bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The non-traditional and familial risk factors for preeclampsia in the FINNPEC cohort
Authors: Jaatinen Noora Sofia , Jääskeläinen Tiina , Laivuori Hannele , Ekholm Eeva 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Considering the burden of preeclampsia (PE), it is important to understand better the underlying risk factors involved in its etiology. In this nationwide study, we studied the association of background factors with PE with an emphasis on socioeconomic factors, reproductive factors and health history enclosing the parents of pregnant women. Methods In the Finnish Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) cohort participants filled in a questionnaire on background information including data on socioeconomic factors, health history and reproductive factors. The questionnaire data was available from 708 women with PE and 724 control women. Two different control groups, healthy controls with uncomplicated pregnancies (n=498) and all controls (n=724, including controls with uncomplicated pregnancies and pregnancy complications other than PE), were established. Background information among PE women and the two different control groups were compared. Results PE women had similar socioeconomic status and more often non-communicable diseases including type I diabetes, chronic hypertension and hyperlipidemia than the two control groups (p<0.05 for all). Depression was more common among PE women (11.4%) than among all controls (7.6%) (p=0.019). Subfertility (estimated by time to pregnancy) was more common among PE women (p=0.013 for healthy controls, p=0.019 for all controls). PE women had earlier menarche (p=0.001 for healthy controls, p=0.022 for all controls). Hypertension was more common in both parents of PE women (p<0.001), stroke in fathers (PE women 6.2 %, healthy controls 3.2 % (p=0.020) and all controls 3.5 % (p=0.022)) and diabetes in mothers (PE women 7.5 %, healthy controls 3.1 % (p=0.001) and all controls 4.3 % (p=0.012)). Mental disorders including depression were more common in mothers of PE women compared to controls (PE women 7.2 %, healthy controls 3.7 % (p=0.013) and all controls 3.9 % (p=0.007)). Conclusions In this Finnish nationwide FINNPEC cohort, PE women had similar socioeconomic status, more non-communicable diseases and depression, earlier menarche, more subfertility and more parental non-communicable diseases compared to controls. As a novel finding we found more mental disorders including depression in mothers of PE women.
A scoping review of initiatives to reduce inappropriate or non-beneficial hospital admission and bed days in people nearing the end of their life: Much innovation but limited supporting evidence
Authors: Taylor Ros , Ellis Jonathan , Gao Wei , Searle Liz , Heaps Kate , Davies Robert , Hawksworth Claire , Garcia-Perez Angela , Colclough Giles , Walker Steven , Wee Bee 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives Hospitalisation during the last weeks of life when there is no medical need or desire to be there is distressing and expensive. This study sought palliative care initiatives which may avoid or shorten hospital stay at the end of life and analysed their success in terms reducing bed days.Methods Part 1 included a search of literature in PubMed and Google Scholar between 2013 and 2018, an examination of governmental and organisational publications plus discussions with experts. This initial sweep sought to identify and categorise relevant palliative care initiatives. In Part 2, we looked for publications providing data on hospital admissions and bed days for each category.Results A total of 1252 abstracts were reviewed, resulting in 10 broad classes being identified. Further screening revealed 50 relevant publications describing a range of multi-component initiatives. Studies were generally small and retrospective. Most researchers claim their service delivered benefits. In descending frequency, benefits identified were support in the community, integrated care, out-of-hours telephone advice, care home education and telemedicine. Nurses and hospices were central to many initiatives. Barriers and factors underpinning success were rarely addressed.Conclusions A wide range of initiatives have been introduced to improve end-of-life experiences. Formal evidence supporting their effectiveness in reducing inappropriate/non-beneficial hospital bed days was generally limited or absent.
