bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Structured E-Investigation Into the Prevalence and Acceptance of Smartphone Applications by Exercise Professionals
Authors: Bromilow Liam , Stanton Robert , Humphries Brendan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Bromilow, L, Stanton, R, and Humphries, B. A structured e-investigation into the prevalence and acceptance of smartphone applications by exercise professionals. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1330–1339, 2020—The primary purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and acceptance of smartphone applications by exercise professionals when interacting with clients and patients. A 29-item anonymous online survey was designed, containing separate sections on demographics, smartphone proficiency, benefits and barriers to using smartphones, and use of smartphones in a professional setting. Accredited members of the Australian Strength and Conditioning Association, and Exercise and Sports Science Australia received an information sheet through organizational communication channels, inviting them to participate. Two hundred forty-nine exercise professionals completed the survey, with men (71%; n = 176) accounting for most of the respondents. Proficiency using smartphone applications is predominantly-advanced (37%; n = 92), intermediate (33%; n = 82), or expert (14%; n = 35). Identified strategies to find smartphone applications included personal searches (67%; n = 167) and colleague recommendations (55%; n = 137). Reported benefits include fast access to information (67%; n = 167), saves time for record keeping (56%; n = 141), and allows performance tracking (55%; n = 138). Almost all respondents (92%; n = 229) identified barriers, such as inexperience with using particular applications (42%; n = 105). Almost all respondents (96%; n = 239) reported they would recommend smartphone applications to clients and patients, primarily for self-tracking (53%; n = 132). Smartphone use among exercise professionals is prevalent; however, application and sensor technology are reluctantly underused. Increasing acceptance requires embedding within educational curricula, recognition from professional organizations, and collaboration with, to maximize the potential capabilities of smartphone technology within working environments.
Development and Maintenance of Sprint Training Adaptations: An Uphill-Downhill Study
Authors: Bissas Athanassios , Paradisis Giorgos P. , Nicholson Gareth , Walker Josh , Hanley Brian , Havenetidis Konstantinos , Cooke Carlton B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Bissas, A, Paradisis, GP, Nicholson, G, Walker, J, Hanley, B, Havenetidis, K, and Cooke, CB. Development and maintenance of sprint training adaptations: an uphill-downhill study. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 90–98, 2022—We examined the development of performance adaptations resulting from an uphill-downhill training program and monitored the decline of adaptations during detraining. Twenty-eight men were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 sprint training groups who trained 3 times per week for 6 weeks and a control group (C). The uphill-downhill group (U+D) trained on an 80-m platform with 3° slopes, whereas the horizontal (H) group trained on flat track. Subjects were tested for maximal running speed (MRS), associated kinematics, and leg strength before and after training, with U+D subjects also tested after weeks 2 and 4 of training, and after a 3-week detraining period. The U+D group increased their MRS by 3.7% (from 8.75 ± 0.72 to 9.07 ± 0.64 m·s−1, p < 0.05), their stride rate by 3.1% (from 4.21 ± 0.21 to 4.34 ± 0.18 Hz, p < 0.05), and their knee extensors' maximum isometric force by 21% (from 2,242 ± 489 to 2,712 ± 498 N, p < 0.05) after training. The time course of changes showed declines for weeks 1–4 (1.4–5.1%), but an ascending trend of improvement compensated all losses by the end of week 6 (p < 0.05). During detraining, no decreases occurred. No changes were observed for the H and C groups. The minimum period to produce positive effects was 6 weeks, with a very good standard of performance maintained 3 weeks after training. U+D training will prove useful for all athletes requiring fast adaptations, and it can fit into training mesocycles because of its low time demands.
