bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer of repeated exposure cost via color–flavor associations
Authors: Qi Yuxuan , Zhao Hui , Wang Chujun , Wan Xiaoang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to examine whether more exposures to one attribute of a drink can lead to a decrease in the likability of another attribute of this drink. In Study 1, participants repeatedly imagined drinking a glass of colored beverage before rating the likability of certain drink flavors. The results revealed that more rounds of imagined consumption of a colored drink resulted in a decrease in the participants' liking of a color‐associated flavor. In Study 2, participants repeatedly drank the same flavored beverage without any visual cues before rating the likability of certain drink colors. The results revealed that more rounds of blindfolded consumption of a flavored drink resulted in a decrease in the participants' liking of a flavor‐associated color. Collectively, these results suggest that repeated exposure to one attribute of a drink caused a cost on the participants' preference on another attribute of this drink via color–flavor associations.Practical applicationsPeople tend to associate features across different senses, a phenomenon referred to as crossmodal correspondences. Many studies have demonstrated the positive effects of being congruent with these crossmodal correspondences, such as the facilitation on cognitive tasks or more positive evaluations of the stimuli. By contrast, the findings of the present study demonstrate the transfer of the repeated exposure cost on the participants' liking of drink products via color–flavor associations, indicative of the counterintuitively negative influence of color–flavor associations on consumer preference in a dynamic context. These findings also provide empirical evidence regarding the influence of imagery on consumers' responses to product attributes that they have not directly experienced, and shed some light on product designs in bundling.
Nanomedicine: a new paradigm to overcome drug incompatibilities
Authors: Abdelkader Ayat , Fathi Heba A , Hamad Mostafa A , Elsabahy Mahmoud 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Drug incompatibilities may compromise the safety and effectiveness of combined drugs and result in mild-to-serious clinical complications, such as catheter obstruction, loss of drug efficacy, formation of toxic derivatives and embolism. Various preventive strategies have been implemented to overcome drug incompatibilities with limited success. This review presents an innovative approach to prevent drug incompatibilities via isolating the incompatible drugs into nanostructures.

Key findings
Several examples of incompatible drugs may be loaded separately into nanostructures of various types. Physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility of the nanomaterials that are being utilized to prevent physicochemical incompatibilities should be carefully considered.

Conclusions
There is a new era of exploiting nanomaterials in overcoming various types of physicochemical incompatibilities, with additional benefits of further improvements in pharmacokinetic profiles and pharmacological actions of the administered drugs.
Azéma martingales for Bessel and CIR processes and the pricing of Parisian zero‐coupon bonds
Authors: Dassios Angelos , Lim Jia Wei , Qu Yan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the excursions of Bessel and Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) processes with dimensions . We obtain densities for the last passage times and meanders of the processes. Using these results, we prove a variation of the Azéma martingale for the Bessel and CIR processes based on excursion theory. Furthermore, we study their Parisian excursions, and generalize previous results on the Parisian stopping time of Brownian motion to that of the Bessel and CIR processes. We obtain explicit formulas and asymptotic results for the densities of the Parisian stopping times, and develop exact simulation algorithms to sample the Parisian stopping times of Bessel and CIR processes. We introduce a new type of bond, the zero‐coupon Parisian bond. The buyer of such a bond is betting against zero interest rates, while the seller is effectively hedging against a period where interest rates fluctuate around 0. Using our results, we propose two methods for pricing these bonds and provide numerical examples.
