bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveying views of metaphor vs. literal language in psychotherapy
Authors: Tay Dennis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Five key therapeutic functions of metaphors are often discussed by psychotherapists. They (i) help clients express
emotions and experiences, (ii) help therapists and clients explain difficult concepts, (iii) introduce new frames of reference,
(iv) help work through client resistance, and (v) build a collaborative relationship between therapists and clients. Research on
how these functions are enacted in psychotherapy talk tends to assume that they are indeed perceived as such by clients, and that
metaphorical language is preferred to comparable literal language in performing them. This paper reports a survey study
(N = 84) to critically interrogate these assumptions. Participants read two constructed therapy dialogues,
controlled and counterbalanced for presentation sequence, where therapist and client discuss an issue using metaphorical and
literal language respectively. Each dialogue is followed by a 15-item questionnaire to rate how well the presumed functions were
performed (e.g. the therapist and client can work effectively together, the therapist is able to explain difficult
concepts). A combined Confirmatory (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) suggests that, instead of the five
distinct functions proposed in the literature, participants discerned three functions which reflect a more holistic view of what
metaphors can do. A second EFA conducted on literal responses yielded only two factors. This contrast in factor structure further
suggests that (i) literal language is less functionally nuanced, and (ii) metaphors are not simply perceived as an ‘add-on’ to
literal language, but are evaluated across an extended narrative in fundamentally different ways. Within-subjects metaphor vs.
literal ratings of the items under the emergent three-factor structure were then compared. Metaphor ratings were significantly
higher in all factors (p < 0.01), suggesting that metaphorical language is indeed perceived as more effective
than literal language when discussing clients’ issues. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Design of retractile fins actuator based on hollow piezoelectric motor
Authors: Liu Jilei , Chen Chao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the initial stage of the exterior ballistic, the centroid of the simple guided rocket will change with the fuel consumption of rocket engine, so the flight stability in the initial stage and the manoeuvrability in the whole trajectory correction process must to be comprehensively considered. For this challenge, in this paper, a specific actuator and aerodynamic configuration based on the integration of retractile fins structure and rotor of hollow piezoelectric motor is proposed. And the research on the structure of the actuator and the scheme of the retractile mechanism are carried out. The wind-induced rolling moment of the actuator under different flight conditions (angle of attack, Mach number) is simulated and analyzed by numerical computation method, and the load characteristics of the piezoelectric motor of the actuator is analyzed and tested. The results show that when the flight speed is 0.8 Ma, 1.0 Ma, the angle of attack is 0∼6°, the maximum induced rolling moment of the actuator is 0.30 N.m, and the load speed of the piezoelectric motor is 25r/min when the excitation voltage is 450V and the excitation frequency is 40.2kHz, which can meet the requirements of the projectile flying environment.
Several methods for improving the accuracy of Rockwell hardness testing
Authors: Yao Ch Ch , Wang M L , Ruan Y Y , Lv X M , Wang J L , Ge J M , Jiao H W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to reduce the testing errors in Rockwell hardness of metal specimens and improve the accuracy of hardness testing, several methods had been tried out and examined based on GB/T 230 and other relevant inspection specifications, firstly, correct the hardness of testing pieces directly by using the hardness reference blocks to calibrate the hardness tester; secondly, correct the hardness of testing pieces by linear calculation of the errors in different hardness values to calibrate the hardness tester; for a great deal of testing pieces, check the hardness twice and the second time in a reverse order. The result shows that the applied methods are effective to further improve the accuracy of Rockwell hardness testing.
The effect of cooling method on damping capacity of Fe-16Cr-2.5Mo alloy
Authors: Zhang C , Guo J B , Wang C , Hasi G W , Man P , Guo P F , Lin G Q 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Damping capacity and magnetic domain structure of Fe-16Cr-2.5Mo alloy at different cooling rates have been investigated in this paper. DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer) was used to test the damping capacity. MFM (Magnetic Force Microscope) was used to observe the magnetic domain structures. The results indicated that furnace cooled alloy exhibited significantly higher damping capacity than water cooled alloy. For water cooled alloy, higher internal stress resulted in labyrinth domains’ formation and pinned the domain walls from moving, so the damping capacity was poor. However in the furnace cooled alloy, lamellar domains with larger size were responsible for higher damping capacity. In addition, higher initial permeability could be obtained to favor the movement of domain walls and contributed to higher damping capacity, due to the decrease of magnetocrystalline anisotropy.
