bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new physical accounting model for material flows in urban systems with application to the Stockholm Royal Seaport District
Authors: Papageorgiou Asterios , Sinha Rajib , Frostell Björn , Sundberg Cecilia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSustainable urbanization requires streamlining of resource management in urban systems which in turn requires understanding of urban metabolism (UM). Even though various methods have been applied for UM analysis, to date there is no standardized method for comprehensive accounting of material flows in urban systems. Moreover, the accounting of material flows is rarely implemented with a bottom‐up approach that can provide a thorough analysis of UM. This article presents the Urban Accounting Model (UAM) which aims to allow comprehensive accounting of urban material flows based on a bottom‐up approach. The model comprises two interlinked sub‐models. The first was developed by integrating a new physical input output table (PIOT) framework for urban systems into a three‐dimensional structure. The second comprises a set of physical accounts for systematic accounting of material flows of each economic sector in the system in order to support the compilation of the PIOTs. The functions of the UAM were explored through its application to two urban neighborhoods in the Stockholm Royal Seaport district. The application highlighted that the UAM can describe the physical interactions between the urban system and the environment or other socioeconomic systems, and capture the intersectoral flows within the system. Moreover, its accounts provide information that allow an in‐depth analysis of the metabolism of specific sectors. Overall, the UAM can function as a useful tool for UM analysis as it systematizes data collection and at the same time depicts the physical reality of the urban system.
Targeted therapy in oncology patients and skin: Pharmaceutical and dermocosmetic management
Authors: Varvaresou Athanasia , Iakovou Kriton , Mellou Fotini , Myrogiannis Dimetrios , Papageorgiou Spyros 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNumerous oncology patients who receive targeted therapy suffer from the skin adverse effects induced. Novel agents, that is tyrosine kinase inhibitors and RAS‐RAF‐MEK‐ERK pathway, have given good results in patient survival while decreasing the systemic toxicities in comparison to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, but are also related to skin adverse effects.AimsIn this article, we highlighted the importance of specific pharmaceutical and dermocosmetic management of the untoward events of targeted therapy.ConclusionThe combination of Oncodermatology, Psychodermatology, Cosmetic Dermatology, Cosmetic Science, Dermatopharmacology and Aesthetic Science can offer a lot for the prevention or early relief of the cutaneous adverse effects in oncology patients receiving targeted therapy.
A randomized study showing improved skin quality and aesthetic appearance of dorsal hands after hyaluronic acid gel treatment in a Chinese population
Authors: Wu Yan , Tian Yan , Xu Jinhua , Zhong Shaomin , Wang Ruiyan , Wu Wenyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients are increasingly aware of the aesthetic appearance of aging hands.AimsTo evaluate efficacy and safety of a hyaluronic acid gel for improving skin quality in aged skin of the dorsal hand.MethodsThis was a 15‐month randomized, multi‐center, evaluator‐blinded, split‐hand, no treatment‐controlled study. Three treatments with hyaluronic acid gel were administered in the same hand in adult Chinese subjects with grade 2 or 3 (mild or moderate aging) on the Hand Grading Scale (HGS). The primary objective was to evaluate the difference at 3 months between treated and untreated hands, based on the blinded evaluator's HGS assessment. Secondary assessments included the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), biophysical measurements (skin elasticity, skin roughness and hydration), and subject satisfaction. Safety was evaluated by incidence of adverse events.ResultsA total of 100 subjects were enrolled. Clinically relevant differences in HGS favored HA gel (P < .0001). At 15 months, 87%‐96% of treated hands were still improved according to GAIS (per evaluator and subject, respectively). Objective measures of skin quality improved, confirmed by evaluators and highly satisfied subjects. Treatment was well tolerated.ConclusionsHyaluronic acid treatment improved skin quality and reduced the aging appearance of the hand, with high subject satisfaction.
