bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible Involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor (NMDA-R) in the Antidepressant- like Effect of Trigonelline in Male Mice
Authors: Anjomshoa Maryam , Boroujeni Shakiba N. , Bagheri Esmaeel , Lorigooini Zahra , Amini-Khoei Hossein 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aim:
Depression is a mood disorder with high global prevalence. Depression is associated
with a reduction in the hippocampal volume and change in its neurotransmitters function. Trigonelline is an
alkaloid with neuroprotective activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of N-methyl-Daspartate
(NMDA) receptor in the antidepressant-like effect of trigonelline, considering histopathological modifications
of the hippocampus.

Methods:
60 Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) male mice were divided into 6 groups including group 1
(normal saline), groups 2, 3 and 4 (trigonelline at doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg), group 5 (effective dose of
trigonelline plus NMDA agonist) and group 6 (sub-effective dose of trigonelline plus NMDA antagonist). Forced
swimming test (FST) was used to assess depressive-like behavior. Hippocampi were separated under deep anesthesia
and used for histopathological evaluation as well as NMDA receptor gene expression assessment.

Results:
Trigonelline at doses of 10, 50 and 100 significantly reduced the immobility time in the FST in comparison
to the control group. The administration of the sub-effective dose of trigonelline plus ketamine (an NMDA
receptor antagonist) potentiated the effect of the sub-effective dose of trigonelline. In addition, co-treatment of an
effective dose of trigonelline with NMDA mitigated the antidepressant-like effect of trigonelline. Trigonelline at
doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly increased the diameter of the CA1 area of the hippocampus.

Conclusion:
Trigonelline showed an antidepressant-like effect in mice, probably via attenuation of NMDA receptor
activity and an increase in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
Fetal Cardiac Cellular Damage Caused by Anemia in Utero in Hb Bart’s Disease
Authors: Jatavan Phudit , Kumfu Sirinart , Tongsong Theera , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Severe fetal anemias can cause high output cardiac failure. Mitochondria
are key regulators of cardiac function. However, the effects of an early phase of fetal anemia on the
fetal heart and cardiac mitochondrial function are not known.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to compare mitochondrial function and cardiac biochemical
alterations in the fetal cardiac tissue between anemic and non-anemic fetuses.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Fetuses affected by Hb Bart’s
disease (n=18) and non-anemic fetuses (n=10) at 17-20 weeks. Echocardiograms had been carried
out in all cases to assess prenatal cardiac function. Cardiac tissues were collected after pregnancy
termination for the determination of cardiac iron accumulation, mitochondrial function, including
mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial depolarization and mitochondrial swelling,
mitochondrial dynamics, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Results:
Prenatal cardiac function evaluated by ultrasound was comparable between the Hb Bart’s
and non-anemic groups. In Bart’s group, the levels of cardiac mitochondrial depolarization and
swelling, and the TNF-α level were significantly higher, compared to the non-anemic group. On the
contrary, anti-inflammatory (IL-10) levels were significantly lower in the Hb Bart’s group.
Additionally, active caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression were also significantly higher (P= 0.001,
P=0.035) in Bart’s group. The mitochondrial fission protein expression, including p-DRP1/total
DRP1, was significantly higher in Bart’s group. However, there was no difference in cardiac iron
accumulation levels between these two groups.

Conclusion:
Despite equivalent prenatal cardiac function and comparable cardiac iron
accumulation in the Bart’s and non-anemic groups, fetal anemia is significantly associated with
cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, increased mitochondrial fission, and increased inflammation and
apoptosis. These findings indicate that an early phase of fetal anemia without cardiac iron overload
can lead to cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in fetuses with Hb Bart’s.
Entre la vida parroquial y la militancia política: el espacio urbano para la Unión de Damas Católicas, 1912-1930
Authors: Crespo Reyes Sofía 
Published: June 2020

