bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rigidity and a common framework for mutually unbiased bases and k‐nets
Authors: Nietert Sloan , Szilágyi Zsombor , Weiner Mihály 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany deep connections have been observed between collections of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) and combinatorial designs called ‐nets (and in particular, between collections of MUBs and finite affine planes). Here we introduce the notion of a ‐net over a ‐algebra, providing a common framework for both objects. In the commutative case, we recover (classical) ‐nets, while the choice of leads to collections of MUBs. In this framework, we derive a rigidity property which hence automatically applies to both objects. For ‐nets that can be completed to affine planes, this was already known by a completely different, combinatorial argument. For ‐nets that cannot be completed and for MUBs, this result is new, and it implies that the only vectors unbiased to all but bases of a complete collection of MUBs in are the elements of the remaining bases (up to phase factors). Further, we show that this bound is tight with counterexamples for in every prime‐square dimension. Applying our rigidity result, we prove that if a large enough collection of MUBs constructed from a certain unitary error basis (like, the generalized Pauli operators) can be extended to a complete system, then every basis of the completion must come from the same error basis. In turn, we use this to show that certain large systems of MUBs cannot be completed.
Characterization of intracellular buffering power in human induced pluripotent stem cells and the loss of pluripotency is delayed by acidic stimulation and increase of NHE1 activity
Authors: Lee Shiao‐Pieng , Chao Shih‐Chi , Chou Mei‐Fang , Huang Shu‐Fu , Dai Niann‐Tzyy , Wu Gwo‐Jang , Tsai Chien‐Sung , Loh Shih‐Hurng , Tsai Yi‐Ting 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe homeostasis of intracellular pH (pHi) affects many cellular functions. Our previous study has established a functional and molecular model of the active pHi regulators in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The aims of the present study were to further quantify passive pHi buffering power (β) and to investigate the effects of extracellular pH and Na+–H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) activity on pluripotency in hiPSCs. pHi was detected by microspectrofluorimetry with pH‐sensitive dye‐BCECF. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry were used to detect protein expression and pluripotency. Our study in hiPSCs showed that (a) the value of total (βtot), intrinsic (βi), and CO2‐dependent () buffering power all increased while pHi increased; (b) during the spontaneous differentiation for 4 days, the β values of βtot and changed in a tendency of decrease, despite the absence of statistical significance; (c) an acidic cultured environment retained pluripotency and further upregulated expression and activity of NHE1 during spontaneous differentiation; (d) inhibition on NHE1 activity promoted the loss of pluripotency. In conclusion, we, for the first time, established a quantitative model of passive β during differentiation and demonstrated that maintenance of NHE1 at a higher level was of critical importance for pluripotency retention in hiPSCs.
Evaluation of Vascular Reactivity of Maternal Vascular Adaptations of Pregnancy With Quantitative MRI: Pilot Study
Authors: Langham Michael C. , Caporale Alessandra S. , Wehrli Felix W. , Parry Samuel , Schwartz Nadav 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAbnormal maternal vascular function during pregnancy stemming from systemic endothelial dysfunction (EDF) has a central role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE).PurposeTo utilize quantitative MRI to investigate changes in physiological measures of vascular reactivity during normal pregnancy, and to explore EDF associated with preeclampsia.Study TypeProspective.PopulationHealthy pregnant (HP) (n = 14, mean GA = 26 ± 7 weeks) and nonpregnant women (NP; n = 14); newly postpartum (PP <48 hours) women with