bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of tank car testing for dangerous cargoes transportation
Authors: Kelrykh M , Fomin O , Gerlici J , Prokopenko P , Kravchenko K , Lack T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The experience of the operation of rail transport shows that a significant part of emergency situations with significant negative environmental consequences are related to tank cars carrying liquid goods of a wide range, including liquefied gas, petroleum products, concentrated acids, toxic and explosive products of chemical origin. The article presents the peculiarities and result of carrying out of the corresponding tests. In order to address the question of the possibility of further safe operation of tank cars in the over-term period, their technical diagnostics and control tests are carried out. In this case, the control of the technical condition includes visual inspection of the tank wagon, measurements of the thickness of the metal at the control points of the boiler and the frame of the car, conducting of the magnetopowder, ultrasonic and acoustic emission control of the bearing metal constructions. Control tests include static vertical load tests, test for a low cyclic load by boiler pressure, typical, resource shock tests, and possible emergencies testing.
Price impact on acoustic comfort of a washing machine
Authors: Zvolensky P , Lestinsky L , Dungel J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article is focused on price impact on acoustic comfort of a washing machine. In the article is comparison of various washing machines price maximum rpm and acoustic power. Next article is focused on experiments how unbalance in a washing machine tub affect maximum rpm and how maximum rpm affect overall noise of various washing machines.
Synthesis of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) by combustion with different concentrations of glycine
Authors: Kaufmann Junior C G , Zampiva R Y S , Alves A K , Bergmann C P , Giorgini L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Among the wide range of applications of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4), its usage for the manufacturing of modern electronic devices such as solar panels, capacitors and batteries has been studied' lately. Hence, solar-powered vehicles, which strongly rely their performance on energy efficient electronics, is a sector that could particularly benefit from enhanced applications of such material. In this work, the synthesis of Cobalt Ferrite was studied by means of Solution Combustion Synthesis (SCS) using iron nitrate nonahydrate and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate as precursors, and glycine as fuel. The nitrates were dissolved in distilled water and placed under stirring and heating for 5 minutes; when the temperature reached 60°C, glycine was added; after complete homogenization, the solution was placed in an electric oven (400°C) until complete combustion (approximately 15 minutes). Three syntheses were carried out using different concentrations of fuel: lean, stoichiometric and rich. The product crystallite size and composition were investigated in order to determine the influence of the fuel concentration on the structure of the produced cobalt ferrite.
Piezoelectric PVDF sensor as a reliable device for strain/load monitoring of engineering structures
Authors: Fotouhi S , Akrami R , Ferreira-Green K , Naser G A M , Fotouhi M , Fragassa C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the potential of PVDF (polyvinyldiene fluoride) piezoelectric polymer material as a strain/load sensor for engineering structures. The PVDF sensor can be made in any shape/size and are flexible. In addition, the PVDF sensor is passive and offers the advantage of requiring no power to function. PVDF sensors were bonded to an aluminum specimen representative of an engineering structure and the voltage output of the PVDF sensors was found to vary linearly with the applied tensile load. This paper evaluates the possibility to make develop cheap, reliable and efficient sensors for structural health monitoring of engineering structures.
The Changing Epidemiology of Candidemia in the United States: Injection Drug Use as an Increasingly Common Risk Factor—Active Surveillance in Selected Sites, United States, 2014–2017
Authors: Zhang Alexia Y , Shrum Sarah , Williams Sabrina , Petnic Sarah , Nadle Joelle , Johnston Helen , Barter Devra , Vonbank Brittany , Bonner Lindsay , Hollick Rosemary , Marceaux Kaytlynn , Harrison Lee , Schaffner William , Tesini Brenda L , Farley Monica M , Pierce Rebecca A , Phipps Erin , Mody Rajal K , Chiller Tom M , Jackson Brendan R , Vallabhaneni Snigdha 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Injection drug use (IDU) is a known, but infrequent risk factor on candidemia; however, the opioid epidemic and increases in IDU may be changing the epidemiology of candidemia.

Methods
Active population-based surveillance for candidemia was conducted in selected US counties. Cases of candidemia were categorized as IDU cases if IDU was indicated in the medical records in the 12 months prior to the date of initial culture.

