bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting the Wait—at Least for a While
Authors: Kay Adrian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although health policy was not an original feature of the attempt by New Labour to break from ‘old’ Labour politics in the UK, the alignment of political priority and policy analysis in government produced a successful period in the UK National Health Service. This chapter investigates the case of the historically significant decline in waiting times for NHS services in the decade after 2000; queues which were often at least eighteen months dropped to no more than eighteen weeks by 2010. Unlike welfare state politics generally in the UK, the NHS has always enjoyed great political legitimacy. This chapter reveals how this anchored a notable process improvement in the reform of a well-entrenched, fifty-year-old NHS system in the early 2000s, where previously abandoned programmes were recombined in a strong emphasis on commissioning alongside a significant boost in public expenditure agreed by the initially reluctant Minister of Finance, Gordon Brown. The chapter investigates how this process improvement in turn resulted in significant improvements in access to NHS services over the subsequent decade and presented a sequenced pattern of governing success; from politics to process to programme.
Introduction
Authors: Macartney Huw 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the bank culture debate that took place in the political realm. It then explains that the political debate was based on a very narrow reading of bank culture, which focused on improving market conduct via greater market discipline and ethical reforms. The idea was to make bankers behave better. The chapter argues however, that there are compelling structural pressures—under financialization—that determine bank culture in Anglo-America, but which were conspicuously absent from the political debate. The chapter explains why policymakers avoided the more challenging debate about bank culture.
Bank Culture
Authors: Macartney Huw 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter expands on the two explanations for bank culture. Firstly, it explores the idea that culture is determined by financial and non-financial incentives, and values. Secondly, the chapter explores the financialization of Anglo-America. It argues that financialization stemmed from a crisis of accumulation in the post-war economy, but came to reshape a full range of financial and non-financial corporate activities. It explains though that financialization breeds instability and inequality, and that Anglo-American banks exploit and exacerbate these conditions. This is the argument that will be developed more fully in coming chapters, in order to understand the more significant determinants of ‘bad’ bank culture.
US Responses and the First Phase
Authors: Macartney Huw 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter covers the early 2000s in the US and explains the backdrop to the legitimacy crisis that unfolded as the culture of banking crisis hit. It explains that following a regulatory tightening after the Enron scandal and the Dot.com boom, efforts diminished by the mid-2000s. Using opinion poll data the chapter then shows how public confidence in both the banks and the political classes fell dramatically as the financial crisis hit. It then explores the initial political responses to the financial crisis, arguing that though bank culture was identified as a problem as early as 2008–9, the initial responses focused only on tightening market discipline to reform conduct.
UK Responses and the First Phase
Authors: Macartney Huw 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter covers the early 2000s in the UK as a backdrop to the legitimacy crisis that unfolded as the global financial crisis hit. It explains the institutional set-up and the regulatory mindset that prevailed during the 2000s. This helps to explain what changed as financial crisis hit. Using opinion poll data the chapter then explores the fall in public confidence in both banks and state managers as a means of tracking the legitimacy crisis. Then the chapter explores the austerity agenda and rising protests in the UK, before explaining the nascent populist response by UK state managers at the early stage of the financial crisis.
UK Responses and the Second Phase
Authors: Macartney Huw 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the culture of banking debate that emerged following the LIBOR scandal in 2012 in the UK. It shows a range of the harder, institutional and regulatory measures and penalties that were introduced to remedy bank culture. The chapter then moves to discuss the softer, normative agenda that also focused on bank culture change. The chapter contends though, that in both cases state managers were as concerned about tackling the legitimacy crisis as they were about actually improving bank culture. The chapter also shows the glaring absence of a debate on the structural causes of banking culture.
Fines as a Mechanism for Culture Change?
Authors: Macartney Huw 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter begins with the claims made by state managers that financial penalties would function as an important mechanism for improving conduct and culture in the banks. The main argument of this chapter is that this claim is spurious. The chapter shows that fines bear only a vague relationship to the financial performance of the firms in question. It then explores issues such as the tax deductability of the fines, and the finer details of the penalties themselves to argue that the penalties were primarily part of the populist strategy used by state managers.
Conclusion
Authors: Macartney Huw 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This concluding chapter first reviews the main arguments of the book. It then examines what has happened in the political and financial spaces since the culture of banking debate became less of a priority in 2016. The chapter focuses on fintech, shadow banking, and high cost credit providers to show that the cultural problems associated with financialization continue to abound even outside of the banking sector. Finally, it turns to Brexit and Trump as evidence of the same anti-establishment sentiment that was tracked in the legitimacy crisis chapters. The book concludes with a word of warning that the legitimacy crisis has only been delayed.
Airy Forms
Authors: Larson Katherine R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter probes the lexical slipperiness of “song” in relation to the dynamic interplay between early modern lyric production and musical practice. It also activates the resonances at play within the equally elusive notion of “form” further to animate song as an embodied genre straddling the boundary between poetic and musical expression. Larson considers the implications these taxonomical reflections hold for an analysis of the anonymous settings of Mary Sidney Herbert’s translations of Psalms 51 and 130, preserved in the British Library. These pieces offer an opportunity to bring a musical approach to lyric form to bear on psalm translations that are typically studied and taught from a visual, rather than an acoustic, perspective. Reading the psalms in terms of sung performance transforms our understanding of Pembroke’s experimental translations and of women’s broader engagement with the genre in the early modern English context.
Voicing Lyric
Authors: Larson Katherine R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although not every lyric produced in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England was intended to be sung, unpacking the musical facets of lyric circulation holds tremendous implications for our understanding of the performance-based facets of early modern poetics. In confronting these questions, this chapter takes as its focus the literary–musical nexus of the Sidney circle and, in particular, the writings of Mary Wroth, an accomplished musician whose writings abound with musical lyrics and allusions to song performance. Focusing on the manuscript collection of Wroth’s poems now preserved at the Folger Shakespeare Library and on the songs scattered throughout Urania, this chapter considers how reading Wroth’s songs as songs—as metrical compositions written with a tune in mind, adapted for musical setting and performance, or simply meant to be imagined as sung—sheds new light on the affective impact of the musical moments in her writings.
How To Be Trustworthy