Surface Stiffness and Footwear Affect the Loading Stimulus for Lower Extremity Muscles When Running
Authors: Willwacher Steffen , Fischer Katina M. , Rohr Eric , Trudeau Matthieu B. , Hamill Joseph , Brüggemann Gert-Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Willwacher, S, Fischer, KM, Rohr, E, Trudeau, MB, Hamill, J, and Brüggemann, G-P. Surface stiffness and footwear affect the loading stimulus for lower extremity muscles when running. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 82–89, 2022—Running in minimal footwear or barefoot can improve foot muscle strength. Muscles spanning the foot and ankle joints have the potential to improve performance and to reduce overuse injury risk. Surface stiffness or footwear use could modify the intensity of training stimuli acting on lower extremity joints during running. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate external ankle, knee, and hip joint moments during shod and barefoot running while considering the stiffness of the running surface. Two footwear conditions (barefoot and neutral running shoe) and 4 surface conditions (Tartan, Tartan + Ethylene Vinyl Acetate [EVA] foam, Tartan + artificial turf, Tartan + EVA foam + artificial turf) were tested at 3.5 m·s−1. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that barefoot running in general and running barefoot on harder surfaces increased and decreased ankle (between +5 and +26%) and knee (between 0 and −11%) joint moments, respectively. Averaged over all surfaces, running barefoot was characterized by a 6.8° more plantarflexed foot strike pattern compared with running shod. Foot strike patterns were more plantarflexed on harder surfaces; the effects, however, were less than 3°. Most surface effects were stronger in barefoot compared with shod running. Surface stiffness may be used to modulate the loading intensity of lower extremity muscles (in particular extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles) during running. These results need to be considered when coaches advise barefoot running as a method to improve the strength of extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles or when trying to reduce knee joint loading.
Effect of Equal Volume, High-Repetition Resistance Training to Volitional Fatigue, With Different Workout Frequencies, on Muscle Mass and Neuromuscular Performance in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Grzyb Karolina , Candow Darren G. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Bernat Patrick , Butchart Sara , Neary J. Patrick 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Grzyb, K, Candow, DG, Schoenfeld, BJ, Bernat, P, Butchart, S, and Neary, JP. Effect of equal volume, high-repetition resistance training to volitional fatigue, with different workout frequencies, on muscle mass and neuromuscular performance in postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 31–36, 2022—This study examined the effects of equal volume, high-repetition resistance training (HRRT) performed to volitional fatigue, with different workout frequencies, on muscle mass and neuromuscular performance (strength, endurance) in untrained postmenopausal women. Subjects were randomized to perform HRRT 2 d·wk−1 (HRRT-2; 3 sets of 20–30 repetitions/set for elbow and knee flexion and extension) or 3 d·wk−1 (HRRT-3; 2 sets of 20–30 repetitions/set per exercise) for 8 weeks. Baseline and post-training assessments were made for muscle thickness, strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and endurance (number of repetitions performed at 50% baseline 1RM) for elbow and knee flexor and extensor muscle groups. Significance was set at p < 0.05. There was a significant increase over time for all measures of muscle thickness, strength, and endurance (p < 0.005), with no differences between groups. Untrained postmenopausal women can expect to achieve similar improvements in muscle size, strength, and endurance when training 2 or 3 days per week, provided total weekly training volume is equal.
Piezoelectric Ring-Actuator Technique: In-Depth Scrutiny of Interpretation Method
Authors: Hussien Mahmoud N. , Karray Mourad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The piezoelectric ring-actuator technique (P-RAT) is a recent laboratory technique for the measurement of shear wave velocity (Vs) of soils. The measurement is based on transmission of a mechanical signal through the soil specimen with source and receiver transducers capsulated, for instance, in the end platens of an oedometer cell. An interpretative framework of the signals produced in the P-RAT has also been developed to minimize the subjectivity of the process and provide a consistent approach to Vs determination. However, there are some issues that would potentially affect the quality of the signals; consequently, biases of the velocity determination have not yet been explicitly discussed, such as the effects of sample and sensor characteristics as well as the signals used to excite the P-RAT sensors. P-RAT experiments on two different soils using different sensors, input signals, and oedometer cells are implemented in this study. The main purpose of the tests is not to elicit definitive information about the tested materials but to allow the P-RAT interpretation methodology to be revealed. The results suggest that this interpretation method can be beneficially used with other piezoelectric techniques (e.g., BE).
