bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Perspectives on the Therapeutic Profile of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in Spasticity
Authors: Jacinto Jorge , Varriale Pasquale , Pain Emilie , Lysandropoulos Andreas , Esquenazi Alberto 
Published: May 2020

Background: Botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) injections are first-line treatment for adult spasticity. Prior patient surveys have reported that BoNT-A treatment improves quality of life but that symptoms usually recur before the next injection. We aimed to explore, in-depth, patient perceptions of the impact of spasticity and the waning of BoNT-A therapeutic effects.Methods: An internet-based survey was conducted through Carenity, an online patient community, from May to September 2019 in France, Germany, Italy, UK and USA. Eligible respondents were adult patients with spasticity due to stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury (SCI) who had ≥2 previous BoNT-A injections.Results: Two hundred and ten respondents (mean 47.2 years) met screening criteria and had their responses analyzed. Overall, 43% of respondents had spasticity due to stroke, 30% due to TBI and 27% due to SCI. The mean [95% CI] injection frequency for spasticity management was 3.6 [3.4–3.7] injections/year. Respondents described the time profile of their response to BoNT-A. The mean reported onset of therapeutic effect was 12.9 [12.1–13.7] days and the mean time to peak effect was 5.0 [4.7–5.4] weeks. Symptom re-emergence between injections was common (83%); the time from injection to symptom re-emergence was 89.4 [86.3–92.4] days. Muscle spasms usually re-emerge first (64%), followed by muscle stiffness or rigidity (40%), and limb pain (20%). Over half (52%) of respondents said they had lost their self-confidence, 46% experienced depression and 41% experienced a lack of sleep due to their spasticity symptoms in the past 12 months. Following a report of symptom re-emergence, the most common management approaches were to add adjunctive treatments (36%), increase the BoNT-A dose (28%), and wait for the next injection (27%). Seventy two percentage of respondents said they would like a longer lasting BoNT-A treatment.Conclusions: Patients with spasticity can expect a characteristic profile of BoNT-A effects, namely time lag to onset and peak effect followed by a gradual decline in the symptomatic benefits. Symptom re-emergence is common and has significant impact on quality of life. Greater patient/clinician awareness of this therapeutic profile should lead to better level of overall satisfaction with treatment, informed therapeutic discussions and treatment schedule planning.
Light-weight large-scale tunable metamaterial panel for low-frequency sound insulation
Authors: Zhang Hao , Chen Shengbing , Liu Zongzheng , Song Yubao , Xiao Yong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To overcome the traditional problem of blocking low-frequency noise, this letter proposes a design of large-scale metamaterial panel with periodic tunable resonant cell arrays. Numerical calculations show that the tunable metamaterial panels exhibit multiple local resonance mechanisms, which result in sound transmission loss (STL) improvements over traditional mass law in low-frequency regions. The effective dynamic mass density and the tunability of sound insulation performance are further examined. Moreover, large-scale tunable metamaterial panel samples with 36 (6 × 6) unit cells are fabricated. And experimental measurements of sound insulation performance are conducted to validate the theoretical predictions.
Coherent epitaxial growth of superconducting NbN ultrathin films on AlN by sputtering
Authors: Kobayashi Atsushi , Ueno Kohei , Fujioka Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We investigated the structural and electrical properties of superconducting NbN films epitaxially grown on AlN single-crystalline films using a sputtering technique. The NbN(111) films grown on AlN under optimized temperatures exhibited clear peaks with Pendellösung fringes attributed to the growth of the atomically flat surfaces in 2θ/ω X-ray diffraction patterns. Scanning transmission electron microscopy also confirmed the formation of sharp NbN/AlN interfaces. Reciprocal space mapping revealed that the NbN films were coherently grown on the AlN templates, which indicates that the NbN films have the same in-plane lattice constants as AlN. It was also determined that the shape of the unit cell of NbN depends strongly on the epitaxial growth temperature. The NbN films coherently grown on AlN exhibited superconducting transition temperatures (T
c) ranging from 12 to 16 K, which also depends on the epitaxial growth temperature. These results indicate that the epitaxial strain (or change in crystal structure) in NbN modifies T
c.
Learning Hinduism through a Rural Homestay in South India
Authors: Ulrich Edward Theodore 
Published: May 2020

