bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination agent antibiogram of common antimicrobial classes viz &beta;-lactam drugs, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and folate antagonist for major gram-negative pathogens—an innovative approach to assist appropriate empirical decisions
Authors: D Sarumathi , Priyadarshi Ketan , Punnen Stessy Ann , A Benedict Vinothini , S Bharathikumar , Sastry Apurba S 
Published: December 2024

Prescribers have a tendency to empirically start on combination antimicrobial regimens instead of monotherapy in scenarios such as hemodynamically unstable or critically sick patients. However, most of these choices are based on their own experience and not evidence based. In our study, we have developed combination agent antibiogram for major gram-negative pathogens to assist appropriate empirical decisions. During the period January-December, 2023, susceptibility data of blood culture isolates were collated to develop combination antibiogram using the standard CLSI M39 guideline for five major gram-negative pathogens—, , , complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The individual susceptibility profiles of the five gram-negative organisms and their aggregate was used generate antibiogram. The combination regimens chosen for developing combination antibiogram comprised of agents belonging to two different antimicrobial classes- β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides or folate antagonist. The S% to combination agents was calculated as percentage of isolates susceptible to either of the antimicrobial agents.Results: Many combination regimens were found to demonstrate statistically significant improvement in susceptibility (S)% compared to the that of individual antimicrobial agent for and gram-negative bacilli level, to some extent for , but such finding was not observed for , or E. cloacae.Combination agent antibiogram for empirical choice is an excellent tool to provide evidence-based recommendations on selecting correct combination of antimicrobial agents as empirical choices. Every healthcare facility should prepare combination agent Antibiogram for the most commonly used antimicrobial combination regimens after discussion with the prescribers.
Molecular docking studies of phytocompounds of Coccinia grandis to inhibit antimicrobial-resistant pathogens of head and neck infection
Authors: Dubey Debasmita , Lenka Smarita , Pattanaik Animesh , Swain Santosh Kumar , Tripathy Subrat Kumar 
Published: December 2024

: Multidrug resistance is becoming a global concern as the new generations of antimicrobials are showing resistance to pathogens. Therefore, alternative treatment of multidrug resistance with natural products is very much necessary to combat this worldwide problem. This study involved the in-silico approach of finding the antimicrobial potent phytocompounds of the plant against the multidrug-resistant pathogens of head and neck infection.(OP889672), (OP889575), and (OR345133) were the isolated microorganisms from head and neck infections. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these strains was performed through the Vitek 2 procedure. To perform the molecular docking analysis, ligands (phytocompounds) were retrieved from PubChem, and the 3D structure of target proteins was retrieved from the SWISS Model. Then to know the binding affinities of the phytocompounds of molecular docking was performed with the target proteins.The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the three strains revealed most of the antimicrobials are resistant to their respective pathogens.The molecular docking analysis found that γ-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, and β-Amyrin, had the highest binding affinities with the target proteins followed by Lupeol.The phytocompounds of have the potency to inhibit multidrug resistance pathogens of head and neck infection and could be utilized further as therapeutic agents.
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and ESBL resistance genotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from patients presenting with urinary tract infections at Mama Lucy Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Muhimpundu Liliane , Mabeya Sepha , Mwaniki John Njeru , Miringu Gabriel , Ngugi Caroline 
Published: December 2024

: Multidrug -resistance in has increased rapidly and present a global public health challenge. This challenge has resulted from the Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers rendering most of beta-lactam antibiotics ineffective posing a therapeutic threat. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and ESBL specific resistant genes in isolated from urinary tract-infected patients at Mama Lucy Hospital. : A cross-sectional study was conducted among consenting 400 suspected urinary tract infected patients visiting Mama Lucy hospital, Kenya. Midstream urine samples were collected, cultured,identified and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns determined using the disc diffusion method and ESBL production detected using double disc synergy test. The ESBL positive phenotypes were then confirmed by PCR targeting four beta-lactamase SHV, TEM, CTX-M and OXA genes. : A total of 400 participants were found to have UTIs. The females’ participants were 77.25% while males were 22.75%. The majority participants were between 30-35 years of age (33.5%). Out of the total 400 participants, accounted for 40 (19.41%) out of which 30 (75%) were confirmed ESBL positive. High resistance was observed against Ampicillin (84.37%), while 40.62% showed an equal resistance to Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime and Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with 37.50%. Chloramphenicol 96.87%, and Nitrofurantoin 90.62% were effective to isolates. None of the isolates showed resistance to Imipenem. The TEM (66.66%) was the most prevalent ESBL gene detected, SHV at 60%, CTX-M at 40% and the least was OXA at 3.33%. : The high prevalence of , and high trends of ESBL resistance genes were observed. The routine laboratory testing for ESBL phenotypic and molecular methods is recommeded to optimize antibiotic management and reduce the risk of spread of infections caused by ESBL producers.
