bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrow-frequency sharp-angular filters using all-dielectric cascaded meta-gratings
Authors: Liu Wei-Nan , Chen Rui , Shi Wei-Yi , Zeng Ke-Bo , Zhao Fu-Li , Dong Jian-Wen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Selective transmission or filtering always responds to either frequency or incident angle, so as hardly to maximize signal-to-noise ratio in communication, detection and sensing. Here, we propose compact meta-filters of narrow-frequency sharp-angular transmission peak along with broad omnidirectional reflection sidebands, in all-dielectric cascaded subwavelength meta-gratings. The inherent collective resonance of waveguide-array modes and thin film approximation of meta-grating are employed as the design strategy. A unity transmission peak, locating at the incident angle of 44.4° and the center wavelength of 1550 nm, is demonstrated in a silicon meta-filter consisting of two-layer silicon rectangular meta-grating. These findings provide possibilities in cascaded meta-gratings spectroscopic design and alternative utilities for high signal-to-noise ratio applications in focus-free spatial filtering and anti-noise systems in telecommunications.
NanoLEDs for energy-efficient and gigahertz-speed spike-based sub-λ neuromorphic nanophotonic computing
Authors: Romeira Bruno , Figueiredo José M. L. , Javaloyes Julien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvent-activated biological-inspired subwavelength (sub-λ) photonic neural networks are of key importance for future energy-efficient and high-bandwidth artificial intelligence systems. However, a miniaturized light-emitting nanosource for spike-based operation of interest for neuromorphic optical computing is still lacking. In this work, we propose and theoretically analyze a novel nanoscale nanophotonic neuron circuit. It is formed by a quantum resonant tunneling (QRT) nanostructure monolithic integrated into a sub-λ metal-cavity nanolight-emitting diode (nanoLED). The resulting optical nanosource displays a negative differential conductance which controls the all-or-nothing optical spiking response of the nanoLED. Here we demonstrate efficient activation of the spiking response via high-speed nonlinear electrical modulation of the nanoLED. A model that combines the dynamical equations of the circuit which considers the nonlinear voltage-controlled current characteristic, and rate equations that takes into account the Purcell enhancement of the spontaneous emission, is used to provide a theoretical framework to investigate the optical spiking dynamic properties of the neuromorphic nanoLED. We show inhibitory- and excitatory-like optical spikes at multi-gigahertz speeds can be achieved upon receiving exceptionally low (sub-10 mV) synaptic-like electrical activation signals, lower than biological voltages of 100 mV, and with remarkably low energy consumption, in the range of 10–100 fJ per emitted spike. Importantly, the energy per spike is roughly constant and almost independent of the incoming modulating frequency signal, which is markedly different from conventional current modulation schemes. This method of spike generation in neuromorphic nanoLED devices paves the way for sub-λ incoherent neural elements for fast and efficient asynchronous neural computation in photonic spiking neural networks.
Fabrication of highly uniform nanoprobe via the automated process for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Dong Hyeon , Lee Chanwoo , Jeong Byeong Geun , Kim Sung Hyuk , Jeong Mun Seok 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In a tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) system, using a sharp nanotip that comprises a noble metal is critical to attaining high spatial resolution and highly enhanced Raman scattering. A strongly acidic solution is typically used to fabricate gold nanotips in a quick and reliable manner. However, using an acidic solution could corrode the etching system, thereby posing hazardous problems. Therefore, both the corrosion of the etching system and human error induced by the conventional method considerably decrease the quality and reproducibility of the tip. In this study, we significantly increased the reproducibility of tip fabrication by automating the electrochemical etching system. In addition, we optimized the etching conditions for an etchant that comprised a KCl solution to which ethanol was added to overcome the limitations of the acidic etchant. The automated etching system significantly increases the yield rate of tip-fabrication reproducibility from 65 to 95%. The standard deviation of the radius of curvature decreased to 7.3 nm with an average radius of curvature of 30 nm. Accordingly, the automated electrochemical etching system might improve the efficiency of TERS.
Solvability of fractional dynamic systems utilizing measure of noncompactness
Authors: Nashine Hemant Kumar , Ibrahim Rabha W. , Arab Reza , Rabbani Mohsen 
Published: June 2020

