bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European Union's ‘Potential We’ between Acceptance and Contestation: Assessing the Positioning of Six Eastern Partnership Countries*
Authors: Vieira Alena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present contribution analyses the European neighbourhood policy and the Eastern Partnership (EaP), which celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2019, from the perspective of social identity theory. It is argued that the evolution of both the European neighbourhood policy and the EaP corresponds to the emergence of a distinct EU identity: its ‘potential we’, which has been defying the Russian ‘significant we’ extended to the EaP states. Drawing on the framing analysis of strategic documents and statements, which identifies eight distinct themes, the contribution ascertains three different patterns of EaP states’ interaction with the EU: Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine accepting the ‘EU's potential we’, Armenia holding to the potential we, and Azerbaijan, as well as Belarus, contesting the potential we.
Dysregulation of genes and microRNAs in localized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Gonçalves Fernandes Jussara , Morford Lorri Ann , Harrison Peter Lloyd , Kompotiati Theodora , Huang Hong , Aukhil Ikramuddin , Wallet Shannon Margaret , Macchion Shaddox Luciana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimPrevious data from our laboratory have demonstrated that localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) patients produce elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in response to TLR4 and TLR2 ligation compared to unrelated and periodontally healthy controls (HC). The aim of the present work is to evaluate the contribution of TLR‐related gene expression and miRNA regulation in LAP disease.Material and methodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from LAP and health control (HC) patients were isolated. Gene and miRNA expression involved in TLR signalling pathway and immunopathology were evaluated in unstimulated PBMCs by real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR).ResultsTICAM‐1 (TRIF), FOS, IRAK1, TLR2 and CCL2 genes and the miRNAs miR‐9‐5p, miR‐155‐5p and 203a‐3p, miR‐147a, miR‐182‐5p and miR‐183‐5p were significantly up‐regulated in LAP compared to HC.ConclusionsMost of the genes and miRNAs overexpressed here are directly or indirectly related to immune response and inflammation. This profile supports our previous findings that suggests LAP patients have a “hyper‐responsive” phenotype upon activation of TLR pathway by periodontal pathogens.
Commentary: What conflicts of interest tell us about autism intervention research—a commentary on Bottema‐Beutel et al. (2020)
Authors: Dawson Michelle , Fletcher‐Watson Sue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBottema‐Beutel, Crowley, Sandbank, and Woynaroski (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2020) have performed a Herculean and invaluable task in their investigation of conflicts of interest (COIs) in nonpharmacological early autism intervention research. Drawing on a meta‐analysis of 150 articles reporting group designs, they found COIs in 105 (70%), only 6 (5.7%) of which had fully accurate COI statements. Most reports had no COI statements, but among the 48 (32%) which did, the majority of those declaring no COIs had detectable COIs (23 of 30; 77%). Thus, COI reporting in the literature examined is routinely missing, misleading, and/or incomplete; accurate reporting is the exception rather than the rule. That 120 of the 150 reports were published in 2010 or later, compared to 6 pre‐2000, tells us this is not about practices confined to decades past. Instead, it reflects and is a telling indictment of established standards in autism intervention research.
Applying systems and complexity science to real patient care
Authors: Ramshaw Bruce 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the application of systems and complexity science principles to real patient care.RationaleOur current global health care system is not sustainable. It is structured based on the principles of reductionist science, which was discovered and developed over the past 400 to 600 years. Because of increasing pace of change and increasing complexity in our world, we have increased fragmentation in our health care system leading to more harm and waste. Over 100 years ago, the principles of systems, or complexity, science were discovered, first in the discipline of physics. These principles accommodate the constant change and biologic variability in our world. While reductionist principles would be applicable in a static, mechanical world where parts of the system could be isolated, this does not exist in the real biologic world.MethodsFor the past decade, our abdominal wall hernia team has been applying the principles of systems science to real patient care. Some of the tools we have applied include continuous quality improvement for whole hernia patient processes and non‐linear analytical tools to gain insight to improve value‐based outcomes. Until we learn to apply and scale these principles across our whole global health care system, we will continue to suffer the consequences of our current unsustainable system.ResultsWe have learned that the application of systems and complexity science to real patient care can lead to lower costs and better outcomes in the context of patients with complex hernia problems. However, these concepts have not yet been adopted in our global health care system.ConclusionApplying the principles of systems and complexity science to our global health care system has the potential to lower costs and improve patient outcomes for any patient care process to which it is applied.
