bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horseradish peroxidase‐mediated functional hydrophobization of jute fabrics to enhance mechanical properties of jute/thermoplastic composites
Authors: Dong Aixue , Wu Huimin , Liu Ruirui , Wang Qiang , Fan Xuerong , Dong Zhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, nonpolar octyl gallate (OG), dodecyl gallate (DG), and octadecyl gallate (OCG) were grafted onto the surface of hydrophilic jute fabrics, which were mediated by horseradish peroxidase to improve the hydrophobicity of jute materials. The gallate‐grafted jutes were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and grafting percentage (Gp), and the hydrophobic properties were evaluated by water contact angle and wetting time measurements. The Gps determined by saponification was 3.91%, 5.12%, and 4.58% for OG, DG, and OCG, respectively. The nonpolar chain length and the grafting rate of the monomers had a considerable effect on the hydrophobicity of the modified jute fabrics. The as‐prepared hydrophobized jute fabrics had superior interfacial compatibility with nonpolar resins, such as polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) making them most suitable to be utilized in the development of jute fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites. The tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of the grafted jute/PP or jute/PLA composites were improved compared with pure PP, PLA, and non‐modified jute composites.
Polyetheretherketone implant surface functionalization technologies and the need for a transparent quality evaluation system
Authors: Schaffarczyk Dietmar , Knaus Jennifer , Peeters Gunther , Scholl Dieter , Schwitalla Andreas , Koslowski Christoph , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor bone implants, osseointegration resulting in a good and fast bone–implant contact is of primary importance to secure a proper implant function and to avoid implant loosening or inflammation resulting in necessary revision surgeries causing pain to the patients and immense costs. In particular, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a promising implant material due to the close mechanical properties to bone, but it is entirely bio‐inert, hindering osseointegration and making surface functionalization necessary. Many different surface functionalization technologies have been reported of both physical and chemical nature. The same is true for the other prominent implant materials titanium and ceramics. Although they already have inherently better osseointegration than PEEK, they are much harder and stiffer than bone and brittle in the case of ceramics. Surface functionalization, which can be subdivided into surface coating and material modification, needs to be judged from a quality and safety viewpoint. However, a literature research resulted in the realization that no quality standard yet exists for implant surface functionalizations. This makes it difficult to near impossible to compare the safety and performance of different surface‐functionalized bone implants, clearly showing the need to establish a transparent quality evaluation system for bone implants. This perspective article gives the state of the art and then develops a quality evaluation system based on six main categories as important benchmarks for the quality of surface‐functionalized bone implant materials. A simple catalog of questions can be answered, and from the resulting scores the Safety and Performance Evidence Level (SPEL) representing the safety and quality of a given implant can be calculated as a percentage. This simple SPEL system allows an easy and transparent judgment and comparison of bone implants, ensuring the easy identification of safe and well‐performing high‐quality bone implants in the future. © 2020 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Widespread multiple insecticide resistance in the major dengue vectorAedes albopictusin Hainan Province, China
Authors: Li Yiji , Zhou Guofa , Zhong Daibin , Wang Xiaoming , Hemming‐Schroeder Elizabeth , David Randy E , Lee Ming‐Chieh , Zhong Saifeng , Yi Guohui , Liu Zhuanzhuan , Cui Guzhen , Yan Guiyun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAedes albopictusis a highly invasive mosquito and has become a potential vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Insecticide‐based mosquito interventions are the main tools for vector‐borne disease control. However, mosquito resistance to insecticides is a major threat to effective prevention and control. FiveAe. albopictuspopulations across Hainan Province, China were investigated for susceptibility to multiple insecticide and resistance mechanisms.RESULTSLarval bioassays indicated that resistance to pyrethroids was common in all larval populations. Adult bioassays revealed all populations were either resistant or