bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics analysis reveals alterations of NK cells in patients with severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Tian , Chen Yingying , Liu Chunyan , Qi Weiwei , Shao Yuanyuan , Yu Hong , Chen Tong , Ding Shaoxue , Li Yang , Wang Ting , Shao Zonghong , Fu Rong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionSevere aplastic anemia (SAA) is a disease characterized by severe pancytopenia and hematopoietic failure of bone marrow. Natural killer (NK) cells are a class of large granular lymphocytes that perform killing and immunomodulatory functions. Our previous study demonstrated that NK cells played the “protective” role in SAA, which is weakened. However, the mechanism remains unclear.MethodsPeripheral blood NK cells from SAA patients and normal controls were sorted and total proteins were extracted. Then, mass spectrometry was performed to screen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs).ResultsSignificant differences in the expression levels of 93 proteins were observed in NK cells of SAA patients compared with normal controls. Among them, 48 were upregulated proteins, including histone H1.2, histone H1.3, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1), and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF‐1), and 45 were downregulated proteins, including actin‐related complex (ARP2/3), histone H3, histone H4, phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), talin‐1. Gene Ontology (GO) function indicated that the DEPs most involved were vesicle‐mediated transport, innate immune response, and DNA binding. KEGG analysis showed 3 upregulated and 12 downregulated pathways, in which cell endocytosis and FC‐γ receptor‐mediated phagocytosis were most closely related to NK cell functions.ConclusionOur study is the first analysis of proteomic profile in NK cells in SAA and found many DEPs involving in dysfunction of NK cells, which provides potential targets for deeper research of inadequate immunomodulation.
Real‐world assay variability between laboratories in monitoring of recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein activity in plasma samples
Authors: Sommer Jurg M. , Sadeghi‐Khomami Ali , Barnowski Christopher , Wikén Margareta , Willemze Annemieke J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionMonitoring of factor IX (FIX) replacement therapy in haemophilia B relies on accurate coagulation assays. However, considerable interlaboratory variability has been reported for one‐stage clotting (OSC) assays. This study aimed to evaluate the real‐world, interlaboratory variability of routine FIX activity assays used in clinical haemostasis laboratories for the measurement of recombinant FIX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) activity.MethodsHuman FIX‐depleted plasma was spiked with rFIXFc at 0.80, 0.20 or 0.05 IU/mL based on label potency. Participating laboratories tested samples using their own routine OSC or chromogenic substrate (CS) assay protocols, reagents and FIX plasma standards. Laboratories could perform more than one measurement and method, and were not fully blinded to nominal activity values.ResultsA total of 142 laboratories contributed OSC results from 175 sample kits using 11 different activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) reagents. The median recovered FIX activity for the 0.80, 0.20 and 0.05 IU/mL samples was 0.72 IU/mL, 0.21 IU/mL and 0.060 IU/mL, respectively. Across all OSC reagents, interlaboratory variability (% CV) per aPTT reagent ranged from 9.4% to 32.1%, 8.2% to 32.6% and 12.2% to 42.0% at the 0.80, 0.20 and 0.05 IU/mL levels, respectively. CS results showed excellent median recoveries at all nominal levels (87.5% to 115.0%; n = 11) with low interlaboratory variability (CV 3.6% to 15.4%).ConclusionThis large, real‐world data set indicates that rFIXFc activity in plasma samples can be accurately measured with the majority of routine OSC and CS assay methods. Given the variation in FIX assay procedures between sites, it is important that individual laboratories qualify their in‐house methods for monitoring of rFIXFc activity.
Frontline perspective on credentialing and privileging of ambulatory care pharmacists
Authors: Weber Zachary A , Skelley Jessica W , Riche Daniel M , Bryant Shilliday Betsy , Cavanaugh Jamie J , Foster Keith 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To present the current state of, and frontline advice on, the implementation of successful credentialing and privileging processes for practicing pharmacists in the United States.

