bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ancient tropical origin, dispersals via land bridges and Miocene diversification explain the subcosmopolitan disjunctions of the liverwort genus Lejeunea
Authors: Lee Gaik Ee , Condamine Fabien L. , Bechteler Julia , Pérez-Escobar Oscar Alejandro , Scheben Armin , Schäfer-Verwimp Alfons , Pócs Tamás , Heinrichs Jochen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the biogeographical and diversification processes explaining current diversity patterns of subcosmopolitan-distributed groups is challenging. We aimed at disentangling the historical biogeography of the subcosmopolitan liverwort genus Lejeunea with estimation of ancestral areas of origin and testing if sexual system and palaeotemperature variations can be factors of diversification. We assembled a dense taxon sampling for 120 species sampled throughout the geographical distribution of the genus. Lejeunea diverged from its sister group after the Paleocene-Eocene boundary (52.2 Ma, 95% credibility intervals 50.1–54.2 Ma), and the initial diversification of the crown group occurred in the early to middle Eocene (44.5 Ma, 95% credibility intervals 38.5–50.8 Ma). The DEC model indicated that (1) Lejeunea likely originated in an area composed of the Neotropics and the Nearctic, (2) dispersals through terrestrial land bridges in the late Oligocene and Miocene allowed Lejeunea to colonize the Old World, (3) the Boreotropical forest covering the northern regions until the late Eocene did not facilitate Lejeunea dispersals, and (4) a single long-distance dispersal event was inferred between the Neotropics and Africa. Biogeographical and diversification analyses show the Miocene was an important period when Lejeunea diversified globally. We found slight support for higher diversification rates of species with both male and female reproductive organs on the same individual (monoicy), and a moderate positive influence of palaeotemperatures on diversification. Our study shows that an ancient origin associated with a dispersal history facilitated by terrestrial land bridges and not long-distance dispersals are likely to explain the subcosmopolitan distribution of Lejeunea. By enhancing the diversification rates, monoicy likely favoured the colonisations of new areas, especially in the Miocene that was a key epoch shaping the worldwide distribution.
Allometric Scaling of Dietary Bioactives in Metabolic Research: The Present and Future
Authors: Whelan Jay 
Published: August 2020

Findings from basic nutrition research poorly transfer to humans, and thus, the results are “lost in translation.” The objective was to identify a mathematical model that accurately translates diet and nutritional bioactives between humans and preclinical rodent models. A secondary objective was to provide guidance to researchers and reviewers for appropriate and inappropriate experimental designs when translational fidelity for dietary bioactives/nutrients between species is desired or inferred. This manuscript reviews the standard preclinical experimental rodent diets originally designed by the America Institute of Nutrition (AIN), and reviews the most common allometric scaling models, their strengths and weaknesses, for the extrapolation of nutrients between species. This includes extrapolations based on body weight, surface area and metabolic rate, and caloric needs of each of the species. To investigate the translational fidelity of each mathematical model, all of the micronutrients and the essential fatty acids in each of the AIN diets were converted to a human equivalent dose, and these values were compared to the recommended or actual intakes in the US population. The use a mathematical scaling model based on differences in caloric needs between species more accurately reflects recommendations in humans and would enhance translational validity and minimize false-positive results.
Ras-transformation reduce FAM20C expression and osteopontin phosphorylation
Authors: Schytte Gitte N. , Christensen Brian , Bregenov Ida , Sørensen Esben S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 20, member C (FAM20C) is the main kinase of secreted phosphoproteins, including the multifunctional protein and cytokine, osteopontin (OPN). The phosphorylation of OPN varies greatly among cell types, tissues and species, and the different phospho-isoforms contribute to the multifunctionality of the protein. Expression of OPN is increased in human malignancies, and less phosphorylated isoforms of the protein have been associated with this phenotype. Here, we compared OPN from ras-transformed fibroblasts with that from their non-transformed parental cells, and found that OPN was less phosphorylated after ras-transformation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that expression of FAM20C mRNA was reduced five-fold in ras-transformed fibroblasts compared with non-transformed fibroblasts. Transfection with FAM20C of the ras-transformed fibroblasts restored the FAM20C mRNA expression but the phosphorylation of OPN was not increased proportionally. Likewise, the mRNA level of FAM20C was reduced in the malignant ras-transformed mammary cell line MCF10ACA1a compared with its non-transformed parental cell line MCF10A. These results suggest that expression of the FAM20C kinase is reduced after oncogenic ras-transformation, which potentially affects the phosphorylation of secreted phosphoproteins.
