bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing recovery resources in trauma care: impact and implications
Authors: Simske Natasha M. , Breslin Mary A. , Hendrickson Sarah B. , York Kenneth P. , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives:
To identify resources that patients perceive as helpful to their recovery and to characterize the impact of the Trauma Survivor Network (TSN), a program committed to enhancing recovery through education and engagement.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Four hundred eighty-five patients with musculoskeletal injuries. Two hundred eleven were exposed to TSN resources (Group 1). One hundred thirty-five patients were treated during the same period with no exposure (Group 2, control). One hundred thirty-nine patients were treated 1 to 3 months prior to TSN implementation (Group 3, control).

Intervention:
TSN resources including educational materials, family classes, peer survivor visits, coaching, online services, and support groups.

Main outcome measure:
A survey to assess hospital experience and perceptions about recovery.

Results:
On a Likert scale from 0 to 5, patients were highly satisfied (mean 4.24), with no differences based on TSN exposure. Patients exposed to TSN programming reported greater perceived likelihood of recovery: mean 3.73 vs 3.41 vs 3.38, Group 1 vs Group 2 vs Group 3 (P = .05) and regarding return to daily activities: 3.69 vs 3.49 vs 3.10, P = .003. Fifty-three percent of Group 1 patients exposed to TSN programming utilized peer relationships and 42% read the educational materials provided. Support groups were also popular, with 26% of patients attending at least 1 session. Patients who recalled utilization of TSN services were overall highly satisfied with these services, mean 4.42.

Conclusion:
Patients were overall highly satisfied with their hospital stay, with those exposed to TSN services reporting greater perceived likelihood of recovery and return to daily activities. Development of nontraditional services, including peer visitation and support groups, appears to enhance expectations about recovery.
Understanding HIV Program Effects: A Structural Approach to Context Using the Transportability Framework
Authors: Mehrotra Megha L. , Petersen Maya L. , Geng Elvin H. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Implementation science focuses on evaluating strategies for delivering evidence-based interventions to improve HIV prevention and treatment. The effectiveness of these implementation strategies is often context-dependent and reconciling the desire to produce generalizable knowledge in the face of these contextual interventions is a central challenge for implementation science researchers.

Methods:
We provide an overview of the causal transportability theory and conceptualize context under this framework. We review how causal graphs can be used to illustrate the assumptions necessary to apply the results of a study to a new context, and we illustrate this approach using an example of a community adherence group intervention that aims to improve retention in HIV care. Finally, we discuss several key insights highlighted by the transportability theory that are relevant to implementation science researchers.

Results:
By adopting causal transportability to consider how context may affect the success of an implementation strategy, researchers can formally diagnose when the results of a study are likely to generalize to a given setting. Moreover, selection diagrams can highlight what additional measurements would be needed in a target population to estimate the effect of an implementation strategy in that target population without having to repeat the initial study.

