bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional divergence of two duplicated Fertilization Independent Endosperm genes in rice with respect to seed development
Authors: Cheng Xiaojun , Pan Meiyao , E Zhiguo , Zhou Yong , Niu Baixiao , Chen Chen 
Published: July 2020

SummaryFertilization Independent Endosperm (FIE) is an essential member of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) that plays important roles in the developmental regulation of plants. OsFIE1 and OsFIE2 are two FIE homologs in the rice genome. Here, we showed that OsFIE1 probably duplicated from OsFIE2 after the origin of the tribe Oryzeae, but has a specific expression pattern and methylation landscape. During evolution, OsFIE1 underwent a less intensive purifying selection than did OsFIE2. The mutant osfie1 produced smaller seeds and displayed reduced dormancy, indicating that OsFIE1 predominantly functions in late seed development. Ectopic expression of OsFIE1, but not OsFIE2, was deleterious to vegetative growth in a dose‐dependent manner. The newly evolved N‐terminal tail of OsFIE1 was probably not the cause of the adverse effects on vegetative growth. The CRISPR/Cas9‐derived mutant osfie2 exhibited impaired cellularization of the endosperm, which suggested that OsFIE2 is indispensable for early seed development as a positive regulator of cellularization. Autonomous endosperm was observed in both OsFIE2+− and osfie1/OsFIE2+− but at a very low frequency. Although OsFIE1‐PRC2 exhibited H3K27me3 methyltransferase ability in plants, OsFIE1‐PRC2 is likely to be less important for development in rice than is OsFIE2‐PRC2. Our findings revealed the functional divergence of OsFIE1 and OsFIE2 and shed light on their distinct evolution following duplication.
Novel multiple swab method enables high efficiency in SARS‐CoV‐2 screenings without loss of sensitivity for screening of a complete population
Authors: Schmidt Michael , Hoehl Sebastian , Berger Annemarie , Zeichhardt Heinz , Hourfar Kai , Ciesek Sandra , Seifried Erhard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the pandemic, testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) by real‐time polymerase chain reaction is one of the pillars on which countermeasures are based. Factors limiting the output of laboratories interfere with the effectiveness of public health measures. Conserving reagents by pooling samples in low‐probability settings is proposed but may cause dilution and loss of sensitivity. Blood transfusion services had experience in performance of high throughput nucleic acid testing (NAT) analysis and can support the national health system by screening of the inhabitants for SARS‐COV‐2.MethodsWe evaluated a new approach of a multiple‐swab method by simultaneously incubating multiple respiratory swabs in a single tube. Analytical sensitivity was constant up to a total number of 50 swabs. It was consequently applied in the testing of 50 symptomatic patients (5‐sample pools) as well as 100 asymptomatic residents of a nursing home (10‐sample pools).ResultsThe novel method did not cause false‐negative results with nonsignificantly differing cycle threshold values between single‐swab and multiple‐swab NAT. In two routine applications, all minipools containing positive patient samples were correctly identified.ConclusionsThe new method enables countries to increase the total number of testing significantly. The multiple‐swab method is able to screen system relevant groups of employees frequently. The example in Germany shows that blood transfusion services can support general health systems with their experience in NAT and their high‐throughput instruments. Screening of a huge number of inhabitants is currently the only option to prevent a second infection wave and enable exit strategies in many countries.
25 years of the AMTREAT® process treating high‐strength ammonia liquors
Authors: Bungay Steve 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the last 30 years, a number of biological treatment processes have emerged for treating high‐strength ammonia liquors arising from the dewatering of anaerobic digestate. The AMTREAT® process was the first process to become established and recognised as a viable and reliable process to treat these high‐strength ammonia liquors. The process is a high‐rate activated sludge plant supplied by ACWA Services Ltd. The first full‐scale plant was installed in 1995, treating centrate produced when dewatering anaerobically digested sludge. The process is a compact, high‐rate ammonia treatment system, which has a relatively small footprint compared to conventional activated sludge treatment processes. Originally designed to fully nitrify dewatering ammonia liquors by controlling the environmental conditions of the treatment reactor, the process has evolved first to include alkalinity recovery and subsequently to offer total nitrogen removal. This paper discusses the development of the AMTREAT® process from its initial development in 1992, to the modern day third generation plants which achieve typical achieve ammonia removal exceeding 99% and total nitrogen removal in excess of 80%.
Impaired pulmonary gas exchange efficiency, but normal pulmonary artery pressure increases, with hypoxia in men and women with a patent foramen ovale
Authors: Duke Joseph W. , Beasley Kara M. , Speros Julia P. , Elliott Jonathan E. , Laurie Steven S. , Goodman Randall D. , Futral Eben , Hawn Jerold A. , Lovering Andrew T. 
Published: July 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Do individuals with a patent foramen ovale (PFO+) have a larger alveolar‐to‐arterial difference in () than those without (PFO−) and/or an exaggerated increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in response to hypoxia?

