bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual and single hedging strategy: a novel comparison from the direct and cross hedging perspective
Authors: Feng Yun , Cui Yan 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to deeply study and compare the dual and single hedging strategy, from the direct and cross hedging perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe authors not only first consider the dual hedge of integrated risks in this oil prices and foreign exchange rates setting but also make a novel comparison between the dual and single hedging strategy from a direct and cross hedging perspective. In total, six econometric models (to conduct one-step-ahead out-of-sample rolling estimation of the optimal hedge ratio) and two hedging performance criteria are employed in two different hedging backgrounds (direct and cross hedging).FindingsResults show that in the direct hedging background, a dual hedge cannot outperform the single hedge. But in the cross dual hedging setting, a dual hedge performs much better, possibly because the dual hedge brings different levels of advantages and disadvantages in the two different settings and the superiority of the dual hedge is more obvious in the cross dual hedging setting.Originality/valueThe existing literature that deals with oil prices and foreign exchange rates mostly concentrates on their relationship and comovements, while the dual hedge of integrated risks in this setting remains underresearched. Besides, the existing literature that deals with dual hedge gets its conclusions only based on a single specific background (direct or cross hedging) and lacks deeper investigation. In this paper, the authors expand the width and depth of the existing literature. Results and implications are revealing.
The effects of Medicaid on access to care and adherence to recommended preventive services
Authors: Hill Steven C. , Abdus Salam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the impact of Medicaid enrollment on access to care and adherence to recommended preventive services.Data Source2005‐2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component.Study DesignWe examined several access measures and utilization of several preventive services within the past year and within the time frame recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force, if more than a year. We estimated local average treatment effects of Medicaid enrollment using a new, two‐stage regression model developed by Nguimkeu, Denteh, and Tchernis. This model accounts for both endogenous and underreported Medicaid enrollment by using a partial observability bivariate probit regression as the first stage. We identify the model with an exogenous measure of Medicaid eligibility, the simulated Medicaid eligibility rate by state, year, and parents vs childless adults. A wide range of changes in Medicaid eligibility occurred during the time period studied.Data Collection/Extraction methodsSample of low‐income, nonelderly adults not receiving disability benefits.Principal FindingsMedicaid enrollment decreased the probability of having unmet needs for medical care by 7.5 percentage points and the probability of experiencing delays getting prescription drugs by 7.7 percentage points. Medicaid enrollment increased the probability of having a usual source of care by 16.5 percentage points, the probability of having a routine checkup by 17.1 percentage points, and the probability of having a flu shot in past year by 12.6 percentage points.ConclusionMedicaid enrollment increased access to care and use of some preventive services. Additional research is needed on impacts for subgroups, such as parents, childless adults, and the smaller and generally older populations for whom screening tests are recommended.
Restricted mean survival time as a function of restriction time
Authors: Zhong Yingchao , Schaubel Douglas E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRestricted mean survival time (RMST) is a clinically interpretable and meaningful survival metric that has gained popularity in recent years. Several methods are available for regression modeling of RMST, most based on pseudo‐observations or what is essentially an inverse‐weighted complete‐case analysis. No existing RMST regression method allows for the covariate effects to be expressed as functions over time. This is a considerable limitation, in light of the many hazard regression methods that do accommodate such effects. To address this void in the literature, we propose RMST methods that permit estimating time‐varying effects. In particular, we propose an inference framework for directly modeling RMST as a continuous function of L. Large‐sample properties are derived. Simulation studies are performed to evaluate the performance of the methods in finite sample sizes. The proposed framework is applied to kidney transplant data obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients.
Evaluation of lymphatic flow pattern using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in a highly metastatic mouse model
Authors: Yamamoto Masashi , Taniguchi Kohei , Tominaga Tomo , Shibata Masa‐Aki , Inomata Yosuke , Komura Kazumasa , Osumi Wataru , Hamamoto Hiroki , Tanaka Keitaro , Okuda Junji , Uchiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently, the feasibility of real‐time indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging–guided complete mesocolic excision in colon cancer surgery has been demonstrated; however, its application to the evaluation of lymphatic flow in widespread lymph node metastasis is uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate lymphatic flow using the real‐time ICG fluorescence imaging. A mouse model of subcutaneous inoculation of BJMC3879Luc2 cells, which have been demonstrated to highly metastasize to the lymph nodes, was used as an evaluation model. Tumor growth and lymphatic flow were monitored weekly by bioluminescent imaging and near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, respectively. After sacrificing the mice, lymph node metastases were evaluated by bioluminescent imaging and histopathology. Lymphatic flows in a model of high lymph node metastasis were evaluated using NIR fluorescence imaging. Pathological metastases of bilateral axillary, femoral, and para‐aortic lymph nodes were detected in all inoculated mice (100%: 5/5). Real‐time NIR fluorescence imaging showed the primary lymphatic vessels staining through the metastatic lymph nodes as before the inoculation of the cancer cells. Hitherto, it has been considered that lymphatic flow was changed using the bypass pathway due to occlusion of the primary lymphatic vessels. In this presented study, real‐time ICG fluorescence imaging showed no changes in lymphatic flow after lymph node metastasis. Our results suggest that real‐time ICG fluorescence imaging may have potential for the guidance of colon cancer surgery in cases of widespread lymph node metastasis.
