bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary organizing pneumonia associated with pulmonary tuberculosis: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Kim Eun Jin , Kim Kyung Chan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Secondary organizing pneumonia (SOP) is difficult to distinguish from cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) considering various clinical situations. SOP caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare; indeed, it has not been reported as a sequela of disseminated tuberculosis.Methods: From January 2016 to December 2018, we identified six cases of tuberculosis-associated SOP in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis was revealed by microbiological examination; one of the cases was miliary tuberculosis.Results: Of the six cases, 17% were positive for acid fast bacillus (AFB) stain, but 100% were positive for M. tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction (MTB PCR) and AFB culture. In all cases, transbronchial lung biopsy was performed and organizing pneumonia was confirmed pathologically. All survived after treatment with anti-tuberculosis therapy.Conclusions: Even if a biopsy performed in cases with pneumonia showing slow improvement appears to suggest organizing pneumonia, the possibility of tuberculosis should always be kept in mind in areas with high tuberculosis prevalence. MTB PCR appears to be more helpful than AFB stain for the first diagnosis of SOP associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pediatric Resident’s Perception of Night Float System Compared to 24 Hours System, a Prospective Study
Authors: Alsohime Fahad , Alkhalaf Hamad , Almuzini Hissah , Alyahya Malak , Allhidan Reema , Assiry Ghadeer , AlSalman Munirah , Alshuaibi Walaa , Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Alakeel Abdullah , Aleyadhy Ayman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aims to evaluate the pediatric residents’ perceptions of the Night Float (NF) on-call system and its impact on their well-being, education and patient safety and compare it with the previous traditional 24-hour on-call system. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in two pediatric residents training centers who applied the NF on call system as a pilot project. The senior residents enrolled in the two training centers were invited to participate in this study before changing the on-call system and 6 months after starting the new NF on-call system. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to them. A five-point Likert-type scale was used to rank the residents’ responses, covering three main domains; residents’ well-being, ability to deliver health care, and their medical education experience. Pre- and post-intervention scores were presented as means and compared using the t-test for paired samples. Results: A total of 42 residents participated in the survey. Of these, 24 (57.1%) were females. All participants were senior residents; 25 (59.6%) were third year residents while 17 (40.4%) were fourth year residents. Participants felt that most aspects of the three domains were improved by the introduction of the NF system. The NF system had less adverse health effect on the residents (Mean 2.37±1.01), compared to the 24 hours on-call system (Mean 4.19±0.60), P ˂0.001. The NF system had less exposure to personal harm, less negative impact on the quality of care, better work efficiency, reduced potential for medical error, more successful teaching and fewer disruptions to other rotations compared to the 24 hours on-call system, (P ˂0.001). Conclusion: In this study, we found that the NF on-call system positively impacts residents’ well-being, education and patient care. This pilot study demonstrates that the restricted duty hours are useful from pedagogic aspect and sets the ground for Pediatric residency training programs in Saudi Arabia to consider resident duty hour reform. Trial registration: Not applicable
Analysis of clinical characteristics of pertussis in 184 infants and children: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Caiying , Zhang Huimin , Zhang Yanlan , Xu Lin , Miao Min , Yang Hongling , Liu Yuhuan , He Shuxin , Pang Lin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: The incidence of pertussis shows an increasing trend in recent years, but some clinicians often lack sufficient understanding of the clinical characteristics and risk factors for severe pertussis, and more effective measures should be taken to reduce the incidence and mortality of pertussis in young infants. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, and 184 infants and children with pertussis who had been hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics of Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2017 were included in the study. Clinical data of the patients were collected and the clinical characteristics were statistically analyzed. Results: Among the 184 patients, 41.85% were infants < 3 months of age, and 65.22% were not vaccinated against pertussis. There were 22 critically ill children, among whom 4 died, and compared with moderate cases, they had a higher proportion of children younger than 3 months of age and infants not vaccinated against pertussis (63.64% vs. 38.89% and 100% vs. 60.49%, respectively); a higher proportion of children with pulmonary consolidation (77.27% vs. 1.85%); higher leukocyte count(× 109/L , 35.80 ± 20.53 vs 19.41 ± 8.59); and a higher proportion of children with severe hyperleukocytosis (18.18% vs. 0%, respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusions: 1. Infants aged < 3 months who were not vaccinated for pertussis tended to be infected with pertussis and had severe pertussis. Adjusting the immunization strategy to vaccinate pregnant women to produce protective effects for the infants should be considered. 2. Severe pneumonia and hyperleukocytosis are the main mechanisms underlying severe pertussis and the key points of prevention and diagnosis of severe pertussis.
