bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing cognitive health in coordinated specialty care for early psychosis: Real‐world perspectives
Authors: Saperstein Alice M. , Medalia Alice , Bello Iruma , Dixon Lisa B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimAddressing cognitive health during the early phase of psychosis has the potential to enhance recovery outcomes, yet methods to assess and treat cognitive problems are not a systematic part of Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) in the United States. We sought to understand how CSC providers perceive cognitive health and gauge the acceptability and appropriateness of cognitive interventions to inform the development and implementation of a cognitive health toolkit for OnTrackNY, a CSC program.MethodsElectronic surveys were sent to clinicians from 22 OnTrackNY teams. One unstructured and 10 structured questions assessed knowledge and beliefs about cognition, current cognitive health practices, the likelihood of adopting new practices, perceived facilitators, and barriers to assessing and treating cognitive health.ResultsFifty‐three clinicians responded. Clinicians identified a range of terms associated with cognitive impairment with specific neurocognitive deficits cited most frequently. The majority perceived the evidence for cognitive impairment at the time of first episode to be moderate to strong, that specific interventions for cognition are warranted, and that there is a significant link between cognition and community functioning. While current practices vary, 88% indicated a high likelihood of integrating tools to address cognitive problems if provided. Compensatory approaches to aid cognitive functioning were viewed most favourably.ConclusionsResults suggest that addressing cognitive health is acceptable and appropriate for OnTrackNY but there is a need for systematic training to integrate empirically supported interventions with existing recovery‐oriented practices. Piloting a cognitive health toolkit will inform the potential uptake of assessment and treatment practices more broadly.
Extinction of cue‐evoked food‐seeking recruits a GABAergic interneuron ensemble in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex of mice
Authors: Brebner Leonie S. , Ziminski Joseph J. , Margetts‐Smith Gabriella , Sieburg Meike C. , Hall Catherine N. , Heintz Tristan G. , Lagnado Leon , Hirrlinger Johannes , Crombag Hans S. , Koya Eisuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnimals must quickly adapt food‐seeking strategies to locate nutrient sources in dynamically changing environments. Learned associations between food and environmental cues that predict its availability promote food‐seeking behaviors. However, when such cues cease to predict food availability, animals undergo “extinction” learning, resulting in the inhibition of food‐seeking responses. Repeatedly activated sets of neurons, or “neuronal ensembles,” in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) are recruited following appetitive conditioning and undergo physiological adaptations thought to encode cue‐reward associations. However, little is known about how the recruitment and intrinsic excitability of such dmPFC ensembles are modulated by extinction learning. Here, we used in vivo 2‐Photon imaging in male Fos‐GFP mice that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in recently behaviorally activated neurons to determine the recruitment of activated pyramidal and GABAergic interneuron dmPFC ensembles during extinction. During extinction, we revealed a persistent activation of a subset of interneurons which emerged from a wider population of interneurons activated during the initial extinction session. This activation pattern was not observed in pyramidal cells, and extinction learning did not modulate the excitability properties of activated pyramidal cells. Moreover, extinction learning reduced the likelihood of reactivation of pyramidal cells activated during the initial extinction session. Our findings illuminate novel neuronal activation patterns in the dmPFC underlying extinction of food‐seeking, and in particular, highlight an important role for interneuron ensembles in this inhibitory form of learning.
Herbivory meets fungivory: insect herbivores feed on plant pathogenic fungi for their own benefit
Authors: Eberl Franziska , Fernandez de Bobadilla Maite , Reichelt Michael , Hammerbacher Almuth , Gershenzon Jonathan , Unsicker Sybille B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlants are regularly colonised by fungi and bacteria, but plant‐inhabiting microbes are rarely considered in studies on plant–herbivore interactions. Here we show that young gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) caterpillars prefer to feed on black poplar (Populus nigra) foliage infected by the rust fungus Melampsora larici‐populina instead of uninfected control foliage, and selectively consume fungal spores. This consumption, also observed in a related lepidopteran species, is stimulated by the sugar alcohol mannitol, found in much higher concentration in fungal tissue and infected leaves than uninfected plant foliage. Gypsy moth larvae developed more rapidly on rust‐infected leaves, which cannot be attributed to mannitol but rather to greater levels of total nitrogen, essential amino acids and B vitamins in fungal tissue and fungus‐infected leaves. Herbivore consumption of fungi and other microbes may be much more widespread than commonly believed with important consequences for the ecology and evolution of plant–herbivore interactions.
