bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes on the induction of mouse tolerogenic dendritic cells
Authors: Shahir Mehri , Mahmoud Hashemi Seyed , Asadirad Ali , Varahram Mohammad , Kazempour‐Dizaji Mehdi , Folkerts Gert , Garssen Johan , Adcock Ian , Mortaz Esmaeil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate innate inflammatory responses and adaptive immunity through T‐cell activation via direct cell–cell interactions and/or cytokine production. Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) help maintain immunological tolerance through the induction of T‐cell unresponsiveness or apoptosis, and generation of regulatory T cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells located within the stroma of bone marrow (BM), but they can be isolated from virtually all organs. Extracellular vesicles and exosomes are released from inflammatory cells and act as messengers enabling communication between cells. To investigate the effects of MSC‐derived exosomes on the induction of mouse tolDCs, murine adipose‐derived MSCs were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and exosomes isolated by ExoQuick‐TC kits. BM‐derived DCs (BMDCs) were prepared and cocultured with MSCs‐derived exosomes (100 μg/ml) for 72 hr. Mature BMDCs were derived by adding lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.1μg/ml) at Day 8 for 24 hr. The study groups were divided into (a) immature DC (iDC, Ctrl), (b) iDC + exosome (Exo), (c) iDC + LPS (LPS), and (d) iDC + exosome + LPS (EXO + LPS). Expression of CD11c, CD83, CD86, CD40, and MHCII on DCs was analyzed at Day 9. DC proliferation was assessed by coculture with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester‐labeled BALB/C‐derived splenocytes p. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐10, and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) release were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. MSC‐derived exosomes decrease DC surface marker expression in cells treated with LPS, compared with control cells ( ≤ .05). MSC‐derived exosomes decrease IL‐6 release but augment IL‐10 and TGF‐β release (p ≤ .05). Lymphocyte proliferation was decreased (p ≤ .05) in the presence of DCs treated with MSC‐derived exosomes. CMSC‐derived exosomes suppress the maturation of BMDCs, suggesting that they may be important modulators of DC‐induced immune responses.
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Before ICU Admission Is Not Associated With Mortality of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Shi Lin , Zhang Dan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome studies have shown that the long‐term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is associated with many adverse events that may increase mortality; however, the relationship between premorbid PPI use and in‐hospital mortality has yet to be validated in critically ill patients. Therefore, we performed this study to determine whether the preadmission use of PPIs is associated with mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. This was a retrospective study with a large and freely accessible database in critical‐care medicine (the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III project). The clinical data and outcomes of 17 473 patients, consisting of 1895 in the PPI group, 514 in the H2‐receptor antagonist group, and 15 064 control subjects, were collected during their hospital stay. The study outcome was in‐hospital mortality. A total of 17 473 patients were included in our study. PPI use was associated with significantly increased in‐hospital mortality in the original model without adjustment for any parameters (odds ratio 1.19; 95%CI 1.03‐1.38; P = .02). However, after adjustments had been made for age, sex, Elixhauser score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, laboratory results, vasopressor use, ventilator use, and other parameters, PPIs were not associated with significantly increased in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.04; 95%CI 0.87‐1.26; P = .614). In the subgroup analysis among patients with renal or liver disease, we still found that PPIs were not associated with a significant increase in in‐hospital mortality. We found no association between PPI use before ICU admission and increased in‐hospital mortality in critically ill patients compared with control subjects.
Positively curved graphs
Authors: Yancey Matthew P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper consists of two halves. In the first half of the paper, we consider real‐valued functions f whose domain is the vertex set of a graph G and that are Lipschitz with respect to the graph distance. By placing a uniform distribution on the vertex set, we treat as a random variable. We investigate the link between the isoperimetric function of G and the functions f that have maximum variance or meet the bound established by the subgaussian inequality. We present several results describing the extremal functions, and use those results to (a) resolve a conjecture by Bobkov, Houdré, and Tetali characterizing the extremal functions of the subgaussian inequality of the odd cycle and (b) provide a construction that gives a partial negative answer to a question by Alon, Boppana, and Spencer on the relationship between maximum variance functions and the isoperimetric function of product graphs. While establishing a discrete analogue of the curved Brunn‐Minkowski inequality for the discrete hypercube, Ollivier and Villani suggested several avenues for research. We resolve them in the second half of the paper as follows:

They propose that a bound on t‐midpoints can be obtained by repeated application of the bound on midpoints, if the original sets are convex. We construct a specific example where this reasoning fails, and then prove our construction is general by characterizing the convex sets in the discrete hypercube.
A second proposed technique to bound t‐midpoints involves new results in concentration of measure. We follow through on this proposal, with heavy use on results from the first half of the paper.
