bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided versus computed tomography‐guided biopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Yu‐Fei , Zhang Jing‐Hao , Wang Tao , Shi Yi‐Bing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBoth endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial biopsy (EBUS‐TBB) and computed tomography‐guided transthoracic needle biopsy (CT‐TTNB) are approaches commonly utilized to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). The present meta‐analysis was, therefore, designed to provide more reliable evidence regarding the relative advantages of these two approaches to PPL diagnosis in order to guide clinical decision making.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies published as of May 2020. Endpoint data pertaining to technical success rates, diagnostic accuracy, and complication rates were then extracted from these studies. Meta‐analyses were conducted using RevMan v5.3.ResultsWe identified nine total relevant studies for inclusion in the present meta‐analysis, incorporating 2025 total patients (2035 total procedures) that underwent EBUS‐TBB (n = 994) or CT‐TTNB (n = 1041) for the purposes of PPL diagnosis. Rates of technical success were comparable between these two groups (odds ratio [OR]: 0.16; P = 0.21). However, CT‐TTNB was associated with higher diagnostic yield (OR: 0.23; P < 0.00001), greater accuracy (OR: 0.43; P = 0.002), and higher rates of complications (OR: 7.27; P < 0.00001) than was EBUS‐TBB. Subgroup analyses revealed that CT‐TTNB was associated with better diagnostic yield and accuracy when analyzing small lesions and lesions that were proximal to the pleura. Significant heterogeneity among studies was detected with respect to both technical success rates and diagnostic yield, but there was no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsWhen diagnosing PPLs, CT‐TTNB is associated with higher diagnostic yield and accuracy but with poorer safety outcomes than EBUS‐TBB.
Association between obesity after liver transplantation and steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis of the graft
Authors: Dobrindt Eva M. , Allex Laura , Saipbaev Akylbek , Öllinger Robert , Schöning Wenzel , Pratschke Johann , Eurich Dennis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic steatohepatitis has become one of the leading causes of liver transplantation. The development of steatosis, as well as the link to inflammation and fibrosis, after transplantation remain poorly understood. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the influence of obesity on histopathological changes of the graft during long‐term follow‐up.MethodsA total of 1494 longitudinal liver biopsies of 271 recipients were evaluated during a follow‐up period of 5 to 10 years. Clinical and laboratory parameters as well as histopathological categories of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were explored by routine protocol biopsies.ResultsThe BMI and prevalence of diabetes mellitus significantly increased after transplantation (P < .01). Diabetes and de novo obesity were significantly associated with the degree of graft steatosis. There was no correlation between former steatosis and inflammation or fibrosis. Inflammation was a precursor of fibrosis, and fibrosis increased over the first 3 years (P < .01). No severe graft dysfunction was observed.ConclusionObesity and diabetes mellitus correlated with higher grades of steatosis and de novo steatosis after transplantation. Metabolic syndrome must be considered as a serious post‐transplant complication that can cause histopathological alteration. However, the progress from steatosis to steatohepatitis is not as common as expected.
