bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Something new and different’: student perceptions of content and language integrated learning
Authors: Mahan Karina Rose , Norheim Helga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContent and language integrated learning (CLIL) is a growing field, but we have limited knowledge of how students actually experience CLIL teaching. This study examines why students choose CLIL programmes, how they perceive them, and how they assess their science teaching in English L2. Students from two Norwegian CLIL 11th-grade classes (N = 50) answered two questionnaires. The results revealed that students primarily chose CLIL programmes because they view English as a key factor to success in their studies and their future work lives. The pros included improving English, classroom environment, and motivation, and the cons were the diminished role of L1, school environment, and cognitive difficulties in learning through L2. Students were satisfied, noting that their teachers clarified the material and often conferred with and challenged them. However, students lacked the freedom to create their own tasks and felt that L1 needed to be more clearly integrated into the teaching.
Midlife blood pressure is associated with the severity of white matter hyperintensities: analysis of the UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Wartolowska Karolina Agnieszka , Webb Alastair John Stewart 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) progress with age and hypertension, but the key period of exposure to elevated blood pressure (BP), and the relative role of systolic BP (SBP) vs. diastolic BP (DBP), remains unclear. This study aims to determine the relationship between WMH and concurrent vs. past BP.

Methods and results
UK Biobank is a prospective community-based cohort of 40–69-year olds from 22 centres, with magnetic resonance imaging in a subgroup of over 40 000 people at 4–12 years after baseline assessment. Standardized associations between WMH load (WMH volume normalized by total white matter volume and logit-transformed) and concurrent vs. past BP were determined using linear models, adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, BP source, assessment centre, and time since baseline. Associations adjusted for regression dilution bias were determined between median WMH and usual SBP or DBP, stratified by age and baseline BP.
In 37 041 eligible participants with WMH data and BP measures, WMH were more strongly associated with concurrent SBP [DBP: β = 0.064, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.050–0.078; SBP: β = 0.076, 95% CI 0.062–0.090], but the strongest association was for past DBP (DBP: β = 0.087, 95% CI 0.064–0.109; SBP: β = 0.045, 95% CI 0.022–0.069), particularly under the age of 50 (DBP: β = 0.103, 95% CI 0.055–0.152; SBP: β = 0.012, 95% CI −0.044 to 0.069). Due to the higher prevalence of elevated SBP, median WMH increased 1.126 (95% CI 1.107–1.146) per 10 mmHg usual SBP and 1.106 (95% CI 1.090–1.122) per 5 mmHg usual DBP, whilst the population attributable fraction of WMH in the top decile was greater for elevated SBP (19.1% for concurrent SBP; 24.4% for past SBP). Any increase in BP, even below 140 for SBP and below 90 mmHg for DBP, and especially if requiring antihypertensive medication, was associated with increased WMH.

Conclusions
WMH were strongly associated with concurrent and past elevated BP with the population burden of severe WMH greatest for SBP. However, before the age of 50, DBP was more strongly associated with WMH. Long-term prevention of WMH may require control of even mildly elevated midlife DBP.
Long-term cardiovascular disease mortality among 160 834 5-year survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer: an American population-based cohort study
Authors: Wang Lai , Wang Fengjiao , Chen Lianyu , Geng Yawen , Yu Shulin , Chen Zhen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
Our aim was to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in US 5-year survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer compared with those of the general population and contemporaneous 5-year survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods and results
A total of 160 834 5-year AYA cancer survivors (aged 15–39 years at diagnosis) were included, representing 2 239 390 person-years of follow-up. Overall, 2910 CVD deaths occurred, which was 1.4-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–1.4] that expected in the general population, corresponding to 3.6 (95% CI 3.2–3.9) excess CVD deaths per 10 000 person-years. The highest risk of cardiac mortality was experienced after Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), and the highest risk of cerebrovascular mortality was observed with central nervous system (CNS) tumours. Even survivors in their 6th and 7th decades of life, the risk of CVD mortality remained markedly higher than that of the matched general population. Competing risk analysis showed that the cumulative mortality of CVD was elevated among AYA cancer survivors compared with childhood cancer survivors during the whole study period.

Conclusion
Long-term AYA cancer survivors have a greater risk of CVD mortality than the US general population and childhood cancer survivors. Vulnerable subgroups, especially survivors of HL and CNS tumours, require continued close follow-up care for cardiovascular conditions throughout survivorship.
