bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perpendicular alignment of lymphatic endothelial cells in response to spatial gradients in wall shear stress
Authors: Michalaki Eleftheria , Surya Vinay N. , Fuller Gerald G. , Dunn Alexander R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne-way valves in the lymphatic system form from lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during embryonic development and are required for efficient tissue drainage. Although fluid flow is thought to guide both valve formation and maintenance, how this occurs at a mechanistic level remains incompletely understood. We built microfluidic devices that reproduce critical aspects of the fluid flow patterns found at sites of valvulogenesis. Using these devices, we observed that LECs replicated aspects of the early steps in valvulogenesis: cells oriented perpendicular to flow in the region of maximum wall shear stress (WSS) and exhibited enhanced nuclear localization of FOXC2, a transcription factor required for valvulogenesis. Further experiments revealed that the cell surface protein E-selectin was required for both of these responses. Our observations suggest that spatial gradients in WSS help to demarcate the locations of valve formation, and implicate E-selectin as a component of a mechanosensory process for detecting WSS gradients.
Cryo-EM study of an archaeal 30S initiation complex gives insights into evolution of translation initiation
Authors: Coureux Pierre-Damien , Lazennec-Schurdevin Christine , Bourcier Sophie , Mechulam Yves , Schmitt Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArchaeal translation initiation occurs within a macromolecular complex containing the small ribosomal subunit (30S) bound to mRNA, initiation factors aIF1, aIF1A and the ternary complex aIF2:GDPNP:Met-tRNAiMet. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structure of a 30S:mRNA:aIF1A:aIF2:GTP:Met-tRNAiMet complex from Pyrococcus abyssi at 3.2 Å resolution. It highlights archaeal features in ribosomal proteins and rRNA modifications. We find an aS21 protein, at the location of eS21 in eukaryotic ribosomes. Moreover, we identify an N-terminal extension of archaeal eL41 contacting the P site. We characterize 34 N4-acetylcytidines distributed throughout 16S rRNA, likely contributing to hyperthermostability. Without aIF1, the 30S head is stabilized and initiator tRNA is tightly bound to the P site. A network of interactions involving tRNA, mRNA, rRNA modified nucleotides and C-terminal tails of uS9, uS13 and uS19 is observed. Universal features and domain-specific idiosyncrasies of translation initiation are discussed in light of ribosomal structures from representatives of each domain of life.
Giant localised spin-Peltier effect due to ultrafast domain wall motion in antiferromagnetic metals
Authors: Otxoa R. M. , Atxitia U. , Roy P. E. , Chubykalo-Fesenko O. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSpin thermo-electric phenomena have attracted wide attention recently, e.g., the spin Peltier effect—heat generation by magnonic spin currents. Here, we find that the spin Peltier effect also manifests as a heat wave accompanying fast moving magnetic textures. High speed and extreme magnetic excitation localisation are paramount for efficient transfer of energy from the spin-degrees of freedom to electrons and lattice. While satisfying both conditions is subject to severe restrictions in ferromagnets, we find that domain walls in antiferromagnets can overcome these limitations due to their ultrahigh mobility and ultra-small widths originating from the relativistic contraction. To illustrate our findings, we show that electric current driven domain wall motion in the antiferromagnetic metal Mn2Au can carry a localised heat wave with temperature up to 1 K. Since domain walls are localised magnetic objects, this effect has the potential for nanoscale heating sensing and functionalities.
Broken adiabaticity induced by Lifshitz transition in MoS2 and WS2 single layers
Authors: Novko Dino 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe breakdown of the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation is striking dynamical phenomenon, however, it occurs only in a handful of layered materials. Here, I show that adiabaticity breaks down in doped single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides in a quite intriguing manner. Namely, significant nonadiabatic coupling, which acts on frequencies of the Raman-active modes, is prompted by a Lifshitz transition due to depopulation and population of multiple valence and conduction valleys, respectively. The outset of the latter event is shown to be dictated by the interplay of highly non-local electron-electron interaction and spin-orbit coupling. In addition, intense electron-hole pair scatterings due to electron-phonon coupling are inducing phonon linewidth modifications as a function of doping. Comprehending these intricate dynamical effects turns out to be a key for mastering characterization of electron doping in two-dimensional nano-devices by means of Raman spectroscopy.
How Much Time Do People With Aphasia Need to Respond During Picture Naming? Estimating Optimal Response Time Cutoffs Using a Multinomial Ex-Gaussian Approach
Authors: Evans William S. , Hula William D. , Quique Yina , Starns Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Aphasia is a language disorder caused by acquired brain injury, which generally involves difficulty naming objects. Naming ability is assessed by measuring picture naming, and models of naming performance have mostly focused on accuracy and excluded valuable response time (RT) information. Previous approaches have therefore ignored the issue of processing efficiency, defined here in terms of optimal RT cutoff, that is, the shortest deadline at which individual people with aphasia produce their best possible naming accuracy performance.
The goals of this study were therefore to (a) develop a novel model of aphasia picture naming that could accurately account for RT distributions across response types; (b) use this model to estimate the optimal RT cutoff for individual people with aphasia; and (c) explore the relationships between optimal RT cutoff, accuracy, naming ability, and aphasia severity.

