bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status of an Anomalous Population of Northern Long-Eared Bats in Coastal North Carolina
Authors: Jordan Gary W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe northern long-eared bat Myotis septentrionalis was discovered in coastal North Carolina in 2007. Work began in 2015 to document the species' distribution and behavior in eastern North Carolina, and the known range of the species has expanded from 4 coastal counties to 19. Captures occurred in all months of the year and mostly occurred in or adjacent to wetland forest. Captures occurred exclusively in the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain ecoregion of the state, and the species has not been documented in the Southeastern Plains or Piedmont ecoregions. The lack of captures in the middle of the state suggests spatially disjunct populations in North Carolina. The bats were observed to be active throughout most of the winter and roosted in trees. During late fall–winter 2015–2018, 43 bats were tracked to 165 winter roost trees located mostly in wetland forest. The species' winter activity in coastal North Carolina represents a novel survival strategy as opposed to the hibernation behavior it is assumed to use in the rest of its range. This portion of the state is nearly devoid of caves or mines suitable for hibernacula, but has milder winters with insect activity. During spring 2019, 21 reproductive females were captured in the northern coastal plain and tracked to 64 maternity roost trees located mostly in wetland forest. Pregnant females began to be captured on April 25 and juveniles on June 16, indicating that pups are likely born in late May. Swab samples collected during late fall–winter from species susceptible to white-nose syndrome provided no evidence of Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Since northern long-eared bats in coastal North Carolina are active most of the winter and not dependent upon caves or mines for hibernation, they are likely not susceptible to white-nose syndrome. With the species in sharp decline elsewhere due to white-nose syndrome, this coastal population may serve as a refugium.
Characteristics of ACGME Residency Programs That Select Osteopathic Medical Graduates
Authors: Beckman Jamie J. , Speicher Mark R. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
The transition from American Osteopathic Association (AOA) and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) residency matches to a single graduate medical education accreditation system culminated in a single match in 2020. Without AOA-accredited residency programs, which were open only to osteopathic medical (DO) graduates, it is not clear how desirable DO candidates will be in the unified match. To avoid increased costs and inefficiencies from overapplying to programs, DO applicants could benefit from knowing which specialties and ACGME-accredited programs have historically trained DO graduates.

Objective
This study explores the characteristics of residency programs that report accepting DO students.

Methods
Data from the American Medical Association's Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access were analyzed for percentage of DO residents in each program. Descriptive statistics and a logit link generalized linear model for a gamma distribution were performed.

Results
Characteristics associated with graduate medical education programs that reported a lower percentage of DO graduates as residents were surgical subspecialties, longer training, and higher US Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores of their residents compared with specialty average. Characteristics associated with a higher percentage of DO graduates included interviewing more candidates for first-year positions and reporting a higher percentage of female residents.

Conclusions
Wide variation exists in the percentage of DO graduates accepted as residents among specialties and programs. This study provides valuable information about the single Match for DO graduates and their advisers and outlines education opportunities for the osteopathic profession among the specialties with low percentages of DO students as residents.
QIPS CURE: Implementing a Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Curriculum and Resident Experience
Authors: Mustafa Reem A. , Gillenwater Kristin , Miller Suzanne K. , Aly Abdelrahman , Pamulapati Hema , Sifers Travis M. , Naji Darwish , Drees Betty , Wooldridge David 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Resident participation in quality improvement and patient safety (QIPS) programs is an essential training experience and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirement. However, the most effective approach to achieve this is unclear.

Objective
We developed an experiential Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Curriculum and Resident Experience (QIPS CURE) program, which provides internal medicine (IM) residents with foundational QIPS knowledge, and evaluated its effectiveness.

Methods
After reviewing IM residency QIPS curricula and obtaining input from institutional stakeholders in 2013–2014, we launched a longitudinal QIPS curriculum for all 66 postgraduate year 1–3 IM residents in July 2014. The QIPS CURE included 2 major elements: didactics, delivered through a variety of sources, including online modules and workshops, and hands-on projects. We delivered this curriculum annually from 2014 to 2018. We used project completion and an attitude survey of participants to evaluate it.

