bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„die sagen wirklich dass das radikal ist ein Kopftuch zu tragen. Ich bin jetzt schon für die Extremistin“ – Zum Umgang praktizierender Musliminnen mit stigmatisierenden Fremd(heits)zuschreibungen und Terrorismusverdacht
Authors: Jukschat Nadine , Lehmann Lena 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungMuslime/innen in Deutschland sind alltäglich mit Islam- und Muslimfeindlichkeit bzw. antimuslimischen Rassismus, mindestens aber mit „Fremdzuschreibungen von Fremdheit“ konfrontiert. Angesichts von Terror und Gewalt im Namen des Islam und einer zunehmend versicherheitlichten Perspektive auf gesellschaftliche Probleme scheinen neben ‚klassischen‘ Stereotypen (wie Rückständigkeit, Fundamentalismus und patriarchale Unterdrückung der Frau) verstärkt Gefährlichkeitszuschreibungen an den Islam geheftet zu werden. Insbesondere strenger praktizierende Muslime/innen geraten in diesem gesellschaftlichen Klima unter Radikalismus- bzw. Extremismusverdacht bzw. werden als bedrohlich wahrgenommen. Die Untersuchung setzt an diesem hegemonialen Islamdiskurs an. Auf der Basis von biografisch-narrativen Interviews sowie einer Gruppendiskussion mit praktizierenden, sich bedeckenden Muslimas und orientiert an der Grounded Theory Methodologie untersucht er, wie sich dieser Diskurs in Erfahrungen von Muslime/innen niederschlägt, auf ihre Selbst- und Welt-Wahrnehmung auswirkt und wie praktizierende Muslime/innen mit den Zuschreibungen umgehen, mit denen sie sich im Alltag auseinandersetzen müssen. Dabei zeigt sich eine Reflexivierung muslimischer Lebenspraxis, die Fremdzuschreibungen von islamistischer Gefahr und Bedrohung stets mitführt. Im Umgang mit den stigmatisierenden Fremdidentifizierungen lassen sich idealtypisch zwei Strategien unterscheiden: 1) Umgangsweisen, die als Formen derSelbstermächtigungbeschrieben werden und 2) eherdefensive Formen des Umgangs, die zu einer Identifikation mit der Opferrolle und Rückzug tendieren. Vor den Hintergrund der eigenen Felderfahrungen reflektiert der Beitrag dabei zudem die Rolle von Forscher/innen im Themenfeld bei der (Re‑)Produktion gesellschaftlicher Islamdiskurse.
Würdevolles Altern – neue Technologien, Telemedizin und Ethik
Authors: Klein Andreas 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungWürdevolles Altern erscheint in einer Hochleistungsgesellschaft als prekäre Formel, da dies zwar von den meisten Menschen gewollt wird, das Alter(n) jedoch weitgehend mit negativen Attributen versehen wird: Defizite, Mängel, Abbauprozesse, Leistungseinbußen und eine Last für andere und die Gesellschaft. Die positiven Faktoren wie etwa zahlreiche Entlastungen oder Erfahrungssättigung treten hingegen in den Hintergrund. Trotz des Lobs der Vielheit, der Differenz, der Buntheit und der Destandardisierung von Lebensentwürfen bleiben hier ganz bestimmte, kulturell grundierte Leitperspektiven prägend, denen man sich nur schwer entziehen kann. Sowohl ethisch als auch gesamtgesellschaftlich wären kulturelle und individuelle Bewertungsperspektiven auf das Alter(n) kritisch zu reflektieren und alternative Deutungsoptionen einzubeziehen, die Neuorientierungen und Neujustierungen von den Verkrustungen der Perspektiven befreien.Mittlerweile sind sich bereits alternative Konzepte des Selbstverständnisses älterer Menschen etabliert. Selbstbestimmung und Individualisierung werden eigenständig aufgegriffen und sind nicht länger jüngeren Generationen vorbehalten. Überkommene Rollenverständnisse werden dabei einer kritischen Revision unterzogen und umbesetzt. Dabei verliert Alter überhaupt zunehmend an Differenzierungsrelevanz, weil Menschen mit aufgrund ihrer jeweiligen Bedürfnisse und Interessen im Mittelpunkt stehen und nicht alleine wegen ihres Alters. Dies hat auch die Wirtschaft längst erkannt, wodurch ältere Menschen als interessante und finanzkräftige Adressaten in den Fokus rücken. Längst ist von „golden“ oder „silver agern“ die Rede.In diesem Kontext spielen auch neue Technologien eine entscheidende Rolle, weil sie Menschen im fortgeschrittenen Alter in ihren neu bestimmten Lebenskonzepten erhebliche Unterstützung und Selbstkontrolle bieten können, insbesondere im Gesundheitsbereich. Sie ermöglichen, grundlegende ethische Prinzipien zu unterstützen, wenngleich neben den Vorteilen auch die Risiken und gesellschaftlichen Transformationen kritisch zu bedenken und zu bewerten sind. Ein kurzer Überblick soll diese Aspekte verdeutlichen und vertiefen.
