bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of whey protein on energy intake, appetite and gastric emptying in younger and older, obese men
Authors: Oberoi Avneet , Giezenaar Caroline , Jensen Caroline , Lange Kylie , Hausken Trygve , Jones Karen L. , Horowitz Michael , Chapman Ian , Soenen Stijn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity is becoming more prevalent in older people. A management strategy in obese, young adults is to increase dietary protein relative to other macronutrients. It is not clear if this is effective in obese, older individuals. Obesity may be associated with diminished sensitivity to nutrients. We have reported that a 30-g whey protein drink slows gastric emptying more, and suppresses energy intake less, in older, than younger, non-obese men. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a 30 g whey protein drink on energy intake, GE and glycaemia in obese, older and younger men.MethodsIn randomized, double-blind order, 10 younger (age: 27 ± 2 years; BMI: 36 ± 2 kg/m²), and 10 older (72 ± 1 years; 33 ± 1 kg/m²), obese men were studied twice. After an overnight fast, subjects ingested a test drink containing 30 g whey protein (120 kcal) or control (2 kcal). Postprandial gastric emptying (antral area, 2D Ultrasound) and blood glucose concentrations were measured for 180 min. Att = 180 min subjects were given a buffet meal andad libitumenergy intake was assessed.ResultsOlder subjects ate non-significantly less (~20%) that the younger subjects (effect of age,P = 0.16). Whey protein had no effect on subsequent energy intake (kcal) compared to control in either the younger (decrease 3 ± 8%) or older (decrease 2 ± 8%) obese men (age effectP > 0.05, protein effectP = 0.46, age × protein interaction effectP = 0.84). Whey protein slowed gastric emptying, to a similar degree in both age groups (50% emptying time: control vs. protein young men: 255 ± 5 min vs. 40 ± 7 min; older men: 16 ± 5 min vs. 50 ± 8 min; protein effectP = 0.001, age effectP = 0.93, age × protein interaction effectP = 0.13).ConclusionsOur data suggest that obesity may blunt/abolish the age-related effect of whey protein on suppression of energy intake.
Shaping the role of germanium vacancies in germanium telluride: metastable cubic structure stabilization, band structure modification, and stable N-type conduction
Authors: Liu Zihang , Sato Naoki , Guo Quansheng , Gao Weihong , Mori Takao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling point defects in semiconductors are essential for developing advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices. Germanium telluride (GeTe), a semiconductor with a rhombohedral-to-cubic structural phase transition and a high concentration of intrinsic vacancies on the Ge sublattice, has recently attracted much interest for thermoelectric applications. However, the role of Ge vacancies in structural change and performance optimization remains obscure. Herein, we first unraveled the importance of Ge vacancies by combining first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory. It is revealed that (1) Ge vacancies are more likely to spontaneously form in cubic GeTe, addressing its defective character; (2) Ge vacancies play a vital role in stabilizing cubic GeTe; and (3) Ge vacancies produce unfavorable band structure modification, leading to a reduced power factor. The following experiment found that AgInTe2 alloying promotes a symmetry change from rhombohedral to cubic and deteriorates the thermoelectric performance, in good agreement with the abovementioned conclusions. More importantly, a single-phase cubic GeTe-based material with stable n-type conduction was first discovered based on the defect chemistry approach. Our findings shed new light on the critical role of Ge vacancies in the structure-property relationship and stimulate the strategy of point defect engineering for future thermoelectric applications.
GABA uptake transporters support dopamine release in dorsal striatum with maladaptive downregulation in a parkinsonism model
Authors: Roberts Bradley M. , Doig Natalie M. , Brimblecombe Katherine R. , Lopes Emanuel F. , Siddorn Ruth E. , Threlfell Sarah , Connor-Robson Natalie , Bengoa-Vergniory Nora , Pasternack Nicholas , Wade-Martins Richard , Magill Peter J. , Cragg Stephanie J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStriatal dopamine (DA) is critical for action and learning. Recent data show that DA release is under tonic inhibition by striatal GABA. Ambient striatal GABA tone on striatal projection neurons can be determined by plasma membrane GABA uptake transporters (GATs) located on astrocytes and neurons. However, whether striatal GATs and astrocytes determine DA output are unknown. We reveal that DA release in mouse dorsolateral striatum, but not nucleus accumbens core, is governed by GAT-1 and GAT-3. These GATs are partly localized to astrocytes, and are enriched in dorsolateral striatum compared to accumbens core. In a mouse model of early parkinsonism, GATs are downregulated, tonic GABAergic inhibition of DA release augmented, and nigrostriatal GABA co-release attenuated. These data define previously unappreciated and important roles for GATs and astrocytes in supporting DA release in striatum, and reveal a maladaptive plasticity in early parkinsonism that impairs DA output in vulnerable striatal regions.