Editorial
Authors: Robertt Pedro , D'Avila Ana Paula Ferreira , Prates Camila , Lacerda Marcos , Carmo Arielson do , Ferreira Leonardo Tajes , Bento Matheus Lira , Ávila Máximo , Silva Neidiâne Cardoso da , Gonçalves Nicolás 
Published: February 2020

É com satisfação que a Revista Novos Rumos Sociológicos (NORUS), do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia (PPGS) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), em seu décimo segundo número, publica o Dossiê “A generalização da ideia de empresa nas políticas sociais: características e implicações”. O objetivo deste dossiê consiste em promover discussões teóricas e metodológicas que se debruçam sobre a ideia de empresa como referencial normativo que, paulatinamente, vem incidido através de diversas técnicas, sobre as sociedades sejam elas periféricas ou centrais. O modelo de empresa enquanto poder transversal e a reflexão critica sobre as suas consequências e desdobramentos são contemplados no presente dossiê. Essa edição conta ainda com cinco artigos submetidos ao fluxo contínuo, demonstrando que a NORUS vem se consolidando como espaço de interesse de pesquisadores das Ciências Sociais para publicação de suas pesquisas. Estes artigos abordam questões ligadas a temáticas diversas, tais como: A “PEC do Teto” como reafirmação da autocracia burguesa no Brasil; Representação substantiva de gênero e raça no Brasil: análise de casos; Walden, desobediência civil no Brasil e Capitão Fantástico: Uma análise conceitual, fílmica e textual; Os sentidos do ensino de Sociologia: o que dizem egresso/as da licenciatura em Ciências Sociais da UFSC?; Redes, sociedade informacional e internet: os usos políticos do on-line na contemporaneidade a partir da massificação de pós-verdades e de fake news. Por fim, a edição conta com uma resenha intitulada « A emergência dos condenados da terra na América Latina » e escrita por William Héctor Gómez Soto e Sandro Adams, da obra “Los desbordes desde abajo: 1968 en América Latina” de Raúl Zibechi.
Parvalbumin Interneuron Dysfunction in a Thalamo-Prefrontal Cortical Circuit inDisc1Locus Impairment Mice
Authors: Delevich Kristen , Jaaro-Peled Hanna , Penzo Mario , Sawa Akira , Li Bo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAltered cortical excitation-inhibition (E-I) balance resulting from abnormal parvalbumin interneuron (PV IN) function is a proposed pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia and other major psychiatric disorders. Preclinical studies have indicated thatdisrupted-in-schizophrenia-1(Disc1) is a useful molecular lead to address the biology of prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent cognition and PV IN function. To date, PFC inhibitory circuit function has not been investigated in depth inDisc1locus impairment (LI) mouse models. Therefore, we used aDisc1LI mouse model to investigate E-I balance in medial PFC (mPFC) circuits. We found that inhibition onto layer 2/3 excitatory pyramidal neurons in the mPFC was significantly reduced inDisc1LI mice. This reduced inhibition was accompanied by decreased GABA release from local PV, but not somatostatin (SOM) INs, and by impaired feedforward inhibition (FFI) in the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) to mPFC circuit. Our mechanistic findings of abnormal PV IN function in aDisc1LI model provide insight into biology that may be relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia.
Task Errors Drive Memories That Improve Sensorimotor Adaptation
Authors: Leow Li-Ann , Marinovic Welber , de Rugy Aymar , Carroll Timothy J. 
Published: February 2020

Traditional views of sensorimotor adaptation (i.e., adaptation of movements to perturbed sensory feedback) emphasize the role of automatic, implicit correction of sensory prediction errors. However, latent memories formed during sensorimotor adaptation, manifest as improved relearning (e.g., savings), have recently been attributed to strategic corrections of task errors (failures to achieve task goals). To dissociate contributions of task errors and sensory prediction errors to latent sensorimotor memories, we perturbed target locations to remove or enforce task errors during learning and/or test, with male/female human participants. Adaptation improved after learning in all conditions where participants were permitted to correct task errors, and did not improve whenever we prevented correction of task errors. Thus, previous correction of task errors was both necessary and sufficient to improve adaptation. In contrast, a history of sensory prediction errors was neither sufficient nor obligatory for improved adaptation. Limiting movement preparation time showed that the latent memories driven by learning to correct task errors take at least two forms: a time-consuming but flexible component, and a rapidly expressible, inflexible component. The results provide strong support for the idea that movement corrections driven by a failure to successfully achieve movement goals underpin motor memories that manifest as savings. Such persistent memories are not exclusively mediated by time-consuming strategic processes but also comprise a rapidly expressible but inflexible component. The distinct characteristics of these putative processes suggest dissociable underlying mechanisms, and imply that identification of the neural basis for adaptation and savings will require methods that allow such dissociations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLatent motor memories formed during sensorimotor adaptation manifest as improved adaptation when sensorimotor perturbations are reencountered. Conflicting theories suggest that this “savings” is underpinned by different mechanisms, including a memory of successful actions, a memory of errors, or an aiming strategy to correct task errors. Here we show that learning to correct task errors is sufficient to show improved subsequent adaptation with respect to naive performance, even when tested in the absence of task errors. In contrast, a history of sensory prediction errors is neither sufficient nor obligatory for improved adaptation. Finally, we show that latent sensorimotor memories driven by task errors comprise at least two distinct components: a time-consuming, flexible component, and a rapidly expressible, inflexible component.
