bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SediNet: a configurable deep learning model for mixed qualitative and quantitative optical granulometry
Authors: Buscombe Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractI describe a configurable machine‐learning framework to estimate a suite of continuous and categorical sedimentological properties from photographic imagery of sediment, and to exemplify how machine learning can be a powerful and flexible tool for automated quantitative and qualitative measurements from remotely sensed imagery. The model is tested on a dataset consisting of 409 images and associated detailed label data. The data are from a much wider sedimentological spectrum than previous optical granulometry studies, consisting of both well‐ and poorly sorted sediment, terrigenous, carbonate, and volcaniclastic sands and gravels and their mixtures, and grain sizes spanning over two orders of magnitude. I demonstrate the model framework by configuring it in several ways, to estimate two categories (describing grain shape and population, respectively) and nine numeric grain size percentiles in pixels from a single input image. Grain size is then recovered using the physical size of a pixel. Finally, I demonstrate that the model can be configured and trained to estimate equivalent sieve diameters directly from image features, without the need for area‐to‐mass conversion formulas and without even knowing the scale of one pixel. Thus it is the only optical granulometry method proposed to date that does not necessarily require image scaling. The flexibility of the model framework should facilitate numerous application in the spatiotemporal monitoring of the grain size distribution, shape, mineralogy and other quantities of interest of sedimentary deposits as they evolve, as well as other texture‐based proxies extracted from remotely sensed imagery. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient three‐level explicit time‐split scheme for solving two‐dimensional unsteady nonlinear coupled Burgers' equations
Authors: Ngondiep Eric 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis work deals with the numerical solutions of two‐dimensional viscous coupled Burgers' equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions using a three‐level explicit time‐split MacCormack approach. In this technique, the differential operators split the two‐dimensional problem into two pieces so that the two‐step explicit MacCormack scheme can be easily applied to each subproblem. This reduces the computational cost of the algorithm. For low Reynolds numbers, the proposed method is second‐order accurate in time and fourth‐order convergent in space, whereas it is second‐order convergent in both time and space for high Reynolds numbers problems. This observation shows the utility and efficiency of the considered method compared with a broad range of numerical schemes widely studied in the literature for solving the two‐dimensional time‐dependent nonlinear coupled Burgers' equations. A large set of numerical examples that confirm the theoretical results are presented and critically discussed.
A wavelet‐based variational multiscale method for the LES of incompressible flows in a high‐order DG‐FEM framework
Authors: Pinto Brijesh , de la Llave Plata Marta , Lamballais Eric 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis work focuses upon the development of a wavelet‐based variant of the variational multiscale method (VMS) for accurate and efficient large eddy simulation (LES) called wavelet‐based VMS‐LES (WMS‐LES). This approach has been incorporated within the framework of a high‐order incompressible flow solver based upon the pressure‐stabilized discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG‐FEM). The VMS approach is designed to produce an a priori scale separation of the governing equations, in a manner which makes no assumptions on either the boundary conditions or the mesh uniformity. Using second‐generation wavelets (SGWs) elementwise for scale separation ensures, on one hand, the preservation of the computational compactness of the DG‐FEM scheme and, on the other hand, the ability to achieve scale separation in wavenumber space. The optimal space‐frequency localization property of the SGW provides an improvement over the commonly used Legendre polynomials. The suitability of the elementwise SGW scale‐separation operation as a tool for error indication has been demonstrated in an h‐adaptive computation of the reentrant corner test case. Finally, the DG‐FEM solver and the WMS‐LES method have been assessed through simulations upon the three‐dimensional Taylor‐Green vortex test case. Our results indicate that the WMS‐LES approach exhibits a distinct improvement over the monolevel LES approach. This effect is not produced by a change in the magnitude of the subgrid dissipation but rather by the redistribution of the subgrid dissipation in wavenumber space.
