bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute liver injury in a patient with adult-onset Still’s disease—the challenge of differential diagnosis
Authors: Weber Sabine , Gerbes Alexander L 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
In addition to the cardinal symptoms of fever, rash and arthralgia, liver involvement in patients with adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) has been described. However, acute liver injury in AOSD patients can have various other causes: it can be a result of an AOSD-induced macrophage activation syndrome or be associated to the drugs given for the underlying diseases and symptoms. Differential diagnosis can therefore be challenging. We here present a case of a 32-year-old male with acute liver injury following the initial diagnosis of AOSD to discuss the possible underlying reasons.
Hyper IgE syndrome (Job syndrome) in Syria: a case report
Authors: Awad Rama , Kakaje Ameer 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) is a medical condition that can be sporadic or hereditary. It consists of multiple overlapping primary immunodeficiency conditions and is characterized by a classical triad of high immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, recurrent pneumonia with pneumatocele and recurrent cold skin abscesses from staphylococcus infections. Eosinophilia is also common in HIES patients. HIES is often underdiagnosed in Syria as it cannot be confirmed without genetic testing, which is unavailable across Syria for HIES. We present the first case from Syria of a suspected child with HIES that has some additional distinct features. Other cases in a regional country carried atypical novel mutations, which may indicate that these mutations may exist in Syria as well. However, our case had findings that were not reported with other HIES cases. Determining these genes in the case presented was not possible, and future studies need to overcome this hurdle.
The impact of different (rheumatoid) arthritis phenotypes on patients’ lives
Authors: Luurssen-Masurel Nathalie , Weel Angelique Elisabeth Adriana Maria , Hazes Johanna Maria Wilhelmina , de Jong Pascal Hendrik Pieter ,   the tREACH group investigators
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare patient-reported outcome (PRO) domains between three arthritis phenotypes [undifferentiated arthritis (UA), autoantibody-negative RA (RA−) and autoantibody-positive RA (RA+)] at diagnosis, after 2 years and over time.MethodsAll UA (n = 130), RA− (n = 176) and RA+ (n = 331) patients from the tREACH trial, a stratified single-blinded trial with a treat-to-target approach, were used. PRO comparisons between phenotypes at baseline and after 2 years were performed with analysis of variance, while a linear mixed model compared them over time. Effect sizes were weighted against the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) for each PRO.ResultsRA− patients had a higher disease burden compared with RA+ and UA. At baseline and after 2 years, RA− patients had more functional impairment and a poorer Physical Component Summary (PCS) compared with the other phenotypes, while they only scored worse for general health and morning stiffness duration at baseline. The MCIDs were exceeded at baseline, except for functional ability between RA+ and UA, while after 2 years only the MCID of the PCS was exceeded by RA− compared with UA and RA. After 2 years the PROs of all phenotypes improved, but PROs measuring functioning were still worse compared with the general population, even when patients had low disease activity.ConclusionRA− patients had the highest disease burden of all phenotypes. Although most patients have low disease activity after treatment, all clinical phenotypes still have a similar significant impact on patients’ lives, which is mainly physical. Therefore it is important to assess and address PROs in daily practice because of persistent disease burden despite low disease activity.Trial registrationISRCTN26791028.
OSL CHARACTERISTICS: THEORY AND EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Chruścińska Alicja , Palczewski Piotr 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fundamental effects such as the participation of crystal lattice vibrations should be taken into account while considering photo-ionisation in solids at measurement temperatures characteristic for dosimetric applications. The impact of these effects on the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) can be recognised for example by changes in the optical cross-section of the trap with the stimulation energy and the temperature. The OSL signal observed during the stimulation with variable energy, during the linear heating of a sample or during the stimulation with modulation of the shape of a spectral band can provide important information about the properties of the trap. Moreover, such methods when applied with carefully selected experimental parameters enable the effective separation of the OSL signal originating from different traps. The consequences of such an approach to optical stimulation will be presented using the modelling of the OSL process and compared with experimental results.
Clinico-Etiological Profile of Children with Pericardial Effusion in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Malgope Rahul , Basu Suprit , Sinha Malay Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Pericardial effusion may be due to various causes. With the changing scenario of newer generation antibiotics and robust immunization program our aim is to identify the change, if any, in etiology and disease menifestations.

Methodology
This is a hospital-based uni-center prospective study with a population of 30 children for a period of 1½ year. Clinico-epidemiological features, investigations, complications and short-term outcome were assessed.

