bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science policy implementation: strategic versus technical human resource management
Authors: Boardman Craig , Ponomariov Branco , Shen H L 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScience commercialization in the context of USA research universities suggests that strategic human resources management (SHRM) theory practices should be considered cautiously. The primary reason being that the organizational and human resources strategies of many USA research universities has increasingly diverged; the secondary reason being that this will not be changing anytime soon. Using qualitative and quantitative information from a purposive sample of twenty-one university–industry research centers established by the US National Science Foundation, we present evidence that what the SHRM literature refers to as ‘technical’ human resource management (HRM) practice is perhaps more important to organizational performance than what the SHRM literature refers to as ‘strategic’ HRM practice. Relatedly, the cases suggest that university research center managers should consider leadership styles and network management approaches and established human resource (HR) practices, which may produce the results the plethora of strategic research commercialization initiatives at universities strive to achieve.
Meta-Analysis of Perioperative Stroke and Mortality in CABG Patients With Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Roy Priya , Brahme Indraneel , Reddy Rajiv P. , Wechsler Lawrence , Gleason Thomas , Thirumala Parthasarathy D. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a proven approach in the treatment of coronary heart disease, but the surgery has several complications, including stroke and death. Though it has been established that perioperative stroke is associated with higher rates of long-term mortality, the relationship between stroke and mortality in the perioperative period has not yet been systematically examined.

Methods:
Online databases of peer-reviewed literature were searched to retrieve articles concerning mortality and stroke after CABG in patients with carotid stenosis. Six studies (n=3786) were included for analysis. This study was conducted at a single University hospital system, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, on patients who underwent CABG. The data obtained from peer-reviewed literature originated from several sources, primarily single institution hospitals.

Results:
Consistent with current literature, the incidence of stroke in CABG patients with significant carotid stenosis was 2.1%. Data were further analyzed to generate a summary odds ratio of stroke-related mortality after CABG, which showed that patients who died within 30 days of CABG were 7.3 times more likely to have had a perioperative stroke (95% confidence interval, 4.1-13.2). The 30-day mortality rate among perioperative stroke victims was 14.4% versus 2.3% for nonstroke patients.

Conclusions:
Together, these data suggest an association between stroke and mortality in the perioperative period in patients undergoing CABG, demonstrating a need for improved monitoring, screening, and treatment of stroke before, during, and shortly after surgery.
Association Between Long-term Functional Outcome and Change in hs-CRP Level in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Sujin , Song In-Uk , Na Seung-Hee , Jeong Du-Shin , Chung Sung-Woo 
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been suggested as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. However, the predictive value of hs-CRP for long-term outcomes is poorly defined. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate whether change in hs-CRP level plays a role in the prognostic value of long-term functional disability.

Methods:
We studied 263 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 104 healthy controls (67.5±11.26 and 68.17±11.21 y, respectively). hs-CRP was measured on admission and on the seventh day of hospitalization. The patients were classified into 2 groups on the basis of difference in hs-CRP level from admission to the seventh day of hospitalization (group 1, hs-CRP on admission>the seventh hospital day; group 2, hs-CRP on admission<the seventh hospital day). The correlation between change in hs-CRP level and functional disability using the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after stroke onset was analyzed.

Results:
We observed significant differences between initial hs-CRP level in all patients (0.96±2.82 mg/dL) and healthy controls (0.34±0.71 mg/dL, P=0.029). Significant differences in mRS at the 4 different timepoints was not observed between 2 groups (P=0.453, 0.225, 0.229, and 0.396, respectively). The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients showed that change in hs-CRP level increasingly differed over time and was statistically correlated with mRS (coefficient/P: at 1 mo, 0.139/0.024; at 3 mo, 0.149/0.015; at 6 mo, 0.147/<0.001; and at 12 mo, 0.134/0.03). However, the results were very low correlation coefficients, despite their statistical significance.

