bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative feedback for supermassive star formation in a massive cloud with H2 molecules in an atomic-cooling halo
Authors: Sakurai Yuya , Haiman Zoltán , Inayoshi Kohei 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent three-dimensional cosmological simulations of protogalaxy formation have suggested that supermassive stars (SMSs) can form in gas clouds in which H2 cooling is suppressed by dynamical heating prior to the activation of atomic cooling, but they stopped short of the following growth of a central protostar. Here, we examine whether accretion on the protostellar core in this cloud is sufficiently rapid, in the face of the radiation feedback, to produce an SMS. We perform one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the hot collapsing cloud with non-equilibrium chemical reactions directly adopting the cloud properties from Wise et al. as an initial condition. We find that the stellar Lyman–Werner (LW) radiation from the SMS dissociates H2 in the inner regions of the gas flow, increasing gas temperature and thermal pressure, and temporarily stopping the accretion. However, this negative feedback ceases when the self-gravity and inward ram pressure force on larger scales push the gas inwards. The central protostar is unable to expand an H ii region due to the high density, and grows to a mass of ${\gtrsim}10^5\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. Our results suggests the successful formation of SMSs, and resulting massive (${\sim}10^5\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) remnant black holes in the clouds, but need to be confirmed in two- or three-dimensional simulations.
Platalina genovensium(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Ossa Gonzalo , Zamora Hugo T , Velazco Paúl M 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlatalina genovensium Thomas, 1928 is a bat commonly called Peruvian long-tongued bat. P. genovensium is characterized by having a greatly elongated muzzle, rostrum clearly longer than the braincase, and premaxillary bones projecting beyond the canines. The dorsal pelage is long and bicolored; the venter is lighter than the dorsum. P. genovensium is distributed from west of the Andes in Peru to northern Chile, with a few records reported from the Andes in Peru. It feeds in desert areas characterized by the presence of columnar cacti from which it obtains nectar and fruits; it has been recorded at elevations from near sea level up to about 2,600 m. It is listed as “Near Threatened” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Telemedicine review in neuro-oncology: comparative experiential analysis for Barrow Neurological Institute and Geisinger Health during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fonkem Ekokobe , Gatson Na Tosha N , Tadipatri Ramya , Cole Sara , Azadi Amir , Sanchez Marvin , Stefanowicz Edward 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has grossly affected how we deliver health care and how health care institutions derive value from the care provided. Adapting to new technologies and reimbursement patterns were challenges that had to be met by the institutions while patients struggled with decisions to prioritize concerns and to identify new pathways to care. With the implementation of social distancing practices, telemedicine plays an increasing role in patient care delivery, particularly in the field of neurology. This is of particular concern in our cancer patient population given that these patients are often at increased infectious risk on immunosuppressive therapies and often have mobility limitations. We reviewed telemedicine practices in neurology pre– and post–COVID-19 and evaluated the neuro-oncology clinical practice approaches of 2 large care systems, Barrow Neurological Institute and Geisinger Health. Practice metrics were collected for impact on clinic volumes, institutional recovery techniques, and task force development to address COVID-19 specific issues. Neuro-Oncology divisions reached 67% or more of prepandemic capacity (patient visits and slot utilization) within 3 weeks and returned to 90% or greater capacity within 6 weeks of initial closures due to COVID-19. The 2 health systems rapidly and effectively implemented telehealth practices to recover patient volumes. Although telemedicine will not replace the in-person clinical visit, telemedicine will likely continue to be an integral part of neuro-oncologic care. Telemedicine has potential for expanding access in remote areas and provides a convenient alternative to patients with limited mobility, transportation, or other socioeconomic complexities that otherwise challenge patient visit adherence.
Receipt of Cessation Treatments Among Medicaid Enrollees Trying to Quit Smoking
Authors: Wang Xu , Babb Stephen , Xu Xin , Ku Leighton , Glover-Kudon Rebecca , Armour Brian S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Cigarette smoking prevalence is higher among adults enrolled in Medicaid than adults with private health insurance. State Medicaid coverage of cessation treatments has been gradually improving in recent years; however, the extent to which this has translated into increased use of these treatments by Medicaid enrollees remains unknown.

Aims and Methods
Using Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) files, we estimated state-level receipt of smoking cessation treatments and associated spending among Medicaid fee-for service (FFS) enrollees who try to quit. MAX data are the only national person-level data set available for the Medicaid program. We used the most recent MAX data available for each state and the District of Columbia (ranging from 2010 to 2014) for this analysis.

