bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minipuberty in Klinefelter syndrome: Current status and future directions
Authors: Aksglaede Lise , Davis Shanlee M. , Ross Judith L. , Juul Anders 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKlinefelter syndrome is highly underdiagnosed and diagnosis is often delayed. With the introduction of non‐invasive prenatal screening, the diagnostic pattern will require an updated description of the clinical and biochemical presentation of infants with Klinefelter syndrome. In the first months of life, the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG)‐axis is transiently activated in healthy males during the so‐called minipuberty. This period represents a “window of opportunity” for evaluation of the HPG‐axis before puberty and without stimulation tests. Infants with Klinefelter syndrome present with a hormonal surge during the minipuberty. However, only a limited number of studies exist, and the results are contradictory. Further studies are needed to clarify whether infants with Klinefelter syndrome present with impaired testosterone production during the minipuberty. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of the neonate and infant with Klinefelter syndrome with special focus on the minipuberty and to update the clinical recommendations for Klinefelter syndrome during infancy.
Financial journeys of Australian parents after separation – transitions into and out of poverty
Authors: Qu Lixia , Weston Ruth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is well established that relationship separation has greater negative economic consequences for mothers than for fathers in Australia and other developed countries. While research has shown that, at an aggregate level, such negative impacts tend to diminish with time, the rate of change is generally slower for mothers than fathers, and a higher proportion of mothers than fathers continue to experience entrenched financial difficulties. Less is known about the variability of economic journeys experienced by women and men, taken separately, and factors influencing diverse economic trajectories. Drawing on data from the Longitudinal Study of Separated Families (LSSF), which followed up a large sample parents at three post‐separation points, this article examines poverty rates across a 4‐year period, transitions into and out of poverty and factors affecting these pathways.
A constitutive model of thermoviscoelastic semicrystalline shape memory polymer considering viscous dissipation in the amorphous phase
Authors: Akbari Reza , Alamdarnejad Ghazaleh , Kokabi Mehrdad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMathematical modeling has increasingly recognized as a powerful tool that could aid the understanding of shape memory behavior in semicrystalline shape memory polymer (SMP). Up to now, studies have not fully taken into account the viscous effect of the amorphous phase in the whole shape memory cycle, which causes a more realistic prediction of the SMP behavior. In this work, a constitutive thermoviscoelastic model was developed to predict the thermomechanical behavior of semicrystalline SMP. The simulated results of the proposed model for a typical uniaxial deformation were compared with the case having no dissipation effect, also with experimental data. The accuracy improvements in the results of the stress–strain trends together with fixing ratio and recovery ratio obtained from the modified model were significant. The results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The modified model revealed a real and more accurate trend by considering viscous dissipation.
Improved tribological and noise suppression performance of graphene/nitrile butadiene rubber composites via the exfoliation effect of ionic liquid on graphene
Authors: Yang Xue , Zhang Zheming , Zhang Tongrui , Nie Min , Li Yijun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMinimization and suppression of friction and noise in underwater bearings remains a key aspect in modern marine vehicle industry owing to the growing need for reliability, and passenger comfort. In this study, graphene nano‐flake (Gr) was introduced into the nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) with assistance of ionic liquid (IL). Owing to the positive charge generated by the secondary ordering layer on the Gr surface, Gr were effectively exfoliate into few layers and uniformly dispersed in the NBR matrix. Accordingly, the friction coefficient and volume wear rate decreased to 0.3124 and 6.44 × 10−6 mm3·N−1·m−1 in the nanocomposite, depicting a 31.52% and 51.9% reduction than pure NBR. It was demonstrated that the reinforced hardness and the formation of tribological layer of Gr played a vital role in the lubricating mechanism where both deformation and the continuation of the stick–slip effect were prevented. As a proof of concept, the total vibration acceleration level of the NBR/GR‐IL composite decreased from 111.37 ± 5.57 dB to 79.68 ± 3.98 dB, exhibiting good noise and vibration suppression effect. This work not only broadens the application of GR‐based materials, but also shed some light on the designing philosophy to improve the efficiency, service life and safety of the future marine vehicles.
