bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Fluorescence Quenching Approach for Determination of Valsartan in Certain Tablets and Spiked Biological Fluids
Authors: Abd Ali Layth I. 
Published: December 2020

A new, simple, selective, sensitive, fast, economical, and reliable fluorescence quenching method for the quantitation of valsartan was investigated using basic fuchsin act as a fluorometric dye. The method was depended on the detection quenching influence of valsartan on the fluorescence intensity of basic fuchsin and the reaction between valsartan and basic fuchsin in a McIlvaine buffer medium at pH = 6 to yield a new basic fuchsin–valsartan non-fluorescent complex. The excitation and emission of basic fuchsin fluorescence signal were identified at 535 and 728 nm, respectively. A fluorescence quenching value (ΔF) displayed a very good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9992) with valsartan concentration ranging from 0.003 to 3 μg/mL, a detection limit as low as 0.0009 μg/mL with a high precision and accuracy (RSD% <3). Significantly, no interference effect was found due to the presence of other ingredients commonly found in medical formulations. The acquired data were statistically compared with those acquired from reported chromatographic method and were observed to be in excellent agreement at a 95% confidence level; the planned fluorescence quenching procedure was subsequently utilized to detected the concentration of valsartan in spiked biological fluids and commercial medical tablets.
Improving Toddlers’ Healthy Eating Habits and Self-regulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nix Robert L. , Francis Lori A. , Feinberg Mark E. , Gill Sukhdeep , Jones Damon E. , Hostetler Michelle L. , Stifter Cynthia A. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:
In this study, we tested whether Recipe 4 Success, a preventive intervention featuring structured food preparation lessons, was successful in improving the following 4 protective factors related to overweight and obesity among families living in poverty: toddlers’ healthy eating habits, toddlers’ self-regulation, parents’ responsive feeding practices, and parents’ sensitive scaffolding.

METHODS:
This randomized controlled trial was open to families enrolled in Early Head Start home visits and included 73 parents and their toddlers aged 18 to 36 months. Multimethod assessments were conducted at baseline and posttreatment.

RESULTS:
Compared with toddlers in usual practice Early Head Start, toddlers in Recipe 4 Success consumed healthier meals and snacks (d = 0.57; P &lt; .03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–1.06) and displayed better self-regulation (d = 0.95; P &lt; .001; 95% CI: 0.43–1.45). Compared with parents in usual practice Early Head Start, parents in Recipe 4 Success engaged in more responsive feeding practices (d = 0.87; P &lt; .002; 95% CI: 0.34–1.40) and were better able to sensitively scaffold their toddlers’ learning and development (d = 0.58; P &lt; .04; 95% CI: 0.07–1.09).

CONCLUSIONS:
This randomized controlled trial revealed medium to large intervention effects on 4 important protective factors that are related to overweight and obesity but are often compromised by living in poverty.
Preventive Tuberculosis Services Reduces the Risk of Local Forms of Tuberculosis Development in Children on Immunosuppressive Therapy: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aksenova Valentina A. , Klevno Nadezda I. , Kazakov Alexey V. , Kudlay Dmitry A. , Sevostyanova Tatyana A. , Dementyeva Elena К. 
Published: December 2020

