bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a clinical examination to differentiate a cervicogenic source of headache: a diagnostic prediction model using controlled diagnostic blocks
Authors: Getsoian Scott L , Gulati Surendra M , Okpareke Ikenna , Nee Robert J , Jull Gwendolen A 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesNeck pain commonly accompanies recurrent headaches such as migraine, tension-type and cervicogenic headache. Neck pain may be part of the headache symptom complex or a local source. Patients commonly seek neck treatment to alleviate headache, but this is only indicated when cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction is the source of pain. Clinical presentation of reduced cervical extension, painful cervical joint dysfunction and impaired muscle function collectively has been shown to identify cervicogenic headache among patients with recurrent headaches. The pattern’s validity has not been tested against the ‘gold standard’ of controlled diagnostic blocks. This study assessed the validity of this pattern of cervical musculoskeletal signs to identify a cervical source of headache and neck pain, against controlled diagnostic blocks, in patients with headache and neck pain.DesignProspective concurrent validity study that employed a diagnostic model building approach to analysis.SettingHospital-based multidisciplinary outpatient clinic in Joliet, Illinois.ParticipantsA convenience sample of participants who presented to a headache clinic with recurrent headaches associated with neck pain. Sixty participants were enrolled and thirty were included in the analysis.Outcome measuresParticipants underwent a clinical examination consisting of relevant tests of cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction. Controlled diagnostic blocks of C2/C3–C3/C4 established a cervical source of neck pain. Penalised logistic regression identified clinical signs to be included in a diagnostic model that best predicted participants’ responses to diagnostic blocks.ResultsTen of thirty participants responded to diagnostic blocks. The full pattern of cervical musculoskeletal signs best predicted participants’ responses (expected prediction error = 0.57) and accounted for 65% of the variance in responses.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the validity of the musculoskeletal pattern to identify a cervical source of headache and neck pain. Adopting this criterion pattern may strengthen cervicogenic headache diagnosis and inform differential diagnosis of neck pain accompanying migraine and tension-type headache.
Construction of the secondary care administrative records frailty (SCARF) index and validation on older women with operable invasive breast cancer in England and Wales: a cohort study
Authors: Jauhari Yasmin , Gannon Melissa Ruth , Dodwell David , Horgan Kieran , Clements Karen , Medina Jibby , Tsang Carmen , Robinson Thompson , Tang Sarah Shuk-Kay , Pettengell Ruth , Cromwell David A 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesStudies that use national datasets to evaluate the management of older women with breast cancer are often constrained by a lack of information on patient fitness. This study constructed a frailty index for use with secondary care administrative records and evaluated its ability to improve models of treatment patterns and overall survival in women with breast cancer.DesignRetrospective cohort study.ParticipantsWomen aged ≥50 years with oestrogen receptor (ER) positive early invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 in England.MethodsThe secondary care administrative records frailty (SCARF) index was based on the cumulative deficit model of frailty, using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death, 10th revision codes to define a set of deficits. The index was applied to administrative records that were linked to national cancer registry datasets. The ability of the SCARF index to improve the performance of regression models to explain observed variation in the rate of surgery and overall survival was evaluated using Harrell’s c-statistic and decision curve analysis. External validation was performed on a dataset of similar women diagnosed in Wales.ResultsThe SCARF index captured 32 deficits that cover functional impairment, geriatric syndromes, problems with nutrition, cognition and mood, and medical comorbidities. In the English dataset (n=67 925), the prevalence of frailty in women aged 50–69, 70–79 and ≥80 years was 15%, 28% and 47%, respectively. Adding a frailty measure to regression models containing age, tumour characteristics and comorbidity improved their ability to: (1) discriminate between whether a woman was likely to have surgery and (2) predict overall survival. Similar results were obtained when the models were applied to the Welsh cohort (n=4 230).ConclusionThe SCARF index provides a simple and consistent method to identify frailty in population level data and could help describe differences in breast cancer treatments and outcomes.
