bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of post-war reconstruction: the case of built heritage in Bosnia
Authors: Kudumovic Lana 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges and justification of the reconstruction of built heritage in Bosnia. This paper also debates the effect of setting up a close relationship between reconstruction and reconciliation, suggesting that the reconstruction of the built environment in the period of post-war recovery provided a foundation for reconciliation.Design/methodology/approachThroughout history, in the face of various disasters, world encountered the challenge of reconstruction. In the past decade of the 20th century, just such a challenge was the war in Bosnia. After the war, reconstruction and reconciliation took place, with a focus on reestablishing a normal way of life, the return of displaced people, and the reconnection of broken bonds, as well as the rehabilitation of heritage assets.FindingsThis paper elaborates on how reconstructions were guided by the aims of reconciliation and its justifications. Regarding the technical aspects of these reconstruction projects, an overview comprising several case studies is presented to help elucidate two levels of physical intervention. The first of these levels concerns the reconstruction of single structures and the second concerns the reconstruction of historic centers. War memorials are considered to be a third level of intervention.Originality/valueThe selected cases presented here confirm the existence of the relationship between post-war reconstruction and reconciliation. This paper also assesses the efficiency of the reconstruction of Bosnia’s built heritage in terms of authenticity and overall post-war recovery.
Two-step calibration method for three-axis magnetic sensor error based on particle swarm optimization
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Hu Zhikai , Fang JianJun 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The three-axis magnetic sensors are mostly calibrated by scalar method such as ellipsoid fitting and so on, but these methods cannot completely determine the 12 parameters of the error model. A two-stage calibration method based on particle swarm optimization (TSC-PSO) is proposed, which makes full use of the amplitude invariance and direction invariance of Earth’s magnetic field vector.

Design/methodology/approach
The TSC-PSO designs two-stage fitness function. Stage 1: design a fitness function of the particle swarm by the amplitude invariance of the Earth’s magnetic field to obtain a preliminary error matrix G and the bias error B. Stage 2: further design the fitness function of the particle swarm by the invariance of the Earth’s magnetic field to obtain a rotation matrix R, thereby determining the error matrix uniquely.

Findings
The proposed TSC-PSO can completely determine 12 unknown parameters in error model and further decrease the maximum fluctuation error of the Earth’s magnetic field amplitude and the absolute error of heading.

Practical implications
The proposed TSC-PSO provides an effective solution for three-axis magnetic sensor error compensation, which can greatly reduce the price of magnetic sensors and be used in the fields of Earth’s magnetic survey, drilling and Earth’s magnetic integrated navigation.

Originality/value
The proposed TSC-PSO has significantly improved the magnetic field amplitude and heading accuracy and does not require additional heading reference. In addition, the method is insensitive to noise and initialization conditions, has good robustness and can converge to a global optimum.
Differential distribution and proteomic response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non‐model yeast species to zinc
Authors: García‐Béjar Beatriz , Owens Rebecca A. , Briones Ana , Arévalo‐Villena María 
Published: August 2020

SummaryZinc surplus in yeast cells has been previously investigated thanks to transcriptomic studies by using traditionally Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. However, proteome response under zinc‐replete conditions needs to be further studied in yeast. For that reason, eight yeast strains from seven different species were inoculated in zinc‐depleted and zinc‐replete media. The quantitative and qualitative comparative label‐free proteomic analysis enabled the identification of between 2000 and 3000 proteins from each strain, and changes to the proteome ranged from 2.5% to 43.7% of identified proteins. Functional analysis (Blast2Go) has allowed the characterization of differentially abundant proteins. Common zinc‐responsive proteins have been detected for the eight strains such as oxidoreductases and transferases (increased in abundance) although more of the changes detected were not shared by all the strains tested. Zinc distribution under replete conditions has been analysed in cell wall fractions, and cytoplasm plus organelles (intracellular fraction), with the latter identified to be the main zinc reservoir. Additionally, the energy dispersive spectroscopy coupled to the scanning electron microscopy technique has permitted the visualization of zinc in the whole cell. Proteomic analysis revealed that while there were some shared responses, the non‐model yeast species also showed distinct proteomic profiles in zinc‐replete conditions, compared to S. cerevisiae, revealing new zinc‐responsive proteins in yeast.
