bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of NH‐Sulfoximines by Using Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents under Aqueous Micellar Conditions
Authors: Zhang Guocai , Tan Hongsheng , Chen Weichun , Shen Hong C. , Lu Yue , Zheng Changwu , Xu Hongxi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of NH‐sulfoximines from sulfides has been first developed under mild conditions in an aqueous solution with surfactant TPGS‐750‐M as the catalyst at room temperature. In this newly developed process, a simple and convenient recycling strategy to regenerate the indispensable hypervalent iodine(III) is used. The resulting 1,2,3‐trifluoro‐5‐iodobezene can be recovered almost quantitively from the mixture by liquid–liquid extraction and then oxidized to give the corresponding iodine(III) species. This optimized procedure is compatible with a broad range of functional groups and can be easily performed on a gram scale, providing a green protocol for the synthesis of sulfoximines.
Target‐dependent retrograde signaling mediates synaptic plasticity at theDrosophilaneuromuscular junction
Authors: Berke Brett , Le Linh , Keshishian Haig 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeurons that innervate multiple targets often establish synapses with target‐specific strengths, and local forms of synaptic plasticity. We have examined the molecular‐genetic mechanisms that allow a singleDrosophilamotoneuron, the ventral Common Exciter (vCE), to establish connections with target‐specific properties at its various synaptic partners. By driving transgenes in a subset of vCE’s targets, we found that individual target cells are able to independently control the properties of vCE's innervating branch and synapses. This is achieved by means of a trans‐synaptic growth factor secreted by the target cell. At the larval neuromuscular junction, postsynaptic glutamate receptor activity stimulates the release of the BMP4/5/6 homolog Glass bottom boat (Gbb). As larvae mature and motoneuron terminals grow, Gbb activates the R‐Smad transcriptional regulator phosphorylated Mad (pMad) to facilitate presynaptic development. We found that manipulations affecting glutamate receptors or Gbb within subsets of target muscles led to local effects either specific to the manipulated muscle or by a limited gradient within the presynaptic branches. While presynaptic development depends on pMad transcriptional activity within the motoneuron nucleus, we find that the Gbb growth factor may also act locally within presynaptic terminals. Local Gbb signaling and presynaptic pMad accumulation within boutons may therefore participate in a “synaptic tagging” mechanism, to influence synaptic growth and plasticity inDrosophila.
Fog and fauna of the Namib Desert: past and future
Authors: Mitchell Duncan , Henschel Joh R. , Hetem Robyn S. , Wassenaar Theo D. , Strauss W. Maartin , Hanrahan Shirley A. , Seely Mary K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe future of fog‐dependent habitats under climate change is unknown but likely precarious; many have experienced recent declines in fog. Fog‐dependent deserts particularly will be threatened, because, there, fog can be the main water source for biota. We review the interactions between fog and fauna of the Namib Desert, about which there is 50 yr of research. We resynthesize the data, seeking patterns and mechanisms that could provide a framework for predicting outcomes of changes in fog regime in other fog‐dependent deserts. In the Namib, fog constitutes the most‐predictable form of free water. At least 48 Namib animal species consume free water from fog, or are likely to do so, employing both liquid and vapor phase. Fog also sustains plants that form the base for metabolic water production and wets the diet to provide pre‐formed water. So fog provides or underpins all the water intake of Namib fauna. Only a few species are active fog‐harvesters, though. Among Namib beetles, two species are unique in that they fog‐bask; they assume stereotyped postures in wind‐driven fog and droplets deposit on their carapaces. Some Namib beetle species construct surface ridges that trap fog water, which they consume. Some arthropods emerge from their subsurface habitats, or occupy its wet top layers, to access fog water, at times and in conditions outside their usual surface activity. Many more taxa, including vertebrates, use fog water opportunistically. They do not actively seek it out but use it when available. Acquiring fog water from droplets requires overcoming spherical surface tension so is possible only for animals heavier than ~100 mg. Smaller animals extract water from films or acquire it in the vapor phase. Some Namib animals use hygroscopic surfaces to extract vapor from unsaturated air, at ambient humidities attained in fog or sometimes between fogs. Rapid acquisition of water during episodic fog events creates problems for storage and osmoregulation, which some Namib animals have solved in enterprising ways, including long‐term internal storage of water and sequestering of osmolytes. Although not yet comprehensive, the body of research reviewed, and the principles that we have elucidated underlying fog usage, should inform future research on fauna throughout fog‐dependent deserts.