severe PE (PP‐PE; n = 4) and normotensive pregnancy (PP‐HP; n = 5).Field Strength/Sequence1.5T/3T. RF spoiled multiecho gradient‐recalled echo, 1D phase‐contrast MRI, time‐of‐flight.AssessmentThe micro‐ and macrovascular function (vasodilatory capacity of arterioles and conduit arteries, respectively) of the femoral vascular bed was evaluated with MRI‐based venous oximetry, arterial velocimetry, and luminal flow‐mediated dilation quantification, during cuff‐induced reactive hyperemia. Aortic arch pulse‐wave velocity (aPWV) was quantified to assess arterial stiffness using an ungated 1D technique.Statistical TestsTwo‐tailed unpaired t‐tests were performed to address our two, primary a priori comparisons, HP vs. NP, and PP‐PE vs. PP‐HP. Given the pilot nature of this study, adjustments for multiple comparisons were not performed.ResultsIn HP, microvascular function was attenuated compared to NP by a significant increase in the washout time (10 ± 2 vs. 8 ± 2 sec; P < 0.05) and reduced upslope (2.1 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.8%HbO2/s; P < 0.05), time of forward flow (28 ± 5 vs. 33 ± 6 sec, P < 0.05), and hyperemic index (11 ± 3 vs. 16 ± 4 cm/s2; P < 0.05), but luminal flow‐mediated dilatation (FMDL)was comparable between HP and NP. PP‐PE exhibited significant vascular dysfunction compared to PP‐HP, as evidenced by differences in upslope (2.2 ± 0.6 vs. 1.3 ± 0.2%HbO2/s, P < 0.05), overshoot (16 ± 5 vs. 7 ± 3%HbO2, P < 0.05), time of forward flow (28 ± 6 vs. 15 ± 7 s, P < 0.05), and aPWV (7 ± 1 vs. 8 ± 1 m/s, P < 0.05).Data ConclusionAttenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE.Level of Evidence 2Technical Efficacy Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447–455.
Hypophosphatemia in a Specialized Intestinal Failure Unit: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Eriksen Marcel Kjærsgaard , Baunwall Simon Mark Dahl , Lal Simon , Dahlerup Jens Frederik , Hvas Christian Lodberg 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with intestinal failure (IF) are prone to hypophosphatemia and shifts in magnesium and potassium levels. Although these shifts are often attributed to refeeding syndrome (RFS), the incidence of electrolyte shifts among patients with IF is unknown. We evaluated the occurrence of hypophosphatemia and other electrolyte shifts according to the functional and pathophysiological IF classifications.MethodsWe consecutively included all patients’ first admission to an IF unit from 2013 to 2017. Electrolyte shifts were defined as severe hypophosphatemia <0.6 mmol/L (mM) or any 2 other shifts below reference range, comprising hypomagnesemia <0.75 mM, hypophosphatemia <0.8 mM, or hypokalemia <3.5 mM. Outcomes included length of stay, central line–associated bloodstream infection, and other infections. Mortality was evaluated 6 months after discharge.ResultsOf 236 patients with IF, electrolyte shifts occurred in 99 (42%), and 127 (54%) of these patients received intravenous supplementation with either phosphate, magnesium, or potassium. In patients who started parenteral nutrition, up to 62% of early‐onset shifts (<5 days) related to refeeding, and up to 63% of late‐onset shifts (≥5 days) could be ascribed to infections. Derangements occurred in 7 (18%) with type 1 IF, 53 (43%) with type 2 IF, and 39 (53%) readmitted patients with type 3 IF. Of 133 patients with IF secondary to short‐bowel syndrome, 65 (49%) developed shifts.ConclusionIn patients with IF, electrolyte shifts are frequent but not always due to RFS. Electrolyte shifts are common in patients with type 2 and those readmitted with type 3 IF.
Learning algorithm with noisy labels for video frame classification
Authors: Lee Junggi , Kong Kyeongbo , Song Woo‐Jin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose Recycling+, an algorithm that uses temporal information for video frame classification with noisy label. With the proposed algorithm, the network can be trained robustly through not only clean samples with original labels but also noisy samples with corrected labels obtained by temporal average predictions.
Mandatory preoperative COVID‐19 testing for cancer patients—Is it justified?