Proton deflectometry of a capacitor coil target along two axes
Authors: Bradford P. , Read M. P. , Ehret M. , Antonelli L. , Khan M. , Booth N. , Glize K. , Carroll D. , Clarke R. J. , Heathcote R. , Ryazantsev S. , Pikuz S. , Spindloe C. , Moody J. D. , Pollock B. B. , Tikhonchuk V. T. , Ridgers C. P. , Santos J. J. , Woolsey N. C. 
Published: April 2020

A developing application of laser-driven currents is the generation of magnetic fields of picosecond–nanosecond duration with magnitudes exceeding

$B=10~\text{T}$

. Single-loop and helical coil targets can direct laser-driven discharge currents along wires to generate spatially uniform, quasi-static magnetic fields on the millimetre scale. Here, we present proton deflectometry across two axes of a single-loop coil ranging from 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Comparison with proton tracking simulations shows that measured magnetic fields are the result of kiloampere currents in the coil and electric charges distributed around the coil target. Using this dual-axis platform for proton deflectometry, robust measurements can be made of the evolution of magnetic fields in a capacitor coil target.
The oldest hyolithids (Cambrian Series 2, Montezuman Stage) from the Iapetan margin of Laurentia
Authors: Peel John S. , Willman Sebastian , Hageman Steven J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe recent description of the nevadioid trilobiteBuenellus chilhoweensisWebster and Hageman, 2018 established the presence of early Cambrian Montezuman Stage (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) faunas in the Murray Shale of Chilhowee Mountain, Tennessee. The description recognized the oldest known age-diagnostic Cambrian trilobite from the Laurentian margin of the former Iapetus Ocean sinceBuenellusBlaker, 1988 is known otherwise only from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte on the Innuitian margin of North Greenland. The bivalved arthropodsIsoxys chilhoweanusWalcott, 1890 andIndota tennesseensis(Resser, 1938a) have also been described from the Murray Shale, but hyolithids appear to be the dominant body fossils in terms of diversity and abundance. Although poorly preserved, the hyolithids occurring together withBuenellus chilhoweensisare described to improve understanding of the Murray Shale biota. The hyolith assemblages of the Murray Shale and Sirius Passet Lagerstätte are not closely similar, although the poor preservation of both hinders comparison.
Case study of a disability support worker’s organizational commitment
Authors: Mpofu Ngonidzashe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis case study assessed the role of job burnout as it relates to employee organisational commitment. An interview was carried out with a disability support worker and the variables she perceived as contributing to her job burnout, affecting organisational commitment or turnover intentions. The Job Demands-Resources model was used for understanding job burnout; three areas of focus were identified: role ambiguity, role overload, and perceived supervisor support.
Good, better, best? A model for Australian practitioners of forensic vocational assessment
Authors: Lee Marcia S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVocational assessment is the foundation of future vocational choices available to a person with a disability. In a compensable environment with potential for litigation, the assessment process becomes more complex and challenging for claimant, practitioner, and other stakeholders. The purpose of forensic (medicolegal) vocational assessment in Australia is reviewed. Comparison of ethics, qualifications, and experience of Australian forensic assessors (practitioners) and their North American counterparts points to an urgent need for an accreditation framework. This paper discusses microaccreditation as an independent model of training and credentialing of Australian forensic vocational practitioners. Credentialing the forensic vocational practitioner serves to underpin the quality and rigor of vocational assessments undertaken in a highly scrutinized legal market.