Background. Long-term immunosuppressive therapy in children (including genetically engineered biologic drugs, GEBD) is associated with a high risk of local tuberculosis (TB) development. Objective. The aim of the study was to examine efficacy of tuberculosis services in children with high risk of developing tuberculosis associated with immunosuppressive therapy.Methods. The study included children at the age from 0 to 17 years on immunosuppressive therapy due to autoimmune disease and who were referred to phthisiatrician consultation. The incidence of TB was estimated one year after in groups receiving preventive TB services (isoniazid and pyrazinamide for 3–6 months) due to the high risk of TB development (contact with TB patients and/or controversial or positive test results with tubercular recombinant allergen) or not receiving such therapy (no indications for preventive treatment, parents’ refusal). The source of any data was medical documentation.Results. Preventive tuberculosis service was performed in 167 (60%) out of 279 children included in the study, 112 children did not receive such treatment (5 cases — parents’ refusal, 107 cases — lack of indications for preventive treatment). TB was detected in 1 (0.6%) child after one year in the preventive treatment group, and in 14 (12.5%) children (p < 0.001) in the group without preventive treatment. Thoracic lymph nodes tuberculosis was diagnosed in 4 (27%) patients among all who has developed TB, tuberculous primary complex — in 3 (20%) patients, focal tuberculosis in 7 (46%) patients, disseminated tuberculosis in 1 (7%) patient.Conclusion. Preventive tuberculosis service reduces the risk of tuberculosis in children on administration of immunosuppressive drugs, including GEBD.
Absolute Neutropenia and Infection Development in Premature Infants in Early Neonatal Period: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mukhin Vladimir E. , Pankratyeva Lyudmila L. , Mileva Olga I. , Yartsev Mikhael N. , Volodin Nikolay N. 
Published: December 2020

Background. Premature infants have high risk of developing of neutropenia and infections in the early neonatal period. The correlation of these events requires further studies.Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of absolute neutropenia and infectious complications cases in premature infants in the early neonatal period with estimation of phenotypical and functional features of cord blood neutrophils.Methods. The study included premature infants (gestational age 25–36 weeks) with APGAR score < 8 on the 1st and 5th minutes of life. The frequency of absolute neutropenia (at least once < 1.5109/l) and infectious complications (localized infections of bacterial etiology, early neonatal sepsis) cases in the first 14 day of life was analysed. Additionally, we have determined the expression of CD64, CD16, CD32 by cord blood neutrophils in premature (n = 102) and mature infants (n = 30) via method of flow cytofluorometry. We have used FITC labeled Escherichia coli to estimate their phagocytic activity, and stimulation of E. coli neutrophils in the presence of 5 mM of dihydrorhodamine 123 to estimate their stimulation index (ratio of mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of activated neutrophils in stimulated samples and in negative controls, E. coli free samples).Results. The episodes of absolute neutropenia in the first 14 days of life were recorded in 17 cases, infectious complications — in 87 children (in 24 cases — sepsis) in the group of premature infants. The frequency of infectious complications in premature children did not correlate with the frequency of absolute neutropenia episodes. Cord blood neutrophils in premature infants had higher CD64 expression and, on the contrary, lower CD16 expression, as well as low phagocytic activity and stimulation index value (in all cases p < 0.001).Conclusion. Absolute neutropenia in premature infants in early neonatal period does not correlate with high risk of bacterial infections. However, cord blood neutrophils in premature infants had lower functional activity.
Ustekinumab Efficacy and Safety in Children with Plaque, Erythrodermic and Palmoplanar Forms of Psoriasis: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Murashkin Nikolay N. , Ambarchian Eduard T. , Epishev Roman V. , Materikin Alexander I. , Opryatin Leonid A. , Ivanov Roman A. , Kukoleva Daria S. , Pomazanova Marina Y. , Kuptsova Daria G. , Kozyr Yana V. , Bakulev Andrey L. 
Published: December 2020