Is preventive care utilization associated with lower outpatient and inpatient health‐care expenses among Chinese older adults? A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Lee Yen‐Han , Chang Yen‐Chang , Shelley Mack 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundChina has made major improvements to its health‐care system since the early 21st century. However, the effectiveness of preventive care utilization on health‐care costs remains limited. This study seeks to understand the effect of preventive care utilization on outpatient and inpatient health‐care expenses.MethodsWith the use of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey with older adults who were 65 years old or above (n = 2828), Tobit regression models were estimated to examine the association of preventive care utilization and expenses with medical treatments. Preventive care utilization in the previous wave was used to predict health‐care costs for treatments in the next wave. Propensity score matching was used to reduce potentially confounding factors.FindingsResults indicated that preventive care utilization was positively associated with outpatient health care among Chinese older adults (β = 231.8, standard error [SE] = 71.5, P < .01). The association between preventive care utilization and inpatient health‐care expenses was not significant.ConclusionsDespite the results from previous studies suggesting that preventive care utilization can help reduce health‐care expenses, this study does not support such a claim among Chinese older adults. The long‐term association between preventive care utilization and health‐care expenses for treatment should be studied further.
Lymph node detection method based on multisource transfer learning and convolutional neural network
Authors: Ma Yingran , Peng Yanjun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven to be powerful tools for a broad range of computer vision tasks. However, training a CNN from scratch is difficult because it requires a large amount of labeled training data, which remains a challenge in medical imaging domain. To this end, deep transfer learning (TL) technique is widely used for many medical image tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel multisource transfer learning CNN model for lymph node detection. The mechanism behind it is straightforward. Point‐wise (1 × 1) convolution is used to fuse multisource transfer learning knowledge. Concretely, we view the transferred features as priori domain knowledge and 1 × 1 convolutional operation is implemented after pre‐trained convolution layers to adaptively combine the transfer information for target task. In order to learn non‐linear transferred features and prevent over‐fitting, we present an encode process for the pre‐trained convolution kernels. At last, based on convolutional factorization technique, we train the proposed CNN model and the encoder process jointly, which improves the feasibility of our approach. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on lymph node (LN) dataset: 388 mediastinal LNs labeled by radiologists in 90 patient CT scans, and 595 abdominal LNs in 86 patient CT scans for LN detection. Our method demonstrates sensitivities of about 85%/71% at 3 FP/vol. and 92%/85% at 6 FP/vol. for mediastinum and abdomen respectively, which compares favorably to previous methods.
Efficient synthesis, reactions, and biological activities of new thieno and furopyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazines and their related heterocycles
Authors: Zaki Remon M. , Kamal El‐Dean Adel M. , Radwan Shaban M. , Abd ul‐Malik Mokhtar A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the present investigation, a simple and straightforward methodology for the preparation of novel bifunctional thienopyrazolopyrazines 4a–d has been reported. Synthesis of thieno or furopyrazolopyrazines 5a,b,e,f was achieved by the reaction of o‐amino‐esters 4a,b,e,f with 2,5‐dimethoxytetrahydrofuran. The latter pyrrolyl derivatives 5a,b,e,f were used as starting intermediates for the synthesis of new pyrimido, pyrido, and pyrazino heterocycles fused to the thieno or furopyrazolopyrazine moiety. Furthermore, alkaline hydrolysis of the o‐amino‐ester 4a followed by acidification afforded the corresponding o‐amino carboxylic acid 15, which was used as a versatile precursor for the synthesis of other heterocyclic compounds fused to the thienopyrazolopyrazine ring system, namely: pyrimidine, oxazine, oxazepine, and pyridine derivatives 16–23. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of elemental and spectral analyses (Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy [FT‐IR], 1H nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], and mass spectroscopy [MS] in addition to 13C NMR for some of them). Moreover, from the biological screening, we found that most of the tested compounds exhibited promising antifungal, antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory activities compared with the corresponding reference drugs.
