bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors related to second hand smoking exposure, knowledge and response among adolescents in rural Puducherry
Authors: Arikrishnan Kalaiselvy , Sarveswaran Gokul , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Sakthivel Manikandanesan , Majella Marie Gilbert , Lakshminarayanan Subitha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of Second Hand Smoking (SHS) and assess the factors related to exposure, knowledge and response to SHS among adolescents in rural Puducherry, South India.

Methods
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents during March and April 2018. Two out of four villages were selected randomly and all the adolescents were contacted through household visit and questionnaire was administered. Semi structured questionnaire contained three sections: sociodemographic details, environmental assessment and third section contained knowledge about SHS, COTPA and response towards being exposed to SHS, as well as exposure history. Continuous variables like age were summarized as mean (SD). Categorical variables such as awareness, attitude and practise towards SHS were summarized as proportions with 95% confidence interval.

Results
Total number of adolescents interviewed was 789. The mean age of the study participants were 14.1 (2.4) years and majority, 440 (55.8%) were boys and 684 (86.7%) belonged to nuclear family. More than one fourth, 210 (26.6%) belonged to middle class of socio-economic status. Environmental assessment of household showed more than half, 456 (57.8%) were staying in pucca house and majority 642 (81.4%) had adequate cross ventilation. It was found that about 70.1% had adequate knowledge about SHS and its harmful effects. Prevalence of exposure to SHS was 49%. Majority (40.5%) told that they will scold or advice the family member to stop smoking if they are exposed to SHS in the living place. However, almost 80% of adolescents mentioned that they will no’t react if they see someone smoking in a public place.

Conclusions
Current study found that almost half of the adolescents were exposed to SHS. Even though, almost three fourth had adequate knowledge, attitude towards preventing SHS in public place was found to be poor. Hence, adolescents need to be motivated enough to address the problem in the public place through motivational counselling in adolescent clinics by health care workers.
Utilization rate and factors influencing the use of HIV counseling and testing services among young females: a community-based study from Nigeria
Authors: Amoo Babatunde Abiodun , Dairo David Magbagbeola , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Omoleke Semeeh Akinwale 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to explore the utilization rate and factors influencing the use of HCT services among young females in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Methods
This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 404 females, aged 15–24 years, residing in Ikorodu, Nigeria. Study tool was a questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS version 16 software.

Results
The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 19.3 (±2.6) years and 90.1% were single. Only 148 (36.6%) respondents had ever utilized the HCT service, of which only 40.5% of them were adolescents. Amongst those that had ever utilized HCT services (n=148), only 60.1% of them did so within 12 months prior to the study while only 33.8% of them initiated the demand for testing themselves. According to the respondents, the top two barriers to the utilization of HCT services were: fear of discrimination (82.9%); and fear of unavailability of access to treatment (68.0%), while the top two factors that facilitates its use were: the adoption of counseling-before-testing approach in the HCT service centers (85.9%); and peoples' need for HIV status declaration prior to getting a job employment/marriage partner (85.1%).

Conclusions
The study shows that utilization of HCT service remains low among the respondents. There is an urgent need to encourage the utilization of HCT services among young females in Ikorodu, Nigeria.
“I think meningitis is a virus, while septicaemia might be caused by bacteria.” A study of vaccination views, disease awareness and MenACWY and MMR uptake among freshers at a London university
Authors: Jones Sophie , Cortina Borja Mario , Bedford Helen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
University students are at particular risk of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Group W, an aggressive strain, is increasing in prevalence and the high case-fatality rate is concerning. Adolescents have been offered the MenACWY vaccine since 2015. National uptake has been low, leaving students vulnerable to infection.

Objectives
To investigate MenACWY uptake, knowledge of IMD and attitudes towards vaccination among UCL first-year students.

Methods
A mixed methods approach was used, involving a questionnaire (n=144) and follow-up interviews (n=13). Students were asked for demographic details and questions including vaccination status, awareness of the vaccine, other vaccination history and knowledge of IMD, which was assessed through true/false/unsure statements. Interviews explored these issues in more detail as well as their suggestions for making vaccination more accessible for students.

Results
MenACWY uptake was 84%, with more socioeconomically disadvantaged students being less likely to be vaccinated (aOR=0.117, p=0.006). Most students thought vaccines were safe and important. Students with above average knowledge were more likely to be vaccinated (OR=3.057, p=0.019). Vaccination views were positive and knowledge level was moderate to high. Reasons for non-vaccination included illness, laziness, forgetfulness and difficulty with GP access. Of concern, many students believed that the vaccine prevents any cause of meningitis.

