bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships of Leptolaimus de Man, 1876 (Plectida: Leptolaimidae) with description of two new species from the Persian Gulf, Iran
Authors: Gharahkhani Azadeh , Pourjam Ebrahim , Holovachov Oleksandr , Pedram Majid 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Members of the family Leptolaimidae are reported for the first time from Iran with description of two new species of Leptolaimus from the Persian Gulf in the south of the country. Leptolaimus hormozganensis sp. n. is described based upon three populations. It differs from other Leptolaimus species in the position of the pharyngeal supplement and the number of precloacal tubular supplements and has a single sickle-shaped tubular pharyngeal supplement at mid-pharynx level in both sexes, 9-12 male precloacal supplements and one female preanal supplement. Leptolaimus dimorphus sp. n. is characterised by the presence of a pharyngeal tubular supplement only in some adults, one female preanal supplement and four male precloacal supplements. It differs from other species in that the pharyngeal supplement is only present in some specimens, presence of four male precloacal supplements, tail 50-59 μm long and ventrosublateral position of vulva on either the right or left side of the body. Near full length SSU rDNA sequences are provided for L. hormozganensis sp. n. and two different males (one with, and one without, a pharyngeal supplement) of L. dimorphus sp. n. COI sequences for three populations of L. hormozganensis sp. n. from different regions of the Persian Gulf are also obtained. New sequences of two Leptolaimus species formed a clade with other sequenced Leptolaimus spp. and representatives of two genera of Leptolaimidae, i.e., Aphanolaimus and Paraplectonema in a phylogeny based on SSU rDNA gene with 1.00/81 Bayesian posterior probability/maximum likelihood bootstrap (BPP/BS) values. Molecular phylogeny confirmed the synonymy of Leptolaimus and Halaphanolaimus that was formerly proposed based only on morphology. Based on SSU sequences and morphological characters, the presence of a pharyngeal supplement may not be a species-specific character and should not be used to differentiate genera.
Hannah Arendt and Philosophical Influence
Authors: Fry Karin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Over the years, many scholars have focused on the hierarchical and overpowering influence of Martin Heidegger upon Hannah Arendt’s thought. This view follows the stereotype concerning philosophical influence in which an all-knowing teacher affects the thought of the student, particularly if the student is a woman. In this paper, I argue that the story of philosophical influence is more complicated. In this case, the biographical archive establishes how Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger, and Hannah Arendt mutually influenced one another throughout their lives and careers. This evidence contests the typical view of philosophical influence which is hierarchical and often gendered and suggests a new model for understanding philosophical influences as dynamic and reciprocal.
Labor as Action: the Human Condition in the Anthropocene
Authors: Hyvönen Ari-Elmeri 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Anthropocene has become an umbrella term for the disastrous transgression of ecological safety boundaries by human societies. The impact of this new reality is yet to be fully registered by political theorists. In an attempt to recalibrate the categories of political thought, this article brings Hannah Arendt’s framework of The Human Condition (labor, work, action) into the gravitational pull of the Anthropocene and current knowledge about the Earth System. It elaborates the historical emergence of our capacity to “act in the mode of laboring” during fossil-fueled capitalist modernity, a form of agency relating to our collectively organized laboring processes reminiscent of the capacity of modern sciences to “act into nature” discussed by Arendt. I argue that once read from an energy/ecology-centric perspective, The Human Condition can help us make sense of the Anthropocene predicament, and rethink the modes of collectively organizing the activities of labor, work, and action.
Body and Place as the Noetic-Noematic Structure of Geographical Experience
Authors: Schmidt Stefan W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I use Husserl’s phenomenological analyses of noesis and noema to investigate the connection between experience and place, a relation which I call “geographical experience,” using a term coined by Edward Relph. Following the correlative structure of lived experience, geographical experience is enabled by the lived body as the noetic part and place as the respective noematic part. Both parts belong together necessarily. However, in this experiential field, distortions and an eluding aspect of place appear in the relationship between body and place. These distortions point to an aspect of geographical experience that cannot be fully grasped by the noetic-noematic structure of experience. They indicate that the reality of place is not completely constituted by this correlative structure but nevertheless becomes apparent in and through it.
What Fueled the Far-Reaching Impact of the Windhoek Declaration and Namibia Plan of Action as a Milestone for Gender Mainstreaming in UN Peace Support Operations and Where Is Implementation 20 Years Later?
