bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengendalian Tunneling Dalam Asset Utilization: Sebuah Tinjauan Teoritis
Authors: Herdinata Christian 
Published: August 2020

Johnson et al. (2000) define tunneling as the transfer of resources out of the
company for the benefit of controlling shareholders. This study will focus on institutional ownership and debt policy which will be further investigated as a control mechanism that occurs in asset utilization and has an impact on company performance. The results of the theoretical review of this study, namely institutional ownership and debt policy can control tunneling in asset utilization. Control mechanisms through institutional ownership of company performance can occur because institutional shareholders are very interested in company performance because a large portion of institutional shareholders' wealth is directly related to the company's wealth. The control is relevant to the owner because it is related to wealth that is tied to the company it owns, so that through increasing the proportion of institutional ownership it can reduce agency costs that arise, especially in the case of asset utilization of the company through supervision carried out. The control mechanism through debt policy on company performance can occur because the debt policy is carried out by the owner by transferring it to the banks or creditors to conduct supervision so as to maximize the performance of the company. The control becomes relevant because it is related to funds lent by banks or creditors to the company so that the company is expected to be able to pay interest and principal loans when due.
Implementasi Lean Canvas Pada Project Corporate Entrepreneurship
Authors: Harianto Eric 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to (1) identify project corporate entrepreneurship
with the application of lean canvas; (2) identify constraints in the application of lean canvas in corporate entrepreneurship projects; (3) identify the benefits contained in the application of lean canvas in corporate entrepreneurship projects. Data is collected from October 2018 to December 2018. The method used is descriptive research method with qualitative approach. The researcher conducted interviews with 5 informants. The analysis tools used are lean start up and lean canvas. The data analysis techniques used is Creswell data analysis techniques (2014). The results of this study are (1) project corporate entrepreneurship can be implemented in nine lean canvas blocks and can easily see the concept of optimization model and linkages between nine blocks in lean canvas; (2) the most difficult constraints experienced are when filling key metric blocks and unfair advantages in the lean canvas; (3) the researcher can easily analyze project corporate entrepreneurship in determining future strategies in order to find out which projects are effective or not to be continued or developed based on the achievement measured in the key metric blocks in one of the lean canvas blocks and the integration of nine blocks in lean canvas.
Kebijakan Dan Strategi Pengelolaan Manajemen Modal Kerja
Authors: Herdinata Christian , Kohardinata Cliff , Kusuma Meidiahna 
Published: August 2020

Working capital (capital) ie cash, accounts receivable, inventory. Companies follow a working capital cycle. Some things related to this are: (1) the cash conversion cycle is how much time the funds are tied up in working capital or how much time between the payment for working capital and cash collection from the sale of working capital (Brigham and Houston, 2014 ); (2) the average collection period is the average time required to convert raw materials into finished goods and sell them (Brigham and Houston, 2014); (3) the average collection period is the average time required to change a company's receivables into cash or to collect cash after a sale; (4) the payable period (payables deferral period) is the average time between the purchase of raw materials and labor with cash payments. The results of this study explain the strategies and policies that can be used in medium-sized businesses.
Experimental investigation on the correlation between the physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of six DESs in Kabachnik-Fields reaction
Authors: Machingal Shaibuna , Krishnapillai Sreekumar 
Published: August 2020

Physicochemical properties of six Type IV- Deep eutectic solvents formed from ZrOCl2.8H2O/ CeCl3.7H2O with urea, ethylene glycol & glycerol were compared. The study was performed by correlating the properties of DESs with their activity in Kabachnik-Fields reaction. Among the six DESs, lower density, viscosity, higher acidity & thermal stability were observed for DES 1(Deep eutectic solvent developed from ZrOCl2.8H2O and urea at 1: 5 ratio) and is reported as an excellent catalyst and reaction medium for the productive synthesis of α-aminophosphonates within a short period of time. One pot reaction of an aldehyde, dimethyl phosphite and amine (Kabachnik-Fields/ Phospha-Mannich reaction) took place at room temperature to give the corresponding α-aminophosphonates in good yield and the precipitation of these products in to water avoided the regular work up process. Catalyst was recycled up to five times without any loss in its activity.
KONSTRUKSI STIGMA MISTIS KOTA BANYUWANGI DALAM CERITA KKN DI DESA PENARI
Authors: Hasan Nurul 
Published: August 2020