Design, synthesis, insecticidal, and acaricidal activities of novel pyrimidinamine derivatives containing a biphenyl ether
Authors: Li Lizhong , Zhou Chunge , Liu Minhua , Zhang Ping , Zhang Ning , Li Jianming , Li Tao , Liu Xingping , Cheng Shufen , Li Qianhe , Liu Aiping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA series of original pyrimidinamine derivatives containing a biphenyl ether moiety were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. Their insecticidal activities against lepidopteran and hemiptera insects and acaricidal activities were tested. The results of bioassay demonstrated that 9k showed the best activity (LC50 = 2.08 mg/L) against Tetranychus urticae, which is comparable with the positive control, spirotetramat (LC50 = 2.27 mg/L), and 9g showed better activity (LC50 = 0.52 mg/L) against Aphis fabae than the positive control, imidacloprid (LC50 = 1.02 mg/L), and relatively good activity (LC50 = 2.49 mg/L) against T urticae. Their structure‐activity relationships indicated that both an ethyl group on the 4‐position of the pyrimidine ring and alkyl chain as a para‐substituent group of the benzene ring showed good biological activity.
Summer albedo variations in the Arctic Sea ice region from 1982 to 2015
Authors: Peng Hai‐Tao , Ke Chang‐Qing , Shen Xiaoyi , Li Mengmeng , Shao Zhu‐De 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe spatiotemporal changes in the sea ice region albedo over the entire Arctic region and in eight subregions (the Central Arctic Ocean [CAO], the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas [BC], the East Siberian and Laptev Seas [ESL], Baffin Bay and Labrador Sea [BL], the Canadian Archipelago [CA], the Greenland Sea [GS], Hudson Bay [HB] and the Kara and Barents Seas [KB]) in the summer of 1982–2015 are analysed with CLARA‐A2‐SAL data. The results indicate that in the summer of 1982–2015, the Arctic Sea ice region albedo fluctuated with a downward trend of −1.6% per decade (significance level of 99%). The BC had the largest decline in the albedo trend of −2.7% per decade (significance level of 99%), and most other subregions had downward trends except the GS, which exhibited a slight upward trend. The mean Arctic Sea ice region albedo was 44%. The high albedo areas were mainly concentrated in the CAO and the vicinity of Greenland. The albedo decreased with decreasing latitude, while the low‐value areas were mainly concentrated in the outer sea ice area. In the Arctic region, both the sea ice concentration (SIC) and the sea ice extent (SIE) showed a decreasing trend, while the near‐surface air temperature (NSAT) and the summer Central Arctic Index (CAI) showed an increasing trend. The Arctic Sea ice region albedo was positively correlated with the SIC and the SIE (0.84, 0.78) and negatively correlated with the NSAT (−0.72), all with a statistical significance level of 99%. The correlation between sea ice region albedo and the summer CAI revealed different relationships in these regions. The BC and ESL had a significant negative correlation, and the GS showed a significant positive correlation. These findings indicated that the decrease in albedo is closely related to the reduction in Arctic Sea ice and the increase in air temperature. In addition, the sea ice region albedo variations in the BC, ESL and GS are also greatly influenced by atmospheric circulation.
