bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Interaction Analysis: a Powerful Tool for Examining Plurilingual Students’ Engagement in Science Practices
Authors: Wilmes Sara E. D. , Siry Christina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractScience teaching and learning are discursive practices, yet analysis of these practices has frequently been grounded in theorizations that place language at the forefront of interaction and meaning-making. Such language-centric analytic approaches risk overlooking key embodied, enacted aspects of students’ engagement in science practices. This manuscript presents a case of a plurilingual student’s participation in science inquiry to demonstrate how multimodal interaction analysis can be used to examine the highly diverse array of communicative resources that she draws upon while participating in science, including gestures, facial expressions, vocal intonations, and languages. Grounded in dialogic theorizations of language, we first detail the multimodal interaction approach, and second, we show how multimodal interaction analysis beginning first with her embodied engagement, then coupled with her subsequent written and spoken engagement, reveals robust views of her engagement in science practices. Key to this methodological approach is multilayered analysis that backgrounds verbal or spoken communication to allow for an identification of embodied interaction resources employed. We emphasize how this analytical method allows us to conceptualize science as a practice that unfolds through and in interaction, as compared to a static body of concepts to be learned.
What Drives Cross-Country Health Inequality in the EU? Unpacking the Role of Socio-economic Factors
Authors: Mazeikaite Gintare , O’Donoghue Cathal , Sologon Denisa M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite comparable living standards and a nearly universal healthcare provision, there are large cross-country differences in population health in the European Union. More than half of this variation remains unexplained after accounting for macro-level factors. This paper investigates how individual-level differences in demographic characteristics, education, labour market factors and income shape the prevalence of poor self-assessed health in the EU. A semi-parametric decomposition approach is used, which relies on constructing synthetic distributions of health that would prevail in each country if they had similar distributions of socio-economic factors as the country with the best self-assessed population health—Ireland. We find clustering of decomposition results within EU regions. When compared with Ireland, differences in the examined factors explain up to a third of excess poor health in the Southern and Central and Eastern European countries. On the other hand, we could not explain health differences between Ireland and the other Western European countries, which tend to have poorer self-assessed population health but more favourable distributions of socio-economic factors. Cultural differences in reporting styles may be responsible for this result.
Chronic kidney disease predicts poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Gok Mahmut , Cetinkaya Hakki , Kandemir Tugba , Karahan Erdem , Tuncer İzzet Burak , Bukrek Cengiz , Sahin Gulizar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The recent outbreak of COVID-19 rapidly spread worldwide. Comorbid diseases are determinants of the severity of COVID-19 infection and mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the potential association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the severity of COVID-19 infection.

Methods
The study included 609 consecutive adult patients (male: 54.52%, mean age: 59.23 ± 15.55 years) hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19 in a tertiary level hospital. Data were collected from the electronic health records of the hospital. The patients were separated into two groups: Group I included COVID-19-positive patients with CKD stage 1–2, and Group II included COVID-19-positive with CKD stage 3–5. The relationships were examined between CKD stage, laboratory parameters and mortality.

Results
Significant differences were determined between the groups in respect of the inflammation parameters and the parameters used in prognosis. In Group II, statistically significantly higher rates were determined of comorbid diseases [hypertension (p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (AKI), which was found to be associated with mortality (p < 0.001), and mortality (p < 0.001)]. In multivariate regression analysis, CKD stage 3–5, AKI, male gender, hypertension, DM and malignancy were found to be significant independent variables increasing mortality.

