bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to work out and avoid procrastination: The role of goal focus
Authors: Kaftan Oliver J. , Freund Alexandra M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis 8‐week longitudinal experience sampling study with N = 346 participants (n = 242 completers) of a high‐intensity interval training program explored how goal focus (i.e., a focus on the process vs. outcome of goal pursuit) is related to procrastination and successful goal pursuit. Specifically, the study investigated the association between goal focus and participants' adherence to their workout plans (i.e., procrastination), their immediate experience during the workout (e.g., pleasantness), and their intentions to work out when they were procrastinating. Moreover, the study examined how process and outcome focus are linked to overall goal achievement, workout satisfaction, and objective fitness gains. Converging with previous research, results suggest that adopting a process focus is adaptive. In addition, the analyses revealed some positive relationships between outcome focus and immediate indicators of successful goal pursuit. However, in contrast to process focus, outcome focus was not related to the overall measures and even seemed maladaptive once people were procrastinating.
Regenerative surgery versus access flap for the treatment of intra‐bony periodontal defects: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Koidou Vasiliki P. , Nieri Michele , Barbato Luigi , Pagliaro Umberto , Cairo Francesco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this systematic review was to compare clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) in intra‐bony defects treated with regenerative surgery or access flap.Materials and MethodsA systematic review protocol was written following the PRISMA checklist. Electronic and hand searches were performed to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on regenerative treatment of deep intra‐bony defects (≥3 mm) with a follow‐up of at least 12 months. Primary outcome variables were probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and tooth loss. Secondary outcome variables were Rec, radiographic bone gain, pocket “closure,” PROMs and adverse events. Meta‐analysis was carried out when possible. To evaluate treatment effect, odds ratios were combined for dichotomous data and mean differences for continuous data using a random‐effect model.ResultsA total of 79 RCTs (88 articles) published from 1990 to 2019 and accounting for 3,042 patients and 3,612 intra‐bony defects were included in this systematic review. Only 10 of included studies were rated at low risk of bias. A total of 13 meta‐analyses were performed. All regenerative procedures provided adjunctive benefit in terms of CAL gain (1.34 mm; 0.95–1.73) compared with open flap debridement alone. Both enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) were superior to OFD alone in improving CAL (1.27 mm; 0.79–1.74 mm and 1.43 mm; 0.76–2.22, respectively), although with moderate–high heterogeneity. Among biomaterials, the addition of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) improved the clinical outcomes of both GTR with resorbable barriers and EMD. Papillary preservation flaps enhanced the clinical outcomes. The strength of evidence was low to moderate.ConclusionEMD or GTR in combination with papillary preservation flaps should be considered the treatment of choice for residual pockets with deep (≥3 mm) intra‐bony defects.
Relationship between herpesviruses and periodontal disease progression
Authors: Emecen‐Huja Pinar , Danaher Robert J. , Dawson Dolphus R. , Wang Chunmei , Kryscio Richard J. , Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Miller Craig S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the role of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and anaerobic bacteria in the progression of periodontitis.MethodsEighty‐one adults with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis were randomly assigned to: oral hygiene or scaling and root planning ± placebo or polyunsaturated fatty acids fish oil. Subgingival plaque samples collected from three healthy and three disease sites at weeks 0, 16, and 28 and from sites demonstrating disease progression were analysed for EBV, CMV, P. gingivalis (Pg), T. forsythia (Tf), and T. denticola (Td) DNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsCytomegalovirus was detected in 0.3% (4/1454) sites. EBV was present in 12.2% of healthy sites (89/728) and 27.6% disease sites (201/726; p < .0001), but was in low copy number. Disease progression occurred in 28.4% of participants (23/81) and developed predominantly at sites identified as diseased (75/78; 96.2%). CMV and EBV were not associated with disease progression (p = .13) regardless of treatment. In contrast, disease sites were associated with higher levels of Pg, Td, Tf, and total bacteria, and sites that exhibited disease progression were associated with an abundance of Td and Tf (p < .04).ConclusionDisease progression was associated with Gram‐negative anaerobic bacteria; not EBV or CMV.
