bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants into a general practice and hospital anticoagulant services: two local service evaluations
Authors: Cahill Tom , Broughton Julie , Ferguson Thomas , Jenkins Stephen 
Published: January 2020

Background/Aims Anticoagulants are indicated for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism. The aim of this study was to describe the impact of introducing direct oral anticoagulants on anticoagulation services. Methods One primary and one secondary care anticoagulation service evaluation compared pre-direct oral anticoagulant (2012) and post-direct oral anticoagulant introduction (2015). Findings In the secondary care service, anticoagulant monitoring clinics decreased by 20% and service capacity increased by 38.5% post-direct oral anticoagulant introduction. Direct oral anticoagulants comprised 87.6% of newly-initiated anticoagulants post-direct oral anticoagulant introduction. In patients newly initiated on anticoagulation, a total of 62 anticoagulation-related inpatient admissions were recorded in 12.6% of patients in the pre-direct oral anticoagulant period, compared with a total of 21 anticoagulation-related admissions in 3.6% of patients in the post-direct oral anticoagulant period. In the primary care service, warfarin comprised 62.9% of all anticoagulants prescribed post-direct oral anticoagulant introduction. Overall, patients attended a mean of 14.2 anticoagulation service visits in 6 months pre-direct oral anticoagulant and 13.3 visits in 6 months post-direct oral anticoagulant introduction (non-direct oral anticoagulant-treated: 16.1/patient; direct oral anticoagulant treated: 0.8/patient). Few patients were offered a choice of anticoagulant; however, overall patient satisfaction was high in both services. Conclusions Direct oral anticoagulant introduction in secondary care was associated with increased service capacity and decreased patient visits. Patient choice was limited; however, satisfaction was high in both services.
The Nankai Trough Margin, Record 55-8
Authors: Kawamura T. , Aoki Y. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Nankai Trough marks the convergent boundary between the oceanic Philippine plate and the continental Eurasian plate. The trough extends from central Honshu Island, where a triple junction separates it from the Japan Trench, southwest along the platform from which the southwestern Japanese islands emerge. The direction of plate convergence is nearly normal to the regional trend of the continental slope and proceeds at about 2 mm/yr.
The northern Philippine plate is covered with a 1.5- to 2-km thick sediment sequence near the area of the trough. The ocean crust flexes downward as it enters the trough, but apparently flexure is not enough to produce the normal faulting commonly found on the seaward slope of deep ocean trenches. The Philippine plate sediment sequence was sampled at DSDP site 297 (Karig et al., 1975). The sediment consists mainly of hemipelagic muds, thin layers of sand and silt, and some local sand turbidites. This sediment sequence begins to fail compressionally in front of the trough, and at the topographic trough it separates into an offscraped sequence above a major decollement and a subducted sequence below it. Approximately 1300 m of soft sediment are thus detached from the subducting plate to form an accretionary complex at the front of the Eurasian plate, whereas the lower 600 m remain attached to the oceanic plate and are subducted below the front of the margin.
The structure and tectonic history of the Eurasian plate is poorly known in the area from the front of the margin
Aleutian Trench, Shumagin Segment, Seismic Section 104
Authors: Bruns Terry R. , Huene Roland von 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Shumagin segment of the eastern Aleutian convergent margin extends into the Gulf of Alaska from the Alaska Peninsula. Here the shelf is narrower and the Shumagin Islands are much smaller than islands, in the adjacent Kodiak shelf area, but many of the rocks are similar. Insular exposures are comprised of late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks metamorphosed in a low-temperature environment and once buried about 10 km deep. Paleogene rocks that crop out in the Kodiak area may continue into the Shumagin area, but they have not yet been sampled beneath the Shumagin shelf. The Paleogene rocks are cut by a major unconformity that is overlain by upper Miocene rocks in the Kodiak area. A Neogene forearc basin, Shumagin basin (Bruns and von Huene, 1977; Bruns et al., in press), contains about 2.5-km-thick strata of probable late Miocene and younger age. Landward of the basin is the Border Ranges fault (Fisher and von Huene, 1984), which probably isolates the pre-Upper Cretaceous geology of the Alaska Peninsula from that of the Shumagin shelf. The Aleutian volcanic arc forms the backbone of the Alaska Peninsula. Bristol Bay and the Bering Sea shelf constitute the backarc basin.
Structurally, the Shumagin margin has all the elements associated with a major subduction zone. However, this segment differs from the central and eastern Aleutian sections (p. 10 and 20, this volume) in having no sediment ponded in the trench axis (von Huene, 1972). Seaward of the trench axis is Zodiak fan, a Paleogene deep-sea fan complex that
The Eastern Aleutian Continental Margin
Authors: Huene Roland von , Fisher Michael , Miller John 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The seismic section across the Eastern Aleutian margin off southern Kodiak Island illustrates structure from the axis of the eastern Aleutian Trench to the edge of the Kodiak shelf. The seafloor morphology includes a flat trench axial area, a lower slope with two main steps, and a sharp topographic break marking the base of the steepened upper slope. The seismic section crosses a deep canyon in the upper slope, connected to one of the relict glacial troughs that cross the Kodiak Shelf (Hampton, 1983).
The Kodiak margin is composed of the insular outcrops containing metamorphosed accretion complex of Upper Cretaceous to Eocene age, the Kodiak shelf with the Neogene Albatross basin behind a high at the edge of the shelf named Albatross bank, and the landward slope of the trench. Albatross basin is filled with upper Miocene to Recent sediment 5 km deep (Fisher and von Huene, 1980) and is floored by a subareal erosion surface across landward-tilted Eocene and Oligocene (?) strata. These strata were sampled northeast of the seismic record section at Middleton Island (Rau et al., 1977; Keller et al., 1984), on the seaward flank of Albatross basin (Herrera, 1978), and southwest of it near Sanak Island (Bruns et al., in press). Subsidence of the Miocene regional erosion surface began about 6 Ma and subsequently, about 2 Ma, Albatross bank was uplifted at least 3 km (Fisher and von Huene, 1980; von Huene et al., in press). Thus, the steep upper slope that descends from Albatross bank
Planar cascaded triangular hyperlens structures
Authors: Jalali Deel Ahmad , Alighanbari Abbas 
Published: January 2020

