bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMOC2, an intestinal stem cell marker, is an independent prognostic marker associated with better survival in colorectal cancers
Authors: Jang Bo Gun , Kim Hye Sung , Bae Jeong Mo , Kim Woo Ho , Kim Heung Up , Kang Gyeong Hoon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the expression profile of SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2) during colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and assess its prognostic impact in CRC patients. In our study, we showed that SMOC2 transcript level was higher in CRC samples than in normal mucosa (P = 0.017); this level was not associated with candidate cancer stem cell markers (CD44, CD166, CD133, and CD24) or intestinal stem cell markers (LGR5, ASCL2, and EPHB2) except for OLFM4 (P = 0.04). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that SMOC2-positive cells were confined to the crypt bases in the normal intestinal mucosa, hyperplastic polyps, and sessile serrated adenomas, whereas traditional serrated adenomas and conventional adenomas exhibited focal or diffuse distribution patterns. In total, 28% of 591 CRCs were positive for SMOC2, but SMOC2 positivity had negative correlations with lymphatic invasion (P = 0.002), venous invasion (P = 0.002), and tumor stage (P < 0.001). However, a positive association with nuclear β-catenin expression was seen. Furthermore, while upregulated SMOC2 expression was maintained during the adenoma-carcinoma transition, it decreased in cancer cells at the invasive front but did not decline further during lymph node metastasis. SMOC2 positivity showed no correlations with molecular abnormalities, including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and mutations of KRAS and BRAF. In addition, we showed comprehensively that SMOC2 positivity is an independent prognostic marker for better clinical outcomes in a large cohort of CRC patients (P = 0.006). In vitro studies also demonstrated that induced SMOC2 expression in DLD1 cells exerts a suppressive role in tumor growth as well as in migration, colony, and sphere formation abilities. Taken together, our results suggest SMOC2 as a candidate tumor suppressor in CRC progression.
The recombinant anti-TNF-α fusion protein ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by the protective role of autophagy
Authors: Chen Xiaole , Nie Kaimei , Zhang Xin , Tan Shuangyu , Zheng Qingmei , Wang Yaduan , Chen Xiaofeng , Tang Zhiyu , Liu Rui , Yan Mengru , Liu Zhiwei , Lin Jianbo , Xu Jianhua , Zhang Nanwen , Wang He , Yang Juhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The currently used anti-cytokine therapeutic antibodies cannot selectively neutralize pathogenic cytokine signaling that cause collateral damage to protective signaling cascades carrying the potential for unwanted side effects. The variable domains of heavy-chain only antibodies (HCAbs) discovered in Camelidae are stable and display to be fully functional in antigen-binding against variable targets, which seem to be attractive candidates for the next-generation biologic drug study. The purpose of our study was to establish a simple prokaryotic expression system for large-scale expression, purification, and refolding of the recombinant anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) fusion protein (FVH1-1) from inclusion bodies. Over 95% purity of the recombinant anti-TNF-α fusion proteins was obtained by just one purification step in our developed prokaryotic expression system, while the results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) established the high-efficiency potent binding ability of FVH1-1 to human TNF-α. The counteraction of TNF-α cytotoxic effect experiment on the mouse fibroblast fibrosarcoma cell line (L929) confirmed that the expressed FVH1-1 were able to selectively and highly combine with human recombinant TNF-α (hTNF-α) in vitro. Western blot results showed that FVH1-1 can inhibit the activation of caspase-9 and PARP, which are the apoptotic signaling pathway proteins activated by hTNF-α. Meanwhile, lysosome autophagy signaling pathways stimulated by hTNF-α were inhibited by FVH1-1, which down-regulated the expression of LC3II/LC3I and up-regulated the expression of P62, indicating that the autophagy linked with TNF-α-induced apoptosis in response to rheumatoid arthritis. The results of the AIA rat model experiment presented that FVH1-1 can reduce the degree of joint swelling and inflammatory factors to a certain extent in vivo.
