bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geospatial Approach for Assessment of Vulnerability to Flood in Local Self Governments
Authors: S Deepak , Rajan Gopika , G Jairaj P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent years have shown a significant increase in the occurrence of floods globally, with an impact on habitation and different sectors of the economy. This, in turn, necessitates the use of different flood mitigation strategies, wherein flood vulnerability assessment plays a significant role. The proposed work presents a methodology that combines vulnerability under physical-environmental and socio-economic domains to assess the overall flood vulnerability at the local self-government level. The methodology was illustrated to the case of Aluva municipality, located on the banks of River Periyar, in Kerala state, India. The spatial variation of hazard inducing factors and population statistics were analysed using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The machine learning algorithm, Random Forest, which uses hazard inducing factors as input was implemented for the evaluation of physical-environmental vulnerability. The social vulnerability of the region was analysed using the GIS Multi-criteria decision analysis approach (MCDA), with criteria weights to incorporate the interests of different stakeholders. The critical combinations of the two domains of vulnerability in the assessment of the vulnerability to flood, to have efficient flood management in local self-government was demonstrated in this study and can be made use of for any flood event.
Relaxometric learning: a pattern recognition method for T2 relaxation curves based on machine learning supported by an analytical framework
Authors: Date Yasuhiro , Wei Feifei , Tsuboi Yuuri , Ito Kengo , Sakata Kenji , Kikuchi Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based relaxometry is widely used in various fields of research because of its advantages such as simple sample preparation, easy handling, and relatively low cost compared with metabolomics approaches. However, there have been no reports on the application of the T 2 relaxation curves in metabolomics studies involving the evaluation of metabolic mixtures, such as geographical origin determination and feature extraction by pattern recognition and data mining. In this study, we describe a data mining method for relaxometric data (i.e., relaxometric learning). This method is based on a machine learning algorithm supported by the analytical framework optimized for the relaxation curve analyses. In the analytical framework, we incorporated a variable optimization approach and bootstrap resampling-based matrixing to enhance the classification performance and balance the sample size between groups, respectively. The relaxometric learning enabled the extraction of features related to the physical properties of fish muscle and the determination of the geographical origin of the fish by improving the classification performance. Our results suggest that relaxometric learning is a powerful and versatile alternative to conventional metabolomics approaches for evaluating fleshiness of chemical mixtures in food and for other biological and chemical research requiring a nondestructive, cost-effective, and time-saving method.
Public knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for cardiovascular disease among young and middle-aged adults in rural Tanzania
Authors: Muhihi Alfa , Anaeli Amani , Mpembeni Rose N.M , Sunguya Bruno F. , Leyna Germana , Kakoko Deodatus , Kessy Anna Tengia , Sando Mary Mwanyika , Njelekela Marina , Urassa David P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Improving cardiovascular health requires public knowledge and reduction of modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This study assessed knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for CVDs among young and middle-aged adults in Morogoro, Tanzania.Methods: We conducted a community-based survey as part of cluster randomized controlled study of community health workers (CHWs) intervention for reduction of blood pressure among young and middle-aged adults in rural Morogoro. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for CVDs was collected using an interviewer administered questionaire. Knowledge was assessed using open-ended questions followed by closed-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used to describe knowledge of risk factors and warning signs. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with adequate knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for CVDs.Results: Two-thirds (65.7%) of the participants had heard about CVDs. The main sources of information were mainly relatives/ neighbors (64.8%) and radio (53.0%). Only 28.3% of the participants reported health care providers as source of information about CVDs. More than half of the participants (52.4%) did not mention even one risk factor spontaneously while 55.2% were unable to mention any warning sign. When asked to select from a list, 6.9% were unable to correctly identify any risk factor whereas 11.8% could not correctly identify even a single warning sign. Quarter of participants (25.4%) had good knowledge score of risk factors, 17.5% had good knowledge score of warning signs and 16.3% had overall good knowledge of both risk factors and warning signs. Residing in Ulanga, having higher education level, having ever checked blood pressure and being overweight/obese predicted adequacy of knowledge score for both risk factors and warning signs.Conclusion: Knowledge of risk factors and warning signs in this rural population of young and middle-aged adults was generally low. Health care providers were less likely to provide health education regarding risk factors and warning signs for CVDs. Health promotion interventions to increase population knowledge of risk factors and warning signs should be implemented for successful reduction of CVDs in Tanzania.
