bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of social capital in agriculture
Authors: Bencze Tibor 
Published: November 2020

The concept of social capital became known in the 1980’s as an immaterial resource in the society and it is also a popular area of sociological and economic researches nowadays. Bourdieu, Coleman, and Putnam created the fundamental conceptions of the social capital. Defining social capital as capital involves the philosophy of serving as a resource for the social network.
Studies of the rapidly growing economy of East Asia always emphasize the importance of dense social networks. These networks, the unacceptable, the confidential, reduce the transaction costs, speed up the flow of information and innovation. Social capital and financial capital can be converted. The great economic developments in Hungarians in the last century are different from these causes. In Hungary, there is a very low level of cooperation as well as willingness to develop it. Among Western European countries the level of trust is lower than the average. This basic problem is closely related to the low level of trust and social capital in society as a whole. Partnerships and cooperations are essential nowadays as they can be beneficial to the whole society and economy. In addition, the farmers' eagerness to associate is also weak and the options on how to resolve this issue are still not settled.
Enforcement of the Hungarian peasantry in agricultural cooperatives (1958-1962) left a profound impression on society and its consequences must be taken into account. The good reputation and the credit could be quickly lost; on the contrary recovery – especially rebuild mutual trust- takes more time. Hungarian farmers do not have the confidence to regain each other in the long run. It should be changed, otherwise the majority of the Hungarian farmers will not have the chance to stay competitive.
The Answer to “When to Clip” After Colorectal Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Based on a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Albéniz Eduardo , Enguita-Germán Mónica , Gimeno-García Antonio Zebenzuy , Herreros de Tejada Alberto , Nogales Oscar , Espinós Jorge C. , Rodríguez Sánchez Joaquín , Rosón Pedro , Guarner Carlos , Marín José Carlos , Bhandari Pradeep , Spadaccini Marco , Repici Alessandro , Hassan Cesare , Álvarez-González Marco Antonio , Ibáñez Beroiz Berta 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Delayed bleeding (DB) is the most common major complication of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Two randomized clinical trials recently demonstrated that clip closure after EMR of large nonpedunculated colorectal polyps (LNPCPs) reduces the risk of DB. We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of this prophylactic measure.

METHODS:
EMRs of LNCPCPs were consecutively registered in the ongoing prospective multicenter database of the Spanish EMR Group from May 2013 until July 2017. Patients were classified according to the Spanish Endoscopy Society EMR group (GSEED-RE2) DB risk score. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed for both Spanish and US economic contexts. The average incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) thresholds were set at 54,000 € or $100,000 per quality-adjusted life year, respectively.

RESULTS:
We registered 2,263 EMRs in 2,130 patients. Applying their respective DB relative risk reductions after clip closure (51% and 59%), the DB rate decreased from 4.5% to 2.2% in the total cohort and from 13.7% to 5.7% in the high risk of the DB GSEED-RE2 subgroup. The ICERs for the universal clipping strategy in Spain and the United States, 469,706 € and $1,258,641, respectively, were not cost effective. By contrast, selective clipping in the high-risk of DB GSEED-RE2 subgroup was cost saving, with a negative ICER of −2,194 € in the Spanish context and cost effective with an ICER of $87,796 in the United States.

DISCUSSION:
Clip closure after EMR of large colorectal lesions is cost effective in patients with a high risk of bleeding. The GSEED-RE2 DB risk score may be a useful tool to identify that high-risk population.

JOURNAL/ajgast/04.03/00000434-202102000-00022/inline-graphic1/v/2023-07-18T070738Z/r/image-tiff
Elogio de la sencillez. Tratamiento de las pasiones en la gnosis de Clemente de Alejandría
Authors: Vindas Sánchez Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Este estudio propone analizar la invención de una gnosis basada en el elogio de la sencillez como una máxima del pensamiento filosófico y teológico clementino. El elogio de la sencillez está en la capacidad de la persona humana de hacerse divina; en este sentido, otra de las categorías que se desprenden de esta práctica es la de theoi andres, una categoría que logra sintetizar la filosofía pagana y el pensamiento cristiano de Clemente. La gnosis de Clemente no se comprende más allá de un sistema punitivo en torno a las pasiones, sino, más bien, como una serie de ejercicios de ética basados en el cuidado de la salud de la carne, la respuesta cristiana a la aristocracia y la pomposidad romana, así como el cultivo del sophron bios o vida temperante.
