bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical C−N Borylation of Aromatic Amines Enabled by a Pyrylium Reagent
Authors: Ma Yuanhong , Pang Yue , Chabbra Sonia , Reijerse Edward J. , Schnegg Alexander , Niski Jan , Leutzsch Markus , Cornella Josep 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a radical borylation of aromatic amines through a homolytic C(sp2)−N bond cleavage. This method capitalizes on a simple and mild activation via a pyrylium reagent (ScPyry‐OTf) thus priming the amino group for reactivity. The combination of terpyridine and a diboron reagent triggers a radical reaction which cleaves the C(sp2)−N bond and forges a new C(sp2)−B bond. The unique non‐planar structure of the pyridinium intermediate, provides the necessary driving force for the aryl radical formation. The method permits borylation of a wide variety of aromatic amines indistinctively of the electronic environment.
Kinetic Investigation of Polyurethane Rubber Formation from CO2‐Containing Polyols
Authors: Buchner Georg A. , Rudolph Maik , Norwig Jochen , Marker Volker , Gürtler Christoph , Schomäcker Reinhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel CO2 utilization technology allows for the inclusion of CO2 as carbonate units and double bond moieties to give additional functionality in polyether polyols. This study examines the chain‐elongation kinetics of these diols with diisocyanates to polyurethane rubbers by means of thermal analysis. A reaction order of 1 indicates a strong influence of the chains' mobility on the reaction rate. Spectrometry and comparison with non‐double‐bond polyols reveal that the effect cannot be attributed to a substantial occurrence of side reactions but is rather due to the intertwining of lengthy chains.
The brain of a nocturnal migratory insect, the Australian Bogong moth
Authors: Adden Andrea , Wibrand Sara , Pfeiffer Keram , Warrant Eric , Heinze Stanley 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEvery year, millions of Australian Bogong moths (Agrotis infusa) complete an astonishing journey: In Spring, they migrate over 1,000 km from their breeding grounds to the alpine regions of the Snowy Mountains, where they endure the hot summer in the cool climate of alpine caves. In autumn, the moths return to their breeding grounds, where they mate, lay eggs and die. These moths can use visual cues in combination with the geomagnetic field to guide their flight, but how these cues are processed and integrated into the brain to drive migratory behavior is unknown. To generate an access point for functional studies, we provide a detailed description of the Bogong moth's brain. Based on immunohistochemical stainings against synapsin and serotonin (5HT), we describe the overall layout as well as the fine structure of all major neuropils, including the regions that have previously been implicated in compass‐based navigation. The resulting average brain atlas consists of 3D reconstructions of 25 separate neuropils, comprising the most detailed account of a moth brain to date. Our results show that the Bogong moth brain follows the typical lepidopteran ground pattern, with no major specializations that can be attributed to their spectacular migratory lifestyle. These findings suggest that migratory behavior does not require widespread modifications of brain structure, but might be achievable via small adjustments of neural circuitry in key brain areas. Locating these subtle changes will be a challenging task for the future, for which our study provides an essential anatomical framework.
Pou3f4‐expressing otic mesenchyme cells promote spiral ganglion neuron survival in the postnatal mouse cochlea
Authors: Brooks Paige M. , Rose Kevin P. , MacRae Meaghan L. , Rangoussis Katherine M. , Gurjar Mansa , Hertzano Ronna , Coate Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring inner ear development, primary auditory neurons named spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are surrounded by otic mesenchyme cells, which express the transcription factor Pou3f4. Mutations in Pou3f4 are associated with DFNX2, the most common form of X‐linked deafness and typically include developmental malformations of the middle ear and inner ear. It is known that interactions between Pou3f4‐expressing mesenchyme cells and SGNs are important for proper axon bundling during development. However, Pou3f4 continues to be expressed through later phases of development, and potential interactions between Pou3f4 and SGNs during this period had not been explored. To address this, we documented Pou3f4 protein expression in the early postnatal mouse cochlea and compared SGNs in Pou3f4 knockout mice and littermate controls. In Pou3f4y/− mice, SGN density begins to decline by the end of the first postnatal week, with approximately 25% of SGNs ultimately lost. This period of SGN loss in Pou3f4y/− cochleae coincides with significant elevations in SGN apoptosis. Interestingly, this period also coincides with the presence of a transient population of Pou3f4‐expressing cells around and within the spiral ganglion. To determine if Pou3f4 is normally required for SGN peripheral axon extension into the sensory domain, we used a genetic sparse labeling approach to track SGNs and found no differences compared with controls. We also found that Pou3f4 loss did not lead to changes in the proportions of Type I SGN subtypes. Overall, these data suggest that otic mesenchyme cells may play a role in maintaining SGN populations during the early postnatal period.