Authors: Hawley Katherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The book articulates and defends a core notion of trustworthiness as avoiding unfulfilled commitments. This is motivated via accounts of both trust and distrust in terms of perceived commitment. Avoiding unfufilled commitments is crucial both to practical trustworthiness, and to trustworthiness in speech; on this picture, assertion involves promising to speak truthfully, and simultaneously either keeping that promise or breaking it. Both assertion and the incurring of practical commitments are governed by competence norms, as well as norms of sincerity. So what should we do if we want to be trustworthy? Two perspectives are important: we need to act in line with our existing commitments, but in addition we need to approach potential new commitments with care. We can become untrustworthy by taking on too many—or over-challenging—commitments, no matter how well-meaning we are. Considered narrowly, trustworthiness typically directs us away from new commitments, but this creates significant costs both for ourselves and for those around us. Moreover, we cannot always avoid new commitments, and encounter uncertainty about how we become committed. We face obstacles to being trustworthy, and trustworthiness can direct us to act in ways which are ungenerous, or otherwise unlikeable. Moreover, those of us who live in challenging personal circumstances, whether through material impoverishment, poor health, social exclusion, or power imbalances, face greater obstacles to being trustworthy. This is compounded by the fact that such circumstances—and their impact on the pursuit of trustworthiness—are not always visible to other people.
Telling
Authors: Hawley Katherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter sets out an account of assertion—or telling—which is suitable for a unified account of trustworthiness in both speech and action, and which centrally involves commitment. On this picture, assertion involves simultaneously promising to speak truthfully on a given matter, and either keeping or breaking that promise. The promise is to utter the truth, not merely to be sincere or do one’s best to utter the truth. This account shows how assertion and promising are importantly similar, without implausibly identifying asserting that p with promising that p. The account is distinguished from the so-called ‘commitment account’ of assertion and also from the ‘assurance’ account of the epistemic significance of testimony, though it is compatible with such accounts. Finally, the chapter draws on chapter 2’s discussions of norms on promising, to explore possible norms of assertion; there is also discussion of the constitutive (or not) nature of such norms.
Trustworthiness
Authors: Hawley Katherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter explains the account of trustworthiness and untrustworthiness which fits the commitment account of trust and distrust. Trustworthiness is a matter of avoiding unfulfilled commitments, which requires both caution in incurring new commitments and diligence in fulfilling existing commitments. On this view, one can be trustworthy regardless of one’s motives for fulfilling one’s commitments. This is a negative account of trustworthiness, which means that one can be trustworthy whilst avoiding commitments as far as possible. In practice, through friendship, work and other social engagements we take on meta-commitments—commitments to incur future commitments. These can make it a matter of trustworthiness to take on certain new commitments. Untrustworthiness can arise from insincerity or bad intentions, but it can also arise from enthusiasm and becoming over-committed. A trustworthy person must not allow her commitments to outstrip her competence.
The Intentionality of Actions
Authors: Persson Ingmar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
According to the definition proposed by this chapter you intentionally perform the basic bodily action of causing p now if you now have an occurrent decisive desire to cause p directly—that is, without causing anything as a means to it—and this desire now causes something because you correctly and justifiably think that it is p. Since it has been claimed that conscious occurrences are not causally related, this account has to be modified to suit mental acts such as visualizing something. In this connection some rival theories of intentional action which refer to acts of will or volitions are critically examined. Finally, building on the definition of an intentional basic action, the notion of an intentional non-basic action is defined.
Refraining
Authors: Persson Ingmar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
You let it be the case that q by refraining from causing p just in case: (a) you correctly believe that if you cause p, q will not be the case, (b) you correctly believe that you have an all-in dual power concerning causing p, (c) you do not decisively desire to cause p because you do not find sufficient reasons for forming such a desire, and (d) q becomes the case because you do not cause p due to (c). Since refraining is intentional, it importantly follows from this that characterizing something as intentional does not involve causality. Moreover, when we can refrain from causing something, we must have the all-in dual power of causing it and avoiding to do so. Thus, the concept of refraining raises questions about free will and responsibility which are briefly discussed.
FinTech Disruption
Authors: Callaway Julianne 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Technological advances have enabled enhancements in the financial services industry such as improved digital sales opportunities, enhanced communication with consumers, expanded accessibility of services, and improved tools for financial planning. These advances are democratizing services once available only to wealthy, extending older peoples’ ability to live independently, and improving their quality of life. This chapter presents a series of case studies explaining how the life insurance industry can use technology and new data to streamline the life insurance underwriting process and improve trust and transparency between insurers and customers. It also discusses how new content can enable on-demand education and simplify end of life planning, as well as the difficulties people face when saving for the types of purchases that can lead to credit card debt and challenge retirement savings. We also touch on the potential for wearable technology to improve wellness and manage chronic diseases.
Debating Education
Authors: Brighouse Harry , Schmidtz David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Debating Education puts two leading scholars in conversation with each other on the subject of education—specifically, what role, if any, markets should play in policy reform. Each advances nuanced arguments and responds to the other, presenting contrasting views on education as a public good. One author argues on behalf of a market-driven approach, making the case that educational opportunities do not need to be equal in order to be good. The ideal of education is not equally preparing students to win a race but maximally preparing each student to make a contribution. The other focuses on inequality, particularly the unequal distribution of rewards. The argument is that justice requires prioritizing the prospects of the bottom 30 percent of the population, whose life prospects are much worse than justice would demand, given the current wealth of society. The moral imperative of education should be to improve this group’s range of opportunities. This part of the book expresses serious skepticism that market mechanisms are capable of this task, due to imperfections in educational markets, a lack of appropriate regulations, political influence, and other systemic obstacles.
Surface Energy and Capillary Pressure
Authors: Mate C. Mathew , Carpick Robert W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The energies associated with surfaces—surface energy, interfacial energy, surface tension, and work of adhesion—drive many surface and interfacial phenomena including tribological ones such as adhesion and friction. This chapter discusses the physical origins of surface energies for liquids and solids, and how the concepts of capillary pressure, capillary condensation, wetting, and work of adhesion are derived from surface energy. Further, this chapter covers the different methods for measuring surface energies, including the most common method for solid surfaces: contact angle measurements of liquid droplets on surfaces. This chapter also introduces how surface energies and surface tensions lead to adhesion and adhesion hysteresis between contacting surfaces, which is followed up in the subsequent chapters on surface forces.
Early detection for autism spectrum disorder in young children
Authors: Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Brian Jessica A , Ip Angie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a life-long neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairments in social communication, repetitive, restricted patterns of behaviour, and unusual sensory sensitivities or interests. ASD significantly impacts the lives of children and their families. Currently, the estimated prevalence of ASD is 1 in 66 Canadians aged 5 to 17 years. General paediatricians, family physicians, and other health care professionals are, therefore, seeing more children with ASD in their practices. The timely diagnosis of ASD, and referral for intensive behavioural and educational interventions at the earliest age possible, may lead to better long-term outcomes by capitalizing on the brain’s neuroplasticity at younger ages. This statement provides clear, comprehensive, evidence-informed recommendations and tools to help community paediatricians and other primary care providers monitor for the earliest signs of ASD—an important step toward an accurate diagnosis and comprehensive needs assessment for intervention planning.
Le dépistage précoce du trouble du spectre de l’autisme chez les jeunes enfants
Authors: Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Brian Jessica A , Ip Angie 
Published: October 2019

