bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid testing of children with coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Ji-Gan , Cui Hairong , Tang Huabo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: To understand the clinical manifestations and incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children and discuss the importance of fecal nucleic acid testing.Methods: Retrospective analysis of studies of gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid detection in pediatric COVID-19 since the outbreak of COVID-19, as well as prospective clinical studies and case reports to understand the clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms and feces in children. Nucleic acid detection results were also analyzed.Results: 1. The clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with COVID-19 are mostly vomiting and diarrhea, with a total incidence rate of 21.1% (95%Cl=0.14-0.28).2.When analyzing by country (studies from China versus studies from other countries), the pooled prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in studies from countries other than China was much lower at 18.2% (95% CI0.05 to 0.31). This is in comparison to studies from China where the prevalence was higher: 23.3% (95% CI 0.153 to 0.310) .3.In Wuhan patients, the pooled prevalence was much higher at 41.2% (95 % CI 0.147 to 0.678) as compared to areas outside Wuhan，China：15.1%(95 % CI 0.075 to 0.227).4.Fecal nucleic acid detection is as accurate as respiratory specimen nucleic acid detection. The positive rate of fecal nucleic acid testing in COVID-19 patients was 92.5% (25/27). In patients where nucleic acid tests of respiratory tract specimens produced negative results, a positive fecal nucleic acid test result was present in 83.3% (20/24); one week after the respiratory tract specimen was nucleic acid-negative, 54.1% (13/24) were fecal nucleic acid-positive; two weeks after the respiratory tract nucleic acid negative test, 37.5% (9/24) were fecal nucleic acid-positive. The longest interval between a negative respiratory system result and positive fecal specimen result exceeded 19 days.Conclusions and Relevance: Gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric COVID-19 are relatively common. Attention should be paid to the detection of fecal nucleic acids in children. Fecal nucleic acid-negative status should be considered as one of the desegregation standards.
A Proposal for the Classification and Nomenclature of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease-Related Enteroviruses
Authors: Dong Yajuan , Wan Zhenzhou , Li Shenwei , Wang Jian-Hua , Jin Xia , Yu Guoying , Zhang Chiyu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Enterovirus has diverged into many types, some of which cause hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. The predominant enterovirus types associated with HFMD are EVA71, CVA16, CVA6 and CVA10. Subtyping of these enteroviruses is crucial to HFMD surveillance. Because of lacking proper and uniform criteria and being based on partial VP1 sequences, however, current classification resulted in some confusing and conflicting results. Method: We reclassified EVA71, CVA16, CVA6 and CVA10 using a combined criteria of phylogenic relationship and genetic distance. Results: Using the combined criteria, we classified EVA71 into seven genotypes of A–G, CVA16 and CVA6 into three subtypes of A-C, and CVA10 into nine subtypes/sub-subtypes of A-G, H1 and H2, and identified eight unclassified subtypes that lack genomic sequences. The mean genetic divergence was 15.5-33.8% between subtypes, 12-15% between sub-subtypes, and less than 12% within subtypes/sub-subtypes. In addition, we identified two new EVA71 inter-subtype recombinants RF01_CG and RF02_CG and demonstrated that EVA71 subtypes D and F and CVA10 subtype B experienced inter-subtype recombination events during early evolution. Conclusions: The new nomenclature proposal provides a reasonable framework for proper classification of enteroviruses, which will be useful for epidemiological surveillance of HFMD, disease management, and vaccine development.
Deterministic Selection Dominates Microbial Community Assembly in Termite Mounds Across a Large Spatial Area
Authors: Chen Qing-Lin , Hu Hang-Wei , Yan Zhen-Zhen , Li Chao-Yu , Nguyen Bao-Anh Thi , Cui Hui-Ling , Zheng Yong , Zhu Yong-Guan , He Ji-Zheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Termites are ubiquitous insects in tropical and subtropical habitats, where they construct massive mounds from soil, their saliva and excreta. Termite mounds harbor an enormous amount of microbial inhabitants, which regulate multiple ecosystem functions such as mitigating methane emissions and increasing ecosystem resistance to climate change. However, we lack a mechanistic understanding about the role of termite mounds in modulating the microbial community assembly processes, which are essential to unravel the biological interactions of soil fauna and microorganisms, the major components of soil food webs. We conducted a large-scale survey across a >1500 km transect in northern Australia to investigate biogeographical patterns of bacterial and fungal community in 134 termite mounds and the relative importance of deterministic versus stochastic processes in microbial community assembly. Results: Microbial alpha (number of phylotypes) and beta (changes in bacterial and fungal community composition) significantly differed between termite mounds and surrounding soils. Microbial communities in termite mounds exhibited a significant distance-decay pattern, and fungal communities had a stronger distance-decay relationship (slope = -1.91) than bacteria (slope = -0.21). Based on the neutral community model (fitness < 0.7) and normalized stochasticity ratio index (NST) with a value below the 50% boundary point, deterministic selection, rather than stochastic forces, predominated the microbial community assembly in termite mounds. Deterministic processes exhibited significantly weaker impacts on bacteria (NST = 45.23%) than on fungi (NST = 33.72%), probably due to the wider habitat niche breadth and higher potential migration rate of bacteria. The abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was negatively correlated with bacterial/fungal biomass ratios, indicating that ARG content might be an important biotic factor that drove the biogeographic pattern of microbial communities in termite mounds. Conclusions: Deterministic processes play a more important role than stochastic processes in shaping the microbial community assembly in termite mounds, an unique habitat ubiquitously distributed in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. An improved understanding of the biogeographic patterns of microorganisms in termite mounds is crucial to decipher the role of soil faunal activities in shaping microbial community assembly, with implications for their mediated ecosystems functions and services.
