluate differences by race/ethnicity in clinical characteristics and outcomes among hospitalized patients with Covid-19 at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH).

Methods
The MGH Covid-19 Registry includes confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients hospitalized at MGH and is based on manual chart reviews and data extraction from electronic health records (EHRs). We evaluated differences between White/Non-Hispanic and Hispanic patients in demographics, complications and 14-day outcomes among the N = 866 patients hospitalized with Covid-19 from March 11, 2020—May 4, 2020.

Results
Overall, 43% of patients hospitalized with Covid-19 were women, median age was 60.4 [IQR = (48.2, 75)], 11.3% were Black/non-Hispanic and 35.2% were Hispanic. Hispanic patients, representing 35.2% of patients, were younger than White/non-Hispanic patients [median age 51y; IQR = (40.6, 61.6) versus 72y; (58.0, 81.7) (p<0.001)]. Hispanic patients were symptomatic longer before presenting to care (median 5 vs 3d, p = 0.039) but were more likely to be sent home with self-quarantine than be admitted to hospital (29% vs 16%, p<0.001). Hispanic patients had fewer comorbidities yet comparable rates of ICU or death (34% vs 36%). Nonetheless, a greater proportion of Hispanic patients recovered by 14 days after presentation (62% vs 45%, p<0.001; OR = 1.99, p = 0.011 in multivariable adjusted model) and fewer died (2% versus 18%, p<0.001).

Conclusions
Hospitalized Hispanic patients were younger and had fewer comorbidities compared to White/non-Hispanic patients; despite comparable rates of ICU care or death, a greater proportion recovered. These results have implications for public health policy and the design and conduct of clinical trials.
One Year Clinical Evaluation of White Spot Lesions with Newly Introduced Resin Modified Glass-Ionomer in Comparison to Resin Infiltration in Anterior Teeth: a split mouth randomized controlled clinical trial from Egypt
Authors: Rohym Shaimaa Mosutafa , Harhash Asmaa Youssif , Riad Mohammed Farid 
Published: December 2020

