bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care in the time of coronavirus: Ethical considerations in head and neck oncology
Authors: Gordin Eli A. , Day Andrew , Stankova Lenka , Heitman Elizabeth , Sadler John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs COVID‐19 continues to challenge the practice of head and neck oncology, clinicians are forced to make new decisions in the setting of the pandemic that impact the safety of their patients, their institutions, and themselves. The difficulty inherent in these decisions is compounded by potentially serious ramifications to the welfare of patients and health‐care staff, amid a scarcity of data on which to base informed choices. This paper explores the risks of COVID‐19 incurred while striving to uphold the standard of care in head and neck oncology. The ethical problems are assessed from the perspective of the patient with cancer, health‐care provider, and other patients within the health‐care system. While no single management algorithm for head and neck cancer can be universally implemented, a detailed examination of these issues is necessary to formulate ethically sound treatment strategies.
Modified percutaneous tracheostomy in COVID‐19 critically ill patients
Authors: Vargas Maria , Russo Gennaro , Iacovazzo Carmine , Servillo Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous tracheostomy (PT) in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) included several critical steps associated with increased risk of aerosol generation. We reported a modified PT technique aiming to minimize the risk of aerosol generation and to increase the staff safety in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsPT was performed with a modified technique including the use of a smaller endotracheal tube (ETT) cuffed at the carina during the procedure.ResultsThe modified technique we proposed was successfully performed in three critically ill patients with COVID‐19.ConclusionsIn COVID‐19 critically ill patients, a modified PT technique, including the use of a smaller ETT cuffed at the carina and fiber‐optic bronchoscope inserted between the tube and the inner surface of the trachea, may ensure a better airway management, respiratory function, patient comfort, and great safety for the staff.
Ambulatory care practice in the COVID‐19 era: Redesigning clinical services and experiential learning
Authors: Mohammad Insaf , Berlie Helen D. , Lipari Melissa , Martirosov Amber Lanae , Duong Andrea A. , Faraj Maggie , Bacon Opal , Garwood Candice L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has created a variety of challenges for health care professionals, including ambulatory care clinical pharmacists. High‐quality remote and minimal‐contact care has become a necessity. Ambulatory care clinical pharmacists around the nation have adjusted their practice. In many cases, this included implementation of telehealth programs for comprehensive medication management. The redesign of ambulatory care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPE) also required quick adaptation. In this paper, we describe the clinical practice and experiential education challenges encountered by an ambulatory care clinical pharmacist workgroup in a COVID‐19 “hotspot,” with an emphasis on solutions and guidance. We discuss how to adapt ambulatory care clinical pharmacy practices including methods of minimal‐contact care, reimbursement opportunities, tracking outcomes, and restructuring ambulatory care APPE. As ambulatory care clinical pharmacists continue to expand the services they provide in response to COVID‐19, we also describe opportunities to promote pharmacists as providers during times of pandemic and into the future.
The early effects of uninephrectomy on rat kidney metabolic state using optical imaging
Authors: Mehrvar Shima , Foomani Farnaz H. , Shimada Satoshi , Yang Chun , Zheleznova Nadezhda N. , Mostaghimi Soudeh , Cowley Allen W. , Ranji Mahsa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUninephrectomy (UNX) is known to result in structural and metabolic changes to the remaining kidney, although it is uncertain if this alters the mitochondrial redox state and how soon such changes may occur. A custom‐designed fluorescence cryo‐imaging technique was used to quantitatively assess the effect of UNX by measuring the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the remaining kidney. Kidneys were snap‐frozen 3 days following UNX, and the intrinsic fluorescence of NADH and FAD were optically acquired. The 3D images were created to characterize the NADH/FAD redox ratios (RR) of the right kidneys, which underwent UNX and the remaining kidneys 3 days following UNX. Both the NADPH‐oxidases (Nox2 and Nox4) and the mitochondria are the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in tubular epithelial cells. Responses to the UNX were obtained in kidneys of normal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, Dahl salt‐sensitive (SS) rats and SS rats in which NADPH‐oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4) was knocked out (SSNox4−/−). The results found that each of the strains exhibited similar increase in kidney weights averaging 17% after 3 days of UNX. SD and SSNox4−/−rats both exhibited global reductions of the RR (P < .05) with a similar tendency observed in SS rats (P < .08), indicating increased ROS production. The unexpected reduction of the RR in the remnant kidneys of SSNox4−/− rats indicates that mechanisms independent of H2O2 produced from Nox4 may be responsible for this global increase of ROS. We propose that the reduced RR was largely a consequence of enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics due to increased tubular workload of the remaining kidney. The data indicate that mitochondria become the dominant source of increased ROS following UNX and could represent an important hypertrophic signaling mechanism.
