bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and properties of anisotropic polyimide aerogels with aligned tube‐like pore structure
Authors: Chen Shaokang , Wu Peng , Yu Zhi , Zou Huawei , Liu Pengbo 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPolyimide (PI) aerogels with highly aligned tube‐like pores were fabricated by unidirectional ice crystal‐induced self‐assembly method. During this process, the mold bottom contacted with the freezing medium, the aqueous solution of poly(amic acid) (PAA) ammonium salt in the mold was unidirectionally frozen, the ice crystals grew from the bottom to top of PAA ammonium salt (PAS) solution along the freezing direction, which endowed PI aerogels with aligned tube‐like pores after sublimation of ice crystals and thermal imidization of PAS. The obtained aerogels had low densities (0.077–0.222 g cm−3) and high porosities (83.8–94.2%) and exhibited anisotropic morphology and properties. Their compression strength in vertical direction (parallel to freezing direction) was higher than that in horizontal direction (perpendicular to freezing direction). Their heat transport in horizontal direction was much slower than that in vertical direction; the aerogels had better thermal insulating property in horizontal direction. This facile approach contributed to prepare new type of PI aerogel materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48769.
Anisotropy of poly(lactic acid)/carbon fiber composites prepared by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Ding Qingjun , Li Xinyu , Zhang Denghui , Zhao Gai , Sun Zhijun 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIt is well known that 3D printed parts prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) exhibit large anisotropy of mechanical properties. In this article, poly(lactic acid; PLA)/carbon fiber (CF) composites with different built orientations (X, Y, Z) were prepared by FDM. The effects of printing temperature, speed, orientations, and layer thickness on the mechanical properties of the composites were systematically investigated. The mechanical properties of PLA/CF composites show more significant anisotropy. The orientation of the fibers along the printing direction is displayed by scanning electron microscopy. Printing parameters bring almost no effect on mechanical properties of the X‐construct oriented specimen, and bring obvious effect on those of the Y‐construct oriented specimen and Z‐construct oriented specimen. According to the analysis, carbon fiber can amplify this anisotropy from layer fashion, and the key factors from printing parameters are porosity and bond strength between fuses. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48786.
Working to Achieve Regional Water Security in Southwest Florida
Authors: Rand Honey 
Published: December 2019

Key TakeawaysIn Southwest Florida, one region comprising a handful of counties and cities started planning for its water supply challenges decades before availability became an issue.Over 25 years, through thoughtful collaboration, issues have been raised and resolved, money has been invested, and initiatives advanced.In the end, the entire region has achieved a higher level of water security that will support economic development and improve quality of life.
A laboratory practice that uses the polymerase chain reaction‐sequence specific priming technique to rapidly screen for HLA‐DR2 allotype from germline DNA in immunology course for undergraduate medical students
Authors: Li LiXin , Tian Wei , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, we describe an in‐house polymerase chain reaction‐sequence specific priming (PCR‐SSP) assay designed for undergraduate medical students as part of the experimental pathogen biology and immunology (EPBI) course. It screens human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR2 allotype from genomic DNA samples using a rapid and single‐tube PCR technique, yielding definitive typing result without conventional post‐amplification step like probing or Sanger sequencing. This laboratory exercise offers the undergraduate medical students an opportunity to learn about current molecular biology techniques in HLA genotyping with limited effort and cost, in addition to a better understanding of concepts presented in the classroom lectures. Upon completing this experiment module, the students show statistically significant improvement in several key indexes, such as the knowledge about the mainstream HLA DNA typing techniques, awareness of the relevance of this knowledge for their future scientific research, immunogenetics‐related basic laboratory skills they acquire, and interest and desire for mastering this assay (all p < .05). This easy to implement set of experiments is composed of a two‐session lab module occupying eight teaching hours, and has been run successfully in our laboratory.