Effect of a formalised discharge process which includes electronic delivery of prescriptions to pharmacies on the incidence of delayed prescription retrieval
Authors: Sachedina Ayaaz Kazmir , Mota Sonia , Lorenzin Julie , Allegretti Marlene , Leyser Maureen , Gob Alan , McKelvie Robert 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundLack of prescription adherence after discharge from the inpatient hospital setting is a barrier to the delivery of optimal patient care. Non-adherence to medication for cardiac diseases can lead to substantial morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Electronic delivery of prescriptions by fax is a potential method of improving patient satisfaction and reducing pharmacy wait times.MethodsThis study was completed in the cardiology inpatient wards at a hospital in London, Ontario, Canada. ‘Delayed prescription retrieval’ was defined as the retrieval of a prescribed medication by a patient from their local pharmacy after the documented calendar day of discharge. The current discharge process on the cardiology wards was assessed and an initial monitoring period of study participants was completed to determine the baseline delayed prescription retrieval rate (preintervention group). A formalised discharge process, which included electronic delivery of prescriptions to pharmacies by fax, was implemented for study participants (postintervention group). The rate of delayed prescription retrieval was assessed in both groups.Results15 of 42 patients (35.7%) in the preintervention group and 9 of 72 (14.3%) in the postintervention group had delayed prescription retrieval suggesting relative and absolute risk reductions of 65% and 23.2% (p=0.0045). Of the participants with delayed prescription retrieval, 100% in the preintervention group and 77.8% in the postintervention group were due a new prescribed medication on the day of discharge.ConclusionsPatients who experienced a formalised discharge process, which included electronic delivery of prescriptions by fax, at the time of discharge from cardiac inpatient care had a lower rate of delayed prescription retrieval. Future studies are required to examine the impact of formal discharge processes on patient morbidity and mortality.
Apatinib plus camrelizumab (anti-PD1 therapy, SHR-1210) for advanced osteosarcoma (APFAO) progressing after chemotherapy: a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial
Authors: Xie Lu , Xu Jie , Sun Xin , Guo Wei , Gu Jin , Liu Kuisheng , Zheng Bingxin , Ren Tingting , Huang Yi , Tang Xiaodong , Yan Taiqiang , Yang Rongli , Sun Kunkun , Shen Danhua , Li Yuan 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundResults of our previous study showed high objective response but short-term activity of apatinib in advanced osteosarcoma. We aimed to investigate the activity of apatinib in combination with camrelizumab in patients with inoperable high-grade osteosarcoma progressing after chemotherapy.MethodsThis open-label, phase 2 trial was conducted at Peking University People’s Hospital. We enrolled patients with advanced osteosarcoma progressed after chemotherapy. Patients received 500 mg apatinib orally once daily plus 200 mg camrelizumab by intravenous infusion every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and clinical benefit rate at 6 months, which were based on RECIST V.1.1.Results43 patients were enrolled between January 25 and September 4, 2018. With median follow-up time of 48.3 (Q1, Q3, 30.6, 66.6) weeks, 13 (30.23%, 95% CI 17.2%, 40.1%) of 43 patients were progression free at 6 months and the 6-month PFS rate was 50.9% (95% CI 34.6%, 65.0%). Until final follow-up, the objective response rate was 20.9% (9/43) and two patients with durable disease control were observed. Patients with programmed cell death 1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score ≥5% and pulmonary metastases tended to have a longer PFS in comparison to the others (p=0.004 and 0.017, respectively). Toxic effects led to dose reductions, or interruptions, or both in 24 (55.8%) of 43 patients and permanent discontinuation in 4 (9.3%) patients. There were no treatment-related deaths.ConclusionsAlthough the combination of apatinib and camrelizumab seemed to prolong PFS in comparison to single agent apatinib in treating advanced osteosarcoma, it did not reach the prespecified target of 6-month PFS of 60% or greater. Overexpression of PD-L1 and the presence of pulmonary metastases only were associated with longer PFS.Trial registration numberNCT03359018.
