bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemically‐Linked Heterostructures of Palladium Nanosheets and 2H‐MoS2
Authors: Quirós‐Ovies Ramiro , Bastante Pablo , Hettler Simon , Vega‐Mayoral Víctor , Aina Sergio , Balos Vasileios , Pucher Thomas , Castellanos‐Gomez Andrés , Arenal Raul , Cabanillas‐Gonzalez Juan , Pérez Emilio M. , Santamaría Jesús , Sebastian Víctor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe burgeoning field of 2D heterostructures targets the combination of 2D materials with 3D, 1D, or 0D nanomaterials. Among the most popular 2D materials, the 2H polytype of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) features a well‐defined bandgap that becomes direct at the monolayer level, which can be exploited for photodetection. A notable limitation of 2H‐MoS2 is its curtailed absorbance beyond the visible range. Here, a covalently‐linked Pd nanosheet (PdNS)/functionalized MoS2 (f‐MoS2) heterostructure is introduced, leveraging PdNS infrared‐absorbing properties to surmount this constraint. A bifunctional molecule, featuring a maleimide for attachment to MoS2 and a phenyl bromide for connection to PdNS, enables the synthesis of the heterostructure. Comprehensive spectroscopic and microscopic characterization shed light on the structure of PdNS@f‐MoS2 and the electronic interaction between its components. Prototype devices show an enhancement in the width and intensity of the optoelectronic response of PdNS@f‐MoS2 in the infrared, up to 1700 nm. In comparison, a van der Waals heterostructure with the same components shows poorer photoresponse. The results prove that the covalent linkage of metal nanostructures to 2D materials is a promising approach to build mixed‐dimensional heterostructures.
What, When, Where, and How Many? A Systematic Review of Technical Measure Selection Guidance in Systems Engineering Literature
Authors: Eaton Casey E. , Campo Kelly X. , Longhurst August , Mesmer Bryan , Ferreira Susan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe decisions that direct system development are based on assessments of a system, referred to as technical measures. Systems engineers select the set of technical measures for each system, informed by previous systems, guidebooks, and systems engineering research. If guidance for selecting technical measures is contradictory or does not ensure that a satisfactory set is selected, then the selected set of technical measures may not facilitate directing a system development as desired. Within large‐scale complex engineered systems development, a technical measure set provides clear targets for a system and can be used to coordinate and integrate efforts by many individuals and teams. This systematic literature review of 89 academic and industry developed engineering literature sources examines over 2500 guidance statements for technical measure selection. Most guidance provides examples or abstract qualities that technical measures should exhibit. Such guidance can result in multiple sets of technical measures that each drive toward different designs. The guidance identifies origins for technical measure selection, such as from stakeholders, but lacks detail on how to elicit a set of technical measures from stakeholders. This research's systematic literature review audits the consistency, contradictions, and omissions in current guidance for selecting technical measures. From these findings, we seek to establish evidence‐based research needs in technical measure selection.
Kein Richtiges Leben im Falschen? Die Grenzen der Verkehrswende unter herrschenden Bedingungen
Authors: Knie Andreas 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungModerne Gesellschaften sind bewegungsintensiv, die wirtschaftlichen Verteilungsspielräume werden durch eine systematische Absenkung des Widerstandes des Raumes realisiert. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Verkehrsinfrastruktur für den Personen- und Güterverkehr. Während in den Sektoren Industrie, Landwirtschaft und private Haushalte eine Reduktion der Treibhausgase auch unter den herrschenden Bedingungen durch den Einsatz von technischen Innovationen möglich wurde, ist dies beim Verkehr – abgesehen von den Effekten der Corona-Pandemie – bislang nicht gelungen. Die Sozialwissenschaften haben verpasst, die Bedeutung des Autos für die Gesellschaftsbildung und ihre ökonomische und soziale Stabilisierung ausreichend deutlich zu machen und stehen deshalb jetzt unter Zugzwang, normative Ansätze in der Klimapolitik ins Machbare zu übersetzen und die Frage zu beantworten, was innerhalb der bestehenden Grundordnung an Veränderungen basaler Funktionselemente überhaupt möglich ist. Bislang sind die Versuche einer „Verkehrswende“ noch nicht wirklich gelungen. Die entscheidenden Fragen, wo und unter welchen Umständen sich Reformen überhaupt realisieren lassen und welche Rolle dabei auch die Sozialwissenschaften selbst spielen, sind erst noch zu beantworten.
Typical Macroscopic Long-Time Behavior for Random Hamiltonians
Authors: Teufel Stefan , Tumulka Roderich , Vogel Cornelia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe consider a closed macroscopic quantum system in a pure state $$\psi _t$$