A Comparative Review of Electrolytes for Organic‐Material‐Based Energy‐Storage Devices Employing Solid Electrodes and Redox Fluids
Authors: Chen Ruiyong , Bresser Dominic , Saraf Mohit , Gerlach Patrick , Balducci Andrea , Kunz Simon , Schröder Daniel , Passerini Stefano , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectrolyte chemistry is critical for any energy‐storage device. Low‐cost and sustainable rechargeable batteries based on organic redox‐active materials are of great interest to tackle resource and performance limitations of current batteries with metal‐based active materials. Organic active materials can be used not only as solid electrodes in the classic lithium‐ion battery (LIB) setup, but also as redox fluids in redox‐flow batteries (RFBs). Accordingly, they have suitability for mobile and stationary applications, respectively. Herein, different types of electrolytes, recent advances for designing better performing electrolytes, and remaining scientific challenges are discussed and summarized. Due to different configurations and requirements between LIBs and RFBs, the similarities and differences for choosing suitable electrolytes are discussed. Both general and specific strategies for promoting the utilization of organic active materials are covered.
Coordinate transformation and construction of finite element mesh in a diverted tokamak geometry
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Lyu J.C. , Waelbroeck F.L. , Zheng L.J. , Michoski C.E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA coordinate transformation technique between straight magnetic field line coordinate system (Ψ, θ) and Cartesian coordinate system (R, Z) is presented employing a Solov'ev solution of the Grad‐Shafranov equation. Employing the equilibrium solution, the poloidal magnetic flux Ψ(R, Z) of a diverted tokamak, magnetic field line equation is solved computationally to find curves of constant poloidal angle θ, which provides us with explicit relations R = R(Ψ, θ) and Z = Z(Ψ, θ). Correspondingly, conversion from one coordinate to the other along particle trajectories in the vicinity of separatrix is demonstrated. Based on the magnetic structure, a finite element mesh is generated in a diverted tokamak geometry to solve Poisson's equation.
Takotsubo syndrome in Heart Failure and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2019: highlights from the experts
Authors: Keramida Kalliopi , Backs Johannes , Bossone Eduardo , Citro Rodolfo , Dawson Dana , Omerovic Elmir , Parodi Guido , Schneider Birke , Ghadri Jelena R. , Van Laake Linda W. , Lyon Alexander R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTakotsubo syndrome was featured in various sessions and posters at the recent Heart Failure Congress and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2019 held in Athens. The importance and increasing recognition of this acute heart failure syndrome is reflected by the growing activity at Heart Failure Association congresses over the last 8 years. Two dedicated sessions to Takotsubo syndrome with comprehensive lectures from experts in the field and several posters highlighted new scientific progress, important aspects of epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk stratification, and management of the syndrome and discussed gaps in knowledge of this intriguing entity. This paper will summarize the topics discussed in these sessions including the most recent data from large registries, clinical, and pre‐clinical studies presented at the meeting.