The 12-month period prevalence and cardiac manifestations of HIV in patients with acute coronary syndrome at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Pennefather Camilla , Esterhuizen Tonya , Doubell Anton , Decloedt Eric H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
HIV-positive patients are increasingly being affected by non-communicable diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD). Data from high-income countries (HICs) indicate that HIV-positive patients have different risk-factor profiles for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as well as different cardiac manifestations of this syndrome compared to HIV-negative patients. There is limited data from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and particularly from South Africa with the biggest HIV epidemic in the world. The objective of this study was to determine the 12-month period prevalence of HIV in patients with ACS and to compare the risk-factor profile, ACS presentation and management between HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults.
Methods
We included all patients hospitalised with ACS from 01 January to 31 December 2018 in a tertiary hospital, Tygerberg Hospital, in Cape Town, South Africa. The HIV-status of all patients was determined using routine clinical records. We performed multivariate conditional logistic regression on HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients (1:3 ratio) to compare the risk factor profile, ACS presentation and management between the groups.
Results
Among 889 patients, 30 (3.4%) were HIV-positive (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3–4.8). HIV-positive patients were younger, more frequently men, and had a lower prevalence of medical comorbidities and a family history of CAD. They were more likely to present with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [odd’s ratio (OR) (95% CI): 3.12 (1.2–8.4)], and have single-vessel disease [OR (95% CI): 3.03 (1.2–8.0)]. Angiographic and echocardiographic data, as well as management, did not differ between the groups. Among HIV-positive patients, 17 (65%) were virally suppressed (HIV viral load < 200 copies/mL) with a median CD4+ count of 271 cells/mm3. The majority (20, 67%) of HIV-positive patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy at the time of the ACS.
Conclusions
We found an HIV-prevalence of 3.4% (95% CI 2.3–4.8) in adults with ACS in a high endemic HIV region. HIV-positive patients were younger and more likely to present with STEMIs and single-vessel disease, but had fewer CAD risk factors, suggesting additional mechanisms for the development of ACS.
Resulting choice of toric intraocular lens using three devices and online Barrett calculator
Authors: dong jing , zhang yaqin , wang xiaogang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate interdevice agreement among toric power calculation difference based on corneal topography/ray-tracing aberrometry (iTrace), partial coherence interferometry (IOLMaster 500), and Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam) for the measurement of anterior corneal astigmatism. METHODS: The analysis included 101 eyes with regular astigmatism of 101 subjects. The main outcome measures were corneal cylinder power, axis of astigmatism, keratometry values. The toric power and intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated using online Barrett toric calculator. Interdevice measurement and calculation agreement was assessed using paired sample t-test, and nonparametric test. RESULTS: Significant interdevice difference existed for astigmatism magnitude, flat keratometry, steep keratometry and mean keratometry between iTrace and IOLMaster (all P < 0.01). Significant interdevice difference existed for flat keratometry, steep keratometry and mean keratometry (all P < 0.001) but not astigmatism magnitude (P = 0.325) between iTrace and Pentacam. Significant interdevice difference existed for astigmatism magnitude, steep keratometry and mean keratometry (all P < 0.01) but not flat keratometry (P = 0.310) between IOLMaster and Pentacam. For toric IOL power calculation, iTrace calculation was statistically higher than IOLMaster (0.49±0.36, P <0.001) and Pentacam (0.39±0.42, P <0.001). Moreover, Pentacam IOL power calculation was statistically lower than IOLMaster (-0.10±0.39, P =0.009). Toricity calculation difference was also existed among the three groups (P = 0.004).CONCLUSIONS: The toric IOL power and toricity calculation difference based on iTrace, IOLMaster 500, and Pentacam anterior keratometry data should be noticed in clinic practice.
