bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation for work-related lung disease in the USA
Authors: Blackley David J , Halldin Cara N , Hayanga J W Awori , Laney A Scott 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesWork-related lung diseases (WRLDs) are entirely preventable. To assess the impact of WRLDs on the US transplant system, we identified adult lung transplant recipients with a WRLD diagnosis specified at the time of transplant to describe demographic, payer and clinical characteristics of these patients and to assess post-transplant survival.MethodsUsing US registry data from 1991 to 2018, we identified lung transplant recipients with WRLDs including coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis, metal pneumoconiosis and berylliosis.ResultsThe frequency of WRLD-associated transplants has increased over time. Among 230 lung transplants for WRLD, a majority were performed since 2009; 79 were for coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and 78 were for silicosis. Patients with coal workers’ pneumoconiosis were predominantly from West Virginia (n=31), Kentucky (n=23) or Virginia (n=10). States with the highest number of patients with silicosis transplant were Pennsylvania (n=12) and West Virginia (n=8). Patients with metal pneumoconiosis and asbestosis had the lowest and highest mean age at transplant (48.8 and 62.1 years). Median post-transplant survival was 8.2 years for patients with asbestosis, 6.6 years for coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and 7.8 years for silicosis. Risk of death among patients with silicosis, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and asbestosis did not differ when compared with patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.ConclusionsLung transplants for WRLDs are increasingly common, indicating a need for primary prevention and surveillance in high-risk occupations. Collection of patient occupational history by the registry could enhance case identification and inform prevention strategies.
Prevalence and determinants of genitalChlamydia trachomatisamong school-going, sexually experienced adolescents in urban and rural Indigenous regions of Panama
Authors: Gabster Amanda , Mayaud Philippe , Ortiz Alma , Castillo Jorge , Castillero Omar , Martínez Alexander , López Anyelini , Aizprúa Betsy , Pitano Sherly , Murillo Anet , Pascale Juan Miguel 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and risk factors of genitalChlamydia trachomatis(CT) among school-going sexually experienced male and female adolescents in Panama.MethodsWe conducted two multisite cross-sectional studies using two-stage cluster sampling to select adolescents aged 14–19 years attending urban public high schools (URB) in Panama City, San Miguelito, Colón and Panama Oeste from 2015 to 2018, and in the rural Indigenous Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé (CNB) from July–November 2018. CT testing was performed by real-time PCR on urine samples. Random-effects logistic regression accounting for sample clustering was used to identify risk factors.ResultsWe enrolled 3166 participants (54.3% females), median age 17 years (IQR: 15.9–18.1), with no difference by sex. Sexual experience was reported by 1954 (61.7%) participants. Combined CT prevalence was 15.8% (95% CI: 14.2 to 17.4), with no significant differences by region (URB=16.5%, 95% CI: 14.7% to 18.6%; CNB=13.6%, 95% CI: 10.9% to 16.8%; p=0.12). In an age-and-region-adjusted analysis, CT prevalence was higher among female participants compared with males (21.6% vs 9.1%, adjusted OR (AOR)=2.87, 95% CI: 1.62 to 5.10). Among sexually experienced females, CT prevalence was higher among those who reported ≥3 lifetime sex partners compared with one partner (33.5% vs 15.3%, AOR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.09 to 4.07); and among those reporting at least one pregnancy compared with nulligravidae participants (30.9% vs 13.8%, AOR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.05 to 3.43). In unadjusted analyses among males, CT was associated with older age (11.5% among those aged 18–19 years vs 3.4% among those aged 14–15 years, OR=3.69, 95% CI: 1.10 to 12.33).ConclusionsWe report high CT prevalence among sexually experienced, school-going adolescents in Panama. Female adolescents, particularly those with multiple sex partners and a history of pregnancy, were at highest risk. Adolescent-targeted CT screening should be implemented in Panama. Additionally, evidence-based comprehensive sexuality education will be imperative.
Dealing with T and CPT violations in mixing as well as direct and indirect CP violations for neutral mesons decaying to two vectors
Authors: Karan Anirban 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA large number of observables can be constructed from differential decay rate based on the polarization of final state while considering decay of a neutral meson $$(P^{0} \text { or } {\bar{P}}^{0})$$(P0orP¯0) to two vector particles. But all of these observables are not independent to each other since there are only a few independent theoretical parameters controlling the whole dynamics and therefore various relations among observables emerge. In this paper, we have studied the behaviour of observables for neutral meson decaying to two vectors in presence of $$T$$T and $$C\!P T$$CPT violations in mixing accompanied by both direct and indirect $$C\!P$$CP violations. We have expressed all of the fourteen unknown theoretical parameters for this scenario in terms observables only and constructed the complete set of thirty four relations among observables whose violation would signify the existence of some new Physics involving direct violation of $$C\!P T$$CPT. In addition, using this formalism we have studied three special cases too: (a) SM scenario, (b) SM plus direct $$C\!P$$CP violation (c) SM plus $$T$$T and $$C\!P T$$CPT violation in mixing.
Can shadows reflect phase structures of black holes?
Authors: Zhang Ming , Guo Minyong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe relation between the black hole shadow and the black hole thermodynamics is investigated. We find that the phase structure can be reflected by the shadow radius for the spherically symmetric black hole. We also find that the shadow size gives correct information but the distortion of the shadow gives wrong information of the phase structure for the axially symmetric black hole.
Microstructure and shear behavior of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joint enhanced by SnAgCuBiNi bump
Authors: Liu Yang , Chang Jian , Zhou Min , Xue Yuxiong , Zeng Xianghua , Sun Fenglian 
Published: August 2020

