bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia increases 1‐year mortality after surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Salman Mohamed A. , Omar Haitham S. E. , Mikhail Hani M. S. , Tourky Mohamed , El‐ghobary Mohamed , Elkassar Hesham , Omar Mahmoud G. , Matter Mohamed , Elbasiouny Ahmed M. , Farag Ayman M. , Shaaban Hossam El‐Din , Atallah Mohamed , Elshabacy Omar , Salman Ahmed A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiver resection is a well‐recognized modality for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cirrhotic patients are more prone to adverse consequences after liver resection. This work assesses the prognostic significance of sarcopenic hepatocellular carcinoma cases for whom surgical resection was performed.MethodsThe present prospective work included 52 cirrhotic cases. Computed tomography scans were used to determine the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the plane of the third lumbar vertebra (L3). L3 SMI was used for the definition of sarcopenia. The primary outcome measure was the predictive value of sarcopenia for 1‐year post‐hepatectomy mortality.ResultsSarcopenia was diagnosed in 27 patients (51.9%). All patients had a Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh score A. At a 1‐year follow‐up, 20 cases died; that is the 1‐year mortality rate was 38.5%. Sarcopenia was more commonly associated with older age and non‐viral causes of cirrhosis. The risk of 1‐year mortality is 7.6 times higher in sarcopenic patients with a risk ratio of 3.7 (95% confidence interval 1.4–9.6).ConclusionSarcopenia diagnosed using L3 SMI is an independent prognostic factor for 1‐year deaths in cases with hepatic malignancy with Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh score A undergoing surgical resection.
Comparison of three‐dimensional and 4K imaging systems in novice surgeons: a cross‐over study
Authors: Rana Abdullah Muhammad , Rana Abdul Ahad , Hewett Peter J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopy has revolutionized the surgical field with the advent of minimally invasive techniques leading to smaller surgical wounds, enhanced recovery, early discharge from the hospital and early return to work. Since the initiation of three‐dimensional (3D) systems, studies have failed to prove significant advantages over traditional two‐dimensional systems which could be attributed to suboptimal image quality, poor illumination and high cost of earlier systems. Recent advances in stereoscopy have led to the introduction of high‐definition (HD) systems with improvement in image quality in both two‐dimensional and 3D systems. With HD and new 4K imaging system, the previous data are now obsolete.MethodsWe devised a cross‐over study using the Olympus 4K camera imaging system compared with the HD 3D systems using 40 novice surgeons with no prior surgical skills to perform standardized surgical tasks and the groups were crossed over to assess any difference in the learning curve with the imaging systems.ResultsThe data showed a statistically significant difference in errors performed with the 3D imaging system with reduction in errors for passing needle through a ring, knot tying, cutting circle and touching circles with a needle. The time taken to perform those tasks was comparable except in knot tying where there was significant reduction in the time taken to tie knots with a P‐value of <0.001 in both groups.ConclusionThe study showed no significant difference in the time to perform tasks. The precision of the tasks was significantly improved with the 3D systems.
Pupillary light responses in type 1 and type 2 diabetics with and without retinopathy
Authors: Ba‐Ali Shakoor , Brøndsted Adam Elias , Andersen Henrik Ullits , Jennum Poul , Lund‐Andersen Henrik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the function of rod/cones and melanopsin in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with and without non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).MethodsWe performed pupillometry on 22 healthy controls and four diabetic groups: 12 T1DM patients without NPDR and 12 with moderate NPDR, and 16 T2DM patients without NPDR and 12 with moderate NPDR. Monocular stimulations of 20 seconds with red (λ = 633 nm) and blue light (λ = 463 nm) at ~15 log quanta/cm2/second were performed. The primary outcome was the melanopsin‐mediated late redilation phase of postillumination pupillary light response (PIPRLate) to blue light. The secondary outcomes were the mixed rod/cone and melanopsin responses, that is maximal pupil constriction and the early redilation phase of PIPR (PIPREarly).ResultsLate redilation phase of PIPR (PIPRLate) to blue and red light stimuli was not significantly different between healthy control and the four diabetic groups (n.s.). The maximal pupil contractions to blue light stimulus were significantly reduced in T1DM patients as well as in T2DM patients with NPDR (p ≤ 0.02), whereas for red light stimuli, the maximal pupil constriction was only reduced in T2DM with NPDR (p < 0.01). Early redilation phase of PIPR (PIPREarly) to blue and red light stimuli was not significantly different between healthy controls and diabetic patients (n.s.).ConclusionNeither the PIPREarly nor the PIPRLate was significantly reduced in diabetics with or without NPDR compared to healthy controls. The reduced maximal pupil constrictions in diabetics with NPDR indicate decreased mixed rod/cone and melanopsin responses.