Inhibition of oxygen dimerization by local symmetry tuning in Li-rich layered oxides for improved stability
Authors: Ning Fanghua , Li Biao , Song Jin , Zuo Yuxuan , Shang Huaifang , Zhao Zimeng , Yu Zhen , Chu Wangsheng , Zhang Kun , Feng Guang , Wang Xiayan , Xia Dingguo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLi-rich layered oxide cathode materials show high capacities in lithium-ion batteries owing to the contribution of the oxygen redox reaction. However, structural accommodation of this reaction usually results in O–O dimerization, leading to oxygen release and poor electrochemical performance. In this study, we propose a new structural response mechanism inhibiting O–O dimerization for the oxygen redox reaction by tuning the local symmetry around the oxygen ions. Compared with regular Li2RuO3, the structural response of the as-prepared local-symmetry-tuned Li2RuO3 to the oxygen redox reaction involves the telescopic O–Ru–O configuration rather than O–O dimerization, which inhibits oxygen release, enabling significantly enhanced cycling stability and negligible voltage decay. This discovery of the new structural response mechanism for the oxygen redox reaction will provide a new scope for the strategy of enhancing the anionic redox stability, paving unexplored pathways toward further development of high capacity Li-rich layered oxides.
Format chain exchange (FORCE) for high-throughput generation of bispecific antibodies in combinatorial binder-format matrices
Authors: Dengl Stefan , Mayer Klaus , Bormann Felix , Duerr Harald , Hoffmann Eike , Nussbaum Bianca , Tischler Michael , Wagner Martina , Kuglstatter Andreas , Leibrock Lea , Buldun Can , Georges Guy , Brinkmann Ulrich 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGeneration of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) requires a combination of compatible binders in formats that support desired functionalities. Here, we report that bsAb-matrices can be generated by Format Chain Exchange (FORCE), enabling screening of combinatorial binder/format spaces. Input molecules for generation of bi/multi-valent bsAbs are monospecific entities similar to knob-into-hole half-antibodies, yet with complementary CH3-interface-modulated and affinity-tagged dummy-chains. These contain mutations that lead to limited interface repulsions without compromising expression or biophysical properties of educts. Mild reduction of combinations of educts triggers spontaneous chain-exchange reactions driven by partially flawed CH3-educt interfaces resolving to perfect complementarity. This generates large bsAb matrices harboring different binders in multiple formats. Benign biophysical properties and good expression yields of educts, combined with simplicity of purification enables process automation. Examples that demonstrate the relevance of screening binder/format combinations are provided as a matrix of bsAbs that simultaneously bind Her1/Her2 and DR5 without encountering binder or format-inflicted interferences.
Observation of two-dimensional Anderson localisation of ultracold atoms
Authors: White Donald H. , Haase Thomas A. , Brown Dylan J. , Hoogerland Maarten D. , Najafabadi Mojdeh S. , Helm John L. , Gies Christopher , Schumayer Daniel , Hutchinson David A. W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnderson localisation —the inhibition of wave propagation in disordered media— is a surprising interference phenomenon which is particularly intriguing in two-dimensional (2D) systems. While an ideal, non-interacting 2D system of infinite size is always localised, the localisation length-scale may be too large to be unambiguously observed in an experiment. In this sense, 2D is a marginal dimension between one-dimension, where all states are strongly localised, and three-dimensions, where a well-defined phase transition between localisation and delocalisation exists as the energy is increased. Here, we report the results of an experiment measuring the 2D transport of ultracold atoms between two reservoirs, which are connected by a channel containing pointlike disorder. The design overcomes many of the technical challenges that have hampered observation of localisation in previous works. We experimentally observe exponential localisation in a 2D ultracold atom system.