Diet and the gut microbiome: from hype to hypothesis
Authors: Daniel Hannelore 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicrobiome research in the last two decades has delivered as a key finding that the human intestine hosts a unique and complex ecosystem with many variables affecting the composition of the microbiota and in turn its function in metabolism and immune defence. Hundreds of external (environmental) factors have meanwhile been identified as significantly associated with bacterial biomass and diversity and, amongst these, diet is considered as a key determinant of microbial populations. However, dietary intervention studies, including those with fermentable substrates that have bulk effects on bowel functions, have revealed only very minor effects on overall microbiome composition and usually show only a very few species changing in population size. What that means in the context of hundreds of different species coexisting in competition or mutualism in the human colon is far from understood. This review addresses some of the current limits in research on diet effects by taking anatomical and physiological features of the intestine into consideration. It also provides some recommendations on future human studies needed to assess how the diet influences the microbiome and associated effects on metabolic health.
Maternal use of folic acid and multivitamin supplements and infant risk of birth defects in Norway, 1999–2013
Authors: Gildestad Trude , Bjørge Tone , Haaland Øystein A. , Klungsøyr Kari , Vollset Stein E. , Øyen Nina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe association between folic acid supplementation and birth defects other than neural tube defects (NTD) remains unclear. We used a log-binomial regression model to investigate if periconceptional folic acid and/or multivitamin use was associated with birth defects in Norway with prospectively collected data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) during 1999–2013. We used the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) classification system to define eleven organ-specific major birth defect groups (nervous system, eye, ear–face–neck, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, oral clefts, digestive system, abdominal wall, urinary system, genital organs and limb), with additional subgroups. Fetuses or infants whose mothers used folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements before and during pregnancy were classified as exposed. During the years 1999–2013, 888 294 (99·0 %) live-born infants, 6633 (0·7 %) stillborn infants and 2135 (0·2 %) fetuses from terminated pregnancies due to fetal anomalies were registered in the MBRN. Among the live- and stillborn infants of women who used vitamin supplements compared with infants of non-users, the adjusted relative risk (aRR) was 0·94 (95 % CI 0·91, 0·98) for total birth defects (n 18 382). Supplement use was associated with reduced risk of abdominal wall defects (aRR 0·58; 95 % CI 0·42, 0·80, n 377), genital organ defects (aRR 0·81; 95 % CI 0·72, 0·91, n 2299) and limb defects (aRR 0·81; 95 % CI 0·74, 0·90, n 3409). Protective associations were also suggested for NTD, respiratory system defects and digestive system defects although CI included the null value of 1. During the full study period, statistically significant associations between supplement use and defects in the eye, ear–face–neck, heart or oral clefts were not observed.
Granularity of Corporate Debt
Authors: Choi Jaewon , Hackbarth Dirk , Zechner Josef 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study whether firms spread out debt-maturity dates, which we call granularity of corporate debt. In our model, firms that are unable to roll over expiring debt need to liquidate assets. If multiple small asset sales are less inefficient than a single large one, it can be optimal to diversify debt rollovers across time. Using a large sample of corporate bond issuers during the 1991–2012 period, we establish novel stylized facts and evidence consistent with our model’s predictions. There is substantial heterogeneity (i.e., firms have both concentrated and dispersed debt structures). Debt maturities are more dispersed for larger and more mature firms and for firms with better investment opportunities, higher leverage, and lower profitability. During the recent financial crisis, firms with valuable investment opportunities implemented more dispersed maturity structures. Finally, firms manage granularity actively and adjust toward target levels.
CONSUMPTION AND LIVING STANDARDS IN BUENOS AIRES. CONSUMER BASKETS AND INCOME BETWEEN THE LATE COLONIAL AGE AND THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors: Santilli Daniel 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBased on primary sources, baskets of consumption for Buenos Aires are reconstructed for the 1780-1820 period, applying current international methodologies. They build on previous work based on 1835 data. It can be seen that the consumption pattern did not vary substantially in the period and, considering the salary of both urban and rural workers, we are able to establish that standards of living were high and experienced a significant increase after 1835, especially during the 1840s. This placed Buenos Aires among the cities of the Western world with highest welfare ratio levels.
