bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium Ion Insertion/Extraction Properties of Sn-Co Anodes and Na Pre-Doped Sn-Co Anodes
Authors: Yui Yuhki , Ono Yoko , Hayashi Masahiko , Nemoto Yasue , Hayashi Katsuya , Asakura Kaoru , Kitabayashi Hiroto 
Published: February 2020

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are anticipated as promising alternatives to replace lithium-ion batteries. There are many reports on anode materials for SIBs, such as hard carbon and tin [1,2]. However, there are hardly any reports on materials that provide both high capacity and stable cycle property. In this study, we focused on Sn-Co as an anode for SIBs. Sn-Co has been reported as a good anode for lithium ion batteries [3].
We investigated electrochemical properties of Sn-Co, and examined the correlation between the cycle performance and the binders of electrode component materials. A working electrode was prepared by mixing Sn-Co, Ketjen Black EC600JD, and polyvinylidene di fluoride (PVdF) or polyacrylic acid (PAA). Sodium metal was used for the counter electrodes.
Figure 1(a) shows the first discharge-charge curves of Na/Sn-Co cells incorporating PAA or PVdF as binder. The first capacities of electrode incorporating PAA and PVdF were 505 and 569 mAh/g, respectively. Na/Sn-Co cells using both binders showed two distinct plateaus (about 0.6 and 0.2 V), and the plateau regions were similar to a two phase equilibrium in Na-Sn alloy [2].
Figure 1(b) shows cycle properties of Na/Sn-Co cells incorporating PAA or PVdF as binder. The electrode incorporating PAA showed a better cycle property than the one incorporating PVdF. The discharge capacity of the former reached about 300 mAh/g after 30 cycles. This good cycle performance is attributed to buffering of the volume change during insertion and extraction of sodium ions because of the porous structure of PAA [4].
In addition, a large irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle in Na/Sn-Co cells (binder: PAA or PVdF) was observed. We tried sodium pre-doping to reduce the irreversible capacity and found that the pre-doping technique greatly reduced it. The detailed results will be shown at the meeting.
References

[1] S. Komaba et al., Electrochem. Commun.,
21, 65 (2012).
[2] L. D. Ellis et al., J. Electrochem. Soc.,
159, A1801 (2012).
[3] N. Tamura et al., Electrochim. Acta,
49, 1949 (2004).
[4] Y.-S. Park et al., J. Power Sources, 248, 1191 (2014).
Acknowledgement
We are grateful to Mitsubishi Materials Corp. for supplying Sn-Co.
Relationship Between the Structural Evolution and Electrochemical Properties of NaxFe0.5Mn0.5O2 (0.67≤x≤0.83) As the Cathode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Bie Xiao , Wei Yingjin , Du Fei 
Published: February 2020

Motivated by the demand for the high energy density battery and low cost, Na-ion batteries have attracted much interest in recent years. Search for the new Na-ion insertion materials are the key elements to achieve the practical Na-ion batteries. Following the concept of Li-ion batteries, a series of layered NaMO2 (M=Co, Mn, Cr, V and Fe) materials have been proposed to show the good electrochemical performance. [1]
NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 has been considered as one of the most perspective cathode materials for Na-ion batteries.[1] Based on the coordination of Na ions, NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 shows two different types of crystal structures: P2 type for Na0.67Fe0.5Mn0.5O2 (space group P63/mmc) and O3 type for Na0.83Fe0.5Mn0.5O2 (space group R-3m). Furthermore, the variation of the valence state and the effect of Jahn-Teller distortion for high-spin Fe4+ (t2g
3eg
1) and Mn3+ (t2g
3eg
1) ions, induced by different content of Na ions, have a strong impact on the electrochemical performance for NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2. Hence, it is very meaningful to study the structural evolution between P2-Na0.67Fe1/2Mn1/2O2 and O3-Na0.83Fe1/2Mn1/2O2 and its influence on the electrochemical performance as the cathode materials for Na-ions batteries.
In this study, we presented a comprehensive study on the synthesis, crystal and electronic structure, and electrochemical properties for NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 (0.67≤x≤0.83) by means of Rietveld analysis, Raman spectra, XPS, magnetic susceptibility, discharge/charge and CV measurements. We focus on the structural insights we have obtained for NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 with different Na ions contents using conventional, as shown in Figure 1, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. We also discuss the impact of structural evolution on the electronic structure and electrochemical properties for NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 (0.67≤x≤0.83). The possible implications of our findings for the practical application of these materials as the cathode materials are also evaluated.

