bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rapid Deployment of a 3D Printed “Latticed” Nasopharyngeal Swab for COVID-19 Testing Made Using Digital Light Synthesis
Authors: Bennett Ian , Bulterys Philip L. , Chang Melody , DeSimone Joseph M. , Fralick Jennifer , Herring Marie , Kabaria Hardik , Kong Christina S. , Larson Blane , Lu Owen , Maxner Arielle , Meyer Elle , Patterson Shawn , Pollack Steven , Rolland Jason , Schmidt Steven , Seshadri Sridhar , Swarup Keshav , Thomas Chelsey , Van Wert Ryan 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic that has disrupted supply chains globally. This black swan event is challenging industries from all sectors of the economy including those industries directly needed to produce items that safeguard us from the disease itself, especially personal protection equipment (N95 masks, face shields) and much needed consumables associated with testing and vaccine delivery (swabs, vials and viral transfer medium). Digital manufacturing, especially 3D printing, has been promulgated as an important approach for the rapid development of new products as well as a replacement manufacturing technique for many traditional manufacturing methods, including injection molding, when supply chains are disrupted. Herein we report the use of Digital Light Synthesis (DLS) for the design and large-scale deployment of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs for testing of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans. NP swabs have been one of society’s essential products hardest hit by the supply chain disruptions caused by COVID-19. A latticed tip NP swab was designed and fabricated by DLS from a liquid resin previously developed and approved for use to make dental night guard devices. These latticed NP swabs demonstrated non-inferiority in a human clinical study of patients suspected of being infected with SARS-CoV-2.
T-cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 infection revealed by single-cell analysis
Authors: Kalfaoglu Bahire , Almeida-Santos José , Adele Tye Chanidapa , Satou Yorifumi , Ono Masahiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSevere COVID-19 patients can show respiratory failure, T-cell reduction, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which can be fatal in both young and aged patients and is a major concern of the pandemic. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of CRS in COVID-19 are poorly understood. Here we show single cell-level mechanisms for T-cell dysregulation in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and thereby demonstrate the mechanisms underlying T-cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 patients. Byin silicosorting CD4+ T-cells from a single cell RNA-seq dataset, we found that CD4+ T-cells were highly activated and showed unique differentiation pathways in the lung of severe COVID-19 patients. Notably, those T-cells in severe COVID-19 patients highly expressed immunoregulatory receptors and CD25, whilst repressing the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 and interestingly, both the differentiation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and Th17 was inhibited. Meanwhile, highly activated CD4+T-cells express PD-1 alongside macrophages that express PD-1 ligands in severe patients, suggesting that PD-1-mediated immunoregulation was partially operating. Furthermore, we show that CD25+hyperactivated T-cells differentiate into multiple helper T-cell lineages, showing multifaceted effector T-cells with Th1 and Th2 characteristics. Lastly, we show that CD4+T-cells, particularly CD25-expressing hyperactivated T-cells, produce the protease Furin, which facilitates the viral entry of SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, CD4+T-cells from severe COVID-19 patients are hyperactivated and FOXP3-mediated negative feedback mechanisms are impaired in the lung, while activated CD4+T-cells continue to promote further viral infection through the production of Furin. Therefore, our study proposes a new model of T-cell hyperactivation and paralysis that drives pulmonary damage, systemic CRS and organ failure in severe COVID-19 patients.
Female Excellence in Rock Climbing Likely Has an Evolutionary Origin
Authors: Carroll Collin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe human body is exceptional for many reasons, not the least of which is the wide variety of movements it is capable of executing. Because our species is able to execute so many discrete activities, researchers often disagree on which were the movements most essential to the evolution of our species. This paper continues a recently introduced analysis, that the performance gap between female and male athletes narrows in sports which most reflect movements humans evolved to do. Here, I examine the performance gap in rock climbing. Because rock climbing is so similar to tree climbing, which bountiful evidence suggests has been key to the origin and proliferation of our species, we would expect to see a narrow performance gap between men and women in the sport. Indeed, this is the case. Female climbers are some of the best in the world irrespective of gender, a trend that is not found in any other major sport. I conclude that exceptional ability of female climbers is further evidence of the existence of sex-blind musculoskeletal adaptations, which developed over the course of human evolution to facilitate essential movements. These adaptations abate the general physical sexual dimorphism which exists in humans. This paper provides more evidence that the performance gap in sport can be used as a measure of human evolution.