Fractional dynamics is a scope of study in science considering the action of systems. These systems are designated by utilizing derivatives of arbitrary orders. In this effort, we discuss the sufficient conditions for the existence of the mild solution (m-solution) of a class of fractional dynamic systems (FDS). We deal with a new family of fractional m-solution in Rn for fractional dynamic systems. To accomplish it, we introduce first the concept of (F, ψ)-contraction based on the measure of noncompactness in some Banach spaces. Consequently, we establish requisite fixed point theorems (FPTs), which extend existing results following the Krasnoselskii FPT and coupled fixed point results as a outcomes of derived one. Finally, we give a numerical example to verify the considered FDS, and we solve it by iterative algorithm constructed by semianalytic method with high accuracy. The solution can be considered as bacterial growth system when the time interval is large.
Penentuan Daya Dukung Lingkungan dan Faktor Pembatasnya di Tambak Kecamatan Tabalar dan Biatan, Kabupaten Berau, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Mustafa Andi Akhmad , Hasnawi Hasnawi , Ratnawati Erna , Asaad A.Indra Jaya 
Published: June 2020

Daya dukung dan faktor pembatasnya memiliki pengaruh penting terhadap keberhasilan kegiatan akuakultur, termasuk tambak di Kabupaten Berau. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menentukan daya dukung lingkungan dan faktor pembatasnya di tambak Kecamatan Tabalar dan Biatan, Kabupaten Berau, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur agar produktivitas tambak dapat ditingkatkan dan berkelanjutan. Faktor yang dipertimbangkan dalam analisis daya dukung lingkungan dan faktor pembatasnyaadalah topografi dan hidrologi, kualitas tanah, kualitas air, dan iklim. Penentuan daya dukung lingkungan dengan sistem pembobotan yang mengacu pada modifikasi Poernomo (1992) diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini. Faktor pembatas daya dukung lingkungan ditentukan dengan mengembangkan pendapat dari Sys et al. (1993). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya dukung lingkungan di kawasan pertambakan di Kecamatan Tabalar dan Biatan adalah masing-masing 67,36 dan 65,84%, sehingga luas tambak yang dapat didukung berturut-turut: 533,95 dan 38,50 ha. Di Kecamatan Tabalar dan Biatan didapatkan faktor pembatas sedang dari daya dukung lingkungan tambak berupa ∆ pH (pHF-pHFOX) tanah, C organik tanah, N-total tanah, dan bahan organik total air, sedangkan faktor pembatas berat berupa PO4 air, NH3 air, dan bulan kering. Untuk mengurangi faktor pembatas sehingga meningkatkan daya dukung lingkungan tambak disarankan untuk menerapkan konservasi lahan, meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, dan mengelola air secara tepat.
Biochar and Trichoderma aureoviride applied to the sandy soil: effect on soil quality and watermelon growth
Authors: MEDEIROS Erika V. , MORAES Marcele C.H.S. , COSTA Diogo P. , DUDA Gustavo P. , SILVA Jenifer S.A. , OLIVEIRA Julyana B. , LIMA José R. S. , MENEZES Romulo S. C. , HAMMECKER Claude 
Published: June 2020

Trichoderma spp. are an alternative to increase plant growth and as biological control agents of diseases. Biochar added to soil and Trichoderma can result in the enhancement of crop development and can aid in preventing fertilizer run-off, improving plant health, retaining soil moisture, and helping plants through drought periods. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding the combined effect of biochar and Trichoderma on soil quality and crop growth. The objective of the present study was to evaluate this combined effect and show a new approach of biochar as a route of T. aureoviride (T) inoculation. We evaluated three sources of biochar, bean husks, coﬀee grounds, and coﬀee husks, with or without T and additional control that was devoid of biochar and T. The association of all biochar sources with T showed a significant increase in watermelon growth and soil quality. Biochar coffee grounds with T increased urease, β-glucosidase, and total organic carbon, showing the potential of this combination in these processes. Watermelon plants cultivated in soil with coffee grounds and T showed plant length and shoot dry biomass increases of 129% and 192%, respectively. Thus, this study found that biochar use plays an important role in the effectiveness of T. aureoviride applications and is a new instrument for sustainable agriculture.
Flavonoid accumulation and identification of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in Dimocarpus longan lour. by transcriptome sequencing
Authors: ZHENG Wei , ZHANG Ziwei , YU Xuefei , DONG Xueming , ZHANG Qiuying 
Published: June 2020

