bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the Adriatic to Northern Norway—geographic differences in moult increment and moult probability of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus), across the natural range
Authors: Coleman Matthew T , Agnalt Anne-Lisbeth , Emmerson Jack , Laurens Martial , Porter Joanne S , Bell Michael C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study collated existing data on lobster moult increment from studies across the range of Homarus gammarus, together with new tagging data from Orkney, United Kingdom. Generalized additive models were used to investigate geographical differences in absolute moult increment and moult probability. Absolute moult increment was seen to differ significantly between regions and between sexes and showed a non-linear relationship with pre-moult size. Smaller absolute moult increments were observed at southern and northern latitudes with larger increments observed in the centre of the species range. Temperature was identified as a significant factor explaining differences in absolute moult increment between regions, consistent with there being a thermal optimum for growth for in H. gammarus. Moult and double moult probabilities decline with pre-moult size, with greatest probability of moulting occurring around day 250. Probability of double moulting increased with mean annual sea surface temperature. Regionally variable growth patterns, and localized adaptation to abiotic variables such as temperature, should therefore be taken into account when defining lobster stock assessment and fishery management areas.
Tuna aggregation dynamics at Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices: a view through the eyes of commercial echosounder buoys
Authors: Baidai Yannick , Dagorn Laurent , Amandè Monin J , Gaertner Daniel , Capello Manuela 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study addresses novel questions on the dynamics of tuna aggregations around floating objects, using echosounder buoys data collected throughout the drifts of newly deployed Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (DFADs) in the Atlantic Ocean (AO) and Indian Ocean (IO). Time series of presence/absence of tunas were obtained by supervised classification of acoustic data. To avoid biases related to the variability in individual DFAD soak times, a new approach was developed to estimate the average colonization time of new DFADs by tuna aggregations. We showed that tunas colonize DFADs after an average of 16 days in the AO, and 40 days in the IO. Moreover, the analysis indicated that the time span during which tuna aggregations occupy DFADs is driven by a time-independent process with short- and long-term residence modes. On average, DFADs were continuously occupied by tuna aggregations for 6 and 9 days in the IO and AO, respectively. The time between two consecutive aggregations at the same DFAD averaged 9 days in the IO and 5 days in the AO. Throughout their soak time after being colonized, DFADs remained occupied for a larger proportion of time in the AO (63%) than in the IO (45%).
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement: tissue in-growth after 4 weeks
Authors: Lutter Georg , Bax Lennart , Liu Yazhou , Hansen Jan-Hinnerk , Frank Derk , Freitag-Wolf Sandra , Simionescu Agneta , Sathananthan Janarthanan , Puehler Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Tissue reaction to transcatheter mitral valve replacement in the mitral annulus remains to be elucidated.

METHODS
Trileaflet porcine pericardial valves were sewn onto self-expanding d-shaped nitinol stents, which were delivered transapically and in an off-pump fashion into the mitral position of 10 pigs. After at least 4 weeks of follow-up, gross pathological assessment and histological examination were performed. The specimens were stained with Movat’s pentachrome, Elastica-van-Gieson and von Kossa staining. The leucocytes, B cells, T cells or macrophages were detected by specific immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTS
Proper stent positioning in the mitral annulus was achieved in 9/10 animals. Nine of 10 animals survived the desired observation period. In all but one, the mitral valve stent was well integrated into the left atrium and perpendicularly embedded into the annulus by 85 ± 24%. One animal had minor fractures in the nitinol struts and another animal showed tearing of 1 of 4 tethers. Histological examination demonstrated no major tissue reaction with the nitninol struts but well-preserved overall structures around the mitral annulus in 8/9 cases.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report demonstrating good in-growth of transcatheter-delivered anatomically shaped mitral valve stents after at least 4 weeks of follow-up. Histological examination demonstrated progressive healing and neointimalization.
Central Diagonal Sections of the n-Cube
Authors: Bartha Ferenc Ágoston , Fodor Ferenc , González Merino Bernardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We prove that the volume of central hyperplane sections of a unit cube in $\mathbb{R}^n$ orthogonal to a main diagonal of the cube is a strictly monotonically increasing function of the dimension for $n\geq 3$. Our argument uses an integral formula that goes back to Pólya [ 20] (see also [ 14] and [ 3]) for the volume of central sections of the cube and Laplace’s method to estimate the asymptotic behavior of the integral. First, we show that monotonicity holds starting from some specific $n_0$. Then, using interval arithmetic and automatic differentiation, we compute an explicit bound for $n_0$ and check the remaining cases between $3$ and $n_0$ by direct computation.
Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine: Prevention of Varicella and of Zoster
Authors: Gershon Anne A , Gershon Michael D , Shapiro Eugene D 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMichiaki Takahashi developed the live attenuated varicella vaccine in 1974 . This was the first, and is still the only, herpesvirus vaccine. Early studies showed promise, but the vaccine was rigorously tested on immunosuppressed patients because of their high risk of fatal varicella; vaccination proved to be lifesaving. Subsequently, the vaccine was found to be safe and effective in healthy children. Eventually, varicella vaccine became a component of measles mumps rubella vaccine, 2 doses of which are administered in the USA to ~90% of children. The incidence of varicella has dropped dramatically in the USA since vaccine-licensure in 1995. Varicella vaccine is also associated with a decreased incidence of zoster and is protective for susceptible adults. Today, immunocompromised individuals are protected against varicella due to vaccine-induced herd immunity. Latent infection with varicella zoster virus occurs after vaccination; however, the vaccine strain is impaired for its ability to reactivate.
How effective are electronic medication systems in reducing medication error rates and associated harm among hospital inpatients? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gates Peter J , Hardie Rae-Anne , Raban Magdalena Z , Li Ling , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess: 1) changes in medication error rates and associated patient harm following electronic medication system (EMS) implementation; and 2) evidence of system-related medication errors facilitated by the use of an EMS.

Materials and Methods
We searched Medline, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL for studies published between January 2005 and March 2019, comparing medication errors rates with or without assessments of related harm (actual or potential) before and after EMS implementation. EMS was defined as a computer-based system enabling the prescribing, supply, and/or administration of medicines. Study quality was assessed.

Results
There was substantial heterogeneity in outcomes of the 18 included studies. Only 2 were strong quality. Meta-analysis of 5 studies reporting change in actual harm post-EMS showed no reduced risk (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.18–8.38, P = .8) and meta-analysis of 3 studies reporting change in administration errors found a significant reduction in error rates (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.72–0.83, P = .004). Of 10 studies of prescribing error rates, 9 reported a reduction but variable denominators precluded meta-analysis. Twelve studies provided specific examples of system-related medication errors; 5 quantified their occurrence.

Discussion and Conclusion
Despite the wide-scale adoption of EMS in hospitals around the world, the quality of evidence about their effectiveness in medication error and associated harm reduction is variable. Some confidence can be placed in the ability of systems to reduce prescribing error rates. However, much is still unknown about mechanisms which may be most effective in improving medication safety and design features which facilitate new error risks.
Comparative analysis reveals gravity is involved in the MIZ1-regulated root hydrotropism
Authors: Li Ying , Yuan Wei , Li Luocheng , Dai Hui , Dang Xiaolin , Miao Rui , Baluška František , Kronzucker Herbert J , Lu Congming , Zhang Jianhua , Xu Weifeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hydrotropism is the directed growth of roots toward the water found in the soil. However, mechanisms governing interactions between hydrotropism and gravitropism remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that an air system and an agar–sorbitol system induced only oblique water-potential gradients; an agar–glycerol system induced only vertical water-potential gradients; and a sand system established both oblique and vertical water-potential gradients. We employed obliquely oriented and vertically oriented experimental systems to study hydrotropism in Arabidopsis and tomato plants. Comparative analyses using different hydrotropic systems showed that gravity hindered the ability of roots to search for obliquely oriented water, whilst facilitating roots’ search for vertically oriented water. We found that the gravitropism-deficient mutant aux1 showed enhanced hydrotropism in the oblique orientation but impaired root elongation towards water in the vertical orientation. The miz1 mutant exhibited deficient hydrotropism in the oblique orientation but normal root elongation towards water in the vertical orientation. Importantly, in contrast to miz1, the miz1/aux1 double mutant exhibited hydrotropic bending in the oblique orientation and attenuated root elongation towards water in the vertical orientation. Our results suggest that gravitropism is required for MIZ1-regulated root hydrotropism in both the oblique orientation and the vertical orientation, providing further insight into the role of gravity in root hydrotropism.
Cytokinin regulates the activity of the inflorescence meristem and components of seed yield in oilseed rape
Authors: Schwarz Ireen , Scheirlinck Marie-Therese , Otto Elisabeth , Bartrina Isabel , Schmidt Ralf-Christian , Schmülling Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The number of flowers and seed-bearing structures formed by the inflorescence meristem and the formation of ovules in the female reproductive part of the flowers are important yield-related traits of crop plants. It has been shown that cytokinin is a pivotal factor regulating these traits. Here, we explore the impact of mutation of CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE (CKX) genes encoding cytokinin-degrading enzymes on these yield-related traits in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). We describe the identification of four BnCKX3 and two BnCKX5 genes as regulators of reproductive development in the allotetraploid B. napus. RNA-seq analysis and in situ hybridization showed expression of these genes in reproductive organs. Loss-of-function mutants for each of these CKX gene copies were identified by targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) and combined by crossing. Sextuple ckx3 ckx5 mutants showed an increased cytokinin concentration and larger and more active inflorescence meristems. They also produced up to 72% more flowers with gynoecia containing 32% more ovules and up to 54% more pods on the main stem. The weight of seeds harvested from the main stem of plants grown in the greenhouse or in the field was increased by 20–32%. Our results show that cytokinin regulates inflorescence meristem and placenta activity in oilseed rape. The work demonstrates the potential to achieve yield enhancement in a dicot crop plant by modulating the cytokinin status through mutagenesis of specific CKX genes.
