bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful Treatment of Cosmetic Oral Mucosal Tattoos Using QS 694‐nm Ruby Laser and 755‐nm Alexandrite Picosecond Laser
Authors: Feng Hao , Christman Mitalee P. , Muzumdar Sonal , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectivesQ‐switched (QS) and picosecond lasers can effectively and safely remove unwanted tattoo pigments. Cosmetic mucosal tattoos are rare and there are only a handful of cases of successful laser tattoo removal, all with QS 1064‐nm neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA 19‐year‐old Fitzpatrick skin‐type II female presented for treatment of a 6‐month‐old, black tattoo on the mucosal surface of her lower lip. She underwent six treatment sessions with a QS 694‐nm ruby laser on months 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 12.A 30‐year‐old Fitzpatrick skin‐type IV male presented for treatment of a 10‐year‐old black tattoo on his left buccal mucosa. He underwent one treatment with 755‐nm alexandrite picosecond lasers.ResultsOne month after last treatment, both patients demonstrated marked improvement to the treatment area without scarring or dyspigmentation.ConclusionsGiven the excellent results seen in the patients presented here, the authors recommend that lasers should be the first‐line treatment for the removal of unwanted cosmetic mucosal tattoos, which are typically easier to remove than cutaneous tattoos and can be accomplished with various wavelengths in the picosecond and nanosecond domains. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of geographical information system (GIS) for the development of climatological air temperature vulnerability maps: An example from Morocco
Authors: Lagrini Khaoula , Ghafiri Abdessamad , Ouali Abdellah , Elrhaz Khalid , Feddoul Rhizlane , Elmoutaki Saida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAir temperature conditions affect various aspects of human life through diverse pathways, such as health, agriculture, labour productivity, infrastructure and building constructions, economic production, and so on. To address better efforts at resolving this issue, decision‐making tools need to be developed to identify and prioritize areas where appropriate actions are required. The present paper identifies vulnerable areas in Morocco with a focus on three different aspects: high temperatures, low temperatures and daily temperature amplitude. Maps were created using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)‐developed Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) 30 year‐long daily maximum and minimum temperature data set. Several indicators as well as vulnerability indexes were defined and calculated. Maps showing the spatial distribution of these indicators were created. The results show that 78% of Morocco is considered to be non‐vulnerable areas to areas with low vulnerability; and 19% is characterized by moderate vulnerability to the effects of temperature. The remaining areas are characterized by high to extreme vulnerability: the most vulnerable areas are located in the provinces of Figuig, Jerada and Boulemane in the eastern part of the country, as well as in the provinces of Khouribga, Fquih Ben Saleh and Settat in the central part. This implies, for example, that national‐level planners in the agriculture and transport/infrastructure sectors in the central part need to take into account temperature vulnerabilities as they develop sector strategies and plans.
Accuracy investigation of equivalent dipole arrays for near‐field estimation in presence of shielding or dielectric structures
Authors: Kwak Kyungjin , Bae Tae‐il , Hong Kichul , Kim Hyungsoo , Kim Jingook 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe accuracy of equivalent dipole arrays for source modeling of electromagnetic fields is affected by several factors. In the step for extracting equivalent dipole arrays for a given source, there are three factors that can affect accuracy: scanning height, source spacing, and scanning gap. In the evaluation step of reconstructed fields, there are two other factors that can also affect accuracy: evaluation height and additional structures. In this paper, simple guidelines are suggested considering the three factors in extracting equivalent dipole arrays. Also, the effects of the evaluation height on accuracy of reconstructed fields are demonstrated in the presence of shielding or dielectric structures. A feature selective validation process was utilized to evaluate similarities between actual and estimated fields.
