bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genetic algorithm with neighborhood search procedures for unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times
Authors: Abreu Levi Ribeiro de , Prata Bruno de Athayde 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a hybrid meta-heuristic based on genetic algorithms (GAs), simulated annealing, variable neighborhood descent and path relinking for solving the variant of the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem considering sequence-dependent setup times.Design/methodology/approachThe authors carried out computational experiments on literature problem instances proposed by Vallada and Ruiz (2011) and Arnaoutet al.(2010) to test the performance of the proposed meta-heuristic. The objective function adopted was makespan minimization, and the authors used relative deviation, average and population standard deviation as performance criteria.FindingsThe results indicate the competitivity of the proposed approach and its superiority in comparison with several other algorithms. In small instances proposed by Vallada and Ruiz (2011) and on small and large instances proposed by Arnaoutet al.(2010), the proposed approach presented the best results in most tested problem instances.Practical implicationsIn small instances proposed by Vallada and Ruiz (2011) and on small and large instances proposed by Arnaoutet al.(2010), the proposed approach presented the best results in most tested problem instances.Originality/valueThe proposed approach presented high-quality results, with an innovative hybridization of a GA and neighborhood search algorithms, tested in diverse instances of literature. Furthermore, the case study demonstrated that the proposed approach is recommended for solving real-world problems.
Understanding the fate of shrimp aquaculture effluent in a mangrove ecosystem: Aiding management for coastal conservation
Authors: Hargan Kathryn E. , Williams Branwen , Nuangsaeng Bunlung , Siriwong Sarawut , Tassawad Pisut , Chaiharn Chatdanai , McAdoo Brian , Los Huertos Marc 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Areas dedicated to shrimp aquaculture have increased dramatically over the last 50 years. Resultant land‐use changes directly threaten the extent of mangroves and yield conflicts on the discharge location of aquaculture effluent.

Khung Krabaen Bay (KBB), Thailand, is reforesting mangroves while increasing the efficiency of shrimp aquaculture for local farmers. In this coupled shrimp farm–mangrove system, effective management requires understanding the fate of aquaculture organic matter (OM) in the coastal environment.

We examined carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) in primary producers and pools of particulate and sediment OM (POM, SOM) from the KKB mangrove and marine ecosystem to determine how shrimp aquaculture OM contributes to the coastal environment. Here, soy‐based shrimp feed resulted in low shrimp δ15N, similar to marine POM, and thus we focus on the use of δ13C in tracking shrimp pond effluent in the environment.

δ13C signatures of SOM varied significantly along a land‐to‐ocean gradient (–29.1‰ to –23.9‰). We found consistently depleted mangrove SOM δ13C signatures (–29.4‰ to –28.2‰) indicating that mangrove leaf litter is the primary source of OM to mangrove sediments, and there is little evidence that marine and shrimp pond OM contributes to the mangrove habitat. In contrast, relatively low δ13C values for marine SOM (–25.7‰ to –23.9‰) overlap with the δ13C of shrimp feed (–25.3‰) and Bayesian mixing models indicate that shrimp aquaculture feed and mangrove vegetation contribute the greatest OM to the marine ecosystem.

Compared to 20 years ago, marine SOM δ13C signatures are depleted by ~10‰ and similar throughout KKB, indicating a homogenization of marine SOM carbon sources from 1998 to 2018.

