bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What controls the formation of nocturnal low-level stratus clouds over southern West Africa during the monsoon season?
Authors: Babić Karmen , Kalthoff Norbert , Adler Bianca , Quinting Julian F. , Lohou Fabienne , Dione Cheikh , Lothon Marie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Nocturnal low-level stratus clouds (LLCs) are frequently observed in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over
southern West Africa (SWA) during the summer monsoon season. Considering the effect these clouds have on the surface energy and
radiation budgets as well as on the diurnal cycle of the ABL, they are undoubtedly important for the regional climate.
However, an adequate representation of LLCs in the state-of-the-art weather and climate models is still a challenge,
which is largely due to the lack of high-quality observations in this region
and gaps in understanding of underlying processes.
In several recent studies, a unique and comprehensive data set collected in summer 2016 during the DACCIWA
(Dynamics-aerosol-chemistry-cloud interactions in West Africa) ground-based field campaign
was used for the first observational analyses of the parameters and physical processes relevant for the LLC formation
over SWA. However, occasionally stratus-free nights occur during the monsoon season as well.
Using observations and ERA5 reanalysis, we investigate differences in the boundary-layer conditions during 6 stratus-free and
20 stratus nights observed during the DACCIWA campaign.
Our results suggest that the interplay between three major mechanisms is crucial for the formation of LLCs
during the monsoon season: (i) the onset time and strength of the nocturnal low-level jet
(NLLJ), (ii) horizontal cold-air advection, and (iii) background moisture level. Namely, weaker or
later onset of NLLJ leads to a reduced contribution from horizontal cold-air advection. This in turn results in weaker
cooling, and thus saturation is not reached.
Such deviation in the dynamics of the NLLJ is related to the arrival of a cold air mass propagating northwards from the coast,
called Gulf of Guinea maritime inflow.
Additionally, stratus-free nights occur when the intrusions of dry air masses, originating from, for example, central or south Africa,
reduce the background moisture over large parts of SWA.
Backward-trajectory analysis suggests that another possible reason for clear nights is descending air, which originated
from drier levels above the marine boundary layer.
Measure particulate matter by yourself: data-quality monitoring in a citizen science project
Authors: Benabbas Aboubakr , Geißelbrecht Martin , Nikol Gabriel Martin , Mahr Lukas , Nähr Daniel , Steuer Simon , Wiesemann Gabriele , Müller Thomas , Nicklas Daniela , Wieland Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The concern about air quality in urban areas and the impact of particulate matter (PM) on public health is turning into a big debate. A good solution to sensitize people to this issue is to involve them in the process of air quality monitoring. This paper presents contributions in the field of PM measurements using low-cost sensors. We show how a low-cost PM sensor can be extended to transfer data not only over Wi-Fi but also over the LoRa protocol. Then, we identify some of the correlations existing in the data through data analysis. Afterwards, we show how semantic technologies can help model and control sensor data quality in an increasing PM sensor network. We finally wrap up with a conclusion and plans for future work.
Generalization properties of feed-forward neural networks trained on Lorenz systems
Authors: Scher Sebastian , Messori Gabriele 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Neural networks are able to approximate chaotic dynamical systems when provided with training data that cover all relevant regions of the system's phase space. However, many practical applications diverge from this idealized scenario. Here, we investigate the ability of feed-forward neural networks to (1) learn
the behavior of dynamical systems from incomplete training data
and (2) learn the influence of an external forcing on the dynamics. Climate science is a real-world example where these questions may be relevant: it is concerned with a non-stationary chaotic system subject to external forcing and whose behavior is known only through comparatively short data series. Our analysis is performed on the Lorenz63 and Lorenz95 models. We show that for the Lorenz63 system, neural networks trained on data covering only part of the system's phase space struggle to make skillful short-term forecasts in the regions excluded from the training. Additionally, when making long series of consecutive forecasts, the networks struggle to reproduce trajectories exploring regions beyond those seen in the training data, except for cases where only small parts are left out during training. We find this is due to the neural network learning a localized mapping for each region of phase space in the training data rather than a global mapping. This manifests itself in that parts of the networks learn only particular parts of the phase space. In contrast, for the Lorenz95 system the networks succeed in generalizing to new parts of the phase space not seen in the training data. We also find that the networks are able to learn the influence of an external forcing, but only when given relatively large ranges of the forcing in the training. These results point to potential limitations of feed-forward neural networks in generalizing a system's behavior given limited initial information. Much attention must therefore be given to designing appropriate train-test splits for real-world applications.
