bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak: Iranian“247” National Committee's position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Sadeghipour Parham , Talasaz Azita H. , Eslami Vahid , Geraiely Babak , Vojdanparast Mohammad , Sedaghat Mojtaba , Moosavi Abouzar Fakhr , Alipour‐Parsa Saeed , Aminian Bahram , Firouzi Ata , Ghaffari Samad , Ghasemi Massoud , Saleh Davood Kazemi , Khosravi Alireza , Kojuri Javad , Noohi Feridoun , Pourhosseini Hamid , Salarifar Mojtaba , Salehi Mohamad Reza , Sezavar Hashem , Shabestari Mahmoud , Soleimani Abbas , Tabarsi Payam , Parsa Amir Farhang Zand , Abdi Seifollah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWorld Health Organization has designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a pandemic. During the past several weeks, a considerable burden has been imposed on the Iranian's healthcare system. The present document reviewed the latest evidence and expert opinion regarding the management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the outbreak of COVID‐19 and outlines a practical algorithm for it.
Impact of body mass index on outcome and health status after chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the OPEN‐CTO study
Authors: Patterson Christian , Sapontis James , Nicholson William J. , Lombardi William , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Moses Jeffrey , Gosch Kensey L. , Grantham J. Aaron , Hirai Taishi ,   OPEN CTO Study Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of body mass index (BMI) on the procedural outcomes and health status (HS) change after chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is largely unknown.MethodsThousand consecutive patients enrolled in a 12‐center prospective CTO PCI study (Outcomes, Patient Health Status, and Efficiency in Chronic Total Occlusion Hybrid Procedures [OPEN‐CTO]) were categorized into three groups by baseline BMI (obese ≥30, overweight 25–30, and normal 18.5–25), after excluding seven patients with BMI <18.5. Baseline and follow‐up HS at 1 year were quantified using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, Rose Dyspnea Score, and Personal Health Questionnaire‐8 (PHQ‐8). Hierarchical, multivariable logistic, and repeated measures linear regression models were used to assess procedural success, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), and HS outcomes, as appropriate.ResultsThe obese and overweight were 47.6% and 37.4%, respectively. While procedure time and contrast dose were similar among the groups, total radiation dose (mGy) was higher with increased BMI (3,019 ± 2,027, 2,267 ± 1,714, 1,642 ± 1,223, p < .01). Procedural success rates, as well as MACCE rates, were similar among the three groups (obese 83.1%, overweight 79.8%, normal 81.9%, p = .47 and 5.1, 8.4, and 8.7%, p = .11). These rates remained similar after adjustment for baseline characteristics. The HS improvement from baseline to 12 months after adjustment was similar in obese and overweight patients compared to normal weight patients.ConclusionsCTO PCI in obese and overweight patients can be performed with similar success and complication rates. Obese and overweight patients derive similar HS benefit from CTO PCI compared to normal weight patients.
Three strikes? Failed vascular access in mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Walker Melanie , Levitt Michael R. , Ghodke Basavaraj V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnatomic variability in the posterior circulation and small, fragile, or otherwise treacherous origins of vertebral arteries can create a challenge to acute endovascular intervention. We report a case of unsuccessful reperfusion due to inability to access the posterior circulation in a patient with acute basilar artery occlusion.
Some Aspects of Combining Data and Models in Process Engineering
Authors: Heese Raoul , Nies Julia , Bortz Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObserving phenomena under defined conditions and building mathematical models to make further predictions are essential ingredients of natural and engineering sciences. Recent technological and methodical advances make large and high‐dimensional simulation data accessible to model building and therefore to optimization. In this article, selected machine learning methods are highlighted and applied to example data from simple flow sheet simulations. Furthermore, the essential outcomes of the workshop dealing with combination of data and models during the Tutzing Symposium 2019 are summarized.
