bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of elevated carbon dioxide on the susceptibility of the globally invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus, to glyphosate herbicide
Authors: Cowie Blair W , Venter Nic , Witkowski Ed TF , Byrne Marcus J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe noxious annual herb, Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae), is an invasive weed of global significance, threatening food security, biodiversity and human health. In South Africa, chemical control is frequently used to manage P. hysterophorus, however, concern surrounds increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, which may reduce the efficacy of glyphosate against the weed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the susceptibility of P. hysterophorus to glyphosate (1L/ha: recommended) after being grown for five generations in Convirons under ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (600 and 800 ppm) CO2.RESULTSGlyphosate efficacy decreased with increasing CO2, with mortalities of 100, 83 and 75% recorded at 400, 600 and 800 ppm, respectively. Parthenium hysterophorus experienced enhanced growth and reproduction under elevated CO2, however, glyphosate application was highly damaging, reducing the growth and flowering of plants across all CO2 treatments. Physiologically, glyphosate‐treated plants, in all CO2 treatments, suffered severe declines of >90% in chlorophyll content, maximum quantum efficiency (F
v/Fm), photon absorption (ABS/RC), electron transport (ET
0/RC) and performance index (PI
ABS), albeit at slower rates for plants grown under elevated CO2. Low levels of recovery from glyphosate were documented only for plants grown under elevated CO2 and was attributed to their increased biomass.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that increasing CO2 levels may hinder chemical control efforts used against P. hysterophorus in the future, advocating for further investigation using multigenerational CO2 studies and the maintenance of effective spraying programs at present. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Critical PO2 as a diagnostic biomarker for the effects of low‐oxygen modified and controlled atmospheres on phytosanitary irradiation treatments in the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)
Authors: Chen Chao , Condon Catriona H , Boardman Leigh , Meagher Robert L , Jeffers Laura A , Beam Andrea , Bailey Woodward D , Hahn Daniel A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytosanitary irradiation is a sustainable alternative to chemical fumigants for disinfesting fresh commodities from insect pests. However, irradiating insects in modified atmospheres with very low oxygen (<1 kPa O2) has repeatedly been shown to increase radioprotective response. Thus, there is a concern that modified atmosphere packaging could reduce the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation. One hurdle slowing the widespread application of phytosanitary irradiation is a lack of knowledge about how moderate levels of hypoxia relevant to the modified atmosphere packaging of most fresh commodities (3–10 kPa O2) may affect phytosanitary irradiation treatments. Therefore, we hypothesize that critical PO2 (Pcrit), the level of oxygen at which an insect's metabolism becomes impaired, can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to predict the induction of a radioprotective response.RESULTSUsing the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), we show that there is a substantial increase in radiation resistance when larvae are irradiated in atmospheres more hypoxic than their Pcrit (3.3 kPa O2). These data are consistent with our hypothesis that Pcrit could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for what levels of hypoxia may induce radioprotective effects that could impact phytosanitary irradiation treatments.CONCLUSIONWe propose that the relationship between Pcrit and radioprotective effects could allow us to build a framework for predicting the effects of low‐oxygen atmospheres on the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation. However, more widespread studies across pest species are still needed to test the generality of this idea.
Bioassay guided isolation of mosquito biting deterrent compounds from Strumpfia maritima
Authors: Ali Abbas , Ahmed Zaki Mohamed , Parveen Abidah , Ali Zulfiqar , Khan Ikhlas A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn our natural products screening program against mosquitoes, we screened ethanolic extract of Strumpfia maritima Jacq. which showed high biting deterrent activity in Klun and Debboun (K&D) bioassays against Aedes aegypti L. Through bioguided fractionation we isolated six compounds from the active fractions. The extract and pure compounds were evaluated for larvicidal and biting deterrent activity against Aedes aegypti.RESULTSEthanolic extract with proportion not biting (PNB) value of 0.8 ± 0.08 provided biting deterrent activity similar to N,N‐dimethyl‐m‐toluamide (DEET) (PNB = 0.9 ± 0.05) against Ae. aegypti. Five out of eight fractions, prepared through bioassay‐guided fractionation, showed biting deterrent activity similar to DEET. Six compounds were isolated from active fractions and characterized as squalene, ursolic acid, betulonic acid, cabraleone, ursolic acid acetate, and 27‐p‐E‐coumaroyloxyursolic acid. The biting deterrent activity of ursolic acid acetate (biting deterrence index, BDI = 0.85), cabraleone (BDI = 0.79), and ursolic acid (BDI = 0.78) was similar to DEET against Ae. aegypti. Strumpfia maritima extract did not show larvicidal activity at the highest screening dose of 125 ppm in the larvicidal bioassay.CONCLUSIONThe ethanolic extract and pure compounds showed biting deterrent activity against Ae. aegypti. The high biting deterrent activity of ursolic acid acetate and cabraleone indicated a great potential for these natural compounds to be developed as mosquito repellents. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Carbon Nanolights in Piezopolymers are Self‐Organizing Toward Color Tunable Luminous Hybrids for Kinetic Energy Harvesting
