bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Wound management in the horse
Authors: Freeman Sarah L. , Ashton Neal M. , Elce Yvonne A. , Hammond Anna , Hollis Anna R. , Quinn Greg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are currently no evidence summaries on wounds in the horse.ObjectivesTo develop evidence‐based guidelines on wound management in the horse.Study designEvidence review using the GRADE framework.MethodsResearch questions were proposed by a panel of veterinarians, and developed into PICO format. Evidence in the veterinary literature was evaluated using the GRADE evidence‐to‐decision framework. Searches for human evidence summaries were conducted in the NICE, Cochrane and JBI databases. Final recommendations were based on both veterinary and human evidence.Results and recommendationsThe research questions were categorised into three areas: A. Wound lavage and topical treatments; B. Wound debridement and closure; C. Therapeutics for wound healing. Three hundred and six veterinary publications were identified across thirteen different topics. Fourteen papers were assessed using the GRADE criteria. Twenty‐five human evidence summaries were reviewed. The results were developed into recommendations:

Wound lavage and topical treatments: (i) Tap water should be considered instead of saline for lavage; (ii) Povidone iodine lavage should be considered for contaminated wounds; (iii) Topical silver sulfadiazine may not be suitable for acute wounds; (iv) Optimal lavage pressures are around 13 psi.
Wound debridement and closure: (i) Debridement pads should be considered for wound preparation; (ii) Larvae debridement should be considered in selected cases; (iii) Hydrosurgery should be considered in acute contaminated wounds.
Therapeutics for wound healing: (i) Honey may reduce duration of some phases of wound healing.
There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on the use of chemical debridement, therapeutic ultrasound, laser therapy, wound closure with staples compared to sutures, or identify optimal concentrations of antiseptic lavage solutions.Main limitationsLow quality evidence in veterinary literature; majority of recommendations were based on human evidence.ConclusionsThese findings should be used to inform decision‐making in equine primary care practice.
Allometric constraints and competition enable the simulation of size structure and carbon fluxes in a dynamic vegetation model of tropical forests (LM3PPA‐TV)
Authors: Martínez Cano Isabel , Shevliakova Elena , Malyshev Sergey , Wright S. Joseph , Detto Matteo , Pacala Stephen W. , Muller‐Landau Helene C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTropical forests are a key determinant of the functioning of the Earth system, but remain a major source of uncertainty in carbon cycle models and climate change projections. In this study, we present an updated land model (LM3PPA‐TV) to improve the representation of tropical forest structure and dynamics in Earth system models (ESMs). The development and parameterization of LM3PPA‐TV drew on extensive datasets on tropical tree traits and long‐term field censuses from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. The model defines a new plant functional type (PFT) based on the characteristics of shade‐tolerant, tropical tree species, implements a new growth allocation scheme based on realistic tree allometries, incorporates hydraulic constraints on biomass accumulation, and features a new compartment for tree branches and branch fall dynamics. Simulation experiments reproduced observed diurnal and seasonal patterns in stand‐level carbon and water fluxes, as well as mean canopy and understory tree growth rates, tree size distributions, and stand‐level biomass on BCI. Simulations at multiple sites captured considerable variation in biomass and size structure across the tropical forest biome, including observed responses to precipitation and temperature. Model experiments suggested a major role of water limitation in controlling geographic variation forest biomass and structure. However, the failure to simulate tropical forests under extreme conditions and the systematic underestimation of forest biomass in Paleotropical locations highlighted the need to incorporate variation in hydraulic traits and multiple PFTs that capture the distinct floristic composition across tropical domains. The continued pressure on tropical forests from global change demands models which are able to simulate alternative successional pathways and their pace to recovery. LM3PPA‐TV provides a tool to investigate geographic variation in tropical forests and a benchmark to continue improving the representation of tropical forests dynamics and their carbon storage potential in ESMs.
Tissue regulatory T cells
Authors: Lui Prudence PokWai , Cho Inchul , Ali Niwa 
Published: May 2020

SummaryFoxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immune cell lineage endowed with immunosuppressive functionality in a wide array of contexts, including both anti‐pathogenic and anti‐self responses. In the past decades, our understanding of the functional diversity of circulating or lymphoid Tregs has grown exponentially. Only recently, the importance of Tregs residing within non‐lymphoid tissues, such as visceral adipose tissue, muscle, skin and intestine, has been recognized. Not only are Tregs critical for influencing the kinetics and strength of immune responses, but the regulation of non‐immune or parenchymal cells, also fall within the purview of tissue‐resident or infiltrating Tregs. This review focuses on providing a systematic and comprehensive comparison of the molecular maintenance, local adaptation and functional specializations of Treg populations operating within different tissues.
PLK1 regulates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis through Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Yu , Chen Xin , Ji Ya‐Ru , Zhu Sai , Bu Fang‐Tian , Du Xiao‐Sa , Meng Xiao‐Ming , Huang Cheng , Li Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs an outcome of chronic liver disease, liver fibrosis involves the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) caused by a variety of chronic liver injuries. It is important to explore approaches to inhibit the activation and proliferation of HSCs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. PLK1 is overexpressed in many human tumour cells and has become a popular drug target in tumour therapy. Therefore, further study of the function of PLK1 in the cell cycle is valid. In the present study, we found that PLK1 expression was elevated in primary HSCs isolated from CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis mice and LX‐2 cells stimulated with TGF‐β1. Knockdown of PLK1 inhibited α‐SMA and Col1α1 expression and reduced the activation of HSCs in CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis mice and LX‐2 cells stimulated with TGF‐β1. We further showed that inhibiting the expression of PLK1 reduced the proliferation of HSCs and promoted HSCs apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we found that the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway may be essential for PLK1‐mediated HSCs activation. Together, blocking PLK1 effectively suppressed liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSC activation, which may provide a new treatment strategy for liver fibrosis.
Early adolescent gender diversity and mental health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study
Authors: Potter Alexandra , Dube Sarahjane , Allgaier Nicholas , Loso Hannah , Ivanova Masha , Barrios Lisa C. , Bookheimer Susan , Chaarani Bader , Dumas Julie , Feldstein‐Ewing Sarah , Freedman Edward G. , Garavan Hugh , Hoffman Elizabeth , McGlade Erin , Robin Leah , Johns Michelle M. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThere are known associations between mental health symptoms and transgender identity among adults. Whether this relationship extends to early adolescents and to gender domains other than identity is unclear. This study measured dimensions of gender in a large, diverse, sample of youth, and examined associations between diverse gender experiences and mental health.MethodsThe ABCD study is an ongoing, longitudinal, US cohort study. Baseline data (release 2.0) include 11,873 youth age 9/10 (48% female); and the 4,951 1‐year follow‐up visits (age 10/11; 48% female) completed prior to data release. A novel gender survey at the 1‐year visit assessed felt‐gender, gender noncontentedness, and gender nonconformity using a 5‐point scale. Mental health measures included youth‐ and parent‐reports.ResultsRoughly half a percent of 9/10‐year‐olds (n = 58) responded ‘yes’ or ‘maybe’ when asked, ‘Are you transgender’ at baseline. Recurrent thoughts of death were more prevalent among these youth compared to the rest of the cohort (19.6% vs. 6.4%, χ2 = 16.0, p < .001). At the 1‐year visit, when asked about the three dimensions of gender on a 5‐point scale, 33.2% (n = 1,605) provided responses that were not exclusively and totally aligned with one gender. Significant relationships were observed between mental health symptoms and gender diversity for all dimensions assessed.ConclusionsSimilar to adult studies, early adolescents identifying as transgender reported increased mental health symptoms. Results also point to considerable diversity in other dimensions of gender (felt‐gender, gender noncontentedness, gender nonconformity) among 10/11‐year‐olds, and find this diversity to be related to critical mental health symptoms. These findings add to our limited understanding of the relationship between dimensions of gender and wellness for youth.
New insights in the management of Hepatocellular Adenoma
Authors: Klompenhouwer Anne J. , de Man Robert A. , Dioguardi Burgio Marco , Vilgrain Valerie , Zucman‐Rossi Jessica , Ijzermans Jan N. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHepatocellular adenoma (HCA) are benign liver tumours that may be complicated by haemorrhage or malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiological data are fairly outdated, but it is likely to assume that the incidence has increased over the past decades as HCA are more often incidentally found due to the more widespread use of imaging techniques and the increased incidence of obesity. Various molecular subgroups have been described. Each of these molecular subgroups are defined by specific gene mutations and pathway activations. Additionally, they are all related to specific risk factors and show a various biological behaviour. These molecular subgroups may be identified using immunohistochemistry and molecular characterization. Contrast‐enhanced MRI is the recommended imaging modality to analyse patients with suspected hepatocellular adenoma allowing to determine the subtype in up to 80%. Surgical resection remains to be the golden standard in treating HCA, although resection is deemed unnecessary in a large number of cases, as studies have shown that the majority of HCA will regress over time without complications such as haemorrhage or malignant transformation occurring. It is preferable to treat patients with suspected HCA in high volume centres with combined expertise of liver surgeons, hepatologists, radiologists and (molecular) pathologists.
Gut microbiota of invasive bullfrog tadpoles responds more rapidly to temperature than a noninvasive congener
Authors: Fontaine Samantha S. , Kohl Kevin D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental temperature can alter the composition, diversity, and function of ectothermic vertebrate gut microbial communities, which may result in negative consequences for host physiology, or conversely, increase phenotypic plasticity and persistence in harsh conditions. The magnitude of either of these effects will depend on the length of time animals are exposed to extreme temperatures, and how quickly the composition and function of the gut microbiota can respond to temperature change. However, the temporal effects of temperature on gut microbiota are currently unknown. Here, we investigated the length of time required for increased temperature to alter the composition of gut bacterial communities in tadpoles of two frog species, the green frog, Lithobates clamitans, and its congener, the globally invasive American bullfrog, L. catesbeianus. We also explored the potential functional consequences of these changes by comparing predicted metagenomic profiles across temperature treatments at the last experimental time point. Bullfrog‐associated microbial communities were more plastic than those of the green frog. Specifically, bullfrog communities were altered by increased temperature within hours, while green frog communities took multiple days to exhibit significant changes. Further, over ten times more bullfrog bacterial functional pathways were temperature‐dependent compared to the green frog. These results support our hypothesis that bullfrog gut microbial communities would respond more rapidly to temperature change, potentially bolstering their ability to exploit novel environments. More broadly, we have revealed that even short‐term increases in environmental temperature, expected to occur frequently under global climate change, can alter the gut microbiota of ectothermic vertebrates.
GREEN STRIPE, encoding methylated TOMATO AGAMOUS‐LIKE 1, regulates chloroplast development and Chl synthesis in fruit
Authors: Liu Genzhong , Li Changxing , Yu Huiyang , Tao Peiwen , Yuan Lei , Ye Jie , Chen Weifang , Wang Ying , Ge Pingfei , Zhang Junhong , Zhou Guolin , Zheng Wei , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Yuyang 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Fruit development involves chloroplast development, carotenoid accumulation and fruit coloration. Although genetic regulation of fruit development has been extensively investigated, epigenetic regulation of fruit coloration remains largely unexplored.

