bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of Battle Line Formation
Authors: Ciubara Iurii 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents basic concepts regarding the establishment of the battle lines depending on the level of the warfare. Thus, at the operative level within the operations of the task force level division (brigades) will be used principles that determine the choice of the formation, organization and judicious use of the battle lines yet at the tactical level other principles will be used. At the same time, the article points out that the battle line of troops is an important element of the defensive or offensive structure in the course of the military actions, which exerts an influence on the other elements, due to which there is the possibility of gaining victory.
Study on Measuring the Performance of the Education System with the Help of Key Performance Indicators
Authors: Virca Ioan , Rusu Maria-Lucia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper carries out a study based on the procedural approach of quality management in the educational system, with application on the military field, in order to measure organizational performance. Therefore, the evaluation methodology comprises a series of steps that can be found as subchapters in the paper. The procedural approach of performance evaluation allows the development of an integrated vision of the interdependencies and interactions between the specific processes, which favors an efficient analysis of the quality and quantity of the obtained results. The conclusions of the analysis are materialized in measures to improve the organizational processes, thus contributing to the achievement of an efficient quality management in the educational system.
Is there a Link between Sustainability, Perception and Buying Decision at the Point of Sale?
Authors: Lamberz Julia , Litfin Thorsten , Teckert Özlem , Meeh-Bunse Gunther 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
If retailers and brand manufacturers of food succeed in presenting their products at the point of sale, quickly generating a high level of attention, the likelihood of a purchase is significantly increased. Particularly, in recent years, they have been relying on the megatrend of sustainability. The importance of sustainable food has grown accordingly. Hence, an increasing number of manufacturers are challenged to communicate the sustainability of their products via packaging and displays at the point of sale.

Objectives
The aim of this article is: to examine to what extent the design of individual packaging and display elements of new sustainable direct juice succeeds in visually communicating sustainability aspects. At the same time the willingness to pay of customers interested in sustainability must be commercialized.

Methods/Approach
The focus is on a real shopping situation in conditions that are as regular as possible. The perception of a display must be recorded by eye-tracking technology. A preliminary survey must examine consumers' attitudes towards sustainable food in order to relate it to the perception of individual display elements. For this purpose, the eye-tracking technology was combined with a survey of 32 customers.

Results
The results demonstrate that customers with a positive attitude towards sustainable food behave in the following way: they fix individual packaging and display elements that refer to sustainable components for a longer period of time; they remember product features better and they tend to have a slightly higher willingness to pay for the sustainable direct juice.

