bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special issue introduction Ownership in a post‐aid effectiveness era: Comparative perspectives
Authors: Keijzer Niels , Black David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMotivationClose to 15 years have passed since the adoption of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, which generated unprecedented efforts to advance effective development co‐operation with a central focus on developing country ownership. Under today’s international development co‐operation realities, involving inclusive agendas, strategic divergence and increasing competition, discussions on ownership, harmonization and alignment have lost traction. Yet the practices of development co‐operation relationships show strong continuities.PurposeThis special issue examines how the principle of ownership may be understood and advanced under these new conditions. National ownership is prioritized in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development yet has so far been marginalized by a predominantly piecemeal response and by the rise of “mutual benefit” co‐operation.Approach and MethodsThis special issue takes an inductive approach to studying specific cases and actors bearing on the challenge of understanding and advancing ownership today, in order to inform future policy and research. The contributions to this special issue mainly draw from qualitative research designs that present detailed research inquiries into specific country and actor cases, drawing from interviews, structured desk reviews of policy documents and the rich body of literature on development effectiveness. They are complemented by two contributions that respectively present quantitative research and probe the critical and post‐development literature for additional insights.FindingsFindings point to an increasing prevalence of pragmatism and self‐interest among all actors, to the detriment of national ownership. Broad co‐operation agendas, a sense of urgency interpreted as a search for quick results, and more diverse, interest‐ and outcome‐driven forms of multi‐stakeholder partnerships all entail a more assertive and proactive approach on the part of external actors. Under these conditions, local initiative may either become stifled or be reasoned away. Given this, today’s dominant approaches to co‐operation raise concerns about their ethics and sustainability.Policy implicationsOwnership remains both a requirement and a desired outcome of international co‐operation and is key to the effective use of public funding. A key requirement to revitalizing the debate on and practice of ownership is to gather better evidence as the basis for informed scrutiny. To this end, policy‐makers need to reprioritize independent evaluation at both the individual and collective level.
Extra molting, cannibalism and pupal diapause under unfavorable growth conditions in Atrophaneura alcinous (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: Nakahara Toru , Horita Junnosuke , Booton Ross D. , Yamaguchi Ryo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAtrophaneura alcinous adopt multiple strategies such as extra molting, cannibalism and pupal diapause under unfavorable growth conditions. The conditions under which these strategies are adopted have been separately verified, but their relationship has often been overlooked. We examined which strategy A. alcinous adopted and the relative advantages of strategies using four experimental groups under different food quantity and individual density conditions. Our results indicated that A. alcinous often extra‐molted, prolonged the larval period, and larval and pupal weights were lighter under food shortage. Cannibalism and disease often occurred under the high density and food shortage condition. We also showed that individuals cannibalized during the prepupal or pupal period were less likely to extra molt before they were killed. Extra molting tended to occur more frequently in females than in males under a shortage of food. In addition, we showed that, when food was insufficient, A. alcinous might initiate pupal diapause under low densities, but not under high densities. These results suggest that A. alcinous prolongs the larval period by engaging in extra molting during times of unfavorable food conditions. This strategy might decrease the risk of cannibalization because surrounding larvae who could potentially cannibalize others pupate before larvae who prolong the larval period pupate. Our results also suggest that diapausing pupae under a shortage of food can only survive when there are few surrounding conspecifics, due to a lower cannibalization risk. In conclusion, there is a complex interaction between extra molting, cannibalism and pupal diapause strategies.
Vegetation expansion in the subnival Hindu Kush Himalaya
Authors: Anderson Karen , Fawcett Dominic , Cugulliere Anthony , Benford Sophie , Jones Darren , Leng Ruolin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe mountain systems of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) are changing rapidly due to climatic change, but an overlooked component is the subnival ecosystem (between the treeline and snow line), characterized by short‐stature plants and seasonal snow. Basic information about subnival vegetation distribution and rates of ecosystem change are not known, yet such information is needed to understand relationships between subnival ecology and water/carbon cycles. We show that HKH subnival ecosystems cover five to 15 times the area of permanent glaciers and snow, highlighting their eco‐hydrological importance. Using satellite data from the Landsat 5, 7 and 8 missions, we measured change in the spatial extent of subnival vegetation from 1993 to 2018. The Landsat surface reflectance‐derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index product was thresholded at 0.1 to indicate the presence/absence of vegetation. Using this product, the strength and direction of time‐series trends in the green pixel fraction were measured within three regions of interest. We controlled for cloud cover, snow cover and evaluated the impact of sensor radiometric differences between Landsat 7 and Landsat 8. Using Google Earth Engine to expedite data processing tasks, we show that there has been a weakly positive increase in the extent of subnival vegetation since 1993. Strongest and most significant trends were found in the height region of 5,000–5,500 m a.s.l. across the HKH extent: R2 = .302, Kendall's τ = 0.424, p < .05, but this varied regionally, with height, and according to the sensors included in the time series. Positive trends at lower elevations occurred on steeper slopes whilst at higher elevations, flatter areas exhibited stronger trends. We validated our findings using online photographs. Subnival ecological changes have likely impacted HKH carbon and water cycles with impacts on millions of people living downstream, but the strength and direction of impacts of vegetation expansion remain unknown.