Conclusions:
Transportability translates intuition about context-dependent interventions and external validity into actionable and testable insight.
A Simple Combination Approach for Costal Cartilage Augmentation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Qiao Congzhen , Yu Wenxin , Gao Wei , Qiu Yajing , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Autologous costal cartilage graft is optimal for augmentation rhinoplasty but with complications including markedly visible graft margins and dorsal contour irregularities. Therefore, the authors introduced the diced costal cartilage graft to smoothen the margins of bilateral spreader graft for nasal dorsum augmentation. A total of 6 patients were recruited for this augmentation rhinoplasty. The pre- and postoperative photographs were taken for improvement evaluation. During a mean follow-up of 15 months, none of the patients developed major complications that may require removal or revision of the costal cartilage grafts. Five patients (80%) were very satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. This simple algorithm facilitates the substantial augmentation and removes the visibility of dorsal graft in the costal cartilage rhinoplasty for the East Asian population.
Identifying the drivers of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae at a European level
Authors: Kachalov Viacheslav N. , Nguyen Huyen , Balakrishna Suraj , Salazar-Vizcaya Luisa , Sommerstein Rami , Kuster Stefan P. , Hauser Anthony , Wiesch Pia Abel zur , Klein Eili , Kouyos Roger D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBeta-lactam- and in particular carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae represent a major public health threat. Despite strong variation of resistance across geographical settings, there is limited understanding of the underlying drivers.To assess these drivers, we developed a transmission model of cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The model is parameterized using antibiotic consumption and demographic data from eleven European countries and fitted to the resistance rates for Klebsiella pneumoniae for these settings. The impact of potential drivers of resistance is then assessed in counterfactual analyses.Based on reported consumption data, the model could simultaneously fit the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL and CRK) across eleven European countries over eleven years. The fit could explain the large between-country variability of resistance in terms of consumption patterns and fitted differences in hospital transmission rates. Based on this fit, a counterfactual analysis found that reducing nosocomial transmission and antibiotic consumption in the hospital had the strongest impact on ESBL and CRK prevalence. Antibiotic consumption in the community also affected ESBL prevalence but its relative impact was weaker than nosocomial consumption. Finally, we used the model to estimate a moderate fitness cost of CRK and ESBL at the population level.This work highlights the disproportionate role of antibiotic consumption in the hospital and of nosocomial transmission for resistance in gram-negative bacteria at a European level. This indicates that infection control and antibiotic stewardship measures should play a major role in limiting resistance even at the national or regional level.Significance StatementAs beta-lactam resistant gram-negative bacteria represent one of the most critical threats in the ongoing antibiotic resistance crisis, it is crucial to identify the underlying drivers and appropriate measures to curb their spread. By combining a transmission model with epidemiological data at a European level, we can explain the strong differences of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia across countries and their often-rapid temporal increase. We find that among potentially modifiable drivers, inpatient antibiotic consumption and nosocomial transmission rates have the strongest impact on resistance. This implies that infection control and antibiotic stewardship in hospitals are crucial for preventing antibiotic resistance in gram-negatives even beyond individual hospitals as they may affect resistance prevalence at the level of entire countries.
Machine learning predicts immunoglobulin light chain toxicity through somatic mutations
Authors: Garofalo Maura , Piccoli Luca , Romeo Margherita , Barzago Maria Monica , Ravasio Sara , Foglierini Mathilde , Matkovic Milos , Sgrignani Jacopo , De Gasparo Raoul , Prunotto Marco , Varani Luca , Diomede Luisa , Michielin Olivier , Lanzavecchia Antonio , Cavalli Andrea 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL), pathogenic monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) form toxic aggregates and amyloid fibrils in target organs. Prompt diagnosis is crucial to avoid permanent organ damage. However, delays in diagnosis are common, with a consequent poor patient’s prognosis, as symptoms usually appear only after strong organ involvement. Here, we present LICTOR, a machine learning approach predicting LC toxicity in AL, based on the distribution of somatic mutations acquired during clonal selection. LICTOR achieved a specificity and a sensitivity of 0.82 and 0.76, respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.87. Tested on an independent set of 12 LCs sequences with known clinical phenotypes, LICTOR achieved a prediction accuracy of 83%. Furthermore, we were able to abolish the toxic phenotype of an LC by in silico reverting two germline-specific somatic mutations identified by LICTOR and by experimentally assessing the loss of in vivo toxicity in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Therefore, LICTOR represents a promising strategy for AL diagnosis and reducing high mortality rates in AL.
Co-incubation of dsRNA reduces proportion of viable spores of Ascosphaera apis, a honey bee fungal pathogen
Authors: Tauber James P. , Einspanier Ralf , Evans Jay D. , McMahon Dino P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere are viral, fungal, bacterial and trypanosomal pathogens that negatively impact the individual and superorganismal health of the western honey bee. One fungal pathogen, Ascosphaera apis, affects larvae and causes the disease chalkbrood. A previous genome analysis of As. apis revealed that its genome encodes for RNA interference genes, similar to other fungi and eukaryotes. Here, we examined whether As. apis-targeting double-stranded RNA species could disrupt the germination of As. apis. We observed that when spores were co-incubated with As. apis-targeting dsRNA, fewer spores were activated for germination, suggesting an uptake of exogenous genetic material at the very onset of germination and consequent damage to essential transcripts needed for germination. Overall, these results indicate that the causative agent of chalkbrood disease, As. apis, can be successfully targeted using an RNAi-based strategy.
A new method for measuring fish swimming patterns in shallow water and a previously undescribed swimming gait
Authors: Willis Jay , de Perera Theresa Burt , Poncelet Guillaume , Thomas Adrian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHill stream loaches are fish which live their entire lives in close contact with rock. They have elaborate physical adaptations to fast flow, adherence to substrate, and movement in very shallow water. Here we describe a method for observing how they swim in detail. There are many similarly shaped rheophilic fish, insects, and amphibian larvae, which live in fast flowing water, and a method of observing their swimming modes has wide potential application. We measured the deflection of the water surface around a swimming fish by viewing a fixed pattern on the bottom of the tank through the water surface. This is a Schlieren method in which the movement or other physical properties of a medium are derived from the deflection of a pattern viewed through that medium. We used this method to describe a new type of swimming gait which is likely to be common among small rheophiles – pulse swimming mode – in which thrust is produced in a series of discrete impulses. The method of analysis described here is beneficial in that the fish is allowed to swim freely in relatively normal conditions without the use of intrusive equipment such as lasers, dyes, or additives to the water, and the pattern of thrust is viewed directly against the skin of the fish rather than being inferred from the wake pattern behind the fish. The method is also low cost and easily set up.
When others show off my brand: self-brand association and conspicuous consumption
Authors: Li Jie , Guo Shuojia , Zhang Jonathan Z. , Sun Liben 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of conspicuous consumption on brand attitudes in the context of luxury brands market in China.