Conclusion
High vaccine uptake is essential to protect students. Uptake at University College London is higher than at other universities in previous studies. This research highlights several areas requiring further study and has implications for university vaccination policy.
Stability in 𝐿𝑞-norm for inverse source parabolic problems
Authors: Melnig Elena-Alexandra 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We consider systems of parabolic equations coupled in zero and first order terms.
We establish Lipschitz estimates in

L
q

{L^{q}}

-norms,

2
≤
q
≤
∞

{2\leq q\leq\infty}

, for the source in terms of the solution in a subdomain.
The main tool is a family of appropriate Carleman estimates with general weights, in Lebesgue spaces, for nonhomogeneous parabolic systems.
Platelet morphology
Authors: Robier Christoph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The examination of a peripheral blood smear is mandatory in case of unexplained thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis. First, the number of platelets should be estimated in order to confirm the platelet count determined by the haematology analyser, and to rule out causes of spuriously low or elevated platelet counts. Second, the size and morphological features of the platelets, which may provide information on the underlying cause of the low or enhanced platelet count, have to be assessed.

Content
This review summarizes the physiological and pathological features of platelet size and morphology, circulating megakaryocytes, micromegakaryocytes and megakaryoblasts, and provides an overview of current guidelines on the reporting of platelet morphology.

