bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating the NAAIC alfalfa grazing tolerance standard test and assessing physiological responses to grazing in a tropical environment
Authors: Pedreira Carlos G. S. , Silva Valdson J. , Ferragine Maria D. C. , Bouton Joseph H. , Tonato Felipe , Otani Lyssa , Basto Débora C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference (NAAIC) is the curator of a series of standard tests that allow validation of any alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivar's pest resistance and agronomic attributes. One NAAIC test is for grazing tolerance, an important trait in the tropics. Our objectives were to validate the NAAIC grazing tolerance test and to describe physiological characteristics related to alfalfa grazing persistence in a tropical environment. Treatments were combinations of five cultivars (varying in fall dormancy and grazing tolerance) and two grazing methods, applied from March 2001 to January 2002 (330 d) in Piracicaba, Brazil. Plots were grazed every 7 d (mimicking continuous stocking) or every 28/42 d in spring–summer/autumn‐winter (graze‐rest scheme of rotational stocking), always to 7‐cm stubble. ‘Alfagraze’ (fall dormant, tolerant) and ‘ABT 805’ (fall nondormant, tolerant) had greater survival under both grazing environments compared with the nontolerant checks ‘Pioneer 5432’ (fall dormant, intolerant) and ‘CUF101’ (fall nondormant, intolerant). The widely used Brazilian cultivar ‘Crioula’ showed poor survival, suggesting that adaption did not affect the test, and Crioula is now described as grazing intolerant. Rotational stocking favored persistence of even the tolerant checks. This was related to maintenance of carbohydrate reserve pools, which declined by 80% in roots and by 85% in plant crowns when plots were grazed every 7 d, but only by 46 and 59%, respectively, under the 28/42 d grazing regime. The NAAIC standard test should be useful to screen cultivars for grazing tolerance in tropical or temperate environments. The use of rotational stocking is best for even grazing‐tolerant cultivars.
Increasing the efficacy of forest thinning for snow using high‐resolution modeling: A proof of concept in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA
Authors: Harpold Adrian A. , Krogh Sebastian A. , Kohler Mackenzie , Eckberg Devon , Greenberg Jonathan , Sterle Gary , Broxton Patrick D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractForest manipulation using forest thinning is one of the few means to manage water resources supplying downstream populations that are derived from snow‐covered montane forests. The challenges of simulating processes at the tree scale have precluded generalizable recommendations for removing tree canopy to maximize snow water resources. Here, we apply the high‐resolution Snow Physics and Lidar Mapping (SnowPALM) model to simulate snow mass and energy budgets at 1‐m scale over a 1,200 by 1,200 m domain on the west shore of Lake Tahoe, Sierra Nevada, USA. The SnowPALM model verifies well against observations of snow depth and snow temperature in open and under canopy locations. This supported the application of SnowPALM under “virtual thinning” experiments, where all trees <5, <10, <15, and <20 m height were removed during a 3‐year simulation. Increasing snowpack sublimation losses are smaller than reductions in canopy interception resulting in an overall increase in melt volume. Despite relatively modest melt volume increases of 4–8% across the entire domain, individual 30‐m stands could have >30% melt volume increases. On average, a 0.5 decrease in lidar‐derived leaf area resulted in an ~10.5% increase in melt volume, with shorter, denser 30‐m forest stands having greater melt volume sensitivity. These dense forest stands, where forest thinning was most effective, were found in valley bottoms and north‐facing slopes across the west shore region. This proof of concept supports large domain simulations using high‐resolution models to inform landscape‐scale restoration decisions.
Efficient evidence‐based decision fusion scheme for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Simpson Oluyomi , Sun Yichuang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, an evidence based decision fusion cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) schemes has been considered for overcoming the hidden terminal problem, improving reliability, and increasing SU agility. Under practical conditions, the combination of conflicting evidences with the classical Dempster‐Shafer theory (DS theory) rule may produce counter‐intuitive results when combining the secondary users (SUs) sensing data evidence leading to poor CSS performance. In order to overcome and minimize the effect of conflicting data, and to enhance performance of the CSS system, a novel efficient evidence‐based decision fusion scheme CSS is proposed. The approach is based on the credibility of evidence from the SUs sensing decision, which represents the similarity or the relation among the different SUs sensing data evidence, and a dissociability degree measure that indicates the quality or clarity of the SUs sensing data evidence. Furthermore, a weighted averaging factor determined by the credibility and dissociability of the SU sensing data evidence is proposed. Simulation results presented show that under practical conditions the proposed scheme enhances the performance of the CSS system when compared to traditional fusion rules that do not take into account the difference in local sensing reliability between the
SUs.
