bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistent assignment in long‐term care homes: Avoiding the pitfalls to capitalise on the promises
Authors: Caspar Sienna , Brassolotto Julia M. , Cooke Heather A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundConsistent assignment (CA) is the practice within long‐term care (LTC) by which care staff work with the same residents almost every shift for an indefinite period of time. CA is considered by many to be essential to person‐centred care.ObjectivesThis paper explores how staff assignment practices impact the caregiving experience from the perspectives of resident care aides (RCAs), residents and family members and, by doing so, describe the nuanced conditions under which CA may or may not be beneficial to all, and why.MethodsData are drawn from 40 in‐depth interviews conducted as part of a larger institutional ethnography exploring the social organisation of care in three purposively selected LTC homes in Western Canada. Data analysis was based on the principles of constant comparison.ResultsRCAs, residents and family members described the primary benefit of CA as being able to ‘get to know’ each other well and form meaningful relationships. However, the RCAs also indicated that CA can contribute to feelings of isolation, which has negative effects on worker comfort and satisfaction, care team dynamics and communication, and resident care.ConclusionsManagement initiatives are needed to ensure that the implementation of CA does not result in the unintended consequences of decreasing RCAs' experience of teamwork, decreasing RCAs’ exchange of individualised resident care information, or negatively impacting RCAs’ ability and desire to care for each other as well as the residents.Implications for practiceThe staffing practice of consistent assignment in long‐term care homes provides increased opportunities for the development of stronger staff‐resident and staff‐family member relationships. Findings from this study enable us to offer several, evidenced‐based recommendations for ensuring the successful implementation of consistent assignment, such that it may be beneficial to all.
Elective caesarean section and bronchiolitis hospitalization: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Douglas Lindsey C. , Leventer‐Roberts Maya , Levinkron Ohad , Wilson Karen M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to evaluate whether elective caesarean section is associated with subsequent hospitalization for bronchiolitis.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study that used the electronic medical record database of Clalit Health Services, the largest healthcare fund in Israel, serving over 4.5 million members and over half of the total population. The primary outcome was bronchiolitis admission in the first 2 years of life. We performed logistic regression analyses to identify independent associations. We repeated the analysis using boosted decision tree machine learning techniques to confirm our findings.ResultsThere were 124 553 infants enrolled between 2008 and 2010, and 5168 (4.1%) were hospitalized for bronchiolitis in the first 2 years of life. In logistic regression models stratified by seasons, elective caesarean section birth was associated with 15% increased odds (95% CI: 1.02‐1.30) for infants born in the fall season, 28% increased odds (95% CI: 1.11, 1.47) for those born in the winter, 35% increased odds (95% CI: 1.12‐1.62) for those born in the spring and 37% increased odds (95% CI: 1.18‐1.60) for those born in the summer. In the boosted gradient decision tree analysis, the area under the curve for risk of bronchiolitis admission was 0.663 (95% CI: 0.652, 0.674) with timing of birth as the most important feature.ConclusionElective caesarean section, a potentially modifiable risk factor, is associated with increased odds of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in the first 2 years of life. These data should be considered when scheduling elective caesarean sections especially for infants born in spring and summer months.
Attachment style, partner communication, and physical well‐being among couples coping with cancer
Authors: Ramos Katherine , Langer Shelby L. , Todd Michael , Romano Joan M. , Ghosh Neeta , Keefe Francis J. , Baucom Donald H. , Syrjala Karen L. , Porter Laura S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAttachment styles may influence interpersonal strategies used to cope with stress. We examined links between attachment style, communicative behaviors, and physical well‐being among 166 couples coping with cancer. Results of actor–partner interdependence mediation models indicated that insecure attachment styles were associated with greater self‐report of two different and seemingly contradictory communicative behaviors (disclosure and holding back), which in turn were associated with poorer physical well‐being. These effects were intrapersonal for both patients and spouses, with the exception of anxious attachment and holding back for spouses. They were also interpersonal in that spouse insecure attachment was associated with poorer patient physical well‐being through spouse communication (greater holding back and disclosure). Couple‐based communication interventions to support adjustment should consider attachment style.