The unfolded protein response in Pichia pastoris without external stressing stimuli
Authors: Fauzee Yasmin Nabilah Binti Mohd , Taniguchi Naoki , Ishiwata-Kimata Yuki , Takagi Hiroshi , Kimata Yukio 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Dysfunction or capacity shortage of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is cumulatively called ER stress and provokes the unfolded protein response (UPR). In various yeast species, the ER-located transmembrane protein Ire1 is activated upon ER stress and performs the splicing reaction of HAC1 mRNA, the mature form of which is translated into a transcription factor protein that is responsible for the transcriptome change on the UPR. Here we carefully assessed the splicing of HAC1 mRNA in Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) cells. We found that, inconsistent with previous reports by others, the HAC1 mRNA was substantially, but partially, spliced even without ER-stressing stimuli. Unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae, growth of P. pastoris was significantly retarded by the IRE1-gene knockout mutation. Moreover, P. pastoris cells seemed to push more abundant proteins into the secretory pathway than S. cerevisiae cells. We also suggest that P. pastoris Ire1 has the ability to control its activity stringently in an ER stress-dependent manner. We thus propose that P. pastoris cells are highly ER-stressed possibly because of the high load of endogenous proteins into the ER.
Harnessing the health systems strengthening potential of quality improvement using realist evaluation: an example from southern Tanzania
Authors: Manzi Fatuma , Marchant Tanya , Hanson Claudia , Schellenberg Joanna , Mkumbo Elibariki , Mlaguzi Mwanaidi , Tancred Tara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Quality improvement (QI) is a problem-solving approach in which stakeholders identify context-specific problems and create and implement strategies to address these. It is an approach that is increasingly used to support health system strengthening, which is widely promoted in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, few QI initiatives are sustained and implementation is poorly understood. Here, we propose realist evaluation to fill this gap, sharing an example from southern Tanzania. We use realist evaluation to generate insights around the mechanisms driving QI implementation. These insights can be harnessed to maximize capacity strengthening in QI and to support its operationalization, thus contributing to health systems strengthening. Realist evaluation begins by establishing an initial programme theory, which is presented here. We generated this through an elicitation approach, in which multiple sources (theoretical literature, a document review and previous project reports) were collated and analysed retroductively to generate hypotheses about how the QI intervention is expected to produce specific outcomes linked to implementation. These were organized by health systems building blocks to show how each block may be strengthened through QI processes. Our initial programme theory draws from empowerment theory and emphasizes the self-reinforcing nature of QI: the more it is implemented, the more improvements result, further empowering people to use it. We identified that opportunities that support skill- and confidence-strengthening are essential to optimizing QI, and thus, to maximizing health systems strengthening through QI. Realist evaluation can be used to generate rich implementation data for QI, showcasing how it can be supported in ‘real-world’ conditions for health systems strengthening.
Brain ventricular enlargement in human and murine acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: Jericó Daniel , Luis Elkin O , Cussó Lorena , Fernández-Seara María A , Morales Xabier , Córdoba Karol M , Benito Marina , Sampedro Ana , Larriva María , Ramírez María J , de Salamanca Rafael Enríquez , Ortiz-de-Solorzano Carlos , Alegre Manuel , Prieto Jesús , Lanciego José Luis , D’Avola Delia , Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza Gloria , Pastor María A , Desco Manuel , Fontanellas Antonio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The morphological changes that occur in the central nervous system of patients with severe acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) have not yet been clearly established. The aim of this work was to analyse brain involvement in patients with severe AIP without epileptic seizures or clinical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, as well as in a mouse model receiving or not liver-directed gene therapy aimed at correcting the metabolic disorder. We conducted neuroradiologic studies in 8 severely affected patients (6 women) and 16 gender- and age-matched controls. Seven patients showed significant enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and decreased brain perfusion was observed during the acute attack in two patients in whom perfusion imaging data were acquired. AIP mice exhibited reduced cerebral blood flow and developed chronic dilatation of the cerebral ventricles even in the presence of slightly increased porphyrin precursors. While repeated phenobarbital-induced attacks exacerbated ventricular dilation in AIP mice, correction of the metabolic defect using liver-directed gene therapy restored brain perfusion and afforded protection against ventricular enlargement. Histological studies revealed no signs of neuronal loss but a denser neurofilament pattern in the periventricular areas, suggesting compression probably caused by imbalance in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. In conclusion, severely affected AIP patients exhibit cerebral ventricular enlargement. Liver-directed gene therapy protected against the morphological consequences of the disease seen in the brain of AIP mice.
The observational study was registered at Clinicaltrial.gov as NCT02076763.
An unfitted hybrid high-order method for the Stokes interface problem
Authors: Burman Erik , Delay Guillaume , Ern Alexandre 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We design and analyze a hybrid high-order method on unfitted meshes to approximate the Stokes interface problem. The interface can cut through the mesh cells in a very general fashion. A cell-agglomeration procedure prevents the appearance of small cut cells. Our main results are inf-sup stability and a priori error estimates with optimal convergence rates in the energy norm. Numerical simulations corroborate these results.
