bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Series of Discrete Dichloride Dihydrates: Characterisation and Symmetry Effects
Authors: Senthooran Rathiga , Curnow Owen J. , Brenner Thomas , Weiss Robert , Ferreras Manuel , Crittenden Deborah L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA series of three discrete dichloride dihydrates [Cl2(H2O)2]2− have been isolated with different triaminocyclopropenium (TAC) cations and with different crystallographic symmetries. The cluster exhibits D2h symmetry with the tris(dimethylamino)cyclopropenium cation [C3(NMe2)3]+, C2h symmetry with the fluorinated cation [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)(NBu2)2]+ (containing two 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl substituents) and C2v symmetry with the more fluorinated [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)2(NBu2)]+ cation. The effect of symmetry on the infrared spectra of the dichloride ion‐pair clusters, as well as deuterated analogues, has been investigated. The D2h‐ and C2h‐symmetric clusters each exhibit two stretching bands in the infrared at 3427 and 3368 cm−1 for D2h symmetry and 3444 and 3392 cm−1 for C2h symmetry, whereas the C2v‐symmetric cluster exhibits three bands at 3475, 3426 and 3373 cm−1. Computational studies were carried out on a [Cl2(H2O)2]2− cluster with C2v symmetry to aid the infrared band assignments.
A Low‐Cost Tebuconazole‐Based Screening Test for Azole‐Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Brackin Amelie P. , Shelton Jennifer M. G. , Abdolrasouli Alireza , Fisher Matthew C. , Sewell Thomas R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe global emergence of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is resulting in health and food security concerns. Rapid diagnostics and environmental surveillance methods are key to understanding the distribution and prevalence of azole resistance. However, such methods are often associated with high costs and are not always applicable to laboratories based in the least‐developed countries. Here, we present and validate a low‐cost screening protocol that can be used to differentiate between azole‐susceptible “wild‐type” and azole‐resistant A. fumigatus isolates. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of Tebucheck multi‐well platesBasic Protocol 2: Inoculation of Tebucheck multi‐well plates
An experimental test of the impact of corporate social responsibility on consumers' purchasing behavior: The mediation role of trust
Authors: Tian Yuan , Hung Chiako , Frumkin Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTechnology companies have widely used corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a strategy to attract more consumers. However, little is known about which specific CSR practices work best to shape consumers' purchasing behavior. This study adopts a between‐subject lab experiment to investigate the effects of four different kinds of CSR practices on consumers' purchasing behavior and to understand their underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that CSR in the domain of environmental protection is most influential for a high‐tech company when it comes to attracting consumers and driving purchasing behavior. Additionally, the results indicate a mediating role of consumers' trust in the CSR purchasing relationship. This study suggests that high‐tech companies seeking to maximize sales should consider focusing their CSR practices on the environmental domain and should view consumers' trust as a critical end rather than a means to greater profits.
A systematic review of factors associated with uncontrolled diabetes and meta‐analysis of its prevalence in Saudi Arabia since 2006
Authors: Alsuliman Mohammed A. , Alotaibi Saad A. , Zhang Qi , Durgampudi Praveen K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study aims to systematically review the literature for risk factors associated with poor glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Saudi Arabia (SA) and conducts a meta‐analysis of its prevalence. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, we searched the Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL Plus databases from May to November 2018. The search terms were T2DM, glycaemic control, and SA. The inclusion criteria include the following: observational studies which were conducted in T2DM patients in SA reporting prevalence or/and personal, psychological or behavioural predictors in papers published after 2006. Articles were assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) tool. Studies included in the meta‐analysis defined uncontrolled T2DM as glycated haemoglobin ≥7% (53 mmol/mol), and reported results were based on a random‐effects model. Eighteen of the following articles (3 retrospective cohort studies, 1 case–control study, and 14 cross‐sectional studies) were included. The quality of the studies (high: 2; moderate: 7, and low: 9) varied. The pooled prevalence of uncontrolled T2DM in SA was 77.7% (95% CI, 71.2–84.2). In the included studies, the most consistent predictors of poor glycaemic control were longer diabetes duration, lack of self‐efficacy, and low knowledge of diabetes. However, significant variations in research designs were observed across the studies. A national diabetes prevention and treatment program is needed to lessen the burden of diabetes in SA. Future studies should address the personal, psychological, and behavioural factors of poor glycaemic control in SA at national level.
