bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial change of Lviv in the post-Soviet period and their assessment by the residents
Authors: Habrel Mykola , Habrel Mykhailo , Lysiak Natalia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To determine the tendencies of reflection of the socioeconomic and spatial changes of the post-Soviet period in the minds of Lviv residents, to outline the factors influencing the transformations that are taking place. Historical development of Lviv – a multifunctional city with almost 800 years of history, cultural and educational center of Ukraine, was artificially transformed into an industrial center in the Soviet period. Transformations of Lviv image of the post-Soviet period were investigated on the basis of official statistics, analysis of town-planning projects and selective urban inventory. The actions of the authorities in influencing the changes in the image of the city are analyzed on the basis of approved strategic documents of development, as well as the activities of local self-government bodies. During the last three decades, Lviv has lost its competitiveness, and there is a decrease in population due to both natural growth and migration; increasing concentration of people and business functions in its central part; problems of transport and preservation of the historical environment of the city are aggravated; tourist anthropogression on the city is growing and tourist erosion is increasing. Assessments of an image change in residents’ perceptions are analyzed by comparing their own research and questionnaires. 200 surveys were conducted, the results of which are as follows: 1) An increase in the disorder of urban life and an increase in its intensity were recorded; 2) c the spatial image of the city is associated mainly with the growing importance of the old part of the city (localization of more and more services); 3) post-industrial territories are treated as places where the crisis of the city is visible; 4) the symbols of the city are unchanged, new ones are not named; 5) areas of high attractiveness in functional, social and aesthetic relations are distinguished, as well as low attractiveness spaces. The spatial changes of Lviv in the post-Soviet period are generally assessed as critical. The residents point out that Lviv does not create a sacred image anymore, it loses the aura of its intellectual and cultural center; the center is not attractive to architecture and history, but to restaurants that have transformed former art salons and bookstores; architectural identity and uniqueness are lost; space polarization is deepening (expensive commercial housing adjacent to neglected public spaces); commerce with a devastating excitement about the existing spatial order burst into the historical environment. The lack of a unified vision of city development and management of urban planning processes «in manual mode» causes chaotic and unsystematic changes that destroy the spatial structure, principles of city development and causes irreparable mistakes in its construction then copy it into the registration web field.
Assessment of the Effect of Energy Saving and Heat Loss Through External Enclosure Structures with Low Resistance to Air Penetration
Authors: Beregovoi Alexandr , Derina Maria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The features of heat and mass transfer through external enclosure structures with capillary - porous material, which are not taken into account in the norms of thermal protection of buildings, are considered. Such features more often occur in buildings with a long service life because of the increasing heat loss, caused by the violation of the terms of repair for a long time. For structures, located in the lower part of the building and having little resistance to air penetration, a calculation model is considered to determine the value of the economizer effect and the saving of thermal energy in conditions of cold air infiltration. The developed model clearly demonstrates, that for two - and twelve-story houses the saving of thermal energy, as a result of the economizer effect, is about 3% and 10% respectively. A computational model of exfiltration of warm air through similar structures, located in the upper part of the building, is proposed. An additional value of heat loss during exfiltration of the warm air from the rooms is determined, using an example of old building with a wooden floor of a cold attic and bulk insulation in the absence of layers with high resistance to air penetration. This value is 3.5 times higher, then that determined by the standard method, which does not take into account the redistribution of cold and warm air densities along the height of the building. This leads to a deterioration of the indoor climate and an increase in heat loss. By calculation, the dependence of the value of heat losses on the total thermal resistance of the attic floor and on the number of floors was established. A number of measures, aimed at improving the energy efficiency of existing residential buildings, are proposed, such as laying a vapor barrier layer and an additional layer of effective thermal insulation on top of the bulk insulation as part of the attic floor and installing a cement-sand screed for this insulation.
