bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidentally discovered Meckel's diverticulum: should I stay or should I go?
Authors: Tartaglia Dario , Cremonini Camilla , Strambi Silvia , Ginesini Michael , Biloslavo Alan , Paiano Lucia , Quilici Francesca , Castagna Maura , Di Saverio Salomone , Coccolini Federico , Chiarugi Massimo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the indication for surgical treatment of incidentally discovered Meckel's diverticulum (MD) on the basis of clinical and histological features.MethodsThe charts of patients undergoing surgery for MD were analysed. Two groups were identified: (1) patients who had incidentally discovered MD resected (incidental MD, IMD) and (2) patients who received first‐line surgery for a complicated MD (CMD). Demographics and intraoperative and post‐operative outcomes were compared. Histological findings were also analysed and compared.ResultsSixty‐five patients were included in the study. IMD was observed in 39 patients (60%), while CMD was observed in 26 (40%). Male gender was significantly more frequent in CMD (P = 0.020), and mean age was significantly higher in IMD (P = 0.025). Body mass index and the American Society of Anesthesiologists score >2 were similar in both groups. Laparoscopy was carried out in 36% of IMD and in 50% of CMD patients (P = 0.309). A tangential resection was performed in 92% of IMD and 73% of CMD patients (P = 0.07). No complications related to diverticular resection were found in IMD, while they occurred in 8% of CMD patients (P = 0.931). Meanly, diverticula were longer when complicated (P = 0.001). CMD showed significant histological differences and more frequent gastric ectopic mucosa (P = 0.039). A malignant tumour was incidentally found in IMD.ConclusionAs surgery is mandatory in CMD, the optimal management of IMD remains uncertain. Mucosal abnormalities may favour complications, but these cannot be identified before excision. Stapled diverticulectomy is safe and effective. A surgical approach to IMD may prevent complications at a very low cost.
Operative outcome of hernia repair with synthetic mesh in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Lee Lucas D. , Stroux Andrea , Nickisch Daniela , Wröbel Lea , Aschenbrenner Katja , Weixler Benjamin , Kreis Martin E. , Lauscher Johannes C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe safety of synthetic mesh in elective hernia repair in the setting of immunosuppression lacks national and international consensus. The aim of our analysis was to explore the effects of immunosuppression on the rates of wound complications.MethodsComparative analysis of immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with elective mesh repair of inguinal, femoral, primary ventral, incisional or parastomal hernia between January 2001 and December 2013. Immunosuppression included glucocorticoids, biologicals, chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Primary outcome parameter was mesh infection rate. Follow‐up questionnaires were completed in written form or by telephone interview.ResultsQuestionnaire response rate was 59.5% (n = 194) with a median follow‐up of 33 (interquartile range: 28–41) months. There were no differences between immunocompromised (n = 40, 20.6%) and immunocompetent patients (n = 154, 79.4%) based on hernia and patient characteristics. Immunosuppression was not associated with the rates of mesh infection (P = 1.000), surgical site infection (SSI, P = 0.330) or re‐operation for SSI (P = 0.365), but with higher rates (P = 0.007) and larger odds for hernia recurrence (odds ratio 3.264, 95% confidence interval 1.304–8.172; P = 0.012). Mesh infection also increased the odds for hernia recurrence (odds ratio 11.625; 95% confidence interval 1.754–77.057; P = 0.011). Only in the subset of ventral/incisional hernias, immunocompromised (n = 8, 40%) patients had higher recurrence rates than immunocompetent patients (n = 5, 11.6%; P = 0.017). Patients with SSI reported more frequently moderate to severe dysesthesia at the surgical site (P = 0.013) and would less frequently re‐consent to surgery (P = 0.006).ConclusionImmunosuppression does not increase the rate of wound infections after elective hernia repair with synthetic mesh. However, immunosuppression and mesh infection are risk factors for hernia recurrence.
