bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain during a marathon run: Prevalence and correlates in a cross-sectional study of 1251 runners
Authors: O'Connor Patrick J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Science-based information about pain during a marathon run is scant. Based on related research it was hypothesized that: (i) most marathon runners would report moderate intensity pain, (ii) pain during the marathon would be associated with pain experienced while training as well as overall perceived exercise intensity, and (iii) females would experience pain earlier during the marathon and rate the pain intensity as higher after adjusting for expected sex-related differences in effort.Methods 1,251 runners, 550 females, ran in 252 different marathons and completed an online survey. Mile at which pain first occurred indicated pain threshold. Pain intensity was measured with a widely used 0–10 numerical graphical scale. Pearson and partial correlations examined the strength of associations. Sex-related differences in pain were tested using independent t-tests and, for the pain location data, z-scores for tests of two proportions. Effort ratings were added as a covariate in an ANCOVA to test if effort accounted for possible sex-related differences in pain.Results Most runners (99.8%) reported pain during a marathon, and most frequently in the thigh (17.1%), hamstring (10%) and calf (9.3%) body locations. The mean pain threshold occurred at 15.7 ± 6.1 miles; the mean overall pain intensity was 5.26 ± 2.45. No sex-related pain differences were found. Overall pain intensity during a marathon was significantly associated with: pain intensity of training runs (r = .39), percentage of training days with run-induced pain (r = .23), highest intensity pain ever experienced (r = .23), number of prior marathons (r = − .18) and intensity of effort (r = .11) (all P < 0.001).Conclusions Most runners experience moderate to very strong intensity pain during a marathon; the pain is independent of biological sex, and the pain is associated with marathon race experience, pain during training, race effort and the highest intensity of pain ever experienced.
Chronic Pain After Breast Surgery: Incidence, Associated Factors and Impact on Quality of Life, an Observational Prospective Study
Authors: Villa Gianluca , Mandarano Raffaele , Calabrisotto Caterina Scirè , Rizzelli Valeria , Duca Martina Del , Montin Diego Pomarè , Paparella Laura , De Gaudio A. Raffaele , Romagnoli Stefano 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. Chronic pain after breast surgery (CPBS) has a disabling impact on postoperative health conditions. Mainly because of the lack of a clear definition, inconsistency does exist in the literature concerning both the actual incidence of and the risk factors for CPBS. The aim of this prospective, observational study is to describe incidence of and risk factors for CPBS, defined in accordance with the IASP taskforce. The impact of CPBS on patients’ daily functions is also described. Methods. Adult female patients scheduled for oncological or reconstructive breast surgery at the Breast Unit of Careggi Hospital (Florence, Italy) were prospectively observed. Persistent postoperative pain was evaluated at 2 months (“pain becoming chronic”) and at 3 months (CPBS) after surgery. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were compared in CPBS and No-CPBS groups through multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. Among the 307 patients considered in this study, the incidence of “pain becoming chronic” was 25.4% [95%CI 20.6%-30.7%], while that of CPBS was 28% [95%CI 23.1%-33.4%]. The presence of persistent pain at 2 months concords with the presence of CPBS at 3 months (Cohen k coefficient 0.63, IC95% 0.54-0.73). Results from the logistic regression analysis suggest that axillary surgery (OR [95%CI], 2.99 [1.13-7.87], p=0.03), preoperative use of pain medications (OR [95%CI], 2.04 [1.20-3.46], p=0.01), and dynamic NRS values at 6 hours postoperatively (OR [95%CI], 1.28 [1.05-1.55], p=0.01) were all independent predictors for CPBS. Conclusions. Chronic pain after breast surgery is a frequent complication. The presence of an earlier form of persistent pain at 2 months after surgery concords with the occurrence of CPBS. The possibility to early detect persistent pain, particularly in those patients at high risk for CPBS, might help physicians to more effectively prevent pain chronicization. In our cohort, long-term use of analgesics for preexisting chronic pain, axillary surgery, and higher dynamic NRS values at 6 hours postoperatively were all factors associated with increased risk of developing CPBS. Trial registration: clinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04309929
The amino acid transporter OsAAP4 contributes to rice tillering and grain yield by regulating neutral amino acid transport through two splicing variants
Authors: Fang Zhongming , Wu Bowen , Ji Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Amino acids, which are transported by amino acid transporters, are the major forms of organic nitrogen utilized by higher plants. Among the 19 Amino Acid Permease transporters (AAPs) in rice, only a small number of these genes have been reported to influence rice growth and development. However, whether other OsAAPs are responsible for rice growth and development is unclear.