Objective: to compare the clinical performance of newly introduced resin modified glass ionomer varnish (Clinpro™ XT) versus resin infiltration in treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions. Material and Methods: Six participants (70 teeth) were enrolled with post-orthodontic white spot lesions. Randomization was performed according to patient selection for the sealed envelope containing which half will receive the control (resin infiltration (ICON, DMG) and the other will receive the intervention (resin modified glass-ionomer cement varnish (Clinpro™ XT, 3M)). Follow up was done after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. The color was assessed by spectrophotometer while the degree of demineralization was measured by Diagnodent pen 2910. Patient satisfaction was assessed using (VAS) Visual analogue scale. Results: Regarding color change, significant improvement in lightness for ICON group, while Clinpro™ XT group, the change was insignificant. The demineralization data revealed significant decrease in demineralization with resin infiltration after immediate application. Clinpro™ XT showed also significant decrease after immediate assessment and significant increase in demineralization in 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: Resin infiltration can be considered more as an alternative treatment rather than fluoride varnish. Clinpro™ XTis considered as a preventive protocol, provided that renewal application is needed after 3 months.
Keywords
3M Resin cement; Resin cements; Glass ionomer cements; Fluorides; Follow up studies; Glass ionomer.
The Economic, Legal and Social Dimension of Regulatory Arbitrage
Authors: Friedrich Jan , Thiemann Matthias 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Regulatory arbitrage – the formal compliance with rules while violating their very spirit – is a persistent practice in daily business and subject of perpetual efforts of regulatory institutions to address this issue. Focusing on both, the practice of regulatory arbitrage as well as attempt of regulators and rule-makers seeking to contain it, the articles in this special issue provide a well-rounded, dialectical understanding of the phenomenon. In this vein, Friedrich zooms in on the construct of synthetic leasing as an example of a product, placed in zones of regulatory overlap between tax and accounting to achieve the most beneficial treatment. Kunkel discusses the political dimension of the conceptual underpinnings of financial reporting and how they are linked to regulatory arbitrage in accounting standards. Stanescu and Bogdan focus on tax sheltering in Romanian debt collecting schemes, just as Langenbucher explores the limits of constraining such practices provided by the need to grant a high degree of legal security, as enshrined in the rule of law. Lastly, Thiemann and Troeger inquire into how supervisors can keep up with financial innovations for regulatory arbitrage in the shadow banking sector, suggesting the need for a flexible interpretation of rules and close exchange with the regulated and their regulatory advisors to control their role bending behavior.
Examining the Impact of Electoral Competition and Endogenous Lobby Formation on Equilibrium Policy Platforms
Authors: Kohli Deepti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper formulates a mathematical model that combines the dynamics of interest group formation with electoral politics, involving office-seeking and corrupt political candidates and voting population with well-defined policy as well as ideological preferences. The analysis provides several interesting insights into the factors affecting lobby membership, free-riding incentives of citizen-voters and aggregate monetary donations garnered by lobby groups. Besides this, the paper also explores the impact of the formation of distinct lobby groups, the presence of swing voters and the corrupt practices or financial embezzlement on the equilibrium policy choice of electoral contenders. The findings reveal that more honest spending of campaign donations by electoral contenders reduces both the size of the lobby (or membership) as well as aggregate campaign contributions in equilibrium. In contrast, a rise in the fixed cost of organization is found to augment lobby membership along with the total amount of campaign contributions. In addition, a reduction in the level of electoral uncertainty as well as a rise in the ideological or swing voter density is found to increase the effectiveness of campaign contributions in raising an electoral candidate’s perceived popularity and, therefore, a smaller lobby group with lower aggregate donations is deemed as sufficient in influencing electoral outcomes. Moreover, the results indicate that a lower utility difference derived by the citizen-voters when comparing the two electoral candidate’s policy choices translates into smaller dispersion of the voters’ ideological bias, and consequently results in an increase in the size of lobby groups and their corresponding aggregate donations. As regards the choice of equilibrium policy, evidence of full policy convergence is not found in the case when citizen-voters of the two groups have separable preferences. In addition, policy equilibrium for a more realistic case in which the two policy platforms exhibit strategic interaction by reacting to each other has also been estimated with the help of simulations. Finally, this paper helps in categorically deciphering the influence of the median voter effect (or the centripetal force) and the distinct centrifugal forces in the form of lobbying effect, swing voter effect and the financial embezzlement effect on the equilibrium policy choice by employing different parametric specifications of the model.
Immunosuppressant quantification in intravenous microdialysate – towards novel quasi-continuous therapeutic drug monitoring in transplanted patients
Authors: Weber Susanne , Tombelli Sara , Giannetti Ambra , Trono Cosimo , O’Connell Mark , Wen Ming , Descalzo Ana B. , Bittersohl Heike , Bietenbeck Andreas , Marquet Pierre , Renders Lutz , Orellana Guillermo , Baldini Francesco , Luppa Peter B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plays a crucial role in personalized medicine. It helps clinicians to tailor drug dosage for optimized therapy through understanding the underlying complex pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Conventional, non-continuous TDM fails to provide real-time information, which is particularly important for the initial phase of immunosuppressant therapy, e.g., with cyclosporine (CsA) and mycophenolic acid (MPA).

Methods
We analyzed the time course over 8 h of total and free of immunosuppressive drug (CsA and MPA) concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in 16 kidney transplant patients. Besides repeated blood sampling, intravenous microdialysis was used for continuous sampling. Free drug concentrations were determined from ultracentrifuged EDTA-plasma (UC) and compared with the drug concentrations in the respective microdialysate (µD). µDs were additionally analyzed for free CsA using a novel immunosensor chip integrated into a fluorescence detection platform. The potential of microdialysis coupled with an optical immunosensor for the TDM of immunosuppressants was assessed.

Results
Using LC-MS/MS, the free concentrations of CsA (fCsA) and MPA (fMPA) were detectable and the time courses of total and free CsA comparable. fCsA and fMPA and area-under-the-curves (AUCs) in µDs correlated well with those determined in UCs (r≥0.79 and r≥0.88, respectively). Moreover, fCsA in µDs measured with the immunosensor correlated clearly with those determined by LC-MS/MS (r=0.82).