Association Between Prescribed Ibuprofen and Severe COVID‐19 Infection: A Nationwide Register‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kragholm Kristian , Gerds Thomas A. , Fosbøl Emil , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Phelps Matthew , Butt Jawad H. , Østergaard Lauge , Bang Casper N. , Pallisgaard Jannik , Gislason Gunnar , Schou Morten , Køber Lars , Torp‐Pedersen Christian 
Published: September 2020

Recommendations regarding ibuprofen use in relation to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been conflicting. We examined the risk of severe COVID‐19 between ibuprofen‐prescribed and non‐ibuprofen patients with COVID‐19 in a nationwide register‐based study of patients with COVID‐19 in Denmark between the end of February 2020 and May 16, 2020. Patients with heart failure (n = 208), < 30 years (n = 575), and prescribed other nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (n = 57) were excluded. Patients with ibuprofen prescription claims between January 1, 2020, and before COVID‐19 diagnosis or April 30, 2020 (last available prescription) were compared with patients without ibuprofen prescription claims. Outcome was a 30‐day composite of severe COVID‐19 diagnosis with acute respiratory syndrome, intensive care unit admission, or death. Absolute risks and average risk ratios comparing outcome for ibuprofen vs. non‐ibuprofen patients standardized to the age, sex, and comorbidity distribution of all patients were derived from multivariable Cox regression. Among 4,002 patients, 264 (6.6%) had ibuprofen prescription claims before COVID‐19. Age, sex, and comorbidities were comparable between the two study groups. Standardized absolute risks of the composite outcome for ibuprofen‐prescribed vs. non‐ibuprofen patients were 16.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.1–20.6) vs. 17.0% (95% CI 16.0–18.1), P = 0.74. The standardized average risk ratio for ibuprofen‐prescribed vs. non‐ibuprofen patients was 0.96 (95% CI 0.72–1.23). Standardized absolute risks of the composite outcome for patients with ibuprofen prescription claims > 14 days before COVID‐19 vs. ≤ 14 days of COVID‐19 were 17.1% (95% CI 12.3–22.0) vs. 14.3% (95% CI 7.1–23.1). In conclusion, in this nationwide study, there was no significant association between ibuprofen prescription claims and severe COVID‐19.
Combining Textual Cues with Social Clues: Utilizing Social Features to Improve Sentiment Analysis in Social Media
Authors: Ilk Noyan , Fan Shaokun 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTTraditional sentiment analysis methods do not perform well when applied to social media data. In this study, we propose an approach to improve sentiment analysis performance in the context of social media. Our approach utilizes three types of additional information that can be collected from social media platforms—personal preference, friend influence, and herding effect—to enrich the input features of a supervised sentiment classification model. We implement the approach on data sets collected from Twitter across two industries (airlines and wireless service providers) and present the performance improvement attained by combining social features with pure text‐based features. To further investigate the operational implications of this improvement, we develop a stylized service recovery model for customer relationship management in social media. Our work has implications for automating social media monitoring and, more broadly, for improving customer relationship management in organizations.
Rates, determinants and success of implementing deprescribing in people with type 2 diabetes: A scoping review
Authors: Oktora M. P. , Kerr K. P. , Hak E. , Denig P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividualizing goals for people with type 2 diabetes may result in deintensification of medication, but a comprehensive picture of deprescribing practices is lacking.AimsTo conduct a scoping review in order to assess the rates, determinants and success of implementing deprescribing of glucose‐, blood pressure‐ or lipid‐lowering medications in people with diabetes.MethodsA systematic search on MEDLINE and Embase between January 2007 and January 2019 was carried out for deprescribing studies among people with diabetes. Outcomes were rates of deprescribing related to participant characteristics, the determinants and success of deprescribing, and its implementation. Critical appraisal was conducted using predefined tools.ResultsFourteen studies were included; eight reported on rates, nine on determinants and six on success and implementation. Bias was high for studies on success of deprescribing. Deprescribing rates ranged from 14% to 27% in older people with low HbA1c levels, and from 16% to 19% in older people with low systolic blood pressure. Rates were not much affected by age, gender, frailty or life expectancy. Rates were higher when a reminder system was used to identify people with hypoglycaemia, which led to less overtreatment and fewer hypoglycaemic events. Most healthcare professionals accepted the concept of deprescribing but differed on when to conduct it. Deprescribing glucose‐lowering medications could be successfully conducted in 62% to 75% of participants with small rises in HbA1c.ConclusionsDeprescribing of glucose‐lowering medications seems feasible and acceptable, but was not widely implemented in the covered period. Support systems may enhance deprescribing. More studies on deprescribing blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering medications in people with diabetes are needed.