Relationship between eating disorder duration and treatment outcome: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Radunz Marcela , Keegan Ella , Osenk Ivana , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis examine the contribution of duration to treatment outcome for eating disorders.MethodStudies (n = 31) were identified that examined associations (r) between duration and 45 different outcomes. We were unable to extract r for seven studies (9 outcomes) and extracted r for 36 outcomes across 24 studies (2,349 participants). Indicators of treatment outcome were heterogeneous and thus a series of different meta‐analyses, aimed at increasing homogeneity, were conducted.ResultsFirst, we examined the average effect size for one primary eating disorder related outcome from each of the 24 studies. There was no association between duration and treatment outcome (r = .05, 95% CI: −.03:.13), with high heterogeneity. Second, we conducted three sub‐group analyses to explore possible sources of heterogeneity (diagnosis: anorexia nervosa versus bulimia nervosa; nature of the outcome: binary versus continuous; or type of outcome: binary indicator of recovery, eating disorder psychopathology, weight gain). There was no significant moderation or associations between duration and outcome (ranging from .02–.08), with low to medium heterogeneity. Third, two stand‐alone analyses examined outcomes related to weight gain (n = 8) and eating disorder psychopathology (n = 5), with nonsignificant rs of .23/−.06, respectively. High levels of heterogeneity were present.DiscussionDuration did not influence treatment outcome across any of our meta‐analyses. Increasing homogeneity and power will allow more stable estimates of the impact of duration on outcome to be calculated; to this end, future treatment studies should include outcome related to weight gain (anorexia nervosa) and improvements in eating disorder psychopathology.
Fine‐scale habitat selection by sympatric Canada lynx and bobcat
Authors: Morin Samantha J. , Bowman Jeff , Marrotte Robby R. , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) and the bobcat(Lynx rufus) are closely related species with overlap at their range peripheries, but the factors that limit each species and the interactions between them are not well understood. Habitat selection is a hierarchical process, in which selection at higher orders (geographic range, home range) may constrain selection at lower orders (within the home range). Habitat selection at a very fine scale within the home range has been less studied for both lynx and bobcat compared to selection at broader spatiotemporal scales. To compare this fourth‐order habitat selection by the two species in an area of sympatry, we tracked lynx and bobcat during the winters of 2017 and 2018 on the north shore of Lake Huron, Ontario. We found that both lynx and bobcat selected shallower snow, higher snowshoe hare abundance, and higher amounts of coniferous forest at the fourth order. However, the two species were spatially segregated at the second order, and lynx were found in areas with deeper snow, more snowshoe hare, and more coniferous forest. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the lynx and bobcat select different resources at the second order, assorting along an environmental gradient in the study area, and that competition is unlikely to be occurring between the two species at finer scales.
Long‐lived larch clones may conserve adaptations that could restrict treeline migration in northern Siberia
Authors: Kruse Stefan , Kolmogorov Aleksey I. , Pestryakova Luidmila A. , Herzschuh Ulrike 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of refugia beyond the arctic treeline and genetic adaptation therein play a crucial role of largely unknown effect size. While refugia have potential for rapidly colonizing the tundra under global warming, the taxa may be maladapted to the new environmental conditions. Understanding the genetic composition and age of refugia is thus crucial for predicting any migration response.Here, we genotype 194 larch individuals from an ~1.8 km2 area in northcentral Siberia on the southern Taimyr Peninsula by applying an assay of 16 nuclear microsatellite markers. For estimating the age of clonal individuals, we counted tree rings at sections along branches to establish a lateral growth rate that was then combined with geographic distance.Findings reveal that the predominant reproduction type is clonal (58.76%) by short distance spreading of ramets. One outlier of clones 1 km apart could have been dispersed by reindeer. In clonal groups and within individuals, we find that somatic mutations accumulate with geographic distance. Clonal groups of two or more individuals are observed. Clonal age estimates regularly suggest individuals as old as 2,200 years, which coincides with a major environmental change that forced a treeline retreat in the region.We conclude that individuals with clonal growth mode were naturally selected as it lowers the likely risk of extinction under a harsh environment. We discuss this legacy from the past that might now be a maladaptation and hinder expansion under currently strongly increasing temperatures.
