bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose (Nata de coco) from Lychee
Authors: Nimitkeatkai H , Fong-in S , Potaros T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bacterial cellulose or Nata de coco is the polysaccharide produced from Acetobacter xylinum grown in coconut water. This research was investigated the possibility to obtain bacterial cellulose from lychee. The optimum ratio of lychee juice and coconut water and sugar concentrations needed for producing bacterial cellulose were studied. The ratio of lychee juice to coconut water was set to 0:1 (control), 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 1:0 with 10% A. xylinum starter culture and 12% sugar. The results showed that optimized ratio of lychee juice to coconut water was 2:1 which thickness and firmness were 1.2+0.2 centimeter and 284.9+15.6 N, respectively. The bacterial cellulose from lychee contained 98.44% moisture content, 0.53% ash and 2.62% fiber with average overall liking scores at moderate level. When compared the addition of sucrose into the medium at 10% and 12% for bacterial cellulose production. Results showed no correlation between the thickness and sugar used. This research demonstrated that lychee juice mixed with coconut water at 2:1, with 10% A. xylinum starter culture and 10% sugar, potentially produce the bacterial cellulose.
Application of Various Species of Trichoderma spp. in Composting Cocoa Pod Husk Contaminated Phytophthora palmivora
Authors: Angraeni L , Sriwati R , Susanna  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cocoa is one of the most important commodities in Indonesia. Cocoa pod is usually wasted and can be the source of Phytophthora palmivora inoculum, causes cocoa pod rot. Trichoderma spp. is known in supressing the development of P. palmivora. The objectives of this study were to investigate the ability of various species of Trichoderma spp. in composting cocoa pod husk and its ability to supress the development of P. palmivora contaminated on cocoa pod husk. The chopped cocoa pod husk was mixed with manure in a ratio of 2:1. A total of 2 g/kg of Trichoderma spp. culture was suspended in 350 ml of distilled water. This suspension was then poured into compost material and stirred until mixed. The composting material was put into black plastic bag as composting container. This study consisted of five treatments, T0 (Control), T1 (T. harzianum), T2 (T. virens), T3 (T. asperellum) and T4 (T. longibrachiatum). The composts organoleptic was tested based on compost organoleptic criteria, including color, odor and texture. The ability of Trichoderma spp. in colonizing cocoa pod husk compost was detected by re-isolating Trichoderma spp. from compost to be grown on Corn Meal Agar (CMA) media. The ability of Trichoderma spp. in eliminating P. palmivora was detected by isolating P. palmivora from compost to be grown on V8 PARP media. Results showed that the application of T. harzianum, T. virens dan T. asperellum in composting cocoa pod husk was able to produce compost with higher organoleptic quality compare to Control and T. longibrachiatum. The isolation of P. palmivora from compost did not show the presence of P. palmivora survived in compost after the composting process was complete. However, re-isolation of Trichoderma spp. from compost also showed that Trichoderma spp. applied was unable to survive in the compost materials.
Technical Analysis of Liquid Sugar Production Process of Raw Sago Starch Using the Enzymatic Hydrolisis Method of Pilot Plant Scale
Authors: Rika P G , Maryam  , Dewi H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Indonesia has the potential for sago around 50% of the world sago production but has not been used optimally. Technologically, the process of making liquid sugar from sago starch has been developed. Therefore, further research to improve the color quality of liquid sugar is needed. The research objective is to conduct a technical study of liquid sugar production process made from raw sago starch by doing purification treatment using activated charcoal and ion-exchange resin. The liquid sugar production process of raw sagu starch using hydrolysis method is in the condition of the ratio of starch to water is 1:4, the liquidation process is at the temperature of 90°C for 90 minutes with the addition of enzyme α-amylase 1.2 mL kg−1 of starch with pH of 5. Saccharification process is at the temperature of 50 °C for 72 hours with the addition of enzyme glucoamylase 1.2 mL kg−1 starch with pH of 4.5. Purification by ion-exchange resin and evaporation by a vacuum evaporator are at 80° C for 90 minutes with pressure of 0.4 atm. Technically, the technology of liquid sugar production process using the enzymatic hydrolysis method could be developed for the pilot plant and industrial scale.
Analysis of Value Chain and Market Structure of Nutmeg Marketing in South Aceh District
Authors: Jelliani  , Raidayani  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research aims to analyze the value chain activities in nutmeg commodity and see how the market structure that occurs in nutmeg marketing in South Aceh Regency. The research method uses a survey method by sampling farmers with a simple random sampling while the level of marketing institutions with snowball sampling techniques. Based on the research results, it is known that the actors involved in the nutmeg commodity value chain are farmers, village collectors, sub-district traders, refiners, home industries, banks, agricultural extension centers and plantation offices. While the market structure formed is the Oligopsoni market structure.
Source of Farmers Income in the Sustainable Palm Oil Replanting in Riau Province
Authors: Siswati L , Nizar R , Insusanty E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Riau Province is very identical with oil palm because almost all Regencies and Cities grow oil palm both owned by large companies, national companies and smallholder plantations. Oil palm plantations need to be sustainable because they can be a source of foreign exchange and a source of income for farmers. Oil palm production is a product raw material for other products such as cooking oil, butter and others. This study aims to find sources of income for farmers in the replanting period of oil palm for business and production sustainability. This study uses a survey method, sampling by purposive sampling, the sample is farmers who carry out integrated farming during replanting palm oil. the data obtained is used to calculate integrated farming income. Primary data obtained directly from farmers and secondary data obtained from agencies and agencies related to this study. Analysis is done by calculating the source of farmers' income. Integrated agriculture can provide solutions to farmers' income sources during the replanting period of oil palm for business sustainability.
Analysis of Business Development Strategies with Business Model Canvas Approach
