bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Method for Determination of Microgram Amounts of Aluminum in Deodorants and Antiperspirants by Fluorometry
Authors: Hozdic Charles 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A procedure has been developed for the determination of micro amounts of aluminum (5–100 μg) in solution or in samples that can be decomposed to provide aqueous solutions of aluminum salts. In this method, aluminum is measured by the fluorescence of the aluminum salt of 8-hydroxyquinoline formed in the breakdown of the complex aluminum chlorhydroxide contained in deodorants and antiperspirants. Samples were analyzed by the proposed method and also by the gravimetric method by precipitating and determining the aluminum as the oxide in the commercial sample. One synthetic sample containing aluminum chlorhydroxide was determined as the phosphate. A known amount of aluminum was added to two other samples before fluorometric analysis was performed. This fluorometric method is faster and just as accurate as the gravimetric method.
Automation of the AOAC Photometric Phosphomolybdovanadate Method for Direct Available P2O5
Authors: Gehrke Charles W , Baumgartner James H , Ussary James P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An automatic photometric method utilizing the Technicon AutoAnalyzer has been developed to determine phosphorus in all forms of fertilizer phosphorus in the range of 2.0–4.5 mg P2O5/100 ml at a sampling rate of 40 analyses/hr. Multiple analyses of KH2PO4, 9 Magruder check samples, and numerous commercial fertilizers were made and compared with results obtained by the official quinolinium phosphomolybdate method, 2.025(b). Average range for five independent determinations was 0.22% P2O5 for the automated method and 0.26% P2O5 for the gravimetric method; average relative standard deviations were 0.44 and 0.60%, respectively. The average recovery of P2O5 from KH2PO4 was 99.8% with the photometric method and 100.3% with the quinolinium method. Results on 69 commercial fertilizers containing 5–54% P2O5 by the automatic method were only 0.02%% lower than those by the gravimetric quinolinium method. Results show that the automated phosphomolybdovanadate method for direct available phosphorus in fertilizers is accurate, precise, and less time consuming for routine control and industrial laboratories.
A Modified Babcock Procedure for Rapid Determination of Fat in Meats Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Whalen Francis 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid method of determining fat in a wide variety of meat products has been developed. The meat is digested with hot HO and the products of the hydrolysis are dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide; neutral triglycerides are insoluble in this solvent. The solubility of starches, sugars, and the usual curing inorganics in dimethyl sulfoxide and its miscibility with water prevent interference by these substances. Digestions are rapid, and phase separation and demarcation are excellent. One analysis (exclusive of sample preparation time) takes approximately 10 minutes. Only two reagents must be purchased, and no special equipment other than the usual Babcock apparatus is needed. Results by the sulfoxide procedure approximate results by the Mojonnier method. Its speed and simplicity should make it valuable for process monitoring and formulation adjustment in the manufacture of meat products.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Piperazine as Diacetylpiperazine in Animal Feed
Authors: Fricke Fred L , Walters Stephen M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas-liquid chromatographic method is presented for the analysis of piperazine in feeds. The feed, containing levels of either 0.11 or 0.25% piperazine, is extracted with water, acetylated, and gas chromatographed, using phenothiazine as an internal standard. Recoveries of piperazine base added to a blank feed ranged from 97.6 to 100.2% with a mean of 99.1%. Results on two commercial feeds compared favorably with the quinone colorimetric method. The procedure is specific, accurate, and not subject to the interferences which cause difficulties in other methods.
Extraction and Estimation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Vegetable Oils
Authors: Howard John W , Turicchi Elizabeth W , White Richard H , Fazio Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for isolatingand determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in refined vegetable oils. The oils are diluted with an aliphatic solvent and the polycyclic compounds are extracted with dimethyl sulfoxide. They are isolated by column and thin layer chromatographic techniques and measured by ultraviolet and spectrofluorometric procedures. Average recoveries of benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)- anthracene, benz(a)anthracene, and benzo-(g,h,i)perylene, added to 200 g oil samples at the 2 ppb level, ranged from 71 to 100%. Benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic hydrocarbons were isolated in trace quantities from soybean, cottonseed, corn, olive, and peanut oils.
