bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of personal weather stations to the observation of deep-convection features near the ground
Authors: Mandement Marc , Caumont Olivier 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The lack of observations near the surface is often cited as a limiting factor in the observation and prediction of deep convection. Recently, networks of personal weather stations (PWSs) measuring pressure, temperature and humidity in near-real time have been rapidly developing. Even if they suffer from quality issues, their high temporal resolution and their higher spatial density than standard weather station (SWS) networks have aroused interest in using them to observe deep convection. In this study, the PWS contribution to the observation of deep-convection features near the ground is evaluated. Four cases of deep convection in 2018 over France were considered using data from Netatmo, a PWS manufacturer. A fully automatic PWS processing algorithm, including PWS quality control, was developed. After processing, the mean number of observations available increased by a factor of 134 in mean sea level pressure (MSLP), of 11 in temperature and of 14 in relative humidity over the areas of study. Near-surface SWS analyses and analyses comprising standard and personal weather stations (SPWSs) were built. The usefulness of crowdsourced data was proven both objectively and subjectively for deep-convection observation. Objective validations of SWS and SPWS analyses by leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) were performed using SWSs as the validation dataset. Over the four cases, LOOCV root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) decreased for all parameters in SPWS analyses compared to SWS analyses. RMSEs decreased by 73 % to 77 % in MSLP, 12 % to 23 % in temperature and 17 % to 21 % in relative humidity. Subjectively, fine-scale structures showed up in SPWS analyses, while being partly, or not at all, visible in SWS observations only. MSLP jumps accompanying squall lines or individual cells were observed as well as wake lows at the rear of these lines. Temperature drops and humidity rises accompanying most of the storms were observed sooner and at a finer resolution in SPWS analyses than in SWS analyses. The virtual potential temperature was spatialized at an unprecedented spatial resolution. This provided the opportunity for observing cold-pool propagation and secondary convective initiation over areas with high virtual potential temperatures, i.e. favourable locations for near-surface parcel lifting.
Temporal evolution of temperatures in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden based on in situ observations (1958–2017)
Authors: Agulles Miguel , Jordà Gabriel , Jones Burt , Agustí Susana , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Red Sea holds one of the most diverse marine
ecosystems in the world, although fragile and vulnerable to ocean warming.
Several studies have analysed the spatio-temporal evolution of
temperature in the Red Sea using satellite data, thus focusing only on the
surface layer and covering the last ∼30 years. To better
understand the long-term variability and trends of temperature in the
whole water column, we produce a 3-D gridded temperature product (TEMPERSEA)
for the period 1958–2017, based on a large number of in situ observations,
covering the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. After a specific quality control,
a mapping algorithm based on optimal interpolation have been applied to
homogenize the data. Also, an estimate of the uncertainties of the product
has been generated. The calibration of the algorithm and the uncertainty
computation has been done through sensitivity experiments based on synthetic
data from a realistic numerical simulation. TEMPERSEA has been compared to satellite observations of sea surface
temperature for the period 1981–2017, showing good agreement especially in
those periods when a reasonable number of observations were available. Also,
very good agreement has been found between air temperatures and
reconstructed sea temperatures in the upper 100 m for the whole period
1958–2017, enhancing confidence in the quality of the product. The product has been used to characterize the spatio-temporal variability of
the temperature field in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at different timescales (seasonal, interannual and multidecadal). Clear differences have been
found between the two regions suggesting that the Red Sea variability is
mainly driven by air–sea interactions, while in the Gulf of Aden the
lateral advection of water plays a relevant role. Regarding long-term
evolution, our results show only positive trends above 40 m depth, with
maximum trends of 0.045 + 0.016 ∘C decade−1 at 15 m, and
the largest negative trends at 125 m (-0.072+0.011 ∘C decade−1). Multidecadal variations have a strong impact on the trend
computation and restricting them to the last 30–40 years of data can bias
high the trend estimates.
