bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary fibers fractionated from gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) husk: structure and in vitro hypoglycemic effect
Authors: Meng Xianghe , Wu Congcong , Liu Haizhen , Tang Qiwen , Nie Xiaohua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) husk rich in dietary fiber is a byproduct of fructus processing, and commonly discarded as waste. The husk was fractionated by sequential extraction into four fractions: water‐soluble fiber (W‐SF), acid‐soluble fiber (Ac‐SF), alkali‐soluble fiber (Al‐SF) and insoluble residue fiber (IRF). The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in structure and in vitro hypoglycemic effect of these fibers.RESULTSMonosaccharide composition and Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that the major component might be pectin for W‐SF and Ac‐SF, xylan as well as pectin for Al‐SF and cellulose for IRF. These fibers offered excellent water‐holding capacity and swelling capacity, except that IRF was only slightly swellable in water. W‐SF exhibited significantly higher capacities to adsorb glucose (2.408 mmol g−1 at a glucose concentration of 200 mmol L−1) and inhibit α‐amylase activity (29.48–49.45% inhibition rate at a concentration of 4–8 mg mL−1), probably caused by the higher viscosity and hydration properties; while Ac‐SF, Al‐SF and IRF (especially Al‐SF) were more effective in retarding the glucose diffusion across a dialysis membrane (34.97–41.67% at 20–30 min), which might be attributed to particle size and specific surface area. All the fibers could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of α‐amylase to some degree.CONCLUSIONSDietary fiber from gardenia husk, especially W‐SF, can be used as a potential hypoglycemic ingredient in diabetic functional foods. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvement of the yield‐related response of mycorrhized Lallemantia iberica to salinity through sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria
Authors: Heydari Shabnam , Pirzad Alireza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo investigate the effects of salinity as a serious environmental limiter of productivity on the yield‐related traits of Lallemantia iberica, a split‐plot experiment was performed for 2 years (2017–2018) based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Urmia University (37°33′09″N, 45°05′53″E). The main plots included salinity stress at two levels (6.72 dS m−1, and 0.91 dS m−1 as control), and subplots were inoculants at four levels (Funneliformis mosseae, Thiobacillus sp., F. mosseae + Thiobacillus sp., and no inoculation).RESULTSIn the saline condition, serious reductions in yield and yield components (numbers of capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, and seeds per plant, 1000‐seed weight, seed and biological yields), concentrations of leaf phosphorus and potassium, and relative mycorrhizal dependency were observed, but against the harvest index the leaf sulfur and sodium contents were increased. Moreover, all morphological traits (plant height, number of branches and leaves, leaf weight, stem weight, and ratio of leaf weight to stem weight) were decreased under salinity conditions. Mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced the salinity‐induced reduction of yield and morphological traits to some extent. Inoculation with Thiobacillus had superiority in some of the yield and morphological characteristics compared with those in the non‐inoculated plants.CONCLUSIONSalinity stress can significantly affect the yield, morphological characteristics, nutrients content, and mycorrhizal dependency of L. iberica plants. This study exhibited the significant effects of single and simultaneous applications of F. mosseae and Thiobacillus on plant growth and yield in saline soils. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Field phenotyping and quality traits of grass pea genotypes in South Italy
Authors: Sellami Mohamed houssemeddine , Pulvento Cataldo , Amarowicz Ryszard , Lavini Antonella 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrass pea (Laithyrus sativusL.) is a rustic plant whose seeds are rich in polyphenols and antioxidants, and it has been consumed as food by human beings since ancient times. This study was conducted in Italy between 2017and 2019 to evaluate, under field conditions, the stability of seed yield, biomass and 1000‐seed weight (THS) and to assess the antioxidant composition and activity of 11 grass pea accessions.RESULTSAnalysis of variance revealed significant effects of the environment, accession and accession × environment (A × E) on the yield, above‐ground biomass and THS. We found that the environment (year) and A × E explained 52.61% and 23.76% of the total seed yield variation, respectively. No relationship was observed between the yield and the total protein of seeds. Most grass pea accessions showed sensitivity to frost conditions that occurred in the third growing season. The total phenolic content ranged from 50.51 to 112.78 mg 100 g−1seeds and antioxidant activity ranged from 0.576 to 0.898 mmol Trolox equivalents 100 g−1seeds and from 0.91 to 1.6 mmol Fe2+ 100 g−1seeds in 2,20‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power, respectively. Among the accessions, the ‘Campi Flegrei’ and ‘di Castelcività’ showed the best performance with the highest yield and stability, phenolic content and superior antioxidant activity.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the yield of grass pea was mainly influenced by different climate conditions. This variability in yield, phenolic content and antioxidant activity among different accessions could help breeders and farmers select high‐performance accessions for cultivation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Shelf‐life extension of pomegranate arils using chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Satureja hortensis essential oil
