bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global adoption of robotic technology into neurosurgical practice and research
Authors: Stumpo Vittorio , Staartjes Victor E. , Klukowska Anita M. , Golahmadi Aida Kafai , Gadjradj Pravesh S. , Schröder Marc L. , Veeravagu Anand , Stienen Martin N. , Serra Carlo , Regli Luca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent technological advancements have led to the development and implementation of robotic surgery in several specialties, including neurosurgery. Our aim was to carry out a worldwide survey among neurosurgeons to assess the adoption of and attitude toward robotic technology in the neurosurgical operating room and to identify factors associated with use of robotic technology. The online survey was made up of nine or ten compulsory questions and was distributed via the European Association of the Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) in February and March 2018. From a total of 7280 neurosurgeons who were sent the survey, we received 406 answers, corresponding to a response rate of 5.6%, mostly from Europe and North America. Overall, 197 neurosurgeons (48.5%) reported having used robotic technology in clinical practice. The highest rates of adoption of robotics were observed for Europe (54%) and North America (51%). Apart from geographical region, only age under 30, female gender, and absence of a non-academic setting were significantly associated with clinical use of robotics. The Mazor family (32%) and ROSA (26%) robots were most commonly reported among robot users. Our study provides a worldwide overview of neurosurgical adoption of robotic technology. Almost half of the surveyed neurosurgeons reported having clinical experience with at least one robotic system. Ongoing and future trials should aim to clarify superiority or non-inferiority of neurosurgical robotic applications and balance these potential benefits with considerations on acquisition and maintenance costs.
Impact of safety warnings for fluoroquinolones on prescribing behaviour. Results of a cohort study with outpatient routine data
Authors: Georgi Ulrike , Tesch Falko , Schmitt Jochen , de With Katja 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The need for drug-related safety warnings is undisputed, but their impact on prescribing behaviour is not always clear. Safety warnings usually do not contain therapeutic alternatives. Based on German outpatient routine healthcare data, our cohort study investigated the impact of three warnings for fluoroquinolones on prescribing behaviour.

Methods
Structural breaks were estimated in a time-series analysis (2005–2014) of 184,134 first antibiotic prescriptions for patients (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS), or acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB). Subsequently, risk factors for patients’ before/after safety warnings presented as risk ratios (RR) were estimated by Poisson regression.

Results
Following the 2008 warning for moxifloxacin, the RR of being prescribed moxifloxacin was reduced by 56% (95% CI 0.41–0.47; p < 0.001) for CAP, by 65% (95% CI 0.32–0.39; p < 0.001) for ABS, by 57% (95% CI 0.41–0.45; p < 0.001) for AECB. After the 2012 warning for levofloxacin, the RR of being prescribed levofloxacin was reduced by 31% (95% CI 0.64–0.74; p < 0.001) for CAP, by 14% (95% CI 0.77–0.96; p = 0.007) for ABS, by 27% (95% CI 0.69–0.77; p < 0.001) for AECB. We noticed a prescription-switch to other antibiotics which was not in line with the national guideline recommendations. The warning for moxifloxacin 2009 had no impact on prescribing behaviour.

Conclusion
This study observed an impact on prescribing behaviour in response to regulatory safety warnings for two out of three warnings. Information on therapeutic alternatives should be a part of any safety warning to encourage the intended changes in prescribing behaviour.
Exam cheating among Quebec’s preservice teachers: the influencing factors
Authors: Fontaine Sylvie , Frenette Eric , Hébert Marie-Hélène 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents the results of a research that aimed to examine the phenomenon of student cheating on exams in faculties of education in Quebec universities. A total of 573 preservice teachers completed an online survey in 2018. The questionnaire consisted of 28 questions with a Likert scale related to individual and contextual factors associated with the propensity to cheat on exams as well as two yes/no items on the arguments for cheating. Descriptive and hierarchical linear regression analyses highlighted the existence of cheating but also how three factors influenced the students’ propensity to cheat: influence of peers, methods of cheating, and institutional context.
