bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Network Analysis of COVID-19 Public Discourse on Twitter: Implications for Risk Communication
Authors: Pascual-Ferrá Paola , Alperstein Neil , Barnett Daniel J. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the use of social network analysis to understand public discourse on Twitter around the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We examined different network properties that might affect the successful dissemination by and adoption of public health messages from public health officials and health agencies.Methods:We focused on conversations on Twitter during 3 key communication events from late January to early June of 2020. We used Netlytic, a Web-based software that collects publicly available data from social media sites such as Twitter.Results:We found that the network of conversations around COVID-19 is highly decentralized, fragmented, and loosely connected; these characteristics can hinder the successful dissemination of public health messages in a network. Competing conversations and misinformation can hamper risk communication efforts in a way that imperil public health.Conclusions:Looking at basic metrics might create a misleading picture of the effectiveness of risk communication efforts on social media if not analyzed within the context of the larger network. Social network analysis of conversations on social media should be an integral part of how public health officials and agencies plan, monitor, and evaluate risk communication efforts.
Perceived Risk of Being Infected With SARS-CoV-2: A Perspective From Indonesia
Authors: Harapan Harapan , Anwar Samsul , Nainu Firzan , Setiawan Abdul M. , Yufika Amanda , Winardi Wira , Gan Alex Kurniawan , Sofyan Hizir , Mudatsir Mudatsir , Oktari Rina Suryani , Wagner Abram L. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to determine the level of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk perceptions in Indonesia and characterize predictors of perceptions.Methods:An online cross-sectional study was conducted. A questionnaire assessed perceived risk and collected independent variables, including sociodemographic data. A multivariable linear regression model was used to characterize the relationship between independent variables and perceived risk.Results:We included 1379 respondents in the final analysis with the mean and median of perceived risk score was 19.21% and 10.0%, respectively. Respondents aged between 21 and 30 years had the highest perceived risk, and those who were unmarried had 4.3% higher perceived risk compared with those who were married. Compared with the lowest monthly income group, those making Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 6-10 million and more than IDR 10 million a month believed they had 4.2% and 8.8% higher risk, respectively. Citizens who lived in cities and health-care workers also had a higher perceived risk compared with those in the rural areas and non–health-care workers, respectively.Conclusions:Perceived risk of COVID-19 in Indonesia is relatively low, and this could hamper the adoption of preventive measures of COVID-19. Efforts to increase the awareness and perceived risk are important to prevent the pandemic from escalating.
Current Data Gaps in Modeling Essential Worker Absenteeism Due to COVID-19
Authors: White Zackery , Schlegelmilch Jeff , Ratner Jackie , Saxena Gunjan , Wongsodirdjo Kevin , Aguilar Susanna , Kushner Daniel , Ortega Jim , Paaso Aleksi , Bahramirad Shay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the uncertain physical and mental health implications of COVID-19 infection, companies have taken a myriad of actions that aim to reduce the risk of employees contracting the virus, with most grounded in reducing or eliminating in-person interactions. Our preliminary analysis indicates that while there is some data to support modelling absenteeism, there are gaps in the available evidence, requiring the use of assumptions that limit precision and efficacy for decision support. Improved data on time-to-recovery after hospitalization, absenteeism due to family or other household member illness, and mental health’s impact on returning to work will support the development of more robust absenteeism models and analytical approaches.
Possibilities of Limiting the Protection of Large-Scale Investments in Farmland
Authors: Cometti Zoe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLarge-scale investments in farmland can generate adverse effects on food security, minority groups, and the environment. Consequently, this Article analyzes to what extent international investment law has the potential to prevent those effects, considering the current investment treaty reform towards a symmetrical mechanism promoting sustainable development. First this Article presents the current substantive standard on expropriation of large-scale investments in farmland and the regulatory space left for host states. This Article then frames a potential public interest clause that would have the effect of granting due protection to investors and the right to regulate to host states, while not undermining the public interest and also preventing the adverse effects of these investments.