Utility of immunohistochemistry with CK7 and CK20 in metastatic carcinoma
Authors: Mular Shraddha Shankarrao , Mani N. S , Bharadwaj Reena 
Published: December 2024

: Carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP) is a diverse group of cancers that is defined by the presence of metastatic disease with no identified primary tumor at initial presentation. Simple epithelium of the various organs is the most common source of the cancer. These carcinomas usually metastasize to lymph nodes and various other organs. Diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin can be challenging and also critical for clinical and therapeutic decisions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using CK7 and CK20 is an essential ancillary tool for the identification and the differential diagnosis of carcinomas of epithelial origin especially of undetermined primary. In this study we have aimed to evaluate the utility of immunohistochemistry by using CK7 and CK20 antibodies to identify the primary site in metastatic carcinoma.: This study included 70 histopathological cases with metastatic carcinoma received in Pathology laboratory in Bharati hospital over a period of two year. Metastatic carcinoma confirmed by histopathology examination and IHC using CK7 and CK20 was performed.: Total 70 cases examined for utility of CK7 and CK20 in metastatic carcinoma in various organs. Most common specimen was liver with metastatic carcinoma. Algorithmic IHC examination of CK7 and CK20 was done which showed CK7+CK20- pattern was the common pattern followed by CK7-CK20+. All cases of metastatic carcinoma lung, breast and thyroid followed CK7+CK20- pattern, 90% cases of colon carcinoma followed CK7-CK20+ pattern. However, Ovary, pancreas and gallbladder showed CK7+CK20- and CK7+CK20 pattern of expression. CK7-CK20- pattern was seen in cervical carcinoma, renal cases.: The study suggested that the combination of CK7 and CK20 was helpful in suggesting the likely primary site of malignancy.
Expression of ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 in gastric carcinoma and their clinicopathological significance: an observational study in a tertiary care cancer hospital
Authors: Banerjee Raya , Hajra Srabanti , Chakrabarti Jayanta , Nasare Vilas D , Ghosh Sushmita 
Published: December 2024

Stomach cancer was ranked fifth in incidence and also fifth rank in mortality globally in 2022. It was seventh most common cancer in India. Studies have shown that ERK/MAPK pathways regulate cellular motility in both neoplastic and normal gastric epithelial cells and are involved in cell migration and invasiveness. Aberrant Bcl-2 is expressed in a sequential manner in gastric carcinogenesis. This study aims to evaluate the association between the clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma and ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 expression in Eastern Indian Population. The study included 63 surgically resected tumour samples of patients with gastric carcinoma between 2021 and 2023. Processing of tissues was done for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry with ERK1/2 and Bcl-2. Data was analysed and P values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Sixty-one out of sixty-three cases of gastric carcinoma showed ERK1/2 expression on immunohistochemistry (96.8%) in the carcinoma cells. ERK1/2 expression was significantly associated with patient gender, ≥5cm tumour size, Borrmann type II tumours, Diffuse type, histological type, Grade III tumours, Lymphovascular invasion, advanced T stage, advanced N stage and a higher AJCC prognostic stage. Forty-six out of sixty-three cases of gastric carcinoma showed Bcl-2 expression (73%) in the carcinoma cells. There was a significant association of Bcl-2 expression with patient gender, ≥5cm tumour size, Borrmann type II tumours, Intestinal type, histological type of tumours, Grade II tumours, Lymphovascular invasion, advanced T stage, advanced N stage and a higher AJCC prognostic stage. Higher expressions of ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 were seen in higher tumour grade and higher AJCC prognostic stage pointing towards a prognostic significance of these markers in gastric carcinoma.
