bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roma in Europe: Human Rights or Humans Out of Sight?
Authors: Young Jason R. 
Published: May 2020

Europe is confronted by a painful paradox; while the idea of ‘Europe’ conceptualizes the European Union as a champion of liberal democracy, human rights and equality, the position of the Roma clashes with this vision. This paper looks at human rights and exclusion in Europe with specific emphasis on the Roma ethnic minority and argues that prevalent anti-Roma discrimination in both Western and Central- Eastern Europe holds larger ramifications than merely the Roma’s constant position of alien, or “despised outsider”. The power of discrimination, popular culture and opinion in marginalizing the Roma effectively limits their equal exercise of civil, political, and human rights. The Roma therefore represent tangible limits to the ideas intertwined with European integration. It is argued that the unwillingness to address the issue of Roma exclusion on the local level within specific countries possesses the effect of creating a two-tier citizenship regime that possess the capacity for unraveling the social and intellectual aims of the European Project. Social, legal, and actual exclusion of the Roma therefore holds significant ramifications for social policy within an enlarging EU. The paper presents popular depictions of the Roma and illustrates the pervasive power of exclusion by examining events such as the 1993 Czech citizenship law; the 1999 construction (and subsequent debate over the dismantling) of a wall around Roma apartments in the Czech town of Ústi nad Labem, widespread use of physical violence and intimidation to discourage Roma settlement and racism in Central and Eastern Europe. These events suggest that the pan-European “identity” is far from constructed and that systematic and fundamental change in attitudes towards among elites and society at large and representations of the Roma is essential if the EU’s enlargement is to expand the protection of Human Rights on an equal footing throughout Europe for the Roma. Combating historical representations constructed by social and political elites of the groups such as the Roma as an other is of paramount importance if the Roma, and other ethnic minorities, are to be included as equal stakeholders in an enlarged Europe.
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i4.180
Aid Suspensions as Coercive Tools? The European Union’s Experience in the AfricanCaribbean-Pacific (ACP) Context
Authors: Portela Clara 
Published: May 2020

Since the signing of the Cotonou Agreement in 2000, the European Union (EU) has suspended development aid towards a number of African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries in response to breaches of Human Rights and democratic principles by activating the so-called Human Rights clause (article 96). The present article analyses the use by the EU of aid suspensions as political tools and their efficacy in achieving the desired policy goals, in an attempt to identify and explain the determinants leading to the success of these measures. The investigation finds that the use of development aid suspensions is frequently effective. Classical sanctions theory appears to account largely for their success, given that most targets display a significant degree of dependence on the EU as a donor or a trading partner. However, and without refuting the explanatory power of that approach, a closer look at this practice unveils a number of factors that contribute to facilitate success. One of them is the selective use of the tool: suspensions are applied predominantly in cases of interruptions of the democratic process, while they are rarely used in situations of violent conflict. The specificities of the consultations mechanism, and especially the attitude of ACP neighbouring countries- often openly supportive-, largely determine the final outcome.

Full textavailable at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v3i2.155
Rethinking the Open Method of Coordination: Mutual Learning Initiatives Shaping the European Research Enterprise
Authors: Tamik Merli 
Published: May 2020

Since 2000, the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) has become a policy approach increasingly used in the European policy making process. By focusing on research policy, this study examines the ways in which the OMC and the mutual learning initiatives have influenced the wider policy discourse in the European Union. The paper argues that it is important to think about the contributions of the OMC in research policy in more broad and fundamental ways. This theory-guided study takes an empirical approach to the OMC, providing significant evidence on mutual learning effects analyzed in terms of developing an authentic dialogue, shaping policy discourse, shaping policy networks and facilitating collaborative learning. The analysis reveals that the OMC changes the ways in which the representatives from the Member States and the European Commission contribute to research policy, leading to a promising foundation for further policy enhancement.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.218
Civil Service Reform in Transition: A Case Study of Russia
Authors: Inkina Svetlana 
Published: May 2020

Public administrative and civil service reforms have widely been used as a popular strategy to bring about systemic changes in entrenched bureaucracies. The general tendency that occurred in Post-Communist states was to adopt comprehensive policy measures dealing with the efficiency and effectiveness of state apparatus. This paper examines the process of an attempted civil service reform in Russia starting from the first term of Putin's Presidency. Based upon interviews with experts and senior public officials, it elaborates on the role of leadership, or the willingness of the national political elite to improve the system of public administration; the impact of path-dependency upon the course of institutional transformation; and finally, the role of reform strategy in the policy implementation process. The article concludes that the case of civil service reform in Russia may be explained by a combination of policy-making variables listed above. In addition, it highlights the transformation of the Russian policy-making system during the years of political centralization.
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v8i1.222
The President of the European Council as a leader: An application of the Contingency Theory
Authors: Kroqi Dorian 
Published: May 2020

