bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pesticide residue levels in vegetables and surface waters at the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia
Authors: Loha Kumelachew Mulu , Lamoree Marja , de Boer Jacob 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeven pesticides, profenofos, metalaxyl, λ-cyhalothrin, 4,4′-DDT, 4,4′-DDE, and α- and β-endosulfan, were determined in vegetables (tomato, onion) from 20 locations and surface waters from 12 locations in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) and solid phase extraction (SPE) methods were used for the vegetables and water, respectively. In 2.5% of the tomato samples, profenofos was detected above European maximum residue limits (MRLs), in 12.5% of the samples metalaxyl, and in 2.5% α- and β-endosulfan. In 5% of the onion samples, profenofos was detected above European MRLs, in 7.5% of the onion samples metalaxyl, and in 5% λ-cyhalothrin. In surface water, profenofos was detected at the highest concentration of 2300 μg/L in the Bulbula River, 890 μg/L near the agricultural land north of Lake Ziway (ANLZ-1), 1700 μg/L in the floriculture effluent (FE-1), and 900 μg/L in tap water at the Batu Drinking Water (BDW) supply. These results show that the levels of pesticides are in several cases substantially elevated, and emphasize the need of regular pesticide monitoring programs for surface waters and vegetables in the Ethiopian CRV.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analyses of Wild Relatives and Cultivated Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) from Senegal Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Sarr Awa , Bodian Amy , Gbedevi Kodjo Mawuena , Ndir Khadidiatou Ndoye , Ajewole Oyatomi Olaniyi , Gueye Badara , Foncéka Daniel , Diop Elisabeth A.M.C. , Diop Baye Magatte , Cissé Ndiaga , Diouf Diaga 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.)) is an important crop for food security in Senegal; therefore, understanding the genetic diversity of local germplasm is relevant for crop improvement and genetic maintenance in the era of climate change. For this purpose, 15 microsatellite markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity of Senegalese cowpea germplasm, including 671 accessions grown in eight regions and 66 wild relatives and intermediate forms (weedy). For the cultivated, the main expected heterozygosity (mHe) ranged between 0.317 (Fatick) and 0.439 (South). A narrow genetic variation between accessions from the different regions was observed with genetic similarity ranging from 0.861 to 0.965 and genetic differentiation indices (Fst) between 0.018 and 0.100. The accessions from southern Senegal (Kédougou, Sédhiou, and Kolda regions) are more diverse than the others. However, the accessions from the North (Saint-Louis) are genetically different from other regions. The diversity analysis in wild relatives from Senegal, which had never been performed before, revealed that the wild/weedy forms remain more diverse than the cultivated with genetic diversity values (He) of 0.389 and 0.480, respectively. STRUCTURE software divided the Senegalese germplasm into five subpopulations. Three of them (i, ii, and iii) included only cultivated accessions from several regions, one (v) mainly from Saint-Louis, and one (iv) the wild/weedy with some cultivated accessions. Our results support the hypothesis thatVigna unguiculatavar.spontaneais the wild progenitor of cowpea. The accessions from the South, the northern recession accessions, and the wild/weedy could serve as sources of new genes for the genetic improvement of cowpea in Senegal.
Assessment of academic stress and its coping mechanisms among medical undergraduate students in a large Midwestern university
Authors: Joseph Nitin , Nallapati Aneesha , Machado Mitchelle Xavier , Nair Varsha , Matele Shreya , Muthusamy Navya , Sinha Aditi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcademic stress is the most common mental state that medical students experience during their training period. To assess academic stress, to find out its determinants, to assess other sources of stress and to explore the various coping styles against academic stress adopted by students. Methods: It was a cross sectional study done among medical students from first to fourth year. Standard self-administered questionnaires were used to assess academic stress and coping behaviour. Mean age of the 400 participants was 20.3 ± 1.5 years. 166(41.5%) of them were males. The academic stress was found to be of mild, moderate and severe level among 68(17%), 309(77.3%) and 23(5.7%) participants respectively. Overall coping with stress was found to be poor, average and good among 15(3.8%), 380(95%) and 5(1.2%) participants respectively. Passive emotional (p = 0.054) and passive problem (p = 0.001) coping behaviours were significantly better among males. Active problem coping behaviour (p = 0.007) was significantly better among females. Active emotional coping behaviour did not vary significantly between genders (p = 0.54). Majority of the students preferred sharing their personal problems with parents 211(52.7%) followed by friends 202(50.5%). Binary logistic regression analysis found worrying about future (p = 0.023) and poor self-esteem (p = 0.026) to be independently associated with academic stress. Academic stress although a common finding among students, the coping style to deal with it, was good only in a few. The coping behaviours were not satisfactory particularly among male participants. This along with other determinants of academic stress identified in this study need to be addressed during counselling sessions.