Neonatal vitamin D status and myopia in young adult men
Authors: Specht Ina Olmer , Jacobsen Nina , Frederiksen Peder , Heitmann Berit L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThe prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide, and modifiable risk factors are thus important to identify. Season of birth has been associated with later myopia risk. Neonatal vitamin D status is highly dependent on season of birth due to maternal sun exposure late in gestation. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to low levels of vitamin D can interfere with visual development in term‐born infants and that this might contribute to adult visual dysfunction. The aim of this study was thus to compare neonatal vitamin D levels from stored dried blood spots taken shortly after birth among young term‐born men with myopia (cases) and random controls with emmetropia.MethodsIn this case–control study, we analysed neonatal 25(OH)D3 levels of 457 myopic male cases and 1280 emmetropic male controls assessed for myopia at the mandatory Danish conscript examination. Data were analysed using logistic regression analysis and results presented as crude and adjusted for potential confounders namely maternal age, maternal ethnicity, maternal and paternal education and season of birth.ResultsWe did not observe a seasonal variation in myopia risk, neither did we observe increased odds of myopia in relation to low neonatal 25(OH)D3 levels.ConclusionThe rapid increase in myopia does not seem related to neonatal vitamin D status.
Moral injury from war and other severe trauma
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , Al‐Zaben Faten N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMoral injury (MI) is a relatively new syndrome among military personnel with symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While MI has received considerable attention in the psychological sciences, the syndrome has received relatively little notice within psychiatry. MI has been defined as the negative emotions that emerge from transgressing moral boundaries by military personnel during combat such as killing enemy combatants or innocent civilians, failing to protect innocents or fellow combatants, or observing others transgress moral boundaries. MI may also be frequent among civilians and health professionals, although, as in military personnel, is often unrecognized.
Ensuring meaningful access to easy‐to‐read information: A case study
Authors: Callus Anne‐Marie , Cauchi Dorianne 
Published: January 2020

Accessible SummaryThis article is about easy‐to‐read information and how to make sure that it is really accessible for people with intellectual disability.We carried out research in a day centre and spoke to service users and staff about how they use easy‐to‐read information.We found that there are a lot of factors which influence the lives of service users with intellectual disability and the use of easy‐to‐read documents.AbstractBackgroundThis article presents research on the use of easy‐to‐read documents to ensure meaningful access to information for persons with intellectual disability. The research questions focus on the factors that influence the use of easy‐to‐read documents and what needs to be considered to ensure that these documents are used meaningfully.Materials and MethodsA case study was carried out in a day centre for persons with intellectual disability in Malta, using a focus group, an interview and an observation session as research tools. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, in conjunction with the social model of disability and an adapted version of Bronfenbrenner's ecosystem model.ResultsThe research found that the effectiveness of easy‐to‐read documents is contingent on a multiplicity of factors which interact with one another.ConclusionEasy‐to‐read forms can become more meaningful if these factors are attended to within the wider context.