What is the main finding and its importance?
PFO+ had a greater while breathing air, 16% and 14% O2, but not 12% or 10% O2. PASP increased equally in hypoxia between PFO+ and PFO−. These data suggest that PFO+ may not have an exaggerated acute increase in PASP in response to hypoxia.

AbstractPatent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in 30–40% of the population and is a potential source of right‐to‐left shunt. Accordingly, those with a PFO (PFO+) may have a larger alveolar‐to‐arterial difference in () than those without (PFO−) in normoxia and with mild hypoxia. Likewise, PFO is associated with high‐altitude pulmonary oedema, a condition known to have an exaggerated pulmonary pressure response to hypoxia. Thus, PFO+ may also have exaggerated pulmonary pressure increases in response to hypoxia. Therefore, the purposes of the present study were to systematically determine whether or not: (1) the was greater in PFO+ than in PFO− in normoxia and mild to severe hypoxia and (2) the increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in response to hypoxia was greater in PFO+ than in PFO−. We measured arterial blood gases and PASP via ultrasound in healthy PFO+ (n = 15) and PFO− (n = 15) humans breathing air and 30 min after breathing four levels of hypoxia (16%, 14%, 12%, 10% O2, randomized and balanced order) at rest. The was significantly greater in PFO+ compared to PFO− while breathing air (2.1 ± 0.7 vs. 0.4 ± 0.3 Torr), 16% O2 (1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.8 Torr) and 14% O2 (2.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.6 Torr), but not 12% or 10% O2. We found no effect of PFO on PASP at any level of hypoxia. We conclude that PFO influences pulmonary gas exchange efficiency with mild hypoxia, but not the acute increase in PASP in response to hypoxia.
A Coupled Computational Framework for the Transient Heat Transfer in a Circular Pipe Heated Internally With Expanding Heat Sources
Authors: Hu Chaobin , Zhang Xiaobing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the present work, a transient heat transfer problem induced by internal combustion of energetic materials was studied. Most of previous studies utilized a lumped-parameter model to predict the parameter distributions of the hot combustion products, which determine the boundary conditions for the transient heat transfer problem. Moreover, the heat exchange between the solids and the fluids was ignored in the combustion model. In order to improve the modeling accuracy, a one-dimensional (1D) two-phase flow model was utilized to predict the fluid fields and the heat exchange was coupled into the combustion model. Based on the commercial software abaqus, the transient heat transfer in the combustion chamber was studied using a finite element method. The meshes near the inner surface were refined to capture the high temperature gradients along the radial direction of the barrel. Results indicate that the coupled model is capable of solving the transient heat transfer problems heated by distributed moving heat sources. The coupled computational framework provides foundations for the study of local wear and erosion of solids in extreme working conditions.
Work-related psychosocial risk factors for stress-related mental disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van der Molen Henk F , Nieuwenhuijsen Karen , Frings-Dresen Monique H W , de Groene Gerda 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe objective was to conduct an update of a previously published review and meta-analysis on the association between work-related psychosocial risk factors and stress-related mental disorders (SRD).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched for articles published between 2008 and 12 August 2019 and references of a systematic review performed for the period before 2008 were included. Primary prospective studies were included when outcome data were described in terms of SRD assessment or a dichotomous outcome, based on a validated questionnaire, and at least two levels of work-related exposure were reported (exposed vs less or non-exposed). We used GRADE to assess the evidence for the associations between risk factors and the onset of SRD.ResultsSeventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, a population of 73 874 workers from Belgium, Denmark, England, Finland, Japan, the Netherlands and Sweden were included in the meta-analysis of 14 prospective cohort studies. This meta-analysis revealed moderate evidence for associations between SRD and effort reward imbalance (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.70 to 2.15), high job demands (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.72), organisational justice (ORs=1.6 to 1.7, CIs 1.44 to 1.86), social support (ORs=1.3 to 1.4, CIs 1.16 to 1.69), high emotional demands (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.84) and decision authority (OR=1.3, CI 1.20 to 1.49). No significant or inconsistent associations were found for job insecurity, decision latitude, skill discretion and bullying.ConclusionModerate evidence was found that work-related psychosocial risk factors are associated with a higher risk of SRD. Effort-reward imbalance, low organisational justice and high job demands exhibited the largest increased risk of SRD, varying from 60% to 90%.
Artificial intelligence method to classify ophthalmic emergency severity based on symptoms: a validation study
Authors: Ahn Hyunmin 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesWe investigated the usefulness of machine learning artificial intelligence (AI) in classifying the severity of ophthalmic emergency for timely hospital visits.Study designThis retrospective study analysed the patients who first visited the Armed Forces Daegu Hospital between May and December 2019. General patient information, events and symptoms were input variables. Events, symptoms, diagnoses and treatments were output variables. The output variables were classified into four classes (red, orange, yellow and green, indicating immediate to no emergency cases). About 200 cases of the class-balanced validation data set were randomly selected before all training procedures. An ensemble AI model using combinations of fully connected neural networks with the synthetic minority oversampling technique algorithm was adopted.ParticipantsA total of 1681 patients were included.Major outcomesModel performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall and F1 scores.ResultsThe accuracy of the model was 99.05%. The precision of each class (red, orange, yellow and green) was 100%, 98.10%, 92.73% and 100%. The recalls of each class were 100%, 100%, 98.08% and 95.33%. The F1 scores of each class were 100%, 99.04%, 95.33% and 96.00%.ConclusionsWe provided support for an AI method to classify ophthalmic emergency severity based on symptoms.
Dynamic Parameterized Problems and Algorithms
Authors: Alman Josh , Mnich Matthias , Williams Virginia Vassilevska 
Published: July 2020