Loss of myeloid differentiation protein 1 promotes atrial fibrillation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Shuai Wei , Kong Bin , Yang Hongjie , Fu Hui , Huang He 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsMyeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) is expressed in the mammalian heart and exerts an anti‐arrhythmic effect. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is closely related to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The potential impact of MD1 on AF vulnerability in an HFpEF model is not clear.Methods and resultsMD1 knock‐out and wild‐type (WT) mice were subjected to uninephrectomy and continuous saline or d‐aldosterone infusion and given 1% sodium chloride drinking water for 4 weeks. Echocardiographic and haemodynamic measurements, electrophysiological studies, Masson staining, and molecular analysis were performed. Aldosterone‐infused WT mice develop HFpEF with left ventricular hypertrophy, moderate hypertension, pulmonary congestion, and diastolic dysfunction. Aldosterone infusion increased the vulnerability of WT mice to AF, as shown by a prolonged interatrial conduction time, shortened effective refractory period, and higher incidence of AF. In addition, aldosterone infusion increased myocardial fibrosis and inflammation, decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase 2a protein expression and the phosphorylation of phospholamban at Thr17, and increased sodium/calcium exchanger 1 protein expression and the phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 2 in WT mice. All of the above adverse effects of aldosterone infusion were further exacerbated in MD1 knock‐out mice compare with WT mice. Mechanistically, MD1 deletion increased the activation of the toll‐like receptor 4/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II signalling pathway in in vivo and in vitro experiments.ConclusionsMD1 deficiency increases the vulnerability of HFpEF mice to AF. This is mainly caused by aggravated maladaptive left atrial fibrosis and inflammation and worsened dysregulation of calcium handling, which is induced by the enhanced activation of the toll‐like receptor 4/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II signalling pathway.
Prospective associations between childhood neuropsychological profiles and adolescent eating disorders
Authors: Schaumberg Katherine , Brosof Leigh C. , Lloyd E. Caitlin , Yilmaz Zeynep , Bulik Cynthia M. , Zerwas Stephanie C. , Micali Nadia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveCross‐sectional associations between eating disorders (EDs) and deficits in neuropsychological functioning have been well documented; however, limited research has examined whether neuropsychological functioning is prospectively associated with EDs. The current study investigated prospective associations between neuropsychological functioning in childhood (ages 8 and 10) and ED behaviours and disorders in adolescence (at ages 14, 16, and 18 years) in a population‐based sample.MethodParticipants (N = 4,803) were children enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a population‐based, prospective study of women and their children. Regression methods tested associations between facets of neuropsychological functioning (attention, working memory, and inhibition) and eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses.ResultsBetter scores on working memory tasks in childhood were associated with decreased risk of fasting but increased risk of excessive exercise during adolescence. Better inhibitory control was associated with decreased risk for disordered eating at age 14, and attentional difficulties were associated with increased risk for binge eating disorder during adolescence among boys but not girls.ConclusionsNeuropsychological functioning may enhance risk for disordered eating behaviours in specific ways. Overall, effect sizes were small, and results did not support global associations between neuropsychological differences and ED risk in this sample.
Numerical simulation study on three‐dimensional fracture propagation of synchronous fracturing
Authors: He Yuting , Yang Zhaozhong , Li Xiaogang , Song Rui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new three‐dimensional fluid‐solid coupling fracture propagation model of synchronous fracturing was established to study the dynamic propagation process of simultaneous hydraulic fracturing. In this paper, we used an improved three‐dimensional boundary element method and a finite difference method, respectively, for calculating the deformation of the reservoir rock and the flow of the fracturing fluid during the fracturing process. The interaction between hydraulic fractures and nature fractures was also considered. Sensitivity analysis showed that during synchronous fracturing, the fractures between the wells attracted each other and injected with more fluid due to interference between the fractures. Affected by natural fractures, the trajectory of hydraulic fractures was more tortuous. Besides, the width and height of hydraulic fractures captured by natural fractures were reduced. In order to reduce the difference in length between individual fractures, smaller well spacing and larger cluster spacing should be used.
