bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity of Heteroptera in Puerto Rico: Part II. Annotated Checklist and Keys of Lygaeoidea (Pentatomomorpha)
Authors: Segarra-Carmona Alejandro E. , Franqui Rosa A. , Pérez-Martínez Hariette 
Published: September 2020

Lygaeoidea fauna of Puerto Rico and its adjacent islands is presented as part of a revision of the Heteroptera of these islands. In this work, we present 73 species in nine families known from Puerto Rico: Berytidae (4); Lygaeidae (17); Cimidae (1); Ninidae (1); Blissidae (3); Geocoridae (7); Oxycarenidae (1); Pachygronthidae (2); and Rhyparochromidae (37). Of this total, nine represent new records for Puerto Rico: Gampsocoris decorus (Uhler), Spilostethus pandurus (Scopoli), Icshnodemus variegatus (Signoret), Geocoris uliginosus Say, Valtissius distinctus (Distant), Pseudopachybrachius concepcioni Zheng & Slater, Paromius dohrnii (Guérin-Méneville), Ozophora barbudensis Baranowski, and O. xancthocnemis Baranowski. Most species found here are also widely found in the West Indies. The genera with the most species represented are the rhyparochromids Ozophora Uhler and Neopamera Harrington. Taxonomic accounts presented in this work include synonymies, known distribution, lists of hosts and a listing of examined specimens. Also, we provided taxonomic keys and color plates of 52 of the species discussed.
PERSPECTIVES OF VOLUNTEER PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS AND PARENTS ON A SUMMER PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Authors: Erdem Hatice Şengül 
Published: September 2020

<p>Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are more likely to have regression in acquired skills in summer than typically developing peers, while parents have also more limited options to provide summer alternatives for their children. This study aimed to understand perspectives of parents of children with ASD and pre-service teachers volunteered on a social enhancement summer program delivered through a university for children with ASD. Semi-structured interviews were performed with both participant groups along with focus group discussion with volunteers, while an inductive analysis process was used for data analysis. The analysis of data obtained from both parents and volunteers revealed three main themes along with related subthemes: (a) the need for summer program, (b) suggestions for effective summer program, and (c) benefits of the summer program. The perspectives of two groups of participants generally overlap and they demonstrate similar thoughts. The results show that summer programs can be an effective alternative to maintain the current level of children with ASD in summers.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0655/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Evaluation of Contamination of Multiuse Suture Cassettes in an HQHVSN Environment
Authors: Comroe Alyssa J. , Roush James K. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Historically, it has been thought that suture cassettes become contaminated by bacteria through multiuse. However, High-Quality, High-Volume Spay/Neuter (HQHVSN) veterinarians have been using them for years without issue because of their significantly lower cost. The objective of this study was to determine if absorbable suture cassettes are contaminated through multiuse in an HQHVSN environment. A total of 101 suture samples from suture cassettes were collected from 25 HQHVSN clinics or shelters. The suture samples were placed in an enrichment broth tube and aerobic and anaerobic culture with microbe ID were performed. A total of 17/101 samples were positive for microbial growth, with 11/25 clinics having at least one positive sample. Based on these results, there is a significant risk to using suture cassettes that must be balanced against cost savings. Although HQHVSN veterinarians do not report an increase in infection using suture cassettes, based on the results of this study, there is likely contaminated suture being used during sterilization surgeries at these surgery sites.
Is War an Instrument of Policy?
Authors: Meilinger Phillip S. 
Published: September 2020

One of Carl Clausewitz's most famous dictums is that “war is an instrument of policy.” Yet, few writers over the past two centuries have attempted to define what is meant by the term “policy.” Indeed, when doing so, most posit a definition that is so broad as to include virtually any type of motive for war: power politics, domestic politics, economics, irredentism, religion, etc. This is far too broad and tends to make the dictum meaningless. Moreover, many nations do not always wage war for such concrete reasons; rather, sometimes it is waged for cultural reasons such as pride, honor, revenge, fear, love, hate, or prestige.
