bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public health champions in the making: An innovative undergraduate nursing pedagogy
Authors: Szajna Amy , Shaffer Kathryn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis manuscript describes an innovative approach to public health nursing education. Health care delivery is radically shifting to non‐acute, community‐based settings, warranting a new‐thinking graduate who is comfortable responding to societal trends in health and wellness. Graduates must confidently work to address social determinants of health to improve health outcomes and advance health equity.AimsWe propose a unique pedagogy designed to prepare baccalaureate nursing students to work effectively in the community setting by developing seminars that address pressing, relevant public health initiatives.Materials & MethodsWe describe our experience integrating community‐based Naloxone, Stop the Bleed, and Mental Health First Aid training to the curriculum. We outline a session designed to inform future health care providers about provision of care to suspected victims of human trafficking.ResultsAs a novice program, we have not formally evaluated the described pedagogy for specific outcome measures.DiscussionWe include guidance for implementing a similar program and plans for future evaluation of this unique public health nursing pedagogy.ConclusionsWe are confident that future iterations of this pedagogy will continue to foster robust public health nursing skills among BSN students.
Between Recognition and Mis/Nonrecognition: Strategies of Negotiating and Performing Identities Among White Muslims in the United Kingdom
Authors: Amer Amena 
Published: October 2019

This article explores white British Muslim experiences of, and strategic performative responses to, the (mis/non)recognition of their seemingly incompatible religious and ethnic identities. Based on in‐depth interviews (N = 26), it highlights how the different identity categories they hold relate to one another, influencing processes of perceived recognition in interactional contexts. White British Muslims perceive their ethnic and religious identities to be (mis/not) recognized in complex and contradictory ways. Their identities are affirmed, denied, erased, and/or incorrectly ascribed, sometimes simultaneously, by relevant others in different contexts. Performative strategies such as the adoption, maintenance, or removal of identity markers are used consciously and agentically in attempts to take back control over how their identities are (mis/not) recognized. At times deliberate performative acts leading to misrecognition are orchestrated by white Muslims themselves to not only minimize the risk of experiencing possible harm or marginalization but also to transgress and challenge norms. They also assert their multiple identities as a response to (mis/non)recognition and claims of their identities being incompatible, regardless of the repercussions that may result in them being placed at the margins of, or excluded from, their ingroups.
Italian translation and validation of the Perinatal Grief Scale
Authors: Ravaldi Claudia , Bettiol Alessandra , Crescioli Giada , Lombardi Niccolò , Biffino Marco , Romeo Gianpaolo , Levi Miriam , Bonaiuti Roberto , Vannacci Alfredo 
Published: October 2019

AimsThe short version of the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) has 33 items of Likert type whose answers vary from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree), and is used to assess the grief after perinatal loss and to identify women at major need of specific support. This is the first attempt to validate an Italian version of PGS.Materials and methodsThe English version of PGS by Potvin et al. was translated into Italian by a professional mother tongue English translator. The survey was administered at 3 different times (translated Italian version; original English version after 10 days; and same Italian version after other 10 days) to 16 Italian/English bilingual women who had experienced a perinatal loss. The reproducibility among the three administrations and concordance were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's kappa, respectively.ResultsConsidering the PGS, median score ranged from 74.5 (58.5–94.5) to 78 (64–95), with no significant difference among the three questionnaire administrations (p = 0.616). No significant difference emerged among the three administered questionnaires for subscales (p = 0.095, 0.410 and 0.410 for ‘active grief’ AG, ‘difficulty in coping’ DC and ‘despair’ D scores, respectively). Concordance varied from good to very good among all questionnaire administrations.ConclusionsThis Italian version of the PGS can be used by clinicians to assess Italian women's responses to stillbirth and perinatal loss, as well as by researchers for research purposes.
Early integration of palliative care: translation, cross‐cultural adaptation and content validity of the Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool in a Swedish healthcare context
Authors: Pham Lotta , Arnby Maria , Benkel Inger , Dahlqvist Jonsson Patrik , Källstrand Jeanette , Molander Ulla , Ziegert Kristina 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundTimely identification of patients with palliative care needs is a prerequisite for being able to carry out effective and equal palliative care. The Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) identifies patients likely to benefit from a palliative approach.AimThe main objective was to describe the translation, cross‐cultural adaptation and content validation process of the SPICT‐SE. In this process, the prefinal SPICT‐SE was tested in focus group interviews to explore how the tool was perceived and interpreted by healthcare professionals in a Swedish healthcare context.MethodsIn this qualitative descriptive study, the translation, cross‐cultural adaptation and content validation process of the SPICT‐SE was based on a recommended method for cross‐cultural adaptation of self‐report measures. The process included two independent forward translations, a synthesis, and one independent back‐translation. An expert committee consolidated all the versions and developed the prefinal version of the SPICT‐SE. The prefinal version of the SPICT‐SE was tested in four focus group interviews with physicians and nurses engaged in inpatient or outpatient care in south‐west Sweden. A thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews was performed. The SPICT‐SE was then revised to the final version.ResultsIn the thematic analysis, four themes were constructed that together described how the SPICT‐SE was perceived and interpreted by healthcare professionals: The mindset is familiar and relevant; the tool needs to be adjusted in order to be clearer; the purpose and consequences of the tool are ambiguous; and the tool supports a palliative approach.ConclusionThe SPICT‐SE has now been successfully translated, culturally adapted and content validated in a Swedish healthcare context.
