bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global variation in diurnal asymmetry in temperature, cloud cover, specific humidity and precipitation and its association with leaf area index
Authors: Cox Daniel T. C. , Maclean Ilya M. D. , Gardner Alexandra S. , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe impacts of the changing climate on the biological world vary across latitudes, habitats and spatial scales. By contrast, the time of day at which these changes are occurring has received relatively little attention. As biologically significant organismal activities often occur at particular times of day, any asymmetry in the rate of change between the daytime and night‐time will skew the climatic pressures placed on them, and this could have profound impacts on the natural world. Here we determine global spatial variation in the difference in the mean annual rate at which near‐surface daytime maximum and night‐time minimum temperatures and mean daytime and mean night‐time cloud cover, specific humidity and precipitation have changed over land. For the years 1983–2017, we derived hourly climate data and assigned each hour as occurring during daylight or darkness. In regions that showed warming asymmetry of >0.5°C (equivalent to mean surface temperature warming during the 20th century) we investigated corresponding changes in cloud cover, specific humidity and precipitation. We then examined the proportional change in leaf area index (LAI) as one potential biological response to diel warming asymmetry. We demonstrate that where night‐time temperatures increased by >0.5°C more than daytime temperatures, cloud cover, specific humidity and precipitation increased. Conversely, where daytime temperatures increased by >0.5°C more than night‐time temperatures, cloud cover, specific humidity and precipitation decreased. Driven primarily by increased cloud cover resulting in a dampening of daytime temperatures, over twice the area of land has experienced night‐time warming by >0.25°C more than daytime warming, and has become wetter, with important consequences for plant phenology and species interactions. Conversely, greater daytime relative to night‐time warming is associated with hotter, drier conditions, increasing species vulnerability to heat stress and water budgets. This was demonstrated by a divergent response of LAI to warming asymmetry.
Associations of aging trajectories for an index of frailty score with mortality and medical and long‐term care costs among older Japanese undergoing health checkups
Authors: Taniguchi Yu , Kitamura Akihiko , Abe Takumi , Kojima Gotaro , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Seino Satoshi , Yokoyama Yuri , Nofuji Yu , Ikeuchi Tomoko , Matsuyama Yutaka , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Shinkai Shoji 
Published: September 2020

AimUsing up to 13 years of repeated‐measures data, we identified aging trajectories for an index in frailty score among older Japanese undergoing health checkups. In addition, we examined whether these trajectories were associated with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality and healthcare costs.MethodsIn total, 1698 adults aged ≥65 years completed annual assessments during 2002–2014. During follow‐up, the average number of follow‐up assessments was 3.9, and the total number of observations was 6373. Frailty was defined by using the following criteria from Fried's phenotype: slowness, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity and weight loss.ResultsWe identified four aging trajectories for frailty. Specifically, 6.5%, 47.3%, 30.3% and 16.0% of participants were in the high, second, third and low trajectory groups, respectively. As compared with the low trajectory group, the high trajectory group had greater risks of cardiovascular disease (adjusted hazard ratios of 3.42) and other‐cause death (adjusted hazard ratios of 3.04). The high trajectory group had the highest medical costs until late in the eighth decade of life, costs decreased after age 70 years and were lowest at age 90 years (estimated at $116.7); however, medical and long‐term care costs greatly increased after age 80 years in the second and third trajectory groups.ConclusionsHigher aging trajectories in frailty score were associated with elevated risks for cardiovascular, other‐cause and all‐cause death among older Japanese receiving health checkups. Medical and care needs greatly increased for the second and third trajectory groups when their frailty level was progressed in later life. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1072–1078..