Research objectives: (1) knowing how to reconstruct the values of the thread / story in desa penari, (2) knowing the extent of representing the dancer's value as Banyuwangi imagery in kkn desa penari. The research object is the thread / KKN story in desa penari. This type of descriptive qualitative research using Gamson and Modigliani framing analysis models. Primary data were obtained from the main data sources in the form of dialogue and narration that collected the figures of dancer in the story. Secondary data obtained from reading material such journals, books, articles on the internet, and various research results. The study results show that Simple Man's perspective influences the reader in interpreting social reality based on its construction. Simple Man summarized Banyuwangi as a city on the eastern tip of java island, known by Gandrung dance as the icon of the city, which is famous for maintaining its traditions and rituals, low-economic society and most of its inhabitants live in forests / remote, and wilderness that is still natural but famous for its haunted so as to build a negative image of Banyuwangi. Simple Man is quite familiar with the meaning of dancers who make the community as the Banyuwangi icon, where the dance is known as the Gandrung dance which is usually staged for festivals and welcoming guests, but imaging the dancer's value is interpreted as a ghostly faceless ghost who brings bad image for Banyuwangi.
2D Retrieval Frameworks for Hot Jupiter Phase Curves
Authors: Feng Y. Katherina , Line Michael R. , Fortney Jonathan J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Spectroscopic phase curves provide unique access to the three-dimensional properties of transiting exoplanet atmospheres. However, a modeling framework must be developed to deliver accurate inferences of atmospheric properties for these complex data sets. Here, we develop an approach to retrieve temperature structures and molecular abundances from phase curve spectra at any orbital phase. In the context of a representative hot Jupiter with a large day–night temperature contrast, we examine the biases in typical one-dimensional (1D) retrievals as a function of orbital phase/geometry, compared to two-dimensional (2D) models that appropriately capture the disk-integrated phase geometry. We guide our intuition by applying our new framework on a simulated Hubble Space Telescope (HST)+Spitzer phase curve data set in which the “truth” is known, followed by an application to the spectroscopic phase curve of the canonical hot Jupiter, WASP-43b. We also demonstrate the retrieval framework on simulated James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) phase curve observations. We apply our new geometric framework to a joint fit of all spectroscopic phases, assuming longitudinal molecular abundance homogeneity, resulting in an a factor of 2 improvement in abundances precision when compared to individual phase constraints. With a 1D retrieval model on simulated HST+Spitzer data, we find strongly biased molecular abundances for CH4 and CO2 at most orbital phases. With 2D, the day and night profiles retrieved from WASP-43b remain consistent throughout the orbit. JWST retrievals show that a 2D model is strongly favored at all orbital phases. Based on our new 2D retrieval implementation, we provide recommendations on when 1D models are appropriate and when more complex phase geometries involving multiple TP profiles are required to obtain an unbiased view of tidally locked planetary atmospheres.
Star-forming Sites IC 446 and IC 447: An Outcome of End-dominated Collapse of Monoceros R1 Filament
Authors: Bhadari N. K. , Dewangan L. K. , Pirogov L. E. , Ojha D. K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present an analysis of multiwavelength observations of Monoceros R1 (Mon R1) complex (at d ∼760 pc). An elongated filament (length ∼14 pc, mass ∼1465 M
⊙) is investigated in the complex, which is the most prominent structure in the Herschel column density map. An analysis of the FUGIN 12CO(1–0) and 13CO(1–0) line data confirms the existence of the filament traced in a velocity range of [−5, +1] km s−1. The filament is found to host two previously known sites IC 446 and IC 447 at its opposite ends. A massive young stellar object (YSO) is embedded in IC 446, while IC 447 contains several massive B-type stars. The Herschel temperature map reveals the extended warm dust emission (at T
d ∼ 15–21 K) toward both the ends of the filament. The Spitzer ratio map of 4.5 μm/3.6 μm emission suggests the presence of photodissociation regions and signature of outflow activity toward IC 446 and IC 447. Based on the photometric analysis of point-like sources, clusters of YSOs are traced mainly toward the filament ends. The filament is found to be thermally supercritical showing its tendency of fragmentation, which is further confirmed by the detection of a periodic oscillatory pattern (having a period of ∼3–4 pc) in the velocity profile of 13CO. Our outcomes suggest that the fragments distributed toward the filament ends have rapidly collapsed, and had formed the known star-forming sites. Overall, the elongated filament in Mon R1 is a promising sample of the “end-dominated collapse” scenario, as discussed by Pon et al. (2011, 2012).
Probing the Line-locking Signatures within the C iv Broad Absorption Line in Quasar SDSS J092345+512710
Authors: Lin 林樱 Ying-Ru 如 , Lu 陆伟 Wei-Jian 坚 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Quasar SDSS J092345.19+512710.1 (hereafter J0923+5127) shows two broad absorption line (BAL) systems. The blue one at ∼14,000 km s−1, called BAL system A, has been reported to show a synchronized kinematic shift of its C iv and Si iv BALs. In this paper, we mainly concentrate on the red one at ∼4000 km s−1, called BAL system B, which can be resolved into multiple narrow absorption lines (NALs). We identify 11 NAL systems from BAL system B and find that these blended NALs show complex line-locking phenomena, which offers evidence for the idea that radiation pressure plays an important role in the dynamics of these clumpy outflow clouds.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Tidal Effect in Gravitational Waves and Implication for Cosmology
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhu Zhenyu , Li Ang , Zhao Wen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Detection of gravitational waves (GWs) produced by coalescence of compact binaries provides a novel way to measure the luminosity distance of GW events. Combining their redshift, they can act as standard sirens to constrain cosmological parameters. For various GW detector networks in second-generation (2G), 2.5G, and 3G, we comprehensively analyze the method to constrain the equation-of-state (EOS) of binary neutron stars (BNSs) and extract their redshifts through the imprints of tidal effects in GW waveforms. We find for these events that the observations of electromagnetic counterparts in the low-redshift range z < 0.1 are important for constraining the tidal effects. Considering 17 different EOSs of NSs or quark stars, we find GW observations have strong capability to determine the EOS. Applying the events as standard sirens, and considering the constraints of NS’s EOS derived from low-redshift observations as prior, we can constrain the dark energy EOS parameters w
0 and w

