bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of early intervention programs for psychosis in France in 2018
Authors: Courouve L , Duburcq A , Gozlan G , Meunier-Cussac S , Lecardeur L , Krebs M O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Early intervention programs (EIP) have been developed in many countries (United States, Europe, Canada) and are now widely considered effective in the treatment of early psychosis. In France, current national policies in the field of mental health promote the development of early intervention but France has not yet met national standards of care for EIP. A recent report from the London School of Economics (2016) even mentioned the delay of France in this area, referring to only one EIP in the country. A preliminary investigation conducted in 2017 showed a strong dynamic with many ongoing projects which led us to renew this investigation in 2018.
This was a two-phase study. First, an inventory was achieved through a bottom-up approach and many contacts across the country which may either provide this kind of care or know of such initiatives: psychiatrists, healthcare facilities or Health Regional Agencies. Then, an online declarative survey was administered covering structure of attachment, dedicated team, funding, targeted population, activity in 2017, difficulties and prospects. Between May and October 2018, 69 EIP were identified in France: 35 were operational and 34 were being established or beginners. The 35 identified operational programs were located throughout the country with a few disparities. Half of the programs had been existing for 2 years (17/35). All programs operated with multidisciplinary teams, including at least one psychiatrist and with a mean of 5.9 dedicated full-time equivalents workers. Half of the programs offered case management (48.6%). Most programs were not as a specific setting and had mixed activities, including chronic patients with schizophrenia and most programs offered an integration of ambulatory follow-up in the living environment for some patients (77.1%).
A real dynamic has been launched in France. This study will help to improve visibility of programs and to harmonize and ensure a high level of care.

Key messages
This study shows that a real dynamic has been launched in France. This study shows a need for teams to harmonize and standardize practices of care.
Building Resilience in Adolescents and Youths - The Maltese Scene
Authors: Cachia J M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

The Office of the Commissioner for Mental Health in Malta was established in 2011 to promote and protect rights of persons with mental disorders and their carers. This advocacy role includes monitoring of involuntary care, regular reporting on quality of care and care environments, in-depth analysis and recommendations on emerging issues such as mental health literacy, multidisciplinary care plans, drug addiction services and stigma and regular networking across ministries, agencies, departments, and NGOs, breaking silos and building bridges.
Data for 2018 shows that acutely ill young people (10-29 year olds) were 30% of acute involuntary admissions. Males and foreign nationals from medium and least developed countries were more frequently represented. Substance abuse, mood disorders and psychotic disorders were the more common diagnostic groups. Building resilience and providing opportunities for early intervention are key elements of better mental health and well-being in the younger generation.
Six examples of good practice in adolescent and youth mental health from Malta will be presented: Youth.inc by A&Auml;¡enzija Å»gÄ§aÅ¼agÄ§; Kellimni.com by SOS Malta; Youth Mental Health First Aid by Richmond Foundation; Research and Professional Education by ACAMH (Malta); Student Support Services at MCAST MALTA; Project Enlight! by Enlight Foundation. Two of these initiatives were recognised as best practices at European level in a peer learning exercise conducted by the Dutch Youth Institute.
The recommendations are: more focused approaches towards young people with acute mental disorders with special attention to their specific needs; the identification of young people in trouble; work programmes that build resilience, life-skills and employment prospects; the intensified use of refined electronic and social media tools for promotion, prevention and early intervention; and active support and encouragement of peer group development and self-help initiatives.

Key messages
Networking stakeholders to break silos and build bridges. Resilience and early intervention for better mental health and well-being.
Psychotropic drug purchases among Finnish disability pension applicants with mental disorders
Authors: Perhoniemi R , Blomgren J , Laaksonen M , Tuulio-Henriksson A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Trajectories of psychotropic drug purchases around disability pension process have only been studies among awarded applicants. The aim was to follow and compare psychotropic drug purchases between awarded and rejected applicants before and after the application ruling, and to analyse whether such differences are affected by diagnostic group and sociodemographic background.

Methods
A representative 70% sample of Finnish adults applying disability pension due to mental or behavioral disorder in 2009-2011 (N = 18,087) were followed for four eight years in three-month periods. Registers of purchased psychotropic drugs measured in defined daily doses (DDDs), gender, age, occupational class, unemployment history, and diagnostic group were used. The DDD levels and trends were analysed using growth curve models.

