bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal control of a two‐wheeled self‐balancing robot by reinforcement learning
Authors: Guo Linyuan , Rizvi Syed Ali Asad , Lin Zongli 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article concerns optimal control of the linear motion, tilt motion, and yaw motion of a two‐wheeled self‐balancing robot (TWSBR). Traditional optimal control methods for the TWSBR usually require a precise model of the system, and other control methods exist that achieve stabilization in the face of parameter uncertainties. In practical applications, it is often desirable to realize optimal control in the absence of the precise knowledge of the system parameters. This article proposes to use a new feedback‐based reinforcement learning method to solve the linear quadratic regulation (LQR) control problem for the TWSBR. The proposed control scheme is completely online and does not require any knowledge of the system parameters. The proposed input decoupling mechanism and pre‐feedback law overcome the commonly encountered computational difficulties in implementing the learning algorithms. Both state feedback optimal control and output feedback optimal control are presented. Numerical simulation shows that the proposed optimal control scheme is capable of stabilizing the system and converging to the LQR solution obtained through solving the algebraic Riccati equation.
Extending the conceptual model of river island development to incorporate different tree species and environmental conditions
Authors: Gurnell Angela M. , Bertoldi Walter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRiparian vegetation survival and establishment in gravel‐bed rivers depends on the balance between vegetation growth and flood disturbance. We present four examples of vegetation and landform development in gaps (linear open spaces) between established islands and/or floodplain within a reach of the middle Tagliamento River, Italy. Gaps offer shelter to vegetation, supporting higher colonization success and different vegetation‐landform evolution pathways. Time sequences of aerial images track vegetation development over 30 years in the four gaps. In combination with the flood disturbance time series, we interpret vegetation dynamics and identify the fate of sexual and asexual reproduction strategies by observing vegetation expansion from lines of young plants and shrubs and from uprooted deposited trees and pioneer islands, respectively. Analysis of image sequences reveals common features across the four gaps that are generalized to extend a conceptual model of island development. Growing conditions, disturbance energy and time (window of opportunity) between major floods are the main controls on vegetation colonization. These vary among rivers, among reaches along the same river and locally, as in the investigated gaps, allowing different tree species with different life history traits (e.g., Populus nigra, Alnus incana) to engineer local river landforms in different and complementary ways. Although the conceptual model is inspired by observations on the Tagliamento River, consideration of species life history traits and the joint influences of growing conditions, disturbance energy and windows of opportunity provide a framework that may be applied to other temperate rivers where trees drive landform development.
An analytical toast to wine: Using stacked generalization to predict wine preference
Authors: Larkin Taylor , McManus Denise 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to the intricacies surrounding taste profiles, one's view of good wine is subjective. Therefore, it is advantageous to provide a more objective, data‐driven way to assess wine preferences. Motivated by a previous study that modeled wine preferences using machine learning algorithms, this work presents an ensemble approach to predict a wine sample's quality level given its physiochemical properties. Results show the proposed framework out‐performs many sophisticated models including the one recommended by the motivational study. Moreover, the proposed framework offers a simple variable importance strategy to gain insight as to the relevance of the predictor variables and is applied to both simulated and real data. Given the predictive power of using ensembles, especially when they can be interpretable, practitioners can use the following approach to provide an accurate and inferential perspective towards demystifying wine preferences.
Suppressed Jahn–Teller Distortion in MnCo2O4@Ni2P Heterostructures to Promote the Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ge Jing , Zhang Wen , Tu Jun , Xia Tao , Chen Sanping , Xie Gang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractJahn–Teller distortion in cobalt based spinel electrocatalysts causes poor activity and stability in potentially promising catalysts for water splitting. Here, a novel strategy to resolve this problem by interface engineering is reported, in which, Jahn–Teller distortion in MnCo2O4 is significantly suppressed by in situ growth Ni2P nanosheets onto the MnCo2O4. The significance of interface engineering in suppressing Jahn–Teller distortion of Mn3+ is further investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the resulting increased catalytic activity and the effects of suppressed distortion demonstrated by density functional theory calculations. The resulting MnCo2O4@Ni2P heterostructures exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity for the both oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction with small overpotentials of 240 and 57 mV at 10 mA cm‐2, respectively. Furthermore, the heterogeneous composite electrode demonstrates a superior current density of 10 mA cm‐2 at a voltage of 1.63 V with excellent durability in a water splitting cell.
