bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indexed
Authors: Buurma Rachel Sagner 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The index in the modern, printed book can seem secondary, supplementary, and belated today—especially if we are reading the book in electronic form. But its past seems newly relevant as we work to construct continuous histories of the last few centuries of information management. Recent scholarly work on the book index often emphasizes it as form of totalizing information control that seeks to fend off information overload. But turning to the nineteenth-century theories and practices of Henry Wheatley, Charles Reade, John Todd, and the Dodgson family (Lewis Carroll and his sisters) reveals an idea of the index as extensible and connective. This extensible index renders the book unfinished, connecting it to places, persons, and things beyond its pages. To trace its history, we must grapple with the consequences of computation’s conceptual and literal remaking of the print index.
The Date-Stamped Book
Authors: Stauffer Andrew M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Books as objects traverse numerous chronological horizons and fitfully bear evidence of that traversal. Most printed books are explicitly marked with their years of publication, but many accumulate other dates—inscribed, stamped, pasted, or printed—that attest to their complex temporalities, their multiple mooring points along a timeline. When we study a book from a previous era, when are we? The heterochronic, open-ended book surfaces the temporal instabilities of identity. Date-stamped books give us evidence of reading practices and bookish engagements of that era, even as the marks challenge us in their laconic numeracy. Surveying various examples in which books have been annotated, augmented, or otherwise marked with dates, this chapter meditates on personal memories intertwined with poems and the date-marking by which books became souvenirs and witnesses. Such copies help us see more clearly the rich, unfinished lives of books and of ourselves.
How the Virgin Lost her Book
Authors: Crain Patricia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Traditionally pictured with a book in late medieval and Renaissance art, the Virgin Annunciate no longer reads in many nineteenth-century Annunciations. This chapter considers the fleshy materiality of the manuscript codex in the early works before turning to the book’s absence in the later ones. Mary’s lost book indexes the desacralized book in the period of the codex’s mass-culture ubiquity and widespread women’s literacy. Modern paintings of women readers and other self-possessed solitary women often share an Annunciation-like aura, offering other vehicles than the divine for transcendence. By contrast to these self-composed women sitters, Virgins of nineteenth-century Annunciations often seem over-shadowed, as Luke’s Gospel says, or just overwhelmed.
Indigenous People and the Written Word
Authors: Kesler Linc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The regimes of thought, culture, and political organization based in European literacy have been part of the destruction of many Indigenous societies. Their emergence in Europe was often disruptive, but the effects for Indigenous people in the context of colonial dominance and control were more cataclysmic. Indigenous communities continue to define new paths in literacy and electronic communications while attempting to limit damage to traditional systems. The current functions and future prospects of books for Indigenous peoples are shaped by the ways in which this past informs—and intrudes into—the present. Recent events in Canada, such as the documentation of the abuses of the Indian residential school system and testimony given in landmark court cases, provide ways of understanding what the culture of books continues to mean for Indigenous communities, what shapes their responses, and what now emerge as opportunities for future forms of Indigenous agency.
Insides and Outsides
Authors: Campagnolo Alberto 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Because of the prominence of book covers, the history of bookbindings has long been synonymous with the history of bookbinding decoration. These “outsides” of books carry plentiful information, but so do their often-ignored “insides,” since bookbinding structures and materials changed with time and geography. Beautiful decorations catch the eyes of many, but binding structures can also be read as full of historical information. New technologies make old books available in an unprecedented manner, but in configurations that have mostly ignored their original forms: complete book digitization requires more than photographs and transcriptions. The digital now offers new possibilities: books can be presented in the manner of the cubist painter, offering their outsides and insides concurrently. Through digital means, books as objects can begin to be read more wholly, leading to a better understanding of the big picture of the history of the book.
The Exuvial Book
Authors: Scott-Warren Jason 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In his posthumously published study Art and Agency, the anthropologist Alfred Gell sets out the idea of distributed personhood, according to which we are present, not just in our bodies, but also in the remnants we leave in the wider environment, our “exuviae” or sloughed skins. This chapter explores the implications of this notion of identity for our understanding of the codex. Taking up Genette’s concept of the paratext, it shifts our attention away from the “peritext,” the layers of framing attached to the book, and towards the “epitext,” the frames that exist beyond the book’s bounds. It goes on to show how Gell’s analysis, in licensing the idea that a text might be more powerfully present at its most distant verge than it can be in itself, can illuminate figurations of agency in texts by Thomas Nashe, John Donne, and Andrew Marvell.