Nitric oxide production and signalling in algae
Authors: Astier Jeremy , Rossi Jordan , Chatelain Pauline , Klinguer Agnès , Besson-Bard Angélique , Rosnoblet Claire , Jeandroz Sylvain , Nicolas-Francès Valérie , Wendehenne David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) was the first identified gaseous messenger and is now well established as a major ubiquitous signalling molecule. The rapid development of our understanding of NO biology in embryophytes came with the partial characterization of the pathways underlying its production and with the decrypting of signalling networks mediating its effects. Notably, the identification of proteins regulated by NO through nitrosation greatly enhanced our perception of NO functions. In comparison, the role of NO in algae has been less investigated. Yet, studies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have produced key insights into NO production through the identification of NO-forming nitrite reductase and of S-nitrosated proteins. More intriguingly, in contrast to embryophytes, a few algal species possess a conserved nitric oxide synthase, the main enzyme catalysing NO synthesis in metazoans. This latter finding paves the way for a deeper characterization of novel members of the NO synthase family. Nevertheless, the typical NO–cyclic GMP signalling module transducing NO effects in metazoans is not conserved in algae, nor in embryophytes, highlighting a divergent acquisition of NO signalling between the green and the animal lineages.
Uncovering Environmental Change in the English Lake District: Using Computational Techniques to Trace the Presence and Documentation of Historical Flora
Authors: Smail Robert , Donaldson Chris , Govaerts Rafaël , Rayson Paul , Stevens Carly 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There is a lack of concrete knowledge about floristic change in Britain before the mid-20th century. Relevant evidence is available, but it is principally contained in disparate historical sources. In this article, we demonstrate how such sources can be efficiently collated and analysed through the implementation of state-of-the-art computational-linguistic and historical-geographic information systems (GIS) techniques. We do so through a case study that focuses on the floristic history of the English Lake District. This region has been selected because of its outstanding cultural and environmental value and because it has been extensively and continuously documented since the late-17th century. We outline how natural language processing (NLP) techniques can be integrated with Kew’s Plants of the World Online database to enable temporal shifts in plant-naming conventions to be more accurately traced across a heterogeneous corpus of texts published between 1682 and 1904. Through collocate analysis and automated geoparsing techniques, the geographies associated with these plant names are then identified and extracted. Finally, we use GIS to demonstrate the potential of this data set for geo-temporal analysis and for revealing the historical distribution of Lake District flora. In outlining our methodology, this article indicates how the spatial and digital humanities can benefit research both in environmental history and in the environmental sciences more widely.
The effect of chronic dosing and p53 status on the genotoxicity of pro-oxidant chemicals in vitro
Authors: Dural Emrah , Shah Ume-Kulsoom , Pritchard Demi , Chapman Katherine Emma , Doak Shareen Heather , Jenkins Gareth James Scott 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, we have studied the cytotoxicity and genotoxic potency of 3 pro-oxidants; H2O2, menadione and KBrO3 in different dosing scenarios, namely acute (1-day dosing) and chronic (5-days). For this purpose, relative population doubling (RPD%) and mononucleated micronucleus (MN) test were used. TK6 cells and NH32 were employed in in vitro experiments. In the study, the total acute dose was divided into 5 days for each prooxidant chemicals by dose fractionation (1/5th per day) method. Acute dosing was compared to chronic dosing. The oxidative stress caused by the exposure of cells with pro-oxidant chemicals to the cells was determined by an optimized 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA) test method. The antioxidant levels of the cell lines were altered with buthionine sulfoxide (BSO) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and the effect of antioxidant capacity on the MN formation in the cells was observed with this method. In the case of H2O2 and menadione, fractional dosing has been observed to result in lower toxicity and lower genotoxicity. But in the case of KBrO3, unlike the other 2 pro-oxidants, higher MN induction was observed with fractionated doses. DCFHDA test clearly demonstrated ROS induction with H2O2 and menadione but not with KBrO3. Unexpectedly, DCFHDA test demonstrated that KBrO3 did not cause an increase ROS levels in both acute and chronic dosing, suggesting an alternative ROS induction mechanism. It was also observed that, treatment with BSO and NAC, caused increasing and decreasing of MN fold change respectively, allowing further ROS specific mechanisms to be explored. Hence, dose fractionation expectedly caused less MN, cytotoxicity and ROS formation with H2O2 and menadione exposure, but not with KBrO3. This implies a unique mechanism of action for KBrO3 induced genotoxicity. Chronic dosing in vitro may be a valuable approach allowing better understanding of how chemicals damage DNA and pose human hazards.
