bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smudge Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Pathophysiology, Laboratory Considerations, and Clinical Significance
Authors: Marionneaux Steven M , Keohane Elaine M , Lamanna Nicole , King Thomas C , Mehta Shashi R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most commonly encountered leukemia in the clinical laboratory. Cytoskeletal defects in CLL lymphocytes can result in the formation of up to 75% smudge cells (SCs) during blood film preparation. Failure to account for these damaged lymphocytes in the white blood cell (WBC) differential diminishes the accuracy and reproducibility of the results. Lacking clear practice standards on handling SCs in CLL, different laboratories may employ different methods to mitigate SC-induced errors. This review explores the pathophysiology of SCs, their effect on WBC differentials in CLL, and how these results can impact clinical decisions. The pros and cons of various SC corrective methods are described to assist laboratories in developing an optimized protocol to reduce errors and inconsistencies in WBC differentials. Finally, the potential utility of SC enumeration as an indicator of CLL prognosis is discussed in terms of laboratories with differing access to technology.
Erythropoiesis and Iron Parameters in Transfusion-dependent and Nontransfusion-dependent Thalassemias
Authors: Ozturk Zeynep , Gumuslu Saadet , Yalcin Koray , Kupesiz Alphan 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
To clarify mechanisms of ineffective erythropoiesis on iron metabolism, studies on erythroid factors that regulating hepcidin suppression have been carried out. The aim of the current study is to identify associations between erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis parameters in β-thalassemias.

Materials and Methods:
This study consisted of 83 subjects: 21 thalassemia major (TM), 20 thalassemia intermedia (TI), 20 thalassemia trait (TT), and 22 healthy subjects (HS). Erythroferrone (ERFE), hepcidin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), erythropoietin (EPO), and iron status parameters were measured.

Results:
Our results showed that TM and TI patients had higher hepcidin than the TT and control groups. The hepcidin/ferritin in TM patients was significantly lower than the other groups. GDF15 in TM and TI patients was significantly higher than in the TT and control groups. Also, TI group had significantly higher ERFE concentration and EPO activity when compared with the TM, TT, and HS groups. EPO activity showed positive correlation with ERFE and GDF15 concentrations. We could not find any correlation between ERFE and hepcidin concentrations.

Conclusions:
ERFE may be one of the parameters used to demonstrate erythropoietic activity level in thalassemias. More detailed studies are needed to clarify the role of ERFE in iron metabolism in the patients with thalassemias.
CLN5 and CLN3 function as a complex to regulate endolysosome function
Authors: Yasa Seda , Sauvageau Etienne , Modica Graziana , Lefrancois Stephane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCLN5 is a soluble endolysosomal protein whose function is poorly understood. Mutations in this protein cause a rare neurodegenerative disease, Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. We previously found that depletion of CLN5 leads to dysfunctional retromer, resulting in the degradation of the lysosomal sorting receptor, sortilin. However, how a soluble lysosomal protein can modulate the function of a cytosolic protein, retromer, is not known. In this work, we show that deletion of CLN5 not only results in retromer dysfunction, but also in impaired endolysosome fusion events. This results in delayed degradation of endocytic proteins and in defective autophagy. CLN5 modulates these various pathways by regulating downstream interactions between CLN3, an endolysosomal integral membrane protein whose mutations also result in Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, Rab7A, and a subset of Rab7A effectors. Our data supports a model where CLN3 and CLN5 function as an endolysosome complex regulating various functions.Summary StatementWe have previously demonstrated that CLN3 is required for efficient endosome-to-trans Golgi Network (TGN) trafficking of sortilin by regulating retromer function. In this work, we show that CLN5, which interacts with CLN3, regulates retromer function by modulating key interactions between CLN3, Rab7A, retromer, and sortilin. Therefore, CLN3 and CLN5 serve as endosomal switch regulating the itinerary of the lysosomal sorting receptors.
Consequences of ignoring variable and spatially-autocorrelated detection probability in spatial capture-recapture
Authors: Moqanaki Ehsan M. , Milleret Cyril , Tourani Mahdieh , Dupont Pierre , Bischof Richard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContextSpatial capture-recapture (SCR) models are increasingly popular for analyzing wildlife monitoring data. SCR can account for spatial heterogeneity in detection that arises from individual space use (detection kernel), variation in the sampling process, and the distribution of individuals (density). However, unexplained and unmodeled spatial heterogeneity in detectability may remain due to cryptic factors, intrinsic and extrinsic to the study system.ObjectivesWe identify how the magnitude and configuration of unmodeled, spatially variable detection probability influence SCR parameter estimates.MethodsWe simulated realistic SCR data with spatially variable and autocorrelated detection probability. We then fitted a single-session SCR model ignoring this variation to the simulated data and assessed the impact of model misspecification on inferences.ResultsHighly autocorrelated spatial heterogeneity in detection probability (Moran’sI= 0.85 - 0.96), modulated by the magnitude of that variation, can lead to pronounced negative bias (up to 75%), reduction in precision (249%), and decreasing coverage probability of the 95% credible intervals associated with abundance estimates to 0. Conversely, at low levels of spatial autocorrelation (median Moran’sI= 0), even severe unmodeled heterogeneity in detection probability did not lead to pronounced bias and only caused slight reductions in precision and coverage of abundance estimates.ConclusionsUnknown and unmodeled variation in detection probability is liable to be the norm, rather than the exception, in SCR studies. We encourage practitioners to consider the impact that spatial autocorrelation in detectability has on their inferences and urge the development of SCR methods that can take structured unknown or partially unknown spatial variability in detection probability into account.
Microclimate structures communities, predation and herbivory in the High Arctic
Authors: Kankaanpää Tuomas , Abrego Nerea , Vesterinen Eero , Roslin Tomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

