bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungsi Pengawasan Parlemen dalam Perspektif Gender
Authors: Aziz SR Abdul 
Published: February 2020

As a branch of power in a democratic system, parliament has a function of control over the executive. This function is carried out to ensure that what is ordered by the Act is carried out properly by the executive, as well as to prevent at least minimizing deviations of power. In a gender perspective, the supervision carried out by parliament must accommodate and consider all interests for justice for all citizens. The interests of all citizens without discrimination against both men and women. Legislative activities and budget allocations carried out by the parliament together with the government must form a unity with a supervisory function to ensure the decision-making process along with political decisions that are gender responsive.Â Keywords: parliamentary oversight, democracy, gender responsiveness.
Penerapan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran PPKN
Authors: Kurniawati Rury , Daniamiseno Abdul Gafur 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan persentase peserta didik yang mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM). Penelitian dilakukan dalam 3 kali siklus pembelajaran. Sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan pretest dan posttest untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman peserta didik yang tercermin dalam capaian hasil belajar dan jumlah peserta didik yang mencapai KKM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata hasil belajar meningkat dari 82,31 pada siklus ke-1, 87,69 pada siklus ke-2 dan 83,85 pada siklus ke-3. Persentase peserta didik yang mencapai KKM juga mengalami peningkatan mencapai 80,77% pada siklus ke-1, 88,46% pada siklus ke-2, dan 88,46% pada siklus ke-3. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif TGT dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan persentase peserta didik Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan yang mencapai KKM. AbstractThe objective of this classroom action research was to improve learning outcomes and the percentage of students who achieve a Minimum Completeness Criterion (MCC). The study was conducted in 3 cycles. Pretest and posttest were done during the process to determine the average learning outcomes and the number of students who passes a KKM. The result showed the average learning outcomes increased from 82.31 in 1st cycle to 87.69 in 2nd cycle and become 83.85 in 3rd cycle. In addition, the percentage of students who pass a KKM reached 80.77% in 1st cycle, 88.46 % in 2nd cycle and 88.46 % in 3rd cycle. It can be concluded that the application of the cooperative learning TGT can improve learning outcomes and the percentage of students who pass a KKM of The Pancasila and Civic Education.
Pengaruh motivasi kerja dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru IPS bersertifikat pendidik
Authors: Nugroho Febry Adi , Marzuki Marzuki 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara motivasi kerja dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru IPS bersertifikat pendidik di SMP Kabupaten Magelang secara sendiri-sendiri maupun secara bersama-sama. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex-postfacto. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji penaruh dengan regresi sederhana dan regresi ganda dengan sampel sebanyak 80 guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja guru; (2) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru; dan (3) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan motivasi kerja dan kepepmimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru. Kuatnya kontribusi X1, dan X2 terhadap Y teramati dari besarnya koefisien regresi R=0,884 dan p<0,05 atau memberikan sumbangan efektif 88,4% terhadap kinerja guru IPS bersertifikat pendidik di Kabupaten Magelang. AbstractThis research aims to know the influence of work motivation and the headmaster’s leadership of the teacher’s performances of the Magelang Regency separately and simultaneously. This research is ex-post facto. Data analysis techniques using the test of influence with simple regression and multiple regression with a sample of 80 teachers. The results of this research show that (1) there are positive and significant impacts of work motivation on teacher’s performances; (2) there are positive and significant effects of headmaster’s leadership on teacher’s performances; dan (3) there are positive and significant effects of work motivation and headmaster’s leadership simultaneously teacher’s performances. The contribution of X1and X2 contribution on Y observed by the regression coefficient was 0.884 and p<0.05 or giving effective contribution as much as 88,4% toward the teacher’s performances of Social Studies Teachers Holding Teacher Certificates in Magelang Regency.
Dampak Bantuan Operasional Sekolah di MTs Nurul Yaqin Praya dan MTs Al-Ittihadiyah NW Sepakat
Authors: Nursaptini Nursaptini , Suyanto Suyanto 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) terhadap tantangan kemandirian Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Yaqin Praya dan Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Ittihadiyah Nahdlatul Wathan (NW) Sepakat Lombok Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif studi kasus. Subyek penelitian adalah pengelola yayasan, kepala madrasah, guru, bendahara BOS, komite madrasah, orangtua siswa, siswa dan Tim Manajemen BOS Kementrian Agama Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengadaptasi Model Spiral Analisis yang dikembangkan Creswell meliputi mengorganisasikan data, membaca dan membuat memo, mendeskripsikan, mengklasifikasikan, dan menafsirkan data menjadi kode dan tema, menafsirkan data, menyajikan data, dan memvisualisasikan data. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pada awal berdirinya madrasah merupakan institusi pendidikan yang tumbuh dan berkembang dari dan oleh masyarakat. Segala kebutuhan madrasah berasal dari masyarakat mulai dari biaya pembangunan gedung, biaya operasional dan lainnya berasal dari swadaya masyarakat. Namun keadaan berbeda setelah adanya BOS. Bantuan Operasional Sekolah dijadikan sumber utama pemenuhan biaya nonpersonalia madrasah, tidak ada usaha dari pengelola madrasah dalam mendapatkan tambahan biaya nonpersonalia. Hal ini menyebabkan segala aktivitas pembelajaran dapat berjalan apabila dana BOS dicairkan. AbstractThis study aims to reveal the impact of School Operational Assistance (SOA) on the challenge of independence of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Yaqin Praya and Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Ittihadiyah Nahdlatul Wathan (NW) Sepakat. The approach used in this study is a qualitative case study. The research subject the foundation managers, headmasters, teachers, treasurers SOA, school committee, parents, student, SOA management team in the central Lombok Ministry of Religion. The data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis was carried out by adapting the Spiral Model of analysis developed by Creswell including organizing data, reading and creating memo, describing, classifying, and interpreting the data into code and themes, interpreting data, presenting data and visualizing data. The results of this study are at the beginning of the establishment of the madrasa was an educational institution that grew and developed from and by the community. But the situation is different after the SOA. School Operational Assistance is used as the main source of madrasa nonpersonal cost. There is no effort from the madrasa manager to obtain additional nonpersonal cost. This causes all learning activities to run if the SOA funds are disbursed.
A Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Decision Conflict Regarding HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Protocol for a Clinical Trial
Authors: Nelson LaRon E , Ajiboye Wale , Djiadeu Pascal , Odhiambo Apondi J , Pedersen Cheryl , Ramos S Raquel , Lofters Aisha , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Williams Geoffrey 
Published: February 2020

