bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endogenous enzymes of triticale used as natural sweeteners of wheat‐triticale cookies
Authors: Arizmendi‐Cotero Daniel , Bernal‐Estrada Miguel A. , Dominguez‐Lopez Aurelio , Díaz‐Ramírez Mayra , Ponce‐García Nestor , Villanueva‐Carvajal Adriana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesTriticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) is a cereal grain with a reduced capacity for bread making but useful as a raw ingredient for cookies baking. Triticale has a high content of lysine, phenolic compounds, arabinoxylans, β‐glucans, and α‐amylase activity. Triticale's α‐amylase activity was promoted by submitting cookies dough to different time and temperature resting conditions in order to enhance the sweetness of cookies.FindingsThe level of glucose‐based carbohydrates increased with temperature, but time showed a significantly higher contribution to this variable. Texture showed significant changes in cookies dough, but fracture force showed a non‐significant difference in cookies. Sensory panelists preferred cookies obtained from the dough kept at 65°C for 25 min.ConclusionsSweetness in wheat/triticale cookies increased after a time/temperature in situ enzymatic process using endogenous enzymes, maintaining some texture and sensory properties that can be predicted using the model used.Significance and noveltyThe manuscript shows the possibility of using triticale flour as a source of endogenous enzymes to increase the sweetness of wheat/triticale cookies when the dough is subjected to previous treatment of dough resting, combining time/temperature conditions.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma mimicking a liver abscess
Authors: Yacoub Haythem , Hassine Hajer , Boukriba Seif , Haouet Slim , Ayari Asma , Kchir Hela , Maamouri Nadia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma masquerading as liver abscess, and presenting with fever, is a very rare situation and should be considered in nonresolving liver abscess. Only few cases were reported in the literature. This entity is characterized by late diagnosis and poor prognosis.
Effects of metal promoters in bimetallic catalysts in hydrogenolysis of lignin derivatives into value‐added chemicals
Authors: Li Tingting , Ji Na , Jia Zhichao , Diao Xinyong , Wang Zhenjiao , Liu Qingling , Song Chunfeng , Lu Xuebin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBimetallic catalysts have been widely employed in the lignin hydrogenolysis research, which is attributed to that the interaction between the two metals can regulate the catalyst surface properties, thus improving the catalytic performance. The metal promoters can change the adsorption strength and orientation between the catalyst surface and the substrates, the active sites dispersion and the catalyst stability, so the activity, selectivity and stability of bimetallic catalysts are better than those of the corresponding monometallic catalysts in lignin hydrogenolysis. The effects between the two metals can be divided into the following four types: the electronic (ligand) effect, synergistic effect, stabilizing effect and geometric (ensemble) effect. Herein, these four different effects between the two metals and the reaction mechanisms over different bimetallic catalysts in lignin hydrogenolysis are discussed in this minireview, aiming to point out the challenges and further perspectives in the design of efficient bimetallic catalysts.
Patterns of cancer family history and genetic counseling eligibility among African Americans with breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers: A Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors cohort study
Authors: Purrington Kristen S. , Schwartz Ann G. , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Manning Mark A. , Nair Mrudula , Wenzlaff Angela S. , Pandolfi Stephanie S. , Simon Michael S. , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundFamily history (FH) remains one of the strongest risk factors for many common cancers and is used to determine cancer genetic counseling (CGC) eligibility, but the understanding of familial cancer patterns in African Americans is limited.MethodsThis study evaluated cancer FH among African Americans with invasive breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, or colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors (ROCS) cohort. Associations between participant cancer type, site‐specific FH, and meeting national guidelines for CGC were evaluated via logistic regression. Cancer FH patterns were evaluating via hierarchical clustering.ResultsAmong 1500 ROCS participants, 71% reported at least 1 first‐degree relative or grandparent with cancer. FHs of breast cancer, CRC, lung cancer, and prostate cancer were most common among participants with the same diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] for breast cancer, 1.14; P < .001; OR for CRC, 1.08; P = .003; OR for lung cancer, 1.09; P = .008; OR for prostate cancer, 1.14; P < .001). Nearly half of the participants (47%) met national CGC guidelines, and 24.4% of these participants met CGC criteria on the basis of their cancer FH alone. FH was particularly important in determining CGC eligibility for participants with prostate cancer versus breast cancer (OR for FH vs personal history alone, 2.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.94‐4.35; P < .001). In clustering analyses, breast and prostate cancer FH–defined clusters were common across all participants. Clustering of CRC and breast cancer FHs was also observed.ConclusionsROCS participants reported high rates of cancer FH. The high rate of eligibility for CGC among ROCS participants supports the need for interventions to increase referrals and uptake of CGC among African Americans.