Assessing the potential for post‐ejaculatory female choice in a polyandrous beach‐spawning fish
Authors: Orbach Dara N. , Rooke Anna C. , Evans Jonathan P. , Pitcher Trevor E. , Purchase Craig F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn species with limited opportunities for pre‐ejaculatory sexual selection (behavioural components), post‐ejaculatory mechanisms may provide opportunities for mate choice after gametes have been released. Recent evidence from a range of taxa has revealed that cryptic female choice (i.e., female‐mediated differential fertilization bias), through chemical cues released with or from eggs, can differentially regulate the swimming characteristics of sperm from various males and ultimately determine male fertilization success under sperm competition. We assessed the potential role that such female‐modulated chemical cues play in influencing sperm swimming characteristics in beach‐spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus), an externally fertilizing fish that mates as couples (one male and one female) or threesomes (two males and one female) with presumably limited opportunities for pre‐ejaculatory sexual selection. We assayed sperm swimming characteristics under varying doses and donor origins of egg cues and also examined the possibility of assortative mating based on body size. We found mating groups were not associated by size, larger males did not produce better quality ejaculates, and egg cues (regardless of dosage or donor identity) did not influence sperm swimming characteristics. Our findings suggest that intersexual pre‐ejaculatory sexual selection and cryptic female choice mediated by female chemical cues are poorly developed in capelin, possibly due to unique natural selection constraints on reproduction.
Exercise‐induced lordosis in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Printzi Alice , Fragkoulis Stefanos , Dimitriadi Anastasia , Keklikoglou Kleoniki , Arvanitidis Christos , Witten P. Eckhard , Koumoundouros George 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe anabolic effect of exercise on muscles and bones is well documented. In teleost fish, exercise has been shown to accelerate skeletogenesis, to increase bone volume, and to change the shape of vertebral bodies. Still, increased swimming has also been reported to induce malformations of the teleost vertebral column, particularly lordosis. This study examines whether zebrafish (Danio rerio) develops lordosis as a result of continuous physical exercise. Zebrafish were subjected, for 1 week, to an increased swimming exercise of 5.0, 6.5 or 8.0 total body lengths (TL) per second. Control and exercise group zebrafish were examined for the presence of vertebral abnormalities, by in vivo examination, whole mount staining for bone and cartilage and histology and micro‐computed tomography (CT) scanning. Exercise zebrafish developed a significantly higher rate of lordosis in the haemal part of the vertebral column. At the end of the experiment, the frequency of lordosis in the control groups was 0.5 ± 1.3% and that in the exercise groups was 7.5 ± 10.6%, 47.5 ± 10.6% and 92.5 ± 6.0% of 5.0, 6.5 and 8.0 TL∙s−1, respectively. Histological analysis and CT scanning revealed abnormal vertebrae with dorsal folding of the vertebral body end plates. Possible mechanisms that trigger lordotic spine malformations are discussed. This is the first study to report a quick, reliable and welfare‐compatible method of inducing skeletal abnormalities in a vertebrate model during the post‐embryonic period.
Clinical relevance of innovative immunoassays for serum ustekinumab and anti‐ustekinumab antibody levels in Crohn's disease
Authors: Morita Yasuhiro , Imai Takayuki , Bamba Shigeki , Takahashi Kenichiro , Inatomi Osamu , Miyazaki Takako , Watanabe Kenji , Nakamura Shiro , Yoshida Atsushi , Endo Yutaka , Ohmiya Naoki , Tsujikawa Tomoyuki , Andoh Akira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimUstekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody to the p40 subunit of human IL‐12/IL‐23. The purpose of this report is to verify the newly developed immunoassays for serum ustekinumab and anti‐ustekinumab antibody (AUA) concentrations and assess their clinical utility.MethodsSerum ustekinumab trough levels and AUA levels were measured using new immunoassays in 38 patients with Crohn's disease under ustekinumab maintenance injection.ResultsMean ustekinumab trough levels were 2.54 ± 2.1 μg/mL, and 3 of 38 patients (7.9%) were positive for AUAs. There was no association between ustekinumab trough levels and AUA levels. The optimal trough level of ustekinumab to maintain negative C‐reactive protein levels (≤ 0.3 mg/dL) was 1.67 μg/mL determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Ustekinumab trough level negatively but significantly correlated with C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and Crohn's disease activity index and positively and significantly correlated with serum albumin levels. Ustekinumab trough levels were significantly higher in biologics‐naïve patients than in biologics‐experienced patients, although there was no difference in AUA levels.ConclusionsWe developed new assays for serum ustekinumab trough and AUA levels. These assays might provide new insights into therapeutic drug monitoring‐based management of Crohn's disease patients under ustekinumab therapy.
Does taking selfies lead to increased desire to undergo cosmetic surgery
Authors: Shome Debraj , Vadera Sapna , Male Shiva Ram , Kapoor Rinky 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIndia is the country with the highest number of selfie‐related deaths. However, little is known whether this selfie craze contributes toward the behavioral changes and desire to undergo cosmetic procedures & surgery.AimTo analyse how taking, altering and posting selfies on social media, affects individuals’ self‐esteem, confidence, body image perception and mood in the Indian population. And to see whether the practice of taking selfies leads to the promotion of self‐image dysmorphia and an increased desire to undergo cosmetic surgical procedures.MethodsA total of 300 participants from four Indian cities (75 each from Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Mumbai) were included in the study. The study experimentally tested whether taking and posting selfie, with and without photograph retouching, elicits changes in mood, body image, and desire to undergo cosmetic surgery among young men and women.ResultsA significant increase in the level of social anxiety (P < .004), feeling of decrease in confidence (P < .002), feeling of decrease in physical attractiveness (P < .001) and the desire to undergo cosmetic surgery (P < .001) was noted in the experimental group. Also, all the findings were higher in women compared with men.ConclusionThis first of its kind experimental study in the Indian population highlights the deleterious effects of uploading selfies on human mankind and well‐being. The prevalent obsessively looks‐oriented culture is engulfing our youth's innocence and warrants immediate attention. Few steps taken in the right direction and at the right time can save us from the disastrous effects of this selfie craze in future.
