bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Employability Skills Needed To Face the Demands of Work in the Future: Systematic Literature Reviews
Authors: Fajaryati Nuryake , Budiyono  , Akhyar Muhammad , Wiranto  
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe qualified human resources with high competitiveness and employability skills are needed to face the era of technological disruption, but employers find a lack of expertise among job seekers. Insufficient skills are related to the issue of education quality. This study aims to identify the employers’ employability skills needed in the career field and the way to integrate it into the instructional process. The research was conducted through Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and mapping approach that consisted of three stages: planning, conducting, and reporting. The literature reviews in this research were derived from Science direct, Springer and IEEE as the main references. The results from the analysis in the literature review showed that employability skills are needed in relation to the work demands in the future according to the employers covering communication, team working, problem solving, and technological skills. The implementation of employability skills in the instructional process is to integrate them into the classroom for all subjects.
Xylan deposition and lignification in differentiating tension wood fibers in Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae) with multi-layered structure
Authors: Higaki Ayano , Kadowaki Yui , Yoshinaga Arata , Takabe Keiji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Xylan deposition and lignification processes were examined in tension wood fibers with gelatinous layers (G-layers) in Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). The cell walls consisted of a multi-layered structure of S1 + S2 + G + n(L + G), where n indicates the number of repetitions (n = 0–3) and L indicates very thin lignified layers. The formation and lignification processes of the multi-layered structure of tension wood fibers were examined by light microscopy, ultraviolet microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) following KMnO4 staining. The deposition of xylan was examined by immunoelectron microscopy with a monoclonal antibody (LM11). Immunolabelling of xylan appeared in lignified cell wall layers, except in the compound middle lamella (CML), i.e., the S1, S2, and L layers but not the G-layers. The density of LM11 xylan immunogold labeling in S2 layers increased during the formation of G-layers. This increase was due to the shrinkage of S2 layers during development rather than intrusive deposition of xylan through G-layers. Lignification of the CML, S1, and S2 layers proceeded during G-layer formation. The shrinkage of S2 layers occurred almost simultaneously with the lignification of the S2 layers during G-layer formation, suggesting that the S2 layers shrank with lignification.
Microstructure evolution of roll core during the preparation of composite roll by electroslag remelting cladding technology
Authors: Cao Yulong , Li Guangqiang , Jiang Zhouhua , Dong Yanwu , Zhao Zhengrong , Niu Chenrui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the comprehensive analyses based on the numerical simulation, in situ observation, and metallographic detection were carried out for the roll core of GCr15/45 carbon steel composite roll manufactured by the new electroslag remelting cladding (ESRC) method. During the ESRC process, the temperature distributions at the different radial and longitudinal positions of the roll core have great changes due to the different degrees of heat conduction from the slag bath, as a result, various microstructure and properties were obtained at the different positions of the roll core. The results illustrated that the ESRC process tended to be stable as the composite height reached a certain value and the high-temperature austenitization process mainly occurred in the radial regions where R > 60 mm, whereas no significant changes occurred at the areas where R ≦ 60 mm. The coarse grains and few Widmanstatten structures with proeutectoid ferrite were generated in the roll core areas near the bimetallic interface, while the fine grains with more proeutectoid ferrite were obtained in the roll core area away from the interface. Therefore, a higher tensile strength and a better plasticity were obtained for the specimens away from the interface.
Phytochemical, ethanomedicinal and pharmacological applications of escin from Aesculus hippocastanum L. towards future medicine
Authors: Idris Sahar , Mishra Anuradha , Khushtar Mohd 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Medicinal plants are used from ancient times for treatment of various ailments. Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut), is the popular and most valuable tree native to the South East Europe. It’s seed extracts and their concentrates contain phytocompounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoid saponin glycosides (escin), epicatechin, tannins, kaempferol, esculin, fraxin, carbohydrate, essential fatty acids (linoleic acid), oleic acid and purine bases (adenine and guanine). Due to these vital phyto-constituents, horse chestnut is used in phytomedicine for the prevention and treatment of diverse disorders as in venous congestion in leg ulcers, bruises, arthritis, rheumatism, diarrhoea, phlebitis etc. We collected the pharmacological applications of Aesculus hippocastanum L. extracts and escin as the cheif bioactive compound and their uses in traditionally and clinically for the management of various disorders. This review describes the efficacy of A. hippocastanum L. extracts and their bioactive compounds. So in the furtue this plant may be useful for the alternative treatment measure for various ailments via incorporating either extract or escin into novel delivery systems for improving the social health in future and would provide improved quality of life.
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: an update on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Alves Crésio , Della-Manna Thais , Albuquerque Cristiano Tulio Maciel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a highly prevalent autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene (7q31.2), which encodes the CFTR chloride-anion channel that is expressed in several tissues. Life expectancy has increased significantly over the past few decades due to therapeutic advances and early diagnosis through neonatal screening. However, new complications have been identified, including CF-related diabetes (CFRD). The earliest detectable glycemic abnormality is postprandial hyperglycemia that progresses into fasting hyperglycemia. CFRD is associated with a decline in lung function, impairments in weight gain and growth, pubertal development, and increased morbidity and mortality. Annual screening with oral glucose tolerance test is recommended beginning at the age of 10, and screenings are recommended for any age group during the first 48 h of hospital admission. Fasting plasma glucose levels ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or 2-h postprandial plasma glucose levels ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) that persist for more than 48 h are diagnostic criteria for CFRD. Under stable health condition, the diagnosis is made when laboratory abnormalities in accordance with the American Diabetes Association criteria are detected for the first time; however, levels of HbA1c <6.5% do not rule out the diagnosis. Treatment for CFRD includes insulin replacement and a hypercaloric and hyperproteic diet that does not restrict carbohydrates, fats or salt, and diabetes self-management education. The most important CFRD complications are nutritional and pulmonary disease deterioration, though the microvascular complications of diabetes have already been described.
Efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in a prepubertal patient with cherubism
Authors: Kawamura Haruka , Watanabe Satoshi , I Takashi , Asahina Izumi , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Dateki Sumito 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Denosumab is an inhibitor of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, which strongly suppresses osteoclasts. Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by symmetrical swelling of the jaws, in which the bone is replaced by a fibrous granuloma containing osteoclast-like giant cells.