Research on sealing ring complex curved surface grinding technology
Authors: Shan L , Qingtang W , Huan W , Dong X , Bo G , Xuejun D , Wei W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of the precision machining of the complex surface of the hydrodynamic seal ring, the precision grinding equipment is used to grind the complex surface. According to the surface structure of the sealing ring, a grinding mathematical model is established, adopting radial ring stacking method and trigonometric formulas to calculate the grinding wheel center movement trace during precision spot grinding. It can provide a strict theoretical basis for the next ultra-precision grinding experiment. According to the movement track, the numerical control program is compiled, and the grinding test of the seal ring is carried out on the self-developed equipment. During the grinding process, the workpiece and the grinding wheel run smoothly. The seal ring test sample meeting the requirements of the face shape is processed, which solves the technical problem of processing the complex face shape. It provides reliable technical support for the subsequent high-precision processing and universal application of the seal ring.
Optimization design of spinning process of titanium alloy cylinder based on numerical simulation technology
Authors: Guan R Y , Xu H Q , Tao H , Guo Y M , Lu B , Zheng H W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Power spinning is a very complicated plastic forming process, and its processing quality involves many and complicated process parameters. The simufact.forming software is used to simulate the power spinning of the titanium alloy cylindrical parts. The effects of technological parameters such as attacking angle, roller nose radius, feed rate, spinning temperature, etc. on cylindrical parts accuracy, spinning force, and stress-strain distribution are systematically studied. The causes of spinning process defects are analyzed, and the sensitivity of process parameters that affected spinning quality is ranked. Through orthogonal test analysis, it is determined that a set of optimal process parameters for the titanium alloy cylindrical part spinning process: attacking angle is attacking angle 20°, the roller nose radius is 10mm, feed rate is 1mm/r, spinning temperature is 850°C. The spinning process of titanium alloy cylindrical parts is initially formed, which lays the foundation for the subsequent spinning process tests of titanium alloy cylindrical parts.
Study on the solid propellant burning rate enhanced by plasma in the closed bomb
Authors: Ni Yanjie , Jin Yong , Wan Gang , Yang Chunxia , Li Baoming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A closed bomb experimental system is employed to discuss the ignition and combustion characteristics of the solid propellant with the capillary plasma generator (CPG). 4/7 high-nitrogen solid propellant, 5/7 high-graphite solid propellant and 5/7 low temperature sensitivity coated propellant are ignited in the closed bomb. Compared with the experimental results with the conventional ignition, the ignition delay time with the CPG is reduced and the burning process of the propellant is enhanced. The pressure changing rate is used to analyse the enhanced gas generation rate (EGGR) of the propellant with the plasma. Compared with the pressure changing rate with different igniters, the enhanced gas generation rate during electrical discharge (EGGRDED) is proved. When 4/7 high-nitrogen solid propellant and 5/7 low temperature sensitivity coated propellant are ignited in the closed bomb, the enhanced gas generation rate post electrical discharge (EGGRPED) appears. The EGGRPED is mainly influenced by the composition of the propellant. The influence of the electrical parameters of the CPG and the distance between the CPG and the solid propellant is studied by the closed bomb experiments. The ignition delay time and the burning time of the propellant reduce with the increasing of the electric power or the decreasing of the distance between the CPG and the propellant. Depending on the pressure changing rate in the closed bomb experiments, the EGGRDED increases with the increasing of the electric power or the decreasing of the distance between the CPG and the propellant, while the EGGRPED is not influenced by the electric power or the distance between the CPG and the propellant.
Internal ballistic simulation and optimum design of gas-fired rodless cylinder ejection device
Authors: Wang X Q , Ma D W , Ren J , Yao L , Hong J L Z , Wang Z L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A kind of gas-fired rodless cylinder ejection device which is stoke and weight controlled and suitable for mobile launch was designed. The leakage test of the ejection device is carried out based on the principle prototype of rodless cylinder ejection device and the empirical formula between leakage rate and pressure and travel length was fitted. The mathematical model of gas-fired rodless cylinder ejector internal ballistic with considering the leakage rate is established based on the assumption of zero-dimensional internal ballistic. When comparing the results of internal ballistics considering and not considering the leakage rate, it can be seen that the influence of leakage rate on the results of internal ballistics can not be ignored. The internal ballistic model which coupled the leakage rate is optimized, taking the shortest design stroke and smallest ejection stability index as design target and the parameters of the grain are used as design variables. The results show that after the optimization, the mass flow rate of gas at the end of ejection is increased by 19%, the stroke required for piston speed reaching the design target is shortened by 13.1%, and the launch stability index is increased by 10.7%.
Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of aminourea salt of 4,8-dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e] pyrazine
Authors: Duan B H , Liu N , Wang B Z , Lu X M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To reduce the acidity defect of 4,8-dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine(DFP), a new energetic ionic compound aminourea salt of 4,8-dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine (DSDFP) was designed and synthesized with a yield of 72.6%. The structure of target compound was characterized by means of NMR (1H and 13C), IR spectra, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The thermal stability was tested by DSC and TG method and DSDFP shows good thermal stability with exothermic decomposition peaks in the range of 267.3 °C ∼ 282.3 °C. The impact sensitivity was measured using BAM standard method and the detonation performance was computed by Kamlet-Jacobs equations. Results show that DSDFP exhibits excellent impact sensitivity of greater than 40 J and desirable detonation performance with detonation velocity of 7891 m/s and detonation pressure of 27.1 GPa. These results highlight its great promise of potential candidates for high-performance energetic salt.
A rigid elliptical cross-sectional projectile with different geometrical characteristics penetration into concrete target
Authors: Dai X H , Wang K H , Duan J , Li M R , Qian B W , Zhou G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Elliptical cross-sectional projectiles have recently attracted attention because they fit the flattened shape of earth-penetrating weapons. This study aims to investigate a rigid elliptical cross-sectional projectile with different geometrical characteristics penetration into the semi-infinite concrete targets by implementing a theoretical method. The general geometric models of four types of elliptical cross-sectional projectiles are introduced; closed-form penetration equations are then derived based on the dynamic cavity-expansion theory. Furthermore, the present models are validated by comparing the predicted penetration depths with the predictions obtained using the semi-empirical formulae and test data; the maximum deviation from the test data is 15.8%. In addition, the deceleration, velocity, and displacement of the projectiles during the penetration process are obtained based on the present models, and the penetration performance of the four types of elliptical cross-sectional projectiles is discussed by comparing the penetration depths. The conical-nose elliptical cross-sectional projectile exhibits the best penetration performance than the other three types if the nose length is sufficiently large, and the ogive-nose elliptical cross-sectional projectile gradually exhibits its penetration performance advantage with the increase in the nose length.
Bionic stab-resistant body armor based on triangular pyramid structure
Authors: Guo Yaxin , Yuan Mengqi , Qian Xinming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A stab-resistant substrate was designed and realized with a triangular pyramidal structure inspired by the biological armor model in the nature. Through numerical simulation and experimental testing of a knife impacting a substrate, the stab-resistant behavior and dynamic response mechanisms were studied. It was found the stab-resistant performance on the triangular pyramidal substrate was better than the flat plate. The surface of the triangular pyramidal substrate effectively avoided the normal force generated from impacting due to a significant dispersion effect on the tilted pyramid structure. The substrate tended to be inclined and the stress of the backing material was inhomogeneous, absorbing more energy. Much of the deformation energy and others, such as heat and light energy, were caused due to intensive collision between the knife and the substrate, all of which leading to a rapid drop of the knife kinetic energy. The substrate with higher tilted angle led to improved energy dispersion, as well as larger area density. The optimal design parameters were achieved with the knife impacting tests, of which the tilted angle was 22.5° and thickness 1.2 mm. The stab-resistant layer made of the titanium alloy through compression molding consisted of the optimal design parameters. A new riveting method was used to perform the total layer, which passed the GA 68-2008 National Standard. The overall areal density of the stab-resistant layer was 5.85 kg/m2, which was 45% lower than a commonly used stab-resistant layer. The method provided may enlighten the future design and manufacturing of stab-resistant clothing.
The full version of this abstract will appear in Defence Technology in 2020.
Experimental study on impact-induced initiation thresholds of al/ptfe/w composite
Authors: Xu T , He Y , He Y , Wang Ch T , Yang X L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Al/PTFE/W is a typical kind of reactive material, which has a variety of potential applications in the future. Impact experiments were conducted with a gas gun and a steel target to investigate the impact-induced initiation thresholds of Al/PTFE/W (18.55 wt.%/51.45 wt.%/30 wt.%) rods. The Al/PTFE/W rods were prepared by using the cold press and hot sinter method. A high-speed camera was used to observe the time sequence of events and to measure the speed of the rods by the grids on the background board. At low velocity, no initiation occurred and the rods only appeared upsetting. Above an initiation threshold of around 127m/s, extensive chemical reaction with strong flare was observed after impact. There was a time interval for the flare after impact, and this time interval decreased with increasing of impact velocity, from 138μs(127.4m/s) to 68μs (235m/s). Several experiments were performed for PTFE and Al/PTFE (26.5 wt.%/73.5 wt.%) rods for comparison with the Al/PTFE/W rods. The effect of impact velocity and composition on the impact-induced reaction of Al/PTFE/W was discussed.
