bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing geophysical muon radiography using information theory
Authors: Benton C J , Mitchell C N , Coleman M , Paling S M , Lincoln D L , Thompson L , Clark S J , Gluyas J G 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY
Cosmic ray muons are highly penetrating, with some reaching several kilometres into solid rock. Consequently, muon detectors have been used to probe the interiors of large geological structures, by observing how the muon flux varies with direction of arrival. There is an increasing need to discriminate between materials differing only slightly in bulk density. A particularly demanding application is in monitoring underground reservoirs used for CO2 capture and storage, where bulk density changes of approximately 1 per cent are anticipated. Muon arrival is a random process, and it is the underlying expectation values, not the actual muon counts, which provide information on the physical parameters of the system. It is therefore necessary to distinguish between differences in muon counts due to real geological features, and those arising from random error. This is crucial in the low-contrast case, where the method can reach the information theoretic limit of what a data source can reveal, even in principle. To this end, methods to analyse information availability in low-contrast muon radiography have been developed, as have means to optimally interpret the available data, both for radiography and for tomography. This includes a method for calculating expectation values of muon flux for a given geological model directly, complementing existing Monte Carlo techniques. A case study, using a model of carbon capture is presented. It is shown that the new data analysis techniques have the potential to approximately double the effective sensitivity of the detectors.
Technological leadership (de)concentration: causes in information and communication technology equipment
Authors: Ozcan Yasin , Greenstein Shane 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using patent data from 1976 to 2010 as indicators of inventive activity, we determine the concentration level of where inventive ideas originate and then examine how and why those concentrations change over time. The analysis finds pervasive deconcentration in every area related to the Information and Communication Technology equipment market. We find that booms and busts play an important role in deconcentration trends. In comparison, new entry explains surprisingly little and merger and acquisition activity does not revert the trend.
Image-based, unsupervised estimation of fish size from commercial landings using deep learning
Authors: Álvarez-Ellacuría Amaya , Palmer Miquel , Catalán Ignacio A , Lisani Jose-Luis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The dynamics of fish length distribution is a key input for understanding the fish population dynamics and taking informed management decisions on exploited stocks. Nevertheless, in most fisheries, the length of landed fish is still made by hand. As a result, length estimation is precise at fish level, but due to the inherent high costs of manual sampling, the sample size tends to be small. Accordingly, the precision of population-level estimates is often suboptimal and prone to bias when properly stratified sampling programmes are not affordable. Recent applications of artificial intelligence to fisheries science are opening a promising opportunity for the massive sampling of fish catches. Here, we present the results obtained using a deep convolutional network (Mask R-CNN) for unsupervised (i.e. fully automatic) European hake length estimation from images of fish boxes automatically collected at the auction centre. The estimated mean of fish lengths at the box level is accurate; for average lengths ranging 20–40 cm, the root-mean-square deviation was 1.9 cm, and maximum deviation between the estimated and the measured mean body length was 4.0 cm. We discuss the challenges and opportunities that arise with the use of this technology to improve data acquisition in fisheries.
Case-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance with full susceptibility profiles
Authors: Ryu Sukhyun , Cowling Benjamin J , Wu Peng , Olesen Scott , Fraser Christophe , Sun Daphne S , Lipsitch Marc , Grad Yonatan H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is essential for clinical decision-making and for public health authorities to monitor patterns in resistance and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and control measures. Existing AMR surveillance is typically based on reports from hospital laboratories and public health laboratories, comprising reports of pathogen frequencies and resistance frequencies among each species detected. Here we propose an improved framework for AMR surveillance, in which the unit of surveillance is patients with specific conditions, rather than biological samples of a particular type. In this ‘case-based’ surveillance, denominators as well as numerators will be clearly defined with clinical relevance and more comparable at the local, national and international level. In locations with sufficient resources, individual-based data on patient characteristics and full antibiotic susceptibility profiles would provide high-quality evidence for monitoring resistant pathogens of clinical importance, clinical treatment of infections and public health responses to outbreaks of infections with resistant bacteria.