Results
We found 13 (43.33%) patients having mild, 11 (36.67%) had moderate and 6 (20%) had severe pericardial effusion. Cardiac tamponade was present in six cases. Among the study population 9 (30%) patients were diagnosed as having pyogenic pericardial effusion and 8 (26.67%) had tubercular effusion. The predominant symptoms of pericardial effusion in our children were fever and tachycardia (83.33%).Other symptoms at presentation were tachycardia (76.67%), cough (63.33%), chest pain (50%), orthopnea (43.33%) and skin rash (16.67%). Pericardiocentesis was done in 14 cases (46.67%) of which 4 patients (13.33%) required pig tail catheterization.

Discussion
Infectious etiology still remains the primary cause of pericardial effusion in our country. The presenting clinical signs are very much nonspecific and also not so prominent unless hemodynamic compromisation occurs.

Conclusion
This study showed that bacterial and tubercular pericardial effusions are still two most prevalent etiological diagnosis in this part of country. Early diagnosis and treatment has good outcome.
Disability, mental health, stigma and discrimination and neglected tropical diseases
Authors: Kuper Hannah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The neglected tropical disease (NTD) agenda should include a focus on disability when ‘planning for the next decade of progress’. Millions of people are currently living with the disabling consequences of NTDs and mental health conditions are frequent among people living with NTDs. Stigma around NTDs is also common. However, these aspects of NTDs are often ignored by programmes that focus on infectious disease control. NTD programmes must broaden in scope to include provision of rehabilitation and linkages to mental health support and tackling stigma through demystifying NTDs. These efforts will promote the inclusion and well-being of people living with NTDs.
Novel NGS pipeline for virus discovery from a wide spectrum of hosts and sample types
Authors: Plyusnin Ilya , Kant Ravi , Jääskeläinen Anne J , Sironen Tarja , Holm Liisa , Vapalahti Olli , Smura Teemu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study of the microbiome data holds great potential for elucidating the biological and metabolic functioning of living organisms and their role in the environment. Metagenomic analyses have shown that humans, along with for example, domestic animals, wildlife and arthropods, are colonized by an immense community of viruses. The current Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) heightens the need to rapidly detect previously unknown viruses in an unbiased way. The increasing availability of metagenomic data in this era of next-generation sequencing (NGS), along with increasingly affordable sequencing technologies, highlight the need for reliable and comprehensive methods to manage such data. In this article, we present a novel bioinformatics pipeline called LAZYPIPE for identifying both previously known and novel viruses in host associated or environmental samples and give examples of virus discovery based on it. LAZYPIPE is a Unix-based pipeline for automated assembling and taxonomic profiling of NGS libraries implemented as a collection of C++, Perl, and R scripts.
Association of Chloride Ion and Sodium-Chloride Difference With Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Kimura Satoshi , de la Hoz Miguel Angel Armengol , Raines Nathan Hutzel , Celi Leo Anthony 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Derangements of chloride ion concentration ([Cl–]) have been shown to be associated with acute kidney injury and other adverse outcomes. For a physicochemical approach, however, chloride ion concentration should be considered with sodium ion concentration. This study aimed to examine the association of chloride ion concentration and the main strong ion difference (difference between sodium ion concentration and chloride ion concentration) during the first 24 hours after admission into ICU with the development of acute kidney injury and mortality.

Design:
Retrospective analyses using the eICU Collaborative Research Database.

Setting:
ICUs in 208 hospitals across the United States between 2014 and 2015.

Patients:
Critically ill patients who were admitted into the ICU.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 34,801 patients records were analyzed. A multivariable logistic regression analysis for the development of acute kidney injury within 7 days of ICU admission shows that, compared with main strong iron difference 32–34 mEq/as a reference, there were significantly high odds for the development of acute kidney injury in nearly all groups with main strong iron difference more than 34 mEq/L (main strong iron difference = 34–36 mEq/L, odds ratio = 1.17, p = 0.02; main strong iron difference = 38–40 mEq/L, odds ratio = 1.40, p < 0.001; main strong iron difference = 40–42 mEq/L, odds ratio = 1.46, p = 0.001; main strong iron difference > 42 mEq/L, odds ratio = 1.56, p < 0.001). With chloride ion concentration 104–106 mEq/L as a reference, the odds for acute kidney injury were significantly higher only in chloride ion concentration less than or equal to 94 mEq/L and chloride ion concentration 98–100 mEq/L groups. Analyses conducted using inverse probability weighting showed significantly greater odds for ICU mortality in all groups with main strong iron difference greater than 34mEq/L other than the 36–38mEq/L group, as well as in the less than 26-mEq/L group.

