bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A morphological and anatomical comparative Study of the Reproductive parts of the genus Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae) in northern Iraq
Authors: AL-Abide Naglaa M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present study aims Morphological characteristics studies (for flowers, fruits, and seeds) and anatomical characteristics (petiole fruit, fruits and seeds) of 6 species are:
Veronica anagills-aquatica
L.,
Veronica anagilloides
L.,
Veronica arvensis
L.,
Veronica cymbalaria
bod.,
Veronica persica
L. and
Veronica polita
Fries
Wild grow in northern Iraq and belonging to the genus Veronica L., which belongs to the Plantaginaceae family, which was formerly classified within the Scrophulariaceae family, The results of the morphology study of the flowers showed a distinct difference in the colors of the petiole were violate in V. anagills-aquatic and pink in V. anagilloides and blue in other species, while all species were similar to the Insertion of the stamens on the petals (Epipetalous), and the pistils on the receptacle. While there was a clear difference in the shape and dimensions of the fruits, the two-lobes were obcordate in species V. anagills - aquatica., V. anagilloides, V. arvensis and trilobed in the V. cymbalaria, V. Persica and tetralobed in V. polita. A variation in the types and shape of Indumentum also appeared, as was their number within the fruit ranged between 2-40 seeds and since their characteristics are constant and unchanged with the environment, so it is one of the most important taxonomic characteristics. The fruit holder has a variation in the thickness of the plant tissues and the way they are arranged, and the thickness of the fruit casing differs according to the species studied, and the thickness and shape of the transverse section in the seeds different from the studied species
Assessment the relationship between kidney stone formation and river water by EDX
Authors: Walli Hazim A , Abed Ali Wisam jasim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Urinary stones a worldwide problem for affecting more number of people. The urinary stones which formed to the deposition of few minerals & crystalline materials. Urinary stone samples are analyze by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The present study have been to identify the minerals and elements, those are present in urinary stones and attempt to establish its morphological structure and elemental compositions. In the present study the minerals and morphological changes of different samples of human urinary stones are evaluated using XRD & SEM methods and the relationship with river water. The urinary samples are analyzed to identify the concentration of elements such as it Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S and Zn by EDX method, also study some physical and chemical properties of river water and the relation with kidney stone formation.
Effect of pesticides on soil microorganisms
Authors: AL-Ani Mehjin A M , Hmoshi Rawaa M , Kanaan Ibtiha A , Thanoon Abdullah A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In light of the rapidly growing human population, extensive pesticides have been utilized to maximize crop production. This has become a major environmental concern. To assess the influence of commonly used pesticides on soil microorganisms counts and microbial activities in the form of CO2 production, a factorial experiment was conducted. Herbicide (Glyset I.P.A, Glyphosate 48%) and insecticides Miraj (Alphacypermethrin 10%) and Malathion (50% WP) were separately added to the soil at 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm and incubated in the laboratory at 30 °C. The counts of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and CO2 production were examined weekly for 7 consecutive weeks. The results demonstrated that the addition of the three mentioned pesticides significantly decreased the microbial activities and counts of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. The observed effect was depended upon the type and amount of pesticide as well as the length of incubation period. The microbial activities and the number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were inversely proportional to the concentration of pesticides added to the soil. In most treatments, soil samples treated with 200ppm of Malathion demonstrated the lowest microbial activities and counts of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. This study suggests that the investigated pesticides negatively affect microbial counts and activity in soil, which confirms and reinforces previously reported environmental concerns.