Method
A total of 4,021 naming trials across 10 people with aphasia were scored for accuracy and RT onset. Data were fit using a novel ex-Gaussian multinomial RT model, which was then used to characterize individual optimal RT cutoffs.

Results
Overall, the model fitted the empirical data well and provided reliable individual estimates of optimal RT cutoff in picture naming. Optimal cutoffs ranged between approximately 5 and 10 s, which has important implications for assessment and treatment. There was no direct relationship between aphasia severity, naming RT, and optimal RT cutoff.

Conclusion
The multinomial ex-Gaussian modeling approach appears to be a promising and straightforward way to estimate optimal RT cutoffs in picture naming in aphasia. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Development of the Narrative Assessment Protocol-2: A Tool for Examining Young Children's Narrative Skill
Authors: Bowles Ryan P. , Justice Laura M. , Khan Kiren S. , Piasta Shayne B. , Skibbe Lori E. , Foster Tricia D. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Narrative skill, a child's ability to create a temporally sequenced account of an experience or event, is considered an important domain of children's language development. Narrative skill is strongly predictive of later language and literacy and is emphasized in curricula and educational standards. However, the need to transcribe a child's narrative and the lack of psychometrically justified scoring methods have precluded broad consideration of narrative skill among practitioners. We describe the development and validation of the Narrative Assessment Protocol-2 (NAP-2), an assessment of narrative skill for children ages 3–6 years, which uses event-based frequency scoring directly from a video recording of a child's narrative.

Method
The NAP-2 underwent a rigorous development process involving creation of four wordless picture books and associated scripts and identification of a broad item pool, including aspects of narrative microstructure and macrostructure. We collected two narratives from each of 470 children using the NAP-2 elicitation materials and scored each with the 60 items in the initial item pool.

Results
Cross-validated exploratory factor analyses indicated a single narrative skill factor. Rasch measurement analysis led to selection of 20 items that maintained high reliability while having good fit to the model and no evidence of differential item functioning across books and gender.

Conclusions
The NAP-2 offers a psychometrically sound and easy-to-use assessment of narrative skill for children ages 3–6 years. The NAP-2 is available freely online for use by speech-language pathologists, educational practitioners, and researchers.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11800779
Feature-Based Classification of Pronoun Errors: Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Fitzgerald Colleen E. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
A variety of pediatric clinical populations have difficulty with the correct use of pronouns. The available clinical literature labels these errors in inconsistent terms leading to great variation in how treatment objectives are worded. The purpose of this tutorial is to encourage a shift in pronoun assessment and treatment planning toward uniform, specific wording to assist clinicians in identifying patterns of error and selecting appropriate treatment targets.

Method
This tutorial presents a description of the 4 grammatical features of English personal pronouns: person, number, gender, and case. Within each feature description are examples of errors commonly observed in clinical practice. Also included are proposals for why each type of pronoun error occurs within different clinical populations. Recommendations for elicitation, classification of errors, goal writing, and treatment planning follow.

Conclusions
This tutorial provides clinicians with a feature-based approach to assessment and treatment planning for their clients' pronoun errors. The tutorial may facilitate clinicians' understanding of the grammatical features represented by pronouns and the features that are challenging to different pediatric clinical populations. With this information, pronoun attempts can be elicited, errors can be classified based on grammatical features, and goals can be written with regard to features to set up therapy that teaches clients relevant meaningful contrasts.
How to Provide Accessible Hearing Health Information to Promote Patient-Centered Care
Authors: Kelly-Campbell Rebecca , Manchaiah Vinaya 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This clinical focus article focuses on accessible hearing health information and is written in twofold. First, it outlines the connection between factors of patient-centered care, shared decision making, and health literacy on health outcomes. Second, it provides some practical strategies for providing and assessing accessible health information to promote patient-centeredness and shared decision making.