Background. The study of psoriasis biological therapy aspects in children has certain topicality due to the small number and disunity of individual observations and the lack of special registers for pediatric patients.Objective. Our aim was to study ustekinumab efficacy and safety in children with plaque (PP), erythrodermic (EP) and palmoplanar (PPP) forms of psoriasis.Methods. The analysis of ustekinumab efficacy and safety has been carrying out for 1 year. The evaluation of therapy efficacy was based on definition of improvement of PASI scores (PASI 75, PASI 90 and PASI 100) on the 16th, 28th, 40th and 52nd weeks of follow-up and children's dermatology life quality index (CDLQI). Ustekinumab therapy safety analysis was based on registration and evaluation of adverse effects. Results. The study included 67 children with PP, EP and PPP aged 12 to 18 years. PP group results: the PASI 75 response at the 52nd week of therapy was observed in 35 children (100%), PASI 90 — in 33 (94%), PASI 100 — in 30 (86%). EP group results: 10 patients (56%) have reached PASI 75 on the 16th week, while none of patients have improved to PASI 90 and PASI 100 scores. The PASI 75 response at the 52nd week of therapy was observed in 18 children (100%), PASI 90 — in 17 (94%), PASI 100 — in 7 (39%). Only 1 patient (7%) with PPP has showed the score decrease to PASI 75 on the 16th week. Adverse effects were reported in 2 patients.Conclusion. Ustekinumab is the effective and safe treatment for moderate and severe forms of PP and EP in children, and it can also be considered as one of the alternative methods for PPP treatment in pediatrics.
"No es posible hablar". El habla imposible de Blanchot y Hölderlin
Authors: Olivares Amanda 
Published: December 2020

El presente ensayo se propone comprender el lenguaje de la literatura en el pensamiento de Maurice Blanchot, y su relación con nociones como lo “sagrado”, el fundamento, la ley y el origen. El hilo conductor será la lectura de la obra de Friedrich Hölderlin que el autor realiza en el ensayo “El habla ‘sagrada’ de Hölderlin” (1946), texto que se ocupa del poema “Como cuando en un día de fiesta” (1799), también comentado en 1941 por Martin Heidegger en un ensayo del mismo nombre, respecto del cual Blanchot se posiciona. Se dará cuenta de una persistente insistencia en Blanchot por pensar el lenguaje antecedido por un desgarramiento y una imposibilidad, cruzado por un cuestionamiento a la idea de ley y a la relación de fundamentación que esta idea implica. Se entenderá de qué manera es relevante la pregunta por la legitimidad de la reflexión filosófica y de la literatura. El intrigante y polémico “derecho a la muerte” al que Blanchot alude en “La literatura y el derecho a la muerte”, podrá ser mejor comprendido si se tienen en cuenta las consideraciones que se expondrán.
Planning Effective Learning for the Visually Impaired in Federal University in Osun State, Nigeria: Technology Perspective
Authors: GAMBO Omobola , ADELOKUN Adedapo , GAMBO Ishaya , AFOLAYAN Ayobami 
Published: December 2020

