bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic correlates of psychological responses to the COVID-19 crisis in young adult twins in Great Britain
Authors: Rimfeld Kaili , Malancini Margherita , Allegrini Andrea , Packer Amy E. , McMillan Andrew , Ogden Rachel , Webster Louise , Shakeshaft Nicholas G. , Schofield Kerry L. , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Stringaris Argyris , von Stumm Sophie , Plomin Robert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We investigated how the COVID-19 crisis and the extraordinary experience of lockdown affected young adults in England and Wales psychologically. One month after lockdown commenced (T2), we assessed 30 psychological and behavioural traits in 4,000 twins in their mid-twenties and compared their responses to the same traits assessed in 2018 (T1). Mean changes from T1 to T2 were modest and inconsistent: just as many changes were in a positive as negative direction. Twin analyses revealed that genetics accounted for about half of the reliable variance at T1 and T2. Genetic factors correlated on average .86 between T1 and T2 and accounted for over half of the phenotypic stability. Systematic environmental influences had negligible impact on T1, T2 or T2 change. Rather than the crisis fundamentally changing people psychologically, our results suggest that genetic differences between individuals play a fundamental role in shaping psychological and behavioural responses to the COVID-19 crisis.
Microsurgery of chronic post-intubation laryngeal stenosis using a CO<sub>2</sub>-laser
Authors: Vavin V. V. , Nazhmudinov I. I. , Davudov Kh. Sh. , Garashchenko T. I. , Davudova B. Kh. , Magomedova K. M. , Khoranova M. Yu. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction.Despite significant progress achieved in the surgical treatment of cicatricial laryngeal stenosis and cervical trachea in recent decades, this issue appears relevant, especially among people of young and working age.Aim of the study:To develop tactics for surgical treatment of post-intubation laryngeal stenosis using a CO2-laser.Materials and methods:During the period from 2015 to 2019, surgical treatment was performed for 105 patients with post-intubation cicatricial stenosis of the larynx using microsurgical techniques and a CO2-laser, provided that the cartilage frame of the larynx was preserved, which was determined in a preoperative examination.Results and discussion:In the postoperative period, patients were monitored from 6 months to 3 years. Localization of cicatricial post-intubation laryngeal stenosis in the vestibular region is quite rare. According to the results of the study, achievement of a stable functional result was obtained in 20 (84%) of 24 patients with lesions of the vocal section of the larynx, in one case a cicatricial membrane of this section of the larynx was required to be excised after one year, and laryngoplasty with extra laryngeal access in four cases. Post-intubation stenosis of sub-folded localization is most widespread, and in our observations they amounted to 79%. The use of endolaryngeal access using a CO2-laser made it possible to achieve a good functional result in 66% of cases, reconstruction of the larynx by extra-laryngeal access was required in 33%, and laryngotracheal resection in 1%.Conclusion:It is shown that the use of a CO2-laser in the surgical treatment of chronic post-intubation laryngeal stenosis significantly expands operational capabilities due to the high accuracy and low level of damage to surrounding tissues. This method allows the formation of minimal wound surfaces by submucosal excision of scar tissue and makes it possible to cover the wound with microlosks of the mucous membrane, reducing the time of epithelization in the intervention area, which is an important prevention of repeated stenosis. In the surgical treatment of extended stenosis of the middle part of the larynx, there are prerequisites for repeated wound replacement with scar tissue, which in our observations was avoided by using endoprostheses. The defeat of the sub-follicular part of the larynx is prone to restenosis even in the absence of data for the defeat of the cartilaginous framework of the larynx.
Modern possibilities of topical therapy of upper respiratory tract and throat infectious inflammatory diseases
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Pavlova S. V. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction.At the present moment, the healthcare system has faced significant problems in terms of infectious safety: an unprecedented increase in the spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, the annual appearance of 1-2 “new” infectious diseases, an increase in the proportion of emergent infections, especially of viral etiology, against which there are no effective drugs, and the spread drug-resistant microorganisms, as well as the establishment of a direct etiological or trigger role of microbial agents in the development of somatic human pathology.The aimof our work was to evaluate the topical preparation (amylmetacresol and dichlorobenzyl alcohol) used to stop the inflammatory process and eliminate pain in patients with pharyngeal diseases.Patients and methods.We studied the antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect of a fixed combination of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol 1.2 mg, amylmethacresol 0.6 mg. 20 patients with manifestations of inflammatory changes in the pharyngeal cavity underwent treatment with Strepsils resorption tablets according to the scheme. The control group consisted of 10 patients who received therapy according to the usual scheme.Results and discussion.As a result of the therapy, sore throat in patients in the