As a professor of theology with expertise in interreligious issues, I designed a January Term course on Hinduism set in south India. The course met liberal arts requirements and was designed for predominantly upper Midwestern students with Catholic and Protestant backgrounds. The focus was not on major sites but on meeting people in the countryside. Also, the course moved traditional learning and pedagogy into a living space by staying for six nights, during the Pongal harvest festival, in rural homes in Tamil Nadu. In terms of academics, the course was originally designed to focus on asceticism, the worship of Shiva, village goddesses, and the role of hill shrines in Tamil Nadu. The students would learn about these topics directly through the town, its inhabitants, and nearby religious sites. I did my best to prepare students for the experience, utilizing interviews, orientation sessions, on-site orientations, and assigned readings. My plans and preparations might seem to have been good, but at the midpoint of the course, on the first day in the small town, the program ground to a halt. Many students were emotionally devastated by the level of poverty. In this context, my lectures on asceticism, Shiva, goddesses, and hill shrines rang hollow and empty. Instead, the minds of the students were flooded by a host of other issues, including poverty, race, class, gender, environmental pollution. Although initially devastated by poverty, the students were quickly drawn into the life of the town. After only two days many frowns and tears turned into smiles. They were drawn in by the hospitality, the highly relational nature of the Tamil people, the exuberance and color of the Pongal celebrations, and the town’s rituals. Religion was a main facet of the experiences of the students, and this was key in terms of transforming their stay into a positive one, but my lectures on Shiva nevertheless rang empty. The students were experiencing a different aspect of the religion than what I had learned about in graduate school or was prepared to teach. Westerners tend to think of Asian religions in terms of meditation, asceticism, and philosophy, but the students were experiencing religion in terms of family intimacy, obedience to the elders, and hospitality to the stranger. I later found that the sixth century Tamil classic, the Tirukkural or “Holy Speech,” addresses the experiences of the students. The text gives instructions on how to live a virtuous life, and it discusses two main lifestyles, those of the ascetic and the householder. The former pertains to material that I was prepared to teach and the latter to the world my students were experiencing. There were a variety of lessons which the students, and students in future years, learned from the lifestyle of a Hindu householder. Lessons they wrote about in their journals included generosity to outsiders and guests, valuing family relations, that great joy can exist in the midst of poverty, and that Americans value individual choice, whereas Indians value collective decision making.
حرم المدينة المنورة وحدوده عبر التاريخ
Authors: سلامة صلاح 
Published: May 2020

تطرق هذا البحث إلى موضوع "حرم المدينة المنورة وحدوده عبر التاريخ"، وهو موضوع مهم وحيوي؛ لارتباطه الوثيق بالمدينة المنورة وحرمها ومعالمها التاريخية والجغرافية، وكذلك بالأحكام الشرعية. وقد حاول البحث الإجابة عن تاريخ تحريم المدينة المنورة، وحكم وضع علامات لحدود حرمها، ومذاهب وخلافات الفقهاء في حرمها وحدودها، والفرق بين الحرم والحمى، ومعالم حرم المدينة، وآراء الباحثين المعاصرين حول تحديد حرم المدينة المنورة ومناقشتها.
ومن أهم نتائج البحث:
1- لم يتفق فقهاء الأمة على حرم المدينة كما اتفقوا على حرم مكة.
2- ذهب جمهور الفقهاء إلى أن المدينة حرم، وذهب الحنفية وبعض الفقهاء إلى أنه ليس للمدينة المنورة حرم.
3- للمدينة حرم، وثبت تحريمها في السنة السابعة من الهجرة.
4- حدود حرم المدينة ما بين اللابتين (الحرّتين) شرقًا وغربًا، وما بين جبل عير إلى جبل ثور جنوبًا وشمالاً على الراجح.
5- لا تدخلان اللابتان في حدّ الحرم إلا ما كان واقعًا منهما بين جبل عير وثور دون ما امتد منهما على الراجح.
Amorphized Length and Variability in Phase Change Memory Line Cells
Authors: Noor Nafisa , Muneer Sadid , Khan Raihan Sayeed , Gorbenko Anna , Silva Helena 
Published: May 2020

