bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of periprocedural intravenous morphine use on clinical outcomes in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Batchelor Riley , Liu David Hongwei , Bloom Jason , Noaman Samer , Chan William 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies examining the impact of periprocedural intravenous morphine on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).BackgroundMorphine analgesia may reduce the absorption of co‐prescribed P2Y12 antagonists attenuating platelet inhibition. The impact of periprocedural intravenous morphine on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing PCI for STEMI is not well defined.MethodsAnalysis of the electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov for association of peri‐PCI intravenous morphine use with in‐hospital or 30‐day myocardial infarction (MI) (primary outcome) and in‐hospital or 30‐day mortality.ResultsA total of 11 studies were included for systematic review. One study was a randomized controlled trial, 10 were observational studies. Five studies including 3,748 patients were included in meta‐analysis of in‐hospital or 30‐day MI. Within this group, patients were treated concurrently with ticagrelor (n = 2,239), clopidogrel (n = 1,256) and prasugrel (n = 253). There was no significant association of in‐hospital or 30‐day MI with intravenous morphine (odds ratio 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–4.09; I2 0%). Across seven studies and 5,800 patients, no increased risk of mortality at the same composite time endpoint was evident (odds ratio 0.70; 95% CI 0.40–1.23; I2 19%).ConclusionsPeriprocedural intravenous morphine administration was not associated with adverse short‐term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI. Further randomized trial data are needed to evaluate the pharmacologic interaction between morphine and P2Y12 antagonists with clinical outcomes.
Convergent in situ Generation of Both Transketolase Substrates via Transaminase and Aldolase Reactions for Sequential One‐Pot, Three‐Step Cascade Synthesis of Ketoses
Authors: Lorillière Marion , Guérard‐Hélaine Christine , Gefflaut Thierry , Fessner Wolf‐Dieter , Clapés Pere , Charmantray Franck , Hecquet Laurence 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe an efficient three‐enzyme, sequential one‐pot cascade reaction where both transketolase substrates are generated in situ in a convergent fashion. The nucleophilic donor substrate hydroxypyruvate was obtained from l‐serine and pyruvate by a transaminase‐catalyzed reaction. In parallel, three different (2S)‐α‐hydroxylated aldehydes, l‐glyceraldehyde, d‐threose, and l‐erythrose, were generated as electrophilic acceptors from simple achiral compounds glycolaldehyde and formaldehyde by d‐fructose‐6‐phosphate aldolase catalysis. The compatibility of the three enzymes was studied in terms of temperature, enzyme ratio and substrate concentration. The efficiency of the process relied on the irreversibility of the transketolase reaction, driving a shift of the reversible transamination reaction and securing the complete conversion of all substrates. Three valuable (3S,4S)‐ketoses, l‐ribulose, d‐tagatose, and l‐psicose were obtained in good yields with high diastereoselectivity.
Platinum‐Supported Zirconia Nanotube Arrays Supported on Graphene Aerogels Modified with Metal–Organic Frameworks: Adsorption and Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature
Authors: Tan Haocun , Chen Dongyun , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Lu Jianmei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrecious‐metal catalysts (e.g., Au, Rh, Ag, Ru, Pt, and Pd) supported on transition‐metal oxides (e.g., Al2O3, Fe2O3, CeO2, ZrO2, Co3O4, MnO2, TiO2, and NiO) can effectively oxidize volatile organic compounds. In this study, porous platinum‐supported zirconia materials have been prepared by a “surface‐casting” method. The synthesized catalysts present an ordered nanotube structure and exhibited excellent performance toward the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde. A facile method, utilizing a boiling water bath, was used to fabricate graphene aerogel (GA), and the macroscopic 3D Pt/ZrO2‐GA was modified by introducing an adjustable MOF coating by a surface step‐by‐step method. The unblocked mesoporous structure of the graphene aerogel facilitates the ingress and egress of reactants and product molecules. The selected 7 wt.% Pt/ZrO2‐GA‐MOF‐5 composite demonstrated excellent performance for HCHO adsorption. Additionally, this catalyst achieved around 90 % conversion when subjected to a reaction temperature of 70 °C (T90 %=70 °C). The Pt/ZrO2‐GA‐MOF‐5 composite induces a catalytic cycle, increasing the conversion by simultaneously adsorbing and oxidizing HCHO. This work provides a simple approach to increasing reactant concentration on the catalyst to increase the rate of reaction.
