bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance to Fusarium head blight in oats based on analyses of multiple field and greenhouse studies
Authors: Hautsalo Juho , Jauhiainen Lauri , Hannukkala Asko , Manninen Outi , Veteläinen Merja , Pietilä Leena , Peltoniemi Kirsi , Jalli Marja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) and the mycotoxins produced by its causal agents in oats (Avena sativa L.) have become a growing problem in northern countries over the last decades. The development of resistant cultivars would offer a highly needed and economical solution to the problem. To tackle the high genotype×environment interaction of FHB, a combined analysis was carried out on eight greenhouse and 13 field experiments inoculated with DON-producing Fusarium species. Our data included 406 oat genotypes consisting of Nordic cultivars, breeding lines and potentially resistant gene bank accessions. High variation in the DON accumulation estimates in the material shows that the selection of genotypes with better resistance would be valuable. The greenhouse and field studies resulted in significantly different oat genotype susceptibility rankings for both DON and Fusarium infected kernels. The results obtained from the field experiments have more practical relevance for farmers and breeders for the identification of DON resistant cultivars than greenhouse screenings. Days to maturity and the plant height of the genotypes both significantly affected the Fusarium infections and DON in the field. The relationship between Fusarium infected kernels, DONand germination capacity provide an insight into the composition of genotypes with resistance. The core set of 30 oat genotypes, which were phenotyped in several experiments, provides valuable examples of both highly susceptible and moderately resistant oat genotypes.
Development of Indel markers for the selection of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) hybrids that can be used for low-cost genotyping with agarose gels
Authors: Noda Takahiro , Daiou Kaoru , Mihara Takashi , Nagano Yukio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCross-breeding between cultivars ofSatsuma mandarinsis difficult because of the seeds’ polyembryonic characteristics. Even if a seed is obtained by hybridization, the seed contains only one zygotic embryo (hybrid embryo) and many nucellar embryos. Therefore, for efficient cross-breeding, it is necessary to select a zygotic embryo from among the nucellar embryos. To identify the zygotic embryo, we have developed 119 Indel markers that can be clearly detected by simple agarose gel electrophoresis by mining the Indel region from the resequencing analysis of the short reads ofSatsuma mandarinagainst the reference genome ofSatsuma mandarin. Additionally, we showed that the genotype determined by these markers can be used as an indicator for the selection of zygotic embryo-derived individuals. In addition, many of the developed Indel markers were found to be used for genotypingSatsuma mandarinas well as other citrus species and relatives. This codominant DNA marker that can be detected by low-cost, simple electrophoresis is expected to be used for the identification of zygotic embryo-derived individuals and for various purposes such as cultivar identification.
Observation of Anomalously Strong Penetration of Terahertz Electric Field Through Terahertz-Opaque Gold Films Into a GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well
Authors: Ganichev S. D. , Danilov S. N. , Kronseder M. , Schuh D. , Gronwald I. , Bougeard D. , Ivchenko E. L. , Shul’man A. Ya. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe observe an anomalously high electric field of terahertz (THz) radiation acting on a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) placed beneath a thin gold film, which, however, is supposed to be opaque at THz frequencies. We show that the anomalously strong penetration of the THz electric field through a very high conductive gold film emerges if two conditions are fulfilled simultaneously: (i) the film’s thickness is less than the skin depth and (ii) the THz electric field is measured beneath the film at distances substantially smaller than the radiation wavelength. We demonstrate that under these conditions, the strength of the field acting on a 2DEG is almost the same as it would be in the absence of the gold film. The effect is detected for macroscopically homogeneous perforation-free gold films illuminated by THz laser radiation with a spot smaller than the film area. This eliminates the near field of the edge diffraction as a possible cause of the anomalous penetration. The microscopic origin of the effect remains unexplained in its details, yet. The observed effect can be used for the development of THz devices based on two-dimensional materials requiring robust highly conducting top gates placed at less than nanometer distance from the electron gas location.
Enhanced removal of copper(II) from acidic streams using functional resins: batch and column studies
Authors: Wołowicz Anna , Hubicki Zbigniew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The adsorption behaviour of copper(II) ions in acidic streams using different polymeric adsorbents (Lewatit MonoPlus TP 220, Lewatit MonoPlus SR 7, Lewatit AF 5, Purolite A 830, Purolite S 984, Purolite A 400 TL, Dowex PSR 2, Dowex PSR 3) was studied, and the results were compared. The adsorbents were characterized by determination of the point of zero charge and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method. The kinetic (effects of phases contact time) and equilibrium (effect of initial Cu(II) concentration) studies were also carried out. The effects of hydrochloric and nitric(V) acids on adsorption behaviour of Cu(II) were examined. The FTIR spectra after the Cu(II) adsorption were also obtained, and the mechanism of Cu(II) sorption was proposed. Of eight adsorbents, the best one was chosen and applied in further studies (column adsorption, column and batch desorption, reuse of adsorbent in cycles of sorption–desorption, selectivity in two-component solutions Pd(II)–Cu(II)). Cu(II) sorption efficiency was the highest using Lewatit MonoPlus TP 220. Its sorption is well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir isotherm model. Ion exchangers show also high affinity for noble metals, especially for gold(III): Au(III) > Pd(II) > Pt(IV) (the column test) from single- and two- or three-component solutions (the batch test).