Fixed-parameter algorithms and kernelization are two powerful methods to solve NP-hard problems. Yet so far those algorithms have been largely restricted to
static
inputs. In this article, we provide fixed-parameter algorithms and kernelizations for fundamental NP-hard problems with
dynamic
inputs. We consider a variety of parameterized graph and hitting set problems that are known to have
f
(
k
)
n
1+o(1)
time algorithms on inputs of size
n
, and we consider the question of whether there is a data structure that supports small updates (such as edge/vertex/set/element insertions and deletions) with an update time of
g
(
k
)
n
o(1)
; such an update time would be essentially optimal. Update and query times independent of
n
are particularly desirable. Among many other results, we show that F
EEDBACK
V
ERTEX
S
ET
and
k
-P
ATH
admit dynamic algorithms with
f
(
k
)log
O(1)
update and query times for some function
f
depending on the solution size
k
only. We complement our positive results by several conditional and unconditional lower bounds. For example, we show that unlike their undirected counterparts, D
IRECTED
F
EEDBACK
V
ERTEX
S
ET
and D
IRECTED
k
-P
ATH
do not admit dynamic algorithms with n
o(1)
update and query times even for constant solution sizes
k
≤
3
, assuming popular hardness hypotheses. We also show that unconditionally, in the cell probe model, D
IRECTED
F
EEDBACK
V
ERTEX
S
ET
cannot be solved with update time that is purely a function of
k
.
The Seven Deadly Sins of the HTML5 WebAPI
Authors: Diamantaris Michalis , Marcantoni Francesco , Ioannidis Sotiris , Polakis Jason 
Published: July 2020