Conclusions
The configuration of an authentic and natural shopping situation provides the manufacturer with concrete recommendations for the design of the display. This communicates the sustainability of its product and thus generates the desired attention.
Testing the Twin Deficit Hypothesis: Evidence from the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Bucevska Vesna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn econometric analysis of the twin deficit hypothesis is of special importance for the Republic of North Macedonia in view of its perspective membership in the European Union and from the point of view of its macroeconomic stability in the long run.ObjectivesThe objective of this paper is to test empirically the validity of the twin deficit hypothesis in the Republic of North Macedonia.Methods/ApproachTo achieve this objective, we used actual quarterly data on Macedonia's budget and the current account deficit in the period from the first quarter of 2005 until the fourth quarter of 2017 and applied several econometrics methods: the Granger causality, a vector autoregressive (VAR) and a vector error correction model (VECM).ResultsThese findings point to the conclusion that efforts focused on improving the current account imbalances through fiscal policy will be inefficient in the short run.ConclusionsHowever, the existence of a long run relationship between the budget deficit and the current account deficit indicates the necessity of policy initiatives focused not only on reducing the budget deficit, but also on improving the external position of the country though export promotion.
Predictive Analysis of Dengue Outbreak Based on an Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Mustaffa Zuriani , Sulaiman Mohd Herwan , Rosli Khairunnisa Amalina Mohd , Mohsin Mohamad Farhan Mohamad , Yusof Yuhanis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to enhance the exploration capability of conventional Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) with the inducing of Levy Flight. With such modification, it will assist the SSA from trapping in local optimum. The proposed approach, which is later known as an improved SSA (iSSA) is employed in monthly dengue outbreak prediction. For that matter, monthly dataset of rainfall, humidity, temperature and number of dengue cases were employed, which render prediction information. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and compared against the conventional SSA and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The obtained results suggested that the iSSA was not only able to produce lower RMSE, but also capable to converge faster at lower rate as well.
Groundwater quality assessment of the coastal alluvial aquifer of Wadi Hachem, Tipaza, Algieria
Authors: Bouderbala Abdelkader 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Groundwater quality in the alluvial aquifer of Wadi Hachem, Tipaza, was assessed for drinking and irrigation purposes. This alluvial plain covers an area of 13 km² and lies in a semiarid climate. Groundwater is the major source for domestic and agricultural water activities in this region, and it is facing natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. The groundwater quality was evaluated on the basis of its physicochemical parameters for the dry period of 2015. The results of these parameters were compared with WHO and Algerian standards recommended for drinking water. The water quality was found to be slightly alkaline, with moderate water quality for drinking based on Total Hardness (TH), Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and all water samples were within the permissible limit for drinking and irrigation purposes. The samples also showed two water types, Ca- HCO3 for the majority of samples, that characterize natural water quality controlled generally by the recharge area and by geological influences and Ca-Cl water type for one sample that is likely influenced mainly by anthropogenic activities, which was affirmed by the higher values of EC, TDS and of some ion concentrations. The analytical data plotted on Riverside and Wilcox diagrams illustrated high and very high salinity, and low sodium hazard rendering groundwater usable only on soils with good permeability.
Building Digital Capacity for Higher Education Teachers: Recognising Professional Development Through a National Peer Triad Digital Badge Ecosystem
Authors: Donnelly Roisin , Maguire Terry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Digital Badge design and practice at a national level is a relatively new field of scrutiny and this study reports on a sector-wide initiative for building digital capacity with the design, and implementation of an ecosystem of 15 open courses in teaching and learning with digital badges to recognise the professional development of teachers in Irish higher education. Each course is provided in three delivery modes and mapped to Ireland’s National Professional Development Framework for teachers. This enables multiple access points for teachers to engage in professional development via the Framework and recognize their engagement through peer triads and a digital badge ecosystem. The paper critically discusses and reflects on the study of the complex phenomena of the application of the open courses within professional contexts. A novel dimension is the implementation of a peer triad system for recognition of PD. Implementing the open courses digital badges ecosystem was challenging as this different form of assessment required a clear understanding of all stakeholder expectations, the language of recognition and how the learning outcomes could be met and validated using a peer triad assessment. This paper concludes with sectoral learning on nationally recognized open course development, including success factors for building digital capacity, challenges encountered and transferability to other contexts.
Double Barreled Questions: An Analysis of the Similarity of Elements and Effects on Measurement Quality
Authors: Menold Natalja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn double barreled questions (DBQs) respondents provide one answer to two questions. Assumptions how respondents treat DBQs and how DBQs impact measurement quality are tested in two randomized experiments. DBQs are compared with revisions in which one stimulus was retained while the other stimulus was skipped. The observed means and parameters when modeling latent variables differed among the versions. Metric and scalar measurement invariance was not given among the versions, and at least one single stimulus version was found to be associated with a higher validity. Response latencies did not differ among versions or respondents needed less time to respond to DBQs. The author concludes that respondents may understand the stimuli in a DBQ differently, and access one of them while disregarding the other, which can have an adverse effect on validity.
Ministerial Advisers in Slovakia: Profiles and Career Paths, 2010 – 2020
Authors: Krajňák Samuel , Staronova Katarína , Pickering Heath 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study examines the transparency of the regulatory framework under which ministerial advisors exist within the politicized context of a Central and Eastern European perspective. We compare profiles and career paths of ministerial advisers under five different types of coalition governments and examine if variance across government types can be explained by type of party – established vs. new parties. Empirically, the article draws on a cohort of 162 ministerial advisers in Slovakia across five governments from 2010 to 2020. We arrive at multiple findings. Firstly, we suggest the limitation in the availability and reporting of data is an important finding as it highlights accountability gaps and lack of government transparency irrespective of the party in power. Secondly, within the low regulatory environment, ministers appoint multiple types of staff including both formal “visible” ministerial advisers and “invisible” ministerial agents that, if one could accurately measure, would likely demonstrate that the ministerial advisory system is more inflated than we currently present. The ad-hoc nature of the advisory system also creates fluctuations in the size of the ministerial adviser cohort across governments and across different ministries. This would also help to explain the next finding, which is that, contrary to the experience in many countries, the overall size of the advisor population does not grow, probably because executive politicians have other avenues of appointing advisory agents. Fourthly, the advisers have a fairly equal distribution of prior employment from both the public sector and the private sector, but we do see some evidence of more established political parties preferring to recruit from the public sector and newer parties preferring to recruit from the private sector. Lastly, the appointment process appears to be highly controlled by individual ministers, suggesting personal ties are essential (link between ministerial and advisor education) and party-political criteria are a low consideration. The research is conducted using a biographical approach in which freedom of information requests and open source data is scrapped and then triangulated via a dozen interviews with current and former advisers. It argues that regulation is weak, lacking public scrutiny, which provides loopholes for employing ministerial agents in informal ways that could create, at worst, the opportunity for corrupt behavior, or at least, lead to poor practices in good governance. Therefore, future research should focus on both the formal “visible” and informal “invisible” ways that ministers recruit their advisory agents, how their agents function, and whether existing regulatory measures create a transparent and accountable governance framework.
Online Surveillance in a Swedish Context: Between acceptance and resistance
Authors: Cocq Coppélie , Gelfgren Stefan , Samuelsson Lars , Enbom Jesper 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Users of digital media leave traces that corporations and authorities can harvest, systematise, and analyse; on the societal level, an overall result is the emergence of a surveillance culture. In this study, we examine how people handle the dilemma of leaving digital footprints: what they say they do to protect their privacy and what could legitimise the collection and storing of their data. Through a survey of almost 1,000 students at Umeå University in Sweden, we find that most respondents know that their data are used and choose to adjust their own behaviour rather than adopting technical solutions. In order to understand contemporary forms of surveillance, we call for a humanistic approach – an approach where hermeneutic and qualitative methods are central.
Urban Lab as a Tool for Joint Management in Cities
Authors: Kaszkur Alina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Urban Lab concept is aimed at creating innovations and expanding citizens’ participation in decision-making processes. This article presents the main premises of this concept, the specifics of its implementation in the conditions of Polish cities, the structure, objectives and types of activities of Urban Labs as well as functions they may perform in stimulating cooperation of the city with enterprises, scientific institutions and non-governmental organisations.
A Social and Economic Perspective on the Libyan Conflict. Tribalism and Oil Cases
Authors: Dinicu Anca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Libyan conflict has become an issue at the global level since its beginning. The foreign aid and support help got by the revolutionaries in their attempt to overthrow the Qaddafi regime and the role of tribes not only during these events but also afterwards, the country’s strategic position and oil reserves are the main points of interest when considering the North African internationalized civil war. While the role played by the tribes in stabilizing the political and social framework still lays at crossroads, being extremely controversial, the economic value and strategic importance of oil, for domestic actors as well as the international ones, are above any doubt.
Import-economic growth nexus in selected African countries: An application of the Toda-Yamamoto Granger non-causality test
Authors: Aluko Olufemi Adewale , Obalade Adefemi A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We determine the nexus between imports and economic growth for a sample of 26 African countries for the period 1990-2015 within the neoclassical production function framework. We mainly contribute to literature by overcoming the weak theoretical modelling framework and possible model specification bias in most extant studies. Using the Toda-Yamamoto Granger non-causality test, the empirical results indicate that there is absence of causality between imports and economic growth in more than half of the countries in the sample, thus suggesting that neutrality hypothesis is predominant among the countries. We provide ample evidence that causality is absent from imports to economic growth. However, our results should be treated with caution because the absence of causality from imports to economic growth should not imply that imports do not play a role in the growth process of an economy.
AS PERSPECTIVAS DO ATO DE AVALIAR EM SALA DE AULA E A AVALIAÇÃO SISTEMÁTICA NA REDE MUNICIPAL DE PORTO VELHO EM RAZÃO DO SAEB
Authors: Faria Wendell Fiori , Caetano Rosenilda , Silva Josineide Macena 
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo visa realizar uma reflexão sobre conceituação de avaliação e alguns de seus aspectos históricos no Brasil, mediante abordagem histórico-critica a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica. Ressalta-se que no âmbito educacional em algumas situações executa-se o ato de avaliar com a única finalidade de classificar o ensino, o aluno e o trabalho professoral. Além disso, desde o ano de 2007, o Governo Federal implantou a avaliação sistêmica aplicada para os estudantes de alguns anos escolares do Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio, tendo como meta verificar a aprendizagem e apresentar o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) de todo território brasileiro. Sendo assim, buscou-se respostas para a respectiva problemática: como a avaliação sistêmica na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Velho poderá contribuir para melhoria da aprendizagem de modo a subsidiar a qualidade da prática pedagógica para os alunos? O objetivo geral deste artigo consistiu em identificar algumas contribuições da avaliação sistêmica para melhoria da aprendizagem na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Velho a partir do ano de 2017 na responsabilidade da Secretaria Municipal de Educação. A metodologia utilizada pautou-se no levantamento de bibliografias com abordagem qualitativa sobre a temática. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de repensar as práticas avaliativas na escola, assim como no sistema municipal e federal de ensino, pois, há evidências que o estudante na contemporaneidade apresenta um novo perfil a ser formado diante do advento tecnológico e das inúmeras questões socioemocionais, o que remete a importância de também avaliar o estudante em aspectos intelectuais, físicos, culturais e emocionais.
EQUINE UNILATERAL HETEROTOPIC POLYODONTIA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Marques Camila Angela , Goehringer Karolliny Merlo , Silva Halana Do Carmo , Oliveira Alvaro De Paula Lage de , Flecher Mayra Cunha , Fideliz Junior Otavio Luiz , Spadeto Junior Odael , Moreira Tiago Facury 
Published: December 2020

