bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentally induced awe does not affect implicit and explicit time perception
Authors: van Elk Michiel , Rotteveel Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effects of emotion on time perception are elusive: depending on the intensity, valence and arousal of the situation, implicit and explicit time perception seems to slow down or speed up. Awe is a strong and powerful positive emotion that is typically elicited in response to vast stimuli and therefore inducing awe may be optimally suited for studying the relationship between emotion and time perception. In two studies we investigated whether the experience of awe would result in an expanded perception of time. Participants watched awe-eliciting, positive and neutral videos and simultaneously conducted a temporal bisection task, in which they classified vibrotactile stimuli as short or long. As expected awe videos elicited stronger feelings of awe than positive and control videos, while they were matched with positive videos in terms of subjective valence and arousal. However across both studies we did not find consistent effects of awe on implicit and retrospective time perception. Only in the first study, stronger subjective feelings of awe were associated with an increased dilation of time perception. The current findings indicate that lab-induced awe does not affect implicit and explicit time perception and we suggest that more ecologically valid ways to induce awe may be required in future studies.
The Impact of Turbulent Solar Wind Fluctuations on Solar Orbiter Plasma Proton Measurements
Authors: Nicolaou G. , Verscharen D. , Wicks R. T. , Owen C. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Solar Orbiter will observe the Sun and the inner heliosphere to study the connections between solar activity, coronal structure, and the origin of the solar wind. The plasma instruments on board Solar Orbiter will determine the three-dimensional velocity distribution functions of the plasma ions and electrons with high time resolution. The analysis of these distributions will determine the plasma bulk parameters, such as density, velocity, and temperature. This paper examines the effects of short-timescale plasma variations on particle measurements and the estimated bulk parameters of the plasma. For the purpose of this study, we simulate the expected observations of solar wind protons, taking into account the performance of the Proton-Alpha Sensor (PAS) on board Solar Orbiter. We particularly examine the effects of Alfvénic and slow-mode-like fluctuations, commonly observed in the solar wind on timescales of milliseconds to hours, on the observations. We do this by constructing distribution functions from modeled observations and calculate their statistical moments in order to derive plasma bulk parameters. The comparison between the derived parameters with the known input allows us to estimate the expected accuracy of Solar Orbiter proton measurements in the solar wind under typical conditions. We find that the plasma fluctuations due to these turbulence effects have only minor effects on future SWA-PAS observations.
The Seoul National University AGN Monitoring Project. II. BLR Size and Black Hole Mass of Two AGNs
Authors: Rakshit Suvendu , Woo Jong-Hak , Gallo Elena , Hodges-Kluck Edmund , Shin Jaejin , Jeon Yiseul , Bae Hyun-Jin , Baldassare Vivienne , Cho Hojin , Cho Wanjin , Foord Adi , Kang Daeun , Kang Wonseok , Karouzos Marios , Kim Minjin , Kim Taewoo , Le Huynh Anh N. , Park Daeseong , Park Songyoun , Son Donghoon , Sung Hyun-il , Bennert Vardha N. , Malkan Matthew A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) show a correlation between the size of the broad line region and the monochromatic continuum luminosity at 5100 Å, allowing black hole mass estimation based on single-epoch spectra. However, the validity of the correlation is yet to be clearly tested for high-luminosity AGNs. We present the first reverberation mapping results of the Seoul National University AGN Monitoring Project (SAMP), which is designed to focus on luminous AGNs for probing the high end of the size–luminosity relation. We report time lag measurements of two AGNs, namely, 2MASS J10261389+5237510 and SDSS J161911.24+501109.2, using the light curves obtained over an ∼1000 days period with an average cadence of 10 and 20 days, respectively, for photometry and spectroscopy monitoring. Based on a cross-correlation analysis and Hβ line width measurements, we determine the Hβ lag as