Psychometric properties of the transaddiction craving triggers questionnaire in alcohol use disorder
Authors: von Hammerstein Cora , Cornil Aurélien , Rothen Stéphane , Romo Lucia , Khazaal Yasser , Benyamina Amine , Billieux Joël , Luquiens Amandine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to develop the transaddiction craving triggers questionnaire (TCTQ), which assesses the propensity of specific situations and contexts to trigger craving and to test its psychometric properties in alcohol use disorder (AUD).MethodsThis study included a sample of 111 AUD outpatients. We performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and calculated item–dimension correlations. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed through Spearman correlations with craving, emotional symptoms, impulsivity, mindfulness, and drinking characteristics.ResultsThe EFA suggested a 3‐factor solution: unpleasant affect, pleasant affect, and cues and related thoughts. Cronbach's coefficient alpha ranged from .80 to .95 for the three factors and the total score. Weak positive correlations were identified between the TCTQ and drinking outcomes, and moderate correlation were found between the TCTQ and craving strength, impulsivity, anxiety, depression, and impact of alcohol on quality of life.ConclusionsThe 3‐factor structure is congruent with the well‐established propensity of emotions and cues to trigger craving. Construct validity is supported by close relations between the TCTQ and psychological well‐being rather than between the TCTQ and drinking behaviors. Longitudinal validation is warranted to assess sensitivity to change of the TCTQ and to explore its psychometric properties in other addictive disorders.
Undrained lower bound solutions for end bearing capacity of shallow circular piles in non‐homogeneous and anisotropic clays
Authors: Ukritchon Boonchai , Keawsawasvong Suraparb 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYThe undrained bearing capacity of shallow circular piles in non‐homogeneous and anisotropic clay is investigated by the lower bound (LB) finite element limit analysis (FELA) under two‐dimensional (2D) axisymmetric condition using second‐order cone programming, and the new solution of the problem is presented. Modified from the isotropic von Mises yield criterion, a cross‐anisotropic undrained strength criterion of clays under the axisymmetric state of stress requiring three input shear strengths in triaxial compression, direct simple shear, and triaxial extension is employed in the 2D axisymmetric LB FELA. Parametric studies on the effects of pile embedment ratio, dimensionless strength gradient, anisotropic strength ratio, and pile roughness are investigated extensively, while the predicted failure mechanisms associated with these parameters are discussed and compared. Numerical results of undrained end bearing capacity of shallow circular piles are summarized in the form of design tables that are useful for design practice and represent a new contribution to the field of pile capacity considering the combined effects of undrained strength non‐homogeneity and anisotropy.
On a magneto‐poro‐thermoelastic medium under the influence of the Seebeck effect
Authors: Abd‐Elaziz Elsayed M. , Othman Mohamed I.A. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this study, the poro‐thermoelastic problem with the effect of the magnetic field and Seebeck parameter was investigated. Modified Ohm's law that includes effects of the temperature gradient (Seebeck effect) and charge density, as well as generalized Fourier's law with current density, is introduced. We applied normal mode analysis to solve the resulting nondimensional coupled equations and then investigated the effects that nondimensional displacements, temperature distribution, excess pore water pressure, stresses, and induced magnetic field exerted on the poro‐thermoelastic half‐space medium. Numerical analyses are given graphically on the square (2D) and cubic (3D) domains to illustrate the effects of the porosity parameter, magnetic field, and Seebeck parameter on the physical variables.
Biogeochemical evidence for residence, diet, and health of theWoman in the Iron Coffin(Queens, New York City)
Authors: Quinn Rhonda L. , Warnasch Scott C. , Watson Monet , Godfrey Linda , Setera Jacob B. , VanTongeren Jill , Mortlock Richard , Wright James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 2011, the mummified body of a Black adult female was discovered in a mid‐19th‐century Fisk iron coffin buried in Queens, New York City. Archival research points to the identity of the woman as Martha Peterson, a domestic worker who lived in the home of William Raymond, the business partner and neighbour of Almond Fisk, the coffin inventor and manufacturer. Here, we apply biogeochemical methods to provide information about theWoman in the Iron Coffin's (WIC's) residence, diet, and health to complement the biological profile and test the archival‐based interpretation of identity. We conducted stable isotopic (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O,87Sr/86Sr, and206Pb/207Pb) and elemental (As, Sr, and Pb) concentration analyses of a second premolar and one strand of hair to characterize her lifeways during middle childhood and near the time of death. We interpret WIC's geographic location during the time of tooth formation as local to the New York region, compared with established δ18O and87Sr/86Sr isoscapes of the United States and206Pb/207Pb values of regional coal and ore. WIC's δ13C and δ15N values indicate a mixed diet similar to contemporaneous peoples from other Mid‐Atlantic States. Pb concentrations are potentially indicative of acute Pb‐caused health problems in a period of ~1 year during middle childhood. Our biogeochemical results bolster archival‐based interpretations of WIC's identity as a member of the Peterson's, a local free Black family, and provide a glimpse into the life of a Black woman in 19th‐century New York City.