Results
Among the 37 states with data, an average of 9.4% of FFS Medicaid smokers with a past-year quit attempt had claims for cessation medications, ranging from 0.2% (Arkansas) to 32.9% (Minnesota). Among the 20 states with data, an average of 2.7% of FFS Medicaid smokers with a past-year quit attempt received cessation counseling, ranging from 0.1% (Florida) to 5.6% (Missouri). Estimated Medicaid spending for cessation medications and counseling for these states totaled just over $13 million. If all Medicaid smokers who tried to quit were to have claims for cessation medications, projected annual Medicaid expenditures would total $0.8 billion, a small fraction of the amount ($45.9 billion) that Medicaid spends annually on treating smoking-related disease.

Conclusions
The receipt of cessation medications and counseling among FFS Medicaid enrollees was low and varied widely across states.

Implications
Few studies have examined use of cessation treatments among Medicaid enrollees. We found that many FFS Medicaid smokers made quit attempts, but few had claims for proven cessation treatments, especially counseling. The receipt of cessation treatments among FFS Medicaid enrollees varied widely across states, suggesting opportunities for additional promotion of the full range of Medicaid cessation benefits. Continued monitoring of Medicaid enrollees’ use of cessation treatments could inform state and national efforts to help more Medicaid enrollees quit smoking.
Parent fiduciary breach
Authors: Flannigan Robert 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Parents who serve as trustees, and solicitors who draft trusts that involve family relations, may need to address whether parents are free to entertain conflicts and benefits that may be attributable to parent status. I discuss in broad terms the kinds of conflicts and benefits that normally should not be objectionable. The definitive consideration is the social definition of when parent access is a limited access.
A cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding schistosomiasis among rural schoolchildren in Taiz governorate, southwestern Yemen
Authors: Alharazi Talal H , Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards schistosomiasis among rural schoolchildren in Taiz governorate, southwestern Yemen.

Methods
A total of 406 children were screened for urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the children's demographic and socio-economic information and their KAP towards schistosomiasis.

Results
Overall, 73 children (18%) were found to be infected by Schistosoma mansoni. None of the children were positive for Schistosoma haematobium. The prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis was significantly higher among boys than girls (22.1% vs 12%; p=0.010). Approximately two-thirds (63.3% [257/406]) of the children had heard about schistosomiasis, however, only 38.5%, 53.6%, 28.4% and 38.1% had correct knowledge concerning the causes, symptoms, transmission and prevention, respectively. A significantly higher level of knowledge was observed among boys and Schistosoma-infected children compared with girls and non-infected children (p&lt;0.05). However, a better level of knowledge does not seem to translate directly into the performance of hygienic practices. Multivariate logistic regression showed that sex and infection status were the significant predictors of good knowledge.

Conclusions
Intestinal schistosomiasis is prevalent among schoolchildren in rural Yemen. The findings reveal that children's knowledge about schistosomiasis is inadequate. Therefore, besides mass drug administration, integrated control programmes should also include health education and the provision of improved drinking water and proper sanitation.
Genome Sequence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, the Etiological Agent of Cabbage Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Yu Fangwei , Zhang Wei , Wang Shenyun , Wang Hong , Yu Li , Zeng Xiaoping , Fei Zhangjun , Li Jianbin 
Published: October 2020

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans is the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), which results in severe yield loss. Here, we report a high-quality genome sequence of a race 1 strain (IVC-1) of F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, which was assembled using a combination of PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequences. The assembled IVC-1 genome has a total size of 71.18 Mb, with a contig N50 length of 4.59 Mb, and encodes 23,374 predicted protein-coding genes. The high-quality genome of IVC-1 provides a valuable resource for facilitating our understanding of F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans–cabbage interaction. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Voices on Zika Study: Reproductive Autonomy and Shared Decision Making in the Time of Zika [3S]
Authors: Delgado Stephanie , Latortue-Albino Paula , Mehta Pooja 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of our study was to explore the relationship between reproductive autonomy and shared decision making in women exposed to Zika virus during pregnancy.