Hegel's Philosophy of Biology? A Programmatic Overview
Authors: Gambarotto Andrea , Illetterati Luca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents what we call ‘Hegel's philosophy of biology’ to a target audience of both Hegel scholars and philosophers of biology. It also serves to introduce a special issue of theHegel Bulletinentirely dedicated to a first mapping of this yet to be explored domain of Hegel studies. We submit that Hegel's philosophy of biology can be understood as a radicalization of the Kantian approach to organisms, and as prefiguring current philosophy of biology in important ways, especially with regard to the nature of biological organization, the role of teleology in biological explanation, and the relation between life and cognition.
Equines as reservoirs of human fascioliasis: transmission capacity, epidemiology and pathogenicity inFasciola hepatica-infected mules
Authors: Mera y Sierra R. , Neira G. , Bargues M.D. , Cuervo P.F. , Artigas P. , Logarzo L. , Cortiñas G. , Ibaceta D.E.J. , Lopez Garrido A. , Bisutti E. , Mas-Coma S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by liver flukes transmitted by freshwater lymnaeid snails. Donkey and horse reservoir roles have been highlighted in human endemic areas. Liver fluke infection in mules has received very limited research. Their role in disease transmission, epidemiological importance andFasciola hepaticapathogenicity are studied for the first time. Prevalence was 39.5% in 81 mules from Aconcagua, and 24.4% in 127 from Uspallata, in high-altitude areas of Mendoza province, Argentina. A mean amount of 101,242 eggs/mule/day is estimated. Lymnaeids from Uspallata proved to belong to ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) markers ITS-1 and ITS-2 combined haplotype 3C ofGalba truncatula. These lymnaeids were experimentally susceptible to infection by egg miracidia from mules. Infectivity, number of cercariae/snail and shedding period fit the enhancedF. hepatica/G. truncatulatransmission pattern at very high altitude. This indicates that the mule is able to maintain theF. hepaticacycle independently. Individual burdens of 20 and 97 flukes were found. Mule infection susceptibility is intermediate between donkey and horse, although closer to the latter. Anatomo-pathology and histopathology indicate that massive infection may cause mule death. Haematological value decreases of red blood cells, haemoglobin, leucocytes and lymphocytes indicate anaemia and strong immunosuppression. Strongly increased biochemical marker values indicate liver function alterations. The mule probably played a role in the past exchanges with Chile and Bolivia through Mendoza province. Evidence suggests that mules could contribute to the spread of bothF. hepaticaandG. truncatulato human fascioliasis-endemic areas in these countries.
Should adults with isolated serous otitis media be undergoing routine biopsies of the post-nasal space?
Authors: Cunniffe H A , Gona A K , Phillips J S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSerous otitis media is a recognised presentation of Eustachian tube dysfunction secondary to post-nasal space pathology. Post-nasal space biopsies are commonly taken in patients with isolated serous otitis media, despite normal nasendoscopy findings, without robust evidence for doing so. This study examined cases of unilateral serous otitis media with effusion in adults. It is the largest known retrospective study to investigate whether post-nasal space biopsies are indicated in non-endemic regions.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of 119 patients who underwent post-nasal space biopsy because of isolated serous otitis media, in a tertiary referral centre, from 2007 to 2017. Endoscopic examination and final histological report findings were reviewed.ResultsOf the 119 patients identified, 6 (5.0 per cent) were found to have abnormal histology. In all six cases, suspicious clinical findings had been noted on nasendoscopic examination prior to biopsy.ConclusionSuspicious findings pre-operatively predict sinister pathology. Biopsies are not recommended in cases of adult serous otitis media with normal nasendoscopy findings if no other risk factors exist. A UK-wide retrospective study or prospective study over the next 10 years will help provide the evidence necessary to support this guidance.
