bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for mental illness in adults with atopic eczema or psoriasis: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Adesanya Elizabeth I , Schonmann Yochai , Hayes Joseph F , Mathur Rohini , Mulick Amy R , Rayner Lauren , Smeeth Liam , Smith Catherine H , Langan Sinéad M , Mansfield Kathryn E 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionEvidence indicates that people with the common inflammatory skin diseases atopic eczema or psoriasis are at increased risk of mental illness. However, the reasons for the relationship between skin disease and common mental disorders (ie, depression and anxiety) or severe mental illnesses (ie, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychoses) are unclear. Therefore, we aim to synthesise the available evidence regarding the risk factors for mental illness in adults with atopic eczema or psoriasis.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies. We will search the following databases from inception to March 2020: Medline, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Base, PsycInfo, the Global Resource of Eczema Trials, and the grey literature databases Open Grey, PsycExtra and the New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report. We will also search the bibliographies of eligible studies and relevant systematic reviews to identify additional relevant studies. Citation searching of large summary papers will be used to further identify relevant publications. Two reviewers will initially review study titles and abstracts for eligibility, followed by full text screening. We will extract data using a standardised data extraction form. We will assess the risk of bias of included studies using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. We will synthesise data narratively, and if studies are sufficiently homogenous, we will consider a meta-analysis. We will assess the quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for a systematic review. Results of the review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated through conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020163941.
Cardiovascular risk prediction using physical performance measures in COPD: results from a multicentre observational study
Authors: Fermont Jilles M , Fisk Marie , Bolton Charlotte E , MacNee William , Cockcroft John R , Fuld Jonathan , Cheriyan Joseph , Mohan Divya , Mäki-Petäjä Kaisa M , Al-Hadithi Ali B , Tal-Singer Ruth , Müllerova Hana , Polkey Michael I , Wood Angela M , McEniery Carmel M , Wilkinson Ian B 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesAlthough cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common comorbidity associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it is unknown how to improve prediction of cardiovascular (CV) risk in individuals with COPD. Traditional CV risk scores have been tested in different populations but not uniquely in COPD. The potential of alternative markers to improve CV risk prediction in individuals with COPD is unknown. We aimed to determine the predictive value of conventional CVD risk factors in COPD and to determine if additional markers improve prediction beyond conventional factors.DesignData from the Evaluation of the Role of Inflammation in Chronic Airways disease cohort, which enrolled 729 individuals with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage II–IV COPD were used. Linked hospital episode statistics and survival data were prospectively collected for a median 4.6 years of follow-up.SettingFive UK centres interested in COPD.ParticipantsPopulation-based sample including 714 individuals with spirometry-defined COPD, smoked at least 10 pack years and who were clinically stable for >4 weeks.InterventionsBaseline measurements included aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, spirometry and Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnoea and Exercise capacity (BODE) Index, 6 min walk test (6MWT) and 4 m gait speed (4MGS) test.Primary and secondary outcome measuresNew occurrence (first event) of fatal or non-fatal hospitalised CVD, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.ResultsOut of 714 participants, 192 (27%) had CV hospitalisation and 6 died due to CVD. The overall CV risk model C-statistic was 0.689 (95% CI 0.688 to 0.691). aPWV and CIMT neither had an association with study outcome nor improved model prediction. CRP, fibrinogen, GOLD stage, BODE Index, 4MGS and 6MWT were associated with the outcome, independently of conventional risk factors (p<0.05 for all). However, only 6MWT improved model discrimination (C=0.727, 95% CI 0.726 to 0.728).ConclusionPoor physical performance defined by the 6MWT improves prediction of CV hospitalisation in individuals with COPD.Trial registration numberID 11101.
Protocol to assess the efficacy of carnosine supplementation in mitigating the adverse cardiovascular responses to particulate matter (PM) exposure: the Nucleophilic Defense Against PM Toxicity (NEAT) trial
Authors: O"Toole Timothy E. , Amraotkar Alok A. , DeFilippis Andrew P. , Rai Shesh N. , Keith Rachel J. , Baba Shahid P. , Lorkiewicz Pawel , Crandell Catherine E. , Pariser Gina L. , Wingard Christopher J. , Pope III C. Arden , Bhatnagar Aruni 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionExposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is associated with cardiovascular disease. These outcomes are believed to originate from pulmonary oxidative stress and the systemic delivery of oxidised biomolecules (eg, aldehydes) generated in the lungs. Carnosine is an endogenous di-peptide (β-alanine-L-histidine) which promotes physiological homeostasis in part by conjugating to and neutralising toxic aldehydes. We hypothesise that an increase of endogenous carnosine by dietary supplementation would mitigate the adverse cardiovascular outcomes associated with PM exposure in humans.Methods and analysisTo test this, we designed the Nucleophilic Defense Against PM Toxicity trial. This trial will enroll 240 participants over 2 years and determine if carnosine supplementation mitigates the adverse effects of PM inhalation. The participants will have low levels of endogenous carnosine to facilitate identification of supplementation-specific outcomes. At enrollment, we will measure several indices of inflammation, preclinical cardiovascular disease and physical function. Participants will be randomly allocated to carnosine or placebo groups and instructed to take their oral supplement for 12 weeks with two return clinical visits and repeated assessments during times of peak PM exposure (June–September) in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Statistical modelling approaches will be used to assess the efficacy of carnosine supplementation in mitigating adverse outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Louisville. Results from this study will be disseminated at scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration:NCT03314987; Pre-results
Real-life impact of clinical prediction rules for venous thromboembolism in primary care: a cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: van Maanen Rosanne , Kingma Annelieke E C , Oudega Ruud , Rutten Frans H , Moons Karel , Geersing Geert-Jan 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveClinical prediction rules (CPRs) followed by D-dimer testing were shown to safely rule out venous thromboembolism (VTE) in about half of all suspected patients in controlled and experienced study settings. Yet, its real-life impact in primary care is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the real-life impact of CPRs for suspected VTE in primary care.DesignCross-sectional cohort study.SettingPrimary care in the Netherlands.ParticipantsPatients with suspected deep venous thrombosis (n=993) and suspected pulmonary embolism (n=484).InterventionsGeneral practitioners received an educational instruction on how to use CPRs in suspected VTE. We did not rectify incorrect application of the CPR in order to mimic daily clinical care.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were the diagnostic failure rate, defined as the 3-month incidence of VTE in the non-referred group, and the efficiency, defined as the proportion of non-referred patients in the total study population. Secondary outcomes were determinants for and consequences of incorrect application of the CPRs.ResultsIn 267 of the included 1477 patients, VTE was confirmed. When CPRs were correctly applied, the failure rate was 1.51% (95% CI 0.77 to 2.86), and the efficiency was 58.1% (95% CI 55.2 to 61.0). However, the CPRs were incorrectly applied in 339 patients, which resulted in an increased failure rate of 3.31% (95% CI 1.07 to 8.76) and a decreased efficiency of 35.7% (95% CI 30.6 to 41.1). The presence of concurrent heart failure increased the likelihood of incorrect application (adjusted OR 3.26; 95% CI 1.47 to 7.21).ConclusionsCorrect application of CPRs for VTE in primary care is associated with an acceptable low failure rate at a high efficiency. Importantly, in nearly a quarter of patients, the CPRs were incorrectly applied that resulted in a higher failure rate and a considerably lower efficiency.
Next generation sequencing for detection ofEGFRalterations in NSCLC: is more better?
Authors: Batra Ullas , Nathany Shrinidhi , Sharma Mansi , Jain Parveen , Mehta Anurag 
Published: December 2020

