bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case series of high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention with rotational atherectomy under short-term mechanical circulatory support with TandemHeart in the setting of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Großekettler Leonie , Schmack Bastian , Katus Hugo A , Bekeredjian Raffi , Raake Philip 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
TandemHeart is a percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device, most commonly used to provide mechanical circulatory support during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention and postcardiotomy cardiac failure. However, TandemHeart has not been applied in patients with severe heart failure due to myocardial infarction during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention with the need for rotational artherectomy (RA) before, so we present a first-in-man case series.

Case summary
Three patients with severe HF[Please spell out HF, LA and MI (if necessary).] due to acute myocardial infarction revealed severely calcified lesions of the unprotected left main artery. We successfully used the TandemHeart as percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention with RA.

Discussion
We here report our experience and show that RA under TandemHeart mechanical circulatory support is feasible and safe in case of acute MI.
The Sermon as a Multimedial Instrument of Communication in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth During the Reformation and Counter-Reformation
Authors: Stančiene Dalia Marija 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
At the end of the sixteenth century, during the Christianization of Lithuania, sermons became one of the most important means of communication. As a medium, the sermon functioned through systems of codified sounds and symbols, as well as representing the institution of the Church for which it served as a means of broadcasting. Increased attention to the sermon was prompted by the desire of the Catholic Church to resist the Reformation and to preserve its spiritual monopoly. Martin Luther and Erasmus of Rotterdam underlined the importance of preaching, claiming that preaching the Gospels could improve society. The Jesuits instructed preachers not to limit themselves to religious matters alone but also to pay attention to social and political problems. There were two kinds of sermon: one for churchmen, preached in Latin; the other for lay people, in the vernacular. The Jesuits trained priests to preach in Lithuanian.
SLC38A8 mutations result in arrested retinal development with loss of cone photoreceptor specialization
Authors: Kuht Helen J , Han Jinu , Maconachie Gail D E , Park Sung Eun , Lee Seung-Tae , McLean Rebecca , Sheth Viral , Hisaund Michael , Dawar Basu , Sylvius Nicolas , Mahmood Usman , Proudlock Frank A , Gottlob Irene , Lim Hyun Taek , Thomas Mervyn G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve decussation defects and anterior segment dysgenesis is an autosomal recessive disorder arising from SLC38A8 mutations. SLC38A8 is a putative glutamine transporter with strong expression within the photoreceptor layer in the retina. Previous studies have been limited due to lack of quantitative data on retinal development and nystagmus characteristics. In this multi-centre study, a custom-targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) gene panel was used to identify SLC38A8 mutations from a cohort of 511 nystagmus patients. We report 16 novel SLC38A8 mutations. The sixth transmembrane domain is most frequently disrupted by missense SLC38A8 mutations. Ninety percent of our cases were initially misdiagnosed as PAX6-related phenotype or ocular albinism prior to NGS. We characterized the retinal development in vivo in patients with SLC38A8 mutations using high-resolution optical coherence tomography. All patients had severe grades of arrested retinal development with lack of a foveal pit and no cone photoreceptor outer segment lengthening. Loss of foveal specialization features such as outer segment lengthening implies reduced foveal cone density, which contributes to reduced visual acuity. Unlike other disorders (such as albinism or PAX6 mutations) which exhibit a spectrum of foveal hypoplasia, SLC38A8 mutations have arrest of retinal development at an earlier stage resulting in a more under-developed retina and severe phenotype.
Genetic risk factors of ME/CFS: a critical review
Authors: Dibble Joshua J , McGrath Simon J , Ponting Chris P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex multisystem illness that lacks effective therapy and a biomedical understanding of its causes. Despite a prevalence of ∼0.2–0.4% and its high public health burden, and evidence that it has a heritable component, ME/CFS has not yet benefited from the advances in technology and analytical tools that have improved our understanding of many other complex diseases. Here we critically review existing evidence that genetic factors alter ME/CFS risk before concluding that most ME/CFS candidate gene associations are not replicated by the larger CFS cohort within the UK Biobank. Multiple genome-wide association studies of this cohort also have not yielded consistently significant associations. Ahead of upcoming larger genome-wide association studies, we discuss how these could generate new lines of enquiry into the DNA variants, genes and cell types that are causally involved in ME/CFS disease.
Trend in morbidity and mortality in surgical aortic valve replacement: a retrospective, observational, single-centre study
Authors: Dimagli Arnaldo , Sinha Shubhra , Caputo Massimo , Angelini Gianni D , Benedetto Umberto 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Continuous improvement in the management of patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) may have considerably enhanced surgical outcomes including in-hospital mortality and perioperative complications. We aimed to analyse in-hospital mortality and morbidity trends in patients undergoing SAVR in a single centre to provide insights for future benchmarking for transcatheter aortic valve implantation indications.