Results
The average purchased DDDs of psychotropic drugs increased before the application ruling and decreased gradually thereafter among both awarded and rejected applicants. Before the application ruling the DDD level was higher for the rejected applicants. However, the increase in DDDs was steeper for awarded applicants. The inversed U-curve of purchase amount was most prominent awarded applicants in diagnostic groups of bipolar disorders, depression, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. The results partly varied between sociodemographic groups.

Conclusions
The early high level of psychotropic drug purchases of rejected disability pension applicants signals long running ill-health, calling for earlier measures to uphold their functional ability. Respectively, for awarded applicants, the steep DDD increase before the ruling may reflect accurate identification of worsening condition but also access to precise treatment.

Key messages
Rejected disability pension applicants with mental disorders suffer from long-running mental ill-health, calling for earlier measures to uphold their mental health and prevent the pension process. Awarded disability pension applicants with mental disorders may have access to more precise treatment, but their worsening condition appear to be accurately identified by Finnish system.
Assessment of Cognitive Reserve: a pilot study for Bulgarian Population
Authors: Yaneva A , Massaldjieva R , Mateva N , Bakova D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The Cognitive Reserve (CR) is a concept used to represent the individual differences in processing cognitive tasks, allowing to cope with the pathology of the brain. CR describes the individual brain potential as a result of various activities during the lifespan. The study of this construct could open one more “door” on the path to the prevention of diseases associated with cognitive dysfunctions in human aging. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the CR as a part of a project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various options for stimulating active aging.

Methods
The Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) was translated into Bulgarian and was administered to 114 healthy participants (84,2% female and 15,8% male), aged 23 to 84 years (M = 52,40 SD = 16.81), divided into three age groups (up to 44, 45- 69 and over 70 years old). An individual CRI-level was calculated based on the subscores for education, working activity and leisure time. Non-parametric tests (Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test) were used for statistical analysis.

Findings
The CRI-level depends significantly on age (χ2=31.834, (df = 6), p &lt; 0.001) but does not depend on gender (p = 0.257). Significant difference was found in three age groups for the total CRI-score (p &lt; 0.001), CRI-Education (p &lt; 0.001) and CRI-WorkingActivity (p &lt; 0.001) except for CRI-LeisureTime score (p = 0.547). The total CRI-score significantly correlate with CRI-Education (r = 0.863), CRI-WorkingActivity (r = 0.809) and CRI-LeaisureTime (r = 0.414).

Key messages
The CRIq is an easy to administer instrument that could help the assessment of the cognitive reserve in Bulgarian population. The cognitive reserve depends on human behavior through the life span and this fact gives new opportunities for prevention of diseases associated with cognitive dysfunctions in human aging.
Psychosocial distress and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Natt och Dag Y , Mehlig K , Rosengren A , Lissner L , Rosvall M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The contemporary increase in psychological distress observed in many countries is, by itself, a public health issue of great concern.

Methods
This prospective study aims to investigate the impact of psychological distress on incident cardiovascular disease, in different age groups and also with respect to sex, among participants in the Gothenburg-based InterGene Study cohort. This cohort comprises a total of 3614 men and women, aged 25-75 years. Included in the present study were individuals who were free of previous CVD diagnoses and who fully completed all baseline examinations. Inclusions took place during 2001-2004. Psychological distress at baseline was assessed by self-rating depression and anxiety scales. A wide range of physiological and behavioral parameters were also assessed, which allowed for relevant adjustments. The outcome was incident CVD, and with a 12 year follow-up. Cox-regression analyses were performed.

Results
The results showed an increased risk of incident CVD with higher scores on each of the scales. The majority of the findings persisted after adjustments for relevant confounders. It was most common for young women to score high on the anxiety and depression scales.

Conclusions
The associations between psychological distress and later life cardiovascular disease calls for enhanced public health measures aiming at ameliorating psychological health, not least in younger age groups.

Key messages
There was an increased risk of incident CVD with higher scores on psychosocial distress scales. The majority of the findings persisted after adjustments for relevant confounders.
Evaluation of Social Media Use Disorder in Medical Faculty Students
Authors: Aygar H , Unsal A , Arslantas D , Isıktekin Atalay B , Cam C , Kılınc A , Akbulut Zencirci S , Durak Aras B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Recently, social media usage disorder has become a behavioral addiction with the internet which has entered our daily life rapidly. One of the important factors considered to be associated with social media use disorder is thought to be loneliness. The aim of the study was to evaluate the social media use disorder in medical school students.

