bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects and prediction of nonpoint source pollution on the structure of aquatic food webs
Authors: Zhao Chang S. , Pan Xu , Yang Sheng T. , Xiang Hua , Zhao Jin , Gan Xin J. , Ding Su Y. , Yu Qiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNonpoint source pollution entering rivers will pollute water quality, degrading the health of aquatic ecosystems. However, owing to the lack of quantitative research on the effects of nonpoint source pollution on the structure of aquatic food webs, there is a lack of quantitative basis for river management. Nonpoint source pollution is not only difficult to control effectively, but also the success rate of water ecological restoration projects is low. With the increasing proportion of nonpoint source pollution in water environmental problems, it is urgent to quantitatively assess and predict the impact of nonpoint source pollution on the structure of food webs. Therefore, this thesis presents a method for quantitatively assessing and predicting the impact of nonpoint source pollution on the structure of food webs through using fuzzy clustering to screen the typical points of the impact of nonpoint source pollution, then using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and partial least squares regression analysis to comprehensively filtrate the driving factors affect food web that results in nonpoint source pollution, and then determining the impact of each driving factor on the structure of food webs. Finally, the change trend of food web structure is predicted. The results show that (1) the driving factors that the nonpoint source pollution that affects the food web structure is NH3‐N and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The increase in NH3‐N and COD promotes the growth of phytoplankton, causing the change of the primary productivity of the ecosystem, and ultimately changes the entire food web structure; (2) NH3‐N and COD affect the stability, maturity, connectivity and complexity of the aquatic food web structure. The increase of NH3‐N increases the connectivity and maturity of the food web structure but reduces complexity and stability; the increase of COD increases the connection of the food web structure, while reducing the other three indicators; (3) in some areas with good water quality, aquatic species diversity is high, the relationship of interspecies dietary is complex, food web structure level index is high and the structure of food web is stable. The food web structure in the rainy season will be better than that in the dry season. In some areas with severe water pollution and poor food web structure, the ability of the food web to resist external interference is weak. The food web structure in the rainy season will be worse than that in the dry season owing to rainfall into the river. The methods and conclusions in this treatise can provide a reliable and quantitative scientific basis for river ecosystem management and ecosystem restoration and can improve the success rate of ecological restoration projects.
Interaction between watershed features and climate forcing affects habitat profitability for juvenile salmon
Authors: Walsworth Timothy E. , Baldock Jeffrey R. , Zimmerman Christian E. , Schindler Daniel E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOpportunities for growth and survival of aquatic organisms are spatially and temporally variable as habitat conditions across watersheds respond to interacting climatic, geomorphic, and hydrologic conditions. As conservation efforts often focus on identifying and protecting critical habitats, it is important to understand how this spatial and temporal variation in habitat quality affects the production dynamics of populations. Here, we use microchemical records preserved in otoliths to reconstruct juvenile habitat‐use by sockeye salmon that survived to spawn in a single population on the Alaska Peninsula. Successful individuals demonstrated a diverse array of juvenile behavioral strategies both within and among years. Importantly, the dominant juvenile behavioral strategy used by successful individuals changed among years, suggesting shifts in the relative benefits of different rearing habitats. The growth benefits of remaining in a more productive rearing lake were greatest in warm years indicating environmental influence on relative habitat quality. However, we found no strong relationship between the amount of growth accumulated in the productive rearing lake and overall population productivity across years. These results highlight the dynamic nature of habitat conditions and the beneficial effect of maintaining connectivity between diverse habitats for population productivity. When short‐term studies are used to demonstrate the relative values of different habitats to species of conservation concern, there is a distinct risk of under‐valuing habitats that may be critically important under alternative environmental conditions. In particular, land‐use decisions that reduce the range of habitat options available to species may erode a population’s ability to withstand environmental change over the long term.
Prediction of the reflection intensity of natural hydroxyapatite using generalized linear model and ensemble learning methods
Authors: Okafor Emmanuel , Obada David O. , Ibrahim Yusuf , Dodoo‐Arhin David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLaboratory data acquisition and analysis of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data involves a lot of tedious human engineering and is time‐consuming. To put in context, a summation of the material synthesis procedure leading to the analysis of the structure of the material can span several days. To curb this challenge and to enhance innovations in engineering pedagogy, this article investigates an alternative method that uses supervised learning algorithms based on ensemble techniques and a generalized linear model (GLM) for predicting reflection intensity (XRD patterns) of raw and natural hydroxyapatite under varying sintering temperature conditions given Bragg angles as input to the machine learning algorithms. For the experiment, we trained GLM and ensemble learning models (CatBoost, LightGBM, and two variants of XGBoost based on manual and genetic algorithm for tuning of the hyperparameters). The results show that most instances of the XGBoost yielded a robust performance that surpasses all other approaches, when predicting X‐ray reflection intensities ascribed to the biomaterials subjected to varying sintering temperature conditions. In addition, the results show that all the ensemble techniques significantly outperform the GLM, this indicates that the former exhibits better generalization capacity. The ensemble learning techniques and the GLM presents a reduced computational complexity.
