bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naïve Bayes Classifier for Debris Flow Disaster Mitigation in Mount Merapi Volcanic Rivers, Indonesia, Using X-band Polarimetric Radar
Authors: Hapsari Ratih Indri , Sugna Bima Ahida Indaka , Novianto Dandung , Asmara Rosa Andrie , Oishi Satoru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDebris flow triggered by rainfall that accompanies a volcanic eruption is a serious secondary impact of a volcanic disaster. The probability of debris flow events can be estimated based on the prior information of rainfall from historical and geomorphological data that are presumed to relate to debris flow occurrence. In this study, a debris flow disaster warning system was developed by applying the Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC). The spatial likelihood of the hazard is evaluated at a small subbasin scale by including high-resolution rainfall measurements from X-band polarimetric weather radar, a topographic factor, and soil type as predictors. The study was conducted in the Gendol River Basin of Mount Merapi, one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Rainfall and debris flow occurrence data were collected for the upper Gendol River from October 2016 to February 2018 and divided into calibration and validation datasets. The NBC was used to estimate the status of debris flow incidences displayed in the susceptibility map that is based on the posterior probability from the predictors. The system verification was performed by quantitative dichotomous quality indices along with a contingency table. Using the validation datasets, the advantage of the NBC for estimating debris flow occurrence is confirmed. This work contributes to existing knowledge on estimating debris flow susceptibility through the data mining approach. Despite the existence of predictive uncertainty, the presented system could contribute to the improvement of debris flow countermeasures in volcanic regions.
Tribological characteristics of friction stir processed graphite and tin/LM24 surface composites
Authors: Sharma Vipin , Prakash Ujjwal , Manoj Kumar B. Venkata 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFriction stir processing (FSP) is an emerging solid-state technique for preparing surface composites using various reinforcements. Ceramics and metallic particles are easily reinforced in a matrix by this technique. Surface composites made from an LM24 alloy reinforced with graphite and tin, with good wettability and material flow owing to the low melting point of tin, were fabricated by FSP at two rotational speeds of 1,400 and 1,000 rpm. Despite its low hardness, the graphite/LM24 surface composite fabricated at a higher rotational speed of 1,400 rpm exhibited better wear resistance. However, its frictional behavior was not significantly affected by the reinforcement. The fabricated surface composites with graphite and tin reinforcement as well as graphite-only reinforcement exhibited contradicting behaviors under sliding wear conditions. The post wear analysis indicated that abrasion, adhesion, layer formation, and delamination occurred on the composite surfaces.
Victim-Offender Overlap in Violent Crime: Targeting Crime Harm in a Canadian Suburb
Authors: Hiltz Natalie , Bland Matthew , Barnes Geoffrey C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Research Question
To what extent are victims of violent crime also offenders, and vice versa, with what concentrations of total crime harm across each person who has ever been reported as both a victim and an offender within the study period?

Data
We analyse 27,233 unique individuals who were the subject of violent crime reports to the Peel Regional Police Service in Canada, either as offenders, victims, or both, for crimes reported between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016. Each individual linked to a violent crime in this period was tracked for the 730 days subsequent to the first crime report naming them.

Methods
We coded each crime with the Canadian Crime Severity Index (CCSI) to calculate victimization and offending harm totals across all incidents for each individual. We then computed each individual’s ratio of total CCSI from victimization to total CCSI from victimization. Based on the distribution of these ratios of CCSI from all offending to all victimization, we show how police can distinguish three categories of victim-offenders (VOs): predominant victims (PVs), predominant offenders (POs), and balanced victim-offenders (BVOs), as well as the single-category absolute offenders (AOs) and absolute victims (AVs).

