bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
French Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
French Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction outlines the history of French philosophy, summarising important thinkers and texts. Philosophy has played a significant role in French culture since the early modern period, and French philosophy has influenced the Western world for centuries. The Enlightenment was central to the relationship between philosophy and politics. Nineteenth-century French philosophy was focused on ideas of science and progress. In the twentieth century, existentialist ideas took hold, followed by an embrace of structuralism which led to post-structuralism and deconstruction. French philosophy is interwoven with political, literary, and scientific debates of the time, and ongoing conflicts between religious and secular beliefs.
Restless times
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
While it captured the French public imagination, structuralism is now more celebrated as a precursor to post-structuralism and deconstruction. ‘Restless times: structuralism and post-structuralism’ introduces Foucault, Derrida, and Deleuze, whose academic, aesthetically based theories were part of a move away from progressive philosophy. Foucault placed madness and medicine in their historical contexts, Derrida’s writings focused on the inherent instability of texts, and Deleuze rehabilitated some of Bergson’s theories while occupying a unique position of his own between radicalism, pragmatism, and metaphysics. What effect did the student protests of 1968 have on these three different writers?
sideRETRO: a pipeline for identifying somatic and polymorphic insertions of processed pseudogenes or retrocopies
Authors: Miller Thiago L A , Orpinelli Rego Fernanda , Buzzo José Leonel L , Galante Pedro A F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Retrocopies or processed pseudogenes are gene copies resulting from mRNA retrotransposition. These gene duplicates can be fixed, somatically inserted or polymorphic in the genome. However, knowledge regarding unfixed retrocopies (retroCNVs) is still limited, and the development of computational tools for effectively identifying and genotyping them is an urgent need.

Results
Here, we present sideRETRO, a pipeline dedicated not only to detecting retroCNVs in whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing data but also to revealing their insertion sites, zygosity and genomic context and classifying them as somatic or polymorphic events. We show that sideRETRO can identify novel retroCNVs and genotype them, in addition to finding polymorphic retroCNVs in whole-genome and whole-exome data. Therefore, sideRETRO fills a gap in the literature and presents an efficient and straightforward algorithm to accelerate the study of bona fide retroCNVs.

Availability and implementation
sideRETRO is available at https://github.com/galantelab/sideRETRO

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Discovering a sparse set of pairwise discriminating features in high-dimensional data
Authors: Melton Samuel , Ramanathan Sharad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMotivationRecent technological advances produce a wealth of high-dimensional descriptions of biological processes, yet extracting meaningful insight and mechanistic understanding from these data remains challenging. For example, in developmental biology, the dynamics of differentiation can now be mapped quantitatively using single-cell RNA sequencing, yet it is difficult to infer molecular regulators of developmental transitions. Here, we show that discovering informative features in the data is crucial for statistical analysis as well as making experimental predictions.ResultsWe identify features based on their ability to discriminate between clusters of the data points. We define a class of problems in which linear separability of clusters is hidden in a low-dimensional space. We propose an unsupervised method to identify the subset of features that define a low-dimensional subspace in which clustering can be conducted. This is achieved by averaging over discriminators trained on an ensemble of proposed cluster configurations. We then apply our method to single-cell RNA-seq data from mouse gastrulation, and identify 27 key transcription factors (out of 409 total), 18 of which are known to define cell states through their expression levels. In this inferred subspace, we find clear signatures of known cell types that eluded classification prior to discovery of the correct low-dimensional subspace.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/smelton/SMD.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Prospective Cohort Study in Nonhospitalized Household Contacts With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Symptom Profiles and Symptom Change Over Time
Authors: Yousaf Anna R , Duca Lindsey M , Chu Victoria , Reses Hannah E , Fajans Mark , Rabold Elizabeth M , Laws Rebecca L , Gharpure Radhika , Matanock Almea , Wadhwa Ashutosh , Pomeroy Mary , Njuguna Henry , Fox Garrett , Binder Alison M , Christiansen Ann , Freeman Brandi , Gregory Christopher , Tran Cuc H , Owusu Daniel , Ye Dongni , Dietrich Elizabeth , Pevzner Eric , Conners Erin E , Pray Ian , Rispens Jared , Vuong Jeni , Christensen Kim , Banks Michelle , O’Hegarty Michelle , Mills Lisa , Lester Sandra , Thornburg Natalie J , Lewis Nathaniel , Dawson Patrick , Marcenac Perrine , Salvatore Phillip , Chancey Rebecca J , Fields Victoria , Buono Sean , Yin Sherry , Gerber Susan , Kiphibane Tair , Dasu Trivikram , Bhattacharyya Sanjib , Westergaard Ryan , Dunn Angela , Hall Aron J , Fry Alicia M , Tate Jacqueline E , Kirking Hannah L , Nabity Scott 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Improved understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spectrum of disease is essential for clinical and public health interventions. There are limited data on mild or asymptomatic infections, but recognition of these individuals is key as they contribute to viral transmission. We describe the symptom profiles from individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods
From 22 March to 22 April 2020 in Wisconsin and Utah, we enrolled and prospectively observed 198 household contacts exposed to SARS-CoV-2. We collected and tested nasopharyngeal specimens by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) 2 or more times during a 14-day period. Contacts completed daily symptom diaries. We characterized symptom profiles on the date of first positive rRT-PCR test and described progression of symptoms over time.