Integrated Mechanistic Model of Minimal Residual Disease Kinetics With Venetoclax Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sathej , Wierda William , Chyla Brenda , Menon Rajeev , Miles Dale , Humerickhouse Rod , Awni Walid , Salem Ahmed Hamed , Mensing Sven , Freise Kevin J. 
Published: August 2020

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is an important emerging clinical end point in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The objective of this research was to develop an integrated mechanistic model to evaluate the impact of venetoclax‐rituximab combination therapy on MRD kinetics. Using data from 435 patients with relapsed or refractory CLL, an integrated model was developed and validated that accounted for venetoclax dosing and pharmacokinetics, rituximab treatment, absolute lymphocyte count, and blood and bone marrow (BM) MRD data. Simulations of venetoclax‐rituximab (six cycles) combination predicted the proportion (90% confidence interval) of patients with BM MRD below 10−4 to be 57% (54–61%) and 63% (59–67%) at 12 and 24 months of treatment, respectively. Continued venetoclax treatment to 48 months only increased the predicted rate of negative BM MRD to 66% (63–70%). These results indicate that treatment with venetoclax‐rituximab combination for a finite 2‐year period would nearly maximize the rate of negative BM MRD (< 10−4). Preliminary clinical data agree with these predictions and more long‐term follow‐up data are awaited to confirm the same.
Do CSR activities increase organizational citizenship behavior among employees? Mediating role of affective commitment and job satisfaction
Authors: Khaskheli Asadullah , Jiang Yushi , Raza Syed A. , Qureshi Muhammad A. , Khan Komal A. , Salam Javeria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhen employees do work by “going beyond” or by “giving their all.” They look at their job as more than just a paycheck and eager to do all they can to make their work environment more effective, though such actions are not associated with their job descriptions. Such behaviors are sometimes because of the personality of an individual, but sometimes organizations boost such behaviors by providing a peaceful environment. Thus, this research is conducted to examine the effects of employees' corporate social responsibility perception on their affective commitment, job satisfaction, considering both intrinsic and extrinsic, and organizational citizenship behavior. The survey was conducted to test the variables from employees' perspectives in the organizations of Pakistan. The findings reveal that employees' CSR perception has a positive and significant association with organizational citizenship behavior. Moreover, employees' CSR perception depicts similar results, that is, positive and significant with affective commitment and intrinsic job satisfaction, but there is a negative association with extrinsic job satisfaction. Furthermore, findings reveal that affective commitment and intrinsic job satisfaction portray a positive and significant association with organizational citizenship behavior. In contrast, extrinsic job satisfaction has a negative relationship with organizational citizenship behavior. Lastly, mediation analyses depict that all variables, that is, affective commitment, intrinsic, and extrinsic job satisfaction partially mediates the association between employees' CSR perception and organizational citizenship behavior.
