bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood risk in past and future: A case study for the Pawtuxet River's record‐breaking March 2010 flood event
Authors: Kouhi Soroush , Hashemi M. Reza , Kian Rozita , Spaulding Malcolm , Lewis Matthew , Ginis Isaac 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn March 2010, a sequence of three major rainfall events in New England (United States) led to a record‐breaking flooding event in the Pawtuxet River Watershed with a peak flow discharge of about 500‐year return period. After development of hydrological and hydraulic models, a number of factors that played important roles in the impact of this flooding and other extreme events including river structures (reservoirs, historical textile mill dams, and bridges) were investigated. These factors are currently omitted within risk assessments tools such as flood insurance rate maps. Some management strategies that should be considered for future flood risk mitigation were modeled and discussed. Furthermore, to better understand possible future risks in a warmer climate, another extreme flood event was simulated. The synthetic/hypothetical storm (Hurricane Rhody with two landfalls) was created based on the characteristics of the historical hurricanes that severely impacted this region in the past. It was shown that while the first landfall of this hurricane did not lead to significant flood risk, the second landfall could generate more rain and flooding equivalent to a 500‐year event. Results and the methodology of this study can be used to better understand and assess future flood risk in similar watersheds.
Healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care and family carers' perceptions of dementia care in China: An integrative review
Authors: Zhao Wenhong , Jones Cindy , Wu Min‐Lin (Winnie) , Moyle Wendy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo establish an understanding of healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care, and family carers' perceptions of dementia care in China.BackgroundHealthcare professionals and family carers of people with dementia deliver most of the dementia care in China. However, little research on healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care, and family carers' dementia care perceptions has been conducted in China.MethodsAn integrative review was conducted and reported based on the PRISMA guidelines and Whittemore and Knafl's framework. Eight English databases were searched without date restriction: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus; and three Chinese databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing Weipu and Wanfang, plus a manual search of reference lists.ResultsThirty‐eight primary research papers were included in the review. Three themes were identified from the synthesis: (a) knowledge and competency; (b) attitudes towards dementia care; and (c) carers' burden and unmet needs. Healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge ranged from low to moderate levels and attitudes towards dementia care were generally negative. With low levels of knowledge of dementia and negative attitudes including stigma, family carers were under stress with insufficient support, and they expected more support from community nurses.ConclusionsThere is an apparent need for a national policy on healthcare professional education and training to improve dementia care practice in China. Such a policy may improve support services for family carers.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses, and particularly community nurses, are well‐positioned to support family carers in China. However, healthcare professionals in China are not prepared for this. Therefore, education and training on dementia care should be integrated into medical and nursing undergraduate programmes and provided for healthcare professionals after commencing employment, and strategies to reduce stigma are needed.
Exploring the experience of health professionals who cared for patients with coronavirus infection: Hospitalised isolation and self‐image
Authors: Kim Sujin , Shin Hyun A. , Hong Kieun , Kim Sue 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to examine the lived experience of physicians and nurses who underwent hospitalised isolation during the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak that hit Korea in 2015, and how it may have affected their professional self‐image.BackgroundHealth professionals caring for patients during infectious outbreaks such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome have reported negative psychological effects. However, little is known about how the experience influences their professional self‐image.DesignAn interpretive phenomenological approach was applied using individual in‐depth interviews.MethodsThrough purposeful and snowball sampling, 11 health professionals who had experienced hospital isolation due to suspicious symptoms of Middle East respiratory syndrome during the outbreak, participated in face‐to‐face interviews (50–90 min). We adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guideline for reporting.ResultsSix themes were identified: (a) engulfed in chaos and exhaustion; (b) feeling hurt and constrained by the rejection and blame; (c) anxiety induced by the enclosed environment; (d) dread of this uncertain and critical disease; (e) sustained by family and colleagues; and (f) reflection at this turning point, expanding self‐understanding and seeking a balance.ConclusionHospitalised isolation was a “turning point” that appeared to change health professionals’ sense of identity and direction.Relevance to clinical practicePreparedness for infectious epidemics should ensure tangible assistance, protection, and clear communication with health professionals, with careful attention to their psychological needs and affirmation of their self‐image in the aftermath.
Impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study
Authors: McNicholas Nuala , Russell Audrey , Nolan Geraldine , Tubridy Niall , Hutchinson Michael , Garvey John Francis , McGuigan Christopher 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCognitive impairment (CI) and fatigue are common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), with well‐known profound effects on quality of life. Sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), are also common in MS patients. The presence of CI has previously been shown to strongly correlate with OSA diagnosed using polysomnography in MS. Treatment of OSA has not previously been investigated as a potential modality to improve cognition in MS patients. Therefore, we sought to investigate the potential effects of OSA treatment on both cognitive function and fatigue in MS patients. Twenty‐three participants with MS reporting significant fatigue were enrolled. CI was assessed by the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS and the 3‐second Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test. All participants underwent overnight polysomnography to assess for possible OSA. Cognitive and fatigue measures were repeated in those subsequently treated for OSA and in a comparative untreated sample. Seven participants (30%) had a diagnosis of OSA based on an apnoea–hypopnea index greater than 5 per hour, with no correlation between the presence of CI and OSA. Verbal learning at follow‐up assessment was seen to improve significantly in those treated for OSA, compared with those who were not treated for a sleep disorder. This small study demonstrates the potential for OSA treatment to improve verbal learning in people with MS, larger studies are indicated to further investigate the potential for cognitive and fatigue improvement in people with MS through treatment of comorbid OSA.
An investigation of toe‐tapping behaviour in anurans by analysis of online video resources
Authors: Claessens L. S. A. , Ganchev N. O. , Kukk M. M. , Schutte C. J. , Sloggett J. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractToe‐tapping is a widespread anuran behaviour commonly associated with feeding where the anurans move the middle toes of their hind legs up and down. Previous studies have interpreted it as a pedal lure, a prey localization method and a stimulus used to transfix prey. A database of online videos was constructed in order to study this behaviour across species, with a particular focus on arrow poison frogs (Dendrobatidae); tapping occurrence, prey characteristics and environmental factors were recorded. The data collected include 19 species that have, as of yet, not been recorded to tap, 16 of which exhibit feeding‐related tapping, while in the three other species, tapping seemed to be related to courtship. Across dendrobatid species, a significant correlation was found between prey activity and the occurrence of tapping, which supports a prey localization hypothesis. The database proved to be a valid method of research as it provided a sample size large enough for detailed data analysis across the Dendrobatidae. The utility of the data was partially limited by the available number of observations per species and the inconsistency in video quality, however.
Vascular endothelial injury exacerbates coronavirus disease 2019: The role of endothelial glycocalyx protection
Authors: Okada Hideshi , Yoshida Shozo , Hara Akira , Ogura Shinji , Tomita Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe potential for a rapid increase in severity is among the most frightening aspects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Evidence increasingly suggests that the symptoms of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19)‐related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) differ from those of classic ARDS. Recently, the severity of COVID‐19 has been attributed to a systemic, thrombotic, and inflammatory disease that damages not only the lungs but also multiple organs, including the heart, brain, toes, and liver. This systemic form of COVID‐19 may be due to inflammation and vascular endothelial cell injury. The vascular endothelial glycocalyx comprises glycoproteins and plays an important role in systemic capillary homeostasis maintenance. The glycocalyx covers the entire vascular endothelium, and its thickness varies among organs. The endothelial glycocalyx is very thin in the pulmonary capillaries, where it is affected by gaseous exchange with the alveoli and the low intravascular pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Despite the clearly important roles of the glycocalyx in vascular endothelial injury, thrombosis, vasculitis, and inflammation, the link between this structure and vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in COVID‐19 remains unclear. In this prospective review, we summarize the importance of the glycocalyx and its potential as a therapeutic target in cases of systemic COVID‐19.
Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2
Authors: Walker Anthony P. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Bastos Ana , Belmecheri Soumaya , Georgiou Katerina , Keeling Ralph F. , McMahon Sean M. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Moore David J. P. , Norby Richard J. , Zaehle Sönke , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Battipaglia Giovanna , Brienen Roel J. W. , Cabugao Kristine G. , Cailleret Maxime , Campbell Elliott , Canadell Josep G. , Ciais Philippe , Craig Matthew E. , Ellsworth David S. , Farquhar Graham D. , Fatichi Simone , Fisher Joshua B. , Frank David C. , Graven Heather , Gu Lianhong , Haverd Vanessa , Heilman Kelly , Heimann Martin , Hungate Bruce A. , Iversen Colleen M. , Joos Fortunat , Jiang Mingkai , Keenan Trevor F. , Knauer Jürgen , Körner Christian , Leshyk Victor O. , Leuzinger Sebastian , Liu Yao , MacBean Natasha , Malhi Yadvinder , McVicar Tim R. , Penuelas Josep , Pongratz Julia , Powell A. Shafer , Riutta Terhi , Sabot Manon E. B. , Schleucher Juergen , Sitch Stephen , Smith William K. , Sulman Benjamin , Taylor Benton , Terrer César , Torn Margaret S. , Treseder Kathleen K. , Trugman Anna T. , Trumbore Susan E. , van Mantgem Phillip J. , Voelker Steve L. , Whelan Mary E. , Zuidema Pieter A. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAtmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is increasing, which increases leaf‐scale photosynthesis and intrinsic water‐use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential to increase plant growth, vegetation biomass, and soil organic matter; transferring carbon from the atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a carbon sink). A substantial global terrestrial carbon sink would slow the rate of [CO2] increase and thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2 responses are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents of global change and evidence for a [CO2]‐driven terrestrial carbon sink can appear contradictory. Here we synthesize theory and broad, multidisciplinary evidence for the effects of increasing [CO2] (iCO2) on the global terrestrial carbon sink. Evidence suggests a substantial increase in global photosynthesis since pre‐industrial times. Established theory, supported by experiments, indicates that iCO2 is likely responsible for about half of the increase. Global carbon budgeting, atmospheric data, and forest inventories indicate a historical carbon sink, and these apparent iCO2 responses are high in comparison to experiments and predictions from theory. Plant mortality and soil carbon iCO2 responses are highly uncertain. In conclusion, a range of evidence supports a positive terrestrial carbon sink in response to iCO2, albeit with uncertain magnitude and strong suggestion of a role for additional agents of global change.