Results
We identified 47 contacts, median age 24 (3–75) years, with detectable SARS-CoV-2 by rRT-PCR. The most commonly reported symptoms on the day of first positive rRT-PCR test were upper respiratory (n = 32 [68%]) and neurologic (n = 30 [64%]); fever was not commonly reported (n = 9 [19%]). Eight (17%) individuals were asymptomatic at the date of first positive rRT-PCR collection; 2 (4%) had preceding symptoms that resolved and 6 (13%) subsequently developed symptoms. Children less frequently reported lower respiratory symptoms (21%, 60%, and 69% for &lt;18, 18–49, and ≥50 years of age, respectively; P = .03).

Conclusions
Household contacts with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection reported mild symptoms. When assessed at a single timepoint, several contacts appeared to have asymptomatic infection; however, over time all developed symptoms. These findings are important to inform infection control, contact tracing, and community mitigation strategies.
Quantified coronary total plaque volume from computed tomography angiography provides superior 10-year risk stratification
Authors: Deseive Simon , Kupke Maximilian , Straub Ramona , Stocker Thomas J , Broersen Alexander , Kitslaar Pieter , Martinoff Stefan , Massberg Steffen , Hadamitzky Martin , Hausleiter Jörg 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Automated coronary total plaque volume (TPV) quantification derived from coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) datasets provide exact and reliable assessment of calcified and non-calcified coronary atherosclerosis burden. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the long-term predictive value of TPV.

Methods and results
TPV was quantified in 1577 patients undergoing coronary CTA and cardiovascular events were collected during 10.5 years (interquartile range 6.0–11.4) of follow-up. The study endpoint comprised cardiac death and acute coronary syndrome and occurred in 59 (3.7%) patients. Coronary TPV provided additive prognostic value over clinical risk assessed with the Morise Score and coronary artery disease severity (rise in C-index from 0.744 to 0.769, P = 0.03). A category-based reclassification approach combining the Morise Score and TPV revealed superior risk stratification (categorical net reclassification improvement: 0.48 with 95% CI 0.13–0.68, P &lt; 0.001) and resulted in reclassification of 800 (51%) patients compared with the Morise Score alone. The 10-year risk for the study endpoint was 0.6% (95% CI 0–1.3) for patients classified as low risk (n = 807), 4.8% (95% CI 2.4–7.2) for patients at intermediate risk (n = 400), and 10.3% (95% CI 6.6–13.9) for patients at high risk (n = 370) using the combined reclassification approach.

Conclusion
Quantification of TPV from coronary CTA permits an improved 10-year cardiovascular risk stratification.
Patient response, treatments, and mortality for acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Mamas Mamas , Rashid Muhammad , Weston Clive , Hains Julian , Luescher Tom , de Belder Mark A , Deanfield John E , Gale Chris P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
COVID-19 might have affected the care and outcomes of hospitalized acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic changed patient response, hospital treatment, and mortality from AMI.

