bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fall, recovery, classification, and initial characterization of the Hamburg, Michigan H4 chondrite
Authors: Heck Philipp R. , Greer Jennika , Boesenberg Joseph S. , Bouvier Audrey , Caffee Marc W. , Cassata William S. , Corrigan Catherine , Davis Andrew M. , Davis Donald W. , Fries Marc , Hankey Mike , Jenniskens Peter , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Sheu Shannon , Trappitsch Reto , Velbel Michael , Weller Brandon , Welten Kees , Yin Qing‐Zhu , Sanborn Matthew E. , Ziegler Karen , Rowland Douglas , Verosub Kenneth L. , Zhou Qin , Liu Yu , Tang Guoqiang , Li Qiuli , Li Xianhua , Zajacz Zoltan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Hamburg meteorite fell on January 16, 2018, near Hamburg, Michigan, after a fireball event widely observed in the U.S. Midwest and in Ontario, Canada. Several fragments fell onto frozen surfaces of lakes and, thanks to weather radar data, were recovered days after the fall. The studied rock fragments show no or little signs of terrestrial weathering. Here, we present the initial results from an international consortium study to describe the fall, characterize the meteorite, and probe the collision history of Hamburg. About 1 kg of recovered meteorites was initially reported. Petrology, mineral chemistry, trace element and organic chemistry, and O and Cr isotopic compositions are characteristic of H4 chondrites. Cosmic ray exposure ages based on cosmogenic 3He, 21Ne, and 38Ar are ~12 Ma, and roughly agree with each other. Noble gas data as well as the cosmogenic 10Be concentration point to a small 40–60 cm diameter meteoroid. An 40Ar‐39Ar age of 4532 ± 24 Ma indicates no major impact event occurring later in its evolutionary history, consistent with data of other H4 chondrites. Microanalyses of phosphates with LA‐ICPMS give an average Pb‐Pb age of 4549 ± 36 Ma. This is in good agreement with the average SIMS Pb‐Pb phosphate age of 4535.3 ± 9.5 Ma and U‐Pb Concordia age of 4535 ± 10 Ma. The weighted average age of 4541.6 ± 9.5 Ma reflects the metamorphic phosphate crystallization age after parent body formation in the early solar system.
Gene expression remodelling and immune response during adaptive divergence in an African cichlid fish
Authors: Rajkov Jelena , El Taher Athimed , Böhne Astrid , Salzburger Walter , Egger Bernd 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVariation in gene expression contributes to ecological speciation by facilitating population persistence in novel environments. Likewise, immune responses can be of relevance in speciation driven by adaptation to different environments. Previous studies examining gene expression differences between recently diverged ecotypes have often relied on only one pair of populations, targeted the expression of only a subset of genes or used wild‐caught individuals. Here, we investigated the contribution of habitat‐specific parasites and symbionts and the underlying immunological abilities of ecotype hosts to adaptive divergence in lake–river population pairs of the cichlid fishAstatotilapia burtoni. To shed light on the role of phenotypic plasticity in adaptive divergence, we compared parasite and microbiota communities, immune response, and gene expression patterns of fish from natural habitats and a lake‐like pond set‐up. In all investigated population pairs, lake fish were more heavily parasitized than river fish, in terms of both parasite taxon composition and infection abundance. The innate immune response in the wild was higher in lake than in river populations and was elevated in a river population exposed to lake parasites in the pond set‐up. Environmental differences between lake and river habitat and their distinct parasite communities have shaped differential gene expression, involving genes functioning in osmoregulation and immune response. Most changes in gene expression between lake and river samples in the wild and in the pond set‐up were based on a plastic response. Finally, gene expression and bacterial communities of wild‐caught individuals and individuals acclimatized to lake‐like pond conditions showed shifts underlying adaptive phenotypic plasticity.