RésuméLe trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) est un trouble neurodéveloppemental permanent qui se caractérise par des déficits de la communication sociale, un mode répétitif et restreint des comportements et des sensibilités ou des intérêts sensoriels inhabituels. Le TSA a des répercussions importantes sur la vie des enfants et de leur famille. À l’heure actuelle, sa prévalence estimative est de un cas sur 66 enfants et adolescents canadiens dans le groupe d’âge des cinq à 17 ans. Les pédiatres généraux, les médecins de famille et les autres professionnels de la santé rencontrent donc plus d’enfants ayant un TSA qu’auparavant dans leur pratique. Le diagnostic rapide de ce trouble et l’orientation des cas vers des interventions comportementales et éducationnelles intensives dès le plus jeune âge peuvent favoriser un meilleur pronostic clinique à long terme grâce à la neuroplasticité du cerveau à un plus jeune âge. Le présent docu-ment de principes contient des recommandations et des outils clairs, détaillés et fondés sur des données probantes pour aider les pédiatres communautaires et les autres dispensateurs de soins de première ligne à surveiller les tout premiers signes de TSA, ce qui constitue une étape importante vers un diagnostic précis et une évaluation détaillée des besoins pour planifier les interventions.
Strength Exercise Has Different Effects on Pressure Pain Thresholds in Women with Endometriosis-Related Symptoms and Healthy Controls: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Poli-Neto Omero Benedicto , Oliveira Arthur Marques Zecchin , Salata Mariana Cecchi , Cesar Rosa-e-Silva Julio , Machado Dalmo Roberto Lopes , Candido-dos-Reis Francisco Jose , Nogueira Antonio Alberto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the influence of strength exercises on remote pain sensitivity in women with endometriosis-related symptoms.