Association of beta‐hydroxybutyrate with development of heart failure: Sex differences in a Dutch population cohort
Authors: Flores‐Guerrero Jose L. , Westenbrink Berend Daan , Connelly Margery A. , Otvos James D. , Groothof Dion , Shalaurova Irina , Garcia Erwin , Navis Gerjan , de Boer Rudolf A. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Dullaart Robin P. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the failing heart, energy metabolism is shifted towards increased ketone body oxidation. Nevertheless, the association of beta‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐OHB) with development of heart failure (HF) remains unclear. We investigated the association between plasma β‐OHB and the risk of HF in a prospective population‐based cohort.DesignPlasma β‐OHB concentrations were measured in 6134 participants of the PREVEND study. Risk of incident HF with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction was estimated using multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models.ResultsDuring median follow‐up for 8.2 years, 227 subjects were diagnosed with HF (137 with HFrEF; 90 with HFpEF). Cox regression analyses revealed a significant association of higher β‐OHB concentrations with incident HF (HR per 1 standard deviation increase, 1.40 (95% CI: 1.21‐1.63; P < .001), which was largely attributable to HFrEF. In women, the hazard ratio (HR) for HFrEF per 1 standard deviation increase in β‐OHB was 1.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17‐2.56, P = .005) in age, BMI, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction, smoking, alcohol consumption, total cholesterol, HDL‐C, triglycerides, glucose, eGFR and UAE adjusted analysis. In men, in the same fully adjusted analysis, the HR was 1.14 (CI: 0.86‐1.53, P = .36) (P < .01 for sex interaction). In N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP)‐stratified analysis, the age‐adjusted association with HF was significant in women with higher NT‐proBNP levels (P = .008).ConclusionsThis prospective study suggests that high plasma concentrations of β‐OHB are associated with an increased risk of HFrEF, particularly in women. The mechanisms responsible for the sex differences of this association warrant further study.
The Functions and Legitimization of Suffering in Calais, France
Authors: Keen David Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe instrumentalisation of disaster – long considered a feature of wars and famines in Africa, for example – has now been brought right into the heart of Europe. Suffering in Calais has been manipulated for the purpose of deterrence and for domestic political purposes, and forms part of a wider system of outsourcing violence and suffering that has been legitimised through Arendt’s “action as propaganda” and through perverse distributions of shame.
Text network analysis of research topics and trends on global health nursing literature from 1974 ‐2017
Authors: Hong Hye Sun , Lee Soo‐Kyoung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between keywords in existing global health nursing studies during 44 years (1974–2017) and to develop schematic diagrams of the relationship between these keywords from a macro perspective. It is to identify the trend of the literature in global health nursing field.DesignA descriptive bibliometric analysis of publications in global health nursing.MethodsThe keywords from 7,115 articles and literatures were examined using the Text Rank Analyzer via the applied text network analysis with NetMiner 4.0.ResultsAs for global health nursing, keywords with the most frequent appearance and the highest networking degree in centrality were ‘study’, ‘patient’, ‘nurse’, and ‘women’. Six central keywords were also found highly related to other keywords: ‘global health nursing’, ‘study’, ‘patient’, ‘care’, ‘nurse’, and ‘education’. By measuring the degree of keywords connected to other keywords in centrality, six clusters were established. Then, emerging topics assessed by time periods were identified as follows: the beginning phase (‘breastfeeding’, ‘women’, and ‘children’), the development phase (‘quality’, ‘life’, and ‘human immunodeficiency virus’), the maturation phase (‘mental health’, ‘depression’, and ‘global health’), and the expansion phase (‘pregnancy’, ‘palliative care’, and ‘infectious disease’).ConclusionThe identified trends on this study will help nurse leaders to grasp the trends and insights for global health and to train future nurses to serve clients better in the practice fields.ImpactKeywords with the highest appearance and centrality in the network were found in the global health articles. The bibliometric analysis showed various subjects according to the following phases: beginning development maturation and expansion. The awareness of the trend change in the global health helps nursing researchers and educators modify the curriculum of global health nursing and train future nurses to be equipped with the global health competencies.
