bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherent Analysis on Feature and Mechanism of Renewable Energy System in ST-3E System
Authors: Diao Chunyan , Cui Bojun , Wu Yunjie , Li Jianfeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Development of renewable energy is significant for energy security and also an important solution to cope with the climate change. Nowadays, due to its unique energy endowment, China’s energy security and sustainable development becomes a big issue. In this paper, in the ST-3E renewable energy system, the five features and five inherent mechanism are analyzed. In the area of sustainable development, this work can further promote the ST-3E renewable energy system model to help governments and international agencies to make energy strategies and policies.
Drainage and Total Nitrogen Loss of Cropland under Drip Irrigation and Subsurface Pipe Drainage
Authors: Zhang Shan , Tan Qian , Zhao Hang , Zhang Tong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Water saving irrigation as an effective measure to improve the utilization rate of water resources and alleviate water deficit has been widely practiced in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, an integrated drip irrigation and subsurface pipe drainage system was developed to study the total nitrogen emission concentration of sunflowers during the whole growth period. The test and results show that total nitrogen concentration of farmland drainage in the spring irrigation period exceeded the standard V of “Surface Water Quality Standard”. In addition, prolonging the leaching time or reducing the irrigation quota can effectively reduce the concentration of total nitrogen in farmland drainage.
A proof of factorization for deep inelastic neutrino scattering
Authors: Ling R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It is proven in this paper that the structure functions for the hadron quantity describing deep inelastic neutrino scattering factor into the product of a short-distance coefficient function, the non-perturbative parton distribution function which encompasses the underlying structure of the target, and the function for soft radiation which does not emerge in the case of electron scattering for which weak radiative corrections are usually practically ignored. This is shown to all orders of perturbative quantum chromodynamics and electroweak theory, and to leading order in the power expansion of the effective field theory used as a tool. It is based on the observation that there is no necessity to go into the partonic level of the physical process, for a generalized version of the operator product expansion affords a framework for the study of inclusive processes, where the momentum carried in by one current operator and out by the other is allowed to go to infinity. It is discovered following this line of argument that the objects entering the factorization theorem need not be SU(2) × U(1) gauge singlets, whether or not we perform the factorization in the symmetric phase. The factorization analysis provides initial conditions for evolution to arbitrary energies that allows for re-summation of large logarithms for loop calculations to the extent of accuracy requested.
Membership in Sport or Exercise Groups Predicts Sustained Physical Activity and Longevity in Older Adults Compared to Physically Active Matched Controls
Authors: Stevens Mark , Cruwys Tegan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Physical activity tends to decline in older age, despite being key to health and longevity. Previous investigations have focused on demographic and individual factors that predict sustained physical activity.

Purpose
To examine whether engaging in physical activity in the context of sport or exercise group membership can protect against age-related physical activity decline.

Methods
Drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, participants were members of sport or exercise groups aged 50 and over (N = 2015) as well as nonmember controls, who were matched at baseline for age, sex, and physical activity levels (N = 1881). Longitudinal mixed effects models were used to assess the effect of sport or exercise group membership on physical activity and longevity across a 14-year follow-up.

Results
Members of sport or exercise groups experienced an attenuated decline in both moderate and vigorous physical activity over a 14-year follow-up compared to physically active matched controls. Sport or exercise group members were also less likely to have died at follow-up, an effect that was mediated through sustained physical activity.

