bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Analysis of Chilean and Mexican GI Stromal Tumor Registries: A Tale of Two Latin American Realities
Authors: Calderillo Germán , Muñoz-Medel Matías , Carbajal Edelmira , Córdova-Delgado Miguel , Durán Doris , Retamal Ignacio N. , Fernández Piga , Espinoza Absalón , Salas Rodrigo , de la Paz Mastretta María , Galindo Héctor , Nervi Bruno , Madrid Jorge , Sánchez Cesar , Ibáñez Carolina , Peña José , Mondaca Sebastián , Acevedo Francisco , Koch Erica , Pinto Mauricio P. , Garrido Marcelo 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE Like other malignancies, GI stromal tumors (GIST) are highly heterogeneous. This not only applies to histologic features and malignant potential, but also to geographic incidence rates. Several studies have reported GIST incidence and prevalence in Europe and North America. In contrast, GIST incidence rates in South America are largely unknown, and only a few studies have reported GIST prevalence in Latin America. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our study was part of a collaborative effort between Chile and Mexico, called Salud con Datos. We sought to determine GIST prevalence and patients’ clinical characteristics, including survival rates, through retrospective analysis. RESULTS Overall, 624 patients were included in our study. Our results found significant differences between Mexican and Chilean registries, such as stage at diagnosis, primary tumor location, CD117-positive immunohistochemistry status, mitotic index, and tumor size. Overall survival (OS) times for Chilean and Mexican patients with GIST were 134 and 156 months, respectively. No statistically significant differences in OS were detected by sex, age, stage at diagnosis, or recurrence status in both cohorts. As expected, patients categorized as being at high risk of recurrence displayed a trend toward poorer progression-free survival in both registries. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest report from Latin America assessing the prevalence, clinical characteristics, postsurgery risk of recurrence, and outcomes of patients with GIST. Our data confirm surgery as the standard treatment of localized disease and confirm a poorer prognosis in patients with regional or distant disease. Finally, observed differences between registries could be a result of registration bias.
Propofol Affects Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Biology By Regulating the miR-21/PTEN/AKT Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyu , Dong Linlin , Zhao Su , Li Quanyi , Liu Dandan , Zhu Xidong , Ge Xiaona , Li Ruzhe , Wang Guonian 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:
Propofol is a common sedative-hypnotic drug traditionally used for inducing and maintaining general anesthesia. Recent studies have drawn attention to the nonanesthetic effects of propofol, but the potential mechanism by which propofol suppresses non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression has not been fully elucidated.

METHODS:
For the in vitro experiments, we used propofol (0, 2, 5, and 10 µg/mL) to treat A549 cells for 1, 4, and 12 hours and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to detect proliferation. Apoptosis was measured with flow cytometry. We also transfected A549 cells with an microribonucleic acid-21 (miR-21) mimic or negative control ribonucleic acid (RNA) duplex and phosphatase and tensin homolog, deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) or negative control. PTEN, phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT), and protein kinase B (AKT) expression were detected using Western blotting, whereas miR-21 expression was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In vivo, nude mice were given injections of A549 cells to grow xenograft tumors; 8 days later, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with propofol (35 mg/kg) or soybean oil. Tumors were then collected from mice and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.