first group completely disappeared amongst 15 patients, and its intensity significantly decreased amongst 5 patients. Patients noted that the use of Strepsils resorption tablets reduces the sensation of a foreign body, irritation in the pharynx and oral cavity; eliminates pain, tickle, feeling of soreness in the throat. The analgesic effect of the drug manifested itself after about 5 minutes and lasted up to 2 hours. By the end of the treatment, all patients from this group had unpleasant sensations and discomfort completely stopped.Conclusion.Amylmethacresol/Dichlorobenzyl Absorption Tablets is a well-tolerated and effective over-the-counter treatment offering functional, sensory and emotional benefits for patients with acute sore throat, providing a quick onset of effect and may be more relevant and suitable than antibiotics when pharyngitis associated with viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
Therapeutic potential of topical naturopathic remedies in otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Eremeeva K. V. , Svistushkin V. M. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Тhe search for drugs that accelerate the process of resolving post-traumatic reactive changes, which have both sufficient anti-edema and anti-inflammatory effects, and reparative properties, is relevant.Goal of reserch. The purpose of this review is to find a means to speed wound healing after nasal traumas.Materials and methods. The researchers conducted an analysis of scientific research data to evaluate the efficacy of naturopathic mountain arnica-based remedies for the treatment of patients with an external nose trauma accompanied by the formation of edema, hematoma of lateral nasal wall and/or skin abrasions of external nose.Results. This work shows that topical plant remedies based on Аrnicamontana has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antiedema effect, comparable to the traditionally used for this purpose heparin-containing ointments and gels. However, unlike the latter, products based on Arnica montana have a pronounced wound- healing effect, which allows to significantly reduce the time to resolve traumatic injuries of the skin of the external nose. The analysis of the work also demonstrates the absence of adverse reactions when using this drug.Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to recommend topical naturpathic remedies based on Arnicamontana for use as a firstchoice drug for wound healing after nasal traumas. In addition, the drug is effective in the complex treatment of patients with nasal trauma requiring surgical intervention: at the preoperative stage - to reduce post-traumatic reactions and prepare for surgery, and at the postoperative stage - for the early recovery, reducing edema and inflammation.
SARS-CoV-2 known and unknowns, implications for the water sector and wastewater-based epidemiology to support national responses worldwide: early review of global experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hill Kelly , Zamyadi Arash , Deere Dan , Vanrolleghem Peter A. , Crosbie Nicholas D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Wastewater surveillance of pathogens may be a useful tool to help determine whether clinical surveillance of disease is effective or inadequate due to under-reporting and under-detection. In addition, tracking of pathogen concentrations over time could potentially provide a measure of the effectiveness of public health control measures and the impact of the gradual relaxation of these controls. Analysis of wastewater using quantitative molecular methods offers a real-time measure of infections in the community, and thus is expected to provide a more sensitive and rapid indication of changes in infection rates before such effects become detectable by clinical health surveillance. Models may help to back-calculate wastewater prevalence to population prevalence or to correct pathogen counts for wastewater catchment-specific and temporal effects. They may also help to design the wastewater sampling strategy. This article provides a brief summary of the history of pathogen wastewater surveillance to help set the context for the SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) programmes currently being undertaken globally.
Process water recovery via forward osmosis: membrane and integrated process development
Authors: Martin J. , Kolliopoulos G. , Papangelakis V. G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This work reports on efforts to develop an integrated continuous forward osmosis system for the recovery of water from wastewater streams, highlighting critical process parameters to minimize energy consumption. Forward osmosis experiments were performed using NaCl draw solutions of various concentrations and the intrinsic membrane parameters (water permeability, draw solution permeability, and structural parameter) were then determined via nonlinear regression using MATLAB. The experimental data was then used to validate a theoretical water flux model, which was subsequently applied to simulate the forward osmosis performance under different hydrodynamic conditions using both NaCl and TMA-CO2-H2O (TMA: trimethylamine) draw solutions. Analysis of the energy efficiency of the TMA-CO2 draw solution regeneration stage revealed that the draw solution flow rate has a significant impact on energy consumption. Also, increasing the feed flow rate was found to slightly enhance the water flux up to 2.5%, while having a negligible impact on the downstream regeneration process energy consumption.
Analysis of Conceptual Solutions of Universal Helical Geared Reducers
Authors: Rackov Milan , Kuzmanović Siniša , Knežević Ivan , Čavić Maja , Penčić Marko 
Published: May 2020