Setting the Foundations of Aqueous Three‐Phase Systems (A3PS) in the Quest for a Rational Design
Authors: Morandeira Lois , Sanromán M. Ángeles , Rodríguez Ana , Deive Francisco J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis work presents the first in‐depth study of Aqueous Three‐Phase Systems (A3PS) with the main purpose of unveiling their behaviour, hence contributing to the development of this new field. Thus, a complete definition of a quaternary system was carried through by describing all the regions in detail to represent them later on in a regular‐tetrahedral diagram. The three aqueous faces of the tetrahedron demonstrated an undeviating influence in the segregation capacity. Furthermore, a method for comparing Aqueous Biphasis Systems (ABS) immiscibilities was set up in order to allow the evaluation and detection of the “limiting ABS” for the three‐phase region. Finally, all this information was compiled and utilised to obtain a new strategy for an A3PS rational design, which can be applied with ABS libraries or in an experimental approach. In this sense, this strategy represents an undoubted advance towards future studies and development of A3PS, as this sequential application of the constructed knowledge is assumed to save time and resources.
Hypoglycaemic episodes increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest in patients with type 2 diabetes—A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hsieh Yu‐Cheng , Liao Ying‐Chieh , Li Cheng‐Hung , Lin Jiunn‐Cherng , Weng Chi‐Jen , Lin Che‐Chen , Lo Chu‐Pin , Huang Kuo‐Ching , Huang Jin‐Long , Lin Ching‐Heng , Wang Jun‐Sing , Wu Tsu‐Juey , Sheu Wayne H.‐H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of hypoglycaemic episode (HE) on the risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains unclear. We hypothesized that HE increases the risk of both VA and SCA and that glucose‐lowering agents causing HE also increase the risk of VA/SCA in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsPatients aged 20 years or older with newly diagnosed T2D were identified using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. HE was defined as the presentation of hypoglycaemic coma or specified/unspecified hypoglycaemia. The control group consisted of T2D patients without HE. The primary outcome was the occurrence of VA (including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation) and SCA during the defined follow‐up periods. A multivariate Cox hazards regression model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for VA or SCA.ResultsA total of 54 303 patients were screened, with 1037 patients with HE assigned to the HE group and 4148 frequency‐matched patients without HE constituting the control group. During a mean follow‐up period of 3.3 ± 2.5 years, 29 VA/SCA events occurred. Compared with the control group, HE group had a higher incidence of VA/SCA (adjusted HR: 2.42, P = .04). Patients who had used insulin for glycaemic control showed an increased risk of VA/SCA compared with patients who did not receive insulin (adjusted HR: 3.05, P = .01).ConclusionsThe HEs in patients with T2D increased the risk of VA/SCA, compared with those who did not experience HEs. Use of insulin also independently increased the risk of VA/SCA.
Weighting approaches for a genetic risk score and an oxidative stress score for predicting the incidence of obesity
Authors: Park Seonmin , Yoo Hye Jin , Jee Sun Ha , Lee Jong Ho , Kim Minjoo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to predict the incidence of obesity in a Korean population using a genetic risk score (GRS) constructed with obesity‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along with an oxidative stress score (OSS).MethodsA total of 9460 Korean subjects and 356 974 SNPs were included. The GRS was constructed using three significant obesity‐related SNP loci, and the OSS was calculated with three reliable oxidative stress biomarkers.ResultsThe GRS showed a more significant association with increased obesity (OR = 2.879) than did individual SNPs after adjusting for age and sex. Three oxidative stress biomarkers, including malondialdehyde, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, and 8‐epi‐prostaglandin F2α, showed significantly high levels in the obese group. The OSS, which was the sum of each oxidative stress biomarker score, showed a markedly high association with the incidence of obesity, with an OR of 3.213. Based on the results of the regression tests and a receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we found that HOMA‐IR, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), the GRS, and the OSS were the most relevant factors for the increased risk of obesity and were significantly associated with the incidence of obesity. The area under the ROC curve was improved when the GRS was added to the model (from 74.2% to 75.1%).ConclusionsWe first identified that subjects with an obesity GRS and a high OSS might have a higher risk of obesity. Our findings and weighting approaches were effective in predicting the incidence of obesity; furthermore, the GRS is a relevant factor that significantly predicts the risk of obesity.