Plasma lipidomic analysis of sphingolipids in patients with large artery atherosclerosis cerebrovascular disease and cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: You Qian , Peng Qing , Yu Zemou , Jin Haiqiang , Zhang Jing , Sun Wei , Huang Yining 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Sphingolipids mainly consist of ceramides (Cer), sphingomyelins (SM) and glycosphingolipids. Sphingolipids are related with coronary heart disease and metabolic disease, but there’re few studies about cerebrovascular disease. The purpose was to detect sphingolipids in plasma of patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) cerebrovascular disease and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) to explore the similarities and differences of pathogenesis of the two subtypes.
Methods: 20 patients with LAA cerebrovascular disease, 20 patients with age-related CSVD, 10 patients with Fabry disease and 14 controls were enrolled from October 2017 to January 2019. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used to determine sphingolipids. Univariate combined with multivariate analysis was used for comparison. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine sensitivities and specificities.
Results: 276 sphingolipids were detected, including 39 Cer, 3 ceramide phosphates, 72 glycosphingolipids and 162 SM. (1) Cer (d36:3), Cer (d34:2), Cer (d38:6), Cer (d36:4) and Cer (d16:0/18:1) were increased in LAA; SM (d34:1), Cer (d34:2), Cer (d36:4), Cer (d16:0/18:1), Cer (d38:6), Cer (d36:3) and Cer (d32:0) were increased in age-related CSVD. (2) Cer (d36:4) and SM (d34:1) were increased in age-related CSVD compared with LAA. (3) Total trihexosyl ceramides were increased in Fabry group compared with control (P&lt;0.05); SM (d34:1) was increased in Fabry group.
Conclusions: Ceramides are increased in both LAA and age-related CSVD, which may be related to similar risk factors and pathophysiological process of arteriosclerosis; SM is increased in both age-related CSVD and Fabry disease, suggesting that increased SM may be associated with CSVD. Glycosphingolipids, trihexosylceramides in particular, are increased in Fabry disease.
Opportunistische Infektionen des Nervensystems bei AIDS
Authors: Maschke Matthias 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGOpportunistische Infektionen des ZNS sind bei Menschen mit HIV-Infektion mit einer substanziellen Morbidität und Mortalität verknüpft. Die häufigsten Infektionen sind die progressive multifokale Leukenzephalopathie (PML), die Toxoplasma-Enzephalitis und die Kryptokokken-Meningitis. Die Inzidenz liegt unter der antiretroviralen Kombinationstherapie (cART) unter 1,0/1000 Patientenjahre. Andere Infektionen wie die Cytomegalievirus-Enzephalitis, das EBV-assoziierte primäre ZNS-Lymphom, Infektionen mit Mykobakterien, anderen Herpesviren und anderen Pilzen wie Aspergillus und Candida sind mittlerweile noch seltener. Komplizierend ist das inflammatorische Immunrekonstitutionssyndrom (IRIS), welches nach Initiierung einer cART in Anwesenheit einer gleichzeitigen opportunistischen Infektion auftreten kann. Durch die moderne cART, aber auch durch andere Behandlungsmöglichkeiten ist die Prognose der opportunistischen Infektionen entscheidend verbessert worden.
SNPs of miR-23b, miR-107 and HMGA2 and their Relations with the
Response to Medical Treatment in Acromegaly Patients
Authors: Armagan Derya Metin , Akdemir Ayse Seda , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Korkmaz Ozge Polat , Gazioglu Nurperi , Kadioglu Pinar , Tanriover Necmettin , Dagistanli Kaya-Fatma , Dirican Ahmet , Ozturk Melek 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction Acromegaly is a chronic disease of increased growth hormone
(GH) secretion and elevated insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels induced
by a pituitary adenoma. HMGA2 (high mobility group A2) and AIP (aryl hydrocarbon
receptor-interacting protein) expression levels are related to GH-secreting
adenomas, and also a response to Somatostatin Analogs (SSAs). We studied SNPs in
miR-107 and miR-23b that related with AIP and HMGA2 genes respectively and
control their expression, and also SNP in the 3'UTR of HMGA2 gene. Our
aim was to investigate genotype distributions of the studied SNPs, as well as
the possible relationship between disease and/or response to SSAs
treatment in patients with acromegaly.