Contrasting mitochondrial diversity of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) across three invasive continental distributions
Authors: Bodt Louise Hart , Rollins Lee Ann , Zichello Julia M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEuropean starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) represent one of the most widespread and problematic avian invasive species in the world. Understanding their unique population history and current population dynamics can contribute to conservation efforts and clarify evolutionary processes over short timescales. European starlings were introduced to Central Park, New York in 1890, and from a founding group of about 100 birds, they have expanded across North America with a current population of approximately 200 million. There were also multiple introductions in Australia in the mid‐19th century and at least one introduction in South Africa in the late 19th century. Independent introductions on these three continents provide a robust system to investigate invasion genetics. In this study, we compare mitochondrial diversity in European starlings from North America, Australia, and South Africa, and a portion of the native range in the United Kingdom. Of the three invasive ranges, the North American population shows the highest haplotype diversity and evidence of both sudden demographic and spatial expansion. Comparatively, the Australian population shows the lowest haplotype diversity, but also shows evidence for sudden demographic and spatial expansion. South Africa is intermediate to the other invasive populations in genetic diversity but does not show evidence of demographic expansion. In previous studies, population genetic structure was found in Australia, but not in South Africa. Here we find no evidence of population structure in North America. Although all invasive populations share haplotypes with the native range, only one haplotype is shared between invasive populations. This suggests these three invasive populations represent independent subsamples of the native range. The structure of the haplotype network implies that the native‐range sampling does not comprehensively characterize the genetic diversity there. This study represents the most geographically widespread analysis of European starling population genetics to date.
Habitat matters – Strong genetic and epigenetic differentiation in Linum catharticum from dry and wet grasslands
Authors: Pagel Ellen , Poschlod Peter , Reisch Christoph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlant species differ in their ecological amplitude, with some species occurring in very different habitats under strongly differentiated environmental conditions. We were interested in to what extent the occurrence of Linum catharticum in dry calcareous grasslands (Bromion) and wet litter meadows (Molinion), two habitats on opposing ends concerning, for example, moisture level, is reflected on the genetic and epigenetic level. Using AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphisms) and MSAP (methylation sensitive amplification polymorphisms) analyses, we studied the genetic and epigenetic variation of L. catharticum from calcareous grasslands and litter meadows. From each habitat, we included five study sites with 16 individuals per sampling location. We observed lower genetic than epigenetic diversity, but considerable differentiation among habitats, which was stronger on the genetic than the epigenetic level. Additionally, we observed a strong correlation of genetic and epigenetic distance, irrespective of geographic distance. The dataset included a large portion of fragments exclusively found in individuals from one or the other habitat. Some epigenetic fragments even occurred in different methylation states depending on the habitat. We conclude that environmental effects act on both the genetic and epigenetic level, producing the clear differentiation among plant individuals from calcareous grasslands and litter meadows. These results may also point into the direction of ecotype formation in this species.
Cool as a moose: How can browsing counteract climate warming effects across boreal forest ecosystems?
Authors: Vuorinen Katariina E. M. , Kolstad Anders L. , De Vriendt Laurent , Austrheim Gunnar , Tremblay Jean‐Pierre , Solberg Erling J. , Speed James D. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHerbivory has potential to modify vegetation responses to climatic changes. However, climate and herbivory also affect each other, and rarely work in isolation from other ecological factors, such as plant–plant competition. Thus, it is challenging to predict the extent to which herbivory can counteract, amplify, or interact with climate impacts on ecosystems. Here, we investigate how moose modify climatic responses of boreal trees by using experimental exclosures on two continents and modeling complex causal pathways including several climatic factors, multiple tree species, competition, tree height, time, food availability, and herbivore presence, density, and browsing intensity. We show that moose can counteract, that is, “cool down” positive temperature responses of trees, but that this effect varies between species depending on moose foraging preferences. Growth of preferred deciduous trees was strongly affected by moose, whereas growth of less preferred conifers was mostly driven by climate and tree height. In addition, moose changed temperature responses of rowan in Norway and balsam fir in Canada, by making fir more responsive to temperature but decreasing the strength of the temperature response of rowan. Snow protected trees from browsing, and therefore moose “cooling power” might increase should a warming climate result in decreased snow cover. Furthermore, we found evidence of indirect effects of moose via plant–plant competition: By constraining growth of competing trees, moose can contribute positively to the growth of other trees. Our study shows that in boreal forests, herbivory cooling power is highly context dependent, and in order to understand its potential to prevent changes induced by warming climate, species differences, snow, competition, and climate effects on browsing need to be considered.
Assessment of the reliability of vanadium‐redox flow batteries
Authors: Reichelt Florian , Müller Karsten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRedox flow batteries are an interesting energy storage technology because they allow separate scaling of power and capacity. For their utilization on large scale, it is crucial to ensure reliable operation. Failure modes of elements of the system have been evaluated, both, regarding failure rate and severity of the different failures. As the main failure mode directly linked to a specific component of the redox flow technology, degradation of the membrane due to oxidation by vanadium ions has been identified. However, it is demonstrated that reliability is not solely determined by the specific electrochemistry of the technology. A huge share of the overall failure rate is due to mechanical components such as pumps, valves, and sealing. Based on the findings it can be recommended to design the systems with a certain redundancy regarding cells and pumps but avoid excessive redundancy. This is crucial not only because of high CAPEX of redundant systems, but also because of the increased complexity with more valves and connections required for integrating redundant units.