Reopening Pandora's Box in Search of a WTO-Compatible Industrial Policy? TheBrazil–TaxationDispute
Authors: Ornelas Emanuel , Puccio Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe critically assess the Appellate Body (AB) report on theBrazil–Taxationdispute, taken to the World Trade Organisation by the European Union and Japan, and encompassing seven different Brazilian industrial programmes granting tax benefits to different firms and products. The trigger of the dispute was most likely the automotive sector programme, instituted under pressure from the local industry and without much attention to effects on consumers or imports. The resulting WTO case underscores some salient issues related to the WTO compatibility of subsidy programmes, in particular the application of the National Treatment rules to subsidies provided exclusively to domestic producers, and the identification of local content requirements, prohibited under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM). The AB diverged from the Panel report and its jurisprudence on those issues. The AB tried to reconcile the existence of legitimate eligibility criteria in subsidy programmes and their discriminatory features with WTO rules under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the SCM. However, the legal test, developed by the AB in this dispute to distinguish prohibited local content requirements from legitimate eligibility criteria, may facilitate circumvention of the SCM prohibition of local content requirements and have important impacts on trade flows.
The Gordian Knot of Disposition Theory
Authors: Grizzard Matthew , Huang Jialing , Ahn Changhyun , Fitzgerald Kaitlin , Francemone C. Joseph , Walton Jess 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Morally ambiguous characters are often perceived to challenge Zillmann’s affective disposition theory of drama. At the heart of this challenge is the question: “To what extent can liking be independent of character morality?” The current study examines this question with a 2 (Disposition: Positive vs. Negative) × 3 (Character Type: Hero, Antihero, Villain) between-subjects factorial experiment that induces variance in liking and morality. We assess the influence of these orthogonal manipulations on measured liking and morality. Main effects of both manipulations on the measured variables emerged, with a significant correlation between measures. Regression analyses further confirm that liking is associated with perceived morality and vice versa. Because variance in morality was induced by the liking manipulation and variance in liking was induced by the morality manipulation, the assumptions of disposition theory regarding morality and liking seem accurate. Future research directions are provided that may help reconcile and integrate the seeming challenge of morally ambiguous characters with affective disposition theory.
Negativity Wins at Last
Authors: Kümpel Anna S. , Unkel Julian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. A number of studies show that user comments on news websites can affect news-related judgments and perceptions. However, with news organizations increasingly shifting their comment sections to social network sites (SNS), questions arise about whether this alters previously observed effects. Instead of encountering comments “below the line,” SNS provoke a reversed direction of exposure, suggesting that comments might be read before the news article. Addressing the implications of this shift in direction of exposure, we conducted a preregistered experiment with German participants ( N = 630), in which we varied comment presentation order (before vs. after the article) and comment valence (positive vs. negative) and assessed how these factors influence the way individuals perceive the journalistic quality of commented news articles. The data provide evidence for a negativity bias and presentation order effects, with negative comments showing distinct effects on quality perceptions, particularly when presented after the article.
H3K79me2/3 controls enhancer–promoter interactions and activation of the pan-cancer stem cell marker PROM1/CD133 in MLL-AF4 leukemia cells
Authors: Godfrey Laura , Crump Nicholas T. , O’Byrne Sorcha , Lau I-Jun , Rice Siobhan , Harman Joe R. , Jackson Thomas , Elliott Natalina , Buck Gemma , Connor Christopher , Thorne Ross , Knapp David J. H. F. , Heidenreich Olaf , Vyas Paresh , Menendez Pablo , Inglott Sarah , Ancliff Philip , Geng Huimin , Roberts Irene , Roy Anindita , Milne Thomas A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMLL gene rearrangements (MLLr) are a common cause of aggressive, incurable acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) in infants and children, most of which originate in utero. The most common MLLr produces an MLL-AF4 fusion protein. MLL-AF4 promotes leukemogenesis by activating key target genes, mainly through recruitment of DOT1L and increased histone H3 lysine-79 methylation (H3K79me2/3). One key MLL-AF4 target gene is PROM1, which encodes CD133 (Prominin-1). CD133 is a pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein that represents a potential pan-cancer target as it is found on multiple cancer stem cells. Here we demonstrate that aberrant PROM1/CD133 expression is essential for leukemic cell growth, mediated by direct binding of MLL-AF4. Activation is controlled by an intragenic H3K79me2/3 enhancer element (KEE) leading to increased enhancer–promoter interactions between PROM1 and the nearby gene TAPT1. This dual locus regulation is reflected in a strong correlation of expression in leukemia. We find that in PROM1/CD133 non-expressing cells, the PROM1 locus is repressed by polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) binding, associated with reduced expression of TAPT1, partially due to loss of interactions with the PROM1 locus. Together, these results provide the first detailed analysis of PROM1/CD133 regulation that explains CD133 expression in MLLr ALL.