Here, we report a naturally occurring epigenetic regulation of TAGL1, and its impact on chloroplast development and fruit coloration. We used a genome‐wide association study in combination with map‐based cloning to identify the GREEN STRIPE (GS) locus, a methylated isoform of TAGL1 regulating diversified chloroplast development and carotenoid accumulation.

Nonuniform pigmentation of fruit produced by GS was highly associated with methylation of the TAGL1 promoter, which is linked to a SNP at SL2.50ch07_63842838. High degrees of methylation of the TAGL1 promoter downregulated its expression, leading to green stripes. By contrast, low degrees of methylation led to light green stripes in gs. RNA‐seq and ChIP collectively showed that the expression of genes involved with Chl synthesis and chloroplast development were significantly upregulated in green stripes relative to light green stripes.

Quantitative PCR and dual luciferase assay confirmed that TAGL1 downregulates expression of SlMPEC, SlPsbQ, and SlCAB, and upregulates expression of PSY1 – genes which are associated with chloroplast development and carotenoid accumulation. Altogether, our findings regarding the GS locus demonstrate that naturally occurring methylation of TAGL1 has diverse effects on plastid development in fruit.
Cereal root exudates contain highly structurally complex polysaccharides with soil‐binding properties
Authors: Galloway Andrew F. , Akhtar Jumana , Marcus Susan E. , Fletcher Nathan , Field Katie , Knox Paul 
Published: May 2020

SummaryRhizosheaths function in plant−soil interactions, and are proposed to form due to a mix of soil particle entanglement in root hairs and the action of adhesive root exudates. The soil‐binding factors released into rhizospheres to form rhizosheaths have not been characterised. Analysis of the high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) root exudates of both wheat and maize plants indicate the presence of complex, highly branched polysaccharide components with a wide range of galactosyl, glucosyl and mannosyl linkages that do not directly reflect cereal root cell wall polysaccharide structures. Periodate oxidation indicates that it is the carbohydrate components of the HMW exudates that have soil‐binding properties. The root exudates contain xyloglucan (LM25), heteroxylan (LM11/LM27) and arabinogalactan‐protein (LM2) epitopes, and sandwich‐ELISA evidence indicates that, in wheat particularly, these can be interlinked in multi‐polysaccharide complexes. Using wheat as a model, exudate‐binding monoclonal antibodies have enabled the tracking of polysaccharide release along root axes of young seedlings, and their presence at root hair surfaces and in rhizosheaths. The observations indicate that specific root exudate polysaccharides, distinct from cell wall polysaccharides, are adhesive factors secreted by root axes, and that they contribute to the formation and stabilisation of cereal rhizosheaths.
Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic thermotectonic history of eastern, central and southern Mexico as determined through integrated thermochronology, with implications for sediment delivery to the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Gray Gary G. , Villagomez Diego , Pindell James , Molina-Garza Roberto , O'Sullivan Paul , Stockli Daniel , Farrell William , Blank David , Schuba Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