Adaptive evolution of low salinity tolerance and hypoosmotic regulation in a euryhaline teleost, Takifugu obscurus
Authors: Zhang Hanyuan , Hou Jilun , Liu Haijin , Zhu Haoyong , Xu Gangchun , Xu Jian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The mechanism of osmoregulation is crucial for maintaining growth, development, and life activities in teleosts. Takifugu obscurus, the only euryhaline species in the genus Takifugu, is a proper model organism for studying the mechanism of low salt-tolerance and hypoosmotic regulation.Results In this study, whole genome sequencing data were obtained from 90 pufferfish representing five species within this genus, T. rubripes, T. obscurus, T. flavidus, T. niphobles, and T. bimaculatus. Using a phylogeny, PCA, and population structure analyses, we observed similar amounts of population genetic differentiation among species. The five species are closely related to each other and have differentiated within a relatively short period, while T. bimaculatus and T. flavidus shared the most similar genetic backgrounds. We further identified hundreds of genes under selection related to hypoosmotic regulation between T. obscurus and other Takifugu species, including 16 representative genes involving ion transporters ( atp1a3 , atp2a2 , atp2a3 , slc13a1 , slc5a8 , slc12a2 , slc12a4 , slc26a2 , scn1b , and kcna 2/3/10), genes involved in hormone regulation ( fyn , prlr , and grb2 ), and a gene associated with water absorption ( aqp3 ). Conclusions: Our findings provide preliminary insight into the mechanism of osmoregulation and will facilitate follow-up validation of candidate genes related to osmoregulation in T. obscurus .
Prognostic potential of pre-partum blood biochemical and immune variables for postpartum mastitis risk in dairy cows
Authors: Guan Ruowei , Wang Diming , Wang Beibei , Jiang Luyi , Liu Jianxin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Mastitis is one of the most frequent diseases for transition cows, causing significant economic losses. Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of mastitis is important for its prevention. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate alterations in blood inflammatory cells and serum variables that are related to health in postpartum cows. Results Seventy-six healthy Holstein dairy cows at week 4 before calving were selected. Blood samples were collected at weeks -4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3 and 4 relative to calving, respectively. Milk yield and composition were recorded weekly. According to the cutoff of somatic cell counts (SCC) for diagnosis of mastitis, 33 cows with SCC ≥ 500,000 ml -1 , 22 cows with 200,000 ≤ SCC < 500,000 ml -1 , and 23 cows with SCC < 200,000 ml -1 were defined as high, middle, and low SCC, respectively. Serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were higher ( P < 0.01) during all weeks, and non-esterified fatty acids were elevated from weeks -3 to 2 relative to calving in high SCC cows compared to low SCC cows. Higher serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase ( P < 0.01) and lower malondialdehyde levels ( P < 0.01) in low SCC than in high SCC cows indicate that the latter suffered from oxidative stress. In addition, high SCC cows exhibited higher blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, P < 0.01) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR, P < 0.01) than low SCC cows, with a higher NLR ( P < 0.01) in middle SCC than in low SCC cows. The high SCC cows had lower levels of anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10 ( P = 0.05), CD4 ( P < 0.01) and CD8 ( P < 0.01), but higher levels of proinflammatory factors such as IL-6 ( P < 0.01), TNF-α ( P < 0.05), and PSGL-1 ( P < 0.01) than low SCC cows, leading to the elevated NLR and PLR in high SCC cows. Conclusions The significantly different NLR and PLR pre-partum between the middle and low SCC cows suggest their prognostic potential for postpartum mastitis risk
Efficacy of premedication with intranasal dexmedetomidine for removal of inhaled foreign bodies in children by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bi Yanmei , Ma Yushan , Ni Juan , Wu Lan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The traditional technique for foreign body removal is rigid bronchoscopy. However, fiberoptic bronchoscopy is becoming more popular for foreign body removal. Compared with rigid bronchoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy is better suited for removing foreign bodies from the distal airways and upper lobe bronchi because of the smaller diameter and greater flexibility of the bronchoscope. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2 adrenergic agonist, reduces preoperative anxiety, reduces the requirement for general anesthetics, and does not induce respiratory depression. The safety and efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine have been confirmed in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Intranasal dexmedetomidine reportedly produce satisfactory sedation in children. We hypothesized that intranasal dexmedetomidine at 1 µg·kg−1 administered 25 minutes before anesthetic induction can reduce the incidence of adverse events during fiberoptic bronchoscopy under sevoflurane inhalation general anesthesia. Methods: Forty preschool-aged children (6–48 months) with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II were randomly allocated to receive either intranasal dexmedetomidine at 1 µg·kg−1 or normal saline at 0.01 ml·kg−1 25 minutes before anesthetic induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of perioperative adverse events. The heart rate, respiratory rate, separation score, tolerance of the anesthetic mask, agitation score, anesthetic induction time, consumption of sevoflurane, and recovery time were also recorded. Results: The incidence of laryngospasm, breath-holding, and coughing were significantly lower in patients who received intranasal dexmedetomidine than saline (15% vs. 50%, P=0.018; 10% vs. 40%, P=0.028; and 5% vs. 30%, P=0.037, respectively). Patients who received intranasal dexmedetomidine had a lower separation score (P=0.017), more satisfactory tolerance of the anesthetic mask (P=0.027), a significantly shorter anesthetic induction time (5.75±1.4 vs. 7.75±2.5 min, P=0.004), and less consumption of sevoflurane (38.18±14.95 vs. 48.03±14.45 ml, P=0.041). The recovery time was similar in both groups, and the frequency of postoperative agitation was significantly lower in patients who received intranasal dexmedetomidine (P=0.004). Conclusions: Intranasal dexmedetomidine at 1 µg·kg−1 can reduce the incidence of laryngospasm, breath-holding, and coughing during fiberoptic bronchoscopy for foreign body removal via its sedative and analgesic effects. Moreover, intranasal dexmedetomidine can reduce postoperative agitation without a prolonged recovery time.
Effectiveness of flipped classroom combined with team-, case-, lecture- and evidence-based learning on ophthalmology teaching for eight-year program students
Authors: Ding Chun , Li Shengguo , Chen Baihua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the benefits and challenges of the flipped classroom combined with team-, case-, lecture- and evidence-based learning (FC-TCLEBL) for ophthalmology teaching for eight-year program students. Methods FC-TCLEBL and the traditional lecture-based classroom (LBC) were compared based on student and teacher feedback questionnaires, student learning burden, and scores on standardized tests as well as their effects on the abilities of clinical thinking, scientific research, active-learning, practical application, humanistic care and communication with patients. Results Both the students and teachers were more satisfied with the FC-TCLEBL model. More students in the FC-TCLEBL group agreed that the course helped them to develop skills in creative thinking, problem solving, and teamwork. Students in the FC-TCLEBL group spent significantly more time preparing for class than those in the LBC group, but the time spent on review was significantly lower in the FC-TCLEBL group. The students from the FC-TCLEBL group performed better in a post-test on diabetic retinopathy (DR) as compared to the LBC group. Conclusions FC-TCLEBL teaching model is effective and suitable for ophthalmology teaching.
Larva of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is a suitable alternative host for the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis
Authors: Djainal Winarti Achmad Sarmin , Shahin Khalid , Adams Alexandra , Desbois Andrew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) is the etiological agent of francisellosis in cultured warm water fish, such as tilapia. Antibiotics are administered to treat the disease but a better understanding of Fno infection biology will inform improved treatment and prevention measures. However, studies with native hosts are costly and considerable benefits would derive from access to a practical alternative host. Here, larvae of Galleria mellonella were assessed for suitability to study Fno virulence. Results Larvae were killed by Fno in a dose-dependent manner but the insects could be rescued from lethal doses of bacteria by antibiotic therapy. Infection progression was assessed by histopathology (haematoxylin and eosin staining, Gram Twort and immunohistochemistry) and enumeration of bacteria recovered from the larval haemolymph on selective agar. Fno was phagocytosed and could survive intracellularly, which is consistent with observations in fish. Virulence of five Fno isolates showed strong agreement between G. mellonella and red Nile tilapia hosts. Conclusions This study shows that an alternative host, G. mellonella, can be applied to understand Fno infections, which will assist efforts to identify solutions to piscine francisellosis thus securing the livelihoods of tilapia farmers worldwide and ensuring the production of this important food source.