Summary
In the diagnostic work-up of a patient with thrombocytopenia, the size of the platelets is of diagnostic relevance. Thrombocytopenia with small platelets is suggestive of a defect in platelet production, whereas the presence of large platelets is more likely to be associated with enhanced platelet turnover or hereditary thrombocytopenias. Morphological platelet abnormalities may affect the granulation and the shape and are frequently associated with abnormalities of platelet size. Platelet anomalies can be found in various haematologic disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia or hereditary thrombocytopenias.
Nonlinear analysis of high accuracy and reliability in traffic flow prediction
Authors: Dai Liming , Wang Luyao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor quantitatively identifying the chaotic patterns in traffic flow prediction, certain types of Duffing systems can be used. The accuracy and reliability of numerical results of the system’s solution have significant influence on the traffic flow prediction. The nonlinear dynamic behavior of Duffing system used for the traffic flow prediction is investigated in this research. The solutions of the system are developed and solved numerically by using the P-T method. The regular and irregular responses of the system considered are graphically illustrated with the newly developed P-R method. Based on the results of the research, the frequency and amplitude of the external excitations applied on the system significantly affecting the nonlinear dynamic behavior therefore the traffic flow prediction in transferring the results by Wigner-Ville transform. Additionally, a comparison between the P-T and Runge-Kutta method is conducted in regarding the accuracy and reliability of the methods.
Cellulose hydrogel skeleton by extrusion 3D printing of solution
Authors: Hu Xiangzhou , Yang Zhijie , Kang Senxian , Jiang Man , Zhou Zuowan , Gou Jihua , Hui David , He Jing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on earth, which has obtained increasing interest in the field of functional materials development for its renewable, high mechanical performance and environmental benign. In this study, the traditional processing method (wet spinning and film production) of cellulose-based materials was applied by using cellulose solution for 3D printing, which can directly build complex 3D patterns. Herein, a natural cellulose is dissolved in an effective mixed aqueous solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH). The cellulose solution extrusion was controlled by a modified fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. During the controlled extrusion 3D printing process, the viscous cellulose solution will gelifies and further solidifies into a predetermined 3D pattern at room temperature in air. Subsequently, a cellulose hydrogel skeleton was obtained, when the 3D pattern was solvent-exchanged with deionized water. Finally, the mechanical and swelling performance of the cellulose hydrogel scaffold was improved by a cross-linking agent treatment method. With treatment of the 3D printed scaffolds in 0.8 wt% cross-linking agent solution, the obtained cellulose hydrogel could absorb 28 g/g water, and the compression strength was 96 kPa. This work provided an efficient way to prepare natural cellulose hydrogel by 3D printing under room temperature.
Risk assessment of Ni, Cr, and Si release from alkaline minerals during enhanced weathering
Authors: Haque Fatima , Chiang Yi Wai , Santos Rafael M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Calcium- and magnesium-rich alkaline silicate minerals, when applied to soil, can aid in carbon dioxide sequestration via enhanced weathering. The weathering of these silicate minerals is also associated with the release of heavy metals such as Ni and Cr, depending on the composition of the parent rock, and also labile Si. This paper critically analyses the risk associated with the release of Ni, Cr, and Si from alkaline silicate minerals as a result of enhanced weathering to evaluate its potential to be applied as a soil amendment. Based on the available data in the literature, this study evaluates the soil contamination level and quantifies the risk these elements pose to human health as well as the environment. To assess these potential threat levels, the geoaccumulation index was applied, along with the method recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency for health risk assessment. The main findings of this study indicate the potential release of Ni, Cr, and Si to exceed the soil quality guideline value. The geochemical index suggests that the analyzed samples are in the class 0–3 and represents sites that lie between uncontaminated zones to highly contaminated zones. The hazard index value for Ni and Cr is greater than unity, which suggests that Ni and Cr release poses a non-carcinogenic risk. The probability of labile Si concentration in the soil to exceed the critical value is found to be 75%.
Assessing yield stability in African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) performance using year effect
Authors: Aremu Charity , Ige Sunday A. , Ibirinde Dolapo , Raji Ibrahim , Abolusoro Stephen , Ajiboye Babatunde , Obaniyi Samuel , Adekiya Aruna , Asaleye Abiola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Maintaining yield stability in the African yam bean (AYB) (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) under year-to-year variability is crucial to its sustained productivity. Exploring yield stability in crops is vital in identifying how stable and consistent the yield of such crops is. Cultivation of AYB, an underutilized traditional legume in a specific environment, will further popularize the crop and enhance the acceptance as a cheap protein source thereby reducing hunger and malnutrition especially in regions where climate change has negatively affected legume crop production. Field trials were carried out to study the performance of 23 AYB genotypes in four-year environments. Two seeds of each genotype were sown in a single 5 m row plot spaced at 1 m between and within rows; the trial was conducted during the cropping season of 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 and was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. At harvesting, five plants from each row were separately harvested; seeds of all the sampled plants in each plot were bulked and weighed, and the seed yield per plant was then determined. A combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test for the significance of genotypes, year, and genotype by year interaction. Before combined ANOVA, a test for homogeneity of residual variances was performed using Bartlet’s test; stability of the genotypes over the years was ascertained numerically and graphically using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction and Genotype X Genotype X Environment interaction (GGE) biplot analyses. Rainfall distribution between 680 and 1,700 mm with an average temperature of 28.50°C under sandy-clay soil type supported high and stable seed yield production in AYB. This environment was found adequate during the 2014 (E1) growing season. Genotypes TSs118, TSs12, TSs109, TSs148, TSs5, TSs61, and TSs69 produced an above-average mean yield across the years and were found to be productive and stable in all the year environments. TSs82 and TSs6 with above-average mean seed and tuber yield can be considered for cultivation where seed and tuber dual-purpose production is to be maximized, while TSs111, TSs49, and TSs96 with high tuber yield ranking above average total tuber yield can be further enhanced for tuber production.
Walnut leaf extract-based green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles via microwave irradiation and their characteristics assessment