Frontiers in hemodialysis: Innovations and technological advances
Authors: Basile Carlo , Davenport Andrew , Mitra Sandip , Pal Avishek , Stamatialis Dimitrios , Chrysochou Constantina , Kirmizis Dimitrios 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs increasing demand for hemodialysis (HD) treatment incurs significant financial burden to healthcare systems and ecological burden as well, novel therapeutic approaches as well as innovations and technological advances are being sought that could lead to the development of purification devices such as dialyzers with improved characteristics and wearable technology. Novel knowledge such as the development of more accurate kinetic models, the development of novel HD membranes with the use of nanotechnology, novel manufacturing processes, and the latest technology in the science of materials have enabled novel solutions already marketed or on the verge of becoming commercially available. This collaborative article reviews the latest advances in HD as they were presented by the authors in a recent symposium titled “Frontiers in Haemodialysis,” held on 12th December 2019 at the Royal Society of Medicine in London.
Multifunctional activity of vitamin E in animal and animal products: A review
Authors: Idamokoro Emrobowansan M. , Falowo Andrew B. , Oyeagu Chika E. , Afolayan Anthony J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVitamin E is an essential nontoxic fat‐soluble micronutrient whose effects on livestock performance and products can be attributed to its antioxidant and nonantioxidant properties. Although it is needed in small quantity in the diet, its roles in livestock production are indispensable as it is required in boosting performance, nutritional qualities, and yield of animal and animal products. The dietary or oral supplementation of vitamin E is essential in reducing lipid oxidation in muscle, egg, and dairy products as well as lowering cholesterol concentrations and improving antioxidant status of livestock. Evidence has shown that bioavailability of vitamin E–enriched animal products could serve as an invaluable nutritional benefit to consumers; especially those in regions of limited resources where vitamin E deficiencies pose a risk that may be detrimental to some cellular activities of the body and on human health. It is therefore important to redirect research on the impact of vitamin E supplementation as antioxidant on livestock performance and animal products.
Solidagenone from Solidago chilensis Meyen inhibits skin inflammation in experimental models
Authors: Valverde Simone S. , Santos Bruna Celeida S. , de Oliveira Temístocles B. , Gonçalves Guilherme C. , de Sousa Orlando V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSolidagenone (SOL) is a labdane‐type diterpenoid found in Solidago chilensis, a plant traditionally used to treat skin diseases, kidney pain and ovarian inflammation. In this study, the topical anti‐inflammatory activity of SOL was evaluated using in vivo and in silico assays. Croton oil‐, arachidonic acid (AA)‐ and phenol‐induced ear oedema mouse models were applied in the in vivo studies. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) activities and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined, as well as histopathological analyses were conducted. Interaction profiles between SOL and cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), glucocorticoid receptor, estradiol‐17‐β‐dehydrogenase and prostaglandin‐E(2)‐9‐reductase were established using molecular docking. SOL significantly inhibited croton oil‐, AA‐ and phenol‐induced ear oedema (P < .001) at doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ear. The MPO and NAG activities and TNF‐α, IL‐6 and NO levels were decreased (P < .001). The histopathological data revealed that inflammatory parameters (oedema thickness, leucocyte infiltration and vasodilatation) were reduced by treatment with SOL at doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ear. The docking study showed that SOL interacts with COX‐1 and prostaglandin‐E(2)‐9‐reductase through hydrogen bonding, inhibiting these enzymes. These results indicate that SOL may be a promising compound for the treatment of cutaneous inflammatory disorders and has potential as a topical anti‐inflammatory agent.
BioMar‐ACG: A successful partnership to inventory and promulgate marine biodiversity
Authors: Cortés Jorge , Joyce Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInitiated in 2015, the marine inventory of Área de Conservación Guanacaste (BioMar‐ACG) is rapidly advancing knowledge of biodiversity. Key aspects include synergizing with parataxonomists, barcoding specimens and making information available. After 85 years, 594 species were reported. Now, after four years, BioMar‐ACG documented 1,123 species, for a total of 1,479.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Pharmacogenetics for severe adverse drug reactions induced by molecular‐targeted therapy
Authors: Udagawa Chihiro , Zembutsu Hitoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMolecular‐targeted drugs specifically interfere with molecules that are frequently overexpressed or mutated in cancer cells. As such, these drugs are generally considered to precisely attack cancer cells, thereby inducing fewer adverse drug reactions (ADRs). However, molecular‐targeted drugs can still cause characteristic ADRs that, although rarely severe, can be life‐threatening. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to be able to predict which patients are at risk of developing ADRs after treatment with molecular‐targeted therapy. The emerging field of pharmacogenetics aims to better distinguish the genetic variants associated with drug toxicity and efficacy to improve the selection of therapeutic strategies for each genetic profile. Here, we provide an overview of the current reports on the relationship between genetic variants and molecular‐targeted drug‐induced severe ADRs in oncology.