Authors: Amiri Azam , Ramezanian Asghar , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Hassan , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hashem , Yahia Elhadi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was conducted in two parts to improve the antimicrobial activity and stability of Satureja hortensis essential oil (SEO) and its impacts on the quality of pomegranate arils. In the first part, SEO was encapsulated by an ionic gelation technique into 142.2–267.7 nm chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs). In the second part of the experiment, the CSNPs and CSNPs‐SEO were applied to improve storability of pomegranate arils. Arils were dipped in water (control), CSNPs and CSNPs‐SEO for 5 min. After superficial water removal, arils were packed into polystyrene boxes and stored at 5 °C for 18 days.RESULTSBased on spectrophotometry analysis, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of SEO‐loaded CSNPs (CSNPs‐SEO) decreased from 26.57% to 7.41% and their loading capacity (LC) increased from 4.72% to 6.17%, respectively, upon increasing the initial SEO content from 0.125 to 0.5 g g−1 of chitosan. Phytochemicals and water content were maintained, and microbial counts were reduced in the coated arils during storage. Total phenol and antioxidant activity decreased during storage. At the end of storage, the highest total phenol content (2980.0 mg gallic acid equivalents L−1) was found in arils treated with CSNPs‐SEO, whereas ascorbic acid content was maximal (6.32 mg L−1) in arils treated with CSNPs. The encapsulation of savory essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles did not have undesirable effects in pomegranate arils.CONCLUSIONPre‐storage treatment of pomegranate arils with CSNPs‐SEO could be considered a beneficial treatment to better maintain the biochemical and sensorial quality during storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of salt stress on the growth, mineral contents, and metabolite profiles of spinach
Authors: Kim Bo‐Min , Lee Hyeon‐Jeong , Song Yeong H , Kim Hyun‐Jin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreased soil salt concentration decreases productivity and changes the physiological and chemical properties of plants. Various omics technologies have been used to understand the salt response in plants but overall changes in the metabolite profiles of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under salt stress have not been studied. In this article, therefore, the changes in mineral and metabolite profiles of spinach plants cultivated with different NaCl concentrations of 0–200 mmol L–1 in the irrigation water were analyzed to investigate the effect of salt stress on nutritional quality.RESULTSIncreasing NaCl concentration decreased plant growth due to mineral imbalance. The amounts of minerals (K+, Ca2+, and Fe2+) were reduced with increasing NaCl concentration, resulting in altered ratios of Na+:K+ and Na+:Ca2+. The change in the mineral ratios due to NaCl irrigation led to a decrease in the height and an increase in the weight of spinach. Moreover, the profiles of 32 metabolites, including flavonoids, amino acids, acidic compounds, sugars, and lipid‐related compounds, were altered by NaCl irrigation; most of them showed decreased levels. In particular, at 200 mmol L–1 NaCl, the levels of sucrose, glutamic acid, hexose sugars, and acidic compounds significantly decreased upon NaCl irrigation. Based on these metabolites, a salt‐stress‐related spinach metabolomic pathway was proposed.CONCLUSIONSodium chloride irrigation increased mineral imbalance, resulting in decreased plant growth, and the levels of most metabolites involved in energy production, sensory quality, and health benefits decreased with NaCl irrigation. The results suggest that NaCl irrigation negatively affects the nutritional quality of spinach. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of geographical origin of concentrated apple juice through analysis of stable isotopic and mineral elemental fingerprints: preliminary results
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Zhao Yan , Mu Jian , Zhang Jinjie , Zhang Ang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith increasing attention being paid to food authenticity, the geographic origin of food has become a topic of interest for both consumers and producers. As far as we know, there are relatively few studies on the origin traceability of concentrated apple juice. The most commonly used methods of origin tracing research is by using stable isotopes and mineral elements technology, because these indicators are directly related to local geographical environment.RESULTSIn this study, a discriminant model was established by determining the content of the stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O) and 13 mineral elements (B, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, V, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na, Ca and Cr) in concentrated apple juice. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) were employed for regional classification of samples. After data conversion and correlation analysis, spatial and quantitative prediction models were established using multiple linear regressions. Finally, the experimental results showed that the eight key variables(δ
