bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING TO THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY
Authors: Mafruudloh Naajihah , Fitriati Rahima 
Published: July 2020

Project based learning (PBL) is an appropriate and applicable learning method in all levels of education. In this method, the lecturer acts as a facilitator or the one who takes a main role in teaching and learning process. The aim of PBL is to solve problems and develop students’ critical thinking. It also encouraged the students’ way of thinking in doing or creating something. This method was implemented in English for Management class at. It was expected to make the students to be more creative facilitated by a discussion, sharing, and collaboration work. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of PBL in non-English department class (Management department class) and to know the effect of PBL in students’ speaking ability. There were 25 students selected as the sample. The methodology used pre-experimental design. Data were collected by observation to answer the first research question and test to answer the second research question. The acquired quantitative data were analysed statistically by paired sample T-test. The research found a significant effect of PBL to the students’ speaking ability. It was also an effective methodology in teaching speaking because it made the students to be more active and innovative in doing the task and joining the class. Thus, it is strongly recommended to apply this teaching method in speaking class as an alternative way to improve students’ speaking competency.
Phrasal Verbs in Learner English: A Corpus-based Study of Lithuanian and Polish Learners of English
Authors: Garbatovič Božena , Grigaliūnienė Jonė 
Published: July 2020

Phrasal verbs, though very common in the English language, are acknowledged as difficult to acquire by non-native learners of English. The present study examines this issue focusing on two learner groups from different mother tongue backgrounds, i.e. Lithuanian and Polish advanced students of English. The analysis is conducted based on Granger’s (1996) Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis methodology, investigating the Lithuanian and Polish components of the International Corpus of Learner English, as well as the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays. The results obtained in the study prove that both learner groups underuse phrasal verbs compared with native English speakers. It is concluded that this could be due to the learners’ limited repertoire of phrasal verbs as they employ significantly fewer phrasalverb types than native speakers. Furthermore, it is noticed that learners face similar stylistic, semantic and syntactic difficulties in the use of this language feature. In particular, the analysis shows that such errors might be caused by native language interference, as well as the inherent complexity of phrasal verbs. The present study not only helps to account for the challenges that are common to those language groups which lack phrasal verbs in their linguistic repository, but also provides insights into the understanding of advanced learner language.
English-Latvian Dictionaries in the Age of Electronic Lexicography
Authors: Karpinska Laura 
Published: July 2020

In the 21st century the advantages of electronic dictionaries have been widely acknowledged. Electronic dictionaries form an important branch of contemporary lexicography, however, in general English-Latvian lexicography print dictionaries still outnumber the electronic ones since there is only one large English-Latvian dictionary with complex microstructure and two differing user interfaces that is available in the electronic medium. The aim of the study is to analyse the major general English-Latvian electronic dictionary, determine its type and assess the compliance of this dictionary with the standards of contemporary electronic lexicography. The analysis focuses on the evaluation of dictionary microstructure, the accessibility of information, the adaptability of user interface, the use of dictionary-internal and external links and the sources of lexicographical data in the general English-Latvian electronic dictionary. The analysis reveals that even though the microstructure of the electronic dictionary is essentially based on a print dictionary, it has been supplemented by information from various other sources. The dictionary applies some innovative features of contemporary electronic lexicography, but various improvements related to the presentation of some metalinguistic elements, unity of microstructure, diversity of search options, use of dictionary-internal and external links, application of corpus data and multimodality would be necessary to enhance its correspondence to the standards of contemporary electronic lexicography.
Industria relacional y economía de la contribución
Authors: Paláu Castaño Luis Alfonso 
Published: July 2020

Bernard Stiegler
«La transformación de los modos de vida que se puso en funcionamiento desde comienzos del siglo XX con las public relations, que debían conducir a lo que luego de la Segunda Guerra Mundial se llamó marketing, constituirá una verdadera factura de las existencias individuales y colectivas por parte de las industrias de servicios, cuyas primeras y principales fueron las industrias culturales.»
Long-term Cost-Effectiveness of Dexcom G6 Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes in the U.K.
