bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inspiring the Study of Gerontology Among Millennial Students: A Rural Perspective
Authors: Jurkowski Elaine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The study of gerontology across different generational cohorts is not static but rather dynamic. As we consider teaching gerontology to different age cohorts, what similarities and differences do exist? How do the educational needs within higher education differ across the different cohorts of the workforce? This presentation aims to identify and present specific learning needs and styles of the millennial cohort, as compared to other generational cohorts with the effort of building educational strategies for this workforce cohort. The presentation will also address the unique needs that a rural workforce faces and how to address these within the millennial cohort. Strategies such as online learning, flip classroom, experiential strategies and research projects/practicum will be addressed with a specific focus on the engagement of the millennial student. These strategies are all described within the context of teaching gerontology through a specific Certificate in Gerontology program located on a rural campus setting, but meeting the educational needs of people across the country.
Marriage and Mortality: The Importance of Non-Spousal Support for Never-Married Older Adults
Authors: Roth Adam , Peng Siyun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Married individuals have been shown to consistently outlive their unmarried peers. Although numerous factors contribute to such mortality disparities, spousal support serves as one of the most central marital resources that reduces mortality risk for married older adults. Unmarried older adults, who lack access to such support, tend to rely more heavily on extended family and friends for their social needs. Yet it is unclear whether support from these non-spousal sources can be successfully substituted for spousal support to provide unmarried older adults with similar protection against mortality. In the present study, we use nationally representative data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project to assess whether support from family and friends reduces the mortality differences between married and unmarried older adults. Although we examine all forms of singlehood (i.e., divorce, widowhood, and never married), we pay primary attention to never married older adults in relatively to their married peers as they have been exposed to a lifetime without a spouse. We find that never married older adults are especially sensitive to non-spousal support. More specifically, never married respondents who reported low levels of support were far more likely to die than married respondents who had similar levels of non-spousal support. Yet when support was high, never married respondents were neither more nor less likely to die than their married peers.
Development of an Innovative Financial Literacy and Preparedness Program for Family Caregivers
Authors: Judge Katherine , Fazio Sam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Informal caregivers provide the bulk of daily care and assistance to older adults needing help. Tasks range from assisting with transportation, coordinating care and appointments, household tasks, emotional and social support, and personal care. Caregivers also assist with financial care-related issues. This assistance ranges from helping pay bills, making health-care decisions, to paying out-of-pocket care expenses. Research on financial care-related issues greatly lags behind other areas of caregiving. Additionally, few programs have been developed that specifically address these financial issues and how best to provide timely and personalized information for families. The following poster will present an innovative program that addresses these gaps within the literature and fills the void facing families in navigating key financial care-related decisions. Funded by the Administration on Community Living, the evidence-informed program was developed based on findings from a comprehensive literature review, an environmental scan, market analysis, and feedback from focus groups. The program includes educational information, skills-training, and resources for caregivers across the following content areas: Introduction to Costs of Caregiving, Benefits of Early Planning, Avoiding Financial Abuse and Fraud, Conversations about Finances, Assessing Financial Needs, Creating Action Plans, and Finding Financial Support. The program also addresses specific financial needs facing caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Discussion will highlight key aspects of the program, including the standardized yet flexible and tailored approach for addressing families’ specific financial care-related needs, along with next steps in program implementation and evaluation.
Patient-Reported Health Outcomes Among Older Adults Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Chawengkiattikul Suttiwan , Aree-Ue Suparb , Youngcharoen Phichpraorn , Kawinwonggowit Viroj 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a remedy treatment for severe knee osteoarthritis; yet, postoperative outcomes vary. Preoperative patients’ expectations to functional abilities are important factors influencing postoperative outcomes and satisfaction. Objectives To investigate the association among preoperative patients’ expectations, post-operative functional abilities, and satisfaction to functional abilities among older adults undergoing TKA at 6-week after surgery. Methods Participants were 97 older adults who purposely selected based on the inclusion criteria. The data were collected at preoperative and postoperative TKA by using the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Replacement Expectations Survey and the Knee and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - function in daily living. The data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. Results Before surgery, patients’ expectations to postoperative functional abilities had a high level with the total mean score of 70.21(SD =13.86). At 6-week after surgery, the overall functional ability had a significant improvement (t = -9.229, p = .000). Satisfaction to functional ability also had a high level (Mean ± SD = 71.15 ± 14.73). Patients’ expectations to functional abilities had a significantly low positive correlation to postoperative functional ability and satisfaction (r = .273, p &lt; .05; r = .292, p &lt; .01, respectively). A significant moderate positive correlation between functional abilities and satisfaction to functional abilities was observed (r = .603, p &lt; .01). Conclusion Understanding of expectations may be beneficial in gaining knowledge, paving expectations on possible outcomes, and enhancing the quality of care for these populations.