ψ
t

evolving unitarily and take for granted that different macro states correspond to mutually orthogonal subspaces $${\mathcal {H}}_\nu $$

H
ν

(macro spaces) of Hilbert space, each of which has large dimension. We extend previous work on the question what the evolution of $$\psi _t$$

ψ
t

looks like macroscopically, specifically on how much of $$\psi _t$$

ψ
t

lies in each $${\mathcal {H}}_\nu $$

H
ν

. Previous bounds concerned the absolute error for typical $$\psi _0$$

ψ
0

and/or t and are valid for arbitrary Hamiltonians H; now, we provide bounds on the relative error, which means much tighter bounds, with probability close to 1 by modeling H as a random matrix, more precisely as a random band matrix (i.e., where only entries near the main diagonal are significantly nonzero) in a basis aligned with the macro spaces. We exploit particularly that the eigenvectors of H are delocalized in this basis. Our main mathematical results confirm the two phenomena of generalized normal typicality (a type of long-time behavior) and dynamical typicality (a type of similarity within the ensemble of $$\psi _0$$

ψ
0

from an initial macro space). They are based on an extension we prove of a no-gaps delocalization result for random matrices by Rudelson and Vershynin (Geom Funct Anal 26:1716–1776, 2016).
The Cuntz semigroup of a ring
Authors: Antoine Ramon , Ara Pere , Bosa Joan , Perera Francesc , Vilalta Eduard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For any ring R, we introduce an invariant in the form of a partially ordered abelian semigroup

$${\mathrm S}(R)$$

S
(
R
)

built from an equivalence relation on the class of countably generated projective modules. We call

$${\mathrm S}(R)$$

S
(
R
)

the Cuntz semigroup of the ring R. This construction is akin to the manufacture of the Cuntz semigroup of a C*-algebra using countably generated Hilbert modules. To circumvent the lack of a topology in a general ring R, we deepen our understanding of countably projective modules over R, thus uncovering new features in their direct limit decompositions, which in turn yields two equivalent descriptions of

$${\mathrm S}(R)$$

S
(
R
)

. The Cuntz semigroup of R is part of a new invariant

$$\textrm{SCu}(R)$$

SCu
(
R
)

which includes an ambient semigroup in the category of abstract Cuntz semigroups that provides additional information. We provide computations for both

$${\mathrm S}(R)$$

S
(
R
)

and

$$\textrm{SCu}(R)$$

SCu
(
R
)

in a number of interesting situations, such as unit-regular rings, semilocal rings, and in the context of nearly simple domains. We also relate our construcion to the Cuntz semigroup of a C*-algebra.
Comprehensive analysis of the bacterial spectrum for enhanced clinical insight in microbial ureteral stent colonization, uncomplicated urinary tract infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a principal component analysis-based literature review
Authors: Lepori Matilde , Braissant Olivier , Bonkat Gernot , Rieken Malte 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Controversies exist regarding the prevailing spectrum of microorganisms in microbial ureteral stent colonization (MUSC) and their clinical significance. The aim of this comprehensive review is to determine the predominant microbial spectrum in patients with an indwelling ureteral stent in comparison to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI).

Methods
Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane literature databases were searched from inception to April 2022 to identify manuscripts on MUSC, uncomplicated UTI and CAUTI. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify patterns of the pathogen spectrum of the different groups.