Authors: He Xuebing , Wang Chuanfeng , Huang Xi , Jin Long , Chu Xiang , Xie Meilin , Nie Yiwen , Xu Yali , Peng Zhou , Zhang Chaoliang , Lu Jun , Yang Weiqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, an all‐solid‐state sequential self‐organization and self‐assembly process is reported for the in situ construction of a color tunable luminous inorganic/polymer hybrid with high direct piezoresponse. The primary inorganic self‐organization in solid polymer and the subsequent polymer self‐assembly are achieved at high pressure with the first utilization of piezo‐copolymer (PVDF‐TrFE) as the host matrix of guest carbon quantum dots (CQDs). This process induces the spontaneous formation of a highly ordered, microscale, polygonal, and hierarchically structured CQDs/PVDF‐TrFE hybrid with multicolor photoluminescence, consisting of very thermodynamic stable polar crystalline nanowire arrays. The electrical polarization‐free CQDs/PVDF‐TrFE hybrids can efficiently harvest the environmental available kinetic mechanical energy with a new large‐scale group‐cooperation mechanism. The open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current outputs reach up to 29.6 V cm−2 and 550 nA cm−2, respectively. The CQDs/PVDF‐TrFE–based hybrid nanogenerator demonstrates drastically improved durable and reliable features during the real‐time demonstration of powering commercial light emitting diodes. No attenuation/fluctuation of the electrical signals is observed for ≈10 000 continuous working cycles. This study may offer a new design concept for progressively but spontaneously constructing novel multiple self‐adaptive complex inorganic/polymer hybrids that promise applications in the next generation of self‐powered autonomous optoelectronic devices.
Multimodal Stimulation in a Microfluidic Device Facilitates Studies of Interneurons in Sensory Integration in C. elegans
Authors: Cho Yongmin , Lee Sol Ah , Chew Yee Lian , Broderick Kirby , Schafer William R. , Lu Hang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnimals' perception and behavior involve integration of multiple sensory modalities. Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model for studying multimodal sensory integration, as it has well‐characterized neuronal circuits in a relatively simple nervous system. However, most studies based on functional imaging have only been conducted on single modal stimuli, because well‐controlled multimodal experiments for C. elegans are technically difficult. For instance, no single systems currently deliver precise stimuli with spatial, temporal, and intensity control, despite prior hypotheses that interneurons do integrate these sensory inputs to control behavior. Here, a microfluidic platform that can easily deliver spatially and temporally controlled combination stimuli to C. elegans is presented. With this platform, both sensory and interneuron activity is measured in response to mechanical and chemical stimulations in a quantitative and high‐throughput manner. It is found that the activity of command interneuron PVC can be modulated by prior stimulation both within the same and across different modalities. The roles of monoaminergic and peptidergic signaling are further examined on the process of multimodal integration through PVC activity. The approach exemplified here is envisioned to be broadly applicable in different contexts to elucidate underlying mechanisms and identify genes affecting multisensory integration.
Hierarchically Structured Two‐Dimensional Bimetallic CoNi‐Hexaaminobenzene Coordination Polymers Derived from Co(OH)2 for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Li Chun , Gao Yanting , Xia Xifeng , Zhu Junwu , Wang Xin , Fu Yongsheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConjugated coordination polymers (CPs) with designable and predictable structures have drawn tremendous attention in recent years. However, the poor electrical conductivity and low structural stability seriously restrict their practical applications in electronic devices. Herein, the rational design and synthesis of a hierarchically structured 2D bimetallic CoNi‐hexaaminobenzene CPs derived from Co(OH)2 are reported as an efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) self‐supported electrode. The as‐obtained electrode possesses high electrochemical surface area and intrinsic activity, exhibiting high electrochemical catalytic activity, favorable reaction kinetics performance, and strong durability compared with those of the powder catalysts. As a result, the electrode delivers low overpotential of 219 mV @ 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 42 mV dec−1 as well as 91.3% retention of current density after 24 h of reaction time. The results of density functional theory computations reveal that the synergistic effect of Co and Ni plays an important role in OER. This work not only presents a strategy to fabricate advanced self‐supported electrodes with abundant and dense active sites, but also promotes the development of conjugated CPs for electrocatalysis.
A survey on the service interoperability in cloud computing: Client‐centric and provider‐centric perspectives
Authors: Bouzerzour Nour El Houda , Ghazouani Souad , Slimani Yahya 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe vendor lock‐in is a prominent issue in cloud computing. It is caused by cloud providers who offer proprietary services, which hinders the cloud interoperability. Client‐centric interoperability enables the migration of the data and applications across clouds; it gives the clients control over their workloads and a wider range of service choices. Whereas, provider‐centric interoperability allows the providers to collaborate. Thus, providers, who have spare resources, can lend them to other providers who lack computational or storage capabilities to overcome the limitations of their local resources. In this article, we conduct a survey to differentiate between client‐ and provider‐centric interoperability solutions. We aim to provide an up‐to‐date analysis of the current tendencies and the neglected areas of the cloud interoperability field. Thus, we study the cloud service interoperability evolution through the years. Furthermore, we propose definitions for the intra‐cloud and inter‐cloud interoperability. Moreover, we propose a taxonomy to classify the cloud interoperability approaches into client‐centric and provider‐centric categories. Then, for each category, we classify the approaches based on their interoperability environment into single cloud or interconnected clouds. Finally, we analyze and compare the approaches based on multiple criteria. The study reveals the focus on the client‐centric solutions and the interoperability in interconnected clouds. We notice more interest in the data and application levels interoperability, mainly, in infrastructure as a service model. We also find that client‐centric solutions are, mostly, semantic technologies and brokers. However, provider‐centric solutions are middleware, protocols, and standards. We conclude that a generic cloud service interoperability model is needed.