bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Manosphere. Die Rolle von digitalen Gemeinschaften und regressiven Bewegungsdynamiken für on- und offline Antifeminismus
Authors: Rothermel Ann-Kathrin 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die sogenannte Manosphere – eine digitale Gemeinschaft, die sich hauptsächlich durch misogyne und antifeministische Beiträge und Ideologien auszeichnet – ist aufgrund ihrer Verbindung zu verschiedenen Terroranschlägen in der letzten Zeit verstärkt in das Blickfeld der Medien gelangt. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die bislang häufig vernachlässigte Rolle digitaler Räume und Netzwerke im Kontext regressiver, frauenfeindlicher Ideologien und daraus erwachsende gewalttätige antifeministische Handlungsrepertoires aus Perspektive der Bewegungsforschung. Am Beispiel der Manosphere auf der Plattform Reddit zeige ich, wie durch das Zusammenspiel zwischen technologischer Infrastruktur und regressiver Ideologie die Grundlage für die Mobilisierung und Sozialisierung in antifeministische Bewegungskulturen mit gewalttätigen Handlungsrepertoires on- und offline geschaffen wird.
Spatial organization enhances versatility and specificity in cyclic di-GMP signaling
Authors: Kunz Sandra , Graumann Peter L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe second messenger cyclic di-GMP regulates a variety of processes in bacteria, many of which are centered around the decision whether to adopt a sessile or a motile life style. Regulatory circuits include pathogenicity, biofilm formation, and motility in a wide variety of bacteria, and play a key role in cell cycle progression inCaulobacter crescentus. Interestingly, multiple, seemingly independent c-di-GMP pathways have been found in several species, where deletions of individual c-di-GMP synthetases (DGCs) or hydrolases (PDEs) have resulted in distinct phenotypes that would not be expected based on a freely diffusible second messenger. Several recent studies have shown that individual signaling nodes exist, and additionally, that protein/protein interactions between DGCs, PDEs and c-di-GMP receptors play an important role in signaling specificity. Additionally, subcellular clustering has been shown to be employed by bacteria to likely generate local signaling of second messenger, and/or to increase signaling specificity. This review highlights recent findings that reveal how bacteria employ spatial cues to increase the versatility of second messenger signaling.
A new type of pubertal height reference based on growth aligned for onset of pubertal growth
Authors: Albertsson-Wikland Kerstin G. , Niklasson Aimon , Holmgren Anton , Gelander Lars , Nierop Andreas F.M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Growth references of today traditionally describe growth in relation to chronological age. Despite the broad variation in age of pubertal maturation, references related to biological age are lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we aimed to develop a new type of pubertal height reference for improved growth evaluation during puberty, considering individual variation in pubertal timing.

Methods
Longitudinal length/height measures were obtained from birth to adult height in 1,572 healthy Swedish children (763 girls) born at term ∼1990 to nonsmoking mothers and Nordic parents, a subgroup of GrowUp1990Gothenburg cohort. A total height reference was constructed from Quadratic-Exponential-Puberty-Stop (QEPS)-function-estimated heights from individual height curves that had been aligned for time/age at onset of pubertal growth (5% of P-function growth). References that separated growth into specific pubertal heightSDS (P-function growth) and basic heightSDS (QES-function growth) were also generated.

Results
References (cm and SDS) are presented for total height, and height subdivided into that specific to puberty and to basic growth arising independently of puberty. The usefulness of the new pubertal growth reference was explored by identifying differences in the underlying growth functions that translate into differences in pubertal height gain for children of varying body mass, height, and with different pubertal timings.

