bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material and psychological financial hardship related to employment disruption among female adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Meernik Clare , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Anderson Chelsea , Edwards Teresa P. , Deal Allison M. , Baggett Christopher D. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Chao Chun R. , Nichols Hazel B. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe importance of addressing adverse financial effects of cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is paramount as survival improves. In the current study, the authors examined whether cancer‐related employment disruption was associated with financial hardship among female AYA cancer survivors in North Carolina and California.MethodsAYA cancer survivors identified through the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry and the Kaiser Permanente Northern/Southern California tumor registries responded to an online survey. Disrupted employment was defined as reducing hours, taking temporary leave, or stopping work completely because of cancer. Financial hardship was defined as material conditions or psychological distress related to cancer. Descriptive statistics and chi‐square tests were used to characterize the invited sample and survey respondents. Marginal structural binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence differences (PDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsAmong 1328 women employed at the time of their diagnosis, women were a median age of 34 years at the time of diagnosis and 7 years from diagnosis at the time of the survey and approximately 32% experienced employment disruption. A substantial percentage reported financial hardship related to material conditions (27%) or psychological distress (50%). In adjusted analyses, women with disrupted employment had a 17% higher burden of material conditions (95% CI, 10%‐23%) and an 8% higher burden of psychological distress (95% CI, 1%‐16%) compared with those without disruption.ConclusionsFinancial hardship related to employment disruption among female AYA cancer survivors can be substantial. Interventions to promote job maintenance and transition back to the workforce after treatment, as well as improved workplace accommodations and benefits, present an opportunity to improve cancer survivorship.
The “Brescia panel” (Claudin‐4 and BRCA‐associated protein 1) in the differential diagnosis of mesotheliomas with epithelioid features versus metastatic carcinomas
Authors: Bernardi Livia , Bizzarro Tommaso , Pironi Flavio , Szymczuk Stefania , Buda Raffaella , Fabbri Enrica , Di Claudio Giovanni , Rossi Giulio 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe distinction between mesothelioma with epithelioid features and metastatic carcinoma may be challenging, particularly on cytology. A novel 2‐hit Claudin‐4 and BRCA‐associated protein 1 (BAP1) panel was investigated.MethodsThe objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the panel on cytology from pleural effusions and matched biopsies, including 49 malignant mesotheliomas on cytology with 43 matched biopsies, 49 normal/reactive mesothelial proliferations, and 49 pleural metastatic carcinomas from different primaries with 21 matched pleural biopsies. The diagnostic role of the 4 categories obtained by crossing the immunostaining results was analyzed.ResultsClaudin‐4 strongly stained all metastatic carcinomas and tested completely negative in normal mesothelium, benign reactive mesothelial hyperplasia, and malignant mesothelioma. All normal and benign mesothelial proliferations and all carcinomas except 1 were immunoreactive for BAP1, whereas BAP1 loss was observed in 88% of malignant mesotheliomas. The expression of Claudin‐4 alone excluded all benign and malignant mesothelial growth, consistently characterizing all metastatic carcinomas. Double negativity was evident in all malignant mesotheliomas, and double positivity was observed in all metastatic carcinomas. BAP1‐positive/Claudin‐4–negative status was observed only in malignant mesotheliomas and benign mesothelial proliferations. A single metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma had BAP1‐negative/Claudin‐4–positive staining.ConclusionsClaudin‐4 expression was completely specific and sensitive for metastatic carcinoma, excluding mesothelial proliferations. BAP1 staining characterized 98% of metastatic carcinomas and 100% of benign mesothelial proliferations, whereas negativity was observed almost exclusively in mesotheliomas. This 2‐hit panel is probably the best compromise for differentiating malignant mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma on either cytology or biopsy specimens.