The Book as Fearful Thing
Authors: Fielding Penny , Lynch Deidre 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Some books seem to have the power to possess their readers. This chapter traces the figure of this fearfully empowered book in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century contexts, when such books challenged more familiar celebrations of literacy and of the press’s power to disseminate enlightenment. Using a concept of “magic materiality,” taking our cue from legends conflating the printer Johann Faust with the sorcerer Dr Faustus, we explore the association, in Scottish gothic novels especially, of printed books with fearsome potency and political danger. In Walter Scott’s The Monastery, we show, a “black book” with an eerie life of its own represents both a Protestant Bible and a book of spells. Finally, we consider a historical episode shaped by this literary phenomenon, demonstrating how over the course of the 1793 sedition trials in Edinburgh, copies of Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man came to resemble the magic books of the era’s supernatural fiction.
Tangible Burns
Authors: Carlson Julia S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe publication in 1786 of both Robert Burns’s Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect and Valentin Haüy’s Essai sur l’education des enfans-aveugles, the world’s first book printed in raised letters to be read by the hands, demonstrates the diversity of the eighteenth-century printed book. While the poems and songs of the Scottish Bard disrupted the hegemony of standard printed English, their oral-auditory effects would not be made accessible to blind and low-vision readers in Britain for one hundred years, only after suspicions of the revolutionary-era French technology had lapsed and the Protestant control of printing and education for the blind had ceased. I investigate the tactual and hermeneutic discipline by which Scottish reformers sought to assimilate the blind to an Anglophone community represented by the common Roman alphabet, and the passing of this physically, imaginatively, and linguistically restrictive regime by the embossing of Burns’s poems in the more tangible Braille code.
State-Owned Multinational Enterprises
Authors: Estrin Saul , Li Jing , Shapiro Daniel M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe emergence and importance of state-owned multinational enterprises (SOMNEs) has generated considerable academic and policy interest. Previous ideas around the fact that these MNEs do not possess the necessary resources and capabilities to compete with privately-owned international market players are challenged. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence related to SOMNEs and to identify potential future research directions. In particular, the chapter discusses the boundary conditions that can limit what is often referred to as “the liability of stateness,” with particular reference to hybrid forms of ownership and political and institutional arrangements that exist in emerging markets. The analysis of the current evidence leads us to consider the possibility that, while some SOMNEs have become commercially competitive, other SOMNEs may have emerged with the primary purpose of extending state interests abroad.
Dynamics of Operation Modes
Authors: Benito Gabriel R. G. , Petersen Bent , Welch Lawrence S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter takes stock of fifty years of research on mode dynamics—that is, the decisions to switch and add operation modes in a foreign country—as a central international business strategy phenomenon. Numerous studies have advanced knowledge about the various forms of mode dynamics and their underlying drivers, especially regarding mode switches. However, this review of the research also reveals that understanding of the phenomenon of mode additions needs further development. The chapter proposes a theoretical framework for understanding mode additions and provides the example of modularization as an illustration of a mechanism that may help improve the cost–benefit balance of mode switches and additions.
Digitalization and its Strategic Implications for the Multinational Enterprise
Authors: Ozcan Pinar , Yakis-Douglas Basak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe have a diverse set of descriptions referred to as the “fourth industrial revolution”, Industry 4.0, or the “digital” or “new economy”, indicating that there is a seismic shift under way. Due to digital transformation arising from the combined effect of several digital technologies including IoT, 5G, cloud, blockchain, big data and artificial intelligence, companies today are being transformed, and for many, this transformation comes in ways that they have not experienced before. This may mean that firms entering new markets with digital technologies may be less dependent on mediators and be able to control the delivery of their products or services, while new entrants are likely to gain advantages from exploiting digital platforms. The chapter lays out how the classic principles of international competitive strategy are transformed in today’s markets due to digitalization and provides suggestions in terms of how firms, and particularly multinational enterprises (MNEs), can respond to these transformations.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Irresponsibility, and the Multinational Enterprise Environment
Authors: Nardella Giulio , Brammer Stephen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The conversation around the corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) of firms has flourished—yet perhaps surprisingly, outside of the international business (IB) strategy discipline. This chapter introduces CSR/CSI as a “grand challenge” with potential to advance the IB strategy agenda. The chapter proposes that there is much to be gained by introducing ideas from IB strategy to understand the relationship between the multinational enterprise (MNE) and CSR/CSI. Major perspectives on, and interconnectedness between, CSR and CSI are articulated. The chapter traces common themes such as the role played by the business context, paying particular attention to location and regulatory institutions in the character and management of CSR/CSI. The chapter concludes with an agenda for future CSR/CSI research in the field of IB strategy that addresses some existing knowledge gaps around the influence of the MNE on its environment.