Authors: Roze Stéphane , Isitt John , Smith-Palmer Jayne , Javanbakht Mehdi , Lynch Peter 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVEA long-term health economic analysis was performed to establish the cost-effectiveness of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) (Dexcom G6) versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) alone in U.K.-based patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe analysis used the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model. Clinical input data were sourced from the DIAMOND trial in adults with T1D. Simulations were performed separately in the overall population of patients with baseline HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol), and a secondary analysis was performed in patients with baseline HbA1c ≥8.5% (69 mmol/mol). The analysis was performed from the National Health Service health care payer perspective over a lifetime time horizon.RESULTSIn the overall population, G6 RT-CGM was associated with a mean incremental gain in quality-adjusted life expectancy of 1.49 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) versus SMBG (mean [SD] 11.47 [2.04] QALYs versus 9.99 [1.84] QALYs). Total mean (SD) lifetime costs were also pounds sterling (GBP) 14,234 higher with RT-CGM (GBP 102,468 [35,681] versus GBP 88,234 [39,027]) resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of GBP 9,558 per QALY gained. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the findings were sensitive to changes in the quality-of-life benefit associated with reduced fear of hypoglycemia and avoidance of fingerstick testing as well as the HbA1c benefit associated with RT-CGM use.CONCLUSIONSFor U.K.-based T1D patients, the G6 RT-CGM device is associated with significant improvements in clinical outcomes and, over patient lifetimes, is a cost-effective disease management option relative to SMBG on the basis of a willingness-to-pay threshold of GBP 20,000 per QALY gained.
A Case Study On Predicting The Environmental Impacts Of Untreated Effluent Generated From Tannery Industrial Estate In Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Masum Shakil A. , Islam Md. Sultanul 
Published: July 2020

Significant amounts of heavy metals in the directly discharged wastewater released from the newly built tannery industrial site in Dhaka, Bangladesh are reported. Despite their detrimental impacts on public health and natural ecosystem, no environmental impact study is yet conducted. Therefore, information on safe discharge rates are not available. In this study, the extent of pollution around the industrial site is investigated for four representative trace metals. Temporal and spatial distributions of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) have been predicted using a numerical model with the aim to estimate safe discharge of these metal contaminants. From multiple simulation runs it has been estimated that a discharge of0.026 m3 of wastewater per day can lead to high levels of Cr and Pb accumulation, exceeding the regulatory standard limits, in the study area. Whilst As and Cd concentrations remain below the advised limits in most cases at this rate. However, an order of magnitude reduction in the total discharge rate, i.e.,0.0026 m3 per day, results into the metal accumulation below the recommended guidelines in all cases. Elevated concentration of Pb is found to be limited to the top 0.5 m of the soil as compared to Cr, As and Cd, which exhibit larger spread along the depth of the soil. The relative dominance of the metal contamination follows the sequence: Pb>Cr>As>Cd as sorbed concentration in soil aggregates and Cr>Pb>As>Cd as aqueous concentration in soil porewater. Further investigations that are essential for a comprehensive environmental impact assessment have been highlighted.
Phytochemical Analysis and Efficacy Of Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis) and Mint (Mentha Spicata) Extracts Against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) on Baby Corn (Zea Mays)
Authors: Kalinda Redempta S. , Rioba Naomi B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J.E. Smith) is a pest with devasting effects on maize. A laboratory biassay was conducted to analyse the phytochemicals and determine the efficacy of M. spicata and R. officinalis extracts on FAW. Treatments were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The factors included solvent [Methanol (Me), dichloromethane (DCM), distilled water (Di)] and the plant species (M. spicata and R. officinalis). Coragen SC 200 (Co) and Distilled water (Di) were the positive and negative controls, respectively. FAW rearing, plant extract preparation and phytochemical screening were done using standard procedure. Data collection and analysis was done using standard procedures. The extract yield was highest for R. officinalis regardless of the solvent used. Me-R. officinalis and Di-M. spicata extracts yielded the highest. Saponins, glycosides, alkaloid, flavonoids and tannins. Flavonoid contents were 7.9036 mg/mL and 6.0073 ± 0.6117 mg/mL in methanolic extract of M. spicata and R. officinalis, respectively. M. spicatha and R. officinalis extracts caused 100% mortality to 3rd instar larvae. Based on the findings, both M. spicata and R. officinalis have several secondary metabolites that confer insecticidal activity of the plants against FAW, hence should be evaluated under field conditions.