<p>El artículo analiza la forma en que la Unión de Damas Católicas Mexicanas (1912-1932) desarrolló su vida asociativa a partir de promover un programa de acción político-social utilizando diversas dimensiones del espacio urbano de la ciudad de México: la parroquia, la manzana, los barrios y las colonias. Igualmente, examina cómo sus acciones por la ciudad posibilitaron a la Unión construir un entramado social a través del cual actuaron en distintos campos de manera simultánea, múltiple y articulada. Así, mientras crearon un sistema catequístico, fundaron sindicatos, establecieron escuelas, instaurando una estructura material y espacial que les dio soporte para enfrentar pública y políticamente a los gobiernos posrevolucionarios. Se evalúa el papel de la parroquia como una institución fundamental en la composición y acomodo de las Damas Católicas en la estructura urbana.</p>
Preparation and Evaluation of Sodium Alginate Microparticles using Pepsin
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha , Puri Vishal , Sharma Shubham , Sahoo Debasish , Pal Pradeep Kumar , Kujur Sima , Goyal Gaurav , Singh Amandeep 
Published: June 2020

Aim: The main aim of this article is to prepare and evaluate sodium alginate microparticles and evaluate on the basis of their characterization. The drug is dissolved, encapsulated or attached to a microparticles matrix. Depending upon method of preparation microparticles were obtained. Microparticles were developed as a carrier for vaccines and other disease like rheumatoid arthritis, cancer etc. Microparticles were developed to increase the efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredient to a specific targeted site.
Material and Method: Microparticles of Sodium Alginate, Pepsin and Calcium Chloride were prepared in six batches (A-F) with different ratio of sodium alginate and calcium chloride respectively i.e. (0.25:2.5), (0.25:5), (0.25:7.5), (0.5:2.5), (0.5:5), (0.5:7.5) by using a homogenizing method. Microparticles were evaluated for particle size distribution, zeta potential and morphology.
Result and Discussion: The normal particle size of each of the six batches were analyzed by Zeta Sizer (Delsa C Particle Analyzer) and it was found that the Batch B (0.25:5) delivered the best microparticles with size distribution of 1.2731 (µm). All batches were seen under Motic magnifying microscope by using the Sulforhodamine B (M.W. 479.02) color as staining dye. Microparticles was found to be semi spherical in shape.
Conclusion: Results of all the six batches was contrasted based on particle size investigation, zeta potential and morphology. Batch B (0.25:5) was considered as the best formulation.
Key words: Micro Particle, Pepsin, Sodium Alginate and Calcium Chloride, Sulforhodamine B, Zeta Sizer.
GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds and Phytochemical Evaluation of the Ethanolic Extract of Gomphrena globosa L. Flowers
Authors: Esmat Azmat Unnisa , Mittapally Sirisha , Begum Safiya 
Published: June 2020

Gomphrena globosa (L.) has high medicinal values. All parts are been used as folk medicines. The extract of whole plant / flowers has shown different phytochemical constituents with various clinical properties. These phytochemicals recognised are responsible for various activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, analgesic and cytotoxic. The ethanolic extract of Gomphrena globosa L. flowers of biochemical test indicates the presence of sterols, triterpenoid, tannins, phenols and flavonoids, and on GC-MS analysis it has shown 11 phytochemical compounds with different pharmacological activities. The major bioactive compounds are Docosanoic Acid, Docosyl Ester (25.404%) and Hexatriacontane (24.324%), has proven anti-inflammatory activity.
Keywords: Gomphrena globose L., phytochemical constituents, GC-MS and anti-inflammatory.
Acute and Sub-acute Toxic Effects of Algerian Peganum harmala L. Crud Extract
Authors: Rezzagui Abir , Merghem Mounira , Derafa Ismahane , Dahamna Saliha 
Published: June 2020

The present study was carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of Algerian Peganum harmala L. seeds (Zygophyllaceae). For the acute toxicity assessment, oral administration of P. harmala crud extract to mice in single doses of 0-12 g/kg caused dose-dependent general behavior adverse effects and mortality with LD50 of 2,86 g/kg. In the sub-acute study, daily oral administration of the crude aqueous extract for 28 consecutive days did not result no mortality. However, our results showed a significant difference in organs weights between control and treated animals. In the biochemical analysis, significant changes occurred in Bilirubin, uric acid (UA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the treated animals when compared to the control ones. Hematological analysis showed differences in WBC count and Hemoglobin estimation. However, urinalysis was negative for all parameters except Glucose in the treated group. Pathologically, a few gross abnormalities and histological changes were observed in hepatic and nephritic tissues.
Keywords: Peganum harmala L., Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity, Hematological parameters, Biochemical parameters
Validation of Stability Indicating Method and Degradation Kinetic Study of Apremilast
Authors: Patel Jitesha , Chokshi Parin , Mashru Rajashree 
Published: June 2020