Analysis of the static load test results referred to limit the bearing capacity of a pile
Authors: Meyer Zygmunt , Stachecki Kamil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the paper the authors used results of static load tests of piles that have been conducted in a full range of loads in order to verify the analytically calculated parameters obtained for a continuous load-settlement curve. For a description of continuous static load test curve of a pile the authors have used Meyer-Kowalow method (M-K method). The result of a static load test is a load-settlement set {N

i, si
} which is the background for further calculations of M-K curve parameters. Calculations that are presented in the paper were carried out using an original computer program and the authors compared M-K curve parameters, specifically limit the bearing capacity of a pile calculated and measured values obtained from the static load test performed in a full range of load. The research was done in order to determine the optimal method of calculating bearing capacity of pile based on static load test which later can be practically used in the M-K method to obtain full range continuous Q-s curve. Results obtained during the analysis performed by the authors show that the values of the limit bearing capacity of a pile can be calculated with sufficient for practical use accuracy from different parts of the data set, as an example using just the chosen part of the set. The research conducted by the authors points the fact that the limit bearing capacity which is the most important parameter determining safety, can be effectively obtained for different M-K curves using least squares method, even in cases when static load tests were not performed in a full load range. After determining M-K curve parameters it can later be used for further analysis of the pile-soil interactions.
Technology of Additional Impermeable Layers and Its Use in Restoring of Historical Buildings
Authors: Gašparík Jozef , Šťastný Patrik , Makýš Oto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMoisture and its negative effects on monuments are a widespread problem that needs to be tackled especially to save historical buildings. The moistening of objects, whether historical or new, is not only part of our climate zone, but can be attributed to a global character, as evidenced by a number of publications and research on the issue of water logging of buildings that date back to 1892. It is not only a threat to the preservation but also the functionality of historical structures, because it is responsible for reducing the mechanical performance of the masonry, as the presence of water in the pores of the building material negatively affects the tensile strength and also the compressive strength. It also causes degradation of these materials, which can be constantly exposed to cyclic freezing and subsequent thawing, biodegradation and migration and subsequent crystallization of salts. Moisture also contributes to increasing the thermal conductivity of these constructions, resulting in high energy consumption for heating. Last but not least, we can associate various respiratory diseases of people living in this environment with moisture. Due to the serious effects associated with rising damp in the masonry, water capillarity is rightly considered a key factor in the protection of heritage. The origin of moisture can be attributed to several facts, but in the present research we focused mainly on rising damp and its negative impact on historical structures. The paper will summarize the results obtained so far and conclusions from various authors investigating the technology of additional impermeable layers. Subsequently, we will analyze and describe the obtained measurement results before and after the use of undercutting technology on two specific historical buildings in Slovakia. All the research and measurements were carried out in situ, which helped us to achieve objective results, the outcome of which is this work. The measured values show a significant drying of the structure above the plane cut and a positive effect on the repaired structure. The research also encourages further investigation of moisture acting mainly below the level of new insulation and its impact on masonry.
Study on Urban Wind Patterns for Developments in Wuhan China
Authors: Zhu Sitan , DeKay Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper reports a project with the purpose to develop design guidance on urban wind fields for the Chinese city. The project assesses “super-block” developments in Wuhan China at first, then redesigns a super-block using Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) guidelines and draws wind performance comparisons. The project addresses wind Patterns for three major criteria: pedestrian comfort, air quality, and building ventilation potential. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was used to model velocity, PMV comfort, pressure and air age patterns for summer and winter conditions. Super-blocks with isolated towers have poor urban quality on many measures, while residents drive more and use much more energy than in traditional housing. TOD guidelines solve these problems but no discussion of urban wind patterns, air pollution, pedestrian comfort, or building ventilation which have been found important during the period of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan China. Our target was to generate TOD urban form that equaled or exceeded super-block wind performance. Results were inconclusive for pedestrian comfort and other indices and modeling are needed. Other parameters depend significantly on orientation and wind direction. Therefore, sometimes TOD was better than towers and sometimes not. The general method of the project is in six parts: 1) Assess five existing super-block designs for wind performance and characterize three performance metrics; 2) Draw conclusions about performance. Select one site for redesign; 3) Using TOD guidelines, design a new neighborhood at the same density on the selected site; 4) Evaluate wind performance of the new design; 5) Select wind design strategies to improve performance and redesign the TOD neighborhood; 6) Compare wind performance of TOD neighborhood and super-block. The study indicates the value of wind field analysis for improving urban designs for multi-building sites or for development rules. We were generally able to make performance improvements for development schemes, even during the special period.
