bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral Intuitions and Suicide Risk: Results from a National Sample of Icelandic Youth*
Authors: Silver Eric , Silver Jason R , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCombining insights from Moral Foundations Theory and the Durkheimian tradition, we examine the effects of moral intuitions on suicide risk. We argue that moral intuitions constitute a moral-regulative force that individuals bring with them into a range of socially structured settings and that influence their behavior independent of the structural forces in play in those settings. Focusing on Iceland, an economically advanced country with a largely secular and individualistic culture, and using data from a national sample of youth between the ages of 16 and 21 (N = 10,710), we find that group-oriented (binding) moral intuitions are associated with lower suicide risk while individual-oriented (individualizing) moral intuitions are associated with higher suicide risk. We also find an unexpected (non-linear) protective effect among respondents with strong individualizing moral intuitions, and some evidence that the effects of individualizing moral intuitions on suicide risk are conditioned by involvement in socially integrative relationships. Overall, our results suggest that the sociological study of suicide would be meaningfully improved by incorporating moral intuitions into the model.
Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Spermatogenesis—Lesson From Studies of Toxicant Models
Authors: Wang Lingling , Yan Ming , Wu Siwen , Mao Baiping , Wong Chris K C , Ge Renshan , Sun Fei , Cheng C Yan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Studies have shown that mammalian testes, in particular the Sertoli cells, are highly susceptible to exposure of environmental toxicants, such as cadmium, perfluorooctanesulfonate, phthalates, 2,5-hexanedione and bisphenol A. However, important studies conducted by reproductive toxicologists and/or biologists in the past have been treated as toxicology reports per se. Yet, many of these studies provided important mechanistic insights on the toxicant-induced testis injury and reproductive dysfunction, relevant to the biology of the testis and spermatogenesis. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that findings obtained from toxicant models are exceedingly helpful tools to unravel the biology of testis function in particular spermatogenesis, including specific cellular events associated with spermatid transport to support spermiogenesis and spermiation. In this review, we critically evaluate some recent data, focusing primarily on the molecular structure and role of microtubules in cellular function, illustrating the importance of toxicant models to unravel the biology of microtubule cytoskeleton in supporting spermatogenesis, well beyond information on toxicology. These findings have opened up some potential areas of research which should be carefully evaluated in the years to come.
The Cannabinoid Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Disrupts Estrogen Signaling in Human Placenta
Authors: Maia João , Almada Marta , Midão Luís , Fonseca Bruno M , Braga Jorge , Gonçalves Daniela , Teixeira Natércia , Correia-da-Silva Georgina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cannabis consumption is increasing worldwide either for recreational or medical purposes. Its use during gestation is associated with negative pregnancy outcomes such as, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, low birth weight, and increased risk of miscarriage, though the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Cannabis sativa main psychoactive compound, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is highly lipophilic, and as such, readily crosses the placenta. Consequently, THC may alter normal placental development and function. Here, we hypothesize alterations of placental steroidogenesis caused by THC exposure. The impact on placental estrogenic signaling was examined by studying THC effects upon the enzyme involved in estrogens production, aromatase and on estrogen receptor α (ERα), using placental explants, and the cytotrophoblast cell model BeWo. Aromatase expression was upregulated by THC, being this effect potentiated by estradiol. THC also increased ERα expression. Actions on aromatase were ERα-mediated, as were abolished by the selective ER downregulator ICI-182780 and dependent on the cannabinoid receptor CB1 activation. Furthermore, the presence of the aromatase inhibitor Exemestane did not affect THC-induced increase in ERα expression. However, THC effects on ERα levels were reversed by the antagonists of CB1 and CB2 receptors AM281 and AM630, respectively. Thus, we demonstrate major alterations in estrogen signaling caused by THC, providing new insight on how cannabis consumption leads to negative pregnancy outcomes, likely through placental endocrine alterations. Data presented in this study, together with our recently reported evidence on THC disruption of placental endocannabinoid homeostasis, represent a step forward into a deeper comprehension of the puzzling actions of THC.
Osteology and phylogeny of small-bodied hadrosauromorphs from an end-Cretaceous marine assemblage
Authors: Brownstein Chase Doran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe timing of non-avian dinosaur decline is one of the most debated subjects in dinosaur palaeontology. Dinosaur faunas from the last few million years of the Mesozoic appear far less diverse than those from earlier in the Cretaceous, a trend that could suggest non-avian dinosaur extinction occurred gradually. However, the limited nature of the latest Cretaceous dinosaur record outside western North America has obscured patterns in dinosaur diversity just before the extinction. Here, I describe two associated skeletons and several isolated fossils recovered from the New Egypt Formation of New Jersey, a latest Maastrichtian unit that underlies the K–Pg boundary. The larger skeleton appears to be a small-bodied adult from a lineage outside Hadrosauridae, the dominant group of these animals during the Maastrichtian, that persisted along the eastern coast of North America. Smaller specimens are identifiable as juvenile hadrosauromorphs. These results substantiate an important assemblage of herbivorous dinosaurs from the poorly-known Cretaceous of eastern North America. The marine depositional setting for these skeletons demonstrates that proposed ecosystem preferences among hadrosauromorphs may be biased by post-mortem transportation, and the adult skeleton has implications for assessing the proposed relictual nature of Late Cretaceous eastern North American vertebrates.
Thromboelastography Profiles of Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Yuriditsky Eugene , Horowitz James M. , Merchan Cristian , Ahuja Tania , Brosnahan Shari B. , McVoy Lauren , Berger Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
The rate of thromboembolic events among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 is high; however, there is no robust method to identify those at greatest risk. We reviewed thromboelastography studies in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 to characterize their coagulation states.

