bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A geometric method of analysis for the light curves of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Shoji Isao , Takata Tadafumi , Mizumoto Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We propose a geometric method of analysis for the light curves of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The time series of flux ratio is modelled by possibly non-linear random oscillation without specifying the function form. Based on the model, we map the dynamic behaviour of flux ratio to a vector field on a manifold, and then analyse the vector field to retrieve information on the dynamic properties closely linked with the activity of AGNs. While the function form of the model is unspecified, the vector fields and those associated quantities can be estimated by applying a non-parametric filtering method. We illustrate the proposed analysis with an application to light curves of two AGNs supplied by the Kepler satellite. The application shows that the vector field, its derivative, and their combination will be used as the tools of picking up various signals that help understanding of the activity of AGNs. In addition, from a technical viewpoint, the non-parametric filtering method allows the estimation to be robust against outliers. The proposed analysis could be used as an alternative time series analysis of the optical variability other than the analysis by spectral densities or structure functions.
Properties of sub-Neptune atmospheres: TOI-270 system
Authors: Chouqar J , Benkhaldoun Z , Jabiri A , Lustig-Yaeger J , Soubkiou A , Szentgyorgyi A 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the potential for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to detect and characterize the atmospheres of the sub-Neptunian exoplanets in the TOI-270 system. Sub-Neptunes are considered more likely to be water worlds than gas dwarfs. We model their atmospheres using three atmospheric compositions – two examples of hydrogen-dominated atmospheres and a water-dominated atmosphere. We then simulate the infrared transmission spectra of these atmospheres for JWST instrument modes optimized for transit observation of exoplanet atmospheres: NIRISS, NIRSpec, and MIRI. We then predict the observability of each exoplanet’s atmosphere. TOI-270c and d are excellent targets for detecting atmospheres with JWST transmission spectroscopy, requiring only 1 transit observation with NIRISS, NIRSpec, and MIRI; higher signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained for a clear H-rich atmosphere. Fewer than three transits with NIRISS and NIRSpec may be enough to reveal molecular features. Water-dominated atmospheres require more transits. Water spectral features in water-dominated atmospheres may be detectable with NIRISS in two or three transits. We find that the detection of spectral features in a cloudy, H-rich atmosphere does not require integrations as long as those required for the water-dominated atmosphere, which is consistent with the differences in atmospheric mean molecular weight. TOI-270c and d could be prime targets for JWST transit observations of sub-Neptune atmospheres. These results provide useful predictions for observers who may propose to use JWST to detect and characterize the TOI-270 planet atmospheres.
Accretion-driven turbulence in filaments II: effects of self-gravity
Authors: Heigl S , Gritschneder M , Burkert A 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We extend our previous work on simulations with the code ramses on accretion-driven turbulence by including self-gravity and study the effects of core formation and collapse. We show that radial accretion on to filaments drives turbulent motions which are not isotropic but radially dominated. In contrast to filaments without gravity, the velocity dispersion of self-gravitating filaments does not settle in an equilibrium. Despite showing similar amounts of driven turbulence, they continually dissipate their velocity dispersion until the onset of core formation. This difference is connected to the evolution of the radius as it determines the dissipation rate. In the non-gravitational case filament growth is not limited and its radius grows linearly with time. In contrast, there is a maximum extent in the self-gravitational case resulting in an increased dissipation rate. Furthermore, accretion-driven turbulence shows a radial profile which is anticorrelated with density. This leads to a constant turbulent pressure throughout the filament. As the additional turbulent pressure does not have a radial gradient it does not contribute to the stability of filaments and does not increase the critical line-mass. However, this radial turbulence does affect the radius of a filament, adding to the extent and setting its maximum value. Moreover, the radius evolution also affects the growth time-scale of cores which compared to the time-scale of collapse of an accreting filament limits core formation to high line-masses.
State-of-the-art AGN SEDs for photoionization models: BLR predictions confront the observations
Authors: Ferland G J , Done C , Jin C , Landt H , Ward M J 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The great power offered by photoionization models of active galactic nuclei emission line regions has long been mitigated by the fact that very little is known about the spectral energy distribution (SED) between the Lyman limit, where intervening absorption becomes a problem, and 0.3 keV, where soft X-ray observations become possible. The emission lines themselves can, to some degree, be used to probe the SED, but only in the broadest terms. This paper employs a new generation of theoretical SEDs that are internally self-consistent, energy conserving, and tested against observations, to infer properties of the emission-line regions. The SEDs are given as a function of the Eddington ratio, allowing emission-line correlations to be investigated on a fundamental basis. We apply the simplest possible tests, based on the foundations of photoionization theory, to investigate the implications for the geometry of the emission-line region. The SEDs become more far-ultraviolet bright as the Eddington ratio increases, so the equivalent widths of recombination lines should also become larger, an effect that we quantify. The observed lack of correlation between Eddington ratio and equivalent width shows that the cloud covering factor must decrease as Eddington ratio increases. This would be consistent with recent models proposing that the broad-line region is a failed dusty wind off the accretion disc.
