bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electropneumotactile Stimulation: Multimodal Haptic Actuators Enabled by a Stretchable Conductive Polymer on Inflatable Pockets
Authors: Carpenter Cody W. , Malinao Marigold G. , Rafeedi Tarek A. , Rodriquez Daniel , Tan Siew Ting Melissa , Root Nicholas B. , Skelil Kyle , Ramírez Julian , Polat Beril , Root Samuel E. , Ramachandran Vilayanur S. , Lipomi Darren J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA type of haptic device is described that delivers two modes of stimulation simultaneously and at the same location on the skin. The two modes of stimulation are mechanical (delivered pneumatically by inflatable air pockets embedded within a silicone elastomer) and electrical (delivered by a conductive polymer). The key enabling aspect of this work is the use of a highly plasticized conductive polymer based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiphene) (PEDOT) blended with elastomeric polyurethane (PU). To fabricate the “electropneumotactile” device, the polymeric electrodes are overlaid directly on top of the elastomeric pneumatic actuator pockets. Co‐placement of the pneumatic actuators and the electrotactile electrodes is enabled by the stretchability of the PEDOT:tosylate/PU blend, allowing the electrotactiles to conform to underlying pneumatic pockets under deformation. The blend of PEDOT and PU has a Young's modulus of ≈150 MPa with little degradation in conductivity following repeated inflation of the air pockets. The ability to perceive simultaneous delivery of two sensations to the same location on the skin is supported by experiments using human subjects. These results show that participants can successfully detect the location of pneumatic stimulation and whether electrotactile stimulation is delivered (yes/no) at a rate significantly above chance (mean accuracy = 94%).
Silver(I)‐ and Base‐Mediated formal [4+3] Cycloaddition of in Situ generated 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes with C,N‐Cyclic Azomethine Imines: An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Tetrazepine Derivatives
Authors: Li Zefei , Li Shuaikang , Kan Tianjiao , Wang Xinyue , Xin Xin , Hou Yunlei , Gong Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA silver(I)‐ and base‐mediated formal [4+3] cycloaddition reaction of in situ generated 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐dienes with in situ formed C,N‐cyclic azomethine imines has been developed. This protocol provided an efficient method for the synthesis of biologically important 1,2,4,5‐tetrazepine derivatives with a wild substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance in moderate to excellent yields.magnified image
Fatigue Life Prediction of GLARE Composites Using Regression Tree Ensemble‐Based Machine Learning Model
Authors: Sai Wei , Chai Gin Boay , Srikanth Narasimalu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the advancement of machine learning in leading technologies, it is perceived that machine learning is a new and effective alternative for the classic fatigue life prediction. This paper provides a regression tree ensemble‐based machine learning approach to predict the fatigue life of GLARE composites. In the model, mechanical, geometrical properties and fatigue loading stresses are selected as the training parameters (so‐called features), and the GLARE fatigue life is predicted as the output of the model. Experimental data of a total of 98 pieces of GLARE specimens with nine different layups are used for the training and validation of the machine learning model. Results show that the model can provide good fatigue life prediction accuracy and model stability. The most correlated, either positively or negatively, parameters to the fatigue life span are the stress developed in the aluminum layer, the maximum cyclic stress, alternating stress, and mean fatigue stress.
Alkene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Efficient Charge Separation and Transfer in the Presence of Sacrificial Electron Donors
Authors: Mo Chunshao , Yang Meijia , Sun Fusai , Jian Junhua , Zhong Linfeng , Fang Zhengsong , Feng Jiangshan , Yu Dingshan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are potential photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis but they are much less explored for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE). COFs, while intriguing due to crystallinity, tunability, and porosity, tend to have low apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) and little is explored on atomistic structure–performance correlation. Here, adopting triphenylbenzene knots and phenyl linkers as a proof of concept, three structurally related COFs with different linkages are constructed to achieve a tunable COF platform and probe the effect of the linkage chemistry on PHE. Cyano‐substituted alkene‐linked COF (COF–alkene) yields a stable 2330 µmol h−1 g−1 PHE rate, much superior to imine‐ and imide‐linked counterparts (<40 µmol h−1 g−1) under visible light irradiation. Impressively, COF–alkene achieves an AQE of 6.7% at 420 nm. Combined femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculation disclose the critical role of cyano‐substituted alkene linkages toward high efficiency of charge separation and transfer in the presence of sacrificial electron donors—the decisive key to the superior PHE performance. Such alkene linkages can also be extended to design a series of high‐performance polymeric photocatalysts, highlighting a general design idea for efficient PHE.