Methamphetamine‐related cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Schwarzbach Valentin , Lenk Karsten , Laufs Ulrich 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsAbuse of crystal methamphetamine (MA) poses a growing problem for health services worldwide. This review summarizes the current literature on the effects of MA on the cardiovascular system.Methods and resultsThis article is a presentation of a case report and review of the current literature. In Europe, especially the eastern countries and the eastern states of Germany are affected. MA increases the concentration of catecholamines in the synaptic gap leading to euphoria, alertness, and hunger suppression as well as psychiatric and gastrointestinal complications. MA consumption is associated with hypertension, acute and chronic myocardial toxicity, stroke, coronary artery disease, and sudden cardiac death. Although many aspects of the underlying pathophysiology remain unknown, catecholamine‐mediated pathologies appear to play an important role. The duration of MA consumption is the most important determinant for the prognosis.ConclusionsAwareness is needed as cardiac complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with MA consumption. Drug abstinence is the mainstay of therapy, cardiac and other complications should be treated according to the respective guidelines. Incompliance to therapy and frequent relapses are the main challenges for successful treatment. Further research is required to improve the understanding of this rapidly increasing cardiomyopathy.
Nanocarbon Materials Modified with the Zinc Complex of Protoporphyrin IX, Recognized Antibiotics in Water Samples
Authors: Stefan‐van Staden Raluca‐Ioana , Mincu Mariana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe complex between protoporphyrin IX and zinc was immobilized on nanocarbon paste and on nanodiamond paste to design two stochastic microsensors. The microsensors were used for the recognition and analysis of antibiotics: amoxicillin, ampicillin, and biotin in water samples. Stochastic sensors provided different signatures for the three antibiotics making possible their simultaneous recognition and assay in water samples. Low limits of determination 0.3 pg/mL for amoxicillin and ampicillin, and 0.21 pg/mL for biotin were obtained when nanocarbon paste was used, and 0.03 pg/mL for amoxicillin, 0.30 pg/mL for ampicillin, and 2.14 fg/mL for biotin were obtained when nanodiamond paste was used. Recoveries higher than 99.32 % with RSD lower than 1.00 % were obtained for the assay of the antibiotics in water samples.
Two‐step method for the construction and start‐up of a fungal–bacterial biofilter for treating gaseous toluene
Authors: Zhai Jian , Jiang Chunhua , Long Chao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, a two‐step method was applied to build and start up a fungal–bacterial biofilter. The reactor was built by controlling pH and adding an antibiotic based on a conventional biofilter. A low pH (5.9) and the addition of chloramphenicol were favorable for the construction of the fungal–bacterial biofilter. The results illustrated that it took only 15 days to complete the start‐up of the fungal–bacterial biofilter. The removal efficiency (RE) and the mineralization rate (MR) were 93.0% and 77.6%, respectively, at a toluene concentration of 1,000 ± 112 mg m−3 and an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 45 s. The new method effectively overcomes the unstable performance and nonuniversality of such a reactor, which was constructed by inoculating a pure fungal culture into a bacterial biofilter. Removal performance comparison and PICRUSt analysis showed that the higher the relative abundance of benzoate degradation‐related genes in activated sludge is, the more suitable the sludge is for inoculation. The increase in toluene MR and the apparent morphology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results of biofilms in the top layer of the fungal–bacterial biofilter suggest that the biofilter performance enhancement can be attributed to the ability of fungi to distribute toluene‐degrading bacteria.