Methods
This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on the students who were studying in Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine between January 2 and February 28, 2019. The study group consisted of 422 internet user students. The level of social media usage was assessed by Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD-scale). The level of loneliness was evaluated with the short-form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8). Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman correlation analysis were used.

Results
Of the participants 226 (53.6%) was male. The age of the study group ranged from 17 to 29 years and the mean (SD) was 19.78 (1.33) years. The scores obtained from SMD-scale ranged from 0 to 63, with a mean of 12.18±10.35 (median = 9.0). All students had at least one social media account. In the study, no difference was found between the scores obtained from gender, age group, father’s education status, family income status and family type. While the scores of the students whose mothers have a university education level are lower; those who spent more than 2 hours a day on social media had a higher score. There was a weak positive correlation between the scores obtained from SMD-scale and ULS-8 (p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.215). There was a weak negative correlation between the scores obtained from the SMD-scale and the academic grade point average (p = 0.012, r = -0.123).

Conclusions
It is concluded that the correct use of social media can be increased by informing about this issue. Increasing platforms such as student clubs in which individuals could socialize in real life may be useful in reducing this disorder.

Key messages
Public health studies could help prevent social media use disorder transform into more serious health problem in future. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of social media use disorders on mental and physical health.
Socioeconomic differences in the adolescent mental health time trend: what do we refer to?
Authors: Kim Y , Evans B E , Bergh D , Hagquist C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The long-term increase in adolescent internalizing mental health problems in many countries has raised the question of potential socioeconomic status (SES) differences in this trend. Inconsistencies in how SES and mental health are operationalized hamper this question to be addressed. We examined variation in the adolescent mental health trend across different SES groups using different ways of operationalizing SES and mental health.

Methods
We used six waves (1993-2013) of Swedish data from the Health Behaviour of School-aged Children (HBSC) study, an international repeated cross-sectional study. We used three proxy indicators of SES: an objective measure and two subjective measures (adolescents’ perceptions of their own and their family’s economic situation). The mental health indicator was psychosomatic symptoms. For each SES indicator, we analyzed the mental health trend using two standards of dividing SES subgroups (absolute vs. relative standard) and mental health (mean vs. top 90% cut-off score).

Results
The long-term trend of adolescent mental health varied by the SES indicator used. The objective SES measure did not differentiate mental health across different SES groups and the subjective measure of adolescents’ own economic situation did so in terms of the level but not the trend. The subjective measure of the family’s economic situation revealed SES gaps in mental health in terms of both the level and the trend.

Conclusions
Adolescents’ perceptions of their family’s economic situation has a greater discriminant value than the other SES measures to identify SES gaps in mental health in Sweden. Thus, the trend in adolescent mental health across different SES groups varies depending on how SES and mental health are operationalized. We call for efforts in other countries to report trends with varying measures of SES and mental health. This will help identify vulnerable groups in each country and facilitate well-informed international comparisons.

Key messages
This study shows that the long-term trend in adolescent mental health according to one’s SES may meaningfully differ depending on how SES and mental health are operationalized. This study calls for future studies in other countries for a more precise identification of vulnerable groups and for a facilitation of well-informed international comparison.
Healthcare use prior to suicide in the Stockholm County population 2011-2016
Authors: Narusyte J , Kosidou K , Dalman C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Suicide is a major public health problem. A detailed description of healthcare use prior to suicide can serve to improve prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to describe the patterns of primary, specialized outpatient, and inpatient healthcare use from two weeks and up to one year prior to suicide in Stockholm County.

Methods
The study population included all 15 year or older suicide victims who died in Stockholm County 2011-2016 (n = 1950) identified through National Cause of Death Registry. Data on number of visits and contacts with healthcare among suicide victims were obtained from VAL healthcare use registry in Stockholm County. Healthcare use was depicted from one year to up to two weeks prior to suicide death.