Predictors of unplanned readmission to acute care from inpatient brain injury rehabilitation
Authors: McKechnie Duncan , Fisher Murray J. , Pryor Julie , McKechnie Rochelle 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify the predictors of unplanned readmission to acute care (RTAC) from inpatient brain injury rehabilitation and to develop a risk prediction model.BackgroundRTAC from inpatient rehabilitation is not uncommon. Individual rehabilitation patient populations require their own body of evidence regarding predictors of RTAC.DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsAdult patients with new onset acquired brain injury admitted to a stand‐alone rehabilitation facility between 1 January 2012–31 December 2018 were included in the study. The main measures were RTAC, sensitivity, specificity, the C‐statistic and Youden's index. This paper is reported using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.ResultsOf 383 patients admitted for rehabilitation, 83 (22%) experienced a RTAC; 69 (18%) patients had at least one unplanned RTAC episode. Patients requiring unplanned RTAC were more likely to have lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores on rehabilitation admission, a higher burden of care on rehabilitation discharge and be discharged to a nonhome residence. Rehabilitation admission GCS and motor FIM were identified as the independent RTAC predictors in multivariate regression modelling. The combined C‐statistic was 0.86. A GCS cut‐off score of ≤14 and motor FIM cut‐off score of ≤40 were identified as optimal, yielding a combined Youden's index of 0.56 (sensitivity = 0.72; specificity = 0.83).ConclusionPatients requiring an unplanned RTAC had a lower functional status on rehabilitation admission. A prediction model for unplanned RTAC has been developed using validated and readily available clinical measures.Relevance to clinical practiceThe developed RTAC risk prediction model is the first step in preventing unplanned RTAC from inpatient brain injury rehabilitation. Future research should focus on discrete interventions for preventing unplanned RTAC from inpatient brain injury rehabilitation.
Netrin‐1 and its receptor Unc5b as markers of periodontal disease
Authors: Gunpinar Sadiye , Meraci Bilge , Dundar Niyazi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this present study was to evaluate the levels of Netrin‐1 and Unc5b in periodontal health and disease.BackgroundNetrin‐1, acting via its receptor UNC5b, regulates the inflammatory response and takes apart in bone destructive diseases.MethodsSamples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), whole saliva, and serum were taken from systemically healthy, nonsmoking 20 periodontitis , 20 gingivitis patients, and 20 periodontally healthy subjects at baseline and 4 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Whole‐mouth and site‐specific clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Netrin‐1 and Unc5b levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed by nonparametric tests.ResultsTotal amount of Netrin‐1 in GCF was significantly higher in periodontitis than the others, and the levels were significantly reduced after NSPT. Salivary and serum concentrations of Netrin‐1 were significantly different among the study groups (P = .000), and NSPT significantly increased the concentration levels of both salivary and serum Netrin‐1 (P < .05). Healthy subjects had significantly lower GCF (P = .001) and conversely, higher salivary and serum levels of Unc5b than the other groups (P = .002). The GCF levels of Unc5b were significantly reduced (P < .01), and conversely, serum concentrations were significantly increased after NSPT (P < .05). GCF Netrin‐1 and Unc5b total amounts were positively correlated with clinical parameters (P < .01 and P < .05) whereas salivary Netrin‐1 and Unc5b concentrations were negatively correlated with clinical parameters (P < .01 and P < .05).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that Netrin‐1 and its receptor Unc5b may have essential roles in periodontal inflammation and those can be assumed as useful therapeutic agent to control inflammation and periodontal breakdown.
Role of electrolyte concentrations and renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone activation in the staging of canine heart disease
Authors: Adin Darcy , Kurtz Kari , Atkins Clarke , Papich Mark G. , Vaden Shelly 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRefractory congestive heart failure (CHF) and associated diuretic resistance are not well defined.ObjectivesTo characterize renal function, electrolyte concentrations, indices of diuretic efficacy, and renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) activation in dogs with naturally occurring heart disease (HD) in American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stages B1, B2, C, and D and to determine their usefulness in defining HD stages.AnimalsGroup 1:149 dogs with HD stages B1, B2, C, and D. Group 2:22 dogs with HD stages C and D.MethodsGroup 1: Renal parameters, serum and urine electrolyte and diuretic concentrations, and urine aldosterone concentrations were measured. Medication dosages and measured variables were compared among stages. Correlation of furosemide dosages to serum concentrations was explored. Group 2: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity and RAAS components were measured and compared among CHF stages.ResultsSerum chloride concentration was the best differentiator of HD stage. Furosemide PO dosages (≤6 mg/kg/day) were weakly correlated with serum furosemide concentrations, whereas higher dosages were not significantly correlated. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor dosage and RAAS inhibition were greater in stage D, compared to stage C dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHypochloremia is a useful marker for stage D HD in dogs. Poor furosemide dosage correlation to serum concentration may indicate variable and poor absorption, especially at higher dosages, advanced disease, or both. A small number of stage D dogs met proposed criteria for diuretic resistance. Greater RAAS inhibition in stage D versus stage C indicates effectiveness of RAAS‐suppressive treatments in this group of dogs with refractory CHF.
Body condition, sex and elevation in relation to mite parasitism in a high mountain gecko
Authors: Comas M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractParasitism is one of the main selective forces in nature, strongly affecting host fitness. Still, knowledge is incomplete concerning how variation in probability and intensity of infestation depends on body condition, sex or geographic variables. Here, I study the variation in probability and intensity of infestation of bloodsucking mites parasitizing the Atlas day gecko (Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus) depending on host body condition, sex and elevation, in the High Atlas (Morocco). Parasite prevalence was 58.75%, and probability of infection decreased with host body condition. However, parasitism intensity tended to increase with body condition. The parasite load ranged from 0 to 16 mites per individual, with a mean intensity of 3.0 ± 0.37 (se) in infested geckos. Prevalence was higher in males (2/3 parasitized) than in females (1/2 parasitized), but intensity did not significantly differ with sex. Neither prevalence nor intensity varied with elevation. In conclusion, geckos in better body condition harboured heavier parasite loads, but animals with the highest body condition were not infested. These findings suggest that animals with good body condition may tolerate heavier mite infestations, but only animals with the highest body condition may resist infestation.
Tracheal extubation in children: Planning, technique, and complications
Authors: Veyckemans Francis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough poorly described in textbooks and rarely a topic of lecture, tracheal extubation is a critical phase of anesthetic care. It should therefore be carefully planned taking into account simple physiology‐based principles to maintain the upper airway patent and avoid lung de‐recruitment, but also the pharmacology of all anesthetic agents used. Although the management of most of its complications can be learned in a clinical simulation environment, the basic techniques can so far only be taught at the bedside, in the operating room. In this paper, the process of extubation is described in successive steps: preparation, return to adequate spontaneous ventilation, awake versus deep extubation, timing according to the child's breathing cycle, extubation in the operating room or in the Postanesthesia Care unit, child's management immediately after extubation, diagnosis and treatment of the early complications, and finally, how to prepare for a difficult reintubation.
KNOWLEDGE AND TRUTH: A SKEPTICAL CHALLENGE
Authors: Buckwalter Wesley , Turri John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is widely accepted in epistemology that knowledge is factive, meaning that only truths can be known. We argue that this theory creates a skeptical challenge: because many of our beliefs are only approximately true and therefore false, they do not count as knowledge. We consider several responses to this challenge and propose a new one. We propose easing the truth requirement on knowledge to allow approximately true, practically adequate representations to count as knowledge. In addition to addressing the skeptical challenge, this view also coheres with several previous theoretical proposals in epistemology.
Successful treatment of fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection with emergent fecal microbiota transplantation in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and prolonged, severe neutropenia
Authors: Lee Matthew S. L. , Ramakrishna Bharat , Moss Alan C. , Gold Howard S. , Branch‐Elliman Westyn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and prolonged, severe neutropenia who developed fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection refractory to medical therapy and was high‐risk for surgical intervention. He was treated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for life‐saving cure. The patient had subsequent clinical improvement, however, developed multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia 2 days post‐procedure. We describe subsequent investigation of this event that found this bacteremia was not related to the donor stool administered during FMT. This case adds to the literature that FMT could be considered in heavily immunocompromised patients with fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection where maximal medical therapy has been ineffective and surgery may carry an excessively high mortality risk.
Staphylococcus sciuri peritonitis in a patient on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Meservey Amber , Sullivan Alexander , Wu Christine , Lantos Paul M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStaphylococcus sciuri is an occasional cause of human infection that has been described in the flora of numerous animal species and in environmental specimens. Here, we report a rare case of S. sciuri peritonitis in a dialysis patient who had exposure to peridomestic animals.
The generalized Fermat equation with exponents 2, 3,
Authors: Freitas Nuno , Naskręcki Bartosz , Stoll Michael 
Published: November 2019

We study the generalized Fermat equation $x^{2}+y^{3}=z^{p}$, to be solved in coprime integers, where $p\geqslant 7$ is prime. Modularity and level-lowering techniques reduce the problem to the determination of the sets of rational points satisfying certain 2-adic and 3-adic conditions on a finite set of twists of the modular curve $X(p)$. We develop new local criteria to decide if two elliptic curves with certain types of potentially good reduction at 2 and 3 can have symplectically or anti-symplectically isomorphic $p$-torsion modules. Using these criteria we produce the minimal list of twists of $X(p)$ that have to be considered, based on local information at 2 and 3; this list depends on $p\hspace{0.2em}{\rm mod}\hspace{0.2em}24$. We solve the equation completely when $p=11$, which previously was the smallest unresolved $p$. One new ingredient is the use of the ‘Selmer group Chabauty’ method introduced by the third author, applied in an elliptic curve Chabauty context, to determine relevant points on $X_{0}(11)$ defined over certain number fields of degree 12. This result is conditional on the generalized Riemann hypothesis, which is needed to show correctness of the computation of the class groups of five specific number fields of degree 36. We also give some partial results for the case $p=13$. The source code for the various computations is supplied as supplementary material with the online version of this article.