Results
We included 29 studies on MUSC, 28 studies on uncomplicated UTI and 23 CAUTI studies. The proportion of Staphylococci, Enterococci and Candida were significantly higher in MUSC and stent associated bacteriuria compared to their proportion in uncomplicated UTIs where E. coli dominates. By comparing MUSC, CAUTI and UTI with a PCA, the detected pathogen spectrum exhibited clearly distinguishable trends in the frequency of the main isolated pathogens influencing these three groups of urinary tract infections. With respect to MUSC and UTI, their 95% confidence interval ellipse only showed minimal overlap emphasizing that the spectrum of pathogens in the two groups is clearly distinct.

Conclusions
The frequency of detection of Staphylococci, Enterococci and Candida is more common in MUSC as compared to UTI. Thus, patients with indwelling ureteral stents should undergo an antimicrobial prophylaxis targeting this microbial spectrum in case of further surgery.
Is work burden associated with postmenopausal breast cancer? A population-based 25-year follow-up
Authors: Kalliosaari Maria , Rikkonen T. , Sund R. , Tuppurainen M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
To study the association between breast cancer and work burden over 25 years.

Methods
The study was based on the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) cohort (n = 14,220) and included women who had answered the questionnaire from the year 1994 and had no previous breast cancer. Breast cancer cases were recorded from the Finnish Cancer Registry during the study period: from 1st June 1994 till December 31, 2019. Using questionnaires, we collected information on work burden, body mass index (BMI), menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), alcohol consumption, parity, and family history of breast cancer. Work burden was categorized as low or high. Variables were used both in the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to explore their associations with breast cancer.

Results
Altogether 825 women (6.9%) were diagnosed with breast cancer during the study period with a mean follow-up of 13.3 ± 7.2 years. Women with breast cancer were compared to those without breast cancer during the follow-up period (n = 11,117). A low work burden was associated with a 1.3-fold higher incidence of breast cancer (95% confidence interval 1.2–1.6) than a high work burden. Low work burden was associated with an increased breast cancer risk.

Conclusion
Low work burden is associated with elevated postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the 25-year follow-up period.
Increased EBNA1-specific antibody response in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Comabella Manuel , Hegen Harald , Villar Luisa M. , Rejdak Konrad , Sao-Avilés Augusto , Behrens Malina , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Mongay Neus , Berek Klaus , Martínez-Yelamos Sergio , Pérez-Miralles Francisco , Abdelhak Ahmed , Bachhuber Franziska , Tumani Hayrettin , Lycke Jan , Carbonell-Mirabent Pere , Valls-Carbó Adrián , Rosenstein Igal , Alvarez-Lafuente Roberto , Castillo-Triviño Tamara , Otaegui David , Llufriu Sara , Blanco Yolanda , Sánchez-López Antonio J. , García-Merino Antonio , Fissolo Nicolás , Gutiérrez Lucía , Villacieros-Álvarez Javier , Monreal Enric , Wiendl Heinz , Montalban Xavier , Lünemann Jan D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and objectives
The impact of viral infections on disease susceptibility and progression has predominantly been studied in patients with relapse-onset MS (RMS). Here, we determined immune responses to ubiquitous viruses in patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS).

Methods
Antibody responses to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), specifically to the latent EBV nuclear antigen 1 and the lytic viral capsid antigen VCA, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and measles virus were determined in a cohort of 68 PPMS patients with a mean follow-up of 8 years and compared with 66 healthy controls matched for sex and age.

Results
Compared with controls, PPMS patients showed increased humoral immune responses to the EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1), but not to the lytic EBV capsid antigen (VCA) or to other viral antigens. Seroprevalence rates for HCMV were significantly higher in PPMS. Antiviral immune responses at baseline did not correlate with disability progression over time.