41.8

−
6.0

+
4.9

and

52.6

−
14.7

+
17.6

days in the observed frame, and black hole mass as

3.65

−
0.57

+
0.49

×

10

7

M

⊙

and

23.02

−
6.56

+
7.81

×

10

7

M

⊙

, respectively, for 2MASS J1026 and SDSS J1619.
Search for Surviving Companions of Progenitors of Young LMC SN Ia Remnants
Authors: Li 李 Chuan-Jui 傳睿 , Kerzendorf Wolfgang E. , Chu 朱 You-Hua 有花 , Chen 陳 Ting-Wan 婷琬 , Do Tuan , Gruendl Robert A. , Holmes Abigail , Ishioka Ryoko , Leibundgut Bruno , Pan 潘 Kuo-Chuan 國全 , Ricker Paul M. , Weisz Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have used two methods to search for surviving companions of Type Ia supernova progenitors in three Balmer-dominated supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud: 0519–69.0, 0505–67.9 (DEM L71), and 0548–70.4. In the first method, we use the Hubble Space Telescope photometric measurements of stars to construct color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and compare positions of stars in the CMDs with those expected from theoretical post-impact evolution of surviving main-sequence or helium star companions. No obvious candidates of surviving companions are identified in this photometric search. Future models for surviving red giant companions or with different explosion mechanisms are needed for thorough comparisons with these observations in order to make more definitive conclusions. In the second method, we use Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer observations of 0519–69.0 and DEM L71 to carry out spectroscopic analyses of stars in order to use large peculiar radial velocities as diagnostics of surviving companions. We find a star in 0519–69.0 and a star in DEM L71 moving at radial velocities of 182 ± 0 km s−1 and 213 ± 0 km s−1, respectively, more than 2.5σ from the mean radial velocity of the underlying stellar population, 264 and 270 km s−1, respectively. These stars need higher-quality spectra to investigate their abundances and rotation velocities to determine whether they are indeed surviving companions of the supernova progenitors.
Implications from Simulated Strong Gravitational Lensing Systems: Constraining Cosmological Parameters Using Gaussian Processes
Authors: Liu Tonghua , Cao Shuo , Zhang Jia , Geng Shuaibo , Liu Yuting , Ji Xuan , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Strong gravitational lensing systems (SGL) encode cosmology information in source/lens distance ratios as

, which can be used to precisely constrain cosmological parameters. In this paper, based on future measurements of 390 strong-lensing systems from the forthcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) survey, we have successfully reconstructed the distance ratio

(with the source redshift z

s
∼ 4.0) directly from the data without assuming any parametric form. A recently developed method based on a model-independent reconstruction approach, Gaussian Processes, is used in our study of these strong-lensing systems. Our results show that independent measurement of the matter density parameter (Ω
m
) can be expected from such strong-lensing statistics. More specifically, one can expect Ω
m
to be estimated at the precision of ΔΩ
m
∼ 0.015 in the concordance ΛCDM model, which provides comparable constraints on Ω
m
with Planck 2015 results. In the framework of modified gravity theory (Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati), 390 detectable galactic lenses from the future LSST survey can lead to stringent fits of ΔΩ
m
∼ 0.030. Finally, we have discussed three possible sources of systematic errors (sample incompleteness, the determination of length of lens redshift bin, and the choice of lens redshift shells), and quantified their effects on the final cosmological constraints. Our results strongly indicate that future strong-lensing surveys, with the accumulation of a larger and more accurate sample of detectable galactic lenses, will considerably benefit from the methodology described in this analysis.
Effect of Tracheal Gas Insufflation During Weaning From Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Hoffman Leslie A. , Tasota Frederick J. , Delgado Edgar , Zullo Thomas G. , Pinsky Michael R. 
Published: November 2019