Conclusion
The prevelance of CKD stage 3–5 on admission is associated with a high risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. Close follow-up can be recommended for patients with a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
An evaluation of water quality at Sandhill Wetland: implications for reclaiming wetlands above soft tailings deposits in northern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Hartsock Jeremy A. , Piercey Jessica , House Melissa K. , Vitt Dale H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe experimental Sandhill Wetland is the first permanent reclamation of a composite tailings deposit, and annual water quality monitoring is of specific interest for evaluating and predicting long-term reclamation performance. Here, we present water chemistry monitoring data obtained from Sandhill Wetland (years 2009–2019) and compare results to twelve natural reference wetlands and to environmental quality guidelines for Alberta surface waters. By comparing water quality at Sandhill Wetland and natural sites to established guidelines, we can begin to document the natural background water quality of wetlands in the region and examine if guideline exceedances are seen in natural undisturbed environments, or appear only at active reclamation sites. At Sandhill Wetland the dominant ions in near-surface water were bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Since the first growing season concentrations for these ions have increased annually, causing concurrent increases in electrical conductivity. In year 2019, water chemistry at Sandhill Wetland was most comparable to regional saline fens, systems that exhibit elevated electrical conductivity and high sodicity. Near-surface water at Sandhill Wetland exceeded water quality guidelines for three substances/properties (dissolved chloride, iron, and total alkalinity) in the most recent year of monitoring. The saline fen natural sites also exceeded water quality guidelines for the same chemical substances/properties, suggesting guideline exceedances are a norm for some natural wetland site types in the region. Of note, in each year of monitoring at Sandhill Wetland, dissolved organic compounds evaluated in sub- and near-surface water were below detection limits.
Distribution of toxic metals and relative toxicity of airborne PM2.5 in Puerto Rico
Authors: Jirau-Colón Héctor , Toro-Heredia Jannette , Layuno Josué , Calderon Enrique Dionisio , Gioda Adriana , Jiménez-Vélez Braulio D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) and its constituents is an important factor to be considered when evaluating their potential health risk. Transition metals found in PM are known to contribute significantly to the exacerbation of respiratory ailments. Exposure to these constituents results in the induction of oxidative stress in the bronchial epithelium, thus promoting the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, it is important to know the contributions of PM2.5 constituents to further investigate their relationship with toxic responses and associated health risks. PM2.5 samples from three rural (Humacao, Guayama, and Guayanilla) and two urban (more populated) sites (Bayamón and Ponce) from Puerto Rico were analyzed for various inorganic constituents. A total of 59 trace elements were analyzed, of which eight were considered with the greatest toxic potential. The highest annual average concentration of PM2.5 was reported at the urban site of Ponce (5.82 ± 1.40 μg m−3), while Bayamón’s average concentration was not as high (4.69 ± 1.30 μg m−3) compared to concentrations at the rural sites Humacao, Guayama, and Guayanilla (4.33 ± 1.20 μg m−3, 4.93 ± 1.50 μg m−3, and 4.88 ± 1.20 μg m−3 respectively. The concentration at the Ponce site exhibited the highest summer value (7.57 μg m−3) compared to that of all the rural sites (~ 6.40 μg m−3). The lowest summer PM2.5 values were obtained at the Humacao site with an average of 5.76 μg m−3. Average Cu and Zn concentrations were 3- and 2-fold higher at the urban sites (0.68 ng m−3 and 6.74 ng m−3 respectively) compared to the rural sites (0.17 ng m−3 and 4.11 ng m−3). Relative toxicity of inorganic PM extract indicates Bayamón (urban) and Guayama with similar low LC50 followed by Humacao, Guayanilla, and finally Ponce (urban) with the highest LC50. Of the eight potential toxic metals considered, only Fe was found to be higher at the rural sites. To our understanding, there are different sources of emission for these metals which potentially indicate main anthropogenic sources, together with the trade winds adding periodically volcanic and African Dust Storm particulates that affect Puerto Rico. These results are the first of their kind to be reported in Puerto Rico.
Characterization and recycling of textile sludge for energy-efficient brick production in Ethiopia
Authors: Beshah Dawit Alemu , Tiruye Girum Ayalneh , Mekonnen Yedilfana Setarge 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, an enormous amount of sludge is generated every day from zero liquid discharge treatment plant due to rapid expansion of industrial parks in Ethiopia. About 30,000 tons of partially dried sludge discharged to the environmental without proper waste management from all industrial parks. Thus, posing serious environmental problems. One of the most plausible means to recycle the excess sludge resource is converting it into energy-efficient brick by combining with clay. Bricks were prepared by incorporating textile sludge at different proportions (10–40%) and temperature (600, 900 and 1200 °C). Clay and sludge samples were collected from the Addis Ababa brick factory PLC and Hawassa Industrial Park. Results revealed that 10 and 20% sludge bricks satisfied criteria of class “A” bricks as per Ethiopia standards, with the compressive strength of 30.43 and 29.10 Mpa, respectively, at 1200 °C. About 26 and 50% of energy were saved during firing of 10 and 20% sludge-containing bricks, respectively, compared with pristine clay bricks. Moreover, too low concentrations of selected heavy metals found in the brick leachate, showing the sludge, were effectively stabilized in the burnt clay bricks. Thus, based on the results, we suggest the rapid utilization of huge amount of partially dried sludge resources for low-cost and efficient large-scale brick production. This will mutually benefit both the industrial parks and brick production industries. In addition, this will create thousands of jobs to the local people. Above all, the solid waste will be managed properly at textile industrial parks.
Counterfeit formulations: analytical perspective on anorectics
Authors: Bonsu Dan Osei Mensah , Afoakwah Constance , Aguilar-Caballos Maria de la Paz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This paper examines the scope of anorectics in counterfeit weight-reducing formulations and provides insight into the present state of research in determining such adulterants. Analytical techniques utilised in profiling adulterants found in slimming products, including limitations and mitigation steps of these conventional methods are also discussed. The current legal status of the anorectics and analogues routinely encountered in non-prescription slimming formulations is also explored.

