bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex emission patterns: fluctuations and bistability of polar-cap potentials
Authors: Jones P B 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Development of the ion-proton pulsar model extends it to the limit of large unscreened polar-cap potentials, for example, as in the Vela pulsar, in which ion charges differ only by small increments from their complete screening values. It is shown that the atomic number Z of an ion following its passage from the canonical Z0 = 26 value through the electromagnetic shower region to the surface is not necessarily time-independent but can vary between fixed limits in an irregular or quasi-periodic way in a characteristic time of the order of 104 s. Thus, at a certain Z the system may transition to an unstable state of higher electric potential and it is argued that this is the physical basis for mode-changes, long-term nulls, periodic or otherwise. The model requires an orientation of magnetic dipole moment relative to rotational spin giving a positive corotational charge density. Success of the model would fix the particle composition of the remaining parts of the magnetosphere, including the Y-point and is therefore relevant to X-ray and γ-ray emission processes.
MOVES III. Simultaneous X-ray and ultraviolet observations unveiling the variable environment of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b
Authors: Bourrier V , Wheatley P J , Lecavelier des Etangs A , King G , Louden T , Ehrenreich D , Fares R , Helling Ch , Llama J , Jardine M M , Vidotto A A 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
In this third paper of the MOVES (Multiwavelength Observations of an eVaporating Exoplanet and its Star) programme, we combine Hubble Space Telescope far-ultraviolet (FUV) observations with XMM–Newton/Swift X-ray observations to measure the emission of HD 189733 in various FUV lines, and its soft X-ray spectrum. Based on these measurements we characterize the interstellar medium towards HD 189733 and derive semisynthetic XUV spectra of the star, which are used to study the evolution of its high-energy emission at five different epochs. Two flares from HD 189733 are observed, but we propose that the long-term variations in its spectral energy distribution have the most important consequences for the environment of HD 189733b. Reduced coronal and wind activity could favour the formation of a dense population of Si2+ atoms in a bow-shock ahead of the planet, responsible for pre- and in-transit absorption measured in the first two epochs. In-transit absorption signatures are detected in the Lyman α line in the second, third, and fifth epochs, which could arise from the extended planetary thermosphere and a tail of stellar wind protons neutralized via charge-exchange with the planetary exosphere. We propose that increases in the X-ray irradiation of the planet, and decreases in its EUV irradiation causing lower photoionization rates of neutral hydrogen, favour the detection of these signatures by sustaining larger densities of H0 atoms in the upper atmosphere and boosting charge-exchanges with the stellar wind. Deeper and broader absorption signatures in the last epoch suggest that the planet entered a different evaporation regime, providing clues as to the link between stellar activity and the structure of the planetary environment.
SiS formation via gas phase reactions between atomic silicon and sulphur-bearing species
Authors: Paiva Mateus A M , Lefloch Bertrand , Galvão Breno R L 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The potential energy surface for the Si + SH and Si + SH2 reactions is explored using the highly accurate explicit correlation multireference configuration interaction method. For atomic silicon colliding with SH, SiS + H is predicted to be the main reaction channel with no activation energy. The reaction Si + SH2 → SiS + H2 is found to be largely thermodynamically favourable, but likely to be slow, due to its spin forbidden nature. Several details on possible mechanisms are evaluated, and implications for astrochemical models are discussed. Among other results, we show that SiS is stable towards collisions with H and H2, and that the HSiS molecule will quickly be converted to SiS in collisons with atomic hydrogen.
A phase I/II trial of 5-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery with 5-mm margins with concurrent temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: primary outcomes
Authors: Azoulay Melissa , Chang Steven D , Gibbs Iris C , Hancock Steven L , Pollom Erqi L , Harsh Griffith R , Adler John R , Harraher Ciara , Li Gordon , Hayden Gephart Melanie , Nagpal Seema , Thomas Reena P , Recht Lawrence D , Jacobs Lisa R , Modlin Leslie A , Wynne Jacob , Seiger Kira , Fujimoto Dylann , Usoz Melissa , von Eyben Rie , Choi Clara Y H , Soltys Scott G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
We sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 5-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with 5-mm margins delivered with concurrent temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods
We enrolled adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma to 5 days of SRS in a 3 + 3 design on 4 escalating dose levels: 25, 30, 35, and 40 Gy. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grades 3–5 acute or late CNS toxicity, including adverse radiation effect (ARE), the imaging correlate of radiation necrosis.