Background
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for populations at high ongoing risk for infection. There are noted racial disparities in the incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for African, Caribbean, and Canadian Black (ACB, black) populations in Ontario, Canada. Although blacks represent only 4.7% of the Ontario population, they account for 30% of HIV prevalence and 25% of new infections in the province. The existing clinical public health practice toolkit has not been sufficient to optimize PrEP uptake, despite the overwhelming evidence of PrEP’s efficacy for reducing HIV transmission risk. Since its establishment as an effective HIV prevention tool, the major focus in behavioral research on PrEP has been on understanding and improving adherence. To date, there is no known formalized intervention in place designed to support ACB men and women at high risk of making high-quality decisions regarding the adoption of PrEP as an HIV prevention practice.

Objective
We propose 2 aims to address these gaps in HIV prevention and implementation science. First, the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF) for use in the PrEP decisional needs of black patients was adapted. Second, the decision support intervention to estimate effect size compared with control conditions in reducing decision conflict and predicting adherence over 60 days was pilot tested.

Methods
In aim 1, we propose a cross-sectional qualitative descriptive study using data collected from key informant interviews with eligible PrEP patients (n=30) and surveys with health professionals (n=20) involved in HIV PrEP management. Data obtained from aim 1 will be used to develop a decision support intervention based on the ODSF. In aim 2, the adopted decision support intervention using a block-randomized design to estimate effect size compared with control conditions in reducing decision conflict and predicting adherence over 60 days was pilot tested. Hypothesis testing will be de-emphasized in favor of generating effect size estimates.

Results
A research award was funded on March 25, 2017 (Multimedia Appendix 1). Ethical approval was received on March 25, 2019 (with supplemental approval received on May 10, 2019). Data collection started on April 9, 2019. As of September 30, 2019, we enrolled 29 patients and 24 health care providers for aim 1. We are currently analysing the data collected for aim 1. Aim 2 is scheduled to start in May 2020.