Distress as an Outcome in Youth Relationship Education: The Change Mechanisms of Hope and Conflict
Authors: Kanter Jeremy B. , Lannin Daniel G. , Russell Luke T. , Parris Leandra , Yazedjian Ani 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a youth relationship education program (YREP) on psychological functioning and to understand the mechanisms associated with change in distress.BackgroundSuccessfully (or unsuccessfully) navigating romantic relationships is a robust predictor of adolescent mental health. Youth relationship education programs have been found to promote adaptive relationship knowledge, attitudes, and skills; however, little research has examined how such programs influence mental health.MethodThis study examined whether significant reductions in psychological distress occurred for a diverse sample of adolescents (N = 113) completing a YREP. The study also explored whether the curriculum, Love Notes 3.0, was effective in reducing distress due to changes in hope and compromising conflict‐resolution behaviors.ResultsFrom pretest to posttest, psychological distress decreased for young women but not for young men. Furthermore, reductions in distress were associated with simultaneous increases in hope, but not reductions in conflict‐resolution behaviors.ConclusionYREPs can assist in improving youth's knowledge about adaptive relational dynamics while also significantly improving psychological functioning, primarily through increasing hope.ImplicationsYREPs may be beneficial for youth's mental health, and hope may play an important role. Encouraging youth to set clear goals and promoting self‐efficacy for behaviors that enact those goals may be helpful considerations for those serving youth (and particularly adolescent young men) in YREPs.
Fine‐tuning the activity and stability of an evolved enzyme active‐site through noncanonical amino‐acids
Authors: Wilkinson Henry C. , Dalby Paul A. 
Published: September 2020

Site‐specific saturation mutagenesis within enzyme active sites can radically alter reaction specificity, though often with a trade‐off in stability. Extending saturation mutagenesis with a range of noncanonical amino acids (ncAA) potentially increases the ability to improve activity and stability simultaneously. Previously, an Escherichia coli transketolase variant (S385Y/D469T/R520Q) was evolved to accept aromatic aldehydes not converted by wild‐type. The aromatic residue Y385 was critical to the new acceptor substrate binding, and so was explored here beyond the natural aromatic residues, to probe side chain structure and electronics effects on enzyme function and stability. A series of five variants introduced decreasing aromatic ring electron density at position 385 in the order para‐aminophenylalanine (pAMF), tyrosine (Y), phenylalanine (F), para‐cyanophenylalanine (pCNF) and para‐nitrophenylalanine (pNTF), and simultaneously modified the hydrogen‐bonding potential of the aromatic substituent from accepting to donating. The fine‐tuning of residue 385 yielded variants with a 43‐fold increase in specific activity for 50 mm 3‐HBA and 100% increased kcat (pCNF), 290% improvement in Km (pNTF), 240% improvement in kcat/Km (pAMF) and decreased substrate inhibition relative to Y. Structural modelling suggested switching of the ring‐substituted functional group, from donating to accepting, stabilised a helix‐turn (D259‐H261) through an intersubunit H‐bond with G262, to give a 7.8 °C increase in the thermal transition mid‐point, Tm, and improved packing of pAMF. This is one of the first examples in which both catalytic activity and stability are simultaneously improved via site‐specific ncAA incorporation into an enzyme active site, and further demonstrates the benefits of expanding designer libraries to include ncAAs.
An iron cycle cascade governs the response of equatorial Pacific ecosystems to climate change
Authors: Tagliabue Alessandro , Barrier Nicolas , Du Pontavice Hubert , Kwiatkowski Lester , Aumont Olivier , Bopp Laurent , Cheung William W. L. , Gascuel Didier , Maury Olivier 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEarth System Models project that global climate change will reduce ocean net primary production (NPP), upper trophic level biota biomass and potential fisheries catches in the future, especially in the eastern equatorial Pacific. However, projections from Earth System Models are undermined by poorly constrained assumptions regarding the biological cycling of iron, which is the main limiting resource for NPP over large parts of the ocean. In this study, we show that the climate change trends in NPP and the biomass of upper trophic levels are strongly affected by modifying assumptions associated with phytoplankton iron uptake. Using a suite of model experiments, we find 21st century climate change impacts on regional NPP range from −12.3% to +2.4% under a high emissions climate change scenario. This wide range arises from variations in the efficiency of iron retention in the upper ocean in the eastern equatorial Pacific across different scenarios of biological iron uptake, which affect the strength of regional iron limitation. Those scenarios where nitrogen limitation replaced iron limitation showed the largest projected NPP declines, while those where iron limitation was more resilient displayed little future change. All model scenarios have similar skill in reproducing past inter‐annual variations in regional ocean NPP, largely due to limited change in the historical period. Ultimately, projections of end of century upper trophic level biomass change are altered by 50%–80% across all plausible scenarios. Overall, we find that uncertainties in the biological iron cycle cascade through open ocean pelagic ecosystems, from plankton to fish, affecting their evolution under climate change. This highlights additional challenges to developing effective conservation and fisheries management policies under climate change.
