bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of temperature and potential range on Zn-Ni deposition properties formed by cyclic voltammetry electrodeposition in chloride bath solution
Authors: Beheshti Mohammadali , Ismail Mokhtar Che , Kakooei Saeid , Shahrestani Shohreh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the study of electrodeposition process by cyclic voltammetry for Zn-Ni bimetallic coating on the X52 carbon steel substrate. Prior to the deposition at the bath temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, and 60°C, investigations were carried out to find the optimum potential range for zinc-nickel coatings with respect to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was used for surface morphology and elemental composition studies. The corrosion rate of the deposits was studied using the linear polarization resistance (LPR) method by immersing the samples (with and without coating) into 3.5% NaCl solution for 24 h. SEM and EDX results showed that the bath temperature has affected the formation of the microstructures and composition of coating. In addition, micro-cracks, nickel content, mobility of ions and compactness of microstructure increased by raising the bath temperature used for electrodeposition. The corrosion rate obtained from the LPR method can be correlated with the SEM/EDX analysis. The coating deposited at the temperature of 60°C including more content of nickel and micro-cracks led to lower corrosion resistance compared to the coating deposited at the bath solution temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, and non-coated X52 steel. Based on the results, the Zn-Ni coating deposited on the X52 steel substrate in the bath solution at 40°C presented the best performance due to more suitable achievements of microstructure compaction, composition, microcracks, and corrosion resistance observations.
Curved Rickard complexes and link homologies
Authors: Cautis Sabin , Lauda Aaron D. , Sussan Joshua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rickard complexes in the context of categorified quantum groups can be used to construct braid group actions. We define and study certain natural deformations of these complexes which we call curved Rickard complexes. One application is to obtain deformations of link homologies which generalize those of Batson–Seed [3] [J. Batson and C. Seed, A link-splitting spectral sequence in Khovanov homology,
Duke Math. J. 164 2015, 5, 801–841] and Gorsky–Hogancamp [E. Gorsky and M. Hogancamp, Hilbert schemes and y-ification of Khovanov–Rozansky homology,
preprint 2017] to arbitrary representations/partitions. Another is to relate the deformed homology defined algebro-geometrically in [S. Cautis and J. Kamnitzer,
Knot homology via derived categories of coherent sheaves IV, colored links,
Quantum Topol. 8 2017, 2, 381–411] to categorified quantum groups (this was the original motivation for this paper).
Necessary conditions of applicability of Gaussian elimination to systems of equations over quasigroups
Authors: Polin Sergey V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPreviously, in the process of investigating systems of equations over the given family 𝔖 of quasigroup operations, the author proved the following fact: applicability of Gaussian elimination to the systems considered requires that generalized distributivity and transitivity identities hold for the operations from 𝔖. The present paper describes all sets of operations that satisfy these identities. The result obtained allows one to conclude that Gaussian elimination is applicable only if the system of equations is linear or may be reduced to a linear system.
Limit theorems for some classes of power series type distributions
Authors: Timashev Aleksandr N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral classes of distributions of power series type with finite and infinite radii of convergence are considered. For such distributions local limit theorems are obtained as the parameter of distribution tends to the right end of the interval of convergence. For the case when the convergence radius equals to 1, we prove an integral limit theorem on the convergence of distributions of random variables (1 − x)ξxas x → 1− to the gamma-distribution (ξx is a random variable with corresponding distribution of the power series type). The proofs are based on the steepest descent method.
Envelopes of circles and spacelike curves in the Lorentz–Minkowski 3-space
Authors: Pacheco Rui , Santos Susana D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The isotropy projection establishes a correspondence between curves in the Lorentz–Minkowski space

𝐄
1
3

{\mathbf{E}_{1}^{3}}

and families of cycles in the Euclidean plane (i.e., curves in the Laguerre plane

ℒ
2

{\mathcal{L}^{2}}

). In this paper, we shall
give necessary and sufficient conditions for two given families of cycles to be related by a (extended) Laguerre transformation in terms of the well known Lorentzian invariants for smooth curves in

𝐄
1
3

{\mathbf{E}_{1}^{3}}

. We shall discuss the causal character of the second derivative of unit speed spacelike curves in

