bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of tuberculosis in severe acute malnutrition: a prospective observational study
Authors: Thakur Jitendra , Thakur Ranjana , Bhatta Nisha Keshary , Yadav Shankar Prasad , Singh Rupa , Khanal Basudha , Bhattarai Narayan Raj 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Tuberculosis (TB) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children in the developing World. Malnutrition mainly affects cell mediated immunity (CMI) and CMI is the principal host defense against tuberculosis. Hence, there is possibility that children with SAM may have tuberculosis, and often it may be a hidden entity. Further, Children with SAM and TB are 40% more likely to die than children with SAM and without TB. Children with SAM rarely come to health care settings with complaint of under nutrition rather they present for some other illness. For these reasons, this study intends to seek for TB among children with SAM and look into the common presenting complaints.
Methods

All cases of SAM meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated with mantoux, chest x-ray, gastric aspirate/sputum analysis and gene xpert for diagnosis of TB. Other relevant investigations for diagnosis of TB were also sent as per the clinical scenario. Data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft excel. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of data.
Result

Total 107 SAM cases were analyzed. The hospital prevalence of wasting and severe wasting was 11.98% and 0.73% respectively. The prevalence of TB in SAM was 4.67%, commonest being pulmonary TB (60%). 40% of TB cases were without any systemic complaints. Only 19.6% of cases presented with nutritional complaint.
Conclusion

This study found that a significant percentage of cases with SAM had TB and hence adds on the importance of screening for TB (pulmonary TB) in every case of SAM irrespective of symptoms.
Haematological Changes in Benzene Exposed Workers in Sudan
Authors: Elkhalifa Ahmed Mohammed Elnour 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Exposure to benzene leads to toxicity and influences bone marrow leads to cancer, anaemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, and other types of cancer. The current study aims to report haematological changes in workers exposed to benzene exposure <1 ppm compared with the participants of non-exposed to benzene.Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design applied at Kosti city, Sudan, during the year 2018. According to inclusion criteria, eighty-seven benzene stations workers chosen randomly to participate as a study group and another eighty-seven apparent healthy non-exposed to benzene, age matched, chosen as a comparative group. Blood samples (2.5ml) collected from all participants in EDTA anticoagulant containers for Complete Blood Cells analysis.Results: The means of the lymphocyte, RBCs count, and MCHC significantly increased in the benzene stations workers compared with the non-exposed group. The lymphocyte mean (44.61±8.41% vs, 29.19±3.98%; P<0.001), RBCs mean (5.30±0.75 ×1012 vs, 4.97±0.59 × 1012; P=0.002), and HCHC mean (32.67±2.12% vs, 31.71±1.37%; P<0.001). The means of PCV, Hb, MCH, MCV, PLTs count, Monocyte counts, and the Neutrophil counts significantly decreased in the exposed group. The PCV mean (43.83±2.47 l/l vs, 44.95±1.15 l/l; P<0.001), Hb mean (13.11±2.28 g/dl vs, 14.33±1.48 g/dl; P<0.001), MCH mean (26.35±2.01pg vs, 29.88±1.98pg; P<0.001), MCV mean (78.69±4.66 fl vs, 85.93±6.73 fl; P<0.001), PLTs mean (240.78±71.37×103/l vs, 262.54±70.77×103/l; P=0.046), Monocyte mean (4.44±2.39%vs. 5.64±1.92%; P=0.001), and Neutrophil mean (36.98±14.93% vs, 47.99±14.54%; P<0.001). The Eosinophil counts and TWBCs count showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The exposure to benzene has a significant haematological change in most of the complete blood count parameters among the benzene stations workers.
Have Work-related Accidents and Ill-health in Brazil Declined since the Introduction of the Accident Prevention Factor?
Authors: Shimizu Helena Eri , Bezerra Josierton Cruz , Arantes Luciano José , Merchán-Hamann Edgar , Ramalho Walter Massa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:.Since 2004, Brazil has had a national policy for occupational health and safety. This policy means companies’ tax burden is altered according to the numbers of work-related accidents and ill-health amongst their workers. In 2010, a multiplication factor was introduced to this policy, called the Accident Prevention Factor. The idea of this new multiplication factor is to encourage individual employers to take initiatives to prevent accidents and ill health in the workplace. This study was designed to investigate the incidence of work-related accidents and ill-health in Brazil according to their causes, their severity, and the economic activity in which they occur, and to compare the data before and after the introduction of the Accident Prevention Factor. Methods: An ecological study was conducted by analyzing the time series of work-related accidents/ill-health between 2008 and 2014 from the Brazilian social security system (Previdência Social) statistical yearbooks. Incidences were calculated per cause, economic activity, and severity of the accident/ill-health. Data from before and after the introduction of the Accident Prevention Factor were compared using the Mann-Whitney test per cause and per economic activity. Statistical analyses were made using the SPSS software, with significance set at 5%. Results: A reduction in the incidence of work-related accidents/ill-health was found across all the groups of causes analyzed, except for the groups “external causes of morbidity and mortality” and “factors influencing health status or contact with health services.” Greater reductions were found for diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue and diseases of the nervous system. Reductions in work-related accidents/ill-health were found in the different economic activities and in the different severity groups. The highest reduction after the introduction of the Accident Prevention Factor was in manufacturing and production (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, the incidence of accidents/ill-health was found to be on decline, except those with external causes of morbidity and mortality and those involving factors influencing health status or contact with health services. The biggest reduction was found in manufacturing and production. However, generally speaking progress still needs to be made in accident prevention and occupational health across a whole range of work environments.
