bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of β‐catenin levels regulates cranial neural crest patterning and dispersal into first pharyngeal arch
Authors: Javali Alok , Lakshmanan Vairavan , Palakodeti Dasaradhi , Sambasivan Ramkumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundVertebrate cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) are multipotent, proximal to the source CNCC form the cranial ganglia. Distally, in the pharyngeal arches, they give rise to the craniofacial skeleton and connective tissues. Fate choices are made as CNCC pattern into distinct destination compartments. In spite of this importance, the mechanism patterning CNCC is poorly defined.ResultsHere, we report that a novel β‐catenin‐dependent regulation of N‐Cadherin levels may drive CNCC patterning. In mouse embryos, at the first pharyngeal arch axial level, membrane β‐catenin levels correlate with the extent of N‐cadherin‐mediated adhesion and thus suggest the presence of collective and dispersed states of CNCC. Using in vitro human neural crest model and chemical modulators of β‐catenin levels, we show a requirement for down‐modulating β‐catenin for regulating N‐cadherin levels and cell‐cell adhesion. Similarly, in β‐catenin gain‐of‐function mutant mouse embryos, CNCC fail to lower N‐cadherin levels. This indicates a failure to reduce cell‐cell adhesion, which may underlie the failure of mutant CNCC to populate first pharyngeal arch.ConclusionWe suggest that β‐catenin‐mediated regulation of CNCC adhesion, a previously underappreciated mechanism, underlies the patterning of CNCC into fate‐specific compartments.
The Sonozotz project: Assembling an echolocation call library for bats in a megadiverse country
Authors: Zamora‐Gutierrez Veronica , Ortega Jorge , Avila‐Flores Rafael , Aguilar‐Rodríguez Pedro Adrián , Alarcón‐Montano Martín , Avila‐Torresagatón Luis Gerardo , Ayala‐Berdón Jorge , Bolívar‐Cimé Beatriz , Briones‐Salas Miguel , Chan‐Noh Martha , Chávez‐Cauich Manuel , Chávez Cuauhtémoc , Cortés‐Calva Patricia , Cruzado Juan , Cuevas Jesús Carlo , Del Real‐Monroy Melina , Elizalde‐Arellano Cynthia , García‐Luis Margarita , García‐Morales Rodrigo , Guerrero José Antonio , Guevara‐Carrizales Aldo A. , Gutiérrez Edgar G. , Hernández‐Mijangos Luis Arturo , Ibarra‐López Martha Pilar , Iñiguez‐Dávalos Luis Ignacio , León‐Madrazo Rafael , López‐González Celia , López‐Téllez M. Concepción , López‐Vidal Juan Carlos , Martínez‐Balvanera Santiago , Montiel‐Reyes Fernando , Murrieta‐Galindo Rene , Orozco‐Lugo Carmen Lorena , Pech‐Canché Juan M. , Pérez‐Pérez Lucio , Ramírez‐Martínez María Magdalena , Rizo‐Aguilar Areli , Robredo‐Esquivelzeta Everardo , Rodas‐Martínez Alba Z. , Rojo‐Cruz Marcial Alejandro , Selem‐Salas Celia Isela , Uribe‐Bencomo Elena , Vargas‐Contreras Jorge A. , MacSwiney G. M. Cristina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBat acoustic libraries are important tools that assemble echolocation calls to allow the comparison and discrimination to confirm species identifications. The Sonozotz project represents the first nation‐wide library of bat echolocation calls for a megadiverse country. It was assembled following a standardized recording protocol that aimed to cover different recording habitats, recording techniques, and call variation inherent to individuals. The Sonozotz project included 69 species of echolocating bats, a high species richness that represents 50% of bat species found in the country. We include recommendations on how the database can be used and how the sampling methods can be potentially replicated in countries with similar environmental and geographic conditions. To our knowledge, this represents the most exhaustive effort to date to document and compile the diversity of bat echolocation calls for a megadiverse country. This database will be useful to address a range of ecological questions including the effects of anthropogenic activities on bat communities through the analysis of bat sound.
