bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new hybrid radiative transfer method for massive star formation
Authors: Mignon-Risse R. , González M. , Commerçon B. , Rosdahl J. 
Published: January 2020

Context. Frequency-dependent and hybrid approaches for the treatment of stellar irradiation are of primary importance in numerical simulations of massive star formation.
Aims. We seek to compare outflow and accretion mechanisms in star formation simulations. We investigate the accuracy of a hybrid radiative transfer method using the gray M1 closure relation for proto-stellar irradiation and gray flux-limited diffusion (FLD) for photons emitted everywhere else.
Methods. We have coupled the FLD module of the adaptive-mesh refinement code RAMSES with RAMSES-RT, which is based on the M1 closure relation and the reduced speed-of-light-approximation. Our hybrid (M1+FLD) method takes an average opacity at the stellar temperature for the M1 module, instead of the local environmental radiation field. Due to their construction, the opacities are consistent with the photon origin. We have tested this approach in radiative transfer tests of disks irradiated by a star for three levels of optical thickness and compared the temperature structure with the radiative transfer codes RADMC-3D and MCFOST. We applied it to a radiation-hydrodynamical simulation of massive star formation.
Results. Our tests validate our hybrid approach for determining the temperature structure of an irradiated disk in the optically-thin (2% maximal error) and moderately optically-thick (error smaller than 25%) regimes. The most optically-thick test shows the limitation of our hybrid approach with a maximal error of 65% in the disk mid-plane against 94% with the FLD method. The optically-thick setups highlight the ability of the hybrid method to partially capture the self-shielding in the disk while the FLD alone cannot. The radiative acceleration is ≈100 times greater with the hybrid method than with the FLD. The hybrid method consistently leads to about + 50% more extended and wider-angle radiative outflows in the massive star formation simulation. We obtain a 17.6 M⊙ star at t ≃ 0.7τff, while the accretion phase is still ongoing, with a mean accretion rate of ≃7 × 10−4 M⊙ yr−1. Finally, despite the use of refinement to resolve the radiative cavities, no Rayleigh–Taylor instability appears in our simulations, and we justify their absence by physical arguments based on the entropy gradient.
Metallurgical comparison of various production routes for low and ultra-low carbon steels
Authors: Brachet D. , Gatellier C. , Zbaczyniak Y. , Nadif M. , Chapellier Ph. , Leclercq A. 
Published: January 2020

Low and ultra-low carbon steels are produced either by an argon-oxygen mixed injection technique at the converter or by the use of a vacuum degasser (RH). These two techniques are perfectly suitable for producing steels with maximum carbon contents of respectively 90 and 40 ppm.
The kinetics of the decarburization in the vacuum degasser can be enhanced by a development of the extraction capacity and/or by an increase of the specific stirring flow rates.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Clinical Feasibility and Optimizing Assay Precision
Authors: Elarabi Hesham Farouk , Hasan Nael , Marsden John , Radwan Doaa , Adem Abdu , Almamari Samya , Elrasheed Abuelgasim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Compliance with sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone (SL-BUP/NX) is associated with higher abstinence from illicit opioid use. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been recommended for adherence monitoring of buprenorphine (BUP) maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), but to date there have been no reported clinical applications. In this TDM feasibility study, we investigated BUP assay precision in 15 adults with OUD who had been stabilized on buprenorphine/naloxone.
Methods Using solid phase extraction, BUP recovery was contrasted at 100 mMol and 1 Molar of acetic acid wash solution. Precision was determined by applying the condition generating highest recovery using 0.2 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL standards. Four blood samples were drawn to examine the BUP peak and trough plasma concentrations, and BUP elimination rate was estimated. BUP recovery was examined again in a random sample and contrasted with the concentration predicted applying first-order kinetics.
Results Higher BUP recovery was achieved with 1 Molar wash (94.3%; p=0.05). Precision ranged from 15–20%. The estimated limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantitation (LoQ) were 0.02 and 0.069 ng/mL, respectively. BUP peak and trough concentrations were successfully examined, and BUP trough concentrations were replicated confirming steady state. BUP concentrations were predicted at a variance of −7.20% to 1.54 %.
