bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cutting the blade on the performance and pressure pulsation of a centrifugal pump
Authors: Zhang Ning , Gao Bo , Wang Xiaojun , Liu Xiaokai , Ni Dan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo solve the severe flow‐induced vibration during the pump operation, the impeller cut is a reasonable and operable approach. In the present study, effects of cutting the blade on the pump performance, especially for pressure pulsations, are conducted by experiments, and numerical results are used to discuss the relation between the internal flow and pressure pulsation. Three cutting angles are investigated, and the obtained results are compared with the original pump. Pressure transducers are mounted on the volute wall and outlet to capture pressure signals of different pumps. Results show that at the cutting angle φ = 15°, pump heads at low flow rates are decreased, which are little affected at high flow rates. With the cutting angles increasing to φ = 25° and φ = 35°, cutting the blade contributes to the reductions of pump heads at all the measured flow rates. Pressure pulsations are significantly affected by cutting the blade. For major measuring points on the volute wall, pressure amplitudes at the blade passing frequency fBPF are attenuated by cutting the blade, especially at high flow rates. Mean pressure amplitude at fBPF is decreased by 38.6% at φ = 15°, which is caused by the increasing gap between the tongue and the blade. From comparison, it is suggested that the cut angle φ = 15° can be used to reduce pressure pulsation considering its little influence on the pump head during application. The obtained results will be useful during the pump operation to reduce pressure pulsations by the blade cut approach.
Skepticism of globalization and global strategy: Increasing regulations and countervailing strategies
Authors: Cuervo‐Cazurra Alvaro , Doz Yves , Gaur Ajai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcademic abstractWe analyze how skepticism of globalization, the socially constructed vulnerability that emanates from global interdependencies, affects global strategy. We argue that inequality, identity, and influence drive this skepticism and propose that the increase in rhetoric against globalization and for new regulations do not seem to result in significant reductions in cross‐border economic flows. We explain this discrepancy by proposing that multinationals' strategies counteract the impact of politicians' regulatory reactions to the skepticism of globalization. Specifically, we propose that firms increase flexibility in global value chains in response to skepticism of cross‐border trade, rework the localization of global operations to deal with skepticism of cross‐border investment, use lobbying in global finance to address skepticism of cross‐border finance, nativize the global workforce in reaction to skepticisms of cross‐border labor, and protect global knowledge to solve the skepticisms of cross‐border knowledge flows.Managerial abstractWe study how the increases in negative attitudes toward globalization, which we call skepticism of globalization, influence the global strategy of firms. We explain that inequality, identity, and influence drive this skepticism and propose that the increases in rhetoric and government regulations do not seem to have resulted in significant reductions in cross‐border economic flows because companies have redesigned strategies to counter the effect of rising skepticism of globalization. Specifically, we explain how the regulations of cross border trade, investment, finance, labor, and knowledge flows that accompany increases in skepticism of globalization are countered by multinationals' strategic changes in the flexibility in global value chains, localization of global operations, lobbying in global financing, nativization of global workforce, and protection of global innovations.
The impact of reducing pharmaceutical industry payments on physician prescribing
Authors: Parker‐Lue Sara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolicymakers in the U.S. have expressed the hope that reducing payments from pharmaceutical companies to physicians will result in lower drug expenditures by reducing branded prescribing. This paper analyzes how the overall use and charges for generic and branded prescriptions change in an inpatient setting after a physician has had a payment from a pharmaceutical company reduced or cut off entirely. This research analyzes the impact of a pharmaceutical company cutting speaking payments to physicians in order to use fewer physicians more often, so the removal of payments is unrelated to a change in the company's product offering. Using hospital discharge data from New Jersey, this research employs a within‐physician differences‐in‐differences design and finds that physicians who have payments reduced do not alter the number of or charges for prescriptions relative to unpaid physicians, neither do physicians who have their payments cut off but are still being paid by other pharmaceutical companies. Physicians who have their payments cut but who are not being paid by other companies, however, increase in the charges for and number of prescriptions written (both branded and generic) relative to their unpaid peers.
PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF DRAINAGE IN RELATION TO THE ICID VISION 2030
Authors: Vlotman Willem F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) regularly updates the areas drained and irrigated in the world based on information provided via their national committees (www.icid.org). Modern land drainage planning, design and implementation include making drainage environmentally sustainable and achieve this through enhanced water balance assessments at regional and field scale, prevent excess water except for leaching salts, support ecological water requirements, and then, if any excess water remains, design a drainage system. The less water mobilized through the root zone, the better the quality of drainage water. No matter how efficiently our crops are watered, sooner or later we need to have a well‐functioning drainage system for complete in‐field water management. Agricultural land drainage should include various approaches to assessment and prevention of waterlogging and salinity problems, consider the water–food–energy nexus approach and give due attention to social, environmental and financial considerations (triple bottom line, TBL) for the best sustainable results. The most important consideration to be included in drainage system planning and design is the consideration of cause and effect. Waterlogging and salinity problems are the effect of something that is occurring most likely upstream; the cause. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermosensitive hydrogels loaded with human‐induced pluripotent stem cells overexpressing growth differentiation factor‐5 ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration in rats
Authors: Hu Annan , Xing Rong , Jiang Libo , Li Zefang , Liu Peng , Wang Houlei , Li Xilei , Dong Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of thermosensitive hydrogels loaded with human‐induced pluripotent stem cells transfected with the growth differentiation factor‐5 (GDF5‐hiPSCs) on rat intervertebral disc regeneration. GDF5‐hiPSCs were cocultured with rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in vitro. Real‐time PCR and western blot were used to determine the differentiation of hiPSCs. Rat caudal intervertebral discs were punctured using a needle under X‐ray, and groups of coccygeal (Co) discs were subject to various treatments: Puncture group (Co6/7, punctured without treatment); Hydrogel group (Co7/8, 2 μl of hydrogel injected without cells); GDF5‐hiPSCs + Hydrogel group (Co8/9, 2 μl of GDF5‐hiPSCs‐loaded hydrogel injected); and Normal control (Co5/6). X‐ray, MRI, and histological evaluations were performed at 1, 2, and 3 months after cell transplantation and relative changes in the disc height index (DHI%) and voxel count were calculated and compared. GDF5‐hiPSCs were successfully differentiated to a chondrogenic linage after cocultured with rat NP cells. In terms of X‐ray, MRI, and HE staining scores, the GDF5‐hiPSCs + Hydrogel group was significantly superior to the Puncture and Hydrogel groups (p < .05). Compared with the Normal group, the MRI‐based voxel count of the GDF5‐hiPSCs + Hydrogel group was significantly lower at 1, 2, and 3 months after cell transplantation (p < .05). However, there were no significant differences in histological scores at 1 and 2 months after cell transplantation compared with the Normal group (p > .05). In conclusion, thermosensitive hydrogel‐encapsulated hiPSCs overexpressing the GDF5 gene ameliorated intervertebral disc degeneration.
