bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of equine antisera with high neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sapkal Gajanan , Yadav Anil , Deshpande Gururaj Rao , Yadav Pragya D. , Deshpande Ketki , Phagiwala Darpan , Jain Rajlaxmi , Shete Anita , Gupta Nivedita , Ponnuru Sampath , Palakurthi Kamala , Paradkar Vikram , Abraham Prof. Priya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The pandemic of COVID -19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is leading to a humongous impact on the mankind with over a million people succumbing to it worldwide. Although there are few drugs approved for the treatment, there is not yet a safe and effective vaccine available for COVID-19. Also, the passive immunization therapy with convalescent plasma, though potentially an effective treatment option for other viral disease has limitation of availability. The prior use of immunoglobulins generated in animals has proven to be effective in several viral and bacterial diseases. Here, we report the development and evaluation of equine hyper immune globulin raised against inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus. Post immunization neutralization titres of the equines demonstrated high neutralizing antibodies. To minimize the adverse effects, the immunoglobulins were digested with pepsin, and purified to obtain the F(ab’)2 fragments. The average nAb titre of the purified bulk was 22,927 and correlated with high IgG binding efficiency in ELISA. The quality control assessments of the different batches proved to have consistent nAb titres. The study provides evidence of the potential of generating highly purified F(ab’)2 from equines against SARS-CoV-2 that can demonstrate consistent and high neutralization activity. Further, in-vivo testing for efficacy of this indigenously developed, cost effective product will pave the way to clinical evaluation.
Severity scores in COVID-19 pneumonia: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study
Authors: Artero Arturo , Madrazo Manuel , Fernández-Garcés Mar , Miguez Antonio Muñoz , García Andrés González , Vieitez Anxela Crestelo , Guijarro Elena García , Aizpuru Eva María Fonseca , Gómez Miriam García , Manrique María Areses , Cilleros Carmen Martinez , Moreno María del Pilar Fidalgo , Amigo Jose Loureiro , Sánchez Ricardo Gil , Pejenaute Elisa Rabadán , Vázquez Lucy Abella , Navarro Ruth Cañizares , Marquínez Marta Nataya Solís , Sánchez Francisco Javier Carrasco , Moraleja Julio González , Rivas Lorena Montero , Sevilla Joaquin Escobar , Escalante María Dolores Martín , Gómez-Huelgas Ricardo , Ramos-Rincon Jose-Manuel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIdentification of patients on admission to hospital with Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia who can develop poor outcomes have not yet ben comprehensively assessed.ObjectiveTo compare severity scores used for community acquired pneumonia to identify high-risk patients.DesignPSI, CURB-65, qSOFA and MuLBSTA, a new score for viral pneumonia, were calculated on admission to hospital to identify high-risk patients for in-hospital mortality. Area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC), sensitivity and specificity for each score were determined and AUROC were compared among them.ParticipantsPatients with COVID-19 pneumonia included in the SEMI-COVID-19 Network.Key resultsWe examined 10,238 patients with COVID-19. Mean age of patients was 66.6 years and 57.9% were males. The most common comorbidities were: hypertension (49.2%), diabetes (18.8%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12.8%). Acute respiratory distress syndrome (34.7%) and acute kidney injury (13.9%) were the most common complications. In-hospital mortality was 20.9%. PSI and CURB-65 showed the highest AUROC (0.835 and0.825, respectively). qSOFA and MuLBSTA had a lower AUROC (0.728 and 0.715, respectively). qSOFA was the most specific score (specificity 95.7%) albeit its sensitivity was only 26.2%. PSI had the highest sensitivity (84.1%) and a specificity of 72.2%.ConclusionsPSI and CURB-65, specific severity scores for pneumonia, were the best scores for COVID-19 pneumonia and were better than qSOFA and MuLBSTA. Additionally, qSOFA, the simplest score to perform, was the most specific albeit the least sensitive.
Coping with Depression and Anxiety in Egyptian Physicians during COVID-19 ‎Pandemic
Authors: Khalaf Ola Osama , Khalil Mohamed A. , Abdelmaksoud Reham 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pandemic is a public health ‎emergency with negative impact on mental health. Health care workers are one of the most vulnerable groups to psychological stress ‎in Pandemics especially COVID -19. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the depression, stress and coping among a sample of Egyptian Physicians using an electronic survey was sent. It included demographic data, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS).Results: We found that the majority of the sample were females (61.2%), medical specialties (51.2%) and (‎92.4‎ %) were living with vulnerable family members. The majority (63%) suffered from severe or extremely severe depression, 77.6% had extremely severe anxiety and 72% suffered from stress. BRCS showed that only 17.1% had high resilient coping. Female physicians were significantly higher in the depression, anxiety and stress scales of DASS than male physicians (p= 0.001, ‎<0.001 and ‎<0.001 respectively). Anxiety scale was significantly higher in those with chronic diseases (p= 0.040) while the stress scale was lower significantly in those with higher academic degree (p= 0.034). Age had significantly negative correlation with DASS anxiety (p= 0.031) and stress scores (p= 0.037). The BRCS score had significantly negative correlation with the depression, anxiety and stress scales of DASS (p= 0.018, ‎0.014 and ‎0.007 respectively). Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the psychological well-being of the studied Egyptian physicians. Prophylactic measures should be implemented to avoid development of psychiatric symptoms in physicians.