METHODS
This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from patients undergoing either isolated SAVR or combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at the Bristol Heart Institute, UK, from January 2000 to December 2017. Baseline characteristics were extracted and analysed across 3 different eras (2000–2005, 2006–2011 and 2012–2017). Risk-adjusted time trend was obtained from univariate and multivariate logistic regression including all baseline characteristics.

RESULTS
A total of 2719 patients (63.2%) underwent isolated SAVR, and 1581 (36.8%) underwent combined CABG and SAVR during the study period. For patients undergoing SAVR, in-hospital mortality decreased from 2.9% in 2000–2005 to 0.7% in 2012–2017 (risk-adjusted time trend 0.0001). Hospital mortality in patients aged 75–79 and ≥80 years decreased from 5.6% and 5.3% to 0.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Mortality after combined SAVR and CABG did not significantly decrease (from 3.9% in 2000–2005 to 3.5% in 2012–2017; risk-adjusted time trend = 0.62). However, in patients aged ≥80 years, index hospitalization mortality showed a decreasing non-significant trend from 9.8% to 4.8%.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support the hypothesis that mortality and morbidity rates following SAVR have significantly improved over the years, including for patients at high risk.
Transitional Justice and Transitional Journalism: Case-Study on Kosovo
Authors: Sweeney James A , Andresen Kenneth , Hoxha Abit 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article documents the findings of an empirical project combining socio-legal and media studies, which examined journalists’ perceptions of their role in relation to transitional justice in Kosovo. Based upon the qualitative analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews with professional journalists in Kosovo during the summer of 2018, the article shows that key issues in the study of transitional justice appear in respect of what, building on notions of ‘peace journalism’, can be termed ‘transitional journalism’. Issues include the extent to which ‘transitional journalism’ is, or should be, a distinct ‘field’ at all; as well as debates about the relative priority to give to accountability, reconciliation, historical accounting, or victims’ rights within the practice of ‘transitional journalism’ at any given time. Identifying and engaging with these issues will allow greater agency in, and ownership of, decisions taken about ‘transitional journalism’.
Collective Discussion: Toward Critical Approaches to Intelligence as a Social Phenomenon
Authors: Ben Jaffel Hager , Hoffmann Alvina , Kearns Oliver , Larsson Sebastian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis collective discussion proposes a novel understanding of intelligence as a social phenomenon, taking place in a social space that increasingly involves actors and professional fields not immediately seen as part of intelligence. This discussion is a response to the inherent functionalism in Intelligence Studies (IS) that conceives of intelligence as a cycle serving policymakers. Instead, our interventions seek to problematize and break with this notion of the cycle and show what an alternative study of intelligence would look like. In the first part of the discussion, we situate our intervention in the broader fields of IS and International Political Sociology. Espousing a transdisciplinary approach, we build our four interventions as transversal lines cutting through a social space in which agents with differing stakes participate and reframe the meaning and practice of intelligence. Intelligence professionals not only have to reckon with policymakers, but also increasingly with law enforcement agents, representatives from the science and technology sector, judges, lawyers, activists, and Internet users themselves. Each move takes a step further away from the intelligence cycle by introducing new empirical sites, actors, and stakes.