Conclusions
A new type of height reference allowing alignment of individual growth curves, based on the timing of the pubertal growth spurt was developed using QEPS-model functions. This represents a paradigm shift in pubertal growth research and growth monitoring during the adolescent period.
Severe diabetic ketoacidosis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in a teenage patient with newly diagnosed diabetes
Authors: Rabizadeh Soghra , Hajmiri Minoosadat , Rajab Armin , Emadi Kouchak Hamid , Nakhjavani Manouchehr 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Recently, World Health Organization has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection a pandemic. Patients with diabetes may be at an increased risk of developing COVID-19 infection, as well as increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Although the current data have shown that the coronavirus infection generally has a milder course in children.

Case presentation
In this case report, we present a teenage patient with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as the first manifestation of his diabetes and COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions
He was treated for DKA and COVID-19 infection, and fortunately, had a good response to the treatment.
Nonlinear boundary value problems for mixed-type fractional equations and Ulam-Hyers stability
Authors: Wang Huiwen , Li Fang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, we discuss the nonlinear boundary value problems involving both left Riemann-Liouville and right Caputo-type fractional derivatives. By using some new techniques and properties of the Mittag-Leffler functions, we introduce a formula of the solutions for the aforementioned problems, which can be regarded as a novelty item. Moreover, we obtain the existence result of solutions for the aforementioned problems and present the Ulam-Hyers stability of the fractional differential equation involving two different fractional derivatives. An example is given to illustrate our theoretical result.
Hybrid treatment of fibroadipose vascular anomaly: A case report
Authors: Stillo Francesco , Ruggiero Federica , De Fiores Antonio , Compagna Rita , Amato Bruno 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
First identified in 2014, fibroadipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a very rare type of venous and lymphatic malformation. Marked by tough fibrofatty tissue in the extremities overtaking portions of the muscles, it is associated with constant pain and contracture of the affected extremity. There is a paucity of literature, and no guidelines on treatment procedure are available. This case highlights the role of hybrid treatment with primary ethanol percutaneous ethanol embolization and additional surgery for radicality in excision of FAVA lesions.

Case summary
A 9-year-old girl with FAVA underwent the hybrid treatment. The achievements of complete excision, clinical response, and patient satisfaction in long-term follow-up were assessed. Following the hybrid treatment, the patient experienced significant improvement in pain. Concurrent symptoms of physical limitation, leg swelling, and skin hyperesthesia also improved. The clinical benefit, supported by postoperative physiotherapy, was well stabilized at 6-month follow-up, resulting in complete patient satisfaction at 12- and 36-month follow-ups. No major complications were encountered.