The World Made More Sufferable
Authors: Winkler Kyle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article argues that trust is an adjunct of rhetoric by looking at the Iliad and Sophocles's play, Philoctetes, among other thinkers and philosophers. It suggests that trust is both within language and the body, in word and deed, and that rhetoric is the free, yet forgotten resource of all people in straits, whether critical or banal. It offers three consequences of trust in rhetoric: the implication of a civil society; a rhetorical taxonomy of personalities; and the breaking of apathy.
Serious Sex: A Re-viewing of the Films Lila Says and My Summer of Love
Authors: Cardullo R. J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article is a re-viewing of the early twenty-first-century films Lila Says and My Summer of Love from the point of view of their treatment of sex and sexuality, in contrast with the depiction of those subjects in past movies. The author observes that sex can be used in motion pictures—of which Doueiri's and Pawlikowski's are examples—in a way that is not exploitative. However obvious this may seem, it is most often not the case, and for reasons that can easily be adduced. Lila Says and My Summer of Love thus remind us, the author argues, of the possibilities inherent in a film art shorn of the gratuitousness of violent or pornographic sex—an art, that is, that knows how to use sex to achieve what it wants, or how to deploy “serious” sex toward significant thematic ends.
In Situ Elemental and Sr Isotope Characteristics of Magmatic to Hydrothermal Minerals from the Black Mountain Porphyry Deposit, Baguio District, Philippines
Authors: Cao MingJian , Hollings Pete , Evans Noreen J. , Cooke David R. , McInnes Brent I.A. , Zhao KuiDong , Qin KeZhang , Li DengFeng , Sweet Gabe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAt the Black Mountain porphyry Cu-Au deposit in the Baguio district, Northern Luzon (Philippines), pre- and synmineralized rocks preserve magmatic and hydrothermal minerals (e.g., plagioclase, amphibole, titanite, and epidote) spanning the complete paragenesis of the deposit. Strontium isotope values in early crystallized plagioclase phenocrysts from all felsic porphyries can be divided into two types. The type-I plagioclase crystals show relatively homogeneous Sr isotope values (0.7035–0.7038, 1σ &lt;0.0001), indicating crystallization from a relatively stable and long-lived felsic magma chamber. The type-II plagioclase grains have a wider range of Sr isotope compositions (0.7032–0.7039, 1σ &lt;0.0001), indicating mafic and/or felsic magma recharge. In magmatic titanite, Nb/Ta values are higher than those in the whole rock, while Zr/Hf and Y/Ho values are lower. In hydrothermal titanite and epidote, the ratios are similar to those in the whole rock. These patterns reflect crystallization effects imposed during the magmatic stage but an absence of differentiation during the hydrothermal stage. The consistent gradual decrease in total rare earth element, Y, Zr, and U contents in both hydrothermal titanite and epidote from early to late stages indicates the effect of hydrothermal fluid evolution with decreasing temperature. The variation of 87Sr/86Sr values in magmatic amphibole, plagioclase, and hydrothermal epidote in felsic and mafic rocks indicates the addition of mafic magma-derived fluid into the felsic magma-derived fluid. One extra source of fluid (probably derived from wall-rock limestone) was required to generate the highly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values of some epidote (0.7038–0.7053). Thus, in situ elemental and Sr isotope variation in minerals from different paragenetic stages can be used to interpret formation process and source for both magmas and hydrothermal fluids.
Nieuwe instituties voor het Antropoceen
Authors: Faber Albert , van Leeuwen Anne 
Published: January 2020

New insitutions for The Anthropocene
The Anthropocene offers a narrative to rethink the full range of present-day institutions. The urgency, complexity and scope of the ecological challenges that are upon us provide important challenges. Traditional institutions may be up to the task or be able to adapt to the new challenges, but likely new institutional perspectives will be required. The idea of ‘ecological reflexivity’ is helpful to critically explore some new and important institutional features for the Antropocene: recognition of the non-human world and its voices, reflection upon what works and upon what can be imagined, and response in terms of new practices and functions. We explore these features and offer some examples of new institutions.
De Wet donorgegevens kunstmatige bevruchting geëvalueerd: nog steeds veel dorre grond
Authors: Winter H.B. , Woestenburg N.O.M. , Dorscheidt J.H.H.M. , Frederiks B.J.M. 