A case report of hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Gohil Mamta Dhirubhai , Bambhaniya Divya , Rana Neema Ankur , Shah Hiral Samir 
Published: December 2024

Hairy cell leukemia is a rare chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of mature B lymphocytes. Flowcytometry is necessary to arrive at correct diagnosis. It is important to differentiate HCL from other chronic B cell lymphoproliferative disorders because of the different treatment protocol and indolent course. We report a case of 48 years old male presenting with a chief complaints of fever, generalized weakness, fatigue, decrease appetite, and abdominal heaviness. Peripheral smear examination findings combined with bone marrow and flowcytometry confirmed the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia. Hairy cell leukemia is a very rare leukemia and immunophenotypic findings are crucial to confirm the diagnosis.
AI-Driven Risk Assessment Model for Financial Fraud Detection: a Data Science Perspective
Authors: Kalluri Kartheek 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Financial fraud remains a stubborn foe of global economies, as traditional detection systems are slow to evolve with fraudsters’ rapid exploitation of adaptive strategies. This research examines the transformative nature of an AI-driven risk assessment model created to disrupt the way fraud detection is experienced. This paper evaluates the model’s effectiveness, scalability and adaptability in terms of application across a variety of financial institutions using a robust experimental framework, advanced analytical methods and rigorous statistical modeling. Key findings show that the AI model achieved a next generation fraud detection accuracy of 98.7%, out facilitating standard methods such as (75–85). The system achieved exceptional precision (reduced false positives to 96.3%) and was able to process more than 5 million transactions per second in order to detect them in real-time. It also uncovered complex fraud patterns including micro-transactions schemes and surged seamlessly to accommodate different transaction profiles in financial ecosystems. Challenges remain even with its success, including training data bias, and improving the robustness against changing fraud tactics. Fairness and resilience are at the center of ethical considerations to maintain their fairness. In this study, it is shown that AI has great potential to change financial fraud prevention by providing a secure, scalable and adaptive solution. The aim of future research is to integrate real time data to mitigate bias and to defend against data adversaries to promote the use of AI in building a fraud resistant global financial system.
Comparative analysis of practices and outcomes of metabolic and bariatric surgery between Mexico and Latin America: results of a pilot registry
Authors: Sánchez Hugo A. , Velázquez-Fernández David , Herrera Miguel F. , Zerrweck Carlos , Campos Francisco , Zapata Miguel , Guilbert Lizbeth , Pantoja Juan Pablo , Sierra Mauricio , González Israel , Romero Gilberto 
Published: December 2024

Aim: The interest in metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) registries has increased globally. In 2014, a pilot initiative of a multi-institutional collaboration named “LATAM CQI” started in Latin America (LATAM). The aim of the present study is to analyze the results of the 5-year Mexican experience compared to the LATAM data.
Methods: Data were divided into two groups: the Mexican institutions (3,344 patients) and the rest of the hospitals included in the LATAM registry (10,383 patients). Demography, somatometry variables, comorbid conditions, surgical procedures, complications, and outcomes in terms of weight loss and evolution of the comorbid conditions were comparatively analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied based on the original scaling of every included variable. Any P -value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant for two-tailed hypothesis testing.
Results: Mean age and mean body mass index (BMI) were very similar between groups. The most common comorbid condition was high blood pressure (HBP), followed by Type 2 diabetes (T2D). In Mexico, the most frequently performed surgical procedure was the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (69%), followed by sleeve gastrectomy (SG) (23.5%). In LATAM, the most common surgical procedure was SG (57.4%). The RYGB was performed in 40.2% of patients. Complications at 30 and 90 days were 6% and 2%, respectively, in Mexico and 4% and 2% in LATAM. The comparative analysis of weight loss divided by surgical procedure was very similar.