Time‐varying effects of ‘optimized smoking treatment’ on craving, negative affect and anhedonia
Authors: Kim Nayoung , McCarthy Danielle E. , Cook Jessica W. , Piper Megan E. , Schlam Tanya R. , Baker Timothy B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo identify when smoking cessation treatments affect craving, negative affect and anhedonia, and how these symptoms relate to abstinence, to help evaluate the effects of particular intervention components in multi‐component treatments and accelerate treatment refinement.DesignSecondary analysis of data from a two‐arm randomized controlled trial.SettingSeven primary care clinics in Wisconsin, United States.ParticipantsAdult primary care patients who smoked daily (n = 574).Intervention and comparatorIntervention was abstinence‐optimized treatment (A‐OT, n = 276) comprising 3 weeks of nicotine mini‐lozenges pre‐target quit day (TQD), 26 weeks of combination nicotine patch and mini‐lozenges post‐TQD and extensive psychosocial support. The comparator was recommended usual care (RUC, n = 298), comprising brief counseling and 8 weeks of nicotine patch post‐TQD.MeasurementsTime‐varying effect models examined dynamic effects of A‐OT (versus RUC) on the primary outcomes of nightly cigarette craving, negative affect and anhedonia from 1 week pre‐ to 2 weeks post‐TQD. Exploratory models examined within‐person relations between nicotine medication use and same‐day symptom ratings. Secondary logistic regression analyses examined associations between post‐TQD craving, negative affect and anhedonia and 1‐month post‐TQD abstinence.FindingsA‐OT significantly suppressed pre‐ and post‐TQD craving (β = −0.27 to −0.46 across days) and post‐TQD anhedonia (β = −0.24 to −0.38 across days), relative to RUC. Within individuals, using patches was associated with lower negative affect in RUC (β = −0.42 to −0.52), but not in A‐OT. Using more mini‐lozenges was associated with greater craving (β = 0.04–0.07) and negative affect (β = 0.03–0.05) early, and with lower anhedonia (β = −0.06 to −0.12) later. Greater post‐TQD craving (OR = 0.68) and anhedonia (OR = 0.85) predicted lower odds of abstinence 1 month post‐TQD.ConclusionTime‐varying effect models showed that a multi‐component treatment intervention for smoking cessation suppressed significant withdrawal symptoms more effectively than recommended usual care among daily adult smokers motivated to quit. The intervention reduced craving pre‐ and post‐target quit day (TQD) and anhedonia post‐TQD.
Factors predicting normal visual acuity following anatomically successful macular hole surgery
Authors: Fallico Matteo , Jackson Timothy L. , Chronopoulos Argyrios , Hattenbach Lars‐Olof , Longo Antonio , Bonfiglio Vincenza , Russo Andrea , Avitabile Teresio , Parisi Francesca , Romano Mario , Fiore Tito , Cagini Carlo , Lupidi Marco , Frisina Rino , Motta Lorenzo , Rejdak Robert , Nowomiejska Katarzyna , Toro Mario , Ventre Luca , Reibaldi Michele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess the incidence of normal vision following anatomically successful macular hole surgery and associated clinical variables.MethodsMulticentre, retrospective chart review. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records from seven European vitreoretinal units. Inclusion criteria were as follows: eyes undergoing primary vitrectomy for idiopathic full‐thickness macular hole from January 2015 to January 2018; postoperative macular hole closure confirmed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT); preoperative pseudophakia or phakic eyes receiving combined cataract surgery; one‐year follow‐up. The primary outcome was ‘normal vision’ defined as a final best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥ 20/25. Univariate, multivariate and decision‐tree analyses were conducted to evaluate the clinical variables associated with ‘normal vision’. Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsOf 327 eligible cases, 91 (27.8%) achieved ‘normal vision’ at 1 year. Multivariate analysis identified variables significantly associated with ‘normal vision’: shorter symptom duration (odds ratio [OR]=1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.02‐1.09; p = 0.002), smaller preoperative OCT minimum linear diameter (OR per 100‐micron increase = 1.65; 95%CI:1.31‐2.08; p < 0.001) and better mean preoperative BCVA (OR = 15.13; 95%CI: 3.59‐63.65; p < 0.001). The decision‐tree analysis found that the most significant variable associated with ‘normal vision’ was symptom duration. ‘Normal vision’ was achieved in 70.6% of eyes operated within one week from symptom onset and in 45% of eyes with symptom duration between 1 and 3 weeks.ConclusionsThese findings suggested urgent surgery is justified for small macular holes of short duration.