Results
During 2017, 1191 candidemia cases were identified in patients aged &gt;12 years (incidence: 6.9 per 100 000 population); 128 (10.7%) had IDU history, and this proportion was especially high (34.6%) in patients with candidemia aged 19–44. Patients with candidemia and IDU history were younger than those without (median age, 35 vs 63 years; P &lt; .001). Candidemia cases involving recent IDU were less likely to have typical risk factors including malignancy (7.0% vs 29.4%; relative risk [RR], 0.2 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .1–.5]), abdominal surgery (3.9% vs 17.5%; RR, 0.2 [95% CI, .09–.5]), and total parenteral nutrition (3.9% vs 22.5%; RR, 0.2 [95% CI, .07–.4]). Candidemia cases with IDU occurred more commonly in smokers (68.8% vs 18.5%; RR, 3.7 [95% CI, 3.1–4.4]), those with hepatitis C (54.7% vs 6.4%; RR, 8.5 [95% CI, 6.5–11.3]), and in people who were homeless (13.3% vs 0.8%; RR, 15.7 [95% CI, 7.1–34.5]).

Conclusions
Clinicians should consider injection drug use as a risk factor in patients with candidemia who lack typical candidemia risk factors, especially in those with who are 19–44 years of age and have community-associated candidemia.
Early Vaccination With Bacille Calmette-Guérin-Denmark or BCG-Japan Versus BCG-Russia to Healthy Newborns in Guinea-Bissau: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schaltz-Buchholzer Frederik , Bjerregaard-Andersen Morten , Øland Christian Bjerregård , Golding Christian , Stjernholm Elise Brenno , Monteiro Ivan , Aaby Peter , Benn Christine Stabell 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains a cornerstone against tuberculosis. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that BCG-Denmark lowers all-cause mortality, but a recent RCT found no effect of BCG-Russia. Observational studies indicate that the genetically divergent BCG strains have different effects.

Methods
This was a parallel-group, open-label RCT conducted at the National Hospital in Guinea-Bissau. Healthy neonates were randomized 1:1 to BCG-Denmark (2851 randomized, 2840 analyzed) vs BCG-Russia (2845 randomized, 2837 analyzed). We hypothesized that BCG-Denmark would reduce morbidity (primary outcome) and mortality while inducing more BCG reactions and purified protein derivative (PPD) responses (secondary outcomes). Halfway through the trial, production of BCG-Denmark was halted, and the trial continued comparing BCG-Japan (3191 neonates randomized, 3184 analyzed) with BCG-Russia (3170 randomized, 3160 analyzed). Mortality and morbidity data were collected by telephone, at home visits, and at the National Hospital and assessed in Cox models providing 6-week mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and hospitalization incidence rate ratios (IRRs).

Results
By age 6 weeks, there were 140 and 130 admissions among neonates vaccinated with BCG-Denmark and BCG-Russia, respectively (IRR, 1.08 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .84–1.37]). For BCG-Japan, there were 185 admissions vs 161 admissions for BCG-Russia (IRR, 1.15 [95% CI, .93–1.43]). The 6-week mortality did not differ: BCG-Denmark/BCG-Russia (MRR, 1.15 [95% CI, .74–1.80]); BCG-Japan/BCG-Russia (MRR, 0.71 [95% CI, .43–1.19]). BCG-Denmark and BCG-Japan induced more BCG scars and PPD reactions than BCG-Russia.

Conclusions
BCG strains did not affect morbidity. BCG-Denmark and BCG-Japan were more immunogenic than BCG-Russia by the measures traditionally viewed as surrogates for successful immunization. The implications of strain differences for tuberculosis protection and overall health warrant further study.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02447536.
Effect of alirocumab on cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndromes according to age: an ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial analysis
Authors: Sinnaeve Peter R , Schwartz Gregory G , Wojdyla Daniel M , Alings Marco , Bhatt Deepak L , Bittner Vera A , Chiang Chern-En , Correa Flores Roger M , Diaz Rafael , Dorobantu Maria , Goodman Shaun G , Jukema J Wouter , Kim Yong-Un , Pordy Robert , Roe Matthew T , Sy Rody G , Szarek Michael , White Harvey D , Zeiher Andreas M , Steg Ph Gabriel ,   for the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Investigators
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aims
Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduces cardiovascular risk irrespective of age, but the evidence is less strong for older patients.

