bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune encephalitis with psychiatric features in adults: historical evolution and prospective challenge
Authors: Hansen Niels , Timäus Charles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOur review aims to delineate the psychiatric spectrum of autoantibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis over time through its discoveries of antibodies. We searched in PubMed for appropriate articles depicting the first appearance and spectrum of psychiatric symptomatology in autoantibody-positive encephalitis for this narrative review. Memory impairment was first associated with autoantibodies against intracellular antigens such as anti-HuD antibodies in 1993. 8 years later, autoantibodies against cell membrane surface antigens such as voltage-gated potassium channels were described in conjunction with memory dysfunction. The spectrum of psychiatric syndromes was amplified between 1990 and 2020 to include disorientation, behavior, cognitive dysfunction, obsessive compulsive behavior and suicidality in encephalitis patients occurring together mainly with antibodies against surface antigens, less so against intracellular antigens. In general, we found no specific psychiatric symptoms underlying specific autoantibody-associated encephalitis. As fundamental data on this issue have not been systemically assessed to date, we cannot know whether our specific findings would remain from systematic studies, i.e., on the association between cerebrospinal fluid N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in catatonia. The psychiatric symptomatology overlaps between psychiatric domains and occurs frequently in antibody-positive encephalitis. No specific psychiatric symptoms imply an underlying, specifically autoantibody-associated encephalitis. The psychiatric phenotypology associated with antibody-positive encephalitis has evolved tremendously recently, and this new evidence reveals its relevance for future diagnostic and treatment aspects of autoimmune encephalitis patients.
Groundwater recharge processes in an Asian mega-delta: hydrometric evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Nowreen Sara , Taylor R. G. , Shamsudduha M. , Salehin M. , Zahid A. , Ahmed K. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGroundwater is used intensively in Asian mega-deltas yet the processes by which groundwater is replenished in these deltaic systems remain inadequately understood. Drawing insight from hourly monitoring of groundwater levels and rainfall in two contrasting settings, comprising permeable surficial deposits of Holocene age and Plio-Pleistocene terrace deposits, together with longer-term, lower-frequency records of groundwater levels, river stage, and rainfall from the Bengal Basin, conceptual models of recharge processes in these two depositional environments are developed. The representivity of these conceptual models across the Bengal Basin in Bangladesh is explored by way of statistical cluster analysis of groundwater-level time series data. Observational records reveal that both diffuse and focused recharge processes occur in Holocene deposits, whereas recharge in Plio-Pleistocene deposits is dominated by indirect leakage from river channels where incision has enabled a direct hydraulic connection between river channels and the Plio-Pleistocene aquifer underlying surficial clays. Seasonal cycles of recharge and discharge including the onset of dry-season groundwater-fed irrigation are well characterised by compiled observational records. Groundwater depletion, evident from declining groundwater levels with a diminished seasonality, is pronounced in Plio-Pleistocene environments where direct recharge is inhibited by the surficial clays. In contrast, intensive shallow groundwater abstraction in Holocene environments can enhance direct and indirect recharge via a more permeable surface geology. The vital contributions of indirect recharge of shallow groundwater identified in both depositional settings in the Bengal Basin highlight the critical limitation of using models that exclude this process in the estimation of groundwater recharge in Asian mega-deltas.
Clean manufacturing powered by biology: how Amyris has deployed technology and aims to do it better
Authors: Hill Paul , Benjamin Kirsten , Bhattacharjee Binita , Garcia Fernando , Leng Joshua , Liu Chi-Li , Murarka Abhishek , Pitera Douglas , Rodriguez Porcel Elisa Maria , da Silva Iris , Kraft Chuck 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Amyris is a fermentation product company that leverages synthetic biology and has been bringing novel fermentation products to the market since 2009. Driven by breakthroughs in genome editing, strain construction and testing, analytics, automation, data science, and process development, Amyris has commercialized nine separate fermentation products over the last decade. This has been accomplished by partnering with the teams at 17 different manufacturing sites around the world. This paper begins with the technology that drives Amyris, describes some key lessons learned from early scale-up experiences, and summarizes the technology transfer procedures and systems that have been built to enable moving more products to market faster. Finally, the breadth of the Amyris product portfolio continues to expand; thus the steps being taken to overcome current challenges (e.g. automated strain engineering can now outpace the rest of the product commercialization timeline) are described.
