bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male mate‐seeking and mating behaviors of Eucera nipponensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) at a nectarless orchid habitat: Are empty flower patches a profitable rendezvous site?
Authors: Sugiura Naoto , Maehara Shoma 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMale solitary bees typically use emergence‐nesting areas and/or flower patches of food plants, where receptive females are relatively numerous, as rendezvous sites. However, mate‐seeking males have been also observed at food‐deceptive orchid patches, where numerous encounters with foraging females can hardly be expected, owing to the lack of floral rewards. Here, we describe the male mate‐seeking and mating behaviors of the Japanese long‐horned bee Eucera nipponensis at habitats of the food‐deceptive orchid Cymbidium goeringii. On the basis of the results, we report empty flower patches are not necessarily fruitless sites for mate‐seeking males because naive female bees, which are highly likely to be recently emerged and unmated, can be attracted to non‐rewarding orchids. We also suggest a possibility that a small number of the males could receive a “sexual reward” (i.e. mating opportunities), owing to the food‐deceptive orchid, in return for their pollination work. This occasional interaction could represent the initial stage in the evolution of sexually deceptive orchids from food‐deceptive orchids.
Rapid adaptation of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans to changing temperature
Authors: Wu E‐Jiao , Wang Yan‐Ping , Yahuza Lurwanu , He Meng‐Han , Sun Dan‐Li , Huang Yan‐Mei , Liu Yu‐Chan , Yang Li‐Na , Zhu Wen , Zhan Jiasui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTemperature plays a multidimensional role in host–pathogen interactions. As an important element of climate change, elevated world temperature resulting from global warming presents new challenges to sustainable disease management. Knowledge of pathogen adaptation to global warming is needed to predict future disease epidemiology and formulate mitigating strategies. In this study, 21 Phytophthora infestans isolates originating from seven thermal environments were acclimated for 200 days under stepwise increase or decrease of experimental temperatures and evolutionary responses of the isolates to the thermal changes were evaluated. We found temperature acclimation significantly increased the fitness and genetic adaptation of P. infestans isolates at both low and high temperatures. Low‐temperature acclimation enforced the countergradient adaptation of the pathogen to its past selection and enhanced the positive association between the pathogen's intrinsic growth rate and aggressiveness. At high temperatures, we found that pathogen growth collapsed near the maximum temperature for growth, suggesting a thermal niche boundary may exist in the evolutionary adaptation of P. infestans. These results indicate that pathogens can quickly adapt to temperature shifts in global warming. If this is associated with environmental conditions favoring pathogen spread, it will threaten future food security and human health and require the establishment of mitigating actions.
External transcutaneous ultrasound technique in the equine cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle: Assessment of muscle size and echogenicity with resting endoscopy
Authors: Satoh Masato , Higuchi Tohru , Inoue Satoshi , Miyakoshi Daisuke , Kajihara Ayako , Gotoh Tadahiro , Shimizu Yasuhito 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have assessed the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle (CAD) using transoesophageal ultrasonography in equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN). We assessed the CAD using the external transcutaneous ultrasound technique, which may constitute an easier method in horses.ObjectivesTo evaluate ultrasonographic imaging of the left cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle (LCAD) and right cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle (RCAD) as a diagnostic tool for RLN using the transcutaneous ultrasound technique.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsThe axial plane thickness, cross‐sectional area and echogenicity of the LCAD and RCAD were measured using transcutaneous ultrasonography in 164 horses. Assessments of LCAD were compared with those of RCAD. The LCAD:RCAD ratios in thickness and area were compared between control horses (resting grades 1 and 2) and horses with resting laryngeal grades 3 and 4 using the Havemeyer 4‐point grading system with subgrades.ResultsThe LCAD:RCAD ratios for thickness and area were 0.69 and 0.66 in horses with resting grades 3 and 4 respectively; LCAD was more hyperechogenic than RCAD in resting grades 3 and 4. LCAD:RCAD ratios for thickness and area in grades 3.II, 3.III and 4 were significantly lower than those in control horses. Thickness and area of the LCAD were negatively correlated with resting laryngeal gradeMain limitationsOverground endoscopy was not performed in this study. There were some differences in methodology: measurement of the physical thickness of the LCAD and clipping of hair at the laryngeal region were only performed in horses that underwent laryngoplasty.ConclusionsResults of ultrasonographic assessments of the CAD using transcutaneous ultrasonography were similar to those obtained by transoesophageal ultrasonography. This technique enables a simple, noninvasive, direct and easy examination. Assessment of the CAD using transcutaneous ultrasonography may be a useful technique and a potential option for determining whether to perform nerve graft or laryngoplasty.