Identification of three new compounds that directly target human serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2
Authors: Han Yanfang , He Liping , Qi Yifei , Zhao Yue , Pan Yue , Fang Bohuan , Li Sha , Zhang John Z. H. , Zhang Lujia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is an important drug target in the one‐carbon metabolic pathway, since its activity is critical for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. Additionally, it plays a prominent role during metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, and SHMT2 inhibitors have proven useful as anticancer drugs. Compared to drugs targeting one‐carbon metabolic enzymes (mainly dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase) that have been used for clinical treatment of cancer, efficient SHMT2‐specific inhibitors are lacking. Therefore, we established a direct system for virtual screening, protein expression, and identification of inhibitors targeting SHMT2. First, 27 compounds qualifying as potential SHMT2 inhibitors were selected for biological activity verification through virtual screening of the 210 thousand compounds registered in the Specs database. Second, these 27 hits were subjected to quick screening by an in vitro non‐competitive kinetic assay of SHMT2 single‐enzyme catalysis. This allowed us to identify three compounds featuring medium‐strength and non‐competitive inhibition of SHMT2: AM‐807/42004511 (IC50 = 14.52 ± 4.1665 μM), AM‐807/40675298 (IC50 = 12.74 ± 5.8991 μM), and AM‐807/42004633 (IC50 = 9.43 ± 0.5646 μM). We describe a quick screening method for the identification of inhibitors targeting SHMT2, providing a basis for subsequent identification and screening of new inhibitors.
Do Children and Adults Take Social Relationship Into Account When Evaluating People’s Actions?
Authors: Marshall Julia , Wynn Karen , Bloom Paul 
Published: August 2020

Two studies examined whether children (5‐ and 6‐year‐olds; 8‐ and 9‐year‐olds, n = 214) and adults (n = 72) consider social relationship when evaluating unhelpful or helpful actions. Participants learned about a person‐in‐need who was (or was not) helped by someone they knew (a friend) and someone they did not know (a stranger). Older children and adults judged an unhelpful friend as meaner than an unhelpful stranger, and judged a helpful stranger as nicer than a helpful friend. Younger children did not judge an unhelpful friend as any meaner than an unhelpful stranger, and they judged a helpful friend as nicer than a helpful stranger. These findings suggest that a mature appreciation of how social relationship matters for evaluation emerges relatively late in development.
Implant failures before and after peri‐implantitis surgery: A retrospective study on 207 consecutively treated patients
Authors: Jemt Torsten , Eriksson Julia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to report implant failures before and after peri‐implantitis surgery (P‐IS) and to compare the pattern of implant failures with in untreated at‐risk patients during the same period.Materials and MethodsA total of 5628 untreated at‐risk patients (7240 jaws) and 207 consecutively patients treated with P‐IS (212 jaws) were included in two groups. Implants were placed and followed‐up between 1986 and 2018. Cumulative survival rates (CSR) for patients treated with P‐IS after 2003 were calculated before and after P‐IS and compared with those for nontreated patients.ResultsThe overall 15‐year CSR was 91.2% (CI 95%; 90.5%‐91.9%) and 68.5%, (CI 95%, 62.1%‐75.5%) for untreated patients at risk and P‐IS patients, respectively (P < .05). The 10‐year CSR (baseline 1 year after implant surgery) was 97.2% (CI 95%, 95.2%‐100%) for treated patients before P‐IS which was comparable with that for untreated patients: 95.4% (CI 95%, 94.8%‐97.7%). The corresponding 10‐year CSR for P‐IS patients after surgery was significantly lower (71.6%: CI 95%, 63.1%‐81.3% (P < .05)).ConclusionCSR for patients/jaws without implant failures was comparable between untreated and treated P‐IS patients before, but lower for P‐IS patients after P‐IS (P < .05). A negative effect of P‐IS on implant survival after treatment cannot be disregarded.
