bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loneliness, social dislocation and invisibility experienced by older men who are single or living alone: accounting for differences across sexual identity and social context
Authors: Willis Paul , Vickery Alex , Jessiman Tricia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcross literature on loneliness and ageing, little attention is given to the intersection of ageing, sexuality and masculinities, and how this shapes the social connections of older men. We report findings from a qualitative study of older men's experiences of loneliness and social participation, focusing on perspectives from two groups who are single and/or living alone: men identifying as (a) heterosexual and (b) gay (not bisexual). We present findings generated from semi-structured interviews with 72 men residing in England (65–95 years). We discuss three prominent themes: (a) loneliness, loss and social dislocation; (b) diverging life-events that trigger loneliness; and (c) variations in visibility and exclusion across social settings. Embedded within men's descriptions of loneliness is a running theme of social dislocation that speaks to a wider sense of social separation and estrangement. Unique to gay men's accounts are the ways in which experiences of loneliness and social isolation are compounded by living in heteronormative social environments and their encounters with ageism in gay social settings. Older men's accounts convey anxieties about visibility and anticipated exclusion across social settings shared with other men that vary according to sexual identity and context. We discuss how sexuality and being single and/or living alone impact on older men's social participation as we seek to move beyond a heterocentric understanding of loneliness.
Comparison of semi-quantitative and quantitative methods for diagnosis of catheter-related blood stream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yang Li , Chu Yanmei , Wu Linlin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Catheter-related blood-stream infections (CRBSIs) are the most common healthcare-associated blood-stream infections. They can be diagnosed by either semi-quantitative or quantitative methods, which may differ in diagnostic accuracy. A meta-analysis was undertaken to compare the diagnostic accuracy of semi-quantitative and quantitative methods for CRBSI. A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Cochrane and Embase databases up to January 2020 was performed and subjected to a QUADAS (quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2) tool to evaluate the risk of bias among studies. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the methods were determined and heterogeneity was evaluated using the χ2 test and I2. Publication bias was assessed using a Funnel plot and the Egger's test. In total, 45 studies were analysed with data from 11 232 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of semi-quantitative methods were 85% (95% CI 79–90%) and 84% (95% CI 79–88%), respectively; and for quantitative methods were 85% (95% CI 79–90%) and 95% (95% CI 91–97%). Considerable heterogeneity was statistically evident (P < 0.001) by both methods with a correspondingly symmetrical Funnel plot that was confirmed by a non-significant Deek's test. We conclude that both semi-quantitative and quantitative methods are highly useful for screening for CRBSI in patients and display high sensitivity and specificity. Quantitative methods, particularly paired quantitative cultures, had the highest sensitivity and specificity and can be used to identify CRBSI cases with a high degree of certainty.
Household food insecurity and educational outcomes in school-going adolescents in Ghana
Authors: Masa Rainier , Chowa Gina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectives:We examined the association of household food insecurity with educational outcomes and explored the moderating effect of gender and school lunch programme.Design:The study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected in 2014 using interviewer-administered questionnaires and school administrative records. We measured household food insecurity using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Educational outcomes referred to knowledge, attitudes and skills that students are expected to obtain while attending school. We obtained sixteen different measures of educational outcomes, ranging from academic grades to beliefs and attitudes towards school and education. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling with covariates at the student and school levels. We conducted moderation tests by adding a two-way interaction between food insecurity and gender, and between food insecurity and school lunch programme.Setting:The study was conducted in 100 schools located in fifty-four districts within Ghana’s eight administrative regions in 2014.Participants:Participants included 2201 school-going adolescents aged 15–19 years.Results:More than 60 % of adolescents were from food-insecure households. Household food insecurity was negatively associated with Math grade and school attendance. Food insecurity was also inversely associated with socio-emotional outcomes, including academic self-efficacy, commitment to school and academic aspirations and expectations. We did not find a moderating effect of gender and school lunch programme.Conclusions:Food insecurity is negatively associated with wide-ranging educational outcomes related to both learning and socio-emotional abilities. Our study supports prior evidence suggesting the importance of food access on both cognitive and non-cognitive educational outcomes.