Conclusions
This study will provide evidence-based information on the decisional needs of black patients who are at risk of HIV and have been offered PrEP. The study will also test the effect of decision support intervention in reducing decision conflict, adoption of PrEP, and adherence to PrEP.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/15080
A PROSPECTIVE CONSIDERATIONS AND COMPARATIVE EFFICACY BETWEEN IVABRADINE VS BETA BLOCKERS IN SOUTH INDIAN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS
Authors: Lekkala Hemanth Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: the objective of this study was to assess the role of heart rate in acute coronary syndrome with reduced ejection fraction, to assess contraindications for beta blockers, to assess the tolerability between Ivabradine and Beta-Blockers, to assess efficacy between Ivabradine and Beta Blockers, to assess patient condition according to NYHA classification.
Methods: A Prospective observational study was conducted for a duration of6 months Study population includes 100 patients in which Group A-50, Group B-50. We were selected the subjects according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were classified in one of four categories based on their symptoms in regards to normal breathing and varying degrees in shortness of breath by using (The New York Heart Association) NYHA Classification.
Results: Majority of the patients were in age group between (55-64)(32%) years of age are highly affected with ACS. Prevalence of ACS is high in Rural (56%). Both drugs decreased the mean heart rate to 89.97±10.27 (Group-A) versus 86.76±13.14 (Group-B) beats per minute (P=0.24). The result obtained are clinically and statistically significant with statistical significance at P>0.05.
Conclusion: In the present study we considered and compared the efficacy between Ivabradine and Beta Blockers in south Indian acute coronary syndrome patients shows Ivabradine is as effective as betablockers in reduction of heart rate.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PERCEPTION OF NURSES AND PHYSICIANS REGARDING PHARMACEUTICAL-INITIATED CLINICAL RESEARCH IN UAE, QATAR, OMAN, BAHRAIN, AND JORDAN
Authors: SHEREEN HAMMAD  
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to understand the reasons for the limited number of pharmaceutical-initiated clinical studies in the Middle East region, by assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions related to pharmaceutical-initiated clinical trials among health-care professionals (HCPs) in UAE, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, and Jordan.
Methods: The study was conducted using an online questionnaire-based survey. The HCP respondents were from UAE, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, and Jordan and had a good understanding of the English language. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the responses.
Results: The HCPs were not inclined toward participation in clinical trials and research activities. The reasons for their limited participation included a lack of time, resources, and limited awareness about their legal protection associated with such studies, and the lack of necessary training and education related to clinical research.
Conclusions: Although there is a willingness to participate in clinical trials conducted by pharmaceutical companies, HCPs face various ethical, administrative, and academic barriers. Addressing these issues would help increase the number of trials conducted in the Middle East region.
TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.
Authors: ANNAMALAI MADURAM  , RAJU KAMARAJ  
Published: February 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce.
Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin.
Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild.
Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.
DEVELOPMENT OF NANOPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FROM MARINE SOURCE AGAINST HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
Authors: N HARIKRISHNAN , S MOHAMIED ANAS , S GEJALAKSHMI 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Nanotechnology techniques are a creation and exploitation of materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer length scale, i.e., involvement of atoms, molecules, and supramolecular structures. Every existing treatment modalities against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) offer a marginal increase in the life expectancy as chitosan was converted to its derivative aminoethyl chitosan by chemical method evaluated for anti-HIV activity.
Methods: Isolation of chitosan from crab shell by chemical method involves four basic steps; protein separation, calcium carbonate separation, deproteinization, and demineralization.
Results: The results revealed the anti-HIV activity of the prepared nanoparticulate system. Cytotoxicity assay of the nanoparticulate system was carried out and the cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) value was found to be 38.07±1.42 μg/ml, indicating that the nanoparticulate system is not cytotoxic. HIV-1 infection inhibition assay was carried out and the nanoparticulate system showed excellent inhibitory activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 3.75±0.57 μg/ml.
Conclusions: It concludes, the CC50 and inhibitory concentration 50% IC50 values, the selectivity index of the nanoparticle was found to be 17.65 compared to the standard drug nevirapine (82.32), indicating the usefulness of the formulated nanoparticulate system as potential anti-HIV agent.
Novel Geobacillus thermoleovorans KNG 112 Thermophilic Bacteria from Bandaru Hot Spring: A Potential Producer of Thermostable enzymes.
Authors: K r Kotresh , S e Neelagund , D m Gurumurthy 
Published: February 2020

