bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traction-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection followed by O-ring and over-the-scope clip closure in the stomach: an animal experimental study
Authors: Kobara Hideki , Nishiyama Noriko , Fujihara Shintaro , Tada Naoya , Kozuka Kazuhiro , Matsui Takanori , Takata Tadayuki , Chiyo Taiga , Kobayashi Nobuya , Fujita Koji , Yachida Tatsuo , Okano Keiichi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Nishiyama Akira , Mori Hirohito , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Exposed endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) enables the operator to obtain a sufficient surgical margin. However, insufflation leakage and secure endoscopic full-thickness closure (EFTC) remain problematic. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a new exposed EFTR.
Patients and methods Exposed EFTR was performed for 2-cm virtual lesions in different locations of the upper stomach in four dogs. EFTR mainly involved half-circumferential EFTR of the endpoint and clip-line traction. Pulley traction was applied with the forward approach for the greater curvature. EFTC involved endoscopic ligation with O-ring closure to diminish insufflation leakage, followed by over-the-scope clip closure.
Results Complete resection and technical success were achieved in all four cases. One case of intraoperative bleeding was endoscopically managed. No postoperative complications occurred in any cases. The median maximum resected size was 27.5 mm. The median procedure time of the total operation, EFTR, and EFTC was 76, 37, and 35.5 minutes, respectively. The 1-month survival rate was 100 %.
Conclusions This therapeutic strategy may lead to the establishment of exposed EFTR.
Is jumbo biopsy forceps comparable to cold snare for diminutive colorectal polyps? – a meta-analysis
Authors: Srinivasan Sachin , Siersema Peter D. , Desai Madhav 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Diminutive colorectal polyps are increasingly being detected and it is not clear whether jumbo biopsy forceps (JBF) has comparable efficacy to that of cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for management of these lesions.
Methods An electronic literature search was performed for studies comparing resection rates of JBF and CSP for diminutive polyps (≤ 5 mm). The primary outcome was incomplete resection rate (IRR). Secondary outcomes included failure of tissue retrieval and complication rates (post-polypectomy bleeding, perforation etc.). Leave-one-out analysis was performed to examine the disproportionate role of any of the studies. Meta-analysis outcomes and heterogeneity (I2) were computed using Comprehensive meta-analysis software.
Results A total of 4 studies (3 randomized controlled trials and 1 retrospective study) with 407 patients and 569 total polyps (mean size of 3.62 mm) was included for analysis. IRR of JBF was slightly higher than that of CSP (10.2 % vs 7.2 %) but this was not statistically significantly different (Pooled OR 1.76; 95 % CI 0.94–3.28; I2 = 0). Leave-one-out analysis showed no significant difference in the pooled OR comparison either. Two of the 4 studies reported 0 % failure of tissue retrieval for JBF and 1 % and 4.3 % for CSP. There were no complications for either group from the 2 studies that reported this outcome. The quality of the included studies was moderate to high.
Conclusions This systematic review with only limited data shows that JBF and CSP are not statistically different in completely removing diminutive polyps, although careful endoscopic assessment is needed to ensure complete removal of all polyp tissue.
Evaluation of the optical criteria for sessile serrated lesions of the colon: A prospective study on a colorectal cancer screening population
Authors: Bustamante-Balén Marco , Satorres Carla , Ramos-Soler David , García-Campos Maria , Alonso Noelia , Ponce Marta , Argüello-Viudez Lidia , Giner Francisco , Ferrer-Lozano Jaime , Pons-Beltrán Vicente 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims We aimed to describe the presence and combination of Hazewinkelʼs optical diagnosis (OD) criteria for sessile serrated lesions (SSL), determining which lesion characteristics increase the probability of a correct OD, with a focus on diminutive lesions.
Patients and methods This was a prospective study describing the presence of Hazewinkelʼs OD criteria for SSL in lesions found in consecutive CRC screening colonoscopies. The presence of each OD criterion and their diagnostic combinations in SSL, related to the lesion’s NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification category, size, and location, were described. The presence of two or more optical criteria was considered diagnostic of SSL. The OD was compared to pathology as the gold standard.
