bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features, Gender Differences, Disease Course, and Outcome in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Singh Nishita , Bhatia Rohit , Bali Prerna , Sreenivas V , Padma M V , Goyal Vinay , Saxena Rohit , Dash Deepa , Garg Ajay , Joseph S. Leve 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an astrocytopathy with a predilection for the optic nerve, spinal cord, and brainstem. In this ambispective study, we evaluate clinical characteristics, responses to therapy, and disability outcomes in patients with NMOSD.

Methods:
Patients diagnosed as NMOSD and following up for at least 1 year at a tertiary care center in India were recruited. Patient data were collected ambispectively from January 2012 until December 2018.

Results:
A total of 106 patients (29M/77F) with NMOSD were evaluated. The mean age of onset was 29 (±11.6) years. About 77 patients (72.64%) were positive for the AQP4 antibody. Age of onset was higher for those presenting with an opticospinal syndrome (34.2 years) as compared to either isolated longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) (30 years) or optic neuritis (ON) (25.3 years). The most common syndrome at onset was LETM in 57 patients (53.77%) followed by ON in 31 patients (29.24%). Azathioprine was the most common immunotherapy (83.96%) prescribed followed by rituximab (7.54%) and mycophenolate mofetil (1.88%). There was a significant decrease in the number of relapses post-azathioprine (P < 0.001). Out of 67 patients with ON, 21 (31.34%) had complete recovery while 17 (25.37%) patients had a severe deficit at a 3-month follow-up. Out of 92 patients with a motor deficit, 49 (53.26%) patients had a partial motor deficit at a 6-month follow-up. The severe visual deficit at baseline and female gender predicted poor visual and motor recovery, respectively.

Conclusion:
This is the largest descriptive study on patients with NMOSD from India. Relapse rates were similar irrespective of the clinical presentation, age, gender, and disease course. Treatment with immunosuppressive treatment significantly affected the disease course.
Pulse Oximeter with Longer Averaging Time and Missed Chronic Hypoxia in Preterm Infants
Authors: Alharbi Nasser Saleh , Al-Katari Ahmad S. , Al-Tirkawi Khalid , Al-Faki Wafa , Al-Ghamdi Mohammad , Iqbal Shaikh M. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Targeted oxygen saturation in preterm infants has been an area of debate for decades. Mild chronic hypoxia exposes some infants to significant comorbidities like pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). The pulse oximeters vary in technical properties and setting; pulse oximeters with shorter SpO2 averaging time may provide a more accurate oxygen assessment.

Aim:
To evaluate the readiness of preterm infants for discharge based on the current unit's protocol which uses standard pulse oximetry with an averaging time of 20s, as opposed to a pulse oximeter with a shorter averaging time (2s).

Methods:
The study was a prospective observational pilot study included all infants <32 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) with no cardiovascular or respiratory pathology other than related to prematurity, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and persistent ductus arteriosus. All infants underwent Echocardiography studies after the 2nd week of life and after 36 weeks to exclude PAH. All infants older than 36 weeks PMA who were off oxygen and ready to be discharged home as per unit's protocol underwent final oxygen assessment for a minimum of 6 h using motion resistant oximeter with a SpO2 short averaging time of 2s.

Results:
Thirty-five infants underwent the oxygen pulse oximetry testing. Of them, 42% were found to have chronic hypoxia (defined as 5% of recorded time with SpO2 ≤ 90%) and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for BPD.

Conclusions:
A significant number of infants at 36 weeks' PMA with chronic hypoxia were missed using the current unit's oxygen assessment. With the prevalence being higher in infants diagnosed with BPD, a future study must be conducted to investigate the correlation between missed chronic hypoxia in infants with BPD and late-onset PAH.
Injection Laryngoplasty in the Treatment of Vocal Cord Sulcus Vocalis
Authors: Bukhari Manal A , Al-Amro Mariam S. , Al Harethy Sami E. , Malki Khalid H. , Mesallam Tamer A. , Farahat Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
The objective is to review all cases of sulcus vocalis that were treated surgically with injection laryngoplasty and study their demographic data, ways of presentation, endoscopic evaluation, modality of treatment, and voice outcome.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study of 60 patients with sulcus vocalis who were treated surgically at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Saud University. The collected data included information on gender, age, symptoms, time of onset, endoscopic examination, surgical management, and voice outcome.

