bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Neural Correlates of Sexually Preferred and Sexually Nonpreferred Stimuli
Authors: Long Xipeng , Tian Fangfang , Zhou Yushan , Cheng Bochao , Jia Zhiyun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The differences and relationships between stimulus-related brain activation for sexually preferred stimuli and sexually nonpreferred stimuli are still unclear.

Aim
This study aimed to identify brain regions that were mostly associated with sexual stimuli.

Methods
We used the activation likelihood estimation, meta-analytic connectivity modelling, and behavioral domain metadata in the BrainMap database to perform this analysis.

Outcomes
We found convergent activation foci and created a model for the extended brain network involved in responses to sexual stimuli and also assessed the functional properties of these regions.

Results
A total of 34 experiments from 15 studies including 368 subjects and 343 foci were analyzed. The results showed that sexual stimuli are related to the extensive activation of the occipital-temporal-limbic system and less extensive activation of the basal ganglia. Sexually preferred stimuli activated mainly the anterior cingulate cortex and right fusiform gyrus, while sexually nonpreferred stimuli activated the limbic system, occipital gyrus, and thalamus.

Clinical Implications
To have a further understanding of the central mechanisms of human sexuality.

Strengths & Limitations
Patient characteristics and analysis techniques in the included studies were heterogeneous.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the anterior cingulate cortex is an important cognitive control area for both sexually preferred and nonpreferred stimuli. Meta-analytic connectivity modelling analysis revealed a network of the core brain areas involved in response to sexual stimuli, and behavioral domain analysis indicated that these areas have both common and discrete functional properties.
Free tissue reconstruction of the anterior skull base: A review
Authors: Bell Elizabeth Bradford , Cohen Erin R. , Sargi Zoukaa , Leibowitz Jason 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThere has been a significant shift from open craniofacial resection of the anterior skull base to endoscopic approaches that accomplish the same outcomes in tumor ablation. However, when open resection is required, free flap reconstruction is often necessary to provide sufficient well‐vascularized tissue for optimal wound healing as well as providing adequate tissue bulk for cosmesis. This articleaims to providea focused review of free flaps most commonly used in anterior skull base reconstruction.MethodsThis is a state‐of‐the‐art review based on expert opinion and previously published reviews and journal articles, queried using PubMed and Google Scholar.Results & conclusionAnterior skull base reconstruction via free tissue transfer is imperative in limiting complications and promoting healing, particularly with large defects, post‐radiation, and in at‐risk patients. The type of free flap utilized for a particular anterior skull base reconstruction should be tailored to the patient and nature of the disease. This review offers insight into the numerous reconstructive options for the free flap surgeon.
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Low ASPECTS Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Diestro Jose Danilo B. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Broocks Gabriel , Chen Karen , Hirsch Joshua A. , Kemmling Andre , Phan Kevin , Bharatha Aditya 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:The current American Heart Association guidelines for acute ischemic stroke reserve Grade 1A recommendation for the use of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) of ≥6.Objective:We aim to determine the safety and efficacy of EVT for large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke patients with low ASPECTS (5 or less).Methods:Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies appraising the outcomes of EVT for low ASPECTS ischemic stroke. A meta-analysis of proportions compared the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing EVT and those receiving best medical therapy only.Results:Nine studies (1,196 patients) were included. There was a trend (p = 0.11) toward a higher rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in the EVT group (9.2%; 95% CI 6.1–13.6; I2 53.37%) compared to the medical group (5.5%; 95% CI 3.7–8.1; I2 0%). There was no difference (p = 0.41) in the pooled 90-day mortality of EVT patients (30.7%; 95% CI 21.7–41.5; I2 84.23%) and medical patients (36.6%; 95% CI 26.4–48.1; I2 76.2%). EVT patients had better (p = 0.001) 90-day outcomes, with 27.7% (95% CI 21.8–34.5; I2 62.08%) of patients attaining a modified Rankin Scale of 0–2 compared to only 3.7% (95% CI 2.3–5.9; I2 87.21%) in the medical group.Conclusions:This meta-analysis demonstrates a trend in higher sICH among low ASPECTS patients undergoing EVT. Despite this, a significant proportion of this subset of patients still achieved good functional outcomes at 90 days. Randomized trials are necessary to substantiate this result as significant bias is inherent in the observational studies included in this review.
