bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Posterior Tenectomy of the Superior Oblique on Objective and Subjective Torsion in Cases of Superior Oblique Overaction
Authors: Sharma Pradeep , Saxena Rohit , Rao B Venkateswara , Menon Vimala 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of posterior tenectomy of the superior oblique on the correction of A-pattern, superior oblique overaction and the changes in torsion that occur in such cases.
Patients and Methods: This prospective study included 15 consecutive cases of bilateral superior oblique overaction with an ?-pattern of more than 20 PD, a difference of deviation between 25° upgaze and 35° downgaze, and superior oblique overaction of 2+ to 3+ on a scale of 0 to 4+. Deviation was measured in the primary position, 25° upgaze, and 35° downgaze using the prism bar cover test, and torsion was measured using a Synoptophore, the double Maddox rod test, and fundus photographs. Measurements were obtained preoperative Iy and postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. All case-patients underwent a standard temporal route posterior tenectomy of the superior oblique by a single surgeon.
Results: Mean age was 11.2 ± 4.2 years with 14 cases of A-pattern exotropia. Mean superior oblique overaction was 2.60 ± 0.50 in the right eye and 2.26 ± 0.45 in the left eye, which decreased postoperatively to 2.20 ± 0.56 and 1.80 ± 0.41, respectively. The index of surgical effect was 0.84 in the right eye and 0.79 in the left eye. Postoperatively, mean correction of the ?-pattern was 1 7.53 ± 5.82 PD (index of surgical effect, 0.7). Subjective measurement of torsion was more consistent with the Synoptophore compared with the double Maddox rod test. Objective measurement of torsion (fundus photography) was higher compared with subjective measurement. Postoperatively, there was insignificant change in the amount of torsion in upgaze and primary position.
Conclusion: Posterior tenectomy of the superior oblique results in significant and controlled weakening of the superior oblique and collapse of the ?-pattern with a clinically insignificant change in the amount of torsion.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2005;42:284-289.
Long-Term Results of Hemihang-Back Lateral Rectus Recession
Authors: Rodrigues Alexandre C , Nelson Leonard B 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To report our long-term results with the hemihang-back technique for lateral rectus muscle recession in moderate- and large-angle exotropia.
Patients and Methods: The medical records of 144 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral hemihang-back lateral rectus recession between 1999 and 2002 were reviewed. The amount of surgery performed was based on the distance exotropic deviation. Surgical outcomes were analyzed for all patients included in the study.
Results: A total of 66 patients met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen patients had undercorrection, but 6 of these patients redeveloped an exodeviation 6 months after the surgery. No overcorrections were observed in this study.
Conclusion: The hemihang-back technique is a safe and effective alternative to conventional lateral rectus recession in patients with moderate- or large-angle exotropia.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2005;42:296-299.
Epiblepharon With Inverted Eyelashes and High Body Mass Index in Japanese Children
Authors: Hayasaka Yoriko , Hayasaka Seiji 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the sexual predilection of epiblepharon in Japanese children and the relationship between this condition and body mass index.
Subjects and Methods: Japanese children who were 6 to 14 years old were cross-sectional Iy surveyed on routine health screening.
Results: Of 2,941 children examined, 127 had epiblepharon. The incidence decreased with age. No sexual predilection was found. Lower eyelids were commonly involved bilaterally. Mild complaints included discomfort or foreign body sensation. The body mass index in children 6 to 1 1 years old with epiblepharon was higher than that in children without epiblepharon.
Conclusions: No sexual predilection was found for epiblepharon. A high body mass index was noted in children with epiblepharon who were 6 to 11 years old.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2005;42:300303.
