bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru melalui Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah dan Supervisi Pendidikan
Authors: Susmiyati Sri , Zurqoni Zurqoni 
Published: July 2020

The research based on the phenomenon that indicates Madrasah Tsanawiyah’s teachers in Samarinda has a good performance when their headmaster lead them effectively and supervision of functional agencies. The purpose of this research are: (a) to describe the quality of the leadership of headmasters of Madrasah Tsanawiyah, (b) to describe the quality of educational supervision of Madrasah Tsanawiyah, (c) to describe the quality of the teachers performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah, (d) to find out the influence of headmasters’ leadership on the teachers performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah partially, (e) to find out the influence of education supervision on the teachers performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah partially, and (f) to find out the influence of headmasters’ leadership and education supervision on the teachers performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Samarinda simultaneously. The entire study population Madrasah Tsanawiyah teachers of Samarinda amount 629 people, while the sample are 76 teachers applied multi - stage sampling technique. Determination of madrasah through purposive sampling technique, whereas the selection of respondents conducted through random sampling technique. Data collection used questionnaire techniques, while the data analysis techniques used Multiple Linier Regression Analysis. The result of this research concluded as follows. The headmasters’ leadership based teachers’ assessment are categorized as good (μ= 4,09), while the implementation of education supervision are in good category (μ = 3,92), and the teachers’ performance are in good category (μ = 4,01). Partial leadership has a strong influence on the teachers’ performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah (r= 0.73). The headmasters’ leadership contributed 54.6 % to the effect for improving the quality of teachers performance. Partial implementation of educational supervision has a strong influence on the teacher performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah (r = 0.72). Implementation of educational supervision contributed 53% to the effect for improving the quality of teacher performance. Headmasters’ leadership and implementation of educational supervision simultaneously have a strong influence on the teachers performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah (r = 0.74). Headmasters’ leadership and implementation of educational supervision contributied 56.1 % for improving the quality of teacher performance.
Protocol for a retrospective cohort study for evaluating the early antibiotics use in non-severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yin Xiaoxv , Liu Li , Xu Xing , Huang Lei , Jing Ping , Li Hui , Jiang Nan , Wang Jing , Lu Zuxun , Gong Yanhong , Xiong Nian , Li Changjun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The use of antibiotics is common in the treatment of COVID-19, but adequate evaluation is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic use in non-severe COVID-19 patients, particularly in patients admitted with low risk of bacterial infection. This is a multi-center retrospective cohort study. Patients are screened strictly according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria and are divided into two groups based on antibiotics exposure. The exposure is defined as the treatment of antibiotics prescribed within 48 hours after admission, with a course of treatment≥3 days; and patients in this group are classified as early antibiotic use group. Otherwise, patients are classified as the non early antibiotic use group. The primary end point of the study is progressing from non-severe type COVID-19 into severe type. This is the first protocol to put a focus on the transformation of the severity of the disease, based on a multi-center retrospective cohort design.
The fraction of Nitrous Oxide in oxygen for facilitating Lung collapse During One-Lung Ventilation with double lumen tube