We show that the curvature of the discrete hypercube is not positive or zero, but we also give a result indicating that it may satisfy a weaker version of curvature.
Communicating traumatic pathology to ensure shared understanding: is there a recipe for the perfect preliminary image evaluation?
Authors: Cooper Emma , Neep Michael J. , Eastgate Patrick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMedical imaging and emergency departments work collaboratively to interpret trauma radiographs. In addition to accurate radiographic interpretation, clear communication is crucial to ensure appropriate and timely management of musculoskeletal injuries. This two‐step ‘how to guide’ provides the reviewer with a recipe for effectively evaluating trauma radiographs for traumatic pathology and succinctly documenting the findings. Step 1 is a systematic search of the radiograph: soft tissues, bones, alignment of joints and satisfaction of search (SBASS). Utilising SBASS increases reviewer confidence in identifying traumatic pathology of the appendicular and axial skeleton. Step 2 is a streamlined communication model for the documentation of pathological findings. The WWW acronym (What is it? Where is it? What is it doing?) can be adapted to describe simple or complex traumatic pathology.
A translational motion compensation technique for inverse synthetic aperture radar images using multi‐objective particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Yigit Enes 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, a novel multi‐objective (MO) motion compensation (MC) technique is proposed to clear blur effects in the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images resulted by the translational motion of the target. Thanks to the MO particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the velocity and acceleration of the target which minimize the entropy and maximize the contrast of the ISAR image are optimally determined. In order to find an optimal solution from trade‐off solutions between entropy and contrast, Pareto front technique is exploited. To demonstrate the performance of the algorithm, the proposed method is implemented for the four ISAR scenarios reported elsewhere, and compared with the single‐objective meta‐heuristic optimization algorithms (artificial bee colony, genetic algorithm, and PSO with island model) implemented in the literature. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed technique is numerically pointed out by comparing the entropy and contrast values of each scenarios with the actual values. The results obviously indicate that the proposed MO MC technique is very successful and efficient compared to single‐objective algorithms and performance of the technique is higher than the other methods as the velocity and the acceleration increases.
A robust optimization model for affine/quadratic flow thinning: A traffic protection mechanism for networks with variable link capacity
Authors: Kalesnikau Ilya , Pióro Michał , Poss Michael , Nace Dritan , Tomaszewski Artur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlow thinning (FT) is a traffic protection mechanism for communication networks with variable link capacities, for example wireless networks. With FT, end‐to‐end traffic demands use dedicated logical tunnels, for example MPLS tunnels, whose nominal capacity is subject to thinning in order to follow fluctuations in link capacities availability. Moreover, instantaneous traffic of each demand is throttled at its originating node accordingly to the current total capacity available on the demand's dedicated tunnels so that the network is always capable of carrying the admitted traffic. In this paper, we deal with efficient, implementable versions of FT, referred to as affine FT (AFT) and quadratic FT (QFT). By deriving appropriate link availability state and path generation algorithms, we show how real‐life network dimensioning problems for AFT/QFT can be efficiently treated using a proper characterization of the network link availability states. Results of a numerical study illustrate tractability of the cost minimization problems, and assess efficiency of AFT/QFT as compared with other protection mechanisms.
Multiphase hybrid stress finite element analysis of heterogeneous media by simple mesh: One element with one interface
Authors: Zhang Rui , Guo Ran 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a finite element method is proposed to analyze the microscopic and macroscopic mechanical behaviors of heterogeneous media with randomly distributed inclusions. A simple mesh partitioned the domain into regular quadrilateral or triangular elements, where one element may contain two phases. An assumed stress hybrid formulation is implemented in the finite element model and the functional is derived for an element containing two phases. Numerical examples were used to study the microscopic and macroscopic properties of the composites, such as the effective modulus, to validate of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed multiphase hybrid stress finite element model can accurately measure the stress fields of materials with arbitrary microstructural distributions and improve computational efficiency by about 30 to 1500 times in comparison with the traditional displacement based finite element method.
Preorganization: A Powerful Tool in Intermolecular Halogen Bonding in Solution
Authors: Voelkel Martin H. H. , Wonner Patrick , Huber Stefan Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPreorganization is a powerful tool in supramolecular chemistry which has been utilized successfully in intra‐ and intermolecular halogen bonding. In previous work, we had developed a bidentate bis(iodobenzimidazolium)‐based halogen bond donor which featured a central trifluoromethyl substituent. This compound showed a markedly increased catalytic activity compared to unsubstituted bis(iodoimidazolium)‐based Lewis acids, which could be explained either by electronic effects (the electron withdrawal by the fluorinated substituent) or by preorganization (the hindered rotation of the halogen bonding moieties). Herein, we systematically investigate the origin of this increased Lewis acidity via a comparison of the two types of compounds and their respective derivatives with or without the central trifluoromethyl group. Calorimetric measurements of halide complexations indicated that preorganization is the main reason for the higher halogen bonding strength. The performance of the catalysts in a series of benchmark reactions corroborates this finding.