Case presentation
We report the efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in a prepubertal boy with progressive cherubism. The treatment consisting of eight subcutaneous denosumab injections (120 mg/dose) in 6 months not only suppressed the expansion of the osteolytic lesions but also dramatically ossified them. However, a transiently decreased growth rate and rebounded asymptomatic hypercalcemia were associated with the treatment.

Conclusions
The present case demonstrated the therapeutic potential of denosumab for treatment of cherubism, although adverse effects, especially those on childhood growth, remain obscure. Further studies are needed to establish a safe and effective protocol for denosumab treatment of children.
Clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Asirvatham Adlyne Reena , Balachandran Karthik , Jerome Packiamary , Venkatesan Vettriselvi , Koshy Teena , Mahadevan Shriraam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder, that could rarely be due to 17 α-hydroxylase deficiency (17αOHD) and/or 17,20 lyase deficiency. Mutation of CYP17A1 gene causes deficiency of glucocorticoids and androgens but excess of mineralocorticoids. Lack of genital ambiguity in most children causes a delay in diagnosis even until puberty. Classical presentation with hypertension and hypokalemia is often not encountered. We intended to study the clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics of children diagnosed with CAH due to 17αOHD.

Methods
Three children who were diagnosed with CAH due to 17αOHD in our institute and on follow up were included in this retrospective study. Clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics of these children were retrieved and studied from electronic medical records.

Results
Two children were genetic females and one was genetic male, but all three were raised as females. All had hypertension at diagnosis except one but none had hypokalemia. All of them had mutation in the CYP17A1 gene. The two females responded well to oestrogen and progesterone and had adequate estrogenization clinically.

Conclusions
Even though CAH due to 17αOHD is quite rare, it should be considered while evaluating young individuals with hypogonadism, hypertension with or without hypokalemia. Lack of genital ambiguity and absence of classical signs at presentation does not rule out this not so uncommon condition and warrants follow up.
Clinicopathological analysis of composite lymphoma: A two-case report and literature review
Authors: Gui Wei , Wang Jing , Ma Li , Wang Yanli , Su Liping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features and treatment of composite lymphoma (CL) with cervical lymph node enlargement.

Methods
In this study, two cases of CL are presented. Biopsies of enlarged cervical lymph nodes by excision revealed two distinct types of lymphomas. The diagnoses were confirmed by routine histopathology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reactions and flow cytometry. Case 1 was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma complicated by Epstein–Barr virus infection. Case 2 was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.

Results
Case 1 received one cycle of adriamycin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine (ABVD regimen) combined with chidamide, followed by one cycle of gemcitabine and dexamethasone (GDP regimen) combined with chidamide, and then oral acyclovir. The patient achieved stable disease, but was lost to follow-up. Case 2 received eight cycles of cyclophosphamide, pirarubicin, vincristine and dexamethasone (CTOP regimen) combined with chidamide, and the patient achieved complete remission. Nine months later, relapse was confirmed. She received chidamide monotherapy for 3 months, which was then terminated. One year later, the patient underwent progressive disease and died.

