bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive response to a future life challenge: consequences of early-life environmental complexity in dual-purpose chicks
Authors: Yan Chao , Hartcher Kate , Liu Wen , Xiao Jinlong , Xiang Hai , Wang Jikun , Liu Hao , Zhang Hui , Liu Jian , Chen Siyu , Zhao Xingbo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Conditions in early life play profound and long-lasting effects on the welfare and adaptability to stress of chickens. This study aimed to explore the hypothesis that the provision of environmental complexity in early life improves birds’ adaptive plasticity and ability to cope with a challenge later in life. It also tried to investigate the effect of the gut-brain axis by measuring behavior, stress hormone, gene expression, and gut microbiota. One-day-old chicks were split into 3 groups: (1) a barren environment (without enrichment items) group (BG, n = 40), (2) a litter materials group (LG, n = 40), and (3) a perches with litter materials group (PLG, n = 40). Then, enrichment items were removed and simulated as an environmental challenge at 31 to 53 d of age. Birds were subjected to a predator test at 42 d of age. In the environmental challenge, when compared with LG, PLG birds were characterized by decreased fearfulness, lower plasma corticosterone, improved gut microbial functions, lower relative mRNA expression of GR, and elevated mRNA expressions of stress-related genes CRH, BDNF, and NR2A in the hypothalamus (all P &lt; 0.05). Unexpectedly, the opposite was true for the LG birds when compared with the BG (P &lt; 0.05). Decreased plasma corticosterone and fearfulness were accompanied by altered hypothalamic gene mRNA expressions of BDNF, NR2A, GR, and CRH through the HPA axis in response to altered gut microbial compositions and functions. The findings suggest that gut microbiota may integrate fearfulness, plasma corticosterone, and gene expression in the hypothalamus to provide an insight into the gut-brain axis in chicks. In conclusion, having access to both perches and litter materials in early life allowed birds to cope better with a future challenge. Birds in perches and litter materials environment may have optimal development and adaptive plasticity through the gut-brain axis.
A Novel Marker, Based on Ultrasound Tomography, for Monitoring Early Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Duric Neb , Littrup Peter , Sak Mark , Li Cuiping , Chen Di , Roy Olivier , Bey-Knight Lisa , Brem Rachel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the combination of tumor volume and sound speed as a potential imaging marker for assessing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response.

Methods
This study was carried out under an IRB-approved protocol (written consent required). Fourteen patients undergoing NAC for invasive breast cancer were examined with ultrasound tomography (UST) throughout their treatment. The volume (V) and the volume-averaged sound speed (VASS) of the tumors and their changes were measured for each patient. Time-dependent response curves of V and VASS were constructed individually for each patient and then as averages for the complete versus partial response groups in order to characterize differences between the two groups. Differences in group means were assessed for statistical significance using t-tests. Differences in shapes of group curves were evaluated with Kolmogorov–Smirnoff tests.

Results
On average, tumor volume and sound speed in the partial response group showed a gradual decline in the first 60 days of treatment, while the complete response group showed a much steeper decline (P &lt; 0.05). The shapes of the response curves of the two groups, corresponding to the entire treatment period, were also found to be significantly different (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, large simultaneous drops in volume and sound speed in the first 3 weeks of treatment were characteristic only of the complete responders (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the feasibility of using UST to monitor NAC response, warranting future studies to better define the potential of UST for noninvasive, rapid identification of partial versus complete responders in women undergoing NAC.
An analysis of the genus Leucothoe Leach, 1814 (Amphipoda: Leucothoidae) in New Zealand, with the description of two new species symbiotic with ascidians and sponges
Authors: Hauke Ronja , Peart Rachael A , Ryan Ken G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Leucothoids (family Leucothoidae Dana, 1852) are amphipods often associated with sponges and are relatively poorly recorded in New Zealand waters, with only four species previously recorded. Two newly discovered species, Leucothoe agripeta sp. nov. and L. tumultus sp. nov. are described from a sponge off Aotea Quay, Wellington, New Zealand and an ascidian from the Chatham Rise, eastern New Zealand, respectively. Leucothoe traillii Thomson, 1881 is redescribed and a neotype assigned. A key to the New Zealand species of Leucothoe as well as a discussion of their host-specificity and ecology are also provided.