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide induces a bivalent metabolism and maintains pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Lees Jarmon G. , Gardner David K. , Harvey Alexandra J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its precursor metabolites are emerging as important regulators of both cell metabolism and cell state. Interestingly, the role of NAD+ in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) metabolism and the regulation of pluripotent cell state is unresolved. Here we show that NAD+ simultaneously increases hESC mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and partially suppresses glycolysis and stimulates amino acid turnover, doubling the consumption of glutamine. Concurrent with this metabolic remodeling, NAD+ increases hESC pluripotent marker expression and proliferation, inhibits BMP4-induced differentiation and reduces global histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation, plausibly inducing an intermediate naïve-to-primed bivalent metabolism and pluripotent state. Furthermore, maintenance of NAD+ recycling via malate aspartate shuttle activity is identified as an absolute requirement for hESC self-renewal, responsible for 80% of the oxidative capacity of hESC mitochondria. Our findings implicate NAD+ in the regulation of cell state, suggesting that the hESC pluripotent state is dependent upon cellular NAD+.
Discrete factor analysis using a dependent Poisson model
Authors: Larsson Rolf 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a method for factor analysis of discrete data. This is accomplished by fitting a dependent Poisson model with a factor structure. To be able to analyze ordinal data, we also consider a truncated Poisson distribution. We try to find the model with the lowest AIC by employing a forward selection procedure. The probability to find the correct model is investigated in a simulation study. Moreover, we heuristically derive the corresponding asymptotic probabilities. An empirical study is also included.
Quantitative analysis of vitamin D and its main metabolites in human milk by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Oberson J. M. , Bénet S. , Redeuil K. , Campos-Giménez E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel method to quantitate vitamin D and its main metabolites (vitamin D3, vitamin D2, and their 25-hydroxy metabolites) in breast milk by supercritical fluid chromatography has been developed and fully validated. A small volume of sample (1 mL) is subjected to ethanolic protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction. Final extracts are derivatized with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione and vitamin D derivatives analyzed by supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Multiple reaction monitoring is used for quantitation. Separation conditions were optimized using a gradient of methanol-water-ammonium formate into carbon dioxide. Make-up solvent was methanol containing ammonium formate. The quantitation limit reached levels as low as 50 pmol/L, with intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations lower than 15% and 20% for all analytes. Accuracy was evaluated by spiking experiments and was well within acceptability ratios (± 15%). The method was then applied to a subset of commercially available human milk samples. The newly developed method provides opportunities to determine the nutritional status of mother-infant dyads from a non-invasive measure, or for interventional or observational studies building knowledge on the composition of human milk.
Unconventional high-pressure Raman spectroscopy study of kinetic and peak pressure effects in plagioclase feldspars
Authors: Sims Melissa , Jaret Steven J. , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Whitaker Matthew L. , Glotch Timothy D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present the results of a high-pressure semi-hydrostatic study of two plagioclase minerals, andesine and albite, using diamond anvil cells (DACs) to characterize in situ variations in Raman spectra under different static pressures. In this work, we also examined the kinetic effects on deformation at both long and short timescales through non-traditional experiments in which the DAC was either dropped or struck with a mallet. We examined the effects of strain rate, quench rate, and pressure duration on the Raman spectra of plagioclase. We observed that amorphization occurred in all the plagioclase samples we analyzed, and that amorphization onset and permanence differ depending on the composition, kinetics, energy input, and peak pressure. In andesine, samples pressurized above a peak pressure of 18 GPa, amorphization is permanent. Below this critical pressure, the phase has ‘memory’, and crystalline andesine reforms on decompression. Our findings suggest the presence of a thermodynamic energy well in andesine around 18 GPa, and we show that any additional energy input while close to 18 GPa results in amorphization becoming permanent. The effect of the energy well may be relevant for longer duration impacts. For such impacts, equilibrium state studies of deformation and phase formation were previously considered to be applicable. These experiments illuminating the presence of memory effects in plagioclase have implications for comparing static compression, in which samples are measured while under compression, with shock compression, for which samples are measured after decompression.
Carotid near-occlusion is often overlooked when CT angiography is assessed in routine practice
Authors: Johansson Elias , Gu Thomas , Aviv Richard I. , Fox Allan J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
Assess the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography angiography (CTA) for carotid near-occlusion diagnosis interpreted in clinical practice against expert assessment.