Physical, numerical, and computational challenges of modeling neutrino transport in core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Mezzacappa Anthony , Endeve Eirik , Messer O. E. Bronson , Bruenn Stephen W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe proposal that core collapse supernovae are neutrino driven is still the subject of active investigation more than 50 years after the seminal paper by Colgate and White. The modern version of this paradigm, which we owe to Wilson, proposes that the supernova shock wave is powered by neutrino heating, mediated by the absorption of electron-flavor neutrinos and antineutrinos emanating from the proto-neutron star surface, or neutrinosphere. Neutrino weak interactions with the stellar core fluid, the theory of which is still evolving, are flavor and energy dependent. The associated neutrino mean free paths extend over many orders of magnitude and are never always small relative to the stellar core radius. Thus, neutrinos are never always fluid like. Instead, a kinetic description of them in terms of distribution functions that determine the number density of neutrinos in the six-dimensional phase space of position, direction, and energy, for both neutrinos and antineutrinos of each flavor, or in terms of angular moments of these neutrino distributions that instead provide neutrino number densities in the four-dimensional phase-space subspace of position and energy, is needed. In turn, the computational challenge is twofold: (i) to map the kinetic equations governing the evolution of these distributions or moments onto discrete representations that are stable, accurate, and, perhaps most important, respect physical laws such as conservation of lepton number and energy and the Fermi–Dirac nature of neutrinos and (ii) to develop efficient, supercomputer-architecture-aware solution methods for the resultant nonlinear algebraic equations. In this review, we present the current state of the art in attempts to meet this challenge.
Adaptive kinematic textile architecture
Authors: Wyller Maria , Yablonina Maria , Alvarez Martin , Menges Achim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe research presented in this paper explores how textiles can be formed into adaptive, kinematic spaces to be able to respond to its environment and users utilizing on-site, distributed, mobile robotic connectors. The project aimed at creating an adaptive system that consumes little energy while making use of textiles’ advantageous qualities—their lightweight, portability, and manipulability. This was achieved through the development of a bespoke on-material mobile machine able to locomote on suspended sheets of fabrics while shaping them. Together, the connector and the tectonic system compose a lightweight architectural robot controlled with a feedback loop that evaluates real-time environmental sensor data from the space against user-defined targets. This research demonstrates how the combination of mobile robotics and textile architecture opens up new design possibilities for adaptive spaces by proposing a system that is able to generate a significant architectural effect with minimal mechanical actuation.
Breaking Deadlocks: Reward Probability and Spontaneous Preference Shape Voluntary Decisions and Electrophysiological Signals in Humans
Authors: Zajkowski Wojciech , Krzemiński Dominik , Barone Jacopo , Evans Lisa H. , Zhang Jiaxiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChoosing between equally valued options is a common conundrum, for which classical decision theories predicted a prolonged response time (RT). This contrasts with the notion that an optimal decision maker in a stable environment should make fast and random choices, as the outcomes are indifferent. Here, we characterize the neurocognitive processes underlying such voluntary decisions by integrating cognitive modelling of behavioral responses and EEG recordings in a probabilistic reward task. Human participants performed binary choices between pairs of unambiguous cues associated with identical reward probabilities at different levels. Higher reward probability accelerated RT, and participants chose one cue faster and more frequent over the other at each probability level. The behavioral effects on RT persisted in simple reactions to single cues. By using hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation for an accumulator model, we showed that the probability and preference effects were independently associated with changes in the speed of evidence accumulation, but not with visual encoding or motor execution latencies. Time-resolved MVPA of EEG-evoked responses identified significant representations of reward certainty and preference as early as 120 ms after stimulus onset, with spatial relevance patterns maximal in middle central and parietal electrodes. Furthermore, EEG-informed computational modelling showed that the rate of change between N100 and P300 event-related potentials modulated accumulation rates on a trial-by-trial basis. Our findings suggest that reward probability and spontaneous preference collectively shape voluntary decisions between equal options, providing a mechanism to prevent indecision or random behavior.
