bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-195 prevents hippocampal microglial/macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype induced by chronic brain hypoperfusion through regulating CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling
Authors: Mao Meng , Xu Yi , Zhang Xin-Yu , Yang Lin , An Xiao-bin , Qu Yang , Chai Ya-ni , Wang Yan-Ru , Li Ting-ting , Ai Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicroglial polarization is a dynamic response to acute brain hypoxia induced by stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, studies on the polarization of microglia in chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI) are limited. Our objective was to investigate the effect of CCCI on microglial polarization after chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH) and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsCBH model was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-vessel occlusion, 2VO) in rats. Using the stereotaxic injection technique, lenti-pre-miR-195and anti-miR-195oligonucleotide fragments (lenti-pre-AMO-miR-195) were injeted into the CA1 region of the hippocampus to construct animal models with high or low expression ofmiR-195. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were conducted to examine the status of microglial polarization. In vitro, Transwell co-culture system was taken to investigate the role ofmiR-195on neuronal-microglial communication through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the level ofmiR-195and inflammatory factors. The protein levels of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 were evaluated by both western blot and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsCBH induced by 2VO initiated microglial/macrophage activation in the rat hippocampus from 1 week to 8 weeks, as evaluated by increased ratio of (CD68+and CD206+)/Iba-1 immunofluorescence. And the microglial/macrophage polarization was shifted towards the M1 phenotype at 8 weeks following CBH. The expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 was increased in the hippocampus of 2VO rats at 8 weeks. An in vitro study in a Transwell co-culture system demonstrated that transfection of either primary-cultured neonatal rat neurons (NRNs) or microglial BV2 cells with AMO-195-induced M1 polarization of BV2 cells and increased CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression and that these effects were reversed bymiR-195mimics. Furthermore, the upregulation ofmiR-195induced by lenti-pre-miR-195injection prevented microglial/macrophage polarization to M1 phenotype triggered by hippocampal injection of lenti-pre-AMO-miR-195and 2VO surgery.ConclusionsOur findings conclude that downregulation ofmiR-195in the hippocampus is involved in CBH-induced microglial/macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype by governing communication between neurons and microglia through the regulation of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 signaling. This indicates thatmiR-195may provide a new strategy for clinical prevention and treatment of CBH.
Primary and secondary three-month outcomes of a cluster-randomized trial of home-based postpartum contraceptive delivery in southwest Trifinio, Guatemala
Authors: Harrison Margo S. , Bunge-Montes Saskia , Rivera Claudia , Jimenez-Zambrano Andrea , Heinrichs Gretchen , Bolanos Antonio , Asturias Edwin , Berman Stephen , Sheeder Jeanelle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Design
This a cluster-randomized parallel arm pragmatic trial to observe the association of home-based postpartum contraceptive provision, including the contraceptive implant, with implant utilization rates at 3 months post-enrollment.

Methods
In a region of rural Guatemala referred to as the Southwest Trifinio, twelve communities are served by a community-based antenatal and postnatal care program. The communities were combined into eight clusters based on 2017 birth rates and randomized to receive the home-based contraceptive delivery (condoms, pills, injection, implant) during the routine 40-day postpartum visit. All participants receive comprehensive contraceptive counseling beginning at the first antenatal visit, so control clusters received this as part of routine care; this education preceded the study intervention.

Results
Once the 12 communities were combined into 8 clusters by expected birth volume and nurse team, which we expected to translate to eventual postpartum visits, the allocation sequence was generated in SAS. Of 208 women enrolled in the study, 108 were in four intervention and 100 in four control clusters. We used descriptive statistics to produce counts and percentages of characteristics of the study population overall and by intervention arm followed by univariate modeling using a mixed effects regression adjusted for cluster. Three-month contraceptive initiation rates were 56.0% in the control clusters compared to 76.8% in the intervention clusters, p < 0.001. Women in control clusters overwhelmingly opted for the injectable contraceptive (94.6%) while women in intervention clusters chose both the injection (61.5%) and the implant (33.7%), p < 0.001. Implant use by 3 months, the primary outcome of the study, was significantly higher in the intervention arm (25.9%) compared to the control arm (3.6%), p < 0.001, RR 1.3 CI [1.2, 1.4].

