bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous thrombectomy in patients with massive and very high‐risk submassive acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Toma Catalin , Khandhar Sameer , Zalewski Adrian M. , D'Auria Stephen J. , Tu Thomas M. , Jaber Wissam A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveExamine FlowTriever thrombectomy feasibility in high‐risk PE patients.BackgroundThe FlowTriever thrombectomy system (Inari Medical, Irvine, CA) can reduce right ventricle (RV) strain in acute submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) patients. This technology has not been studied in higher risk PE patients.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective analysis included patients treated with FlowTriever between 2017 and 2019 if they met at least one of the following: vasopressor dependence, PE induced respiratory failure, or decreased cardiac index (CI) measured by right heart catheterization.ResultsAnalysis included 34 patients: 18 massive, four intubated, 12 normotensive but with CI < 1.8. Average age was 56 and their median simplified PE severity index was 2. Patients had high bleeding risk, with 13 having recent surgery, six posttrauma, and four recent strokes. Six patients received cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and two received additional mechanical circulatory support. All patients had RV dilatation and elevated biomarkers. Clot removal was successful in 32/34 patients. CI improved from 2.0 ± 0.1 L/min/m2 before thrombectomy to 2.4 ± 0.1 L/min/m2 after (p = .01). The mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 33.2 ± 1.6 mmHg to 25.0 ± 1.5 mmHg (p = .01). The two patients—both with no or minimal thrombus removed—deteriorated during the procedure: one died and the other was successfully stabilized on ECMO. There were no other major complications. All other patients were alive at the time of data collection (mean follow‐up of 205 days).ConclusionAspiration thrombectomy appears feasible in higher risk acute PE patients with immediate hemodynamic improvement and low in‐hospital mortality.
Staged reconstruction of hemimaxillectomy defect: Application of buccal fat pad flap, iliac bone graft and implant‐supported dental prostheses
Authors: Hassani Ali , Hasheminasab Mahboube , Nikparto Nariman , Kamali Hakim Lotfollah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn order to achieve a fixed implant‐supported prosthesis in a posthemimaxilectomy patient, ideal soft and hard tissue rehabilitation is necessary. Here, we present a staged approach for soft tissue reconstruction with local flaps followed by anterior iliac crest bone graft which resulted in a predictable and satisfactory outcome.
Intrathoracic schwannoma originating from intrathoracic vagus nerve
Authors: Samanidis George , Kanakis Meletios , Kaklamanis Loukas , Perrea Despina N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn differential diagnosis of posterior mediastinal mass should be included the intrathoracic vagus nerve tumor. Surgical excision of intrathoracic vagus nerve schwannoma is associated with a low recurrence rate and excellent long‐term results.
EBC‐232 and 323: A Structural Conundrum Necessitating Unification of Five In Silico Prediction and Elucidation Methods**
Authors: Maslovskaya Lidia A. , Savchenko Andrei I. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Chow Sharon , Holt Tina , Gordon Victoria A. , Reddell Paul W. , Pierce Carly J. , Parsons Peter G. , Boyle Glen M. , Kutateladze Andrei G. , Williams Craig M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStructurally unique halimanes EBC‐232 and EBC‐323, isolated from the Australian rainforest plant Croton insularis, proved considerably difficult to elucidate. The two diastereomers, which consist an unusual oxo‐6,7‐spiro ring system fused to a dihydrofuran, were solved by unification and consultation of five in silico NMR elucidation and prediction methods [i.e., ACDLabs, olefin strain energy (OSE), DP4, DU8+ and TD DFT CD]. Structure elucidation challenges of this nature are prime test case examples for empowering future AI learning in structure elucidation.
A Unified Framework for Understanding Nucleophilicity and Protophilicity in the SN2/E2 Competition
Authors: Vermeeren Pascal , Hansen Thomas , Jansen Paul , Swart Marcel , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe concepts of nucleophilicity and protophilicity are fundamental and ubiquitous in chemistry. A case in point is bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) and base‐induced elimination (E2). A Lewis base acting as a strong nucleophile is needed for SN2 reactions, whereas a Lewis base acting as a strong protophile (i.e., base) is required for E2 reactions. A complicating factor is, however, the fact that a good nucleophile is often a strong protophile. Nevertheless, a sound, physical model that explains, in a transparent manner, when an electron‐rich Lewis base acts as a protophile or a nucleophile, which is not just phenomenological, is currently lacking in the literature. To address this fundamental question, the potential energy surfaces of the SN2 and E2 reactions of X−+C2H5Y model systems with X, Y = F, Cl, Br, I, and At, are explored by using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐OLYP/TZ2P. These explorations have yielded a consistent overview of reactivity trends over a wide range in reactivity and pathways. Activation strain analyses of these reactions reveal the factors that determine the shape of the potential energy surfaces and hence govern the propensity of the Lewis base to act as a nucleophile or protophile. The concepts of “characteristic distortivity” and “transition state acidity” of a reaction are introduced, which have the potential to enable chemists to better understand and design reactions for synthesis.
