bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer Protection: Online Sale of Prescription Drugs to Minors Not Unconscionable
Authors: Spears Charlotte 
Published: January 2021

In Stovall v. Confimed.com, the Kansas Supreme Court held that an out-of-state medical doctor who sold a prescription drug to a Kansas minor over the Internet did not commit an unconscionable act under the Kansas Consumer Protection Act (KCPA). The Shawnee Country District Court had enjoined the doctor from prescribing or dispensing prescription medicine within the state of Kansas, and the doctor appealed the injunction to the Kansas Supreme Court. The Supreme Court affirmed the district court's decision to grant injunctive relief, but found no unconscionable conduct under the KCPA.The appellee, Washington physician Dr. Howard J. Levine, sold the sexual enhancement drug Viagra over the Internet through his online pharmacy. Neither the physician nor the online pharmacy was licensed to practice in Kansas. The purchasers were two Kansas residents, one of whom was a minor. Both purchased the drugs in a sting operation conducted by the Kansas Attorney General and received the drugs after completing an online application.
Fraud & Abuse: Fourth Circuit Holds Eleventh Amendment Bars Qui Tam Suit Against State in Federal Court
Authors: Gomes Allan 
Published: January 2021

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled, in United States u. Texus Tech University, 171 F.3d 279 (5th Cir. 1999), that the Eleventh Amendment bars a private citizen from bringing a qui tam action in federal court against a state, absent federal intervention.Intervenor Carol Foulds was a dermatology resident at the Texas Tech Health Services Center. While a resident, Foulds examined patients, made diagnoses, and prescribed treatments for patients. Foulds alleged that she and other residents performed these medical services without the supervision of staff physicians. Foulds further alleged that, after residents performed these services without physician oversight, staff physicians signed charts and Medicare and Medicaid billing forms certifying that they personally performed or supervised the administration of these services. Foulds estimates approximately 500,000 false claims occurred in a span of ten years.In 1995, Foulds filed a qui tam action with the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. As regulated by the False Claims Act (FCA), 31 U.S.C. § 3729(b)(2) (West 1998), the complaint remained under seal.
LGBQ adults’ experiences of a CBT wellbeing group for anxiety and depression in an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Service: a qualitative service evaluation
Authors: Lloyd Christopher E. M. , Rimes Katharine A. , Hambrook David G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSexual minorities, including those identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual or queer (LGBQ) are at heightened risk of experiencing mental health problems. Nationally, treatment outcomes within England’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services are worse for sexual minority patients than for heterosexuals. An IAPT service in London developed a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) group specifically for sexual minority patients to provide a safe, affirmative intervention to learn skills for overcoming depression, anxiety and stress. A qualitative online survey was emailed to all 59 service users who had completed the eight-session intervention, to explore their experiences inductively. Survey data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Themes were identified in participants’ responses in order to establish which aspects of the group intervention were deemed to be helpful and unhelpful, and to explore suggestions for group improvement. Eighteen people completed the survey (response rate 30.5%). Respondents reported that they found the CBT frame of the group useful, with the LGBQ focus experienced as particularly beneficial, often enhancing engagement with CBT concepts and tools. In addition to generic elements of group therapy that some found difficult, others reported that intragroup diversity, such as generational differences, could lead to a reduced sense of connection. Several suggestions for group improvement were made, including incorporating more diverse perspectives and examples in session content and focusing more on issues relating to intersectionality. These results provide preliminary evidence that a culturally adapted CBT group intervention developed specifically for sexual minorities is acceptable and perceived as offering something unique and helpful.Key learning aims(1)To identify the unique experiences and particular mental health disparities that LGBQ people face in life and why a culturally adapted LGBQ CBT group offers both a necessary and unique therapeutic tool to support sexual minorities.(2)To explore how a culturally adapted CBT group intervention for LGBQ people is experienced in practice, from the service user perspective. In particular, what aspects do LGBQ people find helpful, unhelpful and what might they suggest for future group improvement.(3)To consider how such CBT groups may be culturally adapted to benefit sexual minorities, including: what actions should be taken in future clinical practice to ensure improvements in the psychological treatment experiences of LGBQ people. Specifically, including the need to incorporate more inclusive and intersectional examples that engage and support recovery from psychological distress.
Religious Ideology, Race, and Health Care Policy Attitudes
Authors: Brown R. Khari , Kaiser Angela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing two national general population and one clergy survey, we examined racial differences in the association between religious theology and health care policy attitudes. We find that controlling for religious faith, political partisanship, and social-demographic characteristics, religious theology more strongly associates with White health care policy attitudes than it is for Blacks and Hispanics. Whereas theologically liberal Whites are more likely than their conservative counterparts to support universal healthcare and/or Obamacare, we observed no such relationship among Blacks and Hispanics. This is true of both the general population and clergy.