Region specific amyloid-β accumulation in the olfactory system influences olfactory sensory neuronal dysfunction in 5xFAD mice
Authors: Son Gowoon , Yoo Seung-Jun , Kang Shinwoo , Rasheed Ameer , Jung Da Hae , Park Hyunjun , Cho Bongki , Steinbusch Harry W.M. , Chang Keun-A , Suh Yoo-Hun , Moon Cheil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Hyposmia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a typical early symptom according to numerous previous clinical studies. Although amyloid-β (Aβ), which is one of the toxic factors upregulated early in AD, has been identified in many studies, even in the peripheral areas. The pathology involving olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) remains poorly understood. Methods: Here, we focused on peripheral olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and delved deeper into the direct relationship between pathophysiological and behavioral results using odorants. We also confirmed histologically the pathological changes in three-month-old 5xFAD mouse models, which recapitulates AD pathology. We introduced a numeric scale histologically to compare physiological phenomenon and local tissue lesions regardless of the anatomical plane. Results: We observed the odorant group that the 5xFAD mice showed reduced responses to odorants. These also did not physiologically activate OSNs that propagate their axons to the ventral olfactory bulb. Interestingly, the amount of accumulated amyloid-β (Aβ) was high in the OSNs located in the olfactory epithelial ectoturbinate and the ventral olfactory bulb glomeruli. We also observed irreversible damage to the ectoturbinate of the olfactory epithelium by measuring the impaired neuronal turnover ratio from the basal cells to the matured OSNs. Conclusions: Our results showed that partial and asymmetrical accumulation of Aβ coincided with physiologically and structurally damaged areas in the peripheral olfactory system, which evoked hyporeactivity to some odorants. Taken together, partial olfactory dysfunction closely-associated with peripheral OSN’s loss could be a leading cause of AD-related hyposmia, a characteristic of early AD.
Activation of metabolic and stress responses during subtoxic expression of the type I toxin hok in Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Peng Jingyu , Triplett Lindsay R. , Sundin George 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, abundant in prokaryotes, are composed of a toxin gene and its cognate antitoxin. Several toxins are implied to affect the physiological state and stress tolerance of bacteria in a population. We previously identified a chromosomally encoded hok-sok type I TA system in Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight disease on pome fruit trees. A high-level induction of the hok gene was lethal to E. amylovora cells through unknown mechanisms. The molecular targets or regulatory roles of Hok were unknown.Results: Here, we examined the physiological and transcriptomic changes of Erwinia amylovora cells expressing hok at subtoxic levels that were confirmed to confer no cell death, and at toxic levels that resulted in killing of cells. In both conditions, hok caused membrane rupture and collapse of the proton motive force in a subpopulation of E. amylovora cells. We demonstrated that induction of hok resulted in upregulation of ATP biosynthesis genes, and caused leakage of ATP from cells only at toxic levels. We showed that overexpression of the phage shock protein gene pspA largely reversed the cell death phenotype caused by high levels of hok induction. We also showed that induction of hok at a subtoxic level rendered a greater proportion of stationary phase E. amylovora cells tolerant to the antibiotic streptomycin.Conclusions: We characterized the molecular mechanism of toxicity by high-level of hok induction and demonstrated that low-level expression of hok primes the stress responses of E. amylovora against further membrane and antibiotic stressors.
Real-time spectral interleaved electro-optic dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Bingxin , Fan Xinyu , Wang Shuai , He Zuyuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Optical frequency comb with evenly spaced lines over a broad bandwidth has revolutionized the fields of optical metrology and spectroscopy. Here, we propose an electro-optic dual-comb spectroscopy to real-time interleave the spectrum with high resolution, in which two electro-optic frequency combs are seed by swept light source. An interleaved spectrum with a high resolution is real-time recorded by the sweeping probe comb without gap time, which is multi-heterodyne detected by the sweeping local comb. The proposed scheme measures a spectrum spanning 304 GHz in 1.6 ms with a resolution of 1 MHz, and reaches a spectral sampling rate of 1.9*108 points/s under Nyquist-limitation. A reflectance spectrum is measured with a calculated figure-of-merit of 4.2*108, which shows great prospect for fast and high-resolution applications.