Threat appeals in public service announcements: Effects of message framing and relationship norms
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Xiang , Wang Zuo‐Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThreat appeals have been widely utilized in numerous types of public service announcements (PSAs), and previous research has focused on the impact of the inherent messages in these announcements. By examining the research on the effects of framing PSAs in terms of the threat of the message to oneself or others, we proposed a clear conceptualization of “threat‐target framing.” The first two studies addressed the direct effects of threat‐target framing and found that other‐oriented threat appeals can evoke more guilt than can self‐oriented threat appeals. Moreover, self‐oriented threat appeals can evoke more fear and immediately direct recipients' attention to the smoker than can other‐oriented threat appeals. Study 3 reported that a contextual factor—relationship norms—was introduced as a potential moderating factor. Results showed that relationship norms had the potential to moderate the effect of threat‐target framing on recipients' fear response, but not the effect on recipients' guilt and coping response. In sum, the results highlighted the importance of message framing of advertising copies and the placement context. Our findings may be useful in understanding the antecedents of the persuasiveness of PSAs.
Successful Long‐term Anticoagulation with Enoxaparin in a Patient with a Mechanical Heart Valve
Authors: Wang Xin , Mathew Carol , Korapati Sowmya , Bathini Venu G. 
Published: December 2019

Thromboembolism related to a mechanical heart valve (MHV) is a major complication after surgical valve replacement. Warfarin remains as guideline‐endorsed thromboprophylaxis in patients with MHVs. Alternative anticoagulation therapy for patients who do not tolerate or who fail warfarin is not adequately covered in the current guidelines. We report a case of successful long‐term anticoagulation with enoxaparin in a patient with a mechanical aortic valve who had a contraindication to warfarin. The patient developed a left thigh hematoma requiring surgical evacuation 1 month after initiation of weight‐based dosing of enoxaparin. His dose was then titrated based on peak anti‐factor Xa levels (goal 0.6–1.0 IU/ml). He remained free of signs and symptoms of thromboembolic events, valve dysfunction, bleeding complications, or major adverse effects from long‐term enoxaparin use for the next 13 years. Our case provides promising evidence of the potential role of enoxaparin in patients with MHVs in whom warfarin thromboprophylaxis is not possible. Meticulous monitoring of anti‐factor Xa levels and dosage adjustments are crucial to treatment success.
Drug Interaction Between Febuxostat and Thiopurine Antimetabolites: A Review of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and Medical Literature
Authors: Logan Jill K. , Wickramaratne Senarath Yapa Shalini , Harinstein Lisa , Saluja Bhawana , Muñoz Monica , Sahajwalla Chandrahas , Neuner Rosemarie , Seymour Sally 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThere is a known drug interaction (DI) between xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors and the thiopurine immunosuppressants, azathioprine (AZA) and mercaptopurine (6‐MP). Xanthine oxidase inhibition increases concentrations of AZA and 6‐MP active metabolites, possibly resulting in myelosuppression. When allopurinol is used with AZA or 6‐MP, dose reduction of AZA or 6‐MP is recommended. Febuxostat is a newer XO inhibitor approved for the treatment of gout.ObjectiveTo determine the clinical impact of the febuxostat‐thiopurine DI.Design and SettingCase series derived from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and published medical literature.PatientsNineteen patients who received concomitant febuxostat and either AZA or 6‐MP.MeasurementsLaboratory and clinical data.ResultsNineteen cases reporting myelosuppressive events were identified in patients receiving febuxostat with AZA or 6‐MP. Eighteen cases were treated with the combination of AZA and febuxostat. A median of 1.6 months elapsed from initiation of the drug combination until discovery of the event. Sixteen cases required hospitalization; 15 reported administration of blood products. Thirteen cases reported resolution of the event with discontinuation of both drugs, two reported discontinuation of the thiopurine only, and one reported discontinuation of febuxostat only.LimitationsThiopurine monotherapy may cause myelosuppression. Complications of immunosuppression that may contribute to the real‐world morbidity and mortality associated with the febuxostat‐thiopurine DI were not examined. Finally, FAERS data are limited by the voluntary nature of reporting.ConclusionCurrent febuxostat labeling contraindicates concomitant administration of febuxostat with either AZA or 6‐MP. This case series demonstrates that the DI can result in clinically significant adverse events and is supportive of current febuxostat labeling.