Cinq masques de l’Iyoba Idia du royaume de Bénin : vies sociales et trajectoires d’un objet multiple
Authors: Bodenstein Felicity 
Published: February 2020

Les cinq masques en ivoire de la reine-mère Idia (xvie siècle) qui sont aujourd’hui à Londres, New York, Seattle, Stuttgart et dans une collection privée anglaise sont sans doute les objets les plus iconiques de l’art du continent africain tel qu’il peut être illustré dans les ouvrages de référence. Or, les péripéties de ces objets pillés au royaume de Bénin puis vendus par les forces navales britanniques en 1897 permettent d’observer deux mouvements en quelque sorte contraires dans la gestion de ce multiple : d’une part, celui de la dispersion globale à travers le marché d’un groupe fait au départ pour agir ensemble localement et, d’autre part, la redécouverte de leur statut d’ensemble ou de multiple, et de ce qu’Alfred Gell a appelé l’objet-personne disséminé à travers leur (re)identification avec Iyoba Idia à partir des années 1950. Nous verrons qu’à partir de ce moment-là, ces deux mouvements s’entremêlent et entrent de façon croissante en tension.
La carte postale, multiple documentaire du chef-d’œuvre
Authors: Tillier Bertrand 
Published: February 2020

De la fin du xixe siècle aux années 1970, à « l’ère de la reproductibilité technique » des œuvres d’art, en Europe comme aux États-Unis, la carte postale de reproduction a constitué une imagerie de masse et une industrie culturelle, en contribuant à produire des « multiples » d’œuvres originales. Certes, la carte postale s’apparente en bien des points à la photographie dont elle procède. Mais ses vocations et ses usages sont autres, puisqu’il s’agit d’« un imprimé sur un support semi-rigide destiné à un usage postal, pour une correspondance à découvert », selon la définition canonique d’Albert Thinot. En effet, si la carte postale offre une reproduction photographique d’un tableau, d’une sculpture, d’une gravure ou d’un objet décoratif, elle en propose aussi une éditorialisation directe et une ample diffusion, grâce à ses tirages incommensurables qui dépassent toutes les autres formes de multiples. Par l’adjonction de légendes ou de commentaires, dans les marges ou à fond perdu, qui agissent comme les « seuils » définis par Gérard Genette, par la sérialité qui en conditionne l’édition, et par la patrimonialisation qu’elle opère, la carte postale d’œuvre d’art est un multiple documentaire, qui place toujours l’objet de sa reproduction en situation, en le montrant sur les cimaises des musées et des Salons ou sur les murs des ateliers d’artistes, mais en le mettant également en abyme par la spécificité de son support destiné à être délibérément choisi, acquis, adressé, expédié, écrit, conservé, collectionné.
Particulate trace metal dynamics in response to increased CO2 and iron availability in a coastal mesocosm experiment
Authors: Lorenzo M. Rosario , Segovia María , Cullen Jay T. , Maldonado María T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide are causing
ocean acidification and will influence marine processes and trace metal
biogeochemistry. In June 2012, in the Raunefjord (Bergen, Norway), we performed a
mesocosm experiment, comprised of a fully factorial design of ambient and
elevated pCO2 and/or an addition of the siderophore desferrioxamine B
(DFB). In addition, the macronutrient concentrations were manipulated to
enhance a bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. We report the changes in
particulate trace metal concentrations during this experiment. Our results
show that particulate Ti and Fe were dominated by lithogenic material, while
particulate Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Mo and Cd had a strong biogenic component.
Furthermore, significant correlations were found between particulate
concentrations of Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, Mn, Mo and P in seawater and
phytoplankton biomass (µgC L−1), supporting a significant
influence of the bloom in the distribution of these particulate elements.
The concentrations of these biogenic metals in the E. huxleyi bloom were ranked as follows: Zn < Cu ≈ Mn < Mo < Co < Cd. Changes in CO2 affected total particulate concentrations and
biogenic metal ratios (Me : P) for some metals, while the addition of DFB only
significantly affected the concentrations of some particulate metals (mol L−1). Variations in CO2 had the most clear and significant effect
on particulate Fe concentrations, decreasing its concentration under high
CO2. Indeed, high CO2 and/or DFB promoted the dissolution of
particulate Fe, and the presence of this siderophore helped in maintaining high
dissolved Fe. This shift between particulate and dissolved Fe
concentrations in the presence of DFB, promoted a massive bloom of E. huxleyi in the
treatments with ambient CO2. Furthermore, high CO2 decreased the
Me : P ratios of Co, Zn and Mn while increasing the Cu : P ratios. These
findings support theoretical predictions that the molar ratios of metal to phosphorous (Me : P ratios) of metals
whose seawater dissolved speciation is dominated by free ions (e.g., Co, Zn
and Mn) will likely decrease or stay constant under ocean acidification. In
contrast, high CO2 is predicted to shift the speciation of dissolved
metals associated with carbonates such as Cu, increasing their
bioavailability and resulting in higher Me : P ratios.
