bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Study Using Computed Tomography to Compare Sufficient Chest Compression Depth for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Obese Patients
Authors: Lee Heekyung , Oh Jaehoon , Lee Juncheol , Kang Hyunggoo , Lim Tae Ho , Ko Byuk Sung , Cho Yongil , Song Soon Young 
Published: November 2019

Background

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (
BMI
) and sufficient chest compression depth (CCD) in obese patients by a mathematical model.

Methods and Results

This retrospective analysis was performed with chest computed tomography images conducted between 2006 and 2018. We classified the selected individuals into underweight (<18.5), normal weight (≥18.5, <25), overweight (≥25, <30), and obese (≥30) groups according to
BMI
(kg/m
2
). We defined heart compression fraction (
HCF
) as

and estimated under‐
HCF
(the value of
HCF
<20%), and over‐
HCF
(the residual depth <2 cm after simulation with chest compression depth 5 and 6 cm). We compared these outcomes between
BMI
groups. Of 30 342 individuals, 8856 were selected and classified into 4
BMI
groups from a database. We randomly selected 100 individuals in each group and analyzed a total of 400 individuals’ cases. Higher
BMI
groups had a significantly decreased
HCF
with both 5 and 6 cm depth (
P
<0.001). The proportion of under‐
HCF
with both depths increased according to
BMI
group, whereas the proportion of over‐
HCF
decreased except for the 5 cm depth (
P
<0.001). The adjusted odds ratio of under‐
HCF
, according to
BMI
group after adjustment of age and sex, was 7.325 (95%
CI
, 3.412–15.726;
P
<0.001), with 5 cm and 10.517 (95%
CI
, 2.353–47.001;
P
=0.002) with 6 cm depth, respectively.

Conclusions
The recommended chest compression depth of 5 to 6 cm in the current international guideline is unlikely to provide sufficient ejection fraction during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in obese patients.
Regional Customary International Law Related to China’s Historic Rights in the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Chenhong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the customary international law system, there exist general customary international law and regional customary international law. Based on the general practice and opinio juris of the States surrounding the South China Sea, China’s historic rights which conclude historic title to all the maritime features in the South China Sea, and historic fishing rights and navigational rights, are regulated by regional customary international law. Due to the parallel relationship between this regional customary international law and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), China’s historic rights should co-exist with the rights regulated by UNCLOS.
An annotated checklist of the Branchiopoda (Crustacea) of the Dutch Caribbean islands
Authors: SOESBERGEN MARTIN , SINKELDAM JOS 
Published: November 2019

The launch of the Dutch Caribbean Species Register by Naturalis Biodiversity Center (2017)—https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/—raised the question of which branchiopods originate from this part of the Netherlands. To answer this question, surveys of literature and of the Naturalis collection were conducted. The additional samples (collected in 2003–2005 and 2008) were analyzed. We present an annotated checklist of the Branchiopoda of the Dutch Caribbean. The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes the Dutch mainland and six Caribbean islands. From the Caribbean part of the kingdom, an annotated list of all known species is given. Fifteen taxa and three genera have been encountered and the species are discussed. To date, six species of large branchiopods and nine species of cladocerans are known. Two more genera of cladocerans have been found. One species is endemic to Bonaire.
Perceived Control, Severity, Certainty, and Emotional Fear: Testing an Expanded Model of Deterrence
Authors: Roche Sean Patrick , Wilson Theodore , Pickett Justin T. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: Growing evidence indicates that criminologists should incorporate emotional states, such as fear, into standard deterrence frameworks. Within the fear of crime literature, there is empirical support for the “sensitivity to risk” model, which posits perceived victimization control and severity drive certainty perceptions, and these cognitions, in turn, drive fear of crime. We apply this logic to offender decision-making. Methods: Using a sample of young adults ( N = 829), an anonymous online survey, and path analysis, this study investigates an expanded model of deterrence. Results: Perceived control over apprehension directly reduced perceptions of the certainty of being apprehended. Perceived severity was both directly and indirectly, through perceived certainty, associated with greater fear of apprehension. Fear of apprehension is negatively associated with reported criminal propensity, and the effects of cognitive judgments of control, severity, and certainty have an indirect effect on reported criminal propensity via fear of apprehension. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate the need to better understand the psychological and emotional aspects of deterrence. Individuals do not simply consult their preformed certainty perceptions when considering crime. Identifying all of the relevant cognitions and the emotions is critical for advancing criminological theories and improving crime policies.
Adherence and Efficacy of Olfactory Training as a Treatment for Persistent Olfactory Loss
Authors: Fornazieri Marco Aurélio , Garcia Ellen Cristine Duarte , Lopes Natália Medeiros Dias , Miyazawa Isabela Naomi Iha , Silva Gislene dos Santos , Monteiro Rebeca dos Santos , Pinna Fábio de Rezende , Voegels Richard Louis , Doty Richard L. 
Published: November 2019