Effect of aluminum and sodium on the sorption of water and methanol in microporous MFI-type zeolites and mesoporous SBA-15 materials
Authors: Li Zheng , Rieg Carolin , Beurer Ann-Katrin , Benz Michael , Bender Johannes , Schneck Christof , Traa Yvonne , Dyballa Michael , Hunger Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe interaction and nature of surface sites for water and methanol sorption on MFI-type zeolites and mesoporous SBA-15 were investigated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and correlated with the desorption enthalpies determined via TGA/DSC. For siliceous Silicalite-1, 29Si CPMAS NMR studies support stronger methanol than water interactions with SiOH groups of Q3-type. On siliceous SBA-15, SiOH groups of Q2-type are accompanied by an enhanced hydrophilicity. In aluminum-containing Na-ZSM-5, Na+ cations are strong adsorption sites for water and methanol as evidenced by 23Na MAS NMR in agreement with high desorption enthalpies of ΔH = 66–74 kJ/mol. Solid-state NMR of aluminum-containing Na-[Al]SBA-15, in contrast, has shown negligible water and methanol interactions with sodium and aluminum. Desorption enthalpies of ΔH = 44–60 kJ/mol hint at adsorption sites consisting of SiOH groups influenced by distant framework aluminum. On H-ZSM-5, Brønsted acidic OH groups are strong adsorption sites as indicated by partial protonation of water and methanol causing low-field shifts of their 1H MAS NMR signals and enhanced desorption enthalpies. Due to the small number of Brønsted acid sites in aluminum-containing H-[Al]SBA-15, water and methanol adsorption on this material is suggested to mainly occur at SiOH groups with distant framework aluminum species, as in the case of Na-[Al]SBA-15.
Exploring the extremes: applying high concentration of yeast extract leads to drastic morphological changes and elimination of (+)-geodin and asterric acid production in Aspergillus terreus submerged cultures
Authors: Boruta Tomasz , Górnicka Adrianna , Grzybowska Iwona , Stefaniak Ida , Bizukojć Marcin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
Evaluation of morphology and secondary metabolites production in Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 cultures over a wide range of lactose and yeast extract concentrations from 0.2 up to an extremely high level of 200 g l−l.

Results
The morphological differences of mycelial objects were quantified with the use of morphological parameters calculated by applying the tools of digital image analysis. At 200 g l−l of yeast extract clumps and loose hyphae were recorded instead of pellets commonly observed in submerged cultures of A. terreus. Under these conditions the biosynthesis of (+)-geodin and asterric acid was totally blocked, lovastatin formation was found to be at a relatively low level and biomass production turned out to be greater than in the remaining variants, where the pelleted growth was observed. At 200 g l−l of lactose the production of lovastatin, (+)-geodin and asterric acid was visibly stimulated compared to the media containing 0.2, 2 and 20 g l−l of the sugar substrate, but at the same time no traces of butyrolactone I could be detected in the broth. Lactose at the extremely high concentration of 200 g l−l did not induce the drastic morphological changes observed in the case of 200 g l-1 of yeast extract. It was proved that at the C/N values as low as 4 and as high as 374 A. terreus not only continued to display growth but also exhibited the production of secondary metabolites. The use of cultivation media representing the equivalent C/N ratios led to different metabolic and morphological outcomes depending on the concentration of lactose and yeast extract that contributed to the given C/N value.

Conclusion
The extremely high concentration of yeast extract leads to marked morphological changes of A. terreus and the elimination of (+)-geodin and asterric production, while applying the excess of lactose is stimulatory in terms of lovastatin production.
Invasive legume affects species and functional composition of mountain meadow plant communities
Authors: Hansen Wiebke , Wollny Julia , Otte Annette , Eckstein R. Lutz , Ludewig Kristin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlant invasions are among the key drivers of global biodiversity and ecosystem change. They often cause reductions in native species richness and overall biodiversity. Nitrogen-fixing plants are problematic as they affect soil nutrient availability and outcompete species of nutrient-poor sites. Here we assessed the impacts of the legumeLupinus polyphylluson species and functional diversity of mountain meadow communities in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Rhön. We compared species diversity (richness, evenness and effective species number), functional diversity (functional richness, evenness, divergence and dispersion) and similarity of plots in three characteristic vegetation types (Nardusgrassland, mesic and wet mountain hay meadows) between different lupine cover classes. We calculated community weighted means (CWMs) of single plant traits and plotted them against lupine cover classes. The invasion ofL. polyphyllushomogenizes vegetation composition since the similarity among plots of the different vegetation types increased with increasing lupine cover. It significantly affected species diversity in terms of richness and effective species number and the functional divergence of the vegetation. The trait set of species occurring together with lupine was shifted towards more competitive trait values. We demonstrate strongly negative impacts ofL. polyphylluson different mountain meadow vegetation types sinceL. polyphyllus, fosters the growth of competitive species and leads to overall more productive plant communities.
