bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Comprehensive Traditional Chinese Therapy in Treating Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: a Systematic Review and a Meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Hongyi , Chen Hanhan , Shi Guangxi , Liu Xiaofei , Li Jingwei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: With the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy is often used to treat Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis (GLM), but the effectiveness and risk are still controversial. This study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of comprehensive therapy of traditional Chinese medicine on GLM.Methods: Articles in both international databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov) and Chinese databases (Chinese National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Databases (CBM), VIP Chinese periodical service platform and Wan Fang Digital Journals)) were searched. Original studies which reported the effective rate and/or recurrence rate and/or maximum diameter of the mass of comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy were included. The 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for effective rate, recurrence rate and maximum diameter of the mass were calculated and analyzed by review manager 5.3.Results: Eight eligible trials with 309 cases and 265 controls were included, six in Chinese and two in English. Statistical analysis suggested a statistical difference in effective rate (RR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.74, 1.00], P = 0.047) between comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy group and control. Meanwhile, there was statistical difference found in recurrence rate between comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy and western medicine therapy (RR = 3.09, 95% CI [1.50, 6.40], P = 0.002). Besides, no statistical difference existed in maximum diameter of the mass between the two therapies (RR = -5.25, 95% CI [-125.42, 114.93], P = 0.93).Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in the reduction of breast mass size between comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy and western medicine alone, comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy demonstrated the efficacy in improving the effective rate and reducing the recurrence rate. For GLM patients, comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy could be a potential option.
COVID-19 and lockdown in India: Evaluation using analysis of covariance
Authors: Tak Amit , Das Bhaskar , Gahlot Saurabh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The lockdown in India has entered into its ninth month to curb the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of the present study is to evaluate impact of different phases of lockdown on evolution of new cases of infection and deaths due to COVID-19.Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study, the Indian data on new cases of infection and deaths due to COVID-19 were retrieved from John Hopkins University dashboard. The cases from 25 March to 31 October 2020 were analyzed using analysis of covariance for four phases of lockdown and five phases of unlockdown.Results: The coefficients of regression for new cases did not differ significantly for initial four phases of lockdown and unlock-1, while from unlock-2 the coefficients showed significant decrease till unlock-5. While death cases showed no significant differences between coefficients of regression for initial four phases of lockdown and unlock, but coefficient of unlock-5 was significantly lower than unlock-4. Conclusion: The trends of coefficients of regression of new cases and deaths reveals positive effects of lockdown in flattening the epidemic curve. Though the pandemic is on downslope, till the availability of vaccine, non-pharmaceutical measures such as social distancing, wearing of mask need to be implemented.
Cobalt-containing Calcium Phosphate Induces Resorption of Biomineralized Collagen by Human Osteoclasts
Authors: Pereira Daniel de Melo , Schumacher Matthias , Habibović Pamela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Biomineralized collagen, consisting of fibrillary type-I collagen with embedded hydroxyapatite mineral, is a bone-mimicking material with potential application as a bone graft substitute. Despite the chemical and structural similarity with bone extracellular matrix, no evidence exists so far that biomineralized collagen can be resorbed by osteoclasts. The aim of the current study was to induce resorption of biomineralized collagen by osteoclasts by a two-fold modification: increasing the calcium phosphate content and introducing cobalt ions (Co2+), which have been previous shown to stimulate resorptive activity of osteoclasts.Methods: To this end, we produced biomineralized collagen membranes and coated them with a cobalt-containing calcium phosphate (CoCaP). Human osteoclasts, derived from CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood, were differentiated directly on the membranes. Their morphology was assessed by laser confocal microscopy and their capacity for resorption observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as indirectly quantified by calcium release into cell culture supernatant. Results: The CoCaP coating increased the mineral content of the membranes by 4 wt.% and their elastic modulus from 1 to 10 MPa. The coated membranes showed a sustained Co2+ release of about 7 nM per 2 days. In contrast to uncoated membranes, on CoCaP-coated biomineralized collagen membranes, osteoclasts sporadically formed actin rings, and caused resorption lacunae to form, as observed by SEM and confirmed by increase in Ca2+ concentration in cell culture medium. The effect of the CoCaP layer on osteoclast function is thought to be mainly caused by the increase of membrane stiffness, although the effect of Co2+, which was released in very low amounts, cannot be fully excluded.Conclusions: This work shows the potential of this relatively simple approach to induce osteoclast resorption of biomineralized collagen, despite the fact that the extent of osteoclast resorption was limited, and the method needs further optimization,. Moreover, the coating method is suitable for incorporating bioactive ions of interest into biomineralized collagen, which is typically not possible using the common biomineralization methods, such as polymer-induced liquid precursor method.