Human X chromosome exome sequencing identifiesBCORL1as contributor to spermatogenesis
Authors: Lu Chuncheng , Zhang Yan , Qin Yufeng , Xu Qiaoqiao , Zhou Ran , Cui Yiqiang , Zhu Yunfei , Zhang Xin , Zhang Jintao , Wei Xiang , Wang Min , Hang Bo , Mao Jian-Hua , Snijders Antoine M , Liu Mingxi , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing , Zhou Zuomin , Guo Xuejiang , Wu Xin , Wang Xinru , Xia Yankai 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundInfertility affects approximately 15% of couples worldwide with male infertility being responsible for approximately 50% of cases. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates the critical role of the X chromosome in spermatogenesis during the last few decades, the expression patterns and potential impact of the X chromosome, together with X linked genes, on male infertility are less well understood.MethodsWe performed X chromosome exome sequencing followed by a two-stage independent population validation in 1333 non-obstructive azoospermia cases and 1141 healthy controls to identify variant classes with high likelihood of pathogenicity. To explore the functions of these candidate genes in spermatogenesis, we first knocked down these candidate genes individually in mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) using short interfering RNA oligonucleotides and then generated candidate genes knockout mice by CRISPR-Cas9 system.ResultsFour low-frequency variants were identified in four genes (BCORL1,MAP7D3,ARMCX4andH2BFWT) associated with male infertility. Functional studies of the mouse SSCs revealed that knocking downBcorl1orMtap7d3could inhibit SSCs self-renewal and knocking downArmcx4could repress SSCs differentiation in vitro. Using CRISPR-Cas9 system,Bcorl1andMtap7d3knockout mice were generated. Excitingly,Bcorl1knockout mice were infertile with impaired spermatogenesis. Moreover,Bcorl1knockout mice exhibited impaired sperm motility and sperm cells displayed abnormal mitochondrial structure.ConclusionOur data indicate that the X-linked genes are associated with male infertility and involved in regulating SSCs, which provides a new insight into the role of X-linked genes in spermatogenesis.
Occupational exposure to inhaled pollutants and risk of airflow obstruction: a large UK population-based UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Sadhra Steven S , Mohammed Nuredin , Kurmi Om P , Fishwick David , De Matteis Sara , Hutchings Sally , Jarvis Debbie , Ayres Jon G , Rushton Lesley 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAlthough around 10% to 15% of COPD burden can be attributed to workplace exposures, little is known about the role of different airborne occupational pollutants (AOP). The main aim of the study was to assess the effect size of the relationship between various AOP, their level and duration of exposure with airflow obstruction (AFO).MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 228 614 participants from the UK Biobank study who were assigned occupational exposure using a job exposure matrix blinded to health outcome. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CI for the risk of AFO for ever and years of exposure to AOPs were estimated using robust Poisson model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for never-smokers, non-asthmatic and bi-pollutant model.ResultsOf 228 614 participants, 77 027 (33.7%) were exposed to at least one AOP form. 35.5% of the AFO cases were exposed to vapours, gases, dusts or fumes (VGDF) and 28.3% to dusts. High exposure to vapours increased the risk of occupational AFO by 26%. Exposure to dusts (adjusted PR=1.05; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08), biological dusts (1.05; 1.01 to 1.10) and VGDF (1.04; 1.01 to 1.07) showed a significantly increased risk of AFO, however, statistically not significant following multiple testing. There was no significant increase in risk of AFO by duration (years) of exposure in current job. The results were null when restricted to never-smokers and when a bi-pollutant model was used. However, when data was analysed based on the level of exposure (low, medium and high) compared with no exposure, directionally there was increase in risk for those with high exposure to vapours, gases, fumes, mists and VGDF but statistically significant only for vapours.ConclusionHigh exposure (in current job) to airborne occupational pollutants was suggestive of higher risk of AFO. Future studies should investigate the relationship between lifetime occupational exposures and COPD.