Methods and results
Admission was classified as non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or STEMI at 99 hospitals in England through live feeding from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project between 1 January 2019 and 22 May 2020. Time series plots were estimated using a 7-day simple moving average, adjusted for seasonality. From 23 March 2020 (UK lockdown), median daily hospitalizations decreased more for NSTEMI [69 to 35; incidence risk ratios (IRR) 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–0.54] than STEMI (35 to 25; IRR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69–0.80) to a nadir on 19 April 2020. During lockdown, patients were younger (mean age 68.7 vs. 66.9 years), less frequently diabetic (24.6% vs. 28.1%), or had cerebrovascular disease (7.0% vs. 8.6%). ST-elevation myocardial infarction more frequently received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (81.8% vs. 78.8%), thrombolysis was negligible (0.5% vs. 0.3%), median admission-to-coronary angiography duration for NSTEMI decreased (26.2 vs. 64.0 h), median duration of hospitalization decreased (4 to 2 days), secondary prevention pharmacotherapy prescription remained unchanged (each &gt; 94.7%). Mortality at 30 days increased for NSTEMI [from 5.4% to 7.5%; odds ratio (OR) 1.41, 95% CI 1.08–1.80], but decreased for STEMI (from 10.2% to 7.7%; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.97).

Conclusion
During COVID-19, there was a substantial decline in admissions with AMI. Those who presented to hospital were younger, less comorbid and, for NSTEMI, had higher 30-day mortality.
Surgical treatment for a pulmonary artery aneurysm with stenosis of the quadricuspid pulmonary valve
Authors: Hara Hiroyuki , Kanemitsu Naoki , Hori Yuki , Hirao Shingo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report a case of pulmonary artery aneurysm and pulmonary stenosis with a quadricuspid pulmonary valve in a 64-year-old woman. While pulmonary artery disease had been found as a child, she needed no treatment because of the absence of symptoms and her normal physical development. She began experiencing dyspnoea on exertion 3 years ago. Echocardiography showed pulmonary artery aneurysm and severe pulmonary stenosis with a quadricuspid valve. Computed tomography showed a pulmonary artery aneurysm extending from its main trunk to the bilateral branches. The pulmonary valve was replaced, and the pulmonary trunk and its bilateral branch were reconstructed. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful.
Beyond the second-order magnetic anisotropy tensor: higher-order components due to oriented magnetite exsolutions in pyroxenes, and implications for palaeomagnetic and structural interpretations
Authors: Biedermann Andrea R , Jackson Mike , Chadima Martin , Hirt Ann M , Feinberg Joshua M 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARY
Exsolved iron oxides in silicate minerals can be nearly ideal palaeomagnetic recorders, due to their single-domain-like behaviour and the protection from chemical alteration by their surrounding silicate host. Because their geometry is crystallographically controlled by the host silicate, these exsolutions possess a shape preferred orientation that is ultimately controlled by the mineral fabric of the silicates. This leads to potentially significant anisotropic acquisition of remanence, which necessitates correction to make accurate interpretations in palaeodirectional and palaeointensity studies. Here, we investigate the magnetic shape anisotropy carried by magnetite exsolutions in pyroxene single crystals, and in pyroxene-bearing rocks based on torque measurements and rotational hysteresis data. Image analysis is used to characterize the orientation distribution of oxides, from which the observed anisotropy can be modelled. Both the high-field torque signal and corresponding models contain components of higher order, which cannot be accurately described by second-order tensors usually used to describe magnetic fabrics. Conversely, low-field anisotropy data do not show this complexity and can be adequately described with second-order tensors. Hence, magnetic anisotropy of silicate-hosted exsolutions is field-dependent and this should be taken into account when interpreting isolated ferromagnetic fabrics, and in anisotropy corrections.
Acute kidney injury in patients operated on for type A acute aortic dissection: incidence, risk factors and short-term outcomes
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Ge Min , Chen Tao , Chen Cheng , Zong Qiuyan , Lu Lichong , Wang Dongjin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a relatively common complication after an operation for type A acute aortic dissection and is indicative of a poor prognosis. We examined the risk factors for and the outcomes of developing AKI in patients being operated on for thoracic aortic diseases.