Palabras clave: Gnosis, teología clementina, filosofía pagana, tratamiento de las pasiones, uso de los placeres
True abdominal epilepsy is clonic jerking of the abdominal musculature*
Authors: Tatum Kelsey B. , Schuele Stephan U. , Templer Jessica W. , Becker Tara L. , Tatum William O. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims
Abdominal epilepsy (AE) has long been reported as a rare phenomenon in children with various episodic gastrointestinal sensory and painful symptoms suspected to be due to epileptic seizures. Originally, AE was diagnosed when abdominal sensory or painful symptoms were associated with pain, temporal lobe origin, an epileptiform or paroxysmal EEG pattern, and a clinical response to antiseizure medication. AE has also been associated with non‐epileptic etiologies such as migraine. Reports of abdominal epilepsy based on an abnormal EEG or clinical response to antiseizure medication without diagnosis confirmation by video‐EEG are at best speculative, and at worst, misdiagnoses.Methods
We describe three adult patients with focal aware motor seizures manifesting as recurrent, isolated prolonged painless rhythmic clonic jerking of the abdominal musculature including epilepsia partialis continua.Results
All patients had a contralateral structural lesion on high‐resolution brain MRI in the abdominal region of the motor homunculus. Standard EEG was unrevealing and only after extra EEG electrodes and video‐EEG monitoring was the ictal origin confirmed.Conclusions
Historically, AE has been described as a disorder involving subjective sensory symptoms including vague abdominal pain, instead of epileptic motor signs of abdominal clonic jerking. We recommend replacing the use of vague terms such as AE with International League Against Epilepsy terminology along with diagnostic confirmation validated by video‐EEG monitoring. [Published with video sequence].
The phenotype and treatment of SCN2A‐related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Kim Hyo Jeong , Yang Donghwa , Kim Se Hee , Kim Borahm , Kim Heung Dong , Lee Joon Soo , Choi Jong Rak , Lee Seung‐Tae , Kang Hoon‐Chul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims. We aimed to delineate the phenotypic spectrum of SCN2A‐related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) and determine the effectiveness of various treatment modalities, including sodium channel blockers and the ketogenic diet.Methods. Eleven patients with SCN2A‐related DEE were included in the study. The characteristics of SCN2A mutations, electroclinical features, clinical course, and response to treatment modalities were analysed.Results. The 11 patients were aged between 0.4 and 9.7 years. The onset of seizures ranged from neonate (six patients) to infant (four patients), to childhood (one patient). Epilepsy presented as Ohtahara syndrome, West syndrome, epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS), and focal epilepsy in neonatal‐ to infantile‐onset patients. The only childhood‐onset patient in our study presented with focal epilepsy with autism. Neonatal‐to infantile‐onset patients had drug‐resistant epilepsy (9/10), however, sodium channel blockers were effective in all treated patients (9/9). The ketogenic diet (6/8) and high‐dose steroid treatment (4/5) were also effective. The seizures in the childhood‐onset patient worsened during treatment with sodium channel blockers. All mutations in neonatal‐ to infantile‐onset patients were missense mutations, whereas the mutation in the childhood‐onset patient was a truncation mutation.Conclusions. These results support earlier observations regarding the epilepsy syndromes and response to antiepileptic drugs in patients with SCN2A‐related DEE.