RESULTS:
Propofol inhibited growth (1 hour, P = .001; 4 hours, P ≤ .0001; 12 hours, P = .0004) and miR-21 expression (P ≤ .0001) and induced apoptosis (1 hour, P = .0022; 4 hours, P = .0005; 12 hours, P ≤ .0001) in A549 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. MiR-21 mimic and PTEN siRNA transfection antagonized the suppressive effects of propofol on A549 cells by decreasing PTEN protein expression (mean differences [MD] [95% confidence interval {CI}], –0.51 [–0.86 to 0.16], P = .0058; MD [95% CI], 0.81 [0.07–1.55], P = .0349, respectively), resulting in an increase in pAKT levels (MD [95% CI] = –0.82 [–1.46 to –0.18], P = .0133) following propofol exposure. In vivo, propofol treatment reduced NSCLC tumor growth (MD [95% CI] = –109.47 [–167.03 to –51.91], P ≤ .0001) and promoted apoptosis (MD [95% CI] = 38.53 [11.69–65.36], P = .0093).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study indicated that propofol inhibited A549 cell growth, accelerated apoptosis via the miR-21/PTEN/AKT pathway in vitro, suppressed NSCLC tumor cell growth, and promoted apoptosis in vivo. Our findings provide new implications for propofol in cancer therapy and indicate that propofol is extremely advantageous in surgical treatment.
Surgical Complications and Referral Patterns in 567 Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in the Northern Region of the Netherlands: A Population-Based Study Towards Clinical Management Implementation
Authors: van Dijk Deborah , van Dijk Boukje A. C. , Weistra Annemieke , Links Thera P. , Plukker John Th. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the Netherlands, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is treated surgically in three different hospital types, including university, teaching, and non- teaching peripheral hospitals. This study evaluates postoperative complications and referral patterns in patients with DTC in the northern region of the Netherlands to gain an understanding on how to improve management implementation.MethodsData from 567 patients diagnosed between 1989 and 2009 were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and were supplemented with information from hospital digital information systems and patient records from 15 hospitals: 1 university, 3 teaching, and 11 peripheral hospitals. Surgically treated patients with a histologically proven DTC derived from the original pathology reports were included.ResultsSurgical treatment could be performed in a single procedure in 234 patients (41.3%), but several surgeries were needed in the remaining 333 patients (58.7%). Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy occurred after all types of thyroid surgical procedures, but mostly after initial (hemi)thyroidectomy and reoperations. RLN was temporary in 3.2% of the nerves at risk and persistent in 1.8%. Temporary hypocalcemia developed in 13.7% of patients, and persistent hypocalcemia occurred in 4.8%. Patients were mainly referred to the university hospital from a non-teaching (40.7%, 48/118) or teaching hospital (11.1%, 16/144); however, 80% of patients were not referred.ConclusionsThe complication rate and number of multiple surgeries support the efforts in optimizing clinical management in thyroid cancer. Careful considerations prior to initial surgical treatment by early discussion in telemedicine-based regional tumor boards could possibly prevent reoperations and potentially diminish complications.
Domain-Specific Physical Activity, Pain Interference, and Muscle Pain after Activity
Authors: SWAIN CHRISTOPHER T. V. , BASSETT JULIE K. , HODGE ALLISON M. , BRUINSMA FIONA J. , MAHMOOD SHAHID , JAYASEKARA HARINDRA , MACINNIS ROBERT J. , GILES GRAHAM G. , MILNE ROGER L. , ENGLISH DALLAS R. , LYNCH BRIGID M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Using the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, we examined the associations of occupation, household, transport, and leisure physical activity with pain interference with normal work and muscle pain after activity.

Methods
This cross-sectional analysis included 7655 working and 11,766 nonworking participants. Physical activity was assessed using the long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Pain interference was assessed with the Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey version 2.0, and muscle pain after activity was assessed using the 12-item Somatic and Psychological Health Report. Ordered logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and restricted cubic splines were used to graphically represent the shape of associations.

Results
All physical activity domain–pain outcome associations were nonlinear. Compared with participants who reported the lowest level of activity, participants who reported the median level of transport physical activity (10 MET·h·wk−1) reported less pain interference (workers: OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.77–0.97]; nonworkers: OR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.79–0.97]) and muscle pain after activity (workers: OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70–0.95]; nonworkers: OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.77–0.95]). Higher levels of leisure time activity (20 MET·h·wk−1) were associated with less pain interference in nonworkers (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77–0.98) and muscle pain after activity in workers (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56–0.80). Workers who reported the median level of household activity (16 MET·h·wk−1) had increased pain interference (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07–1.32) and muscle pain after activity (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06–1.42) than did those who reported the least household activity.

Conclusions
Associations between domain-specific physical activity and pain outcomes were not uniform. Within the transport and leisure domains, physical activity was inversely associated with pain-related outcomes, whereas household physical activity was positively associated with pain scores within the working sample.
The Relation between Age and Sex on Whole-Body Heat Loss during Exercise-Heat Stress
Authors: D’SOUZA ANDREW W. , NOTLEY SEAN R. , KENNY GLEN P. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Increasing age is associated with decrements in sweat rate that compromise whole-body total heat loss (evaporative + dry heat exchange) in both men and women during moderate-to-vigorous exercise in dry heat. Similarly, young women also display reductions in sweating (that lower evaporative heat loss) relative to young men in such conditions. Nevertheless, it remained unclear whether these effects act synergistically to exacerbate the age-related decline in whole-body total heat loss in women relative to men. We therefore assessed the interrelation between age and sex on whole-body total heat loss during light, moderate, and vigorous exercise in dry heat.

Methods
To achieve this, we used direct and indirect calorimetry to assess whole-body total heat loss and metabolic heat production (respectively) in 46 men and 34 women age between 18 and 70 yr. Participants performed three, 30-min bouts of cycling at metabolic heat productions of 150 (light), 200 (moderate), and 250 (vigorous) W·m−2, each separated by 15-min recovery in dry heat (40°C, ~15% relative humidity).

Results
Whole-body total heat loss was ~5% lower in women relative to men during moderate and vigorous exercise (both, P < 0.01), irrespective of age. Total heat loss declined with age during moderate and vigorous exercise in both men and women (all, P < 0.050), although the rate of that decline (~4% per decade) was similar between men and women across all exercise bouts (all, P > 0.050).