The origin of trapiche-like inclusion patterns in quartz from Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Farfan Gabriela A. , Rakovan John , Ackerson Michael R. , Andrews Benjamin J. , Post Jeffrey E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fibrous amphibole and clay mineral inclusions that form striking trapiche-like star patterns within quartz crystals from Inner Mongolia, China, present a challenge to uncover how these crystals grow and incorporate inclusions in a geological context. We propose that the patterns formed as a result of protogenic clay (ferrosaponite or nontronite) inclusions that were preferentially trapped on rough surfaces during quartz crystal growth. The rough surface texture of these crystals is the result of multiple growth centers during 2D nucleation and spread and split crystal formation. Observations via optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence, and three-dimensional micro-CT scanning highlight how the exterior surface textures on the termination of a complete quartz crystal mimic its interior inclusion patterns. Cathodoluminescence images, as well as varying aluminum concentrations along a core-to-exterior transect in a quartz crystal slice, suggest that the formation fluid underwent a heterogeneous chemical history. Measurements of Ti and observations of fluid inclusions suggest the quartz formed at a temperature of under 348 °C. This study presents the details surrounding split crystal growth in quartz in a natural geological setting, which has implications for inspiring new materials and may serve as an indicator for turbid and highly supersaturated formation fluid conditions in geological formations.
Metabolic and Appetite Effects of Fructose and Glucose in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: dos Santos Lima Érika , Souto Débora Lopes , Rodacki Melanie , Pereira Joana Rodrigues Dantas , Zajdenverg Lenita , Rosado Eliane Lopes 
Published: December 2020

Background:Fructose has been widely used for producing lower post-infusion glucose increase than other carbohydrates, but it seems that it promotes an increase in post-infusion triglycerides.Objective:The present study investigated the effects of fructose and glucose in metabolic variables and appetite sensations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Methods:This is a single-blind, randomized, and crossover study (washout of 1-5 weeks), which evaluated 16 adult T1DM patients, accompanied at University Hospital. After eight hours of overnight fasting, there was an assessment of capillary blood glucose, anthropometric variables, appetite sensations, and laboratory tests (glycemia, lipemia, leptin and glucagon) were conducted. Subsequently, they received 200mL of solutions with water and 75g of crystal fructose or glucose. Appetite sensations and capillary blood glucose were evaluated in different post-infusion times. Blood was drawn after 180 minutes for the laboratory tests.Results:Blood glucose increased after the intake of both solutions, but glucose induced a higher elevation. None of them increased triglycerides or glucagon. Glucagon maintenance was similar among the solutions. Furthermore, both solutions reduced leptin and increased fullness, but only fructose increased the lack of interest in eating sweets.Conclusions:Fructose induced a smaller increase in postprandial blood glucose than glucose, without changes in triglycerides and glucagon. In addition, leptin levels and appetite sensations were similar to glucose. Other studies are needed in order to confirm these findings, especially in the long term, so that their use becomes really reliable.
An Overview of the Pediatric Toxidromes and Poisoning Management
Authors: Hui Wun F. , Hon Kam L. , Leung Alexander K.C. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Poisoning is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Despite the advancement of poison detection by modern investigation methods, the clinical
skill of toxidrome recognition by combining the findings from a detailed history, thorough physical
examination, and the results of basic investigations is still indispensable for the management of
children with suspected poisoning.

Objective:
The aim was to review pediatric toxidromes and poisoning management.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted on PubMed (between February 1 and 15, 2020) with
keywords "toxidrome" "poisoning" "intoxication” “children” and "pediatric". The search was customized
by applying the appropriate filters so as to get the most relevant articles to meet the objective of
this review article.

Results:
Toxidrome recognition may offer a quick guide to possible toxicology diagnosis so that specific
antidote can be administered in a timely manner. This article discusses a few commonly encountered
toxidromes in pediatric poisoning, with an emphasis on the symptomatology and source of exposure.
The antidote and specific management for each toxidrome are also discussed. Although most patients
with intoxication can be managed with close observation, supportive measures and antidote
treatment, it is unfortunate that antidotes are only available for a limited number of poisons responsible
for intoxication. Extracorporeal toxin removal is being increasingly recognized as a mode of
treatment for patients with rapid deterioration who are unresponsive to conventional management. The
decision to apply such technique and the choice of modality are frequently individualized due to the
paucity of high-level evidence. The various patient and toxin/medication factors involved in the decision-
making process are discussed.

Conclusion:
Poisoning is a common cause of pediatric accidents and injuries. Physicians should be
familiar with common toxidromes and poisoning management.
The stress-strain state of the soil body in the quarter plane subjected to the strip load
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan Zaven G. , Vanina Yuliya V. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The construction of high-rise buildings, having elaborated substructures located inside deep excavations, entails a quantitative evaluation of the stress-strain state (SSS) of soils beyond the excavation wall with regard for the interaction with the surrounding built-up area and conditions of the contact with the enclosure structure. The paper analyzes the effect of distributed load p = const over a horizontal area having width b = 2a at the distance of с < a from the edge of a rectangular profile wall, which causes a non-uniform stress-strain state in the soil body having the shape of a quarter plane. It is assumed that the vertical wall is fixed with sprung structures, although vertical displacement of soil is acceptable.