The COVID‐19 outbreak and approaches to performing EEG in Europe
Authors: Krysl David , Beniczky Sándor , Franceschetti Silvana , Arzimanoglou Alexis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims The coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 disease (COVID‐19) pandemic affects availability and performance of neurophysiological diagnostic methods, including EEG. Our objective was to outline the current situation regarding EEG‐based investigations across Europe.Methods A web‐based survey was distributed to centres within the European Reference Network on rare and complex epilepsies (ERN EpiCARE). Responses were collected between April 9 and May 15, 2020. Results were analysed with Microsoft Excel, Python Pandas and SciPy.Results Representants from 47 EpiCARE centres from 22 countries completed the survey. At the time of completing the survey, inpatient video‐EEGs had been stopped or restricted in most centres (61.7% vs. 36.2% for adults, and 38.3% vs. 53.2% for children). Invasive investigations and epilepsy surgery were similarly affected. Acute EEGs continued to be performed, while indications for outpatient EEGs were limited and COVID‐19 triage put in place. The strictness of measures varied according to extent of the outbreak in a given country.Conclusions The results indicate a profound impact of COVID‐19 on neurophysiological diagnostics, especially inpatient video‐EEGs, invasive investigations, and epilepsy surgery. The COVID‐19 pandemic may hamper care for patients in need of EEG‐based investigations, particularly patients with seizure disorders. ERN EpiCARE will work on recommendations on how to rapidly adapt to such situations in order to alleviate consequences for our patients.
La reconceptualización del derecho del trabajo en el siglo xxi
Authors: Castro Guiza Omar Ernesto 
Published: November 2020

En este texto se mostrará la evolución histórica del trabajo desde la época romana y hasta el siglo XIX, para luego abordar en esa última época la génesis del derecho del trabajo o derecho laboral como algunos bien llaman a la disciplina jurídica que regula las relaciones de trabajo, con el fin de comprender y analizar su relación con el empleo informal, como concepto básico de esta investigación. Igualmente, se hará mención a las características de derecho del trabajo en el siglo XX, su innegable limitación a las nuevas formas flexibles de trabajo generadas desde la globalización económica, y a la lucha constante de los organismos internacionales como la O.I.T, para ajustar la regulación laboral a las dinámicas de producción del siglo XXI, en vía de protección de los trabajadores.
Utilizando un método explicativo, la conclusión principal de esta investigación, afirma la necesidad inmediata de reconceptualizar el derecho del trabajo, como instrumento de regulación jurídica que se extienda a las nuevas formas flexibles de vinculación de trabajadores, pero a su vez a las distintas representaciones del trabajo informal, especialmente, los trabajadores que laboran por cuenta propia.
Multiletramentos no PIBID de Letras da Universidade Federal do Tocantins: caminhando para práticas sociais inovadoras
Authors: Capuchinho Adriana Carvalho , Silva Rafael Lisboa da 
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: O Pibid 2018-2020 previa a participação de discentes dos semestres iniciais dos cursos de licenciatura na escola pública. Procuramos no Pibid do curso de Letras da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, no campus de Porto Nacional, promover o contato dos licenciandos iniciantes com os documentos reguladores do ensino básico, especialmente na área de linguagens, mais especificamente em língua Portuguesa e em Língua Inglesa [LDBN (BRASIL, 2017), PCNs (BRASIL, 1998), BNCC (BRASIL, 2017)], bem como com o trabalho com gêneros discursivos através de sequências didáticas (DOLZ; NOVERRAZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004) e com os multiletramentos (COPE; KALANTZIS, 2012) conforme previsto na BNCC (BRASIL, 2017). Trabalhar práticas de leitura e escrita multimodais aliadas às tecnologias digitais torna-se fundamental na formação de cidadãos críticos preparados para aprender continuamente e para lidar com as transformações nas relações com o mundo e com a aprendizagem. Nosso projeto buscou desenvolver SDs em ciclos de quatro oficinas de duas horas e meia cada no ensino fundamental no município. Os Pibidianos, divididos em grupos de três a cinco, realizaram trabalho colaborativo e transdisciplinar atendendo até 10 estudantes na apropriação de leitura e escrita de diversos gêneros: paródias musicais e visuais, memes, poemas sociais, charges, tirinhas, letras de música, blogs jornalísticos, histórias em quadrinhos gráficas e em ambientes digitais, bem como gêneros discursivos canônicos, como memórias literárias e crônicas. Notamos certa resistência dos participantes do programa, tanto de supervisores, docentes experientes, como também de pibidianos, alunos em início de curso superior, ao utilizar recursos de leitura e produção de escrita digital implantados no PIBID. Por outro lado, encontramos receptividade dos alunos nas escolas quanto maior fosse a multimodalidade e criticidade das atividades propostas. Todo o grupo envolvido observou o impacto social de seu trabalho de ensino-aprendizagem e seu aprimoramento como docentes em formação, a despeito das dificuldades pessoais iniciais e da carência de recursos nas escolas (ventiladores, lanche, computadores, conexão wifi entre outros materiais).