Current flood risk management practices in Ghana: Gaps and opportunities for improving resilience
Authors: Almoradie Adrian , de Brito Mariana Madruga , Evers Mariele , Bossa Aymar , Lumor Mawuli , Norman Charlotte , Yacouba Yira , Hounkpe Jean 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article evaluates the current gaps and describes opportunities for improving flood risk management (FRM) in Ghana, West Africa. A mixed‐method participatory approach comprising questionnaires, workshops, interviews with key stakeholders, and a systematic literature review were employed. Existing problems, discourses, FRM practices, and opportunities to enhance flood resilience were identified. They provided the basis for outlining potential research directions into ways of tracking these challenges. The results show how different actors perceive FRM in Ghana. The stakeholders interviewed have different, and even contradictory perceptions of the effectiveness of FRM, which are embedded in their diverse storylines. The findings show that Ghana's FRM is still reactive rather than preventive and that research in the field of quantitative hazard and risk assessment is still rudimentary. FRM policies and flood early warning systems (FEWS) are in place, but efforts should be directed towards their implementation and monitoring, investigation of social and technical capacity aspects, and enhancement of institutions’ mandates, and coordination. Moreover, the findings illustrate that FRM is moving toward a more constructive engagement of citizens and stakeholders. However, policies and action plans need to consider more inclusive community participation in planning and management to effectively improve their resilience and develop sustainable solutions.
The Arabidopsis phosphatase PP2C49 negatively regulates salt tolerance through inhibition of AtHKT1;1
Authors: Chu Moli , Chen Pengwang , Meng Sufang , Xu Peng , Lan Wenzhi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractType 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are the largest protein phosphatase family. PP2Cs dephosphorylate substrates for signaling in Arabidopsis, but the functions of most PP2Cs remain unknown. Here, we characterized PP2C49 (AT3G62260, a Group G PP2C), which regulates Na+ distribution under salt stress and is localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. PP2C49 was highly expressed in root vascular tissues and its disruption enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress. Compared with wild type, the pp2c49 mutant contained more Na+ in roots but less Na+ in shoots and xylem sap, suggesting that PP2C49 regulates shoot Na+ extrusion. Reciprocal grafting revealed a root‐based mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of pp2c49. Systemic Na+ distribution largely depends on AtHKT1;1 and loss of function of AtHKT1;1 in the pp2c49 background overrode the salt tolerance of pp2c49, resulting in salt sensitivity. Furthermore, compared with plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the wild‐type background, plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the athtk1;1 mutant background were sensitive to salt, like the athtk1;1 mutants. Moreover, protein–protein interaction and two‐voltage clamping assays demonstrated that PP2C49 physically interacts with AtHKT1;1 and inhibits the Na+ permeability of AtHKT1;1. This study reveals that PP2C49 negatively regulates AtHKT1;1 activity and thus determines systemic Na+ allocation during salt stress.
N4‐methylcytidine ribosomal RNA methylation in chloroplasts is crucial for chloroplast function, development, and abscisic acid response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tieu Ngoc Le Nguyen , Jung Park Su , Thi Huong Trinh , Lee Kwang Ho , Kang Hunseung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough the essential role of messenger RNA methylation in the nucleus is increasingly understood, the nature of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methyltransferases and the role of rRNA methylation in chloroplasts remain largely unknown. A recent study revealed that CMAL (for Chloroplast
mr
aW‐
Like) is a chloroplast‐localized rRNA methyltransferase that is responsible for N4‐methylcytidine (m4C) in 16S chloroplast rRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we further examined the role of CMAL in chloroplast biogenesis and function, development, and hormone response. The cmal mutant showed reduced chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthetic activity, and growth‐defect phenotypes, including severely stunted stems, fewer siliques, and lower seed yield. The cmal mutant was hypersensitive to chloroplast translation inhibitors, such as lincomycin and erythromycin, indicating that the m4C‐methylation defect in the 16S rRNA leads to a reduced translational activity in chloroplasts. Importantly, the stunted stem of the cmal mutant was partially rescued by exogenous gibberellic acid or auxin. The cmal mutant grew poorer than wild type, whereas the CMAL‐overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants grew better than wild type in the presence of abscisic acid. Altogether, these results indicate that CMAL is an indispensable rRNA methyltransferase in chloroplasts and is crucial for chloroplast biogenesis and function, photosynthesis, and hormone response during plant growth and development.