Kinematic study of the association Cyg OB3 with Gaia DR2
Authors: Rao Anjali , Gandhi Poshak , Knigge Christian , Paice John A , Leigh Nathan W C , Boubert Douglas 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the stellar kinematic properties and spatial distribution of the association Cyg OB3 using precise astrometric data from Gaia DR2. All known O- and B-type stars in Cyg OB3 region with positions, parallaxes, and proper motions available are included, comprising a total of 41 stars. The majority of stars are found to be concentrated at a heliocentric distance of 2.0 ± 0.3 kpc. The mean peculiar velocity of the sample after removing Galactic rotation and solar motion is ∼22 km s−1, dominated by the velocity component towards the Galactic centre. The relative position and velocity of the black hole X-ray binary Cyg X-1 with respect to the association suggest that Cyg OB3 is most likely its parent association. The peculiar kinematic properties of some of the stars are revealed and are suggestive of past stellar encounters. The sample includes a previously known runaway star HD 227018, and its high peculiar velocity of ∼50 km s−1 is confirmed with Gaia. We estimated the velocities of stars relative to the association and the star HD 225577 exhibits peculiar velocity smaller than its velocity relative to the association. The star has lower value of proper motion than the rest of the sample. The results suggest a slowly expanding nature of the association, which is supported by the small relative speeds (&lt;20 km s−1) with respect to the association for a majority of the sample stars.
SMARCA4deficiency-associated heterochromatin induces intrinsic DNA replication stress and susceptibility to ATR inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kurashima Kiminori , Kashiwagi Hideto , Shimomura Iwao , Suzuki Ayako , Takeshita Fumitaka , Mazevet Marianne , Harata Masahiko , Yamashita Takayuki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Kohno Takashi , Shiotani Bunsyo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex regulates transcription through the control of chromatin structure and is increasingly thought to play an important role in human cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) patients frequently harbor mutations in SMARCA4, a core component of this multisubunit complex. Most of these mutations are loss-of-function mutations, which disrupt critical functions in the regulation of chromatin architecture and can cause DNA replication stress. This study reports that LADC cells deficient in SMARCA4 showed increased DNA replication stress and greater sensitivity to the ATR inhibitor (ATRi) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, loss of SMARCA4 increased heterochromatin formation, resulting in stalled forks, a typical DNA replication stress. In the absence of SMARCA4, severe ATRi-induced single-stranded DNA, which caused replication catastrophe, was generated on nascent DNA near the reversed forks around heterochromatin in an Mre11-dependent manner. Thus, loss of SMARCA4 confers susceptibility to ATRi, both by increasing heterochromatin-associated replication stress and by allowing Mre11 to destabilize reversed forks. These two mechanisms synergistically increase susceptibility of SMARCA4-deficient LADC cells to ATRi. These results provide a preclinical basis for assessing SMARCA4 defects as a biomarker of ATRi efficacy.
Intrinsic ATR signaling shapes DNA end resection and suppresses toxic DNA-PKcs signaling
Authors: Dibitetto Diego , Sims Jennie R , Ascenção Carolline F R , Feng Kevin , Kim Dongsung , Oberly Susannah , Freire Raimundo , Smolka Marcus B 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost cancer cells experience oncogene-induced replication stress and, as a result, exhibit high intrinsic activation of the ATR kinase. Although cancer cells often become more dependent on ATR for survival, the precise mechanism by which ATR signaling ensures cancer cell fitness and viability remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that intrinsic ATR signaling is crucial for the ability of cancer cells to promote DNA end resection, the first step in homology-directed DNA repair. Inhibition of ATR over multiple cell division cycles depletes the pool of pro-resection factors and prevents the engagement of RAD51 as well as RAD52 at nuclear foci, leading to toxic DNA-PKcs signaling and hypersensitivity to PARP inhibitors. The effect is markedly distinct from acute ATR inhibition, which blocks RAD51-mediated repair but not resection and engagement of RAD52. Our findings reveal a key pro-resection function for ATR and define how ATR inhibitors can be used for effective manipulation of DNA end resection capacity and DNA repair outcomes in cancer cells.
Differential role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide deficiency in acute and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Faivre Anna , Katsyuba Elena , Verissimo Thomas , Lindenmeyer Maja , Rajaram Renuga Devi , Naesens Maarten , Heckenmeyer Carolyn , Mottis Adrienne , Feraille Eric , Cippà Pietro , Cohen Clemens , Longchamp Alban , Allagnat Florent , Rutkowski Joseph M , Legouis David , Auwerx Johan , de Seigneux Sophie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a ubiquitous coenzyme involved in electron transport and a co-substrate for sirtuin function. NAD+ deficiency has been demonstrated in the context of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods
We studied the expression of key NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes in kidney biopsies from human allograft patients and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at different stages. We used ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and cisplatin injection to model AKI, urinary tract obstruction [unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)] and tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by proteinuria to investigate CKD in mice. We assessed the effect of nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation on AKI and CKD in animal models.

