bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-cultural and economic barriers, and facilitators influencing men’s involvement in antenatal care including HIV testing: A qualitative study from urban Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Sakala Doreen , Kumwenda Moses K. , Conserve Donaldson F. , Ebenso Bassey , Choko Augustine Talumba 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Male partner involvement in antenatal care (ANC) is associated with positive maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, only a handful of men attend ANC with their partners. This study aimed to understand the underlying barriers and facilitators influencing men’s ANC attendance including HIV testing in Blantyre, Malawi.Methods Data were collected during a formative qualitative study of a cluster-randomised trial. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) with 42 men and women and 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted at three primary health centres in urban Blantyre, Malawi. FGD participants were purposively sampled with IDI participants subsequently sampled after FGD participation. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Results The economic requirement to provide for their families exerted pressure on men and often negatively affected their decision to attend ANC together with their pregnant partners despite obvious benefits. Peer pressure and the fear to be seen by peers queueing for services at ANC, an environment traditionally viewed as a space for women and children made men feel treated as trespassers and with some level of hostility rendering them feeling emasculated when they attend ANC. Health system problems associated with overall organization of the ANC services, which favours women created resistance among men to be involved. An association between ANC and HIV testing services discouraged men from attending ANC because of their fear of testing HIV-positive in the presence of their partners. The availability of a male friendly clinic offering a private, quick, supportive/sensitive and flexible service was considered to be an important incentive that would facilitate male men’s ANC attendance. Men described compensation to cover transport and opportunity cost for attending the clinic as a motivator to attending ANC services and accepting an HIV test. Conclusion Peer and economic influences were the most influential barriers of men attending ANC and testing for HIV with their pregnant partners. Addressing these socio-economic barriers and having a male friendly clinic are promising interventions to promote male ANC attendance in this setting.
Comparative transcriptome analysis uncovers roles of hydrogen sulfide for alleviating cadmium toxicity in Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Lv Hongrui , Xu Jing , Bo Tao , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential heavy metal with potentially deleterious effects on different organisms. The organisms have evolved sophisticated defense system to alleviate heavy metal toxicity. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) effectively alleviates heavy metal toxicity in plants and reduces oxidative stress in mammals. However, the function of H2S for alleviating heavy metal toxicity in aquatic organisms remains less clear. Tetrahymena thermophila is an important model organism to evaluate toxic contaminants in an aquatic environment. In this study, the molecular roles of exogenously H2S application were explored by RNA sequencing under Cd stress in T. thermophila.Results: The exposure of 30 µM Cd resulted in T. thermophila growth inhibition, cell nigrescence, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content considerably increase. However, exogenous NaHS (donor of H2S, 70 µM) significantly alleviated the Cd-induced toxicity by inhibiting Cd absorbtion, promoting CdS nanoparticles formation and improved antioxidant system. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the expression levels of 9152 genes changed under Cd stress (4658 upregulated and 4494 downregulated). However, only 1359 genes were differentially expressed with NaHS treatment under Cd stress (1087 upregulated and 272 downregulated). The functional categories of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by gene ontology (GO) revealed that the transcripts involved in the oxidation–reduction process, oxidoreductase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and cell redox homeostasis were the considerable enrichments between Cd stress and NaHS treatment under Cd stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) indicated that the carbon metabolism, glutathione metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and ABC transporters were significantly differentially expressed components between Cd stress and NaHS treatment under Cd stress in T. thermophila. The relative expression levels of six DEGs were further confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Conclusion: NaHS alleviated Cd stress mainly through inhibiting Cd absorbtion, promoting CdS nanoparticles formation, increasing oxidation resistance, and regulation of transport in free-living unicellular T. thermophila. These findings will expand our understanding for H2S functions in the freshwater protozoa.