Synthesis and Investigation of the Physical Properties of Lead-Free BCZT Ceramics
Authors: Anh Tuan Dang , Thanh Tung Vo , Tran Uyen Tu Le , Van Chuong Truong 
Published: November 2019

This work presents the structure, microstructure, and physical properties of low sintering temperature lead-free ceramics 0.52(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-0.48Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 doped with nano-sized ZnO particles (noted as BCZT/x, x is the content of ZnO nanoparticles in wt.%, x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25). The obtained results of Raman scattering and dielectric measurements have confirmed that Zn2+ has occupied B-site, to cause a deformation in the ABO3-type lattice of the BCZT/x specimens. The 0.15 wt.% ZnO-modified ceramic sintered at 1350°C exhibited excellent piezoelectric parameters: d33 = 420 pC/N, d31 = −174 pC/N, kp = 0.483, kt = 0.423, and k33 = 0.571. The obtained results indicate that the high-quality lead-free BCZT ceramic could be successfully synthesized at a low sintering temperature of 1350°C with an addition of appropriated amount of ZnO nanoparticles. This work also reports the influence of the sintering temperature on structure, microstructure, and piezoelectric properties of BCZT/0.15 compound. By rising sintering temperature, the piezoelectric behaviors were improved and rose up to the best parameters at a sintering temperature of 1450°C (d33 = 576 pC/N and kp = 0.55). The corresponding properties of undoped BCZT ceramics were investigated as a comparison. It also presented that the sintering behavior and piezo-parameters of doped BCZT samples are better than the undoped BCZT samples at each sintering temperature.
El arquitecto como narrador: Cedric Price y el lenguaje de la experiencia
Authors: Njoo Jim , Peñín Llobell Alberto 
Published: November 2019

En su ensayo ‘El Narrador’, Walter Benjamin contrasta la asimilación colectiva de la experiencia y la memoria a través de la tradición de la narración con el sujeto privatizado de la alfabetización burguesa y la temporalidad ‘vacía’ de las noticias modernas. Contrario a la ‘distancia’ creciente establecida por los medios de comunicación en el lenguaje de la experiencia, Benjamin propone la noción de ‘cercanía’ (Nähe) como una posible estrategia para recuperar la intimidad colectiva que percibe en las formas narrativas de la cultura oral. Siguiendo el análisis de Benjamin, este artículo examina el discurso del arquitecto británico Cedric Price (1934-2003) y más concretamente su trabajo como periodista. Price estuvo activamente vinculado al periodismo no sólo en aquello que escribió o dijo sino también en la proximidad que desarrolló hacia sus lectores y su audiencia. Considerando el arquitecto periodista como un “narrador” moderno, este artículo propone una reflexión sobre cómo el discurso arquitectónico puede hoy en día envolver un diálogo más productivo con la práctica profesional y la sociedad en general.
In his essay, ‘The Storyteller’, Walter Benjamin contrasts the collective assimilation of experience and memory through the tradition of storytelling to the privatised subject of bourgeois literacy and the ‘empty’ temporality of modern news. Set against the increasing ‘distance’ that mass media had opened up in the language of experience, Benjamin proposes the notion of ‘nearness’ (Nähe) as a possible strategy to recover the communal intimacy that he perceives in the narrative forms of oral culture. Following Benjamin’s analysis, this article examines the discourse of the British architect, Cedric Price (1934-2003) and more specifically his work as a journalist.