Auditor or Adviser? Auditor (In)Dependence and Its Impact on Financial Management
Authors: Yang Lang (Kate) 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFiscal transparency entails government financial reporting and independent audits. This study postulates and tests the dual functions of external auditors: an examiner who assesses government compliance with accounting rules and an adviser who supplements government financial management capacity. Computational text analyses show that localities, especially those with lower financial management capacity, are likely to adopt similar languages in summarizing the governments’ financial conditions if they share the same auditor, suggesting auditor input in government disclosure. The auditor advisory role intensifies with a longer tenure. Further analyses show that auditor tenure is positively associated with the timeliness of audited financial reports. On the other hand, a long tenure reduces the likelihood of auditors' identifying internal control deficiencies and thus points to accountability concerns. These findings highlight the importance of government capacity‐building in fiscal transparency initiatives and the unique challenges to auditor independence in the public sector.
Investigating the association between students' strategy use and mathematics achievement
Authors: Sahin Nesrin , Dixon Juli K. , Schoen Robert C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis observational study used data from 270 second‐grade students to investigate the association between students' strategy use for multidigit addition and subtraction and their mathematics achievement. Based on strategies they used during a mathematics interview, students were classified into the following strategy groups: (a) standard algorithm, (b) invented, (c) mixed, and (d) unclassified. We used two‐level hierarchical linear regression to investigate the association between students' strategy use and their performance on a standardized test in mathematics. Results indicated that students in the mixed strategy groups had significantly higher mathematics achievement than those in the standard algorithm and the unclassified groups.
Interpreting intercultural encounters with 90 Day Fiancé in the world religions' classroom
Authors: Mikles Natasha L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile many college courses on “world religions” have as their foundation an assortment of institutionally‐authoritative, primary sources selected from a canon of sacred texts, this paper argues for a critical reevaluation of such textually‐based teaching methodologies in light of the religious literacy standards set by the American Academy of Religion. When professors are asked to defend the value of a degree in religious studies, they may tout such skills as cultural literacy or being able to conduct business in a globalized marketplace. These are not necessarily the skills one acquires from reading translations of texts like the Bhagavad Gita or the Quran. More often, these texts are assigned because the professor themself studied them in college, in a lineage that dates back to Max Müller and the beginnings of the “World Religions Paradigm.” This article uses the recent standards for religious literacy proposed by the American Academy of Religion to suggest a different object of analysis for obtaining these skills and framing intercultural encounters: the reality television franchise 90 Day Fiancé. This is presented as a case study of how a re‐imagined World Religions course may feature more creative and deliberate choices in order to achieve the skills promised.
Active cholesterol 20 years on
Authors: Lange Yvonne , Steck Theodore L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis review considers the following hypotheses, some well‐supported and some speculative. Almost all of the sterol molecules in plasma membranes are associated with bilayer phospholipids in complexes of varied strength and stoichiometry. These complexes underlie many of the material properties of the bilayer. The small fraction of cholesterol molecules exceeding the binding capacity of the phospholipids is thermodynamically active and serves diverse functions. It circulates briskly among the cell membranes, particularly through contact sites linking the organelles. Active cholesterol provides the upstream feedback signal to multiple mechanisms governing plasma membrane homeostasis, pegging the sterol level to a threshold set by its phospholipids. Active cholesterol could also be the cargo for various inter‐organelle transporters and the form excreted from cells by reverse transport. Furthermore, it is integral to the function of caveolae; a mediator of Hedgehog regulation; and a ligand for the binding of cytolytic toxins to membranes. Active cholesterol modulates a variety of plasma membrane proteins—receptors, channels and transporters—at least in vitro.