Energy Efficiency and the Role of Financial Development, Trade Openness and Technological Innovation: Exploring the Dynamic Linkages for Pakistan
Authors: Nasreen Samia , Anwar Sofia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The study explores the dynamic linkages among financial development, trade openness, technological innovation and energy efficiency in Pakistan utilizing cointegration tests, Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) and Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model for the period 1980-2017. The results of Johansen cointegration show that variables ae cointegrated. The robustness of cointegration relationship is confirmed by applying Gregory-Hansen structural break cointegration. The empirical findings imply that financial development and technological innovation positively and significantly stimulate energy efficiency while trade openness and economic growth negatively and significantly impact on energy efficiency in long-run. The DAG results explain the evidence of causality from financial development, trade openness, technological innovation and economic growth to energy efficiency. The results of forecast error variance decomposition from SVAR model describe that technological innovation has greater impact on energy efficiency in short-term but its impact gradually decreases with the extension of forecast period. On contrary, the promotion effect of financial development and trade openness on energy efficiency increase gradually over time and become highest in long-run. This finding underlines the relevance of technological innovation and trade openness to policy makers in order to achieve energy efficiency in Pakistan.
Neglected tarlov cysts: A case of a tarlov cyst with spermatorrhea.
Authors: Sun Pan , Xu Wangbing , Ye Yongxiang , Zhong Faming , Wan Xuan , Li Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Tarlov cysts are a commonly misdiagnosed condition, which can present with many rare symptoms. We report a case of a tarlov cyst with spermatorrhea, and review the pertinent literature.Case presentation: A 42-year-old male patient had a history of spermatorrhea for >10 years, but was incorrectly diagnosed as the patient and the doctors consistently mistook the symptoms for a genitourinary disease. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that two cysts in the sacral canal. The diagnosis was tarlov cyst. We performed surgery to remove the cyst and the symptoms of spermatorrhea disappeared after operation.Conclusions: This case demonstrates that orthopedics and urologists should improve their understanding of tarlov cysts in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
Role of Radiology in Pica Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Yurdaisik Isil 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Pica syndrome is a mental disorder defined as eating non-food and not-nutritive substances at least for 1 month. The diagnosis of pica syndrome is based on severe anemia which is not compatible with the developmental level, intestinal obstructions, or several conditions depending on content of the substance intaken such as lead poisoning etc. The diagnosis of pica syndrome requires active involvement of pediatrics, psychiatrists, radiologists and patients/family members. Case Presentation: In this report, we present a 50-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and radiologically diagnosed with pica syndrome. Patient’s physical and laboratory investigations were normal, while all abdominal tomography revealed hyper-density areas. It was found in the detailed history of the patient that she was receiving psychiatric therapy and had habit of eating cigarette ashes. Upon this, cigarette ashes soaked in water were radiologically examined, similar hyper-density areas were found, and the diagnosis of pica syndrome was established. Conclusion: This case is the third case of eating cigarette ashes pica presented in the literature, and the first case diagnosed radiologically.
Impacts of interpersonal distancing on-board trains during the COVID-19 emergency: case studies and viewpoints from industry, consultancies and public transportation companies in Italy
Authors: Coppola Pierluigi , Fabiis Francesco De 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The emergency from COVID-19 and the cities lockdown have had a strong impact on transportation sector. Travel demand, in particular, registered an unprecedented overall contraction, especially in passenger transportation which has dramatically dropped down with peaks of less 90%-95%. In the re-opening phase, travel demand is gradually resuming the levels before the crisis, but some structural changes are observed both in travel behavior and in transportation supply.This paper aims at giving a contribution to the undergoing debate by presenting the results of a study to forecast the impacts of keeping an interpersonal distancing of one-meter between passengers on board (sub-urban and high-speed) trains. The results of the study have been shared and discussed with a panel of chief executives of industries, consultancies in the mobility sector and Public Transportation (PT) companies. It has emerged that interpersonal distancing and the reduced level of capacity on board vehicles are seen as effective to prevent the contagion, but are perceived as not sustainable due to the induced increase in operating costs. This is confirmed by the simulation carried out during the study which have showed the need of new urban policies not only limited to the transportation domain (e.g. changes in the times of schools, commerce and industries) in order to manage the demand peaks at the stations and on-board vehicles.
Multimodal wheeled vehicles construction of forest for forestry Vietnam
Authors: Фам Н.Л. 
Published: September 2020