Material and Methods Genotypes were determined by qRT-PCR method from DNA
materials obtained blood samples of acromegaly patients (141) and healthy
individuals (99). The genotype distributions of patients and healthy groups, as
well as the relationship between the clinical data of the disease and genotypes
were statistically compared.
Results In acromegaly patients with T-allele, p53 expression
(p=0.049) was significantly higher. In patients with CT+TT
genotype and T-allele who were responder to SSA-treatment Ki-67 index
(respectively p=0.019, p=0.020 respectively) was higher. We did
not observe the genotypes for miR-23b and miR-107 polymorphisms in the patients
and control group of Turkish population.
Conclusion The genetic variations of the miRNAs genes related with HMGA2
and AIP genes were not seen in our study. Although there is no relationship
between HMGA2-rs1351394 polymorphism and acromegaly disease, T allele was
associated with some clinical features related to adenoma in patients with
acromegaly.
Aktualisierte Empfehlungen zu SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 und
Schwangerschaft, Geburt und Wochenbett
Authors: Zöllkau Janine , Hagenbeck Carsten , Hecher Kurt , Pecks Ulrich , Schlembach Dietmar , Simon Arne , Schlösser Rolf , Schleußner Ekkehard 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungMit Beginn der SARS-CoV-2 Pandemie haben die deutschen geburtshilflichen und
pädiatrischen Fachgesellschaften im März 2020 Empfehlungen zur
Versorgung infizierter Schwangerer und deren Neugeborener, wie auch notwendige
Schutzmaßnahmen für das Personal veröffentlicht
[1–3]. Eine Aktualisierung ist aufgrund des rasanten Wissenszuwachses
notwendig. Die vorliegende Empfehlung versteht sich daher als Fortschreibung der
bereits vorliegenden Publikationen [1–3].Von der Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group wurden weltweit nationale
Empfehlungen verglichen und als Review veröffentlicht [4]. In
methodischer Anlehnung hieran nehmen die vorliegenden aktualisierten
Empfehlungen Stellung zu den Kernfragen der prä-, peri- und postnatalen
Betreuung bei SARS-CoV-2 und COVID-19, auf der Grundlage der bis zum 30.05.2020
verfügbaren Publikationen. Die Stellungnahmen basieren auf einem
sorgfältig abgestimmten ExpertInnenkonsens und können sich
– insofern neue Erkenntnisse veröffentlicht werden –
zeitnah ändern.Die Verantwortung für das konkrete Vorgehen bleibt bei dem vor Ort
medizinisch betreuenden Team, dessen Entscheidungen durch diese Empfehlung
unterstützt werden sollen.
‘Precision’ or ‘personalized’ psychiatry: different terms – same content?
Authors: Perna Giampaolo , Cuniberti Francesco , Daccò Silvia , Grassi Massimiliano , Caldirola Daniela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to the increased lifetime prevalence and personal, social, and economic burden of mental disorders, psychiatry is in need of a significant change in several aspects of its clinical and research approaches. Over the last few decades, the development of personalized / precision medicine in psychiatry focusing on tailored therapies that fit each patient’s unique individual, physiological, and genetic profile has not achieved the same results as those obtained in other branches, such as oncology. The long-awaited revolution has not yet surfaced. There are various explanations for this including imprecise diagnostic criteria, incomplete understanding of the molecular pathology involved, absence of available clinical tools and, finally, the characteristics of the patient. Since then, the co-existence of the two terms has sparked a great deal of discussion around the definition and differentiation between the two types of psychiatry, as they often seem similar or even superimposable. Generally, the two terminologies are used indiscriminately, alternatively, and / or separately, within the same scientific works. In this paper, an overview is provided on the overlap between the application and meaning of the terms ‘precision psychiatry’ and ‘personalized psychiatry’.