miR‐125a regulates HAS1 and inhibits the proliferation, invasion and metastasis by targeting STAT3 in non–small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Huang Hu , Huang Jingyu , Yao Jie , Li Na , Yang Zhenzhou 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicroRNA‐125a (miR‐125a) is related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of various cancers according to relevant reports. However, its function role and mechanism in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is yet to be explored. Herein, we investigated the role and preliminary mechanism of miR‐125a in NSCLC. First, miR‐125a was noticeably downregulated in NSCLC tissues in contrast to adjacent normal tissues through the real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) assay. The inverted result was observed on the STAT3 and HAS1 expressions. Moreover, miR‐125a was expressed at highest level in A549 among four human NSCLC cell lines. Second, functional studies indicated miR‐125a restrained proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis, and advocated apoptosis of NSCLC cells, but had no obvious effect on cell cycle. Next, results indicated that a target of miR‐125a was STAT3 on the basis of prediction and confirmation by the dual‐luciferase reporter assay. RT‐qPCR and Western blot assays displayed that miR‐125a overexpression conspicuously constrained STAT3 expression at messenger RNA and protein levels. Finally, the binding between HAS1 promoter region and STAT3 was predicted by PROMO database analysis and verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, suggesting that STAT3 was bound with the HAS1 promoter regions. STAT3 overexpression exerted positive effects on HAS1 expression at protein and mRNA levels. Additionally, HAS1‐related functional studies illustrated HAS1 pronouncedly suppressed the proliferative, invasive, and migratory potential of NSCLC cells in vitro. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that miR‐125a prohibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells by HAS1 expression reduction as a result of inhibiting STAT3 expression in NSCLC. This study indicated that miR‐125a might be of potential or value for NSCLC treatment.
lncRNA‐H19/miR‐29a axis affected the viability and apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts through acting upon COL1A1 signaling
Authors: Wang Zhi , Feng Cheng , Song Kexin , Qi Zheng , Huang Weiqing , Wang Youbin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study was intended to clarify the potential of applying the long‐chain noncoding RNA H19/miR‐29a axis in keloid treatment by elucidating its correlation with the activity of fibroblasts. In this study, 80 keloid tissues, 63 normal fibrous tissues, and 91 normal skin tissues were collected in advance, and concurrently, fibroblasts separated from the tissues were cultured. Besides this, the si‐H19, pcDNA3.1‐H19, miR‐29a mimic, and miR‐29a inhibitor were transfected to keloid fibroblasts, whose proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis were appraised by employing the colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. In addition, the luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to determine whether targeted regulation was present between H19 and miR‐29a, as well as between miR‐29a and COL1A1. The study results demonstrated that keloid tissues and fibroblasts exhibited observably upregulated H19 expression and downregulated miR‐29a expression, relative to normal skin tissues and fibroblasts (P < .05). Also observed was a negative correlation between H19 expression and miR‐29a expression among the gathered keloid tissues (rs = −.267, P = .017). Furthermore, in vitro transfection of pcDNA3.1‐H19 or miR‐29a inhibitor could intensify viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of the fibroblasts (P < .05), while silencing of H19 and overexpression of miR‐29a hindered both metastasis and multiplication of the fibroblasts significantly (P < .05). In addition, H19 was capable of altering miR‐29a expression within fibroblasts by directly sponging it, and overexpression of COL1A1 could deter the impact of miR‐29a on viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of fibroblasts (P < .05). In conclusion, H19 might facilitate proliferation and metastasis of fibroblasts by modifying downstream miR‐29a and COL1A1, which was expected to allow for development of keloid‐targeted treatments.
Correcting electrostatic artifacts due to net‐charge changes in the calculation of ligand binding free energies
Authors: Öhlknecht Christoph , Lier Bettina , Petrov Drazen , Fuchs Julian , Oostenbrink Chris 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlchemically derived free energies are artifacted when the perturbed moiety has a nonzero net charge. The source of the artifacts lies in the effective treatment of the electrostatic interactions within and between the perturbed atoms and remaining (partial) charges in the simulated system. To treat the electrostatic interactions effectively, lattice‐summation (LS) methods or cutoff schemes in combination with a reaction‐field contribution are usually employed. Both methods render the charging component of the calculated free energies sensitive to essential parameters of the system like the cutoff radius or the box side lengths. Here, we discuss the results of three previously published studies of ligand binding. These studies presented estimates of binding free energies that were artifacted due to the charged nature of the ligands. We show that the size of the artifacts can be efficiently calculated and raw simulation data can be corrected. We compare the corrected results with experimental estimates and nonartifacted estimates from path‐sampling methods. Although the employed correction scheme involves computationally demanding continuum‐electrostatics calculations, we show that the correction estimate can be deduced from a small sample of configurations rather than from the entire ensemble. This observation makes the calculations of correction terms feasible for complex biological systems. To show the general applicability of the proposed procedure, we also present results where the correction scheme was used to correct independent free energies obtained from simulations employing a cutoff scheme or LS electrostatics. In this work, we give practical guidelines on how to apply the appropriate corrections easily.