Experimental study of the effectiveness of water-air suspension to prevent an explosion
Authors: Vambol S , Vambol V , Abees Hmood Al-Khalidy Khadeeja 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For many countries where mining facilities exist, the importance of the mining sector is steadily increasing. Also, the mining sector is central to the global economy. However, the environment is adversely affected by explosions of finely dispersed coal dust and methane-air mixture in the mine. Dust deposited on the surface of the mine workings is as dangerous as hovering dust. The use of a water suspension system is effective for reducing the concentration of coal dust because dispersion increases. To ensure technological and environmental safety during combustion, release, mixing and distribution of gas impurities in the atmosphere (including in multiply connected areas with complex terrain or in closed spaces), an adequate mathematical description of the processes of creating and maintaining multiphase dispersed structures is required. The creation of such a mathematical model is possible only using the system of unsteady Navier–Stokes equations for compressible gas. For the practical implementation of this mathematical model, experimental studies are needed, which will confirm the possibility to create a water suspension with the necessary dispersion, the area of irrigated surface and at the required distance by the atomizer. The maximum range (in the extreme drops) of the jet was measured from the projection of the atomizer barrel onto the test site using pre-installed beacons. The size of the water droplets was determined by sampling from a stream on small glass slides coated with a thin layer of paraffin. Glass slides were photographed under a microscope and the diameter of the drop was determined using software. It was established experimentally that spraying a liquid with a mass flow rate of 1.0 l/s through square cells measuring 150 μm ensures the formation of a stable water-air dispersed suspension at a distance of 10 m. This is the most effective range where a stable air-dispersed air curtain was formed. By numerical simulation, it was established that the presence of water droplets provides not only complete deposition of coal dust, but also an additional decrease in the overpressure and temperature of the high-temperature cloud of the combustion products of the methane-air mixture. This is due to the transition of the liquid phase to the vapor state. From the analysis of the simulation results it can be seen that the effectiveness of water curtains decreases when extinguishing explosions of only methane-air mixture (that is, without participation in the explosion of coal dust).
Effect of initial pH value on the removal of reactive black dye from water by electrocoagulation (EC) method
Authors: Hashim Khalid S , Hussein Ameer H , Zubaidi Salah L , Kot Patryk , Kraidi Layth , Alkhaddar Rafid , Shaw Andy , Alwash Reham 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the influence of the initial pH on the removal of reactive black 5 dye (RB5) from water using electrocoagulation (EC) reactor supplied with aluminium electrodes. The influence of the initial pH has been investigated by commencing several sets of continuous flow experiments at five different initial pH values (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) keeping the current density, inter-electrodes distance, and the concentration of RB5 constant at 2 mA/cm2, 4 mm, and 25 mg/L, respectively. The obtained results showed that the removal efficiency increased gradually as the initial pH increased from 4 to 6 to reach its maximum level (96%) at the neutral range of pH, then it decreased to 74% as the initial pH increased to 8. This change of the removal efficiency with the initial pH could be attributed to the predominant species of aluminium coagulants, where in alkaline and acidic conditions; the prevailing species have low adsorption capacity for pollutants. While, in the neutral range of pH, the predominant species have high adsorption capacity for pollutants.
Synthesis by anodisation method, characterization by SEM and EDS, and degradable ability of TiO2 nanotubes.
