bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation dose reduction for 3D angiography images in pediatric and congenital cardiology
Authors: Fetterly Kenneth A. , Ferrero Andrea , Lewis Brad R. , Anderson Jason H. , Hagler Donald J. , Taggart Nathaniel W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of simulated reduced‐dose three‐dimensional angiography (3DA) on the accuracy and precision of linear measurements derived from 3DA datasets.BackgroundThree‐dimensional angiography is performed during X‐ray guided interventional procedures to aid diagnosis and inform treatment strategies for children and adults with congenital heart disease. However, 3DA contributes substantially to patient radiation dose and may lead to an increased radiation‐induced cancer risk.MethodsReduced‐dose patient 3DA images were simulated by adding quantum noise to the 2D projection angiograms, then reconstructing the projection angiograms into the 3DA dataset. Dose reduction in the range 33–72% was simulated. Five observers performed 46 vessel diameter measurements along prespecified axes within 23 vessel segments from 11 patient 3DA datasets. Statistical tests were performed to assess the influence of radiation dose reduction on the accuracy and precision of vessel diameter measurements.ResultsVessel diameter measurements were in the range 5.9– 22.7 mm. Considering all vessel segments and observers, the influence of dose level on the accuracy of diameter measurements was in the range 0.02 – 0.15 mm (p .05–.8). Interobserver variability increased modestly with vessel diameter, but was not influence by dose level (p = .52). The statistical test for observer recall bias was negative (p = .51).ConclusionsSimulated dose reduction up to 72% did not affect the accuracy or precision of the diameter measurements acquired from 3DA images. These findings may embolden 3DA radiation dose reduction for pediatric and congenital heart disease patients.
Impact of atrial fibrillation on outcomes following MitraClip: A contemporary population‐based analysis
Authors: Saad Anas M. , Kassis Nicholas , Gad Mohamed M. , Abdelfattah Omar , Ahuja Keerat R. , Farwati Medhat , Isogai Toshiaki , Bazarbashi Najdat , Shekhar Shashank , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesDespite the rising use of MC, the impact of preexisting AF, a common comorbidity, on short‐term postprocedural outcomes is poorly defined. We sought to assess outcomes between patients with and without atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent percutaneous mitral valve repair with MitraClip (MC).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, the Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried for patients who underwent MC between 2014–2017. Groups were stratified based on the presence of AF. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association between AF and in‐hospital stroke and mortality.ResultsOf the 15,570 patients who underwent MC, 7,740 (49.7%) had AF. AF patients were older (82 vs. 79 years, p < .001) and more comorbid. Patients with AF relative to without AF demonstrated increased rates of in‐hospital ischemic (1.3% vs .0.7%, p < .001) and hemorrhagic stroke (0.3% vs. 0.1%, p = .007), longer duration of hospitalization (median 3 vs. 2 days, p < .001), and similar in‐hospital mortality (2.8% vs. 2.6%, p = .52). After adjusting for comorbidities, age, sex, hospital procedural volume, and CHA2DS2‐VASc, the presence of AF was associated with higher in‐hospital stroke (OR = 2.096, 95%CI[1.503–2.921], p < .001) but not in‐hospital mortality (OR = 1.012, 95%CI[0.828–1.238], p = .904). AF patients were more likely to be readmitted (16.8% vs.14.1%, p < .001) and die (1.5% vs. 0.9%, p = .005) within 30 days of discharge despite similar incidences of stroke (0.7% vs. 0.6%, p = .53).ConclusionsThe increased risk of in‐hospital stroke, 30‐day mortality, and longer hospitalization suggest the need for increased preprocedural optimization by means of stroke prevention strategies in those with AF undergoing MC.