Key rules of life and the fading cryosphere: Impacts in alpine lakes and streams
Authors: Elser James J. , Wu Chenxi , González Angélica L. , Shain Daniel H. , Smith Heidi J. , Sommaruga Ruben , Williamson Craig E. , Brahney Janice , Hotaling Scott , Vanderwall Joseph , Yu Jinlei , Aizen Vladimir , Aizen Elena , Battin Tom J. , Camassa Roberto , Feng Xiu , Jiang Hongchen , Lu Lixin , Qu John J. , Ren Ze , Wen Jun , Wen Lijuan , Woods H. Arthur , Xiong Xiong , Xu Jun , Yu Gongliang , Harper Joel T. , Saros Jasmine E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlpine regions are changing rapidly due to loss of snow and ice in response to ongoing climate change. While studies have documented ecological responses in alpine lakes and streams to these changes, our ability to predict such outcomes is limited. We propose that the application of fundamental rules of life can help develop necessary predictive frameworks. We focus on four key rules of life and their interactions: the temperature dependence of biotic processes from enzymes to evolution; the wavelength dependence of the effects of solar radiation on biological and ecological processes; the ramifications of the non‐arbitrary elemental stoichiometry of life; and maximization of limiting resource use efficiency across scales. As the cryosphere melts and thaws, alpine lakes and streams will experience major changes in temperature regimes, absolute and relative inputs of solar radiation in ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiation, and relative supplies of resources (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), leading to nonlinear and interactive effects on particular biota, as well as on community and ecosystem properties. We propose that applying these key rules of life to cryosphere‐influenced ecosystems will reduce uncertainties about the impacts of global change and help develop an integrated global view of rapidly changing alpine environments. However, doing so will require intensive interdisciplinary collaboration and international cooperation. More broadly, the alpine cryosphere is an example of a system where improving our understanding of mechanistic underpinnings of living systems might transform our ability to predict and mitigate the impacts of ongoing global change across the daunting scope of diversity in Earth's biota and environments.
A Reliable Method for Determining the Oxidation State of Manganese at the Microscale in Mn Oxides via Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Bernardini Simone , Bellatreccia Fabio , Della Ventura Giancarlo , Sodo Armida 
Published: September 2020

Manganese oxides are important geomaterials, widespread in terrestrial and Martian environments. Characterisation of the oxidation state of Mn is a central issue in science; this task has been addressed up to the present by X‐ray spectroscopy or diffraction techniques. The former, however, requires access to synchrotron facilities, while the latter does not provide crystal‐chemical information at the local scale. In this work, we compare a large set of Raman data from well‐characterised samples, already published by the same authors of this paper or as found in the literature. We show a clear correlation between the oxidation state of Mn and the wavenumber of peculiar bands; octahedrally co‐ordinated Mn2+ is recognised by a band around 530 cm−1, Mn3+ by a band around 580 cm−1 and Mn4+ by a band around 630 cm−1, while tetrahedrally co‐ordinated Mn2+ is recognisable by a band around 650 cm−1. Strongly distorted Mn3+ octahedra are indicated by the appearance of Jahn–Teller modes. Our method allows a reliable, easily accessible tool to characterise the oxidation states of Mn in oxides, also suitable for microscale mapping. It provides a robust analytical basis for the use of these minerals as redox indicators in geology/geochemistry, in exoplanetary research or for monitoring technological processes.
