bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population analysis ofLegionella pneumophilareveals the basis of resistance to complement-mediated killing
Authors: Wee Bryan A. , Alves Joana , Lindsay Diane S. J. , Cameron Ross L. , Pickering Amy , Gorzynski Jamie , Corander Jukka , Marttinen Pekka , Smith Andrew J. , Fitzgerald J. Ross 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLegionella pneumophilais the most common cause of the severe respiratory infection known as Legionnaires’ disease.L. pneumophilais typically a symbiont of free-living amoeba, and our understanding of the bacterial factors that determine human pathogenicity is limited. Here we carried out a population genomic study of 900L. pneumophilaisolates from human clinical and environmental samples to examine their genetic diversity, global distribution and the basis for human pathogenicity. We found that although some clones are more commonly associated with clinical infections, the capacity for human disease is representative of the breadth of species diversity. To investigate the bacterial genetic basis for human disease potential, we carried out a genome-wide association study that identified a single gene (lag-1), to be most strongly associated with clinical isolates. Molecular evolutionary analysis showed thatlag-1, which encodes anO-acetyltransferase responsible for lipopolysaccharide modification, has been distributed horizontally across all major phylogenetic clades ofL. pneumophilaby frequent recent recombination events. Functional analysis revealed a correlation between the presence of a functionallag-1gene and resistance to killing in human serum and bovine broncho-alveolar lavage. In addition,L. pneumophilastrains that expresslag-1escaped complement-mediated phagocytosis by neutrophils. Importantly, we discovered that the expression oflag-1confers the capacity to evade complement-mediated killing by inhibiting deposition of classical pathway molecules on the bacterial surface. In summary, our combined population and functional analyses identifiedL. pneumophilagenetic traits linked to human disease and revealed the molecular basis for resistance to complement-mediated killing, a previously elusive trait of direct relevance to human disease pathogenicity.SignificanceLegionella pneumophilais an environmental bacterium associated with a severe pneumonia known as Legionnaires’ disease. A small number ofL. pneumophilaclones are responsible for a large proportion of human infections suggesting they have enhanced pathogenicity. Here, we employed a large-scale population analysis to investigate the evolution of human pathogenicity and identified a single gene (lag-1) that was more frequently found in clinical isolates. Functional analysis revealed that thelag-1-encodedO-acetyltransferase, involved in modification of lipopolysaccharide, conferred resistance to the classical pathway of complement in human serum. These findings solve a long-standing mystery in the field regardingL. pneumophilaresistance to serum killing, revealing a novel mechanism by whichL. pneumophilamay avoid immune defences during infection.
A rule-based automated machine learning approach in the evaluation of recommender engine
Authors: Behera Rajat Kumar , Bala Pradip Kumar , Jain Rashmi 
Published: August 2020