The School system at the university level in developing nations provides the most impactful environment for effective learning and building human capital required for a future-knowledge economy. Unfortunately, less attention is given to the provision of appropriate platforms for the disabled to effectively learn in the university system. Notably, disabled individuals rely on their ability to listen to only speech to gain information quickly to aid learning. In this paper, a learning framework was implemented and tested from educational and technological perspectives. The study focused on an ideal combination of a human-like behavior with a computer application to build a one-way interactive medium between the computer and the user. Using qualitative and quantitative research, we focused on acoustic signal processing without the incorporation of visual input. The respondents used for the study include students, lecturers, specialists in specialized education, and technological experts. The result is a prototype system that translates texts into speech, and a synthesized speech representation of the text entered into the system to aid effective learning. The test results with different users revealed that a majority of 84.70%, 85.30%, 84%, and 86.70% of the users rated the system to have high-quality content, clarity, attractiveness, and responsiveness, respectively.
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Improved Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Phacoemulsification of Hard Nucleus Cataract
Authors: Yousef Yu. N. , Voronin G. V. , Yousef S. N. , Vvedenskiy A. S. , Alkharki L. , Shkolyarenko N. Y. , Reznikova E. V. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The development and clinical study of improved femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification (PE) technology of hard nucleus cataract.Patients and methods. Improved femtosecond laser-assisted PE of hard nucleus cataract performed in 83 patients (93 eyes) (1st group), known femtosecond laser-assisted PE technique performed in 72 patients (78 eyes) (2nd group), torsional PE performed in 81 patients (89 eyes) (3rd group). The degree of intraoperative myosis, effective ultrasound time, corneal endothelial cell loss were evaluated in all groups.Results. Femtosecond laser-assisted PE is an effective technique for hard nucleus cataract removal, which can significantly reduce the energy ultrasonic load on the eye tissue. The proposed method for the instillation of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors and the observance of the minimum possible interval between the first and second stages of the operation can prevent significant intraoperative narrowing of the pupil. A significant narrowing of the pupil by more than 2 mm after the femtolaser stage was noted in 7 (7.5 %) cases in the 1st group of patients, in 15 (16.9 %) cases in the 2nd group, in 5 (6.4 %) cases in the 3rd group. The results of the study has shown a significant decrease in the effective ultrasound time for a femtosecond laser-assisted PE compared with a torsional PE. The effective ultrasound time was in the 1st group (improved technology of femtosecond laser-assisted PE) — 3.81 ± 0.75, in the 2nd group (known technology of the femtosecond laser-assisted PE) — 5.23 ± 1.07 s (p < 0.05), in the 3rd group (OZil technology) — 8.67 ± 1.83 s (p < 0.05). The decrease in the effective ultrasound time has become a determining factor in reducing the loss of corneal endothelial cells in both femtosecond laser-assisted PE technologies compared to torsional PE. The average loss of corneal endothelial cells 3 months after surgery was 8.7 ± 1.8 % in the 1st group, 10.3 ± 2.1% in the 2nd group, 13.5 ± 2.7 % (p < 0.05) in the 3rd group of patients.Conclusion. The proposed improved technology contributes to the solution of some problems that characterize femtosecond laser-assisted PE, and also helps to reduce the effective ultrasound time and the loss of corneal endothelial cells.
Influence of Various Factors on Results on Phenylephrine Test
Authors: Potyomkin V. V. , Goltsman E. V. 
Published: December 2020

Phenylephrine test is one of the main factors determining the possibility of performing superior tarsal muscle resection. However, the influence of various factors on its result remains unexplored.Aim. To evaluate the effect of patient age, degree of ptosis, and levator muscle function on the result of the phenylephrine test.Patients and methods. 45 patients were examined (64 eyelids). The following examinations were performed for all patients: assessment of the degree of ptosis, levator muscle function and the phenylephrine test.Results. Age and the degree of ptosis do not affect the results of the phenylephrine test. Reduced levator muscle function leads to a decrease of the phenylephrine test results.Conclusion. The phenylephrine test remains an important criteria for patient selection for the planning superior tarsal muscle resection. Levator muscle function does affect the phenylephrine test result.
Features of the Retina Light Sensitivity in Patients with Chronic Cerebral Ischemia, Depending on the Stage of Discirculatory Encephalopathy with the Use of a Neuropeptide
Authors: Frolov M. A. , Gasankhanova A. M. 
Published: December 2020