Background Among emerging therapies, olfactory training (OT) has been proposed as a potential treatment for persistent olfactory loss. This treatment has been suggested to improve olfactory function via sensorineural modulation from repeated odor exposure. However, due to the long treatment period that is required, many patients discontinue the treatment or do not follow the treatment regimen appropriately, potentially biasing estimates of treatment success. Moreover, spontaneous improvement is known to occur without any interventions. Objectives We evaluated both the adherence rates and the efficacy of OT in patients with persistent postinfectious, posttraumatic, or idiopathic olfactory loss. Methods Prospective observational study. Twenty-five patients with persistent olfactory loss underwent OT. Protocol adherence and olfactory function (scores on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test or UPSIT) were assessed 3 and 6 months after the initiation of treatment. A minimum improvement of 5 UPSIT points was considered clinically significant and adherence throughout the study. Results The adherence rate of the patients after 3 months was 88% and after 6 months was 56%. The corresponding percentages of clinical improvement were 23.5% and 25%. There was no relation of age, sex, time of olfactory loss, race, the degree of olfactory loss, etiology, education, and type of training to the adherence rate or treatment efficacy. Conclusions In this patient population, adherence to training remained high in the first 3 months of OT but declined moderately thereafter. The observed prevalence and degree of improvement were similar to that reported a number of studies, including some studies whose patients did not receive OT.
Does pre-angiography Total ST-segment resolution reliably predict spontaneous reperfusion of the infarct-related artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction?
Authors: Guo Zongsheng , Yang Xinchun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
ST resolution (STR) after AMI is a non-invasive indicator of IRA reperfusion. We investigated whether pre-angiography STR predicted spontaneous IRA reperfusion in STEMI patients.

Method
Patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI were recruited. Standard 12-lead ECG tracings were recorded at first medical contact, immediately prior to arterial puncture and 60 min after PCI. STR was classified as total (≥70%; group I), partial (≥30 and < 70%; group II) or none (< 30%; group III). Patients were followed up for 1-year.

Results
The final analysis included 349 patients (n = 77, 160 and 112 for groups I, II and III, respectively). Compared with groups I/II, pre-procedural TIMI flow in group III was less frequently grades 2 or 3 (P < 0.001). Pre-PCI STR ≥70% was an independent predictor of pre-PCI TIMI-3 flow (OR: 2.8; P < 0.001). Pre-PCI STR < 30% was independently associated with pre-PCI TIMI flow 0–2 (OR: 3.1; P < 0.001). STR = 35.55% seems to be an optimal cut off for pre-procedural TIMI-3 flow prediction with sensitivity 0.943, specificity 0.456, Youden index 0.399, P = 0.027. STR prior to PCI was inversely correlated with 1-year combined CV events rate. STR > 70% may predict a better clinical outcome.

