bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Works councils and organizational gender policies in Germany
Authors: Jirjahn Uwe , Mohrenweiser Jens 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile education and labour force participation of women have been increased, there is still a substantial gender gap in labour market opportunities. This gives rise to the question of what factors lead employers to promote work–family balance and gender equality. We address this question by examining the influence of works councils on the gender policies of establishments in Germany. Using data of the IAB Establishment Panel, we find that the incidence of a works council is on average associated with an increased likelihood that an establishment provides family‐friendly practices and promotes equal opportunities of men and women. This finding also holds in a recursive multivariate probit model that accounts for potential endogeneity of works council incidence. However, our estimates also show that the influence of works councils is heterogeneous. Performing separate estimate by collective bargaining status, we find a significant influence of works councils only for establishments covered industry‐level collective bargaining agreements, but not for establishments covered by firm‐level agreements or establishments not covered by collective bargaining.
SLC12A5 interacts and enhances SOX18 activity to promote bladder urothelial carcinoma progression via upregulating MMP7
Authors: Wang Long , Zhang Qun , Wu Pei , Xiang Wei , Xie Dan , Wang Ning , Deng Minhua , Cao Ke , Zeng Hongliang , Xu Zhenzhou , Xiaoming Liu  , He Leye , Long Zhi , Tan Jing , Wang Jinrong , Liu Bin , Liu Jianye 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolute carrier family 12 member 5 (SLC12A5) has an oncogenic role in bladder urothelial carcinoma. The present study aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms of SLC12A5 in bladder urothelial carcinoma pathogenesis. Functional assays identified that in bladder urothelial carcinoma SLC12A5 interacts with and stabilizes SOX18, and then upregulates matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7). In vivo and in vitro assays were performed to confirm the effect of SLC12A5’s interaction with SOX18 on MMP7‐mediated bladder urothelial carcinoma progression. SLC12A5 was upregulated in human bladder tumors, and correlated with the poor survival of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma tumor invasion and metastasis, promoted by SLC12A5 overexpression. We demonstrated that SLC12A5 interacted with SOX18, and then upregulated MMP7, thus enhancing tumor progression. Importantly, SLC12A5 expression correlated positively with SOX18 and MMP7 expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Furthermore, SLC12A5 expression was suppressed by miR‐133a‐3p. Ectopic expression of SLC12A5 partly abolished miR‐133a‐3p‐mediated suppression of cell migration. SLC12A5‐SOX18 complex‐mediated upregulation on MMP7 was important in bladder urothelial carcinoma progression. The miR‐133a‐3p/SLC12A5/SOX18/MMP7 signaling axis was critical for progression, and provided an effective therapeutic approach against bladder urothelial carcinoma.
Overexpression of the transcription factors OCT4 and KLF4 improves motor function after spinal cord injury
Authors: Huang Xianpeng , Wang Chenggui , Zhou Xiaopeng , Wang Jingkai , Xia Kaishun , Yang Biao , Gong Zhe , Ying Liwei , Yu Chao , Shi Kesi , Shu Jiawei , Cheng Feng , Han Bin , Liang Chengzhen , Li Fangcai , Chen Qixin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionAstrogliosis and glial scar formation following spinal cord injury (SCI) are viewed as major obstacles that hinder axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Regulating the glial scar and axonal regeneration in the lesion site is important for treating SCI.AimsConsidering the important role of astrocyte in glial scar formation and subsequent axonal regeneration, we intended to investigate the effect of the transcription factors OCT4 and KLF4 on astrocyte and the underlying mechanism after spinal cord contusion injury in transgenic mice.ResultsWestern blotting, q‐PCR, immunofluorescence, and functional evaluation suggested that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression decreased in the lesion area, the porosity of the scar increased, and remyelination enhanced. Mice overexpressing the transcription factors OCT4 and KLF4 had higher Basso Mouse Scale scores than did the control mice. Moreover, using immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we discovered that some astrocytes expressed nestin and sox2 protein, suggesting that these astrocytes were reprogrammed into neural stem cell‐like cells. Furthermore, a cell scratch assay showed that the migration ability of the astrocytes was significantly inhibited in the presence of the transcription factors OCT4 and KLF4. In addition, we demonstrated that the Hippo/Yap pathway was activated after these two transcription factors overexpressed in astrocytes.ConclusionsIn summary, these results suggest that overexpression of the transcription factors OCT4 and KLF4 could induce astrocyte reprogramming, which subsequently improves remyelination and functional recovery after SCI.