Solid-state NMR spectroscopic studies of 13C,15N,29Si-enriched biosilica from the marine diatom Cyclotella cryptica
Authors: Kolbe Felicitas , Ehren Helena Leona , Kohrs Simon , Butscher Daniel , Reiß Lukas , Baldus Marc , Brunner Eike 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiatoms are algae producing micro- and nano-structured cell walls mainly containing amorphous silica. The shape and patterning of these cell walls is species-specific. Herein, the biosilica of Cyclotella cryptica, a centric marine diatom with a massive organic matrix, is studied. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is applied to gain deeper insight into the interactions at the organic–inorganic interface of the cell walls. The various organic compounds like polysaccharides as well as proteins and long-chain polyamines (LCPAs) are detected by observation of heteronuclei like 13C and 15N whereas the silica phase is studied using 29Si NMR spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the NMR experiments is strongly enhanced by isotope-labeling of the diatoms during cultivation with 13C, 15N and 29Si. The presence of two different chitin species in the biosilica is demonstrated. This observation is supported by a monosaccharide analysis of the silica-associated organic matrix where a high amount of glucosamine is found. Moreover, the Rotational Echo Double Resonance (REDOR) experiment provides distance information for heteronuclear spins. 13C{29Si} REDOR experiments reveal proximities between different organic compounds and the silica phase. The closest contacts between silica and organic compounds appear for different signals in the 13C-chemical shift range of 40–60 ppm, the typical range for LCPAs.
Establishing a Hospital-Based Early Intervention Program for Young Children With Cancer: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Harman Jennifer L. , Molnar Andrew E. , Jacola Lisa M. , Corr Angela , Scott Amy , Potter Brian , Schwartzberg Sarah , Boyer Holly , Greear Jodie , Willard Victoria W. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Through the use of quality improvement methodology, we aimed to increase the percent of eligible patients seen for developmental testing at our institution from 2.6% to 25% within a 36-month timeframe. Method: The Model for Improvement ( Langley et al., 2009 ) was utilized as a framework to develop and implement an interdisciplinary, hospital-based early intervention program that included comprehensive developmental assessments intended to inform intervention services. A kaizen event was used to map current processes, identify desired future state, and identify potential interventions. Outcomes were demonstrated through use of an annotated run chat and calculation of the percent of eligible patients seen. Descriptive feedback was solicited by e-mail from interdisciplinary team members. Results: The percent of eligible patients seen for clinical comprehensive developmental assessments and provided in-house early intervention services increased to 35.5% ( N = 155). Multidisciplinary team members reported that collaboration has improved, leading to enhanced developmental service delivery. Conclusions: This quality improvement initiative resulted in a program that filled a substantial clinical need at our institution. Pediatric psychologists could utilize the model for improvement to similarly enhance the quality of care for very young patients with cancer in their hospital settings. In doing so, professionals who work at hospitals dependent upon clinical revenues may consider utilization of Medicaid’s early and periodic screening, diagnostic, and treatment benefit. Implications for Impact Statement Efforts to increase the number of very young children with cancer seen for developmental assessments were successful at one institution. Other settings could implement similar processes to enhance services for young children.
