bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Protocol of Process Evaluation of Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sa’id Iklil Iman Mohd , Nadal Iliatha Papachristou , Forbes Angus , Goldsmith Kimberley , Ismail Irmi Zarina , Hassan Faezah , Ching Siew Mooi , Guess Nicola , Murphy Helen , Prina Matthew , Yusof Barakatun Nisak Mohd , Basri Nurul Iftida , Salim Mazatulsafura Sf , Sobri Nur Hafizah Mahamad , Ma'ruf Choiriyatul 'Azmiyaty Amar , Yap Pamela Phui Har , Ismail Khalida , Chew Boon How 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Process evaluations of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can provide insight and inform us on the intervention implementation, causal mechanisms and the contextual factors; whether an intervention is effective or ineffective due to implementation failure or failure of the intervention itself. Hence, we aim to consolidate the methodology from previous process evaluations of complex interventions in healthcare services upon their findings on facilitators and barriers to address the prevention of type 2 diabetes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Comprehensive search will be conducted on electronic databases, trial registers, and reference lists of recent reviews for RCTs of complex interventions which address process evaluations of diabetes prevention intervention (DPI) for women with GDM in healthcare settings. There are no restriction on the year of publication and language of the papers. Data from each study will be extracted by two reviewers independently using standardized forms. Data extracted include descriptive items on the study design and the outcomes of process evaluations from the three dimensions: (1) implementation (theoretical framework, reach, dose delivered, dose received, fidelity, behaviour change techniques and competency in delivering them); (2) mechanistic (format of delivery either digital, non-digital or hybrid, participant and healthcare provider experience and feedback; (3) contextual (socio-cultural context, the organisational factors, local and national policy factors as barriers, facilitators, contamination and adoption for the DPI and the control as well as the conflict of interest). The quality of the studies will be assessed using mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) which designed for the appraisal stage of systematic mixed studies reviews. A narrative and thematic synthesis of the findings will be presented to inform the contents of a new DPI for women with GDM. Discussion: The findings from this process evaluation findings are valuable in determining whether a complex intervention should be scaled up or modified for other contexts in future plan. Publishing this protocol could benefit our understanding on how the process evaluation have been conducted thus far and give deeper input in understanding potential challenges and solutions to aid in the implementation of effective DPIs for GDM in Malaysia. Systematic Review Registration: CRD42020208212
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Dropout Rate in the World: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Mehrabi Manoosh , Safarpour Ali Reza , Keshtkar Abbas Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRecently, massive open online courses (MOOCs) have received increasing popularity throughout the world. Regardless of the subject taught and the university providing the course, the dropout rate of MOOCs is one of the most important challenges ahead.Methods This systematic review will search MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), Embase (Embase.com), ASSIA, CINAHL, Education Research, BEI, and Eric databases systematically according to predefined criteria without language restrictions to retrieve prospective and retrospective observational studies conducted between the 1st of January 2000 and 30th of March 2020 which evaluated the frequency of leaving MOOCs throughout the world. In the absence of severe methodological heterogeneity, the data will be combined and a meta-analysis will be performed. DiscussionAs dropout rate is one of the most challenges that universities may encounter, this systematic review will help universities extend their view, save their resources or maybe design their MOOCs differently.RegistrationRegistered in Open Science Framework, available at: https://osf.io/jgyqx/
Effectiveness of Matching Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) in Corneal Transplantation: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Sachdeva Gagandeep Singh , Cabada Joshua Piollo , Karim Syed Saad , Kahandawa Dmitry Lakvin , Thomas Kevin Anil , Kumar Anusha , Barry Robert J. , Butt Gibran Farook 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCorneal transplantation is the most frequently performed transplantation in the UK. Despite this, the therapeutic value of matching Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) subtypes for transplanted corneas remains controversial. Ocular immune privilege was originally deemed to render matching unnecessary; however more recently, matching has demonstrated improved outcomes including graft success, amongst others. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of major and minor antigen matching on graft outcomes in corneal transplantation. MethodsStandard systematic review methodology will be used to identify, select and extract data from observational studies and clinical trials assessing the effects of HLA matching on corneal graft outcomes. Bibliographic databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus), clinical trial registers, abstract and conference proceedings, in addition to dissertation, thesis and grey literature will be searched. Neither date of publication nor language will be restricted, and non-English articles will be translated were necessary. The primary outcome will be to assess corneal graft success for different degrees of HLA matching/mismatching. The precise end outcome measure varies amongst studies and includes graft rejection, immunoreaction, failure and survival. Therefore, data will be extracted across all relevant outcome parameters and grouped for subsequent statistical tests. Risk of bias assessment will be completed, appropriate to each study design. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be independently completed by two reviewers. Data will be tabulated, and a narrative synthesis presented. Meta-analysis will be performed where there is sufficient homogeneity between studies to warrant its effective completion. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis will be undertaken if appropriate.DiscussionMany studies have investigated the effectiveness of HLA matching for corneal transplantation. A systematic review is needed to collate and analyse this evidence. Findings of this systematic review may form the basis of evidence-based recommendations on pre-operative HLA typing and matching of corneal grafts for transplantation.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO reference CRD42020198882