Morality, normativity and measuring moral distress
Authors: Newham Roger 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is known that people have been getting distressed for a long‐time and healthcare workers, like the military, seem to fit criteria for being at particular risk. Fairly recently a term of art, moral distress, has been added to types of distress at work, though not restricted to work, they can suffer. There are recognized scales that measure psychological distress such as the General Health Questionnaire and the Kessler scales but moral distress it is claimed is different warranting its own scale. This seems to be because of both the intensity and nature of moral problems encountered at work that is so powerful and so destructive of moral agency and integrity. This paper will focus on how, if at all, moral distress is different by examining the idea of moral normativity. Moral normativity is understood as roughly the sort of thing that all rational persons would endorse regardless of his interests, having an “automatic reason giving force” and is likely to also require an overriding force. Specifically, it will examine how this force of moral claims seems to be needed for moral distress to be so destructive of healthcare professional's moral agency and integrity. This is related to the idea of warrantedness of the reaction of distress. Even if morality had such a strong normativity, one can still ask is distress the correct or warranted reaction? It seems plausible that if distress is a correct response for it to be both moral and warranted it needs a strong account of moral normativity. The idea of a distinct form of distress as moral distress may be true in theory but is too contested both ontologically and epistemologically for a useful practice of measurement at present.
A perspective on dental activity during COVID‐19: The Italian survey
Authors: Izzetti Rossana , Gennai Stefano , Nisi Marco , Barone Antonio , Giuca Maria Rita , Gabriele Mario , Graziani Filippo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesDuring the months of March and April 2020, Italy saw an exponential outbreak of COVID‐19 epidemic. Dental practitioners were particularly limited in their routine activity, and the sole performance of urgent treatments was strongly encouraged during the peak of the epidemic. A survey among dental professionals was performed between 6th and 13th of April, in order to evaluate the status of dental practice during COVID‐19 in Italy.Materials and MethodsAn online anonymous questionnaire was administered to retrieve data on the dental procedures performed, the preventive measures adopted, and the predictions on the future changes in dentistry following the pandemic.ResultsThe survey was completed by 3,254 respondents and, according to the results obtained, dental activity was reduced by the 95% and limited to urgent treatments. The majority of the surveyed dentists employed additional personal protective equipment compared to normal routine, although in a non‐negligible number of cases difficulty in retrieving the necessary equipment was reported.ConclusionsThe survey provided a snapshot of dental activity during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak. Overall, following the peak of the epidemic, it is probable that dental activities will undergo some relevant changes prior to fully restart.
High‐risk catheter ablation of refractory atrial fibrillation using Impella CP in a patient with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Osei Kofi , Taskesen Tuncay , Hounshell Troy , Meyers Jason 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundImpella CP support during Posterior Vein Isolation/Posterior Wall Isolation (PVI/PWI) in the setting of persistent cardiogenic shock from refractory atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (AF/RVR), has not been reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge.CaseA 61‐year‐old male truck driver was admitted with acute HFrEF with AF/RVR 130 ‐ 150. His EF was 20% with global hypokinesis. He was diuresed and cardioverted to sinus rhythm and had QTc of 532. He reverted to AF/RVR in less than 24 hours, requiring amiodarone drip. Shortly, amiodarone was discontinued because of intense anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Class III and Class 1c agents were contraindicated due to prolonged QTc and cardiomyopathy. He developed cardiogenic shock, worsening cardiorenal syndrome, and shock liver requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Inotropes and vasopressors were contraindicated. AVN ablation was refused because he wanted to return to truck driving. EF dropped to 10%, and moderate RV dysfunction ensued. Right heart catheterization showed PASP 53, PADP 38, and PCWP 37 with RAP 28mmHg. Coronary angiogram was normal. An Impella device was inserted, and support was set to P6 with 3.4 L/min cardiac output. PVI with cryoablation, PWI, and anterior mitral isthmus ablation was successful. The adequacy of isolation was verified by demonstrating a complete exit block 30 mins after ablation. Normal sinus rhythm was restored after cardioversion. Echo 48 hours later revealed improvement in EF from 10% to 40% in sinus rhythm. Impella and CRRT were weaned. He was discharged on GDMT.ConclusionThere are no recommendations regarding PVI for AF/RVR on mechanical circulatory support (MCS). MCS assisted PVI/PWI may be the only resort to restore hemodynamic stability in cases where a pacemaker is not desirable. PVI/PWI is a lengthy procedure; the use of the Impella support for PVI/PWI in cardiogenic shock allows adequate time for exit block testing and PWI. The operator can do thorough mapping and ablation, knowing that the patient is receiving adjustable support based on hemodynamic demands. We had a good outcome; nevertheless, the potential pitfalls are unknown.