Authors: Mustaniroh S A , Prabaningtias N , Citraresmi A D P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fruit processing industry is one of the food-based industries in Indonesia that has the potential to be developed. One of the potential fruit-based products is the development of regional superior products, including local apples in the Batu City area. SMEs processing industry sector in Batu City has prospective opportunities to be developed as a producer of regional superior products into a variety of souvenir products typical of Batu City such as apple pia, apple pie and apple brownies. The objective of the research is to identify the business model in SMEs and building the alternative business development strategies. The object of research is SMEs Permata Agro Mandiri in Batu City, East Java. The research approach and method used are business model canvas approach and SWOT analysis. The results showed that nine BMC elements are show the business model run by Permata Agro Mandiri. Based on the SWOT analysis of nine BMC elements, the strength of these SMEs in running business model was in the ownership of product standardization and production processes certificates, weaknesses with the greatest influence were limited machine capacity and human resources skills, potential opportunities is increasing the number of tourist in Kota Batu, and the biggest threat is business customer satisfaction and loyalty affects the sale of products. The alternative business development strategies are prepared, improving marketing strategies (SO-1), developing tourism and educational services (SO-2), optimizing social media and e-commerce as online marketing media (WO-1), conducted of training and development human resources activities (WO-2), positioning (ST), educating and introducing the brand (WT).
Application of MDAG from Fully Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil on Making of Icing Sugar and Cake
Authors: Mursalin M , Sahrial S , Yernisa Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Emulsifier which has aeration capability is needed in making icing sugar and cake. The aeration capability of MDAG derived from fully hydrogenated palm kernel oil which was produced by glycerolysis (furthermore in this paper we named it as MDAG) was compared to the three types of commercial emulsifiers, namely CMC, Tween-80, and ryoto ester (SP). The parameters observed were specific gravity values (for icing sugar), volume increasing and texture (for cakes). The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications, the data obtained were analysis by ANOVA and further tests with Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that MDAG had better aeration capabilities than CMC and Tween-80, and slightly lower than SP. The specific gravity of icing sugar made with no emulsifier, Tween-80, MDAG and SP were 0.76; 0.58; 0.56; and 0.38 gr/cm3, respectively. MDAG's aeration capability in cake making was also quite good. The increasing volume of cake was greater than CMC and Tween-80, and slightly lower than SP. Cake texture was more compact, not too porous, and more tender.
When Is a Complete-Case Approach to Missing Data Valid? The Importance of Effect-Measure Modification
Authors: Ross Rachael K , Breskin Alexander , Westreich Daniel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
When estimating causal effects, careful handling of missing data is needed to avoid bias. Complete-case analysis is commonly used in epidemiologic analyses. Previous work has shown that covariate-stratified effect estimates from complete-case analysis are unbiased when missingness is independent of the outcome conditional on the exposure and covariates. Here, we assess the bias of complete-case analysis for adjusted marginal effects when confounding is present under various causal structures of missing data. We show that estimation of the marginal risk difference requires an unbiased estimate of the unconditional joint distribution of confounders and any other covariates required for conditional independence of missingness and outcome. The dependence of missing data on these covariates must be considered to obtain a valid estimate of the covariate distribution. If none of these covariates are effect-measure modifiers on the absolute scale, however, the marginal risk difference will equal the stratified risk differences and the complete-case analysis will be unbiased when the stratified effect estimates are unbiased. Estimation of unbiased marginal effects in complete-case analysis therefore requires close consideration of causal structure and effect-measure modification.
Microbes and complex diseases: from experimental results to computational models
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Chun-Chun , Chen Xing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudies have shown that the number of microbes in humans is almost 10 times that of cells. These microbes have been proven to play an important role in a variety of physiological processes, such as enhancing immunity, improving the digestion of gastrointestinal tract and strengthening metabolic function. In addition, in recent years, more and more research results have indicated that there are close relationships between the emergence of the human noncommunicable diseases and microbes, which provides a novel insight for us to further understand the pathogenesis of the diseases. An in-depth study about the relationships between diseases and microbes will not only contribute to exploring new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases but also significantly heighten the efficiency of new drugs development. However, applying the methods of biological experimentation to reveal the microbe-disease associations is costly and inefficient. In recent years, more and more researchers have constructed multiple computational models to predict microbes that are potentially associated with diseases. Here, we start with a brief introduction of microbes and databases as well as web servers related to them. Then, we mainly introduce four kinds of computational models, including score function-based models, network algorithm-based models, machine learning-based models and experimental analysis-based models. Finally, we summarize the advantages as well as disadvantages of them and set the direction for the future work of revealing microbe–disease associations based on computational models. We firmly believe that computational models are expected to be important tools in large-scale predictions of disease-related microbes.
RSSALib: a library for stochastic simulation of complex biochemical reactions
Authors: Thanh Vo Hong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Stochastic chemical kinetics is an essential mathematical framework for investigating the dynamics of biological processes, especially when stochasticity plays a vital role in their development. Simulation is often the only option for the analysis of many practical models due to their analytical intractability.