Pediatric Pain and Obesity: Relationships and Initial Tool Validation
Authors: Santos Melissa , Gorin Amy A. , Thaker Shefali , Zempsky William 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Pediatric obesity and pain are 2 of the more prevalent chronic health conditions in childhood. Recent research suggests a strong correlation between these conditions; however, more research is needed to clarify the nature of this relationship. Method: Youth ( N = 103) between the ages of 7 and 19 who were undergoing evaluation in a pediatric obesity program were assessed for prevalence, location, and burden of pain. In addition, for those endorsing pain, its relationships to age, body mass index (BMI), BMI z score, mood, and eating behaviors were evaluated. Finally, the utility of a pain measure, The Pain Burden Interview, in a sample with obesity was examined. Results: Almost 75% of youth reported pain on entry into the obesity program with the most common areas of pain being headache, back pain, and knee pain. Almost 44% of these youth reported pain in more than one location. Pain burden over the previous month was similar to that seen in those youth with other pain conditions. There was no relationship seen between pain and age, BMI, or BMI z score. However, for those endorsing pain, increased pain burden scores were correlated with increased depressive symptoms, food addiction, and inattention scores. The Pain Burden Interview demonstrated evidence validity in this sample in identifying a population with unique needs that require further attention. Conclusions: Pain is a common comorbidity of youth with obesity. Providers should be assessing and tailoring interventions to manage these two conditions. Future research should evaluate treatment interventions for youth with obesity and pain. Implications for Impact Statement This article presents findings examining the relationship between pediatric pain and obesity. For youth presenting for obesity treatment, pain is a significant copresenting condition. Pain should be assessed, and treated, for youth with obesity given its relationship to mood, eating and behavior to allow for individualized interventions.
Eigenmode operation of piezoelectric resonant gyroscopes
Authors: Hodjat-Shamami Mojtaba , Ayazi Farrokh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe theory of eigenmode operation of Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes and its implementation on a thin-film piezoelectric gyroscope is presented. It is shown analytically that the modal alignment of resonant gyroscopes can be achieved by applying a rotation transformation to the actuation and sensing directions regardless of the transduction mechanism. This technique is especially suitable for mode matching of piezoelectric gyroscopes, obviating the need for narrow capacitive gaps or DC polarization voltages. It can also be applied for mode matching of devices that require sophisticated electrode arrangements for modal alignment, such as electrostatic pitch and roll gyroscopes with slanted electrodes utilized for out-of-plane quadrature cancellation. Gyroscopic operation of a 3.15 MHz AlN-on-Si annulus resonator that utilizes a pair of high-Q degenerate in-plane vibration modes is demonstrated. Modal alignment of the piezoelectric gyroscope is accomplished through virtual alignment of the excitation and readout electrodes to the natural direction of vibration mode shapes in the presence of fabrication nonidealities. Controlled displacement feedback of the gyroscope drive signal is implemented to achieve frequency matching of the two gyroscopic modes. The piezoelectric gyroscope shows a mode-matched operation bandwidth of ~250 Hz, which is one of the largest open-loop bandwidth values reported for a mode-matched MEMS gyroscope, a small motional resistance of ~1300 Ω owing to efficient piezoelectric transduction, and a scale factor of 1.57 nA/°/s for operation at atmospheric pressure, which greatly relaxes packaging requirements. Eigenmode operation results in an ~35 dB reduction in the quadrature error at the resonance frequency. The measured angle random walk of the device is 0.86°/√h with a bias instability of 125°/h limited by the excess noise of the discrete electronics.
Clandestine nanoelectromechanical tags for identification and authentication
Authors: Rassay Sushant , Ramezani Mehrdad , Shomaji Sumaiya , Bhunia Swarup , Tabrizian Roozbeh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe realization of truly unclonable identification and authentication tags is the key factor in protecting the global economy from an ever-increasing number of counterfeit attacks. Here, we report on the demonstration of nanoscale tags that exploit the electromechanical spectral signature as a fingerprint that is characterized by inherent randomness in fabrication processing. Benefiting from their ultraminiaturized size and transparent constituents, these clandestine nanoelectromechanical tags provide substantial immunity to physical tampering and cloning. Adaptive algorithms are developed for digital translation of the spectral signature into binary fingerprints. A large set of tags fabricated in the same batch is used to estimate the entropy of the corresponding fingerprints with high accuracy. The tags are also examined under repetitive measurements and temperature variations to verify the consistency of the fingerprints. These experiments highlight the potential of clandestine nanoelectromechanical tags for the realization of secure identification and authentication methodologies applicable to a wide range of products and consumer goods.
