bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic Study Converting of Sound Pressure to Electricity with Arrangement of Sound Speaker using Thermoacoustic Technology
Authors: Irfan A R , Faiz C M N , Zarhamdy M Z M , Afizi S N , Azlida A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the suitability of a loudspeaker to be used as a linear alternator. The present study is intended to clarify experimentally that the ability of loudspeaker to detect a frequency of sound wave by applying the sound into a resonator with the different of length. The result of the experiment will determine the suitable length of resonator that give the best reading. The linear alternator is a linear motor which commonly used as an electrical generator. It is a type of alternating current electrical generator. The function of an alternator is to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. The linear alternator operate under the principle of electromagnetic induction. Unlike linear alternator, other alternator work in rotary motion while the linear alternator work in linear motion. Electromagnetic induction is a result of an electromotive force across an electrical conductor cause by the dynamic interaction with magnetic field. The data of the experiment was conducted based on the three length of resonator. Based on the experiment, all three resonator give the best reading when the operating frequency of 200 Hz was used. The peak to peak voltage recorded for 100 mm length was 776 mV while the peak to peak voltage recorded for 150 mm length was 824 mV. The last resonator give the reading of 776 mV. For the decibel reading, the 100 mm resonator give the reading of 100.2 dB. The resonator of 150 mm give reading of 98.5 dB and the 200 mm give decibel reading of 99.8 dB. For the experiment with heat engine, the highest peak to peak reading is 40.7 mV and the decibel reading is 110.9 dB.
A Construction Clearing House Framework for Managing Construction Knowledge and Best Practice
Authors: Ta’a Azman , Jamaludin Roslan , Haji Ahmad Azizah , Mohamed Elias Ezanee , Suhairi Abu Bakar Hanid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses a construction clearing house framework to bridge knowledge management gap in the Malaysian construction industry. A clearing house is an agreed upon mechanism for transferring knowledge, which includes a centralized repository of information and resources on a collection of specific topics that are accessible by interested stakeholders. The focus is on resolving the problem of managing domain knowledge of the construction industry in Malaysia, emphasizing on the knowledge management practices through the capturing and transferring of construction knowledge and best practices of the industry players. The knowledge management research framework used is improvised from the previous researchers, while the transfer and sharing of construction best practices is based on the adapted framework also proposed by the previous researchers. This paper briefly described five areas namely knowledge need analysis, knowledge inventory analysis, knowledge flow, knowledge mapping and the knowledge creation in clearing house framework for sharing/transfer of best practices. The construction knowledge and best practices clearing house framework would facilitate the development of a clearing house system in the future, which will enable players in the industry to both contribute and benefit from the resources contained in the clearing house system. This clearing house framework will enable knowledge management of governance inculcate a good environment for practicing conducive knowledge management through knowledge and best practices sharing in the Malaysian construction industry.
The Influence of the External and Internal Factors on the Adoption of the Performance measurement System in the Construction Industry in Yemen
Authors: Saeed Abdulwasea Hassan Abdulwadod , Nordin Norshahrizan , Anuar Azamin Adi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted for testing the hypothesis of the relationship between contingency and institutional variables and the adoption of the performance measurement system (PMS) in the construction industry in Yemen. These variables were ordered as external and internal contextual factors that facilitate or hinder the adoption of the modern managerial account systems such as PMS. A survey questionnaire was deployed in this study to gather the data from the largest construction firms representing classes 1, 2, and 3. Then, 104 were returned and usable questionnaires were used for the analysis by employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 0.3 software. The results show that the stakeholder involvement has the highest impact on the adoption of PMS whereas environmental uncertainty has no effect at all. In addition, leadership, information system, and quality management practices have significant positive effects, while the competition and strategy have significant but negative impacts on the adoption of PMS in construction firms in Yemen. Based on the findings, some implications have been drawn for promoting the adoption of performance measurement system in organizations in developing countries, including Yemen.
