bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulador de Robótica Educativa para la promoción del Pensamiento Computacional
Authors: Ángel-Díaz Cristian Manuel , Segredo Eduardo , Arnay Rafael , León Coromoto 
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo presenta una herramienta Web libre y gratuita que facilita a cualquier centro educativo la enseñanza de conceptos básicos sobre robótica y programación y que, al mismo tiempo, permite desarrollar habilidades relacionadas con el pensamiento computacional: descomposición, abstracción, reconocimiento de patrones y pensamiento algorítmico. Dicha herramienta permite diseñar y personalizar un robot a través del uso de distintos tipos de sensores. Tras su creación, dicho robot se podrá poner a prueba en un entorno de simulación mediante distintos retos. En dicho entorno podremos definir el comportamiento del robot por medio de un lenguaje de programación visual basado en bloques. Dichos bloques permiten definir las acciones a llevar a cabo por el robot en función de la información recogida por los sensores con el objetivo de superar los desafíos propuestos.
This work presents a free software tool that facilitates the teaching of basic robotics and programming concepts at any educational institution. At the same time, it allows the development of computational thinking skills to be carried out: decomposition, abstraction, pattern recognition and algorithmic thinking. This tool allows the design and configuration of a robot through the specification of different types of sensors. After designing the robot, its behaviour can be simulated by means of different challenges proposed to the user. This behaviour is defined through a block-based visual programming language. Blocks allow actions that the robot has to perform based on the information gathered by the different sensors to be defined in order to pass a challenge.
Pattern of Capsule and Seed Development in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Seed Priming
Authors: Biswas Utpal , Das Rupa , Dutta Amitava 
Published: April 2020

Aim: To study the influence of seed priming on the pattern of capsule and seed development in sesame.
Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted during the pre kharif seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in sesame variety Savitri at AB Block farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
Methodology: Experiment was laid out in split plot design with 3 replications. Ten schedules of seed priming viz T1 (KNO3 @ 10 mM), T2 (KNO3 @ 20 mM), T3 (KNO3 @ 50 mM), T4 (KH2PO4 @ 50 mM), T5 (KH2PO4 @ 100 mM),T6 (KH2PO4 @ 200 mM), T7 [Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 @ -0.4 MPa], T8 [Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 @ -0.3 MPa], T9 [Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 @ -0.2 MPa], T10 Distilled water (Hydro priming) along with control T11 (Dry seed) were taken as main plot treatment and stage of harvest was considered as sub plot treatment. The pattern of capsule and seed development was studied at 10 days after anthesis (DAA), 20 days after anthesis (DAA), 30 days after anthesis (DAA), 40 days after anthesis (DAA) and 50 days after anthesis (DAA) interval. Ten plants from each replication and in each treatment were selected at random to record data on morphological and physiological characters.
Results: Fresh capsule length, fresh capsule breadth, fresh capsule weight, fresh seed weight and dry seed weight showed a steady increase up to 40 days after anthesis (DAA) then decreased slowly up to maturity.
Conclusion: Considering seed yield and quality parameters, T7 [Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 @ -0.4 MPa] and T9 [Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 @ -0.2 MPa] appears to be ideal among the treatments for quality seed production in sesame.
Measurement of Homocysteine Levels in Pregnant Women with and Without Preeclampsia
Authors: Noori Narjes , Najafian Aida , Saberi Samaneh , Ghasemi Marzieh 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Homocysteine is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, and elevated concentrations of homocysteine have been found in preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine homocysteine levels in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia.
Methods: This descriptive study conducted on pregnant women with preeclampsia (n = 39) and controls (n = 43) was evaluated by the convenience sampling and data were collected through a questionnaire and paraclinical findings. In the present study, 5cc blood samples were taken from the patients after 8 hours of fasting and sent to the laboratory to determine homocysteine and related metabolites levels. Statistical analyses were done using IBM-SPSS 25.0 and Chi-square test was used for data analysis.
Results: The moderate concentrations of homocysteine and uric acid were significantly higher than the control group in maternal plasma with preeclampsia (0.0001).