𝐄
1
3

{\mathbf{E}_{1}^{3}}

in terms of the geometry of the corresponding families of oriented circles and their envelopes. Several families of circles whose envelopes are well-known plane curves are investigated and their Laguerre invariants computed.
Free division rings of fractions of crossed products of groups with Conradian left-orders
Authors: Gräter Joachim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Let D be a division ring of fractions of a crossed product

F
⁢

[
G
,
η
,
α
]

{F[G,\eta,\alpha]}

, where F is a skew field
and G is a group with Conradian left-order

≤

{\leq}

. For D we introduce the notion of freeness with
respect to

≤

{\leq}

and show that D is free in this sense if and only if D can canonically be embedded
into the endomorphism ring of the right F-vector space

F
⁢

(

(
G
)

)

{F((G))}

of all formal power series in G over
F with respect to

≤

{\leq}

. From this we obtain that all division rings of fractions of

F
⁢

[
G
,
η
,
α
]

{F[G,\eta,\alpha]}

which are free with respect to at least one Conradian left-order of G are isomorphic and that they are
free with respect to any Conradian left-order of G. Moreover,

F
⁢

[
G
,
η
,
α
]

{F[G,\eta,\alpha]}

possesses a division
ring of fraction which is free in this sense if and only if the rational closure of

F
⁢

[
G
,
η
,
α
]

{F[G,\eta,\alpha]}

in
the endomorphism ring of the corresponding right F-vector space

F
⁢

(

(
G
)

)

{F((G))}

is a skew field.
Assessment the studies on the concept of Mizaj (temperament) in Persian Medicine
Authors: Akhtari Marjan , Moeini Reihaneh , Mojahedi Morteza , Gorji Narjes 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Mizaj or temperament is a main concept in Persian Medicine (PM), which the process of diagnosis, treatment and preventive prescriptions are developed based on it. In this study, the articles written on the concept of Mizaj were reviewed.

Method
Credited electronic resources, including Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and web-of-science were searched using keywords Temperament, Mizaj, Mizadj, Midzaj and Mezaj (with the concept of Mizaj in Persian and/or Greek medicine). Search results were limited to English articles, published in 1995–2017. The articles in which temperament had the psychoanalytic aspect or was based on Ayurveda or Chinese/Korean medicine were removed. A team of four PM experts evaluated the method and the results.

Results
Among the total of 32 articles were published in this field, 14 were review articles, 2 were on animal subject, 14 were on human subject and 2 were surveys for designing questionnaire for people’s Mizaj assessment. Most of review studies were just new versions of ancient Persian texts translated into English and the innovations on the subject were few. Studies on animal subject and developing questionnaires were also limited. In some human studies, use of standard questionnaires and homogenous methodology in Mizaj assessment was not considered.