An Overview of Medical Applications in Meningitis Detection
Authors: Abdulrahman Ahmed Aiman , Zakaria Zulkarnay , Hamood Ali Marwah , Pusppanathan Jaysuman , Zarina Mohd Mhji Siti , Mohd Noor Anas , Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman Mohd , Khairul Ali Hassan Muhamad , Juhairi Aziz Safar Muhammad , Faizal Salleh Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Meningitis remains one of the common infections among young children with high morbidity and mortality rates. In Southeast Asian, only few studies were reported published which evaluated meningitis clinically in the last two decades. Similarly, few studies in Malaysia evaluated meningitis among adolescents and children. Globally, more than one million cases with 135,000 deaths has been recorded yearly, and in Malaysia, severe neurological complications occurs in 9-25% of cases which affirms the most serious risk manifests from bacterial meningitis. Therefore, early detection and effective treatment are required before the irreversible damages occur. This paper reviews the current states and perspectives of diagnostic techniques on meningitis detection. Currently, there are three diagnostic techniques available for meningitis detection, such as blood cultures, spinal tap (lumbar puncture), and imaging techniques (CT scan, MRI, EIT, Ultrasonography, Nuclear imaging and X-ray). However, these techniques have limitations that may limit the chances of carrying out the early detection of the disease. The essence of this review is that meningitis requires an effective technique that is capable of carrying out the early detection of the disease by differentiating normal people and Meningitis infected patients so as to promote longevity worldwide. In this review magnetic induction tomography (MIT) technique is proposed to diagnose meningitis earlier as it is non-intrusive, non-invasive, contactless, and electrode-less imaging technique which does not expose the patients to a harmful radiation.
Analysis on Behavior Grounding Electrode Resistance base on Profiling Method
Authors: Hashim N. H. , Arshad S. N. M. , Halim N. H. , Wooi C. L. , Ariffen AM , Anuar Aminudin , Aqilah Sofiyah Hasni Nur , Abu Bakar Osman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An earthing system or known as grounding system in an electrical installation where by the grounding system connects specific parts of that installation with the Earth’s conductive surface for safety and functional purposes. It is the process of transferring the immediate discharge with the aid of the low resistance wire of the electrical energy directly to the earth. It is really an important role playing in electrical system part as grounding system give protection during fault or lightning occur. In addition, grounding system also give protection for human electrical appliance and building from electrical shocks due to electrical fault or lighting occur. In this research will shows that to identify the best location to install the grounding electrode. This method is used on 10 x 10 meters which is 121 point will be investigated. The result of 0.3m, 0.6m, and 0.9m were analyzed using MATLAB software to produce profiling and shows the perfect location to install the Grounding system electrode.
Effect of Concrete Orientation as an Enhancement Material in Grounding System
Authors: Aqilah Sofiyah Hasni Nur , Nizam Md Arshad Syahrun , Md Ariffen Amizah , Helmei Halim Nasrul , Chin Leong Wooi , Izuan Fahmi Romli Muhammad , Abu Bakar Osman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo achieve an excellent grounding system, an alternative solution was developed by using enhancement material to modify the soil surrounding the rod. These materials can effectively reduce soil resistivity and grounding resistance for a better grounding system. To achieve this goal, the fundamental part must be taken into account. In this study, the main objective is to analyze different concrete orientations as enhancement material in the grounding system. A 3-D orientation of concrete has been designed using Finite Element Method (FEM) software to analyze the performance of the electric field in the grounding system with different orientation of concrete. Every orientation of concrete had been clarified into four different cases which are full concrete, half concrete, three-quarter concrete, and a quarter concrete. From the result, full concrete is the best orientation of concrete design to be employed at the grounding site as it has a low electric field compared to the other concrete orientation.
Electrochemical DNA Biosensor based on 30 nM Gold Nanoparticle Modified Electrode by Electro Less Deposition for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 18 E6 Region
Authors: Koo Siew Kim N. S. , Parmin N. A. , Hashim Uda , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Rejali Zulida , Afzan Amilia , Uda M.N.A , Afnan Uda M.N. , Hong V.C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a novel, simple, inexpensive, sensitive an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) integrated gold nanoparticle modified electrode by electro less deposition for HPV 18. The biosensor was designed with a 30 mer E6 region of HPV 18 DNA modified probe. The E6 region has been used for their clinical importance properties and suitable as recognition biomarker region. Three different target types were tested which complementary target, non-complementary target and mismatch target. All target were analyzed for detection of HPV 18 in early stages by using Dielectric Analyzer (DA), Alpha-A High-performance Frequency Analyzer, Novocontrol Technologies, Handsagen, Germany associated with the software package Windeta. Complementary target gives a positive result in HPV detection, while non-complementary and mismatch target give negative results. IDE device with 5 nm gap sizes has demonstrated a high performance towards the detection of HPV18 ssDNA target by modified with 30 nm gold nanoparticle. The electrochemical biosensor showed better performance compared to agarose gel electrophoresis assay. This technology can be used as a new and attractive sensor development for detection of virus infection in human bodies.