Conclusions TDM for BUP maintenance treatment of OUD is feasible, and simple adjustment of the assay conditions enhances BUP recovery.
Involvement of NO in Antinociception of NSAIDS in Murine Formalin Hind Paw Assay
Authors: Noriega Viviana , Miranda Hugo F. , Prieto Juan Carlos , Sotomayor-Zárate Ramón , Sierralta Fernando 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere are different animal models to evaluate pain among them the formalin hind paw assay which is widely used since some of its events appear to be similar to the clinical pain of humans. The assay in which a dilute solution of formalin is injected into the dorsal hindpaw of a murine produces two ‘phases’ of pain behavior separated by a inactive period. The early phase (Phase I) is probably due to direct activation of nociceptors and the second phase (Phase II) is due to ongoing inflammatory input and central sensitization. Mice were used to determine the potency antinociceptive of piroxicam (1,3,10,and 30 mg/kg), parecoxib (0.3, 1,3,10 and 30 mg/kg), dexketoprofen (3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg) and ketoprofen (3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg). Dose-response for each NSAIDs were created before and after 5 mg/kg of L-NAME i.p. or 5 mg/kg i.p. of 7-nitroindazole. A least-squares linear regression analysis of the log dose–response curves allowed the calculation of the dose that produced 50% of antinociception (ED50) for each drug. The ED50 demonstrated the following rank order of potency, in the phase I: piroxicam > dexketoprofen > ketoprofen > parecoxib and in the phase II: piroxicam > ketoprofen > parecoxib > dexketoprofen. Pretreatment of the mice with L-NAME or 7-nitroindazol induced a significant increase of the analgesic power of the NSAIDs, with a significant reduction of the ED50. It is suggested that NO may be involved in both phases of the trial, which means that nitric oxide regulates the bioactivity of NSAIDs.
Synthesis of Amylosic Supramolecular Materials by Glucan Phosphorylase-Catalyzed Enzymatic Polymerization According to the Vine-Twining Approach
Authors: Kadokawa Jun-ichi 
Published: January 2020

This article overviews the synthesis of amylosic supramolecular materials through inclusion complexation in glucan phosphorylase (GP)-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization. Amylose is a polysaccharide that is known to form inclusion complexes with a number of hydrophobic small guest molecules. A pure amylose can be synthesized by the enzymatic polymerization of α-d-glucose 1-phosphate monomer with a maltooligosaccharide primer catalyzed by GP. The author has reported that the propagating amylosic chain in the enzymatic polymerization twines around hydrophobic polymers present in aqueous reaction media to form supramolecular inclusion complexes. As it is similar to the way that vines of a plant grow around a rod, this polymerization is termed ‘vine-twining polymerization’. Amylosic supramolecular network materials have been obtained through the vine-twining polymerization by using copolymers, where hydrophobic guest polymers are covalently grafted on hydrophilic main-chain polymers. The enzymatically produced amylosic chains form complexes with the guest polymers among graft copolymers, which act as cross-linking points to form supramolecular networks, resulting in the formation of soft materials, such as gels and films. Vine-twining polymerization using appropriately designed guest polymers has also been performed, which leads to supramolecular products that exhibit new functionality.1	Introduction2	Vine-Twining Polymerization to Form Supramolecular Inclusion Complexes3	Selective Complexation of Amylose toward Guest Polymers in Vine-Twining Polymerization4	Hierarchical Architecture of Amylosic Supramolecular Network Materials by Vine-Twining Polymerization Approach5	Hierarchical Fabrication of Amylosic Supramolecular Materials by Vine-Twining Polymerization Using Designed Guest Polymers6	Conclusions
Effect of Simvastatin Use in Free Tissue Transfer: An Experimental Study in a Rat Epigastric Free Flap Model
Authors: Abdelfattah Usama , Elbanoby Tarek , Kim Eun Na , Park Eun Jung , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Hong Joon Pio Jp 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Statins are traditionally used in lowering cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein biosynthesis, but recent reports show their beneficial effect on microcirculation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simvastatin on the microcirculation and in conjunction with aspirin in a rat free epigastric flap model.
