bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When women deliver at home with no one present: Are health care systems in Uganda driving women away?
Authors: Atukunda Esther Cathyln , Mugyenyi Godfrey R , Obua Celestino , Najjuma Josephine , Aturinda Isaac , Agaba Edgar , Ware Norma C. , Matthews Lynn T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Uganda’s maternal mortality remains unacceptably high, with thousands of women and newborns still dying of preventable deaths from pregnancy and childbirth-related complications. Despite the fact that over 95% of women in Uganda attend at least one antenatal care (ANC) visit, over 30% of women still deliver at home with no skilled birth attendant, many choosing to come to hospital after experiencing a complication. We explored barriers to women’s decisions to deliver in a health care facility among postpartum women in rural southwestern Uganda, to ultimately inform interventions aimed at improving skilled facility births.Methods Between December 2018 and March 2019, we conducted in-depth qualitative face-to-face interviews with 30 post-partum women delivering at home or health facility in rural southwestern Uganda. The purposeful sample was intended to represent women with differing experiences of pregnancy, delivery and ANC. Women were recruited from 10 villages within 20km of a referral hospital. Interviews were conducted and digitally recorded in a private setting by a trained native speaker. Translated transcripts were generated and coded. Coded data was iteratively reviewed and sorted to derive descriptive categories using grounded theory methodology.Results Regardless of where they decided to give birth, women wished to deliver in a supportive, respectful, responsive and loving environment. The data revealed six key barriers to women’s decisions to deliver from a health care facility: 1) Fear of unresponsive care, fueling a fear of being neglected or abandoned while at the facility, 2) fear of embarrassment and mistreatment by health care providers, 3)low perception of risk associated with pregnancy and childbirth, 4) preferences for particular birthing positions and their outcome expectations, 5) perceived lack of privacy in public facilities, and 6) perceived poor clinical and interpersonal skills of health providers to adequately explain birthing procedures or support expectant or laboring women and their newborn.Conclusion Anticipation of unsupportive, unresponsive, disrespectful treatment, and a perceived lack of tolerance for simple, non-harmful traditions prevent women from delivering at health facilities. Building better interpersonal relationships between patients and providers within health systems could reinforce trust, confidence, improve patient-provider interaction, and facilitate useful information transfer during ANC and delivery visits.
Endovascular intervention for cerebral watershed infarction due to severe stenosis of the middle cerebral artery is safe and effective: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xie Huifang , Yan Zhenxing , Liu Siqin , He Xiongjun , Zhang Liang , Li Kaifeng , Huang Yaowei , Zheng Wenxia , Su Yuying , Deng Yiting , Liu Yajie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of standard drug therapy and endovascular intervention for cerebral watershed infarction (WSI) due to severe stenosis of the middle cerebral artery.Methods 86 patients with WSI due to severe stenosis of middle cerebral artery were included 46 endovascular intervention patients and 40 standard drug patients. Clinical data were collected at the time of admission, discharge, and the 90-day return to the hospital for review.Results At the time of admission, there were no significant differences in the baseline data of age, gender, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipid, NIHSS, MOCA, or lifestyle characteristics such as smoking and drinking history(P>0.05).At 90 days after discharge, there were statistically significant differences in NHISS score(3.20 ± 1.65and4.35 ± 2.63,P=0.028), mRS score(0.69 ± 0.81and1.20 ± 0.96,P=0.01) and MOCA score(21.24 ± 3.72and19.02 ± 3.48,P=0.006) between the two groups.Conclusion The endovascular intervention for WSI due to severe stenosis of the middle cerebral artery has similar periprocedural complications and better outcomes compared to standard drug therapy.
Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance, Distribution of Subtypes and Drug resistance-associated mutations among Treatment-experienced Individuals in Chengdu, Southwest China, 2014-2016