Predictors for long‐term mortality in COPD patients requiring non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for the treatment of acute respiratory failure
Authors: Sprooten Roy T. M. , Rohde Gernot G. U. , Janssen Marlou T. H. F. , Cobben Nicolle A. M. , Wouters Emiel F. M. , Franssen Frits M. E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe effectiveness of non‐invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) in the management of COPD patients suffering from acute respiratory failure (ARF) as a consequence of exacerbation of the disease, is well established. However, data on long‐term outcomes and their predictors, including the individual response to NIV, are scarce.ObjectivesTo investigate predictors for short‐ and long‐term mortality in this study population.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed including all patients admitted to the Medium Respiratory Care Unit of Maastricht University Medical Center in Maastricht, the Netherlands, with hospitalized exacerbation of COPD (H‐ECOPD) with ARF requiring NIV for the first time between January 2009 and December 2011. An extensive number of potential predictors of outcomes, including the response to NIV, were determined on admission and during hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.ResultsSeventy‐eight consecutive patients with moderate to severe COPD (mean age 71.0 ± 10.7 years; 48.7% males) were included; In‐hospital, 1‐year and 2‐year mortality rates were 14.1%, 43.6% and 56.4%, respectively. Independent risk factors for 2‐year mortality were: advanced age (odds ratio(OR) 1.025; confidence interval (CI) 1.002‐1.049;P = 0.037), prolonged NIV use more than 8 days (OR:1.054;CI:1.006‐1.104;P = 0.027) and no successful response to NIV (OR:2.392;CI:1.297‐4.413;P = 0.005).ConclusionPatients with an H‐ECOPD requiring NIV for the first time, constitute a severely ill patient group with high in‐hospital and 2‐year mortality. This study identified advanced age, NIV use more than 8 days and unsuccessful response to NIV as clinical important independent predictors for long‐term mortality.
Role of a cardio‐renal multi‐disciplinary team meeting in managing cardiovascular risk in patients on kidney transplant waitlists
Authors: Junarta Joey , Fernandez Maria , Chung Isaac , Salha Ahmad , Klaud Francheska Bayiha D. , Lowe‐Jones Racquel , Sharma Rajan , Firoozi Sami , Banerjee Debasish 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWaitlisted kidney transplant patients suffer from excess cardiovascular events. The benefits of regular cardiac investigations, potentially harmful and expensive, are unknown. We investigate the effectiveness of a cardio‐renal MDT in managing high cardiovascular risk waitlisted transplant patients to prevent events and enable transplantation.MethodsClinical outcomes in waitlisted transplant candidates managed by our cardio‐renal MDT protocol were compared against our standard protocol. Data compared include the transplantation, event, and death rates, cost of cardiac investigations and procedures, and graft, patient survival, and re‐hospitalization rates in transplanted patients.Results207 patients were studied (81 standard, 126 cardio‐renal MDT). Over 2.7 years, the cardio‐renal MDT protocol transplanted more patients than the standard group (35% vs 21%; P = .02). The managing cost per patient per year was higher in the standard group (£692 vs £610). This was driven by more echocardiograms and more tests per patient in the standard group (P < .01). There was no difference in adverse events or death. There was no difference in re‐hospitalization, graft or patient survival rate in transplanted patients.ConclusionsOur cardio‐renal MDT was effective in managing high‐risk kidney transplant candidates with greater rates of transplantation and low rates of events at a lower cost.