Stroke disease‐specific quality of life trajectories after rehabilitation discharge and their sociodemographic and clinical associations: A longitudinal, multicentre study
Authors: Pucciarelli Gianluca , Brugnera Agostino , Greco Andrea , Petrizzo Antonello , Simeone Silvio , Vellone Ercole , Alvaro Rosaria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the longitudinal growth trajectories of disease‐specific quality of life (QoL) dimensions and their associations over 1 year.DesignA longitudinal design. Data were collected between February 2015‐May 2017.MethodsFour hundred and fifteen stroke survivors (mean age 70.6 years; 81% ischaemic stroke) were recruited after discharge from rehabilitation hospitals and were followed up every 3 months for 1 year. Changes in Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) dimension scores were evaluated using hierarchical linear models (HLMs) and linear, logarithmic, quadratic, and cubic time slope.ResultsWe observed a significant linear and quadratic increase in most SIS dimensions from the baseline to 12‐month follow‐up, especially in physical dimensions. The communication dimension was stable over time, while the memory dimension increased only linearly. Higher physical dimension scores were significantly associated with lower age, hypercholesterolaemia, and better physical functioning at baseline, while higher communication was associated with lower age, better physical functioning, and a diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease. Better memory was associated with lower age, married status, better physical functioning, and left‐hemisphere stroke. Better participation was associated with lower age and better physical functioning. No significant associations were observed for emotion.ConclusionsThis study provides important information about the trajectories of stroke survivors' specific QoL and their associated variables.ImpactStroke has a great impact on stroke survivors' QoL. Disease‐specific QoL significantly increases from the baseline to 12‐month follow‐up, especially in physical dimensions. Lower age, hypercholesterolaemia, better physical functioning, and diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease seem to be associated with better QoL. Through the analyses of associated variables, we identified stroke survivors who are more at risk and who need more tailored interventions to improve their physical, psychological, emotional, and social dimensions.
Prevalence and risk factors for sessile serrated lesions in an average risk colorectal cancer screening population
Authors: Lui Rashid N , Kyaw Moe H , Lam Thomas Y T , Ching Jessica Y L , Chan Victor C W , Wong Martin C S , Sung Joseph J Y 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe reported prevalence and risk factors for sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) show significant variation. We aimed to specifically study the prevalence and potential risk factors of SSLs in an average risk colorectal cancer (CRC) screening population of Chinese subjects.MethodsThis is a case–control study of prospectively collected data from a territory‐wide colorectal screening program in Hong Kong. Information on risk factors was obtained from questionnaires completed prior to screening colonoscopy. We compared subjects with SSLs against controls without these lesions to identify potential risk factors using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 12 039 asymptomatic screening subjects, 6011 subjects received a screening colonoscopy with 2214 subjects (36.8%) having conventional adenomas, 486 subjects (8.1%) having hyperplastic polyps, and 85 subjects (1.4%) having SSLs only. Of these subjects, three had synchronous advanced adenomas and were excluded from the analysis. More than 60% of these lesions were in the proximal colon. We compared these 82 subjects with SSLs only and 3226 controls without any polyps. After multivariable logistic regression, age ≥ 66 years, smoking, and diabetes mellitus (DM) were significant independent risk factors for SSLs.ConclusionIn this study, we report the prevalence of SSLs to be 1.4%. Age ≥ 66 years, smoking, and DM were independent risk factors for these lesions. Our findings provide relevant new data that should be taken into consideration when designing region‐specific surveillance programs for SSLs with the ultimate goal of reducing the risk of CRC.
Evaluation of partial area under the curve in bioequivalence studies using destructive sampling design
Authors: Martinez Marilyn N. , Gao Shasha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProduct blood‐level in vivo bioequivalence (BE) studies typically involve complete blood concentration–time profiles generated for each subject. Accordingly, each subject provides the estimates of the rate and extent of drug absorption. However, repeated blood draws are not always feasible for studies using small animals because of handling or blood volume (e.g., fish or in toxicokinetic studies when only single samples can be taken per animal). Although several proposals have been published for comparing the product extent of absorption, the issue of comparative absorption rates remains unresolved. In this paper, we propose to apply the Bailer–Satterthwaite–Fieller confidence interval for estimating the ratio of partial area under the curve in studies that use a destructive sampling design (one blood sample per subject). To characterize the behavior of this alternative approach, we examine the impact of partial area cutoff time, blood sampling schedule, and the number of subjects included at each sampling time. Using simulated situations reflective of the issues encountered with immediate‐release veterinary formulations, we compare BE conclusions resulting from the use of this approach with simulated results that assuming repeated blood draws from each study subject.