Variation in Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in Hawaii, a global hotspot of rat lungworm disease
Authors: Niebuhr Chris N. , Siers Shane R. , Leinbach Israel L. , Kaluna Lisa M. , Jarvi Susan I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAngiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) is a tropical and subtropical parasitic nematode, with infections in humans causing angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm disease), characterized by eosinophilic meningitis. Hawaii has been identified as a global hotspot of infection, with recent reports of high infection rates in humans, as well as rat definitive and snail intermediate hosts. This study investigated variation in A. cantonensis infection, both prevalence and intensity, in wild populations of two species of rats (Rattus exulans and R. rattus) and one species of snail (Parmarion martensi). An overall infection prevalence of 86.2% was observed in P. martensi and 63.8% in rats, with R. exulans (77.4%) greater than R. rattus (47.6%). We found infections to vary with environmental and host-related factors. Body mass was a strong predictor of infection in all three species, with different patterns seen between sexes and species of rats. Infection prevalence and intensity for R. exulans were high in May 2018 and again in February 2019, but generally lower and more variable during the intervening months. Information on sources of variability of infection in wild host populations will be a crucial component in predicting the effectiveness of future disease surveillance or targeted management strategies.
Quality of health economic evaluations submitted to the Italian Medicines Agency: current state and future actions
Authors: Carletto Angelica , Zanuzzi Matteo , Sammarco Annalisa , Russo Pierluigi 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the current state of health economic evaluations (HEEs) submitted by pharmaceutical companies to the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) as part of their pricing and reimbursement (P&R) dossiers, and to explore potential future actions in order to enhance their quality.MethodsAll company dossiers submitted from October 2016 to December 2018 were reviewed to select those containing pharmacoeconomic studies. The general characteristics of HEEs were described and their quality assessed based on a checklist adapted from Philips et al. (Review of guidelines for good practice in decision-analytic modelling in health technology assessment. Health Technol Assess. 2004;8: 1–158).ResultsOf the 299 dossiers submitted to AIFA, 105 included one or more pharmacoeconomic studies, of which fifty-three were cost-effectiveness analyses. Overall, the compliance of the HEEs with the quality checklist was highly variable: some studies reached high methodological standards whereas others had serious flaws (mean 59.22 percent, range 19.35–90.32 percent). The main weaknesses were the unjustified exclusion of relevant alternatives, poor description and justification of model data and assumptions, and insufficient exploration of uncertainty and study validity. Non-homogeneity across studies was found in study perspectives, discount rates, methods for costing, estimating quality-adjusted life-years and conducting sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsBased on the results of this study, the recommended actions for increasing the quality of HEEs within reimbursement submissions in Italy are twofold: first, to set methodological standards for conducting and reporting HEEs; second, to strengthen the internal assessment process, also through the acquisition of companies' models and re-evaluation of results. These actions will hopefully provide greater contribution to the evidence-based P&R decision making.
Diet quality, excess body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents living in São Paulo, Brazil and in the USA: differences and similarities
Authors: Pereira Jaqueline L , Mattei Josiemer , Isasi Carmen R , Van Horn Linda , Carnethon Mercedes R , Daviglus Martha L , Perera Marisa J , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Fisberg Regina M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To compare diet quality and its association with excess body weight (EBW: overweight/obesity), central adiposity (CA) and CVD risk factors (CVDR) among adolescents from Brazil and USA.Design:Data from two cross-sectional surveys: Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Nutrition) and Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL-Youth). Dietary intake was assessed from 24-h recalls, and diet quality using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI) developed in the USA and the Revised Brazilian Healthy Eating Index (BHEI-R). CVDR was defined as ≥3 of: obesity, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, high plasma glucose and insulin resistance. Adjusted OR for EBW, CA and CVDR by diet quality were tested using logistic regression.Setting:São Paulo, Brazil; and Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; Bronx, NY; San Diego, CA.Participants:Adolescents (12–16 years) living in São Paulo (n 189) and USA (n 787).Results:ISA-Nutrition individuals with EBW (v. without) had marginally lower (unhealthier) scores for whole grains using BHEI-R and sugary beverages using AHEI. SOL-Youth individuals with EBW had lower scores of nuts/legumes using AHEI, and Na using BHEI-R, but higher scores of whole grains and dairy using BHEI-R. In ISA-Nutrition, BHEI-R was inversely associated with EBW (OR = 0·87; 95 % CI 0·80, 0·95) and CVDR (OR = 0·89; 95 % CI 0·80, 0·98). In SOL-Youth, AHEI was inversely associated with EBW (OR = 0·93; 95 % CI 0·87, 0·99).Conclusions:Dietary improvements should be made by adolescents in both USA and Brazil. Healthier diet quality as measured with the country-specific index was associated with lower odds of EBW in Brazilian and USA-Hispanic/Latino adolescents, and with lower CVDR in Brazilian adolescents.
