bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum soluble VSIG4 as a surrogate marker for the diagnosis of lymphoma‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Yuan Shunzong , Wang Yanqing , Luo Hui , Jiang Zheng , Qiao Bing , Jiang Yan , Hu Yaning , Cheng Yang , Chen Xilin , Gong Weihua , Huang Yong , Zhao Weipeng , Luo Deyan , Liu Bing , Su Hang , Zhou Jianfeng , Song Shiping 
Published: January 2020

SummaryLymphoma‐associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (L‐HLH) is characterized by excessively activated macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but few reliable markers for activated macrophages are available clinically. This study, designed to discover novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of lymphoma patients with L‐HLH, was initiated between 2016 and 2018. Fifty‐seven adult lymphoma patients were enrolled — 39 without HLH and 18 with HLH. The differential serum protein expression profile was first screened between lymphoma patients with and without L‐HLH by a quantitative mass spectrometric approach. Soluble V‐set and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 4 (sVSIG4), specifically expressed by macrophages, was significantly upregulated in the L‐HLH group. Subsequently, sVSIG4 concentration was confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to be significantly increased in lymphoma patients with L‐HLH. When it was exploited for the diagnosis of lymphoma patients with L‐HLH, the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve was 0·98 with an optimal cut‐off point of 2195 pg/ml and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 94·44% and 94·87% respectively. In addition, the one‐year overall survival was significantly worse in patients with a sVSIG4 concentration above 2195 pg/ml compared with those below 2195 pg/ml (5·3% vs. 72·2%, P < 0·0001). sVSIG4 may be a surrogate marker of activated macrophages for the diagnosis of lymphoma patients with L‐HLH.
Competing risks analysis of the association between perioperative blood transfusion and long‐term outcomes after resection of colorectal cancer
Authors: Dent O. F. , Ripley J. E. , Chan C. , Rickard M. J. F. X. , Keshava A. , Stewart P. , Chapuis P. H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimDespite numerous reports over three decades, the association between perioperative blood transfusion and long‐term outcomes after resection of colorectal cancer remains controversial. This cohort study used competing risks statistical methods to examine the association between transfusion and recurrence and colorectal cancer‐specific death after potentially curative and noncurative resection.MethodA hospital database provided prospectively recorded clinical, operative and follow‐up information. All surviving patients were followed for at least 5 years. Data were analysed by multivariable competing risks regression.ResultsFrom 2575 patients in the period 1995–2010 inclusive, after exclusions, 2334 remained for analysis. Among 1941 who had a potentially curative resection and 393 who had a noncurative resection the transfusion rates were 24.9% and 33.6%, respectively. After potentially curative resection there was no significant bivariate association between transfusion and recurrence (HR 0.93, CI 0.74–1.16, P = 0.499) or between transfusion and colorectal cancer‐specific death (HR 1.04, CI 0.82–1.33, P = 0.753). After noncurative resection there was no significant association between transfusion and cancer‐specific death (HR 0.93, CI 0.73–1.19, P = 0.560). Multivariable models showed no material effect of potential confounder variables on these results.ConclusionThe competing risks findings in this study showed no significant association between perioperative transfusion and recurrence or colorectal cancer‐specific death.
Multi‐level feature optimization and multimodal contextual fusion for sentiment analysis and emotion classification
Authors: Huddar Mahesh G. , Sannakki Sanjeev S. , Rajpurohit Vijay S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe availability of the humongous amount of multimodal content on the internet, the multimodal sentiment classification, and emotion detection has become the most researched topic. The feature selection, context extraction, and multi‐modal fusion are the most important challenges in multimodal sentiment classification and affective computing. To address these challenges this paper presents multilevel feature optimization and multimodal contextual fusion technique. The evolutionary computing based feature selection models extract a subset of features from multiple modalities. The contextual information between the neighboring utterances is extracted using bidirectional long‐short‐term‐memory at multiple levels. Initially, bimodal fusion is performed by fusing a combination of two unimodal modalities at a time and finally, trimodal fusion is performed by fusing all three modalities. The result of the proposed method is demonstrated using two publically available datasets such as CMU‐MOSI for sentiment classification and IEMOCAP for affective computing. Incorporating a subset of features and contextual information, the proposed model obtains better classification accuracy than the two standard baselines by over 3% and 6% in sentiment and emotion classification, respectively.