Neurophysiological investigations of drug resistant epilepsy patients treated with vagus nerve stimulation to differentiate responders from non‐responders
Authors: Hödl S. , Carrette S. , Meurs A. , Carrette E. , Mertens A. , Gadeyne S. , Goossens L. , Dewaele F. , Bouckaert C. , Dauwe I. , Proesmans S. , Raedt R. , Boon P. , Vonck K. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeIn patients treated with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for drug resistant epilepsy (DRE), up to a third of patients will eventually not respond to the therapy. As VNS therapy requires surgery for device implantation, prediction of response prior to surgery is desirable. It is hypothesized that neurophysiological investigations related to the mechanisms of action of VNS may help to differentiate VNS responders from non‐responders prior to the initiation of therapy.MethodsIn a prospective series of DRE patients, polysomnography, heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive event related potentials were recorded. Polysomnography and HRV were repeated after 1 year of treatment with VNS. Polysomnography, HRV and cognitive event related potentials were compared between VNS responders (≥50% reduction in seizure frequency) and non‐responders.ResultsFifteen out of 30 patients became VNS responders after 1 year of VNS treatment. Prior to treatment with VNS, the amount of deep sleep (NREM 3), the HRV high frequency (HF) power and the P3b amplitude were significantly different in responders compared to non‐responders (P = 0.007; P = 0.001; P = 0.03).ConclusionThree neurophysiological parameters, NREM 3, HRV HF and P3b amplitude, were found to be significantly different in DRE patients who became responders to VNS treatment prior to initiation of their treatment with VNS. These non‐invasive recordings may be used as characteristics for response in future studies and help avoid unsuccessful implantations. Mechanistically these findings may be related to changes in brain regions involved in the so‐called vagal afferent network.
Factors associated with obesity in the Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Observations in People over Fifty (POPPY) cohort: an observational cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Savinelli S , De Francesco D , Feeney ER , Babalis D , Bagkeris E , Post FA , Boffito M , Williams I , Vera J , Johnson M , Anderson J , Sachikonye M , Winston A , Sabin C , Mallon PWG 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to describe the prevalence of obesity in the Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Observations in People over Fifty (POPPY) cohort, to identify demographic, clinical and HIV‐specific factors associated with obesity, and to characterize the association between obesity and sociodemographic, clinical and HIV‐specific factors and quality of life (QoL).MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was carried out of baseline data from the three groups [“older” people with HIV infection (PWH) aged ≥ 50 years, “younger” PWH aged < 50 years and HIV‐negative controls aged ≥ 50 years] within the POPPY cohort. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2.ResultsA total of 1361 subjects were included in the study, of whom 335 (24.6%) were obese. The prevalence of obesity was higher in controls (22.3%) than in older (16.8%) and younger (14.2%) PWH, with no differences between the two groups of PWH. Factors associated with obesity were older age, female gender, black African ethnicity and alcohol consumption. Recreational drug use and a higher current CD4 T‐cell count (in PWH) were associated with lower and higher odds of being obese, respectively. The presence of obesity was associated with worse physical health QoL scores, higher odds of having cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and hypertension, but lower odds of having osteopenia/osteoporosis, irrespective of HIV status.ConclusionsDespite a lower prevalence of obesity in PWH, specific subgroups (women, people of black African origin and older people) were more likely to be obese, and negative health consequences of obesity were evident, regardless of HIV status. Whether targeted preventive strategies can reduce the burden of obesity and its complications in PWH remains to be determined.
No evidence for association between cutaneous lichen planus and hepatitis B and C virus infection in south Poland – a case–control study
Authors: Żychowska Magdalena , Żychowska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients with lichen planus (LP) varies considerably. Currently, there is more evidence for the association between hepatitic C and oral LP (OLP) than cutaneous LP (CLP). There is also lack of data on the Polish population. The study aimed at assessing the prevalence of HCV infection and liver test abnormalities among patients with CLP in south Poland.MethodsEighty‐four patients with CLP and 130 patients with other dermatoses (controls) were included in this retrospective case–control study. Medical records were reviewed for the presence of anti‐HCV antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and serum levels of liver function tests: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma‐glumatyltranspeptidase (GGT).ResultsAnti‐HCV antibodies were not found in any of the patients in the study or control group. HBsAg was detected in one (1.19%) patient with CLP and none of the controls. Considering the prevalence of abnormal liver function parameters, there were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of AST (P = 0.87), ALT (P = 0.9), and GGT (P = 0.81) above the upper limit between patients with CLP and patients with other dermatoses.ConclusionsCurrently, there is no evidence confirming the relationship between HCV infection and CLP in southern Poland. There is also no increased incidence of liver function abnormalities compared to patients with other dermatoses. However, there is a need for further research on larger groups of patients.
