bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Persistence of Sexual Evaluative Learning Effects
Authors: Both Stephanie , Brom Mirte , Laan Ellen , Everaerd Walter , Spinhoven Philip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionSeveral studies demonstrated that genital arousal and enhanced positive affect toward neutral stimuli due to sexual conditioning did not extinguish during a brief extinction phase, but other studies showed contrasting results. Possible resistance to extinction of conditioned human sexual response has, however, not been studied using extensive extinction trials.AimTo study resistance to extinction of conditioned sexual response in men and women.MethodsHealthy sexually functional men (N = 34) and women (N = 32) participated in a differential conditioning experiment, with neutral pictures as conditioned stimuli (CSs) and genital vibrostimulation as unconditioned stimulus. Only one CS (the CS+) was followed by the unconditioned stimulus during the acquisition phase.Main Outcome MeasurePenile circumference and vaginal pulse amplitude were assessed, and ratings of affective value and subjective sexual arousal were obtained. In addition, a stimulus response compatibility task was included to assess automatic approach and avoidance tendencies.ResultsMen and women rated the CS+ as more positive than the CS− during all 24 extinction trials and demonstrated a slight tendency to approach the CS+ directly after the extinction procedure. Participants rated the CS+ as more sexually arousing than the CS− during 20 extinction trials. No evidence was found for conditioned genital sexual response.Clinical ImplicationsLearned sexual evaluations may be difficult to modify through an extinction procedure; therefore, unwanted but persistent subjective sexual evaluations may be better targeted by interventions such as the deployment of emotion regulation strategies.Strength & LimitationsExtensive extinction trials were used; however, only relatively short-term effects within one experimental session were studied and there was no (unpaired) control condition.ConclusionThe results provide evidence that conditioned sexual likes are relatively persistent, also at the behavioral level.
Recommendations for the Study of Vulvar Pain in Women, Part 2: Methodological Challenges
Authors: Rosen Natalie O. , Bergeron Sophie , Pukall Caroline F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic vulvar pain is a multidimensional condition with great variability in clinical presentation among affected women. In a companion article, part 1, we reviewed and recommended assessment and measurement tools for vulvar pain and related outcomes with a view toward improving consistency and comparison across studies. Yet methodological challenges to conducting research with this population remain and can further hinder conclusions regarding etiology and treatment.

Aim
To discuss methodological challenges to conducting vulvar pain research alongside recommended solutions.

Methods
The expert authors reviewed the scientific evidence related to the study of vulvar pain and made decisions regarding methodological challenges and mitigation strategies via discussion and consensus.

Main Outcome Measure
We articulated key challenges to conducting research in this area and formulated recommendations for mitigating these challenges.

Results
Challenges to the field include selection and sample biases, heterogeneity of the condition, inclusion of the partner, and neglect of the multidimensional aspects of vulvar pain. 2 key recommendations are more careful and detailed tracking and characterization of research samples and greater multidisciplinary collaboration to better capture the complexity of chronic vulvar pain.

Clinical Implications
This methodological critique points to several challenges to clinical research with populations struggling with chronic vulvar pain and makes suggestions for how to mitigate these issues.

Strength & Limitations
Comments in this expert review raise awareness regarding core challenges to the study of vulvar pain and can inform study design of clinical research with this population. The content of this review is based on expert knowledge and opinion rather than a formal systematic review or extended consultation process.

Conclusion
A careful reflection upon methodological challenges facing clinical research of vulvar pain and ways to mitigate such challenges is crucial for improving the quality, generalizability, and uptake of research findings.
On the Imbalance and Response Time of Glaciers in the European Alps
Authors: Zekollari Harry , Huss Matthias , Farinotti Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlaciers in the European Alps rapidly lose mass to adapt to changes in climate conditions. Here, we investigate the relationship and lag between climate forcing and geometric glacier response with a regional glacier evolution model accounting for ice dynamics. The volume loss occurring as a result of the glacier‐climate imbalance increased over the early 21st century, from about 35% in 2001 to 44% in 2010. This committed loss reduced to ~40% by 2018, indicating that temperature increase was outweighing glacier retreat in the early 2000s but that the fast retreat effectively somewhat diminished glacier imbalances. We analyze the lag in glacier response for each individual glacier and find mean response times of 50 ± 28 years. Our findings indicate that the response time is primarily controlled by glacier slope and secondarily by elevation range and mass balance gradient, rather than by glacier size.
Correcting the Arcjet Thruster Disturbance in GOES‐16 Magnetometer Data
Authors: Califf S. , Early D. , Grotenhuis M. , Loto'aniu T. M. , Kronenwetter J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe GOES‐R series magnetometers provide observations of the Earth's magnetic field at geostationary orbit for operational use by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Space Weather Prediction Center. The GOES‐R spacecraft use arcjet thrusters for orbital stationkeeping, and the partially ionized thruster plume creates a relatively large (~20 nT) disturbance in the magnetometer data. This study presents a correction algorithm that removes the arcjet signal from the magnetometer data. The algorithm is based on an observed linear relationship between the arcjet disturbance and the ambient magnetic field. We estimate correction parameters using data from GOES‐16 (the first spacecraft of the GOES‐R series), evaluate the uncertainties in the corrected data during arcjet events, and discuss limitations and considerations for arcjet correction in the GOES‐R series magnetometers.
High‐energy high‐power near‐diffraction‐limited 1064 and 532 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Kornev A.F. , Balmashnov R.V. , Viktorov E.A. , Davtian A.S. , Koval V.V. , Makarov A.M. , Kuchma I.G. 
Published: January 2020