A novel stability indicating RP- HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Apremilast in bulk and marketed formulation. Separation was achieved by using Shimadzu HPLC Analytical Technologies Limited C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5µm) as stationary phase. The optimized mobile phase consist of potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate (pH-3.2): acetonitrile in ratio of 40:60 %v/v with flow rate of 1mL/min by using methanol as diluent. Retention time of Apremilast was found to be 5.4 min which was estimated at wavelength 360nm. Linearity of Apremilast was observed in the concentration range of 50-400µg/mL with r² value of 0.9999. Assay of Apremilast tablet was found to be 99.14-100.75%. Stability indicating nature of RP- HPLC method was estimated by conducting degradation kinetic study. The forced degradation of Apremilast bulk indicate that degradation in acidic, alkali, oxidative and photolysis condition were found to be 21%, 6.5%, 25.7% and 3.9% respectively. The kinetic study of apremilast in alkali degradation followed first order kinetic study. The result indicate that the developed RP-HPLC method is suitable for estimation of Apremilast in presence of degradant product. The above method was validated as per ICH guideline.
Keywords: Apremilast, RP-HPLC, Validation, Forced Degradation Study, Alkali Degradation Kinetic study
Evaluation of the anti-diabetic effect of the methanol leaf extract and fractions of Dennettia tripetala G. Bak (Annonaceae) in alloxan- induced diabetic mice
Authors: Abonyi Uchenna Collins , Omoiri Moses A , Akah Peter A 
Published: June 2020

This study evaluated the anti-diabetic properties of the methanol extract and fractions of Dennettia tripetala leaves in alloxan diabetic rats. The crude methanol extract (ME), n-hexane (NF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol (BF) and water (WF) fractions, were tested for anti-diabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The extracts and its fractions were screened for phytochemical constituents. Glibenclamide was used as the standard anti-diabetic treatment Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were determined using a glucometer. Lipid profile parameters were also assessed. Histopathological examination of the pancreas was performed. The presence of glycosides, saponins, reducing sugars, fats and oil, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, proteins and tannins were detected in ME, and the fractions. Treatment of the rats with the extract and its fractions reduced FBG levels significantly (p < 0.05) within 10 hours of acute treatment and 14 days short term treatment. The highest reduction was by the crude extract,( ME 500 mg/kg) with percentage reduction of 62.89 %. The study revealed significant (p < 0.05) reductions in serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol and LDL levels by the extracts and its fractions while a significant (p < 0.05) increase in HDL levels was evident . The effect of the extract and fractions on body weight indicated a moderate weight gain. Treatment with high dose of the extract and fractions (500 mg/kg) resulted in marked rejuvenation of the pancreatic β cells. The results of this study suggest that the leaves of Dennetia tripetala are endowed with potent anti-diabetic and antilipidemic properties.
Keywords: Dennetia tripetala, Antidiabetic, Alloxan, Lipid profile, Histopathplogy.
Expressions of biomarkers in MCF7 Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Rao Poorima BN , Deeba Farah 
Published: June 2020