Regulation mechanism of silkworm pupa oil PUFAs on cholesterol metabolism in hepatic cell L‐02
Authors: Luo Ying , Wang Lifang , Lv Yongzhong , Wu Xiaoxia , Hou Chen , Li Jianke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSilkworm pupa oil polyunsaturated fatty acid (SPO PUFA) has been confirmed to have a cholesterol‐lowering function.METHODS AND RESULTSThe effect of SPO PUFA and its main component, α‐linolenic acid (ALA), on the metabolism of cholesterol and its regulation was investigated. The model of lipid denatured cells were constructed to carry out lipid accumulation, cholesterol metabolism and transformation. Real‐time PCR and western blots were also used to analyze the expression levels of related genes and proteins to investigate the cholesterol efflux regulation mechanism. The data indicated that SPO PUFA and ALA dose‐dependently decreased intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and enhanced total bile acid (TBA). They could also promote cholesterol removal by enhancing bile acid secretion and by upregulating genes LXRα, PPARγ, ABCA1, ABCG1, and CYP7A1, which were regulated by LXRα/PPARγ‐ABCA1/ABCG1‐CYP7A1 nuclear receptor signal pathways.CONCLUSIONSThis study is of great significance in maintaining the balance of cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and in reducing the risk of steatohepatitis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Aligning retention time shifts in HPLC three‐dimensional spectra by icoshift approach combined with data arrangement methods and the release of a graphical user interface
Authors: Zhang Xiang‐Zhi , Feng Na , Ma Ai‐Jun , Li Bao Qiong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection has been extensively applied in many fields and the peaks among the analyzed samples can be shifted due to the variations of instrumental and experimental conditions. In multivariate analysis, retention time alignment is an important pretreatment step. Hence, the shifted peaks in high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection three‐dimensional spectra should be aligned for further analysis. Being motivated by this purpose, the interval correlated shifting method combined with the proposed data arrangement methods are recommended and employed on high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection data as a demonstration. We validate the alignment performance of the proposed method through comparison the consistency of the retention time before and after alignment. The obtained results demonstrated that the proposed method is capable of successful aligning the employed data. Additionally, the interval correlated shifting method combined with the data arrangement modes is implemented in an easy‐to‐use graphical user interface environment and so can be operated easily by users not familiar with programming languages.
Efficient monooleoyl glycerol synthesis employing hybrid ultrasonic‐infrared‐wave promoted reactor: Concurrent catalytic and noncatalytic esterification kinetics
Authors: Srivastava Megha , Mukhopadhyay Punam , Chakraborty Rajat 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor the first time, intensification of monooleoyl glycerol (MOG) synthesis has been investigated in an ultrasonic‐infrared‐wave (USIRW) promoted batch reactor. Esterification of octadecanoic acid (ODA) with glycerol (Gl) has been conducted [using Amberlyst 36 wet catalyst] in three different reactors, namely traditional batch reactor (TBR), infrared wave promoted batch reactor (IRWPBR), and USIRW‐promoted batch reactor (USIRWPBR) to assess the relative efficacy. The energy‐efficient USIRWPBR remarkably intensifies the ODA‐Gl esterification as manifested through superior ODA conversion (92.5 ± 1.25%) compared to that achieved in IRWPBR (79.8 ± 1.2%) and TBR (36.39 ± 1.25%). The most favorable reaction condition for optimum ODA conversion and maximum MOG yield was identified through statistical optimization over a selected parametric range, namely 3‐5 Gl/ODA mole ratio, 0.004‐0.006 g/mL Amberlyst 36 catalyst concentration, 300‐700 rpm impeller speed, and 333‐353 K reaction temperature. The present study also reports the formulation and validation of an innovative reaction kinetics, that is, concurrent noncatalytic and heterogeneously catalyzed (CNCHC) reaction mechanism in addition to the conventional heterogeneous kinetic models (LH and Eley‐Rideal mechanisms). Under combined USIRW, the CNCHC esterification mechanism could best describe ODA‐Gl esterification (R2 = 0.98) compared to LH (R2 = 0.97) and Eley‐Rideal (R2 = 0.88) mechanisms. The optimal product (MOG) was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis to assess its crystallization property and thermal stability for possible application as plasticizer/fuel additives.
Poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline) Bearing a Spiropyran Side‐Chain: Synthesis and Evaluation of Photo and Temperature‐Responsive Properties
Authors: Machida Shinjiro , Nakamura Yuta , Itaya Akira , Ikeda Noriaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPoly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline)s with varied loading of the spiropyran side‐chain are synthesized, and their photochemical and thermosensitive properties are characterized in aqueous solution. The absorption spectrum of the sample aqueous solution (0.1 wt%) indicates that 7.8 mol% of the pendant groups are in the zwitterionic merocyanine form. The introduction of spiropyran groups causes a marked decrease in the cloud point of the aqueous solution even when the pendant groups contain the zwitterionic merocyanine form. The cloud point of the aqueous solution of the samples in the spiropyran form is slightly (less than 1 °C) lower than that bearing the merocyanine group. Moreover, the photoinduced phase transition is demonstrated at an optimum temperature for the spiropyran‐bearing poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline). This material can be made applicable to a light‐driven drug releasing system by introducing a hydrophobic group to form micelles and increasing the photoinduced change of the cloud point.