Investigation of Thermionic Detector Response for the Gas Chromatography of P, N, As, and CI Organic Compounds
Authors: Ives N F , Giuffrida Laura 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Investigations were conducted to determine the degree of specificity and enhanced response of the thermionic detector, using alkali metal salts. The test compounds included the triphenyl derivatives of group V(a) elements. Because of special interest in nitrogen response, several types of nitrogen compounds were included. The effects of varying jet diameter, carrier gas, and other operating parameters were also studied.
Minerals in Feeds by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Heckman Mary 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Seventeen laboratories collaborated in the study of analysis of feeds for calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Six feeds and one mineral mixture were analyzed; both dry ashing and wet digestion were used to prepare samples. Three feeds were in the form of solutions to eliminate sample preparation as a variable. Strontium and lanthanum were added to the feed to eliminate phosphorus interference and results were compared. Results indicate that the method is suitable for calcium and magnesium. Further work is needed on the determination of zinc, manganese, iron, and copper.
Colorimetric Method for Nitrodan in Feeds
Authors: Bloom Donald V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A colorimetric method for nitrodan in feeds was studied on 3 feed samples at levels of 0.015-3.90% nitrodan by 7 collaborators. The samples were extracted with dimetliylformamide-ethanol (1 + 1) and measured at 575 m/i after the addition of dilute NaOH. Average recoveries on samples containing 0.0190, 0.0237, and 3.80% nitrodan were 100.3, 98.3, and 101.8%, respectively; coefficients of variation were 3.4, 4.1, and 2.9%. Blank samples gave negligible results. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action
Determination of Piperazine in Feeds
Authors: Loucks M F , Nauer Leo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Collaborative studies were continued on a modification of the p-benzoquinone colorimetric method proposed by Cavett and Heotis for determining piperazine in feeds. Piperazine is extracted from the feed with water and then reacted with a buffered, hot, alcoholic solution of p-benzoquinone to form a colored complex. Absorbance is measured spectrophotometrically at 490 mμ. Control of the several critical factors, including pH of the solution and time and temperature for the reaction, is necessary. Results indicate a standard deviation (&lt;r) of ± 0.012% and a 95% confidence limit ( 2 o-) of ± 0.024% with an average variation of ± 10%. The mean recovery was 97%. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official, first action
Simultaneous Determination of Volatile Acids and Sulfur
Dioxide in Alcoholic Beverages by Microdiffusion
Authors: Owades Joseph L , Dono Joseph M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new technique has been developed for determining both volatile acid and sulfur dioxide in beer, wines, and distilled liquors. The new method avoids the troublesome distillation common to other methods by use of microdiffusion in an especially modified diffusion cell. Small samples are reqviired and many replicates can be performed in one day. Results were in excellent agreement with the AOAC method for wine, and precision was very good
Evaluation of Gas-Liquid Chromatography for the Quantitative Determination of Fusel Oil in Distilled Spirits
Authors: Brunelle Richard L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) was compared to the official AOAC method for the quantitative determination of fusel oil in distilled spirits on 12 samples by 12 collaborators. Results indicated that the GLC procedure described is at least as accurate as the official procedure. Analyses of 26 distilled spirits samples showed that the GLC method was sensitive and capable of reproducing fusel oil content in the 0—10 g/100 L range to ± 0.03 g/100 L. It is recommended that collaborative studies be conducted on the GLC determination of fusel oil, and that work be extended to include analysis of other important congeners in distilled spirits such as ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde, and methanol.
