bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 and HIV coinfection
Authors: Nagarakanti Sandhya R. , Okoh Alexis K. , Grinberg Sagy , Bishburg Eliahu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may be at an increased risk for morbidity and mortality from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We present the clinical outcomes of HIV patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 in a matched comparison with historical controls.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of HIV patients admitted for COVID‐19 between March 2020 and April 2020 to Newark Beth Israel Medical Center. Data on baseline clinical characteristics and hospital course were documented and compared with that of a matched control group of COVID‐19 patients who had no history of HIV. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the log‐rank tests were used to estimate and compare in‐hospital survival between both unmatched and matched groups.ResultsTwenty‐three patients with HIV were hospitalized with COVID‐19. The median age was 59 years. The rates of in‐hospital death, the need for mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were 13% (n = 3), 9% (n = 2), and 9% (n = 2), respectively. The HIV infection was well‐controlled in all patients except for three patients presented with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). All AIDS patients were discharged home uneventfully. A one‐to‐one propensity matching identified 23 COVID‐19 patients who served as a control group. In both pre‐ and post‐match cohorts, survival between HIV and control groups were comparable.ConclusionsIn our cohort of HIV‐infected patients hospitalized for COVID‐19, there was no difference in mortality, ICU admission, and the need for mechanical ventilation when compared with a matched control of COVID‐19 patients with HIV.
Phylogenetic analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the first few months since its emergence
Authors: Pereson Matías J. , Mojsiejczuk Laura , Martínez Alfredo P. , Flichman Diego M. , Garcia Gabriel H. , Di Lello Federico A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring the first few months of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) evolution in a new host, contrasting hypotheses have been proposed about the way the virus has evolved and diversified worldwide. The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis to describe the human outbreak and the evolutionary rate of different genomic regions of SARS‐CoV‐2. The molecular evolution in nine genomic regions of SARS‐CoV‐2 was analyzed using three different approaches: phylogenetic signal assessment, emergence of amino acid substitutions, and Bayesian evolutionary rate estimation in eight successive fortnights since the virus emergence. All observed phylogenetic signals were very low and tree topologies were in agreement with those signals. However, after 4 months of evolution, it was possible to identify regions revealing an incipient viral lineage formation, despite the low phylogenetic signal since fortnight 3. Finally, the SARS‐CoV‐2 evolutionary rate for regions nsp3 and S, the ones presenting greater variability, was estimated as 1.37 × 10−3 and 2.19 × 10−3 substitution/site/year, respectively. In conclusion, results from this study about the variable diversity of crucial viral regions and determination of the evolutionary rate are consequently decisive to understand essential features of viral emergence. In turn, findings may allow the first‐time characterization of the evolutionary rate of S protein, crucial for vaccine development.
Utility of RSV rapid diagnostic assays in hospitalized children in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Freeman Megan C. , Haddadin Zaid , Lawrence Lindsey , Piya Bhinnata , Krishnaswami Shanthi , Faouri Samir , Shehabi Asem , Williams John V. , Khuri‐Bulos Najwa , Halasa Natasha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute respiratory infections in children worldwide and a frequent cause of hospitalization. Rapid diagnostic assays (RDAs) are available for RSV and they help guide management; however, they are underutilized in developing countries. We compared molecular diagnostics to RSV RDA in hospitalized children in Amman, Jordan.Materials and MethodsChildren under 2 years of age, admitted with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled prospectively from March 2010 to 2012. Demographic and clinical data were collected through parent/guardian interviews and medical chart abstraction. RSV RDAs were performed, and nasal/throat swabs were tested for RSV using quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).ResultsRSV RDA and PCR were performed on specimens from 1271 subjects. RSV RDA had a sensitivity of 26% and a specificity of 99%, with positive and negative predictive values of 98.6% and 43%, respectively. RDA‐positive patients had fewer days of symptoms at presentation and were more likely to have a history of prematurity, lower birth weight, require supplemental oxygen, and a longer hospitalization as compared with subjects with negative RDA. Multivariate analysis showed only lower birth weight, lack of cyanosis on examination, and lower cycle threshold to be independently associated with positive RDA (p ≤ .001).ConclusionRSV RDAs had high specificity, but low sensitivity as compared with qRT‐PCR. Positive RDA was associated with patients with a more severe disease, as indicated by oxygen use, longer length of stay, and higher viral load. Implementation of RDAs in developing countries could be an inexpensive and expedient method for predicting RSV disease severity and guiding management.
