bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria-targeted artesunate conjugated cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes as potent anti-HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma agents
Authors: Ye Rui-Rong , Peng Wan , Chen Bi-Chun , Jiang Ning , Chen Xuan-Qin , Mao Zong-Wan , Li Rong-Tao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a serious threat to people’s health worldwide. Artesunate (ART), one of the classical antimalarial drugs, has recently been shown to exert significant cytotoxicity in various cancers, but its bioavailability is low. Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes have emerged as a promising class of anticancer therapeutic agents. Herein, through conjugation of two of them, three novel Ir(iii)–ART conjugates, [Ir(C–N)2(bpy-ART)](PF6) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, C–N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy, Ir-ART-1), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy, Ir-ART-2), and 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy, Ir-ART-3)) have been synthesized, and their potential as anti-HCC agents was evaluated. We demonstrate that Ir-ART-1–3 display higher cytotoxicity against HCC cell lines than normal liver cells, and they can especially locate to mitochondria of HepG2 cells and induce a series of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis events. Moreover, Ir-ART-1–3 can regulate the cell cycle and inhibit metastasis of HepG2 cells. Finally, in vivo antitumor evaluation also demonstrates the inhibitory activity of Ir-ART-1 on tumor growth. Taken together, these Ir(iii)–ART conjugates have the potential to become drug candidates for future anti-HCC treatments.
Huntington’s disease genotype suppresses global manganese-responsive processes in pre-manifest and manifest YAC128 mice
Authors: Pfalzer Anna C , Wilcox Jordyn M , Codreanu Simona G , Totten Melissa , Bichell Terry J V , Halbesma Timothy , Umashanker Preethi , Yang Kevin L , Parmalee Nancy L , Sherrod Stacy D , Erikson Keith M , Harrison Fiona E , McLean John A , Aschner Michael , Bowman Aaron B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for the proper function of several enzymes. Accumulating evidence demonstrates a selective decrease of bioavailable Mn in vulnerable cell types of Huntington’s Disease (HD), an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. Amelioration of underlying pathophysiology, such as alterations in Mn-dependent biology, may be therapeutic. We therefore sought to investigate global Mn-dependent and Mn-responsive biology following various Mn exposures in a mouse model of HD. YAC128 and wildtype (WT) littermate control mice received one of three different Mn exposure paradigms by subcutaneous injection of 50 mg kg−1 MnCl2·4(H2O) across two distinct HD disease stages. “Pre-manifest” (12-week old mice) mice received either a single (1 injection) or week-long (3 injections) exposure of Mn or vehicle (H2O) and were sacrificed at the pre-manifest stage. “Manifest” (32-week old) mice were sacrificed following either a week-long Mn or vehicle exposure during the manifest stage, or a 20-week-long chronic (2× weekly injections) exposure that began in the pre-manifest stage. Tissue Mn, mRNA, protein, and metabolites were measured in the striatum, the brain region most sensitive to neurodegeneration in HD. Across all Mn exposure paradigms, pre-manifest YAC128 mice exhibited a suppressed response to transcriptional and protein changes and manifest YAC128 mice showed a suppressed metabolic response, despite equivalent elevations in whole striatal Mn. We conclude that YAC128 mice respond differentially to Mn compared to WT as measured by global transcriptional, translational, and metabolomic changes, suggesting an impairment in Mn homeostasis across two different disease stages in YAC128 mice.
Photoevaporation of the Jovian circumplanetary disk
Authors: Oberg N. , Kamp I. , Cazaux S. , Rab Ch. 
