bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAPA neuropeptides and their receptor form an anti-diuretic hormone signaling system in the human disease vector, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Sajadi Farwa , Uyuklu Ali , Paputsis Christine , Lajevardi Aryan , Wahedi Azizia , Ber Lindsay Taylor , Matei Andreea , Paluzzi Jean-Paul V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInsect CAPA neuropeptides are homologs of mammalian neuromedin U and are known to influence ion and water balance by regulating the activity of the Malpighian ‘renal’ tubules (MTs). Several diuretic hormones are known to increase primary fluid and ion secretion by insect MTs and, in adult female mosquitoes, a calcitonin-related peptide (DH31) called mosquito natriuretic peptide, increases sodium secretion to compensate for the excess salt load acquired during blood-feeding. An endogenous mosquito anti-diuretic hormone was recently described, having potent inhibitory activity against select diuretic hormones, including DH31. Herein, we functionally deorphanized, both in vitro and in vivo, a mosquito anti-diuretic hormone receptor (AedaeADHr) with expression analysis indicating highest enrichment in the MTs where it is localized within principal cells. Characterization using a heterologous in vitro system demonstrated the receptor was highly sensitive to mosquito CAPA neuropeptides while in vivo, AedaeADHr knockdown abolished CAPA-induced anti-diuretic control of DH31-stimulated MTs. CAPA neuropeptides are produced within a pair of neurosecretory cells in each of the abdominal ganglia, whose axonal projections innervate the abdominal neurohaemal organs, where these neurohormones are released into circulation. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and protein kinase G (PKG) signaling eliminated anti-diuretic activity of CAPA, highlighting the role of the second messenger cGMP and NOS/PKG in this anti-diuretic signaling pathway.
In utero elemental tags in vertebrae of the scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini reveal migration patterns of pregnant females
Authors: Coiraton Claire , Amezcua Felipe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVertebral microchemistry recently allowed to infer the migration patterns of the scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini in the Mexican Pacific, however conclusions regarding the movements of reproductive females were hindered by the small sample size. Considering that S. lewini is a placental viviparous species, maternal supply of nutrients to the embryos might influence their vertebral microchemistry while in utero and provide intrinsic markers of the pregnant female environmental histories. This hypothesis was tested before attempting to infer the migration patterns of pregnant females through the analyses of the in utero elemental profiles quantified in the vertebrae of coastal young-of-the-year (‘YOY’). Vertebrae were obtained from sharks captured along the Mexican Pacific coast in 2016. Vertebral microchemistry was quantified using laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Elemental signatures at vertebral edge were consistent between each pregnant female and her embryos demonstrating the viability of employing in utero elemental signatures as a maternal tag of the gestation-related environmental histories. Analyses of the YOY in utero Sr:Ba and Pb:Ca profiles suggested that pregnant females either (1) progressively migrated offshore before quickly returning to coastal habitats before term or (2) remained nearshore during complete gestation. Considering the endangered status of S. lewini, current management measures may be insufficient for the sustainable management of the population as pregnant females may be particularly susceptible to fisheries when remaining nearshore or entering coastal habitats prior to pupping.
Broadband microwave coding metamaterial absorbers
Authors: Tran Manh Cuong , Pham Van Hai , Ho Tuan Hung , Nguyen Thi Thuy , Do Hoang Tung , Bui Xuan Khuyen , Bui Son Tung , Le Dac Tuyen , Pham The Linh , Vu Dinh Lam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a broadband metamaterial microwave absorber is designed, simulated and measured. Differently from the traditional method which is only based on unit cell boundary conditions, we carried out full-wave finite integration simulations using full-sized configurations. Starting from an elementary unit cell structure, four kinds of coding metamaterial blocks, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4 and 6 × 6 blocks were optimized and then used as building blocks (meta-block) for the construction of numerous 12 × 12 topologies with a realistic size scale. We found the broadband absorption response in the frequency range 16 GHz to 33 GHz, in good agreement with the equivalent medium theory prediction and experimental observation. Considering various applications of metamaterials or metamaterial absorbers in the electromagnetic wave processing, including the radars or satellite communications, requires the frequency in the range up to 40 GHz. Our study could be useful to guide experimental work. Furthermore, compared to the straightforward approach that represents the metamaterials configurations as 12 × 12 matrices of random binary bits (0 and 1), our new approach achieves significant gains in the broadband absorption. Our method also may be applied to the full-sized structures with arbitrary dimensions, and thus provide a useful tool in the design of metamaterials with specific desired frequency ranges.
