bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identity Building Through Mediation by African Tailors
Authors: Vilarinho Sofia , Christiaans Henri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn contemporary African cities, dressing well and wearing exclusive garments has become crucial for people in search of identity, distinction and individuality. The research presented in this article, situated at disciplinary intersections of cultural studies, fashion practices and sustainability, provides a case study of African tailors conducted in Maputo and Lisbon, with a special focus on identity building of African immigrants in Portugal. However, the role of tailors in this acculturation process has been ignored in the consumption approach to creative cities. This study is therefore also a reaction to the mainly Western world of regular couture, and to ‘creative city materials’ that focus on consumption. Instead, we emphasize the importance of African tailors who de facto shape urban experiences—visually incrementing practices—that are fundamental to the comprehension of sartorial culture, while we also allude to the complex intersections between local and global markets. In the first part of this article we describe a semi‐ethnographic study among tailors in Maputo and Lisbon. The second part presents a participatory action approach that entailed developing an educational programme for African tailors where culture and creativity meet. This programme empowered tailors to tap into their cultural knowledge on tailoring and their awareness of community identity. In our study we argue that the idea of creative cities and their creative economy should be approached from a cultural perspective, by building awareness of the importance of local creative classes instead of focusing on importing those classes.
Caesarean section in the second delivery to prevent anal incontinence after asymptomatic obstetric anal sphincter injury: the EPIC multicentre randomised trial
Authors: Abramowitz L , Mandelbrot L , Bourgeois Moine A , Tohic AL , Carne Carnavalet C , Poujade O , Roy C , Tubach F 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether planned caesarean section (CS) for a second delivery protects against anal incontinence in women with obstetric anal sphincter lesions.DesignRandomised trial.SettingSix maternity units in the Paris area.SampleWomen at high risk of sphincter lesions (first delivery with third‐degree laceration and/or forceps) but no symptomatic anal incontinence.MethodsEndoanal ultrasound was performed in the third trimester of the second pregnancy. Women with sphincter lesions were randomised to planned CS or vaginal delivery (VD).Main outcome measuresAnal incontinence at 6 months postpartum. Secondary outcomes were urinary incontinence, sexual morbidity, maternal and neonatal morbidities and worsening of external sphincter lesions.ResultsAnal sphincter lesions were detected by ultrasound in 264/434 women enrolled (60.8%); 112 were randomised to planned VD and 110 to planned CS. At 6–8 weeks after delivery, there was no significant difference in anal continence between the two groups. At 6 months after delivery, median Vaizey scores of anal incontinence were 1 (interquartile range 0–4) in the CS group and 1 (interquartile range 0–3) in the VD group (P = 0.34). There were no significant differences for urinary continence, sexual functions or for other maternal and neonatal morbidities.ConclusionsIn women with asymptomatic obstetric anal sphincter lesions diagnosed by ultrasound, planning a CS had no significant impact on anal continence 6 months after the second delivery. These results do not support advising systematic CS for this indication.Tweetable abstractCaesarean section for the second delivery did not protect against anal incontinence in women with asymptomatic obstetric anal sphincter lesions.