Authors: Lahoud Nina J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Acknowledging that progress in gender mainstreaming was woefully deficient, the United Nations (UN) Department of Peacekeeping Operations organized a May 2000 Seminar in Windhoek on “Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective in Multidimensional Peace Support Operations”, hosted by the Namibian Government, which produced two ground-breaking outcome documents that had an enormous impact on the adoption of landmark UN Security Council resolution 1325 on “Women and peace and security” five months later. Through the lens of the author’s first-hand account, the article unpacks and scrutinizes the ways in which the Seminar’s visionary Windhoek Declaration and the more operational Namibia Plan of Action came into being and had such a critical impact on that milestone resolution, and what specific factors ignited this exceptional outcome, including the role played by the host country. Through this prism, three key factors and the infectious effect of each are described, providing insights into the evolving Seminar dynamics and the interplay of inspiring speakers, Working Group deliberations, and strategic plenary sessions. The article also highlights, however, that the promises of the Windhoek Declaration, Namibia Plan of Action, and resolution 1325 have still not been fulfilled twenty years later, even though the hopes of conflict-affected women had been re-ignited in 2015 with Security Council resolution 2242’s sweeping calls for action and a stark Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 presenting robust recommendations for action to fill the many gaps. As the 20th anniversary of resolution 1325 approaches, a rallying cry of hope is directed to all those who believe in the need for women to be fully involved as equal partners in all peace and security processes that this struggle can still be accelerated to achieve the results envisaged if top UN leadership spearheads a bold time-bound initiative to steer the course forward. But will this rallying cry be embraced?
Green product awareness has the potential to promote green consumer behaviour: Evidence from Kuala-Lumpur
Authors: Ogiemwonyi Osarodion , Harun Amran Bin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Awareness can influence consumer judgment while making a decision, and thus can help to restore a positive image in the marketplace. The present study was based on 262 green consumer samples, considering awareness as a direct antecedent for green consumer behaviour, and treating the role of attitude as an intermediary construct. Notably, empirical findings for this link are inconsistent. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLSv3.0 was applied to analyze the data, while examining nine hypotheses. Despite discrepancies reported in past studies and although awareness was constantly essential but not sufficient for green behaviour, both green product awareness and green consumer behaviour were empirically significant. The study also confirmed the Attitude-Behaviour-Context (ABC) theory developed to interpret green behaviour on contextual variables, which were all empirically significant. Green attitude mediated the relationship between awareness and green behaviour. But it showed no path to the relationship between green value, green trust and green behaviour when examining indirect effects. This study provides new insights into the potential strategy that could be used to improve positive green behaviour. These findings can help policymaker formulate strategies to promote green behaviour in a circular economy like Malaysia.
Transcriptome analysis of genes related to cadmium absorption and transportation in pepper
Authors: Wang Riyong , Dai Xiongze , Lv Junheng , Zhang Zhuqing , Ou Lijun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become a serious global problem in soil contamination. Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental toxic pollutant to plants, which can greatly affect their growth and development, or even lead to their death. In the present study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify the regulators and pathways that were involved in Cd absorption and transportation in the roots, leaves and fruits of wild-type and mutant pepper plants. A total of 883,591,943 million reads were mapped to the reference genome, and 33,927 genes were identified. Sample reads and the reference genome alignment efficiency were between 78.99% to 84.57%. Finally, 798 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the roots, leaves and fruits of the mutant and wild-type plants, including 80 up-regulated DEGs and 718 down-regulated DEGs. The DGEs were mostly related to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. In addition, some vital DEGs were identified in absorption/transportation-related pathways, such as ABC transporter and P-type ATPase. The results revealed that several genes were related to the regulation of Cd absorption and transportation. Collectively, our findings provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of Cd absorption and transportation in pepper.
Early Chemoprophylaxis in Severely Injured Trauma Patients Reduces Risk of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Hecht Jason P. , Han Emily J. , Brandt Mary-Margaret , Wahl Wendy L. 
Published: July 2020

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a serious complication for trauma patients. While early VTE prophylaxis has gained traction, the timing of prophylaxis remains uncertain. We hypothesized that VTE prophylaxis within 24 hours of admission would have lower VTE rates and similar rates of adverse events in seriously injured patients. Methods Trauma patients were included from 32 American College of Surgeons verified Level 1 and 2 trauma centers over a 10-year period. Patients with injury severity score (ISS) <15, death or discharge within 48 hours of arrival, or who received no prophylaxis were excluded. Results 14 096 patients received VTE prophylaxis with an ISS of ≥15. Patients given prophylaxis at <24 hours had fewer VTE events and trended toward fewer serious in-hospital complications. Mortality and return to the operating room were similar across groups. Hospital and intensive care unit length of stay in the <24 hours prophylaxis group was significantly shorter when VTE prophylaxis was initiated earlier. Conclusions In severely injured trauma patients with ISS >15, early VTE prophylaxis within 24 hours significantly reduced the risk of VTE as compared with delayed prophylaxis. Early chemoprophylaxis was found to be efficacious in reducing the incidence of VTE; however, the safety of this practice should be evaluated by future prospective studies.