13
C, δ
18
O, B, Ca, Mg, Cu, Sr and Na) selected by the analysis can be used to further characterize the production area.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the carbon and oxygen isotopes combined with certain mineral elements can be used to indicate the origin of concentrated apple juice. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Distinguishing the Effects of Life Threat, Killing Enemy Combatants, and Unjust War Events in U.S. Service Members
Authors: Krauss Stephen W. , Zust Jeffrey , Frankfurt Sheila , Kumparatana Pam , Riviere Lyndon A. , Hocut Joy , Sowden Walter J. , Adler Amy B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough previous studies have identified behavioral health risks associated with combat exposure, it is unclear which types of combat events are associated with these risks, particularly regarding contrasts among the risks associated with life‐threatening experiences, killing combatants, and exposure to unjust war events, such as killing a noncombatant or being unable to help civilian women and children. In the present study, we examined surveys from 402 soldiers following deployment (i.e., baseline) and again 13 months later (i.e., Year 1). Regression analyses were conducted across a range of behavioral health (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, suicide ideation, anxiety, somatic, insomnia, aggression) and benefit‐finding measures, each controlling for two combat event categories while assessing the predictive utility of a third. The results suggested that life‐threatening events were associated with poor behavioral health at baseline, relative risk (RR) = 10.00, but not at Year 1,RR= 2.67. At both baseline and Year 1, killing enemy combatants was not associated with behavioral health,RRs = 1.67–3.33, but was positively associated with benefit‐finding,RRs = 26.67–40.00. Exposure to unjust war events was associated with a transdiagnostic pattern of behavioral health symptoms at baseline,RR= 40.00, and Year 1,RR= 23.33. Overall, the results suggest unjust war event exposure is particularly injurious, above and beyond exposure to other combat‐related events. Future research can build on these findings to develop clearer descriptions of the combat events that might place service members at risk for moral injury and inform the development of assessment and treatment options.
Widespread Lead Exposure in Golden Eagles Captured in Montana
Authors: Domenech Robert , Shreading Adam , Ramsey Philip , McTee Michael 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTLead poisoning threatens many species of raptors, including golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Much of this lead likely comes from bullet fragments that remain in the carcasses of animals killed by hunters. The likelihood of lead exposure may peak during fall hunting seasons and early winter until carcasses from hunting become scarce. From 2011 to 2018 in western Montana, USA, we captured 91 golden eagles in winter, tested their blood lead levels (BLL), and outfitted a subset of birds (n = 29) with global positioning system [GPS] transmitters. Nearly all golden eagles (94.5%) had elevated BLL (≥10 μg/dL), and 8 of them had BLL above clinical exposure (>60 μg/dL), where they may lose coordination and experience a host of other neurological and physiological disorders. Golden eagles caught late in winter tended to have lower BLL than those caught earlier. At least 69% of the golden eagles equipped with GPS transmitters migrated northward, spending the summer throughout Alaska, USA, and northwestern Canada. Blood lead levels did not differ between migratory and nonmigratory golden eagles. Overall, elevated BLL are widespread among golden eagles throughout winter in western Montana. Promoting nonlead hunting ammunition in areas with high densities of golden eagles will reduce the birds' lead exposure. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Expression of apolipoprotein C1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: An oncogenic gene and a prognostic marker
Authors: Wang Hai‐Jun , Ma Yong‐Xiang , Wang Ai‐Hua , Jiang Yuan‐Shun , Jiang Xian‐Zhou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to explore whether APOC1 expression has a function in the biological behavior of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells and its possible mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis of data TCGA and OnComine was conducted to explore the expression pattern and prognostic value of APOC1, as well as the relationship between APOC1 expression and clinical indicators. Loss‐ and gain‐ of APOC1 function assays were carried out to assess the biological functions of APOC1. Western blotting was applied to detect protein expression. We revealed that APOC1 was upregulated in ccRCC tissues. APOC1 expression was related to gender, grade, pathologic‐T, pathologic‐stage, and pathologic‐M in patients with ccRCC. Meanwhile, Kaplan–Meier analysis evidenced that the high APOC1 expression indicated unfavorable outcomes of ccRCC. Functional experiments in vitro revealed that upregulation of APOC1 in UT33A cells promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while downregulation of APOC1 in 786‐O cells had the opposite effect. Furthermore, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was activated in cells with upregulated APOC1 but inhibited in cells with down‐regulated APOC1. Collectively, our data suggested that APOC1 was overexpressed in ccRCC cells and promoted the malignant biological behaviors and EMT of ccRCC cells.
