bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Head‐Addition Incidence of Methyl Acrylate and Temperature Dependence in Radical Polymerization by Coupling Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer Block Polymerization Derivatization and Gradient Polymer Elution Chromatography
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Xue Yang , Zhang Shixian , Zhang Jianhua , Guo Ruiwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRegioselective addition of nonsymmetrical monomers in radical polymerization is a basic issue for control of the reaction kinetics and structure of the resulting products. In reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, head addition generates primary alkyl adducts when trapped by RAFT agents. Due to the low leaving ability of primary alkyl radicals, this kind of adduct in RAFT polymerization will become nonactive macro‐RAFT agents, that is, dead dormant species (DDS). Based on the previously‐developed equation for the correlation of DDS content (α) with head‐addition incidence (ρ1) in RAFT polymerization and the quantitative determination method of DDS content by coupling a block‐polymerization derivatization with gradient polymer elution chromatography analysis, the ρ1 values of methyl acrylate (MA) at different temperatures are determined with benzyl N‐carbazolecarbodithioate (BCBD) as RAFT agent and 2‐methyloxyethyl acrylate as the second monomer for block‐polymerization derivatization. The results show that the ρ1 values of MA at 60, 70, 80, and 90 °C are 2.04 × 10−3, 2.37 × 10−3, 2.72 × 10−3, and 3.28 × 10−3, respectively, and the activation energy for ρ1 is 15.8 kJ mol−1. The DDS in BCBD‐mediated RAFT polymerization of MA is separated by column chromatography and characterized by 1H‐NMR and MALDI‐TOF MS.
Radiation Synthesis of Rapidly Self‐Healing Hydrogel Derived from Poly(acrylic acid) with Good Mechanical Strength
Authors: Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , El‐Sattar Nour E. A. Abd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article aims at designing a new self‐healing hydrogel with good mechanical strength. A new class of carbamothioyl monomer of N‐((2‐((2‐aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)carbamothioyl)acrylamide (AECAm) is derived from acrylic acid monomer in mild conditions. The copolymerization of acrylic acid (30%) with 10% of AECAm is performed in aqueous media via radical polymerization induced by gamma irradiation at a dose of 30 kGy. The obtained p(AAc/AECAm) hydrogel exhibits rapid self‐healing in 3 s without any external agent assistance (host interaction) because of the electrostatic interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonding formation between PAAc and PAECAm matrices. The AECAm is containing carbamothioyl and acrylamide moieties that are performed using 1H NMR, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV spectroscopy measurements. The reactivity descriptors for AECAm monomer in keto form using density functional theory are investigated. The experimental results indicate that the AECAm molecules form enol and keto tautomeric structures when it converts from monomer to polymer form. This interesting feature gives p(AAc/AECAm) hydrogel the rapid self‐healing property (3 s) and a good mechanical strength (8.48–107.9 kPa) under the successive loading conditions. These results indicate that the p(AAc/AECAm) hydrogel can find application in biomaterial proposal and may function as a template for generating artificial articular cartilage.
Polymers in the Blender
Authors: Junkers Tanja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEver since the birth of controlled polymerizations, polymer synthesis always strived toward distributions that are as narrowly dispersed as possible. Yet, such polymers are not always advantageous, and only recently methods have started to develop that allow to create polymers with controllable molecular weight and dispersity. Stretching beyond that, there are also now tools to create distributions of any shape. This level of control, even if this is just the start of these endeavors, has tremendous potential for developing materials with superior and more precise physical properties. The principles for the synthesis of different molecular weight distributions shapes are introduced and discussed.