Open‐canopy ponds benefit diurnal pollinator communities in an agricultural landscape: implications for farmland pond management
Authors: Walton R.E. , Sayer C.D. , Bennion H. , Axmacher J.C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeclines in pollinating invertebrates across intensively cultivated landscapes linked to reductions in flower‐rich habitats constitute a key threat to biodiversity conservation and the provision of ecosystem services. Over recent decades, many ponds in agricultural landscapes have become overgrown with woody vegetation, resulting in heavily shaded, flower‐poor pond basins and margins. Restoration of farmland ponds through removal of sediment and encroaching woody vegetation (canopy management) from pond margins greatly enhances freshwater biodiversity. Nevertheless, the consequences of pond management for pond‐margin plants and pollinating insects remain poorly understood. Here, we studied these effects for ponds in Norfolk, eastern England.We compared richness, abundance and composition of pollinating insects (hymenopterans and syrphids) and insect‐pollinated plant communities between open‐canopy pond systems subjected to either (i) long‐term regular management of woody vegetation or (ii) recent restoration by woody vegetation and sediment removal with those communities at (iii) ponds dominated by woody vegetation.Canopy management increased the richness and abundance of pollinators and insect‐pollinated plants. Pollinator richness and abundance was best explained by improvements in flower resources at open‐canopy ponds. Management most strongly influenced hymenopteran communities.Ponds represent important semi‐natural habitats for insect‐pollinated plant and pollinator communities in farmland. To enhance food resources, diversity and abundance of diurnal pollinators, conservation management at ponds should aim for mosaics of ponds at different successional stages with a high proportion of early successional open‐canopy ponds. Agricultural ponds are emerging as important habitats not only for aquatic biodiversity, but also for terrestrial species, thus warranting their prioritisation in future agri‐environment schemes.
Effect of processing on the microbiological quality and safety of chicken carcasses at slaughterhouse
Authors: Perez‐Arnedo Iratxe , Cantalejo María J. , Martínez‐Laorden Alba , Gonzalez‐Fandos Elena 
Published: September 2020

SummaryMicrobiological contamination of chicken meat depends on the conditions under which the animals are reared, slaughtered and processed. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of farm origin and processing stages at slaughterhouse on the microbial safety and quality of chicken. Samples of chicken carcasses from three different farms were taken from a slaughterhouse. Mesophiles, Escherichia coli, coagulase positive Staphylococcci counts, presence of Listeria monocytogenes,Campylobacter and Salmonella were determined at five sampling points: after defeathering, after evisceration, after washing, after chilling and after cutting. Chilling reduced log numbers of mesophiles, coagulase positive Staphylococci and E. coli by 0.85, 1.52 and 2.2 log units, respectively. Salmonella was not detected after chilling. High prevalence of Campylobacter spp was observed at all the stages ranging between 84% and 100%. L. monocytogenes was not detected in chicken carcasses after defeathering. However, it was detected after evisceration and after washing and chilling. The most critical stage for L. monocytogenes contamination was the portioning operation, the prevalence in breast and legs being 88% and 84%, respectively.
Four phenolic acids from purple sweet potato and their effects on physicochemical, digestive and structural characteristics of starch
Authors: Su Jiayi , Tan Chang , Gao Yang , Feng Ying 
Published: September 2020

SummaryLiquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was employed to investigate free phenols that were released from purple sweet potato (PSP) by alkaline, acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. Four phenolic acids, including ferulic, isoferulic, 4‐hydroxybenzoic and caffeic acids, were identified. Based on their effects on the characteristics of purple sweet potato starch (PSPS), the four phenolic acids were studied. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to explore the microstructures of the complexes of the phenolic acids and PSPS. The obtained results demonstrated that the pasting, thermal, retrogradation, as well as digestive properties of PSPS were all influenced by the phenolic acids which interacted with PSPS through noncovalent hydrogen bonds. The influence of the four phenolic acids on the properties of PSPS was in the descending order: 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid > ferulic acid > caffeic acid > isoferulic acid.