bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of photoionized plasmas in the laboratory: Analogues to astrophysical sources
Authors: White S. , Irwin R. , Warwick R. , Sarri G. , Gribakin G. F. , Keenan F. P. , Hill E. , Rose S. J. , Ferland G. J. , Wang F. , Zhao G. , Han B. , Riley D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImplementation of a novel experimental approach using a bright source of narrowband x-ray emission has enabled the production of a photoionized argon plasma of relevance to astrophysical modelling codes such as Cloudy. We present results showing that the photoionization parameter ζ = 4πF/ne generated using the VULCAN laser was ≈ 50 erg cm s−1, higher than those obtained previously with more powerful facilities. Comparison of our argon emission-line spectra in the 4.15 - 4.25 Å range at varying initial gas pressures with predictions from the Cloudy code and a simple time-dependent code are also presented. Finally we briefly discuss how this proof-of-principle experiment may be scaled to larger facilities such as ORION to produce the closest laboratory analogue to a photoionized plasma.
Aliphatic hydrocarbon content of interstellar dust
Authors: Schmidt T. W. , Günay B. , Burton M. G. , Rawal A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe mid-IR spectrum of the interstellar medium contains both aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon features. These are generally attributed to carbonaceous dust. The aliphatic component is of particular interest because it produces a significant 3.4 μm absorption feature. The optical depth of this feature is related to the number and type of aliphatic carbon C–H bonds in the line of sight. It is possible to estimate the column density of aliphatic carbon from quantitative analysis of the 3.4 μm interstellar feature, providing that the absorption coefficient of interstellar aliphatic hydrocarbon is known. We produced interstellar dust analogues with spectra closely matching astronomical observations. Using a combination of FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, we determined an integrated absorption coefficient of the aliphatic component. The results thus obtained permit direct calibration of astronomical observations, providing rigorous estimates of the amount of aliphatic carbon in the ISM.
Client-led culturally responsive CBT – integrating familism in the treatment of chronic depression: a case study
Authors: Skilbeck Lilian , Spanton Christopher , Roylance Ian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Britain has increasingly become a multi-cultural society. In order to improve access to primary care psychological therapy including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), there has been an increase in focus on cultural adaptation and cultural responsiveness. To date, these adaptations have focused on domains such as language, beliefs and values. In this case, familism was the focus for adaptation. The client was a 22-year-old female from a black African-British background. She presented with severe symptoms of chronic depression as measured on routine standard questionnaires and the interview. She had minimal success from previous interventions and was struggling to make progress. Therapy was guided by the client’s views on what issues had a bearing on her difficulties. The client hypothesised that familism factors with themes around ‘my parents’ culture’ and ‘family comes first’ were interacting with her cognitive behavioural factors to maintain her problem. She requested the involvement of her family in her treatment plan. In line with the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies–Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic service user Positive Practice Guide, this was integrated as part of her formulation. Upon involvement of her father in a single session, the client attained reliable improvement. She attributed her improvement to this involvement. By the end of therapy, she reached recovery, which was maintained at 3-month follow-up. This study was responsive to the client’s own perceived cultural needs through the integration of familism into her CBT formulation. It illustrates a client-led cultural adaptation of CBT to treat chronic depression.

Key learning aims
It is hoped that the reader will increase their understanding of the following from reading this case study:

(1)
Creating an environment where clients can freely discuss their perceived cultural factors from the outset.

(2)
Client-led cultural responsiveness to their expressed cultural needs.

(3)
Familism as a domain for adapting CBT.
Hydration of a Mantle Shear Zone Beyond Serpentine Stability: A Possible Link to Microseismicity Along Ultraslow Spreading Ridges?