Comparison of skin cancer awareness and sun protection behaviours between renal transplant recipients and patients with glomerular disease treated with immunosuppressants
Authors: Thet Zaw , Lam Alfred K. , Ng Shu‐Kay , Aung Soe Yu , Han Thin , Ranganathan Dwarakanathan , Borg Jennifer , Pepito Christine , Khoo Tien K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is no previous study that compare skin cancer awareness and photoprotective behaviours between renal transplant recipients (RTR) and patients with glomerular disease (GD).Objectives/MethodsSixty‐one RTR and 51 patients with GD were given a self‐reported questionnaire to evaluate skin cancer awareness and photoprotective behaviours in this cross‐sectional study. The former group received a formal education on skin cancer and the latter an informal session prior to immunosuppressant use.ResultsNinety‐three percent (n = 57) of RTRs and 88% (n = 45) of patients with GD responded to the survey. Majority of participants from both groups were aware that ultraviolet radiation could play a role in the occurrence of skin cancers and the awareness increased in participants with higher education (odds ratio [OR] = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15‐1.95, P = .003). Ninety‐eight percent vs 71% were aware that immunosuppressants can increase the risk of developing cancer (P < .001) and higher awareness was noted in younger participants (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87‐0.97, P = .003). Suboptimal photoprotective behaviours (sun avoidance, sunscreen usage and sun‐protective clothing) were noted in both cohorts and slightly lower sun protection rates were reported in RTR when compared with patients having GD. The level of sun protective measures in RTR based on high, moderate and minimal use of photoprotective measures were 21%, 46% and 33%, respectively. In terms of patients with GD, the latter practices were 13%, 50% and 37%, respectively (P = .560). Higher educational status was significantly associated with better sunscreen usage in RTR (P = .017) whereas this finding was not observed in patients with GD.ConclusionPatients with GD and RTR should have formal education on the risks of skin cancers before starting immunosuppressants. Follow‐up education and surveillance is required to improve skin protective practices in these patients.
Cuffed endotracheal tubes in neonates and infants of less than 3 kg body weight—A retrospective audit
Authors: Zander Désirée , Grass Beate , Weiss Markus , Buehler Philipp K. , Schmitz Achim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLarge prospective clinical studies have shown that modern cuffed pediatric tracheal tubes can be used safely, even in children weighing ≥3 kg. There is a growing interest in their use in children weighing <3 kg so that they, too, can benefit from the potential advantages, particularly the high probability of these tubes fitting into and sealing the pediatric airway at the first intubation attempt. This study aimed to find a cut‐off body weight for procedures requiring a cuffed tracheal tube to seal the airway in children weighing <3 kg and to evaluate the frequency and predictive factors for the requirement to place a cuffed instead of an uncuffed tracheal tube.MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis of 269 children weighing 2000–2999 g, primarily intubated by pediatric anesthetists. Frequency of intubation with uncuffed Sheridan tubes versus cuffed Microcuff® Pediatric Endotracheal Tube (PET) 3.0 mm ID was studied. Predictive variables were assessed by means of logistic regression analysis. The ROC curve for weight at intubation time and Youden index was calculated.ResultsThe 149 (55.4%) children were finally intubated with a cuffed tracheal tube. Logistic regression demonstrated that body weight at tracheal intubation and birth weight were the strongest predictors for the appropriateness of cuffed/uncuffed tracheal tubes. The threshold weight at tracheal intubation was 2700 g for a probability >50% of using a cuffed tracheal tube.ConclusionHalf of the children weighing 2000–2999 g received a Microcuff® PET 3.0 mm ID, especially those with a body weight above 2700 g. Because of the anatomical dimensions in patients with a body weight of 2000–2999 g, cuffed tracheal tubes with smaller outer diameters may be required to better fit their airways.
Loss of Arabidopsis matrix metalloproteinase‐5 affects root development and root bacterial communities during drought stress
Authors: Mishra Laxmi S. , Kim Sung‐Yong , Caddell Daniel F. , Coleman‐Derr Devin , Funk Christiane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc‐dependent endo‐peptidases that in mammals are known to be involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) in developmental and pathological processes. In this study, we report At5‐MMP of Arabidopsis thaliana to be important for root development and root bacterial communities. At5‐MMP is mainly localized in the root vasculature and lateral root, an At5‐MMP T‐DNA insertion mutant (mmp5 KO) showed reduced root growth and a lower number of root apexes, causing reduced water uptake from the soil. Subsequently, mmp5 KO is sensitive to drought stress. Inhibited auxin transport was accompanied with resistance to indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), 2, 4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4‐D), and 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The content of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) was lower in roots of mmp5 KO than in wild type. Genes responsive to ABA as well as genes encoding enzymes of the proline biosynthesis were expressed to a lower extent in mmp5 KO than in wild type. Moreover, drought stress modulated root‐associated bacterial communities of mmp5 KO: the number of Actinobacteria increased. Therefore, At5‐MMP modulates auxin/ABA signaling rendering the plant sensitive to drought stress and recruiting differential root bacterial communities.