Conclusions
We show that, when assessed in dry heat, whole-body total heat loss is lower in women relative to men, irrespective of age. Furthermore, total heat loss declines with increasing age in both men and women during moderate-to-vigorous exercise, albeit the rate of that decline is not appreciably modified by sex.
Development of a Body Mass Index–based Body Fat Equation: Effect of Handgrip Strength
Authors: NICKERSON BRETT S. , ESCO MICHAEL R. , FEDEWA MICHAEL V. , PARK KYUNG-SHIN 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBody mass index (BMI)–based body fat equations from Womersley (BMIWOMERSLEY), Jackson (BMIJACKSON), Deurenberg (BMIDEURENBERG), and Gallagher (BMIGALLAGHER) are practical in clinical and field settings. However, research has shown these prediction equations produce large error, which may be due to the inability of BMI to account for differences in fat mass and fat-free mass. Thus, accounting for variations in muscular strength via relative handgrip (RHG) strength could help enhance the accuracy of a BMI-based body fat equation.PurposeThe purpose of the current study was twofold: 1) to develop a new BMI-based body fat equation that includes the measurement of RHG (BMINICKERSON) and 2) to cross-validate BMINICKERSON, BMIWOMERSLEY, BMIJACKSON, BMIDEURENBERG, and BMIGALLAGHERagainst a four-compartment criterion.MethodsThe development and cross-validation samples consisted of 230 and 110 participants, respectively. Criterion body fat percent was determined with a four-compartment model. RHG was calculated by summing the max of each handgrip strength measurement and dividing by body mass. BMI (kg·m−2), RHG (kg·kg−1), age (yr), ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic White), and sex (male or female) were entered into a stepwise regression to calculate BMINICKERSON.ResultsBMINICKERSONwas calculated as follows: body fat percent = 21.504 – (12.484 × RHG) – (7.998 × sex) + (0.722 × BMI). In the cross-validation sample, BMINICKERSONproduced lower constant error (CE) and total error (TE) values (CE = –0.11%, TE = 4.28%) than all other BMI-based body fat equations (CE = 0.89%–1.90%, TE = 5.71%–6.87%). Furthermore, the 95% limits of agreement were lower for BMINICKERSON± 8.47% than previous BMI-based body fat equations (95% limits of agreement = ±11.14% to 13.33%).ConclusionCurrent study results confirm that previous BMI-based body fat equations produce large error in Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites but can be improved by accounting for RHG. Allied health professionals are encouraged to use BMINICKERSONin clinical and field settings for adiposity assessments.
Outcome of modified interlaminar decompression: A conservative decompressive surgery for lumbar spine stenosis
Authors: Azam Farooq , Sharafat Seema , Khan Zahid , Ali Mumtaz 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of modified interlaminar decompression in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).
Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from July 2014 to June 2018. All patients with degenerative LSS who underwent modified interlaminar decompression during the study period were included in the study. The patients were followed up to one year after surgery. The data was entered into a structured questionnaire designed according to the study which was then analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: A total of 182 LSS cases were included in the study and 236 levels were operated during the study period. According to the records increased prevalence of LSS was found among males i.e. 58.8%. The common level with degenerative stenosis involved was L4-5. Good to excellent outcomes were observed in 93.9% patients in the 1st follow-up visit. The most common complication of surgery was dural tear followed by wound infection.
Conclusion: Modified interlaminar decompression is a conservative surgical technique, proved to be a potential approach with acceptable complications, satisfactory outcomes and it is easy to learn.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1170
How to cite this:Azam F, Sharafat S, Khan Z, Ali M. Outcome of modified interlaminar decompression: A conservative decompressive surgery for lumbar spine stenosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):663-667. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1170
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Continuous positive pressure ventilation combined with pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Miao Jing , Xie Haitao , Zhang Yanping , Guo Xiaohui , Cui Min 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) combined with pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).
Methods: Eighty-two NRDS patients who received treatment from August 2017 to June 2019 in our hospital were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group using random number table, 41 in each group. The control group was treated with CPAP, and the observation group was treated with pulmonary surfactant injection besides CPAP. The therapeutic effect, blood gas index, mechanical ventilation parameters and occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups.
Results: The total response rate of the observation group was 90.24%, which was significantly higher than 70.73% of the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, the improvement of blood gas indexes of the observation group was better than that of the control group. The hospitalization time and duration of oxygen treatment of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group, and the hospitalization cost was higher than the control group (P<0.05). The difference of incidence of complications between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Endotracheal injection of pulmonary surfactant combined with CPAP in the treatment of NRDS can enhance the efficacy, promote the recovery of blood gas index, and reduce the parameters of mechanical ventilation and the incidence of complications, which is conducive to improving the respiratory function of the newborn. The therapy is worth application in the treatment of NRDS patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1963
How to cite this:Miao J, Xie H, Zhang Y, Guo X, Cui M. Continuous positive pressure ventilation combined with pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):647-651. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1963
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Standardized approach to result analysis and interpretation of initial experience of coronary computed tomography angiography in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Nishtar Tahira , Ullah Nadeem , Ahmad Tabish , Ahmad Fatima 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To have a systematic standardized approach to performing and interpretation of coronary CT Angiography (CTA) in order to maintain and enhance the diagnostic accuracy of the imaging modality.
Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed in Radiology Department, Lady Reading Hospital, Medical Teaching Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan from August 2018 to September 2019. Patients referred for coronary CT angiography were screened and prepared in radiology department. The examination was performed on Toshiba-160 slice CT Scanner (Prime Aquilion) utilizing standardized protocols tailored towards optimum image acquisition. Interpretation of the images were based on the guidelines provided by the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT).
Results: Total 95 CTCA procedures were performed in the department, out of which 85 were included in study showing 49 (57%) as normal and 36 (42%) were positive for coronary disease. Of the abnormal cases 16(18.8%) had mild disease, nine (10.6%) patients had moderate disease, while severe disease was noted in 11 (12.9%) cases. Coronary quantitative stenosis revealed five cases (5.9%) with LAD involvement only and five (5.9%) with severe triple vessel disease. The remaining varied in degree of stenosis and number of segments involved. Post CABG were 14 cases (16%) and native arteries showed triple vessel disease. CTA for percutaneous stent patency were three (3.5%) cases with 100% stent patency.
Conclusion: Patient selection with tailored protocols are the mainstay for achieving optimal images. This form the basis for accurate interpretation, based on a standardized and systematic approach, utilizing various post processing tools, in order to maintain the high diagnostic accuracy of this semi-invasive, safe imaging modality in a variety of patients suspected of coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass grafts and stent patency.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2174
How to cite this:Nishtar T, Nadeem Ullah, Ahmad T, Ahmed F. Standardized approach to result analysis and interpretation of initial experience of coronary computed tomography angiography in a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):683-688. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2174
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE RELATIVISTIC AND NON-RELATIVISTIC TREATMENT OF THE Λ-HYPERNUCLEI
Authors: Koutroulos C. G. 
Published: April 2020