Conclusion
Our study was designed to respond to previously identified barriers to contraceptive uptake, and it was successful. Not only did it increase overall use of contraception by 3 months, but it shifted that contraceptive use away from short-acting methods in favor of longer-acting methods, with high continuation and satisfaction rates and no adverse outcomes reported.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04005391; Retrospectively Registered 7/2/2019,
The prevalence of psychosocial related terminology in chiropractic program courses, chiropractic accreditation standards, and chiropractic examining board testing content in the United States
Authors: Gliedt Jordan A. , Battaglia Patrick J. , Holmes Benjamin D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Spine related disorders entail biological (somatic), psychological, and social factors. Though biological factors are often emphasized, psychosocial considerations may not be receiving proper attention in the chiropractic field. Chiropractors treat spine complaints and therefore should be trained in the full spectrum of the biopsychosocial model. This study examines the use of psychosocial related terminology in United States doctor of chiropractic program (DCP) curricula, the Council on Chiropractic Education (CCE) standards, and the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) test plans.

Methods
Nineteen academic course catalogs, CCE curricular standards and meta-competencies, and NBCE test plans were studied. Terms containing “psycho”, “soci”, “mental”, “econom”, “cultur”, “emotion”, “determinant”, “public”, “communit”, “neighbor”, “behav”, or “cognitive” were identified in each document. Frequency of use, context of use, thematic categorization, and percentage of use compared to overall content were calculated and described.

Results
‘Public’ is the most commonly used psychosocial related term in DCP curricula. ‘Determinant’ was used in 1 DCP curriculum. The number of courses with psychosocial related terminology in course titles and course descriptions ranged from 1 to 5 and 3 to 12, respectively. Most terms are found in clinical skills, special populations, and other miscellaneous courses, with fewer terms found in psychology and public health courses. Terminology use in course titles and descriptions compared to overall content ranges from 3.40 to 14.86%. CCE uses terminology 17 times across 5 (out of 8) total meta-competencies. NBCE includes terminology in test plans I and II, but not III or IV.