Authors: Al-Abdulaziz Bassam RA , Al-Abdulaziz Masara B A , Al-Abdullah Zainab T , Al-Imarah Faris J M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Obtaining of TiO2 nanotubes could be performed by anodized Ti in fluoride based electrolyte. During the growth of TiO2 nanotubes within the influence of anodizing process of Ti, a certain parameters are required, electrolyte composition, voltage, and time. The TiO2 nanotube array was synthesized electrochemically in a fluoride containing electrolyte by anodisation method of a pure titanium plate. The anodisation procedure was carried out in ethylene glycol electrolyte; the applied voltage was 60 volt. The average inner diameter of the nanotube was (67 nm) and the average outer diameter was (80 nm). Characterization of the nanotubes crystal structure, morphology, and oxide composition were performed via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). Elemental analysis by EDS shows the presence of fluoride, and confirm the formation of TiO2 nanotubes. The results show the possibility of study the distribution of the composition of the tubes elements using the scanning electron microscope-mapping. Synthesized TiO2 nanotubes were applied for the degradation of organic dye methylene blue as water dye pollutant. It is found that rate of degradation of MB in presence of TiO2 nanotubes was greater than in case of degradation without TiO2 nanotubes. It is clear that the main reason for this behavior belongs to the high surface area of TiO2 nanotubes. For (5) ppm of methylene blue, the degradation in presence of TiO2 nanotubes has done completely after (5 hours)
Assessment of Bombax ceiba Leaves Extract and Pleurotus ostreatus Fungus Filtrate on treatment of some Isolated Dermatophytic Fungi
Authors: Mutlag Nihad H , Juda Muthik A , Hussein Marwa L , Hassan Haneen N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of the ecology department, faculty of science, in order to evaluate the effect of Bombax ceiba leaves extract and Pleurotus ostreatus fungi filterate to treat some of dermatophytic fungi. A bout 50 samples of infectious fungi were collected for isolation. The samples that isolated from skin scraps, human nail clippings, and the fingers were diagnosed as Aspergillus fumigantus which was (41.57%) followed by Aspergillus niger of (37.36%) while other isolated fungi represented 22% on (SDA) medium. The results showed that the epidermis is the most infected by the fungus which reached (54%) in compared with the rest of the body, also the results indicated that the percentage of infection of males was more than females which was 64%The results also, showed that the tested samples on SDA medium, were highly sensitive (100%) to the extract of bombax ceiba leaves in compared with the other antimicrobial artificial agents (Griseofulvin, Miconazole, Nystatin, ketoconazole. wheras the inhibition diameters for studied fungi were 2.5 mm,2mm.1mm and 0 mm, respectively, While the inhibitory effect of the Pleurotus ostreatus fungus filterate was found to be less than susceptibility from the bombax leaves extract which was 75% of petridish area.
Pseudomonas fluorescence Bio -compatibility with chemical fungicide Carboxin 75 and Raxil 2DS to control corn seedling blight causing by Fusarium graminearum, F. moniliforme and F. poliferatum
Authors: Merjan Ali F , Abbas Baidaa M , Husseini Ali Y AL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study was carried out for the purpose of detection and compatibility of Pseudomonas fluorescence and fungicides to control Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium poliferatum.The pathogenicity in filter blotter test indicated that the seed decay symptoms were reduce from corn seeds to 52 for the fungus Fusarium graminearum, 55 for Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium poliferatum 4.5 × 106 was the lowest concentration showed inhibition of fungi growth of 77.5, 77.5, 85% sequentially. No toxic effects of chemical pesticides were recorded on the growth of P.f bacteria when mean concentration were used, the results showed a high degree of compatibility of Pseudomonas fluoresces bacteria with half effective concentration of chemical pesticides to suppressing pathogenic fungi, as well as an increase in plant growth parameters.
Effect of organic waste and aggregate sizes in some of soil physical properties, soil salinity and barley growth (Hordium vulgare L.)
Authors: AL-mosawi Kawther A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of three types of organic waste (chicken, sheep, Cows wastes ) and three different aggregate sizes (<2, <5, <10)mm on some soil physical properties, soil salinity and barley crop growth. The soil texture was clay loam. The soil samples were brought from north of Basrah governorate (Qurna district). The soil samples were dried in the air and then grinded. The soil samples were divided into three parts, one was passed through sieve of 2mm, the second through size of 5mm and the third through size of 10mm.The soils were distributed into plastic pots the amount of the soil was 2kg in each plastic pots the cows, sheep and chicken wastes were mixed with soil. The amount of the waste was 2% of the weight of the soil in each plastic pots the barley crop seeds (Hordium vulgare L.) were planted. The plastic pots were irrigated using tap water to the field capacity. The crop heights ware measured after two months of crop planting. The green and dry weights of the crop were measured after harvesting. The some soil physical properties were also measured namely aggregate stability which expressed as mean weight diameter (MWD), aggregate index, bulk density, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and electrical conductivity. The results showed that the organic wastes significantly affected (improved) MWD, aggregate index, bulk density, total soil porosity, crop height and wet and dry weight of the crop green part. The values of the above parameters are 0.548mm, 0.395, 1.435 Mgm−3, 43.51%, 38.908cm, 14.41 g pots−1 and 2.592g pots−1 respectively compared with control treatment. While the organic wastes did not significantly affect the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil electrical conductivity. The chicken waste gave the highest MWD, aggregate index, total porosity, crop height and the wet and dry weight of the green part of the crop. The percentage of increased are 59.169, 64.890, 15.568, 16.000, 74.140 and 113.671% respectively, whereas the soil bulk density decreased by 9.730% compared with control treatment respectively. The results also showed the soil aggregate sizes significantly affected the aggregate index, soil bulk density, soil total porosity, soil electrical conductivity and crop growth, whereas it did not significantly affect MWD, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. 2mm aggregate surpassed the other aggregates (5 and 10mm) in recording the height values for the above parameters except, soil bulk density and soil electrical conductivity which they decreased with 2mm aggregate.