Findings
Across all 27,233 individuals tracked, 17,138 (64%) appeared first as victims, and 10,095 (36%) appeared first as suspects. Of those appearing first as victims, 997 (6%) are linked to a violent crime as an offender within 730 days. Among those appearing first as offenders, 1019 (10%) are subsequently reported as victimized within 730 days. The total of this combined group (VOs) = 1665 individuals (6% of the entire population). Using a 3.5:1 ratio of victim to offender harm, we subdivide the 1665 VOs further into 322 predominant victims, 280 predominant offenders, and 1063 balanced victim-offenders. The 20% of individuals (n = 5455) with highest harm are linked to 71% of overall harm. On average, predominant offenders (who have also been victimized) are associated with 2.7 times as much harm as absolute offenders, and predominant victims (who have also been offenders) have three times as much harm as absolute victims.

Conclusions
This research shows how combining records of victimization and offending to target higher harm levels with greater potential benefits for police investments in harm reduction and prevention.
Fetal Growth Restriction: Does an Integrated Maternal Hemodynamic-Placental Model Fit Better?
Authors: Mecacci F. , Avagliano L. , Lisi F. , Clemenza S. , Serena Caterina , Vannuccini S. , Rambaldi M. P. , Simeone S. , Ottanelli S. , Petraglia F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, a growing interest has arisen regarding the possible relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and inadequate maternal hemodynamic adaptations to the pregnancy. A possible association between “placental syndromes,” such as preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR), and subsequent maternal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) later in life has been reported. The two subtypes of FGR show different pathogenetic and clinical features. Defective placentation, due to a poor trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries, is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of early-onset PE and FGR. Since placental functioning is dependent on the maternal cardiovascular system, a pre-existent or subsequent cardiovascular impairment may play a key role in the pathogenesis of early-onset FGR. Late FGR does not seem to be determined by a primary abnormal placentation in the first trimester. The pathological pathway of late-onset FGR may be due to a primary maternal cardiovascular maladaptation: CV system shows a flat profile and remains similar to those of non-pregnant women. Since the second trimester, when the placenta is already developed and increases its functional request, a hypovolemic state could lead to placental hypoperfusion and to an altered maturation of the placental villous tree and therefore to an altered fetal growth. Thus, this review focalizes on the possible relationship between maternal cardiac function and placentation in the development of both early and late-onset FGR. A better understanding of maternal hemodynamics in pregnancies complicated by FGR could bring various benefits in clinical practice, improving screening and therapeutic tools.
Royal Illness and Kingship Ideology in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Cranz Isabel 
Published: November 2020

In this book, Isabel Cranz offers the first systematic study of royal illness in the Books of Samuel, Kings and Chronicles. Applying a diachronic approach, she compares and contrasts how the different views concerning kingship and illness are developed in the larger trajectory of the Hebrew Bible. As such, she demonstrates how a framework of meaning is constructed around the motif of illness, which is expanded in several redactional steps. This development takes different forms and relates to issues such as problems with kingship, the cultic, and moral conduct of individual kings, or the evaluation of dynasties. Significantly, Cranz shows how the scribes living in post-monarchic Judah expanded the interpretive framework of royal illness until it included a message of destruction and a critique of kingship. The physical and mental integrity of the king, therefore, becomes closely tied to his nation and the political system he represents.
Life, Land, and Elijah in the Book of Kings
Authors: Stulac Daniel J. D. 
Published: November 2020

In this book, Daniel J. D. Stulac brings a canonical-agrarian approach to the Elijah narratives and demonstrates the rhetorical and theological contribution of these texts to the Book of Kings. This unique perspective yields insights into Elijah's iconographical character (1 Kings 17-19), which is contrasted sharply against the Omride dynasty (1 Kings 20-2 Kings 1). It also serves as a template for Elisha's activities in chapters to follow (2 Kings 2-8). Under circumstances that foreshadow the removal of both monarchy and temple, the book's middle third (1 Kings 17-2 Kings 8) proclaims Yhwh's enduring care for Israel's land and people through various portraits of resurrection, even in a world where Israel's sacred institutions have been stripped away. Elijah emerges as the archetypal ancestor of a royal-prophetic remnant with which the reader is encouraged to identify.
