bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical‐experimental structural instability analysis of composite tubes considering manufacturing parameters and imperfections
Authors: Gerhardt Eduardo , Marczak Rogério J. , Amico Sandro C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA numerical‐experimental approach to predict structural instability was developed to analyze thin composite tubes produced by filament winding subjected to external pressure. The divergence between mechanical properties characterized through standardized procedures and those of the manufactured component, influenced by imperfections and manufacturing peculiarities, was considered. A ring compression test and an inverse finite element analysis routine were used for material properties calibration. The routine was based on Tsai's master‐ply concept to deliver feasible constitutive properties values. Based on the numerical and experimental correlation, the implemented approach was considered effective and with good repeatability.
Using normal mode analysis on protein structural models. How far can we go on our predictions?
Authors: Cirauqui Diaz Nuria , Frezza Elisa , Martin Juliette 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNormal mode analysis (NMA) is a fast and inexpensive approach that is largely used to gain insight into functional protein motions, and more recently to create conformations for further computational studies. However, when the protein structure is unknown, the use of computational models is necessary. Here, we analyze the capacity of NMA in internal coordinate space to predict protein motion, its intrinsic flexibility, and atomic displacements, using protein models instead of native structures, and the possibility to use it for model refinement. Our results show that NMA is quite insensitive to modeling errors, but that calculations are strictly reliable only for very accurate models. Our study also suggests that internal NMA is a more suitable tool for the improvement of structural models, and for integrating them with experimental data or in other computational techniques, such as protein docking or more refined molecular dynamics simulations.
Theoretical Study on Aluminum Oxide Cluster Anions A12Ox− (x=2−5) with Rhombus Structure
Authors: Junxi Liang , Yu Duan , Fupeng Zhang , Jun Bai , Zhenhua Li , Yu Li , Qiong Su 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe rhombus structure of small aluminum‐oxygen clusters anions, A12Ox− (x=2−5), were constructed using high‐accuracy quantum chemical calculations. Of the presented DFT‐D methods, M05‐2X, M06‐2X, and ωB97X‐D functionals are comparable to MP2 level to perform well for determination of the properties of the anionic clusters. The rhombus‐type Al2O2− cluster has a desired D2h cyclic structural view. The most favored Al2O3− isomer is evolved from the D2h cyclic Al2O2− structure generated by adding the third O atom to the Al atom. The Al2O4− with rhombus structure probably has two coexist low‐lying isomers, one symmetric D2h and the other C2v “twisted pair”, and stability of the former is in preference over that of the latter. The most probable Al2O5− structure would be made by replacing a terminal O atom of the symmetric D2h A12O4− with an O2 unit. Consequently, structures of the most stable anionic clusters possess a rhombus character. Moreover, our findings also suggest that the more oxygen atoms the anionic cluster has, the more stable the structure is, and the stronger the H2O effect is. Beyond that, for the identified cluster anion with same degree of oxidation the symmetric structure becomes more stable with respect to the asymmetric analog, however, the H2O effect on the asymmetric geometry turns out to be predominant, in comparison with the symmetric case.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C‐N Bond Formation: A Straightforward Alkoxymethylation Process for the Synthesis of the C1 and C3‐Dialkoxy Indoles
Authors: He Jiaming , Yu Yue , Guo Pengfeng , Liu Xiang , Zhu Baofu , Cao Hua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA novel approach for the synthesis of the C1 and C3‐dialkoxy indoles has been developed for using 2‐(phenylethynyl)aniline with formaldehyde and alcohols under the catalysis of acid and palladium acetate. This multicomponent reaction that provides a straightforward alkoxymethylation process to construct substituted indoles is expected to be an important method for the synthesis of indole derivatives.
