bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of rice straw biochar, sulfur and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in remediating soil contaminated with nickel through irrigation with untreated wastewater
Authors: Hashem Inas A. , Abbas Aonalah Y. , Abd El-Hamed Abo El-Nasr H. , Salem Haythum M.S. , El-hosseiny Omr E.M. , Abdel-Salam Mohamed A. , Saleem Muhammad Hamzah , Zhou Wenbing , Hu Ronggui 
Published: June 2020

Background
Untreated wastewater carries substantial amount of heavy metals and causes potential ecological risks to the environment, food quality, soil health and sustainable agriculture.

Methodology
In order to reduce the incidence of nickel (Ni2+) contamination in soils, two separate experiments (incubation and greenhouse) were conducted to investigate the potentials of rice straw biochar and elemental sulfur in remediating Ni2+ polluted soil due to the irrigation with wastewater. Five incubation periods (1, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days), three biochar doses (0, 10 and 20 g kg−1 of soil) and two doses of sulfur (0 and 5 g kg−1 of soil) were used in the incubation experiment then the Ni2+ was extracted from the soil and analyzed, while ryegrass seeds Lolium perenne L. (Poales: Poaceae) and the same doses of biochar and sulfur were used in the greenhouse experiment then the plants Ni2+-uptake was determined.

Results
The results of the incubation experiment revealed a dose-dependent reduction of DTPA-extractable Ni2+ in soils treated with biochar. Increasing the biochar dose from 0 g kg−1 (control) to 10 or 20 g kg−1 (treatments) decreased the DTPA-extractable Ni2+ from the soil by 24.6% and 39.4%, respectively. The application of sulfur increased the Ni2+-uptake by ryegrass plant which was used as hyper-accumulator of heavy metals in the green house experiment. However, the biochar decreased the Ni2+-uptake by the plant therefore it can be used as animal feed.

Conclusions
These results indicate that the biochar and sulfur could be applied separately to remediate the Ni2+-contaminated soils either through adsorbing the Ni2+ by biochar or increasing the Ni2+ availability by sulfur to be easily uptaken by the hyper-accumulator plant, and hence promote a sustainable agriculture.
Degradative Ability of Silver Particles Synthesized by Gram-negative Bacteria of Some Crops Rhizosphere on Crude Oil Polluted Soil
Authors: Ekundayo F. O. , Orisadipe D. B. , Onifade I. A. 
Published: June 2020

Aim: To degrade the crude oil polluted soil with silver particles synthesized by some Gram negative rhizosphere bacteria of cocoa, orange and timber obtained from Idanre, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: Soil samples were obtained from Idanre, Ondo State while crude oil polluted soil samples were obtained from Zion town in Ese- Odo at Ilaje, Ondo State, between June and September 2018. Also, Bonnylight Crude oil was collected from Warri in Nigeria. This research work was carried out at the Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Akure.
Methodology: Soil samples (rhizosphere) were collected in sterile polythene bags and tightly packed and transported for analysis. The types and loads of bacteria present in the soil samples were determined. Identification and characterization of various bacterial isolates were based on Gram staining techniques and different biochemical tests. The physicochemical properties of the crude oil polluted soil were determined. The microbial biomass and the synthesis of silver particles were carried out while the bioremediation of the crude oil polluted soil with the silver particles which were performed in triplicate. Also, bioremediation of crude oil with the bacterial isolates were performed in triplicate. Five millilitres (5 ml) of silver particles produced was inoculated into 50 g of sterilized crude oil polluted soil in a plastic container with 5ml of basal medium and 3 ml of the harvested cells of the isolates was inoculated into 10 ml of the basal medium with 30ml of crude oil in a conical flask. The unsterilized soil without inoculum and silver particles were served as control, also crude oil without inoculum and silver nanoparticles were served as a control.
Results: Citrobacter freundii, Yersinia pestis, Edwardsiella tarda, were isolated from rhizosphere of cocoa. Serratia marcescens, Providencia stuatii were isolated from rhizosphere of orange while Enterobacter agglutinate, Moellerella wisconsis were isolated from rhizosphere of timber. The silver particles bioremediation on polluted soil ranges were recorded within 5 days interval for 30 days. It was deduced that Enterobacter sp appeared to be the fastest on polluted soil followed by Citrobacter sp, Providencia sp, Serratia sp and Yersinia sp.
Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed the effects of rhizosphere Gram negative bacteria in cleaning up crude oil polluted soil environment and the usefulness of silver particles in remediating hydrocarbon polluted soil.
Update of the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, COVID-19, and Mortality in Mexico Until May 15, 2020: An Ecological Study
Authors: Padilla-Raygoza Nicolás , Sandoval-Salazar Cuauhtémoc , Díaz-Becerril Luis-Antonio , Beltrán-Campos Vicente , Díaz-Martínez Daniel Alberto , Navarro-Olivos Efraín , Gallardo-Luna María de Jesús , Magos-Vazquez Francisco J , León-Verdin Ma Guadalupe 
Published: June 2020

Aims: Disease for a novel coronavirus has been a big public health challenge around the world in the past several months. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemic and report the number of confirmed cases and deaths of disease for a novel coronavirus in Mexico until May 15, 2020.
Study Design: Ecological study.
Place and Duration of Study: Registries of confirmed cases for disease for a novel coronavirus in Mexican population during January and until May 15, 2020, from National System of Epidemiological Surveillance/ General Direction of Epidemiology/ Secretary of Health, Mexico.
Methodology: Based on the database of confirmed cases of disease for a novel coronavirus by Secretary of Health in Mexico, we collected data on age, gender, and deaths, and co-morbidities. As of May 15, 2020, 45,032 cases have been identified in Mexico.
Results: The first confirmed case in Mexico has been identified on January 8, 2020 and the incidence has been rising from the end of February and throughout March. The early confirmed cases were imported cases resulting from travel to USA, Italy, Germany, Spain, France and Singapore. No one travelled to China. No cases of community transmission have been reported. The cause-specific mortality rate was 10.59% and the possibility to death is three times more if comorbidities are in the patient.
Conclusion: The frequency of confirmed cases of disease for a novel coronavirus in Mexico are concerning and the health authorities in Mexico are waiting for the peak of the epidemiological curve to occur in May. The mortality is high with co-morbidities.
Chemical Fingerprinting of Nauclea latifolia, an Antidiabetic Plant, Using GC-MS
Authors: Mgbeje Bob I. A. , Abu Caroline 
Published: June 2020

Aim: Earlier studies have established the antidiabetic activity of Nauclea latifolia. The aim of this study was to obtain chemical fingerprints of the ethanolic extracts of Nauclea latifolia leaf using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in order to assure proper identification of the plant and to evaluate its phytochemical composition using GC-MS. It was also aimed at unravelling the phytochemical constituents responsible for its antidiabetic activities.
Methodology: The phytochemicals in the plant leaves were extracted by cold maceration in ethanol and subjected to GC-MS analysis.
Results: Chromatograms showed 51 peaks of identified phytochemical compounds. The GC-MS analysis also revealed sixteen (16) active antidiabetic phytochemicals namely: Pentanoic acid 4-oxo- ethyl ester, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Triethyl citrate, Quinic acid, 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, Phytol, Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, Vitamin E, Campesterol, Stigmasterol, Gamma-sitosterol.
Conclusion: The GC-MS profile provides a suitable chemical fingerprint to assure proper identification of the Nauclea latifolia plant. Sixteen (16) active phytochemicals of the plant leaf are known to have antidiabetic activities; these could be used as a basis for standardization of the plant preparations for diabetes therapy.