Bioformation of boldenone and related precursors/metabolites in equine feces and urine, with relevance to doping control
Authors: Viljanto Marjaana , Kicman Andrew T. , Walker Christopher J. , Wolff Kim , Muir Tessa , Hincks Pamela , Biddle Simon , Scarth James 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBoldenone (1‐dehydrotestosterone) is an exogenous anabolic‐androgenic steroid (AAS) but is also known to be endogenous in the entire male horse and potentially formed by microbes in voided urine, the gastrointestinal tract, or feed resulting in its detection in urine samples. In this study, equine fecal and urine samples were incubated in the presence of selected stable isotope labeled AAS precursors to investigate whether microbial activity could result in 1‐dehydrogenation, in particular the formation of boldenone. Fecal matter was initially selected for investigation because of its high microbial activity, which could help to identify potential 1‐dehydrogenated biomarkers that might also be present in low quantities in urine. Fecal incubations displayed Δ1‐dehydrogenase activity, as evidenced by the use of isotope labeled precursors to show the formation of boldenone and boldione from testosterone and androstenedione, as well as the formation of Δ1‐progesterone and boldione from progesterone. Unlabeled forms were also produced in unspiked fecal samples with Δ1‐progesterone being identified for the first time. Subsequent incubation of urine samples with the labeled AAS precursors demonstrated that Δ1‐dehydrogenase activity can also occur in this matrix. In all urine samples where labeled boldenone or boldione were detected, labeled Δ1‐progesterone was also detected. Δ1‐progesterone was not detected any non‐incubated urine samples or following an administration of boldenone undecylenate to one mare/filly. Δ1‐progesterone appears to be a candidate for further investigation as a suitable biomarker to help evaluate whether boldenone present in a urine sample may have arisen due to microbial activity rather than by its exogenous administration.
Fuels treatment and wildfire effects on runoff from Sierra Nevada mixed‐conifer forests
Authors: Saksa Philip C. , Bales Roger C. , Tague Christina L. , Battles John J. , Tobin Benjamin W. , Conklin M.H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe applied an eco‐hydrologic model (Regional Hydro‐Ecologic Simulation System [RHESSys]), constrained with spatially distributed field measurements, to assess the impacts of forest‐fuel treatments and wildfire on hydrologic fluxes in two Sierra Nevada firesheds. Strategically placed fuels treatments were implemented during 2011–2012 in the upper American River in the central Sierra Nevada (43 km2) and in the upper Fresno River in the southern Sierra Nevada (24 km2). This study used the measured vegetation changes from mechanical treatments and modelled vegetation change from wildfire to determine impacts on the water balance. The well‐constrained headwater model was transferred to larger catchments based on geologic and hydrologic similarities. Fuels treatments covered 18% of the American and 29% of the Lewis catchment. Averaged over the entire catchment, treatments in the wetter central Sierra Nevada resulted in a relatively light vegetation decrease (8%), leading to a 12% runoff increase, averaged over wet and dry years. Wildfire with and without forest treatments reduced vegetation by 38% and 50% and increased runoff by 55% and 67%, respectively. Treatments in the drier southern Sierra Nevada also reduced the spatially averaged vegetation by 8%, but the runoff response was limited to an increase of less than 3% compared with no treatment. Wildfire following treatments reduced vegetation by 40%, increasing runoff by 13%. Changes to catchment‐scale water‐balance simulations were more sensitive to canopy cover than to leaf area index, indicating that the pattern as well as amount of vegetation treatment is important to hydrologic response.
