bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a Spatiotemporal Model of Oxidation in Lipid Dispersions: A Hypothesis‐Driven Review
Authors: Laguerre Mickaël , Tenon Mathieu , Bily Antoine , Birtić Simona 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnsaturated lipids are prone to get oxidized through a sequence of reactions known as lipid oxidation. From a phenomenon considered at the beginning as a mere chemical process and described by the triptych of initiation, propagation, and termination, the vision of lipid oxidation has progressively evolved to further integrate the physical dimension of the phenomenon. Despite tremendous research efforts, however, this sequence of reactions is not yet well understood, especially in lipid dispersions where many facts are still inexplicable and unpredictable under the current paradigm. Here, the aim is to suggest that the main reason why a better understanding has not already been achieved is that the reactional network is not yet organized in a coherent spatiotemporal framework. The novel concepts and hypotheses proposed in this article may help redirecting a significant part of research efforts toward the establishment of a spatially and temporally resolved model of oxidation in dispersed lipids.Practical Application: Predicting how oxidation spreads in lipid dispersions represents a goal of crucial importance for academia but also for industry. Such prediction models would indeed greatly help food manufacturers prevent oxidation by using the most adapted antioxidative strategies for their specific products. To achieve such an objective, it is proposed that the first thing to do is to go beyond the extremely reductive and narrow framework in which this chemical process has been locked in. Indeed, while lipid dispersions are composed of a multitude of lipid colloids, researchers usually consider oxidation at the sole level of an individual droplet or membrane. Instead, lipid oxidation is advocated as a dynamic trafficking of chemical species within large communities of different colloidal objects such as droplets, membranes, or micelles dispersed in water—a system that dubbed “colloidal ecosystem”. This might represent a scale complementary to the scales of individual colloids or molecules that were the sole consideration so far to try to
represent lipid oxidation. Only then can one hope to effectively apply modeling and “omics” approaches, as is explained in more details in this article.
A Novel Fluorescent Probe Based on Perylene Derivative for Hg2+ Ions and Biological Thiols and its Application in Live Cell Imaging and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Karuk Elmas Şükriye Nihan , Berk Gunay Ibrahim , Karagoz Abdurrahman , Bostanci Aykut , Sadi Gökhan , Yilmaz Ibrahim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe selective and sensitive detection of biothiols; cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) in aqueous solutions is of considerable importance because of their pivotal roles in maintaining the reducing environment in the cells. This study describes a strategy for the determination of biothiols based on the PDI/Met‐Hg2+complex platform. We designed and fabricated methionine modified perylene diimide molecule as a selective sensing probe for Hg2+ ions in aqueous solutions (PDI/Met‐Hg2+). The complex between perylene bisimide derivative (PDI/Met) and Hg2+ was investigated and it demonstrated turn‐on fluorescence response for the detection of the biological thiols. Besides, PDI/Met displayed fluorescence quenching response in the presence of mercury ions and the emission intensity of PDI/Met‐Hg2+ was recovered after transferring biothiols (Cys, Hcy, and GSH). Thus, PDI/Met could be utilized as a fluorescent chemosensor for the sequential recognition of mercury ions and biological thiols.
Building a prediction model for iron deficiency anemia among infants in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Tang Weiming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common micronutrient deficiency worldwide in infants. Iron deficiency anemia, during infancy, can have long‐lasting detrimental effects on the immune and neural systems; the damage is irreversible. This study aimed to build a prediction model to predict the potential risk of IDA among infants. To collect relevant information for model building, we recruited 528 infants from Fenglin Community Health Service Center in Shanghai, China, and collected the information of infants and their parents by using a structured questionnaire. We also got the blood routine examination results of the infants. Then, we used a multilayer perceptron model (MLP) of the neural network model in IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 to construct the prediction model. Of the 528 included infants, 80 (15.2%) of them had lower hemoglobin values (<110 g/L) and were finally diagnosed with IDA. Based on the accuracy of different models, the model with the highest accuracy rate (97.3%) was chosen, and all the preselected 26 variables were included in the model. After the modeling, the results indicated that the number of months of exclusive breastfeeding was the most important predictive variable, followed by the mother having anemia during pregnancy, and then the number of months of feeding the infant with iron‐fortified rice flour. The model has good sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%). By using this model, we can predict the potential risk of an infant having IDA and can take the initiative to prevent iron deficiency through the improvement of feeding methods.