Planar-ports hyperlens structures made of two or four cascaded triangular cuts of planar periodic structures are presented. The hyperlenses are capable of converting electromagnetic evanescent fields to propagating waves, featuring subwavelength resolution and image magnification. One of the two proposed structures features parallel input and output ports. The proposed structures improve the phase and amplitude unbalances, magnification, and resolution of previous planar hyperlenses. Compared to several previous cylindrical hyperlens structures, the proposed structures show competitive or better features. One of the best designs of the proposed structures offers a magnification of 3.86, a resolution of 45 nm,

λ

/

8

at the free space wavelength of 365 nm, optical modulation, a measure of image contrast of 0.286, and amplitude unbalance, a measure of image quality of 0.08, the smallest among all previous structures. Detailed comparative data of performance are provided. Although the magnification of the proposed planar structures is somewhat smaller than some of the previous cylindrical ones, the performance of the proposed hyperlenses is better or competitive with respect to resolution and image quality.
Reduction of modal noise due to fiber/photodetector misalignment in SSMF links based on 850  nm VCSELs through a low-cost polymer coupling structure
Authors: Nanni Jacopo , Viana Carlos , Tegegne Zerihun Gedeb , Tartarini Giovanni , Algani Catherine , Polleux Jean-Luc 
Published: February 2020

A low-cost polymer-based structure is proposed to improve the coupling between a fiber end section and photodetector active surface in optical links based on standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), which employs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers operating at 850 nm, i.e., below the SSMF cutoff wavelength. Considering receivers as small-area detectors, which are generally necessary to guarantee high-speed operation but at the same time are particularly subject to power fluctuations due to modal noise (whose impact is in turn enhanced in the presence of fiber-to-photodetector misalignment), significant achievements are demonstrated by employing the presented structure. Indeed, in the presence of a misalignment of

