bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography reconstruction using deep image prior and learned reconstruction methods
Authors: Baguer Daniel Otero , Leuschner Johannes , Schmidt Maximilian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper we describe an investigation into the application of deep learning methods for low-dose and sparse angle computed tomography using small training datasets. To motivate our work we review some of the existing approaches and obtain quantitative results after training them with different amounts of data. We find that the learned primal-dual method has an outstanding performance in terms of reconstruction quality and data efficiency. However, in general, end-to-end learned methods have two deficiencies: (a) a lack of classical guarantees in inverse problems and (b) the lack of generalization after training with insufficient data. To overcome these problems, we introduce the deep image prior approach in combination with classical regularization and an initial reconstruction. The proposed methods achieve the best results in the low-data regime in three challenging scenarios.
Inverse scattering on the half-line for energy-dependent Schrödinger equations
Authors: Hryniv Rostyslav O , Manko Stepan S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the inverse scattering problem for energy-dependent Schrödinger equations on the half-line with energy-dependent boundary conditions at the origin. Under certain positivity and very mild regularity assumptions, we transform this scattering problem to the one for non-canonical Dirac systems and show that, in turn, the latter can be placed within the known scattering theory for ZS-AKNS systems. This allows us to give a complete description of the corresponding scattering functions S for the class of problems under consideration and justify an algorithm of reconstructing the problem from S.
Implication of

b→cτν¯τ

flavor anomalies on

Bs→Ds*τν¯τ

decay observables
Authors: Das Nilakshi , Dutta Rupak 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The experimental predictions of R

D
,

R

D

*

, R

J/ψ
,

P

τ

D

*

and

F

L

D

*

in B decays mediated via

b
→
c
l

ν

¯

τ

quark level transition deviate significantly from the standard model expectations. The current world average of the ratio of branching ratios R

D
and

R

D

*

in

B
→

D

(

*

)

l

ν

¯

l

(l ∈ e, τ) show 1.4σ and 2.5σ deviation from the SM expectations. Similarly, the τ polarization fraction

P

τ

D

*

and the longitudinal polarization fraction of the D* meson

F

L

D

*

in

B
→

D

*

τ

ν

¯

τ

are found to deviate from the standard model expectations at 1.6σ and 1.5σ level, respectively. In addition, the ratio of branching ratio R

J/ψ
in

B

c

→
J
/
ψ
l

ν

¯

l

deviates from the standard model prediction at 1.7σ level. In this regard, we study the implication of R