Metal‐Free Twofold Electrochemical C−H Amination of Activated Arenes: Application to Medicinally Relevant Precursor Synthesis
Authors: Wesenberg Lars J. , Diehl Erika , Zähringer Till J. B. , Dörr Carolin , Schollmeyer Dieter , Shimizu Akihiro , Yoshida Jun‐ichi , Hellmich Ute A. , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe efficient production of many medicinally or synthetically important starting materials suffers from wasteful or toxic precursors for the synthesis. In particular, the aromatic non‐protected primary amine function represents a versatile synthetic precursor, but its synthesis typically requires toxic oxidizing agents and transition metal catalysts. The twofold electrochemical amination of activated benzene derivatives via Zincke intermediates provides an alternative sustainable strategy for the formation of new C−N bonds of high synthetic value. As a proof of concept, we use our approach to generate a benzoxazinone scaffold that gained attention as a starting structure against castrate‐resistant prostate cancer. Further improvement of the structure led to significantly increased cancer cell line toxicity. Thus, exploiting environmentally benign electrooxidation, we present a new versatile and powerful method based on direct C−H activation that is applicable for example the production of medicinally relevant compounds.
A Rapid and Facile Approach for the Recycling of High‐Performance LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 Active Materials
Authors: Binder Jan O. , Culver Sean P. , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Janek Jürgen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe demand for lithium‐ion batteries has risen dramatically over the years. Unfortunately, many of the essential component materials, such as cobalt and lithium, are both costly and of limited abundance. For this reason, the recycling of lithium‐ion battery electrodes is crucial to ensuring the availability of such resources and protecting the environment. Herein, a simple and scalable recycling process was developed for the prototypical cathode active material Li1.02(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)0.98O2 (NCM‐811). By a combination of thermal decomposition and dissolution steps, spent NCM could be converted into Li2CO3 and a transition metal oxalate blend, which served as precursors for new NCM. Importantly, it was also possible to individually separate each transition metal during the recycling process, thereby extending the utility of this method to a wide variety of NCM compositions. Each intermediate in the process was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Additionally, the elemental composition of the recycled NCM‐811 was confirmed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the recycled NCM‐811 exhibited up to 80 % of the initial capacity of pristine NCM‐811. The method presented herein serves as an efficient and environmentally benign alternative to existing recycling methods for lithium‐ion battery electrode materials.
Concomitant neuroendocrine tumor and gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a duodenal fine needle aspiration: A cytologic clue for neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Tran Tien Anh N. , Rosales Armando , Arnoletti J. Pablo , Ouyang Jie , Hasan Muhammad K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe identification of two cell populations displaying different cytologic characteristics in the same fine needle aspiration (FNA), one with an epithelioid appearance and the other spindle cell morphology, is an extremely rare phenomenon and potentially represents a source of diagnostic confusion. Depending on the lineage and relationship of the two cell types, the differential diagnosis is broad and encompasses a wide spectrum of entities. The current case describes the presence of nests and clusters of neuroendocrine cells associated with rare spindle cell fragments of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in the same fine needle aspiration of a duodenal mass. Our literature analysis revealed that such combined cytologic findings were hitherto never reported and the concurrence of well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and GIST is almost pathognomonic for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1).
Network analysis can guide resilience‐based management in forest landscapes under global change
Authors: Mina Marco , Messier Christian , Duveneck Matthew , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Aquilué Núria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractForests are projected to undergo dramatic compositional and structural shifts prompted by global changes, such as climatic changes and intensifying natural disturbance regimes. Future uncertainty makes planning for forest management exceptionally difficult, demanding novel approaches to maintain or improve the ability of forest ecosystems to respond and rapidly reorganize after disturbance events. Adopting a landscape perspective in forest management is particularly important in fragmented forest landscapes where both diversity and connectivity play key roles in determining resilience to global change. In this context, network analysis and functional traits combined with ecological dynamic modeling can help evaluate changes in functional response diversity and connectivity within and among forest stands in fragmented landscapes. Here, we coupled ecological dynamic modeling with functional traits analysis and network theory to analyze forested landscapes as an interconnected network of forest patches. We simulated future forest landscape dynamics in a large landscape in southern Quebec, Canada, under a combination of climate, disturbance, and management scenarios. We depicted the landscape as a functional network, assessed changes in future resilience using indicators at multiple spatial scales, and evaluated if current management practices are suitable for maintaining resilience to simulated changes in regimes. Our results show that climate change would promote forest productivity and favor heat‐adapted deciduous species. Changes in natural disturbances will likely have negative impacts on native conifers and will drive changes in forest type composition. Climate change negatively impacted all resilience indicators and triggered losses of functional response diversity and connectivity across the landscape with undesirable consequences on the capacity of these forests to adapt to global change. Also, current management strategies failed to promote resilience at different spatial levels, highlighting the need for a more active and thoughtful approach to forest management under global change. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of combining dynamic landscape‐scale simulation modeling with network analyses to evaluate the possible impacts of climate change as well as human and natural disturbances on forest resilience under global change.