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Liu Yang , Liu Sijing , Yuan Dan , Su Ling , Ye Li , Gong Fanghong , Gao Yushuang , Baloch Saira , Pei Xiaofang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The National Free Antiretroviral therapy (ART) Program in China has initiated to provide ART to HIV-1 patients, which may cause problems with drug resistance (DR). The number of HIV/AIDS patients in Chengdu ranks first in the national capital city. However, there is little data on the prevalence of HIV-1 DR in this region. Therefore, epidemiological surveillance was conducted on HIV-1 DR among patients receiving ART in Chengdu. Methods: From 2014 to 2016, HIV/AIDS patients (15 years and older) who had received first-line ART for at least six months were enrolled in this study. Demographic, behavioral information and medical history were recorded, and blood samples were collected for viral loads and immune cell count analyses. HIV-1 pol was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed for HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs). Results: A total of 13,782 individuals were enrolled and 653 cases were considered treatment failure after 6 months of ART. 481 (481/653) samples were amplified and sequenced successfully for subtypes and drug resistance analysis. Six subtypes were identified, among which CRF01_AE (54.3%) and CRF07_BC (41.6%) were the dominant subtypes, and CRF55_01B was detected in Chengdu for the first time. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 DR was 1.8%, with 1.2% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 1.7% to non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) and 0.14% to protease inhibitors (PIs). The leading DRMs observed in the study were M184I/V (59.59%) against NRTIs and K103N (37.55%) against NNRTIs. Conclusions: This study focused on the HIV-1 molecular surveillance among treatment-experienced individuals in Chengdu. The overall prevalence of DR was relatively low among treated patients. These findings were believed to be contributed to an understanding of HIV-1 subtypes, DR prevalence and DRMs profiles in Chengdu, and thereby optimizing clinical management, prevention and control of HIV.
Positive selection on secretory and structural components of salivary glands within the ecologically diverse bat family Phyllostomidae
Authors: Vandewege Michael , Sotero-Caio Cibele G. , Phillips Caleb D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are outliers among chiropterans with respect to the unusually high diversity of dietary strategies within the family. Salivary glands, owing to their functions and high ultrastructural variability among lineages, are proposed to have played an important role during the phyllostomid radiation. Salivary gland secretory products directly interact with food materials and pathogens which can provide selective interactions. To identify genes underlying salivary gland functional diversification, we sequenced submandibular gland transcriptomes from phyllostomid species representative of divergent dietary strategies. From the assembled transcriptomes, we identified and tested 3,266 single gene orthologs and identified 57 evolving under positive selection. All enriched gene ontology terms were related to defense against other organisms and the cell membrane/extracellular environment. Based on GO annotation, many of the defense-related loci under selection form secretory products. Salivary glands perform a complex array of tasks, and we identified positive selection on additional proteins bound to membranes and in the extracellular environment with multiple functions. Although illuminating exact function is difficult, results suggest that regulatory release of secretory products, not the products themselves, is disproportionately shaped by positive selection on coding sequence. Identified instances of selection on such cellular components may help explain the ultrastructural variability of salivary glands previously documented.
Clinical and radiological follow-up after free vascularised fibula transplantation for bone defects of the upper extremity with MRI and MR-angiography
Authors: Eckstein Lisa , Asmus Ariane , Mutze Sven , Bakir Sinan , Haralambiev Lyubomir , Eisenschenk Andreas , Kim Simon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Vascular patency of free vascularised fibula grafts can be postoperatively assessed by island flap which is not always possible or angiography which is invasive. Bone healing is examined based on radiographs with scoring systems. We present data on MRI with contrast agent and a comparison of the Giessler bone healing score by X-ray and MRI and clinical scores in patients with operation on the upper extremity. Methods We reviewed the clinical and radiological outcome of 13 patients with a follow-up of at least 1 year after free vascularised fibula graft of the upper extremity. The examination included the DASH, MSTS, SF-36, Rosén-Lundberg-scores and MRI with contrast agent. We determined the Giessler bone healing score by most recent x-ray and MRI and the Weiland score and its modification for the upper extremity. For statistics, we used the Wilcoxon test and Pearson correlation. Results Vascular patency was directly or indirectly detectable all cases in the MRI with contrast agent. 5 patients did not return to work and 5 patients had ongoing pain medication. Median DASH was 21.7, MSTS of the upper extremity 76.7, of the lower extremity 93.3, the Rosén-Lundberg score for median nerve 2.43, for ulnar nerve 2.32. Giessler score for x-ray and MRI showed no significant difference for proximal or distal junction. Conclusions We could prove with MRI that it was indeed a vascularised graft and its vitality at time of follow-up by assessment of vascular patency, and that MRI can be used to determine the Giessler score similarly to X-ray.
GENDER DALAM DAKWAH UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN (Potret Keterlibatan Perempuan dalam Politik)
Authors: Hasanah Ulfatun 
Published: October 2019

