bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow-up Chest CT findings from discharged patients with severe COVID-19: an 83-day observational study
Authors: Ye Tianhe , Fan Yanqing , Liu Jiacheng , Yang Chongtu , Huang Songjiang , Xiong Bin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) has been used to be a monitoring measure to assess the severity of lung abnormalities in corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19). Up to date, there has been no reports about follow-up chest CT findings from discharge patients with severe COVID-19. This study aims to describe the change pattern of radiological abnormalities from admission, to discharge, and to the last chest CT follow-up through an 83-day retrospective observation, and focuses on follow-up chest CT findings in discharged patients with severe COVID-19.Methods: Twenty-nine discharged patients (17 males, 12 females; median age, 56 years, IQR, 47-67) confirmed with severe COVID-19 from 13 January to 15 February were enrolled in this study. A total of 80 chest CT scans was performed from admission to the last follow-up. Images were mainly evaluated for ground-glass opacity, consolidation, parenchymal bands, and crazy-paving pattern. A semi-quantitative CT scoring system was used for estimating lung abnormalities of each lobe.Results: All patients received nasal cannula or/and high-flow mask oxygen therapy. Admission occurred 9 days (IQR, 5-13) after symptom onset. The median in-hospital period was 18 days (IQR, 11-26). The last follow-up chest CT was performed 66 days (IQR, 61-77) after symptom onset. Total CT scores in follow-up decreased significantly compared to that of performed in-hospital ([3, IQR, 0-5] to [13, IQR, 10-16], P < 0.001). Predominant patterns on follow-up chest CT performed 64 days after symptom onset were subpleural parenchymal bands (47%, 9/19) and complete radiological resolution (37%, 7/19). Consolidation absorbed earlier than ground-glass opacity did, and subpleural parenchymal bands were the longest-lasting feature during radiological resolution.Conclusions: Radiological abnormalities in patients of severe COVID-19 could be completely absorbed with no residual lung injury in more than two months’ follow-up. Serial chest CT scans could be used as a monitoring modality to help clinician better understand the disease course.
Psychosocial Distress and Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials as Correlates of Sexual&nbsp;Intercourse among Adolescents in Dodoma–Tanzania
Authors: Hussein Abdalla , Ismail Abbas , Malero Augustine , Dadi Habibu , Charles James , Sando Mery , Fawzi Wafaei , Vuai Said 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Adolescents’ sexuality is topical in public health discussions owing to its ability to increase the risk of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Research shows that adolescents’ sexual behavior, psychosocial distress, and exposure to sexually explicit material are interconnected in that they need collective health interventions for adolescents. However, although mental health factors, such as psychological distress, are common in developing and middle-income countries, including Tanzania, mental health factors are less considered in HIV research. Thus, there is a need to raise awareness on the role of mental health factors in HIV epidemic. This study is, therefore, a response to this requirement by examining the contribution of psychosocial distress and exposure to sexually explicit materials on sexual intercourse among adolescents in Dodoma Region using Dodoma Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) data.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five villages of Chamwino District from April to June 2017 among 1,226 adolescents of 10-19 years age. The villages of Chamwino District were used as sampling strata while a stratified random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A weighted logistic regression model was used to examine the independent contribution of psychosocial distress and exposure to sexually explicit materials on sexual intercourse while accounting for study design. Results: The overall lifetime prevalence of adolescent sexuality was 20.38%. The prevalence was observed to be higher among males (32.15%) as compared to females (10.92%). Adolescent sexuality was significantly associated with both psychosocial distress and exposure to sexually explicit materials. The odds ratios showed that adolescents reported psychosocially distressed (AOR=1.61, 95 %CI: 1.32- 1.96) and those exposed to sexually explicit materials (AOR=4.26, 95% CI: 3.65- 4.97) were at higher risk of having sexual intercourse. Other variables associated with sexual intercourse were age, sex, alcohol use, and current schooling status. Conclusion: The analysis made through this study came to the conclusion that as HIV risk continues to be a serious concern among adolescents, adolescent sexuality, psychosocial distress, and exposure to sexually explicit materials are interconnected. This calls for upfront interventions on school health education and services, particularly on the ventures to lower psychosocial distress and avert exposure on sexually explicit materials to prevent the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profile Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets at the Late Stage of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Shen Hongyan , Long Jie , Zhang Mingmei , Chen Xing , Wang Tao , Xie Qingyun , Wei Meng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to use the latest BeadChip technology to obtain a genome-wide DNA methylation profile for cartilage from patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA), providing the first comprehensive description of DNA methylation changes in advanced knee OA. Methods: Cartilage tissues were taken from patients after total knee arthroplasty and were divided into eroded group and intact group according to the cartilage status. The genome-wide DNA methylation profile was obtained using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip kit, which enables the analysis of >850,000 CpG sites. Comparisons of the two groups were performed to identify differentially methylated (DM) probes (DMPs). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were applied to the functional annotation clustering of the DM genes. Results: There was significant differential methylation between the two groups, and a total of 16,776 DMPs covering approximately 6,700 genes were identified, 92% of which were hypomethylated. Functional enrichment results revealed that the DM genes were significantly enriched for the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cell adhesion molecules (CAM) and proteins in some inflammatory response pathways, especially the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Six genes including RNF43, SEMA4D, F11R, PKN1, FLT-1 and PTPN11 may be the potential biomarkers for OA.Conclusion: Our data demonstrate the epigenetic dysregulation of many genes and pathways in the late stage of knee OA that appear to be involved in potential aetiological mechanisms of OA. DM genes closely associated with OA may become targets for treatment and may open new avenues for further research in the field.