Alterations to vestibular morphology in highly bred domestic dogs may affect balance
Authors: Smith Christopher M. , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe modern domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) provides an excellent model to examine the effects of cranial modification. Extreme variation in skull length among dog breeds due to high levels of selective breeding is known to be linked to disorders of the head and neck. Such alteration may also influence sensory organs including those of the vestibular system (VS), one of the most fundamental sense organs, essential in maintaining balance. Studies in mammals have shown that orientation of ipsilateral semicircular canals (SCCs) of the VS at right angles (orthogonality) is related to angular acceleration sensitivity. Due to their considerable variation in craniofacial form while exhibiting similar locomotion, domestic dogs provide an excellent natural experiment to examine if cranial alteration influences VS functional morphology. Our methods examine how change in cranial base length across dog breeds relates to SCC orthogonality using linear modeling and analyses of variance. The sample studied (29 bony labyrinths of 17 dog breeds) was obtained from a previous study on canid inner ear metrics. Results support the hypothesis that orthogonality between the anterior and posterior SCC + ampulla significantly correlates with cranial base length. This suggests a close relationship between the orientations of SCCs with their ampullae and cranial structure among dog breeds. Specifically, highly derived breeds, such as the brachycephalic pug, have anterior and posterior SCCs and ampullae that deviate the most from orthogonality. Therefore, such highly bred domestic dogs may also have altered vestibular function due to compressed cranial form.
Costly signalling and the distribution of monumental mounds in Savai‘i and ‘Upolu, Sāmoa
Authors: GLOVER HAYLEY J. , LADEFOGED THEGN N. , COCHRANE ETHAN E. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMonumental architecture has long been a focus of archaeological research. The construction of large and elaborate structures is a costly endeavour, which may seem to have little immediate benefit. Costly signalling is one explanation which can be applied to this problem by determining the contexts in which monument construction would carry a selective advantage. This study investigates stone and earthen mounds and platforms from Savai‘i and ‘Upolu in Sāmoa. These are among the most common type of archaeological feature in the landscape, yet targeted research explaining why these costly mounds were built is lacking. One of the primary expectations of costly signalling is that monuments will be located near areas where contested resources are abundant. To test this expectation, a semi‐automated feature identification method was used to identify mounds in LiDAR data, and a model of agricultural productivity was produced to map locations where the cultivation of dryland taro should have been successful. Mounds were found to be preferentially located near areas with high agricultural potential, suggesting that costly signalling could be an explanation for mound construction in Sāmoa, where mounds served to demonstrate resource holding potential and competitive ability.
A measure of case complexity for streamlining workflow in multidisciplinary tumor boards: Mixed methods development and early validation of the MeDiC tool
Authors: Soukup Tayana , Morbi Abigail , Lamb Benjamin W. , Gandamihardja Tasha A.K. , Hogben Katy , Noyes Katia , Skolarus Ted A. , Darzi Ara , Sevdalis Nick , Green James S.A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThere is increasing emphasis in cancer care globally for care to be reviewed and managed by multidisciplinary teams (ie, in tumor boards). Evidence and recommendations suggest that the complexity of each patient case needs to be considered as care is planned; however, no tool currently exists for cancer teams to do so. We report the development and early validation of such a tool.MethodsWe used a mixed‐methods approach involving psychometric evaluation and expert review to develop the Measure of case‐Discussion Complexity (MeDiC) between May 2014 and November 2016. The study ran in six phases and included ethnographic interviews, observations, surveys, feasibility and reliability testing, expert consensus, and multiple expert‐team reviews.ResultsPhase‐1: case complexity factors identified through literature review and expert interviews; Phase‐2: 51 factors subjected to iterative review and content validation by nine cancer teams across four England Trusts with nine further items identified; Phase 3: 60 items subjected to expert review distilled to the most relevant; Phase 4: item weighing and further content validation through a national UK survey; Phases 5 and 6: excellent interassessor reliability between clinical and nonclinical observers, and adequate validity on 903 video case discussions achieved. A final set of 27 factors, measuring clinical and logistical complexities were integrated into MeDiC.ConclusionsMeDiC is an evidence‐based and expert‐driven tool that gauges the complexity of cancer cases. MeDiC may be used as a clinical quality assurance and screening tool for tumor board consideration through case selection and prioritization.