Oral nitrate supplementation to enhance pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: ON-EPIC a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised parallel group study
Authors: Pavitt Matthew J , Tanner Rebecca Jayne , Lewis Adam , Buttery Sara , Mehta Bhavin , Jefford Helen , Curtis Katrina J , Banya Winston A S , Husain Syed , Satkunam Karnan , Shrikrishna Dinesh , Man William , Polkey Michael I , Hopkinson Nicholas S 
Published: May 2020

RationaleDietary nitrate supplementation has been proposed as a strategy to improve exercise performance, both in healthy individuals and in people with COPD. We aimed to assess whether it could enhance the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in COPD.MethodsThis double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, randomised controlled study performed at four UK centres, enrolled adults with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade II–IV COPD and Medical Research Council dyspnoea score 3–5 or functional limitation to undertake a twice weekly 8-week PR programme. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to either 140 mL of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) (12.9 mmol nitrate), or placebo nitrate-deplete BRJ, consumed 3 hours prior to undertaking each PR session. Allocation used computer-generated block randomisation.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was change in incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) distance. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, physical activity level, endothelial function via flow-mediated dilatation, fat-free mass index and blood pressure parameters.Results165 participants were recruited, 78 randomised to nitrate-rich BRJ and 87 randomised to placebo. Exercise capacity increased more with active treatment (n=57) than placebo (n=65); median (IQR) change in ISWT distance +60 m (10, 85) vs +30 m (0, 70), estimated treatment effect 30 m (95% CI 10 to 40); p=0.027. Active treatment also impacted on systolic blood pressure: treatment group −5.0 mm Hg (−5.0, –3.0) versus control +6.0 mm Hg (−1.0, 15.5), estimated treatment effect −7 mm Hg (95% CI 7 to −20) (p<0.0005). No significant serious adverse events or side effects were reported.ConclusionsDietary nitrate supplementation appears to be a well-tolerated and effective strategy to augment the benefits of PR in COPD.Trial registration numberISRCTN27860457.
Subhypnotic dose of intravenous propofol stimulates appetite in cats with stress‐induced anorexia
Authors: Fredley Victry , Kreisler Rachael , Miller Kirk 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundStress‐induced anorexia is common in cats. While medications are available to stimulate appetite, many require oral administration, have delayed onset‐of‐action or cause adverse side effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether cats diagnosed with stress‐induced anorexia given a subhypnotic dose of intravenous propofol would have increased short‐term appetite as compared to those given placebo.MethodsAnorexic shelter cats received either 1 mg/kg propofol or 1 mL saline placebo and then presented with various commercial cat foods. Grams of food consumed was measured at 15 and 30 min, and total grams compared between treatment and control groups using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. 12 cats were enrolled, with six cats randomly assigned to each group.ResultsThe median amount consumed by the treatment group was 31 g (range: 0–72), with the median for the four cats (67 per cent) who consumed food being 45 g (range: 26–72), or 49 per cent of their daily maintenance calorie requirement. The median amount consumed by control cats was 0 g (range: 0–5), with one cat consuming food. Total grams consumed was different between treatment and control groups (P=0.05).ConclusionA subhypnotic dose of intravenous propofol increased appetite in cats with stress‐induced anorexia for a 30 min period.
The heavy quarkonium inclusive decays using the principle of maximum conformality