Quantitative Determination of Fixed Acids in Wines by Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Trimethylsilylated Derivatives
Authors: Brunelle Richard L , Schoeneman Robert L , Martin Glenn E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid and simple method was developed for gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) separation of the trimethylsilylated (TMS) derivatives of the fixed acids present in wine. Acids were precipitated as lead salts to eliminate sugar interference. The TMS derivatives were completely separated on a 6' X 14" o.d. glass column of 3.8% SE-30 on Diatoport S (silanized support) and were measured by reacting the dried lead salts with trimethylchlorosilane and hexamethyldisilazanc in the presence of pyridine. This method permits the simultaneous determination in wine of several acids, such as succinic, malic, tartaric, and citric acids in ca 4 hours. Several other derivatives were observed in the chroniatograms but were not identified
Detoxification of Anatoxin in Peanut Meal by Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Sreenivasamurthy V , Parpia H A B , Srikanta S , Murti A Shankar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new approach to destroy aflatoxin in toxic peanut meal has been described. It involves heat treatment of the meal at 80°C for ½ hour with hydrogen peroxide at a pH of 9.5. The destruction of aflatoxin is confirmed by biological tests, using ducklings and duck embryos.
1966 Collaborative Study on the Determination of Iron in
Fertilizer by Dichromate Titration
Authors: Ingram William J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Iron can be determined by direct dichromate titration or otber metbods after perchloric oxidation. Perchloric oxidation does not destroy all organic material and gives acceptable results. High values of P205, K20, and NH4N03 do not interfere. Average collaborative values for iron by dichromate titration are: 12% iron, found 12.08%; 2.65% organic fertilizer, found 2.58%; 2.50% iron (with 30% P2O5 ), found 2.49%; 1.0% iron (57.5% NH4- NO3), found 1.06%; 0.18% iron, found 0.19%. It is recommended that the dichromate titration method be adopted as official, first action, and that furtber study be made on methods of sample preparation
Analytical Methodology of Oxytetracycline in Feed
Authors: Billman D C , Clark II 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate modifications of the AOAC method for determining oxytetracycline (OTC) in feed and 4 methods of preparing compensating curves for this modified method. The modifications involved use of a 20 g sample, extraction in extraction flask, and filtration of the assay solution. Compensating curves were prepared from blank feed extracts and extracts of test blends in which OTC was inactivated by either boiling in sodium hypochlorite, passing through adsorption columns, or refluxing 18 hours. At levels of 25 g OTC/ton and higher, the modified AOAC method gave 100% recovery with a coefficient of variation of 8.1%. At 10 g/ton, 92% was recovered with a coefficient of variation of 11.0%. Compensating curves showed 58—91% recovery at 10 g OTC/ton with an average coefficient of variation of 21.8%. The method will be submitted to collaborative study.
A Comparative Study of Methods for the Determination of
Moisture in Cheese
Authors: Strange Theron E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Eleven types of cheese were analyzed for moisture by the official AOAC method and by a method proposed by the International Dairy Federation (IDF). Some cheeses were also analyzed by the AOAC rapid screening method and by a proposed distillation method. The IDF method requires mixing 3 g cheese with about 20 g dried and weighed sand, then drying at 105°C for 4 hours. In the proposed distillation method, moisture is distilled from cheese (9—15 g) with xylene and n-amyl alcohol (2 + 1) into a Bidwell-Sterling type of receiver. Comparative results show that the official method is not applicable to cheeses with a relatively high content of volatile compounds, such as Bleu cheese; that the AOAC rapid method and the distillation method give results in about 12 hours that agree well with the official method for other types of cheese; and that the IDF method gives results about 0.2 % lower than those by the official method (actual difference). Preliminary studies on the Karl Fischer titration procedure and a gas-liquid chromatography procedure indicate that these procedures may be suitable as basic reference methods
Additional Cleanup of Samples on GLC Column for
TLC Determination of Pesticide Residues
Authors: Hartman Kenneth T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) following conventional isolation procedures has been used to clean up pesticide residues for confirmation by thin layer chromatography (TLC). This procedure is more rapid and efficient than present cleanup procedures and permits the determination of pesticide residues that do not survive these rigorous acid or alkali treatments. The method also permits TLC confirmation of pesticide residues that have similar Rf values but different GLC retention times. Recoveries ranged from 85 to 105% for 25 of 28 pesticides tested
