bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potencjał zielonej infrastruktury w dużych polskich miastach do świadczenia usług ekosystemowych
Authors: Zwierzchowska Iwona , Mizgajski Andrzej 
Published: July 2020

Usługi ekosystemowe dostarczane przez tworzące zieloną infrastrukturę (ZI) ekosystemy oraz ich wpływ na jakość życia w miastach są dynamicznie rozwijającym się polem badawczym w Europie. Działania podejmowane w tym zakresie są stymulowane przez zobowiązanie krajów UE do mapowania i oceny stanu ekosystemów i ich usług na swoich terytoriach. Istotnym krokiem realizującym te wytyczne było pilotażowe opracowanie na zlecenie Ministerstwa Środowiska, które obejmowało analizę porównawczą największych aglomeracji w Polsce pod względem rozkładu ZI i jej potencjału do dostarczania wybranych świadczeń ekosystemów. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podejścia zaproponowanego w tym opracowaniu oraz jego głównych ustaleń.
Przyszłość metropolitalnego planowania przestrzennego w Polsce – perspektywa odgórna i oddolna
Authors: Mikuła Łukasz 
Published: July 2020

Celem artykułu jest ustalenie potencjalnych kierunków rozwoju planowania przestrzennego na poziomie obszaru metropolitalnego w Polsce na podstawie konfrontacji zamierzeń legislacyjnych administracji rządowej z doświadczeniami praktycznymi i oczekiwaniami środowiska samorządowego. Na tle przedstawionych problemów wynikających z dotychczasowej regulacji ustawowej analizowane są proponowane aktualnie przez rząd zmiany w zakresie systemu planowania strategicznego i przestrzennego (perspektywa top-down). Badania dotyczące perspektywy bottom-up bazują na wywiadach bezpośrednich i analizie dokumentów planistycznych w gminach obszaru metropolitalnego Poznania, będącego przykładem miękkiej przestrzeni planowania. W podsumowaniu krytycznej analizie poddana została spójność systemowa rysującego się nowego modelu planowania metropolitalnego w Polsce.
Detecting Tail Risks to Preclude Regulatory Arbitrage
Authors: Thiemann Matthias , Tröger Tobias H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper contributes to the debate on the adequate regulatory treatment of non-bank financial intermediation (NBFI). It proposes an avenue for regulators to keep regulatory arbitrage under control and preserve sufficient space for efficient financial innovation at the same time. We argue for a normative approach to supervision that can overcome the proverbial race between hare and hedgehog in financial regulation and demonstrate how such an approach can be implemented in practice. We first show that regulators shouldprimarilyanalyse the allocation of tail risk inherent in NBFI. Our paper proposes to apply regulatory burdens equivalent to prudential banking regulation if the respective transactional structures become only viable through indirect or direct access to (ad hoc) public backstops. Second, we use insights from the scholarship on regulatory networks as communities of interpretation to demonstrate how regulators can retrieve the information on transactional innovations and their risk-allocating characteristics that they need to make the pivotal determination. We suggest in particular how supervisors should structure their relationships with semi-public gatekeepers such as lawyers, auditors and consultants to keep abreast of the risk-allocating features of evolving transactional structures. Finally, this paper uses the example of credit funds as non-bank entities economically engaged in credit intermediation to illustrate the merits of the proposed normative framework and to highlight that multipolar regulatory dialogues are needed to shed light on the specific risk-allocating characteristics of recent contractual innovations.
A Choice Model of University Endowments Governance
Authors: Gao Xiang , Gu Zhenhua , Wang Zhan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The board of committees governing university endowments often chooses between hiring professionals to run funds and trusting denoting entities with the funds. As usual, sophisticated fund managers can construct a well-diversified investment portfolio; however, their interests may not be aligned with the university. On the other hand, donors have the advantage of assuming full liabilities for losses, but they only have access to risky projects due to their limitations in terms of accessing the available investment universe. This paper develops a theoretical framework in an attempt to explain the distinct endowment management strategy adopted by universities, and particularly their choice of endowment operator identity. Our model can provide supports to the governance activities practiced by university endowments both in developed and developing countries. Furthermore, we show theoretically that current capital control regulations imposed by the developing country's government reduce donations and encourage universities to establish donor-advised endowment funds, in which donors surrender ownership of anything they put in the fund, but retain control over how their money is invested.