Methods Thirty-six Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into group A (control, n = 12), group B (simvastatin treated, n = 12), and group C (simvastatin and aspirin, n = 12). Bilateral free epigastric skin flap was used to evaluate the effect. At 48 hours, flaps biopsies were evaluated for inflammatory activity, nitric oxide content, and thrombomodulin regulation in the endothelial lining of microvessels. Flap survival was evaluated on day 7.
Results The diameter of microvessels and nitric oxide activity in groups B and C were significantly higher than in group A (p < 0.005 and 0.015, respectively). The perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates and intravascular adhesions were predominant in group A compared with groups B and C (p < 0.005). Groups B and C demonstrated significant higher degree of thrombomodulin expression. The flap survival rate on day 7 was 70.8% for group A, and 87.5% and 91.7%, respectively, for groups B and C without significance between the two (p = 0.675).
Conclusion Simvastatin significantly improves the free flap survival by effective anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, and anticoagulant activities. Combined therapy did not have an antagonistic effect and further study is needed to see synergistic action through different mechanisms.
Effects of Femur Position on Radiographic Assessment of Femoral Head and Neck Excision Completeness in Cats
Authors: Howser Alicia L. , Vinayak Arathi , Ward Michael P. , Kim Jongmin , Vogel Peter L. , Ikuta Courtney L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of femoral position on radiographic assessment of completeness of femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) in cats.
Study Design The study included 20 femurs from adult cats. Complete FHNE was performed on 10 femurs and incomplete excision consisting of inadequate excision of the distal medial femoral neck was performed on 10 femurs. The lesser trochanter was maintained in all femurs. Each femur was positioned through a predetermined set of eight radiographic views about the long axis. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP) and accuracy were calculated for each femoral position.
Results Craniocaudal views of the femur in external rotation (30° and 45°) had the highest SE, SP and accuracy (SE: 97.5% and 97.5%; SP: 92.5% and 95%; and accuracy: 95% and 96%, respectively) followed by external rotation of 15 (SE: 92.5%, SP: 87.5% and accuracy: 90%) relative to standard craniocaudal (SE: 57.5%, SP: 72.5%, accuracy: 65%) and lateromedial (SE: 2.5%, SP: 0%, accuracy: 1%) radiographic views.
Conclusions Evaluation of craniocaudal radiographic views with the femurs in external rotation can increase the ability to assess the adequacy of the FHNE in cats.
New Insights on Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis
Authors: Queiroz-Telles Flá vio de , Peçanha Pietrobom Paula Massaroni , Rosa Júnior Marcos , Baptista Rodrigo de Melo , Peçanha Paulo Mendes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractParacoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most relevant systemic endemic mycoses in Latin American countries, especially in South American countries, with endemic and hyperendemic areas. The real burden of PCM may be underestimated because of a lack of compulsory case notification. Recent phylogenetic data revealed that Paracoccidioides brasiliensis comprises several cryptic species including P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii. However, the genetic biodiversity of Paracoccidioides does not affect the clinical manifestations or therapeutic response to therapy. Lung involvement is a common finding, especially in patients experiencing the chronic form of the disease, and, because of its similarities with tuberculosis, clinicians must be alert to the possibility of PCM in patients with chronic respiratory manifestations and epidemiological risk factors for this fungal disease.
Alterations in Surgically Created Intimal Lesions: An Observation Study in the Aortic Rat Model
Authors: Wolff Constantin T. , Ritschl Lucas M. , Düring Monika von , Fichter Andreas M. , Mücke Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Intimal injury in microvessels due to common risk factors such as atherosclerosis or inadequate manipulation are known to have a major impact on developing thrombosis and eventually vascular obstruction. Understanding of these injuries is therefore of great significance to prevent far-reaching consequences such as flap loss in free tissue transfer. It was the aim of this study to evaluate artificially induced intimal lesions with focus on alteration in size and configuration.