Studying the effect of some physicochemical properties of the Bahar Al-Najaf soils / IRAQ on the reflection and absorption characteristics of the Landast 8 bands (OLI, TIRS)
Authors: Sulaiman Al-Hamdani Abdulameer , Musa Al-Shimmary Hussain , Kadum Rahman Razzaq 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study was conducted on the Bahar Al-Najaf lands - Iraq in 2016 within the coordinates between the (43º 47−11= - 44º 30−15=) E and (31º 39−16= - 32º 08−08=) N with an area about 2000 km2. 25 surface soil samples by a depth of 15cm were taken within study area, their locations are identified using GPS, They crushed and passed through 2mm sieve openings for some physicochemical analysis: soil grain size distribution, Ec, O.M, PH, gypsum and lime to demonstrate their effects on the reflective and absorptive properties of Landsat 8 sensors bands (OLI, TIRS) which captured on 20-07-2016 and downloaded from the USGS. To deduct study area we use ERDAS imagine 2013 choosing False color Composite RGB (753) with Some improvements (radiation, spectral, spatial) have been made. The laboratory analysis showed that the soils textures ranged between (sandy - clayey), (pH: 7.41-8.37), (OM: 0 - 6.5 g kg−1), (Ec: 1.73 - 177 dsm−1), (Gypsum: 2.67 52.83 g kg−1), (Lime: 13.83 - 620 g kg−1). All locations were highly calcareous, while varied in gypsum content. Spectral Indices values are calculated according to their mathematical formulas, namely BSI, GSI, TCW, NDWI. The gypsum content shows a negative relationship with sand particles, pH, lime, spectral indices and all of Landsat 8 bands except for B2, B3 were positive. While lime content shows positive relationship with all bands, indices and sand particles except for B2 band, NDWI index and the rest soil characteristics studied were negative. Calcareous soils and sandy soils have shown a high reflectivity, indicating the high influencing degree of the lime on the spectral bands comparing to the gypsum effect. A positive correlation relationship between brightness (bands reflectance) and Lime but negative with soil humidity and gypsum. As a negative correlation between Lime and gypsum. The values of the brightness indices BSI, GSI were adopted as indicators for the degree of reflectivity, while the values of absorptive indices TCW, NDWI were used to assess the moisture content and spectral bands absorption. The absorption depth (peak) of the short infrared bands SWI1, SWI2 represented by (B6, B7) respectively were greater than the absorption depth of NIR (B5 band).