Consensus statements on the clinical uses of pregabalin for Hong Kong
Authors: Kwong Patrick Po‐Keung , Chan Eric Yan‐Kwong , Cheung Eric Yat‐Wo , Fong Samson Yat‐Yuk , Nip Wai , Cheung Henry Hon‐Kee , Yip Isaac Pui‐Lam , Chong King‐Yee , Pao Ronnie Sze‐Yuan , Tam Ka‐Lok , Tang Man‐Ho , Chan Simon Kin‐Cheong , Mak Ki‐Yan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo facilitate the understanding of pregabalin and optimize its clinical usage in Hong Kong, an expert panel (11 psychiatrists, one family physician and one anesthesiologist) experienced in treating anxiety and somatic symptoms was invited to establish a set of consensus statements based on several discussion areas. A non‐systematic literature search for relevant articles was conducted. The panelists addressed the discussion areas by sharing their clinical experience and available literature in a couple of meetings. At the last meeting, consensus statements derived from the proceedings were discussed and finalized. A total of 11 statements were ultimately accepted by panel voting based on their practicability of recommendation in Hong Kong. These statements are aimed to act as a practical reference for local clinicians when they consider prescribing pregabalin in different clinical situations.
The feasibility of interval laparoscopic appendectomy and appropriate patient selection: A retrospective study of adult appendiceal masses
Authors: Fujihata Shiro , Kitagami Hidehiko , Kitayama Yosuke , Suzuki Ayumi , Tanaka Moritsugu , Nakaya Seiichi , Hayakawa Shunsuke , Okubo Tomotaka , Sagawa Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tatsuya , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuo Yoichi , Ogawa Ryo , Takiguchi Shuji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe examined the safety and effectiveness of interval laparoscopic appendectomy (ILA) for adult appendiceal mass (AAM) and then used a novel white blood cell (WBC) parameter to identify the types of AAM cases for which nonsurgical treatment followed by ILA is effective.MethodsWe reviewed the cases of 956 patients who had undergone appendectomy between April 2012 and March 2018 at our facility. Of these patients, 49 had AAM, including 34 who underwent ILA. We examined the safety and effectiveness of ILA by comparing it with laparoscopic appendectomy (LA); specifically, the 34 cases treated with ILA were compared with 477 cases of adult uncomplicated appendicitis treated with LA from the same patient cohort. We then examined the factors associated with not successfully completing the planned nonsurgical treatment and interval before ILA. Patient demographics and clinical variables were reviewed.ResultsPatients who had undergone ILA had longer operative times than those who had undergone LA (P = .0059), but they also had shorter postoperative hospital stays (P < .001). There were no significant differences in other perioperative variables. Multivariate analysis showed that a ratio of WBC count on day 3 and day 0 from the start of nonsurgical treatment (WBC day3/day0) of 0.906 or higher was significantly associated with not completing the nonsurgical treatment and interval before ILA (P = .045).ConclusionA comparison of the procedures found that ILA for AAM was almost as safe and effective as LA for adult uncomplicated appendicitis. The WBC day3/day0 ratio can be an objective parameter to assess the effectiveness of the nonsurgical treatment before ILA earlier in the course of treatment.