Methods Intimal defects were created surgically in the abdominal aorta of 30 male Wistar rats. After planimetric measurement of the defect sizes, configuration of defects were classified as round, horizontal, or vertical. Seven days postoperatively, the rats underwent a second-look surgery. Finally, the abdominal aorta was harvested, and the endothelial defects were reevaluated concerning size and configuration using a defined pattern.
Results The mean defect size created intraoperatively was 1.68 ± 0.6 mm2. The classification of the defects configurations resulted in 43.3% round, 20% horizontal, and 36.7% vertical defects. Reevaluation at 7 days after surgery showed defect shrinkage in 96.7% in total and 42.8% averaging due to reendothelialization. A shift in defect configuration was detected in 56.7%, the strongest being in vertical defect configurations (100%). Vascular occlusion did not occur in any of the specimen.
Conclusion Intimal injuries undergo a fast repair process in terms of size reduction and configuration modification due to reendothelialization. Especially vertical defects, representing a great risk for thrombus formation, convert into lower risk horizontal defect configurations. In high-flow vessels such as the rat aortas, small endothelial damage seems to have no significant impact to produce complete vascular occlusion. Still, all efforts should be made to avoid any kind of intimal injury.
Invasive Candidiasis
Authors: Gonzalez-Lara María F. , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInvasive candidiasis (IC) is the most frequent health care associated invasive fungal infection. It is also associated with high morbidity, mortality, and cost. The most frequent etiologic agent is Candida albicans, but non-albicans species are increasing and associated with reduced antifungal susceptibility and outbreaks. Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant species recently described. IC presents as a spectrum of disease, going from fungemia to deep-seated candidiasis, and to septic shock with multiorgan failure. Diagnosis of IC is challenging. Several biomarkers and molecular methods are available for improving diagnosis. Early initial treatment with echinocandins is the treatment of choice. Step-down therapy when antifungal susceptibility is available is possible. Several new antifungal agents for the treatment of IC are in clinical development.
Year in Review: Synopsis of Selected Articles in Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care from 2019
Authors: Leong KokWeng , Dalby Tara , Venkatraghavan Lashmi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis review is a synopsis of selected articles from neuroscience, neuroanesthesia, and neurocritical care from 2019 (January–November 2019). The journals reviewed included anesthesia journals, critical care medicine journals, neurosurgical journals, as well as high-impact medical journals such as the Lancet, Journal of American Medical Association, New England Journal of Medicine, and Stroke. This summary of important articles will serve to update the knowledge of anesthesiologists and other perioperative physicians who provide care to neurosurgical and neurocritical cases.
Transformation of speech sequences in human sensorimotor circuits
Authors: Müsch Kathrin , Himberger Kevin , Tan Kean Ming , Valiante Taufik A. , Honey Christopher J. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
When we hear a series of words, it is not only the auditory pathways of our brains that respond, but also the pathways that organize speech and action. What is the purpose of “motor” activity during language perception? We recorded electrical signals from the surfaces of the brain as people heard, mentally rehearsed, and spoke natural sentences. We found that human motor pathways generated precise, time-locked representations of sentences during listening. When listening was complete, the motor activity transformed to a distinct representation while people repeated the sentence in their heads and as they spoke the sentence aloud. Thus, motor circuits generate representations that can bridge from perception to short-term memory of spoken language.