D
,

R

D

*

, R

J/ψ
,

P

τ

D

*

and

F

L

D

*

anomalies on

B

s

→

D

s

*

τ

ν

¯

τ

decay observables in a model independent effective field theory formalism. We give predictions of several physical observables in the standard model and in the presence of various 1D and 2D new physics scenarios.
Radioactive 3D printing for the production of molecular imaging phantoms
Authors: Gear Jonathan I , Cummings Craig , Sullivan Jim , Cooper-Rayner Natalie , Downs Patrick , Murray Iain , Flux Glenn D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Quality control tests of molecular imaging systems are hampered by the complexity of phantom preparation. It is proposed that radioisotopes can be directly incorporated into photo-polymer resins. Use of the radio-polymer in a 3D printer allows phantoms with more complex and reliable activity distributions to be produced whilst simplifying source preparation.
Initial tests have been performed to determine the practicality of integrating Tc-99m into a photo-polymer and example phantoms produced to test suitability for quality control. Samples of build and support resins were extracted from the print cartridges of an Objet30Pro Polyjet 3D printer. The response of the resin to external factors including ionising radiation, light and dilution with Tc-99m pertechnetate were explored. After success of the initial tests the radio-polymer was used in the production of different phantoms. Radionuclide dose calibrator and gamma camera acquisitions of the phantoms were used to test accuracy of activity concentration, print consistency, uniformity and heterogeneous reproducibility. Tomographic phantoms were also produced including a uniform hot sphere, a complex configuration of spheres and interlacing torus’s and a hot rod phantom.
The coefficient of variation between repeat prints of a 12 g disk phantom was 0.08%. Measured activity within the disks agreed to within 98 ± 2% of the expected activity based on initial resin concentration. Gamma camera integral uniformity measured across a 3D printed flood field phantom was 5.2% compared to 6.0% measured with a commercial Co-57 flood source. Heterogeneous distributions of activity were successfully reproduced for both 2D and 3D imaging phantoms. Count concentration across regions of heterogeneity agreed with the planned activity assigned to those regions on the phantom design.
3D printing of radioactive phantoms has been successfully demonstrated and is a promising application for quality control of Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography systems.
Dwelling time calculation for film uniformity correction by ion beam sputtering process on larger optical materials
Authors: Wang D S , Li X J , Nie F M , Zhao S Y , Xu M , Zhang N , Qi Z C , Pei N , Guo H L , Zhang X 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is difficult to obtain film with uniform thickness and constant performance for optical components with larger diameter. It is a critical technology to improve the film uniformity during the deposition process. The ion beam sputtering system was used to prepare the film on the surface of large-aperture optical elements. The performance of film including thickness and roughness were measured by step profiler and optical profilometer instrument. The film thickness correction model was proposed in this paper. The optimized dwell time ratio was obtained by the film thickness data obtained from former experiments, and the dwell time distribution was calculated, after several iteration with the model, uniform film can be achieved on optical elements over 300mm in diameter. Taking the Si film on the surface of fused silica as an example. The research results show that, different film thickness between 100nm and 400nm can be obtained, when the film thickness is more than 200 nm, the film uniformity from more than 13% to less than 0.5%. The surface roughness variation of optical material before and after film deposition were studied, which provide stable process for obtaining high performance film on larger optical components.
Fabrication of micro-ignition sequence based on electronics safety and arming unit
Authors: Shen Y , Xu J B , Wang Ch G , Yang T L , Wang Y T , Zhang Z H , Li F W , Ye Y H , Shen R Q 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper describes an ignition circuit consisted of one micro igniter and one electronic security microswitch that could realize the intelligent function of micro-ignition sequence. The micro-ignition sequence, integrated with ignition circuit, chamber, nanothermite and B/KNO3, was fabricated on the same silicon chip by mechanical engraving and classic micro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology including magnetron sputtering and plasma etching steps. In addition, the size of micro-ignition sequence was less than 0.15 cm3. The electronic security microswitch based on energetic film Al/MoO3 can implement the function of circuit switch conversion under 1.5 A during 3 ms. The paper presents the design, fabrication and test of the micro-ignition sequence integrating of electronics safety and arming unit.
Experimental study on water-entry of body with buffer at high velocity
Authors: Wu S Y , Shao Zh Y , Zhang B , Gao Y G , Feng Sh Sh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to study the buffering effect of the structure when it enters the sea at high speed in the air, an effective test method is established in this paper. The experimental method can effectively observe the motion state of the structure body and the deformation process of the buffer structure, and the impact response data collected by the acceleration sensor provides an important reference for the research. The results show that the cushioning device installed on the head of the structure can effectively reduce the overload at the moment of water impact, and the choice of protective material will affect the cushioning energy absorption effect.
Experimental study: effects of typical man-rifle parameters on aiming performance
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wang Ya-Ping , Xu Cheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the aiming performance implications of three typical man-rifle parameters, including the stock length, stock axis height and front grip position. An orthogonal test with three factors and three levels was designed. The EMG data of selected muscles and muzzle fluctuations were obtained by surface electromyography test system and 3D motion capture system. The results showed that different man-rifle parameters led to an alteration of muscle fatigue, thereby affecting aiming stability. The length and height of stock caused different muscle fatigue levels of right arm, and left arm muscles were sensitive to front grip position and stock length changes. The stock length and stock axis height affected horizontal aiming stability, and vertical aiming stability responded to all three manrifle parameters. Overall, the stock axis height had the greatest impact on the aiming stability.