Scenario planning in science‐centric organizations
Authors: Ramirez Rafael , McGinley Ciaran , Rissanen Jenni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper surveys how, why, and with what effects organizations whose activity is centered on the work of the natural sciences and their application to societal issues, and whose core staff are natural scientists—often working with a positivist epistemology—use scenario planning. Based on three cases, we research how the scenario planning methodology was utilized, why it was selected, and with what effects. Our research suggests that scenario planning can be deployed to enhance the social engagement which science requires to operate; and which enables science and the organizations which support it to justify the value which science creates and thus to help secure its funding and restate and render explicit what the purpose of such organizations is. This paper contributes to scenario planning scholarship by extending the type of organizations which can benefit from deploying the methodology (we believe it is the first paper to explore how scenario planning is used by scientific organizations); and it also contributes to understanding how the construct of post‐normal science is enacted in practice. It does so by including in this practice a longer time horizon with which an extended peer community can assess scientific values.
Construction and evaluation of multidomain attention training to improve alertness attention, sustained attention, and visual‐spatial attention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Hui‐Ling , Chu Hsin , Kao Ching‐Chiu , Miao Nae‐Fang , Chang Pi‐Chen , Tseng Philip , O'Brien Anthony Paul , Chou Kuei‐Ru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to analyze the effects of multidomain attention training on alertness, sustained attention, and visual‐spatial attention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).DesignThe design used in this study was a two‐arm, parallel group, double‐blind randomized controlled trial.Setting and participantsThe participants of the study were seventy‐eight older adults with MCI (mean age: 79.5 ± 7.9 years) from retirement centers and community housing for the elderly.InterventionThe participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (multidomain attention training, n = 39) or an active control group (n = 39). Both groups underwent training sessions for 45 minutes three times per week for 6 weeks (18 sessions in total).MeasuresThe main efficacy indicator was alertness (Trail Making Test Part B), sustained attention (Digit Vigilance Test), and visual‐spatial attention (Trail Making Test Part A). The secondary outcome indicators were other cognitive functions (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] subscales). Measurements were obtained at pretest, posttest, and 3 and 6 months after training.ResultsThe results were analyzed by a generalized estimating equation (GEE), which indicated that attention outcomes (alertness, sustained attention, and visual‐spatial attention) of the experimental group did not improve after training. However, the experimental group displayed a significant improvement in the attention, memory, and orientation of MMSE and MoCA subscales over a period of 6 months and also showed superior results compared with the control group.ConclusionsMultidomain attention training demonstrated improved alertness and visual‐spatial attention for posttest after 6 months. We also outline potential future advances in attention training for improving attention in older adults with MCI.
Acute Liver Failure (ALF) in Pregnancy: How Much Is Pregnancy Related?
Authors: Casey Lisa C. , Fontana Robert J. , Aday Ariel , Nelson David B. , Rule Jody A. , Gottfried Michelle , Tran Minh , Lee William M. ,   for the Acute Liver Failure Study Group
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims
Acute liver failure (ALF), characterized by sudden onset of coagulopathy (international normalized ratio [INR] ≥ 1.5) and encephalopathy, may occur during pregnancy either as a pregnancy‐associated etiology or an unrelated and coincidental liver injury. The U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group, comprised of 33 tertiary care liver centers, has enrolled consecutive patients with ALF or acute liver injury (ALI; INR ≥ 2.0 with no encephalopathy), over two decades.

Approach and Results
Etiologies, clinical features, and outcomes of 70 of 3,155 patients (2.2%) who developed ALF or ALI during pregnancy were reviewed to determine how many were pregnancy associated (pregnancy‐associated liver disease; PAALD) and how many were attributed to other etiologies. Thirty‐five of the 70 were considered PAALD, of whom nearly half were attributed to hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome and half to acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), although, in some instances, the distinction was unclear. Virtually all with PAALD had been delivered before hepatology referral, mostly by cesarean section. Acetaminophen toxicity accounted for 21 (60% of the remaining cases), with the remainder resulting from a variety of other causes, but not including viral hepatitis A through E. Although recovery with delivery or supportive measures was possible in most cases, 11 of 70 (16%) required liver transplantation and 8 (11%) died. Swansea criteria to diagnose AFLP were met by all patients with PAALD and also by virtually all women with other forms of ALF.