SARS-CoV-2 genome evolution exposes early human adaptations
Authors: Wright Erik S. , Lakdawala Seema S. , Cooper Vaughn S. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe set of mutations observed at the outset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may illuminate how the virus will adapt to humans as it continues to spread. Viruses are expected to quickly acquire beneficial mutations upon jumping to a new host species. Advantageous nucleotide substitutions can be identified by their parallel occurrence in multiple independent lineages and are likely to result in changes to protein sequences. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 is acquiring mutations more slowly than expected for neutral evolution, suggesting purifying selection is the dominant mode of evolution during the initial phase of the pandemic. However, several parallel mutations arose in multiple independent lineages and may provide a fitness advantage over the ancestral genome. We propose plausible reasons for several of the most frequent mutations. The absence of mutations in other genome regions suggests essential components of SARS-CoV-2 that could be the target of drug development. Overall this study provides genomic insights into how SARS-CoV-2 has adapted and will continue to adapt to humans.SUMMARYIn this study we sought signals of evolution to identify how the SARS-CoV-2 genome has adapted at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that the genome is largely undergoing purifying selection that maintains its ancestral sequence. However, we identified multiple positions on the genome that appear to confer an adaptive advantage based on their repeated evolution in independent lineages. This information indicates how SARS-CoV-2 will evolve as it diversifies in an increasing number of hosts.
Protection of grapevine pruning wounds againstPhaeomoniella chlamydosporaandDiplodia seriataby biological and chemical methods
Authors: Martínez-Diz María del Pilar , Díaz-Losada Emilia , Díaz-Fernández Ángela , Bouzas-Cid Yolanda , Gramaje David 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) Botryosphaeria dieback and esca threaten the sustainability of the grapevine industry worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various liquid (pyraclostrobin + boscalid and thiophanate methyl) and paste (paste + tebuconazole) formulation fungicide treatments, and biological control agents (Trichoderma atrovirideSC1 andT. atrovirideI-1237), for their potential to prevent infection of grapevine pruning wounds byDiplodia seriataandPhaeomoniella chlamydosporain two field trials over two growing seasons. Treatments were applied to freshly pruned wounds following their label dosages recommendations. After 24 hours, wounds were artificially inoculated with 400 spores ofD. seriataor 800 spores ofP. chlamydospora. Isolations were made from the treated pruning wounds after 12 months to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. Fungicide formulations were superior toTrichoderma-based treatments for the control of both pathogens during both growing seasons, with mean percent disease control of 44 to 95% forD. seriataand 46 to 67% forP. chlamydospora.Pyraclostrobin + boscalid was the most effective treatment.Trichoderma atroviride-based treatments did not reduce infection byD. seriataorP. chlamydosporacompared to the untreated inoculated control in both vineyards and seasons. This study represents the first vineyard assessment of several chemical and biological treatments to protect pruning wounds against GTDs fungi in Europe and provides growers with tangible preventative control practices to minimize yield losses due to GTDs.
Fast initial Covid-19 response means greater caution may be needed later
Authors: Hirschi Joël J.-M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs the Covid-19 pandemic unfolds it is becoming increasingly clear that the strength of the first wave of the epidemic varies significantly between countries. In this study a simple numerical model is used to illustrate the impact the timing of initial measures against Covid-19 has on the first wave of infection and possible implications this may have for the measures taken as the first wave is ebbing. The results highlight that delaying measures by 10 days is sufficient to largely account for the differences seen between countries such as the UK and Germany for the first wave of infections. A pronounced first wave means that a larger fraction of the total population will have been infected and is therefore likely to display immunity. Even if this fraction is far below the level needed for “herd immunity” the effective reproduction factor Re is decreased compared to a population that had no prior exposure to the virus. Even a small reduction in Re can have major influence on the evolution of the epidemic after the first wave of infections. A large first wave means the resulting value for Re will be lower than if the first wave was mild. Without either vaccine or effective treatment countries that experienced a small first wave should therefore relax measures at a slower pace than countries where the first wave was strong.