Conclusions
Despite evidence suggesting the influential role of psychosocial factors in determinants of health and healthcare delivery, these factors are poorly reflected in United States DCP curricula. This underappreciation is further evidenced by the lack of representation of psychosocial terminology in NBCE parts III and IV test plans. The reasons for this are theoretical; lack of clarity or enforcement of CCE meta-competencies may contribute.
Myocardial deformation after radiotherapy: a layer-specific and territorial longitudinal strain analysis in a cohort of left-sided breast cancer patients (BACCARAT study)
Authors: Walker Valentin , Lairez Olivier , Fondard Olivier , Jimenez Gaëlle , Camilleri Jérémy , Panh Loïc , Broggio David , Bernier Marie-Odile , Laurier Dominique , Ferrières Jean , Jacob Sophie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadiotherapy for breast cancer (BC) and its resulting cardiac exposure are associated with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction characterized by early decrease of global longitudinal strain (LS) measurement based on 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography. Recent software allows multi-layer and segmental analysis of strain, which may be of interest to quantify and locate the impact of cardiac exposure on myocardial function and potentially increase the early detection of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether decrease in LS 6 months after radiotherapy is layer-specific and if it varies according to the left ventricular regional level and the coronary arterial territories.MethodsLS was measured at baseline before radiotherapy and 6 months post-radiotherapy. The LS was obtained for each myocardial layer (endocardial, mid-myocardial, epicardial), left ventricular regional level (basal, mid, apical) and coronary artery territory (left anterior descending artery (LAD), circumflex artery, right coronary artery).ResultsThe study included 64 left-sided BC patients. Mean age was 58 years, mean doses to the heart, the left ventricle and the LAD were respectively 3.0, 6.7 and 16.4 Gy. The absolute decrease of LS was significant for the three layers (endocardial: − 20.0 ± 3.2% to − 18.8 ± 3.8%; mid-myocardial: − 16.0 ± 2.7% to − 15.0 ± 3.1%; epicardial: − 12.3 ± 2.5% to − 11.4 ± 2.8%, allp = 0.02), but only the relative decrease of LS in the endocardial layer was close to be significant (− 4.7%,p = 0.05). More precisely, the LS of the endocardial layer was significantly decreased for the most exposed parts of the left ventricle corresponding to the apical level (− 26.3 ± 6.0% vs. -24.2 ± 7.1%,p = 0.03) and LAD territory (− 22.8 ± 4.0% vs. -21.4 ± 4.8%,p = 0.03).ConclusionSix months post-radiotherapy, LS decreased predominantly in the endocardial layer of the most exposed part of the left ventricle. For precise evaluation of radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and early left ventricular dysfunction, the endocardial layer-based LS might be the most sensitive parameter.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02605512, Registered 6 November 2015 - Retrospectively registered.
Effect of facet-joint degeneration on the in vivo motion of the lower lumbar spine
Authors: Yin Jun , Liu Zhang , Li Chao , Luo Shiwei , Lai Qi , Wang Shaobai , Zhang Bin , Wan Zongmiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis research studied the in vivo motion characteristics of the L3–S1 lumbar spine with facet-joint degeneration during functional activities.MethodsThirteen male and 21 female patients with facet-joint degeneration at the L3–S1 spinal region were included in the study. The L3–S1 lumbar segments of all the patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of facet-joints degeneration (mild, moderate, or severe). The ranges of motion (ROM) of the vertebrae were analyzed using a combination of computed tomography and dual fluoroscopic imaging techniques. During functional postures, the ROMs were compared between the 3 groups at each spinal level (L3–L4, L4–L5, and L5–S1).ResultsAt L3–L4 level, the primary rotations between the mild and moderate groups during left-right twisting activity were significantly different. At L4–L5 level, the primary rotation of the moderate group was significantly higher than the other groups during flexion-extension. During left-right bending activities, a significant difference was observed only between the moderate and severe groups. At L5–S1 level, the rotation of the moderate group was significantly higher than the mild group during left-right bending activity.ConclusionsDegeneration of the facet joint alters the ROMs of the lumbar spine. As the degree of facet-joint degeneration increased, the ROMs of the lumbar vertebra that had initially increased declined. However, when there was severe facet-joint degeneration, the ROMs of the lumbar spine declined to levels comparative to the moderate group. The relationship between the stability of the lumbar vertebra and the degree of facet-joint degeneration requires further study.
A novel prognostic model for adult patients with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zhou Jing , Wu Zhi-Qi , Goyal Hemant , Xu Hua-Guo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a type of rare disease with low survival rate. We aimed to develop a model to evaluate the six-month prognosis in adult HLH patients. The data at discharge (will be called as post-treatment) for newly diagnosed adult HLH patients was collected and independent prognostic variables were selected for inclusion in the model.

Results
Three laboratory markers were confirmed to be the independent risk factors (ferritin: hazard ratio (HR) 0.101, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.036–0.282, P<0.001; platelets: HR 4.799, 95% CI 1.884–12.223, P = 0.001; alanine aminotransferase (ALT): HR 0.423, 95% CI 0.180–0.997, P = 0.049). These were included in the final clinical prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves disclosed that this model had a better discrimination (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.842, 95% CI 0.773–0.910, P < 0.001) than each of them alone and the calibration curves aligned completely with the model predictions and actual observations. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a significant difference in the overall survival (OS) in patients stratified by the model with higher values associated with a better OS.