Habitat specialisation controls ectomycorrhizal fungi above the treeline in the European Alps
Authors: Arraiano‐Castilho Ricardo , Bidartondo Martin I. , Niskanen Tuula , Clarkson James J. , Brunner Ivano , Zimmermann Stephan , Senn‐Irlet Beatrice , Frey Beat , Peintner Ursula , Mrak Tanja , Suz Laura M. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryAlpine habitats are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to environmental change, however, little information is known about the drivers of plant–fungal interactions in these ecosystems and their resilience to climate change.We investigated the influence of the main drivers of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities along elevation and environmental gradients in the alpine zone of the European Alps and measured their degree of specialisation using network analysis. We sampled ectomycorrhizas ofDryas octopetala,Bistorta viviparaandSalix herbacea, and soil fungal communities at 28 locations across five countries, from the treeline to the nival zone.We found that: (1) EM fungal community composition, but not richness, changes along elevation, (2) there is no strong evidence of host specialisation, however, EM fungal networks in the alpine zone and within these, EM fungi associated with snowbed communities, are more specialised than in other alpine habitats, (3) plant host population structure does not influence EM fungal communities, and (4) most variability in EM fungal communities is explained by fine‐scale changes in edaphic properties, like soil pH and total nitrogen.The higher specialisation and narrower ecological niches of these plant–fungal interactions in snowbed habitats make these habitats particularly vulnerable to environmental change in alpine ecosystems.
Kenneth Cumberland on historical geography at the first New Zealand Geography Conference in 1955
Authors: Roche Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProfessor Kenneth Cumberland's presidential address at the first New Zealand geography conference in 1955 considered the achievements, aims and objectives of the discipline, which he positioned as a chorological science. This view of geography posed difficulties for the scope of historical geography, one of Cumberland's main areas of research. He addressed this problem in a second conference presentation, which has remained unpublished. This unpublished hitherto “lost manuscript” has been located and is examined with an eye to Cumberland's role as a disciplinary gatekeeper and boundary rider of New Zealand geography in the 1950s.
GPD1L is negatively associated with HIF1α expression and predicts lymph node metastasis in oral and HPV‐ Oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Shu , Cheng Aoming , Han Zhengxue , Feng Zhien , Guo Chuanbin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study is to determine if Glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1‐like (GPD1L) and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF1α) can identify high‐risk patients with delayed lymph node metastasis in early‐stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Materials and methodsThe mRNA and protein expressions of markers were analyzed using fresh and paraffin embedded HNSCC specimens. The statistical analyses included chi‐squared test, t test, correlation analysis, and univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsGPD1L (downregulated) and HIF1α (upregulated) mRNA expression had a negative correlation (r = −.496, p = .001) in cT1‐2N0 HNSCC. The low GPD1L + high HIF1α expression group (22.6%) showed a significant decrease in disease‐free survival compared with the high GPD1L + low HIF1α expression group (71.4%) in the neck dissection group. The low GPD1L + high HIF1α expression (39.4%) resulted in a significantly higher delayed metastasis rate than the high GPD1L + low HIF1α expression (5.6%) for cT1‐2N0 HNSCC in the neck observation group. GPD1L and HIF1α protein expression more accurately predicted lymph node metastasis than the WINTER hypoxia gene panel (false‐negative rate in predicting metastasis: 8.1% versus 26.4%). Cox regression analyses found that the combined protein expression of GPD1L and HIF1α could predict delayed metastasis (HR:0.118, 95% CI:0.027–0.525).ConclusionsLow GPD1L + high HIF1α expression can serve as candidate biomarkers for high‐risk populations with lymph node metastases in early‐stage HNSCC.