highly resistant to at least four of the six synthetic insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, propoxur, malathion, and DDT) tested. Pre‐exposure of mosquitoes to the synergistic agent piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased mosquito mortality by 2.4–43.3% in bioassays to DDT, malathion, and permethrin and rendered mosquito sensitive to deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, and propoxur. The frequency of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations (F1534S and F1534C) ranged from 69.8% to 89.3% and from 38.1% to 87.0% in field‐resistant and sensitive populations, respectively. F1534S mutation was significantly associated with pyrethroid resistance. No mutation was detected in the acetylcholinesterase (ace‐1) gene in the two examined populations.CONCLUSIONThis study provides evidence of widespread resistance to multiple insecticides inAe. albopictusin Hainan Province, China. Bothkdrmutations and metabolic detoxification were potential causes of insecticide resistance forAe. albopictus. Our findings highlight the need for insecticide resistance management and mosquito control measures that do not entirely depend on synthetic insecticides. © 2020 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Synthesis of Dihydromotuporamine C via 3‐Azonia‐Cope Rearrangement of 11‐Membered Cyclic α‐Vinylamine
Authors: Song Zijie , Meng Shuyu , Wang Quanrui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new synthesis of dihydromotuporamine C (dhMotC), a synthetic analogue of cytotoxic marine alkaloid, has been achieved from inexpensive starting materials. The first stage was the preparation of cyclodecanone by sequential [2+2]‐cycloaddition of N‐(1‐cycloocten‐1‐yl)pyrrolidine with methyl propiolate and electrocyclic ring‐opening, followed by basic hydrolysis. Beckmann rearrangement of cyclodecanone oxime and several step manipulations afforded the pivotal intermediate of the N‐benzylated 11‐membered cyclic α‐vinylamine. The final synthesis of dihydromotuporamine C involved tandem nucleophilic addition with ethynyl p‐tolyl sulfone and 3‐azonia‐Cope rearrangement to form the 15‐membered aza‐macrocycle and reductive amination to install the appended spermidine‐like moiety.
Fiber‐reinforced mortar for secondary roofing slabs
Authors: Venkateshwaran Akshay , Krishnan Padmaja , Liew J. Y. Richard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the feasibility of completely replacing traditional mesh reinforcement with non‐corrodible fiber‐reinforced mortar (FRM) in secondary roofing slabs. Patch‐load tests were conducted on 36 secondary roofing slabs containing mesh reinforcement, FRM with polyester or structural synthetic fibers only, or a combination of these. The ferrocement specimens carried the highest load but failed due to the sudden rupture of the steel mesh. The slabs with only polyester fibers experienced a brittle failure with low load‐carrying capacity. On the other hand, the specimens containing only structural synthetic fibers achieved the requisite residual load‐carrying capacity for secondary roofing slabs and also exhibited enhanced ductility through high flexural toughness, thereby sustaining large deflections. This study demonstrates that slabs with structural synthetic fibers alone are sufficient for practical application. The results from the test program were analyzed using yield line theory, based on the stress–strain relation for FRM recommended by the fib Model Code 2010. The first crack and residual load‐carrying capacities of the slabs were estimated with reasonable accuracy, thereby providing an analytical basis to predict the behavior of secondary roofing slabs.
Lectotypification of Banisteriopsis caapi and B. quitensis (Malpighiaceae), names associated with an important ingredient of Ayahuasca
Authors: de Oliveira Regina Célia , Sonsin‐Oliveira Júlia , dos Santos Thaís Aparecida Coelho , Simas e Silva Marcelo , Fagg Christopher William , Sebastiani Renata 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRitually used in religious ceremonies and now popular culture, Banisteriopsis caapi (≡ Banisteria caapi) is the most important ingredient in an inebriating drink known as Ayahuasca. The nomenclatural history of B. caapi and B. quitensis is presented, and both names are lectotypified.
Achievements of the Late Professor Teruaki Mukaiyama
Authors: Murakami Masahiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis essay illuminates the quintessence of the life of the late Professor Teruaki Mukaiyama, the founding editor ofThe Chemical Record. It shares first‐hand knowledge of his heartfelt and enlightening mentorship as well as his major scientific contributions to the chemical community. It will serve as an ever‐lasting message of the didactic guidance and encouragement he provided for the future generations.