Geared reducers are mechanisms designed to reduce the number of revolutions using geared elements and nowadays they present one of the most commonly used types of mechanical transmissions in mechanical engineering. Due to the different shapes of geared elements, there are different types of geared transmissions: helical, bevel, worm, special and combined transmissions. This paper analyses only helical geared transmissions, since there is a great extent of whole this matter. Helical transmissions are analysed only with external helical gearing, since internal geared pairs represent a special and very large group of gears. Within the external helical geared transmissions, only torque transmissions are analysed, while the transmissions of motion are not analysed and they represent another large group of transmissions. Only universal gear reducers with axial, or almost-axial, parallel shafts are considered (two-stage and three-stage transmissions). Although, single-stage gear reducer produced with parallel shafts are not considered by the paper in order to reduce the area of researching. Gear reducers are most commonly delivered to customer with electric motor, known as motor geared reducer, and they are studied here extensively. Gear reducer can be also delivered without motor, only with input shaft. The basic aim of this paper is to present all characteristics and specificities of motor geared reducer in one place.
FALSAS MEMÓRIAS NO PROCESSO PENAL: A INCIDÊNCIA DE FALSAS MEMÓRIAS NA PROVA TESTEMUNHAL
Authors: GUARAGNNI Fábio André , TANAKA Carolline Mayumi 
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é compreender a capacidade da mente humana de criar falsas memórias e sua influência e incidência na prova testemunhal do processo penal. Aponta para a alta incidência de casos de falsas memórias no processo penal brasileiro. Metodologia: A partir de pesquisa documental, utiliza o método dedutivo para, valendo-se de textos doutrinários, legislativos, jurisprudenciais e constitucionais, extrair conclusões sobre a as falas memórias em depoimentos.Resultado: Apresentam-se algumas medidas capazes de diminuir a presença de falsas memórias em testemunhos durante a instrução, de maneira a minimizar o impacto negativo, na resolução dos casos penais, destas falhas cognitivas usuais que caracterizam os processos mnemônicos.Contribuições: O reconhecimento da relevância do trabalho multidisciplinar nos estudos das falsas memórias, na capacitação dos profissionais de Direito acerca deste aspecto e na integração de profissionais de outras áreas no ambiente do processo criminal. Palavras-chave: Processo penal; prova testemunhal; falsas memórias. ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study is to understand the capacity of the human mind to create false memories and its influence and impact on the testimonial evidence of the criminal process. It points to the high incidence of cases of false memories in the Brazilian criminal process. Methodology: Based on documentary research, it is used the deductive method to, based on doctrinal, legislative, jurisprudential and constitutional texts, obtain conclusions about the false memories in testimonies. Result: Some measures are presented to reduce the presence of false memories in testimonies during instruction, in order to minimize the negative impact in the resolution of criminal cases of these usual cognitive flaws that characterize mnemonic processes. Contributions: Recognition of the relevance of multidisciplinary work in the study of false memories, in the training of legal professionals about this aspect and in the integration of professionals from other areas in the criminal process environment. Keywords: Criminal procedure; testimonial evidence; false memories.
AUTONOMIA PARENTAL EM SAÚDE E CONFORMAÇÃO DO MOVIMENTO ANTIVACINAÇÃO NO CENÁRIO DE PÓS-VERDADE
Authors: BORGES Gustavo Silveira , CERVI Taciana Damo , PIAIA Thami Covatti 
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal investigar o crescimento do movimento antivacinação e a complexidade ético-jurídica na ponderação do exercício da autonomia parental na recusa vacinal, os direitos das crianças e a tutela da saúde pública. Metodologia: O estudo adota o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e o método de procedimento analítico por meio da revisão bibliográfica. Resultados: A pesquisa identifica os desafios relacionados à promoção da saúde infantil no contexto de consagração da pós-verdade; demonstra estatisticamente a redução no índice de doenças mediante a implementação de políticas públicas de vacinação e de que os benefícios da imunização prevalecem sobre os riscos. Contribuições: A partir da análise realizada, identifica no cenário de internet e pósverdade o impacto da tecnologia algorítmica na atual construção dos papéis sociais que estimulam a expansão de posturas negacionistas a partir de especulações ou inverdades propagadas pela mídia, o que reforça a necessidade de formulação de estratégias para uma conscientização verdadeira, atinente à proteção jurídica universal do direito humano à saúde. Ao final, ressalta a importante atuação do Estado para coibir a recusa vacinal, bem como a participação da sociedade civil na formulação de estratégias para a efetivação do direito à saúde. Palavras-chave: Movimento antivacinação; saúde; direitos humanos; pós-verdade. ABSTRACT Objective: The research analyses the growth of the anti-vaccine movement and the ethic-legal complexity in pondering the use of parental autonomy in vaccines refusal, children rights and the protection of public health. Methodology: The study adopts the hypothetical-deductive approach and the analytical procedure method through bibliographic review. Results: The research identifies the challenges related to children health promoting in the post-truth context consecration; it shows statistically the reduction in the diseases index with implementation of vaccine related public policies and that the benefits of immunization prevail under the risks attached to it. Contributions:The research identifies the internet and post-truths scenarios and the impact of algorithmic technology in the current construction of social roles that incentive the expansion of denial postures through speculations of untruths propelled by the media, which reinforces the need of the formulation of strategies for a real enlightenment towards a universal legal protection of the human right to health. Finally, the study highlights the important performance of the State to deter vaccines refusal, as well as to the participation of civil society in the formulation of strategies to turn in effect the right to health. Keywords: Anti-vaccine movement; health; human rights; post-truth.
Habits and Attitudes of Video Gaming and Information Technology Use in People with Schizophrenia: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Choi William TH , Yu Dan KS , Wong Terry , Lantta Tella , Yang Min , Välimäki Maritta 
Published: May 2020