Design
A quasi-experimental study.

Setting
University Hospital, a tertiary health unit.

Subjects
Twenty-one women with endometriosis-related symptoms and 21 healthy women provided written informed consent.

Methods
The participants performed weekly exercise sessions on an extensor chair for four consecutive weeks. An electronic algometer was used to measure the pressure pain thresholds on the nondominant forearm. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured using a digital device. All measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 10 and 20 minutes after the exercise series.

Results
Women with endometriosis-related symptoms had lower pain thresholds. Pressure pain thresholds increased immediately after exercise in healthy women, returning to baseline level 20 minutes after exercise. Women with endometriosis-related symptoms did not present significant pressure pain threshold alterations after exercise. However, they had a higher heart rate and systolic, diastolic, and average blood pressure than healthy women at all the timepoints. There were no consistent correlations between pressure pain thresholds and heart rate or blood pressure.

Conclusions
The strength exercise regimen used in this study increased pain thresholds in healthy women but not in women with endometriosis-related painful symptoms. The maintenance or even worsening of pain perception after exercise in women with persistent pain, such as those with endometriosis, may limit their adherence to a physical training program, which in turn could prevent them from experiencing the long-term beneficial effects of exercise.
Bridging the Gap? Police Volunteering and Community Policing in Scotland
Authors: Dickson Graeme 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article examines how far special constables can act as the ‘bridge’ between police services and local communities, within the context of Scottish policing. I consider the literature around the core concepts of community policing, the condition of community policing Scotland, and the role that volunteer police officers can play in enhancing local policing. Then, I draw upon the findings from qualitative interviews and observations of special constables in one division of Police Scotland, to explore the nature of the special constabulary as a potential resource in community and local policing. Finally, I consider these findings in relation to the ongoing discussions of special constables’ contribution to community policing, and how policing organizations might seek to enhance that contribution. This article, I believe, provides a unique contribution to the currently small but emerging field of research within police volunteerism, and brings the perspective of Scottish special constables to these discussions which have been primarily Anglo-centric.