Partisan Gerrymandering: Weeds in the Political Thicket
Authors: Engstrom Richard L. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo highlight the extent of the partisan gerrymandering problem in the United States.MethodsBring both original and secondary sources to bear on the problem of partisan gerrymandering, through the examination of election results under them, and federal and state court reactions to them.ResultsEvidence shows that gerrymandering in seven states accounted for the Republican Party's manufactured majority in the U.S. House of Representatives following the 2012 election, and that it took judicial intervention by courts in some states and the Democratic wave election of 2018 to loosen the grip of those gerrymanders to undo that “spurious” majority.ConclusionThe U.S. Supreme Court's decision in 2019 to withdraw federal courts from partisan gerrymandering litigation, just as the district courts were proving themselves able to deal with the issue in a nonpartisan and effective manner, is likely to result in another decade of extensive and excessive gerrymandering in the United States.
Nutritional, clinical and immunological status of children at HIV diagnosis in the continental region of Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Aguilera‐Alonso David , Grasa Carlos , Cervantes Hernández Eloísa , Eyene Bacale Ayeto Manuel , Endje Moliko Adelina , García Belén , Ncogo Ada Policarpo , Rojo Pablo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional, clinical and immunological status of children at HIV diagnosis in the continental region of Equatorial Guinea.MethodsChildren <18 years diagnosed with HIV between 2009 and 2017 were included. Clinical, immunological and nutritional data were collected. Weight‐for‐height, weight‐for‐age and height‐for‐age Z‐scores were calculated using WHO Child Growth Standards. The population was assessed in two equal periods (2009–2013 and 2014–2017) from the time of diagnosis.ResultsA total of 213 children were diagnosed with HIV (49.3% males), median age 3.8 years (IQR: 1.5–8.2). A total of 121 cases (56.8%) were at WHO clinical stage III, and 53 (24.9%) were at WHO clinical stage IV. CDC immunological stage II was diagnosed in 51/130 (39.2%) and CDC stage III in 44/130 (33.8%). About 56.2% of children were underweight (weight‐for‐age <−2 SD); 20.1% moderately and 36.1% severely so. About 27.6% of children were wasted (weight‐for‐height <−2 SD); 11.9% moderately and 15.7% severely so. About 56.3% of children were stunted (height‐for‐age <−2 SD); 20.7% moderately and 35.6% severely so. The prevalence of wasting was higher in children ≤5 years than in children >5 years (36.4% vs. 19.1%, P = 0.026). In the second period, the prevalence of moderate‐severe immunodeficiency decreased (87.2% to 67.0%, P = 0.018), without significant differences in the other nutritional or clinical data. Severe underweight was a risk factor for moderate‐severe immunodeficiency (aOR: 4 [95% CI: 1.4–11.4], P = 0.010).ConclusionsWe highlight a high proportion of malnutrition at the time of HIV diagnosis in Guinea´s paediatric population. Early diagnosis of HIV infection is a priority, achievable by training Guinea´s physicians to suspect HIV early, introducing HIV molecular diagnostic techniques and ensuring intensive nutritional treatment.
Neuroinflammation in heart failure: new insights for an old disease
Authors: Díaz Hugo S. , Toledo Camilo , Andrade David C. , Marcus Noah J. , Del Rio Rodrigo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome affecting roughly 26 million people worldwide. Increased sympathetic drive is a hallmark of HF and is associated with disease progression and higher mortality risk. Several mechanisms contribute to enhanced sympathetic activity in HF, but these pathways are still incompletely understood. Previous work suggests that inflammation and activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) increases sympathetic drive. Importantly, chronic inflammation in several brain regions is commonly observed in aged populations, and a growing body of evidence suggests neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in HF. In animal models of HF, central inhibition of RAS and pro‐inflammatory cytokines normalizes sympathetic drive and improves cardiac function. The precise molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to neuroinflammation and its effect on HF progression remain undetermined. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field of neuroinflammation and autonomic control in HF. In addition, it focuses on cellular and molecular mediators of neuroinflammation in HF and in particular on brain regions involved in sympathetic control. Finally, we will comment on what is known about neuroinflammation in the context of preservedvs. reduced ejection fraction HF.image
Functional coupling between NMDA receptors and SK channels in rat hypothalamic magnocellular neurons: altered mechanisms during heart failure
Authors: Ferreira‐Neto Hildebrando C. , Stern Javier E. 