Prognostic impact of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy on clinically-apparent stage I primary mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a multi-institutional study with propensity score-weighted analysis
Authors: Yoshihara Masato , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Tamauchi Satoshi , Iyoshi Shohei , Yokoi Akira , Suzuki Shiro , Kawai Michiyasu , Nagasaka Tetsuro , Takahashi Kunihiko , Matsui Shigeyuki , Kikkawa Fumitaka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe exact impact of full-staging lymphadenectomy on patients with primary mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinoma confined to the ovary is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the prognostic impact of lymphadenectomy covering both pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes in patients with clinically-apparent stage I mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinoma, using data from multi-institutions under a central pathological review system and analyses with a propensity score-based method.MethodsWe conducted a regional multi-institutional retrospective study between 1986 and 2017. Among 4730 patients with malignant ovarian tumors, a total of 186 women with mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinoma were eligible. We evaluated differences in survival outcomes between patients with both pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and those with only pelvic lymphadenectomy and/or clinical lymph node evaluation. To analyze the therapeutic effects, the baseline imbalance between patients with both pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and others was adjusted with an inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score involving independent clinical variables.ResultsFifty-five patients received both pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. With PS-based adjustment, both pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy did not have additive effects regarding overall survival (P = 0.696) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.978). Multivariate analysis similarly showed no significant impact of both pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy on their prognosis.ConclusionsThe effect of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy is limited for clinically-apparent stage I primary mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinoma as long as full peritoneal and clinical lymph node evaluations are conducted. The results of this study should be used as the basis for additional studies, including prospective trials.
Phase 1 Study of Molibresib (GSK525762), a Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain Protein Inhibitor, in NUT Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors
Authors: Piha-Paul Sarina A , Hann Christine L , French Christopher A , Cousin Sophie , Braña Irene , Cassier Phillippe A , Moreno Victor , de Bono Johann S , Harward Sara Duckworth , Ferron-Brady Geraldine , Barbash Olena , Wyce Anastasia , Wu Yuehui , Horner Thierry , Annan Meg , Parr Nigel J , Prinjha Rabinder K , Carpenter Christopher L , Hilton John , Hong David S , Haas Naomi B , Markowski Mark C , Dhar Arindam , O’Dwyer Peter J , Shapiro Geoffrey I 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins are promising epigenetic anticancer drug targets. This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, recommended phase II dose, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor activity of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitor molibresib (GSK525762) in patients with nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma (NC) and other solid tumors.MethodsThis was a phase I and II, open-label, dose-escalation study. Molibresib was administered orally once daily. Single-patient dose escalation (from 2 mg/d) was conducted until the first instance of grade 2 or higher drug-related toxicity, followed by a 3 + 3 design. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained during weeks 1 and 3. Circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were measured as a pharmacodynamic biomarker.ResultsSixty-five patients received molibresib. During dose escalation, 11% experienced dose-limiting toxicities, including six instances of grade 4 thrombocytopenia, all with molibresib 60–100 mg. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events of any grade were thrombocytopenia (51%) and gastrointestinal events, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, and dysgeusia (22%–42%), anemia (22%), and fatigue (20%). Molibresib demonstrated an acceptable safety profile up to 100 mg; 80 mg once daily was selected as the recommended phase II dose. Following single and repeat dosing, molibresib showed rapid absorption and elimination (maximum plasma concentration: 2 hours; t1/2: 3–7 hours). Dose-dependent reductions in circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were observed. Among 19 patients with NC, four achieved either confirmed or unconfirmed partial response, eight had stable disease as best response, and four were progression-free for more than 6 months.ConclusionsOnce-daily molibresib was tolerated at doses demonstrating target engagement. Preliminary data indicate proof-of-concept in NC.
Supply to Deny: The Benefits of Nuclear Assistance for Nuclear Nonproliferation
Authors: Gibbons Rebecca Davis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent scholarship on nuclear proliferation finds that many forms of nuclear assistance increase the odds that recipient states pursue nuclear weapons programs. While these studies may help us understand select cases of proliferation, they overshadow the role of nuclear supply in bolstering global nonproliferation efforts. After the risks of nuclear assistance became well-known following India's nuclear explosion in 1974, most major suppliers conditioned their assistance on recipients joining nonproliferation agreements. Case studies of states’ decision-making regarding these agreements illustrate how the provision of nuclear technology has been an effective tool in persuading states to join such agreements, the most important of which is the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). By joining the NPT, states strengthen the global nonproliferation regime and increase the costs of any potential future decision to proliferate. The offer of nuclear assistance has done far more to bolster global nuclear nonproliferation efforts than recent research suggests.
Polarimetry of relativistic tidal disruption event Swift J2058+0516
Authors: Wiersema K , Higgins A B , Levan A J , Eyles R A J , Starling R L C , Tanvir N R , Cenko S B , van der Horst A J , Gompertz B P , Greiner J , Pasham D R 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
A small fraction of candidate tidal disruption events (TDEs) show evidence of powerful relativistic jets, which are particularly pronounced at radio wavelengths, and likely contribute non-thermal emission at a wide range of wavelengths. A non-thermal emission component can be diagnosed using linear polarimetry, even when the total received light is dominated by emission from an accretion disc or disc outflow. In this paper, we present Very Large Telescope (VLT) measurements of the linear polarization of the optical light of jetted TDE Swift J2058+0516. This is the second jetted TDE studied in this manner, after Swift J1644+57. We find evidence of non-zero optical linear polarization, $P_{V}\sim 8{{\, \rm per\, cent}}$, a level very similar to the near-infrared polarimetry of Swift J1644+57. These detections provide an independent test of the emission mechanisms of the multiwavelength emission of jetted TDEs.