Authors: Vieira Duarte J. F. , Kaczmarek M.‐A. , Vonlanthen P. , Putlitz B. , Müntener O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHydration of the oceanic mantle is a fundamental process of the global water cycle promoting chemical and volumetric changes and facilitating mantle exhumation along detachment faults. At which depth these processes occur and how fluids circulate along ductile mantle shear zones are, however, less well constrained. Here we present field, chemical, and microstructural evidence of hydration processes of peridotite mylonites within an upper mantle shear zone from an Alpine ophiolite (Lanzo massif, Italy). Mylonitic and ultramylonitic areas of the anastomosing shear zone are enriched in Cl‐bearing amphibole. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data indicate the activation of the (100)[001] amphibole slip system arguing for synkinematic growth and deformation at temperatures consistent with Mg‐hornblende stability between 800°C and 850°C. High Cl contents in amphibole (0.15–0.61 wt%) as well as oxygen isotope data (δ18Owhole‐rock between 4.4‰ and 4.7‰) indicate accumulation and focusing of seawater‐derived fluid in mylonitic and ultramylonitic domains. Such hydration processes are consistent with strain partitioning between water‐poor (less deformed) and water‐rich (intensely deformed) layers, consistent with changes in olivine and pyroxene crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs). Our results support recent geophysical data from ultraslow spreading mid‐ocean ridge systems that fluids might penetrate beyond the stability of serpentine to depth between 6 and 15 km. Such peridotite shear zones act as fluid pathways for long‐lived detachment faults or oceanic transform faults, along which upper mantle rocks are exhumed to the seafloor. Fracturing and fluid flow along such peridotite shear zones might be recorded by deep microseismicity along ultraslow spreading ridges.
Influence of Seasonal River Discharge on Tidal Propagation in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna Delta, Bangladesh
Authors: Elahi M. W. E. , Jalón‐Rojas I. , Wang X. H. , Ritchie E. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSignificant research efforts have been devoted to understanding river‐tide interactions in estuaries. However, studies on the impact of monsoon‐driven fluctuations of river discharge are limited. Here, the role of varying river discharge on the tidal propagation and tidal limit along the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna Delta (GBMD), a macrotidal estuary subject to seasonal and annual river discharge variations, is investigated. The Delft3D hydrodynamic model is validated and applied to an average flood year condition and nine idealized scenarios covering the typical hydrological conditions. Results reveal that the upper limit of the tidal propagation shifts 75 km upstream during the dry season. The residual water level slope and tidal damping rate increase with river discharge beyond 100 km from the estuary mouth. The balance between the generation and dissipation of quarterdiurnal tides shifts spatially as a result of changes in channel convergence and friction and temporally as a function of river discharge, which controls the total friction in the upper tidal river. The balance between tidal dissipation and generation depends on the residual velocity generated by river discharge and the velocity of the principal tides. The maximal generation of quarterdiurnal tides in the upper GBMD depends on the friction generated from the river‐tide interaction. Critical river discharge thresholds produce an optimal condition of dissipation of semidiurnal tides and generation of quarterdiurnal tides through friction at the upper and middle estuary. River discharge above the critical river discharge amount more rapidly dissipates both semidiurnal and quarterdiurnal tides than generates quarterdiurnal tides from nonlinear interactions.
Serpentine alteration as source of high dissolved silicon and elevated δ30Si values to the marine Si cycle
Authors: Geilert Sonja , Grasse Patricia , Wallmann Klaus , Liebetrau Volker , Menzies Catriona D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSerpentine alteration is recognized as an important process for element cycling, however, related silicon fluxes are unknown. Pore fluids from serpentinite seamounts sampled in the Mariana forearc region during IODP Expedition 366 were investigated for their Si, B, and Sr isotope signatures (δ30Si, δ11B, and 87Sr/86Sr, respectively) to study serpentinization in the mantle wedge and shallow serpentine alteration to authigenic clays by seawater. While serpentinization in the mantle wedge caused no significant Si isotope fractionation, implying closed system conditions, serpentine alteration by seawater led to the formation of authigenic phyllosilicates, causing the highest natural fluid δ30Si values measured to date (up to +5.2 ± 0.2‰). Here we show that seafloor alteration of serpentinites is a source of Si to the ocean with extremely high fluid δ30Si values, which can explain anomalies in the marine Si budget like in the Cascadia Basin and which has to be considered in future investigations of the global marine Si cycle.