Results:
A total of 60 patients were included in this study, of which 53.3% were male and 46.7% were female. The mean age was 27.4 (11.06 standard deviation). Childhood presentation was positive in 61.7% of the cases and 8.3% had family history. There was a significant improvement in postoperative glottal gap and voice handicap index (VHI) after injection laryngoscopy and there were many positive significant correlations. The first correlation was between the preoperative and postoperative glottal gap (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.368). The second was between preoperative VHI and postoperative glottal gap (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.595). The third was between preoperative and postoperative VHI (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.832). The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 5 years.

Conclusion:
Injection laryngoplasty is a promising surgical modality of treatment for sulcus vocalis, which shows significant improvement in voice outcome postoperatively. The management is still challenging and there is still no unified method for treating such condition.
Assujettissement et normes dans la poésie lyrique amoureuse d’Amérique latine. Lecture butlerienne
Authors: VENTURA Antoine 
Published: January 2021

Dans ses analyses sur la construction du sexe, du genre et, de manière plus générale, des identités, Judith Butler fait une place de choix aux normes, en s’intéressant aux brèches laissées au sujet par le pouvoir dans la réitération même des normes qui donnent lieu à des possibilités d’opposition. Mon propos est de réfléchir sur ce qui se joue au sein de discours lyriques amoureux contemporains d’Amérique latine énoncés par des femmes (de Delmira Agustini à Cristina Peri Rossi), que ces discours s’en tiennent à la tradition poétique canonique, qu’ils interrogent certaines normes de genre, ou qu’ils rejettent un tel débat par une théâtralisation anti-normative qui ne laisse aucune place à « l’hégémonie hétérosexuelle ». Les questions que soulève cet examen sont celles des conditions de possibilité d’une déconstruction de traditions littéraires et d’un discours lyrique amoureux qui n’implique pas de réitérer les rapports dissymétriques entre « femmes » et « hommes ».
Padrões de contração glabelar e a utilização da toxina Botulínica – UPDATE
Authors: Rodrigues Adriana Novaes 
Published: January 2021

Introdução: A atividade muscular na glabela provoca rugas perpendiculares à direção de contração dos músculos, mas os padrões de contração glabelar ainda não foram adequadamente classificados, nas diversas etnias. Objetivo: Revisar os padrões de contração glabelar encontrados em etnias diferentes e a sugestão mais plausível de uso de toxina botulínica. Métodos: Foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos em bases indexadas MEDLINE e LILACS, utilizando os descritores: Toxina botulínica A, linhas glabelares, rítides glabelares, rugas glabelares, padrões de rugas.
Resultados: Seis padrões foram identificados. A classificação permitiu identificar os músculos mais importantes em cada padrão de contração. Discussão/conclusão: Existem diferenças interpessoais na mímica facial e a classificação das rugas glabelares permite tratamento mais acurado e individualizado com a toxina botulínica.
Comparative Study of Jeevantyadiyamaka Lepa and Vipadikahar Lepa in the Management of Vipadika
Authors: Raghuwanshi Bhushan , Ade Vinod 
Published: January 2021

