bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of diet composition and multiplicity on weight, body fat and HOMA-IR in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Authors: Samoilenko Nataliia , Khorunzha Vira , Bezugla Olga , Deineko Karina , Lisevych Marta , Bielokoz Ganna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionMany studies have shown relationships between timing of food intake and insulin sensitivity. In addition to this, composition of food could be an important contributor to disruptions of the normal metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of diet composition and multiplicity on weight, body fat and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).Materials and MethodsWe tested 56 patients with MS (25 men and 31 women) who were 19 to 61 years of age. Patients were on 3-fold meal (food intake was at 8–9 a.m., 1–2 p.m. and 6–7 p.m.) with very low-carbohydrate (LC) breakfast and supper, lunch consisted of proteines (P), LC, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and non-starchy vegetables(V); there were no snacks during a day; diet intervension lasted 6 weeks. No drugs were used during this period. Body composition analysis was performed by bioimpedance analyzer (Omron BF511, Japan). Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to index IR. Self-reported diet records were used to assess dietary intake. Statistical analysis was based on using pair t-test with assessment of the dynamics of clinical indicators with 95% CI and calculation of the standardized effect size based on mean comparison (Cohen's d).Results46 patients (82,1%) completed the trial, physical activity didn't change substantially during this period. After 6-weeks BMI had reduced from 30,95 ± 5,31 kg/m2 to 29,14 ± 5,13 kg/m2 (treatment effect −1,81; 95%CI −2,25 to −1,37, p < 0,001). Mean body fat was 39,4 ± 7,87% at baseline, and 36,08 ± 8,72% after 6 weeks of diet, treatment effect −3,32; 95%CI −4,34 to −2,29, p < 0,001 - treatment effect was mostly observed among men (-4,9) than in women (-2,4). The most significant changes were observed in HOMA-IR score - it decreased from 4,03 ± 2,21 to 2,28 ± 1,37, treatment effect −1,74; 95%CI −2,29 to −1,21, p < 0,001 - treatment effect was also mostly observed among men (-2,46) than in women (-1,25).DiscussionOur findings demonstrate that this diet associated with statistically different changes in BMI, body fat and HOMA-IR. Individuals with obesity, particularly men, turned to group of overweight (BMI < 30kg/m2). Maximum effet size was in HOMA-IR changes - in 35 patients (76,1%) there were no insulin resistance markers after 6 week of diet intervention. So, 3-fold meal with very LC breakfast and supper, mixed lunch (LC + P + PUFAs + V), without any snacks could be good addition or even alternative to pharmacological treatment of MS.
Vitamin D status and quality of life in people with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Williams Claire , Williams Elizabeth , Corde Bernard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and debilitating functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with serious and detrimental impacts on quality of life. Its aetiology is largely unknown, and the identification of effective management strategies remains far from complete. Research suggests that people with IBS have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which may impact on symptom severity and quality of life.A double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-arm, parallel-design study is underway to investigate the effect of a 12 week, 3,000IU vitamin D p.d. supplementation on symptom severity and quality of life in participants with a clinical diagnosis of IBS. This report assesses whether relationships exist between vitamin D status, IBS severity and quality of life in the baseline (cross-sectional) data.Eighty males and females with a clinical diagnosis of IBS were recruited in phase I of the trial in January-April 2018. Mixed-type IBS and constipation-predominant IBS were the more frequent subtypes (36% and 33%), while diarrhoea-predominant had a lower prevalence (23%). More females (n = 65) than males (n = 15) were recruited to the study which reflects the reported greater prevalence of IBS in women. Baseline serum 25(OH)D levels in participants were classified as deficient 23.1% (n = 18) (< 30nmol/L), insufficient 37.2% (n = 29) (31–49 nmol/L) and sufficient 39.7% (n = 31) (> 50 nmol/L) respectively. The sample median for serum vitamin D at baseline was 42.2 (± 28.3) nmol/L. Quality of Life was significantly associated with two IBS sub-symptoms: pain (p = 0.037, r = 0.233) and distension severity (p = 0.009, r = 0.291). Neither Quality of Life, nor IBS symptom severity score, correlated with vitamin D status in the sample.This study found no relationship between baseline vitamin D status and symptom severity or quality of life in this subsample. Two publications report vitamin D intervention improves quality of life in participants with IBS. It is possible that the unusual homogeneity of these studies enabled identification of these relationships.These initial observations agree with previous reports of widespread vitamin D insufficiency in people with IBS. Analysis of full trial outcomes (July 2019) will determine whether vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for either symptoms severity or quality of life in people with IBS.