The blockade of CC chemokine receptor type 1 influences the level of nociceptive factors and enhances opioid analgesic potency in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Pawlik Katarzyna , Piotrowska Anna , Kwiatkowski Klaudia , Ciapała Katarzyna , Popiolek‐Barczyk Katarzyna , Makuch Wioletta , Mika Joanna 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA growing body of evidence has indicated that the release of nociceptive factors, such as interleukins and chemokines, by activated immune and glial cells has crucial significance for neuropathic pain generation and maintenance. Moreover, changes in the production of nociceptive immune factors are associated with low opioid efficacy in the treatment of neuropathy. Recently, it has been suggested that CC chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) signaling is important for nociception. Our study provides evidence that the development of hypersensitivity in rats following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is associated with significant up‐regulation of endogenous CCR1 ligands, namely, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL6, CCL7 and CCL9 in the spinal cord and CCL2, CCL6, CCL7 and CCL9 in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We showed that single and repeated intrathecal administration of J113863 (an antagonist of CCR1) attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Moreover, repeated administration of a CCR1 antagonist enhanced the analgesic properties of morphine and buprenorphine after CCI. Simultaneously, repeated administration of J113863 reduced the protein levels of IBA‐1 in the spinal cord and MPO and CD4 in the DRG and, as a consequence, the level of pronociceptive factors, such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6 and IL‐18. The data obtained provide evidence that CCR1 blockade reduces hypersensitivity and increases opioid‐induced analgesia through the modulation of neuroimmune interactions.
“She’ll be able to live independently… as long as I’m around”: The “lived” experience of parenting a child with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in the transition to adulthood
Authors: Goodwin Jane , Swaab Linda , Campbell Linda E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome. Parents of emerging adults with 22q11DS have an intense and ongoing involvement in their child's life. This study explores the lived experience of parents in relation to their child becoming independent and establishing intimate relationships.MethodInterpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore the positive and negative experiences of five parents of emerging adults with 22q11DS.ResultsSupervised independence overarched four subordinate themes. These themes highlighted the difficulties experienced by parents attempting to relinquish control whilst still experiencing a need to keep their child safe as their child negotiated a complex stage of life. Parents waited for “signs” from their child before initiating conversations about intimate relationships.ConclusionsThese findings provide insight into the lived experience of parenting a child through the transition into adulthood, providing a catalyst for further research with the aim of facilitating better services for families.
Seeing strengths: Young adults and their siblings with autism or intellectual disability
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Carlton Mary E. , Travers Hilary E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the positive qualities of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities can provide a much‐needed counterpoint to deficit‐based depictions of disability.MethodThis study examined how 163 young adults (ages 18–30) viewed the strengths of their brothers and sisters with intellectual disability or autism using the Assessment Scale for Positive Character Traits‐Developmental Disabilities (Woodard, 2009). In addition, the authors examined factors that may shape their perspectives.ResultsOverall, siblings' ratings of strengths were moderate to high, indicating an overall portrait of strengths. The majority of brothers and sisters with disabilities was described as having multiple strengths and their profiles on this measure were highly individualized. Lower overall ratings were associated with several variables, including not using speech as a primary mode of communication, exhibiting challenging behaviours, having autism and not currently living together.ConclusionsThe authors offer recommendations for future research and practice related to supporting siblings with and without disabilities.
Percutaneous retrieval of a dislocated LAmbre left atrial appendage occluder in a canine model
Authors: Wang Guangji , Kong Bin , Liu Yu , Huang He 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDislocated left atrial appendage (LAA) occluders can be retrieved by percutaneous intervention when performing device embolization into the left atrium (LA), aorta (AO), or left ventricle (LV). However, few reports exist regarding LAmbre LAA occluder dislocation.ObjectiveThe study was aimed to explore the outcome of retrieving dislocated LAmbre LAA occluder.MethodsSixteen healthy dogs received LAmbre implants. After implantation of an occlusion device (not released), the occlusion device was completely retrieved. Subsequently, the device was released in the LA, resulting in the dislocation of the device. Angiography and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were performed to check the occluders position. Disposable grasping rat‐tooth forceps were used to percutaneously retrieve the LAA occluder.ResultsAll the 16 dogs were successfully implanted with the LAmbre LAA occluder and the success rate was 100%. After the occluder was released, TEE and angiography confirmed that the device was located in the LA in eight cases (50%), in the AO in five cases (31%), and in the LV in three cases (19%). One subject died due to cardiogenic shock before the retrieval procedure was complete as the device fell into the LV. Two cases of device‐related aortic valve injury occurred during the retrieval procedure when the device was located in the LV. No complications were observed when the device was located in the LA or AO.ConclusionsDevice retrieval is feasible in most cases. However, potentially lethal complications may occur once the device is dislocated into the LV/AO.