Статья посвящена обоснованию формирования рационального состава МТП лесохозяйственных предприятий Вьетнама применением многооперационных лесных колесных машин многомодульного построения. В качестве объектов исследований рассматриваются машины многомодульного построения, создаваемые на базе распространенных универсальных колесных тракторов традиционной компоновки. Многомодульное построение технических средств является перспективным направлением. Оно дает возможность на базе ограниченного количества энергетических модулей и небольшого количества технологических модулей формировать множество многооперационных колесных лесных машин различного функционального назначения. Применение данных машин во Вьетнаме вызвано сложным многообразием природно-производственных условий заготовки и восстановления леса. Основными достоинствами применения колесных машин многомодульного построения являются улучшение структуры МТП за счет расширения их функциональных возможностей, повышение машинизации технологических процессов всех видов работ, сокращение инвестиций на приобретение технических средств и снижение эксплуатационных затрат на их содержание. Учитывая перспективность многомодульного построения лесных колесных машин, рекомендуется формировать на их основе структуру машинно-тракторных парков предприятий лесного хозяйства Республики Вьетнам.
Article seeks to substantiate the formation of rational structure of the MTP forestry enterprises in Vietnam using multi-operational forest wheeled vehicles multimodal construction. The objects of research are considered a multi-machine build, created on the basis of common purpose wheeled tractors traditional layout. Construction of a multi-hardware is a promising direction. It gives the opportunity on the basis of a limited number of power modules and a small number of process modules to form a plurality of multi- operational wheeled forest machines for various applications. The use of these machines in Vietnam due to complicated variety of natural and production conditions of preparation and restoration of forests. The main advantages of the construction of a multi-wheeled vehicles is to improve the structure of the MTP due to expanded capabilities, increased mechanization of technological processes of all types of work, a reduction in investment in the purchase of hardware and reduce operating costs for their maintenance. Given the prospect of building a multi-forest-wheeled vehicles, it is recommended to form the basis of their structure of the machine and tractor parks forestry enterprises of the Republic of Vietnam.
Tocotrienols Activate Nrf2 Nuclear Translocation and Increase the Antioxidant- Related Hepatoprotective Mechanism in Mice Liver
Authors: Atia Ahmed , Alrawaiq Nadia S. , Abdullah Azman 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The most common preparation of tocotrienols is the Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction
(TRF). This study aimed to investigate whether TRF induced liver Nrf2 nuclear translocation and
influenced the expression of Nrf2-regulated genes.