Results
Six projects were completed in 2014–2015, and 10 projects completed yearly for the next 3 academic years. Residents presented all projects at regional meetings. Surveyed residents reported improvement in understanding (M = 5.71, SD = 1.07 pre- to M = 6.38, SD = 0.49 post-curriculum, P = .013) and competence (M = 3.31, SD = 1.18 pre- to M = 6.08, SD = 0.77, post-curriculum, P &lt; .001) when comparing graduates of the curriculum with incoming interns. Qualitative analysis revealed perceived acquisition of skills needed to carry out successful QIPS projects.

Conclusions
This QIPS program was sustainable over 4 years and generally well-received by residents, with many projects completed each year.
Involvement of rural households in oil palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>) fruits postharvest activities in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Dorcas Lola , Famakinwa Michael , Akinnawonu Oluwakemi Esther 
Published: July 2020

The study assessed the involvement of rural households in oil palm fruits post-harvest activities (PHAs) in Ondo State, Nigeria. Specifically, examined their perception towards involvement in oil palm fruits PHAs; identified oil palm fruit PHAs respondents were involved in; determined their level of involvement in those activities and identified constraints associated with their involvement. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 processors from selected 3 LGAs in Ondo State. Data were collected using structured interview schedule and summarized with percentages, means and standard deviations while correlation and chi-square analyses were used to draw inference on hypothesis. Results showed that the majority (63.3%) of the respondents had favourable perception towards involvement in oil palm fruits PHAs. The majority of the processors were mostly involved in marketing of palm oil (86.8%), storage of palm oil (80%) and packing of palm oil (60.8%). Also, more than half (61.7%) of the respondents had moderate level of involvement in oil palm fruit PHAs. Lack of modern processing unit (x̄ =2.96), inadequate access to credit facilities (x̄ =2.90), lack of adequate technology (x̄ =2.81) were the major constraints limiting respondents’ involvement in oil palm fruit PHAs. The result of correlation analysis showed that years of residence (r= -0.184), family size (r=0.200) and years of education (r=0.322) had significant relationship with respondents’ involvement in oil palm fruits PHAs. The study concluded that respondents had moderate involvement in oil palm fruits PHAs and recommended that the government at the grassroot should assist in providing modern processing and functional credit facilities.Keywords: Oil palm fruits, Postharvest activities, Involvement, Rural households
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water Samples from Lake Kivu, Rwanda
Authors: Nsabimana Antoine , Habimana Valens , Svetlana Gaidashova 
Published: July 2020

Heavy metals are among the pollutants threatening the living organisms including human beings. The presence of heavy metals in water is of great concern due to their toxicity to aquatic organisms, humans and ability to accumulate in food chains. Thus, there is a need to regularly monitor heavy metal levels in aquatic medium. The present study was conducted to assess heavy metal concentrations in Lake Kivu water. Water samples from Lake Kivu were taken from three sites, namely: Rusizi, Karongi and Rubavu. Heavy metals in the samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption spectro-photometer (SHIMADZU AAS-6800) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES).Copper, lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, mercury and arsenic concentrations were determined. Copper ranged from 3.24 to 10.01 μg/l, lead varied from 8.81 to 37.44 μg/l, cadmium ranged from 5.01 to 14.01 μg/l,chromium was between 139.5 and 226.6 μg/l, manganese varied from 598.3 to 795.7 μg/l, mercury ranged from 0 to 0.047 μg/l, while arsenic was not detected in any of the analyzed water samples. Except for arsenic, all the other heavy metals exceeded the EPA (US Environment Protection Agency) maximum permissible limit for class III surface water intended for fish consumption and recreation. Thus, there is a need to establish the sources of lake water pollution by heavy metals in order to design further strategies limiting the amounts of heavy metals entering Lake Kivu.
Keywords: Cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury
Water Physico-Chemical Characteristics of the Lakes Burera and Ruhondo, Rwanda
Authors: Habimana Valens , Nsabimana Antoine 
Published: July 2020

