bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Production From Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Authors: Shinoki Toshio , Kamizono Masaaki , Katagiri Koshi , Kusumi Masaki , Takeda Yasuyoshi , Tanigawa Hirochika , Hirata Katsuya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The authors develop a small and simple steam-reforming reactor in a home-use size for such various heavy-hydrocarbons fuels as n-octane, n-decane, n-tetradecane, and n-hexadecane in addition to n-dodecane and measure the inside-temperature profile and the molar fractions of main-gas components such as H2, CH4, CO, and CO2. This reactor is designed only for laboratory-test use, not for a commercial product. As a result, the authors successfully achieve suitable inside-temperature profiles, namely, temperature almost linearly increases in the downstream direction along a reactor, under two conditions such as 600–950 K at the upstream end of the catalyst-layer bed in the reactor and less than 1070 K everywhere in the reactor. And, the authors reveal the effects of the liquid-hourly space velocity (LHSV) upon the molar fractions, a conversion ratio and reforming efficiencies for various heavy-hydrocarbons fuels. All the molar fractions, which agree well with thermochemical-equilibrium theory, are approximately independent of LHSV. The conversion ratio is about 90% for LHSV ≤ 0.6 h−1 and monotonically decreases with increasing LHSV for LHSV &gt; 0.6 h−1. Then, each reforming efficiency always attains the maximum for LHSV ≈ 0.6 h−1 being independent of fuels. This suggests the common upper limit of LHSV for practically suitable operation.
An Efficient Galerkin Averaging-Incremental Harmonic Balance Method Based on the Fast Fourier Transform and Tensor Contraction
Authors: Ju Ren , Fan Wei , Zhu Weidong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An efficient Galerkin averaging-incremental harmonic balance (EGA-IHB) method is developed based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and tensor contraction to increase efficiency and robustness of the IHB method when calculating periodic responses of complex nonlinear systems with non-polynomial nonlinearities. As a semi-analytical method, derivation of formulae and programming are significantly simplified in the EGA-IHB method. The residual vector and Jacobian matrix corresponding to nonlinear terms in the EGA-IHB method are expressed using truncated Fourier series. After calculating Fourier coefficient vectors using the FFT, tensor contraction is used to calculate the Jacobian matrix, which can significantly improve numerical efficiency. Since inaccurate results may be obtained from discrete Fourier transform-based methods when aliasing occurs, the minimal non-aliasing sampling rate is determined for the EGA-IHB method. Performances of the EGA-IHB method are analyzed using several benchmark examples; its accuracy, efficiency, convergence, and robustness are analyzed and compared with several widely used semi-analytical methods. The EGA-IHB method has high efficiency and good robustness for both polynomial and non-polynomial nonlinearities, and it has considerable advantages over the other methods.
Nonlinear Response Identification of an Asymmetric Bistable Harvester Excited at Different Bias Angles by Multiscale Entropy and Recurrence Plot
Authors: Wang Wei , Cao Junyi , Bowen Chris R. , Litak Grzegorz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Due to their high sensitivity to excitations with low intensity, bistable energy harvesting systems have received significant attention. In practical applications, it is difficult to achieve a bistable energy harvester (BEH) with a perfectly symmetric potential energy function. Moreover, gravity acts to exert a significant influence on the output response of a BEH oscillator when excited at different bias angles. Therefore, the experimental output voltage time-series of an asymmetric potential BEH are examined in this paper. The BEH studied here was composed of a cantilever beam, two piezo-electric layers at the root and two magnets at the end, and was subjected to harmonic excitations at different bias angles. The energy harvesting system exhibited intrawell, periodic, and chaotic snap-through vibrational patterns under different excitation frequencies at different bias angles explored. To better understand the multiple dynamic behaviors of the system corresponding to different power outputs, we identify the output voltage response by the methods of multiscale entropy (MSE) and recurrence plots. Results indicate that periodic and chaotic vibrational patterns can be readily distinguished by the methods employed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the bias angle had a significant influence on the output power of the asymmetric potential BEH.
Poorer Visual Acuity is Independently Associated With Impaired Balance and Step Length But Not Overall Physical Performance in Older Adults
Authors: Sorbello Shanelle , Quang Do Vu , Palagyi Anna , Keay Lisa 
Published: May 2020