Results Seventy-nine SSLs (5.6 %) were diagnosed. Cloud-like appearance was the most prevalent OD criterion (35, 44.3 %). OD criteria were more frequently identified in NICE type 1, ≥ 10 mm, and proximal lesions. Only 26 SLLs fulfilled the OD criteria (sensitivity 32.9 %, 95 % CI 29.1 %–36.7 %). The sensitivity for diminutive SSL was 14.7 %, (95 % CI 11.9 %–17.6 %). Eighty-five lesions were optically diagnosed as SSL. However, only in 26 SSL was this the definitive diagnosis (positive predictive value 30.6 %, 95 % CI 26.9 %–34.3 %). Size > 5 mm and proximal location increased the probability of a correct diagnosis. The overall accuracy of the optical criteria was 92.0 % (95 % CI, 89.8 %–94.2 %).
Conclusions The Hazewinkelʼs optical criteria are not reliable for a positive diagnosis of SSL, particularly for diminutive lesions.
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marincola Giuseppe , Gallo Camilla , Hassan Cesare , Sessa Luca , Raffaelli Marco , Costamagna Guido , Bove Vincenzo , Pontecorvi Valerio , Orlandini Beatrice , Boškoski Ivo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the current standard for bariatric surgery, but it is affected by several postoperative complications. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) was created as a less invasive alternative to LSG. However, its efficacy and safety compared with LSG is unclear.
Materials and methods Relevant publications were identified in MEDLINE/Cochrane/EMBASE/OVID/ PROSPERO and NIH up to January 2020. Studies were selected that included obese patients with a baseline body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 40 kg/m² with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up and with reported incidence of complications. The mean difference in percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) at 12 months between LSG and ESG represented the primary endpoint. We also assessed the difference in pooled rate of adverse events. The quality of the studies and heterogeneity among them was analyzed.
Results Sixteen studies were selected for a total of 2188 patients (LSG: 1429; ESG: 759) with a mean BMI 34.34 and 34.72 kg/m² for LSG and ESG, respectively. Mean %EWL was 80.32 % (± 12.20; 95 % CI; P = 0.001; I² = 98.88) and 62.20 % (± 4.38; 95 % CI; P = 0.005; I² = 65.52) for the LSG and ESG groups, respectively, corresponding to an absolute difference of 18.12 % (± 0.89; 95 % CI, P = 0.0001). The difference in terms of mean rate of adverse events was 0.19 % (± 0.37; 95 %CI; χ 2  = 1.602; P = 0.2056).
Conclusions Our analysis showed a moderate superiority of LSG versus ESG. No difference in terms of safety was shown between the two groups. ESG is a less-invasive, repeatable and reversable and acceptable option for mild-moderate obese patients.
A Panoramic Review on Lepidium sativum L. Bioactives as Prospective Therapeutics
Authors: Ahmad Asad , Nabi Rabia , Mishra Anuradha , Ahmad Iffat Zareen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Lepidium sativum (L. sativum), an annual herb belonging to family Brassicaceae is commonly known as Garden cress of Egyptian origin but now a day’s cultivated worldwide. The plant material and its constituents are used in various traditional and folk medicines for the treatment of various liver diseases and other ailments.
Objective This review aims to gather comprehensive information on L. sativumʼs bioactive constituents, and itʼs antioxidant, hepato-protective and anticancer activity.
Method Systematic exploration for research evidences were carried out using well-structured and focused review question and presented data in the tabular form for readers’ convenience.
Results The comprehensive literature survey was conducted, and we found that specific studies on L. Sativum and its bioactive compounds had been carried out to date. We explored the unique and selective effect of L. Sativum and its bioactive constituents to combat oxidative stress and hepatic carcinoma.
Conclusion The present article appraised that L. sativum extract has a potential therapeutic effect against liver toxicity and hepato-carcinoma. Graphical Abstract.