Methods
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) Section Advisory Group on Compensation and Practice Sustainability surveyed ambulatory care pharmacists via ASHP Connect about the status, structure and oversight of their ambulatory care clinical practice sites with credentialed and privileged (C&P) pharmacists.

Key findings
Over 80% of survey respondents identified themselves as a C&P pharmacist, and over 90% indicated it is ‘Important’ or ‘Very Important’ for pharmacists to be C&P. Qualitative survey responses indicated the most important considerations for establishing or expanding a credentialing and privileging process for ambulatory care pharmacists were ‘don't re-create the wheel’, ‘establish a physician champion and/or obtain leadership buy-in’, ‘be persistent and patient’, ‘develop a guidance document’ and ‘work within existing processes’.

Conclusions
Starting a credentialing and privileging process is critical in preparation for, or response to, provider status recognition of pharmacists in the United States. When used with existing guidance documents on credentialing and privileging, ‘front line’ advice from practicing pharmacists can help promote expanded roles for pharmacists within healthcare systems.
Using Organizational Architecture to Lead Change
Authors: Brickley James , Smith Clifford , Zimmerman Jerold , Willett Janice 
Published: March 2020

Effective leadership involves more than developing and communicating the right strategic vision for the company. To encourage employees to carry out the corporate vision, companies must ensure consistency among the following three main components of their organizational architecture: (1) the allocation of decision‐making authority; (2) performance measurement systems; and (3) reward systems.The authors illustrate the application of this framework with the case of Xerox's (eventually) successful attempt to create a customer‐oriented workforce in the 1980s. But a more effective demonstration of the importance of these principles, as the authors go on to suggest, might well be the same company's well‐known failure to harvest the commercial promise of the many inventions by its research group in Palo Alto, one of which became the basis for Steve Jobs' success at Apple.This organizational framework is especially useful for evaluating the likely effects of major corporate initiatives such as “Six Sigma” or the “Balanced Scorecard.” For example, it could be used to help top management determine whether, and under what circumstances, decentralization is likely to improve decision‐making and performance, as well as the changes in the firm's performance management and incentive systems that would be required to make decentralization work.Finally, the authors apply the framework to another important leadership issue: corporate ethics. Since the scandals of the early 2000s and the passage of Sarbanes‐Oxley, many, if not most, U.S. companies have issued formal codes of conduct, appointed ethics officers, and instituted training programs in ethics. But a key question for top management is whether the incentives established by the company's organizational architecture reinforce or undermine the code of conduct. Ensuring consistency in organizational design is an important leadership function—one that is critical to encouraging ethical behavior as well as the pursuit of shareholder value.
Psychiatric symptoms, challenging behaviour and utilization of psychiatric services among adults with intellectual disabilities in Turkey
Authors: Gormez Aynur , Kurtulmus Ayse , Ince Zeynep , Torun Perihan , Uysal Omer , Cıtak Serhat 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and the factors associated with psychiatric symptoms (PS) and challenging behaviour (CB) in adults with intellectual disabilities, and the utilization of psychiatric services in Turkey.MethodPsychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Developmental Disorders Checklist‐Revised was used for PS and a structured form for other variables in 771 participants.ResultsOf the participants, 50.1% had PS and 36.4% presented with CB. Multivariate analysis revealed that a higher level of needs, better verbal ability, residential living, incontinence and CB, and lifetime suicidal ideation/attempt were independently associated with PS. For CB, it emerged as male carer, PS, lifetime suicidal attempt/ideation, lower level of verbal ability and autism spectrum disorder. Barriers were experienced by 64.7% of participants within the previous year.ConclusionsPsychiatric symptoms and CB seem to be problems for a significant proportion of adults with intellectual disabilities in Turkey, and there are certain barriers to psychiatric services.