Vom Wissen zum Handeln: Vermittelt die Kompetenz zur Unterrichtsreflexion zwischen mathematischem Professionswissen und der Kompetenz zum Handeln im Mathematikunterricht? Eine Mediationsanalyse
Authors: Jeschke Colin , Lindmeier Anke , Heinze Aiso 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungTrotz zunehmender Praxisanteile im Lehramtsstudium wird das an der Universität erworbene Wissen von angehenden Lehrkräften häufig als zu theoretisch und wenig hilfreich für die unterrichtliche Praxis empfunden. Insbesondere für das Handeln im Unterricht, bei dem fachspezifisches Wissen unter Zeitdruck angewendet werden muss, kann das erworbene Professionswissen oftmals nicht effektiv genutzt werden. In der Lehramtsausbildung gilt die Unterrichtsreflexion (d. h. Vorbereitung und Analyse sowie Nachbereitung von Unterricht) als zentrale Tätigkeit, bei der Lehrkräfte ihr (deklaratives) Professionswissen nutzen sollen, um das zukünftige unterrichtliche Handeln zu antizipieren und passende Handlungsoptionen zu generieren. Es wird hierbei angenommen, dass eine umfassende Befähigung zur Unterrichtsreflexion – hier definiert alsreflexive Kompetenz– einen positiven Effekt auf die Befähigung zur spontanen Wissensanwendung im Unterricht – hier definiert alsaktionsbezogene Kompetenz– hat. Quantitative empirische Studien zu dieser Hypothese gibt es jedoch kaum. Folglich wurden in der vorliegenden Studie Zusammenhänge zwischen deklarativem mathematischem Professionswissen (fachliches und fachdidaktisches Wissen), reflexiver Kompetenz und aktionsbezogener Kompetenz beiN = 251 angehenden und praktizierenden Mathematiklehrkräften untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen substanzielle positive Korrelationen zwischen dem mathematischen Professionswissen, der reflexiven und der aktionsbezogenen Kompetenz. Insbesondere korrelieren die reflexive und aktionsbezogene Kompetenz moderat bis hoch miteinander. Der direkte Effekt von mathematischem Professionswissen auf die aktionsbezogene Kompetenz wird partiell durch die reflexive Kompetenz mediiert. In der Teilstichprobe aus Lehramtsstudierenden (n = 116) ist diese Mediation vollständig. Mögliche Implikationen für die Professionsforschung und Lehramtsausbildung werden diskutiert.
Methods to Determine the Current Efficiency in AC Electrolysis
Authors: Kireev S. Yu. , Perelygin Yu. P. , Kireeva S. N. , Jaskula M. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe paper presents several methods (analytical, electromechanical and electronic) for determining the cathodic current efficiency of the metal deposition processes carried out by AC or pulse current. Based on the results of own experimental researches (for indium, cadmium, nickel, tin and zinc), the appropriate equations are given and the distribution of both faradaic and non-faradaic parts of charge (charging of the electrode double layer) is calculated.