Conclusions
Promoting membership in sport and exercise groups may be a beneficial strategy for supporting sustained physical activity and health among older people.
Visual Priming Influences Olfactomotor Response and Perceptual Experience of Smells
Authors: Manesse Cédric , Fournel Arnaud , Bensafi Moustafa , Ferdenzi Camille 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Whereas contextual influences in the visual and auditory domains have been largely documented, little is known about how chemical senses might be affected by our multisensory environment. In the present study, we aimed to better understand how a visual context can affect the perception of a rather pleasant (floral) and a rather unpleasant (damp) odor. To this end, 19 healthy participants performed a series of tasks including odor detection followed by perceptual evaluations of odor intensity, pleasantness, flowery, and damp characters of both odors presented at 2 different concentrations. A visual context (either congruent or incongruent with the odor; or a neutral control context) preceded odor stimulations. Olfactomotor responses as well as response times were recorded during the detection task. Results showed an influence of the visual context on semantic and motor responses to the target odors. First, congruency between context and odor increased the saliency of the olfactory feature of the memory trace, for the pleasant floral odor only (higher perceived flowery note). Clinical applications of this finding for olfactory remediation in dysosmic patients are proposed. Second, the unpleasant odor remained unaffected by visual primes, whatever the condition. In addition, incongruency between context and odor (regardless of odor type) had a disruptive effect on odor sampling behavior, which was interpreted as a protective behavior in response to expectancy violation. Altogether, this second series of effects may serve an adaptive function, especially the avoidance of, or simply vigilance toward, aversive and unpredictable stimuli.
Identification of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms among geographically diverse radish accessions
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroto , Shirasawa Kenta , Fukino Nobuko , Hirakawa Hideki , Akanuma Takashi , Kitashiba Hiroyasu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is cultivated around the world as a vegetable crop and exhibits diverse morphological and physiological features. DNA polymorphisms are responsible for differences in traits among cultivars. In this study, we determined genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among geographically diverse radish accessions using the double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) method. A total of 52,559 SNPs was identified in a collection of over 500 radish accessions (cultivated and wild) from East Asia, South and Southeast Asia, and the Occident and Near East. In addition, 2,624 SNP sites without missing data (referred to as common SNP sites) were identified among 510 accessions. Genetic diversity analyses, based on the common SNP sites, divided the cultivated radish accessions into four main groups, each derived from four geographical areas (Japan, East Asia, South and Southeast Asia, and the Occident and Near East). Furthermore, we discuss the origin of cultivated radish and its migration from the West to East Asia. SNP data generated in this work will facilitate further genetic studies on the radish breeding and production of DNA markers.
Paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation ablation outcomes with the pulmonary vein ablation catheter GOLD duty-cycled phased radiofrequency ablation catheter: quality of life and 12-month efficacy results from the GOLD Atrial Fibrillation Registry
Authors: Boersma Lucas , Koźluk Edward , Maglia Giampiero , de Sousa João , Grebe Olaf , Eckardt Lars , Hokanson Robert B , Hemingway Lauren A , Ostern Ekaterina , Park Hyoung-Seob , Rovaris Giovanni , Arribas Fernando , Scharf Christoph , Csanádi Zoltán , Arenal Ángel , Laurenzi Francesco , Klaver Martijn , Goette Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
The GOLD AF Registry has been designed to prospectively assess the population, indications, and outcomes using second-generation phased radiofrequency (RF) ablation (pulmonary vein ablation catheter GOLD) in a global examination of standard-of-care use for the treatment of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results
GOLD AF (NCT02433613) is a prospective, observational, multi-centre registry designed to characterize efficacy and safety of phased RF ablation in patients with AF. The primary endpoint was freedom from AF recurrence at 12-month follow-up after a 90-day blanking period. Ancillary objectives include safety, procedural efficiency, and quality of life (QoL). The QoL assessment using the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-Life (AFEQT) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) Score of AF-related symptoms was collected at baseline and 12 months. In total, 1054 patients were included in this analysis (age 60.6, 67.6% male, 26.5% PersAF). Kaplan–Meier estimate of freedom from AF recurrence was 77.7% at 12 months. Peri-procedural device or procedure-related complications were observed in 26 (2.5%) patients, with a low stroke rate of 0.3%. One-year post-ablation, the EHRA AF Symptom score decreased in 68% of patients. The AFEQT score improvement was observed in 88.4% and 90.4% of patients who completed the questionnaire in-person or interviewed by phone at 12 month follow-up, respectively.

Conclusion
Phased RF ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal and persistent AF demonstrated a 77.7% freedom from AF recurrence at 12 months in addition to a significant reduction in arrhythmia symptoms and clinically meaningful improved QoL. Low peri-procedural complication rate of &lt;3% was reported.
Current trends in access to treatment for hepatitis B in immigrants vs non-immigrants
Authors: Miquel Mireia , Pardo Albert , Forné Montse , Martínez-Alpin Gemma , Rodríguez-Castellano Adrià , Casas Meritxell , Rosinach Mercè , Roget Mercè , Dalmau Blai , Temiño Rocío , Quer Joan Carlos , Sanchez-Delgado Jordi , Ortiz Jordi , Vergara Mercedes 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Universal vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and migratory movements have changed the demographic characteristics of this disease in Spain and in Europe. Therefore, we evaluated the characteristics of the disease and the possible differences according to origin (immigrants vs non-immigrants) and access to treatment.

Methods
This is a multicenter cross-sectional study (June 2014 to May 2015) in which outpatients with a positive HBsAg were seen and followed in four Hepatology units. Demographic and clinical data and indication and access to treatment were collected in two different regions of Catalonia (Spain) where there are no barriers to treatment due to a comprehensive coverage under the National Health System.