Authors: Nekkanti Sri Siddhartha , Vasudevan Nair Sudhir , Parmar Vani , Saklani Avanish , Shrikhande Shailesh , Sudhakar Shetty Nitin , Joshi Amit , Murthy Vedang , Patkar Nikhil , Khattry Navin , Gupta Sudeep 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has caused substantial disruptions in routine clinical care. Emerging data show that surgery in coronavirus disease (COVID)‐positive cases can be associated with worsening of clinical outcomes and increased postoperative mortality. Hence, preoperative COVID‐19 testing for all patients before elective surgery was implemented in our institution.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and sixty‐two asymptomatic cancer patients were preoperatively tested for COVID‐19 using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction technique with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabbing. All negative patients were operated within 72 hours, and positive patients were quarantined for a minimum 14 days before re‐swabbing.ResultsIn our cohort, 21 of 262 (8.0%) asymptomatic preoperative patients, who were otherwise fit for surgery, tested positive. After adequate quarantine and a negative follow‐up test report, 12 of 21 (57%) had an operation. No major postoperative morbidity due to COVID‐19 was noted during the immediate postoperative period before discharge from the hospital.ConclusionRoutine preoperative COVID‐19 testing was successful in identifying asymptomatic viral carriers. There was no incidence of symptomatic COVID‐19 disease in the postoperative period, and there was no incidence of morbidity attributable to COVID‐19. These data suggested a beneficial role for mandatory preoperative COVID‐19 testing.
Reinvigorating exhausted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment and current strategies in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hossain Md Amir , Liu Guilai , Dai Beiying , Si Yaxuan , Yang Qitao , Wazir Junaid , Birnbaumer Lutz , Yang Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer in recent years and achieved overall success and long‐term clinical benefit in patients with a wide variety of cancer types. However, there is still a large proportion of patients exhibiting limited or no responses to immunotherapeutic strategy, some of which were even observed with hyperprogressive disease. One major obstacle restricting the efficacy is that tumor‐reactive CD8+ T cells, which are central for tumor control, undergo exhaustion, and lose their ability to eliminate cancer cells after infiltrating into the strongly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, as a potential therapeutic rationale in the development of cancer immunotherapy, targeting or reinvigorating exhausted CD8+ T cells has been attracting much interest. Hitherto, both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that govern CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion have been explored. Specifically, the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes have been depicted utilizing single‐cell RNA sequencing or mass cytometry (CyTOF). In addition, cellular metabolism dictating the tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T‐cell fate is currently under investigation. A series of clinical trials are being carried out to further establish the current strategies targeting CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion. Taken together, despite the proven benefit of immunotherapy in cancer patients, additional efforts are still needed to fully circumvent limitations of exhausted T cells in the treatment. In this review, we will focus on the current cellular and molecular understanding of metabolic changes, epigenetic remodeling, and transcriptional regulation in CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion and describe hypothetical treatment approaches based on immunotherapy aiming at reinvigorating exhausted CD8+ T cells.
Evaluating functional disability in clinical trials of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in binge eating disorder using the Sheehan Disability Scale
Authors: Yee Karen S. , Pokrzywinski Robin , Hareendran Asha , Shaffer Shannon , Sheehan David V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) performance in binge eating disorder (BED) and explored relationships between SDS and BED outcomes using data from three placebo‐controlled lisdexamfetamine (LDX) studies (two short‐term, dose‐optimized studies and one double‐blind, randomized‐withdrawal study) in adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM‐IV‐TR)–defined BED.MethodsAnalyses evaluated the psychometric properties of the SDS.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional total score in the short‐term studies, with internal consistency (Cronbach's α) being 0.878. Total score exhibited good construct validity, with moderate and statistically significant correlations observed with Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for binge eating, Binge Eating Scale (BES), and EuroQol Group 5‐Dimension 5‐Level health status index scores. Known‐groups validity analysis for the short‐term studies demonstrated a significantly lower total score at end of study in participants considered “not ill” versus “ill” based on Clinical Global Impressions–Severity scores. SDS total score changes in the short‐term studies were greater in responders than nonresponders based on binge eating abstinence or BES score. In the randomized‐withdrawal study, SDS scores increased relative to baseline to a greater extent in participants randomized to placebo than LDX.ConclusionsThese analyses support the reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change of the SDS in individuals with BED.