Emission Factor, Relative Ozone Formation Potential and Relative Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of VOCs Emitted from Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Yang Hsi-Hsien , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Dhital Narayan Babu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, a few important manufacturing industries located in Central Taiwan were studied (n = 13) for the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), relative ozone formation potential (ROFP) and relative carcinogenic risk (RCR). Higher emission factors of total VOCs (∑VOCs) were observed for stencil printing (423 mg-VOC kg-1) compared to other emission sectors. Alkanes formed the most dominant group of VOCs for steel foundry (41.6%), aluminum foundry (25.1%) and synthetic resin manufacturing (25.0%). However, for the chemical sector (synthetic and polyester resin), oxygenated organics like acetone (55.7%) and ethyl acetate (79.7%) were the predominant VOCs. Moreover, emissions from acrylic resin manufacturing had higher contributions from aromatic compounds (> 95%). Toluene was the topmost compound in terms of its contribution to ∑VOCs in plastic tape manufacturing (44.4%), aluminum foundry (39.6%), steel foundry (11.6%), plastic coating (64.3%) and stencil printing (35.3%). Analysis of ozone formation potentials showed that the metal product & machinery acrylic resin manufacturing and stencil printing had a higher normalized ROFP index and belonged to level-I emission sources. However, in terms of the RCR, integrated iron & steel manufacturing had the highest normalized RCR index belonged to level-I emission sources. Level-I represents the most important VOC emission sources.
In Vitro Antisickling Activity of Moringa Oleifera Extracts on Sickle Cells
Authors: Omer Rayan Hamid , Yousif Nusiba Abdullah , Fadlalla Toga Abdalazim , Elradi Wala Eldin Osman , Elbasheir Mohamed Mobarak , allah Elharam Ibrahim Abd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Sickle cell disease is one of the major haemoglobinopathies affecting African people, in Sudan many children are suffering from this disease. Numerous studies revealed that some medicinal plants have shown an antisickling activity, which may be a new therapeutic way to a range of people who are affected by this disease. Particularly that, chemical treatment is cost effective and has many side effects. The study aimed to evaluate in vitro antisickling effect of Moringa Oliefera on sickle cells.Materials and methods: Using seeds and leaves crude (methanol extract and aqueous extract), the in vitro antisickling activities of Moringa oleifera fractions, were evaluated using erythrocyte cells deoxygenated with 2% sodium metabisulphite. Normal saline was employed as an internal negative control.Results: All extracts revealed high anti sickling activity in deoxygenated erythrocytes (P < 0.05) when compared with the negative control.Conclusions: Findings from the present study suggest the antisickling potential of the seeds and leaves of Moringa oleifera.
Il6/Sil6R Regulates Tnfα-Inflammatory Response In Synovial Fibroblasts Through Modulation of Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Mechanisms
Authors: Valin Alvaro , Rey Manuel J. Del , Municio Cristina , Usategui Alicia , Romero Marina , Fernández-Felipe Jesús , Cañete Juan D. , Blanco Francisco J. , Ruano Yolanda , Criado Gabriel , Pablos José L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction:
The clinical efficacy of specific interleukin-6 inhibitors has confirmed the central role of IL6 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However the local role of IL6, in particular in synovial fibroblasts (SF) as a direct cellular target to IL6/sIL6R signal is not well characterized. The purpose of the study was to characterize the crosstalk between TNFα and IL6/sIL6R signaling to the effector pro-inflammatory response of SF.