Results
In this study, we demonstrate that OsAAP4 promoter sequences are divergent between Indica and Japonica, with higher expression in the former, which produces more tillers and higher grain yield than does Japonica. Overexpression of two different splicing variants of OsAAP4 in Japonica ZH11 significantly increased rice tillering and grain yield as result of enhancing the neutral amino acid concentrations of Val, Pro, Thr and Leu. OsAAP4 RNA interference (Ri) and mutant lines displayed opposite trends. In addition, exogenous Val or Pro at 0.5 mM significantly promoted the bud outgrowth of lines overexpressing an OsAAP4a splicing variant compared with ZH11, and exogenous Val or Pro at 2.0 mM significantly enhanced the bud outgrowth of lines overexpressing splicing variant OsAAP4b compared with ZH11. Of note, the results of a protoplast amino acid-uptake assay showed that Val or Pro at different concentrations was specifically transported and accumulated in these overexpressing lines. Transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that OsAAP4 may affect nitrogen transport and metabolism, and auxin, cytokinin signaling in regulating rice tillering.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that OsAAP4 contributes to rice tiller and grain yield by regulating neutral amino acid transport through two different splicing variants and that OsAAP4 might have potential applications in rice breeding.
Identify Superior Parental Lines for Biparental Crossing via Genomic Prediction: Rice as an Example
Authors: Chung Ping-Yuan , Liao Chen-Tuo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

A set of superior parental lines is the key to high-performing recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for biparental crossing in a rice breeding program. The number of possible crosses in such a breeding program is often far greater than the number that breeders can handle in the field. A practical parental selection method via genomic prediction (GP) is therefore developed to help breeders identify a set of superior parental lines from a candidate population before field trials.
Results

The parental selection via GP often involves truncation selection, selecting the top fraction of accessions based on their genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). However, the truncation selection inevitably causes a loss of genomic diversity in the breeding population. To preserve genomic variation, the selection of closely related accessions should be avoided. We first proposed a new index to quantify the genomic diversity for a set of candidate accessions. Then, we compared the performance of three classes of strategy for the parental selection, including those consider (a) GEBV only, (b) genomic diversity only, and (c) both GEBV and genomic diversity. We analyzed two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome datasets for the comparison. The results show that the strategies considering both GEBV and genomic diversity have the best or second-best performance for all the traits analyzed in this study.
Conclusion

Combining GP with Monte Carlo simulation can be a useful means of parental selection for rice pre-breeding programs. Different strategies can be implemented to identify a set of superior parental lines from a candidate population. In consequence, the strategies considering both GEBV and genomic diversity that can balance the starting GEBV average with maintenance of genomic diversity should be recommended for practical use.
Machine Learning to Forecast Medical Attentions of Pneumonia Cases in Colombian Cities: An implementation with Air Quality, Meteorological and Admission Data
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous authors have evidenced the relationship between air pollution-aerosols and meteorological variables with the occurrence of pneumonia. Forecasting the number of attentions of pneumonia cases may be useful to optimize the allocation of healthcare resources and support public health authorities to implement emergency plans to face an increase in patients. The purpose of this study is to implement four machine-learning methods to forecast the number of attentions of pneumonia cases in the five largest cities of Colombia by using air pollution-aerosols, and meteorological and admission data.Methods: The number of attentions of pneumonia cases in the five most populated Colombian cities was provided by public health authorities between January 2009 and December 2019. Air pollution-aerosols and meteorological data were obtained from remote sensors. Four machine-learning methods were implemented for each city. We selected the machine-learning methods with the best performance in each city and implemented two techniques to identify the most relevant variables in the forecasting developed by the best-performing machine-learning models. Results: According to R2 metric, random forest was the machine-learning method with the best performance for Bogotá, Medellín and Cali; whereas for Barranquilla, the best performance was obtained from the Bayesian adaptive regression trees, and for Cartagena, extreme gradient boosting had the best performance. The most important variables for the forecasting were related to the admission data.Conclusions: The results obtained from this study suggest that machine learning can be used to efficiently forecast the number of attentions of pneumonia cases, and therefore, it can be a useful decision-making tool for public health authorities.