In Vivo Dynamic Monitoring of Bacterial Infection by NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Chen Jun , Feng Sijia , Chen Mo , Li Pei , Yang Yimeng , Zhang Jian , Xu Xiaogang , Li Yunxia , Chen Shiyi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTime window of antibiotic administration is a critical but long‐neglected point in the treatment of bacterial infection, as unnecessary prolonged antibiotics are increasingly causing catastrophic drug‐resistance. Here, a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging strategy based on lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) is presented to dynamically monitor bacterial infection in vivo in a real‐time manner. The prepared PbS QDs not only provide a low detection limit (104 CFU mL−1) of four typical bacteria strains in vitro but also show a particularly high labeling efficiency with Escherichia coli (E. coli). The NIR‐II in vivo imaging results reveal that the number of invading bacteria first decreases after post‐injection, then increases from 1 d to 1 week and drop again over time in infected mouse models. Meanwhile, there is a simultaneous variation of dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and CD8+ T lymphocytes against bacterial infection at the same time points. Notably, the infected mouse self‐heals eventually without antibiotic treatment, as a robust immune system can successfully prevent further health deterioration. The NIR‐II imaging approach enables real‐time monitoring of bacterial infection in vivo, thus facilitating spatiotemporal deciphering of time window for antibiotic treatment.
Programmable Organic‐Free Negative Differential Resistance Memristor Based on Plasmonic Tunnel Junction
Authors: Xu Chen , Li Chuanping , Jin Yongdong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomenon is reported herein based on planar plasmonic tunnel junction, resulting from plasmon‐assisted long‐range electron tunneling (P‐tunneling) and electronic caching effect of Au@SiO2 nanoparticles. The tunnel junction is made of shell‐insulated Au@SiO2 nanoparticle nanomembrane, in which SiO2 shells act as a tunable tunneling barrier, while the Au core not only support the plasmonic effect to enable P‐tunneling, but also act as electronic caches to render NDR responses. The NDR peak voltage and current can be programmably controlled by varying the thickness of SiO2 shell and the size of Au core to tune barrier level for electron transport. In addition, light induced plasmonic effect can be further managed to regulate the NDR behavior by fine‐tuning P‐tunneling. The phenomenon is exploited for robust use as memristors. The work provides a new mechanism for the generation of NDR effect and may open a way for the development of robust and new conceptual nanoelectronic devices.
Suitability of different tests for characterization of the dimpled concrete‐to‐concrete interface
Authors: Čairović Đorđe , de la Fuente Albert , Zlámal Martin , Venclovský Jakub , Girgle František , Januš Ondřej , Štěpánek Petr 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of different existing test setups for the mechanical characterization of a dimpled interface obtained by casting concrete against dimpled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) membrane. Even though this type of interface roughening is widely used, especially for monolithic connections between precast elements, to the best of the authors' knowledge there is no research providing any data regarding its roughness parameters, tension, and shear strength, nor its failure modes. To this end, a two‐fold objective was established for this research: (a) to identify and analyze, from a technical standpoint, the available test configurations for characterizing the mechanical performance of interfaces, and (b) to perform an extensive experimental program devoted to characterizing the mechanical performance of a dimpled HDPE membrane—cast concrete interface. The suitability of each test for reproducing the expected stress state and the actual resistance mechanism was analyzed. Moreover, a comparison between tension and shear tests, including its main advantages and disadvantaged are also presented.
TeraChem: A graphical processing unit‐accelerated electronic structure package for large‐scale ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Seritan Stefan , Bannwarth Christoph , Fales Bryan S. , Hohenstein Edward G. , Isborn Christine M. , Kokkila‐Schumacher Sara I. L. , Li Xin , Liu Fang , Luehr Nathan , Snyder James W. , Song Chenchen , Titov Alexey V. , Ufimtsev Ivan S. , Wang Lee‐Ping , Martínez Todd J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTeraChem was born in 2008 with the goal of providing fast on‐the‐fly electronic structure calculations to facilitate ab initio molecular dynamics studies of large biochemical systems such as photoswitchable proteins and multichromophoric antenna complexes. Originally developed for videogaming applications, graphics processing units (GPUs) offered a low‐cost parallel computer architecture that became more accessible for general‐purpose GPU computing with the release of CUDA in 2007. The evaluation of the electron repulsion integrals (ERIs) is a major bottleneck in electronic structure codes and provides an attractive target for acceleration on GPUs. Thus, highly efficient routines for evaluation of and contractions between the ERIs and density matrices were implemented in TeraChem. Electronic structure methods were developed and implemented to leverage these integral contraction routines, resulting in the first quantum chemistry package designed from the ground up for GPUs. This GPU acceleration makes TeraChem capable of performing large‐scale ground and excited state calculations in the gas and condensed phase. Today, TeraChem's speed forms the basis for a suite of quantum chemistry applications, including optimization and dynamics of proteins, automated and interactive chemical discovery tools, and large‐scale nonadiabatic dynamics simulations.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular modeling of organic redox‐active battery materials