Published: May 2020

Context.The Galilean satellites are thought to have formed from a circumplanetary disk (CPD) surrounding Jupiter. When it reached a critical mass, Jupiter opened an annular gap in the solar protoplanetary disk that might have exposed the CPD to radiation from the young Sun or from the stellar cluster in which the Solar System formed.Aims.We investigate the radiation field to which the Jovian CPD was exposed during the process of satellite formation. The resulting photoevaporation of the CPD is studied in this context to constrain possible formation scenarios for the Galilean satellites and explain architectural features of the Galilean system.Methods.We constructed a model for the stellar birth cluster to determine the intracluster far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation field. We employed analytical annular gap profiles informed by hydrodynamical simulations to investigate a range of plausible geometries for the Jovian gap. We used the radiation thermochemical code PRODIMOto evaluate the incident radiation field in the Jovian gap and the photoevaporation of an embedded 2D axisymmetric CPD.Results.We derive the time-dependent intracluster FUV radiation field for the solar birth cluster over 10 Myr. We find that intracluster photoevaporation can cause significant truncation of the Jovian CPD. We determine steady-state truncation radii for possible CPDs, finding that the outer radius is proportional to the accretion rateṀ0.4. For CPD accretion ratesṀ< 10−12M⊙yr−1, photoevaporative truncation explains the lack of additional satellites outside the orbit of Callisto. For CPDs of massMCPD< 10−6.2M⊙, photoevaporation can disperse the disk before Callisto is able to migrate into the Laplace resonance. This explains why Callisto is the only massive satellite that is excluded from the resonance.
Unveiling pure-metal ejecta X-ray emission in supernova remnants through their radiative recombination continuum
Authors: Greco Emanuele , Vink Jacco , Miceli Marco , Orlando Salvatore , Domček Vladimir , Zhou Ping , Bocchino Fabrizio , Peres Giovanni 
Published: May 2020

Context. Spectral analysis of X-ray emission from ejecta in supernova remnants (SNRs) is hampered by the low spectral resolution of CCD detectors, which typically creates a degeneracy between the best-fit values of chemical abundances and the plasma emission measure. The combined contribution of shocked ambient medium and ejecta to the emerging X-ray emission further complicates the determination of the ejecta mass and chemical composition. This degeneracy leads to big uncertainties in mass estimates and can introduce a bias in the comparison between the ejecta chemical composition derived from the observations and the yields predicted by explosive nucleosynthesis models.
Aims. We explore the capabilities of present and future spectral instruments with the aim of identifying a spectral feature that may allow us to discriminate between metal-rich and pure-metal plasmas in X-ray spectra of SNRs.
Methods. We studied the behavior of the most common X-ray emission processes of an optically thin plasma in the high-abundance regime. We investigated spectral features of bremsstrahlung, radiative recombination continua (RRC), and line emission, by exploring a wide range of chemical abundances, plasma temperatures, and ionization parameters. We then synthesized X-ray spectra from a state-of-the-art 3D hydrodynamic simulation of Cas A, by using the response matrix from the Chandra ACIS-S charged-coupled device detector and that of the XRISM/Resolve X-ray calorimeter spectrometer.
Results. We found that a bright RRC shows up when the plasma is made of pure-metal ejecta, and a high spectral resolution is needed to actually identify this ejecta signature. We tested and verified the applicability of our novel diagnostic tool and we propose a promising target for the future detection of such spectral feature: the southeastern Fe-rich clump of Cas A.
Conclusions. While there is no way to unambiguously reveal pure-metal ejecta emission with CCD detectors, X-ray calorimeters will be able to pinpoint the presence of pure-metal RRC and to recover correctly absolute mass and the chemical composition of the ejecta, opening a new window on the link between progenitor star, supernova and SNRs.
Transverse coronal loop oscillations excited by homologous circular-ribbon flares
Authors: Zhang Q. M. , Dai J. , Xu Z. , Li D. , Lu L. , Tam K. V. , Xu A. A. 
Published: May 2020

Aims. We report our multiwavelength observations of two homologous circular-ribbon flares in active region 11991 on 2014 March 5, focusing on the transverse oscillations of an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) loop excited by the flares.
Methods. The flares were observed in ultraviolet and EUV wavelengths by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft. These flares were also observed in Hα line center by the 1 m New Vacuum Solar Telescope. Soft X-ray fluxes of the flares in 0.5–4 and 1–8 Å were recorded by the GOES spacecraft.
Results. The transverse oscillations are of fast standing kink mode. The first-stage oscillation triggered by the C2.8 flare is decayless with lower amplitudes (310–510 km). The periods (115–118 s) in different wavelengths are nearly the same, indicating coherent oscillations. The magnetic field of the loop is estimated to be 65–78 G. The second-stage oscillation triggered by the M1.0 flare is decaying with larger amplitudes (1250–1280 km). The periods decrease from 117 s in 211 Å to 70 s in 171 Å, implying a decrease of loop length or an implosion after a gradual expansion. The damping time, which is 147–315 s, increases with the period, so that the values of τ/P are close to each other in different wavelengths. The thickness of the inhomogeneous layer is estimated to be ∼0″​​​.45 under the assumption of resonant absorption.