Fast Screening Method for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (NRR) Electrocatalytic Activity with Rotating Ring‐Disc Electrode (RRDE) Analysis in Alkaline Environment
Authors: Ferrara Marcello , Bevilacqua Manuela , Tavagnacco Claudio , Vizza Francesco , Fornasiero Paolo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Haber‐Bosch process for NH3 production leads to a considerable greenhouse gas release due to the remarkable use of fossil fuels. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in developing alternative and environmental friendly approaches. Among the possible solutions, the electrocatalytic conversion of N2 has recently gained significant attention; on the other hand, not only scientific but also important technical aspects remain fundamental issues to be clarified. Particularly relevant is the need to improve the analytical protocols to ascertain that any detected NH3 is actually produced from N2 rather than from any external contaminations or partial decomposition of the catalyst itself. Here, a rotating ring‐disc electrode (RRDE) setup is used for the first time to study the N2 electroreduction process with the aim to recognize the product species formed at the disc and detected at the ring electrodes, respectively. We demonstrated that this experimental approach is effective to discern also a low‐level ammonium concentration through monitoring the ammonia oxidation peak at the ring electrode for a fast and preliminary electrocatalytic performance evaluation and to prevent false positives. The versatility of the RRDE method employed as a fingerprint of new electrocatalyst candidates could allow to reserve time and cost.
Titanium Oxide‐Confined Manganese Oxide for One‐Step Electrocatalytic Preparation of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid in Acidic Media
Authors: Gao Lifang , Gan Shiyu , Ma Jinling , Sun Zhonghui , Liu Zhenbang , Zhong Lijie , Zhou Kai , Han Fangjie , Wang Wei , Han Dongxue , Niu Li 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical conversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is an attractive strategy for producing sustainable substitutes for petroleum‐derived polymers. Developing acidic electrocatalysis system is of great significance for the separation of FDCA and improves the efficiency of the whole electrolyzer, which is limited by the availability of effective catalysts. Here, we report a TiOx@MnOx electrocatalyst, which can obtain FDCA precipitation in one‐step in acidic media. The TiOx@MnOx catalyst with the active MnOx species confined in the acid‐resistant TiOx nanowires, and obtained a consistent yield of FDCA precipitation in the continuous conversion of 100 mM HMF (∼24 % under the stoichiometric charge). Electrochemical impedance analyses and electrolysis experiments revealed that the catalytic performance of TiOx@MnOx is related to the concentration of HMF. Further research found that the electrolyzer, electrolysis potential, reaction temperature, and HMF concentration affect the yield and FE of FDCA. This work demonstrates TiOx@MnOx is a practical and inexpensive catalyst for the sustainable synthesis of FDCA in an acidic electrocatalysis system.
Synthesis, Structure and Properties of an Extra‐Large‐Pore Aluminosilicate Zeolite NUD‐6
Authors: Zi Wenwen , Cai Xianshu , Jiao Feng , Du Hongbin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPure silica zeolites possessing uniform micropores, large surface area and high thermal and chemical stability have been widely studied and used in the fields of fine chemicals and oil industry. The incorporation of aluminium into the framework of silica zeolites changes their properties, making them more industrially useful as adsorbents and catalysts. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of an extra‐large‐pore aluminosilicate zeolite NUD‐6 with a 16‐membered‐ring pore channel. Aluminium was directly incorporated into the zeolite NUD‐6 framework, as confirmed by 27Al MAS NMR studies and ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption probes. Al‐NUD‐6 was not stable when heated at 550 °C to remove the organic templates. However, the organic templates in Al‐NUD‐6 could be removed by oxidation in nitric acid at room temperature. The obtained Al‐NUD‐6H retained the crystalline structure and possessed both micropores and mesopores despite the occurrence of severe structural distortions due to the presence of the corner‐sharing Q3 Si2O7 units. The incorporation of aluminium resulted in both medium and strong acid sites in Al‐NUD‐6H, and could facilitate its use in adsorption and catalysis.
