bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale inflatable structures for tunnel protection: a review of the Resilient Tunnel Plug project
Authors: Sosa Eduardo M. , Thompson Gregory J. , Holter Gregory M. , Fortune John M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe protection of underground civil infrastructure continues to be a high priority for transportation and transit security agencies. In particular, rail transit tunnels running under bodies of water are susceptible to disruptions due to flooding caused by extraordinary climatic events such as hurricanes or other events resulting from human activities. Several events have taken place in the past decades that have demonstrated the need to mitigate vulnerabilities or, at least, minimize the consequences of catastrophic events. Although it is impossible to prevent all situations that can lead to flooding, damage can be substantially decreased by reducing the area affected by the event. To minimize the effects of an event, a possible approach is to compartmentalize the tunnel system by creating temporary barriers that can contain the propagation of flooding until a more permanent solution can be implemented. One way to create a temporary barrier is by the deployment of a large-scale inflatable structure, also known as an inflatable plug. In such an application, the inflatable structure is prepared for placement, either permanently or temporally, and maintained ready for deployment, inflation, and pressurization when needed. The internal plug pressure imparts a normal force against the tunnel wall surface with the friction between the plug and tunnel surfaces opposing axial movement of the plug. The sealing effectiveness depends on the ability of the inflatable structure to self-deploy and fit, without human intervention, to the intricacies of the perimeter of the conduit being sealed. Primary design constraints include having the plug stowed away from the dynamic envelope of the trains and being able to withhold the pressure of the flooding water. This work presents a compilation of the main aspects of the activities completed for the development of large-scale inflatable structures as part of the Resilient Tunnel Plug (RTP) Project. The main test results and lessons learned are presented to demonstrate the viability of implementing large-scale inflatable plugs for the containment of flooding in rail tunnels systems. Over 400 coupon and specimen tests, 200 reduced scale tests, and 100 full-scale tests were conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the design of different prototypes over a 10-year research and development project. The culmination of the work was 12 large-scale flooding demonstrations where the inflatable tunnel plug was shown able to be deployed remotely and withstand a simulated flooding event.
Light meson masses from baryon interaction states?
Authors: Trinhammer Ole L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We examine interaction states between baryons in U(3) configurations. Such interaction states may represent the meson mass spectrum above the pion triplet. Our configuration space is the Lie group U(3) with a Hamiltonian structure for baryons as stationary states. Mesonic states come about via an interaction potential. The Hamiltonian can be diagonalized by a Rayleigh-Ritz method resulting in matrix element integrals that can be solved analytically for the toroidal degrees of freedom by expanding on a suitable set of base functions. We compare calculated eigenvalues for indefinite parity states to observed unflavoured meson masses.
Muuga või Kersna? Eesti rööpsete perekonnanimede teke ja kadu
Authors: Puss Fred 
Published: August 2020

Rööpsete perekonnanimede teke on unikaalne Eestis ja Lätis, kus mõisas pandi 1820.–1830. aastail samale talupojale üks, kirikus aga teine perekonnanimi. Nimede panemise õigus oli mõisadel, kuid kohati võtsid pastorid osa nimede panekust ning muutsid kirikuraamatutes nimesid ka hiljem. Eestis oli üksikuid piirkondi (mõisu), kus rööpnimede hulk oli suurem, nt Ahja mõisas 53%, Roosna-Alliku mõisa Järva- Madise kihelkonna osas 32%, olles enamasti aga mõne protsendi piires. Võnnu kihelkonnas muutsid vastastikku üksteise nimeloomet mõisavalitsused, kolm järjestikust pastorit ning eriti köster. Pärast üldise perekonnanimepanekuga loodud rööpnimesid oli XIX sajandi teisel poolel ja XX sajandi algul nende tavalisim tekkepõhjus saksastamine, harvem sugulussuhete muutumine (kärgpered, lapsendamised). Kui mõnel pool jõudsid kirikuraamatute nimekujud ka hingeloendisse, siis tavaline see polnud. Sel põhjusel oli ka XX sajandi algul inimestel vallavalitsuse välja antud tsaariaegses passis või iseseisvusaegsel isikutunnistusel üks, kirikuraamatutes teine nimi. Rööpnimed kaotati enamasti riiklike perekonnaregistrite sisseseadmisega alates 1926. aastast ning ametlikustati reeglina sünnikandes leiduv nimekuju. Osal juhtudel tekkisid topeltnimed. Rööpnimed on dokumentides tekitanud segadust ka hiljem.
Abstract. Fred Puss: Muuga or Kersna? The appearance and perishment of Estonian parallel family names. The reason for the appearance of parallel family names in Estonia and Latvia is unique: in the 1820s–1830s, the manor officials gave family names to local peasants and the Lutheran pastors changed those names or gave different ones. In some areas, mismatch was up to 53%, but generally did not exceed a few percent. Sometimes in the church records, the names were later changed to match the manor (or later tax) records, but much less often vice versa. However, when the names in the church records were changed (mostly Germanized) in the second half of the 19th century, but not in the tax records, new mismatches appeared. As of 1926, the state began to keep vital statistics records and the name in a birth entry in the church book was usually fixed as the only family name thereafter. This marked the end of the occurrence of most of the parallel family names in Estonia, but some became double family names and some still caused confusion in later records.
Blood glucose level during induction phase chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Andria Nunki , Moelyo Annang Giri , Reza Muhammad 
Published: August 2020

