bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of feasible outcome evaluations: Developing stakeholder‐informed outcomes in a randomized controlled trial for children’s respite workers receiving pain training
Authors: Genik Lara M. , McMurtry C. Meghan , Barata Paula C. , Barney Chantel C. , Lewis Stephen P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivePain is common for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. It is critical that caregivers have adequate pain assessment and management knowledge. The Let’s Talk About Pain program has shown promise to provide pain‐related knowledge and skills to respite workers; however, more systematic evaluation of the program is needed. This study aims to support Let’s Talk About Pain’s RCT development by using stakeholder input to help determine a feasible approach for collecting behaviorally based outcomes. A secondary aim is to discuss relevant considerations and implications for others in the disability field conducting similar work.Methods/DesignFour employees in children’s respite organizations completed telephone interviews lasting approximately fifteen minutes and a questionnaire about feasible data collection approaches.ResultsThe use of questionnaire and focus group methodology was determined to be the most feasible method to evaluate participants’ pain‐related approaches in practice.ConclusionsSpecial consideration should be made when making methodological‐related choices during study development to help ensure study feasibility. The iterative approach described in this paper may also be helpful in clinical settings when designing program evaluations to enhance feasibility and suitability; it is particularly important for multifaceted organizations supporting individuals with complex needs including those with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
A local similarity transformed equation of motion approach for calculating excited states
Authors: Izsák Róbert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe efficient and accurate calculation of excitation energies and properties for large molecular systems remains a challenge. In this perspective, local implementation of the similarity‐transformed equation of motion‐coupled cluster method will be briefly outlined, and its current uses and future potentials will be shortly summarized. The available calculations using this new method suggest that it can be applied to a variety of large systems, for which it delivers accurate results.
High‐dose, short‐term corticosteroids for ARDS caused by COVID‐19: a case series
Authors: So Clara , Ro Shosei , Murakami Manabu , Imai Ryosuke , Jinta Torahiko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe report a case series of seven mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) who received early treatment with high‐dose, short‐term systemic corticosteroids to prevent cytokine overproduction. Of the seven patients, four were male and median age was 69 years. They were intubated within seven days after admission when their respiratory status rapidly worsened. At that time, we administered 1000 or 500 mg/day for three days of methylprednisolone intravenously, followed by 1 mg/kg and tapered off. The median duration for the total administration of corticosteroids was 13 days. This high‐dose, short‐term corticosteroid therapy enabled extubation of the patients within seven days. Many questions on the clinical management of COVID‐19 remain unanswered, and data on corticosteroid therapy as a choice of treatment are mixed. We present the clinical course of our cases, review the previous evidence, and discuss management.
A Short and Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐(2S,3S,5S)‐epi‐Muscarine
Authors: Gehlawat Anju , Prakash Ranjana , Kumar Pandey Satyendra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA short, efficient and novel enantioselective general approach for the synthesis of muscarine alkaloid and its application to the asymmetric synthesis of epi‐muscarine from readily available (R)‐PMB glycidyl ether as starting material is described. Key transformations include Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD), regioselective epoxide ring opening and intramolecular SN2 cyclization.
Highly efficient chloramphenicol degradation by UV and UV/H2O2 processes based on LED light source
Authors: Wu Mengyi , Tang Yulin , Liu Qianhong , Tan Zhenjiao , Wang Mu , Xu Bin , Xia Shengji , Mao Shun , Gao Naiyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, UV‐LED was employed as a novel light source to investigate the degradation of a representative antibiotic compound, chloramphenicol (CAP), in the absence or presence of H2O2. The UV‐LED irradiation showed a higher capability for degradation of CAP than conventional UV‐Hg vapor lamps. Effects of the initial CAP concentration, UV wavelength, and light intensity on the degradation of CAP by UV‐LED were evaluated. Introduction of H2O2 evidently enhanced the degradation efficiency of CAP due to the production of reactive hydroxyl radicals. Results showed that the UV‐LED/H2O2 removed CAP by up to 95% within 60 min at pH 5.0, which was twice as that achieved by the UV‐LED alone. The degradation products were identified to propose plausible degradation pathways. Moreover, the formation potentials of typical carbonaceous disinfection by‐products (C‐DBPs) and nitrogenous disinfection by‐products (N‐DBPs) were assessed for the CAP polluted water treated by the UV‐LED alone and UV‐LED/H2O2 processes. Results indicate unintended formation of certain DBPs, thereby highlighting the importance of health risk assessments before practical application. This study opens a new avenue for developing environment‐friendly and high‐performance UV‐LED photocatalytic reactors for abatement of CAP pollution in water.Practitioner points