In a warming world, changes in climate may result in species‐level responses as well as changes in community structure through knock‐on effects on ecological interactions such as predation and herbivory. Yet, the links between these responses at different levels are still inadequately understood. Assessing how microclimatic conditions affect each of them at local scales provides information essential for understanding the consequences of macroclimatic changes projected in the future.

Focusing on the rapidly changing High Arctic, we examine how a community based on a common resource species (avens, Dryas spp.), a specialist insect herbivore (Sympistis zetterstedtii) and natural enemies of lepidopteran herbivores (parasitoids) varies along a multidimensional microclimatic gradient. We ask (a) how parasitoid community composition varies with local abiotic conditions, (b) how the community‐level response of parasitoids is linked to species‐specific traits (koino‐ or idiobiont life cycle strategy and phenology) and (c) whether the effects of varying abiotic conditions extend to interaction outcomes (parasitism rates on the focal herbivore and realized herbivory rates).

We recorded the local communities of parasitoids, herbivory rates on Dryas flowers and parasitism rates in Sympistis larvae at 20 sites along a mountain slope. For linking community‐level responses to microclimatic conditions with parasitoid traits, we used joint species distribution modelling. We then assessed whether the same abiotic variables also affect parasitism and herbivory rates, by applying generalized linear and additive mixed models.

We find that parasitism strategy and phenology explain local variation in parasitoid community structure. Parasitoids with a koinobiont strategy preferred high‐elevation sites with higher summer temperatures or sites with earlier snowmelt and lower humidity. Species of earlier phenology occurred with higher incidence at sites with cooler summer temperatures or later snowmelt. Microclimatic effects also extend to parasitism and herbivory, with an increase in the parasitism rates of the main herbivore S. zetterstedtii with higher temperature and lower humidity, and a matching increase in herbivory rates.

Our results show that microclimatic variation is a strong driver of local community structure, species interactions and interaction outcomes in Arctic ecosystems. In view of ongoing climate change, these results predict that macroclimatic changes will profoundly affect arctic communities.
Endodontic management of a patient with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: A case report
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ali , Bulut Ali Can , Hancerliogullari Dilek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa is a congenital genetic disease that causes blistering and erosion of the skin and mucosa. The main known forms include simple, junction, dystrophic and mixed subtypes. This case report presents the endodontic management and 1‐year follow‐up of a 27‐year‐old female patient with epidermolysis bullosa who was referred to the Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, Turkey. An extraoral examination showed that the patient had multiple scars and blisters. The intraoral examination revealed ankyloglossia, microstomia, shallow buccal and vestibular sulci, enamel hypoplasia, gingival inflammation, mouth ulcers, symptomatic and asymptomatic deep caries, a tooth with an apical lesion and a tooth with pulpitis. The dental treatment was divided into four stages: (i) oral hygiene motivation and elimination of gingival bleeding, (ii) restorative and/or endodontic procedures, (iii) extractions and prosthetic treatments and (iv) recall appointments. A 1‐year follow‐up radiographic examination of the periapical status of the root canal treatments was clear.
Impact of revascularization in patients with post‐infarction left ventricular aneurysm and ventricular tachyarrhythmia
Authors: Ning Xiaohui , Yang Zihe , Ye Xuerui , Si Yanhua , Wang Fang , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Shu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundVentricular arrhythmia is a leading cause of cardiac death among patients with post‐infarction left ventricular aneurysm (PI‐LVA). The effect of coronary revascularization in PI‐LVA patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmia remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the impact of revascularization therapy on clinical outcomes in these patients.MethodsA total of 238 PI‐LVA patients were enrolled, and 59 patients were presented with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Patients were classified into 4 groups by treatment strategies (medical or revascularization) and the presence of VT/VF: group 1 (n = 57): VT/VF− and revascularization−; group 2 (n = 122): VT/VF− and revascularization+; group 3 (n = 34): VT/VF+ and revascularization+; and group 4 (n = 25): VT/VF+ and revascularization‐. The clinical outcomes were compared, and the primary endpoint was cardiac death or heart transplantation.ResultsPatients were followed up for 45 ± 16 months, and 41 patients (17.2%) reached the primary endpoint. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that in VT/VF− patients, revascularization associated with higher cardiac survival compared with medical therapy (log‐rank p = .002), but in VT/VF+ patients, revascularization did not predict better cardiac outcome (log‐rank p = .901). Cox regression analysis revealed PET‐EF (HR 4.41, 95% CI: 1.72–11.36, p = .002) and moderate/severe mitral regurgitation (HR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.02–5.30, p = .046) as independent predictors of adverse cardiac outcome in patients with VT/VF.ConclusionPI‐LVA patients with VT/VF are at high risk of adverse cardiac outcome, and coronary revascularization does not mitigate this risk, although revascularization was associated with higher cardiac survival in PI‐LVA patients without VT/VF.
Contribution of Executive Functions to Learning Sequential Actions in Young Children
Authors: Yanaoka Kaichi , Saito Satoru 
Published: December 2020

