bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of Space Law and space debris mitigation measures on the debris scenario around the Earth
Authors: de Paula Matheus Boccaletti , Celestino Cláudia C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In face of the growing exploration of space by humanity, at first this work aims to synthesize a little information from Space Law based on legislations and discussions on the subject. Going further, the main focus of the project are the space debris and its mitigation guidelines of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. The possible consequences of non-compliance with these standards for orbits around the Earth have been investigated and the scenario at the date of approval of the document implementing the guidelines at the UN has been compared with the current scenario in order to verify the impact of the measures summarized therein on the missions launched since then.
Preliminary Experimental Results of the PHALL II-C with Improved Magnetic Circuit Design and Hollow Cathode
Authors: Martins A A , Porto M C F , Coelho H O , Ferreira J L , Ferreira I S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We are going to present preliminary experimental results for our latest PHALL thruster of the annular type, which has been greatly improved with a new magnetic circuit design that allows operation with the magnetic field perpendicular (normal configuration) or parallel (magnetic shielding) to the thruster walls; where the benefit of this last magnetic field configuration is an improvement of three orders of magnitude on the thruster’s lifetime. For the first time, we will report on PHALL II-C operation up to 620 W with the generation of up to 41.39 mN of force and 2286.22 s of specific impulse, using a hollow cathode. These tests elevate the TRL of our thruster to TRL 4, with more realistic tests planned in our near future. We will also detail current work on the control and dissipation of thermal energy which will allow our thrusters to operate for long periods of time in space.
Wildfire management in Mediterranean-type regions: paradigm change needed
Authors: Moreira Francisco , Ascoli Davide , Safford Hugh , Adams Mark A , Moreno José M , Pereira José M C , Catry Filipe X , Armesto Juan , Bond William , González Mauro E , Curt Thomas , Koutsias Nikos , McCaw Lachlan , Price Owen , Pausas Juli G , Rigolot Eric , Stephens Scott , Tavsanoglu Cagatay , Vallejo V Ramon , Van Wilgen Brian W , Xanthopoulos Gavriil , Fernandes Paulo M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During the last decades, climate and land use changes led to an increased prevalence of megafires in Mediterranean-type climate regions (MCRs). Here, we argue that current wildfire management policies in MCRs are destined to fail. Focused on fire suppression, these policies largely ignore ongoing climate warming and landscape-scale buildup of fuels. The result is a ‘firefighting trap’ that contributes to ongoing fuel accumulation precluding suppression under extreme fire weather, and resulting in more severe and larger fires. We believe that a ‘business as usual’ approach to wildfire in MCRs will not solve the fire problem, and recommend that policy and expenditures be rebalanced between suppression and mitigation of the negative impacts of fire. This requires a paradigm shift: policy effectiveness should not be primarily measured as a function of area burned (as it usually is), but rather as a function of avoided socio-ecological damage and loss.
Effect of the combined admixture of 4-methyl-norvalin and 2-Methoxy-4-formylphenol on the corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel in artificial seawater solution
Authors: Loto Roland T. , Loto Cleophas A. , Osamaige Ogaga 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The synergistic effect of 4-methyl-norvalin and 2-methoxy-4-formylphenol on the corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel in artificial seawater (3.5 wt.% NaCl solution) was studied with potentiodynamic polarization technique, open circuit potential measurement and optical microscopic analysis. Results obtained from the electrochemical test showed the organic derivatives performed effectively with optimal inhibition performance of 89%. Mixed type inhibition behavior was observed. Anodic corrosion potential shift occurred because of effective surface coverage of the inhibitor molecules. The adsorption mode was determined to occur through physisorption reaction from thermodynamic calculations in agreement with the Langmuir, Frumkin and Freundlich isotherms at correlation coefficients beyond 0.7. Corroded morphology of steel occurred without with inhibitor compared to the steel from solution at highest inhibitor concentration.
Degradation of methylene blue under UV and visible light illumination by yttria doped titania nanoparticles
Authors: Grabis J , Jankoviča Dz , Sipola I 
Published: November 2019

AbstractYttria doped TiO2nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method using the non-aqueous solutions in presence of urea and without it followed by calcination at 500–750 °C for 2h. Photocatalytic activity of the samples was determined by degradation methylene blue under Hg and solar light imitating illumination. Specific surface area, crystallite size, phase transition of TiO2and photocatalytic activity depend on content of Y2O3and presence of urea during synthesis. The highest photocatalytic activity showed TiO2doped with 0.8–1.0 wt.% of yttria.