Mapping the Galactic disc with the LAMOST and Gaia red clump sample: II. 3D asymmetrical kinematics of mono-age populations in the disc between 6–14  kpc
Authors: Wang H-F , López-Corredoira M , Huang Y , Carlin J L , Chen B-Q , Wang C , Chang J , Zhang H-W , Xiang M-S , Yuan H-B , Sun W-X , Li X-Y , Yang Y , Deng L-C 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We perform analysis of the 3D kinematics of Milky Way disc stars in mono-age populations. We focus on stars between Galactocentric distances of R = 6 and 14  kpc, selected from the combined LAMOST Data Release 4 (DR4) red clump giant stars and Gaia DR2 proper motion catalogue. We confirm the 3D asymmetrical motions of recent works and provide time tagging of the Galactic outer disc asymmetrical motions near the anticentre direction out to Galactocentric distances of 14 kpc. Radial Galactocentric motions reach values up to 10 km s−1, depending on the age of the population, and present a north–south asymmetry in the region corresponding to density and velocity substructures that were sensitive to the perturbations in the early 6  Gyr. After that time, the disc stars in this asymmetrical structure have become kinematically hotter, and are thus not sensitive to perturbations, and we find the structure is a relatively younger population. With quantitative analysis, we find stars both above and below the plane at R ≳ 9 kpc that exhibit bending mode motions of which the sensitive duration is around 8  Gyr. We speculate that the in-plane asymmetries might not be mainly caused by a fast rotating bar, intrinsically elliptical outer disc, secular expansion of the disc, or streams. Spiral arm dynamics, out-of-equilibrium models, minor mergers or others are important contributors. Vertical motions might be dominated by bending and breathing modes induced by complicated inner or external perturbers. It is likely that many of these mechanisms are coupled together.
Braginskii viscosity on an unstructured, moving mesh accelerated with super-time-stepping
Authors: Berlok Thomas , Pakmor Rüdiger , Pfrommer Christoph 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a method for efficiently modelling Braginskii viscosity on an unstructured, moving mesh. Braginskii viscosity, i.e. anisotropic transport of momentum with respect to the direction of the magnetic field, is thought to be of prime importance for studies of the weakly collisional plasma that comprises the intracluster medium (ICM) of galaxy clusters. Here, anisotropic transport of heat and momentum has been shown to have profound consequences for the stability properties of the ICM. Our new method for modelling Braginskii viscosity has been implemented in the moving mesh code arepo. We present a number of examples that serve to test the implementation and illustrate the modified dynamics found when including Braginskii viscosity in simulations. These include (but are not limited to) damping of fast magnetosonic waves, interruption of linearly polarized Alfvén waves by the firehose instability, and the inhibition of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability by Braginskii viscosity. An explicit update of Braginskii viscosity is associated with a severe time-step constraint that scales with (Δx)2, where Δx is the grid size. In our implementation, this restrictive time-step constraint is alleviated by employing second-order accurate Runge–Kutta–Legendre super-time-stepping. We envision including Braginskii viscosity in future large-scale simulations of Kelvin–Helmholtz unstable cold fronts in cluster mergers and AGN-generated bubbles in central cluster regions.
Exploring effects on magnifications due to line-of-sight galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields
Authors: Raney Catie A , Keeton Charles R , Brennan Sean 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Cluster lensing has become an important tool in the search for high-redshift galaxies through its ability to magnify sources. In order to determine the intrinsic properties of these galaxies, lensing mass models must be constructed to determine the magnification of the images. These models are traditionally 2D, focusing on the mass within the cluster and either ignoring or approximating any contribution from line-of-sight galaxies. In this paper, we present the first full set of 3D mass models of the six Hubble Frontier Fields and use them to test for systematic biases in magnifications due to using the traditional 2D approach. We find that omitting foreground or background galaxies causes image position offsets between 0.1 and 0.4 arcsec, a non-negligible fraction of the typical 0.3–0.7 arcsec residuals of current state-of-the-art models. We also find that median image magnifications can shift by up to 6 per cent, though it is dependent on the field. This can be alleviated in some cases by approximating the mass in the lensing plane, but a 5 per cent magnification bias still exists in other cases; image position offsets are also improved, but are still present at 0.10 arcsec.