Clinical Study of the Influence of Ambient Light Scanning Conditions on the Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of an Intraoral Scanner
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Subramanian Sai Ganesh , Özcan Mutlu , Krishnamurthy Vinayak Raman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo quantify the impact of ambient lighting conditions on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of an intraoral scanner (IOS) when maxillary complete‐arch and maxillary right quadrant digital scans were performed in a patient.Material and MethodsOne complete dentate patient was selected. A complete maxillary arch vinyl polysiloxane impression was obtained and poured using Type IV dental stone. The working cast was digitized using a laboratory scanner (E4 Dental Scanner; 3Shape) and the reference standard tessellation language (STL file) was obtained. Two groups were created based on the extension of the maxillary digital scans performed namely complete‐arch (CA group) and right quadrant (RQ) groups. The CA and RQ digital scans of the patient were performed using an IOS (TRIOS 3; 3Shape) with 4 lighting conditions chair light (CL), 10 000 lux, room light (RL), 1003 lux, natural light (NL), 500 lux, and no light (ZL), 0 lux. Ten digital scans per group at each ambient light settings (CL, RL, NL, and ZL) were consecutively obtained (n = 10). The STLR file was used to analyze the discrepancy between the digitized working cast and digital scans using MeshLab software. Kruskal‐Wallis, one‐way ANOVA, and pair‐wise comparison were used to analyze the data.ResultsSignificant difference in the trueness and precision values were found across different lighting conditions where RL condition obtained the lowest absolute error compared with the other lighting conditions tested followed by CL, NL, and ZL. On the CA group, RL condition also obtained the best accuracy values, CL and NL conditions performed closely and under ZL condition the mean error presented the highest values. On the RQ group, CL condition presented the lowest absolute error when compared with the other lighting conditions evaluated. A pair‐wise multicomparison showed no significant difference between NL and ZL conditions. In all groups, the standard deviation was higher than the mean errors from the control mesh, indicating that the relative precision was low.ConclusionsLight conditions significantly influenced on the scanning accuracy of the IOS evaluated. RL condition obtained the lowest absolute error value of the digital scans performed. The extension of the digital scan was a scanning accuracy influencing factor. The higher the extension of the digital scan performed, the lower the accuracy values obtained. Furthermore, ambient light scanning conditions influenced differently depending on the extension of the digital scans made.
Population pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime and uptake into hip and spine bone of patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Gergs Ulrich , Becker Lina , Okoniewski Richard , Weiss Michael , Delank Karl-Stefan , Neumann Joachim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To reduce the incidence of peri- or postoperative infections in orthopaedic surgery, patients are prophylactically treated with antibiotics. Here, we wanted to know whether effective bone and intervertebral disc concentrations of cefuroxime are reached.

Methods
Patients undergoing surgery of hip (N = 40; 62.5% male) or spine (N = 40; 55% male) were pretreated with 1.5 g of the second-generation cephalosporin cefuroxime before surgery. We studied plasma population kinetics and bone and intervertebral disc (C5/6 till L5/S1) concentrations of cefuroxime using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Key findings
The plasma kinetics of cefuroxime in 80 patients was analysed using a population approach. The clearance amounted to 7.86 l/h. The peripheral and central volumes of distribution were estimated as 8.45 and 10.4 l, respectively. The concentrations in hip samples amounted to 9.8 ± 0.6 µg/g in cancellous bone and 8.9 ± 0.8 µg/g in cortical bone. Cefuroxime concentrations in vertebral bone and intervertebral discs were calculated as 9.6 ± 1.3 and 8.9 ± 1.1 µg/g, respectively.

Conclusion
Even if a majority of patients undergoing hip or spine surgery probably achieved adequate concentrations of cefuroxime, not all patients reached bone concentrations of cefuroxime above a recommended breakpoint for susceptible germs at the time of surgery.