Coal permeability evolution characteristics: Analysis under different loading conditions
Authors: Guo Haijun , Cheng Zhixiang , Wang Kai , Qu Baolin , Yuan Liang , Xu Chao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe drainage and utilization of coalbed methane (CBM) resources can not only ensure the safe production of coal mines but also can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment. Coal permeability is the key factor that affects the CBM drainage efficiency. To understand the coal permeability evolution characteristics, coal specimens reconstituted by coal powder with different particle sizes were prepared and their permeability under loading conditions was investigated. The results indicate that the coal permeability evolution laws measured by different gases are completely different under constant hydrostatic pressure conditions due to the influence of effective stress and the coal matrix sorption‐induced deformation. Under constant effective stress conditions, the helium permeability of coals is almost unchanged if the effects of the Biot's coefficient of coals are ignored, but the methane permeability of coals decreases with increasing gas pressure. In the complete stress–strain process, the variation of coal permeability as the axial strain increases at different stages is almost completely different and the coal permeability in the residual plastic flow stage increases by 2.4–71 times, 1.5–39 times, and 2.8–116 times that of the initial state under the different boundary conditions. Furthermore, it is also found that the coal permeability evolution laws are determined by the effective stress, the sorption‐induced deformation of coal matrices, and the malconformation of gas adsorption in coals. This study can help us better understand the seepage characteristics of gas in coals and guide the CBM development. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large monochromatic components in 3‐edge‐colored Steiner triple systems
Authors: DeBiasio Louis , Tait Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is known that in anyr‐coloring of the edges of a completer‐uniform hypergraph, there exists a spanning monochromatic component. Given a Steiner triple system onnvertices, what is the largest monochromatic component one can guarantee in an arbitrary 3‐coloring of the edges? Gyárfás proved that is an absolute lower bound and that this lower bound is best possible for infinitely many . On the other hand, we prove that for almost all Steiner triple systems the lower bound is actually . We obtain this result as a consequence of a more general theorem which shows that the lower bound depends on the size of a largest 3‐partite hole(ie, disjoint sets with such that no edge intersects all of ) in the Steiner triple system (Gyárfás previously observed that the upper bound depends on this parameter). Furthermore, we show that this lower bound is tight unless the structure of the Steiner triple system and the coloring of its edges are restricted in a certain way. We also suggest a variety of other Ramsey problems in the setting of Steiner triple systems.
Collaborative Problem Solving reduces children's emotional and behavioral difficulties and parenting stress: Two key mechanisms
Authors: Heath Georgina H. , Fife‐Schaw Christopher , Wang Lu , Eddy Christopher J. , Hone Michael J. G. , Pollastri Alisha R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) approach in home‐based family therapy and to explore two hypothesized mechanisms of change.MethodSixty‐seven families with children aged 3–12 years old completed a 12‐week home‐based CPS treatment program. Parent‐report measures were completed pre‐ and post‐intervention, including measures on parents’ fidelity of using CPS, parents’ empathy, children's executive functioning, children's behavioral difficulties, and parenting stress.ResultsThere were significant reductions in children's behavioral difficulties and parenting stress, and significant improvements in children's executive functioning and parents’ empathy. These improvements were greatest for parents who had the greatest fidelity to CPS. Improvements in children's executive functioning and parents’ empathy mediated the relationship between parents’ CPS fidelity and outcomes.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence that home‐based family treatment with CPS may achieve positive child and family outcomes by building children's executive function skills and improving parents’ empathy.
The association between changes in muscle mass and quality of life in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Derksen Jeroen W.G. , Kurk Sophie A. , Peeters Petra H.M. , Dorresteijn Bram , Jourdan Marion , van der Velden Ankie M.T. , Nieboer Peter , de Jong Robert S. , Honkoop Aafke H. , Punt Cornelis J.A. , Koopman Miriam , May Anne M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss is common in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients and associated with poor clinical outcomes, including increased treatment‐related toxicities and reduced survival. Muscle loss may contribute to reduced health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), including fatigue. Our aim was to study associations between changes in SMM and concomitant changes in patient‐reported HRQoL.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of mCRC patients in the CAIRO3 randomized clinical trial who were—after initial treatment—randomized between maintenance treatment with capecitabine plus bevacizumab (CAP‐B) and observation until first disease progression (PD1). Included patients had computed tomography images for SMM quantification, together with HRQoL assessments available at randomization and PD1. Changes in SMM (categorized as >2% loss, stable, and >2% gain) and HRQoL were computed between randomization and PD1. Changes in HRQoL score >10 points were considered clinically relevant. Associations between SMM and HRQoL changes were studied by multiple linear regression models. We also investigated whether associations differed by treatment arm for global health and the 13 other HRQoL subscales.ResultsOf 221 patients included (mean age 63.5 ± 8.4 years), 24% lost, 27% remained stable, and 49% gained SMM. At randomization, mean global health status was 73.5 ± 15.9 in the CAP‐B arm and 75.1 ± 17.5 in the observation arm (P = 0.48). A stable or gain in SMM was significantly associated with a clinically relevant improvement in global health status (9.9 and 14.7 points, respectively), compared with patients who lost SMM. From the subscales that did not show significant differences between the two treatment arms, we found significant and clinically relevant associations for stable or gain in SMM with improved role functioning (12.0 and 17.9, respectively) and with less fatigue (−10.0 and −15.0, respectively) and pain (−16.3 for SMM gain). From the subscales that did show significantly different associations with SMM between the two treatment arms, we only found significant results in the observation arm. Here, associations were found for stable or gain in SMM with clinically relevant improved physical (12.4 for SMM gain), cognitive (10.7 and 9.7, respectively), and social functioning (15.5 and 15.6, respectively) as well as reduced appetite loss (−28.5 and −30.7, respectively).ConclusionsIn mCRC, SMM preservation during CAP‐B and observation treatment is associated with significant and clinically relevant improvements in global health status and multiple functional and symptom scales. Studies are warranted to investigate whether interventions targeting SMM lead to improved HRQoL, fewer symptoms, and better functioning.