PurposeAny business that opts to adopt a recommender engine (RE) for various potential benefits must choose from the candidate solutions, by matching to the task of interest and domain. The purpose of this paper is to choose RE that fits best from a set of candidate solutions using rule-based automated machine learning (ML) approach. The objective is to draw trustworthy conclusion, which results in brand building, and establishing a reliable relation with customers and undeniably to grow the business.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental quantitative research method was conducted in which the ML model was evaluated with diversified performance metrics and five RE algorithms by combining offline evaluation on historical and simulated movie data set, and the online evaluation on business-alike near-real-time data set to uncover the best-fitting RE.FindingsThe rule-based automated evaluation of RE has changed the testing landscape, with the removal of longer duration of manual testing and not being comprehensive. It leads to minimal manual effort with high-quality results and can possibly bring a new revolution in the testing practice to start a service line “Machine Learning Testing as a service” (MLTaaS) and the possibility of integrating with DevOps that can specifically help agile team to ship a fail-safe RE evaluation product targeting SaaS (software as a service) or cloud deployment.Research limitations/implicationsA small data set was considered for A/B phase study and was captured for ten movies from three theaters operating in a single location in India, and simulation phase study was captured for two movies from three theaters operating from the same location in India. The research was limited to Bollywood and Ollywood movies for A/B phase, and Ollywood movies for simulation phase.Practical implicationsThe best-fitting RE facilitates the business to make personalized recommendations, long-term customer loyalty forecasting, predicting the company's future performance, introducing customers to new products/services and shaping customer's future preferences and behaviors.Originality/valueThe proposed rule-based ML approach named “2-stage locking evaluation” is self-learned, automated by design and largely produces time-bound conclusive result and improved decision-making process. It is the first of a kind to examine the business domain and task of interest. In each stage of the evaluation, low-performer REs are excluded which leads to time-optimized and cost-optimized solution. Additionally, the combination of offline and online evaluation methods offer benefits, such as improved quality with self-learning algorithm, faster time to decision-making by significantly reducing manual efforts with end-to-end test coverage, cognitive aiding for early feedback and unattended evaluation and traceability by identifying the missing test metrics coverage.
Job insecurity fluctuations and support towards Italian precarious schoolteachers
Authors: Giunchi Marianna , Marques-Quinteiro Pedro , Ghislieri Chiara , Vonthron Anne-Marie 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe negative consequences of job insecurity on the well-being of individuals are well known. However, the perceptions of job insecurity over time and how some factors such as social support may affect them have received limited attention. This study follows precarious schoolteachers for three weeks before the end of their contract to explore how their perceptions of job insecurity evolve over time.Design/methodology/approachThe participants were 47 precarious schoolteachers who first completed a general questionnaire, then a diary survey on nine occasions over the course of the three weeks. Data was analysed with MPLUS 7.3.FindingsThe results suggest intra-individual differences regarding the way job insecurity was perceived over time. An additional discovery was that support provided by the school principal was negatively related to changes in job insecurity over time.Research limitations/implicationsThe relatively small sample size, which includes only precarious schoolteachers, and the methodology complexity of the diary are limitations of this study.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the subjective nature of the perceptions of job insecurity. It also shows the importance of the school principal's social support towards precarious schoolteachers; therefore, practitioners should propose interventions to enhance the quality of principal–teachers relationships.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by investigating how perceptions of job insecurity evolve over time and the role of social support.
The impact of cognitive and behavioral factors on the export performance: a dynamic capabilities perspective
Authors: Wójcik Piotr , Ciszewska-Mlinarič Mariola 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore how individual-level cognitive and organizational-level behavioral factors influence the level of firms’ export performance as firms adapt to the challenges of foreign expansion.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the literature on dynamic capabilities (DCs) and international business, the study introduces a multi-level model of DC to internationalize and test it empirically on a sample of 93 Polish exporting firms using structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results show a strong and positive impact of the “strategy as stretch” managerial mind-set on two behavioral elements, namely, business modeling and partnering capability. Global mind-set has a strong and positive impact on business modeling and learning about foreign markets and a negative but insignificant effect on partnering capability. Only two of the three behavioral elements of the conceptualized DC have significant and positive impacts on export performance. In contrast to the expectations, the direct path coefficient from learning about foreign markets to export performance was found to be positive but insignificant.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by offering a coherent, multi-level framework of DCs. The study goes beyond previous conceptualizations of DCs and considers various individual-level cognitive and organizational-level behavioral elements of DC for the internationalization of exporting firms. In particular, this study shows the interplay between them and their combined impact on export performance.
Multi-scale reliability-based design optimisation framework for fibre-reinforced composite laminates
Authors: Omairey Sadik Lafta , Dunning Peter Donald , Sriramula Srinivas 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to enable performing reliability-based design optimisation (RBDO) for a composite component while accounting for several multi-scale uncertainties using a large representative volume element (LRVE). This is achieved using an efficient finite element analysis (FEA)-based multi-scale reliability framework and sequential optimisation strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
An efficient FEA-based multi-scale reliability framework used in this study is extended and combined with a proposed sequential optimisation strategy to produce an efficient, flexible and accurate RBDO framework for fibre-reinforced composite laminate components. The proposed RBDO strategy is demonstrated by finding the optimum design solution for a composite component under the effect of multi-scale uncertainties while meeting a specific stiffness reliability requirement. Performing this using the double-loop approach is computationally expensive because of the number of uncertainties and function evaluations required to assess the reliability. Thus, a sequential optimisation concept is proposed, which starts by finding a deterministic optimum solution, then assesses the reliability and shifts the constraint limit to a safer region. This is repeated until the desired level of reliability is reached. This is followed by a final probabilistic optimisation to reduce the mass further and meet the desired level of stiffness reliability. In addition, the proposed framework uses several surrogate models to replace expensive FE function evaluations during optimisation and reliability analysis. The numerical example is also used to investigate the effect of using different sizes of LRVEs, compared with a single RVE. In future work, other problem-dependent surrogates such as Kriging will be used to allow predicting lower probability of failures with high accuracy.