Identification and validation of a prognostic index based on a metabolic-genomic landscape analysis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Qun-feng , Li Yu-kun , Chen Chang-ye , Zhang Xiao-di , Cao Lu , Quan Fei-fei , Zeng Xin , Wang Juan , Liu Jue 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Tumour metabolism has become a novel factor targeted by personalised cancer drugs. This research evaluated the prognostic significance of metabolism-related genes (MRGs) in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OSC).
Methods: MRGs in 379 women surviving OSC were obtained using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, several biomedical computational algorithms were employed to identify eight hub prognostic MRGs that were significantly relevant to OSC survival. These eight genes have important clinical significance and prognostic value in OSC. Subsequently, a prognostic index was constructed. Drug sensitivity analysis was used to screen the key genes in eight MRGs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining confirmed the expression levels of key genes and their correlations with clinical parameters and prognosis for patients.
Results: A total of 701 differentially expressed MRGs were confirmed in women with OSC by the TCGA database. The random walking with restart (RWR) algorithm and the univariate Cox and lasso regression analyses indicated a prognostic signature based on eight MRGs (i.e., ENPP1, FH, CYP2E1, HPGDS, ADCY9, NDUFA5, ADH1B and PYGB), which performed moderately well in prognostic predictions. Drug sensitivity analysis indicated that PYGB played a key role in the progression of OSC. Also, IHC staining confirmed that PYGB has a close correlation with clinical parameters and poor prognosis in OSC.
Conclusion: The results of the present study may help to establish a foundation for future research attempting to predict the prognosis of OSC patients and to characterise OSC metabolism.
Metabolomics reveals the impact of Type 2 diabetes on local muscle and vascular responses to ischemic stress
Authors: Beckman Joshua A. , Hu Jiun-Ruey , Huang Shi , Farber-Eger Eric , Wells Quinn S. , Wang Thomas J. , Gerszten Robert E. , Ferguson Jane F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) reduces exercise capacity, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We probed the impact of ischemic stress on skeletal muscle metabolite signatures and T2DM-related vascular dysfunction. Methods: we recruited 38 subjects (18 healthy, 20 T2DM), placed an antecubital intravenous catheter, and performed ipsilateral brachial artery reactivity testing. Blood samples for plasma metabolite profiling were obtained at baseline and immediately upon cuff release after 5 min of ischemia. Brachial artery diameter was measured at baseline and 1 min after cuff release. Results: as expected, flow-mediated vasodilation was attenuated in subjects with T2DM (P&lt;0.01). We confirmed known T2DM-associated baseline differences in plasma metabolites, including homocysteine, dimethylguanidino valeric acid and β-alanine (all P&lt;0.05). Ischemia-induced metabolite changes that differed between groups included 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (healthy: −27%; DM +14%), orotic acid (healthy: +5%; DM −7%), trimethylamine-N-oxide (healthy: −51%; DM +0.2%), and glyoxylic acid (healthy: +19%; DM −6%) (all P&lt;0.05). Levels of serine, betaine, β-aminoisobutyric acid and anthranilic acid were associated with vessel diameter at baseline, but only in T2DM (all P&lt;0.05). Metabolite responses to ischemia were significantly associated with vasodilation extent, but primarily observed in T2DM, and included enrichment in phospholipid metabolism (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: our study highlights impairments in muscle and vascular signaling at rest and during ischemic stress in T2DM. While metabolites change in both healthy and T2DM subjects in response to ischemia, the relationship between muscle metabolism and vascular function is modified in T2DM, suggesting that dysregulated muscle metabolism in T2DM may have direct effects on vascular function.
Adaptive controller based on grid impedance estimation for stable operation of grid‐connected inverters under weak grid conditions
Authors: Temiz Hakan , Keysan Ozan , Demirok Erhan 
Published: September 2020