a
. In the 3G era, the potential constraints are Δw
0 ∈ (0.0006,0.004) and Δw

a
∈ (0.004,0.02), which are 1–3 orders smaller than those from traditional methods, including Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and baryon acoustic oscillations. The constraints are also made 1 order smaller than the method of GW standard siren by fixing the redshifts through short–hard γ-ray bursts, due to more available GW events in this method. Therefore, GW standard sirens, based on the tidal effect measurement, provide a realizable and much more powerful tool in cosmology.
Completing the 3CR Chandra Snapshot Survey: Extragalactic Radio Sources at High Redshift
Authors: Jimenez-Gallardo A. , Massaro F. , Prieto M. A. , Missaglia V. , Stuardi C. , Paggi A. , Ricci F. , Kraft R. P. , Liuzzo E. , Tremblay G. R. , Baum S. A. , O’Dea C. P. , Wilkes B. J. , Kuraszkiewicz J. , Forman W. R. , Harris D. E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present the analysis of nine radio sources belonging to the Third Cambridge Revised catalog (3CR) observed with Chandra during Cycle 20 in the redshift range between 1.5 and 2.5. This study completes the 3CR Chandra Snapshot Survey thus guaranteeing the X-ray coverage of all 3CR sources identified to date. This sample lists two compact steep spectrum sources, four radio galaxies, and three quasars. We detected X-ray emission from all nuclei, with the only exception of 3C 326.1 and 3C 454.1 and from radio lobes in six out of nine sources at a level of confidence larger than ∼5σ. We measured X-ray fluxes and luminosities for all nuclei and lobes in the soft (0.5–1 keV), medium (1–2 keV), and hard (2–7 keV) X-ray bands. Since the discovered X-ray extended emission is spatially coincident with the radio structure in all cases, its origin could be due to inverse Compton (IC) scattering of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) occurring in radio lobes.
Benzoic Acid as the Preferred Precursor for the Chlorobenzene Detected on Mars: Insights from the Unique Cumberland Analog Investigation
Authors: Freissinet Caroline , Knudson Christine A. , Graham Heather V. , Lewis James M. T. , Lasue Jérémie , McAdam Amy C. , Teinturier Samuel , Szopa Cyril , Dehouck Erwin , Morris Richard V. , Malespin Charles A. , Mahaffy Paul R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Cumberland drill sample from the Sheepbed mudstone in Gale Crater, Mars, revealed the first evidence of an indigenous Martian organic molecule, chlorobenzene, with the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on Curiosity. We created in the laboratory a mineralogical analog of the Cumberland sample (CBA) to aid in the understanding of the precursor organic molecule(s) that led to the detection of chlorobenzene. The CBA was analyzed by visible/near-infrared spectrometry, and the results are in accordance with Mastcam multispectral and the Chemical Camera passive analyses of Cumberland on Mars, demonstrating that the CBA is a relevant analog. CBA aliquots were spiked with 0.5 wt. % of benzoic acid and 1–2 wt. % of magnesium perchlorate and were run in SAM Testbed (TB). The TB evolved gas analysis (EGA) showed similarities with the Cumberland EGA on Mars in terms of the major volatiles H2O, CO2, and O2. The TB gas chromatography mass spectrometry displayed the presence of chlorobenzene at 23–28 pmol and dichlorobenzene. CBA aliquots were also analyzed in the laboratory with SAM-like EGA and the results on the laboratory setup confirmed the generation of chlorobenzene by a reaction between the benzoic acid and the magnesium perchlorates. The case for benzoic acid as a potential precursor for the chlorobenzene detected in the Martian regolith is strengthened with this new supporting laboratory data from the CBA. The quantification of chlorobenzene in the TB led to prediction of organic precursor abundance on Mars of hundreds, if not thousands, of parts per millions by weight.