How T'reg‐ulate healing of the injured spinal cord?
Authors: Milling Simon , Edgar Julia M. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are important for limiting inflammation‐dependent damage in neural tissue. However, Tregs have also been shown to inhibit neural repair associated with type 2 (anti‐inflammatory/wound healing) immune responses. Recently, it was demonstrated that Sirtuins, a family of proteins that contribute to the control of cellular responses to metabolic stimuli, influence the functions of Tregs. Specifically, SIRT4 was found to suppress the anti‐neuroinflammatory activity of Tregs infiltrating the spinal cord following injury; when SIRT4 expression was genetically suppressed, Tregs made more anti‐inflammatory factors, IL‐10, FoxP3, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Thus, understanding how the SIRT4‐Treg pathway can be manipulated could provide useful avenues to control both pathogenic and neuroprotective immune responses.
Do emotional labour strategies influence emotional exhaustion and professional identity or vice versa? Evidence from new nurses
Authors: Liu Han , Zou Hao‐Yun , Wang Hai‐Jiang , Xu Xiaohong , Liao Jian‐Qiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim was to examine the reciprocal relationships of emotional labour strategies with emotional exhaustion and professional identity.DesignThis study adopted a four‐wave cross‐lagged panel design.MethodsSurvey data were collected in 2018 from a sample of 171 newly hired nurses from 58 hospitals in 11 provinces of China. Nurses’ emotional labour (i.e., deep acting and surface acting), emotional exhaustion and professional identity were repeatedly measured. Cross‐lagged panel analyses were conducted to examine the reciprocal relationships we hypothesized.ResultsWe found that emotional exhaustion was positively related to surface acting (but not vice versa); deep acting was negatively related to emotional exhaustion (but not vice versa); professional identity was positively related to deep acting (but not vice versa).ConclusionOur findings suggest that deep acting and professional identity may decrease the level of emotional exhaustion, whereas emotionally exhausted nurses are more likely to employ surface acting strategies.ImpactThis research finding will have an impact on the nursing management. Healthcare managers may consider workshops or training and development programs that promote nurses’ professional identify to promote nurses’ use of deep acting and consequently reduce their level of emotional exhaustion, which has been associated with a variety of negative consequences, such as low quality of patient service, high medical accidents, and turnover rate.
The relationship of workplace violence and nurse outcomes: Gender difference study on a propensity score matched sample
Authors: Li Mengqi , Liu Jiali , Zheng Jing , Liu Ke , Wang Jun , Miner Ross Amy , Liu Xu , Fu Xue , Tang Jing , Chen Chen , You Liming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate workplace violence and nurse outcomes by comparing gender differences.DesignA secondary analysis of cross‐sectional survey data.MethodsWorkplace violence was measured by four items from the International Hospital Outcome Study. Nurse outcomes were measured by tools including burnout, job satisfaction and intention to stay. We used propensity score matching to generate a sociodemographic balanced dataset of 108 male and 288 female nurses. A hypothetical relationship model was derived from the affective events theory. Comparative statistics and multi‐group structural equation modelling were conducted to analyze gender differences. Data were collected in China from December 2013 – August 2014.ResultsMale nurses reported more workplace violence from staff and less intention to stay than females. Besides finding the mediation of burnout sharing with female nurses consistent with the affective events theory, workplace violence was directly linked to less intention to stay in male nurses.ConclusionMale nurses experience more workplace violence by staff than female nurses. Besides responding emotionally to workplace violence like female nurses, male nurses also respond behaviourally.ImpactWhat problem did the study address? Gender differences in workplace violence and its relationship to nurse outcomes. What were the main findings? Male nurses experienced more workplace violence than female nurses, linked directly to less intention to stay. Workplace violence linked to less job satisfaction and intention to stay in nurses was mediated by burnout. Where and on whom will the research have impact? Gender‐based prevention of and coping with workplace violence should be included in nursing training.