Materials and methods. The analytical solution to the problem of the effect of the distributed load on the horizontal soil body having the shape of a quarter plane is based on a well-known solution to the plane elastic problem designated for the half-space subjected to load p = const distributed over a strip. MathCAD software (SW) was employed to obtain the analytical solution; PLAXIS 2D software was used to obtain the numerical solution.
Results. Analytical and numerical methods were applied to solve the problem of exposure of a horizontal soil body, having the shape of a quarter plane, to a distributed load. A comparative assessment and analysis of the stress strain state values were performed.
Conclusions. Analytical and numerical solutions demonstrate good convergence pursuant to the analysis of the results. Therefore, further development of new methods for the quantitative evaluation of the stress strain state of the soil body based on the existing theoretical solutions is one of the main challenges to be tackled in advanced design of beddings and foundations.
DAMPAK PENERAPAN BEA KELUAR KARET ALAM INDONESIA. SUATU ANALISIS SIMULASI
Authors: Hendratno Sinung 
Published: December 2020

Pemerintah akan mendorong pengembangan industri barang jadi karet di dalam negeri. Salah satu upayanya adalah dengan merencanakan penerapan bea keluar karet. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis dampak dari penerapan bea keluar karet alam Indonesia. Analisis menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber yang relevan dan hasil penelitian. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode komparatif statik dan simulasi. Hasil analisis simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penerapan bea keluar karet akan menurunkan harga di tingkat perdagangan besar dan produsen (petani dan perusahaan) karet. Penerapan bea keluar karet juga berdampak pada: a) meningkatnya surplus konsumen industri barang jadi karet, b) menurunnya surplus produsen, c) menghasilkan penerimaan pemerintah, dan d) terjadi kerugian ekonomi bagi masyarakat perkaretan. Penerapan kebijakan bea keluar karet sebaiknya dilakukan bersama-sama dengan kebijakan lain (policy mixed) seperti: a) kebijakan perlindungan terhadap kesejahteraan produsen, b) kebijakan keamanan terhadap perdagangan ilegal bokar, c) kebijakan penyediaan bahan pendukung bagi industri barang jadi karet dan pengurangan/ penghapusan PPN bagi produk primer, dan d) kebijakan stabilisasi nilai tukar mata uang (managed floating exchange rate). Diterima : 29 Maret 2012; Disetujui : 17 Juli 2012 How to Cite : Hendratno, S. (2012). Dampak penerapan bea keluar karet alam indonesia. Suatu analisis simulasi. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 30(1), 36-45. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/120
PEMANFAATAN HASIL PIROLISIS LIMBAH BAN BEKAS SEBAGAI BAHAN PELUNAK UNTUK PEMBUATAN BARANG JADI KARET
Authors: Falaah Asron Ferdian , Cifriadi Adi , Maspanger Dadi R. 
Published: December 2020

Perkembangan industri automotif yang pesat menjadikan permintaan yang besar terhadap ban kendaraan. Dampak negatif yang dihasilkan adalah melimpahnya limbah ban bekas. Sebagai usaha untuk memanfaatkan limbah ban bekas, telah dilakukan penelitian untuk merubah limbah ban bekas menjadi bahan pelunak barang jadi karet dengan proses pirolisis. Pirolisis dilakukan pada suhu 5000C selama 3 jam, menghasilkan cairan pirolisat dengan nilai berat jenis spesifik 1,0139, viskositas kinematis pada 2100F 7,063 cst, titik tuang -60C dan titik nyala 156,50C. Hasil uji sifat fisika vulkanisat menunjukkan bahwa pirolisat dari ban bekas dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pelunak barang jadi karet yang ditunjukkan dari hasil uji yang tidak berbeda nyata antara vulkanisat yang mengandung bahan pelunak kontrol dengan bahan pelunak dari pirolisat ban bekas. Diterima : 19 Februari 2013; Disetujui : 22 Maret 2013 How to Cite : Falaah, A. F., Cifriadi, A., & Maspanger, D. R. (2013). Pemanfaatan hasil pirolisis limbah ban bekas sebagai bahan pelunak untuk pembuatan barang jadi karet. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 31(2), 149-158. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/142