Results
Preliminary results showed that there were 65% and 57% of women and men, respectively, who had at least one contact with healthcare during the last two weeks before suicide death. Measured one year prior to suicide, there were 93% of women and 85% of men who had at least one contact with healthcare. Among those who had at least one contact with healthcare two weeks prior to suicide, there were 16% of women and 12% of men who were hospitalized, 55% of women and 47% of men who had a contact with specialized outpatient care, and 32% of women and 27% of men who had a contact with primary healthcare. The proportion of those who did not have any contact with healthcare during the six months prior to suicide decreased gradually with increasing age among men (23% at ages of 15-24 years old and 7% at ages of 65 and older). There were on average 7% of women in all age groups who did not have any contact with healthcare during the six months prior to suicide.

Conclusions
The majority of the suicide victims had a contact with healthcare during the last year prior to suicide death. The findings suggest that suicide prevention efforts may target improved tools for clinically-based risk assessment.

Key messages
The majority of the suicide victims had at least one contact with healthcare during the last year prior to suicide death. Those who did not have any contact with healthcare during six months prior to suicide were more likely to be young men.
Use of antidepressant medication in Côte d’Ivoire (2017-2018)
Authors: Kouame J , Oga S S , Koffi K , Attia-Konan R , Tiade M L , Yapi Y P , Kouadio L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Like industrialized countries, people in developing world are increasingly exposed to mental disorders. Antidepressant drugs play a major role in the treatment of these disorders. The objective of this study was to describe the use of these drugs in Côte d’Ivoire based on data from a mutual health insurance company.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of the health care consumption data from the mutual insurance company for civil servants and agents of the State of Côte d’Ivoire (MUGEFCI). The sample consisted of members and beneficiaries aged twenty (20) years and over who had taken at least one antidepressant drug reimbursed by the mutual insurance company between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. Consumption was described for each drug and expressed in defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 inhabitants/day.

Results
The sample consisted of 5712 people aged 20 to 88 years with an average age of 50.61±12.02 years. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.10. The number of prevalent users was 3135 in 2017 and 2607 in 2018. The number of incident users in 2018 was 2013. 10871 ’boxes’ of antidepressant drugs were consumed during the study period (52.11% in 2017 and 47.89% in 2018). Amitriptyline (52.71 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2017), fluoxetine (8.60 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2017) and paroxetine (3.32 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2017) were the most used drugs. Their consumption increased by 11.82%, 3.71% and 41.03% respectively in 2018. Venlafaxine (0.37 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2017) was among the least used molecules. Its consumption fell by 52.53% in 2018.

Conclusions
The overall trend was an increase in antidepressant use, with a significant proportion of new users.

Key messages
Depression is a public health problem that is still relevant in developing countries. Depression mainly affects young adults and can influence their productivity.
Large sociodemographic differences in response rates and methods in a population survey in Sweden
Authors: Molarius A , Persson C , Lindström J , Lindén-Boström M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Declining response rates in population surveys may decrease the representativeness and introduce bias in survey results. This study investigated sociodemographic differences in response rates and methods in a population survey in Sweden.

Methods
The study is based on a large population survey conducted in five counties in Mid-Sweden in 2017. Three age-specific questionnaires for persons 18-29, 30-69 and 70 years or older were designed to study living conditions, life style factors and health. The sample was random and stratified by gender, age group and municipality, and comprised 78 000 persons 18 years or older. Up to two reminders were sent, the last reminder consisted of a short version of the questionnaire. The survey could be answered using a written questionnaire or on-line. The web-questionnaire was available in Swedish and English.

Results
The overall response rate was 44% with the lowest participation rate in ages 18-29 years (26%) and highest in ages 70-84 years (70%). Women, persons with high educational level, and persons born in Sweden were more prone to respond than others. Those aged 18-29 years were overrepresented in the sample and the participation rate would have been 46% if the sample had been unstratified by age. The majority of the respondents answered the written questionnaire, even though it was more common that younger people responded via the web compared to older people. In total, 8% of the respondents replied to the short form and this was most common (17%) among those born outside the Nordic countries.

Conclusions
In line with previous research, the results indicate large sociodemographic differences in response rates. The response methods also vary between sociodemographic groups, and knowledge about these differences may be helpful when designing future population surveys.

Key messages
The response rate was higher among older people, women, persons with high educational level, and persons born in Sweden than among other groups. Persons born outside the Nordic countries were most prone to respond to the short form and younger people replied more often to the web-questionnaire than older people.