bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of verbal instructions and physical threat removal prior to extinction training on the return of conditioned fear
Authors: Wendt Julia , Hufenbach Miriam C. , König Jörg , Hamm Alfons O. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInstructions given prior to extinction training facilitate the extinction of conditioned skin conductance (SCRs) and fear-potentiated startle responses (FPSs) and serve as laboratory models for cognitive interventions implemented in exposure-based treatments of pathological anxiety. Here, we investigated how instructions given prior to extinction training, with or without the additional removal of the electrode used to deliver the unconditioned stimulus (US), affect the return of fear assessed 24 hours later. We replicated previous instruction effects on extinction and added that the additional removal of the US electrode slightly enhanced facilitating effects on the extinction of conditioned FPSs. In contrast, extinction instructions hardly affected the return of conditioned fear responses. These findings suggest that instruction effects observed during extinction training do not extent to tests of return of fear 24 hours later which serve as laboratory models of relapse and improvement stability of exposure-based treatments.
Homogenization method for microscopic characterization of the composite magnetoelectric multiferroics
Authors: Jayachandran K. P. , Guedes J. M. , Rodrigues H. C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTuning of magnetization or electrical polarization using external fields other than their corresponding conjugate fields (i.e., magnetic field for the former or electric field for the latter response) attracts renewed interest due to its potential for applications. The magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic 1–3 composite composed of alternating magnetic and ferroelectric layers operating in linear regime consequent to external biasing fields is simulated and analysed theoretically. Two-scale homogenization procedure to arrive at the equilibrium overall physical properties of magnetoelectric multiferroic composite is formulated using variational analysis. This procedure is extended to quantify the underlying local (microscopic) electric, magnetic and elastic fields and thereby compute local distribution of stresses and strains, electrical and magnetic potentials, the electric and magnetic fields as well as the equivalent von Mises stresses. The computational model is implemented by modifying the software POSTMAT (material postprocessing). Computed local stress/strain profiles and the von Mises stresses consequent to biasing electrical and magnetic fields provide insightful information related to the magnetostriction and the ensuing electrical and magnetic polarization. Average polarization and magnetization against magnetic and electric fields respectively are computed and found to be in reasonable limits of the experimental results on similar composite systems. The homogenization model covers multiferroics and its composites regardless of crystallographic symmetry (with the caveat of assuming an ideal and semi-coherent interface connecting the constituent phases) and offer computational efficiency besides unveiling the nature of the underlying microscopic field characteristics.
Evaluation of the Diabetes Screening Component of a National Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Programme in England: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Palladino Raffaele , Vamos Eszter P. , Chang Kiara Chu-Mei , Khunti Kamlesh , Majeed Azeem , Millett Christopher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractType 2 Diabetes (T2D) is increasing but the effectiveness of large-scale diabetes screening programmes is debated. We assessed associations between coverage of a national cardiovascular and diabetes risk assessment programme in England (NHS Health Check) and detection and management of incident cases of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) and T2D. Retrospective analysis employing propensity score covariate adjustment method of prospectively collected data of 348,987 individuals aged 40–74 years and registered with 455 general practices in England (January 2009-May 2016). We examined differences in diagnosis of NDH and T2D, and changes in blood glucose levels and cardiovascular risk score between individuals registered with general practices with different levels (tertiles) of programme coverage. Over the study period 7,126 cases of NDH and 12,171 cases of T2D were detected. Compared with low coverage practices, incidence rate of detection in medium and high coverage practices were 15% and 19% higher for NDH and 10% and 9% higher for T2D, respectively. Individuals with NDH in high coverage practices had 0.2 mmol/L lower mean fasting plasma glucose and 0.9% lower cardiovascular risk score at follow-up. General practices actively participating in the programme had higher detection of NDH and T2D and improved management of blood glucose and cardiovascular risk factors.