Effects of acupuncture versus cognitive behavioral therapy on cognitive function in cancer survivors with insomnia: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Liou Kevin T. , Root James C. , Garland Sheila N. , Green Jamie , Li Yuelin , Li Q. Susan , Kantoff Philip W. , Ahles Tim A. , Mao Jun J. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundCancer‐related cognitive impairment is a prevalent, disruptive condition potentially exacerbated by sleep disturbances. The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of acupuncture versus cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) on objective and subjective cognitive function in cancer survivors with insomnia.MethodsUsing data from a randomized clinical trial (160 survivors) that compared acupuncture versus CBT‐I for insomnia occurring in cancer survivors, the authors analyzed cognitive outcomes and their relationship to insomnia symptoms. Analysis was limited to 99 patients who reported baseline cognitive difficulties. Interventions were delivered over 8 weeks. Objective attention, learning, and memory were evaluated using the Buschke Selective Reminding Test. Subjective cognitive function was assessed using the Brown Attention‐Deficit Disorder Scales. Insomnia symptoms were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index. All outcomes were collected at baseline, week 8, and week 20.ResultsFrom baseline to week 8, acupuncture produced statistically significant within‐group improvements in objective attention (Cohen D, 0.29), learning (Cohen D, 0.31), and memory (Cohen D, 0.33) that persisted to week 20 (all P < .05), whereas CBT‐I produced a statistically significant within‐group improvement in objective attention from baseline to week 20 (Cohen D, 0.50; P < .05); between‐group differences were not statistically significant. Both interventions produced statistically significant within‐group improvements in subjective cognitive function at weeks 8 and 20 compared with baseline (all P < .001); between‐group differences were not statistically significant. In the acupuncture group, patients with clinically meaningful responses with regard to insomnia symptoms demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in subjective cognitive function compared with those without clinically meaningful insomnia responses (P = .006).ConclusionsAmong cancer survivors with insomnia, both acupuncture and CBT‐I produced significant improvements in objective and subjective cognitive function. However, the effect sizes varied and only survivors in the acupuncture group demonstrated a significant relationship between cognitive and sleep outcomes. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation to guide the personalized management of patients with cancer‐related cognitive impairment.
11p15.5 epimutations in children with Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma detected in peripheral blood
Authors: Fiala Elise M. , Ortiz Michael V. , Kennedy Jennifer A. , Glodzik Dominik , Fleischut Megan Harlan , Duffy Kelly A. , Hathaway Evan R. , Heaton Todd , Gerstle Justin T. , Steinherz Peter , Shukla Neerav , McNeer Nicole , Tkachuk Kaitlyn , Bouvier Nancy , Cadoo Karen , Carlo Maria I. , Latham Alicia , Dubard Gault Marianne , Joseph Vijai , Kemel Yelena , Kentsis Alex , Stadler Zsofia , La Quaglia Michael , Papaemmanuil Elli , Friedman Danielle , Ganguly Arupa , Kung Andrew , Offit Kenneth , Kalish Jennifer M. , Walsh Michael F. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundConstitutional or somatic mosaic epimutations are increasingly recognized as a mechanism of gene dysregulation resulting in cancer susceptibility. Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome is the cancer predisposition syndrome most commonly associated with epimutation and is extremely variable in its phenotypic presentation, which can include isolated tumors. Because to the authors' knowledge large‐scale germline DNA sequencing studies have not included methylation analysis, the percentage of pediatric cancer predisposition that is due to epimutations is unknown.MethodsGermline methylation testing at the 11p15.5 locus was performed in blood for 24 consecutive patients presenting with hepatoblastoma (3 patients) or Wilms tumor (21 patients).ResultsSix individuals with Wilms tumor and 1 patient with hepatoblastoma were found to have low‐level gain of methylation at imprinting control 1, and a child with hepatoblastoma was found to have loss of methylation at imprinting control 2. The loss of methylation at imprinting control 2 was found to be maternally inherited, despite not being associated with any detectable genomic alteration.ConclusionsOverall, 33% of patients (8 of 24 patients) with Wilms tumor or hepatoblastoma were found to have an epigenetic susceptibility that was detectable in the blood. It is interesting to note that low‐level gain of methylation at imprinting control 1 predominantly was detected in females with bilateral Wilms tumors. Further studies in larger cohorts are needed to determine the efficacy of testing all patients with Wilms tumor or hepatoblastoma for 11p15.5 epimutations in the blood as part of DNA analysis because this hallmark of predisposition will not be detected by sequencing‐based approaches and detecting a cancer predisposition may modify treatment.