Disease trajectory browser for exploring temporal, population-wide disease progression patterns in 7.2 million Danish patients
Authors: Siggaard Troels , Reguant Roc , Jørgensen Isabella F. , Haue Amalie D. , Lademann Mette , Aguayo-Orozco Alejandro , Hjaltelin Jessica X. , Jensen Anders Boeck , Banasik Karina , Brunak Søren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present the Danish Disease Trajectory Browser (DTB), a tool for exploring almost 25 years of data from the Danish National Patient Register. In the dataset comprising 7.2 million patients and 122 million admissions, users can identify diagnosis pairs with statistically significant directionality and combine them to linear disease trajectories. Users can search for one or more disease codes (ICD-10 classification) and explore disease progression patterns via an array of functionalities. For example, a set of linear trajectories can be merged into a disease trajectory network displaying the entire multimorbidity spectrum of a disease in a single connected graph. Using data from the Danish Register for Causes of Death mortality is also included. The tool is disease-agnostic across both rare and common diseases and is showcased by exploring multimorbidity in Down syndrome (ICD-10 code Q90) and hypertension (ICD-10 code I10). Finally, we show how search results can be customized and exported from the browser in a format of choice (i.e. JSON, PNG, JPEG and CSV).
Discovery of beneficial haplotypes for complex traits in maize landraces
Authors: Mayer Manfred , Hölker Armin C. , González-Segovia Eric , Bauer Eva , Presterl Thomas , Ouzunova Milena , Melchinger Albrecht E. , Schön Chris-Carolin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenetic variation is of crucial importance for crop improvement. Landraces are valuable sources of diversity, but for quantitative traits efficient strategies for their targeted utilization are lacking. Here, we map haplotype-trait associations at high resolution in ~1000 doubled-haploid lines derived from three maize landraces to make their native diversity for early development traits accessible for elite germplasm improvement. A comparative genomic analysis of the discovered haplotypes in the landrace-derived lines and a panel of 65 breeding lines, both genotyped with 600k SNPs, points to untapped beneficial variation for target traits in the landraces. The superior phenotypic performance of lines carrying favorable landrace haplotypes as compared to breeding lines with alternative haplotypes confirms these findings. Stability of haplotype effects across populations and environments as well as their limited effects on undesired traits indicate that our strategy has high potential for harnessing beneficial haplotype variation for quantitative traits from genetic resources.
Multi-omics prediction of immune-related adverse events during checkpoint immunotherapy
Authors: Jing Ying , Liu Jin , Ye Youqiong , Pan Lei , Deng Hui , Wang Yushu , Yang Yang , Diao Lixia , Lin Steven H. , Mills Gordon B. , Zhuang Guanglei , Xue Xinying , Han Leng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmune-related adverse events (irAEs), caused by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, can lead to fulminant and even fatal consequences and thus require early detection and aggressive management. However, a comprehensive approach to identify biomarkers of irAE is lacking. Here, we utilize a strategy that combines pharmacovigilance data and omics data, and evaluate associations between multi-omics factors and irAE reporting odds ratio across different cancer types. We identify a bivariate regression model of LCP1 and ADPGK that can accurately predict irAE. We further validate LCP1 and ADPGK as biomarkers in an independent patient-level cohort. Our approach provides a method for identifying potential biomarkers of irAE in cancer immunotherapy using both pharmacovigilance data and multi-omics data.
Overestimation of the effect of climatic warming on spring phenology due to misrepresentation of chilling
Authors: Wang Huanjiong , Wu Chaoyang , Ciais Philippe , Peñuelas Josep , Dai Junhu , Fu Yongshuo , Ge Quansheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpring warming substantially advances leaf unfolding and flowering time for perennials. Winter warming, however, decreases chilling accumulation (CA), which increases the heat requirement (HR) and acts to delay spring phenology. Whether or not this negative CA-HR relationship is correctly interpreted in ecosystem models remains unknown. Using leaf unfolding and flowering data for 30 perennials in Europe, here we show that more than half (7 of 12) of current chilling models are invalid since they show a positive CA-HR relationship. The possible reason is that they overlook the effect of freezing temperature on dormancy release. Overestimation of the advance in spring phenology by the end of this century by these invalid chilling models could be as large as 7.6 and 20.0 days under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Our results highlight the need for a better representation of chilling for the correct understanding of spring phenological responses to future climate change.
Targeted scavenging of extracellular ROS relieves suppressive immunogenic cell death
Authors: Deng Hongzhang , Yang Weijing , Zhou Zijian , Tian Rui , Lin Lisen , Ma Ying , Song Jibin , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) and tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes are severely weakened by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumour microenvironment. It is therefore of critical importance to modulate the level of extracellular ROS for the reversal of immunosuppressive environment. Here, we present a tumour extracellular matrix (ECM) targeting ROS nanoscavenger masked by pH sensitive covalently crosslinked polyethylene glycol. The nanoscavenger anchors on the ECM to sweep away the ROS from tumour microenvironment to relieve the immunosuppressive ICD elicited by specific chemotherapy and prolong the survival of T cells for personalized cancer immunotherapy. In a breast cancer model, elimination of the ROS in tumour microenvironment elicited antitumour immunity and increased infiltration of T lymphocytes, resulting in highly potent antitumour effect. The study highlights a strategy to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by scavenging extracellular ROS using advanced nanomaterials.
TASOR is a pseudo-PARP that directs HUSH complex assembly and epigenetic transposon control
Authors: Douse Christopher H. , Tchasovnikarova Iva A. , Timms Richard T. , Protasio Anna V. , Seczynska Marta , Prigozhin Daniil M. , Albecka Anna , Wagstaff Jane , Williamson James C. , Freund Stefan M. V. , Lehner Paul J. , Modis Yorgo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe HUSH complex represses retroviruses, transposons and genes to maintain the integrity of vertebrate genomes. HUSH regulates deposition of the epigenetic mark H3K9me3, but how its three core subunits — TASOR, MPP8 and Periphilin — contribute to assembly and targeting of the complex remains unknown. Here, we define the biochemical basis of HUSH assembly and find that its modular architecture resembles the yeast RNA-induced transcriptional silencing complex. TASOR, the central HUSH subunit, associates with RNA processing components. TASOR is required for H3K9me3 deposition over LINE-1 repeats and repetitive exons in transcribed genes. In the context of previous studies, this suggests that an RNA intermediate is important for HUSH activity. We dissect the TASOR and MPP8 domains necessary for transgene repression. Structure-function analyses reveal TASOR bears a catalytically-inactive PARP domain necessary for targeted H3K9me3 deposition. We conclude that TASOR is a multifunctional pseudo-PARP that directs HUSH assembly and epigenetic regulation of repetitive genomic targets.
SARS-CoV2-mediated suppression of NRF2-signaling reveals potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of 4-octyl-itaconate and dimethyl fumarate
Authors: Olagnier David , Farahani Ensieh , Thyrsted Jacob , Blay-Cadanet Julia , Herengt Angela , Idorn Manja , Hait Alon , Hernaez Bruno , Knudsen Alice , Iversen Marie Beck , Schilling Mirjam , Jørgensen Sofie E. , Thomsen Michelle , Reinert Line S. , Lappe Michael , Hoang Huy-Dung , Gilchrist Victoria H. , Hansen Anne Louise , Ottosen Rasmus , Nielsen Camilla G. , Møller Charlotte , van der Horst Demi , Peri Suraj , Balachandran Siddharth , Huang Jinrong , Jakobsen Martin , Svenningsen Esben B. , Poulsen Thomas B. , Bartsch Lydia , Thielke Anne L. , Luo Yonglun , Alain Tommy , Rehwinkel Jan , Alcamí Antonio , Hiscott John , Mogensen Trine H. , Paludan Søren R. , Holm Christian K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAntiviral strategies to inhibit Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and the pathogenic consequences of COVID-19 are urgently required. Here, we demonstrate that the NRF2 antioxidant gene expression pathway is suppressed in biopsies obtained from COVID-19 patients. Further, we uncover that NRF2 agonists 4-octyl-itaconate (4-OI) and the clinically approved dimethyl fumarate (DMF) induce a cellular antiviral program that potently inhibits replication of SARS-CoV2 across cell lines. The inhibitory effect of 4-OI and DMF extends to the replication of several other pathogenic viruses including Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and-2, Vaccinia virus, and Zika virus through a type I interferon (IFN)-independent mechanism. In addition, 4-OI and DMF limit host inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV2 infection associated with airway COVID-19 pathology. In conclusion, NRF2 agonists 4-OI and DMF induce a distinct IFN-independent antiviral program that is broadly effective in limiting virus replication and in suppressing the pro-inflammatory responses of human pathogenic viruses, including SARS-CoV2.
Evolution of communication signals and information during species radiation
Authors: Garcia Maxime , Theunissen Frédéric , Sèbe Frédéric , Clavel Julien , Ravignani Andrea , Marin-Cudraz Thibaut , Fuchs Jérôme , Mathevon Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCommunicating species identity is a key component of many animal signals. However, whether selection for species recognition systematically increases signal diversity during clade radiation remains debated. Here we show that in woodpecker drumming, a rhythmic signal used during mating and territorial defense, the amount of species identity information encoded remained stable during woodpeckers’ radiation. Acoustic analyses and evolutionary reconstructions show interchange among six main drumming types despite strong phylogenetic contingencies, suggesting evolutionary tinkering of drumming structure within a constrained acoustic space. Playback experiments and quantification of species discriminability demonstrate sufficient signal differentiation to support species recognition in local communities. Finally, we only find character displacement in the rare cases where sympatric species are also closely related. Overall, our results illustrate how historical contingencies and ecological interactions can promote conservatism in signals during a clade radiation without impairing the effectiveness of information transfer relevant to inter-specific discrimination.
Ternary MOF-on-MOF heterostructures with controllable architectural and compositional complexity via multiple selective assembly
Authors: Liu Chao , Sun Qiang , Lin Lina , Wang Jing , Zhang Chaoqi , Xia Chunhong , Bao Tong , Wan Jingjing , Huang Rong , Zou Jin , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAssembly of different metal-organic framework (MOF) building blocks into hybrid MOF-on-MOF heterostructures is promising in chemistry and materials science, however the development of ternary MOF-on-MOF heterostructures with controllable architectural and compositional complexity is challenging. Here we report the synthesis of three types of ternary MOF-on-MOF heterostructures via a multiple selective assembly strategy. This strategy relies on the choice of one host MOF with more than one facet that can arrange the growth of a guest MOF, where the arrangement is site-selective without homogenous growth of guest MOF or homogenous coating of guest on host MOF. The growth of guest MOF on a selected site of host MOF in each step provides the opportunity to further vary the combinations of arrangements in multiple steps, leading to ternary MOF-on-MOF heterostructures with tunable complexity. The developed strategy paves the way towards the rational design of intricate and unprecedented MOF-based superstructures for various applications.
A global database of plant production and carbon exchange from global change manipulative experiments
Authors: Song Jian , Ru Jingyi , Zheng Mengmei , Wang Haidao , Fan Yongge , Yue Xiaojing , Yu Kejia , Zhou Zhenxing , Shao Pengshuai , Han Hongyan , Lei Lingjie , Zhang Qian , Li Xiaoming , Su Fanglong , Zhang Kesheng , Wan Shiqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNumerous ecosystem manipulative experiments have been conducted since 1970/80 s to elucidate responses of terrestrial carbon cycling to the changing atmospheric composition (CO2 enrichment and nitrogen deposition) and climate (warming and changing precipitation regimes), which is crucial for model projection and mitigation of future global change effects. Here, we extract data from 2,242 publications that report global change manipulative experiments and build a comprehensive global database with 5,213 pairs of samples for plant production (productivity, biomass, and litter mass) and ecosystem carbon exchange (gross and net ecosystem productivity as well as ecosystem and soil respiration). Information on climate characteristics and vegetation types of experimental sites as well as experimental facilities and manipulation magnitudes subjected to manipulative experiments are also included in this database. This global database can facilitate the estimation of response and sensitivity of key terrestrial carbon-cycling variables under future global change scenarios, and improve the robust projection of global change‒terrestrial carbon feedbacks imposed by Earth System Models.