bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noneffectiveness of scopolamine for facilitating detection of upper gastrointestinal neoplasia during screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy: propensity score-matched study
Authors: Omata Fumio , Kumakura Yasuhisa , Ishii Naoki , Deshpande Gautam A. , Matoba Kohei , Ohmuro Akemi , Rai Fumie , Takashima Misako , Kato Akira , Masuda Katsunori 
Published: April 2020

Background Antispasmodics, such as scopolamine, are widely used in several countries prior to diagnostic and screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), with the goal of optimizing the detection of minute lesions, typically early gastric cancer (T1 lesions). The aim of this study was to determine whether scopolamine facilitates detection of gastric cancer in the screening setting.
Methods A propensity score-matched retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary referral medical center in Tokyo, Japan. Consecutive individuals (n = 40 776) underwent screening EGD between January 2011 and May 2016. All outcome lesions were diagnosed with histopathological confirmation. Detection of esophageal cancer, gastric adenoma, duodenal adenoma, and upper gastrointestinal neoplasia (UGIN) were investigated as secondary outcomes.
Results Scopolamine was used in 31 130 patients (76.3 %) and propensity score matching yielded 6625 pairs. Bivariate analysis revealed no significant association between possible confounders (age, sex, overweight, atrophic gastritis, alcohol history, smoking history, midazolam use, endoscopist biopsy rate grade, and gastric cancer in first-degree relatives) and scopolamine use. Lesions detected were 18 gastric cancers, 11 esophageal cancers, 19 gastric adenomas, 6 duodenal adenomas, and 54 UGINs, with no significant association between scopolamine use and lesion detection.
Conclusions Scopolamine use did not appear to effectively facilitate detection of gastric or esophageal cancer, gastric or duodenal adenoma, and UGIN during screening EGD. Scopolamine should be avoided until its efficacy is confirmed by a randomized controlled trial.
Associação entre ombro congelado e tireopatias: Reforçando as evidências
Authors: Cohen Carina , Tortato Simone , Silva Otavio Bento Souza , Leal Mariana Ferreira , Ejnisman Benno , Faloppa Flavio 
Published: April 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Verificar a asssociação entre tireopatias e ombro congelado primário, comparando com grupo controle e com grupo de pacientes com lesão no manguito rotador.
Métodos Foram avaliados 166 pacientes com diagnóstico de ombro congelado primário com tratamento em andamento ou já tratados. Este grupo foi comparado com 129 pacientes com diagnóstico de lesão de manguito rotador e com um terceiro grupo controle formado por 251 indivíduos sem acometimento dos ombros. Todos os participantes responderam questionário sobre as seguintes variáveis: idade, gênero, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), profissão, atividade física, presença de tireopatia e de outras comorbidades, hábito tabagista e etilismo.
Resultados Quando comparamos o grupo de ombro congelado com os grupos controle e lesão de manguito rotador, percebemos que existe uma associação específica entre presença de doenças da tireoide (tireoidite, hipotireoidismo, hipertireoidismo, nódulos e câncer) e ombro congelado. Através do cálculo do risco relativo, é possível afirmar que um indivíduo com tireopatia tem probabilidade 2.69 maior de desenvolver ombro congelado. Também houve associação com gênero, já que as mulheres com ombro congelado elevam significativamente esse risco.
Conclusão Os distúrbios da tireoide, especialmente o hipotireoidismo e a presença de nódulos tireoidianos benignos, são fatores de risco significativamente associados ao ombro congelado, aumentando as chances em 2,69 vezes de desenvolver a doença. Este é o primeiro estudo que utiliza, além do grupo controle, um segundo grupo com lesões do manguito rotador, de modo que foi demonstrada uma associação específica de distúrbios da tireoide e ombro congelado.
Alternative Access Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Nonagenarians versus Younger Patients