The middle Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid Arctoceras blomstrandi: conch morphology and ornamentation in relation to stratigraphy
Authors: Hansen Bitten B. , Bucher Hugo , Schneebeli‐Hermann Elke , Hammer Øyvind 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ammonoid genus Arctoceras (Hyatt) occurs across all palaeolatitudes, and is a key genus for middle Smithian biostratigraphical correlations globally. In this study, intraspecific variations in conch morphology, ornamentation and allometry are examined in relation to stratigraphic position. Arctoceras is the most abundant ammonoid genus in the middle Smithian of Svalbard. Originally, seven Arctoceras species were described from Svalbard. Later, as the importance of intraspecific variation was recognized, six of the Arctoceras species from Svalbard were treated as junior synonyms of Arctoceras blomstrandi (Lindström). Yet, the variations in A. blomstrandi conch morphology remain poorly quantified and the dependence on stratigraphic position, unknown. We quantify the intraspecific variation in conch morphology, ornamentation and allometry in relation to stratigraphy of the Svalbard Arctoceras. The results support the assignment of all Arctoceras morphotypes from Svalbard to a single species A. blomstrandi. The new data allow for an updated species description and open the way for the use in biostratigraphy of the endmember morphology A. blomstrandi var. costatus. We document consistent changes in conch morphology and ornamentation in the studied stratigraphic interval, with a distinct shift towards more evolute and ornate conchs in the top of the interval. The trends in the strength of ornamentation are partly explained by covariation with conch morphology (Buckman's law). The most marked shift in the conch morphology and allometric development of A. blomstrandi coincides with the onset of the positive carbon isotope excursion at the end of the middle Smithian, but pre‐dates the mid–late Smithian cooling of the sea surface.
A mixed‐valence copper(I/II) coordination polymer directed with a bifunctional soft‐hard pyrazolate−carboxylate ligand
Authors: Menzel Saskia , Höfert Simon‐Patrick , Öztürk Secil , Schmitz Alexa , Janiak Christoph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA mixed‐valent, one‐dimensional Cu(I/II) coordination polymer with the formula [CuII{CuI3(Hmpba)(mpba)2}DMF] ⋅ ∼3DMF was obtained with the bifunctional ligand 4‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)benzoic acid (H2mpba) in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) via solvothermal reaction. The compound exhibits a trinuclear {CuI3(Hmpba)(mpba)2}2− metallo‐linker with the softer Cu(I) linearly‐coordinated by the softer pyrazolate nitrogen donor atom. This metallo‐linker connects the harder Cu(II) ions through its harder carboxylate groups into a chain structure. Two Cu(II) ions form a paddlewheel unit and are, thus, surrounded by four carboxylate groups. Cu(II) is five‐coordinated with a terminal DMF ligand. Parallel chains are connected into supramolecular layers through the common R22(8) hydrogen‐bond motif of the singly‐deprotonated carboxyl groups of the Hmpba ligand. These layers are further organized by Cu(I)−Cu(I) interactions into a 3D supramolecular array.
Tensor perturbations and thick branes in higher-dimensional f(R) gravity
Authors: Cui Zheng-Quan , Lin Zi-Chao , Wan Jun-Jie , Liu Yu-Xiao , Zhao Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study brane worlds in an anisotropic higher-dimensional spacetime within the context of f(R) gravity. Firstly, we demonstrate that this spacetime with a concrete metric ansatz is stable against linear tensor perturbations under certain conditions. Moreover, the Kaluza-Klein modes of the graviton are analyzed. Secondly, we investigate thick brane solutions in six dimensions and their properties. We further exhibit two sets of solutions for thick branes. At last, the effective potential of the Kaluza-Klein modes of the graviton is discussed for the two solved f(R) models in higher dimensions.
Lattice $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super Yang-Mills at strong coupling
Authors: Catterall Simon , Giedt Joel , Toga Goksu Can 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present results from numerical simulations of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills for two color gauge theory over a wide range of ’t Hooft coupling 0 < λ ≤ 30 using a supersymmetric lattice action [1]. Numerical study of this lattice theory has been stymied until recently by both sign problems and the occurrence of lattice artifact phases at strong coupling. We have recently developed a new action that appears capable of solving both problems. The resulting action possesses just SU(2) rather than U(2) gauge symmetry. By explicit computations of the fermion Pfaffian we present evidence that the theory possesses no sign problem and exists in a single phase out to arbitrarily strong coupling. Furthermore, preliminary work shows that the logarithm of the supersymmetric Wilson loop varies as the square root of the ’t Hooft coupling λ for large λ in agreement with holographic predictions.