A systematic review of probiotic use to improve metabolic health in women
Authors: Byrne David F. , Geraghty Aisling A. , Killeen Sarah Louise , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere is a substantial body of literature on the use of probiotics in humans. Mostly, this literature examines the use of specific probiotics for treating various acute and chronic health conditions and diseases, (gastrointestinal conditions, respiratory illnesses, metabolic disorders, and atopic diseases) in both adults and children. The sex of the populations in these studies tends to be mixed, while studies that focus on female participants are largely restricted to pregnant populations. It is well established that pre-pregnancy is an important time-point over the life-course, where improvements to the health of the woman may also benefit potential future pregnancies. Furthermore, the route of delivering the probiotic intervention may differ across studies. These modes of delivery include capsules, powdered sachets, yoghurt foods, and fermented milk drinks. There is uncertainty as to the confounding effect of this variability. The objective of this review is to identify the evidence for the effects of probiotic interventions, administered as capsules, on metabolic and immune markers in healthy women of reproductive age.Materials and MethodsThe data sources selected were PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science. A grey literature search using controlled vocabulary was performed. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the Cochrane risk of bias tool was used. Publications were considered for inclusion if they were in English and reported the results of a randomised-controlled trial.ResultsFour papers were identified with review relevant outcomes. The reported findings from the included studies did not provide conclusive evidence for the effect of probiotic capsule supplementation in healthy, non-pregnant women.DiscussionSources of variability are multifaceted in this area. Functional differences occur at the strain level, lowering the specificity of the effects of various bacterial strains across different studies. These factors may reduce the external validity of results across such studies. It is imperative that an evidence base be established in this cohort. This can be achieved with prospectively registered, randomised-controlled trials of sufficient sample size and statistical power.
The effect of a low carbohydrate high fat diet on apolipoproteins and cardiovascular risk
Authors: McCullough Deaglan , Harrison Tanja , Lane Katie , Boddy Lynne , Amirabdollahian Farzad , Schmidt Michael , Enright Kevin , Stewart Claire , Davies Ian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractApolipoproteins (apo) regulate lipoprotein characteristics and lipid metabolism. ApoC-III is a regulator of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism and apolipoproteins are important biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction. A low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diet improves cardiometabolic risk, especially via reduction of TRL. However, few studies have compared a LCHF vs. a high carbohydrate (HC), lower fat diet under ad libitum conditions on apoC-III levels. The objectives of this investigation were to measure the effect of a LCHF vs. a HC diet on apoC-III, apoA1, apoB and apoB/apoA1 in 16 healthy Caucasian adults aged 19–64. Ethical approval: Liverpool John Moores University Research Ethics Committee (16/ELS/029); registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Ref. NCT03257085). Participants randomly assigned to a HC diet (UK Eatwell guidelines; ≥ 50% of energy from carbohydrates) (n = 8), or a LCHF diet (consume < 50 g/day of carbohydrates) (n = 8) provided plasma samples at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. ApoA1 and apoB were analysed by an automated chemistry analyser (Daytona, Randox Laboratories Ltd, UK). ApoC-III was analysed via ELISA (Thermo Fisher Ltd, USA). Factorial 2×3 ANOVA and ANCOVA (IBM SPSS 25®) were undertaken to investigate significant differences and to control for variables influenced by baseline measures and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Results show 0, 4, and 8 weeks respectively: ApoC-III (LCHF: 19.12 ± 9.14, 