LCAT protects against Lipoprotein‐X formation in a murine model of drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Amar Marcelo J. A. , Freeman Lita A. , Nishida Takafumi , Sampson Maureen L. , Pryor Milton , Vaisman Boris L. , Neufeld Edward B. , Karathanasis Sotirios K. , Remaley Alan T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFamilial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency (FLD) is a rare genetic disease characterized by low HDL‐C levels, low plasma cholesterol esterification, and the formation of Lipoprotein‐X (Lp‐X), an abnormal cholesterol‐rich lipoprotein particle. LCAT deficiency causes corneal opacities, normochromic normocytic anemia, and progressive renal disease due to Lp‐X deposition in the glomeruli. Recombinant LCAT is being investigated as a potential therapy for this disorder. Several hepatic disorders, namely primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, cholestatic liver disease, and chronic alcoholism also develop Lp‐X, which may contribute to the complications of these disorders. We aimed to test the hypothesis that an increase in plasma LCAT could prevent the formation of Lp‐X in other diseases besides FLD. We generated a murine model of intrahepatic cholestasis in LCAT‐deficient (KO), wild type (WT), and LCAT‐transgenic (Tg) mice by gavaging mice with alpha‐naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), a drug well known to induce intrahepatic cholestasis. Three days after the treatment, all mice developed hyperbilirubinemia and elevated liver function markers (ALT, AST, Alkaline Phosphatase). The presence of high levels of LCAT in the LCAT‐Tg mice, however, prevented the formation of Lp‐X and other plasma lipid abnormalities in WT and LCAT‐KO mice. In addition, we demonstrated that multiple injections of recombinant human LCAT can prevent significant accumulation of Lp‐X after ANIT treatment in WT mice. In summary, LCAT can protect against the formation of Lp‐X in a murine model of cholestasis and thus recombinant LCAT could be a potential therapy to prevent the formation of Lp‐X in other diseases besides FLD.
A flexible multi‐domain test with adaptive weights and its application to clinical trials
Authors: Zhao Yang , Yu Qifeng , Lake Stephen L. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe design of a clinical trial is often complicated by the multi‐systemic nature of the disease; a single endpoint often cannot capture the spectrum of potential therapeutic benefits. Multi‐domain outcomes which take into account patient heterogeneity of disease presentation through measurements of multiple symptom/functional domains are an attractive alternative to a single endpoint. A multi‐domain test with adaptive weights is proposed to synthesize the evidence of treatment efficacy over numerous disease domains. The test is a weighted sum of domain‐specific test statistics with weights selected adaptively via a data‐driven algorithm. The null distribution of the test statistic is constructed empirically through resampling and does not require estimation of the covariance structure of domain‐specific test statistics. Simulations show that the proposed test controls the type I error rate, and has increased power over other methods such as the O'Brien and Wei‐Lachin tests in scenarios reflective of clinical trial settings. Data from a clinical trial in a rare lysosomal storage disorder were used to illustrate the properties of the proposed test. As a strategy of combining marginal test statistics, the proposed test is flexible and readily applicable to a variety of clinical trial scenarios.
