bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In a high volume orthopaedic unit, managing natural variability and utilising the theory of constraints improves surgical throughput.
Authors: Wainwright Thomas , Middleton Robert 
Published: October 2020

Introduction This project involved hip and knee replacement patients at the Royal Bournemouth Hospital. Throughput of surgical cases is determined by the number of operations you can perform each day and the number of beds available for patients following surgery. Modelling using length of stay data indicated that we had enough beds and so we used the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to optimise surgical throughput. The TOC process is outlined below.
Intervention Put simply, the system was required to complete 1350 joint replacements per year through 2 operating theatres. Having established this, we identified the system constraint using TOC methodology. The constraint is the element of the system that prevented additional throughput from occurring. Our analysis revealed that the constraint in our setting was the surgeon. We then designed an operating template that subordinated everything to the constraint. A staggered operating model in which the surgeon moved between two operating theatres to perform 6 hip and knee replacements in succession each day was introduced.
Results The model has been used in over 2000 patients, and 28 different surgeons and 48 anaesthetists have worked within the model. We found that for all surgeons this has improved their productivity, as well as reducing the variability in the time required to complete each individual case. The staggered model and predictable nature of the model has also had benefits to the nursing and rehabilitation staff on the ward. Admissions to theatre and returns from theatre are now equally staggered throughout the day. This smoothing of flow is a central principle of lean and has made the delivery of care much easier on the ward and requires less staff.
Key message The TOC is a useful model for analysing complex systems where one step determines the rate of the process. Within our context the constraint was the surgeon. By subordinating all processes to utilise the surgeons time maximally we optimised surgical throughput.
What issues must we address if we are to further accelerate recovery and shorten length of stay in total hip and knee replacement ERAS?
Authors: Wainwright Thomas , McDonald David 
Published: October 2020

Objectives

UK ERAS pathways are well established but length of stay (LOS) is still longer than for international exemplar sites. This survey asked staff what they felt were the issues that needed to be addressed in order to reduce LOS further.

Methods

Attendees at a multi-disciplinary meeting (Enhanced Recovery in Orthopaedic Surgery Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, 20/01/15) were surveyed.

Results

58 respondents from 23 hospitals in England, Scotland and Ireland were made up of nurses (27), physiotherapists (18), anaesthetists (7), occupational therapists (3), surgeons (2) and a pharmacist. 54 respondents had two or more years experience working in ERAS.
The staff surveyed thought that the most important factors in order to achieve a short LOS within their own hospitals were:
When the respondents were asked which issues they felt they needed to improve within their own hospitals to shorten current LOS, 35 thought that better post-operative analgesia was required and 29 thought better pre-operative patient education and expectation management were required.
There were three other major themes:
One respondent commented Sometimes people can have severe pain but achieve goals and go home early.

Conclusion

Experienced ERAS staff cited pre-operative patient education and post-operative analgesia most frequently as key factors in achieving a short LOS, but as a group also identified these two steps as the ones most needing to be improved. Managing the side effects of anaesthesia, improving physiotherapy access, and greater social and community support post-discharge were also deemed important.
A Developed Framework for Sequencing of Mixed-model Assembly Line with Customer’s Satisfaction and Heterogeneous Operators
Authors: Rabbani Masoud , Beladian Behbahan Seyedeh Zeinab , Farrokhi-asl Hamed , Esmizadeh Majedeh 
Published: October 2020

Goals: We present a multi-objective mathematical model to determine the optimum production sequence of the mixed-model assembly line (MMAL). Maximizing customer satisfaction and minimizing costs are the objectives of the problem.
Methodology: Customers are divided into two clusters of high priority and low priority by k-medoids method. Also, to get closer to the real world, heterogeneous workers are considered. As the actual scale of the problem cannot be solved by an exact method, two meta-heuristic algorithms, namely Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA2) and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) are proposed to solve the problem and reach approximate and efficient results in large scale.
Results: It observes that this model can plan the customers' orders by considering their satisfaction. Also, comparing the results of these algorithms indicates a slight superiority of the SPEA2 method.
Limitations of the investigation: This study is mainly limited by clustering criteria. In the future, more criteria can be considered for analyzing customer behavior and expanding customer clusters.
Practical implications: This model can help all manufacturers who use MMAL by providing a Pareto front for deciding between costs and customers' satisfaction.
Originality / Value: Applying k-medoids to cluster the customers for better orders management and proposing SPEA2 and NSGA-II for solving the problem are the main novelties of this study.
Effect of sowing date and some organic extracts on organic production of sweet corn
Authors: ABOUL-EL-HASSAN Saad , EMAM Saad Aly , GAD EL-MOULA M. H. 
Published: October 2020