AimsThe emergence of sophisticated next generation sequencing (NGS) based technologies in routine molecular diagnostics has paved the way for robust and accurate detection of variants which may otherwise be missed on single gene testing. This study aims at highlighting the same premise in EGFR mutated non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).Methods1350 cases of NSCLC were screened, of which 490 EGFR mutated cases were taken. The clinical records and molecular features were evaluated retrospectively to determine those cases which were missed on single gene testing.ResultsAmong these 490 cases, there were 11 (2.2%) cases which tested negative on single gene testing using polymerase chain reaction (therascreen). These were then subjected to NGS based testing and were positive for 13 differentEGFRmutations. Five out of the 11 cases receivedEGFRtyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) based on the NGS test outcome. Four cases with exon 20 insertion mutations were not offered TKI as these mutations are known to be intrinsically resistant to TKI therapy. The five patients who have been treated with TKI have shown fair response and have not progressed to date.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a potentially preferable way to profile treatment-naïve patients with NSCLC by NGS and from our early experience inEGFRmutant cases, the advantages of NGS over single gene testing is clearly evident.
Brainstem and cerebellar involvement in MOG-IgG-associated disorder versus aquaporin-4-IgG and MS
Authors: Banks Samantha A , Morris Padraig P , Chen John J , Pittock Sean J , Sechi Elia , Kunchok Amy , Tillema Jan-Mendelt , Fryer James P , Weinshenker Brian G , Krecke Karl N , Lopez-Chiriboga A Sebastian , Nguyen Adam , Greenwood Tammy M , Lucchinetti Claudia F , Zalewski Nicholas L , Messina Steven A , Flanagan Eoin P 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency and characteristics of brainstem or cerebellar involvement in myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody-associated-disorder (MOGAD) versus aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive-neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG-NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsIn this observational study, we retrospectively identified 185 Mayo Clinic MOGAD patients with: (1) characteristic MOGAD phenotype, (2) MOG-IgG seropositivity by live cell-based assay and (3) MRI lesion(s) of brainstem, cerebellum or both. We compared the symptomatic attacks to AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (n=30) and MS (n=30).ResultsBrainstem or cerebellar involvement occurred in 62/185 (34%) MOGAD patients of which 39/62 (63%) were symptomatic. Ataxia (45%) and diplopia (26%) were common manifestations. The median age in years (range) in MOGAD of 24 (2–65) was younger than MS at 36 (16–65; p=0.046) and AQP4-IgG-NMOSD at 45 (6–72; p=0.006). Isolated attacks involving the brainstem, cerebellum or both were less frequent in MOGAD (9/39 (23%)) than MS (22/30 (73%); p<0.001) but not significantly different from AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (14/30 (47%); p=0.07). Diffuse middle cerebellar peduncle MRI-lesions favoured MOGAD (17/37 (46%)) over MS (3/30 (10%); p=0.001) and AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (3/30 (10%); p=0.001). Diffuse medulla, pons or midbrain MRI lesions occasionally occurred in MOGAD and AQP4-IgG-NMOSD but never in MS. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands were rare in MOGAD (5/30 (17%)) and AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (2/22 (9%); p=0.68) but common in MS (18/22 (82%); p<0.001). Disability at nadir or recovery did not differ between the groups.ConclusionInvolvement of the brainstem, cerebellum or both is common in MOGAD but usually occurs as a component of a multifocal central nervous system attack rather than in isolation. We identified clinical, CSF and MRI attributes that can help discriminate MOGAD from AQP4-IgG-NMOSD and MS.
Sterile neutrinos with altered dispersion relations as an explanation for neutrino anomalies
Authors: Döring Dominik , Päs Heinrich , Sicking Philipp , Weiler Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently the MiniBooNE Collaboration has confirmed its anomalous excess in $$\overset{\scriptscriptstyle (-)}{\nu }_\mu \rightarrow \overset{\scriptscriptstyle (-)}{\nu }_e$$