n‐Type Quinoidal Oligothiophene‐Based Semiconductors for Thin‐Film Transistors and Thermoelectrics
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganic electronic devices have gained immense popularity in the last 30 years owing to their increasing performance. Organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) are one of the basic organic electronic devices with potential industrial applications. Another class of devices called organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials can directly transform waste heat into usable electrical power without causing any pollution. p‐Type transistors outperform n‐type transistors because the latter requires a lower orbital energy level for efficient electron injection and stable electron transport under ambient conditions. Aromatic building blocks can be utilized in constructing n‐type semiconductors. Quinoidal compounds are another promising platform for optoelectronic applications because of their unique properties. Since their discovery in 1970s, quinoidal oligothiophene‐based n‐type semiconductors have drawn considerable attention as candidates for high‐performance n‐type semiconductors in OTFTs and OTEs. Herein, the development history of quinoidal oligothiophene‐based semiconductors is summarized, with a focus on the molecular design and the influence of structural modification on molecular packing and thus the device performance of the corresponding quinoidal oligothiophene‐based semiconductors. Insights on the potential of quinoidal oligothiophenes for high‐performance n‐type OTFTs and OTEs are also provided.
Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Zhang Qiaoqiao , Guan Jingqi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe recent advances in electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) are thoroughly reviewed. This comprehensive review focuses on the single‐atom catalysts (SACs) including Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, W, Bi, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au with single‐metal sites or dual‐metal sites. The recent development of single‐atom electrocatalysts with novel configurations and compositions is documented. The understanding of the process–structure–property relationships is highlighted. For the SACs, their electrocatalytic performance and stability in fuel cells, zinc–air batteries, electrolyzers, CO2RR, and NRR are summarized. The challenges and perspectives in the emerging field of single‐atom electrocatalysis are discussed.
Strain‐Engineered Anisotropic Optical and Electrical Properties in 2D Chiral‐Chain Tellurium
Authors: Wang Yixiu , Yao Shukai , Liao Peilin , Jin Shengyu , Wang Qingxiao , Kim Moon J. , Cheng Gary J. , Wu Wenzhuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAtomically thin materials, leveraging their low‐dimensional geometries and superior mechanical properties, are amenable to exquisite strain manipulation with a broad tunability inaccessible to bulk or thin‐film materials. Such capability offers unexplored possibilities for probing intriguing physics and materials science in the 2D limit as well as enabling unprecedented device applications. Here, the strain‐engineered anisotropic optical and electrical properties in solution‐grown, sub‐millimeter‐size 2D Te are systematically investigated through designing and introducing a controlled buckled geometry in its intriguing chiral‐chain lattice. The observed Raman spectra reveal anisotropic lattice vibrations under the corresponding straining conditions. The feasibility of using buckled 2D Te for ultrastretchable strain sensors with a high gauge factor (≈380) is further explored. 2D Te is an emerging material boasting attractive characteristics for electronics, sensors, quantum devices, and optoelectronics. The results suggest the potential of 2D Te as a promising candidate for designing and implementing flexible and stretchable devices with strain‐engineered functionalities.
Dynamical Imaging of Surface Photopotentials in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite Films under High Optical Irradiance and the Role of Selective Contacts
Authors: Pietralunga Silvia Maria , Irde Gabriele , Barker Alex J. , Ball James M. , Petrozza Annamaria , Sala Vittorio , Zani Maurizio , Lanzani Guglielmo , Tagliaferri Alberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo leverage the outstanding photonic qualities of lead halide hybrid perovskites under high optical irradiance, their reliability and temporal stability must be assessed. Time‐resolved scanning electron microscopy unveils that when illuminating the free surface of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) films at 500 Sun in vacuum, a giant photopotential locally develops in tens of seconds, differently evolving depending on charge‐selective substrates. It is reversible on timescales of minutes in the case of hole‐transporting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, while more persistent effects occurs, on the timescale of hours, in the case of electron‐transporting TiO2. In addition, films grown on TiO2 show irreversible decay of photoluminescence measured in situ and photoinduced alteration of the work function at some grain boundaries. Different responses at high irradiance are ascribable to contact‐dependent and light‐induced spatial redistribution of charged defects, either ions or localized dipoles. It is also clear that photoexcited charges play different roles in the photochemistry of systems, depending on selective contacts and they are likely to mediate diverse photoassisted redox reaction paths. The TiO2 layer may act as a photocatalyst, leading to MAPbI3 degradation and to irreversible polarization, which will hinder high‐irradiance applications.