Background
Information technology and video gaming have potential advantages in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, information regarding the habits and attitudes related to internet use and video gaming in people with schizophrenia is limited.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the habits and attitudes regarding video gaming and information technology usage and their associated factors in people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong.

Methods
In this cross-sectional survey, service users with schizophrenia were recruited from 6 halfway hostels and 7 integrated centers for mental wellness in Hong Kong. A 79-item self-report questionnaire was utilized to explore the habits of internet use and video gaming in these people with schizophrenia. The attitude toward video gaming was assessed using the Gaming Attitudes, Motivations, and Experiences Scales. Of the 148 individuals in a convenience sample who were invited to participate in this study, 110 willingly participated (a response rate of 74.3%). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a two-tailed independent t test, Pearson correlation, and principal analysis with 3 methods of rotation (varimax, equimax, and promax).

Results
Most participants (100/110, 90.9%) had access to the internet and half of them (54/110, 49.1%) used the internet daily mostly to watch videos (66/110, 60.0%) or read news or books, etc (42/110, 38.2%). One-third of the participants (36/110, 32.7%) used the internet to play web-based games, and most of them (88/110, 80.0%) had played a video game in the past year. The most favorable gaming platforms were cellular phones (43/88, 49%) followed by computers (19/88, 22%) and arcade cabinets (6/88, 7%). The most favorable game genre was action games (34/145, 23.4%). Those who had a bachelor’s degree or higher scored lower in social interaction than those with a lower education level (P=.03). Those who played video games daily scored higher in the category of story than those who did not play daily (t86=2.03, P=.05). The most popular gaming category was autonomy and the least popular categories were violent catharsis and violent reward. Two motives, “social playing” and “evasive playing,” were formed to describe the characteristics of playing video games.

Conclusions
Our data showed a high internet utilization rate among people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong. Only a few of them used the internet to search for health-related information. Our study also exemplified the unique habits of gaming among the participants. Health care professionals could utilize video games to engage people with schizophrenia and promote coping with stress and provide social skills training to such people with schizophrenia. Identification of the gaming attitudes can contribute to the development of serious games for the schizophrenic population. Further investigation is vital for the promotion of mental health through web-based platforms.
Benzodiazepines, Codispensed Opioids, and Mortality among Patients Initiating Long-Term In-Center Hemodialysis
Authors: Muzaale Abimereki D. , Daubresse Matthew , Bae Sunjae , Chu Nadia M. , Lentine Krista L. , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives
Mortality from benzodiazepine/opioid interactions is a growing concern in light of the opioid epidemic. Patients on hemodialysis suffer from a high burden of physical/psychiatric conditions, which are treated with benzodiazepines, and they are three times more likely to be prescribed opioids than the general population. Therefore, we studied mortality risk associated with short- and long-acting benzodiazepines and their interaction with opioids among adults initiating hemodialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The cohort of 69,368 adults initiating hemodialysis (January 2013 to December 2014) was assembled by linking US Renal Data System records to Medicare claims. Medicare claims were used to identify dispensed benzodiazepines and opioids. Using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated the mortality risk associated with benzodiazepines (time varying) and tested whether the benzodiazepine-related mortality risk differed by opioid codispensing.

Results
Within 1 year of hemodialysis initiation, 10,854 (16%) patients were dispensed a short-acting benzodiazepine, and 3262 (5%) patients were dispensed a long-acting benzodiazepine. Among those who were dispensed a benzodiazepine during follow-up, codispensing of opioids and short-acting benzodiazepines occurred among 3819 (26%) patients, and codispensing of opioids and long-acting benzodiazepines occurred among 1238 (8%) patients. Patients with an opioid prescription were more likely to be subsequently dispensed a short-acting benzodiazepine (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.59 to 1.74) or a long-acting benzodiazepine (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.20). Patients dispensed a short-acting benzodiazepine were at a 1.45-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.35 to 1.56) higher mortality risk compared with those without a short-acting benzodiazepine; among those with opioid codispensing, this risk was 1.90-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.65 to 2.18; P
interaction<0.001). In contrast, long-acting benzodiazepine dispensing was inversely associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.99) compared with no dispensing of long-acting benzodiazepine; there was no differential risk by opioid dispensing (P
interaction=0.72).

Conclusions
Codispensing of opioids and short-acting benzodiazepines is common among patients on dialysis, and it is associated with higher risk of death.