Global value Chain Governance
Authors: Goerzen Anthony , Van Assche Ari 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe drivers of economic globalization are leading many firms to disaggregate and redistribute their operations by outsourcing and offshoring. The result of the process is to create global value chains (GVCs) that are a collection of loosely affiliated, spatially distributed firms engaged in bringing products from raw materials to end use. A key insight from previous research is that GVCs are typically orchestrated by multinational enterprises (MNEs) given their control over key markets or critical technologies. Yet, very little is known about the emerging phenomenon in which MNEs appear to control production along the GVC without ownership of those assets. This is an important issue as consumers, regulators, and civil society are holding flagship MNEs increasingly responsible for behavior and performance along their entire GVC. This chapter analyzes GVC governance to highlight the fact that MNEs often require specific types of capabilities that relate to the context of their industry and the GVC in which they are embedded. The dynamic capabilities approach is extended to explore the ways and means of GVC governance by lead MNEs to shed new light on the contextual differences that influence the resources and capabilities required to improve GVC performance.
Introduction
Authors: Mellahi Kamel , Meyer Klaus , Narula Rajneesh , Surdu Irina , Verbeke Alain 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInternational business strategy is a field where theory continuously seeks to meet business practice. Increasingly, scholars of international business strategy are concerned with the uncertainties and complexities of international operations, especially when firms commit significant resources to foreign markets. Over time, multinational enterprises have evolved in order to manage the challenges in their environments. The contributions in this volume address key remaining challenges and opportunities for the modern multinational enterprise. These contributions include refinements of traditional ideas about the role of firm-specific and country-specific advantages as well as new knowledge around how the heterogeneity observed in international business strategic behavior stems from the size, origin, governance and other characteristics of the firm. Further, we invite the reader to explore new dimensions of international business strategy, in order to understand the strategic implications of digitalization or the increased social pressure placed on MNEs to “do the right thing” and manage international operations responsibly, in ever changing social, economic and institutional environments. Each chapter provides insightful future research directions and implications for management and policy. This collection is a complete Handbook of International Business Strategy that should serve as a knowledge repository for scholars and managers alike.
A Review of International Entry Mode Research
Authors: Zapkau Florian B. , Schwens Christian , Brouthers Keith D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
International entry mode research continues to be an important focus for managers and academic researchers. When Brouthers and Hennart (2007) reviewed this emerging area of research they made a number of recommendations about how the field could be advanced. This chapter reviews the entry mode research that has been published in academic journals since 2007 and examines how these studies have addressed the issues raised. Specifically, it reviews whether (1) prevalent theories have been deepened, (2) new and different theories have gained traction, (3) new and different methodologies were applied, and (4) a better understanding of the link between mode choice and performance exists. Based on our review which builds on the findings of Brouthers and Hennart (2007), the chapter provides new guidance to help researchers understand what remains to be investigated in this important research area.
Multi-Theoretical Approaches to Studying International Business Strategy
Authors: Tsang Eric W. K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the adoption of a multi-theoretical approach to studying international business (IB) strategy. It first defines the meaning of theory and distinguishes it from related concepts, such as paradigm and model. Although integrating theories is often regarded as providing a more comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon, multi-theoretical studies are not common for a number of reasons. Taking a critical realist perspective, the chapter discusses the functions of using more than one theory in empirical research. The arguments are supported by examples drawn from the IB strategy literature, particularly published empirical papers. Most importantly, the chapter offers suggestions about promoting and conducting multi-theoretical research.
Phenomenology
Authors: Høffding Simon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that phenomenology can be methodologically enriched by engaging in second-person methods, exemplified by this chapter’s interviews with the Danish String Quartet about “losing oneself” in music. It points to the importance of relinquishing control in order to enter into an intense absorption and “losing oneself.” The chapter criticizes existing accounts of expertise and absorption for getting stuck on the question of whether one can reflect while performing, at the expense of overlooking the sense of relinquishing control or “letting the music play itself.” It elucidates the meaning of this relinquishing by pointing to the importance of bodily habitualities, the sense of agency, and affective intentionality, and concludes how this perspective can account for the conditions of possibility of playing sophisticated music while having “lost oneself.”