Discussion
Elevated immune responses toward EBNA1 are selectively increased in people with primary progressive disease, indicating a link between EBNA1-targeting immune responses and the development of both RMS and PPMS. Our data also suggest that chronic HCMV infection is associated with progressive MS.
An update on immune-based alpha-synuclein trials in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Alfaidi Maha , Barker Roger A. , Kuan Wei-Li 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent, chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and other brain regions. The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) into Lewy bodies and neurites is a key pathological feature associated with PD and its progression. Many therapeutic studies aim to target these aggregated forms of α-syn to potentially slow down or stop disease progression in PD. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent clinical trials involving vaccines and monoclonal antibodies targeting α-syn. Specifically, UB-312, AFFITOPE PD01A, PD03A and ACI-7104.056 are designed to provoke an immune response against α-syn (active immunisation), while Prasinezumab and Cinpanemab, MEDI1341 and Lu AF82422 focus on directly targeting α-syn aggregates (passive immunisation). Despite some promising results, challenges such as variable efficacy and trial discontinuations persist. Future research must address these challenges to advance disease-modifying therapies for PD around this therapeutic target.
Machine learning and deep learning algorithms in stroke medicine: a systematic review of hemorrhagic transformation prediction models
Authors: Issaiy Mahbod , Zarei Diana , Kolahi Shahriar , Liebeskind David S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) further worsening outcomes. Traditional scoring systems have limited predictive accuracy for HT in AIS. Recent research has explored machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms for stroke management. This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of ML and DL algorithms in predicting HT post-AIS, benchmarking them against conventional models.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE, initially yielding 1421 studies. After screening, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was used to assess the quality of these studies, and a qualitative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity in the study design.

Results
The included studies featured diverse ML and DL algorithms, with Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) being the most common. Gradient boosting (GB) showed superior performance. Median Area Under the Curve (AUC) values were 0.91 for GB, 0.83 for RF, 0.77 for LR, and 0.76 for SVM. Neural networks had a median AUC of 0.81 and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) had a median AUC of 0.91. ML techniques outperformed conventional models, particularly those integrating clinical and imaging data.

Conclusions
ML and DL models significantly surpass traditional scoring systems in predicting HT. These advanced models enhance clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes. Future research should address data expansion, imaging protocol standardization, and model transparency to enhance stroke outcomes further.
Assessing axonal pathology and disease progression in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy using corneal confocal microscopy
Authors: Klimas Rafael , Sturm Dietrich , Altenborg Annika , Stylianou Nayia , Huckemann Sophie , Gasz Zornitsa , Grüter Thomas , Philipps Jörg , Greiner Tineke , Maier Christoph , Eitner Lynn , Enax-Krumova Elena , Vorgerd Matthias , Schwenkreis Peter , Gold Ralf , Fisse Anna Lena , Motte Jeremias , Pitarokoili Kalliopi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune neuropathy characterized by progressive or relapsing–remitting weakness and sensory deficits. This study aims to evaluate the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in diagnosing and monitoring CIDP.

Methods
We analysed 100 CIDP patients and 31 healthy controls using CCM to measure corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), length (CNFL), and branch density (CNBD). Standardized clinical and electroneurographic evaluation were conducted, and statistical analyses were performed to compare CCM parameters between groups and across disease stages.

Results
CIDP patients and subgroups exhibited significant reduction in CNFD, CNFL, and CNBD compared to controls. This reduction was observed in late disease stages and severe overall disability sum score (ODSS), and Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment Sensory Sum Score (ISS). CCM parameters correlated with axonal pathology in electroneurography of sensory, but not motor nerves. Despite the significant differences, the diagnostic sensitivity (41%) and specificity (77%) of CCM parameters were limited.

Conclusion
While CCM effectively differentiates CIDP patients from healthy controls and was associated with disease severity, its diagnostic accuracy for routine clinical use is a posteriori. However, CCM shows promise as a non-invasive tool for monitoring sensory axonal pathology in CIDP.
Regional distribution of polymorphisms associated to the disease-causing gene of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Elter Tim Lukas , Sturm Daniel , Santana Magda M. , Schaprian Tamara , Raposo Mafalda , Melo Ana Rosa Vieira , Lima Manuela , Koyak Berkan , Oender Demet , Grobe-Einsler Marcus , Lopes Sara , Silva Patrick , de Almeida Luís Pereira , Giunti Paola , Garcia-Moreno Hector , Nethisinhe Suran , de Vries Jeroen , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , van Gaalen Judith , Synofzik Matthis , Schöls Ludger , Reetz Kathrin , Erdlenbruch Friedrich , Jacobi Heike , Infante Jon , Riess Olaf , Klockgether Thomas ,   ESMI study group, Timmann Dagmar , Thieme Andreas , Faber Jennifer , Hübener-Schmid Jeannette 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Knowledge about the distribution and frequency of the respective haplotypes on the wildtype and mutant allele is highly relevant in the context of future gene therapy clinical studies in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3, the most common autosomal dominantly inherited ataxia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated to the disease-causing gene, ATXN3, have been determined. We wanted to investigate the frequency and regional distribution of two intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a large European SCA3 cohort and their relation to the clinical phenotype.

