bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential Value of Video Abstracts to Dissemination of (Some) Information From National Association of Medical Examiners Annual General Meetings
Authors: Obenson Ken 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether video abstracts posted online to a social media platform (Twitter) increased dissemination of poster-abstract content from National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) annual general meeting. At NAME meetings (2018, 2019), 20 authors accepted invitations to record visual abstracts. These were subsequently tweeted with their permission. Results were analyzed to determine how many times the video in each tweet was viewed and the number of impressions generated by the tweet. The NAME provided the number of attendees from each meeting to compare with online exposure to tweets.
Video views per tweet ranged from 34 to 824 with a mean of 338. Of the 20 tweets, 5 (25%) had 600 or more views. The number of impressions per tweet ranged from 192 to 4629, with a mean of 1811. Seventy percent (14) had 500 or more impressions. Average conference participation for the meetings was 501.
Given the numbers of views and even higher number of impressions, there appears to be a substantial increase in dissemination of poster abstracts beyond the conference attendees. The NAME should encourage authors of accepted abstracts to submit video summaries of their work. This will advertise forensic pathology research to a wider audience.
Early dynamic orchestration of immunologic mediators identifies multiply injured patients who are tolerant or sensitive to hemorrhage
Authors: McKinley Todd O. , Gaski Greg E. , Zamora Ruben , Shen Li , Sun Qing , Namas Rami A. , Billiar Timothy R. , Vodovotz Yoram 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND
Multiply injured patients (MIPs) are at risk of complications including infections, and acute and prolonged organ dysfunction. The immunologic response to injury has been shown to affect outcomes. Recent advances in computational capabilities have shown that early dynamic coordination of the immunologic response is associated with improved outcomes after trauma. We hypothesized that patients who were sensitive or tolerant of hemorrhage would demonstrate differences in dynamic immunologic orchestration within hours of injury.

METHODS
We identified two groups of MIPs who demonstrated distinct clinical tolerance to hemorrhage (n = 10) or distinct clinical sensitivity to hemorrhage (n = 9) from a consecutive cohort of 100 MIPs. Hemorrhage was quantified by integrating elevated shock index values for 24 hours after injury (shock volume). Clinical outcomes were quantified by average Marshall Organ Dysfunction Scores from days 2 to 5 after injury. Shock-sensitive patients had high cumulative organ dysfunction after lower magnitude hemorrhage. Shock-tolerant (ST) patients had low cumulative organ dysfunction after higher magnitude hemorrhage. Computational methods were used to analyze a panel of 20 immunologic mediators collected serially over the initial 72 hours after injury.

RESULTS
Dynamic network analysis demonstrated the ST patients had increased orchestration of cytokines that are reparative and protective including interleukins 9, 17E/25, 21, 22, 23, and 33 during the initial 0- to 8-hour and 8- to 24-hour intervals after injury. Shock-sensitive patients had delayed immunologic orchestration of a network of largely proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Elastic net linear regression demonstrated that a group of five mediators could discriminate between shock-sensitive and ST patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary evidence from this study suggests that early immunologic orchestration discriminates between patients who are notably tolerant or sensitive to hemorrhage. Early orchestration of a group of reparative/protective mediators was amplified in shock-tolerant patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prospective clinical outcomes study, level III.
Imlifidase Desensitization in Crossmatch-positive, Highly Sensitized Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results of an International Phase 2 Trial (Highdes)
Authors: Jordan Stanley C. , Legendre Christophe , Desai Niraj M. , Lorant Tomas , Bengtsson Mats , Lonze Bonnie E. , Vo Ashley A. , Runström Anna , Laxmyr Lena , Sjöholm Kristoffer , Schiött Åsa , Sonesson Elisabeth , Wood Kathryn , Winstedt Lena , Kjellman Christian , Montgomery Robert A. 
Published: October 2020

Background.
Highly HLA sensitized patients have limited access to life-saving kidney transplantation because of a paucity of immunologically suitable donors. Imlifidase is a cysteine protease that cleaves IgG leading to a rapid decrease in antibody level and inhibition of IgG-mediated injury. This study investigates the efficacy and safety of imlifidase in converting a positive crossmatch test to negative, allowing highly sensitized patients to be transplanted with a living or deceased donor kidney.