In order to improve the mechanical behavior of the low-temperature [Formula: see text] (SnBi) lead-free solder joint, the [Formula: see text] (SACBN) solder ball with the diameter of 400 [Formula: see text]m was pre-soldered on Cu to obtain the SnBi/SACBN/Cu composite joint. The microstructure and shear behavior of the solder joints were investigated. Experimental results indicate that SnBi solder is well bonded on the SACBN bump due to the elemental diffusion and dissolution between the molten SnBi and solid SACBN bump during the soldering process. The addition of the SACBN bump shows a significant effect on the formation and growth of the [Formula: see text]-Sn grains in the SnBi bulk. Compared with the SnBi/Cu joint, the SnBi bulk in the composite joint shows enlarged [Formula: see text]-Sn dendritic grains. Meanwhile, the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layer transforms from Cu6Sn5 into (Cu, Ni)6Sn5. Among these three solder joints, the shear strength of the SACBN/Cu joint is the highest, reaching 86.7 MPa. The shear strength of the SnBi/Cu solder joint is enhanced by the SACBN bump from 68.2 MPa to 75.2 MPa. Additionally, the addition of the SACBN bump shows a positive effect on suppressing the brittleness of the SnBi/Cu solder joint.
Shaping Waves of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Inhibition During Vascular Growth
Authors: Guihard Pierre J. , Guo Yina , Wu Xiuju , Zhang Lily , Yao Jiayi , Jumabay Medet , Yao Yucheng , Garfinkel Alan , Boström Kristina I. 
Published: August 2020

Rationale:
The BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) are essential morphogens in angiogenesis and vascular development. Disruption of BMP signaling can trigger cardiovascular diseases, such as arteriovenous malformations.

Objective:
A computational model predicted that BMP4 and BMP9 and their inhibitors MGP (matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid [Gla] protein) and CV2 (crossveinless-2) would form a regulatory system consisting of negative feedback loops with time delays and that BMP9 would trigger oscillatory expression of the 2 inhibitors. The goal was to investigate this regulatory system in endothelial differentiation and vascular growth.

Methods and Results:
Oscillations in the expression of MGP and CV2 were detected in endothelial cells in vitro, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. These organized temporally downstream BMP-related activities, including expression of stalk-cell markers and cell proliferation, consistent with an integral role of BMP9 in vessel maturation. In vivo, the inhibitors were located in distinct zones in relation to the front of the expanding retinal network, as determined by immunofluorescence. Time-dependent changes of the CV2 location in the retina and the existence of an endothelial population with signs of oscillatory MGP expression in developing vasculature supported the in vitro findings. Loss of MGP or its BMP4-binding capacity disrupted the retinal vasculature, resulting in poorly formed networks, especially in the venous drainage areas, and arteriovenous malformations as determined by increased cell coverage and functional testing.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest a previously unknown mechanism of temporal orchestration of BMP4 and BMP9 activities that utilize the tandem actions of the extracellular antagonists MGP and CV2. Disruption of this mechanism may contribute to vascular malformations and disease.
Deletion of Microfibrillar‐Associated Protein 4 Attenuates Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in Heart Failure
Authors: Wang Hui-bo , Yang Jian , Shuai Wei , Yang Jun , Liu Li-bo , Xu Man , Tang Qi-zhu 
Published: August 2020