Conclusion: We found that the blood homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the preeclampsia group compared with the Controls group. Measuring uric acid and blood homocysteine levels in pregnancy may be helpful as diagnostic tests in the early detection of high risk individuals.
Trends in the Outpatient Prescribing of Clopidogrel
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: April 2020

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the trends in outpatient prescribing of clopidogrel in order to guide the physicians to appropriate clopidogrel prescribing practice in Alkharj.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study that was conducted in a public hospital in Alkharj city. The outpatient prescriptions were reviewed to evaluate the prescription patterns of clopidogrel in the period between 01-01- 2018 and 31-12-2018. The data were collected and analyzed using Excel software; the descriptive data were represented by frequencies and percentages.
Results: The majority of the patients who received clopidogrel were in the ages between 50 to 69. The majority of the prescribing physicians were residents followed by specialists. Cardiology (50.00%) followed by Internal Medicine (23.71%) were the departments that prescribed the majority of Clopidogrel.
Conclusion: Clopidogrel was used frequently and mainly alone without combination. It is prescribed primarily by resident prescribers who are usually with less experience than specialists and consultants. It is important to prescribe it appropriately and it is the responsibility of pharmacists to check for the appropriateness of its dispensing and to check for drug-drug interactions before dispensing it.
A familial t(4;8) translocation segregates with epilepsy and migraine with aura
Authors: Crippa Milena , Malatesta Paola , Bonati Maria Teresa , Trapasso Francesco , Fortunato Francesco , Annesi Grazia , Larizza Lidia , Labate Angelo , Finelli Palma , Perrotti Nicola , Gambardella Antonio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThree relatives carrying a t(4;8)(p15.2;p23.2) translocation had juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, self‐limited photosensitive occipital epilepsy and migraine with aura. The t(4;8) translocation interrupted the coding sequence of CSMD1 gene and occurred immediately to the 3’UTR of STIM2 gene. STIM2 was overexpressed in the patient carrying the unbalanced translocation, and all three individuals had a single functional copy of CSMD1. Array CGH study disclosed that these three individuals also carried a deletion at 5q12.3 that involves the RGS7BP gene. The overall results favor the view that CSMD1, STIM2, and RGS7BP genes could contribute to epilepsy and migraine phenotypes in our family.
Metal‐free Nucleophilic Alkoxylation of in Situ‐Generated Azaoxyallyl Cations: Synthesis of Hindered Dialkyl Ether Derivatives
Authors: Chae Son Eun , Kim Sung‐Gon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA metal and catalyst‐free, environmentally friendly synthesis of hindered dialkyl ether derivatives has been established via the nucleophilic alkoxylation of alcohols and α‐halohydroxamates. The reactions of a variety of primary and secondary alcohols with azaoxyallyl cations generated in situ from α‐halohydroxamates afforded a wide range of hindered dialkyl ether derivatives in good yields. Moreover, methods for the synthesis of α‐alkoxyhydroxamic acids, α‐alkoxy amides, and α‐hydroxy amides from α‐alkoxy hydroxamates were established.
Zwitter‐wettable acrylic polymeric coating on glasses for anti‐fog applications
Authors: Raula Manoj , Kar Sumit , Ansari Faisal , Das Sandip , Ghosh Swapan K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnti‐fog coatings have received significant attention because of their versatile applications to reduce light scattering during high humid conditions. Primarily, hydrophilic/superhydrophilic coatings are applied upon the transparent substrate to improve visibility at high humidity. The high solubility of the hydrophilic/superhydrophilic coatings in water is the main drawback for their long‐term operational durability. We will report for the first time the development of functional copolymers which produces water insoluble hydrophilic coating upon application on glass surfaces. Such surfaces are commonly known as “Zwitter‐Wettable” surfaces that have been developed from entirely polymeric substances using methacrylic and acrylic monomers. A series of random copolymers were synthesized using free radical polymerization of the common and commercially available monomers which were subsequently characterized using various analytical techniques, such as, GPC, 1H‐NMR, and FTIR. These newly designed copolymers contained both the hydrophobic parts made up of methyl and 2‐ethylhexyl groups, which provide good stability under high humid conditions and hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups which will provide the required hydrophilicity or water absorption capacity. These polymeric coatings on the glass surfaces exhibit water advancing contact angles in the range of 57 ± 3° to 78 ± 3° with excellent anti‐fog property. The anti‐fog property of the polymeric films could be tuned easily by changing the ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers.