Methods.
This open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial conducted at 5 transplant centers, evaluated the ability of imlifidase to create a negative crossmatch test within 24 h. Secondary endpoints included postimlifidase donor-specific antibody levels compared with predose levels, renal function, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles. Safety endpoints included adverse events and immunogenicity profile.

Results.
Of the transplanted patients, 89.5% demonstrated conversion of baseline positive crossmatch to negative within 24 h after imlifidase treatment. Donor-specific antibodies most often rebounded 3–14 d postimlifidase dose, with substantial interpatient variability. Patient survival was 100% with graft survival of 88.9% at 6 mo. With this, 38.9% had early biopsy proven antibody–mediated rejection with onset 2–19 d posttransplantation. Serum IgG levels began to normalize after ~3–7 d posttransplantation. Antidrug antibody levels were consistent with previous studies. Seven adverse events in 6 patients were classified as possibly or probably related to treatment and were mild-moderate in severity.

Conclusions.
Imlifidase was well tolerated, converted positive crossmatches to negative, and enabled patients with a median calculated panel-reactive antibody of 99.83% to undergo kidney transplantation resulting in good kidney function and graft survival at 6 mo.
The Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Children and Adolescents in the Czech Republic
Authors: Hořínková Jana , Bartečků Elis , Kališová Lucie 
Published: October 2020

Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in child and adolescent patients in the Czech Republic.

Methods
We conducted a mail questionnaire survey among Czech facilities associated with the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and university hospitals with inpatient psychiatric wards, focused on the practice of ECT between 2013 and 2017 in patients younger than 18 years.

Results
Of 18 approached facilities, 13 had access to ECT, and only 6 used ECT on 16 patients. The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia or related disorders (68.75% of patients), and the most common reason for ECT was catatonic symptoms (37.5%). The most common ECT methodology was bitemporal electrode placement with brief-pulse current (62.5%). In 2 patients, ECT was terminated because of ineffectiveness and in 1 patient because of adverse reaction. In other patients, ECT ended after achieving a clinical effect. The most common adverse effect was transient memory impairment in a quarter of the patients. The number of pharmacological treatment attempts before ECT significantly correlated with hospitalization length.