Dot Nanopattern Self‐Assembled from Rod‐Coil Block Copolymer on Substrate
Authors: Sun Bo , Xu Zhanwen , Tang Zhengmin , Cai Chunhua , Lin Jiaping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanoscale dot patterns are important in various fields. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate ordered nanopatterns on substrates through a polymer self‐assembly approach. In this work, it is reported that polypeptide‐based rod‐coil block copolymers can self‐assemble into surface micelles on substrates, thus forming dot nanopatterns. The size of the surface micelles is readily adjusted by the degree of the polymerization of the block copolymers. It is found that most of the surface micelles are in a sixfold coordinated lattice, indicating an ordered array feature. Defects such as fivefold coordination arrays and sevenfold coordination arrays are also observed, which are derived from the nonuniform size of the micelles and the existence of nonspherical micelles. The experimental findings are well modelled by dissipative particle dynamics theoretical simulations, and the simulations provide more detailed information, such as the packing manner of the polymer chain in the surface micelles.
Dual Action Antimicrobial Surfaces: Alternating Photopatterns Maintain Contact‐Killing Properties with Reduced Biofilm Formation
Authors: Blackman Lewis D. , Fros Marion K. , Welch Nicholas G. , Gengenbach Thomas R. , Qu Yue , Pasic Paul , Gunatillake Pathiraja A. , Thissen Helmut , Cass Peter , Locock Katherine E. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContact‐killing antimicrobial coatings are important for reducing medical device related nosocomial bacterial infections, yet they inadvertently suffer from rapid bacterial colonization. To lessen the extent of biofilm formation on such surfaces, it is hypothesized that coatings containing alternating regions of a low‐fouling polymer incorporated into a contact‐killing surface would reduce bacterial colonization, while still allowing for the contact‐killing properties to be retained. To this end, photopatterned surfaces are developed with alternating regions comprised of a crosslinked low‐fouling zwitterionic copolymer and regions containing the antimicrobial peptide nisin for contact‐killing. The surfaces are characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements and assessed for their efficacy against Staphylococcus epidermidis colonization. The dual antimicrobial action surfaces present the synergistic advantages of both classes of coatings against the prolific biofilm‐forming bacterium, reducing the biofilm surface coverage by 70% relative to the nonpatterned control, while still retaining their contact‐killing activity. The results suggest that patterned surfaces, which combine nonadhesive regions with contact killing regions, have the potential to provide improved control over bacterial colonization, biofilm formation, and medical device‐associated infections.
Strong Exciton–Photon Coupling in Dye‐Doped Polymer Microcavities
Authors: Tang Ji , Ren Ang , Zhou Zhonghao , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrganic strongly coupled microcavities are of crucial importance in broad application fields, ranging from creation of Bose–Einstein condensates to control of chemistry reactions. Generally, strong coupling occurs in microcavities containing large ensembles of molecules, which, however, may suffer from molecular aggregation and luminescence quenching, restricting the optical applications of the microcavities. Here, the emission properties of dye‐doped polymer microcavities in strong coupling regime are investigated. The dispersion of dye molecules suppresses the aggregation‐caused quenching, and therefore the microcavities exhibit strong photoluminescence (PL) corresponding to the polariton branches. The time‐resolved PL measurement results reveal that the observed long PL lifetimes of the microcavities are dominated by the rates of the slow relaxation from the exciton reservoir to the polariton branches. The results will provide a useful enlightenment for using dye‐doped polymer microcavities to investigate strong coupling and construct polaritonic devices.
Synthesis and Structural Studies of Zn0.95Cu0.05Mn2O4 Ceramics
Authors: Shashidharagowda H. , Kulkarni Akshay , Mathad Shridhar N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe fabrication of Zn0.95Cu0.05Mn2O4 ceramic material is obtained by simple chemical route (co‐precipitation method) at 600˚C. The sample is characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The diffraction pattern in comparison with the JCPDS card #96‐901‐2843, confirms the spinel tetragonal structure with lattice parameters a = 5.9365 Å and c = 8.6422 Å, unit cell volume of 304.573 Å3. The other possible parameters like crystallite size, X‐ray density, dislocation density, micro strain, and texture co‐efficient are reported using XRD analysis. The micro strain and crystallite size are correlated with the respective values got from Williamson–Hall and size‐strain analysis method. The SEM image showed the clouds like algae structure with grain size 3.934 µm. The effect of copper doping on structure and morphology of zinc manganite is evidenced.