Characteristics of penile cancer in Japan: An analysis of nationwide hospital‐based cancer registry data
Authors: Tanaka Ken , Kandori Shuya , Nitta Satoshi , Chihara Ichiro , Kojo Kosuke , Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Kimura Tomokazu , Kojima Takahiro , Kawai Koji , Okuyama Ayako , Higashi Takahiro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with penile cancer in Japan using the nationwide hospital‐based cancer registry database.MethodsUsing hospital‐based cancer registry data, we described the distribution of age, pathology, tumor–node–metastases classification, and first‐course treatment in patients treated between 2012 and 2015. We compared the patterns of first‐line treatment between elderly and non‐elderly patients.ResultsA total of 1012 patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma among 1773 patients with penile tumors who registered under topography code C60. The median age at diagnosis was 74 years, and 85.9% of patients were aged >60 years. The most common pathology was usual‐type squamous cell carcinoma (91.9%), followed by verrucous carcinoma (5.0%), sarcomatoid carcinoma (1.1%), papillary carcinoma (0.7%), basaloid carcinoma (0.6%), adenosquamous carcinoma (0.4%), warty carcinoma (0.2%) and mixed carcinoma (0.1%). A total of 61.3% of patients were diagnosed with localized disease. In contrast, the proportions of patients with lymph node and distant metastases were 27.5% and 2.1% at diagnosis, respectively. The proportion of patients who were treated with chemotherapy as the first‐course treatment was significantly lower among elderly patients (≥80 years) with clinical stage III (27.6% vs 7.1%, P = 0.0312) and clinical stage IV (53.2% vs 14.3%, P = 0.0086).ConclusionsMost penile cancer patients in Japan are diagnosed with usual‐type squamous cell carcinoma, and those with human papilloma virus‐related squamous cell carcinomas are <1%. Chemotherapy for advanced penile cancer is administered less in Japanese elderly (≥80 years) patients.
Single‐phase and binary phase nanogranular ferrites for magnetic hyperthermia application
Authors: Thandapani Prabhakaran , Ramalinga Viswanathan Mangalaraja , Vinícius‐Araújo Marcus , Bakuzis Andris F. , Béron Fanny , Thirumurugan Arun , Denardin Juliano C. , Jiménez Jose A. , Akbari‐Fakhrabadi Ali 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe study demonstrates the performance of heating efficiency in single‐phase and binary phase spinel ferrite nanosystems. Ferrimagnetic cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) (CFO) and superparamagnetic copper ferrite/copper oxide (CuFe2O4/CuO) (CuF) nanosystems of different particle sizes were synthesized through a microwave‐assisted coprecipitation method. The heating behavior was observed in range of both field amplitudes (8‐24 kA/m at 516 kHz) and frequencies (325‐973 kHz at 12 kA/m). The heating efficiency was analyzed and compared by means of particle size, magnetization, effective anisotropy constant, and Néel relaxation mechanism. Indeed, the heating rate was maximized in larger ferrite particles with low effective anisotropy constant. Moreover, though the magnetization and effective anisotropy constant of single‐phase CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were higher, the binary phase CuFe2O4/CuO nanosystems of similar crystallite size (28 nm) exhibited superior heating efficiency (4.21°C/s). For a field amplitude and frequency of 24 kA/m and 516 kHz, the heating rate of CuF and CFO ferrites with different crystallite sizes decreased in the order of 4.21 > 2.14 > 0.58 > 0.52°C/s for 29 nm > 25 nm > 12 nm > 15 nm, respectively. The results emphasize that binary phase ferrite nanoparticles are better thermoseeds than the single‐phase ferrites for the magnetic hyperthermia application.
Do nurses rate diseases according to prestige? A survey study
Authors: Johannessen Lars E. F. , Album Dag , Rasmussen Erik B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo see whether nurses rate diseases according to prestige and, if so, how their ratings compare to the disease prestige hierarchy previously uncovered among physicians.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsIn 2014, 122 nurses in a continuing education programme for healthcare personnel in Norway rated a sample of 38 diseases according to how prestigious they see these as being among healthcare workers in general.ResultsThe nurses were found to rank myocardial infarction, leukaemia, and brain stroke at the top of the prestige hierarchy and depressive neurosis, anxiety neurosis, and fibromyalgia at the bottom. Their rankings overlap significantly with those previously documented for physicians and suggest that nurses assess the diseases through a ‘cure’ rather than a ‘care’ perspective on health care.ConclusionThe nurses ordered diseases in a prestige hierarchy and their rankings are strikingly like those of physicians. The findings are of significant relevance to nursing practice and set a new course for future research into prestige and nursing culture.ImpactThe findings should encourage nurses – individually and collectively – to reflect on whether and how notions of disease prestige influence their decision‐making. By showing that nurses as well as physicians are able to rate diseases according to prestige, the study suggests new avenues for future disease prestige research.