Health and work disability outcomes in parents of patients with schizophrenia associated with antipsychotic exposure by the offspring
Authors: Taipale Heidi , Rahman Syed , Tanskanen Antti , Mehtälä Juha , Hoti Fabian , Jedenius Erik , Enkusson Dana , Leval Amy , Sermon Jan , Tiihonen Jari , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to identify if antipsychotic exposure in offspring is associated with psychiatric and non-psychiatric healthcare service use and work disability of their parents. This Swedish population-based cohort study was based on data comprising 10,883 individuals with schizophrenia, who had at least one identifiable parent in the nationwide registers, and their parents (N = 18,215). The register-based follow-up during 2006–2013 considered the level of antipsychotic exposure and persistence of use of the offspring, further categorized into first (FG) and second generation (SG) antipsychotics, and orals versus long-acting injections (LAIs). The main outcome measure was parental psychiatric healthcare service use, secondary outcomes were non-psychiatric healthcare use and long-term sickness absence. SG-LAI use was associated with a decreased risk (relative risks [RR] 0.81-0.85) of parental psychiatric healthcare use compared with not using SG-LAI, whereas oral antipsychotics were associated with an increased risk (RRs 1.10–1.29). Both FG- and SG-LAI use by the offspring were associated with a lower risk of long-term sickness absence (range of odds ratios 0.34–0.47) for the parents, compared with non-use of these drugs. The choice of antipsychotic treatment for the offspring may have an impact on work disability and healthcare service use of their parents.
Ground state anomalies in SmB6
Authors: Sakhya Anup Pradhan , Maiti Kalobaran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSmB6 has drawn much attention in recent times due to the discovery of anomalies in its ground state properties as well as prediction of topologically protected gapless surface states. Varied theories have been proposed to capture the ground state anomalies. Here, we studied the electronic structure of SmB6 employing density functional theory using different exchange correlation potentials, spin-orbit coupling and electron correlation strength. We discover that a suitable choice of interaction parameters such as spin-orbit coupling, electron correlation strength and exchange interaction within the generalized gradient approximation provides a good description of the spectral functions observed in the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies. The Fermi surface plots exhibit electron pockets around X-point and hole pockets around ΓX line having dominant Sm 4f character. These observations corroborate well with the recent experimental results involving quantum oscillation measurements, ARPES, etc. In addition to primarily Sm 4f contributions observed at the Fermi level, the results exhibit significantly large contribution from B 2p states compared to weak Sm 5d contributions. This suggests important role of B 2p - Sm 4f hybridization in the exotic physics of this system.
Different Habitat Types Affect Bird Richness and Evenness
Authors: Tu Hung-Ming , Fan Meng-Wen , Ko Jerome Chie-Jen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMore studies are needed on the mechanism and effective prediction of bird diversity in various habitats. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the difference in the species richness and evenness of various habitats. The secondary purpose was to explore which habitat types and compositions predict a high bird diversity. The 2010–2016 Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey was used to analyze the relationship between landscape habitat and bird ecology. Landscape habitat type was divided into seven categories and 26 sub-types: forestland, farmland, grassland, freshwater wetland, aquaculture pond and saltpan, coastland, and building area. Four ecological indexes were used: the number of bird individuals, the number of species, the Margalef Richness Index, and the Pielou Evenness Index. The result indicated that forestland decreased bird numbers, except in a windbreak forest. Natural and farmland-related habitats increased bird species richness. Similarly, the natural habitat increased species evenness. Urban greenspace could not replace the effect of forestland on species richness and evenness. Conifer forest, bamboo forest, windbreak forest, mixed tree, tall grassland, and orchard were important habitats for promoting higher species richness and evenness.