An electric grid having high impedance seen from the connection point is considered as a weak grid and it adversely affects the system stability of grid‐tied voltage source inverters in renewable power devices. In this study, an adaptive controller is proposed by configuring the settling time of the phase‐locked loop based on the estimated grid impedance. Pseudorandom binary sequence injection and Fourier techniques are carried out for grid impedance estimation. Impedance‐based stability analysis is performed for a predetermined steady‐state operation point. The proposed method is verified by a 300‐kVA inverter prototype for wide‐range grid impedance varying from 0.3 to 3 mH.
Magnetic field and prominences of the young, solar-like, ultra-rapid rotator V530 Persei
Authors: Cang T.-Q. , Petit P. , Donati J.-F. , Folsom C. P. , Jardine M. , Villarreal D’Angelo C. , Vidotto A. A. , Marsden S. C. , Gallet F. , Zaire B. 
Published: September 2020

Context. Young solar analogs reaching the main sequence experience very strong magnetic activity, generating angular momentum losses through wind and mass ejections.
Aims. We investigate signatures of magnetic fields and activity at the surface and in the prominence system of the ultra-rapid rotator V530 Per, a G-type solar-like member of the young open cluster α Persei. This object has a rotation period that is shorter than all stars with available magnetic maps.
Methods. With a time-series of spectropolarimetric observations gathered with ESPaDOnS over two nights on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, we reconstructed the surface brightness and large-scale magnetic field of V530 Per using the Zeeman-Doppler imaging method, assuming an oblate stellar surface. We also estimated the short term evolution of the brightness distribution through latitudinal differential rotation. Using the same data set, we finally mapped the spatial distribution of prominences through tomography of the Hα emission.
Results. The brightness map is dominated by a large, dark spot near the pole, accompanied by a complex distribution of bright and dark features at lower latitudes. Taking the brightness map into account, the magnetic field map is reconstructed as well. Most of the large-scale magnetic field energy is stored in the toroidal field component. The main radial field structure is a positive region of about 500 G, at the location of the dark polar spot. The brightness map of V530 Per is sheared by solar-like differential rotation, with roughly a solar value for the difference in rotation rate between the pole and equator. It is important to note that Hα is observed in emission and it is mostly modulated by the stellar rotation period over one night. The prominence system is organized in a ring at the approximate location of the corotation radius, and displays significant evolution between the two observing nights.
Conclusions. V530 Per is the first example of a solar-type star to have its surface magnetic field and prominences mapped together, which will bring important observational constraints to better understand the role of slingshot prominences in the angular momentum evolution of the most active stars.
Coronavirus (COVID-19), Coagulation, and Exercise: Interactions That May Influence Health Outcomes
Authors: Zadow Emma Kate , Wundersitz Daniel William Taylor , Hughes Diane Louise , Adams Murray John , Kingsley Michael Ian Charles , Blacklock Hilary Anne , Wu Sam Shi Xuan , Benson Amanda Clare , Dutheil Frédéric , Gordon Brett Ashley 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe proinflammatory cytokine storm associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) negatively affects the hematological system, leading to coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction and thereby increasing the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. Coagulopathy has been reported as associated with mortality in people with COVID-19 and is partially reflected by enhanced D-dimer levels. Poor vascular health, which is associated with the cardiometabolic health conditions frequently reported in people with severer forms of COVID-19, might exacerbate the risk of coagulopathy and mortality. Sedentary lifestyles might also contribute to the development of coagulopathy, and physical activity participation has been inherently lowered due to at-home regulations established to slow the spread of this highly infectious disease. It is possible that COVID-19, coagulation, and reduced physical activity may contribute to generate a “perfect storm,” where each fuels the other and potentially increases mortality risk. Several pharmaceutical agents are being explored to treat COVID-19, but potential negative consequences are associated with their use. Exercise is known to mitigate many of the identified side effects from the pharmaceutical agents being trialled but has not yet been considered as part of management for COVID-19. From the limited available evidence in people with cardiometabolic health conditions, low- to moderate-intensity exercise might have the potential to positively influence biochemical markers of coagulopathy, whereas high-intensity exercise is likely to increase thrombotic risk. Therefore, low- to moderate-intensity exercise could be an adjuvant therapy for people with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and reduce the risk of developing severe symptoms of illness that are associated with enhanced mortality.