A pilot investigation of universal school‐based prevention programs for anxiety and depression symptomology in children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Johnstone Kristy M. , Middleton Tracey , Kemps Eva , Chen Junwen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe current study aimed to provide a preliminary evaluation of two universal school‐based prevention programs, Emotion Regulation (ER) and Behavioral Activation (BA), by increasing resilience to manage excessive worry, a transdiagnostic feature across anxiety and depression.MethodPrimary school children (N = 295; 52.5% female; 8–13 years) from five Australian schools were cluster randomized to an ER, BA or usual class control condition. Outcome measures included resilience, worry, anxiety, and depression symptomology; ER and BA were measured as potential mediators. Participants completed measures at pre‐ and postprogram, and at 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsChildren in the BA condition showed increased resilience at 6 months. Expressive suppression mediated the effects of both programs on worry.ConclusionThe current study aimed to provide a preliminary evaluation of two universal school‐based prevention programs, ER and BA, by increasing resilience to manage excessive worry, a transdiagnostic feature across anxiety and depression.
Repeatability of low scan rate cyclic voltammetry in bioelectrochemical systems and effects on their performance
Authors: Ruiz Yolanda , Baeza Juan A , Montpart Nuria , Moral‐Vico Javier , Baeza Mireia , Guisasola Albert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCyclic voltammetry (CV) has become a standard tool in the study of bioelectrochemical systems (BES) because it is a nondestructive technique that provides useful information on the electron transfer capacity of these systems. When applied to the large‐surface electrodes typically found in BES, the scan rate must be severely diminished or otherwise the capacitive current masks the faradaic current. Decreasing the scan rate results in an increase in the duration of the experiments, which can lead to a significant alteration of the initial system conditions.ResultsThe repeatability of low scan rate cyclic voltammetry (LSCV) in air cathode microbial fuel cells (AC‐MFCs) operating in batch mode was examined. Consecutive LSCVs at 0.1 mV s−1 were recorded with and without prior renewal of the culture medium. Significant deviations in CV replicates were observed when the medium was not replaced (as high as 40% of maximum intensity). These deviations decreased (<18%) when the medium was refreshed, indicating that significant changes in the culture medium composition occurred during LSCVs. Additional electrochemical tests showed that the peak in the forward scan was probably the result of an accumulation of charge in the anodic system.ConclusionLSCV can affect the response of AC‐MFCs working in batch mode and cast doubt on the repeatability of these experiments, observing differences as high as 40% in maximum intensity. Renewing the culture medium is recommended to improve the repeatability of LSCV replicates. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of fish scales as an adsorbent of organic matter present in the treatment of landfill leachate
Authors: Poblete Rodrigo , Cortes Ernesto , Bakit José , Luna‐Galiano Yolanda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the removal of organic pollutants present in landfill leachate (LL) using an adsorption process with activated carbon (AC) obtained from fish scales, and subsequently evaluates the reduction of toxicity in the wastewater obtained from the process. The AC obtained is a mesoporous material, with a cumulative pore area of 1.57 m2 g−1, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) of 1.8329 m2 g−1 and adsorption average pore width of 12.79833 nm. The maximum removal of pollutants was achieved at natural pH (6.71) of the LL, with a load of 3 g L−1, resulting in 60.1% colour and 37.3% chemical oxygen demand (COD). The rate of COD removal per g of AC increase had a maximum value of 5.6 at pH 10 when passing from 0.5 to 1 g AC. The lowest rate of 0.6 occurred for the same pH when it passed from 1 to 2 g AC. At pH 3 the second lowest rate of 3.3 was observed when passing from 2 to 3 g AC. At pH 3 there was always an increase in the rate as more AC was added. Conversely, at natural pH 6.71 the rate tended to decrease. At pH 10 the rate first decreased and then increased. At