The dimensions of amorphized regions in phase-change memory cells are critical parameters to design devices for different applications but are difficult to determine by direct imaging. In this work, the length of amorphized regions in multiple, identical Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) line cells was extracted from electrical measurements. After each cell was programmed to an amorphous state, a sequence of increasing amplitude post-reset voltage pulses separated by low-amplitude read DC-sweeps was applied. When a sufficient amplitude post-reset voltage pulse was applied to a given cell, the measured current and the post-pulse resistance increased drastically, indicating the cell re-amorphized after threshold switching, melting, and quenching. The amorphized length was calculated using the measured voltage at which threshold switching took place and the expected drifted threshold field at that time. The measured threshold voltages, hence, the extracted amorphized lengths, generally increase linearly with the programmed resistance levels, but significant variability arises from the intrinsic uniqueness in the crystallization and amorphization processes in these devices. For example, cells programmed to ~50 MΩ amorphous resistance show threshold voltages of ~5-7 V, corresponding to amorphized lengths of ~240-360 nm. This unpredictable programming feature in phase-change memory devices can be utilized in hardware security applications.
Peran Wali Kelas Dalam Pengelolaan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di SDN 1 Banda Aceh
Authors: Haekal T. M. 
Published: May 2020

<p>The child with special needed need special assistance from the school side, the homeroom teacher is no exception. At Banda Aceh 1 Elementary School, children with special needs are managed in accordance with applicable standards. This study aims to determine the role, strategies and obstacles of homerooms in the management of children with special needs at SDN 1 Banda Aceh. This research is a qualitative research with data collection techniques, namely: observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis was carried out by miles and huberman techniques. Research results include: 1). The role of homeroom is that it is very much needed even very important in terms of the management of children with special needs. As the right of the homeroom teacher in managing his students in the classroom, his roles include making plans for implementing learning, designing syllabi, media, and modifying curriculum. 2). Homerooms in the management of special needs children are homeroom teachers and special mentoring teachers always accompany regular students and children with special needs during the learning process until the learning is complete, the classroom atmosphere is always made fun sometimes there are also students who are bored so the teacher becomes more active in looking after. The homeroom teacher understands that management is not only theoretically using his own instincts. Obstacles are the lack of skills in exploring children with special needs because education personnel are not graduates of schools for children with special needs. Management of children with special needs carried out by teachers at SDN 1 Banda Aceh, management can be done well, as evidenced by students always playing an active role in learning and students are able to carry out evaluations conducted by the teacher. And for the next researcher, hopefully it can study more deeply about the management of homeroom teachers and special teachers in managing and handling children with special needs (ABK) and the factors that influence barriers to better complement and refine this research.</p>
РАЗВИТИЕ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ ИНОСТРАННЫМ ЯЗЫКАМ
Authors: Tarasova Veronika , Kirpichnikova Anna , Mirzieva Leysan 
Published: May 2020