A Tug‐of‐War Within the Hydrologic Cycle of a Continental Freshwater Basin
Authors: Gronewold A. D. , Do H. X. , Mei Y. , Stow C. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe past decade was the wettest on record for much of central and eastern North America. Near the beginning of this period of regional water abundance, however, drought conditions reinforced concerns that high temperatures and evapotranspiration foreshadowed a persistent imbalance in the hydrologic cycle characterized by water loss. These fluctuating hydrologic conditions were manifest by water level variability on the Laurentian Great Lakes, the largest system of lakes on Earth. We show that, during this period, the two dominant hydrologic forces acting directly on the vast surfaces of the lakes, overlake precipitation and overlake evaporation, have evolved differently. More specifically, we find that overlake precipitation has risen to extraordinary levels, while overlake evaporation diminished rapidly in 2014 (coinciding with a strong Arctic polar vortex deformation). Our findings offer a new perspective on the impacts of competing hydrologic forces on large freshwater systems in an era of climate change.
The mutational load and a T-cell inflamed tumour phenotype identify ovarian cancer patients rendering tumour-reactive T cells from PD-1+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Salas-Benito Diego , Conde Enrique , Tamayo-Uria Ibon , Mancheño Uxua , Elizalde Edurne , Garcia-Ros David , Aramendia Jose M. , Muruzabal Juan C. , Alcaide Julia , Guillen-Grima Francisco , Minguez Jose A. , Amores-Tirado Jose , Gonzalez-Martin Antonio , Sarobe Pablo , Lasarte Juan J. , Ponz-Sarvise Mariano , De Andrea Carlos E. , Hervas-Stubbs Sandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdoptive immunotherapy with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) may benefit from the use of selective markers, such as PD-1, for tumour-specific T-cell enrichment, and the identification of predictive factors that help identify those patients capable of rendering tumour-reactive TILs. We have investigated this in ovarian cancer (OC) patients as candidates for TIL therapy implementation.MethodsPD-1−and PD-1+CD8 TILs were isolated from ovarian tumours and expanded cells were tested against autologous tumour cells. Baseline tumour samples were examined using flow cytometry, multiplexed immunofluorescence and Nanostring technology, for gene expression analyses, as well as a next-generation sequencing gene panel, for tumour mutational burden (TMB) calculation.ResultsTumour-reactive TILs were detected in half of patients and were exclusively present in cells derived from the PD-1+fraction. Importantly, a high TIL density in the fresh tumour, the presence of CD137+cells within the PD-1+CD8+TIL subset and their location in the tumour epithelium, together with a baseline T-cell-inflamed genetic signature and/or a high TMB, are features that identify patients rendering tumour-reactive TIL products.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that PD-1 identifies ovarian tumour-specific CD8 TILs and has uncovered predictive factors that identify OC patients who are likely to render tumour-specific cells from PD-1+TILs.
Long non-coding RNA FTX predicts a poor prognosis of human cancers: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Li Yuting , Guo Liliangzi , Zhang Chenxing , Tang Shaohui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Several studies have assessed the relationship between long non-coding RNA five prime to Xist (FTX) expression, clinicopathological features, and survival outcomes in patients with cancer with conflicting results. This meta-analysis synthesized existing data to clarify the association between FTX with cancer prognosis.
Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Chinese CNKI, and the Chinese WanFang databases were used to search for relevant studies. The role of FTX in cancers was evaluated by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Eleven studies comprising 1210 participants including colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric cancer (GC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), osteosarcoma (OSC), and glioma were enrolled in this analysis. The meta-analysis showed that high FTX expression was significantly associated with several clinicopathological characteristics, including lymph node metastasis in patients with CRC, GC, HCC, and RCC, distant metastasis in patients with CRC, GC, HCC, and OSC, larger tumor size in patients with CRC, GC, HCC, RCC, and OSC, and subsequently TNM/clinical stage in patients with CRC, GC, HCC, OSC, and glioma. The pooled results from the survival analysis revealed a significant correlation between high FTX expression and shorter OS in patients with HCC, CRC, GC, OSC, and glioma. Further, FTX overexpression could be an independent predictive marker for shorter OS in patients with CRC, HCC, OSC, and glioma.
Conclusions: FTX may be a potential oncogene, with high FTX expression being associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with CRC, HCC, OSC, and glioma.
Whose Job Is It? Addressing the Overlap of Speech-Language Pathologists and Occupational Therapists When Caring for People With Dementia
Authors: Meyer Jordan , Leslie Paula , Ciccia Angela , Rodakowski Juleen 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This article discusses the complexities of caring for individuals with dementia with an interdisciplinary team approach. The overlap and potential conflict between speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and occupational therapists (OTs) are addressed. SLPs and OTs have potentially similar roles when caring for people with dementia, so it can be difficult to decipher whose job it is to implement similar therapy techniques. However, there are ways health care professionals can prepare themselves to work collaboratively and potentially avoid conflict among team members, such as overstepping their professional boundaries and scopes of practice. This article discusses three beneficial techniques for interprofessional collaboration: acquiring sufficient knowledge about the scopes of practice of both SLPs and OTs, developing effective communication skills, and identifying the intentions of each therapeutic technique.