Effects of counter cations on the water vapor sorption properties of alginic acid and alginates
Authors: Shimanuki Niina , Imai Miho , Nagai Kazukiyo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, the water vapor sorption of four types of alginate, namely, alginic acid (Alg), Na‐Alg, Ca‐Alg, and NH4‐Alg, were measured, and the effect of differences in counter cations on water vapor solubility and crystallization mechanism associated with the arrangement of hydrogen bonds generated during humidification was investigated. The sorption amounts in the high‐humidity region can be arranged as follows: Na‐Alg > NH4‐Alg > Ca‐Alg > Alg. All samples formed a (C)‐type double helix structure before and after the sorption based on the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The counter cation affects the arrangement of the hydrogen bonds in this structure. Only Ca‐Alg possessed a pseudocrosslinking among the (C)‐type double helix structures due to the divalent Ca2+ ions, which induced variations in the crystal arrangement behavior of the other three samples before and after sorption. Cases I–III show a case of how the orientation is aligned with a new hydrogen bond and classified for each sample.
Multi‐marker algorithms based on CXCL13, IL‐10, sIL‐2 receptor, and β2‐microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose CNS lymphoma
Authors: Maeyama Masahiro , Sasayama Takashi , Tanaka Kazuhiro , Nakamizo Satoshi , Tanaka Hirotomo , Nishihara Masamitsu , Fujita Yuichi , Sekiguchi Kenji , Kohta Masaaki , Mizukawa Katsu , Hirose Takanori , Itoh Tomoo , Kohmura Eiji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTumor biopsy is essential for the definitive diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. However, the biopsy procedure carries the risk of complications such as bleeding, convulsions, and infection. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β2‐microglobulin (β2‐MG), soluble IL‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R), and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) are known to be useful diagnostic biomarkers for CNS lymphoma. The C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) was recently reported to be another useful biomarker for CNS lymphoma. The purpose of this study is to establish a diagnostic algorithm that can avoid biopsy by combining these diagnostic biomarkers. In the first, we conducted a case‐control study (n = 248) demonstrating that the CSF CXCL13 concentration was significantly increased in CNS lymphoma patients compared with various other brain diseases (AUC = 0.981). We established a multi‐marker diagnostic model using CSF CXCL13, IL‐10, β2‐MG, and sIL‐2R from the results of the case‐control study and then applied the model to a prospective study (n = 104) to evaluate its utility. The multi‐marker diagnostic algorithms had excellent diagnostic performance: the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 97%, 97%, 94%, and 99%, respectively. In addition, CSF CXCL13 was a prognostic biomarker for CNS lymphoma patients. Our study suggests that multi‐marker algorithms are important diagnostic tools for patients with CNS lymphoma.
CircSMC3 regulates gastric cancer tumorigenesis by targeting miR‐4720‐3p/TJP1 axis
Authors: Xia Tianfang , Pan Zhenguo , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are identified to play an evident role in many human cancers, such as gastric cancer. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the circRNA‐induced pathogenesis in gastric cancers are still elusive. The present study is designed to unfold the mechanism by which circRNAs involve in gastric cancer progression. Using circRNAs microarray, we detected the dysregulated circRNAs and identified an upregulated circRNA, circSMC3 (hsa_circ_0000260), in gastric cancer tissues. Patients with high circSMC3 expression levels had a poor overall survival via Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis implied that gastric cancer. Functionally, loss of circSMC3 abolished the proliferation and motility of gastric cancer cells. Mechanically, circSMC3 decreased miR‐4720‐3p expression by acting as a miRNA sponge, and tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) 3′UTR was identified to be the target of miR‐4720‐3p, contributing to a circSMC3/miR‐4720‐3p/TJP1 axis. Thus, our results indicate that circSMC3 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and motility through miR‐4720‐3p/TJP1.