Spectrophotometric Determination of Strychnine in Brucine Sulfate (or the Alkaloid)
Authors: Rehn Burton W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the quantitative determination of strychnine in brucine or brucine sulfate. In the method, brucine is nitrated and strychnine is extracted with chloroform (as in National Formulary IX). The chloroform is then evaporated and strychnine is determined spectrophotometrically by dissolving the residue in O.1 N H2SO4 and measuring absorbances at 254 and 275.5 mμ. The difference between these absorbances, compared with similar differences at these wavelengths for standard strychnine solutions, is a measure of the strychnine content. Eleven tests over a range from 1 to 12.5% strychnine in brucine gave results with a standard deviation of less than 0.03%
Collaborative Study of a Fluorometric and Thin Layer Chromatographic Determination of Aminacrine and Its Salts in Drug Preparations
Authors: Roberts Laura A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Eight collaborators studied a fluoromelric and thin layer chromatographic method for aminacrine and its salts in powder and cream drug preparations. Recovery of aminacrine.HCI by fluorometer in both preparations averaged 100% for powder and 102% for cream. The mean concentration of aminacrine.HCI found in the powder was 0.108% with a standard deviation of ± 0.001%. The mean concentration of aminacrine found in the cream was 0.191% with a standard deviation of ± 0.003%. Seven of the 8 collaborators successfully used thin layer chromatography to identify the aminacrine in both sample forms supplied. The assay method for aminacrine and its salts in drug preparations is recommended for adoption as official, first action
An Improved Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Xanthophyll
Authors: Kohler G O , Knowles R E , Livingston A L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A modified procedure is described for the determination of carotene and xanthophyll in fresh and dehydrated alfalfa and grass meal. In this method, both carotene and total xanthophyll can be measured from a single extract. The carotenoids in dehydrated alfalfa or grass meal are extracted by overnight soaking in hexane-acetone (7:3) ; those in the fresh plant material are rapidly extracted by blending with acetone. A cold saponification method eliminates possible chlorophyll contamination of the xanthophyll fraction during chromatography. Data on the precision of the modified methods are presented
Detection and Identification of Salmonella from Dried Whole Egg, Dried Egg Yolk, and Dried Egg White: Report of a Collaborative Study
Authors: Poelma Paul L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this method 25 g of sample is preenriched in lactose broth, incubated, subcultured in selenite cystine broth and tetrathionate broth, incubated, and streaked on selective plates of brillant green agar, Salmonella Shigella agar, and bismuth sulfite agar. After incubation of the selective plates, suspicious colonies are transferred to triple sugar iron agar slants and incubated. Cultures arc identified as Salmonella or not Salmonella by biochemical and serological tests. Eleven of the 13 collaborators reported correct results. Evaluation of the results indicates that the method does detect and identify Salmonella from positive samples with a level of about 35 Salmonella cells/25 g of sample. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Separation of Manganese, Cobalt, Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium By Using an Anion Exchange Resin
Authors: Breatjlt Eugene A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The metals Mn, Mg, Co, Cu, and Zn were separated by using an anion exchange resin column and progressively less concentrated IIC1 solution as eluting agent. The position of Mg on an anion exchange resin, not previously reported in the literature, was determined. It has been shown that by using two different ion exchange resin columns, simple hydrochloric acid solutions as eluants, and polarographic or flame photometric determinations, 12 metals can be separately estimated in an aqueous solution containing about 100 /μg of each. It is recommended that the study of ion exchange resin separation of metals found in plants be continued.
Flame Photometric Determination Of Calcium In Food, Using A Reversed Oxyacetylene Flame, A Radiation Buffer, And An Acid Mixture
Authors: Lehmann Joanna , Zook Elizabeth Gates 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A flame photometric method, utilizing a reversed oxyacetylene flame in conjunction with a Beckman Du spectrophotometer, equipped with a 1P28 photomultiplier tube and a Beckman acetylene burner, is described. using this simple equipment modification, a mixed radiation buffer, and HCI-H3PO4 mixture, interferences from Na, K, P, Mg, Fe, S, and Al over the concentration ranges usually found in relation to calcium content of foods were controlled. Recoveries of calcium added to foods prior to ashing averaged 100 ± 1.38%. No significant differences in calcium values were found for four fruits, two vegetables, and two food composites whether determined by this flame procedure or by the official AOAC micropermanganate titration procedure.
