bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New EU member states’ emigration: Projections for future and lessons for the new EU candidates
Authors: Herceg Iva Vuksanović , Herceg Tomislav , Škuflić Lorena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Unlike the old member states that compensate the negative net birth rate with immigration, the new EU member states face both migrational and natural demographic decline. In the last decade, poor level of economic development as well as the accession to the EU encouraged net emigration from the new member states. Panel data for the 12 new member states for the 2007 - 2016 period were used to determine how the length of membership and GDP per capita trailing behind the EU average affect the proportion of the net emigration. It has been shown that on average a country has to reach at least 85 percent of the average EU GDP p.c. (measured in PPS) to prevent emigration, but this level increases with each year of membership by 1.37 percentage points.
Role of mass media and it’s impact on general public during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in North India: An online assessment
Authors: Dhanashree  , Garg Himani , Chauhan Anjali , Bhatia Manisha , Sethi Gaurav , Chauhan Gopal 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Based on the global experience, India has the possibility to be highly affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To contain the spread of the infection, a complete lockdown was enforced from March 25 to May 31, 2020 in India. During the unlock phase from June 1, 2020, only limited mobility was allowed. At present, in the pandemic, mass media is playing a very important role in sharing information and connecting people. The objective of this study is to understand the role and impact of mass media in the general public during COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and Methods:
This study has been conducted on the above 10-year aged population by the online survey through Google spreadsheets. The semi-structured questionnaire was circulated to the known contacts in north Indian states for responses. The data collection started on June 23 and was closed on July 3, 2020.

Results:
This study shows that the use of internet/social media was the highest, followed by TV news before and during lockdown. The use of the internet and TV news increased during the lockdown and the use of newspapers, radio, and magazine declined significantly. The anxiety due to COVID-related news through mass media was reported highest (27.3 %) in the 40–49 years age group and lowest (14.49%) in the 20–29 age group. About 43.18% of people of 30–39 years of age group developed fear, and 28% of 50–59 age groups felt panic due to COVID-related news in media. It has been found that the use of social media is highest in the 20–29 age group followed by 10–19 years age group

Conclusion:
Mass media is playing a very important role in the dissemination of the COVID-related information to the general public in north India. However, the misleading or wrong information shall be checked in the large public interest.
Impact of COVID-19 on medical undergraduate students’ academics and its ramifications
Authors: Syal Arshi , Arya Yajur , Gupta Monica 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected undergraduate medical education all over the world. This effect is most noteworthy on the medical students as clinical orientation and hands-on training are crucial toward development of basic medical skills. Various modifications to the methods of online teaching have been adopted in response to this pandemic to maintain continuity of medical education; however, we do not yet know the implications of this change.

Material and Methods:
To study the impact of this pandemic on medical students and to have a first-hand estimate of the adversities and challenges faced by them, an online questionnaire-based survey was conducted, administered through Google Forms maintaining anonymity. They were asked a series of multiple choice questions pertaining to the effects of this pandemic on their curriculum and academic activities. The responses received were analyzed by univariate analysis.

Results:
Almost half (46.4%) of students reported a decreased interest in medicine after suspension of hands on teaching/practical classes. A total of 136 respondents (69.38%) felt that they became less productive in studies during the pandemic. Approximately 74% respondents felt less motivated to study at home. More than two-thirds of the respondents felt that on graduation, their clinical skills will be inferior to the students who graduated during the “non-COVID” era. About 84.69% of students believed that their examinations should be postponed hoping to get appropriate clinical experience once things normalize.