Dopamine‐induced interactions of female mouse hypothalamic proteins with progestin receptor‐A in the absence of hormone
Authors: Acharya Kalpana D. , Nettles Sabin A. , Lichti Cheryl F. , Warre‐Cornish Katherine , Dutan Polit Lucia , Srivastava Deepak P. , Denner Larry , Tetel Marc J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeural progestin receptors (PR) function in reproduction, neural development, neuroprotection, learning, memory and the anxiety response. In the absence of progestins, PR can be activated by dopamine (DA) in the rodent hypothalamus to elicit female sexual behaviour. The present study investigated mechanisms of DA activation of PR by testing the hypothesis that proteins from DA‐treated hypothalami interact with PR in the absence of progestins. Ovariectomised, oestradiol‐primed mice were infused with a D1‐receptor agonist, SKF38393 (SKF), into the third ventricle 30 minutes prior to death. Proteins from SKF‐treated hypothalami were pulled‐down with glutathione S‐transferase‐tagged mouse PR‐A or PR‐B and the interactomes were analysed by mass spectrometry. The largest functional group to interact with PR‐A in a DA‐dependent manner was synaptic proteins. To test the hypothesis that DA activation of PR regulates synaptic proteins, we developed oestradiol‐induced PR‐expressing hypothalamic‐like neurones derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Similar to progesterone (P4), SKF treatment of hiPSCs increased synapsin1/2 expression. This SKF‐dependent effect was blocked by the PR antagonist RU486, suggesting that PR are necessary for this DA‐induced increase. The second largest DA‐dependent PR‐A protein interactome comprised metabolic regulators involved in glucose metabolism, lipid synthesis and mitochondrial energy production. Interestingly, hypothalamic proteins interacted with PR‐A, but not PR‐B, in an SKF‐dependent manner, suggesting that DA promotes the interaction of multiple hypothalamic proteins with PR‐A. These in vivo and in vitro results indicate novel mechanisms by which DA can differentially activate PR isoforms in the absence of P4 and provide a better understanding of ligand‐independent PR activation in reproductive, metabolic and mental health disorders in women.
Postnatal ossification sequences inAcrocephalus scirpaceusandChroicocephalus ridibundus(Aves: Neognathae): The precocial–altricial spectrum and evolution of compound bones in birds
Authors: Skawiński Tomasz , Borczyk Bartosz , Hałupka Lucyna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough the development of the avian skeleton has attracted considerable attention, most of the studies have been concentrated on the embryonic period, while studies on the postnatal period are rare. We studied the postnatal development of the skeleton in two phylogenetically distant birds, an altricial passerineAcrocephalus scirpaceusand a semiprecocial charadriiformChroicocephalus ridibundus. The neonates of the former, despite being altricial, have well‐ossified skeleton—the degree of development approaches that of the semiprecocial gull. However, after hatching the limb bones (particularly those of the hind limb) ossify earlier in the gull which is probably related to faster acquisition of locomotor abilities. We have observed that, in contrast to previous reports from neognathous birds, in the ankle of the gull, the ascending process fuses with the astragalus rather than with the calcaneum. This type of development is present in palaeognaths and nonavian dinosaurs but has not yet been reported in neognaths. This indicates a greater diversity within Neognathae and suggests a more complex scenario for the evolution of the avian ankle. However, data from a greater number of species are needed to establish the developmental sequence ancestral for neognathous birds. Furthermore, the sequence of bone fusions in the wrist ofAcrocephalusis similar to the fossil‐documented evolutionary sequence observed in the phylogeny of early birds, with the semilunate carpal and major metacarpal fusing first, followed by the alular metacarpal fusing with the major metacarpal and then the major and minor metacarpal fusing proximally. These data underscore the importance of developmental studies for reconstructing the evolutionary history.
