bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between risk of malnutrition with dietary intake in people of older age: results from the HELIAD study
Authors: Mamalaki Eirini , Anastasiou Costas A. , Kontogianni Meropi D. , Kosmidis Mary H. , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Dardiotis Efthimios , Sakka Paraskevi , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Yannakoulia Mary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionLife expectancy has increased leading to a concomitant increase in the population of older people. Malnutrition, a major problem in this age group, deteriorates their health and quality of life. The association between risk of malnutrition and dietary intake has not been investigated sufficiently. The aim of this study was to examine potential associations between risk of malnutrition and dietary intake in a representative cohort of adults ≥ 65 years old.Materials and methods1,831 older people (mean age 73.1 ± 5.9 years old) from the HELIAD study were included in the analyses. Risk of malnutrition was assessed with the “Determine your Nutritional Health” checklist. Total score of the questionnaire ranges from 1–21, with 0–2 indicating good nutritional status, 3–5 moderate nutritional risk and ≥ 6 high nutritional risk. Dietary intake was evaluated with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, validated for the Greek population, from which consumption of specific food groups (non-refined cereals, fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, red meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, alcohol and sweets in servings/day) was estimated, as well as adherence to the Mediterranean diet, using a relevant a priori score.Results35.8% of the participants were well-nourished, 34.8% were at moderate nutritional risk and 29.4% were at high nutritional risk. Total energy intake did not differ between the groups (1,984 ± 500 kcal/day for those well-nourished, 1,995 ± 537 kcal/day for those at moderate nutritional risk and 1,934 ± 566 kcal/day for those at high nutritional risk, p = 0.140). Well-nourished older people consumed per day more portions of vegetables, fruits, legumes, poultry, sweets and fewer portions of alcohol compared to those at moderate and high risk (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, adherence to the Mediterranean diet differed significantly between the groups, i.e. those well-nourished had greater adherence to the Mediterranean Diet compared to the other groups (p < 0.001).DiscussionAlthough energy intake did not differ between the groups, there were significant differences in quality of their diet, as this was depicted in specific food group intake and adherence to a healthy dietary pattern. Thus, health experts should also consider diet quality when screening malnutrition in this vulnerable age group.
Within-country, regional variations in dietary patterns in a representative sample of Polish females 13–21-year-old: finding from the GEBaHealth study
Authors: Wadolowska Lidia , Czarnocinska Jolanta , Kowalkowska Joanna , Lonnie Marta , Jezewska-Zychowicz Marzena , Babicz-Zielinska Ewa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSome dietary patterns (DPs) identified across the world are classified as universal (e.g. ‘Western’ or ‘Prudent’) while other patterns are country-specific, often labelled as ‘Traditional’. Regional, country-level variations in DPs adherence were not extensively studied to date. The aim of this study was to analyse differences in DPs adherence among Polish females between country regions. A cross-sectional study was performed using data from a representative sample (n = 1107) of Polish females 13–21-year-old, enrolled for the Girls Eating Behaviours and Health Study. Initially, 2104 females were randomly selected from the Universal Electronic System of Population Register database. The response rate was 52.6%. All data were adjusted for survey weights to maintain the representativeness. Three short form food frequency questionnaires were applied. Four DPs were identified by principal component analysis: ‘Traditional Polish’ (positively loaded by higher consumption frequency of white bread, potatoes, meat and fat), ‘Vegetables and fruit’, ‘Fast-food and sweets’ and ‘Dairy and fats’. In line with the Polish database of Central Statistical Office, six Polish regions were considered: East (with the lowest Gross Domestic Product, GDP = 69.7; Poland = 100), North (DP = 84.8), North-West (GDP = 95.1), South (GDP = 98.8), South-West (GDP = 104.8) and Central (the highest GDP = 140.4). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age and body mass index. Higher adherence to ‘Traditional Polish’ DP was found in 4 out of 5 regions (OR 2.02 to 2.53) when compared to the East region. Higher adherence to ‘Vegetables and fruit’ DP was found in 2 out of 5 regions (the South and the South-West; OR 1.71 and 1.81, respectively), when compared to the East region, and in 3 out of 5 regions (the South, the South-West and the Central; OR 1.69 to 2.23), when compared to the North-West region. Higher adherence to ‘Fast-food and sweets’ DP was found in the North region when compared to the three other regions as reference: the East (OR 1.94), the North-West (OR 1.93), and the South (OR 2.10). In young Polish females, high adherence to the ‘Traditional Polish’ DP was observed across the country, except of the poorest region (the East). The study highlights that young females from economically deprived regions are at higher risk of unhealthy (westernized) dietary behaviors while those living in more affluent regions more frequently consume fruit and vegetables being a high-cost food. Increasing the affordability of healthy foods should be considered as an important component of public health interventions, particularly in more deprived regions.