Social Determinants of Unmet Healthcare Needs: Comparison Between Middle-Aged and Older People
Authors: Hong Sungjae 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to 1) examine unmet healthcare needs by age groups and 2) compare the social determinants of unmet healthcare needs between older and middle-aged people in Korea. This study employed a nationally representative dataset of the 2017 Healthcare Service Experience Survey in Korea. Unmet healthcare needs consisted of three categories by healthcare type: 1) clinic visitation, 2) treatment, and 3) medication. Independent variables include demographic, socioeconomic, and health status. Logistic regression models were estimated to reveal the social determinants of unmet healthcare needs of older (age≥65; N=2,178) and middle-aged (age 40~64; N=5,062) people. There was a positive gradient of unmet healthcare needs prevalence by age group, having the highest prevalence among older people (10.8%). While older people living alone were 1.70 times more likely to report any of unmet healthcare needs, there was no significant relationship between the two among middle-aged people. In addition, the effect of chronic disease morbidity on the probability of unmet healthcare needs was stronger among older people than it is among middle-aged people (OR=3.50 and 2.90, respectively). In contrast, the effect of household income was weaker than it is among middle-aged people (OR=1.73 and 2.95, respectively). The gradient of unmet healthcare needs by age group asks gerontologists and public healthcare scholars to focus on older people regarding unmet healthcare needs. Also, the difference between middle-aged and older people on social determinants of unmet healthcare needs implies different psychosocial pathways of unmet healthcare needs between the two age groups.
The Association Between Obesity and Long-Term Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Fiscella Andrew , Andel Ross 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States and has been associated with negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, an obesity paradox has emerged which suggests that the effects of obesity may vary by age, with older adults potentially seeing a protective effect of obesity. This study examined the effects of overweight and obese status on cognitive performance at baseline and follow-up. It was hypothesized that obese middle-aged adults would perform worse than normal weight peers, but that reverse would be observed in older adults. Data from 701 participants in the Midlife in the United States study were included. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were employed as measures of obesity. Z-scores for executive function, memory, and global cognition were used to quantify cognitive performance. While obese participants tended to perform worse on average than normal weight individuals there were no significant differences in performance between obese and normal weight participants in global cognition (p=.134), executive function (p=.164), or episodic memory (p=.708). Additionally, age did not moderate this relationship. However, there was a significant effect of education on all three domains. When stratified by education, participants with some college or higher, had a significant time*obesity*age interaction (F[3,328]=3.016, p&lt;.05). For the oldest-old participants, executive function scores were higher for obese participants at follow-up compared to normal weight participants, but not at baseline. These findings suggest that level of education may serve as a form of cognitive reserve which compensates for deficits due to obesity.
Narcissism, Social Encounters, and Mood in Late Life
Authors: Zhang Shiyang , Ng Yee To , Fingerman Karen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social contacts have a strong impact on older adult’s well-being. However, narcissism (i.e., feelings of self-importance) may undermine interpersonal connections. Research with young adults has found that being narcissistic may generate feelings of boredom, irritation, and pride because narcissistic young adults oftentimes have difficulty maintaining attention, have greater sensitivity to negative social events (e.g. social rejections), and have an exaggerated sense of self-worth. Yet, we know little about narcissism in late life, particularly in a daily context. This study examined the associations between narcissism, social encounters, and mood (i.e., bored, irritated, lonely, proud) throughout the day. Older adults aged 65 + (N = 307) from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study completed a measure of narcissism in a baseline interview. Then, in ecological momentary assessments (EMA), they reported social encounters and mood every 3 hours for 5 to 6 days. We found no significant associations between narcissism and number of social encounters throughout the day. Multilevel models revealed that older adults who scored higher on narcissism felt more bored and prouder throughout the day. Interaction terms involving narcissism and social encounters showed that during assessment periods when they had social encounters, participants who scored higher on narcissism reported a similar level of loneliness as when they were alone, whereas their peers who scored lower on narcissism experienced decreases in loneliness. Findings suggest that narcissism does not predict social encounters. However, older adults who are higher in narcissism may be less likely to be influenced by their social encounters.