Lactobacillus plantarum KSFY06 on d‐galactose‐induced oxidation and aging in Kunming mice
Authors: Li Fang , Huang Guangbin , Tan Fang , Yi Ruokun , Zhou Xianrong , Mu Jianfei , Zhao Xin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractYogurt from Xinjiang, China, is a traditional Chinese fermented food rich in beneficial microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus plantarum KSFY06. In this study, the effect of KSFY06 on oxidative aging was investigated using live animal experiments. Molecular biological methods were used to analyze the serum and tissues of mice with oxidative aging induced by d‐galactose, which showed that KSFY06 can inhibit the decline of heart, liver, spleen, and kidney caused by aging. The KSFY06 strain increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) in serum and liver of aging mice, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) is reduced. Pathological observation showed that KSFY06 alleviated damage to the liver, spleen, and skin of oxidative aging mice. qPCR showed that, at high dose (2 × 109 cfu/kg per day), KSFY06 upregulates copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), catalase (CAT) mRNA expression, and its downstream inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in liver and spleen tissues induced by d‐gal. To a certain extent, these findings indicate that L. plantarum KSFY06 is able to protect against oxidative stress in the d‐gal‐induced aging model. In conclusion, L. plantarum KSFY06 may provide a potential research value in the prevention or alleviation of related diseases caused by oxidative stress.
Camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) seed oil promotes milk fat and protein synthesis‐related gene expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Zhong Wanqi , Shen Jinglin , Liao Xiandong , Liu Xinlu , Zhang Jing , Zhou Changhai , Jin Yongcheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCamellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) seed oil is a commonly used edible oil of China. In ancient Chinese literature, it is mentioned to be helpful for postpartum repair and lactation in women. Research on camellia seed oil (CO) as a feed additive for dairy cattle is less. We investigated the effect of CO on the expression of milk fat and protein syntheses‐related genes in differentiated bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC‐T) using soybean oil (SO) as the control. The results showed that CO increased the expression of genes related to de novo synthesis of fatty acids including sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) (p < .05). Among the milk protein genes analyzed, CO increased β‐casein mRNA expression (p < .05) and decreased αS1‐casein mRNA expression (p < .05) in MAC‐T cells. CO upregulated the pathways related to milk protein synthesis with increased mRNA levels of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), RAC‐alpha serine/threonine‐protein kinase (AKT1), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (p < .05) in MAC‐T cells. Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta‐1 (S6K1) gene was upregulated, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) gene (p < .05) was downregulated with CO treatment. The mRNA expression levels of janus kinase 2 (JAK2), activator of transcription 5‐β (STAT5‐β), and E74‐like factor 5 (ELF5) were elevated in MAC‐T cells treated with CO (p < .05). Meanwhile, the protein expression levels of S6K1, STAT5‐β, phosphorylated mTOR (p‐mTOR), p‐S6K1, and p‐STAT5‐β increased in MAC‐T cells treated with CO (p < .05). In summary, CO promoted β‐casein synthesis by regulating PI3K‐mTOR‐S6K1 and JAK2‐STAT5 signaling pathways and influenced fatty acid synthesis by regulating SREBP1‐related genes in MAC‐T cells. We need to further confirm the function of CO using in vivo models.