Findings
The integration of the developed multi-scale reliability framework with the sequential RBDO optimisation strategy is proven computationally feasible, and it is shown that the use of LRVEs leads to less conservative designs compared with the use of single RVE, i.e. up to 3.5% weight reduction in the case of the 1 × 1 RVE optimised component. This is because the LRVE provides a representation of the spatial variability of uncertainties in a composite material while capturing a wider range of uncertainties at each iteration.

Originality/value
Fibre-reinforced composite laminate components designed using reliability and optimisation have been investigated before. Still, they have not previously been combined in a comprehensive multi-scale RBDO. Therefore, this study combines the probabilistic framework with an optimisation strategy to perform multi-scale RBDO and demonstrates its feasibility and efficiency for an fibre reinforced polymer component design.
Transformation of educational roles of library-supported mobile learning: a literature review from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Tu Yun-Fang , Hwang Gwo-Jen 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore the transformation of the roles of libraries, application trends and potential research issues of library-supported mobile learning.

Design/methodology/approach
The publications in the Scopus database from 2009 to 2018 are reviewed and analyzed from various aspects, such as the roles of libraries in mobile learning, types of libraries, research foci and sensing or location-based technologies.

Findings
The role of libraries as learning material providers is examined the most in library-supported mobile learning studies, followed by the role as inquiry context providers and as knowledge-sharing platforms. In terms of the role as learning material providers, academic libraries were investigated the most and radio frequency identification (RFID) was mainly adopted. In terms of the role as inquiry context providers, special libraries were explored the most; adopted sensing technologies were more diverse (e.g. QR code, augmented reality, RFID and Global Positioning System). Only special libraries played a role as knowledge-sharing platforms, adopting augmented reality. Most research on library-supported mobile learning mainly focused on investigating the affective domain during mobile learning.

Practical implications
Five potential applications of educational roles in library-supported mobile learning are suggested based on the findings of the present study.

Originality/value
The current study provides insights relevant to the educational roles of library-supported mobile learning. The findings and suggestions can serve as references for researchers and school teachers conducting library-supported mobile learning.
Study on the reliability assessment and early-warning method of online auditing based on the perspective of IT control
Authors: Chen Wei , Smieliauskas Wally , Liu Sifeng 
Published: August 2020

PurposeAn important issue in online auditing is how to improve the reliability of online auditing in order to reduce the overall audit risk. In this paper, a reliability assessment and early-warning method of online auditing based on RC (rank centroid), AHP (analytic hierarchy process) and GM (1,1) is proposed from the perspective of information technology (IT) audit risk control.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins by structuring the AHP hierarchy to the reliability assessment of online auditing used in China. Then, RC is used to rank the importance of the assessment criteria. Pairwise comparisons of criteria are made based on the rank results of RC, and this leads to a matrix of comparisons. Next, the comparison matrices are translated into weights, and the reliability assessment and early-warning model of online auditing is constructed using the GM (1,1) model. A case illustration is given to analyze the application of this method.FindingsResearch results show that the reliability of the evaluation method designed in this paper is rigorous and effective. The reliability assessment and early-warning method of online auditing based on RC/AHP/GM (1,1) can assess and give an effective early warning of reliability changes in an online auditing system, which can meet the needs of current online auditing projects.Practical implicationsThe results of this study have good potential for widespread future implementation of online auditing projects.Originality/valueAn effective reliability assessment and early-warning method of online auditing is proposed from the perspective of IT audit risk control in this study.
Comparative analysis of hospital environments in Australia and China using the space syntax approach
Authors: Geng Shiran , Chau Hing-Wah , Yan Se , Zhang Wenyu , Zhang Chunyang 
Published: August 2020