Lamina Slope Angle Is A Risk Factor for Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy in Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disease: A Retrospective Study.
Authors: Yu Xiaosheng , Zhao Junduo , Feng Fan , Han Yingchao , Zhong Guibin , Liu Zude , Chen Jianwei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background.One previous work confirmed that laminar slope angle was associated with the ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum. Several studies have investigated the relevance of disc degeneration grade, thickness of ligamentum flavum, along with cross section area of multifidus and its fatty infiltration. However, there has been no research between the angle and them. This retrospectivestudyof clinical materials from 122 patients was designed to investigate the influence of laminar slope angle on degeneration of lumbar when eliminating the interference of age.Methods.122 individuals were retrospected randomly on the basis of age difference from 687inpatients scheduled to undergo a lumbar operation between January and December 2017.We registered their age and sex, evaluated and measuredL4-L5 disc degeneration grade,correspondingcross section area of multifidus, muscle-fat index,thickness of ligamentum flavum and laminar slope angle from preoperative magnetic resonance imagingand three-dimensional computer tomography. Independent-sample T tests were used to assess the association between age and measurement indices. The Pearson correlation coefficient, and partial correlation excluding age, was also performed to analyze thecorrelation between clinical parameters.Results.Our results showed that age was positively connected withthe laminar slope angle(L4:r=0.298, p=＜0.01; L5:r=0.303, p=＜0.01). Excluding the interference of age, revealed a credibly negative relationship between the angle of L4 and the thickness of the ligamentum flavum(Left: r=-0.303, p=＜0.01;Right:r=-0.340, p=＜0.01). However, there was no correlationwithother parameters(disc: r=-0.141, p＞0.05; left multifidus: r=0.248, p＞0.05; right multifidus: r=0.225, p＞0.05; left muscle-fat index: r=0.033, p＞0.05; right muscle-fat index: r=0.016, p＞0.05).Conclusion.Excluding the interference of age, Inclination of small laminar slope angle leads to hypertrophy of lumbar ligamentum flavum.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Level 4.
Neuroinflammation and Disrupted Synaptic Plasticity, the Main Pathological Processes in Multiple Sclerosis and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Enrichment Analysis
Authors: Sepehrinezhad Ali , Bozorgmehr Ali , Negah Sajad Sahab , Karimi Minoo , Shahbazi Ali 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory demyelinating, and disabling disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with various clinical symptoms. Approximately 30% of the patients experience a variety of psychiatric problems during their disease course. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is correlated with MS, but little is known about common molecular mechanisms of two diseases. Methods: In this study, after a comprehensive review of the existing literature, we collected almost all the genes involved in MS and OCD, and then analyzed the common genes between MS and OCD. Next, the connections and functional interactions between these three gene sets were investigated in the STRING database and analyzed in 3 separate networks by Cytoscape software. Eventually, after a multi-part enrichment analysis, we found the main molecular and cellular pathways, biological processes, brain areas, and, more importantly, cells/tissue related to the shared genes between MS and OCD. Results: Three genes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and neurexin-1 (NRXN1) are the major genes that were common between MS and OCD. Also, the deficit in synaptogenesis and neurotransmitter release in the nervous system are the most common complications of MS and OCD. Signaling receptor activity and estrogen receptor activity are the most important signaling pathways that are disturbed. Moreover, the presynaptic membrane, membrane raft, and growth cone are the main microenvironments that are affected in MS and OCD.Conclusions: In addition to an enrichment analysis that showed physical and functional interactions of genes related to MS and OCD, we demonstrated and predicted some new genes and microRNAs that can be promising biomarkers/targets for future experimental studies. Also, our finding indicated that neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity are two significant pathological processes that are affected in MS and OCD.