Radiation-Induced Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Vagus Nerve Following Radiation Treatment of Cervical Paraganglioma
Authors: Lekovic Gregory P. , Mehta Gautam U. , Maxwell Anne K. , Peng Kevin A. , Brackmann Derald E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRadiation-induced sarcoma is a known but rare complication of radiation treatment for skull base paraganglioma. We present the cases of a female patient with multiple paraganglioma syndrome treated with external beam radiation treatment who presented 4 years later with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the vagus nerve.
Homoeopathic Management of a Case of Severe Haemophilia Type A with Inhibitor Positive: Case Report
Authors: Shah Hiral , Kundu Tapas Kumar , Shaikh Afroz Farooque 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHaemophilia is an X-linked inherited immunogenetic bleeding disorder resulting from deficiency of clotting Factor VIII (haemophilia A) or Factor IX (haemophilia B). Haemophilia patients suffer from complication of developing autoantibodies/inhibitor against clotting factors used for the treatment; most commonly patients are treated with Factor VIII replacement therapy. In modern medicine, haemophiliacs with inhibitor positive status are treated with bypassing agents such as Factor VIII inhibitor bypassing agent and immune tolerance induction therapy (ITI) because such patients do not respond to traditional factor replacement therapy during an event of active bleeding. Treatment with ITI is very expensive and it requires medical expertise. Moreover, high cost of such treatment is one part of the problem, while its availability is another problem especially in developing countries. The inhibitor status among haemophilia patients is identified by conducting a blood test which measures the Bethesda units (BU) levels in the blood. In this case report, the homoeopathic management of a patient with haemophilia A severe type (Factor VIII <1%), inhibitor positive (4 BU/mL), is presented. The patient underwent treatment for a span of 4 years. After closely assessing the patient's condition and applying the principles of homeopathy medicine selection, his frequent bleeding episodes were treated with homoeopathic medicines such as Hamamelis Virginica Q, Phosphorus, Arnica montana, Rhus toxicodendron, Calendula officinalis, and Pulsatilla nigricans. Intercurrent medicine—Tuberculinum bovinum—was given when the most indicated medicine failed to relieve the symptoms of the case and was given during non-bleeding phase. The medicines not only helped in reducing haemophilia-related bleeding episodes but also improved complaints of pain, relieved skin complaints, and showed improvement in overall psychological status of patient. It can be concluded that homeopathy medicines were able to successfully reduce the frequency of bleeding and intensity of pain in this patient. Owing to reduced bleeding, he required relatively a smaller number of factor replacement treatment compared with earlier when he was not taking homeopathy. Homoeopathy proved to be effective in managing severe haemophilia patient as a supportive therapy and was able to contribute toward reduced inhibitor levels in severe haemophilia patient.
Usability Testing of a Sensor-Controlled Digital Game to Engage Older Adults with Heart Failure in Physical Activity and Weight Monitoring
Authors: Radhakrishnan Kavita , Julien Christine , O'Hair Matthew , Baranowski Thomas , Lee Grace , Allen Catherine , Sagna Atami , Thomaz Edison , Kim Miyong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Poor self-management of heart failure (HF) has contributed to poor health outcomes. Sensor-controlled digital games (SCDGs) integrates data from behavior-tracking sensors to trigger progress, rewards, content, and positive feedback in a digital game to motivate real-time behaviors.
Objectives To assess the usability of an SCDG prototype over a week of game-playing among 10 older adults with HF in their homes.
Methods During initial play, participants' SCDG experiences were observed in their homes using a checklist based on the seven-item Serious Game User Evaluator (SeGUE) instrument. After a week of game-playing, participants completed a survey guided by the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, to provide their perceptions of the SCDG's usability. Qualitative analysis via semistructured interview-derived themes on experiences playing the SCDG, perceptions regarding engaging with the SCDG, and any usability issues encountered.
Results Ten HF participants (50% women and 50% White) played the SCDG for an average of 6 out of 7 days. Nine found the SCDG to be interesting, satisfying, and easy to play. The average step count over a week was 4,117 steps (range: 967–9,892). Average adherence with weight monitoring was 5.9 days in a week. Qualitative analysis yielded outcomes regarding attitudes toward SCDG, and barriers and facilitators that influenced participants' engagement with the SCDG.