HIV-Infektion und Schlafstörungen
Authors: Happe Svenja 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine HIV-Infektion, inklusive des Krankheitsbildes AIDS, kann auf vielen Arten zu Schlafstörungen führen. Zum einen führt die Beteiligung des ZNS durch das Virus selbst (HIV-Enzephalopathie) zu Formen der Hypersomnie. Zum anderen kann eine Beteiligung des peripheren Nervensystems z. B. bei neuropathischen Schmerzen zu Schlafstörungen führen. Indirekt kann es über ein Lipodystrophie-Syndrom, das medikamentös bedingt ist, zu einer erhöhten Anfälligkeit für ein obstruktives Schlafapnoe-Syndrom kommen. Außerdem sind einige virostatische Medikamente (z. B. Efavirenz) bekannt dafür, dass sie lebhafte Träume oder andere Parasomnien auslösen.
Persistent Cushing’s Disease after Transsphenoidal Surgery:
Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Albani Adriana , Theodoropoulou Marily 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTranssphenoidal surgery remains the primary treatment for Cushing’s
disease (CD). However, despite the vast improvements in pituitary surgery,
successful treatment of CD remains a great challenge. Although selective
transsphenoidal removal of the pituitary tumor is a safe and effective
procedure, the disease persists in around 22% of CD patients due to
incomplete tumor resection. The persistence of hypercortisolism after pituitary
surgery may also be the consequence of a misdiagnosis, as can occur in case of
ectopic ACTH secretion or pseudo-Cushing. Considering the elevated mortality and
morbidity characterizing the disease, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to
minimize potential pitfalls occurring during the diagnosis, avoid surgical
failure and provide the best care in those patients who have undergone
unsuccessful surgery. In this review, we analyze the factors that could predict
remission or persistence of CD after pituitary surgery and revise the
therapeutic options in case of surgical failure.
Development and Usability of a Smartphone Application for Tracking Oncology Patients in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Grover Surbhi , Shah Sidrah , Bhatia Rohini , Urusaro Sandra , Monare Barati , Ralefala Tlotlo , Seiphetlheng Alexander , Singh Sherman Preet , Dhaliwal Givy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The majority of new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by 2025, and 65% of cancer deaths currently occur in LMICs. Treatment adherence, patient monitoring, and follow-up are essential to cancer care but are often not possible in these settings. Out Patient (OP) Care, a smartphone application (app) developed to fill this gap, texts appointment reminders to patients and electronically stores medical records confidentially.
Objectives This study aims to present the development of this app and evaluate its usability and feasibility as defined by provider and patient experiences in the context of a multidisciplinary cancer clinic in Gaborone, Botswana.
Methods OP Care was piloted at a multidisciplinary team gynecologic oncology clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. The app was developed through an iterative process with feedback from clinic staff and physicians. The usability was evaluated using a cross-sectional survey. All staff members in the gynecologic oncology clinic, which typically consists of one doctor and four nurses, as well as a portion of the staff in the (Princess Marina Hospital general) oncology ward used the app. All providers using the app were surveyed, along with all patients who attended the gynecologic oncology clinic during the 3-week survey period. Staff demographics, reactions, and opinions on usability, as well as patients' reactions to the appointment reminders were collected. Agreement to the ease-of-usability statements was recorded on a 1 (not at all) to 7 (extremely so) scale. Primary outcomes were the app's usability and the feasibility of text reminders from the patient's perspective.
Results Nine staff and 15 patients were surveyed. Staff included three doctors and six nurses and encompassed all of the staff in the gynecologic oncology clinic as well as a portion of the general oncology ward. All surveyed staff owned a smartphone and used a computer at home. Most (78%) staff did not feel that OP Care would increase their work burden and were willing to use the app if implemented permanently (median: 6; interquartile range [IQR]: 1). Seventeen out of the nineteen usability questions, such as “I feel comfortable using this system,” scored a median of 6, corresponding to “very much so.” Patients reported that the reminder text messages were helpful (median: 6; IQR: 1) and preferred the text reminders to be in Setswana (median: 7; IQR: 1).
Conclusion High usability scores indicate that the app can be scaled up to usage in this clinic and others. Although patients appreciate OP Care, the option for call and text reminders in Setswana is indicated.