Stability of plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposited barrier films in biological solutions
Authors: Singh Ankit K. , Adstedt Katarina , Miao Tianxin , Champion Julie , Singh Preet M. , Graham Samuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe applicability of atomic layer deposited (ALD) metal oxides as protective, encapsulating barriers for bioimplants and wearable technology is tested by determining the corrosion resistance of the films. Al2O3, HfO2, TiO2, and ZrO2 are deposited at 100°C and prove to be cytocompatible through MTT cell proliferation assay measurements. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are conducted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, and simulated saliva and sweat solutions for 21 days using a three‐electrode setup. The resulting data demonstrates the mechanism of material degradation through equivalent electrical circuits fits. Of the metal oxides tested, HfO2, TiO2, and ZrO2 are established as viable options for protective coatings by exhibiting enhanced corrosion resistance in three biological environments. ALD TiO2 is most stable in PBS solution, while ALD ZrO2 is most stable in the simulated saliva and sweat solutions.
Performance of static synchronous series compensator and superconducting magnetic energy storage controllers for frequency regulation in two area hybrid wind‐thermal power system using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Chaine Sabita , Tripathy Manish 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo improve the management of limited real power resources, the controller parameters of flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTs) and energy storage systems (ESS) may be simultaneously tuned to optimize the frequency regulation in a two‐area thermal power system penetrated by wind power. In this regard, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), are operated together in different combinations in a two‐area power system. The controller parameters of SMES and SSSC placed in the system are optimized by means of Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA). Among the two, SMES is found to provide the best dynamic performance. The performance of coordinated controllers of SMES in both the areas supported by wind power from a double‐fed induction generator (DFIG), is also tested. In the event of any load perturbation, the dynamic performance of the controllers is analyzed with the sole participation of the DFIG and with the simultaneous operation of DFIG and SMES in both areas. Finally, time and frequency domain performance indices are reported and discussed.
Long‐Term Behavior of a Solid Oxide Electrolyzer (SOEC) Stack▴
Authors: Lang M. , Raab S. , Lemcke M. S. , Bohn C. , Pysik M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe successful market introduction of the solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cell technology for power‐to‐gas applications requires the reduction of the degradation rates and the better understanding of the degradation mechanisms of the stacks. Therefore, the paper reports and compares the long‐term behavior of a solid oxide cell stack in electrolysis and reversible fuel cell/electrolysis operation. The 30‐cell stack with electrolyte supported cells was supplied by Sunfire GmbH (Dresden/Germany) in the German funded RSOC Project. The stack was operated for 3,370 h in electrolysis and afterwards for 2,500 h in reversible fuel cell/electrolysis mode, each at 70% gas conversion. In the beginning of the test, the stack showed high gas tightness, good performances and high efficiencies in both SOEC and SOFC operations. During 3,370 h of SOEC operation a low degradation of +0.5%/1,000 h was measured. During 2,500 h of reversible fuel cell/electrolysis cycling, the gas tightness of the stack slightly decreased, which led to a temperature increase, and higher degradation rates were observed. The increase of the ohmic resistance contributed mostly to the degradation. Optimized operating conditions for reversible cycling and increasing the purity of the supplied water are foreseen in order to minimize stack degradation in reversible operation.
Nanoenabled Photothermal Materials for Clean Water Production
Authors: Irshad Muhammad Sultan , Arshad Naila , Wang Xianbao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSolar‐powered water evaporation is a primitive technology but interest has revived in the last five years due to the use of nanoenabled photothermal absorbers. The cutting‐edge nanoenabled photothermal materials can exploit a full spectrum of solar radiation with exceptionally high photothermal conversion efficiency. Additionally, photothermal design through heat management and the hierarchy of smooth water‐flow channels have evolved in parallel. Indeed, the integration of all desirable functions into one photothermal layer remains an essential challenge for an effective yield of clean water in remote‐sensing areas. Some nanoenabled photothermal prototypes equipped with unprecedented water evaporation rates have been reported recently for clean water production. Many barriers and difficulties remain, despite the latest scientific and practical implementation developments. This Review seeks to inspire nanoenvironmental research communities to drive onward toward real‐time solar‐driven clean water production.