Bóvedas cerámicas. Un viaje transatlántico de ida y vuelta
Authors: Sarrablo Moreno Vicente , Roviras Jordi 
Published: November 2019

En un momento en que se vuelven a apreciar los techos abovedados se considera relevante conocer los progresos de un sistema estructural como las bóvedas latericias que parecían relegadas a la tradición constructiva y que, sin embargo, en los últimos tiempos han alcanzado importantes niveles de industrialización y buenas prestaciones técnicas para competir con los techos planos.La evolución de las bóvedas de ladrillo cerámico ha recorrido un portentoso viaje de ida y vuelta: desde el Mediterráneo hasta América y vuelta a Europa. Su avance a través de los siglos fue mejorando su velocidad constructiva, su configuración formal, su ligereza o su capacidad para cubrir luces cada vez mayores. En distintas épocas los conocimientos sobre las bóvedas tabicadas partieron desde Cataluña cruzando el Atlántico hasta Estados Unidos, Cuba, Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay, México y Brasil. En estos países las bóvedas cerámicas se fueron adaptando a sus circunstancias locales para volver en los años 90 a su lugar de origen perfeccionadas por las experiencias americanas que habían trabajado en dos líneas nuevas: las bóvedas armadas y las bóvedas prefabricadas. Las obras en España de Clemente + de la Hoz, Churtichaga + Quadra Salcedo o Vicente Sarrablo han aprovechado y destilado todos esos adelantos.
Now that vaulted ceilings are again appreciated, it is relevant to know the progress of a structural system such as the vaults that appeared to be relegated to the constructive tradition and that, however, in recent times have reached important levels of industrialization and good technical features that allow them to compete with flat roofs.The evolution of ceramic vaults has gone through a portentous round trip: from the Mediterranean to America and back to Europe. Its progress through the centuries has improved its constructive speed, its formal configuration, its lightness or its capacity to bridge bigger spans.
Maternal Anthropometry and Dietary Diversity Associated with Birth Weight in Maternity Hospitals in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Vanié Stéphane Claver , Gbogouri Grodji Albarin , Edjème-Aké Angèle , Djaman Allico Joseph 
Published: November 2019

Aims: Birth weight is a powerful predictor of infant growth and survival and depends on the fetal growth environment, which is influenced by maternal nutritional status. However, the association between maternal anthropometric and nutritional factors and birth weight is not well characterized in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this study was to determine the maternal anthropometric and nutritional characteristics associated with birth weight.
Study Design: This was a retrospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was done in maternity hospitals of three municipalities in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, from 1st October to 30 November 2018.
Methodology: It consisted in collecting birth data from 146 newborns born from a monofetal pregnancy, whose mothers aged 20 to 42 had participated in a previous survey. Also, the relationship between birth weight, maternal anthropometry and maternal nutrition factors has been studied. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate data analysis was done using SPSS version 25 software.
Results: The results indicate mean birth weight of 3118.48±515.39 g and 7.6% and 5.5% respectively of low and excessive birth weight. In a multivariate linear regression, the mean birth weight of newborns of women with medium and high dietary diversity score was higher than those newborn of women with low dietary diversity score (AOR=0.386, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.072-0.699; p=0.017 and AOR=0.233, 95% CI: 0.016-0.450; p=0.036). Similarly, women with gestational weight gain greater than 7 kg and high stature (>1.55 cm) gave birth to heavier children (AOR=0.551, 95% CI: 0.346-0.756; p=0.000 and AOR=0.633, 95% CI: 0.207-1.059; p=0.004, respectively).
Conclusion: Although it revealed the presence of low and excess birth weight, this study has shown that maternal anthropometry and dietary diversity score were associated with birth weight of the baby.
Assessment of Health Facilities Delivering HIV Services among Patients in Bonny, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Onoja A. J. , N. Akoma O. 
Published: November 2019

Background: The growing spread of HIV and AIDS among the people of Bonny Kingdom and capacity of medical facilities and service providers to respond to the dire situation have long posed public health concern of immeasurable proportion right from the inception of the Ibani-Se HIV/AIDS Baseline Survey Initiative in 2006 to the implementation of a three-year (2008-2011) intervention programme and thereafter. The impact of the provision of ART and other medical services related to HIV on the quality of care and satisfaction of all, HIV and non-HIV patients is unknown, and any available evidence is limited and arguable. The survey sought to know the number of health facility in the locality, the services they offer and most importantly the number of qualified personnel in such health facilities.