Exploring the feasibility of patient safety huddles in general practice
Authors: Panayiotou Hannah , Higgs Charlotte , Foy Robbie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Patient safety is a key priority for healthcare systems. Patient safety huddles have been advocated as a way to improve safety. We explored the feasibility of huddles in general practice.

Methods:
We invited all general practices in West Yorkshire to complete an online survey and interviewed practice staff.

Results:
Thirty-four out of 306 practices (11.1%) responded to our survey. Of these, 22 practices (64.7%) reported having breaks for staff to meet and eight (23.5%) reported no longer having breaks in their practices. Seven interviewees identified several barriers to safety huddles including time and current culture; individuals felt meetings or breaks would not be easily integrated into current primary care structure.

Discussion:
Despite their initial promise, there are major challenges to introducing patient safety huddles within the current context of UK general practice. General practice staff may need more convincing of potential benefits.
Diverse vertebrate assemblage of the Kilmaluag Formation (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of Skye, Scotland
Authors: PANCIROLI Elsa , BENSON Roger B. J. , WALSH Stig , BUTLER Richard J. , CASTRO Tiago Andrade , JONES Marc E. H. , EVANS Susan E. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe Kilmaluag Formation on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, provides one of the richest Mesozoic vertebrate fossil assemblages in the UK, and is among the richest globally for Middle Jurassic tetrapods. Since its discovery in 1971, this assemblage has predominantly yielded small-bodied tetrapods, including salamanders, choristoderes, lepidosaurs, turtles, crocodylomorphs, pterosaurs, dinosaurs, non-mammalian cynodonts and mammals, alongside abundant fish and invertebrates. It is protected as a Site of Special Scientific Interest and by Nature Conservancy Order. Unlike contemporaneous localities from England, this assemblage yields associated partial skeletons, providing unprecedented new data. We present a comprehensive updated overview of the Kilmaluag Formation, including its geology and the fossil collections made to date, with evidence of several species occurrences presented here for the first time. We place the vertebrate faunal assemblage in an international context through comparisons with relevant contemporaneous localities from the UK, Europe, Africa, Asia and the US. This wealth of material reveals the Kilmaluag Formation as a vertebrate fossil assemblage of global significance, both in terms of understanding Middle Jurassic faunal composition and the completeness of specimens, with implications for the early evolutionary histories of mammals, squamates and amphibians.
Ocean Acidification From Below in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Ishii Masao , Rodgers Keith B. , Inoue Hisayuki Y. , Toyama Katsuya , Sasano Daisuke , Kosugi Naohiro , Ono Hisashi , Enyo Kazutaka , Nakano Toshiya , Iudicone Daniele , Blanke Bruno , Aumont Olivier , Feely Richard A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIdentifying ocean acidification and its controlling mechanisms is an important priority within the broader question of understanding how sustained anthropogenic CO2 emissions are harming the health of the ocean. Through extensive analysis of observational data products for ocean inorganic carbon, here we quantify the rate at which acidification is proceeding in the western tropical Pacific Warm Pool, revealing −0.0013 ± 0.0001 year−1 for pH and −0.0083 ± 0.0007 year−1 for the saturation index of aragonite for the years 1985–2016. However, the mean rate of total dissolved inorganic carbon increase (+0.81 ± 0.06 μmol · kg−1 · year−1) sustaining acidification was ~20% slower than what would be expected if it were simply controlled by the rate of atmospheric CO2 increase and transmitted through local air‐sea CO2 equilibration. Joint Lagrangian and Eulerian model diagnostics indicate that the acidification of the Warm Pool occurs primarily through the anthropogenic CO2 that invades the ocean in the extra‐tropics is transported to the tropics through the thermocline shallow overturning circulation and then re‐emerges into surface waters within the tropics through the Equatorial Undercurrent from below. An interior residence time of several years to decades, acting in conjunction with the accelerating CO2 growth in the atmosphere, can be expected to contribute to modulating the rate of Warm Pool acidification.