Background
Cardiac remodeling predisposes individuals to heart failure if the burden is not solved, and heart failure is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The cardiac extracellular matrix not only provides structural support, but also is a core aspect of the myocardial response to various biomechanical stresses and heart failure. MFAP4 (microfibrillar‐associated protein 4) is an integrin ligand located in the extracellular matrix, whose biological functions in the heart remain poorly understood. In the current study we aimed to test the role of MFAP4 in cardiac remodeling.

Methods and Results

MFAP4‐deficient (MFAP4
−/−
) and wild‐type mice were subjected to aortic banding surgery and isoproterenol to establish models of cardiac remodeling. We also evaluated the functional effects of MFAP4 on cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac electrical remodeling. The expression of MFAP4 was increased in the animal cardiac remodeling models induced by pressure overload and isoproterenol. After challenge of 8 weeks of aortic banding or 2 weeks of intraperitoneal isoproterenol, MFAP4
−/−
mice exhibited lower levels of cardiac fibrosis and fewer ventricular arrhythmias than wild‐type mice. However, there was no significant effect on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In addition, there was no significant difference in cardiac fibrosis severity, hypertrophy, or ventricular arrhythmia incidence between wild‐type‐sham and knockout‐sham mice.

Conclusions
These findings are the first to demonstrate that MFAP4 deficiency inhibits cardiac fibrosis and ventricular arrhythmias after challenge with 8 weeks of aortic banding or 2 weeks of intraperitoneal isoproterenol but does not significantly affect the hypertrophy response. In addition, MFAP4 deficiency had no significant effect on cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, or ventricular arrhythmia in the sham group in this study.
Osteoprotegerin Prevents Intracranial Aneurysm Progression by Promoting Collagen Biosynthesis and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Miyata Takeshi , Minami Manabu , Kataoka Hiroharu , Hayashi Kosuke , Ikedo Taichi , Yang Tao , Yamamoto Yu , Yokode Masayuki , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: August 2020

Background
Decreased extracellular matrix formation and few vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in cerebral vascular walls are the main characteristics of intracranial aneurysm (IA) pathogenesis. Recently, osteoprotegerin was reported to activate collagen biosynthesis and VSMC proliferation via the TGF‐β1 (transforming growth factor‐β1) signaling. This study aimed to investigate whether osteoprotegerin can prevent IA progression in rats through enhanced collagen expression and VSMC proliferation.

Methods and Results

IAs were surgically induced in 7‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats; at 1‐week post‐operation, recombinant mouse osteoprotegerin or vehicle control was continuously infused for 4 weeks into the lateral ventricle using an osmotic pump. In the osteoprotegerin‐treatment group, the aneurysmal size was significantly smaller (37.5 μm versus 60.0 μm;
P
<0.01) and the media of IA walls was thicker (57.1% versus 36.0%;
P
<0.01) than in the vehicle‐control group. Type‐I and type‐III collagen, TGF‐β1, phosphorylated Smad2/3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were significantly upregulated in the IA walls of the osteoprotegerin group than that in the control group. No significant difference was found in the expression of proinflammatory genes between the groups. In mouse VSMC cultures, osteoprotegerin treatment upregulated the expression of collagen and TGF‐β1 genes, and activated VSMC proliferation; the inhibition of TGF‐β1 signaling nullified this effect.

Conclusions
Osteoprotegerin suppressed the IA progression by a unique mechanism whereby collagen biosynthesis and VSMC proliferation were activated via TGF‐β1 without altering proinflammatory gene expression. Osteoprotegerin may represent a novel therapeutic target for IAs.
Clinical Implications of Physical Function and Resilience in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Goel Kashish , O’Leary Jared M. , Barker Colin M. , Levack Melissa , Rajagopal Vivek , Makkar Raj R. , Bajwa Tanvir , Kleiman Neal , Linke Axel , Kereiakes Dean J. , Waksman Ron , Allocco Dominic J. , Rizik David G. , Reardon Michael J. , Lindman Brian R. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Gait speed is a reliable measure of physical function and frailty in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Slow gait speed pre‐TAVR predicts worse clinical outcomes post‐TAVR. The consequences of improved versus worsened physical function post‐TAVR are unknown.