A Survey of Strain‐Promoted Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition in Polymer Chemistry
Authors: Li Kelvin , Fong Darryl , Meichsner Eric , Adronov Alex 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHighly efficient reactions that enable the assembly of molecules into complex structures have driven extensive progress in synthetic chemistry. In particular, reactions that occur under mild conditions and in benign solvents, while producing no by‐products and rapidly reach completion are attracting significant attention. Amongst these, the strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition, involving various cyclooctyne derivatives reacting with azide‐bearing molecules, has gained extensive popularity in organic synthesis and bioorthogonal chemistry. This reaction has also recently gained momentum in polymer chemistry, where it has been used to decorate, link, crosslink, and even prepare polymer chains. This survey highlights key achievements in the use of this reaction to produce a variety of polymeric constructs for disparate applications.
“Orthogonal‐Twisted‐Arm” Ligands for The Construction of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs): New Topology and Catalytic Reactivity
Authors: Zhao Kai , He Ying , Shan Chuan , Ren Junyu , Wojtas Lukasz , Wang Li , Li Guanghua , Song Zhiguang , Shi Xiaodong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExtended tetratopic benzoic acid ligands with “orthogonal‐twisted‐arms” conformations were designed and synthesized for the construction of new MOF structures (OTA‐MOF). Upon coordination with Cd2+ and Cu2+ cations, two well‐defined new MOFs were prepared. X‐ray single crystal structures were successfully obtained, demonstrating the formation of a new topology (4,4,4‐c). The OTA2‐MOF‐Cu gave moderate stability in organic solvents and good gas sorption ability toward CO2. This new MOF showed superior catalytic reactivity toward the epoxide‐CO2 cycloaddition, giving >50 folds yield enhancement over the controlled reaction without MOF. It is expected that this new ligand design, porous structure, and excellent CO2 catalytic reactivity will make OTA‐MOF promising new materials for applications in catalysis and separation.
Predictive classifier for intensive treatment of head and neck cancer
Authors: Zakeri Kaveh , Rotolo Federico , Lacas Benjamin , Vitzthum Lucas K. , Le Quynh‐Thu , Gregoire Vincent , Overgaard Jens , Hackshaw Allan , Zackrisson Björn , Parmar Mahesh K. B. , Burtness Barbara A. , Ghi Maria Grazia , Sanguineti Giuseppe , O’Sullivan Brian , Fortpied Catherine , Bourhis Jean , Shen Hanjie , Harris Jonathan , Michiels Stefan , Pignon Jean‐Pierre , Mell Loren K. ,   for the MARCH/MACH‐NC Collaborative Group and the Head and Neck Cancer Intergroup
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThis study was designed to test the hypothesis that the effectiveness of intensive treatment for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) depends on the proportion of patients' overall event risk attributable to cancer.MethodsThis study analyzed 22,339 patients with LAHNC treated in 81 randomized trials testing altered fractionation (AFX; Meta‐Analysis of Radiotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Head and Neck [MARCH] data set) or chemotherapy (Meta‐Analysis of Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer [MACH‐NC] data set). Generalized competing event regression was applied to the control arms in MARCH, and patients were stratified by tertile according to the ω score, which quantified the relative hazard for cancer versus competing events. The classifier was externally validated on the MACH‐NC data set. The study tested for interactions between the ω score and treatment effects on overall survival (OS).ResultsFactors associated with a higher ω score were a younger age, a better performance status, an oral cavity site, higher T and N categories, and a p16‐negative/unknown status. The effect of AFX on OS was greater in patients with high ω scores (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85‐0.99) and medium ω scores (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84‐0.98) versus low ω scores (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90‐1.05; P for interaction = .086). The effect of chemotherapy on OS was significantly greater in patients with high ω scores (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75‐0.88) and medium ω scores (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78‐0.93) versus low ω scores (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86‐1.08; P for interaction = .011).ConclusionsLAHNC patients with a higher risk of cancer progression relative to competing mortality, as reflected by a higher ω score, selectively benefit from more intensive treatment.