Predictors of Older Adult Adherence With Emergency Department Discharge Instructions
Authors: Benjenk Ivy , DuGoff Eva H. , Jacobsohn Gwen C. , Cayenne Nia , Jones Courtney M. C. , Caprio Thomas V. , Cushman Jeremy T. , Green Rebecca K. , Kind Amy J. H. , Lohmeier Michael , Mi Ranran , Shah Manish N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveOlder adults discharged from the emergency department (ED) are at high risk for adverse outcomes. Adherence to ED discharge instructions is necessary to reduce those risks. The objective of this study is to determine the individual‐level factors associated with adherence with ED discharge instructions among older adult ED outpatients.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of data from the control group of a randomized controlled trial testing a care transitions intervention among older adults (age ≥ 60 years) discharged home from the ED in two states. Taking data from patient surveys and chart reviews, we used multivariable logistic regression to identify patient characteristics associated with adherence to printed discharge instructions. Outcomes were patient‐reported medication adherence, provider follow‐up visit adherence, and knowledge of “red flags” (signs of worsening health requiring further medical attention).ResultsA total 824 patients were potentially eligible, and 699 had data in at least one pillar. A total of 35% adhered to medication instructions, 76% adhered to follow‐up instructions, and 35% recalled at least one red flag. In the multivariate analysis, no factors were significantly associated with failure to adhere to medications. Participants with poor health status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31 to 0.98) were less likely to adhere to follow‐up instructions. Participants who were older (AORs trended downward as age category increased) or depressed (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.85) or had one or more functional limitations (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.94) were less likely to recall red flags.ConclusionOlder adults discharged home from the ED have mixed rates of adherence to discharge instructions. Although it is thought that some subgroups may be higher risk than others, given the opportunity to improve ED‐to‐home transitions, EDs and health systems should consider providing additional care transition support to all older adults discharged home from the ED.
Activation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptors and skilled reach foraging
Authors: Vestlund Jesper , Bergquist Filip , Licheri Valentina , Adermark Louise , Jerlhag Elisabet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists, such as exendin‐4 (Ex4), liraglutide and dulaglutide, regulate glucose homeostasis and are thus used to treat diabetes type II. GLP‐1 also contributes towards a variety of additional physiological functions, including suppression of reward and improvement of learning. Acute activation of GLP‐1R in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, an area essential for motivation, reduces the motivation to consume sucrose or alcohol when assessed in a simple motor task. However, the effects of repeated administration of the different GLP‐1R agonists on behaviours in a more complex motor task are unknown. The aim was therefore to investigate the effects of repeated Ex4, liraglutide or dulaglutide on the motivation and learning of a complex motor tasks such as skilled reach foraging in the Montoya staircase test. To explore the neurophysiological correlates of the different GLP‐1R agonists on motivation,ex vivoelectrophysiological recordings were conducted. In rats with an acquired skilled reach performance, Ex4 or liraglutide but not dulaglutide reduced the motivation of skilled reach foraging. In trained rats, Ex4 infusion into NAc shell decreased this motivated behaviour, and both Ex4 and liraglutide supressed the evoked field potentials in NAc shell. In rats without prior Montoya experience, dulaglutide but not Ex4 or liraglutide enhanced the learning of skilled reach foraging. Taken together, these findings indicate that the tested GLP‐1R agonists have different behavioural outcomes depending on the context.
Osteogenesis imperfecta: Novel genetic variants and clinical observations from a clinical exome study of 54 Indian patients
Authors: Madhuri Vrisha , Selina Agnes , Loganathan Lakshmi , Kumar Ashis , Kumar Vignesh , Raymond Renita , Ramesh Sowmya , Vincy Nimmy , Joel Giftson , James Deeptiman , Kandagaddala Madhavi , B Antonisamy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of inherited disorders with increased bone fragility and wide genetic heterogeneity. We report the outcome of clinical exome sequencing validated by Sanger sequencing in clinically diagnosed 54 OI patients in Indian population. In 52 patients, we report 20 new variants involving both dominant and recessive OI‐specific genes and correlate these with phenotypes. COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene variants were identified in 44.23%, of which 28.84% were glycine substitution abnormalities. Two novel compound heterozygous variants in the FKBP10 gene were seen in two unrelated probands. A novel heterogeneous duplication of chromosomal region chr17: 48268168–48278884 from exons 1–33 of the COL1A1 gene was found in one proband. In five probands, there were additional variants in association with OI. These were ANO5 in association with CRTAP in two probands of the same family causing gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia, COL5A2 with LEPRE1 causing Ehlers Danlos syndrome, COL11A1 in addition to COL1A1 causing Stickler syndrome, and a previously unreported combination of SLC34A1 gene variant with FKBP10 leading to Fanconi renal tubular syndrome type II. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of clinical exome sequencing in screening OI patients, classifying its subtypes, and identifying associated disorders in consanguineous populations.