Stochastic Inverse Modeling and Parametric Uncertainty of Sediment Deposition Processes Across Geologic Time Scales
Authors: Patani S. E. , Porta G. M. , Caronni V. , Ruffo P. , Guadagnini A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work an integrated methodological and operational framework for diagnosis and calibration of Stratigraphic Forward Models (SFMs) which are typically employed for the characterization of sedimentary basins is presented. Model diagnosis rests on local and global sensitivity analysis tools and leads to quantification of the relative importance of uncertain model parameters on modeling goals of interest. Model calibration is performed in a stochastic framework, leading to estimates of distributions of model parameters (and ensuing spatial distributions of model outputs) conditional on available information. Starting from a considerable number of uncertain model parameters, which is typically associated with SFMs of the kind analyzed, the approach leads to the identification of a reduced set of parameters which are most influential to drive stratigraphic modeling results. Probability distributions of these model parameters conditional on available data are then evaluated through stochastic inverse modeling. To alleviate computational efforts, this step is performed through a combination of a surrogate model constructed through the Polynomial Chaos Expansion approach and a machine learning algorithm for efficient search of the parameter space during model inversion. As a test bed for the workflow, focus is on a realistic synthetic three-dimensional scenario which is modeled through a widely used SFM that enables one to perform three-dimensional numerical simulations of the accumulation of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments across geologic time scales. These results constitute a robust basis upon which further deployment of the approach to industrial field settings can be designed.
The three logics of sustainability-oriented hybrid organisations: a multi-disciplinary review
Authors: Hestad Dina , Tàbara J. David , Thornton Thomas F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGiven current limitations of global and national governance arrangements in redirecting economic globalisation towards a climate-safe and sustainable world, it is crucial to understand how organisations that aim to tackle social and environmental problems using market mechanisms can contribute to fostering sustainability transformations. This review identified 60 different terms or concepts for hybrid organisations aiming to solve social and ecological problems through market related activities, reflecting a high degree of discontinuity and inconsistency in the literature. To assess the contribution to societal transformations of this array of innovative ventures, we introduce and operationalise Sustainability-Oriented Hybrid Organisations (SOHOs) as an umbrella concept to carry out a comprehensive review of 126 scientific articles that discuss them. Unlike traditional enterprises who apply one logic (commercial) and social and environmental enterprises who combine two logics (social–commercial or environmental–commercial), SOHOs unite commercial, social, and environmental logics, beliefs, and practices simultaneously—thereby adopting a higher level of organisational hybridity. SOHOs are oriented towards achieving net-positive sustainability and consider future generations and global socio-ecological systems which makes transforming enterprises towards SOHO models a potentially significant intervention point for promoting sustainability transformations. However, the narratives and actions of SOHOs can perpetuate rather than ameliorate the underlying causes and differential impacts of complex problems like climate change, unless the organisations adopt systemic, global, long-term, and socio-ecologically embedded strategies.
State-of-the art treatment of bony defects in anterior shoulder instability—the European perspective
Authors: Moroder Philipp 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDepending on their size, all glenoid defects lead to a certain amount of loss of glenohumeral stability and therefore may represent a risk factor for the recurrence of instability after soft tissue stabilization procedures. The degree of loss of stability depends not only on the extent of the defect but also on differences in individual constitutional shape, which need to be analyzed in a three-dimensional context. Additionally, patient-specific factors such as age and activity level have a significant influence on the clinical effect of glenoid bone loss. Therefore, when treating a patient with glenoid bone loss, a bony glenoid reconstruction surgery in the form of a free bone graft transfer or Latarjet should be considered based on the extent of the defect, native glenoid shape, age, and activity level. Furthermore, in the presence of a relevant Hill–Sachs defect, the addition of a remplissage to a Bankart procedure should be considered or the use of a bony glenoid augmentation procedure instead.