Proximity Ligation Assay for Detecting Protein‐Protein Interactions and Protein Modifications in Cells and Tissues in Situ
Authors: Hegazy Marihan , Cohen‐Barak Eran , Koetsier Jennifer L. , Najor Nicole A. , Arvanitis Constadina , Sprecher Eli , Green Kathleen J. , Godsel Lisa M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiochemical methods can reveal stable protein‐protein interactions occurring within cells, but the ability to observe transient events and to visualize the subcellular localization of protein‐protein interactions in cells and tissues in situ provides important additional information. The Proximity Ligation Assay® (PLA) offers the opportunity to visualize the subcellular location of such interactions at endogenous protein levels, provided that the probes that recognize the target proteins are within 40 nm. This sensitive technique not only elucidates protein‐protein interactions, but also can reveal post‐translational protein modifications. The technique is useful even in cases where material is limited, such as when paraffin‐embedded clinical specimens are the only available material, as well as after experimental intervention in 2D and 3D model systems. Here we describe the basic protocol for using the commercially available Proximity Ligation Assay™ materials (Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and incorporate details to aid the researcher in successfully performing the experiments. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Proximity ligation assaySupport Protocol 1: Antigen retrieval method for formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissuesSupport Protocol 2: Creation of custom PLA probes using the Duolink™ In Situ Probemaker Kit when commercially available probes are not suitableBasic Protocol 2: Imaging, quantification, and analysis of PLA signals
Daily tourist flow forecasting using SPCA and CNN‐LSTM neural network
Authors: Ni Tian , Wang Lei , Zhang Pengchao , Wang Bin , Li Wei 
Published: October 2020

SummaryPredicting the daily tourism flow of scenic spots is of great significance for improving the management quality and the tourist experience. Affected by complex factors, daily tourism flow data have strong nonlinear characteristics. In this article, a multilayer neural network S‐CNNLSTM is put forward to make accurate short‐term tourism flow prediction. First, to reduce the redundant information between the influencing factors, sparse principal component analysis is adopted to reduce the data dimension. Then the processed data is input into a deep neural network framework that combines the convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) network. CNN extracts local trends, and LSTM is introduced to learn the inner law of time series and make prediction. Finally, through the experiments with real data and the comparison algorithms, the stability and practicability of the proposed method are verified.
Standardizing a volume benchmark for cerebrospinal fluids for optimal diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Kim David , Alperstein Susan A. , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cytomorphologic analysis remains the gold standard in the evaluation of malignant leptomeningeal involvement. However, collection of optimal volumes for adequate cytomorphologic evaluation is not standardized. Our study investigated optimal CSF volumes that result in a significant diagnostic result.MethodsA total of 4114 samples were retrospectively identified from 2014 to 2018, and 2557 samples had concurrent flow cytometry (FC) study. Each specimen was grouped as unsatisfactory, negative, atypical, or positive. Positive samples were grouped as either solid tumors, leukemia, or lymphoma by the type of malignancy detected. Demographic data as well as CSF source was recorded. Specimens with FC were separated by detection on cytology and/or FC. A t‐test and ANOVA test were used to compare the average volumes for each group.ResultsAverage volumes for negative, atypical, and positive samples are 7.48 mL (95% CI: 7.33, 7.63), 7.97 mL (95% CI: 7.37, 8.57), and 8.44 mL (95% CI: 7.46, 9.43), respectively. Average volumes for solid tumors, leukemia, and lymphoma positive samples are 12.0 mL (95% CI: 9.11, 14.89), 6.73 mL (95% CI: 5.94, 7.53), and 8.44 mL (95% CI: 6.78, 10.09). For cases with FC, the volumes are 10.11 mL (95% CI: 9.28, 10.96), 7.28 mL (95% CI: 6.87, 7.70), and 6.86 mL (95% CI: 6.25, 7.49) for positive cytology only, positive cytology/FC, and negative for both, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that higher volumes produce better results for analysis. We recommend an optimal volume of 8.44 mL for cytologic work‐up of malignancies. However, optimal volumes may differ based upon malignancy type and utilization of flow cytometry.