Clinical Associations Between Serial Electrocardiography Measurements and Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: Multi-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Hyun Jin , Choe A Reum , Lee HaeJu , Ryu Dong Ryeol , Kang Ea Wha , Park Jung Tak , Lee Su Hwan , Park Junbeom 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe rate of sudden cardiac death (SCD) for hemodialysis (HD) patients is significantly higher than that observed in the general population and have the highest risk for arrhythmogenic death. In this study, we examined serial electrocardiography (ECG) data in patients undergoing HD and determined their associations with the occurrence of SCD.Method In the retrospective review of three tertiary referral hospitals from November 1986 to November 2016, Patients starting HD in each hospital were enrolled; they underwent regular check-ups at least twice a Measurements and Main Results Of 678 enrolled subjects who underwent serial ECG before and after HD, 291 died and 39 developed SCD. In the pre-HD ECG, SCD patients had significantly longer QT peak-to-end (QTpe) intervals in all leads (II, III, aVF, and V1-6, P<0.001) and a longer QRS duration (92.6±14.0 vs. 100.6±14.9 ms, P=0.015) than survivors. However, in the post-HD ECG, there were no significant differences in any of the variables (QTpe interval at all leads, QRS duration, and proportion of patients with atrial fibrillation) that showed differences in the pre-HD ECG analysis. Moreover, the SCD group showed a significant change in the QTpe interval of the inferior, anterior, and lateral leads before and after HD compared with the survivor group (all leads, P<0.001). A cut-off value of 148.1 ms for the QTpe interval at the V2 lead in pre-HD was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and QTpe intervals >148.1 ms were significantly associated with SCD after adjusting for age and sex in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio: 5.675, confidence interval: 2.373–13.575).Conclusions In end-stage kidney disease patients, the QTpe interval at all leads and QRS duration were shortened after HD. Patients with a longer QTpe interval before HD and large changes in ECG parameters after HD might be at a higher risk of SCD. Therefore, changes in the ECG before and after HD could help to predict SCD.
Rapid Versus Traditional Qualitative Analysis Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)
Authors: Nevedal Andrea , Reardon Caitlin , Widerquist Marilla Opra , Jackson George , Cutrona Sarah , White Brandolyn , Damschroder Laura 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundQualitative approaches, alone or in mixed methods, are prominent within implementation science. However, traditional qualitative approaches are resource intensive, which has led to the development of rapid qualitative approaches. Published rapid approaches are often inductive in nature and rely on transcripts of interviews; we describe a deductive rapid approach using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) that relies on notes and audio recordings. This paper compares our rapid approach to a traditional qualitative approach. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted for two cohorts of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Diffusion of Excellence (DoE). The CFIR guided data collection and analysis. In Cohort A, we used a traditional analysis approach, where two analysts completed line-by-line independent coding of interview transcripts. In Cohort B, we used a rapid analysis approach, where the primary analyst wrote detailed notes during interviews and immediately “coded” them into a MS Excel CFIR construct by facility matrix; a secondary analyst then listened to audio recordings and edited notes. We tracked time for the traditional and rapid approaches using a spreadsheet and captured transcription costs from invoices. We retrospectively compared approaches in terms of effectiveness and rigor. ResultsCohort A and B were relatively equivalent in terms of data collected. However, the rapid approach required significantly fewer analyst hours and eliminated $7,250 in transcription costs. Despite these differences, both approaches were effective in meeting our evaluation objectives and establishing rigor. ConclusionOur rapid approach was less time intensive and eliminated transcription costs, yet effective in meeting evaluation objectives and establishing rigor.
Identification and&nbsp;screening of&nbsp;host proteins interacting&nbsp;with&nbsp;ORFV-ORF047 protein
Authors: Chen Guohua , He Xiaobing , jia Huaijie , Fang Yongxiang , Wang Xiaoxia , Lou Zhongzi , yang Fan , Li Weike , Jing Zhizhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bankground：Orf virus (ORFV) is a member of the genus Parapoxvirus and family Poxviridae. The virus has a worldwide distribution and infects sheep, goats, humans, and wild animals. However, due to the complex structure of the poxvirus, the underlying mechanism of the entry and infection by ORFV remains largely unknown. ORFV ORF047 encodes a protein named L1R. Poxviral L1R serves as the receptor-binding protein and blocks virus binding and entry independently of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The study aimed to identify the host interaction partners of ORFV ORF047. Methods: Yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of sheep testicular cells was applied to screen the host targets with ORF047 as the bait. ORF047 was cloned into a pBT3-N vector and expressed in the NMY51 yeast strain. Then, the expression of bait proteins was validated by Western blot analysis. Results: Sheep SERP1and PABPC4 were identified as host target proteins of ORFV ORF047, and a Co-IP assay further verified their interaction. Conclusions: New host cell proteins SERP1and PABPC4 were found to interact with ORFV ORF047 and might involve viral mRNA translation and replication.
