bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extended travelling fire method framework for performance‐based structural design
Authors: Dai Xu , Welch Stephen , Vassart Olivier , Cábová Kamila , Jiang Liming , Maclean Jamie , Clifton George Charles , Usmani Asif 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis paper presents the extended travelling fire method (ETFM) framework, which considers both energy and mass conservation for the fire design of large compartments. To identify its capabilities and limitations, the framework is demonstrated in representing the travelling fire scenario in the Veselí Travelling Fire Test. The comparison between the framework and the test is achieved through performing a numerical investigation of the thermal response of the structural elements. The framework provides good characterization of maximum steel temperatures and the relative timing of thermal response curves along the travelling fire trajectory, though it does not currently address a non‐uniform fire spread rate. The test conditions are then generalized for parametric studies, which are used to quantify the impact of other design parameters, including member emissivity, convective heat transfer coefficient, total/radiative heat loss fractions, fire spread rate, fire load density, and various compartment opening dimension parameters. Within the constraints of this study, the inverse opening factor and total heat loss prove to be the most critical parameters for structural fire design.
A large‐scale parallel hybrid grid generation technique for realistic complex geometry
Authors: Zhao Zhong , Zhang Yang , He Lei , Chang Xinghua , Zhang Laiping 
Published: February 2020

SummaryHigh‐Performance Computing (HPC) systems and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have made significant progress in recent years; however, as the basis of the large‐scale parallel computing, the massive grid generation of billions of cells has become a bottleneck problem. In this study, a parallel grid generation technique is proposed to generate large‐scale mixed grids with arbitrary cell types and scales. The basic idea of our method is analogous to the global mesh refinement technique. An initial coarse grid with arbitrary cell types is regarded as a background mesh which is partitioned into subzones, and subzones are assigned onto different CPU cores. After the cells and faces in each subzone are split, the inserted new points of the solid wall are projected onto the original CAD entities to preserve the geometry accurately. Finally, the tangled cells caused by the projection in the boundary layer are untangled by a local Radial Basis Function mesh deformation technique. Furthermore, a parallel partition approach and an efficient wall distance computing technique for massive grids are developed also to shorten the preprocessing time. The tests show that the preprocessing efficiency has been increased by two or three orders compared with traditional methods. Billions of grids are generated for the AIAA JSM high‐lift model and the Chinese CHN‐T1 transport model to test the ability of the parallel grid generation technique. The maximum scale up to 19 billion mixed elements is generated using 16 384 CPU cores in parallel, and the mesh quality is acceptable for CFD simulations.
Climatological summaries of Thomas Hughes’ meteorological data, for Stroud, UK (1775–1813)
Authors: Harrison Richard Giles , Harrison Barry C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThomas Hughes (1742–1813) kept a daily diary of weather and geoscience phenomena at Stroud in Gloucestershire, in the southern UK, between 1775 and 1813, following a short period of similar records made nearby from 1771. Data from the diary have previously been used in compiling the Central England Temperature series and to corroborate aurora sightings elsewhere in Europe. Recent historical research now confirms the suspected authorship of the diaries beyond doubt and strongly suggests that the pre‐Stroud records were made in south Gloucestershire. Here, summary tables of monthly data between 1771 and 1813 are presented for thunderstorm days, snow days, rain days, rainfall, surface air pressure and auroral nights. Consistency checks, both between the different measurements contained and with other contemporary measurements, provide confidence in the reliability of the meteorological and geophysical data which spans part of the Dalton Minimum in solar activity.
