bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enrollment Management and Admissions Policies at Regional Public Universities
Authors: DeMonbrun Matt , Warshaw Jarrett B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe college enrollment landscape has changed vastly in the last couple of decades. As such, regional public universities (RPUs) have had to become increasingly strategic in how they recruit new students to attend their institutions. For example, total college enrollment has declined from 2010 to 2017, and this population continues to become more diverse in race/ethnicity and socioeconomic background. This chapter highlights the strategic enrollment‐related changes that these institutions have undergone across key variables. We close with two case studies, examining these changes across two state systems of higher education to better understand how these variations occur in contexts of broader state demographics and public policies. The findings from this chapter suggest that RPUs have largely experienced similar changes together over the last 10 years of this analysis, showing modest increases in tuition rates and institutional aid amid declining state appropriations and decreases in average first‐year standardized test scores and graduate student enrollment.
Storytelling and Presidential Leadership at a Regional Public University
Authors: Borsig Jim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes the evolution of a regional public university president's communication strategy from being a fact‐driven presenter to becoming the university's principal storyteller by integrating institutional data and metrics with meaningful stories from students, faculty, staff, and alumni. The case describes a crisis of agreement where university's constituencies appear seriously divided, yet through a structured process based on their shared experiences and stories about the impact of the university on their lives reveals that significant agreement exists. The crisis is the lack of awareness such agreement exists, and storytelling becomes one method to recognize it. Presidential storytelling becomes the means to link these important constituencies together, as well as to illustrate the university's positive impact on its people and region. Storytelling becomes the university president's principal means of communicating the value and purpose of the regional public university's mission, while different from a large land‐grant or research university, remains vital and important to its students, the business community, public officials, the region, as well as the university itself.
Investigating the relationship between social care supply and healthcare utilization by older people in England
Authors: Liu Dan , Pace Maria Lucia , Goddard Maria , Jacobs Rowena , Wittenberg Raphael , Mason Anne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince 2010, adult social care spending in England has fallen significantly in real terms whilst demand has risen. Reductions in social care supply may also have impacted demand for NHS services, particularly for those whose care is provided at the interface of the health and care systems. We analyzed a panel dataset of 150 local authorities (councils) to test potential impacts on hospital utilization by people aged 65 and over: emergency admission rates for falls and hip fractures (“front‐door” measures); and extended stays of 7 days or longer; and 21 days or longer (“back‐door” measures). Changes in social care supply were assessed in two ways: gross current expenditure (per capita 65 and over) adjusted by local labor costs and social care workforce (per capita 18 and over). We ran negative binomial models, controlling for deprivation, ethnicity, age, unpaid care, council class, and year effects. To account for potential endogeneity, we ran instrumental variable regressions and dynamic panel models. Sensitivity analysis explored potential effects of funding for integrated care (the Better Care Fund). There was no consistent evidence that councils with higher per capita spend or higher social care staffing rates had lower hospital admission rates or shorter hospital stays.
Evidence for different molecular parameters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of nonsmokers and nondrinkers: Systematic review and meta‐analysis on HPV, p16, and TP53
Authors: Mulder Frans J. , Pierssens Damiana D. C. G. , Baijens Laura W. J. , Kremer Bernd , Speel Ernst‐Jan M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this review was to present an overview of the currently identified molecular parameters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of nonsmokers and nondrinkers (NSND).MethodsFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar.ResultsOf the 902 analyzed unique studies, 74 were included in a quantitative synthesis and 24 in a meta‐analysis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was reported as a molecular parameter in 38 studies, followed by p16 and TP53 (23 and 14 studies, respectively). The variety of other molecular parameters concerned sporadic findings in small numbers of NSND.ConclusionsHNSCC in NSND is more often related to HPV and p16 overexpression compared to tumors of smokers‐drinkers. In a third of virus‐negative tumors, TP53 mutations were detected with a mutational profile associated with aging and ultraviolet light exposure rather than to tobacco consumption.
Head and neck surgery during the coronavirus‐19 pandemic: The University of California San Francisco experience
Authors: Wai Katherine C. , Xu Mary Jue , Lee Rex H. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , George Jonathan R. , Heaton Chase M. , Knott P. Daniel , Park Andrea M. , Ryan William R. , Seth Rahul , Ha Patrick K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines regarding head and neck surgical care have evolved during the coronavirus‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Data on operative management have been limited.MethodsWe compared two cohorts of patients undergoing head and neck or reconstructive surgery between March 16, 2019 and April 16, 2019 (pre‐COVID‐19) and March 16, 2020 and April 16, 2020 (COVID‐19) at an academic center. Perioperative, intraoperative, and postoperative outcomes were recorded.ResultsThere were 63 operations during COVID‐19 and 84 operations during pre‐COVID‐19. During COVID‐19, a smaller proportion of patients had benign pathology (12% vs 20%, respectively) and underwent thyroid procedures (2% vs 23%) while a greater proportion of patients underwent microvascular reconstruction±ablation (24% vs 12%,). Operative times increased, especially among patients undergoing microvascular reconstruction±ablation (687 ± 112 vs 596 ± 91 minutes, P = .04). Complication rates and length of stay were similar.ConclusionsDuring COVID‐19, perioperative outcomes were similar, operative time increased, and there were no recorded transmissions to staff or patients. Continued surgical management of head and neck cancer patients can be provided safely.