Bergamo Field Hospital Confronting COVID-19: Operating Instructions
Authors: Spagnolello Ornella , Rota Silvia , Francesco Valoti Oliviero , Cozzini Claudio , Parrino Pietro , Portella Gina , Langer Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic represented an unprecedented challenge for health care facilities, and innovative solutions were urgently required to overcome the high volume of critically ill infectious patients, limit in-hospital outbreaks, and limit the risk of occupational infection for health care workers (HCWs). Bergamo was the hardest-hit Italian province by COVID-19, and the local health care system had to undergo a profound and prompt reorganization. A COVID-19-only field hospital was rapidly set up meeting the standards for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) treatment centers (https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331603). A zones partition, dedicated in-hospital pathways for HCWs, strict infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, and constant staff supervision were key components of our strategy to limit the risk of occupational infection for HCWs. Herein, we present the Bergamo field hospital layout enlightening fundamental IPC measures adopted as a valuable example of a SARI treatment center confronting COVID-19.
Diplomatic immunity ratione materiae, immunity ratione materiae of state officials, and state immunity: A comparative analysis
Authors: Shi Xinxiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article explores the scope and nature of diplomatic immunity ratione materiae under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (VCDR) by comparing this immunity with state immunity and immunity ratione materiae of ordinary state officials in general international law. It is argued that diplomatic immunity ratione materiae is distinct from immunity ratione materiae of ordinary state officials because ‘functions’ of a mission member should not be treated as ‘state functions’ in general but should be understood within the framework of Article 3(1) of the VCDR, which sets out the functions of a diplomatic mission as a whole. This means that the immunity cannot be upheld for serious violation of international law. On the other hand, diplomatic immunity ratione materiae is also different from state immunity both in scope and in nature. Therefore, the immunity must be understood as a unique concept which includes both the substantive issue of non-personal-liability and the procedural issue of immunity from jurisdiction. This hybrid nature of diplomatic immunity ratione materiae is the corollary of the functional emphasis of the Vienna Convention.
Parallelae Vitae: Antiquities Smuggling and Hidden Incomes in Greece
Authors: Sotiriou Konstantinos-Orfeas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNowadays, the antiquities-smuggling phenomenon seems more complicated than many researchers thought before. Antiquity looting is delinquent behaviour and a criminal activity. Hence, it is closely connected to many of the other problems that Greece is currently facing. This article tries to set the smuggling problem in a wider frame. More specifically, many researchers have pointed to the long-term inability of Greece’s tax services to detect income hiding. This has led to increased tax evasion and a shadow economic phenomenon. Moreover, researchers and institutions have made the conclusion that self-employed persons / freelancers in Greece have an increased capability for income hiding, irrespective of the origin of the money. A thorough examination of the occupations of 497 arrested people in Greece revealed that, indeed, the majority of them fall in the self-employed/freelance category. The results of this article are based on the 291 official arrests that took place from 1999 to 2015.
Reconstructing the Sacred: The Controversial Process of Bagrati Cathedral’s Full-scale Restoration and Its World Heritage Delisting
Authors: Meladze Tamar , Uekita Yasufumi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article unfolds around the controversial case of Georgia’s eleventh-century Bagrati Cathedral, which represents the only site to be removed from the World Heritage List as a result of its full-scale reconstruction. After its destruction in armed conflict by the end of the seventeenth century, the first conservation-restoration works on the monument were carried out in the 1950s. In 1994, partially reconstructed but still without a roof, Bagrati Cathedral had no issues in meeting the conditions of authenticity when the nomination was made for inscription in the World Heritage List. The conflict arose further when the conservation experts did not endorse the state party’s intention to fully rebuild the cathedral, notwithstanding the fact it was stated to be crucial for its functional continuity. The International Council on Monuments and Sites and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization took the view that this scale intervention would compromise the cathedral’s outstanding universal value and authenticity. This article offers a closer look at the decision-making process, from the nomination to the delisting of Bagrati Cathedral, and analyzes the factors contributing to the conflicting interpretations of the monument’s fundamental values among stakeholders. It addresses the issues from a broader perspective to include the historical-cultural background of Georgia and local approaches to preserving the religious sites, which tend to be overlooked in the discourse.