Authors: Fornari Rocco Peter , de Silva Piotr 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganic redox‐active battery materials are an emerging alternative to their inorganic counterparts currently used in the commercialized battery technologies. The main advantages of organic batteries are the potential for low‐cost manufacturing, tunability of electrochemical properties through molecular engineering, and their environmental sustainability. The search for organic electroactive materials that could be used for energy storage in mobile and stationary applications is an active area of research. Computer simulations are used extensively to improve the understanding of the fundamental processes in the existing materials and to accelerate the discovery of new materials with improved performance. We will focus on two main types of redox‐active organic battery materials, that is, solid‐state organic electrode materials and organic electrolytes for redox flow batteries. Because organic materials are made of molecular building blocks, the molecular modeling methodology is usually the most appropriate to investigate their properties at the electronic and atomistic scales. After introducing the fundamentals of computational organic electrochemistry, we will survey its most recent applications in organic battery research and outline some of the remaining challenges for the development and applications of atomic‐scale modeling techniques in the organic battery context.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Software > Molecular Modeling
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
A review of approaches for water depth estimation with multispectral data
Authors: Shah Ankit , Deshmukh Benidhar , Sinha L.K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to give an exhaustive assessment of water depth estimation in shallow inland and coastal water environments with the assistance of optical remote detecting procedures, utilizing satellite/airborne multispectral information. Remote sensing has been used to map bathymetry for several decades. Inaccessibility, large‐scale depth mapping, very shallow areas, and cost constraint are some of the reasons why remote sensing technique is a boon for bathymetry. Researchers have come a long way since the remote sensing‐based bathymetry has been used. Fourfold increase in spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolution of sensors have also increased the accuracy. There are two types of remote sensing techniques; Active and Passive. Active remote sensing includes the use of ground penetrating radar and bathymetric lidar, which are expensive but precise surveys successful up to 70 m depth. On the other hand, passive remote sensing deals with water photogrammetry and radiometric methods done by capturing imagery with space borne/air borne platforms having depth penetration up to 25 m. The latter technique includes finding of a logarithmic relationship between river depth and image values. This technique is most widely used because of its cost effectiveness. In this paper, the emphasis has been given to derive bathymetric techniques using multispectral data as these methods have proved reasonably successful when water quality, bottom reflectance, and atmospheric effects are all invariant. At a specific area, the detection of possible changes in water flow and levels indicates flow path changes which can be used to predict potential surface level flooding for better water management and policy decisions.
Tropospheric Products from High-Level GNSS Processing in Latin America
Authors: Mackern María V. , Mateo María L. , Camisay María F. , Morichetti Paola V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present geodetic reference frame in Latin America and the Caribbean is given by a network of about 400 continuously operating GNSS stations. These stations are routinely processed by ten Analysis Centres following the guidelines and standards set up by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) and International GNSS Service (IGS). The Analysis Centres estimate daily and weekly station positions and station zenith tropospheric path delays (ZTD) with an hourly sampling rate. This contribution presents some attempts aiming at combining the individual ZTD estimations to generate consistent troposphere solutions over the entire region and to provide reliable time series of troposphere parameters, to be used as a reference. The study covers ZTD and IWV series for a time-span of 5 years (2014–2018). In addition to the combination of the individual solutions, some advances based on the precise point positioning technique using BNC software (BKG NTRIP Client) and Bernese GNSS Software V.5.2 are presented. Results are validated using the IGS ZTD products and radiosonde IWV data. The agreement was evaluated in terms of mean bias and rms of the ZTD differences w.r.t IGS products (mean bias −1.5 mm and mean rms 6.8 mm) and w.r.t ZTD from radiosonde data (mean bias −2 mm and mean rms 7.5 mm). IWV differences w.r.t radiosonde IWV data (mean bias 0.41 kg/m2 and mean rms 3.5 kg/m2).
“I Treat My Daughters Not Like My Mother Treated Me”: Migrant and Refugee Women’s Constructions and Experiences of Menarche and Menstruation
Authors: Hawkey Alexandra J. , Ussher Jane M. , Perz Janette 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHawkey, Ussher, and Perz bring attention to the constructions and experiences of menarche and menstruation from the perspective of migrant and refugee women resettled in Australia and Canada. The authors describe how the positioning of menstruation as shameful, polluting, and something to be concealed has implications for girls’ and women’s embodied experiences, as well as for their level of knowledge about menstruation at menarche. They demonstrate how migrant and refugee women variably adopted, adapted, and questioned cultural practices and how this impacted their engagement with their daughters, showing women’s negotiation or navigation of differing cultural contexts following migration. By identifying the women’s experiences, the authors highlight details that are essential to deliver culturally appropriate medical practice, health promotion, and health education.