Modern smartphone sensors can be leveraged for providing novel functionality and greatly improving the user experience. However, sensor data can be misused by privacy-invasive or malicious entities. Additionally, a wide range of other attacks that use mobile sensor data have been demonstrated; while those attacks have typically relied on users installing malicious apps, browsers have eliminated that constraint with the deployment of HTML5 WebAPI.
In this article, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the multifaceted threat that mobile web browsing poses to users by conducting a large-scale study of mobile-specific HTML5 WebAPI calls across more than 183K of the most popular websites. We build a novel testing infrastructure consisting of actual smartphones on top of a dynamic Android app analysis framework, allowing us to conduct an end-to-end exploration. In detail, our system intercepts and tracks data access in real time, from the WebAPI JavaScript calls down to the Android system calls. Our study reveals the extent to which websites are actively leveraging the WebAPI for collecting sensor data, with 2.89% of websites accessing at least one sensor. To provide a comprehensive assessment of the risks of this emerging practice, we create a taxonomy of sensor-based attacks from prior studies and present an in-depth analysis by framing our collected data within that taxonomy. We find that 1.63% of websites can carry out at least one attack and emphasize the need for a standardized policy across all browsers and the ability for users to control what sensor data each website can access.
Aquaporin-7 Regulates the Response to Cellular Stress in Breast Cancer
Authors: Dai Chen , Charlestin Verodia , Wang Man , Walker Zachary T. , Miranda-Vergara Maria Cristina , Facchine Beth A. , Wu Junmin , Kaliney William J. , Dovichi Norman J. , Li Jun , Littlepage Laurie E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The complex yet interrelated connections between cancer metabolism, gene expression, and oncogenic driver genes have the potential to identify novel biomarkers and drug targets with prognostic and therapeutic value. Here we effectively integrated metabolomics and gene expression data from breast cancer mouse models through a novel unbiased correlation-based network analysis. This approach identified 35 metabolite and 34 gene hubs with the most network correlations. These hubs have prognostic value and are likely integral to tumor metabolism and breast cancer. The gene hub Aquaporin-7 (Aqp7), a water and glycerol channel, was identified as a novel regulator of breast cancer. AQP7 was prognostic of overall survival in patients with breast cancer. In mouse breast cancer models, reduced expression of Aqp7 caused reduced primary tumor burden and lung metastasis. Metabolomics and complex lipid profiling of cells and tumors with reduced Aqp7 revealed significantly altered lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and urea/arginine metabolism compared with controls. These data identify AQP7 as a critical regulator of metabolic and signaling responses to environmental cellular stresses in breast cancer, highlighting AQP7 as a potential cancer-specific therapeutic vulnerability.

Significance:
Aquaporin-7 is identified as a critical regulator of nutrient availability and signaling that responds to cellular stresses, making it an attractive therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Experiência Memorável de Turistas em Natal-RN
Authors: Bezerra Leandro Santos 
Published: July 2020

A atividade turística possibilita ao indivíduo uma diversidade de experiências, porém, autores como Sun-Tung & Ritchie (2011) alegam que mais especificações devem ser feitas para descobrir o que exatamente torna certas experiências especiais, espetaculares, adequadas e memoráveis. Partindo desse princípio, esse artigo realizou uma revisão teórica sobre o turismo e as experiências advindas dessa atividade, buscou analisar e ampliar as dimensões da experiência definidas por Pine II & Gilmore (1999), Oh, Fiore & Jeoung (2007) e as dimensões estudadas por Pezzi & Vianna (2015), autores base para o presente estudo. A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender os motivos que levam os turistas a considerarem uma experiência de viagem memorável. Para isso foi realizada a aplicação de questionário com 102 turistas que viajaram para Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte, no segundo semestre de 2017. Trata-se de um artigo de natureza exploratória e de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados aqui mencionados foram tratados de forma descritiva. Após análise de correlação feita a partir do software SPSS, os resultados mostraram que os turistas consideraram Natal-RN uma experiência única e memorável, tal fator ocorreu porque obtiveram em comum o desenvolvimento de aprendizagem e conhecimento individual sobre a cidade ou sobre si mesmo durante o seu período de permanência. Sentiram-se atraídos pelo visual da cidade e sua capacidade de entretenimento, fuga e esquecimento de suas rotinas, permitindo vivencias únicas e capazes de fixarem lembranças em suas memórias. Conclui-se que a viagem a Natal-RN superou os aspectos triviais dos turistas e tornou-se uma experiência enaltecedora a ponto de se tornar memorável.
Carpeaux, leitor de Henry Miller
Authors: Leitão Andréa Jamilly Rodrigues , Almeida Aline Novais de 
Published: July 2020