A prospective study of intraoperative assessment of mucosal squamous cell carcinoma margins in the head and neck
Authors: Smithers Fiona A. E. , Haymerle Georg , Palme Carsten E. , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Froggatt Catriona , Gupta Ruta , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn head and neck cancers, tumor margin assessment has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Frozen section control of margins is commonly employed intraoperatively. However, this is not without limitations. The aim of this study is to determine whether intraoperative slicing of the whole specimen is feasible and what impact this may have on tumor margin assessment and the requirement for postoperative radiotherapy.MethodsFrom September 2016 to August 2018, we recruited 22 patients as a pilot study looking at both the practicalities and the clinical relevance of whole margin tumor analysis intraoperatively. Our project is a prospective single arm study with historical controls.ResultsForty‐one percent of our patients required further intraoperative resection for close or involved margins. Seven of these patients who otherwise would have required adjuvant radiotherapy due to their margin status did not, after our intervention.ConclusionsWe found that although requiring resources, this process was feasible without unduly increasing operative times and with potential patient benefit including reduced incidence of adjuvant radiotherapy.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α Prevents the Steatosis‐to‐NASH Progression by Regulating p53 and Bile Acid Signaling (in mice)
Authors: Xu Yanyong , Zhu Yingdong , Hu Shuwei , Xu Yang , Stroup Diane , Pan Xiaoli , Bawa Fathima Cassim , Chen Shaoru , Gopoju Raja , Yin Liya , Zhang Yanqiao 
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is highly enriched in the liver, but its role in the progression of nonalcoholic liver steatosis (NAFL) to NASH has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of gain or loss of HNF4α function on the development and progression of NAFLD in mice.

Approach and Results
Overexpression of human HNF4α protected against high‐fat/cholesterol/fructose (HFCF) diet–induced steatohepatitis, whereas loss of Hnf4α had opposite effects. HNF4α prevented hepatic triglyceride accumulation by promoting hepatic triglyceride lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and VLDL secretion. Furthermore, HNF4α suppressed the progression of NAFL to NASH. Overexpression of human HNF4α inhibited HFCF diet–induced steatohepatitis in control mice but not in hepatocyte‐specific p53−/−
mice. In HFCF diet–fed mice lacking hepatic Hnf4α, recapitulation of hepatic expression of HNF4α targets cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase and sterol 12α‐hydroxylase and normalized hepatic triglyceride levels and attenuated steatohepatitis.

Conclusions
The current study indicates that HNF4α protects against diet‐induced development and progression of NAFLD by coordinating the regulation of lipolytic, p53, and bile acid signaling pathways. Targeting hepatic HNF4α may be useful for treatment of NASH.
Hippocampal spatial memory representations in mice are heterogeneously stable
Authors: Levy Samuel J. , Kinsky Nathaniel R. , Mau William , Sullivan David W. , Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe population of hippocampal neurons actively coding space continually changes across days as mice repeatedly perform tasks. Many hippocampal place cells become inactive while other previously silent neurons become active, challenging the idea that stable behaviors and memory representations are supported by stable patterns of neural activity. Active cell replacement may disambiguate unique episodes that contain overlapping memory cues, and could contribute to reorganization of memory representations. How active cell replacement affects the evolution of representations of different behaviors within a single task is unknown. We trained mice to perform a delayed nonmatching to place task over multiple weeks, and performed calcium imaging in area CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus using head‐mounted miniature microscopes. Cells active on the central stem of the maze “split” their calcium activity according to the animal's upcoming turn direction (left or right), the current task phase (study or test), or both task dimensions, even while spatial cues remained unchanged. We found that, among reliably active cells, different splitter neuron populations were replaced at unequal rates, resulting in an increasing number of cells modulated by turn direction and a decreasing number of cells with combined modulation by both turn direction and task phase. Despite continual reorganization, the ensemble code stably segregated these task dimensions. These results show that hippocampal memories can heterogeneously reorganize even while behavior is unchanging.