Effects and Safety of Statin and Ezetimibe Combination Therapy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lin Yi‐Chih , Lai Tai‐Shuan , Wu Hon‐Yen , Chou Yu‐Hsiang , Chiang Wen‐Chih , Lin Shuei‐Liong , Chen Yung‐Ming , Chu Tzong‐Shinn , Tu Yu‐Kang 
Published: April 2020

The efficacy and safety of statin and ezetimibe combination therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. To assess the effect of statin and ezetimibe combination therapy on controlling lipid profiles and reducing cardiovascular events in patients with CKD, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis. We selected randomized controlled trials comparing this combination therapy with statin monotherapy or placebo in patients with CKD from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases published before September 1, 2018 on the Internet. Eight articles on seven studies, with a total of 14,016 patients with CKD, were selected from 412 full‐text articles. Statin and ezetimibe combination therapy had beneficial effects on serum total cholesterol (weighted mean difference (WMD) −20.31 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI), −26.87 to −13.75 mg/dL, P < 0.001), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD −17.22 mg/dL, 95% CI, −18.93 to −15.51 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and triglycerides (WMD −15.08 mg/dL, 95% CI, −23.41 to −6.75 mg/dL, P < 0.001) compared with statin monotherapy. Statin and ezetimibe combination therapy significantly reduced all‐cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (risk ratio 0.86, 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97, P = 0.01). The incidence of adverse events was low, with no significant difference between statin and ezetimibe combination therapy and statin monotherapy. In conclusion, the statin and ezetimibe combination therapy significantly improved serum lipid profiles and reduced risks of all‐cause deaths and major adverse cardiovascular events compared with the control group in patients with CKD.
Using Healthcare Databases to Replicate Trial Findings for Supplemental Indications: Adalimumab in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Spoendlin Julia , Desai Rishi J. , Franklin Jessica M. , Glynn Robert J. , Payne Emma , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: April 2020

Regulators wish to understand whether real world evidence can be used for secondary indications of biologics. Using the secondary indication of adalimumab for ulcerative colitis (UC) as an example, we aimed to replicate the ULTRA‐2 randomized controlled trial finding on the effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with UC using realworld data analyses. Adalimumab, a TNF‐alpha receptor inhibitor initially approved for Crohn’s disease, was approved for moderate to severe UC in 2012. The ULTRA‐2 trial had shown improved remission against placebo in patients with UC. Using claims data (2006–2012), we conducted a cohort study of patients with UC who initiated adalimumab and compared them with (i) nonusers and (ii) new users of infliximab using propensity score matching. The coprimary end points were corticosteroid (CS) discontinuation within 8 weeks and 1 year of treatment. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We identified 398 matched pairs of adalimumab users vs. nonusers and 326 pairs of adalimumab vs. infliximab users. Adalimumab users were 28% more likely to achieve CS‐discontinuation compared with nonusers over 1 year (HR = 1.28; 95% CI 0.94–1.73). However, unlike in ULTRA‐2, this effect was not observed in the first 8 weeks (HR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.65–0.97). Compared with infliximab, adalimumab initiators showed no incremental benefit over 1 year (HR = 1.08; 95% CI 0.80–1.04), but showed a 22% reduction (HR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.64–0.95) during the first 8 weeks of treatment. In summary, our results highlight opportunities and some limitations of database analysis to identify treatment effects for secondary indications.