Interspecific comparison of the fecal microbiota structure in three Arctic migratory bird species
Authors: Cho Hyunjun , Lee Won Young 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe gut microbiota of birds is known to be characterized for different species, although it may change with feeding items. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota of birds with different feeding behaviors in the same habitat. We collected fecal samples from three Arctic species, snow buntings Plectrophenax nivalis, sanderlings Calidris alba, and pink‐footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus that are phylogenetically quite distant in different families to evaluate effects of diet on gut microbiota. Also, we characterized the prevalence of fecal bacteria using the Illumina MiSeq platform to sequence bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Our NMDS results showed that fecal bacteria of snow buntings and sanderlings were significantly distant from those of pink‐footed geese. Although all three birds were occupied by three bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, dominant taxa still varied among the species. Our bacterial sequences showed that snow buntings and sanderlings were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while pink‐footed geese were dominated by Proteobacteria. In addition, the bacterial diversity in snow buntings and sanderlings was significantly higher than that in pink‐footed geese. Our results suggest that insectivorous feeding diet of snow buntings and sanderlings could be responsible for the similar bacterial communities between the two species despite the distant phylogenetic relationship. The distinctive bacterial community in pink‐footed geese was discussed to be related with their herbivorous diet.
Sika deer presence affects the host–parasite interface of a Japanese land leech
Authors: Morishima Kaori , Nakano Takafumi , Aizawa Mineaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince the 1990s, increasing populations of a blood feeding land leech (Haemadipsa japonica) have become a serious issue in several Japanese prefectures, and it may be caused by the increases in sika deer (Cervus nippon) populations seen over the last quarter of the century. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the host animal species of H. japonica using iDNA (vertebrate DNA isolated from invertebrates) and to test the hypothesis that the increasingly widespread distribution of sika deer results in increased H. japonica populations through changes to the host–parasite interface. We amplified mitochondrial DNA 16S ribosome RNA fragments from iDNA isolated from the blood clots of H. japonica collected across Japan. We identified 17 host animal species, including four orders of Mammalia (Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha) and two orders of Amphibia (Caudata and Anura). The sika deer was the dominant host species of H. japonica. Additionally, the host animal species composition of H. japonica differed according to the presence or absence of sika deer. In the sites where sika deer were not found, Anura (frog) species were the most commonly identified hosts of H. japonica. These results suggest that the increases in H. japonica populations might have occurred via a change in host preference to sika deer. This change might be driven by the increases in sika deer populations and subsequent increase in the frequency that H. japonica uses the sika deer as easy prey, as well as by sika deer providing more reproductive energy per blood meal than blood meal from frog species. The present study suggests that a more widespread distribution of sika deer resulted in an increase in H. japonica through a change in the host–parasite interface. Therefore, management that focuses on decreasing sika deer populations would likely be an effective method for the reduction of H. japonica populations.
Insights on the concept of indicator populations derived from parentage‐based tagging in a large‐scale coho salmon application in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Wallace Colin , Jonsen Kim , McIntosh Brenda , Candy John R. , Willis David , Lynch Cheryl , Withler Ruth E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor Pacific salmon, the key fisheries management goal in British Columbia (BC) is to maintain and restore healthy and diverse Pacific salmon populations, making conservation of salmon biodiversity the highest priority for resource management decision‐making. Salmon status assessments are often conducted on coded‐wire‐tagged subsets of indicator populations based on assumptions of little differentiation within or among proximal populations. In the current study of southern BC coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) populations, parentage‐based tagging (PBT) analysis provided novel information on migration and life‐history patterns to test the assumptions of biological homogeneity over limited (generally < 100 km) geographic distances and, potentially, to inform management of fisheries and hatchery broodstocks. Heterogeneity for location and timing of fishery captures, family productivity, and exploitation rate was observed over small geographic scales, within regions that are, or might be expected to be, within the area encompassed by a single‐tagged indicator population. These results provide little support for the suggestion that information gained from tagged indicator populations is representative of marine distribution, productivity, and exploitation patterns of proximal populations.