Tiny noise, big mistakes: adversarial perturbations induce errors in brain–computer interface spellers
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wu Dongrui , Ding Lieyun , Luo Hanbin , Lin Chin-Teng , Jung Tzyy-Ping , Chavarriaga Ricardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) speller allows a user to input text to a computer by thought. It is particularly useful to severely disabled individuals, e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, who have no other effective means of communication with another person or a computer. Most studies so far focused on making EEG-based BCI spellers faster and more reliable; however, few have considered their security. This study, for the first time, shows that P300 and steady-state visual evoked potential BCI spellers are very vulnerable, i.e. they can be severely attacked by adversarial perturbations, which are too tiny to be noticed when added to EEG signals, but can mislead the spellers to spell anything the attacker wants. The consequence could range from merely user frustration to severe misdiagnosis in clinical applications. We hope our research can attract more attention to the security of EEG-based BCI spellers, and more broadly, EEG-based BCIs, which has received little attention before.
COVID-19 prevention and control in China: grid governance
Authors: Wei Yujun , Ye Zhonghua , Cui Meng , Wei Xiaokun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide and caused negative economic and health effects. China is one of the most seriously affected countries, and it has adopted grid governance measures at the basic level of society, which include city lockdown, household survey and resident quarantine. By the end of April, China had basically brought the pandemic under control within its own borders, and residents’ lives and factory production gradually began to return to normal. In referring to the specific cases of different communities, schools, and enterprises in the four cities of Anhui, Beijing, Shenzhen and Zibo, we analyze grid-based governance measures and we summarize the effectiveness and shortcomings of these measures and discuss foundations and future challenges of grid governance. We do so in the expectation (and hope) that the world will gain a comprehensive understanding of China’s situation and introduce effective measures that enable the prevention and control of COVID-19.
Institutionally embedded research; how academic and governmental practices enable and constrain collaborative research
Authors: Duiveman Robert (R M ) 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo elucidate how authoritative knowledge is established for better dealing with unstructured urban problems, this article describes how collaborations between researchers and officials become an instrument for conceptualizing and addressing policy problems. A case study is used to describe a research consortium evaluating the controversial practice of ‘Lifestyle’ based housing allocation in the Dutch domain of social-housing. Analyzing this case in key episodes, we see researchers and policymakers selectively draw on established institutional practices—their so called ‘home practices’—to jointly (re-)structure problems. In addition, we find that restructuring problems is not only intertwined with, but also deliberately aimed at (re-)structuring the relations within and between the governmental practices, the actors are embedded in. It is by selectively tinkering with knowledges, values, norms, and criteria that the actors can deliberately enable and constrain the ways a real-world problem is addressed.
Family-based nutrition interventions for obesity prevention among school-aged children: a systematic review
Authors: Perdew Megan , Liu Sam , Naylor Patti-Jean 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Effective evidence-informed family-based nutrition interventions for childhood obesity management are needed. (a) To assess the number and quality of published randomized controlled trials incorporating family-based nutrition interventions for childhood obesity (ages 5–18 years) management and (b) to identify intervention attributes (e.g., contact time, nutrition curricula, and behavior change strategies) used in successful interventions. Studies that met eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials and family-based childhood obesity management interventions for children and adolescents ages 5–18 years old that included a healthy eating component and measured child dietary behaviors and/or parent dietary feeding practices. Six databases were searched: CINAHL complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MEDLINE with full text (PubMed), PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and ERIC (EBSCO Host). The validated Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess study quality. Eight studies met eligibility criteria. Study quality analysis showed that blinding of the research teams (e.g., analysts, and those focused on data collection) and the use of age appropriate, valid, and reliable instruments were areas of concern. Successful nutrition interventions targeting children 5–18 years old, appear to include setting family-based goals, modifying home food environment, hands-on approaches to teaching nutrition (games, group-based activities), and fruit and vegetable vouchers. This review highlighted a limited amount of moderate to high quality evidence to suggest that family-based nutrition interventions can be successful in improving dietary behaviors and that interventions with positive outcomes had some components of nutrition curricula and strategies in common.