Evaluation Model for Hospital Response Capability for Public Health Emergency
Authors: Wang Yan-shang , Sun Hua-jun , Zou Jia-chen , Ning Jie , Du Yue 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:We aimed to explore and create an evaluation model to assess hospital response capability for a public health emergency (PHE).Methods:Grounded theory was used to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system. Combining with the index system and previous studies and policy documents, we investigated surge capability of hospitals in a PHE. The factor analysis method was used to establish the model.Results:The comprehensive evaluation system with 11 primary and 30 secondary indicators was constructed. A total of 89 secondary and tertiary hospitals were surveyed in China. The evaluation model (C = 0.587C1 + 0.151C2 + 0.140C3 + 0.122C4) was established. Four factors were identified, namely, preparation factor, treatment factor, emergency awareness factor, and prehospital first-aid factor.Conclusions:A public health emergency could bring huge losses and a capable hospital response was necessary. There was an urgent need to evaluate hospital capability for a PHE.
Decision making to discharge patients from airborne infection isolation rooms: The role of a single GeneXpert MTB/RIF strategy in Brazil
Authors: Menon Lucas José Bazzo , Feliciano Cinara Silva , de Campos Mateus Rennó , Bollela Valdes Roberto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:Tuberculosis (TB) transmission in healthcare facilities is still a concern in low-income countries, where airborne isolation rooms are scarce due to high costs. We evaluated the use of single GeneXpert MTB/RIF, the molecular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA and resistance to rifampicin (RIF) test, as an accurate and faster alternative to the current criteria of 3 negative acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears to remove patients from airborne isolation.Methods:In this real-world investigation, we evaluated the impact of a single GeneXpert MTB/RIF on the decision making for discharging patients from respiratory isolation. We enrolled patients with suspected pulmonary TB in a public hospital that provides care for high-complexity patients in Brazil. We studied the performance, costs, and time saved comparing the GeneXpert MTB/RIF with AFB smears.Results:We enrolled 644 patients in 3 groups based on the number of AFB smears performed (1, 2, and 3, respectively) on respiratory specimens. GeneXpert MTB/RIF demonstrated good performance compared to AFB smear to rule out TB in all groups. The negative predictive value for AFB smear was 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.97) and 98% (95% CIs, 0.94–0.99) for GeneXpert MTB/RIF in G3. The isolation discharge based on 3 AFB smears took 84 hours compared to 24 hours with GeneXpert MTB/RIF, which represents 560 patient-days saved in the isolation rooms.Conclusion:A single GeneXpert MTB/RIF is a fast and strong predictor for TB absence in a high-complexity hospital, which is quite similar to results obtained in recent studies in low-burden settings. This molecular test may also increase patient rotation through isolation rooms, with a positive impact in the emergency room and infectious diseases wards.