Loganin alleviates testicular damage and germ cell apoptosis induced by AGEs upon diabetes mellitus by suppressing the RAGE/p38MAPK/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Chen Yuping , Jiao Ni , Jiang Ming , Liu Liping , Zhu Yihui , Wu Hongyan , Chen Jing , Fu Yingxue , Du Qiu , Xu Huiqin , Sun Jihu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) damages male reproduction at multiple levels, such as endocrine secretion, spermatogenesis and penile erection. We herein investigated the protective effects and mechanism of loganin targeting the advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/receptor for AGEs (RAGE)/p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/NF‐κB signalling pathway. Loganin relieved the general DM symptoms and decreased the blood glucose level of KK‐Ay DM mice. Haematoxylin‐eosin staining demonstrated that loganin ameliorated testicular histology and function and enhanced the activities of testis‐specific markers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP) and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GT). Loganin also showed evident anti‐oxidative stress, anti‐apoptotic and anti‐inflammatory effects on DM‐induced reproductive damage by restoring glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio in vivo and in vitro. Western blotting exhibited that loganin significantly inhibited the AGEs/RAGE/p38MAPK/NF‐κB signalling pathway. Acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining (AOEB) and Western blotting showed that loganin in combination with inhibitors of RAGE, p38MAPK and NF‐κB exerted stronger anti‐apoptotic effects on AGE‐induced GC‐2 cell damage compared with loganin alone. In conclusion, loganin can protect against DM‐induced reproductive damage, probably by suppressing the AGEs/RAGE/p38MAPK/NF‐κB pathway.
Extracellular S100A4 as a key player in fibrotic diseases
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Li Yanan , Liu Shuangqing , Qin Zhihai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFibrosis is characterized by fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells that sometimes leads to irreversible organ dysfunction. Considerable evidence now indicates that inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of organ fibrosis. S100A4 protein, a ubiquitous member of the S100 family, has recently been discovered as a potential factor implicated in fibrotic diseases. S100A4 protein is released at inflammatory site and has a certain biological function to promote cell motility, invasion, ECM remodelling, autophagy and angiogenesis. In addition, extracellular S100A4 is also a potential causation of inflammatory processes and induces the release of cytokines and growth factors under different pathological conditions. Elevated S100A4 level in patients’ serum closely correlates with disease activity in several fibrotic diseases and serves as a useful biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Analyses of knockout mouse models have identified a functional role of extracellular S100A4 protein in fibrotic diseases, suggesting that suppressing its expression, release or function might be a promising therapeutic strategy. This review will focus on the role of extracellular S100A4 as a key regulator of pro‐inflammatory signalling pathways and its relative biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
Methyltransferase‐like 3‐mediated N6‐methyladenosine modification of miR‐7212‐5p drives osteoblast differentiation and fracture healing
Authors: Mi Bobin , Xiong Yuan , Yan Chenchen , Chen Lang , Xue Hang , Panayi Adriana C. , Hu Liangcong , Hu Yiqiang , Zhou Wu , Cao Faqi , Liu Guohui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been reported in various diseases and implicated in increasing numbers of biological processes. However, previous studies have not focused on the role of m6A modification in fracture healing. Here, we demonstrated that m6A modifications are decreased during fracture healing and that methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) is the main factor involved in the abnormal changes in m6A modifications. Down‐regulation of METTL3 promotes osteogenic processes both in vitro and in vivo, and this effect is recapitulated by the suppression of miR‐7212‐5p maturation. Further studies have shown that miR‐7212‐5p inhibits osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3‐E1 cells by targeting FGFR3. The present study demonstrated an important role of the METTL3/miR‐7212‐5p/FGFR3 axis and provided new insights on m6A modification in fracture healing.
Growth trajectories of prenatal embryos of the deep‐sea shark Chlamydoselachus anguineus (Chondrichthyes)
Authors: López‐Romero Faviel A. , Klimpfinger Claudia , Tanaka Sho , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChlamydoselachus anguineus, Garman 1884, commonly called the frilled shark, is a deep‐sea shark species occurring up to depths of 1300 m. It is assumed to represent an ancient morphotype of sharks (e.g., terminal mouth opening, more than five gill slits) and thus is often considered to represent plesiomorphic traits for sharks. Therefore, its early ontogenetic developmental traits are important for understanding the evolution of its particular phenotype. Here, we established six stages for prenatal embryos and used linear measurements and geometric morphometrics to analyse changes in shape and size as well as their timing during different embryonic stages. Our results show a change in head shape and a relocation of the mouth opening at a late stage of development. We also detected a negative allometric growth of the head and especially the eye compared to the rest of the body and a sexual dimorphism in total body length, which differs from the known data for adults. A multivariate analysis of covariance shows a significant interaction of shape related to the logarithm of centroid size and developmental stage. Geometric morphometrics results indicate that the head shape changes as a covariate of body size while not accounting for differences between sexes. The growth pattern of stages 32 and 33 indicates a shift in head shape, thus highlighting the moment in development when the jaws start to elongate anteriorly to finally achieve the adult condition of terminal mouth opening rather than retaining the early embryonic subterminal position as is typical for sharks. Thus, the antero‐terminal mouth opening of the frilled shark has to be considered a derived feature.