Corrosion Resistant Al‐Cr‐Mo Alloy Coating on Type 316L Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Ingle A. V. , Raja V. S. , Rangarajan J. , Mishra P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe most important issues that plague wider use of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are insufficient corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity and wettability of metallic bipolar plates (BPPs). To address these issues, an amorphous Al‐Cr‐Mo ternary alloy coating is applied on type 316L stainless steel using direct current magnetron sputtering. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of bare and alloy coated specimens has been investigated by polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques under simulated fuel cell working environment consisting of 0.5M H2SO4 at 70 ± 2 °C. The results indicate that the corrosion current density of the alloy coated specimen is approximately 0.2 µA cm−2 showing a reduction of two orders of magnitude. The polarization resistance increased by an order of magnitude and the interfacial contact resistance (ICR) is reduced significantly (45 and 48 mΩ cm2 in the simulated anode and cathode environments, respectively) due to the application of the coating. The chromium and molybdenum enrichment on the surface of coated specimen, as revealed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is proposed to be responsible for the improved corrosion resistance. Further, the coating is expected to show significantly better water management due to high hydrophobicity than the bare stainless steel.
Your evidence? Machine learning algorithms for medical diagnosis and prediction
Authors: Heinrichs Bert , Eickhoff Simon B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractComputer systems for medical diagnosis based on machine learning are not mere science fiction. Despite undisputed potential benefits, such systems may also raise problems. Two (interconnected) issues are particularly significant from an ethical point of view: The first issue is that epistemic opacity is at odds with a common desire for understanding and potentially undermines information rights. The second (related) issue concerns the assignment of responsibility in cases of failure. The core of the two issues seems to be that understanding and responsibility are concepts that are intrinsically tied to the discursive practice of giving and asking for reasons. The challenge is to find ways to make the outcomes of machine learning algorithms compatible with our discursive practice. This comes down to the claim that we should try to integrate discursive elements into machine learning algorithms. Under the title of “explainable AI” initiatives heading in this direction are already under way. Extensive research in this field is needed for finding adequate solutions.
Pharyngeal swallowing mechanics associated with upper esophageal sphincter pressure wave
Authors: May Nelson H. , Davidson Kate W. , Pearson William G. , O'Rourke Ashli K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOpening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is a critical element of swallowing. Understanding the functional pharyngeal anatomy during UES opening would be clinically useful for dysphagia evaluation and treatment.MethodsSimultaneous high‐resolution pharyngeal manometry and videofluoroscopy (VFS) videos for 18 nondysphagic subjects were evaluated. UES pressure readings were segmented into six pressure phases, including a poorly understood pre‐relaxation contraction. Anatomic landmarks were tracked in VFS imaging and evaluated morphometrically to determine the movement of key swallowing structures within each UES pressure phase.ResultsThere were significant differences in pharyngeal mechanics by UES pressure stage (range of D‐values = 1.7‐2.2, P < .0001). The soft palate maximally elevates during the pre‐relaxation contraction of the UES. Early during UES relaxation, the hyolaryngeal complex and pharyngeal structures maximally elevate and pharyngeal structures constrict around the bolus.ConclusionThe mechanics underlying the UES pressure wave suggest generation of a sealed pharyngeal cavity, possibly integral to pharyngeal pressure generation and bolus propulsion.
Calling for confirmation, reassurance, and direction: Investigating patient compliance after accessing a telephone triage advice service
Authors: Siddiqui Nazlee , Greenfield David , Lawler Anthony 
Published: December 2019

SummaryUnderstanding the influence of a telephone triage advice service (TTAS) on patients seeking care is critical to realize enhancements in patient care, functioning of emergency departments (EDs), and effectiveness of the health system. This study addresses the question: what influence does a TTAS have on a patient's attendance at an ED and the wider health system? Records from 2016 to 2017 of 12,741 calls from a national TTAS were linked to 72,577 ED presentations to a hospital in regional Australia, retrospectively. Matching criteria included patient within the hospital's statistical local area code, age, gender, and ED attendance within 8 hours of TTAS call. Five statistical analyses of the data were conducted. There were 2857 matches. TTAS patients accessing the ED had a slightly higher proportion of women and a greater proportion of children under 4 years than usual. When TTAS confirmed callers' inclination for ED care, however only up to 69% subsequently attended the ED. When TTAS redirected others initially less inclined to more urgent care, up to 62% attended the ED. TTAS empowers vulnerable patients to access appropriate and timely services and promotes clinical and functional integration of care. Improvements of TTAS can come through investigation of callers' compliance factors.