Elevation of stromal cell‐derived factor 1 and C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 in white matter damage treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of preterm birth
Authors: Yin Liping , Wang Shiyu , Zhang Ning , Bai Xiang , Xie Jiali , Wen Quan , Huang Li , Qian Lijuan , Jiang Li 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the role of stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1) and C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR‐4) in the premature brain with white matter damage (WMD) undergoing treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC‐MSCs) and recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO).Experimental DesignThree‐day‐old Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) group, rhEPO treated HI group, hUC‐MSCs treated HI group, and rhEPO + hUC‐MSCs treated HI group. WMD was established in all groups except the Sham group. SDF‐1 and CXCR‐4 levels in each group were detected at postnatal day (P) 5, P7, and P14. Pathological changes were assessed via HE staining at P14 and neuroethological tests were performed at P28.Observations and ConclusionsThe rhEPO and hUC‐MSCs intervention reduced injury area, increased body weight at P7, and improved neurobehavioral scores at P28. Furthermore, their combined use proved even more beneficial. SDF‐1 levels in the rhEPO group were higher than those in the other groups and highest in the hUC‐MSCs + rhEPO group (all p < .01). SDF‐1 levels in the hUC‐MSCs + rhEPO and rhEPO groups were increased at P5 and reached a peak at P7. CXCR‐4 levels in the hUC‐MSCs group were higher than those in the other groups and highest in the hUC‐MSCs + rhEPO group (all p < .01). CXCR‐4 levels were also increased at P5 and highest at P14.SignificancehUC‐MSCs + rhEPO might reduce nerve cell damage and improve neurobehavioral development, in connection with increased SDF‐1 and CXCR‐4 expression, in premature rats with WMD due to hypoxic–ischemic injury.
Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A single arm meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Qie Shuyan , Liu Zongjian , Ren Jizhen , Li Kun , Xi Jianing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to summarize reliable evidence of evidence‐based medicine for the treatment and prevention of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) by analyzing all the published studies on the clinical characteristics of patients with SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other databases were searched. Several studies on the clinical characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were collected for meta‐analysis.ResultsTen studies were included in Meta‐analysis, including a total number of 50466 patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Meta‐analysis shows that, among these patients, the incidence of fever was 0.891 (95% CI: 0.818, 0.945), the incidence of cough was 0.722 (95% CI: 0.657, 0.782), and the incidence of muscle soreness or fatigue was 0.425 (95% CI: 0.213, 0.652). The incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was 0.148 (95% CI: 0.046, 0.296), the incidence of abnormal chest computer tomography (CT) was 0.966 (95% CI: 0.921, 0.993), the percentage of severe cases in all infected cases was 0.181 (95% CI: 0.127, 0.243), and the case fatality rate of patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 0.043 (95% CI: 0.027, 0.061).ConclusionFever and cough are the most common symptoms in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and most of these patients have abnormal chest CT examination. Several people have muscle soreness or fatigue as well as ARDS. Diarrhea, hemoptysis, headache, sore throat, shock, and other symptoms are rare. The case fatality rate of patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is lower than that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). This meta‐analysis also has limitations, so the conclusions of this Meta‐analysis still need to be verified by more relevant studies with more careful design, more rigorous execution, and larger sample size.