The Enlightenment
Authors: McAuley Tomás 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter traces the history of music and philosophy in the Enlightenment, with a particular focus on English thinkers in the years 1660–1750. It identifies three modes of interaction between musical and philosophical ideas: music as object of philosophy, music as inspiration for philosophy, and music as corroboration for philosophy. The chapter hones in particularly on the significance of the new, “mechanical” approach to philosophy that emerged in the later seventeenth century and on changing explanations of music’s fabled ability to cure the bite of the tarantula. Through all of this, it uncovers how ideas about musical harmony and music’s affective power were intertwined in this period. It also includes two eighteenth-century case studies showing how these ideas played themselves out in the French “high” Enlightenment and in German Idealist philosophy at the close of the Enlightenment. The chapter closes with an examination of the relative merits, in this context, of the terms “Baroque,” “scientific revolution,” and “Enlightenment.”
The Twentieth Century
Authors: Levitz Tamara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter seeks to create a coherent narrative of one dominant strand of music and philosophy—phenomenology—in a limited, largely Western geographical space in the years 1900–58. Through this example, it traces the material history of the philosophy of music as it developed as an exclusive and exclusionary profession within the Westernized university in the twentieth century. In particular, it examines how encounters between the fields of aesthetics and phenomenology at international conferences and in so-called little journals generated intellectual paradigm shifts, ending with the symbolic birth of the analytic–continental divide at the 1958 Royaumont Conference. The chapter reveals that significant structural changes in musical-philosophical practice undermine any universal assessment of the century. The fragmented twentieth-century history presented here anticipates another history yet to be written: one that is truly global and acknowledges structural inequality, white supremacy and privilege, and exclusion.
Ontology
Authors: Nussbaum Charles O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The chapter moves through a brief history of ontology and trends in contemporary analytic ontology before investigating common positions in musical ontology such as Platonism (Kivy, Dodd), compliance theory (Goodman, Elgin), continuant theory (Rohrbaugh, Magnus), and performance theory (Davies, Currie). After evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each of these, it argues for a version of continuant theory as an account of musical ontology that makes sense of musical practices and intuitions while honouring naturalistic philosophical commitments. Moreover, I suggest that the inherently “shaky” nature of undecidable claims within ontology (musical or otherwise) means that ontological approaches should not take fact-stating as their sole objective. Rather, ontological statements may function both descriptively and prescriptively: as such, ontology possesses a key regulative purpose within our theoretical discourse.
Absolute Music
Authors: Collins Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
“Absolute music” names an idea, an aesthetic concept, a regulative construct, a repertoire, and an aspiration. The term also engages a range of broader claims about aesthetic autonomy, or the possibility of aesthetic experience more generally. This chapter investigates how and why the aspiration towards autonomy has seemed so necessary—and so powerfully subversive—for musical thinkers at certain times in history. It traces the entanglements and misalignments of the various meanings and uses of these ideas, and brings these insights into the remit of contemporary debates about music’s ineffability, and its capacity to facilitate resistance and political agency.
Composition
Authors: Dubiel Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The activity of composition is little discussed in philosophy, understandably due to its disunity across musical cultures. In the context of the individually composed concert music that has preoccupied the discipline, composing and the composer are often invoked figuratively as objects of a kind of engagement expected of the listener. This figure has survived a reversal of direction in a prominent line of anti-modern musical critique, in which composers can be faulted for not proceeding in ways that match those to which listeners supposedly are bound. In a music-analytical example drawn from the finale of Ruth Crawford Seeger’s String Quartet, alternatives are offered to these views. Explicit compositional procedures, realizing Crawford’s radical conception of dissonance, are regarded as influential upon, not definitive of, audible traits of what they produce; and the utility of these procedures is seen as including idle, indirect, and even counter-productive elements. Awareness of compositional process, and of the conceptions in which it is embedded, may substantially affect audition and appreciation.
Music Theory and Philosophy
Authors: Rehding Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In principle, music theory and philosophy are close allies, both trying to understand the fundamental issues of music. In practice, however, a deep rift has remained ever since the time of Aristotle and Aristoxenus. Rather than present a survey, this chapter focuses on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when the foundations were laid for our current music-theoretical practice, to examine the sources of tension and attraction between the two discourses, using Schopenhauer’s philosophy and Ernst Kurth’s Wagnerian music theory as a twin case study. Both Schopenhauer’s metaphysics of music and Kurth’s energistic model of tension-relaxation present related views on harmony and melody. When considered in combination, the two go a long way to bridging the age-old disparities between both disciplines.