Solar Energy Harvesting using Candle‐Soot‐Coated Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Yadav Deepshikha , Azad Puneet , Vaish Rahul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article reports the thermoelectric‐based solar energy harvesting. The effect of candle soot (CS) coating on solar energy harvesting potential of thermoelectric modules is studied. To compare the performance, uncoated/coated modules are exposed to solar radiations (through Fresnel lens) and the other side is kept at lower temperature using continuous water flow. Substantial enhancements in electrical outputs are observed due to CS coating on the upper surface of the thermoelectric module. The open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current across coated module improve more than six times in comparison to the uncoated module with maximum voltage and current reaching up to 1.5 V and 14 mA. Similarly, the generator can deliver a maximum power of 10 mW across a resistance of 50 Ω. Results indicate that the CS coating is an effective technique to improve the performance of thermoelectric materials for running sensors and other low‐power electronic devices.
Geochemical analysis of the truncated Viking Age trading settlement of Heimdalsjordet, Norway
Authors: Cannell Rebecca J. S. , Bill Jan , Cheetham Paul , Welham Kate 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSingle and multielement archaeological geochemistry has been applied to research and rescue projects for many decades to enhance our understanding of the past use of space. Often applied on one contextual plane, this ignores the complex palimpsest resulting from past occupation and soil processes. Furthermore, many important sites are now heavily truncated by plowing, leaving little more than negative features below the homogenized topsoil. These challenges require new approaches to archaeological geochemistry to gather information before these sites are lost to modern land use. The research presented here applied coring as a sampling method on a truncated site, the sample locations guided by high‐resolution ground‐penetrating radar data and excavation, before using portable X‐ray fluorescence directly on the core samples to understand the phase by phase composition of the deposits and thus past human occupation. The results suggest that even in truncated and secondary contexts, such as the case study of the Viking Age trade settlement of Heimdalsjordet, Norway, archaeological geochemistry can give insight into the chronological and spatial development of the site, and is especially relevant for detecting nonferrous metalworking activity.
Predictors of quetiapine extended‐release formulation add‐on in older patients exposed to antidepressant drugs: A Danish register‐based cohort study
Authors: Hashimi Hadia , Andersen Morten , Sessa Maurizio 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study investigated which comorbidities or comedications increased the probability of receiving quetiapine extended‐release formulation (quetiapine XR) as an add‐on treatment.MethodsDanish administrative registers were used as data sources. The study period was from 01 January 2011 to 01 July 2017. New users of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), atypical antidepressants (AAD), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) aged ≥65 years were included in the study population. A multivariable Cox regression model was used to find predictors for receiving quetiapine XR add‐on within the first year of antidepressant therapy.ResultsA total of 123 655 new users of SSRI, SNRI, TCA, and AAD were eligible. The study population was composed of 57.7% females and the mean age was 77.2 years (SD 7.9 years). SSRI users comprised 49.6% of the study population. Among users of antidepressants, 171 (0.14%) patients received quetiapine XR as add‐on treatment. In the adjusted analyses, female patients (HR 0.70; 95%CI 0.52‐0.95) and glucocorticoid users (HR 0.41; 95%CI 0.21‐0.80) had a significantly lower hazard of receiving quetiapine XR. Patients with dementia (HR 2.43; 95%CI 1.52‐3.87) had a significantly higher hazard of receiving quetiapine XR than patients without this condition. When compared with SSRI users, AAD (HR 1.80; 95%CI 1.31‐2.46) and TCA users (HR 0.18; 95%CI 0.06‐0.49) had an increased/reduced hazard of receiving quetiapine XR, respectively.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the choice of prescribing quetiapine add‐on is driven by patient's differences in comorbidities, comedications and the type of antidepressant drug.
Safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Zhang Xiaomeng , Huang Qiling , Niu Xun , Zhou Tao , Xie Zhen , Zhong Yi , Xiao Hongjun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of COVID‐19 patients worldwide will probably need tracheostomy in an emergency or at the recovering stage of COVID‐19. We explored the safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID‐19 patients, to benefit patients and protect health care workers at the same time.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 11 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients undergoing tracheostomy. Clinical features of patients, ventilator withdrawal after tracheostomy, surgical complications, and nosocomial infection of the health care workers associated with the tracheostomy were analyzed.ResultsThe tracheostomy of all the 11 cases (100%) was performed successfully, including percutaneous tracheostomy of 6 cases (54.5%) and conventional open tracheostomy of 5 cases (45.5%). No severe postoperative complications occurred, and no health care workers associated with the tracheostomy are confirmed to be infected by SARS‐CoV‐2.ConclusionComprehensive evaluation before tracheostomy, optimized procedures during tracheostomy, and special care after tracheostomy can make the tracheostomy safe and beneficial in COVID‐19 patients.
Lubrication aspects in an axisymmetric magneto nanofluid flow with radiated chemical reaction
Authors: Ahmad M. , Jalil Faisal , Taj M. , Shehzad Sabir A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the effects of axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of nanofluid through the lubrication of power‐law fluid by taking the general slip at the interfacial condition. The impacts of radiated chemical reaction, thermophoresis, and Brownian motions are further accounted. The fluid is impinging orthogonally on the surface via power‐law slim coating liquid lubrication. The partial differential system is governed for both the lubricant and the base fluid. Using dimensional analysis, the arisen partial differential system is modified to ordinary differential systems subject to nonlinear boundary conditions. An implicit numerical technique namely the Keller‐Box method is executed to formulate the solution of developed nonlinear expressions. The influence of different involved constraints on quantities of interest are sketched and discussed. The effects of the skin friction coefficient, heat transfer, and concentration rate at the surface are given and analyzed. The condition from full slip to the no‐slip can be achieved from the present solution. The obtained solutions are matched through the existing data and observed good agreement.
Crossing the rural–urban boundary in hydrological modelling: How do conceptual rainfall–runoff models handle the specificities of urbanized catchments?
Authors: Saadi Mohamed , Oudin Ludovic , Ribstein Pierre 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLandscape differences induced by urbanization have prompted hydrologists to define a fuzzy boundary between rural‐ and urban‐specific hydrological models. We addressed the validity of establishing this boundary, by testing two rural models on a large sample of 175 French and United States (US) urbanized catchments, and their 175 rural neighbours. The impact of urbanization on the hydrological behaviour was checked using four metrics. Using a split‐sample test, we have compared the performances, parameter distributions, and internal fluxes of GR4H and IHACRES, two conceptual and continuous models running at the hourly time step. Both model structures are based on soil moisture accounting reservoirs (infiltration, runoff, and actual evapotranspiration) and quick flow/slow flow routing components, with no consideration of any specific feature related to urbanization. Results showed: (a) Except for the ratio of streamflow flashiness to precipitation flashiness, the range of hydrological signature metrics in rural catchments encompassed the specificities of urbanized ones. Overall, the urbanized catchments showed higher ratios of mean streamflow to mean precipitation (median values: 0.39 vs. 0.27) and streamflow flashiness to precipitation flashiness (0.13 vs. 0.03), besides lower baseflow index (0.42 vs. 0.62) and shorter characteristic response time (3 vs. 14 hr). (b) The performances of GR4H revealed no significant distinction between rural and urbanized catchments in terms of Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE), whereas IHACRES better simulated urbanized catchments, especially during summer. (c) With respect to differences in urbanization level, the GR4H and IHACRES parameters showed different distributions. The differences in parameters were consistent with the differences in hydrological behaviour, which is promising for a model‐based assessment of the impact of urbanization. (d) The models agreed less in reproducing the internal fluxes over the urbanized catchments than over the rural ones. These results demonstrate the flexibility of conceptual models to handle the specificities of urbanized catchments.