Published: January 2020

De Wet donorgegevens kunstmatige bevruchting geëvalueerd: nog steeds veel dorre grond
In het voorjaar van 2019 verscheen het rapport van de tweede evaluatie van de Wet donorgegevens kunstmatige bevruchting. Bij de invoering van deze wet in 2004 was bij velen de gedachte dat het om een beperkte regeling ging die vooral regels stelde over de betrekkelijk overzichtelijke registratie en verstrekking van gegevens van donoren aan donorkinderen. Ruim vijftien jaar later is veel meer zicht ontstaan op het ingrijpende karakter van de materie die in de wet centraal staat en daarmee van de regeling zelf. In dit artikel worden de belangrijkste resultaten van de wetsevaluatie besproken en de reactie van de minister daarop.
Tweede evaluatie Wet donorgegevens kunstmatige bevruchting: stof tot nadenken
Authors: Garvelink S.E. , Ploem M.C. 
Published: January 2020

Tweede evaluatie Wet donorgegevens kunstmatige bevruchting: stof tot nadenken
In hun bijdrage reflecteren de auteurs op de aanbevelingen van het in april 2019 verschenen rapport inzake de tweede evaluatie van de Wet donorgegevens kunstmatige bevruchting (Wdkb), mede in het licht van het op 26 september 2019 verschenen standpunt van de minister van VWS op de wetsevaluatie. De meeste aanbevelingen lijken zinnig, maar er zijn ook enkele waarover de auteurs hun bedenkingen hebben. Dat geldt in het bijzonder voor de aanbevelingen die gericht zijn op nadere inperking van het recht van donoren van vóór 2004 om anoniem te blijven en van de vrijheid van ouders van donorkinderen om zelf te bepalen hoe en wanneer zij hun kind voorlichten.
De toekomstige Wet Draagmoederschap: van ledig naar volledig?
Authors: Buddenbaum M. , Vonk M.J. 
Published: January 2020

De toekomstige Wet Draagmoederschap: van ledig naar volledig?
Gebrek aan specifieke wet- en regelgeving rondom draagmoederschap heeft geleid tot veel juridische complexiteit en discussie. Nu worden mogelijk de hiaten in de wet opgelost met nieuwe wetsvoorstellen. Vooruitlopend op de nieuwe wet vergelijken we in dit artikel de huidige juridische draagmoederschapspraktijk en de wetsvoorstellen die de regering deze zomer naar aanleiding van de aanbevelingen van de Staatscommissie Herijking Ouderschap heeft geschreven. Daarnaast kijken we naar de aansluiting tussen het beoogde wetsvoorstel en de huidige richtlijnen en standpunten van de medische beroepsgroep en gaan we op zoek naar eventuele leemtes in de voorgestelde regeling.
Kroniek rechtspraak strafrecht
Authors: Mevis P.A.M. , Postma L. 
Published: January 2020

Kroniek rechtspraak strafrecht
In deze kroniek staan de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen van 31 augustus 2017 tot 1 november 2019 centraal. Ten eerste wordt aandacht besteed aan de gewijzigde strafbepalingen van de Wet BIG en het vervolg van de zaak tegen de Haagse borstendokter. Vervolgens wordt ingegaan op het medisch beroepsgeheim en vorderen van gegevens, fraude in de zorg, de strafrechtelijke vervolging van een zorginstelling, zedendelicten door hulpverleners en de strafbaarheid van afbreking van een zwangerschap door een huisarts. Voorts komen euthanasie en hulp bij zelfdoding aan bod. Ten slotte worden onder meer zaken besproken die betrekking hebben op dood door schuld, valsheid in geschrifte en het in hulpeloze toestand achterlaten van een hulpbehoevende.
Het beroepsgeheim van predikanten in België
Authors: Lorein Geert W. 
Published: January 2020

Professional secrecy of pastors in Belgium
Belgian Law mentions professional secrecy at different places. In recent years, professional secrecy has been nuanced or even eroded. It remains, however, an important item for certain professional groups, for some perhaps a privilege, for others a burden. Enough indications exist that ministers of the Protestant-Evangelical religion (pastors), even though they are not bound by priest-penitent privilege, are bound by professional secrecy. This makes it necessary to have a clear definition of ‘pastors’. Due to the relative ignorance about Protestantism in Belgium, this has taken some time. The article ends with the discussion of some practical aspects of the professional secrecy of pastors.