Conclusions. This is the first observation of the excitation of two kink-mode loop oscillations by two sympathetic flares. The results are important to understand the excitation of kink oscillations of coronal loops and hence the energy balance in the solar corona. Our findings also validate the prevalence of significantly amplified amplitudes of oscillations by successive drivers.
Interkulturelles Personalmanagement im ärztlichen Bereich
Authors: Klüter Harald , Bachner Ingeborg 
Published: May 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Anteil in Deutschland tätiger ausländischer Ärzte steigt an. In 2018 betrug der Zuwachs 3500 und insgesamt waren annähernd 55 000 Ärztinnen und Ärzte aus dem Ausland in deutschen Kliniken beschäftigt 1. Berücksichtigt man den demografischen Wandel und die zunehmende Zahl an altersbedingten Austritten in den Ruhestand wird zukünftig etwa jeder 4. bis 5. im Krankenhaus tätige Arzt aus dem Ausland stammen. In die ausländischen Ärzte muss zu Beginn ihrer Tätigkeit am neuen Arbeitsort in Deutschland auf vielfältige Weise zur beruflichen Qualifizierung investiert werden. Ein interkulturell ausgerichtetes Personalmanagement im Krankenhaus ist nötig, um die rekrutierten Kräfte in ihrer ärztlichen Rolle weiterzuentwickeln und zu binden.
Nierenersatztherapie auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Kielstein Jan T. , Eden Gabriele 
Published: May 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie akute Nierenschädigung tritt heute vor allem bei Intensivpatienten nach großen operativen Eingriffen, mit Sepsis oder im Rahmen des Versagens eines oder mehrerer anderer Organe auf. Intensivpatienten, die einer Nierenersatztherapie bedürfen, haben eine Krankenhausmortalität von ca. 60 %. Der Zeitpunkt des Beginns der Nierenersatztherapie ist Gegenstand zahlreicher Studien gewesen. Zu den hartnäckigsten Legenden in der Medizin zählt jene zum Harnstoff-Schwellenwert, der die Notwendigkeit einer Nierenersatztherapie anzeigen soll. Zwei rezente Arbeiten zeigen, dass allein ein durch den Laborwert getriggerter Dialysebeginn, z. B. Erfüllung der AKIN-3-Kriterien, dazu führt, dass knapp die Hälfte der Patienten eine Dialysetherapie bekommen, die sie nicht benötigt. Bezüglich der Dosis der Nierenersatztherapie konnte eine Meta-Analyse belegen, dass neben einem fehlenden Vorteil einer hohen Intensität der Nierenersatztherapie auf die Mortalität sogar die Wiederaufnahme der Nierenfunktion verzögert wird. Unter der hohen Dosis der heutzutage eingesetzten Nierenersatzverfahren kommt es auch zur vermehrten Elimination von Elektrolyten, Nährstoffen und Antibiotika, denn die Anpassung von Antibiotika an die Intensität der Nierenersatztherapie ist schwierig. Für die Behandlung der akuten Nierenschädigung stehen mehrere Nierenersatzverfahren zur Verfügung: die klassische intermittierende Hämodialyse, die kontinuierliche Nierenersatztherapie (CVVH), die verlängerte tägliche Dialyse (PIRRT/SLED/GENIUS-Dialyse) und die Peritonealdialyse. Trotz intensiver Forschungsbemühungen in diesem Gebiet gibt es bisher keine Studie, die die Überlegenheit eines dieser Verfahren in Bezug auf die Mortalität oder renale Endpunkte wie z. B. die Wiederaufnahme der Nierenfunktion belegen. Gegenwärtig gibt es auch keinen Konsens bezüglich der Kriterien für die Beendigung der Nierenersatztherapie. Die Menge des Urins scheint jedoch ein guter Parameter zu sein, auch die Höhe des Kreatininanstieges in der RRT-Pause (RRT: renal replacement therapy) oder die 6-h-Kreatininclearance eignen sich als Prädiktor für den erfolgreichen Auslass der Nierenersatztherapie.