Heterotopic polyodontia have been described in most domestic species and human. Known as a dentigerous cyst but appropriately called heterotopic polyiodontics, it rarely occurs in horses, however it is easily recognized as a congenital defect. The cysts usually associated with this condition contain part or all of dental structures. The heterotopic tooth or dental structure is usually adhered to the temporal bone and surrounded by a secretory membrane, with a accumulation of exudate and draining tract along the proximal pinna or directly over the cyst. This case report describes in a 2.5-year-old female quarter horse, weighing 430 kg, with a heterotopic polyodontia that contained two easily small’s identifiable dental structures, presented for evaluation of a chronic intermittent mucopurulent exudate discharge from the right sub-auricular region in the mastoid process of the temporal bone and a drainage tract near the right pinna. The diagnosis is established with clinical, radiographic, ultrasound and confirmed by histopathological examination of the structures removed. The cystic capsule was surgically removed, measuring approximately 3.0 x 2.3 cm in diameter, filled with mucopurulent exudate and containing two dental structures within 0.5 cm in diameter and 0.2 cm in diameter. Microscopic examination revealed a cystic area covered by stratified squamous epithelium with a lympho-histio-plasmatic cell infiltrate in the dermis, which was compatible with heterotopic polyodontia. Postoperatively, there were no neuromotor sequelae and wound healing evolved positively.
Effect of Arm Position on Visualization of Target Zone for Posterior Glenohumeral Joint Injection
Authors: Kho James , Almeer Ghassan , Azzopardi Christine , Singh Ravneet , James Steven , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Glenohumeral injections can be performed using a variety of approaches. We hypothesize that the position of the ipsilateral arm affects the target zone for posterior approach of glenohumeral joints.