The Permanent President of the European Council represents the most important institutional development in the EU during the last decade. This paper attempts to apply the contingency model of leadership, developed by Schout and Vanhoonacker (2001) for the study of the sixth-month nation-state Presidencies of the Council of Ministers, to the operation of the office of the Permanent President during the current Eurozone crisis. The findings from the application of the model are then related to the broader principal-agent theory. The author argues that with a non-national and longer-serving President at the helm of the European Council, there is an improved balance and relationship between the demand for, and provision (supply) of, leadership on the part of the Permanent President. This, in the author's view, has implications for the principal- agent relationship that undergirds the functioning of executive institutions such as the Presidency of the Council of Ministers.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v8i1.226
Radiographic features of histologically benign bone infarcts and bone infarcts associated with neoplasia in dogs
Authors: Jones Sarah A. , Gilmour Lindsey J. , Ruoff Catherine M. , Pool Roy R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe the radiographic appearance of benign bone infarcts and bone infarcts associated with neoplasia in dogs and determine the utility of radiography in differentiating benign and malignancy-associated bone infarcts.

SAMPLE
49 dogs with benign (n = 33) or malignancy-associated (16) infarcts involving the appendicular skeleton.

PROCEDURES
A retrospective cohort study was performed by searching a referral osteopathology database for cases involving dogs with a histologic diagnosis of bone infarction. Case radiographs were anonymized and reviewed by 2 board-certified veterinary radiologists blinded to the histologic classification. Radiographic features commonly used to differentiate aggressive from nonaggressive osseous lesions were recorded, and reviewers classified each case as likely benign infarct, likely malignancy-associated infarct, or undistinguishable.

RESULTS
Only 16 (48%) of the benign infarcts and 6 (38%) of the malignancy-associated infarcts were correctly classified by both reviewers. Medullary lysis pattern and periosteal proliferation pattern were significantly associated with histologic classification. Although all 16 (100%) malignancy-associated lesions had aggressive medullary lysis, 23 of the 33 (70%) benign lesions also did. Eight of the 16 (50%) malignancy-associated infarcts had aggressive periosteal proliferation, compared with 7 of the 33 (21%) benign infarcts.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that radiography was not particularly helpful in distinguishing benign from malignancy-associated bone infarcts in dogs.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE DRILL TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KARANGAN NARASI SISWA KELAS X SMAN 1 KECAMATAN PAYAKUMBUH
Authors: Walef Sri Mures 
Published: May 2020

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan dua kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimen adalah kelas yang disengaja diberi seperangkat perlakuan dengan menerapkan metode pengeboran sedangkan kelas kontrol menerapkan metode konvensional. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa metode pengeboran mempengaruhi pembelajaran penulisan naratif pada keterampilan menulis bahasa Indonesia di kelas eksperimen. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan kenaikan nilai siswa, yang pada saat prenting rata-rata / mean adalah 68,16. Setelah metode kolaboratif diterapkan dalam proses belajar di kelas ini, hasil belajar siswa meningkat pada saat pascatest dengan nilai rata-rata 82,60. Sedangkan metode konvensional juga berpengaruh dalam pembelajaran menulis naratif esai tentang subjek bahasa Indonesia di kelas kontrol. Terbukti dengan kenaikan nilai siswa, waktu rata-rata nilai mean adalah 67,72. Setelah metode konvensional diterapkan dalam proses belajar di kelas ini, hasil belajar siswa meningkat pada saat pascates dengan nilai rata-rata 71.40. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil narasi yang dipelajari. menulis antara metode bor dan metode konvensional. Hal ini terlihat pada perbandingan t hitung dengan t tabel (3.820> 2.021), karena jumlah t hitung lebih tinggi daripada t tabel maka Ha (Alternative Hypotesis) diterima. Ini, hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen yang dipuji oleh metode bor lebih baik daripada siswa mengendalikan hasil belajar kelas tanpa menggunakan metode konvensional. Kata kunci : metode drill, metode konvensional, menulis karangan narasi.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY TRAINING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI SISWA SMPN 118 JAKARTA
Authors: Hafizah Hafizah Hafizah 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran inquiry training menggunakan media audiovisual terhadap kemampuan menulis puisi siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 118 Jakarta selama semester genap tahun ajaran 2016/2017, dimulai pada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Pretes-Postes Control Group Design pada dua kelompok. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan sebanyak empat kali, yaitu dua kali di kelas eksperimen dan dua kali di kelas control. Hasil uji analisis terhadap sampel dari kedua kelas menunjukkan bahwa sampel berdistribusi normal dengan L0 (0,0926) < Lt (0,1497) pada saat eksperimen dan L0 (0,1231) < Lt (0,157) pada saat kelas kontrol dengan taraf signifikan pada dua kelas α = 0,05. Selain itu, hasil uji homogenitas memiliki data yang bersifat homogen. Hal ini ditandai dengan diperolehnya x²tabel = 43,8 > x²hitung = 15,42 dengan derajat kebebasan (dk) 35+32-2 = 65. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan data dengan menggunakan Uji-t ditemukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh terhadap kemampuan menulis puisi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 118 Jakarta. Hal ini ditandai dengan terdapatnya thitung = 3,463 > ttabel = 1,67 dalam taraf nyata 0,05. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan hipotesis penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran inquiry training melalui penggunaan media audiovisual terhadap kemampuan menulis puisi kelas VIII SMP Negeri 118 Jakarta, (Hi), diterima . Dengan kata lain, model pembelajaran inquiry training dan media audiovisual mampu mempercepat proses pemahaman siswa terhadap isi pembelajaran.Kata Kunci: Model pembelajaran inquiry training, keterampilan menulis puisi, penelitian eksperimen
The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Simvastatin in the Management of Portal Hypertension in Cirrhotic Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Agarwal Raksheeth , Billy Matthew , Yausep Oliver Emmanuel , Amandito Radhian , Jayalie Vito Filbert , Gani Rino Alvani 
Published: May 2020