Authors: Sheikhlou Kosar , Allahyari Somaiyeh , Sabouri Sima , Najian Yahya , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) have predominant characteristics compared to that in their bulk usage due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. The walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extract containing different bioactive compounds that act as reductant and stabilizing agents has been used for the green synthesis of the Se NPs. Influences of two synthetic variables, namely, the amount of selenium salt solution ranging from 15 to 25 mL and the amount of walnut leaf extract ranging from 1 to 5 mL, on broad emission peak (λ
max) and absorbance of colloidal solutions having Se NPs were evaluated via the response surface methodology. Obtained results indicated that using microwave radiation (800 W for 4 min) and 5 mL of walnut leaf extract and 15 mL of selenium salt solution, Se NPs with λ
max, absorbance, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential values of 375 nm, 3.65% absorbance unit (a.u.), 208 nm, 0.206, and −24.7 mV were synthesized, which had high bactericidal activity toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The transmission electron microscopy analysis also indicated that spherical and monodispersed Se NPs with a mean particle size of 150 nm were formed using the walnut leaf extract.
An Assessment of the Occurrence of Selected Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteria of the Genus Campylobacter Collected from Horses
Authors: Selwet Marek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the frequency of Campylobacter spp. bacteria occurrence in female Hutsul horses, and the presence of selected virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics among the isolates obtained in the experiment. One hundred (n = 100) healthy mares were tested. Campylobacter spp. bacteria were found in 9 (n = 9) animals, 89% (n = 8) of which were described as C. jejuni. There were no C. coli or C. lari found. Analyses of C. jejuni isolates revealed the presence of selected virulence genes in the following order: cadF (n = 5), cdtA (n = 1) and cdtB (n = 3). The following antibiotics were used to test the antibiotic resistance of the bacteria: ampicillin (AMP), ciprofloxacin (CIP), erythromycin (E), gentamicin (GE), meropenem (MEM) and tetracycline (TE). C. jejuni were completely sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, and tetracycline.
Eine neue solidarische Grundsicherung
Authors: Schöb Ronnie 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungEin moderner und nachhaltiger Sozialstaat braucht eine gesunde Mischung aus staatlicher Fürsorge und Eigenverantwortung. Die Hartz-Reformen waren ein Versuch, die richtige Mischung herzustellen, mit dem Prinzip des Förderns und Forderns in der Grundsicherung. Zahlreiche Menschen sind seither nicht mehr länger auf staatliche Fürsorge angewiesen, sondern können wieder für sich selbst sorgen. Doch zeigen sich zunehmend auch Schwächen eines in die Jahre gekommenen Grundsicherungssystems, insbesondere an den Schnittstellen zwischen seinen unterschiedlichen Instrumenten. Ronnie Schöb entwickelt eine neue Grundsicherungsarchitektur, die das vorhandene Instrumentarium der Sozialpolitik besser nutzt und aufeinander abstimmt. Sie setzt an einer ursachenorientierten Existenzsicherung an. Drei Eckpunkte charakterisieren das neue System: (1) eine zu versteuernde Kindergrundsicherung, die Familien stärker als bislang unterstützt, (2) eine Wohnbedarfssicherung und (3) eine Regelbedarfssicherung für Erwerbsfähige. Die neuen Grundsicherungsleistungen sind so miteinander verzahnt, dass die Schnittstellenprobleme nicht mehr auftreten und zugleich der Anreiz zur Selbsthilfe gegenüber dem jetzigen System deutlich gestärkt wird.
Papyrusmaterial aus Elephantine und seine signifikanten Merkmale
Authors: Krutzsch Myriam 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Decades of restorational processing of the writing surface, papyrus, have resulted in observations of detailed material structures that can vary depending on the production site. This paper presents characteristic traits of the papyrus material that comes from Elephantine manufactories. This material is clearly distinct from material from other places, for example Thebes, Illahun, and Tebtunis. The differences lie less in the various color nuances than in the papyruses’ general physical characteristics, fiber structure, and special surfaces. All visual observations and all simple measurements made so far have received support from natural-scientific investigations for quite some time now.
L’iconicité des hiéroglyphes égyptiens
Authors: Thuault Simon 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Although mutilation is a well-known process of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing system, its involvement in signs’ figurativity and iconicity has benefited of less attention. Yet, the mutilation practice could have deep consequences for the grammatological nature of hieroglyphs, implying alterations in our analysis of the whole Egyptian scriptural functioning. Thus, this paper aims to shed light, through examples of mutilated signs, on the iconic essence of the affected hieroglyphs: does the alteration of a sign impact its iconicity and, due to this, its raison d’être in a clause or a lexeme? Since there are kinds of mutilation, do they result in various implications in our linguistic analysis of the sign? Moreover, what metonymical relations can we observe in this process? These linguistic and psychological issues will allow to complete our understanding of the mutilation practice and, consequently, of the essence of hieroglyphic signs.
Admissibility conditions for Riemann data in shallow water theory
Authors: Paulsen Martin O. , Kalisch Henrik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Consideration is given to the shallow-water equations, a hyperbolic system modeling the propagation of long waves at the surface of an incompressible inviscible fluid of constant depth. It is well known that the solution of the Riemann problem associated to this system may feature dry states for some configurations of the Riemann data. This article will discuss various scenarios in which the Riemann problem for the shallow water system arises in a physically reasonable sense. In particular, it will be shown that if certain physical assumptions on the disposition of the Riemann data are made, then dry states can be avoided in the solution of the Riemann problem.
Systematic Humanization of the Yeast Cytoskeleton Discerns Functionally Replaceable from Divergent Human Genes
Authors: Garge Riddhiman K , Laurent Jon M , Kachroo Aashiq H , Marcotte Edward M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To understand the extent of functional divergence across duplicated genes in core eukaryotic systems, Garge et al. systematically tested ∼81% of human orthologs....
Phonons correction of the energy and photoionization cross section in polar semiconductors and hollow nanoparticles
Authors: M'zerd Safae , Talbi Abdelali , Bikerouin Mouad , El Haouari Mohamed , Aghoutane Noreddine , El-Yadri Mohamed , Zhang Zhi-Hai , Yuan Jian-Hui , Sadoqi Mostafa , Long Gen , Feddi El Mustapha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Neurological and Dexterity Assessments in a Woman with Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy After Breast Cancer
Authors: Harris Susan R. , Tugwell Karen E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this case report is to inform clinicians about radiation-induced brachial plexopathy, a rare complication that often presents well after treatment with inconsistent symptoms and manifestations. It is often a diagnosis of exclusion when a neoplastic or other cause cannot be identified. Electrodiagnostic testing is particularly useful. Here, the results of a standardized grip and pinch strength assessment and dexterity test are presented in a woman whose symptoms first appeared 20 years after completing treatments for stage IIIA breast cancer.