Associations between total cereals, whole grain, carbohydrate intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ye Yan-Bin , Lu Wei , Zhuo Shu-Yu , Chen Yu-Ming , Li Yan-Bing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe associations between grains and carbohydrate intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus are controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between grains, carbohydrate intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China.Materials and MethodsThis was a 1:2 (sex/age) matched case-control study, participants were adults. Cases were diabetics diagnosed within 3 months and the controls were without disorder of glucose metabolism. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information on their socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and dietary intakes using structured questionnaires. Grains were divided into whole, refined and common grain, and the carbohydrate intake was also calculated. The study participants were divided into quartiles (Q1 (lowest), Q2, Q3, and Q4) by food and nutrients intakes separately. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to explore the association of foods and nutrients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after adjusting for potential confounders. Trend test were performed by treating quartiles variables as continuous variables.Results and DiscussionOur study enrolled 384 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (males 162, females 222) and 768 controls (males 324, females 444). Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis(Ver. 21.0; PSS Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA) showed that moderate amount intake of total cereals was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The adjusted OR of the second quartile (Q2, 223g/d) and the third quartile (Q3, 255g/d) were 0.60(95%CI:0.38–0.93) and 0.51(95%CI:0.33–0.79), respectively, compared with the lowest quartile (Q1, 165g/d), but this inverse association was not found in the highest quartile (Q4, 307g/d) and the OR was 0.74(95%CI:0.47–1.15). There was significant negative association between whole grains intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus with the OR of the highest intake 0.48(95%CI:0.31–0.77) compared with the lowest intake(Ptrend = 0.001).No association was found between refined grains intake intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and neither did common grain intake. Higher carbohydrate intake may have a beneficial effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus. The best effect was found in the second quartile intake (Q2, 264g/d), with an adjusted OR of 0.56 (95%CI:0.37–0.84) compared with the lowest quartile intake (Q1, 220g/d).The OR of Q3 (285g/d) and Q4 (334g/d) were 0.69 (95%CI:0.48–1.00) and 0.66 (95CI:0.44–1.00) respectively(Ptrend p = 0.017).ConclusionModerate amount of total cereals intake may benefit to type 2 diabetes mellitus, however, much lower and higher intake can increase the risk. Higher intake of whole grains was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Carbohydrate intake was negative associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases among academic staff members in rural university, SA
Authors: Mushaphi Lindelani Fhumudzani , Madala Sedzani 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlobally non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain unacceptably high amongst adult population and its prevalence increases yearly.AimThe aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of non-communicable diseasesMethodsThe study design used was cross-sectional. The study population was academic staff members, whereas the targeted population was UNIVEN academic staff members. Convenience sampling was used to select participants. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical measurements were also taken. Descriptive data statistics were used to interpret data. Percentage and tables were used to present data.ResultsAlmost all participants (93%) were Africans while very few were from other race such as European and Asian. More than one third (39.2%) of the participants had no family history of diseases, 23.8% had family history of hypertension and diabetes. The majority of the participants (82.3%) did not suffer from any chronic diseases of lifestyle. About 7.7% had SBP between 140–159mmHg, while very few participants (5.4%) had > / = 160mmHg. About 13.8% had DBP between 90–99mmHg, while very few participants (5.4%) had > / = 100mmHg. About 43.8% of the participants were pre-diabetic. Nearly two thirds (66.2%) of the participants fell within high borderline of cholesterol, while 13.8% of participants had normal total cholesterol. About 40% of the participants were overweight, 20.7% were obese class I, about 43.8% of the participants had low waist circumference, more than one thirds (35.4%) had high waist circumference.ConclusionThe study revealed that majority of academic staff members are at risk of developing NCDs. Nearly half of participants (49.3%) their systolic blood pressure was above normal and the diastolic blood pressure was 48.4%. The blood glucose levels showed that 43.8% of participants were pre-diabetic and 13.1% were diabetic. Furthermore, majority of participants (83.1%) showed that the cholesterol level was above borderline and had high cholesterol. Majority of participants (80.8%) were overweight and obese.