±
4

to

±
6

µ

m

, which is nowadays typically achievable, the relative optical power fluctuations due to modal noise reduce in the presented case more than four times (2.5% from more than 10%) with respect to the case of butt-coupling, which implies an increase of the same factor in the output signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver end.
Geometric phase analysis method using a subpixel displacement match algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hongye , Dai Xianglu , Wen Huihui , Liu Jinhao , Liu Zhanwei , Xie Huimin 
Published: February 2020

The geometrical phase analysis (GPA) method, which is an efficient and powerful noncontact method to obtain the strain field, has already been widely applied in deformation measurement in micro- and nano-scale. It is easy to get the strain field accurately; however, the displacement field is unreliable in some cases. Therefore, a subpixel displacement match method hereby is applied in the GPA method for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to overcome this defect. The presented algorithm’s limit error of 0.01 pixel under ideal conditions can match two corresponding local areas in reference and deformation image, and, thus, the displacement with subpixel precision of this point can be established. Owing to the continuity of the displacement field, the displacements of other points can be obtained subsequently. The error that is associated with the existing method will be dealt with in detail and verified by simulation further. Combined with simulation, the performance of the presented method is demonstrated; furthermore, the noise introduced by the imaging system is taken into consideration. Finally, a typical bending test was performed, and the result agrees well with the theoretical analysis. Both the simulation and experiment results prove that the presented method is effective and robust.
Frequency stabilization method for transition to a Rydberg state using Zeeman modulation
Authors: Jia Fengdong , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lei , Wang Fei , Mei Jiong , Yu Yonghong , Zhong Zhiping , Xie Feng 
Published: January 2020

We herein develop and demonstrate a stable frequency-locking scheme for Rydberg atomic experiments. We use the Zeeman effect to modulate the three-level ladder-type Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) signal to lock the laser frequency of the coupling light for transition from its intermediate state to a Rydberg state. The effects of polarization of the probe and coupling lights, and the amplitude of the AC modulated magnetic field

B

0

on the EIT and the corresponding dispersive error signal, are both analyzed. The results show that both the EIT signal and dispersive error signal are the strongest when the polarizations of coupling and probe fields are circular and equal. The signal-to-noise ratio of the dispersive error signal increases with

B

0

. The slope of the dispersive error signal increases first and then decreases with

B

0

, which is related to the increase of the EIT linewidth caused by the higher

B

0

. The linewidth of the laser is significantly less than 500 kHz after frequency locking, which satisfies the requirements of most experiments involving Rydberg atoms. The method proposed herein can generally be applied to any cascade system of Rydberg atoms.
Producing anomalous uniform periodic nanostructures on Cr thin films by femtosecond laser irradiation in vacuum
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhao Bo , Lei Yuhao , Yang Jianjun , Guo Chunlei 
Published: January 2020