Treatment of canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma using definitive‐intent radiation as a monotherapy—a case series
Authors: van der Steen Francine , Zandvliet Maurice 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCanine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (COPSCC) is a rare neoplasm and although locally invasive it carries a favourable prognosis following wide surgical excision. Radiotherapy has been reported to be effective as an adjunct treatment to surgery. However, limited information is available on the role of radiotherapy as single treatment. This single‐institution retrospective study describes a series of 10 dogs diagnosed with macroscopic COPSCC that were treated with definitive‐intent radiotherapy (DRT) as a monotherapy. These dogs had a median age of 4 years (range: 0.4‐9.6 years). The tumour was located in the rostral oral cavity in all cases with a median tumour size of 2.5 cm (range: 0.8‐6.8 cm). No local or distant metastases were identified. All dogs were treated with electron beam DRT (>32Gy, 10‐16 daily fractions of 3.2Gy). The median follow‐up time was 961 days (range: 333‐3.498 days) with nine dogs achieving a complete response and one dog a partial response. The dog with the partial response developed disease progression at 228 days after initiation of radiotherapy. Two dogs died from non‐tumour‐related causes. The remaining seven dogs were still alive and in complete remission at the time of last follow‐up. Median progression‐free survival time and median survival time were not reached. DRT was generally well tolerated, but all dogs experienced self‐limiting acute radiation mucositis (grade 2‐3) and/or dermatitis (grade 1). No late radiation toxicity was observed. Macroscopic COPSCC appears to be a radiosensitive tumour that can be successfully treated with DRT eliminating the need for aggressive surgery in advanced cases.
Prophylactic anti‐glaucoma therapy in dogs with primary glaucoma: A practitioner survey of current medical protocols
Authors: Plummer Caryn E. , Bras Dineli , Grozdanic Sinisa , Komáromy András M. , McLellan Gillian , Miller Paul , Sapienza John S. , Teixeira Leandro , Webb Terah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the use of prophylactic anti‐glaucoma medications in the normotensive fellow eye in dogs with unilateral overt primary glaucoma by veterinary ophthalmology clinicians.MethodsA survey of veterinary ophthalmology clinicians was distributed over two international list serves servicing veterinary ophthalmologists, trainees, and individuals whose practice consisted primarily of ophthalmic patients. The survey was developed following analysis of historical and currently available medical options for control of intraocular pressure and for neuroprotection.ResultsResponses from 199 veterinary ophthalmology clinicians were evaluated. While a large variety of topical anti‐hypertensive drugs and protocols were used, the most commonly used medications were aqueous humor production suppressors such as dorzolamide 2.0% ophthalmic solution, timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution, and a combination product containing both drugs. Latanoprost 0.005% ophthalmic solution was used infrequently for prophylaxis by comparison. The majority of respondents do not use concurrent anti‐inflammatory medications (61.22%), although a sizeable minority used prednisolone acetate, dexamethasone, or ketorolac as prophylactic treatment. Systemically administered ocular anti‐hypertensive agents were rarely used. Only 40% of respondents used neuroprotectant agents; the most commonly prescribed were the calcium channel blocker amlodipine and the nutraceutical Ocu‐Glo™. Recommended intervals between re‐examination by the clinician ranged from one month to one year, with most re‐evaluations occurring every 3 to 6 months. The majority of respondents recommended more frequent assessments of IOP at intervals between once monthly and once every 3 months.ConclusionsData analysis of medical therapy for the normotensive fellow eye of dogs previously diagnosed with primary glaucoma suggests that there is a great need for well‐designed, prospective, controlled, multi‐center studies to determine which protocols have the greatest efficacy in delaying an overt attack in the previously normotensive eye in dogs with a genetic predisposition to glaucoma. Prospective studies utilizing a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor such as dorzolamide and a prostaglandin analogue such as latanoprost would be reasonable as these two drugs are widely used in the treatment of overt glaucoma and would allow for an exploration of the impact of different mechanisms of action of lowering IOP on the pathophysiology of primary glaucoma.