Conclusions
It seems that studies on temperaments have increased in the past few years but are still at the forefront. In human studies a homogenous method for evaluating temperament has not been used and some of them failed to address the main concept of Mizaj in PM. Therefore, it is necessary to use the original category of Mizaj and to design standard method.
Echolocation calls of some bats of Gujarat, India
Authors: Shah Tariq Ahmed , Srinivasulu Chelmala 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Bats play an important role by providing ecosystem services including pollination, seed dispersal, forest regeneration and insect pest control and also serve as bio-indicators. In the present study, we present an acoustic guide to the calls of nine species of bats from Gujarat belonging to families Rhinopomatidae (Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopoma microphyllum), Emballonuridae (Taphozous melanopogon, Taphozous longimanus and Taphozous nudiventris), Rhinolophidaea (Rhinolophus lepidus), Hipposideridae (Hipposideros galeritus) and Vespertilionidae (Scotophilus heathii, Pipistrellus ceylonicus). Discriminant function analysis was used to classify the bat calls to the species level using leave-one-out cross validation. Analysis was carried out separately for constant frequency (CF) calls and frequency-modulated (FM) calls. Bats echolocating with CF calls were classified with 100% success, while in the case of FM calls, the calls were classified with 66.7% accuracy. In species-rich communities, care should be taken while using echolocation calls to identify bats producing FM calls. More such call libraries of bats from other parts of India are needed for non-invasive documentation of chiropteran fauna in different biogeographic zones.
The Analysis of Nutritional Habits of the Third Age Students in Poznań
Authors: Pracka Magdalena , Dziedziński Marcin , Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In recent years have seen increasing percentage of the elderly in the overall population. This has driven the attention to the lifestyle factors that influence the health and quality of life of this social group, including their nutrition and physical activity. Universities of the Third Age (U3A) are a valuable platform for the dissemination and broadening of the knowledge related to these topics. The nutritional habits of 61 U3A students in Poznań were evaluated on the basis of a modified KomPAN questionnaire. Their nutritional status was determined using the body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) indices. Nearly half of the respondents were overweight and 16% had first degree obesity. The WHR index in women was on average 0.8, while in men it was 1.01. Only 13% of the students declared regular eating, with 60% consuming 4-5 meals a day. Women were found to eat snacks between meals more often than men. It was also found that the majority of the elderly do not add salt to ready meals or sweeten beverages with sugars. Taking into account the observed nutritional problems and the occurrence of improper eating habits of the elderly, it is recommended to continue the education on the prevention of common diet-related diseased.
YKL-40 and neuron-specific enolase in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation
Authors: Dichev Valentin , Kazakova Maria , Sarafian Victoria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a large number of disorders with high impact on human health. Neurodegenerative processes are caused by various etiological factors and differ in their clinical presentation. Neuroinflammation is widely discussed as both a cause and a consequence in the manifestation of these disorders. The interplay between the two entities is considered as a major contributor to the ongoing disease progression. An attentive search and implementation of new and reliable markers specific for the processes of inflammation and degeneration is still needed. YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein produced by activated glial cells during neuroinflammation. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), expressed mainly by neuronal cells, is a long-standing marker for neuronal damage. The aim of this review is to summarize, clarify, and evaluate the potential significance and relationship between YKL-40 and NSE as biomarkers in the monitoring and prognosis of a set of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. YKL-40 appears to be a more reliable biomarker in neurological diseases than NSE. The more prominent expression pattern of YKL-40 could be explained with the more obvious involvement of glial cells in pathological processes accompanying each neurodegenerative disease, whereas reduced NSE levels are likely related to low metabolic activity and increased death of neurons.
Das Ende des Elfenbeinturms? Citizen Science und die Rolle des Amateurs in der modernen Gesellschaft
Authors: Renda Charlotte 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit ein paar Jahrzehnten erlebt die Einbindung von Amateuren in Forschungsprojekte unter dem Schlagwort „Citizen Science“ eine neue Konjunktur. In der Wissenschaftssoziologie wird dieses Phänomen vor allem als Anzeichen für Entdifferenzierungs- und Deprofessionalisierungstendenzen gelesen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf, dass der Amateur nicht als „Repräsentant“ der Gesellschaft in die Wissenschaft hineindrängt und ihre Problembezüge „erden“ kann, sondern dass die Wissenschaft selbst definierte Spielräume für Laienforscher schafft, in denen diese bestimmte Funktionen erfüllen und in denen das darüber hinaus reichende Einbringen systemfremder Motivlagen entmutigt und strukturell folgenlos gehalten wird. Dazu werden zunächst vier allgemeine Funktionen des Amateurs für gesellschaftliche Funktionssysteme (Rekrutierungsfunktion, Korrektivfunktion, Integrationsfunktion und Perspektivübernahmefunktion) vorgestellt, diskutiert und anschließend auf das Wissenschaftssystem bezogen.
Cold War Suburbs
Authors: Leslie Stuart W. 
Published: February 2020

At the height of the Cold War, in both the US and the Soviet Union, top technical talent was ensconced in state-of-the-art laboratories set among new suburbs with cultural amenities. In Orange County, California, defense research labs were enticed by capitalist strategies; in the USSR, by government command. In both, the new white-collar suburbs made moves to the new centers attractive. The architecture of the housing as well as of the research labs reveals the faith in technology, shifting to a bunker mentality in the Vietnam era.
In the USSR, research institutes were set far from city centers. Their architecture and artworks were boldly modern, their engineers and scientists housed in modern apartments among parklands.
Reflecting declining military contracts by the 1990s, Orange County’s “think factories” were demolished or repurposed; upscale master-planned communities drew affluent commuters. Former Soviet research institutes morphed into universities and computer and electronics centers, surrounded by exclusive residential communities. There are striking parallels.
Efecto en el índice de discapacidad en pacientes adultos con vértigo paroxístico posicional benigno mediante la rehabilitación vestibular con movimiento humano
Authors: Chaverri Flores Sofía , Chaverri Polini Julián , Mora Campos Andrea 
Published: February 2020