Validation of a multisubstance online Timeline Followback assessment
Authors: Martin‐Willett Renée , Helmuth Timothy , Abraha Median , Bryan Angela D. , Hitchcock Leah , Lee Kaitlyn , Bidwell L. Cinnamon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe Timeline Followback (TLFB) was originally developed to assess alcohol consumption patterns (American Journal of Public Health, 86, 1996, 966) and has been increasingly modified for Web‐based use. Additionally, new modes of substance use administration have emerged, creating a need for an adaptable TLFB tool than can capture data such as cannabis product potency or prescription drug use. Our goal was to validate an online TLFB that reliably assesses a wide range of substances in greater detail.MethodsUsing a within‐subjects counterbalanced design, daily substance use data were collected from 50 college students over a 14‐day retrospective period using both the traditional in‐person TLFB and online TLFB (O‐TLFB).ResultsAll substance use variables, including detailed measures of cannabis metrics, correlated significantly (r's ranged from .653 to .944, p < .001) between TLFB versions. Further, results demonstrated that both the online TLFB and in‐person TLFB demonstrated concurrent validity with both the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Marijuana Dependence Scale (MDS).ConclusionOverall, the data suggest that this new O‐TLFB demonstrates strong reliability and delivers a versatile and secure tool for substance use assessment that is relevant to a variety of biomedical and psychological research contexts.
Xanthones and Cancer: from Natural Sources to Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Klein‐Júnior Luiz C. , Campos Adriana , Niero Rivaldo , Corrêa Rogério , Vander Heyden Yvan , Filho Valdir Cechinel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractXanthones are a class of heterocyclic natural products that have been widely studied for their pharmacological potential. In fact, they have been serving as scaffolds for the design of derivatives focusing on drug development. One of the main study targets of xanthones is their anticancer activity. Several compounds belonging to this class have already demonstrated cytotoxic and antitumor effects, making it a promising group for further exploration. This review therefore focuses on recently published studies, emphasizing their natural and synthetic sources and describing the main mechanisms of action responsible for the anticancer effect of promising xanthones.
Ascending aortic dissection: Can we treat it without surgery?
Authors: Shatila Wassim , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: December 2019

Key Points
Type A aortic dissection has been treated classically with surgical repair.
Endovascular therapy provides an acceptable alternative, especially for high‐surgical‐risk patients.
Dedicated systems are needed to help improve outcomes and decrease both short‐ and long‐term complications.
Examining the role of diabetes mellitus in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Chandiramani Rishi , Mehran Roxana 
Published: December 2019

Key Points
Except for a reduction in the rate of repeat revascularization, there was no benefit of EES over BMS in 1‐year and 5‐year clinical outcomes for diabetic patients with STEMI.
In nondiabetic patients, a beneficial effect of using EES was observed in most clinical endpoints at 5 years.
Overall, diabetic patients were associated with significantly worse long‐term outcomes following PCI for STEMI compared to nondiabetics.
Masters of communication: The brain of the banded cleaner shrimp Stenopus hispidus (Olivier, 1811) with an emphasis on sensory processing areas
Authors: Krieger Jakob , Hörnig Marie K. , Sandeman Renate E. , Sandeman David C. , Harzsch Steffen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe pan‐tropic cleaner shrimp Stenopus hispidus (Crustacea, Stenopodidea) is famous for its specific cleaning behavior in association with client fish and an exclusively monogamous life‐style. Cleaner shrimps feature a broad communicative repertoire, which is considered to depend on superb motor skills and the underlying mechanosensory circuits in combination with sensory organs. Their most prominent head appendages are the two pairs of very long biramous antennules and antennae, which are used both for attracting client fish and for intraspecific communication. Here, we studied the brain anatomy of several specimens of S. hispidus using histological sections, immunohistochemical labeling as well as X‐ray microtomography in combination with 3D reconstructions. Furthermore, we investigated the morphology of antennules and antennae using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Our analyses show that in addition to the complex organization of the multimodal processing centers, especially chemomechanosensory neuropils associated with the antennule and antenna are markedly pronounced when compared to the other neuropils of the central brain. We suggest that in their brains, three topographic maps are present corresponding to the sensory appendages. The brain areas which provide the neuronal substrate for these maps share distinct structural similarities to a unique extent in decapods, such as size and characteristic striated and perpendicular layering. We discuss our findings with respect to the sensory landscape within animal's habitat. In an evolutionary perspective, the cleaner shrimp's brain is an excellent example of how sensory potential and functional demands shape the architecture of primary chemomechanosensory processing areas.
