bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Tax Evasion Affect Economic Crime?*
Authors: Argentiero Amedeo , Chiarini Bruno , Marzano Elisabetta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of tax evasion on criminal activities in Italy. Specifically, we consider three types of crime that are related to economic determinants: property crimes (including robbery, theft and car theft), fraud and usury. We estimate different econometric models using annual data from the Italian provinces (NUTS‐3 level) for the 2004–12 period. We find that tax evasion positively affects economic crimes, and our results suggest that tax evasion is an incentive to engage in criminal activities, in addition to more standard determinants that we include in the analysis, such as labour market opportunities and deterrence. Moreover, these crimes demonstrate different levels of persistence over time and reflect different adjustment costs.
Evaluation of porcine diamine oxidase for the conversion of histamine in food‐relevant amounts
Authors: Kettner Lucas , Seitl Ines , Fischer Lutz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHistamine exists in a multitude of foods and displays an emerging role within food intolerances. Our aim was to identify the activity of porcine diamine oxidase (DAO) required for the in vitro degradation of histamine amounts that are found in typical meals containing histamine (75 mg, equaled 150 mg/L). Furthermore, we investigated an actual dietary supplement that is commercially available for histamine intolerant individuals for its histamine reduction capability. Kinetic investigations of porcine DAO showed a substrate inhibition by histamine concentrations greater than 56 mg/L (0.5 mM). The stability of free porcine DAO was tested in a fed state simulated intestinal fluid and exhibited a half‐life period of around 19 min. A total of 50 nanokatal (nkat) free porcine DAO, which equaled the amount of enzyme isolated from around 100 g pig kidney, were necessary for the in vitro reduction of around 90% of the histamine. The dietary supplement that contains a pig kidney extract did not show DAO activity. Instead, the used histamine (0.75 mg) was apparently reduced due to the adsorption of histamine onto a capsule component by 18.9 ± 2.3% within 5 hr. Although the capsule preparation retained its overall structure and shape for at least 90 min in simulated gastric fluid, the apparent histamine reduction was significantly reduced to 12.1 ± 2.3% (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, an alternative to the pig kidney DAO or an improved capsule preparation is needed to ensure an adequate supplementation for histamine‐intolerant humans.Practical ApplicationHistamine intolerance is an emerging issue in our society and the intolerance‐related physiological symptoms are currently not reliably treatable due to a lack of scientific investigation. A commercially available dietary supplement for histamine intolerance does not fulfil the requirements for a satisfactory histamine reduction in intolerant humans. The activity of the histamine degrading enzyme diamine oxidase, required for a satisfactory histamine degradation, is by far higher than the theoretical amount apparently given in the dietary supplement. With this knowledge, it is obvious that improved food supplements must be developed to help histamine intolerant humans.
Molecular cloning and characterization of Y‐box gene (Rpybx) from Manila clam and its expression analysis in different strains under low‐temperature stress
Authors: Dong S. , Nie H. , Li D. , Cai Z. , Sun X. , Huo Z. , Yan X. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryManila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is an economically important marine bivalve species. Y‐box proteins are members of the cold shock proteins family and highly conserved from bacteria to humans. In this study, a novel Y‐box gene (Rpybx) was cloned from the Manila clam and gene expression profiling was performed on three shell color strains (white, zebra and white zebra) and two wild populations (Southern and Northern) of R. philippinarum. The complete ORF length of Rpybx is 1367 bp, encoding 253 amino acids residues. Based on the amino acid sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis, the Rpybx gene was identified as a member of the invertebrate Y‐box proteins family. Rpybx has a similar tertiary structure to human Y‐box protein YB‐1. The Rpybx mRNA levels were analyzed by qPCR under acute and gradually varied cold stress. Under acute low‐temperature stress, the expression of Rpybx mRNA in gills and hepatopancreas was significantly increased in all selected strains and populations (P < 0.05). The Northern population showed the lowest relative expression level of Rpybx. The expressions of Rpybx were greatly upregulated in gills and hepatopancreas of different stains and populations at 5 or −2°C under gradually varied temperature stress (P < 0.05). The results shed light on the biological function of the Rpybx gene in defending against low‐temperature challenge and further exploring the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance and resistance in R. philippinarum.