Results
From 2010 to 2015, thirty patients were enrolled. The median age was 66 years (range, 51–86 y). The median target volume was 60 cm3 (range, 14.7–137.3 cm3). DLT occurred in 2 patients: one for posttreatment cerebral edema and progressive disease at 3 weeks (grade 4, dose 40 Gy); another patient died 1.5 weeks following SRS from postoperative complications (grade 5, dose 40 Gy). Late grades 1–2 ARE occurred in 8 patients at a median of 7.6 months (range 3.2–12.6 mo). No grades 3–5 ARE occurred. With a median follow-up of 13.8 months (range 1.7–64.4 mo), the median survival times were: progression-free survival, 8.2 months (95% CI: 4.6–10.5); overall survival, 14.8 months (95% CI: 10.9–19.9); O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase hypermethylated, 19.9 months (95% CI: 10.5–33.5) versus 11.3 months (95% CI: 8.9–17.6) for no/unknown hypermethylation (P = 0.03), and 27.2 months (95% CI: 11.2–48.3) if late ARE occurred versus 11.7 months (95% CI: 8.9–17.6) for no ARE (P = 0.08).

Conclusions
The per-protocol MTD of 5-fraction SRS with 5-mm margins with concurrent temozolomide was 40 Gy in 5 fractions. ARE was limited to grades 1–2 and did not statistically impact survival.
Neuromodulation Techniques in Phantom Limb Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pacheco-Barrios Kevin , Meng Xianguo , Fregni Felipe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effects of neuromodulation techniques in adults with phantom limb pain (PLP).

Methods
A systematic search was performed, comprising randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental (QE) studies that were published from database inception to February 2019 and that measured the effects of neuromodulation in adults with PLP. Hedge’s g effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed.

Results
Fourteen studies (nine RCTs and five QE noncontrolled studies) were included. The meta-analysis of RCTs showed significant effects for i) excitatory primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation in reducing pain after stimulation (ES = −1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.26 to −0.45); ii) anodal M1 transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in lowering pain after stimulation (ES = −1.50, 95% CI = −2.05 to 0.95), and one-week follow-up (ES = −1.04, 95% CI = −1.64 to 0.45). The meta-analysis of noncontrolled QE studies demonstrated a high rate of pain reduction after stimulation with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (rate = 67%, 95% CI = 60% to 73%) and at one-year follow-up with deep brain stimulation (rate = 73%, 95% CI = 63% to 82%).