Effect of biosurfactant as a novel draw solution on photocatalytic treatment and desalination of produced water by different forward osmosis membranes
Authors: Taghizadeh Maryam , Kebria Daryoush Yousefi , Qaderi Farhad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Water stress and environmental concerns have driven research into the treatment of produced water. In this study, a combination of forward osmosis and photocatalyst system was used for simultaneous salt removal and treatment of produced water. Furthermore, biosurfactant as a novel draw solution and the three types of forward osmosis membranes (cellulose triacetate with and without titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles) were investigated. The morphology and distribution of the TiO2 and TiO2/GO on the membrane surface were assessed by various analyses including field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and contact angle analysis. The results demonstrated that the reverse salt flux was only 0.2 g/m2 h. Moreover, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) removal efficiency in the cellulose triacetate with TiO2 and TiO2/GO membrane under UVC radiation was 62% and 78%, respectively, while the data obtained in visible light reached 80%. The use of TiO2 and TiO2/GO membranes significantly improved the permeability, water flux, photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and desalination of produced water.
An experimental study on the effects of direct and indirect use of solar energy on solar seawater desalination
Authors: Bagheri Ali , Esfandiari Nadia , Honarvar Bizhan , Azdarpour Amin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The use of solar energy for increasing the amount of water heating inside the solar still unit provided an important basis for various process designs in this research. Concerning the wide use of solar energy, solar panels have been used for heating water through thermal elements. In the first setup, a cylindrical parabolic collector (CPC) was used together with 300-watt and 500-watt solar panels, the results of which were then compared with each other. Based on the results the system best performed when more powerful solar panels and a longer CPC device were used. In the second setup, solar heating was achieved by direct use of solar still units. According to comparative results between the two experimental setups, the use of direct thermal elements in the solar still unit provided better performance compared with the use of indirect thermal energy. The highest amounts of freshwater were 3.679 kg and 3.945 kg per day in the first and the second setups, respectively.
Konaklama İşletmelerinde Rekabet Gücü Açısından Stratejik Maliyet Yönetimi: İstanbul’da Faaliyet Gösteren Beş Yıldızlı Oteller Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Baysal Derya , Bilici Nilgün 
Published: October 2019

Turizm sektörü tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde de ekonomiye katkı sunan sektörler başında gelmekte ve gelişmeye devam etmektedir. Değişen ekonomik koşullar ve piyasa şartları işletmelerin rekabet gücünü arttırmalarını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Küreselleşme ile başlayan teknolojik gelişme turizm sektörünü de etkilemiştir. Turizm sektörü emek yoğun olmasının yanı sıra teknolojik gelişmeleri de yakından takip etmek durumundadır. İşletmeler varlıklarını sürdürebilmek adına değişen şartlara ayak uydurabilmeli, gelirlerini arttırarak devam ettirmeli ve maliyetlerini kontrol altına alabilmelidirler. Çalışmanın amacı, konaklama işletmelerinde çağdaş maliyetleme yöntemlerinden olan stratejik maliyet yönetiminin rekabet gücü elde edilmesi noktasında sunduğu katkıyı ortaya koyabilmektir. Bu bağlamda, İstanbul ilinde faaliyet gösteren beş yıldızlı otel işletmeleri üzerinde bir anket çalışması uygulanmıştır.Çalışma sonucunda, stratejik bilginin önemi ve özellikle rekabet gücü elde edilmesi açısından sektörde fark yaratabileceği neticesine varılmıştır. Turizm ürün ve hizmetlerinin komplike yapıda oluşu, müşteri sadakatinin sağlanamaması stratejik maliyet yönetimini olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir.
The Increase of HIV-1 Infection, Neurocognitive Impairment, and Type 2 Diabetes in The Rio Grande Valley
Authors: De La Garza Roberto , Rodrigo Hansapani , Fernandez Francisco , Roy Upal 
Published: October 2019

:
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infection remains a persistent predicament
for the State of Texas, ranking seventh among the most documented HIV cases in the United States.