Design/methodology/approach
Two studies are conducted to test three hypotheses. In Study 1, the authors examine the mediating effect of self-brand association (SBA) on the relationship between social class and conspicuous consumption (H1 and H2); In Study 2, the authors examine the effect of observing others’ conspicuous consumption on the observer’s SBA (H3).

Findings
Results show that SBA negatively mediates the relationship between social class and conspicuous consumption. Moreover, the negative effect on SBA of observing conspicuous brand usage varies by social class.

Research limitations/implications
The current study focused on the principal linkage between social class, SBA and conspicuousness, and future research could examine the influence of different personality traits on luxury consumption or the existence of sub-types or variants of conspicuous brand users.

Originality/value
The present study has important implications for luxury brand management, and provides rich insights to consumers’ motivations that lead to distinctive luxury consumption behaviors.
Application of Markov process/mathematical modelling in analysing communication system reliability
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Pardeep 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the main components of a wireless communication system, e.g. input transducer, transmitter, communication channel and receiver on the basis of their interconnection for evaluating the various reliability measures for the same.

Design/methodology/approach
Markov process and mathematical modelling is used to formulate a mathematical model of the considered system (on the basis of various failures/repairs).

Findings
Reliability of the wireless communication system with respect to its components failure is obtained and explained with the graphs. Also, critical components of the system are identified with the aid of sensitivity analysis. At last, mean time to failure with variation in various failures is obtained.

Originality/value
In the present paper, a mathematical model based on the working of the wireless communication system has been developed. Conclusions in this paper are good references for the improvement in the same.
Marking walls and borders
Authors: Trujillo-Pagan Nicole 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reconceptualize space as a field of struggles between multiple agents.Design/methodology/approachThe author draws from field theory and uses visual methods to explain how graffiti shapes how neighborhoods are branded and aligned with creative city redevelopment plans.FindingsBy exploring space/place as field, the author moves beyond the structure/culture dichotomy to explain both place making and displacement.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest gentrification is not an abstract force, but rather the outcome of struggles to define place and attract new, consuming populations to the neighborhood.Originality/valueSociologists share a long and rich tradition of associating opportunity with space that traces back to W.E.B. DuBois’ research on the seventh ward inThe Philadelphia Negro(1899). More recently, sociologists have reified space and have attempted to distinguish place as an outcome of human experience. How space and place is reproduced remains unclear. This paper contributes toward the understanding of space, place-making and displacement.
An EPQ inventory model considering an imperfect production system with probabilistic demand and collaborative approach
Authors: Salas-Navarro Katherinne , Acevedo-Chedid Jaime , Árquez Gina Mora , Florez Whady F. , Ospina-Mateus Holman , Sana Shib Sankar , Cárdenas-Barrón Leopoldo Eduardo 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an economic production quantity (EPQ) inventory model considering imperfect items and probabilistic demand for a two-echelon supply chain. The production process is imperfect and the imperfect quality items are removed from the lot size. The demand rate of the inventory system is random and follows an exponential probability density function and the demand of the retailers is depending on the initiatives of the sales team.