Methods: A standardized questionnaire was designed for facility assessment to measure the capacity of health facilities to undertake VCT and ART services. The survey was conducted in sixteen (16) health facilities; fourteen (14) public and two (2) private health facilities located within Bonny town and in the creeks. In each facility, the manager and health providers were surveyed, with at least one provider selected from the HIV/AIDS department; 10 randomly selected persons in the Outpatients Department/Unit including 5 from the HIV/AIDS services were interviewed. A standard health facility assessment checklist was developed to measure the quality of care, capacity of providers, developmental and training needs. Others included conformity to standard of practice and quality of medical equipment. Data was entered with Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) and exported to SPSS or Stata for analysis.
Results: Of the sixteen health facilities, only seven provided both VCT and PMTCT services (Abalamabia health centre, Comprehensive health centre, NLNG RA Hospital, General Hospital, Finima health centre, Good shepherd Health medical lab and Chanel clinic) while one (Island Medical lab) provided VCT services; the others provided neither of the two services. Although, there are fairly adequate number and distribution of health facilities in the LGA, utilization of the general health services was found to have improved when compared to the previous survey. However, lack of structured unit for the provision of VCT and PMTCT services, specifically trained and designated counselors; and poorly motivated public healthcare providers have given rise to concerns about poor access of rural dwellers and inequitable distribution of the few available services, particularly to people most in need.
Conclusion: Implications of this survey were highlighted for a more effective HIV prevention and control programme for wide coverage.
The Level of Awareness Regarding Ten Steps Guideline for Successful Breastfeeding among Hospital Staff
Authors: Khodadadi Milad , Shabestari Ali Arjmand 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of familiarity of hospital personnel with the executive instruction on breastfeeding promotion in the hospital.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on hospital personnel who had entry criteria. Their awareness of the breastfeeding guidelines was checked and recorded on the checklist. This checklist consists of two parts, the first part of which is the demographic information including age, gender and work experience of the participants. The second part of the checklist contains ten questions. In this study, statistical analysis was performed based on SPSS 23 software. In the statistics section, frequency and percentage were used.
Results: In this study, 451 and 228 personnel of Amirkabir and Taleghani Hospitals were enrolled, 75.6% and 76.75% of Amir Kabir Hospital and Taleghani Hospital staffs had an acceptable familiarity with these guidelines. In addition, employees of Taleghani Hospital obtained higher scores than Amir Kabir Hospital staff and this difference was statistically significant. In other words, Taleghani hospital staff was generally more familiar with the guideline for promoting breastfeeding. The age of the personnel has a meaningful relationship with their level of knowledge and employees with the age of 41 to 50 years have the highest level of awareness. The level of knowledge of personnel showed a significant relationship with work experience, where the highest level of personnel awareness was observed in employees with a history of over 20 years.
Conclusion: Although the awareness of hospital staff was good about the 10-point action plan for promoting breastfeeding, however, more training was needed to achieve more favorable outcomes. Our findings showed that personnel with less work experience had less information in this regard.
Isolation and Characterisation of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Raw and Fermented Milk
Authors: Aforijiku S. , Onilude A. A. 
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to isolate and phenotypically characterised lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from samples of raw (cow, goat) and traditional fermented milk product (nono).The assessed characteristics of LAB as indexed in Bergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology are cellular characteristic (Gram staining), growth at pH 4.5 and 9.6, growth in 5% NaCl, production of ammonia from arginine, tolerance to temperature 15 and 45oC, starch hydrolysis, and fermentation of sugars test. Fifty-five LAB were isolated and identified as Pediococcus acidilactici (15), Lactobacillus plantarum (29), Lactobacillus brevis (4), Lactobacillus casei (4), and Lactobacillus fermentum (3). Four species of the Lactobacillus isolated from nono samples were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum while Pediococcus acidilactici was isolated from raw cow and goat milk. Lactobacillus plantarum was the dorminant organism with the highest frequency occurrence of 52.7% while Lactobacillus fermentum had the lowest (5.5%). Lactobacillus species are normally found in fermented milk product which could be of great importance in food industry.
