bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of PAR2 by tissue factor induces the release of the PTEN from MAGI proteins and regulates PTEN and Akt activities
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad A. , Greenman John , Maraveyas Anthony , Ettelaie Camille 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTissue factor (TF) signalling has been associated with alterations in Akt activity influencing cellular survival and proliferation. TF is also shown to induce signalling through activation of the protease activated receptor (PAR)2. Seven cell lines were exposed to recombinant-TF (rec-TF), or activated using a PAR2-agonist peptide and the phosphorylation state of PTEN, and the activities of PTEN and Akt measured. Furthermore, by measuring the association of PTEN with MAGI proteins a mechanism for the induction of signalling by TF was proposed. Short term treatment of cells resulted in de-phosphorylation of PTEN, increased lipid-phosphatase activity and reduced Akt kinase activity in most of the cell lines examined. In contrast, continuous exposure to rec-TF up to 14 days, resulted in lower PTEN antigen levels, enhanced Akt activity and increased rate of cell proliferation. To explore the mechanism of activation of PTEN by TF, the association of "membrane-associated guanylate kinase-with inverted configuration" (MAGI)1–3 proteins with PTEN was assessed using the proximity ligation assay and by co-immunoprecipitation. The interaction of PTEN with all three MAGI proteins was transiently reduced following PAR2 activation and explains the changes in PTEN activity. Our data is first to show that PAR2 activation directly, or through exposure of cells to TF releases PTEN from MAGI proteins and is concurrent with increases in PTEN phosphatase activity. However, prolonged exposure to TF results in the reduction in PTEN antigen with concurrent increase in Akt activity which may explain the aberrant cell survival, proliferation and invasion associated with TF during chronic diseases.
Kidney segmentation in neck-to-knee body MRI of 40,000 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Langner Taro , Östling Andreas , Maldonis Lukas , Karlsson Albin , Olmo Daniel , Lindgren Dag , Wallin Andreas , Lundin Lowe , Strand Robin , Ahlström Håkan , Kullberg Joel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe UK Biobank is collecting extensive data on health-related characteristics of over half a million volunteers. The biological samples of blood and urine can provide valuable insight on kidney function, with important links to cardiovascular and metabolic health. Further information on kidney anatomy could be obtained by medical imaging. In contrast to the brain, heart, liver, and pancreas, no dedicated Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is planned for the kidneys. An image-based assessment is nonetheless feasible in the neck-to-knee body MRI intended for abdominal body composition analysis, which also covers the kidneys. In this work, a pipeline for automated segmentation of parenchymal kidney volume in UK Biobank neck-to-knee body MRI is proposed. The underlying neural network reaches a relative error of 3.8%, with Dice score 0.956 in validation on 64 subjects, close to the 2.6% and Dice score 0.962 for repeated segmentation by one human operator. The released MRI of about 40,000 subjects can be processed within one day, yielding volume measurements of left and right kidney. Algorithmic quality ratings enabled the exclusion of outliers and potential failure cases. The resulting measurements can be studied and shared for large-scale investigation of associations and longitudinal changes in parenchymal kidney volume.
Feasibility of a transmucosal sublingual fentanyl tablet as a procedural pain treatment in colonoscopy patients: a prospective placebo-controlled randomized study
Authors: Fihlman Mari , Karru E. , Varpe P. , Huhtinen H. , Hagelberg N. , Saari T. I. , Olkkola K. T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince patients often experience pain and unpleasantness during a colonoscopy, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sublingually administered fentanyl tablets for pain treatment. Furthermore, since the use of intravenous drugs significantly increases colonoscopy costs, sublingual tablets could be a cost-effective alternative to intravenous sedation. We conducted a prospective placebo-controlled randomized study of 158 patients to evaluate the analgesic effect of a 100 µg dose of sublingual fentanyl administered before a colonoscopy. Pain, sedation, nausea, and satisfaction were assessed during the colonoscopy by the patients as well as the endoscopists and nurses. Respiratory rate and peripheral arteriolar oxygen saturation were monitored throughout the procedure. There were no differences between the fentanyl and placebo groups in any of the measured variables. The median pain intensity values, as measured using a numerical rating scale, were 4.5 in the fentanyl group and 5 in the placebo group. The sedation and oxygen saturation levels and the respiratory rate did not differ between the groups. The majority of the colonoscopies were completed.Our results indicate that a 100 µg dose of sublingual fentanyl is not beneficial compared to the placebo in the treatment of procedural pain during a colonoscopy.