Bats use live fences to move between tropical dry forest remnants
Authors: Martínez‐Fonseca José G. , Chávez‐Velásquez Marlon , Williams‐Guillen Kimberly , Chambers Carol L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLinear features can benefit wildlife by assisting animal movement. We captured bats along barbed‐wire and live‐tree fences connecting tropical dry forest patches in Nicaragua. Bat species richness and captures were higher along live fences but we noted differences in sex ratios, richness, and species composition compared to surrounding natural forests.Abstract in Spanish is available with online only
Shared Book Reading in Preschool Supports Bilingual Children’s Second‐Language Learning: A Cluster‐Randomized Trial
Authors: Grøver Vibeke , Rydland Veslemøy , Gustafsson Jan‐Eric , Snow Catherine E. 
Published: January 2020

This cluster‐randomized controlled study examined dual language learners (DLLs) in Norway who received a book‐based language intervention program. About 464 DLLs aged 3–5 years in 123 early childhood classrooms participated in the study. The children were acquiring Norwegian as their second language in preschool and spoke a variety of first languages at home. They received a researcher‐developed intervention that was organized around loosely scripted, content‐rich shared reading in school and at home. Receiving the intervention had significant impacts on the children’s second‐language skills (effect sizes of d = .25–.66). In addition to supporting second‐language vocabulary and grammar, the program with its focus on perspective taking during shared reading resulted in impacts on children’s ability to shift perspectives and understand others’ emotional states.
Removing gender barriers: Promoting inclusion for trans and non‐binary carers in fostering and adoption
Authors: Brown Claire , Rogers Michaela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper offers a conceptually informed analysis of fostering and adoption social work and argues for more consistent inclusion of trans and non‐binary people. The conceptual framework through which we explore current policy and practice is set out to provide clarity about the ways in which we employ the concepts of trans, gender diversity, and cisgenderism (a prejudicial ideology). We employ the notion of cisgenderism as a critical lens through which to overview fostering and adoption social work within the context of trans inclusion. Focus is turned to the existing literature relevant to trans parenting, trans‐headed families, and the field of fostering and adopting. We highlight significant knowledge gaps in this regard. We then argue that if fostering and adoption social work is to embody inclusive practice with trans people, a new culture must be embedded to promote collaborative working, enhance knowledge, and improve service provision. The paper concludes by asserting that such an approach must be underpinned by an understanding, acceptance, and appreciation of people who identify as trans and/or as non‐binary.
Blockade of JAK2 protects mice against hypoxia‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by repressing pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Yi , Wu Guorao , Rao Lizong , Wei Yanqiu , Yue Huihui , Yuan Ting , Yang Ping , Xiong Fei , Zhang Shu , Zhou Qing , Chen Zhishui , Li Jinxiu , Mo Bi‐Wen , Zhang Huilan , Xiong Weining , Wang Cong‐Yi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesHypoxia is an important risk factor for pulmonary arterial remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is believed to be involved in this process. In the present report, we aimed to investigate the role of JAK2 in vascular smooth muscle cells during the course of PAH.MethodsSmooth muscle cell (SMC)‐specific Jak2 deficient mice and their littermate controls were subjected to normobaric normoxic or hypoxic (10% O2) challenges for 28 days to monitor the development of PAH, respectively. To further elucidate the potential mechanisms whereby JAK2 influences pulmonary vascular remodelling, a selective JAK2 inhibitor was applied to pre‐treat human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) for 1 hour followed by 24‐hour hypoxic exposure.ResultsMice with hypoxia‐induced PAH were characterized by the altered JAK2/STAT3 activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Therefore, induction of Jak2 deficiency in SMCs protected mice from hypoxia‐induced increase of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodelling. Particularly, loss of Jak2 significantly attenuated chronic hypoxia‐induced PASMC proliferation in the lungs. Similarly, blockade of JAK2 by its inhibitor, TG‐101348, suppressed hypoxia‐induced human PASMC proliferation. Upon hypoxia‐induced activation, JAK2 phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which then bound to the CCNA2 promoter to transcribe cyclin A2 expression, thereby promoting PASMC proliferation.ConclusionsOur studies support that JAK2 could be a culprit contributing to the pulmonary vascular remodelling, and therefore, it could be a viable target for prevention and treatment of PAH in clinical settings.