Conclusions
There is no straightforward or universal answer to the question “Whose job is it?” when considering SLPs and OTs in caring for people with dementia. Deciding whether an SLP or an OT should implement certain aspects of therapy depends on the roles of each professional and how they can benefit the patient. Interdisciplinary team members must work together to identify how their roles interact and overlap. SLPs and OTs must have a solid knowledge base about each other's scopes of practice, develop effective communication skills, and be able to identify the intentions of their therapy. Developing these skills allows SLPs and OTs to work harmoniously in interprofessional teams.
Konfokale Laser-Endomikroskopie des Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinoms: eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Sievert Matti , Aubreville Marc , Oetter Nicolai , Stelzle Florian , Maier Andreas , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Iro Heinrich , Goncalves Miguel 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die konfokale Laser-Endomikroskopie (CLE) bietet mit einer bis zu 1000-fachen Vergrößerungsleistung die Möglichkeit, Interzellularräume in vivo zu erkennen. Die CLE hat sich in verschiedensten Fachbereichen bereits etabliert. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Studienlage der CLE in der Diagnostik des Plattenepithelkarzinoms des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs.
Material und Methoden Systematische Literaturrecherche in folgenden Online-Datenbanken: PubMed, MEDLINE, Thompson Reuters Web of Science, SPIE nach den Suchbegriffen: confocal laser endomicroscopy, CLE, endomicroscopy, head and neck, larynx. Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Relevanz der Arbeiten nach festgelegten Kriterien.
Ergebnisse Es wurden Arbeiten in Bezug auf die klinische Anwendung, die klinische Befunderhebung und die computergestützte Datenauswertung analysiert.
Schlussfolgerungen In Zusammenschau der aktuell publizierten Ergebnisse verspricht die CLE ein großes Potenzial, die Diagnostik maligner Schleimhautveränderungen im Bereich des oberen Aerodigestivtrakts zu verbessern.
Copper-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Vinyl Aziridines under Mild Conditions
Authors: de Figueiredo Renata Marcia , Campagne Jean-Marc , Tosi Eleonora , Spielmann Kim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVinyl aziridines are versatile starting materials toward ring-expansion transformations. Such processes are widely used to give various medium or larger N-heterocycles of synthetic interest. This letter describes a copper-catalyzed ring expansion of vinyl aziridines to 3-pyrrolines by using a Cu(I) salt [(CuOTf)2·toluene or Cu(MeCN)4·PF6]. In particular, this transformation occurs under mild conditions (THF, rt).
Role of Cord Blood Carboxyhemoglobin in Detecting Significant Hyperbilirubinemia in Term Neonates with ABO Alloimmunization
Authors: Tıraş Mahir , Can Emrah , Hamilçıkan Şahin 
Published: January 2021