Isokinetic Strength Test of Muscle Strength and Motor Function in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Xiao‐fei , Ma Zhen‐hua , Teng Xue‐ren 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo use isokinetic strength testing system to test and analyze the relationship between changes in muscle strength before and after knee replacement in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsA total of 200 patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis treated from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected for TKA. The patient's isokinetic muscle strength test was performed in the first, third, and the sixth month before and after the operation. The knee hamstring peak torque (PT value), quadriceps peak torque (PT value), and total work were mainly measured. The knee joint was evaluated at the hospital for special surgery score, range of motion and other knee function standards, and then healthy limbs and normal people were tested with the same method. Statistical data was used to analyze and deal with the data, evaluate the muscle strength and motor function changes with time progressing, then compare the differences to the healthy limb. From P < 0.05, we can see that the differences have some statistical significance. The influences that TKA has on motor function changes of lower limbs were also observed.ResultsAmong the 200 subjects, 162 completed all follow‐up tests, and the remaining 38 were lost to follow‐up for various reasons. The rate of loss of follow‐up was approximately 19%. The isokinetic muscle strength test system and the knee joint function scoring standard were used to record the knee joint muscle strength and function changes before and after knee joint replacement. Statistical analysis was performed to show the knee joint hamstring muscle force and quadriceps muscle strength and joint mobility in the first month after the surgery. The knee joint muscle strength and joint mobility were significantly improved after the third month after the surgery, but there were still some differences compared with normal people. The knee function index was significantly improved in the sixth month after operation (P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences compared with normal people.ConclusionsKnee joint strength and knee function after TKA are significantly improved compared with preoperative function, which is of great significance for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The constant velocity muscle strength test system has the advantages of safety, accuracy, repeatability and easy operation. It is a good method to evaluate the knee joint's muscle strength and function after the knee joint replacement.
Creating healthier policies, systems, and environments: Using the CDC CHANGE tool to evaluate the impact of a coalition provided community‐based wellness program
Authors: Simpson Vicki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis manuscript describes policy, systems, and environments (PSE) changes made to support health secondary to a county‐based coalition nurse‐led program targeting vulnerable populations at five community‐based sites in a single rural Midwest county.DesignA mixed‐methods pre–post approach was used to evaluate the PSE changes occurring over a 1‐year period secondary to wellness programming.SampleFive community sites including three predominantly manufacturing worksites and two faith‐based sites were included in this study.MeasurementsThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Community Health Assessment aNd Group Evaluation tool was used to collect PSE data both at site initiation and 1 year later. Logs kept by program staff which included discussions with site leaders and program participants were also used to measure PSE changes.InterventionMonthly wellness programming which included intentional feedback to site leadership concerning participant feedback and coalition staff observations of the impact of site specific PSEs on healthy lifestyle behaviors.OutcomesPositive changes reflecting improvement in policy and environments were noted for 99.2% of the scores with a total of 13 PSE changes documented across the sites. The greatest change noted related to leadership, indicating increased commitment by site leadership to support health.
New Statistical Metrics for Multisite Replication Projects
Authors: Mathur Maya B. , VanderWeele Tyler J. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIncreasingly, researchers are attempting to replicate published original studies by using large, multisite replication projects, at least 134 of which have been completed or are on going. These designs are promising to assess whether the original study is statistically consistent with the replications and to reassess the strength of evidence for the scientific effect of interest. However, existing analyses generally focus on single replications; when applied to multisite designs, they provide an incomplete view of aggregate evidence and can lead to misleading conclusions about replication success. We propose new statistical metrics representing firstly the probability that the original study's point estimate would be at least as extreme as it actually was, if in fact the original study were statistically consistent with the replications, and secondly the estimated proportion of population effects agreeing in direction with the original study. Generalized versions of the second metric enable consideration of only meaningfully strong population effects that agree in direction, or alternatively that disagree in direction, with the original study. These metrics apply when there are at least 10 replications (unless the heterogeneity estimate τ^=0, in which case the metrics apply regardless of the number of replications). The first metric assumes normal population effects but appears robust to violations in simulations; the second is distribution free. We provide R packages (Replicate and MetaUtility).