Methods and results
This prespecified analysis from ODYSSEY OUTCOMES compared the effect of alirocumab vs. placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) according to age. We examined the effect of assigned treatment on occurrence of the primary study outcome, a composite of coronary heart disease death, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization [major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE)] and all-cause death. Relative risk reductions were consistent for patients ≥65 vs. &lt;65 years for MACE [hazard ratio (HR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.91 vs. 0.89, 0.80–1.00; P interaction = 0.19] and all-cause death [HR 0.77, 0.62–0.95 vs. 0.94, 0.77–1.15; P interaction = 0.46], and consistent for MACE when dichotomizing at age 75 years (HR 0.85, 0.64–1.13 in ≥75 vs. 0.85, 0.78–0.93 in &lt;75, P interaction = 0.19). When considering age as a continuous variable in regression models, advancing age increased risk of MACE, as well as the absolute reduction in MACE with alirocumab, with numbers-needed-to-treat for MACE at 3 years of 43 (25–186) at age 45 years, 26 (15–97) at age 75 years, and 12 (6–81) for those at age 85 years. Although adverse events were more frequent in older patients, there were no differences between alirocumab and placebo.

Conclusion
In patients with recent ACS, alirocumab improves outcomes irrespective of age. Increasing absolute benefit but not harm with advancing age suggests that LDL-C lowering is an important preventive intervention for older patients after ACS.
Extended latissimus dorsi chimeric thoracoplasty with a vascular supercharge for Aspergillus empyema
Authors: Shimomura Masanori , Sowa Yoshihiro , Yamochi Ryo , Inoue Masayoshi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles are available for reconstruction coverage of thoracic defects. We performed extended latissimus dorsi-serratus anterior chimeric thoraco-myoplasty with a vascular supercharge to maintain sufficient blood supply to the flaps because of a deficiency in the distal blood flow to the flap revealed by an intravenous injection of indocyanine green and simultaneous endobronchial embolization for refractory Aspergillus empyema.
Informing Lexicographic Choices Through Corpus and Perceptual Data
Authors: Nelson Kyra 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lexicographers make many choices when compiling dictionary entries. Data-driven approaches can better inform such decisions. This paper proposes integration of two such sources, corpus data and perceptual survey data. A survey was distributed to 100 native speakers of English. Participants were asked to provide a definition and example sentence for 18 polysemous English words. After providing definitions, participants were presented with five definitions and asked to rank them by importance. Patterns in the rankings were analyzed to see what factors predicted higher ratings. Frequency was found to predict rankings, while concreteness was also shown to be moderate a predictor and have a potentially strong effect on certain words. Part of speech was not found to be a significant predictor of rank. Results suggest that crowdsourcing may be useful for certain linguistic tasks and that both corpus and perceptual data can be useful in making lexicographic choices.
Growth Rate of Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of Parasite Growth Data from Malaria Volunteer Infection Studies
Authors: Wockner Leesa F , Hoffmann Isabell , Webb Lachlan , Mordmüller Benjamin , Murphy Sean C , Kublin James G , O’Rourke Peter , McCarthy James S , Marquart Louise 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Growth rate of malaria parasites in the blood of infected subjects is an important measure of efficacy of drugs and vaccines.

Methods
We used log-linear and sine-wave models to estimate the parasite growth rate of the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum using data from 177 subjects from 14 induced blood stage malaria (IBSM) studies conducted at QIMR Berghofer. We estimated parasite multiplication rate per 48 hour (PMR48), PMR per life-cycle (PMRLC), and parasite life-cycle duration. We compared these parameters to those from studies conducted elsewhere with infections induced by IBSM (n=66), sporozoites via mosquito bite (n=336) or injection (n=51).

Results
The parasite growth rate of 3D7 in QIMR Berghofer studies was 0.75/day (95% CI: 0.73–0.77/day), PMR48 was 31.9 (95% CI: 28.7–35.4), PMRLC was 16.4 (95% CI: 15.1–17.8) and parasite life-cycle was 38.8 hour (95% CI: 38.3–39.2 hour). These parameters were similar to estimates from IBSM studies elsewhere (0.71/day, 95% CI: 0.67–0.75/day; PMR48 26.6, 95% CI: 22.2–31.8), but significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in sporozoite studies (0.47/day, 95% CI: 0.43–0.50/day; PMR48 8.6, 95% CI: 7.3–10.1).