No significant risk of hematological malignancy in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: single center study of children and adults
Authors: Marjańska Agata , Styczyński Jan , Jatczak-Gaca Agnieszka , Wysocki Mariusz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/AimNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is characterized by the occurrence of multisystem tumors. The objective of this study was to analyze the demographic and oncological profile of 830 NF1-individuals regarding prevalence, type, and spectrum of malignancy.Patients and methodsThe medical records of patients diagnosed with NF1 with a median age of 22.1 years (range: 0.8–81.6 years) who were followed up for malignancies from 1999 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe prevalence of malignancy occurring in patients diagnosed with NF1 was 34.8% (289/830). The most common types of neoplasia encompassed tumors strictly associated with NF1, including plexiform neurofibromas (PNF; 200/830; 24.1%) and optic pathway gliomas (91/830; 11%). The prevalence of PNFs-transforming to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) was 3.5% (7/200). The prevalence of other tumors was 4.8% (40/830). One patient was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), thus the risk of hematological malignancies among all patients with NF1 was 0.1% (1/830). In the population of patients with malignancies, 43/289 (14.9%) individuals were diagnosed with more than one malignancy.ConclusionsThe odds ratio (OR) of malignancy in a studied cohort of patients with NF1 was 23 (p < 0.001), while the OR of hematological malignancy was 5.1 (p = 0.1) in comparison with the general population.
Contribution of fruit, vegetables, whole cereals, and legumes to total fibre intake in adult Croatian Dalmatian population
Authors: Sarić Marijana Matek , Ljubičić Marija , Lapčić Ivana , Guiné Raquel Pinho Ferreira 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is compelling evidence that fruit, vegetables, whole cereals, and legumes make about 80 % of the total food fibre intake and have a potential to help in the prevention of a number of diseases. The aim of our study was to estimate total fibre intake from consumption of this fibre-rich food, partly reported in our earlier study in Croatian adult population. Current data analysis involved a non-probabilistic sample of 1,034 adult participants from Dalmatia, Croatia who responded to a validated food frequency questionnaire between October 2014 and March 2015. We also analysed the sales data obtained from three shopping centres in the Zadar area (Croatian coast) to establish a list of most frequently bought fruit, vegetables, whole cereals, and legumes and to calculate dietary fibre (DF) intake for each of the top-selling items and conversion factors for each food group. We then used these conversion factors to calculate individual total fibre intake (TFI) in our population. It was 11.4 g per person per day, which is less than half the recommended dietary requirements. On average, respondents reported to consume one piece of fruit and one meal of vegetables a day, which is less than half the daily recommendation for either. 25.8 % of respondents reported no consumption of whole cereals at all, and only 0.2 % of the population consumed the recommended 3–5 servings of whole grains or legumes a day. We also observed significantly higher consumption of fruit and whole grains/legumes in women than men. Our findings alert to poor dietary fibre intake in Croatian adult population, which is similar to other western countries and points to issues deeply rooted in these economies. However, our findings may be either an over- or under-estimation and need to be verified through longitudinal research on a wider sample using more precise tools.
Two equal collinear cracks in magneto-electro-elastic materials: A study of electric and magnetic poling influences
Authors: Jangid Kamlesh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the problem of two equal collinear cracks is analytically studied for two-dimensional (2D) arbitrarily polarized magneto-electro-elastic materials. The electric and magnetic poling directions make arbitrary angles with the crack line. The Stroh's formalism and complex variable methodology is utilized to reduce the problem into non-homogeneous Riemann Hilbert problem. This numerical problem is then comprehended with the Riemann Hilbert way to obtain the intensity factors for stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction. A numerical contextual analysis is displayed for the BaTiO
3 – CoFe
2
O
4 composite. The numerical examination demonstrates that the change in electric/magnetic poling directions influences the intensity factors.
A modified invariant subspace method for solving partial differential equations with non-singular kernel fractional derivatives
Authors: Touchent Kamal Ait , Hammouch Zakia , Mekkaoui Toufik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, the well known invariant subspace method has been modified and extended to solve some partial differential equations involving Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) or Atangana-Baleanu (AB) fractional derivatives. The exact solutions are obtained by solving the reduced systems of constructed fractional differential equations. The results show that this method is very simple and effective for constructing explicit exact solutions for partial differential equations involving new fractional derivatives with nonlocal and non-singular kernels, such solutions are very useful to validate new numerical methods constructed for solving partial differential equations with CF and AB fractional derivatives.
Measure of departure from cumulative local symmetry for square contingency tables having ordered categories
Authors: Saigusa Yusuke , Takada Tomomasa , Ishii Aki , Nakagawa Tomoyuki , Tomizawa Sadao 
Published: July 2020

Summary
For square contingency tables with nominal categories, a local symmetry model which indicates the symmetric structure of probabilities for only one pair of symmetric cells is proposed. For ordinal square tables, the present paper proposes (1) another local symmetry model for cumulative probabilities from the upper-right and lower-left corners of the table, and (2) a measure to represent the degree of departure from the proposed model. The measure has the form of a weighted harmonic mean of the diversity index, which includes the Shannon entropy as a special case. Examples are given in which the proposed method is applied to square table data on decayed teeth in Japanese women patients.