The probabilistic reasoning of hierarchical diagnosis decision-making
Authors: Ge Yawei , Hou Xiqian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of information incompleteness, model complexity and conclusion inaccuracy existing in diagnosis decision-making reasoning under uncertain conditions, probability information and its unique attributes are introduced on the basis of ontology reasoning to realize the formal expression of uncertainty in various elements of diagnosis decision-making ontology, and the probability ontology is obtained. On this basis, Probabilistic Graphical Model (PGM)—Dynamical Uncertain Causality Graph (DUCG) is selected to implement complex uncertain causality in hierarchical diagnosis decision-making ontology and compact expression of effective probability reasoning. And the hierarchical diagnosis decision-making ontology based dynamic uncertain diagnosis decision-making causality diagram model is put forward, and its system structure is built. Combining with the ontology concepts, relations, attributes to build, simplify, split, and delete the causality diagram, the chain of reasoning, probability calculation and sorting under the uncertain conditions are realized.
Cushion system’s modeling analysis of great load tension testing machines for structural component
Authors: Lei Zhang , Keqin Chen , Ying Wang , Peng Gu , Hongwei Zhang , Chuang Liu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Based on the theory of conversation of energy, momentum theorem and hydrodynamics, cushion system’s model of great load tension testing machines for structural component was built, and the design method of cushion system was got. There was instructional effect on engineering application.
Design of ballistic chamber for certification tests of crushers
Authors: Plachá A , Hipnarowicz K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a design process of ballistic chamber for certification tests of crushers, including all design’s steps from conceptual design to shooting tests. This issue has been raised, because so far, all certification tests were carried out only by shooting tests, which was associated with high costs and large amount of effort. Therefore design of ballistic chamber for certification tests of crushers was aimed at reducing costs, including the reduction of the amount of necessary equipment. Design process of ballistic chamber for certification tests of crushers consists of a few steps, which were thoroughly described in the article. In the first step basic parameters of the ballistic chamber was calculated and in the second step, based on obtained results, 100 mm BS-3 barrel gun was adapted to carrying certification tests of crushers. In the third step the charge was fired in the ballistic chamber and the pressure graph was obtained. Next the pressure graphs from the ballistic chamber have been compared to analogous pressure graphs from the 100 mm BS-3 barrel gun (in which certification tests of crushers were usually carried out). Comparison has shown that the ballistic chamber can be used for certification tests of crushers and also for the ballistic tests of charges in the dynamic conditions, as in real shooting process.
The analysis of temperature compensation of the transient piezoresistive ultra-high pressure sensor
Authors: Zhang M H , Li Y , Wang H , Liu L Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ultra-high pressure piezoresistive sensor works with the Wheatstone half bridge theory. Because of the electric resistance temperature coefficient difference and the four electric resistances value of bridge arm are different in the manufacturing, zero drift and zero temperature drift generally exist in practical application of the ultra-high pressure piezoresistive sensor, which leads to loss of measuring accuracy of sensor. It requires a normalized polynomial fitting algorithm to achieve null balance and compensate zero drift simultaneously. According to model analysis and deduction as well as experiments, statistics obtained through normalized polynomial fitting algorithm is the same as experiments and shows higher accuracy, better compensation effect. The ultra-high pressure piezoresistive sensor compensated by the software method can be widely used in pressure testing and research on interior ballistics, especially the high pressure gun under the high temperature, high pressure, and high impact environment.
Elicitation of knowledge from a defence expert
Authors: O’Brien Sinead , Proud William G , Wilson Dr Margaret A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work is to understand the way that a defence expert defines the concept of importance in relation to the ideas contained in a scientific document. The expert’s views on the importance of the concepts in this document were elicited in two phases. In the first phase, the expert was asked to summarise an eight-page document on the effects of electromagnetic fields on propellant combustion. Completion of this task generated a series of ’key points’. Phase two of the methodology was a sit-down interview with the expert. This interview comprised three parts: asking the expert to talk through why each of the key points were important, asking the expert to sort the key points into categories according to how important they are and then asking the expert to generate categories of why the points are important. The techniques used for expert elicitation proved highly successful in relation to this domain of knowledge. Not only were the procedures able to extract the underlying categories through which the expert structured their understanding of the field, but the results indicated reliability in the content of knowledge extracted through different methods. Subsequent papers in this project compare this work to parallel analysis conducted using Natural Language Processing tools.
Research on the strategy of the architecture modeling of aviation ammunition system-of-systems based on mission and capability
Authors: Wang X G , Zhao H Y , He X F , Hu L F , Wu X Q , Xu Sh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The development of the aviation ammunition system has evolved from equipment-based capacity-based. The mapping relations of aviation ammunition mission-ability-weaponry and the capacity-need of different mission are analyzed in this paper. Foreign ammunition development trends and capacity-supported are discussed. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of foreign weapon system architecture, the DODAF (Department of Defense Architecture Framework) and Agent-based system construction strategy is used in the modeling process. This method can provide a certain reference for aviation ammunition architecture.
Experimental study of the mechanical response of a physical human surrogate thoracic model impacted by a rubber ball