This study examined the association between varying levels of visual acuity (VA) and physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery) in older adults. A cross-sectional analysis of participants aged ≥50 years with a clinical diagnosis of vision loss across two studies was undertaken. Of 434 (96%) participants with available VA data, 74% (320/434) had nil, 7% (32/434) had mild, 8% (33/434) had moderate, and 11% (49/434) had severe visual impairment. Poorer VA of both better and worse eye was found to be significantly associated with poorer standing balance (p = .006 and p = .004, respectively); worse VA of the better eye was significantly associated with increased number of steps per meter (p = .005). Mean total Short Physical Performance Battery score of this study population was lower than published normative data for this age group. Physical activity programs for older people with reduced VA should be targeted at improving balance and gait skills to reduce falls risk.
Determinants of lamina cribrosa depth in healthy Asian eyes: the Singapore Epidemiology Eye Study
Authors: Tun Tin A , Wang Xiaofei , Baskaran Mani , Nongpiur Monisha Esther , Tham Yih Chung , Nguyen Duc Quang , Strouthidis Nicholas G , Aung Tin , Cheng Ching-Yu , Boote Craig , Girard Michael J A 
Published: May 2020

AimTo investigate the determinants of lamina cribrosa depth (LCD) in healthy eyes of Chinese and Indian Singaporean adults.MethodsThe optic nerve head (ONH) of the right eye of 1396 subjects (628 Chinese and 768 Indian subjects) was imaged with optical coherence tomography (OCT, Spectralis, Heidelberg, Germany). LCD was defined as the distance from the Bruch’s membrane opening (LCD-BMO) or the peripapillary sclera (LCD-PPS) reference plane to the laminar surface. A linear regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between the LCD and its determinants.ResultsBoth LCDs were significantly different between the two races (LCD-BMO: 421.95 (95% CI 365.32 to 491.79) µm in Chinese vs 430.39 (367.46–509.81) µm in Indians, p=0.021; and LCD-PPS: 353.34 (300.98–421.45) µm in Chinese vs 376.76 (313.39–459.78) µm in Indians, p<0.001). In the multivariable regression analysis, the LCD-PPS of the whole cohort was independently associated with females (β=−31.93, p<0.001), Indians subjects (β=21.39, p=0.004) (Chinese as the reference), axial length (Axl) (β=−6.68, p=0.032), retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) (β=0.71, p=0.019), choroidal thickness (ChT) (β=0.41, p<0.001), vertical cup disc ratio (VCDR) (β=24.42, p<0.001) and disc size (β=−60.75, p=0.001). For every 1 year older in age, the LCD-PPS was deeper on average by 1.95 µm in Chinese subjects (p=0.01) but there was no association in Indians subjects (p=0.851).ConclusionsThe LCD was influenced by age, gender, race, Axl, RNFL, ChT, VCDR and disc size. This normative LCD database may facilitate a more accurate assessment of ONH cupping using OCT in Asian populations.
Covid-19 and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Fulchand Shivali 
Published: May 2020