Regional inequality in the Janani Suraksha Yojana coverage in India: A Geo-spatial Analysis
Authors: Mishra Prem Shankar , Kumar Pradeep , Srivast Shobhit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Although India has made significant progress in institutional delivery after the implementation of the National Rural Health Mission under which the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a sub-programme which played a vital role in the increase of institutional delivery in public facilities. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an understanding of the JSY coverage at the district level in India. Further, it tries to carve out the factors responsible for the regional disparity of JSY coverage at district levels. Methods The study used the National Family Health Survey data, which is a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015-16, India. The sample size of this study was148,145 women aged 15-49 years who gave last birth in the institution during five years preceding the survey. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to fulfill the study objectives. Additionally, Moran’s I statistics and bivariate Local Indicator for Spatial Association (LISA) maps were used to understand spatial dependence and clustering of JSY coverage. Ordinary least square, spatial lag and spatial error models were used to examine the correlates of JSY utilization.Results The value of spatial-autocorrelation for JSY was 0.71 which depicts the high dependence of the JSY coverage over districts of India. The overall coverage of JSY in India is 36.4% and it highly varied across different regions, districts, and even socioeconomic groups. The spatial error model depicts that if in a district the women with no schooling status increase by 10% then the benefits of JSY get increased by 2.3%. Similarly, if in a district the women from poor wealth quintile, it increases by 10% the benefits of JSY also increased by 4.6%. However, the coverage of JSY made greater imperative to understand it due to its clustering among districts of specific states only.Conclusion It is well reflected in the EAGs states in terms of spatial-inequality in service coverage. There is a need to universalize the JSY programme at a very individual level. And, it is required to revisit the policy strategy and the implementation plans at regional or district levels.
Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals potential mechanisms for differential abdominal fat deposition between divergently selected chicken lines
Authors: Wang Lijian , Leng Li , Ding Ran , Gong Pengfei , Liu Chang , Wang Ning , Li Hui , Du Zhi-Qiang , Cheng Bohan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Genetic selection for meat production performance of broilers concomitantly causes excessive abdominal fat deposition, accompanied by several adverse effects, such as the reduction of feed conversion efficiency and reproduction performance. Our previous studies have identified important genes regulating chicken fat deposition, using the Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) as an animal model. However, the molecular mechanism underlying fat deposition differences between fat and lean broilers remains largely unknown. Results: Here, we integrated the transcriptome (RNA-Seq) and quantitative proteome (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation, iTRAQ) profiling analyses on abdominal fat tissues from NEAUHLF chicken lines. Differentially expressed genes (2167 DEGs, FDR < 0.01) and proteins (199 DEPs, FDR < 0.05) were identified in lean line compare to fat line, and down-regulated DEGs and DEPs mainly enriched in pathways related to fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and PPAR signaling; and numerous up-regulated DEGs and DEPs both enriched in lysosome pathway. Moreover, several key DEGs and DEPs involved in long-chain fatty acid uptake, in situ lipogenesis (fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis), and lipid droplets accumulation were discovered after integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis. Conclusions: Together, our findings provided a novel insight into abdominal fat content discrepancy between the fat and lean chicken lines.
Sex-dependent differences in the secretome of human endothelial cells
Authors: Cattaneo Maria Grazia , Banfi Cristina , Brioschi Maura , Lattuada Donatella , Vicentini Lucia M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cellular sex has rarely been considered as a biological variable in preclinical research, even when the pathogenesis of diseases with predictable sex differences is studied. In this perspective, proteomics, and ‘omics’ approaches in general, can provide powerful tools to obtain comprehensive cellular maps, thus favoring the discovery of still unknown sex-biased physio-pathological mechanisms.Methods: We performed proteomic and gene ontology (GO) analyses of secretome from human serum-deprived male and female endothelial cells (ECs) followed by ELISA validation. Apoptosis was detected by FACS and Western blot techniques, and efferocytosis through the ability of the macrophage cell line RAW-264.7 to engulf apoptotic ECs. PTX3 mRNA levels were measured by RT-qPCR. Results: Proteomic and GO analyses of the secretome from starved human male and female ECs demonstrated a significant enrichment in proteins related to cellular responses to stress and to the regulation of apoptosis in the secretome of male ECs. Accordingly, a higher percentage of male ECs underwent apoptosis in response to serum deprivation in comparison to female ECs. Among the secreted proteins, we reliably found higher levels of PTX3 in the male EC secretome. The silencing of PTX3 suggested that male ECs were dependent on its expression to properly carry out the efferocytotic process. At variance, female EC efferocytosis seemed to be independent on PTX3 expression. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that serum-starved male and female ECs possess different secretory phenotypes that might take part in the sex-biased response to cellular stress. We identified PTX3 as a crucial player in the male-specific endothelial response to an apoptotic trigger. This novel and sex-related role for secreted proteins, and mainly for PTX3, may open the way to the discovery of still unknown sex-specific mechanisms and pharmacological targets for the prevention and treatment of endothelial dysfunction at the onset of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes: A sex-specific study in a west-Asian population