Learning energy efficiency networks in Latin America: Lessons learned from the Argentinean case
Authors: Carpio Claudio F. , Recalde Marina Yesica 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe article describes the results achieved so far in the implementation of five Learning Energy Efficiency Networks (LEENs) and Energy Management Systems (EMSs) in industry, based on ISO 50001. These LEENs are a component of the Energy Efficiency Project between the European Union and the Argentinean Government (www.eficienciaenergetica.net.ar). Their objective is to implement EMS for the participants, and prepare them for certification of the ISO 50001 Standard. This EU funded Project aims to support the Government of Argentina in its efforts to modernize its energy sector through the creation of an enabling environment for energy efficiency and the facilitation of technologies and transfer of knowledge for key sectors, such as industry. The LEEN and EMS are a collaborative methodology between different industrial actors pursuing a common objective, using the exchange of experiences and receiving technical support offered by experts. These Networks have been and are being widely used in the industrial sector of Germany, where there is the largest number of Learning Networks; there are also Latin American experiences in applying Learning Networks in industrial sectors in Mexico, led by the National Commission for the Efficient Use of Energy (CONUEE). Since the initiation of the Project in Argentina, this concept has been applied to about 60 industrial companies distributed in five regional networks. The article concludes with the implementation and results of these networks so far in Argentina, along with suggestions on designing future strategies for LEENs, promoting their expansion all over the industrial sector in Latin America.This article is categorized under:
Energy Efficiency > Climate and Environment
Simultaneous recovery of ammonium and total phosphorus from toilet tail water by modified palygorskite–bentonite clay
Authors: Sun Shengguang , Ji Guixia , Lv Yicheng , Liu Hongbo , Hu Tao , Chen Zhongbing , Xu Suyun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSuitable treatment of toilet sewage is a worldwide challenge. The anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR)–microbial fuel cell (MFC)–microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) (AMM) coupling treatment system has been constructed achieving effective removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus from toilet sewage and resource recovery; however, ammonium (NH4+‐N) and total phosphorus (TP) accumulation in tail water is a found problem of the system. In this study, acid‐modified and alkali‐heat modified palygorskite–bentonite (Pal‐Ben) were used to recover NH4+‐N and TP from the AMM toilet tail water simultaneously. The higher adsorption capacity of the modified clay is attributed to the changes of surface structure of the material. The modified clay Pal‐Ben (mass ratio 1:3) activated with alkali performed the highest NH4+‐N and TP recovery rates of 83.6% and 85.5%, respectively. The adsorption of NH4+‐N was more in line with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and confirmed to be a chemical adsorption process, while the adsorption of TP was more in line with the pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and a physical adsorption process; the adsorption capacity of NH4+‐N accelerated with decrease of TP removal when pH increased. This study developed a low cost and high capacity of alkaline thermally modified clay removing/recovering NH4+‐N and TP from toilet tail water simultaneously.Practitioner points

A cheap composite clay was developed to recover nitrogen and phosphorus from toilet tail water simultaneously.
The low costs and high capacity of alkaline thermally modified clay make it stand out in NH4+‐N and TP removal of toilet tail water.
The process mechanism of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus recovery was clarified with characterization and kinetic model fitting.
The used clay loaded with nutrients could be applied as a slow‐release compound fertilizer for soil improvement.
Urban water security in South Asia: Crucial policy lessons from the Nepalese town of Bidur
Authors: Ojha Hemant , Neupane Kaustuv R. , Khatri Dil , Devkota Kamal , Maskey Gyanu , Dahal Ngamindra , Joshi Tikeshwari , Kovacs Eszter K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe rapidly urbanizing and highly populated South Asian region is facing a water crisis. As a key response, large centralized water systems are being put in place, replacing small and community‐based systems. In this discussion note, we present the case of Nepal's town of Bidur to show that Himalayan South Asian towns cannot ensure water supply by neglecting community‐based and small‐scale water supply systems. Using insights from qualitative and quantitative data collected during 2014–2019, we argue that decentralized and community‐based urban water systems are more resilient than large ones during disasters. Our argument is based on the analysis of Bidur's response to the 2015 earthquake as well as the COVID‐19 pandemic. We show that a mixed approach of large and small water supply schemes provides a promising solution to water insecurity in the South Asian towns. This approach can be realized by promoting diversity of water management strategies and creating research‐informed planning and discussion forums at the community and municipality levels. We also recommend municipalities to formulate a comprehensive water security strategy, considering the current and future scenarios of water demand and supply.