Guideline: Diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the covid-19 pandemicPublished by the European Society of Cardiology.This summary is based on the version published on 21 April 2020 (https://www.escardio.org/Education/COVID-19-and-Cardiology/ESC-COVID-19-Guidance)
Prior HIV testing behaviour is associated with HIV testing results among men, trans women and trans men who have sex with men in the United States
Authors: Grov Christian , Westmoreland Drew , Golub Sarit A , Nash Denis 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAmong those at high risk for HIV, it is important to examine the ways in which someone who has recently tested for HIV might differ from someone who has not.MethodsIn 2017–2018, a total of 5001 men, trans women and trans men who have sex with men from across the United States completed an online survey about their recent testing behaviour as well as self-collected oral samples for HIV testing.ResultsIn total, 3.8% tested HIV-positive and—among those with positive results—35% were recent HIV infections (ie, self-reported an HIV-negative test result within the 12 months prior to enrollment). Those with HIV-positive results—regardless of how recent their HIV test was prior to enrollment—differed from those with negative results in ways that are known to be associated with HIV risk: racial and income disparities, housing instability, recent transactional sex and recent methamphetamine use. Among those with HIV-positive results at enrollment, only having a primary care physician distinguished those who recently tested negative prior to enrollment versus not. Among those with HIV-negative results, there were numerous differences between those who had recently tested for HIV prior to enrollment, versus not, such that those who had not recently tested were significantly more likely to report being at higher risk for HIV.ConclusionStrategies aimed at improving more frequent HIV testing among HIV-negative persons at high risk for HIV should address other needs including stable housing, transactional sex, access to a primary care provider and methamphetamine use.
COVID-19 and immune checkpoint inhibitors: initial considerations
Authors: Sullivan Ryan J , Johnson Douglas B , Rini Brian I , Neilan Tomas G , Lovly Christine M , Moslehi Javid J , Reynolds Kerry L 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 infections are characterized by inflammation of the lungs and other organs that ranges from mild and asymptomatic to fulminant and fatal. Patients who are immunocompromised and those with cardiopulmonary comorbidities appear to be particularly afflicted by this illness. During pandemic conditions, many aspects of cancer care have been impacted. One important clinical question is how to manage patients who need anticancer therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during these conditions. Herein, we consider diagnostic and therapeutic implications of using ICI during this unprecedented period of COVID-19 infections. In particular, we consider the impact of ICI on COVID-19 severity, decisions surrounding continuing or interrupting therapy, diagnostic measures in patients with symptoms or manifestations potentially consistent with either COVID-19 or ICI toxicity, and resumption of therapy in infected patients. While more robust data are needed to guide clinicians on management of patients with cancer who may be affected by COVID-19, we hope this commentary provides useful insights for the clinical community.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes for paediatric patients admitted with congenital or acquired syphilis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Brock Robert , Edwards Brett , Lu Shengjie , Chu Angel , Somayaji Ranjani 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesPaediatric congenital and acquired syphilis cases have been increasing since 2012 in the USA. Potential differences in associated hospitalisation trends and healthcare utilisation between the two syphilis entities have not yet been assessed. We sought to compare these entities and describe their clinical characteristics, distribution and impact in the USA.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study using the 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) to identify and characterise syphilis-associated hospitalisations among paediatric patients (age 0–21 years) in the USA during the year of 2016. Length of stay and hospitalisation costs for patients with congenital and acquired syphilis were compared in multivariable models.ResultsA total of 1226 hospitalisations with the diagnosis of syphilis were identified. Of these patients, 958 had congenital syphilis and 268 were acquired cases. The mean cost of care for congenital syphilis was $23 644 (SD=1727), while the treatment of a patient with acquired syphilis on average cost $10 749 (SD=1966). Mean length of stay was 8 days greater and mean total costs were $12 895 (US dollars) higher in the congenital syphilis cohort compared with the acquired syphilis cohort. In congenital syphilis, there were greater frequency of cases in the Southern and Western regions of the USA (p<0.001).ConclusionCongenital syphilis was associated with greater healthcare-related expenditure than acquired syphilis in paediatric patients. In addition to improving patient outcomes, congenital syphilis prevention efforts may significantly reduce healthcare utilisation burden and cost.
Peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in a dog with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Stilwell Cecilia Alexandra , Florey Jessica 
Published: May 2020