Self-Reported Memory Problems Are Related to Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults With Certain Personality Traits
Authors: Bhargava Sakshi , Hill Nikki , Mogle Jacqueline 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Self-reported memory problems and depressive symptoms tend to co-occur in older adults; however, this relationship may depend on personality traits and the type of self-reported memory assessed. Using a coordinated analytic framework, this study examined whether neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness moderated the associations of older adults’ self-reported memory with depressive symptoms at between- and within-person levels across three large, longitudinal datasets (range=8-12 years of follow-up) of community-dwelling older adults with no evidence of cognitive impairment (n=427-6,960; Mage: 69.47- 75.94; 72-84% White; 60-64% Female). Assessments of depressive symptoms (GDS-15 or CES-D) and self-reported memory (perceived memory decline, frequency of forgetting, and current memory rating) were taken annually or biennially; personality was assessed via the IPIP or NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Results were largely consistent across datasets. Specifically, between persons, self-reported memory problems (including perceived memory decline, higher frequency of forgetting, and lower current memory rating) were related to higher depressive symptoms only among older adults higher in neuroticism. In one dataset, results supported a protective effect of conscientiousness such that higher frequency of forgetting was related to lower depressive symptoms among older adults higher in this trait. Within persons and across datasets, at times when perceived memory decline was reported, or current memory rating was lower, depressive symptoms tended to be higher only in older adults higher in neuroticism. Results demonstrate the importance of considering personality traits and the type of self-reported memory when examining associations among reports of memory problems and depressive symptoms in cognitively intact older adults.
The Association Between Personality Traits and Depressive Symptoms in U.S. Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Li Maggie , Dong XinQi , Kong Dexia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Depressive symptoms are prevalent in the aging population and can negatively impact the health and well-being of older adults. Personality traits may interact with depressive symptoms, but there is currently limited knowledge regarding this relationship in minority aging research. This study aims to explore the associations between two personality traits, neuroticism and conscientiousness, and depressive symptoms in 3,157 U.S. Chinese older adults. Data were obtained from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) collected between 2011 and 2013. Neuroticism and conscientiousness were measured by the NEO Five-factor Inventory. Depressive symptoms were measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). 45.3% of the participants reported at least one depressive symptom. Controlling for potential confounders, logistic regression analyses showed that both traits were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. One unit increase in neuroticism was associated with 19% increased odds of having any depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]=1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.17-1.22). One unit increase in conscientiousness was associated with 5% decreased odds of having any depressive symptoms (OR=0.95, 95% [CI]=0.94-0.96). Results validate the significant association between both traits and depressive symptoms among U.S. Chinese older adults, adding to the psychological and cultural profiles of those who have experienced mental distress. More in-depth examination using culturally-tailored measurements for personality traits is encouraged in minority aging studies. The NEO inventory was developed from Western populations and hence might not adequately represent personality traits valued by non-Western cultures.
Longitudinal Association Between Education and Disability in Older Adults Living in Iceland
Authors: Chang Milan , Geirsdottir Olof , Launer Lenore , Gudnasson Vilmundur , Jonsson Palmi , Ramel Alfons , Gudjonsson Milan Chang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Disabilities among older adults are associated with cumulative adversities such as low socioeconomic status (SES), poor nutrition, and lack of access to medical care and education. However, there is little evidence on the long-term association between education and disability status among older adults in Iceland. The aim of the study was to examine the association between mid-life education and prevalence of disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility disability in late-life using 25 years of longitudinal data. METHODS: A large community-based population residing in Reykjavik, Iceland participated in a longitudinal study with an average of 25 years of follow-up (N=5764, mean age 77±6 yrs, 57.7% of women) Mid-life education was categorized into 2 groups (primary and secondary versus college and university). Disability status in late life was defined with ADL and mobility disability with a binary outcome (no difficulty versus any difficulty). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association. RESULTS: After controlling for age and gender, and midlife health risk factors, those who had high education at mid-life were less likely to have ADL disability (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.64 ~ 0.88, P ≤ 0.001) and mobility disability (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61 ~ 0.86, P &lt; 0.001) compared with those who had low education in mid-life. CONCLUSION: People with high mid-life education were less likely to have ADL and mobility disability after 25 years later.