Trends in agricultural production as influenced by growth in irrigation resources in India
Authors: Singh Gyanendra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe majority of the people in rural areas of India depend upon agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. Due to limited irrigation facilities, productivity has been very, very low and the country depended upon the importation of food. An analysis has been made to study the effect of measures that have been taken to promote the growth of agriculture, especially irrigation facilities. The total area under irrigation in 1950–51 from all the sources was 20.85 million hectare (mha) and as a result, food grains production was only 51 million tonnes with an all‐India average yield of 522 kg/ha. This has increased to 281.37 m tonnes in 2018–19 and horticulture production has increased to 314.47 m tonnes during the same period. Average rainfall in India is 1,170 mm, but it is highly erratic and unevenly distributed across the country with high‐intensity storms interspersed with long dry spells. This affects agricultural production. Surface and groundwater have both been exploited to increase the irrigation facilities. Quality seeds, fertilizer, plant protection measures, farm energy, mechanization, and minimum support price contributed to the growth in agriculture. Water arresting in catchment areas, increasing groundwater recharge, water storage, channelization, and distribution, and reducing water wastage in irrigation systems are to be promoted to enhance water availability.
Flavour effects in gravitational leptogenesis
Authors: Samanta Rome , Datta Satyabrata 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Within the Type-I seesaw mechanism, quantum effects of the right-handed (RH) neutrinos in the gravitational background lead to an asymmetric propagation of lepton and anti-leptons which induces a Ricci scalar and neutrino Dirac-Yukawa coupling dependent chemical potential and therefore a lepton asymmetry in equilibrium. At high temperature, lepton number violating scattering processes try to maintain a dynamically generated lepton asymmetry in equilibrium. However, when the temperature drops down, the interactions become weaker, and the asymmetry freezes out. The frozen out asymmetry can act as a pre-existing asymmetry prior to the standard Fukugita-Yanagida leptogenesis phase (Ti ∼ Mi, where Mi is the mass of ith RH neutrino). It is then natural to consider the viability of gravitational leptogenesis for a given RH mass spectrum which is not consistent with successful leptogenesis from decays. Primary threat to this gravity-induced lepton asymmetry to be able to successfully reproduce the observed baryon-to-photon ratio is the lepton number violating washout processes at Ti ∼ Mi. In a minimal seesaw set up with two RH neutrinos, these washout processes are strong enough to erase a pre-existing asymmetry of significant magnitude. We show that when effects of flavour on the washout processes are taken into account, the mechanism opens up the possibility of successful leptogenesis (gravitational) for a mass spectrum M2 » 109GeV » M1 with M1 ≳ 6.3 × 106 GeV. We then briefly discuss how, in general, the mechanism leaves its imprints on the low energy CP phases and absolute light neutrino mass scale.
Phenomenology of combined resummation for Higgs and Drell-Yan
Authors: Rabemananjara Tanjona R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the phenomenological impact of a recently suggested formalism for the combination of threshold and a so-called threshold-improved transverse momentum resummation, by using it to improve the fixed-order results. This formalism allows for a systematic improvement of the transverse momentum resummation that is valid in the entire range of pT by the inclusion of the threshold contribution. We use the Borel method as a suitable prescription for defining the inverse Mellin and Fourier transforms in the context of combined resummed expression. The study is applied to two QCD processes, namely the Higgs boson produced via gluon fusion and Z boson production via the Drell-Yan mechanism. We compare our results to the standard transverse momentum resummation, as well as to the fixed-order results. We find that the threshold-improved transverse momentum resummation leads to faster perturbative convergence at small pT while the inclusion of threshold resummation improves the agreement with fixed-order calculations at medium and large pT. These effects are more pronounced in the case of Higgs which is known to have slower perturbative convergence.