Dimocarpus longan Lour. (D. longan) is widely cultivated and is very popular around the world. Its by-products such as roots and leaves have been used as traditional Chinese medicines due to their content of important secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids. However, the economic value and application of D. longan roots and leaves are limited because they accumulate relatively low levels of flavonoids. Therefore, it is important to find key genes that regulate the accumulation of the predominant flavonoid compounds in D. longan roots and leaves. Here, we have used RNA-sequencing to describe the transcriptome of D. longan. We obtained 75,229,529 raw reads and 15.04 GB of clean data, generating 56,055 unigenes (N50 = 1,583 nt, mean length = 829.61 nt). Next, we annotated these unigenes using the various available bioinformatics databases. By this approach, we identified 6,684 genes differentially expressed between root and leaf tissues, of which thirteen were identified as flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Of these, eight genes were much highly expressed in roots (DlC4H, DlHCT, DlDFR, DlANS, DlANR, DlCHS, DlF3′H, and DlF3H), and two were much highly expressed in leaves (DlLAR and DlFLS). The contents of thirteen flavonoids in D. longan roots and leaves were measured by LC-MS, and epicatechin was found to be the predominant flavonoid in both tissues, which was significantly higher than the other flavonoids measured in the study. Its contents were 213,773.65 ng/g in roots and 22,388.71 ng/g in leaves. Our findings will facilitate efforts to increase the economic value and expand the applications of D. longan roots and leaves by means of genetic engineering.
Evaluation of API 20E system in fluorescent Pseudomonas identification from button mushroom Agaricus bisporus cultivation casing soil
Authors: MOHAMMAD Anwar O. , ALKURTANY Abdulkareem E.S. , HASSAN Abdullah A. 
Published: June 2020

Bacterial activity, mainly Pseudomonas spp. plays a vital role in the fruiting process of white button mushroom, hence a rapid procedure to identify these bacteria is crucial. In the current study, the validity of commercial identification system, Analytical profile index API 20E to identify Pseudomonas isolates from mushroom casing soil were assessed. Using API strips fifty bacterial isolates from a selective medium (King B medium) were examined, all isolates were belonged to the genus Pseudomonas according to API 20E identification systems. However, only 74% of Pseudomonas bacteria were identified to species level. The molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene was used as a reference tool to identify bacteria at the species level. The results show that the accuracy of the system to classify florescent Pseudomonas to species level was 60%. This was species dependant, and the system accuracy were 100%, 87.5%, 81.3% and 63% in identifying P. aeruginosa, P. putida, P. fluorescens and P. tolaasii respectively. Our finding indicates that although the classification of the Pseudomonas genus with API 20E system is useful, but it is not enough to distinguish these bacteria to species level, genomic studies are necessary to confirm the exact taxonomic position of Pseudomonas spp.
Improving haemophilia diagnosis in developing countries: the Malian experience
Authors: Diallo YL , Poudiougo A , Drame BSI , Traore AS , Cissoko Y , Doumbere M , Kone H , Sountoura Z , Diakite AA , Sidibe AT , Schved JF 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Around 90% of all undiagnosed people with haemophilia (PWH) live in developing countries. In Mali, in sub-Saharan Africa, nearly 90% of potential PWH are not identified. We initiated a two-year study involving an integrated programme of training and awareness-raising with the aim of improving diagnosis and access to care for PWH, based on partnership with those who regularly interact with them.

Methodology
Our training programme focused on four regions of Mali and the district of Bamako, and included three types of health professionals from different districts and hospitals: medical doctor, nurse and laboratory technician. We also targeted traditional healers, who continue to be strongly involved in local healthcare, and provided training sessions for patients and their families on the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and complications of haemophilia. A complementary programme of awareness-raising, including the national media, ran alongside the training sessions.