NOTCH1 gene amplification promotes expansion of Cancer Associated Fibroblast populations in human skin
Authors: Katarkar Atul , Bottoni Giulia , Clocchiatti Andrea , Goruppi Sandro , Bordignon Pino , Lazzaroni Francesca , Gregnanin Ilaria , Ostano Paola , Neel Victor , Dotto G. Paolo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumor microenvironment. Genomic alterations in these cells remain a point of contention. We report that CAFs from skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) display chromosomal alterations, with heterogeneous NOTCH1 gene amplification and overexpression that also occur, to a lesser extent, in dermal fibroblasts of apparently unaffected skin. The fraction of the latter cells harboring NOTCH1 amplification is expanded by chronic UVA exposure, to which CAFs are resistant. The advantage conferred by NOTCH1 amplification and overexpression can be explained by NOTCH1 ability to block the DNA damage response (DDR) and ensuing growth arrest through suppression of ATM-FOXO3a association and downstream signaling cascade. In an orthotopic model of skin SCC, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NOTCH1 activity suppresses cancer/stromal cells expansion. Here we show that NOTCH1 gene amplification and increased expression in CAFs are an attractive target for stroma-focused anti-cancer intervention.
Initial effective stress controls the nature of earthquakes
Authors: Passelègue François X. , Almakari Michelle , Dublanchet Pierre , Barras Fabian , Fortin Jérôme , Violay Marie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModern geophysics highlights that the slip behaviour response of faults is variable in space and time and can result in slow or fast ruptures. However, the origin of this variation of the rupture velocity in nature as well as the physics behind it is still debated. Here, we first highlight how the different types of fault slip observed in nature appear to stem from the same physical mechanism. Second, we reproduce at the scale of the laboratory the complete spectrum of rupture velocities observed in nature. Our results show that the rupture velocity can range from a few millimetres to kilometres per second, depending on the available energy at the onset of slip, in agreement with theoretical predictions. This combined set of observations bring a new explanation of the dominance of slow rupture fronts in the shallow part of the crust or in areas suspected to present large fluid pressure.
Biological role of EPS from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae UMAF0158 extracellular matrix, focusing on a Psl-like polysaccharide
Authors: Heredia-Ponce Zaira , Gutiérrez-Barranquero Jose Antonio , Purtschert-Montenegro Gabriela , Eberl Leo , Cazorla Francisco M. , de Vicente Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPseudomonas syringae is a phytopathogenic model bacterium that is used worldwide to study plant–bacteria interactions and biofilm formation in association with a plant host. Within this species, the syringae pathovar is the most studied due to its wide host range, affecting both, woody and herbaceous plants. In particular, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) has been previously described as the causal agent of bacterial apical necrosis on mango trees. Pss exhibits major epiphytic traits and virulence factors that improve its epiphytic survival and pathogenicity in mango trees. The cellulose exopolysaccharide has been described as a key component in the development of the biofilm lifestyle of the P. syringae pv. syringae UMAF0158 strain (PssUMAF0158). PssUMAF0158 contains two additional genomic regions that putatively encode for exopolysaccharides such as alginate and a Psl-like polysaccharide. To date, the Psl polysaccharide has only been studied in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in which it plays an important role during biofilm development. However, its function in plant-associated bacteria is still unknown. To understand how these exopolysaccharides contribute to the biofilm matrix of PssUMAF0158, knockout mutants of genes encoding these putative exopolysaccharides were constructed. Flow-cell chamber experiments revealed that cellulose and the Psl-like polysaccharide constitute a basic scaffold for biofilm architecture in this bacterium. Curiously, the Psl-like polysaccharide of PssUMAF0158 plays a role in virulence similar to what has been described for cellulose. Finally, the impaired swarming motility of the Psl-like exopolysaccharide mutant suggests that this exopolysaccharide may play a role in the motility of PssUMAF0158 over the mango plant surface.