The Effects of Agility Ladders on Performance: A Systematic
Review
Authors: Afonso José , da Costa Israel Teoldo , Camões Miguel , Silva Ana , Lima Ricardo Franco , Milheiro André , Martins Alexandre , Laporta Lorenzo , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , Clemente Filipe Manuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of exercise programs using
agility ladders and to assess the quality of available evidence. Search was conducted in
October of 2019 using the following databases: Cochrane Library, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus and Web
of Science. Study eligibility criteria included randomized trials or randomized controlled
trials using agility ladders drills. Participants were healthy humans of any health status. The
study appraisal and synthesis methods followed the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for
randomized trials (RoB 2) and a qualitative synthesis of the main results of each study were
applied. Only five studies met our criteria, lasting between 4 and 8 weeks. Only two studies
evaluated the effects of ladder drills on more than one dimension. Lack of description of the
specific exercises that were used limits reproducibility of current studies. With one
exception, the articles had low risk of bias for most domains. Despite the widespread
popularity of agility ladder drills, research is scarce and problematic, with poorly described
protocols and mostly unidimensional performance measures. Claims that agility ladders improve
agility and other physical skills is premature, given the nature and quality of existing
research.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Musa acuminata Stem
Authors: Apriasari Maharani Laillyza , Pramitha Selviana Rizky , Puspitasari Dewi , Ernawati Diah Savitri 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Musa acuminata through the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κB) after 3 days of application of Musa acuminata stem extract (MASE) gel on oral mucosal wound.
Materials and Methods An experimental study with post-test only control group design was conducted. Twenty male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) were injured on their left buccal mucosa and treated three times a day with MASE gel of varying concentrations: 0% (as control), MASE 25%, MASE 37.5%, and MASE 50%. On day 3, a biopsy was performed on each mucosal wound for later immunohistochemical analysis for the expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB.
Results The highest expression of TNF-α was observed in the control group (13.20 ± 1.79), while the lowest was in the treatment group using 50% MASE (6.40 ± 1.14). Meanwhile the comparison between treatment groups did not highlight any significant difference (p > 0.05). The highest expression of NF-κB was observed in the control group (13.20 ± 1.30), whereas the lowest was in the treatment group using MASE 50% (6.40 ± 1.14). NF-κB was significantly lower in the treatment group using MASE 50% when compared with other treatment groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Application of MASE on mucosal wound reduces the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB at all concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effect of MASE 50% was the strongest one.
Severe Bilateral Cervical Lymphadenomegaly Associated with Ethosuximide
Authors: Montenegro Maria Augusta , Cardinalli Izilda A. , Daiggi Camila Maia Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLymphadenomegaly associated with antiepileptic drugs is well documented; however, severe lymphadenopathy mimicking a neoplasm is a rare adverse event associated with antiepileptic drugs. It is usually characterized by a large cervical mass associated with fever, weight loss, skin rash, and abnormal complete blood count (atypical lymphocytes, eosinophilia, and abnormal neutrophil count). In this case report, we described a child with severe bilateral cervical lymphadenomegaly associated with ethosuximide, in which excisional biopsy of the enlarged nodes was needed to establish the final diagnosis. Prognosis was excellent after drug discontinuation.
Telehealth for High-Risk Pregnancies in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aziz Aleha , Zork Noelia , Aubey Janice J. , Baptiste Caitlin D. , D'Alton Mary E. , Emeruwa Ukachi N. , Fuchs Karin M. , Goffman Dena , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Haythe Jennifer H. , LaSala Anita P. , Madden Nigel , Miller Eliza C. , Miller Russell S. , Monk Catherine , Moroz Leslie , Ona Samsiya , Ring Laurence E. , Sheen Jean-Ju , Spiegel Erica S. , Simpson Lynn L. , Yates Hope S. , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: May 2020

As New York City became an international epicenter of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telehealth was rapidly integrated into prenatal care at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, an academic hospital system in Manhattan. Goals of implementation were to consolidate in-person prenatal screening, surveillance, and examinations into fewer in-person visits while maintaining patient access to ongoing antenatal care and subspecialty consultations via telehealth virtual visits. The rationale for this change was to minimize patient travel and thus risk for COVID-19 exposure. Because a large portion of obstetric patients had underlying medical or fetal conditions placing them at increased risk for adverse outcomes, prenatal care telehealth regimens were tailored for increased surveillance and/or counseling. Based on the incorporation of telehealth into prenatal care for high-risk patients, specific recommendations are made for the following conditions, clinical scenarios, and services: (1) hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and chronic hypertension; (2) pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus; (3) maternal cardiovascular disease; (4) maternal neurologic conditions; (5) history of preterm birth and poor obstetrical history including prior stillbirth; (6) fetal conditions such as intrauterine growth restriction, congenital anomalies, and multiple gestations including monochorionic placentation; (7) genetic counseling; (8) mental health services; (9) obstetric anesthesia consultations; and (10) postpartum care. While telehealth virtual visits do not fully replace in-person encounters during prenatal care, they do offer a means of reducing potential patient and provider exposure to COVID-19 while providing consolidated in-person testing and services.