Experimental preparation and property analysis of rare earth modified impact resistant steel
Authors: Zhang M Y , Geng W Y , Gao P , Gao X J , Zhao H R , Wang X F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To further improve the comprehensive performance of existing impact-resistant steel, rare-earth-modified steel samples were experimentally prepared and their performance was analyzed. Different amounts of mixed rare earths were added into the 30MnCrNiMo impact-resistant steel, followed by vacuum smelting, forging, and rolling to prepare the steel plate. The effects of rare earths on the phase transformation critical points, high-temperature deformation behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that rare earths can play a purifying role in the test steel. The Ac1-Ac3 phase transition temperatures were increased, and those of the Bs-Bf phase transition were decreased significantly. When compressed at 1000 °C, the deformation resistance of the test steel with rare earth became higher. Thus, the added rare earths improve the microstructural morphology and inclusions in the steel, as well as the comprehensive mechanical properties.
Numerical simulation of the asymmetric bullet penetrating the perforated steel plate
Authors: Li J Sh , Li N , Wang J , Tao Zh G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, the perforated steel plates were demonstrated to exhibit high efficiency in protecting against small-caliber armor-piercing projectiles. The oblique hipped armor plates combined with the perforated steel plates acted as an armored vehicle exhaust vent protect against 7.62mm bullet. To enhance the efficiency of the vehicle exhaust, the numerical model was built, consisting of the hipped armor plate, the perforated steel plate and the bullet core. By performing a simple test, the efficiency of the model was verified. After the bullet penetrates the hipped armor plate, the shape of its core changed to be asymmetric. The sizes of the perforated steel plate were preliminarily designed in accordance with the statistical results of numerical simulation. Effects of the perforated steel thickness and the impacting positions on the residual bullet were ascertained. The results of this study were conducive to designing exhaust vents.
Dynamic Necking of a Near α Titanium alloy at High Strain Rates: Experiments and Modelling
Authors: Zhang Longhui , Pellegrino Antonio , Petrinic Nik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The tensile behaviour of near α Ti3Al2.5V alloy, conceived for applications in aerospace and automotive engineering, is characterized from quasi-static to high strain rates. The material presents noticeable strain rate sensitivity. The dynamic true strain rate in the necking cross-section reaches values up to one order of magnitude higher than the nominal strain rate. It is also observed that beyond necking the true stress-strain curves present limited rate dependence in the dynamic loading regime. The experimental results at various strain rates and temperatures are used to determine the material parameters of a suitable constitutive model for finite element simulations of the dynamic tensile tests. The model predicts the experimentally macroscopic force-time response, true stress-strain response and effective strain rate evolution with good agreement.
The energy distribution characteristics of a cylindrical cased charge with two end caps
Authors: Liao W , Jiang J W , Men J B , Wang S Y , Li M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The energy distribution characteristics are the key parameters for analysing the energy distribution of the cylindrical cased charge and improving the damage efficiency of the warhead. To investigate the initial velocities from a cylindrical cased charge detonated at the point on the axis, the flash X-ray radiography system was used to test the velocities of the end caps, and the influence of the axial position of the detonation point was further studied by simulation. The experimental results show that when the thickness of the end cap is equal to that of the casing and the ratio of length to diameter is 3, the velocity of the front end cap is 0.53 times that of the rear end cap. The simulation results show that the initial velocities and energy distribution are affected by the height from the detonation point to the end, and the conversion efficiency of the explosive energy can be increased by adjusting the detonation height and the charge length.
Air blast pressure characteristics of moving charge
Authors: Xu Q P , Su J J , Li Z R , Liu Y , Jiang H Y , Huang F L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Air blast pressure between moving charge and static charge are obviously different, however, due to the limitation of testing means, most blast or impact experiments were conducted under static state, which bring risks to evaluate safety of the target structures. In this paper, based on the finite element software and theoretical analysis, we investigated characteristics of the air blast pressure of moving charge. By introduced the toroidal distribution coefficient and radial distribution coefficient, a calculation model, used to calculate the overpressure with scope of relative distance at range of 0.4∼2 m/kg1/3 around blast center was established. The model could quickly calculate overpressure distribution around the blast center. Furthermore, isobars lines of moving charge were obtained by solving the model, some other phenomena were also analyzed.
Study on the shock wave effect and engineering algorithm in the tunnel after structure damage under different explosion conditions
Authors: He X , Sun G J , Liu F , Ren X J , Wang X , Chen L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, according to dimensional analysis, the dimensionless function of the intensity of the air shock wave overpressure of the explosion in structure leaking into a tunnel is established. Forty-eight experiments were carried out focusing on some influencing factors such as explosive charge, explosive depth, ratio of reinforcement, concrete matrix strength, and existence of the structure, revealing the influence laws of explosive charge, explosive height, ratio of reinforcement and concrete matrix strength on the overpressure intensity of air shock wave. Then, engineering calculation methods for leak shock wave effect are obtained, which include the overpressure distribution of shock wave in explosive tunnel in structure, equivalent coefficient of explosive charge compared with explosion in tunnel as well as the reduction factor of shock wave with or without structure.