Substituent‐Biased CO2 Reduction on Copper Cathodes Modified with Spaced Organic Structures
Authors: Takeuchi Ryuji , Igarashi Ryota , Kubo Kazuyuki , Mizuta Tsutomu , Kume Shoko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCO2 reduction directed by organic moieties on Cu cathodes was studied by adopting a newly developed on‐surface modification method. Organic groups compatible with exposed Cu surface atoms were introduced by electrochemically activated Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Three different ethylnyl precursors, each containing 1,3,5‐phenyl, tertiary amine, and 2,5‐pyridyl moieties, were introduced onto a Cu cathode, by reacting with a three‐way azide precursor. The structural characterization of modified electrodes revealed that the modification yielded surfaces composed of exposed surface Cu atoms capable of cooperating with the introduced, barely soluble, organic polymer. The presence of an organic layer on the Cu resulted in improved CO2 reduction efficiency over H2 evolution. The methane/ethylene selectivity was dependent on the kind of moieties used. The proton supplier ability of the modified organic moiety turned out to be involved in the selectivity, as well as with surface copper rearrangement upon anodization. These findings demonstrate that the organic groups at cooperating sites on the surface Cu can offer a powerful tool for selective CO2 reduction.
Electrochemical Characterization and Bioelectrocatalytic H2O2 Sensing of Non‐Symbiotic Hexa‐Coordinated Sugar Beet Hemoglobins
Authors: Sosna Maciej , Leiva‐Eriksson Nélida , Bülow Leif , Ferapontova Elena E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe biological role of non‐symbiotic plant hemoglobins (Hbs) is not well understood. It may involve sensing and signaling of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species–a property that can be used in electrochemical sensing. Here, we electrochemically studied two novel non‐symbiotic Beta vulgaris Hbs: BvHb1.2 and BvHb2 expressed in E. coli. At pH 7, we observed close potentials of their Fe2+/3+ hemes, −349 mV for BvHb1.2 and −345/−457 mV vs. Ag/AgCl for the “open” penta‐/“closed” hexa‐coordinated states of BvHb2. BvHbs bound and bioelectrocatalytically reduced O2 and H2O2 at potentials significantly exceeding their Fe2+/3+ heme potentials. BvHb2, with the onset of H2O2 reduction at 370 mV, enabled O2‐interference‐free 10 μM H2O2 detection at 0 mV, with a 87 nA μM−1 cm−2 sensitivity comparable to some peroxidases. The results underpin broad electrochemical applications of BvHbs in the electroanalysis of reactive species and in electrochemical biotransformations.
Adding active particles for overall aggregation in a mixing tank: A computational study
Authors: Lim Jee Wen , Derksen Jos J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn order to achieve flocculation in a dense agitated solid‐liquid suspension of nonaggregating particles, we explore scenarios where we add a limited amount of aggregative (ie, active) particles that can bind the nonaggregative particles. The performance of this process hinges on the competition between mixing (spreading the active particles over the flow volume) and aggregation among the active particles, with the latter reducing their effectiveness. The research has been conducted in a computational manner: direct simulations of transitional flow in a mixing tank (at an impeller‐based Reynolds number of 4000) are two‐way coupled with the dynamics of a collection of spherical, equally sized particles that are given specific aggregative properties. The overall solids volume fraction is 10%. A small fraction of all solid particles (5.8%) is active. Aggregation is quantified by means of the average coordination number as well as the aggregate size distribution. The way the active particles are released in the tank volume has a significant effect on the overall levels of aggregation, specifically for active particles with a strong aggregative force.
