bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refinement of cg05575921 demethylation response in nascent smoking
Authors: Dawes Kelsey , Andersen Allan , Papworth Emma , Hundley Brandon , Hutchens Natasha , El Manawy Heba , Becker Ashley , Sampson Luke , Philibert Willem , Gibbons Frederick X. , Gerrard Meg , Philibert Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe initiation of adolescent smoking is difficult to detect using carbon monoxide or cotinine assays. Previously, we and others have shown that the methylation of cg05575921 is an accurate predictor of adult smoking status. But the dose and time dependency of the demethylation response to smoking initiation in adolescents is not yet well understood. To this end, we conducted three consecutive annual in-person interviews and biological samplings of 448 high school students (wave 1 (W1)-wave 3 (W3)). At W1 (n = 448), 62 subjects reported using tobacco and 72 subjects reported using cannabis at least once in their life-time with 38 and 20 subjects having a positive cotinine and cannabinoid levels, respectively, at W1 intake. At W3 (n = 383), 67 subjects reported using tobacco and 60 subjects reported using cannabis at least once with 75 and 60 subjects having positive cotinine and cannabinoid levels, respectively, at W3. Subjects with undetectable cotinine levels at all three-time waves had stable levels of cg05575921 methylation throughout the study (88.7% at W1 and 88.8% at W3, n = 149), while subjects with positive cotinine levels at all 3 time points manifested a steady decrease in cg05575921 methylation (81.8% at W1 and 71.3% at the W3, n = 12). In those subjects with an affirmative smoking self-report at W3 (n = 17), the amount of demethylation at cg05575921 was correlated with time and intensity of smoking. We conclude that cg05575921 methylation is a sensitive, dose-dependent indicator of early stages of smoking, and may help to identify smokers in the early stages of smoking.
Event-triggered sampled-data synchronization of complex networks with time-varying coupling delays
Authors: Yang Yang , Long Yue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the event-triggered sampled-data synchronization problem of complex networks with time-varying coupling delays. The sampled-data controller is designed with event-triggered mechanisms. Some results in terms of a linear matrix inequality are obtained to guarantee the asymptotical synchronization of complex networks with time-varying coupling delays. Lastly, we test the effectiveness of the proposed method via some numerical examples.
Numerical solution for the time-fractional Fokker–Planck equation via shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the fourth kind
Authors: Habenom Haile , Suthar D. L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a numerical approach for solving the time-fractional Fokker–Planck equation (FFPE). The authors use the shifted Chebyshev collocation method and the finite difference method (FDM) to present the fractional Fokker–Planck equation into systems of nonlinear equations; the Newton–Raphson method is used to produce approximate results for the nonlinear systems. The results obtained from the FFPE demonstrate the simplicity and efficiency of the proposed method.
Inter-individual differences in foraging tactics of a colonial raptor: consistency, weather effects, and fitness correlates
Authors: Cecere Jacopo G. , De Pascalis Federico , Imperio Simona , Ménard Delphine , Catoni Carlo , Griggio Matteo , Rubolini Diego 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundConsistent inter-individual differences in behavioural phenotypes may entail differences in energy efficiency and expenditure, with different fitness payoffs. In colonial-breeding species, inter-individual differences in foraging behaviour may evolve to reduce resource use overlap among conspecifics exploiting shared foraging areas. Furthermore, individual differences in foraging behaviour may covary with individual characteristics, such as sex or physiological conditions.MethodsWe investigated individual differences in foraging tactics of a colonial raptor, the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni). We tracked foraging trips of breeding individuals using miniaturized biologgers. We classified behaviours from GPS data and identified tactics at the foraging trip level by cluster analysis. We then estimated energy expenditure associated to each tactic from tri-axial accelerometer data.ResultsWe obtained 489 foraging trips by 36 individuals. Two clusters of trips were identified, one (SF) characterized by more static foraging behaviour and the other (DF) by more dynamic foraging behaviour, with a higher proportion of flying activity and a higher energy expenditure compared to SF. Lesser kestrels showed consistent inter-individual differences in foraging tactics across weather condition gradients, favouring DF trips as solar radiation and crosswind intensity increased. DF trips were more frequent during the nestling-rearing than during the egg incubation stage. Nestlings whose tracked parent was more prone to perform DF trips experienced higher daily mass increase, irrespective of nestling feeding rates.ConclusionsOur study provided evidence that breeding lesser kestrels flexibly adopted different foraging tactics according to contingent weather landscapes, with birds showing consistent inter-individual differences in the tendency to adopt a given tactic. The positive correlation between the tendency to perform more energy-demanding DF trips and nestling growth suggests that individual differences in foraging behaviour may play a role in maintaining key life-history trade-offs between reproduction and self-maintenance.