Graphic abstract
Does NGOs’ Commercialization Affect Volunteer Work? The Crowding out or Crowding in Effect
Authors: Mikołajczak Paweł , Bajak Piotr 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to identify whether the commercialization of NGOs has an influence on the crowding out or crowding in effect of volunteer work, and to indicate the factors affecting volunteers’ regular involvement in NGO activity. The conducted research confirmed the hypothesis that the commercialization of Polish NGOs is associated with the crowding in effect of volunteer work. The authors prove that the direction of knowledge transfer can be important in engaging volunteers to work in NGOs. The model demonstrates that the likelihood of the NGO crowding in effect increases with frequent internal training, and decreases rapidly with participation in conferences, which work as external knowledge transfer.
Contingent reflections on coronavirus and priorities for educational planning and development
Authors: Lewin Keith M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically shifted education and development priorities. The tragic death toll and high rates of morbidity across many countries are an unprecedented setback and a calamity for those affected physically and mentally. The economic and social effects of lockdowns, loss of production and business confidence, and global recession will cast a long shadow over education systems. Despite the 435 million items that Google already indexes under “COVID-19 education”, many things remain unknown. No one has a clear idea of how the current pandemic will unravel over anything but the short term. The challenge is to strengthen the mechanisms to separate evidence from opinion and to balance popularism with speaking truth to power—especially when political systems can find it difficult to distinguish fact from convenient fiction.This paper advances ten propositions that will shape policy dialogue and whatever iteration of the Sustainable Development Goals is needed to ensure they remain fit for purpose. Testing these propositions over the next year will open the door to an evidence-based approach to reconstruction and sustainable development and juxtapose immediate concerns of the present with aspirations for the future. More than ever the need is to see beyond the exigencies of COVID-19 and act to secure the educational gains of the recent past. UNESCO and other development agencies can play a key role in sharing how to manage revitalised and resilient learning systems that allow the community of practice to stay focussed on development that is economically, socially, medically, and educationally sustainable. Spaceship Earth has to be secured for future generations through the knowledge, skill and attitudes of its crew and passengers. Seriously revisiting SDG4, its targets and indicators, and its relationships with other SDGs, would be a start.
Ecumene of the Logos: Theoretical Affinities Between Italian and Russian Ontologism
Authors: Kita Marek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe topic of this article is the convergence of the fundamental theoretical intuitions of two independent currents of Christian philosophy at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Italian Catholic spiritualism and the internally diversified current of the Russian religious philosophical Renaissance proved to be convergent in their ontological realism based on the metaphysics of cognition. This consonance undermines the stereotype about the total difference between the Russian Orthodox and the Western Catholic mentality. The article tries to show that these two denominations both drew inspiration from the Patristic heritage and that, contrary to all appearances, Russian religious philosophy owes much to the Augustinian tradition. The paper reminds the discovery of this convergence made by Vladimir Ern, and discusses certain elements of the teachings of Vladimir Solovyev and Evgenii Troubetzkoy in comparison with the basic philosophical intuitions of the Italian philosopher Antonio Rosmini.
Geschlechtersensible Gestaltung digitaler Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Urban Monika 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Kategorie Geschlecht hat für die Gesundheit eine zentrale Bedeutung und geschlechtersensible Perspektiven gehören entsprechend zum wissenschaftlichen Standard der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Durch digitale Interventionen der Gesundheitsförderung ergeben sich nun neue Herausforderungen, da ein Einfluss der Kategorie Gender auf die Wirkung solcher Interventionen zwar prinzipiell bekannt ist, die konkreten Effekte fehlender gendersensibler Perspektiven bisher jedoch nicht systematisiert sind.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der Artikel stellt potenzielle unintendierte Effekte durch fehlende gendersensible Perspektiven vor und diskutiert Maßnahmen einer gender- und diversitätssensiblen Gestaltung digitaler Interventionen der Gesundheitsförderung.

Material und Methode
Der Artikel basiert auf einem scoping review, das nationale und internationale Studien einschließt.