Synthesis and applications. The doubling of shrimp aquaculture in Khung Krabaen Bay (KKB) since 1998 led to increased discharge to the bay, swamping organic matter (OM) contributions from 13C‐enriched seagrasses and marine plankton. Because of this increase in effluent release to KKB, the chemical impact is likely to be greater for the marine ecosystem than the mangrove and should also be a focus of conservation efforts. Continued technological improvements (e.g. closed systems, better feed efficiency) and support to local aquaculture farmers will help reduce OM discharge to coastal ecosystems and promote sustainable farming practices.
Safeguarding the rare woodland species Gagea spathacea: Understanding habitat requirements is not sufficient
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , Härdtle Werner , Matthies Diethart , Arnold Volker , Erfmeier Alexandra , Hemke Tanja , Jansen Doris , Lütt Silke , Schmidt Marcus , Sturm Knut , von Oheimb Goddert , Ohse Bettina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA large proportion of temperate forest plant diversity is found in the herb layer. However, for many of its species, little is known about their autecology, which makes it difficult to assess potential threats and efficiently safeguard the diversity of understorey herbaceous communities. This also applies to Gagea spathacea (Liliaceae), a globally rare spring geophyte, which mainly occurs in deciduous forests of northern Central Europe. We investigated the causal relationships between population characteristics of G. spathacea and abiotic site conditions across different forest communities in the center of its distributional range. Leaf length (a surrogate of the species' vegetative propagation) was positively related to soil moisture and soil nitrogen. Consequently, mean leaf length was highest in moist forest communities of the alliance Alno‐Ulmion. Moreover, mean variability in leaf length was lowest in those forests, indicating a higher and more stable vegetative propagation via bulbils. We found no support for a significant relationship between leaf length and leaf density or between leaf length and flower formation. Population density varied strongly among forest sites, but was not related to soil moisture and hardly influenced by soil nitrogen. Our results suggest that soil water and nutrient supply play a vital role in determining the species' vegetative propagation, whereas the duration of habitat continuity is most likely an important determinant of population size and density. Conservation strategies therefore require a better understanding of the complex interrelationships between abiotic site conditions and the historical context‐dependency of habitats.
Spatial Distributions of Oxygen Stable Isotope Ratios in Tap Water From Mexico for Region of Origin Predictions of Unidentified Border Crossers
Authors: Ammer Saskia T. M. , Bartelink Eric J. , Vollner Jennifer M. , Anderson Bruce E. , Cunha Eugénia M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the many difficulties associated with identifying undocumented border crossers stems from an inability to narrow down the search area for the region of origin and family members to obtain family reference samples for DNA comparison. While the geography of regions of origins is wide, the biological profiles of the undocumented border crossers often show strong similarities, young and male. The isotopic composition of human bones, teeth, and hair has been demonstrated to be useful biomarkers for tracing locations and movements of individuals and for aiding in the identification of human remains. Data obtained from human remains can be compared to and aligned with various reference sources, such as soils and bedrock, archaeological remains, or cultural data. Here, the spatial deficiency in isotopic reference data for Mexico, specifically for oxygen (δ18O) isotopes in tap water, is being addressed through the collection and analysis of over 150 water samples and explored with tooth enamel isotopic values from recently identified Mexican nationals. The isoscape was developed using a Spine with Barriers interpolation method and shows sufficient detail to narrow down the regions where specific isotopic values are represented. The individuals were plotted on the developed isoscape using conditional correlations. The methodology was successful in assigning the correct regions of origin for the two individuals, which shows the tremendous potential of the developed isoscape. Nonetheless, there is more research needed to further improve upon this geolocation method, including analysis of multiple isotopes in different tissues, and the development of new isotopic methods.
A multiplex PCR assay with a common primer for the detection of eleven foodborne pathogens
Authors: Tao Jing , Liu Wanwan , Ding Wei , Han Rong , Shen Qiang , Xia Yu , Zhang Yahan , Sun Wanping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSalmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium botulinum type A, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens Alpha toxin, and Yersinia enterocolitica are 11 common foodborne pathogens. Traditional bacterial culture methods for detecting pathogens are time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. Multiplex PCR technology, which can detect multiple targets in a single tube, has been increasingly applied to microbial detection due to its high specificity, sensitivity, and fast response. This paper is to establish a multiplex PCR technology mediated by a common primer for the detection of these 11 common foodborne pathogens in order to achieve the goal of nondirectional screening for these 11 common foodborne pathogens. The specificity of the established CP‐MPCR detection system was first verified by 100 clinical isolates. The sensitivity of the CP‐MPCR detection system was then detected by using cultured bacteria preparations and has been confirmed with a high sensitivity of 103 to 104 CFU/mL, among them, the sensitivity of the CP‐MPCR for Vibrio cholerae and S. flexneri can even achieve 102 CFU/mL. Sixty anal swab samples collected from Suzhou CDC and 16 enrichment cultured solutions of food samples collected from the Suzhou Food Inspection and Testing Center were tested using the CP‐MPCR system. A total of 32 positive results were detected.Practical ApplicationFood poisoning incidents occur frequently around the world, mainly because of the contamination of food by pathogenic bacteria and serious harm to human health. The method provided in this study can detect 11 foodborne pathogens in food, which can effectively prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. At the same time, for the food poisoning incident that has already occurred, this method can be used for diagnosis to find out the cause.
Effects of µ‐calpain oxidation on Coregonus peled myofibrillar protein degradation in vitro
Authors: Qin Junwei , Deng Xiaorong , Lei Yongdong , Liu Pingping , Lu Shiling , Zhang Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of µ‐calpain oxidation on Coregonus peled myofibrillar protein degradation. In the present study, a hydroxyl radical oxidation system was selected to investigate oxidative modification on µ‐calpain activity and its degradation on C. peled myofibrillar protein. When subjected to oxidation, the carbonyl content of µ‐calpain significantly increased with the increasing of oxidation levels, and oxidation modification promoted the µ‐calpain activity. Incubation of C. peled myofibrillar protein with oxidized µ‐calpain resulted in the enhanced degradation of myosin heavy chains, actin, and troponin T, but the degradation of desmin at higher levels of oxidation was slightly inhibited, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. This study suggests that oxidation treatment of µ‐calpain could accelerate myofibrillar proteolysis through regulating the enzyme activity during postmortem aging.Practical ApplicationEndogenous proteases, especially µ‐calpain, are reported to be involved in fish softening during early postmortem storage, which is critical to muscle quality. The cysteine residues of proteins are particularly sensitive to oxidation. The investigation of the effect of oxidation on µ‐calpain (a cysteine protease) activity allows for the monitoring of its role in the postmortem proteolysis of fish myofibrils and the associated softening of fish meat, in an attempt to minimize this softening.
hyperoverlap: Detecting biological overlap in n‐dimensional space
Authors: Brown Matilda J. M. , Holland Barbara R. , Jordan Greg J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Comparative biological studies often investigate the morphological, physiological or ecological divergence (or overlap) between entities such as species or populations. Here we discuss the weaknesses of using existing methods to analyse patterns of phenotypic overlap and present a novel method to analyse co‐occurrence in multidimensional space.