A decentralized and secure blockchain platform for open fair data trading
Authors: Li Ya‐Nan , Feng Xiaotao , Xie Jan , Feng Hanwen , Guan Zhenyu , Wu Qianhong 
Published: December 2019

SummaryAs the value of data has received considerable attention, data trading shows broad market prospects. The existing data trading methods, including private trades and centralized trades, have high risks regarding transaction security and data protection. To solve this problem, we propose a decentralized trading solution for open fair data trading by deploying the smart contract on the blockchain network. The data for sale are encrypted and stored on the distributed storage platform but not directly on the blockchain network. Because the trading content is the decryption key of the data, the proposed new method can alleviate the storage pressure of the blockchain by reducing the transaction cost. We conduct a security analysis which shows that our scheme achieves secure, practical, open, and fair trading. We implement our trading contract with solidity and test it on the Ethereum's test network, and extensive experiments demonstrate desirable feasibility of our proposal.
An efficient sparse approximate inverse preconditioning algorithm on GPU
Authors: He Guixia , Yin Renjie , Gao Jiaquan 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe sparse approximate inverse (SPAI) preconditioner has proven to be effective in accelerating the convergence of iterative methods. Recently, accelerating it on the graphics processing unit (GPU) has attracted considerable attention due to the fact that the cost of constructing it is high. This motivates us to investigate how to accelerate the construction of SPAI preconditioners on GPU in this paper. We propose an efficient sparse approximate inverse algorithm on GPU, called SPAI‐Adaptive. For our proposed SPAI‐Adaptive, there are the following novelties: (1) an adaptive thread allocation strategy for SPAI‐Adaptive is proposed to assign the optimal thread number for each column of the preconditioner, and (2) Each component of the preconditioner, which includes finding indices I and J, constructing local submatrix, decomposing the local matrix into QR, and solving the upper triangular linear system, is computed in parallel inside a thread group of GPU. Experimental results show that the proposed SPAI‐Adaptive is effective, and has good performance and high parallelism.
Effectiveness of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder in reducing oral bacteria in tongue coating: A crossover trial
Authors: Matsumura Yuki , Hinode Daisuke , Fukui Makoto , Yoshioka Masami , Asakuma Hiroki , Takii Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on oral bacteria in tongue coating compared with tongue brushing.Material and methodsThirty‐two healthy, young adults were enrolled, and a crossover clinical trial was conducted. The volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentration, Winkel tongue‐coating index (WTCI), and the number of total bacteria in addition to Fusobacterium nucleatum in tongue coating were measured. We instructed subjects to remove tongue coating by tongue brush for Intervention I, to keep the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on the tongue dorsum and to let it dissolve naturally for Intervention II, and three oral care tablets 1 day before the measurement for Intervention III.ResultsThere were significant differences in terms of the level of H2S, VSC, and WTCI at Intervention I and all evaluation values at Intervention II. There were significant differences in terms of the level of H2S, VSC, WTCI, the number of total bacteria, and F. nucleatum at Intervention III. The value of WTCI, the number of bacteria, and F. nucleatum decreased significantly after taking the oral care tablets than after tongue brushing. When compared with Interventions I and III, Intervention III showed the effective results; there were significant differences in the number of total bacteria and F. nucleatum between tongue brushing and taking tablets.ConclusionsThese results suggested that the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder could be effective in reducing total bacteria and F. nucleatum in tongue coating when compared with tongue brushing.