Cellular apoptosis and necrosis as therapeutic targets for novel Eugenol Tosylate Congeners against Candida albicans
Authors: Lone Shabir Ahmad , Wani Mohmmad Younus , Fru Pascaline , Ahmad Aijaz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the rise of new Candida species, Candida albicans tops the list with high morbidity and mortality rates. To tackle this problem there is a need to explore new antifungals that could replace or augment the current treatment options. We previously reported that tosylation of eugenol on hydroxyl group resulted in molecules with enhanced antifungal potency. In line with that work, we synthesized new eugenol tosylate congeners (ETC-1–ETC-7) with different substituents on pendent sulfonyl group and tested their susceptibility against different fluconazole susceptible and resistant C. albicans strains. We evaluated physiology and mode of cell death in response to the most active derivatives by analyzing major apoptotic markers in yeast such as phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial depolarization and decrease in cytochrome c oxidase activity. The results demonstrated that all C. albicans strains were variably susceptible to the test compounds with MIC ranging from 0.125–512 µg/ml, and the most active compounds (ETC-5, ETC-6 and ETC-7) actuate apoptosis and necrosis in Candida cells in a dose-dependent manner via metacaspase-dependent pathway. Furthermore haemolytic assay showed low cytotoxicity effect of these ETCs. Overall the results indicated that ETCs exhibit potential antifungal activity against C. albicans by activating apoptotic and necrotic pathways.
Staphylococcus Aureus Osteomyelitis as an Inducer of Tolerance to Escherichia Coli Pyelonephritis: an Experimental Study
Authors: Goumenos Stavros , Savvidou Olga , Renieris George , Gkavogianni Theologia , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe high incidence of osteomyelitis in vulnerable populations like those with multiple injuries or elderly undergoing joint arthroplasties generates the question what may be their responses to subsequent infection by high virulent isolates. Rabbits were subject to two operations at three week intervals; sham osteomyelitis and sham pyelonephritis (group S); sham osteomyelitis and Escherichia coli pyelonephritis (group P); and Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and E. coli pyelonephritis (group OP). Survival was recorded; cytokine stimulation of circulating mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and bacterial growth were monitored. In some experiments, dalbavancin treatment was given before pyelonephritis. Healthy PBMCs were pre-treated with bone homogenate, S. aureus or both. Mortality of groups S, P and OP after induction of pyelonephritis was 0%, 50% and 8.3% respectively. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production by PBMCs was significantly lower in the OP group at 48 hours. E. coli bacterial load was similar in groups P and OP at death or sacrifice whereas the MPO activity of group OP was decreased. Production of TNFα was further decreased among dalbavancin treated rabbits; in these rabbits tissue MPO was increased. TNFα production decreased when healthy PBMCs pre-treated with bone homogenate, S. aureus (HKSA) or both were stimulated with E. coli (HKEC); production was further decreased in the presence of anti-TLR4 and anti-TLR9. It is concluded that staphylococcal osteomyelitis modulated the innate immune responses of the host leading to protection from death by highly virulent E. coli. Tolerance to TLR ligands is the most likely mechanism of action.
Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: The impact of X-rays
Authors: Franz R. , Picogna G. , Ercolano B. , Birnstiel T. 
Published: January 2020

Context.X-ray- and extreme ultraviolet (XEUV) driven photoevaporative winds acting on protoplanetary disks around young T Tauri stars may crucially impact disk evolution, affecting both gas and dust distributions.Aims.We investigate the dust entrainment in XEUV-driven photoevaporative winds and compare our results to existing magnetohydrodynamic and EUV-only models.Methods.We used a 2D hydrodynamical gas model of a protoplanetary disk irradiated by both X-ray and EUV spectra from a central T Tauri star to trace the motion of passive Lagrangian dust grains of various sizes. The trajectories were modelled starting at the disk surface in order to investigate dust entrainment in the wind.Results.For an X-ray luminosity ofLX= 2 × 1030erg s−1emitted by aM*= 0.7M⊙star, corresponding to a wind mass-loss rate ofṀw≃ 2.6 × 10−8M⊙yr−1, we find dust entrainment for sizesa0≲ 11μm (9μm) from the inner 25 AU (120 AU). This is an enhancement over dust entrainment in less vigorous EUV-driven winds withṀw≃ 10−10M⊙yr−1. Our numerical model also shows deviations of dust grain trajectories from the gas streamlines even forμm-sized particles. In addition, we find a correlation between the size of the entrained grains and the maximum height they reach in the outflow.Conclusions.X-ray-driven photoevaporative winds are expected to be dust-rich if small grains are present in the disk atmosphere.
