bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMORBIDITY IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES AND MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH SYSTEM BURDEN
Authors: Maxwell Colleen J , Maclagan Laura C , Marrie Ruth Ann , Mondor Luke , Wodchis Walter , Hogan David B , Bronskill Susan E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Research suggests that older adults with neurodegenerative diseases are at increased risk of developing a subsequent neurodegenerative or comorbid psychiatric disorder or both. Depression and other psychiatric conditions, though prevalent, are often under-diagnosed and under-treated among those with neurodegenerative conditions potentially leading to more rapid disease progression, poorer health outcomes and increased health care use. Few population-based studies have comprehensively examined the risk and temporal ordering of common neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions, including whether these associations differ by age or sex. Initial findings regarding the incidence of ordered pairs of neurological conditions (including dementia, Parkinson’s disease and stroke) and psychiatric disorders (including mood and anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia) will be summarized. This population-based retrospective cohort study will provide essential data to allow policymakers, planners and providers to better anticipate the prognosis and care needs of older adults with comorbid neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions.
CHALLENGES IN IDENTIFYING PERSONS WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES USING HEALTH ADMINISTRATIVE DATABASES
Authors: Maclagan Laura C , Soleimani Serena , Abrahao Agessandro , Zinman Lorne , Campitelli Michael A , Jaakkimainen Liisa , Maxwell Colleen J , Bronskill Susan E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Health administrative databases can be used to quantify prevalence and incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and their impact on health service utilization outcomes at the population level. Algorithms based on diagnosis codes and health service patterns can be used to identify persons suspected to have a neurodegenerative disease. Previous studies have developed and validated algorithms to identify persons with Alzheimer’s and related dementias using primary care medical records as the reference standard, however, little previous work has focused on developing algorithms for rare neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This session will discuss challenges in developing algorithms to identify persons with neurodegenerative diseases accurately and opportunities to improve existing definitions using novel data sources including electronic medical record databases. Preliminary findings regarding the development of an ALS algorithm will be presented.
UNDERSTANDING SEX DIFFERENCES IN OLDER PERSONS WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
Authors: Campitelli Michael A , Maclagan Laura C , Diong Christina , Fu Longdi , Yu Amy Y , Zinman Lorne , Swartz Rick , Bronskill Susan E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sex differences in the incidence, prevalence, and clinical presentation of neurodegenerative diseases have been previously documented, however, sex differences in how individuals with neurodegenerative diseases access the health system remain understudied. Clinical trials and observational studies often do not report data stratified by sex, which limits the understanding of sex-related differences in persons with neurodegenerative diseases. This session will highlight both opportunities and methodological challenges researchers face when undertaking sex and gender research in persons with neurodegenerative diseases using two case studies: 1) sex differences in health service utilization prior to a diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS); and 2) sex differences in care needs and survival among persons who are admitted to a nursing home after a stroke. The findings of these studies may support the development of guidelines and care plans to meet the needs of men and women with neurodegenerative disorders in varied care settings.
PRODUCTIVE AND ACTIVE RURAL AGING: TOWARD CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Skinner Mark , Winterton Rachel , Walsh Kieran 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Despite global trends in rural population ageing, relatively little attention within research and policy has been directed to understanding what it means for rural people, communities and institutions to be at the forefront of twenty-first century demographic change. To build understanding of rural ageing, this symposium draws together papers from four countries to provide insights in the gaps in rural ageing research – specifically the in context of productive and active rural ageing by examining rural work, retirement and volunteering through the critical perspectives of citizenship, contestation and complexity. Winterton and Warburton will explore how active citizenship trends among rural older adults support or hinder the capacity of rural settings to support health ageing. Colibaba and Skinner will discuss the contestation of rural ageing by examining a volunteer-based rural library and the emergent ‘contested spaces of older voluntarism’ whereby older volunteer negotiate their rights and responsibilities associated with ageing and volunteering in rural communities. Duvvury and Ni Leime will examine the interactions between the twin phenomena of feminisation of agriculture and the feminisation of ageing in the consequent implications for rural women’s work and retirement. Skinner and Joseph offer a critical perspective on voluntarism in ageing rural communities by examining volunteer leadership biographies as another means of understanding the contribution of older rural adults.
CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON VOLUNTARISM IN AGING RURAL COMMUNITIES: VOLUNTEER LEADERSHIP BIOGRAPHIES
Authors: Skinner Mark , Joseph Alun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Voluntarism has been portrayed as a productive and even transformative process whereby rural communities, households and older residents are able to meet the challenges of changing rural demographics. Yet, little attention has been paid to building a critical perspective on the complex and often-contested expectations placed on older rural volunteers. This paper focuses on the particular gap in understanding the contributions of older rural adults as a crucial resource in creating opportunities for aging in place and sustainable rural community development. Drawing on research into voluntarism in Canada’s aging resource communities, this paper presents qualitative findings from innovative ‘volunteer leadership biographies’ with older residents who were involved in key voluntary sector initiatives to improve community development. The findings show how older volunteer leadership is embedded in both place (residency) and time (life course), revealing new dimensions to the problem of understanding volunteer leadership in an era of rural population change.
RURAL LIBRARIES AS CONTESTED SPACES OF OLDER VOLUNTARISM IN AGING RURAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Colibaba Amber , Skinner Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent efforts to better understand voluntarism as fundamental to how rural communities are meeting the challenges of population ageing have highlighted ageing rural volunteers, and the attendant burden of older voluntarism, as key issues for ageing in place of rural residents and ageing rural community sustainability. Drawing on a case study of a volunteer-based rural library in Ontario, Canada, this study examines the experiences of older volunteers, the challenges of sustaining volunteer programs, and the implications of older voluntarism for rural community development. Findings from interviews and focus groups with library volunteers, staff, board members and community stakeholders demonstrate how the experiences of older volunteers and challenges of older voluntarism affect rural community development. The results reveal how participation, well-being, conflict and territoriality associated with older voluntarism contributes to ‘contested spaces of older voluntarism’ whereby older volunteers negotiate their rights and responsibilities associated with ageing and volunteering in rural communities.
RURAL WOMEN AND AGING: IMPLICATIONS FOR WORK AND RETIREMENT OF OLDER WOMEN
Authors: Leime Aine Ni , Duvvury Nata , Watson Tanya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
At least half of the world’s female population live in rural areas, and many are ageing. For these rural women, agriculture and informal rural livelihoods are the primary sources of employment, posing critical challenges for them with regard to work and retirement. This paper focuses on the interaction between the twin phenomena of the feminisation of agriculture and the feminisation of ageing and the consequent implications for rural women’s work and retirement. Drawing on qualitative interviews and focus groups with 48 older rural Irish women, the paper establishes the ‘invisibility’ of women’s economic contribution in agriculture, limiting their pension accumulation and constraining their retirement planning. The study found that even women property owners, and designated ‘farmers’, had uncertainty about their pension or retirement income. A key conclusion is that rural women’s pension rights are still not guaranteed posing increased risk of economic insecurity and wellbeing for older rural women.
PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED FEAR OF FALLING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RCTS
Authors: Kruisbrink Marlot , Delbaere Kim , Kempen Gertrudis , Crutzen Rik , Rixt Zijlstra G A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fear of falling (FOF) is common among older people and can result in activity avoidance and decreased physical functioning. Different types of interventions have demonstrated significant small reductions in FOF. To optimize effect sizes, we sought to identify characteristics of interventions that were associated with a change in FOF. Five scientific databases were searched for articles using randomized controlled trial designs in community-dwelling older people without medical conditions. Data extraction included intervention type, setting, group format, type of supervision, provider, delivery format, duration, number of sessions, contact time, and risk of bias (assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Tool). After screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 55 unique studies – reporting on 68 interventions – were systematically reviewed. The majority of interventions focused on exercise (n=50). Interventions were performed at home (n=21) or in a community setting (n=23), were delivered in a group (n=26) or individual (n=30) format, and were often supervised (n=60) and delivered face-to-face (n=56). Duration ranged from 1 to 52 weeks and total contact time with the provider from 2 to 56 hours. Results of 42 interventions were suitable for meta-analysis. Univariate meta-regressions to evaluate associations between intervention characteristics and intervention effects directly after the intervention yielded no significant results. Due to self-reported outcomes and difficulties with blinding, risk of bias was high in all studies. To conclude, intervention characteristics were not associated with changes in FOF in this study. Possible reasons for an absence of associations and future research directions will be discussed.