The last pteraspids (Vertebrata, Heterostraci): new material from the Middle Devonian of Alberta and Idaho
Authors: Elliott David K. , Lassiter Linda S. , Geyer Kathryn E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis report documents the last pteraspids, (armored, jawless members of the Heterostraci), which are otherwise only known from the Early Devonian of the Old Red Sandstone Continent. Tuberculate pteraspid heterostracans are described from the Middle Devonian beds of two formations in western North America. The late Givetian Yahatinda Formation of Alberta and British Columbia consists of channels cut into lower Paleozoic rocks and represents deposition in marine to littoral environments.Clavulaspis finis(Elliott et al., 2000a) new combination is redescribed from additional material from the Yahatinda Formation and reassigned to the new genusClavulaspisbecause the original genus name is invalid. The Eifelian Spring Mountain beds of Idaho consist of a large channel that represents a clastic-dominated estuarine environment. It containsScutellaspis wilsoninew genus new species, and the previously described species from the Spring Mountain beds is redescribed and reassigned toEcphymaspisnew genus, which was prompted by new material and a review of the validity of the original genus name. Phylogenetic analysis shows that these three new taxa form part of the derived clade Protaspididae.UUID:http://zoobank.org/9cf09b21-cec1-4ce4-bc2b-658d0b515e10
Effect of daily consumption of cranberry beverage on insulin sensitivity and modification of cardiovascular risk factors in adults with obesity: a pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Hsia Daniel S. , Zhang Derek J. , Beyl Robbie S. , Greenway Frank L. , Khoo Christina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCranberries are high in polyphenols, and epidemiological studies have shown that a high-polyphenol diet may reduce risk factors for diabetes and CVD. The present study aimed to determine if short-term cranberry beverage consumption would improve insulin sensitivity and other cardiovascular risk factors. Thirty-five individuals with obesity and with elevated fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance participated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-designed pilot trial. Participants consumed 450 ml of low-energy cranberry beverage or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Changes in insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors including vascular reactivity, blood pressure, RMR, glucose tolerance, lipid profiles and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. Change in insulin sensitivity via hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp was not different between the two groups. Levels of 8-isoprostane (biomarker of lipid peroxidation) decreased in the cranberry group but increased in the placebo group (–2·18 v. +20·81 pg/ml; P = 0·02). When stratified by baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, participants with high CRP levels (>4 mg/l) benefited more from cranberry consumption. In this group, significant differences in the mean change from baseline between the cranberry (n 10) and the placebo groups (n 7) in levels of TAG (–13·75 v. +10·32 %; P = 0·04), nitrate (+3·26 v. −6·28 µmol/l; P = 0·02) and 8-isoprostane (+0·32 v. +30·8 pg/ml; P = 0·05) were observed. These findings indicate that 8 weeks of daily cranberry beverage consumption may not impact insulin sensitivity but may be helpful in lowering TAG and changing certain oxidative stress biomarkers in individuals with obesity and a proinflammatory state.
Depression in Ménière's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Patel J J , Levy D A , Nguyen S A , Rizk H G , Meyer T A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMénière's disease is a debilitating chronic peripheral vestibular disorder associated with psychiatric co-morbidities, notably depression.MethodsDatabase searches were performed to identify studies that assessed depression in Ménière's disease. Metrics used to diagnose depression were extracted, along with the prevalence of depression in each study.ResultsFifteen studies from 8 different countries reported on 6587 patients. The weighted average age was 55.3 years (range, 21–88 years). Depression was measured by eight different scales, with Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale used most often. A weighted proportion of 45.9 per cent of patients (confidence interval = 28.9–63.3) were depressed. Weighted averages (± standard deviations) of Beck's Depression Inventory and the Illness Behavior Questionnaire – Dysphoria were 8.5 ± 7.9 and 2.4 ± 1.7, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of depression in patients with Ménière's disease is nearly 50 per cent. Treating otolaryngologists should have a low threshold to screen and refer appropriately. Identifying and treating depression should allow for improvement of overall quality of life in patients with Ménière's disease.
Hepatitis A outbreak in HIV-infected patients in Southeastern France: questions and responses?
Authors: Martin A. , Meddeb L. , Lagier J. C. , Colson P. , Menard A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring the 2017 European hepatitis A (HA) outbreak we assessed HA incidence in our cohort of 2300 HIV-infected patients, implemented preventive measures and evaluated practices and knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases (STD). HA incidence was assessed between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017 and included all symptomatic patients with virologically confirmed HA. Preventive measures consisted in identifying at risk and not immunised patients to propose them a free HAV vaccination, and an anonymous survey related to transmission routes of STD and to sexual behaviours. Twenty HA were diagnosed. All were homosexual men recently diagnosed with HIV and another STD. None were vaccinated against hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hospitalisation was required for 52%. We identified 250 patients at risk to acquire HAV and invited them to a free immunisation program. A total of 110 (44%) were vaccinated, of whom 74 responded to our survey. A majority of them (84%) reported recent active anal and oral sexuality with multiple (52%) male partners (81%), and ChemSex consumption (14%). Internet was the meeting link for 58%. Another STD history was found in 69%. One third of these individuals had no idea about STD transmission modes. This HA outbreak pointed the insufficient vaccine coverage against HAV and knowledge on STD, which may be improved by Internet.