Acupuncture as a therapeutic resource for treatment of chronic pain in people with haemophilia
Authors: Oliveira Karen Cristina Pires , Ricciardi Janaina Bosso da Silva , Grillo Cassia Maria , Montebello Maria Imaculada de Lima , Sato Jorge Eji , de Sousa Maria da Luz Rosário 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionChronic pain is common in individuals with severe and moderate haemophilia who did not receive prophylaxis during childhood.ObjectiveTo verify the effectiveness of acupuncture in reducing intensity in chronic pain, changes in quality of life, joint function and impact on treatment satisfaction of haemophilia patients.MethodsSingle‐blinded randomized clinical trial with 28 participants divided into two groups: Acupuncture (G1) treated with traditional unilateral acupuncture (side of greatest referred pain) and Control (G2) treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), with electrodes on the joint of most intense pain. Both groups had a 20‐minute session per week, total of 05 consecutive sessions. Before starting treatment, participants underwent sociodemographic assessment, physical assessment (HJHS), quality of life questionnaire (Haem‐a‐Qol) and treatment expectation (Likert scale). After the end of the fifth session, Haem‐a‐Qol, HJHS and degree of satisfaction (Likert) were performed. The assessment of pain intensity using the visual analogue scale (VAS) was performed before the beginning and after the end of all sessions in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, Bonferroni, t test and chi‐square test (P < .05).ResultsThere was a statistical difference within and between groups G1 and G2 in reduction of VAS. In Haem‐a‐Qol, the groups showed similarity in quality of life. Both groups had high expectations for treatment. G1 presented a better degree of treatment satisfaction than G2. Total HJHS showed no difference within and between groups. Conclusion: Acupuncture was effective in reducing pain intensity in haemophilia patients with chronic joint disease when compared to TENS.
Telehealth for delivery of haemophilia comprehensive care during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: O’Donovan Mairead , Buckley Catherine , Benson Julie , Roche Sheila , McGowan Mark , Parkinson Laura , Byrne Patricia , Rooney Gloria , Bergin Catherine , Walsh Deirdre , Bird Rachel , McGroarty Feargal , Fogarty Helen , Smyth Elizabeth , Ahmed Saad , O’Donnell James S. , Ryan Kevin , O'Mahony Brian , Dougall Alison , O’Connell Niamh M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused an unprecedented impact to haemophilia healthcare delivery. In particular, rapid implementation of telehealth solutions was required to ensure continued access to comprehensive care.AimsTo explore patient and healthcare provider (HCP) experience of telehealth in a European Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre.MethodA systematic evaluation was performed to survey patient and HCP experience and compare clinical activity levels with telehealth to in‐person attendances.ResultsPublic health measures implemented in March 2020 to reduce COVID‐19 spread resulted in a 63% decrease in medical/nursing clinic consultation activity compared to the same period in 2019. Implementation of digital care pathways resulted in marked increase in activity (52% greater than 2019). Importantly, enhanced patient engagement was noted, with a 60% reduction in non‐attendance rates. Survey of patients who had participated in medical/nursing teleconsultations demonstrated that teleconsultations improved access (79%), reduced inconvenience (82%), was easy to use (94%) and facilitated good communication with the HCP (97%). A survey exploring the telemedicine experience of HCPs, illustrated that HCPs were satisfied with teleconsultation and the majority (79%) would like to continue to offer teleconsultation as part of routine patient care. In addition to medical/nursing reviews, continued access to physiotherapy with virtual exercise classes for people with haemophilia and teleconsultation for acute dental issues was equally successful.ConclusionDuring an unprecedented public health emergency, telehealth has enabled continued access to specialized haemophilia comprehensive care. Our novel findings show that this alternative is acceptable to both patients and HCPs and offers future novel opportunities.
The effect of chewing gum on dry mouth, interdialytic weight gain, and intradialytic symptoms: A prospective, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ozen Nurten , Aydin Sayilan Aylin , Mut Dilek , Sayilan Samet , Avcioglu Zeynep , Kulakac Nursen , Ecder Tevfik , Akyolcu Neriman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe major salivary glands can be stimulated by chewing gum to increase saliva flow and decrease xerostomia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chewing gum on dry mouth, interdialytic weight gain, and intradialytic symptoms in hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsThis prospective randomized controlled single‐blind study was conducted with patients who had been treated for at least 6 months with sessions 3 days a week for 4 hours at two HD units. Patients were randomly allocated to chewing gum group or the control group. In the chewing gum group, gum was chewed for 10 minutes six times a day, and when the patients felt mouth dryness or were thirsty. In the nonchewing gum group, gum was not chewed. The patients were followed‐up for 3 months. A total of three saliva samples were taken before starting treatment at the first, 12th, and 36th HD session. Data were collected with the “Visual Analogue Scale (VAS),” “Hemodialysis Patients Fluid Control Scale,” “Dialysis Symptom Index,” and “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” at baseline, week 4, week 8, and week 12.FindingsThe study was completed with a total of 44 patients consisting of 22 patients in the each group. The second and third month VAS values (xerostomia) of the patients in the chewing gum groups were statistically significantly lower than those in the control group (P = 0.014, P < 0.001, respectively). The third month salivary flow rate in the chewing gum group was higher than the values in the control group patients (P < 0.001).DiscussionIt is anticipated that this study will raise nurses' awareness of dry mouth and encourage future studies on interventions to increase the salivary flow rate to prevent or treat dry mouth.