Results
A total of 951 patients were evaluated (48.1% men). Of these, 46.6% were immigrants (58.7% of them were born in Africa) and were significantly younger compared to non-immigrants. The proportions of patients with alcohol consumption, being overweight, and other indicators of metabolic co-morbidities were significantly higher in non-immigrants. Among the 937 patients receiving HBeAg examination, 91.7% were HBeAg-negative. Chronic HBeAg-positive infection was significantly higher in immigrants (3.9% vs 0.6%, P = 0.001) and chronic HBeAg-negative hepatitis was higher non-immigrants (31.7% vs 21.4%, P &lt; 0.001). Not only was the proportion of patients who met treatment criteria significantly higher among non-immigrants (38.4% vs 29.2%, P = 0.003), but also the proportion of those with indication of effectively receiving therapy at the time of data collection (83.2% vs 57.8 %, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The immigrant population with HBV is younger and has a lower prevalence of metabolic co-morbidities and a higher frequency of chronic HBeAg infection. Despite having access to care and an indication for treatment, some do not get adequately treated due to several factors including local adaptation that precludes access to treatment.
Generativity and Social Well-Being in Older Women: Expectations Regarding Aging Matter
Authors: Moieni Mona , Seeman Teresa E , Robles Theodore F , Lieberman Matthew D , Okimoto Stephanie , Lengacher Clara , Irwin Michael R , Eisenberger Naomi I 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesBeliefs about aging can contribute to health and well-being in older adults. Feeling generative, or that one is caring for and contributing to the well-being of others, can also impact health and well-being. In this study, we hypothesized that those with more positive expectations regarding aging (ERA) in the mental health domain would report greater levels of perceived social support (PSS) and lower levels of loneliness in response to a generativity intervention (vs control condition).MethodParticipants in this study (n = 73, 100% female) were randomly assigned to a 6-week generativity condition, which involved writing about life experiences and sharing advice with others, or to a control condition, which involved writing about neutral topics. Pre- and postintervention, PSS, and feelings of loneliness were measured.ResultsThose in the generativity condition with more positive ERA in the mental health domain reported greater PSS and lower loneliness postintervention.DiscussionThese results highlight the importance of psychological factors, such as ERA, in moderating the efficacy of interventions to promote social well-being in older adults.
Hearing Impairment and Mental Health Among Married Couples
Authors: West Jessica S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Disablement is a significant health problem and chronic stressor for older adults and is associated with negative mental health outcomes. Although some research has explored how disability extends beyond individuals to influence the mental health of their support networks, less population-based research has assessed the consequences of hearing impairment, a growing public health concern that affects 72.4% of people aged 65 and older. Moreover, although much research has examined the negative individual impact of hearing impairment, less population-based research has assessed its consequences on spouses. To fill this gap, the current study builds on gender, marriage, and stress proliferation research to examine (a) the association between own hearing impairment and spouses’ depressive symptoms, and (b) whether this association varies by the gender of the spouse.

Method
Fixed-effects regression models were conducted using data from 5,485 couples (10,970 individuals) from 10 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2016).

Results
Wives’ fair or poor hearing is significantly associated with an increase in husbands’ depressive symptoms, net of controls. However, husbands’ fair or poor hearing is not associated with an increase in wives’ depressive symptoms.

