bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adhesion of a Thin Soft Matter Layer: The Role of Surface Tension
Authors: Popov Valentin L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider an adhesive contact between a thin soft layer on a rigid substrate and a rigid cylindrical indenter (“line contact”) taking the surface tension of the layer into account. First, it is shown that the boundary condition for the surface outside the contact area is given by the constant contact angle—as in the case of fluids in contact with solid surfaces. In the approximation of thin layer and under usual assumptions of small indentation and small inclination angles of the surface, the problem is solved analytically. In the case of a non-adhesive contact, surface tension makes the contact stiffer (at the given indentation depth, the contact half-width becomes smaller and the indentation force larger). In the case of adhesive contact, the influence of surface tension seems to be more complicated: For a flat-ended punch, it increases with increasing the surface tension, while for a wedge, it decreases. Thus, the influence of the surface tension on the adhesion force seems to be dependent on the particular geometry of the contacting bodies.
Theoretical Study of Physico-mechanical Response of Permeable Fluid-Saturated Materials Under Complex Loading Based on the Hybrid Cellular Automaton Method
Authors: Dimaki Andrey V. , Shilko Evgeny V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe give a brief description of the results obtained by Prof. Sergey G. Psakhie and his colleagues in the field of theoretical studies of mechanical response, including fracture, of permeable fluid-saturated materials. Such materials represent complex systems of interacting solid and liquid phases. Mechanical response of such a medium is determined by processes taking place in each phase as well as their interaction. This raised a need of developing a new theoretical approach of simulation of such media—the method of hybrid cellular automaton that allowed describing stress-strain fields in solid skeleton, transfer of a fluid in crack-pore volume and influence of fluid pressure on the stress state of the solid phase. The new method allowed theoretical estimation of strength of liquid-filled permeable geomaterials under complex loading conditions. Governing parameters controlling strength of samples under uniaxial loading and shear in confined conditions were identified.
Seeing What Lies in Front of Your Eyes: Understanding and Insight in Teaching and Research
Authors: Popova Elena , Popov Valentin L. , Filippov Alexander E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInthepresent paper, we considered the phenomena of understanding and discoveries (as a sort of “social understanding”) and found that the empirical properties of these phenomena (the critical character and emerging of a new property) have much in common with first-order phase transitions. From this point of view, we discuss both the process of understanding and discoveries and the reasons impeding “seeing what lies in front of our eyes”. In our opinion, these ideas can be further studied on the same phenomenological basis, without detailed understanding of the underlying neuronal mechanisms.
Abstract Methods on Mesoscopic Scales of Friction
Authors: Ostermeyer Georg-Peter , Krumm Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, research has increasingly focused on the complex processes involved in friction contacts. Especially in tribological high-loaded contacts, characterized by the presence of contact modifying wear particles, macroscopic friction shows a surprisingly high dynamic complexity on many temporal and local scales. There are dominant effects on mesoscopic scales such as the geometric self-organization structures of the wear dust in the contact, which can significantly change the local contact surfaces. For the description and simulation of these phenomena, abstract methods have shown their effectiveness. One class of methods are cellular automata, both volume- and particle-based. The latter are in particular the Movable Cellular Automata developed by Sergey Psakhie. The scales of these discrete methods are freely selectable in wide ranges between the macro world and the atomic scale. Nevertheless, they provide reliable information on mesoscopic balances in the boundary layer and thus also on the macroscopic behavior of the tribocontact. The success of these methods is shown by the example of an automotive brake. The question of the relative insensitivity of the scales of these mesoscopic methods is examined in detail.
The Impact of the Maternal Sepsis Intervention
Authors: Ackers Louise , Ackers-Johnson Gavin , Welsh Joanne , Kibombo Daniel , Opio Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents data on maternal mortality in Uganda and the contribution that sepsis makes to mortality. Against this backdrop, it identifies key outcomes of the intervention including major improvements in maternal mortality and reductions in the length of patient stays, readmission rates and hospital expenditure.
Infection Prevention Control (IPC) and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
Authors: Ackers Louise , Ackers-Johnson Gavin , Welsh Joanne , Kibombo Daniel , Opio Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter outlines a key component of improved AMR; namely infection prevention control (IPC). It addresses some of the issues most commonly associated with IPC including hand hygiene, waste disposal and infrastructure. It then addresses wound management as an Infection Control issue. The emergence of wound management as a central focus in the Maternal Sepsis Intervention proved pivotal in shaping the pathway to antimicrobial stewardship.
Conclusions: Capturing, Sustaining, Spreading and Researching Change
Authors: Ackers Louise , Ackers-Johnson Gavin , Welsh Joanne , Kibombo Daniel , Opio Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter summarises the overall impacts of the Maternal Sepsis Intervention reflecting on the processes of capturing, sustaining and spreading best practice in antimicrobial stewardship. It argues that sustainability is achievable when an intervention reduces hospital costs and, in such cases, the responsibility or sustainability rests with LMIC institutions. Key barriers to sustainability include supply chain weaknesses and human resource limitations. The chapter recommends the use of Public–Private Partnerships to help to overcome these barriers.
Building bases of loop integrands
Authors: Bourjaily Jacob L. , Herrmann Enrico , Langer Cameron , Trnka Jaroslav 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We describe a systematic approach to the construction of loop-integrand bases at arbitrary loop-order, sufficient for the representation of general quantum field theories. We provide a graph-theoretic definition of ‘power-counting’ for multi-loop integrands beyond the planar limit, and show how this can be used to organize bases according to ultraviolet behavior. This allows amplitude integrands to be constructed iteratively. We illustrate these ideas with concrete applications. In particular, we describe complete integrand bases at two loops sufficient to represent arbitrary-multiplicity amplitudes in four (or fewer) dimensions in any massless quantum field theory with the ultraviolet behavior of the Standard Model or better. We also comment on possible extensions of our framework to arbitrary (including regulated) numbers of dimensions, and to theories with arbitrary mass spectra and charges. At three loops, we describe a basis sufficient to capture all ‘leading-(transcendental-)weight’ contributions of any four-dimensional quantum theory; for maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, this basis should be sufficient to represent all scattering amplitude integrands in the theory — for generic helicities and arbitrary multiplicity.
A novel algorithm for nested summation and hypergeometric expansions
Authors: McLeod Andrew J. , Munch Henrik Jessen , Papathanasiou Georgios , von Hippel Matt 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider a class of sums over products of Z-sums whose arguments differ by a symbolic integer. Such sums appear, for instance, in the expansion of Gauss hypergeometric functions around integer indices that depend on a symbolic parameter. We present a telescopic algorithm for efficiently converting these sums into generalized polylogarithms, Z-sums, and cyclotomic harmonic sums for generic values of this parameter. This algorithm is illustrated by computing the double pentaladder integrals through ten loops, and a family of massive self-energy diagrams through $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\epsilon}^6\right) $$
O