Microbial Upgrading of Acetate into 2,3-Butanediol and Acetoin by E. coli W
Authors: Novak Katharina , Kutscha Regina , Pflügl Stefan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcetate is an abundant carbon source and its use as an alternative feedstock has great potential for the production of fuel and platform chemicals. Acetoin and 2,3-butanediol represent two of these potential platform chemicals. ResultsThe aim of this study was to produce 2,3-butanediol and acetoin from acetate in Escherichia coli W. The key strategies to achieve this goal were: strain engineering, in detail the deletion of mixed acid fermentation pathways E. coli W ΔldhA ΔadhE Δpta ΔfrdA 445_Ediss and the development of a new defined medium containing five amino acids and seven vitamins. Stepwise reduction of the media additives further revealed that diol production from acetate is mediated by the availability of aspartate. Other amino acids or TCA cycle intermediates did not enable growth on acetate. Cultivation under controlled conditions in batch and fed-batch experiments showed that aspartate was consumed before acetate, indicating that co-utilization is not a prerequisite for diol production. The addition of aspartate gave cultures a start-kick and was not required for feeding. Pulsed fed-batches resulted in the production of 1.43 g l-1 from aspartate and acetate and 1.16 g l-1 diols (2,3-butanediol and acetoin) from acetate alone. The yield reached 0.09 g diols per g acetate, which accounts for 26 % of the theoretical maximum.ConclusionThis study for the first time showed acetoin and 2,3-butanediol production from acetate as well as the use of chemically defined medium for product formation from acetate in E. coli. Hereby, we provide a solid base for process intensification and the investigation of other potential products.
Validity and Reliability of the Portuguese-Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (P-PASS) for Portuguese individuals with disabilities
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Lopes , Simões Ana Lúcia , Dourado Marília , Holm Margo B , Rogers Joan C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing need to measure health outcomes and to ensure a more independent life, it is essential to validate instruments capable of assessing the functionality of activities of daily living. The Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS), based on three assessment parameters (independence, safety and adequacy), allows health professionals to delineate their interventions more effectively according to the needs of each client. The purpose of this study was to create a Portuguese version of the PASS (P-PASS) and to measure the performance of people with disabilities. Methods. Linguistic validation was performed through the translation/back-translation procedure. Next, the scale to be completed by health professionals was submitted to a clinical review by a panel of experts. Subsequently, it was applied to 98 people with physical and/or cognitive disabilities. The data collected were then analyzed and the results evaluated in accordance with the three PASS parameters. The results were also analyzed in terms of age and gender. Results. To create the Portuguese version, one task was removed from the original PASS and seven tasks were combined or adapted. Task independence had the highest scores and adequacy the lowest. In terms of reliability, the P-PASS revealed almost perfect levels of agreement between observers, except for the adequacy parameter of the ‘bed mobility’ task that showed moderate agreement. In general, the original structure of the PASS was replicated in the Portuguese version. Men presented greater independence than women in the tasks of ‘bill paying by ATM’ and ‘changing TV command batteries.’ Participants under 60 years of age had the highest scores overall. Conclusions. The combination or adaptation of some items to be more culturally relevant is a valid procedure that has been used by other authors during the validation of PASS items. The results obtained by P-PASS showed comparable scores with the original PASS and with other translated/adapted versions. The P-PASS is a valid and reliable scale for the Portuguese population, enabling more effective measurement of health outcomes.
JaponiconeA Induces Apoptosis of Bortezomib-Sensitive and –Resistant Myeloma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo through Targeting IKKβ
Authors: Zhang Zilu , Ye Chenjing , Liu Jia , Xu Wenbin , Wu Chao , Yu Qing , Xu Xiaoguang , Zeng Xinyi , Wu Yingli , Yan Hua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal proliferative disease of abnormal plasma cells. Relapse and drug resistance still remain to be solved, so new therapeutic drugs are needed to be adopted to further improve the prognosis of MM. JaponiconeA (JA) is a natural product isolated from Inula japonica Thunb, the anti-tumor effect and mechanism in MM has not been studied.Methods: CCK8 and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of MM cell lines with JA treatment. And the in vivo effects of JA were verified in the subcutaneous xenograft mice model of MM. In addition, we analyzed the possible targets and mechanism of JA through RNA-seq and c-Map databases, and we verified the specific target of JA in MM cell lines and bortezomib-resistant MM cell line through CETSA and rescue experiments. JA and bortezomib were used separately or together to treat MM cell lines to explore the synergetic effect. Results: In vitro experiments, JA inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest of MM cell lines, and JA selectively killed primary CD138+ MM cells but spared normal human mononuclear cells. In vivo experiments, JA also showed good anti-tumor effect with no observable toxicity. In addition, JA achieved good synergetic effect in combination with bortezomib, and enhanced the anti-tumor effect of bortezomib in bortezomib-resistant cells. According to RNA-seq and c-Map data, the target protein of JA might be IKKβ. CETSA experiment confirmed that JA can bind IKKβ directly in vitro, and overexpression of IKKβ could partly rescue the apoptosis induced by JA.Conclusion: JA exhibited strong anti-tumor effects in MM. It sensitized myeloma cells to bortezomib and overcame NF-κB induced drug resistance through inhibiting IKKβ, which providing a new treatment strategy for MM patients.