Plant chemical priming by humic acids
Authors: Canellas Luciano P. , Canellas Natália O. A. , da S. Irineu Luiz Eduardo Souza , Olivares Fábio L. , Piccolo Alessandro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlobal market of humic substances has been increasing steadily based on the perception of the multifunctional properties as plant biostimulant, microbial vehicle and plant protective agent against environmental stress. Some field assays and many experimental observations have shown that humic matter could relieve the abiotic stress effects. Here, we explored the plant chemical priming effect concept, i.e., plant preconditioning by prior exposure to an appropriate dose of humic acids with the objective to reduce toxicity from a subsequent harmful exposure to abiotic stressor, such as salinity, drought, heavy metals and humic acids themselves.Materials and methodsThe prime state (PS) was characterized using traditional stress markers like proline content and catalase activity was well as the transcription level of mRNA of phytohormones-responsive genes, cell signaling, stress-responsive genes and transcription factors. A dose–response curve was built for stressor agents since maize seedlings in the PS were submitted to salinity, drought, chromium toxicity and humic acids concentration to reduce 50% of root fresh weight with respect to control plants.ResultsThe PS or adaptive response by biostimulation of humic substances was described at transcriptional level, where the hormonal signaling pathways including abscisic acid, gibberellic and auxins, specific abiotic functional and regulatory stress-responsive genes were positively modulated. The negative impact of stressor agents was alleviated in the maize seedlings primed by humic acids.ConclusionChemical priming by humic substances is a promising field tool in plant stress physiology and crop stress management.
Precision-based modeling approaches for necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Kovler Mark L. , Sodhi Chhinder P. , Hackam David J. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature infants and remains stubbornly difficult to treat in many cases. Much of our understanding of NEC pathogenesis has been gained through the study of highly translational animal models. However, most models of NEC are limited by their overall complexity and by the fact that they do not incorporate human tissue. To address these limitations, investigators have recently developed precision-based ex vivo models of NEC, also termed ‘NEC-in-a-dish’ models, which provide the opportunity to increase our understanding of this disease and for drug discovery. These approaches involve exposing intestinal cells from either humans or animals with or without NEC to a combination of environmental and microbial factors associated with NEC pathogenesis. This Review highlights the current progress in the field of NEC model development, introduces NEC-in-a-dish models as a means to understand NEC pathogenesis and examines the fundamental questions that remain unanswered in NEC research. By answering these questions, and through a renewed focus on precision model development, the research community may finally achieve enduring success in improving the outcome of patients with this devastating disease.
Pediatric Patient With Concurrent Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Erosive Reflux Esophagitis, and Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: Sharma Ishna , Foster Chris , Jensen Todd , Balarezo Fabiola , Finck Christine , Sayej Wael 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Eosinophilic esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus are believed to be separate disease processes, with erosive esophagitis leading to Barrett's esophagus. We report a rare case of concurrent diagnoses in a pediatric patient and examine the relevant genetic profiles in the esophagus.
Crisis familiares y rendimiento académico en niños de 8 a 10 años. Una aproximación desde la dinámica familiar
Authors: Viveros Edison Francisco , González Ana Lucía , De Los Ríos Diana Paola , Marín Maryori 
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada con familias de estudiantes de 8 a 10 años del Colegio Sagrados Corazones, con el fin de establecer la relación entre crisis familiar y rendimiento académico. El trabajo se adelantó mediante un diseño cualitativo y enfoque fenomenológico; la estrategia implementada fue la historia oral, y para la generación de la información se usó la entrevista semiestructurada. Para el análisis e interpretación de la información se usó el software Atlas-Ti. De los resultados se deduce que la crisis en sí misma no genera el bajo rendimiento académico y permite plantear que son los padres quienes no propician los mecanismos suficientes para afrontar esta situación. En conclusión, hay relación entre la crisis familiar y rendimiento académico, el cual tiende a disminuir no solo por la crisis familiar, sino que influye de manera definitiva la forma de afrontarla y el acompañamiento de los padres hacia los hijos.
The Unusual Cruelty of Nursing Homes Behind Bars
Authors: López Rachel E. 
Published: June 2020

The elderly prison population continues to rise along with higher rates of dementia behind bars. To maintain the detention of this elderly population, federal and state prisons are creating long-term care units, which in turn carry a heavy financial burden. Prisons are thus gearing up to become nursing homes, but without the proper trained staff and adequate financial support. The costs both to taxpayers and to human dignity are only now becoming clear. This article squarely addresses the second dimension of this carceral practice, that is the cost to human dignity. Namely, it sets out why indefinitely incarcerating someone with dementia or other neurocognitive disorders violates the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.