Methods:
In the Nrf2 induction study, mice were divided into control, 2000 mg/kg TRF and diethyl
maleate treated groups. After acute treatment, mice were sacrificed at specific time points. Liver nuclear
extracts were prepared and Nrf2 nuclear translocation was detected through Western blotting. To
determine the effect of increasing doses of TRF on the extent of liver nuclear Nrf2 translocation and its
implication on the expression levels of several Nrf2-regulated genes, mice were divided into 5 groups
(control, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg TRF, and butylated hydroxyanisole-treated groups). After 14 days,
mice were sacrificed and liver RNA was extracted for qPCR assay.

Results:
2000 mg/kg TRF administration initiated Nrf2 nuclear translocation within 30 min, reached a
maximum level of around 1 h and dropped to half-maximal levels by 24 h. Incremental doses of TRF
resulted in dose-dependent increases in liver Nrf2 nuclear levels, along with concomitant dosedependent
increases in the expressions of Nrf2-regulated genes.

Conclusion:
TRF activated the liver Nrf2 pathway resulting in increased expression of Nrf2-regulated
cytoprotective genes.
Effect of Oil Extract from Microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) on the Viability and Apoptosis of Human Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Sahin Deniz 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor type that starts in bone and occurs most
frequently in adolescents. Traditional techniques are insufficient, especially for metastatic ones. As alternative
treatment techniques, natural products are worthy of examining due to being safe and innovative.
Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, have various positive
effects on human health and growth. In addition, some PUFAs show anti-cancer activity by inducing
apoptosis, specifically in cancer cells.

Objective:
Here, the study aims to investigate the time and dose-dependent effects of oil extract from
Schizochytrium sp. against the osteosarcoma cell line.

Materials and Methods:
Human Fetal Osteoblast Cells (hFOB) and osteosarcoma cells (SAOS-2)
were treated with different concentrations of fatty acid samples. GC-FID was performed for fatty acid
composition analysis of Schizochytrium sp. MTT-cell viability and Annexin V-apoptosis assays were
performed to investigate the time and dose-dependent effects of the samples on cell lines.

Results:
Oil extract sample has specific activity against SAOS-2 cancer line and decreases cell proliferation especially at
high dose treatments. Apoptosis assay results indicate that the oil extract sample causes a significant increase in the number
of apoptotic cells in SAOS-2 cell line (71.7% of SAOS-2 cells), which shows its selective activity against bone cancer cell
line as a natural anti-cancer molecule.

Conclusion:
It was observed that Schizochytrium sp. extract has a time and dose-dependent ability to induce apoptosis specifically in SAOS-2 cells.
Anti-Cancer Effect of Melatonin via Downregulation of Delta-like Ligand 4 in Estrogen-Responsive Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Rajabi Ali , Saber Ali , Pourmahdi Mahsa , Emami Ali , Ravanbakhsh Reyhaneh , Khodavirdipour Amir , Khodaei Mehran , Akbarzadeh Molood , Abdolahi Sepehr , Hosseinpourfeizi Mohammad Ali , Safaralizadeh Reza 
Published: September 2020

Background:The Notch signaling pathway has a key role in angiogenesis and Delta-Like Ligand 4 (DLL4) is one of the main ligands of Notch involved in cell proliferation in sprouting vessels.Objective:In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of DLL4 in primary breast tumors and to examine the effect of melatonin on DLL4 expression in vitro.Methods:Eighty-five breast tumor and paired adjacent non-tumor tissue samples were collected. Apoptosis assay was performed on breast cancer cells to evaluate melatonin effects. Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR were used to measure DLL4 expression. Then, we investigated the effect of melatonin on the expression of DLL4 in four breast cancer cell lines at RNA and protein levels. We also performed Probabilistic Neural Network analysis to study genes closely associated with DLL4 expression.Results:Our results showed a significantly higher expression of DLL4 in tumor tissues as compared to non-tumor tissues (P = 0.027). Melatonin treatment substantially attenuated DLL4 expression in BT474 and MCF-7 cells, but not in SK-BR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Also, melatonin induced apoptosis in all four cell lines. Network analysis revealed a set of 15 genes that had close association and interaction with DLL4. DLL4 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues as compared to the non-tumor tissues.Conclusion:It can be concluded that melatonin treatment attenuated DLL4 expression only in estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells and is able to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
Physical Activity Level and Motor Aptitude: Motor Domains and Identification Capacity of Brazilian Insufficiently Active Older Adults
Authors: Andreis Lucia M. , de Aguiar Lemos Fernando , de Lima Silva Lorenna W. , Garcia Cassiana L. P. , Veras Gabrielli , Neto Francisco R. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
A decrease in the physical activity level in old age is common, which results
in an increase in the number of falls and chronic conditions. Associated with that occurs the
decline in motor skills as a result of the deficit in the interaction of cognitive and motor processes.
Physical activity levels can be associated differently with each motor domain.