Risk factors for non‐response and discontinuation of Dienogest in endometriosis patients: A cohort study
Authors: Nirgianakis Konstantinos , Vaineau Cloé , Agliati Lia , McKinnon Brett , Gasparri Maria L. , Mueller Michael D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionProgestins are commonly prescribed first‐line drugs for endometriosis. High rates of non‐response and intolerance to these drugs have been previously reported. However, no study to date has investigated the characteristics and comorbidities of patients taking progestins in relation to treatment outcomes, so identifying which patients will respond to or tolerate the treatment is currently impossible. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to identify risk factors for non‐response and discontinuation of Dienogest (DNG) in women with endometriosis.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study including women currently taking, or newly prescribed, DNG for endometriosis‐associated pain presenting in the Endometriosis Clinic of the University Hospital of Bern between January 2017 and May 2018. Women with initiation of treatment directly after surgery for endometriosis were excluded. For all participants the symptoms and comorbidities were documented. Effectiveness, tolerability and discontinuation of DNG were the primary end points. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models were carried out to identify risk factors for non‐response, intolerance and discontinuation of DNG.ResultsA sufficient or excellent treatment response was reported by 85/125 (68%) participants. Genital bleeding during the DNG treatment was negatively (OR 0.185, 95% CI 0.056–0.610, P = .006) and rASRM endometriosis stages III and IV were positively (OR 3.876, 95% CI 1.202–12.498, P = .023) correlated with the DNG response. When accounting for exclusively pretreatment factors, primary dysmenorrhea (OR 0.236, 95% CI 0.090–0.615, P = .003) and suspicion of adenomyosis (OR 0.347, 95% CI 0.135–0.894, P = .028) were inversely correlated with DNG response, and the latter was also correlated with treatment discontinuation (OR 3.189, 95% CI 1.247–8.153, P = .015).ConclusionsGenital bleeding during the DNG treatment and low rASRM stages are independent risk factors for DNG non‐response. Before treatment initiation, primary dysmenorrhea and suspicion of adenomyosis correlate with DNG non‐response. The results could assist the clinician first to provide detailed information to women before treatment initiation, second to identify and possibly modify in‐therapy factors correlated to treatment effectiveness and lastly to switch treatment on time if needed.
Indocyanine green in the surgical management of endometriosis: A systematic review
Authors: Ianieri Manuel M. , Della Corte Luigi , Campolo Federica , Cosentino Francesco , Catena Ursula , Bifulco Giuseppe , Scambia Giovanni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionEndometriosis is a very common disease that affects up to 10% of the female population. The use of indocyanine green (ICG) dye has been proposed to allow the proper localization of endometriotic lesions during surgery. Our purpose is to offer an overview of near‐infrared (NIR)‐ICG in the surgical treatment of superficial peritoneal endometriosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis.Material and methodsElectronic databases were searched, including MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov, OVID and Cochrane Library. The studies were identified with the use of a mesh combination of the following keywords: “indocyanine green”, “endometriosis”, “deep endometriosis”, “robotic surgery”, “laparoscopy”, “ureter”, “rectosigmoid” from 2000 to May 2020. All articles describing the use of ICG applied to endometriosis surgery were considered for review. Only original papers that reported specific experience data on the topic were included. Moreover, video‐articles were included in the analysis. Quality and risk of bias were evaluated by two authors, respectively.ResultsFifty‐three studies were reviewed and reviews or comment articles not reporting original data and original articles lacking specific data on the application of ICG in patients affected by endometriosis were excluded. The quality of the 17 studies included was assessed. Eight studies suggested the usefulness of NIR‐ICG as a tool in the detection of endometriosis during surgery, and one randomized controlled trial and one prospective study did not confirm the advantage of its use. Eight studies found that NIR‐ICG was useful for the evaluation of vascularization in intestinal anastomoses and ureterolysis after surgery for deep infiltrating endometriosis.ConclusionsNIR‐ICG appears useful in the evaluation of vascularization in intestinal anastomoses after segmental resection, confirming its role even after ureterolysis for parametrial deep infiltrating endometriosis. However, its usefulness as a tool in the detection of endometriosis during surgery is inconsistent.