Material and Methods:
We performed ultrasound on three volunteers with arm with in neutral and varying degrees of flexion and extension.

Results:
We found that target zone is increased on flexion and decreased with arm in extension.

Conclusion:
Considering patient comfort, target zone, and operator ergonomics, we conclude that the posterior glenohumeral US-guided injections should be performed with patient lying on the contralateral side with the ipsilateral arm in neutral, and hand rested on the thigh (Birmingham Royal Orthopedic Hospital (BROH) position).
Identificación de parásitos gastrointestinales predominantes en bovinos de la Península de Santa Elena
Authors: Chávez García Debbie , Acosta Lozano Néstor , García Pluas Ronny , Ortiz Nacaza Pablo , Andrade Yucailla Verónica 
Published: December 2020

La investigación se realizó en el Centro de Faenamiento Regional del cantón La Libertad, provincia de Santa Elena; el objetivo fue identificar la presencia o ausencia y tipos de parásitos gastrointestinales que se encuentran en los bovinos, para el estudio se utilizó la técnica coproparasitaria de flotación por sacarosa-glucosa y de frotis directo, la toma de muestras fecales se realizó en cincuenta animales post-mortem seleccionando aquellos provenientes de la zona peninsular, se tomó una muestra de heces, se identificó y conservó hasta su posterior análisis en el laboratorio de investigaciones agropecuarias de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, los resultados obtenidos se procesaron en el paquete estadístico SPSS 21.0. En los resultados se observó principalmente, parásitos gastrointestinales predominando los Nematodos con 87%, Cestodos 9% y quistes de Protozoos 4%; en donde la mayor presencia de los diferentes tipos de parásitos fueron Oesophagostomun spp (Nematodos) con 31%, Moniezia expansa 50% (cestodos) y Balantidium coli (protozoo) con 43%, cabe recalcar que, el método más eficiente en las condiciones para este estudio empleado fue el de la técnica de flotación con sacarosa en el cual se obtuvo un 55% de carga parasitaria en comparación con la de glucosa 35% y con el directo un 10%. Los resultados indican que, de acuerdo con los parámetros establecidos, es necesario realizar un plan sanitario en las diferentes zonas de la Península de Santa Elena para determinar los principales antiparasitarios que se deben utilizar para contrarrestar los nematodos, cestodos y protozoos dentro del tracto digestivo del bovino y poder bajar su presencia en la zona, mejorando el comportamiento productivo de los animales.