Exploring Manually Curated Annotations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins with DisProt
Authors: Quaglia Federica , Hatos András , Piovesan Damiano , Tosatto Silvio C. E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDisProt is the major repository of manually curated data for intrinsically disordered proteins collected from the literature. Although lacking a stable tertiary structure under physiological conditions, intrinsically disordered proteins carry out a plethora of biological functions, some of them directly arising from their flexible nature. A growing number of scientific studies have been published during the last few decades in an effort to shed light on their unstructured state, their binding modes, and their functions. DisProt makes use of a team of expert biocurators to provide up‐to‐date annotations of intrinsically disordered proteins from the literature, making them available to the scientific community. Here we present a comprehensive description on how to use DisProt in different contexts and provide a detailed explanation of how to explore and interpret manually curated annotations of intrinsically disordered proteins. We describe how to search DisProt annotations, using both the web interface and the API for programmatic access. Finally, we explain how to visualize and interpret a DisProt entry, p53, a widely studied protein characterized by the presence of unstructured N‐terminal and C‐terminal regions. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Performing a search in DisProtSupport Protocol 1: Downloading optionsSupport Protocol 2: Programmatic access with DisProt REST APIBasic Protocol 2: Visualizing and interpreting DisProt entries: the p53 use caseBasic Protocol 3: Providing feedback and submitting new intrinsic disorder−related data
High‐performance implementation of a two‐bit geohash coding technique for nearest neighbor search
Authors: M Varalakshmi , Kesarkar Amit P. , Lopez Daphne 
Published: October 2020

SummaryInsights from geohash coding algorithms introduce significant opportunities for various spatial applications. However, these algorithms require massive storage, complex bit manipulation, and extensive code modification when scaled to higher dimensions. In this article, we have developed a two‐bit geohash coding algorithm that divides the search space into four equal partitions where each partition is assigned a two‐bit label as 00, 01, 10, and 11, which helps to uniquely identify a chosen data point and the two neighbors on its either side, taken along a particular dimension. This salient feature of the algorithm simplifies the generation of geohash code for the neighboring grid cells. In addition, it achieves efficient memory utilization by storing the geohash values of the training points as integers. Demonstrated by experiments for climate data assimilation, model‐to‐observation space mapping with a geohash code length of 24 bits for Lat‐Lon extent of India has shown favorable results with an accuracy of 85%. Performance and scalability evaluation of the proposed algorithm, optimized for multicore and many‐core processors has shown significant speedups outperforming a tree‐based approach. This algorithm provides a foundation for new spatial statistical methods that can be used for pattern discovery and detection in spatial big data.
Analysis of Antigen‐Specific Human Memory B Cell Populations Based on In Vitro Polyclonal Stimulation
Authors: Nguyen‐Contant Phuong , Embong A. Karim , Topham David J. , Sangster Mark Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAntigen‐specific memory B cell (MBC) populations mediate the rapid, strong, and high‐affinity secondary antibody responses that play a key role in combating infection and generating protective responses to vaccination. Recently, cell staining with fluorochrome‐labeled antigens together with sequencing methods such as Drop‐seq and CITE‐seq have provided information on the specificity, phenotype, and transcriptome of single MBCs. However, characterization of MBCs at the level of antigen‐reactive populations remains an important tool for assessing an individual's B cell immunity and responses to antigen exposure. This is readily performed using a long‐established method based on in vitro polyclonal stimulation of MBCs to induce division and differentiation into antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs). Post‐stimulation antigen‐specific measurement of the MBC‐derived ASCs (or the secreted antibodies) indicates the size of precursor MBC populations. Additional information about the character of antigen‐reactive MBC populations is provided by analysis of MBC‐derived antibodies of particular specificities for binding avidity and functionality. This article outlines a simple and reliable strategy for efficient in vitro MBC stimulation and use of the ELISpot assay as a post‐stimulation readout to determine the size of antigen‐specific MBC populations. Other applications of the in vitro stimulation technique for MBC analysis are discussed. The following protocols are included. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLCBasic Protocol 1: Polyclonal stimulation of memory B cells using unfractionated PBMCsAlternate Protocol: Stimulation of small PBMC numbers using 96‐well plates with U‐bottom wellsBasic Protocol 2: ELISpot assay for enumeration of memory B cell−derived antibody‐secreting cells
Social sustainable supply chains in the food industry: A perspective of an emerging economy
Authors: Khan Sharfuddin Ahmed , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Kusi‐Sarpong Simonov , Zaman Syed Imran , Kazmi Syed Hasnain Alam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify a list of important social sustainable supply chain indicators and determine the cause and effect group from the food sector of an emerging economy of Pakistan. The Decision‐Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) based methodology is introduced to aid the evaluation of these indicators. The results show that the “balance between work and life” is the topmost influential and cause indicator among the cause group indicators. Similarly, a “safe and healthy working environment” is the topmost effect indicator among the effect group indicators. These results will inform managers and policy makers in the food sector, especially from the emerging economies such as Pakistan to formulate strategies that could aid in advancing social sustainability and transitioning towards a truly sustainable supply chain.