Hidden or unnoticed? Multiple lines of evidence support the recognition of a new species of Pseudocorynopoma (Characidae: Corynopomini)
Authors: Malabarba Luiz R. , Chuctaya Junior , Hirschmann Alice , de Oliveira Eduardo Bitencourt , Thomaz Andréa T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpecies delimitation is a permanent issue in systematics. The increasing recognition of geographically isolated populations as independent lineages allowed by new methods of analysis has inflated the species‐populations dilemma, which involves deciding whether to consider separate lineages as different species or structured genetic populations. This is commonly observed between fishes of adjacent river basins, with some lineages being considered allopatric sister species and others considered isolated populations or variants of the same species. Pseudocorynopoma doriae is a characid diagnosed from its single congener by the number of anal‐fin rays and sexually dimorphic characters of males, including distinct fin colouration. The authors found variation in the colour pattern between isolated populations previously identified as P. doriae but no variation in scale or fin‐ray counts. They analysed molecular evidence at the population level and morphological differences related to life history (e.g., colour dimorphism related to inseminating behaviour). The results provide compelling evidence for the recognition of a new species of Pseudocorynopoma despite the lack of discrete differences in meristic data. The recognition of the new species is consistent with biogeographical evidence for the long‐term isolation of the respective river drainages and with differences between the ichthyofaunal communities of these rivers.
Purpose in Life and Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Replicable Evidence from Two National Samples
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. , Luchetti Martina , Stephan Yannick , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESMotoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait speed in the absence of dementia. Consistent evidence indicates that it predicts dementia and premature mortality. Less is known about its antecedents, particularly the role of psychological function. Purpose in life is an aspect of well‐being that reflects a goal‐oriented and ‐driven life that has been implicated in cognitive aging. We aimed to examine the cross‐sectional association between purpose in life and MCR and to test the hypothesis that purpose is associated with a lower risk of new cases of MCR over an up to 12‐year follow‐up.DESIGNCross‐sectional and longitudinal multi‐cohort design.SETTINGHealth and Retirement Study (HRS) and the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).PARTICIPANTSA total of 6,785 individuals from the HRS and 5,665 from the NHATS.MEASUREMENTSParticipants reported on their purpose in life and cognitive complaints and completed a walking speed assessment. Cognitive complaints and walking speed were assessed again up to 12 years later in HRS and up to 7 years later in NHATS.RESULTSHigher purpose in life was associated with a 33% lower risk of MCR concurrently (meta‐analytic odds ratio = .75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .62–.90; P = .002) and an about 26% lower risk of incident MCR longitudinally (meta‐analytic hazard ratio = .77; 95% CI = .70–.84; P < .001). These associations were significant in each sample, were independent of sociodemographic covariates, and persisted after controlling for personality and health‐related factors (depressive symptoms, physical activity, disease burden).CONCLUSIONPurpose in life is associated with a lower risk of incident MCR, an association that was replicated in two independent samples. Purpose is a malleable aspect of psychological function that is a promising target of intervention for healthier cognitive aging.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders for children aged 8‐12 years
Authors: Katsikogianni Eleni , Schweigert‐Gabler Susette , Krisam Johannes , Orhan Gül , Bissar Abdul , Lux Christopher J. , Schmitter Marc , Giannakopoulos Nikolaos Nikitas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveObjective of this study was to determine whether the diagnostic accuracy of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) is sufficient for use among schoolchildren aged 8‐12 years.MethodsThis prospective cohort study on diagnostic accuracy with calibrated examiners was conducted among 533 children of both sexes aged 8‐12 years, with and without TMD symptoms, selected randomly from the Rhein‐Neckar district. Self‐reporting of non‐dental facial pain was used as the reference standard, against which we calculated the following for