Of Mothers and Sisters: Donatella Di Pietrantonio’s L’Arminuta
Authors: Karagoz Claudia 
Published: September 2020

Set in Abruzzo, an Italian region seldom represented in the work of contemporary Italian women writers, Donatella Di Pietrantonio’s L’Arminuta (2017) is a compelling novel recounting the protagonist-narrator’s difficult journey toward self-realization following a double-abandonment by both her biological and adoptive mothers. An empowering bond with her long-lost younger sister Adriana, an extraordinarily resourceful and caring ten-year old, allows the protagonist to survive her new, hostile surroundings after her adoptive mother abruptly returns her to her biological family at age thirteen. Despite having gained popular acclaim and several literary prizes, L’Arminuta has not yet received the critical attention it deserves. To date, no scholarly studies of this work have been produced. This article intends to bring long-overdue attention to this neglected novel. In the first part of the article, after analyzing how language and communication signify the development of the protagonist’s identity and her evolving relationships with her two mothers, I engage with philosopher Adriana Cavarero’s analysis of motherhood in her rereading of the Demeter’s myth. Here, I argue that the failed mother-daughter relationships portrayed in L’Arminuta are the result of patriarchal constructions of motherhood that, albeit in different ways, deprive both mothers of the choice not to reproduce, and preclude the formation of validating bonds with their daughter. In the second part of the article, through the lens of Cavarero’s notion of “inclination,” I show how Adriana’s crucial acts of care toward the protagonist counteract her lack of lasting, loving bonds with her mothers, and allow her to endure her double abandonment. L’Arminuta is a powerful and necessary novel that denaturalizes persisting constructions of motherhood as women’s natural fate, and proposes a non-traditional model of care and nurturing that escapes patriarchal definitions of the family.
Herrens bøn „Fadervor“
Authors: Ludvigsen Valdemar Leth 
Published: September 2020

The Lord’s Prayerby Valdemar Leth Ludvigsen My starting-point was an analysis of Grundtvig’s view of the Lord’s presence at baptism. This examination showed that the Lord’s prayer, which is also the baptismal prayer, acquired increasing significance for Grundtvig around 1840. It was then my aim to reach an understanding of the Lord’s prayer as a reason for this growing influence. With the aid of Sangværket (the Collection of Songs) and on the basis of published as well as unpublished sermons it appeared that the Lord’s prayer in Grundtvig has become a gospel word, to be professed.The basic idea is that praying is not only a question of saying the Lord’s prayer. For through His presence in the Spirit the Lord united Himself with those at prayer and prays together with them. This fact has its roots in both the Lord’s incarnation — Christmas - and in the worshippers’ baptism, when God comes to the aid of the man in distress to make him His child again.Praying together with the Lord the worshippers’ prayer fuses together with the Lord’s own voice, so that the Heavenly Father can hear His own Son’s voice in the prayer. Whatever the Son asks the Heavenly Father is always granted. Therefore the prayers of those whose voice is united with the Lord’s own are also granted through faith in Him. The ‘amen’ of the prayer must be heard by the worshippers at the Heavenly Father’s, the Creator’s own confirmation of the fulfilment of the prayer. Everything that is covered by the words of the Lord’s prayer is thereby granted to the worshippers. In this way the Lord’s prayer becomes both a putting forward of the words of the prayer and an audible gospel.Since the prayer as an audible gospel rests on the Lord’s own presence in the Spirit, the worshippers experience an anticipatory fulfilment of the requests in the prayer. This is expressed as a renewal of faith, which nourishes a living hope. This guarantees the final fulfilment of the Christian hope. Just as this is expressed in the thanksgiving song of praise by the enlightened congregation, so is the present hope made manifest in an anticipatory song of praise. The worshippers can hum the prayer. With this view of the Lord’s prayer we have reached an understanding of what lies behind the growing significance of the prayer for Grundtvig.
Debatforum: Hvordan erindres folkehøjskolens historie?