The effect of adaptation theory‐based therapeutic approach on adolescents anger management
Authors: Doğan Satı , Çam Olcay 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProblemAnger is usually defined as psychometric, rather than a theoretical model and generally, anger treatments have been developed for handling incompatible anger. Roy Adaptation Model‐based intervention not only focuses on problematic behaviors but also on healthy behaviors and to evaluate the individual with a holistic perspective. The research aim was the examination of the effect of the Roy adaptation theory‐based, cognitive‐behavioral approach program on adolescent's anger management.MethodsIn this study, the pretest–posttest control group experimental design, interview, and observation techniques were used. Carried out in a vocational training center, with 60 participants (experimental group 30 and control group 30), who meet the research criteria. The semi‐structured interview forms, the state‐trait anger expression inventory, multidimensional anger scale, and brief symptom inventory were used for data collection. Results have been evaluated to the 95% confidence interval and p < .05 significance level. In data analysis; descriptive statistics, Pearson's χ2 test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon Sign tests were used.FindingsThere was a significant difference in anger management levels of the experimental group after the adaptation theory‐based therapeutic approach program.ConclusionStudy results showed that the adaptation‐base therapeutic approach is effective in adolescent's anger management. This program will contribute to theoretical and practical studies and field experts.
Political activism and polarization
Authors: Venkatesh Raghul S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractI develop a model of activism and polarization in the context of electoral competition. Two candidates simultaneously announce policy platforms and seek the support of ideologically inclined activists. Activists compete to influence electoral outcomes by expending costly support for their respective candidates. The presence of activists always moderates the platform choice of candidates, compared to the case of no activism. The central finding of the paper is that the relationship between partisanship of activists and polarization is ambiguous. As activists become increasingly partisan, polarization of candidate platforms reduces or widens depending on the costs of activism. I present normative conditions under which the presence of activism and increased partisanship among activists are both welfare‐improving for voters. Finally, introducing a public funding option for candidates increases polarization in the political process.
Thinness and fecundability: Time to pregnancy after adolescent marriage in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Hur Jinhee , West Keith P. , Shamim Abu Ahmed , Rashid Mahbubur , Labrique Alain B. , Wu Lee S.F. , Ali Hasmot , Ullah Barkat , Schulze Kerry J. , Klemm Rolf D.W. , Christian Parul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUndernutrition may affect fecundability, but few studies have quantified this relationship. In rural Bangladesh, where newlywed couples face strong pressures to become pregnant, we assessed fecundability, estimated by time to pregnancy (TTP), and its association with preconceptional thinness among nulligravid, newlywed female adolescents. During 2001–2002, 5,516 newlywed women aged 12–19 years participated in a home‐based, 5‐weekly surveillance system for 5–6 years to enrol pregnant women into an antenatal vitamin A or β‐carotene supplementation trial. Thinness was defined as a left mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) ≤21.5 versus >21.5 cm. At each visit, staff obtained a monthly history of menstruation. Report of amenorrhea prompted a human chorionic gonadotropin urine test to confirm pregnancy. We derived hazard ratios (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for pregnancy and Kaplan–Meier curves for TTP. Ages of women at marriage and pregnancy detection (mean ± standard deviation) were 15.3 ± 1.9 and 17.0 ± 1.9 years, respectively. A total of 82.7% of thinner and 87.3% of better nourished women became pregnant. The unadjusted and multivariable relative hazard of ever becoming pregnant was 0.84 (95% CI [0.78, 0.89]) and 0.86 (95% CI [0.81, 0.92]), respectively, and TTP was 12 weeks longer (median [95% CI]: 63 [58–68] vs. 51 [49–54]) in women whose MUAC was ≤21.5 versus >21.5 cm. In rural Bangladesh, thin adolescent newlywed girls have a lower probability of becoming pregnant and experience a longer time to pregnancy.