ν

(
-
)

μ

→

ν

(
-
)

e

neutrino oscillation data. Combined with long-standing results from the LSND experiment this amounts to a $$6.1\,\sigma $$

6.1

σ

evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model. In this paper we develop a framework with 3 active and 3 sterile neutrinos with altered dispersion relations that provides a mechanism to explain these anomalies without being in conflict with the absence of anomalous neutrino disappearance in other neutrino oscillation experiments.
Gravitational Landau damping for massive scalar modes
Authors: Moretti Fabio , Bombacigno Flavio , Montani Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe establish the possibility of Landau damping for gravitational scalar waves which propagate in a non-collisional gas of particles. In particular, under the hypothesis of homogeneity and isotropy, we describe the medium at the equilibrium with a Jüttner–Maxwell distribution, and we analytically determine the damping rate from the Vlasov equation. We find that damping occurs only if the phase velocity of the wave is subluminal throughout the propagation within the medium. Finally, we investigate relativistic media in cosmological settings by adopting numerical techniques.
Association of Plasma C1q/TNF-Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Chen Liwen , Liu Shuwang , Xu Wei , Zhang Yuan , Bai Jin , Li Lei , Cui Ming , Sun Lijie 
Published: December 2020

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent cardiac arrhythmia characterized by atrial remodeling. Complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) is one of the adipokines associated with obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. The association between plasma CTRP3 levels and AF is uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma CTRP3 concentrations were correlated with AF. Our study included 75 AF patients who underwent catheter ablation at our hospital and 47 sinus rhythm patients to determine the difference in plasma CTRP3 concentrations. Blood samples before the ablation were collected, and ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of CTRP3. Plasma CTRP3 concentrations were significantly lower in AF patients compared with control group (

366.9
±
105.2

ng
/
ml

vs.

429.1
±
100.1

ng
/
ml

,

p
=
0.002

). In subgroup studies, patients with persistent AF had lower plasma CTRP3 concentrations than those with paroxysmal AF (

328.3
±
83.3

ng
/
ml

vs.

380.0
±
109.2

ng
/
ml

,

p
=
0.037

). The concentrations of plasma CTRP3 in the recurrence group after radiofrequency catheter ablation of AF were lower than those in the nonrecurrence group (

337.9
±
77.3

ng
/
ml

vs.