Authors: Korsgaard Ove 
Published: September 2020

Debatforum[Forum for debate]In the Forum for debate, readers are invited to respond to issues raised, or to raise new issues relative to the field of Grundtvig studies. Items submitted, preferably in the form of an article, may be of any reasonable length and in any of the languages usually accepted by the journal. Contributions in Grundtvig-Studier 2007 are written by Ove Korsgaard and P.l Bødtker Walstad.Unfortunately, due to a mistake during the editing of Professor, dr. p.d. Ove Korsgaard’s contribution “Hvordan erindres folkehøjskolens historie?” in Grundtvig-Studier 2006, certain sections were misplaced. As this may have caused confusion to the readers, we are reprinting the contribution in its original form. The editors of Grundtvig-Studier 2006 would like to apologise for the misprint. Debatforum: Hvordan erindres folkehøjskolens historie?[Forum for debate: How do we recall the history of the Danish folk highschool?]By Ove KorsgaardIt is a well-recognised phenomenon in the process of historical recall that both deliberate manipulation and less conscious selectivity of what is remembered and what forgotten may distort the true record of events, even though the distorted record may then become the basis upon which the present generation shapes its prospect of the future. A close reexamination of the historical and constantly evolving struggle between competing ideals in the folk-highschools from Grundtvig’s day onwards reveals that unhistorical notions of pure and miscegenated educational models have established themselves. This distortion of the true history of the evolution of these schools may now be obstructing the clear-headed and pragmatic reassessment of its future that the folk-highschool movement is currently having to confront.
The Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal System in Men with Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Annayev B. H. , Jiao Fuyong , Zhang Sheng , Wang Linna 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This Research was to study the functional state of the hypothalamic-pituitary gland-gonadal system in males with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), as well as the effect of hormonal correction of the revealed disorders on factors of pathogenesis and the course of IHD.
Materials and Methods: We examined 120 males with IHD of different severity of disease, aged 20-50 years and 34 healthy males of the same age with normal body weight and with uncompromised history for diseases of the endocrine system. Among those surveyed were not included alcoholou anabolizant steroids abusers with severe somatic and inflammatory diseases of the genital organs (prostatitis, urethritis, orchitis). The body weight of patients fluctuated within ± 10% of the ideal. At the time of the examination, all the patients were married, 2 were divorced, and all had children.
Depending on the age, the examinees were divided into 2 groups: the first - 44 patients in the age of 20-35 years, the second - 76 patients 36-50 years old.
The patient was examined in Ashgabat city, Hospital with the Scientific- clinical Center of Cardiology (Turkmenistan).
Results: In the I age group, 8 patients had post infarction cardiosclerosis, in which there was a slight decrease in sexual activity, in others - angina pectoris of different functional classes (there was no violation of sexual activity).
The average content of Т in the fasting serum of males with IHD of I group was significantly lowered, were noted a statistically unreliable tendency to increase of FSH and a statistically significant increase in the LH/T ratio. The mean levels of LH, PRL and E2 did not differ from the corresponding indices in healthy individuals.
Conclusion: Patients with IHD have decreased testosterone secretion, especially at a young age.
Cationic amphiphilic drugs as potential anticancer therapy for bladder cancer
Authors: van der Horst Geertje , van de Merbel Arjanneke F. , Ruigrok Eline , van der Mark Maaike H. , Ploeg Emily , Appelman Laura , Tvingsholm Siri , Jäätelä Marja , van Uhm Janneke , Kruithof‐de Julio Marianna , Thalmann George N. , Pelger Rob C. M. , Bangma Chris H. , Boormans Joost L. , van der Pluijm Gabri , Zwarthoff Ellen C. 
Published: September 2020

More effective therapy for patients with either muscle‐invasive or high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is an unmet clinical need. For this, drug repositioning of clinically approved drugs represents an interesting approach. By repurposing existing drugs, alternative anticancer therapies can be introduced in the clinic relatively fast, because the safety and dosing of these clinically approved pharmacological agents are generally well known. Cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) dose‐dependently decreased the viability of a panel of human UCB lines in vitro. CADs induced lysosomal puncta formation, a hallmark of lysosomal leakage. Intravesical instillation of the CAD penfluridol in an orthotopic mouse xenograft model of human UCB resulted in significantly reduced intravesical tumor growth and metastatic progression. Furthermore, treatment of patient‐derived ex vivo cultured human UCB tissue caused significant partial or complete antitumor responses in 97% of the explanted tumor tissues. In conclusion, penfluridol represents a promising treatment option for bladder cancer patients and warrants further clinical evaluation.