The authors describe a diode‐pumped Nd:YAG laser that produces 920 mJ output energy pulses with a pulse duration of 76 ps at 200 Hz pulse repetition rate. Second‐harmonic generation with a pulse energy of 730 mJ and pulse duration of 63 ps was obtained by using LiB3O5 crystal with II‐type phase matching. The output beam divergence was about 1.5 × DL (the diffraction limit) and 1.9 × DL for 1064 and 532 nm wavelengths, respectively.
Optimal configuration of the energy storage system in ADN considering energy storage operation strategy and dynamic characteristic
Authors: Gong Qingwu , Wang Yubo , Fang Jintao , Qiao Hui , Liu Dong 
Published: January 2020

To meet the needs of energy storage system configuration with distributed power supply and its operation in the active distribution network (ADN), establish the dynamics of the all‐vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system (BESS). On this basis, an energy storage operation of ADN strategy is proposed to stabilise the power fluctuation of the system. The energy storage configuration model with optimising objectives such as the fixed cost, operating cost, direct economic benefit and environmental benefit of the BESS in the life cycle of the energy is constructed, and the energy storage installation capacity, power and installation position are used as decision variables, which are solved by the dynamic programming algorithm. On the basis of case 33 and case 69 node examples and typical daily load and distributed generations output curve, the simulation analysis is carried out to obtain the optimal configuration result. At the same time, the system tie‐line power and the dynamic characteristics of the energy storage system before and after the installation of the energy storage device are obtained. The simulation results show the validity of the model.
TCAD simulation of a double L‐shaped gate tunnel field‐effect transistor with a covered source–channel
Authors: Xie Haiwu , Liu Hongxia , Han Tao , Li Wei , Chen Shupeng , Wang Shulong 
Published: January 2020

In this work, the authors propose and simulate a double L‐shaped gate tunnel field‐effect transistor (DLG‐TFET) with the covered source–channel. The proposed structure improves the ON‐state current by increasing the linear tunnelling area and has excellent subthreshold characteristics. The simulation focuses on the performance improvement of the device under different longitudinal gate length Lg, interlayer silicon thickness Tsi, gate and source overlap length Lov, and covered source depth Ls. For optimal parameters, the ON‐state current of the proposed DLG‐TFET increases up to 3.53 × 10−5 A/μm, and the current switch ratio(Ion/Ioff) is 4.28 × 1011 at room temperature, moreover, a minimum subthreshold swing (SSmin) and an average subthreshold swing (SSave) are as low as 32.2 and 52.9 mV/Dec, respectively. Meanwhile, this work uses mixed device‐circuit simulations to predict the performance of the inverter circuit implemented with proposed DLG‐TFET.
Photo-Biocatalytic Cascades for the Synthesis of Volatile Sulfur Compounds and Chemical Building Blocks
Authors: Castagnolo Daniele , Lauder Kate 
Published: January 2020