Adherence to the new French dietary guidelines and risk of overweight and obesity
Authors: Chaltiel Dan , Julia Chantal , Adjibade Moufidath , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract IntroductionThe new score of adherence to the 2017 French food-based dietary guidelines (PNNS-GS2) has previously been validated. Overweight and obesity being major risk factors for morbidity and mortality and highly related to diet, this study therefore aimed to study their prospective association with PNNS-GS2. A secondary objective was to compare these results to those obtained with PNNS-GS, reflecting 2001 recommendations.Material and methodsThe sample included French adults recruited in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort (N = 31,804 and 42,471 for overweight and obesity analyses respectively). The PNNS-GS and the PNNS-GS2 were calculated from repeated 24-hour dietary records collected during the first 2 years of follow-up, and weights were recorded after them in various questionnaires (N = 7.7 weight values on average, SD = 2.3). The association between the scores (as continuous and in quintiles, Q) and the risk of overweight or obesity was modelled by a Cox regression. Events were defined as having a BMI higher than 25 or 30, for overweight and obesity respectively. Comparison to the association with the PNNS-GS was performed using the mPNNS-GS, a modified PNNS-GS without the “physical activity” component. Models were adjusted for age (time scale), gender, size, energy intake, physical activity, socio-professional category, smoking, cohabitation, monthly income and alcohol consumptionResults and Statistical AnalysisMean scores were 2.2 (SD = 3.2) for PNNS-GS2 and 8.2 (SD = 1.6) for the mPNNS-GS in the “overweight” sample, and 1.9 (SD = 3.3) for the PNNS-GS2 and 8.2 (SD = 1.6) for mPNNS-GS in the “obesity” sample. In our cohort, PNNS-GS2 was significantly associated with the risk obesity, both in quintiles (HRQ5vsQ1 [95%IC] = 0.43 [0.36–0.51]), with a very linear pattern across quintiles (p for trend < 0.0001), and continuously (HR1 point ofPNNS-GS2 [95%IC] = 0.90 [0.88–0.92]). Results were very similar for overweight. On the other hand, mPNNS-GS associations were not significant, whatever the outcome.ConclusionThe strong association of PNNS-GS2 with the risk of overweight and obesity reinforces its construct validity. Its apparent superiority over the mPNNS-GS contributes to the relevance of the 2017 dietary guidelines.
Influencing factors on changes in nutritional behaviour over the life span
Authors: Sept Alexandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrom an early age nutrition is part of everyday life, but the motives of eating change over the life span. The nutrition depends on many factors and is always embedded in an individual and social dimension. Especially life-phase-specific framework conditions and factors play an important role in the daily nutrition. The aim of this project was to find out how different factors affect nutritional behaviour in different age groups.The study was part of the research project “enable - healthy food choices in all stages of life”. In order to examine the factors influencing the nutritional behaviour, focus groups with young women and men, middle-agers and elderly had been implemented. In addition biographical interviews were conducted to gain a deeper insight into the reasons for changing the nutritional behaviour. Thus influencing factors and their weighting could be identified and their mode of action could be linked.For example, changes in the nutritional habits of adolescents could be figured out more accurately. Essential for young adults is the replacement of the parents, which is obtained by moving out of the parental home. An own lifestyle and nutritional style has to be developed and there are many changes and new freedoms and opportunities to try out. The consumption of fast food, for example, is particularly attractive to adolescents, as it is a distinction from the adult culture and rules of eating, like eating with cutlery. Another example is the nutritional situation of elderly, which is often characterized by malnutrition or disease-related dietary requirements. However, many elderly do not eat as recommended, even if they have the skills to implement it. In everyday life, deviations from the nutritional recommendations are often legitimized by the age itself “now I can indulge myself a bit”. Other legitimization factors include the death of the partner “I have been cooking my whole life, now I can just eat a sandwich”.The majority of people do not eat according to nutritional recommendations, too much sugar and salt and little fruits and vegetables characterize the nutrition. The consequences do not only concern health aspects such as nutritional diseases, but also ecological aspects. Despite knowing about the consequences of unhealthy food, many do not realize their knowledge about healthy eating in everyday life. If the nutritional situation should be improved sustainably, it is therefore necessary to include the individual factors and changes in the life span in considerations and concepts of nutritional programs.