Results
Overall, the programme involved 495 participants: 213 health care professionals, 24 patients, 79 parents of patients, 126 traditional healers, and 53 media workers. A direct result was development of collaboration between these groups in identifying haemophilia, and the transfer of four patients from a traditional healer's office to hospital for diagnosis and treatment. The number of diagnosed PWH increased from 42 in 2016 to 126 in 2017.

Conclusion
The integrated haemophilia educational programme, which took into account the nature of the local environment and involved all relevant stakeholders, showed that taking a collaborative approach is a successful strategy for improving diagnosis and care for PWH in Mali. This approach could be relevant in other developing countries.
Implementasi Algoritma Decision Tree Boardgame Dwipantara sebagai Media Pembelajaran Sejarah Kerajaan untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa SD
Authors: Augustianingrum Nurul Khofifah , Padmasari Ayung Candra 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAKMedia pembelajaran yang interaktif sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengoptimalkan peran guru untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa, terlebih bila materi mata pelajaran sejarah yang akan disampaikan guru sangat banyak. Salah satu media yang menarik dan dapat menjadi solusi adalah boardgame, atau permainan papan. peneliti mengembangkan boardgame untuk pembelajaran sejarah kerajaan nusantara bersistem monopoli. Dimana materi dalam game tersebut merupakan materi yang disampaikan untuk siswa di kelas 5 sekolah dasar. Perancangan media pembelajaran sejarah ini menerapkan sebuah metode pembelajaran dengan pendekatan melalui game. Dengan jenis media yang diangkat adalah jenis permainan papan. Metode yang diterapkan dalam perancangan ini adalah algoritma decision tree untuk proses pengklasifikasian menang dan kalah. Decision tree atau pohon keputusan memetakan berbagai alternatif yang mungkin untuk mengatasi suatu masalah, terdapat juga faktor-faktor kemungkinan yang dapat mempengaruhi alternatif tersebut beserta estimasi alternatif yang ada. Klasifikasi akan digunakan sebagai patokan, bagaimana pemain menang dan kalah serta mengklasifikasikan alur permainan. Perancangan boardgames “Dwipantara” ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan jiwa kompetitif, kooperatif dan akan membuat siswa bergerak dan bekerja dalam kelompok. Hasil dari penelitian berupa variasi media belajar mata pelajaran sejarah yang lebih efektif dan inovatif untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa SD berbasis permainan ABSTRACTInteractive learning media is needed to optimize the teacher's role to improve student understanding. especially if the history subject matter that will be delivered by the teacher is very much. One of the interesting media and can be a solution is board game.Researchers developed a board game for learning the history of the archipelago kingdom with a monopoly model. Where the material in the game is material delivered to students in grade 5 elementary school. The design of this history learning media applies a learning method with an approach through games. The method applied in this design is the decision tree algorithm for the win and lose classification process. Decision tree or decision tree maps various possible alternatives to overcome a problem, there are also possible factors that can affect these alternatives along with the estimation of existing alternatives. Classification will be used as a benchmark, how players win and lose and classify the flow of the game. The design of the "Dwipantara" boardgames is expected to increase the competitive, cooperative spirit and will make students move and work in groups.The results of the research in the form of a variety of media for learning history subjects are more effective and innovative to increase learning interest in elementary school-based on game.
Bilim Dünyamızın Kanayan Yarasında Yeni İcatlar veya Adı Konulmamış Yayın Etiği İhlalleri
Authors: KÖKSAL M. Fatih 
Published: June 2020