Conclusion: Our analysis supports the value of registries as a valuable tool to compare practices and outcomes.
Orthofix Pertrochanteric Fixator: A Better Treatment for Intertrochanteric Fractures in High-Risk Elderly Patients
Authors: Cao Bo , Wei Renqian Wei , Li Yi , Mo Sizhan , Liang Huajie , Tan Xiaobo , Cao Bo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background Although the Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) is currently considered to be one of the preferred treatment methods for intertrochanteric fractures. the external fixation method can provide similar clinical results. The external fixation is also more minimally invasive such as Orthofix Pertrochanteric Fixator (OPF). We expect that the use of the Orthofix Pertrochanteric Fixator (OPF) will reduce the incidence of complications. We have applied a clinical trial to compare the effectiveness and the Complications of the two surgical methods for in the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures.
Methods 243 elderly patients with high-risk comorbidities were diagnosed as intertrochanteric fractures, which attributed to the low energy injuries like sliping and falling down at home. The patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the method of internal fixation. 103 patients in group A were applied with OPF, 140 patients in group B were treated with PFNA.
Results The OPF is a reasonable treatment for the elderly patients ,who are co-morbid with other high-risk diseases. No significant difference between the two groups in terms of quality of fracture repositioning and Harris scores(HHS). The PFNA operation time (14.41±2.10) was longer than OPF group (14.41±2.10), (p<0.05). 107 patients in PFNA group got postoperative blood transfusion, but none in OPF group. The average length of staying at hospital in group A and B were (4.10±0.82) days and (5.63±0.83) days. 9 patients with failed PFNA fixations patients got the satisfactory recovery following bed rest. There were 4 deaths in group A, 3 coronary artery disease cases and 1 cerebral infarction cases during hospitalization, and 15 deaths in group B. 9 cases of pin-tract infection occurred in group A. Group A healing time of fractures (14.50±1.09) was longer than group A (12.84±1.17). There is amost no diffifence in postoperative complication between group A and B.
Conclusion The OPF is an effective fixation for high-risk elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures. It is notably simple to perform, with less bleeding, minimal radiation exposure, a much lower complication rate, a shorter hospital stay and satisfactory functional recovery.
Evidence level Therapeutic study grade III
Dysregulation of STS in keratinocytes promotes calcium signaling and hyperkeratinization: Insights into the mechanisms underlying X-linked ichthyosis
Authors: Kwon Tae-Uk , Kwon Yeo-Jung , Park Hyemin , Kang Yoon-ji , Chun Young-Jin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Steroid sulfatase (STS) is a key enzyme for the desulfation of steroid sulfates, converting them into their biologically active forms. Notably, X-linked ichthyosis (XLI), a genetic disorder characterized by hyperkeratinization, arises as a direct result of STS deficiency. Keratinocyte differentiation is essential for proper keratinization. In this study, gene ontology analysis from STS-deficient mice revealed enhanced differentiation and upregulation of calcium-related signaling. Calcium plays a key role in regulating keratinocyte differentiation, with STS-deficient cells showing a marked increase in intracellular calcium influx. Additionally, these cells significantly upregulated calcium-sensing receptors (CasR), leading to elevated tyrosine phosphorylation, increased differentiation signaling, and the upregulation of early differentiation markers, including keratin 1 and keratin 10, as seen in HaCaT cells and mouse primary keratinocytes. Furthermore, STS inhibitors enhanced the expression of E-cadherin and late differentiation markers such as involucrin and loricrin. Due to increased calcium sensitivity, STS-deficient cells treated with calcium exhibited a significant upregulation of differentiation markers and reduced sensitivity to calcium chelation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that reduced STS expression and inhibition of its activity enhance calcium responsiveness, induce CasR expression, and amplify calcium signaling, thereby promoting keratinocyte differentiation. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying STS deficiency-induced hyperkeratinization.