Detection of skin cancer with adaptive fuzzy classifier using improved whale optimization
Authors: Durgarao Nagayalanka , Sudhavani Ghanta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSkin cancer is considered as a well-known type of cancer globally, and its occurrence has been found to be raised in current days. Researchers state that the disease requires early prediction so that the identification of precise signs will make it simple for the dermatologists and clinicians. This disorder has been established to be unpredictable. Hence, this paper intends to develop an efficient skin cancer detection scheme, which classifies the nature of cancer, whether it is normal, benign or malignant. Accordingly, the skin image which is given as input is segmented using k-means clustering model and the features are extracted from segmented image using Local Vector Pattern (LVP). Moreover, the extracted features are subjected to fuzzy classifier for recognizing the cancer. In addition, the limits of membership functions are optimally selected by improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Thus, the proposed scheme is termed as Improved Selection of Encircling and Spiral updating position of WO-based Fuzzy Classifier (ISESW-FC). From the optimized output, the type of skin cancer image can be determined, whether it is normal, benign or malignant. The performance of proposed model is compared over other conventional methods, and its efficiency is proved by means of Type I and Type II measures.
Workflow and hardware for intraoperative hyperspectral data acquisition in neurosurgery
Authors: Mühle Richard , Ernst Hannes , Sobottka Stephan B. , Morgenstern Ute 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo prevent further brain tumour growth, malignant tissue should be removed as completely as possible in neurosurgical operations. Therefore, differentiation between tumour and brain tissue as well as detecting functional areas is very important. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can be used to get spatial information about brain tissue types and characteristics in a quasi-continuous reflection spectrum. In this paper, workflow and some aspects of an adapted hardware system for intraoperative hyperspectral data acquisition in neurosurgery are discussed. By comparing an intraoperative with a laboratory setup, the influences of the surgical microscope are made visible through the differences in illumination and a pixel- and wavelength-specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculation. Due to the significant differences in shape and wavelength-dependent intensity of light sources, it can be shown which kind of illumination is most suitable for the setups. Spectra between 550 and 1,000 nm are characterized of at least 40 dB SNR in laboratory and 25 dB in intraoperative setup in an area of the image relevant for evaluation. A first validation of the intraoperative hyperspectral imaging hardware setup shows that all system parts and intraoperatively recorded data can be evaluated. Exemplarily, a classification map was generated that allows visualization of measured properties of raw data. The results reveal that it is possible and beneficial to use HSI for wavelength-related intraoperative data acquisition in neurosurgery. There are still technical facts to optimize for raw data detection prior to adapting image processing algorithms to specify tissue quality and function.
Untangling the association between prostate-specific antigen and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bernal-Soriano Mari Carmen , Lumbreras Blanca , Hernández-Aguado Ildefonso , Pastor-Valero María , López-Garrigos Maite , Parker Lucy A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Several studies have shown an inverse association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer (PCa). Some researchers suggest that this relationship is due to reduced PCa detection in diabetics due to lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels compared to non-diabetics. Our objective is to analyze the impact of diabetes on PSA in asymptomatic men without known prostate pathology and without prior prostate intervention.

Methods
We searched Medline (via PubMed), Embase and Scopus. We included studies that reported the relationship between serum PSA levels and diabetes or diabetes treatment in asymptomatic adult men without known prostate pathology, and without prior prostate intervention. Pooled mean differences were compared between diabetics and non-diabetics.