Warm dark matter model with a few keV mass is bad for the too-big-to-fail problem
Authors: Kang Xi 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Theoretical studying of the very inner structure of faint satellite galaxy requires very high-resolution hydro-dynamical simulations with realistic model for star formation, which are beginning to emerge recently. In this work, we present an analytical description to model the inner kinematic of satellites in the Milky Way (MW). We use a Monte Carlo method to produce merger trees for MW mass halo and analytical models to produce stellar mass in the satellite galaxies. We consider two important processes which can significantly modify the inner mass distribution in satellite galaxy. The first is baryonic feedback which can induce a flat inner profile depending on the star formation efficiency in the galaxy. The second is the tidal stripping to reduce and re-distribute the mass inside satellite. We apply this model to MW satellite galaxies in both CDM and thermal relic WDM models. It is found that tidal heating must be effective to produce a relatively flat distribution of the satellite circular velocities, to agree with the data. The constraint on WDM mass depends on the host halo mass. For a MW halo with dark matter mass lower than $2\times 10^{12}\, \text{ M}_\odot$, a 2 keV WDM model can be safely excluded as the predicted satellite circular velocities are systematically lower than the data. For WDM with mass of 3.5 keV, it requires the MW halo mass to be larger than $1.5\times 10^{12}\, {\text{ M}}_{\odot }$.
A Correlation in the Waiting-time Distributions of Solar Flares
Authors: Hudson Hugh S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In a limited sample of isolated solar active regions, we find that the waiting times between flares may correlate well with flare magnitudes as determined by the GOES soft X-ray fluxes. A “build-up and release” scenario (BUR) for magnetic energy storage in the solar corona suggests the existence of such a relationship, relating the slowly varying subphotospheric energy sources to the sudden coronal energy releases of flares and CMEs. Substantial amounts of research effort had not previously found any obvious observational evidence for such a BUR process. This has posed a puzzle since coronal magnetic energy storage represents the consensus view of the basic flare mechanism. We have revisited the GOES soft X-ray flare statistics for any evidence of correlations, using two isolated active regions, and have found significant evidence for a “saturation” correlation. Rather than a “reset” form of this relaxation, in which the time before a flare correlates with its magnitude, the “saturation” relationship results in the time after the flare showing the correlation. The observed correlation competes with the “obscuration” effect of reduced GOES sensitivity following a strong event, by which weaker events can be under-reported systematically. This complicates the observed correlation, and we discuss several approaches to remedy this.
Short-Term Effect of Kinesiotaping on Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain and Disability: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lin Shanshan , Zhu Bo , Huang Guozhi , Wang Chuhuai , Zeng Qing , Zhang Shanshan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Low back pain (LBP) is a very common and disabling disorder in modern society. The intervention strategies for LBP include drug therapy, surgery, and physical interventions. Recently, kinesiotaping, as a simple and noninvasive treatment, has been used to treat chronic nonspecific LBP, but its effectiveness and true merit remains unclear.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to summarize the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of kinesiotaping (KT) for chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) and disability.

Data Sources
Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and EmBase were searched from inception to September 1, 2018.

Study Selection
Studies were included in the review if they met the following criteria: RCTs published in English; patients (&gt;18 years old) diagnosed with CNLBP (pain duration of &gt; 12 weeks), with or without leg pain; KT as a single treatment or as a part of other forms of physical therapy; outcomes measured included pain intensity and disability.

Data Extraction
Three independent investigators completed data extraction. Methodological quality was appraised using the Cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) guidelines were applied to assess the confidence of the effect estimates.

Data Synthesis
Eleven RCT studies involving 785 patients were retained for the meta-analysis.
Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. Compared with the control group， the pooled SMD of pain intensity was significantly reduced (SMD = −0.73; 95% CI = −1.12 to −0.35; GRADE: low) and disability was improved (SMD = −0.51; 95% CI = −0.85 to −0.17; GRADE: low) in the KT group. Subgroup analyses showed that, compared with the control, the I strip of KT significantly reduced pain (SMD = −0.48; GRADE: low) but not disability (SMD = −0.26; GRADE: low). Compared with sham/placebo tape, KT provided significant pain reduction (SMD = −0.84; GRADE: low) and disability improvement (SMD = −0.56; GRADE: low). Moreover, compared with the no-tape group, the KT group also showed pain reduction (SMD = −0.74; GRADE: low) and disability improvement (SMD = −0.65; GRADE: low).

Limitations
Limitations of the review included a lack of homogeneity, different methodologies and treatment duration of KT application, and relatively small sample sizes.

Conclusions
There is low-quality evidence that KT has a beneficial role in pain reduction and disability improvement for patients with CNLBP. More high-quality studies are required to confirm the effects of KT on CNLBP.