Disruption of transverse‐tubular network reduces energy efficiency in cardiac muscle contraction
Authors: Mellor Nicholas G. , Pham Toan , Tran Kenneth , Loiselle Denis S. , Ward Marie‐Louise , Taberner Andrew J. , Crossman David J. , Han June‐Chiew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimAltered organization of the transverse‐tubular network is an early pathological event occurring even prior to the onset of heart failure. Such t‐tubular remodelling disturbs the synchrony and signalling between membranous and intracellular ion channels, exchangers, receptors and ATPases essential in the dynamics of excitation‐contraction coupling, leading to ionic abnormality and mechanical dysfunction in heart disease progression. In this study, we investigated whether a disrupted t‐tubular network has a direct effect on cardiac mechano‐energetics. Our aim was to understand the fundamental link between t‐tubular remodelling and impaired energy metabolism, both of which are characteristics of heart failure. We thus studied healthy tissue preparations in which cellular processes are not altered by any disease event.MethodsWe exploited the “formamide‐detubulation” technique to acutely disrupt the t‐tubular network in rat left‐ventricular trabeculae. We assessed the energy utilization by cellular Ca2+ cycling and by crossbridge cycling, and quantified the change of energy efficiency following detubulation. For these measurements, trabeculae were mounted in a microcalorimeter where force and heat output were simultaneously measured.ResultsFollowing structural disorganization from detubulation, muscle heat output associated with Ca2+ cycling was reduced, indicating impaired intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. This led to reduced force production and heat output by crossbridge cycling. The reduction in force‐length work was not paralleled by proportionate reduction in the heat output and, as such, energy efficiency was reduced.ConclusionsThese results reveal the direct energetic consequences of disrupted t‐tubular network, linking the energy disturbance and the t‐tubular remodelling typically observed in heart failure.
Robot‐assisted kidney transplantation: update from the European Robotic Urology Section (ERUS) series
Authors: Musquera Mireia , Peri Lluis , Ajami Tarek , Campi Riccardo , Tugcu Volkan , Decaestecker Karel , Stockle Michael , Fornara Paolo , Doumerc Nicolas , Vigues Frances , Barod Ravi , Desender Liesbeth , Territo Angelo , Serni Sergio , Vignolini Graziano , Sahin Selçuk , Zeuschner Philipe , Banga Neal , Breda Alberto , Alcaraz Antonio 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo report the results of the robot‐assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) experience performed in 10 European centres by members of the European Robotic Urology Section (ERUS)‐RAKT group.Patients and MethodsThis is a multicentre prospective observational study of RAKT. Descriptive analysis of recipients and donor characteristics, surgical data, intraoperative outcomes, complications rate and functional results were collected and analysed.ResultsBetween July 2015 and September 2019, 291 living‐donor RAKTs were performed. Recipients were mostly male (189 [65%]), the mean Standard deviation (sd) age was 45.2 (13.35) years, the mean (sd) body mass index was 27.13 (19.28) kg/m2, and RAKT was pre‐emptive in 155 (53.8%) cases. Right and multiple arteries kidneys were used in 15.4%. The mean (sd) total surgical and re‐warming time was 244 (70.5) min and 53.16 (15.27) min, respectively. In all, 17 patients presented with postoperative bleeding (5.7%). Five kidneys had delayed graft function; five (2%) were lost due to thrombosis and one due to acute rejection. Two patients had arterial stenosis, three had incisional hernias, six had ureteric stenosis, and nine had lymphoceles. Neither surgical nor re‐warming times were correlated with postoperative serum creatinine levels (P > 0.05). Comparison of surgical data between the first 120 cases and the following 171 cases showed a significantly shorter total surgical time in the second group (265 vs 230 min, P = 0.005).ConclusionsThis is the largest European multicentre study of RAKT with good surgical and functional results competitive with open kidney transplant series, with a relatively short learning curve when performed in centres with a wide experience in open kidney transplantation and robotic surgery.