Results
Of 2,392 screened abstracts, thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and 8 (62%) reported appropriate measures that could be included in a meta-analysis. Eleven (85%) examined the influence of diabetes on PSA levels and 8 (62%) evaluated the influence of diabetes treatments on PSA levels. Overall diabetics had a significantly lower PSA level compared to non-diabetics (mean difference: −0.07 ng/mL; 95% CI −0.10, −0.04).

Conclusions
Diabetes and related factors (such as disease duration, severity and treatment) were significantly associated with lower PSA levels among asymptomatic men, yet differences were small and are unlikely to influence PCa detection in a screening setting.
Evidence on clinical relevance of cardiovascular risk evaluation in the general population using cardio-specific biomarkers
Authors: Clerico Aldo , Zaninotto Martina , Passino Claudio , Aspromonte Nadia , Piepoli Massimo Francesco , Migliardi Marco , Perrone Marco , Fortunato Antonio , Padoan Andrea , Testa Angelo , Dellarole Franco , Trenti Tommaso , Bernardini Sergio , Sciacovelli Laura , Colivicchi Furio , Gabrielli Domenico , Plebani Mario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the formulation of some immunoassays with high-sensitivity analytical performance allowed the accurate measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) levels in reference subjects. Several studies have demonstrated the association between the risk of major cardiovascular events and cardiac troponin concentrations even for biomarker values within the reference intervals. High-sensitivity cTnI and cTnT methods (hs-cTn) enable to monitor myocardial renewal and remodelling, and to promptly identify patients at highest risk ofheart failure. An early and effective treatment of individuals at higher cardiovascular risk may revert the initial myocardial remodelling and slow down heart failure progression. Specific clinical trials should be carried out to demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the general population screening by means of cost-benefit analysis, in order to better identify individuals at higher risk for heart failure (HF) progression with hs-cTn methods.
Beyond empowerment, experimentation and reasoning: The public discourse around the Quantified Self movement
Authors: Hepp Andreas , Alpen Susan , Simon Piet 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article presents the results of a discourse analysis of press coverage on the Quantified Self (QS) movement in the German and British (online) press between 2007 and 2018. The analysis is driven by two questions: What discursive patterns can be discerned within this coverage? And, what characterizes the translation of the experimental practices and imaginaries of this pioneer community into an overall societal reflection of deep mediatization? In essence, the article shows that the QS movement becomes a ‘general signifier’ for a dystopian view of deep mediatization. So, while the QS movement itself understands its practices and community as self-empowering, self-reasoning, and experimental, the constructions of the QS movement in public discourse suggest the opposite. Paradoxically, however, another basic imaginary of the pioneer community is adopted and confirmed, namely that of the (simple) mutability of society as a consequence of digital media technologies.
Synthesis, electropolymerization, and electrochromic performances of two novel tetrathiafulvalene–thiophene assemblies
Authors: Li Yuhao , Deng Shixiong , Cai Pengfei , Wang Chenyun , Wang Han , Shen Yongjia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
6,7-Bis(hexylthio)-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]-3-methylthio-tetrathiafulvalene (TTF-2) is coupled with thiophene-3-carboxylic acid and thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid by Steglich esterification, respectively, to afford 2-((4′,5′-bis(hexylthio)-5-(methylthio)-[2,2′-bi(1,3-dithiolylidene)]-4-yl)thio)ethyl thiophene-3-carboxylate (TTF-Th) and bis(2-((4′,5′-bis(hexylthio)-5-(methylthio)-[2,2′-bi(1,3-dithiolylidene)]-4-yl)thio)ethyl)thiophene-3,4-di-carboxylate (DTTF-Th). Their structures were characterized by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. Electropolymerization of TTF-Th and DTTF-Th was conducted with 0.1 M n-Bu4NPF6. The results indicated that both assemblies could rapidly form polymers via electrochemical deposition. In addition, their electrochromic performances illustrated that the color of P(TTF-Th) could switch from orange-yellow to dark blue, while P(DTTF-Th) changed its color from orange in the neutral state to dark blue in the oxidation state. Moreover, the electrochromic performances of P(DTTF-Th) were better than P(TTF-Th) due to the introduction of one extra TTF unit.
The Constitutional Identity of European Micro States and the Continental Integration Mechanisms. The Influence of the Diminutive Size
Authors: Bertolini Elisa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article analyses the impact that the diminutive size of the four continental Europe micro states has upon their constitutional arrangements and their approach toward continental integration mechanisms. Generally speaking, the international commitment toward integration mechanisms is one of the distinguishing traits of micro states. It may seem a paradox, but actually the international dimension is much more strategic for micro than for macro states. However, being micro territorial enclaves demanded certain ability from the part of European micro states when managing foreign relations in order not to be swallowed by their macro neighbours. Therefore, they carried out for centuries a cautious policy of ‘guarded openness’, trying to strike a balance between the maintenance of their traditional institutions and the need to interact on a continental scale. Constitutional systems that at a first glance are unusual may be an obstacle to integration and thus have to be reformed. However, not too much, because otherwise the whole system may implode if deprived of its original constitutional balance. The protection of national tradition and identity is conservative, in the sense that it arises from the necessity of self-preservation, rather than from ideology. The article claims that the ambivalent approach of continental Europe micro states have when interacting with macro states within the Council of Europe and the EU directly derives from their diminutive size. Furthermore, the relevant role played by the diminutive size is proved by the fact that recently the EU adopted a specific micro states approach. Hence, the article also aims at investigating how they try to strike a balance between the commitment toward self-preservation – ie their constitutional identity – and the commitment toward continental integration mechanisms.