• Background Tracheal gas insufflation reduces inspired tidal volume and minute ventilation in spontaneously breathing patients and may facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation.• Objective To determine if tracheal gas insufflation can reduce ventilatory demand during weaning trials in patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation.• Methods A reduction in ventilatory demand was defined as a relative decrease in tidal volume, minute ventilation, and mean inspiratory flow during trials with tracheal gas insufflation compared with the values during trials without this therapy. A total of 14 subjects underwent T-piece trials with and without insufflation (flow rate 6 L/min) on 2 consecutive days; the order of insufflation was randomized. Tidal volume, minute ventilation, and mean inspiratory flow were measured at baseline (without insufflation) and 2 hours later.• Results Differences in ventilatory demand were not significant when comparisons were made for condition (tracheal gas insufflation vs no flow) or time (baseline vs 2 hours) for the total group (P = .48). Subjects were classified post hoc as responders (n = 9) or nonresponders (n = 5). Comparisons between responders and nonresponders indicated a significant (P = .02) 3-way multivariate interaction for group (responder vs nonresponder), condition (tracheal gas insufflation vs no flow), and time (baseline vs 2 hours) for ventilatory demand variables.• Conclusion Tracheal gas insufflation can reduce ventilatory demand during weaning trials in some patients who require mechanical ventilation.
Early Predictors of Long-Term Disability After Injury
Authors: Richmond Therese S. , Kauder Donald , Hinkle Janice , Shults Justine 
Published: November 2019

• Background Improving outcomes after serious injury is important to patients, patients’ families, and healthcare providers. Identifying early risk factors for long-term disability after injury will help critical care providers recognize patients at risk.
• Objectives To identify early predictors of long-term disability after injury and to ascertain if age, level of disability before injury, posttraumatic psychological distress, and social network factors during hospitalization and recovery significantly contribute to long-term disability after injury.
• Methods A prospective, correlational design was used. Injury-specific information on 63 patients with serious, non–central nervous system injury was obtained from medical records; all other data were obtained from interviews (3 per patient) during a 2½-year period. A model was developed to test the theoretical propositions of the disabling process. Predictors of long-term disability were evaluated using path analysis in the context of structural equation modeling.
• Results Injuries were predominately due to motor vehicle crashes (37%) or violent assaults (21%). Mean Injury Severity Score was 13.46, and mean length of stay was 12 days. With structural equation modeling, 36% of the variance in long-term disability was explained by predictors present at the time of injury (age, disability before injury), during hospitalization (psychological distress), or soon after discharge (psychological distress, short-term disability after injury).
• Conclusions Disability after injury is due partly to an interplay between physical and psychological factors that can be identified soon after injury. By identifying these early predictors, patients at risk for suboptimal outcomes can be detected.
A Multisite Survey of Suctioning Techniques and Airway Management Practices
Authors: Sole Mary Lou , Byers Jacqueline F. , Ludy Jeffery E. , Zhang Ying , Banta Christine M. , Brummel Kathy 
Published: November 2019

• Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia, common in critically ill patients, is associated with microaspiration of oropharyngeal secretions and may be related to suctioning and airway management practices.• Objectives To describe institutional policies and procedures related to closed-system suctioning and airway management of intubated patients, and to compare practices of registered nurses and respiratory therapists.• Methods A descriptive, comparative, multisite study of facilities that use closed-system suctioning devices on most intubated adults was conducted. Nurses and respiratory therapists who worked at the sites completed surveys related to their practices.• Results A total of 1665 nurses and respiratory therapists at 27 sites throughout the United States responded. The typical respondent had at least 6 years’ experience with patients receiving mechanical ventilation (61%) and a baccalaureate degree or higher (54%). Most sites had policies for management of endotracheal tube cuffs (93%), hyperoxygenation (89%) and use of gloves (70%) with closed-system suctioning, and instillation of isotonic sodium chloride solution for thick secretions (74%). Only 48% of policies addressed oral care and 37% addressed oral suctioning. Nurses did more oral suctioning and oral care than respiratory therapists did, and respiratory therapists instilled sodium chloride solution more and rinsed the suctioning device more often than nurses did.• Conclusions Policies vary widely and do not always reflect current research. Consistent performance of practices such as wearing gloves for airway management and maintaining endotracheal cuff pressures must be evaluated. Collaborative, research-based policies and procedures must be developed and implemented to ensure best practices for intubated patients.
Comparison of 2 Methods for Postpyloric Placement of Enteral Feeding Tubes
Authors: Lenart Sylvia , Polissar Nayak L. 
Published: November 2019