The global prevalence and trend of human intestinal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in the community
Authors: Bezabih Yihienew M , Sabiiti Wilber , Alamneh Endalkachew , Bezabih Alamneh , Peterson Gregory M , Bezabhe Woldesellassie M , Roujeinikova Anna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Intestinal colonization by ESBL Escherichia coli and its association with community-acquired MDR infections is of great concern. This review determined the worldwide prevalence of human faecal ESBL E. coli carriage and its trend in the community over the past two decades.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar to retrieve articles published between 1 January 2000 and 13 February 2020 that contained data on the prevalence of faecal carriage of ESBL E. coli among healthy individuals. A cumulative (for the whole period) meta-analysis was used to estimate the global and regional pooled prevalence rates. Articles were grouped into study periods of 3 years, and subgroup meta-analyses were undertaken to examine the global pooled prevalence over time.

Results
Sixty-two articles covering 29 872 healthy persons were included in this meta-analysis. The cumulative (2003–18) global pooled prevalence of ESBL E. coli intestinal carriage in the community was 16.5% (95% CI 14.3%–18.7%; P  &lt;  0.001). The pooled prevalence showed an upward trend, increasing from 2.6% (95% CI 1.6%–4.0%) in 2003–05 to 21.1% (95% CI 15.8%–27.0%) in 2015–18. Over the whole period, the highest carriage rate was observed in South-East Asia (27%; 95% CI 2.9%–51.3%), while the lowest occurred in Europe (6.0%; 95% CI 4.6%–7.5%).

Conclusions
Globally, an 8-fold increase in the intestinal carriage rate of ESBL E. coli in the community has occurred over the past two decades. Prevention of its spread may require new therapeutic and public health strategies.
Online Social Regulation: When Everyday Diplomatic Skills for Harmonious Disagreement Break Down
Authors: Roos Carla A , Koudenburg Namkje , Postmes Tom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn group discussions, people rely on everyday diplomatic skills to socially regulate the interaction, maintain harmony, and avoid escalation. This article compares social regulation in online and face-to-face (FtF) groups. It studies the micro-dynamics of online social interactions in response to disagreements. Thirty-two triads discussed, in a repeated measures design, controversial topics via text-based online chat and FtF. The fourth group member was a confederate who voiced a deviant (right-wing) opinion. Results show that online interactions were less responsive and less ambiguous compared with FtF discussions. This affected participants’ social attributions: they felt their interaction partners ignored them and displayed disinhibited behavior. This also had relational consequences: participants experienced polarization and less solidarity. These results offer a new perspective on the process of online polarization: this might not be due to changes in individual psychology (e.g., disinhibition), but to misattributions of online behavior.
Microbial Control of the Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Using Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) by the Means of an Autodissemination Device
Authors: Srei Narin , Guertin Claude , Lavallée Robert , Lajoie Marie-Ève , Brousseau Christian , Bergevin Réjean , Miller Fredric , McMillin Kendra , Trudel Richard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The FraxiProtec, an autodissemination device loaded with the fungus Beauveria bassiana isolate CFL-A, was tested in the field to evaluate its potential to infect emerald ash borer adults and reduce their populations. During the 2-yr experimental period, the dispersion of B. bassiana-infected adults was also documented to assess the dissemination capacity of the biocontrol agent beyond the treated areas. The mean percentage of infected emerald ash borer in 2017 and 2018 in 15 treated sites was 43.3 ± 2.9% and 39.7 ± 3.9%, respectively, and no significant variation was observed over the tested years. Furthermore, a 40% significant reduction of the mean emerald ash borer population growth per tree in treated sites was recorded when compared to the control sites. Emerald ash borer infected with B. bassiana isolate CFL-A were collected from baited sticky traps in the sentinel stations in the area surrounding the FraxiProtec-treated sites. Even at a distance of 125 m, an average of 9.4 ± 2.6% infected emerald ash borer were collected. Finally, exploratory analyzes were carried out on parameters such as the area to be treated, ash tree density, and FraxiProtec density to document potential relationships, which could be used in the determination of a prescription.
Distributional Preferences in Larger Groups: Keeping up with the Joneses and Keeping Track of the Tails
Authors: Fisman Raymond , Kuziemko Ilyana , Vannutelli Silvia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study distributional preferences in larger “societies”. We conduct experiments via Mechanical Turk, in which subjects choose between two income distributions, each with seven (or more) individuals, with hypothetical incomes that aim to approximate the actual distribution of income in the United States. In contrast to prior work, our design allows us to flexibly capture the particular distributional concerns of subjects. Consistent with standard maximin (Rawlsian) preferences, subjects select distributions in which the bottom individual’s income is higher (but show little regard for lower incomes above the bottom ranking). In contrast to standard models, however, we find that subjects select distributions that lower the top individual’s income, but not other high incomes. Finally, we provide evidence of “locally competitive” preferences—in most experimental sessions, subjects select distributions that lower the income of the individual directly above them, whereas the income of the individual two positions above has little effect on subjects’ decisions. Our findings suggest that theories of inequality aversion should be adapted to account for individuals’ aversion to “topmost” and “local” disadvantageous inequality.