Background: Variceal bleeding is a serious complication of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. Current guidelines recommend non-selective beta blockers (NSBBs) and endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. However, NSBBs are associated with low response rates and systemic adverse effects. Simvastatin has been shown to reduce portal hypertension in previous studies. Our aim was to assess its clinical efficacy and safety in reducing portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients. Method: We searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL, Scopus, and Clinicaltrials.gov, and manually browsed abstracts of major hepatology conferences for selection of studies. We selected randomized controlled trials with a population of cirrhotic patients, simvastatin as an intervention, HVPG change as an outcome, and English as the primary language. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We extracted change in HVPG from baseline to post-treatment as the principal summary measure, with safety as the secondary outcome.Results: Two full articles were included for qualitative analysis. Both studies reported reductions in HVPG from baseline to post-treatment in the simvastatin group, with this reduction being significantly higher as compared to the control group. Adverse effects were homogenously distributed in both groups, and good safety was reported by both studies. Simvastatin’s HVPG lowering effects are possibly additive to those of NSBBs. Conclusion: Simvastatin effectively reduces HVPG in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension, although more clinical trials are needed to validate these results. Simvastatin could potentially be combined with NSBBs to achieve greater results.
Hubungan Anemia Dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah Pada Ibu Hamil di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: K Iriyani 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAKBayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) merupakan keadaan dimana bayi yang dilahirkan memiliki berat kurang dari 2500 gram. Kejadian BBLR dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yang terdapat pada Ibunya sendiri, diantaranya anemia, pendapatan, dan pantang makanan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan anemia, pendapatan, pantang makanan pada Ibu hamil dengan kejadian BBLR. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan di Ruang Mawar RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda pada Bulan Mei Tahun 2014.Sampel penelitian diambil dari 94 Ibu yang melahirkan dengan genap bulan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder yaitu berupa catatan buku pasien. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah chi square test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan anemia dengan kejadian BBLR (? = 0,037),Disarankan agar pemberian suplemen Fe dilengkapi dengan suplemen mikronutrien karena suplemen Fe kurang efektif dalam mengurangi angka anemia pada Ibu hamil.
Peran Orang Tua Dalam Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Emosional Anak di Desa Petonggan Kecamatan Rakit Kulim Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu
Authors: Tambak Syahraini , Helman Helman 
Published: May 2020