Rwanda possesses multiple lakes, whose properties were rarely described. The present study assessed physico-chemical characteristics of water in Burera and Ruhondo lakes located in highly populated area with steep slopes, which are under extensive agriculture, thus water quality monitoring is important. Both lakes were alkaline with high content of Mg, while Ruhondo had higher electrical conductivity than Burera. Phosphorus and nitrogen exceeded Class III EPA standards indicating that both lakes are at risk of eutrophication.
Keywords: water quality, lakes Burera and Ruhondo, Rwanda
Atmospheric reactivity and oxidation capacity during summer at a suburban site between Beijing and Tianjin
Authors: Yang Yuan , Wang Yonghong , Zhou Putian , Yao Dan , Ji Dongsheng , Sun Jie , Wang Yinghong , Zhao Shuman , Huang Wei , Yang Shuanghong , Chen Dean , Gao Wenkang , Liu Zirui , Hu Bo , Zhang Renjian , Zeng Limin , Ge Maofa , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku , Wang Yuesi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Hydroxyl (OH) radicals, nitrate (NO3) radicals and ozone (O3)
play central roles in the troposphere because they control the lifetimes of
many trace gases that result from anthropogenic and biogenic origins. To
estimate the air chemistry, the atmospheric reactivity and oxidation
capacity were comprehensively analyzed based on a parameterization method at
a suburban site in Xianghe in the North China Plain from 6 July 2018 to 6 August 2018. The total OH, NO3 and O3 reactivities at the site
varied from 9.2 to 69.6, 0.7 to 27.5 and
3.3×10-4 to 1.8×10-2 s−1 with
campaign-averaged values of 27.5±9.7, 2.2±2.6 and 1.2±1.7×10-3 s−1 (± standard
deviation), respectively. NOx (NO+NO2) was by far the main
contributor to the reactivities of the three oxidants, with average values
of 43 %–99 %. Alkenes dominated the OH, NO3 and O3 reactivities
towards total nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), accounting for
42.9 %, 77.8 % and 94.0 %, respectively. The total OH, NO3 and
O3 reactivities displayed similar diurnal variations with the lowest
values during the afternoon but the highest values during rush hours, and
the diurnal profile of NOx appears to be the major driver for the
diurnal profiles of the reactivities of the three oxidants. A box model (a
model to Simulate the concentrations of Organic vapors, Sulfuric Acid and
Aerosols; SOSAA) derived from a column chemical transport model was used to
simulate OH and NO3 concentrations during the observation period. The
calculated atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) reached 4.5×108 moleculescm-3s-1, with a campaign-averaged value of
7.8×107 moleculescm-3s-1 dominated by OH
(7.7×107 moleculescm-3s-1, 98.2 %), O3
(1.2×106 moleculescm-3s-1, 1.5 %) and NO3
(1.8×105 moleculescm-3s-1, 0.3 %). Overall, the
integration of OH, NO3 and O3 reactivities analysis could provide
useful insights for NMVOC pollution control in the North China Plain. We
suggest that further studies, especially direct observations of OH and
NO3 radical concentrations and their reactivities, are required to
better understand trace gas reactivity and AOC.
Rain event detection in commercial microwave link attenuation data using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Polz Julius , Chwala Christian , Graf Maximilian , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Quantitative precipitation estimation with commercial microwave links (CMLs) is a technique developed to supplement weather radar and rain gauge observations. It is exploiting the relation between the attenuation of CML signal levels and the integrated rain rate along a CML path. The opportunistic nature of this method requires a sophisticated data processing using robust methods. In this study we focus on the processing step of rain event detection in the signal level time series of the CMLs, which we treat as a binary classification problem. This processing step is particularly challenging, because even when there is no rain, the signal level can show large fluctuations similar to that during rainy periods. False classifications can have a high impact on falsely estimated rainfall amounts. We analyze the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN), which is trained to detect rainfall-specific attenuation patterns in CML signal levels, using data from 3904 CMLs in Germany. The CNN consists of a feature extraction and a classification part with, in total, 20 layers of neurons and 1.4×105 trainable parameters. With a structure inspired by the visual cortex of mammals, CNNs use local connections of neurons to recognize patterns independent of their location in the time series. We test the CNN's ability to recognize attenuation patterns from CMLs and time periods outside the training data. Our CNN is trained on 4 months of data from 800 randomly selected CMLs and validated on 2 different months of data, once for all CMLs and once for the 3104 CMLs not included in the training. No CMLs are excluded from the analysis. As a reference data set, we use the gauge-adjusted radar product RADOLAN-RW provided by the German meteorological service (DWD). The model predictions and the reference data are compared on an hourly basis. Model performance is compared to a state-of-the-art reference method, which uses the rolling standard deviation of the CML signal level time series as a detection criteria. Our results show that within the analyzed period of April to September 2018, the CNN generalizes well to the validation CMLs and time periods. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that the CNN is outperforming the reference method, detecting on average 76 % of all rainy and 97 % of all nonrainy periods. From all periods with a reference rain rate larger than 0.6 mm h−1, more than 90 % was detected. We also show that the improved event detection leads to a significant reduction of falsely estimated rainfall by up to 51 %. At the same time, the quality of the correctly estimated rainfall is kept at the same level in regards to the Pearson correlation with the radar rainfall. In conclusion, we find that CNNs are a robust and promising tool to detect rainfall-induced attenuation patterns in CML signal levels from a large CML data set covering all of Germany.
The Power of Necropolitics: Affect Theory and Violence in Perspective
Authors: Martin Annabel , Ortiz-Ceberio Cristina 
Published: July 2020