Mammary neoplasia in common brushtail possums: case report and retrospective identification of additional cases
Authors: Setyo L , Donahoe SL , Rose K , Spielman D 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundMammary neoplasia in possums have been sporadically reported in the literature.Case reportAn adult common brushtail possum with severe dyspnoea warranting euthanasia was submitted for postmortem examination. Necropsy revealed a firm pale tan multilobulated mammary mass which contained pale tan tissue on section. Mammary carcinoma with metastases to the lungs, pleura, intercostal muscles and reproductive tract was diagnosed microscopically. Spontaneous neoplasms in possums are rarely reported. To provide a comprehensive insight into possum neoplasia, a retrospective evaluation of female reproductive disorders of growth in common brushtail possums from the Australian Registry of Wildlife Health (ARWH), Taronga Zoo, and University of Sydney, Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services (VPDS), was performed to identify additional cases.ConclusionThe present report describes the first published case report of mammary carcinoma in a common brushtail possum. This article should serve as a valuable reference for the types and relative frequencies of female reproductive disorders of growth that occur in possum species.
First‐line treatment in older patients with Hodgkin lymphoma: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare population‐based study
Authors: Rodday Angie Mae , Hahn Theresa , Kumar Anita J. , Lindenauer Peter K. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Evens Andrew M. , Parsons Susan K. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWhile Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is highly curable in younger patients, older patients have higher relapse and death rates, which may reflect age‐related factors, distinct disease biology and/or treatment decisions. We described the association between patient, disease and geographic factors and first‐line treatment in older patients (≥65 years) with incident HL using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data from 1999 to 2014 (n = 2825). First‐line treatment initiated at ≤4 months after diagnosis was categorised as: full chemotherapy regimen (n = 699, 24·7%); partial chemotherapy regimen (n = 1016, 36·0%); single chemotherapy agent or radiotherapy (n = 382, 13·5%); and no treatment (n = 728, 25·8%). Among the fully treated, ABVD [doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine]/AVD was most common (n = 635, 90·8%). Adjusted multinomial logistic regression identified factors associated with treatment. Older age, Medicaid dual eligibility, not married, frailty, cardiac comorbidity, prior cancer, earlier diagnosis date, histology, advanced disease Stage, B symptoms and South region were independently associated with increased odds of not receiving full chemotherapy regimens. In conclusion, we found variability in first‐line HL treatment for older patients. Treatment differences by Medicaid and region may indicate disparities. Even after adjusting for frailty and cardiac comorbidity, age was associated with treatment, suggesting factors such as end‐of‐life care or shared decision‐making may influence treatment in older patients.
Songs versus colours versus horns: what explains the diversity of sexually selected traits?
Authors: Wiens John J. , Tuschhoff E. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTPapers on sexual selection often highlight the incredible diversity of sexually selected traits across animals. Yet, few studies have tried to explain why this diversity evolved. Animals use many different types of traits to attract mates and outcompete rivals, including colours, songs, and horns, but it remains unclear why, for example, some taxa have songs, others have colours, and others horns. Here, we first conduct a systematic survey of the basic diversity and distribution of different types of sexually selected signals and weapons across the animal Tree of Life. Based on this survey, we describe seven major patterns in trait diversity and distributions. We then discuss 10 unanswered questions raised by these patterns, and how they might be addressed. One major pattern is that most types of sexually selected signals and weapons are apparently absent from most animal phyla (88%), in contrast to the conventional wisdom that a diversity of sexually selected traits is present across animals. Furthermore, most trait diversity is clustered in Arthropoda and Chordata, but only within certain clades. Within these clades, many different types of traits have evolved, and many types appear to have evolved repeatedly. By contrast, other major arthropod and chordate clades appear to lack all or most trait types, and similar patterns are repeated at smaller phylogenetic scales (e.g. within insects). Although most research on sexual selection focuses on female choice, we find similar numbers of traits (among sampled species) are involved in male contests (44%) and female choice (55%). Overall, these patterns are largely unexplained and unexplored, as are many other fundamental questions about the evolution of these traits. We suggest that understanding the diversity of sexually selected traits may require a shift towards macroevolutionary studies at relatively deep timescales (e.g. tens to hundreds of millions of years ago).