acidic pH, because it is the one with the lowest COD removal, it would be expected that by adding more AC the rate would continue to increase as there are easily accessible sites still available. Langmuir isotherms fitted adequately with the experimental data, providing an R2 of 0.9657, which is consistent with a monolayer adsorption pattern. The LL before the adsorption process had an inhibition ratio of 20.4%, due to the fact that leachate can be toxic because of the presence of hazardous organic compounds. After adsorption processes at pH 6.71, the inhibition ratios were 16.9%, 13.8%, 12.2% and 10.9% at AC loads of 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 g L−1, respectively, due to decreasing COD and colour of the LL over the course of the treatment. It was observed that the reduction of the inhibition ratio was greater at higher loads of adsorbent. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Exercise before pregnancy attenuates the effects of prenatal stress in adult mice in a sex‐dependent manner
Authors: Luft Carolina , Levices Isadora Perez , da Costa Mariana Severo , Haute Gabriela Viegas , Grassi‐Oliveira Rodrigo , de Oliveira Jarbas Rodrigues , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the long‐term effects of exercise before pregnancy on changes induced by prenatal stress. Female and male Balb/c mice were divided into three groups: control (CON), prenatal restraint stress (PNS), and exercise before the gestational period plus PNS (EX + PNS). As adult, fear/anxiety behavior, corticosterone secretion, expression of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA)‐related genes, as well as epigenetic modifications were evaluated. Exercise before gestation did not prevent the increased fear/anxiety behavior in PNS mice. A nearly significant (p = .06) basal corticosterone increase was observed in PNS males and the exercise before pregnancy reduced the stress‐induced corticosterone increase in PNS females. In addition, an increase on prefrontal cortex (PFC) CRHR1 gene expression was observed in PNS females, which was attenuated by the exercise before gestation. We have also found a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene expression decrease in the prefrontal cortex in PNS males, as well as a histone H3 acetylation decrease (p = .06) close to the significance level. In conclusion, pregestational exercise may attenuate developmental changes induced by prenatal stress in a sex‐dependent manner.
X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy: Pathology, pathophysiology, diagnostic testing, newborn screening and therapies
Authors: Turk Bela R. , Theda Christiane , Fatemi Ali , Moser Ann B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare X‐linked disease caused by a mutation of the peroxisomal ABCD1 gene. This review summarizes our current understanding of the pathogenic cell‐ and tissue‐specific roles of lipid species in the context of experimental therapeutic strategies and provides an overview of critical historical developments, therapeutic trials and the advent of newborn screening in the USA. In ALD, very long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) chain length‐dependent dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial radical generating systems inducing cell death pathways has been shown, providing the rationale for therapeutic moiety‐specific VLCFA reduction and antioxidant strategies. The continuing increase in newborn screening programs and promising results from ongoing and recent therapeutic investigations provide hope for ALD.
Three‐component electrosynthesis of spirooxindole‐pyran derivatives through a simple and efficient method
Authors: Makarem Somayeh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn eco‐friendly and highly efficient process has been applied to synthesize spirooxindole‐pyran derivatives in a one‐pot container via a three‐component reaction of isatins, malononitrile, and an enolizable CH‐activated compound of diethyl 3‐oxopentanedioate under constant current in n‐propanol under a temperature of 50°C. The proposed method shows high yields through green reaction conditions along with other significant advantages. Among which stand out applying clean electrons as a reproducible source of energy instead of an organic catalyst, using an environmentally friendly solvent for instance propanol, a multicomponent reaction with mild condition happening in a one‐pot container, and no chromatographic separation.