Real‐world evidence of secukinumab in psoriasis treatment – a meta‐analysis of 43 studies
Authors: Augustin M. , Jullien D. , Martin A. , Peralta C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReal‐world evidence (RWE) meta‐analyses provide valuable insights from patients in routine clinical practice. Secukinumab, the first fully human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes IL‐17A, has shown long‐lasting effectiveness and safety in plaque psoriasis (PsO). Since its licence approval in 2015, many RWE studies have been published. The objective of this study was to review all available literature on RWE studies with secukinumab and the secukinumab arm of comparator studies in patients with moderate‐to‐severe PsO to evaluate its effectiveness, drug survival and safety. https://www.embase.com and https://clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched using prespecified inclusion criteria between 1 January 2015 and 31 May 2019. Using a meta‐package and R statistical software to analyse data, key outcomes were measured at 3, 6 and 12 months. PASI and DLQI score data were recorded for patients who remained on secukinumab treatment. Overall, 43 studies were included. Drug survival was 90% at 3 and 6 months, and 80% at 12 months. At 12 months, 8% of patients had discontinued treatment due to lack of effectiveness. At 3, 6 and 12 months, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 90 scores were as follows: 50%, 53% and 60%, and PASI 100 scores were 36%, 46% and 51%, respectively. At 3, 6 and 12 months, 57%, 55% and 65% of patients achieved a Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score of 0 or 1, respectively. Adverse events were consistent with rates observed in clinical trials with no new safety signals. This meta‐analysis strengthens existing evidence on the clinical effectiveness of secukinumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe PsO, demonstrating high drug survival rates, high levels of patient‐reported outcomes, and good tolerance.
Trachyonychia: a retrospective study of 122 patients in a period of 30 years
Authors: Starace M. , Alessandrini A. , Bruni F. , Piraccini B.M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrachyonychia is a nail disease characterized by longitudinal striations, ridges, fissures and/or pitting. This condition can be both idiopathic and associated with other dermatologic diseases.Objective and methodsThe aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the clinical features, onychoscopy, therapy efficacy and outcome of 122 patients with trachyonychia visited at the Hair Disease Outpatient Consultations of the Dermatology Unit of the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine of the University of Bologna, from 1988 to 2018.ResultsOpaque trachyonychia was the most observed type while shiny trachyonychia, less common, was present especially in milder cases. Pitting was the most frequently observed feature (80.3%), followed by koilonychia (45%) and hyperkeratosis (19.6%). Nail matrix longitudinal biopsy was performed for diagnosis confirmation in 29 cases, and spongiotic was the most common pattern. Topical therapy was prescribed in 109 patients while systemic treatments were reserved for severe cases (38 patients); 22 patients did not receive any treatment. A marked improvement in the appearance of the nails or even a total resolution was seen in 63 patients.ConclusionsTrachyonychia can occur at any age but is more frequent in children and often associated with alopecia areata. The pathological diagnosis of trachyonychia is not mandatory as the disease has generally a benign outcome. Considering the absence of pain and the high rate of spontaneous resolution, treatment is often prescribed only for cosmetic reasons or reserved for severe cases.
Outcome of ICSI pregnancies with spontaneous loss of a co‐twin compared with singleton ICSI pregnancies: Single center experience
Authors: Uysal Nihal Ş. , Gülümser Çağrı , Bilgin Yanık Filiz F. , Önalan Göğşen , Zeyneloğlu Hulusi B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) pregnancies complicated by spontaneous loss of a dichorionic co‐twin with that of singleton ICSI pregnancies.MethodsThe study group included dichorionic ICSI pregnancies with co‐twin loss (n = 33) and the control group included ICSI pregnancies with a singleton from the beginning (n = 327). Primary outcome measures were obstetric complications, including preterm delivery, newborn small for gestational age, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertensive disorders and abruptio placenta; admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and perinatal mortality observed in the study and control groups. Statistical analysis was performed using spss for Windows, version 22.0.ResultsIn the study group, there were 26 cases of first trimester (early) and 7 cases of second or third trimester (late) co‐twin losses. Mean gestational age at delivery and mean birth weight were significantly lower in the whole study group compared to control (P < 0.05). Preterm delivery and NICU admission rates were significantly higher in the whole study group, compared to control (39.3% vs 14.6% and 36.36% vs 11.69% respectively, P < 0.05), but did not show significant difference between early loss subgroup and control (P > 0.05). Preterm delivery rate was significantly higher in the late loss subgroup compared to the early loss subgroup (85.71% vs 26.92% P < 0.05).ConclusionLoss of a co‐twin in dichorionic ICSI pregnancies is associated with increased risk of preterm birth. This risk is significantly higher in cases with late loss compared to the early loss cases.