Authors: Yu Qing , Wu Xing-Gang , Zeng Jun , Huang Xu-Dong , Yu Huai-Min 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) pQCD correction to the inclusive decays of the heavy quarkonium $$\eta _Q$$ηQ (Q being c or b) has been done in the literature within the framework of nonrelativistic QCD. One may observe that the NNLO decay width still has large conventional renormalization scale dependence due to its weaker pQCD convergence, e.g. about $$\left( ^{+4\%}_{-34\%}\right) $$-34%+4% for $$\eta _c$$ηc and $$\left( ^{+0.0}_{-9\%}\right) $$-9%+0.0 for $$\eta _b$$ηb, by varying the scale within the range of $$[m_Q, 4m_Q]$$[mQ,4mQ]. The principle of maximum conformality (PMC) provides a systematic way to fix the $$\alpha _s$$αs-running behavior of the process, which satisfies the requirements of renormalization group invariance and eliminates the conventional renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities. Using the PMC single-scale method, we show that the resultant PMC conformal series is renormalization scale independent, and the precision of the $$\eta _Q$$ηQ inclusive decay width can be greatly improved. Taking the relativistic correction $${\mathcal {O}}(\alpha _{s}v^2)$$O(αsv2) into consideration, the ratios of the $$\eta _{Q}$$ηQ decays to light hadrons or $$\gamma \gamma $$γγ are: $$R^\mathrm{NNLO}_{\eta _c}|_{\mathrm{PMC}}=(3.93^{+0.26}_{-0.24})\times 10^3$$RηcNNLO|PMC=(3.93-0.24+0.26)×103 and $$R^\mathrm{NNLO}_{\eta _b}|_{\mathrm{PMC}}=(22.85^{+0.90}_{-0.87})\times 10^3$$RηbNNLO|PMC=(22.85-0.87+0.90)×103, respectively. Here the errors are for $$\Delta \alpha _s(M_Z) = \pm 0.0011$$Δαs(MZ)=±0.0011. As a step forward, by applying the Pad$$\acute{e}$$e´ approximation approach (PAA) over the PMC conformal series, we obtain approximate NNNLO predictions for those two ratios, e.g. $$R^{\mathrm{NNNLO}}_{\eta _c}|_{\mathrm{PAA+PMC}} =(5.66^{+0.65}_{-0.55})\times 10^3$$RηcNNNLO|PAA+PMC=(5.66-0.55+0.65)×103 and $$R^{\mathrm{NNNLO}}_{\eta _b}|_{\mathrm{PAA+PMC}}=(26.02^{+1.24}_{-1.17})\times 10^3$$RηbNNNLO|PAA+PMC=(26.02-1.17+1.24)×103. The $$R^{\mathrm{NNNLO}}_{\eta _c}|_{\mathrm{PAA+PMC}}$$RηcNNNLO|PAA+PMC ratio agrees with the latest PDG value $$R_{\eta _c}^\mathrm{{exp}}=(5.3_{-1.4}^{+2.4})\times 10^3$$Rηcexp=(5.3-1.4+2.4)×103, indicating the necessity of a strict calculation of NNNLO terms.
Phase II Trial of IL-12 Plasmid Transfection and PD-1 Blockade in Immunologically Quiescent Melanoma
Authors: Algazi Alain P. , Twitty Christopher G. , Tsai Katy K. , Le Mai , Pierce Robert , Browning Erica , Hermiz Reneta , Canton David A. , Bannavong Donna , Oglesby Arielle , Francisco Murray , Fong Lawrence , Pittet Mikael J. , Arlauckas Sean P. , Garris Christopher , Levine Lauren P. , Bifulco Carlos , Ballesteros-Merino Carmen , Bhatia Shailender , Gargosky Sharron , Andtbacka Robert H.I. , Fox Bernard A. , Rosenblum Michael D. , Daud Adil I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose:Tumors with low frequencies of checkpoint positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (cpTIL) have a low likelihood of response to PD-1 blockade. We conducted a prospective multicenter phase II trial of intratumoral plasmid IL-12 (tavokinogene telseplasmid; “tavo”) electroporation combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced melanoma with low frequencies of checkpoint positive cytotoxic lymphocytes (cpCTL).Patients and Methods:Tavo was administered intratumorally days 1, 5, and 8 every 6 weeks while pembrolizumab (200 mg, i.v.) was administered every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST, secondary endpoints included duration of response, overall survival and progression-free survival. Toxicity was evaluated by the CTCAE v4. Extensive correlative analysis was done.Results:The combination of tavo and pembrolizumab was well tolerated with adverse events similar to those previously reported with pembrolizumab alone. Patients had a 41% ORR (n = 22, RECIST 1.1) with 36% complete responses. Correlative analysis showed that the combination enhanced immune infiltration and sustained the IL-12/IFNγ feed-forward cycle, driving intratumoral cross-presenting dendritic cell subsets with increased TILs, emerging T cell receptor clones and, ultimately, systemic cellular immune responses.Conclusions:The combination of tavo and pembrolizumab was associated with a higher than expected response rate in this poorly immunogenic population. No new or unexpected toxicities were observed. Correlative analysis showed T cell infiltration with enhanced immunity paralleling the clinical activity in low cpCTL tumors.
Empoderamentos múltiplos de mulheres muçulmanas em espaços públicos na França e no Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Francirosy Campos , Lima Luana Baumann 
Published: May 2020

O seguinte artigo tem como objetivo contribuir, ainda que de modo preliminar, para a ampliação das discussões acerca de Religião, Gênero e Espaço Público de modo geral e, especialmente, as formas de configuração da religião islâmica na contemporaneidade. Assim, aproximaremo-nos de dois cenários: os espaços públicos francês e brasileiro; e nos atentaremos aos "como" as mulheres muçulmanas, em diferentes contextos (inter) nacionais, ocupam, constroem e produzem seus lugares sociais no espaço público.