bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating Gelation Time and Kinetics Analysis Based on the ARGET ATRP Mechanism
Authors: Shao Minglu , Yue Xiangan , Yue Tianqi , He Jie 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTA novel activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiation system composing of an initiator sodium chloroacetate, a catalyst ferric chloride, and a reducing agent ascorbic acid was developed to improve the gelation time of thein situcrosslinked polymer system. The kinetics of polymerization of acrylamide showed features of a living/controlled process in which the concentrations of the growing radicals [P·] are kept constant throughout the polymerization process. Compared with conventional potassium persulfate initiators, the gelation time of thein situcrosslinked polymer system can be improved to 40 h or even longer using the ARGET ATRP initiation system at 80 °C due to the low radical concentration and slow polymerization reaction. Core flooding test showed that the ARGET ATRP initiating system developed could initiate the polymerization reaction of thein situcrosslinked polymer system in the core. However, the gelation time was extended in comparison to that of the result obtained in the bottle, resulting from the dilution and adsorption of ARGET ATRP components during the injection process. The research expands the application field of the ARGET ATRP principle and has a promising prospect on controlling the gelation time of thein situcrosslinked polymer system. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci.2020,58, 519–527
Ciliary beat frequency in children with adenoid hypertrophy
Authors: Marusiakova Lucia , Durdik Peter , Jesenak Milos , Bugova Gabriela , Kvassayova Julia , Oppova Dasa , Banovcin Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with adenoid hypertrophy (AH) have impaired respiratory system defense mechanisms, such as mucociliary clearance. We hypothesized that AH negatively affects one of the most important aspects of mucociliary clearance—ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and that adenoidectomy could potentially restore this essential defence mechanism of the airways. This study evaluated the influence of AH and endoscopic adenoidectomy on the CBF of the nasal respiratory epithelium in children.MethodsThis prospective study included 64 children with confirmed AH aged 3 to 18 years and 43 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Nasal CBF was analyzed using a digital high‐speed video microscope and the software application Ciliary Analysis (NI LabVIEW). The preoperative adenoid size was assessed according to Cassano. Clinical symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis were evaluated using the SNOT‐20 questionnaire.ResultsChildren with AH had a median CBF of 5.35 ± 1.06 Hz. Six months after surgery, the median CBF was significantly higher (6.48 ± 0.88 Hz; P < .001) and reached the values of healthy children (6.37 ± 0.71 Hz; P = .512). The size of the adenoid tissue did not correlate with the CBF. No influence of age or gender on the CBF was found. After adenoidectomy, a significant reduction of the mean total SNOT‐20 score was recorded (P < .01).ConclusionChildren with clinically symptomatic AH have impaired mucociliary clearance due to decreased nasal CBF. Removal of hypertrophic adenoid tissue normalizes the CBF and reduces the presence of clinical symptoms of rhinosinusitis.
A resampling‐based test for two crossing survival curves
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Ditzhaus Marc , Xu Jin 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe area between two survival curves is an intuitive test statistic for the classical two‐sample testing problem. We propose a bootstrap version of it for assessing the overall homogeneity of these curves. Our approach allows ties in the data as well as independent right censoring, which may differ between the groups. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic as well as of its bootstrap counterpart are derived under the null hypothesis, and their consistency is proven for general alternatives. We demonstrate the finite sample superiority of the proposed test over some existing methods in a simulation study and illustrate its application by a real‐data example.
A functional flows approach to selecting ecologically relevant flow metrics for environmental flow applications
Authors: Yarnell Sarah M. , Stein Eric D. , Webb J. Angus , Grantham Theodore , Lusardi Rob A. , Zimmerman Julie , Peek Ryan A. , Lane Belize A. , Howard Jeanette , Sandoval‐Solis Samuel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe science and practice of environmental flows have advanced significantly over the last several decades. Most environmental flow approaches require quantifying the relationships between hydrologic change and biologic response, but this can be challenging to determine and implement due to high data requirements, limited transferability, and the abundance of hydrologic metrics available for evaluation. We suggest that a functional flows approach, focusing on elements of the natural flow regime known to sustain important ecosystem processes, offers a pathway for linking understanding of ecosystem processes with discrete, quantifiable measures of the flow regime for a broad range of native taxa and assemblages. Functional flow components can be identified as distinct aspects of the annual hydrograph that support key biophysical processes, such as wet season flood flows or spring recession flows, and then quantified by flow metrics, such as 5% exceedance flow or daily percent decrease in flow, respectively. By selecting a discrete set of flow metrics that measure key functional flow components, the spatial and temporal complexity of flow regimes can be managed in a holistic manner supportive of multiple ecological processes and native aquatic species requirements. We provide an overview of the functional flows approach to selecting a defined set of flow metrics and illustrate its application in two seasonally variable stream systems. We further discuss how a functional flows approach can be utilized as a conceptual model both within and outside of existing environmental flow frameworks to guide consideration of ecological processes when designing prescribed flow regimes.