Ergebnisse
Die Studienlage zur Interferenz von Gendern zu den Effekten digitaler Angebote ist bisher schwach. Die inkludierten Studien verweisen exemplarisch mit Blick auf einzelne Interventionen, Technologien und Zielgruppen darauf, dass fehlende gendersensible Perspektiven negative Effekte haben. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass digitale Interventionen die Dichotomien entlang der Kategorien Frau vs. Mann (re)manifestieren können. Andere Körper, sowie ein anderes als heterosexuelles Begehren, können bei digitalen Interventionen unberücksichtigt bleiben.

Diskussion
Für eine Vermeidung unintendierter Effekte digitaler Interventionen bietet sich die Einbeziehung gendersensibler und diversitätsorientierter Perspektiven an. Ein durchgängig gendersensibles Design, Gendersensibilität als wissenschaftlicher Standard und partizipative, User-orientierte Technikentwicklung können unintendierte Effekte minimieren.
Assessing the Organizational Climate for Translational Research with a New Survey Tool
Authors: Simons Arno , Riedel Nico , Toelch Ulf , Hendriks Barbara , Müller-Ohlraun Stephanie , Liebenau Lisa , Ambrasat Jens , Dirnagl Ulrich , Reinhart Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPromoting translational research as a means to overcoming chasms in the translation of knowledge through successive fields of research from basic science to public health impacts and back is a central challenge for research managers and policymakers. Organizational leaders need to assess baseline conditions, identify areas needing improvement, and to judge the impact of specific initiatives to sustain or improve translational research practices at their institutions. Currently, there is a lack of such an assessment tool addressing the specific context of translational biomedical research. To close this gap, we have developed a new survey for assessing theorganizational climate for translational research. This self-assessment tool measures employees’ perceptions of translational research climate and underlying research practices in organizational environments and builds on the established Survey of Organizational Research Climate, assessing research integrity. Using this tool, we show that scientists at a large university hospital (Charité Berlin) perceive translation as a central and important component of their work. Importantly, local resources and direct support are main contributing factors for the practical implementation of translation into their own research practice. We identify and discuss potential leverage points for an improvement of research climate to foster successful translational research.
Hydraulic conductivity of fly ash as a barrier material: some problems in determination
Authors: Zabielska-Adamska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, researchers have conducted investigations with the possibility of utilising fly ash as a barrier material, which is justified by its chemical, physical and mechanical properties. The mean necessary characteristic, which should be tested is coefficient of permeability. The diversification of test methods and sample preparation techniques can significantly change test results. The purpose of the article is to describe the fly ash permeability in dependence on compaction and moisture content at compaction, as a material embedded into the sealing layer of storage yards. The impact of sample saturation on hydraulic conductivity is shown too. The hydraulic conductivity was investigated for unsaturated and fully saturated fly ash samples, which had been compacted by the Standard and Modified Proctor methods at various water contents, ranging over optimum water content ± 5%. The lowest values of hydraulic conductivity were obtained at the highest moisture contentsw = wopt + 5%, for both compaction methods. It is proven that compacted fly ash, in spite of its likeness to non-cohesive soils, must be assessed while considering water content during compaction, as in the case of compacted cohesive soils.
Sequestering a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug using modified orange peels
Authors: Bello Olugbenga Solomon , Alagbada Temitope Chris , Alao Oluwakemi Christiana , Olatunde Abimbola Modupe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the sorption of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, (IBP) using acid activated carbon prepared from orange peel (OPA). OPA was characterized via the use of Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Four isotherm models were utilized to assess the adsorption data: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Raduskevich, respectively. It was established that the IBP adsorption onto OPA fitted Langmuir isotherm model most. The optimum monolayer adsorption capacity of OPA was 49.30 mg/g at 50 °C. The adsorption data was subjected to kinetic test using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The sorption process was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The mean heat of adsorption, Ea at all temperatures studied was < 8.00 kJmol−1, signifying that the sorption mechanism is physisorption. Thermodynamic study reveals that the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. OPA was established to be a viable and effective adsorbent for the sorption of IBP from aqueous medium.
Numerical simulation and evaluation of spacer-filled direct contact membrane distillation module
Authors: El Kadi Khadije , Janajreh Isam , Hashaikeh Raed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMembrane fouling and temperature polarization are the most common issues that cause limitations to membrane distillation (MD) process. Integration of spacers has been proven to resolve those problems by inducing regions of turbulence and giving the required mechanical support to the membrane. In this work, a robust high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulation is carried out to assess and quantify the performance of spacer-filled DCMD module and compare it with a baseline spacer-free DCMD module. Mainly, simulations are done to delineate the problem of concentration polarization and by alternating spacers material with different thermal conductivities and different displacement configurations. The performance of these different models is demonstrated in terms of concentration boundary layer development, temperature distributions, temperature polarization coefficient (TPC), mass flux, heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, and thermal efficiency. Results show that concentration polarization can penalize mass flux by nearly 10%, and conductive spacers have favorable effect on the DCMD performance compared to spacer-free in terms of TPC by 50%, mass flux by 35%, heat flux by 31%, thermal efficiency by 1%, and top and bottom membrane surface heat transfer coefficients of, respectively, 19% and 62%. Meanwhile, the stride of the spacers in the range of 1.5–3.5 mm tends to achieve a measurable mass flux. Generally, spacers integration has confirmed the capability of reducing concentration polarization at the membrane surface. These attained improvements will accelerate industrial deployments of MD.