Orbital Anatomy: Anatomical Relationships of Surrounding Structures
Authors: Salgado-López Laura , Campos-Leonel Luciano C.P. , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Peris-Celda María 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdvances in skull base and orbital surgery have led to an increased need to understand the anatomy of the orbit and surrounding structures to safely perform surgeries in this area. The purpose of this article is to review the surrounding anatomy of the orbit from a practical and operative point of view. We describe the orbit from an inferomedial endoscopic endonasal perspective (focusing on its inferior relationship with the maxillary sinus and related structures and its medial relationship with the ethmoid bone), from a posterior and superolateral intracranial perspective (describing the anatomy of the superior orbital fissure, optic canal, inferior orbital fissure, cavernous sinus, orbitofrontal cortex, and surrounding dura) and from an anterior perspective (focusing on the muscles, connective tissue, lateral and medial canthus, and relevant neurovascular anatomy). A deep knowledge of the critical neurovascular and osseous structures surrounding the orbit is necessary for adequately choosing and performing the most favorable orbital approach in every case.
Measurement of Acetabular Component Position in Total Hip Arthroplasty in Dogs: Comparison of a Radio-Opaque Cup Position Assessment Device Using Fluoroscopy with CT Assessment and Direct Measurement
Authors: Dalbeth Brianna N. , Karlin William M. , Lirtzman Ross A. , Kowaleski Michael P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectives The aim of this study was to compare measurements of angle of lateral opening (ALO) and version determined using a radioopaque cup position assessment device imaged with fluoroscopy to measurements obtained by CT and direct measurement in a cadaveric model. Our null hypothesis was that there would not be any difference in the angles measured by the techniques.Methods Six cadavers were implanted with BFX acetabular components. The CPAD was placed and images were obtained with fluoroscopy. Measurements were obtained from the radiopaque marker bars on the CPAD device, and version and ALO were calculated. The ALO and version were determined by CT and DM. Comparisons were made using a two-way analysis of variance and a generalized linear model procedure analysis.Results There were no significant differences between the measurements for ALO (p = 0.275) or version (p = 0.226). Correlation between methods was 0.948 and 0.951 for ALO and version, respectively. The mean difference (standard deviation [SD], and 95% confidence interval [CI]) for ALO were: CT versus CPAD 1.85 degrees (± 2.32 degrees [-2.99–3.31]), CT versus DM 1.96 degrees (± 1.99 degrees [−2.2–4.27]), CPAD versus DM1.74 degrees (±2.21 degrees [−1.13 and 5.24]). The mean difference (SD [CI]) for version was CT versus CPAD 2.86 degrees (±1.56 degrees [ −2.63–1.69]), CT versus DM 1.10 degrees (±1.42 degrees [−1.57–2.09]), CPAD versus DM 1.07 degrees (±0.76 degrees [0.13–2.09]).Clinical Relevance The results demonstrate that intraoperative imaging in cadaveric specimens with the CPAD is an accurate method to determine ALO and version of the acetabular component.
Postoperative Opioid Use in Rhinoplasty Procedures: A Standardized Regimen
Authors: Marshall Ryan V. , Rivers Nicholas J. , Manickavel Sudhir , Grayson Jessica W. , Cox Artemus J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to create a standardized regimen for preoperative and postoperative analgesic prescribing patterns in rhinoplasty. A prospective study including patients (n = 35) undergoing rhinoplasty by a single surgeon at a tertiary hospital was conducted. Patients were enrolled in this study from August 2018 to November 2019. Patients then completed a diary documenting pain scores and analgesic use for 14 days postoperatively. Patient demographics, complications, rhinoplasty technique performed, and medical history were noted. At the second postoperative clinic visit, the diaries were submitted and pill counts were conducted to ensure accuracy. A total of 23 patients completed this study. The average age of the cohort was 39.07 ± 15.01 years, and 48% were females. The mean number of opioids consumed was 6.15 ± 4.85 pills (range: 0–18). Females consumed an average of 7.2 ± 5.2 pills and males consumed 4.5 ± 3.96 pills. The mean number of acetaminophen and ibuprofen tablets consumed were 7.48 ± 8.52 pills (range: 0–36) and 10.83 ± 10.99 pills (range 0–39), respectively. No postoperative nosebleeds were reported. Males had significantly higher pain scores than females on postoperative days 1 to 8. The mean pain score for postoperative days 8 to 14 was less than 1. Linear regression analysis showed that there was no association between the rhinoplasty technique used and the number of opioids consumed. Rhinoplasty is typically associated with mild pain even when osteotomies are included with the procedure. Our results suggest that surgeons can limit rhinoplasty opioid prescriptions to around seven pills and achieve sufficient pain control in most patients. Preoperative counseling suggesting a low postoperative pain level and the encouragement of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use will help reduce the risk and misuse of opioid prescriptions.