UV‐LED bore higher capability to degrade CAP than low‐pressure Hg lamp.

The optimal performance to degrade CAP can be achieved at the UV wavelength of 280 nm.

The degradation efficiency under UV‐LED/H2O2 process was double of that under UV‐LED process.

TCM, DCAN, and TCNM formation were higher under the existence of UV‐LED radiation.

The addition of H2O2 had greater influence on the formation of DCAcAm than the introduction of UV‐LED.
Migräne im Kindes- und Jugendalter – Ausblick auf innovative Behandlungsansätze im Rahmen multimodaler Therapiekonzepte
Authors: Bonfert Michaela Veronika , Börner Corinna , Gerstl Lucia , Hannibal Iris , Mathonia Nina , Huß Kristina , Rahmsdorf Birte , Kainz Christina , Klose Birgit , Koenig Helene , Urban Giada , Schandelmaier Paul , Renner Tabea , Albers Lucia , Krieg Sandro Manuel , Sollmann Nico , Heinen Florian , Landgraf Mirjam Natascha 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Migräne ist auch im Kindes- und Jugendalter ein häufiges, aber in klinischer Versorgung und Wissenschaft oft unterrepräsentiertes Krankheitsbild. Gerade im Kindes- und Jugendalter bestehen relevante Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität durch das (häufige) Schmerzerfahren. Bedingt durch die entwicklungsspezifisch hohe Vulnerabilität des adoleszenten Gehirns besteht ein hohes Chronifizierungs- und Persistenzrisiko bis ins Erwachsenenalter hinein. In diesem Beitrag werden die Bestandteile eines patientenzentrierten, multimodalen Therapiekonzepts dargestellt. Darüber hinaus werden die aktuellsten Erkenntnisse zu den pathophysiologischen Grundlagen der Migräneerkrankung beleuchtet, nach denen Migräne durch einen sich phasenweise verändernden Funktionszustand des Gehirns entsteht (Stichwort: „migraine is a brain state“). Auch periphere Komponenten wie Muskelschmerzen, -verspannungen und -triggerpunkte spielen eine wichtige Rolle. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden nichtpharmakologische innovative Therapieansätze vorgestellt, die auf dem Prinzip der Neuromodulation beruhen, mit Fokus auf der repetitiven peripheren Magnetstimulation.
Bildgebende Diagnostik patellofemoraler Störungen
Authors:   AGA Komitee Knie-Patellofemoral, Kappel P. , Liebensteiner M. 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Patellofemorale Störungen sind häufig. Zur diagnostischen Abklärung gehört neben einer spezifischen Anamnese und detaillierten körperlichen Untersuchung auch die bildgebende Diagnostik. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die verschiedenen bildgebenden Techniken darzustellen, die zur Diagnostik patellofemoraler Störungen angewandt werden.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine Suche der in der Literatur beschriebenen bildgebenden Techniken sowie der darin ersichtlichen Befunde bei patellofemoralen Störungen.