Conclusion
Ethanol embolization plus surgery is a safe, effective, and long-term hybrid treatment of symptomatic FAVA lesions.
Solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector based on vertically aligned single-crystalline β-Ga2O3 nanowire arrays
Authors: Zhang Liying , Xiu Xiangqian , Li Yuewen , Zhu Yuxia , Hua Xuemei , Xie Zili , Tao Tao , Liu Bin , Chen Peng , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Vertically aligned nanowire arrays, with high surface-to-volume ratio and efficient light-trapping absorption, have attracted much attention for photoelectric devices. In this paper, vertical β-Ga2O3 nanowire arrays with an average diameter/height of 110/450 nm have been fabricated by the inductively coupled plasma etching technique. Then a metal-semiconductor-metal structured solar-blind photodetector (PD) has been fabricated by depositing interdigital Ti/Au electrodes on the nanowire arrays. The fabricated β-Ga2O3 nanowire PD exhibits ∼10 times higher photocurrent and responsivity than the corresponding film PD. Moreover, it also possesses a high photocurrent to dark current ratio (I
light/I
dark) of ∼104 and a ultraviolet/visible rejection ratio (R
260 nm/R
400 nm) of 3.5 × 103 along with millisecond-level photoresponse times.
Polaritonic Tamm states induced by cavity photons
Authors: Downing Charles A. , Martín-Moreno Luis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider a periodic chain of oscillating dipoles, interacting via long-range dipole–dipole interactions, embedded inside a cuboid cavity waveguide. We show that the mixing between the dipolar excitations and cavity photons into polaritons can lead to the appearance of new states localized at the ends of the dipolar chain, which are reminiscent of Tamm surface states found in electronic systems. A crucial requirement for the formation of polaritonic Tamm states is that the cavity cross section is above a critical size. Above this threshold, the degree of localization of the Tamm states is highly dependent on the cavity size since their participation ratio scales linearly with the cavity cross-sectional area. Our findings may be important for quantum confinement effects in one-dimensional systems with strong light–matter coupling.
Harnessing host–guest interactions to control structure at the nanoscale
Authors: Śliwa Marta , Stephens Benjamin O. , Zhang Zhe , Kempa Thomas J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Host–guest interactions mediate many chemical and biochemical transformations and are extensively exploited in a number of industrially-relevant chemical processes. Many porous inorganic (e.g., zeolite) and molecular (e.g., metal-organic framework) hosts engage reagents in their environment through selective host–guest interactions. While researchers frequently capitalize on host–guest interactions to sequester chemical species or to catalyze reactions, these interactions can also be used to direct nanomaterial synthesis. In this Perspective we highlight the promise and opportunities for harnessing host–guest interactions to control the structure and dimensionality of materials. We focus our discussion on emerging strategies in soft chemistry and promising new directions which use porous ionic solids to direct the growth of complex nanoscale dimers and Janus nanoparticles.
Collocational semiosis in the academic discourse of the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): The case of AFRICA
Authors: Salama Amir H.Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the collocation-induced semiosis of the linguistic sign AFRICA as being used in the academic section of the Corpus of Contemporary American English (known as COCA) (Davies, Mark. 2008. The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): one billion words, 1990-present. Available online athttps://corpus.byu.edu/coca/). Drawing on a hybrid theoretical framework, the study utilizes Charles Peirce’s (1931–58) semiotic model of the sign and Roman Jakobson’s theory of “markedness” (Jakobson, Roman. 1972. Verbal communication. Scientific American (Special Issue, September 1). 73–80) as well as Stuart Hall’s treatment of “code” (Hall, Stuart. 1980. Encoding/decoding. In Stuart Hall, Doothy Hobson, Andrew Lowe, & Paul Willis (eds.), Culture, media, language: Working papers in cultural studies, 1972–79, 117–127. New York: Routledge) and John Swales’ notion of “discourse community” (Swales, John M. 1990. Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). The study empirically tests the hypothesis that, in a given discourse domain, the relevant interpretant can decode a linguistic sign (representamen) in the co-text of its marked collocates in a way that is collocationally used via the two modes of iconic and indexical signification. The concordance-based analysis conducted in the present study offers two findings, theoretical and practical. First, the study proposes the theoretical concept ofcollocational semiosisas one way of methodologically integrating the study of collocation into a structural-linguistic analytic framework that richly intersects with the genre-based notion of “discourse community.” Second, in the academic discourse community of the COCA, to the expert interpretant, the representamen AFRICA has been decoded due to its marked collocates which have been technically used in two modes of signification, viz. iconic and indexical.
La evolución de la imagen de rol social familiar a través de la modulación pragmática de los actos de habla directivos en el teatro de los siglos XIX y XX. Estudio de la atenuación e intensificación en los roles de padre, madre e hijo
Authors: Ruiz Marta Gancedo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the evolution of the family role face – specifically, the roles of father, mother and child – in a concrete period of the Spanish social history -from the end of 19th century to the 1960s. To achieve this goal, a corpus of theater plays is analyzed from a functional and pragmalinguistic perspective in a socio-historical context. The focus is on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the projection of role face in the expression of directive speech acts and their possible modulation through two pragmatic strategies: mitigation and intensification. Based on the results of the analysis, a sociopragmatic interpretation is carried out by identifying the connection between the choice of pragmalinguistic strategies and the need of the speakers’ autonomy face and affiliation face in different roles as family member in the given period. The results point to a progressive solidarity in father-child relationships during this period. On the one hand, that is based on the erosion of the authoritarian component of parental roles. On the other hand, it is anchored in the consolidation of proximity, closeness (‘confianza’) and affectivity. From a methodological point of view, the present study confirms the possibility of characterizing a sociopragmatic aspect (role face) on the basis of pragmalinguistic elements, i.e. the linguistic expression of directive speech acts, and its modulation through mitigation and intensification.
IRF8 is crucial for the nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia in mice
Authors: Guo Lina , Zhang Yang , Wang Jinping , Qi Yingying , Zhang Zongwang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. However, whether and how IRF8 can regulate the nicotine withdrawal (NTW)-induced hyperalgesia has not been clarified.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice were randomized and injected subcutaneously with saline (Control) or nicotine (3 mg/kg) three times per day for 7 consecutive days, followed by injection with mecamylamine to induce NTW. Their paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs) were measured, and the relative levels of IRF8 expression in the spinal cord tissues were determined longitudinally by western blot. The numbers of IRF8+ cells in the spinal cord tissues were examined. In addition, the NTW mice were randomized and infused intrathecally with vehicle saline (NS), control lentivirus or lentivirus for the expression of IRF8-specific shRNA for three days. Their PWLs, microglia activation, IRF8 and P2X4R and BDNF expression in the spinal cord tissues were determined.