Proposal of a Safe and Effective Study Design for CYP3A‐Mediated Drug‐Drug Interactions
Authors: Rohr Brit Silja , Mikus Gerd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNumerous drug‐drug interaction (DDI) trials have to be conducted in healthy volunteers based on current regulatory guidelines. Because the worst‐case scenario of strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors has to be tested, the results and their validity have to be balanced with the risk to volunteer safety. The use of ketoconazole in clinical DDI studies has been discouraged by regulatory agencies due to an alleged risk of liver injury. In order to reduce the risk to healthy volunteers, we carried out a study with single‐day exposure to each of 6 perpetrator azole fungistatic drugs. They were evaluated regarding their CYP3A inhibition using microdosed midazolam and a limited sampling strategy. Ratios of areas under the concentration‐time curves ranged from 1.93 with isavuconazole to 8.42 with ketoconazole. The highest number of adverse events occurred with voriconazole, followed by ketoconazole; 2 dropouts occurred due to adverse events following itraconazole administration. Literature data on adverse events of azole fungistatic drugs in DDI trials are rare and inconclusive. Only in recent years with the newer drugs are they more precise and reliable. It can be concluded that the duration of preexposure of perpetrator drugs can be reduced to 1 hour before administration of the victim drug. This still can be sufficient to achieve the scientific objectives of the trial with the lowest possible risk.
Proof of a conjecture on the nullity of a graph
Authors: Wang Long , Geng Xianya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLet be a finite undirected graph without loops and multiple edges. The nullity of , written as , is defined to be the multiplicity of 0 as an eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. The left problem of establishing an upper bound for an arbitrary graph in terms of order and maximum degree was recently solved by Zhou et al. Zhou et al proved that for an arbitrary graph without isolated vertices and with order , with maximum degree , the equality holds if and only if is the disjoint union of some copies of , and they posed a conjecture: If is assumed to be connected, the upper bound of can be improved to , and the upper bound is attained if and only if is a cycle with divisible by 4 or a complete bipartite graph with equal size of chromatic sets. The goal of the present paper is to give a proof confirming the conjecture.
Immune reconstitution following umbilical cord blood transplantation: IRES, a study of UK paediatric patients
Authors: Girdlestone John , Raymond Meera , Shaw Bronwen , Tulpule Sameer , Devlia Vikesh R. , Danby Robert , Ahyee Trudy , Saudemont Aurore , Hough Rachael , Veys Paul , Ruggeri Annalisa , Vora Ajay , Marks David I. , Gibson Brenda , Wynn Robert , Madrigal Alejandro , Navarrete Cristina V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo obtain a qualitative as well as quantitative view immune reconstitution following umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation of paediatric patients, we utilised a broad panel of flow cytometry markers to monitor the phenotypes of lymphoid and myeloid cells at 1‐12 months post‐transplant. Samples were received from 46 patients with a median age of 3.3 years and survival was 76% at 1 year. Monocytes were at similar or higher median levels than in adult controls at all times tested, with a high CD16+ proportion in the first 3 months. NK cells were also within adult ranges, with a CD56++ high proportion in the first 6 months. B cell recovery was seen from 2 months in most patients and T cells from 3 months, both were delayed with anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) treatment. CD4:CD8 ratios were high in the first 6 months, and the proportion of T cells with recent thymic emigrant and naïve phenotypes rose from 3 months. NK and plasmacytoid dendritic cell numbers remained at reduced levels in patients not surviving to 1 year. Our results can serve as a useful reference for detailed monitoring of immune reconstitution in paediatric recipients of UCB.