Conclusion To the best of the authors' knowledge, this usability and feasibility study is the first to report an SCDG designed to improve HF self-management behaviors of older adults in their homes. Future research should consider several issues, such as user profiles, prior game-playing experiences, and network conditions most suitable for connected health interventions for older adults living in the community.
Long-Term Results of Patch Repair in Destructive Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Li Jing , Zilz Christian , Floerchinger Bernhard , Holzamer Andreas , Camboni Daniele , Schach Christian , Schmid Christof , Rupprecht Leopold 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives Treatment of destructive endocarditis with abscess formation is a surgical challenge and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A root replacement is often performed in case of an annular abscess. This retrospective study was designed to assess the long-term outcome of extensive debridement and patch reconstruction as an alternative approach.
Methods Between November 2007 and November 2016, a selected group of 79 patients (29.6% of all surgical endocarditis cases) with native valve endocarditis (NVE, 53.2%) or prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE, 46.8%) valve endocarditis underwent surgical therapy with extensive annular debridement and patch reconstruction. Their postoperative course, freedom from recurrent endocarditis, and survival at 1, 5, and 7 years were evaluated.
Results About two-thirds of patients were in a stable condition, one-third of patients were in a critical state. The median logistic EuroSCORE I was 17%. Infected tissue was removed, and defect closure was performed, either with autologous pericardium for small defects, or with bovine pericardium for larger defects. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 11.3% (NVE: 9.7%, PVE: 13.2%; p = 0.412). In single valve endocarditis survival at 1, 5, and 7 years was 81, 72, 72%, respectively for NVE, and 80, 57, 57%, respectively for PVE (p = 0.589), whereas in multiple valve endocarditis survival at 1, 5, and 7 years was 82, 82, 82% for NVE, and 61, 61, and 31%, respectively for PVE (p = 0.132). Confirmed late reinfection was very low.
Conclusion Surgical treatment of destructive endocarditis with abscess formation using patch repair techniques offers acceptable early and long-term results. The relapse rate was low. PVE and involvement of multiple valves were associated with worse outcomes.
Cancer Immunology and Immuno-Oncology (Innate vs. Adaptive Cell Immunity)
Authors: Nezami Nariman , Sanchez Carlos J. , Moon John , Shaikh Jamil , Kokabi Nima 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTumorigenesis occurs due to both intrinsic cellular genetic changes and imbalances within the tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment is composed of a complex ecosystem of tumor cells, vasculature, extracellular matrix, stromal cells, and immune cells. With these cells, there is both immune activation and immune suppression that promote or inhibit tumor development. These interactions lead to a constant flux of remodeling within the tumor microenvironment that additionally promote or inhibits tumor metastasis. To promote or suppress either antitumorigenic or protumorigenic effects, it is important to understand the complex interactions of the tumor and its interactions with the immune system within the tumor microenvironment. This review article addresses the role of the immune system and its cellular components within the tumor microenvironment.
Continuous-Flow Processes for the Production of Floxacin Intermediates: Efficient C–C Bond Formation through a Rapid and Strong Activation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Guo Shao-Zheng , Yu Zhi-Qun , Su Wei-Ke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of highly efficient C–C bond formation methods for the synthesis of ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-(dimethylamino)acrylate 1 in continuous flow processes has been described, which is based on the concept of rapid and efficient activation of carboxylic acid. 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluorobenzoic acid is rapidly converted into highly reactive 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl chloride by treating with inexpensive and less-toxic solid bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate. And then it rapidly reacts with ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate to afford the desired 1. This process can be performed under mild conditions. Compared with the traditional tank reactor process, less raw material consumption, higher product yield, less reaction time, higher operation safety ensured by more the environmentally friendly procedure, and process continuity are achieved in the continuous-flow system.