Methods
All reviewed literature was extracted from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using relevant search terms, such as, ‘counterfeit drugs’, ‘weight loss drugs’, ‘weight-reducing drugs’, ‘slimming drugs’, ‘anorectic agents’, and ‘counterfeit anorexics’. Legislation related to anorectics was obtained from the portals of various government and international agencies.

Results
Anorectics frequently profiled in counterfeit slimming formulations are mostly amphetamine derivatives or its analogues. Five routinely reported pharmacological classes of adulterants, namely anxiolytics, diuretics, antidepressants, laxatives, and stimulants, are mainly utilised as coadjuvants in fake weigh-reducing formulations to increase bioavailability or to minimise anticipated side effects. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detectors are predominantly used techniques for anorectic analysis due to the possibility of obtaining detailed information of adulterants. However, interference from the complex sample matrices of these fake products limits the accuracy of these methods and requires robust sample preparation methods for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. The most common anorectics found in counterfeit slimming medicines are either completely banned or available by prescription only, in many countries.

Conclusions
Slimming formulations doped with anorectic cocktails to boost their weight-reducing efficacy are not uncommon. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry remains the gold standard for counterfeit drug analysis, and requires improved preconcentration methods for rapid and quantitative identification of specific chemical constituents. Extensive method development and validation, targeted at refining existing techniques while developing new ones, is expected to improve the analytical profiling of counterfeit anorectics significantly.
One-step microwave-assisted solvothermal nano-manufacturing of Ni2P nanosphere as high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Wenxian , Kou Zimin , Li Jinzhe , Wang Tao , Guo Jibao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNi2P nanospheres were prepared by an ultrafast (120 s), easy, and energy-efficient one-step microwave method. By controlling the reaction conditions and feed ratio, Ni2P nanospheres with novel nanostructures and ultra-high electrochemical properties were prepared. These nanospheres demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 404.2 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and high cycling durability. They maintain 81% of their initial capacity after 2000 cycles at 6 A g−1. The optimum device based on Ni2P//AC showed an outstanding energy density of 27.2 Wh kg−1 and power density of 375 W kg−1. A method that is much faster and much more energy-efficient than other approaches was developed to produce transition metal phosphates without atmosphere protection.
Graphical abstract
The β-Cell Genomic Landscape in T1D: Implications for Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Ramos-Rodríguez Mireia , Pérez-González Beatriz , Pasquali Lorenzo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops as a consequence of a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Combined, these events trigger an autoimmune disease that results in progressive loss of pancreatic β cells, leading to insulin deficiency. This article reviews the current knowledge on the genetics of T1D with a specific focus on genetic variation in pancreatic islet regulatory networks and its implication to T1D risk and disease development.

Recent Findings
Accumulating evidence suggest an active role of β cells in T1D pathogenesis. Based on such observation several studies aimed in mapping T1D risk variants acting at the β cell level. Such studies unravel T1D risk loci shared with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and T1D risk variants potentially interfering with β-cell responses to external stimuli.