Influence of Spray Solution Quantity on Microstructural and Optical Properties of In2O3 Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Deokate Ramesh J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHighly textured indium oxide (In2O3) thin films are produced by chemical spray pyrolysis method onto glass substrates. The impact of film thickness on the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of In2O3 thin films are investigated. The effect of film thickness on microstructural properties like grain size, lattice constants, dislocation density, and strain of the films are reported. X‐Ray diffraction study reveals that the thin films have a cubic structure with favored (222) plane. The morphological study shows the spherical and uninterrupted distribution of grains. The typical transmittance of the In2O3 thin films, measured in the 300–1100 nm wavelength. The optical properties show that direct band gap value improved from 3.35–3.52 eV with film thickness. The best results are shown with 352 nm film thickness which has direct band gap of 3.49 eV, minimum sheet resistance of 80 Ω/□, lowest resistivity of 4 × 10−3 Ω. cm, maximum carrier concentration 6.1 × 1020 cm−3, mobility 29.55 cm2 V−1 s−1 and highest figure of merit is achieved (12.110−2 □/Ω). The results exhibited the 60 mL spray solution quantity of In2O3 films is suitable for device application.
Studies on Real and Imaginary Part of Permeability for Sm–Dy Substituted Mg Ferrite
Authors: Kumbhar R. N. , Shinde Tukaram J. , Ghodake Jeevan S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ferrite samples having composition Mg[(Sm)0.5(Dy)0.5]xFe2‐xO4, in which x varies from 0.05 to 0.3 in steps of 0.05 have been prepared by using combustion method. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure in addition of ortho‐ferrite phase due to substitution of rare earth ions. The initial permeability and complex permeability of toroid samples are calculated by measuring the values of inductance and Q‐factor. It is seen that initial permeability and real part of initial permeability increases with increase in Samarium(Sm)–Dysprosium (Dy) rare earth element in magnetium (Mg) up to x = 0.15 and thereafter it decreases. The composition Mg[(Sm)0.5(Dy)0.5]0.15Fe1.85O4 show low loss factor and initial permeability becomes higher as compared to other prepared rare earth content samples.
Electrochemical Synthesis of CuS Thin Film for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Kadam Sukhdev Luxman , Bulakhe Ravindra Nathuji , Kadam Rupali Ashok , Yewale Manesh Ashik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn present research, walnut like copper sulfide is prepared via a facile single‐step potentiostatic electrodeposition method on conducting stainless steel substrate. The walnut like morphology of copper sulfide thin film lies of microplates and further microplates converted to nanogranuals, by means of a change in deposition time and thickness. Copper sulfide thin film electrode reveals a specific capacitance of 132 F g−1 at 50 mA cm−2. The film thickness changes with deposition time. The films acquire maximum thickness of 610 nm for 25 min of deposition. X‐ray diffraction analysis revels that the CuS thin films is polycrystalline in nature and the crystallite size is 29 nm. The peak at 612 cm−1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra confirms the formation of CuS. The wettability study shows the hydrophilic nature, the contact angle of water with CuS electrode is 66°, and the charge transfer resistance of CuS electrode is 7.78 Ω.
Non‐Invasive Diabetic Sensor Based on Cellulose Acetate/Graphene Nanocomposite
Authors: Yempally Swathi , Hegazy Sara Mohamed , Aly Aaliah , Kannan Karthik , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetabolic changes or pathological disorders are a promising tool for non‐invasive medical diagnosis, occurring in human exhaled breath as a measurement of volatile organic compounds, such as the exhaled acetone quantities in expressions of monitoring of diabetes. Basis of acetone recognition and non‐invasiveness are the most apparent physiognomies of the arrangement. The patient's breath samples are collected beforehand and then passed through the container before the reaction with the sensors and the final result data are put out on the screen at regular intermissions. A conductive composite based on cellulose acetate and thermally reduced graphene are prepared to fabricate the highly selective acetone sensor (especially for the diabetics. In the panorama of future developments of devices investigating real breath samples, a complex occurrence is studied with down to 1 ppm of acetone, ethanol, and methanol (mixed with water) with a sufficiently good signal to noise ratio and is worth inspecting.