A class III WRKY transcription factor in sugarcane was involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses
Authors: Wang Dongjiao , Wang Ling , Su Weihua , Ren Yongjuan , You Chuihuai , Zhang Chang , Que Youxiong , Su Yachun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWRKY transcription factors play significant roles in plant stress responses. In this study, a class III WRKY gene ScWRKY5, was successfully isolated from sugarcane variety ROC22. The ScWRKY5 was a nucleus protein with transcriptional activation activity. The ScWRKY5 gene was constitutively expressed in all the sugarcane tissues, with the highest expression level in the stem epidermis and the lowest in the root. After inoculation with Sporisorium scitamineum for 1 d, the expression level of ScWRKY5 was significantly increased in two smut-resistant varieties (YZ01-1413 and LC05-136), while it was decreased in three smut-susceptible varieties (ROC22, YZ03-103, and FN40). Besides, the expression level of ScWRKY5 was increased by the plant hormones salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), as well as the abiotic factors polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium chloride (NaCl). Transient overexpression of the ScWRKY5 gene enhanced the resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana to the tobacco bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, however the transiently overexpressed N. benthamiana was more sensitive to the tobacco fungal pathogen Fusarium solani var. coeruleum. These results provide a reference for further research on the resistance function of sugarcane WRKY genes.
CMR-derived ECVs vary with myocardial region
and associate with the regional wall thickness
Authors: Su Mao-Yuan , Hou Kuei-Yuan , Liu Ming-Hung , Lin Tien-Min , Juang Jyh-Ming Jimmy , Lin Lian-Yu , Wu Cho-Kai , Yu Hsi-Yu , Yang Shun-Chung , Huang Yu-Sen , Niisato Emi , Chang Yeun-Chung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study was designed to identify whether the position and size of the
region of interest (ROI) influence extracellular volume fraction (ECV) measurements.
Patients with localized (n = 203) or infiltrative (n = 215) cardiomyopathies and 36
normal controls were enrolled in this study. ECV measurements at 4 different regions,
including the anterior, septal, posterior and lateral wall regions, were measured, and
all groups were compared. Regional ECV was correlated with the corresponding regional
wall thickness. The diagnostic power to differentiate the myocardial abnormalities was
evaluated for each myocardial region. ECVs measured using five different ROI sizes
within each myocardial region were compared. Our results showed that ECVs varied among
the myocardial regions, and this variation was significantly associated with regional
wall thicknesses. For the detection of myocardial abnormalities, regional ECV revealed
similar results as ECV derived from the whole region except for the anterior region. No
significant difference was found in the ECVs measured using the five different ROI
sizes. In conclusion, CMR-derived ECVs vary with myocardial region, and this variation
is significantly associated with the regional wall thickness. In contrast, the measured
size of the ROI has less of an effect on the ECV.
Transfer learning with chest X-rays for ER patient classification
Authors: Stubblefield Jonathan , Hervert Mitchell , Causey Jason L. , Qualls Jake A. , Dong Wei , Cai Lingrui , Fowler Jennifer , Bellis Emily , Walker Karl , Moore Jason H. , Nehring Sara , Huang Xiuzhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the challenges with urgent evaluation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the emergency room (ER) is distinguishing between cardiac vs infectious etiologies for their pulmonary findings. We conducted a retrospective study with the collected data of 171 ER patients. ER patient classification for cardiac and infection causes was evaluated with clinical data and chest X-ray image data. We show that a deep-learning model trained with an external image data set can be used to extract image features and improve the classification accuracy of a data set that does not contain enough image data to train a deep-learning model. An analysis of clinical feature importance was performed to identify the most important clinical features for ER patient classification. The current model is publicly available with an interface at the web link: http://nbttranslationalresearch.org/.
External beam radiotherapy with or without californium-252 neutron brachytherapy for treatment of recurrence after definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Wu Wen-an , Yang Yi-ping , Liang Jing , Zhao Jin , Wang Jian-sheng , Zhang Jia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the application of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) combined with californium-252 (252Cf) neutron intraluminal brachytherapy (NBT) in patients with local recurrent esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Sixty-two patients with local recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after definitive CRT were retrospectively analyzed; 31 patients underwent NBT+EBRT, and 31 received EBRT alone. The response rate; 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates; and adverse event occurrence rates were compared between these two patient groups. The response rate was 83.87% (26/31) in the NBT+EBRT group and 67.74% (21/31) in the EBRT group (p < 0.001). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 80.6%, 32.3%, and 6.5%, respectively, in the EBRT group, with a median survival time of 18 months. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 83.8%, 41.9%, and 6.9%, respectively, in the NBT+EBRT group, with a median survival time of 19 months. The differences between the groups were not significant (p = 0.352). Regarding acute toxicity, no incidences of fistula or massive bleeding were observed during the treatment period. The incidences of severe and late complications were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.080). However, the causes of death for all patients differed between the groups. Our data indicate that 252Cf-NBT+EBRT produces favorable local control for patients with local recurrent esophageal cancer after CRT, with tolerable side effects.