Antitumour Anthracyclines: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Martins‐Teixeira Maristela B. , Carvalho Ivone 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnthracyclines are ranked among the most effective chemotherapeutics against cancer. They are glycoside drugs comprising the amino sugar daunosamine linked to a hydroxy anthraquinone aglycone, and act by DNA intercalation, oxidative stress generation and topoisomerase II poisoning. Regardless of their therapeutic value, multidrug resistance and severe cardiotoxicity are important limitations of anthracycline treatment that have prompted the discovery of novel analogues. This review covers the most clinically relevant anthracyclines and their development over decades, since the first discovered natural prototypes to recent semisynthetic and synthetic derivatives. These include registered drugs, drug candidates undergoing clinical trials, and compounds under pre‐clinical investigation. The impact of the structural modifications on antitumour activity, toxicity and resistance profile is addressed.
Influence of Additives on the Reversible Oxygen Reduction Reaction/Oxygen Evolution Reaction in the Mg2+‐Containing Ionic Liquid N‐Butyl‐N‐Methylpyrrolidinium Bis(Trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
Authors: Eckardt M. , Alwast D. , Schnaidt J. , Behm R. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe influence of different additives on the oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) in magnesium‐containing N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSI]) on a glassy carbon electrode was investigated to gain a better understanding of the electrochemical processes in Mg–air batteries. 18‐Crown‐6 was used as a complexing agent for Mg ions to hinder the passivation caused by their reaction with ORR products such as superoxide and peroxide anions. Furthermore, borane dimethylamine complex (NBH) was used as a potential water‐removing agent to inhibit electrode passivation by reacting with trace impurities of water. The electrochemical processes were characterized by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry to monitor the consumed and evolved O2 in the ORR/OER and determine the number of transferred electrons. Crown ether and NBH efficiently masked Mg2+. A stochiometric excess of crown ether resulted in reduced formation of a passivation layer, whereas at too high concentrations the reversibility of the ORR/OER was diminished.
V6O13−δ@C Nanoscrolls with Expanded Distances between Adjacent Shells as a High‐Performance Cathode for a Knittable Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Lin Yutong , Zhou Fangshuo , Xie Mingxue , Zhang Sen , Deng Chao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein, the defective vanadate oxide (V6O13‐δ)/C (denoted as DVOC) nanoscrolls with large distance between adjacent shells are constructed as a cathode material for ZIBs. By simultaneously enlarging the distance between adjacent shells and engineering the defective structure for oxide crystal, the DVOC nanoscrolls achieve fast kinetics, high reversibility and good energy storage capability. The formation process of DVOC nanoscrolls is investigated and a self‐assembling‐rolling sequential mechanism is disclosed. Moreover, the fiber‐shaped flexible ZIBs are fabricated based on the DVOC cathode. Their admirable volumetric energy density, good high rate capability and excellent cycling stability demonstrate the superiority of the unique structure. Therefore, this work not only introduces a new strategy to improve the properties of vanadium oxides but also provide a new strategy for the design of knittable power sources for flexible electronics.
Core‐Twisted Tetrachloroperylenediimides: Low‐Cost and Efficient Non‐Fullerene Organic Electron‐Transporting Materials for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Singh Anupriya , Chen Hung‐Cheng , Chen Yang‐Fang , Lu Yu‐Jung , Wong Ken‐Tsung , Chu Chih‐Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein, core‐twisted tetrachloroperylenediimides (ClPDIs) were introduced as new efficient electron‐transporting materials (ETMs) to replace the commonly used fullerene acceptor PC61BM in inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). ClPDI showed a low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of −3.95 eV, which was compatible with the conduction band of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx (−3.90 eV). In addition, the role of the length of the alkyl side chain at the imide position of ClPDI in modulating the molecular solubility, aggregation capacity for charge‐transport properties, surface hydrophobicity, and PSC performance was investigated. The device based on ClPDI‐C4 (ClPDI with n‐butyl side chains) as ETM achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.3 % under standard AM 1.5G illumination, which iwas very competitive with that of the reference device employing PC61BM/C60 (PCE=17.2 %) as ETM. Moreover, the devices with ClPDIs as ETMs exhibited better device stability than that with PC61BM/C60. This work highlights the great potential of ClPDI derivatives as low‐cost (≈2.0 USD g−1) and effective ETMs to obtain efficient solution‐processed inverted PSCs. This class of ClPDI derivatives is expected further promote the performance and stability of PSCs after extended investigation.