Conclusion
Parasite growth rates were similar across different IBSM studies and higher than infections induced by sporozoite.
Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Quantitation of Monobutylphthalate, a Metabolite of Di-n-Butylphthalate, in Rat Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Fetuses and Pups by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Silinski Melanie A Rehder , Fernando Reshan A , Robinson Veronica G , Waidyanatha Suramya 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Phthalates have been used for decades as softening agents in the production of plastics, but in recent years have been extensively investigated for their potential hazards to human health and the environment. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), with widespread exposure occurring through a variety of consumer products such as cosmetics and pesticides, is a suspected carcinogen and an endocrine system disruptor in both humans and laboratory animals. Its predominant metabolite is the monoester, monobutyl phthalate (MBP), which can serve as a marker of exposure. To support toxicological studies of DBP in pregnant and lactating rats and their offspring, a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantitation of MBP in rat plasma, amniotic fluid, fetuses and whole pup samples. Plasma samples were extracted using a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Extraction and delipidation of pup homogenate was performed using acetonitrile and then submerging the vials in liquid nitrogen. Extracts were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS in the negative ion mode. The method was successfully validated over the concentration ranges 25–5,000 ng/mL in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rat plasma and 50–5,000 ng/g in SD pup homogenate. Matrix calibration curves were linear (r ≥ 0.99), and the percent relative error (%RE) values were ≤ ±15% for standards at all levels. Absolute recoveries were &gt; 92% in both matrices. The limits of detection (LODs) were 6.9 ng/mL in plasma and 9.4 ng/g in pup homogenate. Acceptable intra- and interday accuracy and precision were demonstrated by mean %RE ≤ ±7.5 and relative standard deviation (%RSD) ≤ 10.1%. Extract stability was demonstrated for ~6 days at various temperatures and freeze–thaw stability was demonstrated after 3 cycles over 3 days. Secondary matrix evaluation was performed for MBP in amniotic fluid and pooled fetus homogenate (mean %RE ≤ ±11.5 and %RSD ≤ 13.7). These data demonstrate that this simple method is suitable for determination of MBP in plasma, amniotic fluid, fetus and pup samples from toxicological studies of DBP.
Demography of the salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris halicoetes) and associated rodents in tidal and managed wetlands
Authors: Smith Katherine R , Barthman-Thompson Laureen M , Estrella Sarah K , Riley Melissa K , Trombley Sadie N , Rose Candice A , Kelt Douglas A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Suisun Marsh (Solano County, California) is the largest contiguous marsh remaining on the West Coast of the United States, and makes up approximately 10% of the wetlands remaining in the San Francisco Estuary. Suisun Marsh has been safeguarded from development through the operation of over 100 privately owned waterfowl hunting clubs, which manage for diked waterfowl habitat. However, this management—and the subsequent loss of tidal influence—has been considered harmful for some species, including the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (SMHM; Reithrodontomys raviventris). To determine the value of tidal wetlands relative to those managed for waterfowl, we performed periodic surveys for rodents in managed and tidal wetlands over 5 years, and used capture-mark-recapture analyses to estimate demographic parameters and abundance for the three most common rodents—the northern SMHM (R. r. halicoetes), the western harvest mouse (a sympatric native species; R. megalotis, WHM), and the house mouse (a sympatric invasive species; Mus musculus). Wetland type had no effect on detection, temporary emigration, or survival for any of these species. However, fecundity and population growth for all three species were affected by an interaction of season and wetland type, although none of these parameters was consistently superior in either habitat type. Estimated abundance of SMHM and Mus was similar in both wetland types, whereas WHM were more abundant in managed wetlands. Salt marsh harvest mice also showed no affinity for any microhabitat characteristics associated with tidal wetlands. Managed wetlands in Suisun Marsh support SMHM and Mus equally, and abundances of WHM were greater than in tidal wetlands, suggesting managed wetlands may be superior in terms of supporting native rodents. As climate change and sea level rise are predicted to threaten coastal marshes, these results suggest the recovery strategy for SMHM could incorporate managed wetlands.