Implicit Discontinuous Galerkin Solution on Unstructured Mesh for Turbine Blade Secondary Flow
Authors: Yao M. , He L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To enhance solution accuracy with high-order methods, an implicit solver using the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization on unstructured mesh has been developed. The DG scheme is favored chiefly due to its distinctive feature of achieving a higher-order accuracy by simple internal sub-divisions of a given mesh cell. It can thus relieve the burden of mesh generation for local refinement. The developed method has been assessed in several test cases. First, an examination on the mesh-dependency with different DG orders for discretization has demonstrated the expected mesh convergence order of accuracy correlation. The flow around a cylinder solved with up to the fifth-order accuracy demonstrates the need for a high-order geometrical representation corresponding to the high-order flow field discretization. A calculated turbulent flat plate boundary layer demonstrates the capability of the high-order DG in capturing the laminar sub-layer for a given coarse mesh (y + &gt;20) without a wall function, in a clear contrast to a conventional second-order scheme. The focal test case of the present work is a high-pressure (HP) turbine cascade with the flow losses being strongly influenced by both the laminar separation induced transition on the blade suction surface and the secondary flow development in the endwall region. Fully turbulent RANS solutions consistently overpredict the losses, which can be significantly reduced by an empirically specified transition at a mid-chord point. Of particular interest is a contrasting behavior of pure laminar flow solutions. A steady laminar flow solution is difficult to converge, and even when converging, tends to give an unrealistically large separation. On the other hand when the laminar solution is run in a time-accurate unsteady mode, a qualitatively different flow pattern emerges. The separated shear layer is then shown to lead to coherently shed unsteady vortices with a net entrainment from the main stream to the near-wall region. The resultant time-averaged near-wall flow then effectively becomes a reattached boundary layer. Both overall and distributed losses computed from unsteady laminar solutions are shown to be consistently much better than the fully turbulent RANS solutions. It is remarkable and quite unexpected that for such a seemingly complex 3D flow problem, the straightforward unsteady laminar solutions with no empirical input seem to be comparable with (or slightly better than) the tripped RANS with empirical input.
Temperature Control of a Guard Heater Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Nudehi Shahin S. , Venstrom Luke 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the theoretical background and experimental results of temperature control of a guard heater used in an electrochemical model cell for Mg production. A proportional-integral controller was used for the temperature control system. The gains of the controller were set to be constant and were tuned using a fuzzy logic technique due to inherent uncertainties in the system. The feedback loop was implemented using a real-time hardware. Experimental results were in agreement with the simulation data.
Time Delay Control of a High-DOF Robot Manipulator Through Feedback Linearization Based Predictor
Authors: Bagheri Mostafa , Naseradinmousavi Peiman , Krstić Miroslav 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We formulate a predictor-based controller for a high-DOF manipulator to compensate a time-invariant input delay during a pick-and-place task. Robot manipulators are widely used in tele-manipulation systems on the account of their reliable, fast, and precise motions while they are subject to large delays. Using common control algorithms on such delay systems can cause not only poor control performance, but also catastrophic instability in engineering applications. Therefore, delays need to be compensated in designing robust control laws. As a case study, we focus on a 7-DOF Baxter manipulator subject to three different input delays. First, delay-free dynamic equations of the Baxter manipulator are derived using the Lagrangian method. Then, we formulate a predictor-based controller, in the presence of input delay, in order to track desired trajectories. Finally, the effects of input delays in the absence of a robust predictor are investigated, and then the performance of the predictor-based controller is experimentally evaluated to reveal robustness of the algorithm formulated. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the predictor-based controller effectively compensates input delays and achieves closed-loop stability.
Adaptive NN Learning Control of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Uncertain Systems
Authors: Zhang Jingting , Yuan Chengzhi , Stegagno Paolo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of composite tracking control and adaptive learning for discrete-time nonlinear uncertain systems in a general normal form. This problem specifies a joint objective of stable tracking control and accurate learning/identifying the associated ideal control strategy simultaneously, in which the “ideal control strategy” is defined to be the tracking controller structure that is typically adopted when the controlled plant’s nonlinear dynamics are precisely known. To this end, a novel adaptive neural network (NN) learning controller is proposed based on the deterministic learning theory. Compared with existing adaptive NN control approaches, the proposed controller is capable of rendering not only stable tracking control, but also accurate learning/identifying the ideal tracking control strategy. Moreover, the learned knowledge can be effectively represented and stored as constant NN models, whose weights are guaranteed to converge to ideal/optimal values. Based on this, an experience-based controller is also constructed to achieve desired tracking control performance without online adaptation, leading to reduced computational cost and improved controlled performance. Numerical simulations have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.