Methods
CTAs were graded by two expert interpreters for near-occlusion. Findings were compared with clinical reports in 383 consecutive cases with symptomatic ≥ 50% carotid stenosis. In addition, 14 selected CTA exams (8 near-occlusions and 6 controls) were analyzed in a national effort by 13 radiologists experienced with carotid CTA.

Results
In clinical practice, imaging reports were 20% (95% CI 12–28%) sensitive for near-occlusion, ranging 0–58% between different radiologists; specificity was 99%. Among the 13 radiologists reviewing the same 8 near-occlusions, the average sensitivity was 8%, ranging 0–75%; specificity was 100%.

Conclusions
Carotid near-occlusion is systematically under-reported in clinical routine practice, caused by limited application of grading criteria when assessing CTA.

Key Points
• Carotid near-occlusion is severe stenosis with distal artery collapse; this collapse is often subtle.
• A fifth of near-occlusions were detected in routine practice. Many readers mistake near-occlusion for stenosis without distal artery collapse, either by not actively searching for subtle collapses or by not interpreting the collapse correctly when noticed.
• On the other hand, the novice diagnostician should be cautioned to not over-diagnose near-occlusion; other causes of extracranial ICA asymmetry also exist such as distal disease and Circle of Willis anatomical variants.
The association of body mass index with long-term clinical outcomes after ticagrelor monotherapy following abbreviated dual antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a prespecified sub-analysis of the GLOBAL LEADERS Trial
Authors: Ono Masafumi , Chichareon Ply , Tomaniak Mariusz , Kawashima Hideyuki , Takahashi Kuniaki , Kogame Norihiro , Modolo Rodrigo , Hara Hironori , Gao Chao , Wang Rutao , Walsh Simon , Suryapranata Harry , da Silva Pedro Canas , Cotton James , Koning René , Akin Ibrahim , Rensing Benno J. W. M. , Garg Scot , Wykrzykowska Joanna J. , Piek Jan J. , Jüni Peter , Hamm Christian , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Valgimigli Marco , Windecker Stephan , Storey Robert F. , Onuma Yoshinobu , Vranckx Pascal , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The efficacy of antiplatelet therapies following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be affected by body mass index (BMI).

Methods and results
This is a prespecified subgroup analysis of the GLOBAL LEADERS trial, a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial in an all-comer population undergoing PCI, comparing the experimental strategy (23-month ticagrelor monotherapy following 1-month dual antiplatelet therapy [DAPT]) with a reference regimen (12-month aspirin monotherapy following 12-month DAPT). A total of 15,968 patients were stratified by baseline BMI with prespecified threshold of 27 kg/m2. Of those, 6973 (43.7%) patients with a BMI < 27 kg/m2 had a higher risk of all-cause mortality at 2 years than those with BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 (adjusted HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02–1.49). At 2 years, the rates of the primary endpoint (all-cause mortality or new Q-wave myocardial infarction) were similar between treatment strategies in either BMI group (pinteraction = 0.51). In acute coronary syndrome, however, the experimental strategy was associated with significant reduction of the primary endpoint compared to the reference strategy in patients with BMI < 27 kg/m2 (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51–0.94), but not in the ones with BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 (pinteraction = 0.047). In chronic coronary syndrome, there was no between-group difference in the efficacy and safety of the two antiplatelet strategies.

Conclusions
Overall, BMI did not influence the treatment effect seen with ticagrelor monotherapy; however, a beneficial effect of ticagrelor monotherapy was seen in ACS patients with BMI < 27 kg/m2.

Trial registration
The trial has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT01813435.

Graphic abstract