Investigating convergence of cardiac and behavioral indicators of distress during routine vaccinations over the second year of life
Authors: Waxman Jordana A. , DiLorenzo Miranda G. , Pillai Riddell Rebecca R. , Flora David B. , Schmidt Louis A. , Garfield Hartley , Flanders Daniel , Weinberg Eitan , Savlov Deena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is considerable variability regarding the convergence between behavioral and biological aspects of distress responses in toddlerhood, and little research has investigated the convergence of these measures in high distress. The aim of the current study was to describe patterns of distress responses to vaccinations as indexed by both pain‐related behavioral distress and heart rate (HR) at 12 and 18 months. Caregiver‐toddler dyads were part of an ongoing longitudinal cohort observed during 12‐ (N = 158) and 18‐month (N = 122) well‐baby vaccinations. Parallel‐process growth mixture models discerned two distinct groups at 12 months and three distinct groups at 18 months. All groups had comparable pain‐related behavioral distress and HR responses post‐vaccination, with most participants displaying high arousal and regulation to baseline levels following the vaccination. However, at 18 months, an important minority had a blunted response or did not regulate to a low level of distress by 3 min post‐needle. Post hoc analyses revealed that higher baseline pain‐related behavioral distress predicted membership in the majority groups at 12 and 18 months. These results highlight the developmental differences and variability in behavioral and cardiac indicators of distress regulation across the second year of life.
High‐resolution multi‐marker DNA metabarcoding reveals sexual dietary differentiation in a bird with minor dimorphism
Authors: da Silva Luís P. , Mata Vanessa A. , Lopes Pedro B. , Lopes Ricardo J. , Beja Pedro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough sexual dietary differentiation is well known in birds, it is usually linked with significant morphological dimorphism between males and females, with lower differentiation reported in sexually monomorphic or only slightly dimorphic species. However, this may be an artifact of poor taxonomic resolution achieved in most conventional dietary studies, which may be unable to detect subtle intraspecific differentiation in prey consumption. Here, we show the power of multi‐marker metabarcoding to address these issues, focusing on a slightly dimorphic generalist passerine, the black wheatear Oenanthe leucura. Using markers from four genomic regions (18S, 16S, COI, and trnL), we analyzed fecal droppings collected from 93 adult black wheatears during the breeding season. We found that sexes were rather similar in bill and body features, though males had a slightly thicker bill and longer wings and tail than females. Diet was dominated in both sexes by a very wide range of arthropod species and a few fleshy fruits, but the overall diet diversity was higher for males than females, and there was a much higher frequency of occurrence of ants in female (58%) than male (29%) diets. We hypothesize that the observed sexual differentiation was likely related to females foraging closer to their offspring on abundant prey, while males consumed a wider variety of prey while foraging more widely. Overall, our results suggest that dietary sexual differentiation in birds may be more widespread than recognized at present and that multi‐marker DNA metabarcoding is a particularly powerful tool to unveiling such differences.