Conclusions
CL is a kind of rare disease. Due to the complexity of CL, clinicians should consider both disease components in order to increase the likelihood of effective treatment. This is important.
CXCL13 concentration in latent syphilis patients with treatment failure
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Jun , Wei Yingnan , Liu Huili , Wu Chunli , Qu Bin , Yan Yongxing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We aimed to investigate the CXCL13 concentration of the serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative latent syphilis patients with treatment failure and explore the change in CXCL13 after treatment. Sixty-eight latent syphilis patients with treatment failure (failure group), 68 syphilis patients with successful treatment (seroconversion group) and 18 patients with non-inflammatory diseases of the nervous system (control group) were included and serum and CSF were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the CXCL13 in the serum and CSF. Results showed that the serum CXCL13 concentration was comparable among three groups, and the CSF leukocyte count, IgG index and CXCL13 concentration in the failure group were significantly higher than those in the seroconversion group and control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CSF CXCL13 concentration in the failure group was positively related to the CSF leukocyte count (r = 0.3594, P < 0.001). Of the 68 patients in the treatment failure group, neurosyphilis was found in 17 (25.0%). In conclusion, involvement of nervous system is one of the reasons for the treatment failure in patients with latent syphilis. Detection of CSF CXCL13 concentration is helpful for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of HIV-negative latent syphilis patients with treatment failure and neurosyphilis.
Women’s Nature in the Qur’an: Hermeneutical Considerations on Traditional and Modern Exegeses
Authors: Izadi Janan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome verses of the holy Qur’an speak of a preference of man over woman such as 2:228, 4:34 and 43:18. One can ask whether man and woman have the same essence or whether man has certain characteristics that make him own a different and superior essence. How have exegetes understood these verses through history? Research on more than 100 classical and contemporary Shia and Sunni exegeses demonstrates that understanding of these verses was constant for centuries but was subject to evolution in the twentieth century. In this evolution, the inferiority of women in earlier exegeses was largely replaced by exegeses that provide respect and reverence for women. This change in understanding of the verses has been undoubtedly influenced by improvement in the cultural, social and economic situation of women in the twentieth century. A finding of this research is that some Qur’anic verses have the potentiality for different, and sometimes contradictory, understandings. On the other hand, the cultural and historical frameworks of the exegetes have played a crucial role in their understanding of the Qur’an. Therefore, understanding and interpreting the Qur’an is a dynamic process that should be reviewed according to the needs of the time.
Structure of aqueous sodium acetate solutions by X-Ray scattering and density functional theory
Authors: Wang Guangguo , Zhou Yongquan , Lin He , Jing Zhuanfang , Liu Hongyan , Zhu Fayan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The structure of aq. sodium acetate solution (CH3COONa, NaOAc) was studied by X-ray scattering and density function theory (DFT). For the first hydrated layer of Na+, coordination number (CN) between Na+ and O(W, I) decreases from 5.02 ± 0.85 at 0.976 mol/L to 3.62 ± 1.21 at 4.453 mol/L. The hydration of carbonyl oxygen (OC) and hydroxyl oxygen (OOC) of CH3COO− were investigated separately and the OC shows a stronger hydration bonds comparing with OOC. With concentrations increasing, the hydration shell structures of CH3COO− are not affected by the presence of large number of ions, each CH3COO− group binds about 6.23 ± 2.01 to 7.35 ± 1.73 water molecules, which indicates a relatively strong interaction between CH3COO− and water molecules. The larger uncertainty of the CN of Na+ and OC(OOC) reflects the relative looseness of Na-OC and Na-OOC ion pairs in aq. NaOAc solutions, even at the highest concentration (4.453 mol/L), suggesting the lack of contact ion pair (CIP) formation. In aq. NaOAc solutions, the so called “structure breaking” property of Na+ and CH3COO− become effective only for the second hydration sphere of bulk water. The DFT calculations of CH3COONa (H2O)n=5–7 clusters suggest that the solvent-shared ion pair (SIP) structures appear at n = 6 and become dominant at n = 7, which is well consistent with the result from X-ray scattering.
Contribution of house dust contamination towards lead exposure among children in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ikegami Akihiko , Ohtsu Mayumi , Sahito Ambreen , Khan Adeel Ahmed , Fatmi Zafar , Nakagi Yoshihiko , Yoshida Takahiko , Kayama Fujio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLead exposure is associated with impaired neurodevelopment among children. House dust is recognized as one of the important secondary sources of lead exposure in children. We assessed the relationship between lead contamination in house dust and blood lead level in Pakistani children. We investigated lead contamination in house dust samples collected from 59 houses in Karachi, Pakistan. The lead content of house dust in Pakistan was relatively higher than that reported in previous studies. Weekly lead intakes from house dust were considerably higher among Pakistani children. In Pakistani children, 12% (7 of 58) showed lead intake values greater than the previous Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake of lead. A correlation (Pearson’s correlation = 0.37) was found between weekly lead intake from house dust and blood lead level in Pakistani children. In addition, blood lead levels were significantly higher in children with high lead intakes than in children with low and medium lead intakes. Thus, house dust is an important source of lead exposure in Pakistani children.
Finding correct elasticities in log-linear and exponential models allowing heteroskedasticity
Authors: Lee Myoung-jae 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Log-linear models are popular in practice because the slope of a log-transformed regressor is believed to give an unit-free elasticity. This widely held belief is, however, not true if the model error term has a heteroskedasticity function that depends on the regressor. This paper examines various mean – and quantile-based elasticities (mean of elasticity, elasticity of conditional mean, quantile of elasticity, and elasticity of conditional quantile) to show under what conditions these are equal to the slope of a log-transformed regressor. A particular attention is given to the ‘elasticity of conditional mean (i.e., regression function)’, which is what most researchers have in mind when they use log-linear models, and we provide practical ways to find it in the presence of heteroskedasticity. We also examine elasticities in exponential models which are closely related to log-linear models. An empirical illustration for health expenditure elasticity with respect to income is provided to demonstrate our main findings.
On tungstates of divalent cations (III) – Pb5O2[WO6]
Authors: Jantz Stephan G. , Pielnhofer Florian , Höppe Henning A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Pb