Authors: liang chao , Lv Yuechang , Shi Yu , Cang Jing , Miao Changhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The ideal fraction of nitrous oxide (N2O) in oxygen (O2) for rapid lung collapse remains unclear. Accordingly, this prospective trial aimed to determine the 50% effective concentration (EC50) and 95% effective concentration (EC95) of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse. Methods: This study included 38 consecutive patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The lung collapse score (LCS) of each patient during one-lung ventilation was evaluated by the same surgeon. The first patient received 30% N2O in O2, and the subsequent N2O fraction in O2 was determined by the LCS of the previous patient using the Dixon up-and-down method. The testing interval was set at 10%, and the lowest concentration was 10% (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50%). The EC50 and EC95 of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse were analyzed using a probit test.Results: According to the up-and-down method, the N2O fraction in O2 at which all patients exhibited successful lung collapse was 50%. The EC50 and EC95 of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse were 27.7% (95% confidence interval 19.9%–35.7%) and 48.7% (95% confidence interval 39.0%–96.3%), respectively.Conclusions: In patients undergoing VATS, the EC50 and EC95 of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse were 27.7% and 48.7%, respectively.Trial registration: http://www.chictr.org/cn/ Identifier ChiCTR19 00021474, registered on 22 February 2019
Antibiotic-induced alterations and repopulation dynamics of yellowtail kingfish microbiota
Authors: Legrand Thibault Philippe Raymond Albert , Catalano Sarah R. , Wos-Oxley Melissa L. , Wynne James W. , Weyrich Laura S. , Oxley Andrew P.A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The use of antibiotics in aquaculture is a common infection treatment and is increasing in some sectors and jurisdictions. While antibiotic treatment can negatively shift gut bacterial communities, recovery and examination of these communities in fish of commercial importance is not well documented. Examining the impacts of antibiotics on farmed fish microbiota is fundamental for improving our understanding and management of healthy farmed fish. This work assessed yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi ) skin and gut bacterial communities after an oral antibiotic combination therapy in poor performing fish that displayed signs of enteritis over an 18-day period. In an attempt to promote improved bacterial re-establishment after antibiotic treatment, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was also administered via gavage or in the surrounding seawater, and its affect was evaluated over 15 days post-delivery. Results Antibiotic treatment greatly perturbed the global gut bacterial communities of poor-performing fish – an effect that lasted for up to 18 days post treatment. This perturbation was marked by a significant decrease in species diversity and evenness, as well as a concomitant increase in particular taxa like an uncultured Mycoplasmataceae sp., which persisted and dominated antibiotic-treated fish for the entire 18-day period. The skin-associated bacterial communities were also perturbed by the antibiotic treatment, notably within the first 3 days; however, this was unlike the gut, as skin microbiota appeared to shift towards a more ‘normal’ (though disparate) state after 5 days post antibiotic treatment. FMT was only able to modulate the impacts of antibiotics in some individuals for a short time period, as the magnitude of change varied substantially between individuals. Some fish maintained certain transplanted gut taxa (i.e. present in the FMT inoculum; namely various Aliivibrio related ASVs) at Day 2 post FMT, although these were lost by Day 8 post FMT. Conclusion As we observed notable, prolonged perturbations induced by antibiotics on the gut bacterial assemblages, further work is required to better understand the processes/dynamics of their re-establishment following antibiotic exposure. In this regard, procedures like FMT represent a novel approach for promoting improved microbial recovery, although their efficacy and the factors that support their success requires further investigation.
LGR5 expression is associated with prognosis in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ehara Takehito , Uehara Takeshi , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Kinugawa Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shota , Iwaya Mai , Ota Hiroyoshi , Soejima Yuji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is an important cancer stem cell marker in gastric cancer. However, no detailed studies are available on LGR5 expression in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (PD-AC). Therefore, we investigated the relationship between LGR5 expression and clinicopathological data in PD-AC.