Authors: Mehrabi Fahimeh , Amiri Parisa , Cheraghi Leila , Kheradmand Ali , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to investigate the associations of obesity phenotypes with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among adults in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).Methods: Depression, anxiety, and stress levels of participants from the TLGS were examined among different obesity phenotypes in this cross-sectional study. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m², and metabolically unhealthy status based on having metabolic syndrome (MetS) or type 2 diabetes. Four obesity phenotypes were defined: 1) Metabolically Healthy Non-Obese (MHNO), 2) Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) 3) Metabolically Unhealthy Non-Obese (MUNO), and 4) Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO). Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes were assessed by the Persian version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 items (DASS-21). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to compare sex-specific odds ratios of depression, anxiety, and stress in different obesity phenotypes. Results: The mean age of 2469 men and women was 46.2±15.9 and 45.6±14.7, respectively. In total, women were more likely to experience higher levels of depression (30.5%), anxiety (44.2%), and stress (43.5%) symptoms compared to men. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to MHNO men, the odds of experiencing higher anxiety levels were significantly greater in metabolically unhealthy men whether they were obese (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.25-2.54; P=<0.001) or non-obese (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17-2.21; P= <0.001), and also in MUO women (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.28-2.34; P=<0.001) compared to MHNO women. Moreover, the odds of experiencing higher stress levels were significantly greater in MUNO men (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02-1.90; P=0.04) compared to MHNO men and in MUO women (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.96; P=0.02) compared to MHNO women. No difference in depression levels was observed in either sex. Conclusions: Our results showed that men and women with various obesity phenotypes experienced different anxiety and stress levels. While MUO women and all metabolically unhealthy men experienced more anxiety and stress levels than MHNO individuals, none of the obesity phenotypes were associated with depression. These findings provide insight into recognizing the psychological consequences of different phenotypes of obesity in both sexes and utilizing future health promotion planning.
Multi-trait GWAS using imputed high-density genotypes from whole-genome sequencing identifies genes associated with body traits in Nile tilapia
Authors: Yoshida Grazyella , Yáñez José Manuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Body traits are generally controlled by several genes in vertebrates (i.e. polygenes), which in turn make them difficult to identify through association mapping. Increasing the power of association studies by combining approaches such as genotype imputation and multi-trait analysis improves the ability to detect quantitative trait loci associated with polygenic traits, such as body traits. Results: A multi-trait genome-wide association study (mtGWAS) was performed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes associated with body traits in Nile tilapia (Oreochromos niloticus) using genotypes imputed to whole-genome sequence (WGS). To increase the statistical power of mtGWAS for the detection of genetic associations, summary statistics from single-trait genome-wide association studies (stGWAS) for eight different body traits recorded in 1,309 animals were used. The mtGWAS increased the statistical power from the original sample size from 13% to 44%, depending on the trait analyzed. The better resolution of the WGS data combined with the increased power of the mtGWAS approach, allowed the detection of significant markers not previously found in the stGWAS. Some lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found within important functional candidate genes previously associated with growth-related traits. For instance, we identified SNP within the α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8), solute carrier family 4 member 2 (SLC4A2), A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 9 (ADAMTS9) and heart development protein with EGF like domains 1 (HEG1) genes, which have been associated with average daily gain in sheep, osteopetrosis in cattle, chest size in goats, and growth and meat quality in sheep, respectively. Conclusions: The high-resolution mtGWAS presented, allowed identification of significant SNPs, linked to strong functional candidate genes, associated with body traits in Nile tilapia. These results provide further insights about the genetic variants and genes underlying body trait variation in cichlid fish with high accuracy and strong statistical support.