Increasing the cost of participation: red tape and public officials’ attitudes toward public participation
Authors: Migchelbrink Koen , Van de Walle Steven 
Published: July 2020

Red tape is seen as a destructive organizational force that reduces public officials’ motivation and curtails organizational performance. By increasing the time, cost, and effort required to inform the public and coordinate participation, red tape has also been said to reduce public officials’ positive attitudes toward public participation. However, research on the effects of red tape on public officials’ attitudes toward public participation remains inconclusive. This study examines how the lack of functionality and compliance burden of rules affect public officials’ attitudes toward public participation. Using cross-sectional survey data of n = 862 municipal public officials and a structural equation modeling approach, this study finds that public officials’ perceptions of the lack of functionality of rules are positively associated with attitudes toward public participation, and that perceptions of the compliance burden of rules are negatively associated with attitudes toward public participation. Points for practitioners • Red tape affects public officials’ attitudes toward public participation. • The compliance burden of rules is negatively associated with public officials’ attitudes toward public participation. • The perceived lack of functionality of rules is positively associated with public officials’ attitudes toward public participation. • The effects of red tape are multifaceted and should be examined from a multidimensional point of view.
Standardized loop technique for mitral valve repair offers good midterm results
Authors: Hysi Ilir , Gautier Laurence , Rebet Olivier , Carjaliu Ionut , Radutoiu Mihai , Fabre Olivier 
Published: July 2020

Background We reviewed the midterm results of our approach for mitral valve repair with the use of standardized loops. Methods In a retrospective single-center study, mitral repairs performed between November 2015 and December 2019 with the standardized loop technique were included. Predefined loops of 15 and 25 mm (Gore-Tex) were implanted for posterior or anterior mitral prolapses, respectively. Isolated or concomitant mitral repairs were performed by either a sternotomy or minithoracotomy. Mean follow-up was 25.3 ± 14.7 months. Results Among 92 patients operated on for mitral repair during this period, 65 had repair with the standardized loop technique. They were mostly men (73.8%) and the mean age was 65.1 ± 9.7 years. Valve prolapse was mainly posterior (87.7%), and cordal rupture was seen in 81.5% of cases. The procedures were carried out by a minithoracotomy in 49.2% of patients. Isolated mitral repairs represented 63.1% of cases. Crossclamp and bypass times were 102 ± 22.8 min and 144.7 ± 34.9 min, respectively. The mean number of loops implanted was 2.7 ± 0.9. No patient left the operating room with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation. Postoperative morbidity was 18.4% (12 patients) and 30-day mortality was 3.1% (2 patients). Overall 4-year survival and freedom from reoperation for mitral repair failure were 84.4% and 91.7%, respectively. Conclusions The standardized loop technique for mitral repair showed good midterm results. This technique can be valuable in the armamentarium of mitral repairs. Further evaluation is needed for long-term follow-up.
Impact of nonsurgical spinal decompression on paraspinal muscle morphology and mechanical properties in young adults with low back pain
Authors: Lo Wai Leung Ambrose , Lei Di , Leng Yan , Huang Huanjie , Wang Biru , Yu Qiuhua , Li Le 
Published: July 2020

Objective The mechanism underlying the benefit of nonsurgical spinal decompression (NSSD) on low back pain is unclear. This study was performed to investigate the immediate impact of NSSD on the mechanical properties and morphology of the paraspinal muscles. Methods Participants with low back pain were recruited. NSSD therapy was provided on one occasion. A myotonometer was placed perpendicularly on the skin surface over the paraspinal muscle at the level of L3/L4 to measure the mechanical muscle properties. The multifidus thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasound and defined as the distance between the transverse process and subcutaneous tissue fascia. The difference between before and after NSSD was analyzed by a paired t-test. Results Thirty participants (mean age, 20.9 ± 0.8 years; 9 male, 21 female) were recruited. No significant difference was observed in the muscle mechanical properties or morphology between before and after the intervention. Conclusions NSSD intervention did not induce immediate changes in the paraspinal muscle mechanical properties or multifidus thickness in young adults with low back pain. NSSD might produce benefits by stimulating mechanical receptors rather than inducing morphological changes or mechanical property alterations of the muscle fibers. These parameters may not be suitable outcome measures for NSSD intervention.