ϵ
6

in dimensional regularization. We also outline the general telescopic strategy of this algorithm, which we anticipate can be applied to other classes of sums.
T2-Pseudonormalization and Microstructural Characterization in Advanced Stages of Late-infantile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Martin Pascal , Hagberg Gisela E. , Schultz Thomas , Harzer Klaus , Klose Uwe , Bender Benjamin , Nägele Thomas , Scheffler Klaus , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Groeschel Samuel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
T2-weighted signal hyperintensities in white matter (WM) are a diagnostic finding in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). In our systematic investigation of the evolution of T2-hyperintensities in patients with the late-infantile form, we describe and characterize T2-pseudonormalization in the advanced stage of the natural disease course.

Methods
The volume of T2-hyperintensities was quantified in 34 MRIs of 27 children with late-infantile MLD (median age 2.25 years, range 0.5–5.2 years). In three children with the most advanced clinical course (age >4 years) and for whom the T2-pseudonormalization was the most pronounced, WM microstructure was investigated using a multimodal MRI protocol, including diffusion-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy (MRS), myelin water fraction (MWF), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), T1-mapping and quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Results
T2-hyperintensities in cerebral WM returned to normal in large areas of 3 patients in the advanced disease stage. Multimodal assessment of WM microstructure in areas with T2-pseudonormalization revealed highly decreased values for NAA, neurite density, isotropic water, mean and radial kurtosis, MWF and MTR, as well as increased radial diffusivity.

