bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(Sarcosine) Surface Modification Imparts Stealth‐Like Properties to Liposomes
Authors: Bleher Stefan , Buck Jonas , Muhl Christian , Sieber Sandro , Barnert Sabine , Witzigmann Dominik , Huwyler Jörg , Barz Matthias , Süss Regine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCirculation lifetime is a crucial parameter for a successful therapy with nanoparticles. Reduction and alteration of opsonization profiles by surface modification of nanoparticles is the main strategy to achieve this objective. In clinical settings, PEGylation is the most relevant strategy to enhance blood circulation, yet it has drawbacks, including hypersensitivity reactions in some patients treated with PEGylated nanoparticles, which fuel the search for alternative strategies. In this work, lipopolysarcosine derivatives (BA‐pSar, bisalkyl polysarcosine) with precise chain lengths and low polydispersity indices are synthesized, characterized, and incorporated into the bilayer of preformed liposomes via a post insertion technique. Successful incorporation of BA‐pSar can be realized in a clinically relevant liposomal formulation. Furthermore, BA‐pSar provides excellent surface charge shielding potential for charged liposomes and renders their surface neutral. Pharmacokinetic investigations in a zebrafish model show enhanced circulation properties and reduction in macrophage recognition, matching the behavior of PEGylated liposomes. Moreover, complement activation, which is a key factor in hypersensitivity reactions caused by PEGylated liposomes, can be reduced by modifying the surface of liposomes with an acetylated BA‐pSar derivative. Hence, this study presents an alternative surface modification strategy with similar benefits as the established PEGylation of nanoparticles, but with the potential of reducing its drawbacks.
Thermally Activated Upconversion Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence from Carbon Dots Synthesized via Microwave Assisted Exfoliation
Authors: Li Di , Liang Chao , Ushakova Elena V. , Sun Minghong , Huang Xiaodan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Jing Pengtao , Yoo Seung Jo , Kim Jin‐Gyu , Liu Enshan , Zhang Wei , Jing Lihong , Xing Guichuan , Zheng Weitao , Tang Zikang , Qu Songnan , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUpconversion near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are important for imaging applications. Herein, thermally activated upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) in the NIR region, with an emission peak at 784 nm, which appears under 808 nm continuous‐wave laser excitation, are realized in the NIR absorbing/emissive CDs (NIR‐CDs). The NIR‐CDs are synthesized by microwave‐assisted exfoliation of red emissive CDs in dimethylformamide, and feature single or few‐layered graphene‐like cores. This structure provides an enhanced contact area of the graphene‐like plates in the core with the electron‐acceptor carbonyl groups in dimethylformamide, which contributes to the main NIR absorption band peaked at 724 nm and a tail band in 800–850 nm. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence spectra and transient absorption spectra confirm that the UCPL of NIR‐CDs is due to the thermally activated electron transitions in the excited state, rather than the multiphoton absorption process. Temperature dependent upconversion NIR luminescence imaging is demonstrated for NIR‐CDs embedded in a polyvinyl pyrrolidone film, and the NIR upconversion luminescence imaging in vivo using NIR‐CDs in a mouse model is accomplished.
Bridge across the Schorgast Valley – design process for an exciting cable‐stayed bridge
Authors: Schäpertöns Bernhard , Schäfer Daniel , Näßl Andreas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKurita‐Albrecht Best Technical Paper Award – Steel at 12th Japan German Bridge Symposium, September 2018 in MunichThe bridge across the Schorgast Valley is based on a competition‐winning design. It comprises an overhead structure consisting of six pylons each with 10 stay cables and a slender composite cross‐section with a torsion‐resistant steel box as the bridge superstructure.The jury concluded that the competition submission was a self‐assured accomplishment integrating harmoniously into the sensitive landscape of the Schorgast Valley. The substructure solution shows great transparency, emphasizing the significance of the superstructure. All in all, the design is a convincing contribution to the region's building culture characterized by innovative spirit and creative power.The structural analysis of the cross‐girders and the supporting frame structures is explained in this article. To this end, the section forces from the global model were applied to a local finite element model.