An Evaluation of a New Autism-Adapted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Manual for Adolescents with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Jassi Amita , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Russell Ailsa , Krebs Georgina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occur. Standard cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for OCD outcomes are poorer in young people with ASD, compared to those without. The aim of this naturalistic study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel adolescent autism-adapted CBT manual for OCD in a specialist clinical setting. Additionally, we examined whether treatment gains were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Thirty-four adolescents underwent CBT; at the end of treatment, 51.51% were treatment responders and 21.21% were in remission. At 3-month follow-up, 52.94% were responders and 35.29% remitters. Significant improvements were also observed on a range of secondary measures, including family accommodation and global functioning. This study indicates this adapted package of CBT is associated with significant improvements in OCD outcomes, with superior outcomes to those reported in previous studies. Further investigation of the generalizability of these results, as well as dissemination to different settings, is warranted.
When animal coloration is a poor match
Authors: Caro Tim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiologists usually pursue the adaptationist paradigm in trying to explain the functional significance of animal coloration. Here I collate instances in which coloration may be a poor match in the context of background matching, Batesian mimicry, aposematism, and colour polymorphisms. This can occur because of trade-offs with other functions, relaxed selection from predation, or colour trait neutrality. Also, mechanistic, pleiotropic and chance genetic effects can all result in a poor match to the background environment or to signaling efficiently. While biologists implicitly recognise these constraints placed on adaptive coloration, they rarely explicitly acknowledge the heterodox notion that coloration might be under weak selection or no selection at all. Unfortunately, it is difficult to show this definitively, as illustrated in an investigation into the function of colour polymorphisms in coconut crabs.
A regionalisation approach for rainfall based on extremal dependence
Authors: Saunders K. R. , Stephenson A. G. , Karoly D. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo mitigate the risk posed by extreme rainfall events, we require statistical models that reliably capture extremes in continuous space with dependence. However, assuming a stationary dependence structure in such models is often erroneous, particularly over large geographical domains. Furthermore, there are limitations on the ability to fit existing models, such as max-stable processes, to a large number of locations. To address these modelling challenges, we present a regionalisation method that partitions stations into regions of similar extremal dependence using clustering. To demonstrate our regionalisation approach, we consider a study region of Australia and discuss the results with respect to known climate and topographic features. To visualise and evaluate the effectiveness of the partitioning, we fit max-stable models to each of the regions. This work serves as a prelude to how one might consider undertaking a project where spatial dependence is non-stationary and is modelled on a large geographical scale.
Revisiting the characteristic initial value problem for the vacuum Einstein field equations
Authors: Hilditch David , Valiente Kroon Juan A. , Zhao Peng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing the Newman–Penrose formalism we study the characteristic initial value problem in vacuum General Relativity. We work in a gauge suggested by Stewart, and following the strategy taken in the work of Luk, demonstrate local existence of solutions in a neighbourhood of the set on which data are given. These data are given on intersecting null hypersurfaces. Existence near their intersection is achieved by combining the observation that the field equations are symmetric hyperbolic in this gauge with the results of Rendall. To obtain existence all the way along the null-hypersurfaces themselves, a bootstrap argument involving the Newman–Penrose variables is performed.
Correcting the Text of the Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha
Authors: Bronkhorst Johannes 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAttempts have been made to correct the text of the Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha on the basis of the texts that its author used—and sometimes refers to by name—while composing his work. This procedure is promising in texts like the Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha, which makes abundant use of other works, and might in principle give results that are independent of, and prior to, the detailed study of its manuscripts. A closer investigation shows that this procedure is not without risks, and may occasionally give rise to unjustified “corrections”. The article shows that quotations in the Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha deviate from their source-texts in numerous cases. It further illustrates that the archetype underlying the manuscripts used for the available editions on occasion demonstrably differs from what must have been the text’s autograph. Other cases demonstrate that already the autograph sometimes deviated from its source-texts. The article concludes that careless “correcting” of the text may have serious consequences and can stand in the way of its correct interpretation.