A Hydrophobic‐Interaction‐Based Mechanism Triggers Docking between the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike and Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme 2
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Ma Xiaoliang , Guo Shuai , Hou Chengyu , Shi Liping , Zhang Hongchi , Zheng Bing , Liao Chenchen , Yang Lin , Ye Lin , He Xiaodong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA recent experimental study found that the binding affinity between the cellular receptor human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and receptor‐binding domain (RBD) in the spike (S) protein of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is more than tenfold higher than that of the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV). However, main chain structures of the SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD are almost the same with that of the SARS‐CoV RBD. Understanding the physical mechanism responsible for the outstanding affinity between the SARS‐CoV‐2 S and ACE2 is an “urgent challenge” for developing blockers, vaccines, and therapeutic antibodies against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Taking into account the mechanisms of hydrophobic interaction, hydration shell, surface tension, and the shielding effect of water molecules, this study reveals a hydrophobic‐interaction‐based mechanism by means of which SARS‐CoV‐2 S and ACE2 bind together in an aqueous environment. The hydrophobic interaction between the SARS‐CoV‐2 S and ACE2 protein is found to be significantly greater than that between SARS‐CoV S and ACE2. At the docking site, the hydrophobic portions of the hydrophilic side chains of SARS‐CoV‐2 S are found to be involved in the hydrophobic interaction between SARS‐CoV‐2 S and ACE2.
Deficiency of Histone Methyltransferase SET Domain‐Containing 2 in Liver Leads to Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and HCC
Authors: Li Xue‐Jing , Li Qing‐Lan , Ju Lin‐Gao , Zhao Chen , Zhao Lan‐Shen , Du Jia‐Wen , Wang Yan , Zheng Ling , Song Bao‐Liang , Li Lian‐Yun , Li Li , Wu Min 
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims
Trimethylation of Lys36 on histone 3 (H3K36me3) catalyzed by histone methyltransferase SET domain‐containing 2 (SETD2) is one of the most conserved epigenetic marks from yeast to mammals. SETD2 is frequently mutated in multiple cancers and acts as a tumor suppressor.

Approach and Results
Here, using a liver‐specific Setd2 depletion model, we found that Setd2 deficiency is sufficient to trigger spontaneous HCC. Meanwhile, Setd2 depletion significantly increased tumor and tumor size of a diethylnitrosamine‐induced HCC model. The mechanistic study showed that Setd2 suppresses HCC not only through modulating DNA damage response, but also by regulating lipid metabolism in the liver. Setd2 deficiency down‐regulated H3K36me3 enrichment and expression of cholesterol efflux genes and caused lipid accumulation. High‐fat diet enhanced lipid accumulation and promoted the development of HCC in Setd2‐deficient mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis further revealed that Setd2 depletion induced c‐Jun/activator protein 1 (AP‐1) activation in the liver, which was trigged by accumulated lipid. c‐Jun acts as an oncogene in HCC and functions through inhibiting p53 in Setd2‐deficient cells.

Conclusions
We revealed the roles of Setd2 in HCC and the underlying mechanisms in regulating cholesterol homeostasis and c‐Jun/AP‐1 signaling.
Modeling complex socio‐technical systems using the FRAM: A literature review
Authors: Salehi Vahid , Veitch Brian , Smith Douglas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis is a review paper of studies that have employed the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM). FRAM is a relatively new systemic method for modeling and analyzing complex socio‐technical systems. This review aims to address the following research questions: (a) Why is FRAM used? (b) To what domains has FRAM been applied? (c) What are the appropriate data collection approaches in practice? (d) What are the deficiencies of FRAM? A review of 52 FRAM‐related studies published between 2010 and 2020 revealed that FRAM‐based models can be used as a basis for improving safety management, accident/incident investigation, hazard identification/risk management, and complexity management in complex socio‐technical systems. The outcomes also showed that healthcare was the most common domain that employed FRAM (31% of the investigated studies). The results of exploring data collection methods indicated a mixed method (interview, focus group, observation) was employed in 52% of the analyzed studies, and the accident investigation report was the most popular approach in aviation‐related studies. An investigation of the deficiencies of the FRAM showed that it should be upgraded by exploiting supplementary methods to enhance its analytical and computational capacity to help risk analysts and safety managers in complex socio‐technical systems.
Predicting postoperative day 1 hematocrit levels after hysterectomy for malignant indication: Validating a previously published model
Authors: Kailasam Aparna , Brodeur Peter , Mayer Allan R. , Mayer Sarah , Shepherd Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the Swenson model of postoperative day 1 (POD1) hematocrit after benign hysterectomy is applicable to gynecologic oncology hysterectomies.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from cases of hysterectomy with malignant pathology in Hartford, USA, from 2014 to 2016. Predicted POD1 hematocrit was compared with actual hematocrit. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut‐off point for predicting hematocrit levels of 30% or less.ResultsAmong 107 women, mean age was 62.9 years and body mass index was 34.0. Most underwent robotic (44.9%) or abdominal (43.9%) hysterectomy. The published equation correctly predicted hematocrit to within ±5% for 83.2% of women, which was less accurate than observed in the original validation set. The equation was more likely to underestimate lower hematocrit levels, adding safety to its use. By ROC curve analysis, the best cut‐off point for predicting actual hematocrit above 30% was predicted hematocrit 32.3% (100% specificity).ConclusionThe Swenson equation predicted POD1 hematocrit less accurately in the current dataset. As a screening tool for hematocrit below 30%, however, ordering postoperative hematocrit is probably unnecessary if the predicted value is 32.3% or higher. This equation should be used as a screening tool to reduce unnecessary laboratory tests.
