bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing and vision care provided to older people residing in care homes: a cross-sectional survey of care home staff
Authors: Andrusjak Wendy , Barbosa Ana , Mountain Gail 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Hearing and vision loss in older people has been proven to affect physical and mental health and increase the speed of cognitive decline. Studies have demonstrated that certain practices and improved staff knowledge increase the effective care of residents’ ears and eyes, yet it is not known which practices are being implemented in care homes. This study aimed to identify the gaps in staff knowledge regarding hearing and vision difficulties in older residents, and which practices known to improve ear and eye care in older care home residents are not commonly implemented in care homes in England.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey design. Survey questions were informed by the existing literature and were focused on practices, staff knowledge, and other aspects that have shown to affect residents’ hearing and vision care. A convenience sample of care home staff were recruited from care homes across England between November 2018 and February 2019 via email and in paper format. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square analysis were applied to identify the factors influencing the care being provided to care home residents. Results: A total of 400 care home staff responded from 74 care homes. The results revealed that less than half of staff respondents reported to use screening tools to identify hearing (46%) and vision impairments (43.8%); that care homes rarely have limited access to other assistive devices for hearing (16%) and vision loss (23.8%), and that audiology services do not regularly assess care home residents (46.8%). A majority of staff who responded were not confident in ear and eye care. Responses were found to be influenced by the respondents’ job role, length of time working in care homes and also the care home type and care home size. Findings confirmed a lack of standardised practice and the importance of shared communication for promulgation of best practice.Conclusion: This study has identified that some practices known to facilitate ear and eye care are not commonly applied in a sample of English care homes. It has also shown that care home staff knowledge of ear and eye care is inconsistent. The information derived from this survey can be used to inform guidelines for best practice and inform needs for future research.
A general solution to broad-spectrum vaccine design for rapidly mutating viruses
Authors: Glanville Jacob , Ives Sarah , Bürckert Jean-Philippe , Pettus Christina , Peñate Karina Reyna , Hovde Rachel , Bayless Nicholas , Shanghavi Devanshi , Glanville Keith , Calgua Erwin , Youssef Sawsan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rapidly evolving pathogens pose a challenge to vaccine design, as their mutations render previous vaccine responses obsolete. For influenza, conserved epitopes on the viral coat proteins have been identified, but mysteriously they are missed by the antibodies elicited by most vaccine recipients [1, 2]. In simulated immunizations using 263 million antibody-hemagglutinin (HA) structural docking solutions, non-conserved epitopes were immunodominant when HAs were immunized at standard concentrations. However, by vaccinating with a pool of 30 diverse and dilute HA variants, B-cells that recognize broadly-conserved epitopes across HA receive up to 30-fold higher antigen dose, with concentration being linearly correlated to conservation on a per epitope basis. If individual variants are at concentrations below the minimum threshold of immune activation, then cross-reactive B-cells will be preferentially elicited. In pig immunizations, the approach induced a broad-spectrum antibody response against a panel of 36 strains from 1918-2014, including all pandemic strains from the past century and multiple strains not in the vaccine. In further swine studies with a vaccine containing HAs from 1918-2008, we observe broad-spectrum neutralizing responses against 6 future heterologous strains, including pandemic strains, spanning H1N1 2009-2017 and H3N2 2009-2014. Our results support a greater understanding of why non-conserved epitopes are immunodominant, as well as indicate a general solution to overcome this in broad-spectrum vaccine design.
The Experience of Australian General Practice Patients at High Risk of Poor Health Outcomes with Telehealth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Javanparast Sara , Roeger Leigh , Kwok Heilie , Reed Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the potential decrease in access and utilisation of general practice services and its impact on patient care. In March 2020, the Australian Government introduced telehealth services to ensure that people more vulnerable to COVID-19 do not delay routine care from their general practitioners. Evidence about patients’ experience of telehealth and its impact on patient care is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the experience with telehealth by Australian general practice patients at high risk of poor health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 30 patients from nine general practices in metropolitan Adelaide (May-June 2020). Participants were identified by their regular doctor as being at high risk of poor health outcomes. Interviews sought participants’ perspectives and experiences about telehealth services in the general practice setting during COVID-19, and the value of offering continued telehealth services post pandemic. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using a coding structure developed based on deductive codes derived from the research questions and any additional concepts that emerged inductively from interviews. Results: Participants expressed satisfaction with telehealth including convenient and timely access to general practice services. Yet, participants identified challenges including difficulties in expressing themselves and accessing physical exams. Prescription renewal, discussing test results and simple follow-ups were the most common reasons that telehealth was used. Telehealth was mainly via phone that better suited those with low digital literacy. Participants indicated that an existing doctor-patient relationship was important for telehealth services to be effective. Subjects believed that telehealth services should be continued but needed to be combined with opportunities for face-to-face consultations after the COVID-19 pandemic was over. Conclusions: The expansion of telehealth supported access to general practice including chronic disease management during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the future, telehealth in Australia is likely to have a stronger place in primary healthcare policy and practice and an increased acceptance amongst patients.