This conclusion derives from the confluence of two lines of U.S. Supreme Court precedent. First, in Madison v. Alabama, the Court recently held that executing someone (in Madison’s case someone with dementia) who cannot rationally understand their sentence amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. Second, in line with Miller v. Alabama, which puts life without parole (LWOP) sentences in the same class as death sentences due to their irrevocability, this holding should be extended to LWOP sentences. Put another way, this article explains why being condemned to life is equivalent to death for someone whose neurodegenerative disease is so severe that they cannot rationally understand their punishment.
Global Communication Competence: a Framework of Intercultural Skills Development in Sport and Tourism Higher Education
Authors: Lukianets Halyna , Lukianets Tetiana 
Published: June 2020

Purpose. The research aims at multi-faceted study of global communication competence, which is a vital soft skill for professional development of students, acquiring their degrees in sport and tourism.
Materials and methods. Qualitative research methods applied in the research include theoretical analysis of relevant scientific findings, synthesis and modelling, pedagogical observation and evaluation. Quantitative analysis relates to questioning and data processing, in particular, 50-question Intercultural Quiz, conducted among 352 students of NUUPES and NUFT.
Results. The conducted research of global communication competence of the first and fifth year university sport and tourism students shows clear correlation between the level of education and gained global communication expertise, presented by the communicative skills of critical thinking and cooperation. The analysis of statistic data has proved that along with improved self-awareness, disciplines more than doubled students’ global communication competence within five academic years. In addition to quantitative improvement, the quality of the intercultural communication is enhanced, as essential professional skills are gained in the sphere of students’ future occupation. Professional orientation of global communication competence outlines sportive and medical inclination of NUUPES students’ higher education, and tourism and hospitality focus of NUFT students’ training.
Conclusions. The results of the study have proven that contemporary university students who get degrees in the fields of sport and tourism perceive culturally-bound information when attending their on-line and off-line academic courses and participating in various multicultural events in and outside university setting. In this way they acquire attitudes and values of self-awareness and recognition of ethnical diversity. Established values transform into production and result in implementation of culturally aware behaviour, represented by a high level of self-evaluation and persuasion abilities directed to effective, yet tolerant way of problem solving and shared responsibility.
Молодые врачи в городе и в селе: особенности профессиональной идентичности
Authors: Галкин Константин Александрович 
Published: June 2020

Цитирование: Галкин К.А. (2020) Молодые врачи в городе и в селе: особенности профессиональной идентичности // Мир России. Т. 29. № 3. С. 142–161. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-3-142-161
В статье представлены результаты исследования профессиональной идентичности молодых сельских и городских врачей. Медики как профессиональная группа имеют различные атрибуты профессиональной принадлежности: этические кодексы и стандарты, образовательную систему, одежду и сленг, ассоциации, ритуалы общения и иерархизированную структуру внутри самой профессии. В работе предпринята попытка взглянуть на профессиональную идентичность и врачебную профессию с точки зрения особенностей локаций, где практикуют медики, и представить их работу не с позиций функционалистского взгляда на работу врача или общности города или села, а как индивидуальное видение своей принадлежности к профессии (конструирования профессиональной идентичности). Как показало исследование, профессия медика – во многом городская профессия, и идентичность врача, конструируемая в городе, связана с возможностями быть участником профессиональных сообществ и профессиональной жизни. Сельская местность с  ее специфической социальной экологией и особой социальной тканью обусловливает проблемы, связанные с потерей демаркационной линии между профессиональной идентичностью и  идентичностью локальной. Это создает трудности в мотивации работы врачей и сложности в понимании индивидом своей профессиональной принадлежности. В  перспективе решение проблем видится в создании профессиональных сообществ молодых медиков в сельской местности и формировании пространств для маркирования профессиональной идентичности врачами в рамках досуговых практик в селе, а также в  специальной подготовке медиков к работе в селе и ее многозадачности.