First‐Generation Refugees’ Rejection of Racial Self‐Identification in South Africa: Constructing Non‐Racial Identifications
Authors: Tewolde Amanuel Isak 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough racial classification in South Africa has been extensively studied by scholars, little is known about the extent to which post‐apartheid refugees or immigrants reject the South African racial classification system. In particular, there is scant research on Eritrean refugees’ self‐identification patterns within the racially structured South African host society. The current study addresses this lacuna by exploring how first‐generation Eritrean refugees and asylum seekers, who originate from an ethno‐linguistically structured social system, self‐identify. Semi‐structured interviews with 46 participants were conducted. Largely, those who lived in isolated Eritrean ethnic communities rejected identifying by race and instead self‐classified by identities they were familiar with in their home country. The results reported here form only part of a larger study that identified various themes. Four themes were identified in relation to this paper's specific research question: (1) identifying as human; (2) identifying as Eritrean; (3) identifying as Habesha; and (4) identifying as Tigrinya. The paper argues that non‐acculturated and residentially and ethnically isolated individual refugees in South Africa eschew South Africa's racial classification system. The resistance to racialization by new refugees might hold potential for transforming the country's entrenched racial classification system based on Black, White, Coloured, and Indian categories as the social demographics of South Africa change in response to immigration.
Microscopic and functional changes observed with dynamic optical coherence tomography for severe refractory atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab
Authors: Manfredini Marco , Liberati Serena , Ciardo Silvana , Bonzano Laura , Guanti Mario , Chester Johanna , Kaleci Shaniko , Pellacani Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Recently, dupilumab was approved for moderate‐to‐severe AD. D‐OCT is a noninvasive tool for the characterization of skin diseases.ObjectiveTo describe the changes observed with D‐OCT in lesional and clinically healthy skin of patients with refractory severe AD under dupilumab treatment.MethodsWe analyzed AD lesions and healthy skin by D‐OCT. Clinical scores of AD severity were assessed at baseline (T0) and after 1 and 3 months of treatment (T1, T2). Descriptive statistics, chi‐square test, and t test were used to compare the analyzed parameters over time and between AD lesions and clinically healthy skin.ResultsAt baseline, average EASI was 45.7. During the follow‐up, EASI75 and EASI90 were achieved in 57% and 36% of patients at T1 and 100% and 86% of patients at T2, respectively. Lesional skin D‐OCT parameters related to epidermal remodeling and inflammation evidenced a significant improvement after 1 month of treatment. In clinically healthy skin, D‐OCT parameters improved significantly after 3 months of treatment, especially for collagen remodeling and inflammation.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that the clinical improvement of severe AD patients under dupilumab treatment is correlated with specific D‐OCT changes of patients’ lesional and clinically healthy skin.
Persistent nonregenerative anemia in a 4‐year‐old cat
Authors: Long Mackenzie E. , Mustonen Allison M. , Zitzer Nina C. , Byron Julie K. , Wellman Maxey L. , Cianciolo Rachel E. , Hokamp Jessica A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 4‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented to The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine for a 2‐month history of severe weight loss, lethargy, anemia, and bilaterally hyperechoic kidneys with loss of corticomedullary distinction as reported by the referring veterinarian. Relevant initial laboratory results included severe non‐regenerative normocytic hypochromic anemia, increased blood urea nitrogen, minimally concentrated urine, proteinuria, and an increased urine protein:creatinine ratio. Cytologic evaluation of a bone marrow aspirate revealed a markedly hypocellular marrow with abundant mucinous material. Gelatinous marrow transformation (GMT) was confirmed histologically by the presence of mucinous material in the bone marrow that stained positive for Alcian blue but negative for periodic acid‐Schiff. The cat died despite repeated blood transfusions and supportive care. Gelatinous marrow transformation, immune complex‐mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage were observed on autopsy and histology. It is likely that the development of GMT was secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and that CKD, GMT, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage contributed to the cat's non‐regenerative anemia.
An Auto-Regressive Exogenous-Based Temperature Controller for a Hybrid Thermoplastic Microforming of Surgical Blades From Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Dancholvichit Nattasit , Kapoor Shiv 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Temperature control is critical in manufacturing of the multifacet bulk metallic glass (BMG) knife edge. The temperature control in thermoplastic forming process could make a significant effect on the type of deformation, which ultimately results in the final blade edge shape. The controller selection is based on the knowledge of the model from system identification, the performance of the controllers, and the feasibility of the implementation to the testbed. In this study, temperature control, using fuzzy logic, is implemented along with auto-regressive exogenous, ARX model, which can maintain the steady-state temperature within the range of ±2.5 K. With this proposed controller, experiments have shown similar or better results of multifacet blade geometries than those manufactured using proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. The blade edge samples are successfully manufactured with the average straightness and the edge radius of the blade of 3.66 ± 0.5 μm and 25.7 ± 6 nm, respectively.