Corrosion and Alloy Engineering in Rational Design of High Current Density Electrodes for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Jothi Vasanth Rajendiran , Karuppasamy Karuppasamy , Maiyalagan Thandavarayan , Rajan Hashikaa , Jung Chi‐Young , Yi Sung Chul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlongside rare‐earth metals, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu are some of the critical materials that will be in huge demand thanks to growth in clean‐energy sector. Herein scrap stainless steel wires (SSW) from worn‐out tires are employed as a support material for catalyst integration in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In addition, SSW by corrosion engineering is exercised as an in situ formed freestanding robust electrode for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). By superficial corrosion of SSW, inherent active species are unmasked in the form of Ni/FeOOH nanocrystallites displaying efficient water oxidation by reaching 500 mA cm−2 at low overpotential (η500) of 287 mV in 1 m KOH. Similarly, cathode scrap SSW with active (alloy) coatings of MoNi4 catalyzes the HER at η‐200 = 77 mV, with a low activation energy (Ea = 16.338 kJ mol−1) and high durability of 150 h. Promisingly, when used in industrial conditions, 5 m KOH, 343 K, these electrodes demonstrate abnormal activity by yielding high anodic and cathodic current density of 1000 mA cm−2 at η = 233 mV and η = 161 mV, respectively. This work may inspire researchers to explore and reutilize high‐demand metals from scrap for addressing critical material shortfalls in clean‐energy technologies.
Garnet Solid Electrolyte for Advanced All‐Solid‐State Li Batteries
Authors: Xu Laiqiang , Li Jiayang , Deng Wentao , Shuai Honglei , Li Shuo , Xu Zhifeng , Li Jinhui , Hou Hongshuai , Peng Hongjian , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh‐capacity cathodes and anodes in energy storage area are required for delivering high energy density due to the ever‐increasing demands in the applications of electric vehicles and power grids, which suffer from significant safety concerns and poor cycling stability at the current stage. All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have been considered to be particularly promising within the new generation of energy storage, owing to the superiority of safety, wide potential window, and long cycling life. As the key component in ASSLBs, individual solid electrolytes that can meet practical application standards are very rare due to poor performance. To the present day, numerous research efforts have been expended to find applicable solid‐state electrolytes and tremendous progress has been achieved, especially for garnet‐type solid electrolytes. Nevertheless, the garnet‐type solid electrolyte is still facing some crucial dilemmas. Hence, the issues of garnet electrolytes' ionic conductivity, the interfaces between electrodes and garnet solid electrolytes, and application of theoretical calculation on garnet electrolytes are focuses in this review. Furthermore, prospective developments and alternative approaches to the issues are presented, with an aim to improve understanding of garnet electrolytes and promote their practical applications in solid‐state batteries.