Discussion
These findings suggest that hearing impairment can proliferate from one spouse to the other, but that this proliferation depends on gender. Health care providers need to be aware of the implications for husbands when treating women with hearing impairment.
The exponentiated phase measurement, and objective-function hybridization for adjoint waveform tomography
Authors: Yuan Yanhua O , Bozdağ Ebru , Ciardelli Caio , Gao Fuchun , Simons F J 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARY
Seismic tomography has arrived at the threshold of the era of big data. However, how to extract information optimally from every available time-series remains a challenge; one that is directly related to the objective function chosen as a distance metric between observed and synthetic data. Time-domain cross-correlation and frequency-dependent multitaper traveltime measurements are generally tied to window selection algorithms in order to balance the amplitude differences between seismic phases. Even then, such measurements naturally favour the dominant signals within the chosen windows. Hence, it is difficult to select all usable portions of seismograms with any sort of optimality. As a consequence, information ends up being lost, in particular from scattered waves. In contrast, measurements based on instantaneous phase allow extracting information uniformly over the seismic records without requiring their segmentation. And yet, measuring instantaneous phase, like any other phase measurement, is impeded by phase wrapping. In this paper, we address this limitation by using a complex-valued phase representation that we call ‘exponentiated phase’. We demonstrate that the exponentiated phase is a good substitute for instantaneous-phase measurements. To assimilate as much information as possible from every seismogram while tackling the non-linearity of inversion problems, we discuss a flexible hybrid approach to combine various objective functions in adjoint seismic tomography. We focus on those based on the exponentiated phase, to take into account relatively small-magnitude scattered waves; on multitaper measurements of selected surface waves; and on cross-correlation measurements on specific windows to select distinct body-wave arrivals. Guided by synthetic experiments, we discuss how exponentiated-phase, multitaper and cross-correlation measurements, and their hybridization, affect tomographic results. Despite their use of multiple measurements, the computational cost to evaluate gradient kernels for the objective functions is scarcely affected, allowing for issues with data quality and measurement challenges to be simultaneously addressed efficiently.
Probabilistic estimation of structure coefficients and their uncertainties, for inner-core sensitive modes, using matrix autoregression
Authors: Pachhai S , Masters G , Laske G 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYNormal-mode structure coefficients are crucial observations to infer the velocity, density and attenuation structure of the deep Earth interior, but estimating these coefficients from Earth's normal mode spectra is a non-linear inverse problem. Additionally, complete source information is typically unknown for large earthquakes, and there is a trade-off between the earthquake source and attenuation. Therefore, proper estimation of elastic and anelastic structure coefficients with their uncertainties becomes challenging. Here, we combine a matrix autoregression and a fully non-linear probabilistic sampling to address existing limitations. After successful feasibility experiments using synthetic data with noise, we apply this combined approach to the data for 19 inner-core sensitive spheroidal (S) modes measured for earthquakes from 1994 to 2016. We further implement a model selection criterion to assess whether anelastic structure is significant. Our model selection criterion indicates that anelastic structure coefficients are required only for modes with strong shear-wave energy in the inner core. Inversion results also show a strong correlation between elastic and anelastic splitting functions for these modes. This indicates that the seismic waves travel faster and strongly attenuate along polar paths such that the m = 0 singlet remains poorly observed for these modes.
Orthogonal structure on a quadratic curve
Authors: Olver Sheehan , Xu Yuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Orthogonal polynomials on quadratic curves in the plane are studied. These include orthogonal polynomials on ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas and two lines. For an integral with respect to an appropriate weight function defined on any quadratic curve, an explicit basis of orthogonal polynomials is constructed in terms of two families of orthogonal polynomials in one variable. Convergence of the Fourier orthogonal expansions is also studied in each case. We discuss applications to the Fourier extension problem, interpolation of functions with singularities or near singularities and the solution of Schrödinger’s equation with nondifferentiable or nearly nondifferentiable potentials.
Antibody Fc Glycosylation Discriminates Between Latent and Active Tuberculosis
Authors: Lu Lenette L , Das Jishnu , Grace Patricia S , Fortune Sarah M , Restrepo Blanca I , Alter Galit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMycobacterium tuberculosis remains a global health problem and clinical management is complicated by difficulty in discriminating between latent infection and active disease. While M. tuberculosis-reactive antibody levels are heterogeneous, studies suggest that levels of IgG glycosylation differ between disease states. Here we extend this observation across antibody domains and M. tuberculosis specificities to define changes with the greatest resolving power.MethodsCapillary electrophoretic glycan analysis was performed on bulk non-antigen–specific IgG, bulk Fc domain, bulk Fab domain, and purified protein derivative (PPD)- and Ag85A-specific IgG from subjects with latent (n = 10) and active (n = 20) tuberculosis. PPD-specific isotype/subclass, PPD-specific antibody-dependent phagocytosis, cellular cytotoxicity, and natural killer cell activation were assessed. Discriminatory potentials of antibody features were evaluated individually and by multivariate analysis.ResultsParallel profiling of whole, Fc, and Fab domain-specific IgG glycosylation pointed to enhanced differential glycosylation on the Fc domain. Differential glycosylation was observed across antigen-specific antibody populations. Multivariate modeling highlighted Fc domain glycan species as the top discriminatory features, with combined PPD IgG titers and Fc domain glycans providing the highest classification accuracy.ConclusionsDifferential glycosylation occurs preferentially on the Fc domain, providing significant discriminatory power between different states of M. tuberculosis infection and disease.
Antibiotic Use in Food Animals: Controlling the Human Health Impact
Authors: Tollefson Linda , Miller Margaret Ann 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobial drugs has compromised control of many bacterial pathogens. For foodborne pathogens, the most likely source of resistance is use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals. To control the human health impact from use of antimicrobials in animals, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently announced plans to assess the microbial safety of all antimicrobials intended for use in food-producing animals. This paper describes the history of antimicrobial use and regulation in animals, the public health concern, the current animal drug approval process in the United States, the international perspective, and FDA's proposed procedures to evaluate the human health impact of the antimicrobial effects associated with animal drugs intended for use in food-producing animals. The primary public health goal of the improved regulatory paradigm is to ensure that significant human antimicrobial therapies are not lost due to use of antimicrobials in food animals.