Ethnic Discrimination in the Dutch Labor Market: Differences Between Ethnic Minority Groups and the Role of Personal Information About Job Applicants—Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Thijssen Lex , Coenders Marcel , Lancee Bram 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present the results of a large-scale field experiment on ethnic discrimination in the Dutch labor market. We sent fictitious job applications (N = 4211) to vacancies for jobs in ten different occupations in the Netherlands. By examining 35 different ethnic minority groups, we detect considerable differences in discrimination rates, predominantly between Western and non-Western minorities. Furthermore, we find little systematic variation in discrimination patterns with regard to gender, regions, and occupations, pointing to the existence of an ethnic hierarchy that is widely shared among employers. Finally, we do not find empirical support for the hypothesis that adding personal information in job applications reduces discrimination.
The Educational Value of Analytic Philosophy
Authors: GATLEY JANE 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, I outline three critiques of analytic philosophy; that it is (1) irrelevant to individuals and society; (2) unconstructive; and (3) excessively technical. These critiques are linked to skepticism about the educational value of analytic philosophy. In response, I suggest that if analytic philosophy provides constructive guidance about prominent and pressing questions, then it holds potential educational value. I identify a body of prominent and pressing questions that are addressed by analytic philosophy as a discipline. Because analytic philosophy is often concerned with the analysis of ordinary concepts, there is at least some potential educational value to analytic philosophy insofar as it provides guidance about the meaning of ordinary concepts that ground ordinary questions. Taking P. F. Strawson's paradigmatically analytic account of philosophy, I show that analytic philosophy can directly address ordinary questions in a constructive manner. Analytic philosophy is neither (1) irrelevant, (2) unconstructive, nor (3) excessively technical.
Assessment of US Public School District Policies for Pandemic Preparedness and Implications for COVID-19 Response Activities
Authors: Kersten Cassandra A. , Chamberlain Allison T. , Jones Sherry Everett , Uzicanin Amra , Ahmed Faruque 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectives:To describe school district preparedness for school closures and other relevant strategies before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:A stratified random sample of 957 public school districts from the 50 US states and the District of Columbia were surveyed between October 2015 and August 2016. The response rates for the questionnaires were as follows: Healthy and Safe School Environment, Crisis Preparedness Module (60%; N = 572), Nutrition Services (63%; N = 599), and Health Services (64%; N = 613). Data were analyzed using descriptive and regression techniques.Results:Most school districts had procedures that would facilitate the implementation of school closures (88.7%). Fewer districts had plans for ensuring continuity of education (43.0%) or feeding students during closure (33.8%). The prevalence of continuity of education plans was lower in the Midwest than the Northeast (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-0.90). Presence of plans for feeding students was higher in high-poverty than low-poverty districts (aPR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.01-1.99) and in large districts than small districts (aPR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.37-3.09).Conclusions:Understanding factors associated with having comprehensive emergency plans could help decision makers to target assistance during the current COVID-19 pandemic and for future planning purposes.
Characterisation of seed dormancy of 12 Chilean species of Nolana (Solanaceae) from the coastal Atacama Desert
Authors: Hepp Josefina , Gómez Miguel , León-Lobos Pedro , Montenegro Gloria , Vilalobos Luis , Contreras Samuel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe genus Nolana (Solanaceae) comprises numerous species endemic to the coastal Atacama Desert of Chile and Peru of high ornamental potential and conservation value. The environments in which these species have evolved and are present today correspond to particular conditions in the midst of a hyper-arid habitat, so the study of their germination requirements and characterisation of seed dormancy becomes important in terms of conservation but also for ecological and evolutionary purposes. Different treatments were performed on mericarps of 12 species of Nolana: control (intact seeds imbibed in distilled water), scarification in funicular plug and distilled water and scarification in funicular plug and addition of GA3 (500 ppm); their permeability to water was also tested. It was determined that the species did not present physical dormancy, as had been previously reported, but rather physiological dormancy (PD). Germination results after treatments were not homogeneous among all 12 species, indicating differences in their dormancy levels. Also, the important role of the endosperm in the prevention of germination for the studied Nolana species was highlighted. Regarding the relationship between the level of PD (expressed as the percentage of germination for the most successful treatment) and the latitudinal distribution of the species or their phylogenetic closeness, it was determined that, for the studied species, their proximity in terms of clades was more relevant than their latitudinal distribution.