Scope and strategies for sustainable intensification of potato production in Northern China
Authors: Wang Na , Reidsma Pytrik , van Ittersum Martin K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important staple crop in China, however, potato yields are low, and thus a general aim is to produce more crop with fewer resources and minimal environmental effects. This study aimed to assess the relationships between yield, resource use efficiencies, and environmental performance of potato production in China. Three major potato production regions (Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Heilongjiang) were surveyed. The current production performance was evaluated, and the scope for improvement was assessed based on a lower and upper target for yield (financial breakeven point and 85% of the potential yield, respectively), water productivity (upper target is 85% of the potential water productivity), nitrogen use efficiency (50 and 90%) and nitrogen surplus (upper target is 80 kg ha−1). Long‐term situations were evaluated to identify the target values of nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen surplus based on currently available technologies. The results indicate that in the short‐term nitrogen fertilizer input can be reduced by allowing for soil nitrogen mining to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and reduce nitrogen surplus. Water productivity can be increased by enhancing yield, and water surplus can be reduced by more efficient management of irrigation and rainfall water. In the long‐term, with good agronomy, we assess it is feasible to improve yield (from 33–43 to 46–57 t FM ha−1), improve nitrogen use efficiency (to 84%), and reduce nitrogen surplus (from 50–156 to 16–34 kg N ha−1) simultaneously. The latter should be validated experimentally.
Synthesis of Spirocyclic 1‐Pyrrolines from Nitrones and Arynes through a Dearomative [3,3′]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement
Authors: Alshreimi Abdullah S. , Zhang Guanqun , Reidl Tyler W. , Peña Ricardo L. , Koto Nicholas‐George , Islam Shahidul M. , Wink Donald J. , Anderson Laura L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA dearomative [3,3′]‐sigmatropic rearrangement that converts N‐alkenylbenzisoxazolines into spirocyclic pyrroline cyclohexadienones has been developed by using the dipolar cycloaddition of an N‐alkenylnitrone and an aryne to access these unusual transient rearrangement precursors. This cascade reaction affords spirocyclic pyrrolines that are inaccessible through dipolar cycloadditions of exocyclic cyclohexenones and provides a fundamentally new approach to novel spirocyclic pyrroline and pyrrolidine motifs that are common scaffolds in biologically‐active molecules. Diastereoselective functionalization processes have also been explored to demonstrate the divergent synthetic utility of the unsaturated spirocyclic products.
MOF‐Derived Double‐Layer Hollow Nanoparticles with Oxygen Generation Ability for Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Pan Xueting , Wang Weiwei , Huang Zhijun , Liu Shuang , Guo Juan , Zhang Fengrong , Yuan Hongjun , Li Xin , Liu Fengyong , Liu Huiyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability and simple construction of sonosensitizer systems remain challenging in sonodynamic therapy against the hypoxic tumor. In this work, we rationally prepared MOF‐derived double‐layer hollow manganese silicate nanoparticle (DHMS) with highly effective ROS yield under ultrasound irradiation for multimodal imaging‐guided sonodynamic therapy (SDT). The presence of Mn in DHMS increased ROS generation efficiency because it could be oxidized by holes to improve the electron–hole separation. Moreover, DHMS could produce oxygen in the tumor microenvironment, which helps overcome the hypoxia of the solid tumor and thus enhance the treatment efficiency. In vivo experiments demonstrated efficient tumor inhibition in DHMS‐mediated SDT guided by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. This work presents a MOF‐derived nanoparticle with sonosensitive and oxygen generating ability, which provides a promising strategy for tumor hypoxia in SDT.