Conclusion
These results point out that serum ferritin, platelets and ALT levels are independent elements of OS in adult patients with HLH, and that the proposed model have a better prognostic value than any of these markers alone.
Association between mean arterial pressure during the first 24 hours and hospital mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Burstein Barry , Tabi Meir , Barsness Gregory W. , Bell Malcolm R. , Kashani Kianoush , Jentzer Jacob C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The optimal MAP target for patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) remains unknown. We sought to determine the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mortality in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients with CS.

Methods
Using a single-center database of CICU patients admitted between 2007 and 2015, we identified patients with an admission diagnosis of CS. MAP was measured every 15 min, and the mean of all MAP values during the first 24 h (mMAP24) was recorded. Multivariable logistic regression determined the relationship between mMAP24 and adjusted hospital mortality.

Results
We included 1002 patients with a mean age of 68 ± 13.7 years, including 36% females. Admission diagnoses included acute coronary syndrome in 60%, heart failure in 74%, and cardiac arrest in 38%. Vasoactive drugs were used in 72%. The mMAP24 was higher (75 vs. 71 mmHg, p < 0.001) among hospital survivors (66%) compared with non-survivors (34%). Hospital mortality was inversely associated with mMAP24 (adjusted OR 0.9 per 5 mmHg higher mMAP24, p = 0.01), with a stepwise increase in hospital mortality at lower mMAP24. Patients with mMAP24 < 65 mmHg were at higher risk of hospital mortality (57% vs. 28%, adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–3.0, p < 0.001); no differences were observed between patients with mMAP24 65–74 vs. ≥ 75 mmHg (p > 0.1).

Conclusion
In patients with CS, we observed an inverse relationship between mMAP24 and hospital mortality. The poor outcomes in patients with mMAP24 < 65 mmHg provide indirect evidence supporting a MAP goal of 65 mmHg for patients with CS.
Cis and trans effects differentially contribute to the evolution of promoters and enhancers
Authors: Mattioli Kaia , Oliveros Winona , Gerhardinger Chiara , Andergassen Daniel , Maass Philipp G. , Rinn John L. , Melé Marta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Gene expression differences between species are driven by both cis and trans effects. Whereas cis effects are caused by genetic variants located on the same DNA molecule as the target gene, trans effects are due to genetic variants that affect diffusible elements. Previous studies have mostly assessed the impact of cis and trans effects at the gene level. However, how cis and trans effects differentially impact regulatory elements such as enhancers and promoters remains poorly understood. Here, we use massively parallel reporter assays to directly measure the transcriptional outputs of thousands of individual regulatory elements in embryonic stem cells and measure cis and trans effects between human and mouse.

Results
Our approach reveals that cis effects are widespread across transcribed regulatory elements, and the strongest cis effects are associated with the disruption of motifs recognized by strong transcriptional activators. Conversely, we find that trans effects are rare but stronger in enhancers than promoters and are associated with a subset of transcription factors that are differentially expressed between human and mouse. While we find that cis-trans compensation is common within promoters, we do not see evidence of widespread cis-trans compensation at enhancers. Cis-trans compensation is inversely correlated with enhancer redundancy, suggesting that such compensation may often occur across multiple enhancers.

Conclusions
Our results highlight differences in the mode of evolution between promoters and enhancers in complex mammalian genomes and indicate that studying the evolution of individual regulatory elements is pivotal to understand the tempo and mode of gene expression evolution.
Identifying disease trajectories with predicate information from a knowledge graph
Authors: Vlietstra Wytze J. , Vos Rein , van den Akker Marjan , van Mulligen Erik M. , Kors Jan A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Knowledge graphs can represent the contents of biomedical literature and databases as subject-predicate-object triples, thereby enabling comprehensive analyses that identify e.g. relationships between diseases. Some diseases are often diagnosed in patients in specific temporal sequences, which are referred to as disease trajectories. Here, we determine whether a sequence of two diseases forms a trajectory by leveraging the predicate information from paths between (disease) proteins in a knowledge graph. Furthermore, we determine the added value of directional information of predicates for this task. To do so, we create four feature sets, based on two methods for representing indirect paths, and both with and without directional information of predicates (i.e., which protein is considered subject and which object). The added value of the directional information of predicates is quantified by comparing the classification performance of the feature sets that include or exclude it.