Association between increased‐risk donor social behaviors and recipient outcomes after heart transplantation
Authors: Okoh Alexis K. , Chan Olivia , Schultheis Molly , Gupta Mitalie , Shah Aakash , Gold Justin , Russo Mark J. , Lee Leonard Y. , Camacho Margarita 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to investigate the association between social behaviors of increased‐risk donors (IRD) and recipient outcomes after heart transplantation.MethodsThe United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried to identify patients who received a heart transplant between 2004 and 2015. Patients were grouped based on donor's risk status (IRD vs standard risk donor [SRD]). Recipients of IRD were categorized based on donor social behaviors (SB), and recipient survival was assessed. Cox regression analysis was used to identify associations between SB of donors and recipient survival.ResultsOut of 22 333 heart transplantations performed during the study period, 2769 (12%) received an IRD graft with the following SB: Unprofessional tattoos or piercings (n = 1722) (63%), cocaine use (n = 916) (33%), heavy smoking (n = 437) (16%), and heavy alcohol abuse (n = 610) (22%). Viral screens detected 72(3%) hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive and 12 (0.4%) hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive at donation. There was no difference in recipient survival based on both donor risk and their social behaviors. Cox regression analysis found only donor HCV infection and non‐identical ABO mismatch to be associated with poor recipient survival among recipients of IR grafts.ConclusionCardiac allografts from IRD, serologically negative for viruses, can safely be used. There is no association between social behaviors of IRD and recipient survival.
Short‐Term Efficacy of Different First‐Line Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Bei‐Bei , Zhu Weibo , Tao Jun , Li Yun , Du Chuan‐Chong , Chen Yun‐Xia , Liu Yan‐Dong 
Published: January 2020

This study intends to compare short‐term efficacy of 12 chemotherapy regimens in treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by a network meta‐analysis (NMA). PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched from the inception of each database to June 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the 12 chemotherapy regimens for advanced NSCLC were included. Direct and indirect evidence were combined by NMA to evaluate the odds ratio and the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) of the 12 chemotherapy regimens. Nineteen RCTs that met our inclusion criteria were collected in this study. For partial response (PR), gemcitabine exhibited relatively poor efficacy compared with cisplatin + gemcitabine, carboplatin + gemcitabine, carboplatin + paclitaxel, paclitaxel + gemcitabine, and cisplatin + gemcitabine + vinorelbine. For overall response rate (ORR), gemcitabine had poorer efficacy than cisplatin + gemcitabine and paclitaxel + gemcitabine. For disease control rate (DCR), compared with carboplatin + gemcitabine and gemcitabine, paclitaxel + gemcitabine had a better efficacy. Gemcitabine had the lowest SUCRA values in terms of complete response, PR, ORR, stable disease, and DCR; whereas paclitaxel + gemcitabine ranked the highest in ORR, progressive disease, and DCR. The cluster analysis revealed that cisplatin + gemcitabine, paclitaxel + gemcitabine, and cisplatin + gemcitabine + vinorelbine had better short‐term efficacy for advanced NSCLC. Collectively, short‐term efficacy of multidrug combination chemotherapy regimens was superior to that of single‐drug chemotherapy regimens for advanced NSCLC. Cisplatin + gemcitabine, paclitaxel + gemcitabine, and cisplatin + gemcitabine + vinorelbine may have particularly prominent short‐term efficacy for advanced NSCLC.