Characterization of miRNAs from sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792) and their tissue-specific expression analysis in brain and liver
Authors: de la Fuente Jiménez Juan Luis , Sharma Ashutosh , Paul Sujay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs are endogenous highly conserved short (~ 21 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules that play key roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation by translational inhibition or by target mRNA cleavage. In this report, using high stringent computational-based methods, a total of 101 putative miRNAs were identified from European sardine fish (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792). All the precursors of identified sardine miRNAs formed stable stem-loop structures and displayed high minimum free energy index (MFEI) values. For the experimental validation of the computationally predicted miRNAs, a tissue-specific quantitative study of eight randomly selected putative sardine miRNAs (spi-miR9, spi-miR26, spi-miR128, spi-miR129, spi-miR132, spi-miR212, spi-miR219, and spi-miR338) was performed in brain and liver and all the selected miRNAs were found to be overexpressed in brain tissue. Moreover, using RNAhybrid, a total of 83 potential target proteins of the characterized sardine miRNAs were identified those are involved in transcription, cellular development, defense mechanism, and various signaling pathways. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sardine microRNAs and their targets.
Democratic and Autocratic Nation Building
Authors: Stewart Katie L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere are two main trends in the field of nation-building studies. One subset of the field focuses on democratic nation building, seeking to answer questions of how people can live together in divided societies and presenting institutional recommendations. The other subset examines autocratic nation building, or how those in power utilize nation building to maintain their position of dominance. Scholars examine both types of nation building from above, examining government policies and elite action, and from below, analyzing the practices and emotions of non-elites. While there has been much progress in the field of nation-building studies, I suggest that we focus more on the conceptual differences between democratic and autocratic nation building, address the interactions of elites and non-elites in nation-building practices, and disaggregate analyses to take into account in-country variation in nation building.
Understanding galaxy formation and evolution through an all-sky submillimetre spectroscopic survey
Authors: Negrello Mattia , Bonato Matteo , Cai Zhen-Yi , Dannerbauer Helmut , De Zotti Gianfranco , Delabrouille Jacques , Scott Douglas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe illustrate the extraordinary discovery potential for extragalactic astrophysics of a far-infrared/submillimetre (far-IR/submm) all-sky spectroscopic survey with a 3-m-class space telescope. Spectroscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the Universe and allows us to take full advantage of the sensitivity of present-day instrumentation, close to fundamental limits, overcoming the spatial confusion that affects broadband far-IR/submm surveys. A space telescope of the 3-m class (which has already been described in recent papers) will detect emission lines powered by star formation in galaxies out to$z\,{\simeq}\,8$. It will specifically provide measurements of spectroscopic redshifts, star-formation rates (SFRs), dust masses, and metal content for millions of galaxies at the peak epoch of cosmic star formation and of hundreds of them at the epoch of reionisation. Many of these star-forming galaxies will be strongly lensed; the brightness amplification and stretching of their sizes will make it possible to investigate (by means of follow-up observations with high-resolution instruments like ALMA,JWST, and SKA) their internal structure and dynamics on the scales of giant molecular clouds (40–100 pc). This will provide direct information on the physics driving the evolution of star-forming galaxies. Furthermore, the arcmin resolution of the telescope at submm wavelengths is ideal for detecting the cores of galaxy proto-clusters, out to the epoch of reionisation. Due to the integrated emission of member galaxies, such objects (as well as strongly lensed sources) will dominate at the highest apparent far-IR luminosities. Tens of millions of these galaxy-clusters-in-formation will be detected at$z \simeq 2 - 3$–3, with a tail extending out to$z\,{\simeq}\,7$, and thousands of detections at$6\,{<}\,z\,{<}\,7$. Their study will allow us to track the growth of the most massive halos well beyond what is possible with classical cluster surveys (mostly limited to$z\,\lesssim\, 1.5 - 2$–2), tracing the history of star formation in dense environments and teaching us how star formation and galaxy-cluster formation are related across all epochs. The obscured cosmic SFR density of the Universe will thereby be constrained. Such a survey will overcome the current lack of spectroscopic redshifts of dusty star-forming galaxies and galaxy proto-clusters, representing a quantum leap in far-IR/submm extragalactic astrophysics.