Advancing Transparency and Openness in Child Development Research: Opportunities
Authors: Gennetian Lisa A. , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. , Frank Michael C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTransparency and openness are basic scientific values. They lie at the heart of practices that accelerate discovery and broaden access to scientific knowledge. In this article, we argue that these values are essential to ensure the enduring influence of research on child development. They are also critical for the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) to accomplish its mission to benefit diverse global stakeholders and constituents. A companion article in this issue (Gilmore, Cole, Verma, van Aken, & Worthman) discusses the challenges in realizing SRCD’s vision for a science of child development that is open, transparent, robust, impactful, and conducted with the highest integrity. Here, we discuss opportunities for the society to set standards that ensure the full integration of transparency and openness into developmental science.
A randomized controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention with longitudinal follow‐up on ovarian dysmorphology in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kazemi Maryam , Pierson Roger A. , McBreairty Laura E. , Chilibeck Philip D. , Zello Gordon A. , Chizen Donna R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveEffects of lifestyle modification on reproductive function in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remain poorly elucidated. We compared the effects of a pulse‐based diet (lentils, beans, split peas and chickpeas) with Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet on ultrasonographic markers of ovarian morphology, hyperandrogenism and menstrual irregularity in PCOS.DesignRandomized controlled trial.PatientsWomen with PCOS (18‐35 years).MeasurementsThirty women randomized to the pulse‐based and 31 to TLC groups completed a 16‐week intervention without energy restriction. Groups performed aerobic exercise (minimum of 5 days/wk; 45 minutes/d) and received health counselling (monthly) and longitudinal follow‐up. Follicle numbers per ovary (FNPO, 2‐9 mm), ovarian volume (OV), free androgen index (FAI) and menstrual cycle length were measured pre‐ and postintervention.ResultsFollicle numbers per ovary (mean change ± SD, −10 ± 15), OV (−2.7 ± 4.8 mL), FAI (−3 ± 2) and menstrual cycle length (−13 ± 47 days) decreased over time in both groups (All: P < .01), without group‐by‐time interactions (All: P ≥ .13). Attrition rate was 33.7% and comparable between groups (P = .94). Adherence to diet intervention negatively correlated with changes in FNPO (r=−0.54), OV (r=−0.35) and FAI (r = −.29) in pooled groups (All: P ≤ .04). Groups maintained reduced OV, FNPO, FAI and menstrual cycles 6 months postintervention; however, decreased FNPO and FAI at 16 weeks tended to revert to baseline levels 12 months postintervention in both groups (All: P ≤ .05).ConclusionsBoth interventions improved ovarian dysmorphology, hyperandrogenism and menstrual irregularity in PCOS, and no diet appeared to be superior at improving reproductive outcomes. Our observations highlight the importance of longitudinal surveillance for sustainable adherence to newly adopted healthy lifestyle behaviours and reproductive health in PCOS (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01288638).
Preliminary assessment of safety and adherence to a once‐daily immunosuppression regimen in kidney transplantation: Results of a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Taber David J. , Posadas‐Salas Aurora , Su Zemin , Rao Vinaya , Rohan Vinayak , Nadig Satish , McGillicuddy John W. , Dubay Derek , Fleming James N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMedication non‐adherence is common after transplant and a major contributor to graft loss. The objective of this pilot study was to obtain preliminary safety and adherence data of a complete once‐daily immunosuppression regimen of Extended‐release‐tacrolimus (LCP‐tac), everolimus, and prednisone vs LCP‐tac, mycophenolate Twice daily (BID), and prednisone through a randomized controlled pilot study of 40 patients (20 in each arm). At 3 ± 2 months post‐transplant, patients were randomized to receive LCP‐tac and everolimus once daily or LCP‐tac and mycophenolate BID (control arm) for 6 months; 80 met eligibility, and 40 were randomized. Mean age was 51 ± 14 years, 33% were female, 45% African American, and 55% had a Calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) >20%. Both regimens were well‐tolerated, and medication side effect burden tended to be less severe in the intervention group. Self‐reported high medication adherence decreased in the control arm from baseline to 6 months (80%‐59%), while remaining the same in the intervention arm throughout the study (45%‐47%). For safety assessment, there was no rejection, graft loss, or death in either arm. These results provide preliminary evidence of the safety of a novel once‐daily immunosuppression regimen. The impact of this once‐daily regimen on medication adherence requires a larger long‐term study.
Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dapagliflozin in patients with short and long‐standing type 2 diabetes: Analysis from the DECLARE‐TIMI 58 trial
Authors: Bajaj Harpreet S. , Raz Itamar , Mosenzon Ofri , Murphy Sabina A. , Rozenberg Aliza , Yanuv Ilan , Bhatt Deepak L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , McGuire Darren K. , Wilding John P. H. , Gause‐Nilsson Ingrid A. M. , Sabatine Marc S. , Wiviott Stephen D. , Cahn Avivit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the cardiovascular and renal benefits observed with dapagliflozin in the DECLARE‐TIMI 58 trial are also observed in patients with short and long‐standing diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis post hoc analysis studied the dual primary efficacy endpoints, a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (CVD/HHF) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; CVD, myocardial infarction [MI], ischaemic stroke) by diabetes duration.ResultsOf the 17 160 patients, 3836 had diabetes duration of ≤5 years, 4731 >5‐10 years, 3952 >10‐15 years, 2433 >15‐20 years and 2206 >20 years. Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of CVD/HHF by a similar amount across diabetes duration subgroups, ranging from HR 0.79 (0.58‐1.06) in patients with diabetes duration of ≤5 years to 0.75 (0.55‐1.03) in those patients with diabetes duration of >20 years (interaction trend P‐value 0.76). Hazard ratios (HRs) for MACE ranged from 1.08 (0.87‐1.35) in patients with diabetes duration of ≤5 years to 0.67 (0.52‐0.86) in those patients with diabetes duration of >20 years (interaction trend P‐value 0.004). This was driven by greater reductions in the risk of MI and ischaemic stroke with dapagliflozin in patients with long‐standing diabetes (interaction trend P‐values 0.019 and 0.015, respectively). The duration‐based MACE heterogeneity was apparent in those with or without a history of prior MI and in those with multiple risk factors. The renal‐specific outcome was reduced with dapagliflozin with HRs ranging from 0.79 (0.47‐1.34) in patients with diabetes duration of ≤5 years to 0.42 (0.25‐0.72) in those patients with diabetes duration of >20 years (interaction trend P‐value 0.084).ConclusionsDapagliflozin reduced the risk of CVD/HHF consistently, regardless of diabetes duration, whereas the treatment effect for MACE differed by duration subgroups, with significant reductions with dapagliflozin in patients with long‐standing diabetes.
Life‐history strategy varies with the strength of competition in a food‐limited ungulate population
Authors: Kentie Rosemarie , Clegg Sonya M. , Tuljapurkar Shripad , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Coulson Tim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFluctuating population density in stochastic environments can contribute to maintain life‐history variation within populations via density‐dependent selection. We used individual‐based data from a population of Soay sheep to examine variation in life‐history strategies at high and low population density. We incorporated life‐history trade‐offs among survival, reproduction and body mass growth into structured population models and found support for the prediction that different life‐history strategies are optimal at low and high population densities. Shorter generation times and lower asymptotic body mass were selected for in high‐density environments even though heavier individuals had higher probabilities to survive and reproduce. In contrast, greater asymptotic body mass and longer generation times were optimal at low population density. If populations fluctuate between high density when resources are scarce, and low densities when they are abundant, the variation in density will generate fluctuating selection for different life‐history strategies, that could act to maintain life‐history variation.