BRAF mutation and its inhibitors in sarcoma treatment
Authors: Liu Haotian , Nazmun Nahar , Hassan Shafat , Liu Xinyue , Yang Jilong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a significant role in mediating cellular physiological activities, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence. This signaling pathway is composed of several major proto‐oncogenes of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, among which the BRAF proto‐oncogene, as one of the three members of the RAF family, has a higher mutation rate than ARAF and CRAF and has attracted extensive attention. Regarding the BRAF mutation, approximately 95% of BRAF mutations belong to the BRAF V600E mutation, which can enhance the expression of the MAPK signaling pathway and is thus related to the occurrence and development of various malignant tumors and has been successfully identified as a therapeutic target. Moreover, drug resistance to BRAF inhibitor treatment also appears to be an important issue. Considering the successful use of BRAF inhibitors in melanoma, we provide a brief overview of the BRAF mutations, including their basic structures and activation mechanisms, and the new classification method for BRAF mutations. Most importantly, we summarize the results of BRAF inhibitor treatment in different sarcomas. To overcome drug resistance to BRAF inhibitor treatment, we also outline the different mechanisms of drug resistance to BRAF inhibitor treatment and introduce the combination strategy of BRAF inhibitors with other targeted therapies.
Employing autobiographical memory perspective to influence self‐congruence and brand preference
Authors: Mandal Sudipta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper advances our understanding of consumer behavior by examining the influence of autobiographical memory perspective on consumer's self‐congruence. While extant research has primarily restricted itself to the consequences of self‐congruence, this work focuses on an antecedent, by examining the psychological processes associated with the consumer's autobiographical memory perspective and the resulting impact on self‐congruence. Through three experiments, we demonstrate that visualizing autobiographical memories from a first‐person versus a third‐person perspective impacts consumers' self‐brand congruence differently under varied circumstances. Specifically, differing degrees of self‐brand congruence are experienced when consumers focus on differences (vs. similarities) between their present and recalled selves, combined with distinct autobiographical memory perspectives. The autobiographical memory perspective is identified as a key determinant of consumers' perceived change in self‐image, which, in turn, has a cascading effect on their self‐brand congruence. Thus, consumers' perceived change in self‐image is identified as the mechanism underlying the main effect. Furthermore, as an important component of self‐image, this research determines and examines a moderating influence of self‐esteem in the relationship between autobiographical memory perspective and self‐congruence. Collectively, these results facilitate our understanding of the autobiographical memory perspective as an antecedent of consumer's self‐congruence, with implications for nostalgia advertising and retro branding.
A Series of Benzylidenes Linked to Hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide as Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Structure−Activity Relationship
Authors: Hosseinpoor Hona , Iraji Aida , Edraki Najmeh , Pirhadi Somayeh , Attarroshan Mahshid , Khoshneviszadeh Mahsima , Khoshneviszadeh Mehdi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTyrosinase is a type 3 copper enzyme responsible for skin pigmentation disorders, skin cancer, and enzymatic browning of vegetables and fruits. In the present article, 12 small molecules of 2‐benzylidenehydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐tyrosinase activities followed by molecular docking and pharmacophore‐based screening. Among synthesized thiosemicarbazone derivatives, one compound, (2E)‐2‐[(4‐nitrophenyl)methylidene]hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide, is the strongest inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase with IC50 of 0.05 μM which demonstrated a 128‐fold increase in potency compared to the positive control. Kinetic studies also revealed mix type inhibition by this compound. Docking studies confirmed the complete fitting of the synthesized compounds into the tyrosinase active site. The results underline the potential of 2‐benzylidenehydrazine‐1‐carbothioamides as potent pharmacophore to extend the tyrosinase inhibition in drug discovery.