Reference:

[1] Naoaki Yabuuchi, Masataka Kajiyama, Junichi Iwatate, Nature materials, 11, 512, 2012
Sn-Doped Hard Carbon As a Practical Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yunxiao , Chou Shulei , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue 
Published: February 2020

Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting extensively interest as a promise post lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Amongst all the reported anode materials, there is no doubt that hard carbon (HC), equivalently to graphite in LIBs, is the most potential material to realize practical commercialization. The main challenge is its low specific capacity (~280 mAh g-1) [1]. Another potential anode, tin, adversely is capable to deliver high capacity while very poor cycling stability [2]. Therefore, doping small amount Sn into HC is expected to achieve higher capacity and maintain prolonged cycling life as well.
Herein, we prepare Sn-doped HC anode by evaporating rotation method, with SnCl2 and sucrose as raw sources. The obtained black powered is annealing by tube furnace under Ar atmosphere. The designed weight ratio of Sn in the mixture is 15 %. As shown in Figure 1, Sn-doped HC shows much better electrochemical performance than HC, delivering a higher capacity of ~350 mAh g-1over 70 cycles. Furthermore, different Sn-doped amount and various electrolytes would be applied in the future, aiming to reach the optimal performance of this anode.
[1]S.Komaba, W. Murata, T. Ishikawa, N. Yabuuchi, T. Ozeki, T. Nakayama, A. Ogata, K. Gotoh, K. Fujiwara. Adv. Funct. Mater.
2011, 21, 3859-3867.
[2] T. Yamamoto, T. Nohira, R. Hagiwara, A. Fukunaga, S. Sakai, K. Nitta, S. Inazawa. J. Power Sources
2012, 217, 479-484.

Figure.1 Cycling performances of Sn-doped HC and HC with 1.0 M NaClO4 in propylene carbonate (PC) / ethylene carbonate (EC) 1:1 (weight ratio).
Importance of Carbonaceous Material for Enhanced Cycling Stability of Cobalt Oxide Anode
Authors: Choi Woo-Sung , Chang Wonyoung , Shin Heon-Cheol 
Published: February 2020

Transition metal oxide anode (MxOy, M=Fe, Co, Ni or Cu) has been considered as one of the most promising options for high performance lithium ion batteries due primarily to its large specific capacity. However, its practical use is seriously hindered because the formation of electrical insulating lithia matrix and large volume change during lithiation/delithiation process cause poor energy efficiency and reduced cycling stability, respectively. In order to figure out such problems, there are a number of studies about the composite of nano-sized active materials and various carbon-based conducting materials (e.g.graphine). The recent researches about different conducting materials revealed that performance of transition metal oxide anode is very sensitive to the content of conducting materials. Nevertheless, the in-depth study about the conducting material effect on electrochemical property has not been carried out yet.
In this work, the effect of conducting material on reaction mechanism of cobalt oxide with lithium is investigated. For this purpose, electrochemical properties of samples containing different amounts of conducting materials were analyzed by using electrochemical techniques such as chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, and impedance spectroscopy. In addition, their crystal structures were characterized as a function of depth of discharge. From these results, it is suggested that there is another delithiation mechanism competing with typical one to reach delithiated cobalt oxide. It is proved that the larger amounts of conducting material makes it more activated.
In this presentation, the difference in reaction mechanism between the cobalt oxides with and without conductive material will be suggested. Moreover, capacity fading mechanism of cobalt oxide will be accordingly discussed.
Iron Fluoride Hydrate As Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Secondary Batteries and Its Characterization
Authors: Ali Ghulam , Kim Ji-Young , Chang Wonyoung , Cho Byung-Won , Chung Kyung Yoon 
Published: February 2020