Discourse Dynamics and Cultural Context in the Antiwar Movement in the United States (2002–2004)
Authors: Sánchez Estellés Isis M. , Sánchez‐Pinilla Mario Domínguez 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the impact of the antiwar movement (2002–2004) in the United States by analysis the three main coalitions at that time: ANSWER, UFPJ and Win Without War. New concepts and tools have been provided within discourse theory that can improve the analysis of framing and impact. Furthermore, the failure in discourse dynamics of the antiwar movement (2002–2004) is analyzed with a qualitative approach. Finally, we study the cultural context of 9/11, demonstrating that the best analysis for culture might not be ideational and static but, rather, contextual and dynamic.
Comparative Study of Dimensional Stability and Detail Reproduction of Reformulated and Nonreformulated Elastomeric Impression Materials
Authors: Aivatzidou Konstantina , Kamalakidis Savvas N. , Emmanouil Ioannis , Michalakis Konstantinos , Pissiotis Argirios L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the dimensional stability and the detail reproduction of five current elastomeric impression materials in vitro.Materials and MethodsThe materials examined were: 3 different polyether impression materials, a vinyl polysiloxane impression material, and a vinyl polyether silicone impression material. All impression materials were of a medium viscosity. One stainless steel die was fabricated according to the ANSI/ADA specification no.19 criteria. Twenty impressions of this die were made for each material. Dimensional accuracy and surface detail were evaluated 24 hours after making the impressions using a measuring microscope. The data were analyzed using Welch's analysis of variance, Games‐Howell Post‐Hoc, and the Pearson's chi‐square tests (α = 0.05).ResultsStatistical differences were observed in the mean percent dimensional stability (F [4,47] = 39, p < 0.001) of the tested impression materials. The highest dimensional change was recorded for the vinyl polysiloxane impression material, with a mean percent value of –0.09 ± 0.02% (p < 0.001). The lowest dimensional change was recorded for the Monophase polyether material with a mean percent value of –0.03 ± 0.01% (p < 0.038). The best surface detail reproduction results were obtained using the Monophase polyether material (90% acceptable impressions), with no significant differences (χ² [4] = 3.86, p = 0.483) observed between the Monophase and the rest impression materials.ConclusionsAll materials exhibited acceptable dimensional stability, well below the ANSI/ADA specification no.19 standard of ≤0.5% dimensional change. All impression materials demonstrated acceptable surface detail reproduction with no significant differences between them.
Training Professionals to Facilitate Future Planning for Aging Caregivers: Exploratory Results From a Multistate Intervention
Authors: Owen Aleksa , Stober Kaitlin , Crabb Caitlin , Mahar Elizabeth , Heller Tamar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlanning for the future is important for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (I/DD) and their families. When caregivers are no longer able to provide support, individuals with I/DD may experience loss of services or benefits, residential or employment‐related disruption, or other adverse consequences. Up until now, most future planning related interventions and approaches have been focused on directly supporting families and individuals with I/DD. We present findings from a training intervention designed for professionals who work with individuals with I/DD and their families, suggesting that future planning be included in service provision and community outreach. Training participants increased their confidence in helping families plan and their likelihood to take action after participating in a 1‐day training. We discuss the implications of developing disability professionals as allies and resources to families as they engage in future planning activities.