• Background Multiple techniques are available for postpyloric placement of feeding tubes. Administration of metoclopramide and air insufflation are easily accomplished at the bedside. Variable success rates have been reported for both procedures.
• Objectives To determine which method, administration of 10 mg of metoclopramide or gastric insufflation of 350 mL of air, is superior for successful postpyloric placement of feeding tubes at the bedside.
• Methods A prospective trial consisting of 60 adult patients randomized to have a feeding tube placed by 1 of 2 methods, either after intravenous administration of 10 mg of metoclopramide or via gastric insufflation of 350 mL of air. Placement results were confirmed by radiography.
• Results Among patients receiving narcotics, the 72% successful placement rate with insufflation was significantly better than the 11% success rate achieved with metoclopramide (P &lt; .001). Among the narcotic-free patients, the 83% success rate with metoclopramide was not significantly better than the 58% success rate with insufflation (P = .37). The difference in treatment effect between narcotic and narcotic-free groups was significant (P &lt; .001).
• Conclusion Patients receiving narcotics should have feeding tubes placed via the air insufflation technique. The use of continuous or regularly scheduled administration of narcotics significantly decreases the effectiveness of metoclopramide in successful placement of feeding tubes.
Gastric Feeding in Critically Ill Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Horn Desley , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: November 2019

• Background Provision of enteral nutrition via the gastric route is a common nursing procedure in pediatric intensive care units. Little research, however, has focused on children’s tolerance of different types of gastric feeding regimens.
• Objectives To examine the relationship between 2 gastric feeding regimens, continuous and intermittent, and children’s tolerance as measured by the number of stools and prevalences of diarrhea and vomiting.
• Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in an Australian pediatric intensive care unit; 45 children were randomly assigned to either the continuous or the intermittent gastric feeding groups. Participants remained in the assigned feeding group for the duration of the study, and values of variables used to monitor patients’ tolerance were recorded.
• Results Both feeding groups were similar with respect to Pediatric Index Mortality score, age, weight, sex, diagnosis, and use of pharmacological agents known to affect the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, the 2 groups did not differ in study duration or the daily volume of administered enteral formula per kilogram of body weight. The number of stools per day and the prevalences of diarrhea and vomiting did not differ significantly between the 2 groups.
• Discussion Continuous and intermittent gastric feeding regimens have similar outcomes with respect to the number of stools per day and the prevalence of diarrhea and vomiting in pediatric intensive care patients. Further gastric feeding studies and the development of enteral feeding guidelines for critically ill children are needed.
Communication Ability, Method, and Content Among Nonspeaking Nonsurviving Patients Treated With Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Happ Mary Beth , Tuite Patricia , Dobbin Kathy , DiVirgilio-Thomas Dana , Kitutu Julius 
Published: November 2019