Snow loads on flat roofs with elevated solar panel arrays
Authors: Grammou Natascha , Pertermann Ina , Puthli Ram 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe installation of solar (or photovoltaic, PV) panels (also arrays) on flat roofs is becoming increasingly popular. Experimental investigations have not only provided qualitative results for snow load distributions, but also quantitative results that enable snow load shape coefficients to be derived for flat roofs with elevated PV arrays. Small‐scale water flume tests were carried out to analyse how the presence of PV arrays can influence wind‐induced snow accumulations. The laws of physical similarity between model and climatic data were used for this. The tests were carried out at the Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management at the Technical University of Darmstadt. Recently, design models for snow loads on flat roofs with elevated solar arrays have been published in draft versions of the Eurocode prEN 1991‐1‐3, currently under review. They are based on regulations soon to be published in a new German National Annex to the existing Eurocode DIN EN 1991‐1‐3/NA:2019. In this paper it is shown that these draft models are not suitable for every climatic condition. Research results and alternative criteria are discussed on the basis of the investigations.
CD10 expression identifies a subset of human perivascular progenitor cells with high proliferation and calcification potentials
Authors: Ding Lijun , Vezzani Bianca , Khan Nusrat , Su Jing , Xu Lu , Yan Guijun , Liu Yong , Li Ruotian , Gaur Anushri , Diao Zhenyu , Hu Yali , Yang Zhongzhou , Hardy W. Reef , James Aaron W. , Sun Haixiang , Péault Bruno 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The tunica adventitia ensheathes arteries and veins and contains presumptive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) involved in vascular remodeling. We show here that a subset of human adventitial cells express the CD10/CALLA cell surface metalloprotease. Both CD10+ and CD10− adventitial cells displayed phenotypic features of MSCs when expanded in culture. However, CD10+ adventitial cells exhibited higher proliferation, clonogenic and osteogenic potentials in comparison to their CD10− counterparts. CD10+ adventitial cells increased expression of the cell cycle protein CCND2 via ERK1/2 signaling and osteoblastogenic gene expression via NF-κB signaling. CD10 expression was upregulated in adventitial cells through sonic hedgehog-mediated GLI1 signaling. These results suggest that CD10, which marks rapidly dividing cells in other normal and malignant cell lineages, plays a role in perivascular MSC function and cell fate specification. These findings also point to a role for CD10+ perivascular cells in vascular remodeling and calcification.

Significance statement Perivascular adventitial cells include multipotent progenitor cells giving rise in culture to mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. The present data show that a subset of human adventitial cells natively express the CD10 surface marker, regulated by sonic hedgehog/GLI1 signaling. Purified CD10+ adventitial cells exhibit high proliferative, clonogenic and osteogenic potentials, suggesting a role in pathologic vascular remodeling.
Wnt5a promotes differentiation and development of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus by noncanonical Wnt signaling
Authors: Arredondo Sebastian B. , Guerrero Fernanda G. , Herrera-Soto Andrea , Jensen-Flores Joaquin , Bustamante Daniel B. , Oñate-Ponce Alejandro , Henny Pablo , Varas-Godoy Manuel , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. , Varela-Nallar Lorena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the adult hippocampus, new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus. The Wnt signaling pathway regulates this process, but little is known about the endogenous Wnt ligands involved. We investigated the role of Wnt5a on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Wnt5a regulates neuronal morphogenesis during embryonic development, and maintains dendritic architecture of pyramidal neurons in the adult hippocampus. Here, we determined that Wnt5a knockdown in the mouse dentate gyrus by lentivirus-mediated shRNA impaired neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells, and reduced dendritic development of adult-born neurons. In cultured adult hippocampal progenitors (AHPs), Wnt5a knockdown reduced neuronal differentiation and morphological development of AHP-derived neurons, whereas treatment with Wnt5a had the opposite effect. Interestingly, no changes in astrocytic differentiation were observed in vivo or in vitro, suggesting that Wnt5a does not affect fate-commitment. By using specific inhibitors, we determined that Wnt5a signals through CaMKII to induce neurogenesis, and promotes dendritic development of newborn neurons through activating Wnt/JNK and Wnt/CaMKII signaling. Our results indicate Wnt5a as a niche factor in the adult hippocampus that promotes neuronal differentiation and development through activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways.
Automatic label‐free detection of breast cancer using nonlinear multimodal imaging and the convolutional neural network ResNet50
Authors: Ali Nairveen , Quansah Elsie , Köhler Katarina , Meyer Tobias , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Niendorf Axel , Bocklitz Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is the main cause of all female cancer deaths worldwide. Because of the lack of early symptoms, the early detection of breast cancer becomes challenging. This detection is performed by screening techniques in organized preventive examinations. A promising imaging technology that can detect biomolecular alterations and can support the screening technologies by enhancing their low sensitivity, is nonlinear multimodal imaging. To detect these biomolecular alterations, machine‐learning algorithms are utilized. Our analysis started by preprocessing the images and comparing them to the pathological diagnosis. We trained two classification models utilizing the deep convolutional neural network ResNet50. This network was either used as feature extractor or to be fine‐tuned as a classification model. Beside these two classification approaches, two data validation techniques were investigated: the leave‐one‐patient‐out cross‐validation (LOPO‐CV) and the training‐test validation. The best reported result of breast cancer detection was introduced by the fine‐tuned ResNet50 network and LOPO‐CV accounting to 86.23% mean‐sensitivity.