Key Points
Swearwords reinterpreted
Authors: Li Bin , Dou Yan , Cui Yingting , Sheng Yuqi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Swearwords are common on the Internet nowadays. In addition to traditional forms and functions, new features and
uses have been created as disguises and hedges, or even as deviants from insults. Focusing on the ‘new swearwords’ prevalent in
Chinese social media, we identified the most commonly used novel swearwords developed and favoured by the young Chinese netizens,
and analysed their linguistic features and uses on a Chinese social network site. We discovered that certain swearwords have
undergone linguistic transformation to take up new grammatical and pragmatic functions. The invention and prevalence of these new
swearwords raise interesting points on the roles played by the Internet and social media in bringing netizens together and in
enabling them to create web content in their speech community.
Impact of sedentarism due to the COVID‐19 home confinement on neuromuscular, cardiovascular and metabolic health: Physiological and pathophysiological implications and recommendations for physical and nutritional countermeasures
Authors: Narici Marco , Vito Giuseppe De , Franchi Martino , Paoli Antonio , Moro Tatiana , Marcolin Giuseppe , Grassi Bruno , Baldassarre Giovanni , Zuccarelli Lucrezia , Biolo Gianni , di Girolamo Filippo Giorgio , Fiotti Nicola , Dela Flemming , Greenhaff Paul , Maganaris Constantinos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis as entire populations have been asked to self‐isolate and live in home‐confinement for several weeks to months, which in itself represents a physiological challenge with significant health risks. This paper describes the impact of sedentarism on the human body at the level of the muscular, cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine and nervous systems and is based on evidence from several models of inactivity, including bed rest, unilateral limb suspension, and step‐reduction. Data form these studies show that muscle wasting occurs rapidly, being detectable within two days of inactivity. This loss of muscle mass is associated with fibre denervation, neuromuscular junction damage and upregulation of protein breakdown, but is mostly explained by the suppression of muscle protein synthesis. Inactivity also affects glucose homeostasis as just few days of step reduction or bed rest, reduce insulin sensitivity, principally in muscle. Additionally, aerobic capacity is impaired at all levels of the O2 cascade, from the cardiovascular system, including peripheral circulation, to skeletal muscle oxidative function. Positive energy balance during physical inactivity is associated with fat deposition, associated with systemic inflammation and activation of antioxidant defences, exacerbating muscle loss. Importantly, these deleterious effects of inactivity can be diminished by routine exercise practice, but the exercise dose–response relationship is currently unknown. Nevertheless, low to medium‐intensity high volume resistive exercise, easily implementable in home‐settings, will have positive effects, particularly if combined with a 15–25% reduction in daily energy intake. This combined regimen seems ideal for preserving neuromuscular, metabolic and cardiovascular health.
Oscillations due to time-delayed driving of a ball in a water jet—a challenging problem of the International Physicists’ Tournament 2019
Authors: Michalke S , Fösel A , Schmiedeberg M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The International Physicists’ Tournament (IPT) 2019 dealt with 17 challenging problems. In this article, we present experimental as well as theoretical approaches as examples of one of these tasks. A ball placed on a hard and flat surface can oscillate when being hit by a jet of water from above. To explain the oscillations, a theoretical model is introduced and its predictions are compared to experimental measurements. Furthermore, the structure of the IPT itself is characterized briefly in this article, as well as the idea of a new and innovative seminar, which was set up at Erlangen University to prepare and assist students in taking part in the IPT. Furthermore, the educational relevance of physics tournaments such as IPT for physics education at university is discussed in detail.