Optimising T cell (re)boosting strategies for adenoviral and modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine regimens in humans
Authors: Capone Stefania , Brown Anthony , Hartnell Felicity , Sorbo Mariarosaria Del , Traboni Cinzia , Vassilev Ventzislav , Colloca Stefano , Nicosia Alfredo , Cortese Riccardo , Folgori Antonella , Klenerman Paul , Barnes Eleanor , Swadling Leo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSimian adenoviral and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viral vectors used in heterologous prime-boost strategies are potent inducers of T cells against encoded antigens and are in advanced testing as vaccine carriers for a wide range of infectious agents and cancers. It is unclear if these responses can be further enhanced or sustained with reboosting strategies. Furthermore, despite the challenges involved in MVA manufacture dose de-escalation has not been performed in humans. In this study, healthy volunteers received chimpanzee-derived adenovirus-3 and MVA vaccines encoding the non-structural region of hepatitis C virus (ChAd3-NSmut/MVA-NSmut) 8 weeks apart. Volunteers were then reboosted with a second round of ChAd3-NSmut/MVA-NSmut or MVA-NSmut vaccines 8 weeks or 1-year later. We also determined the capacity of reduced doses of MVA-NSmut to boost ChAd3-NSmut primed T cells. Reboosting was safe, with no enhanced reactogenicity. Reboosting after an 8-week interval led to minimal re-expansion of transgene-specific T cells. However, after a longer interval, T cell responses expanded efficiently and memory responses were enhanced. The 8-week interval regimen induced a higher percentage of terminally differentiated and effector memory T cells. Reboosting with MVA-NSmut alone was as effective as with ChAd3-NSmut/MVA-NSmut. A ten-fold lower dose of MVA (2 × 107pfu) induced high-magnitude, sustained, broad, and functional Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cell responses, equivalent to standard doses (2 × 108 pfu). Overall, we show that following Ad/MVA prime-boost vaccination reboosting is most effective after a prolonged interval and is productive with MVA alone. Importantly, we also show that a ten-fold lower dose of MVA is as potent in humans as the standard dose.
Bias-corrected climate projections for South Asia from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-6
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Bhatia Udit , Tiwari Amar Deep 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change is likely to pose enormous challenges for agriculture, water resources, infrastructure, and livelihood of millions of people living in South Asia. Here, we develop daily bias-corrected data of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures at 0.25°spatial resolution for South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka) and 18 river basins located in the Indian sub-continent. The bias-corrected dataset is developed using Empirical Quantile Mapping (EQM) for the historic (1951–2014) and projected (2015–2100) climate for the four scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, SSP585) using output from 13 General Circulation Models (GCMs) from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-6 (CMIP6). The bias-corrected dataset was evaluated against the observations for both mean and extremes of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures. Bias corrected projections from 13 CMIP6-GCMs project a warmer (3–5°C)and wetter (13–30%) climate in South Asia in the 21stcentury. The bias-corrected projections from CMIP6-GCMs can be used for climate change impact assessment in South Asia and hydrologic impact assessment in the sub-continental river basins.
Triple isotope variations of monthly tap water in China
Authors: Tian Chao , Wang Lixin , Jiao Wenzhe , Li Fadong , Tian Fuqiang , Zhao Sihan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTap water isotopic compositions could potentially record information on local climate and water management practices. A new water isotope tracer 17O-excess became available in recent years providing additional information of the various hydrological processes. Detailed data records of tap water 17O-excess have not been reported. In this report, monthly tap water samples (n = 652) were collected from December 2014 to November 2015 from 92 collection sites across China. The isotopic composition (δ2H, δ18O, and δ17O) of tap water was analyzed by a Triple Water Vapor Isotope Analyzer (T-WVIA) based on Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) technique and two second-order isotopic variables (d-excess and 17O-excess) were calculated. The geographic location information of the 92 collection sites including latitude, longitude, and elevation were also provided in this dataset. This report presents national-scale tap water isotope dataset at monthly time scale. Researchers and water resource managers who focus on the tap water issues could use them to probe the water source and water management strategies at large spatial scales.