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Formação de professores, Ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, Sequências didáticas.
Determination of Local Magnitude for Earthquakes Recorded from the Texas Seismological Network (TexNet)
Authors: Kavoura Florentia , Savvaidis Alexandros , Rathje Ellen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present a local magnitude (ML) relation for the earthquakes recorded from the Texas Seismological Network (TexNet) between the dates of 1 January 2017 and 31 July 2019. Using a comprehensive seismic dataset from earthquakes in Texas, we propose a distance correction term −logA0, which is consistent with the original definition of the Richter magnitude. The proposed distance correction calculation for the TexNet events accounts for the attenuation characteristics of the direct and refracted waves over different distance ranges. Regression analysis of Wood–Anderson amplitudes results in the following trilinear function, which represents the attenuation attributes of the events under investigation: −logA0={2.07×log(Rhyp)+0.0002×(Rhyp−100)−0.72Rhyp≤16  km1.54×log(Rhyp)+0.0002×(Rhyp−100)−0.0816  km&lt;Rhyp≤105  km,0.29×log(Rhyp)+0.0002×(Rhyp−100)+2.45Rhyp&gt;105  km in which Rhyp is the hypocentral distance (km). The derived distance correction relationship results in an accurate ML relationship for Texas that is unbiased over a 200 km distance range. Compared with other ML relations, the proposed relation in this study gives lower ML values over all distances than those calculated by Richter (1958), Hutton and Boore (1987), Babaie Mahani and Kao (2019), and Quinones et al. (2019) by an average of 0.01, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.15 units, respectively; this study’s proposed relation gives higher ML values over all distances than those calculated by Scales et al. (2017), Yenier (2017), and Greig et al. (2018) by an average of 0.28, 0.01, and 0.08 units, respectively.
Shaking is Almost Always a Surprise: The Earthquakes That Produce Significant Ground Motion
Authors: Minson Sarah E. , Baltay Annemarie S. , Cochran Elizabeth S. , McBride Sara K. , Milner Kevin R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough small earthquakes are expected to produce weak shaking, ground motion is highly variable and there are outlier earthquakes that generate more shaking than expected—sometimes significantly more. We explore datasets of M 0.5–8.3 earthquakes to determine the relative impact of frequent, smaller-magnitude earthquakes that rarely produce strong ground motion, to rare, large earthquakes that always cause strong shaking. We find that the natural variability of ground motion, combined with the Gutenberg–Richter magnitude–frequency relationship, ensures that most occurrences of any ground motion come from earthquakes of smaller magnitude than expected, often &gt;2 magnitude units smaller. This holds even for very strong shaking (&gt;20%g), suggesting that M&lt;7 earthquakes could be a significant source of damage.
The Historicity of the Earthquakes Occurring in the Iberian Peninsula before A.D. 881 Recorded in Spanish and Portuguese Seismic Catalogs
Authors: Álvarez-Martí-Aguilar Manuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, the original accounts of the first 19 earthquakes—occurring before A.D. 881—recorded in Martínez-Solares and Mezcua’s Catálogo sísmico de la Península Ibérica (Martínez-Solares and Mezcua, 2002) are reviewed. Their evolution is traced through references to them in the works of Spanish and Portuguese historians and authors published between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, and it is shown how they subsequently made their way into the main Spanish and Portuguese seismic compilations and catalogs. By identifying the first references to news of historical earthquakes in the Iberian Peninsula in the literary sources, the intention is to gain a better understanding of the context in which this information originated over time and to verify its historicity with greater precision. The review performed here shows that the majority of these accounts lack a firm historical basis.