Results from a 1-day workshop on the assessment of quality of life in cancer patients: a joint initiative of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Terada Mitsumi , Nakamura Kenichi , Martinelli Francesca , Pe Madeline , Mizusawa Junki , Eba Junko , Fukuda Haruhiko , Kiyota Naomi , Gatellier Laureline , Majima Yoshiyuki , Velikova Galina , Bottomley Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This report summarizes the presentations and discussion in the first Japan Clinical Oncology Group-European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life/Patient-Reported Outcome workshop funded by the National Cancer Center Hospital that was held on Saturday, 1 September 2018 in Tokyo, Japan. The infrastructure and understanding regarding the Quality of Life/Patient-Reported Outcome assessment of cancer patients in Japan is still immature, in spite of the increased demand for oncological Patient-Reported Outcome research felt not only by researchers but also by patients or other stakeholders of cancer drug development. The workshop aimed to share each perspective, common issues to be considered and future perspectives regarding the strong alliance between the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group and the Japan Clinical Oncology Group for Quality of Life/Patient-Reported Outcome research as well as explore the possibility of conducting collaborative research. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer is a leading international cancer clinical trials organization, and its Quality of Life Group is a global leader in the implementation of Quality of Life research in cancer patients. The three invited speakers from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group presented their perspective, latest methodology and ongoing projects. The three speakers from the Japan Clinical Oncology Group presented their current status, experience and some issues regarding data management or interpretation of the Patient-Reported Outcome data. The two patient advocates also shared their expectations in terms of advances in cancer research based on the Patient-Reported Outcome assessment. As the next steps after this workshop, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer have decided to cooperate more closely to facilitate Patient-Reported Outcome research in both the groups, and the Japan Clinical Oncology Group has approved the establishment of a new committee for Quality of Life/Patient-Reported Outcome research in Japan.
Incident Command in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Cook Jim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus was initially contained in China but rapidly spread across the globe. The grave threat was not apparent until it was already in our midst. Our organization implemented an Incident Command System (ICS), based on previous experience, to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in a comprehensive and effective manner. This well-known management and response framework is used by many specialties and organizations in disasters of different complexity and size. Our ICS was able to assemble the appropriate people, assess the situation, and develop and implement plans to deal with the COVID-19 crisis. The effectiveness of the ICS structure and its execution was instrumental in getting in front of the virus and managing regional activities. The ICS is an effective tool to improve safety and mitigate risk when dealing with large-scale disasters and should be implemented and practiced before the need arises.
Our organization implemented a formal Incident Command System (ICS) very early as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it recently disbanded, we are maintaining its core functionality and communication as we continue to deal with COVID-19 into the future. The author has observed the ICS being used at hospitals through hurricanes, blizzards, and riots but never saw it work as well as it did during the initial weeks of the pandemic. This group deftly navigated through uncharted waters by leveraging the spirit and structure of Incident Command.
The Effect of Sample Site, Illness Duration, and the Presence of Pneumonia on the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Real-time Reverse Transcription PCR
Authors: Sutjipto Stephanie , Lee Pei Hua , Tay Jun Yang , Mendis Shehara M , Abdad Mohammad Yazid , Marimuthu Kalisvar , Ng Oon Tek , Cui Lin , Chan Monica , Soon Margaret , Lin Raymond T P , Leo Yee-Sin , De Partha P , Barkham Timothy , Vasoo Shawn ,   National Centre for Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Outbreak Research Team, Ong Sean Wei Xiang , Ang Brenda Sze Peng , Lye David Chien , Lim Poh Lian , Lee Cheng Chuan , Ling Li Min , Lee Lawrence , Young Barnaby Edward , Lee Tau Hong , Wong Chen Seong , Sadarangani Sapna , Lin Ray , Ling Ng Deborah Hee , Sadasiv Mucheli , Chia Po Ying , Choy Chiaw Yee , En Tan Glorijoy Shi , Dimatatac Frederico , Santos Isais Florante , Go Chi Jong , Wen Yeo Tsin , Chan Yu Kit , Rao Pooja , Chia Jonathan W Z , Chen Constance Yuan Yi , Toh Boon Kiat 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The performance of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 varies with sampling site(s), illness stage, and infection site.