Allocating the fixed cost based on data envelopment analysis in view of the Shapley value
Authors: Meng Fanyong , Wu Li , Chu Junfei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper considers fixed cost allocation in view of cooperative game theory and proposes an approach based on data envelopment analysis while incorporating the perspectives of coalition efficiency and the Shapley value. To do this, we first build two models to evaluate coalition efficiencies before and after cost allocation, and we prove that all coalitions can be efficient after fixed cost allocation. Then, following the premise that each coalition makes itself efficient without reducing the efficiencies of other decision‐making units' preallocation efficiency, we propose a model that determines the acceptable range of each coalition's allocated fixed cost. Furthermore, a model is constructed to determine the final cost allocation based on three principles: efficiency, monotonicity, and similarity. Moreover, the Shapley value is employed to obtain the cost allocated to each decision‐making unit (DMU). The proposed approach considers the relationships among DMUs across their forming coalitions to determine their interaction types and then generates a fixed cost allocation result that possesses the features of the Shapley value. This process makes the fixed cost allocation more acceptable. Finally, a simple numerical example and an empirical case are provided to illustrate the calculation process of the proposed approach and compare our approach with the traditional methods.
Calcifying fibrous tumour: An IgG4‐related disease or not?
Authors: Hu Yu‐Hsuan , Yu Chen‐Tang , Chen Chih‐Jung , Wen Mei‐Chin 
Published: February 2020

SummaryCalcifying fibrous tumour (CFT) has some of the histopathological features, such as abundant plasma cells and stromal fibrosis, that are exhibited by IgG4‐related diseases (IgG4‐RD). The possible role of IgG4‐positive plasma cells in calcifying fibrous tumour was investigated. The aim of this study was to determine any potential relationship between IgG4‐RD and CFT. Thirteen cases with a total of 16 CFTs were reviewed. Lesion samples were immunostained with anti‐IgG4 and anti‐IgG antibodies. The number of IgG4‐positive and IgG‐positive plasma cells (IgG + PC) and their ratios were estimated. Plasma cells were found in all tumours. IgG4‐positive plasma cells ranged from 0 to 71 per high‐power field (HPF; mean 17.8/HPF), and IgG + PC ranged from 2 to 93/HPF (mean 42.6/HPF). The IgG4/IgG ratio ranged from 0% to 80% (mean 29%). There were seven tumours with the ratio of IgG4/IgG + PC that exceeded 40%. Various degrees of stromal fibrosis were present in eight tumours. All tumours have variable calcification. The histopathological features of CFT were found to be similar to those of IgG4‐RD. Some CFT also showed a high number of IgG4‐positive plasma cells, and the ratio of IgG4/IgG + PC exceeded 40%, most notably in patients with concomitant inflammatory or autoimmune disease. The long‐term follow‐up showed no evidence of IgG4‐RD in any of these patients. Our findings suggest that while CFT overlaps morphologically with IgG4‐RD, it probably should not be classified as an IgG4‐RD.
A single nucleotide polymorphism within HOX Transcript Antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is associated with risk of psoriasis
Authors: Rakhshan Azadeh , Zarrinpour Nader , Moradi Afshin , Ahadi Mahsa , Omrani Mir Davood , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Taheri Mohammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent studies have shown participation of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Several mechanisms might be involved in the dysregulation of expression of lncRNAs in patients with psoriasis, among them is the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which modulate expression or function of these transcripts. In the present work, we genotyped three SNPs (rs12826786, rs1899663 and rs4759314) of the HOX Transcript Antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in 286 patients with psoriasis and 300 control subjects. The rs12826786 was associated with risk of psoriasis in dominant model (TC + TT vs. CC: OR (95% CI) = 1.59 (0.1.14–2.22), adjusted p‐value = .02). In the allelic model, T allele of this SNP significantly increased the risk of psoriasis compared with the C allele (OR (95% CI) = 1.35 (1.06–1.71), adjusted p‐value = .04). Other SNPs were not associated with risk of psoriasis in any inheritance model. No significant difference was found in haplotype frequencies between cases and controls. The current work shows association between a genomic variant within HOTAIR and risk of psoriasis. The clinical significance of this finding should be assessed in future studies.