Cretaceous Evolution of the Central Asian Proto‐Paratethys Sea: Tectonic, Eustatic, and Climatic Controls
Authors: Kaya Mustafa Yücel , Dupont‐Nivet Guillaume , Proust Jean‐Noël , Roperch Pierrick , Meijer Niels , Frieling Joost , Fioroni Chiara , Özkan Altiner Sevinç , Stoica Marius , Aminov Jovid , Mamtimin Mehmut , Guo Zhaojie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe timing and mechanisms of the Cretaceous sea incursions into Central Asia are still poorly constrained. We provide a new chronostratigraphic framework based on biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy together with detailed paleoenvironmental analyses of Cretaceous records of the proto‐Paratethys Sea fluctuations in the Tajik and Tarim basins. The Early Cretaceous marine incursion in the western Tajik Basin was followed by major marine incursions during the Cenomanian (ca. 100 Ma) and Santonian (ca. 86 Ma) that reached far into the eastern Tajik and Tarim basins. These marine incursions were separated by a Turonian‐Coniacian (ca. 92–86 Ma) regression. Basin‐wide tectonic subsidence analyses imply that the Early Cretaceous sea incursion into the Tajik Basin was related to increased Pamir tectonism. We find that thrusting along the northern edge of the Pamir at ca. 130–90 Ma resulted in increased subsidence in a retro‐arc basin setting. This tectonic event and coeval eustatic highstand resulted in the maximum observed geographic extent of the sea during the Cenomanian (ca. 100 Ma). The following Turonian‐Coniacian (ca. 92–86 Ma) major regression, driven by eustasy, coincides with a sharp slowdown in tectonic subsidence during the late orogenic unloading period with limited thrusting. The Santonian (ca. 86 Ma) major sea incursion was likely controlled by eustasy as evidenced by the coeval fluctuations in the west Siberian Basin. An early Maastrichtian cooling (ca. 71–70 Ma), potentially connected to global Late Cretaceous trends, is inferred from the replacement of mollusk‐rich limestones by bryozoan‐ and echinoderm‐rich limestones.
Geological and Thermal Control of the Hydrothermal System in Northern Yellowstone Lake: Inferences From High‐Resolution Magnetic Surveys
Authors: Bouligand Claire , Tivey Maurice A. , Finn Carol A. , Morgan Lisa A. , Shanks W. C. Pat , Sohn Robert A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA multiscale magnetic survey of the northern basin of Yellowstone Lake was undertaken in 2016 as part of the Hydrothermal Dynamics of Yellowstone Lake Project (HD‐YLAKE)—a broad research effort to characterize the cause‐and‐effect relationships between geologic and environmental processes and hydrothermal activity on the lake floor. The magnetic survey includes lake surface, regional aeromagnetic, and near‐bottom autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) data. The study reveals a strong contrast between the northeastern lake basin, characterized by a regional magnetic low punctuated by stronger local magnetic lows, many of which host hydrothermal vent activity, and the northwestern lake basin with higher‐amplitude magnetic anomalies and no obvious hydrothermal activity or punctuated magnetic lows. The boundary between these two regions is marked by a steep gradient in heat flow and magnetic values, likely reflecting a significant structure within the currently active ~20‐km‐long Eagle Bay‐Lake Hotel fault zone that may be related to the ~2.08‐Ma Huckleberry Ridge caldera rim. Modeling suggests that the broad northeastern magnetic low reflects both a shallower Curie isotherm and widespread hydrothermal activity that has demagnetized the rock. Along the western lake shoreline are sinuous‐shaped, high‐amplitude magnetic anomaly highs, interpreted as lava flow fronts of upper units of the West Thumb rhyolite. The AUV magnetic survey shows decreased magnetization at the periphery of the active Deep Hole hydrothermal vent. We postulate that lower magnetization in the outer zone results from enhanced hydrothermal alteration of rhyolite by hydrothermal condensates while the vapor‐dominated center of the vent is less altered.