Conclusion:
Majority of the students feel less motivated and less productive, amidst the transition. The major area that has been compromised is the clinical skills training, a crucial adjunct to theoretical teaching in medical schools, and almost all students believe that their clinical skills in the long term would remain inferior to those who graduated before this pandemic.
Evaluación de un protocolo de prevención de la hipotermia durante anestesia general en perros domésticos sometidos a profilaxis dental
Authors: Jaramillo Cisneros Francisco Javier , Palomino Díaz Henry Steven 
Published: December 2020

El incorrecto manejo térmico del paciente canino sometido a anestesia general puede generar complicaciones en la recuperación e inclusive presentar el riesgo de muerte. El objetivo fue evaluar un protocolo de prevención de la hipotermia en pacientes caninos sanos sometidos a anestesia general para la realización de un procedimiento de profilaxis dental. Para el método investigativo se reclutaron 10 pacientes para un ensayo clínico controlado de tipo cruzado por intención de tratamiento, a los pacientes se les sometió a dos procedimientos anestésicos, el primero sin ningún medio de mantenimiento de la normotermia, y el segundo procedimiento acompañado de un protocolo compuesto por precalentamiento durante 30 minutos a 28°C, manta reflectante Survival Blanket ® + luz radiante (foco infrarrojo de 250W) para minimizar la perdida de temperatura de los pacientes. Se evaluaron las temperaturas rectales (temperatura periférica) durante todo el perioperatorio (60 minutos) obtenidas en los 10 pacientes en ambas intervenciones, siendo estos datos analizados mediante una prueba estadística (T-Test) Como Resultados se encontró diferencias significativas entre aplicar y no aplicar dicho protocolo. Las diferencias estadísticamente significativas que se encontraron fueron: al final de la premedicación (p valor= 0.039), al inicio de la inducción (p valor = 0.041), y durante todo el mantenimiento (p valor= 0.008 – 0.013 – 0.012 – 0.005 – 0.008 – 0.005 – 0.005). Conclusiones. - se observó y demostró que combinar métodos activos y pasivos ayudan a minimizar la perdida de temperatura del paciente.
Correlation between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Reaction of Fullerene
Authors: Kawashima Masatoshi 
Published: December 2020

It turned out that the same regression equation betweenyield and reduced mass of raw materials holds incycloaddition, Bingel reaction, and other reactions offullerene. For the reactions, where the molecular weight of theproduct exceeds around 1500, reduced mass was obtainedfrom molecular weight adjusted by number of rotatable bondsto show a similar correlation by the regression equation.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING ON THREE TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTSAGAINSTPILES
Authors: Devi Ujala , Devi Inaocha , Singh Chand 
Published: December 2020

The aim of the present study was to determine phytochemical analysis and the total phenol contents of the leaves of Paederiafoetida, Clerodendrumsiphonanthes and Blumeopsisflava. Leave extract were prepared with methanol by Soxhlet apparatus. Total phenolic contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteus reagent method. Alkaloid, phenol, flavonoid, terpenoid, glycoside, saponin and steroid were detected in Paederiafoetida but high concentration in terpenoid and steroid. Saponin was absent inBlumeopsisflava. Steroid was also not found in Blumeopsisflava and Clerodendrumsiphonanthes. The total phenolic contents of the methanol e¬xtract of P. foetida, C. siphonanthes and B. flava in terms of Gallic acid equivalent were 138.33 ± 6.41, 131.67 ± 5.77 and 71.25 ± 7.60 mg/g of extract respectively. Paederiafoetida exhibited highest total phenolic contents then followed by C. siphonanthes and B. flava. It is evident that Paederiafoetidahas highest therapeutic efficacy. The present study indicates that these plants are of therapeutic potential due to the presence of various phytochemicals.
SOCIAL VALUES IN ANANTA TOER’S NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA
Authors: Aisyah Feny , Manugeren M. , Purwarno Purwarno 
Published: December 2020

This research focused on the types of social values reflected in Ananta Toer’s novel entitled Bumi Manusia. This novel successfully describes not only the cultural revolution in a colonized country but also an objection against the absolute supremacy of cultural and social values. The research was aimed at revealing the kinds of social values in the novel. The data were in the forms of sentences, paragraphs and dialogues referring to social values such as positive and negative social values. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method with content analysis technique that is by analyzing the letters, words, sentences and verses that can explain some social values in this novel. Based on the research finding and discussion, as well as the theory of social values proposed by Notonegoro (2014), the social values are divided into Value of truth, Aesthetic value, Moral value and Religious value. The results show that there are four types of social value in the novel, i.e. Value of truth (Justice), Aesthetic value (love), Moral value (encouraging kinship and politeness) and Religious value (patience and faith).
Motivasi Kerja Karyawan LPP RRI Mataram Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja
Authors: Cahyadi Irwan 
Published: December 2020

Motivasi merupakan kondisi yang memberikan dorongan kepada manusia untuk melakukan sesuatu demi mencapai tujuan tertentu. Pada dasarnya, setiap manusia membutuhkan motivasi yang menjadi penggerak untuk dapat mengerahkan kemauan dan kemampuannya dalam menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan dengan sebaik mungkin. Semakin kuat motivasi yang dimiliki oleh seseorang, maka semakin kuat pula usaha yang dikeluarkan untuk menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis factor pembentuk motivasi karyawan LPP RRI Mataram dan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja, serta melihat factor pembentuk motivasi apa yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan LPP RRI Mataram. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 49 orang karyawan LPP RRI Mataram, yang selanjutnya dianalisa dengan menggunakan Analisis Regresi Berganda.
Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari kelima factor pembentuk motivasi kerja karyawan LPP RRI Mataram yang terdiri dari gaji, keamanan kerja, lingkungan social, penghargaan, dan aktualisasi diri, hanya variable gaji yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Sedangkan keempat variable lainnya, yaitu keamanan kerja, lingkungan social, penghargaan, dan aktualisasi diri tetap memiliki pengaruh namun tidak signifikan.
Aura dalam Reproduksi Digital: Membaca Ulang Walter Benjamin
Authors: Hardiman Fransisco Budi 
Published: December 2020