<p><em>Gender issues are an issue that demands social and cultural construction justice between men and women. In the demands of this construction, the balance of functions, status, and nature of the sexes is expected to be realized. Instead, da’wa and development is a construction of the changes that take place in society from certain socio-cultural conditions toward something that is considered more valuable. In addition it can also be interpreted as an effort to alleviate backwardness. Therefore, all, gender, da’wa and development are a reciprocal correlation between one another. The emergence of gender injustice issues or gender discrimination due to social construction process in society. Yet Islam and the Constitution of 45 countries have guaranteed equality of access for women and men. Therefore, enhancing the role of women and men in gendered development as an integral part of national development has significance in the effort to achieve harmonious harmony between men and women or to achieve gender equality and justice in various areas of life and development. The results of this study, trying to reveal da’wa gender in development should not be the same role between men and women, there are areas of their own that can be done by men and women in da’wa and development process.</em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>****</strong></p>Isu gender merupakan suatu isu yang menuntut keadilan konstruksi sosial maupun kultural antara kaum laki-laki dengan perempuan. Dalam tuntutan konstruksi ini, keseimbangan fungsi, status, dan hakekat antar jenis kelamin diharapkan dapat direalisasikan. Sebaliknya, dakwah dan pembangunan merupakan suatu konstruksi perubahan yang terjadi di masyarakat dari kondisi sosio-kultural tertentu menuju ke arah sesuatu yang dianggap lebih bernilai. Selain itu dapat juga diartikan sebagai usaha pengentasan keterbelakangan. Oleh karena itu semua, gender dan pembangunan adalah suatu korelasi timbal balik antara satu dengan yang lain. Munculnya isu ketidakadilan gender atau diskriminasi gender akibat adanya proses kontruksi sosial di dalam masyarakat. Padahal Islam dan UUD 45 negara telah menjamin kesetaraan akses perempuan dan laki-laki. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan peranan perempuan dan laki-laki dalam dakwah dan pembangunan yang berwawasan gender sebagai bagian integral dari pembangunan nasional, mempunyai arti penting dalam upaya untuk mewujudkan kemitrasejajaran yang harmonis antara laki-laki dengan perempuan atau mewujudkan kesetaraan dan keadilan gender dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan dan pembangunan. Hasil penelitian ini, berusaha menampakkan gender dalam dakwah dan pembangunan tidak harus sama peran antara laki-laki dan perempuan, ada wilayah-wilayah sendiri yang bisa dilakukan laki-laki dan perempuan dalam pelaksanaan dakwah dan pembangunan.
Phytochemical Analysis and Assessment of Biological Properties of Essential Oils Obtained from Thyme and Rosmarinus Species
Authors: Zaïri Amira , Nouir Sahar , Khalifa Mohamed A. , Ouni Bouraoui , Haddad Houda , Khelifa Améni , Trabelsi Mounir 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The plant species Thymus algeriensis (TA); Thymus capitatus (TC) and Rosmarinus officinalis (RO), are widely used in traditional medicine in Tunisia. The bioactivities of their essential oils have been also reported previously. The main objective of this work was to assess the phytochemical composition, the antioxidant activity, cytotoxic potential and the antibacterial, antifungal, of the essential oil (EO) of these plants.