Authors: Yan Wenmin , Yao Xuefeng , Wang YaoShu , Jin Yongxi , Wei Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A physical human surrogate thoracic model was developed using biosimulant materials and the same anthropometry as a healthy adult male, and ballistic tests targeting the physical thoracic model were conducted using a rubber ball with a diameter of 16 mm at low (85-90 m/s), moderate (110-115 m/s), and high (130-135 m/s) velocities. The mechanical response to impact was recorded with sensors embedded into the organs. The internal organs pressure waves exhibited blast-like characteristics for the physical mode. Three parameters of initial pressure in organ were determined from the measured data: internal organs maximum pressure (Pmax), internal organs maximum pressure impulse (PImax), and the internal organs pressure gradient (dP/dt). The three parameters showed the same trend for the three different impact velocities, and these results represented a significant step in developing an understanding of the energy transfer characteristics of ballistic impacts to the human thorax. The results demonstrate the discriminating abilities of the model between threat levels, impact velocities and impact locations. It is found the first time to construct a physical human surrogate thoracic model dedicated to study the mechanism of the blunt injury impacted by the less-lethal ammunition, and the results of this research provided the function of a physical surrogate model of the human thorax which can transfer energy and propagate pressure waves during rubber bullet impacts. The model could be used to evaluate the efficiency of less-lethal ammunition before using it in the course of law enforcement, and the model provides a tool for forensic verification and validation.
Design of a polar elliptical orbit for a nanosatellite at LEO altitude of 475 km/725 km with maximum coverage of the world for seismic wave detection
Authors: Gupta M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Earthquakes and their after-consequences claim hundreds of lives and reason enormous belongings damage each year. Satellites had been unquestionably beneficial within the response to earthquakes, offering essential verbal exchange and far-flung sensing assist. This paper deals with an evaluation at the seismic wave detection through the nanosatellite within the Polar Elliptical orbit at low earth orbit (LEO) altitude of 475 km/725 km with maximum insurance of the world. The satellite proposed in the article is designed to collect data from the seismic areas through electromagnetic waves (EM) the very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) electromagnetic waves i.e. the fluctuation in the VLF and FL electromagnetic waves. As satellite observations of the ionosphere above the rupture zone of the future earthquake’s location also revealed the fact that there are changes in the VLF emissions a few days before the event. Therefore, Nanosatellite is used to monitor the electromagnetic signals to create a correlation with an eventual earthquake event. According to the paper the nanosatellite design is based on the CubeSat concept. It is a well-known fact that there are lots of links between the seismic events occurrence and different phenomena that predict their occurrence and hence, the precursors are also defined for this reason. Using Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) or Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology for monitoring tectonic deformation on a global scale and the restrictions like lighting conditions or cloud cover or any other atmospheric conditions can be terminated. In addition, seismic sensors and Satellite Tool Kit (STK) or GMAT are also being used for the identification of the waves and finding the relation with ground waves. Thereby, the paper aims to demonstrate a close link between the seismic events and electromagnetic wave propagation anomalies which are recorded before the advent of an earthquake to obtain a more precise result so that it can lend a helping hand for the society as well as humanity.
Design and implementation of fast moving object telemetry receiver
Authors: Kuczerski T , Zieba J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Increase in the development of missile technology and the need to control/monitor fast-moving prototypes for various purposes, forces the development of a ground station with automatic telemetry reception capability. The paper presents the preliminary results of the research of the automatic system of maintaining the continuity of communication between the ground station and the moving object. The advantage of the solution is the low weight and dimensions of the transmitting system and the resistance of the receiver to frequency shift resulting from the movement of the object. The receiving module was implemented on the basis of SDR technology together with an application using FFT. The application of the above solution allows for the implementation of the telemetry systems.
Flight stability for the anti-aircraft guided projectile firing on the move
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhang Yan , Li Rui , Wang Hai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the rapid manoeuvring launching requirements of anti-aircraft guided projectiles, the flight stability analysis of a guided projectile launch is carried out, and the initial disturbance parameters model based on equivalent analysis is established. The initial disturbance parameters model and the guided projectile rigid body trajectory model are combined. The relationship between the dynamics and kinematics of the guided projectile is described. The flight performance of the guided projectile is analysed by the stability theory and the criterion. The influence of the launch disturbance on the flight stability is obtained, and the allowed boundary of the guided projectile launch is determined.
A preliminary study of the military applications and future of individual exoskeletons
Authors: Jia-Yong ZHOU , Ye LIU , Xin-Min MO , Chong-Wei HAN , Xiao-Jing MENG , Qiang LI , Yue-Jin WANG , Ang ZHANG 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In today’s battlefield, soldiers are increasingly more mobile, better protected and relying heavily on information. The price to pay is that they also have to carry more and more when they are out in the field. In a harsh and hostile environment, the increasing loads can be too much or even fatal for soldiers. As a result, exoskeletons that help make faster, stronger and more endurable soldiers have become a focal point of research. With an eye on its applications in the military, we have categorized exoskeletons as two types, namely, active and passive, and examined its research status quo. We suggest that efforts be taken to further categorize exoskeletons for soldiers. And typical military scenarios where five different exoskeletons can be used are elaborated. In conclusion, we have looked into the future of individual exoskeletons in terms of its technology and roadmap of development. It is now clearer where individual exoskeletons can be used and in which direction should research efforts be made.