Results
RNA sequencing analysis of human kidney allograft biopsies during the reperfusion phase showed that the NAD+de novo synthesis is impaired in the immediate post-transplantation period, whereas the salvage pathway is stimulated. This decrease in de novo NAD+ synthesis was confirmed in two mouse models of IRI where NR supplementation prevented plasma urea and creatinine elevation and tubular injury. In human biopsies from CKD patients, the NAD+de novo synthesis pathway was impaired according to CKD stage, with better preservation of the salvage pathway. Similar alterations in gene expression were observed in mice with UUO or chronic proteinuric glomerular disease. NR supplementation did not prevent CKD progression, in contrast to its efficacy in AKI.

Conclusion
Impairment of NAD+ synthesis is a hallmark of AKI and CKD. NR supplementation is beneficial in ischaemic AKI but not in CKD models.
Evaluating the Effects of Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Content on the Performance of Differential Pressure Valves and Antisiphon Devices Using a Novel Benchtop Shunting Model
Authors: Gorelick Noah L , Serra Riccardo , Iyer Rajiv , Um Richard , Grewal Angad , Monroe Audrey , Antoine Hannah , Beharry Kelly , Cecia Arba , Kroll Francesca , Ishida Wataru , Perdomo-Pantoja Alexander , Xu Risheng , Loth Francis , Ye Xiaobu , Suk Ian , Tyler Betty , Bayston Roger , Luciano Mark G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hydrocephalus is managed by surgically implanting flow-diversion technologies such as differential pressure valves and antisiphoning devices; however, such hardware is prone to failure. Extensive research has tested them in flow-controlled settings using saline or de-aerated water, yet little has been done to validate their performance in a setting recreating physiologically relevant parameters, including intracranial pressures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein content, and body position.

OBJECTIVE
To more accurately chart the episodic drainage characteristics of flow-diversion technology. A gravity-driven benchtop model of flow was designed and tested continuously during weeks-long trials.

METHODS
Using a hydrostatic pressure gradient as the sole driving force, interval flow rates of 6 valves were examined in parallel with various fluids. Daily trials in the upright and supine positions were run with fluid output collected from distal catheters placed at alternating heights for extended intervals.

RESULTS
Significant variability in flow rates was observed, both within specific individual valves across different trials and among multiple valves of the same type. These intervalve and intravalve variabilities were greatest during supine trials and with increased protein. None of the valves showed evidence of overt obstruction during 30 d of exposure to CSF containing 5 g/L protein.

CONCLUSION
Day-to-day variability of ball-in-cone differential pressure shunt valves may increase overdrainage risk. Narrow-lumen high-resistance flow control devices as tested here under similar conditions appear to achieve more consistent flow rates, suggesting their use may be advantageous, and did not demonstrate any blockage or trend of decreasing flow over the 3 wk of chronic use.
OsASN1 Overexpression in Rice Increases Grain Protein Content and Yield under Nitrogen-Limiting Conditions
Authors: Lee Sichul , Park Joonheum , Lee Jinwon , Shin Dongjin , Marmagne Anne , Lim Pyung Ok , Masclaux-Daubresse Céline , An Gynheung , Nam Hong Gil 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a major limiting factor affecting crop yield in unfertilized soil. Thus, cultivars with a high N use efficiency (NUE) and good grain protein content (GPC) are needed to fulfill the growing food demand and to reduce environmental burden. This is especially true for rice (Oryza sativa L.) that is cultivated with a high input of N fertilizer and is a primary staple food crop for more than half of the global population. Here, we report that rice asparagine synthetase 1 (OsASN1) is required for grain yield and grain protein contents under both N-sufficient (conventional paddy fields) and N-limiting conditions from analyses of knockout mutant plants. In addition, we show that overexpression (OX) of OsASN1 results in better nitrogen uptake and assimilation, and increased tolerance to N limitation at the seedling stage. Under field conditions, the OsASN1 OX rice plants produced grains with increased N and protein contents without yield reduction compared to wild-type (WT) rice. Under N-limited conditions, the OX plants displayed increased grain yield and protein content with enhanced photosynthetic activity compared to WT rice. Thus, OsASN1 can be an effective target gene for the development of rice cultivars with higher grain protein content, NUE, and grain yield under N-limiting conditions.