Closing the Gaps in Disaster Management and Response: Drawing on Local Experiences with Cyclone Idai in Chimanimani, Zimbabwe
Authors: Chanza Nelson , Siyongwana Pakama Q. , Williams-Bruinders Leizel , Gundu-Jakarasi Veronica , Mudavanhu Chipo , Sithole Vusomuzi B. , Manyani Albert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCyclone Idai in Zimbabwe exposed deficiencies in the country’s disaster management system. This study uses a phenomenological case exploration of the experiences of local residents in Rusitu Valley following cyclone-induced floods that affected the area in March 2019. Through capturing narratives of participants who were recruited through chain referrals, the research intends to understand how local actors, utilizing their local-based response systems, managed to fill in the voids that characterize disaster management practice in Zimbabwe. Results show that the participation of local “heroes” and “Samaritans,” by deploying their social networks, norms, relationships, practices, and modest ingenuity, helped to speed up response times and minimize threats to lives and livelihoods. Documentation of the stories of local actors about their disaster experiences also gives a richer picture of the Cyclone Idai disaster. Although the community response system also facilitated the operation of external disaster management agencies, their premature withdrawal tended to weaken the trust and values existing in the area, and created tensions between the disaster-affected people and other villagers. Given the delays in formal responses by the government and other external relief agencies, the practices of local actors, although spontaneous and largely uncoordinated, offer rich insights into the design and development of disaster management regimes.
Towards a Modern-Day Teaching Machine: The Synthesis of Programmed Instruction and Online Education
Authors: Root William B. , Rehfeldt Ruth Anne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe 21st century has seen rapid enrollment in online courses and environmental and biological determinates, such as COVID-19, that challenge how universities respond to education. However, this “new way of doing things” has empirical support from the past. Skinner (1968) laid out a science of teaching derived from operant conditioning principles and provided methods for adopting programmed instruction into what he termed a “teaching machine.” This series of investigations evaluated the validity of programmed instruction in online courses, as measured by quiz performance, the frequency of discussion posts, instructor time commitment, generalization, and student perceptions of the online modalities used. Results are discussed for the synthesis of programmed instruction and group learning towards a modern teaching machine.
Barriers to help-seeking for memory problems in older adults
Authors: Pearman Ann 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeEarly detection of age- and disease-related cognitive problems affords patients the opportunities to receive medical treatment, engage in research, and plan for the future. Understanding help-seeking behavior has potential to aid both patients and clinicians. This study was designed to identify predictors of endorsed barriers to memory-related help-seeking as well as medical help-seeking endorsement.MethodsThis cross-sectional correlational study used a convenience sample of 97 older adults. The participants answered anonymous questionnaires about subjective memory, mood, and health and several items designed to investigate help-seeking for memory issues.ResultsPersons who endorsed multiple barriers to help-seeking were more likely to also endorse having hearing problems. In addition, participants who reported that they would not talk to a doctor or physician about memory concerns also had significantly worse subjective hearing.ConclusionHearing loss may be a particular risk for not seeking help for memory problems. Physicians and healthcare agencies can work to design outreach for persons who experience barriers, such as hearing loss and the concomitant outcomes.
Ungleiche Grundschulen und die meritokratische Fiktion im deutschen Schulsystem
Authors: Breidenstein Georg 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag vertritt die These, dass Ungleichheit im Primarbereich ein Tabu darstellt, und zwar deshalb, weil sie meritokratisch nicht legitimierbar ist. Die Fiktion der Chancengleichheit erscheint zugleich notwendig, um die Selektion im Übergang zur Sekundarstufe rechtfertigen zu können. Denn die Verteilung von Schülerinnen und Schülern auf unterschiedlich aussichtsreiche Bildungsgänge im Sekundarbereich kann nur durch schulisch festgestellte und individuellen Kindern zugeschriebene Unterschiede im „Leistungsvermögen“ gerechtfertigt werden. Angesichts neuerer Befunde zur sozialräumlichen Segregation, zur elterlichen Schulwahl und zur Forcierung des Wettbewerbs im Bereich der Grundschule kann von gleichen Bildungschancen im Primarbereich allerdings kaum die Rede sein. Diese Einsicht ist prekär, sowohl für das Selbstverständnis der Grundschule als Institution als auch für die Legitimationsbasis des gegliederten Schulsystems insgesamt in Deutschland.