Application of pooled testing in screening and estimating the prevalence of COVID-19
Authors: Guha Pritha , Guha Apratim , Bandyopadhyay Tathagata 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recent emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented healthcare challenge and catastrophic economic and social consequences to the countries across the world. The situation is even worse for emerging economies like India. WHO recommends mass scale testing as one of the most effective ways to contain its spread and fight the pandemic. But, due to the high cost and shortage of test kits, specifically in India, the testing is restricted to only those who are symptomatic. In this context, pooled testing is recommended by some experts as a partial solution to overcome this problem. In this article, we explain the basic statistical theory behind the pooled testing procedure for screening as well as prevalence estimation. In real world situations, the tests are imperfect, and lead to false positive and false negative results. We provide theoretical explanation of the impact of these diagnostic errors on the performances of individual testing and pooled testing procedures. Finally, we study the effect of misspecification of sensitivity and specificity of tests on the estimate of prevalence, an issue, which is debated a lot among the scientists in the context of COVID-19. Our theoretical investigations lead to some interesting and precise understanding of some of these issues.
Study on the inhibition of hydrogen embrittlement of 7050 aluminum alloy in humid air by MAO coating
Authors: Cai S.W. , Zong Y. , Hua T.S. , Song R.G. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to verify the inhibition of the hydrogen permeation effect of the coating and to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the coating-induced stress.

Design/methodology/approach
By means of slow strain rate tensile testing (SSRT) in humid air, thickness measurement, fracture morphology, cross-section morphology and surface morphology, hydrogen content measurements, flow stress difference method.

Findings
The results demonstrate that the mechanism of the inhibition of hydrogen embrittlement by the coating is mainly attributed to the repression of hydrogen permeation and the additional coating-induced compressive stress.

Originality/value
It is proven that the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating does inhibit hydrogen entry into the alloy, and the stress induced by the MAO coating is compressive stress, which can restrain the hydrogen embrittlement of the alloy. Therefore, the mechanism of the inhibition of hydrogen embrittlement is dominated by the mechanisms of both hydrogen permeation inhibition and coating-induced stress.
Mitigating knowledge hiding in firms: an exploratory study
Authors: Butt Atif Saleem 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how firms can mitigate knowledge hiding behavior among their managers.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a multiple case study methodology for studying nine United Arab Emirates-based (UAE-based) firms. Furthermore, 26 semi-structured interviews with senior managers are undertaken.FindingsBased on the qualitative interviews and comprehensive data analysis, results unveil three strategies that firms can opt for in order to mitigate knowledge hiding behavior among managers (reducing chain of command, developing informal interaction among managers, introducing and implementing incentive policy.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has some limitations. First, the results of this study are not generalizable to a broader population. Second, this study explores behavioral patterns with respect to the UAE culture only.Practical implicationsFirms can use the findings from this study to understand strategies that can help them to mitigate the knowledge hiding behavior of managers.Originality/valueThis study contributes to knowledge hiding literature by revealing strategies which discourages knowledge hiding behavior in firms.
The importance of place and authenticity in adaptive reuse of heritage buildings
Authors: Yazdani Mehr Shabnam , Wilkinson Sara 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIn adaptive reuse, the importance of place referred to as “genius loci,” whereas authenticity refers to the design, materials, setting and workmanship of a building or place. Genius loci and authenticity are crucial evolving interconnected concepts; however, the concepts are usually studied separately, and consequently, overlooked in adaptive reuse practice. This paper provides precise definitions and a holistic understanding of these terms and discusses complications related to the understanding of the concepts in the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis is an acknowledged way of analysing information related to a subject area and allows researchers to provide new insights and knowledge in a particular area. This paper applies a critical content analysis of published works related to genius loci and authenticity over time.FindingsThe findings show the inter-relationship of genius loci and authenticity, and how these concepts can be considered in the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, in theory and in practice. Consequently, a checklist is proposed to enable all interested parties engaged with the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings to identify and preserve genius loci and authenticity.Originality/valueIdentity and values of heritage buildings are argued to be the strongest reasons for adaptation. Amongst a wide range of values associated with the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, place and authenticity are perceived to be the most confusing terms and concepts. Whilst place and authenticity are defined by many authors, their meaning and usage are subjective, which is a challenge in recognising and preserving the values they embody. This study contributes to the greater understanding of these concepts, their meanings and application in adaptive reuse.