Conclusions
The evidence from RCTs suggests that excitatory M1 stimulation—specifically, anodal M1 tDCS—has a significant short-term effect in reducing pain scale scores in PLP. Various neuromodulation techniques appear to have a significant and positive impact on PLP, but due to the limited amount of data, it is not possible to draw more definite conclusions.
Molecular dynamics simulations suggest stabilizing mutations in a de novo designed α/β protein
Authors: Gill Matthew , McCully Michelle E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Designing functional proteins that can withstand extreme heat is beneficial for industrial and protein therapeutic applications. Thus, elucidating the atomic-level determinants of thermostability is a major interest for rational protein design. To that end, we compared the structure and dynamics of a set of previously designed, thermostable proteins based on the activation domain of human procarboxypeptidase A2 (AYEwt). The mutations in these designed proteins were intended to increase hydrophobic core packing and inter-secondary-structure interactions. To evaluate whether these design strategies were successfully deployed, we performed all-atom, explicit-solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of AYEwt and three designed variants at both 25 and 100°C. Our MD simulations agreed with the relative experimental stabilities of the designs based on their secondary structure content, Cα root-mean-square deviation/fluctuation, and buried-residue solvent accessible surface area. Using a contact analysis, we found that the designs stabilize inter-secondary structure interactions and buried hydrophobic surface area, as intended. Based on our analysis, we designed three additional variants to test the role of helix stabilization, core packing, and a Phe → Met mutation on thermostability. We performed the additional MD simulations and analysis on these variants, and these data supported our predictions.
Vector Lattices Admitting a Positively Homogeneous Continuous Function Calculus
Authors: Laustsen Niels Jakob , Troitsky Vladimir G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We characterize the Archimedean vector lattices that admit a positively homogeneous continuous function calculus by showing that the following two conditions are equivalent for each $n$-tuple $\boldsymbol{x} = (x_1,\ldots ,x_n)\in X^n$, where $X$ is an Archimedean vector lattice and $n\in{\mathbb{N}}$: • there is a vector lattice homomorphism $\Phi _{\boldsymbol{x}}\colon H_n\to X$ such that $$\begin{equation*}\Phi_{\boldsymbol{x}}(\pi_i^{(n)}) = x_i\qquad (i\in\{1,\ldots,n\}),\end{equation*}$$where $H_n$ denotes the vector lattice of positively homogeneous, continuous, real-valued functions defined on ${\mathbb{R}}^n$ and $\pi _i^{(n)}\colon{\mathbb{R}}^n\to{\mathbb{R}}$ is the $i^{\text{}}$th coordinate projection;• there is a positive element $e\in X$ such that $e\geqslant \lvert x_1\rvert \vee \cdots \vee \lvert x_n\rvert$ and the norm$$\begin{equation*}\lVert x\rVert_e = \inf\bigl\{ \lambda\in[0,\infty)\:\colon\:\lvert x\rvert{\leqslant}\lambda e\bigr\},\end{equation*}$$defined for each $x$ in the order ideal $I_e$ of $X$ generated by $e$, is complete when restricted to the closed sublattice of $I_e$ generated by $x_1,\ldots ,x_n$.
Moreover, we show that a vector space which admits a ‘sufficiently strong’ $H_n$-function calculus for each $n\in{\mathbb{N}}$ is automatically a vector lattice, and we explore the situation in the non-Archimedean case by showing that some non-Archimedean vector lattices admit a positively homogeneous continuous function calculus, while others do not.
Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the inflammatory sonographic features in erosive hand osteoarthritis: an intervention study
Authors: Xu Qun Xia , Wittoek Ruth 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim was to examine whether inflammatory US features in erosive hand OA patients change when discontinuing intake of NSAIDs before US examination in a non-randomized study.

Methods
Patients (n = 99) were allocated to the NSAIDs or control group according to their intake at baseline. US was performed at baseline (T0) and 2 weeks after discontinuation of NSAIDs (T1). Inflammatory features (i.e. synovial proliferation, effusion and power Doppler signal) were scored using a semi-quantitative scale (from zero to three). Pain levels were scored on a numerical rating scale. Binomial mixed models were fitted for US features, and odds ratios of having a US score of at least two vs at most one for synovial proliferation and effusion, and zero vs at least one for power Doppler were calculated.

Results
At baseline, both groups [NSAIDs group (n = 47) vs control group (n = 52)] were comparable for numerical rating scale pain, disease duration, number of radiographically affected joints, BMI and US baseline data, but not for age (P = 0.005). At T1, more synovial proliferation and power Doppler signal was seen compared with T0 in the NSAIDs group (P = 0.018 and 0.031, respectively). However, the interaction term time*NSAIDs was not found to be significant for any variable. The numerical rating scale pain at T1 was higher compared with baseline, although statistically non-significant.

Conclusion
No significant changes in inflammatory US features were seen in patients with erosive hand OA after withdrawal of NSAIDs for 2 weeks. This study suggests that an NSAID-free period is not necessary before assessing inflammatory disease activity in erosive hand OA.
Mixed methods study of a new model of care for chronic disease: co-design and sustainable implementation of group consultations into clinical practice
Authors: Russell-Westhead Michele , O’Brien Nicola , Goff Iain , Coulson Elizabeth , Pape Jess , Birrell Fraser 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Group consultations are used for chronic conditions, such as inflammatory arthritis, but evidence of efficacy for treatment to target or achieving tight control is lacking. Our aim was to establish whether group consultation is a sustainable, co-designed routine care option and to explore factors supporting spread.