Methods
SF lines were stimulated with either TNFα or IL6 and sIL6R for the time and dose indicated for each experiment, and where indicated, cells were treated with inhibitors actinomycin D, adalimumab, ruxolitinib and cicloheximide. mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Level of IL8 and CCL8 in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells migration assays were assesed by transwell using conditioned medium from SF cultures. Statistical analyses were performed as indicated in the corresponding figure legends and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
IL6/sIL6R stimulation of TNFα treated SF cooperatively promotes the expression of mono- and lymphocytic chemokines such as IL6, CCL8 and CCL2, as well as matrix degrading enzymes such as MMP1, while inhibiting the induction of central neutrophil chemokines such as IL8. These changes in the pattern of chemokines expression resulted in reduced polymorphonuclear (PMN) and increased mononuclear cells (MNC) chemoattraction by SF. Mechanistic analyses of the temporal expression of genes demonstrated that the cooperative regulation mediated by these two factors is mostly induced through de novo transcriptional mechanisms activated by IL6/sIL6R. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that TNFα and IL6/sIL6R cooperation is partially mediated by the expression of secondary factors signaling through JAK/STAT pathways.
Conclusions
These results point out to a highly orchestrated response to IL6 in TNFα-induced SF and provide additional insights into the role of IL6/sIL6R in the context of RA, highlighting the contribution of IL6/sIL6R to the interplay of SF with other inflammatory cells.
Adolescent psychopathology and psychological wellbeing: A network analysis approach
Authors: Osborn Tom , Campbell Stephanie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The extent to which psychological wellbeing may play a preventive and therapeutic role in the development and maintenance of adolescent emotional disorders depends, in part, on the nature of the overlap between these two constructs. We used network analysis to examine the relationship between adolescent psychopathology (measured by depression and anxiety symptoms) and psychological wellbeing (measured by happiness, optimism, social support, perceived control, and gratitude).
Methods

This was a cross-sectional study with a in a large community sample of Kenyan adolescents (N = 2,192, ages 13-to-18). Network analyses was conducted to examine the topology, stability, centrality, and bridge nodes of a network of psychopathology and psychological wellbeing measures.
Results

Two distinct community clusters emerged, one for psychopathology nodes and another for wellbeing nodes, suggesting that these are two distinct but connected concepts. Central and bridge nodes of the wellbeing and psychopathology network are identified. The most central nodes in the network were general gratefulness and worry; the strongest negative edges between psychopathology and psychological wellbeing were depressed mood—I love life and irritability—I am a joyful person; the main bridge nodes were optimistic about future and special person around for me.
Conclusions

Our findings expand understanding of the relationship between wellbeing and psychopathology in an understudied population and are suggestive of how psychological wellbeing can inform psychopathological treatment/preventive efforts in low-income regions such as those in Sub Saharan Africa.
Distribution of ABO blood groups and association to low risk of COVID-19 infection in patients
Authors: Peng Minfei , Huang Shigao , Zhu Shitu , Chen Chaochao , Qin Jiajia , He Minmin , Yang Jie , Zhao Qi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has become a global health emergency. To date, studies on the correlation between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infected risk had rarely reported. This study aimed to describe the ABO blood groups distribution and association to low risk of COVID-19 infection for effectively concerning about the susceptible population.
Methods

We included 138 COVID-19 diagnosed patients and 82 non- COVID-19 patients between January 21 and February 20, 2020.We compared ABO blood group distribution, gender distribution and correlation analysis in Severe, Non-severe and Non-COVID19 patients, and analyzed the laboratory indexes of type O and non-type O groups in COVID19 patients.
Results

The laboratory results were significantly difference between type O and non-type O COVID19 patients (P < 0.05). Patients with blood type O had lower risk of severe COVID-19 infection (χ2 = 4.066, p = 0.044, OR = 0.380), and especially, female with the type O blood had lower risk in deteriorating severe COVID19 infection (p = 0.049).