Subgroups of adults who drink alcohol at low‐risk levels: Diverse drinking patterns and demography
Authors: Mugavin Janette , MacLean Sarah , Room Robin , Callinan Sarah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionA significant minority of Australians drink within the 2009 national guidelines. Despite encouragement of low‐risk drinking as opposed to consumption patterns associated with greater harm, little is known about the drinking patterns of this group. This paper identifies subgroups of low‐risk drinkers and their distinguishable characteristics.MethodsData were sourced from the 2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, specifically 8492 adults (18+) who consumed 1–730 Australian standard drinks (ASD; 10 g ethanol) in the past year, and never 5+ ASD on a single occasion. Cluster analysis enabled identification of subgroups from drinking variables. Drinking patterns, socio‐demographic characteristics, drinking context and alcohol‐related perceptions of subgroups were examined.ResultsThree subgroups were identified. Special occasion drinkers (64.6%) drank low to moderate amounts very infrequently. Regular moderates (19.6%) and Regular sippers (15.8%) drank 5–6 days a week on average, with the average number of ASD per day 1.2 and 0.5, respectively. Special occasion drinkers tended to be younger than members of more regular drinking subgroups. Perceptions of regular alcohol use also differed between Special occasion drinkers and members of the other subgroups.DiscussionAlcohol consumption patterns among low‐risk drinkers are not homogeneous. Younger drinkers who consume at low‐risk levels are more likely to report infrequent consumption than moderate regular consumption. A better understanding of low‐risk drinkers may help increase the prominence and acceptability of this type of drinking, challenge the normativity of heavier drinking norms and help target campaigns as new information emerges on health risks associated with low‐level drinking.
COVID‐19 Susceptibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Olloquequi Jordi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn barely nine months, the pandemic known as COVID‐19 has spread over 200 countries, affecting more than 22 million people and causing over than 786 000 deaths. Elderly people and patients with previous comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes are at an increased risk to suffer a poor prognosis after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection.Although the same could be expected from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), current epidemiological data are conflicting. This could lead to a reduction of precautionary measures in these patients, in the context of a particularly complex global health crisis.Most COPD patients have a long history of smoking or exposure to other harmful particles or gases, capable of impairing pulmonary defences even years after the absence of exposure. Moreover, COPD is characterized by an ongoing immune dysfunction, which affects both pulmonary and systemic cellular and molecular inflammatory mediators. Consequently, increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections have been reported in COPD, often worsened by bacterial co‐infections and leading to serious clinical outcomes.The present paper is an up‐to‐date review that discusses the available research regarding the implications of coronavirus infection in COPD. Although validation in large studies is still needed, COPD likely increases SARS‐CoV‐2 susceptibility and increases COVID‐19 severity. Hence, specific mechanisms to monitor and assess COPD patients should be addressed in the current pandemic.
Exotic ladybirds for biological control of herbivorous insects – a review
Authors: Rondoni Gabriele , Borges Isabel , Collatz Jana , Conti Eric , Costamagna Alejandro C. , Dumont François , Evans Edward W. , Grez Audrey A. , Howe Andy G. , Lucas Eric , Maisonhaute Julie‐Éléonore , Onofre Soares António , Zaviezo Tania , Cock Matthew J.W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the late 19th century, exotic ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) have been used extensively for suppressing herbivorous insects of economic importance. In recent decades, the introduction of non‐native biological control (BC) agents has been greatly limited due to the awareness of the potential non‐target effects of introductions. Nonetheless, recent episodes of biological invasions of economically important pests have raised the need to carefully consider whether the expected benefits of pest control go beyond the possible environmental risks of introduction. To better understand the factors that contributed to successful BC programs, here we review the literature behind classical and augmentative BC using exotic ladybirds. Additionally, by means of case studies, we discuss the BC efficacy of selected exotic species, e.g.,Coccinella septempunctataL.,Harmonia axyridis(Pallas), andHippodamia variegata(Goeze), and their position within the communities of predators in the introduced areas of USA, Canada, and Chile. In Europe, much of the research on exotic ladybirds has been conducted on the undesired impact ofH. axyridis. Therefore, we summarize the risk assessment data for this species and review the field research investigating the ecological impact on European aphidophagous predators. According to the BIOCAT database of classical BC programs, 212 ladybird species belonging to 68 genera have been released in about 130 years of BC activity, with 14.6% of introductions having resulted in partial, substantial, or complete control of the target pest. However, because post‐release evaluation of establishment and BC success has not always been conducted, this rate could underestimate the successful cases. Among other factors, ladybird establishment and pest suppression mostly depend on (1) intrinsic factors, i.e., high voracity, synchronized predator‐prey life cycle, and high dispersal ability, and (2) extrinsic factors, i.e., adaptability to the new environment and landscape composition. This review contributes to improved understanding of ladybirds as exotic BC agents.