Craters on Charon: Impactors from a Collisional Cascade Among Trans-Neptunian Objects
Authors: Kenyon Scott J. , Bromley Benjamin C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We consider whether equilibrium size distributions from collisional cascades match the frequency of impactors derived from New Horizons crater counts on Charon. Using an analytic model and a suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that collisional cascades generate wavy size distributions; the morphology of the waves depends on the binding energy of solids

and the collision velocity v

c
. For an adopted minimum size of solids,

= 1 μm, and collision velocity v

c
= 1–3 km s−1, the waves are rather insensitive to the gravitational component of

. If the bulk strength component of

is

for particles with radius r, size distributions with small Q

s
are much wavier than those with large Q

s
; systems with e

s
≈ −0.4 have stronger waves than systems with e

s
≈ 0. Detailed comparisons with the New Horizons data suggest that a collisional cascade among solids with a bulk strength intermediate between weak ice and normal ice produces size distributions fairly similar to that of impactors on Charon. If the surface density Σ of the protosolar nebula varies with semimajor axis a as Σ ≈ 30 g cm−2 (a/1 au)−3/2, the timescale for a cascade to generate an approximate equilibrium is 100–300 Myr at 45 au and 10–30 Myr at 25 au. Although it is necessary to perform more complete evolutionary calculations of the Kuiper Belt, collisional cascades are a viable model for producing the size distribution of solids that impacted Charon throughout its history.
Barycentric Corrections for Precise Radial Velocity Measurements of Sunlight
Authors: Wright Jason T. , Kanodia Shubham 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We provide formulae for the calculation of precise Doppler velocities of sunlight, in both the case of direct observations of the Sun and in reflection from the surfaces of solar system objects such as the Moon or asteroids. We discuss the meaning of a “barycentric correction” of measurements of these Doppler velocities, which is a different procedure from the analogous correction for starlight, and provide a formula for reducing such measurements to the component of the Sun’s motion in the direction of Earth or other solar system object. We have implemented this procedure in the public barycorrpy Python package and use it to explore the properties of the barycentric-corrected Doppler velocity of sunlight over 30 yr. When measured directly, we show that it is dominated by nonperiodic motion due to Jupiter and that the signals of the other planets, including Venus, are not discernible in Fourier space. We show that “detecting” Venus in Doppler velocities of sunlight will require either observing sunlight in reflection from an asteroid or modeling their individual contributions to the motion of the Sun in counterfactual kinematic or dynamical simulations of the solar system with and without them.
Accessing Impacts of Banks and Financial Institutions Act in the Development of Financial Sector
Authors: Pokharel Ram Sharan 
Published: August 2020

