bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PVDF/ZnO composite films for photocatalysis: A comparative study of solution mixing and melt blending methods
Authors: Dossin Zanrosso Crissiê , Piazza Diego , Lansarin Marla Azário 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous photocatalysis represents a solution for several environmental problems. However, achieving photocatalyst separation from reaction media on a large scale remains a challenge, one that might be overcome by the immobilization of photocatalysts into supports. To this end, composites of polyvinylidene fluoride and zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared by three different techniques: solution mixing (SM) followed by Nonsolvent Induced Phase Separation; and melt blending at both low‐ and high‐shear rates (LS and HS) in a rheometer and mixing chamber, respectively, to compare the resultant morphology in photocatalysis. Photocatalytic efficiency was assessed by methylene blue (MB) discoloration in a batch reactor liquid phase and by resazurin (RZ) reduction. The changes promoted by nanoparticle inclusion, processing conditions and UV effect were demonstrated by FTIR‐ATR, XRD, DSC, and SEM. Results showed that ZnO incorporation was successful under all processing conditions, providing effective photocatalytic composites. However, samples prepared by SM had a twofold increase in discoloration efficiency and fourfold increase in surface photoactivity, when compared with LS or HS‐produced samples, explained by its higher porosity of 88% ± 1.3%. The covering of the photocatalyst surface was also evident on SEM analysis for melt blended samples, further contributing to reduction in their photocatalytic activity.
Exercise Programs to Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dijksma Iris , Arslan Ilgin G. , van Etten‐Jamaludin Faridi S. , Elbers Roy G. , Lucas Cees , Stuiver Martijn M. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of exercise programs on reduction of musculoskeletal injury (MSI) risk in military populations.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Literature SurveyA database search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, Open Gray, National Technical Reports Library, and reference lists of included articles up to July 2019. Randomized and cluster‐randomized controlled trials evaluating exercise programs as preventive interventions for MSIs in armed forces compared to other exercise programs or to usual practice were eligible for inclusion.MethodologyTwo authors independently assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Data were adjusted for clustering if necessary and pooled using the random‐effects model when appropriate.SynthesisWe included 15 trials in this review, with a total number of 14 370 participants. None of the included trials appeared to be free of any risk of bias. Meta‐analysis and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) assessment could be performed for static stretching compared to no stretching (3532 participants), showing low quality of evidence indicating no favorable effect of stretching. Gait retraining, an anterior knee‐pain targeted program, and resistance exercises showed cautious favorable effects on reducing injury risk in military personnel.ConclusionThe current evidence base for exercise‐based MSI prevention strategies in the military is of low quality. Areas worthy of further exploration include the effects of gait retraining, anterior knee‐pain targeted programs, agility training, and resistance training programs, on medial tibial stress syndrome incidence, anterior knee pain incidence, attrition due to injuries and any type of MSI, respectively.
A CD24‐p53 axis contributes to African American prostate cancer disparities
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Yue , Wei Shi , Bae Sejong , Yang Wei‐Hsiung , Smith Gary J. , Mohler James L. , Fontham Elizabeth T. H. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Sonpavde Guru P. , Chen Guo‐Yun , Liu Runhua , Wang Lizhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundUsing a functional analysis of prostate cancer cells, we found a CD24‐dependent inactivation of mutant p53, but the clinical significance of this observation remained uncertain. Here, we validated these results with samples of human prostate cancer and explored the role of a CD24‐p53 axis in racial disparities of prostate cancer.MethodsSamples of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded prostate cancer from 141 European Americans (EAs) and 147 African Americans (AAs) in two independent sample cohorts were assessed for protein expression of CD24, mutant p53, mouse double minute 2 human homolog (MDM2), and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (ARF) using immunohistochemical analyses. All samples were analyzed for TP53R175H and TP53R273H.ResultsCD24, mutant p53, MDM2, and ARF proteins were expressed in 55%, 24%, 39%, and 68% of prostate cancer samples, respectively. CD24 and mutant p53 were present more frequently in late‐stage and metastatic prostate cancer. The presence of CD24 was associated with a greater than fourfold risk of metastasis, which included lymph node and distant metastases. H score analysis showed positive correlations of CD24 expression with mutant p53 (r = .308, P < .001) and MDM2 (r = .227, P = .004). There was a negative correlation for CD24 with ARF (r = −.280, P < .001). A racial disparity was evident for CD24 (AAs/EAs: 64% vs 47%; P = .004) but not for mutant p53 (AA/EA: 28% vs 21%; P = .152). In 32 CD24+/mutant p53+ cases, a TP53R273H mutation was found in five cases, but no TP53R175H mutation was found.ConclusionThe CD24‐p53 axis may contribute to aggressive and metastatic prostate cancers, especially those of AAs. This observation enhances understanding of the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and its associated racial disparities.