CD200 maintains the region‐specific phenotype of microglia in the midbrain and its role in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wang Le , Gong Xiaoli , Liu Yang , Du Tianshu , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Ting , Wang Xiaomin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicroglia are a specialized population of tissue macrophages in the mammalian brain. Microglial phenotype is tightly regulated by local environmental factors, although little is known about these factors and their region‐preferred roles in regulating local neuroinflammatory responses. We hypothesized that microglia in different brain regions respond differently to neuroinflammatory stimulation and that CD200, an anti‐inflammatory protein mainly originated from neurons, acts as a local cue inhibiting microglia activation in the midbrain. We utilized a CD200‐deficient mouse line to analyze the phenotypic role of CD200 in the regulation of normal neuron–microglia homeostasis in the midbrain and in the dopaminergic degeneration in an α‐synuclein overexpression model of PD. We found that systemic administration of an endotoxin lipopolysaccharide induced a region‐preferred change in CD200 expression in the midbrain. Similarly, CD200−/− mice showed a regional preference in an enhancement of microglia activation and baseline inflammatory levels in the midbrain and dopamine neuron loss in the substantia nigra (SN). In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by rAAV‐hSYN injection into the SN, CD200−/− mice showed more dopamine neuron loss in the SN than wild type mice. Activation of CD200 receptors with a CD200 fusion protein alleviated the neuroinflammation and neuronal death in the SN of PD mice. These findings demonstrate that CD200 is essential for the midbrain homeostasis and acts as a critical local regulator in controlling microglial properties related to the PD pathogenesis.
An alternative mechanism of early nodal clustering and myelination onset in GABAergic neurons of the central nervous system
Authors: Thetiot Melina , Freeman Sean A. , Roux Thomas , Dubessy Anne‐Laure , Aigrot Marie‐Stéphane , Rappeneau Quentin , Lejeune François‐Xavier , Tailleur Julien , Sol‐Foulon Nathalie , Lubetzki Catherine , Desmazieres Anne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn vertebrates, fast saltatory conduction along myelinated axons relies on the node of Ranvier. How nodes assemble on CNS neurons is not yet fully understood. We previously described that node‐like clusters can form prior to myelin deposition in hippocampal GABAergic neurons and are associated with increased conduction velocity. Here, we used a live imaging approach to characterize the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the assembly of these clusters prior to myelination. We first demonstrated that their components can partially preassemble prior to membrane targeting and determined the molecular motors involved in their trafficking. We then demonstrated the key role of the protein β2Nav for node‐like clustering initiation. We further assessed the fate of these clusters when myelination proceeds. Our results shed light on the intrinsic mechanisms involved in node‐like clustering prior to myelination and unravel a potential role of these clusters in node of Ranvier formation and in guiding myelination onset.
Modulation of amygdala reactivity following rapidly acting interventions for major depression
Authors: Loureiro Joana R. A. , Leaver Amber , Vasavada Megha , Sahib Ashish K. , Kubicki Antoni , Joshi Shantanu , Woods Roger P. , Wade Benjamin , Congdon Eliza , Espinoza Randall , Narr Katherine L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and ketamine treatment both induce rapidly acting antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder unresponsive to standard treatments, yet their specific impact on emotion processing is unknown. Here, we examined the neural underpinnings of emotion processing within and across patients (N = 44) receiving either ECT (N = 17, mean age: 36.8, 11.0 SD) or repeated subanesthetic (0.5 mg/kg) intravenous ketamine therapy (N = 27, mean age: 37.3, 10.8 SD) using a naturalistic study design. MRI and clinical data were collected before (TP1) and after treatment (TP2); healthy controls (N = 31, mean age: 34.5, 13.5 SD) completed one MRI session (TP1). An fMRI face‐matching task probed negative‐ and positive‐valence systems. Whole‐brain analysis, comparing neurofunctional changes within and across treatment groups, targeted brain regions involved in emotional facial processing, and included regions‐of‐interest analysis of amygdala responsivity. Main findings revealed a decrease in amygdalar reactivity after both ECT and ketamine for positive and negative emotional face processing (p < .05 family wise‐error (FWE) corrected). Subthreshold changes were observed between treatments within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and insula (p < .005, uncorrected). BOLD change for positive faces in the inferior parietal cortex significantly correlated with overall symptom improvement, and BOLD change in frontal regions correlated with anxiety for negative faces, and anhedonia for positive faces (p < .05 FWE corrected). Both serial ketamine and ECT treatment modulate amygdala response, while more subtle treatment‐specific changes occur in the larger functional network. Findings point to both common and differential mechanistic upstream systems‐level effects relating to fast‐acting antidepressant response, and symptoms of anxiety and anhedonia, for the processing of emotionally valenced stimuli.