Numerical Study of the Use of Tyre-Derived-Aggregate (TDA) as the Backfill Above Flexible PVC Pipeline
Authors: Kliszczewicz Barbara , Kowalska Magdalena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTyre Derived Aggregates (TDA), produced by shredding scrap car tyres, show many interesting features, such as: durability, low bulk density, thermal insulation, good drainage properties or ability to damp vibrations, which makes them a useful material for civil engineering. One of the possible applications is the partial filling of excavations with TDA during the construction of underground pipelines in order to decrease the load applied on the pipe. The article presents results of a multivariate numerical study of 2D FEM models of a flexible PVC pipe - soil system, in which the presence of a mixture of sand and TDA (tyre chips - 40% by weight) (STCh) in the backfill was simulated. The models differed in the thickness of the STCh layer (t= 0 – 0.9 m) and inclination of the excavation walls (a trench with vertical walls or open excavations with 3:1 and 1:1 slopes). The main goal of the numerical analyses, performed by means of the Z_Soil.PC program, were to investigate the effect of the presence of the softer STCh layer in the backfill zone on the pipe deformation (relative deflectionδ/D) and internal forces in the pipe wall. The soil was simulated with the use of either the Hardening Soil Small (HSS) or Coulomb-Mohr (CM) constitutive model with the parameters’ values estimated based on results of laboratory tests (published by researchers from Wollongong University). The PVC pipe was modelled as linear elastic. The results of the analyses show that, due to enhanced arching, STCh layer of the optimum thicknesst= 0.55 m can effectively reduceδ/Dwhen used in the backfill of the trench. It can also decrease the difference between the maximum and minimum bending moment in the pipe wall, leading to less ovalization of the pipe cross-section. This positive effect diminishes if the width of excavation is larger, as the model is gradually transforming towards the positive projecting conduit type. The CM model gives underestimated values of the pipe deformation and internal forces. Though, in the case of lack of all the HSS parameters’ values, it is better to use the CM model withE=E50thanE=Euras it gives a better approximation of pipe behaviour.
Research Concerning the Impact of Geometrical Characteristics of Natural Quarry Aggregates Used in the Composition of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Stirb Adelin , Marc Paul , Belc Anda , Belc Florin , Buzuriu Alin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents studies and laboratory tests concerning the influence of the way the natural quarry aggregates are processed upon the composition of an asphaltic concrete with a maximum grain size of 16 mm (BA 16). The research included the realization of grading curves on certain aggregates, curves lately compared to the maximum density line. This approach aims at classifying certain aspects concerning some of the physical-mechanical characteristics of the asphalt concretes determined through static and dynamic laboratory tests. The research resulted from the fact that in Romania, the elementary gradings on granular fractions from the same source, entering the composition of a certain asphalt mix, differ most of the times depending on the manipulation and the processing manner, respectively. This finding is based on the experience of the laboratory testing, where different values concerning the volume weight, apparent volume weight, voids and rigidity module were obtained on the same asphalt mix dosage prepared according to the prescription in two separate samples.Thus, in order to emphasize the impact of the processing manner (crushing) of the natural aggregates, the authors determined the percentage distribution on intermediate granular fractions of the gradings entering the composition of an asphalt concrete. Since the Romanian Standard for asphalt mixtures stipulates a large grading envelope between the standard sizes corresponding to each grading, the authors considered that there is no uniform distribution ratio depending on the size of the grains entering its composition. The study started from different research methods found in the specialized literature dealing with the calibration of the optimal grading curve. The results of the laboratory tests performed on the asphalt mixture confirm the importance of the particle size analysis in obtaining high quality physical-mechanical characteristics.
BIM Technology and Changes in Traditional Design Process, Reliability of Data from Related Registers
Authors: Prušková Kristýna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the new technology of creating building design, many changes of traditional processes have to be set in order to reach project documentation and project design itself in higher quality level. As a traditional project documentation is changing in “digital twin” of building work, the way of building work design changes too. Building design and project documentation do not serve only for the building construction, maintenance and operation. Project documentation is the output, also the input – both at the same time - in connection with further building legislation, landscape planning, etc. BIM model, nowadays the highest quality of project documentation, should communicate with many related registers. Important basic information is as an input for the project design, afterwards information from the project design should be reflected as an output for the enlisting in related registers. Due to the absence of efficient digitization of the construction industry, the relevancy, correctness and reliability of information in the related registers is not very high in the Czech Republic, at this time. Digitization of construction industry and implementation of BIM technology promises many benefits. The magnitude of these benefits depends on how the data exchange is modified in the construction process during the whole building lifecycle. This paper reveals possibilities of basic principles of the new way of design using BIM technology, connections of BIM model data and related registers and their data exchange in the environment of Czech Republic´s legislation. The more correctly processed the model of the building work, the better and more reliable information for future designs.