Propósito: determinar el efecto en el índice de discapacidad en pacientes adultos con vértigo paroxístico posicional benigno mediante la RV con el movimiento humano. Sujetos: seis sujetosque se han diagnosticados previamente con vértigo paroxístico posicional benigno por un especialista en otorrinolaringología, con una edad promedio de 49.5 ± 14.22 años. Instrumentos: se utilizó el Dizziness Handicap Inventory, cuestionario para determinar el impacto en la calidad de vida en pacientes con dicha patología (Ceballos y Vargas, 2004). Procedimiento: se les sometió a una terapia vestibular durante cuatro semanas con ejercicios de habituación y equilibrio, en una modalidad semipresencial. Se realizaron dos mediciones, antes y después de terapia vestibular, y se valoró si hubo alguna mejoría en las dimensiones física, funcional y emocional. Análisis estadístico: se aplicó estadística descriptiva y una “t-student” de medidas repetidas para analizar los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la dimensión física entre el pretest (19.33 ± 4.67 puntos) y el postest (13 ± 7.24 puntos) (t = 2.65; p < 0.05). Por otro lado, no hubo diferencias significativas en las dimensiones funcional (t= 2.44; p>0.05), emocional (t= 2.37; p>0.05) y general (t= 2.55; p>0.05). Conclusión: la terapia vestibular con movimiento humano semipresencial mejoró el índice de discapacidad por vértigo (dimensión física) de sujetos con VPPB.
Hacia una gestión moderna del servicio deportivo y recreativo municipal costarricense
Authors: Mosquera Vargas Allan 
Published: February 2020

El abordaje del tema de la gestión deportiva y recreativa desde un modelo integrador de las políticas y metodologías que son aplicadas en el contexto costarricense, surge a partir de la inquietud de la identificación de las necesidades reales en el campo del deporte, la recreación y la promoción de la salud, por medio del movimiento en sus diferentes manifestaciones. Esto se ha encontrado a lo largo de ocho años de trabajo, desde el Instituto Costarricense del Deporte y la Recreación (ICODER), en conjunto y en directo con las diferentes comunidades costarricenses, tanto rurales como urbanas, y en estas con sus diferentes organizaciones, llámese Asociaciones de Desarrollo Integral Comunal, Comités Cantonales de Deporte y Recreación (CCDR) y sus Comités Comunales, Alcaldías Municipales, ONG’s, entre muchas otras; se toma en cuenta especialmente, el sentir producto de la vivencia, que presentan los CCDR como organizaciones responsabilizadas por el Estado costarricense de promocionar y gestionar los servicios de deporte y recreación municipal con una conveniente oferta que responda a las necesidades de todos los clientes o usuarios. De esta manera, se intenta responder a la interrogante de cómo realizar una gestión eficiente por los Comités, que a su vez responda a las necesidades de los usuarios o clientes públicos en los municipios del país, por medio de una propuesta de modelo de gestión que contribuya como un insumo más en el mejoramiento del tipo de servicio que ya existe y es gestionado por dichas organizaciones. Estructurado a partir de los elementos teóricos que definen hoy la organización y planificación, los tipos de planes en deporte y recreación como un servicio, se presenta el siguiente modelo de gestión costarricense.
Actividad física y género: un estudio comparativo entre los jóvenes de Monterrey, México y Zaragoza, España
Authors: Ceballos Gurrola Oswaldo , Álvarez Bermúdez Javier , Medina Rodríguez Rosa Elena 
Published: February 2020

El propósito del estudio es comparar el gasto energético medio y los niveles de actividad física entre los jóvenes de Monterrey, México y Zaragoza, España; considerando variables como género, tipo de escuela y momento de la semana (jornada escolar o fin de semana). Métodología: estudiantes adolescentes de 12 a 17 años, pertenecientes a las escuelas públicas y privadas de la ciudad de Monterrey (N= 396) y Zaragoza (N= 394). Se utilizó el cuestionario Four by one-day physical activity questionnaire con una fiabilidad de .89, realizado con un test-retest por su adaptación de formato. Resultados: existe tanto en Zaragoza como en Monterrey un número importante de escolares con bajos niveles de actividad física. Casi la mitad de los escolares se han tipificado como inactivos y muy inactivos. El gasto energético fue muy similar 37.52 kcal/kg/día ± 2.12 y 37.66 kcal/kg/día ± 2.95, en las dos ciudades señaladas. Conclusiones: en cuanto al género los hombres presentan mayores niveles de actividad física que las mujeres dato que coincide con la mayoría de los estudios. Los escolares realizan mayor nivel de actividad física durante la jornada escolar que en los fines de semana.
La eliminación de orina en respuesta a una ingesta de agua es consistente en personas bien hidratadas
Authors: Capitán Jiménez Catalina , Aragón Vargas Luis Fernando 
Published: February 2020

Recientemente se ha propuesto un método sencillo para evaluar el estado agudo de hidratación en humanos, pero persisten varias preguntas con respecto a su confiabilidad, validez y utilidad práctica.Objetivo: establecer la confiabilidad de un método simple para comprobar euhidratación, es decir, evaluar si este método puede ser usado como un indicador consistente del estado de hidratación de una persona. Además, se buscaba evaluar el efecto que tiene el ejercicio sobre la producción de orina, cuando se mantiene el estado de euhidratación y se ingiere un volumen estandarizado de agua.Métodos: cinco hombres y cinco mujeres saludables y físicamente activos, con 22,5 ± 2,3 años (media ± desviación estándar), se presentaron al laboratorio después de un ayuno de 10 horas o más; en tres ocasiones, separadas por una semana de tiempo. En las dos condiciones idénticas de reposo (EuA y EuB), permanecieron sentados durante 45 minutos. En la condición de ejercicio (EuEjer) realizaron ejercicio intermitentemente en una cámara de clima controlado (temperatura media y humedad relativa = 32 ± 3° C y 65 ± 7%, respectivamente) por un lapso de 45 minutos, bebiendo agua para reponer las pérdidas por sudoración. El orden de los tratamientos fue aleatorio. Al terminar el tratamiento ingirieron un volumen de agua equivalente a 1,43% masa corporal (MC) en 30 minutos, y se recogieron y midieron los volúmenes de orina eliminados posteriormente cada 30 minutos durante 3 horas.Resultados: El volumen de orina eliminado para la condición EuEjer (1205 ± 399.5 mL) no fue diferente de EuB (1072.2±413.1 mL) ni de EuA (1068 ± 382.87mL) (p= 0.44); las dos condiciones de reposo fueron prácticamente idénticas (p = 0,98), y presentaron una correlación intraclase fuerte (r = 0.849, p = 0.001).Conclusiones: Este método, además de simple, demostró ser consistente en sus mediciones, por lo que puede ser utilizado con la certeza de que las mediciones son válidas y confiables.
Transformations in the Agrarian Sector as a Method of Problem Resolution of the Peasant Land Shortages in Russia (Based on the Research on Agrarian Reforms in Russia in Second Half of XIX - Beginning of the XX Centuries)
Authors: Lapytskaya Marina 
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes the historical peasant situation in the late XIX — early XX centuries and the problems of the agrarian system that led to the land shortage among the peasants. In addition, the research examined the roots of the land shortage problems and the possible ways to solve those. The author also investigated the reasons that contributed to the low level of agriculture development. The study reviewed the mechanism of a causal relationship between industrial development and agriculture. The article described the features of the lease of additional land allotments and how it they affected the peasants. The study considered a possibility of land nationalization as a way to address the land shortage problem. The article describes the mechanisms and steps actually taken by the government to eliminate the land shortages in Russia: resettlement programs for the peasants and the establishment of the Peasant Bank. The study also highlighted the specific measures that really could affect the development of agrarian system in the long run. The research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the previous scientific studies of the agrarian reforms implemented in the late XIX — early XX centuries. The high interest to this topic is driven by the interest of the Russian economic theory to the land shortage issue. Agricultural and economic research used in the article utilized a theoretical and historical approach. It offers an opportunity to comprehend the past economic processes and phenomena from modern day perspective, and vice versa — to understand the modern world from the perspective of the past historical experience.