bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in children with bleeding disorders
Authors: Bressan Silvia , Monagle Paul , Dalziel Stuart R , Borland Meredith L , Phillips Natalie , Kochar Amit , Lyttle Mark D , Cheek John A , Neutze Jocelyn , Oakley Ed , Dalton Sarah , Gilhotra Yuri , Hearps Stephen , Furyk Jeremy , Babl Franz E ,   Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
Published: August 2020

AimTo assess computerised tomography (CT) use and the risk of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in children with bleeding disorders following a head trauma.MethodsDesign: Multicentre prospective observational study. Setting: 10 paediatric emergency departments (ED) in Australia and New Zealand. Patients: Children <18 years with and without bleeding disorders assessed in ED following head trauma between April 2011 and November 2014. Interventions: Data collection of patient characteristics, management and outcomes. Main outcome measures: Rate of CT use and frequency of ICH on CT.ResultsOf 20 137 patients overall, 103 (0.5%) had a congenital or acquired bleeding disorder. CT use was higher in these patients compared with children without bleeding disorders (30.1 vs. 10.4%; rate ratio 2.91 95% CI 2.16–3.91). Only one of 31 (3.2%) children who underwent CT in the ED had an ICH. This patient rapidly deteriorated in the ED on arrival and required neurosurgery. None of the patients with bleeding disorders who did not have a CT obtained in the ED or had an initial negative CT had evidence of ICH on follow up.ConclusionsAlthough children with a bleeding disorder and a head trauma more often received a CT scan in the ED, their risk of ICH seemed low and appeared associated with post‐traumatic clinical findings. Selective CT use combined with observation may be cautiously considered in these children based on clinical presentation and severity of bleeding disorder.
Epidemiology of soccer‐related head injury in children 5–14 years in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Smith Amy E , Krejany Catherine , Jiwa Moyez 
Published: August 2020

AimOur aim was to use epidemiological data to determine the incidence of soccer‐related head injuries in children aged 5–14 years who presented at emergency departments (EDs) or were admitted in hospitals in Victoria, Australia.MethodsED presentation and hospital admission de‐identified aggregate data were from the Victorian Injury Surveillance Unit. Soccer participation data were compared with the soccer‐related head injury data to determine the incidence of this injury among these children.ResultsThe incidence of ED presentations was 0.17% of children participating in soccer during the study period (financial years 2011–2012 to 2015–2016). The 10–14‐years age group presented with more head injuries than the 5–9‐years age group. For the admissions data, soccer had a significantly lower (P = 0.0379) incidence of head injury when compared with ‘sport as a whole’.ConclusionsThe low incidence of soccer‐related head injuries presenting to an ED or admission to hospital is consistent with international findings.
Cholestatic jaundice in neonates: How common is biliary atresia? Experience at an Australian tertiary centre
Authors: Ling David X H , Bolisetty Srinivas , Krishnan Usha 
Published: August 2020