Self and mental disorder: Lessons for psychiatry from naturalistic philosophy
Authors: Tekin Şerife 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe question “What is the relationship between the self and mental disorder?” is especially important for mental health professionals interested in understanding and treating patients, as most mental disorders are intimately tied to self‐related concerns, such as loss of self‐esteem and self‐control, or diminished agency and autonomy. Philosophy, along with the cognitive and behavioral sciences, offers a wealth of conceptual and empirical resources to answer this question, as the concepts of the self and psychopathology have occupied a central place in these fields since their inception. Interestingly, and unfortunately, however, scientific psychiatry, in its approach to mental disorder as primarily a cluster of signs and symptoms has been slow in acknowledging the advances in conceptualizing and investigating mental disorders in relation to the self. The article addresses this problem and offers solutions for better cross‐fertilization between empirical and philosophical inquiry into the self and psychiatric research on mental disorders. The first part evaluates what empirically informed philosophical inquiry and philosophically informed empirical inquiry offer to the examination of the relationship between the self and mental disorders. The second part argues that scientific psychiatry has missed opportunities to find effective treatments for mental disorders because of its insularity from debates in naturalistic philosophy and cognitive and behavioral sciences. Psychiatry has much to gain from the conceptual, scientific, and clinical resourcefulness of philosophy's collaboration with the cognitive and behavioral sciences.
How Social‐Class Background Influences Perceptions of Political Leaders
Authors: Hoyt Crystal L. , DeShields Brenten H. 
Published: October 2020

In this research, we contribute to a nascent literature examining how cues to social class can guide voters' political judgments. Drawing upon and merging a voting‐cues framework with the stereotype‐content model, we test predictions that, relative to those from high‐class backgrounds, candidates from lower‐ and working‐class backgrounds will be perceived to be more ideologically liberal, warmer, and will be evaluated more positively. We test these predictions across four experimental studies (NStudy1 = 200; NStudy2 = 537; NStudy3 = 352; NStudy4 = 654) employing a candidate‐evaluation paradigm; participants were presented with basic candidate background information, including cues to candidate class and other demographics, and were asked to read an excerpt from a speech before providing their judgments. Findings reveal that candidates from lower‐ and working‐class backgrounds were perceived to be more liberal and warmer than those from high‐class backgrounds. Additionally, we found that lower‐class candidates were generally evaluated more positively than high‐class candidates, and we found some evidence for evaluations across class to be moderated by participants' political ideology. These effects generally held across candidate gender and race. This work has important theoretical and practical implications offering insight into the social‐class gap between the electorate and the largely elite elected policymakers.
A prospective randomized open‐label trial on the comparative effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 versus polyionic isotonic crystalloids on coagulation parameters in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum
Authors: Iannucci Claudia , Dirkmann Daniel , Howard Judith , Adamik Katja N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES) and a polyionic isotonic crystalloid (CRYS) on standard coagulation tests and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum (SHP).DesignProspective randomized open‐label clinical study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsForty‐two client‐owned dogs presented with SHP.InterventionsDogs diagnosed with SHP and hypovolemic shock were randomly allocated to receive HES (10 mL/kg, n = 22) or CRYS (30 mL/kg, n = 20) intravenously over 20 minutes for hemodynamic stabilization.Measurements and main resultsParameters measured before (T0) and after (T1) treatment were HCT, platelet counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentrations, and extrinsic activated (EXTEM), intrinsic activated (INTEM), and extrinsic activated with platelet inhibition ROTEM assays. Data were analyzed as absolute values and as the percentage change from T0 to T1. No significant differences between groups were detected in any variable at T0, and for HCT, platelet counts, prothrombin time, activated thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen concentrations at T1. Clot formation time in EXTEM was significantly prolonged (P = 0.037), and maximum clot firmness was significantly decreased (P = 0.038) in the HES group compared to the CRYS group at T1. The percentage change in EXTEM clotting time (P = 0.012) and INTEM clot formation time (P = 0.031) was greater after HES than CRYS. Lysis indices remained at 100% for all ROTEM assays in both groups.ConclusionCompared to a 3‐fold volume of CRYS, administration of HES was associated with impairment in ROTEM parameters in dogs with SHP, but no evidence of hyperfibrinolysis was detected.