Conclusions
The utilization of ECT among children and adolescents was low. It was usually used in severe conditions after several pharmacological treatment attempts, which may indicate reluctance among providers to use this modality. A number of pharmacological attempts were associated with longer hospitalizations. In the majority of patients, ECT was effective and safe. On the other hand, the monitoring of cognitive adverse effects was insufficient and could be improved.
Efficient plasmid transfer via natural competence in a synthetic microbial community
Authors: Cheng Yu-Yu , Zhou Zhichao , Papadopoulos James M. , Zuke Jason D. , Falbel Tanya G. , Anantharaman Karthik , Burton Briana M. , Venturelli Ophelia S. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe molecular and ecological factors shaping horizontal gene transfer (HGT) via natural transformation in microbial communities are largely unknown, which is critical for understanding the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. We investigate key factors shaping HGT in a microbial community by quantifying extracellular DNA release, species growth and HGT efficiency over time. In the community, plasmid release and HGT efficiency are significantly enhanced than the respective monocultures. The donor is a key determinant of HGT efficiency as plasmids induce the SOS response, enter a multimerized state, and are released at high concentrations, yielding efficient HGT. HGT is independent of the donor viability state as live and dead donor cells transfer the plasmid with high efficiency and is only reduced in response to high donor lysis rates. In sum, plasmid HGT via natural competence depends on an interplay of plasmid properties, donor stress responses and lysis rates and inter-species interactions.
Modulation of Grasp Parameters using Arbitrary Cues about Object Property in Older Adults
Authors: Rao Nishant , Mehta Neha , Patel Pujan , Parikh Pranav J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDexterous manipulation may be guided by explicit information about object property. Such a manipulation requires fine modulation of digit position and forces using explicit cues. Young adults can form arbitrary cue-object property associations for accurate modulation of digit position and forces. Aging, in contrast, might alter this conditional learning. Older adults are impaired in accurately modulating their digit forces using explicit cues about object property. However, it is not known whether older adults can use explicit cues about object property to modulate digit position. In this study, we instructed ten healthy older and ten young adults to learn a manipulation task using arbitrary color cues about object center of mass location. Subjects were required to exert clockwise, counterclockwise, or no torque on the object according to the color cue and lift the object while minimizing its tilt across sixty trials. Older adults produced larger torque error during the conditional learning trials than young adults. This resulted in a significantly slower rate of learning in older adults. Older, but not young adults, failed to modulate their digit position and forces using the color cues. Similar aging-related differences were not observed while learning the task using implicit knowledge about object property. Our findings suggest that aging impairs the ability to use explicit cues about object property to modulate both digit position and forces for dexterous manipulation. We discuss our findings in relation to age-related changes in the processes and the neural network for conditional learning.
Spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity and endemism in the Western Ghats, India: a case study using ancient predatory arthropods
Authors: Bharti D. K. , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Karanth K. Praveen , Joshi Jahnavi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract and keywordsAimTo study patterns of phylogenetic diversity, endemism and turnover in a community of ancient arthropods across a biodiversity hotspot. Our specific aims were to understand diversity gradients, identify hotspots of endemism and conservation importance, and highlight poorly-studied areas with unique biodiversity.LocationThe Western Ghats (WG), IndiaMethodsWe compiled a location data-set for 19 scolopendrid centipedes species which was used to predict areas of habitat suitability using bioclimatic and geomorphological variables in Maxent. We used predicted distributions and time-calibrated species phylogeny to calculate taxonomic and phylogenetic indices of diversity, endemism and turnover.ResultsWe observed a decreasing gradient in Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Diversity (TD/PD) from the southern to northern WG and high Phylogenetic Endemism (PE) in the southern and northern WG. Southern WG had the highest diversity and was represented by lineages with long branch lengths and short ranges as observed from Relative Phylogenetic Diversity/Endemism (RPD and RPE). Despite having low PD, the northern WG had high values of PE represented by distinct lineages as inferred from RPE. Sites across the Palghat Gap grouped separately in comparisons of species turnover along the WG.Main conclusionsOur findings support expectations from the latitudinal diversity gradient in the WG and the southern WG refuge hypotheses. The high diversity and endemism along with the presence of ancient lineages in the southern WG is consistent within-situspeciation. Climatic differences or dispersal barriers might have retained this diversity locally. High phylogenetic endemism in lateritic plateaus of the northern WG, albeit with low phylogenetic diversity, indicates the presence of distinct evolutionary lineages that might be adapted to life in these landscapes characterized by poor soil conditions and seasonal ephemeral habitats. Our results from soil arthropods highlight the need to use phylogeny and distribution data while assessing diversity and endemism patterns in the WG.