An eight‐year‐old, male neutered, crossbreed dog presented for evaluation of exercise intolerance, tachypnoea and cough. Initial haematology revealed moderate lymphocytosis (8.58 × 109/l, reference interval (RI) 1.0–4.8) and eosinophilia (2.74 × 109/l, RI 0.1–1.2). Thoracic radiographs revealed a generalised interstitial pattern with several ill‐defined nodules. Cytology of the nodules identified a mixed inflammatory population consisting of 60 per cent eosinophils. In the absence of an underlying cause, a diagnosis of eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) was made. Five weeks after the introduction of prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day), repeated haematology revealed persistent lymphocytosis (6.89 × 109/l). Blood flow cytometry was consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Chlorambucil (6 mg/m2/day) was introduced and the haematological abnormalities and clinical signs resolved. The dog was euthanased 15 months after diagnosis due to acute clinical deterioration. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report of concurrent eosinophilia and EBP in a dog with CLL. The possibility of a paraneoplastic peripheral eosinophilia and EBP was considered.
HEPfit: a code for the combination of indirect and direct constraints on high energy physics models
Authors: de Blas J. , Chowdhury D. , Ciuchini M. , Coutinho A. M. , Eberhardt O. , Fedele M. , Franco E. , di Cortona G. Grilli , Miralles V. , Mishima S. , Paul A. , Peñuelas A. , Pierini M. , Reina L. , Silvestrini L. , Valli M. , Watanabe R. , Yokozaki N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract is a flexible open-source tool which, given the Standard Model or any of its extensions, allows to (i) fit the model parameters to a given set of experimental observables; (ii) obtain predictions for observables. can be used either in Monte Carlo mode, to perform a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of a given model, or as a library, to obtain predictions of observables for a given point in the parameter space of the model, allowing to be used in any statistical framework. In the present version, around a thousand observables have been implemented in the Standard Model and in several new physics scenarios. In this paper, we describe the general structure of the code as well as models and observables implemented in the current release.
Dyon in the SU(2) Yang–Mills theory with a gauge-invariant gluon mass toward quark confinement
Authors: Nishino Shogo , Kondo Kei-Ichi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the previous paper, we have shown the existence of magnetic monopoles in the pure SU(2) Yang–Mills theory with a gauge-invariant mass term for the gluon field being introduced. In this paper, we extend our previous construction of magnetic monopoles to obtain dyons with both magnetic and electric charges. In fact, we solve under the static and spherically symmetric ansatz the field equations of the SU(2) “complementary” gauge-scalar model, which is the SU(2) Yang–Mills theory coupled to a single adjoint scalar field whose radial degree of freedom is eliminated. We show that the novel dyon solution can be identified with the gauge field configuration of a dyon with a minimum magnetic charge in the massive Yang–Mills theory. Moreover, we compare the dyon of the massive Yang–Mills theory obtained in this way with the Julia–Zee dyon in the Georgi–Glashow gauge-Higgs scalar model and the dyonic extension of the Wu–Yang magnetic monopole in the pure Yang–Mills theory. Finally, we identify the novel dyon solution found in this paper with a dyon configuration on $$S^1 \times {\mathbb {R}}^3$$S1×R3 space with nontrivial holonomy and propose to use it to understand the confinement/deconfinement phase transition in the Yang–Mills theory at finite temperature, instead of using the dyons constituting the Kraan–van Baal–Lee–Lu caloron.
Herwig 7.2 release note
Authors: Bellm Johannes , Bewick Gavin , Ferrario Ravasio Silvia , Gieseke Stefan , Grellscheid David , Kirchgaeßer Patrick , Loshaj Frashër , Masouminia Mohammad R. , Nail Graeme , Papaefstathiou Andreas , Plätzer Simon , Podskubka Radek , Rauch Michael , Reuschle Christian , Richardson Peter , Schichtel Peter , Seymour Michael H. , Siódmok Andrzej , Webster Stephen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new release of the Monte Carlo event generator Herwig (version 7.2) is now available. This version introduces a number of improvements over the major version 7.0, notably: multi-jet merging with the dipole shower at LO and NLO QCD; spin correlations in both the dipole and angular-ordered parton showers; an improved choice of evolution variable in the angular-ordered parton shower; improvements to mass effects and top decays in the dipole shower, improvements to the simulation of multiple-parton interactions, including diffractive processes; a new model for baryonic colour reconnection; improvements to strangeness production; as well as a new tune of the hadronisation parameters and support for generic Lorentz structures in BSM models. This article illustrates new features of versions 7.1 and 7.2.
Triangle singularity in $$B^-\rightarrow K^-X(3872);X\rightarrow \pi ^0\pi ^+\pi ^-$$ and the X(3872) mass
Authors: Molina Raquel , Oset Eulogio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe evaluate the contribution to the X(3872) width from a triangle mechanism in which the X decays into $$D^{*0}{\bar{D}}^0 -cc$$