Conclusion:
This study did not clearly show an association between increase in hs-CRP level over time and long-term functional disability.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Mental Health-Related Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Abrams Anna H. , Badolato Gia M. , Boyle Meleah D. , McCarter Robert , Goyal Monika K. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives
To test the hypotheses that (1) rates of mental health-related concerns presenting to pediatric emergency departments (ED) have increased (2) rates are increasing more in minority than nonminority youth.

Methods
We performed a 5-year retrospective cohort study of youth with mental health-related ED visits using the Pediatric Health Information System. We calculated rates of mental health-related visits, in aggregate and by race/ethnicity. The Poisson model was used to generate incidence rate ratios of unique mental health-related visits each year using census data as the population denominator.

Results
There were 242,036 mental health-related visits that met the inclusion criteria, representing 160,656 unique patients. Approximately 7% of unique patients had 3 or more mental health-related visits, differing by race/ethnicity (8.75% non-Hispanic [NH]-Black vs 7.01% NH-White; adjusted odds ratio 1.14 [1.03, 1.26]). Overall, there were 42.8 mental health-related ED visits per 100,000 US children. The NH-Black children had higher rates of visits per 100,000 children compared with NH-Whites (66.1 vs 41.5; adjusted relative risk, 1.54 [1.50–1.59]). Mental health-related visits increased from 2012 to 2016 (33.31 [32.92–33.70] to 49.94 [49.46–50.41]). Every racial/ethnic group experienced an increase in rate of presentation over the study period; Hispanics experienced a significantly larger increase compared with NH-White children (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Mental health-related ED visits among children are increasing overall, disproportionally affecting minority children. The NH-Black children have the highest visit rates, and rates among Hispanics are increasing at a significantly higher rate when compared with NH-Whites. These results indicate need for increased capacity of EDs to manage mental health-related complaints, especially among minority populations.
Is climate a curse or a bless in the Covid-19 virus fighting?
Authors: Damette Olivier , Mathonnat Clement , Goutte Stephane 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTFaced with the global pandemic of Covid-19, we need to better understand the links between meteorological factors and the virus and investigate the existence of potential seasonal patterns. In the vein of a recent empirical literature, we reassess the impact of weather factors on Covid-19 daily cases in a panel of advanced and emerging countries between January the first and 28th May 2020. We consider 5 different meteorological factors and go further previous studies. In addition, we give a short-run and medium/long-run time perspective of the dramatic outcomes of the pandemic by both considering infected people (short-run) and fatalities (long-run). Our results reveal that the choice of delays and time perspective of the effects of climatic factors on the virus are crucial as well as Covid-19 outcomes can explain the discrepancies in the previous literature. For the first time, we use a dynamic panel model and consider two different kinds of channels between climate and Covid-19 virus: 1) direct/physical factors related to the survivals and durability dynamics of the virus in surfaces and outdoors and 2) an indirect factor through human behaviors and individual mobility – walking or driving outdoors – to capture the impact of climate on social distancing and thus on Covid-19 outcomes. Our model is estimated via two different estimators and persistence, delays in patterns, nonlinearities and numerous specifications changes are taken into account with many robustness checks. Our work highlights that temperatures and, more interestingly, solar radiation – that has been clearly undervalued in previous studies – are significant climatic drivers on Covid-19 outbreak. Indirect effects through human behaviors i.e interrelationships between climatic variables and people mobility are significantly positive and should be considered to correctly assess the effects of climatic factors. Since climate is per se purely exogenous, climate tend to strengthen the effect of mobility on virus spread. The net effect from climate on Covid-19 outbreak will thus result from the direct negative effect of climatic variables and from the indirect effect due to the interaction between mobility and them. Direct negative effects from climatic factors on Covid-19 outcomes – when they are significant – are partly compensated by positive indirect effects through human mobility. Suitable control policies should be implemented to control the mobility and social distancing.