Public HARPS radial velocity database corrected for systematic errors
Authors: Trifonov Trifon , Tal-Or Lev , Zechmeister Mathias , Kaminski Adrian , Zucker Shay , Mazeh Tsevi 
Published: January 2020

Context. The High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectrograph has been mounted since 2003 at the ESO 3.6 m telescope in La Silla and provides state-of-the-art stellar radial velocity (RV) measurements with a precision down to ∼1 m s−1. The spectra are extracted with a dedicated data-reduction software (DRS), and the RVs are computed by cross-correlating with a numerical mask.
Aims. This study has three main aims: (i) Create easy access to the public HARPS RV data set. (ii) Apply the new public SpEctrum Radial Velocity AnaLyser (SERVAL) pipeline to the spectra, and produce a more precise RV data set. (iii) Determine whether the precision of the RVs can be further improved by correcting for small nightly systematic effects.
Methods. For each star observed with HARPS, we downloaded the publicly available spectra from the ESO archive and recomputed the RVs with SERVAL. This was based on fitting each observed spectrum with a high signal-to-noise ratio template created by coadding all the available spectra of that star. We then computed nightly zero-points (NZPs) by averaging the RVs of quiet stars.
Results. By analyzing the RVs of the most RV-quiet stars, whose RV scatter is < 5 m s−1, we find that SERVAL RVs are on average more precise than DRS RVs by a few percent. By investigating the NZP time series, we find three significant systematic effects whose magnitude is independent of the software that is used to derive the RV: (i) stochastic variations with a magnitude of ∼1 m s−1; (ii) long-term variations, with a magnitude of ∼1 m s−1 and a typical timescale of a few weeks; and (iii) 20–30 NZPs that significantly deviate by a few m s−1. In addition, we find small (≲1 m s−1) but significant intra-night drifts in DRS RVs before the 2015 intervention, and in SERVAL RVs after it. We confirm that the fibre exchange in 2015 caused a discontinuous RV jump that strongly depends on the spectral type of the observed star: from ∼14 m s−1 for late F-type stars to ∼ − 3 m s−1 for M dwarfs. The combined effect of extracting the RVs with SERVAL and correcting them for the systematics we find is an improved average RV precision: an improvement of ∼5% for spectra taken before the 2015 intervention, and an improvement of ∼15% for spectra taken after it. To demonstrate the quality of the new RV data set, we present an updated orbital solution of the GJ 253 two-planet system.
Conclusions. Our NZP-corrected SERVAL RVs can be retrieved from a user-friendly public database. It provides more than 212 000 RVs for about 3000 stars along with much auxiliary information, such as the NZP corrections, various activity indices, and DRS-CCF products.
Design Thinking als Tool
Authors: Hantl-Merget Judith , Rittner Anna-Maria 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungNew Work verändert die Zusammenarbeit grundlegend – vor allem zwischen Führungsebene und Basis. Ein wichtiger Ansatz ist hier Design Thinking: Er schafft Mitarbeitern einen Raum für Kreativität, in dem Neues entstehen kann.