Infant Precursors of Executive Function in Down Syndrome
Authors: Schworer Emily , Fidler Deborah J , Kaur Maninderjit , Needham Amy , Prince Mark A , Daunhauer Lisa A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background. Though early features of infant cognition are predictive of executive function (EF) in typically developing (TD) children, there is little information regarding the developmental origins of EF in neurogenetic conditions, such as Down syndrome (DS). Methods. The current study compared the performance of infants with and without DS on four dimensions that are hypothesized EF precursors: attention shifting, sustained attention, processing speed, and action planning. The relationship between these EF precursors at Time 1 and EF performance at Time 2 (6 months later) was also examined in the DS group. Participants were 58 infants with DS, M chronological age = 11.32 months, SD = 3.50; M developmental age = 7.93 months, SD = 2.79, and 40 TD infants, M chronological age = 8.14, SD = 3.25; M developmental age = 8.18 months, SD = 3.51. Results. Results showed that infants with DS shifted their attention more slowly, looked at objects for longer durations, and demonstrated a longer latency to contact objects when compared to TD infants at Time 1. Attention shifting at Time 1 significantly predicted EF performance at Time 2 in the DS group. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that an early atypical presentation of EF precursors is detectable during infancy in DS and is predictive of subsequent EF performance. These findings contribute to the identification of areas of early cognitive risk in DS and can inform future interventions in this population.
microRNA-214 prevents traits of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma via VEGFA and Bcl-2
Authors: Ma Xianpeng , Wu Di , Zhang Xiaodong , Shao Xiao , Hu Guangyao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Dysregulation of microRNA-214 (miR-214) has been indicated in different tumors. The function of miR-214 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is yet to be deciphered. The current study aimed to investigate the specific mechanism underpinning CSCC development with the involvement of miR-214 and its putative targets.
Methods

Microarray analysis of CSCC and adjacent tissues was carried out to filter the most significant downregulated miRNA. Survival analysis of patients was subsequently implemented, followed by miRNA expression determination in CSCC cells. Gain-of-function assays were performed to evaluate its function on cellular level. The targets of the determined miRNA were predicted and their expression in CSCC and adjacent tissues was evaluated. The targeting relationship was analyzed by dual-luciferase assays. Finally, rescue experiments were conducted.
Results

miR-214 was reduced in CSCC tissues and cells, and the survival of patients harboring overexpression of miR-214 was higher. miR-214 restoration increased CSCC cell apoptosis, while decreased proliferative, invasive and migratory activities. miR-214 interacted with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). VEGFA and Bcl-2, overexpressed in CSCC tissues and cells, were negatively correlated with miR-214. Moreover, VEGFA and Bcl-2 overexpression reversed the anti-tumor phenotype of miR-214 on CSCC cells. miR-214 disrupted the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through VEGFA and Bcl-2 in the CSCC cells.
Conclusion

Our data demonstrates that miR-214 exerts a suppressing role in CSCC. The discovery of novel targets such as miR-214 and VEGFA/Bcl-2 may facilitate the development of therapeutic options.
The Efficacy and Aafety of Fibrin Sealant Versus Tranexamic Acid Administration in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Fan Yong Yong , Hong Hai Nan , Deng Bo , Zhu Zhong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The efficacy and safety of topical fibrin sealant (FS) compared with tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce blood loss after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is not clear. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical FS versus topical or intravenous TXA for treatment of Method: We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies up to March 2020. The references included in articles were also checked for additional potentially-relevant studies. The language of publication was limited to English. The endpoints included the mean difference (MD) of blood loss, hemoglobin value, and odds ratios (ORs) of transfusion requirements and thrombotic events. Our meta-analysis was performed according to the Guidelines of the Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook and the PRISMA statement. The data of the included studies were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.Results: A total of four studies (two randomized controlled trials and two non-randomized controlled trials) met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that TXA administration led to significantly different outcomes in terms of transfusion rate (RD = -0.12, 95% CI (-0.23, -0.00), P = 0.05, I2 = 74%) and postoperative hemoglobin levels (WMD = -0.47, 95% CI (-0.74, -021), P = 0.0005, I2 = 3%) compared with topical application of FS in patients undergoing THA. No significant difference was seen in total calculated blood loss (WMD = -86.22, 95% CI (-99.13, -73.31), P < 0.00001, I2 = 96%) or complication rate (RR = 0.98, 95% CI (-99.13, -73.31), P = 0.45, I2 = 0%) between the two groups.Conclusions: TXA administration can effectively decrease the transfusion rate and result in higher postoperative hemoglobin levels without increasing the rate of infection.