Alcohol control policies and mortality trends in Belarus
Authors: Grigoriev Pavel , Bobrova Anastacia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimBelarus is among the countries that have very high alcohol consumption levels, and that suffer from a huge burden of excessive drinking. This paper aims to explore the peculiarities of the alcohol control policies implemented in Belarus, and to link these policies to the trends in alcohol consumption and mortality.Data and MethodsOur narrative review of alcohol policies and anti‐alcohol measures is based on the laws, directives and other official documents issued by Belarusian authorities since the early 1990s. The data on alcohol consumption and other relevant variables originate from official statistical books. Our analysis of mortality trends is based upon official statistical tables by causes of death.ResultsDespite the large number of government policy initiatives that authorities claimed were controlling the problem, alcohol consumption in Belarus grew rapidly up to 2010, when it reached the highest level in the world. This negative trend can be largely attributed to inconsistent alcohol control policies. In particular, the implementation of excise taxes encouraged the manufacturing of inexpensive fortified fruit wines. Additionally, measures designed to raise the price of alcohol were inadequate, resulting in strong alcoholic drinks (e.g. vodka) becoming more affordable. However, the third anti‐alcohol campaign, which was launched in 2011, led to declines in both alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related mortality.ConclusionsBelarus has acquired the experience and the legislative foundation needed to implement effective alcohol control polices. To further reduce alcohol‐related harm in Belarus, a steady and consistent long‐term policy perspective is required.
A Continuous‐Time Markov Chain Model–Based Business Analytics Approach for Estimating Patient Transition States in Online Health Infomediary
Authors: Lim Sanghee , Yim Dobin , Khuntia Jiban , Tanniru Mohan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTOnline health infomediaries are emerging as a critical element in the healthcare sector to support and influence individuals’ health and wellness decisions. The business success and effectiveness of health infomediaries depend on the active and sustained engagement of patients. Although the growth in the number of participants in an infomediary is expected to add value by increasing the diversity of information that is potentially exchanged, the infomediary cannot survive without the sustained engagement of existing users. The challenge is to understand the underlying processes at the operational workflow level of an infomediary that can lead to sustained engagement of patients. For an infomediary to increase engagement, it needs to know not only what motivates participants to join an infomediary but also what keeps them engaged in various stages of participation or transitions. In this study, we employ a Markov Chain modeling approach, along with an analysis of the user activities data, to understand the underlying mechanism of patient engagement along with several transition states in an online health infomediary. We tracked 127,610 members, with more than 1 million activities involved in an online health infomediary that supports cosmetic and reconstructive surgery patients over one year. Patients’ decisions for cosmetic and reconstructive surgery are health and well‐being choices that rely not only on patients’ current situation but also on the knowledge and experience of others. This relevance of the health infomediary context is explored in this study. We sampled the activities of 32,505 active users’ activities with data on more than 500,000 activities. We analyzed the dynamics of user behaviors by modeling longitudinal transition probabilities across different states of participation. Additional analyses and robustness checks, using text‐mined data from the users’ activities, are introduced to gain nuanced insights into user engagement. Our study provides several practical implications for the design and management of an online health infomediary.
Characterization of a Parkinson’s disease rat model using an upgraded paraquat exposure paradigm
Authors: Cristóvão Ana Clara , Campos Filipa L. , Je Goun , Esteves Marta , Guhathakurta Subhrangshu , Yang Lichuan , Beal M. Flint , Fonseca Beatriz M. , Salgado Antonio J. , Queiroz João , Sousa Nuno , Bernardino Liliana , Alves Gilberto , Yoon Kyung‐Sik , Kim Yoon‐Seong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnimal models of human diseases are crucial experimental tools to investigate the mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis and to develop new therapies. In spite of the numerous animal models currently available that reproduce several neuropathological features of Parkinson disease (PD), it is challenging to have one that consistently recapitulates human PD conditions in both motor behaviors and biochemical pathological outcomes. Given that, we have implemented a new paradigm to expose rats to a chronic low dose of paraquat (PQ), using osmotic minipumps and characterized the developed pathologic features over time. The PQ exposure paradigm used lead to a rodent model of PD depicting progressive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration, characterized by a 41% significant loss of dopaminergic neuron in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), a significant decrease of 18% and 40% of dopamine levels in striatum at week 5 and 8, respectively, and a significant 1.5‐fold decrease in motor performance. We observed a significant increase of microglia activation state, sustained levels of α‐synucleinopathy and increased oxidative stress markers in the SNpc. In summary, this is an explorative study that allowed to characterize an improved PQ‐based rat model that recapitulates cardinal features of PD and may represent an attractive tool to investigate several mechanisms underlying the various aspects of PD pathogenesis as well as for the validation of the efficacy of new therapeutic approaches that targets different mechanisms involved in PD neurodegeneration.