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death which accounts for 13% of total deaths, worldwide. Colorectal and Breast cancer fall under main categories according to World Health Organisation (WHO) cancer facts sheet 1. The need to understand the expression of clinical biomarkers in breast cancer and colon cancer is necessary for diagnosis and therapeutic response. In this article, the expressions of histone H1 and TP53 biomarkers were established for four different colon cancer cell lines and compared with the expressions of MCF7 cell line. The results show varied expression of Histone H1 along with TP53 markers among the cell lines. The results suggest that the linker Histone H1 has shown nuclear localization in HCT 116p53 wt (wild type) cancer cell line whereas it has shown cytoplasmic distribution in the respective null type cell line with intense expression. The result also suggests that a localized distribution in HRA19 cells and a diffused distribution in SNU-C2B cell line. These established results were compared with the expression of the biomarkers in MCF7 in order to get a better understanding.
Keywords: Tumour Proteins, p53, H1, MCF-7 cell, HCT116, HRA19.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Multi Layered Magnetic Nanoparticles as Versatile Carrier for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Subbiah Latha  , Palanisamy Selvamani  , Thangavelu Prabha  , Jawahar Natarajan  
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study is to develop a passive targeting of multilayered nanoparticles encountering multiple obstacles on the way to their target due to the mucosal barrier, nonspecific uptake of the drug. To prevent the nonspecific drug toxicity and combination chemotherapy for synergistic effect, multifunctional ferromagnetic properties were successfully fabricated by the layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) technique. The drug-loaded magnetic chitosan nanospheres were coated alternatively with sodium alginate and chitosan up to 3 layers incorporated with melphalan and methotrexate. The core-shell type composites consisting of magnetic nanoparticles decorated with biological substances are interesting for various biomedical applications. The magnetic property investigation reveals that drug-loaded nanomaterials exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. The uniformly distributed magnetic nanoparticles were also observed in scanning electron microscopic images to characterize the synthesized product. The thin film consisting of chitosan nanospheres was coated alternatively with sodium alginate and magnetic nanoparticles had a conductivity of two formulations F1a and F2a were 35.2 emu/g and 43.4 emu/g respectively. The formulation was evaluated for its particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, and in-vitro drug release in the pH of 1.2 and 7.0 fitted in kinetic release studies. The developed magnetic nanoparticles showed promising results with better- delayed drug action and will be an enhanced therapeutic means in combating the infections of cancer therapy.
Metodyczne i rynkowe aspekty ratingu listów zastawnych – doświadczenia z rynku niemieckiego
Authors: Lepczyński Błażej , Gostomski Eugeniusz 
Published: June 2020

Rating międzynarodowych agencji ratingowych odgrywa szczególną rolę na rynku listów zastawnych. Z uwagi bowiem na duży stopień skomplikowania emisji listów zastawnych w zdecydowanej większości przypadków emisje listów zastawnych mają rating przyznany przez przynajmniej jedną międzynarodową agencję ratingową. Oznacza to, że rating stanowi ważną determinantę rozwoju rynku listów zastawnych. Nasze badania w odniesieniu do rynku niemieckiego potwierdzają tezę o dużym znaczeniu ratingu w rozwoju rynku listów zastawnych. W aspekcie metodycznym rating listów zastawnych jest kombinacją elementów ilościowych, jakościowych, a na końcowy wynik procedury ratingowej wpływ ma wynik oceny standingu finansowego emitenta listów zastawnych oraz jakości puli aktywów zabezpieczających. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że poziom ocen ratingowych niemieckich listów zastawnych jest wysoki i co równie ważne stabilny w czasie. Jednak pomimo wysokiego bezpieczeństwa listów zastawnych rating poszczególnym emisjom jest często nadawany przez dwie lub trzy agencje, co przesądza o dużym znaczeniu ratingu jako czynnika rozwojowego, przede wszystkim wspierającego wiarygodność i przejrzystość rynku.
Efekt dźwigni finansowej a struktura źródeł finansowania przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 2005-2018
Authors: Łach Katarzyna 
Published: June 2020