ASSOCIATIONS OF PAIN INTENSITY WITH SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Patel Kushang , LaCroix Andrea , Crane Paul , Walker Rod L , Richmire KatieRose , Larson Eric B , Rosenberg Dori E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Exercise is recommended for several painful, age-associated conditions; however, relationships between pain intensity and objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity have not been investigated in older adults. Accordingly, we analyzed cross-sectional data on 936 older adults in the ACT Study who self-reported their pain intensity on a 0-10 rating scale (0=no pain; 1-3=mild pain; and 4-10=moderate/severe pain) and wore an activPAL accelerometer. A total of 181 (19.3%) reported no pain, while 564 (60.3%) and 191 (20.4%) reported mild and moderate/severe pain, respectively. Linear regression models adjusted for age and sex estimated that compared to those with no pain, participants with moderate/severe pain walked significantly fewer steps/day (b-coefficient=-778 [95%CI: -1377, -179]) and had fewer sit-to-stand transitions/day (b-coefficient=-2.9 [95%CI: -5.6, -0.1]). In contrast, there were no significant differences in these outcomes comparing no pain versus mild pain. Future research will examine effects of pain treatments (opioids) and diagnoses on accelerometer-measured outcomes.
A BELGIAN VIEW ON BEING RETIRED BUT NOT OUT OF WORK
Authors: Dury Sarah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Retirement is no longer merely the end of a productive life. This changing nature of retirement challenges the common definitions of retirement – that define retirement primarily by what it is not (i.e. no longer working). The aim of this paper is to gain insight into the activity patterns of individuals who recently retired from a full-time job in relation with their well-being. We use data from a qualitative study in which we conducted semi-structured interviews with 45 individuals who retired one to two years ago in Belgium. We used a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Our findings demonstrate that most of the people who are retired from their full-time job remain active within society. First, productive activities, including work and civic engagement. Second, consumer-oriented activities comprising leisure and social contacts. The results suggest that being active, regardless of the type of activity, contributes to well-being.
PRIVATE PARTS: AGING, AI, AND THE ETHICS OF CONSENT IN SUBSCRIPTION-BASED ECONOMIES
Authors: Sawchuk Kim 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper explores Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a technological design offered to assist elder-care based on tracking individual behavior amassed in data bases that are given predictive value through algorithm-identified normative patterns. Examples are drawn from ethnographic research conducted at the 2019 Consumer Electronics Show, including document analysis of product promotions and interviews conducted with company representatives, supplemented by interviews with older adults. The paper focuses on the ethical dilemmas of privacy, security, consent, and identity in home surveillance systems and financialization of personal data in AI subscription-based services. Theoretically the argument, informed by recent discussions on the datafication of self and quantified aging, emphasizes that such a subscription-based economy exploits older individuals by sharing their lifestyle profiles, health information, economic status, and consumer preferences within powerful corporate networks such as Google and Amazon. Conclusions question how the promise of AI is being tied to the future of population aging.
THE RISE OF ROBOT PETS AND DISCOURSES OF TECHNO-COMPANIONSHIP IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Lafontaine Constance 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Robot pets of varying degrees of sophistication are advertised as ideal companions for older adults, with claims that they support their emotional and cognitive needs. A new generation of robot pets (e.g., Lovot) is emerging equipped with internet connections, recognition software, surveillance capacity, and AI platforms to mimic desired aspects of animal-human relationships. This paper draws upon promotional materials gathered at the Consumer Electronics Show 2019 and interviews with robot designers, to probe what the robotization of human-animal relationships tells us about shifting notions of companionship through the life course. The argument is that robot pets are inscribed within discourses that instrumentalize human-animal-technology entanglements and position digital technologies as idealized solutions to perceived age-related problems. Theoretical ideas from animals studies add a creative dimension to aging studies to explore what the societal enthusiasm for robot pets reveals about our understanding of the lived material and relational worlds of older adults.
REPRESENTATIONS OF OLD AGE IN THE CONSUMER ELECTRONICS WORLD
Authors: Ardèvol Mireia Fernández 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper examines representations of old age at the Consumer Electronics Show 2019, identifying how explicit product discourses identify later life with Fourth Age dependency, fragility, decline, and care, as is the case with the home and companion-robot industry. While designers take a Fourth Age approach to the ‘senior market’, they liken their products with those for children, as both old and young are stereotyped as requiring surveillance based on their assumed weaknesses. Thus the technological depictions of old age neglect the diversities of older populations and reinforce dominant ageist and homogenizing narratives about older life as disempowering, passive, and digitally divided. Conclusions question why technological design aimed at helping older individuals are uninformed and misconceived about the realities of later life and what recommendations may be offered to resolve this resulting ageism.
ADULT-LIFE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES: ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT OR A STRESSOR FOR THE AGING BRAIN?