Another Critical Look at Three-Phase Catalysis
Authors: Ni Xiong-Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThree-phase catalysis, for example, hydrogenation, is a special branch of chemical reactions involving a hydrogen reactant (gas) and a solvent (liquid) in the presence of a metal porous catalyst (solid) to produce a liquid product. Currently, many reactors are being used for three-phase catalysis from packed bed to slurry vessel; the uniqueness for this type of reaction in countless processes is the requirement of transferring gas into liquid, as yet there is not a unified system of quantifying and comparing reactor performances. This article reviews current methodologies in carrying out such heterogeneous catalysis in different reactors and focuses on how to enhance reactor performance from gas transfer perspectives. This article also suggests that the mass transfer rate over energy dissipation may represent a fairer method for comparison of reactor performance accounting for different types/designs of reactors and catalyst structures as well as operating conditions.
Cardiac MRI in this Era
Authors: Bhatia Mona , Kumar Parveen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cardiac MRI (CMR) in this era is fast emerging as an invaluable tool in assessment of a large gamut of cardiac pathologies to not only ascertain the diagnosis but also assess severity, enable prognostication of disease process, guide management, and follow-up patients. CMR is today the gold standard for accurate and reproducible cardiac functional assessment, with excellent soft-tissue contrast, and ability to evaluate myocardial involvement even without contrast objectively via mapping techniques. CMR is thus fast emerging as the modality of choice and exponentially growing for cardiac assessment.
Endoscopic Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Using Haemoseal Spray: A Retrospective, Observational Study from a Tertiary Center in North India
Authors: Bansal Rinkesh Kumar , Gupta Mahesh Kumar , Gupta Varun Kumar , Kaur Gursimran , Seth Avnish Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction United States Food and Drug Administration recently approved use of Hemospray for the management of gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding. We report our experience with Haemoseal Spray (HS, Shaili Endoscopy) for the treatment of upper GI bleeding (UGIB).
Methods Records of patients who received HS for UGIB from January 2013 to June 2018 were studied retrospectively. Patients with UGIB from focal lesions refractory to conventional endotherapy or those with diffuse/multiple lesions not amenable to conventional endotherapy received 5cc HS spray. Primary end-point studied was clinical success, defined as control of bleeding over 24 hours. Secondary end-points evaluated included recurrence of bleeding within 7 days, in-hospital mortality, and complications secondary to HS.
Results Thirty-eight patients were treated with HS. The median age was 57 (range: 5–87) years with 27 males and 11 females. In 24 patients, HS was used as monotherapy, while it was combined with Injection/Clip/Argon Plasma Coagulation in 14. Etiology of bleeding was ulcers or erosions in 22, malignancy in 10, portal hypertensive gastropathy/gastric antral vascular ectasia in 4, and radiation gastropathy in 2. Clinical success was achieved in 32/38 (84%). All six nonresponders had coagulopathy related to chemotherapy/bone marrow transplant. Recurrent bleeding within 7 days was observed in four patients (gastric malignancy 2, radiation gastropathy 2). In-hospital mortality was seen in 8/38 (21%) of which 2(4.8%) were directly related to ongoing GI bleeding. There was no procedure-related complication.
Conclusion HS is an effective and safe tool in the endoscopic management of UGIB due to diffuse or multiple focal lesions or focal lesions refractory to conventional endotherapy.
Risk Factors in Young Female Patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Manade Vivek Vilas , Sridevi C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known to cause weight gain, nonspecific inflammation, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease (CAD).
Oral contraceptives (OCs) also cause venous and arterial thromboembolism, cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Myocardial infarction (MI) is comparatively less common in patients taking newer generation OCs, particularly if risk factors for CAD are absent, but the risk for venous thromboembolism is still high.
Therefore, OCs should be considered in properly selected patients after weighing risks and benefits.
Quasi-classical approximation for magnetic monopoles
Authors: Kordyukov Yu. A. , Taimanov I. A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A quasi-classical approximation is constructed to describe the eigenvalues of the magnetic Laplacian on a compact Riemannian manifold in the case when the magnetic field is given by a non-exact 2-form. For this, the multidimensional WKB method in the form of the Maslov canonical operator is applied. In this case, the canonical operator takes values in sections of a non-trivial line bundle. The constructed approximation is demonstrated for the example of the Dirac magnetic monopole on the two-dimensional sphere.
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