Field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018. This experiment aims to improve the organic production of sweet corn via some organic extracts under different sowing dates. The seeds of sweet corn (Misthi F1 Hybrid) were planted on three different dates on 15 April, 10 May and 5 June in both seasons. Extracts of compost, vermicompost and chicken manure with applying half dose of compost were compared to full dose of compost. Results showed that early sowing had positive effect on growth, yield and ear properties of sweet corn. Applying half dose of compost with adding vermicompost extract gave the highest growth, yield and ear properties of sweet corn without significant differences compared to 50 % compost + chicken manure extract treatment in plant height and leaves number per plant. The treatments of the half dose of compost with adding any organic extracts were superior to the full dose of compost in all studied traits. This study revealed that early planting (April 15) with applying a half dose of compost + vermicompost extract produced the highest yield and quality of sweet corn ears.
Working Time under Alternative Pay Contracts in the Ride-Sharing Industry
Authors: Belloc Filippo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study hours worked by drivers in the peer-to-peer transportation sector with cross-side network effects. Medallion lease (regulated market), commission-based (Uber-like pay) and profit-sharing (“pure” taxi coop) compensation schemes are compared. Our static model shows that network externalities matter, depending on the number of active drivers. When the number of drivers is limited, in the presence of positive network effects, a regulated system always induces more hours worked, while the commission fee influences the comparative incentives towards working time of Uber-like pay versus profit-sharing. When the number of drivers is infinite (or close to it), the influence of network externalities on optimal working time vanishes. Our model helps identifying which is the pay scheme that best remunerates longer working times and offers insights to regulators seeking to improve the intensive margin of coverage by taxi services.
Quadratic transformation of multivariate aggregation functions
Authors: Boonmee Prakassawat , Tasena Santi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, we prove that quadratic transformations of aggregation functions must come from quadratic aggregation functions. We also show that this is different from quadratic transformations of (multivariate) semi-copulas and quasi-copulas. In the latter case, those two classes are actually the same and consists of convex combinations of the identity map and another fixed quadratic transformation. In other words, it is a convex set with two extreme points. This result is different from the bivariate case in which the two classes are different and both are convex with four extreme points.
Thinking Outside the Panel: Rewriting Rebekah in R. Crumb’s Book of Genesis
Authors: Domoney-Lyttle Zanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rise in popularity of comic book Bibles has brought with it the opportunity to interrogate, challenge, reframe and reimagine difficult aspects of sacred scripture through text–image retellings. By their nature and format, comic books are uncontrollable vehicles of cultural expression, and in the case of biblical comic books, religious expression. As such, they can offer retellings of biblical narratives which challenge established practices of biblical interpretation normally rooted in patriarchal and conservative ideologies and may open the text up to more creative interpretations which are not restrained by those traditional approaches of reading the Bible. This article considers R. Crumb’s The Book of Genesis, Illustrated by R. Crumb (2009) as a case study which focuses on the character of Rebekah (Gen. 24:15–67 and 25:19–28), demonstrating how the combination of text and image acts as a commentary to the biblical narrative as well as reframing Rebekah as a matriarchal leader, a move which is not reflected in the words but is depicted through accompanying images. The case study demonstrates how biblical comic books can move beyond the constraints of traditional biblical scholarship to reinterpret characters and stories from perspectives previously unvisited.
Competition in Markets with Quality Uncertainty and Network Effects
Authors: Reme Bjørn-Atle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study how quality uncertainty among consumers affects price competition in the presence of network effects. Our main result is that quality uncertainty has non-monotonic effects on firms’ price setting behavior. Prices and industry profit is first falling, then increasing, in quality uncertainty. In addition we show that quality uncertainty can force a high quality provider to be aggressive to the point where its price in the first period is below that of a low quality provider. We also analyse the incentives for compatibility under quality uncertainty, and find that when quality uncertainty is sufficiently high, compatibility may be used as a means of softening price competition.
Fighting in Verses: Behind the Scenes of Gregory of Nazianzus’