Conclusions
The new microdialysis-supported immunosensor allows real-time analysis of immunosuppressants and tailor-made dosing according to the AUC concept. It readily lends itself to future applications as minimally invasive and continuous near-patient TDM.
On the source “composition” of the bronze vessels in the burials of the Yinxu site
Authors: Tang Yuyun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The previous studies on the bronzes were usually focused on their “assemblages”; through analyses to several typical burials in the Yinxu site, this paper presents the concept of “source composition” of bronzes, which emphasizes the source and disposition of bronzes, and pays more attention to the social backgrounds of the bronzes than “assemblages” do. This paper analyzes M303 at Dasikong, M1713 at West Zone, Fu Hao’s tomb and M1046 at Liujiazhuang Locus North of the Yinxu site, and then reveals that the compositions of the bronzes found from them may have two types, namely the single-sourced and multiple-sourced. Moreover, the multiple-sourced compositions also had various forms, which may be caused by the social backgrounds of the burials and the social relations of the burial occupants.
Shang dynasty bronzes and society in southern China: an illustration of complexity and diversity
Authors: Shi Jingsong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The production and use of bronzes had significant influences on the social developments even the formation of the early states. However, in different areas, the bronzes played different roles. By observing the different characteristics of the bronzes in the Central Plains, the Ganjiang River basin, the Xiangjiang River basin, and the Chengdu Plains, various developments of societies can be revealed. The case studies of these areas can further explain the complex relationships between the bronzes and their societies, as well as the diversity of the patterns of the developments of the ancient societies.
Identification of domestic chicken bones in archaeological sites
Authors: Deng Hui , Li Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, with the participation of genetics and other disciplines, the controversy on the origins of the domestic chicken has returned. As the resource of primary data, archaeology plays an extremely important role in this dispute. Taking an archaeological standpoint, this paper aims to establish a set of bone morphological identification standards for domestic chicken bones unearthed at archaeological remains, beginning with the bone morphology as the most basic but also the least studied aspect. By this set of standards, we reanalyze available chicken bone materials and relevant pictorial and textual materials for domestic chicken candidate samples as mentioned by previous scholars. The results show that no confirmed domestic chicken bones have been found in China’s early to mid-Holocene remains to date; meanwhile, there is no substantial archaeological evidence to support China as the earliest place of origin of domestic chicken. Future work seeking to advance research on the origin of the domestic chicken should first pay proper attention to the archaeological background; only continuing scientific analyses and exploration on the origin of domestic chicken based on scientific morphological identification will prove the most convincing methodology.
The Elusive Third Way: The Pyrrhonian Illumination in Wittgenstein’sOn Certainty
Authors: Eichorn Roger E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractI argue in this paper that, like the Pyrrhonism of Sextus Empiricus, Wittgenstein’s response to negative–dogmatic skepticism inOn Certaintyturns on the attempt to free us from the demands of traditional philosophy and is therefore not a philosophical position, strictly speaking. Rather, it is a therapeutic metaphilosophy designed to bring into view (i.e., to illumine) the relationship between our everyday epistemic practices and those of philosophy such that we simultaneously come to recognize (a) what I call the pragmatic–transcendentalself–standingnessof the everyday and (b) its philosophical–rationalgroundlessness. The Pyrrhonian illumination of the everyday is therapeutic in that it aims to purify our metadoxastic attitudes of dogmatism.
Der Kosmos als schweigender Prophet: Zu Plotin,Enn. II 9 [33],9,39–42
Authors: Herkert Felix 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInEnneadII 9,9,39–42 we find a singular passage in which Plotinus asserts that the cosmos ‘proclaims’ (προφητεύει) the divine order. It is the only passage in theEnneadswhere the verb προφητεύειν is used. In this paper the ‘prophetic function’ of the cosmos will be examined. It will be demonstrated how the mentioned passage – despite its unique character in theEnneads– points to the centre of Plotinus’ thought, namely his theory of the causality of intelligible beings. As a sensual product of transcendent causes, the cosmos ‘proclaims’ these causes. In consideration of other relevant passages, the implications of this notion will be delineated to deliver a more comprehensive interpretation of the cosmic προφητεύειν, not least in the context of Plotinus’ remarks about the genesis of time and the fundaments of astrology. It will be shown how Plotinus can articulate his theory of manifestation in terms of a ‘sigetic prophecy’ – ‘sigetic’ in the sense that manifestation unfolds ‘silently’.
Investigation of saturation flow rate using video camera at signalized intersections in Jordan