Metabolic response to dietary supplementation with iron and folic acid in the rat
Authors: Radziejewska Anna , Suliburska Joanna , Kołodziejski Paweł , Chmurzyńska Agata 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFolic acid (FA) and iron absorption is performed by transporters encoded by the Slc46a1 and Slc11a2 genes, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine how FA and iron deficiency in rats, and subsequent supplementation of the animals’ diet with these nutrients, affects Slc11a2 and Slc46a1 gene expression and the metabolic biomarkers of FA and iron status.150 female Wistar rats were assigned to a group fed a diet deficient in iron and FA (D, n = 120) or to a group fed a control diet (C, n = 30, AIN-93M) for 28 days. After this period, the rats were randomized to a group fed for 2, 10, or 21 days with a diet deficient in FA and supplemented with iron (DFE), a diet deficient in iron and supplemented with FA (DFOL), a diet supplemented with iron and FA (FEFOL), or a diet deficient in iron and folic (D).Transcript and protein levels were determined in the duodenum using the real-time PCR and western blot methods, respectively. FA concentrations in serum were assessed using the electrochemiluminescence method, and homocysteine concentrations were determined with an enzymatic assay. Iron metabolism was evaluated by measuring the total and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (TIBC and UIBC) in serum, and iron concentrations were determined using a photometric method. Hepcidin concentrations were measured in plasma with an immunoenzymatic method. Morphological parameters of the blood were determined with a Sysmex XT-4000 analyzer.The D group had higher Slc11a2 transcript levels than the DFE group at every time-point (p < 0.01). There were higher Slc46a1 mRNA levels in the DFE group than in the FEFOL group at the third time-point (p < 0.05). We did not observe any differences in PCFT or DMT1 protein abundance. The DFOL, FEFOL, and C groups had higher serum FA concentrations at the second and third time-points (p < 0.001), as well as the lowest homocysteine concentrations (p < 0.001). TIBC concentrations were lowest in the DFE and the FEFOL groups at the final time-point (p < 0.001). We did not observe any differences in hepcidin concentrations. Simultaneous supplementation with FA and iron resulted in significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations at the third time-point (p < 0.01).This study shows that dietary FA and iron deficiency, and subsequent supplementation with moderate amounts of these nutrients, may affect the transcription but not the protein abundance of FA and iron transporters in the rat duodenum.