Methods:
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and quantify the constituents of the tested EO, chemical tests and spectrophotometric methods were used for antioxidant activities and for the screening, the quantification of phytochemicals. The cytotoxic potential of the EO was checked using HCT 116 cultures. Extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial potential by the microdilution method. Antifungal activities were tested using the Poisoned food method against: Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus.

Results:
The EO of tested plants presented several components, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Results revealed that T. capitatus EO is not toxic comparing to the other tested samples. Phenolic compounds were detected and this EO showed excellent antioxidant activity presenting dose dependent relationship. Regarding antimicrobial activity, T. capitatus EO, also had the highest inhibition against all tested bacteria and fungi.

Conclusions:
This study showed the importance of the bioactivities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and safety potential) of EOs of the plant species TC, RO, and TA used in traditional medicine.
Pharmacologic Overview of Chlorogenic Acid and its Metabolites in Chronic Pain and Inflammation
Authors: Bagdas Deniz , Gul Zulfiye , Meade Julie A. , Cam Betul , Cinkilic Nilufer , Gurun Mine Sibel 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Natural phenolic compounds in medicinal herbs and dietary plants are
antioxidants which play therapeutic or preventive roles in different pathological situations, such as
oxidative stress and inflammation. One of the most studied phenolic compounds in the last decade
is chlorogenic acid (CGA), which is a potent antioxidant found in certain foods and drinks.

Objective:
This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive bioactivities of CGA,
and the putative mechanisms of action are described. Ethnopharmacological reports related to these
bioactivities are also reviewed.

Materials and Methods:
An electronic literature search was conducted by authors up to October
2019. Original articles were selected.

Results:
CGA has been shown to reduce inflammation and modulate inflammatory and neuropathic
pain in animal models.

Conclusion:
The consensus of the literature search was that systemic CGA may facilitate pain
management via bolstering antioxidant defenses against inflammatory insults.
Novel Computational Approaches to Developing Potential STAT4 Silencing siRNAs for Immunomodulation of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Fookolaee Sakineh Poorhosein , Karkhah Samad , Saadi Mahdiye , Majumdar Subho , Karkhah Ahmad 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are known as commonly used targeting
mRNAs tools for suppressing gene expression. Since Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
4 (STAT4) is considered as a significant transcription factor for generation and differentiation
of Th1 cells during vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis, suppressing STAT4 could represent
novel immunomodulatory therapies against atherosclerosis.

Objective:
Therefore, the current study was conducted to design efficient siRNAs specific for
STAT4 and to evaluate different criteria affecting their functionality.

Methods:
In the present study, all related sequences of STAT4 gene were retrieved from Gen Bank
database. Multiple sequence alignment was carried out to recognize Open Reading Frame (ORF)
and conserved region. Then, siDirect 2.0 server was applied for the development of candidate siRNA
molecules and confirmation of predicted molecules was performed using Dharma siRNA technology
and GeneScript siRNA targetfinder. In addition, BLAST tool was used against whole Genebank
databases to identify potential off-target genes. DNA/RNA GC content calculator and mfold
server were used to calculate GC content and secondary structure prediction of designed siRNA,
respectively. Finally, IntaRNA program was used to study the thermodynamics of interaction between
predicted siRNA and target gene.

Results:
Based on the obtained results, three efficient siRNA molecules were designed and validated
for STAT4 gene silencing using computational methods, which may result in suppressing
STAT4 gene expression.