Background Steroids and L-asparaginase (L-Asp) are agents used in induction phase chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Both agents are often reported to have the side effect of hyperglycemia, and native L-Asp is also reported to cause hypoglycemia. In ALL patients, hyperglycemic events during chemotherapy can cause lower 5-year overall and relapse-free survival.
Objective To investigate the incidence of abnormal blood glucose level (BG) as the side effect of prednisone and L-Asp during induction phase chemotherapy, its predisposing factors, and its effect on remission status.
Methods This cohort prospective study was conducted in 36 children aged 1-18 years who were newly diagnosed with childhood ALL at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java. Subjects’ nutritional status consist of wellnourished and undernourishment. Subjects underwent BG monitoring. At the end of induction phase chemotherapy, subjects underwent bone marrow puncture (BMP) evaluation to assess their response to chemotherapy and the effect of abnormal BG on remission status.
Results Hypoglycemia, a combination of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia, as well as euglycemia, were experienced by 9, 7, 6, and 14 subjects, respectively. Nutritional status was found to be a significant risk factor for abnormal BG. There was no significant difference in remission status at the end of induction phase chemotherapy between the euglycemic group and abnormal BG groups (P=0.533).
Conclusion Abnormal BG during induction phase chemotherapy did not affect remission status at the end of induction phase. Undernourishment is also found to be a predisposing factor in abnormal BG.
Duration of active epilepsy as a predictor of seizure control after relapse in child epilepsy
Authors: Subakti Charles , Julia Madarina , Triono Agung 
Published: August 2020

Background Epilepsy is a chronic illness that may affect childhood growth and development. Some epilepsy cases are easy to control, either with monotherapy or politherapy antiepilepticdrugs, but many cases are difficult to control. Several factors influence the risk of relapse, but information is limited on factors predictive of seizure control after relapse. Our study investigate patient with epilepsy relaps and see whether the duration of active epilepsy prior to initial remission can be use as a predictor of seizure control after relaps.
Objective To assess whether duration of active epilepsy was predictive of seizure control after relapse.
Methods This retrospective cohort study was performed in Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, on epileptic relapse patients aged 2 to 18 years , who had achieved remission for at least a 2-year seizure-free interval, and relapsed after antiepileptic drud (AED) discontinuation. We excluded patients with progressive neurological diseases, inborn errors of metabolism, febrile seizures, and those who could not be followed up for at least 2 years, or those with incomplete medical records. Subjects were divided into those who had a duration of active epilepsy prior to initial remission within 6 months and ≥6 months. Time to seizure control after relapse was analysed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
Results A total of 80 patients were included in the study. Overall median for seizure control after relapse was 3.6 (95%CI 1.1 to 6.0) months. Median for seizure control after relapse for those who had a duration of active epilepsy prior to initial remission within 6 months and ≥ 6 months were 3 (95%CI 0.1 to 5.8) months and 12 (95%CI 4.4 to 19.5) months, respectively. Log-rank test revealed no significant difference between groups (P=0.12).
Conclusion Duration of active epilepsy prior to initial remission was not a predictor for seizure control after relapse.
Headache Associated with Chiari Malformation Type One
Authors: seddeg yasser , Awad Ali , Osman Haytham 
Published: August 2020

Patients with chiari malformation type one ( CM -1 ) headache may be mistaken by chronic migraines or other causes of headache, so analysis of headache related to CM-1 is corner stone in early diagnosis of the disease.
The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical characteristics of headache in the patients with CM-1 to help primary care clinicians better understand the relationship between an individual's presenting symptoms of CM 1, so aiding for early diagnosis and early management and for better outcome.

This was prospective observational analytical study carried out in Khartoum state hospitals that provide neurosurgical services, (NCNS, Neurospine Center-Ribat Teaching Hospital, Military Hospital, and Omdurman Teaching Hospital) from February 2018- September 2019.