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Tertiary ICU in New York City.

Patients:
Sixty-four patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the ICU with thromboelastography performed.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Fifty percent of patients had a clotting index in the hypercoagulable range (clotting index > 3) (median 3.05). Reaction time and K values were below the lower limit of normal in 43.8% of the population consistent with a hypercoagulable profile. The median α angle and maximum amplitude (75.8° and 72.8 mm, respectively) were in the hypercoagulable range. The α angle was above reference range in 70.3% of patients indicative of rapid clot formation. Maximum amplitude, a factor of fibrinogen and platelet count and function, and a measure of clot strength was above reference range in 60.1% of patients. Thirty-one percent had thromboembolic events; thromboelastography parameters did not correlate with events in our cohort. Those with d-dimer values greater than 2,000 were more likely to have shorter reaction times compared with those with d-dimer levels less than or equal to 2,000 (4.8 vs 5.6 min; p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
A large proportion of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 have hypercoagulable thromboelastography profiles with additional derangements related to fibrinogen and platelet function. As the majority of patients have an elevated thromboelastography maximum amplitude, a follow-up study evaluating platelet aggregation would be instructive.
Lipofibromatosis-Like Neural Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Crumbach Laura , Descotes Françoise , Bringuier Pierre-Paul , Poulalhon Nicolas , Balme Brigitte , Juliet Tantot , Lopez Jonathan , Harou Olivier 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Lipofibromatosis-like neural tumors (LPF-NT) are soft tissue tumors characterized by a lipofibromatosis-like pattern, CD34/PS100 positivity, and recurrent NTRK1 gene rearrangement. It occurs mainly in pediatric patients or young adults. We report here, the first case of LPF-NT in a middle-aged adult initially misdiagnosed as a myoepithelial tumor. LPF-NT may have a locally aggressive course but no recurrence was seen after complete surgeries, whereas metastatic diseases remain exceptional.
Sexual function after tension-free vaginal tape procedure in stress urinary incontinence patients
Authors: Zhang Ye , Song Xiaochen , Kang Jia , Ma Yidi , Ma Congcong , Zhu Lan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate sexual function in women before and after tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) surgery for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods:
Between August 2014 and August 2018, 105 sexually active patients with SUI who underwent TVT surgery were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire Short Form (PISQ-12) was administered pre- and postoperatively. Statistical analyses were performed using paired-sample t tests.