Novel HADHB mutations in a patient with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency
Authors: Nakama Mina , Sasai Hideo , Kubota Mitsuru , Hasegawa Yuki , Fujiki Ryoji , Okuyama Torayuki , Ohara Osamu , Fukao Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe encountered a patient with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency in whom the corresponding mutations were not identified by a DNA panel for newborn screening for targeted diseases. After diagnosis confirmation by an enzyme assay and immunoblotting using the autopsied liver, the re-evaluation of the panel data indicated a heterozygous deletion of exons 6–9 that was later confirmed at the genomic level. cDNA analysis also identified exonization of the 5′ region of intron 9 caused by a deep intronic mutation, c.811 + 82A>G.
Coexistence of nontrivial topological properties and strong ferromagnetic fluctuations in quasi-one-dimensional A2Cr3As3
Authors: Xu Chenchao , Wu Ninghua , Zhi Guo-Xiang , Lei Bing-Hua , Duan Xu , Ning Fanlong , Cao Chao , Chen Qijin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSuperconductivity in crystals without inversion symmetry has received extensive attention due to its unconventional pairing and possible nontrivial topological properties. Using first-principles calculations, we systemically study the electronic structure of noncentrosymmetric superconductors A2Cr3As3 (A = Na, K, Rb, and Cs). Topologically protected triply degenerate points connected by one-dimensional arcs appear along the C3 axis, coexisting with strong ferromagnetic (FM) fluctuations in the non-superconducting state. Within random phase approximation, our calculations show that strong enhancements of spin fluctuations are present in K2Cr3As3 and Rb2Cr3As3 and are substantially reduced in Na2Cr3As3 and Cs2Cr3As3. Symmetry analysis of pairing gap Δ(k) and spin–orbit coupling gk suggest that the arc surface states may also exist in the superconducting state, giving rise to possible nontrivial topological properties.
Study loading capacties of air pollutant emissions for developing countries: a case of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Ho Bang Quoc , Vu Khue Hoang Ngoc , Nguyen Tam Thoai , Nguyen Hang Thi Thuy , Ho Dung Minh , Nguyen Hien Nhu , Nguyen Thuy Thi Thu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHo Chi Minh City (HCMC) is one of the cities in developing countries where many concentrations of air pollutants exceeded the Vietnam national technical regulation in ambient air quality including TSP, NOx, Ozone and CO. These high pollutant concentrations have destroyed the human health of people in HCMC. Many zones in HCMC can’t receive more air pollutants. The objectives of this research are: (i) Air quality modeling over HCMC by using the TAPM-CTM system model by using a bottom up air emission inventory; and (ii) Study loading capactities of air pollutant emissions over Ho Chi Minh City. Simulations of air pollution were conducted in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the largest city of Vietnam by using the TAPM-CTM model. The model performance was evaluated using observed meteorological data at Tan Son Hoa station and air quality data at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Science. The model is then applied to simulate a retire 1-year period to determine the levels of air pollutants in HCMC in 2017, 2025 and 2030. The results show that the highest concentrations of CO, NO2, and O3 in 2017 exceeded the National technical regulation in ambient air quality (QCVN 05:2013) 1.5, 1.5, and 1.1 times, respectively. These values also will increase in 2025 and 2030 if the local government does not have any plan for the reduction of emissions, especially, SO2 in 2030 also will be 1.02 times higher than that in QCVN 05:2013. The emission zoning was initially studied by calculating and simulating the loading capacities of each pollutant based on the highest concentration and the National technical regulation in ambient air quality. The results show that the center of HCMC could not receive anymore the emission, even needs to reduce half of the emission. Under the easterly prevailing wind in the dry season, the high pollution was more likely to be experienced in the west of Ho Chi Minh. In contrast, the eastern regions were the upwind areas and the pollutants could transport to the downwind sectors. It was recommended that the best strategy for emission control in HCMC is avoiding industrial and urban development in the upwind areas to achieve better air quality for both areas. In the case of necessity to choose one area for development, the downwind sector is preferred. The results show that TAPM-CTM performed well as applied to simulate the air quality in HCMC and is a promising tool to study the emission zoning.