Characterization of microstructures and reaction mechanisms of Tröger's base polymers of intrinsic microporosity
Authors: Gies Anthony P. , Hefner Robert E. , Rau Nathan J. , Mukhopadhyay Sukrit , Reyes Jeremy Chris P. , Herceg Eldad 
Published: December 2019

RationaleTröger's base polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are receiving increasing attention for applications such as polymer molecular sieve membranes. Development of novel membrane materials requires microstructure analysis in order to overcome processing and applications challenges. This study aims to address these challenges and overcome some of the solubility/aggregation issues that hinder the analysis of these materials.MethodsA combination of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and collision‐induced dissociation was used to examine the reaction products of unfunctionalized Tröger's base PIMs.ResultsEnhanced data mining, using ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry and statistical analysis, yielded a wealth of information on the molecular mass, chemical connectivity, and end groups of species generated during synthesis. Modifications of interest include N‐methyl, N‐methanimine, N‐formyl, and N‐methylol end‐capping moieties, as well as incomplete backbone methanodiazocine rings with missing bridging methylene linkages. Most importantly, a general fragmentation mechanism, supported by computational modeling, was developed to assist in the rapid identification of main‐chain and end‐group modifications in Tröger's base PIMs.ConclusionsUnfunctionalized Tröger's base polymers were selected as a model system, to thoroughly study their end‐group modification chemistry. This model system could then be used to gain insights into complex hydroxy‐functional PIM materials.
Systematic identification of compounds in Macleaya microcarpa by high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry combined with mass spectral fragmentation behavior of Macleaya alkaloids
Authors: Lin Li , Li Xiao‐Ying , Liu Sha‐Sha , Qing Zhi‐Xing , Liu Xiu‐Bin , Zeng Jian‐Guo , Liu Zhao‐Ying 
Published: December 2019

RationaleMacleaya microcarpa (Maxim.) Fedde belongs to the genus Macleaya of the Papaveraceae family. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are considered the main bioactive constituents of M. microcarpa.MethodsUsing high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/QTOFMS/MS) we identified BIAs in the aerial parts of M. microcarpa in the early flowering stage. Target profiling and identification of BIAs in the extracted samples from the fresh aerial parts of M. microcarpa were exclusively based on a personal, accurate, mass database of known compounds and the mass spectral fragmentation behavior of Macleaya alkaloids.ResultsA total of 97 alkaloids, comprising 7 benzyltetrahydroisoquinolines, 1aporphine, 9 tetraprotoberberines, 3 protoberberines, 2 N‐methyltetrahydroprotoberberines, 4 protopines, 47 dihydrobenzophenanthridines, and 24 benzophenanthridines, were identified from the fresh aerial parts of M. microcarpa, and 77 of these were detected for the first time in M. microcarpa. In addition, some of the screened alkaloids were related to the biosynthetic pathways of sanguinarine and chelerythrine.ConclusionsThe integrated method is sensitive and reliable for screening and identifying trace or ultra‐trace isoquinoline alkaloids and has contributed to a better understanding of BIAs in the fresh aerial parts of M. microcarpa.
In‐Plane Direct‐Write Assembly of Iridescent Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Tan Alvin T. L. , Nagelberg Sara , Chang‐Davidson Elizabeth , Tan Joel , Yang Joel K. W. , Kolle Mathias , Hart A. John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaterials made by directed self‐assembly of colloids can exhibit a rich spectrum of optical phenomena, including photonic bandgaps, coherent scattering, collective plasmonic resonance, and wave guiding. The assembly of colloidal particles with spatial selectivity is critical for studying these phenomena and for practical device fabrication. While there are well‐established techniques for patterning colloidal crystals, these often require multiple steps including the fabrication of a physical template for masking, etching, stamping, or directing dewetting. Here, the direct‐writing of colloidal suspensions is presented as a technique for fabrication of iridescent colloidal crystals in arbitrary 2D patterns. Leveraging the principles of convective assembly, the process can be optimized for high writing speeds (≈600 µm s−1) at mild process temperature (30 °C) while maintaining long‐range (cm‐scale) order in the colloidal crystals. The crystals exhibit structural color by grating diffraction, and analysis of diffraction allows particle size, relative grain size, and grain orientation to be deduced. The effect of write trajectory on particle ordering is discussed and insights for developing 3D printing techniques for colloidal crystals via layer‐wise printing and sintering are provided.