Methods and Results

The REPRISE III (Repositionable Percutaneous Replacement of Stenotic Aortic Valve Through Implantation of Lotus Valve System–Randomized Clinical Evaluation) trial randomized high/extreme risk patients to receive a mechanically‐expanded or self‐expanding transcatheter heart valve. Of 874 patients who underwent TAVR, 576 with complete data at baseline and 1 year were included in this analysis. Slow gait speed in the 5‐m walk test was defined as <0.83 m/s. A clinically meaningful improvement (≥0.1 m/s) in gait speed 1 year after TAVR occurred in 39% of patients, 35% exhibited no change, and 26% declined (≥0.1 m/s). Among groups defined by baseline/1‐year post‐TAVR gait speeds, 1‐ to 2‐year mortality or hospitalization rates were as follows: 6.6% (normal/normal), 8.0% (slow/normal), 20.9% (normal/slow), and 21.5% (slow/slow). After adjustment, slow gait speed at 1 year (regardless of baseline speed) was associated with a 3.5‐fold increase in death/hospitalization between 1 and 2 years compared with those with normal baseline/1‐year gait speed. Patients whose slow gait speed normalized at 1 year had no increased risk. One‐year, but not baseline, gait speed was associated with death or hospitalization between 1 and 2 years (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.83 per 0.1 m/s faster gait; 95% CI, 0.74–0.93,
P
=0.001).

Conclusions
Marked heterogeneity exists in the trajectory of physical function after TAVR and this, more than baseline function, has clinical consequences. Identifying and optimizing factors associated with physical resilience after TAVR may improve outcomes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02202434.
Grammars of Classical Arabic in Judaeo-Arabic
Authors: Vidro Nadia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article presents an overview of medieval Classical Arabic grammars written in Judaeo-Arabic that are preserved in the Cairo Genizah and the Firkovich Collections. Unlike Jewish grammarians’ application of the Arabic theoretical model to describing Biblical Hebrew, Arabic grammars transliterated into Hebrew characters bear clear evidence of Jewish engagement with the Arabic grammatical tradition for its own sake. In addition, such manuscripts furnish new material on the history of the Arabic grammatical tradition by preserving otherwise unknown texts. The article discusses individual grammars of Classical Arabic in Judaeo-Arabic and tries to answer more general questions on this little known area of Jewish intellectual activity. An analysis of the corpus suggests that Jews who copied and used these texts were less interested in the intricacies of abstract theory than in attaining a solid knowledge of Classical Arabic. Court scribes appear to have been among those interested in the study of Classical Arabic grammar.
Meanderings in the Arabic Literary Genizot
Authors: Zinger Oded 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Cairo genizot (plural of Geniza) provide not only new Arabic literary texts but also new contexts. This study explores different kinds of context by presenting several examples of Arabic literary material found mostly in the Ben Ezra Geniza (BEG). The examples include three tales that also appear in the Arabian Nights literature, a Judeo-Arabic fragment of a Šīʿī kitāb al-ğafr, a Muslim historical work dealing with Muḥammad’s letters to foreign rulers, a playful romantic polemical exchange between a Jewish man and a Christian woman and more. Thinking about different kinds of context is one of the ways to reconnect the study of the documentary and the literary genizot.
Intravenous Versus Oral Acetaminophen in Outpatient Cystoscopy Procedures: Retrospective Comparison of Postoperative Opioid Requirements and Analgesia Scores
Authors: Kor Todd M. , Naranjo Julian , Deljou Atousa , Evans Kimberly D. , Schroeder Darrell , Sprung Juraj , Weingarten Toby N. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose To assess if the choice of acetaminophen formulation (intravenous vs oral) when administered preoperatively for ambulatory cystoscopy procedures is associated with differences in anesthetic outcomes. Methods Medical records of adult patients undergoing ambulatory cystoscopy procedures at an outpatient procedural center from July 1, 2014, through November 30, 2017, were abstracted. The association between anesthetic outcomes (severe pain, rescue opioids, postoperative nausea, and vomiting) and acetaminophen formulation was assessed. Propensity-adjusted analyses were performed using inverse probability of treatment weighting to account for potential confounders. Results During the study time frame, there were 611 intravenous and 2955 oral acetaminophen administrations for cystoscopy procedures. Postoperative bladder spasms were a major contributor to severe pain and complicated 1036 cases, with similar rates between intravenous (N = 183, 29.9%) and oral (N = 853, 28.9%) formulations, P = .625. After adjusting for bladder spasms, intravenous acetaminophen was associated with longer anesthesia recovery (estimate 5.2 [95% CI 0.5-9.9] minutes, P = .030), use of rescue opioids (odds ratio 1.33 [1.07-1.66], P = .012), and postoperative nausea and vomiting (1.40 [1.02-1.93], P = .037), but not severe pain (1.07 [0.81-1.40], P = .640). Conclusion Preoperative intravenous acetaminophen compared to oral acetaminophen for ambulatory cystoscopy procedures was not associated with better anesthetic outcomes. Bladder spasms were a major contributor to postoperative pain.
Differentiation of soft-tissue lymphoma from undifferentiated sarcoma: apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis
Authors: Hong Ji Hyun , Jee Won-Hee , Whang Sunyoung , Jung Chan-Kwon , Chung Yang-Guk , Cho Seok-Goo 
Published: August 2020