Authors: Lin Nicole , Nores Marcos A. , James Taylor M. , Rothenberg Mark , Stamou Sotiris C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground Numerous studies have documented the safety of alternatives access (AA) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for patients who are not candidates for transfemoral or surgical approach. There is a scarcity of studies relating use of AA TAVR in nonagenarian patients, a high-risk, frail group. Our study sought to investigate the clinical outcomes of nonagenarians who underwent AA TAVR for aortic stenosis, with comparison of nonagenarians age ≥90 years with patients age <90 years.Methods A cohort study of 171 consecutive patients undergoing AA TAVR (transapical [TA, n = 101, 59%], transaxillary [TAX, n = 56, 33%], transaortic [TAO, n = 11, 6%], and transcarotid [TC, n = 3, 2%]) from 2012 to 2019 was analyzed. Baseline, operative, and postoperative characteristics, as well as actuarial survival outcomes, were compared.Results AA TAVR patients had decreased aortic valve gradients with no difference detected in nonagenarians and younger patients. Operative mortality was 8% (n = 14; nine TA, three TAO, and two TAX). Compared to younger patients, significantly more nonagenarians were recorded to have new onset atrial fibrillation (7 vs. 5%, p < 0.01*). No significant difference in mortality or postoperative complications, such as stroke, pacemaker requirements, was detected. Actuarial survival at 1 and 5 years was 86 versus 87% (nonagenarians vs younger patients) and 36 versus 22%, respectively, with log-rank = 0.97.Conclusion AA TAVR in nonagenarian patients who are not candidates for transfemoral approach can be efficaciously performed with comparable clinical outcomes to younger patients, age <90 years. Furthermore, some access sites should be avoided when possible; notably TA was associated with increased mortality, stroke, and new onset atrial fibrillation.
Use of the Facial Artery for Free Functioning Muscle Transfers: An Alternative Pedicle for Salvage in Brachial Plexus Lesions with Vascular Injuries
Authors: Bhatia Anil , Prabhune Kaustubh , Carvalho Alex De 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFree functional muscle transfer (FFMT) is a salvage procedure recommended in cases of brachial plexus injury with late presentations or failures of primary nerve reconstruction. The workhorse for most authors is the gracilis, and the most common indication is the restoration of elbow flexion. For successful revascularization of the muscle, donor vessels must be in proximity of the site of the muscle fixation and allow direct coaptation to a donor nerve, ideally without the use of nerve grafts. A major problem occurs when patients have sustained concomitant vascular injuries to the subclavian and/or axillary arteries and had previous surgical dissections in the area where the most common vascular pedicles are located. The authors report the use of the rerouted facial vessels as donors in these complex cases. The surgical technique is presented, along with three cases where the procedure was used. The flaps survived in all the patients and grade > 3/5 muscle contraction was observed in the two patients who had adequate follow-up. Conclusion: the use of the facial vessels as donor vessels is an option to revascularize a FFMT in the setting of severe vascular injury to the subclavian and axillary arteries.
Authority (de)legitimation in the border wall Twitter discourse of President Trump
Authors: Rivers Damian J. , Ross Andrew S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The construction of a wall along the US/Mexico border was one of the main political platforms upon which the 2016 US
presidential election campaign was fought. Ahead of the upcoming 2020 US presidential election, and with the border wall still not yet built
or funded, this article uses the authorisation component of Van Leeuwen’s (2007) framework for
the discourse of legitimation to show how President Donald J. Trump has sought legitimacy for the construction of the border wall. Data is
taken from Trump’s @realDonaldTrump Twitter postings between October 18th, 2018 and February 3rd, 2019, a period inclusive of the longest
federal government shutdown in US history. We show how Trump’s Twitter language is frequently accompanied by evidence-less attacks on
sources of rival opinion or information, while the president tends to reaffirm himself as the exclusive source of credible and truthful
information.
Semantic comprehension of idioms
Authors: Erfaniyan Qonsuli Leila , Sharifi Shahla 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study intends to test the Graded Salience Hypothesis, in order to investigate the factors involved in
comprehension. This research considered predictions derived from this hypothesis by evaluating the salience of idioms in the
Persian language. We intended to measure Reading Time (RTs), and the design comprised 2 Contexts (figurative, literal), 3 Types of
Statements (familiar vs. unfamiliar vs. less familiar) and RTs (long, short, equal). Two types of contexts (figuratively inviting
and literally inviting contexts) were prepared. The software for this experiment was prepared for the purpose of self-paced