Resting distal to aortic pressure ratio and fractional flow reserve discordance affects the diagnostic performance of quantitative flow ratio: Results from an individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Westra Jelmer , Eftekhari Ashkan , Tu Shengxian , Campo Gianluca , Escaned Javier , Winther Simon , Matsuo Hitoshi , Qu Xinkai , Koltowski Lukasz , Chang Yunxiao , Liu Tommy , Yang Junqing , Andersen Birgitte Krogsgaard , Wijns William , Böttcher Morten , Christiansen Evald Høj , Xu Bo , Holm Niels Ramsing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of quantitative flow ratio (QFR) related to fractional flow reserve (FFR) and resting distal‐to‐aortic pressure ratio (resting Pd/Pa) concordance.BackgroundQFR is a method for computation of FFR based on standard coronary angiography. It is unclear how QFR is performed in patients with discordance between FFR and resting pressure ratios (distal‐to‐aortic pressure ratio [Pd/Pa]).Materials and MethodsThe main comparison was the diagnostic performance of QFR with FFR as reference stratified by correspondence between FFR and resting Pd/Pa. Secondary outcome measures included distribution of clinical or procedural characteristics stratified by FFR and resting Pd/Pa correspondence.ResultsFour prospective studies matched the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed on patient level data reaching a total of 759 patients and 887 vessels with paired FFR, QFR, and resting Pd/Pa. Median FFR was 0.85 (IQR: 0.77–0.90). Diagnostic accuracy of QFR with FFR as reference was higher if FFR corresponded to resting Pd/Pa: accuracy 90% (95% CI: 88–92) versus 72% (95% CI: 64–80), p < .001, and sAUC 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92‐0.96) versus 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69–0.77), p < .001. Resting Pd/Pa and FFR discordance were related to age, sex, hypertension, and lesion severity.ConclusionDiagnostic performance of QFR with FFR as reference is reduced for lesions with discordant FFR (≤0.80) and resting Pd/Pa (≤0.92) measurements.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on ST‐elevation myocardial infarction in a non‐COVID‐19 epicenter
Authors: Hammad Tarek A. , Parikh Melanie , Tashtish Nour , Lowry Cynthia M. , Gorbey Diane , Forouzandeh Farshad , Filby Steven J. , Wolf William M. , Costa Marco A. , Simon Daniel I. , Shishehbor Mehdi H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to study the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the presentation delay, severity, patterns of care, and reasons for delay among patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a non‐hot‐spot region.BackgroundCOVID‐19 pandemic has significantly reduced the activations for STEMI in epicenters like Spain.MethodsFrom January 1, 2020, to April 15, 2020, 143 STEMIs were identified across our integrated 18‐hospital system. Pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 cohorts were based on March 23rd, 2020, whenstay‐at‐home orders were initiated in Ohio. We used presenting heart rate, blood pressure, troponin, new Q‐wave, and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) to assess severity. Duration of intensive care unit stay, total length of stay, door‐to‐balloon (D2B) time, and radial versus femoral access were used to assess patterns of care.ResultsPost‐COVID‐19 presentation was associated with a lower admission LVEF (45 vs. 50%, p = .015), new Q‐wave, and higher initial troponin; however, these did not reach statistical significance. Among post‐COVID‐19 patients, those with >12‐hr delay in presentation 31(%) had a longer average D2B time (88 vs. 53 min, p = .033) and higher peak troponin (58 vs. 8.5 ng/ml, p = .03). Of these, 27% avoided the hospital due to fear of COVID‐19, 18% believed symptoms were COVID‐19 related, and 9% did not want to burden the hospital during the pandemic.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 has remarkably affected STEMI presentation and care. Patients' fear and confusion about symptoms are integral parts of this emerging public health crisis.
Intracardiac thrombus formation and thromboembolic events in children with cardiomyopathies: A single‐center case series
Authors: Bendahmash Abdulrahman , Almanie Saeed , Alwadai Abdullah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntracardiac thrombosis and distant thromboembolic events are rare complications of patients diagnosed with any type of cardiomyopathies. The low prevalence of this entity makes it challenging and unfortunate for the patients and their families. This review aims to add to the current limited available data describing similar clinical entities.