Effect of tillage and crop management on runoff, soil erosion and organic carbon loss
Authors: Chowaniak Maciej , Głąb Tomasz , Klima Kazimierz , Niemiec Marcin , Zaleski Tomasz , Zuzek Dagmara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProper management of soil organic matter is an important issue in the context of sustainable agriculture. The intensification of production and the loss of organic carbon associated with agriculture reduce the efficiency of production and the quality of the environment, especially in relation to areas exposed to erosion. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of specific tillage systems and plant cover on the organic carbon losses, as well as on runoff and soil losses, over a 6‐year study period following the introduction of no‐till. The first factor in the experiment was the tillage system: conventional tillage (CT) and no‐till (NT). The second factor was plant cover: horse bean, spring wheat and winter oilseed rape. The results showed that runoff was 4.3 ± 0.6% higher under NT than under CT, while soil loss was 66.8 ± 2.7% lower under NT than under CT. Compared to CT, NT limited the total organic carbon losses by an average of 46.0 ± 2.9% and organic carbon bound with sediment losses by 53.2 ± 0.7%, whereas for dissolved organic carbon, there were no significant differences for the tillage systems. The anti‐erosion effectiveness of NT was lower in the first year, but it increased in subsequent years after the introduction of this tillage system. Plant cover also had a significant impact on organic carbon losses and soil protection. The crops were ranked according to runoff, soil losses and organic carbon losses in the following order from lower to higher losses: winter oilseed rape > spring wheat > horse bean.
CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 promotes ABA‐mediated inhibition of post‐germination seedling establishment
Authors: Yadukrishnan Premachandran , Rahul Puthan Valappil , Ravindran Nevedha , Bursch Katharina , Johansson Henrik , Datta Sourav 
Published: May 2020

SummaryUnder acute stress conditions, precocious seedling development may result in the premature death of young seedlings, before they switch to autotrophic growth. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits seed germination and post‐germination seedling establishment under unfavorable conditions. Various environmental signals interact with the ABA pathway to optimize these early developmental events under stress. Here, we show that light availability critically influences ABA sensitivity during early seedling development. In dark conditions, the ABA‐mediated inhibition of post‐germination seedling establishment is strongly enhanced. COP1, a central regulator of seedling development in the dark, is necessary for this enhanced post‐germination ABA sensitivity in darkness. Despite their slower germination, cop1 seedlings establish faster than wild type in the presence of ABA in both light and dark. PHY and CRY photoreceptors that inhibit COP1 activity in light modulate ABA‐mediated inhibition of seedling establishment in light. Genetically, COP1 acts downstream to ABI5, a key transcriptional regulator of ABA signaling, and does not influence the transcriptional and protein levels of ABI5 during the early post‐germination stages. COP1 promotes post‐germination growth arrest independent of the antagonistic interaction between ABA and cytokinin signaling pathways. COP1 facilitates the binding of ABI5 on its target promoters and the ABA‐mediated upregulation of these target genes is reduced in cop1‐4. Together, our results suggest that COP1 positively regulates ABA signaling to inhibit post‐germination seedling establishment under stress.
Dynamic right and left ventricular interactions in the pig
Authors: Pinsky Michael R. 
Published: May 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Are the mechanisms that cause ventricular interdependence different when due to primary right to left ventricular pressure loading?
What is the main finding and its importance?
An instantaneous selective increase in aortic pressure causes an immediate increase in right ventricular end‐systolic pressure independent of the pericardium, whereas a selective increase in pulmonary artery pressure decreases left ventricular diastolic compliance owing to a subsequent increasing right ventricular end‐diastolic volume as a function of an intact pericardium limiting biventricular volume. Changes in contraction synchrony of either ventricle do not appear to be causing these effects.