Conclusion
In late-infantile MLD patients, we found T2-pseudonormalization in WM tissue with highly abnormal microstructure characterizing the most advanced disease stage. Pathological hallmarks might be a loss of myelin, but also neuronal loss as well as increased tissue density due to gliosis and accumulated storage material. These results suggest that a multimodal MRI protocol using more specific microstructural parameters than T2-weighted sequences should be used when evaluating the effect of treatment trials in MLD.
Arrhythmias related to antipsychotics and antidepressants: an analysis of the summaries of product characteristics of original products approved in Germany
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed , Abdel-kahaar Emaad , Gahr Maximilian , Connemann Bernhard J. , Denkinger Michael , Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeMost psychiatric drugs, such as antidepressants (AD) and antipsychotics (AP), may cause cardiac adverse events (CAE). We used summaries of product characteristics (SmPC) for assessing the likelihood of AD and AP to cause CAE.MethodsWe identified all original medicinal products (OMP) of AD and AP approved in Germany. We searched for their SmPCs using the online services of PharmaNet.Bund, Gelbe liste®, Rote Liste®, Fachinfo-Service®, and via manufacturer contact. We extracted frequencies of reported CAE (QT prolongation, Torsade de Pointes tachycardia, and ventricular arrhythmia) and performed a risk assessment.ResultsWe obtained the SmPCs of 24 AD and 26 AP identified as OMP. Comparably high reported frequencies regarding QT prolongation were found for Invega® (paliperidone), Serdolect® (sertindole) (≥ 1/100 and < 1/10), and Zoloft® (sertraline) (≥ 1/10.000 and < 1/1000); regarding Torsade de Pointes tachycardia were found for Serdolect® (≥ 1/1000 to < 1/100), Zoloft®, and Trevilor® (venlafaxine) (≥ 1/10.000 and < 1/1000); regarding ventricular tachycardia for Solian® (amisulpride), Xomolix® (droperidol), Zyprexa® (olanzapine), and Trevilor® (≥ 1/10.000 and < 1/1000).ConclusionThe risk and frequency of CAE, as reported in the SmPCs, varied significantly among substances and between groups. There are more reports for AP than AD. The AP with the most frequently reported CAE (QT prolongation and Torsade de Pointes tachycardia) was Serdolect®; for AD, Zoloft® (QT prolongation, Torsade de Pointes tachycardia) and Trevilor® (Torsade de Pointes tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia) carried a higher cardiac risk.
Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Sleeve Lobectomy for Centrally Located Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Han‐Yu , Qiu Xiao‐Ming , Zhu Da‐Xing , Tang Xiaojun , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhether video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) sleeve lobectomy could be an alternative to traditional thoracotomy sleeve lobectomy in treating centrally located non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted the first meta‐analysis to compare the effects of VATS sleeve lobectomy with thoracotomy sleeve lobectomy.MethodsWe systematically searched relevant studies from Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science on May 12, 2020. Data for analysis included short‐term outcomes (blood loss, lymph node dissected, operation time, hospital stay, complications) and long‐term outcomes (3‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates). We calculated the weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous data and risk ratio (RR) for pooling categorical data.ResultsWe finally included 5 retrospective cohort study consisting of 436 patients. VATS sleeve lobectomy yielded significantly less blood loss (WMD =  −37.83; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = [−58.56, −17.11]; P < 