In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to develop rechargeable batteries to use for large scale applications such as in electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Lithium ion batteries have been the most popular and widely used batteries in portable devices like cell phones, laptops, etc. However, it has some constraints to be used for large scale applications as the cost for the raw materials for lithium is expensive. There have been ongoing studies searching for alternative shuttle ions and sodium can be one of the possible substitutes since it is more abundant and cheaper. Besides, transition metal fluorides are expected to deliver larger capacities compared to metal oxides as they can utilize more than one oxidation states of transition metal ions resulting in accommodating more than one shuttle ions, which is Na.
Iron fluoride hydrate was prepared at low temperature with non aqueous precipitation method using ionic liquid as a soft template. Iron fluoride hydrate with in situ coating of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and reduced graphite oxide (rGO) were also prepared. Single phase iron fluoride hydrate was successfully prepared and it was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Morphologies of the samples and nanoparticles growth around the MWNTs are observed by SEM. Thermal analysis of iron fluoride hydrate was measured using TGA and in depth analysis on the thermal structural changes were monitored by temperature dependent in situ XRD. Temperature dependent in situ XRD provides valuable information of the structure change and its decomposition mechanism of iron f iron fluoride hydrate at elevated temperature. Electrochemical measurements of iron fluoride hydrate electrodes coated with MWNT and rGO against sodium metal were performed in galvanoststic mode. The cells were disassembled at different discharged and charged potentials for ex situ characterizations e.g. XRD, NEXAFS and XANES to determine the electrochemical reaction mechanism. More details will be discussed at the meeting.
Performance and Mechanism of Negative Electrodes Based on p-Group Elements for Na Batteries
Authors: Monconduit Laure , Darwiche Ali , Sougrati Moulay-Tahar , Stievano Lorenzo , Fullenwarth Julien , Fraisse Bernard , Donnadieu Bruno 
Published: February 2020

Na-based storage systems working at ambient temperature have recently regained interest. Even though most recent research on Na-ion systems has concentrated on the development of positive electrode materials, several works have appeared on negative electrode materials, mostly based on the insertion of Na into hard carbon structures developing a capacity as high as ~300 mAh/g.[1, 2] However, the large ionic radius of Na+ with respect to Li+leads to a higher volume expansion upon cycling, which is expected to strongly affect insertion reactions as well as alloying or conversion reactions. Surprisingly Sn- and Sb-based electrodes recently showed to be a viable alternative to hard carbon, providing very interesting performances with reversible capacities largely exceeding 400 mAh/g.[3-5]
Starting from our expertise in alloys electrode materials for LiB, we have investigated several phases containing P, Sb and/or Sn as electrode materials for Na batteries. Electrodes based on bare commercial antimony or on ball milled SnSb can sustain over 150 cycles at C/2 vs. Na without any capacity fading.[6-7] Recently we demonstrated that phosphides show also promising electrochemical features in Na batteries.[8]
The thorough investigation of both mechanism and performances of these systems will be presented. The good electrochemical performances of such electrode materials are very surprising if one take into account the huge volume expansion expected from the reaction with Na (200-400 %). Moreover, this investigation reveals intriguing reaction mechanisms, differing from those commonly observed in analogous Li-ion systems and not always corresponding to those expected from the known equilibrium phase diagrams of Na-Sn, Na-Sb or Na-P.

References:

1. S. Komaba, W. Murata, T. Ishikawa, N. Yabuuchi, T. Ozeki, T. Nakayama, A. Ogata, K. Gotoh, K. Fujiwara, Adv. Funct. Mater., 21 (2011) 3859
2. A. Ponrouch, A.R. Goñi, M. Rosa Palacín, Electrochem. Comm., 27 (2013) 85
3. L. Xiao, Y. Cao, J. Xiao, W. Wang, L. Kovarik, Z. Nie, J. Liu, Chem. Commun., 48 (2012) 3321
4. J. Qian, Y. Chen, L. Wu, Y. Cao, X. Ai, H. Yang, Chem. Commun., 48 (2012) 7070
5. S. Komaba, Y. Matsuura, T. Ishikawa, N. Yabuuchi, W. Murata, S. Kuze, Electrochem. Comm., 21 (2012) 65
6. A. Darwiche, C. Marino, M.T. Sougrati, B. Fraisse, L. Stievano, L. Monconduit, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 134 (2012) 20805
7. A. Darwiche, M. T. Sougrati, B. Fraisse,