This article offers an overview of the central arguments and theoretical contributions of affect theory insofar as they are interrelated to and connected with feminist thought. Necropolitics or the right to kill or to destroy is the theme of this two-part essay. This first section points to how the affective turn presents a return of critical theory to bodily matter. Of special importance is the argument regarding the specific manner in which affective studies enable a strong grounding for social action and change by centering its theorizations on interpersonal and relational issues. Whereas the first part of this essay traces a panorama of how the affective proposes a new methodology for thinking about sentience and responsibility, the second section pays special attention to the entanglement of violence and heteronormative affections. The focus is on political violence, with particular attention paid to the Basque situation, on the inadmissible "right to kill" claimed by the warrior that involves a peculiar destructive (mis)understanding of community and of the self. Contrary to the necropolitical logic, the authors propose a feminist ethos linked to an understanding of the affective interstices that open up when emphasis is redirected from the anchors of social bonds/affects to those of direct interpersonal negotiation. In order to outline some of the affective movement entailed in the rethinking of identity in feminist terms needed for an undoing of the necropolitical energy in political violence—what Roland Barthes, terms "the neutral" (2005)—we focus on restorative justice and its affective universe
Soil Development from Volcanic Ash Based on Different Pyroclastic Composition
Authors: Ahmad Asmita , Solle Muchtar Salam , Lopulisa Christianto 
Published: July 2020

Potential volcano in several provinces in Indonesia played a significant role in the formation and quality of soil development. Soils that developed from the volcanic ashes often thought to contribute greatly to improve soil fertility, without regard to the nature and composition of the volcanic ash produced. Volcanic ash generated from the results in volcanic activity has a different composition, there are basaltic, andesitic and granitic, thereby affecting the process of formation and characteristics of the soil. The Objective of this study is to determine the soil development from different types of pyroclastic generated from Lokon volcano in North Sulawesi. The coordinates of research was in 1o 21' 18.0" N and 124o 49' 20.2"E. this research used ARL Quant X (EDXRF Analyzer) for X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Shimadzu XRD-7000 for X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), geology map (scale 1:250,000), topographic map (scale 1:50,000), XRD software, GIS 10.3 software. Soil analysis for texture, pH, C-Organic, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). There are two types of pyroclastic as the source of soil development from volcanic ash, there are; 1) basaltic pyroclastic with 43.26% Si02 that are resulted from the first magmatic eruption and 2) andesitic pyroclastic with 5.09% Si02 that are resulted from the late magmatic eruption. Basaltic pyroclastic contains Fe 37.63%, Al 11.35%, Ca 13.17% and Mg 5.69%, while andesitic pyroclastic contains Fe 38.35%, Al 6.87%, and Ca 8.61%. Rainfall ranges from 2000-3500 mm/yr helped the soil formation and influenced the character of the soil, such as sandy loam of soil texture, 3.08% of soil C-organic content, 23.24 cmol+/kg of CEC and 148.93 cmol+/kg of clay CEC. Clay minerals content of the soil is vermiculite, kaolinite and, halloysite. Cation supply from basaltic pyroclastic influenced the formation of vermiculite mineral, whereas andesitic pyroclastic more influences the formation of the kaolinite mineral. Formation of soil texture with a predominance of the sand fraction is more influenced by the type of andesitic pyroclastic that more resistant to weathering processes.Keywords: Soil; volcanic ash; pyroclastic; vermiculite; kaolinite
Palm Oil Mill Efluent - Zeolite Mixture Improves Acid and Base Cations in Acid Sulfate Soil
Authors: SANTI IDA NUR 
Published: July 2020