16.05 ± 7.95, 15.11 ± 3.17 mg/dl; HC: 22.13 ± 8.38, 28.22 ± 13.85, 22.22 ± 7.7 mg/dl) showed no significant (P = 0.319) change. No significant (P = 0.23) change was also observed in ApoB (LCHF: 107.25 ± 20.35, 111.38 ± 24.81, 111.43 ± 19.93 mg/dl; HC: 94.38 ± 20.79, 105.00 ± 20.13, 99.00 ± 29.09 mg/dl). Similarly apoA1 (LCHF: 158.71 ± 14.27, 166.50 ± 23.09, 173.00 ± 29.42 mg/dl; HC: 164.71 ± 30.25, 172.50 ± 29.44, 174.00 ± 32.83 mg/dl) showed no significant change (P = 0.76). This resulted in a relatively unchanged apoB/A1 throughout the study in both diets (P = 0.30). No significant (P > 0.05) differences were found after 4 weeks or between groups also. ANCOVA revealed a trend (P = 0.06) in apoC-III for a difference between groups (LCHF: Δ-6.6 mg/dl vs. HC: Δ1.2 mg/dl) after 8 weeks but no significant (P > 0.05) changes in other apolipoproteins were detected. These preliminary data reveal that a LCHF diet does not improve the apolipoprotein profile; however, when accounting for other metabolic risk factors (i.e. VAT) there was a trend towards lowering apoC-III levels (P = 0.06). Modulation of apoC-III may lead to improved lipid metabolism, but higher-powered studies are warranted before any improvement on CVD risk can be inferred.
Body composition of New Zealand European and Pacific women is associated with lower dietary fibre intake and gut microbiota diversity
Authors: Renall Nikki , Merz Benedikt , Lawley Blair , Tannock Gerald W. , Corbin Marine , Douwes Jeroen , Kruger Rozanne , Breier Bernhard H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiet is considered one of the key drivers of the world-wide obesity epidemic, and the gut microbiota may play a role in this multifaceted disease due to their mutualistic relationship. This study investigated relationships between habitual dietary intake of New Zealand European and Pacific women and their gut microbiota and body fat content. Pacific (44%) and NZ European (NZE; 56%) women (n = 287) aged 18–45 years were recruited based on body mass index (normal versus obese) and stratified as low (< 35%) or high (≥ 35%) body fat percentage (BF%). Dietary intake was assessed with a 5-day estimated food record and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, which were used to calculate habitual dietary intake using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method. BF% was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fasting blood samples were analysed for markers of insulin sensitivity. The DNA from faecal samples was analysed following shotgun sequencing. There were no significant differences in BF% between Pacific and NZE women (p = 0.498). Significant differences in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were observed between Pacific (3.4 [2.3, 5.9]) and NZE (2.1 [1.5, 3.1], p ≤ 0.001) women, and between; low-BF% (1.9 [1.3, 2.7]) and high-BF% (3.4 [2.5, 5.9], p ≤ 0.001) groups. The highest (27.6g/d [24.9, 30.6]) compared to the lowest tertile (16g/d [13.3, 17.6]) of habitual total dietary fibre (DF) intake was associated with a significantly lower HOMA-IR (2.1 [1.3, 3.1] versus 3.3 [2.1, 5.3] p ≤ 0.001) respectively. Higher DF intake was also associated with significantly lower BF% (β -0.35, p ≤ 0.001), and this relationship became stronger when considering the intake of other macronutrients (β -0.47, p ≤ 0.001). Alpha diversity; observed taxonomic units (OTU's; rs = -0.15, p = 0.011), Pielou's evenness (rs = -0.20, p = 0.001), and Shannon index (rs = -0.22, p ≤ 0.001), were all negatively correlated with BF%. In contrast BF% was positively correlated with the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio (rs = 0.26, p ≤ 0.001). HOMA-IR index was significantly higher in Pacific and women in the higher BF% group, indicating an increased metabolic disease risk. Higher habitual DF intake was associated with lower BF% and HOMA-IR, suggesting a potential metabolically protective effect. The positive effects of higher DF intake may be associated with microbiota diversity, as higher BF% was associated with reduced alpha diversity and an increased Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. Further analysis will explore which foods contributed to the higher DF intake, and associations with body composition, microbiota and biomarkers of metabolic health.