Experimental Study of the Technology Parameters Affect in the Laser Welded Joints
Authors: Kovács Tünde Anna , Pinke Péter , Bitay Enikő 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The laser welding technology is improving immediately rapidly nowadays. It has many advantages again the traditional welding technologies. The heat affected zone in case of the laser welding is very thin and the penetration of the joint is depth. This high energy technology work by a focused high energy laser light accompanied by protective gases. For welding process well known the different laser devices (gas laser, solid-state laser, disc laser). The effect of the gases and the technological parameters are not well known yet. In this work, we wanted to find some relationship between the welding parameters and the joint mechanical properties. To find this relationship it was welded the joint by different technologies parameters and the samples experimented the joint mechanical properties with different parameters and controlled by the experimental way.
Effects of Pumice Powder on Silicone Exterior Coating Material
Authors: Demir Mehtap , Oğuz Taha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pumice has been used mainly in structural applications such as light-weight concretes, cements, and filters. Despite being used mostly in these areas of construction industry, pumice has very few applications in other sectors. Especially in the present investigation, it has been aimed to spread the usage of pumice in different sectors by analysing the particle size of the material. In cooperation with the factory and the processes of production of building chemicals was observed and it was investigated the characterization of the material produced by using FE-SEM. So that the microstructure images and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) composition analyses were obtained. It was observed that there has been a negligible amount of reaction between the Silicon and the pumice particles. In similar studies, when the doping is carried out at high temperatures, unwanted reactions (insulation, mechanical strength, etc.) occur between the particle and the base material and this affects the physical properties of the material in a negative way. In this study, due to the doping is in room conditions, there is little reaction between the particle and Silicon.
Plasticity of Red Mud and Clay Mixtures
Authors: Hamza A , Kocserha I , Géber R , Buzimov A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent study is focusing on the plasticity properties of clay and red mud (RM) mixtures. Two different clays were examined with (carbonate clay, CC) and without earth alkali carbonate (carbonate free clay, CFC) content. Red mud with 32 wt% moisture content was added for dried and powdered clays. Maximum applicable red mud content (30 wt%) was determined by mixing experiment. The mixtures were prepared by pan mill and samples of 33 mm in diameter and 40 mm in height were pressed. Measurements were obtained with 20, 22, 24 and 26 wt% moisture content in each mixture. Two methods were used for measurement and characterization of the plasticity of clay body. Beside determination of Pfefferkorn plasticity index, deformation curves of different samples were also recorded and analysed. Results indicated that red mud affected the forming behaviour of clays. Addition of red mud may rise the energy consumption of extrusion process.
Antimicrobial hollow fiber polypropylene/ZnO membrane for effective air filtration
Authors: Agung Sri Komaladewi Anak Agung Istri , Khoiruddin K. , Dewa Gede Ary Subagia I , Astuti Dea Indriani , Gede Wenten I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Air pollution has become an environmental problem since it poses a serious effect on human health. In addition, circulation of air containing airborne particles including pathogens in an enclosed building like a hospital may lead to more severe health effects. Therefore, an air purifier is needed to prevent the spreading of those particles through air circulation. To address the issue, an antimicrobial membrane was prepared by embedding ZnO nanoparticles onto hollow fiber polypropylene (PP) membrane. Results showed that the prepared PP/ZnO membrane had a high air filtration performance as well as antibacterial properties. The membrane also showed a high filtration capacity or permeability with a relatively low-pressure drop. With those interesting features, the newly developed PP/ZnO membrane can be applied in air filtration, in particular for indoor spaces and other medical applications.
Comparison of tensile strength of continues-core method and 4 strand modifies method of after healing of repaired Kessler rabbit’s Achilles tendon injury
Authors: Caksana P S , Kawiyana IKS , Dusak I W S , Nindhia T G T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tendon injury causes significant morbidity during the productive age, and the number is increase in recent decades. Tensile strength is the most important factor in tendon function of style, and the results of repair should be able to withstand large current style of early mobilization. This research was an experimental research design with the post-test only control group design with the subject of the rabbit. A total of 18 research subjects who meet the requirements of the study inclusion were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. Control group was a group of rabbits that were repaired with 4 strand modified Kessler technique after Achilles tendon cut sharply. While the treatment group were a group of rabbits that were repaired with continuous-cores technique. The ratio of collagen I/III in rabbit Achilles tendon repair with the technique of continuous-cores are smaller compared to the control group with value of P <0.05. Also Showed statistical analysis tensile strength of rabbit Achilles tendon repair with the technique of continuous-core is greater than the control group at P <0.05.