Results
In comparison with the Control mice, the NTW significantly decreased the PWLs but increased the relative levels of IRF8 expression and the numbers of IRF8+ cells in the spinal cord tissues of mice. IRF8-silencing significantly mitigated the NTW-decreased PWLs and attenuated the NTW-enhanced microglia activation and P2X4R and BDNF expression in the spinal cord tissues of mice.

Conclusions
Spinal IRF8 is crucial for the NTW-induced hyperalgesia by enhancing microglia activation and spinal P2X4R and BDNF expression in mice. The IRF8/P2X4R/BDNF axis may be potential therapeutic targets for postoperative pain of smokers.
Chronic neurological diseases and COVID-19: Associations and considerations
Authors: Meshkat Shakila , Salimi Amir , Joshaghanian Asef , Sedighi Sogol , Sedighi Saman , Aghamollaii Vajiheh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (COVID-19), has been a worldwide urgent public health threat, resulting in six-hundred seventy thousand deaths to date. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a series of public health challenges. One such challenge is the management of diseases such as chronic neurological diseases during an epidemic event. COVID-19 affects all kinds of people, including older people with chronic underlying diseases, who are particularly at risk of severe infection or even death. Chronic neurological diseases such as epilepsy, dementia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are frequently associated with comorbidities; thus, these patients are in the high-risk category. Therefore, in this article, we review associations and challenges the people with epilepsy, dementia, PD, and MS faces during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest approaches to provide consensus recommendations on how to provide the best possible care.
Fracture Mechanics and Fractography Investigations of Crack Initiation for Two Steels
Authors: Hollstein T. , Blauel J. G. 
Published: September 2020

Values of the fracture toughness KIc and the elastic-plastic toughness parameter Ji or KJi were determined for a medium-strength pressure-vessel steel (Type 22Ni-Mo-Cr3 7-SW similar to A508 Class 2) and a high-strength quenched and tempered steel 30Cr-Ni-Mo8 following the rules of ASTM Test for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials (E 399-81) and ASTM Test for JIc, a Measure of Fracture Toughness (E 813-81). Proportional wedge-open-loaded X-type (WOL X) specimens with thicknesses 25, SO, 100, and 200 mm and compact (C) specimens with thicknesses 20, 40, and 80 mm were tested. This allowed for both cases to cover a wide range of toughness and temperature in which the results from specimens of different sizes and different evaluation procedures could be compared.A single specimen J-evaluation procedure was developed and checked by compliance calibration experiments, and onset of stable crack growth was registered by a d-c potential method and interrupted loading tests. The linear elastic fracture toughness KIc (T)-curve from large specimens for both materials is in agreement with the KJi (T)-curve from small specimens up to a level of about 150 MN/m3/2.Extensive scanning electron microscope investigations of the failure phenomena at the crack front showed that for all specimens of one steel tested at a given temperature. the width Δs of the stretched zone is about the same and is proportional to the square of the critical stress-intensity factor. This is true all through the transition regime and it is there where Δs seems to be the controlling parameter for fracture initiation regardless whether the subsequent fracture is of cleavage type, is stable crack growth followed by cleavage, or is fully stable crack growth. The equality of the toughness parameters KIc and KJi can then be expected.
Fracture Mechanics of PGX Graphite
Authors: Ho F. H. , Vollman R. E. , Cull A. D. 
Published: September 2020