Acid sulfate soil contains high acid cations. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) mixed with zeolite can increase pH of acid sulfate soil. Base cations (Ca, K and Mg) on zeolite are exchangeable with H+ and Al3+ ions in acid sulfate soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of application of POME-zeolite mixture on acid cations of acid sulfate soil. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design, with 9 treatments of POME applied on 10 kg of acid sulfate soil. Acid sulfate soil was put into 45cm x 40cm polybag. POME plus zeolite powder (60 mesh, type clinoptilolite) was applied on soil by watering evenly and incubated for 4 weeks at room temperature. The results showed that the content of acid cations of exchangeable-Al and exchangeable-H decreased by 71.21% and 27.71%, respectively after application of POME -zeolite. The application of POME without zeolite decreased the content of exchangeable-Al and exchangeable-H by 46.54% and 42.75%, respectively. Aluminium saturation has decreased after POME-zeolite application from 42.68% (high) to 8.52% (very low). Base saturation increased after application of POME-zeolite application from 17.64% (very low) to 34.88% (low). Application of palm oil mill effluent-zeolite mixture decreased acid cations in acid sulfate soil. Base saturation correlates positively to pH and cation exchange capacity and negatively correlates to Al saturation. The main factors controlling the increase of pH, base saturation and cation exchange capacity of acid sulfate soil after POME-zeolite application were the decrease of exchangeable-H, followed by exchangeable-Al and total-Fe.
Cuantificación de carga interna del entrenamiento en jugadores profesionales de fútbol sala
Authors: Ibáñez Pérez R. J. , Huerta López G. , Juan Meroño A. 
Published: July 2020

El objetivo era conocer las diferencias existentes de cómo afecta la intensidad del entrenamiento a jugadores profesionales de Fútbol Sala, atendiendo a la posición ocupada en el terreno de juego, y comparar los parámetros de frecuencia cardiaca entre entrenamientos y competición. La investigación se realizó al equipo Plásticos Romero Cartagena F.S., registrando las medias de frecuencia cardiaca máxima con pulsómetros y la recogida de la Percepción Subjetiva del Esfuerzo, a través de la escala de Borg. Los resultados obtenidos no mostraron diferencias significativas respecto a la carga cuantificada en las tres posiciones, además la carga interna se manifestó de forma más exigente en jugadores que ocupaban la posición de “Ala” y “Pívot”. Los parámetros de frecuencia cardiaca registrados en entrenamientos se encontraban muy distanciados de los datos de competición recogidos por otros estudios y la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo se mostró como un método válido para la cuantificación de la carga.
The objective was to know the existing differences in how the intensity of training affects professional futsal players, taking into account the position occupied on the pitch, and compare the heart rate parameters between training and competition. The investigation was carried out to the Romero Cartagena F.S. Plastics team, recording the maximum heart rate means with heart rate monitors and the collection of the Subjective Perception of Effort, through the Borg scale. The results obtained did not show significant differences with respect to the quantified load in the three positions, in addition the internal load manifested itself in a more demanding way in players who occupied the position of “Wing” and “Pivot”. The heart rate parameters recorded in training were very distant from the competition data collected by other studies and the subjective perception of effort was shown as a valid method for the quantification of the load.