Results:
The sexual function of 105 patients 1 year after the TVT procedure improved in 81 (77.1%) patients, remained unchanged in 18 (17.1%) patients, and deteriorated in 6 (5.7%) patients. The mean PISQ-12 score increased from 29.65 at baseline to 33.04 at the 1-year follow-up (P < 0.001). Improvement was prominent in the physical domain of the PISQ-12 (P < 0.001), but the emotional (P = 0.948) and partner-related (P = 0.915) domains showed no significant changes. The increase in the physical domain score caused the increase of the total PISQ-12 score. Compared with preoperative values, there was no significant change in the score of pain during sexual intercourse (P = 0.425) at 1 year after the TVT procedure. Women experienced less coital incontinence (P < 0.001), less fear of incontinence during intercourse (P < 0.001), and less negative emotional reactions (P < 0.001) during intercourse after the TVT operation than before the TVT operation.

Conclusions:
Sexual function was improved in patients with SUI after TVT surgery.
Supraorbital Neuralgia Associated With Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Patrinely J. Randall , Hamilton Kristy L. , Parke Robert B. , Patrinely James R. , Soparkar Charles N. S. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To identify the relationship between thyroid eye disease (TED) and supraorbital neuralgia (SON) and establish a reliable approach to the diagnosis and management of TED-associated SON.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 1,126 patients. Demographics, active and inactive phase status and duration, and reactivation rate were noted. TED clinical activity was determined using the vision, inflammation, strabismus, and appearance assessment system, and TED severity was classified using the European Group of Graves’ Orbitopathy system. Subtypes of periorbital pain were identified, and suspected SON was confirmed by supraorbital nerve block.

Results:
Of the study’s 1,126 patients, 935 (83%) were deemed “active” at some point during the follow up and 34 (3%) remained “active” at the study’s conclusion. Of the 2,251 eyes studied, 1,193 (53%) underwent orbital decompression. Of the 1,126 patients, 946 (84%) reported a retrobulbar “pressure” or “aching,” but a distinct, more debilitating pain suggestive of SON was reported in 91 (8%). All 91 patients were given a supraorbital nerve block, and all had complete pain resolution lasting from hours to weeks. Eighty-eight (97%) of the 91 patients with SON-type pain underwent orbital decompression compared to 496 (48%) of the 1,035 without SON-type pain (p < 0.00001). A difference was found in the rate of TED reactivation between those with SON-type symptoms (8%) as compared to those without (2%), p = 0.01.

Conclusions:
SON of uncertain etiology appears to be a previously underreported but significant pain associated with TED. Paradoxically, although the SON does not appear to be related to the type or severity of TED on standard rating scales, the presence of SON was found to be associated with increased likelihood of both orbital decompression and TED reactivation.
Effect of emergency department fibrinogen testing on survival of trauma patients receiving blood transfusions
Authors: White Nathan J. , Chien Diana , Hess John R. 
Published: July 2020