Development of a new approach to diagnosis of the early fluorosis forms by means of FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Seredin Pavel , Goloshchapov Dmitry , Ippolitov Yuri , Vongsvivut Jitraporn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study is aimed at investigating the features of mineralization of the enamel apatite at initial stages of fluorosis development. Samples of teeth with intact and fluorotic enamel in an early stage of the disease development (Thylstrup–Fejerskov Index = 1–3) were studied by Raman scattering and FTIR using Infrared Microspectroscopy beamline at Australian Synchrotron equipment. Based on the data obtained by optical microspectroscopy and calculation of the coefficient R [A-type/B-type], which represents the ratio of carbonation fraction of CO32−, replacing phosphate or hydroxyl radicals in the enamel apatite lattice, the features of mineralization of enamel apatite in the initial stages of development of the pathology caused by an increased content of fluorine in the oral cavity were established. Statistical analysis of the data showed significant differences in the mean values of R [A-type/B-type] ratio between the control and experimental groups for surface layers (p < 0.01). The data obtained are potentially significant as benchmarks in the development of a new approach to preventive diagnostics of the development of initial and clinically unregistered stages of human teeth fluorosis, as well as personalized control of the use of fluoride-containing caries-preventive agents.
Neurotrophic Properties of Silexan, an Essential Oil from the Flowers
of Lavender-Preclinical Evidence for Antidepressant-Like
Properties
Authors: Friedland Kristina , Silani Giacomo , Schuwald Anita , Stockburger Carola , Koch Egon , Nöldner Michael , Müller Walter E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Silexan, a special essential oil from flowering tops of
lavandula angustifolia, is used to treat subsyndromal anxiety disorders. In
a recent clinical trial, Silexan also showed antidepressant effects in
patients suffering from mixed anxiety-depression (ICD-10 F41.2). Since
preclinical data explaining antidepressant properties of Silexan are
missing, we decided to investigate if Silexan also shows antidepressant-like
effects in vitro as well as in vivo models.
Methods We used the forced swimming test (FST) in rats as a simple
behavioral test indicative of antidepressant activity in vivo. As
environmental events and other risk factors contribute to depression through
converging molecular and cellular mechanisms that disrupt neuronal function
and morphology—resulting in dysfunction of the circuitry that is
essential for mood regulation and cognitive function—we investigated
the neurotrophic properties of Silexan in neuronal cell lines and primary
hippocampal neurons.
Results The antidepressant activity of Silexan
(30 mg/kg BW) in the FST was comparable to the tricyclic
antidepressant imipramine (20 mg/kg BW) after 9-day
treatment. Silexan triggered neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis in 2
different neuronal cell models and led to a significant increase in
synaptogenesis in primary hippocampal neurons. Silexan led to a significant
phosphorylation of protein kinase A and subsequent CREB phosphorylation.
Conclusion Taken together, Silexan demonstrates antidepressant-like
effects in cellular as well as animal models for antidepressant activity.
Therefore, our data provides preclinical evidence for the clinical
antidepressant effects of Silexan in patients with mixed depression and
anxiety.
Evaluation of Angiogenic Factors (PlGF and sFlt-1) in Pre-eclampsia Diagnosis
Authors: Sá Catherine Primo Nogueira de , Jiménez Mirela Foresti , Rosa Marcos Wengrover , Arlindo Ellen Machado , Ayub Antonio Celso Koehler , Cardoso Rodrigo Bernardes , Kreitchmann Régis , El Beitune Patrícia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective Recent observations support the hypothesis that an imbalance between angiogenic factors has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and the best accuracy level of Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in maternal serum and protein/creatinine ratio in urine sample to define the best cutoff point of these tests to discriminate between the patients with gestational hypertension and the patients with pre-eclampsia, to evaluate the possibility of using them as diagnostic methods.
Methods A prospective longitudinal study was performed, and blood samples were collected from 95 pregnant patients with hypertension to measure serum concentrations of biomarkers sFlt-1 and PlGF. Urine samples were collected for protein screening. Significance was set as p < 0.05.
Results The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio demonstrated a sensitivity of 57.5% and a specificity of 60% using 50.4 as a cutoff point. The test that showed the best accuracy in the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia was protein/creatinine ratio, with a sensitivity of 78.9% and a specificity of 70% using 0.4 as a cutoff point and showing an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion No studied laboratory test proved to be fairly accurate for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia, except for the protein/creatinine ratio. The evidence is insufficient to recommend biomarkers sFlt-1 and PlGF to be used for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia.