Organic nanoparticle-doped microdroplets as dual-modality contrast agents for ultrasound microvascular flow and photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Xu Yu , Sun Guoyun , Middha Eshu , Liu Yu-Hang , Chan Kim Chuan , Liu Bin , Chen Chia-Hung , Thakor Nitish V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTumor blood vessels are chaotic and abundantly distributed, owing to their heterogeneity. Therefore, imaging techniques which reveal abnormalities of tumor vasculature play significant roles in both mechanistic and clinical diagnostic tumor studies. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging uses the intrinsic characteristics of hemoglobin, to acquire tumor hemodynamic information, while ultrasound (US) imaging provides information about tumoral vessel structures and blood flow. To improve the imaging contrast performance, hydrogel-based microdroplets were designed for both US blood flow and PA imaging in this study. The microdroplets served as carriers for PA contrast agent solution in the innermost part while oil and hydrogel formed the inner and outer layers of the droplets. In vitro experiments firstly demonstrated the dual modality contrast effects of the microdroplets on US flow determination and PA imaging. In vivo experiments were then carried out in both healthy nude mice and nude mice with subcutaneous tumor to validate the contrast effects and to monitor the duration of contrast effects in animals. Using the dual-modality microdroplets, we were able to obtain distinct edges of tumor and blood flow mapping of the tumor microvascular with improved sensitivity up to 11.09 dB for PA and 6.69 dB for US flow. Besides, the in vivo evaluation with microdroplets showed US flow enhancement for more than 60 min. Therefore, the microdroplets are able to provide the contrast effects for both US flow and PA in a relative long duration and have potential to be applied in the tumor related diagnoses and studies.
Prognostic value of FDG-PET radiomics with machine learning in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Toyama Yoshitaka , Hotta Masatoshi , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Takanami Kentaro , Minamimoto Ryogo , Takase Kei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatients with pancreatic cancer have a poor prognosis, therefore identifying particular tumor characteristics associated with prognosis is important. This study aims to investigate the utility of radiomics with machine learning using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in patients with pancreatic cancer. We enrolled 161 patients with pancreatic cancer underwent pretreatment FDG-PET/CT. The area of the primary tumor was semi-automatically contoured with a threshold of 40% of the maximum standardized uptake value, and 42 PET features were extracted. To identify relevant PET parameters for predicting 1-year survival, Gini index was measured using random forest (RF) classifier. Twenty-three patients were censored within 1 year of follow-up, and the remaining 138 patients were used for the analysis. Among the PET parameters, 10 features showed statistical significance for predicting overall survival. Multivariate analysis using Cox HR regression revealed gray-level zone length matrix (GLZLM) gray-level non-uniformity (GLNU) as the only PET parameter showing statistical significance. In RF model, GLZLM GLNU was the most relevant factor for predicting 1-year survival, followed by total lesion glycolysis (TLG). The combination of GLZLM GLNU and TLG stratified patients into three groups according to risk of poor prognosis. Radiomics with machine learning using FDG-PET in patients with pancreatic cancer provided useful prognostic information.
Exudation of organic acid anions by tropical grasses in response to low phosphorus availability
Authors: Almeida Danilo Silva , Delai Lucas Benes , Sawaya Alexandra Christine Helena Franklan , Rosolem Ciro Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt has been suggested that some tropical grasses can acquire phosphorus (P) from hematite and gypsite by exuding organic acid anions (OAs). However, it remains to be determined exactly which OAs could be involved in each case. The objective of this study was to verify the exudation OAs by ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis), palisade grass (U. brizantha), and Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) as a response to P deficiency. The grasses were grown in leachate columns with adequate and deficient P nutrient solutions. The concentration of OAs in the leacheate and root surface, as well as shoot and root dry matter, and P uptake were determined. Citrate, isocitrate, and malate concentration in leachates and root surfaces increased with P starvation, mainly for the Urochloa grasses. Oxalate exudation was similar for the grasses under adequate P supply, but was lower in Guinea grass under P starvation. Palisade grass showed a higher concentration of total OAs in the root surface than the other species due to a great production of oxalate and isocitrate. Palisade grass showed greater dry matter yields regardless of P deficiency, and Guinea grass always had the higher shoot:root ratio. Urochloa grasses have a higher capacity to cope with low P availability by exuding OAs along with a lower shoot:root ratio than Guinea grass.