AimTo (i) review the aetiologies of neonatal cholestasis among term and preterm neonates at a single tertiary centre in Australia; (ii) identify clinical variables associated with biliary atresia (BA) and non‐BA aetiology of neonatal cholestasis; (iii) investigate the utility of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in predicting BA among term and preterm neonates.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of neonates born and investigated for cholestasis at two co‐located neonatal and children facilities from January 2013 to December 2017.ResultsOf the 139 neonates with cholestasis, BA and intestinal‐failure‐associated liver‐disease was the most common cause of neonatal cholestasis in term (18%) and preterm (66%) cohorts, respectively. Incidence of BA was higher in term (1:6) than preterm (1:50) neonates (OR 10.29; 95% CI 2.06–49.97, P = 0.0024). Higher birthweight, acholic stool, absent or abnormal gallbladder on ultrasound was significantly associated with BA while gestational age ≤32 weeks, total parenteral nutrition ≥14 days and low albumin were associated with non‐BA aetiology of cholestasis. In diagnosing BA, non‐draining hepatobiliary scintigraphy demonstrated a lower specificity (73% vs. 90%) and lower positive predictive value (25% vs. 78%) in preterm compared to term neonates.ConclusionAetiology of cholestasis among preterm neonates differs from those in term neonates and currently existing diagnostic algorithm for neonatal cholestasis may need to be modified for preterm cohort, taking into account the prevalence for each aetiology, potential predictors and cost‐efficiency.
Dental therapy in the United States: Are developments at the state level a reason for optimism or a cause for concern?
Authors: Simon Lisa , Donoff R. Bruce , Friedland Bernard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccess to dental care continues to be a challenge for millions of vulnerable Americans. In more than 50 nations worldwide, dental therapists (DTs), mid‐level providers who deliver a limited scope of dental care under the supervision of a dentist, have helped increase access to needed care. Since 2003, when the Alaska Native Tribal Health System introduced DTs as part of the Federally authorized Alaska Community Health Aide Program, a total of 13 states have adopted the role. However, as of April 2020, there are fewer than 150 DTs in practice throughout the country, and educational and licensing requirements as well as scope of practice vary between each state. Such heterogeneity makes the training and recruitment of future DTs a challenge. This article summarizes the current state of the DT workforce in the United States and discusses the possible future of the profession as other states contemplate adopting the model in the face of ongoing oral health disparities.
Prevalence of oral conditions among methamphetamine users: NHANES 2009–2014
Authors: Hegazi Fahad , Alhazmi Hesham , Abdullah Abeer , Alamer Nora , Nelson Jevae , Aldosari Muath , Tillman Nailah , Bahdila Dania , Odani Satomi , Agaku Israel , Vardavas Constantine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesMethamphetamine (MA) is a widely used illicit drug and a nationwide public health concern. Although dental complications are consistently reported among MA users, yet limited nationally representative studies on the associations between MA use and oral health currently exist.MethodsUsing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014, we analyzed 8,762 respondents aged 30–64 years who had completed a periodontal examination. MA use was self‐reported; periodontitis, untreated caries, and missing teeth were assessed by calibrated dentists. Descriptive statistics as well as multivariable regression analyses were performed. Data were weighted to yield representative estimates of the US adult population.ResultsOverall 7.8 percent of US adults aged ≥30 years had ever used MA. Ever‐use prevalence was higher among males, whites, and individuals below the federal poverty level. Established MA users had a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries (36.6 percent), any periodontitis (54.8 percent), and severe periodontitis (12.2 percent) than those who had never used MA. The prevalence of any periodontitis was higher among current MA users (PR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05–1.62) than those who never used MA. Prevalence of untreated dental caries was higher among current MA users (PR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.10–2.13) and established users (PR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02–1.48) than never users. Taking MA orally and/or through injection was associated with higher odds of severe periodontitis than orally only (AOR: 3.72; CI: 1.79–7.75).ConclusionsMA users had a higher prevalence of periodontitis and dental caries. Continued research assessing the relationship between MA use and oral health can inform clinical interventions and management of dental diseases in MA users.
Influences on interactions between physicians in the public and private sectors and medical representatives in Yemen
Authors: Al-Areefi Mahmoud A , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham M , Hassali Mohamed Azmi A , Alfadl Abubakr A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to assess the relative importance of attitude and subjective norms as well as physicians' characteristics and practice-setting factors in predicting the outcome of physicians' interactions with MRs.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 602 physicians in Sana'a, Yemen. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential analyses. The t-test/Mann–Whitney test and ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc analysis, principal component analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were applied at an a priori significance level of 0.05.Key findingsThe response rate was 76.5%. Results showed that physicians who see a greater number of MRs per week or have academic affiliations were significantly more likely to have received high/low-value promotional items than were those who saw fewer MRs or have no academic affiliations (P values &lt; 0.001 and 0.021, respectively). Also male physicians and physicians who have private clinics were significantly more likely to have received high-value promotional items (P value &lt; 0.001). Three out of five hypotheses were supported (physicians' belief in the appropriateness of accepting high/low-value pharmaceutical companies' promotional techniques relate positively and significantly to their behaviour of interactions with MRs, and physicians' attitudes towards pharmaceutical companies relates positively and significantly to their interactions with MRs).ConclusionPhysicians in Yemen consider most of the promotional techniques as normal practice. The article provides empirical evidence for policymakers in developing countries in general, and Yemen specifically, to develop suitable policies and regulations for drug promotion.