Deep learning of diffraction image patterns for accurate classification of five cell types
Authors: Jin Jiahong , Lu Jun Q. , Wen Yuhua , Tian Peng , Hu Xin‐Hua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDevelopment of label‐free methods for accurate classification of cells with high throughput can yield powerful tools for biological research and clinical applications. We have developed a deep neural network of DINet for extracting features from cross‐polarized diffraction image (p‐DI) pairs on multiple pixel scales to accurately classify cells in five types. A total of 6185 cells were measured by a polarization diffraction imaging flow cytometry (p‐DIFC) method followed by cell classification with DINet on p‐DI data. The averaged value and SD of classification accuracy were found to be 98.9% ± 1.00% on test data sets for 5‐fold training and test. The invariance of DINet to image translation, rotation, and blurring has been verified with an expanded p‐DI data set. To study feature‐based classification by DINet, two sets of correctly and incorrectly classified cells were selected and compared for each of two prostate cell types. It has been found that the signature features of large dissimilarities between p‐DI data of correctly and incorrectly classified cell sets increase markedly from convolutional layers 1 and 2 to layers 3 and 4. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of high‐order correlations extracted at the deep layers for accurate cell classification.
In vitro test methods for seating and fretting corrosion behavior of modular metal‐on‐metal acetabular tapers
Authors: Shenoy Aarti A. , Gilbert Jeremy L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTRetrieval studies show that metal‐on‐metal acetabular shell‐liner tapers are susceptible to corrosion, which is hypothesized to arise from mechanically‐assisted crevice corrosion (MACC). The role of materials on MACC of acetabular tapers has not been previously studied. In vitro tests of seating, pushout, and fretting corrosion performance of acetabular tapers are presented to assess the role of material combinations (Ti–6Al–4V shells, HC CoCrMo, LC CoCrMo, and 316L SS liners). The acetabular tapers were wet‐assembled to a seating load of 1,000 N. The liner load–displacement seating mechanics were measured. Fretting corrosion currents were evaluated using a uniaxial incremental cyclic compression test up to 4,000 N, with the load applied at a 55° angle to the taper interface. Fretting currents, fretting onset loads, taper disengagement strength were measured and load–displacement plots were obtained. Pushout tests were also performed pre‐ and post‐fretting corrosion. The average liner seating displacements varied from 134 to 226 μm across groups. Fretting currents at 3,600 N cyclic load were low and ranged between 0.05 and 0.27 μA and were independent of material combination (p > 0.05), reflecting small amounts of fretting. Fretting corrosion onset loads were between 1,800 and 2,100 N, and did not differ across groups (p > 0.05). Pushout loads were 27–43% of the maximum load applied. Fretting corrosion levels were very low for all material combinations and not different from one another. The seating and pushout responses were also not material dependent. The low fretting currents measured imply that MACC may not be a major cause for acetabular taper corrosion. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:00‐111089, 2020
Effects of dietary α‐linolenic acid/linoleic acid ratio on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profile, serum metabolites and Δ6 fad and elovl5 gene expression in silver barb (Puntius gonionotus)
Authors: Nayak Madhusmita , Giri Shiba Shankar , Pradhan Avinash , Samanta Mrinal , Saha Ashis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSilver barb (Puntius gonionotus) is a medium‐sized carp that is promising for freshwater aquaculture in Asia. This study's aim was to investigate the ideal dietary α‐linolenic acid (ALA): linoleic acid (LA) ratio for maximizing long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA) synthesis and their deposition in the muscle of silver barb, as that of fish oil based control diet.RESULTFish (with an initial body weight of 11.07 ± 0.12 g) were fed for 60 days with five experimental iso‐proteinous, iso‐lipidic, and iso‐caloric diets, supplemented with linseed oil and peanut oil at varying levels to obtain ALA:LA ratios of 0.35, 0.51, 0.91, 2.04, 2.66. A control diet was prepared by supplementing fish oil. The dietary ALA:LA ratio did not influence the growth performance of fish. With increased dietary ALA:LA ratios, LA content