In this regard, the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas is considered as one of the least investigated
areas of the state with respect to HIV infection and HIV associated comorbidities. Considering
the 115% increase in average HIV incidence rates per 100,000 within the RGV from 2007-2015,
it is worth characterizing this population with respect to their HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 Associated
Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND), and the association of treatment with combined antiretroviral
therapy (cART). Moreover, the increased rate of Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in the RGV population is
intertwined with that of HIV-1 infection facing challenges due to the lack of knowledge about prevention
to inadequate access to healthcare. Hence, the role of T2D in the development of HAND
among the people living with HIV (PLWH) in the RGV will be reviewed to establish a closer link
between T2D and HAND in cART-treated patients of the RGV.
Recent Patents on Permeation Enhancers for Drug Delivery Through Nails
Authors: Kreutz Tainá , de Matos Sheila Porto , Koester Letícia Scherer 
Published: October 2019

:
The human nail is a unique barrier with a keratinized constitution that favors protection and
fine touch. However, many disorders can affect the nail, among them, are the onychomycosis and psoriasis.
Systemic oral therapy has been applied to treat these diseases, even presenting disadvantages,
including side effects, drug interactions, contraindications, toxicity, high cost and low patient compliance.
A great option to succeed in dealing with the problems associated with oral therapy is the topical
administration of drugs. However, nail composition, low diffusion through ungual route and reduced
tissue bioavailability for topical treatments are limiting factors. These drawbacks can be overcome by
promoting penetration through the nails by employing penetration enhancers. The review focuses on
patents that highlight permeation enhancers applied to nail drug delivery for the treatment of onychomycosis
and psoriasis. Literature and patent searches were conduced regarding the topic of interest.
The substantial literature and patent search revealed that permeation enhancers, especially chemicals,
are great strategies for promoting the ungual delivery of drugs. Nail topical therapy containing permeation
enhancers is an attractive option for delivering localized treatments.
КОРОТКО ПРО СКРИНІНГ КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОГО РАКУ
Authors: Мельничук Н. І. , Шабат Г. І. , Чурпій І. К. 
Published: October 2019

Резюме. На сьогоднішній день, колоректальний рак залишається одним з найважливіших в клінічній онкології, тому що є другим за летальністю серед онкологічної патології в cвіті (1 з 3 осіб, в яких діагностовано колоректальний рак помирають від цього захворювання). В Україні колоректальний рак знаходиться на четвертому місці серед причин смертності від онкологічної патології в чоловіків, та на третьому – у жінок.
В статті коротко розглянуто фактори ризику, скринінгові методи колоректального раку, економічну ефективність та шляхи впровадження скринінгової програми. Завдяки скринінгу колоректального раку можна виявляти премалігнізовані утворення та виявляти рак на ранній стадії, що дозволяє проводити своєчасне та високоякісне лікування, а також знижувати смертність від даного захворювання.
Оскільки Україна входить в групу країн із низьким та середнім рівнем доходу, то впровадження ефективної скринінгової програми для КРР зустрічає ряд перешкод. В більшості високорозвинених країн Світу скринінг КРР розпочинається у віці 45 – 50 років, але в осіб з підвищеним ризиком скринінг розпочинається раніше.
Всі скринінгові програми крім покращення якості та збільшення тривалості життя пацієнтів є ще і економічно ефективними порівнюючи із ситуацією відсутності скринінгу.
Скринінг найкраще впроваджувати шляхом розробки системи ідентифікації прицільної когорти пацієнтів, яким потрібен скринінг (включаючи фактори ризику), проводити регулярне оновлення інформації, та навігацію тих пацієнтів, в яких виявлено позитивні результати обстеження в послідуючому процесі лікування та спостереження.
В статті надано аналіз ефективності трьох скринінгових методик колоректального раку для пацієнтів із помірним ризиком розвитку раку у віці від 50 до 75 років.