Etik değerler “erdemli insan” olma ülküsünün doğal ve beklenen bir sonucudur. Yayın etiği,
bilimsel etiğin, bilimsel etik de mesleki etiğin bir parçasıdır. Mesleki etik, her meslek dalının
kendine özgü, uzun bir zaman içinde oluşmuş, doğal ve beklenen davranış normları bütünüdür.
Hangi meslek olursa olsun, mensuplarının insani, ahlaki ve vicdani bakımdan uyması gereken
ilkeler vardır. Bu ilkelerin, meslek mensubunun kendisine, meslektaşlarına, yaşadığı topluma ve
nihayet topyekûn insanlığa yönelik sorumluluk kompartımanları vardır.
Bilimsel etik bilimsel araştırma yapan herkesin uyması ve benimsemesi gereken etik/ahlaki
değerlerin genel adıdır. Bilimsel etiğin en somut tezahürü, en önemli parçası ise yayın etiğidir.
Yayın etiği, bilimsel çalışmalarda araştırmacının uyması gereken etik ilkeler bütünüdür. Yayın
etiğine riayet bilim adamında bulunması gereken doğal bir davranış biçimi olmalıdır.
Ülkemizde yayın etiği ilkeleri, ilgili kurumlar tarafından yasa, yönetmelik ve yönergeler
çerçevesinde belirlenmiştir. Ne var ki uygulamada söz konusu yasa ve yönetmeliklerde
tanımlanmamış etik ihlallerin varlığı dikkatlerden kaçmamaktadır. Başka bir deyişle sahadaki
uygulamalar, yeni yasal düzenlemelerin zorunlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu makalede adı
konulmamış, tanımlanmamış yayın etiği ihlalleri ele alınmıştır.
Comparison between students’ perception and examination validity, reliability and items difficulty: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rezigalla Assad , Eleragi Ali , Elkhalifa Masoud , Mohammed Ammar 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Students' perception of an examination reflects their feelings, while its item analysis refers to a statistical analysis of students’ responses to examination items. The study was conducted to compare the student’s perception towards examination to its item analysis. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the college of medicine, from January to April 2019. The study used a structured questionnaire and standardized item analysis of students’ examinations. All students who had registered for semester two (2018-2019) were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included students who refused to participate in the study or those who did not fill the questionnaire.
Result: KR-20 of the examination was 0.906. The average difficulty index of the examination was 69.4. The response rate of the questionnaire was 88.9% (40/45). Students considered the examination to be easy (70.4%). A significant correlation was reported between student perceptions towards examination difficulty and standard examination difficulty.
Discussion: Student perceptions support the evidence of examination validity. Students were found able to estimate examination difficulty.
Keywords: Student perception, Item analysis, Assessment, validity, reliability.
Evaluation of the Adherence of Obstetricians to International Guidelines for Dispensing Misoprostol and Oxytocin in Saad Abu Ella Maternity Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Elbashir Mona , Badi Safaa , Abdulraheem Muhammad , Yousef Bashir 
Published: June 2020

Background: Misoprostol and oxytocin are commonly prescribed drugs by obstetricians to induce labor and prevent postpartum hemorrhage. In Sudan, there is no national guideline for prescribing these drugs. Thus, the prescribers follow the international guidelines. Hence, our study aimed to evaluate the adherence of Sudanese obstetricians to the international guidelines for dispensing misoprostol and oxytocin.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive hospital-based study was performed at Saad Abu Ella hospital through their medical files archived in 2018 using a checklist designed by the researcher. Collected data were analyzed and presented in frequency tables using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).
Results: A total of 357 medical files were evaluated, about 50% of cases examined was in the 25–35 years age range, multigravida pregnant ladies were 62%. General indications of oxytocin and/or misoprostol were induction of labor (17%), postpartum hemorrhage prevention (PPH) after normal vaginal delivery (NVD) (30%) and cesarean sections (32%), evacuation of incomplete miscarriage (20%), and termination of pregnancy (1%). Compared to the guidelines, only 14% were given the recommended regimens for labor induction; 9.4% of women who had undergone NVD were given the recommended regimen to prevent PPH. While, 57% and 43% of the cases with incomplete miscarriage and termination of pregnancy were given the recommended regimens, respectively. Based on the correct indication, total adherence was estimated to be 17%.
Conclusions: Higher percentages of cases with incomplete miscarriage and intrauterine fetal death were given the recommended regimens to manage them. While, lower percentages of the participants were given the recommended regimens for labor induction and to prevent PPH.
Key words: misoprostol, oxytocin, obstetricians, adherence, international guidelines