Results
We present in this article, the simulation library RSSALib, implementing our recently developed rejection-based stochastic simulation algorithm (RSSA) and a wide range of its improvements, to accelerate the simulation and analysis of biochemical reactions. RSSALib supports reactions with complex kinetics and time delays, necessary to model complexities of reaction mechanisms. Our library provides both an application program interface and a graphic user interface to ease the set-up and visualization of the simulation results.

Availability and implementation
RSSALib is freely available at: https://github.com/vo-hong-thanh/rssalib.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The rapid transformation of cardiac surgery practice in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: insights and clinical strategies from a centre at the epicentre
Authors: George Isaac , Salna Michael , Kobsa Serge , Deroo Scott , Kriegel Jacob , Blitzer David , Shea Nicholas J , Shea  , D’Angelo Alex , Raza Tasnim , Kurlansky Paul , Takeda Koji , Takayama Hiroo , Bapat Vinayak , Naka Yoshifumi , Smith Craig R , Bacha Emile , Argenziano Michael , Argenziano  
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced our cardiac surgery programme and hospital to enact drastic measures that has forced us to change how we care for cardiac surgery patients, assist with COVID-19 care and enable support for the hospital in terms of physical resources, providers and resident training.

METHODS
In this review, we review the cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 and describe our system-wide adaptations to the pandemic, including the use of telemedicine, how a severe reduction in operative volume affected our programme, the process of redeployment of staff, repurposing of residents into specific task teams, the creation of operation room intensive care units, and the challenges that we faced in this process.

RESULTS
We offer a revised set of definitions of surgical priority during this pandemic and how this was applied to our system, followed by specific considerations in coronary/valve, aortic, heart failure and transplant surgery. Finally, we outline a path forward for cardiac surgery for the near future.

CONCLUSIONS
We recognize that individual programmes around the world will eventually face COVID-19 with varying levels of infection burden and different resources, and we hope this document can assist programmes to plan for the future.
Impact of paravalvular regurgitation on the mid-term outcome after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Laakso Teemu , Laine Mika , Moriyama Noriaki , Dahlbacka Sebastian , Airaksinen Juhani , Virtanen Marko , Husso Annastiina , Tauriainen Tuomas , Niemelä Matti , Mäkikallio Timo , Valtola Antti , Eskola Markku , Juvonen Tatu , Biancari Fausto , Raivio Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and prognostic impact of paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) on the outcome after transcatheter (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for aortic stenosis.

METHODS
The nationwide FinnValve registry included data on 6463 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR (n = 2130) or SAVR (n = 4333) with a bioprosthesis for the treatment of aortic stenosis during 2008–2017. The impact of PVR at discharge after TAVR and SAVR on 4-year mortality was herein investigated.