This study examined whether executive functions impact how flexibly children represent task context in performing repeated sequential actions. Japanese children in Experiments 1 (N = 52; 3–6 years) and 2 (N = 50, 4–6 years) performed sequential actions repeatedly; one group received reminders. Experiment 1 indicated that reminders promote flexible changes in contextual representations. Experiment 2 observed such effects in younger children and showed executive functions were associated with the flexible representation of task context. Reminders did not perfectly compensate for the role of executive functions but wiped out individual differences in executive functions that contribute to children’s acquisition of routines. Therefore, setting goals before context‐dependent actions is necessary, but not sufficient, to modulate contextual representations in routines.
A mortality risk score for septuagenarians undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation
Authors: Diaz‐Castrillon Carlos E. , Seese Laura , Hong Yeahwa , Dufendach Keith , Hickey Gavin , Sultan Ibrahim , Kilic Arman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith septuagenarians undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) more frequently, we aimed to develop a risk score for 1‐year mortality in this population.MethodsSeptuagenarian OHT recipients were identified from the UNOS registry between 1987 and 2018. The primary outcome was 1‐year post‐OHT mortality. Patients were randomly divided into derivation and validation cohorts. Associated covariates were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. A risk score was created using the magnitudes of the odds ratios from the derivation cohort, and its 1‐year post‐OHT mortality prediction capacity was tested in the validation cohort.ResultsA total of 1156 septuagenarians were included, and they were randomly divided into derivation (66.7%, n = 771) and validation (33.3%, n = 385) cohorts. An 11‐point risk score incorporating 4 variables was created, which included mechanical ventilation, serum bilirubin, serum creatinine, and donor age. The predicted 1‐year mortality ranged from 4.2% (0 points) to 48.1% (11‐points) (p < .001). After cross‐validation, the c‐index was 0.67 with a Brier score of 0.10. Risk scores above 3 points portended a survival disadvantage at 1‐year follow‐up (p < .001).ConclusionsThis 11‐point risk score for septuagenarians is predictive of mortality within 1‐year of OHT and has potential utilization in improving recipient evaluation and selection of elderly patients.
Implementation of pre‐captured videos for remote diagnosis of cervical cytology specimens
Authors: Archondakis Stavros , Roma Maria , Kaladelfou Evropi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of implementing short videos captured by static telecytological applications for remote evaluation of cervical smears prepared by means of liquid‐based cytology.MethodsThe study was performed on representative short videos captured from a total of 404 cervical smears (benign, 135; atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 92; low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 62; high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 87; squamous cell carcinoma, 26; adenocarcinoma, 2) that were sent via file transfer protocol to password‐protected accounts for remote review by three independent cytopathologists. In addition to diagnosis, reviewers commented on the overall digital video quality. Contributors’ and reviewers’ diagnoses were collected, recorded, and statistically evaluated.ResultsStatistical evaluation detected no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between cytological diagnoses based on short videos versus conventional slides. The overall interobserver agreement ranged from substantial to almost perfect with κ values of 0.74‐0.91.ConclusionsShort videos produced by static telecytology applications can be used as an alternative method for telecytological diagnosis of cervical smears, particularly for quality control purposes. It is a prompt and valid method for quality assessment and proficiency testing and can be integrated into the daily workflow. Short pre‐captured videos of cervical smears can be used for rapid and accurate diagnosis, diminishing turnaround times and improving small cytology departments’ quality indices. They can also be used for archiving, teleconsultation, and second opinion purposes, improving the performance of already existing static telecytology stations.
Diagnosis of Double‐chambered Left Ventricle of Superior–inferior Type by Echocardiography: A Retrospective Study of 9 Subjects across Two Heart Centers