A Time-, Gender-, and Disease-State Invariant Model of Fitness Across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: Maitland Scott , Brauer Paula , Mutch David , Royall Dawna , Klein Doug , Tremblay Angelo , Rhéaume Caroline , Jeejeebhoy Khursheed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In studies of community-based health behavior interventions (diet and physical activity) one goal in analysis is to show expected relationships between measures of intervention and clinically relevant outcomes. Many programs fail to show such clear links for many reasons beyond lack of intervention effectiveness. These secondary analyses were undertaken to assess if the measurement properties (stability and responsiveness) of intervention measures could have contributed to study findings. A feasibility study of lifestyle treatment of metabolic syndrome (n=293; mean age = 59yrs) had achieved 19% reversal over one year, yet neither diet quality nor fitness were associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine fit of measurement models and factorial invariance was tested across three time points (baseline, 3-month, 12-month), gender (male/female), and disease status (diabetes) for the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) (Canada 2005) and several fitness measures (VO2max, flexibility, curl-ups, push-ups). The model fit for HEI was poor and could account for the lack of association seen in the original study. More development of diet quality measures is needed. The model for fitness, however, demonstrated excellent fit and displayed measurement equivalence across time, gender, and disease state. A higher degree of confidence exists when measurement equivalence/invariance is demonstrated, allowing for reliable tests of differences in comparison groups. The use of a multiple measure of fitness, including cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and strength, helps eliminate limitations of using measures from a single domain or self-reported data is promising and should be considered in future work.
Growth Curve of Disability of Older Adults Over a 12-Year Period: Can It Be Modified by Age or Engaging in Activities?
Authors: Sun Rongjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adopting a growth curve model, this study aims to fit a growth trajectory of disability of older adults over a 12-year period, and to investigate whether such a trajectory is modified by initial age and level of engagement in activities. The data are from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, which includes 16,064 individuals aged 60 or above in the first wave in 2002 who were followed-up in four more waves until 2014. Disability in this study is measured by having any difficulty in performing six activities of daily living. Activities include physical exercise and eight leisure activities. To rigorously test the causal effect of engaging in activities on disability, we adopted a time-lagged growth curve model. In addition, disability status in the initial wave was controlled at baseline and an array of health status measures, such as physical functioning and cognitive performance, were included as time-varying covariates. We introduced a random effect to control for unobserved heterogeneity between individuals. The results show a quadratic curve of disability over time with an accelerating pace in later waves. While initial age shows a moderate modifying effect, engaging in leisure activities substantially modified the trajectory: The probability of being disabled increased from 6.7% to 45.8% between the first and fourth follow-up for those inactive individuals. For those active older adults, it only increased from 3.1% to 18.0%. This study demonstrates that engaging in leisure activities can significantly reshape the trajectory of developing disability among older adults.
Improving Healthy Behavior and Adopting Healthy Habits by Bodywise Program for Older Adult DC Residents
Authors: Monroe-Lord Lillie , Ardekani Azam , Lee James , Harrison Elgloria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An increase in physical activity (PA) level is associated with reduction in chronic diseases. However, the number of older adults who meet the PA guideline is low and decreases with age. Bodywise is a free program that aims to promote healthy behavior and to encourage older adults who live in Washington, DC to adopt a healthy habit by increasing their PA. The Bodywise program offers water aerobics, yoga, low-impact aerobics, and chair exercise classes, conducted by trained instructors at the University of the District of Columbia. This study reports an evaluation of the implementation of this program based on the surveys completed by participants after finishing the classes. Participants were DC residents aged 60 or older. According to the surveys, 68% of participants have adopted one or more healthy habits since joining the Bodywise program. In addition, more than 62% of participants have an increase in awareness of healthy behavior through this program. Overall satisfaction with the Bodywise program is 93%, satisfaction with the variety of classes offered is 72% and satisfaction with offered skill levels is 75%. Furthermore, 81% of participants reported overall satisfaction with their instructor, specifically 100% satisfaction related to their knowledge and skill level, and appropriateness of selected music, moves, and exercises. In conclusion, the Bodywise program leads to an overall change in both awareness of healthy behavior and development of healthy habits in participants. Further research can investigate the correlation of health awareness and healthy habits with overall satisfaction with the program and the instructor.