Assessing Mental Health and Physical Fitness in Young Chinese Doctors Using the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36)
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Li Cen , Liu Ye , Yang Yuanyuan , Wang Yaozhou , Zhang Qian , Huang Dong , Cui Yuxia , Zhou Hao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Psychological and physical problems regarding the quality of life (QOL) of doctors have attracted increasing attention in recent years, especially in China. The objective of this study was to measure the mental health and physical fitness of young clinical doctors with the SF-36 and to evaluate related psychometric properties and factors.Subjects and methods Young doctors from Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital completed the SF-36 between November 1, 2017, and February 28, 2018. The Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) were measured to represent physical and mental health conditions.Results A total of 444 doctors aged 20–40 years, with 138 (31.08%) surgeons, 110 (24.77%) physicians, 26 (5.86%) pediatricians, 28 (6.31%) obstetricians/gynecologists and 142 (31.98%) doctors from other departments were enrolled in this study, and their data were analyzed. The mean PCS scores (71.30 ± 16.54 vs. 77.54 ± 15.96, p < 0.0001) and MCS scores (63.72 ± 18.91 vs. 71.29 ± 17.86, p < 0.0001) were significantly lower than the normative values of Chinese respondents. Pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists reported the lowest PCS and MCS scores. Young doctors with master’s degrees and above (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.03–2.75, p < 0.05), those who were unmarried (OR = 2.40, 95%CI: 1.40–4.08, p < 0.01), and those who had low family incomes (OR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.00-6.01, p < 0.05) had increased odds of poor MCS scores.Conclusions Poor mental and physical health were common in young doctors in China. Pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists had the poorest physical and mental health status. Having a high education level, being unmarried and having a low family income were negatively associated with mental health.
Midwives’ Knowledge of Non-Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment and Associated Factors among Midwives Working in Public Hospitals of Jimma Zone, South-West Ethiopia.
Authors: Terefe Gemechu Sori , Bekele Gadisa Bedada 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The non-pneumatic anti-shock garment is a unique, simple, life-saving first-aid device made of neoprene and velcro. Neoprene is a stretchy material, and Velcro is a “hook and loop” material that closes things tightly . I n 2017 e very day, approximately 810 women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth . From this death about 94% of all maternal deaths occur in low and lower middle-income countries.Objective: The objective of this study was designed to assess Midwives knowledge of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment and associated factors among Midwives. Methods: Facility based a quantitative cross-sectional studies design method was employed among 150 Midwives. Data was collected by pretested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire . The collected data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 by double data enter and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were done to identify factors associated with Midwives’ Knowledge of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment. Results: Eighty one (54%) of Midwives have good knowledge of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment. Having positive attitude [ (AOR= 4.9 , 95% CI :( 2.06, 11.65 )], attending training [AOR= 3.91 , 95% CI :( 1.48, 10.32 ], presence guideline of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment at their hospitals [AOR= 2.57 , 95% CI :( 1.13, 5.82 )] were significantly associated with Midwives’ knowledge of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment. Conclusion and Recommendation: The knowledge Midwives’ on non-pneumatic anti-shock garment was low. The identified factors that significantly associated with Midwives’ knowledge of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment were positive attitude; attend training and presence of guideline of non-pneumatic anti-shock garments. The Midwives that involved in the maternity service should be improving their knowledge on non-pneumatic anti-shock garment.
Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Pathogenesis of Airway Remodeling in Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: Arellano-Orden Elena , Calero-Acuña Carmen , Sánchez-López Verónica , López-Ramírez Cecilia , Otero-Candelera Remedios , Marín-Hinojosa Carmen , López-Campos José Luis 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background/Aims: Epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts play an important role in the development of chronic lung disease but the exact mechanisms responsible for this role have not been fully clarified. Our objective was to investigate the involvement of these cells in the inflammatory response associated to chronic lung disease.Methods Human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) and bronchial epithelial cells (NuLi-1) were challenged with pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-1β, and hypoxia), and inhibitory (simvastatin) stimuli. Expression of markers of local inflammation (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, nuclear factor-κB), systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A) and proteases (matrix metalloproteinase’s 9 and 12) were assessed by polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. Apoptosis/necrosis was also analyzed by flow cytometry.Results Although both cell types upregulated their expression of local and systemic inflammation and protease activity markers when they were treated with IL-1β, MRC-5 showed a higher gene and protein expression compared to NuLi-1 and a different expression in MMP at 48 hours. Under hypoxic conditions, we observed a decrease in serum amyloid gene expression in MRC-5, which was further attenuated by simvastatin. Apoptosis was not altered by any stimulus.Conclusions The inflammatory responses occurring in airway cells differ from one another. Fibroblasts seem to be the main cells involved in the inflammatory response associated with chronic lung disease, with a role roughly equivalent to that of protein imbalance. Apoptosis is not a predominant mechanism in these cells.