We propose a ‘hyperoverlap’ framework to detect qualitative overlap (or divergence) between point datasets and present the hyperoverlap r package which implements this framework, including functions for visualization. hyperoverlap uses support vector machines (SVMs) to train a classifier based on point data (such as morphological or ecological data) for two entities. This classifier finds the optimal boundary between the two sets of data and compares the predictions to the original labels. Misclassification is an evidence of overlap between the two entities. We demonstrate the theoretical and practical advantages of this method compared to existing approaches (e.g. single‐entity hypervolume models) using the bioclimatic data extracted from global occurrence records of conifers.

We find that there are instances where single‐entity hypervolume models predict overlap, but there are no observations of either entity in the shared hypervolume. In these instances, hyperoverlap reports nonoverlap. We show that our method is stable and less likely to be affected by sampling biases than current approaches. We also find that hyperoverlap is particularly effective for situations involving entities with a small number of data points (e.g. narrowly endemic species) for which single‐entity models cannot be reliably constructed.

We argue that overlap can be reliably detected using hyperoverlap, particularly for descriptive studies. The method proposed here is a valuable tool for studying patterns of overlap in a multidimensional space.
Understanding the effects of the bovine POLLED variants
Authors: Aldersey J. E. , Sonstegard T. S. , Williams J. L. , Bottema C. D. K. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryHorns are paired appendages on the head of bovine species, comprising an inner bony core and outer keratin sheath. The horn bud forms during early fetal development but ossification of the developing horn does not occur until approximately 1 month after birth. Little is known about the genetic pathways that lead to horn growth. Hornless, or polled, animals are found in all domestic bovids. Histological studies of bovine fetuses have shown that the horn bud does not form in polled individuals. There are currently four known genetic variants for polledness in cattle on BTA1. All of the variants are intergenic, but probably affect regulation of nearby genes or long non‐coding RNAs. Transcriptomic studies suggest that the expression of two nearby long non‐coding RNAs are affected by the Celtic POLLED variant, but further studies are required to confirm these data. Candidate genes located elsewhere in the genome are involved in regulating bone formation and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Expression of one of these candidate genes, RXFP2, appears to be reduced in the fetal horn bud of polled animals carrying the Celtic variant compared with horned individuals. Investigating horn ontogenesis and the genetic pathway by which the POLLED variants prevent horn development has implications for cattle breeding. If the genetic basis of horn bud formation and polledness is better understood, then new targets may be identified for precision genome editing to create polled individuals.
Reading in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy was related to functional connectivity in cognitive control regions
Authors: Kraus Dror , Vannest Jennifer , Arya Ravindra , Hutton John S. , Leach James L. , Mangano Francesco T. , Tenney Jeffrey R. , Byars Anna W. , DeWitt Thomas G. , Horowitz‐Kraus Tzipi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to define whether individuals with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy also used regions related to cognitive control to facilitate reading.MethodsWe focused on patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy in 2011‐2014, who were aged 8‐20 years and were being treated at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital, USA. They performed a verb generation functional magnetic resonance imaging task known to involve language and cognitive control, as well as a formal reading assessment. The reading scores were correlated with functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using seed‐to‐voxel analysis.ResultsThere were 81 potential patients and 13 (seven females) met the inclusion criteria. Their age at seizure onset was 0‐13 years, and they had a mean age of 12.66 ± 3.17 years at the time of the study. Individuals with epilepsy demonstrated average intelligence and word reading ability. Their reading scores were positively correlated with functional connectivity between the ACC and regions related to emotional processing (right amygdala), learning and language processing (left cerebellum) and visual processing.ConclusionOur results support the role that the ACC plays in proficient reading among children with drug‐resistant epilepsy, even in those with epileptogenic foci in areas related to language.
Systematic review on retinal microvasculature, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and adiposity in children and adolescents