A meta-analysis of the local application of vancomycin powder to prevent surgical site infection after spinal surgeries
Authors: Shan Shuo , Tu Laiyong , Gu Wenfei , Aikenmu Kahaer , Zhao Jiang 
Published: July 2020

Objective This study aimed to systematically analyze the effectiveness and safety of the local application of vancomycin powder to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) after spinal surgeries and provide guidance for clinical practice. Methods Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure using the MeSH terms “spinal surgery,” “vancomycin,” “local,” “topical,” “prophylactic,” “surgical site infection,” and “SSI” to identify studies published between January 2010 and January 2020 on the local application of vancomycin powder for preventing SSI after spinal surgeries. The outcome assessment indicators were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Three randomized controlled trials, two prospective studies, and 26 retrospective studies were included in the current research. The results of the meta-analysis revealed significant differences between the vancomycin and control groups (non-vancomycin group) concerning the incidence of SSI (risk ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.28–0.55, Z = 5.46), indicating that local application of vancomycin powder can significantly reduce the incidence of SSI. Conclusion Local application of vancomycin powder is an effective and safe method to prevent SSI after spinal surgeries.
Very young age of onset in trigemino-autonomic cephalalgias – case report and review of the literature
Authors: Evers Stefan , Summ Oliver , Frese Achim 
Published: July 2020

Background Trigemino-autonomic cephalalgias are very rare disorders and even rarer in children and adolescents. We report the onset of paroxysmal hemicrania in a very young girl and reviewed the scientific literature for similar cases. Findings We describe the case of a 1.6-year-old girl with left-sided headache attacks fulfilling the criteria of paroxysmal hemicrania including prompt responsiveness to indomethacin. In addition, we detected at least two children for every trigemino-autonomic cephalalgias subtype with an age of under 7 years at the onset of the trigemino-autonomic cephalalgias. Remarkable features were a vast majority of chronic course from onset on and left-sided attacks. Conclusion Although very rare, trigemino-autonomic cephalalgias can occur even in very young children under the age of 6 years. This should be known in neuropaediatrics.
Use of Ultrasound to Determine Changes in Diaphragm Mechanics During A Spontaneous Breathing Trial
Authors: Whebell Stephen , Sane Sunil , Naidu Sumant , White Hayden 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Assess change in ultrasound measures of diaphragm mechanics over the course of a 30-minute spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Single intensive care unit (Logan Hospital, Queensland, Australia), patients recruited from August 2016 to April 2018. Participants: Eligible patients were over the age of 18 years, ventilated for >24 hours, and planned to undergo an SBT. In total, 129 patients were screened. Main outcome measures: Ultrasound measures taken at 5 and 30 minutes during SBT: diaphragmatic excursion (DE), diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF), and diaphragmatic contraction speed (DCS). Diaphragmatic rapid shallow breathing index (DRSBI) was calculated using DE/respiratory rate. The presence of diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) was also determined using DTF < 30%, DE < 11 mm, or DRSBI > 1.6. Results: Eighteen patients had ultrasound measures during an SBT. Four were unable to have DTF visualized. There was no significant change in DTF (n = 14, 32.41 ± 32.21 vs 23.19 ± 17.42, P = .33) or DE (n = 18, 1.72 ± 0.63 vs 1.66 ± 0.59, P = .63) over time. Diaphragmatic contraction speed increased over time (n = 18, 2.21 ± 1.25 vs 2.67 ± 1.61, P = .007). Diaphragmatic rapid shallow breathing index worsened over time (n = 18, 1.65 ± 1.02 vs 2.08 ± 1.51, P = .03). There was no significant change in the presence of DD. Diaphragmatic dysfunction by DTF 8/14 versus 10/14, by DE 4/18 versus 3/18, and by DRSBI 7/18 versus 9/18. No patients failed SBT and one patient failed extubation. Conclusions: Diaphragmatic mechanics may change over the course of an SBT. Further research is required to determine the clinical implications of these changes and the optimal timing of diaphragmatic ultrasound to predict weaning outcome. Diaphragmatic ultrasound may be less feasible than the published data suggest.
Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Amputees
Authors: Elbarbry Fawzy , Nguyen Van , Kawaguchi-Suzuki Marina 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review the currently available assessment tools for measuring renal function, body weight, and body surface area in the amputee population. Methods: PubMed and Web of Science were searched using the following key terms: amputation, dose adjustment, and estimation of body weight. Articles published in languages other than English were excluded from the search. Results: Despite the increasing prevalence of amputations, there is little literature available that discusses its impact on the patient and how these physiological changes can affect pharmacokinetics. Very little information is available to guide dose adjustment in this patient population. This article discusses several factors to consider when determining optimum dosing regimens in patients with different levels of amputations. Conclusion: This article will evaluate the applicability of methods mentioned in existing literature for measuring changes in renal function, body weight, and body surface area in amputees.