The main objective behind the establishment of Nepal Rastra Bank in 1956, as per the then Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2012 B.S. (Now Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 1955), was to maintain macro-economic stability, by adopting sound and effective monetary, foreign exchange and financial sector policies. Institutional Development and Legal Development are the main underlying components to achieve the objectives of macroeconomic stability along with the development of Regulatory Authority and market mechanism subject to Institutional Development.
Ministry of Finance, Nepal Rastra Bank, Securities Board of Nepal, Insurance Board, etc. form Regulatory Authorities whereas banks and financial institutions, securities brokers, merchant bankers, insurance companies form the Market Mechanism.
This article, does not give much attention to institutional development, aims mainly to emphasize on the impacts of legal input in the development of financial sectors of Nepal, especially, the promotion of Banks and Financial Institutions and its impacts in the financial sector and the impacts of Banks and Financial Institutions Act (BAFIA) in the development of Banks and Financial Institutions, respectively.
The history of modern banking in Nepal is yet to complete 100 years as it is evident from the establishment of Nepal Bank Limited in 1937. Prior to the establishment of Nepal Bank Limited, limited amount of bank transactions used to be done by Tejarath Adda which was established in 1880. Tejarath Adda did not collect deposit but it used to disburse loan. However, it did not provide loan to general people, rather it used to provide loan to government employees and land-lords only. Nevertheless, the government had provided loan to general people through Tejarath Adda to build house after the great earthquake of 1934.
The modern banking history of Nepal commenced after the establishment of Nepal Bank Limited in 1937. Subsequently, Nepal Industrial Development Corporation, Agricultural Development Bank, Rastriya Bannijjya Bank, Nepal Arab Bank Limited, Nepal Indosuez Bank Limited (which later became Nepal Investment Bank Limited), Nepal Grindlays Bank Limited (which later became Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited), Himalayan Bank Limited, and the youngest bank Mega Bank Limited have been established in series. Now, Nepal Rastra Bank has stopped licensing process of Banks and Financial Institutions except Infrastructure Bank.
Thalassemia and erythroid transcription factor KLF1 mutations associated with borderline hemoglobin A2 in the Thai population
Authors: Srivorakun Hataichanok , Thawinan Wachiraporn , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Sanchaisuriya Kanokwan , Fucharoen Supan 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionElevated hemoglobin (Hb) A2 is an important diagnostic marker for β-thalassemia carriers. However, diagnosis of cases with borderline Hb A2 may be problematic. We described the molecular characteristics found in a large cohort of Thai subjects with borderline Hb A2.Material and methodsExamination was done on 21,657 Thai subjects investigated for thalassemia at Khon Kaen University, Thailand. A total of 202 subjects with borderline Hb A2 (3.5–4.0%) were selectively recruited and hematological parameters were recorded. DNA variants in α-, β-, δ-globin, and Krüppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) genes were examined using PCR.ResultsAmong 202 subjects, DNA analysis identified carriers of α+-thalassemia (n = 48; 23.8%), β-thalassemia (n = 22; 10.9%) and KLF1 mutations (n = 48; 23.8%). No molecular defect was observed in the remaining 84 subjects (41.5%). Interaction of KLF1 and α-thalassemia was observed in 10 cases. Of the 22 β-thalassemia carriers, five β+-thalassemia mutations were identified with lower MCV and higher Hb A2. Seven KLF1 mutations were detected in 10 genotypes in subjects with higher MCV and Hb F. No β0-thalassemia, α-globin gene triplication or δ-globin gene mutation was detected.ConclusionsA large proportion of subjects with borderline Hb A2 are not β-thalassemia carriers and for those with β-thalassemia, only mild β+-thalassemia mutations were detected. Evaluation of the patients using Hb A2, Hb F and MCV values will help in selecting cases for further molecular analysis. The results should explain the unusual phenotype of the cases and facilitate a thalassemia screening program in the region.