L. Stievano, L. Monconduit Electrochem. Comm., (2013) 18–21
8. J.Fullenwarth, A. Darwiche,

A. Soares,

B. Donnadieu,
L. Monconduit

accepted at J. Mat. Chem. (2013), DOI:10.1039/C3TA13976J
Cobalt Oxide Nanorod Anode for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Kim Seong-Jun , Shin Heon-Cheol 
Published: February 2020

Nanomaterials with one-dimensional (1-D) structure have been extensively studied as electrode materials for such functional electrochemical devices as sensors, supercapacitors, and rechargeable batteries. In particular, the nanorod electrode is considered as one of the most promising options for thin film lithium batteries because of its enhanced structural stability during lithiation/delithiation cycling and rate capability.
Template–assisted methods using anodic aluminum oxide or polycarbonate have been usually used for the synthesis of nanorod electrodes. However, the use of template typically makes the preparation procedure complex and resulted often in unintended aggregation of nanorods after the template removal.
This work focuses on the preparation of the cobalt-based nanorod arrays for the anode in lithium ion batteries by a template-free electrochemical synthesis of cobalt nanorod and its subsequent oxidation. Cobalt electro-deposit showed different growth habit depending on the deposition parameters of temperature, current density and bath chemistry, and well-defined 1-D nanorod structure was successfully fabricated under their careful control. The following thermal oxidation of the cobalt nanorod led to cobalt/cobalt oxide bilayer composites with little change in its macroscopic structure.
In this presentation, the morphology and structure of the as-prepared pure cobalt nanorod and its oxidized product (i.e., cobalt / cobalt oxide nanorod composite) will be presented. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of nanorod composites will be discussed on the basis of the cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge-discharge curves, and electrochemical impedance spectra. The rate performance and long-term cycling stability of the nanorod composites will be particularly highlighted.
References
1. M. Nishizawa, K. Mukai, S. Kuwabata, C.R. Martin, H. Yoneyama.
J Electrochem Soc,144 (1997) 1923 - 1927
2. P. Poizot et al., Nature 407 (2000) 496 – 499
I
n Situ X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C Nanocomposite for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Xuehang , Yang Yong 
Published: February 2020

The sodium-ion batteries (SIB) have attracted wide interest as a competitive alternative to Li-ion batteries for electric energy storage applications due to low cost and wide availability of sodium resources [1]. The new mixed-polyanion phosphate phases Na4M3(PO4)2(P2O7) (M = transition metal) are considered as promising candidates [2]. Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) shows a high average discharge voltage around 3.2 V, which is higher than 3.0 V for Na2FePO4F, 3.0 V for Na2FeP2O7, 2.7 V for olivine NaFePO4, and 2.4 V for amorphous FePO4
[3].
In this work, we prepared the Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C nanocomposite by a facile sol-gel route. Typically, 0.01 mol Fe powder and 0.015 mol citric acid were mixed firstly in 30 mL deionized water under vigorous magnetic stirring at 80 oC. Then stoichiometric amounts of NaH2PO4·2H2O (0.0133 mol) was added into the solution and stirred at 80 oC for 2 h. 0.01 mol ethylene glycol was added into the solution and the oil bath temperature was increased to 120 oC and kept for 2 h for gel formation. After the drying process, the obtained xerogel was calcined at 500, 600 oC for 10 h in a flowing argon atmosphere to obtain the products, respectively.
The structural evolution and electrochemical Na extraction/insertion mechanism of Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) electrode for sodium ion batteries during the charge and discharge processes were investigated by using the in situX-ray diffraction. As shown in Fig. 1, the results confirm that Na extraction/insertion reaction proceeds via a one-phase process.
Fig. 1 The in situ X-ray diffraction patterns of the Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C electrode during the 1st charge/discharge process.
Acknowledgements
Financial support from National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, Grant No. 2011CB935903) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21233004 and 21021002) are gratefully acknowledged.
References
[1] B. Dunn, H. Kamath, J.M. Tarascon, Science 334 (2011) 928.
[2] F. Sanz, C. Parada, J.M. Rojo, C. Ruíz-Valero, Chemistry of Materials 13 (2001) 1334.
[3] H. Kim, I. Park, D.H. Seo, S. Lee, S.W. Kim, W.J. Kwon, Y.U. Park, C.S. Kim, S.W. Jeon, K. Kang, Journal of the American Chemical Society 134 (2012) 10369.
Improvement of Li Metal Anode Cycleability By Na+ Addition in Electrolyte
Authors: Yang Yifu , Chen Chen , Shao Huixia 
Published: February 2020