Spatiotemporal modelling of pregabalin prescribing in England with effect of deprivation
Authors: Zheng Ziyu , Taylor Benjamin , Rowlingson Barry , Lawson Euan 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThis paper aims to understand spatial and temporal trends in pregabalin prescribing and the relationship with deprivation across England at both general practice and clinical commissioning group (CCG) levels.DesignA set of 207 independent generalised additive models are employed to model the spatiotemporal trend of pregabalin prescribed and dispensed per 1000 population, adjusting for deprivation. The response variable is pregabalin prescribed in milligrams, with weighted Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), geographical location and time as predictors. The set of active prescribing facilities grouped within CCG is the unit of analysis.SettingNational Health Service open prescribing data; all general practices in England, UK between January 2015 and June 2017.PopulationAll patients registered to general practices in England, UK.ResultsAdjusting for deprivation, a North–South divide is shown in terms of prescribing trends, with the North of England showing increasing prescribing rates during the study period on average, while in the South of England rates are on average decreasing. Approximately 60% of general practices showed increasing prescribing rate, with the highest being 4.03 (1.75 for the most decreasing). There were no apparent spatial patterns in baseline prescription rates at the CCG level. Weighted IMD score proved to be statistically significant in 138 of 207 CCGs. Two-thirds of CCGs showed more pregabalin prescribed in areas of greater deprivation. Whether the prescribing rate is high due to high baseline prescription rate or increasing rates needs to be specifically looked at.ConclusionsThe spatial temporal modelling demonstrated that the North of England has a significantly higher chance to see increase in pregablin prescriptions compared with the South, adjusted for weighted IMD. Weighted IMD has shown positive impact on pregabalin prescriptions for 138 CCGs.
Validating the effect of Ondansetron and Mirtazapine In Treating hyperemesis gravidarum (VOMIT): protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ostenfeld Anne , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard , Futtrup Tina Bergmann , Andersen Jon Trærup , Jensen Andreas Kryger , Westergaard Hanne Brix , Pedersen Lars Henning , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionCurrent pharmacological treatment options for hyperemesis gravidarum have been introduced based on scarce evidence and are often not sufficiently effective. Several case reports suggest that mirtazapine, an antidepressant, may be an effective treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum, but so far there are no controlled trials investigating the potential effect of mirtazapine on hyperemesis gravidarum. The antiemetic ondansetron is currently widely used to treat hyperemesis gravidarum despite sparse evidence of effect in pregnant women. This study aims to investigate the effect of mirtazapine on hyperemesis gravidarum while also providing data on the effect of ondansetron.Methods and analysisThis randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre trial will be conducted in eight Danish hospitals. One hundred and eighty pregnant women referred to secondary care for hyperemesis gravidarum will be randomly allocated to 14-day treatment with either mirtazapine, ondansetron or placebo. Main inclusion criterion will be Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE-24) score ≥13 or PUQE-24 score ≥7 if accompanied by weight loss >5% of pre-pregnancy weight or hospitalisation. Participants are eligible regardless of whether other antiemetics, including ondansetron, have been tried. The coprimary outcomes are effects of mirtazapine and ondansetron, respectively, on PUQE-24 score tested hierarchically on day 2 and day 14. Secondary outcomes include, but are not limited to, differences between the three groups in number of daily vomiting episodes, dropout due to treatment failure, use of rescue medication, weight change and side effects.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the Regional Committees on Health Research Ethics in the Capital Region of Denmark, the Danish Medicines Agency and the Danish Data Protection Agency. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and submitted to relevant conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03785691