Acetaminophen‐induced atypical Stevens‐Johnson syndrome in a patient with acute oral bacterial infection: A case report and literature review
Authors: Goto Takahiro , Yamashiro Atsushi , Maruyama Nobuyuki , Hirano Fusahiro , Nakasone Toshiyuki , Nishihara Kazuhide 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare but fatal disease and is characterized by various clinical symptoms, including acute inflammatory vesiculobullous lesion of skin, oral cavity, ocular surface, genitals, etc Drugs, such as anti‐epileptic drugs, antibiotics, pain killers/antipyretics, and/or bacterial infections have been widely known to cause SJS. Herein, we report a 40‐year‐old man with atypical SJS caused by acetaminophen, which was used for treating an acute odontogenic infection. The patient presented with several risk factors associated with SJS; thus, careful monitoring of the patient's drug history is mandatory to treat acute inflammation in the oral cavity.
Polypharmacy in a semirural community in Chile: Results from Maule Cohort
Authors: Oyarzún‐González Ximena , Ferreccio Catterina , Abner Erin L. , Vargas Claudio , Huidobro Andrea , Toro Pablo 
Published: February 2020

PurposeAlthough polypharmacy in younger populations is a growing public health concern, most studies addressing polypharmacy focus on elderly populations. Thus, polypharmacy is not yet well understood in younger populations.MethodsBaseline data from the Maule Cohort (MAUCO) (adults aged 38‐74 years) were used to study the prevalence of polypharmacy and associated participant characteristics using logistic and zero‐inflated negative binomial regressions. Factors studied include age, sex, self‐rated health, education, smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic conditions.ResultsPolypharmacy was reported by 10% of participants overall, with higher prevalence among older (≥60 years) vs middle aged (<60 years) participants (overall: 20.9% vs 6.0%, P < .0001; for those reporting any medication use: 30.2% vs 15.9%, P < .0001). Middle‐aged adults reported different patterns of medication use by polypharmacy status, while older adults reported similar medication use patterns regardless of polypharmacy. Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, hypothyroidism, and osteomuscular diseases were significantly associated with polypharmacy. Analyses also revealed that there are MAUCO participants who are potentially being undertreated for conditions like depression.ConclusionsResearch into medication use among younger and middle‐aged adults and development of possible tools to deprescribe medications in this population are warranted. However, it is important that patients who need treatment receive it, and so both potential overtreatment and undertreatment need further study in this population.
Involvement of five catalytically active Arabidopsis β‐amylases in leaf starch metabolism and plant growth
Authors: Monroe Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStarch degradation in chloroplasts requires β‐amylase (BAM) activity, but in Arabidopsis, there are nine BAM proteins, five of which are thought to be catalytic. Although single‐gene knockouts revealed the necessity of BAM3 for starch degradation, contributions of other BAMs are poorly understood. Moreover, it is not possible to detect the contribution of individual BAMs in plants containing multiple active BAMs. Therefore, we constructed a set of five quadruple mutants each expressing only one catalytically active BAM, and a quintuple mutant missing all of these BAMs (B‐Null). Using these mutants, we assessed the influence of each individual BAM on plant growth and on leaf starch degradation. Both BAM1 and BAM3 alone support wild‐type (WT) levels of growth. BAM3 alone is sufficient to degrade leaf starch completely whereas BAM1 alone can only partially degrade leaf starch. In contrast, BAM2, BAM5, and BAM6 have no detectable effect on starch degradation or plant growth, being comparable with the B‐Null plants. B‐Null plant extracts contained no measurable amylase activity, whereas BAM3 and BAM1 contributed about 70% and 14% of the WT activity, respectively. BAM2 activity was low but detectable and BAM6 contributed no measurable activity. Interestingly, activity of BAM1 and BAM3 in the mutants varied little developmentally or diurnally, and did not increase appreciably in response to osmotic or cold stress. With these genetic lines, we now have new opportunities to investigate members of this diverse gene family.