5

O
2

[

WO

6

]

${\text{Pb}}_{5}{\text{O}}_{2}\left[{\text{WO}}_{6}\right]$

was discovered as a frequently observed side phase during our investigation on lead tungstates. Its crystal structure was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (

P

2
1

/
n

$P{2}_{1}/n$

,

a
=
7.4379

(
2
)

$a=7.4379\left(2\right)$

Å,

b
=
12.1115

(
4
)

$b=12.1115\left(4\right)$

Å,

c
=
10.6171

(
3
)

$c=10.6171\left(3\right)$

Å,

β
=
90.6847

(
8
)

$\beta =90.6847\left(8\right)$

°,

Z
=
4

$Z=4$

,

R

int

=
0.038

${R}_{\text{int}}=0.038$

,

R
1

=
0.020

${R}_{1}=0.020$

,

ω

R
2

=
0.029

$\omega {R}_{2}=0.029$

, 4188 data, 128 param.) and is isotypic with

Pb

5

O
2

[

Te

6

]

${\text{Pb}}_{5}{\text{O}}_{2}\left[{\text{Te}}_{6}\right]$

.

Pb

5

O
2

[

WO

6

]

${\text{Pb}}_{5}{\text{O}}_{2}\left[{\text{WO}}_{6}\right]$

comprises a layered structure built up by non-condensed [WO6]

6
−

${}^{6-}$

octahedra and

[

O
4

Pb

10

]

12
+

${\left[{\text{O}}_{4}{\text{Pb}}_{10}\right]}^{12+}$

oligomers. The compound was characterised by spectroscopic measurements (Infrared (IR), Raman and Ultraviolet–visible (UV/Vis) spectra) as well as quantum chemical and electrostatic calculations (density functional theory (DFT), MAPLE) yielding a band gap of 2.9 eV fitting well with the optical one of 2.8 eV. An estimation of the refractive index based on the Gladstone-Dale relationship yielded

n
≈
2.31

$n\approx 2.31$

. Furthermore first results of the thermal analysis are presented.
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Preference for Alcohol
Authors: Hernandez John S. , Moorman David E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a key role in representation and regulation of reward value, preference, and seeking. OFC function is disrupted in drug use and dependence, but its specific role in alcohol use disorders has not been thoroughly studied. In alcohol-dependent humans OFC activity is increased by alcohol cue presentation. Ethanol (EtOH) also alters OFC neuron excitabilityin vitro, and OFC manipulation influences EtOH seeking and drinking in rodents. To understand the relationship between OFC function and individual alcohol use, we recorded OFC neuron activity in rats during EtOH self-administration, characterizing the neural correlates of individual preference for alcohol. After one month of intermittent access to 20% EtOH, male Long–Evans rats were trained to self-administer 20% EtOH, 10% EtOH, and 15% sucrose. OFC neuronal activity was recorded and associated with task performance and EtOH preference. Rats segregated into high and low EtOH drinkers based on homecage consumption and operant seeking of 20% EtOH. Motivation for 10% EtOH and sucrose was equally high in both groups. OFC neuronal activity was robustly increased or decreased during sucrose and EtOH seeking and consumption, and strength of changes in OFC activity was directly associated with individual preference for 20% EtOH. EtOH-associated OFC activity was more similar to sucrose-associated activity in high versus low EtOH drinkers. The results show that OFC neurons are activated during alcohol seeking based on individual preference, supporting this brain region as a potential substrate for alcohol motivation that may be dysregulated in alcohol misuse.