Molecular Oxygen Lignin Depolymerization: An Insight into the Stability of Phenolic Monomers
Authors: Mathieu Yannick , Vidal Juan D. , Arribas Martínez Lourdes , Abad Fernández Nerea , Iborra Sara , Corma Avelino 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring oxidative depolymerization of lignin in aqueous alkaline medium using molecular oxygen as oxidant, the highly functionalized primary phenolic monomers are not stable products, owing to various not fully identified secondary reaction mechanisms. However, better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the instability of the main part of the products of interest derived from lignin is of much interest. Evaluation of their individual reactivities under oxidative conditions should significantly help to find a better way to valorize the lignin polymer and to maximize the yields of target value‐added products. Consequently, the main objective of this study is to assess the individual stabilities of some selected lignin‐based phenolic compounds, such as vanillin, vanillic acid, and acetovanillone, together with some other pure chemical compounds such as phenol and anisole to give an insight into the mechanisms responsible for the simultaneous formation and repolymerization of those products and the influence of the oxidation conditions. Various complementary strategies of stabilization are proposed, discussed, and applied for the oxidative depolymerization reactions of a technical lignin extracted from pinewood with a high content of β‐O‐4 interconnecting bonds to try to obtain enhanced yields of value‐added products.
Emerging Strategies for Modifying Lignin Chemistry to Enhance Biological Lignin Valorization
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Min , Liu Zhi‐Hua , Pu Yunqiao , Meng Xianzhi , Xu Jifei , Yuan Joshua S. , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiological lignin valorization represents a promising approach contributing to sustainable and economic biorefineries. The low level of valuable lignin‐derived products remains a major challenge hindering the implementation of microbial lignin conversion. Lignin's properties play a significant role in determining the efficiency of lignin bioconversion. To date, despite significant progress in the development of biomass pretreatment, lignin fractionation, and fermentation over the last few decades, little efforts have gone into identifying the ideal lignin substrates for an efficient microbial metabolism. In this Minireview, emerging and state‐of‐the‐art strategies for biomass pretreatment and lignin fractionation are summarized to elaborate their roles in modifying lignin structure for bioconversion. Fermentation strategies aimed at enhancing lignin depolymerization for microbial utilization are systematically reviewed as well. With an improved understanding of the ideal lignin structure elucidated by comprehensive metabolic pathways and/or big data analysis, modifying lignin chemistry could be more directional and effective. Ultimately, together with the progress of fermentation process optimization, biological lignin valorization will become more competitive in biorefineries.
EE‐hHHSS: Energy‐efficient wireless sensor network with mobile sink strategy using hybrid Harris hawk‐salp swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Srinivas Madana , Amgoth Tarachand 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWireless sensor network (WSN) includes power‐efficient sensor nodes to convey information to the base station (BS). This network comprises a number of sensor nodes that perform sensing, processing, and wireless communication abilities to monitor a specified sensing field. Therefore, it is necessary to prolong WSN lifetime using energy efficient optimization methods, because the sensor nodes are operated by battery. Also, it is difficult to replace the battery of the nodes located in harsh environments. Thus, energy‐efficient routing is a crucial phenomenon in WSN. In this article, energy‐efficient WSN with mobile sink (MS) strategy is proposed using hybrid Harris hawk and salp swarm (Hybrid HH‐SS) optimization algorithm. In order to achieve energy efficiency, finding an optimal route for MS is a critical task. The MS discovers an optimal path to interconnect with the cluster heads (CHs) by adaptive ant colony optimization (AACO) algorithm. Hence, the proposed hybrid algorithm minimizes the energy consumption (EC), packet loss rate (PLR), and end‐to‐end (E2E) delay and enhances the lifetime of the network. The proposed work is implemented in JAVA platform, and simulation outcomes show that the proposed approach enhances the wireless sensor network performances. Simulation results show enhancement in energy efficiency in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery rate, average throughput, packet loss rate, energy efficiency, and end‐to‐end delay.