The concept of alimentation and transdisciplinary research
Authors: Aguilera José M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough the term ‘alimentation’ has existed in the English language since the late 16th century, its use is infrequent. In Latin languages, particularly French, ‘alimentation’ conveys a holistic notion of the process by which humans produce, procure, prepare, share, indulge in, and digest their foods. Thus, the concept of alimentation encompasses and integrates human, technological, sociocultural, and environmental domains. This article delves into the origins of the term ‘alimentation’ and its use in the foreign scientific literature, and particularly in the social sciences. Unlike ‘food and nutrition’, alimentation provides a broader frame for the grand challenges of what, how, and with whom we eat. This approach should lead to transdisciplinary research (TDR) interfacing several knowledge domains (e.g., environmental, technological, socio‐cultural, nutritional, etc.) and involving key stakeholders. Possible outcomes of TDR in alimentation are inspiring and meaningful collaborations, innovative methodologies for integrating knowledge, transformative learning of researchers, enriched educational experiences for students, focused community action, and improved public policy. The term ‘alimentation’ is appropriately used in French and other Latin languages. Alimentation embraces human, technological, sociocultural, and environmental issues This holistic concept views agriculture, food, and nutrition as parts of a broader process Transdisciplinary research interfaces several dimensions of food and eating. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Non‐invasive setup for grape maturation classification using deep learning
Authors: Ramos Rodrigo P , Gomes Jéssica S , Prates Ricardo M , Simas Filho Eduardo F , Teruel Barbara J , dos Santos Costa Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe San Francisco Valley region from Brazil is known worldwide for its fruit production and exportation, especially grapes and wines. The grapes have high quality not only due to the excellent morphological characteristics, but also to the pleasant taste of their fruits. Such features are obtained because of the climatic conditions present in the region. In addition to the favorable climate for grape cultivation, harvesting at the right time interferes with fruit properties.ResultsThis work aims to define grape maturation stage of Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon cultivars with the aid of deep‐learning models. The idea of working with these algorithms came from the fact that the techniques commonly used to find the ideal harvesting point are invasive, expensive, and take a long time to get their results. In this work, convolutional neural networks were used in an image classification system, in which grape images were acquired, preprocessed, and classified based on their maturation stage. Images were acquired with varying illuminants that were considered as parameters of the classification models, as well as the different post‐harvesting weeks. The best models achieved maturation classification accuracy of 93.41% and 72.66% for Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon respectively.ConclusionsIt was possible to correctly classify wine grapes using computational intelligent algorithms with high accuracy, regarding the harvesting time, corroborating chemometric results. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential roles of dimethysulfoxide in regional sulfur cycling and phytoplankton physiological ecology in the NE Subarctic Pacific
Authors: Herr Alysia E. , Dacey John W. H. , Kiene Ronald P. , McCulloch Ross D. , Schuback Nina , Tortell Philippe D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe measured the concentration and turnover rates of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) across the northeast Subarctic Pacific (NESAP) to better understand the role of this compound in regional sulfur cycling and phytoplankton physiological ecology. Using ship‐track observations and Lagrangian drifter surveys, we examined the spatial and temporal components of DMS and DMSO variability, comparing rates of DMSO reduction with simultaneous measurements of dimethylsulfide (DMS) oxidation and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) cleavage. Our results show high concentrations and rapid turnover of DMSO across much of our NESAP survey region. DMS and DMSO concentrations ranged from < 1 nM to maxima of 26 nM and 183 nM, respectively, and exhibited a nonlinear positive relationship. Rate constants for DMSO reduction to DMS ranged from < 1 to 6.5 d−1 and were correlated to bacterial production and phytoplankton taxonomic composition. DMSO reduction rates exceeded dissolved DMSP cleavage at nearly all stations, and exceeded DMS oxidation rates at four stations where DMSO reduction and DMS oxidation were measured simultaneously. At these stations, net DMS production from DMSO ranged from 0.50 to 7.18 nM d−1. During our Lagrangian survey, DMSO concentrations decreased during periods of peak mid‐day irradiance. A strong correlation between DMSO concentrations, non‐photochemical quenching and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) suggest a potential role for DMSO in photo‐protection, supporting previous suggestions of an anti‐oxidant function for this molecule. Our findings highlight the potential contribution of DMSO to net DMS production in the NESAP, and suggest a role for this compound in phytoplankton physiological ecology.