Mechanizm dźwigni finansowej należy do podstawowych zagadnień zarządzania finansami przedsiębiorstwa, a dokładniej kształtowania struktury źródeł finansowania. Literatura poświęca temu zjawisku sporo uwagi, ale przede wszystkim od strony teoretycznej. Niewiele jest jednak badań empirycznych, w których zbadane by było czy mechanizm i efekt dźwigni finansowej jest znany i wykorzystywany przez praktyków. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza racjonalności decyzji o stopniu zaangażowania kredytów i pożyczek w finansowaniu przedsiębiorstw z punktu widzenia efektu dźwigni finansowej. Analizą objęto lata 2005-2018, zbadano czy przedsiębiorstwa w Polsce miały możliwość wykorzystywania długu do zwiększania rentowności kapitałów własnych oraz sprawdzono czy decyzje o zaciąganiu kredytów i pożyczek były skorelowane z poziomem nadwyżki rentowności operacyjnej aktywów nad oprocentowaniem długu, co jest warunkiem pozytywnego efektu dźwigni finansowej. Wykazane zostało, że w większości badanych lat przedsiębiorstwa mogły podwyższać osiągane stopy zwrotu z kapitałów własnych poprzez zwiększanie udziału długu w finansowaniu, nie stwierdzono jednak, aby decyzje te były podejmowanie przy uwzględnianiu zjawiska i efektu dźwigni finansowej.
Society Perception Toward Flood Prevention in Sentosa Klang Park Selangor Malaysia
Authors: Fitria Ceri , Amalia Faza 
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to analyze public perceptions of flood prevention, the effects of floods, and the factors that caused flooding in Sentosa Klang park Selangor Malaysia. This type of research is descriptive qualitative using literature review technique, observation, interview, and documentation studies in data collection. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data obtained from Malaysian literature review. Primary data is collected by conducting interview with informants and making observation or open observation related to people's perception of flood prevention that occurred in Sentosa Klang park, Selangor Malaysia. Search via the internet is related to flood information, as well as document that have been published by relevant agencies.
The results of the research found by the authors indicate that the Malaysian Government has adopted a policy for flood prevention but has not gone well. Factors of flooding in Sentosa Klang park, Selangor Malaysia due to changes in land use, lack of water catchment area, small and clogged drainage channel, lack of public awareness of the surrounding environment, and lower topography. The impact that is often felt by the post-flood population is skin disease, dengue fever, odor, and material losses.
Early Intrusion Detection System (IDS) using Snort and Telegram approach
Authors: Erlansari Aan , Coastera Funny Farady , Husamudin Afief 
Published: June 2020

Computer network security is an important factor that must be considered. Guaranteed security can avoid losses caused by attacks on the network security system. The most common prevention against network attacks is to place an administrator, but problems will arise when the administrator is not supervising the network, so to overcome these problems a system called IDS (Intrusion Detection System) can detect suspicious activity on the network through automating the work functions of an administrator. Snort is one of the software that functions to find out the intrusion. Data packets that pass through network traffic will be analyzed. Data packets detected as intrusion will trigger alerts which are then stored in log files. Thus, administrators can find out intrusions that occur on computer networks, and the existence of instant messaging applications can help administrators to get realtime notifications, one of which is using the Telegram application. The results of this study are, Snort able to detect intrusion of attacks on computer networks and the system can send alerts from snort to administrators via telegram bot in real-time.
Impact of chronic kidney disease on platelet aggregation in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Ilardi Federica , Gargiulo Giuseppe , Paolillo Roberta , Ferrone Marco , Cimino Sara , Giugliano Giuseppe , Schiattarella Gabriele G. , Verde Nicola , Stabile Eugenio , Perrino Cinzia , Cirillo Plinio , Coscioni Enrico , Morisco Carmine , Esposito Giovanni 
Published: June 2020

AimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased thrombotic events and seems to influence platelet reactivity. Conflicting results have been published on platelet response in CKD patients with stable coronary artery disease. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of CKD on platelet aggregation in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy, included the more potent P2Y12 inhibitors.MethodsWe enrolled 206 patients with ACS, divided in two groups, according to the presence or the absence of moderate/severe CKD. Platelet aggregation was performed with light transmission aggregometry and results are expressed as percentage of maximum platelet aggregation. High residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) was defined as maximum platelet aggregation more than 59%.ResultsPatients with CKD [estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2,n = 28] were prevalent older, diabetic, had previous coronary revascularization. In these patients, platelet aggregation was significantly higher than in those with eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2(ADP 10 μmol/l: 28.46 ± 26.19 vs. 16.64 ± 12.79,P < 0.001; ADP 20 μmol/l: 30.07 ± 25.89 vs. 17.46 ± 12.82,P < 0.001). HRPR was observed in 4.4% of patients, with higher prevalence in those with eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2[21.4 vs. 1.7%,P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 15.91 (3.71–68.17),P < 0.001]. At multivariate analysis, after correction for baseline confounders, eGFR [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 0.95 (0.91–0.98),P = 0.007], together with the use of clopidogrel [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 23.59 (4.01–138.82),P < 0.001], emerged as determinants of HRPR.ConclusionIn patients with ACS receiving dual antiplatelet therapy, CKD is associated with an increasing ADP-induced platelet aggregation and higher prevalence of HRPR, which is mainly correlated to clopidogrel use.