decreased and ALA content increased in the muscle and liver of silver barb. The n‐3 LC‐PUFA level in muscle and liver was not influenced by feeding different ratios of ALA:LA, whereas n‐6 LC‐PUFA was decreased in the muscle and increased in the liver with increased dietary ALA:LA ratios. Increasing dietary ALA:LA ratio increased the Δ6fad and elovl5mRNA expression in the liver, muscle, brain, and intestinal tissues of silver barbs.CONCLUSIONSilver barb possess the ability to elongate and desaturate ALA and LA to their end products EPA and DHA. The highest level expression of Δ6 fad and elovl5 mRNA at the dietary ALA:LA ratio of 2.66 suggests greater affinity of these enzymes towards ALA than LA in silver barb. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Strategies for reducing Ostwald ripening phenomenon in nanoemulsions based on thyme essential oil
Authors: Trujillo‐Cayado Luis A , Santos Jenifer , Calero Nuria , Alfaro‐Rodríguez María‐Carmen , Muñoz José 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhite thyme essential oil, which can be incorporated in clean‐label and food emulsion‐based products, is a natural antimicrobial agent. However, emulsions containing essential oils commonly undergo Ostwald ripening as the main destabilization process. The main objective of this work was to evaluate various strategies for the inhibition of Ostwald ripening so as to develop stable nanoemulsions containing white thyme essential oil as food preservative and Kolliphor EL as surfactant.RESULTSIn a first approach, the influence of the surfactant/dispersed phase ratio and the number of cycles through a microfluidizer on droplet size distribution was evaluated. Unfortunately, these emulsions underwent Ostwald ripening, which was demonstrated by the application of the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner theory. In order to reduce this destabilization mechanism, two different techniques based on the modification of the formulation (addition of rosin gum or Aerosil COK84) were analysed using laser diffraction and multiple light scattering techniques. The addition of rosin gum inhibited the Ostwald ripening mechanism, but only partially. Conversely, the incorporation of Aerosil COK84 to the continuous phase led to a gel‐like rheological behaviour which seemed to practically avoid Ostwald ripening.CONCLUSIONSAerosil particles cover the droplets and form a three‐dimensional network suggesting a Pickering stabilization, which was confirmed using transmission electronic microscopy. The results confirmed the role of Aerosil COK84, not only as a thickener or gelling agent, but also as an Ostwald ripening inhibitor. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a whey protein spread enriched with β‐glucan: an alternative for whey valorization
Authors: Zanon Emely Osti , Pimentel Tatiana Colombo , Gomez Raul Jorge Hernan Castro , Fagnani Rafael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDInnovative approaches to combine whey with other ingredients and the use of new techniques in product development should be explored to meet consumers' needs and expectations. However, the question arises here of whether whey protein could be used as a suitable food matrix for supplementation with β‐glucan, an attractive glucose polymer and a physiologically functional component. The present study addresses the challenge associated with the design and characterization of whey protein spread as a substrate for β‐glucan delivery. The results are discussed on the basis of physical–chemical and microbiological characteristics, which are subsequently linked to its sensorial profile.RESULTSA whey protein spread can be developed without the addition of NaCl, with physicochemical characteristics (pH, viscosity), microbiological counts, and sensory acceptance (color, aroma, overall impression) similar to the product with NaCl. This spread can be refrigerated for 28 days. The whey protein spread presented high whey protein content (18.67–19.17 g 100 g−1) and could be a good source of carbohydrates (8.30–8.68 g 100 g−1), with low levels of fat (0.2 g 100 g−1) and lactose (1.56–1.61 g 100 g−1). The sensorial results showed that women would prefer a product with lower salt content.CONCLUSIONThis is the first study to evaluate the development of a whey protein spread enriched with β‐glucan, providing results that are of interest for the dairy sector. The combination of whey and β‐glucan can be explored industrially as a whey protein spread, with satisfactory results for physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory acceptance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry