bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISTAL: protocol for a cluster randomised, crossover, non-inferiority trial of aspirin compared to low molecular weight heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in hip or knee arthroplasty, a registry nested study
Authors: Sidhu Verinder Singh , Graves Steven E , Buchbinder Rachelle , Naylor Justine Maree , Pratt Nicole L , de Steiger Richard S , Chong Beng H , Ackerman Ilana N , Adie Sam , Harris Anthony , Hansen Amber , Cripps Maggie , Lorimer Michelle , Webb Steve , Clavisi Ornella , Griffith Elizabeth C , Anandan Durga , O'Donohue Grace , Kelly Thu-Lan , Harris Ian A 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication following hip arthroplasty (HA) and knee arthroplasty (KA). This study aims to determine whether aspirin is non-inferior to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in preventing symptomatic VTE following HA and KA.Methods and analysisThis is a cluster randomised, crossover, non-inferiority, trial nested within the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR). The clusters will consist of Australian hospitals performing at least 250 HA and/or KA procedures per annum. All adult patients undergoing HA or KA will be included. The intervention will be aspirin, orally, 85–150 mg daily. The comparator will be LMWH (enoxaparin) 40 mg, subcutaneously, daily. Both drugs will commence within 24 hours postoperatively and continue for 35 days after HA and 14 days after KA. Each hospital will be randomised to commence with aspirin or LMWH and then crossover to the alternative treatment after meeting the recruitment target. Data will be collected through the AOANJRR via patient-reported surveys. The primary outcome is symptomatic VTE within 90 days post surgery, verified by AOANJRR staff. The primary analysis will include only patients undergoing elective primary total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. Secondary outcomes will include symptomatic VTE for all HA and KA (including partial and revision) within 90 days, readmission, reoperation, major bleeding and death within 90 days and reoperation, death and patient-reported pain, function and health status at 6 months. If aspirin is found to be inferior, a cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted. The study will aim to recruit 15 562 patients from 31 hospitals.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted. Trial results will be submitted for publication. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001879257, pre-results) and is endorsed by the Australia and New Zealand Musculoskeletal Clinical Trials Network.
Influential factors of postoperative pain trajectories in patients receiving intravenous patient-controlled analgesia: a single-centre cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Tai Ying-Hsuan , Wu Hsiang-Ling , Lin Shih-Pin , Tsou Mei-Yung , Chang Kuang-Yi 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the factors associated with variations in postoperative pain trajectories over time in patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) for postoperative pain.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA single medical centre in Taiwan.ParticipantsPatients receiving IV-PCA after surgery.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was the postoperative pain scores.ResultsA total of 3376 patients and 20 838 pain score observations were analysed using latent curve models. Female and longer anaesthesia time increased the baseline level of pain (p=0.004 and 0.003, respectively), but abdominal surgery and body weight decreased it (both p<0.001). Regarding the trend of pain resolution, lower abdominal surgery steepened the slope (p<0.001); older age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class ≥3 and longer anaesthesia time tended to flatten the slope (p<0.001, =0.019 and <0.001, respectively). PCA settings did not affect the variations in postoperative pain trajectories.ConclusionsPatient demographics, ASA class, anaesthesia time and surgical sites worked together to affect postoperative pain trajectories in patients receiving IV-PCA. Latent curve models provided valuable information about the dynamic and complex relationships between the pain trajectories and their influential factors.
Cost-effectiveness of conditional cash transfers to retain women in the continuum of care during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period: protocol for an economic evaluation of the Afya trial in Kenya
Authors: Batura Neha , Skordis Jolene , Palmer Tom , Odiambo Aloyce , Copas Andrew , Vanhuyse Fedra , Dickin Sarah , Eleveld Alie , Mwaki Alex , Ochieng Caroline , Haghparast-Bidgoli Hassan 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionA wealth of evidence from a range of country settings indicates that antenatal care, facility delivery and postnatal care can reduce maternal and child mortality and morbidity in high-burden settings. However, the utilisation of these services by pregnant women, particularly in low/middle-income country settings, is well below that recommended by the WHO. The Afya trial aims to assess the impact, cost-effectiveness and scalability of conditional cash transfers to promote increased utilisation of these services in rural Kenya and thus retain women in the continuum of care during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. This protocol describes the planned economic evaluation of the Afya trial.Methods and analysisThe economic evaluation will be conducted from the provider perspective as a within-trial analysis to evaluate the incremental costs and health outcomes of the cash transfer programme compared with the status quo. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios will be presented along with a cost-consequence analysis where the incremental costs and all statistically significant outcomes will be listed separately. Sensitivity analyses will be undertaken to explore uncertainty and to ensure that results are robust. A fiscal space assessment will explore the affordability of the intervention. In addition, an analysis of equity impact of the intervention will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethics approval from the Maseno University Ethics Review Committee, REF MSU/DRPI/MUERC/00294/16. The results of the economic evaluation will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant international conference.Trial registration numberNCT03021070
Applying a whole systems lens to the general practice crisis: cross-sectional survey looking at usage of community pharmacy services in England by patients with long-term respiratory conditions
Authors: Hindi Ali Mawfek Khaled , Schafheutle Ellen Ingrid , Jacobs Sally 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveUK policy initiatives aiming to extend community pharmacy services to moderate patient demands and to reduce general practitioners’ (GPs) workload have had limited success. This study used marketing theory to identify factors that could influence patients to make better use of community pharmacies within the primary care pathway.DesignCross-sectional postal survey design applying the ‘7Ps marketing mix’ (‘product’, ‘price’, ‘place’, ‘promotion’, ‘people’, ‘process’ and ‘physical evidence’).SettingGreater Manchester, England.ParticipantsPatients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease registered at two GP practices.Primary outcomePatient preference for community pharmacy services.ResultsThe response rate was 29% (289/1003). Most respondents preferred to use GP practices for invasive/diagnostic services (product) while preferring using community pharmacy for medicines supply and minor ailments (place). Stronger preference for using GP practices over community pharmacy was significantly associated with gender (male>female), age group (≥65 years) and healthcare services previously accessed at the pharmacy. Respondents perceived they would be more likely to use community pharmacy services if pharmacists offered them enough time to discuss any concerns (73.3%) (price), if community pharmacies had private/clean consultation rooms (70%–73%) (physical evidence) and if pharmacy staff had strong interpersonal skills (68%–70%) (people). Respondents were divided on likelihood of using community pharmacy services if pharmacists could access their whole medical record but wanted pharmacists to add information about their visit (59.6%) (process). Respondents would be encouraged to use community pharmacy for healthcare services if they were offered services by pharmacy staff or recommended/referred to services by their GP (44%) (promotion).ConclusionsUsing the 7Ps marketing mix highlighted that community pharmacies having staff with strong interpersonal skills, good quality consultation rooms and integrated information systems could positively influence patients to use community pharmacies for management of long-term conditions. There are opportunities for community pharmacies to alleviate GP workload, but a whole system approach will be necessary.
Characteristics and utilisation of the Mayo Clinic Biobank, a clinic-based prospective collection in the USA: cohort profile
Authors: Olson Janet E , Ryu Euijung , Hathcock Matthew A , Gupta Ruchi , Bublitz Joshua T , Takahashi Paul Y , Bielinski Suzette J , St Sauver Jennifer L , Meagher Karen , Sharp Richard R , Thibodeau Stephen N , Cicek Mine , Cerhan James R 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe Mayo Clinic Biobank was established to provide a large group of patients from which comparison groups (ie, controls) could be selected for case–control studies, to create a prospective cohort with sufficient power for common outcomes and to support electronic health record (EHR) studies.ParticipantsA total of 56 862 participants enrolled (21% response rate) into the Mayo Clinic Biobank from Rochester, Minnesota (77%, n=43 836), Jacksonville, Florida (18%, n=10 368) and La Crosse, Wisconsin (5%, n=2658). Participants were all Mayo Clinic patients, 18 years of age or older and US residents.Findings to dateOverall, 43% of participants were 65 years of age or older and female participants were more frequent (59%) than males at all sites. Most participants resided in the Upper Midwest regions of the USA (Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois or Wisconsin), Florida or Georgia. Self-reported race among Biobank participants was 90% white. Here we provide examples of the types of studies that have successfully utilised the resource, including (1) investigations of the population itself, (2) provision of controls for case–control studies, (3) genotype-driven research, (4) EHR-based research and (5) prospective recruitment to other studies. Over 270 projects have been approved to date to access Biobank data and/or samples; over 200 000 sample aliquots have been approved for distribution.Future plansThe data and samples in the Mayo Clinic Biobank can be used for various types of epidemiological and clinical studies, especially in the setting of case–control studies for which the Biobank samples serve as control samples. We are planning cohort studies with additional follow-up and acquisition of genetic information on a large scale.
Does occupational therapy delay or reduce the proportion of patients that receives thumb carpometacarpal joint surgery? A multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gravås Else Marit Holen , Østerås Nina , Nossum Randi , Eide Ruth Else Mehl , Klokkeide Åse , Matre Karin Hoegh , Olsen Monika , Andreassen Oyvor , Haugen Ida K , Tveter Anne Therese , Kjeken Ingvild 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether occupational therapy, provided in the period between referral and surgical consultation, might delay or reduce the need of surgery in thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) osteoarthritis and to explore predictors for CMCJ surgery.MethodsThis multicentre randomised controlled trial included patients referred for surgical consultation due to CMCJ osteoarthritis. An occupational therapy group received hand osteoarthritis education, assistive devices, CMCJ orthoses and exercises. A control group received only hand osteoarthritis information. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients that had received CMCJ surgery after 2 years. We examined the primary outcome and predictors for surgery with regression models, and time to surgery with the log-rank test and cox regression analyses.ResultsOf 221 patients screened for eligibility, 180 were randomised. Information on the primary outcome was collected from medical records for all included patients. Surgery was performed on 22 patients (24%) that had received occupational therapy and 29 (32%) control patients (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.21; p=0.14). Median time to surgery was 350 days (IQR 210–540) in the occupational therapy group and 296 days (IQR 188–428) in the control group (p=0.13). Previous non-pharmacological treatment (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.14 to 6.50) and higher motivation for surgery (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.43) were significant predictors for CMCJ surgery.ConclusionsOccupational therapy showed a small non-significant tendency to delay and reduce the need for surgery in CMCJ osteoarthritis. Previous non-pharmacological treatment and higher motivation for surgery were significant predictors for surgery.
Genotypic variation for phenolic compounds in developing and whole seeds, and storage conditions influence visual seed quality of yellow dry bean genotypes
Authors: Xiong Mei , Zhao Mengli , Lu Zhen-Xiang , Balasubramanian Parthiba 
Published: November 2019

Seed coat colour is an important determinant of the visual quality of dry beans, as seeds are sold as a dry commodity. Phenolic compounds have a major effect on the colour of bean seeds. The objectives of the study were to determine the changes in phenolic compounds during seed development and in whole seeds of yellow bean genotypes with contrasting seed coat colour, and the effects of storage temperature and duration on seed phenolics and colour. Condensed tannin, phenolic acid, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were observed as early as 10 d after flowering in the developing seeds of Arikara Yellow, which darken at harvest and during postharvest storage. In contrast, for CDC Sol and AAC Y073 seeds which remain yellow, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were consistently low. Seed brightness (L*) and yellow colour (b*) were negatively correlated with phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, and conversely seed redness (a*) was positively correlated with phenolic compounds, confirming a negative influence of phenolic compounds on seed coat colour. Yellow bean genotypes had low anthocyanin but were high in β-carotene. Storage temperature influenced condensed tannin and seed coat colour, whereas the duration of storage influenced phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and seed coat colour. Higher temperatures (20 or 30 °C) and longer storage duration (120 or 180 d) generally resulted in darker seeds with increasing redness compared with seeds stored at 6 °C or for 60 d. AAC Y073 and CDC Sol with improved seed coat colour may increase consumer preference, value, and marketability of yellow beans.
Recent advances in unmanned aerial vehicles real-time trajectory planning
Authors: Allaire François Charles Joseph , Labonté Gilles , Tarbouchi Mohammed , Roberge Vincent 
Published: November 2019

The growing interest in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can be attributed to many factors, particularly the potential for them to operate beyond visual line of sight and at increasingly higher levels of autonomy. Trajectory planning defines the extent to which a vehicle is “autonomous”, therefore, to operate at high levels of autonomy, UAV will require real-time embedded trajectory planning that respects a minimum of flyability. This paper presents a review of recent advances in UAV trajectory planning and seeks to clarify the flyability, the real-time, and the embedded aspects, which are not adequately considered by previous survey papers. This work, which specifically focuses on Class II (≥150 and ≤600 kg) and Class III (>600 kg) fixed-wing UAV, analyses 60 papers from the last decade that mention some real-time achievement with respect to UAV trajectory planning. From this analysis, we highlight some challenges and some suggested orientations for future works.
Investigation of the photovoltaic performance of n-Zno/n-CdS/p-Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell
Authors: Zou Xin-Yao 
Published: November 2019

The semiconducting thin film solar cell based on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) materials is considered as a promising candidate for very large-scale application due to high absorption coefficient and low cost. In this study, the performances of n-ZnO/n-CdS/p-CZTS solar cells were numerically simulated using the AFORS-HET software. The influences of double-graded bandgap and thickness of CZTS layer on the performances of the solar cell were investigated. The calculated results show that double-graded bandgap structure can greatly optimize the conversion efficiency of CZTS thin film solar cell. The optimal dual gradient structure is 1.4 eV-1.3 eV-1.5 eV, the optimal thickness ratio is 11:1, and the conversion efficiency could be 26.63%. The results of this study can serve as a guide in fabricating CZTS solar cell.
Synthesis and characterization of NaAlSi2O6 jadeite doped with different metallic oxides under high pressure and high temperature
Authors: Zhao Liang , Ma Hongan , Fang Chao , Ding Luyao , Liu Baomin , Jia Xiaopeng 
Published: November 2019

According to the mineral composition [Formula: see text] of jadeite, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with a molar ratio of 1:1 were selected as raw materials. One sample was undoped, and five samples were mixed with 0.4 wt.% [Formula: see text], MnO, CoO, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The experimental studies were executed under the synthetic condition of 5 GPa pressure and [Formula: see text] temperature using China-type large volume cubic high-pressure apparatus (CHPA) (SPD-6X1200). After the experiment, compositions of the synthetic jadeites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, microstructures characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), molecular vibration types investigated by Raman spectra. The color-causing ion of the synthetic jadeites was investigated by UV–Vis Spectra. The results show that the synthetic jadeites have excellent crystallinity and fine-grained texture and similar structural behavior with natural jadeite. UV–Vis Spectra indicated that different colors of samples have different ion absorption peaks, thus showing different colors. This experiment explored the geological conditions of synthetic jadeite by means of high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) to give a favorable experimental basis for synthetic jadeite and analyze the coloration mechanism of jadeite by way of ion-doping.
Adaptation of lung, chest wall, and respiratory muscles during pregnancy: preparing for birth
Authors: LoMauro Antonella , Aliverti Andrea , Frykholm Peter , Alberico Daniela , Persico Nicola , Boschetti Giulia , DeBellis Michela , Briganti Federica , Nosotti Mario , Righi Ilaria 
Published: November 2019

A plethora of physiological and biochemical changes occur during normal pregnancy. The changes in the respiratory system have not been as well elucidated, in part because radioimaging is usually avoided during pregnancy. We aimed to use several noninvasive methods to characterize the adaptation of the respiratory system during the full course of pregnancy in preparation for childbirth. Eighteen otherwise healthy women (32.3 ± 2.8 yr) were recruited during early pregnancy. Spirometry, optoelectronic plethysmography, and ultrasonography were used to study changes in chest wall geometry, breathing pattern, lung and thoraco-abdominal volume variations, and diaphragmatic thickness in the first, second, and third trimesters. A group of nonpregnant women were used as control subjects. During the course of pregnancy, we observed a reorganization of rib cage geometry, in shape but not in volume. Despite the growing uterus, there was no lung restriction (forced vital capacity: 101 ± 15% predicted), but we did observe reduced rib cage expansion. Breathing frequency and diaphragmatic contribution to tidal volume and inspiratory capacity increased. Diaphragm thickness was maintained (1st trimester: 2.7 ± 0.8 mm, 3rd trimester: 2.5 ± 0.9 mm; P = 0.187), possibly indicating a conditioning effect to compensate for the effects of the growing uterus. We conclude that pregnancy preserved lung volumes, abdominal muscles, and the diaphragm at the expense of rib cage muscles.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Noninvasive analysis of the kinematics of the chest wall and the diaphragm during resting conditions in pregnant women revealed significant changes in the pattern of thoracoabdominal breathing across the trimesters. That is, concomitant with the progressive changes of chest wall shape, the diaphragm increased its contribution to both spontaneous and maximal breathing, maintaining its thickness despite its lengthening due to the growing uterus. These results suggest that during pregnancy the diaphragm is conditioned to optimize its active role provided during parturition.
Automated CT-derived skeletal muscle mass determination in lower hind limbs of mice using a 3D U-Net deep learning network
Authors: van der Heyden Brent , van de Worp Wouter R. P. H. , van Helvoort Ardy , Theys Jan , Schols Annemie M. W. J. , Langen Ramon C. J. , Verhaegen Frank 
Published: November 2019

The loss of skeletal muscle mass is recognized as a complication of several chronic diseases and is associated with increased mortality and a decreased quality of life. Relevant and reliable animal models in which muscle wasting can be monitored noninvasively over time are instrumental to investigate and develop new therapies. In this work, we developed a fully automatic deep learning algorithm for segmentation of micro cone beam computed tomography images of the lower limb muscle complex in mice and subsequent muscle mass calculation. A deep learning algorithm was trained on manually segmented data from 32 mice. Muscle wet mass measurements were obtained from 47 mice and served as a data set for model validation and reverse model validation. The automatic algorithm performance was ~150 times faster than manual segmentation. Reverse validation of the algorithm showed high quantitative metrics (i.e., a Dice similarity coefficient of 0.93, a Hausdorff distance of 0.4 mm, and a center of mass displacement of 0.1 mm), substantiating the robustness and accuracy of the model. A high correlation ( R2 = 0.92) was obtained between the computed tomography-derived muscle mass measurements and the muscle wet masses. Longitudinal follow-up revealed time-dependent changes in muscle mass that separated control from lung tumor-bearing mice, which was confirmed as cachexia. In conclusion, this deep learning model for automated assessment of the lower limb muscle complex provides highly accurate noninvasive longitudinal evaluation of skeletal muscle mass. Furthermore, it facilitates the workflow and increases the amount of data derived from mouse studies while reducing the animal numbers. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This deep learning application enables highly accurate noninvasive longitudinal evaluation of skeletal muscle mass changes in mice with minimal requirement for operator involvement in the data analysis. It provides a unique opportunity to increase and analyze the amount of data derived from animal studies automatically while reducing animal numbers and analytical workload.