Effect of Electroplating Current on Surface Morphology and Thickness of Plated-Through Hole (PTH) in Multilayer Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
Authors: Arifin Muhammad , Kamarudin  , Octowinandi Vivin , Ria Riki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMultilayer printed circuit board (PCB) consists of many layers in PCB. In order to connect one layer to other layers is needed plated-through-hole (PTH). PTH is commonly formed from the copper metal using some methods such as electroplating or electroless plating. Electroplating is method which there is adhering process the copper metal using the electrical current. This method is easy and cheap in PCB manufacture. One of the important part of electroplating result is surface morphology and thickness of PTH in multilayer PCB. The objective of this study is to im the electroplating current in electroplating process to learn more about the effect of electroplating current against the surface morphology and thickness of PTH.. The electroplating current applied in this experiment is at 5 A, 10 A, 15 A, and 20 A. In this research is also used Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) to characterize the formed PTH in multilayer PCB. The results shows that the PTH was successfully formed in through hole of multilayer PCB. The thickest PTH is about 37.8 μm for the applied current 20A and the smoothest morphology of PTH cross section is at the electroplating current 15 A.
The Porosity and Hardness of Fe-18Al Alloy Added ZrO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Pawawoi P. , Prjitno D.H. , Adhitya R. , Manaf A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The additive effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles in Fe-18Al based alloys through the mechanical alloying process to the porosity and hardness was investigated. Results of microstructure observations showed that the only intermetallic Fe3Al present as the major phase in the samples along with other phases which are very minor together with the presence of porosity that indicated by objects of dark color. The porosity tends to diminish with the addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles. However, the porosity is still visible on the Fe-Al alloy with the addition of 2% additive and the higher compaction load especially in the surface area. The results of phase study by XRD confirmed the presence of the intermetallic Fe3Al. It is shown that ZrO2 nanoparticles are dispersed in the metal matrix. The presence of ZrO2 also confirmed by SEMEDS. The fraction of pores that estimated based on the microstructure observation showed a decrease with an increase in volume fraction of ZrO2 nanoparticles and the compaction load. The study concluded that the hardness of Fe-18Al alloys increased with a decrease in porosity which achieved in Fe-18Al alloy added with 2% ZrO2 nanoparticles. The lowest porosity level is 0.17% and the highest hardness value is 352.59 HV
Factors influencing fall departure phenology in migratory birds that bred in northeastern North America
Authors: Brisson-Curadeau Émile , Elliott Kyle H , Côté Pascal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The phenology of migrating birds is shifting with climate change. For instance, short-distance migrants wintering in temperate regions tend to delay their migration in fall during spells of warmer temperature. However, some species do not show strong shifts, and the factors determining which species will react to temperature changes by delaying their migration are poorly known. In addition, it is not known whether a slower migration or a postponed departure creates the observed delays in fall migration because most studies occur far south of the boreal breeding areas making it difficult to separate those 2 mechanisms. We used 22 yr of data at a northern observatory in eastern North America, at the southern edge of the boreal forest, to examine how 21 short-distance migrants responded to changing temperatures. We investigated if those species responding to temperature share life-history features (i.e. diet, size, total migration distance, breeding habitat, timing of migration). The period of migration in each species was, by far, the most important factor predicting the response of a species to temperature. Eight of the 13 species migrating in October changed their migration onset with temperature (usually by delaying migration by 1–2 days/°C), while the migration timing of none of the 8 species migrating in September was dependent on temperature. Furthermore, the absence of a greater migration delay by birds breeding farther from the study site (i.e. Arctic-breeding birds) suggests the mechanism is a postponed departure rather than a slower migration. We conclude that temperature variations in late fall influence the conditions on the breeding grounds, so that birds still present at that time benefit more from postponing their departure in warm weather.
Ocean warming increases availability of crustacean prey via riskier behavior
Authors: Marangon Emma , Goldenberg Silvan U , Nagelkerken Ivan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMarine prey and predators will respond to future climate through physiological and behavioral adjustments. However, our understanding of how such direct effects may shift the outcome of predator–prey interactions is still limited. Here, we investigate the effects of ocean warming and acidification on foraging behavior and biomass of a common prey (shrimps, Palaemon spp.) tested in large mesocosms harboring natural resources and habitats. Acidification did not alter foraging behavior in prey. Under warming, however, prey showed riskier behavior by foraging more actively and for longer time periods, even in the presence of a live predator. No effects of longer-term exposure to climate stressors were detected on prey biomass. Our findings suggest that ocean warming may increase the availability of some prey to predators via a behavioral pathway (i.e., increased risk-taking by prey), likely by elevating metabolic demand of prey species.
Antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases: the case of polyglutamine disorders
Authors: Silva Ana C , Lobo Diana D , Martins Inês M , Lopes Sara M , Henriques Carina , Duarte Sónia P , Dodart Jean-Cosme , Nobre Rui Jorge , Pereira de Almeida Luis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPolyglutamine (polyQ) disorders are a group of nine neurodegenerative diseases that share a common genetic cause, which is an expansion of CAG repeats in the coding region of the causative genes that are otherwise unrelated. The trinucleotide expansion encodes for an expanded polyQ tract in the respective proteins, resulting in toxic gain-of-function and eventually in neurodegeneration. Currently, no disease-modifying therapies are available for this group of disorders. Nevertheless, given their monogenic nature, polyQ disorders are ideal candidates for therapies that target specifically the gene transcripts. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have been under intense investigation over recent years as gene silencing tools. ASOs are small synthetic single-stranded chains of nucleic acids that target specific RNA transcripts through several mechanisms. ASOs can reduce the levels of mutant proteins by breaking down the targeted transcript, inhibit mRNA translation or alter the maturation of the pre-mRNA via splicing correction. Over the years, chemical optimization of ASO molecules has allowed significant improvement of their pharmacological properties, which has in turn made this class of therapeutics a very promising strategy to treat a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, preclinical and clinical strategies have been developed in recent years for some polyQ disorders using ASO therapeutics. The success of ASOs in several animal models, as well as encouraging results in the clinic for Huntington’s disease, points towards a promising future regarding the application of ASO-based therapies for polyQ disorders in humans, offering new opportunities to address unmet medical needs for this class of disorders. This review aims to present a brief overview of key chemical modifications, mechanisms of action and routes of administration that have been described for ASO-based therapies. Moreover, it presents a review of the most recent and relevant preclinical and clinical trials that have tested ASO therapeutics in polyQ disorders.
Dynamics of Intestinal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Dutch General Population, 2014–2016
Authors: van den Bunt Gerrita , Fluit Ad C , Bootsma Martin C J , van Duijkeren Engeline , Scharringa Jelle , van Pelt Wilfrid , Bonten Marc J M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In the Netherlands, the prevalence of intestinal extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) carriage in community-dwelling subjects is ~5%. Little is known about the dynamics of ESBL-E carriage.

Methods
In a nationwide, population-based study (2014–2016) with 4177 community-dwelling subjects, fecal samples from 656 subjects were collected after 1 (time point [T] = 1) and 6 (T = 2) months. The growth of ESBL-E was quantified and a whole-genome sequence analysis was performed. Subjects were categorized as either an incidental, short-term, or long-term carrier or as a noncarrier. Risk factors were determined by random forest models and logistic regression. The transmissibility and duration of ESBL-E carriage was quantified using a transmission model, which also incorporated previous study data.

Results
Out of 656 participants, 96 were ESBL-E carriers at T = 0. Of these, 66 (10.1%) subjects were incidental carriers, 22 (3.3%) were short-term carriers, and 38 (5.8%) were long-term carriers; the remaining 530 (80.8%) were noncarriers. The risk factors for long-term carriage were travelling to Asia, swimming in a sea/ocean, and not changing the kitchen towel daily. The log-transformed colony forming units ratio at T = 0 was predictive for ESBL-E carriage at T = 1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–1.6) and T = 2 (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.4). Model simulations revealed a median decolonization rate of 2.83/year, an average duration of carriage of 0.35 years, and an acquisition rate of 0.34/year. The trend of the acquisition rate during the study period was close to 0.

Conclusions
The risk factors for long-term ESBL-E carriage were travel- and hygiene-related. The dynamics of ESBL-E carriage in the general Dutch population are characterized by balancing decolonization and acquisition rates.
SGID: a comprehensive and interactive database of the silkworm
Authors: Zhu Zhenglin , Guan Zhufen , Liu Gexin , Wang Yawang , Zhang Ze 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important model and economic animal, there is a lack of comprehensive database for this organism. Here, we developed the silkworm genome informatics database (SGID). It aims to bring together all silkworm-related biological data and provide an interactive platform for gene inquiry and analysis. The function annotation in SGID is thorough and covers 98% of the silkworm genes. The annotation details include function description, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, subcellular location, transmembrane topology, protein secondary/tertiary structure, homologous group and transcription factor. SGID provides genome-scale visualization of population genetics test results based on high-depth resequencing data of 158 silkworm samples. It also provides interactive analysis tools of transcriptomic and epigenomic data from 79 NCBI BioProjects. SGID will be extremely useful to silkworm research in the future.