Facile Synthesis of Well‐Defined Branched Sulfur‐Containing Copolymers: One‐Pot Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide and Epoxide
Authors: Yue Tian‐Jun , Bhat Gulzar A. , Zhang Wen‐Jian , Ren Wei‐Min , Lu Xiao‐Bing , Darensbourg Donald J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTopological polymers possess many advantages over linear polymers. However, when it comes to the poly(monothiocarbonate)s, no topological polymers have been reported. Described herein is a facile and efficient approach for synthesizing well‐defined branched poly(monothiocarbonate)s in a “grafting through” manner by copolymerizing carbonyl sulfide (COS) with epichlorohydrin (ECH), where the side‐chain forms in situ. The lengths of the side‐chains are tunable based on reaction temperatures. More importantly, enhancement in thermal properties of the branched copolymer was observed, as the Tg value increased by 22 °C, compared to the linear analogues. When chiral ECH was utilized, semicrystalline branched poly(monothiocarbonate)s were accessible with a Tm value of 112 °C, which is 40 °C higher than that of the corresponding linear poly(monothiocarbonate)s. The strategy presented herein for synthesizing branched polymers provides efficient and concise access to topological polymers.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts‐Type Coupling and Dedinitrogenation Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds
Authors: Zheng Haifeng , Dong Kuiyong , Wherritt Daniel , Arman Hadi , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe direct Friedel–Crafts‐type coupling and dedinitrogenation reactions of vinyldiazo compounds with aromatic compounds using a metal‐free strategy are described. This Brønsted acid catalyzed method is efficient for the formation of α‐diazo β‐carbocations (vinyldiazonium ions), vinyl carbocations, and allylic or homoallylic carbocation species via vinyldiazo compounds. By choosing suitable nucleophilic reagents to selectively capture these intermediates, both trisubstituted α,β‐unsaturated esters, β‐indole‐substituted diazo esters, and dienes are obtained with good to high yields and selectivity. Experimental insights implicate a reaction mechanism involving the selective protonation of vinyldiazo compounds and the subsequent release of dinitrogen to form vinyl cations that undergo intramolecular 1,3‐ and 1,4‐ hydride transfer processes as well as fragmentation.
A Highly Efficient All‐Solid‐State Lithium/Electrolyte Interface Induced by an Energetic Reaction
Authors: Zhong Yiren , Xie Yujun , Hwang Sooyeon , Wang Qian , Cha Judy J. , Su Dong , Wang Hailiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe energetic chemical reaction between Zn(NO3)2 and Li is used to create a solid‐state interface between Li metal and Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) electrolyte. This interlayer, composed of Zn, ZnLix alloy, Li3N, Li2O, and other species, possesses strong affinities with both Li metal and LLZTO and affords highly efficient conductive pathways for Li+ transport through the interface. The unique structure and properties of the interlayer lead to Li metal anodes with longer cycle life, higher efficiency, and better safety compared to the current best Li metal electrodes operating in liquid electrolytes while retaining comparable capacity, rate, and overpotential. All‐solid‐state Li||Li cells can operate at very demanding current–capacity conditions of 4 mA cm−2–8 mAh cm−2. Thousands of hours of continuous cycling are achieved at Coulombic efficiency >99.5 % without dendrite formation or side reactions with the electrolyte.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Arenes by Nickel‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Hydroarylation of 1,3‐Dienes with Aryl Boronates
Authors: Marcum Justin S. , Taylor Tiffany R. , Meek Simon J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA catalytic method for the site‐selective and enantioselective synthesis of functionalized arenes by the intermolecular hydroarylation of terminal and internal 1,3‐dienes with aryl pinacolato boronates is reported. The reactions are promoted by 5.0 mol % of a readily available monodentate phosphoramidite‐Ni complex in ethanol, affording a variety of enantioenriched products in up to 96 % yield and 99:1 er. Mechanistic studies indicate that Ni–allyl formation is irreversible and related to the nature of the arylboronate.
Protection against peripheral artery disease injury by Ruan Jian Qing Mai formula via metabolic programming
Authors: Chen Jian , Liang Zhi‐qiang , Hu Can , Gao Yuan , Wang Yong‐kui , Yang Jiang‐wei , Zhao Cheng , Cao Ye‐min , Cao Yong‐bing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRuan Jian Qing Mai formula (RJQM), a multicomponent herbal formula, has been widely used to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in China. However, its active compounds and mechanisms of action are still unknown. First, RNA sequencing analysis of 15 healthy and 16 PAD samples showed that 524 PAD differential genes were significantly enriched in Go Ontology (ribonucleotide metabolic process, oxidoreductase complex, and electron transfer activity), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and GSEA pathways (OXPHOS and TCA cycle), miRNA (MIR183), and kinase (PAK6). Fifty‐three active ingredients in RJQM had similar structures to the seven drug molecules in CLUE. Then, network topology analysis of the 53 components‐target‐pathway‐disease network yielded 10 active ingredients. Finally, computational toxicity estimations showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) of the 10 active ingredients was above 1000 mg/kg, and eight of them did not cause hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, cytotoxicity, and immunotoxicity nor activate 12 toxic pathways. In conclusion, RJQM has a protection effect on PAD by regulating a complex molecular network. Part of the mechanism is associated with the regulation of OXPHOS by 10 active components, which may alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and pathological metabolic programming.