Process safety management in China: Progress and performance over the last 10 years and future development
Authors: Tong Ruipeng , Yang Xuesong , Zhao Hui , Parker Trent , Wang Qingsheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, 790 documents involving Process Safety Management (PSM) published from 1998 to 2018 are collected. These papers are classified and VOSviewer is employed to conduct keyword co‐occurrence analysis. Furthermore, this work discusses the current situation of Chinese PSM in terms of incidents, regulations, and rules involving PSM, and compares the development of PSM in China with that of other countries. Through a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis, this work proposes tasks that are necessary to improve the effectiveness of Chinese PSM. The results show that the numbers of documents involving PSM in China have experienced enormous growth after 2010, and safety management has been the most prominent topic. In addition, severe chemical incidents triggered by similar causes tend to reoccur in China because of failures of PSM. Therefore, to improve the effectiveness of Chinese PSM, much work remains to be done, with the primary task being to ensure that comprehensive PSM programs are implemented effectively. To improve the effects of implementation, strengthened regulations and legal systems related to PSM are the most important measures to be taken. Additionally, China should learn from the experiences of other countries and should share its experiences with other emerging economies.
Epigenetic regulation of kidney progenitor cells
Authors: Huang Biao , Liu Zhenqing , Vonk Ariel , Zeng Zipeng , Li Zhongwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe reciprocal interactions among the different embryonic kidney progenitor populations lay the basis for proper kidney organogenesis. During kidney development, three types of progenitor cells, including nephron progenitor cells, ureteric bud progenitor cells, and interstitial progenitor cells, generate the three major kidney structures—the nephrons, the collecting duct network, and the stroma, respectively. Epigenetic mechanisms are well recognized for playing important roles in organism development, in fine-tuned control of physiological activities, and in responses to environment stimuli. Recently, evidence supporting the importance of epigenetic mechanisms underlying kidney organogenesis has emerged. In this perspective, we summarize the research progress and discuss the potential contribution of novel stem cell, organoid, and next-generation sequencing tools in advancing this field in the future.Significance statement Kidney dysplasia is usually attributed to the failure of kidney progenitor cells during kidney development. Recently, great progress has been made in understanding the epigenetic mechanisms controlling the activities of kidney progenitor cells in mammalian kidney development. This perspective summarizes this progress and offers new insights into the potential application of novel technical tools in advancing this field.
In Situ Investigation on the Protein Corona Formation of Quantum Dots by Using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Qu Shaohua , Sun Fangying , Qiao Zihan , Li Juanmin , Shang Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA fundamental understanding of nanoparticle–protein corona and its interactions with biological systems is essential for future application of engineered nanomaterials. In this work, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed for studying the protein adsorption behavior of nanoparticles. The adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) onto the surface of InP@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with different chirality (d‐ and l‐penicillamine) shows strong discernible differences in the binding behaviors including affinity and adsorption orientation that are obtained upon quantitative analysis of FRET data. Circular dichroism spectroscopy further confirms the differences in the conformational changes of HSA upon interaction with d‐ and l‐chiral QD surfaces. Consequently, the formed protein corona on chiral surfaces may affect their following biological interactions, such as possible protein exchange with serum proteins plasma as well as cellular interactions. These results vividly illustrate the potential of the FRET method as a simple yet versatile platform for quantitatively investigating biological interactions of nanoparticles.
All Roads Lead to the Liver: Metal Nanoparticles and Their Implications for Liver Health
Authors: Boey Adrian , Ho Han Kiat 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (NPs) are frequently encountered in daily life, and concerns have been raised about their toxicity and safety. Among which, they naturally accumulate in the liver after introduction into the body, independent of the route of administration. Some NPs exhibit intrinsic pharmaceutical effects that are related to their physical parameters, and their inadvertent accumulation in the liver can exert strong effects on liver function and structure. Even as such physiological consequences are often categorically dismissed as toxic and deleterious, there are cell type‐specific and NP‐specific biological responses that elicit distinctive pharmacological consequences that can be harnessed for good. By limiting the scope of discussion to metallic NPs, this work attempts to provide a balanced perspective on their safety in the liver, and discusses both possible therapeutic benefits and potential accidental liver damage arising from their interaction with specific parenchymal and nonparenchymal cell types in the liver.
Seismic performance assessment of new dry‐assembled prefabricated composite shear wall system with beam‐only connection
Authors: Wang Dayang , Zhang Yongshan , Chen Haishen 
Published: March 2020