The CYP19A1 (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism, but not Arg264Cys polymorphism, may affect the risk of prostate cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Lei , Liu Yanan , Liu Lijun , Shao Shixiu , Cao Yanwei , Guo Jiaming , Haitao Niu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Abnormal aromatase (CYP19A1) expression has been proposed to take part in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa).However, results of studies on the CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms and PCa are conflicting.This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the association between the CYP19A1 Arg264Cys polymorphism and (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism and PCa.Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, EmBase, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library) were comprehensively searched to identify eligible studies. The strength of association between the CYP19A1 Arg264Cys polymorphism and PCa was assessed by pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in allelic, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous genetic models. To analyze the impact of the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism, we took sequentially the N-repeat allele (where N equals 7,8,10,11,12, and 13) as the minor allele and the sum of all the other alleles as the major allele. The ORs and 95%CIs were calculated in the allelic model; this analysis was performed individually for each repeat number.Results: Pooled estimates of nine eligible studies addressing the Arg264Cys polymorphism indicated that this polymorphism was not associated with the risk of PCa in the overall population and in the Caucasian and Asian subgroups. A meta-analysis of six studies addressing the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism revealed that the 8-repeat allele increased PCa risk in the overall population (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.14–1.58, P=0.001) and in the subgroup with population-based (PB) controls (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.13–1.74, P=0.002). ﻿Conclusions: The meta-analysis indicated that the CYP19A1 (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism, but not Arg264Cys polymorphism may affect PCa risk.
Predicting the COVID-19 patients’ status using chest CT scan findings: A risk assessment model based on Decision tree
Authors: Talebi Atefeh , Borumandnia Nasrin , Jafari Ramezan , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Jafari Nematollah Jonaidi , Ashtari Sara , Roozpeykar Saeid , Bashar Farshid R. , Vahedian-Azimi Amir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:The role of chest computed tomographic (CT) to diagnosis coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still an open field to be explored. The aim of this study was to apply the decision tree (DT) model to predict critical or non-critical status of patients infected with COVID-19 based on available information on non-contrast chest computed tomography (CT) scan.Method:This study was performed onpatients with COVID-19 who underwent chest CTscan atBaqiyatallahHospital, Tehran, Iran. The age, gender, types of lesions, other specific signs of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), presence of diffuse opacity, underlying diseases, number of involved lobe and total opacity score of 1078 patients were evaluated. Decision tree (DT) model was used to analyze and establish a risk assessment model of critical and non-critical situation. Results:Data included 169 critical cases and 909 non-critical cases. The bilateral distribution and multifocal lung involvement were165 (97.6%) and 766 (84.3%) in critical patients, respectively.According to DT model, total opacity score, age, lesion types and gender were statistically significant predictors incritical patients.Moreover, the results showed that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the DT model were 93.3%, 72.8% and 97.1%, respectively.Conclusions:The presented algorithm demonstrates the factors affecting the patient's condition. In addition, this model has the potential characteristics for clinical applicationsand canalso identify high-risk subpopulations that need specific prevention.