The weight of the crust: Biomass of crustose lichens in tropical dry forest represents more than half of foliar biomass
Authors: Miranda‐González Ricardo , McCune Bruce 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, our ecological knowledge of tropical dry forests has increased dramatically. However, the functional contributions of whole ecosystem components, such as lichens, remain mostly unknown. In these forests, the abundance of epiphyte crustose lichens is responsible for the characteristic white bark on most woody plants, conspicuous during the dry season, but the amount of resources that the lichen component represents remains unexplored. We estimated lichen biomass in a Mexican tropical dry forest using the bark area of trees, the dry mass of lichens per unit area and the percentage of bark covered by lichens, together with previously known tree densities. The lowest 2.5 m of the forests main trunks contained 188 kg/ha of lichen biomass, with lichens covering 85% of the available bark for trees <12 cm DBH and 38% for trees >12 cm. Total epiphytic lichen biomass was 1.34–1.99 Mg/ha. Lichen biomass represented 61% of the foliar biomass in the forest. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a lichen biomass estimate is provided for an ecosystem in which crustose lichens are the dominant lichen growth form. Crustose lichens are typically considered to contribute little to the total lichen biomass and to be difficult to include in ecological analyses. The high lichen biomass in this ecosystem implies a significant ecological role which so far is unexplored. We suggest the crustose lichen component should not be underestimated a priori in ecological studies, especially in ecosystems with abundant lichen cover.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Alternative migratory strategies are widespread in subyearling Chinook salmon
Authors: Apgar Travis M. , Merz Joseph E. , Martin Benjamin T. , Palkovacs Eric P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVariation in life history traits within and across species is known to reflect adaptations to different environmental drivers through a diversity of mechanisms. Trait variation can also help buffer species and populations against extinction in fluctuating environments and against anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we examine the distribution and drivers of Ocean‐type Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) juvenile migratory life histories. We defined alternative migratory strategies according to whether individuals reared in the stream (natal rearing) or left shortly after hatching to rear elsewhere (non‐natal rearing). We then evaluated the frequency of migratory strategies across 16 populations with time series extending up to 25 years and evaluated the environmental variables that influenced variation in migration strategy. We found bimodal migration patterns and abrupt transitions in migrant sizes across all populations, supporting the widespread nature of alternative migratory strategies. Additionally, we found that the amount of freshwater rearing habitat available to juveniles, relative juvenile density and spring flow patterns significantly influenced the overall migration pattern for populations. Smaller streams and higher conspecific densities generally produced more non‐natal rearing migrants and larger streams and lower conspecific densities producing more natal rearing migrants. Our results shed light on previously unexplored patterns of juvenile migratory strategies and encourage broader consideration for how current conservation actions perform at protecting juvenile migratory diversity.
Mediation and moderated mediation in the relationships among income condition, depression, cognition and residence among older adults in China
Authors: Yuan Manqiong , Fu Hanhan , Han Yaofeng , Chen Jia , Fang Ya 
Published: August 2020

AimA better income condition has always been associated with better cognition; however, studies that have demonstrated the pathway of this relationship are limited. We aim to evaluate the mediation effect of depression in this association, and whether this mediation is moderated by the place of residence.MethodsWe conducted a face‐to‐face study, including 3230 older adults aged >60 years in Xiamen, China, in 2016. The income condition of participants was categorized into three groups: income less than expenditure, income equals expenditure and income more than expenditure. Depression was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale and cognition was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool. We first examined a simple mediation model where depression was a mediator between income condition and cognition. Furthermore, residence was systematically integrated into the model as a moderator, and the model was adjusted for age, gender, number of year of education, hypertension and diabetes. All mediation and moderated mediation effects were estimated by the plug‐in “PROCESS” in SPSS.ResultsIn total, 2852 participants were finally included. Depression partially mediated the relationship between income condition and cognition (indirect effect = 0.25, total effect = 0.72). Moderated mediation analyses indicated that a direct effect only existed among urban older adults (B = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.47–1.38]), whereas an indirect effect was stronger for individuals in urban (B = 0.28; 95% CI: [0.18–0.41]) rather than rural environments (B = 0.17; 95% CI: [0.11–0.26]).ConclusionsA better income condition is a protective factor for cognition and it partially benefits work through milder depressive symptoms, particularly in older adults in urban residences. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 860–866.