A time to make laws and a time to fundraise? On the relation between salaries and time use for state politicians
Authors: Hoffman Mitchell , Lyons Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We study the relationship between the level of compensation and time use for US state legislators. Using survey data on time use, we show that higher salary is robustly associated with legislators spending more time on fundraising. In contrast, higher salary is also robustly associated with less time spent on legislative activities and has no clear relation to time spent on constituent services. The fundraising results are particularly strong for legislators who do not intend to run for higher office. Our results are consistent with an interpretation that higher salary raises the value of office, and politicians respond with more fundraising because increased fundraising raises the chance of getting re‐elected more than does increased legislative activity. Back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations suggest that a $30,000 increase in salary is associated with politicians annually devoting 13 more hours to fundraising and 18 fewer hours to legislative activity.Résumé.Un temps pour faire les lois et un autre pour lever des fonds? Étude du rapport entre le salaire et l’emploi du temps des législateurs d’état. Dans cet article, nous examinons le lien entre le niveau de rémunération et l’emploi du temps des législateurs d’état aux États‐Unis. En nous appuyant sur plusieurs données d’enquêtes relatives à la gestion du temps, nous montrons que plus leur salaire est élevé, plus les législateurs ont tendance à consacrer du temps à lever des fonds, le temps dévolu aux activités législatives ayant, quant à lui, tendance à diminuer sans lien évident avec le temps passé en circonscription au service des citoyens. Les résultats relatifs aux levées de fonds sont particulièrement forts dès lors que les législateurs ne briguent pas de plus hautes fonctions, et sont conformes à l’interprétation selon laquelle un salaire élevé accroît l’intérêt pour une fonction. Et puisque l’augmentation des activités de financement ne se traduit pas par davantage d’activités législatives, mais par des chances de réélection accrues, les politiciens multiplient les levées de fonds. Des calculs rapides et approximatifs suggèrent qu’une hausse du salaire des politiciens de 30 000 $ par an représenterait 13 heures de collecte de fonds en plus, mais 18 heures d’activités législatives en moins annuellement.
Development of a T‐cell receptor mimic antibody targeting a novel Wilms tumor 1‐derived peptide and analysis of its specificity
Authors: Kurosawa Nobuyuki , Midorikawa Aki , Ida Kenta , Fudaba Yuka Wakata , Isobe Masaharu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWilms tumor 1 (WT1) is an intracellular tumor‐associated antigen that remains inaccessible to antibodies. Recently, T‐cell receptor (TCR) mimic antibodies (TCRm‐Abs), which recognize peptides loaded on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) with higher specificity and affinity than TCR, have been developed as a new antibody class that can target intracellular antigens. To expand the therapeutic targets in tumors with WT1, we developed TCRm‐Abs targeting a novel HLA‐A*02:01‐restricted peptide, WT1C (ALLPAVPSL), and validated their specificity using multiple techniques. Screening of these antibodies by ELISA with a panel of peptide/HLA complexes and by glycine scanning of peptide‐pulsed T2 cells identified one specific clone, #25‐8. Despite the low risk for eliciting broad cross–reactivity of this TCRm‐Ab, analysis of a panel of cell lines, in conjunction with exogenous expression of either or both the HLA‐A*02:01 and WT1 genes in HeLa cells, revealed that #25‐8 reacts with WT1C but also with unknown peptides in the context of HLA‐A*02:01. This potentially dangerous cross–reactivity was confirmed through analysis using chimeric antigen receptor T‐cells carrying the single‐chain variable fragment of #25‐8, which targets WT1‐negative HeLa/A02 cells. To determine the cross–reactive profiles of #25‐8, we applied the PresentER antigen presentation platform with the #25‐8‐recognition motif, which enables the identification of potential off–target peptides expressed in the human proteome. Our results demonstrate the potential of TCRm‐Abs to target a variety of peptides in the context of HLA but also depict the need for systematic validation to identify the cross–reactive peptides for the prediction of off–target toxicity in future clinical translation.