Impact of inversion symmetry on a quasi-1D S  =  1 system
Authors: Kim J K , Ranjith K M , Burkhardt U , Prots Yu , Baenitz M , Valldor M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis and magnetic properties of a novel, centrosymmetric, quasi-1D spin chain system La3VWS3O6, with hexagonal crystal structure (P63/m, a  =  9.460 76(3), c  =  5.518 09(2) Å). Pure powders were obtained by solid-state reactions from La2O3, WO3 and metal powders of V and W. X-ray powder diffraction, specific heat, magnetization, 139La-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electric resistivity measurements indicate that the compound is a low dimensional magnet with an S  =  1 spin chain that exhibits no sign of magnetic ordering above 2 K. A single ion anisotropy (D/k
B ~ 10 K), caused by magneto-crystalline effects, is probably responsible for a thermodynamic entropy release at lower temperatures, which concurs with 139La-NMR data. By detailed comparison with non-centrosymmetric Ba3V2S4O3, having a very similar magnetic lattice, it is obvious that the presence of crystallographic inversion symmetry has an effect on the behaviour of the magnetic chains.
A Web-based blood donation and Medical Monitoring System Integrating Cloud services and Mobile Application
Authors: Nabil Moh. , Ihab R. , El Masry H. , Said S. , Youssef S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Medical monitoring requires instant visibility across data sources and access to dynamic analyses. However medical monitoring among patients, perform in-stream medical advice, remains a challenging problem. Blood banks suffer frequent shortage of blood due to lack of blood donations, hence blood donation requests are frequently seen on social media for patients who urgently require blood transfusion with specific blood group. Recently, worldwide efforts have been undertaken to utilize social media and smart phone applications to make the blood donation process more convenient and provide a concrete information system that allows donors and blood donation centers to communicate efficiently and coordinate with each other to minimize time and effort required for blood donation process. This paper aims at developing a Cloud medical monitoring and Web-Based Blood Donation System which will allow blood donors and patients to offer/request blood donation from blood banks. Additionally, a new method is proposed for continuous observation and communication among doctors and patients. Using IOT cloud platform, simple medical devices equipped with medical sensors can monitor health status of patients and update the electronic medical records of patients’ information. Medical experts can remotely monitor patients dynamic status and give prompt medical advice. The developed Web-Based application utilizes a cloud based hosting platform to enhance system performance and ensure high availability. A mobile application has been developed where users will be able to use as an application installed on their smart phones to help them complete blood donation process with minimum effort and time. This application helps people receive remotely medical advices and helps establish a blood donation community through social networks. This paper also presents various tools that were used to measure system performance.
Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Software Defined Networking Controllers against Denial of Service Attacks
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed F , Salem Fatty M , Tammam Ashraf , Abdel Azeem Mohamed H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Software defined networking (SDN) utilization within networking architecture represents a way of looking at how networks are configured, controlled, and operated. Managed services such as routing, load balancing, and security can be automated and centralized dynamically in SDN controllers. Controllers act as the centralized repository of policy and control instructions for the network that packets are transmitted through it. Any transmitted packets flooded from an attacker that intends to access the controller will result to Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Thus, this paper is devoted to simulate and examine the impact of DoS attack on the bandwidth of two different linked hosts (Server/client) by SDN controllers as POX, RYU, and Opendaylight (ODL) controllers. The network performance is tested and emulated by using different testing tools of simulation in Mininet such as Hping3, iperf, jperf, wireshark and miniedit. Also, the performances of the controllers against DoS attack proposed by different protocols using user datagram protocol (UDP) and transmission control protocol (TCP) which will be assess via OpenFlow switch.
A novel approach of image encryption using pixel shuffling and 3D chaotic map
Authors: Benlashram Arwa , Al-Ghamdi Maryam , AlTalhi Rawan , Kaouther Laabidi Pr. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
– In recent years, with rapid development in information and communication technologies, sharing digital images in social media have facilitated. However, since images privacy matters in our society, keeping images protected became a big challenge we have to deal with. In this paper, we propose a new image encryption method using Image Pixel Shuffling and 3D Chaotic map. First, the plain image is encoded using pixel shuffling, then the result is XORed with a key, and finally, the 3D chaotic map is performed on it. The security will be increased by using three steps to encrypt the image. Our results show that the proposed approach has a good performance and it is better than those of some notable image encryption algorithms. We got entropy value 7.9901 of cipher image, NPCR of 99.6628%, and UACI of 33.6781%. MATLAB was used to implement the proposed image encryption approach.