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ШКОЛЯРІВ У ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ КРАЇНАХ
Authors: Yakovenko A. 
Published: February 2020

Мета статті – аналіз сучасного стану та проблем фізичного виховання школярів у європейських країнах для вироблення стратегії оптимізації фізичного виховання українських шкіл на основі зарубіжного досвіду. Методи дослідження: аналіз, систематизація та узагальнення даних наукової літератури, нормативних документів.
Результати. У статті подано аналіз даних наукової літератури та документальних матеріалів щодо особливостей організації та забезпечення процесу фізичного виховання у загальноосвітніх школах країн Європи. Зроблено порівняльну характеристику відповідності європейського шкільного виховання таким критеріям: наявність законодавчої бази, декларативний та фактичний статус предмету “Фізичне виховання”, кількість уроків на тиждень, освітній рівень вчителів фізичного виховання та інші. Виявлено, що загалом європейські країни мають схожі моделі організації фізичного виховання та спільні цілі і міжнародні стандарти. Визначено, що не всі країни задовольняють державні та міжнародні вимоги щодо забезпечення дітей достатньою руховою активністю, але статус предмету “Фізичне виховання” є обов’язковим у всіх досліджених державах. Крім того, для учнів передбачена участь у позакласній фізичній активності, у Польщі вона є обов’язковою. Однією з найгостріших проблем є кадрове забезпечення процесу. У більшості країн заняття для учнів початкової школи проводять учителі без спеціальної освіти.
Висновки. Для України цінність європейського досвіду полягає у створенні гнучких навчальних планів, національних стандартів фізичного виховання, залученні якомога більшої кількості школярів до фізичної активності, збільшення фінансування галузі за допомогою недержавних коштів тощо
MISUNDERSTANDING OF THE INDONESIAN HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS ON THE APPLICATION OF THE DEATH PENALTY
Authors: Arifin Tajul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis research mainly uses statistical data published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNDDC) in April 2014 to support the hypothesis of this research that “Human Rights Activists in Indonesia as in other countries have failed in comprehending the wisdom (hikmah) of the application of Capital Punishment”. This study found that: (1) the hypothesis of this research was strongly supported by the data; (2) the application of Syari`ah Criminal Law in Saudi Arabia has been an unchallenged proof for the wisdom (hikmah) behind the application of Capital Punishment by keeping the level of murder crime to a low rate which sharply contrast to many countries which apply positive laws which are based on a social contract between the ruler and the ruled, such as in The United States and Mexico; and (3) In upholding the true justice in Islamic Criminal Law, punishment can only be awarded to the criminals in a society where the Islamic ideal of social justice has been achieved. AbstrakPenelitian ini menggunakan data statistik yang diterbitkan oleh United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNDDC) pada bulan April 2014 untuk mendukung hipotesis dari penelitian ini bahwa "Aktivis HAM di Indonesia seperti di negara-negara lain telah gagal dalam memahami hikmah dari penerapan hukuman mati". Studi ini menemukan bahwa: (1) hipotesis penelitian ini sangat didukung oleh data; (2) penerapan Hukum Pidana Syari`ah di Arab Saudi telah menjadi bukti tak terbantahkan untuk menunjukkan hikmah di balik penerapan hukuman mati dengan menjaga tingkat kejahatan pembunuhan pada tingkat yang sangat rendah yang sangat berlawanan dengan yang terjadi di banyak negara yang menerapkan hukum positif yang didasarkan pada kontrak sosial antara penguasa dan rakyat, seperti di Amerika Serikat dan Meksiko; dan (3) dalam menegakkan keadilan sejati dalam Hukum Pidana Islam, hukuman hanya dapat diberikan kepada penjahat dalam masyarakat di mana keadilan sosial yang ideal menurut Islam telah dicapai.