Pore‐scale view of microbial turnover: Combining 14C imaging, μCT and zymography after adding soluble carbon to soil pores of specific sizes
Authors: Kravchenko Alexandra , Guber Andrey , Gunina Anna , Dippold Michaela , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe location of microorganisms and substrates within soil pore networks plays a crucial role in organic carbon (C) processing, and its microbial utilization and turnover, and has direct consequences for C and nutrient cycling. An optimal approach to quantify responses to new C inputs from microorganisms residing in specific pores is the addition of new C to pores of target sizes in undisturbed soil cores. We used the matric potential approach to add 14C‐labelled glucose to small (< 40 μm, root free) or large (60–180 μm, potentially inhabited by roots) pores of undisturbed soil cores. Localization of glucose‐derived C via 14C imaging was related to pore size distributions and connectivity, characterized via X‐ray computed microtomography (μCT), and to β‐glucosidase activity, characterized via zymography. After 2‐week incubations, 1.3 times more glucose was mineralized (14CO2) when it was added to the large pores; however, more 14C remained in microbial biomass when glucose was added to the small pores. Consequently, although utilizing the same amounts of easily available C, the microorganisms localized in the large pores had faster turnover compared to microorganisms in small pores. Stronger associations between β‐glucosidase activity and glucose‐derived C were observed when glucose was added to the large pores. We conclude that (a) the matric potential approach allows placing, albeit not exactly, of soluble substrates into pores of target diameter range, and (b) microorganisms localized in large pores respond to new C inputs with faster turnover, greater growth and more intensive enzyme production compared to those inhabiting the small pores.
A bitless bridle does not limit or prevent dynamic laryngeal collapse
Authors: Fretheim‐Kelly Zoe , Fjordbakk Cathrine T. , Fintl Constanze , Krontveit Randi , Strand Eric 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBits have often been incriminated as a cause of upper respiratory tract obstruction in horses; however, no scientific studies are available to confirm or refute these allegations. Clinical signs of dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion (DLC) are induced when susceptible horses are ridden or driven into the bit.ObjectiveTo determine whether use of Dr Cook's™ Bitless Bridle, instead of a conventional snaffle bit bridle, would reduce the severity of DLC in affected horses measured objectively using inspiratory tracheal pressures.Study designIntervention study using each horse as its own control in a block randomised order.MethodsNine Norwegian Swedish Coldblooded trotters previously diagnosed with DLC were exercised on two consecutive days using a standardised high‐speed treadmill protocol with either a conventional bridle with a snaffle bit, or Dr Cook's™ Bitless Bridle. Head and neck position, rein tension, inspiratory tracheal pressure measurements, and laryngeal videoendoscopy recordings were obtained. A heart rate greater than 200 bpm, and similar degrees of poll flexion/head height, had to be achieved in both bridles for the individual horse's data to be included for comparison.ResultsSeven horses’ data met the inclusion criteria. The change in mean inspiratory tracheal pressure between free and flexion phases in the bitless bridle (−15.2 ± 12.3 cmH2O) was significantly greater (P < .001) than in the snaffle bit bridle (−9.8 ± 7.9 cmH2O). Mean inspiratory pressure during the free phase was significantly (P < .001) more negative with the snaffle bit bridle (−32.3 ± 6.3 cmH2O), vs the bitless bridle (−28.5 ± 6.9 cmH2O). Mean pressures in flexion phase, snaffle bridle (−42.1 ± 10.8 cmH2O), vs bitless bridle (−43.7 ± 15.6 cmH2O) where not significantly different between bridles (P = .2).Main limitationSmall sample size due to difficulty recruiting suitable clinical cases.ConclusionsThis study could not provide any clear evidence that the effect of a snaffle bit in a horse's mouth influences the development or severity of DLC. Instead, head and neck angles induced by rein tension seem to be the key event in provoking DLC in susceptible horses.
Are Groundwater Level Data Collected by Citizen Scientists Trustworthy? A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Manda Alex K. , Etheridge J. Randall , Grace‐McCaskey Cynthia , Allen Thomas R. , Howard Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPublic participation in groundwater projects is increasing, however, the efficacy of the data collected in such studies, is not well‐documented in the literature. In this study, the authors describe a citizen science project focused on measuring and recording groundwater levels in an aquifer and evaluate whether the groundwater data collected by the participants are trustworthy. A total of 31 participants were initially recruited to measure and record groundwater levels from 29 monitoring wells on a barrier island. Following recruitment, the authors provided training to the citizen scientists by introducing groundwater concepts, and showing the participants how to measure, record and report groundwater level data (over an 81‐day period) with an electronic water level meter. The water level data recorded by the citizen scientists (i.e., 35 time series datasets with over 450 unique measurements) were then compared to high frequency data recorded by automated water level loggers that were already deployed in the groundwater monitoring wells to assess the trustworthiness of the data. Trustworthiness was evaluated using measures of reliability (i.e., consistency in measuring the same thing), validity (i.e., degree to which results are truthful), and other standard graphical and statistical techniques. The results suggest that with proper training, guidance, and motivation, citizen scientists can collect trustworthy groundwater level data that could be useful for monitoring the sustainability of aquifers and managing of groundwater levels. It is noted however, that such positive outcomes require significant investments of time and effort on the part of the project managers.