Age-Dependent Functional and Numerical Responses ofNeoseiulus cucumeris(Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Dalir Sajjad , Hajiqanbar Hamidreza , Fathipour Yaghoub , Khanamani Mostafa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe age-specific functional and numerical responses of Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) on eggs of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), were assessed in the laboratory using bean leaf discs. Densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 prey were provided to 4- (protonymph), 6- (deutonymph), 8-, 13-, 18-, 23-, 28-, 33-, and 40-d-old N. cucumeris individuals. The functional response of 28- and 40-d-old N. cucumeris fitted type II, whereas the other ages displayed a type III functional response. The longest handling time observed at the age of 4 d was 0.515 h, whereas the shortest handling time and highest value of maximum attack rate (T/Th) were associated with the age of the 28-d-old treatment (0.261 h and 91.95 prey/d, respectively). The numerical response of N. cucumeris showed a significant increase with increasing prey density, but its rate gradually decreased at higher densities. Therefore, the efficiency of conversion of ingested food was relatively higher at low two-spotted spider mite densities, whereas it was reduced at high two-spotted spider mite densities. The stronger functional response and predation capacity of N. cucumeris on two-spotted spider mite eggs indicated the high potential of this predatory mite as an effective biological control agent against two-spotted spider mite especially at its early and middle ages and also when higher prey densities are present.
The Right to Seeds and Legal Mobilization for the Protection of Peasant Seed Systems in Mali
Authors: Coulibaly Mohamed , Claeys Priscilla , Berson Anne 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the right to seeds and legal mobilization for the protection of peasant seed systems in Mali. It centres on the ongoing ‘Seed, Norms and Peasants’ process (‘Semences, Normes et Paysans’, SNP), the goal of which is to achieve the recognition of peasant seed systems in the law. Through the lens of human rights practice, the article explores how peasant organizations and allied NGOs have: a) converged around a shared political agenda despite initial disagreement on the role of certified seeds; b) framed the right to seeds as a collective right, grounded in customary regimes for the governance of land and natural resources; and c) engaged in dialogue with the state to push for legal reform. It further discusses processes of legal transfers and seed aid that have ushered the development of a commercial seed sector in Mali and locates peasant seed systems within the political economy of seeds in the country.
Sufi Asceticism and the Sunna of the Prophet in al-Junayd’s Adab al-Muftaqir ilā Allāh
Authors: Zaleski John 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the central claims of early Sufis was the harmony of the Sufi path with the sunna of the Prophet Muḥammad. It remains to be explored, however, how early Sufis related to the sunna as an authoritative model. Focusing on the writings of al-Junayd al-Baghdādī (d. 298/910–11), in particular the understudied Adab al-Muftaqir ilā Allāh, this article argues that al-Junayd sought to resolve a tension between anti-ascetic aspects of the sunna and the ascetic practices undertaken by Sufis. By attributing appeals to anti-ascetic ḥadīths to the influence of the lower-soul (nafs), al-Junayd made room for Sufis to undertake practices, including celibacy, that ran counter to the widely accepted sense of sayings of the Prophet. In so doing, he intervened in ongoing discussions concerning the value of asceticism and sexual abstinence. Al-Junayd’s writings reveal a nuanced approach to the sunna, whereby Sufis must identify those aspects of the sunna that would help rather than hinder their spiritual path. His writings thus take us beyond the (correct) affirmation that early Sufis upheld the law and sunna and allow us to see how Sufis wrestled with the example of the Prophet and the meaning of his life and words for their path to God.