The skin diseases many times are not a cause for any mortality; they make the patient worried due to its external appearance. Even though many skin diseases may be cured yet but few diseases (eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis etc.) makes it much irritation for patient and troubles some for treating physician too. And severe itching or burning or oozing disturbs his/her day to day life. Vipadika is one among the Kshudra Kushta. It is also one among the vatajananatmaja vikara which is commonly prevalent, which in chronicity gives maximum pain to the sufferer. All the patients of group A & group B were provided with a container of “Jeevantyadi yamaka lepa” & Vipadikahar lepa respectively of 50 gms for 15 days and later again 50 gms for next 15 days, for total 30 days. Jeevantyadi yamaka lepa alone (group A) is effective in the management of vipadika with highly significant result from good to encouraging results. Vipadikahar lepa (Group B) is very effective in the management of vipadika with highly significant results from encouraging to excellent result. Group B therapy is more effective than Group A therapy.
A Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical study of Sookshma Eladi Choornam
Authors: B Harinatha Chary , Rajagopal Manu , S Pavan Kumar , S Gnana Prasuna 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Sookshma Eladi choornam is one of the Ayurvedic formulations specially mentioned for Kaphaja Hridroga in Hridroga prakarana of Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Dhamani pratichaya (Atherosclerosis) is one of the diseases of Kaphaja nanatmaja vaydhi which is the more important cause for Ischemic Heart Disease. The cause for Atherosclerosis could be Hyperlipidemias. Eladi choornam is a compound preparation which contains powders of Sookshma ela (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) and Pippali moolam (root of Piper longum L.,). As these drugs are Katu vipaka in nature they can be used in Hyerlipidemia. To know the efficacy of the drugs their quality parameters are highly essential to manufacture in the large scale. Method: The present study deals with the Pharmacognostical and phyto-chemical study of Sookshma eladi choornam including Thin Layer chromatography study (TLC) as per the standard literature. Result: Consistency of Sookshma eladi choornam is fine powder. Colour was brown, odour was aromatic spicy smell, Taste was pungent, touch was smooth powder form, Qualitative study showed that pH is 4.9, total ash value 12 %, loss on drying is 4.5%, Water soluble matter17%, Alcohol soluble matter 8%, Acid insoluble ash 8.5%. Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) revealed one yellow spot. Dissolution time is 4 minutes and Moisture content was 8%. Phytochemicals as Alkaloids, Glycosides, Tannins, Flavonoids and Phenols were found. Conclusion: Pharmacognostical, phyto-chemical and TLC studies inferred that the formulation meets the minimum quality standards. The study may be used as reference standard in the further quality control researches.
Quality Control Assessment of an Ayurvedic Medicine - Durvadi Ghrita
Authors: Kamaliya Sangita , B Vaghela D , R Harisha C , J Shukla V 
Published: January 2021

Background: Durvadi Ghrita is a Sneha Kalpana which is claimed to be effective in Madhumehajanya Timira (Diabetic Retinopathy). In present study, it has been used for Nasya. Objective: Present study was planned to look out on herbal drugs used in the preparation of Durvadi Ghrita and standardization of drug by pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters and HPTLC evaluation. Methods: Identification and authentication of all the raw drug was done by pharmacognostical study i.e. morphological characters, organoleptic characters and powder microscopy. Physicochemical evaluation and HPTLC of final product were done. Results: Pharmacognostical study of all the raw drugs of Durvadi Ghrita showed presence of oil globule, prismatic crystals of Durva. Lignified branched trichome, pollen grains of Utpala Kinjalaka. Trichome, border pitted vessels of Manjishtha. Collenchyma cells, border pitted vessel of Elvaluka. Lignified fibres, oil globules of Sita. Pitted fibres, pitted vessels of Usheera. Scalariform vessels, prismatic crystals of Musta. Pitted vessels and lignified fibres, crystal fibres of Chandana. Lignified cork, and stone cells of Padmaka etc. Pharmaceutical evaluation of Durvadi Ghrita showed results Specific Gravity 0.9125, Refractive Index 1.47, Acid Value 0.4608, Iodine Value 11.45 and Saponification Value 128.856. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, 12 spots were found at 254 nm and five spots were found at 366 nm. Conclusion: Identification and authentication of herbal drug used in the preparation of Durvadi Ghrita has been done. Pharmacognostical and physicochemical evaluation of prepared drug has been carried out which can be further useful for standardization of Durvadi Ghrita and other clinical researches.
Georgia in the context of the European educational area
Authors: DARCHASHVİLİ Manana 
Published: January 2021