Cytological diagnosis of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: Report of a case and review of literature
Authors: Rani Deepa , Gupta Arsh , Gupta Atul , Rastogi Kanika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAngiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is an unusual superficially located tumor primarily affecting children and young adults. It grows slowly and most often occurs on the extremities. There is a paucity of literature on the cytological findings of AFH owing to the rarity of the lesion and its superficial location which makes it easier to perform the biopsy. Here, we present a case of AFH in a 7‐year‐old girl who presented with a left upper arm swelling. The cytology of this tumor along with histopathologic correlation and review of literature is discussed.
Experimental and Theoretical Study on SO2 Tolerance of Pt Electrocatalysts: Role of Carbon Support
Authors: Prithi J. A. , Shanmugam Ramasamy , Rao G. Ranga , Rajalakshmi N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDurability of fuel cell is still a major concern for successful progress and commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology. One of the factors affecting durability of PEMFC is the impurities present in atmospheric air that is fed at cathode which degrades the PEMFC performance. Conventionally used electrocatalyst, platinum (Pt) supported on carbon (C), is susceptible even to trace amounts of SO2 present in atmospheric air. The present study investigates the effect of SO2 and role of carbon support in platinum electrocatalysts at different weight ratios of carbon and platinum (20 wt% and 40 wt% Pt/C). Tolerance towards SO2 contaminations has been evaluated through electrochemical studies. The sulfur coverage percentage was found to be 57 % and 43 % for 20 wt% and 40 wt% Pt/C, respectively. However, the unsupported Pt black showed better tolerance with 31 % of sulfur coverage implying the susceptibility of carbon towards SO2 contamination. Density functional theory (DFT) studies proved the synergistic effect of SO2 adsorption and its dissolution mechanism on carbon supported Pt electrocatalysts.
A metamaterial‐inspired circularly polarized antenna for implantable applications
Authors: Goswami Siddhant , Karia Deepak C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA novel microstrip‐fed metamaterial‐inspired antenna is proposed for implantable applications. The designed antenna operates in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical band at a frequency (2.4‐2.5) GHz. The implantable antenna comprises of two split ring resonators. The use of metamaterial not only dramatically reduces the size of the antenna, but also improves its gain and bandwidth. Different methods of size reduction with optimum gain and bandwidth are here discussed in detail. The implantable antenna is designed using FR4 substrate which provides better gain, miniature size (84% size reduction), good impedance matching, circular polarization with 3.41% of 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth. Circularly polarized antennas are usually preferred as they reduce polarization mismatch loss. The antenna is 29 × 28 mm2 in size with 4.86 dB gain and 140 MHz impedance bandwidth. The design of phantom liquid, the computation of its pH value, and measurement of its permittivity are thoroughly reported. The permittivity of the liquid is found to increase with the pH value. The permittivity of phantom liquid has been validated with 85070E dielectric probe kit. A detailed description of different probes is provided. The measurement results are in good agreement with simulations. Finally, the design of phantom for implantable applications and techniques for size reduction of the same have been described. This reduced size will help to fit antenna in medical devices, providing greater ease for the body movement.
Information entropy theory for steam turbine system monitoring study
Authors: Gu Hui , Si Fengqi , Cui Yanfeng , Zhu Hongxia , Cui Xiaobo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA steam turbine is one of the components in a power plant. Considered as a strong coupling system, steam turbines may possess correlation information among the operation parameters. In this article, a correlation extraction method based on mutual information theory is proposed for performance monitoring. First, five functions between two variables including linear and nonlinear relationships are tested to validate the proposed method. In the first industrial case study, a sensor fault detection based on the governing stage pressure is conducted on the abnormal fluctuation mutual entropy values calculated by operation data. The results show the proposed method may effectively be used to detect sensor errors and locate the first error sample. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis on the heat rate is studied to sort the importance degree of the relative parameters. The mutual information entropy difference values are then calculated to quantify the sensitivity degree of the operation parameters to the heat rate index. The results in this case study are in accordance with the sequences by the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty Measurement (GUM) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods. In conclusion, mutual information entropy may hence be used as a new solution for turbine monitoring, combined with information theory.