Objective:
We analyzed the relationship between physical activity level and motor aptitude and to
identify which motor domains were most sensitive to detect insufficiently active level in older
adults.

Methods:
385 elderly people of both sexes participated in the study. For the evaluation of the subjects,
the International Questionnaire on Physical Activity and the Motor Scale for Older Adults
were adopted.

Results:
The majority of the elderly were active. In comparing motor aptitude between active and
insufficiently active (IAC) elders a significant difference was found in the Global Coordination,
Balance, Body Scheme and General Motor Aptitude. From the analysis of the Area Under the
Curve (AUC), we verified that these domains also were the ones that presented adequate diagnostic
accuracy to identify IAC elderly. Besides that, active elderly have presented the General Motor Aptitude
classified within normality while the IAC below the normal.

Conclusion:
Our data suggest that IAC older adults present lower motor aptitude than the active
elderly, especially in the domains of Global Coordination, Balance, Body Scheme and General Motor
Aptitude, and that these domains were sensitive to indicate IAC older adults.
Penyakit Infeksi Menular Seksual di Kota Batam
Authors: Madgalena Maria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sexually Transmitted Infectious Diseases (STIs) are diseases transmitting through sexual contact with clinical manifestations of abnormalities, especially in the genitals. Batam City as one of the industrial, trade and tourism areas poses a risk to the emergence of sexually transmitted infections. This research is to elicit the description of STIs in the Batam City using a comparative analytical technique from the data of HIV/ AIDS and IMS Online Information System of Batam City 2017 The results revealed that the distribution of STI cases was found more in women than men. A total of 0.93% out of 860 cases were found in untreated women. While 1.67% out of 120 cases were found in untreated men. The distribution of STIs were found higher in women and men aged 25-49 years compared with other age groups. Statistical test results showed that data were normally distributed with a value of p> 0.05 meaning there are no relationship between STIs cases in women or men and between cases treated in women and men.
Keywords: STDs, cases , treated cases
Abstrak
Penyakit Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) adalah penyakit yang timbul atau ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual dengan manifestasi klinis berupa timbulnya kelainan terutama pada alat kelamin. Kota Batam sebagai salah satu daerah industri, perdagangan dan pariwisata menimbulkan risiko terhadap timbulnya penyakit infeksi menular seksual. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran penyakit infeksi menular seksual di wilayah Kota Batam. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah studi analitik komparatif dengan membandingkan data kasus IMS yang ditemukan dan kasus IMS yang diobati berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelamin. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari laporan data Sistem Informasi HIV/AIDs dan IMS Online Kota Batam Tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran kasus IMS ditemukan pada perempuan lebih besar dibandingkan laki-laki. Sebanyak 0,93% (8 kasus) dari 860 kasus ditemukan pada perempuan tidak diobati di tahun 2017. Sedangkan 1,67% (2 kasus) dari 120 kasus ditemukan pada laki-laki tidak diobati. Sebaran penyakit IMS pada kelompok perempuan dan laki-laki dengan rentang umur 25-49 tahun ditemukan lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kelompok umur lainnya. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan data berdistribusi normal dengan nilai p> 0,05 sehingga dari uji statistik diketahui bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara kasus yang ditemukan pada perempuan maupun laki-laki dan tidak ada hubungan antara kasus yang diobati pada perempuan dan laki-laki.
Kata Kunci: IMS, kasus yang ditemukan, kasus diobati