Direct ring‐open mechanism of pyridine formation by replacement of one carbon in benzene with one nitrogen atom
Authors: Lu Haoyun , Qian Mengqi , Wang Qiang , Yang Yanhui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is hardly replaced one carbon in benzene with other heteroatom by direct breaking of the particularly strong C=C bond in benzene not only due to the high dissociation energy of benzene ring but also due to more limit to the C–H activation. Direct ring‐open of benzene has been mainly limited to the high dissociation energy. In our former research, we have found an ion‐molecule reaction via simple replacement of one carbon in benzene with nitrogen atom. But the reaction mechanism still remains unresolved. Herein, we demonstrate the direct ring‐open mechanism in benzene through theoretical study of potential energy surface, in which benzene attacked by H2NO2+ ion with the formation of pyridine. Reaction mechanisms have been confirmed that ring‐open in benzene involves two steps that include attacking reaction and isomerization process. It is found that H2NO2+ ion trend to attack benzene with dissociation of H2O firstly. The isomerization process happens is most favorable in the evolution potential energy surface of the isomer C6H5N(H)O+. It has been verified of the theory, which is consistent with the experiment. The mechanism derived from this study may provide guidance for promoting the reaction yield and selectivity of aromatics ring‐open reaction.
Body image mediates the effect of stoma status on psychological distress and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Song Lili , Han Xinkun , Zhang Jie , Tang Lili 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the effect of stoma status (permanent stoma, temporary stoma, or non‐stoma) on psychological distress and quality of life (QOL) in Chinese patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in the early postoperative stage. We also investigated whether body image mediated the association between stoma status and psychological distress and QOL.MethodsA convenience sample of 282 CRC patients 1 to 2 weeks postsurgery participated in an observational, cross‐sectional study. Participants completed the following self‐report measures: Body Image Scale, Distress Thermometer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Core Quality of Life Questionnaire.ResultsThe temporary stoma group (TS) and the permanent stoma group (PS) reported worse body image and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the non‐stoma group (P < .05). PS reported worse body image than TS (P < .01). Depression and significant body image problems were more prevalent in PS than in TS (P < .05). Stoma status was the strongest factor associated with body image, distress, and depression (P < .05). CRC patients who were younger or in later clinical stages had poorer body image. Body image fully mediated the effect of stoma status on anxiety, depression, and global QOL in PS and TS, but mediated the effect on distress only in PS.ConclusionsBody image problems are common in stoma patients in the early postoperative stage and require early assessment. This study helps to elucidate the role of body image as a mediator. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore body image distress trajectories.
Intergenerational perspectives on refugee children and youth's adaptation to life in Norway
Authors: Daniel Marguerite , Ottemöller Fungisai Gwanzura , Katisi Masego , Hollekim Ragnhild , Tesfazghi Zebib Zemichael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRefugees from the Global South face many challenges when they arrive in Europe, not least having their subjectivities and beliefs questioned as part of requests for them to adapt to the norms of the destination context. Although there has been much critical research on migrant integration and adaptation, few of these studies have used an intergenerational lens to investigate the experiences of refugee children and youth. This article addresses this research gap using a social navigation theoretical framework and qualitative data obtained from focus group discussions with Eritrean and Afghan unaccompanied minors, young adults, and parents. The findings demonstrate how challenges and resources associated with adaptation identified across generations were related to (a) the frequency and nature of interactions between refugees, their compatriots, and Norwegians; (b) learning the Norwegian language; (c) comprehension of Norway's bureaucratic welfare systems; and (d) accepting Norwegian cultural values while maintaining transnational cultural ties. Notably, unaccompanied minors, young adults, and parents all navigated dual cultures as part of efforts to achieve normative Norwegian markers of successful migrant adaptation. Significantly, the older generational groups had the most difficulty “breaking” into Norwegian society. Overall, it is argued that to understand better the challenges migrants face when they are required to adapt to a new life in a destination context and the implications of these challenges for their aspirations, it is important to include both a focus on how they move through the society (social navigation) and the interactivity between generations (intergenerational perspective).
Trends in sustainable architectural design in the United Kingdom: A Delphi study
Authors: Grover Robert , Emmitt Stephen , Copping Alexander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the prevalence of sustainable and green building in the United Kingdom, there is little agreement on what is required to achieve this status. This research seeks consensus among expert sustainable architects in the United Kingdom on the relative importance of a range of factors in facilitating a sustainable built environment. It identifies key differentiating factors to provide an original typology of sustainable practice. A Delphi technique was used to engage a variety of geographically separated participant in a managed dialogue to achieve consensus. The technique used novel survey techniques and statistical analysis to create a series of parallel sample groups. Thirty practices took part in the study, forming three distinct groups differentiated by contrasting viewpoints. Individual groups were characterised by varying attitudes towards measurability, nature, user focus, and local issues. However, the research found that carbon reduction through fabric first approaches were universally prioritised by all groups to achieve sustainable design. This highlights the limited scope of sustainable design in the United Kingdom, and a tendency to favour global sustainability concerns over more local and regional challenges. This research has significance for professional organisations and policymakers who can shape practice, both in the United Kingdom and internationally. It also has consequences for architectural education as it emphasises the perceived relative importance of these factors in the creation of the built environment.