Fibrinogen is the first clotting factor to reach critically low levels during blood loss and its depletion is associated with coagulopathy, increased blood loss, transfusion requirements and mortality after trauma. However, direct measurements of fibrinogen concentration or function are not included in many Emergency Department (ED) trauma laboratory testing protocols. We hypothesized that including a test of fibrinogen concentration in the ED would be associated with increased survival for trauma patients requiring blood transfusions.
To test this hypothesis, we performed a single-centre retrospective study of the effect of a resulted fibrinogen concentration measurement performed in the ED on survival of trauma patients receiving blood transfusions within the first 4 h of their hospital arrival. Multivariate logistic regression was used test the effect of a fibrinogen test on hospital survival after adjusting for the influence of INR, injury severity, lowest recorded blood pressure and blood transfusion intensity defined as the number of red blood cell units transfused in the first 4 h or care.
Of 11 404 trauma registry individuals from 2016 to 2017, 843 (7.4%) received any blood transfusions within the first 4 h of ED care, of whom 635 (75.3%) had a documented fibrinogen concentration ordered and resulted. Multivariate logistic regression for hospital survival demonstrated a significant interaction effect between the presence of a fibrinogen test and transfusion intensity (Whole Model P < 0.0001, Interaction P = 0.035). Repeat analysis after stratifying for those individuals receiving more than 4 units of red blood cell units within 4 h of care found that the presence of a fibrinogen test was independently associated with survival only for those receiving more than 4 units [FIB test odds ratio for survival = 3.5 (1.0, 10.8), P = 0.03].
Fibrinogen testing in the ED may be a valuable addition to resuscitation of the trauma patient receiving significant blood transfusions.
Trends in pediatric skin cancer
Authors: Moustafa Danna , Neale Holly , Hawryluk Elena B. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of reviewTo inform pediatric providers of the clinical characteristics, underlying genetic drivers, and therapeutic options for skin cancer arising in childhood and adolescence.Recent findingsThe incidence of melanoma in pediatric patients has been declining in the past decades. Pediatric-specific diagnostic criteria should be utilized when assessing lesions concerning for melanoma to better account for the different presentations seen in pediatric disease compared with adults, such as an increased prevalence of amelanotic melanoma or frequent mimic of benign pediatric lesions. Pediatric melanoma often presents with a higher histopathologic stage and a higher Breslow depth as compared with adult melanoma. Pediatric nonmelanoma skin cancer including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are associated with genetic conditions and immunosuppression, both iatrogenic and inherited.SummaryMelanoma in pediatric patients often presents differently from conventional adult melanoma, including Spitz melanoma and melanoma associated with congenital melanocytic nevi. Pediatric patients with nonmelanoma skin cancers should be evaluated for predisposing risk factors. More research on therapeutic options for pediatric skin cancer is vital to understanding the tolerance and response of our pediatric patients to therapies that are more frequently utilized in adult disease.
Pediatric contact dermatitis: what's new
Authors: Tam Idy , Yu JiaDe 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) was once thought to be rare in children but recent studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of ACD is common and appears to be increasing in children. Current trends including toys, hobbies, and personal care products may play a role in potentially new allergen exposure or resurgence of certain allergens, making ACD a moving target in children.

Recent findings
ACD and atopic dermatitis can coexist and certain clinical features can help differentiate ACD from endogenous atopic dermatitis in children. It is important to consider ACD in children with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis or dermatitis with atypical distribution. Patch testing has become a more common practice in children. In 2018, the first expert consensus–derived pediatric baseline series consisting of 38 allergens was proposed to aid in the diagnosis of ACD in children. Comparing recent patch testing data in the pediatric population, the top allergens ubiquitously identified were nickel, cobalt, neomycin, Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru), fragrance mix I, fragrance mix II, methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone/ methylisothiazolinone, formaldehyde, and lanolin.

Summary
ACD is a common problem in children. Detection through patch testing, avoidance of offending allergens, and prevention of common allergens are the main focus of management of ACD in children.
Subepidermal Moisture and Pressure Injury in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Bates-Jensen Barbara M. , Reilly Sinead , Hilliard Carol , Patton Declan , Moore Zena 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE
To describe relationships between subepidermal moisture (SEM) and visual skin assessment of pressure injury (PI) in children.

DESIGN:
Prospective descriptive study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
Twenty-four participants aged 8 to 16 years recruited from a pediatric orthopedic unit in a children's hospital in Ireland.

METHODS:
Subepidermal moisture measured with the SEM scanner (Bruin Biometrics, Los Angeles, California) ranged from 0 to 7 picoFarads [pF], and visual observation of trunk and heels occurred daily for 3 days after admission to the unit and/or after surgery. Skin was assessed for discoloration categorized as blanchable erythema, stage 1 PI, or deep tissue injury (DTI). Any open wound PI was classified as stage 2, 3, 4, or unstageable. Demographic, medical, and pain data were collected. Chi-square test, t tests, analysis of variance, and regression were used to describe data and examine relationships.