A Case Study of Puerperal Group A Streptococcal Infection Complicated by Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: Olp Robert J. , Chamales Ingrid A. , Schmiedecke Stacey S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPuerperal infection with group A streptococcus (GAS), Streptococcus pyogenes, is associated significant morbidity and mortality. When associated with toxic shock syndrome (TSS), mortality rates rise to approximately 50%. We present the case of a 32-year-old Para 2 reporting severe left distal lower extremity pain, fevers, and chills at 1 week following an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. The patient's clinical status rapidly decompensated to septic shock requiring transfer to the intensive care unit. She underwent anterior and lateral compartment fasciotomy of the left lower extremity for concerns of possible necrotizing soft tissue infection. Final blood cultures confirmed GAS infection with unclear primary source, though endometritis was favored. She required additional orthopaedic procedures including an arthroscopy with washout for contralateral septic arthritis and myositis before her discharge on hospital day 19. She obtained a near-full recovery complicated by poor wound healing and permanent left foot drop. While GAS remains a rare puerperal event, obstetricians should recall there is a 20-fold increased incidence among postpartum women. Progression to TSS is associated with very poor prognosis and hysterectomy is often necessary. Favorable outcomes in GAS with or without TTS hinge on astute clinical suspicion, aggressive fluid resuscitation, early antibiotic therapy, and source control.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Evaluation of Knee Pathology
Authors: Garwood Elisabeth R. , Tai Ryan , Joshi Ganesh , Watts V George J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) holds the potential to revolutionize the field of radiology by increasing the efficiency and accuracy of both interpretive and noninterpretive tasks. We have only just begun to explore AI applications in the diagnostic evaluation of knee pathology. Experimental algorithms have already been developed that can assess the severity of knee osteoarthritis from radiographs, detect and classify cartilage lesions, meniscal tears, and ligament tears on magnetic resonance imaging, provide automatic quantitative assessment of tendon healing, detect fractures on radiographs, and predict those at highest risk for recurrent bone tumors. This article reviews and summarizes the most current literature.
Tetraspanins TSP-12 and TSP-14 function redundantly to regulate the trafficking of the type II BMP receptor in
Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Liu Zhiyu , Shi Herong , Nzessi Anthony K. , Norris Anne , Grant Barth D. , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Tetraspanins are a unique family of eukaryotic 4-pass transmembrane proteins. However, their functions in vivo are poorly understood. We find that 2 tetraspanins that share redundant functions are primarily localized to endosomes, which are major sorting centers for membrane proteins and lipids within the cell. We show that these 2 tetraspanins regulate the recycling of the type II receptor of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway. In their absence, the BMP type II receptor is mistargeted to lysosomes, leading to reduced cell-surface levels available to receive extracellular signals. Our work highlights the importance of tetraspanin-mediated intracellular trafficking in regulating BMP signaling in vivo, and suggests a similar mode of action for the mammalian counterparts of these 2 tetraspanins.
Adsorption performance of Ag/Fe3O4/ZrO2 composite decorated with graphene toward methylene blue dye
Authors: Kristianto Y , Taufik A , Saleh R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Use of carbon-based materials, such as graphene, has drawn attention in the wastewater treatment field because of their high specific surface area. This property of graphene suggested that it had superior adsorption characteristics for removing contaminant dyes from aqueous solutions. Based on this precept, we wanted to enhance the adsorption ability of the Ag/Fe3O4/ZrO2 photocatalyst by adding graphene, using the co-precipitation method for synthesis. The crystal structure of as-prepared specimen was characterized using X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the existence of tetragonal phase ZrO2, cubic spinel phase Fe3O4 and cubic phase Ag. Unfortunately, the graphene characteristic peak could not be detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that mass degradation below 150 °C could be attributed to the loss of bound water from the surface of the ZrO2. Mass degradation at 340 °C could be attributed to the combustion process of graphene, which indicated the presence of graphene in the prepared samples. The synthesized samples were utilized for the uptake of methylene blue (MB) as a model of an organic pollutant. The results that were obtained showed that the inclusion of graphene increased the ability of Fe3O4/ZrO2 adsorption. Increases in the weight percentage of graphene increased the adsorption ability of the samples. The best adsorption occurred in alkaline pH conditions. The experimental data could be fitted better using the Langmuir model than it could using the Freundlich model. Finally, as-prepared samples showed good stability, even after four cycles of reuse.