Life Stages and Demography of Invasive Shrub Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae) in Lithuania
Authors: Taura Laurynas , Gudžinskas Zigmantas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlien invasive woody plant species, particularly those associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, are of special concern, because they may cause drastic changes in entire ecosystems. Although most of invasive species of Lithuania originate from other continents, one of these, Cytisus scoparius, is native to Europe. Fast spread of this species in Lithuania and its invasion to forest, coastal and continental sand, occasionally grassland habitats, stimulated us to study demographic structure of its populations. The aim of this research was to evaluate density, life stage and age structure of the populations, and to analyse relationships of the age of individuals with their life stages, height and stem diameter. Five populations were studied in the western, southern and eastern parts of Lithuania in July–August 2017. For the study, we selected stands of this species occupying at least 0.1 ha in a uniform habitat. We applied sampling plot method, and studied at least 100 individuals in each population, excluding seedlings. The age, life stage, height and stem diameter of 583 individuals were studied. The average density of individuals ranged between 5.15 individuals/m2 and 15.40 individuals/m2. Juvenile individuals reach the stage of vegetative adults on the second or third growth season, occasionally on the third year they reach even the stage of generative adults. The average age of juveniles was 1.10 years, of vegetative adults it was 2.99 years and 6.26 years of generative adults. The oldest generative individual was 28 years old. Linear regression analysis of the relationship between the plant age and the stem diameter revealed that the age predetermined the stem diameter variance by 81.0% in the studied populations. This study revealed that densities of C. scoparius individuals of all life stages in disturbed and undisturbed habitats were sufficient to sustain longevity and further expansion of populations. Therefore, appropriate measures for control and eradication of this species should be applied, particularly in the habitats of high conservation value.
Role of clusters in the Polish innovation system
Authors: Mackiewicz Marta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article presents the role of clusters in the Polish innovation system. This role has evolved in recent years due to maturing of cluster organisations and the expansion of their ability not just to provide services for cluster members but also to perform selected public tasks. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the nature and extent to which clusters can contribute to the objectives of development policies and thus to the economic development of the Polish economy and answer the question what role clusters can play in the innovation system. Based on a survey of 44 cluster organisations in Poland and interviews with cluster managers, the study explores the possibility of engaging Polish cluster organisations in the implementation of public policies. The results confirm that many of the Polish clusters achieved such a level of development that they themselves see the possibility of engaging in public tasks, for example education and specialised training, helping enterprises in digital transformation, monitoring technological trends, and so on. Therefore, it is justified pursuing a dual cluster policy. This duality means focus on two objectives: supporting cluster organisations on the one hand and implementing cluster-based development policies on the other hand.
Dying in dignity
Authors: Knaup Marcus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The question of what might constitute “good dying” is a sensitive subject that is being discussed and is socially and politically controversial. My contribution discusses whether a reference to concepts such as autonomy and dignity in the debate over suicide and euthanasia is in fact convincing. Important impulses for the train of thought stem from Kantian philosophy. I will argue that suicide, as presented by Kant, is not an expression of autonomy, but exactly the opposite: an expression of heteronomy.
An enhanced differential evolution algorithm with adaptation of switching crossover strategy for continuous optimization
Authors: Puphasuk Pikul , Wetweerapong Jeerayut 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDesigning an efficient optimization method which also has a simple structure is generally required by users for its applications to a wide range of practical problems. In this research, an enhanced differential evolution algorithm with adaptation of switching crossover strategy (DEASC) is proposed as a general-purpose population-based optimization method for continuous optimization problems. DEASC extends the solving ability of a basic differential evolution algorithm (DE) whose performance significantly depends on user selection of the control parameters: scaling factor, crossover rate and population size. Like the original DE, the proposed method is aimed at e ciency, simplicity and robustness. The appropriate population size is selected to work in accordance with good choices of the scaling factors. Then, the switching crossover strategy of using low or high crossover rates are incorporated and adapted to suit the problem being solved. In this manner, the adaptation strategy is just a convenient add-on mechanism. To verify the performance of DEASC, it is tested on several benchmark problems of various types and di culties, and compared with some well-known methods in the literature. It is also applied to solve some practical systems of nonlinear equations. Despite its much simpler algorithmic structure, the experimental results show that DEASC greatly enhances the basic DE. It is able to solve all the test problems with fast convergence speed and overall outperforms the compared methods which have more complicated structures. In addition, DEASC also shows promising results on high dimensional test functions.