Indentification and Determination of Toxin Genes of Vibrio Strains Caused Hemorrhagic Disease on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) by PCR&nbsp;Method.
Authors: Linh Nguyen Quang , Pham Yen Thi Hai , Nguyen Tram Duy Quynh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, we isolated thirty strains of Vibrio from three different organs (brain, hemorrhagic site and digestive system) of Sciaenops ocellatus disease. The results showed that nucleotide sequences 16S rRNA region are highly, similar to those of V. alginolyticus , V. azureus , V. fluvialis and V. orientalis is published on Genebank, ranging from 98.05 to 100 %. The digestive system has the most common Vibrio strains ( V. alginolyticus , V. azureu s and V. fluvialis ). Thereout, We found 25/30 strains of Vibrio containing from 1 to 3 toxin genes. None of V. parahaemolyticus present. Six parameters were used to measure the DNA polymorphism of thirty-three homologous DNA sequences in this Vibrio bacteria population. The results indicated that, number of separate polymorphic sites (S), total number of mutant sites (Eta), number of haplotype (h), haplotype diversity (Hd), average number of nucleotide differences (k), nucleotide diversity (Pi) were 98 (S) 103 (Eta), 9 (h), 0.887±0.032 (Hd), 25.789 (k) and 17.980x10-3±0.003 (Pi), respectively (P < 0,05). The G+C content above 1434 sites positions of nucleotide sequences accounts for 0.542. The phylogenetic tree showed that these strains are divided into six groups. As observed, the appearance of isolated Vibrio on 3 organs of fish ( S. ocellatus ) hemorrhagic are V. azureus (27,67 %), V. alginolyticus (50 %), V. orientalis (6,67 %) and V. fluvialis (16,67 %). Through this result, we found that the diversity of Vibrio species that appeared on the red drum was used in the 16S rRNA region and the presence of toxin genes in these Vibrio species.
Potential Values Of Circulating Tumor Cell For Detection Of Recurrence In Patients Of Thyroid Cancer:A Diagnostic Meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Ming-Xing , Fei Yin-Jiao , Yang Kai , Tang Wen-Juan , Cao Xin-Hui , Tang Jinhai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
purpose

Several studies have reported that circulating tumor cell (CTC) is a promising marker for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer (TC) with recurrence or distant metastasis (DMs). However, some studies emerged with conflicting results. Therefore, we provide a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CTC for detection of recurrence in patients of TC.
Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library with the keywords “thyroid cancer” and “circulating tumor cells”. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) and other parameters were adopted to summarize the overall test performance. The sensitivity of CTCs in the detection of recurrent TC was reviewed. All analyses were performed by STATA 12.0 and Meta-disc software.
Results

For CTCs expressing epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), seven studies were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63–0.78), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84–0.94), and 26.75 (95% CI: 9.11–78.53); 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65–0.89), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.76–0.96), and 40.01 (95% CI: 10.49–152.63) for CTCs expressing thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). The area under the SROC for EpCAM and TSHR were both 0.91.
Conclusion

CTC was a reliable marker for the diagnosis of TC patients with recurrence and DMs, and the sensitivity of CTCs expressing TSHR was higher than that of EpCAM. Additional research is warranted in order to establish uniformity in international guidelines, make up the drawbacks of conventional diagnostic methods and to prevent futile surgery.
A Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation of FSHR Causes Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Zhang Nan , Xu Jiawei , Bao Xiao , Zhao Feifei , Shi Dayuan , Li Wenbo , Li Qian , Niu Wenbin , Sun Yingpu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary ovarian insufficiency, one of the main causes of female infertility, is a heterogeneous disease when it comes to the phenotype and etiology. Familial cases are observed in approximately 10% of patients which indicates a strong genetic component. However, the underlying cause remains to be identified in most cases of patients.Methods: Here we studied an un-consanguineous Han Chinese family in which four siblings are primary amenorrhea and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Three siblings with POI and one unaffected sibling were exome sequenced. Also, other members in this family were genotyped by Sanger Sequencing. In silicon and in-vitro functional analyses were performed.Results: Whole exome sequencing identified a shared novel compound heterozygous mutation of FSHR gene in all the affected members. c.1412T>G, the first variant identified in FSHR IL2(intracellular loop2) in POI patients, and another novel mutation c.1090_1091del were the genetic etiology of this family. In-vitro functional analyses showed that cAMP (second messenger of FSHR) producing was abolished by c.1412T>G. Conclusions: Our study identified two novel FSHR mutations in a compound heterozygous state and gave the evidence that the FSHR IL2 could play a crucial role in FSHR-caused POI.
Initiation of Anti-dementia Medication in Older Adults Undergoing Pharmaceutical Management for Existing Chronic Conditions by the Assessment of Insurance Claims
Authors: Handa Nobuhiro , Mitsutake Seigo , Ishizaki Tatsuro Tatsuro , Nakabayashi Tetsuo , Akishita Masahiro , Tamiya Nanako , Yoshie Satoru , Iijima Katsuya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND The influences of co-prescribed medications for chronic co-morbid conditions in very older adults on clinical dementia onset are uncertain.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influences of co-prescribed medications on clinical dementia onset, which was indicated by the initiation of a new prescription of anti-dementia medication (NPADM).METHODS This retrospective cohort study consisted of 42024 adults aged ≥77 years residing in a suburban city of Tokyo Metropolitan Area who did not take any anti-dementia medication on April 1, 2012. The primary outcome was NPADM during followed-up period until March 31, 2015 (35 months). Subjects were categorized into four age groups: Group I (77-81 years), Group II (82-86 years), Group III (87-91 years), and Group IV (≥92 years). Covariates were fourteen groups of medications prescribed between April 1, 2012 and June 31, 2012. RESULTS In a follow-up period of 1345457 patient-months (mean=32.0±7.5 months), NPADM occurred in 2365 subjects. NPADM incidence at 12 months was 1.9±0.1% (Group I: 0.9±0.1%, Group II: 2.1±0.1%, Group III: 3.2±0.2% and Group IV: 3.6±0.3%; P<0.0001). In addition to older age and female sex, the use of the following medications was associated with NPADM: statins (hazard ratio: 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.92; P=0.001), antihypertensives (0.80, 0.71-0.85; P<0.0001), non-steroidal bronchodilators (0.72, 0.58-0.88; P=0.002), antidepressants (1.79, 1.47-2.18; P<0.0001), post-stroke medications (1.45, 1.16-1.82; P=0.002), insulin (1.34, 1.01-1.78; P=0.046) and antineoplastics (1.12, 1.01-1.24; P=0.035)CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a benchmark for the management of dementia in the real-world setting, and contribute to evidence-based healthcare policymaking. (Clinical Trial Registration: UMIN-CTR UMIN000039040)
Invaginated Duct to Mucosa Pancreaticojejunostomy Reduced Pstoperative Pancreatic Leakage: A Matched Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Yao Guo-Liang , AN Meng-Jiao , Fan YongGang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Postoperative pancreatic leakage was also the obstacle of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) which always followed the failure of pancreaticojejunostomy. Dozens of pancreaticojejunostomy had been reported. None showed superiority over others. To assess the potential advantages of invaginated duct to mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (invaginated D-M PJ), we introduced this study.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the related data from the patients who had their pancreaticodedunostomy due to malignant tumor in The First Affiliated Hospital to Henan University of Science and Technology during January 2017 to August 2019. According to the different procedure of pancreaticojejunostomy, the patients divided into custom D-M group and invaginated D-M group. Sex, age, pancreatic duct size and pancreatic texture were matched. Pancreatic leakage and other complications were compared. SPSS 16.0 was employed for analysis.Results 48 pairs of patients were involved. Both groups had almost the same baseline characterisitics, such as Sex (P=1.000), Age (P=0.897), ASA (P=0.575), BMI (P=0.873), pancreatic duct size (P=0.932), pancreatic texture (P=1.000) and tumor origin (P=0.686). No statistical difference was observed relation to operation outcomes, such as operation time (P=0.632), pancreaticojejunostomy time (P=0.748), blood loss (P=0.617) and number of required transfusion (P=0.523). Pancreatic leakage was significantly declined for invaginated D-M group (P=0.005). The difference of other complications, such as, bleeding (P=0.617), biliary leakage (P=0.646), pneumonia (P=0.594) and thrombosis (P=0.714), didn’t reach statistical significance. Postoperative hospitalization was almost the same for both groups (P=0.764).Conclusions Invaginated D-M PJ could reduce pancreatic leakage followed PD. Invaginated D-M PJ should be a choice for the patients who had PD.