Ultrasonic Investigation of DrugZingiber officinalewith Metal Ions as a Function of Concentration
Authors: Nalle Pallavi B. , Shinde Sangita U. , Thakare N. B. , Padghan Prafull P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the molecular association between (metal ions) ZnCl2and extracted form of drugZingiber officinaleis investigated by ultrasonic investigation. The density (ρ), ultrasonic velocity (U), and viscosity (η) of an ethanolic extract of drug with metal ions of different concentrations (number of moles of drug = 0.7009, 1.4018, 2.1027, 2.8036, and 3.5045) at 2 MHz are measured through ultrasonic interferometer. From experimental parameters, various acoustic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (Lf), specific acoustic impedance (Z) are calculated. This study proves the molecular association is present in liquid mixture system and such study is helpful for pharmacological applications of drugs.
Variation of Particle Size with Copper Content in Copper Cobalt Ferrite
Authors: Karande Subash S. , Kavale Mahendra S. , Pushpanjali Gurubasappa M. , Karche Bhanudas R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanoparticle size polycrystalline aluminium substituted copper cobalt ferrite samples CuxCo1‐xFe2‐2yAl2yO4 (where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0; y = 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25) have been prepared by standard ceramic technique. The effects of aluminium and copper on structural properties of cobalt ferrite are studied. A universal testing machine as well as Archimedes’ method is applied for determining the physical properties of the samples. Phase formation is investigated using x‐ray diffraction, infrared absorption technique, and scanning electron microscope technique. The size of particle raises with the increase in concentration of Al3+ content. The particle size occurs in the nano range 50–100 nm. The particle size is a very important parameter in terms of ferrite.
Optical Characterization of Chalcone‐Doped PMMA Thin Films for Photonic Applications Using Spectroscopic Technique of Drop Casting Method
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Melavanki Raveendra , Yallur Basappa C. , Kusanur Raviraj , Patil N. R. , Shelar Vikas M. , Singh Diksha , Rosario Jones , Hussaini Qurban , A Mohan. , Thampan Arun Varma 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThin films of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) and chalcone prepared via drop casting method is reported here. The newly synthesized chalcone derivative namely 1‐(3‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐3‐(4‐nitro‐phenyl)‐propanone (C2) is used to dope the films with different concentrations. The prepared films are transparent so they are studied for applications in photonics. Optical characterization of the samples is done through different spectroscopy techniques. Absorption spectra of the samples is obtained using UV–vis spectrophotometer. Other significant optical parameters such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, and band gap energies are calculated from the absorption spectra. The doping effect is observed on emission spectra that is obtained using fluorescence spectrophotometer. Also, FTIR spectra of the doped films is obtained and compared with the pure compound to notice changes in the peak values and intensity of the peaks. The present work is done to study the effect of doping on optical properties and figure out the application of samples in photonics.
Enhanced LPG Sensitivity for Electron Beam Irradiated Al‐ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Vattappalam Sunil C. , Thomas Deepu , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Pasha S. K. Khadeer , Deshmukh Kalim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAl doped and un‐doped ZnO thin films are coated on glass substrate by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction technique with varying doping concentrations of Al from 3 to 7 at%. The samples are annealed at 450 °C for 1 h in the air. The structural and morphological analysis of the samples are carried out using XRD and SEM. The samples are irradiated with high energy electron beam at a dosage of 5 kGy and its sensing properties are explored. It is observed that the irradiated samples show an enhanced sensitivity to liquefied petroleum gas than that of unirradiated samples at the same doping concentration. The higher response and recovery time of irradiated samples are compared with unirradiated samples. The maximum sensitivity (S = 0.35) with faster recovery time of 25 s is observed for the 7% doped Al‐ZnO thin irradiated film.