RESULTS
The rate of mild PVR was 21.7% after TAVR and 5.2% after SAVR. The rate of moderate-to-severe PVR was 3.7% after TAVR and 0.7% after SAVR. After TAVR, 4-year survival was 69.0% in patients with none-to-trace PVR, 54.2% with mild PVR [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–1.99] and 48.9% with moderate-to-severe PVR (adjusted HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.10–2.35). Freedom from PVR-related reinterventions was 100% for none-to-mild PVR and 95.2% for moderate-to-severe PVR. After SAVR, mild PVR (4-year survival 78.9%; adjusted HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.93–1.78) and moderate-to-severe PVR (4-year survival 67.8%; adjusted HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.72–2.58) were associated with worse 4-year survival compared to none-to-trace PVR (4-year survival 83.7%), but the difference did not reach statistical significance in multivariable analysis. Freedom from PVR-related reinterventions was 99.5% for none-to-trace PVR patients, 97.9% for mild PVR patients and 77.0% for moderate-to-severe PVR patients.

CONCLUSIONS
This multicentre study showed that both mild and moderate-to-severe PVR were independent predictors of worse survival after TAVR. Mild and moderate-to-severe PVR are not frequent after SAVR, but tend to decrease survival also in these patients.

Clinical trial registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03385915.
ELF with EFL: what is still needed for this integration to happen?
Authors: Siqueira Sávio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Although a significant number of practitioners are being progressively exposed to English as a lingua franca (ELF) research findings and developments, we still face the challenge of bringing ELF into the ELT classroom in a more systematic way and on a regular basis. It is a fact that once EFL learners move into contexts of use outside the classroom, they naturally become ELF users. To respond to this reality, ELF and EFL need to work together in such a way that the classroom reflects as much as possible what students have to deal with when using English to interact with interlocutors from different linguacultural backgrounds. Under a decolonizing perspective, the article seeks to discuss the feasibility and relevance of this integration, illustrating in practice how an ELF–EFL dialogue can emerge in ELT materials.
Genome sequence analysis of the temperate bacteriophage TBP2 of the solvent producerClostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicumN1-4 (HMT, ATCC 27021)
Authors: Schüler Miriam A , Stegmann Benjamin A , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf , Dürre Peter 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe genus Clostridium consists of a diverse group of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. The non-pathogenic clostridia contain several solventogenic members of industrial importance, such as Clostridium acetobutylicum or C. beijerinckii. In the process of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation, these strains are used in large scale fermentation plants since almost 100 years. Soon after establishment of the first plants, the fermentation processes suffered from different bacteriophage infections worldwide. A limited set of studies addressing bacteriophages in solventogenic clostridia have been conducted since then. In this study, we present the genome sequence of the temperate bacteriophage TBP2 of the solventogenic strain C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (HMT) that is used for ABE fermentation. The phage genome consists of 38 039 bp and includes 48 open reading frames. Sequence analysis indicates that the genome encloses random parts of the bacterial genome in addition to its own DNA. It represents the first fully sequenced genome of a temperate bacteriophage infecting solventogenic clostridia.
Survival outcomes following laparoscopic vs open surgery for non-metastatic rectal cancer: a two-center cohort study with propensity score matching
Authors: Tan Kang-Lian , Deng Hai-Jun , Chen Zhi-Qiang , Mou Ting-Yu , Liu Hao , Xie Run-Sheng , Liang Xue-Min , Fan Xiao-Hua , Li Guo-Xin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:?&gt;
Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer is commonly performed in China. However, compared with open surgery, the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery, especially the long-term survival, has not been sufficiently proved.

Methods:?&gt;
Data of eligible patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer at Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine between 2012 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Long-term survival outcomes and short-term surgical safety were analysed with propensity score matching between groups.

Results
Of 430 cases collated from two institutes, 103 matched pairs were analysed after propensity score matching. The estimated blood loss during laparoscopic surgery was significantly less than that during open surgery (P = 0.019) and the operative time and hospital stay were shorter in the laparoscopic group (both P &lt; 0.001). The post-operative complications rate was 9.7% in the laparoscopic group and 10.7% in the open group (P = 0.818). No significant difference was observed between the laparoscopic group and the open group in the 5-year overall survival rate (75.7% vs 80.6%, P = 0.346), 5-year relapse-free survival rate (74.8% vs 76.7%, P = 0.527), or 5-year cancer-specific survival rate (79.6% vs 87.4%, P = 0.219). An elevated carcinoembryonic antigen, &lt;12 harvested lymph nodes, and perineural invasion were independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival and relapse-free survival.

Conclusions:?&gt;
Our findings suggest that open surgery should still be the priority recommendation, but laparoscopic surgery is also an acceptable treatment for non-metastatic rectal cancer.