La vie commune de Lydie Salvayre : chronique des dominations ordinaires
Authors: Servoise Sylvie 
Published: January 2020

Il s’agit dans cet article de montrer, à travers l’exemple du roman La vie commune (1991), comment Lydie Salvayre offre une analyse particulièrement fine des rapports de domination ordinaire entre individus. Non seulement l’auteure explore dans ce texte l’extraordinaire imbrication des formes de domination et leurs articulations les unes aux autres, révélant ainsi la porosité des champs où elles trouvent à se déployer, mais elle le fait à partir du point de vue particulier des dominés qui évitent le conflit et ne cherchent pas, du moins frontalement, à secouer leur joug. Le lecteur de La vie commune se voit ainsi amené à questionner ce que La Boétie nommait le « monstrueux vice » qui consiste à se soumettre apparemment volontairement à autrui, quand bien même, et surtout, celui-ci nous maltraiterait. L’article interroge cependant le sens de cette notion de servitude volontaire, bien plus complexe qu’il n’y paraît : le roman de Salvayre ne met-il pas davantage en scène des individus qui, pour reprendre les termes de l’anthropologue Nicole-Claude Mathieu, « cèdent » à la violence plutôt qu’ils n’y « consentent » ? Plus profondément, il semble bien que la notion de « servitude volontaire » ne soit opératoire ici que si l’on veut bien la comprendre, comme nous y invite Claude Lefort, autrement que comme le simple acquiescement, passif, à la domination et y voir, au contraire, le « désir de servir », propre à un sujet actif, dynamique, qui contribue, par ses aspirations mêmes, à nourrir la domination.
Smartphone citizen science for turtles: identifying motives, usage patterns and reasons why citizens stop participating
Authors: Santori Claudia , Thompson Michael B. , Van Dyke James U. , Whittington Camilla M. , Spencer Ricky-John 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Citizen science has become popular for data collection in ecology and environmental management. However, most participants in citizen science projects are only involved for a short period of time. Understanding the reasons behind this dropout rate is important for improving long term participation. Here we investigated participation rates in TurtleSAT, an Australian turtle mapping app aimed at collecting data useful for conservation efforts. First, we looked at the TurtleSAT database to examine the number of participants and how many sightings each had uploaded. Then, we distributed an online questionnaire to all TurtleSAT participants and asked what inspired them to participate, if they found the app easy to use, and whether they were still active in the project. Out of 75 respondents, 21 said they were currently not active participants. Their reasons for not participating anymore included lack of time, technical issues, and a perception of high turtle abundance that indicated conservation efforts are unnecessary. The motives that originally inspired their participation were not significantly linked to them leaving the project. We propose possible solutions to some of the issues identified, such as offering online tutorials and a hotline to solve technical issues, a more direct link from the TurtleSAT app to news and academic articles regarding turtles, and establishing an online forum to maintain engagement.
Bone Tissue Engineering via Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials
Authors: Peng Zhili , Zhao Tianshu , Zhou Yiqun , Li Shanghao , Li Jiaojiao , Leblanc Roger M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBone tissue engineering (BTE) has received significant attention due to its enormous potential in treating critical‐sized bone defects and related diseases. Traditional materials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers have been widely applied as BTE scaffolds; however, their clinical applications have been rather limited due to various considerations. Recently, carbon‐based nanomaterials attract significant interests for their applications as BTE scaffolds due to their superior properties, including excellent mechanical strength, large surface area, tunable surface functionalities, high biocompatibility as well as abundant and inexpensive nature. In this article, recent studies and advancements on the use of carbon‐based nanomaterials with different dimensions such as graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots, for BTE are reviewed. Current challenges of carbon‐based nanomaterials for BTE and future trends in BTE scaffolds development are also highlighted and discussed.