In Georgia, the issue of education has always been a priority for the government of all times, with a focus on further development. In 2005, when Georgia joined the Bologna Process, significant reforms were made in the higher education system. Higher education programs are described in the European Credit Transfer System. Accordingly, the diploma supplement is approved following the rules developed in Europe.
The paper examines the compatibility of the country's education system with the law, according to which the existing higher education institutions must comply with both internal and external quality assurance mechanisms. The external quality assurance system of Georgia consists of authorization and program accreditation, and external quality assurance is provided by LEPL National Center for Education Quality Development.
The paper presents the ways and means of Georgia’s firm establishment in the European educational space and the contribution of the National Center for Quality Development in Education so that the quality of education received in Georgia fully meets national and international requirements.
Implementing Lessons Learned from Past Versions of the Philippine National Unified Health Research Agenda
Authors: Otayza Maria Lourdes K. , De Veyra Chiqui M. , Lopez Jaifred Christian F. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Considering the scope and magnitude of the National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA), the implementation of the agenda requires adequate planning. Reviewing the implementation of the first and second versions of NUHRA, implemented from 2006 to 2010 and from 2011 to 2016 respectively, is thus useful in identifying potential challenges for implementing the current version.
Objectives. This article aimed to 1) describe strategies employed in the previous NUHRAs,2) describe uptake of the previous NUHRAs; and 3) identify lessons learned from the implementation of NUHRA 1 and 2.
Methods. Review of the NUHRA 1 and 2 evaluation reports and minutes of PNHRS Research Agenda Committee meeting was conducted. Interviews with PCHRD division head and staff and representatives from the academe and regional consortia were also conducted.
Results. A total of 96 of the 422 NUHRA 1 priorities were implemented, while 45 of the 56 NUHRA 2 priorities were implemented. While NUHRA 1 implementation was delegated to numerous agencies, dissemination was conducted primarily by PCHRD through launch events and fora. Implementation of the NUHRA 2 was delegated only to the four core agencies of the PNHRS, with each agency employing different strategies for the dissemination of the NUHRA 2.
Conclusion. Involvement of agencies beyond the core of PNHRS may be the better direction for implementation of the current NUHRA. Strong support and commitment of the core agencies will be key in the effective implementation of the NUHRA.
TIÃOZINHO E MIGUILIM: A REPRESENTAÇÃO DA INFÂNCIA EM MUNDOS FICCIONAIS DE GUIMARÃES ROSA
Authors: Sirino Salete Paulina Machado , Fortes Rita Felix 
Published: January 2021

Neste estudo, estabelece-se uma correlação entre a infância representada nos mundos ficcionais Conversa de Bois e Campo Geral, de João Guimarães Rosa, com o conceito sociológico de infância advindo da tradição europeia, abordados por Elizabeth Badinter, que traça o percurso histórico da concepção de infância que muda ao longo do tempo. Tal conceito se entranha à cultura brasileira e foi renitente e tardia a modernização, conforme analisa Gilberto Freyre – cujo autor aborda a condição da criança brasileira ao longo do período colonial e imperial. Condição esta que, nas regiões mais isoladas – como é o caso do planalto central brasileiro – perdurou quase imutável até as primeiras décadas do século XX. E, ainda, visando destacar a passagem precoce de menino a “homem” de Tiãozinho e de Miguilim, respectivamente, protagonistas nas referidas obras rosianas, a análise pauta-se nos estudos sobre o valor simbólico do rito de passagem de Mircea Eliade.
PRÁTICAS DE ESCRITA EM AULAS DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NA VOZ DE ALUNOS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: FISCHER Adriana , SILVA Elizângela Aparecida Mattes da 
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, a partir de enunciados de alunos, situações de produção em práticas de escrita, de aulas de Língua Portuguesa (LP) do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola municipal do Alto Vale do Itajaí, SC. Os enunciados integram uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, sob a perspectiva dialógica da linguagem. Os dados advêm de entrevista coletiva semiestruturada realizada com alunos de um 6º e um 9º ano em 2014. Os resultados indicam que, para esses alunos, as produções de escrita são comumente respostas a uma prática social escolarizada. Por outro lado, tais propostas de escrita passam a ser mais significativas quando construídas em momentos de interação em sala de aula, ao se inserirem no cotidiano desses alunos e ao serem desenvolvidas para além de atividades com fins de atribuição de nota.REFERÊNCIASANTUNES, I. Aula de Português: encontro e interação. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2003. BAKHTIN, M. Estética da criação verbal. 4. ed. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2003.BAKHTIN, M. Problemas da Poética de Dostoiévski. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 1997.BAKHTIN, M.; VOLOCHINOV, V. N. Marxismo e filosofia da linguagem. 11. ed. São Paulo: Hucitec, 2004. BOGDAN, R.; BIKLEN, S. Investigação qualitativa em educação: uma introdução à teoria e aos métodos. Portugal: Porto, 1994.BRASIL. Secretaria de Educação Fundamental. Parâmetros curriculares nacionais: terceiro e quarto ciclos do ensino fundamental: Língua Portuguesa. Brasília: MEC/SEF, 1998.BUNZEN, C. Da era da composição à era dos gêneros: o ensino de produção de texto no ensino médio. In: BUNZEN, C.; MENDONÇA, M. (Orgs.). Português no ensino médio e formação do professor. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2006. p. 139-161AUTOR 1; A., xxxxx Rev. Bakhtiniana, 2013.GERALDI, J. W. Portos de passagem. 4. ed. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1991.GERALDI, J. W. O texto na sala de aula. 3. ed. São Paulo: Ática, 2001.KLEIMAN, B. A. Letramentos e suas implicações para o professor de língua materna. Revista Siano. Santa Cruz do Sul. v. 32, n. 53, p. 1-25, dez. 2007. KRAMER, S. Entrevistas coletivas: uma alternativa para lidar com diversidade, hierarquia e poder na pesquisa em ciências humanas. In: FREITAS, M. T; SOUZA, S. J.; KRAMER, S. Ciências humanas e pesquisa. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2007. p.57-71.PRETI D. (org) O discurso oral culto 2.ed. São Paulo: Humanitas Publicações – FFLCH USP, 1999 – (Projetos Paralelos. v.2)Recebido em 21-12-2017 e aceito em 06-08-2018.
Evaluation Approach: Practice-Focused Middle School Science Modules
Authors: Newton Sunni , Alemdar Meltem , Koval Jayma , Gale Jessica , Grossman Sabrina , Wind Stefanie , Ryan Mike , Usselman Marion 
Published: January 2021