Disease Vector Relative Spatio-Temporal Abundances to Water Bodies and Thermal Fitness Across Malaria Endemic Semi-Arid Areas
Authors: Buxton Mmabaledi , Wasserman Ryan J , Nyamukondiwa Casper 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The biophysical environment plays an important role in the spatio-temporal abundance and distribution of mosquitoes. This has implications for the spread of vectors and diseases they cause across diverse landscapes. Here, we assessed vector mosquito abundances in relation to large water bodies, from three malaria districts in a semi-arid environment. Furthermore, we explored thermal limits to activity of the dominant and most medically important malaria vector across malaria-endemic areas. Mosquitoes were trapped near permanent water bodies across different districts. Critical thermal limits (critical thermal-maxima and -minima) to activity of wild adults and 4th instar larvae Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) were assessed. Our results showed that Anopheles spp. dominate mosquito communities across all three districts, but that their numbers were far greater in Okavango than in other regions. At the Okavango sites, the numbers of Anopheles spp. decreased with distance from main water source. Anopheles spp. sampled in this region comprised Anopheles gambiae (Giles,1902) and Anopheles funestus (Giles, 1900) species complexes, with the former dominating in numbers. Thermal activity assays showed An. arabiensis females had wider thermal tolerance windows than males while larval thermal activity limits differed significantly across space. These results confirm that the Okavango district should be prioritized for vector control measures. Moreover, intervention strategies should consider recommendations for proximity effects to large water bodies, given the differential risk associated with distance from water. The wider thermal window on female vectors has implications for possible future malaria transmission and diverse habitat utilization under changing environments.
Unaccompanied Girls with Precarious Odds
Authors: Hedlund Daniel , Salmonsson Lisa , Sohlberg Tove 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStatistics made available by the Swedish Migration Agency (SMA) make it possible to follow first-decision outcomes in asylum cases concerning unaccompanied children (types of residence permits granted, percentage of rejections, etc.). Yet, we know little about differences in asylum decision outcomes for unaccompanied children coming to Sweden. Therefore, we wanted to find out how gender, country of origin, and asylum reports are associated with the likelihood of being granted residency. Asylum decisions concerning unaccompanied children were first coded inductively. These codes were later merged into larger categories that were analyzed quantitatively by logistic regression analysis. The data sample consisted of one calendar year of asylum decisions issued by the SMA. Results show that fewer girls than boys were granted asylum, and in fact, girls have an overall lower prospect of being granted residency. Results also display statistically significant gender differences in reported reasons for seeking asylum.
Expanding Refugee Ineligibility: Canada’s Response to Secondary Refugee Movements
Authors: Atak Idil , Abu Alrob Zainab , Ellis Claire 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 2019, Canada introduced legislative changes that made asylum seekers ineligible for protection if they have made a previous refugee claim in a country that Canada shares an information-sharing agreement with. Such agreements are currently in place with the US, Australia, the UK, and New Zealand. This article offers a critical assessment of the new ineligibility ground, arguing that the policy is designed to deter secondary refugee movements, particularly those across the Canada–US border which have considerably intensified since 2017. Based on the ‘first safe country’ rule, the new ineligibility ground enables Canada to exclude some asylum seekers from refugee protection without offering any alternative effective protection in Canada. This article demonstrates that the policy is inconsistent with Canada’s obligations under international refugee law.
Listening to the Alice Books
Authors: Vaclavik Kiera 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Despite the ‘acoustic turn’ providing ‘a corrective to the visualist bias of much scholarship on modern and postmodern culture’, the Alice books and their author have been almost exclusively seen rather than heard by critics to date. Prompted by a collaboration with composer Paul Rissmann which resulted in a concert suite performed by the London Symphony Orchestra in 2015, in this article I undertake the first detailed exploration of the sonic dimension of these texts. This merits attention not only because of its very emphatic foregrounding within the frame narrative of Wonderland, but also because of authorial interests and preoccupations, and the quickly established and still enduring musical afterlife of the books. Although triggered in Wonderland by the pastoral and by the sounds of the natural world, a process of translation or transformation renders a very different sonic landscape within the narrative proper. The bucolic frames an often raucous modern core, with Carroll embedding not only catchy anodyne melodies but also the sounds of the everyday and of contemporary industry, transport, and material culture. Attending to the rich and varied soundscape of Carroll’s best-known works sheds new light on their widely examined images but also restores a key dimension of the texts, essential to their Victorian reception. The detailed exploration of the full range of sonic phenomena within the works, from music to noise, and spanning both sound and silence, opens up new relationships between Carroll and his Victorian contemporaries, as well as further reinforcing his status as a proto-modernist.