Catalytic thermolysis treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater collected from effluent treatment plant
Authors: Singh Bineeta , Verma Ashok K. , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCatalytic thermolysis of petroleum refinery wastewater was investigated as a pretreatment process. Effects of various parameters like temperature, pH, dose of catalyst and time were investigated for chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and element reduction. CuSO4, FeSO4, FeCl3, and 1:1 ratio (v:v) mixture of CuSO4 and FeCl3 were used as a catalyst. The maximum reduction of COD and turbidity were 90 and 98% by mixture (1:1) of CuSO4 and FeCl3 at 70 °C, 7 pH, 1.0 kg/m3 dose in 90 min reaction time. The removal of an element like Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb was analyzed by ICP-OES. The sludge precipitated after catalytic thermolysis was characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)/derivative thermal analysis (DTA) analyses. Sludge from CuSO4 and mixture of CuSO4 and FeCl3 treatment has a compact structure with irregular granule which favors adsorption.
Mathematical analysis of solar conduction dryer using reaction engineering approach
Authors: Chavan Anand , Thorat Bhaskar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSolar conduction dryer (SCD) utilizes all three modes of heat transfer, viz., conduction, convection, and radiation. The effect of individual mode of heat transfer in SCD on agricultural product drying was studied using drying kinetics and basic heat transfer calculations. It was observed that the order of influence of mode of heat transfer mechanism as conduction followed by radiation and then convection. The correlation for relative activation energy (∆Ev/∆Ev,∞) as a function of moisture content (X−X∞), effective diffusivity (Deff), and mass transfer coefficient (hm) were determined for each mode of heat transfer. It was observed that the reaction engineering approach (REA) is appropriate tool to understand the physics of drying mechanism in SCD.
Heterogeneous PVC cation-exchange membrane synthesis by electrospinning for reverse electrodialysis
Authors: Jaime-Ferrer Jesús Salvador , Mosqueda-Quintero Marcela , Suárez-Toriello Victor A. , Anderson Sean M. , González Vargas Oscar A. , Villafaña-López Liliana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBlue energy (or salinity gradient energy) is a renewable, carbon-neutral, and continuous electrical energy source that can be obtained via the reverse electrodialysis (RED) technique. The viability of this technology strictly depends on the performance and cost of the ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) that compose the RED units; designing the optimal membrane represents a critical challenge due to the complex relation between the performance, properties, and structure of the membrane. In this work, we present our findings on an electrospun cation-exchange membrane based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a strongly acidic cation exchange resin, with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an additive. We contrast it with a similar membrane produced with the more conventional casting solution technique. The electrospinning technique provides thinner and more homogeneous membranes than those synthesized via casting. The membranes were characterized using morphological, spectroscopic, and analytical methods. Scanning electron microscopy images depicted an intertwined nanofiber mesh within the membrane. We also synthesized the same electrospun cation exchange membrane without SDS; this membrane presented 63% less swelling, and a significant increase in the fixed charge density (CDfix) (119.6 meq/g) when compared to its casting solution counterpart (34 meq/g). This suggests an enhanced permselectivity, and thus better performance for blue energy generation in RED units.
Implementation of medium voltage remote controlled switches to improve quality performance indexes – a case study
Authors: Santos Julio Cezar , Santos Wagner , Cestaro Guilherme , Fortes Marcio Zamboti , Henriques Henrique 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe growing demand for quality in the Energy Distribution Service, both by consumers and by regulatory agencies, obliges most distribution utilities to apply technologies that can be easily implemented and produce results in a short term horizon. The telecontrol technology is an essential tool every time it is necessary to fast restore the energy supply. This technology, which is completely supervised and controlled by the system operation center, allows the fast detection of a fault at a distance and switch an equipment without the aid of the operating crew, thus reducing the time that the power supply is unavailable. The present paper describes a Telecontrol Project, incorporated in an electric energy distribution utility in Brazil and compares the results in quality improvement with others usual investment actions, such as operating and maintenance procedures, laterals protection and network reinforcement. This paper shows, analyzing the results, that to improve the reliability indexes in a short time, when the company’s economic recovery is more important, the application of remotely controlled switch is more effective.
Resilience in first and second semester baccalaureate nursing students
Authors: Fowler Catherine , Goldsberry Jennifer , Handwerker Sarah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Examine and analyze the resilience levels of first and second semester BSN students in order to check for significant increases and decreases in resilience levels and factors.