Correlation between vaulting intraoperative and postoperative of EVO implantable Collamer lens: a retrospective study of real-time observations of vaulting using the RESCAN 700 system
Authors: Guan Nian , Zhang Xiao-Nong , Zhang Wan-Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The prediction of implantable Collamer lens (ICL) vaulting is one of the most important parameters for ICL implantation for safety, aqueous humor circulation, and lens transparency.Methods: This was a retrospective study. A RESCAN 700 was used for intraoperative observation of vaulting. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used for imaging. Results: Finally, 51 patients (102 eyes) were included in the study. Compared with the eyes with normal vaulting, those with high vaulting had higher preoperative diopter values (P=0.039), lower preoperative corrected visual acuity (P=0.006), lower preoperative intraocular pressure (P=0.029), higher preoperative anterior chamber depth (P=0.004), lower preoperative crystalline lens rise (P=0.046), higher ICL spherical equivalent (P=0.030), higher intraoperative vaulting (P<0.001), and lower intraocular pressure at 1 month (P=0.045). The multivariable analysis showed that the only factors independently associated with high vaulting at 1 month after surgery was the intraoperative vaulting value (odds ratio=1.005, 95% confidence interval: 1.002-1.007, P<0.001). The intraoperative and 1-month postoperative vaulting values were correlated (R2=0.562).Conclusions: The RESCAN700 system can be used to perform intraoperative optical coherence tomography to predict the vaulting value at 1 month.
Research on influence of physical activity on medical expenditure in the elderly in China—Based on CHARLS in 2015
Authors: Hong Chenlu , Wu Fei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Becoming more and more serious of such problems as acceleration of aging and high medical burden of the elderly in China, research on the influence of physical activity on medical expenditure in the elderly has attracted a lot of attention. In this work, Tobit model is established based on the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015 and Behavioral Model of Health Services Use theoretical framework. Compared with the inactive elderly, the medical expenditure of the elderly who participate in the level 4, 3, 2 physical activity decreasing step by step. After involving need factors in the model, the influence of physical activity on medical expenditure varies from significant to insignificant. The medical expenditure of the elderly who meet the physical activity amount is negatively correlated with the physical activity amount, and is lower than that of the elderly who don’t meet physical activity amount. Physical activity will not directly affect medical expenditure, but will affect medical expenditure through chronic diseases and self-rated health status. Our results provide theoretical analysis and empirical test for enriching physical activity guidelines and Behavioral Model of Health Services Use in the elderly in China.
Community Based Case Control Study on Effect of Nutrition Education Intervention on Predictors and Prevalence of Anaemia among Children aged 6 to 59 months in Pastoralist and Agro-Pastoralist community of Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Guled Rashid , Mamat Nik , Bakar Wan Azdie Abu , Belachew Tefera , Assefa Nega 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Anaemia is one of the major public health problems. It affects over 1.6 billion individuals of all age groups globally. Ethiopia is one of the seriously affected countries. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of nutrition education intervention (NEI) on anaemia prevalence and its predictors of preschool children in Pastoralist and Agro-pastoralist community of Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia.Methods A group randomized controlled trial was conducted among 404 paired children 6–59 months to mothers/caregivers in two phases. A face-to-face interview for mothers/caregivers using a semi structured questionnaire and haemoglobin measurement of the children was done. The some procedure were repeated after eight months of NEI. Blood haemoglobin (Hb) level of the children were measured using Hemocue 301. SPSS version 20 was used, a chi-square test for categorical and t-test (independent and repeated paired) for continuous variables were performed.Results the overall anaemia prevalence was decreased from 72% at baseline and 51% at post intervention. The majority of this change had occurred in intervention group (79.3–44.8%). The mean Hb level score difference of the difference (DOD) were significantly improved (-1.163, p < 0.001) after NEI. While, intervention group showed significantly higher increment of Hb level (9.4 g/dl – 10.6 g/dl, p < 0.001).Conclusion The NEI has been observed effective and significantly improved the mean haemoglobin level and the anaemia prevalence in intervention group. Therefore, behaviour change communication, using religious leaders and other potential peoples advocating the use of locally available, accessible and affordable nutritious foods with proper infant and young child feeding and basic health services are highly effective to tackle the children’s anaemia status.