Discrimination of hydrologic variations for spatial distribution of fish assemblage in a large subtropical temperate river
Authors: Espínola Luis A. , Abrial Elie , Rabuffetti Ana P. , Simōes Nadson R. , Amsler Mario L. , Blettler Martin C.M. , Eurich Maria F. , Paira Aldo R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study examines the effects of the flow and flood pulses on spatial dispersion of fish assemblages in the floodplain of the Paraná River in Argentina. We tested the hypothesis that high water levels and greater lateral connectivity promote fish dispersal and spatial homogenization of assemblage structure. We sampled four sites during different phases of the annual hydrologic cycle from 2010 to 2016. Water surface in the area was estimated during each phase. We computed multivariate statistics and estimates of ß‐diversity to analyse assemblage variations in relation to hydrological phases. Three hydrological phases were defined: low flow pulses (water levels between 2.3 and 3.2, approximately 10% of the floodplain covered by water), high flow pulses (between 3.2 and 4.5, from 11 to 84%), and floods (> 4.5 m, more than 84%). Although difference between high flow pulses and flood was not significant, ß‐diversity values for these stages were higher than for low flow pulses. This suggests that floods and high flow pulses increase the spatial variability of fish assemblages, whereas homogenization processes occur later during low flow periods. This work provides further knowledge about the flood homogenization effect in a large unregulated floodplain where lateral connectivity still plays a significant role on ecological structuring processes.
Next‐generation serology: integrating cross‐sectional and capture–recapture approaches to infer disease dynamics
Authors: Gamble Amandine , Garnier Romain , Chambert Thierry , Gimenez Olivier , Boulinier Thierry 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo approaches have been classically used in disease ecology to estimate epidemiological parameters from field studies: cross‐sectional sampling from unmarked individuals and longitudinal capture–recapture setups, which generally involve more limited numbers of marked individuals due to cost and logistical constraints. Although the benefits of longitudinal setups are increasingly acknowledged in the disease ecology community, cross‐sectional data remain largely overrepresented in the literature, probably because of the inherent costs of longitudinal surveys. In this context, we used simulated data to compare the performances of cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs to estimate the force of infection (i.e., the rate at which susceptible individuals become infected). Then, inspired from recent method developments in quantitative ecology, we explore the benefits of integrating both cross‐sectional (seroprevalences) and longitudinal (individuals histories) data sets. In doing so, we investigate the effects of host species life history, antibody persistence, and degree of a priori knowledge and uncertainty on demographic and epidemiological parameters, as those are expected to affect in different ways the level of inference possible from the data. Our results highlight how those elements are important to consider in determining optimal sampling designs. In the case of long‐lived species exposed to infectious agents resulting in persistent antibody responses, integrated designs are especially valuable as they benefit from the performances of longitudinal designs even with relatively small longitudinal sample sizes. As an illustration, we apply this approach to a combination of empirical and simulated data inspired from a case of bats exposed to a rabies virus. Overall, this work highlights that serology field studies could greatly benefit from the opportunity of integrating cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs.
Thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid energy system using geothermal and solar energy sources with thermal storage in a residential building
Authors: Seyam Shaimaa , Dincer Ibrahim , Agelin‐Chaab Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResidential buildings in Canada require remarkable heating loads in the winter. Many homeowners potentially consider more cost effective and environmentally‐benign solutions, including solar energy systems, in order to replace fossil fuels. However, this might not be efficient because many cities are exposed to minimum solar radiation resulting in large surface area of solar panels. Therefore, a hybrid energy system is designed to combine five photovoltaic thermal solar panels, a 300‐m geothermal loop, and 9463.53‐kg water of phase change material thermal battery storage for a residential building of 325 m2 total floor space in the city of Oshawa, Canada. The building has maximum heating and cooling loads of 13.8 and 8.7 kW, respectively. A thermodynamic analysis is applied to the system in January and the whole year. It was found that the solar panels can supply thermal energy and electrical power of 8 and 50 W, respectively, in January, while the geothermal and thermal storage energy can provide 16.8 and 9 kW over the year, respectively. The hybrid system requires an additional heating load of 1.85 kW from the furnace. The overall energetic and exergetic coefficient of performance of the system are estimated to be 54.58% and 3.34% in the winter and 42.6% and 4.47% in the summer, respectively.