Advance application of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of noncrystalline components in thin films of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(butadiene) blends
Authors: Mamun Al 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA quantitative analysis method for the distribution of noncrystalline poly(butadiene) component in poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(butadiene) (PCL/PB) binary blends have been analyzed by advance application of Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Thin films of different compositions of PCL/PB binary blends were prepared from solution and isothermally crystallized at a certain temperature. After calibration with real data, quantitative analyses by Raman spectroscopy revealed the amorphous PB are trapped inside the PCL crystals. Polarized optical microscopy and real time atomic force microscopy were used to collect data for the crystal morphology and crystal growth rate. For pure PCL crystals, a morphology of truncated lozenge shape was observed, independent of crystallization temperature and regardless of the blends compositions. For the pure PCL and their blends, almost unique crystal growth rate was found. The miscibility behaviors using DSC were drawn through melting point depression method. The Hoffman‐Weeks extrapolations of the blends were found to be linear and identical with those of the neat PCL. The interaction parameter for the blends indicating that the PCL and PB blends have no intermolecular interaction, confirming the blends are immiscible. Despite the immiscibility of the blend, the PCL crystals do not bend during the growth process and do not reduce the growth rate as they do for miscible blend systems.
Comparative analysis of four medicinal floras: Phylogenetic methods to identify cross‐cultural patterns
Authors: Lei Di , Al Jabri Thuraiya , Teixidor‐Toneu Irene , Saslis‐Lagoudakis C. Haris , Ghazanfar Shahina A. , Hawkins Julie A. 
Published: August 2020

Societal Impact StatementPlants are living repositories of pharmacologically active chemicals and help to meet society's health care needs directly, or by providing natural products for drug development. We describe phylogenetic approaches to compare medicinal floras from different cultures in distinct regions of the world, and consider how these findings can improve knowledge of how plants have been selected for medical purposes. Greater insight into how people have selected plants for medicinal use will benefit healthcare and drug discovery strategies, and ultimately contribute to the future health and well‐being of society.Summary

Four medicinal floras were compared using phylogenetic methods, to test whether there are shared patterns in medical plant use at the level of the whole medicinal floras, or for specific therapeutic applications.

Checklists of the native plants and medicinal plants of Oman were compiled, and analyzed alongside existing checklists for Nepal, the Cape of South Africa and New Zealand. We reconstructed a plant phylogeny at generic level for Oman, and a new, more inclusive phylogeny to represent the genera found in all four local floras. Methods from community phylogenetics were used to identify clustering and overdispersion of the plants used. The impacts of using local or more inclusive phylogenies and different null model selections were explored.

We found that Omani medicinal plant use emphasizes the same deep lineages of flowering plants as the other three medicinal floras, most strongly when comparing Omani and Nepalese medicinal plants. Drivers of this similarity might be floristic composition, opportunity for exchange of knowledge and shared beliefs in the causation of illness. Phylogenetic patterns among therapeutic applications are cross‐predictive within and between cultures, and must be interpreted with care since inappropriate use of null models can result in spurious similarity. High levels of cross‐predictivity suggest that targeting plants used for specific therapeutic applications to identify specific bioactives may have limited value.

We outline the questions that might be addressed using a global phylogeny and medicinal plant checklists, suggest the best methods for future studies and propose how findings might be interpreted.
Electroweak phase transition with spontaneous Z2-breaking
Authors: Carena Marcela , Liu Zhen , Wang Yikun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This work investigates a simple, representative extension of the Standard Model with a real scalar singlet and spontaneous Z2 breaking, which allows for a strongly first-order phase transition, as required by electroweak baryogenesis. We perform analytical and numerical calculations that systematically include one-loop thermal effects, Coleman-Weinberg corrections, and daisy resummation, as well as evaluation of bubble nucleation. We study the rich thermal history and identify the conditions for a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition with nearly degenerate extrema at zero temperature. This requires a light scalar with mass below 50 GeV. Exotic Higgs decays, as well as Higgs coupling precision measurements at the LHC and future collider facilities, will test this model. Additional information may be obtained from future collider constraints on the Higgs self-coupling. Gravitational-wave signals are typically too low to be probed by future gravitational wave experiments.