Conclusion
Health information accessibility will positively influence the treatment choices made by patients and the way in which they self-manage their health. Hearing health care professionals need to take proactive measures to ensure that the information provided in different mediums have easily readable language, adequate quality, suitability, understandability, and actionability to ensure accessibility of hearing health information.
Voice Rehabilitation and Resilience Work With the Commercial Singer: A Concept Piece
Authors: Muckala Jenny 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This clinical focus article presents a perspective on an approach in scaffolding vocal recovery and rehabilitation for commercial singers. The expectation in vocal performance is sound production that is repeatable, reliable, and relatable. When an artist cannot meet those standards, failure is experienced in three locations: the Body, the Head, and the Heart. Referencing each of these areas of intelligence provides a metalanguage for structuring vocal recovery and rehabilitation that goes beyond physical voice work alone. This clinical focus article discusses standards of voice production specific to commercial music, expectations of use, and what vocal demands look like on and off tour. Indirect and direct voice therapy within this niche group of professional voice users can be better tailored within this context of use and need. They need intervention that is specific to individual voice demands and uses a methodology that cultivates self-efficacy and resilience in singers as athletes. The path to vocal rehabilitation and stability extends beyond work with body mechanics and extends beyond the specific tools the voice pathologist and artist have to choose from to return to performance level production. Cultivating resilience involves intentional accessing of the Body, Head, and Heart in the moments of disintegration with the goal of meeting and bridging physical, emotional, and mental barriers for the commercial artist. The end goal is resilience when the artist returns to performance level production.

Conclusions
This clinical focus article explores the interplay between these three centers of intelligence for commercial singers within the framework of indirect and direct voice rehabilitation. This Body work can lead to maturation and resilience to support a long career using a feeling that is mechanically efficient, portable, and repeatable. The transfer of gains outside that treatment room may be more consistently realized through the incorporation of Head and Heart in early stages of intervention.
Differing Pulmonary Structural Abnormalities Detected on Pulmonary MR Imaging in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Varying Pancreatic Function
Authors: Kraus Mareen Sarah , Teufel Matthias , Esser Michael , Kiefer Lena Sophie , Fleischer Sabrina , Graepler-Mainka Ute , Hector Andreas , Tsiflikas Ilias , Schaefer Jürgen F. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose In cystic fibrosis (CF) the phenotypic expression of complaints varies widely. Genotypes with sufficient pancreatic function (PS) exhibit milder lung disease compared to CF patients with insufficient pancreatic function (PI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate structural lung disease (SLD) in CF patients with differing pancreatic status but similar results on pulmonary function testing using a pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging score (MR-CF score).
Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 20 patients in our single-center CF database were included: 10 with PS (mean age 12.5 years; six male; BMI 17.4 kg/m2; FeV1 102 %) were matched by gender, age and lung function with 10 PI patients. Experienced observers semi-quantitatively assessed SLD for each lung lobe. The established MR-CF score measures the extent and the severity of bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening, mucus plugging, centrilobular opacity, consolidation, sacculation, and air trapping. The total score and sub-score values were compared to the pancreatic status.
Results Patients with CF-PS had overall statistically significant lower MR-CF scores (p = 0.024), and therefore milder SLD, compared to CF-PI. The differences were most significant for bronchiectasis (p = 0.0042) and air trapping (p = 0.0304). SLD was more severe in the upper lobes in all patients. However, differences between CF-PS and CF-PI patients were present in both the upper and lower lung areas (p = 0.0247 and p = 0.0196, respectively).
Conclusion Our results demonstrated that CF patients with impaired pancreatic function show more severe lung pathology detected by MRI, especially bronchiectasis and air trapping.
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Citation Format
Reactions Catalyzed by 2-Halogenated Azolium Salts: From Halogen-Bond Donors to Brønsted-Acidic Salts
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: February 2020