The effect of different dietary ratios of lysine, arginine and methionine on biochemical parameters and hormone secretion in turkeys
Authors: Ognik Katarzyna , Całyniuk Zuzanna , Mikulski Dariusz , Stępniowska Anna , Konieczka Paweł , Jankowski Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe postulated that the use of optimal levels and proportions of Lys, Arg and Met in compound feed allows for optimal exploitation of the growth potential of contemporary slaughter turkey hybrids and reduces metabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different proportions of Lys, Arg and Met in diets whose Lys content is in accordance with NRC recommendations, that is a low level, on selected parameters of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and on hormone secretion in turkeys. The lowest Arg content (90% Lys) in the diet resulted in an increase in plasma total cholesterol levels in the turkeys as compared to higher Arg content (100% or 110% of Lys), (2.50 vs. 2.09 vs. 1.83). Plasma HDL and creatinine concentration increased in turkeys fed diets with higher Arg content (100% and 110% Lys) compared to turkeys receiving the diet with the lowest Arg content (90% Lys). Compared to turkeys receiving the lowest and intermediate Arg content (90% and 100% Lys), the diet with the highest content of this AA (110% Lys) resulted in an increase in the plasma T4 level (71.21 vs. 86.60 vs. 128.2). The varied Arg and Met levels relative to Lys did not affect the secretion of neurotransmitters or hormones regulating glucose metabolism. At low levels of Met in the diet, an decrease in Arg relative to Lys from 100% to 90% caused a growth depression of turkeys (10.68 vs. 10.21 kg), which was not noted in the case of the higher Met content. When using the Lys level recommended by NRC in the turkey diet, the optimal Arg level is 100% and Met is 45% compared to Lys.
Yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (Col: Tenebrionidae), larvae powder as dietary protein sources for broiler chickens: Effects on growth performance, carcass traits, selected intestinal microbiota and blood parameters
Authors: Sedgh‐Gooya Shadi , Torki Mehran , Darbemamieh Maryam , Khamisabadi Hassan , Karimi Torshizi Mohammad Amir , Abdolmohamadi Alireza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TM meal) inclusion on the performance, carcass traits, caecum microbiota and blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 180‐day‐old chickens were allocated to three dietary groups with five replicate pens (12 birds/pen). Experimental diets were included a corn‐soybean basal diet, and two diets with 2.5% and 5% TM. TM‐included diets have been administered for periods of starter (1–10 days) and grower (11–25 days). A regular finisher diet was given to all groups during the 26–42 days of age. Diets containing TM meal did not influence feed intake and mortality percentage. Feed conversion ratio was lower with the 2.5% TM meal diet compared with the control group at starter period (p < .05). Besides, broiler chickens fed TM meal included diet had a higher body weight gain than the control group during 1–10 days of age (p < .05). The carcass characteristics and length and weight of different parts of small and large intestines were not influenced by diets. TM meal inclusion decreased the albumin‐to‐globulin ratio compared with the control group (p < .05). Additionally, lower total count of aerobic and Escherichia coli bacteria was observed in response to diet inclusion of 5% TM meal. Overall, the inclusion of TM meal in broilers' diet improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in the starting period, decreased albumin‐to‐globulin ratio and E. coli bacteria content.
Work, life, and the gender effect: Perspectives of ACVIM Diplomates in 2017. Part 2—The intersection of personal life and professional career
Authors: Morello Samantha L. , Colopy Sara A. , Chun Ruthanne , Buhr Kevin A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the field of veterinary surgery, women neither marry nor have children at the same rate as men, and those who do may experience more career disruption as a result. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) is 1 of the few areas of specialized medicine that is predominantly female; it is unknown if such a demographic shift would produce a different environment for individuals cultivating their personal life.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo report data regarding subjective and objective aspects of the intersection of the personal and professional lives of Diplomates of the ACVIM.SampleEight hundred ninety‐six surveys (781 completed) of ACVIM Diplomates, including cardiology, large and small animal internal medicine, neurology, and oncology.MethodsAn 82‐item online survey was distributed to ACVIM Diplomates via Diplomate college listservs. Participation was voluntary.ResultsMen were more likely to be married and have children than were women. Women had or adopted their first child at a later career stage compared with men, and agreed more strongly that career stage was an influential factor in family planning. Those with children worked fewer hours compared with those without, and this effect was greater among women. Women were more likely to require external childcare, but most men and women shared childcare responsibilities equally outside of working hours.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe intersection of personal and professional life differs between men and women in the ACVIM, which may create different needs, preferences, or barriers to work‐life balance in the workforce.
The economic impact of changing the environment for innovation in Argentina—Applying the lessons of Asia to Latin America
Authors: Wilsdon Tim , Haderi Artes , Dobreva Zlatina , Ricciardi Giuliano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the potential impact of reforming Argentina's innovation policy on innovative and economic activity, drawing from evidence of case study markets. We review existing evidence on the relationship between changes in innovation policy and innovative activities to develop an analytical framework. Using the framework, we compare innovative activity in Argentina to other Latin American markets and case‐study markets in Asia that have experimented with innovation policy. Drawing on a statistical analysis of the impact of these policies on innovative and economic activity in the case‐study markets, we develop a scenario‐based model on the potential innovative growth in Argentina, focusing on the pharmaceutical industry. These results are particularly relevant for Argentina, as a market with a strong resource base to undertake innovation, but which has underperformed in terms of innovative activity. Strengthening the policy environment could unlock Argentina's potential and support a step change in innovative activity and the transition to a more knowledge‐intensive pharmaceutical industry. This could be achieved by strengthening intellectual property rights relevant to the pharmaceutical and biotech industry and by providing regulatory data protection.