Biophysical Characterization of A Novel SCN5A Mutation Associated with an Atypical Phenotype of Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Death
Authors: Ghovanloo Mohammad-Reza , Atallah Joseph , Escudero Carolina A. , Ruben Peter C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected death that occurs within an hour of the onset of symptoms. Hereditary primary electrical disorders account for up to 1/3 of all SCD cases in younger individuals and include conditions such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). These disorders are caused by mutations in the genes encoding cardiac ion channels, hence they are known as cardiac channelopathies. We identified a novel variant, T1857I, in the C-terminus of Nav1.5 (SCN5A) linked to a family with a CPVT-like phenotype characterized by atrial tachy-arrhythmias and polymorphic ventricular ectopy occurring at rest and with adrenergic stimulation, and a strong family history of SCD.ObjectiveOur goal was to functionally characterize the novel Nav1.5 variant and determine a possible link between channel gating and clinical phenotype.MethodsWe first used electrocardiogram recordings to visualize the patient cardiac electrical properties. Then, we performed voltage-clamp of transiently transfected CHO cells. Lastly, we used the ventricular/atrial models to visualize gating defects on cardiac excitability.ResultsVoltage-dependences of both activation and inactivation were right-shifted, the overlap between activation and inactivation predicted increased window currents, the recovery from fast inactivation was slowed, there was no significant difference in late currents, and there was no difference in use-dependent inactivation. The O’Hara-Rudy model suggests ventricular afterdepolarizations and atrial Grandi-based model suggests a slight prolongation of atrial action potential duration.ConclusionWe conclude that T1857I likely causes a net gain-of-function in Nav1.5 gating, which may in turn lead to ventricular afterdepolarization, predisposing carriers to tachy-arrhythmias.
Regression Models for Predictions of COVID-19 New Cases and New Deaths Based on May/June Data in Ethiopia
Authors: Argawu Alemayehu Siffir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs the 15 of June 2020, we have 7,984,067 total COVID-19 cases, globally and 435,181 total deaths. Ethiopia was ranked 2ndand 15thin the table by 176 new cases and by 3,521 total new cases from African countries. Then, this study aimed to predict COVID-19 new cases and new deaths based on May/June data in Ethiopia using regression model. In this study, I used Pearson’s correlation analysis and the linear regression model to predict COVID-19 new cases and new deaths based on the available data from 12thMay to 10thJune 2020 in Ethiopia. There was a significant positive correlation between COVID-19 new cases and new deaths with different related variables. In the regression models, the simple linear regression model was a better fit the data of COVID-19 new cases and new deaths than as compared with quadratic and cubic regression models. In the multiple linear regression model, variables such as the number of days, the number of new laboratory tests, and the number of new cases from AA city significantly predicted the COVID-19 new cases. In this model, the number of days and new recoveries significantly predicted new deaths of COVID-19. The number of days, daily laboratory tests, and new cases from Addis Ababa city significantly predicted new COVID-19 cases, and the number of days and new recoveries significantly predicted new deaths from COVID-19. According to this analysis, if strong preventions and action are not taken in the country, the predicted values of COVID-19 new cases and new deaths will be 590 and 12 after two months (after 9thof August) from now, respectively. The researcher recommended that the Ethiopia government, Ministry of Health and Addis Ababa city administrative should give more awareness and protections for societies, and they should also open more COVID-19 laboratory testing centers. Generally, the obtained results of this study may help Ethiopian decision-makers put short-term future plans to face this epidemic.
Lack of evidence for association of UQCRC1 with Parkinson’s disease in Europeans
Authors: Senkevich Konstantin , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Gan-Or Ziv , Krohn Lynne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, a novel variant p.Y314S in UQCRC1 has been implicated as pathogenic in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the current study, we aimed to examine the association of UQCRC1 with PD in large cohorts of European origin. We examined common and rare genetic variation in UQCRC1 using genome-wide association study data from the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), including 14,671 cases and 17,667 controls, and whole-genome sequencing data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership - Parkinson’s disease initiative (AMP-PD), including 1,647 PD patients and 1,050 controls. No common variants were consistently associated with PD, and a variety of burden analyses did not reveal an association between rare variants in UQCRC1 and PD. Therefore, our results do not support a major role for UQCRC1 in PD in the European population, and additional studies in other populations are warranted.