Parietal memory network and default mode network in first‐episode drug‐naïve schizophrenia: Associations with auditory hallucination
Authors: Guo Qian , Hu Yang , Zeng Botao , Tang Yingying , Li Guanjun , Zhang Tianhong , Wang Jinhong , Northoff Georg , Li Chunbo , Goff Donald , Wang Jijun , Yang Zhi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAtypical spontaneous activities in resting‐state networks may play a role in auditory hallucinations (AHs), but networks relevant to AHs are not apparent. Given the debating role of the default mode network (DMN) in AHs, a parietal memory network (PMN) may better echo cognitive theories of AHs in schizophrenia, because PMN is spatially adjacent to the DMN and more relevant to memory processing or information integration. To examine whether PMN is more relevant to AHs than DMN, we characterized these intrinsic networks in AHs with 59 first‐episode, drug‐naïve schizophrenics (26 AH+ and 33 AH−) and 60 healthy participants in resting‐state fMRI. We separated the PMN, DMN, and auditory network (AN) using independent component analysis, and compared their functional connectivity across the three groups. We found that only AH+ patients displayed dysconnectivity in PMN, both AH+ and AH− patients exhibited dysfunctions of AN, but neither patient group showed abnormal connectivity within DMN. The connectivity of PMN significantly correlated with memory performance of the patients. Further region‐of‐interest analyses confirmed that the connectivity between the core regions of PMN, the left posterior cingulate gyrus and the left precuneus, was significantly lower only in the AH+ group. In exploratory correlation analysis, this functional connectivity metric significantly correlated with the severity of AH symptoms. The results implicate that compared to the DMN, the PMN is more relevant to the AH symptoms in schizophrenia, and further provides a more precise potential brain modulation target for the intervention of AH symptoms.
Vaginal cuff perforation during robotic‐assisted mesh recto‐sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Chavez Jacqueline , Finsterbusch Carlos , Olson Craig , Zimmern Philippe E 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionWe report on the management of intraoperative vaginal cuff perforation during robotic‐assisted mesh recto‐sacrocolpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse with defecatory dysfunction.Case presentationA 75‐year‐old woman with vaginal bulge and constipation was to undergo a joint robotic mesh recto‐sacrocolpopexy. Intraoperatively, mesh was secured to the left posterior vaginal wall following dissection. Prior to contralateral suture placement, the vaginal cuff split open and exposed an end‐to‐end anastomotic sizer previously inserted in the vagina. Due to subsequent mesh erosion risk, we proceeded with vaginotomy closure with running and interrupted absorbable sutures, removal of mesh, direct suture rectopexy to the promontory, and enterocele defect correction by reapproximating the right and left wings of the peritoneum flaps over the rectum with running sutures. Patient reported satisfactory outcomes after 2 years.ConclusionWe reviewed our experience with vaginal cuff perforation during robotic‐assisted mesh recto‐sacrocolpopexy prompting enterocele repair and rectopexy without mesh.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00630 promotes radio‐resistance by regulating BEX1 gene methylation in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Liu Feng , Huang Weifeng , Hong Jinsheng , Cai Chuanshu , Zhang Weijian , Zhang Jianrong , Kang Zhenming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the relation between long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINCE00630 and radio‐resistance and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Relative expression of LINC00630, BEX1, and DNMT3B in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and clinical samples was determined by real‐time PCR. Prognosis in respect of LINC00630 expression was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier survival curve. LINC00630 and BEX1 were specifically silenced by shRNAs. Cell viability and growth were analyzed by MTT and clonogenic assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was measure by both caspase‐3 activity and flow cytometry. Association between EZH2 with LINC00630 and BEX1 promoter was determined by RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation. BEX1 and DNMT3B proteins were quantified by Western blot. We demonstrated the elevated LINC00630 correlated with radio‐resistance and poorer prognosis in CRC. Knockdown of LINC00630 significantly improved the sensitivity of CRC cells to irradiation. Mechanistically, LINC00630 in complex with EZH2 negatively regulated BEX1 through promoter DNA methylation. BEX1 silencing greatly restored the cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis, which were elicited by LINC00630 deficiency in response to irradiation. Our data uncovered the contribution of elevated LINC00630 to radio‐resistance in CRC, which was predominately mediated by epigenetically repressed BEX1.