Visual Impairment and Medication Safety:&nbsp;A Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Giles Sally J , Panagioti Maria , Riste Lisa , Cheraghi-Sohi Sudeh , Lewis Penny , Adeyemi Isabel , Davies Karen , Morris Rebecca , Phipps Denham , Dickinson Christine , Ashcroft Darren , Sanders Caroline 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The number of individuals with a visual impairment in the UK was estimated a few years ago to be around 1.8 million People can be visually impaired from birth, childhood, early adulthood or later in life. Those with visual impairment are subject to health inequities and increased risk for patient safety incidents in comparison to the general population. They are also known to be at an increased risk of experiencing medication errors compared to those without visual impairment. In view of this, this review aims to understand the issues of medication safety for VI people. Methods/design: Four electronic bibliographic databases will be searched: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL. Our search strategy will include search combinations of two key blocks of terms. Studies will not be excluded based on design. Included studies will be empirical studies. They will include studies that relate to both medication safety and visual impairment. Two reviewers (SG and LR) will screen all the titles and abstracts. SG, LR, RM, SCS and PL will perform study selection and data extraction using standard forms. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion or third party adjudication. Data to be collected include study characteristics (year, objective, research method, setting, country), participant characteristics (number, age, gender, diagnoses), medication safety incident type and characteristics. Discussion: The review will summarise the literature relating to medication safety and visual impairment.
Clinical Application of Central Venous Catheter in Closed Thoracic Drainage After Minimally Invasive Surgery for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Zhao Yang , Bai Zhixia , Wang Tao , Song Dong , Li Tao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical safety and practicability of the closed thoracic drainage device after esophageal cancer surgery, so as to reduce the postoperative pain and shorten the length of the hospital stay,speed up the postoperative recovery of the patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery for esophageal cancer in the Second Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019. Among them, 44 and 59 patients underwent central venous catheter thoracic drainage and traditional closed thoracic drainage, respectively. Recorded data included postoperative pleural drainage, postoperative extubation time, postoperative complications (postoperative encapsulated pleural effusion, postoperative subcutaneous emphysema, postoperative atelectasis, postoperative pneumothorax, postoperative pulmonary infection, postoperative anastomotic leakage), catheter re-insertion after extubation, postoperative hospital stay,postoperative drainage tube healing time,and postoperative pain score, etc.Results: There was no statistical difference in the postoperative chest drainage (d1) (547.72 ± 64.66 & 536.27 ± 84.67ml), postoperative extubation time (7.61 ± 0.92 & 7.53 ± 1.02min), or postoperative complications between the experimental group and the control group (p > 0.05). Postoperative thoracic drainage (d2-d5), postoperative hospital stay (11.75 ± 2.02 & 13.03 ± 1.29days), drainage tube healing time (5.64 ± 1.12 & 14.02 ± 1.32days), and postoperative pain scores were significantly different between the two groups of esophageal cancer patients (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The central venous catheter used for thoracic drainage is not only safe and reliable, but also greatly reduces postoperative pain and discomfort of patients, and accelerates postoperative recovery of patients. Therefore, it conforms to the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery,an disworthy of clinical application.
NLR combined with SaO2 predict severe illness among COVID-19 patients: a currently updated model
Authors: Zhang zili , Zeng Xiansheng , Wang Jian , Guo E , Fu Minglong , Yang Xuejiao , Bai Yun , Huang Qiaoxin , Li Zhuowei , Xu Jingyi , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaodan , Liu Fei , Yuan Liang , Xie Xiaohui , Li Qiongqiong , Deng Bingxian , Chen Lingzhu , Gao Yongxuan , Wang Lan , Cai Zhou , Zhu Zhanbei , Lin Fanjie , Liu Wei , Guo Hua , Huang Qinghui , Zhong Nanshan , Lu Wenju 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continuously poses a serious threat to public health, highlighting an urgent need for simple and efficient early detection and prediction. Methods: We comprehensively investigated and reanalyzed the published indexes and models for predicting severe illness among COVID‑19 patients in our dataset, and validated them on an independent dataset. Results: 696 COVID-19 cases in the discovery stage and 337 patients in the validation stage were involved. The AuROC of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (0.782) was significantly higher than that of the other 11 independent risk indexes in severe outcome prediction. The combination of NLR and oxygen saturation (SaO2) (NLR+SaO2) showed the biggest AuROC calculations with a value of 0.901; with a cut-off value of 0.532, it exhibited 84.2% sensitivity, 88.4% specificity and 86.8% correct classification ratio. Moreover, we first identified that principal component analysis (PCA) is an effective tool to predict the severity of COVID-19. We obtained 86.5% prediction accuracy with 86% sensitivity when PCA was applied to predict severe illness. In addition, to evaluate the performance of NLR+SaO2 and PCA, we compared them with currently published predictive models in the same dataset. Conclusions: It showed that NLR+SaO2 is an appropriate and promising method for predicting severe illness, followed by PCA. We then validated the results on an independent dataset and revealed that they remained robust accuracy in outcome prediction. This study is significant for early treatment, intervention, triage and saving limited resources.