The Impact of Career Politicians: Evidence from US Governors
Authors: Pickard Harry 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYThis paper exploits the presence of Congressional experience in US governors that permits the identification of the relationship between political career experience and intergovernmental transfers. I assemble a novel dataset of governors’ political background and match this to federal transfer data from 1950 to 2008. Governors with Congressional experience have 0.8 percentage points more transfers to their state. I show evidence for one potential channel that this may act through, the federal grants system. The findings are robust to outliers in the data, selection effects, close elections and an alternative dependent variable based on a state’s share of total federal transfers
Leveraging interdisciplinary perspectives to optimize auditory training for cochlear implant users
Authors: Drouin Julia R. , Theodore Rachel M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis review examines the role of auditory training on speech adaptation for cochlear implant users. A current limitation of the existing evidence base is the failure to adequately account for wide variability in speech perception outcomes following implantation. While many preimplantation factors contribute to the variance observed in outcomes, formal auditory training has been proposed as a way to maximize speech comprehension benefits for cochlear implant users. We adopt an interdisciplinary perspective and focus on integrating the clinical rehabilitation literature with basic research examining perceptual learning of speech. We review findings on the role of auditory training for improving perception of degraded speech signals in normal hearing listeners, with emphasis on how lexically oriented training paradigms may facilitate speech comprehension when the acoustic input is diminished. We conclude with recommendations for future research that could foster translation of principles of speech learning in normal hearing listeners to aural rehabilitation protocols for cochlear implant patients.
Submarine groundwater springs are characterized by distinct fish communities
Authors: Pisternick Timo , Lilkendey Julian , Audit‐Manna Anishta , Dumur Neelayya Danishta , Neehaul Yashvin , Moosdorf Nils 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe inflow of terrestrial groundwater into the ocean is increasingly recognized as an important local source of nutrients and pollutants to coastal ecosystems. Although there is evidence of a link between fresh submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)‐derived nutrients and primary producer and primary consumer abundances, the effects of fresh SGD on the productivity of higher trophic levels such as ichthyofaunal communities remain unclear. To further investigate this relationship, we sampled three sites inside a coral reef lagoon in Mauritius: One site entailing six distinct groundwater springs, a site highly influenced by freshwater influx through the springs, and a strictly marine control site. Using remote underwater video surveys, we found that fish abundances were significantly higher at the groundwater springs than at the other two sampling sites.Principal component analyses showed that the springs and the spring‐influenced part of the lagoon were best described by elevated water nutrient loadings, whereas the control site was characterized by higher water salinity and pH. Macroalgae cover was highest at the control site and the springs. Herbivores and invertivores dominated the fish community at the springs, in contrast to generalists at the control site. At the spring‐influenced site, we mainly encountered high coral/turf algae cover and high abundances of associated fish feeding groups (territorial farmers, corallivores). Our results provide evidence of a fresh SGD‐driven relationship between altered hydrography and distinct fish communities with elevated abundances at groundwater springs in a coral reef lagoon. These findings suggest that the management and assessment of secondary consumer productivity in tropical lagoons should take into account the effects of groundwater springs.
Biology and management of sarcoptic mange in wild Caprinae populations
Authors: Pérez Jesús M. , Granados José E. , Espinosa José , Ráez‐Bravo Arián , López‐Olvera Jorge R. , ROSSI Luca , Meneguz Pier Giuseppe , Angelone Samer , Fandos Paulino , Soriguer Ramón C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Sarcoptic mange is a cosmopolitan disease affecting the skin of domestic and wild mammalian species and humans as well. In Eurasia, sarcoptidosis (also known as sarcoptic mange or scabies) affects mountain ungulates (Caprinae) among other wild hosts, and epizootic outbreaks induce variable mortality rates. This fact, coupled with the important ecological and socio‐economic values of such mammalian hosts, resulted in many research projects being focused on addressing ecological, physiological, behavioural, genetic, and pathological effects of the disease.

Nevertheless, information about management of sarcoptic mange in free‐ranging populations is scarce and scattered, with contradictory results and a lack of consensus on basic aspects of the disease.

In this review, we summarise knowledge on the effects of sarcoptic mange in wild Caprinae, at individual, pathological and population epidemiological levels, as well as on the current tools and management strategies for its detection, diagnosis, prevention, and control.

Disease spread in naïve populations is ca. 6 km year−1, and the mortality rate can be >95%. Tools for monitoring the disease include visual diagnosis, photographic traps, trained dogs, thermography, immunodiagnostics, molecular tools, radiocollars, and epidemiological modelling. Options for management include eradication, control, and prevention of the disease; biosecurity and prevention of spread to humans can be achieved by careful hygiene methods.

Sarcoptic mange is a natural, biological factor controlling host population numbers and dynamics in Caprinae, so goals and strategies for its management in wild populations must be set accordingly.

Specific management programmes for preventing and controlling sarcoptic mange in wild Caprinae populations must be based on reliable epidemiological data. More research is needed to provide evidence‐based policies. The efficacy and safety of various management approaches remain to be tested experimentally.