A numerical study of entropy generation in radiative Casson nanofluid flow
Authors: Oyelakin Ibukun Sarah , Sibanda Precious 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigate entropy generation in a Casson nanofluid flow over a moving wedge. The system is subjected to radiation‐conduction interaction while the fluid transport properties are variable. In some earlier studies, fluid transport properties like viscosity and thermal conductivity, if not constant, depended on the fluid temperature. However, in this study, we assume fluid transport properties that depend on the nanoparticle volume fraction. In addition, we assume free nanoparticle movement and thermophoretic diffusion at the concentration boundary. We linearize the transport equations, and solve using a spectral collocation technique. We present an analysis of the accuracy and convergence rate of the method and give a comparison with earlier studies. The impact of some parameters on entropy generation, drag coefficient, heat, and mass transport is discussed. The study shows, among other results, that irreversibility due to heat transfer is a potent factor in the entropy generation rate. An increase in the variable viscosity increases fluid motion and species concentration but reduces the fluid temperature. The variable thermal conductivity parameter reduces the temperature profiles, but the variable mass diffusivity leads to an increase in the nanoparticle concentration profiles. Here, we assume linear variable transport properties that are dependent on the nanoparticle concentration. Future extensions could, for example, focus on exponential variable transport properties, with nanoparticle concentration‐dependence.
A spatiotemporal model for multivariate occupancy data
Authors: Hepler Staci A. , Erhardt Robert J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a multivariate occupancy model to simultaneously model the presence/absence of multiple species, and demonstrate its use with a goal of estimating parameters related to occupancy. The proposed model accounts for both spatial and temporal dependence within each species, as well as dependence across all species. These dependencies are addressed through random effects, defined so there is no confounding with estimating occupancy covariate effects. Data augmentation and specific choices for the random effects permit all Gibbs updates in the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, making the model computationally efficient and scalable with the number of species and size of spatial domain. A simulation study shows that the model outperforms single‐species spatiotemporal occupancy models with regard to estimating occupancy parameters. We demonstrate the model with a three species camera trap study on Thomson's gazelle, wildebeest, and zebra in the Serengeti National Park of Tanzania, Africa.
Elucidating the source–sink relationships of zinc biofortification in wheat grains: A review
Authors: Xia Haiyong , Wang Lan , Qiao Yuetong , Kong Weilin , Xue Yanhui , Wang Zongshuai , Kong Lingan , Xue Yanfang , Sizmur Tom 
Published: August 2020

AbstractZinc (Zn) concentration in wheat grains is generally low, with an average value of around 28–30 mg/kg. Therefore, increasing wheat grain Zn concentration for better human health is the focus of HarvestPlus global initiatives. Source–sink interactions have been intensively studied for decades to enhance crop yield potential, but less on grain nutritional quality. This review applies concepts of source, sink, and their interactions to the study of wheat grain Zn nutrition and biofortification. Increasing Zn sources to wheat (via soil and foliar application) could directly enlarge available Zn in vegetative tissues and grain Zn sink. Rational nitrogen (N) supply increases grain Zn accumulation (N‐Zn synergism), but phosphorus (P) input generally decreases (P‐Zn antagonism), and the potassium (K) effect is unclear. Conventional and genetic breeding have potential to stimulate Zn flow from source to sink (uptake from soil, root‐to‐shoot translocation, and remobilization). However, a rational manipulation to establish a well‐coordinated source–sink relationship is required to finally realize the grain Zn target (40–50 mg/kg) and increase on‐farm crop yield. Future studies should focus more on fertilization modes adopted by farmers (uses of compound, slow/controlled release, and organic and microbial fertilizers) and develop integrated agronomic and genetic strategies for Zn biofortification. A highly systematic and mechanistic model includes (a) migration paths of Zn (particularly from leaves to different grain parts) using isotopic labeling methods, (b) cross‐talks between Zn and carbon, N, P, K, or other divalent cations, (c) inherent physiological and biochemical processes of enzymes and signaling phytohormones, and (d) complex genetic systems governing Zn homeostasis and their relationships with other nutrients, signaling molecules, and increase or dilution/penalty of yield under different environmental conditions (soil, water, and future climatic changes) and managements (breeding and fertilization). These aspects require further elucidation to fully unravel the “black box” of Zn flow from source to sink.