<p><em>Walter Benjamin’s essay, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1939), has revealed the fundamental changes of modern work of art affected by its mechanical reproduction. Camera, tape recorder, print machine have turned the work of art to be mass consumption, autonomous from tradition and ritual, and it has now a political function. According to Benjamin all of those new technologies have faded up the aura since the work of art lost its authenticity and its uniqueness. We are in the different era than Benjamin’s because nowadays digital reproduction by means of the internet ends the need of medium for the work of art, multiply and spread it very rapidly. The author comments on Benjamin’s analysis and applies it to discuss the ontological, epistemological, and axiological issues of the work of art in the age of digital reproduction. He argues that in the digital age the work of art will be still auratic if it reveals ‘the extraordinary’ in the experience of our humanity.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>Key words</strong>:<em> aura, hyperpolitization, work of art, medium, attention, digital reproduction </em></p>
Testing-Based Failure Analysis: A Critical Component of the SIA Roadmap Vision
Authors: Maly W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The feasibility of the vision of the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) Road Maps is rooted in a number of important assumptions. One of them is a requirement of up to 90% yields, which must be achieved for each of the subsequent SIA Road Map milestones. This article argues that such high yields cannot be achieved without a substantial increase in the efficiency of failure analysis. Consequently, it is indicated that testing-based failure analysis is the only alternative which must eventually take over the major responsibility for yield ramping. Finally, it is demonstrated that the increase in the cost of manufacturing due to the increase in failure analysis cost can be justified by extra revenue obtained via faster yield ramping. The article suggests that the testing and IC Design for Diagnosability-based rapid failure analysis are key elements for successful realization of the SIA Road Map objectives.
An Application of Breakthrough Failure Analysis Techniques in Eliminating Silicon Dislocation Problem in Sub-Micron CMOS Devices
Authors: Yeoh E. H. , Mak W. M. , Lock H. C. , Sim S. K. , Ooi C. C. , Baker B. , Core D. , Maxwell K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As device interconnect layers increase and transistor critical dimensions decrease below sub-micron to cater for higher speed and higher packing density, various new and subtle failure mechanisms have emerged and are becoming increasingly prevalent. Silicon dislocation is a new failure mechanism that falls in this category and was for the first time, uncovered in submicron multilayered CMOS devices. This mechanism was responsible for a systematic yield problem; identified as the 'centre GFA wafer' functional failure problem. In this paper, several breakthrough failure analysis techniques used to narrow down and identify this new mechanism will be presented. Root cause determination and potential solution to this problem will also be discussed.
Application of Laser Scanning Microscope to Analyze Forward Voltage Snapback of Compound Semiconductors
Authors: Morris M. L. , Cook B. , DiSilvestro J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A forward voltage (Vf) snapback phenomenon was observed during the analysis of silicon doped gallium-arsenide (GaAs) light emitting diodes (LEOs). In this paper emphasis is placed on both the techniques used during the analysis and the information obtained. Apart from the standard curve tracer characterizations, and utilization of two microsection techniques, significance is placed on the use of a laser scanning microscope (LSM). The LSM has four main analys is features: photoemission (FE) microscopy, optical beam induced current (OBIC), confocal microscopy and infrared laser scanning microscopy [1]. The analysis of the LEOs utilizes two of these features, PE microscopy and OBlC analysis. These techniques are used in a complementary fashion to analyze the forward voltage snapback. The analysis reveals two independent wafer processing related issues, a junction anomaly and an unintentional phantom junction at the substrate to epi interface. Both phenomena can result in the LED Vf snapback.
Moisture Detection Method in Ceramic Package by Slight Current Measurement
Authors: Hirai A. , Kikuchi T. , Namba H. , Sato J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A method of measuring moisture in the ceramic Package (pKG) without the destruction of the samples was developed (We define KNH method: kinahi method). The moisture oondition in the cavity can be oonfirmed by the temperature dependence of the leakage current between adjaoont terminals (At least one of measured terminals is non-oonnect). This method is performed by measuring the leakage current between non-oonnect terminals at various temperatures. The temperature is raised from room temperature. In the caseof the standard sample which has no moisture in the cavity, the leakage current increases as the temperature is raised. However, a sample which has a large amount of moisture in the cavity has a leakage current that decreases with increasing temperature and increases after this cycle. When the temperature is raised, the leakage current decreases because of a decrease in oondensed moisture. After the temperature without oondensing, the leakage current increases as same as standard sample. When this KNH method is used for the product which has no non-oonnect terminals, the leakage current can be measured by using the signal terminals at 0.2V which is the voltage under Vt of protection diode. This KNH method is very useful for oonfirmation of the slight leakage current of fine ceramic PKG and for the amount of moisture in the cavity
Single Contact Electron Beam Induced Current Microscopy for Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits
Authors: Phang J. C. H. , Kolachina S. , Chan D. S. H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Single Contact Electron Beam Induced Current (SCEBIC) microscopy, a new junction imaging technique suitable for visualization of unconnected pn junctions in integrated circuits is presented. By using the substrate contact alone of a die, the SCEBIC approach eliminates the need to connect a junction to the imaging electronics as is done in the conventional Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC) technique. The principles of SCEBIC are discussed and experimental data which validate the SCEBIC approach for imaging of pn junctions is presented. Examples of SCEBIC images are presented and applications of SCEBIC microscopy in IC failure analysis are discussed.
Electrical and Chemical Characterization of FIB-Deposited Insulators
Authors: Campbell A. N. , Tanner D. M. , Soden J. M. , Stewart D. K. , Doyle A. , Adams E. , Gibson M. , Abramo M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The electrical and chemical properties of insulators produced by codeposition of siloxane compounds or TEOS with oxygen in a focused ion beam (FIB) system were investigated. Metal-insulator-metal capacitor structures were fabricated and tested. Specifically, leakage current and breakdown voltage were measured and used to calculate the effective resistance and breakdown field. Capacitance measurements were performed on a subset of the structures. It was found that the siloxanebased FIB-insulators had superior electrical properties to those based on TEOS. Microbeam Rutherford backscattering spectrometry analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the films and to help understand the differences in electrical behavior as a function of gas chemistry and deposition conditions. Finally, a comparison is made between the results presented here, previous results for FIB-deposited insulators, and typical thermally-grown gate oxides and interlevel dielectric Si02 insulators.
IC Design Modification Using Laser Assisted Organometal Deposition
Authors: Bethke D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper explains how laser assisted deposition used in combination with focused ion beam (FIB) milling reduces turnaround time for complex circuit modifications. It presents the results of three case studies, characterizing the process and the effect of various processing parameters. The first case involves the creation of a low resistance path between internal signal lines using only laser techniques; the second case demonstrates the use of laser deposition to route interconnects, millimeters in length, between two complex FIB modifications; and the third case is designed to reproduce a charge build-up problem. The paper also discusses the use of gold as a deposition material.
A Process Induced Failure Mechanism in the EEPROM Cell - Its Identification and Solution
Authors: Tsang Y. L. , Cavins C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A 0.8 μm technology based Electrical Erasable, Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) cell having a high voltage select transistor and a floating gate transistor with a control gate on top as used in the Motorola Neuron product chip set was analyzed for program and erase failure. Silicon pitting in the select transistor channel was identified to be the failure mechanism. The silicon pitting was experimentally confirmed to be attributed to the penetration of the bottom oxide in the oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) structure due to the nitride removal using reactive ion etching (RIE). A modified process flow with a thicker sacrificial oxide under the nitride eliminated the pitting failure mechanism and enhanced yield and reliability.
Detection of Gate Oxide Defects Using Electrochemical Wet Etching in KOH:H2O Solution
Authors: Ohtani N. , Katayama T. , Yamamoto H. , Koyama H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A new technique to detect gate oxide defects has been developed. This method is based on electrochemical wet (ECW) etching of Si in KOH:H 20 electrolyte. Using this method, only leaky poly-Si gates caused by gate oxide defects can be clearly observed. When applying a certain voltage to a Si substrate in KOH:H20 after exposing the polySi gates, normal poly-Si gates can be etched, but poly-Si gates shorted to the Si substrate through gate oxide defects remain unetched because of the anodic oxide which covers the leaky gate. This method has proved to be very effective in obtaining information concerning gate oxide integrity without direct observation of gate oxides, which requires complicated deprocessing and a lot of time. This technique also reveals electrical characteristics of gate oxides which may be difficult to identify by conventional physical analysis.
Effectiveness of Emission Microscopy in the Failure Analysis of CMOS ASIC Devices
Authors: Parekh K. H. , Milburn R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the last several years emission microscopy has become an essential tool for failure analysis, specifically for VLSI devices. This paper describes various die related failure mechanisms in CMOS ASIC devices which were detected by emission microscopy. The failure analysis results discussed in this paper are primarily of the devices which were analyzed over the period of the last three years, 1994 - 1996. These devices were from a broad spectrum of final test failures, qualification and reliability test failures, special evaluation failures, testing and assembly failures at customer sites, and end user field failures. In addition to the failure mechanism statistic scanning electron micrographic illustrations of some of the failure mechanisms and associated damage are presented in this paper. The data presented in this paper clearly show the effectiveness of photon emission microscopy. The value of emission microscopy really lies in quick detection of failure locations on the die which failed functionally or due to excessive static IOD, functional IOD, or input/output leakage currents. It has certainly impacted tum around time of the analysis as significant reduction in analysis time has been achieved. In some cases same day turn around was possible.
BiCMOS Die Sort Yield Improvement from Isolation of a Localized Defect Mechanism and Precision TEM Cross Section
Authors: Douglass J. , Myers T. D. , Tsai F. , Ketcheson R. , Errett J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper describes how the authors used a combination of focused ion beam (FIB) microprobing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and data and process analysis to determine that localized water residue was causing a 6% yield loss at die sort.