Design/methodology/approach
Two approaches are examined. In the non-collaborative approach, any member of the supply chain can be the leader and takes decisions to optimize the profits, and in the collaborative system, all members make joint decisions about the production, supply, sales and inventory to optimize the profits of the supply chain members. The calculus approach is applied to find the maximum profit related to the members of the supply chain.

Findings
A numerical example is presented to illustrate the performance of the EPQ model. The results show that collaborative approach generates greater profits to the supply chain and the market’s demand represents the variable behavior and uncertainty that is generated in the replenishment of a supply chain.

Originality/value
The new and major contributions of this research are: the inventory model considers demand for products is random variable which follows an exponential probability distribution function and it also depends on the initiatives of sales teams, the imperfect production system generates defective items, different cycle time are considered in manufacturer and retailers and collaborative and non-collaborative approaches are also studied.
Attracting and retaining core competency: a focus on cost stickiness
Authors: Kuiate Christian , Noland Thomas R. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether firms strategically use retirement plans to retain employees with core competencies and whether offering these retirement plans provides competitive advantages that lead to greater profitability.

Design/methodology/approach
The data set consists of annual financial data reported to the US Department of Transportation by long haul truckload carriers. The paper uses linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses. Descriptive statistics, univariate comparisons and robustness tests are also reported.

Findings
The findings support the assertion that offering a retirement plan is positively related to the attraction and retention of skilled workers and that firms that offer retirement plans are more profitable.

Research limitations/implications
Data limitations preclude proving a definitive causal relationship. With the increasing availability of rich and timely data sets at both the firm and employee levels, future research may enhance the understanding of the role that pensions play in both labor and firm productivity.

Originality/value
This study provides evidence that retirement plans may serve as a strategic tool in highly competitive industries characterized by high labor turnover. This study shows that by analyzing the degree of cost stickiness in income statement line-items, it is possible to bypass the need for more granular analyses to uncover meaningful economic relationships. Finally, this study contributes to the literature examining the implications of operating decisions for financial performance (a balanced scorecard perspective), and it shows that offering pension benefits is related to stronger financial performance.
Integrating environmental management control systems to translate environmental strategy into managerial performance
Authors: Rötzel Peter G. , Stehle Alexander , Pedell Burkhard , Hummel Katrin 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the role of environmental management control systems as mechanisms to translate environmental strategy into environmental managerial performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on survey data from 218 firms, the authors test a structural equation model.FindingsThe results show that environmental management control systems mediate the relationship between environmental strategy and environmental managerial performance. Moreover, the level of integration between regular and environmental management control systems significantly impacts the relationship between environmental management control systems and environmental managerial performance. Therefore, environmental management control systems are important mechanisms to translate environmental strategy into managerial performance, and a high level of integration can reinforce this role.Research limitations/implicationsThe typical shortcomings of survey-based research apply to this study.Originality/valueWhile previous research focuses primarily on environmental performance at the organizational level, this study addresses individual managerial performance with regard to environmental outcomes. In addition, the authors investigate how the level of integration between regular and environmental management control systems influences the relationship between environmental strategy and environmental managerial performance as well as the mediating role of environmental management control systems.
Subsidiary ownership decisions by bank holding companies
Authors: Lu Wenling , Chiou Wan-Jiun Paul 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This study aims to examine the intertemporal changes in the institutional ownership of publicly traded bank holding companies (BHCs) in the USA. The role of owned-subsidiary investing in the portfolio decisions is investigated as compared to unaffiliated banks and non-bank institutional investors.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors apply panel regressions that control bank-fixed and time-fixed effects to study the impact of prudence, liquidity, information advantages and historical returns on each type of the institutional ownership from 1986 to 2014.

Findings
The subsidiary banks tend to invest in more shares of their parent BHCs when they are traded for a short period of time and when they have low-market risk, low turnover, a low capital equity ratio and great reliance on off-balance activities. However, the impact of these determinants of institutional ownership is opposite for unaffiliated banks and non-bank institutions.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides evidence that the criteria used by subsidiary banks to invest in their parent company stock are different than the unaffiliated banks and non-bank institutions, raising concerns about the owned-subsidiary investing activities and banks’ trustees’ duty to work in the best interest of their trust clients.

Originality/value
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the level and market value of BHC institutional ownership over the past three decades and the impact of different determinants on the ownership of BHCs by subsidiary banks, unaffiliated banks and non-bank institutional investors.