RESULTS:
Participants were pediatric patients; 100% (n = 24) were white, 62% (n = 15) were female, 8 to 16 years of age (mean = 12.5 ± 2.5 years), and 29% (n = 7) had fractures and 71% (n = 17) surgery diagnoses. Blanchable erythema incidence was 21% (n = 5) and stage 1 PI incidence was 42% (n = 10); nearly all at heels. Deep tissue injury incidence was 4% (one sacral DTI). Stage 2 or greater PI incidence was 4% (one heel stage 2 PI). For skin that was assessed as normal in this pediatric population, SEM for trunk was 2.65 to 2.76 pF and for heels 2.37 to 2.41 pF. Subepidermal moisture for blanchable erythema and stage 1 PI was higher (range, 3.2-3.7 pF) and significant at trochanters and heels (left trochanter: P = .003; right trochanter: P = .02; right and left heels: P = .000). Nominal regression, controlling for participant and assessment day, showed SEM a predictor of erythema and stage 1 PI at heels. We also found that SEM was higher with pain (significant at sacrum and heels).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this pediatric population, SEM values over skin assessed as normal are lower than SEM values reported for normal skin in adults, 2.37 to 2.76 pF. Subepidermal moisture was significantly higher for blanchable erythema and stage 1 PI at trochanters and heels, and with the presence of pain at sacrum and heels. We recommend that SEM should be examined for detecting PIs in pediatric populations; SEM and pain should be explored in larger pediatric and adult populations.
Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Rectal Cancer Patient With an Ileostomy
Authors: Cerdán Santacruz Carlos , Lancharro Bermúdez Margarita , Caparrós Sanz María Rosario , Cerdán Miguel Javier 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) is a rare complication mainly associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Although it has also been found in patients with an ileostomy with rectal cancer, the best treatment options in this context have not been precisely elucidated.

CASE:
This case report describes the importance of a multidisciplinary treatment approach for a rare case of PPG around a protective ileostomy resulting from rectal cancer.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early diagnosis of PPG is imperative to avoid further extension of the lesion. Aggressive management with a multidrug treatment, both topical and systemic, is recommended in severe cases. Close monitoring of the response is necessary, given the variability in the effectiveness of the treatments.
QuoVidi: a open-source web application for the organisation of large scale biological treasure hunts
Authors: Lobet Guillaume , Descamps Charlotte , Leveau Lola , Guillet Alain , Rees Jean-François 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLearning biology, and in particular systematics, requires learning a substantial amount of specific vocabulary, both for botanical and zoological studies. While crucial, the precise identification of structures serving as evolutionary traits and systematic criteria is not per se a highly motivating task for students. Teaching this in a traditional teaching setting is quite challenging especially with a large crowd of students to be kept engaged. This is even more difficult if, as during the COVID-19 crisis, students are not allowed to access laboratories for hands-on observation on fresh specimens and sometimes restricted to short-range movements outside their home.Here we present QuoVidi, a new open-source web platform for the organisation of large scale treasure hunts. The platform works as follows: students, organised in teams, receive a list of quests that contain morphologic, ecologic or systematic terms. They have to first understand the meaning of the quests, then go and find them in the environment. Once they find the organism corresponding to a quest, they upload a geotagged picture of their finding and submit this on the platform. The correctness of each submission is evaluated by the staff. During the COVID-19 lockdown, previously validated pictures were also submitted for evaluation to students that were locked in low-biodiversity areas. From a research perspective, the system enables the creation of large image databases by the students, similar to citizen-science projects.Beside the enhanced motivation of students to learn the vocabulary and perform observations on self-found specimens, this system allows faculties to remotely follow and assess the work performed by large numbers of students. The interface is freely available, open-source and customizable. It can be used in other disciplines with adapted quests and we expect it to be of interest in many classroom settings.