Determination of drugs in exhumed liver and brain tissue after over 9 years of burial by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry—Part 1: Cardiovascular drugs
Authors: Bolte Katarina , Dziadosz Marek , Kono Naomi , Vennemann Benedikt , Klintschar Michael , Teske Jörg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents analytical results of cardiovascular drugs that were determined in exhumed liver and brain tissue in a total of 115 cases. Exhumations were executed after 9.5–16.5 years of burial. Analysis was performed by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. Bisoprolol, verapamil, and xipamide could be proven in all cases in which these were supposedly administered within a defined time frame. Amiodarone was detectable in over 90%, amlodipine in over 80%, and cafedrine, clonidine, phenprocoumon, and torsemide in over 50% of relevant cases. By contrast, atropine, esmolol, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and lisinopril were found in less than 50% of relevant cases, but nifedipine and nitrendipine were not detectable at all. The percentage of positive results for liver and brain tissue for the relevant administered drugs and corresponding postmortem periods are presented per analyte. Neither time since death nor stage of degradation was a reliable predictor of the success rate, as exemplarily shown for furosemide. The presented data may serve as a reference when deciding whether to exhume a corpse for forensic‐toxicological examinations in comparable cases.
Leaf traits and canopy structure together explain canopy functional diversity: an airborne remote sensing approach
Authors: Kamoske Aaron G. , Dahlin Kyla M. , Serbin Shawn P. , Stark Scott C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlant functional diversity is strongly connected to photosynthetic carbon assimilation in terrestrial ecosystems. However, many of the plant functional traits that regulate photosynthetic capacity, including foliar nitrogen concentration and leaf mass per area, vary significantly between and within plant functional types and vertically through forest canopies, resulting in considerable landscape‐scale heterogeneity in three dimensions. Hyperspectral imagery has been used extensively to quantify functional traits across a range of ecosystems but is generally limited to providing information for top of canopy leaves only. On the other hand, lidar data can be used to retrieve the vertical structure of forest canopies. Because these data are rarely collected at the same time, there are unanswered questions about the effect of forest structure on the three ‐dimensional spatial patterns of functional traits across ecosystems. In the United States, the National Ecological Observatory Network's Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) provides an opportunity to address this structure‐function relationship by collecting lidar and hyperspectral data together across a variety of ecoregions. With a fusion of hyperspectral and lidar data from the NEON AOP and field‐collected foliar trait data, we assessed the impacts of forest structure on spatial patterns of N. In addition, we examine the influence of abiotic gradients and management regimes on top‐of‐canopy percent N and total canopy N (i.e., the total amount of N [g/m2] within a forest canopy) at a NEON site consisting of a mosaic of open longleaf pine and dense broadleaf deciduous forests. Our resulting maps suggest that, in contrast to top of canopy values, total canopy N variation is dampened across this landscape resulting in relatively homogeneous spatial patterns. At the same time, we found that leaf functional diversity and canopy structural diversity showed distinct dendritic patterns related to the spatial distribution of plant functional types.