Carmen 2,1,39
Authors: De Blasi Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Gregory of Nazianzus’ Carmen 2,1,39 (εἰς τὰ ἔμμετρα) has generally been regarded as a sort of manifesto of Gregory’s poetry. Scholars have mostly concentrated on the programmatic core of the poem, but the iambic tirade of the closing part deserves attention as well. A thorough analysis of this text should start from a preliminary survey of its manuscript tradition, which points out the need of a critical edition, since the aged PG edition still relies on a few witnesses. Furthermore, this leads to the assumption that two different addressees are involved in the poem: the former is a fictitious one, whereas the second is Gregory’s sworn enemy, Maximus the Cynic. Thus, the iambic tirade which closes poem 2,1,39 should be set within the context of the Maximus affair. Such an identification affects the dating of the poem, too. Since the Maximus affair took place in summer 380, but on the other hand Gregory seems also to allude to the Council of Constantinople, which opened in 381, it may be concluded that the poem was composed in two phases and that the poetical program exposed is due to the re-working of an older satirical draft against Maximus.
Forschungsnotiz: Modernisierungsverlierer – eine Begriffsgeschichte
Authors: Ulbricht Christian 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
In der Wissenschaft existiert eine lebhafte Diskussion darüber, wer rechtspopulistische Parteien wählt und warum sie unterstützt werden. Ziel des Beitrags ist es zu verstehen, wie sich das „Begriffenwerden“ des Elektorats von rechtspopulistischen Parteien anhand der Modernisierungsverlierer-These seit den 1990er entwickelt hat. Mit Hilfe dieser kurzen Begriffsgeschichte zu der wissenschaftlichen Kategorie der Modernisierungsverlierer soll ein Grundstein zum besseren Verständnis für das wechselseitige konstituierende Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft bezüglich der Modernisierungsverlierer gelegt werden.
Reliability and Validity of the iLOAD Application for Monitoring the Mean Set Velocity During the Back Squat and Bench Press Exercises Performed Against Different Loads
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Boullosa Daniel , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pérez-Castilla, A, Boullosa, D, and García-Ramos, A. Reliability and validity of the iLOAD application for monitoring the mean set velocity during the back squat and bench press exercises performed against different loads. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S57–S65, 2021—This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a smartphone application (iLOAD) for the monitoring of mean concentric velocity (MV) during resistance training sets. Twenty males completed 2 identical sessions consisting of one set of 10 repetitions against 4 loads (25, 40, 55, 70% of the one repetition maximum [1RM]) during the back squat and bench press exercises. The MV of the 5 initial repetitions and for the whole set were determined simultaneously with the iLOAD application and a linear velocity transducer (LVT). Two independent researchers operated the iLOAD application during the experimental sessions to evaluate the interrater agreement for the assessment of MV. An acceptable but generally lower reliability was observed for iLOAD (coefficient of variation [CV] range: 5.61–9.79%) compared to the LVT (CV range: 4.51–8.18%) at 25-40-55% of 1RM, whereas the reliability at 75% of 1RM was acceptable for the LVT during the bench press (CV range: 6.37–8.26%), but it was unacceptable for the iLOAD during both exercises (CV range: 11.3–12.8%) and for the LVT during the back squat (CV range: 11.3–17.4%). Small to moderate differences (ES range: 0.24–1.04) and very high to practically perfect correlations (r range: 0.70–0.90) were observed between the iLOAD and the LVT. A very high agreement was observed between both raters for the recording of MV during the back squat and bench press exercises (r ≥ 0.98). Taken together, these results suggest that the iLOAD application can be confidently used to quantify the MV of training sets during the squat and bench press exercises not performed to failure.
Selected Cardiovascular and Psychological Changes Throughout a Competitive Season in Collegiate Female Swimmers