Fatty acid composition in the wild boars muscles from different regions of Poland
Authors: Pietrzak-Fiecko Renata , Modzelewska-Kapitula Monika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMeat and meat products are one of the most relevant food groups in the human diet due to high content of protein. Meat from wild animals is considered a delicacy and commands a high price compared to other sorts of meat. Due to the characteristic sensory properties (taste), lower fat and cholesterol contents and higher share of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) a growing interest of this meat is noted(1,2).The aim of the study was to compare fatty acid profile in wild boars muscles depending on the feeding grounds.The research material consisted of 37 samples of wild boars (Sus scrofa) muscles from three different regions in Poland: Warmia and Mazury, Podlasie and Silesia. The fat was extracted from the muscle samples by the Folch method. The fatty acid (FA) composition was determined after the acids were trans-methylated according to the Peisker method. Chromatographic separation was performed using an Agilent Technologies 7890A gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector (FID).The average share of sum of saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA) in wild boars fat from Warmia and Mazury, Podlasie and Silesia regions were 41.5%, 39.6% and 38.8%, respectively. In wild boars fat from Silesia the highest share of sum of monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA) was found (46.9%), while in wild boars fat from Warmia and Mazury, Podlasie it accounted for: 44.4% and 39.9%, respectively. A similar share of ΣPUFA (approx. 14%) was determined in wild boars fat from Warmia and Mazury, and Silesia region, whereas in those from Podlasie region ΣPUFA accounted for approx. 12%.Meat fat from wild boars is a valuable source of fatty acids with a beneficial impact on human health. However, the fatty acids profile depends of the region, which indicated the predominant influence of the animal's feed on FA composition of meat fat.
Project for the prevention of caries in the developmental age: Experience in kindergartens of Northern Italy
Authors: Orlando Antonina , Brioschi Stefano , Macca' Luca , Gennaro Francesca , Cassera Alice , Panzeri Maria Cristina , Palestini Paola , Cazzaniga Emanuela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Caries is one of the most widespread chronic diseases in the world and in Italy, only 78.4% of the 4 years children are caries free. Caries is defined as an infectious multifactorial pathology and between the etiological factors that contribute to its developing we find excessive sugar consumption. Correct behaviours adopted since the pediatric age will allow the child to learn how to improve their lifestyle, thus protecting health. Parents must therefore be properly educated to transmit healthy habits to their children from the early years. The main goal of our project is the prevention of caries in the developmental age by means of educational interventions on parents of children in the kindergarten (0–3 years). The study assesses the oral hygiene and food habits of the child and caregiver at baseline and after 3 months from the interventions (follow-up).Materials and Methods: We have used a questionnaire to collect the oral hygiene and food habits of parents and children. Next, dental hygienists and nutritionists organized training sessions for parents about correct oral hygiene and eating habits (in particular to reduce the sugar consumption). After 3 months from the training, the same questionnaires reconfirmed to evaluate the improvement of family habits.Results: The number of participants was reduce from 99 to 68 at the follow-up. With regards to eating habits, after training, almost the whole of the sample began to practice breakfast, indicating that the actual importance of this meal was understood. The habit of morning and afternoon snack, essential for a growing child, has increased (from 84% at baseline to 94% at follow-up and from 92% to 97% respectively). The bad habit of the after dinner snack, often even after teeth brushing, has decreased consistently (32% to 22%).The most significant advances in oral hygiene are those concerning tooth washing (86% to 97%), the average daily washing (1.27/die to 1.57/die), self-washing (33% to 30%), the use of toothpaste (85% to 90%) and fluoridated toothpaste (48% to 62%).Discussion: Starting from the data obtained from our pilot study, we think that it is essential to intervene already in the first years of life, when the subject is still “plastic” and can be trained to perform correct eating habits and oral hygiene. Furthermore, reducing the consumption of foods rich in sugar does not have a positive effect only on the onset of caries but also on the health of the individual.