Future climate impacts on the hydrology of headwater streams in the Amazon River Basin: Implications for migratory goliath catfishes
Authors: Feng Dongmei , Raoufi Roozbeh , Beighley Edward , Melack John M. , Goulding Michael , Barthem Ronaldo B. , Venticinque Eduardo , Cañas Carlos , Forsberg Bruce , Sorribas Mino Viana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate‐driven alterations of hydro‐meteorological conditions can change river flow regimes and potentially affect the migration behaviour of fishes and the productivity of important fisheries in the Amazon basin, such as those for the continental‐scale migratory goliath catfishes (Brachyplatystoma, Pimelodidae). In this study, we investigated hydrologic responses to climate change using a hydrologic model forced with climate inputs, which integrate historical (2001–2010) observations and general circulation model (GCM) projections under the emission scenario Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. We developed an empirical model to characterize future (2090–2099) climate‐change impacts on goliath catfish spawning migrations as a function of river flow depth dynamics at the upstream elevational limit of spawning (250 m) in headwater basins of the Amazon. The model results revealed spatially variable impacts of climate change on the catfish spawning migrations. The Marañón, Ucayali, Juruá, Purus, and Madeira basins had a predicted increase in the annual mean (3–8%) and maximum (1.1–4.9%) spawning migration rate (i.e., the fraction of fish that migrate to the spawning grounds in a day), mainly due to the lengthened rising phase of flow‐driven migratory events during wet seasons. The Caquetá‐Japurá, Putumayo‐Içá, Napo, and Blanco rivers had predicted decreases (3–7%) in the mean migration rate because of decreases in the length of the rising season of flow depth and the frequency of migratory events. The predicted timing of fish spawning migrations (quantified by the temporal centroid of migration rates) was delayed by 7–10 days in the west‐central and southwest regions and was 8 days earlier in the northwest and northcentral areas, due to changes in the onset of the rising season. We established a river depth baseline that controls the onset of goliath catfish spawning migration. This depth varies between 0.9–5.6 m across study sites. We found that the estimated depth baseline was most sensitive to uncertainties in river width and cross‐sectional channel shape. These results may help inform sustainable adaptation strategies for ecosystem conservation and local fisheries management in the Amazon basin.
Low dose IL‐2 suppress osteoclastogenesis in collagen‐induced arthritis via JNK dependent pathway
Authors: Sun Han , Zhao Yong , Wang Kun , Zhu Li , Dong Jian , Zhao Jie , Wang Yimin , Li Huan , Sun Xiaoliang , Lu Yunjie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic immune joint diseases, mainly involving blood vessels and small joints. The complex pathogenesis of RA greatly increases the difficulty of treatment. At present, the common hormone and immunosuppressive therapy are not effective, while low‐dose interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) recently has been found to possess some advantages for immunotherapy. However, its related signal pathway remains to be elucidated.MethodsWe fabricated the model of arthritis in mice, and then low‐dose IL‐2 was injected at a fixed time point to observe the changes of related vascular and organ pathology, inflammatory factors, and signal pathway proteins, which were verified by statistical analysis.ResultsLow dose IL‐2 can reduce the severity of vascular and bone lesions in collagen‐induced arthritis immune model, and inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro by phosphorylation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), which inhibits the receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand effect through c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and its immunotherapeutic effect depends on the activation of JNK.ConclusionIt is the first time for us to prove that low dose IL‐2 can inhibit osteoclast formation in collagen‐induced arthritis through the JNK dependent pathway, which will provide the angle and theoretical basis for future immunotherapy of IL‐2.
SLy2‐deficiency promotes B‐1 cell immunity and triggers enhanced production of IgM and IgG2 antibodies against pneumococcal vaccine
Authors: Jaufmann Jennifer , Tümen Leyla , Schmitt Fee , Schäll Daniel , von Holleben Max , Beer‐Hammer Sandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the benefits of existing vaccines, Streptococcus pneumoniae is still responsible for the greatest proportion of respiratory tract infections around the globe, thereby substantially contributing to morbidity and mortality in humans. B‐1 cells are key players of bacterial clearance during pneumococcal infection and even provide long‐lasting immunity towards S. pneumoniae. Previous reports strongly suggest an essential role of the immunoinhibitory adapter Src homology domain 3 lymphocyte protein 2 (SLy2) for B‐1 cell‐mediated antibody production. The objective of this study is to evaluate S. pneumoniae‐directed B cell responses in the context of SLy2 deficiency.MethodsB‐1 cell populations were analyzed via flow cytometry before and after pneumococcal immunization of SLy2‐deficient and wild‐type control mice. Global and vaccine‐specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody titers were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. To investigate survival rates during acute pneumococcal lung infection, mice were intranasally challenged with S. pneumoniae (serotype 3). Complementary isolated splenic B cells were stimulated in vitro and their proliferative response was assessed by fluorescent staining. In vitro antibody secretion was quantified by LEGENDplex.ResultsWe demonstrate increased frequencies of B‐1 cells and elevated titers of preantigenic IgM in SLy2‐deficient mice. In addition, these mice produce significantly more amounts of IgM and IgG2 upon pneumococcal vaccination. Knocking out SLy2 did not induce survival advantages in our murine model of acute pneumonia, indicating the presence of compensatory mechanisms.ConclusionOur results reveal reinforced specific antibody responses towards pneumococcal polysaccharides and enhanced IgG2 secretion as a consequence of SLy2 deficiency, which could be relevant to the development of more efficient vaccines.