Published: October 2019

Key points
Glutamatergic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (SK) channels are critical synaptic and intrinsic mechanisms, respectively, that regulate the activity of hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (MNNs).
In this work, we investigated whether NMDARs and SK channels in MNNs are functionally coupled, and whether an altered coupling may contribute to exacerbated neuronal activity in this condition.
We report that NMDARs and SK channels form a functional Ca2+‐dependent negative feedback loop that restrains the excitatory effect on membrane potential and firing activity evoked by NMDAR activation.
The negative feedback loop between NMDARs and SK channels was blunted or absent in MNNs of heart failure (HF) rats.
These results help us better understand how synaptic and intrinsic mechanisms regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity, as well as how changes in the interaction among these disparate mechanisms contribute to altered neuronal activity during prevalent neurogenic cardiovascular diseases.
AbstractGlutamatergic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (SK) channels are critical synaptic and intrinsic mechanisms, respectively, that regulate the activity of hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (MNNs), both under physiological and pathological states, such as lactation and heart failure (HF). However, whether NMDARs and SK channels in MNNs are functionally coupled, and whether changes in this coupling contribute to exacerbated neuronal activity during HF is at present unknown. In the present study, we addressed these questions using patch‐clamp electrophysiology and confocal Ca2+ imaging in a rat model of ischaemic HF. We found that in MNNs of sham rats, blockade of SK channels with apamin (200 nM) significantly increased the magnitude of an NMDAR‐evoked current (INMDA). We also observed that blockade of SK channels potentiated NMDAR‐evoked firing, and abolished spike frequency adaptation in MNNs from sham, but not HF rats. Importantly, a larger INMDA‐ΔCa2+ response was observed under basal conditions in HF compared to sham rats. Finally, we found that dialysing recorded cells with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA (10 mM) increased the magnitude of INMDA in MNNs from both sham and HF rats, and occluded the effects of apamin in the former. Together our studies demonstrate that in MNNs, NMDARs and SK channels are functionally coupled, forming a local negative feedback loop that restrains the excitatory effect evoked by NMDAR activation. Moreover, our studies also support a blunted NMDAR–SK channel coupling in MNNs of HF rats, establishing it as a pathophysiological mechanism contributing to exacerbated hypothalamic neuronal activity during this prevalent neurogenic cardiovascular disease.
Effects of Slitting Size and Inlet Operating Conditions on Hydrogen Combustion Characteristics in a Micro-Combustor With a Controllable Vortex Slotted Bluff Body
Authors: Yan Yunfei , Shen Kaiming , Cui Yu , He Ziqiang , Zhang Li , Yang Zhongqing , Ran Jingyu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Effects of controllable vortex slotted bluff body parameters (position of a bluff body, slit size, and controllable flow ratio) on the combustion characteristics of hydrogen/air in a micro-combustor with a bluff body were investigated numerically. The results illustrated that the combustion efficiency of hydrogen decreases with increasing distance (L1) between the front edge of the bluff body and the combustor inlet. The combustion characteristics of the micro-combustor are optimum when L1 is 0 mm. The blow-off limit of the combustor reaches a maximum (564 cm3/s) when the slit width (d) is 20% of the bluff body width. The blow-off limit first increases and then decreases when the equivalence ratio (φ) increases and reaches a maximum (732 cm3/s) when φ is 1.0, and the controllable flow ratio is 0.2. The combustion efficiency of hydrogen is gradually increased with the increase in the controllable flow ratio. When φ is less than 1.0, the optimal controllable flow ratio gradually decreases with the increase in the premixed gas flow rate, and the optimal controllable flow ratio basically remains at 0.6 when the premixed gas flow rate is less than 360 cm3/s.
Methodology for Sub-commercial Calculation of the Potential Energy Storage Capacity of Hydrogen, Natural Gas, and Compressed Air in Salt Caves
Authors: Câmara Roberto José Batista , Carneiro Júlio F. , Câmara George Augusto Batista , de Araújo Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues , Rocha Paulo Sérgio de M. V. , Andrade José Célio S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe incorporation of renewable energy into the future world energy matrix challenges its efficient use because renewable energy is not always available due to its dependence on natural factors such as wind and sunlight. This work develops a new resource management system to evaluate the renewable energy resources stored in salt caves using power-to-gas (P2G) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) technologies in the initial phase of a project (sub-commercial phase). To fulfill this objective, bibliographical research, document analysis, and consultations with specialists were used as the methodological basis. Two systems were identified to be used as a reference for the proposed methodology: Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) and CO2 Storage Resources Management System (SRMS). A classification framework is proposed for energy storage and an application of the framework is presented for a case study in Portugal. Similar to these reference systems, a sub-commercial project momentum was established, and three stages called total potential resource (R3), total probable resource (R2), and total proved resource (R1) were defined. The results support corporate and governmental decision-making on project continuity for both the market and governments, thus demonstrating their importance in new global energy reality. It is recommended to define the sub-commercial stage as well as the mapping of R2 in the Brazilian territory as was done recently in Europe.