Conclusion:
According to our results, this study shows that siRNA targeting STAT4 can be considered
as a therapeutic agent in many Th1-mediated pathologic conditions specially atherosclerosis.
Women in LOVe: Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarian Diet Rich in Omega-3 Improves Vasomotor Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women. An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rotolo Ornella , Zinzi Iris , Veronese Nicola , Cisternino Anna M. , Reddavide Rosa , Inguaggiato Rosa , Leandro Gioacchino , Notarnicola Maria , Tutino Valeria , De Nunzio Valentina , De Leonardis Giampiero , Guerra Vito , Donghia Rossella , Fucilli Fabio , Licinio Raffaella , Mastrosimini Anna , Rinaldi Caterina C.M. , Daddabbo Tiziana , Giampaolo Nicola , Iacovazzi Palma A. , Giannico Sara , Caruso Maria G. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:In the postmenopausal period, most women suffer vasomotor symptoms (VMS). It is well-known that VMS can worsen the quality of life. Diet seems to play a relevant role in the development of VMS, but the effect of diet on VMS is mainly limited to observational studies, and analyses of nutritional supplements. The aim of this study was thus to determine the efficacy of a lactoovo- vegetarian (LOVe) diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids vs. a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet rich in EVO (extra-virgin olive oil) in reducing VMS frequency in postmenopausal women.Methods:A two-arms (lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet with EVO vs. lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet rich in omega-3) randomized-controlled trial with a follow-up period of 16 weeks. We considered as primary outcome the change in the Kupperman index (follow-up vs. baseline evaluation, reported as delta, D) and in its subscales. Secondary outcomes included changes in common anthropometric and biohumoral measurements.Results:Among 54 women randomly assigned to a study group, 40 (mean age 55.1±5.4 years) completed the study and complied with their assigned diet. Women randomized to the omega-3 group (n=18) showed significant improvements, compared to the EVO group (n=22), in Kupperman index (Δ=-11.4±9.8 vs. -5.9±8.2; p=0.045), hot flashes (Δ=-3.3±3.4 vs. -1.3±2.6; p=0.04), and a marginally significant improvement in nervousness (Δ=-1.7±1.7 vs. -0.8±1.5; p=0.07). No significant differences were observed for the secondary outcomes. No relevant side effects were reported.Conclusion:After 16 weeks, a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet rich in omega-3 reduced VMS frequency in postmenopausal women more than the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet rich in EVO.
Análisis del inventario de estrategias de aprendizaje y estudio en médicos de pregrado y posgrado
Authors: Morales Cadena Gabrie Mauricio , Valenzuela Siqueiros Ángela María , Fonseca Chávez Gabriela Mariana , Valente-Acosta Benjamín 
Published: October 2019

Introducción: El éxito y el fracaso académicos en los médicos egresados es un tema que adquiere mayor importancia en la investigación educativa moderna, y sobre el que es esencial ubicar su origen en la confluencia de múltiples factores, entre los que destacan el uso de inadecuadas estrategias de aprendizaje.
Objetivo: Analizar las características de las estrategias de aprendizaje que presentaron los estudiantes de medicina de diferentes años.
Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, analítico de corte transversal, en el que se aplicó el Inventario de Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Estudio (LASSI) a alumnos de medicina, médicos internos de pregrado y médicos residentes de diferentes especialidades.
Resultados: Se estudiaron un total de 180 alumnos, 60 para cada subgrupo (alumnos, internos y residentes). Cinco de las 10 escalas estudiadas se encuentran por debajo de la media. Al analizar los 3 componentes en su conjunto mediante la prueba Z, ninguno se encuentra por arriba de la media esperada. Si bien algunas escalas son estadísticamente significativas, no lo son en su conjunto, por lo que las estrategias de estudio, aprendizaje y actitudes son deficientes en los 3 grados estudiados.
Conclusiones: Resultó evidente el comportamiento homogéneo que demuestran residentes, internos y estudiantes en el proceso de aprendizaje, no existe una curva ascendente como sería de esperar.