Effect of partial replacement of barley grain with wheat bran in the ration and some feed additive on growth and some carcass traits of Awassi lambs
Authors: Abdullah M N , Mohammed O D , Abbo N Y , Yousef S I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted in animal research department at ministry of agriculture, by using 32 Awassi lambs (4-5 months in aged) and average body weight 23.25 ± 0.39 kg. Lambs were allocated into four groups, the first (T1) control fed on ration consist of 88% of ground barley, barley grain in the ration in second group (T2) lowered by 50% and replaced with wheat bran. The lambs in third (T3) and fourth (T4) groups were fed on the same ration of (T2) with addition 10 g/lamb daily of yeast ( Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ) in T3 and 10 g of yeast + 0.25 g Vitamin E-se in T4. The results were indicated that replacement with wheat bran in T2 led to significant (p<0.05) decrease in average daily and total gain 0.193 and 16.88 kg as compared to T1 0.244 and 21.25 kg and the addition yeast was not improve lamb growth 0.191 and 16.62 kg, but the addition of Vit E-se were led to similar gain as in control 0.248 and 21.63 kg with significant (p<0.05) increase as compared to T2 and T4. Highest feed conversion ratio was recorded in T4, while the lowest in T2, hot carcass weight was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in T2 and T3 18.46 and 18.42 kg compared with (T1) 21.60 kg, dressing percentage based on empty body weigh before slaughter was increased significantly (p<0.05) in T1 56.34 as compared other treatments 53.41, 52.48 and 53.68% respectively.
Effect of growth regulator in micropropagation of Catharanthus roses in vitro
Authors: Abdulhadi Mohamed Hussain Al-Mukhtar Sarab , Abd Ali Moslim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the plant tissue culture laboratory of the Horticulture and landscape department – College of Agriculture University of Kerbela during 2017-2018 to investigate the effect of growth regulators in the micropropagation of the Catharanthus roseus iv vitro. The culture of the branches of the Catharanthus roseus plants were obtained by cultivating the shoot tips of the branches of 1 cm length obtained from the developing plants growing in the field. After sterilization and culturing on MS medium supplied with different concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 3) of BA and Kin in separate experiment with steady concentration of 0.5 mg / l of IAA. The results showed a difference in the rate of studied characters according to the type and concentration of cytokines used. The BA in the concentration of 3 mg / L results were significantly higher in the studied traits, including the number and length of the vegetative branches and the soft and dry weight of the vegetative system, it achieved a rate of (21.66 branch / plantlet, 7.00 cm, 1.40 g, 0.71 g) respectively, while the Kin at the same concentration achieved the highest rate of studied traits of (15.66 branch / plantlet, 5.66 cm, 0.93 g, 0.40 g) respectively. The results of the study also showed a difference in the rate of studied traits, which included the number and length of roots and the soft and dry weight of the root total, depending on the type and concentration of auxien used. The IBA result was superior at 1.5 mg / L and with a constant concentration of 0.5 mg / l BA in achieving the highest rate of (36.33 root / shoot, 6.43 cm, 0.35 g, 0.23 g) respectively, while the NAA at the same concentration achieved the highest rate of studied traits (22.00 root / plant fraction, 2.53 cm, 0.21 g, 0.12 g), respectively, and the percentage of success of acclimation plants was 90%.
Water Security Policies in Iraq (Strategic Perspective)
Authors: Aminaadbul-ilahhamdoon  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Water security is a central environmental issue at the global level for economical, political and health consequences in the economies of developing countries. The concept of virtual water is a new tool in water resources management. Water crises are a global problem of long-term economic repercussions and an unbalanced conflict between the supply and demand sides in needing water, which leads to imbalance in the water balance structure and consequently in water policies. And it is particularly important for effective water governance(water management, and its governance) through water politicization, the use virtual water and dealing with water as an economic commodity rather than a free one. The analysts and economic researchers are calling for the era of water in the third millennium instead of the era of oil that characterized at previous years. The research concluded that, in economic terms, water is expected to become a commodity sold and bought as any economic commodity. Water security should be studied from the point of view that relates the problem of water through three dimensions. The first one is related to climate variables and the second to the mismanagement and planning of water resources and the last dimension is the regional because the water sources originate from outside the Iraqi borders. Finally, the research recommends the necessity to move away from linking water with political positions and politics because politics is a rapidly changing world. As the countries of the upstream from the strategic perspective to apply the concept of political economic works to trade bartered oil for water and internationalization of the issue to take a regional dimension and internationally revealing the seriousness of the water situation in Iraq.