Reference values of respiratory impedance with impulse oscillometry in healthy Chinese adults
Authors: Liang Xiaolin , Gao Yi , Guan Weijie , Du Jing , Chen Li , Han Wen , Liu Jinming , Lu Yong , Peng Yi , Zhao Bingrong , wang Tao , Zheng Jinping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a non-invasive pulmonary function test for measuring respiratory impedance. Available reference equations of IOS indices for adults are limited. The aim of this study was to develop reference equations of IOS indices for Chinese adults.Methods: In a multicentral, cross-sessional study of impulse oscillometry in Chinese adults, IOS data from healthy subjects were collected from 19 general hospitals across China was between 2016 and 2018. IOS measurements were conducted in accordance with recommendations of the European Respiratory Society. Multiple linear regression was performed to develop sex-specific reference equations of IOS indices.Results: IOS measurements were performed in 1318 subjects, of which 567 subjects were defined as healthy normal individuals with acceptable IOS data and were included in the final analysis. Reference equations and limits of normal (LLN/ULN) of IOS indices were developed separately for males and females. Height but not age was shown to be the most influential contributor to IOS indices. The reference equations currently used in lung function laboratories predicted higher R5 and X5. Normal ranges of R5 and X5 recommended by the equipment manufacturer were clearly different from the ULN/LLN derived from the reference equations.Conclusions: Reference equations of IOS indices for Chinese adults from a wide region were provided in this study. It is necessary to update new IOS reference equations and adopt ULN/LLN as normal ranges of IOS indices.Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as part of a larger study NCT03467880.
Covid-19 and HIV: Not Always an Unfavorable Combination
Authors: Bertozzi Pedro Vieira , Vicente Amanda de Oliveira , Pereira Amanda Siqueira , Sant'Ana João Pedro Espinha de , Mano Rafaela Braga Cabrera , Jorge Luciana Souza , Sardenberg Rodrigo Afonso da Silva 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundA 73-years-old-man patient who had a history of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) infection for over 20 years was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Case presentationThe patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), where he remained for 25 days, due to a severe condition. Intubation, hemodialysis and tracheostomy were necessary to maintain homeostasis. In addition to regular treatment with etravirine, dolutegravir, darunavir and ritonavir for highly active antiretroviral therapy, the patient received To-cilizumab, which showed a great recovery in the patient's condition.Conclusion﻿The patient had several risk factors, such as: male gender, age> 70 years and hypertension. The use of To-cilizumab was of great importance in the patient's recovery, since the drug increased his immune response, which is deficient, due to HIV infection.
Cardiorespiratory Coupling is Associated With Exercise Capacity in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease&nbsp;
Authors: Huang Yu-Chen , Lin Ting-Yu , Wu Hau-Tieng , Chang Po-Jui , Lo Chun-Yu , Wang Tsai-Yu , Kuo Chih-Hsi Scott , Lin Shu-Min , Chung Fu-Tsai , Lin Horng-Chyuan , Hsieh Meng-Heng , Lo Yun Lun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Although comorbidites of cardiovascular disease is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the interaction between the heart and lungs in COPD patients has yet to be further elucidated. Synchrogram index is a new parameter that can quantify this interaction and has the potential to apply in COPD patients. Aim: Our objective in this study was to characterize cardiorespiratory interactions in terms of cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) using the synchrogram index of the heart rate and respiratory flow signals in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and a preliminary data from a prospective study, examining 55 COPD patients. K-means clustering analysis was applied to cluster COPD patients based on synchrogram index. Linear regression and multivariable regression analysis were used to determine the correlation between the synchrogram index and the exercise capacity assessed by six-minute walking test (6MWT).Results: The 55 COPD patients were separated into a synchronized group (median 0.89 (0.64-0.97), n=43) and a desynchronized group (median 0.23 (0.02-0.51), n=12) based on K-means clustering analysis. Synchrogram index was correlated significantly with six minutes walking distance (r=0.42, p=0.001) and distance saturation product (r= 0.41, p=0.001) assessed by 6MWT, and still was an independent variable by multivariable regression analysis.Conclusion: This is the first result studying the heart-lung interaction in terms of cardiorespiratory coupling in COPD patients by the synchrogram index, and COPD patients are clustered into synchronized and desynchronized groups. Cardiorespiratory coupling is associated with exercise capacity in patients with COPD.