Conclusion

Patients with the blood group of type O had relatively lower risk of COVID19 infection, especially, female with the type O blood had lower risk in deteriorating severe COVID19 infection. We should concern more to the patients with non-type O blood to minimize the risk of COVID19 infection.
Is prophylactic extraction of mandibular third molar indicated? A retrospective study.
Authors: Ye Zhouxi , Qian Wenhao , Wu Yubo , Sun Bing , Li Zhiyao , Ling Feng , Li Hongquan , Xiang Fei , Zhu Minwen , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background To evaluate the associations of impaction patterns of mandibular third molars (M3Ms) with pathologies caused by them. Methods In this study, 262 patients with 432 impacted M3Ms were included. The pathologies include pericoronitis, mandibular second molar (M2M) caries, and M2M distal periodontal pathology. The impaction patterns of M3Ms and the pathologies were examined, and the M2Ms outcomes after the surgeries were evaluated. χ2 test was used to analyze the data and a P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Pericoronitis was the major symptom in all patients, whereas the propensities of M2M distal caries and periodontal pathologies increased in older patients. Soft tissue impacted and vertically angulated teeth were more associated with the pericoronitis (p <0.05); Mesio-angular impacted teeth in less deep positions had greater risks of M2Ms distal caries (p <0.05); Mesio-angular and horizontal impacted teeth in relative deep positions were more likely to cause M2Ms distal periodontal pathologies (p <0.05). Conclusions Extractions of soft tissue impacted teeth in vertical angulations should be considered. While removals of mesially and horizontally angulated or bony impacted teeth could be delayed.
Spatiotemporal Assessment of Health Burden and Economic Losses attributable to short-term exposure to Ozone During 2015 - 2018 in China
Authors: Zhang Zihan , Yao Minghong , Wu Wenjing , Zhao Xing , Zhang Juying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ground-level Ozone (O3) pollution is currently the main severe environmental problem in China. Although existing studies have quantified the O3-related health impact and economic loss, few have focused on the acute health effects of short-term exposure to O3 and have been limited to a single temporal and spatial dimension. Based on the O3 concentration obtained from ground monitoring networks in 334 Chinese cities in 2015 - 2018, this study used a two-stage exposure parameter weighted Log-linear exposure-response function to estimate the cause-specific mortality for short-term exposure to O3. The value of statistical life (VSL) method that were used to calculate the economic loss at the city-level. Our results show that in China, the national all-cause mortality attributed to O3 was 0.18 (95% CI: 0.09 - 0.36) to 0.26 (95% CI: 0.13 - 0.45) million across 2015 - 2018. The estimated economic loss caused by O3 was 253.83 (95% CI: 128.44 - 590.96) to 397.09 (95% CI: 203.54 - 759.27) billion CNY, accounting for 0.34% to 0.46% of total reported GDP. Overall, the O3 attributed health and economic burden has begun to decline in China since 2017. However, highly polluted areas still face severe burden, and undeveloped areas suffer from high GDP losses. There are substantial health impacts and economic losses related to short-term O3 exposure in China. The government should pay attention to the emerging Ozone pollution, and continue to strengthen the intervention in traditional priority areas while solving the pollution problem in non-priority areas.