Effects of e‐cigarettes and vaping devices on cardiac and pulmonary physiology
Authors: Tsai MuChun , Byun Min Kwang , Shin John , Crotty Alexander Laura E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractE‐cigarette aerosols are exceedingly different from conventional tobacco smoke, containing dozens of chemicals not found in cigarette smoke. It is highly likely that chronic use of e‐cigarettes will induce pathological changes in both the heart and lungs. Here we review human and animal studies published to date and summarize the cardiopulmonary physiological changes caused by vaping. In terms of cardiac physiology, acute exposure to e‐cigarette aerosols in human subjects led to increased blood pressure and heart rate, similar to traditional cigarettes. Chronic exposure to e‐cigarette aerosols using animal models caused increased arterial stiffness, vascular endothelial changes, increased angiogenesis, cardiorenal fibrosis and increased atherosclerotic plaque formation. Pulmonary physiology is also affected by e‐cigarette aerosol inhalation, with increased airway reactivity, airway obstruction, inflammation and emphysema. Research thus far demonstrates that the heart and lung undergo numerous changes in response to e‐cigarette use, and disease development will depend on how those changes combine with both environmental and genetic factors. E‐cigarettes have been advertised as a healthy alternative to cigarette smoking, and users are under the impression that vaping of e‐cigarettes is harmless, but these claims that e‐cigarettes are safer and healthier are not based on evidence. Data from both humans and animal models are consistent in demonstrating that vaping of e‐cigarettes causes health effects both similar to and disparate from those of cigarette smoking. Further work is needed to define the long‐term cardiopulmonary effects of e‐cigarette use in humans.
image
Design and Evaluation of Torque Compensation Controllers for a Lower Extremity Exoskeleton
Authors: Zhou Xianlian , Chen Xinyu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, we present an integrated human-in-the-loop simulation paradigm for the design and evaluation of a lower extremity exoskeleton that is elastically strapped onto human lower limbs. The exoskeleton has three rotational DOFs on each side and weighs 23 kg. Two torque compensation controllers of the exoskeleton are introduced, aiming to minimize interference and maximize assistance, respectively. Their effects on the wearer's biomechanical loadings are studied with a running motion and predicted ground reaction forces (GRFs). It is found that the added weight of the passive exoskeleton substantially increases the wearer's musculoskeletal loadings. The maximizing assistance controller reduces the knee joint torque by 31% when compared with the normal running (without exoskeleton) and by 50% when compared with the passive exoskeleton case. When compared with the normal running, this controller also reduces the hip flexion and extension torques by 31% and 38%, respectively. As a result, the peak activations of the biceps short head, gluteus maximus, and rectus femoris muscles are reduced by more than a half. Nonetheless, the axial knee joint reaction force increases for all exoskeleton cases due to the added weight and higher ground reaction forces. In summary, the results provide sound evidence of the efficacy of the proposed controllers on reducing the wearer's musculoskeletal loadings. And it is shown that the human-in-the-loop simulation paradigm presented here can be used for virtual design and evaluation of powered exoskeletons and pave the way for building optimized exoskeleton prototypes for experimental evaluation.