Predicted rates of merging neutron stars in galaxies
Authors: Molero Marta , Simonetti Paolo , Matteucci Francesca , della Valle Massimo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We compute rates of merging neutron stars (MNS) in different galaxies, as well as the cosmic MNS rate in different cosmological scenarios. Our aim is to provide predictions of kilonova rates for future observations both at low and high redshift. In the adopted galaxy models, the production of r-process elements either by MNS or core-collapse supernovae is taken into account. To compute the MNS rates, we adopt either a constant total time delay for merging (10 Myr) or a distribution function of such delays. We conclude (i) the observed present time MNS rate in our Galaxy is well reproduced either with a constant time delay or a distribution function ∝t−1. (ii) The [Eu/Fe] versus [Fe/H] relation can be well reproduced with only MNS, if the time delay is short and constant. If a distribution function of delays is adopted, core-collapse supernovae are also required. (iii) The present time cosmic MNS rate can be well reproduced in several cosmological scenarios. (iv) Spiral galaxies are the major contributors to the cosmic MNS at all redshifts in hierarchical scenarios. In the pure luminosity evolution scenario, the spirals are the major contributors locally, whereas at high redshift ellipticals dominate. (v) The predicted cosmic MNS rate well agrees with the cosmic rate of short gamma-ray bursts, if the distribution function of delays is adopted in a cosmological hierarchical scenario observationally derived. (vi) Future observations of kilonovae in ellipticals will allow us to disentangle among constant or a distribution of time delays and among different cosmological scenarios.
Prospects of probing dark energy with eLISA: Standard versus null diagnostics
Authors: Baral Pratyusava , Roy Soumendra Kishore , Pal Supratik 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binary mergers along with an electromagnetic counterpart have the potential to shed ‘light’ on the nature of dark energy in the intermediate redshift regime. Accurate measurement of dark energy parameters at intermediate redshift is extremely essential to improve our understanding of dark energy, and to possibly resolve a couple of tensions involving cosmological parameters. We present a Fisher matrix forecast analysis in the context of eLISA to predict the errors for three different cases: the non-interacting dark energy with constant and evolving equation of state (EoS), and the interacting dark sectors with a generalized parametrization. In all three cases, we perform the analysis for two separate formalisms, namely, the standard EoS formalism and the Om parametrization which is a model-independent null diagnostic for a wide range of fiducial values in both phantom and non-phantom regions, to make a comparative analysis between the prospects of these two diagnostics in eLISA. Our analysis reveals that it is wiser and more effective to probe the null diagnostic instead of the standard EoS parameters for any possible signature of dark energy at intermediate redshift measurements like eLISA.
Can complex T Tauri star light curves be modelled with star-spots?
Authors: Koen C 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT‘Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite’ photometry of 10 young stars with very complex periodic light curves is considered. Previous findings that these cannot be due to dark surface spots are re-evaluated by allowing arbitrarily shaped areas on the stellar surface to have sub-photospheric fluxes. This is done by approximating flux integrals by sums over surface elements. The unknown ratios of spot to photospheric fluxes are determined by lasso or ridge regression procedures. It is found that almost all light curves can be modelled very accurately in this way. The usual, if rarely stated, caveat applies – star-spot models presented in the paper are not unique.