ASH2L drives proliferation and sensitivity to bleomycin and other genotoxins in Hodgkin’s lymphoma and testicular cancer cells
Authors: Constantin Daniel , Widmann Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is of clinical importance to identify biomarkers predicting the efficacy of DNA damaging drugs (genotoxins) so that nonresponders are not unduly exposed to the deleterious effects of otherwise inefficient drugs. Here, we initially focused on the bleomycin genotoxin because of the limited information about the genes implicated in the sensitivity or resistance to this compound. Using a whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout approach, we identified ASH2L, a core component of the H3K4 methyl transferase complex, as a protein required for bleomycin sensitivity in L1236 Hodgkin lymphoma. Knocking down ASH2L in these cells and in the NT2D1 testicular cancer cell line rendered them resistant to bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin but did not affect their sensitivity toward ATM or ATR inhibitors. ASH2L knockdown decreased cell proliferation and facilitated DNA repair via homologous recombination and nonhomologous end-joining mechanisms. Data from the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas indicate that patients with testicular cancer carrying alterations in the ASH2L gene are more likely to relapse than patients with unaltered ASH2L genes. The cell models we have used are derived from cancers currently treated either partially (Hodgkin’s lymphoma), or entirely (testicular cancer) with genotoxins. For such cancers, ASH2L levels could be used as a biomarker to predict the response to genotoxins. In situations where tumors are expressing low levels of ASH2L, which may allow them to resist genotoxic treatment, the use of ATR or ATM inhibitors may be more efficacious as our data indicate that ASH2L knockdown does not affect sensitivity to these inhibitors.
Differential guest location by host dynamics enhances propylene/propane separation in a metal-organic framework
Authors: Antypov Dmytro , Shkurenko Aleksander , Bhatt Prashant M. , Belmabkhout Youssef , Adil Karim , Cadiau Amandine , Suyetin Mikhail , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Rosseinsky Matthew J. , Dyer Matthew S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnergy-efficient approaches to propylene/propane separation such as molecular sieving are of considerable importance for the petrochemical industry. The metal organic framework NbOFFIVE-1-Ni adsorbs propylene but not propane at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, whereas the isostructural SIFSIX-3-Ni does not exclude propane under the same conditions. The static dimensions of the pore openings of both materials are too small to admit either guest, signalling the importance of host dynamics for guest entrance to and transport through the channels. We use ab initio calculations together with crystallographic and adsorption data to show that the dynamics of the two framework-forming units, polyatomic anions and pyrazines, govern both diffusion and separation. The guest diffusion occurs by opening of the flexible window formed by four pyrazines. In NbOFFIVE-1-Ni, (NbOF5)2− anion reorientation locates propane away from the window, which enhances propylene/propane separation.
Probing the ionic defect landscape in halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Reichert Sebastian , An Qingzhi , Woo Young-Won , Walsh Aron , Vaynzof Yana , Deibel Carsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoint defects in metal halide perovskites play a critical role in determining their properties and optoelectronic performance; however, many open questions remain unanswered. In this work, we apply impedance spectroscopy and deep-level transient spectroscopy to characterize the ionic defect landscape in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) perovskites in which defects were purposely introduced by fractionally changing the precursor stoichiometry. Our results highlight the profound influence of defects on the electronic landscape, exemplified by their impact on the device built-in potential, and consequently, the open-circuit voltage. Even low ion densities can have an impact on the electronic landscape when both cations and anions are considered as mobile. Moreover, we find that all measured ionic defects fulfil the Meyer–Neldel rule with a characteristic energy connected to the underlying ion hopping process. These findings support a general categorization of defects in halide perovskite compounds.