Study was included
18 adult males and females of different ages diagnosed with Chiari MF -1 who undergoing decompressive surgery.
Symptomatic patients diagnosed with Chiari MF -1Patients with no history of neurological illnesses or history of cranial surgery were included.
Patients with history of any neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and with other causes of headache were excluded from the study.
Evaluation and full analysis of headache were registered including type of headache, site, duration headache, time lasting, radiation of pain, severity using headache scale, associated ocular and visual symptoms.
This study included 18 patients diagnosed with chiari 1 malformation and suffering from headache related to chiari 1 malformation. Full analysis of the headache was obtained. The headache was mostly in the back of the head (n=17/18 , 94.4%) and only in (n=1/18, 5.6%), the headache was in the sides or front of the head. In 12 patients (n=12/18 , 66.7%) headache worsen by bending forward. And in 6 patients (n=6/18 , 33.3%) worsen by cough. Regarding the type of headache, mostly pressure in nature (n=17/18 , 94.4%) and it was rarely throbbing in nature(n=1/18, 5.6%),. All patients were asked to evaluate their headache in headache scale from 1 to 10 (10 more severe). The scale ranged between 5 and 9 with mean 6.88. headache could be long or short lasting (from hours to days).Eye symptoms included blurring of vision complained by 9 patients(n=9/18, 50%), light sensitivity in 5 patients ((n=5/18, 27.8%), and 6 patients (n=6/18 , 33.3%) there were no eye symptoms. Neck pain was a dominant symptom seen in 17 patients (n=17/18, 94.4%) , and back pain in 18 patients (n=18/18 , 100%) . headache subsided after decompression surgery in all patients included in this study.
Knowledge and understanding the CM-1 headache characters are important for early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease.
Background Selection Does Not Mimic the Patterns of Genetic Diversity Produced by Selective Sweeps
Authors: Schrider Daniel R 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is increasingly evident that natural selection plays a prominent role in shaping patterns of diversity across the genome. The most commonly studied modes of natural selection are positive selection and negative selection, which refer to directional selection for and against derived mutations, respectively. Positive selection can result in hitchhiking events, in which a beneficial allele rapidly replaces all others in the population, creating a valley of diversity around the selected site along with characteristic skews in allele frequencies and linkage disequilibrium among linked neutral polymorphisms. Similarly, negative selection reduces variation not only at selected sites but also at linked sites, a phenomenon called background selection (BGS). Thus, discriminating between these two forces may be difficult, and one might expect efforts to detect hitchhiking to produce an excess of false positives in regions affected by BGS. Here, we examine the similarity between BGS and hitchhiking models via simulation. First, we show that BGS may somewhat resemble hitchhiking in simplistic scenarios in which a region constrained by negative selection is flanked by large stretches of unconstrained sites, echoing previous results. However, this scenario does not mirror the actual spatial arrangement of selected sites across the genome. By performing forward simulations under more realistic scenarios of BGS, modeling the locations of protein-coding and conserved noncoding DNA in real genomes, we show that the spatial patterns of variation produced by BGS rarely mimic those of hitchhiking events. Indeed, BGS is not substantially more likely than neutrality to produce false signatures of hitchhiking. This holds for simulations modeled after both humans and Drosophila, and for several different demographic histories. These results demonstrate that appropriately designed scans for hitchhiking need not consider BGS’s impact on false-positive rates. However, we do find evidence that BGS increases the false-negative rate for hitchhiking, an observation that demands further investigation.
On the nature of collocations and ways of teaching them in foreign language classes
Authors: Nagy Tünde 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhen it comes to teaching vocabulary in foreign language classes words are often taught in isolation, without regard to the context in which they appear. The paper draws attention to the importance of teaching words in context so that the meaning of a word often results from the meaning of a larger construction it is part of. After presenting the morpho-syntactic and semantic characteristics of collocations, and the difficulties language learners face in acquiring them, the paper presents a few ideas on how to teach collocations, giving examples of activities and exercises that can facilitate the learning process. The focus has been laid on activities that can complement the lessons in class, can be applicable at different levels and also require relatively little preparation from the part of the teacher. In addition, an important aspect has been to choose activities that language learning have fun doing (that include creativity, problem solving, humor, real life examples, own experiences, etc.) and that integrate the necessary language learning skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing). Without the intention of being exhaustive, the paper concentrates on those activities and tasks that present collocations in their entirety, as constructions, assuming that these are the most useful for students. While the ideas presented are generally applicable in foreign language classes, the present paper has been written with native Hungarian speakers in mind.
The impact of social and cultural capital on the success of language exams
Authors: Somfalvi Zita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe problem of not having a language exam by the end of the university years affects thousands of students in Hungary. The literature reveals that this area is less researched, but there are a number of factors that I found important to examine. I did my research in the East Hungarian region. The reason for this is that many studies in this area have a higher rate of unsuccessful language learners than the rest of the country. I used online survey method in the form of a questionnaire, which consisted mostly of closed questions (alternative, selective and scale). My questions were focused on topics such as socioeconomic status, school life, language biography, cultural capital, language-specific social capital, language-learning type, affective characteristics, language pedagogy, drop-out and language learning attitudes. In this present study I highlight the effect of social and cultural effect on the success of language learning. During the query I used snowball method and address list query. As finding the target people proved to be very difficult, the number of elements is not significant (N = 202).
Inquiry of the relationship between the popularity of foreign languages and the learning effectiveness on the basis of OKM 2016 database
Authors: Somfalvi Zita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study's objective is to determine the relationship between the popularity of the foreign language and the study efficiency based on the OKM 2016 database. In our results you can see that the popularity of foreign languages is outstanding compared to other subjects. Concerning the gender and study average it is apparent that among girls and those with higher study average the subject is more popular than among boys and those with lower study average. The results of regression show that girls, those who live in town, who attend high school, who learn in larger schools, who do not attend religious school, who are descendants of highly educated parents and those whose parents' status is active in the labour market have positive opinion. Beyond the socio-demographic variables the popularity of the foreign language as a subject has an effect on the study average. The relevance of this study can be defined in the future research of unsuccessful language learning.
Music teaching in regular class and extracurricular music activities in Croatia: State and perspectives
Authors: Vidulin Sabina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the last 30 years Croatia has been involved in an intensive period of educational reforms. Music teaching, as a compulsory subject, underwent some positive and negative changes. The so-called open model and contents remake bring the possibility for teachers to be more creative and for students to be involved to a greater extent, but unfortunately, music lessons come to just 1 h per week. As a part of the Croatian school system, the extracurricular music activities are implemented in the school curriculum which affects the acquisition of new knowledge developing students’ musical skills. This paper aims to present the today’s situation of attending music classes in regular and extracurricular lessons in Croatia. Moreover, it discusses the international research project Schools@Concerts: Tuning up for the Music Experience which influences the idea how to carry out another kind of extracurricular musical activity which suits the worldwide environment. The intention is to familiarize students with (classical) music during the work in the extracurricular activity and by visiting to a concert. The author presents her own idea how to realize the extracurricular music activity Listening to Music with Concert Experience carried out by a cognitive – emotional approach to listening to music which contributes to the students’ music appreciation and preservation, transfer, renewal and dissemination of cultural heritage.
A place too crowded to study: The impact of student cohort growth on the probability of university dropout
Authors: Diem Andrea , Wolter Stefan C. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
This study examines the influence of major fluctuations in the number of students enrolling at university on the probability of dropout or a switch to a different course of study. Findings from the US show that a pronounced increase in student numbers leads to more dropouts.