Expression and functional analysis of lncRNAs in the hippocampus of immature rats with status epilepticus
Authors: Gan Jing , Huang Lingyi , Qu Yi , Luo Rong , Cai Qianyun , Zhao Fengyan , Mu Dezhi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression at various levels. However, to date, the expression profile of lncRNAs in status epilepticus (SE) was unclear. In our study, the expression profile of lncRNAs was investigated by high‐throughput sequencing based on a lithium/pilocarpine‐induced SE model in immature rats. Furthermore, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to construct co‐expression networks and establish functions of the identified hub lncRNAs in SE. The functional role of a hub lncRNA (NONRATT010788.2) in SE was investigated in an in vitro model. Our results indicated that 7082 lncRNAs (3522 up‐regulated and 3560 down‐regulated), which are involved in cell proliferation, inflammatory responses, angiogenesis and autophagy, were dysregulated in the hippocampus of immature rats with SE. Additionally, WGCNA identified 667 up‐regulated hub lncRNAs in turquoise module that were involved in apoptosis, inflammatory responses and angiogenesis via regulation of HIF‐1, p53 and chemokine signalling pathways and via inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels. Knockdown of an identified hub lncRNA (NONRATT010788.2) inhibited neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Taken together, our study is the first to demonstrate the expression profile and potential function of lncRNAs in the hippocampus of immature rats with SE. The defined hub lncRNAs may participate in the pathogenesis of SE via lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network.
Down‐regulation of Suv39h1 attenuates neointima formation after carotid artery injury in diabetic rats
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Jian , Xu Changwu , Hu Qi , Hu Jun , Chen Jing , Jiang Hong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPatients with diabetes have an increased risk of vascular complications. Suv39h1, a histone methyltransferase, plays a protective role against myocardial injury in diabetes. Herein, we intend to explore whether Suv39h1 could affect neointimal formation after vascular injury in diabetic rats and reveal the underlying mechanism. In this study, we generated adenovirus expressing Suv39h1 as well as lentivirus expressing Suv39h1‐targeting shRNA and evaluated the significance of Suv39h1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under diabetic conditions. In vitro, we examined proliferative and migratory behaviours as well as the underlying signalling mechanisms in VSMCs in response to high glucose treatment. In vivo, we induced diabetes in SD rats with streptozocin and established the common carotid artery balloon injury model. Suv39h1 was found to be both necessary and sufficient to promote VSMC proliferation and migration under high glucose conditions. We observed corresponding changes in intracellular signalling molecules including complement C3 and phosphor‐ERK1/2. However, either up‐regulating or down‐regulating Suv39h1, phosphor‐p38 level was not significantly affected. Consistently, Suv39h1 overexpression led to accelerated neointima formation, while knocking down Suv39h1 reduced it following carotid artery injury in diabetic rats. Using microarray analyses, we showed that altering the Suv39h1 level in vivo dramatically altered the expression of myriad genes mediating different biological processes and molecular function. This study reveals the novel role of Suv39h1 in VSMCs of diabetes and suggests its potential role as a therapeutic target in diabetic vascular injury.