Authors: Al-Mistarehi Bara’ W. , Alomari Ahmad H. , Al Zoubi Mohamad S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate a potential list of variables that may have an impact on the saturation flow rate (SFR) associated with different turning movements at signalized intersections in Jordan. Direct visits to locations were conducted, and a video camera was used. Highway capacity manual standard procedure was followed to collect the necessary traffic data. Multiple linear regression was performed to classify the factors that impact the SFR and to find the optimal model to foretell the SFR. Results showed that turning radius, presence of camera enforcement, and the speed limit are the significant factors that influence SFR for shared left- and U-turning movements (LUTM) with R2 = 76.9%. Furthermore, the presence of camera enforcement, number of lanes, speed limit, city, traffic volume, and area type are the factors that impact SFR for through movements only (THMO) with R2 = 69.6%. Also, it was found that the SFR for LUTM is 1611 vehicles per hour per lane (VPHPL),which is less than the SFR for THMO that equals to 1840 VPHPL. Calibration and validation of SFR based on local conditions can improve the efficiency of infrastructure operation and planning activities because vehicles’ characteristics and drivers’ behavior change over time.
Broadband gain enhancement of an UWB antenna using conformal wideband NRI metamaterial
Authors: Negi Deepa , Khanna Rajesh , Kaur Jaswinder 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this article, broadband gain enhancement of an ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna is achieved by using 4 × 4 array of a wideband negative refractive index (NRI) metamaterial as a reflector layer. A novel shaped metamaterial sized 14.8 × 14.8 mm2 with double negative (DNG) characteristics in three frequency regions has been fabricated on a flexible FR4 with 0.25 mm thickness. The proposed metamaterial gives a continuous NRI bandwidth of 10 GHz (2–12 GHz). The effective parameters of the unit cell cover S, C, X, and Ku-band independently and show DNG region of 6.1 GHz at C (4–8 GHz) and X band (8.8–10.5 GHz, 11.2–11.6 GHz). The unit cell structure is also found to be feed insensitive. The unit cell has small volume of 54.76 mm3 along with flexible nature which makes it suitable for wearable applications. For a 4 × 4 array the metamaterial still exhibits DNG characteristics. To understand the physical behavior of the unit cell, the circuit analysis along with the study of magnetic and electric field distribution at three resonance frequencies (2.2, 8.2 and 14.2 GHz) is done. Both simulation and measured results indicate that the gain and bandwidth of metamaterial antenna are enhanced by 2 dB and 0.8 GHz.
Treatment of wood with atmospheric plasma discharge: study of the treatment process, dynamic wettability and interactions with a waterborne coating
Authors: Žigon Jure , Pavlič Matjaž , Kibleur Pierre , Van den Bulcke Jan , Petrič Marko , Van Acker Joris , Dahle Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Plasma treatment is becoming a mature technique for modification of surfaces of various materials, including wood. A better insight in the treatment process and the impact of the plasma on properties of wood bulk are still needed. The study was performed on Norway spruce and common beech wood, as well as their thermally modified variations. The formations of the airborne discharge, as well as mass changes of the treated wood, were monitored. The impact of such treatment on wood-coating interaction was investigated by evaluating the dynamic wettability and penetration into wood. At the wood surface, plasma streamers were observed more intense on denser latewood regions. Wood mass loss was higher with increasing number of passes through the plasma discharge and was lower for thermally modified wood than for unmodified wood. Plasma treatment increased the surface free energy of all wood species and lowered the contact angles of a waterborne coating, these together indicating enhanced wettability after treatment. Finally, the distribution and penetration depth of the coating were studied with X-ray microtomography. It was found that the coating penetrated deeper into beech than into spruce wood. However, the treatment with plasma increased the penetration of the coating only into spruce wood.
Transcription, translation, and DNA repair: new insights from emerging noncanonical substrates of RNA helicases
Authors: Russon Matthew P. , Westerhouse Kirsten M. , Tran Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
RNA helicases are enzymes that exist in all domains of life whose canonical functions include ATP-dependent remodeling of RNA structures and displacement of proteins from ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs). These enzymes play roles in virtually all processes of RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA splicing, rRNA processing, nuclear mRNA export, translation and RNA decay. Here we review emerging noncanonical substrates of RNA helicases including RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) and RNA and DNA G-quadruplexes and discuss their biological significance.
The model of Mary between Islam and Catholicism: The figurativization of normative principles in the intercultural exchange
Authors: Ponzo Jenny 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the Catholic tradition, saintly characters work as figurativizations or narrative representations of underlying values and normative principles and therefore represent strategic communication media to disseminate particular models of behavior among the faithful. This paper tests the efficacy of the representation of saintly figures in the case of the interreligious dialogue by focusing on the case study of the construction and communication of the figure of the Virgin Mary in the encounter between Catholics and Muslims. What emerges from an analysis of scholarly and institutional texts, as well as from some reflections on ecumenical practices in Marian shrines, is that the representation of Mary as the figurativization of abstract values and norms mostly concerns a cultivated elite and that the dialogue on the respective representations of Mary is quite limited and concerns especially Mary as the model of the perfect pious and devout person.