A comparison of the effects of intermittent versus continuous exercise on blood glucose control in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Archer David , Newby Craig , Allan Beth , Thomas Leuenberger 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExercise has many health benefits for individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), however it carries the risk of hypoglycaemia. Research has indicated that intermittent high intensity exercise reduces this risk compared to steady state exercise, potentially via a greater anaerobic component inducing increased lactate and catecholamine response.Six physically active males aged 23 ± 5 years, BMI 24.9 ± 1.8 kg•m-2, Vo2 max 47.9 ± 10.1 ml•kg-1•min-1 diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes for 9 ± 3 years and a HbA1c concentration of 8.6 ± 0.3% participated in a randomised counterbalanced trial. Participants exercised for 60 min on a cycle ergometer on two occasions separated by 7 days, which consisted of a moderate continuous steady state exercise session at 40% o2 max (CONT), or the same exercise intensity interspersed with 7 s high intensity sprints at 100% Vo2 max every 2 min (INT). Blood glucose concentration was assessed via capillary blood sampling every 10 min during exercise and at regular intervals in the 60 min post exercise (Accu-Chek Aviva, Roche, UK). Additional metabolic measures such as blood lactate concentration and carbohydrate oxidation rates were assessed during exercise. Participants ingested small quantities of a carbohydrate drink, if required, to avoid hypoglycaemia during exercise. Magnitude based inferences were used to compare the two exercise trials and Effect Sizes (ES) calculated using Cohen's d and results presented as mean ± SD.Average blood glucose concentration was lower on the INT trial compared to CONT during both the exercise phase (8.9 ± 1.7 mmol•l-1 vs 7.1 ± 1.1 mmol•l-1; ES 0.55) and the 60 min post-exercise recovery phase (8.1 ± 1.9 mmol•l-1 vs 7.0 ± 1.8 mmol•l-1; ES 0.56). Carbohydrate oxidation was greater on the INT trial compared to CONT (1.9 ± 1.4 g•min-1 vs 1.5 ± 0.6 g•min-1; ES 0.35). Capillary blood lactate concentration was markedly elevated on INT when compared to CONT (5.0 ± 1.4 mmol•l-1 vs 2.4 ± 1.1 mmol•l-1; ES 2.48). Carbohydrate ingestion during exercise was 13 ± 11 g and differed little between trials (ES 0.18).Despite greater anaerobic metabolic response, the addition of intermittent high intensity sprints to 60 min steady-state cycle exercise resulted in greater declines in blood glucose concentration during the exercise and post-exercise period, potentially by inhibition of the counter regulatory hormone response expected on the INT trial. These results would indicate that additional exogenous carbohydrate ingestion may be required for individuals with T1D when intermittent sprints are added to prolonged continuous exercise.
Fatty Acid and Liver Status in Postmenopausal Women With and Without Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Muzsik Agata , Jeleń Henryk H. , Chmurzynska Agata 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that includes dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. MetS is more prevalent in postmenopausal women than in other population groups. Furthermore, postmenopausal women are also more prone to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between fatty acid (FA) status, dietary lipid indices, and noninvasive biomarkers of NAFLD in postmenopausal women with or without MetS.One hundred and thirty-one postmenopausal women were included in the study. Dietary lipid indices (PUFA/MUFA and n-3/n-6 ratios) were calculated using the mean macronutrient intake, which was evaluated with dietary records. Selected biochemical biomarkers in the blood (e.g., lipid profile and enzymes related to liver function) were measured using the colorimetric method. FA concentrations in red blood cells (RBC) were analyzed using gas chromatography. Noninvasive biomarkers of NAFLD, such as fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI), were calculated.The mean age of the study group was 61.48 ± 5.62, and the mean waist circumference was 96.27 ± 12.44 cm. Levels of n-3/n-6 intake exceeding the median were associated with higher levels of EPA, EPA/AA, DHA/AA, and EPA + DHA/AA and lower levels of n-6/n-3 in RBC (p < 0.05). Women with MetS had significantly higher n-6/n-3 levels in RBC and lower levels of EPA, total n-3, EPA/ALA, EPA/AA, DHA/AA, EPA + DHA/AA, PUFA/SFA, and PUFA/MUFA in RBC than women without MetS. Women with MetS had a higher FLI than women without MetS (p < 0.001), but there were no differences in the concentrations of enzymes related to liver function. Women with FLI and HSI values over the median and AST/ALT values below the median had lower concentrations of n-3, PUFA/SFA, and PUFA/MUFA in RBC and higher concentrations of n-6/n-3 in RBC (p < 0.05). Subjects with higher levels of n-3/n-6 and PUFA + MUFA/SFA in RBC had a lower concentration of GGTP, while those with higher levels of PUFA/SFA in RBC had lower FLI (p < 0.05).MetS is associated with unfavorable FA status in postmenopausal women—specifically with lower levels of n-3, PUFA/SFA, and PUFA/MUFA. Moreover, concentrations of these FAs in RBC are associated with NAFLD biomarkers.The project was financed by the National Science Centre award (decision number 2015/17/N/NZ9/04133).