We report on producing unprecedentedly uniform periodic structures on chromium thin films in vacuum conditions with irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses. In sharp contrast to the observations in air, the achieved surface structures of the ablated groove arrays are surprisingly found to have not only an extraordinarily uniform distribution but also a deep-subwavelength period of 360 nm. The measured both width and depth of the ablated periodic grooves are 150 and 120 nm, respectively, showing a large depth-to-width ratio and sharp-edge profiles. Remarkably, such well-organized nanostructures can be enabled to robustly extend into an infinitely long range via the sample scanning and even have a large-area production with a cylindrical lens. Raman spectral analyses reveal that the regular formation of such nanostructures benefits from avoiding the material oxidation and thermal disturbance of the air plasma on the sample surface.
Verbinden von Natürlicher und Künstlicher Intelligenz: eine experimentelle Testumgebung für Explainable AI (xAI)
Authors: Holzinger Andreas , Müller Heimo 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) folgt dem Begriff der menschlichen Intelligenz, der leider kein klar definierter Begriff ist. Die gebräuchlichste Definition, wie sie in der Kognitionswissenschaft als mentale Fähigkeit gegeben ist, enthält unter anderem die Fähigkeit, abstrakt, logisch und schlussfolgernd zu denken und gegebene Probleme der realen Welt zu lösen. Ein aktuelles Thema in der KI ist es, herauszufinden, ob und inwieweit Algorithmen in der Lage sind, solches abstraktes Denken und Schlussfolgern ähnlich wie Menschen zu erlernen – oder ob das Lernergebnis auf rein statistischer Korrelation beruht. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir eine von uns entwickelte frei verfügbare, universelle und erweiterbare experimentelle Testumgebung vor. Diese „Kandinsky Patterns“ (https://human-centered.ai/project/kandinsky-patterns, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuiV0icAlRs), benannt nach dem russischen Maler und Kunsttheoretiker Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), stellen eine Art „Schweizer Messer“ zum Studium der genannten Problemstellungen dar. Das Gebiet, dass diese Problemstellungen behandelt wird „explainable AI“ (xAI) genannt. Erklärbarkeit/Interpretierbarkeit hat das Ziel, menschlichen Experten zu ermöglichen, zugrundeliegende Erklärungsfaktoren – die Kausalität – zu verstehen, also warum eine KI-Entscheidung getroffen wurde, und so den Weg für eine transparente und verifizierbare KI zu ebnen.
Being and Time-less Faith: Juxtaposing Heideggerian Anxiety and Religious Experience
Authors: Lyonhart Jonathan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn Heidegger, fear reveals the thing to be feared in a fuller way than theory can. However, anxiety is distinct from fear, for while fear is directed towards a specific thing within the world, anxiety is anxious about existence itself, disclosing the totality of Being. A similar method could be applied to faith. Arguably, faith is a mood; a feeling of trust in the divine that can be phenomenologically consistent and overwhelming. However, faith is not necessarily directed towards a specific object within the world. One cannot point and say: “God is right there!” Indeed, attempts to do so through miracles, teleology or dialectics have been roundly critiqued by the Western tradition. But then what is this mood of faith disclosing if not something within the world? Perhaps, like anxiety, faith is not revealing an object within the world, but the world as a totality. Since God—at least the God central to much of the Judeo-Christian tradition—is not a being but Being itself (or in some formulations is actually ‘beyond being’), God therefore cannot be disclosed in the world as an object but has to be disclosed as that which is transcendently beyond it. Such a conclusion does not simply flee the realm of the everyday, but derives from, and legitimates, basic descriptions of religious experience. Specifically, Judeo-Christian descriptions of (1) divine providence, (2) happiness/ joy, (3) the eschatological ‘not yet’, and (4) Divine Hiddenness. This paper will argue that appropriating Heidegger’s phenomenological method in his discussions of fear/anxiety and applying them to Judeo-Christian descriptions of faith thus leads to a radically different ontology from that of Heidegger himself, offering a renewed basis for religion that contrasts the nothingness revealed by anxiety with the divinity revealed by faith, challenging us to weigh for ourselves which mood is more swaying.
Pemertahanan Bahasa Jawa Santri Pondok Pesantren Durrotu Ahlissunnah Waljamaah Banaran Gunungpati Semarang
Authors: Sih Sri Ning , Kurniati Endang , M.Pd. Widodo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractJavanese language as a regional language along with the development era is starting to be forgotten. Various attempts to maintain language are carried out as a preservation effort so that Javanese language is not extinct. This study describes the problem of Javanese language retention in Durrotu Ahlissunnah Waljamaah Islamic Boarding School students. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research data source of speech by students of Islamic Boarding School Durrotu Ahlissunnah Waljamaah. The data used is a fragment of the speech of students of the Islamic Boarding School Durrotu Ahlissunnah Waljamaah. Data collection techniques using record techniques and note taking techniques. The results of the analysis can be concluded: (1) Javanese language retention Santri Islamic Boarding School Durrotu Ahlissunnah Waljamaah consists of two forms, namely (a) a form of active detention that is the use of Javanese as a whole in which no other languages are mixed, and (2) a form of passive retention that is a form of language retention characterized by the use of Javanese but containing one foreign language element or the use of other languages but there is Javanese in it.Keywords: language retention, boarding school.
Natural Genetic Variation Underlying Tiller Development in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L)
Authors: Haaning Allison M , Smith Kevin P , Brown-Guedira Gina L , Chao Shiaoman , Tyagi Priyanka , Muehlbauer Gary J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), lateral branches called tillers contribute to grain yield and define shoot architecture, but genetic control of tiller number and developmental rate are not well characterized. The primary objectives of this work were to examine relationships between tiller number and other agronomic and morphological traits and identify natural genetic variation associated with tiller number and rate, and related traits. We grew 768 lines from the USDA National Small Grain Collection in the field and collected data over two years for tiller number and rate, and agronomic and morphological traits. Our results confirmed that spike row-type and days to heading are correlated with tiller number, and as much as 28% of tiller number variance was associated with these traits. In addition, negative correlations between tiller number and leaf width and stem diameter were observed, indicating trade-offs between tiller development and other vegetative growth. Thirty-three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with tiller number or rate. Of these, 40% overlapped QTL associated with days to heading and 22% overlapped QTL associated with spike row-type, further supporting that tiller development is associated with these traits. Some QTL associated with tiller number or rate, including the major QTL on chromosome 3H, were not associated with other traits, suggesting that some QTL may be directly related to rate of tiller development or axillary bud number. These results enhance our knowledge of the genetic control of tiller development in barley, which is important for optimizing tiller number and rate for yield improvement.
National Wetland Map 5: An improved spatial extent and representation of inland aquatic and estuarine ecosystems in South Africa
Authors: Heidi van Deventer  , Lara van Niekerk  , Janine Adams  , Millicent Ketelo Dinala  , Ridhwannah Gangat  , Stephen J Lamberth  , Mervyn Lötter  , Namhla Mbona  , Fiona MacKay  , Jeanne L Nel  , Carla-Louise Ramjukadh  , Andrew Skowno  , Steven P Weerts  
Published: January 2020