Efficacy and Safety of Two Fixed-Dose Combinations of Tramadol Hydrochloride and Diclofenac Sodium in Postoperative Dental Pain
Authors: Desjardins Paul , Alvarado Fabian , Gil Martha , González Manuel , Guajardo Rogelio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of tramadol hydrochloride/diclofenac sodium fixed-dose combination 25 mg/25 mg (FDC 25/25) and 50 mg/50 mg (FDC 50/50) vs tramadol 50 mg (T50) and diclofenac 50 mg (D50) monotherapies in acute postoperative dental pain.SettingEight sites across Mexico.SubjectsAdults (N = 829) with moderate to severe pain after third molar extraction.DesignProspective, randomized, double-blind, diclofenac- and tramadol-controlled, parallel-group, noninferiority, phase 3 trial.MethodsSubjects were randomized to receive three doses (one every eight hours) of oral FDC 25/25, FDC 50/50, T50, or D50 over a 24-hour period. Pain intensity and pain relief were evaluated frequently over the 24 hours postdose. Secondary measures included peak pain relief, onset, and duration of effect. The primary objective was to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of FDC 50/50 or analgesic noninferiority of FDC 25/25 vs D50 or T50. The primary efficacy end point was total pain relief over four hours after dose 1 (TOTPAR4).ResultsTOTPAR4 scores showed that FDC 25/25 was noninferior (P &lt; 0.0001, delta = 1.5) and FDC 50/50 was superior (P &lt; 0.0001) to the individual components. All secondary efficacy measures supported these results. The safety profile of FDC 25/25 and FDC 50/50 was consistent with the known safety profile of D50 and T50 monotherapies, with no unexpected safety findings observed.ConclusionsTramadol/diclofenac FDC 25/25 and FDC 50/50 provide superior analgesia for acute pain after third molar extraction than either of the individual components. Minor adverse effects appeared to be related to the higher doses of tramadol.
A novel method for evaluating the dynamic biocompatibility of degradable biomaterials based on real-time cell analysis
Authors: Gai Xiaoxiao , Liu Chenghu , Wang Guowei , Qin Yang , Fan Chunguang , Liu Jia , Shi Yanping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Degradable biomaterials have emerged as a promising type of medical materials because of their unique advantages of biocompatibility, biodegradability and biosafety. Owing to their bioabsorbable and biocompatible properties, magnesium-based biomaterials are considered as ideal degradable medical implants. However, the rapid corrosion of magnesium-based materials not only limits their clinical application but also necessitates a more specific biological evaluation system and biosafety standard. In this study, extracts of pure Mg and its calcium alloy were prepared using different media based on ISO 10993:12; the Mg2+ concentration and osmolality of each extract were measured. The biocompatibility was investigated using the MTT assay and xCELLigence real-time cell analysis (RTCA). Cytotoxicity tests were conducted with L929, MG-63 and human umbilical vein endothelial cell lines. The results of the RTCA highly matched with those of the MTT assay and revealed the different dynamic modes of the cytotoxic process, which are related to the differences in the tested cell lines, Mg-based materials and dilution rates of extracts. This study provides an insight on the biocompatibility of biodegradable materials from the perspective of cytotoxic dynamics and suggests the applicability of RTCA for the cytotoxic evaluation of degradable biomaterials.
U.S. Monetary Policy and the Global Financial Cycle
Authors: Miranda-Agrippino Silvia , Rey Hélène 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
U.S. monetary policy shocks induce comovements in the international financial variables that characterize the “Global Financial Cycle.” A single global factor that explains an important share of the variation of risky asset prices around the world decreases significantly after a U.S. monetary tightening. Monetary contractions in the US lead to significant deleveraging of global financial intermediaries, a decline in the provision of domestic credit globally, strong retrenchments of international credit flows, and tightening of foreign financial conditions. Countries with floating exchange rate regimes are subject to similar financial spillovers.
The time course of moral perception: an ERP investigation of the moral pop-out effect
Authors: Gantman Ana , Devraj-Kizuk Sayeed , Mende-Siedlecki Peter , Van Bavel Jay J , Mathewson Kyle E 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHumans are highly attuned to perceptual cues about their values. A growing body of evidence suggests that people selectively attend to moral stimuli. However, it is unknown whether morality is prioritized early in perception or much later in cognitive processing. We use a combination of behavioral methods and electroencephalography to investigate how early in perception moral words are prioritized relative to non-moral words. The behavioral data replicate previous research indicating that people are more likely to correctly identify moral than non-moral words in a modified lexical decision task. The electroencephalography data reveal that words are distinguished from non-words as early as 200 ms after onset over frontal brain areas and moral words are distinguished from non-moral words 100 ms later over left-posterior cortex. Further analyses reveal that differences in brain activity to moral vs non-moral words cannot be explained by differences in arousal associated with the words. These results suggest that moral content might be prioritized in conscious awareness after an initial perceptual encoding but before subsequent memory processing or action preparation. This work offers a more precise theoretical framework for understanding how morality impacts vision and behavior.