bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inductive Risk, Science, and Values: A Reply to MacGillivray
Authors: Hicks Daniel J. , Magnus P. D. , Wright Jessey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe argument from inductive risk (AIR) is perhaps the most common argument against the value‐free ideal of science. Brian MacGillivray rejects the AIR (at least as it would apply to risk assessment) and embraces the value‐free ideal. We clarify the issues at stake and argue that MacGillivray's criticisms, although effective against some formulations of the AIR, fail to overcome the essential concerns that motivate the AIR. There are inevitable trade‐offs in scientific enquiry that cannot be resolved with any formal methods or general rules. Choices must be made, and values will be involved. It is best to recognize this explicitly. Even so, there is more work to be done developing methods and institutional support for these choices.
Hand‐Hygiene Mitigation Strategies Against Global Disease Spreading through the Air Transportation Network
Authors: Nicolaides Christos , Avraam Demetris , Cueto‐Felgueroso Luis , González Marta C. , Juanes Ruben 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe risk for a global transmission of flu‐type viruses is strengthened by the physical contact between humans and accelerated through individual mobility patterns. The Air Transportation System plays a critical role in such transmissions because it is responsible for fast and long‐range human travel, while its building components—the airports—are crowded, confined areas with usually poor hygiene. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) consider hand hygiene as the most efficient and cost‐effective way to limit disease propagation. Results from clinical studies reveal the effect of hand washing on individual transmissibility of infectious diseases. However, its potential as a mitigation strategy against the global risk for a pandemic has not been fully explored. Here, we use epidemiological modeling and data‐driven simulations to elucidate the role of individual engagement with hand hygiene inside airports in conjunction with human travel on the global spread of epidemics. We find that, by increasing travelers engagement with hand hygiene at all airports, a potential pandemic can be inhibited by 24% to 69%. In addition, we identify 10 airports at the core of a cost‐optimal deployment of the hand‐washing mitigation strategy. Increasing hand‐washing rate at only those 10 influential locations, the risk of a pandemic could potentially drop by up to 37%. Our results provide evidence for the effectiveness of hand hygiene in airports on the global spread of infections that could shape the way public‐health policy is implemented with respect to the overall objective of mitigating potential population health crises.
Single Versus Multiple Monitoring Periods for Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity in Medial Knee Osteoarthritis and Asymptomatic Controls
Authors: Costello Kerry E. , Astephen Wilson Janie L. , Hubley-Kozey Cheryl L. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: 1) To compare group-level physical activity calculated from a single versus multiple non-consecutive, one-week accelerometer monitoring periods in individuals with medial-compartment knee osteoarthritis and asymptomatic controls; and 2) to examine agreement among these estimates of physical activity at the individual-level. Methods: Accelerometer data from 38 individuals with knee osteoarthritis and 47 asymptomatic individuals was collected during three non-consecutive monitoring periods over one year. General linear models examined the effects of number of sessions averaged (one, two, or three) and group on light and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, step count, and sedentary behavior. Bland Altman analyses examined agreement between one-, two-, and/or three-session averages. Results: There were no sessions by group interactions. There was a main effect of sessions for sedentary behavior that was borderline significant when expressed as percent wear time. Limits of agreement indicated that two-session average versus single-session metrics could differ by ±50 minutes for light physical activity, ±20 minutes for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and ±2100 steps per day. Conclusions: These data suggest that objective physical activity monitoring practices might differ between clinical research, where group data are compared, and clinical decision making, where individual data are compared. Good estimates of group level differences in step count, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were found using a single session of accelerometer data, but a single session of sedentary behavior data should take wear time into account. The large limits of agreement indicate that multiple sessions may be needed to compare these metrics among or within individuals.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for patients with early gastric cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tao Maogen , Zhou Xiaobo , Hu Meiqing , Pan Jun 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the treatment effects of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) versus endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early gastric cancer (EGC).DesignMeta-analysis.MethodsWe systematically searched three electronic databases, including PubMed, EmBase and the Cochrane library for studies published with inception to January 2018. The eligible studies should be evaluated for the efficacy and safety of ESD versus EMR for patients with EGC. The summary ORs and standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs were employed as effect estimates. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of single study on overall analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed for investigated outcomes to evaluate the treatment effects of ESD versus EMR for patients with EGC with specific subsets.ResultsEighteen studies, with a total of 6723 patients with EGC, were included in final analysis. The summary ORs indicated that patients with EGC who received ESD were associated with an increased incidence of en bloc resection (OR: 9.00; 95% CI: 6.66 to 12.17; p<0.001), complete resection (OR: 8.43; 95% CI: 5.04 to 14.09; p<0.001) and curative resection (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.85 to 4.61; p<0.001) when compared with EMR. Furthermore, ESD was associated with lower risk of local recurrence (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.34; p<0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference between ESD and EMR for the risk of bleeding (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.80; p=0.203). Though, ESD was correlated with greater risk of perforation (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.48 to 4.39; p=0.001), and longer operation time (SMD: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.13 to 2.10; p=0.026) as compared with EMR. Additionally, several different features observed in included studies and patients could bias the effectiveness of ESD versus EMR in patients with EGC.ConclusionsESD is superior than EMR for en bloc resection, complete resection, curative resection and local recurrence, while it increased perforation risk and longer operation time.