An Efficient Technique for Fractional Coupled System Arisen in Magnetothermoelasticity With Rotation Using Mittag–Leffler Kernel
Authors: Veeresha P. , Prakasha D. G. , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we find the solution for fractional coupled system arisen in magnetothermoelasticity with rotation using q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). The proposed technique is graceful amalgamations of Laplace transform technique with q-homotopy analysis scheme, and fractional derivative defined with Mittag–Leffler kernel. The fixed point hypothesis is considered to demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the obtained solution for the proposed fractional order model. To illustrate the efficiency of the future technique, we analyzed the projected model in terms of fractional order. Moreover, the physical behavior of q-HATM solutions has been captured in terms of plots for different arbitrary order. The attained consequences confirm that the considered algorithm is highly methodical, accurate, very effective, and easy to implement while examining the nature of fractional nonlinear differential equations arisen in the connected areas of science and engineering.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Regenerative Thermo-Mechanical Refrigeration System
Authors: Sleiti Ahmad K. , Al-Khawaja Mohammed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Refrigeration systems contribute to the critical environmental concerns including global warming and ozone depletion. It is necessary to develop new systems that use renewable energy resources and waste heat to perform the cooling function with eco-friendly working fluids. This improves the energy efficiency of the power systems and minimizes the harmful effects of conventional refrigeration systems. This paper introduces an analysis of a regenerative thermo-mechanical refrigeration system that is powered with renewable heat sources (solar, geothermal) or waste heat (from internal combustion engines, gas power plants, and steam power plants). The system operates at the supercritical conditions of the working fluids. The performance of the system is evaluated based on power efficiency, the COP, and the expander-compressor diameters. Also, a number of working fluids were compared with each other based on their performance and environmental effects. There is a trade-off between high-performance fluids and their environmental effects. Using R32 as a working fluid at Th = 150 °C and Tc1 = 40 °C, the system produces a cooling capacity of 1 kW with power efficiency of 10.23%, expander diameter of 53.12 mm and compressor diameter of 75.4mm. The regenerator increases the power efficiency by about 1%. However, the size of the regenerator is small (Dr = 6.5 mm, Lr = 142 mm].
Evaporation of Silver-Graphene Hybrid Nanofluid Droplet on its Nanostructured Residue and Plain Copper Surfaces at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Siddiqui Farooq Riaz , Tso Chi Yan , Fu Sau Chung , Qiu Huihe , Chao Christopher Yu Hang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Droplet evaporation is an efficient process as it removes a large amount of heat by using the latent energy, making it suitable for heat transfer applications. In this research, evaporation of the silver-graphene hybrid nanofluid (SGHF) droplet, because of its synergistic thermal conductivity, is investigated for substrate temperature in a range of 25–100 °C. The experiments for droplet evaporation were performed in an environmental facility for two droplet sizes, 3 μL and 30 μL volume, on a copper plate. A 100 W silicone heater mat was used to heat the copper plate from the underside, while two T-type thermocouples were used to monitor its surface temperature. As droplet evaporation ended, a porous residue was formed on the copper surface. Subsequently, a 3 μL volume of the SGHF droplet was dispensed on the porous residue surface. The results showed a tremendous rise in the evaporation rate (up to 160%) for the subsequent SGHF droplet sitting on the porous residue as compared to the non-wetted copper surface. Moreover, the evaporation rate of the SGHF droplet on the copper surface increased up to 56% as compared to the water droplet for a substrate temperature range of 25–100 °C.
Saturation Boiling of HFE-7000 Liquid on Inclined Rough Copper Surfaces
Authors: El-Genk Mohamed S. , Pourghasemi Mahyar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pool boiling experiments are performed to investigate the effects of inclination angle, θ, and average roughness, Ra, of uniformly heated 10 × 10 mm copper surfaces on saturation boiling of HFE-7000 dielectric liquid. Ra varied from 0.039 to 0.1.44 μm and θ from 0° (upward facing) to 180° (downward facing). In addition, high speed images and still photographs of nucleate boiling in the various regions and near CHF are captured to assist the interpretation of experimental results. The values of CHF and the maximum nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient, hMNB, which occurs near the fully developed nucleate boiling region, increase with increasing Ra and/or decreasing θ. The corresponding surface superheats, however, decrease with increasing θ and/or Ra. In the upward facing orientation, CHF increases from ∼20.7 to ∼30.9 W/cm2 with increasing Ra from 0.039 to 0.144 μm, and the corresponding CHF values in the downward facing orientation are 7.1 and 8.9 W/cm2, respectively. Nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient, hNB, in the discrete bubbles region at low surface superheats increases, while in the fully developed nucleate boiling region at high superheats it increases with increasing Ra and/or decreasing θ. The developed correlations for CHF and hMNB and corresponding superheats, as functions of Ra and θ, are in good agreement with the experimental data.