Oranges as fruit and as juice
Authors: Stos Katarzyna , Przygoda Beata , Jarosz Miroslaw , Matczuk Ewa , Groele Barbara , Skapska Sylwia , Markowski Jaroslaw 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVegetables and fruits should form the basis of everyday diet. In some countries one of five recommended daily portions of vegetables and fruit can be a glass (200 ml) of juice. The aim of the study was to analyse the composition of orange juice from concentrate and compare it with the content of selected nutrients in oranges.The study material were orange juices from concentrate, commercially available in Poland. The study was carried out in 2010–2018 at the Agriculture and Food Industry Biotechnology Institute and the Horticulture Institute in Skierniewice, Poland. The content of the following nutrients was investigated: vitamin C, folates, b-carotene, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, glucose, fructose, sucrose, dietary fiber as well as energy content.The content of vitamin C in orange juice from concentrate was 35 mg/100 ml. Folate content was 23 mg/100 ml of juice. The studied juice contained the following amounts of minerals: sodium (3 mg/100 ml), potassium (185 mg/100 ml), calcium (13 mg/100 ml) and magnesium (11 mg/100 ml). The total amount of sugars contained in the analysed juice was 8.8 g/100 ml. Compared to fresh oranges, the content of sodium, potassium, magnesium, b-carotene and sugars was similar. The content of vitamin C, folates and calcium was slightly higher in fruits. Dietary fiber amount was much higher in orange fruit than in juice. The energy value of both products was similar: 42 kcal/100 ml in juice and 47 kcal/100 g in oranges.The study showed that orange juice from concentrate is a source of important nutrients: vitamin C, folate and potassium. Their content in orange juice from concentrate is similar to that in fresh oranges. Dietary fiber amount was much higher in orange fruit than in juice.
Flexibility in work time impacts workers’ lunch habits
Authors: Massey Camille , Saulais Laure 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground: Workplaces have been highlighted as a promising place to promote healthy food choices because of the recurrence of eating occasions (Wanjek, 2005). Beyond interventional research promoting healthier food choices in workplace restaurants, much remains to be understood regarding the specificities of eating choices of individuals during their worktime. Specifically, although working conditions seem likely to play a key role in workers’ eating choices (Raulio et al., 2007), the nature and extent of this association are unclear. Worktime organisation and workers’ control over their own schedule have been proposed to account for differences in the way workers interact with their workplace food environment (Massey & Saulais, in press; Raulio et al., 2012).Objectives: The objective of this research is to investigate the relationships between two time-related working conditions, schedule flexibility and control over one's schedule, and workers’ lunch habits.Methodology: An ad-hoc online questionnaire was developed partly after the French Working Conditions survey. 1,139 French wage-earning workers, recruited from an online survey panel, were asked about their time-related working conditions, their behavior during lunch breaks over a two-week period (including non-food related behaviors such as taking care of personal matters during break) and their subjective experience of these lunch breaks in relation with time (such as feeling rushed during lunch break).Results: Workers with more flexibility in their schedule were more likely to report using lunch breaks as an adjusting variable in their workday, either by reducing it to compensate for their workload (p = .0001) or to attend to personal matters (p = .04). Perceived control over worktime organization also affected eating strategies during lunchtime.Conclusion: This research is one of the first to investigate possible relationships between working conditions and workers’ lunch habits. Although results provide support to a link between time-related working conditions and lunch behaviors, socioeconomic status (SES), which have been shown to impact workers’ behaviors, could be a confounding factor (Massey & Saulais, in press), whose effect needs to be further investigated in controlled conditions.