Bilateral adrenal enhancement revised—adrenal-to-spleen ratio as an appropriate mortality predictor
Authors: Winzer Robert , Martin Ron , Kaiser Daniel , Baldus Jan Christian , Hoberück Sebastian , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Fedders Dieter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate whether adrenal gland radiodensities alone or set in relation to either the inferior vena cava (IVC) or the spleen can predict hospital mortality in intensive care unit patients.

Methods
One hundred thirty-three intensive care patients (90 males, age: 66.3 ± 14.5 years) with an acute clinical deterioration were included in this retrospective analysis. CT attenuation (Hounsfield units) of adrenal glands, IVC, and spleen was evaluated by 2 radiologists separately. Adrenal-to-IVC and adrenal-to-spleen ratios were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, combined with the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) as a classifier, was used to assess which parameter is the most suitable for short-term, intermediate-term, and overall mortality prediction. Interrater agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
The highest discriminative power to distinguish between deceased and survivors was found for the adrenal gland-to-spleen ratio for the 72-h mortality. A threshold of > 1.4 predicted 72-h mortality with a sensitivity of 79.31% and a specificity of 98.08% (area und the curve (AUC) = 0.94; p < 0.0001; MCCs = 0.81). The positive likelihood ratio was 41; the positive predictive value was 92.20%. Adrenal gland-to-spleen ratio was also best suited to predict the 24-h and overall mortality. ICCs of HU measurements in adrenal gland, IVC, and spleen indicated a high interrater agreement (ICC 0.95–0.99).

Conclusions
To conclude, the adrenal-to-spleen ratio in CT in portal venous phase may serve as an imaged-based predictor for short, intermediate, and overall mortality and as reproducible prognostic marker for patient outcome.
Large body size variation is associated with low communication success in tandem running ants
Authors: Wagner Thomas , Bachenberg Lena , Glaser Simone M. , Oikonomou Avgousta , Linn Melissa , Grüter Christoph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiversity in animal groups is often assumed to increase group performance. In insect colonies, genetic, behavioural and morphological variation among workers can improve colony functioning and resilience. However, it has been hypothesized that during communication processes, differences between workers, e.g. in body size, could also have negative effects. Tandem running is a common recruitment strategy in ants and allows a leader to guide a nestmate follower to resources. A substantial proportion of tandem runs fail because leader and follower lose contact. Using the antTemnothorax nylanderias a model system, we tested the hypothesis that tandem running success is impaired if leader and follower differ in size. Indeed, we found that the success rate of tandem pairs drops considerably as size variation increases: tandem runs were unsuccessful when the leader–follower size difference exceeded 10%, whereas ~ 80% of tandem runs were successful when ants differed less than 5% in body length. Possible explanations are that size differences are linked to differences in walking speed or sensory perception. Ants did not choose partners of similar size, but extranidal workers were larger than intranidal workers, which could reduce recruitment mistakes because it reduced the chance that very large and very small ants perform tandem runs together. Our results suggest that phenotypic differences between interacting workers can have negative effects on the efficiency of communication processes. Whether phenotypic variation has positive or negative effects is likely to depend on the task and the phenotypic trait that shows variation.Significance statementDiversity is often assumed to increase colony performance in social insects. However, phenotypic differences among workers could also have negative effects, e.g. during communication. Tandem running is a common recruitment strategy in ants, but tandem runs often fail when ants lose contact. We used the antTemnothorax nylanderito test the hypothesis that body size differences between tandem leader and follower impair tandem communication. We show that the success rate of tandem pairs drops considerably as size variation increases, possibly because ants of varying size also differ in walking speed. Our study supports the hypothesis that phenotypic variation among workers might not always be beneficial and can negatively impact the efficiency of communication processes.