Dynamic link analysis and its in‐orbit verification on a spin‐stabilized satellite mission Eu:CROPIS
Authors: Drobczyk Martin , Budroweit Jan 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we present the in‐orbit verification of a dynamic link budget approach for the communication link of the Eu:CROPIS (Euglena and Combined Regenerative Organic‐Food Production in Space) satellite. Because of the high satellite spin rates of up to 30 rpm, the satellite antennas radio frequency beam becomes strongly dynamic, consisting of fast amplitude variations and phase rotations. Both effects degrade the link quality and might lead to an abort of the communication. The paper presents an accurate method of how to simulate these dynamic effects and examines the simulation outputs with real in‐orbit measurements. Both results are compared with each other, and deviations are discussed.
Precontrolled Alignment of Graphite Nanoplatelets in Polymeric Composites Prevents Bacterial Attachment
Authors: Pandit Santosh , Gaska Karolina , Mokkapati Venkata R. S. S. , Celauro Emanuele , Derouiche Abderahmane , Forsberg Sven , Svensson Magnus , Kádár Roland , Mijakovic Ivan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGraphene coatings composed of vertical spikes are shown to mitigate bacterial attachment. Such coatings present hydrophobic edges of graphene, which penetrate the lipid bilayers causing physical disruption of bacterial cells. However, manufacturing of such surfaces on a scale required for antibacterial applications is currently not feasible. This study explores whether graphite can be used as a cheaper alternative to graphene coatings. To examine this, composites of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) are extruded in controlled conditions to obtain controlled orientation of GNP flakes within the polymer matrix. Flakes are exposed by etching the surface of GNP–LDPE nanocomposites and antibacterial activity is evaluated. GNP nanoflakes on the extruded samples interact with bacterial cell membranes, physically damaging the cells. Bactericidal activity is observed dependent on orientation and nanoflakes density. Composites with high density of GNP (≥15%) present two key advantages: i) they decrease bacterial viability by a factor of 99.9999%, which is 10 000‐fold improvement on the current benchmark, and ii) prevent bacterial colonization, thus drastically reducing the numbers of dead cells on the surface. The latter is a key advantage for longer‐term biomedical applications, since these surfaces will not have to be cleaned or replaced for longer periods.
Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates the osimertinib resistance by reducing the stemness of non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Tan Qinquan , Lin Shunhuan , Zeng Yihong , Yao Mantian , Liu Kejun , Yuan Haiji , Liu Chun , Jiang Guanming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we found that Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuated the stemness of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, evident by decreasing spheroid formation ability, ALDH1 activity and stemness marker expression. Furthermore, osimertinib‐resistant NSCLC cells displayed a stronger stemness than the parental cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the stemness and osimertinib resistance of osimertinib‐resistant cells. RNA‐sequencing revealed that Hippo signaling was shown on the top of the most upregulated pathways regulated by Ginsenoside Rg3 in NSCLC cells, and YAP/TAZ expression was suppressed by Ginsenoside Rg3. Notably, the inhibitor of Hippo signaling attenuated the effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 on the stemness of NSCLC cells. Therefore, Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates the osimertinib resistance of NSCLC cells via suppressing the stemness, which is dependent on Hippo pathway.
adcc: A versatile toolkit for rapid development of algebraic‐diagrammatic construction methods
Authors: Herbst Michael F. , Scheurer Maximilian , Fransson Thomas , Rehn Dirk R. , Dreuw Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractADC‐connect (adcc) is a hybrid python/C++ module for performing excited state calculations based on the algebraic‐diagrammatic construction scheme for the polarization propagator (ADC). Key design goal is to restrict adcc to this single purpose and facilitate connection to external packages, for example, for obtaining the Hartree–Fock references, plotting spectra, or modeling solvents. Interfaces to four self‐consistent field codes have already been implemented, namely pyscf, psi4, molsturm, and veloxchem. The computational workflow, including the numerical solvers, is implemented in python, whereas the working equations and other expensive expressions are done in C++. This equips adcc with adequate speed, making it a flexible toolkit for both rapid development of ADC‐based computational spectroscopy methods as well as unusual computational workflows. This is demonstrated by three examples. Presently, ADC methods up to third order in perturbation theory are available in adcc, including the respective core‐valence separation and spin‐flip variants. Both restricted or unrestricted Hartree–Fock references can be employed.This article is categorized under:
Software > Simulation Methods
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Fundamental Concepts of Persistent Memory Programming
Authors: Scargall Steve 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn Chapter 3, you saw how operating systems expose persistent memory to applications as memory-mapped files. This chapter builds on this fundamental model and examines the programming challenges that arise. Understanding these challenges is an essential part of persistent memory programming, especially when designing a strategy for recovery after application interruption due to issues like crashes and power failures. However, do not let these challenges deter you from persistent memory programming! Chapter 5 describes how to leverage existing solutions to save you programming time and reduce complexity.