Authors: Dobson John , Harris Brandonn , Claytor Ally , Stroud Loren , Berg Lindsay , Chrysosferidis Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dobson, J, Harris, B, Claytor, A, Stroud, L, Berg, L, and Chrysosferidis, P. Selected cardiovascular and psychological changes throughout a competitive season in collegiate female swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3062–3069, 2020—Measures that reflect the balance between training-induced fatigue and recovery can provide valuable feedback to help revise training plans. The aim of this study was to use multidimensional measures of the vagal control of the heart rate (HR), psychological stress, and burnout to investigate the impact of overload training and tapering in female swimmers. Thirteen female Division-1 swimmers completed the HR and psychological measures 3 times during a competitive season: (a) at the beginning of the season (BL), (b) eleven weeks later during a period of overload training (OL), and (c) eleven more weeks later and after a taper (TP). Cardiovascular measures included the resting logarithm of the root mean square of successive R-R intervals (lnRMSSD), HR responses to forced breathing (HRdiff), and HR responses to sustained handgrip exercise (HRhg). Psychological measures consisted of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire and the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire. Repeated measures analyses of variance revealed that sport devaluation, reduced accomplishment, general stress, and emotional exhaustion all increased throughout the season (all were p < 0.05). Also, lnRMSSDrest decreased (p < 0.01) and HRhg increased (p < 0.05) during OL, both of which then returned to BL levels during TP (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively); whereas HRdiff values fell progressively during the season (p < 0.05). The results indicate that OL impaired cardiac vagal stimulation, and the bulk of evidence indicated that it was fully restored during a TP. In conclusion, lnRMSSD and HRhg were particularly sensitive to changes in workload throughout the season, and so those measures may be especially useful for preventing an excessive accumulation of training-induced fatigue.
Varying Demands and Quality of Play Between In-Conference and Out-of-Conference Games in Division I Collegiate Women's Soccer
Authors: Bozzini Brittany N. , McFadden Bridget A. , Walker Alan J. , Arent Shawn M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bozzini, BN, McFadden, BA, Walker, AJ, and Arent, SM. Varying demands and quality of play between in-conference and out-of-conference games in Division I collegiate women's soccer. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3364–3368, 2020—The purpose of this study was to assess differences in physical workloads, physiological responses, and performance variables between in-conference (IC) and out-of-conference (OC) games during a collegiate women's soccer season. Female field players (N = 11), who played a minimum of 45 minutes for >50% of games, were evaluated using an integrative GPS and HR monitoring system to determine training load (TL), exercise energy expenditure (EEE), total distance covered (DIS), sprints, time spent in HR zones 4 and 5 (HRZ4 = 80–89% HRmax; HRZ5 = 90–100% HRmax), and distance covered in speed zones 4 and 5 (DISZ4 = 15.0–19.9 km·h−1; DISZ5 = ≥20 km·h−1). In addition, percent passing accuracy (PA%), dribbling success (DS%), tackling success (TS%), and challenges won (CW%) were generated for all games. Workload data were analyzed as a rate per minute playing time (PT) per game to account for differences in game duration and PT between OC (n = 7) and IC games (n = 11). Repeated-measures multivariate analyses of variance with univariate follow-ups and effect sizes (Hedges' g) were conducted to compare conditions (OC vs. CON) (p < 0.05). There were significantly greater TL, DIS, EEE, and HRZ5 per minute PT in OC versus IC games (Hedges' g: TL = 0.48; DIS = 0.20, EEE = 0.55; HRZ5 = 0.83; p < 0.05). Further analysis found significant differences in first half play favoring OC games (p < 0.05), but not second half play (p > 0.05). Based on these findings, OC games seem to be more demanding compared to IC, particularly during first half play. Emphasis should be placed on tailoring TL to the accumulating in-season demands through athlete-monitoring technology to prevent declines in performance in the latter half of the season.
Somatostatin receptor ligands induce TSH deficiency in thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma
Authors: Illouz Frédéric , Chanson Philippe , Sonnet Emmanuel , Brue Thierry , Ferriere Amandine , Raffin Sanson Marie-Laure , Vantyghem Marie-Christine , Raverot Gérald , Munier Mathilde , Rodien Patrice , Briet Claire 
Published: October 2020