Experimental exploration on loss surface of deep neural network
Authors: Yuan Qunyong , Xiao Nanfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe loss function of the deep neural network is high dimensional, nonconvex and complex. So far, the geometric properties of the loss surface of the neural network have not been well understood. Different from most theoretical studies on the loss surface, this article makes the experimental exploration on the loss surface of the deep neural network, including trajectories of various adaptive optimization algorithms, the Hessian matrix of the loss function of the deep neural network, the curvature of the loss surface along the trajectories of the various adaptive optimization algorithms. It is found that the gradient direction of the adaptive optimization algorithms is almost perpendicular to the direction of the maximum curvature of the loss surface, while the gradient directions of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm do not have such a rule. The Hessian matrix of the loss surface along the trajectory of the optimization algorithm is degraded, which is inconsistent with the hypothetical that nonsingular of the Hessian matrix in many theoretical studies of deep learning. Besides, this article proposes a new ensemble learning method of the neural network based on the scaling invariance of the ReLu neural network and mode connectivity.
Intracellular Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products Induces Osteoblast Apoptosis Via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Suzuki Ryusuke , Fujiwara Yukio , Saito Mitsuru , Arakawa Shoutaro , Shirakawa Jun-ichi , Yamanaka Mikihiro , Komohara Yoshihiro , Marumo Keishi , Nagai Ryoji 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is an aging-associated disease that is attributed to excessive osteoblast apoptosis. It is known that the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in bone extracellular matrix deteriorates osteoblast functions. However, little is known about the interaction between intracellular AGE accumulation and the induction of osteoblast apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of intracellular AGE accumulation on osteoblast apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with glycolaldehyde (GA), an AGE precursor. GA-induced intracellular AGE accumulation progressed in time- and dose-dependent manners, followed by apoptosis induction. Intracellular AGE formation also activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins (such as glucose-regulated protein 78, inositol-requiring protein-1α (IRE1α), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and induced apoptosis. In agreement, treatment with the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid and knocking down IRE1α expression ameliorated osteoblast apoptosis. Furthermore, the ratio between AGE- and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive osteoblasts in human vertebral bodies was significantly higher in an elderly group than in a younger group. A positive linear correlation between the ratio of AGE-positive and TUNEL-positive osteoblasts (r = 0.72) was also observed. Collectively, these results indicate that AGEs accumulated in osteoblasts with age and that intracellular AGE accumulation induces apoptosis via ER stress. These findings offer new insight into the mechanisms of osteoblast apoptosis and age-related osteoporosis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
p.P1379S, a benign variant with reduced ATP7B protein level in Wilson Disease
Authors: Yi Fan , Poskanzer Sheri A. , Myers Candace T. , Thies Jenny , Collins Christopher J. , Dayuha Remwilyn , Duong Phi , Houwen Roderick , Hahn Si Houn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper transport caused by inherited defects in the ATP7B gene and results in toxic accumulation of copper in various organs. We previously reported a family with three consecutive generations affected by WD that carries the variant, p.P1379S, which was classified at the time as likely pathogenic. However, recent investigations of the p.P1379S variant indicate a possible conflict of interpretations regarding its pathogenicity. This led us to explore the quantification of ATP7B in dried blood spots (DBS) using a surrogate peptide to study the effects of the p.P1379S variant on ATP7B concentrations in two unrelated families with the common p.P1379S variant.Methods and resultsATP7B was quantified using the peptide immunoaffinity enrichment coupled with selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (immuno‐SRM) method which utilizes antibody‐mediated peptide capture from DBS. Two patients affected with WD had undetectable ATP7B level while four compound heterozygous children with one known pathogenic variant and the p.P1379S had significantly reduced ATP7B levels. Of note, all four children remain asymptomatic without abnormal laboratory consequences despite being untreated for WD.ConclusionThese two families demonstrated that p.P1379S, when compounded with two known pathogenic variants, resulted in significantly reduced protein levels but retained enough function to maintain normal copper homeostasis. This implies that p.P1379S is benign in nature. A better understanding of the nature and consequences of variants in WD will help in informing patient care and avoiding unnecessary treatments.