RNA Interference Therapy With ARC‐520 Results in Prolonged Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Response in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Yuen Man‐Fung , Schiefke Ingolf , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Ahn Sang Hoon , Heo Jeong , Kim Ju Hyun , Lik Yuen Chan Henry , Yoon Ki Tae , Klinker Hartwig , Manns Michael , Petersen Joerg , Schluep Thomas , Hamilton James , Given Bruce D. , Ferrari Carlo , Lai Ching‐Lung , Locarnini Stephen A. , Gish Robert G. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims
ARC‐520, the first an RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic, was designed to reduce all RNA transcripts derived from covalently closed circular DNA, leading to a reduction in viral antigens and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA.

Approach and Results
We aimed to evaluate the depth of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) decline in response to multiple doses of ARC‐520 compared to placebo (PBO) in two randomized, multicenter studies in nucleoside/nucleotide analogue reverse‐transcriptase inhibitor (NUC)–experienced patients with hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg)–negative (E‐neg) or HBeAg‐positive (E‐pos) disease. A total of 58 E‐neg and 32 E‐pos patients were enrolled and received four monthly doses of PBO (n = 20 E‐neg, 11 E‐pos), 1 mg/kg ARC‐520 (n = 17 E‐neg, 10 E‐pos), or 2 mg/kg ARC‐520 (n = 21 E‐neg, 11 E‐pos) concomitantly with NUC. HBsAg change from baseline to 30 days after the last ARC‐520 dose were compared to PBO. Both E‐neg and E‐pos high‐dose groups significantly reduced HBsAg compared to PBO, with mean reductions of 0.38 and 0.54 log IU/mL, respectively. HBsAg reductions persisted for approximately 85 days and >85 days after the last dose in E‐neg and E‐pos patients, respectively. The low‐dose groups did not reach statistical significance in either study. E‐pos patients showed a dose‐dependent reduction in HBeAg from baseline. Mean maximum reduction was 0.23 and 0.69 log Paul Ehrlich IUs/mL in the low‐dose and high dose ARC‐520 groups respectively. ARC‐520 was well tolerated, with only two serious adverse events of pyrexia possibly related to study drug observed.

Conclusions
ARC‐520 was active in both E‐neg and E‐pos, NUC‐experienced HBV patients; but absolute HBsAg reductions were moderate, possibly due to expression of HBsAg from integrated HBV DNA, indicating the need for RNAi therapeutics that can target viral transcripts regardless of origin.
Comparison of nitrate export patterns in forested catchments in Japan and the Northeastern United States: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ohte Nobuhito , Katsuyama Masanori 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the numerous field studies on watersheds in temperate forests, little attention has been paid to differences in the seasonality of NO3‐ exports due to different seasonal patterns of precipitation. Factors that cause seasonal variation in NO3‐ exports include the biological conditions involved in the production of NO3‐ and the hydrological conditions of NO3‐ transport and storage. Previous studies described in this paper reveal that differences in the seasonal patterns of precipitation result in differences in the NO3‐ flux between sites in Japan and the Northeastern United States. In Japanese forests affected by the Asian monsoon and are subject to heavy rainfall and high‐flow conditions during the summer, the NO3‐ concentrations in stream water often increase during the summer growing season. This is a major difference from the typical decrease in NO3‐ concentrations that occur in summer in the Northeastern United States, which is not affected by monsoon conditions. In addition, the orogenically active geology differs in Japanese catchments from those in the United States and is composed of younger bedrock and steep topography in the former. It has been shown that the buffering capacity of stream water is higher in Japan than in the United States, resulting in that the degree of acidification of stream water due to the outflow of NO3‐ is also low in Japan. These comparisons with the United States serve not only to indicate the hydrological and biogeochemical uniqueness involved in the export of NO3‐ in Japanese forest catchments but also to provide a more universal understanding of the mechanisms underlying the differences. To elucidate these mechanisms clearly, a comprehensive database is required for both climatic zones that include the seasonality of nitrogen dynamics within the catchments and descriptions of the hydrological processes. Additionally, a process‐based model is needed, based on the results of a meta‐analysis using the database.