Macroevolutionary patterns in European vegetation
Authors: Lososová Zdeňka , Divíšek Jan , Chytrý Milan , Götzenberger Lars , Těšitel Jakub , Mucina Ladislav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuestionHabitat‐specific species pools are shaped by ecological and evolutionary processes such as speciation, extinction, and migration. However, their role is poorly known because of the lack of robust data on species pools across a large number of plant community types and large areas. Here, we analyse a unique dataset of species pools of diagnostic species for all European vegetation types, asking: (a) what are the patterns of phylogenetic structure and phylogenetic beta‐diversity across European vegetation types and biomes; (b) what are the drivers of these patterns; and (c) is there a signal of niche conservatism at the level of biomes and broad categories of vegetation types?LocationEurope, Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Cyprus, Caucasus, Iceland and Greenland.MethodsWe built a dataset comprising 10,804 vascular plant species (almost 85% of the European flora) assigned to 106 vegetation types representing all European vegetated habitats, grouped into 11 biomes. This dataset represented habitat‐specific species pools. We analysed the phylogenetic structure of the species pools and related it to distribution range sizes of individual vegetation types, their successional status, levels of disturbance and environmental stress.ResultsIn European vegetation, phylogenetic overdispersion is associated with late‐successional habitats: several forest types, aquatic vegetation, and rock‐cliff vegetation serve as depositories of relict lineages. In contrast, phylogenetic clustering is typical of early successional and disturbed vegetation in anthropogenic, coastal and saline habitats, and in open‐canopy Mediterranean vegetation. The phylogenetic similarity of vegetation types is higher within than between broad categories of vegetation types and biomes.ConclusionsThe variable phylogenetic structure of European vegetation types is a heritage of evolutionary processes in the Tertiary and Quaternary. Habitat‐specific species pools of different vegetation types and biomes have been formed by different evolutionary processes as indicated by the observation that certain clades are significantly associated with certain vegetation types or biomes, hence indicating the phylogenetic niche conservatism.
Mixed‐sex offspring produced via cryptic parthenogenesis in a lizard
Authors: Kratochvíl Lukáš , Vukić Jasna , Červenka Jan , Kubička Lukáš , Johnson Pokorná Martina , Kukačková Dominika , Rovatsos Michail , Piálek Lubomír 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFacultative parthenogenesis in vertebrates is believed to be exceptional, and wherever documented, it always led to single‐sex progeny with genome‐wide homozygosity. We report the first challenge to this paradigm: frequent facultative parthenogenesis in the previously assumed sexually reproducing tropical night lizard Lepidophyma smithii results in offspring of both sexes and preserves heterozygosity in many loci polymorphic in their mothers. Moreover, we documented a mixture of sexually and parthenogenetically produced progeny in a single clutch, which documents how cryptic a facultative parthenogenesis can be. Next, we show that in the studied species, 1) parthenogenetically produced females can further reproduce parthenogenetically, 2) a sexually produced female can reproduce parthenogenetically, 3) a parthenogenetically produced female can reproduce sexually, and 4) a parthenogenetically produced male is fully fertile. We suggest that facultative parthenogenesis should be considered even in vertebrates with frequent males and genetically variable, heterozygous offspring.
Subpopulation behaviors in lactose metabolism by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Zeng Lin , Burne Robert A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen Streptococcus mutans is transferred from a preferred carbohydrate (glucose or fructose) to lactose, initiation of growth can take several hours, and substantial amounts of glucose are released during growth. Here, S. mutans strains UA159 and GS‐5 were examined for stochastic behaviors in transcription of the lac operon. Using a gfp reporter fusion, we demonstrated that induction of the lac operon occurs in only a fraction of the population, with prior exposure to carbohydrate source and strain influencing the magniture of the sub‐population response. Lower glucokinase activity in GS‐5 was associated with release of substantially more glucose than UA159 and significantly lower lac expression. Mutants unable to use lactose grew on lactose as the sole carbohydrate when strains with an intact lac operon were also present in the cultures, indicative of the potential for population cheating. Utilizing a set of engineered obligate cheating and non‐cheating strains, we confirmed that cheating can sustain a heterogeneous population. Futher, obligate cheaters of GS‐5 competed well with the non‐cheaters and showed a high degree of competitive fitness in a human‐derived consortium biofilm model. The results show that bet‐hedging behaviors in carbohydrate metabolism may substantially influence the composition and pathogenic potential of oral biofilms.