The Only Eye Study (OnES): a qualitative study of surgeon experiences of only eye surgery and recommendations for patient safety
Authors: Jones Lee , Taylor Deanna J , Sii Freda , Masood Imran , Crabb David P , Shah Peter 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivePerforming surgery on patients with only one seeing-eye, where complications may result in catastrophic vision loss, presents unique challenges for the ophthalmic care team. There is currently no evidence regarding how surgeons augment their care when treating only eye patients and no guidelines for how these patients should be managed in hospital eye services. This study aimed to explore ophthalmic surgeons’ experiences of only eye surgery and perceptions of current practice.Design and participantsTen ophthalmic surgeons were asked to relate their experiences and views on performing only eye surgery in indepth, semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis to identify key themes.SettingHospital eye service.ResultsFive key themes emerged relating to surgeons’ experiences and perceptions of only eye surgery: (1) differences in approach to consent, (2) strategies for risk reduction, (3) unmet training needs, (4) value of surgical mentor and (5) emotional impact of unsuccessful outcomes. Recommendations for improving the surgical journey for both the patient and the surgeon related primarily to better recognition and understanding of the complexities inherent with only eye surgery.ConclusionsOutcomes of only eye surgery may be improved through a number of methods, including development of purpose-designed training fellowships, adoption of stress-reducing strategies and enhancement of available support services. The findings identify emerging themes unique to only eye surgery and the need for guidelines on the provision of care for these high-stakes surgical patients.
Association between blood circulating vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk in Asian countries: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zou Huachun , Zhao Yang , Hu Chunlei , Atanda Adejare , Qin Xuzhen , Jia Peng , Jiang Yu , Qi Zhihong 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the association between blood circulating vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer risk in the Asian population.DesignThis is a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies that investigated the relationship between blood circulating vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer risk in the Asian population.Data sourcesRelevant studies were identified through a literature search in Medline, Embase and Web of Science from 1st January 1980 to 31st January 2019. Eligibility criteria: original studies published in peer-reviewed journals investigating the association between blood circulating vitamin D levels and the risk of colorectal cancer and/or adenoma in Asian countries.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. Study-specific ORs were pooled using a random-effects model. A dose-response meta-analysis was performed with generalised least squares regression. We applied the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment to evaluate the quality of the selected studies.ResultsThe eight included studies encompassed a total of 2916 cases and 6678 controls. The pooled ORs of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest categories of blood circulating vitamin D levels was 0.75 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.97) up to 36.5 ng/mL in the Asian population. There was heterogeneity among the studies (I2=53.9%,Pheterogeneity=0.034). The dose-response meta-analysis indicated a significant linear relationship (Pnon-linearity=0.11). An increment of 16 ng/mL in blood circulating vitamin D level corresponded to an OR of 0.79 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.97).ConclusionsThe results of this meta‐analysis indicate that blood circulating vitamin D level is associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer in Asian countries. The dose-response meta-analysis shows that the strength of this association among the Asian population is similar to that among the Western population. Our study suggests that the Asian population should improve nutritional status and maintain a higher level of blood circulating vitamin D.