Objective This study aimed to assess whether cord blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in jaundiced term neonates with and without a positive direct Coombs test (DCT) and in healthy controls could be used as a predictor of severe hyperbilirubinemia. The percentage of cord blood COHb should be higher among neonates with Coombs-positive ABO hemolytic disease than among those with Coombs-negative ABO incompatibility and higher than that of ABO-compatible control neonates.
Study Design This cross-sectional descriptive study of 198 term neonates comprised three subgroups: group I featured 68 DCT-positive ABO-incompatible neonates (ABO + DCT), group II featured 60 DCT-negative ABO-incompatible neonates with hyperbilirubinemia (ABO–DCT), and group III featured 70 healthy controls. COHb was determined by an OSM3 hemoximeter.
Results Group I differed from groups II and III for cord blood bilirubin, cord blood hemoglobin, and cord blood hematocrit. Groups I and II had higher mean total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels than group III, while there was no difference in the mean TSB levels between groups I and II. There was no significant difference between the COHb group means for groups I, II, and III (p = 0.98). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve calculated for group I/group III and group II/group III were found to be 0.62 and 0.54, respectively.
Conclusion COHb levels did not prove to be superior to the DCT for predicting the risk of developing severe hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates.
Key Points
The Swedish initiative and the 1972 Stockholm Conference: the decisive role of science diplomacy in the emergence of global environmental governance
Authors: Paglia Eric 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article applies a science diplomacy lens to examine Sweden’s 1967–1968 intervention in the United Nations—the so-called “Swedish initiative”—that led to the seminal 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment. The three classic science diplomacy typologies—science in diplomacy, diplomacy for science and science for diplomacy—are employed to structure an analysis of how Swedish diplomats skillfully leveraged science for diplomatic objectives, first for convincing member states of the need to convene a major environmental conference under UN auspices and then to mobilize scientific research internationally—particularly in developing countries—during the Conference preparatory process. The empirical study, based on archival research and the oral histories of key participants, also brings to light how problems of the human environment were conceived of and shaped by Swedish scientists and diplomats during this embryonic moment of global environmental governance. Through analysis of some of the public pronouncements and key documents drafted during the first phase of the Swedish initiative, the article further considers the role of popular science as a style of science communication that is particularly relevant in the realm of environmental diplomacy.
Heat
Authors: Carpenter D. Rae , Minnix Richard B. 
Published: January 2021

Digital meter connected to filament shows resistance varies from about 5 to 10 ohms when heated by heat lamp or held high above burner flame. (Hair dryer not as good because filament vibrates from air stream.) Use TV to make digital readout visible to large class.
CONSTRUCT by carefully removing glass envelope from 200W incandescent bulb (See E-280).
Magnetism
Authors: Carpenter D. Rae , Minnix Richard B. 
Published: January 2021

Use as detector of magnetic field of magnets. Point out that because clip is induced magnet, rather than permanent, it will align anti-parallel OR parallel to field, i.e., “arrow” is tangent to field lines. Works best with stronger magnets.
CONSTRUCT by straightening STEEL paper clip leaving a single loop on which to attach string. Seal between two sheets paper or vinyl tape cut to shape of arrow.
Optics
Authors: Carpenter D. Rae , Minnix Richard B. 
Published: January 2021