Crystallographically Controlled Synthesis of SnSe Nanowires: Potential in Resistive Memory Devices
Authors: Davitt Fionán , Manning Hugh G. , Robinson Fred , Hawken Samantha L. , Biswas Subhajit , Petkov Nikolay , van Druenen Maart , Boland John J. , Reid Gillian , Holmes Justin D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHere the controlled growth of SnSe nanowires by a liquid injection chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method employing a distorted octahedral [SnCl4{nBuSe(CH2)3SenBu}] single‐source diselenoether precursor is reported. CVD with this single‐source precursor allows morphological and compositional control of the SnSex nanostructures formed, including the transformation of SnSe2 nanoflakes into SnSe nanowires and again to SnSe nanoflakes with increasing growth temperature. Significantly, highly crystalline SnSe nanowires with an orthorhombic Pnma 62 crystal structure can be controllably synthesized in two growth directions, either <011> or <100>. The ability to tune the growth direction of SnSe will have important implications for devices constructed using these nanocrystals. The SnSe nanowires with a <011> growth direction display a reversible polarity‐dependent memory switching ability, not previously reported for nanoscale SnSe. A resistive switching on/off ratio of 103 without the use of a current compliance limit is seen, illustrating the potential use of SnSe nanowires for low‐power nonvolatile memory applications.
Liquid Metal Direct Write and 3D Printing: A Review
Authors: Neumann Taylor V. , Dickey Michael D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis review discusses methods, challenges, and opportunities for direct‐write and 3D printing of low melting point, gallium‐based liquid metal alloys at room temperature. Alloys of gallium exhibit high conductivity and high stretchability making them well suited for use in soft circuitry for stretchable electronics and soft robotics. In addition, the liquid nature of the metal enables entirely new ways to pattern metals at room temperature; herein, the focus is placed on additive printing via nozzle‐based methods. Room temperature printing of liquid metals enables rapid fabrication of complex geometries (with dimensions as small as 10 µm) on a wide range of materials, such as polymers. These processes can be used to make metallic conductors for devices with self‐healing capabilities, soft/stretchable electrodes, and sensors.
Stereoselective Synthesis of N‐Propargyl Alkynes and Axial Chiral N‐Allenes with Epimeric Pyrroloimidazolone Auxiliaries
Authors: Sechi Maria Laura , Andrade Mateo , Foy Hayden , Pilkington Melanie , Dudding Travis , Metallinos Costa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn N‐propargyl pyrroloimidazolone with syn stereochemistry derived from L‐proline serves as a starting material for the diastereoselective synthesis (>95:5 dr) of propargyl alkynes or allenamides by direct quench of its lithiated intermediate with alkylating agents or aldehydes/ketones, respectively. Use of the epimeric anti pyrroloimidazolone starting material results in reversal of stereochemistry at the propargyl position in the products, without the need to prepare a separate substrate from D‐proline. Lithiation of the syn pyrroloimidazolone and quench with prochiral benzaldehydes without prior transmetalation gives allenamides with crystallographically verified atypical stereochemistry of the benzylic alcohol in >95:5 dr. The epimeric series of benzylic alcohols may also be obtained in >95:5 dr by employing transmetalation with chlorotitanium triisopropoxide prior to aldehyde quench. Density Functional Theory (DFT) computational studies provide a rationale for the change in benzylic alcohol stereochemistry by virtue of differing stereofacial attack in 6,5‐bicyclic (Li) or 6‐membered (Ti) transition states.magnified image
Challenges and Strategies for Constructing Highly Reversible Zinc Anodes in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives
Authors: Yu Yanxia , Xu Wei , Liu Xiaoqing , Lu Xihong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted increasing attention as a next‐generation energy storage system because of their inherent safety, high capacity, and cost effectiveness. However, the poor cycling durability and low coulombic efficiency of zinc anodes substantially restrict their further development, which should be attributed to the severe dendrite growth, shape change, surface passivation, self‐corrosion, and byproduct formation across the repeated plating/stripping processes. To address these critical issues, great efforts have been dedicated to the rational design of zinc anodes. In this review, different strategies for the performance improvement of zinc anodes are summarized as well as recent research that boosts their development. These methods include the surface modification, novel host‐anode development for zinc, electrolyte formulation, and separator design. Their respective advantages and defects are compared and discussed in detail. The challenges and further prospects in this field are also addressed. This work is designed to shed light on advanced zinc anode constructions for high‐performance AZIBs assembly.