Long-term outcomes in patients with severe depression after in-hospital treatment – study protocol of the depression long-term Augsburg (DELTA) study
Authors: Kirchberger Inge , Maleckar Barbara , Meisinger Christine , Linseisen Jakob , Schmauss Max , Baumgärtner Jessica 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionDepressive disorders are very common diseases entailing a great burden on affected people. However, comprehensive information on long-term disease course in patients with severe depression is lacking so far. The objectives of the DELTA study are to examine long-term outcomes and their predicting factors, to assess clinical response of antidepressant pharmacotherapy by applying therapeutic drug monitoring, to identify predictors of therapeutic non-response, to describe the long-term healthcare utilisation and to investigate the role of biomarkers in disease course.Methods and analysisA cohort study including all adult hospitalised cases (age range 18 to 75 years) of severe major depression who are admitted to the Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg is established. It is planned to include 300 patients. During the hospital stay, information is gathered through personal interview, self-administered questionnaires, cognitive tests and chart review. Furthermore, biomaterials are collected. After hospital discharge, patients are repeatedly re-examined over time (3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months) to collect information about mortality, relapse, depression severity, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), perceived stigma, cognitive functions, diet, physical activity, treatment and healthcare utilisation. Follow-up blood samples are collected to determine therapeutic drug levels. The primary study aim is to investigate long-term therapeutic response, survival, relapse, HRQOL and cognitive functions. Survival time and time to relapse or re-hospitalisation will be analysed using Cox regression models. Changes of HRQOL, depressive symptoms and cognitive functions over time will be examined using generalised linear regression models for repeated measures or mixed models. Correlates of the disease course will be modelled using suitable generalised linear, mixed, estimating equation and growth curve models.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (date of approval: 23 October 2017, reference number: 17–625). Study results will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
What are the chances for personalised treatment with antidepressants? Detection of patient-by-treatment interaction with a variance ratio meta-analysis
Authors: Plöderl Martin , Hengartner Michael Pascal 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate if the treatment effect of antidepressants in patients with depression substantially varies in each patient (patient-by-treatment interaction or treatment heterogeneity), a necessary but largely unexplored prerequisite of personalised antidepressant treatment.DesignMeta-analytic variance comparison of treatment outcome between drug arms and placebo arms of clinical trials, based on the assumption that patient-by-treatment interaction should lead to larger variances in drug arms than placebo arms. To put the results into context, we run simple simulations, assuming different definitions and rates of those who respond especially well to antidepressants.Data sources163 randomised, placebo-controlled trials (51 396 patients) with complete results for pre–post differences, selected from a recently published systematic review.AnalysisVariance ratios (VRs) and coefficients of variance ratios (CVRs) of individual trials were meta-analytically combined. The analysis was repeated for classes of antidepressants and specific antidepressants.ResultsVRs (VR=1.01, CI 0.99 to 1.02) and CVRs (CVR=0.82, CI 0.80 to 0.84) of the antidepressant-treatment arms were comparable or smaller than in placebo arms. Similar results were observed for classes of antidepressants and for specific antidepressants. Our simulation analysis confirmed that equal VRs can only be obtained if they are not more than a few patients who respond slightly above average.ConclusionsThe lack of increased treatment-outcome variance in the antidepressants versus placebo groups in randomised controlled trials indicates that no or only very small subgroups of patients respond particularly well to antidepressants. Thus, the scope for personalised treatment with antidepressants seems to be limited.
Safety and cost analysis of selective histopathological examination following appendicectomy and cholecystectomy (FANCY study): protocol and statistical analysis plan of a prospective observational multicentre study
Authors: Bastiaenen Vivian P , Corten Bartholomeus JGA , de Savornin Lohman Elise AJ , de Jonge Joske , Kraima Anne C , Swank Hilko A , van Vliet Jaap LP , van Acker Gijs JD , van Geloven Anna AW , in 't Hof Klaas H , Koens Lianne , de Reuver Philip R , van Rossem Charles C , Slooter Gerrit D , Tanis Pieter J , Terpstra Valeska , Dijkgraaf Marcel GW , Bemelman Willem A 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionRoutine histopathological examination following appendicectomy and cholecystectomy has significant financial implications and comprises a substantial portion of the pathologists’ workload, while the incidence of unexpected pathology is low. The aim of the selective histopathological examination Following AppeNdicectomy and CholecystectomY (FANCY) study is to investigate the oncological safety and potential cost savings of selective histopathological examination based on macroscopic assessment performed by the surgeon.Methods and analysisThis is a Dutch multicentre prospective observational study, in which removed appendices and gallbladders will be systematically assessed by the operating surgeon for macroscopic abnormalities suspicious for malignant neoplasms. After visual inspection and digital palpation of the removed specimen, the operating surgeon will report whether macroscopic abnormalities suspicious for a malignant neoplasm are present, and if he or she believes additional microscopic examination by the pathologist is indicated. Regardless of the surgeon’s assessment, all specimens will be sent for histopathological examination. In this way, routine histopathological examination can be compared with a hypothetical situation in which specimens are routinely examined by surgeons and only sent to the pathologist on indication. The two main outcomes are oncological safety and potential cost savings of a selective policy. Oncological safety of selective histopathological examination will be assessed by calculating the number of patients in whom a histopathological diagnosis of an appendiceal neoplasm or gallbladder cancer with clinical consequences benefitting the patient would have been missed. A cost analysis will be performed to quantify the potential cost savings.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board of the Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, which decided that the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act is not applicable. In all participating centres, approval for execution of the FANCY study has been obtained from the local Institutional Review Board before the start of inclusion of patients. The study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Guidelines will be revised according to the findings of the study.Trial registration numberNCT03510923.