Methods

LGR5 expression was identified in 41 PD-AC cases using RNAscope, which is a highly sensitive RNA in situ hybridization method. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection was also detected by EBV in situ hybridization.

Results

LGR5 expression was identified in 38 of 41 PD-AC cases, and 17 cases were identified as LGR5 high. The frequency of EBV positivity tended to be higher in the LGR5 -low group than in the LGR5 -high group (P=0.0764). Furthermore, the frequency of vascular invasion tended to be higher in the LGR5 -high group than in the LGR5 -low group (P=0.0764). The overall survival of PD-AC patients in the LGR5 -high group was significantly lower than in the LGR5 -low group (log-rank test, P=0.0108). The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the LGR5 -low group (HR=0.29; 95% CI: 0.11–0.74; P=0.01) showed independently better OS for PD-AC.

Conclusions

The correlation between high LGR5 expression and poor prognosis in PD-AC may be applicable to the development of LGR5 targeted therapy and prognostic markers. Further study is warranted.
Prevalence of Postural Hypotension in Primary, Community and Institutional Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: McDonagh Sinead TJ , Mejzner Natasha , Clark Christopher E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Postural hypotension (PH), the reduction in blood pressure when rising from sitting or lying to standing, is a risk factor for falls, cognitive decline and mortality. However, it is not often tested for in primary care despite these associated risks. PH prevalence varies according to definition, population, care setting and measurement method. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PH across different care settings and disease subgroups.Methods: A systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regression were undertaken. We searched Medline and Embase to October 2019 for studies based in primary, community or institutional care settings reporting PH prevalence. Data and study level demographics were extracted independently by two reviewers. Pooled estimates for mean prevalence of PH were compared between care settings and disease subgroups using random effects meta-analyses. Predictors of PH were explored using meta-regression. Quality assessment of included studies was undertaken using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Results: 1816 studies were identified; 61 contributed to analyses. Pooled prevalences for PH using the consensus definition were 17% (95% CI, 14-20%) in the community, 19% (15-25%) in primary care and 31% (15-50%) in residential care or nursing homes (P=0.16 between groups). By condition, prevalences were 20% (16-24%) with hypertension, 21% (16-26%) with diabetes, 25% (18-33%) with Parkinson’s disease and 29% (25-33%) with dementia, compared to 14% (12-17%) without these conditions (P<0.01 between groups). Multivariable meta-regression modelling identified increasing age and diabetes as predictors of PH (P<0.01, P=0.13, respectively; R2=36%). PH prevalence was not affected by blood pressure measurement device (P=0.65) or sitting or supine resting position (P=0.24), however, when the definition of PH did not fulfil the consensus description, but fell within its parameters, prevalence was underestimated (P=0.01) irrespective of study quality (P=0.04).Conclusions: The prevalence of PH in populations relevant to primary care is substantial. The definition used is important when testing for PH. Our findings emphasise the importance of considering checking for PH, particularly in vulnerable populations, to enable interventions to manage it. These data should contribute to future guidelines relevant to the detection and treatment of postural hypotension.PROSPERO: CRD42017075423.