Conclusions
Assessment of STR could potentially be used to stratify risk in patients with STEMI before PCI.
Single-incision laparoscopic ileocecal resection in a 10-year-old child with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Goto Ayana , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Takahashi Takao , Sato Yuta , Hirata Shinya , Tanahashi Toshiyuki , Matsui Satoshi , Imai Hisasi , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
In Japan, the majority of gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have been reported to originate from the rectum, and appendiceal NETs are relatively rare. Preoperative diagnosis is very difficult and it is diagnosed after appendectomy. Pediatric appendiceal NET is a disease with a good prognosis. However, in rare cases, lymph node metastasis could occur and additional resection is required.

Case presentation
A 10-year-old boy complained of right lower quadrant abdominal pain and underwent an appendectomy under a diagnosis of acute appendicitis in previous hospital. The final diagnosis was appendiceal NET, so he was referred to our department for additional resection. The tumor was found in the base of the appendix and invasively reached the subserosal layer with obvious vascular invasion. His Ki-67 index was 1 to 2%, so we classified it as appendiceal NET G1 according to the WHO 2015 classification. We considered the possibility of a tumor remnant or lymph node metastasis, so we performed single-incision laparoscopy with D3 lymph node dissection. The pathological diagnosis revealed no tumor remnant but metastasis to one lymph node. He was discharged on the 9th postoperative day. There has been no recurrence at 3 years and 7 months after surgery.

Conclusion
When the tumor size is 10–20 mm, the frequency of lymph node metastasis in some reports is variable, and there is no consensus yet on the indications for additional resection. However, there are definitely a certain number of cases with lymph node metastasis that require additional resection. In the present patient, long-term survival can be obtained by additional resection. At present, factors such as the presence of vascular or lymph node invasion and the malignancy grade and tumor’s location must be considered on a case-by-case basis. Although the incidence rate of appendiceal NET is rare, the diagnosis can be made only during postoperative pathological examination; thus, reliable histopathological examination is required.
Development and validation of circulating CA125 prediction models in postmenopausal women
Authors: Sasamoto Naoko , Babic Ana , Rosner Bernard A. , Fortner Renée T. , Vitonis Allison F. , Yamamoto Hidemi , Fichorova Raina N. , Titus Linda J. , Tjønneland Anne , Hansen Louise , Kvaskoff Marina , Fournier Agnès , Mancini Francesca Romana , Boeing Heiner , Trichopoulou Antonia , Peppa Eleni , Karakatsani Anna , Palli Domenico , Grioni Sara , Mattiello Amalia , Tumino Rosario , Fiano Valentina , Onland-Moret N. Charlotte , Weiderpass Elisabete , Gram Inger T. , Quirós J. Ramón , Lujan-Barroso Leila , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Colorado-Yohar Sandra , Barricarte Aurelio , Amiano Pilar , Idahl Annika , Lundin Eva , Sartor Hanna , Khaw Kay-Tee , Key Timothy J. , Muller David , Riboli Elio , Gunter Marc , Dossus Laure , Trabert Britton , Wentzensen Nicolas , Kaaks Rudolf , Cramer Daniel W. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Terry Kathryn L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) is currently the best available ovarian cancer screening biomarker. However, CA125 has been limited by low sensitivity and specificity in part due to normal variation between individuals. Personal characteristics that influence CA125 could be used to improve its performance as screening biomarker.

Methods
We developed and validated linear and dichotomous (≥35 U/mL) circulating CA125 prediction models in postmenopausal women without ovarian cancer who participated in one of five large population-based studies: Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO, n = 26,981), European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC, n = 861), the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHS/NHSII, n = 81), and the New England Case Control Study (NEC, n = 923). The prediction models were developed using stepwise regression in PLCO and validated in EPIC, NHS/NHSII and NEC.

Result
The linear CA125 prediction model, which included age, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and duration, parity, hysterectomy, age at menopause, and duration of hormone therapy (HT), explained 5% of the total variance of CA125. The correlation between measured and predicted CA125 was comparable in PLCO testing dataset (r = 0.18) and external validation datasets (r = 0.14). The dichotomous CA125 prediction model included age, race, BMI, smoking status and duration, hysterectomy, time since menopause, and duration of HT with AUC of 0.64 in PLCO and 0.80 in validation dataset.