Application of high‐voltage discharges for disinfection and activation of irrigation water*
Authors: Belov Alexander , Vasilyev Alexey , Musenko Andrey 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo prevent the development of plant diseases, irrigation water needs to be disinfected. The commonly applied cleaning methods do not allow the possibility of activation and enrichment of irrigation water with nutrients. The target of this study is to develop an environmentally friendly method for disinfecting and activating irrigation water by treatment with high‐voltage discharges in an electro‐hydraulic installation. The study used the following materials and equipment: a high‐voltage installation with an electro‐hydraulic spark gap, an EnSURE luminometer (Hygiena) to measure the level of hygiene of water and its solutions, AquaSnap Total (AQ100X) test tubes (Hygiena) to determine the total amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in water, and an ITAN ionomer (Tomanalit) for measuring nitrogen compounds in water. Experimentally the following optimal parameters and technological conditions were determined and substantiated to reduce irrigation water pollution from 1210 RLU to 73 RLU and increase water content of nitrogen compounds from 1.2 mg L‐1 to 8.4 mg L‐1: an operating voltage of 19.9 kV, a capacity 0.145 μF, and a number of discharges of 2860 pcs. Water disinfected with high‐voltage discharges will be useful for agricultural irrigation since it can serve as a nitrogen fertilizer, which does not have any harmful effect on the environment.
Monitoring the biochemical changes occurring to human keratinocytes exposed to solar radiation by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lopez‐Gonzalez Ulises , Casey Alan , J. Byrne Hugh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSolar radiation exposure is recognised to be a significant contributor to the development of skin cancer. Monitoring the simultaneous and consecutive mechanisms of interaction could provide a greater understanding of the process of photocarcinogenesis. This work presents an analysis of the biochemical and morphological changes occurring to immortalised human epithelial keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell cultures exposed to simulated solar radiation (SSR). Cell viability was monitored with the aid of the Alamar Blue assay, morphological examination was done with haematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) and changes to the biochemical constituents (nucleic acids and proteins) as a result of the radiation insult were demonstrated through a combination of Raman microspectroscopy and multivariate analysis of spectral patterns. The spectral results suggest that SSR induces changes to the conformational structure of DNA as an immediate result of the radiation, whereas alteration in the protein signature is mostly seen as a later response.
Cross‐section modified and highly elastic sutures reduce tissue incision and show comparable biocompatibility: in‐vitro and in‐vivo evaluation of novel thermoplastic urethane surgical threads
Authors: Helmedag Marius , Heise Daniel , Eickhoff Roman , Kossel Klas‐Moritz , Gries Thomas , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Neumann Ulf Peter , Klink Christian Daniel , Lambertz Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurgical sutures are indispensable for a vast majority of operative procedures. An ideal suture is characterized by high tissue compliance without cutting into the mended tissue and optimal biocompatibility. Therefore, we assessed these mechanical and biological properties for novel elastic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and cross‐sectional modified “snowflake” sutures. Circular and “snowflake”‐shaped TPU threads were manufactured and compared to similar surface modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sutures. Regular PVDF sutures were used as the control group. Single‐axis tensile test with and without gelatinous tissue surrogates were performed to evaluate the suture incision into the specimens. Biocompatibility was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation (n = 18) in rats for 7 and 21 days. Histology and immunohistology was conducted for assessment of the foreign body reaction. Regular and modified TPU threads showed a significant reduction of incision into the tissue surrogates compared to the control. Both TPU sutures and the modified PVDF sutures achieved comparable biocompatibility versus regular PVDF threads. Detailed histology revealed novel tissue integration into the notches of the surface modified sutures, we termed this newly shaped granuloma “intrafilamentous” granuloma. Elastic TPU threads showed a significant reduction of tissue surrogate incision and suture tension loss. Biocompatibility did not significantly differ from standard PVDF. Histology demonstrated tissue ingrowth following the surface modification of the suture referred to as “intrafilamentous” granuloma. Further in vivo studies are required to illuminate the exact potential of the new sutures to optimize intestinal anastomosis.