Fracture mechanics tests were performed on grade PGX graphite. A compact tension (CT) specimen configuration that yields consistent values of the opening mode critical stress-intensity factor KIc was designed. For the calculation of the fracture toughness and crack growth rate the concept of the effective crack length is used. It corresponds to the crack length of a machined notched specimen with the same compliance.
Fracture toughness testing was performed in two environments, air and helium, all at room temperature. The critical stress-intensity factor, KIc, is calculated based on the maximum load and the effective crack length. With grain KIc was found to be 0.91 and 1.04 MPa · m1/2 with the applied stress field perpendicular to and parallel to the grain direction, respectively. The in-helium values are about 10 percent higher than the in-air values.
The fatigue crack growth test was performed in air only. A “break-in” period was observed for the machined notch to develop into a naturally occurring crack path. Half of the fatigue life was spent in this period. The average KI at the end of this period is about the same as obtained in the fracture toughness test. This is followed by a stable crack growth period. In the log-log plot of the crack growth rate versus the stress-intensity factor a very steep slope is found.
The onset of the rapid crack propagation starts at approximately 90 percent of the fatigue life. The corresponding KI values are 0.97 and 1.12 MPa · m1/2 for stresses applied perpendicular to and parallel to the grain direction respectively. They are about 8 percent higher than the KIc values.
Longitudinal Changes in Early Nasal Microbiota and the Risk of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Toivonen Laura , Karppinen Sinikka , Schuez-Havupalo Linnea , Waris Matti , He Qiushui , Hoffman Kristi L. , Petrosino Joseph F. , Dumas Orianne , Camargo Carlos A. , Hasegawa Kohei , Peltola Ville 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Although the airway microbiota is a highly dynamic ecology, the role of longitudinal changes in airway microbiota during early childhood in asthma development is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of longitudinal changes in early nasal microbiota with the risk of developing asthma.

METHODS:
In this prospective, population-based birth cohort study, we followed children from birth to age 7 years. The nasal microbiota was tested by using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing at ages 2, 13, and 24 months. We applied an unsupervised machine learning approach to identify longitudinal nasal microbiota profiles during age 2 to 13 months (the primary exposure) and during age 2 to 24 months (the secondary exposure) and examined the association of these profiles with the risk of physician-diagnosed asthma at age 7 years.

RESULTS:
Of the analytic cohort of 704 children, 57 (8%) later developed asthma. We identified 4 distinct longitudinal nasal microbiota profiles during age 2 to 13 months. In the multivariable analysis, compared with the persistent Moraxella dominance profile during age 2 to 13 months, the persistent Moraxella sparsity profile was associated with a significantly higher risk of asthma (adjusted odds ratio, 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–6.27). Similar associations were observed between the longitudinal changes in nasal microbiota during age 2 to 24 months and risk of asthma.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children with an altered longitudinal pattern in the nasal microbiota during early childhood had a high risk of developing asthma. Our data guide the development of primary prevention strategies (eg, early identification of children at high risk and modification of microbiota) for childhood asthma. These observations present a new avenue for risk modification for asthma (eg, microbiota modification).