Good design practices for an integrated containment and production system for advanced therapies
Authors: Zanini Cristina , Severina Franco , Lando Giovanni , Fanizza Carlotta , Cesana Eugenio , Desidera Davide , Bonifacio Marco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAdvances in molecular biology and the possibility of differentiating stem cells have opened up new scenarios in therapies that use progenitor or variously differentiated cells. Regardless of the choice of the system, designing a plant for producing advanced therapies requires a clear understanding of the final objective (the product), taking into account all the regulatory, environment, process, risk assessment, asepsis, and validation aspects involved until its implementation. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliant procedures are a prerequisite for cell production in clinical application, and clean rooms are zones for producing cell therapies. Clean rooms for clinical application require high running and maintenance costs and need trained operators and strict procedures to prepare the rooms and the people involved in the processes. While today production mainly occurs in open systems (clean rooms), there is evidence of processes in closed systems (isolators). The isolator is a Grade A aseptic closed system that requires a controlled environment and at least a Grade D environment in the case of sterile productions (A in D closed system). The use of isolators can ensure a very high level of protection against the risk of product contamination and, at the same time, provide the operators with a very safe working environment. Furthermore, working with closed systems can optimize and facilitate the production of Advanced Therapy Medical Products in GMP environments, by providing an easily reproducible working tool even for large‐scale production, with generally lower costs compared to a classical clean room approach. In conclusion, the isolator workstation as a possible alternative to the classic clean room, due to its small size and the simplification of the working and maintenance operational procedures, may represent an interesting solution in the perspective of the increasingly more stringent requests for cost reductions of GMP in clinical application.
Sustainable development of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in the European Union: A taxonomy of circular economy practices
Authors: Bassi Francesca , Dias José G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the implementation of circular economy (CE) practices in small‐ and medium‐sized firms in all 28 European Union (EU) countries. The analyses take into account the hierarchical nature of the collected data as firms are nested within EU countries, that is, the heterogeneity between different types of firms and countries according to practices and attitudes towards CE. The multilevel latent class model identifies groups of firms and groups of EU countries that are homogeneous in terms of CE, that is, how the homogeneous groups of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are distributed across the groups of EU countries. These results, together with the fact that firms with similar CE attitudes and practices have different demographic and business profiles across groups of countries, shed further light on the topic of green behavior in the EU with implications for businesses' environmental policies. Moreover, indications emerge that European policies favoring the implementation of CE practices should be targeted at least for subgroups of European countries, considering the different composition by typology of SMEs operating in their territories and that, at the same time, policies should be defined within each group of countries to account for the specific features of each of the four classes of SMEs.
A m6A Sensing Method by Its Impact on the Stability of RNA Double Helix
Authors: Yang Shixi , Wu Fan , Peng Shuang , Wang Fang , Chen Yi , Yuan Yushu , Weng Xiaocheng , Zhou Xiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractN6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most important RNA modifications in epigenetics. The development of detection method for m6A is limited by its abundance and structure. Although it has been previously reported that its presence has an impact on the complementary pairing of RNA, few assays have been developed using this finding. We used this discovery and designed a detection method based on Cas13a system, which has different fluorescence signals for target RNAs containing m6A modification and target RNAs without m6A modification. We verified the fact that the presence of m6A could cause the instability of dsRNA using the Cas13a system and provided a new direction and strategy for the development of m6A detection methods in the future.