Prehospital Transfusion of Red Blood Cells and Plasma by an Urban Ground-Based Critical Care Team
Authors: Michalsen Karoline Sætre , Rognås Leif , Vandborg Mads , Erikstrup Christian , Fenger-Eriksen Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Prehospital blood component therapy poses a possible treatment option among patients with severe bleeding. The aim of this paper was to characterize patients receiving prehospital blood component therapy by a paramedic-doctor-staffed, ground-based prehospital critical care (PHCC) service.Methods:Bleeding patients with a clinical need for prehospital blood transfusion were included prospectively. The following data were collected: indication for transfusion, mechanism of injury, vital parameters, units of red blood cells (RBCs)/plasma transfused, degree of shock, demographics, and mortality.Results:Twenty-one patients received blood products: 12 (57%) traumatic injuries and nine (43%) non-traumatic bleeds, with a median of 1.5 (range 1.0-2.0) units of RBCs and 1.0 (range 0.0-2.0) unit of plasma. The most frequent trigger to initiate transfusion was on-going excessive bleeding and hypotension. Improved systolic blood pressure (SBP) and milder degrees of shock were observed after transfusion. Mean time from initiation of transfusion to hospital arrival was 24 minutes. In-hospital, 11 patients (61%) received further transfusion and 13 (72%) had urgent surgery within 24 hours. Overall, 28-day mortality was 29% at 24-hours and 33% at 28-days.Conclusion:Prehospital blood component therapy is feasible in a ground-based prehospital service in a medium-sized Scandinavian city. Following transfusion, patient physiology and degree of shock were significantly improved.
The Jewish communities of Safed and Jerusalem during the fourteenth century
Authors: EHRLICH MICHAEL 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article I suggest that, although many Jews perished during the wars between the Mamluks and the Franks during the thirteenth century's second half, and others migrated to different Jewish communities in the Middle East and Europe, some Jews migrated to Safed, Jerusalem, and perhaps to Gaza as well. A significant number of the Jews who lived in Safed and Jerusalem during the early decades of the fourteenth century were of a Western European origin but were not newcomers from Europe. I suggest that some of these were Jews who previously lived in Acre and Tyre and migrated to Safed and Jerusalem either shortly before the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem got its coup de grâce, or afterwards.
Recycling and Burial of Biogenic Silica in an Open Margin Oxygen Minimum Zone
Authors: Dale A. W. , Paul K. M. , Clemens D. , Scholz F. , Schroller‐Lomnitz U. , Wallmann K. , Geilert S. , Hensen C. , Plass A. , Liebetrau V. , Grasse P. , Sommer S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn extensive data set of biogenic silica (BSi) fluxes is presented for the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at 11°S and 12°S. Each transect extends from the shelf to the upper slope (∼1,000 m) and dissects the permanently anoxic waters between ∼200 and 500 m water depth. BSi burial (2,100 mmol m−2 yr−1) and recycling fluxes (3,300 mmol m−2 yr−1) were highest on the shelf with mean preservation efficiencies (34% ± 15%) that exceed the global mean of 10%–20%. BSi preservation was highest on the inner shelf (up to 56%), decreasing to 7% and 12% under anoxic waters and below the OMZ, respectively. The data suggest that the main control on BSi preservation is the rate at which reactive BSi is transported away from undersaturated surface sediments by burial and bioturbation to the underlying saturated sediment layers where BSi dissolution is thermodynamically and/or kinetically inhibited. BSi burial across the entire Peruvian margin between 3°S to 15°S and down to 1,000 m water depth is estimated to be 0.1–0.2 Tmol yr−1; equivalent to 2%–7% of total burial on continental margins. Existing global data permit a simple relationship between BSi rain rate to the seafloor and the accumulation of unaltered BSi, giving the possibility to reconstruct rain rates and primary production from the sediment archive in addition to benthic Si turnover in global models.