Amylase and lipase producing novel bacterium (strain IC5) were isolated from Bandaru hot spring, Karnataka, India. The cell was found to be thermophilic, gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, capable of growing at different optimum parameters of pH 7, temperature 55°C and tolerated maximally 0-8% (w/v) NaCl, which has the ability to show good amylotic and lipolytic activities. Phylogenetic analysis of the bacterium using the 16S rRNA gene was revealed that the strain belongs to genus Geobacillus. The isolated strain IC5 was in close resemblance with the gene of Geobacillus thermoleovorans EC-5 having 99% of similarities. During the production of amylase, the maximum activity was found when temperature and pH ranged from 50 to 60 ºC and from 7 to 8 respectively. The strain used starch as a carbon source with an agitation speed of 120rpm for maximal amylase production.
BIOGENESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM AGRO-WASTE
Authors: R KANCHANA , APURVA FERNANDES  
Published: February 2020

Objective: Biogenesis of multifunctional silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using agro-wastes (paddy straw [PS] and sugarcane bagasse [SB]) was reported in this study that could be deployed for biomedical and environmental applications.
Methods: The SNPs were synthesized using agro-waste extracts and the synthesized SNPs were characterized by ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and energy dispersion spectral (EDS) analysis and evaluated for their multifunctional applications.
Results: UV–visible absorption scan of SNP revealed a broad peak at 420 nm indicative of the surface plasmon resonance using 10 mM silver nitrate with the reaction time of 24 h for PS SNP and 10 min for SB SNP. The synthesized SNPs were of size ranges from 50 to 70 nm. The SNPs were investigated to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against pathogens, efficacy in sewage water treatment and in biofilm inhibition.
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the eco-friendly synthesis of SNPs using the agro-wastes. The synthesized NPs displayed remarkable antimicrobial activity, biofilm inhibition, and in sewage water treatment. These activities have shown that these NPs can find useful biomedical and environmental applications.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: JERIN JAMES  , JAMUNA RANI  
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India and to analyze the causality according to the Naranjo scale.
Methods: This study was carried out at the SRM Medical College, Chennai, a tertiary care hospital, which is an ADR monitoring center under Pharmacovigilance Programme of India, over a period of 1 year, from September 2017 to August 2018, after approval by the Institutional Ethics Committee. These ADRs were reported by the clinical pharmacy team of our hospital to the department of pharmacology. The relevant data were collected from the patient case notes, treatment charts, laboratory data reports, ADR notification forms, patient interview, and reporter interviews after written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Patients of either sex of all ages who developed ADR within the hospital were included in the study. Patients who developed ADR outside the hospital were excluded from the study. The collected ADRs were subjected to the Naranjo causality assessment scale. Hartwig’s scale was used to assess the severity of the reaction. The causalities and other aspects of the ADRs were analyzed in detail.
Results: A total of 80 ADRs were reported during this study period. The ADRs were most frequently reported in the adult age group (75%) with slight female preponderance (60%). Antibiotics contributed to the maximum number of ADRs which accounted for 52.5% of the total, of which beta-lactams were the highest (37.5%) followed by analgesics. Causality assessment of ADRs by the Naranjo scale showed that the maximum reactions could be categorized as probable (85%) followed by the possible category (15%). The most common presentation of ADR was itching (45%) followed by rashes (30%). Three cases of severe adverse reactions were reported, one case each of anaphylaxis to pantoprazole and diclofenac and one case of Steven–Johnson syndrome to cotrimoxazole.
Conclusion: ADRs are a common occurrence but are often not recognized. Even if recognized, they are underreported as many physicians are unaware that all ADRs should be reported to ADR monitoring centers. ADRs are an important cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world and are an important public health concern. It inflicts a negative impact on the treatment and exerts a greater economic burden on the patient if it results in prolongation of the duration of hospitalization or other comorbidities. Therefore, the practicing physicians, as well as the nursing staff, should be sensitized of the importance of ADR reporting to their respective pharmacovigilance centers.