Ecology, distribution and control of the invasive weed Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav.: A global review of current and future challenges
Authors: Humphries Talia , Dowling Kim , Turville Christopher , Sinclair Steve , Florentine Singarayer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) is a highly invasive perennial C3 weed from South America. It grows in most soil conditions, can resist fire and frost, and is unpalatable to grazing animals. Each plant can produce up to 140,000 seeds annually, and together, these characteristics make it a damaging landscape weed. It has diminished the agricultural carrying capacity of pastures in south‐eastern Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and emerging populations have now been identified in Europe and the United States, and bioclimatic models suggest its distribution could significantly expand within these regions in the near future. Research into control methods for this weed has been explored, and these include herbicides applied alone and in combination, the establishment of plant competition, the introduction of seed mitigation fencing, grazing management and exclusion zones, specific biological management and alteration of soil composition. Currently, the most effective and widely used control method is the residual herbicide flupropanate (2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropanoic acid). This review will investigate the ecology, distribution, current control techniques and past research on this species, and make recommendations for future research and management.
MONTMORILLONITE SURFACE AS A CATALYST FOR THE FORMATION OF SAT METAL TETRA (P-SULPHOPHENYL) PORPHYRINS
Authors: Hassen Jasim Hamadi , Silver Jack 
Published: October 2020

The adsorption of the water-soluble tetra(p-sulphophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) compound on Fe(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Sn(IV) and UO22+ metal ion-exchanged montmorillonite (MMT) facilitated the formation of the SAT metal-TPPS MMT complexes of these cations (where SAT indicates sitting atop, ie the metal is above the porphyrin plane and is bound to external ligands in this case the MMT surface). All the resulting powder samples have a brown-orange colour due to the presence of the metal-TPPS-MMT complexes of these cations. Heating the solid powder samples caused demetallation and changed the colour of the powder from brown-orange colour of the metal-TPPS-MMT complex to the green colour of the diacid porphyrin on the clay. When such samples were exposed to the open atmosphere where they could absorb water vapour, the brown-orange colour appeared again due to the remetallation. The cation remained in the vicinity of the TPPS molecule upon demetallation, which makes the metallation-demetallation process reversible. The TPPS has been found to be adsorbed only on the external surface, and can be intercalated using sodium ions in solution with the compound to open the clay lattice. The reactions were monitored using visible absorption spectra, diffuse reflectance spectra, Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
ENTRAPMENT OF FREE CELLS WITHIN ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS: MINI REVIEW ON PARAMETERS INFLUENCING NANOFIBERS CHARACTERISTICS AND CELLS VIABILITY
Authors: Azaddin Aiman Farhana , A. Rahman Roshanida , Jusoh Mazura , Jaafar Juhana , Ngadi Norzita , Abdul Manas Nor Hasmaliana 
Published: October 2020

Nanotechnology is a growing technology that has been recognized as vital and scientific with bioprocess development especially in dealing with usage of free cells. Limitations such as low bioavailability, storage instability and low substrate inhibition bound the application of free cells in various field thus leading researchers into focusing more on free cells immobilization system. With the increasing knowledge in nanomaterials fabrication techniques, the immobilization of free cells through entrapment approach in highly porous and the high surface area of nanofibers is becoming an interesting subject to be highlighted. The production of free cells entrapped in nanofibers via electrospinning in terms of quality and quantity is highly affected by the electrospinning operating parameters including solution formulation, ambient conditions, operating conditions of electrospinning machine and types of materials used. Hence, this review paper will provide an overview of the operating conditions involved in electrospinning of cells through entrapment process which affect the characteristics of the electrospun nanofibers produced and the viability or growth of cells when entrapped in the electrospun nanofibers mats.