Conclusions
The linear prediction model explained a small portion of the total variability of CA125, suggesting the need to identify novel predictors of CA125. The dichotomous prediction model showed moderate discriminatory performance which validated well in independent dataset. Our dichotomous model could be valuable in identifying healthy women who may have elevated CA125 levels, which may contribute to reducing false positive tests using CA125 as screening biomarker.
Pharmacogenomic analysis of patient-derived tumor cells in gynecologic cancers
Authors: Sa Jason K. , Hwang Jae Ryoung , Cho Young-Jae , Ryu Ji-Yoon , Choi Jung-Joo , Jeong Soo Young , Kim Jihye , Kim Myeong Seon , Paik E. Sun , Lee Yoo-Young , Choi Chel Hun , Kim Tae-Joong , Kim Byoung-Gie , Bae Duk-Soo , Lee Yeri , Her Nam-Gu , Shin Yong Jae , Cho Hee Jin , Kim Ja Yeon , Seo Yun Jee , Koo Harim , Oh Jeong-Woo , Lee Taebum , Kim Hyun-Soo , Song Sang Yong , Bae Joon Seol , Park Woong-Yang , Han Hee Dong , Ahn Hyung Jun , Sood Anil K. , Rabadan Raul , Lee Jin-Ku , Nam Do-Hyun , Lee Jeong-Won 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Gynecologic malignancy is one of the leading causes of mortality in female adults worldwide. Comprehensive genomic analysis has revealed a list of molecular aberrations that are essential to tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis of gynecologic tumors. However, targeting such alterations has frequently led to treatment failures due to underlying genomic complexity and simultaneous activation of various tumor cell survival pathway molecules. A compilation of molecular characterization of tumors with pharmacological drug response is the next step toward clinical application of patient-tailored treatment regimens.

Results
Toward this goal, we establish a library of 139 gynecologic tumors including epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs), cervical, endometrial tumors, and uterine sarcomas that are genomically and/or pharmacologically annotated and explore dynamic pharmacogenomic associations against 37 molecularly targeted drugs. We discover lineage-specific drug sensitivities based on subcategorization of gynecologic tumors and identify TP53 mutation as a molecular determinant that elicits therapeutic response to poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. We further identify transcriptome expression of inhibitor of DNA biding 2 (ID2) as a potential predictive biomarker for treatment response to olaparib.

Conclusions
Together, our results demonstrate the potential utility of rapid drug screening combined with genomic profiling for precision treatment of gynecologic cancers.
Alu insertion polymorphisms shared by Papio baboons and Theropithecus gelada reveal an intertwined common ancestry
Authors:   The Baboon Genome Analysis Consortium, Walker Jerilyn A. , Jordan Vallmer E. , Storer Jessica M. , Steely Cody J. , Gonzalez-Quiroga Paulina , Beckstrom Thomas O. , Rewerts Lydia C. , St. Romain Corey P. , Rockwell Catherine E. , Rogers Jeffrey , Jolly Clifford J. , Konkel Miriam K. , Batzer Mark A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBaboons (genusPapio) and geladas (Theropithecus gelada) are now generally recognized as close phylogenetic relatives, though morphologically quite distinct and generally classified in separate genera. Primate specificAluretrotransposons are well-established genomic markers for the study of phylogenetic and population genetic relationships. We previously reported a computational reconstruction ofPapiophylogeny using large-scale whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis ofAluinsertion polymorphisms. Recently, high coverage WGS was generated forTheropithecus gelada.The objective of this study was to apply the high-throughput “poly-Detect” method to computationally determine the number ofAluinsertion polymorphisms shared byT. geladaandPapio, and vice versa, by each individualPapiospecies andT. gelada. Secondly, we performed locus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays on a diverse DNA panel to complement the computational data.ResultsWe identified 27,700Aluinsertions fromT. geladaWGS that were also present among sixPapiospecies, with nearly half (12,956) remaining unfixed among 12Papioindividuals. Similarly, each of the sixPapiospecies had species-indicativeAluinsertions that were also present inT. gelada. In general,P. kindaeshared more insertion polymorphisms withT. geladathan did any of the other fivePapiospecies. PCR-based genotype data provided additional support for the computational findings.ConclusionsOur discovery that several thousandAluinsertion polymorphisms are shared byT. geladaandPapiobaboons suggests a much more permeable reproductive barrier between the two genera then previously suspected. Their intertwined evolution likely involves a long history of admixture, gene flow and incomplete lineage sorting.
A comparison of BMP2 delivery by coacervate and gene therapy for promoting human muscle-derived stem cell-mediated articular cartilage repair
Authors: Gao Xueqin , Cheng Haizi , Awada Hassan , Tang Ying , Amra Sarah , Lu Aiping , Sun Xuying , Lv Guijin , Huard Charles , Wang Bing , Bi Xiaohong , Wang Yadong , Huard Johnny 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis and cartilage injury treatment is an unmet clinical need. Therefore, development of new approaches to treat these diseases is critically needed. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that murine muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) can efficiently repair articular cartilage in an osteochondral and osteoarthritis model. However, the cartilage repair capacity of human muscle-derived stem cells has not been studied which prompt this study.