Validation of the HADS and PSS‐10 and a cross‐sectional study of psychological status in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Wiriyakijja Paswach , Porter Stephen , Fedele Stefano , Hodgson Tim , McMillan Roddy , Shephard Martina , Ni Riordain Richeal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo validate the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the 10‐item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐10) for use in clinical studies of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and to provide cross‐sectional assessment of anxiety, depressive, and distress symptoms and perceived stress in patients with RAS.MethodsThe validity and reliability of the HADS and PSS‐10 were evaluated in 120 individuals with RAS through confirmatory factor analysis and calculation of Cronbach's alpha and omega coefficients. The prevalence of comorbid anxiety, depression, distress, and moderate‐to‐high perceived stress, and their association with demographics and clinical factors were assessed through cutoff scores of the HADS and PSS‐10 and bivariate analyses, respectively.ResultsA bi‐factor model, with all items loading onto general factor with two group factors, provides the best fit to the HADS and PSS‐10 data of this RAS cohort. While omega values suggested adequate reliability of total score of both scales, relatively low ranges of coefficient omega hierarchical limit utility of their subscale scores. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, distress, and moderate‐to‐high perceived stress was 42.5%, 18.33%, 28.33%, and 71.67%, respectively. Ethnicity, alcohol consumption, disease comorbidities, clinical type of RAS, ulcer size, pain, and RAS disease activity were found to be associated with negative psychological symptoms.ConclusionThe HADS and PSS‐10 are valid and reliable as general scales of psychological distress and stress in patients with RAS. Significant mental burden among RAS patients makes the use of these validated instruments a sensible and prudent practice for psychological assessment of this patient group.
Medicaid coverage expansions and liability insurance
Authors: Heaton Paul , Flint Caleb 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDo changes in the population covered by health insurance affect liability insurers, who compensate billions of dollars in medical claims each year? We examine this question by exploiting the selective rollout across states of Medicaid expansions under the Affordable Care Act. Using data on insurer losses across a range of insurance lines, and employing a triple‐difference research design that contrasts states, years, and lines of insurance, we demonstrate that coverage expansions reduce auto liability and workers’ compensation outlays by 6–11 percent, but do not measurably impact other lines of insurance. Our analysis provides some of the first evidence regarding the use of the tort system particularized to the low‐income population and is the first to consider the impacts of health insurance on medical professional liability and commercial auto insurance claims.
Natural polyphenols prevent indomethacin-induced and diclofenac-induced Caco-2 cell death by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress regardless of their direct reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity
Authors: Boonyong Cherdsak , Vardhanabhuti Nontima , Jianmongkol Suree 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Indomethacin (INDO) and diclofenac (DIC) can induce intestinal cell death through induction of oxidative stress-mediated ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated the cytoprotective potential of 11 polyphenols, namely caffeic acid (CAF), curcumin (CUR), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallic acid (GAL), hypophyllanthin (HYPO), naringenin (NAR), phyllanthin (PHY), piperine (PIP), quercetin (QUE), rutin (RUT) and silymarin (SLY) against these two NSAIDs in Caco-2 cells.

Methods
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined with fluorescence spectroscopy using specific probes (DHE, DCFH-DA, HPF). Cell viability and mitochondrial function were assessed by MTT and TMRE assays. The mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and CHOP proteins were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique.

Key findings
All test polyphenols reduced NSAIDs-mediated ROS production. Only EGCG, QUE and RUT protected INDO-/DIC-induced cell death. These three polyphenols suppressed Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, CHOP up-regulation and MMP disruption in NSAIDs-treated cells. CAF and NAR prevented cytotoxicity from INDO, but not DIC. The cytoprotective effect of NAR, but not CAF, involved alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio or MMP disruption, but not CHOP transcription.

Conclusion
The cytoprotective activity of polyphenols against NSAIDs-induced toxicity stemmed from either suppression of CHOP-related ER and mitochondria stresses or other CHOP-independent pathways, but not from the intrinsic ROS scavenging capacity.