The improved representation of freshwater and estuarine ecosystems and associated data was a key component of the 2018 National Biodiversity Assessment, and is an essential step in enhancing defensible land use planning and decision making. This paper reports on the enhancement of the National Wetland Map (NWM) version 5 for South Africa and other data layers associated with the South African Inventory of Inland Aquatic Ecosystems. Detail is provided on (i) the extent of wetlands mapped in NWM5, compared to previous versions of the NWMs; (ii) the improved extent of inland wetlands mapped in focus areas in NWM5 relative to NWM4; (iii) the type of cover associated with the wetlands (inundated, vegetated or arid); (iv) the ecotone between rivers and estuaries; and (v) level of confidence for the inland wetlands in terms of how well the extent and hydrogeomorphic units were captured for each sub-quaternary catchment of South Africa. A total of 4 596 509 ha (3.8% of South Africa) of inland aquatic ecosystems and artificial wetlands have now been mapped, with NWM5 delineating 23% more inland wetlands (2 650 509 ha or 2.2% of SA) compared with NWM4. The estuarine functional zone, which encapsulates all estuarine processes, and associated habitats and biota, was refined for 290 systems totalling 200 739 ha, with the addition of 42 micro-estuaries totalling 340 ha. Nearly 600 000 ha (0.5% of SA) of artificial wetlands were mapped in SA. Inland wetlands are predominantly palustrine (55%), with some arid (34%) and a few inundated systems (11%). Ecotones between rivers and estuaries, ecotones where biota and processes continuously vary from freshwater to estuarine, formed a small fraction (<1.5%) of river total extent (164 018 km). Most inland wetlands (~70%) had a low confidence ranking for designation of extent and typing, because they were not mapped by a wetland specialist and not verified in the field. Future improvements of the map should be focused on catchment-based improvements, particularly in strategic water-source areas, areas of high development pressure and those with low confidence designation.