Co-crystals of lactose-polyphenols created from two food-related by-products: cheese whey and maize inflorescences
Authors: Rusindo-Rodríguez Isis M. , Ramos-Sánchez Victor H. , Chávez-Flores David , Delgado Efrén , Chávez-Martínez América , Luján-Torres Víctor E. , Orozco-Mena Raúl E. , Sepúlveda David R. , Gutiérrez-Méndez Néstor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Maize inflorescences are a polyphenol-rich by-product generated abundantly from corn consumption. Likewise, cheese whey is a lactose-rich by-product vastly produced from the cheesemaking process. This work proposed the use of both by-products to generate lactose-polyphenol co-cocrystals. The methodology was to add maize-inflorescences powder (M-IP) into hot concentrated Chihuahua cheese whey to extract their polyphenols. Then, this supersaturated lactose-polyphenol solution was cooled to induce the co-crystallization of lactose with polyphenols. The crystallization process ended between 60 and 95 minutes, and the kinetic crystallization parameters were not altered significantly by the presence of maize polyphenols. The type of crystals created were primarily alpha-lactose monohydrated crystals (α-LM) with a small proportion of whey proteins and polyphenols. The polyphenol entrapment efficiency in lactose crystals was 22–30%, obtaining polyphenol concentrations of 7–9 mg/100 g of crystals. The polyphenols entrapped in lactose crystals were mainly phenolic acids like chlorogenic acid and flavonoids like maysin. The presence of polyphenols provided the lactose crystals with antioxidant activity. Additionally, the entrapment of polyphenols into the crystals prevented their degradation by UV-A irradiation. From these results, it can be concluded that it is feasible to add an extra value to lactose by incorporating polyphenols into the crystals using a by-product like maize inflorescence.
Anticancer properties of copolymer nanoparticles loaded with Feoniculum vulgare derivatives in Hs578T and SUM159 cancer cell lines
Authors: Bourang Shima , Godehkahriz Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh , Noruzpuor Mehran , Zakaria Rasool Asghari , Granados-Principal Sergio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
In recent years, the rising occurrence of cancer, particularly breast cancer, has led to a growing interest in utilizing nanotechnology for treatment. As a result of the significant side effects of chemical drugs, researchers have explored the potential of plants with antioxidant properties as an alternative option. Feoniculum vulgare, one of the potent plants for cancer therapy, is rich of anti-cancer compounds found in its essential oil and ethanolic extract.
Methods
This study was conducted to investigate the anti-tumor properties of F. vulgare, along with the application of copolymers for their targeted delivery to Hs578T and SUM159 cancer cells. First, the ethanolic extract from aerial parts and calluses of F. vulgare and essential oil extraction were produced. Second, polymer nanoparticles composed of PLA-Chitosan were synthesized, and their characteristics were investigated using various techniques such as Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis. After preparation of PLA-PEG-HA/PLA-Chitosan nanoparticles, the physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles including their size, zeta potential, morphology, size distribution, and magnetic features were evaluated. The encapsulation efficiency of copolymers with F. vulgare ethanolic extract, essential oil, Anethole, and pure quercetin was analyzed. After that the drug release kinetics (at pH = 5 and 7.4), in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation, and analysis of cell apoptosis to evaluate the efficacy of drug delivery to Hs578T and SUM159 triple-negative breast cancer cell lines were evaluated.
Results
The results of the study indicated that PLA-PEG-HA/PLA-Chitosan nanoparticles possess a spherical shape with an average size of 240 nm and a zeta potential of -10.8 mV. Moreover, the drug release pattern illustrated a higher release rate from synthesized nanoparticles under acidic conditions (pH = 5). The WST-1 assay revealed the biocompatibility of the drug-free nanocarriers and their minimal toxicity. Additionally, the Hs578T cell line treated with PLA-PEG-HA/Chitosan-PLA/Quercetin nanoparticles exhibited the highest percentages of pre- and post-apoptotic cells (34.06% and 8.19%, respectively).
Conclusions
The PLA-Chitosan and PLA-PEG-HA/Chitosan-PLA copolymer nanoparticles exhibit a noteworthy capacity for the targeted delivery of Quercetin, Anethole, and other anti-cancer compounds present in the ethanolic extract and essential oil of F. vulgare towards cancerous cells.