Background Making the preoperative diagnosis of soft-tissue lymphoma is important because the treatments for lymphoma and sarcoma are different. Purpose To determine the reliability and accuracy of single-slice and whole-tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis when differentiating soft-tissue lymphoma from undifferentiated sarcoma. Material and Methods Patients with confirmed soft-tissue lymphoma or undifferentiated sarcoma who underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging, were included. Single-slice and whole-tumor ADC histogram analyses were performed using software. Mean, standard deviation (SD), 5th and 95th percentiles, skewness, and kurtosis were compared between groups, and a receiver operating characteristic curve with area under the curve (AUC) was obtained. Results Thirteen patients with soft-tissue lymphoma and 12 patients with undifferentiated sarcoma were included. ADC histogram analysis of single-slice and whole-tumor, mean, SD, and 5th and 95th percentiles was significantly lower in lymphoma than in undifferentiated sarcoma. Whole-tumor analysis kurtosis was significantly higher in lymphoma than in undifferentiated sarcoma. All AUCs were high in single-slice and whole-tumor analysis: 0.987 vs. 1.000 in mean; 0.821 vs. 0.782 in SD; 0.949 vs. 0.949 in 5th percentile; and 1.000 vs. 1.000 in 95th percentile without significant difference. AUC of kurtosis in whole-tumor ADC histogram analysis was 0.750. Conclusion Single-slice and whole-tumor ADC histogram analysis seems to be reliable and accurate for differentiating soft-tissue lymphoma from undifferentiated sarcoma.
Parental Experiences Caring for Their Hospitalized Medically Fragile Infants: A Description of Grief, Stress, and Coping
Authors: MacKay Lyndsay , Benzies Karen , Barnard Chantelle , Raffin Bouchal Shelley 
Published: August 2020

Background Advances in care have increased survival and improved outcomes of infants with complex and chronic diseases. These medically fragile infants require long-term hospitalization and depend on technology for survival. Parents of these infants experience stress and difficulties adapting to their parental role. Purpose To present an account of parental experiences as they provided care for their hospitalized medically fragile infant. Methods This study was part of a larger constructivist grounded theory study to provide a holistic understanding of the processes of care for medically fragile infants. For this sub-study, 21 parents of hospitalized medically fragile infants were recruited from a pediatric hospital in Western Canada. Parents participated in face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed using initial and focused coding. Results Parents of hospitalized medically fragile infants grieved the loss of parenting a healthy infant, and they experienced multiple stressors. Parents utilized various coping strategies to manage their grief and stressors. Some parents were unable to cope, which exacted a heavy toll on their physical and mental health. Parents recommended psychological support, access to physical activity, primary nursing, and health system navigators. Conclusions Parental recommendations can inform the design of interventions for parents of hospitalized medically fragile infants.