Methods
The study used mixed methods, observational process/outcome data, plus qualitative exploration of enabling themes. It was set in two community hospitals, in 2008–19, with a third hospital from 2016, and was triangulated with primary care qualitative data. There was a total of 3363 arthritis patient attendances at 183 clinics during 2008–19. The early arthritis cohort comprised 46 patients, followed monthly until the treatment target was achieved, during 2016–19. Focus groups included 15 arthritis and 11 osteoporosis group attendees. Intervention was a 2 h group consultation, attended monthly for early/active disease and annually for stable disease. Measurements included attendance, DAS, satisfaction and enabling themes.

Results
There was a mean number of 18.4 patients per clinic (n = 16, 2010–15; n = 18, 2016; n = 20, 2017; n = 23, 2018–19). Forty per cent (1161/2874) of patients with DAS data reached low disease activity (DAS &lt; 3.2) or remission (DAS &lt; 2.6). Forty-six early arthritis patients followed monthly until they achieved remission responded even better: 50% remission; and 89% low disease activity/remission by 6 months. Qualitative analysis derived five main enabling themes (efficiency, empathy, education, engagement and empowerment) and five promotors to translate these themes into practice (prioritization, personalization, participation, personality and pedagogy). Limitations included the prospectively collected observational data and pragmatic design susceptible to bias.

Conclusion
Co-designed group consultations can be sustainable, clinically effective and efficient for monthly review of early active disease and annual review of stable disease. Promoting factors may support effective training for chronic disease group consultations.
Mortality, Revascularization, and Cardioprotective Pharmacotherapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Psychotic Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chang Wing Chung , Chan Joe Kwun Nam , Wong Corine Sau Man , Hai JoJo Siu Han , Or Philip Chi Fai , Chen Eric Yu Hai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in psychotic disorders. There is a paucity of research comprehensively evaluating short-term mortality, cardiovascular complications, and treatment inequality after cardiac events in patients with psychotic disorders. This population-based cohort study examined 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality, cardiovascular complication rates, 30-day and 1-year receipt of invasive cardiac procedures, and 90-day post-discharge cardioprotective medication treatment following admission for first-recorded acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among patients with psychotic disorders (n = 703) compared with patients without psychotic disorders (n = 66 989) between January 2006 and December 2016 in Hong Kong (HK). Study data were retrieved from territory-wide medical record database of public healthcare services to 7.5 million HK residents. Multivariate regression analyses (ORs and 95% CIs), adjusting for demographics and medical comorbidities, were conducted to evaluate associations between psychotic disorders and post-ACS outcomes. Our results showed that patients with psychotic disorders had higher 30-day (OR: 1.99 [95% CI: 1.65–2.39]) and 1-year (2.13 [1.79–2.54]) mortality, and cardiovascular complication rates (1.20 [1.02–1.41]), lower receipt of cardiac catheterization (30-d: 0.54 [0.43–0.68]; 1-y: 0.46 [0.38–0.56]), percutaneous coronary intervention (30-d: 0.55 [0.44–0.70]; 1-y: 0.52 [0.42–0.63]) and reduced β-blockers (0.81 [0.68–0.97]), statins (0.54 [0.44–0.66]), and clopidogrel prescriptions (0.66 [0.55–0.80]). Associations between psychotic disorder and increased mortality remained significant even after complications and treatment receipt were additionally adjusted. Our findings indicate that psychotic disorders are associated with increased risks of short-term post-ACS mortality, cardiovascular complications, and inferior treatment. Excess mortality is not substantially explained by treatment inequality. Further investigation is warranted to clarify factors for suboptimal cardiac-care and elevated mortality in psychotic disorders to enhance post-ACS outcome.
The law applicable to third-party effects of transactions in intermediated securities
Authors: Heindler Florian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The conflict-of-laws rules applicable to the third-party effects of transactions in intermediated securities have attracted a great deal of interest in legal practice and academia. The article reviews the current legal developments in the European Union (EU), the international trends (Geneva Securities Convention and Hague Securities Convention), and the challenges of technological innovation. The article proposes interpreting the category of conflict-of-laws rules applicable to the third-party effects of transactions in intermediated securities in a concise, short, functional, and abstract way. Furthermore, it puts the discussions on the proper connecting factor into context and comments on the most recent developments in the EU in this respect. Finally, it adds to the discussion on proper connecting factors for digital ledger technology-based settlement systems (blockchain) and other current trends.
Household Impacts of Tariffs: Data and Results from Agricultural Trade Protection
Authors: Artuc Erhan , Porto Guido , Rijkers Bob 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
How do trade reforms impact households in different parts of the income distribution? This paper presents a new database, the Household Impacts of Tariffs data set, which contains harmonized household survey and tariff data for 54 low- and middle-income countries. The data cover highly disaggregated information on household budget and income shares for 53 agricultural products, wage labor income, non-farm enterprise sales and transfers, as well as spending on manufacturing and services. Using a stylized model of the first-order impacts of import tariffs on household real income, this paper quantifies the welfare implications of agricultural trade protection. On average, unilateral elimination of agricultural tariffs would increase household incomes by 2.50 percentage points. Import tariffs have highly heterogeneous effects across countries and within countries across households, consumers, and income earners; the average standard deviation of the gains from trade within a country is 1.01 percentage points.
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Use of Ultrasonography to Verify Umbilical Venous Catheter Placement in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Mele Robert , Panesar Laurie E. , Heyden Marybeth , Sridhar Shanthy , Brandon Debra 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Literature dating back to 1982 supports the use of ultrasound to confirm UVC position as a more reliable method compared to x-ray. The use of ultrasound to confirm UVC position remains infrequent in the NICU.