Diagnosis of syphilitic proctitis mimicking ulcerative colitis—A case report
Authors: Tian Ming‐Hung , Chang Chen‐Wang , Wu Pao‐Shu , Chen Ming‐Jen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSyphilis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum. Syphilitic lesions may coexist with other sexually transmitted diseases, and their endoscopic features often overlap with those of inflammatory bowel disease, other infection types, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug enteropathy. Thus, correctly diagnosing these lesions may be difficult, increasing the risk of inappropriate treatment. Here, we report a case of syphilitic proctitis that presented with diffuse rectal ulceration mimicking ulcerative colitis. A 24‐year‐old man presented with diffuse ulceration, observed during colonoscopy, in the region between his anus and rectum. The ulceration mimicked that associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The patient was successfully treated with intramuscular injections of benzylpenicillin (2.4 MU)/week for 3 weeks, resulting in improvements in proctitis. Syphilitic proctitis is rarely reported but is being recognized more frequently because of the increased incidence of syphilis among men who have sex with men. Therefore, clinicians should consider the possibility of syphilitic proctitis in high‐risk patients.
Membranes for CO2 /CH4 and CO2/N2 Gas Separation
Authors: Chawla Muhammad , Saulat Hammad , Masood Khan Muhammad , Mahmood Khan Muhammad , Rafiq Sikander , Cheng Linjuan , Iqbal Tanveer , Rasheed M. Imran , Farooq Muhammad Zohaib , Saeed Muhammad , Ahmad Nasir M. , Khan Niazi Muhammad Bilal , Saqib Sidra , Jamil Farrukh , Mukhtar Ahmad , Muhammad Nawshad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMembrane technology has emerged as a leading tool worldwide for effective CO2 separation because of its well‐known advantages, including high surface area, compact design, ease of maintenance, environmentally friendly nature, and cost‐effectiveness. Polymeric and inorganic membranes are generally utilized for the separation of gas mixtures. The mixed‐matrix membrane (MMM) utilizes the advantages of both polymeric and inorganic membranes to surpass the trade‐off limits. The high permeability and selectivity of MMMs by incorporating different types of fillers exhibit the best performance for CO2 separation from natural gas and other flue gases. The recent progress made in the field of MMMs having different types of fillers is emphasized. Specifically, CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation from various types of MMMs are comprehensively reviewed that are closely relevant to natural gas purification and compositional flue gas treatment
Investigating the Integrity of Graphene towards the Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: García‐Miranda Ferrari Alejandro , Brownson Dale A. C. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMono‐, few‐ and multi‐ layer graphene is explored towards the electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). Raman mapping characterisation is performed, revealing that the structure of basal plane graphene is damaged due to the electrochemical perturbation of the OER. Electrochemical perturbation, in the form of electrochemical potential scanning (linear sweep voltammetry), and a thorough comparison of the OER at different scan rates and chronoamperometry tests at different voltages, create active edge plane sites/defects upon the basal plane graphene surface in the case of the mono‐ and few‐ layer graphene electrodes. The electrochemical performance gradually decreases with consecutive OER scans upon a given graphene electrode, with the process damaging the basal plane graphene sheet, after which there is a loss in the electrochemical signal due to a loss in electrically conductive pathways. Importantly, the severity of these changes is dependent on the potential and chosen scan rate that is applied to the graphene electrode. In contrast, however, multilayer graphene's initial performance towards the OER process improves after the first few scans, which is likely due to an increase in the coverage of edge plane sites/defects and its underlying layers maintaining electrical contact. This work indicates the importance of the scan rate and potential limits applied to graphene electrodes in addition to the relationship between the number of layers and structural integrity. This new knowledge is of fundamental importance to be advantageously applied within the energy sector and beyond.