the pain‐related items of the DC/TMD (index test): sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, accuracy and 95% Wilson Score confidence intervals. We also calculated the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (AUROC) curve displaying sensitivity and specificity.ResultsOur final sample consisted of 282 children, half of whom reported having facial pain and 3.2% reported sounds from the temporomandibular joints (TMJs).Despite high specificity (90.78%; 95% confidence interval (CI): [84.86%; 94.53%]), sensitivity of the adapted DC/TMD for pain on maximum jaw opening was poor (37.59%; 95% CI: [30.02%; 45.81%]). For pain on palpation, more similar values were recorded for sensitivity (74.47%; 95% CI: [66.69%; 80.95%]) and specificity (70.21%; 95% CI: [62.21%; 77.14%]). The diagnostic odds ratio was >1 for both examinations. The AUROC for pain on opening was 68.39% (95% CI: [62.62%; 74.16%]), and for pain on palpation, it was 74.63% (95% CI: [69.45%; 79.81%]), whereas the combination of both resulted to an AUROC of 74.09% (95% CI: [68.96%; 79.21%]). It was not possible to measure the diagnostic accuracy of the DC/TMD regarding TMJ sounds or jaw‐opening limitations, as they occurred too rarely in our sample.ConclusionIn this study, the diagnostic accuracy of the DC/TMD for TMD‐related pain in children was lower than that recorded for adults in previous studies.
Probiotics in poultry feed: A comprehensive review
Authors: Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E. , El‐Saadony Mohamed T. , Shafi Manal E. , Qattan Shaza Y. A. , Batiha Gaber E. , Khafaga Asmaa F. , Abdel‐Moneim Abdel‐Moneim E. , Alagawany Mahmoud 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of antibiotics to maintain animal well‐being, promote growth and improve efficiency has been practised for more than 50 years. However, as early as the 1950s, researchers identified concern on the development of resistant bacteria for the antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline used in turkeys and broilers respectively. These findings laid the groundwork for agricultural officials to impose stricter regulatory parameters on the use of antibiotics in poultry feeds. Probiotics are live micro‐organisms included in the diet of animals as feed additives or supplements. Commonly known as a direct‐fed microbial, probiotics provide beneficial properties to the host, primarily through action in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the animal. Supplementation of probiotics in the diet can improve animal health and performance, through contributions to gut health and nutrient use. For instance, supplementation of probiotics has been demonstrated to benefit farm animals in immune modulation, structural modulation and increased cytokine production, which positively affect the intestinal mucosal lining against pathogens. Bacillus subtilis has been a popular bacterium used within the industry and was shown to improve intestinal villus height. Increasing the villus height and structure of the crypts in the GIT allows for the improvement of nutrient digestion and absorption. Tight junctions maintain important defences against pathogenic bacteria and cellular homeostasis. Heat stress can be a major environmental challenge in the poultry industry. Heat stress causes the bird to fluctuate its internal core temperature beyond their comfort zone. To overcome such challenges, poultry will attempt to balance its heat production and dissipation through behavioural and physiological adaptation mechanisms.
Difference in Healthcare Usage, Pharmacy Prescriptions, and Healthcare Cost for Special Olympic Athletes Compared to Non‐athletes with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Al‐Heizan Muhammad O. , St. John Brittany , DuBois Lindsay , Niemeier Brandi , Ausderau Karla K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesExamine healthcare usage, pharmacy prescriptions and healthcare cost among people with Intellectual Disability (ID) who participate in Special Olympics (SO) compared to people with ID who do not participate in SO. In addition, a subanalysis was completed to compare SO athletes who participated in the Healthy Athlete program to those who had not.MethodsTen years of data were extracted based on active claim and identification. Final analyses included non‐SO participants and SOWI athletes for healthcare and pharmacy.ResultsSOWI athletes who participated in the Healthy Athlete program had significantly lower healthcare and pharmacy usage, and cost than SOWI athletes who did not participate controlling for race, ethnicity, and age.ConclusionsPublic health programs may have variable levels of effectiveness when addressing health disparities for people with ID.