The AquiFR hydrometeorological modelling platform as a tool for improving groundwater resource monitoring over France: evaluation over a 60-year period
Authors: Vergnes Jean-Pierre , Roux Nicolas , Habets Florence , Ackerer Philippe , Amraoui Nadia , Besson François , Caballero Yvan , Courtois Quentin , de Dreuzy Jean-Raynald , Etchevers Pierre , Gallois Nicolas , Leroux Delphine J. , Longuevergne Laurent , Le Moigne Patrick , Morel Thierry , Munier Simon , Regimbeau Fabienne , Thiéry Dominique , Viennot Pascal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The new AquiFR hydrometeorological modelling platform was developed to provide short-to-long-term forecasts for groundwater resource management in France. This study aims to describe and assess this new tool over a long period of 60 years. This platform gathers in a single numerical tool several hydrogeological models covering much of the French metropolitan area. A total of 11 aquifer systems are simulated through spatially distributed
models using either the MARTHE (Modélisation d'Aquifères avec un maillage Rectangulaire, Transport et HydrodynamiquE; Modelling Aquifers with Rectangular cells, Transport and Hydrodynamics) groundwater modelling software programme or the
EauDyssée hydrogeological platform. A total of 23 karstic systems are
simulated by a lumped reservoir approach using the EROS (Ensemble de Rivières Organisés en Sous-bassins; set of rivers organized in sub-basins) software programme. AquiFR
computes the groundwater level, the groundwater–surface-water exchanges and the river flows. A simulation covering a 60-year period from 1958 to 2018 is achieved in order to evaluate the performance of this platform. The 8 km resolution SAFRAN (Système d'Analyse Fournissant des Renseignements Adaptés à la Nivologie) meteorological analysis provides the atmospheric variables needed by the SURFEX (SURFace EXternalisée) land surface model in order to compute surface runoff and groundwater recharge used by the hydrogeological models. The assessment is based on more than 600 piezometers and more than 300 gauging stations corresponding to simulated rivers and outlets of karstic systems. For the simulated piezometric heads, 42 % and 60 % of the absolute biases are lower than 2 and 4 m respectively. The standardized piezometric level index (SPLI) was computed to assess the ability of AquiFR to identify extreme events such as groundwater floods or droughts in the long-term simulation over a set of piezometers used for groundwater resource management. A total of 56 % of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE; Ef) coefficient calculations between the observed and simulated SPLI time series are greater than 0.5. The quality of the results makes it possible to consider using the platform for real-time monitoring and seasonal forecasts of groundwater resources as well as for climate change impact assessments.
Romantic Remixers: Hidden Tropes of Romantic Authorship in Creators’ Attitudes about Reuse
Authors: Pappalardo Kylie , Aufderheide Patricia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article draws from data generated in existing studies in Australia and the U.S. to examine how creators describe themselves and their creative acts when they are recombining or trying to combine copyrighted work with their own work. It finds a surprising congruence of self-perception across very different copyright regimes and creative practices. An undercurrent of Romantic notions about the originality of creative genius runs through even cutting-edge digital practices. This attitude then bolsters strategies used by large media interests to expand copyright monopoly rights and extend them internationally. Results have implications both for policy and advocacy, in particular, how creators respond to campaigns for expanded copyright exceptions, and a reluctance by even remix creators to challenge the legal structures that restrict their creative practice.