Advanced Manufacturing and Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP) is a National Science Foundation (NSF) funded K-12 Math & Science Partnership (MSP) project with a goal of promoting math, science, and engineering learning through STEM integration-focused curricula. As part of this project, curriculum writers developed one-week modules providing instruction on a set of STEM practices within the context of the appropriate grade-level content. These STEM practices are Experimental Design, Data Visualization, and Data-Driven Decision Making; the emphasis of each of these practices is, respectively, the collection of data, the representation of data, and the use of data to support complex decision-making. Nine of these one-week modules were created in the science domain, one focused on each practice at grade levels 6, 7, and 8. A parallel set of nine modules in the math domain were also created. In this paper, we will focus on our assessment of the implementation of these modules across four middle schools. We will present our methodology for assessing this complex instructional effort. Data sources included online implementation surveys, teachers’ on-line posts, as well as classroom observations. Findings were triangulated across these multiple data sources to provide detailed insights into curriculum functioning and teacher experiences. We will also provide some results from pre-post assessments of student learning, which were written for a subset of the science modules. Overall, the results indicate positive teacher experiences as well as significant increases in student learning in some modules. Findings from these data sources were used by curriculum developers to inform later iterations of the modules.
Recruitment of Science and Mathematics Teachers: Review of Literature and Analysis of Findings From Three Years Efforts of A Recruitment
Authors: Demir Kadir , Gul Tugce , Czerniak Charlene 
Published: January 2021

Across the US, many school districts are finding increasing difficulties to fill the ranks of their science and mathematics teaching staff with highly qualified teachers. To alleviate the problem, several national policies, such as the No Child Left Behind Act and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, have been enacted to improve the quality of education while reducing teacher shortages. Consequently, many agencies, such as the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Dept. of Education, and the U.S. Dept. of Energy, to name a few, have awarded large grants to universities and other organizations to implement math and science teacher recruitment programs and prepare them to deliver high quality instruction. These programs vary in terms of their target populations (high school students, undergraduates, graduates, or career changers), the type and frequency of the early teaching experience provided, the academic and financial support systems, and the public relations campaigns regarding the rewarding aspects of becoming a science or mathematics teacher. Given the urgency of the national math and science teacher shortage and the high cost of these programs, examining their impact is critical. In this paper, we present findings from three years efforts of a science and mathematics teachers recruitment program to start mapping the landscape of teacher recruitment. Our discussion and implications suggest that… program’s focus was on recruiting students at all career levels (direct from high school, transfer from community college, change of major, and career changers).