Movement skills, perception, and physical activity of young children: A mediation analysis
Authors: Capio Catherine M. , Eguia Kathlynne F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFundamental movement skill proficiency and perceived physical competence have been shown to influence the physical activity of children. However, the mechanisms and patterns of their relationships in early childhood need to be investigated. This study examined the direct and indirect effects of fundamental movement skills and the mediating role of perceived physical competence on the physical activity of young children.MethodsParticipants were 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children (N = 230; 121 girls, 109 boys). Fundamental movement skill components (i.e., locomotor, object control) were measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development‐2; perceived physical competence was measured using the physical skills domain of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence for young children; and physical activity was monitored using pedometers over a 5‐day period (n = 115). Conditional process analysis was performed to examine mediation.ResultsObject control skill proficiency had a significant positive effect on perceived physical competence (B = 0.28, P = 0.02), and a significant positive effect on daily step counts (B = 0.18, P = 0.04). Perceived physical competence had a significant negative effect on daily step counts (B = −0.31, P = 0.003) and mediated the indirect effect of object control skills on daily step counts (B = −0.09, 95% confidence interval: −0.17 to −0.002).ConclusionsObject control skill proficiency had a significant direct effect on physical activity, and perceived physical competence mediates an indirect effect. The findings contribute to the evidence base supporting the development of object control skills as a factor that enables adequate physical activity in young children.
Early term delivery is associated with increased neonatal respiratory morbidity
Authors: Bulut Ozgul , Buyukkayhan Derya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe recent increase in early term birth rates represents a growing challenge to public health given the association between early term birth and neonatal morbidities. We compared the risk of respiratory morbidity between early term and full‐term infants.MethodsThis retrospective cohort population study included infants born at 37–41 weeks’ gestation in a single tertiary care university hospital between 2014 and 2016. Newborns were categorized as early term (37–38 weeks) and full term (39–41 weeks). The primary outcome was respiratory morbidity.ResultsOf the 4,894 babies born at 37–41 weeks gestational age, 31% (n = 1,521) were early term births. The rate of cesarean deliveries, which were often elective, was higher for early term than for full‐term newborns (P = 0.001). Compared with full‐term newborns, early term newborns, had significantly higher risks of respiratory morbidity (13.2 % vs 6.3 %; odds ratio [OR], 2.28, P = 0.001), respiratory distress syndrome (0.5 % vs 0 %, P = 0.001), transient tachypnea of the newborn (11.2 % vs 4.6 %; OR, 2.72, P = 0.001), continuous positive airway pressure use (9.7 % vs 3.7 %; OR, 2.82, P = 0.001), and ventilation support (1.4% vs 0.4%; OR, 4.11, P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe elevated frequency of respiratory morbidity in early term infants emphasizes the importance of early term birth interventions. More than half of the early term births were elective cesarean sections; interventions should therefore focus on reducing elective cesarean procedures at the time of first birth.
Aesthetic practices and normativity
Authors: Kubala Robbie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhat should we do, aesthetically speaking, and why? Any adequate theory of aesthetic normativity must distinguish reasons internal and external to aesthetic practices. This structural distinction is necessary in order to reconcile our interest in aesthetic correctness with our interest in aesthetic value. I consider three case studies—score compliance in musical performance, the look of a mowed lawn, and literary interpretation—to show that facts about the correct actions to perform and the correct attitudes to have are explained by norms internal to a practice. Practice‐internal norms, however, cannot settle the distinct question of which practices we have reason to opt into. When it comes to the source of aesthetic normativity—in virtue of what aesthetic value is genuinely reason‐giving—I argue that existing accounts, which appeal to pleasure or achievement, are inadequate. The only practice‐external aesthetic requirement is a generic one to opt into at least some aesthetic practices.