bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphone‐based object recognition with embedded machine learning intelligence for unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Martinez‐Alpiste Ignacio , Casaseca‐de‐la‐Higuera Pablo , Alcaraz‐Calero Jose M. , Grecos Christos , Wang Qi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExisting artificial intelligence solutions typically operate in powerful platforms with high computational resources availability. However, a growing number of emerging use cases such as those based on unmanned aerial systems (UAS) require new solutions with embedded artificial intelligence on a highly mobile platform. This paper proposes an innovative UAS that explores machine learning (ML) capabilities in a smartphone‐based mobile platform for object detection and recognition applications. A new system framework tailored to this challenging use case is designed with a customized workflow specified. Furthermore, the design of the embedded ML leverages TensorFlow, a cutting‐edge open‐source ML framework. The prototype of the system integrates all the architectural components in a fully functional system, and it is suitable for real‐world operational environments such as seek and rescue use cases. Experimental results validate the design and prototyping of the system and demonstrate an overall improved performance compared with the state of the art in terms of a wide range of metrics.
A Complex Adaptive Systems Approach to the Relationship between Personality and Social Division
Authors: Reilly Andrew , Rooy Dirk Van , Angus Simon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough psychological differences appear to be a factor in political and social division, there are few process‐based accounts of the relationship between political orientation and personality. We present a complex adaptive systems model with biological differences at the micro level and sociocultural structures at the macro level, both of which exert a bidirectional influence on personality at the meso level. This provides the foundation for a process‐based model in which social interactions act as feedback loops that encourage the development of biases at the biological level, accentuating individual differences while driving collective adaptation to changing environments. Cyclical phases in adaptive processes are then associated with emergent political values. Therefore, political and social division is an inevitable feature of an adaptive society and results from interactions between individuals responding to stress. Using this model, we are able to account for both congruence and incongruence between personality and political orientation.
Priming urban learners' attitudes toward the relevancy of science: A mixed‐methods study testing the importance of context
Authors: Boda Phillip A. , Brown Bryan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of three‐dimensional learning among all K‐12 student demographics remains a prominent goal for the field of science education. However, substantial research in science teacher education for urban populations showcases hurdles to overcome in order to achieve this goal, particularly for elementary teachers. Research shows that urban elementary teachers are often ill‐prepared to develop a type of science pedagogy responsive to students' learning needs. The fidelity of such pedagogies that these teachers adhere to when trying to implement such a requested content–relationality between these populations and how their local contexts can be used as sites to learn science in relevant ways are often not fully realized, as well. Given that science achievement gaps exhibit racial disparities starting in primary grades and attitudes toward science have been shown to affect academic achievement and motivation, we argue that one way to ameliorate, in at least an incremental way, this disparity is to design novel learning experiences to prime students to see the relevancy of science in their local contexts before such three‐dimensional designed learning is set to occur. In this research, we leveraged the immersive nature of Virtual Reality 360 videos and present a design‐based research iteration testing how this novel technologically enhanced learning experience may have influenced close to 400 urban elementary students' attitudes toward science around those attitudes labeled as “behavioral beliefs” by the field. Using a concurrent, convergent mixed‐methods design with a two‐way multivariate analysis of covariance quantitative data set triangulated with students' qualitative self‐reports that were transformed into quantitative preponderances in graphic form, the data support that our design iteration emphasizing the importance of context as a design focus can prime students who struggle to see science as relevant to change their attitudes. Implications are discussed around relationality, novel technological affordances, and the use of local contexts as learning resources.