A behavioural trait displayed in an artificial novel environment correlates with dispersal in a wild bird
Authors: Jablonszky Mónika , Krenhardt Katalin , Markó Gábor , Szász Eszter , Hegyi Gergely , Herényi Márton , Kötél Dóra , Laczi Miklós , Nagy Gergely , Rosivall Balázs , Török János , Garamszegi László Zsolt 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBehaviour shown in a novel environment has important consequences for fitness in many animals. It is widely studied with standard tests by placing the individuals into an unfamiliar experimental area, that is the so‐called open‐field or novel environment test. The biological relevance of traits measured under such artificial conditions is questionable and could be validated by establishing a link with variables that truly reflect exploration in the wild. Our aim in this field study was to characterize behaviours measured in an artificial novel environment (an aviary) and assess the biological relevance of them in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis). Therefore, we measured the repeatability and the association of multiple behavioural traits, as well as their relationship with breeding dispersal (that reflects exploration in the wild). We found evidence for non‐zero repeatability for number of crosses between the quarters, number of hops and perching latency in the aviary, and these repeatabilities were high when assessed at shorter time windows. Additionally, birds with short perching latency in the novel environment were more likely residents and bred closer to their breeding nest box in the previous year, which may suggest that latency to perch is connected to dispersal in the wild. In sum, our results indicate that behaviours assessed in an artificial environment are individual‐specific at least on smaller timescales, and at least, one component of these behaviours is correlated with an ecologically relevant trait.
Online multiaxial fatigue damage evaluation method by real‐time cycle counting and energy‐based critical plane criterion
Authors: Xue L. , Shang D.‐G. , Li D.‐H. , Li L.‐J. , Xia Y. , Hui J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo realize online multiaxial fatigue damage assessment for the mechanical components in service, an online multiaxial cycle counting method is proposed coupled with the segment processing technique and Wang‐Brow's relative equivalent strain concept. Meanwhile, considering all the stress and strain components, which contribute to the fatigue damage on the critical plane, a multiaxial fatigue damage model without any weight coefficients is also proposed in an equivalent form of shear strain energy. Then, an online fatigue damage evaluation method for multiaxial random loading is developed by combining with the proposed damage model and online cycle counting method. The experimental results showed that the proposed online cycle counting method can be successfully applied to the calculation of multiaxial fatigue damage under random loading. Moreover, the proposed online multiaxial fatigue damage evaluation method can provide satisfactory predictions.
Effect of microstructural modification on damage tolerance of 34CrMo4 shaft steel
Authors: Özcan Burak , Gürer Göksu , Gür Cemil H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOverall damage tolerances of the heat‐treated 34CrMo4 steels having ferritic‐pearlitic, bainitic, and tempered‐martensitic microstructures were evaluated based on their threshold stress intensity factor prior to small crack propagation, fatigue strength, and fracture toughness under static loading. Kitagawa‐Takahashi diagrams were constructed to determine the limiting size of small crack propagation. The micromechanical effects of carbide morphology and phase distribution on quasi‐static and dynamic mechanical properties were also elaborated. Fractographic investigations were carried out on the notched fatigue test specimens to distinguish deterioration and deformation mechanism of the microstructure under reversed cyclic loads. Finally, improvements in the damage tolerance were discussed to present the advantages and disadvantages of each heat treatment procedure to minimize in‐service fatigue failures.