Bandgap Control in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors via Coherent Doping of Plasmonic Hot Electrons
Authors: Chen Yu-Hui , Tamming Ronnie , Chen Kai , Zhang Zhepeng , Liu Fengjiang , Zhang Yanfeng , Hodgkiss Justin , Blaikie Richard , Ding Boyang , Qiu Min 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bandgap control is of central importance for semiconductor Technologies. The traditional means of control is to dope the lattice chemically, electrically or optically with charge carriers. Here, we demonstrate for the first time a widely tunable bandgap (renormalisation up to 650 meV at room-temperature) in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors by coherently doping the lattice with plasmonic hot electrons. In particular, we integrate tungsten-disulfide (WS_2) monolayers into a self-assembled plasmonic crystal, which enables coherent coupling between semiconductor excitons and plasmon resonances. Accompanying this process, the plasmon-induced hot electrons can repeatedly fill the WS2 conduction band, leading to population inversion and a significant reconstruction in band structures and exciton relaxations. Our findings provide an innovative and effective measure to engineer optical responses of 2D semiconductors, allowing a great flexibility in design and optimisation of photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Spatiotemporal evolution of the global species diversity of Rhododendron
Authors: Xia Xiao-Mei , Yang Miao-Qin , Li Cong-Li , Huang Si-Xin , Wang Fei , Li Xiao-Hua , Yoichi Watanabe , Zhang Le-Hua , Zheng Yuanrun , Wang Xiao-Quan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
How large cosmopolitan plant genera survived great environmental changes and rediversified remains largely unknown. Here we investigated mechanisms underlying the rediversification of Rhododendron, the largest genus of woody plants in the Northern Hemisphere. Using 3437 orthologous nuclear genes, we reconstructed the first completely resolved and dated phylogeny of Rhododendron. We found that most extant species of Rhododendron originated by Neogene rediversification from Paleogene relicts during southern migration. The geographically uneven rediversification of Rhododendron led to a much higher diversity in Asia than in other continents, which was driven by two main environmental variables, i.e., habitat heterogeneity represented by elevation range and annual precipitation related to the Asian monsoons, and can be explained by leaf functional traits that show strong phylogenetic signals and correspond well with leaf-forms and geographical regions. Our study highlights the importance of integrating phylogenomic and ecological analyses in revealing the spatiotemporal evolution of species-rich cosmopolitan plant genera.
Who pollutes and who suffers from air pollution in India
Authors: Rao Narasimha , Kiesewetter Gregor , Min Jihoon , Pachauri Shonali , Wagner Fabian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the most important environmental risk factor for premature mortality worldwide, and the likely cause of several hundred thousand premature deaths every year in India. Indian households also contribute to ambient PM2.5 to different extents from a number of sources, including biomass-burning cook stoves, transport and industrial manufacturing triggered by household consumption. In this study, we quantify the PM2.5 contributions by source from, as well as the mortality burden suffered by, individual urban and rural income deciles. We find that the impacts are distributed differently from contributions. Indirect emissions associated with household consumption contribute almost twice as much to ambient PM2.5 concentrations as direct emissions from biomass cook stoves. We show that the mortality risk from these indirect sources fall disproportionately on lower-income households, exacerbating the mortality risks they already face from using biomass-burning cook stoves. As a result, economy-wide end-of-pipe controls can reduce inequity in contributions to ambient air pollution. However, due to the overwhelming role of household indoor air pollution in premature deaths among the low-income population, clean cook stoves reduce overall inequality in terms of mortality risks to a far greater extent.
Clustering of multiple lifestyle behaviors among migrant, left-behind and local adolescents in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: He Li , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Weidong , Wang Youfa , Qu Haiyan , Zhao Yang , Lin Danhua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Influence of migration on externalized behavioral problems (e.g., aggressive) among adolescents has been well assessed, yet lifestyle behaviors of migrant, left-behind and local adolescents have been largely overlooked by researchers and policy-makers. Therefore, this study aimed to identify clustering of multiple lifestyle behaviors and their associations with migrant status among Chinese adolescents.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 in Beijing City and Wuwei County. Adolescents self-reported age, gender, family economic status, migrant situation, and lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, sleep, smoke, drink, fruit and vegetable consumption) via a battery of validated questionnaires. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify behavioral clusters using Mplus 7.1. ANOVA, and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine associations between migrant situations and behavioral clusters using SPSS 22.Results: Three distinct behavioral clusters were exhibited among 1,364 students (mean age: 13.41±0.84 years): “low risk” (N=847), “moderate risk” (N=412) and “high risk” (N=105). The “high-risk” cluster had the highest prevalence of adolescents not meeting healthy behavioral recommendations. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of high-risk lifestyle among migrant, left-behind, rural local and urban local adolescents. But migrant adolescents had the lowest prevalence of low-risk lifestyle, followed by left-behind, rural and urban local adolescents. Moreover, compared with urban local, migrant (OR=2.72, 95%CI: 1.88,3.94), left-behind (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.46, 3.55), and rural local (OR=1.76, 95%CI:1.03,3.01) adolescents had a higher risk of moderate-risk lifestyle. Conclusions: Clustering of different lifestyles was observed. To achieve the target of a 15% relative reduction in insufficient physical activity by 2030 and to promote health eating, more attention should be paid on the migrant and left-behind adolescents in China.