Residents’ Evaluations of the Tourism Gentrification Caused by Guesthouses in the Central Area of Kyoto City: A Case Study of Shutoku District in Kyoto City
Authors: Kato Haruka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe results of this paper clarify that the residents evaluated the tourism-gentrification caused by guesthouses negatively in a case study of Shutoku District in the central area of Kyoto City. The tourism-gentrification caused by guesthouses is defined as a phenomenon in which traditional communities are destroyed as part of the process of tourism-related gentrification. Three points are confirmed by this research. First, gentrification occurred from 2015 to 2019. Second, the residents evaluated it negatively. Third, there is a possibility that residents and guesthouses can form a symbiotic relationship if methods such as the employment of ‘resident managers’ are utilised.
Spatial Typologies Study of Sarajevo
Authors: Zgonić Aida Idrizbegović , Čakarić Jasenka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Spatial typologies in urbanism and architecture within the City of Sarajevo are inherently complex and differentiated. Throughout the history of the city, the architectural and urban typologies have been evolving and adapting to new circumstances, but in several historical periods, the changes of typologies have been radical. From the fifteenth century, Sarajevo was organized by the oriental ottoman typological scheme that shaped the city for several centuries: organic forms, human and intimate scale, commercial and residential areas quite strictly separated. During the nineteenth century, a central-European urban and architectural typology dominated and morphed the city in a radical new way. Introduction of the larger scale buildings organized in blocks, with mixed functions. The usual typological transformation was taken over by a process of replacement with completely new forms, yet the city seemed to inherently adapt to these new conditions owning this new typology. Introduction of modernist typologies within the realm of the city was also a radical break from the past - functionalist dispersed buildings with open green areas again became a logical part of the city. The new transitional period has brought about new challenges and generated buildings (commercial and residential) with questionable typologies. Current tendencies are lacking in many parameters that define a certain typology - a coherent idea and spatial logic. Can one city inherently possess the ability to adapt and transform such different variations of typologies and claim authenticity? Is there a typology most suited to this place? Ever since the typological research was introduced to architectural theory by De Quincy in 1825, there was the notion of origins of typology, transformation and novelty/innovation. This paper will conduct a research of historical and current spatial typologies (architectural and urban schemes), in order to answer the question is the typology inherent, born out of a certain place or does the place affect, change the typology? The research would be about the correlation between a city (Sarajevo), the capacity of space and relevant parameters of typologies (scale, forms, functions, adaptation).
FEM Simulations of Bond Behaviour between Concrete and Seven-Wire Prestressing Strand
Authors: Dyba Marcin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the subject related to numerical tests of the concrete bond to seven-wire strands. Nonlinear contact concrete-steel calculations with using Finite Element Method (FEM) is applicable for concrete bond to reinforcing steel analyses. At the moment, the analyzes are the subject of independent research projects. The research using several scientific and commercial computing systems allows us to look deeper into the sample and obtain information about cracks development, stresses, and internal deformations. Such analyzes are impossible when tests only experimentally. The concrete-steel behaviour of materials can be modeled with a bond-slip mechanism where the relative slip of reinforcement and concrete is phenomenologically described. The behaviour of the slip zone is then mapped with a zero thickness interface (contact) element. The constitutive laws of bond-slip adhesion are based mainly on the theory of total deformation, which expresses the pulling force as a function of total relative displacement. The correct construction of the bond model requires consideration of physical phenomena occurring not only at the interface of the materials but also inside within each of them. When designing numerical research, it is necessary to keep in mind the limits in computing memory of computers. Performing static calculations for complex numerical models containing a number of geometric, material and contact nonlinearities may prove to be too time-consuming on a PC. For this reason, it is now reasonable to construct approximate, simplified models. FEM models with a strand modeled as a solid bar (with a sidewall accurate to the real one) made it possible to observe and research, destructive mechanisms identified in experimental pull-out tests.