Multiple axes of ecological vulnerability to climate change
Authors: Kling Matthew M. , Auer Stephanie L. , Comer Patrick J. , Ackerly David D. , Hamilton Healy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObserved ecological responses to climate change are highly individualistic across species and locations, and understanding the drivers of this variability is essential for management and conservation efforts. While it is clear that differences in exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity all contribute to heterogeneity in climate change vulnerability, predicting these features at macroecological scales remains a critical challenge. We explore multiple drivers of heterogeneous vulnerability across the distributions of 96 vegetation types of the ecologically diverse western US, using data on observed climate trends from 1948 to 2014 to highlight emerging patterns of change. We ask three novel questions about factors potentially shaping vulnerability across the region: (a) How does sensitivity to different climate variables vary geographically and across vegetation classes? (b) How do multivariate climate exposure patterns interact with these sensitivities to shape vulnerability patterns? (c) How different are these vulnerability patterns according to three widely implemented vulnerability paradigms—niche novelty (decline in modeled suitability), temporal novelty (standardized anomaly), and spatial novelty (inbound climate velocity)—each of which uses a distinct frame of reference to quantify climate departure? We propose that considering these three novelty paradigms in combination could help improve our understanding and prediction of heterogeneous climate change responses, and we discuss the distinct climate adaptation strategies connected with different combinations of high and low novelty across the three metrics. Our results reveal a diverse mosaic of climate change vulnerability signatures across the region's plant communities. Each of the above factors contributes strongly to this heterogeneity: climate variable sensitivity exhibits clear patterns across vegetation types, multivariate climate change data reveal highly diverse exposure signatures across locations, and the three novelty paradigms diverge widely in their climate change vulnerability predictions. Together, these results shed light on potential drivers of individualistic climate change responses and may help to inform effective management strategies.
Marine latitudinal diversity gradients, niche conservatism and out of the tropics and Arctic: Climatic sensitivity of small organisms
Authors: Chiu Wing‐Tung Ruby , Yasuhara Moriaki , Cronin Thomas M. , Hunt Gene , Gemery Laura , Wei Chih‐Lin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is a consequence of evolutionary and ecological mechanisms acting over long history, and thus is best investigated with organisms that have rich fossil records. However, combined neontological‐palaeontological investigations are mostly limited to large, shelled invertebrates, which keeps our mechanistic understanding of LDGs in its infancy. This paper aims to describe the modern meiobenthic ostracod LDG and to explore the possible controlling factors and the evolutionary mechanisms of this large‐scale biodiversity pattern.LocationPresent‐day Western North Atlantic.TaxonOstracoda.MethodsWe compiled ostracod census data from shallow‐marine environments of the western North Atlantic Ocean. Using these data, we documented the marine LDG with multiple metrics of alpha, beta (nestedness and turnover) and gamma diversity, and we tested whether macroecological patterns could be governed by different environmental factors, including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and primary productivity. We also explored the geologic age distribution of ostracod genera to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning the LDG.ResultsOur results show that temperature and climatic niche conservatism are important in setting LDGs of these small, poorly dispersing organisms. We also found evidence for some dispersal‐driven spatial dynamics in the ostracod LDG. Compared to patterns observed in marine bivalves, however, dispersal dynamics were weaker and they were bi‐directional, rather than following the ‘out‐of‐the‐tropics’ model.Main conclusionsOur detailed analyses revealed that meiobenthic organisms, which comprise two‐thirds of marine diversity, do not always follow the same rules as larger, better‐studied organisms. Our findings suggest that the understudied majority of biodiversity may be more sensitive to climate than well‐studied, large organisms. This implies that the impacts of ongoing Anthropocene climatic change on marine ecosystems may be much more serious than presently thought.