A VERY LOW-DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR IN 0.18-M CMOS TECHNOLOGY FOR POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Zainol Murad Sohiful Anuar , Harun Azizi , Md Isa Mohd Nazrin , Mohyar Saiful Nizam , Karim Jamilah 
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes the design of a very low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator in 0.18-mm CMOS technology. The proposed LDO regulator consists of voltage reference, symmetrical operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), PMOS transistor, resistive feedback network and output capacitor. The NMOS symmetrical OTA is implemented as an error amplifier and a PMOS transistor is employed as a pass device to improve gain and minimize low dropout voltage, respectively. The proposed design is simulated using Spectre simulator in Cadence software to verify its regulator performance. The simulation results show that the proposed LDO is capable to operate from a supply voltage of 1.7-2.0 V with a low dropout voltage of 19.3 mV at a maximum 50 mA load current to regulate output voltage 1.5 V. The active chip is 2.96 mm2 in size. The performance of the proposed LDO is suitable to enhance power management for system on chip (SoC) applications.
Characterization and Scaling of Forced Convective Swirl in Sinusoidal Wavy-Plate-Fin Cores of Compact Heat Exchangers
Authors: Shi Dantong , Lin Kuan-Ting , Jog Milind A. , Manglik Raj M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The characterization and scaling of the thermal-hydraulic performance in wavy plate-fin compact heat exchanger cores, based on the understanding of the physical phenomena and heat transfer enhancement mechanism is delineated. Experimental data are presented for forced convection in air (Pr = 0.71) with flow rates in the range 50 ≤ Re ≤ 4000. A variety of wavy-fin cores that span viable applications, with geometrical attributes described by the cross section aspect ratio α (ratio of fin spacing to height), fin corrugation aspect ratio γ (ratio of 2× corrugation amplitude to wave pitch), and fin spacing ratio ζ (ratio of fin spacing to wave pitch), are considered. To characterize and correlate the vortex-flow mixing in interfin spaces, a Swirl number Sw is introduced from the balance of viscous, inertial and centrifugal forces. It is shown that the laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regimes can be explicitly identified by this Swirl number. Based on the experimental results and extended analysis, new correlations for Fanning friction factor f and Colburn factor j are developed with Sw, α, γ, and ζ as scaling parameters. Requisite expressions are devised by a superposition of both enhancement components due to the corrugated surface area enlargement and induced swirl flow field, and they are combined to cover the laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes by the method of asymptotic matching. The resulting generalized correlations are further shown to predict all available experimental data for f and j factors to within ±20% and ±15%, respectively.
The Guerrero terrane, a para-autochthonous block on the paleo-Pacific continental margin of North America: Evidence from zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotopes
Authors: Ortega-Flores* Berlaine , Solari Luigi A. , Martini Michelangelo , Ortega-Obregón Carlos 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Two main tectonic scenarios have been proposed for the area corresponding to the Guerrero terrane in western Mexico. The first model suggests that the Guerrero terrane was an allochthonous volcanic arc developed over oceanic substrate, which was accreted to nuclear Mexico. The second tectonic model proposes that the Guerrero terrane was a para-autochthonous volcanic arc developed over continental crust, which was rifted during the extensional phase of the Arperos back-arc basin and then tectonically attached to nuclear Mexico. Based on U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircon grains extracted from Mesozoic sedimentary successions of the Guerrero terrane and western nuclear Mexico, this study provides new evidence to support the interpretation that the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Guerrero terrane was built above a pre–Late Jurassic continentally sourced basement. Hf isotopic signatures of detrital zircon from Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Guerrero terrane range from –14 to +13 and display depleted mantle model ages (TDMc, using a mean crustal value of 176Lu/177Hf = 0.015) between ca. 2.0 and 0.3 Ga, indicating provenance from both pre–Late Jurassic basement and juvenile crustal components. The most juvenile magmas were formed during the earliest Cretaceous extensional phase, which resulted in the formation of the Arperos basin. Additionally, the negative εHf(t) values are consistent with recycling of Proterozoic and Paleozoic continental materials in Mesozoic magmas.