Investigating assumptions of vulnerability: A case study of the exclusion of psychiatric inpatients as participants in genetic research in low‐ and middle‐income contexts
Authors: Palk Andrea C. , Bitta Mary , Kamaara Eunice , Stein Dan J. , Singh Ilina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPsychiatric genetic research investigates the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders with the aim of more effectively understanding, treating, or, ultimately, preventing such disorders. Given the challenges of recruiting research participants into such studies, the potential for long‐term benefits of such research, and seemingly minimal risk, a strong claim could be made that all non‐acute psychiatric inpatients, including forensic and involuntary patients, should be included in such research, provided they have capacity to consent. There are tensions, however, regarding the ethics of recruiting psychiatric inpatients into such studies. In this paper our intention is to elucidate the source of these tensions from the perspective of research ethics committee interests and decision‐making. We begin by defining inpatient status and outline some of the assumptions surrounding the structures of inpatient care. We then introduce contemporary conceptions of vulnerability, including Florencia Luna’s account of vulnerability which we use as a framework for our analysis. While psychiatric inpatients could be subject to consent‐related vulnerabilities, we suggest that a particular kind of exploitation‐related vulnerability comes to the fore in the context of our case study. Moreover, a subset of these ethical concerns takes on particular weight in the context of genetic research in low‐ and middle‐income countries. At the same time, the automatic exclusion of inpatients from research elicits justice‐related vulnerabilities.
Children and adolescents with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium Registries: comparing clinical characteristics and glycaemic control
Authors: Van Name M. A. , Cheng P. , Gal R. L. , Kollman C. , Lynch J. , Nelson B. , Tamborlane W. V. ,   for the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the characteristics of children and adolescents with type 1 vs. type 2 diabetes in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) registries.MethodsParticipants were 10 to < 21 years of age at diagnosis; there were 484 with type 1 diabetes and 1236 with type 2 diabetes.ResultsChildren and adolescents with type 2 diabetes were more likely to be female, overweight/obese, and from low‐income, minority ethnic families. Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were more likely to present with diabetic ketoacidosis and have higher mean HbA1c levels at diagnosis. More than 70% in both cohorts achieved target HbA1c levels < 58 mmol/mol (< 7.5%) within 6 months, but fewer participants with type 1 than type 2 diabetes were able to maintain target HbA1c levels after 6 months consistently throughout 3 years post diagnosis. Of the 401 participants with type 2 diabetes with ≥ 24 months diabetes duration on enrolment in the registry, 47% required no insulin treatment. Median C‐peptide levels were 1.43 mmol/l in the subset of participants with type 2 diabetes in whom it was measured, but only 0.06 mmol/l in the subset with type 1 diabetes.ConclusionsAlthough families of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes face greater socio‐economic obstacles and risk factors for poor diabetes outcomes, the greater retention of residual endogenous insulin secretion likely contributes to the increased ability of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes to maintain target HbA1c during the first 3 years of diabetes diagnosis.
Comparison of the glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 receptor agonists dulaglutide and liraglutide for the management of diabetes in solid organ transplant: A retrospective study
Authors: Singh Priyamvada , Taufeeq Maryam , Pesavento Todd E. , Washburn Kenneth , Walsh Debbie , Meng Shumei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) are gaining popularity in the management of diabetes in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. There are no studies available comparing the two GLP‐1RAs dulaglutide and liraglutide in SOT. We performed a retrospective chart review to assess the safety and effectiveness of these agents in adult SOT with diabetes at 6, 12 and 24 months. There were 63 and 25 recipients on dulaglutide and liraglutide, respectively. There was a sustained reduction in primary endpoints of weight, BMI and insulin requirement with dulaglutide when compared to liraglutide. Decrease in weight was 2%, 4% and 5.2% with dulaglutide and 0.09%, 0.87% and 0.89% with liraglutide at 6, 12 and 24 months respectively. BMI reduction followed the same trend in the two groups. The percentage reduction for insulin was 26% with dulaglutide and 3.6% with liraglutide. There was a 10% reduction in creatinine and a 15% increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the end of 24 months with dulaglutide. However, there was an increase in creatinine by 7% and an 8% decrease in eGFR at the end of 24 months with liraglutide.