0.001) than thoracotomy sleeve lobectomy and comparable total number of dissected lymph node to thoracotomy sleeve lobectomy (WMD =  − 0.07; 95%CI = [−1.14, 0.99]; P = 0.89). However, VATS sleeve lobectomy consumed significantly more operation time than thoracotomy sleeve lobectomy (WMD = 49.00; 95%CI = [14.67, 83.34]; P = 0.005). VATS sleeve lobectomy yielded significantly less postoperative hospital stay time than thoracotomy sleeve lobectomy (WMD =   −1.68; 95%CI = [−2.98, −0.39]; P = 0.011) and comparable postoperative complication rate to thoracotomy sleeve lobectomy (RR = 0.84; 95%CI = [0.49, 1.44]; P = 0.52). Moreover, VATS sleeve lobectomy yielded comparable 3‐year OS (RR = 1.08; 95%CI = [0.95, 1.22]; P = 0.23) and PFS (RR = 1.15; 95%CI = [0.96, 1.37]; P = 0.13) rates to thoracotomy sleeve lobectomy. No significant heterogeneities were observed.ConclusionsVATS sleeve lobectomy yielded less surgical trauma than thoracotomy sleeve lobectomy and improved postoperative recovery without compromising oncological prognosis. Even though VATS sleeve lobectomy may consume more operation time, it could be recommended as an alternative to thoracotomy sleeve lobectomy for treating centrally located NSCLC in carefully selected cases.
Bedeutung von Komorbiditäten bei der idiopathischen Lungenfibrose
Authors: Polke Markus , Kreuter Michael 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungKomorbiditäten der idiopathischen Lungenfibrose (IPF) sind sehr häufig und zumeist mit einer verschlechterten Lebensqualität und Prognose der Patienten verbunden. Vor allem pulmonale Hypertonie, chronische obstruktive Lungenerkrankung/Lungenemphysem, Lungenkarzinom und die koronare Herzerkrankung sind prognostisch relevant. Während Mikroaspirationen zwar als möglicher Auslöser und Progressionsfaktor einer IPF diskutiert werden, ist die Refluxerkrankung jedoch mit einer besseren Prognose assoziiert. Die Ursachen hierfür sind noch unklar, möglicherweise handelt es sich um einen „lead time bias“ oder einen Therapieeffekt des Refluxes; allerdings spricht die aktuelle Datenlage gegen einen solchen Zusammenhang für antazide Medikamente. Das Risiko ein Lungenkarzinom zu entwickeln, ist bei IPF signifikant höher im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung und die zweithäufigste respiratorische Todesursache bei der IPF. Eine Therapie des nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms (NSCLC) ist jedoch nur im frühen Stadium der IPF mit einem verbesserten Outcome assoziiert, in anderen Fällen allerdings mit einem sehr hohen periinterventionellen Risiko. Bisherige Daten suggerieren, dass ein Screening auf Komorbiditäten und deren konsequente Therapie zu einer verbesserten Lebensqualität und Prognose der chronisch erkrankten IPF-Patienten führen könnten.
Patients’ quality of life improves after surgical intervention of stage III medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Moll Stefan , Mueller Steffen , Meier Johannes K. , Reichert Torsten E. , Ettl Tobias , Klingelhöffer Christoph 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The treatment of advanced stages of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) remains challenging. In order to improve decision making concerning the therapy, we examined the change of patients’ quality of life (QoL) after surgical treatment of MRONJ stage III.

Method
The primary outcome variable was patients’ QoL. It was preoperative (T0), 6 weeks postoperative (T1) and 6 months postoperative (T2) assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL-H&N35 (EORTC QoL-H&N35) and the Oral Health Impact Factor-G14 (OHIP-G14) questionnaire in a prospective cohort study. Other variables included location, age, sex, risk factors, and recurrence. Descriptive statistics and general multivariate regression models were calculated.