AdS7 black-hole entropy and 5D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 Yang-Mills
Authors: Kántor G. , Papageorgakis C. , Richmond P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We generalise the work of 1810.11442 for the case of AdS7/CFT5. Starting from the 2-equivalent charge, 3-equivalent rotation non-extremal black-hole solution in 7D gauged supergravity, we consider the supersymmetric and then the extremal limit and evaluate the associated thermodynamic quantities. Away from extremality, the black-hole solution becomes complex. The entropy is then given by the Legendre transform of the on-shell action with respect to two complex chemical potentials subject to a constraint. At the conformal boundary we derive the dual background and evaluate the corresponding partition function for the AN–1 6D (2,0) theory at large N in a Cardy-like limit. This is carried out via a 5D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 super Yang-Mills calculation on S5. The gravitational on-shell action is found to be exactly reproduced by the boundary partition function at large N. We argue that this agreement puts strong constraints on the form of possible higher-derivative corrections to the 5D gauge theory that is used in the S5 evaluation.
String field theory solution for any open string background. Part II
Authors: Erler Theodore , Maccaferri Carlo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Generalizing previous work, we give a new analytic solution in Witten’s open bosonic string field theory which can describe any open string background. The central idea is to use Riemann surface degenerations as a mechanism for taming OPE singularities. This requires leaving the familiar subalgebra of wedge states with insertions, but the payoff is that the solution makes no assumptions about the reference and target D-brane systems, and is therefore truly general. For example, unlike in previous work, the solution can describe time dependent backgrounds and multiple copies of the reference D-brane within the universal sector. The construction also resolves some subtle issues resulting from associativity anomalies, giving a more complete understanding of the relation between the degrees of freedom of different D-brane systems, and a nonperturbative proof of background independence in classical open bosonic string field theory.
Infrared singularities of scattering amplitudes and N3LL resummation for n-jet processes
Authors: Becher Thomas , Neubert Matthias 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We revisit the multi-loop structure of the anomalous-dimension matrix governing the infrared divergences of massless n-particle scattering amplitudes in non-abelian gauge theories. In particular, we derive its most general form at four-loop order, significantly simplifying corresponding expressions given previously. By carefully reevaluating the constraints imposed by two-particle collinear limits, we find that at four-loop order color structures involving $$ {d}_R^{abcd} $$

d
R
abcd

, the symmetrized trace of four group generators, appear along with cusp logarithms ln[μ2/(−sij)]. As a consequence, naive Casimir scaling of the cusp anomalous dimensions associated with the quark and gluon form factors is violated, while a generalized form of Casimir scaling still holds. Our results provide an important ingredient for resummations of large logarithms in n-jet cross sections with next-to-next-to-next-to leading logarithmic (N3LL) accuracy.
One-form superfluids & magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Armas Jay , Jain Akash 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We use the framework of generalised global symmetries to study various hydrodynamic regimes of hot electromagnetism. We formulate the hydrodynamic theories with an unbroken or a spontaneously broken U(1) one-form symmetry. The latter of these describes a one-form superfluid, which is characterised by a vector Goldstone mode and a two-form superfluid velocity. Two special limits of this theory have been studied in detail: the string fluid limit where the U(1) one-form symmetry is partly restored, and the electric limit in which the symmetry is completely broken. The transport properties of these theories are investigated in depth by studying the constraints arising from the second law of thermodynamics and Onsager’s relations at first order in derivatives. We also construct a hydrostatic effective action for the Goldstone modes in these theories and use it to characterise the space of all equilibrium configurations. To make explicit contact with hot electromagnetism, the traditional treatment of magnetohydrodynamics, where the electromagnetic photon is incorporated as dynamical degrees of freedom, is extended to include parity-violating contributions. We argue that the chemical potential and electric fields are not independently dynamical in magnetohydrodynamics, and illustrate how to eliminate these within the hydrodynamic derivative expansion using Maxwell’s equations. Additionally, a new hydrodynamic theory of non-conducting, but polarised, plasmas is formulated, focusing primarily on the magnetically dominated sector. Finally, it is shown that the different limits of one-form superfluids formulated in terms of generalised global symmetries are exactly equivalent to magnetohydrodynamics and the hydrodynamics of non-conducting plasmas at the non-linear level.