METHODS
We retrospectively analysed 712 patients with acute type A dissection who had deep hypothermic circulatory operations from January 2014 to December 2018, emphasizing those who developed AKI. Logistic regression models were used to identify predisposing factors for the postoperative development of AKI.

RESULTS
Among all enrolled patients, 359 (50.4%) had AKI; of these, 133 were diagnosed as stage 1 (18.7%), 126 were stage 2 (17.7%) and 100 were stage 3 (14.0%). Postoperative haemodialysis was required in 111 patients (15.9%). The development of AKI after aortic surgery contributed to the higher mortality rate within 30 days after surgery (P &lt; 0.001), longer stay in the intensive care unit (P = 0.01) and longer hospital stay (P &lt; 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative cystatin C levels [odds ratio (OR) 2.615, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.139–6.002; P = 0.023] and postoperative ventilation time (OR 1.019, 95% CI 1.005–1.034; P = 0.009) were independent risk factors for developing AKI. Multiple ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that the preoperative cystatin C level (OR 2.921, 95% CI 1.542–5.540; P = 0.001) was an independent risk factor associated with the severity of AKI.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggested that the development of AKI after surgery for type A acute aortic dissection was common and associated with an increased short-term mortality rate. The preoperative cystatin C level was identified as an indicator for the occurrence and severity of AKI postoperatively. Furthermore, we discovered that longer postoperative ventilation time was also associated with the development of AKI.
A triple-drug treatment regimen to accelerate elimination of lymphatic filariasis: From conception to delivery
Authors: Weil Gary J , Jacobson Julie A , King Jonathan D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is using mass drug administration (MDA) of antifilarial medications to treat filarial infections, prevent disease and interrupt transmission. Almost 500 million people receive these medications each year. Clinical trials have recently shown that a single dose of a triple-drug combination comprised of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (IDA) is dramatically superior to widely used two-drug combinations for clearing larval filarial parasites from the blood of infected persons. A large multicenter community study showed that IDA was well-tolerated when it was provided as MDA. IDA was rapidly advanced from clinical trial to policy and implementation; it has the potential to accelerate LF elimination in many endemic countries.
Temocillin dosage adjustment in a preterm infant with severe renal disease: a case report
Authors: Dumangin Guillaume , Brenkman Matthieu , Pape Elise , Kolodziej Allan , Gambier Nicolas , Vrillon Isabelle , Charmillon Alexandre , Scala-Bertola Julien 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Temocillin is a carboxypenicillin antibiotic indicated in complicated urinary tract infections due to susceptible ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. While temocillin therapeutic schemes for adult patients with normal or impaired renal function are evidence based, little is known in paediatric populations.

Objectives
We report herein the management of temocillin treatment in a preterm infant with end-stage renal disease.

Patients and methods
The patient was a 7-month-old preterm infant born at 35 weeks gestation and treated by temocillin for 10 days for a bacteraemic urinary tract infection due to a susceptible ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex strain. Temocillin was administered by continuous infusion using a loading dose of 25 mg followed by a maintenance dose of 70 mg daily. Determination of MIC and temocillin plasma and urinary concentration was performed.

Results
Clinical improvement was observed 24 h after the initiation of temocillin treatment. Temocillin concentrations ranged between 21.6 and 35.5 mg/L in urine between the first and the sixth day of treatment and between 47.0 and 61.8 mg/L in plasma after 6 and 10 days of treatment, respectively. Temocillin concentrations were found to be above the determined MIC of 6 mg/L. From the measured concentrations, we can postulate that 100%fT&gt;MIC was achieved in urine and at least equal to 40% in plasma.