Autoantibody-dependent amplification of inflammation in SLE
Authors: Lou Hantao , Wojciak-Stothard Beata , Ruseva Marieta M. , Cook H. Terence , Kelleher Peter , Pickering Matthew C. , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Screaton Gavin R. , Xu Xiao-Ning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) are a hallmark of SLE but their role in disease pathogenesis is not fully resolved. Anti-dsDNA in serum are highly heterogeneous therefore in this study, we aimed to dissect the functional specificities of anti-dsDNA using a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (humAbs) generated from patients with active lupus nephritis. A total of 46 ANA reactive humAbs were isolated and divided into four broad classes based on their reactivity to histones, DNA andCrithidia. Functional analysis indicated that one subclass of antibodies bound strongly to decondensed DNA areas in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and protected NETs from nuclease digestion, similar to the sera from active SLE patients. In addition, these anti-dsDNA antibodies could stimulate type I interferon responses in mononuclear phagocytic cells, or NF-kB activity in endothelial cells, by uptake of NETs-anti-NETs immune complexes and subsequently trigging inflammatory responses in an Fc-gamma receptor (Fcg-R)-dependant manner. Together our data suggest that only a subset of anti-dsDNA antibodies is capable to amplify inflammatory responses by deposit in the nephritic kidney in vivo, protecting NETs digestion as well as uptake of NETs immune complexes into Fcg-R-expressing cells in vitro.
CHIP as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Hu Zheng-wei , Mao Cheng-yuan , Shi Chang-he , Xu Yu-ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarboxy-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) functions both as a molecular co-chaperone and ubiquitin E3 ligase playing a critical role in modulating the degradation of numerous chaperone-bound proteins. To date, it has been implicated in the regulation of numerous biological functions, including misfolded-protein refolding, autophagy, immunity, and necroptosis. Moreover, the ubiquitous expression of CHIP in the central nervous system suggests that it may be implicated in a wide range of functions in neurological diseases. Several recent studies of our laboratory and other groups have highlighted the beneficial role of CHIP in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. The objective of this review is to discuss the possible molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases in which CHIP has a pivotal role, such as stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and polyglutamine diseases; furthermore, CHIP mutations could also cause neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the available literature, CHIP overexpression could serve as a promising therapeutic target for several neurological diseases.
InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide
Authors: Diagne C. , Leroy B. , Gozlan R. E. , Vaissière A.-C. , Assailly C. , Nuninger L. , Roiz D. , Jourdain F. , Jarić I. , Courchamp F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiological invasions are responsible for tremendous impacts globally, including huge economic losses and management expenditures. Efficiently mitigating this major driver of global change requires the improvement of public awareness and policy regarding its substantial impacts on our socio-ecosystems. One option to contribute to this overall objective is to inform people on the economic costs linked to these impacts; however, until now, a reliable synthesis of invasion costs has never been produced at a global scale. Here, we introduce InvaCost as the most up-to-date, comprehensive, harmonised and robust compilation and description of economic cost estimates associated with biological invasions worldwide. We have developed a systematic, standardised methodology to collect information from peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, while ensuring data validity and method repeatability for further transparent inputs. Our manuscript presents the methodology and tools used to build and populate this living and publicly available database. InvaCost provides an essential basis (2419 cost estimates currently compiled) for worldwide research, management efforts and, ultimately, for data-driven and evidence-based policymaking.