Are there phylogenetic differences in salivary tannin‐binding proteins between browsers and grazers, and ruminants and hindgut fermenters?
Authors: Ward David , Schmitt Melissa H. , Shrader Adrian M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile feeding, mammalian browsers (primarily eat woody plants) encounter secondary metabolites such as tannins. Browsers may bind these tannins using salivary proteins, whereas mammalian grazers (primarily eat grasses that generally lack tannins) likely would not. Ruminant browsers rechew their food (ruminate) to increase the effectiveness of digestion, which may make them more effective at binding tannins than nonruminants. Few studies have included a sufficient number of species to consider possible scaling with body mass or phylogenetic effects on salivary proteins. Controlling for phylogeny, we ran inhibition radial diffusion assays of the saliva of 28 species of African herbivores that varied in size, feeding strategy, and digestive system. We could not detect the presence of salivary proline‐rich proteins that bind tannins in any of these species. However, using the inhibition radial diffusion assay, we found considerable abilities to cope with tannins in all species, albeit to varying degrees. We found no differences between browsers and grazers in the effectiveness of their salivary proteins to bind to and precipitate tannins, nor between ruminants and nonruminants, or scaling with body mass. Three species bound all tannins, but their feeding niches included one browser (gray duiker), one mixed feeder (bush pig), and one grazer (red hartebeest). Five closely related species of small ruminant browsers were very effective in binding tannins. Megaherbivores, considered generalists on account of their large body size, were capable of binding tannins. However, the grazing white rhinoceros was almost as effective at binding tannins as the megaherbivore browsers. We conclude, contrary to earlier predictions, that there were no differences in the relative salivary tannin‐binding capability that was related to common ancestry (phylogeny) or to differences in body size.
Distance effects of gas field infrastructure on pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming
Authors: Germaine Steve S. , Assal Timothy , Freeman Aaron , Carter Sarah K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs domestic energy development activity continues in the western United States, wildlife conservation planning in affected regions is increasingly important. The geologic basins where oil and gas energy exploration is occurring are primarily sagebrush steppe rangelands. Sagebrush steppe habitats may support more than 20 vertebrate species of conservation concern, and for many of these species, information is lacking on the effects of gas energy development. In earlier work, we demonstrated a negative relationship among development density of gas field infrastructure and pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis). We now examine the spatial relationship among gas field infrastructure, pygmy rabbits, and their habitat on four major gas fields in southwest Wyoming. Using data collected from 120 plots over three years (2011–2013) and 2012 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, we evaluated (1) whether well pads are more likely to be located in areas of pygmy rabbit habitat, (2) whether the presence and abundance of pygmy rabbits are related to distance from infrastructure, and, if so, (3) how much of the total surface area on a gas field is affected. Well pads on three gas fields occurred in higher quality pygmy rabbit habitat than did a set of randomly generated points, and the abundance and probability of pygmy rabbits being present were lower within approximately 0.5–1.5 km of the nearest road and 2 km of well pads and utilities. Buffering a digital layer of roads and well pads on one gas field revealed that nearly 82% of the (4417 km2) surface area was within 1 km of infrastructure, and over 95% of the gas field surface area was within 2 km. This need not be the case on future gas fields. Directional and horizontal well drilling technologies now make it possible for gas to be recovered from a greater area per well pad, enabling future gas field developments that require fewer well pads, roads, and pipeline corridors. Such changes would enable increased well pad spacing and provide the opportunity to locate gas field infrastructure in areas of poor quality wildlife habitat, avoid high priority habitat, and conserve a greater amount of on‐field wildlife habitat overall.