386.6
±
108.1

ng
/
ml

,

p
=
0.045

). Multivariate regression analysis revealed the independent correlation between plasma CTRP3 level and AF. Plasma CTRP3 concentrations were correlated with the presence of AF and AF recurrence.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Improves Impaired Fatty Acid Oxidation Via the Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-ɑ – Proliferator-Activated Receptor-r Coactivator-1ɑ Signaling in Skeletal Muscle of Mice With Heart Failure
Authors: Matsumoto Junichi , Takada Shingo , Furihata Takaaki , Nambu Hideo , Kakutani Naoya , Maekawa Satoshi , Mizushima Wataru , Nakano Ippei , Fukushima Arata , Yokota Takashi , Tanaka Shinya , Handa Haruka , Sabe Hisataka , Kinugawa Shintaro 
Published: December 2020

Background:
We recently reported that treatment with rhBDNF (recombinant human brain-derived neurotrophic factor) improved the reduced exercise capacity of mice with heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). Since BDNF is reported to enhance fatty acid oxidation, we herein conducted an in vivo investigation to determine whether the improvement in exercise capacity is due to the enhancement of the fatty acid oxidation of skeletal muscle via the AMPKα-PGC1α (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-ɑ–proliferator-activated receptor-r coactivator-1ɑ) axis.

Methods:
MI and sham operations were conducted in C57BL/6J mice. Two weeks postsurgery, we randomly divided the MI mice into groups treated with rhBDNF or vehicle for 2 weeks. AMPKα-PGC1α signaling and mitochondrial content in the skeletal muscle of the mice were evaluated by Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. Fatty acid β-oxidation was examined by high-resolution respirometry using permeabilized muscle fiber. BDNF-knockout mice were treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-riboruranoside, an activator of AMPK.

Results:
The rhBDNF treatment significantly increased the expressions of phosphorylated AMPKα and PGC1α protein and the intermyofibrillar mitochondrial density in the MI mice. The lowered skeletal muscle mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was significantly improved in the rhBDNF-treated MI mice. The reduced exercise capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction of the BDNF-knockout mice were improved by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-riboruranoside.

Conclusions:
Beneficial effects of BDNF on the exercise capacity of mice with HF are mediated through an enhancement of fatty acid oxidation via the activation of AMPKα-PGC1α in skeletal muscle. BDNF may become a therapeutic option to improve exercise capacity as an alternative or adjunct to exercise training.
Cross-Basin Interactions between the Tropical Atlantic and Pacific in the ECMWF Hindcasts
Authors: Ma Jing , Xie Shang-Ping , Xu Haiming , Zhao Jiuwei , Zhang Leying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing the ensemble hindcasts of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) coupled model for the period of 1980–2005, spatiotemporal evolution in the covariability of sea surface temperature (SST) and low-level winds in the ensemble mean and spread over the tropical Atlantic is investigated with the month-reliant singular value decomposition (SVD) method, which treats the variables in a given monthly sequence as one time step. The leading mode of the ensemble mean represents a coevolution of SST and winds over the tropical Atlantic associated with a phase transition of El Niño from the peak to decay phase, while the second mode is related to a phase transition from El Niño to La Niña, indicating a precursory role of the north tropical Atlantic (NTA) SST warming in La Niña development. The leading mode of ensemble spread in SST and winds further illustrates that an NTA SST anomaly acts as a precursor for El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A north-tropical pathway for the delayed effect of the NTA SST anomaly on the subsequent ENSO event is identified; the NTA SST warming induces the subtropical northeast Pacific SST cooling through the modulation of a zonal–vertical circulation, setting off a North Pacific meridional mode (NPMM). The coupled SST–wind anomalies migrate southwestward to the central equatorial Pacific and eventually amplify into a La Niña event in the following months due to the equatorial Bjerknes feedback. Ensemble spread greatly increases the sample size and affords insights into the interbasin interactions between the tropical Atlantic and Pacific, as demonstrated here in the NTA SST impact on ENSO.
Regionalization of Seasonal Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and Associated Large-Scale Atmospheric Systems
Authors: Lai Hui-Wen , Chen Hans W. , Kukulies Julia , Ou Tinghai , Chen Deliang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrecipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has major societal impacts in South and East Asia, but its spatiotemporal variations are not well understood, mainly because of the sparsely distributed in situ observation sites. With the help of the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite product IMERG and the ERA5 dataset, distinct precipitation seasonality features over the TP were objectively classified using a self-organizing map algorithm fed with 10-day averaged precipitation from 2000 to 2019. The classification reveals three main precipitation regimes with distinct seasonality of precipitation: the winter peak, centered at the western plateau; the early summer peak, found on the eastern plateau; and the late summer peak, mainly located on the southwestern plateau. On a year-to-year basis, the winter peak regime is relatively robust, whereas the early summer and late summer peak regimes tend to shift mainly between the central and northern TP but are robust in the eastern and southwestern TP. A composite analysis shows that the winter peak regime experiences larger amounts of precipitation in winter and early spring when the westerly jet is anomalously strong to the north of the TP. Precipitation variations in the late summer peak regime are associated with intensity changes in the South Asian high and Indian summer monsoon. The precipitation in the early summer peak regime is correlated with the Indian summer monsoon together with anticyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific. The results provide a basic understanding of precipitation seasonality variations over the TP and associated large-scale conditions.