A Second-Personal Solution to the Paradox of Moral Complaint
Authors: Piovarchy Adam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSmilansky (2006) notes that wrongdoers seem to lack any entitlement to complain about being treated in the ways that they have treated others. However, it also seems impermissible to treat agents in certain ways, and this impermissibility would give wrongdoers who are themselves wronged grounds for complaint. This article solves this apparent paradox by arguing that what is at issue is not the right simply to make complaints, but the right to have one's demands respected. Agents must accept the authority of others to make second-personal demands on them before they can expect others to treat their own demands (or complaints) as legitimate. Wrongdoers’ previous wrongdoing shows they do not treat others’ demands as authoritative. However, as they are still beings with dignity, which acts as a source of moral reasons for others, wronging them remains impermissible.
Cardiac strangulation after epicardial pacing: the importance of non-specific symptoms and a low index of suspicion
Authors: Morrison Margaret L. , Karayiannis Steven , Speggiorin Simone , Sands Andrew J. , Rosenthal Eric 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCardiac strangulation is a rare and potentially deadly complication of epicardial pacemaker implantation. A young boy presenting with chest pain and tiredness almost 7 years after pacemaker implantation was found to have cardiac strangulation. Literature review revealed 22 cases reported to date with a worrying rise in the number of reports over the past 3 years. Strangulation is associated with implantation of leads at a young age and appears to be related to somatic growth. Serial assessment with chest X-ray and echocardiogram is recommended, at least until full adult growth is attained with further coronary artery imaging reserved for symptoms or suspicious echocardiographic findings. If cardiac strangulation is diagnosed prompt replacement of the offending system is needed.
The intraoperative use of recombinant activated factor VII in arterial switch operations
Authors: Zink Jessica , Spigel Zachary A. , Ibarra Christopher , Gottlieb Erin A. , Adachi Iki , Mery Carlos M. , Imamura Michiaki , Heinle Jeffrey S. , McKenzie Emmett Dean , Fraser Charles D. , Binsalamah Ziyad M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground:The rate of bleeding complications following arterial switch operation is too low to independently justify a prospective randomised study for benefit from recombinant factor VIIa. We aimed to evaluate factor VIIa in a pilot study.Methods:We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing arterial switch operation from 2012 to 2017. Nearest-neighbour propensity score matching on age, gender, weight, and associated cardiac defects was used to match 27 controls not receiving recombinant factor VIIa to 30 patients receiving recombinant factor VIIa. Fisher’s exact test was performed to compare categorical variables. Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test was used to compare continuous variables between cohorts.Results:Post-operative thrombotic complications were not associated with factor VIIa administration (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.28, 95% CI 0.005–3.77, p = 0.336), nor was factor VIIa administration associated with any re-explorations for bleeding. No intraoperative transfusion volumes were different between the recombinant factor VIIa cohort and controls. Post-operative prothrombin time (10.8 [10.3–12.3] versus 15.9 [15.1–17.2], p < 0.001) and international normalised ratio (0.8 [0.73–0.90] versus 1.3 [1.2–1.4], p < 0.001]) were lower in recombinant factor VIIa cohort relative to controls.Conclusions:In spite of a higher post-bypass packed red blood cell transfusion requirement, patients receiving recombinant factor VIIa had a similar incidence of bleeding post-operatively. With no difference in thrombotic complications, and with improved post-operative laboratory haemostasis, a prospective randomised study is warranted to evaluate recombinant factor VIIa.