Results
Forty-three patients with stage III MRONJ underwent surgery. OHIP-G14 scores decreased (improvement) statistically significant (p = .001) by 52.02% (T0-T1) and 56.45% (T1–T2). EORTC QoL-H&N35 showed statistical improvement for “swallowing” (p = .007), “opening mouth” (p = .045), “painkiller” (.005), “weight loss” (.004), “pain” (p = .001), “trouble with social eating” (p = .001), “trouble with social contact” (p = .001), and “teeth” (p = .001). Patients who developed a recurrence did not show any significant higher (worse) scores in OHIP G14 or EORTC QoL-H&N35 scores compared with patients without recurrence. Twenty-nine out of 36 patients showed full mucosal healing (T2). For patients with no full mucosal healing, a downgrade to stage I was achieved.

Conclusion
In terms of QoL patients with stage III MRONJ do benefit from surgical treatment. The incident of a recurrence seems to have no significant impact on patients QoL.
Hernia width explains differences in outcomes between primary and incisional hernias: a prospective cohort study of 9159 patients
Authors:   The Hernia-Club Members, Verstoep L. , de Smet G. H. J. , Sneiders D. , Kroese L. F. , Kleinrensink G.-J. , Lange J. F. , Gillion J.-F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Data on primary (PH) and incisional hernias (IH) are often pooled, even though several studies have illustrated that these are different entities with worse outcomes for IHs. The aim of this study is to validate previous research comparing PHs and IHs and to examine whether hernia width is an important contributor to the differences between these hernia types.

Methods
A registry-based, prospective cohort study was performed, utilizing the French Hernia Club database. All patients undergoing PH or IH repair between September 8th 2011 and May 22nd 2019 were included. Baseline, hernia and surgical characteristics, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Outcomes were analyzed per width category (≤ 2 cm, 3–4 cm, 5–10 cm and > 10 cm).

Results
A total of 9159 patients were included, of whom 4965 (54%) had PH and 4194 (46%) had IH. PHs and IHs differed significantly in 12/15 baseline characteristics, 9/10 hernia and surgical characteristics, and all outcomes. Overall, complications and re-interventions were more common in patients with IH. After correcting for width, the differences between PH and IH were no longer significant, except for medical complications, which were more common after IH repair compared to PH.

Conclusion
After correcting for hernia width, most outcomes do not significantly differ between PH and IH, indicating that not hernia type, but hernia width is an important factor contributing to the differences between PH and IH.
Attribute-based encryption and sticky policies for data access control in a smart home scenario: a comparison on networked smart object middleware
Authors: Sicari Sabrina , Rizzardi Alessandra , Dini Gianluca , Perazzo Pericle , La Manna Michele , Coen-Porisini Alberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRegulating the access to the Internet of Things (IoT) network’s resources is a complex-prone task, which requires to pay a great attention on how policies are defined, shared, and enforced. The present paper considers the specific context of a smart home, which represents one of the main IoT application domains, and it focuses on two solutions proposed in the literature to cope with the aforementioned issues. On the one side, approaches based on attribute-based encryption (ABE) allow one to encrypt data for multiple recipients, in such a way that only those recipients whose attributes satisfy a given access policy can decrypt afterward. ABE guarantees a high level of customization due to the variety of attributes which can be defined, and it is also flexible enough to be adapted to different kinds of scenarios. On the other side, approaches based on sticky policies allow to attach an access policy directly to the data itself, and to employ a trusted authority to evaluate and enforce the policy itself. Sticky policies also guarantee a highly distributed and customizable enforcement of access control rules. In this paper, we compare the advantages and the drawbacks in terms of performance and robustness of such two techniques by means of their integration within the prototype of an IoT middleware, named networked smart object. Hence, the effectiveness of the presented solutions is validated by means of a real test-bed in the smart home scenario, in terms of storage occupancy, CPU load, and data retrieval delay. The final goal is to reveal the best approach to be used depending on the application’s requirements.