Socioeconomic Drought Under Growing Population and Changing Climate: A New Index Considering the Resilience of a Regional Water Resources System
Authors: Liu Suning , Shi Haiyun , Sivakumar Bellie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSocioeconomic drought occurs when water supply from a regional water resources system cannot meet the water demands. Even if a socioeconomic drought ends, the antecedent water deficit may continue to have impacts for some time, thus influencing the resilience of a regional water resources system. To take this into account, especially under growing population and changing climate, this study develops a new method through integrating a new index, Water Resources System Resilience Index (WRSRI), into socioeconomic drought event identification. The new index represents the percentage of the antecedent water deficit for a socioeconomic drought that can be recovered from the excess water during subsequent periods through analyzing records of a historical drought event. The methodology, implemented on the East River Basin in South China, involves three major steps: (1) calculation of WRSRI value; (2) analysis of key features of identified future socioeconomic drought events, that is, total number, longest duration (LD), and percentage on different drought levels; and (3) sensitivity analysis of WRSRI based on a total of 52 streamflow data sets generated from General Circulation Model outputs and using a macroscale hydrologic model. The results indicate that, for each data set, the total number decreases with an increase in WRSRI but the LD increases; moreover, for most data sets, the LD is less sensitive within the WRSRI range of [0, 0.6]. The outcomes of this study can enhance our capability in more effectively assessing the resilience of a regional water resources system, especially under changing future socioeconomic and environmental conditions.
Regime Identification, Dimensionless Numbers, and Parameter Sensitivity of Variable‐Density Flow in Porous Media Based on Numerical Simulations
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Tokunaga Tomochika 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVariable‐density flow and mass transport are important processes for a variety of groundwater problems. This study numerically investigated 2‐D vertical unconfined aquifers with horizontal groundwater flow and vertical injection of dense solute from the top. In total, 189 numerical simulation cases were performed with various scenarios of boundary conditions and aquifer properties. Based on the simulation results, three end‐member flow regimes were identified that are dominated by horizontal hydraulically driven flow, vertical hydraulically driven flow, and vertical density‐driven flow, respectively. The regimes can be clearly distinguished by a set of three dimensionless numbers, which are the convective ratios Mx (the ratio of the total flux of the vertical density‐driven flow to the total flux of the horizontal hydraulically driven flow) and Mz (the ratio of the total flux of the vertical density‐driven flow to the total flux of the vertical hydraulically driven flow), and the modified Rayleigh number Rad (the ratio of the vertical density‐driven force to the forces caused by dispersion and diffusion). The dimensionless numbers were applied to published numerical and physical experimental results for interpreting their flow behaviors and for classifying their flow regimes. Besides, the analysis of the parameter sensitivity indicated that the shifts among the end‐member regimes are mainly controlled by dimensionless‐number‐related parameters including horizontal groundwater flow velocity, injection rate and concentration of solute, and anisotropy ratio of hydraulic conductivity. The regime shifts are not strongly affected by the unsaturated properties or heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity within the parameter ranges investigated in this paper.