Generalizable, Reproducible, and Neuroscientifically Interpretable Imaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jin Dan , Zhou Bo , Han Ying , Ren Jiaji , Han Tong , Liu Bing , Lu Jie , Song Chengyuan , Wang Pan , Wang Dawei , Xu Jian , Yang Zhengyi , Yao Hongxiang , Yu Chunshui , Zhao Kun , Wintermark Max , Zuo Nianming , Zhang Xinqing , Zhou Yuying , Zhang Xi , Jiang Tianzi , Wang Qing , Liu Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrecision medicine for Alzheimer's disease (AD) necessitates the development of personalized, reproducible, and neuroscientifically interpretable biomarkers, yet despite remarkable advances, few such biomarkers are available. Also, a comprehensive evaluation of the neurobiological basis and generalizability of the end‐to‐end machine learning system should be given the highest priority. For this reason, a deep learning model (3D attention network, 3DAN) that can simultaneously capture candidate imaging biomarkers with an attention mechanism module and advance the diagnosis of AD based on structural magnetic resonance imaging is proposed. The generalizability and reproducibility are evaluated using cross‐validation on in‐house, multicenter (n = 716), and public (n = 1116) databases with an accuracy up to 92%. Significant associations between the classification output and clinical characteristics of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, a middle stage of dementia) groups provide solid neurobiological support for the 3DAN model. The effectiveness of the 3DAN model is further validated by its good performance in predicting the MCI subjects who progress to AD with an accuracy of 72%. Collectively, the findings highlight the potential for structural brain imaging to provide a generalizable, and neuroscientifically interpretable imaging biomarker that can support clinicians in the early diagnosis of AD.
Tailoring the Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of an Artificial Interphase for High‐Performance Metallic Lithium Anode
Authors: Sun Yipeng , Amirmaleki Maedeh , Zhao Yang , Zhao Changtai , Liang Jianneng , Wang Changhong , Adair Keegan R. , Li Junjie , Cui Teng , Wang Guorui , Li Ruying , Filleter Tobin , Cai Mei , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Sun Xueliang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLithium metal is regarded as the “Holy Grail” of anode materials due to its low electrochemical potential and high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, its unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) leads to low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and serious safety issues. Herein, a hybrid nanoscale polymeric protective film with tunable composition and improved stiffness is developed by incorporating aluminum crosslinkers into the polymer chains. The Li plating/stripping process is regulated through the protective coating and the dendrite growth is effectively suppressed. Promisingly, the protected Li can deliver stable performance for more than 350 h with a cycling capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 without a notable increase in overpotential. Moreover, a stable charge/discharge cycling in Li–O2 batteries with the protected Li can be maintained for more than 600 h. This work provides guidance on the rational design of electrode interfaces and opens up new opportunities for the fabrication of next‐generation energy storage systems.
Laparoscopic repeat liver resection
Authors: Morise Zenichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecurrence of liver cancers inside the liver are often treated with liver resection (LR). However, increased risks of complications and conversion during operation were reported in laparoscopic repeat LR (LRLR). The indication is still controversial. One multi‐institutional propensity score matching analysis of LRLR vs open repeat LR for hepatocellular carcinoma, two propensity score matching analyses for colorectal metastases, and two meta‐analyses including hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, metastases, and other tumors have been reported to date. LRLR was reported with better to comparable short‐term and similar long‐term outcomes. Furthermore, the shorter operation time and the smaller amount of intraoperative bleeding for LRLR was reported for the patients who had undergone laparoscopic rather than open LR as an earlier procedure. The speculations are presented, that complete dissection of adhesion can be dodged and laparoscopic minor repeated LR can minimize the liver functional deterioration in cirrhotic patients. LRLR, as a powerful local therapy, could contribute to the long‐term outcomes of those with deteriorated liver function. However, the procedure is now in its developing stage worldwide and further accumulation of experiences and evaluation are needed.