Risks of ACE Inhibitor and ARB Usage in COVID‐19: Evaluating the Evidence
Authors: Sriram Krishna , Insel Paul A. 
Published: April 2020

Concerns have been raised regarding the safety of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19), based on the hypothesis that such medications may raise expression of ACE2, the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). We conducted a literature review of studies (n = 12) in experimental animals and human subjects (n = 12) and evaluated the evidence regarding the impact of administration of ACEIs and ARBs on ACE2 expression. We prioritized studies that assessed ACE2 protein expression data, measured directly or inferred from ACE2 activity assays. The findings in animals are inconsistent with respect to an increase in ACE2 expression in response to treatment with ACEIs or ARBs. Control/sham animals show little to no effect in the plurality of studies. Those studies that report increases in ACE2 expression tend to involve acute injury models and/or higher doses of ACEIs or ARBs than are typically administered to patients. Data from human studies overwhelmingly imply that administration of ACEIs/ARBs does not increase ACE2 expression. Available evidence, in particular, data from human studies, does not support the hypothesis that ACEI/ARB use increases ACE2 expression and the risk of complications from COVID‐19. We conclude that patients being treated with ACEIs and ARBs should continue their use for approved indications.
Mutations in the HvMKK3 and HvAlaAT1 genes affect barley preharvest sprouting and after‐ripened seed dormancy
Authors: Vetch Justin M. , Walling Jason G. , Sherman Jamie , Martin John M. , Giroux Michael J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPreharvest sprouting (PHS) is a natural phenomenon that negatively impacts various crops across the globe when late‐season rainfall causes seeds to germinate prior to harvest. Prevention of PHS in small grains such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is of particular importance because of the large acreage devoted to them. Barley is the fourth most grown cereal crop and is often susceptible to PHS damage, which limits the regions in which barley can be grown without heavy losses. Preharvest sprouting damage could be mitigated by incorporation of genetic alleles that impart desired levels of dormancy at specific times in grain maturity, ideally high dormancy at harvest with a fast loss of dormancy upon after‐ripening. Toward this goal, 114 barley varieties were assessed for dormancy at physiological maturity and in after‐ripened grains. Three genes previously associated with dormancy in barley or wheat (HvAlaAT1, HvMKK3, and HvMFT) were sequenced from all lines and assessed for allelic diversity. The resulting alleles were assessed for association with dormancy at each of the maturity time points. In total, seven missense mutations were discovered across the three genes. It was observed that a single missense mutation in HvAlaAT1 (L214F) is associated with loss of dormancy in after‐ripened grain, while a single missense mutation in HvMKK3 (E165Q) is associated with a large loss of dormancy starting around physiological maturity. This study suggests that different genes may be associated with dormancy at different time points in grain maturity, which would allow for selective breeding of specific dormancy time periods.
Joint beam selection and user association strategy for beam space millimetre wave downlink systems
Authors: Jayakumar Roscia Jeya Shiney , Ganesan Indumathi 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBeam space multiple‐input multiple‐output (B‐MIMO) systems operating at mmWave frequency in downlink uses different beam selection techniques for reducing the required number of radio frequency chains without apparent performance loss. In this paper, a joint beam selection and user association scheme with the objective of sum rate maximization is proposed. The proposed work on beam selection is based on a norm and uncorrrelation based approach, which considers channel correlation among the users so as to avoid inter‐user interference. Two different methods for beam user association with one modelled as a balanced assignment problem based on average sum assignment method and the other method that associates an optimal beam to every user by considering their channel gain values are also proposed along with beam selection. The proposed beam assignment methods are less complex and efficient in finding a suitable beam to every user within the cell. Simulation results show that the proposed method accomplish comparable performance in terms of sum rate and energy efficiency with appreciably low computational complexity relative to the existing methods in a correlated environment.