Ride-Sharing and Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Trauma in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Hilsden Richard , Lund Matthew , Leeper Rob 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Ride sharing represents a new technology that increases the number of transportation options available to city residents. The arrival of ride sharing has been associated with a reduction in alcohol related car crashes in several US jurisdictions, but this association has not been studied in Canada.Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed using the South Western Ontario Regional Trauma Registry (SWORTR) between April 1 2013 and Mar 31, 2019. The proportion of injuries from alcohol related motor vehicle crashes occurring prior to the availability of ride-sharing services was compared to those which occurred while these services were available.Results During the study period 1002 patients injured in motor vehicle crashes were entered in the SWORTR, and 858 patients had an alcohol level recorded. 194 patients were injured when ride sharing was available, and 808 patients were injured when it was not available. For the primary outcome, 23.6% of patients were injured with positive alcohol levels with ride sharing available compared to 19.2% of patients without ride sharing services (p = 0.23). Evaluating the city of London alone, no significant difference was observed between alcohol related crashes and the availability of ride sharing (27.0% vs 17.0%, P = 0.173).Conclusions Alcohol related motor vehicle collisions remain an important public health concern, and ride-sharing services have been proposed to reduce the rates of such events. Our research failed to demonstrate e any reduction in the proportion of injuries resulting from alcohol related motor vehicle crashes in South Western Ontario with the arrival of ride sharing services.
The urgency of utilizing COVID-19 biospecimens for research in the heart of the global pandemic
Authors: Osman Iman , Cotzia Paolo , Moran Una , Donnelly Douglas , Arguelles-Grande Carolina , Mendoza Sandra , Moreira Andre 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and consequent social distancing practices have disrupted essential clinical research functions worldwide. Ironically, this coincides with an immediate need for research to comprehend the biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the pathology of COVID-19. As the global crisis has already led to over 15,000 deaths out of 175,000 confirmed cases in New York City and Nassau County, NY alone, it is increasingly urgent to collect patient biospecimens linked to active clinical follow up. However, building a COVID-19 biorepository amidst the active pandemic is a complex and delicate task. To help facilitate rapid, robust, and regulated research on this novel virus, we report on the successful model implemented by New York University Langone Health (NYULH) within days of outbreak in the most challenging hot spot of infection globally. Using an amended institutional biobanking protocol, these efforts led to accrual of 11,120 patients presenting for SARS-CoV-2 testing, 4,267 (38.4%) of whom tested positive for COVID-19. The recently reported genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in the New York City Region, which is a crucial development in tracing sources of infection and asymptomatic spread of the novel virus, is the first outcome of this effort. While this growing resource actively supports studies of the New York outbreak in real time, a worldwide effort is necessary to build a collective arsenal of research tools to deal with the global crisis now, and to exploit the virus’s biology for translational innovation that outlasts humanity’s current dilemma.
COVID-19 in the peritoneal fluid: does this evidence oblige to introduce new rules? Presentation of a Case Report
Authors: Rimini Edoardo , Atzori Giulia , Viotti Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background : The Covid 19 pandemic introduced the need to outline new guidelines for the treatment of the Covid positive patient in surgery. With this report we present what we believe to be important additional information about an area that has not yet been studied, the potential infectivity of peritoneal secretions.Case presentation : A 73-year-old woman accesses our PS where she is found to be positive on the nosepharyngeal swab for Covid 19. The patient presents a picture of intestinal occlusion from imprisoned hernia, which is why she undergoes exploratory laparotomy surgery. During surgery a peritoneal swab is performed which is positive for Covid 19.Conclusion : This case suggests that, in the presence of patients susceptible to surgical therapy with negative Covid swab, performing a peritoneal swab may reveal a false negative. An extensive database that collects the results of pharyngeal and peritoneal swabs of patients undergoing surgery is necessary to delineate the appropriate approach to the patient in the Covid era.