Biocatalysis is a branch of catalysis that exploits enzymes to perform highly stereoselective chemical transformations under mild and sustainable conditions. This Synpact highlights how biocatalysis can be used in the synthesis of chiral 1,3-mercaptoalkanols, an important class of compounds responsible for the flavours and aromas of many foods and beverages. The identification of two ketoreductase (KRED) enzymes able to reduce prochiral ketone precursors enantioselectively to 1,3-mercaptoalkanols bearing a C–O stereocentre is presented. In addition, the combination of a photocatalytic thia-Michael reaction to access prochiral ketones with subsequent KRED-biocatalysed reduction in a one-pot cascade is presented. Photo-biocatalysed cascades represent one of the new and most intriguing challenges in synthetic chemistry, because the combination of different catalytic methodologies in domino processes offers unique opportunities to outperform sequential reactions with a high degree of selectivity and the avoidance of the need to isolate reaction intermediates.1	Introduction2	Biocatalytic Synthesis of 1,3-Mercaptoalkanols3	Photo-Biocatalytic Synthesis of 1,3-Mercaptoalkanols4	Photo-Biocatalysed Cascade Reactions5	Conclusions
Uniform spheroid formation on a laboratory-made, low cell attachment surface consisting of a chitin sheet
Authors: Inubushi Yusaku , Tachibana Akira 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We utilized the reaction of chitosan with acetic anhydride to form a chitin gel. This gel was then dried, which formed a chitin sheet. The procedure was extremely easy for a biologist unfamiliar with materials engineering. Spheroids derived from HEK293T cells were formed on the chitin sheet, because the spheroids slightly attached and slowly moved on the chitin sheet.
The feeding preference of sunda scops-owl (Otus lempiji horsfield) to bait
Authors: Aswari R L , Priyambodo S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Oil palm is the most important plantation commodities in Indonesia due to planting area and productivity. There are some constrains faced by oil palm management, one of them is plant pest including insects and rats. Insects and rats have a high reproduction capability and severely damage to oil palm plantation. An effective and environmentally control of these pests using natural enemies, one of them owl. The sunda scops-owl (Otus lempiji Horsfield) was tested in the Laboratory of Vertebrate Pest, IPB University using different types of feed, to calculate the level of bait preference. Method used was bi-choice test, comparing the feeding of preference bait between: (a) rat and larvae of beetle, (b) rat and lizard, (c) rat and fish, (d) rat and cricket. Before and after treatment, all baits were weighed to determine the amount consumption and preference to feed. The data showed that the sunda scops-owl consumed rat higher than larvae of beetle, lizard, fish, and cricket, and significantly different.
Proposed parameter for the characterization of friction in cylindrical gears teeth contact
Authors: Alaci S , Bujoreanu C , Petrea N D , Ciornei F C , Irimescu L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Gear mechanisms are widely used in technical applications, mainly for transmitting rotational motion between two axes with constant transmission ratio via a higher pair. Significant friction energy loss in the pair between teeth highlights the importance of estimating the mechanical work lost by friction within this contact. In a previous study, the coefficient of rolling friction between a cylindrical body and a flat face body was found based on the decrease of oscillations amplitude of a cycloidal pendulum. The basic idea of the present paper follows the observation that in the case of a gear mechanism, the relative motion between the wheels can be taken as relative motion of their axodes. In this regard, a pendulum obtained from a mobile cylindrical gear with attached rod and a fixed corresponding rack is considered. The law of motion of the cycloidal pendulum is applied for the proposed pendulum and an “equivalent rolling friction coefficient” which characterises the friction between the teeth of the pinion and the rack is found. The differential equation modelling the motion of the pinion-rack pendulum is difficult to obtain, which is explained by the analysis of the involute gear field of a general cylindrical gear mechanism.
Preliminary theoretical results of limited slip couplings
Authors: Gatu V , Predescu A , Stoicescu A I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Limited slip couplings are a solution for the traction of an all-wheel drive vehicle. The limited slip coupling can be mounted between the front and rear differentials for torque distribution, but also on a front or rear axle to distribute torque between two wheels Theoretical analysis is performed with a software plug-in with computed fluid dynamics. One of the most important features of a four wheel drive system is the control of the torque transmitted to the wheels. In order to get as much power as possible to the ground, the torque has to be divided among the four wheels to minimize the wheel spin. The limited slip coupling deals with this problem in a new, and, from many points a view, better way. The coupling can be compared to a hydraulic piston pump, which is driven by the slip between input and output shafts. The oil flow from the pump results in an oil pressure that is controlled by a throttle valve. The oil pressure compresses a wet multi-plate clutch that derivers torque to the output shaft. The torque on the output shaft is proportional to the oil pressure. Without the throttle valve the coupling would transfer the torque whenever there is differential rotational speed between the two shafts. One of the objectives of this paper is to present the importance of using CAD and CFD programs and to simulate the behavior of the coupling introducing a momentum, an energy and the material used for the disks, and to obtain results for heat flux and temperature.
Preliminary study of friction in automotive ball joints