Interleukin-18 Polymorphisms Impose Considerable Impacts on Ankylosing Spondylitis Occurrence
Authors: Gou Wenlong , Wang Hai , Wang Yu , Du Quanyin , Wang Ziming 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: This research was conducted to explore the genetic association of interleukin-18 (IL-18) polymorphisms in promoter with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Chinese population using a case-control design.Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to complete the genotyping of IL-18 polymorphisms in 146 AS patients and 134 healthy controls. The genotype distribution of polymorphism was detected the status of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The genotype and allele frequencies difference between the two groups was compared by chi-square test. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated to express the association strength of AS. The linkage disequilibrium of IL-18 polymorphisms was investigated in AS occurrence by Haploview.Results: TT genotype and T allele of rs1946518 showed the significantly higher frequencies in AS patients than that of the controls (P=0.042, 0.026), which indicated that rs1946518 was obviously associated with AS risk (TT vs. GG: OR=1.993, 95%CI=1.021-3.891; T vs.G: OR=1.460, 95%CI=1.046-2.038). However, no significant association was found between rs187238 and AS. Moreover, the strong linkage disequilibrium was found and haplotype rs1946518T-rs187238C was a susceptible factor of AS (OR=1.638, 95%CI=1.017-2.639).Conclusion: IL-18 rs1946518 polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility of individuals to AS in Chinese population, but not another polymorphism rs187238. The interaction of the two polymorphisms should be considered in AS etiology.
Pilot Study: Age As A factor in Time To Surgery For Traumatic Cervical Spine Fracture Patients
Authors: Chory Ashley , Bank Matthew , Sison Cristina , Bloom Ona 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cervical spine fractures with or without spinal cord injury (SCI) disproportionately impact the elderly, who constitute an increasing percentage of the US population. Early surgical intervention is a safe, modifiable factor that enables early mobilization and subsequent reduction in complications and hospital length of stay. Surgical treatment of the elderly is complex, due to increased comorbidity factors and complications. METHODS: In a pilot study from a Level 1 Trauma Center, we analyzed the number of patients treated with cervical spine fractures with or without SCI by age group (<65, 65-84, 85) and determined the influence of age on time-to-surgery and long-term mortality. Acute in-hospital mortality was calculated and long-term mortality within the study period (2003-2013) was determined from the National Death Index. RESULTS: Data from patients (N=72) with cervical spine fractures treated surgically were analyzed, with nearly equal numbers under or over age 65. Although there was a trend of increasing time to surgery with increasing age, there was no statistical difference between the age groups (p=0.7015). The average time to surgery was less for patients with SCI than for all patients, and less for patients with than without central cord syndrome. The average time to surgery was longer for patients with vertebral fractures than for patients with SCI. There was no statistical difference for in-hospital or long-term mortality for patients with or without SCI or among the time-to-surgery groups. However, this is likely due to the low number of cases in this pilot study. CONCLUSION: Data from this pilot study indicate an association between time to surgery and survival status of patients in any age or time-to-surgery groups examined. This analysis will enable a larger future prospective study and local quality control initiatives to collect additional data on factors influencing time-to-surgery in patients with cervical spine fractures.
Pretreatment of Rapeseed Meal Increases Its Recalcitrant Fibre Fermentation and Alters the Microbial Community in an in Vitro Model of Swine Large Intestine
Authors: LONG Cheng , Venema Koen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of current study was to investigate whether degradation of rapeseed meal (RSM) which was modified by a cellulase, two pectinase, or alkaline treatment was improved by the swine gut microbiota compared to untreated RSM, and whether the microbiota composition was changed. Methods: An in vitro study was performed to assess how enzymatic and chemical pretreated rapeseed meal (RSM) influences the fibre fermentation and microbial community in the swine large intestine. RSM was processed enzymatically by a cellulase (CELL), two pectinases (PECT), or chemically by an alkaline (ALK) treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing data was performedto evaluate changes in the gut microbiota composition, whereas short chain fatty acid production (ion-chromatography) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) composition(using monoclonal antibodies; mAbs) were used to assess fibre degradation.Results: The results showed that ALK, CELL, PECT1, and PECT2changed microbial community composition, increased the abundance of microbial fibre-degrading enzymes and pathways,andincreased acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total SCFA production. The increased genera also positively correlated with SCFA production. The cell wall polysaccharide structuresof RSM shiftedafter ALK, CELL, PECT1, and PECT2 treatment. The degradation of NSPduring the fermentation period was dynamic, and not continuous based on the epitope recognition by mAbs.Conclusion: This study provides the first detailed analysis of changes in the swine intestinal microbiota due to RSM modified by ALK, CELL, PECT1 and PECT2. ALK, CELL, PECT1 and PECT2 altered microbial community structure, shifted the predicted functional metagenomic profile and subsequently increased total SCFA production. Our findings that ALK, CELL, PECT1 and PECT2increased fiber degradability in RSM could help guide feed additive strategies to improve efficiency and productivity in swine industry. The current study gave insight into how feed enzyme modulate microbial status, which provides good opportunity to develop novel carbohydrase, particularly in swine feed.