CHD7 and Runx1 interaction provides a braking mechanism for hematopoietic differentiation
Authors: Hsu Jingmei , Huang Hsuan-Ting , Lee Chung-Tsai , Choudhuri Avik , Wilson Nicola K. , Abraham Brian J. , Moignard Victoria , Kucinski Iwo , Yu Shuqian , Hyde R. Katherine , Tober Joanna , Cai Xiongwei , Li Yan , Guo Yalin , Yang Song , Superdock Michael , Trompouki Eirini , Calero-Nieto Fernando J. , Ghamari Alireza , Jiang Jing , Gao Peng , Gao Long , Nguyen Vy , Robertson Anne L. , Durand Ellen M. , Kathrein Katie L. , Aifantis Iannis , Gerber Scott A. , Tong Wei , Tan Kai , Cantor Alan B. , Zhou Yi , Liu P. Paul , Young Richard A. , Göttgens Berthold , Speck Nancy A. , Zon Leonard I. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Hematopoiesis involves the control of gene expression that regulates the processes of proliferation and differentiation. We found that the chromatin remodeler CHD7 controls the differentiation process. Knockdown or knockout of CHD7 leads to enhanced hematopoietic differentiation in zebrafish and mice, suggesting that CHD7 acts as a brake on gene expression associated with terminally differentiated blood cells.
Secondary structure of the mRNA encoding listeriolysin O is essential to establish the replicative niche of
L. monocytogenes
Authors: Peterson Bret N. , Portman Jonathan L. , Feng Ying , Wang Jeffrey , Portnoy Daniel A. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Intracellular pathogens utilize specialized mechanisms for replicating within host cells while minimizing cytotoxicity. Misregulation of bacterial virulence factors that are responsible for infection can cause host cell death and the consequent loss of virulence. The results presented here reveal that the translation of a cytolysin that is responsible for host infection is reduced during bacterial growth, due to the formation of an mRNA secondary structure that results in translational inhibition. The coding domain that occludes the ribosome binding site regulates the synthesis and activity of the cytolysin inside the host cytosol, highlighting multiple levels of LLO control from this domain. These findings provide insight into how expression of a virulence factor can be translationally regulated within alternate host cellular compartments.
Most invasive species largely conserve their climatic niche
Authors: Liu Chunlong , Wolter Christian , Xian Weiwei , Jeschke Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceThere has been a widespread debate whether the ecological niche of species is conserved across space and time. This niche conservatism hypothesis is of high practical relevance for conserving biodiversity. Here, we synthesized empirical evidence on this hypothesis for invasive species to investigate how their climatic niche changes between their native and introduced ranges. Our results supported the hypothesis overall, but we also found important differences among taxa with different characteristics and for different types of data. Our findings are not only relevant for predicting spatial distributions of invasive species in their exotic ranges but also for forecasting species responses to changing environments in the Anthropocene.
Multi-domain functional metasurface with selectivity of polarization in operation frequency and time
Authors: Li Weihan , Qiu Tianshuo , Wang Jiafu , Yan Mingbao , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Aiai , Jia Yuxiang , Han Yajuan , Qu Shaobo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose the design of a multi-domain functional metasurface (MDFM) that can achieve selectivity of polarization in operation frequency and time. The MDFM consists of a wire grating as the front layer, a frequency selective surface as the middle layer and an active orthogonal wire grating loaded with positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes as the back layer. The front wire grating serves as a polarization selective surface that only passes electromagnetic (EM) waves polarized perpendicular to the wire, whereas the middle frequency selective surfaces exerts a pass-band in the frequency-domain. To further obtain selectivity in the time-domain, another orthogonal wire grating loaded with PIN diodes is adopted to switch on/off the pass-band. Three functional layers are combined to integrate the three selective functions. To verify this design idea, a MDFM operating at 3.19 GHz was designed, with a total thickness about λ/11. A prototype was fabricated and measured to validate the design. The experimental results are in satisfactory agreement with the simulated ones. Due to multi-fold selectivity, the MDFM can achieve high rejection for unwanted signals and may find wide applications in areas such as wireless communication, EM compatibility and stealthy radomes.