Effects of economic deterrence variables and royalty rates on petroleum profit tax compliance in Nigeria: an empirical analysis
Authors: Ya’u Abba , Saad Natrah , Mas’ud Abdulsalam 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe oil and gas sector are among the nonrenewable energy sectors that contribute immensely to the economic development of more than 98 countries around the globe. Nigeria depends largely on revenue from oil and gas. Unfortunately, oil and gas companies mostly evade taxes. This study aims to investigate the effects of variables subsumed in the economic deterrence theory of Allingham and Sandmo (1972), which comprise (tax rate, penalty and detection probability) with one additional variable royalty rates (RR) on petroleum profit tax compliance (PPTC).Design/methodology/approachThe study used a survey to collect data from 300 local and multi-national oil and gas companies in Nigeria. SPSS version 25 and partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) version 3.8 were used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results reveal that there is a negatively significant relationship between tax rate and RR and PPTC. The findings also show a positive and significant relationship between penalty and detection probability and PPTC.Originality/valueThe implication of the current study is that the current tax rate and RR are determinants of PPTC in Nigeria. Policymakers, in collaboration with the tax authority, should revisit these variables to enhance the level of PPTC, which could lead to an overall improvement in the country’s tax revenue.
Heeding a missing link between field managers’ monitoring styles and salespersons’ performance in pharmaceutical selling context
Authors: Khan Faheem Ahmad , Shafi Khuram , Rajput Amer 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to reveal important insights by examining the relationships of two different field managers’ monitoring styles with performance through salespersons’ engagement.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from 318 salespersons’ from 20 pharmaceutical firms. Given the performance-driven nature of the pharmaceutical sales profession, field managers seek to adopt the best monitoring style, which can optimize individual’s performance while providing a healthy work environment.FindingsThe results from multivariate analysis show the evidence of positive relationship between interactional monitoring and salespersons’ engagement. The results also confirm that engagement partially mediates the proposed relationships.Originality/valueAuthors assimilate and extend research and theory on field managers’ monitoring, salespersons’ performance and salespersons’ engagement to advance a model of salespersons’ reactions to different monitoring styles based on self-determination theory. Perhaps in no other field, the salespersons-field managers’ relationship is as important as in the field of pharmaceutical selling. The study offers insights about the important consequence of two different monitoring styles; also the study is one of the exceptional efforts to provide evidence regarding the role of engagement in the relationship between two different monitoring styles and salespersons’ performance.
Does intention influence the financial literacy of depositors of Islamic banking? A case of Malaysia
Authors: Ganesan Yuvaraj , Allah Pitchay Anwar Bin , Mohd Nasser Mohd Aliff 
Published: May 2020

PurposeSince the establishment of Islamic banks in Malaysia since the 1980s, the banking system has undergone rampant development within the financial industry. It has resulted in a positive competitive challenge for the conventional banks and able to attract not just the Muslim customers, but also those non-Muslim customers. At the same time, understanding the customers' knowledge of Islamic banking products is an interesting issue to explore. This issue is raised because the Islamic bank products are often packaged using Arabic terms, even though it is marketed in non-Arabic countries like Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors that influence the intention of the Islamic banking customers as the result of relying on some information produced by Malaysian Islamic banks.Design/methodology/approachThis study is conducted using the existing underpinning theory of planned behaviour (TPB). A total of 300 questionnaires were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsThe results indicated that perceived behavioural control, attitude and subjective norms of the Islamic banking depositors are positively influenced by the intention of the depositors to learn about Islamic banking.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the main issues faced in this study is the result cannot be generalised. It is not possible to know based on the collected data if the sample is representative, other than the fact that all of the respondents are Islamic bank depositors. Nevertheless, it can still be a catalyst for further research as a link to existing findings in the area. There might be a bias on the understanding of the respondents about Islamic banking. This is due to the fact that Malaysia is a multi-racial population. Malay people might have a better understanding and basic knowledge about Islamic banking than the Chinese, Indians and other races. This cultural bias could be overcome in future studies by identifying respondents who have experiences in dealing with Islamic banking.Originality/valueThis study provides interesting insights of the Malaysian banking industry in terms of the multi-racial customers' intention to learn about Islamic banking, which is scarcely discussed in the extant literature.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-01-2019-0011.