Influence of metformin on HIF-1 pathway in multiple myeloma
Authors: Kocemba-Pilarczyk Kinga A. , Trojan Sonia , Ostrowska Barbara , Lasota Małgorzata , Dudzik Paulina , Kusior Dorota , Kot Marta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) is defined as plasma cells malignancy, developing in the bone marrow. At the beginning of the disease, the malignant plasma cells are dependent on bone marrow microenvironment, providing growth and survival factors. Importantly, the recent studies pointed hypoxia as an important factor promoting progression of MM. In particular, hypoxia-triggered HIF-1 signaling was shown to promote chemoresistance, angiogenesis, invasiveness and induction of immature phenotype, suggesting that strategies targeting HIF-1 may contribute to improvement of anti-myeloma therapies.

Methods
The Western Blot and RT-PCR techniques were applied to analyze the influence of metformin on HIF-1 pathway in MM cells. To evaluate the effect of metformin on the growth of MM cell lines in normoxic and hypoxic conditions the MTT assay was used. The apoptosis induction in metformin treated hypoxic and normoxic cells was verified by Annexin V/PI staining followed by FACS analysis.

Results
Our results showed, for the first time, that metformin inhibits HIF-1 signaling in MM cells. Moreover, we demonstrated the effect of metformin to be mainly oxygen dependent, since the HIF-1 pathway was not significantly affected by metformin in anoxic conditions as well as after application of hypoxic mimicking compound, CoCl2. Our data also revealed that metformin triggers the growth arrest without inducing apoptosis in either normoxic or hypoxic conditions.

Conclusions
Taken together, our study indicates metformin as a promising candidate for developing new treatment strategies exploiting HIF-1 signaling inhibition to enhance the overall anti-MM effect of currently used therapies, that may considerably benefit MM patients.
Analyzing the impact of CryoSat-2 ice thickness initialization on seasonal Arctic Sea Ice prediction
Authors: Allard Richard , Metzger E. Joseph , Barton Neil , Li Li , Kurtz Nathan , Phelps Michael , Franklin Deborah , Smedstad Ole Martin , Crout Julia , Posey Pamela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwin 5-month seasonal forecast experiments are performed to predict the September 2018 mean and minimum ice extent using the fully coupled Navy Earth System Prediction Capability (ESPC). In the control run, ensemble forecasts are initialized from the operational US Navy Global Ocean Forecasting System (GOFS) 3.1 but do not assimilate ice thickness data. Another set of forecasts are initialized from the same GOFS 3.1 fields but with sea ice thickness derived from CryoSat-2 (CS2). The Navy ESPC ensemble mean September 2018 minimum sea ice extent initialized with GOFS 3.1 ice thickness was over-predicted by 0.68 M km2 (5.27 M km2) vs the ensemble forecasts initialized with CS2 ice thickness that had an error of 0.40 M km2 (4.99 M km2), a 43% reduction in error. The September mean integrated ice edge error shows a 18% improvement for the Pan-Arctic with the CS2 data vs the control forecasts. Comparison against upward looking sonar ice thickness in the Beaufort Sea reveals a lower bias and RMSE with the CS2 forecasts at all three moorings. Ice concentration at these locations is also improved, but neither set of forecasts show ice free conditions as observed at moorings A and D.
Hospital Preparedness Measures for Biological Hazards: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Dowlati Mohsen , Seyedin Hesam , Moslehi Shandiz 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Biological hazards are one of the most important and common types of hazards in emergencies and disasters. Hospital preparedness measures for biological hazards are essential for a proper response and mitigation of its effects. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate hospital preparedness measures for biological hazards.Methods:For this research, electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from March 1950 to June 2019 were searched. Key words such as hospital, emergency department, preparedness, plan, management, and biological hazards were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. A thematic synthesis approach through the use of MAXQDA software was applied to analyze the data.Results:In total, 5257 articles were identified, in which 23 articles meet the inclusion criteria for entering the process of final analysis. The findings showed three main administrative, specialized, and logistical issues regarding preparedness measures for biological hazards in hospitals.Conclusion:Hospital preparedness for biological hazards is one of the most important hospital disaster plans. Results of this systematic review present valuable advice for policy-makers and hospital managers to prepare and enhance hospital performance against biological hazards.