Health Literacy and Hearing Healthcare Use
Authors: Tran Emma D. , Vaisbuch Yona , Qian Z. Jason , Fitzgerald Matthew B. , Megwalu Uchechukwu C. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo assess whether health literacy is associated with: 1) degree of hearing loss at initial presentation for audiogram and 2) hearing aid adoption for hearing aid candidates.MethodsWe identified 1376 patients who underwent audiometric testing and completed a brief health literacy questionnaire at our institution. The association between health literacy and degree of hearing loss at initial presentation was examined using linear regression, adjusted for age, gender, marital status, education level, race, language, employment status, and insurance coverage. The association between health literacy and hearing aid adoption was examined in the subset of patients identified as hearing aid candidates using logistic regression, adjusted for demographic factors and insurance coverage.ResultsPatients with inadequate health literacy were more likely to present with more severe hearing loss (adjusted mean pure‐tone average [PTA] difference, 5.38 dB, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.75 to 8.01). For hearing aid candidates (n = 472 [41.6%]), health literacy was not associated with hearing aid adoption rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.85, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.76). Hearing aid coverage through Medicaid (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.37), and moderate (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.58 to 4.69) or moderate–severe (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.16) hearing loss were associated with hearing aid adoption.ConclusionsIn our population, patients with low health literacy are more likely to present with higher degrees of hearing loss, but no less likely to obtain hearing aids compared with patients with adequate health literacy. Hearing loss severity and hearing aid coverage by insurance appear to be the main drivers of hearing aid adoption.Level of Evidence3Laryngoscope, 131:E1688–E1694, 2021
Absent Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
Authors: Yuen Sonia N. , Gengler Isabelle , Badhey Arvind K. , Tang Alice L. , Zender Chad 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveReport a unique case of absent posterior belly of digastric muscle, with a literature review and discussion of its clinical importance.MethodsPresent a case report and review the current literature including PUBMED search terms; “absent posterior digastric”, “digastric muscle”, “posterior belly”.ResultsWhile there were multiple reports of accessory anterior and posterior bellies and absence of anterior belly, there is a paucity of literature on absence of posterior belly of digastric muscle.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report of an absent posterior belly of the digastric muscle. The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is an important landmark in neck dissection, and its absence makes knowledge of other anatomic landmarks critically important. Laryngoscope, 131:1501–1502, 2021
Soil seed bank characteristics in relation to different shrub species in semiarid regions
Authors: Hadinezhad Mahbubeh , Erfanzadeh Reza , Ghelichnia Hassan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLittle information is available about the effects of different species of shrubs on the composition of the soil seed bank (SSB) in the semiarid regions. We determined the role of three dominant shrub species on SSB characteristics and evaluated their potential for their possible use in rangeland restoration projects. Fifteen sites, each containing three shrub species (Amygdalus scoparia, Daphne mezereum and Ebenus stellata) and a herbaceous patch (control) in close proximity, were sampled and their SSB density, species richness and diversity at 0–10 cm depth were determined. The results showed that the density of the SSB was highest under A. scoparia and lowest in the control. The highest SSB density of grasses was found under A. scoparia, while the highest SSB density of forbs was found under E. stellata. Species diversity of the SSB was significantly greater under E. stellata than under the other shrubs and control. This study revealed that the extent to which shrubs affected SSB characteristics did not only depend on the presence of shrubs, but also on the species of shrubs. These different roles of different species of shrubs on SSB are advised to be considered in the restoration of degraded areas through the SSB in the semiarid areas. In the case of changing management type from intensive grazing to extensive grazing or non‐grazing, the role of different shrub species in the conservation herbaceous species through their SSB can be different.