AbstractI characterized the dynamic factors determining ventricular interdependence with and without the pericardium. I measured right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) pressures and volumes simultaneously using conductance catheters in seven pentobarbitone‐anaesthetized open‐chested 5‐ to 7‐week‐old piglets. I studied these effects during apnoea, inferior vena caval occlusion and rapid partial aortic and pulmonary arterial occlusions. Conductance catheter‐defined long‐axis regional volumes were assessed to define regional contractile synchrony. Closed‐pericardium measures were made from an initial (baseline) volume, then after two 20 ml kg−1 fluid loads followed by an open‐pericardium step. Baseline RV and LV volumes were similar. Aortic occlusion increased LV pressures and volumes and RV end‐systolic pressure such that RV end‐systolic elastance increased without changes in RV contraction synchrony, not affected by the pericardium. Pulmonary artery occlusion increased RV end‐systolic pressure but not end‐systolic volume. On the subsequent beat, RV end‐diastolic pressure increased, whereas LV end‐diastolic volume and diastolic compliance decreased. These effects were attenuated by opening the pericardium. Contraction synchrony across longitudinal segments was unaltered by either aortic or pulmonary artery occlusion. I conclude that the determinants of systolic and diastolic ventricular interdependence are different. Increasing RV pressures causes diastolic RV‐to‐LV interdependence, decreasing LV diastolic compliance and dependent on an intact pericardium. An increase in LV end‐systolic pressure increases RV end‐systolic elastance independent of the pericardium and has a minimal effect on RV diastolic function or contraction synchrony.
Oral fluconazole use in the first trimester and risk of congenital malformations: population based cohort study
Authors: Zhu Yanmin , Bateman Brian T , Gray Kathryn J , Hernandez-Diaz Sonia , Mogun Helen , Straub Loreen , Huybrechts Krista F 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the risk of congenital malformations associated with exposure to oral fluconazole at commonly used doses in the first trimester of pregnancy for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingA cohort of pregnancies publicly insured in the United States, with data from the nationwide Medicaid Analytic eXtract 2000-14.ParticipantsPregnancies of women enrolled in Medicaid from three or more months before the last menstrual period to one month after delivery, and infants enrolled for three or more months after birth.InterventionsUse of fluconazole and topical azoles was established by requiring one or more prescriptions during the first trimester of pregnancy.Main outcome measuresRisk of musculoskeletal malformations, conotruncal malformations, and oral clefts (primary outcomes), associated with exposure to oral fluconazole, diagnosed during the first 90 days after delivery, were examined.ResultsThe study cohort of 1 969 954 pregnancies included 37 650 (1.9%) pregnancies exposed to oral fluconazole and 82 090 (4.2%) pregnancies exposed to topical azoles during the first trimester. The risk of musculoskeletal malformations was 52.1 (95% confidence interval 44.8 to 59.3) per 10 000 pregnancies exposed to fluconazole versus 37.3 (33.1 to 41.4) per 10 000 pregnancies exposed to topical azoles. The risks of conotruncal malformations were 9.6 (6.4 to 12.7) versus 8.3 (6.3 to 10.3) per 10 000 pregnancies exposed to fluconazole and topical azoles, respectively; risks of oral clefts were 9.3 (6.2 to 12.4) versus 10.6 (8.4 to 12.8) per 10 000 pregnancies, respectively. The adjusted relative risk after fine stratification of the propensity score was 1.30 (1.09 to 1.56) for musculoskeletal malformations, 1.04 (0.70 to 1.55) for conotruncal malformations, and 0.91 (0.61 to 1.35) for oral clefts overall. Based on cumulative doses of fluconazole, the adjusted relative risks for musculoskeletal malformations, conotruncal malformations, and oral clefts overall were 1.29 (1.05 to 1.58), 1.12 (0.71 to 1.77), and 0.88 (0.55 to 1.40) for 150 mg of fluconazole; 1.24 (0.93 to 1.66), 0.61 (0.26 to 1.39), and 1.08 (0.58 to 2.04) for more than 150 mg up to 450 mg of fluconazole; and 1.98 (1.23 to 3.17), 2.30 (0.93 to 5.65), and 0.94 (0.23 to 3.82) for more than 450 mg of fluconazole, respectively.ConclusionsOral fluconazole use in the first trimester was not associated with oral clefts or conotruncal malformations, but an association with musculoskeletal malformations was found, corresponding to a small adjusted risk difference of about 12 incidents per 10 000 exposed pregnancies overall.