A control volume finite element method for three‐dimensional three‐phase flows
Authors: Xie Zhihua , Pavlidis Dimitrios , Salinas Pablo , Pain Christopher C. , Matar Omar K. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA novel control volume finite element method with adaptive anisotropic unstructured meshes is presented for three‐dimensional three‐phase flows with interfacial tension. The numerical framework consists of a mixed control volume and finite element formulation with a new P1DG‐P2 elements (linear discontinuous velocity between elements and quadratic continuous pressure between elements). A “volume of fluid” type method is used for the interface capturing, which is based on compressive control volume advection and second‐order finite element methods. A force‐balanced continuum surface force model is employed for the interfacial tension on unstructured meshes. The interfacial tension coefficient decomposition method is also used to deal with interfacial tension pairings between different phases. Numerical examples of benchmark tests and the dynamics of three‐dimensional three‐phase rising bubble, and droplet impact are presented. The results are compared with the analytical solutions and previously published experimental data, demonstrating the capability of the present method.
Brain connectivity markers for the identification of effective contacts in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation
Authors: Lin Hai , Na Peng , Zhang Doudou , Liu Jiali , Cai Xiaodong , Li Weiping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe clinical benefit of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) is relevant to the tracts adjacent to the stimulation site, but it remains unclear what connectivity pattern is associated with effective DBS. The aim of this study was to identify clinically effective electrode contacts on the basis of brain connectivity markers derived from diffusion tensor tractography. We reviewed 77 PD patients who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS surgery. The patients were assigned into the training (n = 58) and validation (n = 19) groups. According to the therapeutic window size, all contacts were classified into effective and ineffective groups. The whole‐brain connectivity of each contact's volume of tissue activated was estimated using tractography with preoperative diffusion tensor data. Extracted connectivity features were put into an all‐relevant feature selection procedure within cross‐validation loops, to identify features with significant discriminative power for contact classification. A total of 616 contacts on 154 DBS leads were discriminated, with 388 and 228 contacts being classified as effective and ineffective ones, respectively. After the feature selection, the connectivity of contacts with the thalamus, pallidum, hippocampus, primary motor area, supplementary motor area and superior frontal gyrus was identified to significantly contribute to contact classification. Based on these relevant features, the random forest model constructed from the training group achieved an accuracy of 84.9% in the validation group, to discriminate effective contacts from the ineffective. Our findings advanced the understanding of the specific brain connectivity patterns associated with clinical effective electrode contacts, which potentially guided postoperative DBS programming.
Graphene oxide‐based two‐dimensional molecular brush for efficient removal of lead and copper ions from water media
Authors: Dong Yanjie , Sang Dashen , He Chengdong , Sheng Xinfeng , Lei Longwen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, graphene oxide (GO)‐based two‐dimensional molecular brush was fabricated by grafting polyacrylamide onto GO nanosheets for efficient removal of Pb2+ and Cu2+ from water media. Owing to the rich oxygen and nitrogen functional groups in the composites, the synthetic GO two‐dimensional molecular brush can get the maximum adsorption capacity of 268.4 mg/g for Pb2+ and 127.2 mg/g for Cu2+, respectively. Moreover, the interspaces between the stacked two‐dimensional molecular brushes provide fast pathways for the diffusion of heavy metal ions. As a result, GO‐based two‐dimensional molecular brush can reach the adsorption equilibrium within 60 min. These results indicated that the synthetic GO‐based two‐dimensional molecular brush is a promising adsorbent to separate heavy metal ions from water media.
The modern‐day Odysseus: How mental health providers can better reintegrate modern warriors and mitigate suicide risk
Authors: Geraci Joseph , Murray Christopher , Kapil‐Pair K. Nidhi , Herrera Shaynna , Sokol Yosef , Cary Julianne , Landa Yulia , Goodman Marianne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring their return from combat, warriors from Greek mythology and Native American traditions received the support of “helpers” to guide the reintegration back into their communities or tribes. While the military provides our modern warriors (MWs), similar helpers, during their departure from their hometown and during their initiation into the military, there is a dearth of comparable help when MWs reintegrate back into their hometowns. We strive to assist mental health providers to serve as such helpers for MWs to shape their reintegration environment, enable MWs to meet their unique needs after exiting the military, ameliorate the MW suicide epidemic, and facilitate MWs to continue their next “mission” to serve and improve society with a newly forged MW identity, wisdom, and sense of purpose.