The influence of habitat and sex on feral fallow deer meat lipid fraction
Authors: Mexia Inês Almeida , Quaresma Mário Alexandre Gonçalves , Coimbra Margarida Cyrne Pacheco , dos Santos Fábio Abade , Alves Susana Paula Almeida , Bessa Rui José Branquinho , Antunes Irene Cristina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe study tested the hypothesis that habitat and sex influence the composition of meat lipid fraction. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the effects of habitat and sex on feral fallow deer (Dama dama) tenderloin (psoas major muscle) intramuscular fat composition.RESULTSFallow deer meat from the Atlantic forest presented higher total cholesterol and total monounsaturated fatty acids contents, while fallow deer meat from Montado presented significantly higher proportion of total branched chain fatty acids, n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and dimethyl acetals. Regarding the sex influence on meat's fatty acid composition, it was observed that female fallow deer displayed higher contents of total saturated fatty acids than their male counterparts.CONCLUSIONIndependently of the habitat the feral fallow deer's meat can be classified as extra lean. However, the high peroxidability index and the low total vitamin E content suggests that it is prone to lipid peroxidation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of Wind Turbine Curtailment on Bird and Bat Fatalities
Authors: Smallwood K. Shawn , Bell Douglas A. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBird and bat fatalities increase with wind energy expansion and the only effective fatality‐reduction measure has been operational curtailment, which has been documented for bats but not for birds. We performed opportune before‐after, control‐impact (BACI) experiments of curtailment effects on bird and bat fatalities and nocturnal passage rates during fall migration at 2 wind projects, where 1 continued operating and the other shut down from peak migration to the study's end (study 1). We also performed BACI experiments during a 3‐year study of curtailment and operational effects on bird fatalities among wind turbines of varying operational status (study 2). In study 1, wind turbine curtailment significantly reduced near‐misses and rotor‐disrupted flights of bats, and it significantly reduced fatalities of bats but not of birds. In study 2, converting wind turbines from inoperable to operable status did not significantly increase bird fatalities, and bird species of hole or sheltered‐ledge nesters or roosters on human‐made structures died in substantial numbers at vacant towers. Of bird species represented by fatalities in study 2, 79% were found at inoperable wind turbines. Because the migration season is relatively brief, seasonal curtailment would greatly reduce bat fatalities for a slight loss in annual energy generation, but it might not benefit many bird species. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Bile Biochemistry Following Liver Reperfusion in the Recipient and Its Association With Cholangiopathy
Authors: Gaurav Rohit , Atulugama Niroshan , Swift Lisa , Butler Andrew J. , Upponi Sara , Brais Rebecca , Allison Michael , Watson Christopher J. E. 
Published: February 2020

Cholangiocytes secrete bicarbonate and absorb glucose, producing bile with alkaline pH and low glucose content. These functions of cholangiocytes have been suggested as a marker of bile duct viability during normothermic ex situ liver perfusion, and they are now monitored routinely after reperfusion in our center. In this study, we reviewed the composition of bile immediately after reperfusion in liver transplant recipients to determine normal posttransplant parameters and the predictive value of bile biochemistry for the later development of cholangiopathy. After reperfusion of the liver graft, a cannula was placed in the bile duct to collect bile over a median 44‐minute time period. The bile produced was analyzed using a point‐of‐care blood gas analyzer (Cobas b221, Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). A total of 100 liver transplants (35 from donation after circulatory death and 65 from donation after brain death) were studied. Median bile pH was 7.82 (interquartile range [IQR], 7.67‐7.98); median bile glucose was 2.1 (1.4‐3.7) mmol/L; median blood‐bile‐blood pH difference was 0.50 (0.37‐0.62); and median blood‐bile glucose difference was 7.1 (5.6‐9.1) mmol/L. There were 12 recipients who developed cholangiopathy over a median follow‐up of 15 months (IQR, 11‐20 months). Bile sodium (142 versus 147 mmol/L; P = 0.02) and blood‐bile glucose concentration differences (5.2 versus 7.6 mmol/L; P = 0.001) were significantly lower and were associated with ischemic cholangiopathy. In conclusion, bile biochemistry may provide useful insights into cholangiocyte function and, hence, bile duct viability. Our results suggest bile glucose is the most sensitive predictor of cholangiopathy.
Well‐posedness and stability for a mixed order system arising in thin film equations with surfactant
Authors: Bruell Gabriele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present work is to provide a well‐posedness result for a capillary driven thin film equation with insoluble surfactant. The resulting parabolic system of evolution equations is not only strongly coupled and degenerated, but also of mixed orders. To the best of our knowledge the only well‐posedness result for a capillary driven thin film with surfactant is provided in [4] by the same author, where a severe smallness condition on the surfactant concentration is assumed to prove the result. Thus, in spite of an intensive analytical study of thin film equations with surfactant during the last decade, a proper well‐posedness result is still missing in the literature. It is the aim of the present paper to fill this gap. Furthermore, we apply a recently established result on asymptotic stability in interpolation spaces [15] to prove that the flat equilibrium of our system is asymptotically stable.