COVID-19 Preprints and Their Publishing Rate: An Improved Method
Authors: Lachapelle Francois 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextAs the COVID-19 pandemic persists around the world, the scientific community continues to produce and circulate knowledge on the deadly disease at an unprecedented rate. During the early stage of the pandemic, preprints represented nearly 40% of all English-language COVID-19 scientific corpus (6, 000+ preprints | 16, 000+ articles). As of mid-August 2020, that proportion dropped to around 28% (13, 000+ preprints | 49, 000+ articles). Nevertheless, preprint servers remain a key engine in the efficient dissemination of scientific work on this infectious disease. But, giving the ‘uncertified’ nature of the scientific manuscripts curated on preprint repositories, their integration to the global ecosystem of scientific communication is not without creating serious tensions. This is especially the case for biomedical knowledge since the dissemination of bad science can have widespread societal consequences.ScopeIn this paper, I propose a robust method that will allow the repeated monitoring and measuring of COVID-19 preprint’s publication rate. I also introduce a new API called Upload-or-Perish. It is a micro-API service that enables a client to query a specific preprint manuscript’s publication status and associated meta-data using a unique ID. This tool is in active development.DataI use Covid-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) to calculate COVID-19 preprint corpus’ conversion rate to peer-reviewed articles. CORD-19 dataset includes preprints from arXiv, bioRxiv, and medRxiv.MethodsI utilize conditional fuzzy logic on article titles to determine if a preprint has a published counterpart version in the database. My approach is an important departure from previous studies that rely exclusively on bioRxiv API to ascertain preprints’ publication status. This is problematic since the level of false positives in bioRxiv metadata could be as high as 37%.FindingsMy analysis reveals that around 15% of COVID-19 preprint manuscripts in CORD-19 dataset that were uploaded on from arXiv, bioRxiv, and medRxiv between January and early August 2020 were published in a peer-reviewed venue. When compared to the most recent measure available, this represents a two-fold increase in a period of two months. My discussion review and theorize on the potential explanations for COVID-19 preprints’ low conversion rate.
CASCADES, a novelSOX2super-enhancer associated long noncoding RNA, regulates cancer stem cell specification and differentiation in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Shahzad Uswa , Li Christopher , Johnston Michael , Wang Jenny J. , Sabha Nesrin , Varn Frederick S. , Riemenschneider Alexandra , Krumholtz Stacey , Meda Pranathi , Smith Christian A. , Karamchandani Jason , Watts Jonathan K. , Verhaak Roel G.W. , Gallo Marco , Rutka James T. , Das Sunit 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of just over one year. The failure of available treatments to achieve remission in patients with GBM has been attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are thought to play a central role in tumor development and progression and serve as a treatment-resistant cell repository capable of driving tumor recurrence; in fact, the property of “stemness” itself may be responsible for treatment resistance. In this study, we identify a novel lncRNA, Cancer stem cell associated distal enhancer ofSOX2(CASCADES) that functions as an epigenetic regulator in glioma CSCs (GSCs).CASCADESis expressed in IDH-wild type GBM and significantly enriched in GSCs. Knockdown ofCASCADESin GSCs results in differentiation towards a neuronal lineage in a cell- and cancer-specific manner. Bioinformatics analysis reveals thatCASCADESfunctions as a super-enhancer associated lncRNA epigenetic regulator ofSOX2. Our findings identifyCASCADESas a critical regulator of stemness in GSCs and represent a novel epigenetic and therapeutic target for disrupting the cancer stem cell compartment in GBM.