D

∗
0

D

¯

0

-
c
c

, then the $$D^{*0} ({\bar{D}}^{*0})$$

D

∗
0

(

D

¯

∗
0

)

decays into $$D^0 \pi ^0$$

D
0

π
0

($${\bar{D}}^0 \pi ^0$$

D

¯

0

π
0

) and the $$D^0 {\bar{D}}^0$$

D
0

D

¯

0

fuse to produce $$\pi ^+ \pi ^-$$

π
+

π
-

. This mechanism produces an asymmetric peak from a triangle singularity in the $$\pi ^+ \pi ^-$$

π
+

π
-

invariant mass with a shape very sensitive to the X mass. We evaluate the branching ratios for a reaction where this effect can be seen in the $$B^- \rightarrow K^- \pi ^0 \pi ^+ \pi ^-$$

B
-

→

K
-

π
0

π
+

π
-

reaction and show that the determination of the peak in the invariant mass distribution of $$\pi ^+ \pi ^-$$

π
+

π
-

is all that is needed to determine the X mass. Given the present uncertainties in the X mass, which do not allow to know whether the $$D^{*0} {\bar{D}}^0$$

D

∗
0

D

¯

0

state is bound or not, measurements like the one suggested here should be most welcome to clarify this issue.
Labour Provisions in Trade Agreements
Authors: Tham Joo-Cheong , Ewing K D 
Published: May 2020

There has been a significant increase of provisions dealing with labour standards in trade agreements (labour provisions). Will these labour provisions improve labour standards?
This article takes up this question in relation to the ‘Labour’ chapter of the Comprehensive Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (‘CPTPP’). This chapter provides the crucial test for whether labour provisions (as currently framed) will improve labour standards, having been hailed by the United States government as providing ‘the strongest protections for workers of any trade agreement in history’.
Contrary to rhetoric accompanying this chapter, this article argues that it is a form of neoliberal regulation – faux regulation. It stands forth as an example of such legalised minimalism for three reasons. First, it provides for flexible standards particularly through its heavy reliance on rights recognised in the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. Second, it lays down standards for flexibility through non-existent standards, liquid-soft obligations, and heavily qualified obligations.
But third, the evidence shows that the parties to the agreement either have not ratified the core ILO Conventions on which the labour principles are based, or (using freedom of association as a case-study) are in breach of these obligations, sometimes in quite significant ways. The extent of non-compliance at the point of commencement raises serious questions about the integrity and purpose of the ‘Labour’ chapter. These reinforce the sense that the chapter is a form of faux regulation in which the parties have deliberately constructed a system of Mutually Assured Non-Compliance.
The article concludes by sketching out the broader implications of its analysis for other labour provisions and identifying ways to go beyond faux regulation.
Ecologising Seediq: Towards an Ecology of an Endangered Indigenous Language from Taiwan
Authors: Sterk Darryl 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An ecolinguistic system, like a biological ecosystem, is self-regulating, yet it cannot be entirely self-contained, because words, like living species and the non-living substrates upon which they depend, are border-crossing. As a result, any ‘language’ is to some extent ‘creolised’, lexically or syntactically. Creolisation, however, may be perceived as a threat to an endangered language. The Seediq language is endangered, and, like any language, to some extent creolised. Though much less creolised than Ilan Creole, Seediq contains numerous Japanese and Chinese loanwords. Yet many of these loanwords have Seediq analogues. It may be that the Seediq language community has responded to the influx of loanwords by coining new terms based on Seediq roots. If so, their response combines linguistic purism with cultural cosmopolitanism: the loanword is a threat, the concept is not. Regardless, the coexistence of indigenous words with loanwords is part of an ongoing linguistic adaptation to modernity. I try to understand this adaptation in terms of ‘language ecology’.