Examining boreal forest resilience to temperature variability using bryophytes: forest type matters
Authors: Barbé Marion , Bouchard Mathieu , Fenton Nicole J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe capacity of individual species to tolerate environmental changes is a major driver of ecosystem resilience. This subject has been a hot topic in boreal forests due to the greater effect of climate change anticipated at northern latitudes. However, to date it has been mainly examined for trees, with comparatively little emphasis on other species groups. In this study, bryophytes were sampled in the boreal forest of Québec (Canada) using a stratified sampling design allowing us to separate the effect of dominant canopy composition (two types: coniferous and mixedwood) and of the spatial climatic gradient (relatively warm and relatively cold sites) on bryophyte community structure (species richness and composition). The results indicated that bryophyte composition was different between coniferous and mixedwood stands. The impacts of spatial variation in climate were more visible in mixedwood than coniferous stands, indicating an interaction between stand type and climate. Specifically, bryophytes from mixedwood stands, and particularly specialist communities associated with deadwood and live tree bases, were climate‐sensitive and represent a potential target group to investigate the effects of climate change. In contrast, bryophyte communities from coniferous stands are stand structure‐sensitive, with little response to climate, presumably partly because coniferous canopies buffer climatic variations. Since bryophyte community sensitivity to regional variations in climatic conditions depends on dominant canopy characteristics and microhabitat availability, we suggest that adapted forest management practices could play a role in attenuating climate change impacts on these organisms.
Soil fertility status controls the decomposition of litter mixture residues
Authors: Blesh Jennifer , Ying Tianyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncreasing agroecosystem biodiversity with cover crops can restore many ecosystem functions that are lost with simplified crop rotations. Mixtures of species with complementary plant traits, such as legumes and grasses, may increase multiple functions at once, including soil nutrient supply and retention, which depend on microbial decomposition dynamics. Litter mixtures can stimulate decomposition compared to individual species, and decomposition also varies with soil properties. However, the interactive effect of cover crop functional type and soil fertility status on decomposition are not known. Here, we tested for mixture effects with a legume–grass litter in soils with lower and higher levels of fertility. We also identified specific soil properties that are associated with those effects. We incubated hairy vetch, cereal rye, and vetch‐rye litter treatments for 360 d in two soils from fields with contrasting management histories and fertility levels, as defined by biological indicators such as particulate organic matter (POM) pools. We measured decomposition dynamics through respired CO2, microbial biomass, microbial extracellular enzyme activity, and inorganic nitrogen (N) mineralization. With no litter addition, the soil with larger POM pools had twofold greater microbial biomass C, seven times more net N mineralization, and respired 58% more CO2. Across both soils, after 30 d microbial biomass C increased by 58–208% following litter addition, and litter addition significantly increased CO2production compared to the no‐litter control. However, there was no difference in the magnitude of CO2production among cover crop treatments and soils after litter addition. The lower fertility soil had a greater response to the litter C input for CO2production and enzyme activities in soil. Furthermore, the size and N content of free and intra‐aggregate POM pools were associated with differences in the microbial response to litter addition. Our results demonstrate that cover crop litter affects microbial decomposition dynamics differently in soils with distinct soil fertility levels and suggests that new C inputs have larger effects in lower fertility soils. Understanding how soils with different fertility levels respond to diverse cover crops, including mixtures, will inform management of agroecosystems for sustainability.
Adiponectin, ALT and family history as critical markers for the development of type 2 diabetes in obese Japanese children
Authors: Yasuda Yuki , Miyake Nobuka , Matsuoka Hisafumi , Sugihara Shigetaka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionAn association between the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and that of metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese children has been suggested. We clarified the critical markers for the development of T2D in obese Japanese children.MethodsOne hundred and seven obese children who visited our outpatient clinic were enrolled in this study. The obese subjects were divided into 3 groups: Group A, T2D (n = 19); Group B, MS but not T2D (n = 19); and Group C: non‐T2D, non‐MS (n = 69). In all the subjects, a biochemical examination was performed and the serum adiponectin and leptin levels were measured. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured using computed tomography images.ResultsGroup A tended to have higher VAT values and VAT/SAT ratios and lower leptin and adiponectin levels, compared with Groups B and C. In Group A, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was significantly higher and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio was significantly lower than in Group C. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the optimal cut‐off point for adiponectin was 6.4 μg/mL (AUC = 0.859). The cut‐off points for ALT, the AST/ALT ratio and VAT were 35 IU/L (AUC = 0.821), 0.85 (AUC = 0.794) and 78 cm2 (AUC = 0.713), respectively. Group A had a significantly higher frequency of a family history of T2D than Group B.ConclusionsOur study revealed that the adiponectin level, ALT level, AST/ALT ratio, VAT value and a family history of T2D may be critical characteristic markers for T2D among obese Japanese children.