Effect of race on longitudinal central hemodynamics in pregnancy
Authors: Ling H. Z. , Jara P. G. , Bisquera A. , Poon L. C. , Nicolaides K. H. , Kametas N. A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare central hemodynamics between white, black and Asian women in pregnancy.MethodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal study of maternal central hemodynamics in white, black and Asian women with a singleton pregnancy, assessed using a bioreactance method at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6, 19 + 0 to 24 + 0, 30 + 0 to 34 + 0 and 35 + 0 to 37 + 0 weeks' gestation. At each visit, cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and mean arterial pressure were recorded. Multilevel linear mixed‐effects analysis was performed to compare the repeated measures of the cardiac variables between white, black and Asian women, controlling for maternal characteristics, medical history and medication use.ResultsThe study population included 1165 white, 247 black and 116 Asian women. CO increased with gestational age to a peak at 32 weeks and then decreased; the highest CO was observed in white women and the lowest in Asian women. SV initially increased after the first visit but subsequently declined with gestational age in white women, decreased with gestational age in black women and remained static in Asian women. In all three study groups, HR increased with gestational age until 32 weeks and then remained constant; HR was highest in black women and lowest in white women. PVR showed a reversed pattern to that of CO; the highest values were in Asian women and the lowest in white women. The least favorable hemodynamic profile, which was observed in black and Asian women, was reflected in higher rates of a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant.ConclusionsThere are race‐specific differences in maternal cardiac adaptation to pregnancy. White women have the most favorable cardiac adaptation by increasing SV and HR, achieving the highest CO and lowest PVR. In contrast, black and Asian women have lower CO and higher PVR than do white women, with CO increasing through a rise in HR due to declining or static
SV. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Multifluid electrospinning for the generation of complex nanostructures
Authors: Yu Deng‐Guang , Wang Menglong , Li Xiaoyan , Liu Xinkuan , Zhu Li‐Min , Annie Bligh Sim Wan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNew nanostructure means new nanotechnology and nanoscience. The need of complex nanostructure‐based advanced functional nanomaterials has promoted the appearance of several kinds of multifluid electrospinning processes, such as tri‐axial electrospinning, quad‐fluid coaxial electrospinning, tri‐fluid side‐by‐side electrospinning, and coaxial electrospinning with a side‐by‐side core. These multifluid processes can greatly expand the capability of electrospinning in generating new types of nanostructures with different organization manner of the inner parts, and from both spinnable and unspinnable working fluids. The key elements for conducting a multifluid electrospinning lie in a well‐designed spinneret, compatibility of the working fluids, and special operational parameters. The complex nanostructures can be created through direct electrospinning of multiple fluids, through after‐treatment of the electrospun products, and through ingenious design of the components, compositions and their spatial distributions as well. This article provides a simple review on the most recent publications about the multifluid electrospinning processes and the corresponding complex nanostructures.This article is characterized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Effect of fractional derivatives on natural convection in a complex‐wavy‐wall surrounded enclosure filled with porous media using nanofluids
Authors: Ahmed Sameh E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the heat transfer by the natural convection flow in wavy‐walls enclosures filled with porous media using nanofluids is represented by the fractional differential equations. Conformable fractional derivatives are applied on both the time and space of the governing equations. The geometry is considered as enclosures with horizontal wavy walls. The Buongiorno's model is used to simulate the nanofluids while the Darcy model is used for the porous medium. The governing equations are mapped to a rectangular domain using suitable grid transformations based on the chain rule in the fractional approaches then they are solved numerically using an implicit finite difference method. The obtained numerical results are presented in terms of the streamlines, the isotherms and the nanoparticles volume fraction contours as well as the local Nusselt number for wide ranges of the governing parameters. It is found that the decrease in order of the fractional derivatives enhances rate of the fluid flow and the local Nusselt number, particularly, at the middle part of the bottom wall. Also, an increase in the surface waviness parameter increases both of the nanofluid flow and rate of the heat transfer.
Forschungsmethodik, Relevanz der Arbeit für die Psychotherapiewissenschaften und Forschungsstand
Authors: Klug Helga 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungIch verfolge in dieser Arbeit eine psychoanalytische Herangehensweise, indem ich mit den spezifischen Instrumenten der Psychoanalyse und der Hermeneutik nach den bewussten und unbewussten Faktoren im Erleben, Verstehen und in der Verarbeitung der Finanzkrise bei einzelnen Individuen und Gruppen forsche. Zu diesem Zweck wurden qualitative Interviews mit Menschen aus Bereichen geführt, die in ihrer Arbeit mit den Auswirkungen der Finanzkrise in Berührung kamen; es sind Unternehmer und Unternehmensberater im weiteren Sinn, die, vereinfacht gesagt, die Bereiche der Investition und Regulation repräsentieren.
„The Missing Link“ zwischen Individuum und Gesellschaft – die Psychoanalyse als politische Wissenschaft
Authors: Klug Helga 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel soll die Frage beantwortet werden, wie die sozioökonomischen Verhältnisse Eingang in die Theorienbildung der Psychoanalyse der Zwischenkriegszeit gefunden haben. Dabei wird – neben Freud – auf Bernfeld, Fenichel, Fromm und Reich genauer eingegangen, die mit ihren Konzeptionen mein psychoanalytisches Verständnis für die Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise beeinflusst haben. Von ihnen wurde die Psychoanalyse als Instrument zur Analyse und zum Verständnis gesellschaftlicher und kultureller Phänomene angewandt, so wie es auch Anliegen dieser Arbeit ist.