Distinct trajectories of long‐term symptom severity in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder during and after stepped‐care treatment
Authors: Jensen Sanne , Højgaard Davíð R.M.A. , Hybel Katja A. , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Skarphedinsson Gudmundur , Melin Karin , Ivarsson Tord , Nissen Judith Becker , Weidle Bernhard , Valderhaug Robert , Torp Nor Christian , Dahl Kitty , Compton Scott , Thomsen Per Hove 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundFirst‐line treatments for pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) include exposure‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). No studies have thus far identified distinct classes and associated predictors of long‐term symptom severity during and after treatment. Yet, these could form the basis for more personalized treatment in pediatric OCD.MethodThe study included 269 OCD patients aged 7−17 years from the Nordic Long‐term OCD Treatment Study (NordLOTS). All participants received stepped‐care treatment starting with 14 weekly sessions of manualized CBT. Nonresponders were randomized to either prolonged CBT or SSRIs. Symptom severity was assessed using the Children's Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale at seven time points from pre‐ to post‐treatment and over a three‐year follow‐up. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was performed to identify latent classes of symptom severity trajectories. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to detect differences between classes and identify predictors of trajectory class membership including several clinical and demographic variables. Trial registry: Nordic Long‐term Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Treatment Study; www.controlled-trials.com; ISRCTN66385119.ResultsThree LCGA classes were identified: (a) acute, sustained responders (54.6%); (b) slow, continued responders (23.4%); and (c) limited long‐term responders (21.9%). Class membership was predicted by distinct baseline characteristics pertaining to age, symptom severity, contamination/cleaning and anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsThe LCGA suggests three distinct trajectory classes of long‐term symptom severity during and after treatment in pediatric OCD with different clinical profiles at pretreatment. The results point to required clinical attention for adolescent patients with contamination/cleaning and anxiety symptoms who do not show convincing responses to first‐line treatment even though they may have reached the established cutoff for treatment response.
Comparison of hair manifestations in cardio‐facio‐cutaneous and Costello syndromes highlights the influence of the RAS pathway on hair growth
Authors: Urban J. , Qi L. , Zhao H. , Rybak I. , Rauen K.A. , Kiuru M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal hair growth is a defining feature of RASopathies, syndromes caused by germline mutations in the RAS pathway. However, detailed hair manifestations and the mechanisms of altered hair growth in RASopathies are poorly delineated.ObjectivesTo identify distinguishing clinical features and investigate how the RAS pathway influences hair growth by performing a systematic and detailed side‐by‐side comparison of hair manifestations in cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome (CFCS) and Costello syndrome (CS), two RASopathies caused by mutations in the downstream and upstream elements of the RAS pathway, respectively.MethodsSixteen individuals with CFCS and 23 individuals with CS were enrolled. Mutation data were recorded. Scalp hair, eyebrows and eyelashes of individuals with CFCS or CS were examined for texture, colour, density and morphology. Scalp hairs were examined by light microscopy.ResultsWhile both syndromes displayed abnormal hair, striking differences were observed, including darker and thicker scalp hair and sparse eyebrows and eyelashes in CFCS. By contrast, synophrys, trichomegaly and abnormalities of the scalp hair shafts were observed in CS. Possible correlation with straight hair and genotype was observed in CS.ConclusionThe results emphasize the role of the RAS pathway in hair growth, improve accuracy of clinical diagnosis of CFCS and CS and provide a foundation for identification of therapeutic targets.
Inhibition of GLUT2 transporter by geraniol from Cymbopogon martinii: a novel treatment for diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Kamble Snehalata Prakash , Ghadyale Varsha Adhikrao , Patil Rahul Shivaji , Haldavnekar Vivek Sudhakar , Arvindekar Akalpita Umesh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
To isolate and identify the bioactive component from Cymbopogon martinii having GLUT2 transporter inhibitory activity – towards development of a novel strategy for treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Method
Isolation of bioactive component was carried out using differential solvent extraction, HPTLC and HPLC, and identification was done by GC-MS. In-vitro studies on intestine, liver, kidney and in-vivo assessment by OGTT and long-term treatment on diabetic rats were carried out.

Key findings
Geraniol was isolated and identified as bioactive component. Intestinal glucose absorption demonstrated 60.28% inhibition of transport at 648.34 μm of geraniol. It was found to inhibit glucose release from liver on adrenaline challenge by 89.82% at 324.17 μm/ml. Kidney glycogen content doubled using 648.34 μm of geraniol as compared to control. Geraniol demonstrated 2.14 times higher renal glucose output than diabetic control. OGTT demonstrated prevention of postprandial spikes. Prolonged treatment for 60 days with 29.37 mm/kg B.W. twice a day of geraniol improved the lipid profile, HbA1C levels and renal parameters. In mRNA studies for 10 days, over expression of GLUT2 was prevented by geraniol.