PurposeSpatial arrangement of hospital environments has been proven to have impacts on hospital users such as wayfinding, privacy and operational efficiency. Many studies examined the spatial quality of hospitals, but there is a lack of comparative research between Chinese and Australian hospitals. Hospitals in both countries have salient features that are worth to learn and can inform hospital stakeholders internationally on design decisions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the spatial quality of hospitals from both countries using space syntax approach and field observation.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses space syntax analysis and observation to provide qualitative and quantitative data. Illustrative case studies from both countries are selected for comparison. The main benchmarks involved in measuring the spatial qualities, such as step depth and visual connectivity, are analysed using Depthmap X before comparing with the results from observation.FindingsFor Chinese hospitals to be more human-centred, public space design and facility management need additional attention. Australian hospitals could learn from Hospital D on how to design highly centralised nursing stations that cope with a high patient flow. Global policy and decision-makers should consider the potential inconsistency between initial design intention and practical use.Originality/valuePractical implications were made based on the results for bettering hospital environments. It is hoped that the methodology presented in this research is of significance to the enhancement of global healthcare environment research.
Prisoners’ experiences of prison drug treatment – what matters?
Authors: Nylander Per-Åke , Holm Claes , Lindberg Odd 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This study aims to analyze prisoners’ experiences of prison drug-treatment programs in Sweden. How do they describe their personal relationships with the prison staff and with other prisoners in the wings? How do they describe the social climate and the control in drug-treatment wings? How could differences between these wings be understood?

Design/methodology/approach
The data consist of observations and face-to-face interviews with male and female prisoners in three Swedish prison drug-treatment wings. Analytical concepts used are roles, relationships and rituals.

Findings
The prisoners’ relationships with prison officers seemed connected to what kinds of rituals the prisoners and staff engaged in. In all three treatment wings, the staff and prisoners were involved in natural rituals. This was most frequent in the women’s prison with a 12-step program. The prisoners were frustrated with control measures but were mainly positive to the measures as preventing drugs from coming into the wing.

Research limitations/implications
Only three prison wings, however in varying prisons, have been studied.

Originality/value
These results gives a useful prisoners’ perspective on the development of drug-prevention and treatment in different kinds of prisons.
A unified work breakdown structure-based framework for building asset management
Authors: Al-Kasasbeh Maha , Abudayyeh Osama , Liu Hexu 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Asset inventory is an essential part of any building asset management system and is needed by such functions as condition assessment and deterioration prediction. Previous studies in asset management systems have suggested the use of one of the many standard construction classification systems, such as UniFormat or MasterFormat, in achieving the goals of asset management. However, each classification system has its unique features, and it has been developed for different purposes and may not necessarily be directly adaptable to asset management. A proper classification system is thus needed to achieve the goals of building asset management effectively. Such a system must take into consideration the objectives and functions of asset management. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to establish a unified work breakdown structure (WBS)-based framework for building asset inventory.

Design/methodology/approach
The WBS-based framework aims to cover the entire lifecycle of an asset so as to provide the unified classification system for asset inventory. The proposed framework is developed based on appropriate building standards. Also, comprehensive levels of details are included for space functions and locations for all assets in any type of building. Furthermore, this framework takes into consideration utilities in any kind of building project. As such, the WBS-based framework proposed in this research endeavor provides the basis for effective asset management. An educational building case study is presented and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for asset management.

Findings
The unified WBS-based framework for building asset management effectively classifies asset inventories and facilitates decision-making in asset management during the lifecycle of an asset.

Originality/value
This research synthesizes a unified WBS-based framework for building asset management, which allows for a more effective lifecycle building asset management.
The adoption of online e-waste collection platform to improve environmental sustainability: an empirical study of Chinese millennials
Authors: Ramzan Sidra , Liu ChenGuang , Xu Yan , Munir Hina , Gupta Bhumika 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe study aims to explore how young consumers perceive and adopt the online e-waste collection platform, by developing a conceptual framework that integrates the theory of planned behavior, the technology acceptance model and the perceived risk. Based on conceptual framework, the study further identifies factors that positively or negatively influence the Chinese millennials' decision on the use of online collection platform.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducts a questionnaire survey from 807 Chinese millennials living in urban and rural areas. Based on the collected data, the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is employed to conduct PLS path modeling and multi-group analysis.FindingsThe study results support the proposed conceptual framework and confirm its robustness in investigating Chinese millennials' intentions to adopt online e-waste collection platform. The findings suggest that the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have positive impact, while perceived risk has negative impact on the behavioral intentions of millennials on the adoption of the platform.Originality/valueWith the emergence of Internet technology, online e-waste collection platform has arisen as an innovative and alternative solution to improve environmental sustainability by encouraging e-waste collection through formal recycling channels in China. In order to divert the consumers from informal recycling channels to online e-waste collection platform, it is necessary to understand what factors impact the adoption of this platform among consumers. The study provides theoretical contribution and practical implications relevant to regulators and practitioners to encourage the adoption of online e-waste collection platform.