Ergebnisse
Die Bildgebung des Patellofemoralgelenks muss sowohl eine Beurteilung von Traumafolgen bzw. einer Degeneration des Gelenks als auch eine Analyse der für die patellofemorale Instabilität relevanten anatomischen Risikofaktoren ermöglichen. Die Basisdiagnostik hierfür stellt das Röntgen in 3 Ebenen dar. Eine Ganzbeinstandaufnahme ermöglicht die Detektion von Achsfehlstellungen. Der Goldstandard zur Bestimmung von Torsionsfehlern und dem TT-TG–Abstand (Distanz zwischen der Tuberositas tibiae und der Trochleagrube) ist die Computertomographie (CT). Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) ermöglicht eine dreidimensionale Darstellung der Weichteilstrukturen wie dem medialen patellofemoralen Ligament (MPFL) sowie eine Beurteilung der Trochleamorphologie. Die SPECT-CT („single photon emission computed tomography“) zur Darstellung des Knochenstoffwechsels bleibt speziellen Fragestellungen vorbehalten.

Diskussion
Die bildgebende Diagnostik patellofemoraler Störungen ist multimodal. Entsprechend der Fragestellung reicht die Diagnostik von der alleinigen Basisdiagnostik bis hin zu innovativen Untersuchungstechniken wie der SPECT-CT.
CSG: A new stochastic gradient method for the efficient solution of structural optimization problems with infinitely many states
Authors: Pflug Lukas , Bernhardt Niklas , Grieshammer Max , Stingl Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method for the solution of a particular class of structural optimzation problems: the continuous stochastic gradient method (CSG). In the simplest case, we assume that the objective function is given as an integral of a desired property over a continuous parameter set. The application of a quadrature rule for the approximation of the integral can give rise to artificial and undesired local minima. However, the CSG method does not rely on an approximation of the integral, instead utilizing gradient approximations from previous iterations in an optimal way. Although the CSG method does not require more than the solution of one state problem (of infinitely many) per optimization iteration, it is possible to prove in a mathematically rigorous way that the function value as well as the full gradient of the objective can be approximated with arbitrary precision in the course of the optimization process. Moreover, numerical experiments for a linear elastic problem with infinitely many load cases are described. For the chosen example, the CSG method proves to be clearly superior compared to the classic stochastic gradient (SG) and the stochastic average gradient (SAG) method.
Initial Operating Room Experience with Digital Variance Angiography in Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Lower Limb Interventions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gyánó Marcell , Csobay-Novák Csaba , Berczeli Márton , Góg István , Kiss János P. , Szigeti Krisztián , Osváth Szabolcs , Nemes Balázs 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In retrospective clinical studies digital variance angiography (DVA) provided higher contrast-to-noise ratio and better image quality than digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Our aim was to verify the clinical usefulness and benefits of DVA in carbon dioxide (CO2)-assisted lower limb interventions.

Materials and Methods
A workstation running the DVA software was integrated into a Siemens Artis Zee with Pure angiography system, and this new image processing technology was used in four patients (3 male, 1 female, age: 76.2 ± 4.2 years) with peripheral artery disease (PAD, Rutherford 2–3) and impaired renal function (average eGFR 25.5 ± 11.2 ml/min/1.73 m2). The DSA and DVA images of 46 CO2-assisted runs were visually evaluated by five experts in single-image evaluation using a 5-grade Likert scale and in paired comparisons.

Results
DVA images received significantly higher score (3.84 ± 0.10) than DSA images (3.31 ± 0.10, p < 0.001). Raters preferred DVA images in terms of diagnostic value and usefulness for therapeutic decisions in 85.2% and 83.9% of all comparisons, respectively. These benefits were achieved at lower frame rates (1–3 FPS) than usually recommended for CO2 angiography (4–6 FPS). No adverse events were recorded during or after the procedures.

Conclusions
Our initial experience shows that DVA might facilitate the correct diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, and potentially help to reduce radiation exposure in lower limb CO2 angiography. Although the dose management capabilities of DVA have to be validated in further clinical studies, this technology might be a useful new tool in the operating room and contributes to the safety and efficacy of CO2-enhanced endovascular interventions.