Multilevel regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in plants: where old roads and new paths meet
Authors: Afrin Taiaba , Diwan Danish , Sahawneh Katrina , Pajerowska-Mukhtar Karolina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe sessile lifestyle of plants requires them to cope with a multitude of stresses in situ. In response to diverse environmental and intracellular cues, plant cells respond by massive reprogramming of transcription and translation of stress response regulators, many of which rely on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) processing. This increased protein synthesis could exceed the capacity of precise protein quality control, leading to the accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins that triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). Such cellular stress responses are multilayered and executed in different cellular compartments. Here, we will discuss the three main branches of UPR signaling in diverse eukaryotic systems, and describe various levels of ER stress response regulation that encompass transcriptional gene regulation by master transcription factors, post-transcriptional activities including cytoplasmic splicing, translational control, and multiple post-translational events such as peptide modifications and cleavage. In addition, we will discuss the roles of plant ER stress sensors in abiotic and biotic stress responses and speculate on the future prospects of engineering these signaling events for heightened stress tolerance.
Acute and Chronic Carbon Monoxide Toxicity from Tobacco Smoking
Authors: Dorey Alyrene , Scheerlinck Pieter , Nguyen Hoanvu , Albertson Timothy 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced from incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons and is a by-product of tobacco smoking. Chronic cigarette smokers often have carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentrations as high as 10%. We report a case of severely elevated COHb and polycythemia because of tobacco smoking and provide a review of the literature regarding elevated COHb in smokers. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed looking for articles on tobacco smoking and CO, COHb, CO poisoning, cigarettes, pipes, cigars and water pipes/hookah smokers. Result: COHb levels in frequent cigarette smokers generally range from 4.2% presmoking to 8.6% postsmoking. A heavy cigarette smoker presented twice with symptoms of CO toxicity and was found to have levels 21.8 to 24.2%. Cigar smokers have been found to have COHb ranging as high as 13.0 to 38.6% in case reports. Waterpipe or “hookah” smokers generally have COHb levels 10.1% +/−2.5% and case reports, and series of even higher levels associated with CO toxicity symptoms are common. Waterpipe smokers have been found to have COHb levels as high as 39.2% after smoking. Conclusions: Many active duty military and military veterans are tobacco smokers and these patients and their health care providers should be aware of the adverse effects of CO toxicity from tobacco smoking. Patients may have symptoms such as headaches, syncope, and ataxia in the setting of acute CO toxicity; however, the chronic effects of CO may not be completely understood. Future work could explore chronic CO toxicity and its effects on strength and exercise tolerance in military personnel and provide education to service members, veterans, and health care providers.
Discarding orbital decay in WASP-19b after one decade of transit observations★†
Authors: Petrucci R , Jofré E , Gómez Maqueo Chew Y , Hinse T C , Mašek M , Tan T-G , Gómez M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present a empirical study of orbital decay for the exoplanet WASP-19b, based on mid-time measurements of 74 complete transits (12 newly obtained by our team and 62 from the literature), covering a 10-year baseline. A linear ephemeris best represents the mid-transit times as a function of epoch. Thus, we detect no evidence of the shortening of WASP-19b’s orbital period and establish an upper limit of its steady changing rate, $\dot{P}=-2.294$ ms yr−1, and a lower limit for the modified tidal quality factor $Q^{\prime }_{\star } = (1.23 \pm 0.231) \times 10^{6}$. Both are in agreement with previous works. This is the first estimation of $Q^{\prime }_{\star }$ directly derived from the mid-times of WASP-19b obtained through homogeneously analyzed transit measurements. Additionally, we do not detect periodic variations in the transit timings within the measured uncertainties in the mid-times of transit. We are therefore able to discard the existence of planetary companions in the system down to a few M⊕ in the first order mean-motion resonances 1:2 and 2:1 with WASP-19b, in the most conservative case of circular orbits. Finally, we measure the empirical $Q^{\prime }_{\star }$ values of 15 exoplanet host stars which suggest that stars with Teff ≲ 5600K dissipate tidal energy more efficiently than hotter stars. This tentative trend needs to be confirmed with a larger sample of empirically measured $Q^{\prime }_{\star }$.