• Objective To describe the communication ability, methods, and content among nonspeaking nonsurviving patients treated with mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit.• Methods Fifty patients who received mechanical ventilation and died during hospitalization were randomly selected from all adult patients (N = 396) treated in 8 ICUs in a tertiary medical center during a 12-month period. Clinicians’ notes, use of physical restraints, and medication records were reviewed retrospectively. Data on communication method, use of sedation/analgesia (within 4 hours of communication event), and use of physical restraints were recorded on an investigator-developed communication event record for the first 10 communication episodes documented in each patient’s record (n = 275). Message content and method were recorded for every documented communication episode (n = 694), resulting in a total of 812 content and 771 method data codes.• Results Most charts (72%) had documentation of communication by patients at some time during mechanical ventilation. Most documented communication exchanges were between patients and nurses. Primary methods of communication were head nods, mouthing words, gesture, and writing. Physical restraints were used in half of the patients. However, most of the documented communication episodes (127/202, 62.9%) occurred when physical restraints were not in use. Communication content was primarily related to pain, symptoms, feelings, and physical needs. Patients also initiated communication about their homes, families, and conditions.• Conclusions A clinically significant proportion of nonsurviving patients treated with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit communicate to nurses, other clinicians, and family members primarily through gesture, head nods, and mouthing words.
Effect Of Kinetic Therapy on Pulmonary Complications
Authors: Ahrens Thomas , Kollef Marin , Stewart Jena , Shannon William 
Published: November 2019

• Background Optimal turning of critically ill patients is not well established. Kinetic therapy (systematic mechanical rotation of patients with 40° turns) may improve pulmonary function more than the improvement in function achieved via the standard of care (turning patients every 2 hours).• Objective To determine (1) if patients receiving mechanical ventilation who tolerate kinetic therapy have better pulmonary function than do patients treated with standard turning and (2) the cost-effectiveness of kinetic therapy.• Methods A prospective, randomized, multicenter study including 234 medical, surgical, and trauma patients (137 control patients, 97 patients receiving kinetic therapy).• Results Kinetic therapy significantly decreased the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and lobar atelectasis. The risk of pneumonia developing was lower (P = .002) in patients receiving kinetic therapy than in the control patients. The risk of lobar atelectasis developing was decreased (P = .02) for the patients receiving kinetic therapy. Lengths of stay in the intensive care unit and in the hospital did not differ between the groups. Charges for intensive care were less in the kinetic therapy group ($81 700) than in the control group ($84 958), but not significantly less. Twenty-one patients did not tolerate kinetic therapy and were not included in the analysis.• Conclusion Kinetic therapy helps prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia and lobar atelectasis in critically ill patients. Costs to rent the bed may be offset by the potential cost reduction associated with kinetic therapy.
Neonatal Staff and Advanced Practice Nurses’ Perceptions of Bereavement/End-of-Life Care of Families of Critically Ill and/or Dying Infants
Authors: Engler Arthur J. , Cusson Regina M. , Brockett Renee T. , Cannon-Heinrich Charlene , Goldberg Michelle A. , West Margaret Gorzkowski , Petow Wendy 
Published: November 2019

• Background Parents need compassionate care when an infant dies. Nurses can provide such care and possibly facilitate grieving, yet often have inadequate preparation in bereavement/end-of-life care.
• Objective To describe neonatal nurses’ perceptions of bereavement/end-of-life care of families of critically ill and/or dying infants.
• Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational mailed survey design was used. The 55-item Bereavement End-of-Life Attitudes About Care: Neonatal Nurses Scale containing 4 sections (comfort, roles, involvement, and demographics) was mailed to 240 hospitals in the United States.
• Results The final response rate was 52% (190 completed data sets from 125 hospitals). Respondents were comfortable with many aspects of bereavement/end-of-life care. Comfort and roles scores correlated significantly with number of years as a neonatal intensive care nurse. Respondents agreed about many important aspects of their roles with patients’ families, especially the importance of providing daily support to the families. Most respondents identified caring for a dying infant, the actual death of an infant, and language or cultural differences as influential factors in the level of their involvement with families.
• Conclusions Education on bereavement/end-of-life care could affect nurses’ comfort with caring for families of critically ill and/or dying infants. Additional education on cultural competence would be helpful. Educators must promote the inclusion of content on bereavement/end-of-life care in nursing curricula. Finally, researchers must focus more attention on factors that promote and inhibit bereavement/end-of-life care of families of critically ill and/or dying infants.