Detection of terracettes in semi‐arid rangelands using Fourier‐based image analysis of very‐high‐resolution satellite imagery
Authors: Hellman Ian , Heinse Robert , Karl Jason W. , Corrao Mark 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTerracettes are repeating step‐like microtopographic features roughly following the contours of hillslopes that are often associated with livestock tracks. These common features in many semi‐arid rangelands have been shown to alter soil moisture, slope stability, sediment transport, infiltration rates and coincident vegetation patterns. The spatial extent and distribution of terracettes is currently unknown and therefore their landscape‐scale hydrological influence is absent in modelling and land management decision making. When viewed in uncalibrated very‐high‐resolution satellite imagery, terracettes appear as repetitious parallel lines within a specific frequency range. Here we used the two‐dimensional discrete Fourier transform to identify terracettes at three test sites in the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA. We created an automated rule‐based classification of terracetted sites based on spatial frequency, orientation, slope angle and land‐use class. Results show a detection accuracy of 77% based on an optimized spatial frequencies search window between 0.3 and 0.7 m−1. Terracette orientation did not contribute significantly to detection accuracy because orientations varied ±50° from digital elevation model‐derived aspects. We found terracettes occurred predominantly on north‐facing slopes at our test sites, although this estimate may be exaggerated by the timing of image capture. We feel that the method developed in this paper provides a way forward to map terracettes at large scales and enable new insights into the functions of terracettes in the landscape. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental investigation of human tenability and sprinkler protection in hospital room fires
Authors: Hostikka Simo , Veikkanen Eetu , Hakkarainen Tuula , Kajolinna Tuula 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe effectiveness of sprinklers in protecting hospital patients in the room of fire origin was investigated by 14 experiments with a residential‐grade sprinkler system, and by two free‐burns. The fire load was UL 1626 corner fire. Tenability conditions were evaluated for the UL 1626 corner fire using gas temperature and species concentration measurements, and by calculating the fractional effective dose (FED) and fractional irritant concentration (FIC) with the comprehensive model of Purser and a more simplified method of ISO 13571. In the sprinklered tests, the average FED at 15 minutes was 0.8 ± 1 with 95% confidence, when using the Purser's method, and 0.2 ± 0.2 with ISO 13571. The difference was mainly caused by the assumption in the Purser's method that all NOx gases behave like NO2. Ignoring the NO contributions decreased the Purser's FED values very close to those of ISO 13571. In nonsprinklered tests, the FED and FIC values indicated definite incapacitation and possibly death 3 minutes after ignition. The sprinklers effectively increase the possibility of surviving, but the toxic effects may still be dangerous. In hospital and health care environments, many of the exposed persons may have lower‐than‐average tolerance.
Africa: Taking fire safety forwards
Authors: Walls Richard S. , Cicione Antonio , Messerschmidt Birgitte , Almand Kathleen 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe population of Africa has increased rapidly, with a population of 630 million in 1990 exploding to a population of 1.2 billion in 2016. Furthermore, across the continent, there is rapid urbanisation combined with a significant growth in mining, mineral processing, transportation, fuel storage, energy generation and industrial activities. This has resulted in the fire risk for the continent growing exponentially in the past decades, and it is the cause for serious concern that there are very few educational, research and regulatory bodies providing the necessary training and knowledge basis to keep the continent safe from fire. It is with this background that this paper seeks to provide: (a) a high‐level overview of Africa's recent growth and development, that is illustrated with (b) a number of recent disasters that present events that could become more commonplace if action is not taken which (c) is used to explain the growing fire risk on the continent, and leads to the proposal of (d) a high‐level roadmap for producing a continent that is more resilient to fire. International data from developed countries are used to demonstrate how the application of fire engineering standards and knowledge has improved fire safety and reduced losses in various developed countries, and Africa could potentially follow this trend, although there are significant challenges that must be faced.