The Role of Intellectual Property Rights&nbsp;on&nbsp;Access to&nbsp;Medicines&nbsp;in the WHO African Region: 25 Years&nbsp;after&nbsp;the TRIPS&nbsp;Agreement
Authors: Motari Marion , Nikiema Jean-Baptiste , Kasilo Ossy Muganga Julius , Kniazkov Stanislav , Loua Andre , Sougou Aissatou , Tumusiime Prosper 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background It is now 25 years since the adoption of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the same concerns raised during its negotiations such as high prices of medicines, market exclusivity and delayed market entry for generics remain relevant as highlighted recently by the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) mandate to work on the interface between intellectual property, innovation and access to medicine has been continually reinforced and extended to include providing support to countries on the implementation of TRIPS flexibilities in collaboration with stakeholders. This study analyses the role of intellectual property on access to medicines in the African Region. Methods: We analyze patent data from the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) to provide a situational analysis of patenting activity and trends. We also review legislation to assess how TRIPS flexibilities are implemented in countries. Results Patenting was low for African countries. Only South Africa and Cameroon appeared in the list of top ten originator countries for ARIPO and OAPI respectively. Main diseases covered by African patents were HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and tumors. Majority countries have legislation allowing for compulsory licensing and parallel importation of medicines, while the least legislated flexibilities were explicit exemption of pharmaceutical products from patentable subject matter, new or second use of patented pharmaceutical products, imposition of limits to patent term extension and test data protection. 39 countries have applied TRIPS flexibilities, with the most common being compulsory licensing and least developed country transition provisions. Discussion Countries of the WHO African Region operate within a multi-layered –intellectual property regulatory landscape globally and at regional level which is characterized by inconsistencies and misalignment which limit the extent to which countries can implement TRIPS flexibilities. Conclusions Opportunities exist for WHO to work with ARIPO and OAPI to support countries in reviewing their legislation to be more responsive to public health needs.
Mapping of female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates to socioeconomic factors cohort: Path diagram analysis
Authors: Peng Qiongle , Ren Xiaoling , Cui Bing , Cui Henggui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in females around the world. Its occurrence and development has been linked to genetic factors, living habits and health conditions, and socioeconomic factors. Comparisons of incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer are useful approaches to define cancer-related socioeconomic disparities. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational cohort study on breast cancer of females in several developed countries between 1980 and 2012. The path diagram analysis for five factors, i.e. years, population, gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita, and unemployment rate, were conducted using Excel database function, and the effects on breast cancer incidence and mortality rates were analyzed. International Agency for Research on Cancer's CANCERMondial clearinghouse was used to determine the incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer data from several developed countries for 1980–2012. RESULTS: The relationship between socioeconomic factors and the occurrence and development of breast cancer did not follow a monotonic function. We found a positive, significant association of national public wealth on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The path coefficients in the structural equations model are -0.51 and -0.39, respectively. In addition to the significant relationship between individual physical and psychological characteristics, social pressure, such as unemployment rate has a significant impact on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The path coefficients in the structural equations model are all 0.2. The path coefficients of individual economic wealth to the incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer is 0.18 and 0.27, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A significant statistical relationship between the socioeconomic development and the crude rates of female breast cancer was shown in this study. The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer can be regulated effectively by a moderate increase in national public wealth, and clearly was affected by the individual’s economic wealth. In addition, the influence of social pressure (e.g., unemployment rate) on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer was not typical monotonous. The survival rate of breast cancer determined by the ratio of mortality rate to incidence rate also showed a similar pattern with socioeconomic factors.
Measuring health care experiences that matter to Indigenous people in Australia with cancer: identifying critical gaps in existing tools
Authors: Green Monica , Cunningham Joan , Anderson Kate , Griffiths Kalinda , Garvey Gail 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Measurement of patients’ healthcare experiences is increasingly used as an indicator of quality of care, but there are concerns that existing measures omit information that is meaningful to patients and that results may not be used systematically to inform service improvement. Further, current approaches may be inadequate for some population groups, such as Indigenous people in Australia, whose healthcare experience is impacted by the context of colonisation and discordance between Indigenous understandings of health and the Western biomedical health system. This study aimed to assess the extent to which existing patient experience measures used in Australia collect information about critical aspects of cancer care, as previously identified by Indigenous people affected by cancer and their health care providers.Methods: A two-stage process was used to examine the adequacy of existing patient experience measures for Indigenous people in Australia: (1) relevant tools and measures were identified and assessed, and four measures selected as suitable comparators; (2) comparators were examined in detail and mapped against topics identified in earlier research as important to Indigenous people with cancer. Gaps in topic coverage in comparators were identified. Results: No comparators completely captured the critical aspects of cancer care identified by Indigenous people affected by cancer and their health care providers. The number of topics ‘partially’ captured by the four comparators ranged from 4 to 7 out of 9. While most topics were partially covered, the lack of questions around culture and cultural safety was notable. Conclusions: Existing tools are likely to miss key aspects of Indigenous peoples’ experiences of cancer care in Australia. Failure to adequately assess care experiences related to cultural safety may compromise efforts to improve health outcomes. Addressing gaps requires development of experience measures that are strengths-based, reflect an Indigenous worldview and measure aspects of experience relevant to Indigenous people.