Potential natural vegetation and NPP responses to future climates in the U.S. Great Plains
Authors: Klemm Toni , Briske David D. , Reeves Matthew C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAsymmetric climate projections throughout the U.S. Great Plains may intensify the existing latitudinal temperature gradient and magnify the longitudinal precipitation gradient. These potential changes present a unique challenge to understanding the ecological consequences of future climates in the region. Here we investigate how climate change may affect the spatio‐temporal patterns of potential natural vegetation types (PVT) and net primary production (NPP) throughout the 21st century with the global dynamic vegetation model MC2. Simulations were driven by projected climate variables from five global climate models under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. MC2 simulated C3 and C4 grassland, shrubland, forest, and woodland (shrubland + forest) PVTs, and total NPP for each PVT. The largest increases in woodland and grassland NPP occurred in the Northern Plains (17.5% and 4.7%), followed by the Central Plains (10.6% and 0.0%), while NPP in the Southern Plains remained unchanged compared to historic means (1981–2010). A shift from grassland to woodland in the Northern and Central Plains further affected regional NPP; regional woodland NPP increased 72% and 26% in the Northern and Central Plains, respectively, while regional grassland NPP decreased 18% and 12%, respectively. The most pronounced shift in PVT was associated with increasing, rather than decreasing, mean annual precipitation in the Northern Plains where grassland contracted in response to westward expansion of woodland. C3 grassland was gradually replaced by C4 grassland in the Northern Plains by 2080, and only a trace remained at centuries end. C3 grassland decreased to a trace amount ca. 2060 in the Central Plains, while C4 grassland increased slightly. The relative stability of PVTs in the Southern Plains suggests that species and functional trait diversity may buffer grassland responses to future climates by providing the capacity for species reordering. The asymmetric response of simulated vegetation and NPP to 21st century climate change suggests that the provision of ecosystem services—beef cattle production, carbon sequestration, and grassland bird habitat—will be modified in distinct ways along a latitudinal gradient throughout the Great Plains.
Energy efficient zone‐based clustering algorithm using fuzzy inference system for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Sujith Annie , Dorai D. Ramya , Kamalesh V. N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), as sensor nodes have limited energy, the design of an energy‐efficient clustering technique is a critical challenge to be addressed. We propose an Energy‐Efficient Zone‐based Clustering algorithm for WSN that works efficiently in large area WSN as well. In the proposed method, the sensing field is divided into equal size zones, and one Zone Monitor is selected in each zone. The distance of a Zone Monitor from the Base Station is considered in the calculation of the number of desired Cluster Heads (CHs) in its zone for implementing Unequal clustering. The CHs are selected such that they are uniformly distributed inside each zone to conserve the energy of sensor nodes needed for intra‐cluster transmission. Also, for better load balancing among the selected CHs, we propose that cluster size should be uniform at zone level. Hence, after the CHs are selected, the remaining sensor nodes in a zone decide to become a cluster member of one of the selected CHs using a fuzzy‐based cluster formation technique. We compare the proposed algorithm with other approaches for three different network scenarios using parameters such as the number of alive nodes, the first node dies, half of the nodes die, the last node dies, the amount of data received at Base Station, and total remaining energy. Simulation results show that the proposed clustering algorithm provides better performance than other methods.
Progress inTENGtechnology—A journey from energy harvesting to nanoenergy and nanosystem
Authors: Zhu Jianxiong , Zhu Minglu , Shi Qiongfeng , Wen Feng , Liu Long , Dong Bowei , Haroun Ahmed , Yang Yanqin , Vachon Philippe , Guo Xinge , He Tianyiyi , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology is a promising research field for energy harvesting and nanoenergy and nanosystem (NENS) in the aspect of mechanical, electrical, optical, acoustic, fluidic, and so on. This review systematically reports the progress of TENG technology, in terms of energy‐boosting, emerging materials, self‐powered sensors, NENS, and its further integration with other potential technologies. Starting from TENG mechanisms including the ways of charge generation and energy‐boosting, we introduce the applications from energy harvesters to various kinds of self‐powered sensors, that is, physical sensors, chemical/gas sensors. After that, further applications in NENS are discussed, such as blue energy, human‐machine interfaces (HMIs), neural interfaces/implanted devices, and optical interface/wearable photonics. Moving to new research directions beyond TENG, we depict hybrid energy harvesting technologies, dielectric‐elastomer‐enhancement, self‐healing, shape‐adaptive capability, and self‐sustained NENS and/or internet of things (IoT). Finally, the outlooks and conclusions about future development trends of TENG technologies are discussed toward multifunctional and intelligent systems.image
Facilitators and barriers to supporting young people with eating disorders during their transition to, and time at, university: An exploration of clinicians' perspectives
Authors: Webb Hannah , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEating disorders (EDs) are common in student populations and present formidable challenges as to how best to treat and support these young people, especially at points of transition. Yet research exploring these challenges is lacking, particularly from the perspective of those providing treatment and support.MethodsA qualitative design was used to explore clinicians' perspectives of supporting students with EDs. Twelve clinicians from a large ED service in the United Kingdom participated in one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFacilitators and barriers to supporting students with EDs fell into four overarching themes: Health System, University, Patient and Carer Factors. Reported facilitators were; ED service awareness, flexibility and resources, university as a motivator, and carer support. Reported barriers were; poor links and communication between institutions, the primary care system, poor university provision for and awareness of EDs, young people's denial and ambivalence, inconsistent implementation of guidelines, and carer anxiety.ConclusionsThe findings revealed challenges unique to the university transition, including the need for more collaborative working between healthcare and education institutions, improved training of non‐specialised ED professionals, and the benefits of a flexible, adapted ED treatment approach specifically tailored to the unique needs of students with EDs.
Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid–Induced Toxicity on Zebrafish Embryos in the Presence or Absence of the Chorion
Authors: Mylroie J. Erik , Wilbanks Mitchell S. , Kimble Ashley N. , To Kimberly T. , Cox Catherine S. , McLeod Sheila J. , Gust Kurt A. , Moore David W. , Perkins Edward J. , Garcia-Reyero Natàlia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a perfluorinated compound used in many industrial and consumer products. It has been linked to a broad range of adverse effects in several species, including zebrafish (Danio rerio). The zebrafish embryo is a widely used vertebrate model to elucidate potential adverse effects of chemicals because it is amenable to medium and high throughput. However, there is limited research on the full extent of the impact the chorion has on those effects. Results from the present study indicate that the presence of the chorion affected the timing and incidence of mortality as well as morphometric endpoints such as spinal curvature and swim bladder inflation in zebrafish embryos exposed to PFOS. Furthermore, removal of the chorion prior to exposure resulted in a lower threshold of sensitivity to PFOS for effects on transcriptional expression within the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) nuclear signaling pathway. Perturbation of PPAR pathway gene expression can result in disruption of metabolic signaling and regulation, which can adversely affect development, energy availability, and survival. It can be concluded that removal of the chorion has significant effects on the timing and incidence of impacts associated with PFOS exposure, and more research is warranted to fully elucidate the protective role of the chorion and the critical timing of these events. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:780–791. Published 2020. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Herbicidal effects of wood vinegar on nitrophilous plant communities
Authors: Aguirre Juan Luis , Baena Juan , Martín María Teresa , González Sergio , Manjón José Luis , Peinado Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn Europe, and many parts of the world, the number and variety of animal species on farmland is in marked decline. There is a need to search for alternatives that are safe for the environmental and are effective in controlling weeds. Wood vinegar from biomass pyrolysis may be an alternative for herb control. In this study, Wood vinegar (WV) pH, moisture content, and composition were analyzed, with subsequent assessment of the effects of WV on nitrophilous plant communities under natural conditions. The following three treatments were used: WV dissolved in water to form 25 vol% and 50 vol% dilutions and undiluted WV (100 vol%). The results showed a greater than 70% decrease in biomass at 7 days after WV application in all treatments. At the end of the sampling period (day 42), the plots treated with WV had four‐times less biomass than the controls. No significant differences were observed among different treatments, thus indicating that a 25% dilution may suffice for use as an herbicide. However, this concentration also produced the highest variability in results. The area cleared by the affected species was colonized by perennial species. At the end of the sampling, 80% of the area of the treated plots was occupied by perennial species, whereas this percentage was 30% in control plots. Electron micrographs showed that the epidermis of the treated plants was severely affected within a few hours of the treatment, particularly of the stomatal cells. The most affected species were those with smooth leaves without protective structures and those with lighter stems and leaves. The good herbicidal performance of WV notwithstanding, regulations must be clarified for its use as an herbicide.