Comparison of two self‐sampling methods for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing among women with high prevalence rates
Authors: Kuriakose Santhosh , Sabeena Sasidharanpillai , Damodaran Binesh , Ravishankar N. , Ramachandran Amrutha , Ameen Nurul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne major advantage of molecular assays for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection is that these assays can be performed on self‐collected samples unlike cytology or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). This cross‐sectional study was carried out between March 2017 and April 2019 to compare the diagnostic performance in self‐collected urine and vaginal samples for HPV DNA detection. Viral DNA was extracted from processed samples using a Qiagen viral DNA extraction Kit (QIAamp DNA Mini Kit). To detect four common high‐risk HPV types (16, 18, 31, 45), multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the LCR/E6/E7 region of the HPV genome was performed in ABI 7500 cycler (Applied Biosystems). The negative samples were screened by conventional PCR targeting the L1 capsid region to exclude other HPV types. The overall agreement between the two self‐collecting sampling methods was 64.04% with a κ value of 0.29 pointing towards a fair agreement (P < .01). The sensitivity of HPV DNA detection in urine samples was 57.95% (47.52%, 67.72), and specificity was 84.6% (66.47%, 93.85%) when compared with vaginal samples. The study concludes that self‐collected vaginal HPV DNA testing is more sensitive than unpreserved‐urine samples for HPV DNA detection in a hospital‐based setting.
The urban moisture island phenomenon and its mechanisms in a high‐rise high‐density city
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Song Jiyun , Chan Pak W. , Li Yuguo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrevious studies tend to report the effect of rapid urbanization on temperature, but not on humidity. In this study, we aimed to address this research gap by examining diurnal profiles of temperature and humidity in Hong Kong. Our analysis revealed a more significant rising trend in humidity. In addition, our analysis of equivalent temperature revealed that latent temperature (i.e., moisture) contributes more to the aggravation of urban heat stress than does sensible temperature. The average urban air moisture concentration exceeds that in rural areas for both day and night, confirming the existence of an urban moisture island. A new lumped moisture model is developed to predict the hourly urban air humidity using weather data from the operational suburban weather stations, to better understand and quantify the urban moisture environment. The resulting coupled thermal‐moisture model can capture the main characteristics of diurnal profiles of urban air temperature and humidity in Hong Kong. The modelling results demonstrate that weakened city ventilation tends to lead to an increase in urban air moisture. Furthermore, natural surfaces (vegetation and bare soil) reduce urban heat stress by evapotranspiration. It is noteworthy that although the increase in fractions of natural surfaces can lead to more potential moisture sources, the absolute humidity will start to decrease when the fraction of natural surfaces reaches a threshold. This decreasing moisture trend may be attributable to reduced evaporation owing to the decreased surface temperature, reduced anthropogenic moisture and increased ventilation. Besides, the large wall areas in the compact high‐rise areas of Hong Kong function as both sinks and storage sites, contributing to a noticeable diurnal trend in the urban air humidity profile. In brief, the significant urban moisture island phenomenon in Hong Kong may result from enhanced evapotranspiration, restrained moisture sinks, intensive human activities and a weakened wind environment.