METHODS:
We used a participatory action approach to conduct an exploratory qualitative study of English and Spanish- speaking women who were offered serum or ultrasound screening due to Zika exposure during pregnancy or immediately postpartum. We performed qualitative interviews in the patient's native language based on the Reproductive Autonomy scale and the Three Talk Model for shared decision making. Two coders used modified grounded theory to analyze transcribed interviews by hand.

RESULTS:
We interviewed 18 patients, at an inner city safety net hospital from May to December 2017. Most participants were Spanish speaking (72%), Hispanic (77%), and reported unplanned pregnancies (61%). Participant narratives demonstrated reproductive autonomy in pregnancy decision-making with community-based decision support, fatalism around pregnancy continuation, and very limited engagement around decisions regarding Zika virus testing. Hierarchy in provider dynamics, perceived stigma around emigration and travel, and language barriers impacted participant engagement in shared decision making-including choice, options, and decision talk. Narratives demonstrated limited participant perception of personal and fetal risk, and limited knowledge around Zika virus screening and treatment, which was inadequately addressed during counseling discussions.

CONCLUSION:
Participants demonstrated autonomy in reproductive decision-making that did not extend to decisions related to perinatal Zika testing. Shared decision making tools that address provider-patient relationship and stigma, in addition to clinical content may improve shared decision making and patient engagement in the management of complex pregnancies in vulnerable populations.
Entrustment Decision Making: Extending Miller’s Pyramid
Authors: ten Cate Olle , Carraccio Carol , Damodaran Arvin , Gofton Wade , Hamstra Stanley J. , Hart Danielle E. , Richardson Denyse , Ross Shelley , Schultz Karen , Warm Eric J. , Whelan Alison J. , Schumacher Daniel J. 
Published: October 2020

The iconic Miller’s pyramid, proposed in 1989, characterizes 4 levels of assessment in medical education (“knows,” “knows how,” “shows how,” “does”). The frame work has created a worldwide awareness of the need to have different assessment approaches for different expected outcomes of education and training. At the time, Miller stressed the innovative use of simulation techniques, geared at the third level (“shows how”); however, the “does” level, assessment in the workplace, remained a largely uncharted area.
In the 30 years since Miller’s conference address and seminal paper, much attention has been devoted to procedures and instrument development for workplace-based assessment. With the rise of competency-based medical education (CBME), the need for approaches to determine the competence of learners in the clinical workplace has intensified. The proposal to use entrustable professional activities as a framework of assessment and the related entrustment decision making for clinical responsibilities at designated levels of supervision of learners (e.g., direct, indirect, and no supervision) has become a recent critical innovation of CBME at the “does” level.
Analysis of the entrustment concept reveals that trust in a learner to work without assistance or supervision encompasses more than the observation of “doing” in practice (the “does” level). It implies the readiness of educators to accept the inherent risks involved in health care tasks and the judgment that the learner has enough experience to act appropriately when facing unexpected challenges. Earning this qualification requires qualities beyond observed proficiency, which led the authors to propose adding the level “trusted” to the apex of Miller’s pyramid.
Use of cannabis and cannabinoids in palliative care setting
Authors: AR Karthik , Bhatnagar Sushma 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
Cannabis products have been used for various ailments since ancient times. But their use diminished in the medical community due to the legal and social concerns of substance abuse. With evolving evidence of their use in alleviating various symptoms, resurgence of interest in their medicinal use is seen in the past decade.

Recent findings
Clinical evidence for cannabis products in treating various ailments has been far from robust. Their use is based on anecdotal and low-quality evidence. This review attempts to revisit the recent medical literature available on the merits and demerits of cannabinoid use in palliative medicine.

Summary
A few symptoms in palliative care setting can be difficult to treat in a few patients with the available treatment measures. Anecdotal reports and early clinical data have proved cannabinoids to be a promising pharmacological option in managing this subset of patients. However, absence of robust clinical data in proving that cannabinoids have definitely favorable risk–benefit ratio, precludes the inclusion of cannabinoids in the routine recommendation for palliative symptom management. Before cannabinoids enter the broader market with patient-driven and industry-driven hype, high-quality clinical evidence is emergently needed.
A Retrospective Cohort Study Examining the Utility of Perinatal Urine Toxicology Testing to Guide Breastfeeding Initiation
Authors: Harris Miriam , Joseph Kathleen , Hoeppner Bettina , Wachman Elisha M. , Gray Jessica R. , Saia Kelley , Wakeman Sarah , Bair-Merritt Megan H. , Schiff Davida M. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
National guidelines advise against breastfeeding for women who use nonprescribed substances in the third trimester. This reduces the number of women who are supported in breastfeeding initiation despite limited evidence on the prognostic value of third trimester substance use. We sought to examine the degree to which prenatal nonprescribed substance use is associated with non-prescribed use postpartum.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with opioid use disorder on methadone or buprenorphine between 2006 and 2015. Nonprescribed use was defined by a positive urine drug testing (UDT). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated comparing 3 prenatal periods with postpartum UDT results. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the extent to which prenatal nonprescribed use was associated with postpartum use.