Botswana's HIV response: Policies, context, and future directions
Authors: Ramogola‐Masire Doreen , Poku Ohemaa , Mazhani Loeto , Ndwapi Ndwapi , Misra Supriya , Arscott‐Mills Tonya , Blank Lilo , Ho‐Foster Ari , Becker Timothy D. , Yang Lawrence 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis brief report describes key periods in the history of the national public health response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Botswana. It reveals the context leading to the development of HIV policies presently in place and current challenges that remain. The report concludes with opportunities for future directions, initiatives, and policy changes to reduce the high rates of HIV.
Translating evidence‐based parenting programs for primary care: Stakeholder recommendations for sustainable implementation
Authors: Berkel Cady , Rudo‐Stern Jenna , Abraczinskas Michelle , Wilson Charlton , Lokey Farah , Flanigan Emily , Villamar Juan A. , Dishion Thomas J. , Smith J. D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsTo translate evidence‐based programs (EBP) for a new setting, attention must be given to the characteristics of the intervention and the local setting, as well as evidence that is compelling to decision‐makers. This paper describes the history of a partnership and stakeholder recommendations to inform the adaptation of an EBP for primary care.MethodsWe established a community advisory board (CAB) consisting of stakeholders with expertize in primary care delivery. A thematic analysis was conducted with fieldnotes and transcriptions from CAB meetings and regular meetings with participating clinics.ResultsWe found that (a) parenting programs with a focus on behavioral and physical health are appropriate for this setting, (b) variability in the structure of primary care means implementation must be tailorable, and (c) financial and organizational outcomes are compelling for decision‐makers.ConclusionFactors related to the content and structure of evidence‐based programs are uniquely related to distinct implementation outcomes of interest to key stakeholders.
The role of Hippo signaling pathway and mechanotransduction in tuning embryoid body formation and differentiation
Authors: Barzegari Abolfazl , Gueguen Virginie , Omidi Yadollah , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Nouri Mohammad , Pavon‐Djavid Graciela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEmbryoid bodies (EBs) are the three‐dimensional aggregates of pluripotent stem cells that are used as a model system for the in vitro differentiation. EBs mimic the early stages of embryogenesis and are considered as a potential biomimetic body in tuning the stem cell fate. Although EBs have a spheroid shape, they are not formed accidentally by the agglomeration of cells; they are formed by the deliberate and programmed aggregation of stem cells in a complex topological and biophysical microstructure instead. EBs could be programmed to promisingly differentiate into the desired germ layers with specific cell lineages, in response to intra‐ and extra‐biochemical and biomechanical signals. Hippo signaling and mechanotransduction are the key pathways in controlling the formation and differentiation of EBs. The activity of the Hippo pathway strongly relies on cell–cell junctions, cell polarity, cellular architecture, cellular metabolism, and mechanical cues in the surrounding microenvironment. Although the Hippo pathway was initially thought to limit the size of the organ by inhibiting the proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis, the evidence suggests that this pathway even regulates stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation. Considering the abovementioned explanations, the present study investigated the interplay of the Hippo signaling pathway, mechanotransduction, differentiation, and proliferation pathways to draw the molecular network involved in the control of EBs fate. In addition, this study highlighted several neglected critical parameters regarding EB formation, in the interplay with the Hippo core component involved in the promising differentiation.