Comparing Selected Life-History Traits of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Produced in Industrial and Bench-Top-Sized Containers
Authors: Yang Fangchun , Tomberlin Jeffery K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As global food demand is increasing along with human population growth, there is a greater need for alternative protein sources. Insect protein, especially the larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), has become a key approach for solving this issue in part due to its ability to convert organic waste into insect biomass with minimal resource (e.g., land, water) requirements. However, most information utilized to develop industrial production of this species is reliant on data generated from laboratory-scaled studies. Unfortunately, scaling these data to an industrial level potentially is not linear resulting in over, or under, estimating production. In this study, we compared selected life-history traits of larval black soldier fly produced at benchtop (e.g., 1 liter container with 614 larvae) and industrial scales (e.g., 29.5 liter container inoculated with 10,000 larvae). Larvae were provided a single feeding (2 g/larva) in each treatment. Significant differences in the mean larval weight (24.7%), survivorship (−28.2%), and biomass conversion (−2.7%) were determined between benchtop and industrial treatments. These results indicate larval number and the associated container size are important factors to consider when designing a black soldier fly factory. Furthermore, caution should be taken when applying data from laboratory studies to industrial scale production systems as the values potentially are not linear.
COVID-19: responsibility and accountability in a world of rationing
Authors: Jerry Robert H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is the first modern public health crisis with the potential to overwhelm the public healthcare system. When rationing of services, drugs, and equipment must occur, healthcare providers have a responsibility to make rationing decisions fairly, both procedurally and substantively. In addition, healthcare providers, like all professionals, are accountable for their decisions. The legal standard of care requires providers to exercise the skill and knowledge normally possessed by providers in good standing in the same field or class of practice acting in the same or similar circumstances. But making rationing decisions in crisis conditions, like those created by COVID-19, is not the same as or similar to decision making in non-crisis conditions. Thus, the standard of care, properly applied, expects less of providers practicing under the stress of COVID-19’s triage conditions. Because many healthcare providers do not perceive this is true, and for pragmatic and normative reasons, policymakers should articulate rules limiting providers’ liability for rationing decisions—as well as other acts and omissions—occurring in and attendant to crisis conditions. These rules should not, however, create absolute immunities. As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, more states are embracing this approach.
Establishment of the Invasive Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the West Valley Area of San Bernardino County, CA
Authors: Mullens Patrick , Su Tianyun , Vong Quan , Thieme Jennifer , Brown Michelle Q 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), is the most aggressive invasive mosquito species with worldwide distribution. In addition to being a notorious nuisance species, it can pose significant public health concern because of its ability to transmit various viral pathogens. The first adult capture in the West Valley area of San Bernardino County, CA, occurred in September 2015 in Montclair. A strategic surveillance plan was implemented accordingly by the West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District to document the infestation. The Biogent Sentinel (BG-2) trap augmented with BG-Lure and carbon dioxide (CO2) was deployed as a routine surveillance tool during 2017–2019. Extensive trapping revealed an expanding infestation, when positive trap nights (TN) increased from 14.2% in 2017 to 23.9% in 2018 and 55.6% in 2019. The average counts/TN increased from 0.65 in 2017 and 0.90 in 2018 to 3.83 in 2019. The cities of Montclair, Chino, and Ontario had much higher infestation than other cities in the district with the highest positive TN of 46.0% in Montclair, and highest average trap count of 3.23/TN in Chino. It was interesting to note that males coincided with females with more profound trend during warmer months of July to October when ratios of males ranged 28.4–35.0%. The BG-2 trap significantly outperformed the CO2 trap and gravid trap. The establishment of this invasive species in semiarid inland Southern California was further confirmed by concurrent larval collections.
First Record of Carios kelleyi (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae) in New Jersey, United States and Implications for Public Health
Authors: Occi James L , Hall MacKenzie , Egizi Andrea M , Robbins Richard G , Fonseca Dina M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The soft tick Carios kelleyi (Cooley and Kohls), a parasite of bats known to occur in at least 29 of the 48 conterminous U.S. states, is here reported from New Jersey for the first time, based on larvae collected from big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus. Although thought to be widespread in North America, the ecology of C. kelleyi is not well understood, despite reports of this species feeding on humans and its consequent potential as a disease vector. The association of C. kelleyi with bat species that regularly roost in human-made structures, such as attics and barns, and recent isolations from this tick of pathogens capable of infecting humans, companion animals, and livestock underscore the need for further studies of these bat ectoparasites.