Biosafety Measures at the Dental Office After the Appearance of COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cabrera-Tasayco Fiorella del Pilar , Rivera-Carhuavilca Juana Mercedes , Atoche-Socola Katherine Joselyn , Peña-Soto Claudio , Arriola-Guillén Luis Ernesto 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to determine biosecurity measures at the dental office after the appearance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A search was conducted in the main databases of the scientific literature using the words “COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-Cov2, biosecurity, disinfection and dentistry.” We analyzed biosecurity and disinfection standards at the dental office and dental health personnel to date, and their adaptation to the needs and way of working of each. As a result, according to the information collected the following procedure was identified: a telephone appointment must be made and a questionnaire should be given before dental care; at arrival to the appointment, the temperature of the patient should be taken and proper cleaning and disinfection of the waiting room should be maintained. Panoramic radiography and CBCT are the auxiliary methods of choice. Absolute isolation and atraumatic restorative therapy techniques are a good alternative to decrease fluid exposure. The removal of protective clothing and accessories must follow a specific order and washing hands before and after is essential. In conclusion, the efficient biosecurity for dentists and patients in all dental care processes before, during, and immediately after the appointment reduces the risk of COVID-19 infection and allows healthy dental care environments.
Trading Liberty: Assisted Repatriation in Liberal Democracies
Authors: Kalicki Konrad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurging flows of international migrants challenge the state's capacity to control borders. This problem is especially acute when it involves unwanted, yet often the most vulnerable, incomers. In liberal democracies, policymakers are caught in the dilemma of how to block their presence without contravening the state's fundamental liberal principles. Against the backdrop of these realities, this article traces the development of monetized means of inducing the voluntary repatriation of such migrants. In contrast to the conventional view that associates this political phenomenon with the neoliberal marketization of belonging, I contend that the growing practice of incentivizing migrants to leave is better conceptualized as a subset of immigration control policies rooted in the liberal ideals that imbue the institutional orders of liberal democracies. From the state's perspective, such post-arrival measures pay greater attention to the individual rights of migrants. This argument is advanced with special reference to the underexplored case of Japan.
Low-frequency rTMS inhibits the anti-depressive effect of ECT. A pilot study
Authors: Buchholtz Poul Erik , Ashkanian Mahmoud , Hjerrild Simon , Hauptmann Line Kirstine , Devantier Torben Albert , Jensen Paulina , Wissing Sanne , Thorgaard Mette Viller , Bjerager Laerke , Lund Julie , Alrø Anja Johnsen , Speed Maria Simonsen , Brund Rene Børge Korsgaard , Videbech Poul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the prefrontal cortex has been shown to have a statistically and clinically significant anti-depressant effect. The present pilot study was carried out to investigate if right prefrontal low-frequency rTMS as an add-on to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) accelerates the anti-depressant effect and reduces cognitive side effects.Methods:In this randomised, controlled, double-blind study, thirty-five patients with major depression were allocated to ECT+placebo or ECT+low-frequency right prefrontal rTMS. The severity of depression was evaluated during the course using the Hamilton scale for depression (the 17-item as well as the 6-item scale) and the major depression inventory (MDI). Furthermore, neuropsychological assessment of cognitive function was carried out.Results:The study revealed no significant difference between the two groups for any of the outcomes, but with a visible trend to lower scores for MDI after treatment in the placebo group. The negative impact of ECT on neurocognitive functions was short-lived, and scores on logical memory were significantly improved compared to baseline 4 weeks after last treatment. The ECT-rTMS group revealed generally less impairment of cognitive functions than the ECT-placebo group.Conclusion:The addition of low-frequency rTMS as an add-on to ECT treatment did not result in an accelerated response. On the contrary, the results suggest that low-frequency rTMS could inhibit the anti-depressant effect of ECT.