Methodological Aspects of Project Techniques Selection for Innovation Project Management
Authors: Yakovleva Anna 
Published: February 2020

Project Management offers a variety of methodologies which provides managers with different techniques and tools to use during project planning and implementation. At the same time there is a substantial lack of systematized approaches to the management of innovation projects. In this article key factors in the selection of appropriate techniques in innovation project management will first be identified. Theoretical analysis of different project management standards and possibility of their use will then be discussed. In addition how the techniques can be applied will be investigated through academic paper analysis. . This research makes a theoretical contribution to the field of project management by selecting and determining which project management techniques can be adapted and applied to innovation projects. Recommendations for practical application are based on theoretical findings of the research. These include two main factors, which are: influencing the choice of project management techniques and the structure of project selection process. The significance of the results obtained is confirmed by creation of theoretical knowledge, which permits to thoroughly understand and capture issues which may emerge during innovation project planning and implementation, through the use of established project management methodology. Keywords: Project management, Innovation, Project management standard, innovation project, PMBoK, PRINCE2, ICB.
Creative Design: An Integral Aspect of Innovation in Industrial Design and Technology
Authors: Egiri Yohanna Ogbu 
Published: February 2020

Design and Innovation is a twin words which are most discussed when it comes to creativity in highly competitive markets. Nevertheless, the specific contribution of design and designers in the context of product innovation is insufficiently understood and explored. Mostly, innovation is meant to be the achievement of science and technology, while design as the last element in this chain has the task to introduce the scientific and technological innovation into the life-world of the user. The list of needs include hidden needs, needs that customers may not be aware of or problems they simply accept without question, as well as explicit needs, or needs that will most likely be reported by potential purchasers. Researchers develop the necessary information on which to base the performance, size, weight, service life, and other specifications of the product. Customer needs and product specifications are organized into a hierarchical list with a comparative rating value given to each need and specification. Keywords: Design, Innovation, Technology, Creative design, Product innovation, Customer.
Homeoprotein OTX1 and OTX2 involvement in rat myenteric neuron adaptation after DNBS-induced colitis
Authors: Bistoletti Michela , Micheloni Giovanni , Baranzini Nicolò , Bosi Annalisa , Conti Andrea , Filpa Viviana , Pirrone Cristina , Millefanti Giorgia , Moro Elisabetta , Grimaldi Annalisa , Valli Roberto , Baj Andreina , Crema Francesca , Giaroni Cristina , Porta Giovanni 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundInflammatory bowel diseases are associated with remodeling of neuronal circuitries within the enteric nervous system, occurring also at sites distant from the acute site of inflammation and underlying disturbed intestinal functions. Homeoproteins orthodenticle OTX1 and OTX2 are neuronal transcription factors participating to adaptation during inflammation and underlying tumor growth both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. In this study, we evaluated OTX1 and OTX2 expression in the rat small intestine and distal colon myenteric plexus after intrarectal dinitro-benzene sulfonic (DNBS) acid-induced colitis.MethodsOTX1 and OTX2 distribution was immunohistochemically investigated in longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP)-whole mount preparations. mRNAs and protein levels of both OTX1 and OTX2 were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting in LMMPs.ResultsDNBS-treatment induced major gross morphology and histological alterations in the distal colon, while the number of myenteric neurons was significantly reduced both in the small intestine and colon. mRNA levels of the inflammatory markers, TNFα, pro-IL1β, IL6, HIF1α and VEGFα and myeloperoxidase activity raised in both regions. In both small intestine and colon, an anti-OTX1 antibody labeled a small percentage of myenteric neurons, and prevalently enteric glial cells, as evidenced by co-staining with the glial marker S100β. OTX2 immunoreactivity was present only in myenteric neurons and was highly co-localized with neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Both in the small intestine and distal colon, the number of OTX1- and OTX2-immunoreactive myenteric neurons significantly increased after DNBS treatment. In these conditions, OTX1 immunostaining was highly superimposable with inducible nitric oxide synthase in both regions. OTX1 and OTX2 mRNA and protein levels significantly enhanced in LMMP preparations of both regions after DNBS treatment.ConclusionsThese data suggest that colitis up-regulates OTX1 and OTX2 in myenteric plexus both on site and distantly from the injury, potentially participating to inflammatory-related myenteric ganglia remodeling processes involving nitrergic transmission.