Spaces and spatialities in Paris between the ninth and nineteenth centuries: urban morphology generated by the management of otherness
Authors: Noizet Hélène 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBased on the different type of ecclesiastical institutions, an analysis of the plots owned and developed by the different orders reveals that some spatial characteristics endure in the modern city. The degree of fragmentation and the nature of subsequent urban development is shown to be a function of the type of church established in the medieval period. The examples are based on detailed plot analysis in Paris.
Exploring the impact of safety behaviour use on cognitive, psychophysiological, emotional and behavioural responses during a speech task
Authors: Tutino Jessica S. , Ouimet Allison J. , Ferguson Ryan J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:There is a debate among researchers and clinicians regarding whether the judicious use of safety behaviours (SBs) during exposure therapy is helpful or detrimental. Central to this debate is the premise that SBs may interfere with one’s ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence.Aims:No study to date has assessed how SB use may impact cognitive mechanisms implicated during an exposure-like task. We investigated multiple cognitive, emotional, psychophysiological and behavioural underpinnings of exposure with and without SBs.Method:Speech anxious participants (n = 111) were randomly assigned to deliver an evaluated speech with or without SBs. Self-reported anxiety ratings and psychophysiological arousal measures were recorded at baseline, in anticipation of the speech, and following the speech. Measures of working memory, ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence, speech duration, objective and subjective speech performance, and speech task acceptability were administered.Results:There were no differences between conditions on working memory, self-reported anxiety, psychophysiological arousal, ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence, speech duration, or objective and subjective speech performance. All participants were able to gather disconfirmatory evidence. However, condition did influence willingness to deliver future speeches. Our sample was largely female undergraduate students, and we offered only a small number of specific safety behaviours.Conclusions:Judicious SB use may not necessarily be detrimental, but clients may believe them to be more helpful than they actually are.
Maternal folic acid supplementation and more prominent birth weight gain in twin birth compared with singleton birth: a cross-sectional study in northwest China
Authors: Zhang Binyan , Shang Suhang , Li Shanshan , Mi Baibing , Li Minmin , Shi Guoshuai , Ma Mao , Wang Qian , Yan Hong , Dang Shaonong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate the association of folic acid (FA) supplementation with birth weight, the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW) in singleton and twin pregnancy.Design:A population-based cross-sectional survey.Setting:Twenty counties and ten districts in Shaanxi Province of northwestern China, 2013.Participants:28 174 pregnant women with their infants, covering 27 818 single live births and 356 twin live births.Results:The prevalence of FA supplementation in singletons and twins was 63·9 and 66·3 %. The mean birth weight was 3267 (sd 459·1) g, 2525 (sd 534·0) g and 2494 (sd 539·5) g; the prevalence of SGA was 14·3, 51·4 and 53·4 %; the prevalence of LBW was 3·4, 42·4 and 46·6 % among singleton, twin A and twin B, respectively. Compared with non-users, women with FA supplementation were (β 17·3, 95 % CI 6·1, 28·4; β 166·3, 95 % CI 69·1, 263·5) associated with increased birth weight, lower risk of SGA (OR 0·85, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·92; OR 0·45, 95 % CI 0·30, 0·68) and LBW (OR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·71, 0·95; OR 0·50, 95 % CI 0·33, 0·75) in singletons and twins, and more prominent effects in twins. Moreover, there were significant interactions between FA supplementation and plurality on birth weight, SGA and LBW.Conclusions:The present study suggests the association of periconceptional 0·4 mg/d FA supplementation with increased birth weight and reduced risk of SGA and LBW in both singletons and twins, and this association may be more prominent in twins.