TSC-Insensitive Rheb Mutations Induce Oncogenic Transformation Through a Combination of Hyperactive mTORC1 Signalling and Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Xie Jianling , De Poi Stuart P. , Humphrey Sean J. , Hein Leanne K. , Bruning John , Pan Wenru , Sargeant Timothy J. , Proud Christopher G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an important regulator of cellular metabolism that is commonly hyperactivated in cancer. Recent cancer genome screens have identified multiple mutations in Ras-homolog enriched in brain (Rheb), the primary activator of mTORC1, that might act as driver oncogenes by causing hyperactivation of mTORC1. Here, we show that a number of recurrently occurring Rheb mutants drive hyperactive mTORC1 signalling through differing levels of insensitivity to the primary inactivator of Rheb, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.We show that two activated mutants, Rheb-T23M and E40K, strongly drive increased cell growth, proliferation and anchorage-independent growth resulting in enhanced tumour growthin vivo. Proteomic analysis of cells expressing the mutations revealed, surprisingly, that these two mutants promote distinct oncogenic pathways with Rheb-T23M driving metabolic reprogramming and an increased rate of glycolysis, while Rheb-E40K regulates the translation factor eEF2 and autophagy, likely through a differential interaction with AMPK.Our findings suggest that unique ‘bespoke’ combination therapies may be utilised to treat cancers according to which Rheb mutant they harbour.
Myosin 7b is a regulatory long noncoding RNA (lncMYH7b) in the human heart
Authors: Broadwell Lindsey J. , Smallegan Michael J. , Rigby Kevin M. , Navarro-Arriola Jose S. , Montgomery Rusty L. , Rinn John L. , Leinwand Leslie A. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTMyosin heavy chain 7b (MYH7b) is an ancient member of the myosin heavy chain motor protein family that is expressed in striated muscles. In mammalian cardiac muscle, MYH7b RNA is expressed along with two other myosin heavy chains, β-myosin heavy chain (β-MyHC) and α-myosin heavy chain (a-MyHC). However, unlike β-MyHC and α-MyHC which are maintained in a careful balance at the protein level, the MYH7b locus does not produce protein in the heart due to a post-transcriptional exon-skipping mechanism that occurs in a tissue specific manner. Whether this locus has a role in the heart beyond producing its intronic microRNA, miR-499, was unclear. Using cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as a model system, we have found that the non-coding exon skipped RNA (lncMYH7b) affects the transcriptional landscape of the human heart, independent of miR-499. Specifically, lncMYH7b regulates the ratio of β-MyHC to α-MyHC, which is crucial for heart function. This regulation is likely achieved through control of members of the TEA domain transcription factor family (TEAD1 and TEAD3). Therefore, we conclude that this ancient gene has been repurposed by alternative splicing to produce a regulatory long-noncoding RNA in the human heart that affects the myosin composition of the heart.
TWIST1 and chromatin regulatory proteins interact to guide neural crest cell differentiation
Authors: Fan Xiaochen , Masamsetti V. Pragathi , Sun Jane Q. J. , Engholm-Keller Kasper , Osteil Pierre , Studdert Joshua , Graham Mark E. , Fossat Nicolas , Tam Patrick P.L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProtein interaction is critical molecular regulatory activity underlining cellular functions and precise cell fate choices. Using TWIST1 BioID-proximity-labelling and network propagation analyses, we discovered and characterized a TWIST-chromatin regulatory module (TWIST1-CRM) in the neural crest cell (NCC). Combinatorial perturbation of core members of TWIST1-CRM: TWIST1, CHD7, CHD8, and WHSC1 in cell models and mouse embryos revealed that loss of the function of the regulatory module resulted in abnormal specification of NCCs and compromised craniofacial tissue patterning. Our results showed that in the course of cranial neural crest differentiation, phasic activity of TWIST1 and the interacting chromatin regulators promote the choice of NCC fate while suppressing neural stem cell fates, and subsequently enhance ectomesenchyme potential and cell motility. We have revealed the connections between TWIST1 and potential neurocristopathy factors which are functionally interdependent in NCC specification. Moreover, the NCC module participate in the genetic circuit delineating dorsal-ventral patterning of neural progenitors in the neuroepithelium.