Purpose:
To determine the feasibility of training an NNP in the acquisition and interpretation of a parasternal short-axis (PSAX) image of the heart to confirm UVC position.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 48 charts evaluated descriptive data using standard technique of an x-ray to confirm UVC placement. An NNP was trained to acquire and interpret a parasternal short-axis (PSAX) cardiac view by a pediatric cardiologist. The NNP independently and prospectively evaluated 21 neonates and determined whether the UVC was in satisfactory or unsatisfactory position. The same image was blindly over-read by the pediatric cardiologist. Agreement between the NNP and pediatric cardiologist interpretations as well as the pediatric cardiologist and radiologist interpretations was evaluated using the κ-test.

Results:
Initial pediatric cardiology interpretation of UVC position showed the UVC to be malpositioned in 66% of neonates (n = 14). NNP and pediatric cardiology interpretations in UVC position had 86% agreement (κ-0.667). Pediatric cardiology (ultrasound) and radiology interpretations (x-ray) in UVC position had 86% agreement (κ-0.69).

Implications for Practice:
It is feasible to train NNPs to perform and accurately interpret a single PSAX ultrasound image to determine satisfactory UVC position.

Implications for Research:
Increasing the use of ultrasound to determine satisfactory position of UVCs in the NICU can reduce unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation in neonates.
XEN Gel Stent in Pediatric Glaucoma
Authors: Smith Oluwatosin U. , Grover Davinder S. , Emanuel Mathew E. , Godfrey David G. , Fellman Ronald L. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To report a series of 3 eyes of 3 children with congenital glaucoma receiving the XEN gel stent implant.

Patients and Methods:
An interventional case series is reported.

Results:
Three eyes underwent implantation of the gel stent. In 2 cases, the gel implant procedure was performed after failed trabeculotomy, while in the third eye, primary gel stent implantation was performed. One eye received 2 implants. Three procedures were performed via an ab interno approach while the fourth was performed ab externo. No device-related complications were observed. In all 3 eyes, intraocular pressure was controlled without the use of topical medications through 6 to 24 months of follow-up.

Conclusions:
The gel stent implant can be safely used in children with congenital glaucoma and effectively lowers intraocular pressure in these eyes. This procedure is a viable follow-up to, or replacement for, traditional angle surgery in eyes with congenital glaucoma.