Plasmonic Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles Enable Dark Contrast in Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Marin Riccardo , Lifante José , Besteiro Lucas V. , Wang Zhiming , Govorov Alexander O. , Rivero Fernando , Alfonso Fernando , Sanz‐Rodríguez Francisco , Jaque Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique affording noninvasive optical biopsies. Like for other imaging techniques, the use of dedicated contrast agents helps better discerning biological features of interest during the clinical practice. Although bright OCT contrast agents have been developed, no dark counterpart has been proposed yet. Herein, plasmonic copper sulfide nanoparticles as the first OCT dark contrast agents working in the second optical transparency window are reported. These nanoparticles virtually possess no light scattering capabilities at the OCT working wavelength (≈1300 nm); thus, they exclusively absorb the probing light, which in turn results in dark contrast. The small size of the nanoparticles and the absence of apparent cytotoxicity support the amenability of this system to biomedical applications. Importantly, in the pursuit of systems apt to yield OCT dark contrast, a library of copper sulfide nanoparticles featuring plasmonic resonances spanning the three optical transparency windows is prepared, thus highlighting the versatility and potential of these systems in light‐controlled biomedical applications.
Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons
Authors: Dolado Irene , Alfaro‐Mozaz Francisco Javier , Li Peining , Nikulina Elizaveta , Bylinkin Andrei , Liu Song , Edgar James H. , Casanova Felix , Hueso Luis E. , Alonso‐González Pablo , Vélez Saül , Nikitin Alexey Y. , Hillenbrand Rainer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) materials host a variety of polaritons, which make them an emerging material platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale. Due to the layered structure of vdW materials, the polaritons can exhibit a hyperbolic dispersion and propagate as nanoscale‐confined volume modes in thin flakes. On the other hand, surface‐confined modes can be found at the flake edges. Surprisingly, the guiding of these modes in ribbons—representing typical linear waveguide structures—is widely unexplored. Here, a detailed study of hyperbolic phonon polaritons propagating in hexagonal boron nitride ribbons is reported. Employing infrared nanoimaging, a variety of modes are observed. Particularly, the fundamental volume waveguide mode that exhibits a cutoff width is identified, which, interestingly, can be lowered by reducing the waveguide thickness. Further, hybridization of the surface modes and their evolution with varying frequency and waveguide width are observed. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that the symmetrically hybridized surface mode does not exhibit a cutoff width, and thus enables linear waveguiding of the polaritons in arbitrarily narrow ribbons. The experimental data, supported by simulations, establish a solid basis for the understanding of hyperbolic polaritons in linear waveguides, which is of critical importance for their application in future photonic devices.
Demonstration of a Broadband Photodetector Based on a Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Arora Himani , Dong Renhao , Venanzi Tommaso , Zscharschuch Jens , Schneider Harald , Helm Manfred , Feng Xinliang , Cánovas Enrique , Erbe Artur 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as an appealing class of highly tailorable electrically conducting materials with potential applications in optoelectronics. Yet, the realization of their proof‐of‐concept devices remains a daunting challenge, attributed to their poor electrical properties. Following recent work on a semiconducting Fe3(THT)2(NH4)3 (THT: 2,3,6,7,10,11‐triphenylenehexathiol) 2D MOF with record‐high mobility and band‐like charge transport, here, an Fe3(THT)2(NH4)3 MOF‐based photodetector operating in photoconductive mode capable of detecting a broad wavelength range from UV to NIR (400–1575 nm) is demonstrated. The narrow IR bandgap of the active layer (≈0.45 eV) constrains the performance of the photodetector at room temperature by band‐to‐band thermal excitation of charge carriers. At 77 K, the device performance is significantly improved; two orders of magnitude higher voltage responsivity, lower noise equivalent power, and higher specific detectivity of 7 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W−1 are achieved under 785 nm excitation. These figures of merit are retained over the analyzed spectral region (400–1575 nm) and are commensurate to those obtained with the first demonstrations of graphene‐ and black‐phosphorus‐based photodetectors. This work demonstrates the feasibility of integrating conjugated MOFs as an active element into broadband photodetectors, thus bridging the gap between materials' synthesis and technological applications.