Methods
The genotypes of the two polymorphisms at base pair positions 987 and 1118 of the ATXN3 were determined for their co-localization on the normal and expanded allele, respectively, in 286 SCA3 mutation carriers and 117 healthy controls from 11 European sites.

Results
The distribution of genotypes on the expanded allele differed from those of the wildtype allele of SCA3 mutation carriers and of healthy controls, and was mainly influenced by the regional origin. In our cohort, no particular clinical phenotype was associated with any specific haplotype.

Conclusions
Our results confirm distinct allocations of SNPs associated to the expanded ATXN3, and accordingly the consideration of allele-specific therapies.
Impact of adolescents’ binge drinking on blood chemistry
Authors: Pistritto Enrico , Schera Federica M. F. , Vassilopoulou Emilia , Corsello Antonio , Alberti Ilaria , Lava Sebastiano A. G. , Betti Céline , Bianchetti Mario G. , Agostoni Carlo , Camozzi Pietro , Milani Gregorio P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Adolescent binge drinking is increasingly common. This study investigates the anomalies in glucose, sodium, calcium, potassium, and acid–base homeostasis induced by binge drinking in adolescents. The records of teenagers who sought medical attention for binge drinking (ethanol level ≥ 0.80 g/L) at the Pediatric Emergency Department, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (Italy), spanning the years 2013 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. For this analysis, cases were selected if documented blood chemistry encompassed sodium, potassium, total calcium, glucose, acid–base balance, and lactic acid (only for those with metabolic acidosis). Included were 173 adolescents (female-to-male ratio 0.94), 13.2 to 18.4, median 16.4 years of age. Hypoglycemia (≤ 3.3 mmol/L; N = 1, 0.6%), hyponatremia (≤ 134 mmol/L; N = 7, 4.0%), hypernatremia (≥ 146 mmol/L; N = 3, 1.7%), hypocalcemia (≤ 2.19 mmol/L; N = 0) hypercalcemia (≥ 2.61 mmol/L; N = 0), and hyperkalemia (≥ 5.1 mmol/L; N = 0) were infrequent. Acute respiratory acidosis (pCO2 ≥ 46 mm Hg; pH < 7.40; N = 101, 58%) was the most common acid–base imbalance, followed by respiratory alkalosis (pCO2 ≤ 34 mm Hg; pH > 7.40; N = 10, 5.6%), and metabolic acidosis (HCO3
- ≤ 19 mmol/L, pH < 7.40; N = 9, 5.2%). The lactic acid level was increased (≥ 2.1 mmol/L) in all cases with metabolic acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis (HCO3
- ≥ 28 mmol/L, pH > 7.40) never occurred. Hypokalemia (≤ 3.4 mmol/L; N = 56, 32%) was prevalent, particularly in adolescents with normal acid–base equilibrium or metabolic acidosis, rather than respiratory acidosis or alkalosis.

Conclusion: Adolescents who engage in binge drinking often experience a disrupted acid–base balance and hypokalemia, while glucose, sodium and calcium levels are rarely affected.

What is known?• Binge drinking is becoming increasingly common among adolescents.• Conflicting data regarding the type and prevalence of biochemical disorders induced by binge drinking are available in this age group.

What is new?• Acute respiratory acidosis is prevalent in adolescents with binge drinking, whereas respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and hypoglycemia are uncommon.• Hypokalemia develops frequently.