Kecerdasan emosional merupakan salah satu kecerdasan yang sangat mempengaruhi perkembangan kehidupan anak, karena 80% kesuksesan kehidupan sangat ditentukan oleh kecerdasan emosional. Memberikan pendidikan kepada anak sejak dini merupakan hal yang sangat penting dan sangat dianjurkan karena sejak anak dilahirkan hingga tahun-tahun pertama, anak akan mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat. Perkembangan anak pada tahun-tahun awal lebih kritis dibandingkan dengan perkembangan selanjutnya, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa masa kanak-kanak merupakan gambaran awal manusia sebagai manusia seutuhnya. Peran orang tua dalam perkembangan emosional anak sangat dibutuhkan, karena orang tualah yang dapat mendampingi dan mengembangkan kecerdasan anak semaksimal mungkin. Perkembangan anak khususnya perkembangan emosionalnya tercapai dengan baik dan sempurna. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Peran Orang Tua Dalam Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Emosional Anak di Desa Petonggan Kecamatan Rakit Kulim Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh orang tua yang mempunyai anak usia 7-14 tahun yang berjumlah 122 kepala keluarga. Karena besarnya jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini, maka penulis mengambil 50% dari jumlah populasi yaitu sebanyak 61 kepala keluarga. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu dengan menggambarkan data yang berwujud angka-angka hasil perhitungan dan pengukuran dapat diproses dengan cara dijumlahkan. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat diketahui bahwa Peran Orang Tua dalam mengembangkan kecerdasan emosional anak di Desa Petonggan Kecamatan Rakit Kulim Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu pada taraf “76,04%” yaitu berada pada rentang 61%-80% dikategorikan “Baik”.
Drug Binding Dynamics of the Dimeric SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease, Determined by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: KOMATSU Teruhisa S. , Okimoto Noriaki , KOYAMA Yohei M. , HIRANO Yoshinori , MORIMOTO Gentaro , OHNO Yousuke , Taiji Makoto 
Published: May 2020

We performed molecular dynamics simulation of the dimeric SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2) main protease (Mpro) to examine the binding dynamics of small molecular ligands. Seven HIV inhibitors, darunavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, and tipranavir, were used as the potential lead drugs to investigate access to the drug binding sites in Mpro. The frequently accessed sites on Mpro were classified based on contacts between the ligands and the protein, and the differences in site distributions of the encounter complex were observed among the ligands. All seven ligands showed binding to the active site at least twice in 28 simulations of 200 ns each. We further investigated the variations in the complex structure of the active site with the ligands, using microsecond order simulations. Results revealed a wide variation in the shapes of the binding sites and binding poses of the ligands. Additionally, the C-terminal region of the other chain often interacted with the ligands and the active site. Collectively, these findings indicate the importance of dynamic sampling of protein- ligand complexes and suggest the possibilities of further drug optimisations. Raw trajectory data analysed in this paper and movie examples are available at the zenodo repository.
Do vestibular ao ENEM: trajetórias, permanências e transformações (1750-2018)
Authors: Azevedo Livia Dias 
Published: May 2020

O vestibular e o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) se constituem como os principais sistemas de acesso ao ensino superior no Brasil. Na História da Educação brasileira, o vestibular aparece em um espaço-tempo bastante representativo e vem sendo, progressivamente, substituído pelo Enem, que não se apresenta apenas como um exame de entrada, mas importante política pública de democratização ao ensino universitário. Nesse sentido, este artigo objetiva refletir sobre a instituição do exame vestibular e sua substituição pelo Enem, considerando o contexto histórico, geográfico e social de seu aparecimento como sistema de seleção para ingresso na educação superior brasileira. Para isso, empreende o desafio de dialogar passado e presente em um intervalo de tempo de três séculos: 1750-2019. Inicialmente, tomamos como interlocutores Santos e Cerqueira (2009), Seco e Amaral (2006), Cunha (2003), Fernandes (1980) e Souza (2006), dentre outros autores que nos ajudaram na proposição dos argumentos expostos. Para fins de análise, podemos concluir que o exame vestibular e o Enem não estão inseridos apenas num sistema educacional, mas, sobretudo, na tessitura política, econômica e cultural brasileira.
Dependence of the recurrence development on the sutures tension force while performance of laparoscopic cruroraphy
Authors: Grubnik V. V. , Tkachenko A. I. , Grubnik V. V. 
Published: May 2020

Objective. Intraoperative determination of the threads tension force while performance of laparoscopic cruroraphy.
Materials and methods. Using a numerical dynamometer Walcom FM-204-50K the threads tension force was measured while performance of laparoscopic cruroraphy in 62 patients, suffering large hiatal hernias. The measured results have included a middle value of the tension force of every stitch for secure approximation of diaphragmatic crura and presence of any dehiscence in diaphragmatic crura while doing cruroraphy.
Results. The middle tension force of the first suture while performing of posterior cruroraphy have constituted 2.1 N, while a second one – 3.2 N and the third – 4.2 N. Positive correlational dependence was revealed between the threads tension force while doing cruroraphy and the hiatus square, as well as with a patient’s age. The correlation link between the threads tension force, while doing cruroraphy, and the patient’s body mass index was not revealed. The diaphragmatic crura muscles dehiscence was observed in the threads tension force, exceeding 4 N.
Conclusion. The sutures tension force while cruroraphy conduction, as our data demonstrate, exceeding 4,5 - 5 N, constitutes indication for the net implants application.