Severity and mortality of respiratory syncytial virus vs influenza A infection in hospitalized adults in China
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Wang Yeming , Zhao Jiankang , Xiong Zhujia , Fan Yanyan , Zhang Wang , Zou Xiaohui , Wang Chunlei , Han Jiajing , Li Binbin , Lu Binghuai , Cao Bin ,   CAP-China Network
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of medically attended acute respiratory illnesses in older adults but awareness of the relevance of RSV in older people remains lower than that of influenza, which exhibits similar clinical characteristics to those of RSV.ObjectivesThis study was performed to assess the clinical significance of RSV in respiratory samples from hospitalized adults.MethodsCharacteristics and outcomes in adults (≥18 years) hospitalized for RSV infection (n = 51) were compared with a cohort hospitalized for influenza A infection (n = 279) in a single‐center retrospective cohort study in Beijing, China.ResultsRespiratory syncytial virus patients were slightly older, with no significant differences in underlying chronic conditions. Lower respiratory tract infection and cardiovascular complications were more frequent (P < .05) in RSV patients. Rates of mortality in the RSV cohorts were significantly higher within 30 days (13.7% vs 5.0%, P = .019) and 60 days (17.6% vs 7.5%, P = .021). Bacterial co‐infection in respiratory samples was associated with reduced survival among RSV patients (log rank, P = .013).ConclusionsRespiratory syncytial virus is a common cause of serious illness among hospitalized adults in China with greater mortality than influenza A. Increased awareness and the availability of antiviral agents might increase the scope for successful management.
Charge effects in donor‐doped perovskite ferroelectrics
Authors: Liu Jia , Liu Laijun , Zhang Jiale , Jin Li , Wang Dawei , Wei Jie , Ye Zuo‐Guang , Jia Chun‐Lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDoping is a widely used method to tune the physical properties of ferroelectric perovskites. Since doping can induce effective charges, it is important to understand how charges affect the chemical and physical properties of the doped perovskites. Here, we propose two charge compensation models, by adding the charge‐dipole interaction to the effective Hamiltonian, which has not been done previously, and numerically investigate how lanthanum doping affects the ferroelectric phase transition temperature and the hysteresis loop in BaTiO3. The consequences of the charge compensation models are compared and discussed, revealing that the electron compensation mechanism with some Ti4+ ions changing to Ti3+ is critical to understanding the donor‐doped perovskites.
Internet‐based intervention for postpartum depression in China (“Mommy go”): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Yu‐Hong , Mu Ting‐Yu , Zhang Liu , Zhang Cheng‐Lu , Wu Dan , Chen Jin‐Ju , Wang Fang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to design a research protocol for the clinical testing of the “Mommy go” for pregnant women with a risk of postpartum depression.DesignA non‐blinded randomized controlled trial.MethodsA randomized controlled study will be performed from January 2018 to the completion of the study. The intervention group will follow the “Mommy go” protocol and the control group will receive traditional support. We will use the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and the Chinese version of the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory‐Revised to measure the risk of postpartum depression in pregnant women. The outcomes are clinical data, postpartum depressive mood, self‐efficacy, and infant temperament. Outcomes will be assessed using questionnaires and through data generated by digital technologies.DiscussionThe expected outcomes are increased self‐efficacy and infant temperament, reduced postpartum depressive mood, and improvements to postpartum depression. We expect the study to have a clinical impact on future online interventions for postpartum depression in China.ImpactThis study will provide an internet‐based intervention for postpartum depression in China. It will be implemented in clinical practice if it can effectively improve postpartum depression.Trial RegistrationRegistered at the Chinese Clinical Trials.gov (ChiCTR1800018804).