Omega-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil supplementation prevents rosiglitazone-induced osteopenia in insulin resistant c57bl/6 mice and in vitro studies.
Authors: Cugno Chiara , Kizhakayil Dhanya , Calzone Rita , Rahman Shaikh , Halade Ganesh , Rahman Md 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rosiglitazone is an effective insulin-sensitizer, however associated with bone loss mainly due to increased bone resorption and bone marrow adiposity. We investigated the effect of the co-administration of fish oil on rosiglitazone-induced bone loss in C57BL/6 mice and the mechanisms underlying potential preventive effect. Mice fed iso-caloric diet supplemented with fish oil exhibited significantly higher levels of bone density in different regions compared to the other groups. In the same cohort of mice, reduced activity of COX-2, enhanced activity of alkaline phosphatase, lower levels of cathepsin k, PPAR-γ and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and higher level of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed.Moreover, fish oil restored rosiglitazone-induced reduction of osteoblast differentiation and up-regulation of adipocyte differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells and inhibited the up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation of RANKL-treated RAW264.7 cells. We finally tested our hypothesis on human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells differentiated in osteocytes and adipocytes confirming the beneficial effect of docosahexaenoic acid during treatment with rosiglitazone, through the downregulation of adipogenic genes, such as adipsin and FABP4 along the PPARg/FABP4 axis, and reducing the capability of osteocytes to switch toward adipogenesis.Fish oil may prevent rosiglitazone-induced bone loss by inhibiting inflammation, osteoclastogenesis and adipogenesis and by enhancing osteogenesis in the bone microenvironment.
Unbiased integration of single cell multi-omics data
Authors: Dou Jinzhuang , Liang Shaoheng , Mohanty Vakul , Cheng Xuesen , Kim Sangbae , Choi Jongsu , Li Yumei , Rezvani Katy , Chen Rui , Chen Ken 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Acquiring accurate single-cell multiomics profiles often requires performing unbiased in silico integration of data matrices generated by different single-cell technologies from the same biological sample. However, both the rows and the columns can represent different entities in different data matrices, making such integration a computational challenge that has only been solved approximately by existing approaches. Here, we present bindSC, a single-cell data integration tool that realizes simultaneous alignment of the rows and the columns between data matrices without making approximations. Using datasets produced by multiomics technologies as gold standard, we show that bindSC generates accurate multimodal co-embeddings that are substantially more accurate than those generated by existing approaches. Particularly, bindSC effectively integrated single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single cell chromatin accessibility sequencing (scATAC-seq) data towards discovering key regulatory elements in cancer cell-lines and mouse cells. It achieved accurate integration of both common and rare cell types (<0.25% abundance) in a novel mouse retina cell atlas generated using the 10x Genomics Multiome ATAC+RNA kit. Further, it achieves unbiased integration of scRNA-seq and 10x Visium spatial transcriptomics data derived from mouse brain cortex samples. Lastly, it demonstrated efficacy in delineating immune cell types via integrating single-cell RNA and protein data. Thus, bindSC, available at https://github.com/KChen-lab/bindSC, can be applied in a broad variety of context to accelerate discovery of complex cellular and biological identities and associated molecular underpinnings in diseases and developing organisms.
Downregulation of B3GNT6 Predicts Poor Outcome in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Yang Chen , Huang Changhao , Zeng Pengwei , Huang Heyuan , Chen Zhikang , Lai Chen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: B3GNT6 encodes the core 3 synthase in O-glycan biosynthesis. It is commonly expressed in the GI tract, while its clinical significance in colorectal cancer remains largely unknown.Methods: We gathered mRNA transcriptomic sequencing data from 3 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE37182, GSE39582, GSE103512) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to compare the B3GNT6 mRNA level between colorectal cancer tissues and normal tissues and to evaluate its value as a prognostic marker. We further validated this in protein level using online database Human Protein Atlas and with immunohistochemical staining of B3GNT6 with our own cohort. Results: B3GNT6 expression was downregulated in colorectal cancer tissue compared with that in normal tissue in both mRNA and in protein level. Downregulation of B3GNT6 was associated with poor overall survival of colorectal cancer in GSE39582 and in TCGA database. Low B3GNT6 mRNA level was significantly associated with chromosome stable (CIN negative) and KRAS mutated group colorectal cancer patient. GSEA revealed that low B3GNT6 level in colorectal cancer is associated with upregulated proteasome activity.Conclusions: Downregulated B3GNT6 was correlated with poor overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. B3GNT6 could be used as a good prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.