Patient‐reported outcome measure for obstructive sleep apnea: Symptoms, Tiredness, Alertness, Mood and Psychosocial questionnaire: Preliminary results
Authors: Mehta Nishchay , Mandavia Rishi , Patel Ankit , Zhang Henry , Liu Zi‐Wei , Kotecha Bhik , Veer Vik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common chronic condition that has a significant impact on the biopsychosocial aspects of the patient's life. There is currently no psychometrically validated patient‐reported outcome measure to assess the impact of this condition on the health‐related quality of life. We designed a novel instrument based on common patient statements, prioritized by patient preference. Sixty‐three patients with OSA and 33 participants with no symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing were asked to complete a 20‐item initial questionnaire. The acceptability, reliability and validity of the instrument were assessed using known psychometric techniques. The instrument had strong acceptability and was completed within 180 s with no missing data. Five items were removed as they had a high ceiling factor. A further three items were removed as they did not represent the central construct uniquely. The final 12‐item instrument had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.91), strong test–retest reliability (p = .83) and high discriminant validity when comparing mean total scores of controls (6.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.67–9.08) and those with OSA (31.39; 95% CI, 27.94–34.84) (p < .001). Further studies are planned to help validate this instrument for clinical use.
Naps reliably estimate nocturnal sleep spindle density in health and schizophrenia
Authors: Mylonas Dimitrios , Tocci Catherine , Coon William G. , Baran Bengi , Kohnke Erin J. , Zhu Lin , Vangel Mark G. , Stickgold Robert , Manoach Dara S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSleep spindles, defining oscillations of non‐rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep (N2), mediate memory consolidation. Spindle density (spindles/minute) is a stable, heritable feature of the sleep electroencephalogram. In schizophrenia, reduced spindle density correlates with impaired sleep‐dependent memory consolidation and is a promising treatment target. Measuring sleep spindles is also important for basic studies of memory. However, overnight sleep studies are expensive, time consuming and require considerable infrastructure. Here we investigated whether afternoon naps can reliably and accurately estimate nocturnal spindle density in health and schizophrenia. Fourteen schizophrenia patients and eight healthy controls had polysomnography during two overnights and three afternoon naps. Although spindle density was lower during naps than nights, the two measures were highly correlated. For both groups, naps and nights provided highly reliable estimates of spindle density. We conclude that naps provide an accurate, reliable and more scalable alternative to measuring spindle density overnight.
Multi‐Word Expressions in Second Language Writing: A Large‐Scale Longitudinal Learner Corpus Study
Authors: Siyanova‐Chanturia Anna , Spina Stefania 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present study, we sought to advance the field of learner corpus research by tracking the development of phrasal vocabulary in essays produced at two different points in time. To this aim, we employed a large pool of second language (L2) learners (N= 175) from three proficiency levels—beginner, elementary, and intermediate—and focused on an underrepresented L2 (Italian). Employing mixed‐effects models, a flexible and powerful tool for corpus data analysis, we analyzed learner combinations in terms of five different measures: phrase frequency, mutual information, lexical gravity, delta Pforward, and delta Pbackward. Our findings suggest a complex picture, in which higher proficiency and greater exposure to the L2 do not result in more idiomatic and targetlike output, and may, in fact, result in greater reliance on low frequency combinations whose constituent words are non‐associated or mutually attracted.
The Many Shades of Bilingualism: Language Experiences Modulate Adaptations in Brain Structure
Authors: Pliatsikas Christos , DeLuca Vincent , Voits Toms 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent years have seen an expansion in the research related to structural brain adaptations related to the acquisition and processing of additional languages. However, the accumulating evidence remains to a great extent inconsistent, with a large variety of cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar effects reported in various studies. Here we propose that the variability in the data can be explained by the differences in the language background and experiences of the tested samples. We also propose that the field should move away from monolithic bilingual versus monolingual comparisons; instead, it should focus on the experiences of the bilingual groups as predictors of structural changes in the brain, and also employ longitudinal designs to test the dynamic effects of active bilingualism. The implications of the proposed approaches for the suggested benefits of bilingualism on ageing and patient populations are also discussed.
Buying Amendments? Lobbyists' Campaign Contributions and Microlegislation in the Creation of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: McKay Amy Melissa 
Published: December 2019

When do campaign contributions matter? This article advances the claim that a group that gives campaign contributions to US Members of Congress is more likely to achieve legislative success when (1) a single legislator can deliver to the group (2) a private benefit (3) without attracting negative attention. Using an original data set based on the written comments of nearly 900 interest groups lobbying the US Senate Finance Committee on health reform legislation in 2009, I link group requests to corresponding legislation. The analysis shows a significant relationship between lobby groups' campaign contributions and their legislative success, and at distinct units of analysis—the group, the side, and the group‐senator dyad. The relationship is particularly strong in predicting senators’ amendments in committee. The rare data presented here offer compelling evidence that interest groups' legislative victories are sometimes connected to campaign contributions in a way that previous studies could not identify.