Abstract LB-121: The novel ATR inhibitor M4344 and CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 overcome chemoresistance in SLFN11-negative cells in combination treatment with DNA-damaging agents
Authors: Jo Ukhyun , Murai Yasuhisa , Murai Junko , Huang Shar-yin N , Chakka Sirisha , Chen Lu , Cheng Ken , Pommier Yves 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Precision medicine is an unmet need for DNA-damaging agents with potentially severe side effects. Loss of Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) expression is frequently detected in ~50% cancer cell lines of the NCI, the Broad Institute cancer cell line panel (CCLE), and the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer project (GDSC). Deficiency of SLFN11 expression causes chemoresistance to a broad range of DNA-damaging agents, including topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors, topoisomerase II (TOP2) inhibitors, alkylating agents, DNA synthesis inhibitors and PARP inhibitors. Moreover, gene silencing of SLFN11 is observed in small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenograft models with acquired drug resistance. To identify synthetic lethal therapeutic targets to overcome chemoresistance in SLFN11 deficient cells, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen with the human druggable genome siRNA library by using camptothecin (CPT), a TOP1 inhibitor, in SLFN11 wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) prostate cancer DU145 cells. Gene Ontology analysis identified the inhibition of ATR-mediated DNA repair pathway genes (ATR, CHK1, BRCA2 and RPA1) is synergistic with CPT in SLFN11 KO cells, whereas inhibition of the RNA metabolism-related genes (POLR2, PSMD3, POLR2F and PSMD11) had higher combination effects in SLFN11 WT cells. The synergistic effects by depletion of ATR-mediated DNA repair pathway in SLFN11 KO cells were validated by additional siRNAs-mediated cell viability assays. To determine whether inhibition of ATR-mediated pathway can be applied clinically, we tested the new clinical ATR (M4344) and CHK1 (SRA737) inhibitors. Treatment with non-toxic-doses of M4344 and SRA737 reversed drug resistance of the SLFN11 KO cells to TOP1 inhibitors [CPT, and clinically used topotecan and LMP400 (indotecan)]. Additionally, the same synergistic effects by combination of the ATR/CHK1inhibitors and CPT were detected in isogenic CCRF-CEM SLFN11 WT and KO leukemic lymphoblasts cells and non-isogenic DMS114 and H446 small cell lung cancer cells. We also confirmed synergy with ATR/CHK1 inhibitors in combination of other clinical DNA-damaging agents (TOP2 inhibitor: etoposide, alkylating agent: cisplatin, and PARP inhibitor: talazoparib). Molecular changes induced by the combination treatment were examined in the cell cycle by assessing DAPI and EdU incorporation, cell death with Annexin V, and DNA damage response by confocal microscopy with M4344 and CPT. Co-treatment with ATR inhibitor and CPT resulted in G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell death, and formation of micronuclei and fragmented nuclei in SLFN11 KO cells, compared with SLFN11 WT cells. Collectively, our results provide a new therapeutic rationale for the clinical development of combination treatments of chemotherapeutic DNA-targeted agents with ATR/CHK1 inhibitors based on SLFN11 status.
Citation Format: Ukhyun Jo, Yasuhisa Murai, Junko Murai, Shar-yin N Huang, Sirisha Chakka, Lu Chen, Ken Cheng, Yves Pommier. The novel ATR inhibitor M4344 and CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 overcome chemoresistance in SLFN11-negative cells in combination treatment with DNA-damaging agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-121.