Determination of Carotene in Fresh Forages and Silages Following Freeze-Drying and Grinding
Authors: Gillingham J T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The carotene content of fresh forages and silages has been analyzed by two methods: AOAC method 39.015(a) and the Bickoff et al. method modified to include freeze-drying and grinding of the sample and chromatographing only an aliquot after extraction. Data on orchardgrass, fescue, clover-grass mixtures, and silage samples indicated that the method described is accurate and reproducible. The average variation is ± 8μg/g and identical values in duplicate determinations are recorded in 16 out of 34 values.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Breakfast Cereals
Authors: Takahashi David M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The gas chromatographic method for BHA and BHT in rice and corn ready-to-eat cereals was revised to include CS2 elution of the antioxidants and gas-liquid chromatography, using a hydrogen flame ionization detection system for the determination. Different gas chromatographic columns were found to be more suitable: 5% Apiezon L on 80/100 mesh Gas Chrom Q (4' column), and 10% QF—1 silicone oil on 80/100 mesh Gas Chrom Q (6' column). The elution order of the antioxidants is reversed on the two columns. 3,5-Di-tertbutyl- 4-hydroxyanisole is used as the internal standard. Recoveries of the two antioxidants added at 5, 10, 25, and 50 ppm levels, were 96—106% with the QF-1 column and 96—104% with the Apiezon L column. Studies on this method will continue.
Screening Method for the Detection of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticide Residues in the Fat of Milk, Cheese, and Butter
Authors: Moubry R P , Myrdal G R , Jensen H P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A screening method has been developed for detecting chlorinated hydrocarbons in dairy products; a detergent extraction procedure is used for milk and a continuous extraction procedure is used for cheese. A fat-Florisil sample is added to a column of partially deactivated Florisil; the pesticide residues are eluted from the column with liexane: ether, while the fat is retained on the column. The residues are identified by electron capture GLC, using a mixed bed DC-200/QF-1 column.
Study of Modifications of the Mills Procedure for Chlorinated Pesticides in Dairy Products
Authors: Furman William B , Fehringer Norbert V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The effects of butterfat upon the partition coefficients of lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, and p,p'-DDT in the acetonitrile-petroleum ether solvent system are reported. The theoretical recoveries for these pesticides are presented and are compared with recoveries calculated for certain variations in the extraction method and with actual working recoveries. The distribution of these pesticides in the acetonitrile-water-petroleum ether solvent system and the effect of NaCl are discussed. Several revisions of the method are proposed to increase the recovery of chlorinated pesticides from dairy products.
Determination of Linuron and Its Known and/or Suspected Metabolites in Crop Materials
Authors: Katz Stanley E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Linuron and its known and/or suspected metabolites are extracted from crops with acetone. The acetone is evaporated, and the aqueous residue containing precipitated plant materials and linuron and metabolites is extracted several times with hexane to remove linuron and any 3,4-dichloroaniline, a metabolite. The 3,4-dichloroaniline is separated from the linuron by HC1 extraction. Other possible metabolites, 3-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-l-methoxy urea, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- l-methyl urea, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) urea, remain in the aqueous phase which is made basic with ammonium hydroxide. These metabolites are extracted into hexane and identified by thin layer chromatography. Linuron and metabolites other than 3,4-dichloroaniline can be determined colorimetrically after acid hydrolysis to the aniline, followed by a diazotization reaction and coupling with iV-(l-naphthyl) ethylenediamine. Levels as low as 0.02 ppm linuron can be detected. Recoveries of 98.9% were found. Bound linuron can be determined by alkaline hydrolysis or by enzymatic digestion of crop material which frees the undegraded bound linuron