Bulk reconstruction of metrics with a compact space asymptotically
Authors: Hernández-Cuenca Sergio , Horowitz Gary T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Holographic duality implies that the geometric properties of the gravitational bulk theory should be encoded in the dual field theory. These naturally include the metric on dimensions that become compact near the conformal boundary, as is the case for any asymptotically locally AdSn × $$ \mathbbm{S} $$
S
k spacetime. Almost all previous work on metric reconstruction ignores these dimensions and would thus at most apply to dimensionally-reduced metrics. In this work, we generalize the approach to bulk reconstruction using light-cone cuts and propose a prescription to obtain the full higher-dimensional metric of generic spacetimes up to an overall conformal factor. We first extend the definition of light-cone cuts to include information about the asymptotic compact dimensions, and show that the full conformal metric can be recovered from these extended cuts. We then give a prescription for obtaining these extended cuts from the dual field theory. The location of the usual cuts can still be obtained from bulk-point singularities of correlators, and the new information in the extended cut can be extracted by using appropriate combinations of operators dual to Kaluza-Klein modes of the higher-dimensional bulk fields.
Hadronic vacuum polarization using gradient flow
Authors: Harlander Robert V. , Lange Fabian , Neumann Tobias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The gradient-flow operator product expansion for QCD current correlators including operators up to mass dimension four is calculated through NNLO. This paves an alternative way for efficient lattice evaluations of hadronic vacuum polarization functions. In addition, flow-time evolution equations for flowed composite operators are derived. Their explicit form for the non-trivial dimension-four operators of QCD is given through order $$ {\alpha}_s^3. $$

α
s
3

.
More stringy effects in target space from Double Field Theory
Authors: Ma Chen-Te , Pezzella Franco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In Double Field Theory, the mass-squared of doubled fields associated with bosonic closed string states is proportional to NL + NR− 2. Massless states are therefore not only the graviton, anti-symmetric, and dilaton fields with (NL = 1, NR = 1) such theory is focused on, but also the symmetric traceless tensor and the vector field relative to the states (NL = 2, NR = 0) and (NL = 0, NR = 2) which are massive in the lower-dimensional non-compactified space. While they are not even physical in the absence of compact dimensions, they provide a sample of states for which both momenta and winding numbers are non-vanishing, differently from the states (NL = 1, NR = 1). A quadratic action is therefore here built for the corresponding doubled fields. It results that its gauge invariance under the linearized double diffeomorphisms is based on a generalization of the usual weak constraint, giving rise to an extra mass term for the symmetric traceless tensor field, not otherwise detectable: this can be interpreted as a mere stringy effect in target space due to the simultaneous presence of momenta and windings. Furthermore, in the context of the generalized metric formulation, a non-linear extension of the gauge transformations is defined involving the constraint extended from the weak constraint that can be uniquely defined in triple products of fields. Finally, we show that the above mentioned stringy effect does not appear in the case of only one compact doubled space dimension.
The gravitational waves from the collapsing domain walls in the complex singlet model
Authors: Chen Ning , Li Tong , Wu Yongcheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study the CP domain walls and the consequent gravitational waves induced by the spontaneous breaking of the CP symmetry in the complex singlet extension to the Standard Model. We impose the constraints from the unitarity, stability and the global minimal of the vacuum solutions on the model parameter space. The CP domain wall profiles and tensions are obtained by numerically solving the relevant field equations. The explicit CP violation terms are then introduced to the potential as biased terms to make the domain walls unstable and collapse, The BBN bound on the magnitude of the energy bias is taken into account. To achieve sufficiently strong gravitational wave signals, the domain wall tension σ is required to be at least σ/TeV3∼$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(103). We find that the gravitational wave spectrum can be probed in the future SKA and/or DECIGO programs, when the typical mass scale is at least ∼$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10) TeV and the explicit CP violation terms are as small as $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−24)−$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−23). The gravitational waves from collapsing domain walls thus provide a complementarity to the probe of extremely small CP violation at high-energy scale.