A database of zooplankton biomass in Australian marine waters
Authors: McEnnulty Felicity R. , Davies Claire H. , Armstrong Asia O , Atkins Natalia , Coman Frank , Clementson Lesley , Edgar Steven , Eriksen Ruth S. , Everett Jason D. , Anthony Koslow J. , Lønborg Christian , McKinnon A. David , Miller Margaret , O’Brien Todd D. , Pausina Sarah A. , Uribe-Palomino Julian , Rochester Wayne , Rothlisberg Peter C. , Slotwinski Anita , Strzelecki Joanna , Suthers Iain M. , Swadling Kerrie M. , Tonks Mark L. , van Ruth Paul D. , Young Jock W. , Richardson Anthony J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractZooplankton biomass data have been collected in Australian waters since the 1930s, yet most datasets have been unavailable to the research community. We have searched archives, scanned the primary and grey literature, and contacted researchers, to collate 49187 records of marine zooplankton biomass from waters around Australia (0–60°S, 110–160°E). Many of these datasets are relatively small, but when combined, they provide >85 years of zooplankton biomass data for Australian waters from 1932 to the present. Data have been standardised and all available metadata included. We have lodged this dataset with the Australian Ocean Data Network, allowing full public access. The Australian Zooplankton Biomass Database will be valuable for global change studies, research assessing trophic linkages, and for initialising and assessing biogeochemical and ecosystem models of lower trophic levels.
A dataset of clinically recorded radar vital signs with synchronised reference sensor signals
Authors: Schellenberger Sven , Shi Kilin , Steigleder Tobias , Malessa Anke , Michler Fabian , Hameyer Laura , Neumann Nina , Lurz Fabian , Weigel Robert , Ostgathe Christoph , Koelpin Alexander 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing Radar it is possible to measure vital signs through clothing or a mattress from the distance. This allows for a very comfortable way of continuous monitoring in hospitals or home environments. The dataset presented in this article consists of 24 h of synchronised data from a radar and a reference device. The implemented continuous wave radar system is based on the Six-Port technology and operates at 24 GHz in the ISM band. The reference device simultaneously measures electrocardiogram, impedance cardiogram and non-invasive continuous blood pressure. 30 healthy subjects were measured by physicians according to a predefined protocol. The radar was focused on the chest while the subjects were lying on a tilt table wired to the reference monitoring device. In this manner five scenarios were conducted, the majority of them aimed to trigger hemodynamics and the autonomic nervous system of the subjects. Using the database, algorithms for respiratory or cardiovascular analysis can be developed and a better understanding of the characteristics of the radar-recorded vital signs can be gained.
Cross-sectional study of human coding- and non-coding RNAs in progressive stages of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Lario Sergio , Ramírez-Lázaro María J. , González-Lahera Aintzane , Lavín José L. , Vila-Casadesús Maria , Quílez María E. , Brunet-Vega Anna , Lozano Juan J. , Aransay Ana M. , Calvet Xavier 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHelicobacter pylori infects 4.4 billion individuals worldwide and is considered the most important etiologic agent for peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Individual response to H. pylori infection is complex and depends on complex interactions between host and environmental factors. The pathway towards gastric cancer is a sequence of events known as Correa’s model of gastric carcinogenesis, a stepwise inflammatory process from normal mucosa to chronic-active gastritis, atrophy, metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma. This study examines gastric clinical specimens representing different steps of the Correa pathway with the aim of identifying the expression profiles of coding- and non-coding RNAs that may have a role in Correa’s model of gastric carcinogenesis. We screened for differentially expressed genes in gastric biopsies by employing RNAseq, microarrays and qRT-PCR. Here we provide a detailed description of the experiments, methods and results generated. The datasets may help other scientists and clinicians to find new clues to the pathogenesis of H. pylori and the mechanisms of progression of the infection to more severe gastric diseases. Data is available via ArrayExpress.