Effective photodynamic treatment of Trichophyton species with Rose Bengal
Authors: Houang Jessica , Halliday Catriona , Chen Sharon , Ho Chun‐Hoong , Bekmukhametova Alina , Lauto Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) with Rose Bengal has previously achieved eradication of Trichophyton rubrum infections causing toenail onychomycosis; however, its antifungal activity against other clinically relevant dermatophytes has yet to be studied. Here, we test the efficacy of PDT using Rose Bengal (140 μM) and 532 nm irradiation (101 J/cm2) against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton interdigitale spores, in comparison to T. rubrum. A significant reduction (>99%) of T. mentagrophytes and T. interdigitale was observed, while actual eradication of viable T. rubrum was achieved (99.99%). Laser irradiation alone inhibited growth of T. rubrum (55.2%) and T. mentagrophytes (45.2%) significantly more than T. interdigitale (25.5%) (P = .0086), which may indicate an increased presence of fungal pigments, xanthomegnin and melanin. The findings suggest that Rose Bengal‐PDT can act against a broader spectrum of fungal pathogens, and with continued development may be employed in a wider range of clinical antifungal applications.
Patterns of healthcare utilization among patients with sickle cell disease hospitalized with pain crises
Authors: Rodday Angie Mae , Esham Kimberly S , Savidge Nicole , Parsons Susan K 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundVaso‐occlusive crises (VOC) are the hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD). Adults experiencing VOC often have high rates of unexpected healthcare utilization. We characterized prior and future healthcare utilization among adults hospitalized with VOC at an urban, academic medical center.MethodsWe identified 449 VOC hospitalizations among 63 patients from 2013 to 2016. Patients were categorized based on receiving established care at the medical center and prior utilization: (a) not established (n = 21); (b) newly established (n = 10); (c) established with low utilization in past 12 months (<4 VOC hospitalizations) (n = 22); and (d) established with high utilization in past 12 months (≥4 VOC hospitalizations) (n = 10). Patient and hospitalization characteristics and future utilization were compared across categories.ResultsMedian age was 26 years (Q1 = 22, Q3 = 29) and 55.6% were female. Established patients with high prior utilization tended to have higher median pain scores at admission (10, P = .08). Thirty‐day readmissions were highest in established patients with high prior utilization (P = .06), but 30‐day clinic visits were highest in established patients with low prior utilization (P = .08). Adjusted linear regression found that newly established patients (β = −4.6, P < .01) and established patients with low prior utilization (β = −5.6, P < .01) had fewer VOC hospitalizations in the ensuing 12 months than established patients with high prior utilization.ConclusionAmong patients with SCD hospitalized for VOC, there was heterogeneity in healthcare utilization, with persistence in utilization over time for some patients. Efforts are needed to shift care from the acute setting to the outpatient clinic, which may lead to improved outcomes.
Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and molecular docking of some N‐heterocycles bearing a pyrazole scaffold against liver and breast tumors
Authors: Ramadan Sayed K. , El‐Ziaty Ahmed K. , Ali Rania S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new series of some 1,3‐diphenylpyrazole‐based heterocycles were constructed from 2‐cyano‐3‐(1,3‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)propenoyl chloride (1). The titled acid chloride was submitted to react with mono‐nucleophilic reagents, including oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, to afford new acrylate, thioacrylate, and acrylamide derivatives, respectively. Meanwhile, condensation of 1 with some 1,2‐ and 1,3‐binucleophiles led to the construction of oxadiazepine, pyridopyrimidine, and thiadiazolopyrimidine derivatives (16, 18, 20, 23). In turn, two benzoxazinone derivatives (27, 28) were synthesized upon treating 1 with substituted anthranilic acids followed by heating with acetic anhydride. The antiproliferative activity of the compounds developed against two tumors (HePG2 and MCF7) was evaluated. Compounds 4, 6, 11, 25, and 26 exhibited strong activity and compounds 3, 5, 16, 18, 27, and 28 exhibited moderate activity. A molecular modeling study was conducted by utilizing molecular modeling environment to test the binding free energies of the studied compounds toward human cyclin‐dependent kinase 2. The compounds, 4, 25, and 26, displayed the best docking score. The orientation and hydrogen bond pattern of these compounds in the active site correspond to that of PNU‐292137, which had been approved as a selective CDK2 inhibitor.