Our research group has developed a variety of organocatalysts, especially bi- and multi-functional hydrogen-bond (HB)-donor catalysts. Since 2013, we have become interested in halogen-bond (XB) interactions in organic synthesis, and we have focused on the development of organocatalysts using XBs. Although it is difficult to develop otherwise inaccessible transformations using XBs as the primary interaction, we found several unique reactions that use XB interactions in combination with co-catalysts such as trimethylsilyl iodide, Proton Sponge, and Schreiner’s thiourea. During the synthesis of various 2-iodoazolium salts that can serve as XB donors, a ‘protonated’ 2-iodoazolium salt (a Brønsted-acidic salt) was unexpectedly obtained instead of the corresponding ‘alkylated’ 2-iodoazolium salt (XB donor). The obtained Brønsted-acidic salt is unprecedentedly effective for the N-glycosylation of amides. This account summarizes our findings in this area to date.1	Introduction2	Organoiodine-Compound-Mediated Semipinacol Rearrangement via C–X Bond Cleavage3	2-Iodoazolium-Salt-Catalyzed Reactions through Halogen Bonding (XB)3.1	TMSI-Co-catalyzed Dehydroxylative Coupling of Alcohols with ­Organosilanes3.2	Base-Co-catalyzed Umpolung Alkylation of Oxindoles with an ­Iodonium(III) Ylide3.3	Thiourea-Co-catalyzed N-Glycofunctionalization of Amides3.4	Thiourea-Co-catalyzed N-α-Glycosylation of Amides4	Catalytic Reactions Using 2-Haloazolium Salts as the Brønsted Acids4.1	N-β-Glycosylation of Amides4.2	N-β-2-Deoxyglycosylation of Amides5	Conclusions
Diachrony of code switching stages in medieval business accounts
Authors: Alcolado Carnicero José Miguel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents the results of a diachronic survey on the multilingual account books authored by the wardens of the Mercers’ premier livery company of the City of London from 1390 to 1464. The study deployed here applies an extended version of Wright’s three-stage model of code switched business writing that introduces a previous phase of Romance monolingualism and a later phase of English monolingualism. It is found that the change from Latin and French to English as the new language of business record in the London Mercers’ archives was orderly and gradual rather than straightforward, and characterised by a less predictable intervening code switching period. The analysis is of considerable value for expanding our knowledge of medieval written multilingualism, as well as for the development of English as an administrative language.
A privative derivational source for standard negation in Lokono (Arawakan)
Authors: Rybka Konrad , Michael Lev 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt has recently been argued that Arawakan languages of South America provide evidence for a novel historical source for standard negation, a privative derivational affix. This hypothesis posits that the prefixal standard negation found in some languages of the family developed from a privative prefix,ma-, present in Proto-Arawakan, that originally derived privative stative verbs from nouns. According to this account, the function of this prefix extended, in many languages of the family, to negating nominalized verbs in subordinate clauses, and then, via insubordination, to standard main clause negation, in a smaller subset of languages. The purpose of this paper is to substantiate this hypothetical trajectory in detail in a particular Arawakan language: Lokono, a highly endangered language of the Guianas. On the basis of modern linguistic fieldwork and colonial-era language materials, we show that 18th-century Lokono exhibited a standard negation construction based on the privative, and that this construction exhibits clear signs of its subordinate clause origin. We show that Lokono also exhibits the full range of functions for the privativema- that are predicted to be historical precursors to the standard negation function, substantiating the historical trajectory from privative derivation to standard negation. We conclude by observing that the prefixal standard negation strategy has lost ground since the 18th century to a standard negation particle that originally expressed constituent negation, possibly due to contact with colonial languages that employ similar strategies.
Morphological exceptionality and pathways of change
Authors: Brody Parker L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the notion of analyzing cross-linguistically uncommon morphosyntactic structures in terms of their historical development. What may seem extraordinary in the synchronic snapshot of a language can often be clearly accounted for through diachronic considerations. To illustrate this, the current study examines the typologically uncommon phenomenon of multiple exponence, the realization of the same grammatical information in multiple places within an inflected word, in the Kiranti (Tibeto-Burman) languages. Typologically speaking, we do see a strong tendency cross-linguistically towards encoding grammatical information once within an inflected word, and against multiple exponence. Yet the phenomenon of multiple exponence is attested in a number of languages. This paper presents comparative evidence from the Kiranti languages that supports the claim that multiple exponence in synthetic verbs in the modern Kiranti languages comes as a result of the interaction between language(family)-specific typology (multiple agreement in periphrastic verbs) and an uncontroversial language change process (coalescence of periphrastic forms into synthetic forms).
A corpus-based study of academic word use in EFL student
writing
Authors: Csomay Eniko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Many corpus-based studies focus on the use of
academic vocabulary in journal articles and textbooks while creating
vocabulary lists and argue for the teaching of such lists, but few
examine how students employ those words in their writing. The
present study investigates English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
learners’ use of academic vocabulary in their writing assignments as
they attend a dual-degree program in STEM fields in Tbilisi,
Georgia. Over a thousand student papers from their General Education
courses are examined for their use of academic vocabulary, using
Gardner and Davies’
(2014) Academic Vocabulary List. Results show variation
in students’ academic vocabulary use and quantity while progressing
in their studies and as they produce the different text-types in
their coursework.
Combining rhetorical move analysis with multi-dimensional
analysis
Authors: Gray Bethany , Cotos Elena , Smith Jordan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We carry out comprehensive form–function
mapping in Introduction-Methods-Results-Discussion/Conclusion –
structured research articles across 30 academic disciplines by
merging move analysis (revealing rhetorical structure) and
multi-dimensional (MD) analysis (modeling patterns of linguistic
variation). These two analytic paradigms converge to map the
communicative functions of text segments with patterns of functional
linguistic variation, but the juxtaposition of these two approaches
requires adaptations to the traditional MD methodology. The primary
purpose of this chapter is to provide a detailed account of the
methodological complexities of combining MD analysis and move
analysis. We briefly present the results of the MD analysis,
acknowledging that further methodological adjustments may be needed
to arrive at an optimal multi-dimensional description of moves.