ÇOK ULUSLU ŞİRKETLER, STRATEJİLERİ VE KÜRESELLEŞMEDEKİ ROLLERİ
Authors: ORAN İbrahim Bora 
Published: February 2020

Dünyada küreselleşme sürecinde bir taraftan küreselleşme sistemi sayesinde günümüze kadar görülmemiş kadar başarılı bir performans elde edilecek olan yeni bir dünya düzeni kurulmaya çalışıldığı veya dünyadaki bütün ülkelerin aynı yararlı sonuçlara ulaşacağı iddia edilmektedir. Diğer taraftan küreselleşme sistemi içinde sadece çok uluslu denilen devasa büyüklükteki şirketler ile bu şirketlerin ait oldukları çok gelişmiş ülkelerin ticari olanaklarına yönelik düzenlemelerle ilgili eleştirilerden bahsedilmektedir. Sonuç olarak yaşanmaya başlanan etkiler ortaya çıktıkça gerçek amacın bütün dünyada birleşme ve bütünleşme sağlanmış olduğu açıkça anlaşılmaktadır çünkü ancak çeyrek asır sonra aslında bu sürecin fazla yarar sağlayanları olarak gelişmekte olan ülkeler tarafından bazı açılardan çok önemli yararlar elde edileceği görülmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında küreselleşme sisteminde aslında çok uluslu şirketler tarafından sağlanan olumlu sonuçlar üzerinde küreselleşmenin etkileri ile bu etkiler arasında hangileri üzerinde ülke yönetimlerinden doğan sonuçlar elde edildiği araştırılmaktadır.
Jel Kodları: F6
Kronik hepatit B hastalarında serum HBV DNA düzeyleri, Hbeag durumu, biyokimyasal parametreler ile karaciğer inflamasyonu ve fibrozisin şiddeti arasındaki ilişki
Authors: ALKAN ÇEVİKER Sevil , GÜNAL Özgür , KILIÇ Süleyman Sırrı , KÖKSAL Eda 
Published: February 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kronik hepatit B
tanılı hastalarda serum HBV DNA düzeyleri,Hbeag durumları, biyokimyasal
parametreler ile karaciğer inflamasyonu ve fibrozisin şiddeti arasındaki
ilişkiyi araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kliniğimizde 01.01.2015 ile 01.05.2018
tarihleri arasında kronik hepatit B tanısı ile karaciğer biyopsisi yapılan 231
hasta çalışmaya alındı. Tüm hastalar Hbeag
pozitif ve negatif olma durumuna göre iki gruba ayrıldı. Bu hastalarda
serum HBV-DNA düzeyleri, biyokimyasal parametreler ile karaciğer inflamasyonu
ve fibrozisin şiddeti arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı. Öncesinde tedavi alan veya
HBV-DNA düzeyi &lt;2000 IU/ml olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi.

Bulgular: Çalışma grubunu oluşturan 231
hastanın 129(%55,8)’u erkek, 102(%44,2)’si kadındı ve yaş ortalamaları 42,7±
11,7 idi. Bu hastaların 198 (%85,7)’i AntiHBe pozitif, 33(%14,3)’üHbeag pozitif
idi. Hbeag
pozitif hasta grubunun ortalama HBV-DNA
düzeyi 143.027.706 IU/ml ve Anti HBe
pozitif hasta grubunun ortalama HBV-DNA
düzeyi 14.054.684 IU/ml idi. Hasta gruplarının karaciğer biyopsi sonuçları
ISHAK skorlarına göre karşılaştırıldığında; Fibrozis evresi (p=0,745) ve
Hepatik Aktivite İndeksi (p=0,645)
arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı.

Sonuç:
Sonuç olarak çalışmamızda Hbeag
pozitif hastalarda ALT ve HBV-DNA düzeyleri; anti HBe pozitif hastalarda ise
yaş ortalaması ve bilinen hepatit yılı anlamlı yüksek bulundu. Vakaların antiHBe/
Hbeag durumları ile Fibrozis ve HAİ skorları ile diğer biyokimyasal değerleri
arasında istatistiksel anlamlılık saptanmadı.