SummaryTwo types of prefabricated composite shear wall systems were proposed using modular and separated dry‐assembled ways, respectively. The seismic performance of four composite shear wall systems, two for the modular assembly way and two for the separated assembly way, was numerically evaluated including failure mode, loading and deformation capacities, hysteresis behavior, ductility, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation. The nonlinear numerical simulations were conducted based on plastic‐damage constitutive laws for both concrete and steel materials using ABAQUS platform, which were further verified by the experimental investigations. The results showed that the mechanical performance of the modular assembly system is superior than that of the separated assembly system. The former exhibited good bearing and deformation capacities: The peak force is enhanced by 50% on average, the ultimate drift ratio reaches an average value of 3.7%, and the ductility coefficient has an average value of 10.5. As for the same assembly way, the prefabricated system with inner steel plate appeared better seismic properties compared to that with outer steel plate. Furthermore, the modular assembly system behaved prominent energy dissipation capacity with plentiful hysteresis loops. The equivalent damping ratio of this system reaches 15.93% at the drift ratio of 2%, which is the limit drift ratio for normal buildings in rare earthquakes.
Typification of names in the Dianthus plumarius group in the Carpatho‐Pannonian region
Authors: Barina Zoltán , Somogyi Gabriella , Pifkó Dániel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLectotypes are designated for D. plumarius, D. lumnitzeri, D. lumnitzeri subsp. pseudopraecox, D. praecox, D. serotinus (superseding a previous lectotypification) and D. serotinus subsp. kitaibelianus. Epitypes are designated for D. plumarius, D. hungaricus and D. praecox, and a neotype is designated for D. serotinus var. regis‐stephani. The application of the name D. lumnitzeri in the sense of D. plumarius subsp. plumarius and the application of the name D. hungaricus as a collective species are adopted here. It is also concluded, that D. serotinus subsp. kitaibelianus and D. serotinus var. regis‐stephani were described from the same population. According to the results of the present typifications, 4(–5) taxa of the D. plumarius group can be distinguished in the Carpathian Basin and the Western Carpathians.
Combination Effect of Organically Modified Montmorillonite and Nano‐Silica on Reducing the Fire Hazards of Intumescent Flame‐Retarded Epoxy Resins
Authors: Yan Long , Xu Zhisheng , Jia Hongyu , Chu Zhiyong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe combination effect of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) and nano‐SiO2 on the fire behavior of intumescent flame‐retarded epoxy resins (EPs) was evaluated. The results from fire tests show that the combination of intumescent flame retardant (IFR), OMMT, and nano‐SiO2 exerts an outstanding synergistic effect on improving the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of EPs. For example, the IFR‐3 sample, filled with 27 wt% IFR, 1.5 wt% OMMT, and 1.5 wt% nano‐SiO2, achieves the limiting oxygen index value of 28.2% and passes the UL 94 V‐0 rating, and exhibits a 33.2% reduction in total heat release and 49.3% reduction in total smoke release compared to those of IFR‐0 filled with 30 wt% IFR. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis shows that the combination of IFR, OMMT, and nano‐SiO2 shows a notable improvement in the char‐forming ability of EPs. More importantly, the combination of OMMT and nano‐SiO2 exerts a better synergistic effect on the char‐forming and fire safety of the intumescent flame‐retarded EPs compared to the case of OMMT or nano‐SiO2 alone. This phenomenon is ascribed to the fact that the uniform dispersions of OMMT and nano‐SiO2 particles can facilitate the formation of a more compact and continuous intumescent char against the transmission of heat and combustible gases, thus effectively reducing the fire hazards of the EP composites.
The Flint water crisis
Authors: Pauli Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Flint water crisis is one of the most significant environmental contamination events in recent American history. In April 2014, the city of Flint, Michigan, while under the control of an emergency manager appointed by the governor, switched its drinking water supply from Lake Huron water treated and distributed by the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department to the Flint River. Failure to treat the water properly at the Flint Water Treatment Plant led to a variety of problems with water quality and public health. Low chlorine in parts of the water system fostered bacterial growth and contributed to an historic outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in 2014–2015. High levels of trihalomethanes brought the city into violation of the Safe Drinking Water Act in late 2014. Finally, systemic lead contamination—revealed through a collaborative sampling effort by local activists and engineers in the summer of 2015—resulted from corrosive water eating into lead pipes and other lead‐bearing components of Flint's water infrastructure. In October 2015, after considerable public pressure, the city switched back to Lake Huron water. Efforts by federal, state, and local officials to respond to the crisis have focused on restoring water quality, repairing and replacing dangerous and damaged pipes, and addressing public health needs. At the popular level, residents and activists have continued to fight for accountability, reparations, and restoration. A variety of causal explanations for the crisis have been put forward, some focusing on water treatment, regulation, and infrastructure, others on the political context created by state takeover of the city, and others on historical factors like structural racism, deindustrialization, and depopulation.This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water Quality