Simplified Novel Muraymycin Analogues; using a Serine Template Strategy for Linking Key Pharmacophores
Authors: Patel Bhautikkumar , Kerr Rachel V , Malde Alpeshkumar K , Zunk Matthew , Bugg Timothy D. H. , Grant Gary , Rudrawar Santosh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present status of antibiotic research requires the urgent invention of novel agents that act on multidrug‐resistant bacteria. The World Health Organization has classified antibiotic‐resistant bacteria into critical, high and medium priority according to the urgency of need for new antibiotics. Naturally occurring uridine‐derived “nucleoside antibiotics” have shown promising activity against numerous priority resistant organisms by inhibiting the transmembrane protein MraY (translocase I), which is yet to be explored in a clinical context. The catalytic activity of MraY is an essential process for bacterial cell viability and growth including that of priority organisms. Muraymycins are one subclass of naturally occurring MraY inhibitors. Despite having potent antibiotic properties, the structural complexity of muraymycins advocates for simplified analogues as potential lead structures. Herein, we report a systematic structure‐activity relationship (SAR) study of serine template‐linked, simplified muraymycin‐type analogues. This preliminary SAR lead study of serine template analogues successfully revealed that the complex structure of naturally occurring muraymycins could be easily simplified to afford bioactive scaffolds against resistant priority organisms. This study will pave the way for the development of novel antibacterial lead compounds based on a simplified serine template.
Hypofractionated radiotherapy alone with 2.4 Gy per fraction for head and neck cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The Princess Margaret experience and proposal
Authors: Huang Shao Hui , O’Sullivan Brian , Su Jie , Ringash Jolie , Bratman Scott V. , Kim John , Hosni Ali , Bayley Andrew , Cho John , Giuliani Meredith , Hope Andrew , Spreafico Anna , Hansen Aaron R. , Siu Lillian L. , Gilbert Ralph , Irish Jonathan C. , Goldstein David , de Almeida John , Tong Li , Xu Wei , Waldron John 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to identify a subgroup of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who might be suitable for hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT‐hypo) during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsHNSCC cases (oropharynx/larynx/hypopharynx) treated with definitive RT‐hypo (60 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks), moderately accelerated radiotherapy (RT‐acc) alone (70 Gy in 35 fractions over 6 weeks), or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) during 2005‐2017 were included. Locoregional control (LRC) and distant control (DC) after RT‐hypo, RT‐acc, and CCRT were compared for various subgroups.ResultsThe study identified 994 human papillomavirus–positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cases (with 61, 254, and 679 receiving RT‐hypo, RT‐acc, and CCRT, respectively) and 1045 HPV– HNSCC cases (with 263, 451, and 331 receiving RT‐hypo, RT‐acc, and CCRT, respectively). The CCRT cohort had higher T/N categories, whereas the radiotherapy‐alone patients were older. The median follow‐up was 4.6 years. RT‐hypo, RT‐acc, and CCRT produced comparable 3‐year LRC and DC for HPV+ T1‐2N0‐N2a disease (seventh edition of the TNM system [TNM‐7]; LRC, 94%, 100%, and 94%; P = .769; DC, 94%, 100%, and 94%; P = .272), T1‐T2N2b disease (LRC, 90%, 94%, and 97%; P = .445; DC, 100%, 96%, and 95%; P = .697), and T1‐2N2c/T3N0‐N2c disease (LRC, 89%, 93%, and 95%; P = .494; DC, 89%, 90%, and 87%; P = .838). Although LRC was also similar for T4/N3 disease (78%, 84%, and 88%; P = .677), DC was significantly lower with RT‐hypo or RT‐acc versus CCRT (67%, 65%, and 87%; P = .005). For HPV– HNSCC, 3‐year LRC and DC were similar with RT‐hypo, RT‐acc, and CCRT in stages I and II (LRC, 85%, 89%, and 100%; P = .320; DC, 99%, 98%, and 100%; P = .446); however, RT‐hypo and RT‐acc had significantly lower LRC in stage III (76%, 69%, and 91%; P = .006), whereas DC rates were similar (92%, 85%, and 90%; P = .410). Lower LRC in stage III predominated in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma receiving RT‐acc (62%) but not RT‐hypo (80%) or CCRT (92%; RT‐hypo vs CCRT: P = .270; RT‐acc vs CCRT: P = .004). CCRT had numerically higher LRC in comparison with RT‐hypo or RT‐acc in stage IV (73%, 65%, and 66%; P = .336).ConclusionsIt is proposed that RT‐hypo be considered in place of CCRT for HPV+ T1‐T3N0‐N2c (TNM‐7) HNSCCs, HPV– T1‐T2N0 HNSCCs, and select stage III HNSCCs during the COVID‐19 outbreak.