Effects of Odanacatib on Bone Structure and Quality in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: 5-Year Data From the Phase 3 Long-Term Odanacatib Fracture Trial (LOFT) and its Extension
Authors: Recker Robert , Dempster David , Langdahl Bente , Giezek Hilde , Clark Seth , Ellis Graham , de Villiers Tobias , Valter Ivo , Zerbini Cristiano AF , Cohn Dosinda , Santora Arthur , Duong Le T 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Odanacatib (ODN), a selective oral inhibitor of cathepsin K, was an investigational agent previously in development for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this analysis, the effects of ODN on bone remodeling/modeling and structure were examined in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven, Phase 3, Long-term Odanacatib Fracture Trial (LOFT; NCT00529373) and planned double-blind extension in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. A total of 386 transilial bone biopsies, obtained from consenting patients at baseline (ODN n = 17, placebo n = 23), month 24 (ODN n = 112, placebo n = 104), month 36 (ODN n = 42, placebo n = 41), and month 60 (ODN n = 27, placebo n = 20) were assessed by dynamic and static bone histomorphometry. Patient characteristics at baseline and BMD changes over 5 years for this subset were comparable to the overall LOFT population. Qualitative assessment of biopsies revealed no abnormalities. Consistent with the mechanism of ODN, osteoclast number was higher with ODN versus placebo over time. Regarding bone remodeling, dynamic bone formation indices in trabecular, intracortical, and endocortical surfaces were generally similar in ODN-treated versus placebo-treated patients after 2 years of treatment. Regarding periosteal modeling, the proportion of patients with periosteal double labels and the bone formation indices increased over time in the ODN-treated patients compared with placebo. This finding supported the observed numerical increase in cortical thickness at month 60 versus placebo. In conclusion, ODN treatment for 5 years did not reduce bone remodeling and increased the proportion of patients with periosteal bone formation. These results are consistent with the mechanism of action of ODN, and are associated with continued BMD increases and reduced risk of fractures compared with placebo in the LOFT Phase 3 fracture trial. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Diagnostic and prognostic values of anti‐helicobacter pylori antibody combined with serum CA724, CA19‐9, and CEA for young patients with early gastric cancer
Authors: Gong Xuyang , Zhang Heng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the value of anti‐helicobacter pylori (Hp) antibody, serum carbohydrate antigen (CA)‐724, CA19‐9, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of young patients with early gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 200 young patients with gastric cancer from April 2014 to December 2015 were enrolled. A total of 206 patients with gastritis and 204 healthy subjects were also selected. Gastric cancer patients were followed up for 3 years, and the number of recurrences, metastasis, and death was recorded.ResultsThe positive rate of anti‐Hp antibody, CA724, CA19‐9, and CEA in young patients with early gastric cancer were significantly higher than those in gastritis and healthy subjects (P < .05), and was positively correlated with tumor stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis (P < .05). The predicting model was as follows: Logit (P) = 26.433‐3.014(CA724)‐3.908(CA19‐9)‐0.303(CEA)‐2.208(anti‐Hp antibody, Positive = 1; Negative = 0). This model had a high value in identifying young patients with early gastric cancer with AUC of 0.918, and the estimated probability was .806. Compared to patients with negative anti‐Hp antibody and low serum levels of CA724, CA19‐9, and CEA, the recurrence rate, metastasis rate, and mortality of patients with positive anti‐Hp antibody, high serum levels of CA724, CA19‐9, and CEA increased significantly (P < .05).ConclusionThis study indicated that anti‐Hp antibody combined with CA724, CA19‐9, and CEA had important value in the identification of young patients with early gastric cancer and were of great value in evaluating the risk of postoperative recurrence, metastasis, and death.