Lipid Emulsions
Authors: McClements David J. , Weiss Jochen , Corradini Maria G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn many foods, lipids are often present in a particulate form, i.e. they exist as emulsions where either small fat droplets are dispersed in an aqueous phase or small water droplets are dispersed in an oil phase. Physicochemical characteristics, functionality, and sensory properties of lipid emulsions are largely dominated by the size, concentration, physical state, and interactions of the lipid droplets that they contain. This article introduces the basic concepts and techniques of emulsion science and illustrates how these principles can be used to better understand and control appearance, flavor, stability, functionality, and rheology of food emulsions.
Olive Oil
Authors: Kiritsakis Apostolos , Turkan Keceli M. , Kiritsakis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Olive oil is a natural juice obtained by mechanical or physical means from the fruit of the tree
Olea europaea
L. Many historians believe that the olive cultivation began during the Palaeolithic and Neolithic periods (5000–3500
bce
). Most of the world's olive trees grow in the Mediterranean Basin. Olive oil has always been an important component in the diet of Mediterranean people, but in the past years this oil has become more popular among consumers in Northern Europe, the United States, Canada, and Australia. Olive oil quality depends mainly on the cultivar, microclimate, soil conditions, fruit health, and processing conditions. Several studies have confirmed that extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) helps to reduce oxidative stress, high blood pressure, obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance, diseases that are closely related to diabetes and coronary heart disease. This chapter focuses on the origin and history of olive tree, statistics of world production, and consumption of olive oil. It also deals with olive fruit processing, olive oil classification and categories, quality and purity criteria, olive oil components, olive oil analysis, deterioration, and adulteration. Phenolics and other minor functional compounds of olive oil are discussed in detail.
Detergents and Detergency
Authors: Lynn Jesse L. , Nguyen Thu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDetergency refers to the removal of unwanted foreign matters from a surface in a liquid bath containing a detergent formulation. A detergent formulation is composed of active ingredients like surfactants and inactive ingredients such as builders, alkalis, antiredeposition agents, enzymes, and hydrotropes. The main active ingredient of the detergent formulation is surfactants that can alter the interfacial effects at the various phase boundaries within the detergent system. Detergent formulations can contain from one to three surfactants. Thus, a typical detergent system consists of a solid object to be cleaned, called the substrate, soil, or dirt to be removed from the substrate surface and a washing liquid bath to be applied to the soiled substrate. Each of these elements in the detergent system can vary widely in properties and composition.This article describes the role of each element in a detergent system. In addition, cleaning mechanisms and the measurement of detergency power in different types of detergent systems are discussed. These systems include fabric detergency and hard surface cleaning. Although it is impossible to list all the practical detersive systems that might be encountered, a large proportion falls in a small number of classes. This classification disregards surfactant structure and type of substrate (fibrous or hard surface) and is restricted to a consideration of the soil present on the substrate, mechanical action employed, bath ratio, and detergent used. Some of the commonly encountered detersive systems are classified on this basis here.
Nuclear export of replication protein A in the nonreplicative infective forms of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Pavani Raphael S. , de Lima Loyze P. , Lima André A. , Fernandes Carlos A. H. , Fragoso Stenio P. , Calderano Simone G. , Elias Maria Carolina 
Published: February 2020

Replication protein A (RPA), a heterotrimeric complex, is the major single‐stranded DNA binding protein in eukaryotes. Recently, we characterized RPA from Trypanosoma cruzi, showing that it is involved in DNA replication and DNA damage response in this organism. Better efficiency in differentiation from epimastigote to metacyclic trypomastigote forms was observed in TcRPA‐2 subunit heterozygous knockout cells, suggesting that RPA is involved in this process. Here, we show that RPA cellular localization changes during the T. cruzi life cycle, with RPA being detected only in the cytoplasm of the metacyclic and bloodstream trypomastigotes. We also identify a nuclear export signal (NES) in the trypanosomatid RPA‐2 subunit. Mutations in the negatively charged residues of RPA‐2 NES impair the differentiation process, suggesting that RPA exportation affects parasite differentiation into infective forms.