Carbon accumulation by Pinus sylvestris forest plantations after different periods of afforestation in a semiarid sandy ecosystem
Authors: Huang Ze , Cui Zeng , Liu Yu , Wu Gao‐Lin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe carbon pool is changing in afforestation ecosystems, which vary in their duration since establishment, in many semiarid sand regions. Understanding this is important for the management of the planted forest. The present study explored the dynamics of afforested forest carbon pool in a semiarid sandy ecosystem, northwest China. We studied afforested forests of pine (Pinus sylvestris) of five afforestation ages (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 years since planting, and bare sand as control), the carbon storage and carbon sequestration rate of the forest aboveground biomass layer, surface litter layer, and soil layer (0–50 cm) were calculated, and the soil water content and soil organic carbon of 0–400 cm soil depth were measured. The results showed that the carbon sequestration rate was highest after 20–30 years, with 0.58 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the soil layer (0–50 cm). We found a rate of 0.13 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the surface litter layer, and a rate of 20.79 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the forest aboveground biomass layer. The carbon storage of the forest aboveground biomass layer was highest after 30–40 years, and the carbon storage of the surface litter increased with time. In the soil layer, the carbon storage at 0–10 cm depth was highest after 60 years, the carbon storage at 20–50 cm depth increased soon after afforestation and then decreased afterward with increasing afforestation ages with the maximum for 20‐50 cm occurring after 30–40 years. The total carbon storage [the forest aboveground biomass layer, surface litter layer and soil layer (0‐50 cm)] was higher when afforestation ages reached around 30 years, after that it decreased with increasing afforestation age. Our research improves the understanding of the P. sylvestris forest ecosystem carbon sequestration in a semiarid sandy area.
miR‐32‐5p Regulates Lipid Accumulation in Intramuscular Fat of Erhualian Pigs by Suppressing KLF3
Authors: Liu Hongcheng , Wei Wei , Lin Weimin , Yu Wensai , Luo Wu , Niu Yingfang , Zhang Lifan , Chen Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntramuscular fat (IMF) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) are important traits affecting the economics of the pork industry, in which less SCF and more IMF content is desirable. However, the mechanisms that regulate IMF and SCF content are not clear yet. In this study, we demonstrate that KLF3 (Krüppel‐like factor 3) was negatively correlated with IMF content in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Erhualian pigs. In addition, the expression level of KLF3 was significantly higher in IMF than SCF. Overexpression and knockdown experiments revealed that KLF3 could suppress adipocyte differentiation in vitro by downregulating adipogenic markers, including PPARG, C/EBPA, and FABP4. Luciferase activity analysis proved that miR‐32‐5p was able to suppress KLF3. Notably, miR‐32‐5p level was negatively correlated to KLF3 mRNA level in both IMF and SCF tissues. The same relationship was proved in samples with different IMF content. Further studies showed that miR‐32‐5p could promote adipocyte differentiation via inhibiting KLF3. Our results suggest that the miR‐32‐5p‐KLF3 pathway is involved in the regulation of differential fat deposition of IMF and SCF tissues.