Human‐mediated dispersal and disturbance shape the metapopulation dynamics of a long‐lived herb
Authors: Bullock James M. , Wichmann Matthias C. , Hails Rosemary S. , Hodgson David J. , Alexander Matt J. , Morley Kathryn , Knopp Tatjana , Ridding Lucy E. , Hooftman Danny A. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs anthropogenic impacts on the natural world escalate, there is increasing interest in the role of humans in dispersing seeds. But the consequences of this Human‐Mediated Dispersal (HMD) on plant spatial dynamics are little studied. In this paper, we ask how secondary dispersal by HMD affects the dynamics of a natural plant metapopulation. In addition to dispersal between patches, we suggest within‐patch processes can be critical. To address this, we assess how variation in local population dynamics, caused by small‐scale disturbances, affects metapopulation size. We created an empirically based model with stochastic population dynamics and dispersal among patches, which represented a real‐world, cliff‐top metapopulation of wild cabbage Brassica oleracea. We collected demographic data from multiple populations by tagging plants over eight years. We assessed seed survival, and establishment and survival of seedlings in intact vegetation vs. small disturbances. We modeled primary dispersal by wind using field data and used experimental data on secondary HMD by hikers. We monitored occupancy patterns over a 14‐yr period in the real metapopulation. Disturbance had large effects on local population growth rates, by increasing seedling establishment and survival. This meant that the modeled metapopulation grew in size only when the area disturbed in each patch was above 35%. In these growing metapopulations, although only 0.2% of seeds underwent HMD, this greatly enhanced metapopulation growth rates. Similarly, HMD allowed more colonizations in declining metapopulations under low disturbance, and this slowed the rate of decline. The real metapopulation showed patterns of varying patch occupancy over the survey years, which were related to habitat quality, but also positively to human activity along the cliffs, hinting at beneficial effects of humans. These findings illustrate that realistic changes to dispersal or demography, specifically by humans, can have fundamental effects on the viability of a species at the landscape scale.
Hypokalaemia and outcomes in older patients hospitalized for heart failure
Authors: Valentova Miroslava , Patel Samir , Lam Phillip H. , Faselis Charles , Arundel Cherinne , Fonarow Gregg C. , Cheng Yan , Allman Richard M. , von Haehling Stephan , Anker Stefan D. , Ahmed Ali 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsHypokalaemia is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure (HF). The objective of this study was to examine the association between hypokalaemia and outcomes in hospitalized patients with decompensated HF in whom sudden death is less common.Methods and resultsOf the 5881 hospitalized patients with HF, 1052 had consistent hypokalaemia (both admission and discharge serum potassium <4.0 mmol/L), and 2538 had consistent normokalaemia (both admission and discharge serum potassium 4.0–5.0 mmol/L). Propensity scores for consistent hypokalaemia, estimated for each of 3590 (1052 + 2538) patients, were used to assemble a matched cohort of 971 pairs of patients with consistent hypokalaemia vs. consistent normokalaemia, balanced on 54 baseline characteristics (mean age, 75 years; 60% women; 28% African American). We repeated the above process to assemble 2327 pairs of patients with discharge potassium <4.0 vs. 4.0–5.0 mmol/L and 449 pairs of patients with discharge serum potassium <3.5 vs. 4.0–5.0 mmol/L. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with hypokalaemia were estimated in matched cohorts. 30 day all‐cause mortality occurred in 5% and 4% of patients with consistent normokalaemia vs. consistent hypokalaemia, respectively (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.52–1.18; P = 0.241). HRs (95% CI) for 30 day mortality associated with discharge serum potassium <4.0 and <3.5 mmol/L were 0.90 (0.70–1.16; P = 0.419) and 1.69 (0.94–3.04; P = 0.078), respectively. Hypokalaemia (<4.0 or <3.5 mmol/L) had no association with long‐term mortality or other outcomes.ConclusionsIn hospitalized older patients with HF, compared with normokalaemia (serum potassium 4.0–5.0 mmol/L), hypokalaemia (<4.0 or <3.5 mmol/L) had no significant associations with outcomes.