Level of Evidence
Level IV.
Fabrication of optical nanofibre-based cavities using focussed ion-beam milling: a review
Authors: Romagnoli Priscila , Maeda Maki , Ward Jonathan M. , Truong Viet Giang , Nic Chormaic Síle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNanofibre-based optical cavities are particularly useful for quantum optics applications, such as the development of integrated single-photon sources, and for studying fundamental light–matter interactions in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). Although several techniques have been used to produce such cavities, focussed ion beam (FIB) milling is becoming popular; it can be used for the fabrication of complex structures directly in the nanofibre. However, it is challenging to mill insulating materials with highly curved geometries and large aspect ratios, such as silica nanofibres, due to charge accumulation in the material. In this article, we highlight the main features of nanofibres and briefly review cQED with nanofibre-based optical cavities. An overview of the milling process is given with a summary of different FIB milled devices and their applications. Finally, we present our technique to produce nanofibre cavities by FIB milling. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, we present a specially designed base plate with an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated Si substrate and outline our procedure, which improves stability during milling and increases repeatability.
Capacity changes in German certified chest pain units during COVID-19 outbreak response
Authors: Settelmeier Stephan , Rassaf Tienush , Giannitsis Evangelos , Münzel Thomas , Breuckmann Frank 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
We sought to determine structure and changes in organisation and bed capacities of certified German chest pain units (CPU) in response to the emergency plan set-up as a response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods and results
The study was conducted in the form of a standardised telephone interview survey in certified German CPUs. Analyses comprised the overall setting of the CPU, bed capacities, possibilities for ventilation, possible changes in organisation and resources, chest pain patient admittance, overall availability of CPUs and bail-out strategies. The response rate was 91%. Nationwide, CPU bed capacities decreased by 3% in the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic response, exhibiting differences within and between the federal states. Pre-pandemic and pandemic bed capacities stayed below 1 CPU bed per 50,000 inhabitants. 97% of CPUs were affected by internal reorganisation pandemic plans at variable extent. While we observed a decrease of CPU beds within an emergency room (ER) set-up and on intermediate care units (ICU), beds in units being separated from ER and ICU were even increased in numbers.