Thrombospondin‐2 spatiotemporal expression in skeletal fractures
Authors: Zondervan Robert L. , Jenkins Daniel C. , Reicha John D. , Hankenson Kurt D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFracture healing is a complex process that relies heavily on the carefully orchestrated expansion and differentiation of periosteal mesenchymal progenitor cells (MSC). Identification of new markers for periosteal MSCs is essential for the development of fracture therapeutics. Expression of the matricellular protein thrombospondin‐2 (TSP2) increases during early fracture healing; however, it is currently unknown what cell population expresses TSP2. Using a TSP2 GFP reporter mouse and a stabilized murine fracture model, we characterized the expression of TSP2 during the inflammatory, soft callus formation, and hard callus formation phases of fracture healing. In addition, using TSP2 GFP positive cells harvested from reporter mouse cells, we characterized the cell population using flow cytometry and colony formation assays. In uninjured diaphyseal bone, we observed TSP2 expression in the cells located along the inner periosteum. We also observed a population of TSP2 expressing cells in undifferentiated regions of early fracture callus and along the periphery of the callus. Later in callus development, TSP2 cells were broadly distributed in the undifferentiated callus, but GFP was not expressed by chondrocytes. Flow cytometry confirmed that the majority of TSP2 expressing cells were positive for traditional murine MSC markers. Our in vitro assays further supported these findings by demonstrating all adherent and colony‐forming cells expressed TSP2. Taken together, our results suggest that TSP2 is expressed by undifferentiated MSCs, but downregulated in chondrocytes. Clinical significance: expression of the matricellular protein TSP2 is a promising new marker to identify MSCs in early fracture healing.
[6]‐Gingerol Ameliorates ISO‐Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis through Inhibition of TLR4/MAPKs/NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Han Xue , Liu Panpan , Liu Miaomiao , Wei Ziheng , Fan Sen , Wang Xiangting , Sun Shijiang , Chu Li 
Published: May 2020

Scope[6]‐Gingerol is one of the primary pungent constituents of ginger. While [6]‐gingerol has many pharmacological effects, its benefits for myocardial fibrosis, including its exact role and underlying mechanisms, remain largely unexplored. The present study is designed to characterize the cardio‐protective effects of [6]‐gingerol in myocardial fibrosis mice and possible underlying mechanisms.Methods and resultsMice are subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol (ISO, 10 mg kg−1) and gavaged with [6]‐gingerol (10, 20 mg kg−1day−1) for 14 days. Pathological alterations, fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation response, and apoptosis are examined. In ISO‐induced myocardial fibrosis, [6]‐gingerol treatment decreases the J‐point, heart rate, cardiac weight index, left ventricle weight index, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase serum levels, calcium concentration, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and increases levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and GSH/GSSG. Further, [6]‐gingerol improved ISO‐induced morphological pathologies, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis, and suppressed the toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4)/mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathways.ConclusionThe protective effect of [6]‐gingerol in mice with ISO‐induced myocardial fibrosis may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, potentially through the TLR4/MAPKs/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
A design of 60‐GHz bandwidth‐enhanced comb‐line array
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Kim Kangwook 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA diamond‐shape stub is proposed to enhance the bandwidth of a resonant type comb‐line array at 60 GHz. For linear polarization, a vertical slit is adopted and its optimal length is determined. Design graphs for the input impedance, quality factor (Q), and the resonant length of a single cell are presented. A simple demonstration is given that the Q of the array could be reduced by designing a stub having a lower Q. A resonant type comb‐line array is designed based on the design graphs. The performance of the proposed array is measured and compared to the conventional and published comb‐line arrays. The proposed array demonstrates a broader bandwidth, while the gain pattern is the same as that of the conventional comb‐line array.
UHF RFID elastic textile yarn
Authors: Benouakta Sofia , Hutu Florin , Sette Daniele , Duroc Yvan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the last decade, the wearable electronics has greatly improved and the wearables market is expected to increase exponentially in the next years. Ultra high frequencies (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) textile yarns represent one of the most relevant solutions for adding smart functionality into clothes and more generally for any object integrating a textile tag. Among the existing textile yarn solutions, the E‐Thread technology consists on electronics embedded into textile yarn using a micro‐encapsulation method. This technology is the starting point of the work presented in this article. One of the hardest constraints that the RFID yarn should overcome is the robustness against stretching. Thus, the antenna has to be tolerant to the deformation of the associated textile yarn. Unlike the half‐wave dipole antenna used in the current E‐Thread yarn, the proposed solution is based on helical dipole antenna topology because its geometry naturally makes feasible an axial stretching. This study details the manufacturing process as well as the design methodology of the antenna taking into account the RFID context as well as the constraints imposed by the manufacturing process. The impact of the antenna's physical parameters is highlighted in order to provide design guidelines. The helical dipole antenna enables until 16% of axial elongation while the dipole antenna would tear apart.