Two‐Dimensional Material‐Functionalized Separators for High‐Energy‐Density Metal–Sulfur and Metal‐Based Batteries
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Zhu Xiaobo , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFunctional separators have attracted much attention owing to their effectiveness in supporting the stable and safe operation of future ultrahigh‐capacity electrodes, especially sulfur cathodes and metal anodes in rechargeable batteries. Among the functional materials for separator modification, two‐dimensional (2 D) materials offer the unique advantages of intimate coverage, mechanical robustness, and rich surface chemistry. This Minireview summarizes up‐to‐date achievements in the development of 2 D material‐functionalized separators to promote the application of sulfur cathodes and metal anodes. With a deep understanding of the roles of 2 D materials and their precise control in functionalizing separators, 2 D materials will find great opportunities in advancing high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries.
Perfluorosulfonyl Imide versus Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomers in Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells at Low Relative Humidity
Authors: Nguyen Huu‐Dat , Porihel Regis , Brubach Jean‐Blaise , Planes Emilie , Soudant Priscillia , Judeinstein Patrick , Porcar Lionel , Lyonnard Sandrine , Iojoiu Cristina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDesigning highly conductive ionomers at high temperature and low relative humidity is challenging in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells. Perfluorosulfonyl imide ionomers were believed to achieve this goal, owing to their exceptional acidity and excellent thermal stability. Perfluorosulfonyl imide ionomers are less conductive than the analogous perfluorosulfonic acids despite similar membrane microstructure. In this study, the distinct behavior is rationalized by in situ synchrotron infrared spectroscopy during hydration. The protonation mechanism, formation of the protonic moiety and water clustering are totally different for the two different families of membranes. The ionization mediated by trans‐to‐cis conformational transition of the perfluorosulfonyl imide ionomer is not accompanied by the formation of hydronium ions. In contrast, Zundel‐ion entities were identified as the elementary protonic complex, which is stable over the hydration range. The H‐bond network of surrounding water molecules appears to be less connected and the protons remain highly localized and unavailable for efficient structural transport. The delocalization of protons and their mitigated interaction with the surrounding medium are prominent effects that negatively impact conductivity.
Across the Board: Mark Mascal on the Challenges of Lignin Biorefining
Authors: Mascal Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. M. Mascal, who describes some creative solutions to the challenge of lignin biorefining and shares thoughts about how the purposes of sustainability are best served. Topics discussed include lignin saturation and hydrodeoxygenation, lignin isolation, a lignin to muconic acid pathway, and the production of 2,4‐ and 2,5‐pyrinedicarboxylic acids from lignin.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO by N,S Dual‐Doped Carbon Nanoweb Catalysts
Authors: Han Hyunsu , Park Seongmin , Jang Daehee , Lee Seungjun , Kim Won Bae 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConverting CO2 into useful chemicals through an electrocatalytic process is an attractive solution to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere. However, the process suffers from high overpotential, low activity, or poor product selectivity. In this study, N,S dual‐doped carbon nanoweb (NSCNW) materials were proposed as an efficient nonmetallic electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction. The NSCNW catalysts preferentially and rapidly converted CO2 into CO with a high Faradaic efficiency of 93.4 % and a partial current density of −5.93 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 490 mV. A small Tafel slope value (93 mV dec−1) was obtained, demonstrating a high rate for CO2 reduction. Moreover, the catalysts also exhibited a quite stable current‐density profile during 20 h with a high CO Faradaic efficiency above 90 % throughout the electrolysis reaction. The high catalytic performance of the catalysts for CO2 reduction could be attributed to synergistic effects associated with the structural advantages of 3 D carbon nanoweb structures and effective S doping of the carbon materials with the highest ratio of thiophene‐like S to oxidized S species.
