bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A network analysis of post-traumatic stress and psychosis symptoms
Authors: Hardy Amy , O'Driscoll Ciaran , Steel Craig , van der Gaag Mark , van den Berg David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the interplay between trauma-related psychological mechanisms and psychotic symptoms may improve the effectiveness of interventions for post-traumatic stress reactions in psychosis. Network theory assumes that mental health problems persist not because of a common latent variable, but from dynamic feedback loops between symptoms, thereby addressing the heterogeneous and overlapping nature of traumagenic and psychotic diagnoses. This is a proof-of-concept study examining interactions between post-traumatic stress symptoms, which were hypothesized to reflect trauma-related psychological mechanisms, and auditory hallucinations and delusions.MethodBaseline data from two randomised controlled trials (N = 216) of trauma-focused therapy in people with post-traumatic stress symptoms (87.5% met diagnostic criteria for PTSD) and psychotic disorder were analysed. Reexperiencing, hyperarousal, avoidance, trauma-related beliefs, auditory hallucinations and delusional beliefs were used to estimate a Gaussian graphical model along with expected node influence and predictability (proportion of explained variance).ResultsTrauma-related beliefs had the largest direct influence on the network and, together with hypervigilance, were implicated in the shortest paths from flashbacks to delusions and auditory hallucinations.ConclusionsThese findings are in contrast to previous research suggesting a central role for re-experiencing, emotional numbing and interpersonal avoidance in psychosis. Trauma-related beliefs were the psychological mechanism most associated with psychotic symptoms, although not all relevant mechanisms were measured. This work demonstrates that investigating multiple putative mediators may clarify which processes are most relevant to trauma-related psychosis. Further research should use network modelling to investigate how the spectrum of traumatic stress reactions play a role in psychotic symptoms.
Cost-effectiveness evaluation for pricing medicines and devices: A new value-based price adjustment system in Japan
Authors: Shiroiwa Takeru 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesIn Japan, a new cost-effectiveness evaluation system for medicine and medical device pricing was employed in April 2019 after a trial implementation. This study describes the discussions held from April 2016 to March 2019 concerning the newly introduced system.MethodsUsing published government documents, discussions with stakeholders, and the minutes of the Chuikyo committee meetings, the following issues are addressed: (i) the results of the trial implementation and (ii) an overview of the newly introduced system.ResultsDuring the trial implementation, thirteen products were evaluated and their prices adjusted. The process of the new system—which was to be implemented in FY 2019—takes about 15–18 months to complete after listing of the target products by the National Health Insurance. The target products are selected principally based on sales volume, degree of innovation (premium), and disclosure of rationale for price setting. First, a manufacturer submits the cost-effectiveness data, which is then reviewed by the Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health (C2H) in collaboration with academics. The results of the cost-effectiveness evaluation are not considered during the decision-making process concerning the product's listing. The price adjustment system is similar to value-based pricing (VBP); hence, the new system can be considered as VBP adjustment.ConclusionCost-effectiveness evaluation can help promote both technological innovation and sustainability of the healthcare system. We need to create a greater capacity for enhancing this academic review system.
Assistive Device Use among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Profile of Canadians Using Hearing, Vision, and Mobility Devices in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Ishigami Yoko , Jutai Jeffrey , Kirkland Susan 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThere is increasing recognition that using assistive devices can support healthy aging. Minimizing discomfort and loss of function and increasing independence can have a substantial impact physically, psychologically, and financially on persons with functional impairments and resulting activity limitations, as well as on caregivers and communities. However, it remains unclear who uses assistive devices and how device use can influence social participation. The current analysis used CLSA baseline data from 51,338 older adults between the ages of 45 and 85. Measures of socio-demographic, health, and social characteristics were analyzed by sex and age groups. Weighted cross-tabulations were used to report correlations between independent variables and assistive device use for hearing, vision, and mobility. We found that assistive device use was higher among those who were of older age, had less education, were widowed, had lower income, and had poorer health. Assistive devices were used differently according to sex and social participation, providing insight into assistive device use for the well-being of older adults and their families.
On-farm risk factors associated withLeptospirashedding in New Zealand dairy cattle
Authors: Yupiana Y. , Vallée E. , Wilson P. , Weston J. F. , Benschop J. , Collins-Emerson J. , Heuer C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with shedding of pathogenicLeptospiraspecies in urine at animal and herd levels. In total, 200 dairy farms were randomly selected from the DairyNZ database. Urine samples were taken from 20 lactating, clinically normal cows in each herd between January and April 2016 and tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) usinggyrBas the target gene. Overall, 26.5% of 200 farms had at least one PCR positive cow and 2.4% of 4000 cows were sheddingLeptospirain the urine. Using a questionnaire, information about risk factors at cow and farm level was collected via face-to-face interviews with farm owners and managers. Animals on all but one farm had been vaccinated against Hardjo and Pomona and cows on 54 of 200 (27%) farms had also been vaccinated against Copenhageni in at least one age group (calves, heifers and cows). Associations found to be statistically significant in univariate analysis (atP< 0.2) were assessed by multivariable logistic regression. Factors associated with shedding included cattle age (Odds ratio (OR) 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.95), keeping sheep (OR 5.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46–21.25) or dogs (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07–1.97) and managing milking cows in a single as opposed to multiple groups (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20–0.99). We conclude that younger cattle were more likely to be sheddingLeptospirathan older cattle and that the presence of sheep and dogs was associated with an increased risk of shedding in cows. Larger herds were at higher risk of havingLeptospirashedders. However, none of the environmental risk factors that were assessed (e.g. access to standing water, drinking-water source), or wildlife abundance on-farm, or pasture were associated with shedding, possibly due to low statistical power, given the low overall shedding rate.
What is the reliability of visually based animal trade census outcomes? A case study involving the market monitoring of the Sumatran Laughingthrush Garrulax bicolor
Authors: BUŠINA TOMÁŠ , KOUBA MAREK , PASARIBU NURSAHARA 
Published: May 2020

SummaryA considerable variety of Indonesian avifauna is forced into the domestic and international pet trade, where the majority of individuals are caught in the wild. To monitor the volume and development of the trade and to evaluate the threat status of the traded species, bird market surveys are usually performed. The most commonly used monitoring technique is the “Direct Counting Method – DCM”, i.e. the counting of openly displayed individuals offered for sale. In this study, we evaluate the reliability of the outputs that DCM delivers by conducting regular long-term bird censuses at two of the main animal markets in Medan (Sumatra, Indonesia) involving 10 major local vendors specialising in the Sumatran Laughingthrush (Garrulax bicolor; SL), our target species. Both markets were visited from March to December 2015 with three different survey intervals (one, two and four visits per month). In total, according to DCM, we recorded up to 461 SL individuals offered for sale. However, a comparison of the monthly logs recorded directly by the vendors during the same period revealed that DCM only uncovered a negligible proportion of the total trade. Specifically, we detected only 4.6%, 8.1% and 16.1% of the traded SL individuals in relation to the set survey intervals. While the numbers of recorded SL individuals according to DCM and the three survey intervals were significantly interrelated, none of them correlated with the real numbers of traded birds provided by the vendors. Our results suggest that census-based market data are underestimated, and represent an unknown proportion of true trade volumes, regardless of the intensity of visits. In order to obtain reliable data and prevent the underestimation of the volume of trade, we recommend of undisclosed monitoring of markets and the engagement of trusted individuals with a past personal interest in this field or, if possible, the vendors themselves.
Efficacy of low-dose ketamine infusion in anxious vs nonanxious depression: revisiting the Adjunctive Ketamine Study of Taiwanese Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Chen Mu-Hong , Lin Wei-Chen , Wu Hui-Ju , Bai Ya-Mei , Li Cheng-Ta , Tsai Shih-Jen , Hong Chen-Jee , Tu Pei-Chi , Cheng Chih-Ming , Su Tung-Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe antidepressant effect of low-dose ketamine infusion on Taiwanese patients with anxious vs nonanxious treatment-resistant depression (ANX-TRD vs NANX-TRD) has remained unknown.MethodsIn total, 71 patients with TRD were randomized to three groups. Each group had participants who received saline infusions mixed with 0 (a normal saline infusion), 0.2, and 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine. Participants were followed up for 2 weeks. Anxious depression was defined as major depressive disorder with a total score of 7 or more on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Anxiety-Somatization factor. Generalized estimating equation models were used to investigate the effects of treatment (ketamine vs placebo) and depression type (ANX-TRD vs NANX-TRD) in the reduction of depressive symptoms during the follow-up period.ResultsPatients with ANX-TRD were less likely to respond to a single low-dose ketamine infusion than those with NANX-TRD. Among patients with NANX-TRD, low-dose ketamine infusion was significantly superior to placebo for reducing depressive symptoms. However, among patients with ANX-TRD, ketamine was not superior to placebo; nonetheless, approximately 30% of the patients responded to ketamine infusion compared to 13% who responded to the placebo.ConclusionsLow-dose ketamine infusion was effective for Taiwanese patients with NANX-TRD but not so effective for those with ANX-TRD. A higher level of anxiety severity accompanying depression was related to greater depression severity. This may confound and reduce the antidepressant effect of ketamine infusion.
Physical Diagnosis of the 2016 Great Barrier Reef Bleaching Event
Authors: Karnauskas Kristopher B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWidespread coral bleaching across the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in 2016 is often reportedly caused by El Niño and/or global warming. However, the GBR is not in a region where it is straightforward to anticipate sea surface temperature (SST) warming during El Niño, and the role of climate change is unclear. This study uses a diverse range of observations to investigate the physical causes of SST anomalies that developed on the GBR in 2016. Warm SST anomalies developed in two stages. Initial warming was caused by El Niño shifting the global‐scale pattern of convection, increasing solar radiation in the Coral Sea. The warm anomaly was extended and amplified near the coast by a terrestrial heat wave propagating across eastern Australia, further warming the GBR through turbulent heat flux. It is concluded that El Niño caused the SST anomaly, and global warming increased its amplitude and extended it by several months.
Meteoroid Impacts as a Source of Bennu's Particle Ejection Events
Authors: Bottke W. F. , Moorhead A. V. , Connolly H. C. , Hergenrother C. W. , Molaro J. L. , Michel P. , Nolan M. C. , Schwartz S. R. , Vokrouhlický D. , Walsh K. J. , Lauretta D. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAsteroid (101955) Bennu, a near‐Earth object with a primitive carbonaceous chondrite‐like composition, was observed by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security‐Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS‐REx) spacecraft to undergo multiple particle ejection events near perihelion between December 2018 and February 2019. The three largest events observed during this period, which all occurred 3.5 to 6 hr after local noon, placed numerous particles <10 cm on temporary orbits around Bennu. Here we examine whether these events could have been produced by sporadic meteoroid impacts using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Meteoroid Engineering Model 3.0. Most projectiles that impact Bennu come from nearly isotropic or Jupiter‐family comets and have evolved toward the Sun by Poynting‐Robertson drag. We find that 7,000‐J impacts on Bennu occur with a biweekly cadence near perihelion, with a preference to strike in the late afternoon (~6 pm local time). This timing matches observations. Crater scaling laws also indicate that these impact energies can reproduce the sizes and masses of the largest observed particles, provided the surface has the cohesive properties of weak, porous materials. Bennu's ejection events could be caused by the same kinds of meteoroid impacts that created the Moon's asymmetric debris cloud observed by the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE). Our findings also suggest that fewer ejection events should take place as Bennu moves further away from the Sun, a result that can be tested with future observations.
Juno Waves Detection of Dust Impacts Near Jupiter
Authors: Ye S.‐Y. , Averkamp T. F. , Kurth W. S. , Brennan M. , Bolton S. , Connerney J. E. P. , Joergensen J. L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Juno spacecraft entered orbit at Jupiter on 5 July 2016. Since then, Juno has orbited Jupiter in high inclination orbits, crossing the ring plane near perijove. During 20 of the first 21 crossings, the Waves instrument detected signals associated with dust impacts. The impact rate profiles show peaks of order 6 s−1 around the ring plane with half width at half maximum ~2,000–3,000 km. The polarity ratio of the impact signals did not follow the areas of the antennas exposed to dust impacts that change due to the rotation of the spacecraft, suggesting Waves detects impacts on the Juno spacecraft and not just on the Waves antennas. The impact rate profile changed during Perijove 19, when the spacecraft rotation axis was tilted to the south, increasing the area of the solar panels exposed to impacts, indicating that the detected impacts were on the spacecraft body. Grain sizes of order 1 μm are estimated, and the differential size distribution has a slope of −5.1 and with number densities of order 3 × 10−6 m−3.
Impact of Roughness Length on WRF Simulated Land‐Atmosphere Interactions Over a Hyper‐Arid Region
Authors: Nelli Narendra Reddy , Temimi Marouane , Fonseca Ricardo Morais , Weston Michael John , Thota Mohana Satyanarayana , Valappil Vineeth Krishnan , Branch Oliver , Wulfmeyer Volker , Wehbe Youssef , Al Hosary Taha , Shalaby Abdeltawab , Al Shamsi Noor , Al Naqbi Hajer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aerodynamic roughness length is a crucial parameter that controls surface variables including the horizontal wind, surface temperature, and heat fluxes. Despite its importance, in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, this parameter is typically assigned a predefined value, mostly based on the dominant land‐use type. In this work, the roughness length is first estimated from eddy‐covariance measurements at Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a hyper‐arid region, and then ingested into WRF. The estimated roughness length is in the range 1.3–2.2 mm, one order smaller than the default value used in WRF. In line with previous studies, and from WRF model simulations during the warm and cold seasons, it is concluded that, when the roughness length is decreased by an order of magnitude, the horizontal wind speed increases by up to 1 m s−1, the surface temperature rises by up to 2.5°C, and the sensible heat flux decreases by as much as 10 W m−2. In comparison with in situ station and eddy covariance data, and when forced with the updated roughness length, WRF gives more accurate 2‐m air temperature and sensible heat flux predictions. For prevailing wind speeds >6 m s−1, the model underestimates the strength of the near‐surface wind, a tendency that can be partially corrected, typically by 1–3 m s−1, when the updated roughness length is considered. For low wind speeds (<4 m s−1), however, WRF generally overestimates the strength of the wind.
Electrical Resistivity Measurements of Fe‐Si With Implications for the Early Lunar Dynamo
Authors: Berrada Meryem , Secco Richard A. , Yong Wenjun , Littleton Joshua A. H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effect of impurities on the electrical resistivity of Fe at core conditions is controversial due to the challenges of measuring transport properties of Fe alloys under high‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions. In this study we describe an innovative technique to make wires of Fe‐Si samples initially in powder form for measuring electrical resistivity. The electrical resistivity of Fe‐2, Fe‐8.5, and Fe‐17 wt%Si was measured at 3, 4, and 5 GPa at temperatures into the liquid state and compared to results of Fe‐4.5 wt%Si and Fe from prior studies. Isothermal electrical resistivity increases linearly with increasing Si content. Yet the effect of Si content on the magnitude of the electrical resistivity compared to that of Fe diminished as temperature increased at all experimental pressures. This implies the contribution to the electrical resistivity due to Si impurities is dependent on temperature, in disagreement with Matthiessen's rule. Thermal conductivity of Fe‐Si alloys calculated using the Wiedemann‐Franz law indicates a nonnegligible influence of the Si content on the thermal conductive properties of Fe‐Si alloys. The results are used to calculate the adiabatic heat flux of an Fe‐Si lunar core and date the end of the high magnetic field intensity era of the lunar dynamo to be in the range 3.32–3.80 Ga.
The relevance of transdiagnostic shared networks to the severity of symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a multimodal brain imaging fusion study
Authors: Qi Shile , Bustillo Juan , Turner Jessica A. , Jiang Rongtao , Zhi Dongmei , Fu Zening , Deramus Thomas P. , Vergara Victor , Ma Xiaohong , Yang Xiao , Stevens Mike , Zhuo Chuanjun , Xu Yong , Calhoun Vince D. , Sui Jing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) is frequently concurrent with substance use, depressive symptoms, social communication and attention deficits. However, the relationship between common brain networks (e.g., SZ vs. substance use, SZ vs. depression, SZ vs. developmental disorders) with SZ on specific symptoms and cognition is unclear. Symptom scores were used as a reference to guide fMRI-sMRI fusion for SZ (n = 94), substance use with drinking (n = 313), smoking (n = 104), major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 260), developmental disorders with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 421) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 244) respectively. Common brain regions were determined by overlapping the symptom-related components between SZ and these other groups. Correlation between the identified common brain regions and cognition/symptoms in an independent SZ dataset (n = 144) was also performed. Results show that (1): substance use was related with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia through gray matter volume (GMV) in anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus; (2) depression was linked to PANSS negative dimensions and reasoning in SZ through a network involving caudate-thalamus-middle/inferior temporal gyrus in GMV; (3) developmental disorders pattern was correlated with poor attention, speed of processing and reasoning in SZ through inferior temporal gyrus in GMV. This study reveals symptom driven transdiagnostic shared networks between SZ and other mental disorders via multi-group data mining, indicating that some potential common underlying brain networks associated with schizophrenia differently with respect to symptoms and cognition. These results have heuristic value and advocate specific approaches to refine available treatment strategies for comorbid conditions in schizophrenia.
Harnessing nanomedicine to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
Authors: Sun Bo , Hyun Hyesun , Li Lian-tao , Wang Andrew Z 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has received extensive attention due to its ability to activate the innate or adaptive immune systems of patients to combat tumors. Despite a few clinical successes, further endeavors are still needed to tackle unresolved issues, including limited response rates, development of resistance, and immune-related toxicities. Accumulating evidence has pinpointed the tumor microenvironment (TME) as one of the major obstacles in cancer immunotherapy due to its detrimental impacts on tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Nanomedicine has been battling with the TME in the past several decades, and the experience obtained could be exploited to improve current paradigms of immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the metabolic features of the TME and its influence on different types of immune cells. The recent progress in nanoenabled cancer immunotherapy has been summarized with a highlight on the modulation of immune cells, tumor stroma, cytokines and enzymes to reverse the immunosuppressive TME.
Adaptive ERK signalling activation in response to therapy and in silico prognostic evaluation of EGFR-MAPK in HNSCC
Authors: Rong Chao , Muller Marie F. , Xiang Fang , Jensen Alexandra , Weichert Wilko , Major Gerald , Plinkert Peter K. , Hess Jochen , Affolter Annette 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients frequently develop treatment resistance to cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody against EGFR, as well as radiotherapy. Here we addressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) regulation by cetuximab or fractionated irradiation (IR) and conducted in silico prognostic evaluation of the EGFR-MAPK axis in HNSCC.

Methods
Expression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK1/2) was determined in HNSCC cell lines, which were treated with cetuximab or fractionated-IR. Furthermore, the effect of fractionated IR on pERK1/2 was confirmed in an ex vivo HNSCC tissue culture model. Expression and prognostic significance of EGFR-ERK axis was evaluated in a cohort of radiotherapy plus cetuximab-treated HNSCC. Correlations among EGFR-MAPK signalling components and association between transcript and protein expression profiles and patient survival in HNSCC were analysed using publicly available databases.

Results
ERK1/2 phosphorylation was rebounded by prolonged cetuximab administration and was induced by fractionated IR, which could be suppressed by a MEK inhibitor as a radiosensitiser. In silico assessments suggested that EGFR-MAPK cascade genes and proteins could predict HNSCC patients’ survival as a prognostic signature.

Conclusions
Activation of ERK1/2 signalling contributes to the cellular defence of HNSCC against cetuximab and fractionated IR treatment. EGFR-MAPK axis has a prognostic significance in HNSCC.