The Intersection of ‘English Use’ Liturgy and Social Justice: Snapshots of Augustus Pugin, Percy Dearmer, Conrad Noel and William Palmer Ladd
Authors: Spinks Bryan D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe thought of Percy Dearmer was related to that of Augustus Pugin and Daniel Rock, Roman Catholics seeking to revive English medieval forms, and to his Anglican near-contemporaries Conrad Noel and William Palmer Ladd. In England, Noel was more ideologically committed than Dearmer and his imagined medieval society and the English Use were given applied expression at Thaxted. In the USA, William Palmer Ladd was a congenial colleague to Dearmer but his liturgical ideals were of the 1930s, and not an outcome of the nineteenth-century English ritual controversies. Dearmer, Ladd and Noel were all grounded in what has been called Sacramental Socialism, which saw a unity between the Eucharist, the corporate church, and its mission as part of the Kingdom of God.
Club Petroushka, Émigré Performance, and New York's Russian Nightclubs of the Roaring Twenties
Authors: ZELENSKY NATALIE K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the midst of the Prohibition era, New York City proliferated with nightclubs that presented patrons with imagined worlds of music and entertainment. This essay explores the role of music in creating such imagined worlds, looking specifically at the Russian-themed nightclubs founded by and employing émigrés recently exiled from Bolshevik Russia. Examining Midtown's Club Petroushka as a prime example of such a space, this essay focuses on the so-called “Russian Gypsy” entertainment that caught the eye and ear of the club's patrons, whose ranks included Charlie Chaplin, Harpo Marx, and the Gershwin brothers. Based on an examination of archival material—including memoirs, compositions, and extant recordings of Club Petroushka's musicians and photographs detailing its interior—as well as on advertisements and reviews from Russian American and other newspapers and magazines, this essay contends that the “Russian Gypsy” music presented at Club Petroushka enabled a transformative experience for patrons while providing a performative space for its recently exiled musicians. I argue that two aspects of this music in particular enabled the transformative process as it was delineated in contemporary discourses: 1) heightened emotionality; and 2) playing with a sense of time (a musical attribute I call “achronality”). Examining the complex cultural entanglements at work in the performance of “Russian Gypsy” music and situating my analysis within a theoretical framework of night cultures proposed by Brian D. Palmer and mimesis proposed by Michael Taussig, this essay illuminates the multivalent role of this musical trope for the different constituencies comprising Club Petroushka, while it also documents the largely overlooked Russian-Romani musical tradition as it took shape in the anti-Bolshevik, first wave Russian diaspora.
A Shallow Seabed Dynamic Gas Hydrate System off SW Taiwan: Results From 3‐D Seismic, Thermal, and Fluid Migration Analyses
Authors: Kunath Pascal , Chi Wu‐Cheng , Berndt Christian , Chen Liwen , Liu Char‐Shine , Kläschen Dirk , Muff Sina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLarge amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, are stored in hydrates beneath the seafloor. Sea level changes can trigger massive methane release into the ocean. It is not clear, however, whether surficial seafloor processes can cause comparable discharge. Previously, fluid migration was difficult to study due to a lack of spatially dense seismic and thermal observations. Here we examine a gas hydrate site at Four‐Way‐Closure Ridge off SW Taiwan using a high‐resolution 3‐D seismic cube, together with bottom‐simulating reflections (BSRs) mapped in the cube, a thermal probe data set, and 3‐D thermal modeling results. We document, on a scale of tens of meters, the interaction between surficial sedimentary processes, fluid flow, and a dynamic gas hydrate system. Fluid migrates upward through dipping permeable strata in the limb, the slope basin, and along thrust faults and ridge‐top normal faults. The seismic data also reveal several double BSRs that underlie seabed sedimentary sliding and depositional features. Abrupt changes in subsurface pressure and temperature due to the rapid seabed sedimentary processes can cause a rapid shift of the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. This shift may be either downward or upward and would result in the accumulation or dissociation of hydrate in sediments sandwiched by the double BSRs, respectively. We propose that dynamic surficial processes on the seafloor together with shallow focused fluid flow affect hydrate distribution and saturation at depth and may even result in methane expulsion into the ocean if such localized features are common along convergent plate boundaries.