Modeling and Dynamic Characteristics of Planetary Gear Transmission in Non-inertial System of Aerospace Environment
Authors: Wei Jing , Zhang Aiqiang , Shi Lei , Qin Datong , Lim Teik C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The traditional research on the dynamics of planetary gear transmission (PGT) is based on the assumption that the support is on the ground. However, the PGT inside the aircraft is spatially moved along with the airframe, which is not only subject to gravity, but also to additional inertia forces. These loads should affect the dynamic characteristics of the PGT. The PGT itself is a non-inertial system (NIS) and is called the internal non-inertial system (INIS). By contrast, an airframe in the aerospace environment is named an external non-inertial system (ENIS). In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of the PGT in a compound NIS, the kinematic equations of various components in arbitrary spatial motion state of the airframe are deduced. Subsequently, the coupled dynamics model of PGT in NIS is improved. The dynamic responses of PGT in different non-inertial conditions are compared based on the hovering motion of the airframe. The results indicate that INIS is the main factor affecting the trajectory of planet gear, while ENIS is the force source changing the trajectory of the central component. The aircraft’s hovering motion makes the gravity effect become a relatively time-varying excitation, but the dominant factor is still the additional inertial forces. The non-inertial effect during aerospace operation can significantly affect the bearing force, vibration and load sharing performance. It will lead to serious errors if the traditional research method is still used to obtain the dynamic behavior of PGT in the aerospace environment.
Obstacle Detection for Autonomous Driving Vehicles With Multi-LiDAR Sensor Fusion
Authors: Cao Mingcong , Wang Junmin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In contrast to the single-light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system, multi-LiDAR sensors may improve the environmental perception for autonomous vehicles. However, an elaborated guideline of multi-LiDAR data processing is absent in the existing literature. This paper presents a systematic solution for multi-LiDAR data processing, which orderly includes calibration, filtering, clustering, and classification. As the accuracy of obstacle detection is fundamentally determined by noise filtering and object clustering, this paper proposes a novel filtering algorithm and an improved clustering method within the multi-LiDAR framework. To be specific, the applied filtering approach is based on occupancy rates (ORs) of sampling points. Besides, ORs are derived from the sparse “feature seeds” in each searching space. For clustering, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is improved with an adaptive searching (AS) algorithm for higher detection accuracy. Besides, more robust and accurate obstacle detection can be achieved by combining AS-DBSCAN with the proposed OR-based filtering. An indoor perception test and an on-road test were conducted on a fully instrumented autonomous hybrid electric vehicle. Experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, which facilitate a reliable and applicable solution for obstacle detection.
Effects of Strength Training on Olympic Time-Based Sport Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lum Danny , Barbosa Tiago M. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of strength training on Olympic time-based sports (OTBS) time-trial performance and provide an estimate of the impact of type of strength training, age, training status, and training duration on OTBS time-trial performance. Methods: A search on 3 electronic databases was conducted. The analysis comprised 32 effects in 28 studies. Posttest time-trial performance of intervention and control group from each study was used to estimate the standardized magnitude of impact of strength training on OTBS time-trial performance. Results: Strength training had a moderate positive effect on OTBS time-trial performance (effect size = 0.59, P < .01). Subgroup meta-analysis showed that heavy weight training (effect size = 0.30, P = .01) produced a significant effect, whereas other modes did not induce significant effects. Training status as factorial covariate was significant for well-trained athletes (effect size = 0.62, P = .04), but not for other training levels. Meta-regression analysis yielded nonsignificant relationship with age of the participants recruited (β = −0.04; 95% confidence interval, −0.08 to 0.004; P = .07) and training duration (β = −0.05; 95% confidence interval, −0.11 to 0.02; P = .15) as continuous covariates. Conclusion: Heavy weight training is an effective method for improving OTBS time-trial performance. Strength training has greatest impact on well-trained athletes regardless of age and training duration.
Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease
Authors: Jaiswal Siddhartha , Ebert Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2019

Cryptic signs of aging in our blood
Time is not a friend to our DNA. Aging is associated with an accumulation of somatic mutations in normal dividing cells, including the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that give rise to all blood cells. Certain mutations in HSCs confer a fitness advantage that results in clonal expansions of mutant blood cells that sometimes—but not always—forecast the development of cancer and other age-related diseases. Jaiswal and Ebert review this process of “clonal hematopoiesis,” including the mechanisms by which it arises and the current state of knowledge regarding its effects on human health.

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