Sequential Use of Normothermic Regional and Ex Situ Machine Perfusion in Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Transplant
Authors: Ghinolfi Davide , Dondossola Daniele , Rreka Erion , Lonati Caterina , Pezzati Daniele , Cacciatoinsilla Andrea , Kersik Alessia , Lazzeri Chiara , Zanella Alberto , Peris Adriano , Maggioni Marco , Biancofiore Giandomenico , Reggiani Paolo , Morganti Riccardo , De Simone Paolo , Rossi Giorgio 
Published: September 2020

In Italy, 20 minutes of a continuous flat line on an electrocardiogram are required for declaration of death. In the setting of donation after circulatory death (DCD), prolonged warm ischemia time prompted the introduction of abdominal normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) followed by postprocurement ex situ machine perfusion (MP). This is a retrospective review of DCD liver transplantations (LTs) performed at 2 centers using sequential NRP and ex situ MP. From January 2018 to April 2019, 34 DCD donors were evaluated. Three (8.8%) were discarded before NRP, and 11 (32.4%) were discarded based on NRP parameters (n = 1, 3.0%), liver macroscopic appearance at procurement and/or biopsy results (n = 9, 26.5%), or severe macroangiopathy at back‐table evaluation (n = 1, 3.0%). A total of 20 grafts (58.8%; 11 uncontrolled DCDs, 9 controlled DCDs) were considered eligible for LT, procured and perfused ex situ (9 normothermic and 11 dual hypothermic MPs). In total, 18 (52.9%; 11 uncontrolled) livers were eventually transplanted. Median (interquartile range) no‐flow time was 32.5 (30‐39) minutes, whereas median functional warm ischemia time was 52.5 (47‐74) minutes (controlled DCD), and median low‐flow time was 112 minutes (105‐129 minutes; uncontrolled DCD). There was no primary nonfunction, while postreperfusion syndrome occurred in 8 (44%) recipients. Early allograft dysfunction happened in 5 (28%) patients, while acute kidney injury occurred in 5 (28%). After a median follow‐up of 15.1 (9.5‐22.3) months, 1 case of ischemic‐type biliary lesions and 1 patient death were reported. DCD LT is feasible even with the 20‐minute no‐touch rule. Strict NRP and ex situ MP selection criteria are needed to optimize postoperative results.
Evaluating the role of NTHL1 p.Q90* allele in inherited breast cancer predisposition
Authors: Kumpula Timo , Tervasmäki Anna , Mantere Tuomo , Koivuluoma Susanna , Huilaja Laura , Tasanen Kaisa , Winqvist Robert , de Voer Richarda M. , Pylkäs Katri 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundRare protein truncating variants of NTHL1 gene are causative for the recently described, recessively inherited NTHL1 tumor syndrome that is characterized by an increased lifetime risk for colorectal cancer, colorectal polyposis, and breast cancer. Although there is strong evidence for breast cancer being a part of the cancer spectrum in these families, the role of pathogenic NTHL1 variants in breast cancer susceptibility in general population remains unclear.MethodsWe tested the prevalence of NTHL1 nonsense variant c.268C>T, p.Q90*, which is the major allele in NTHL1 families and also shows enrichment in the Finnish population, in a total of 1333 breast cancer patients. Genotyping was performed for DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood by using high‐resolution melt analysis.ResultsSixteen NTHL1 p.Q90* heterozygous carriers were identified (1.2%, p = 0.61): 5 in hereditary cohort (n = 234, 2.1%, p = 0.39) and 11 in unselected cohort (n = 1099, 1.0%, p = 0.36). This frequency is equal to that in the general population (19/1324, 1.4%). No NTHL1 p.Q90* homozygotes were identified.ConclusionOur results indicate that NTHL1 p.Q90* heterozygous carriers do not have an increased risk for breast cancer and that the variant is unlikely to be a significant contributor to breast cancer risk at the population level.
Photomultiplication type near‐infrared organic photodetectors with a mixed active layer
Authors: Wu Lishuang , Xu Rudan , Yao Guangping , Su Dasheng , Su Zisheng , Yang Huishan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhotomultiplication type near‐infrared (NIR) organic photodetectors (OPDs) are constructed with lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) and C60 acted as the donor and acceptor, respectively. Compared with the PbPc/C60 planar heterojunction device, the PbPc:C60 mixed active layer devices show enhanced NIR responses. The optimized mixed active layer device displays an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.8% at 870 nm under zero bias, which is about 45% higher than that of planar heterojunction device. Moreover, it also presents a detectivity in the order of 1012 Jones and an EQE of 400% under applied bias of −8 V, indicating a photocurrent gain obtained in the device. Although the mixed active layer devices have a lower absorption in the NIR region, the donor: acceptor mixed structure increases the donor/acceptor contact area and forms continuous carrier transport paths, which increases the excitons dissociation efficiency and the photogenerated carriers collection efficiency and hence the response of the devices.
Experimental studies on the effects of fog and haze on free‐space optical link at 405 nm
Authors: Aovuthu Sree Madhuri , Immadi Govardhani , Madhavareddy Venkata Narayana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFree‐space optics (FSO) is a perfect line of sight communication which is gaining a lot of popularity in the current research as it offers many advantages such as license free communication, high bandwidth, high speed, low bit error rate, and so on. Like the other communication technologies, FSO also suffers from adverse effects due to the climatic changes in the atmosphere. Some of the prominent effects that degrade the strength of the signal in free space are the fog, snow, haze, and rain. In this paper, the effects of fog and haze on the FSO link were investigated with the support of both simulated and experimental results. An experimental setup consisting of a single‐channel FSO system enclosed in a glass cabinet is used for generating the experimental results, and the simulation is carried out in OptiSystem using the Kim, Kruse, and Alnaboulsi prediction models. Results demonstrate that the simulated and experimental results follow the same pattern that as the intensity fog or the intensity of haze increases the received voltage levels decline.