В статье обращается внимание на необходимость формирования академической и коммуникативной компетенции в рамках вузовских курсов обучения английскому языку для академических целей (English for Academic Purposes). Обсуждается идея взаимосвязи академического чтения и академического письма как средства, способствующего развитию общей академической грамотности. Подчеркивается, что процесс формирования академической грамотности имеет много общего с организацией научного исследования. Приводится обзор мнений современных методистов, обосновывающих необходимость развития исследовательских навыков.The article draws attention to the need for the formation of academic and communicative competence within the framework of university courses in teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP). The present work discusses the idea of the interrelation of academic reading and academic writing as a means of promoting the development of general academic literacy. It emphasizes that the process of the formation of academic literacy has much in common with the organization of scientific research work; provides the review of the opinions of modern methodologists substantiating the need for the development of research skills.
The Economic Impact Assessment of the Novel Coronavirus on Tourism and Trade in Kenya: Lessons from Preceding Epidemics
Authors: Wanjala Kevin 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This paper aims to assess the impact of contemporary Coronavirus Pandemic on tourism and trade with its potential implications on the Kenyan economy.
Method: The study considered the cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Ebola epidemics to provide an understanding of the possible impacts that the novel coronavirus pandemic could have on the economy.
Results: This study established that the demand and supply shocks of the pandemic will inevitably impact Kenya’s economy specifically, the tourism and trade sectors. The Kenyan government has imposed several measures in an attempt to combat the spread of the coronavirus and cushion the country against a possible economic downturn. The study established that the policies imposed have largely focused on demand shock management.
Implications: To effectively minimize the impacts of the pandemic shocks on the economy, it will be prudent for the Kenyan government to design policy responses with a blend of short term and long term orientations. The policies should be multifaceted and their design should involve stakeholders from all the relevant sectors.
First Images of the Protoplanetary Disk around PDS 201
Authors: Wagner Kevin , Stone Jordan , Dong Ruobing , Ertel Steve , Apai Daniel , Doelman David , Bohn Alexander , Najita Joan , Brittain Sean , Kenworthy Matthew , Keppler Miriam , Webster Ryan , Mailhot Emily , Snik Frans 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Scattered light imaging has revealed nearly a dozen circumstellar disks around young Herbig Ae/Be stars—enabling studies of structures in the upper disk layers as potential signs of ongoing planet formation. We present the first images of the disk around the variable Herbig Ae star PDS 201 (V* V351 Ori) and an analysis of the images and spectral energy distribution through 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations and forward modeling. The disk is detected in three data sets with the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer/Large Binocular Telescope mid-infrared camera at the Large Binocular Telescope, including direct observations in the Ks and L′ filters, and an L′ observation with the 360° vector apodizing phase plate coronagraph. The scattered light disk extends to a very large radius of ∼250 au, which places it among the largest of such disks. Exterior to the disk, we establish detection limits on substellar companions down to ∼5 M
Jup at ≳1.″5 (≳500 au), assuming the Baraffe et al. models. The images show a radial gap extending to ∼0.″4 (∼140 au at a distance of 340 pc) that is also evident in the spectral energy distribution. The large gap is a possible signpost of multiple high-mass giant planets at orbital distances (∼60–100 au) that are unusually massive and widely separated compared to those of planet populations previously inferred from protoplanetary disk substructures.
The MESAS Project: ALMA Observations of the F-type Stars γ Lep, γ Vir A, and γ Vir B
Authors: White Jacob Aaron , Tapia-Vázquez F. , Hughes A. G. , Moór A. , Matthews B. , Wilner D. , Aufdenberg J. , Hughes A. M. , De la Luz V. , Boley A. C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The spectrum of stars in the submillimeter to centimeter wavelength range remains poorly constrained due to a lack of data for most spectral types. An accurate characterization of stellar emission in this regime is needed to test stellar atmosphere models, and is also essential for revealing emission associated with unresolved circumstellar debris. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the three nearby, main-sequence, debris-poor, F-type stars γ Lep, γ Vir A, and γ Vir B at 0.87 and 1.29 mm. We use these data to constrain semiempirical atmospheric models. We discuss the atmospheric structure of these stars, explore potential short-term variability, and the potential impact on debris disk studies. These results are part of an ongoing campaign to obtain long wavelength observations of debris-poor stars, entitled Measuring the Emission of Stellar Atmospheres at Submillimeter/millimeter wavelengths.
A Population-Informed Mass Estimate for Pulsar J0740+6620
Authors: Farr Will M. , Chatziioannou Katerina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Galactic double neutron star systems have a tight mass distribution around ∼1.35M
⊙, but the mass distribution of all known pulsars is broader (Tauris et al. 2017). Here we reconstruct the Alsing et al. (2018), Antoniadis et al. (2016) bimodal mass distribution of pulsars observed in binary systems, incorporating data from observations of J0740+6620 which were not available at the time of those works. Because J0740+6620 is an outlier in the mass distribution with non-negligible uncertainty in its mass measurement, its mass receives a large correction from the population, becoming