Methods
Unilateral nasopharyngeal, nasal midturbinate, throat swabs, and saliva were simultaneously sampled for SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR from suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19. True positives were defined as patients with at least 1 SARS-CoV-2 detected by rRT-PCR from any site on the evaluation day or at any time point thereafter, until discharge. Diagnostic performance was assessed and extrapolated for site combinations.

Results
We evaluated 105 patients; 73 had active SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, nasopharyngeal specimens had the highest clinical sensitivity at 85%, followed by throat, 80%, midturbinate, 62%, and saliva, 38%–52%. Clinical sensitivity for nasopharyngeal, throat, midturbinate, and saliva was 95%, 88%, 72%, and 44%–56%, respectively, if taken ≤7 days from onset of illness, and 70%, 67%, 47%, 28%–44% if &gt;7 days of illness. Comparing patients with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) vs pneumonia, clinical sensitivity for nasopharyngeal, throat, midturbinate, and saliva was 92% vs 70%, 88% vs 61%, 70% vs 44%, 43%–54% vs 26%–45%, respectively. A combination of nasopharyngeal plus throat or midturbinate plus throat specimen afforded overall clinical sensitivities of 89%–92%; this rose to 96% for persons with URTI and 98% for persons ≤7 days from illness onset.

Conclusions
Nasopharyngeal specimens, followed by throat specimens, offer the highest clinical sensitivity for COVID-19 diagnosis in early illness. Clinical sensitivity improves and is similar when either midturbinate or nasopharyngeal specimens are combined with throat specimens. Upper respiratory specimens perform poorly if taken after the first week of illness or if there is pneumonia.
Taking an Evidence-Based Approach to Evidence-Based Policing Research
Authors: Boulton Laura , Phythian Rebecca , Kirby Stuart , Dawson Ian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA growing body of international evidence reflects the increasing recognition of evidence-based policing (EBP) and the co-production of research, yet the extent of which such research is being implemented remains unclear. This study seeks to explore the efficacy of EBP in relation to practical implementation issues and assess the impact research is having on practice, both within and external to a specific Constabulary. Twenty-nine research studies, conducted in association with the Constabulary, were examined using a mixed-method approach. Of the total projects, 52% of projects were found to have generated a change to practice or policy. The key features of research that were associated with impact included: (i) mixed-method data collection, (ii) transferability, and (iii) increased dissemination that engaged practitioner and academic audiences. Practically, these findings suggest that EBP research projects can be designed and disseminated in a way that increases the likelihood of implementing the findings to change practice.
Mechanisms of Network Formation in the Public Sector: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Siciliano Michael D , Wang Weijie , Medina Alejandra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article provides a systematic review of the network formation literature in the public sector. In particular, we code and categorize the theoretical mechanisms used in empirical network research to motivate collaboration and tie formation. Based on a review of the 107 articles on network formation found in 40 journals of public administration and policy from 1998 to 2019, we identify 15 distinct theoretical categories. For each category, we describe the theory, highlight its use in the literature, and identify limitations and concerns with current applications. Overall, we find that most studies rely on a similar set of general theories of network formation. More importantly, we find that most theoretical mechanisms are not well specified, and empirical tests are often unable to directly assess the specific underlying mechanism. The results of our review highlight the need for our field to embrace experimental designs, develop panel network datasets, and engage in more network-level research.
Neural fatigue due to intensive learning is reversed by a nap but not by quiet waking
Authors: Nelson Aaron B , Ricci Serena , Tatti Elisa , Panday Priya , Girau Elisa , Lin Jing , Thomson Brittany O , Chen Henry , Marshall William , Tononi Giulio , Cirelli Chiara , Ghilardi M Felice 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDo brain circuits become fatigued due to intensive neural activity or plasticity? Is sleep necessary for recovery? Well-rested subjects trained extensively in a visuo-motor rotation learning task (ROT) or a visuo-motor task without rotation learning (MOT), followed by sleep or quiet wake. High-density electroencephalography showed that ROT training led to broad increases in EEG power over a frontal cluster of electrodes, with peaks in the theta (mean ± SE: 24% ± 6%, p = 0.0013) and beta ranges (10% ± 3%, p = 0.01). These traces persisted in the spontaneous EEG (sEEG) between sessions (theta: 42% ± 8%, p = 0.0001; beta: 35% ± 7%, p = 0.002) and were accompanied by increased errors in a motor test with kinematic characteristics and neural substrates similar to ROT (81.8% ± 0.8% vs. 68.2% ± 2.3%; two-tailed paired t-test: p = 0.00001; Cohen’s d = 1.58), as well as by score increases of subjective task-specific fatigue (4.00 ± 0.39 vs. 5.36 ± 0.39; p = 0.0007; Cohen’s d = 0.60). Intensive practice with MOT did not affect theta sEEG or the motor test. A nap, but not quiet wake, induced a local sEEG decrease of theta power by 33% (SE: 8%, p = 0.02), renormalized test performance (70.9% ± 2.9% vs 79.1% ± 2.7%, p = 0.018, Cohen’s d = 0.85), and improved learning ability in ROT (adaptation rate: 71.2 ± 1.2 vs. 73.4 ± 0.9, p = 0.024; Cohen’s d = 0.60). Thus, sleep is necessary to restore plasticity-induced fatigue and performance.
Assembling the Local Politics of Noncitizenship: Contesting Access to Healthcare in Toronto-Sanctuary City
Authors: Landolt Patricia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe article presents a case study of precarious noncitizen healthcare politics based on participant observation and interviews conducted between 2009 and 2012, as well as on documentary evidence collected during this period and up to 2016. It examines how state regulations, social networks, cultural narratives, and discretion come together to assemble the terms of access to healthcare for migrant noncitizens. Analysis shows how local contestation over healthcare policies, procedures and delivery practices contribute to the production of the formal and substantive boundaries between and within citizenship and noncitizenship. The case study identifies how precarious legal status and illegality inform the regulatory incongruencies and discursive fragility of Canada’s liberal welcome for newcomers. It contributes to specifying the conceptual terrain of contemporary battles over the terms of membership for migrant noncitizens in the Global North.
Hate Speech and the Polarization of Japanese National Newspapers
Authors: MERKLEJN Iwona , WIŚLICKI Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 2016, the first anti-hate speech law in Japan was introduced against the backdrop of verbal attacks on ethnic Koreans who were targeted with particular force by radical right organizations in the early 21st century. We argue that while the role of social media in the proliferation of hate speech in Japan has received considerable attention, the coverage of hate speech and related issues in mainstream news media has not been sufficiently studied. This article offers an interdisciplinary analysis, grounded in media studies and in linguistics, of the positions of five national newspapers in public discourse about hate speech, discussed as a current issue in Japan from 2016 until mid-2018. We combine agenda-setting theory with discourse analysis of factual reporting in order to evaluate the Japanese media landscape, which, when scrutinized through the lens of the hate speech issue, reveals ideological polarization.