Conclusions
Temocillin dosing adjustment performed in the present reported case allowed safe and effective treatment. The strategy described herein could be used as a basis for further clinical studies relative to temocillin use in a paediatric population with renal impairment.
Awakening the Serpent King: Ritual and Textual Ontologies in Garhwal, Uttarakhand
Authors: Jassal Aftab S 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the north Indian state of Uttarakhand, the god Nagaraja, associated with the pan--Indian god Krishna, is an extremely popular deity. However, there exist key disjunctures in how Nagaraja is known, experienced and worshiped in the north Indian state of Uttarakhand by jāgar performers—low--caste ritual specialists, storytellers, and musicians—on the one hand, and high--caste temple priests, on the other. Temple priests were generally dismissive of the practices of the jāgar performers, often re--directing my interest in regional narratives of Nagaraja to the Sanskrit--language Bhagavadgita and Bhagavata Purana (the Gita--Bhagavat), which they saw as authoritative and ‘original' sources of oral and vernacular traditions. This interpretation, however, was highly contested by jāgar performers who articulated a non--essentialist, ritually efficacious, rhetorical, oral and vernacular ‘textual ontology.' Jāgar performers not only critiqued Brahminical notions of textual purity and essentialism but also assumptions within the academic study of Hinduism about the relationship between vernacular religious practices and textual Hinduism, or the so--called Great and Little traditions of Hinduism. By ‘textual ontology,' I describe how different relations to textual authority and knowledge in turn reveal distinctive ways of creating, knowing, and interacting with deities and the world. In challenging priestly and western scholarly notions of text, this article offers a radically different view of textual production, transmission, and authority.
The current clinical use of adjuvant analgesics for refractory cancer pain in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tagami Keita , Matsuoka Hiromichi , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Oyamada Shunsuke , Hiratsuka Yusuke , Kizawa Yoshiyuki , Koyama Atsuko , Inoue Akira 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Although adjuvant analgesics are used to treat opioid-refractory cancer pain, there is insufficient evidence to support this practice and limited data to guide the choice depending on cancer pain pathophysiology, dose titration and starting dose. This survey aimed to clarify the current use of adjuvant analgesics for treating opioid-refractory cancer pain.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we sent an online survey questionnaire to 208 certified palliative care specialists. Primary outcomes were (i) effective pathophysiological mechanism of cancer pain and (ii) initiating doses and time period to the first response to each adjuvant analgesic therapy.

Results
In total, 87 (42%) palliative care specialists responded. Of all patients with cancer pain, 40% of patients (median) with refractory cancer pain were prescribed adjuvant analgesics. Additionally, 94.3, 93.1 and 86.2% of palliative care specialists found dexamethasone/betamethasone effective for neuropathic pain caused by tumor-related spinal cord compression, pregabalin effective for malignant painful radiculopathy and dexamethasone/betamethasone effective for brain tumor or leptomeningeal metastases-related headache, respectively. The median starting dose of pregabalin, dexamethasone/betamethasone, lidocaine and ketamine were 75, 4, 200, and 50 mg/day, respectively, and the median time to the first response of those medications were 5, 3, 2 and 3 days, respectively.

Conclusions
Many palliative care specialists select adjuvant analgesics depending on the pathophysiological mechanism of cancer pain in each case. They used such adjuvant analgesics in low doses for cancer pain with short first-response periods.
Is ‘viability’ viable? Abortion, conceptual confusion and the law in England and Wales and the United States
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I explore how viability, meaning the ability of the fetus to survive post-delivery, features in the law regulating abortion provision in England and Wales and the USA. I demonstrate that viability is formalized differently in the criminal law in England and Wales and the USA, such that it is quantified and defined differently. I consider how the law might be applied to the examples of artificial womb technology and anencephalic fetuses. I conclude that there is incoherence in the meaning of viability and argue that it is thus a conceptually illegitimate basis on which to ground abortion regulation. This is both because of the fluidity of the concept and because how it has been thus far understood in the law is unsupported by medical realities. Furthermore, it has the effect of heavily diluting pregnant people’s rights with overly moralistic limitations on access to healthcare.