Mixed QCD⊗QED corrections to on-shell Z boson production at the LHC
Authors: Delto Maximilian , Jaquier Matthieu , Melnikov Kirill , Röntsch Raoul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We compute the mixed QCD⊗QED corrections to the production of on-shell Z bosons at the LHC at a fully-exclusive level. We also include the factorised NLO QCD correction to Z boson production and NLO QED correction to Z boson decay into two leptons. We make use of an abelianised version of the nested soft-collinear subtraction formalism to perform this computation. We study the phenomenological impact of the mixed QCD⊗QED corrections for a number of observables relevant for LHC phenomenology.
Catch that word: interactivity, serendipity and verbal fluency in a word production task
Authors: Ross Wendy , Vallée-Tourangeau Frédéric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProblem solving outside of the cognitive psychologist’s lab unfolds in an environment rich with bodily gesture and material artefacts. We examine this meshwork of internal mental resources, embodied actions and environmental affordances through the lens of a word production task with letter tiles. Forty participants took part in the study which contrasted performance in a high interactivity condition (where participants were able to move letter tiles at will), a low interactivity condition (where movements were restrained) and a shuffle condition (where participants could not move the tiles but were allowed to randomly rearrange the array). Participants were also video recorded to facilitate coding of behaviour. While aggregate performance measures revealed a marginal impact of interactivity on performance, when the participants’ behaviour was taken into account, interactivity had a consistent and statistically significant beneficial effect. Detailed, exploratory examination of a subsample of participants informed the formulation of additional hypotheses tested across the full sample: the luckiness of the shuffle in that condition significantly predicted the number of words produced and a more efficient strategy was significantly easier to enact in the high interactivity condition. Additionally, two detailed case studies revealed several moments when accidental changes to the letter tile array offered unplanned words reflecting a serendipitous coagency as well as many moments when environmental chance was ignored. These data and observations indicate that interactivity, serendipity, and internal cognitive resources determine problem-solving performance in this task.
Analysis of non-iterative phase retrieval based on machine learning
Authors: Nishizaki Yohei , Horisaki Ryoichi , Kitaguchi Katsuhisa , Saito Mamoru , Tanida Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze a machine-learning-based non-iterative phase retrieval method. Phase retrieval and its applications have been attractive research topics in optics and photonics, for example, in biomedical imaging, astronomical imaging, and so on. Most conventional phase retrieval methods have used iterative processes to recover phase information; however, the calculation speed and convergence with these methods are serious issues in real-time monitoring applications. Machine-learning-based methods are promising for addressing these issues. Here, we numerically compare conventional methods and a machine-learning-based method in which a convolutional neural network is employed. Simulations with several conditions show that the machine-learning-based method realizes fast and robust phase recovery compared with the conventional methods. We also numerically demonstrate machine-learning-based phase retrieval from noisy measurements with a noisy training data set for improving the noise robustness. The machine-learning-based approach used in this study may increase the impact of phase retrieval, which is useful in various fields, where phase retrieval has been used as a fundamental tool.
Apical but not sub-apical hyphal compartments are self-sustaining in growth
Authors: Tegelaar Martin , van der Lans George P. A. , Wösten Han A. B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt was recently demonstrated that apical compartments of Aspergillus niger hyphae are self-sustaining in growth. This was shown by assessing the growth rate of individual hyphae before and after dissection of the second compartment. Using the same methodology, it is here demonstrated that single apical compartments of the septate fungi Penicillium chrysogenum and Schizophyllum commune as well as the 500-µm-apical region of the non-septate fungus Rhizopus stolonifer are also self-sustaining in growth. In contrast, single 2nd compartments (obtained by dissection of the first and third compartment) of the septate fungi or the region between 500 and 1000 µm from tips of R. stolonifer were severely impacted in their growth rate. In addition, it is shown that existing or newly formed branches originating from the 2nd compartments function as a backup system for hyphal growth when the apical part of the hypha of the three studied fungi is damaged. Together, it is concluded that the apical compartments/zones of the studied fungi are self-sustaining in growth. In contrast, the subapical region is not self-sustaining but functions as a backup once the apical zone is damaged. This back up system is relevant in nature because the apices of hyphae are the first to be exposed to (a)biotic stress conditions when entering an unexplored substrate.