Authors: Muscă I , Românu I C , Gagea A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present paper offers a brief description of the testing equipment, experimental methodology and some results regarding the motion resistive effort in automotive ball joints. The local ball joints manufacturers have difficulties in controlling the clamping force of the ball joints in the production process. Due to this, an original experimental device was conceived and built in order to evaluate the magnitude and evolution of internal friction between the joint’s surfaces. The experimental setup’s main advantage is the capacity of controlling and maintaining a constant clamping force and that it ensures a constant motion of the ball stud. The force magnitude was recorded using resistive transducers connected to a data acquisition system. The numerical values were recorded and used to analyse the mobility of the tested ball joints.
Surface roughness influence on active surfaces geometry and modified rating life of rolling contacts
Authors: Benchea M , Creţu S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The active surfaces topography of bodies in rolling contact can be obtained by different manufacturing technology. The scope of this paper is to evidence the influence of the initial surface roughness on running-in process, working surface geometry and durability of rolling contacts. The paper presents a numerical study applied on a toroidal roller bearing where the modified rating lives have been evaluated with the methodologies mentioned by ISO 16281.
Fractal evaluation aspects in characterizing the roughness of a driving wheel from a locomotive
Authors: Babici L. , Tudor A. , Romeu Garbi J. , Stoica M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For comprehending tribological phenomena such as wear, friction, contact deformation and tightness of contact joints is the essential characterisation of the multiple scale topography of roughness surfaces. Wheel roughness obtained through direct measurement and then a description of wheel roughness has been obtained using the fractal function. The statistical parameters and fractal sizes for drive wheels which ran 2000 km and another ones new wheels have been analysed.By registering the results and programmable automaton of the roughness, the principal statistical characteristics were determined to be stands out the Abbott-Firestone curve and respectively, the fractal character. The appearance of roughness on the surface of the wheel causes the production of vertical vibrations that act on the complex wheel-rail system.In the analysis of the wheel irregularity, the fractal geometry was applied, so that to obtain the fractal parameters Dw, respectively Ltw (opothesy length), the method of the structure function was used [1, 2]. Therefore, the experimental measurement and obtained results processed presented.
An Experimental Approach to Predict the Behaviour of EHD Contacts under Harmonic Loading
Authors: Zhang X , Glovnea R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Rolling element bearings, gears and other machine components operate in the lubrication regime known as elastohydrodynamic (EHD), where lubricant film thickness is governed by the hydrodynamic action of the converging surfaces, the elastic deformation of the non-conforming surfaces and the increase of lubricant’s viscosity with pressure. Classic EHD theory indicates that under the assumption of fully flooded conditions in the contact inlet zone the central film thickness increases with the product of entrainment speed and dynamic viscosity and is very little dependent of load variations. EHD lubricating films most often work under transient conditions of load, geometry or speed. These make the behaviour of the lubricant film different from steady-state conditions. Previous studies showed that the squeeze effect generates film perturbations due to entrapment of lubricant inside the contact. This phenomenon becomes significant when both entrainment and squeeze are presented. In practical applications, this type of film perturbation will generate pressure fluctuations, which in turn may influences the fatigue life of the contact. In the present paper the results of a systematic experimental study for predicting the occurrence of film thickness perturbation phenomenon under variable load condition are shown. In the case of a mean load larger than the amplitude of the load variation, it was found that the film perturbation depends of the frequency of the load cycle, the entrainment speed of the lubricant and the overall lubricant film thickness; it also depends of the ratios between the mean load and the amplitude. Film perturbations occur in contacts for which the ratio between half the load cycle period and the average time of transit of the lubricant through the contact in the loading phase of the vibration is less than 2. In the case of mean load smaller than the amplitude, film thickness perturbation has been observed in every single test regardless of entrainment speed, frequency and lubricant viscosity.
Tribological behavior of rapeseed oil additivated with boron nitride
Authors: Guglea D , Ionescu T F , Dima D , Georgescu C , Deleanu L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents results of testing the coarse rapeseed oil additivated with 1%wt hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Tests are done on a four-ball machine from the laboratory LubriTest, at “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Tests were done in mild regime (recommended for applications) and in severe regime. The mild test parameters were: load on the main shaft of the machine (100 N, 200 N and 300 N) and the sliding speed of 0.38 m/s, 0.53 m/s and 0.69 m/s, test duration 1 h. Severe test were run in step of 50 N till 900 N, each test being run for 1 minute at 0.53 m/s. The concentration of 1%wt hBN does not improve the friction coefficient, but it makes it stable for a larger domain of test parameters. The wear rate of wear scar diameter was lower than that obtained with the base oil, especially for high loads. Also, the paper presents the influence of the additive on the temperature of oil bath and the wear load curve of the neat oil and the additivated one. The additivation of rapeseed oil with hNB is still efficient for the tested ranges of load as compared to the rapeseed oil. The load-wear curve for the severe regime points out a sudden increase of wear scar diameter (WSD) for the rapeseed oil +1% hNB at 700 N, but the neat vegetal oil starts the increase of WSD at 550 N, followed by a greater slope, meaning the additive protect the rubbing surfaces under these high loads.