Diet diversity score and healthy eating index in relation to diet quality and socio-demographic factors: results from a cross-sectional national dietary survey of Swedish adolescents
Authors: Moraeus Lotta , Lindroos Anna Karin , Warensjö Lemming Eva , Mattisson Irene 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:Groups with low socio-economic status have less healthy diets and higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Using the latest Swedish national dietary survey data, we developed a healthy eating index and a diet diversity score with the aim to explore associations between the scores and socio-demographic factors.Design:Cross-sectional national dietary survey. A web-based retrospective registration of food and beverages during 2 d was used to assess dietary intake. This information was used to construct the Swedish Healthy Eating Index for Adolescents 2015 (SHEIA15) and the Riksmaten Adolescents Diet Diversity Score (RADDS). The scores were based on the latest Swedish dietary guidelines from 2015. Intakes of food and nutrients across the scores were examined. Mixed-effects multilevel models were used to assess associations between the scores and household education, sex, school grade, weight status and school municipality.Setting:School-based survey in Sweden.Participants:2905 adolescents in grades 5, 8 and 11, 56 % girls.Results:High scores on SHEIA15 and RADDS were associated with higher intake of vegetables, fish and several nutrients, and lower intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and red meat. Boys and participants in households with lower education level scored lower on both indices. Individuals with overweight/obesity scored lower on RADDS.Conclusions:The newly developed indices can be used to identify healthy eating patterns among Swedish adolescents. Both indices show that boys and adolescents from households with lower education level have poorer dietary habits. Lower diet diversity was related to overweight/obesity, but the overall healthy eating index was not.
A growing need for youth mental health services in Canada: examining trends in youth mental health from 2011 to 2018
Authors: Wiens K. , Bhattarai A. , Pedram P. , Dores A. , Williams J. , Bulloch A. , Patten S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
The mental health of youth is continually changing and requires reliable monitoring to ensure that adequate social and economic resources are allocated. This study assessed trends in mental health among Canadian youth, 12–24 years old. Specifically, we examined the prevalence of poor/fair perceived mental health, diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorders, suicidality, perceived stress and sleep problems, substance use, and mental health consultations.

Methods
Data were collected from eight cycles of the annual Canadian Community Health Survey (2011–2018). Prevalence of mental health outcomes was calculated from each survey, and meta-regression was used to assess trends over time. In the absence of a significant trend over time, the eight cycles were pooled together using meta-analysis techniques to gain precision. Trends in prevalence were assessed for the overall sample of youth (12–24 years) and separately for male and female adolescents (12–18 years) and young adults (19–24 years).

Results
The prevalence of poor/fair perceived mental health, diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders, and past-year mental health consultations increased from 2011 to 2018, most strongly among young adult females. Past-year suicidality increased among young adult females but did not change for other age and sex groups. Notably, the prevalence of binge drinking decreased by 2.4% per year for young adult males, 1.0% for young adult females and 0.7% per year for adolescent males, while staying relatively stable for adolescent females. Prevalence of cannabis use declined among adolescents before legalisation (2011–2017); however, this trend did not persist in 2018. Instead, the 2018 prevalence was 5.6% higher than the 2017 prevalence (16.3 v. 10.7%). The combined prevalence of other illicit drug use was stable at 4.6%; however, cocaine use and hallucinogens increased by approximately 0.2% per year.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight a growing need for youth mental health services, as indicated by a rise in the prevalence of diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders and past-year mental health consultations. The reason for these observed increases is less apparent – it may represent a true rise in the prevalence of mental illness, or be an artefact of change in diagnostic practices, mental health literacy or diminishing stigma. Nonetheless, the findings indicate a need for the health care system to respond to the rising demand for mental health services among youth.