Environmental heterogeneity determines the ecological processes that govern bacterial metacommunity assembly in a floodplain river system
Authors: Huber Paula , Metz Sebastian , Unrein Fernando , Mayora Gisela , Sarmento Hugo , Devercelli Melina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
How diversity is structured has been a central goal of microbial ecology. In freshwater ecosystems, selection has been found to be the main driver shaping bacterial communities. However, its relative importance compared with other processes (dispersal, drift, diversification) may depend on spatial heterogeneity and the dispersal rates within a metacommunity. Still, a decrease in the role of selection is expected with increasing dispersal homogenization. Here, we investigate the main ecological processes modulating bacterial assembly in contrasting scenarios of environmental heterogeneity. We carried out a spatiotemporal survey in the floodplain system of the Paraná River. The bacterioplankton metacommunity was studied using both statistical inferences based on phylogenetic and taxa turnover as well as co-occurrence networks. We found that selection was the main process determining community assembly even at both extremes of environmental heterogeneity and homogeneity, challenging the general view that the strength of selection is weakened due to dispersal homogenization. The ecological processes acting on the community also determined the connectedness of bacterial networks associations. Heterogeneous selection promoted more interconnected networks increasing β-diversity. Finally, spatiotemporal heterogeneity was an important factor determining the number and identity of the most highly connected taxa in the system. Integrating all these empirical evidences, we propose a new conceptual model that elucidates how the environmental heterogeneity determines the action of the ecological processes shaping the bacterial metacommunity.
Multi-omic meta-analysis identifies functional signatures of airway microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wang Zhang , Yang Yuqiong , Yan Zhengzheng , Liu Haiyue , Chen Boxuan , Liang Zhenyu , Wang Fengyan , Miller Bruce E , Tal-Singer Ruth , Yi Xinzhu , Li Jintian , Stampfli Martin R , Zhou Hongwei , Brightling Christopher E , Brown James R , Wu Martin , Chen Rongchang , Shu Wensheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The interaction between airway microbiome and host in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is poorly understood. Here we used a multi-omic meta-analysis approach to characterize the functional signature of airway microbiome in COPD. We retrieved all public COPD sputum microbiome datasets, totaling 1640 samples from 16S rRNA gene datasets and 26 samples from metagenomic datasets from across the world. We identified microbial taxonomic shifts using random effect meta-analysis and established a global classifier for COPD using 12 microbial genera. We inferred the metabolic potentials for the airway microbiome, established their molecular links to host targets, and explored their effects in a separate meta-analysis on 1340 public human airway transcriptome samples for COPD. 29.6% of differentially expressed human pathways were predicted to be targeted by microbiome metabolism. For inferred metabolite–host interactions, the flux of disease-modifying metabolites as predicted from host transcriptome was generally concordant with their predicted metabolic turnover in microbiome, suggesting a synergistic response between microbiome and host in COPD. The meta-analysis results were further validated by a pilot multi-omic study on 18 COPD patients and 10 controls, in which airway metagenome, metabolome, and host transcriptome were simultaneously characterized. 69.9% of the proposed “microbiome-metabolite–host” interaction links were validated in the independent multi-omic data. Butyrate, homocysteine, and palmitate were the microbial metabolites showing strongest interactions with COPD-associated host genes. Our meta-analysis uncovered functional properties of airway microbiome that interacted with COPD host gene signatures, and demonstrated the possibility of leveraging public multi-omic data to interrogate disease biology.
HIF-1α regulates cellular metabolism, and Imatinib resistance by targeting phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Xu Kangjing , He Zhongyuan , Chen Ming , Wang Nuofan , Zhang Diancai , Yang Li , Xu Zekuan , Xu Hao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis in tumor cells and macromolecule biosynthesis. Upregulation of the PPP has been shown in several types of tumor. However, how the PPP is regulated to confer selective growth advantages on drug resistant tumor cells is not well understood. Here we show a metabolic shift from tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) to PPP after a long period induction of Imatinib (IM). One of the rate-limiting enzymes of the PPP-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), is dramatically upregulated in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and GIST cell lines resistant to Imatinib (IM) compared with sensitive controls. Functional studies revealed that the overexpression of PGD in resistant GIST cell lines promoted cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Mechanistic analyses suggested that the protein level of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) increased during long time stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by IM. Importantly, we further demonstrated that HIF-1α also had positive correlation with PGD, resulting in the change of metabolic pathway, and ultimately causing drug resistance in GIST. Our findings show that long term use of IM alters the metabolic phenotype of GIST through ROS and HIF-1α, and this may contribute to IM resistance. Our work offers preclinical proof of metabolic target as an effective strategy for the treatment of drug resistance in GIST.