WITHDRAWN: The secret behind peripheral inflammation and depression: The hypothalamus
Authors: Petrozzi Bruno Pedraz , Blecker Carlo , Neumann Elena , Sammer Gebhard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In recent years there has been increasing evidence of an inflammatory component due to overstimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenals (HPA) in depression. The glutamate metabolites (glutamate and glutamine) are important metabolites that are involved in this stimulation. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of hypothalamic glutamate metabolites in depression and to investigate their relationship to peripheral inflammation. Participants with diagnosed depression (DE; n = 24) and control subjects without depression (HC; n = 25) were investigated. Hypothalamic glutamate metabolites were recorded using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Peripheral cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β) were assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. For statistical analysis, generalized mixed models were computed using Poisson distributions and a log link function. The results show overall higher hypothalamic glutamate metabolites in DE compared to HC. High TNF-a and IL-1ß concentrations are associated with high hypothalamic glutamate metabolites in DE. These results provide initial evidence that, in depression, increased HPA axis activity is associated with peripheral inflammation favored by hypothalamic glutamate metabolites.
Diversity Influences Tree Aboveground Carbon Stocks Through Functional Diversity and Functional Dominance in the Dry Evergreen Afromontane Forest of Hararghe Highland, Southeast Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Mengistu , Asfaw Zebene , Mohammed Muktar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function has increasingly been debated as the key ecological issues behind ecosystem service provision. Still, many experimental and theoritical based studies have reported inconsistent patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships, supporting either niche complementarity or selection effect hypothesis. In this study, aboveground carbon (AGC) stock used as a proxy for ecosystem function and examined its relationship with species diversity, through functional diversity and functional dominance. It is hypothesized that (i) diversity influences AGC through functional diversity and functional dominance effects; and (ii) effects of diversity on AGC would be parted for both functional dominance and functional diversity. Community weight mean (CWM) of functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area, and maximum plant height) was calculated to assess functional dominance (selection effects). As for functional diversity (complementarity effects), multi-trait functional diversity (selection effects) indices were computed. The first hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling. For the second hypothesis, the effects of environmental variables such as slope, aspect and elevation were tested first, and separate linear mixed effects models were fitted afterward for functional diversity, functional dominance, and both.Results: Results revealed that tree aboveground carbon varied significantly along the slope gradient. Species diversity (richness) had a positive relationship with aboveground carbon, even when elevation effects were considered. As predicted, diversity effects on aboveground carbon were mediated through functional diversity and functional dominance, suggesting that both the niche complementarity and the selection effects are not exclusively affecting carbon stock. However, the effects were greater for functional diversity than for functional dominance. Furthermore, functional dominance effects were strongly transmitted by CWM of maximum plant height, reflecting the importance of forest vertical stratification of diversity and carbon relationship. We therefore argue for stronger complementary effects that would be induced also by complementary light use efficiency of tree and species growing in the understory layer.Conclusions: Species diversity (richness) influences carbon stock through functional diversity and functional dominance. Both the niche complementarity and selection hypotheses are important predictors of carbon stock in the study forest.
rSodC is a Potential Antigen to Diagnose Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis by Enzyme-linked Immunoassay
Authors: de Farias Antonio Pedro Fróes , Filho José Tadeu Raynal Rocha , Marchioro Silvana Beutinger , Moreira Luan Santana , Marques Andressa Souza , de Sá Maria da Conceição Aquino , Oliveira Antonio Anderson dos Santos , Alcântara Maria Emília , Mariutti Ricardos Barros , Arni Raghuvir Krishnaswamy , Trindade Soraya Castro , Meyer Roberto 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CL) is a chronic infectious disease that affects sheep and goats. Many serological tests have been developed to detect the disease; one of the most widely used is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), due to its advantages. ELISA formulations using recombinant proteins can exhibit significant sensitivity and specificity when using a single purified antigen. DTxR, Trx, TrxR, LexA, SodC, SpaC, NanH, and PknG recombinant proteins can be considered target proteins for ELISA development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the antigenic reactivity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis recombinant proteins in goat and sheep serum. Of eight proteins evaluated, rSodC was selected for validation assays with small ruminant serum samples from the semiarid region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Validation assays with goat serum samples showed that rSodC presented sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 94%, respectively. Validation assays with sheep serum showed that recombinant SodC exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 98%, respectively. Analysis of 756 field serum samples showed that rSodC identified 95 positive samples (23%) in goats and 75 positive samples (21%) in sheep. The ELISA with recombinant SodC protein developed in this study discriminated positive and negative serum samples with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. This formulation is promising for epidemiological surveys and CL control programs.