GRN, NOTCH3, FN1, and PINK1 expression in eutopic endometrium – potential biomarkers in the detection of endometriosis – a pilot study
Authors: Holzer Isabell , Machado Weber Amanda , Marshall Anne , Freis Alexander , Jauckus Julia , Strowitzki Thomas , Germeyer Ariane 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Endometriosis (EM) is a common gynecological disease affecting 10–15% of women of reproductive age. However, molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis are still not completely understood. Furthermore, due to the absence of a reliable clinical biomarker, the only viable method for the often-delayed definitive diagnosis is laparoscopic surgery. Our objective was to analyze molecular differences of selected endometrial proteins and genes of women suffering from different stages of EM compared with healthy women to evaluate potential clinical biomarkers.

Methods
We analyzed eutopic endometrial tissue samples from women undergoing a laparoscopic surgery (n = 58). mRNA gene expression of progranulin (GRN), neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (NOTCH3), fibronectin (FN1), and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Protein expression was determined using ELISA and immunohistochemistry.

Results
Significant differences in gene expression between the different stages of the disease were noted for GRN, NOTCH3, FN1, and PINK1 (p < 0.05). The endometrium of women with minimal EM (ASRM I) showed the highest mRNA expression. Protein levels of GRN and FN1 on the other hand were significantly decreased in the endometrium of women with EM compared with those of healthy controls. Furthermore, for GRN and FN1, we could detect a correlation of protein expression with the severity of the disease.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest a potential use of GRN and FN1 as clinical biomarkers to detect endometriosis. In addition, GRN, NOTCH3, FN1, and PINK1 could potentially be useful to differentiate between the underlying stages of the disease. However, a validation with a larger study population is needed.
The Effect of State and Trait Self-Critical Rumination on Acute Distress: An Exploratory Experimental Investigation
Authors: Kolubinski Daniel C. , Nikčević Ana V. , Spada Marcantonio M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSelf-critical rumination is a process whereby individuals focus attention on past failures and inadequacies without consideration for improvement or problem-solving. Past research has demonstrated that self-critical rumination is a separate process from the experience of having intrusive self-critical thoughts and that engaging in self-critical rumination is strongly correlated with beliefs that it is uncontrollable or represents a weakness of character. What is less clear at this time, however, is the impact that self-critical rumination has on levels of distress when faced with failure. Thirty volunteers who were not experiencing significant levels of depression were randomly assigned across three groups: one rumination and two controls. Acute distress was measured prior to and immediately following a task, as well as upon debrief. Individuals expected to complete an impossible task, who experienced simulated self-critical rumination experienced greater levels of acute distress than controls immediately following the task. There was also a significant correlation between reported levels of trait self-critical rumination, negative metacognitive beliefs and self-esteem with levels of distress following debrief when controlling for initial levels of distress and group membership. The use of subjective self-reports and small sample size limits the findings of this exploratory study. Engaging in self-critical rumination, and associated negative metacognitive beliefs, may have a significant impact on levels of acute distress following a recent failure.
Canada and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): Lessons Learned on Implementation and Compliance
Authors: Wyatt Tanya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnsustainable and illegal wildlife trade are contributing to the unprecedented levels of biodiversity loss and possible extinction of one million species. Law enforcement and the criminal justice system have a role to play in helping to regulate and monitor such trade. The main international instrument to regulate wildlife trade is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This mixed methods study researched the lessons learned and best practice in regards to implementation of and compliance with CITES. As part of the study, three countries were identified as case studies and Canada was selected as one of these. Lessons can also be learned from Canada’s Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act, which is cumbersome to update when species protections change within CITES. Canada has several elements of good practice, such as the remit, effectiveness and relationships of the three CITES authorities located within Environment and Climate Change Canada, the public health approach to some wildlife imports, and the protection of native CITES species. CITES needs to be improved to further protect endangered species and lessons from Canada and other countries can contribute to this improvement.
The epidemiology of moral bioenhancement
Authors: Gibson R. B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn their 2008 paper, Persson and Savulescu suggest that for moral bioenhancement (MBE) to be effective at eliminating the danger of ‘ultimate harm’ the intervention would need to be compulsory. This is because those most in need of MBE would be least likely to undergo the intervention voluntarily. By drawing on concepts and theories from epidemiology, this paper will suggest that MBE may not need to be universal and compulsory to be effective at significantly improving the collective moral standing of a human populace and reducing the threat of ultimate harm. It will identify similarities between the mechanisms that allow biological contagions (such as a virus) and behaviours (such as those concerned with ethical and unethical actions) to develop, spread, and be reinforced within a population. It will then go onto suggest that, just as with the epidemiological principle of herd immunity, if enough people underwent MBE to reach a minimum threshold then the incidence and spread of immoral behaviours could be significantly reduced, even in those who have not received MBE.