Meta‐analysis on pulse disturbances reveals differences in functional and compositional recovery across ecosystems
Authors: Hillebrand Helmut , Kunze Charlotte 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost ecosystems are affected by anthropogenic or natural pulse disturbances, which alter the community composition and functioning for a limited period of time. Whether and how quickly communities recover from such pulses is central to our understanding of biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem organisation, but also to nature conservation and management. Here, we present a meta‐analysis of 508 (semi‐)natural field experiments globally distributed across marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. We found recovery to be significant yet incomplete. At the end of the experiments, disturbed treatments resembled controls again when considering abundance (94%), biomass (82%), and univariate diversity measures (88%). Most disturbed treatments did not further depart from control after the pulse, indicating that few studies showed novel trajectories induced by the pulse. Only multivariate community composition on average showed little recovery: disturbed species composition remained dissimilar to the control throughout most experiments. Still, when experiments revealed a higher compositional stability, they tended to also show higher functional stability. Recovery was more complete when systems had high resistance, whereas resilience and resistance were negatively correlated. The overall results were highly consistent across studies, but significant differences between ecosystems and organism groups appeared. Future research on disturbances should aim to understand these differences, but also fill obvious gaps in the empirical assessments for regions (especially the tropics), ecosystems and organisms. In summary, we provide general evidence that (semi‐)natural communities can recover from pulse disturbances, but compositional aspects are more vulnerable to long‐lasting effects of pulse disturbance than the emergent functions associated to them.
Nitrogen storage regulation by PII protein: lessons learned from taxonomic outliers
Authors: Rubio Vicente , Marco‐Marín Clara , Llácer José Luis 
Published: January 2020

The paper ‘Interaction of N‐acetyl‐l‐glutamate kinase with the PII signal transducer in the non‐photosynthetic alga Polytomella parva: Co‐evolution towards a hetero‐oligomeric enzyme’ by Selim et al. highlights how the study of a true taxonomic oddity, the heterotrophic unicellular alga P. parva, has been instrumental in uncovering the large potential for adaptive variation in the signaling complex of PII with the enzyme N‐acetylglutamate kinase (NAGK). This complex modifies the regulatory properties of NAGK, allowing nitrogen stockpiling as arginine. In P. parva, a stable PII‐NAGK complex is formed which lacks regulation by canonical PII effectors but which exhibits novel adaptive responses to nitrogen abundance mediated by glutamine, a neo‐effector of PII proteins of photosynthetic eukaryotes.
HERTA MÜLLER'S RESHAPING OF GERMAN CULTURAL MEMORY
Authors: Bauer Karin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeeking to explore the contemporary relevance of Herta Müller's work in the context of national and transnational memory cultures, this article examines the constitution of individual and collective memory and the ethical implications it carries for envisioning a more just future. My interest lies in exploring the challenge that Müller's approach to the labour of memory poses to conceptions of cultural memory and, related to it, to notions of national identity, national literary canons, and authorship. I ask how the ethical and aesthetic precepts of Müller's disruptive memories in her written work and her numerous public interventions may contribute to an affirmation of human rights today – at a time when democratic values are increasingly under threat. I argue that Müller's work – augmented by her public engagement – contributes to the reshaping of cultural memory from a narrowly conceived national one toward a deterritorialised collective memory that may transcend national and ethnic boundaries and foster new kinds of solidarity.