LINC01410 promotes cell proliferation and migration of cholangiocarcinoma through modulating miR‐124‐3p/SMAD5 axis
Authors: Jiang Tao , Wang Chunlin , Zhu Yunxie , Han Huaxin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is generally associated with high incidence and poor prognosis. Nowadays, increasing experimental data demonstrate that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an indispensable role in tumor occurrence. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of lncRNA is not clear in CCA.MethodsThe relative expressions of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were detected by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). CCK8 and colony formation assays were applied to examine cell proliferation ability in CCA. Transwell assay was conducted to measure the migration and invasion capabilities of CCA cells. Nuclear and cytoplasmic separation assay was implemented to figure out the location of LINC01410. Luciferase reporter assay, RIP and RNA pull‐down assays were applied to certify the molecular bindings. Western blot was applied to detect the protein level.ResultsThe high expression of LINC01410 was proved in CCA tissues and CCA cell lines. Also, CCA patients with high LINC01410 level presented poor prognosis. LINC01410 deficiency impeded cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HuCCT1 and RBE cell lines. What's more, LINC01410 interacted with miR‐124‐3p. Meanwhile, SMAD5 targeted and inhibited by miR‐124‐3p. SMAD5 expression was enhanced by LINC01410.ConclusionLINC01410 facilitates cell proliferation, migration and invasion through miR‐124‐3p/SMAD5 axis.
Regional Myocardial Remodeling Characteristics Correlates With Cardiac Events in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Lu Chenying , Chen Jian , Suksaranjit Promporn , Menda Yusuf , Adhaduk Mehul , Jayanna Manju B. , Scalzetti Ernest , Ji Jiansong , Wei Tiemin , Feiglin David , Liu Kan 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe poor prognosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) underscores the need for risk stratification.PurposeTo investigate the prognostic significance of ventricular/myocardial remodeling features in sarcoidosis.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 132 biopsy‐proven sarcoidosis patients imaged from 2008 to 2018. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac mortality, new onset arrhythmias, hospitalization for heart failure, and device implantation.Field Strength/SequenceNo field strength or sequence restrictions.AssessmentGlobal and regional ventricular/myocardial remodeling features were assessed by standard volumetric measurements and automated function imaging postprocessing analysis.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test or Mann–Whitney test (chi2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables) were used for comparisons. Cox‐proportional hazards regression model, univariate /multivariate analyses, and receiver operating characteristic were performed to relate clinical/lab data, imaging parameters to the endpoints.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 40.7 (interquartile range 18.8–60.5) months, 41 (31.1%) patients developed adverse cardiac events. Abnormal left ventricular (LV) geometric remodeling alterations (measured by LV mass index and relative wall thickness) occurred 3.66‐fold more frequently in patients with endpoints than patients without. The ratio of patients with endpoints increased as ventricular remodeling phenotype progressed. In patients with endpoints, regional myocardial wall thickness (RMWT) was significantly (P = 0.022) increased in six clustered LV segments located in the middle interventricular septum and basal/middle anterolateral walls. In all of the abnormal ventricular remodeling stages, patients with endpoints constantly had higher mean RMWT than those without. Among clinical, electrocardiographic, and imaging parameters, LV mass index (hazard ratio [HR] 1.010 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.002–1.018, P = 0.017) and mean RMWT (HR 3.482 95% CI 1.679–7.223, P = 0.001) were independently associated with endpoints. Sarcoidosis patients without this RMWT distribution pattern were significantly (P < 0.001) more likely to be free of the occurrence of subsequent cardiac events.Data ConclusionRegional myocardial remodeling characteristics are associated with subsequent adverse cardiac events in sarcoidosis.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:499–509.
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications in Neuroimaging
Authors: Vinayagamani Selvadasan , Sheelakumari R , Sabarish Sekar , Senthilvelan Santhakumar , Ros Roopa , Thomas Bejoy , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan 
Published: January 2020

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for quantifying the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility within an object or tissue. Recently, QSM has been widely used to study various dominant magnetic susceptibility sources in the brain, including iron and calcium. In addition, the method enables mapping of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, which could act as a new metabolic biomarker for diseases that involve disruption of the brain's oxygen supply. Thus, the clinical applications of QSM are wide‐reaching and hold great promise as imaging biomarkers for studying several neurological diseases. This review aims to summarize the physical concepts and potential clinical applications of QSM in neuroimaging.Evidence Level5Technical EfficacyStage 2