Ankylosing spondylitis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis: The relationship between living with these diseases and psychological well‐being
Authors: Kelly Kate 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeThis study explored the psychological impact of living with chronic pain as a result of ankylosing spondylitis or undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. The aim was to investigate individual's current pain experience and their current psychological state.MethodsA total of 161 individuals who had a clinical diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis or undifferentiated spondyloarthritis participated in an online survey. This survey measured daily/weekly pain, quality of life and psychological wellbeing.ResultsResults indicated that participants reported feeling high levels of pain consistently that impaired their daily functioning more than 50% of the time. Furthermore, on average participants reported experiencing extremely severe levels of psychological distress, that significantly correlated with their experience with pain.ConclusionsThis research is significant as it highlights a need to address the psychological well‐being of individuals who are diagnosed with chronic rheumatic disease in conjunction with the support they receive for their physical well‐being. Furthermore, health professionals need to be mindful of the degree of debilitation associated with these diseases.
β‐Adrenoceptor regulates contraction and inflammatory cytokine expression of human bladder smooth muscle cells via autophagy under pathological hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Chen Guo , Jin Xi , Luo Deyi , Ai Jianzhong , Xiao Kaiwen , Lai Junyu , He Qin , Li Hong , Wang Kunjie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsAbnormal intravesical pressure created by partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) triggered the progression from chronic inflammation to fibrosis, initiating structural and functional alterations of bladder. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of contraction and inflammatory response, we investigated the isolated human bladder smooth muscle cells (hBSMC) under pathological hydrostatic pressure (HP) mimicking the in vivo PBOO condition.MethodshBSMCs were subjected to HP of 200 cm H2O to explore the contraction and inflammatory cytokine expression of hBSMC treated with β‐adrenoceptors (ADRBs) and/or autophagy signaling pathway agonists and/or antagonists.ResultsWe showed that pathological HP induced the release of the proinflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor, and interleukin‐6. HP downregulated ADRB2 and ADRB3 expression, which was consistent with the results of the PBOO rat model. ADRB2 or autophagy activation repressed pathological HP‐induced proinflammatory cytokine production. ADRB2, ADRB3 or autophagy activation ameliorated the HP‐enhanced contraction. The increased contraction and autophagy activity by ADRB2 agonist under HP conditions were reversed by pretreatment with antagonists of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK).ConclusionThe present study provides evidence that the ADRB3 agonist suppresses hBSMC contraction under pathological HP conditions. Moreover, the ADRB2 agonist negatively regulates the contraction and inflammatory response of hBSMCs through AMPK/mTOR‐mediated autophagy under pathological HP. These findings provide a theoretical basis for potential therapeutic strategies for patients with PBOO.
Pregnancy in Women with Metastatic Sarcomas
Authors: Yazigi Alexandre , Lecointe-Artzner Estelle , Cesne Axel Le , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Blay Jean-Yves 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Successful pregnancy in women with metastatic cancer is rare in the published literature. We report here on four women with sarcoma who started and conducted their first pregnancies while in metastatic disease. All four pregnancies were first pregnancies, and all four women are long-term survivors from 20 to 248 months after pregnancy. One patient had three pregnancies. All four women stopped systemic cancer treatment during their pregnancies, and two had RECIST progression during treatment interruption. Three patients still have unresectable metastatic disease, whereas one is in complete remission. In selected metastatic sarcomas with indolent courses, successful pregnancies are possible with no or minor impact on cancer progression and with prolonged life duration after pregnancy. As metastatic cancer becomes more often a chronic disease, this possibility opens important practical and ethical questions on how to best to advise women of childbearing age with metastatic cancers who are long-term survivors.
Donor‐Stabilized Monocarba‐Bridged Bis(cyclopentadienyl)alanes
Authors: Haider Wasim , Huch Volker , Morgenstern Bernd , Schäfer André 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFive monocarba‐bridged bis(cyclopentadienyl)aluminum halide NHC and thione complexes and one monocarba‐bridged bis(cyclopentadienyl)phosphanylalane NHC complex are reported. The former were synthesized by transmetalation of a C[1]magnesocenophane with the corresponding aluminum(III) chloride and aluminum(III) bromide donor adducts. The phosphanylalane complex was obtained by a subsequent functionalization of the corresponding bromoalane with lithium diphenylphosphide. All complexes were characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Bonding energies of the NHC and thione ligands to the aluminum centres were estimated by DFT calculations.