Ripple map guided catheter ablation targeting abnormal atrial potentials during sinus rhythm for non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nakatani Yosuke , Yamaguchi Yoshiaki , Sakamoto Tamotsu , Tsujino Yasushi , Kinugawa Koichiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal atrial potential (AAP) during sinus rhythm may be a critical ablation target for atrial fibrillation. However, the assessment of local electrograms throughout the left atrium is difficult. Thus, we sought to investigate the effectiveness of Ripple map guided AAP ablation.Methods and ResultsAAP areas were determined by Ripple mapping on the CARTO system in 35 patients (Ripple group) by marking the area where small deflections persisted after the first deflection wavefront had passed. Following pulmonary vein isolation, AAP areas were ablated. If AAP areas were located on the left atrial posterior wall, the posterior wall was isolated. The outcome of this approach was compared with that of 66 patients who underwent an empirical linear ablation approach (control group). There were no differences in patient characteristics between the groups. The total radiofrequency application time and procedure time were shorter in the Ripple group than in the control group (radiofrequency application time, 48 ± 14 minutes vs 61 ± 13 minutes, P < .001; procedure time, 205 ± 30 minutes vs 221 ± 27 minutes, P = .013). Gastroparesis occurred in one patient in each group (P = .645), but in both cases this was relieved with conservative therapy. Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that rate of freedom from atrial arrhythmia was higher in the Ripple group than in the control group (91% vs 74% during the 12 months' follow up; P = .040).ConclusionRipple map guided AAP ablation effectively suppressed atrial arrhythmia in patients with non‐paroxysmal AF.
Inpatient hospital procedural volume and outcomes following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Cheung Jim W. , Yeo Ilhwan , Cheng Edward P. , Ip James E. , Thomas George , Liu Christopher F. , Markowitz Steven M. , Kim Luke K. , Lerman Bruce B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe real‐world distribution of hospital atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation volume and its impact on outcomes are not well‐established. We sought to examine patient characteristics, complications, and readmissions after AF ablation stratified by hospital procedural volume.Methods and ResultsUsing the nationally representative inpatient Nationwide Readmissions Database, we evaluated 54 597 admissions for AF ablation between 2010 and 2014. Hospitals were categorized according to tertiles of annual AF ablation volume. Index complications, 30‐day readmissions, and early mortality were examined. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the predictors of adverse outcomes. Between 2010 and 2014, low volume tertile hospitals accounted for 79.3% of hospitals performing AF ablations. When stratified by first, second, and third volume tertiles, complication and early mortality rates were higher in low volume centers (8.9% and 0.67% vs 6.1% and 0.33%, vs 4.5% and 0.16%, respectively; P < .001). Patients undergoing AF ablation at low volume centers were older and had a higher prevalence of congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and other comorbidities. Low volume hospitals were associated with increased cardiac perforation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.79; P < .001), vascular complications (aOR 1.49; P < .001), and any complication (aOR 2.06; P < .001) during index admission as well as increased early mortality (aOR 2.43; P = .039).ConclusionsAmong patients hospitalized for AF ablation, low inpatient AF ablation hospital volume was associated with worse outcomes following ablation, which was exacerbated by a greater comorbidity burden among patients at these centers.
Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of podoplanin immunoexpression in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Mello Fernanda Weber , Kammer Pedro Vitali , Silva Carolina Amália Barcellos , Parkinson Eric Kenneth , Monteiro Luís , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Rivero Elena Riet Correa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPodoplanin (PDPN) is a glycoprotein associated with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis in several types of malignancies, including oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this systematic review (SR) was to summarize and critically appraise the available evidence about the association between PDPN immunoexpression and clinicopathological features and its utility as a prognostic marker in OSCC.MethodsFive electronic databases and three gray literature databases were searched for immunohistochemical studies, which were selected in a two‐phase process.ResultsFrom 721 records identified, 22 cohort and seven analytical cross‐sectional studies were included. Few studies reported that PDPN expression was associated with poorer survival rates in OSCC: overall survival = 4/12, disease‐free survival = 4/7, and cancer‐specific survival = 2/4 studies. Positive associations were most frequently reported on lymph node involvement, higher histopathological grade, and advanced clinical stages.ConclusionWithin limitations of this SR, PDPN may be associated with lymph node involvement, histopathological grade, and clinical stage of OSCC. Current evidence suggests that PDPN could be a useful prognostic marker for OSCC that needs further exploration.
Shadow banking activity and entrusted loans in a DSGE model of China
Authors: Wang Chaowei , Mai Le Vo Phuong , Matthews Kent , Zhou Peng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how the risky lending activities of the state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) affect the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy in China with a shadow banking sector. We develop a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) macroeconomic model with two production sectors, where the SOEs have access to low cost funds from the commercial banks (also mainly state‐owned) and on‐lend to the private sector in the form of entrusted loans. The Bayesian estimation results show that higher restrictions on bank credit push SOEs to engage in more shadow banking in this form which dampens the effectiveness of contractionary monetary policy. Expansionary fiscal policy increases output, but crowds out private investment, which can further drain the financial market and exert a detrimental effect on the Chinese economy.