An assessment of knowledge and application of lingual orthodontics among orthodontists in their routine clinical practice
Authors: Rodrigues Lishoy , Chawla Jamenis Shilpa , Jawale Bhushan , Patil Rashmi , Sadhunavar Trupti 
Published: November 2020

With orthodontic patient demographics expanding to involve more adults, the demand for esthetic appliances is greater and orthodontists are keen on offering their patients more discreet and even invisible options. Lingual orthodontics is a very viable field which offers all this, and it is noteworthy that more and more orthodontists in India are practicing the craft.This questionnaire based survey aims to assess the knowledge and application of Lingual Orthodontics among Orthodontists in their routine clinical practice in India.A sample of 157 participants (orthodontists) was taken after assessing the sample size within the age group of 27 - 50 years of age. The participants comprised of orthodontists practicing in various parts of India. A Questionnaire was created on Google forms and circulated to participants using various social media platforms. The data of responses of participants were analyzed and evaluated with the help of pie charts.This survey analyzed the knowledge and application of Lingual Orthodontics among Orthodontists in their routine clinical practice in India. The results highlighted certain key points ; Majority of the Orthodontists in India did not practice Lingual Orthodonticsand if a patient demanded Lingual braces, majority of the Orthodontists convinced them for conventional braces. Majority of the Orthodontists also reported of not being comfortable practicing Lingual Orthodontics and were not even certified as trained Lingual Orthodontists. They reported of facing certain problems like long treatment duration, more frequent patient visits, increased appointment duration, increased breakages and increased patient discomfort. Most of the participants suggested that conventional braces were better than Lingual braces and they also felt that Lingual Orthodontics took up a lot of clinical chair side time. Maximum participants reported of frequently using conventional braces in their routine clinical practice. They also felt that there was a need to conduct increased awareness and training programs in lingual Orthodontics and a whopping majority also believed that Lingual Orthodontics had now become obsolete.This questionnaire based survey clearly helped in analyzing the knowledge and application of Lingual Orthodontics among Orthodontists in their routine clinical practice in India. Increased awareness and training programs in lingual Orthodontics need to be conducted in India as there were very few Orthodontic clinicians practicing lingual Orthodontics in routine practice.
Distribution De Amanita Subviscosa Beeli, Une EspÃ¨ce Ectomycorhizienne Mal Connue Dans Le Parc National Du W Du Niger (Afrique De lâ€™Ouest)
Authors: Hama Oumarou , Ibrahim Doka Dahiratou , Barage Moussa , Infante FÃ©lix 
Published: November 2020

La prÃ©sente Ã©tude, rÃ©alisÃ©e dans le Parc National du W, vise Ã contribuer Ã la connaissance de lâ€™Ã©cologie, de la frÃ©quence et de la pÃ©riode dâ€™apparition de Amanita subviscosa, une espÃ¨ce de champignon ectomycorhizienne, mal connue dudit parc. Pour ce faire, des investigations ont Ã©tÃ© menÃ©es dans trois types de formations vÃ©gÃ©tales, au cours de la pÃ©riode de juillet-septembre 2008-2016. Ainsi, lâ€™espÃ¨ce est infÃ©odÃ©e Ã la savane arborÃ©e, Ã la forÃªt claire et Ã la galerie forestiÃ¨re, aux alentours des pieds de Afzelia africana et Isoberlinia doka. Dans le premier biotope, sa frÃ©quence dâ€™apparition est de 40%, alors que dans la forÃªt claire et la galerie forestiÃ¨re, sa frÃ©quence dâ€™apparition est respectivement 33,33% et 26,67%. Dans ces trois (3) biotopes, A. subviscosa est plus abondante Ã partir du 20 juillet jusquâ€™en fin aoÃ»t, en pÃ©riodes des pluies rÃ©guliÃ¨res.
The present study, carried out in the W National Park, aims to contribute to the knowledge of the ecology, the frequency and the period of appearance of Amanita subviscosa, an ectomycorrhizal fungus species which it is little known from the above-mentioned park. To achieve this task, some investigations were carried out in three types of plant formations, during the period from July-September 2008-2012. This species is linked to the tree savannah, the open forest and the forest gallery, around Afzelia africana and Isoberlinia doka trees. In the first biotope, its frequency of occurrence is 40%, while in the open forest and gallery forest, their frequency of occurrence are 33.33% and 26.67% respectively. In these three biotopes, A. subviscosa is most abundant from the July the 20th until the end of August, during regular rain periods.