Authors: Burzynska Agnieszka Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The positive association between midlife occupational complexity and cognitive functioning in older age is well documented. Much less is known about the underlying neural mechanisms and whether occupational stress may accelerate neurocognitive aging. According to the BOSS model (Brain aging: Occupational Stimulation and Stress), occupational exposures may serve as long-term protective and risk factors that influence the rate and extent of neurocognitive decline in aging (Burzynska, Jiao & Ganster 2018). We present findings from three independent samples linking different occupational exposures (e.g. work physical demands, innovation, autonomy, employer control) with brain volume in cognitively healthy older adults. We discuss the findings in the context of cognitive reserve and brain maintenance. Our findings suggest that occupational activities need to be acknowledged as an important factor in lifespan cognitive and brain development and warrant further research, with a possible outcome of workplace interventions aimed at optimizing neurocognitive aging.
DOING AGING IN PLACE IN AN AGE-FRIENDLY CITY: AN APERTURE TO THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF OLDER SAN FRANCISCANS
Authors: Yeh Jarmin C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aging in place finds meaning through the quotidian. The mundanity of this work is the crux of its poignancy. This phenomenological study utilizes photovoice to explore how older adults manage to age in place in an age-friendly city. By interrogating micro- and macro-level realities, this study elicits the strategies seventeen informants use, including how their multiple identities and positionalities become implicated in the process of negotiating and navigating everyday environs, their acts of resistance and resilience, their articulations of hope or pressure to manage the future, as well as the risks and opportunities they encounter and the conditions shaping them, such as urbanization, discrimination, and distribution of resources between generations and groups. To "see" how informants do the “doing” of aging in place has implications for age-friendly community initiatives. It helps to capture the sociality of aging and demonstrates the way the materiality of inequality is sown through lived experience.
THE COURSE OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN OLDER ADULTS RECEIVING IN-HOME CARE
Authors: Helvik Anne-Sofie , Barca maria , Bergh Sverre , Šaltytė –Benth Jūratė , Borza Tom 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence, incidence and persistence of depressive symptoms over a 36-month follow-up period among older people receiving in-home care, and to explore the association between cognitive function and the course of depressive symptoms. In all, 1001 older people (≥ 70 years) receiving in-home care were included in a longitudinal study over 36 months. Depressive symptoms, cognitive function, general medical health, activities of daily living, neuropsychiatric symptoms and use psychotropic drugs were assessed at three assessments. Dementia and mild cognitive impairment were diagnosed at all assessments. Baseline demographic characteristics and information on nursing home residency at follow-up were recorded. Linear mixed models were estimated. We found the prevalence and cumulative incidence of individual depressive symptoms to be higher in those with dementia at baseline than in those without. The persistence of depressive symptoms did not differ between those with or without dementia at baseline. The severity of cognitive decline and mean depressive symptom score assessed simultaneously were positively associated, but the strength of the association changed over time and was not significant at the last assessment. In conclusion: The differences in prevalence and cumulative incidence of depressive symptoms in those with and without dementia at baseline, and the association found between degree of cognitive decline and depressive symptoms over time shows that depression and dementia are interconnected. Nurses and clinicians should pay attention to cognitive status when observing or evaluating depression among older people receiving in-home care.
STRESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS PREDICT CLUSTERED HEALTH TRAJECTORIES IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Thoma Myriam V , Höltge Jan , Gee Shauna L Mc , Maercker Andreas , Augsburger Mareike 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The first aim of this study was the empirical identification of clustered health trajectories in older individuals, including an expected, more favorable or successful aging (SA) trajectory. The second aim was the identification and analysis of determinants useful for subgroup membership prediction. Particular focus was on early-life and chronic stress, as well as on a broad set of psychological characteristics, such as resilience, personality traits and general affect. A longitudinal survey study with two assessments one year apart has been conducted with older adults (N=224; mean age = 68 years; 72% women). The clustered health trajectories were identified using a longitudinal variant of k-means. For the prediction of subgroup allocation, random forests with conditional interferences were used. The applied machine learning-based approach revealed two latent clustered health trajectories: a ‘constant high health’ (66% of the sample) and a ‘maintaining low health’ trajectory (34%). Chronic stress and positive affect were found to be the most important predictors. Further predictors and their interactions were found to be important for predicting subgroup belonging, including resilience, self-esteem, social support, optimism, as well as negative affect and pessimism. Also, childhood adversities have to be included to predict subgroup belonging. With this study, we were able to show that individuals can be empirically allocated to two separate joint health trajectories in later life over the observation period of one year. In order to understand the current heterogeneity in health in older age, previous and current stress exposure and psychological characteristics have to be taken into account.