Análise de três textos de Carpeaux que destacam a obra literária de Henry Miller, escritor maldito norteamericano: “Literatura erotomaníaca”, “Literatura ou pornografia?” e “Trópico de câncer, de Henry Miller”. O crítico insere-se no debate em torno do erotismo literário, perpassando questões relativas à censura, à moral e à sexualidade. A crítica de Carpeaux revela uma vertente dinâmica, na medida em que o autor revisita seus escritos e os reelabora, no interesse de atualizar posições construídas sobre a obra de Henry Miller.
Comparison of Venous Thromboembolism Risks Between COVID-19 Pneumonia and Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients
Authors: Mei Fei , Fan Jiawei , Yuan Jinhua , Liang Zhenzhen , Wang Kewei , Sun Jianfeng , Guan Wenfei , Huang Mingkui , Li Yu , Zhang Wayne W. 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
The objectives were to investigate and compare the risks and incidences of venous thromboembolism (VTE) between the 2 groups of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Approach and Results:

Medical records of 616 pneumonia patients who were admitted to the Yichang Central People’s Hospital in Hubei, China, from January 1 to March 23, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. The patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were treated in the dedicated COVID-19 units, and the patients with CAP were admitted to regular hospital campus. Risks of VTE were assessed using the Padua prediction score. All the patients received pharmaceutical or mechanical VTE prophylaxis. VTE was diagnosed using Duplex ultrasound or computed tomography pulmonary angiogram. Differences between COVID-19 and CAP groups were compared statistically. All statistical tests were 2 sided, and
P
<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. All data managements and analyses were performed by IBM SPSS, version 24, software (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL). Of the 616 patients, 256 had COVID-19 pneumonia and 360 patients had CAP. The overall rate of VTE was 2% in COVID-19 pneumonia group and 3.6% in CAP group, respectively (
P
=0.229). In these two groups, 15.6% of the COVID-19 pneumonia patients and 10% of the CAP patients were categorized as high risk for VTE (Padua score, >4), which were significantly different (
P
=0.036). In those high-risk patients, the incidence of VTE was 12.5% in COVID-19 pneumonia group and 16.7% in CAP group (
P
=0.606). Subgroup analysis of the critically ill patients showed that VTE rate was 6.7% in COVID-19 group versus 13% in CAP group (
P
=0.484). In-hospital mortality of COVID-19 and CAP was 6.3% and 3.9%, respectively (
P
=0.180).

Conclusions:
Our study suggested that COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with hypercoagulable state. However, the rate of VTE in COVID-19 pneumonia patients was not significantly higher than that in CAP patients.
The ARM Data-Oriented Metrics and Diagnostics Package for Climate Models: A New Tool for Evaluating Climate Models with Field Data
Authors: Zhang C. , Xie S. , Tao C. , Tang S. , Emmenegger T. , Neelin J. D. , Schiro K. A. , Lin W. , Shaheen Z. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program User Facility produces ground-based long-term continuous unique measurements for atmospheric state, precipitation, turbulent fluxes, radiation, aerosol, cloud, and the land surface, which are collected at multiple sites. These comprehensive datasets have been widely used to calibrate climate models and are proven to be invaluable for climate model development and improvement. This article introduces an evaluation package to facilitate the use of ground-based ARM measurements in climate model evaluation. The ARM data-oriented metrics and diagnostics package (ARM-DIAGS) includes both ARM observational datasets and a Python-based analysis toolkit for computation and visualization. The observational datasets are compiled from multiple ARM data products and specifically tailored for use in climate model evaluation. In addition, ARM-DIAGS also includes simulation data from models participating the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), which will allow climate-modeling groups to compare a new, candidate version of their model to existing CMIP models. The analysis toolkit is designed to make the metrics and diagnostics quickly available to the model developers.