Simulated predictions for H i at z = 3.35 with the Ooty Wide Field Array (OWFA) – II. Foreground avoidance
Authors: Chatterjee Suman , Bharadwaj Somnath , Marthi Visweshwar Ram 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Considering the upcoming OWFA, we use simulations of the foregrounds and the z = 3.35 H i 21-cm intensity mapping signal to identify the (k⊥, k∥) modes where the expected 21-cm power spectrum P(k⊥, k∥) is substantially larger than the predicted foreground contribution. Only these uncontaminated k modes are used for measuring P(k⊥, k∥) in the “Foreground Avoidance” technique. Though the foregrounds are largely localized within a wedge. we find that the small leakage beyond the wedge surpasses the 21-cm signal across a significant part of the (k⊥, k∥) plane. The extent of foreground leakage is extremely sensitive to the frequency window function used to estimate P(k⊥, k∥). It is possible to reduce the leakage by making the window function narrower; however, this comes at the expense of losing a larger fraction of the 21-cm signal. It is necessary to balance these competing effects to identify an optimal window function. Considering a broad class of cosine window functions, we identify a six term window function as optimal for 21-cm power spectrum estimation with OWFA. Considering only the k modes where the expected 21-cm power spectrum exceeds the predicted foregrounds by a factor of 100 or larger, a $5\, \sigma$ detection of the binned power spectrum is possible in the k-ranges $0.18 \le k \le 0.3 \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ and $0.18 \le k \le 0.8 \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ with 1000–2000 and 104 h of observation, respectively.
Gamma-ray bursts: not so much deadlier than we thought
Authors: Thomas Brian C , Atri Dimitra , Melott Adrian L 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyse the additional effect on planetary atmospheres of recently detected gamma-ray burst afterglow photons in the range up to 1 TeV. For an Earth-like atmosphere, we find that there is a small additional depletion in ozone versus that modeled for only prompt emission. We also find a small enhancement of muon flux at the planet surface. Overall, we conclude that the additional afterglow emission, even with TeV photons, does not result in a significantly larger impact over that found in past studies.
Stars and gas in the most metal-poor galaxies – I. COS and MUSE observations of SBS 0335−052E
Authors: Wofford Aida , Vidal-García Alba , Feltre Anna , Chevallard Jacopo , Charlot Stéphane , Stark Daniel P , Herenz Edmund C , Hayes Matthew 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Among the nearest most metal-poor starburst-dwarf galaxies known, SBS 0335−052E is the most luminous in integrated nebular He ii λ4686 emission. This makes it a unique target to test spectral synthesis models and spectral interpretation tools of the kind that will be used to interpret future rest-frame UV observations of primeval galaxies. Previous attempts to reproduce its He ii λ4686 luminosity found that X-ray sources, shocks, and single Wolf–Rayet stars are not main contributors to the He ii-ionizing budget; and that only metal-free single rotating stars or binary stars with a top-heavy IMF and an unphysically low metallicity can reproduce it. We present new UV (COS) and optical (MUSE) spectra that integrate the light of four super star clusters in SBS 0335−052E. Nebular He ii, [C iii], C iii], C iv, and O iii] UV emission lines with equivalent widths between 1.7 and 5 Å and a C iv λλ1548, 1551 P-Cygni like profile are detected. Recent extremely metal-poor shock + precursor models and binary models fail to reproduce the observed optical emission-line ratios. We use different sets of UV and optical observables to test models of constant star formation with single non-rotating stars that account for very massive stars as blueshifted O v λ1371 absorption is present. Simultaneously fitting the fluxes of all high-ionization UV lines requires an unphysically low metallicity. Fitting the P-Cygni like + nebular components of C iv λλ1548, 1551 does not constrain the stellar metallicity and time since the beginning of star formation. We obtain 12+log(O/H)$\, = 7.45\pm 0.04$ and log(C/O)$\, = -0.45^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$ for the galaxy. Model testing would benefit from higher spatial resolution UV and optical spectroscopy of the galaxy.