Unicellular associative conditioning: an interspecies analysis
Authors: Carrasco-Pujante Jose , Bringas Carlos , Malaina Iker , Fedetz Maria , Martínez Luis , Pérez-Yarza Gorka , Boyano María Dolores , Berdieva Mariia , Goodkov Andrew , I. López José , Knafo Shira , Fuente Ildefonso M. De la 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe capacity to learn new systemic behaviour is a fundamental issue to understand the adaptive mechanisms involved in cellular evolution. We have recently observed, in a preliminary analysis, the emergence of conditioned behaviour in individual amoebae cells. In these experiments, cells were able to acquire new migratory conduct and remember it for long periods of their cellular cycle, forgetting it later on. Here, following a similar conceptual framework of Pavlov’s experiments, we have exhaustively studied the migration trajectories of more than 2000 individual cells belonging to three different species:Amoeba proteus, Metamoeba leningradensis, andAmoeba borokensis. Fundamentally, we have analysed several properties of conditioned cells, such as the intensity of the responses, the directionality persistence, the total distance traveled, the directionality ratio, the average speed, and the persistence times. We have observed that these three species can modify the systemic response to a specific stimulus by associative conditioning. Our main analysis shows that such new behaviour is very robust and presents a similar structure of migration patterns in the three species, which was characterized by the presence of conditioning for long periods, remarkable straightness in their trajectories and strong directional persistence. Our quantitative results, compared with other studies on complex cellular responses in bacteria, protozoa, fungus-like organisms and metazoans, allow us to conclude that cellular associative conditioning might be a widespread characteristic of unicellular organisms. This finding could be essential to understand some key evolutionary principles involved in increasing the cellular adaptive fitness to microenvironments.
Phylostems: a new graphical tool to investigate temporal signal of heterochronous sequences at various evolutionary scales
Authors: Doizy Anna , Prin Amaury , Cornu Guillaume , Chiroleu Frederic , Rieux Adrien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMolecular tip-dating of phylogenetic trees is a growing discipline that uses DNA sequences sampled at different points in time to co-estimate the timing of evolutionary events with rates of molecular evolution. Such inferences should only be performed when there is sufficient temporal signal within the analysed dataset. Hence, it is important for researchers to be able to test their dataset for the amount and consistency of temporal signal prior to any tip-dating inference. For this purpose, the most popular method considered to-date has been the “root-to-tip regression” which consist in fitting a linear regression of the number of substitutions accumulated from the root to the tips of a phylogenetic tree as a function of sampling times. The main limitation of the regression method, in its current implementation, relies in the fact that the temporal signal can only be tested at the whole-tree evolutionary scale.To fill this methodological gap, we introduce phylostems, a new graphical and user-friendly tool developed to investigate temporal signal at every evolutionary scale of a phylogenetic tree.Phylostems allows detecting withouta prioriwhether any subset of a tree would contain sufficient temporal signal for tip-based inference to be performed. We provide a “how to” guide by running phylostems on empirical datasets and supply guidance for results interpretation. Phylostems is freely available athttps://pvbmt-apps.cirad.fr/apps/phylostems.Considering the impressive increase in availability and use of heterochronous datasets, we hope the new functionality provided by phylostems will help biologists to perform thorough tip-dating inferences.
Prevalence of COVID-19 in Adolescents and Youth Compared with Older Adults in States Experiencing Surges
Authors: Rumain Barbara T. , Schneiderman Moshe , Geliebter Allan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPURPOSEThere has been considerable controversy regarding susceptibility of adolescents (10-19 years) and youth (15-24 years) to COVID-19. However, a number of studies have reported that adolescents are significantly less susceptible than older adults. Summer 2020 provided an opportunity to examine data on prevalence since after months of lockdowns, with the easing of restrictions, people were mingling, leading to surges in cases.METHODSWe examined data from six U.S. states experiencing surges in the number of cases to determine prevalence of COVID-19, and two other measures, related to prevalence in adolescents and youth as compared to older adults. The two other measures were: (Percentage of cases observed in a given age group) ÷ (percentage of cases expected