Characterization of Genome Sequence 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by using BioinformaticTool
Authors: Parmin N. A. , Hashim Uda , Hamidah A Halim N. , Uda M.N.A , Afnan Uda M.N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) became the seventh member in the family of Coronavirus that infect human. 2019-nCoV became the most severe virus compare to another family of coronavirus. Human airway ephitelial cells have been used to identify and isolate the virus before proceed to reverse trancriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Detailed biological knowledge is crucial for the development of effective countermeasures, diagnostic tests, vaccines and antiviral drugs against the 2019-nCoV. Conserved coding sequences within the spike glycoprotein region of open reading frame in the coronavirus genome was used as the basis to design oligonucleotide probe to detect the virus. Analyses on different strain of coronavirus sequences were done to check the percentage of similarity and consensus region that cause different strain of viruses. The biomarker needed an acceptable length between 22 and 31 mers. The choice of S gene region was identified and can be used as a biomarker probe for biosensor development. It has implications for coronavirus detection techniques in clinical and biosensor diagnostic system.
Immobilization of Cellulase from Trichoderma Reesei on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)
Authors: Yasmin Hasnol Azahari Natasha , Sandrakesaran Naresh , Chin Gaik Connie Cheah , Balakrishnan Kunasundari 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cellulase is an enzyme commonly used to break down cellulose to beta-glucose. The demand of cellulase has been arisen due to its extensive range of applications in the industries such as detergents, foods and biofuel production. In present study, cellulase from Trichoderma reesei was immobilized on a functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) by physical adsorption method. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to confirm the successful functionalization of MWCNTs and immobilization of cellulase. In this approach, effects of pH and temperature for both free and immobilized cellulase were evaluated. Practically, the immobilized cellulase showed an improvement in pH and thermal stability compared to free cellulase at optimum condition of 50°C and pH 5 with 12% and 8% of increments respectively. For reusability study on CMC analysis, the bionanoconjugate retained 60% of its initial activity even after 3rd cycle of analysis. This feature is beneficial to the industrial applications because of its potential to be easily separated from the end product at the end of the reaction, reuse for several times and helps in development of multiple enzyme reaction systems.
Surface Water Treatment Using Tamarind Seed as Coagulants via Coagulation Process
Authors: Zainol NA , Nasuha Mohd Fadli Nur 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The potential of natural coagulants is highly sought nowadays as the use of commercial coagulants, aluminum sulfate (alum) affect the environment negatively. An alternative coagulant is needed. In this study, the effectiveness of natural coagulant, the tamarind seed extract is being evaluated as a coagulant to measure the highest percentage removal of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the surface water. The surface water sample taken from the Sungai Perlis located in Kangar, Perlis. The sample were analysed using Jar Test Experimental works with rapid mixing speed of 120 rpm in 1 minutes, slow mixing speed of 30 rpm in 20 minutes and settling time of 1 hour. The tamarind seed is being extracted using distilled water and 1 M of sodium chloride (NaCI). Seed extract from distilled water effectively removes 99.2% of turbidity and 77.2% of COD with optimum coagulant dosage of 30 mg/L and optimal pH 5.0. While, the seed extracts from 1 M of NaCI can remove 99.4% of turbidity and 73.8% of COD with the optimum coagulant dosage of 30 mg/L and optimal pH 3.0. Hence, this study demonstrates the potentials of the seed extract of tamarind seeds using distilled water in treating the surface water.
Design Low Noise Voltage Amplifier for Hand-Held Electronic Reader
Authors: Afnan Uda M.N. , Bahari Jambek Asral , Hashim U. , Uda M.N.A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There are limited number of electrical based two type electrode electronic readers for biosensors are commercial available because of the noise issues and amplification at nano to pico ampere current range. This research is mainly focused on designing an active low pass filter circuit of electronic reader for biosensors. The entire circuits are comprised of a voltage converter circuit, active low pass filter circuit, voltage amplifier, microcontroller and display unit. The circuit capture, filter and amplify nano and pico ampere current convert it to detectable voltage range as an output signal to the processing circuit. NodeMCU was act as the process and control circuit to read the output voltage from the amplifier circuit. The signal generator will act as a replacement for the biosensor input current and oscilloscope will display the input and output signal. The Design Spark PCB software was used to design the voltage amplifier circuit. Arduino software was used to create a programming code to upload in NodeMCU microcontroller.
Harumanis Mango: Perspectives in Disease Management and Advancement using Interdigitated Electrodes (IDE) Nano-Biosensor
Authors: Uda M N A , Gopinath Subash C B , Hashim U , Hakimi Asyraf , Afnan Uda M N , Anuar Aminudin , Bakar M A A , Sulaiman M K , Parmin N A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The agriculture sector plays an important role in economic development in providing rural employment, uplifting rural incomes and ensuring national food security. Harumanis mango has been predominantly produced in the Perlis state of Malaysia, and it is the seasonal once-a-year. However, plant diseases became a serious issue that significantly affects both the quality and quantity of Harumanis mango production. The primary problem with Harumanis mango has experienced by farmers is a disease and the farmers are failed to complete the process of post-harvest for Harumanis mango. Further, in the case of Harumanis mango disease, the symptoms are often detected at the later stage, which makes it difficult to take any further action. Usually, the diseases are controlled by fungicides and the use of synthetic chemicals to eliminate the postharvest diseases and deterioration has their limit due to carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, environmental pollution, effects on food and other side-effects on humans. Up to date, the control of Harumanis mango disease is still challenging, although several studies have been conducted to eradicate and prevent its outbreak in the field. This overview is about Harumanis mango and the prospect in preventing a serious outbreak with Harumanis mango production using interdigitated electrodes (IDE) nano-biosensor.