Conclusions
Inhibition of GLUT2 by geraniol has the potential to reduce hyperglycaemia and prevent secondary complications in diabetes.
Are all patterns created equal? Cooperation is more likely in spatially simple habitats
Authors: Bertolini Camilla , Hlebowicz Kasper , Schlichta Flavia , Capelle Jacob J. , van de Koppel Johan , Bouma Tjeerd.J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCooperative behaviours, such as aggregation with neighbouring conspecifics, can enhance resilience in habitats where risks (i.e. predation, physical disturbances) are high, exerting positive feedback loops to maintain a healthy population. At the same time, cooperation behaviours can involve some extra energy expenditures and increasing resource competition. For sessile reefs, like mussels, simulation models predict increased cooperation under increasing levels of environmental stress. Predation risk is viewed as a behaviour‐modifying stressor, but its role on cooperation mechanisms, such as likelihood of reciprocity, has not yet been empirically tested. This study harnesses this framework to understand how cooperation changes under different perceived levels of predation risk, using mussel beds as model of a complex “self‐organised” system. Hence, we assessed the context dependency of cooperation response in different “landscapes of fear,” created by changes in predator cues, substratum availability and body size. Our experiments demonstrated that i) cooperation in a mussel bed system increases when predator cues are present, but that this relationship was found to be both, ii) strongly context‐dependent, particularly upon substratum availability and iii) size‐dependent. That is, while cooperation is in general greater for larger individuals, the response to risk results in greater cooperation when alternative attachment substratum is absent, meaning that simpler landscapes may be perceived as riskier. The context dependency of structural complexity is also an essential finding to consider in a changing world where habitats are losing complexity and cooperative strategies should be maximised.
The fire ant social supergene is characterized by extensive gene and transposable element copy number variation
Authors: Fontana Silvia , Chang Ni‐Chen , Chang Tiffany , Lee Chih‐Chi , Dang Viet‐Dai , Wang John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the fire ant Solenopsis invicta, a supergene composed of ~600 genes and having two variants, SB and Sb, regulates colony social form. In single queen colonies, all individuals carry only the SB allele, while in multiple queen colonies, some individuals carry the Sb allele. In this study, we characterized genes with copy number variation between SB and Sb‐carrying individuals. We showed extensive acquisition of gene duplicates in the Sb genome, with some likely involved in polygyne‐related phenotypes. We found 260 genes with copy number differences between SB and Sb, of which 239 have greater copy number in Sb. We observed transposable element (TE) accumulation on Sb, likely due to the accumulation of repetitive elements on the nonrecombining chromosome. We found a weak correlation between TE copy number and differential expression, suggesting some TEs may still be proliferating in Sb while many of the duplicated TEs have presumably been silenced. Among the 115 non‐TE genes with higher copy in Sb, enzymes responsible for cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis were highly represented. These include a desaturase and an elongase, both potentially responsible for differential queen odour and likely beneficial for polygyne ants. These genes seem to have translocated into the supergene from other chromosomes and proliferated by multiple duplication events. While the presence of TEs in supergenes is well documented, little is known about duplication of non‐TE genes and their possible adaptive role. Overall, our results suggest that gene duplications may be an important factor leading to monogyne and polygyne ant societies.
Benefiting from the regional problem: The politics of 60 years of regional development
Authors: McNeill Jeffrey 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe New Zealand government approach to regional development and the economy more broadly has oscillated from the 1970s economic growth and investment focus to 1980s neoliberal neglect, followed by the more recent rediscovery of the regions' importance in national economies, all with tenuous outcomes. This paper explores the changing scope of regional development initiatives by successive New Zealand governments over the last 60 years to show a pattern of opportunism and neglect that suggests regional development is more aligned to electoral priorities than regional success.