reading experiments. Two pretests were performed. In the first pretest, participants rated the expressions on a 1–7 familiarity
scale. The second pretest was designed to confirm that contexts are equally supportive. Then, expressions were divided according
to their familiarity (familiar, less-familiar, unfamiliar). Sentences were used so that, according to the second pretest, their
contexts would be equally supportive. Sentences were displayed on a PC, controlled by Windows 7. The self-paced reading task was
applied using the Moving Windows software. In the first part of the experiment, participants read each idiom in figuratively
inviting contexts and their RTs were recorded. In the second part of the experiment, participants read each idiom in literally
inviting contexts and their RTs were recorded. Results of testing these idioms support the Graded Salience Hypothesis, but not
entirely. Such findings suggested that sometimes context affects the access of salient information and a semi serial process is
witnessed. Results indicate that the salient meaning of both familiar and less familiar idioms is figurative. In addition, salient
meanings in the space following the unfamiliar idiom and the first word of the next (spillover) sentence, were both, figurative
and literal.
Compassion-Cultivating Pedagogy
Authors: Bracher Mark , Barnbaum Deborah , Byron Michael , Clewell Tammy , Docherty Nancy , Massardier-Kenney Françoise , Pereplyotchik David , Roxburgh Susan , Smith-Pryor Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that narrative fiction promotes social justice by increasing empathy, but critics have argued that the partiality of empathy severely limits its effectiveness as an engine of social justice, and that what needs to be developed is universal compassion rather than empathy. We created Compassion-Cultivating Pedagogy (CCP) to target the development of two social-cognition capabilities that entail compassion: (1) recognition of self-other overlap and (2) cognizance of the situational, uncontrollable causes of bad character, bad behavior, and bad life-outcomes. Employing a pre/post within- and between-subjects design, we found that students in the CCP classes, but not students in conventionally taught classes, improved in these two areas of social cognition and also exhibited increased preference for compassionate social policies for stigmatized groups. This finding suggests that pedagogy can play a significant role in literature’s contribution to social justice, and that further efforts to develop and test pedagogies for improving social cognition are warranted.
Emission reduction effects of the green energy investment projects of China in belt and road initiative countries
Authors: Gu Alun , Zhou Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Investment and construction of power infrastructure are directly related to the achievement of sustainable development goals. China's trade and investment with BRI (Belt and Road Initiative) countries have maintained growth trend. The development and construction of these investment projects certainly have impacts on the economic development mode and sustainable development goals of the countries. On collecting the basic information of the renewable energy investment projects, this paper compares and calculates the current power technology structure and grid emission factors of the host countries, and analyses the carbon emission level of electricity generation from the perspective of the whole life cycle. Making it as the benchmark, this paper also analyzes the current China's invested wind and solar energy projects and the carbon emission reduction benefits to the host country. The results show that at present, China has about 36 renewable energy investment projects in BRI countries, with an installed capacity of 15.75GW (China as the project owner or investor), and achieve at least 48.69M tCO2 emission reduction. This shows that China's effective investment and implementation of the green projects will provide a strong impetus for the energy transformation and the improvement of their energy security in BRI countries.
A study for determining the launch angle that maximises the total
distance travelled by the projectile during its flight in the projectile
motion
Authors: Karadag Mustafa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, the relationship between the total distance traveled by the
projectile during its flight in the projectile motion and the launch angle for a
fixed initial speed was investigated. Assuming that the effect of air resistance
is neglected and the free fall acceleration is constant throughout the range of
motion, among all possible launch angles for a fixed initial speed, it is
noticed that there is a unique launch angle,