Microarray Patches: Poking a Hole in the Challenges Faced When Delivering Poorly Soluble Drugs
Authors: Paredes Alejandro J. , McKenna Peter E. , Ramöller Inken K. , Naser Yara A. , Volpe‐Zanutto Fabiana , Li Mingshan , Abbate M. T. A. , Zhao Li , Zhang Chunyang , Abu‐Ershaid Juhaina M. , Dai Xianbing , Donnelly Ryan F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPoorly soluble drugs constitute more than 60% of currently marketed pharmaceuticals with over two‐thirds of promising new chemical entities failing to enter a clinical setting due to solubility issues. Although oral formulations have made some impact, alternative enhancement strategies for administration of such molecules are actively sought. Over the last decade, innovation on a global scale has enabled the expansion of the frontiers of microarray patches (MAPs) further than ever before. Initially designed to load low doses of hydrophilic and potent therapeutic agents, MAPs are now becoming a viable strategy for the immediate and long‐acting delivery of poorly soluble drugs through the skin. This together with the advantages of transdermal administration over the oral and parenteral routes, make of MAPs an appealing platform for the development of products with increased patient compliance. Undoubtedly, MAPs will soon become a readily available therapeutic alternative, and experts from academia, industry and regulatory bodies are working together aiming to facilitate the progression of MAPs toward safe and effective clinical use. This review aims to highlight the ability of MAPs to deliver poorly soluble actives, discuss the mechanisms behind in‐skin drug absorption, and evaluate the future direction of the field.
Pushing the Energy Output and Cycling Lifespan of Potassium‐Ion Capacitor to High Level through Metal–Organic Framework Derived Porous Carbon Microsheets Anode
Authors: Shao Mingjie , Li Chongxing , Li Tong , Zhao Han , Yu Weiqing , Wang Rutao , Zhang Jing , Yin Longwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPotassium ion capacitors (PIC) have been extensively explored as an economically favorable substitute for their well‐developed lithium ion counterparts. However, their commercialization suffers from their low energy density and relatively short cycling life. Here, a porous carbon microsheets anode is produced by morphology‐preserved thermal transformation of sheet‐like manganese‐based metal–organic frameworks. The as‐produced porous carbon microsheets anode has a disordered, interlayer‐expanded, oxygen‐doped structure, which is demonstrated to have excellent K+ storage properties in terms of specific capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability. A PIC fabricated by employing Mn‐MOF derived porous carbon (MDPC) as the anode and activated carbon as the cathode, yields an energy density of up to 120 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 26 kW kg−1 as well as a long‐term cycling life over 120 000 cycles, which is close to those of most Li‐ion counterparts. These promising results demonstrate that exploring novel carbon anodes can promote the rapid development of PICs toward practical applications.
An Adhesive Hydrogel with “Load‐Sharing” Effect as Tissue Bandages for Drug and Cell Delivery
Authors: Chen Jing , Wang Dong , Wang Long‐Hai , Liu Wanjun , Chiu Alan , Shariati Kaavian , Liu Qingsheng , Wang Xi , Zhong Zhe , Webb James , Schwartz Robert E. , Bouklas Nikolaos , Ma Minglin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrogels with adhesive properties have potential for numerous biomedical applications. Here, the design of a novel, intrinsically adhesive hydrogel and its use in developing internal therapeutic bandages is reported. The design involves incorporation of “triple hydrogen bonding clusters” (THBCs) as side groups into the hydrogel matrix. The THBC through a unique “load sharing” effect and an increase in bond density results in strong adhesions of the hydrogel to a range of surfaces, including glass, plastic, wood, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), stainless steel, and biological tissues, even without any chemical reaction. Using the adhesive hydrogel, tissue‐adhesive bandages are developed for either targeted and sustained release of chemotherapeutic nanodrug for liver cancer treatment, or anchored delivery of pancreatic islets for a potential type 1 diabetes (T1D) cell replacement therapy. Stable adhesion of the bandage inside the body enables almost complete tumor suppression in an orthotopic liver cancer mouse model and ≈1 month diabetes correction in chemically induced diabetic mice.