based on population demographics); and percentage deviation, or [(% observed - % expected)/ % expected] x 100.RESULTSPrevalence of COVID-19 for adolescents and for youth was significantly greater than for older adults (p<.00001), as was percentage observed ÷ percentage expected (p<.005). The percentage deviation was significantly greater in adolescents/youth than in older adults (p < 0.00001) when there was an excess of observed cases over what was expected, and significantly less when observed cases were fewer than expected (p< 0.00001).CONCLUSIONSOur results are contrary to previous findings that adolescents are less susceptible than older adults. The findings have implications for school re-openings. The age groups 10-19 and 15-24 are students in middle school, high school, college, and the first two years of professional/graduate school. The high prevalence in these age groups would argue against school re-openings in the near future.
Death by scientific method: Estimated mortality associated with the failure to conduct routine prospective cumulative systematic reviews in medicine and public health
Authors: Hahn Robert A. , Teutsch Steven M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFailure to routinely assess the state of knowledge as new studies accumulate results in 1) non-use of effective interventions, 2) continued use of ineffective or harmful interventions, and 3) unnecessary research. We use a published cumulative meta-analysis of interventions to reduce the harms of acute myocardial infarctions (1966-1992), and applied population attributable risk to assess the mortality consequences of the failure to cumulatively assess the state of knowledge. Failure to use knowledge that would have been available with cumulative meta-analysis may have resulted in annual estimated mortality: 41,000 deaths from non-use of intravenous dilators, 35,000 deaths from non-use of aspirin, and 37,000 deaths annually from non-use of ß-blockers. Continued use of Class 1 anti-arrhythmic drugs, which would have been found to be harmful in 1981, resulted 39,000 deaths annually. Failure to routinely update the state knowledge can have large health consequences. The process of building knowledge and practice in medicine and public health needs fundamental revision.
Uncovering the mechanisms of real-world attentional control over the course of primary education
Authors: Turoman Nora , Tivadar Ruxandra I. , Retsa Chrysa , Maillard Anne M. , Scerif Gaia , Matusz Pawel J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSchooling may shape children’s abilities to control their attention, but it is unclear if this impact extends from control over visual objects to encompass multisensory objects, which are more typical of everyday environments. We compared children across three primary school grades ([country] 1st, 3rd, and 5thgrade) on their performance on a game-like audio-visual attentional control task, while recording their EEG. Behavioral markers ofvisualattentional control were present from 3rdgrade (after 2 years of schooling), whereas multisensory attentional control was not detected in any group. However, multivariate whole-brain EEG analyses (‘electrical neuroimaging’) revealed stable patterns of brain activity that indexed both types of attentional control – visual control in all groups, and multisensory attentional control from 3rdgrade onwards. Multivariate EEG approaches can uncover otherwise undetectable mechanisms of attentional control over visual and multisensory objects and characterize how they differ at different educational stages.Lay AbstractWe measured how visual and audiovisual distractors differ in capturing the attention of 1st- to 5th-graders while recording the children’s brain activity. Brain activity results showed that all children were sensitive to visual distraction, and from 3rdgrade onwards, children were also sensitive to audiovisual distraction. These results deepen our understanding of how school children control their attention in everyday environments, which are made up of information that stimulates multiple senses at a time.
SpecSeg: cross spectral power-based segmentation of neurons and neurites in chronic calcium imaging datasets
Authors: de Kraker Leander , Seignette Koen , Thamizharasu Premnath , van den Boom Bastijn J. G. , Pica Ildefonso Ferreira , Willuhn Ingo , Levelt Christiaan N. , van der Togt Chris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImaging calcium signals in neurons of awake, behaving animals using single- or multi-photon microscopy facilitates the study of coding in large neural populations. Such experiments produce massive datasets requiring powerful methods to extract responses from hundreds of neurons. We present SpecSeg, a new open-source toolbox for 1) segmentation of regions of interest (ROIs) representing neuronal structures, 2) inspection and manual editing of ROIs, 3) neuropil correction and signal extraction and 4) matching of ROIs in sequential recordings. SpecSeg uses a novel method for ROI registration, based on temporal cross-correlations of low-frequency components derived by Fourier analysis, of each pixel with its neighbors. The approach is insightful and enables ROI detection around neurons or neurites. It works for single- (miniscope) and multi-photon microscopy data, eliminating the need for separate toolboxes. SpecSeg thus provides an efficient and user-friendly approach for analyzing calcium responses in neuronal structures imaged over prolonged periods of time.