Conclusions:
Main strong iron difference measured on ICU presentation to the ICU predicts acute kidney injury within 7 days, with low and, in particular, high values representing increased risk. The association between the chloride levels and acute kidney injury is statistically insignificant in models incorporating main strong iron difference, suggesting main strong iron difference is a better predictive marker than chloride on ICU admission.
Patients’ and Their Caregivers’ Interest in Learning About Post-ICU Syndrome and Seeking Help for It
Authors: Weinhouse Gerald L. , Salomon Stacey , Nisotel Lauren , Levy-Carrick Nomi C. , Lamas Daniela 
Published: November 2020

Critical Illness Recovery Programs report low attendance. We aimed to provide information about postintensive care syndrome and to learn which patients would pursue help in a Critical Illness Recovery Clinic.
All patients who checked in to our Lung Center were given a survey regarding their ICU experience and offered information about postintensive care syndrome and an appointment in the clinic.
Nine hundred and twenty respondents reported having had an ICU experience: 37% of former ICU patients reported difficulty returning to their normal lives afterward compared with 21% who were family or close friends of a former ICU patient. Only 5% requested information and less than 1% requested a dedicated appointment.
More than one of three former ICU patients and one in five close friends or relatives of former ICU patients reported difficulty returning to their normal lives after their ICU experience. Very few pursued the opportunity to learn more about it or seek help.
Digital PCR for BCR‐ABL1 Quantification in CML: Current Applications in Clinical Practice
Authors: Kockerols Camille C.B. , Valk Peter J.M. , Levin Mark‐David , Pallisgaard Niels , Cornelissen Jan J. , Westerweel Peter E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMolecular monitoring of the BCR‐ABL1 transcript for patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has become increasingly demanding. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the routinely used method, but has limitations in quantification accuracy due to its inherent technical variation. Treatment recommendations rely on specific BCR‐ABL1 values set at timed response milestones, making precise measurement of BCR‐ABL1 a requisite. Furthermore, the sensitivity of qPCR may be insufficient to reliably quantify low levels of residual BCR‐ABL1 in patients in deep molecular response (DMR) who could qualify for an attempt to discontinue Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) therapy. We reviewed the current use of digital PCR (dPCR) as a promising alternative for response monitoring in CML. dPCR offers an absolute BCR‐ABL1 quantification at various disease levels with remarkable precision and a clinical sensitivity reaching down to at least MR5.0. Moreover, dPCR has been validated in multiple studies as prognostic marker for successful TKI treatment discontinuation, while this could not be achieved using classical qPCR. dPCR may thus prospectively be the preferred method to reliably identify patients achieving treatment milestones after initiation of TKI therapy as well as for the selection and timing for TKI discontinuation.
A Journey Through Myeloma Evolution: From the Normal Plasma Cell to Disease Complexity
Authors: Da Vià Matteo C. , Ziccheddu Bachisio , Maeda Akihiro , Bagnoli Filippo , Perrone Giulia , Bolli Niccolò 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe knowledge of cancer origin and the subsequent tracking of disease evolution represent unmet needs that will soon be within clinical reach. This will provide the opportunity to improve patient's stratification and to personalize treatments based on cancer biology along its life history. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic malignancy with a well‐known multi‐stage disease course, where such approach can sooner translate into a clinical benefit. We describe novel insights into modes and timing of disease initiation. We dissect the biology of the preclinical and pre‐malignant phases, elucidating how knowledge of the genomics of the disease and the composition of the microenvironment allow stratification of patients based on risk of disease progression. Then, we explore cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic drivers of MM evolution to symptomatic disease. Finally, we discuss how this may relate to the development of refractory disease after treatment. By integrating an evolutionary view of myeloma biology with the recent acquisitions on its clonal heterogeneity, we envision a way to drive the clinical management of the disease based on its detailed biological features more than surrogates of disease burden.
SILICONE OIL VERSUS PERFLUOROPROPANE GAS TAMPONADE DURING VITRECTOMY FOR TRACTIONAL RETINAL DETACHMENT OR FIBROUS PROLIFERATION
Authors: Rush Ryan B. , Del Valle Penella Agustin , Reinauer Robert M. , Rush Sloan W. , Bastar Pedro G. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To compare vitreous substitution with silicone oil to perfluoropropane gas in proliferative diabetic retinopathy subjects undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for the treatment of tractional retinal detachment or extensive fibrous proliferation.

Design:
Randomized clinical trial.

Methods:
Three hundred and two proliferative diabetic retinopathy subjects with tractional retinal detachment or extensive fibrous proliferation requiring PPV were enrolled into the trial. Subjects were prospectively randomized into one of two vitreous substitution groups during PPV: Group A subjects underwent 1,000 centistoke silicone oil tamponade, whereas Group B subjects underwent 14% to 16% silicone oil to perfluoropropane gas tamponade. The principal outcome was the best-corrected visual acuity at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and unplanned PPV during the 6-month trial interval.