Quality of the Italian Websites for Parental Guidance on the Indications for Tonsillectomy in Children
Authors: Corrêa Camila de Castro , Piña Sofia Prata , Evangelisti Melania , Villa Maria Pia , Weber Silke Anna Theresa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction The quality of information on websites about tonsillectomy regarding the knowledge level may be low. Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure to hypertrophy of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils. So, it is an invasive procedure with possible complications, which creates insecurity in parents. Significantly, Internet searches have been increased to address possible health concerns, questioning the quality of websites about tonsillectomy.
Objective To evaluate the readability, reliability, and comprehensiveness of the Italian websites dedicated to parental guidance regarding the indications for tonsillectomy in children.
Methods The search engine
google.it
was used to search the websites. The Gulpease index, which is a widely used readability formula ranging from 0 (difficult) to 100 (easy readability), was employed to evaluate these websites. The Health on the Net Code of Conduct (HONcode) was used to assess the quality of information, by taking ethical principles into account, with values ranging from 0 to 13. The content comprehensiveness of the web pages was assessed by assigning points ranging from 1 (very insufficient) to 5 (very satisfying) to each page. A final comparison with previous studies on tonsillectomy published on websites from other countries was performed.
Results Fourteen Italian websites were selected, and the Gulpease index showed a mean average of 40.77 ± 8.45. The mean of the HONcode analysis was 6.00 ± 1.92, in which the principles with the poorest scores were Attribution and Update. As far as the comprehensiveness of the websites is concerned, the resulting mean was 2.57 ± 0.77, in which Indications was the topic with the highest mean, whereas Benefits was the one with the lowest.
Conclusion The Italian websites were characterized by a lower readability level, a middle position regarding ethical principles, and the same (insufficient) comprehensiveness of tonsillectomy when compared with websites from different countries.
Embolization in Patient with Hypovolemic Shock after Transobturator Sling Procedure
Authors: Arruda Germano José Ferraz de , Bonfitto Miguel , Arruda Neto Jerônimo Ferraz de , Spessoto Luis Cesar Fava , Arruda José Germano Ferraz de , Fácio Fernando Nestor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe placement of a suburethral sling is standard treatment for stress urinary incontinence. The transobturator technique (TOT) emerged as an alternative to minimize the risks of the blind insertion of needles, leading to a lower rate of perforation complications compared with the retropubic approach. We present a case of injury to a branch of the left obturator artery following the placement of a urethral sling using TOT, followed by intense bleeding and hemodynamic instability, which was treated with embolization.
Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Women with Breast Cancer Being Treated with Oral Hormone Therapy
Authors: Stahlschmidt Rebeca , Ferracini Amanda Canato , Medeiros Luana Moreira de , Souza Cinthia Madeira de , Juliato Cassia Raquel Teatin , Mazzola Priscila Gava 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective The objective of the present study is to observe the frequency and severity of urinary symptoms in women with breast cancer (BC) being treated with oral hormone therapy, associating them to drug adherence.
Methods The participants were interviewed once from June to October 2016. The evaluation of urinary symptoms was performed by two questionnaires: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder Module (ICIQ-OAB). Adherence was evaluated by the Morisky-Green method. Statistical analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney test, linear regression, and Spearman correlation.
Results Fifty-eight women were interviewed: 42 treated with tamoxifen and 16 with aromatase inhibitor. Twenty-seven women (46.5%) presented urinary incontinence symptoms and 15 (25.8%) presented stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Fourteen (24.1%) women had symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB). There was no statistical difference in symptoms between both treatments and duration of treatments. Higher scores in the ICIQ-SF questionnaire were associated with low/medium adherence and advanced age. Higher scores in the ICIQ-OAB questionnaire were associated with low/medium adherence.
Conclusion The present study showed a high prevalence of urinary symptoms, such as urinary incontinence and OAB, associated with low/medium adherence and older age in women with BC being treated with oral hormone therapy. Health professionals should be alert to these symptoms since it could influence life quality and adherence to treatment.
Pursuit of the Abscopal Effect
Authors: Romesser Paul B. , Crane Christopher H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEvasion of immune recognition is a hallmark of cancer that facilitates tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. Systemic immune activation can incite tumor recognition and stimulate potent antitumor responses. While the concept of antitumor immunity is not new, there is renewed interest in tumor immunology given the clinical success of immune modulators in a wide range of cancer subtypes over the past decade. One particularly interesting, yet exceedingly rare phenomenon, is the abscopal response, characterized by a potent systemic antitumor response following localized tumor irradiation presumably attributed to reactivation of antitumor immunity.