Authors: Bao Sheng‐Fang , Wu Li‐Jun , Zhang Yu‐Qi , Hong Wen‐Jing , Chen Li‐Jun , Wang Qian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDouble‐chambered left ventricle (DCLV) is extremely rare. Challenges remain in accurate diagnosis of DCLV by echocardiography, because it is easily confused with left ventricular diverticulum, left ventricular aneurysm, ventricular septal defect, etc. Herein, we reviewed echocardiographic characteristics of DCLV and evaluated the accuracy of echocardiographic diagnosis.MethodsClinical and echocardiographical databases of two heart centers were reviewed. Nine children with DCLV of superior–inferior arrangement were studied retrospectively.ResultsNormal elliptical geometry of LV cavity is preserved in DCLV. Fibromuscluar bundles separate LV into the main chamber and the accessory chamber. The associated malformations included ventricular septal defects, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, and left ventricular noncompaction in our study. Eight of nine subjects with DCLV of superior–inferior arrangement were diagnosed correctly by initial echocardiographic examination, and one case was mistaken as left ventricular diverticulum.ConclusionsDouble‐chambered left ventricle could be diagnosed and followed up by echocardiography. The morphological classification is a simplified way to improve diagnostic accuracy.
ReMind, a smartphone application for psychotic relapse prediction: A longitudinal study protocol
Authors: Hui Christy Lai‐Ming , Lam Bertha Sze‐Ting , Wong Andreas Kar‐Hin , Tao Tiffany Junchen , Ho Elise Chun‐Ning , Suen Yi‐Nam , Lee Edwin Ho‐Ming , Chan Sherry Kit‐Wa , Chang Wing‐Chung , Chong Catherine Shiu‐Yin , Siu Clara Man‐Wah , Lo William Tak‐Lam , Chen Eric Yu‐Hai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsychotic disorders are associated with a high rate of relapse. In addition to medication non‐adherence, some psychosocial factors have been found to be predictive of relapse (e.g., poor premorbid adjustment, high expressed emotion and substance misuse). Impairments in cognitive functions including general memory functioning, set shifting, attention, processing speed and working memory have also been indicative of a subsequent psychotic episode. As clinical appointments do not always allow for timely or accurate detection of these early warning signs, the ReMind app is developed to explore potential relapse predictors and enhance the process of relapse monitoring.AimThe ReMind app aims (1) to assess whether verbal or visual working memory predicts psychotic relapse in 1 year and (2) to determine whether social factors such as stressful life events, level of expressed emotion and medication adherence also predict relapse in 1 year.MethodsThis is a one‐year prospective follow‐up study involving 176 remitted patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or non‐affective psychoses. Monthly relapse predictor assessments will be conducted via ReMind throughout the one‐year study duration. These assessments include neurocognitive tasks and psychosocial questionnaires.ResultsRecruitment began in August 2017 and is still ongoing. Preliminary user feedback suggested an overall positive experience with the app.ConclusionThe ReMind app presents a step forward to the identification and sensitive detection of reliable psychosis relapse predictors. With its anticipated success, it may offer an alternative means of monitoring relapse for the Chinese‐speaking population in the future.
Le français non‐binaire: Linguistic forms used by non‐binary speakers of French
Authors: Knisely Kris Aric 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn response to shifting sociocultural constructions of gender and the emerging visibility of non‐binary subject positions, grammatically binary linguistic systems, such as French, are being challenged, subverted, and adapted. This paper describes and analyzes formal, structural, and ideological aspects of how contemporary French speakers are confronting and innovating beyond the gender binary, highlighting the lack of scholarly attention and increase in public salience afforded to these issues. Survey data from 174 adult speakers of French are used to outline the forms used by non‐binary Francophones, the degree of form variance, and the self‐reported comprehensibility ratings of these forms. The findings establish consistent trends in the non‐binary language forms used and their comprehensibility, while highlighting the importance of variance for individual agency in non‐binary Francophone communities. These findings are foundational to a consideration of the of teaching non‐binary forms in foreign language classrooms and curricula for inclusivity and competence development.