Gender as a Risk Factor for Functional Movement Disorders: The Role of Sexual Abuse
Authors: Kletenik Isaiah , Sillau Stefan H. , Isfahani Sanaz Attaripour , LaFaver Kathrin , Hallett Mark , Berman Brian D. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prevalence of functional movement disorders is 2 to 3 times higher in women than in men. Trauma and adverse life events are important risk factors for developing functional movement disorders. On a population level, rates of sexual abuse against women are higher when compared with the rates against men.ObjectivesTo determine gender differences in rates of sexual abuse in functional movement disorders compared with other neurologic disorders and evaluate if the gender prevalence is influenced by higher rates of sexual abuse against women.MethodsWe performed a case‐control series including 199 patients with functional movement disorders (149 women) and 95 controls (60 women). We employed chi‐squared test to assess gender and sexual abuse associations and Bayes formula to condition on sexual abuse.ResultsOur analysis showed an association between sexual abuse and functional movement disorders in women (odds ratio, 4.821; 95% confidence interval, 2.089–12.070;P < 0.0001), but not men. Bayesian analysis found the functional movement disorder prevalence ratio between women and men conditional on sexual abuse to be 4.87 times the unconditioned ratio.ConclusionsThere is a statistically significant association between sexual abuse and functional movement disorders in women and a greater likelihood that women who are sexually abused will develop functional movement disorders than men who are sexually abused. Our findings suggest that the increased prevalence of functional movement disorders in women is associated, at least in part, with sexual abuse and its sequelae; however, further research is needed to explore the role of other traumatic and nontraumatic factors.
Reference dataset of users’ photon beam modeling parameters for the Eclipse, Pinnacle, and RayStation treatment planning systems
Authors: Glenn Mallory C. , Peterson Christine B. , Followill David S. , Howell Rebecca M. , Pollard‐Larkin Julianne M. , Kry Stephen F. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe aim of this work was to provide a novel description of how the radiotherapy community configures treatment planning system (TPS) radiation beam models for clinically used treatment machines. Here we describe the results of a survey of self‐reported TPS beam modeling parameter values across different C‐arm linear accelerators, beam energies, and multileaf collimator (MLC) configurations.Acquisition and validation methodsBeam modeling data were acquired via electronic survey implemented through the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) Houston Quality Assurance Center’s online facility questionnaire. The survey was open to participation from January 2018 through January 2019 for all institutions monitored by IROC. After quality control, 2818 beam models were collected from 642 institutions. This survey, designed for Eclipse, Pinnacle, and RayStation, instructed physicists to report parameter values used to model the radiation source and MLC for each treatment machine and beam energy used clinically for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy. Parameters collected included the effective source/spot size, MLC transmission, dosimetric leaf gap, tongue and groove effect, and other nondosimetric parameters specific to each TPS. To facilitate survey participation, instructions were provided on how to identify requested beam modeling parameters within each TPS environment.Data format and usage notesNumeric values of the beam modeling parameters are compiled and tabulated according to TPS and calculation algorithm, linear accelerator model class, beam energy, and MLC configuration. Values are also presented as distributions, ranging from the 2.5th to the 97.5th percentile.Potential applicationsThese data provide an independent guide describing how the radiotherapy community mathematically represents its clinical radiation beams. These distributions may be used by the community for comparison during the commissioning or verification of their TPS beam models. Ultimately, we hope that the current work will allow institutions to spot potentially suspicious parameter values and help ensure more accurate radiotherapy delivery.