Back Analysis of Short-Term Seismic Hazard Indicators of Larger Seismic Events in Deep Underground Mines (LKAB, Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden)
Authors: Nordström Emilia , Dineva Savka , Nordlund Erling 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBack analysis for evaluation of the merits of the short-term seismic hazard indicators (precursors) used in the mines and their potential application for early warning was carried out for fourteen seismic events that potentially caused damage in Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden, selected according to our designed criteria. Five short-term hazard indicators: Seismic Activity Rate (SAR), Cumulative Seismic Moment (CSM), Energy Index (EI), Cumulative Apparent Volume (CAV) and Seismic Apparent Stress Frequency (ASF) were tested. The behaviour of the indicators was studied using the parameters of all seismic events within a sphere around the hypocenter location of the analyzed seismic source within one month before the main (damaging) event. The size of the sphere equals the estimated radius of the analyzed seismic source (area of inelastic deformation). mXrap software (Australian Centre for Geomechanics) was used for data visualization, manipulation, analysis and extraction. The results from the main analysis showed a good agreement between the expected and actual behaviour of the SAR, CSM and CAV indicators. In overall, CSM and CAV ranked the highest positive/expected behaviour followed by SAR (Table 3). The EI and ASF ranked lowest and showed to be sensitive to the number of events within the source sphere. The rate of false warnings and missed warnings was also investigated for the 25 days-long period before the damaging events. A similar trend was observed as for the main analysed event. The results from this study can be used for further improvement of the short-term hazard estimations and early warning system in deep underground mines.
On the variance parameter estimator in general linear models
Authors: Lindholm Mathias , Wahl Felix 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the present note we consider general linear models where the covariates may be both random and non-random, and where the only restrictions on the error terms are that they are independent and have finite fourth moments. For this class of models we analyse the variance parameter estimator. In particular we obtain finite sample size bounds for the variance of the variance parameter estimator which are independent of covariate information regardless of whether the covariates are random or not. For the case with random covariates this immediately yields bounds on the unconditional variance of the variance estimator—a situation which in general is analytically intractable. The situation with random covariates is illustrated in an example where a certain vector autoregressive model which appears naturally within the area of insurance mathematics is analysed. Further, the obtained bounds are sharp in the sense that both the lower and upper bound will converge to the same asymptotic limit when scaled with the sample size. By using the derived bounds it is simple to show convergence in mean square of the variance parameter estimator for both random and non-random covariates. Moreover, the derivation of the bounds for the above general linear model is based on a lemma which applies in greater generality. This is illustrated by applying the used techniques to a class of mixed effects models.
Simultaneous PET-MRI imaging of cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in the symptomatic unilateral internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease
Authors: Cui Bixiao , Zhang Tianhao , Ma Yan , Chen Zhongwei , Ma Jie , Ma Lei , Jiao Liqun , Zhou Yun , Shan Baoci , Lu Jie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and glucose metabolism are important and significant factors in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease. The objective of this study was to use quantitative hybrid PET/MR to evaluate the effects of surgery treatment on the symptomatic unilateral internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease.

Methods
Fifteen patients diagnosed with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease were evaluated using a hybrid TOF PET/MR system (Signa, GE Healthcare). The CBF value measured by arterial spin labelling (ASL) and the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) measured by 18F-FDG PET were obtained, except for the infarct area and its contralateral side, before and after bypass surgery. The asymmetry index (AI) was calculated from the CBF and SUVR of the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral hemispheres, respectively. The ΔCBF and ΔSUVR were calculated as the percent changes of CBF and SUVR between before and after surgery, and paired t tests were used to determine whether a significant change occurred. Spearman’s rank correlation was also used to compare CBF with glucose metabolism in the same region.

Results
The analysis primarily revealed that after bypass surgery, a statistically significant increase occurred in the CBF on the affected side (P < 0.01). The postprocedural SUVR was not significantly higher than the preprocedural SUVR (P > 0.05). However, the postprocedural AI values for CBF and SUVR were significantly lower after surgery than before surgery (P < 0.01). A significant correlation was found between the AI values for preoperative CBF and SUVR on the ipsilateral hemisphere (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates that a combination of ASL and 18F-FDG PET could be used to simultaneously analyse changes in patients’ cerebral haemodynamic patterns and metabolism between before and after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery. This therefore represents an essential tool for the evaluation of critical haemodynamic and metabolic status in patients with symptomatic unilateral ischaemic cerebrovascular disease.