Results:
Included were 545 deliveries by 503 women. Mean age was 28.3 years, 88% were White/non-Hispanic, 93% had public insurance, and 43% received adequate prenatal care. The predictive value of UDT's 90 to 31 days before delivery, 30 to 0 days before delivery, and at delivery showed low sensitivity (44, 26, 27%, respectively) and positive predictive value (36, 36, 56%, respectively), but higher negative predictive value (80, 85, and 78%, respectively), P-values all <0.05. In the final adjusted model, only nonprescribed use at delivery was significantly associated with postpartum nonprescribed use.

Conclusions:
Nonprescribed use at delivery was most strongly associated with postpartum use compared with earlier time periods currently prioritized in guidelines. In women with opioid use disorder prenatal UDT results alone are insufficient to guide breastfeeding decisions.
Biopsychosocial Characteristics of Patients With Chronic Pain Expecting Different Levels of Pain Relief in the Context of Multidisciplinary Treatments
Authors: Cormier Stéphanie , Lévesque-Lacasse Alexandra 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Evidence suggests that patients’ expectations predict chronic pain treatment outcomes. Although patients vary in terms of expected pain relief, little is known about individual factors related to such variations. This study aims to investigate how patients with various levels of pain relief expectations differ on the basis of biopsychosocial baseline characteristics in the context of multidisciplinary chronic pain treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Data from 3110 individuals with chronic pain attending one of 3 multidisciplinary pain treatment centers were considered. Participants completed a self-reported measure of pain relief expectations and provided information pertaining to biological, psychological, and social variables.

Results:
A backward stepwise regression helped identify biopsychosocial variables that significantly predicted expected pain relief. Subsequent analyses suggest that patients reporting low, moderate, high, and very high expectations of pain relief differed significantly in terms of pain duration and depressive symptoms. Significant between-group differences were also found with regard to overall physical health, age, sex, and ethnicity.

Discussion:
Identifying characteristics related to different levels of pain relief expectations is a fundamental step in generating a more comprehensive understanding of how expectations can be of use in the successful management of chronic pain conditions.
“Unstable” Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures Treated With Flexible Elastic Nails Have Few Complications
Authors: Atassi Omar , Fontenot Philip B. , Busel Gennadiy , De La Fuente Guadalupe , Donohue David , Maxson Benjamin , Shah Anjan R. , Watson David T. , Infante Anthony F. , Downes Katheryne , Sanders Roy W. , Mir Hassan R. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To determine our complication rate in pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated with flexible elastic nailing and to determine fracture characteristics that may predict complications.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
One Level 1 and One Level 2 academic trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
One hundred one pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated from 2006 to 2018.

Main Outcome Measurement:
Major and minor complications.

Results:
One hundred one femurs met inclusion criteria. The average age was 7 years (range 3–12 years). The average weight was 29.0 kg (range 16–55 kg). The average follow-up was 11 months (6–36 months). Ninety-three patients underwent elective implant removal at our institution. Fifty-one of the 101 (50%) fractures were “unstable” patterns. Ninety-three percent had implants that filled >80% of the canal (69 titanium and 32 stainless steel). Seventeen percent (18) had cast immobilization. All fractures went on to union. No patient required revision surgery for malunion as follows: 6 had coronal/sagittal malalignment >10 degrees, 3 had malrotation >15 degrees, and none had a leg length inequality >1 cm. Three patients had an unplanned surgery as follows: 2 for prominent implants and 1 for refracture after a second injury. There were no patient, fracture, or treatment characteristics that were predictive of complications or unplanned surgery, including “unstable” fractures (P = 0.78).

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates that flexible elastic nailing can be safely used in most pediatric femoral shaft fractures, including those previously described as “unstable.”

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.