Clinical Performance Between two Types of Composite Resin in Direct Restorations and Its Impacts on QoL
Authors: Lima Suellen Nogueira Linares , Lima Darlon Martins , Almeida Rossana Aboud Matos de , Fernandez Eduardo , Jorquera Gilbert , Raposo Carolina Carramilo , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Júnior Aurélio Rosa da Silva , Mattos Natanael Henrique Ribeiro , Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Bandeca Matheus Coelho 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Public health problems associated with oral disease affect large numbers of people in countries around the world. Dental caries continues to be the main cause of premature tooth loss in patients and can negatively affect the Quality of life (QoL) related to oral health for both the individual and their family. Depending on their stage of advancement of caries, a restorative procedure is required, since caries injuries generally involve changing the shape, function or esthetics, restoring is intended to extend the life of the teeth, The purpose of this study was evaluated direct restorations on posterior teeth with conventional and bulk-fill composite resins performed by public health professionals and their effect on Quality of life. Methods: The sample consisted of 100 teeth in 50 patients. The teeth selected for the restorative procedure were randomized in the two study groups according to restorative material. Group 1 - Bulk fill composite resin, or Group 2 - Conventional composite resin. At the end of 12 and 24 months, the restorations were evaluated according to USPHS criteria, by two evaluators. To evaluate the Quality of Life related to oral health, Oral Health Impact Profile – 14 (OHIP-14) was used before and after restorative treatment (12 months). Results: After 12 months, 90 restorations were evaluated that showed no statistical difference (p> 0.05), after 24 months, 80 restorations evaluated and also showed similar clinical performance and no statistical difference (p> 0.05). The analysis of quality of life detected a statistical difference only in the psychological discomfort domain (p = 0.024), improving their values at the end of the treatment. There are no differences between the clinical performance with conventional resins or bulk-fill system. Restorative treatment improved the perception of concern and stress suffered by patients by dental problems. Clinical Trial Registry: RBR-7hbmjp
Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms
Authors: Vadlejch Jaroslav , Kyriánová Iveta Angela , Várady Marián , Charlier Johannes 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). Knowledge of both the efficacy of anthelmintics and factors promoting AR are essential to effectively control nematode infections, but no information on these topics for goats in the Czech Republic (CR) is available. This survey aimed to determine the occurrence of AR at Czech goat farms and to identify risk factors for the development of AR. A total of 24 herds of dairy goats across the CR were evaluated using in vitro tests for detecting AR, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AR.Results: Resistance against benzimidazoles was confirmed at 75% of the farms, and the level of resistance was high in 22% of the affected herds based on the egg hatch test. Ivermectin-resistant nematodes were detected in 54% of the herds using the larval development test; Teladorsagia/Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus were the predominant types of resistant larvae. More than half (62%) of the affected herds were evaluated as highly resistant to ivermectin. Almost half (46%) of the herds were resistant to both benzimidazoles and ivermectin. This report is the first on multiple AR in the CR. A univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high stocking rate and farmer inexperience were significantly associated with ivermectin and benzimidazole resistance, respectively.Conclusions: The results of our survey suggest that AR is widespread amongst herds of dairy goats in the CR, likely due to inappropriate practices of pasture and health management. Multiple AR may be an issue for expanding dairy-goat production in the CR in the near future unless both veterinary practitioners and farmers widely adopt strategies to prevent the development of AR.
Survey on Identity and Access Management for Internet of Things
Authors: CREMONEZI BRUNO , Vieira Alex , Nacif José Augusto , Nogueira Michele 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses a large number of connected devices, generating and sharing diﬀerent types of data among themselves. These data enable the creation of society-changing applications, such as health monitoring and autonomous vehicles. Under this context, protecting the access of these connected devices and their data is critical to IoT applications’ success, since a single data breach can incur into a cascade eﬀect, which leads to devastating consequences. Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems provide mechanisms to identify individuals at the network and determine their access privileges, thus avoiding inappropriate access. However, the current IAMs system struggles to provide the scale or manage the complex relationships that IoT brings. In this work, we present a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey of IAMs and the main concepts and challenges when applied to IoT. First, we overview the IoT technology, giving its essential characteristics and communication architectures and its main applications. Then, we present IAMs state-of-the-art and the main concepts, existing architectures, and challenges. Finally, we focus on current IAMs that aims to tackle the IoT complexity, along with an in-depth analysis of their proposals and future directions in the ﬁeld.