Clinical Features and Efficacy of Antiviral Drug, Arbidol in 220 Nonemergency COVID‐19 Patients from East-West-Lake Shelter Hospital in Wuhan: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Gao Wei , Chen Si , Wang Kun , Chen Rongzhang , Guo Qian , Lu Jingjing , Wu Xiaodong , He Yanan , Yan Qiaoyun , Wang Shengyun , Wang Feilong , Jin Li , Hua Jing , Li Qiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to describe the features of 220 nonemergency (mild or common type) COVID-19 patients from a shelter hospital, as well as evaluate the efficiency of antiviral drug, Arbidol in their disease progressions.Methods: Basic clinical characteristics were described and the efficacy of Arbidol was evaluated based on gender, age, maximum body temperature of the patients.Results: Basically, males had a higher risk of fever and more onset symptoms than females. Arbidol could accelerate fever recovery and viral shedding in respiratory specimens, particularly in males. Arbidol also contributed to shorter hospital stay without obvious adverse reactions.Conclusions: In the retrospective COVID-19 cohort, gender was one of the important factors affecting patient's conditions. Arbidol showed several beneficial effects in these patients, especially in males. This study brought more researches enlightenment in understanding the emerging infectious disease.
Quantification of Spatial Structure Characteristics of Typical Natural Secondary Forest Gaps in Northeastern China
Authors: Bi Sifu , Tan Yifan , Wang Yao , Liu Meiwei , mao xuegang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To understand the theory of forest cycle and reveal the relationship between forest gaps and forest structure, species composition and biodiversity, we need to study the spatial structure of forest gaps. However, the complexity of natural secondary forest structure makes it difficult to quantify the spatial structure characteristics of gaps in large areas by field measurement. In this study, aerial orthophotos, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), were used as data sources. The experimental area was Maoer Mountain Forest Farm, a typical natural secondary forest in northeastern China, and we used the investigation data of forest resources as reference material. We extracted 1343 forest gaps by manual digitization combined with canopy height model correction. The spatial characteristics of the extracted gaps were quantified from the spatial characteristics (area, shape complexity index), spatial heterogeneity (gap height diversity index) and spatial distribution characteristics (Clark–Evans index) of individual gaps.Results: In the three types of natural secondary forest, the frequency distribution of gap area showed a negative exponential distribution: 90% of the gap area was less than 100 m2. As forests aged, the proportion of gap area decreased from young forest to near-mature forest, and increased from near-mature forest to over-mature forest. The maximum frequency range of shape index changed from 1.2 to 1.4 for young forest, middle age forest and near-mature forest; and which is from 1.4 to 1.6 for mature forest and over-mature forest. The gap height diversity index increased from young forest to near-mature forest, decreased when the forest was mature and increased when it was over-mature. The spatial pattern of forest gaps was mainly random. The proportion of random distribution increased from young forest to middle-aged forest, decreased from near-mature forest to mature forest and increased from over-mature forest.Conclusions: Most of the gaps in the natural secondary forest were small and medium-sized; the shapes were complex; the internal spatial heterogeneity was high; and the gaps were mostly randomly distributed. Use of aerial orthophoto and canopy height model sets was efficient and reliable in quantifying the spatial characteristics of forest gaps, and can replace the time-consuming (and usually field-based) measurement of their subjective spatial characteristics.
Biological Performance of a Bioabsorbable Magnesium–magnesium Phosphate Cement Interbody Fusion Cage in a Porcine Lumbar Interbody Fusion Model: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Wang Xuxuan , Zhang Yabin , Liu Yihao , Li Xiucan , Mao Keya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) is a novel biodegradable bone adhesive. The major drawback of the Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) cage for implantation is its high brittleness. The magnesium was presumed to compensate for the lack of toughness in the MPC cage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a bioabsorbable cage consisting of magnesium and magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) in a porcine lumbar interbody fusion model.
Methods