Resisting the Mantle of the Monstrous Feminine: Women’s Construction and Experience of Premenstrual Embodiment
Authors: Ussher Jane M. , Perz Janette 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter uses a feminist material-discursive theoretical framework to examine how women adopt the subject position of ‘monstrous feminine’ via the role of premenstrual embodiment. In this examination, Ussher and Perz draw on interviews they conducted with women who self-diagnose as ‘PMS sufferers.’ They theorize that this self-positioning is subjectification, wherein women take up cultural discourse regarding idealized femininity and the stigmatized fat body; according to the authors, this results in distress, self-objectification, and self-condemnation. However, they argue that women can reduce premenstrual distress and resist negative cultural constructions of premenstrual embodiment and fat bodies through women-centered psychological therapy, which increases awareness of embodied change and leads to greater self-care and acceptance of the premenstrual body.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and the Myth of the Irrational Female
Authors: King Sally 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKing’s chapter begins by describing the historical context of ‘premenstrual’ symptoms, which were first formally described in 1931. She then questions the prioritization of mood-based symptoms in the diagnostic criteria for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). King argues that population studies suggest that mood-based symptoms are not the most common nor most disruptive of menstrual changes. She then proposes that the trend of ‘psychologizing’ premenstrual symptoms is influenced by the sexist historical assumption of ‘the myth of the irrational female’—the idea that women, due to their reproductive biology, arepathologicallyemotional and thus have a reduced capacity for reason. The author concludes by calling for a more integrated and rigorous approach to PMS definitions and research to support people who experience cyclical symptoms, without unintentionally pathologizing the menstrual cycle or stigmatizing an entire gender.
Becoming Female: The Role of Menarche Rituals in “Making Women” in Malawi
Authors: Perianes Milena Bacalja , Ndaferankhande Dalitso 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter uses qualitative research methods to explore the role that menarche rituals play in making women in Malawi—specifically, the role that ritual and practice play in facilitating the integration of girls into social structures and in providing a means of codifying female behavior. Bacalja Perianes and Ndaferankhande read these rituals through an African ontological position to move beyond understanding African women’s subjectivity through the lens of oppression and gender-based hierarchies. By situating menstruation in local epistemologies, Bacalja Perianes and Ndaferankhande demonstrate how gender can be understood at a personal level, through the collective and relational experience of menstruation in Malawi. Findings from the research suggest that within Malawi, to be female is collectively ascribed, and individually understood, through the active and intelligible performance of menarche rituals and consequent menstrual practices. It is through such traditions, Bacalja Perianes and Ndaferankhande show, that women are “made,” with their newly ascribed gender imbuing them with a locus of power within their communities.
Practice Note: Why We Started Talking About Menstruation—Looking Back (and Looking Forward) with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation
Authors: Roaf Virginia , de Albuquerque Catarina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this conversation, Catarina de Albuquerque, former UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights to water and sanitation, and her former advisor, Virginia Roaf, discuss how menstrual health and menstruation have become critical to understanding the contribution that the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector can make to ensuring gender equality. They look back at country missions and the many conversations with women and girls that led to a closer examination of how stigma around menstruation limits access to education, work, and a life in dignity. WASH provides a strong entry point for addressing taboos relating to menstruation, but the authors identify that one must get past this often technical understanding to address deeply entrenched gender stereotypes.
Addressing Menstruation in the Workplace: The Menstrual Leave Debate
Authors: Levitt Rachel B. , Barnack-Tavlaris Jessica L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLevitt and Barnack-Tavlaris discuss the idea of menstrual leave, a policy option that provides employees with time off during menstruation. They counter the paucity of research surrounding the impacts of such policies on menstruators and the locations offering leave. Levitt and Barnack-Tavlaris argue that without addressing underlying sexist beliefs and attitudes as well as gender discrimination, menstrual leave could have negative effects on menstruators. The authors augment this research with findings from their previous study, which examines attitudes toward and perceptions of menstrual leave. Against this background, the chapter concludes with a discussion of alternative approaches to menstrual leave.
Opinion: Prisons that Withhold Menstrual Pads Humiliate Women and Violate Basic Rights
Authors: Bozelko Chandra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this personal narrative, Bozelko shares her experience of being without adequate menstrual supplies while incarcerated. She describes the atmosphere of privation, including the shame and humiliation of staining her clothes and having to ask for tampons and pads from male guards. Bozelko argues that the issue is not a shortage of materials but the power differential between guards and inmates. Guards preventing women from accessing menstrual materials is both unnecessarily degrading and a human rights violation.