Iron Availability Modulates the Response of Endosymbiotic Dinoflagellates to Heat Stress
Authors: Reich Hannah G. , Tu Wan‐Chen , Rodriguez Irene B. , Chou Yalan , Keister Elise F. , Kemp Dustin W. , LaJeunesse Todd C. , Ho Tung‐Yuan 
Published: September 2020

Warming and nutrient limitation are stressors known to weaken the health of microalgae. In situations of stress, access to energy reserves can minimize physiological damage. Because of its widespread requirements in biochemical processes, iron is an important trace metal, especially for photosynthetic organisms. Lowered iron availability in oceans experiencing rising temperatures may contribute to the thermal sensitivity of reef‐building corals, which rely on mutualisms with dinoflagellates to survive. To test the influence of iron concentration on thermal sensitivity, the physiological responses of cultured symbiotic dinoflagellates (genusBreviolum; family Symbiodiniaceae) were evaluated when exposed to increasing temperatures (26 to 30°C) and iron concentrations ranging from replete (500 pM Fe’) to limiting (50 pM Fe’) under a diurnal light cycle with saturating radiance. Declines in photosynthetic efficiency at elevated temperatures indicated sensitivity to heat stress. Furthermore, five times the amount of iron was needed to reach exponential growth during heat stress (50 pM Fe′ at 26–28°C vs. 250 pM Fe′ at 30°C). In treatments where exponential growth was reached,Breviolum psygmophilumgrew faster thanB.minutum, possibly due to greater cellular contents of iron and other trace metals. The metal composition ofB.psygmophilumshifted only at the highest temperature (30°C), whereas changes inB.minutumwere observed at lower temperatures (28°C). The influence of iron availability in modulating each alga’s response to thermal stress suggests the importance of trace metals to the health of coral‐algal mutualisms. Ultimately, a greater ability to acquire scarce metals may improve the tolerance of corals to physiological stressors and contribute to the differences in performance associated with hosting one symbiont species over another.
A functional analysis of mitochondrial respiratory chain cytochrome bc1 complex in Gaeumannomyces tritici by RNA silencing as a possible target of carabrone
Authors: Wang Mei , Ren Xingyu , Wang Lanying , Lu Xiang , Han Lirong , Zhang Xing , Feng Juntao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGaeumannomyces tritici, an ascomycete soilborne fungus, causes a devastating root disease in wheat. Carabrone, a botanical bicyclic sesquiterpenic lactone, is a promising fungicidal agent that can effectively control G. tritici. However, the mechanism of action of carabrone against G. tritici remains largely unclear. Here, we used immunogold for subcellular localization of carabrone and the results showed that carabrone is subcellularly localized in the mitochondria of G. tritici. We then explored the functional analysis of genes GtCytc1, GtCytb, and GtIsp of the mitochondrial respiratory chain cytochrome bc1 complex in G. tritici by RNA silencing as a possible target of carabrone. The results showed that the silenced mutant ∆GtIsp is less sensitive to carabrone compared to ∆GtCytc1 and ∆GtCytb. Compared with the control, the activities of complex III in all the strains, except ∆GtIsp and carabrone‐resistant isolate 24‐HN‐1, were significantly decreased following treatment with carabrone at EC20 and EC80 in vitro (40%–50% and 70%–80%, respectively). The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III and the mitochondrial respiration oxygen consumption rates in all the strains, except ∆GtIsp and 24‐HN‐1, were higher with respect to the control when treated with carabrone at EC20 in vivo. The rates of mitochondrial respiration of all strains, except ∆GtIsp, were significantly inhibited following treatment with carabrone at EC80 (ranging from 57% to 81%). This study reveals that the targeting of the iron–sulphur protein encoded by GtIsp is highly sensitive to carabrone and provides a direction for the research of carabrone's target.