Joint caching policies for optimizing energy costs/offloading probability for D2D and millimeter‐wave small cell underlaying cache‐enabled networks
Authors: Zhao Jihong , Wang Weipeng , Qu Hua , Zhao Shuyuan , Ren Gongye 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCache‐enabled networks are a promising solution to high video traffic, which allows popular files to cache at the user equipment (UE) and base stations (BSs). To improve the efficiency of file transmission, we adopt full‐duplex (FD) radio technology and millimeter‐wave small BSs (mmSBSs) in our network scenario. In this paper, users can get their required files via one of self‐communication, FD device‐to‐device (D2D) communication, mmSBS communication and macro BS (MBS) communication. Different communication modes have different energy costs. To minimize energy costs/maximize offloading probability, we analyze the successful probability for users to obtain files by different communication modes and propose an optimal joint caching policy for UE and mmSBSs. Based on the impact between UE and mmSBSs' caching policy, a suboptimal joint caching policy is proposed. The numerical results shown our optimal joint caching policy can improve the performance of cache‐enabled networks effectively and the suboptimal joint caching policy is more closer to the optimal caching policy than other common caching policies.
Shelf‐life extension of whole shrimp using an active coating containing fish skin gelatin hydrolysates produced by a natural protease
Authors: Mirzapour‐Kouhdasht Armin , Moosavi‐Nasab Marzieh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study was focused on shelf‐life extension of whole shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) using an active coating containing gelatin hydrolysates. Gelatin extracted from Scomberomorus commerson skin was hydrolyzed using actinidin extracted from kiwifruit. Some important physicochemical characteristics of fish skin gelatin including viscosity, gelling and melting points, and temperatures were examined. The whole shrimp was coated with four coating agents including fish skin gelatin (FG), commercial gelatin (CG), fish skin gelatin containing 1 mg/ml fish gelatin hydrolysates (FG + GH), and commercial bovine gelatin containing 1 mg/ml fish gelatin hydrolysates (CG + GH). Chemical, microbial, and sensorial properties of samples were monitored for 12 days at 4°C with 3‐day intervals (0–12 days). The pH value of samples coated with FG + GH and CG + GH showed the lowest changes during 12 days of storage (1.68 ± 0.00 and 1.70 ± 0.09, respectively). The free fatty acid content (FFA), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), lipid oxidation, and carbonyl content of samples coated with FG + GH and CG + GH were significantly lower than that of control, CG, and FG samples. The results of this study showed that the gelatin hydrolysates could be used as a preservative costing agent for whole shrimp.
Use of starch‐based fat replacers in foods as a strategy to reduce dietary intake of fat and risk of metabolic diseases
Authors: Chen Yuwei , She Yongbo , Zhang Ruisan , Wang Jieying , Zhang Xiaohua , Gou Xingchun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Elevated blood cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein levels are crucial risk factors that contribute to the development of CVD and other metabolic diseases. Dietary fat is believed to be the key factor in modulating circulating cholesterol levels. Thus, reducing dietary intake of fat appears to be an effective strategy to reduce the risk of heart disease. Also, excessive intake of fat and high‐calorie foods is also related to the development of obesity, which contributes to the development of CVD. Therefore, the consumption of low‐fat low‐calorie foods is part of a healthier dietary pattern. However, simply removing fat from foods may lead to compromised overall quality and reduced acceptance of the food products. Thus, fat replacers have emerged as ideal alternatives to dietary fat, which can not only reduce the overall fat and calorie content of the foods but also mimic the physiochemical properties of dietary fat. Starch‐based fat replacers are one kind of fat mimetic that can be produced either chemically as modified starch or enzymatically as maltodextrins. Both modified starch and maltodextrins have been demonstrated to have a promising ability to improve the overall quality of reduced‐fat foods. Modified starch granules act directly as fat globules in modulating the structure and sensory characteristics of the foods, whereas maltodextrins can form thermoreversible gels. Both modified starch granules and maltodextrins can create a fat‐like mouthfeel and therefore are potential fat replacers. This review article aims to discuss the following topics: (a) the effect of carbohydrates and fat on human cardiovascular health and other disease risks, (b) the functionality of starch‐based fat replacers in foods, (c) the applications of starch‐based fat replacers in various foods, and (d) the current and future market value of starch‐based fat replacers.