Comparison of energy expenditure and substrate metabolism during overground and motorized treadmill running in Chinese middle-aged women
Authors: Li Shuo , Xue Jing-jing , Hong Ping , Song Chao , He Zi-hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare differences of energy expenditure and substrate metabolism between motorized-treadmill and overground running in three different velocities in Chinese middle-aged women. In total, 74 healthy middle-aged women (age, 48 ± 4 years; height, 159.4 ± 4.9 cm; weight, 58.6 ± 6.7 kg; and body-mass index (BMI), 23.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in this study. Bioelectrical-impedance analysis was used to measure body composition. Energy expenditure, carbohydrates (CHO), and fat oxidation were calculated with indirect calorimetry during motorized-treadmill and overground running. Running speed from slow to fast was 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0 km/h. The duration of each velocity was 6 min, separated by 5–15 min rest. There was no significant difference in energy expenditure between overground and treadmill running at the speed of 7 km/h (8.10 ± 1.25 vs. 7.75 ± 1.13 kcal/min, p > 0.05). Energy expenditure of overground running at 8 and 9 km/h was higher than that of treadmill running (9.36 ± 1.40 vs. 8.54 ± 1.21 kcal/min; 10.33 ± 1.55 vs. 9.54 ± 1.36 kcal/min; both p < 0.01). Fat contribution to energy consumption was significantly higher during treadmill running than during overground running (both p < 0.01) at speeds of 8 and 9 km/h. Overground running at high intensity incurred greater energy consumption than treadmill running did. However, results showed greater fat utilization during treadmill running than during overground running at high intensity. It is critical that these differences are taken into account when we prescribe training modes and intensities for middle-aged women.
ROR1 regulates chemoresistance in Breast Cancer via modulation of drug efflux pump ABCB1
Authors: Fultang Norman , Illendula Abhinav , Lin Jianhuang , Pandey Manoj K. , Klase Zachary , Peethambaran Bela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChemoresistance is one of the leading causes of mortality in breast cancer (BC). Understanding the molecules regulating chemoresistance is critical in order to combat chemoresistant BC. Drug efflux pump ABCB1 is overexpressed in chemoresistant neoplasms where it effluxes various chemotherapeutic agents from cells. Because it is expressed in normal and cancerous cells alike, attempts at targeting ABCB1 directly have failed due to low specificity and disruption of normal tissue. A proposed method to inhibit ABCB1 is to target its cancer-specific, upstream regulators, mitigating damage to normal tissue. Few such cancer-specific upstream regulators have been described. Here we characterize ROR1 as an upstream regulator of ABCB1. ROR1 is highly expressed during development but not expressed in normal adult tissue. It is however highly expressed in several cancers. ROR1 is overexpressed in chemoresistant BC where it correlates with poor therapy response and tumor recurrence. Our data suggests, ROR1 inhibition sensitizes BC cells to chemo drugs. We also show ROR1 regulates ABCB1 stability and transcription via MAPK/ERK and p53. Validating our overall findings, inhibition of ROR1 directly correlated with decreased efflux of chemo-drugs from cells. Overall, our results highlight ROR1’s potential as a therapeutic target for multidrug resistant malignancies.
Persulfides, at the crossroads between hydrogen sulfide and thiols
Authors: Benchoam Dayana , Cuevasanta Ernesto , Möller Matías N. , Alvarez Beatriz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Persulfides (RSSH/RSS−) can be formed in protein and non-protein thiols (RSH) through several different pathways, some of which are dependent on hydrogen sulfide (H2S/HS−). In addition to their roles in biosynthetic processes, persulfides are possible transducers of physiological effects of H2S through the modification of critical cysteines. Persulfides have a very rich biological chemistry that is currently under investigation. They are more nucleophilic and acidic than thiols and, unlike thiols, they can also be electrophilic. They are especially good one-electron reductants. Methods to detect their formation are under continuous development. In this minireview we describe the pathways of formation of persulfides, their biochemical properties and the techniques available for their detection, and we discuss the possible implications of their formation in biological systems.
3-Nitrotyrosine and related derivatives in proteins: precursors, radical intermediates and impact in function
Authors: Campolo Nicolás , Issoglio Federico M. , Estrin Darío A. , Bartesaghi Silvina , Radi Rafael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Oxidative post-translational modification of proteins by molecular oxygen (O2)- and nitric oxide (•NO)-derived reactive species is a usual process that occurs in mammalian tissues under both physiological and pathological conditions and can exert either regulatory or cytotoxic effects. Although the side chain of several amino acids is prone to experience oxidative modifications, tyrosine residues are one of the preferred targets of one-electron oxidants, given the ability of their phenolic side chain to undergo reversible one-electron oxidation to the relatively stable tyrosyl radical. Naturally occurring as reversible catalytic intermediates at the active site of a variety of enzymes, tyrosyl radicals can also lead to the formation of several stable oxidative products through radical–radical reactions, as is the case of 3-nitrotyrosine (NO2Tyr). The formation of NO2Tyr mainly occurs through the fast reaction between the tyrosyl radical and nitrogen dioxide (•NO2). One of the key endogenous nitrating agents is peroxynitrite (ONOO−), the product of the reaction of superoxide radical (O2•−) with •NO, but ONOO−-independent mechanisms of nitration have been also disclosed. This chemical modification notably affects the physicochemical properties of tyrosine residues and because of this, it can have a remarkable impact on protein structure and function, both in vitro and in vivo. Although low amounts of NO2Tyr are detected under basal conditions, significantly increased levels are found at pathological states related with an overproduction of reactive species, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation and aging. While NO2Tyr is a well-established stable oxidative stress biomarker and a good predictor of disease progression, its role as a pathogenic mediator has been laboriously defined for just a small number of nitrated proteins and awaits further studies.
Enhanced voltage distribution and breakdown strength performances of oil‐paper composite insulation by adding TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Meng , Ying Yupeng , Liu Baixin , Lv Yuzhen , Qi Bo , Li Chengrong 
Published: February 2020

AbtsractOil–paper composite insulation (OPCI) is used as the main insulation material in the converter transformer. However, the dielectric properties of insulating oil and oil‐impregnated paper are markedly mismatched under direct current (DC) voltage, resulting in an unbalanced distribution of voltage, which is considered to be a major cause of large insulation margin but frequent failures. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the voltage distribution in OPCI to enhance its breakdown strength. In this work, surface‐treated TiO2 nanoparticles were employed to modify OPCI. The polarisation current tests revealed that by changing the additive amount of nanoparticles, the polarisation intensities of both oil and oil‐impregnated paper could be adjusted. Based on this, a model taking relaxation polarisations into full consideration was established to analyse the voltage distribution in OPCI and predict the optimal concentration. The prepared OPCI with the concentration of 0.02 g/L has desired balanced voltage distribution due to the influence of nanoparticles on interface charge, and therefore high breakdown strengths under both DC voltage and polarity reversal voltage, which can be increased by 22.6% at most. This work puts forward a novel idea to improve insulation property of OPCI and provides a reference for broader application of nanomaterial in power equipment.
Highly sensitive microgrid protection using overcurrent relays with a novel relay characteristic
Authors: Darabi Ahmad , Bagheri Mehdi , B. Gharehpetian Gevork 
Published: February 2020

Following the high penetration of synchronous generators (SGs) in the power network, optimal overcurrent coordination improvement under faulty conditions has become a crucial problem. To reduce the overcurrent relay operating time, a new overcurrent relay curve is proposed in this study. Then, the overcurrent coordination problem is overcome by using a robust combinatorial optimisation method. Additionally, SG sizing and location is performed to verify the merits of both the proposed relay curve and the applied optimisation algorithm. The proposed relay curve performance is compared with other non‐standard relays characteristic available in the literature for a standard microgrid. Then, the proposed relay curve is applied to both the 8‐bus transmission and the 33 kV distribution portion of the 30‐bus IEEE standard power test systems. Then, the SG transient stability for different fault locations is analysed. Finally, an accurate comparison between the proposed relay curve and standard/non‐standard curves available in the literature is provided by applying the same optimisation method and network topology. The simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed relay curve.
Emitter signals modulation recognition based on discriminative projection and collaborative representation
Authors: Li Dongjin , Yang Ruijuan , Dong Ruijie , Zuo Jiajun 
Published: February 2020

To enhance the modulation recognition performance of emitter signals under low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), a recognition system based on secondary time–frequency distribution, discriminative projection, and collaborative representation is proposed. Firstly, a novel time–frequency processing method, including sparse‐domain noise reduction and secondary feature extraction, is proposed to reduce noise interference and information redundancy in time–frequency images. In this way, secondary time–frequency distribution with high stability and detailed representation is obtained. Then, the classifier based on discriminative projection and collaborative representation was designed to enhance the ability of low‐dimensional representation and between‐class discrimination, which optimised using the mini‐batch random gradient descent method. As shown in the simulation, the overall average recognition success rate of this system aiming at eight types of emitter signals reaches 95.6% at the SNR of −8 dB. Results of simulation and analysis indicate the superiority of the proposed classification system in terms of robustness, timeliness, and adaptability.
The origin of tail-like structures around protoplanetary disks
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Skliarevskii Alexandr M. , Elbakyan Vardan G. , Takami Michihiro , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Akiyama Eiji 
Published: February 2020

Aims. We study the origin of tail-like structures recently detected around the disk of SU Aurigae and several FU Orionis-type stars.
Methods. Dynamic protostellar disks featuring ejections of gaseous clumps and quiescent protoplanetary disks experiencing a close encounter with an intruder star were modeled using the numerical hydrodynamics code FEOSAD. Both the gas and dust dynamics were taken into account, including dust growth and mutual friction between the gas and dust components. Only plane-of-the-disk encounters were considered.
Results. Ejected clumps produce a unique type of tail that is characterized by a bow-shock shape. Such tails originate from the supersonic motion of ejected clumps through the dense envelope that often surrounds young gravitationally unstable protostellar disks. The ejected clumps either sit at the head of the tail-like structure or disperse if their mass is insufficient to withstand the head wind of the envelope. On the other hand, close encounters with quiescent protoplanetary disks produce three types of the tail-like structure; we define these as pre-collisional, post-collisional, and spiral tails. These tails can in principle be distinguished from one another by particular features of the gas and dust flow in and around them. We find that the brown-dwarf-mass intruders do not capture circumintruder disks during the encounter, while the subsolar-mass intruders can acquire appreciable circumintruder disks with elevated dust-to-gas ratios, which can ease their observational detection. However, this is true only for prograde collisions; the retrograde intruders fail to collect appreciable amounts of gas or dust from the disk of the target. The mass of gas in the tail varies in the range 0.85–11.8 MJup, while the total mass of dust lies in the 1.75–30.1 M⊕ range, with the spiral tails featuring the highest masses. The predicted mass of dust in the model tail-like structures is therefore higher than what was inferred for similar structures in SU Aur, FU Ori, and Z CMa, making their observational detection feasible.
Conclusions. Tail-like structures around protostellar and protoplanetary disks can be used to infer interesting phenomena such as clump ejection or close encounters. In particular, the bow-shock morphology of the tails could point to clump ejections as a possible formation mechanism. Further numerical and observational studies are needed to better understand the detectability and properties of the tails.
Aktuelle Standards in der Diagnostik und Therapie aggressiver B-Zell-Lymphome
Authors: Friedrichs Birte , Schmitz Norbert , Lenz Georg 
Published: February 2020

Was ist neu?
Molekulare Charakterisierung aggressiver Lymphome Die sogenannte „cell of origin“-Klassifikation von diffusen großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphomen (DLBCL) ist mittlerweile Bestandteil der revidierten WHO-Klassifikation von 2017. Dabei werden ABC- und GCB-DLBCL unterschieden. In der Praxis erfolgt diese Einteilung in der Regel unter Anwendung der Immunhistochemie, wobei meist der sogenannte Hans-Algorithmus eingesetzt wird.
Erstlinientherapie von DLBCL-Patienten Die Hinzunahme verschiedener zielgerichteter Therapien konnte den Standard von 6–8 Zyklen R-CHOP-Chemoimmunotherapie bislang nicht verändern. Für junge Patienten bis 60 Jahre mit einem International Prognostic Index (IPI) von 0 kann die Therapie auf 4 Zyklen R-CHOP, gefolgt von 2 Applikationen Rituximab, reduziert werden.
Prophylaxe von ZNS-Rezidiven bei DLBCL-Patienten Eine intrathekale Therapie mit chemotherapeutischen Substanzen hat keinen Einfluss auf die Verhinderung von Rezidiven im Bereich des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS). Die Anwendung des ZNS-IPI zur Identifizierung von Patienten mit hohem Risiko für ein ZNS-Rezidiv erscheint sinnvoll, auch wenn es hierzu keine Daten aus randomisierten Studien gibt. Für Patienten mit einem hohen Risiko können 2 systemische Zyklen mit hochdosiertem Methotrexat zusätzlich zur Erstlinientherapie empfohlen werden.
Behandlung von Patienten mit rezidiviertem oder therapierefraktärem DLBCL Patienten mit rezidiviertem und/oder refraktärem DLBCL erhalten eine Salvage-Chemotherapie, gefolgt von autologer oder allogener Stammzelltransplantation. Nach mindestens 2 Vortherapien sind aktuell 2 CAR-T-Zell-Produkte zugelassen. Dadurch erhalten auch ältere Patienten, die ggf. nicht für eine Transplantation infrage kommen, die Chance auf eine kurative Therapieoption.
Ausblick Neue Substanzgruppen wie Antikörper-Medikamenten-Konjugate oder bispezifische Antikörper zeigen in Studien von Patienten mit rezidiviertem oder therapierefraktärem DLBCL sehr vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Aktuell laufende klinische Studien prüfen den Einsatz weiterer neuer Substanzen.
Präventive Geriatrie: kognitiven Abbau verhindern
Authors: Meyer Anna Maria , Podolski Natalie , Pickert Lena , Polidori Maria Cristina 
Published: February 2020

Prävention des kognitiven Abbaus Maßnahmen zur Früherkennung und zur Prävention des kognitiven Abbaus stehen im Vordergrund der Therapie. Im Gegensatz zur früheren Trennung zwischen neurodegenerativen und vaskulären Formen der Demenz wird aktuell die konsequente Therapie und Einstellung von kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren angestrebt, um das Fortschreiten von möglicherweise allen Demenzformen zu verlangsamen. Die im Mai dieses Jahres von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation veröffentlichten Leitlinien geben Anhaltspunkte, wie dem Nachlassen der kognitiven Funktion mit zunehmendem Alter begegnet werden kann. Zu den Säulen der Prävention gehören eine ausgewogene Ernährung (für die Substitution einzelner, künstlicher Nährstoffe gibt es keine Evidenz), körperliche Aktivität (vor allem aerobes Training), ausreichender Schlaf, Konvivialität und soziale Interaktion (sensorische Störungen, gerade eine Beeinträchtigung des Hörens, dürfen nicht unterschätzt werden) sowie kognitive Aktivitäten und Übungen, die die allgemeinen, exekutiven und logischen Funktionen, die Denkgeschwindigkeit und das Arbeitsgedächtnis unterstützen.
Konsequenz für den klinischen Alltag Obwohl alle o. g. Bereiche des Lebensstils für die Prävention des kognitiven Abbaus wichtig sind, sind multidimensionale Interventionen nur dann für den Erhalt der Funktionen wirksam, wenn diese