Reflux symptoms and oesophageal acidification in treated achalasia patients are often not reflux related
Authors: Ponds Fraukje A , Oors Jacobus M , Smout André J P M , Bredenoord Albert J 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveAfter treatment, achalasia patients often develop reflux symptoms. Aim of this case–control study was to investigate mechanisms underlying reflux symptoms in treated achalasia patients by analysing oesophageal function, acidification patterns and symptom perception.DesignForty treated achalasia patients (mean age 52.9 years; 27 (68%) men) were included, 20 patients with reflux symptoms (RS+; Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GORDQ) ≥8) and 20 without reflux symptoms (RS−: GORDQ <8). Patients underwent measurements of oesophagogastric junction distensibility, high-resolution manometry, timed barium oesophagogram, 24 hours pH-impedance monitoring off acid-suppression and oesophageal perception for acid perfusion and distension. Presence of oesophagitis was assessed endoscopically.ResultsTotal acid exposure time during 24 hours pH-impedance was not significantly different between patients with (RS+) and without (RS−) reflux symptoms. In RS+ patients, acid fermentation was higher than in RS− patients (RS+: mean 6.6% (95% CI 2.96% to 10.2%) vs RS−: 1.8% (95% CI −0.45% to 4.1%, p=0.03) as well as acid reflux with delayed clearance (RS+: 6% (95% CI 0.94% to 11%) vs RS−: 3.4% (95% CI −0.34% to 7.18%), p=0.051). Reflux symptoms were not related to acid in both groups, reflected by a low Symptom Index. RS+ patients were highly hypersensitive to acid, with a much shorter time to heartburn perception (RS+: 4 (2–6) vs RS−:30 (14-30) min, p<0.001) and a much higher symptom intensity (RS+: 7 (4.8–9) vs RS−: 0.5 (0–4.5) Visual Analogue Scale, p<0.001) during acid perfusion. They also had a lower threshold for mechanical stimulation.ConclusionReflux symptoms in treated achalasia are rarely caused by gastro-oesophageal reflux and most instances of oesophageal acidification are not reflux related. Instead, achalasia patients with post-treatment reflux symptoms demonstrate oesophageal hypersensitivity to chemical and mechanical stimuli, which may determine symptom generation.
Personalized neoantigen-based immunotherapy for advanced collecting duct carcinoma: case report
Authors: Zeng Yongyi , Zhang Wei , Li Zhenli , Zheng Youshi , Wang Yingchao , Chen Geng , Qiu Liman , Ke Kun , Su Xiaoping , Cai Zhixiong , Liu Jingfeng , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundCollecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor with the worst prognosis among all renal cancers. Nevertheless, the first-line treatments, including chemotherapy and target therapy, usually show poor response to CDC. Recent studies have suggested that immunotherapy targeting personal tumor-specific neoantigens could be a promising strategy for several solid cancers. However, whether it has therapeutic potential in CDC remains unclear.Case presentationHere, we report a case of an Asian patient who underwent personalized neoantigen-based immunotherapy. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic CDC and suffered extensive tumor progression following sorafenib treatment. Based on the patient’s own somatic mutational profile, a total of 13 neoantigens were identified and corresponding long-peptide vaccine and neoantigen-reactive T cells (NRTs) were prepared. After six cycles of neoantigen-based vaccination and T-cell immunotherapy, the patient was reported with stable disease status in tumor burden and significant alleviation of bone pain. Ex vivo interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay proved the reactivity to 12 of 13 neoantigens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected after immunotherapy, and the preferential reactivity to mutant peptides compared with corresponding wild-type peptides was also observed for 3 of the neoantigens. Surprisingly, biopsy sample collected from CDC sites after 3 months of immunotherapy showed decreased mutant allele frequency corresponding to 92% (12/13) of the neoantigens, indicating the elimination of tumor cells carrying these neoantigens.ConclusionsOur case report demonstrated that the combined therapy of neoantigen peptide vaccination and NRT cell infusion showed certain efficacy in this CDC case, even when the patient carried only a relatively low tumor mutation burden. These results indicated that the personalized neoantigen-based immunotherapy was a promising new strategy for advanced CDC.Trial registration numberChiCTR1800017836.