Results
Our method achieved a maximum area under the ROC curve of 89.8% and 74.5% when evaluated with two different reference sets. Use of directional information of predicates significantly improved performance by 6.5 and 2.0 percentage points respectively.

Conclusions
Our work demonstrates that predicates between proteins can be used to identify disease trajectories. Using the directional information of predicates significantly improved performance over not using this information.
SPP1 promotes Schwann cell proliferation and survival through PKCα by binding with CD44 and αvβ3 after peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Wang Jiang-Bo , Zhang Zhan , Li Jian-Nan , Yang Tuo , Du Shuang , Cao Rang-Juan , Cui Shu-Sen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSchwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury. The expression of genes in SCs undergo a series of changes, which greatly affect the proliferation and apoptosis of SCs as well as the fate of peripheral nerve regeneration. However, how do these genes regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of SCs remains unclear.ResultsSPP1 and PKCα were found upregulated after human median peripheral nerve injury, which promoted SCs proliferation and survival. The promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis by SPP1 were blocked after the treatment of PKCα antagonist Gö6976. Whereas, the inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis induced by silence of SPP1 could be rescued by the activation of PKCα, which suggested that SPP1 functioned through PKCα. Moreover, both CD44 and αvβ3 were found expressed in SCs and increased after peripheral nerve injury. Silence of CD44 or β3 alleviated the increased proliferation and inhibited apoptosis induced by recombinant osteopontin, suggesting the function of SPP1 on SCs were dependent on CD44 and β3.ConclusionThese results suggested that SPP1 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of SCs through PKCα signaling pathway by binding with CD44 and αvβ3. This study provides a potential therapeutic target for improving peripheral nerve recovery.
Trends and socioeconomic disparities in diabetes prevalence and quality of care among Israeli children; 2011-2018
Authors: Loewenberg Weisband Yiska , Krieger Michal , Calderon-Margalit Ronit , Manor Orly 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite Israel’s universal health coverage, disparities in health services provision may still exist. We aimed to assess socioeconomic disparities in diabetes prevalence and quality of care among Israeli children, and to assess whether these changed over time.

Methods
We used repeated cross-sectional analyses in the setting of the National Program for Quality Indicators in Community Healthcare. The data were derived from electronic medical records from Israel’s four health maintenance organizations. The study population included all Israeli children aged 2–17 years in 2011–2018 (2018: N = 2,404,856). Socio-economic position (SEP) was measured using Central Bureau of Statistics data further updated by a private company (Points Business Mapping Ltd), and grouped into 4 categories, ranging from 1 (lowest) to 4 (highest). We used logistic regression to assess the association of SEP with diabetes prevalence, diabetes clinic visits, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) testing, and poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 9%), and assessed whether these changed over time.

Results
Diabetes prevalence increased with age and SEP, with a total of 3019 children with diabetes. SEP was positively associated with visiting a specialized diabetes clinic (age and sex adjusted Odds Ratio (aORSEP 4 vs. 1 2.45, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.67–3.69)). Although children in higher SEPs were less likely to undergo HbA1c testing (aORSEP 4 vs. 1 0.54, 95% CI 0.40–0.72), they were also less likely to have poor glycemic control (aORSEP 4 vs. 1 0.25, 95% CI 0.18–0.34). Disparities were especially apparent among children aged 2–9 (6.5% poor glycemic control in SEP 4 vs. 38.2% in SEP 1). Poor glycemic control decreased over time, from 44.0% in 2011 to 34.1% in 2018.

Conclusions
While poor glycemic control rates among children have improved, they remain high compared to rates in adults. Additionally, substantial socioeconomic gaps remain. It is eminent to study the causes of these disparities and develop policies to improve care provided to children in the lower SEP levels, to promote health equity.