θ

0
,

m
a
x

which allows the
total distance to be the longest. Thus, the

θ

0
,

m
a
x

value has been
determined to be about 56.5° using a simple mathematical method that
students can easily apply.
Statistical approach to the selection of the tolerances for distance to agreement improves the quality control of the dose delivery in radiotherapy
Authors: Baran Mateusz , Kabat Damian , Tulik Monika , Rzecki Krzysztof , Sośnicki Tomasz , Tabor Zbisław 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the study, a local approach to setting reference tolerance values for the distance-to-agreement (DTA) component of the gamma index is proposed. The reference tolerance values are calculated in simulations, following a dose delivery model presented in a previous work. An analytical model for determining the quantiles of DTA distribution is also proposed and verified. It is shown that the distributions of DTA values normalized with either quantiles or standard deviation of DTA distributions are universal over analyzed plans and points within a single plan. This enables statistically sound inference about the quality of dose delivery. In particular, based on the normalized distributions the comparison of planned and delivered doses can be formulated within the framework of statistical inference as a problem of multiple statistical testing. For every evaluated point P of a plan, one may formulate and test a null hypothesis that there is no delivery error against an alternative hypothesis that there is a delivery error in P. It is also shown that the proposed approach is more sensitive than the current standard approach to shift errors in high dose gradient regions.
Application of deep learning methods in biological networks
Authors: Jin Shuting , Zeng Xiangxiang , Xia Feng , Huang Wei , Liu Xiangrong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe increase in biological data and the formation of various biomolecule interaction databases enable us to obtain diverse biological networks. These biological networks provide a wealth of raw materials for further understanding of biological systems, the discovery of complex diseases and the search for therapeutic drugs. However, the increase in data also increases the difficulty of biological networks analysis. Therefore, algorithms that can handle large, heterogeneous and complex data are needed to better analyze the data of these network structures and mine their useful information. Deep learning is a branch of machine learning that extracts more abstract features from a larger set of training data. Through the establishment of an artificial neural network with a network hierarchy structure, deep learning can extract and screen the input information layer by layer and has representation learning ability. The improved deep learning algorithm can be used to process complex and heterogeneous graph data structures and is increasingly being applied to the mining of network data information. In this paper, we first introduce the used network data deep learning models. After words, we summarize the application of deep learning on biological networks. Finally, we discuss the future development prospects of this field.
An African City: Black Women's Creativity, Pleasure, Diasporic (Dis)Connections and Resistance Through Aesthetic and Media Practices and Scholarship
Authors: Sobande Francesca , Osei Krys 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHow do Black women engulf themselves in the politics of being and becoming through everyday existence, aesthetics and media practices in creative, pleasurable, diasporic and resistant ways? How is the hegemony of North America, Eurocentrism, anti-Blackness and sexism implicated in this? We consider such questions in relation to Black women's media and aesthetic practices, and their related scholarship, by examining the Ghana-based web series An African City. Our work echoes calls for the decentering of media and communication studies rooted in white and Western perspectives but positioned as “universal.” We explore Black women's experiences (in Britain, the United States, Ghana, and Nigeria) as active producers in their communities; beyond the dominant epistemological hierarchy of whiteness in contrast with Blackness. Framing visual communication as a community-based source of self-expression, we emphasize the liberatory possibilities of aesthetics (fashion and screen depictions) for Black women, while tarrying with how capitalism constrains such radical potential.
International Human Rights “in Crisis” and the Neoliberalization of the Human Person
Authors: Focarelli Carlo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A “crisis” of international human rights is under way. This article focuses on the “neoliberalism and human rights” debate. It argues that the current human rights crisis hinges on the evolution of neoliberalism as a “totalizing project”. A way out may be provided by the notion of the “human person” conceived as the individual in his/her uniqueness and complexity against any form of (market-induced or other) massification. The article concludes by suggesting that we place the (decommodified) human person, empathy, and school/education center stage.
ShinyLearner: A containerized benchmarking tool for machine-learning classification of tabular data
Authors: Piccolo Stephen R , Lee Terry J , Suh Erica , Hill Kimball 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Classification algorithms assign observations to groups based on patterns in data. The machine-learning community have developed myriad classification algorithms, which are used in diverse life science research domains. Algorithm choice can affect classification accuracy dramatically, so it is crucial that researchers optimize the choice of which algorithm(s) to apply in a given research domain on the basis of empirical evidence. In benchmark studies, multiple algorithms are applied to multiple datasets, and the researcher examines overall trends. In addition, the researcher may evaluate multiple hyperparameter combinations for each algorithm and use feature selection to reduce data dimensionality. Although software implementations of classification algorithms are widely available, robust benchmark comparisons are difficult to perform when researchers wish to compare algorithms that span multiple software packages. Programming interfaces, data formats, and evaluation procedures differ across software packages; and dependency conflicts may arise during installation.

Findings
To address these challenges, we created ShinyLearner, an open-source project for integrating machine-learning packages into software containers. ShinyLearner provides a uniform interface for performing classification, irrespective of the library that implements each algorithm, thus facilitating benchmark comparisons. In addition, ShinyLearner enables researchers to optimize hyperparameters and select features via nested cross-validation; it tracks all nested operations and generates output files that make these steps transparent. ShinyLearner includes a Web interface to help users more easily construct the commands necessary to perform benchmark comparisons. ShinyLearner is freely available at https://github.com/srp33/ShinyLearner.

Conclusions
This software is a resource to researchers who wish to benchmark multiple classification or feature-selection algorithms on a given dataset. We hope it will serve as example of combining the benefits of software containerization with a user-friendly approach.
Expanded carrier screening should not be mandatory for gamete donors
Authors: Pennings Guido 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMore and more centers are imposing expanded carrier screening (ECS) on their gamete donors. In some clinics and gamete banks, gamete donors are not given this right, contrary to the freedom to decline genetic screening in the general population. The possible social and psychological burdens that are recognized for infertility patients and the general population are downplayed for gamete donors. The procedure of imposing ECS on gamete donors shows that the interests of the recipients are valued higher than those of the donors. The general ethical argument defended here is the principle of proportionality: the burdens imposed on donors have to be balanced against the potential benefits for the offspring and the recipients. The risk reduction of ECS is below 1% and is too small to outweigh the potential dangers and disadvantages for donors. The conclusion is that clinics may ask, but not compel, donors to submit to ECS provided that they offer appropriate genetic and psychological counseling.