Li metal is an ideal anode material for Li batteries because of its low redox potential, lightest equivalent weight, and high specific capacity[1]. However, in aprotic electrolytes, dendrite formation and low coulomb efficiency of Li in charge-discharge cycles have been reported to primarily limits the development of rechargeable Li metal batteries[2]. Adding selected cations into electrolyte, such as Na+, Al3+, Sn2+, Mg2+, has been studied as an effective method to suppress dendrite growth and increase the coulombic efficiency [3-5].
In this work, Li deposition and oxidation characteristics in electrolyte of 1M LiClO4 / EC+DMC (1:1) added with 0.1M NaClO4 was studied on a novel substrate, this substrate was a Li-Zn alloy substrate prepared via in-situ deposition of Li on ultrasonic assisted electrodeposited Zn layer. The galvanostatic charge-discharge testing results indicate that adding of a small amount of Na+ into the electrolyte can increase the potential of Li deposition and reduce the oxidation potential of the deposited Li, and the Li-Zn alloy substrate formed in this way can effectively improve the morphology of the Li deposit. On the basis of both of these two efforts, the charge-discharge cycleability of Li is thus greatly improved with high coulombic efficiency. The effect and cycleability of the substrate formation on the morphology of the deposited Li layer , the mechanism of the addition of Na+in electrolyte on Li deposition and the characteristics of the SEI film formed on the Li-Zn alloy are studied in detail.
Fig. 1 Charge/discharge profile of Li on Li-Zn substrate in different electrolytes.

References

[1] S. Chandrashekar, Nicole M. Trease, Hee Jung Chang, Lin-Shu Du, Clare P. Grey, A. Jerschow, Nat. Mater. 11 (2012) 311-315.
[2] Y. Lu, S. K. Das, S. S. Moganty, L. A. Archer, Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 4430-4435.
[3] J. K. Stark, Y. Ding, P. A. Kohl, J. Electrochem. Soc. 160 (2013) D337-D342.
[4] M. Ishikawa, M. Morita, Y. Matsuda, J. Power Sources 68 (1997) 501-505.
[5] M. Ishikawa, S.-i. Machino, M. Morita, J. Electroanal. Chem. 473 (1999) 279-284.
Statement:
The novelty of this work: (1) in-site formation of Li-Zn alloy substrate is a novel substrate for Li cycling with improved morphology; (2) Na+ addition into the electrolyte can improve the cycling performance of Li.
Relating topic: Electrode Materials (Li batteries anode)
Na3V2(PO4)3 Nanofibers As a High Performance Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Battery
Authors: Yang JungHoon , Han Dong-Wook , Kang Yong-Mook 
Published: February 2020

Sodium ion batteries have emerged as attractive and potential energy storage systems to substitute lithium ion battery especially in large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) based on abundance and low cost of sodium source.
However, ionic radius of Na+ is larger than Li+, the structure of materials becomes more important when Na+ is inserted into or extracted from the material. Thus, it seems very necessary to introduce adequate material that has structural stability to express good electrochemical performance.
Recently, sodium super ion conductor (NASICON) - Na3V2(PO4)3 have attained much interest because it possesses large interstitial spaces through which sodium ion can diffuse. Na3V2(PO4)3 shows 118mAh/g theoretical discharge capacity at 3.4 V vs Na/Na+ in V4+/V3+ redox couple. However, its low electrical conductivity due to phosphate, significantly limits its electrochemical performance. So, the realization of theoretical capacities is difficult. In addition, Na3V2(PO4)3 shows severe capacity fading at high rate because of its low sodium ion diffusivity. These structural properties limit its electrochemical performance and practical applications, especially when rate performance is a prerequisite.
We noticed that a 1D morphology and structure on an electrode material can effectively enhance its electrochemical performance by enhancing electronic/ionic conductivity, the benefits of 1D have well demonstrated in lithium ion batteries electrode materials.
In this point of view, we prepare the electrospun nanofibers of NASICON-Na3V2(PO4)3 through a typical electrospinning technique and report on the correlation between its improved electrochemical properties and the morphological feature of nanofibers.