Irrational use of antibiotics in Iran from the Perspective of Complex Adaptive Systems: redefining the challenge
Authors: Sharif Zahra , Peiravian Farzad , Salamzadeh Jamshid , Mohammadi Nastaran Keshavarz , Jalalimanesh Ammar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Irrational use of antibiotics is proving to be major concern to the health systems globally. It results in antibiotics resistance and increases health care costs. In Iran, many years of research, appreciable efforts and policy making have been of little avail and indicators still show suboptimal use of antibiotics, pointing to an urgent need for adopting an alternative approach to understanding the problem and generating new solutions. Applying the Complex Adaptive Systems theory, to explore and research in health systems and their challenges has become popular. Therefore, this study aimed to better understand the complexity of irrational use of antibiotics use in Iran and to propose potential solutions. Method: This research utilized a CAS observatory tool to qualitatively collect and analyse data. Twenty interviews and two Focus Group Discussion were conducted. The data was enriched with policy document reviews to fully understand the system. MAXQDA software was used to organize and analyze the data. Result: We could identify several diverse and heterogeneous, yet highly interdependent agents operating at different levels in the antibiotics use system in Iran. The network structure and its adaptive emergent behavior, information flow, governing rules, feedback and values of the system, and the way they interact were identified. The findings describe antibiotics use as an emergent behavior which is formed by an interplay of many factors and agents over time. Insufficient and ineffective interaction and information flow regarding antibiotics between agents were among key causes of irrational antibiotics use in Iran. Results showed that effective rules to minimize irrational use of antibiotics are missing or can be easily disobeyed. The gaps and weakness of the system which needs redesigning or modification were recognized as well. Conclusion: The study suggests re-engineering the system by implementing several system-level changes including establishing strong, timely, and effective interactions between identified stakeholders, which facilitate information flow and provision of on-time feedback, and create win-win rules in a participatory manner with stakeholders and the distributed control system.
What factors determine the technical performance of community-managed rural water systems in the middle hills of Nepal?
Authors: GC Raj K. , Ranganathan Shyam , Hammett A. L. (Tom) , Hall Ralph P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gravity-fed water systems are widely used in the rural hills of Nepal. This study identifies the systematic factors that contribute to rural households not obtaining water due to system breakdowns. The study makes use of data from a 2017 to 2018 study of 202 households served by 10 community-based water systems from three localities within the western middle hills of Nepal. A hierarchical regression model is used to capture both household- and system-level variables. The analysis identifies three household-level and three system-level predictors of the duration of water system breakdowns. The significant household-level predictors include (1) a sense of ownership toward the water system, (2) user involvement in decision making during the planning and implementation of the water system, and (3) income earned from water-based productive activities. The significant system-level predictors include (1) distance from the village to the water source, (2) the performance of the water user committee, and (3) the water system operator's level of activity. In addition, the interactions between household- and system-level variables are captured. The empirical relationship between household productive income and the duration of breakdowns is a novel finding. These findings will be valuable to the Nepalese government and other actors working to implement sustainable water systems.
EMISSÕES DE CO2 NO ENTORNO DO AEROPORTO INTERNACIONAL DE SÃO PAULO-GUARULHOS
Authors: Santos Daniel Nery dos , Hori Bruno Yuiti , Oliveira Diego Kauê , Serafim Victor Hugo Cordeiro 
Published: December 2020

Os aeroportos são reconhecidamente grandes emissores de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE’s), poluentes e ruídos. Assim, compreender as emissões provenientes dos aeroportos pode contribuir para a elaboração de ações mitigadoras na temática do aquecimento global, relacionando as emissões antrópicas à intensificação do aquecimento do planeta já que o Dióxido de Carbono (CO₂) é visto como o principal vilão no aumento da temperatura da Terra. A principal motivação deste estudo foi verificar os índices de concentração de CO₂ no entorno do AISP (Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo). Para tanto, foram realizadas medições de CO₂ em diferentes pontos com o uso de equipamentos portatéis (medidor de CO₂ e GPS de campo). Os dados coletados foram analisados em ambiente SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica). Os resultados demonstraram que as emissões de Dióxido de Carbono no entorno do AISP oscilaram de 436 a 490 ppm/CO₂. Tais emissões estão muito acima dos índices máximos constatados pela ONU no primeiro semestre de 2019, que alcançou uma média global de 409 ppm/CO₂.
Formação docente para o Ensino Secundário e os Cursos da CADES em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso (1956 a 1959)
Authors: Silva Stella Sanches de Oliveira , Silva Marcela Oliveira da 
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apurar a configuração docente de uma escola de ensino secundário, Colégio Estadual Campo-grandense, na cidade de Campo Grande, bem como o desenvolvimento dos cursos e aplicação de exames da Campanha de Aperfeiçoamento e Difusão do Ensino Secundário (CADES) que ali ocorreram, observando a formação docente secundarista como objeto. O procedimento investigativo foi subsidiado pelas contribuições de Jörn Rüsen. Para tanto, foram selecionadas fontes documentais (1953 -1959) e dissertações de mestrado entre 2005 e 2013. O processo investigativo apontou características que revelaram tanto a configuração da formação dos professores como também as formas de contratação desses profissionais.