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Human Water > Water Governance
Assessing the state of research data publication in hydrology: A perspective from the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Incorporated
Authors: Horsburgh Jeffery S. , Hooper Richard P. , Bales Jerad , Hedstrom Margaret , Imker Heidi J. , Lehnert Kerstin A. , Shanley Lea A. , Stall Shelley 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany have argued that datasets resulting from scientific research should be part of the scholarly record as first class research products. Data sharing mandates from funding agencies and scientific journal publishers along with calls from the scientific community to better support transparency and reproducibility of scientific research have increased demand for tools and support for publishing datasets. Hydrology domain‐specific data publication services have been developed alongside more general purpose and even commercial data repositories. Prominent among these are the Hydrologic Information System (HIS) and HydroShare repositories developed by the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI). More broadly, however, multiple organizations have been involved in the practice of data publication in the hydrology domain, each having different roles that have shaped data publication and reuse. Bibliographic and archival approaches to data publication have been advanced, but both have limitations with respect to hydrologic data. Specific recommendations for improving data publication infrastructure, support, and practices to move beyond existing limitations and enable more effective data publication in support of scientific research in the hydrology domain include: improving support for journal article‐based data access and data citation, considering the workflow for data publication, enhancing support for reproducible science, encouraging publication of curated reference data collections, advancing interoperability standards for sharing data and metadata among repositories, developing partnerships with university libraries offering data services, and developing more specific data management plans. While presented in the context of CUAHSI's data repositories and experience, these recommendations are broadly applicable to other domains.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Methods
Unitarity methods in AdS/CFT
Authors: Meltzer David , Perlmutter Eric , Sivaramakrishnan Allic 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We develop a systematic unitarity method for loop-level AdS scattering amplitudes, dual to non-planar CFT correlators, from both bulk and boundary perspectives. We identify cut operators acting on bulk amplitudes that put virtual lines on shell, and show how the conformal partial wave decomposition of the amplitudes may be efficiently computed by gluing lower-loop amplitudes. A central role is played by the double discontinuity of the amplitude, which has a direct relation to these cuts. We then exhibit a precise, intuitive map between the diagrammatic approach in the bulk using cutting and gluing, and the algebraic, holographic unitarity method of [1] that constructs the non-planar correlator from planar CFT data. Our analysis focuses mostly on four-point, one-loop diagrams — we compute cuts of the scalar bubble, triangle and box, as well as some one-particle reducible diagrams — in addition to the five-point tree and four-point double-ladder. Analogies with S-matrix unitarity methods are drawn throughout.
Holographic complexity: stretching the horizon of an evaporating black hole
Authors: Schneiderbauer Lukas , Sybesma Watse , Thorlacius Lárus 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We obtain the holographic complexity of an evaporating black hole in the semi-classical RST model of two-dimensional dilaton gravity, using a volume prescription that takes into account the higher-dimensional origin of the model. For classical black holes, we recover the expected late time behaviour of the complexity, but new features arise at the semi-classical level. By considering the volume inside the stretched horizon of the evolving black hole, we obtain sensible results for the rate of growth of the complexity, with an early onset of order the black hole scrambling time followed by an extended period where the rate of growth tracks the shrinking area of the stretched horizon as the black hole evaporates.
Sterile neutrinos with altered dispersion relations revisited
Authors: Barenboim G. , Martínez-Miravé P. , Ternes C.A. , Tórtola M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper we investigate neutrino oscillations with altered dispersion relations in the presence of sterile neutrinos. Modified dispersion relations represent an agnostic way to parameterize new physics. Models of this type have been suggested to explain global neutrino oscillation data, including deviations from the standard three-neutrino paradigm as observed by a few experiments. We show that, unfortunately, in this type of models new tensions arise turning them incompatible with global data.
Measurement of the weak mixing angle at a Super Charm-Tau factory with data-driven monitoring of the average electron beam polarization
Authors: Bondar A. , Grabovsky A. , Reznichenko A. , Rudenko A. , Vorobyev V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A method for measuring the average longitudinal polarization of the electron beam at an electron-positron collider operating near the J/ψ resonance is proposed. The method utilizes the differential cross-section of $$ J/\psi \to \left[\Lambda \to p{\pi}^{-}\right]\left[\Lambda \to \overline{p}{\pi}^{+}\right] $$
J
/
ψ
→

Λ
→
p

π
−

Λ
→

p
¯

π
+

decay. It can be used to measure the average longitudinal polarization of electrons with the statistical precision better than 10−3 at a Super Charm-Tau factory operating at the luminosity of 1035 cm−2s−1. The method is discussed in the context of the weak mixing angle measurement in the same experiment.