Method
In this study, we tested the in vitro chondrogenesis ability of six populations of human muscle-derived stem cells (hMDSCs), before and after lenti-BMP2/GFP transduction using pellet culture and evaluated chondrogenic differentiation of via histology and Raman spectroscopy. We further compared the in vivo articular cartilage repair of hMDSCs stimulated with BMP2 delivered through coacervate sustain release technology and lenti-viral gene therapy-mediated gene delivery in a monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) model. We used microCT and histology to evaluate the cartilage repair.

Results
We observed that all hMDSCs were able to undergo chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. As expected, lenti-BMP2/GFP transduction further enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation capacities of hMDSCs, as confirmed by Alcian blue and Col2A1staining as well as Raman spectroscopy analysis. We observed through micro-CT scanning, Col2A1 staining, and histological analyses that delivery of BMP2 with coacervate could achieve a similar articular cartilage repair to that mediated by hMDSC-LBMP2/GFP. We also found that the addition of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) protein further improved the regenerative potential of hMDSCs/BMP2 delivered through the coacervate sustain release technology. Donor cells did not primarily contribute to the repaired articular cartilage since most of the repair cells are host derived as indicated by GFP staining.

Conclusions
We conclude that the delivery of hMDSCs and BMP2 with the coacervate technology can achieve a similar cartilage repair relative to lenti-BMP2/GFP-mediated gene therapy. The use of coacervate technology to deliver BMP2/sFLT1 with hMDSCs for cartilage repair holds promise for possible clinical translation into an effective treatment modality for osteoarthritis and traumatic cartilage injury.
Defining the concept of family caregiver burden in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Tamizi Zahra , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Dalvandi Asghar , Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi Farahnaz , Mohammadi Eesa , Bakhshi Enayatollah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Since the deinstitutionalization policy, in psychiatric hospitals, the care of patients with schizophrenia was left to their families which has been imposing a heavy burden on them. Family caregiver burden could have consequences for caregivers, patients, and the society. There is very little consensus on the definition and dimensions of the caregiver burden, which leads to a lack of consistency in the results of research. Thus, the present study was aimed to redefine the family caregiver burden of patients with schizophrenia.

Methods
The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE (Via Ovid), ProQuest, SCI, Magiran, SID, and IranDoc will be searched from 1940 to 2018 using subject headings and appropriate terms in both Farsi and English languages. Also, gray literature and the reference list of included articles will be used to offer an appropriate definition of the family caregiver burden in patients with schizophrenia. Two independent reviewers will participate in study selection, data collection, and quality assessment steps. The result will be presented in tabular form, and meta-synthesis will be performed.

Discussion
The result of this systematic review will help present the comprehensive definition of the family caregiver burden in patients with schizophrenia according to its evolutionary trend.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42018099372