В цепких объятиях прошлого
Authors: Смирнов Сергей Николаевич 
Published: June 2020

Цитирование: Смирнов С.Н. (2020) В цепких объятиях прошлого // Мир России. Т. 29. № 3. С. 162–176. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-3-162-176
Переосмысление содержания советского эксперимента, начавшегося в годы перестройки, не привело к желаемым результатам. Признание созданной в СССР в первые десятилетия советской власти экономической системы порочной, а политического режима – преступным оказалось невозможным для десятков миллионов граждан страны, которые по-прежнему верят в некогда могущественного вождя И.В. Сталина (Джугашвили), от настоящей фамилии которого образовано первое слово в названии книги Д.Б. Орешкина «Джугафилия и советский статистический эпос». Более того, любые попытки реформировать режим, последовавшие после 1953 г. и особенно после 1985 г., и сейчас многими рассматриваются как преступления, а проводники и лидеры реформ (Н.С. Хрущев, М.С.  Горбачев, Б.Н. Ельцин) – как государственные преступники, которые должны сесть на скамью подсудимых. Основной причиной такого неприятия является то, что виртуальная реальность, которая была создана в СССР на основе коммунистической идеологии с использованием различных инструментов, прежде всего статистических, стала оцениваться многими как подлинная, отказ от которой означает предательство. Образ жизни на основе этой виртуальной реальности начал восприниматься как единственно верный и справедливый. Для Д.Б. Орешкина анализ статистического обеспечения политического режима в СССР является важнейшим. Расхождения между планировавшимися показателями и реальными достижениями рассматриваются им на примерах железнодорожного строительства, коллективизации сельского хозяйства, прокладки каналов. В том случае, если цифры, предоставлявшиеся партийному руководству, противоречили идеологическим установкам, практиковалось физическое устранение неугодных (наиболее яркий пример – репрессии против организаторов переписи населения СССР в 1937 г.). Впрочем, провалы в экономической политике также связывались с деятельностью вредителей. И в  настоящее время восприятие прошлого страны сквозь призму агиографии рассматривается автором как тормоз развития современной России.
Relationship between representation and severity of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and comorbidities
Authors: Sofronov Aleksandr G. , Zaytsev Dmitrij E. , Zaytsev Il’ya D. , Titov Nikolaj A. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To study representation and distribution of comorbidities, their relationship with clinical presentation and severity of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, with age of onset of motor and vocal tics.
Methods. Were examined 58 children (44 boys, 14 girls) at the age of 11.070.52 years (418 years old) with observation period from 1 to 10 years with diagnosis of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. All patients were examined by child psychiatrist, neurologist, child psychologist to clarify diagnosis and psychopathological comorbidities. Comorbidities were determined by clinical-psychopathological method and by standardized scales.
Results. In the course of the research there were identified the main comorbid disorders, their representation, prevalence and relationship with tic disorder. The results of the study allow us to conceptualize separately comorbid disorders and complex tic-like symptoms. According to the study, comorbid disorders tend to develop on their own, while a number of specific features tend to manifest themselves, increasing representation during the course of development of the main tic disorder.
Conclusion. Such specific features as self-injurious behaviors, non-obscene, socially inappropriate behaviors, coprophenomena, echophenomena; and paliphenomend are proposed to be called complex tic-like symptoms. In our opinion, we should differentiate and separately classify complex tic-like symptoms from mental comorbidities, that have their own development regardless of the course of tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.
Developing the First Intensity Prediction Equation Based on the Environmental Scale Intensity: A Case Study from Strong Normal-Faulting Earthquakes in the Italian Apennines
Authors: Ferrario Maria Francesca , Livio Franz , Capizzano Stefano Serra , Michetti Alessandro M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarthquakes produce effects on the built and natural environment, the severity of which decays with distance from the epicenter. Empirical relations describing the intensity attenuation with distance are fundamental for seismic hazard assessment and for deriving parameters for preinstrumental events. Seismic intensity is usually assigned based on damage to buildings and infrastructures; this can be challenging for intensity degrees higher than X or when macroseismic fields of multiple events close in time are overlapping. A complementary approach is the study of earthquake environmental effects (EEEs), which are used to assign intensity on the environmental scale intensity (ESI) scale. However, a quantitative comparison between the ESI and traditional scales, and an equation describing the ESI attenuation with distance are still lacking. Here, we analyze 14 historical and instrumental events (time window 1688–2016) in the central and southern Apennines (Italy), comparing ESI and Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg (MCS) intensities. Our results show that ESI consistently provides higher intensity near the epicenter and the attenuation is steeper than MCS. We derive the first intensity prediction equation for the ESI scale, which computes local intensity as a function of distance and epicentral intensity value. We document that, in the near field, the MCS attenuation for shallow crustal events occurred in the twenty-first century is steeper than previous events, whereas the ESI attenuation shows a consistent behavior through time. This result questions the reliability of current empirical relations for the investigation of future events. We recommend including EEEs in intensity assignments because they can guarantee consistency through time and help in evaluating the spatial and temporal evolution of damage progression during seismic sequences, thus ultimately improving seismic risk assessment.