Twelve male Ba-Ma mini pigs underwent lumbar discectomy and fusion with an Mg−MPC cage or a PEEK cage at the L3/L4 and L4/L5 level. Computed tomography (CT) scans were made to evaluate the distractive property by comparing average disc space height (DSH) before and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after the operation. After the lumbar spines were harvested at 6 or 24 weeks after the operation, micro-CT examination was conducted to analyze the fusion rate, and stiffness of motion segments was investigated through mechanical tests. A histological study was performed to evaluate the tissue type in the intervertebral space.
Results

CT scans showed no significant difference between the two groups in average DSH at each time point. Micro-CT scans revealed an equal fusion rate in both groups (0% at 6 weeks, 83.3% at 24 weeks). Both groups showed time-dependent increases in stability, the Mg−MPC cages achieved an inferior stiffness at 6 weeks and a comparable stiffness at 24 weeks. Histologic evaluation showed the presence of newly formed bone in both groups. However, empty spaces were observed at the interface or around the Mg−MPC cages.
Conclusion

Compared with the PEEK cages, the Mg−MPC cages achieved comparable distraction, fusion rate, and spinal stability at 24 weeks after the operation. However, due to inferior stiffness at the early stage and fast degradation, further modification of material composition and design are necessary.
Time in Therapeutic Range, Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction of Patients on Long-Term Warfarin for Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ng Diana-Leh-Ching , Malik Natasya Marliana Bt Abdul , Chai Chee-Shee , Goh Greta-Miranda-Kim-Choo , Tan Seng-Beng , Bee Ping-Chong , Gan Gin-Gin , Said Asri B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:The use of warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) can be challenging. In this study, we evaluate the time in therapeutic range (TTR), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and treatment satisfaction of patients on long-term warfarin for NVAF. The HRQoL and treatment satisfaction were compared based on the TTR.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients on warfarin for NVAF who attended the anticoagulant clinic of a tertiary cardiology referral center in Sarawak from 1st June 2018 to 31st May 2019. Patients’ TTR was calculated by using Rosendaal technique, while their HRQoL and treatment satisfaction were assessed by using Short Form 12 Health Survey version 2 (SF12v2) and Duke Anticoagulant Satisfaction Scale (DASS), respectively. Results: A total of 300 patients were included, with mean TTR score of 47.0 ± 17.3%. The physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) score of SF-12v2 were 47.0 ± 9.0 and 53.5 ± 9.6, respectively. The total score for DASS was 55.2 ± 21.3, while the score for limitations (L), hassles and burdens (H&B) and positive psychological impacts (PPI) were 18.0 ± 10.0, 15.6 ± 9.1 and 21.6 ± 5.9, respectively. Seventy-three (24.3%) patients had good TTR (≥ 60%), with mean of 70.2 ± 8.7%; while 227 (75.5%) patients with poor TTR had significantly lower mean of 39.5 ± 11.9% (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference in the score of PCS (p = 0.150), MCS (p = 0.919) and each domain of SF-12v2 (p = 0.184 – 0.684) between good and poor TTR, except for social functioning (p = 0.019). The total DASS score was also not significantly different between group (p = 0.779). Similar non-significant difference was also reported in all the DASS sub dimensions (p = 0.502 – 0.699).Conclusions:Majority of the patients on long-term warfarin for NVAF in the current study have poor TTR. Their HRQoL and treatment satisfaction are independent of their TTR. Achieving a good TTR do not compromise the HRQoL and treatment satisfaction. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to optimise INR control, failing which direct oral anticoagulant therapy should be considered.
Tocilizumab in Covid-19 Interstitial Pneumonia: A Phase II Pilot Study
Authors: Pomponio Giovanni , Ferrarini Alessia , Bonifazi Martina , Moretti Marco , Salvi Aldo , Giacometti Andrea , Tavio Marcello , Titolo Giancarlo , Morbidoni Laura , Frausini Gabriele , Onesta Maicol , Amico Donatella , Rocchi Marco , Menzo Stefano , Zuccatosta Lina , Mei Federico , Menditto Vincenzo , Svegliati Silvia , Donati Abele , D'Errico Marcello Mario , Pavani Marianna , Gabrielli Armando 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Multiple studies have been conducted to investigate Tocilizumab in patients with cOVID-19 pneumonitis. However, published reports show conflicting results, largely due to weak retrospective designs and heterogeneity in critical methodological issues.Methods: This open-label trial was structured according to the Simon’s optimal two-stage design in order to clarify which patients could really benefit from anti-IL6 strategies and how a future randomized trial should be designed to provide reliable and unequivocal results. 46 patients received a single infusion of Tocilizumab. Inclusion criteria were: SARS-CoV2 infection diagnosed by rt-PCR, multifocal interstitial pneumonia, need of oxygen therapy (FiO2 50%) to maintain SO2 >93%, recent (within the last 24 hours) worsening of lung function. Clinical outcomes were established a priori to assess whether a patient responded to treatment. A low number of carefully chosen clinical and biological markers was measured in order to test their predictive values. Primary end point was early and sustained clinical response. Results: Twenty-one (46%) patients fulfilled pre-defined response criteria. Lower levels of IL-6 at 24 hours after tocilizumab infusion (p=0.049) and higher baseline values of PaO2/FiO2 (p=0.008) predicted a favorable clinical response. Patients not improving at 72 hours were also non-responder at day 7. 11/25 of non-responder patients were intubated and 7 died. High levels of vWF were detected in all sera, with a tendency towards higher concentrations in the non-responder group. Conclusions: Objective clinical response rate overcame the pre-defined threshold of 30%. Efficacy of tocilizumab to improve respiratory function in selected patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis warrants investigations in randomized trials. Trial registration: NCT 04315480