Diagnostic Value of Immunohistochemical Markers in Four-grade Histological Classification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Feiqian , Numata Kazushi , Nakano Masayuki , Tanabe Mikiko , Chuma Makoto , Nihonmatsu Hiromi , Nozaki Akito , Moriya Satoshi , Luo Wen , Ruan Litao , Okada Masahiro , Otani Masako , Inayama Yoshiaki , Maeda Shin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Accurate differential diagnosis regarding histological grades of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical for targeted treatment and prognostic evaluation. However, the currently used descriptive diagnosis of histological grading have to observe tedious item of neovascularization, stromal invasion, cellular and structural atypia, which have drawbacks of subjectivity and error-prone. Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers-based diagnosis only needs to determine whether there is staining in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and / or nucleus. Using IHC markers targeted heat shock protein (HSP)70, glypican (GPC)3, glutamine synthetase (GS), and organic anion transport peptide (OATP), we sought to establish an easy method for the diagnosis of the histopathological grades and further explore the best efficacy by their combined or independent application.Methods: We retrospectively conducted a study of 157 patients with 200 histologically confirmed HCCs, which were classified into early (n= 45), well (n=31), moderately (n=68), and poorly (n=56) differentiated (diff.) HCC. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of HSP70, GPC3, GS and OATP on each histological grade were examined. Results: HSP70 and GPC3 showed difference in most histological grades of HCC ( P < 0.05). GS distinguished early HCC from three other histological grades (p < 0.01). OATP8 only differentiated early HCC from poorly diff. HCC (P=0.019). When any two of the three indicators (HSP, GPC3, and GS) were negatively expressed, the diagnostic efficacy of early HCC was the highest, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.802 and accuracy of 80.5%. The optimal efficacy for poorly diff. HCC detection was obtained when both GPC3 and HSP70 were positively expressed (74.4% accuracy; AUC = 0.703). However, for well and moderately diff. HCC, a relative satisfactory AUC value (>0.60) failed to yield either by the independent or combined diagnosis of any IHC indicators.Conclusion: Using GS, HSP70, and GPC3, early and poorly diff. HCC can be properly diagnosed. IHC markers might be a potential alternative tool for histological differential diagnosis of HCC.
Impact of 1-Hour Bundle Achievement in Septic Shock
Authors: Ko Byuk Sung , Choi Sung-Hyuk , Shin Tae Gun , Kim Kyuseok , Jo You Hwan , Ryoo Seung Mok , Kim Youn-Jung , Park Yoo Seok , Kwon Woon Yong , Choi Han Sung , Chung Sung Phil , Suh Gil Joon , Kang Hyunggoo , Lim Tae Ho , Son Donghee , Kim Won Young 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background: Evidence supporting the association between 1-hour bundle achievement and patient outcomes is limited and inconsistent. Hence, this study aimed to address the impact of 1-hour bundle achievement on outcomes in septic shock patients.Methods: A prospective multicentre observational study of septic shock patients with a protocolised resuscitation bundle therapy at emergency departments was conducted from October 2015 to December 2018. In-hospital mortality according to 1-hour bundle achievement from shock recognition were compared using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Patients were also divided into six groups according to the time of bundle achievement and outcomes were compared to examine the difference in outcome for each group over time: group 1 (≤1 h; reference), 2 (1–2 h), 3 (2–3 h), 4 (3–4 h), 5 (4–5 h), and 6 (5–6 h). Results: In total, 1,612 patients with septic shock were included and in-hospital mortality was 18.2%. The 1-hour bundle was achieved in 461 (28.6%) patients. In multivariate analysis, the group achieving 1-hour bundle did not show a significant difference in in-hospital mortality compared to those who did not achieve 1-hour bundle (odds ratio = 0.74, confidence interval: 0.522–1.049, p = 0.091). However, groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 showed significantly lower odds ratios of in-hospital mortality compared to those who did not achieve the bundle elements (odds ratio = 0.733, 0.604, 0.541, 0.532, and 0.458, respectively; p = 0.042, 0.001, < 0.001, 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality over time for each group compared to that of group 1 used as a reference.Conclusion: One-hour bundle achievement was not associated with improved outcomes in septic shock patients with protocolised resuscitation bundle therapy. However, groups achieving 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-hour bundle were associated more with improved outcome than those who did not. Further clinical trials are needed to clarify the clinical implications of 1-hour bundle achievement.