A database of 134 apatite fission track (AFT), and apatite and zircon (U–Th)/He analyses has been assembled for eastern Mexico. Most of these samples have reset ages and track lengths reflecting rapid cooling. Time–temperature histories were modelled for 99 localities, and were converted to depth using a constant gradient of 30°C km
−1
. Maps of these results reveal smooth temperature patterns in space and time, indicating that heating was due to regional burial rather than hydrothermal circulation. Cooling began by 90 Ma in the west and 50 Ma along the eastern edge of the Sierra Madre Oriental. These ages mimic the duration of the Mexican Orogeny, which verifies that most of these AFT ages have event significance. The elongate Mayrán Basin, a part of the Mexican foreland basin system, formed and grew across and above the eastern toe of the active Sierra Madre Oriental. This basin subsided between at least 70 and
c.
40 Ma, and reached a minimum depth of 6 km. It was a both a catchment and routing system for sediment from US and Mexican sources. The shape of the basin suggests that early outflow was directed through the Burgos Basin into the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). By 50 Ma, some outflow potentially routed southwards through the Tampico Misantla Basin area. The Mayrán Basin subsided until 40 Ma, and then began to uplift and erode. This inversion mobilized the stored sediment and redeposited it into the GoM, filling the offshore Bravo Trough. Volcanism swept eastwards between 90 and 40 Ma, driven by northeastward-directed flat-slab subduction, which may also have driven the contraction. Local subsidence during contraction suggests there was dynamic pull-down created by the underriding flat slab. Subsidence ceased at
c.
40 Ma, as volcanism swept back westward and asthenosphere replaced the flat slab. The crust rebounded, creating an ensuing period of massive erosion which peaked around 20 Ma. Southern Mexico was relatively quiet until rapid uplift began in Oaxaca in late Oligocene–early Miocene time. Uplift progressed eastwards to the Chiapas Massif in the late Miocene, commensurate with the eastward translation of the Chortis Block.
An additional record of the Tamdil Leaf-litter Frog Leptobrachella tamdil (Sengupta et al., 2010) (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India
Authors: Vanlalsiammawii  , Remruatpuii  , V.L Malsawmhriatzuali  , Lalmuansanga  , Gospel Zothanmawia Hmar  , Saisangpuia Sailo  , Ht. Decemson  , Biakzuala Lal , H.T. Lalremsanga  
Published: May 2020

A poorly known Tamdil Leaf-litter Frog Leptobrachella tamdil was collected from Tuilut stream in Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, which represents the third specimen for the species after the original description a decade ago. This report extends the species distribution range to ca. 59km west from the type locality, and also provides additional data on the morphometry with notes on the natural habitat.
Cardiovascular Health in American Indians and Alaska Natives: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Breathett Khadijah , Sims Mario , Gross Marie , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Jones Emily J. , Navas-Acien Ana , Taylor Herman , Thomas Kevin L. , Howard Barbara V. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health
Published: May 2020

Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Over the past 50 years, the prevalence of CVD has been rising among American Indians and Alaska Natives. The objective of this statement is to summarize population-level risk factors and management techniques tailored for the American Indian and Alaska Native populations.

Methods:
PubMed/MEDLINE, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the annual Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics report from the American Heart Association were used to identify risk factors and interventions specific to American Indians and Alaska Natives.

Results:
Diabetes mellitus is a major contributor to disproportionately higher rates of coronary heart disease among American Indians and Alaska Natives compared with other racial and ethnic groups. Additional risk factors for CVD include low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hypertension, renal disease, age, and sex. Smoking and exposure to toxic metals are risk factors for some subpopulations. A quarter of American Indians live below the federal poverty line, and thus, low socioeconomic status is an important social determinant of cardiovascular health. Community-based interventions have reduced CVD risk in American Indians and Alaska Natives. Underreporting of American Indian and Alaska Native race could underestimate the extent of CVD in this population.

Conclusions:
Prevention and treatment of CVD in American Indians and Alaska Natives should focus on control of risk factors and community-based interventions that address social determinants of health, particularly among individuals with diabetes mellitus. Accurate reporting of race/ethnicity is encouraged to address race-specific risk factors.