Benefits of pre‐biopsy multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging scanning in the initial assessment of prostate cancer
Authors: McAllister Bría J. , Jarvis Andrew K. , Smith Stephen M. , Walton Thomas J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTraditionally, men referred for investigation of raised prostate specific antigen (PSA) could expect to be investigated via blind TRUS biopsy. In recent years, the availability of pre‐biopsy imaging with multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp‐MRI) has allowed urology centres to improve their triage and care of this patient cohort. The ability to identify discrete lesions for more accurately targeted TRUS, stream patients with anterior lesions for trans‐perineal biopsy, and of course to prevent those with no evidence of clinically significant prostate cancer from being subjected to unnecessary procedures has proved pre‐biopsy mp‐MRI a valuable tool in the assessment and diagnosis of prostate cancer. Our service recently audited the impact of the introduction of mp‐MRI on our prostate cancer assessment pathway. An analysis of the outcomes of 1558 referrals over a 2‐year period, and found that pre‐biopsy imaging has resulted in a marked reduction in unnecessary procedures and more accurate targeting of lesions, leading to improved outcomes for patients.
Basal serum cortisol levels predict a normal response to the Synacthen stimulation test in hospitalised patients
Authors: Tolkin Lior , Vidberg Michal , Munter Gabriel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe short Synacthen test (SST) is widely used to assess the hypothalamus−pituitary−adrenal axis in the outpatient setting. However, in the inpatient setting, technical difficulties to adhere to the protocol may pose a challenge for using this test.AimsTo find the most suitable basal serum cortisol (BSC) cut‐off for predicting an adequate response to the SST in non‐critically inpatients without conducting the actual test.MethodsInformation was retrieved retrospectively from medical files of 197 patients who had had a 250 μg SST between the years 2000 and 2016 at the Shaare Zedek Medical Center. BSC, electrolytes, creatinine, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, blood counts and blood pressure values were evaluated for a correlation with the results of the SST.ResultsA BSC cut‐off of 280 nmol/L provides a negative predictive value of 94% for adrenal insufficiency (AI). Using a cut‐off of 380 nmol/L increases the sensitivity to 96% and yields a negative predictive value of 95.8%.ConclusionsIn this study, we found two suitable BSC cut‐offs for predicting an adequate response to the SST in hospitalised patients. We suggest using the lower cut‐off (280 nmol/L) for patients with a low level of suspicion for AI and using the higher cut‐off (380 nmol/L) for patients with a higher level of suspicion. A BSC above this cut‐off makes the diagnosis of AI very unlikely and precludes the need for a Synacthen test.
Help‐seeking for depression among Australian doctors
Authors: Muhamad Ramzi N. S. Aishah , Deady Mark , Petrie Katherine , Crawford Joanna , Harvey Samuel B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDepression is common among doctors. However, concerns remain that doctors are unlikely to ask for help when symptoms of depression arise.AimsTo determine rates and patterns of help‐seeking for depression among doctors and to identify predictors of and barriers to such behaviour.MethodsA secondary analysis was conducted on a nation‐wide survey of 12 252 Australian doctors. The study sample consisted of doctors who reported having ever felt seriously depressed (n = 4154; 33.9% of total sample). Rates of help‐seeking, professional help‐seeking behaviours and self‐reported barriers were explored. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between professional help‐seeking and predetermined predictive factors.ResultsSixty percent (95% confidence interval (CI): 58.5–61.5) of doctors who have ever felt seriously depressed reported some form of professional help‐seeking for depression. The most common barrier to help‐seeking was ‘privacy/confidentiality’. Females (odds ratio (OR) = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.50–2.01; P < 0.001), locally trained doctors (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12–1.59; P = 0.001) and senior doctors (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.14–1.61; P = 0.001) were more likely to seek professional help than their counterparts. Compared with general practitioners, psychiatrists (OR = 1.565; 95% CI: 1.15–2.13; P = 0.004) were more likely to seek professional help while surgeons (OR = 0.518; 95% CI: 0.37–0.72; P < 0.001) and pathologists/radiologists (OR = 0.695; 95% CI: 0.49–0.99; P = 0.043) were less likely.ConclusionWhile it is reassuring that the majority of depressed doctors were able to seek professional help, many were not. Major barriers to professional help‐seeking, particularly concerns about confidentiality and impact on career, remain a problem. Male, overseas‐trained, junior doctors, surgeons and pathologists/radiologists were less likely to seek help for depression. Targeted interventions are required to increase appropriate help‐seeking for depression in doctors.