m

J
0740
+
6620

=

2.03

−
0.08

+
0.10

M

⊙

(median and 68% CI). Stochastic samples from our population model, including population-informed pulsar mass estimates, are available at https://github.com/farr/AlsingNSMassReplication and archived at Farr & Chatziioannou (2020).
Herpes Simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence and risk factors among adolescents and youth with HIV-1 in Northern, Tanzania
Authors: Madebe Rashid , Kiwelu Ireen , Ndaro Arnold , Francis Filbert , Baraka Vito , Theilgaard Zahra , Katzenstein Terese 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Herpes Simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition and transmission. Individuals co-infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2 may have longer lasting, more frequent and severe outbreaks of herpes symptoms. Previous studies have assessed HSV-2 seroprevalence and associated risk factors in adult populations. However, there is limited data on the HSV-2 seroprevalence among adolescents and youth living with HIV-1. The study aimed to determine the HSV-2 seroprevalence and associated risk factors among adolescents and youth living with HIV-1 at referral hospital setting in Northern Tanzania.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and July 2017 among HIV-1-infected individuals aged 10-24 years attending the Child -Centred Family Care Clinic at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre. Blood specimens from 180 individuals were collected for ELISA-based detection of HSV-2 antibodies. Associations between risk factors and HSV-2 seroprevalence were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.
Results: The overall HSV-2 seroprevalence was 18% (32/180). A significant HSV-2 seroprevalence was noted among adolescents and youth, who reported having had sexual intercourse than those who never had sexual intercourse (28.9% vs 13.3%, p = 0.02). Youths aged 20-24 had six folds higher risk of HSV-2 seroprevalence compared to those aged 10-14 years (AOR = 5.97 95% CI 1.31 – 27.19, p = 0.02).
Conclusions: Our study found that HSV-2 seroprevalence increased by age among adolescents and youth living with HIV-1. Age-specific approaches might play an important role in interventions targeting HSV-2 infection.
Dimensions éthiques dans le travail de réseau
Authors: Vannotti Marco 
Published: May 2020

Le texte propose une esquisse des difficultés rencontrées lors d’un travail de réseau dans une situation difficile et chronique et décrit les valeurs qui ont animé ce travail. Comment être suffisamment d’accord entre les intervenants concernés lorsqu’il y a des orientations à définir, des choix à opérer ? L’auteur s’est référé 1) à la pratique de la délibération éthique considérée comme une manière de structurer la réflexion par rapport aux décisions délicates ; 2) à l’éthique des échanges coopératifs. Dans le travail de réseau, une éthique de la coopération permet de vivre et de survivre face à la répétition des échecs, de la souffrance et face au sentiment d’impuissance et aux doutes que ce type de situation installe régulièrement chez les soignants.
Soutenir l’intégration sociale de jeunes vulnérables devant composer avec les défis de transition vers l’âge adulte
Authors: Pauzé Marie , Audet Mélisa , Pauzé Robert 
Published: May 2020

Cet article porte sur deux volets de l’intervention de réseau : – celui de la mobilisation d’un réseau d’intervenants provenant de divers milieux de pratique afin de soutenir les jeunes plus vulnérables au plan social, familial et personnel devant composer avec la transition vers l’âge adulte – et la mise sur pied d’une stratégie pour soutenir le développement d’un réseau social de soutien chez ces jeunes. Trois projets spécifiques sont présentés : la formation d’un réseau de pairs aidants pour les jeunes vulnérables devant composés avec la transition à l’âge adulte, le soutien à l’insertion professionnelle pour ces jeunes et les midis conférence visant à assurer la formation continue et le réseautage des intervenants de la communauté. En guise de conclusion nous mettons l’accent sur la nécessité que ce projet soit porté par une personne qui assure le leadership du projet, anime les rencontres et s’assure du suivi des décisions. L’énergie d’entretien est fondamentale pour assurer la vitalité, la pérennité et le dynamisme des projets.
Avoir le choix (?). Les statuts de l’embryon in vitro et du fœtus mort en France
Authors: Giraud Anne-Sophie 
Published: May 2020

Depuis les années 1990, les statuts de l’embryon in vitro et du fœtus mort présentent certains attributs de la liminalité, mais se reconfigurent d’une manière nouvelle. Ils s’organisent en des situations de choix institués, accordés aux différent·e·s acteur·ice·s, engendreur·se·s et professionnel·le·s. Mais la coexistence de ces statuts opposés que la liminalité rend possible (entre « quasi-enfant » et « pièce anatomique » pour le fœtus mort, entre « enfant potentiel » et résidu d’un processus biotechnique pour l’embryon in vitro ) peut être source de flottements, d’inquiétudes, de tensions.