Authors: Sousa‐Sá Eduarda , Zhang Zhiguang , Pereira João R. , Wright Ian M. , Okely Anthony D. , Santos Rute 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimAs retinal microvasculature (RMV) can be assessed non‐invasively, it presents an opportunity to examine the health and disease of the human microcirculation, as RMV alterations have been recognised as one of the earliest signs of cardiovascular risk. This review summarises current literature on the associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and/or adiposity and RMV in children and adolescents aged 0‐18 years.MethodsSix databases were searched (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO and CINAHL), through to December 11, 2019. English, Portuguese, French, Spanish or Dutch were the languages searched. Meta‐analyses were performed using the meta‐analyst software.ResultsA total of 6796 studies were screened, and 26 studies were included, representing 24 448 participants, from 12 different countries. Studies reporting results on weight status were twenty‐three, PA was assessed in six studies, and SB was assessed in three studies. Four studies examined weight status and PA/SB. Meta‐analysis was performed for two studies and showed that children with obesity have smaller retinal arterioles (−2.38 µm difference, 95% CI 0.62, 4.15 µm) and larger retinal venules (2.74 µm difference, 95% CI −4.78, −0.72 µm) than children without obesity.ConclusionResults showed that adiposity was associated with microvascular alterations in children and adolescents. Increased adiposity, lack of PA and high levels of SB were negatively correlated with vessel width parameters.
Endothelial cell and T‐cell crosstalk: Targeting metabolism as a therapeutic approach in chronic inflammation
Authors: Certo Michelangelo , Elkafrawy Hagar , Pucino Valentina , Cucchi Danilo , Cheung Kenneth C.P. , Mauro Claudio 
Published: January 2020

The role of metabolic reprogramming in the coordination of the immune response has gained increasing consideration in recent years. Indeed, it has become clear that changes in the metabolic status of immune cells can alter their functional properties. During inflammation, T cells need to generate sufficient energy and biomolecules to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Therefore, T cells need to rearrange their metabolism to meet these demands. A similar metabolic reprogramming has been described in endothelial cells, which have the ability to interact with and modulate the function of immune cells. In this overview, we will discuss recent insights in the complex crosstalk between endothelial cells and T cells as well as their metabolic reprogramming following activation. We highlight key components of this metabolic switch that can lead to the development of new therapeutics against chronic inflammatory disorders.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Cellular metabolism and diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.10/issuetoc
Friendly compensation committees and pay‐for‐luck asymmetry: Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Pan Hunghua , Liao Yi‐Ping , Hsu Chia‐Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThe study examines whether the presence of social ties between compensation committee members and executives explains pay‐for‐luck asymmetry in compensation, which means that the compensation contracts reward executives with higher pay for good luck but minimally penalize them with lower pay for bad luck.Research Findings/InsightsWe find that half of our sample firms have a friendly compensation committee, defined as the majority of the committee members having at least two social ties with executives. For firms with a friendly compensation committee, executives tend to be rewarded for good luck but not be penalized for bad luck, which indicates the presence of pay‐for‐luck asymmetry. For firms without a friendly compensation committee, their executive compensation is not associated with good luck or bad luck.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe higher homophily due to social ties between compensation committee members and executives induces the committee to be more mentally close to or loosen the monitoring intensity over executives, and to be less likely to make an unfavorable design of compensation toward executives in the presence of bad luck. We complement existing studies by clearly demonstrating the channel through which executives influence the committee members. We also highlight the decisive role of the compensation committee in examining pay‐for‐luck asymmetry research issues.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur findings inform practitioners that social ties between compensation committee members and executives may impair the monitoring intensity of the committee, and hence, regulators should take measures to mandate or at least encourage firms to provide social ties information.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL9iGjERnRo&feature=youtu.be