Advancing global storm surge modelling using the new ERA5 climate reanalysis
Authors: Dullaart Job C. M. , Muis Sanne , Bloemendaal Nadia , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study examines the implications of recent advances in global climate modelling for simulating storm surges. Following the ERA-Interim (0.75° × 0.75°) global climate reanalysis, in 2018 the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts released its successor, the ERA5 (0.25° × 0.25°) reanalysis. Using the Global Tide and Surge Model, we analyse eight historical storm surge events driven by tropical—and extra-tropical cyclones. For these events we extract wind fields from the two reanalysis datasets and compare these against satellite-based wind field observations from the Advanced SCATterometer. The root mean squared errors in tropical cyclone wind speed reduce by 58% in ERA5, compared to ERA-Interim, indicating that the mean sea-level pressure and corresponding strong 10-m winds in tropical cyclones greatly improved from ERA-Interim to ERA5. For four of the eight historical events we validate the modelled storm surge heights with tide gauge observations. For Hurricane Irma, the modelled surge height increases from 0.88 m with ERA-Interim to 2.68 m with ERA5, compared to an observed surge height of 2.64 m. We also examine how future advances in climate modelling can potentially further improve global storm surge modelling by comparing the results for ERA-Interim and ERA5 against the operational Integrated Forecasting System (0.125° × 0.125°). We find that a further increase in model resolution results in a better representation of the wind fields and associated storm surges, especially for small size tropical cyclones. Overall, our results show that recent advances in global climate modelling have the potential to increase the accuracy of early-warning systems and coastal flood hazard assessments at the global scale.
Basal Anti Mullerian hormone levels and endometrial thickness at midcycle can predict the outcome after clomiphene citrate stimulation in anovulatory women with PCOS, a retrospective study
Authors: Gaba Aulona , Hörath Steffen , Hager Marlene , Marculescu Rodrig , Ott Johannes 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Recent studies reported that in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, other stimulation agents are superior to the popular first-line regimen, clomiphene citrate (CC) for ovarian stimulation. Nonetheless, CC is still widely used since it is not clear which patients will not respond to it. Furthermore, the prognostic value of endometrium thickness at midcycle is controversial. We aimed to find factors predicting the response to CC and the prognostic value of endometrial thickness at midcycle.

Methods
We collected data retrospectively from 89 anovulatory PCOS patients who had the first stimulation with 50 mg CC. We analyzed the basal levels of AMH, testosterone, LH, LH:FSH ratio and the endometrial thickness at midcycle by univariate, followed by multivariate regression. The outcome measures were pregnancy, follicle maturation and endometrial thickness at midcycle.

Results
Stimulation with 50 mg CC resulted in follicle maturation in 50.6% of the women and in 27.0% pregnancies. In the univariate analysis, greater endometrial thickness, lower LH and AMH levels and a lower LH:FSH ratio were associated with pregnancy (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, only endometrial thickness remained predictive (p = 0.045). The endometrial thickness cutoff level of ≥ 8 mm showed a sensitivity of 87.5% (96% CI 67.6–97.3) and a specificity of 66.7% (95% CI 43.0–85.4) for prediction of pregnancy. In the multivariate analysis AMH levels 5.4 (3.4; 7.0) (ng/mL) predicted pregnancy (β = − 0.194 ± 0.092; p = 0.034)

Conclusion
We suggest to refrain from CC as first-line regimen in patients with AMH > 7 ng/ml. Under CC treatment, the cutoff value of ≥ 8 mm endometrium thickness at midcycle is associated with a better outcome.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zu kombinierten hydraulisch-mechanischen Gesteinslöseprozessen
Authors: Stoxreiter Thomas , Galler Robert 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge des von der EU geförderten Projektes „ThermoDrill“ wurde eine alternative Bohrtechnologie für Anwendungen in der Tiefengeothermie, mit dem Ziel eines schnelleren Bohrfortschrittes, entwickelt. Das alternative Bohrverfahren verwendet eine Kombination aus Hochdruckfluidstrahlen mit mechanischem Rotationsbohren. Im Rahmen der Entwicklung dieses Bohrverfahrens wurden umfassende experimentelle Studien zur Untersuchung des kombinierten hydraulisch-mechanischen Löseprozesses durchgeführt. Die möglichst realitätsnahe Simulation der Umgebungsdruckbedingungen während der Versuche war dabei eines der zentralen Kriterien. Der positive Effekt einer durch den Hochdruckstrahl erzeugten Kerbe auf den mechanischen Lösevorgang wurde zunächst im kleineren Maßstab nachgewiesen. Großmaßstäbliche Bohrversuche im Labor bestätigten sowohl anhand des erhöhten Bohrfortschrittes als auch anhand der Auswertung der Mikrorissbilder in der Bohrlochsohle der Gesteinsproben die Ergebnisse aus den kleinmaßstäblichen Versuchen.