Summary
The characterization of regulatory genomics maps of disease-relevant states and cell types can be used to elucidate the mechanistic role of β cells in the pathogenesis of T1D.
The diverging patterns of life satisfaction between families: A latent profile analysis in dual-earner parents with adolescents
Authors: Schnettler Berta , Grunert Klaus G. , Orellana Ligia , Miranda Horacio , Lobos Germán , Miranda-Zapata Edgardo , Lapo María , Hueche Clementina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study identifies family profiles based on the level of life satisfaction (LS) in mothers, fathers and adolescents, and variables related to their family, food, and work life. The sample was composed of 303 families of dual-earner parents (mothers’ mean age = 40.9 years, SD = 7.4, fathers’ mean age = 43.2 years, SD = 7.2) and one of their children aged between 10 and 17 years (mean age 13.3, SD = 2.4, 51.5% female). A Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify five family profiles. Profiles differed in LS, satisfaction with family life (SWFaL), satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL), family functioning, both parents’ work-life balance and their perception of the financial situation of the household. Balanced and imbalanced families in terms of LS differed in the three family members’ LS and SWFaL, mothers’ and children’ SWFoL and family functioning, and both parents’ perception of financial situation. These results contribute to understanding the heterogeneity of life satisfaction dynamics between and within dual-earner families.
Watershed Suspended Sediment Supply and Potential Impacts of Dam Removals for an Estuary
Authors: Ralston David K. , Yellen Brian , Woodruff Jonathan D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObservations and modeling are used to assess potential impacts of sediment releases due to dam removals on the Hudson River estuary. Watershed sediment loads are calculated based on sediment-discharge rating curves for gauges covering 80% of the watershed area. The annual average sediment load to the estuary is 1.2 Mt, of which about 0.6 Mt comes from side tributaries. Sediment yield varies inversely with watershed area, with regional trends that are consistent with substrate erodibility. Geophysical and sedimentological surveys in seven subwatersheds of the Lower Hudson were conducted to estimate the mass and composition of sediment trapped behind dams. Impoundments were classified as (1) active sediment traps, (2) run-of-river sites not actively trapping sediment, and (3) dammed natural lakes and spring-fed ponds. Based on this categorization and impoundment attributes from a dam inventory database, the total mass of impounded sediment in the Lower Hudson watershed is estimated as 4.9 ± 1.9 Mt. This represents about 4 years of annual watershed supply, which is small compared with some individual dam removals and is not practically available given current dam removal rates. More than half of dams impound drainage areas less than 1 km2, and play little role in downstream sediment supply. In modeling of a simulated dam removal, suspended sediment in the estuary increases modestly near the source during discharge events, but otherwise effects on suspended sediment are minimal. Fine-grained sediment deposits broadly along the estuary and coarser sediment deposits near the source, with transport distance inversely related to settling velocity.
Solving fuzzy multi-objective shortest path problem based on data envelopment analysis approach
Authors: Bagheri M. , Ebrahimnejad Ali , Razavyan S. , Lotfi F. Hosseinzadeh , Malekmohammadi N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe shortest path problem (SPP) is a special network structured linear programming problem that appears in a wide range of applications. Classical SPPs consider only one objective in the networks while some or all of the multiple, conflicting and incommensurate objectives such as optimization of cost, profit, time, distance, risk, and quality of service may arise together in real-world applications. These types of SPPs are known as the multi-objective shortest path problem (MOSPP) and can be solved with the existing various approaches. This paper develops a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-based approach to solve the MOSPP with fuzzy parameters (FMOSPP) to account for real situations where input–output data include uncertainty of triangular membership form. This approach to make a connection between the MOSPP and DEA is more flexible to deal with real practical applications. To this end, each arc in a FMOSPP is considered as a decision-making unit with multiple fuzzy inputs and outputs. Then two fuzzy efficiency scores are obtained corresponding to each arc. These fuzzy efficiency scores are combined to define a unique fuzzy relative efficiency. Hence, the FMOSPP is converted into a single objective Fuzzy Shortest Path Problem (FSPP) that can be solved using existing FSPP algorithms.
Spray Pyrolyzed TiO2 Embedded Multi-Layer Front Contact Design for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shahiduzzaman Md. , Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Visal Sem , Kaneko Tetsuya , Qarony Wayesh , Umezu Shinjiro , Tomita Koji , Iwamori Satoru , Knipp Dietmar , Tsang Yuen Hong , Akhtaruzzaman Md. , Nunzi Jean-Michel , Taima Tetsuya , Isomura Masao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be improved by utilizing efficient front contact. However, it has always been a significant challenge for fabricating high-quality, scalable, controllable, and cost-effective front contact. This study proposes a realistic multi-layer front contact design to realize efficient single-junction PSCs and perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs). As a critical part of the front contact, we prepared a highly compact titanium oxide (TiO2) film by industrially viable Spray Pyrolysis Deposition (SPD), which acts as a potential electron transport layer (ETL) for the fabrication of PSCs. Optimization and reproducibility of the TiO2 ETL were discreetly investigated while fabricating a set of planar PSCs. As the front contact has a significant influence on the optoelectronic properties of PSCs, hence, we investigated the optics and electrical effects of PSCs by three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and finite element method (FEM) rigorous simulations. The investigation allows us to compare experimental results with the outcome from simulations. Furthermore, an optimized single-junction PSC is designed to enhance the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) by > 30% compared to the planar reference PSC. Finally, the study has been progressed to the realization of all-perovskite TSC that can reach the ECE, exceeding 30%. Detailed guidance for the completion of high-performance PSCs is provided.
Study of Caspian energy markets via a hybrid index for energy demand security in Caspian countries in years 2020 and 2030
Authors: Vedadi Kalanter S. , Maleki A. , Saifoddin A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEstablishment of demand security is a key incentive to boosting oil and gas investments in countries, thus, making the study of demand security also critical. In the present research, the primary aim is to explore the capacity of Caspian Markets in establishing energy demand security in the Caspian region and investigate its impact on oil and gas exports from the region. Therefore, additional factors such as political issues, international support and geographical limitations should also be considered for the determination of energy demand security. To address this need, a hybrid index is proposed that characterizes energy demand security in the Caspian region. In this research, we have looked at the countries of the Caspian region as a collective identity and we have avoided looking at the particular country of the Caspian region. In this study, we have used analytic hierarchy process (AHP method) to make hybrid index (Caspian energy demand security index). Results produced by the hybrid index demonstrate the superior state of Iran and Russia’s swap markets in establishing demand security in the Caspian region in the years 2020 and 2030 when compared to the markets of China, European Union (EU) and India that follow, respectively. The exception to this trend is that in 2030, the European Union will demand more Caspian gas than China.