Predictive factors for sleep apnoea in patients on opioids for chronic pain
Authors: Chung Frances , Wong Jean , Bellingham Geoff , Lebovic Gerald , Singh Mandeep , Waseem Rida , Peng Philip , George Charles F P , Furlan Andrea , Bhatia Anuj , Clarke Hance , Juurlink David N , Mamdani Muhammad M , Horner Richard , Orser Beverley A , Ryan Clodagh M 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe risk of death is elevated in patients taking opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. Respiratory depression is the main cause of death due to opioids and sleep apnoea is an important associated risk factor.MethodsIn chronic pain clinics, we assessed the STOP-Bang questionnaire (a screening tool for sleep apnoea;Snoring,Tiredness,Observed apnoea, high bloodPressure,Body mass index, age, neck circumference and male gender), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, thyromental distance, Mallampati classification, daytime oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO2) and calculated daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) approximations for each participant, and performed an inlaboratory polysomnogram. The primary objective was to determine the predictive factors for sleep apnoea in patients on chronic opioid therapy using multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsOf 332 consented participants, 204 underwent polysomnography, and 120 (58.8%) had sleep apnoea (AHI ≥5) (72% obstructive, 20% central and 8% indeterminate sleep apnoea), with a high prevalence of moderate (23.3%) and severe (30.8%) sleep apnoea. The STOP-Bang questionnaire and SpO2are predictive factors for sleep apnoea (AHI ≥15) in patients on opioids for chronic pain. For each one-unit increase in the STOP-Bang score, the odds of moderate-to-severe sleep apnoea (AHI ≥15) increased by 70%, and for each 1% SpO2decrease the odds increased by 33%. For each 10 mg MME increase, the odds of Central Apnoea Index ≥5 increased by 3%, and for each 1% SpO2decrease the odds increased by 45%.ConclusionIn patients on opioids for chronic pain, the STOP-Bang questionnaire and daytime SpO2are predictive factors for sleep apnoea, and MME and daytime SpO2are predictive factors for Central Apnoea Index ≥5.Trial registration numberNCT02513836
Temperature and doping content independence of lifetime in Li2MgSiO4:Eu3+ phosphor
Authors: Tang Huidong , Yang Rong , Xiong Chao , Gao Wei 
Published: December 2019

Novel red light-emitting [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) phosphors were prepared by solid state reaction. The crystal phase structure and powder morphology were measured by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated. The excitation spectrum shows a wide coverage in the UV-Vis region, and the [Formula: see text] transition with the maximum peak of 613 nm governs the emission spectrum. The lifetime of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) phosphor is temperature-independent as well as the [Formula: see text] doping content because of the existence of defect. In [Formula: see text] lattice, the Eu[Formula: see text] ions substitute for the [Formula: see text] ions, and the charge compensation mechanism could be ascribed to the dipole complex ([Formula: see text]) combined by [Formula: see text] vacancy ([Formula: see text]) and positive charge ([Formula: see text]).
The Deubiquitinase USP38 Promotes NHEJ Repair through Regulation of HDAC1 Activity and Regulates Cancer Cell Response to Genotoxic Insults
Authors: Yang Yongfeng , Yang Chuanzhen , Li Tingting , Yu Shuyu , Gan Tingting , Hu Jiazhi , Cui Jun , Zheng Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The DNA damage response (DDR) is essential for maintaining genome integrity. Mounting evidence reveals that protein modifications play vital roles in the DDR. Here, we show that USP38 is involved in the DDR by regulating the activity of HDAC1. In response to DNA damage, USP38 interacted with HDAC1 and specifically removed the K63-linked ubiquitin chain promoting the deacetylase activity of HDAC1. As a result, HDAC1 was able to deacetylate H3K56. USP38 deletion resulted in persistent focal accumulation of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) factors at DNA damage sites and impaired NHEJ efficiency, causing genome instability and sensitizing cancer cells to genotoxic insults. Knockout of USP38 rendered mice hypersensitive to irradiation and shortened survival. In addition, USP38 was expressed at low levels in certain types of cancers including renal cell carcinoma, indicating dysregulation of USP38 expression contributes to genomic instability and may lead to tumorigenesis. In summary, this study identifies a critical role of USP38 in modulating genome integrity and cancer cell resistance to genotoxic insults by deubiquitinating HDAC1 and regulating its deacetylation activity.

Significance:
This study demonstrates that USP38 regulates genome stability and mediates cancer cell resistance to DNA-damaging therapy, providing insight into tumorigenesis and implicating USP38 as a potential target for cancer diagnosis.