Graphene Nanoribbons: On‐Surface Synthesis and Integration into Electronic Devices
Authors: Chen Zongping , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are quasi‐1D graphene strips, which have attracted attention as a novel class of semiconducting materials for various applications in electronics and optoelectronics. GNRs exhibit unique electronic and optical properties, which sensitively depend on their chemical structures, especially the width and edge configuration. Therefore, precision synthesis of GNRs with chemically defined structures is crucial for their fundamental studies as well as device applications. In contrast to top‐down methods, bottom‐up chemical synthesis using tailor‐made molecular precursors can achieve atomically precise GNRs. Here, the synthesis of GNRs on metal surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) conditions is the main focus, and the recent progress in the field is summarized. The UHV method leads to successful unambiguous visualization of atomically precise structures of various GNRs with different edge configurations. The CVD protocol, in contrast, achieves simpler and industry‐viable fabrication of GNRs, allowing for the scale up and efficient integration of the as‐grown GNRs into devices. The recent updates in device studies are also addressed using GNRs synthesized by both the UHV method and CVD, mainly for transistor applications. Furthermore, views on the next steps and challenges in the field of on‐surface synthesized GNRs are provided.
Converting 2D Nanofiber Membranes to 3D Hierarchical Assemblies with Structural and Compositional Gradients Regulates Cell Behavior
Authors: Chen Shixuan , McCarthy Alec , John Johnson V. , Su Yajuan , Xie Jingwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNew methods are described for converting 2D electrospun nanofiber membranes to 3D hierarchical assemblies with structural and compositional gradients. Pore‐size gradients are generated by tuning the expansion of 2D membranes in different layers with incorporation of various amounts of a surfactant during the gas‐foaming process. The gradient in fiber organizations is formed by expanding 2D nanofiber membranes composed of multiple regions collected by varying rotating speeds of mandrel. A compositional gradient on 3D assemblies consisting of radially aligned nanofibers is prepared by dripping, diffusion, and crosslinking. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the 3D nanofiber assemblies with smaller pore size show significantly higher expression of hypoxia‐related markers and enhanced chondrogenic differentiation compared to BMSCs cultured on the assemblies with larger pore size. The basic fibroblast growth factor gradient can accelerate fibroblast migration from the surrounding area to the center in an in vitro wound healing model. Taken together, 3D nanofiber assemblies with gradients in pore sizes, fiber organizations, and contents of signaling molecules can be used to engineer tissue constructs for tissue repair and build biomimetic disease models for studying disease biology and screening drugs, in particular, for interface tissue engineering and modeling.
On the Role of Enthalpic and Entropic Contributions to the Conformational Free Energy Landscape of MIL‐101(Cr) Secondary Building Units
Authors: Kollias Loukas , Cantu David C. , Glezakou Vassiliki‐Alexandra , Rousseau Roger , Salvalaglio Matteo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe thermo‐structural behavior of metal‐organic framework (MOF) precursors is responsible for regulating the introduction of defects in MOF structures during synthesis. In this paper, factors affecting the flexibility of MIL‐101(Cr) half‐secondary building units (half‐SBUs) are evaluated in solution using enhanced sampling methods. In particular, entropic and enthalpic contributions to the conformational free energy landscape of isolated MIL‐101(Cr) half‐SBUs are calculated in water, in the presence and absence of ionic species (Na+ and F−), and in N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). This analysis leads to the observation that the interplay between enthalpy and entropy determines the most probable conformational state for half‐SBUs. This observation extends to the most relevant SBU intermediate, in which conformational entropy plays a key role in stabilizing configurations that differ from those found in the MIL‐101(Cr) crystal structure. The findings highlight the importance of explicitly considering entropic effects, associated with finite‐temperature sampling when estimating the relative stability of different conformers of SBUs.