Using as an example potentials of the form U±(r)=-D±(cosh^2(r/R))^-1 the binding energies as well as the root mean square radii of the orbits of the Λ particle in hypernuclei in the ground and excited states were calculated in the relativistic and non-relativistic cases and the results are compared.
Projectile Fragmentation of 16O and 32S beams from Dubna LHE Synchrophasotron
Authors: Sampsonidis D. , Kulakov B. A. , Krivopustov M. I. , Butsev V. S. , Zamani M. 
Published: April 2020

We investigate the charge changing collisions for 16O and 32S beams, using the experimental method of Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD). Sample reading was performed by an automatic measurement system. We determined the total charge changing cross sections and the partial cross sections for the production of fragments of cherge 9<Z<14.
Application of the quantum mechanical hypervirial theorems to even-power series potentials
Authors: Liolios T. E. , Grypeos M. E. 
Published: April 2020

The class of the even-power series potentials:V(r)=-D+ Σ_k^{\infty} V_kλ^kr^{2k+2}, Vo=ω^2>0, is studied with the aim of obtaining approximate analytic ex­pressions for the energy eigenvalues, the expectation values for the potential and the kinetic energy operator, and the mean square radii of the orbits of a particle in its ground and excited states. We use the Hypervirial Theorems (HVT) in conjunction with the Hellmann-Feynman Theorem (HFT) which provide a very powerful scheme especially for the treatment of that type of potentials, as previous studies have shown. The formalism is reviewed and the expressions of the above mentioned quantities are subsequently given in a convenient way in terms of the potential parameters and the mass of the particle, and are then applied to the case of the Gaussian potential and to the potential V(r)=-D/cosh^2(r/R). These expressions are given in the form of series expansions, the first terms of which yield in quite a number of cases values of very satisfactory accuracy.
Heavy Ion RBS Characterization of Multilayer Coatings Deposited on Glass Through the Sol-Gel Technique
Authors: Aslanoglou X. , Assimakopoulos P. A. , Trapalis C. , Kordas G. , Karakassides M. A. , Pilakouta M. 
Published: April 2020

Multilayer reflecting thin films of the systems TiO2-SiO2 and ZrO2-SiO2 were deposited on glass surface using the sol-gel technique. A 12C beam was utilized in RBS analysis to investigate the inner structure of these multilayer stacks. No evidence for defects or diffusion between the layers were found. Optical Spectroscopy showed wavelength selectivity in the reflection of an 8-layer TiO2-SiO2 sample.