Conclusions
Certified German CPUs are able to maintain adequate coverage for chest pain patients in COVID-19 pandemic despite structural changes. However, at this time, it appears important to add operating procedures during pandemic outbreaks to the certification criteria of forthcoming guidelines either at the individual CPU level or more centrally steered by the German Cardiac Society or the European Society of Cardiology.
Anomalous visual experience is linked to perceptual uncertainty and visual imagery vividness
Authors: Salge Johannes H. , Pollmann Stefan , Reeder Reshanne R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn imbalance between top-down and bottom-up processing on perception (specifically, over-reliance on top-down processing) can lead to anomalous perception, such as illusions. One factor that may be involved in anomalous perception is visual mental imagery, which is the experience of “seeing” with the mind’s eye. There are vast individual differences in self-reported imagery vividness, and more vivid imagery is linked to a more sensory-like experience. We, therefore, hypothesized that susceptibility to anomalous perception is linked to individual imagery vividness. To investigate this, we adopted a paradigm that is known to elicit the perception of faces in pure visual noise (pareidolia). In four experiments, we explored how imagery vividness contributes to this experience under different response instructions and environments. We found strong evidence that people with more vivid imagery were more likely to see faces in the noise, although removing suggestive instructions weakened this relationship. Analyses from the first two experiments led us to explore confidence as another factor in pareidolia proneness. We, therefore, modulated environment noise and added a confidence rating in a novel design. We found strong evidence that pareidolia proneness is correlated with uncertainty about real percepts. Decreasing perceptual ambiguity abolished the relationship between pareidolia proneness and both imagery vividness and confidence. The results cannot be explained by incidental face-like patterns in the noise, individual variations in response bias, perceptual sensitivity, subjective perceptual thresholds, viewing distance, testing environments, motivation, gender, or prosopagnosia. This indicates a critical role of mental imagery vividness and perceptual uncertainty in anomalous perceptual experience.
Review 1: Lung transplant—from donor selection to graft preparation
Authors: Jin Zhaosheng , Hana Zac , Alam Azeem , Rajalingam Shamala , Abayalingam Mayavan , Wang Zhiping , Ma Daqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor various end-stage lung diseases, lung transplantation remains one of the only viable treatment options. While the demand for lung transplantation has steadily risen over the last few decades, the availability of donor grafts is limited, which have resulted in progressively longer waiting lists. In the early years of lung transplantation, only the ‘ideal’ donor grafts are considered for transplantation. Due to the donor shortages, there is ongoing discussion about the safe use of ‘suboptimal’ grafts to expand the donor pool. In this review, we will discuss the considerations around donor selection, donor-recipient matching, graft preparation and graft optimisation.
Interpreting the results of early skin tests after perioperative anaphylaxis requires special attention: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Orihara Masaki , Takazawa Tomonori , Nagumo Kazuhiro , Sakamoto Shinya , Horiuchi Tatsuo , Saito Shigeru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSkin tests are the gold standard for detecting the culprit drug of anaphylaxis, and should ideally be performed after an interval of 4–6 weeks after the reaction to avoid false-negative results. However, when re-operation cannot be delayed and early allergy tests are necessary, special attention is required during subsequent anesthesia, because early skin tests tend to produce false-negative results. This report presents a case of rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis in which early skin tests showed negative results for all the drugs tested. The second anesthesia was safely performed by avoiding all the drugs used for the first anesthesia. Ultimately, skin tests and basophil activation tests (BATs) performed after re-operation demonstrated rocuronium as the drug responsible for anaphylaxis. We recommend performing BATs in addition to skin tests to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of anaphylaxis. In this report, we also discuss interpretation of the results of early skin tests and subsequent selection of drugs for anesthesia. After postponement of surgery due to anaphylaxis, we are often required to perform allergy tests at an early stage if re-operation cannot be delayed. In such cases, skin test results alone should not be used to guide subsequent anesthesia management to avoid recurrent anaphylaxis.
The Role of Mining Intensity and Pre-existing Fracture Attributes on Spatial, Temporal and Magnitude Characteristics of Microseismicity in Longwall Coal Mining
Authors: Cao Wenzhuo , Durucan Sevket , Cai Wu , Shi Ji-Quan , Korre Anna , Jamnikar Sergej , Rošer Janez , Lurka Adam , Siata Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKnowledge regarding microseismic characteristics associated with longwall coal mining is crucial in evaluating the potential for underground mining hazards. Although microseismicity is induced by mining activities, it still remains uncertain as to what extent mining activities influence the spatial, temporal, and magnitude characteristics of microseismicity. To establish a thorough understanding of the relationship between microseismic characteristics and mining activities, a 27-month long microseismic monitoring campaign was conducted around a highly stressed coal zone and eight producing longwall panels at Coal Mine Velenje in Slovenia. Each microseismic event was classified to be associated with the producing longwall panel that triggered it, and the microseismic response to multi-panel longwall top coal caving face advance was analysed. Monitoring data have shown that locations of microseismic events coincided with stress concentrated regions. It was established that both seismic count and energy-intensive regions associated with coal mining in different panels are spatially connected, but they do not fully overlap with mined-out or stress concentrated areas. In addition, microseismic event counts frequency was found to be well correlated with mining intensity, while seismic energy magnitude and spatial distribution are poorly correlated with the same. Therefore, microseismic characteristics could not be explained solely by the mining-induced stress transfer and mining intensity, but are believed to be dominated by pre-existing natural fractures throughout the coal seam. Analyses of these observations helped the development of a conceptual seismic-generation model, which provides new insights into the causes of microseismicity in coal mining.