Methods
Resilience levels were collected using the Connor Davidson CD-RISC-25 tool in both first and second semester students.

Results
No significant increases in resilience from first to second semester were noted, as anticipated. Several key areas showed significant decrease.

Conclusion
Resilience levels do not necessarily increase from one semester to the next; however, several significant decreases in levels did occur, suggesting a need for a resilience training module in the nursing program.
Āyuṛveda management of keratosis pilaris – a case report
Authors: Vipinsha Rajasadanam Samsakumar , Prathibha Changuli Krishna Bhat , Anandaraman Puthanmadom Venkatraramana Sharma 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Keratosis pilaris (KP) is the condition of the skin with extensive keratin follicular plugging. It may be associated with the erythema. The upper arm extensor area, shoulders, back of neck and thighs, as well as face and the upper trunk are the areas of presentation. Available medications for KP give only symptomatic relief, while some produce serious side effects. There is no proven universal treatment for the disease that can provide complete recovery. Āyuṛveda management of KP is not yet reported.

Case presentation
A 26-year-old male patient, presented with main complaints started with papular lesions over his right shoulder, chest and upper back along and later with pustular lesions in the past 2 weeks. The condition was associated with redness, mild swelling and itching. The case was diagnosed as Keratosis pilaris based on its presentation, site, and pathogenesis. Also by analyzing the extent of vitiation of doṣas (morbidities), the Vata kapha pitta hara line of treatment was adopted, which was accomplished in two phases i. e. Śodhana Cikitsa and Śamana Cikitsa.

Conclusion
Both internal and external treatments along with diet restrictions were found effective in arresting the pathogenesis and recovery in a short period. All the symptoms associated with the condition were completely cured with no signs of re-occurrence.