Materials and methods:
This article provides an analysis of this relationship for the first time outside the US and for an entire university system. We use administrative data for all the students who started studying at Swiss universities between 1980 and 2001.

Results:
The results suggest a significant relationship between positive cohort growth and the probability of dropout. A reduction in student numbers, on the other hand, does not increase the probability of persistence.

Discussion:
Despite the negative influence of a big cohort on the probability of persistence, no statistically significant relationship exists, by contrast, between the change in student numbers and the probability of a student switching to a different course of study.
Impact of the “Chalk” on perceived visual quality and the willingness to climb: a research on sports climbing
Authors: Çetinkaya Güney , Güngör Abdullah , Aras Dicle 
Published: August 2020

Background and Study Aim: Rock climbing is a popular outdoor recreation and tourism activity practiced in natural areas. Rock climbing, like all of the other outdoor activities, has a variety of impacts on nature and visitors. Understanding these impacts is important for ensuring the sustainability of natural environments and activities practiced in these areas. The goal of this study was to analyze the impacts of chalk density on the rock surface, on the perceived visual quality and the willingness of participants to climb.
Material and Methods: The visual research method was used in the study to analyze the perceived visual quality of climbers. Photographing technique, one of the visual research methods, was utilized in the study to determine the perceived visual quality of climbers. Eleven photographs, prepared for this purpose, were presented to 213 voluntary participants and the obtained results were evaluated.
Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance test results indicate that the chalk level increase specifically designed and presented in the photographs statistically changed the perceived visual quality of participants. Impacts of the variables of gender, climbing experience, climbing level and chalk density level on perceived visual quality are compared with the ANOVA test. The results indicate that within-group variance in terms of the climbing level is statistically significant.
Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the increase in chalk use density on rock surfaces has a negative impact on the perceived visual quality and willingness of participants to climb.