Persistent or incident hyperammonemia is associated with poor outcomes in acute decompensation and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Shalimar  , Rout Gyanranjan , Kumar Ramesh , Singh Achintya D , Sharma Sanchit , Gunjan Deepak , Saraya Anoop , Nayak Baibaswata , Acharya Subrat K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe effect of elevated ammonia on organ failures (OF), apart from hepatic encephalopathy, in patients with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unclear. We aimed to assess the effect of persistent or incident hyperammonemia on OF and outcomes in patients with AD and ACLF.MethodsA total of 229 patients with ACLF and 83 with AD were included. Arterial ammonia was measured on day 1 and day 3 of admission. Persistent or incident hyperammonemia was defined as a level of ≥79.5 μmol/L on day 3. The changes in ammonia levels during the first 3 days were analyzed with respect to the complications and outcomes.ResultsAt admission, the median level of arterial ammonia was higher in ACLF compared to AD patients (103 vs 86 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Persistent or incident hyperammonemia was noted in 206 (66.0%) patients and was more frequent in ACLF compared to AD patients (70.7 vs 53.0%, P = 0.013). Patients with persistent or incident hyperammonemia, compared to those without it, developed a higher proportion of new‐onset OF during hospitalization involving liver (P = 0.018), kidney (P = 0.001), brain (P = 0.005), coagulation (P = 0.036), circulation (P = 0.002), and respiratory (P = 0.003) issues and had higher 28‐day mortality (log‐rank test, P < 0.001). After adjustment for chronic liver failure consortium ACLF score, persistent or incident hyperammonemia (hazard ratio, 3.174) was independently associated with 28‐day mortality. The presence of infection was an independent predictor of persistent or incident hyperammonemia.ConclusionPersistent or incident hyperammonemia during first 3 days of hospitalization in patients with AD or ACLF is associated with increased risk of OF and death.
Synthetic and antimicrobial studies of N‐substituted‐pyrazoline‐based new bisheterocycles
Authors: Nisa Shehneela , Yusuf Mohamad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the four series of N‐acetyl/N‐carbothioamide/N‐carboxamide/N‐phenyl‐based new bispyrazolines have been synthesized. These symmetrical bisheterocyclic products were prepared efficiently from the ring‐closure reactions of new bischalcones 2a‐d with appropriate cyclizing agents (hydrazine hydrate, thiosemicarbazide, semicarbazide, and phenyl hydrazine) under the alkaline ethanolic conditions. The compounds 2a‐d were obtained by treating hydroxyl‐substituted chalcone 1 with various dihalogenated reagents (α,α′‐dibromo‐o/m/p‐xylene and 4,4′‐bischloromethyl‐diphenyl) in anhydrous K2CO3/dry acetone/Bu4N+I− medium. The structures of all the newly synthesized products have been authenticated with the help of their IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and ESI‐MS spectral data and their purity was corroborated with the help of elemental analysis and thin‐layer chromatography results. The in vitro antimicrobial screening of the newly synthesized intermediates and final bisheterocycles has also been performed by using the serial tube dilution technique against the selected number of microorganisms. The final bisheterocycles revealed better antibacterial and antifungal potencies as compared to their corresponding bischalcones. Among the symmetrical bisheterocyclic products, N‐acetyl and N‐carbothioamide‐substituted bispyrazolines were found to exhibit potential antimicrobial properties than the other products.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of some new benzimidazole derivatives and biological evaluation
Authors: Bektaş Hakan , Sökmen Bahar B. , Aydın Sinem , Menteşe Emre , Bektaş Adile , Dilekçi Gamze 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new series of benzimidazole derivatives (1‐15) containing 1,2,4‐triazole, 1,3,4‐thiadiazole, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, and thiazolidinon rings have been synthesized. All new synthesized benzimidazole compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra, and LC‐MS, and they were examined for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Compounds 7 and 1 showed the highest and the lowest antioxidant activities, respectively. The lowest minimum inhibition concentration value found in compound 5 against Enterobacter aerogenes.