Conclusions
Only half of those with ALF during pregnancy appeared to have HELLP or AFLP. Morbidity and mortality for mother and fetus are strongly associated with etiology of liver failure.
Adipose‐derived stem cells and cancer cells fuse to generate cancer stem cell‐like cells with increased tumorigenicity
Authors: Chan Yuk Wah , So Chun , Yau Ka Long , Chiu Kung Chun , Wang Xiya , Chan Franky Leung , Tsang Suk Ying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adipose tissue and have the ability to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Despite their great therapeutic potentials, previous studies showed that ADSCs could enhance the proliferation and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells (BCCs). In this study, we found that ADSCs fused with BCCs spontaneously, while breast cancer stem cell (CSC) markers CD44+CD24‐/lowEpCAM+ were enriched in this fusion population. We further assessed the fusion hybrid by multicolor DNA FISH and mouse xenograft assays. Only single nucleus was observed in the fusion hybrid, confirming that it was a synkaryon. In vivo mouse xenograft assay indicated that the tumorigenic potential of the fusion hybrid was significantly higher than that of the parent tumorigenic triple‐negative BCC line MDA‐MB‐231. We had compared the fusion efficiency between two BCC lines, the CD44‐rich MDA‐MB‐231 and the CD44‐poor MCF‐7, with ADSCs. Interestingly, we found that the fusion efficiency was much higher between MDA‐MB‐231 and ADSCs, suggesting that a potential mechanism of cell fusion may lie in the dissimilarity between these two cell lines. The cell fusion efficiency was hampered by knocking down the CD44. Altogether, our findings suggest that CD44‐mediated cell fusion could be a potential mechanism for generating CSCs.
Knockdown of terminal differentiation induced ncRNA (TINCR) suppresses proliferation and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the miR‐218‐5p/DEAD‐box helicase 5 (DDX5) axis
Authors: Zhao Huibo , Xie Zhantao , Tang Gaofeng , Wei Sidong , Chen Guoyong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTerminal differentiation induced ncRNA (TINCR), a newly identified lncRNA, has been found to be associated with different human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known regarding the pathological mechanisms of TINCR in HCC progression. In this study, we confirmed that TINCR expression was upregulated in HCC tumors and cell lines, and high TINCR expression was associated with larger tumor size, advanced tumor node metastasis stage, and poor prognosis. Functionally, knockdown of TINCR facilitated apoptosis and suppressed viability, colony formation and invasion in Huh7 and Hep3B cells. Mechanically, TINCR functioned as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate DEAD‐box helicase 5 (DDX5) expression through sponging miR‐218‐5p. Moreover, the miR‐218‐5p expression was downregulated and DDX5 expression was upregulated in HCC tumors. The silencing of miR‐218‐5p or ectopic expression of DDX5 abated the tumor‐suppressive effect of TINCR knockdown in vitro. Furthermore, si‐TINCR‐induced inactivation of AKT signaling was rescued by suppression of miR‐218‐5p or overexpression of DDX5. Also, the silencing of TINCR resulted in tumor growth inhibition in vivo. In summary, knockdown of TINCR suppressed HCC progression presumably by inactivation of AKT signaling through targeting the miR‐218‐5p/DDX5 axis, suggesting a novel TINCR/miR‐218‐5p/DDX5 pathway and therapy target for HCC.
Cover Image, Volume 95, Issue 3
Authors: Guo Jianming , Huang Kaixuan , Zhang Shizhong , Xu Yong 
Published: January 2020

The cover image is based on the Original Article Optimization of selective acidolysis pretreatment for the valorization of wheat straw by a combined chemical and enzymatic process by Yong Xu, Jianming Guo, Shizhong Zhang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6251.
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