The Study of Interfacial Reaction between SnAgCu (SAC) Lead-free Solder Alloys and Copper Substrate: A Short Review
Authors: Ying Tan Chi , Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh Mohd , Saud Norainiza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper is aimed to review and study the interfacial reaction between SnAgCu (SAC) lead-free solder alloys and common copper substrates. Among the lead-free solders, a ternary solder alloys, SnAgCu (SAC) based solder, is leading the lead-free solders as it has excellent thermal and electrical properties. The interfacial between solder alloy and substrate comprise an important characteristic in the reliability performance of a solder alloy. As the current industry has driven to miniaturization, high integration and multifunctionality, the reliability and durability of solder joints are gained attention for its long-term performance of electronic products. Therefore, in this short review, the interfacial reaction between SAC solder alloys and copper substrate will be focused. Besides, the effects of the addition of microalloying elements into SAC solder alloys will be discussed.
Optimization of Different Parameter in Synthesis Ion Imprinted Polymers via Precipitation Polymerization for Nitrate Adsorption
Authors: Ishak Noorhidayah , Chin Xin Teh , Mohamed Nasir Azalina , Siew Hoong Shuit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An important issue in synthesis of ion imprinted polymers (IIP) is optimization of the main parameters that involved during polymerization process as those parameters can influence the performance of IIP. In this study, IIP was synthesized by precipitation polymerization using allylthiourea (ATU) as monomer, nitrate as template ion, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinker, 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator with 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light and mixture of acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as porogenic solvent. The influences of various polymerization parameters in the synthesis of IIPs were investigated. The parameters studied included: ratio of monomer-template, amount of crosslinker and amount of porogenic solvent. These parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design CCD). Results showed that IIP with an optimum adsorption capacity of 156.233 mg/g of nitrate ion NO3
−) can be obtained under the following polymerization conditions: 3.90 mmol of ATU, 18.67 mmol of EGDMA and 38.30 mL of porogenic solvent. The nitrate imprinted polymer and non-imprinted polymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrograph showed microparticles ranging from 14.05 - 16.17 µm in diameter and the surface was rough and porous. The sorption of IIP followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. In this study, the binding capacity indicated that nitrate imprinted polymer recognized NO3
− in aqueous solution more effectively compared to non-imprinted polymer and this polymer particles potrayed better adsorption as compared other adsorbent
Performance of Galvanized – Steel and Copper Grounding Electrodes Using Bentonite and Coconut Husk Ashes as an Additives Material to Grounding System
Authors: Abu Bakar Osman , Nizam Md Arshad Syahrun , Md Ariffen Amizah , Helmi Halim NAsrul , Chin Leong Wooi , Izuan Fahmi Romli Muhammad , Aqilah Sofiyah Hasni Nur 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNatural enhancement material often uses to improve performance of the soil resistivity in grounding system. Due to the different soil condition, focus for effective grounding go to the soil itself. Soil resistivity, moisture content and surrounding environment contribute to the impedance of the grounding. The usage of material to enhance the grounding can be considering important to maintain the grounding system performance. There are several techniques used to treat the soil using chemical substance known as grounding enhancement material. This technique produces low resistivity to the grounding electrode however the soil become contaminated. This paper will discuss about the performance of coconut husk ashes and bentonite as natural enhancement material and method being used to evaluate the results.
Numerical Simulation of Biodiesel Synthesis in T- Channel Microreactor
Authors: Ahmad Termizi S.N.A. , Khor C Y , Nawi M A M , Syafiqah Binti Mohd Aris Nur , Ikman Ishak Muhammad , Rosli M U 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Biodiesel promising as an alternative to the diesel. The transesterification reaction process involved the reaction of triglyceride with alcohol in the presence of catalyst. In the research, the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method was used to simulate the transesterification reaction process. The inlet pressure range from 0.0001 Pa to 0.01 Pa, temperature of 25°C, 50°C, 75°C and the molar ratio at 6:1, 9:1 were used to investigate their effect of toward the biodiesel conversion. Finding shows that high conversion of biodiesel occurred at low inlet pressure of 0.001 Pa with temperature of 50°C and the ethanol to oil molar ratio at 9:1.