Identification of complex structures of paintings on canvas by NMR: Correlation between NMR profile and stratigraphy
Authors: Brizi Leonardo , Bortolotti Villiam , Marmotti Giulia , Camaiti Mara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPaintings on canvas are complex structures created by superimposing layers of different composition. Investigations on the structure of these artworks can provide essential information on their state of conservation, pictorial technique, possible overpaintings, and in planning a proper conservation plan. Standard methods of investigation consist in sampling a limited number of fragments for stratigraphic analyses. Despite the recognized validity of these methods, they are affected by evident limitations. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling, often named NMR stratigraphy, is an NMR relaxometry technique applied by single‐sided portable devices developed to overcome the disadvantages of microinvasive stratigraphic analyses. The potential of this approach on artworks, including wall paintings and a few examples of painted canvas, is described in the literature.In this study, NMR profiles of painting on canvas were examined by analyzing transverse relaxation time data by T2 quasi‐continuous distributions and the results compared with standard stratigraphic cross‐sections analysis. Combining signal intensity and T2 quasi‐continuous distributions, the identification of textile, preparatory, and paint layers was enhanced. The diction “NMR stratigraphy” for these inhomogeneous layered artworks is also discussed. Indeed, unlike the stratigraphic cross‐sections, NMR profiles provide information on a volume (flat slice), rather than on a surface, and the collected signal can derive from nonuniform and partially overlapping layers. This study paves the way for extensive investigations on relaxation time quasi‐continuous distributions in various binder/pigment mixtures in order to improve the reliability of NMR profile as an innovative, non–invasive, and nondestructive method for analyzing paintings on canvas.
Plane elasticity problems by barycentric rational interpolation collocation method and a regular domain method
Authors: Zhuang Meiling , Miao Changqing , Ji Siyuan 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBarycentric rational interpolation collocation method (BRICM) for solving plane elasticity problems with high accuracy is presented. The plane elasticity problems on a circular or rectangular domain can be solved directly by BRICM. Embedded the irregular domain into a regular (circular or rectangular) domain, the governing equations of plane elasticity on regular domain are discretized by the differentiation matrices based on barycentric rational interpolation to form a system of algebraic equations. Discrete boundary conditions are obtained using barycentric rational interpolation. The irregular boundary conditions are imposed by the additional method to form an over‐constraint linear system of algebraic equations. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the efficiency and high computing precision of proposed method.
Intermittent Fasting Does Not Uniformly Impact Genes Involved in Circadian Regulation in Women with Obesity
Authors: Zhao Lijun , Hutchison Amy T. , Wittert Gary A. , Thompson Campbell H. , Lange Kylie , Liu Bo , Heilbronn Leonie K. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on mRNA levels of peripheral clock genes in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in women with obesity.MethodsWomen were randomized to one of two IF protocols and provided with all foods at 100% or 70% of calculated weekly energy requirements for 8 weeks. Breakfast was consumed before a 24‐hour fast, which was initiated on three nonconsecutive days per week. Muscle and SAT biopsies were performed at 8 am after an overnight fast at baseline and at week 8 on a refed day and again following a 24‐hour fast at week 8 for analysis of the mRNA levels of key genes involved in circadian regulation.ResultsA group‐by‐time interaction was observed in Per2 in muscle (F = 3.497, P = 0.044) and SAT (F = 6.686, P = 0.008), but significance was lost upon post hoc adjustment. A time effect was observed in Rorα in muscle, which was decreased by refeeding in both groups (F = 7.225, P = 0.003).ConclusionsThere was no universal effect of IF to alter peripheral clocks, which may be partly because of the alignment of the fasting/feeding cycle with the biological clock. Optimizing intermittent fasting protocols could be important to prevent circadian misalignment in humans.