A Study on the Complex Formation of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate), Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Their Blend with Lithium Perchlorate Using FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ranjana Patil Anitha Bhimarao , Sundaresan B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFourier transform infrared spectrum of the polymer‐salt complexes of poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), and the salt lithium perchlorate is analyzed for different compositions. The functional group analysis reveals that polymers PMMA and PVC form stable complexes with LiClO4. A systematic analysis of the FTIR spectrum of the polymer blend‐salt complexes brings out the inference that the system with equal composition of PMMA and PVC, 37.5 wt% each, is found to show a better complex formation with 25 wt% of LiClO4. The peak positional change of C═O group of PMMA is analyzed critically to identify the complex‐forming behavior of polymer blend.
Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Long‐Term Outcome in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Dyskinesia
Authors: Fabbri Margherita , Zibetti Maurizio , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Contin Manuela , Sambati Luisa , Mohamed Susan , Romagnolo Alberto , Berchialla Paola , Imbalzano Gabriele , Giannini Giulia , Rizzone Mario G. , Artusi Carlo Alberto , Cortelli Pietro , Lopiano Leonardo 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundLevodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) treatment has shown variable effect on dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveTo identify PD patients who are likely to have troublesome dyskinesia under LCIG treatment and describe the pharmacokinetic‐dynamic profile and dyskinesia phenomenology of those patients.MethodsPD patients were assessed for clinical and therapeutic variables, before LCIG treatment (T0) and at last outpatient visit (T1). Sub‐groups of patients with and without “troublesome dyskinesia” (UPDRS IV, item 33 ≥2), matched for disease and LCIG treatment duration, underwent a pharmacokinetic‐dynamic assessment.ResultsWe included 53 PD patients. After a mean of 51.7 ± 34.1 months of LCIG treatment, “off‐time” was significantly reduced, whereas, dyskinesia duration/disability did not change. The multivariate regression model, adjusted for LCIG treatment duration, showed that being female increases the risk of presenting troublesome dyskinesia at T1 (odds ratio [OR] = 9.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4–37.4) that was also significantly associated to longer off periods at T1 (OR= 4.4; 95% CI = 1.1–14.3). Female patients showed a higher risk for a higher dyskinesia score at T1 (sum of the items 32 and 33: P = 0.001). Patients with troublesome dyskinesia showed a tendency for a lower motor benefit and the appearance of more severe dyskinesia despite similar levodopa plasma concentration.ConclusionDyskinesia should be carefully monitored in patients undergoing LCIG, with particular caution for female patients. Whether combined clinical and pharmacodynamic assessments could be helpful to manage patients with troublesome dyskinesia under LCIG treatment needs further evaluation in a larger group of patients.
Application of bile acids for biomedical devices and sensors
Authors: Baker Kayla , Sikkema Rebecca , Zhitomirsky Igor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this mini‐review is to describe the recent advances and applications of bile acids (BAs) for manufacturing biomedical devices and sensors. The biological origin and unique multifunctional properties of BAs are key factors for novel biomedical applications. BAs are used for solubilization of drugs and the development of advanced devices for controlled drug delivery. BAs outperform many commercial dispersants in the dispersion of carbon nanotubes and hydrophobic polymers. They also exhibit unique gel‐forming and film‐forming properties, which are used for the development of biosensors and functionalization of implant materials. Especially important is the possibility of bile acid gel synthesis for controlled release of drugs and other functional molecules. Electrodeposition of BAs films and composites is emerging as a new area of technological interest. The discovery of BAs mediating the biomineralization phenomena allows the development of biomedical implants with enhanced bioactivity and biocompatibility. Bile acids are used as efficient biocompatible reducing and capping agents for the synthesis of inorganic particles and their functionalization for application in biosensors and antimicrobial coatings. The progress in the modification of biopolymers with BAs and development of BAs derivatives paves the way for the fabrication of advanced implants and sensors.