Objective
Somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL) are useful to control central hyperthyroidism in patients with thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma (TSH pituitary adenoma). The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of thyrotropin deficiency (TSH deficiency) in patients with TSH pituitary adenoma treated by SRL.

Design
Retrospective study.

Methods
Patients with central hyperthyroidism due to TSH pituitary adenoma treated by short or long-acting SRL were retrospectively included. TSH deficiency was defined by a low FT4 associated with non-elevated TSH concentrations during SRL therapy. We analysed the frequency of TSH deficiency and the characteristics of patients with or without TSH deficiency.

Results
Forty-six patients were included. SRL were used as the first-line therapy in 21 of 46 patients (46%). Central hyperthyroidism was controlled in 36 of 46 patients (78%). TSH deficiency appeared in 7 of 46 patients (15%) after a median time of 4 weeks (4–7) and for a median duration of 3 months (2.5–3). The TSH deficiency occurred after one to three injections of long-acting SRL used as first-line therapy in 6/7 cases. There were no differences in terms of clinical and hormonal features, size of adenomas or doses of SRL between patients with or without TSH deficiency.

Conclusions
SRL can induce TSH deficiency in patients with central hyperthyroidism due to TSH pituitary adenoma. Thyrotropic function should be assessed before the first three injections of SRL in order to track TSH deficiency and reduce the frequency of injections when control of thyrotoxicosis rather than tumour reduction is the aim of the treatment.
Variants of FOXO3 and RPA3 genes affecting IGF-1 levels alter the risk of development of primary osteoarthritis
Authors: Pelsma I C M , Claessen K M J A , Slagboom P E , van Heemst D , Pereira A M , Kroon H M , Ramos Y F M , Kloppenburg M , Biermasz N R , Meulenbelt I M 
Published: October 2020

Introduction
Pathologically high growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in patients with acromegaly are associated with arthropathy. Several studies highlight the potential role of the GH/IGF-1 axis in primary osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to disentangle the role of IGF-1 levels in primary OA pathogenesis.

Methods
Patients from the Genetics osteoARthritis and Progression (GARP) Study with familial, generalized, symptomatic OA (n = 337, mean age: 59.8 ± 7.4 years, 82% female) were compared to Leiden Longevity Study (LLS) controls (n = 456, mean age: 59.8 ± 6.8 years, 51% female). Subjects were clinically and radiographically assessed, serum IGF-1 levels were measured, and 10 quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the FOXO3, IGFBP3/TNS3, RPA3, SPOCK2 genes, previously related to serum IGF-1 levels, were genotyped. Linear or binary logistic generalized estimating equation models were performed.

Results
Serum IGF-1 levels were increased in OA patients, with male patients exhibiting the strongest effect (males OR = 1.10 (1.04–1.17), P=0.002 vs females OR = 1.04 (1.01–1.07), P = 0.02). Independent of the increased IGF-1 levels, male carriers of the minor allele of FOXO3 QTL rs4946936 had a lower risk to develop hip OA (OR = 0.41 (0.18–0.90), P = 0.026). Additionally, independent of IGF-1 levels, female carriers of the minor alleles of RPA3 QTL rs11769597 had a higher risk to develop knee OA (OR = 1.90 (1.20–2.99), P = 0.006).

Conclusion
Patients with primary OA had significantly higher IGF-1 levels compared to controls. Moreover, SNPs in the FOXO3 and RPA3 genes were associated with an altered risk of OA. Therefore, altered IGF-1 levels affect the development of OA, and are potentially the result of the pathophysiological OA process.