Preconception air pollution exposure and glucose tolerance in healthy pregnant women in a middle income country
Authors: Zareie Mehdi , Gohari Ali , Haghighi Leyla , Heydari Hafez , miri Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The effect of preconception exposure to air pollution on glucose tolerance during pregnancy in developing and middle-income countries is under debate yet. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and traffic indicators with glucose tolerance in healthy pregnant women in Sabzevar, Iran (2019). Methods: Accordingly, 250 healthy pregnant women with singleton pregnancies of 24-26 weeks of gestations were participated in our study. Land use regression (LUR) models were applied to estimate the annual mean of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 at residential address. Traffic indicators, including distance from home to the nearest major road (DHMR) as well as total streets length in 100, 300 and 500m buffers around the home (TSL-100, 300 and 500) were calculated using the street map of Sabzevar. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to assess glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Multiple linear regression adjusted for relevant covariates was used to estimate the association of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 1-h and 2-h post-load glucose with PMs and traffic indicators. Results: Exposure to PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 was significantly associated with higher FBG concentration. Higher TSL-100 was associated with higher FBG and 1-h glucose concentrations. Each one interquartile range (IQR) increase in DHMR the levels of FBG and 1-h post-load glucose were decreased -3.42 mg/dL (95% confidence interval (CI): -4.47, -2.37, P-value < 0.01) and -4.65 mg/dL (95% CI: -8.03, -1.26, P-value < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion: We found higher preconception exposure to air pollution and exposure to air pollution during pregnancy were negatively associated with glucose tolerance during pregnancy in a middle income country.
Gut Microbiota Characteristics in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
Authors: Shao Haoqing , Zhang Chenyang , Xiao Nenqun , Tan Zhoujin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of the most commonly adverse drug event of antibiotics therapy. We established a diarrhea model induced by gentamycin and cefradine to investigate the microbiota characteristics in the intestinal lumen of mice with AAD and provide insights into noteworthy bacterial related to gentamicin and cefradine-associated diarrhea.
Results
The number of OTUs in the model group and the normal group was 983 and 1235, respectively, and 872 identical OTUs were shared between two groups. Species richness and species diversity of intestinal microbe were altered by antibiotics administration. The dominant phyla of AAD mice were Firmicutes (52.63%) and Proteobacteria (46.37%). The abundance of 8 genera, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Aerococcus, Oceanobacillus, Brachybacterium, and Paucibacter, increased significantly, and the abundance of 2 genera, Prevotella and Parabacteroides, decreased significantly in the model group compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The bacterial diversity of the intestinal lumen was diminished after gentamicin and cefradine administration. The alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota further led to the dysfunction of gut microbiota. More specifically, gentamicin and cefradine significantly increased the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens, of which Enterococcus and Clostridium were the most prominent and most worthy of attention.
Relationships Between Indices of Arm Anthropometry, Bioimpedance, and Laboratory in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Wang Jenn-Yeu , Chen Shu- Chin , Hwang Betau 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Maintenance hemodialysis patients often experience protein- calorie malnutrition. Our aim is to evaluate the independent prediction accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis derived variables by the measurements of upper arm anthropometry and clinical laboratory indexes for assessment of nutritional status of hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, the relationship between measurements of upper arm anthropometry and clinical laboratory indexes and cross –sectional evaluation of the prevalence of malnutrition with the use of the norms and thresholds were done. Methods In a cross- sectional study of 32 stable hemodialysis patients (aged 28 to 82 years) in hemodialysis unit of Taipei Municipal Zhongxiao Hospital, we evaluated measurements of upper arm anthropometry with measurements of single frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and clinical laboratory indexes. Results The comparisons between measurements of upper arm anthropometry with measurements of single frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and some of clinical laboratory indexes were statistically significant. This study further found that both mid-arm fat area and triceps skin-fold thickness were independent contributors to percent fat mass after adjustment for body mass index and gender in the multiple regression models. This study also demonstrated that mid-arm muscle circumference, or mid-arm muscle area, or corrected mid-arm muscle area independently predicted height normalized indices of fat-free mass respectively after adjustment for body mass index and gender in the multiple regression models. The prevalence of protein wasting measured by mid-arm muscle circumference (50%) appears to be equivalent to that measured by serum albumin concentration (50%). Conclusions Mid-arm muscle and fat variables by upper arm anthropometry correlated with nutritional variables of single frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and clinical laboratory indexes. Mid-arm muscle and fat variables by upper arm anthropometry were independent predictors of body composition regarding height-normalized indices of fat-free mass and percent fat mass of hemodialysis patients even after adjustment of gender and BMI.