Results:
Two hundred and fifty-eight subjects were randomized to receive a vitreous substitute and completed 6-month follow-up. Group B had better best-corrected visual acuity, more subjects ending up with 0.4 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/50) or better visual acuity, and more subjects ending up with 1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/200) or better visual acuity at 6 months compared with Group A (P < 0.001, P = 0.02, P < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, intraoperative or postoperative complications, or incidence of unplanned PPV between groups.

Conclusion:
This trial demonstrated that vitreous substitution with silicone oil to perfluoropropane gas resulted in better visual acuity at 6 months compared with silicone oil tamponade in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients undergoing PPV for tractional retinal detachment or extensive fibrous proliferation. Surgeons should consider silicone oil to perfluoropropane gas tamponade as the first-line vitreous substitute in this patient population.
Aerosol generation during phacoemulsification in live patient cataract surgery environment
Authors: Kaur Simerdip , Kopsachilis Nick , Zia Rashid 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To investigate whether phacoemulsification is an aerosol-generating procedure in a live patient environment.

Setting:
New Hayesbank Ophthalmology Services, Kent, United Kingdom.

Design:
In vivo experimental human eyes study.

Methods:
Aerosol particle counts sized 0.3 μm or lesser, more than 0.3 to 0.5 μm or lesser, more than 0.5 to 1 μm or lesser, more than 1 to 2.5 μm or lesser, more than 2.5 to 5 μm or lesser, and more than 5 to 10 μm or lesser were measured during elective phacoemulsification surgery of 25 eyes. The baseline particle count in the operating theater was measured on 2 separate days to assess for fluctuation. Then, 5 readings each during prephacoemulsification and phacoemulsification of all eyes were measured. The difference in aerosol generation during prephacoemulsification and phacoemulsification was also measured with the use of the mobile laminar air flow (LAF) machine. Finally, aerosol generation during phacoemulsification was measured using 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in measurement of aerosol between the baseline measurements on both days and between each patient's prephacoemulsification and phacoemulsification stages of surgery. The LAF system showed statistically significant reduction in particles size of 0.3 μm or lesser, more than 0.3 to 0.5 μm or lesser, more than 0.5 to 1 μm or lesser, more than 1 to 2.5 μm or lesser, more than 2.5 to 5 μm or lesser, and more than 5 to 10 μm during phacoemulsification compared with that during prephacoemulsification (P value .00 for all particle sizes, t test). The use of 2% HPMC did not show any statistically significant reduction in particle measurements.

Conclusions:
Aerosol particles sized less than 10 μm are not produced during phacoemulsification of human crystalline lens in a live patient setting. The use of a mobile LAF machine significantly reduced the number of particles sized 10 μm or lesser within the surgical field.
Systemic supplemental oxygen therapy during accelerated corneal crosslinking for progressive keratoconus: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Faramarzi Amir , Hassanpour Kiana , Rahmani Baharan , Yazdani Shahin , Kheiri Bahareh , Sadoughi Mohammad-Mehdi 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the potential additive effect of systemic supplemental oxygen administered during accelerated corneal crosslinking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus (KC).

Setting:
Academic center.

Design:
Randomized clinical trial.

Methods:
Eyes with progressive KC randomized to 3 different CXL protocols were included. The first group (OA-CXL) included 19 eyes that underwent an accelerated CXL protocol (9 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes) while receiving systemic oxygen at a rate of 5 L/min for 10 minutes. The second group consisted of 14 eyes undergoing the same accelerated CXL protocol without supplemental oxygen therapy (A-CXL). The third group (C-CXL) comprised 14 eyes undergoing conventional CXL according to the Dresden protocol. All subjects were followed up for at least 6 months. Visual acuity, keratometry and corneal biomechanical parameters including corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were measured preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively.

Results:
Reduction in maximum keratometry (Kmax) was significantly greater in the OA-CXL group (P = .01). At baseline, the mean Kmax was 54.31 ± 3.64 diopters (D) in the OA-CXL group, 54.66 ± 4.99 D in the A-CXL group, and 56.03 ± 5.28 D in the C-CXL group (P = .58), which reached 53.58 ± 3.24 D, 54.59 ± 4.65 D, and 55.87 ± 4.73 D at 6 months in the 3 study groups, respectively (P = .115). The mean CRF increased significantly only in the OA-CXL group from a baseline value of 6.32 ± 2.12 mm Hg to 7.38 ± 1.88 mm Hg at 6 months (P = .009).

Conclusions:
This study suggests superior efficacy of an accelerated CXL protocol coupled with systemic oxygen supplementation when compared with the accelerated CXL protocol and the conventional protocol in eyes with progressive KC. In addition to greater reduction in Kmax as the primary outcome, improvement in corneal biomechanics was also observed at 6 months.