Impact of crystallization process in multilevel optical switching in Ge2Sb2Te5 and Ag5In5Sb60Te30 phase-change materials
Authors: Arjunan M S , Mondal Anirban , Durai Suresh , Adarsh K V , Manivannan Anbarasu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Phase change materials including GeSbTe and AgInSbTe have successfully demonstrated multilevel switching capabilities, yet achieving precise controllability and reproducibility are crucial towards technological applications. In this study, we demonstrate nine distinct optical levels in Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST225) and Ag5In5Sb60Te30 (AIST) phase-change materials using pump-probe experiments under identical device conditions and the role of the crystallization mechanism is examined for realization of reliable multi-level programming. Nucleation-dominated GST225 material corroborates improved performance characteristics of low threshold fluence (6 mJ cm−2), least optical variation (±0.25%), and high reflectivity contrast (∼2.5%) between any two consecutive levels as compared to growth-dominated AIST material. Furthermore, the opto-thermal simulations depict a gradual change in the crystalline fraction in GST225 and an abrupt change in AIST, which further confirms the improved controllability in nucleation-dominated crystallization. Hence, these identical measurements along with the opto-thermal simulations elucidate that the role and nature of crystallization play a critical role in precise control of variation of reflectivity in multi-level states of GST225 and AIST, respectively. These findings will be useful towards the development of reliable multi-bit phase-change photonic memory devices.
Time-varying fault feature extraction of rolling bearing via time–frequency sparsity
Authors: Yi Cancan , Qin Jiaqi , Huang Tao , Jin Zhangmin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The joint time–frequency (TF) distribution is a critical method of describing the instantaneous frequency that changes with time. To eliminate the errors caused by strong modulation and noise interference in the process of time-varying fault feature extraction, this paper proposes a novel approach called second-order time–frequency sparse representation (SOTFSR), which is based on convex optimization in the domain of second-order short-time Fourier transform (SOSTFT) where the TF feature manifests itself as a relative sparsity. According to the second-order local estimation of the phase function, SOSTFT can provide a sparse TF coefficient in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. To obtain the optimal TF coefficient matrix from noisy observations, it is innovatively formulated as a typical convex optimization problem. Subsequently, a multivariate generalized minimax concave penalty is employed to maintain the convexity of the least-squares cost function to be minimized. The aim of the proposed SOTFSR is to obtain the optimal STFT coefficient in the TF domain for extraction of time-varying features and for perfect signal reconstruction. To verify the superiority of the proposed method, we collect the multi-component simulation signals and the signals under variable speed from a rolling bearing with an inner ring fault. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively extract the time-varying fault characteristics.
The vortex state in FeSe superconducting thin film
Authors: Zhao Wan-Li , Zhu Xin , He Zhi-Hao , Gao Kuang-Hong , Li Zhi-Qing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have investigated the low temperature isothermal current-voltage characteristics of FeSe epitaxial films with thickness of ∼ 360 nm at different magnetic fields parallel to the c axis. At zero magnetic field, with decreasing temperature a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, which often appears in two-dimensional (2D) superconductors, is observed. The current dependence of the voltage obeys the scaling relation V ∼ I
3 at the transition temperature

T

B
K
T

≈
4.7

K, and the temperature dependence of sheet resistance follows the prediction of the Halperin-Nelson formula in the vicinity of

T

B
K
T

. When a magnetic field with magnitude 0.1 T

≲

μ
0

H
≲
6

T is applied, the low temperature isothermal current-voltage data in each field can be scaled onto two different branches by using the scaling relation predicted by the vortex-glass theory. When comparing with the scaling relation, the dimensionality D can only be taken as 2, indicating a vortex-liquid phase to quasi-2D vortex-glass phase transition occurs in the FeSe film. The presence of Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition and the quasi-2D vortex-glass phase are related to the weak coupling between Fe-Se layers in the FeSe film.