Very convenient light source for optics demos is 35mm projector. Low profile models equipped with zoom lens and 2–position switch for 300W or 500W operation offer greatest flexibility.
Second useful source is 25W straight–filament showcase bulb with clear envelope. Covering top and bottom halves with thin gelatin filters (e.g., red and blue) is advantageous for some demos, especially those with inverted images.
Feature analysis of neuter gender in Spanish and Asturian
languages
Authors: Gil Irene , Gutiérrez Edita 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is traditionally considered that there are
three values for pronominal gender (masculine, feminine, neuter). In
this chapter, we explore the idea that there are no neuter pronouns
in Spanish, as neuter doesn’t show agreement effects. Then we focus
on mass neuter agreement, a phenomenon that takes place in an area
of Central and Northern Peninsular Spanish. After studying the kind
of syntactic information that can be obtained from syntactic
atlases, we present an overview of the phenomenon from a purely
descriptive point of view. We finally focus on demonstratives and we
claim that the Asturian demonstrative esto with a
mass noun antecedent is a determiner that takes an uncountable null
noun as its complement, whose features are contextually
recovered.
Gerund structures in Ecuadorian Spanish
Authors: Batllori Montserrat , Hernanz M. Lluïsa , Rubio-Alcalá Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this chapter we study non-prototypical values
of gerunds in Ecuadorian and Andean Spanish. Apart from the standard
aspectual simultaneity reading, gerunds in Andean Spanish encode an
anteriority reading that has been associated to contact with
Quechua. The chapter focuses on this value and claims that there are
two patterns of gerund verbal complexes that exhibit it: an
embedding and a periphrastic one. We provide a syntactic analysis to
account for both and we draw the connection between Ecuadorian
gerunds and converbs in Quechua. Finally, we offer relevant
diachronic evidence that the aspectual values of Andean gerunds are
also attested in the history of Spanish, which supports our
explanation in terms of contact-induced linguistic change.
Using Twitter to build a corpus for linguistic
variation
Authors: Tinoco Antonio Ruiz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Data for linguistic analysis from social media
are being used for a variety of reasons. One of the most attractive
reasons is the possibility of gathering very large quantities of
data in the digital form. However, collecting data from these
sources is not always a simple task. In this chapter, a few methods
to harvest data from Twitter will be introduced
like FireAnt, 140dev Streaming API Framework, and
Elastic Stack, as well as visualization tools
like QGIS to map geotagged tweets. Finally, some
examples of tweet analyses are discussed.
Smoking cessation in late life is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality amongst oldest old people: a community-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Wei Yuan , Lv Yuebin , Zhou Jinhui , Gao Xiang , Duan Jun , Zhao Chao , Yin Zhaoxue , Kang Qi , Wu Bing , Chen Chen , Mao Chen , Li Juan , Shi Xiaoming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
we aimed to investigate the association of smoking cessation with risk of all-cause mortality amongst oldest old people (aged ≥ 80 years).

Design
this was a prospective cohort study.

Setting
the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, implemented in 23 provinces of China.

Participants
a total of 28,643 community-dwelling oldest old people (mean age, 92.9 ± 7.5 years) were included.

Methods
in this community-based cohort study, Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association of smoking cessation with risk of all-cause mortality.

Results
during 136,585 person-years of follow-up from baseline to 1 September 2014, compared with never smokers, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality were 1.06 (1.02–1.10) for current smokers, 1.23 (1.09–1.39) for transient quitters (≤1 consecutive years since smoking cessation), 1.22 (1.12–1.32) for recent quitters (2–6 consecutive years since smoking cessation) and 1.11 (1.02–1.22) for long-term quitters (&gt;6 consecutive years since smoking cessation). Cox models with penalised splines revealed an increased risk of all-cause mortality after smoking cessation; the highest mortality risk was observed within 2–4 years after smoking cessation and the risk gradually decreased with duration of smoking cessation. We further conducted subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses to reduce the impact of reverse causation.

Conclusions
smoking is harmful to health in all populations. Our study findings indicated smoking cessation in late life to be associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality amongst oldest old people who have smoked for a long time.