Objective. Our study was to examine the degree of the light sensitivity impairment of the retina in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, as well as to reveal the dynamics of these disorders on the background of the neuropeptide, depending on the stage of vascular encephalopathy.Patients and methods. Comparative analysis of visual function was conducted in 70 persons (140 eyes). Patients were divided into 2 groups, each group is divided into two subgroups. To study the light sensitivity of the retina used automatic computer perimeter Hamphrey Field Analyzer HFA II — I Series (model 610, ZEISS, Germany).Results. As a result of quantifying visual field defects in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia at 2 and 3 tbsp. vascular encephalopathy before treatment received preferential reduction of the light sensitivity of the retina in the temporal halves When comparing manual data with chronic cerebral ischemia patients 2 and 3 stadies vascular encephalopathy control group no significant differences before and after treatment have been identified. However, it is important to note that after 6 months treatment in the same group showed a slight increase in absolute numbers of cattle. In the control group using Cortexin observed reduction in the amount of absolute cattle.Conclusions. The light sensitivity of the retina in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia decreases as the disease progresses, with a primary lesion of the temporal halves of the visual fields. The improvement in the computer perimetry during the treatment, especially in combination with cortexin can be attributed to the normalization of the retina cellular structures, improving the transfer of information and the partial restoration of the disturbed functions, which indicates the relative ischemia is reversible processes, which is effective in patients with stage 2 or 3 vascular encephalopathy.
State and Challenges for the Development of Cooperation in Science and Technology between Russia and China
Authors: Danilin I. V. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to analyze the state and prospects of science and technology (S&T) cooperation between the Russian Federation and the PRC in the context of the global S&T cooperation trends.Methods: research is based on a combination of desk and field methods. The article is based on the data from official documents of the Russian Federation, state companies, institutions for development, and other structures, as well as media sources. A series of non-focused expert interviews with representatives of the innovation and expert community, linked to Russia-China S&T cooperation, was also conducted.Results: the main trends and directions of the S&T cooperation between Russia and China in 2000–2020s have been identified, including: large projects in traditional medium- and high-tech industries; horizontal academic cooperation; bilateral activities in developing innovation infrastructure (science parks, investment funds, etc.); tech activities of big corporations – with special focus on Huawei. Several factors, limiting the potential of bilateral S&T cooperation, were identified. Among the most important are: differences in the structure of real (not declarative) S&T priorities; weak complementarity of both economies and unwillingness to form harmonized trade and investment regimes (also because of the different size of Russian and Chinese economies); the techno-nationalist ideology of state policies of both nations; mismatching areas of scientific leadership that impedes synergy in academic research. The fragmentation and insufficient financial support of the Russian S&T and innovation sectors are noted as separate factors.Conclusions and Relevance: despite high mutual interest in intensification of Russia-China dialogue is declared, there are clear limits for bilateral S&T cooperation. Existing restrictions predetermines the preservation of a relatively small scale of S&T cooperation for the foreseeable future, with P2P interactions of groups of actors at its core. However, some of these interactions may be large-scale and long-term, as is the case of Huawei. One of the ways to change this dynamic (not saying about urgent need to optimize economic situation in Russia) is to develop a comprehensive strategy of cooperation with China – with subsequent focus on a small group of most important initiatives and creating favorable conditions for interaction of private and academic actors.
Pharmaceutical Industry Development in the Midst of Crisis: Global Trends
Authors: Mamedyarov Z. A. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: the main purpose of the article was to study the trends in the global pharmaceutical industry, as one of the most knowledge-intensive in the world economy, against the background of the 2020 COVID-related crisis. The task was to study the impact of the economic crisis on the priorities of the largest pharmaceutical multinationals, to link them with trends in the restructuring of health care systems, as well as to analyze and assess the potential impact of Brexit on the European pharma industry, starting from 2021.Methods: the work is based on a comparative analysis of trends in the restructuring of global value chains in pharmaceuticals, the digitalization of pharmaceuticals and health care, as well as a quantitative analysis of the revenue and value added by the largest European pharmaceutical multinational companies.Results: the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of digitalization of big pharma; the intensified transition to a continuous production model can be expected in the coming years. Also, the second largest industry market, the EU-27, will suffer less from Brexit than the UK itself, and industries in developing countries will benefit from additional growth opportunities. The digitalization of healthcare remains an important underlying factor for the transformation of pharmaceuticals and further growth of innovation competition. This paper presents the problems of pharma and how to address them, as well as possible ways to restructure healthcare systems to reduce the likelihood of new pandemics – this will be at the heart of regulatory solutions in the medium term.Conclusions and Relevance: governments and state regulators will be actively involved in the process of recovery of the pharmaceutical industry after the crisis. For small regional pharmaceutical producers in developing countries there is a growing need to digitalize production and diversify supply chains. Implementation of continuous production technologies allows expecting growth in the number of small pharmaceutical producers, deepening competition in the industry. The Brexit deal will also have significant implications for the industry, leading to a restructuring of supply chains within the EU from early 2021, reducing the UK's competitiveness.