New design of robust PID controller based on meta‐heuristic algorithms for wind energy conversion system
Authors: Elsisi Mahmoud 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a new robust control method for a wind energy conversion system. The suggested method can damp the deviations in the generator speed because of the penetration of wind speed and load demand fluctuations in the electrical grid. Furthermore, it can overcome the uncertainties of the plant parameters because of load demand fluctuations and the errors of the implementation. The new method has been built based on new simple frequency‐domain conditions and the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). This method is utilized to design a robust proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller based on the WOA in order to enhance the damping characteristics of the wind energy conversion system. Simulation results confirm the superiority and robustness of the proposed technique against the wind speed fluctuations and the plant parameters uncertainties compared with other meta‐heuristic algorithms.
Spectrum of a supersymmetric color superconductor
Authors: Faedo Antón F. , Mateos David , Pantelidou Christiana , Tarrío Javier 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have recently shown that the ground state of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4, SU(Nc) super Yang- Mills coupled to Nf ≪ Nc flavors, in the presence of non-zero isospin and R-symmetry charges, is a supersymmetric, superfluid, color superconductor. The holographic description consists of Nf D7-brane probes in AdS5×S5 with electric and instantonic fields on their worldvolume. These correspond to fundamental strings and D3-branes dissolved on the D7-branes, respectively. Here we use this description to determine the spectrum of mesonic excitations. As expected for a charged superfluid we find non-relativistic, massless Goldstone modes. We also find extra ungapped modes that are not associated to the breaking of any global symmetries but to the supersymmetric nature of the ground state. If the quark mass is much smaller than the scale of spontaneous symmetry breaking a pseudo-Goldstone boson is also present. We highlight some new features that appear only for Nf> 2. We show that, in the generic case of unequal R-symmetry charges, the dissolved strings and D3-branes blow up into a D5-brane supertube stretched between the D7-branes.
Quantum chaos in the Brownian SYK model with large finite N : OTOCs and tripartite information
Authors: Sünderhauf Christoph , Piroli Lorenzo , Qi Xiao-Liang , Schuch Norbert , Cirac J. Ignacio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We consider the Brownian SYK model of N interacting Majorana fermions, with random couplings that are taken to vary independently at each time. We study the out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) of arbitrary observables and the Rényi-2 tripartite information of the unitary evolution operator, which were proposed as diagnostic tools for quantum chaos and scrambling, respectively. We show that their averaged dynamics can be studied as a quench problem at imaginary times in a model of N qudits, where the Hamiltonian displays site-permutational symmetry. By exploiting a description in terms of bosonic collective modes, we show that for the quantities of interest the dynamics takes place in a subspace of the effective Hilbert space whose dimension grows either linearly or quadratically with N , allowing us to perform numerically exact calculations up to N = 106. We analyze in detail the interesting features of the OTOCs, including their dependence on the chosen observables, and of the tripartite information. We observe explicitly the emergence of a scrambling time t∗∼ ln N controlling the onset of both chaotic and scrambling behavior, after which we characterize the exponential decay of the quantities of interest to the corresponding Haar scrambled values.
Strong constraints on non-standard neutrino interactions: LHC vs. IceCube
Authors: Pandey Sujata , Karmakar Siddhartha , Rakshit Subhendu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We find the constraints on various non-standard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos from monojet+"Image missing"T searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Also, we show that the measurement of neutrino-nucleon cross-section from the observation of high energy astrophysical neutrino events at IceCube facilitates strong constraints on NSI as well. To this end, we pursue a comparative study of the prospects of LHC and IceCube in detecting NSI, also mentioning the role of low-energy experiments. We discuss the case of NSI with a new vector boson Z′ and it is found that for some range of mz′ LHC puts more stringent bound, whereas IceCube supersedes elsewhere. We also pay special attention to the case of Z′ of mass of a few GeVs, pointing out that the IceCube constraints can surpass those from LHC and low-energy experiments. Although, for contact-type effective interactions with two neutrinos and two partons, constraints from LHC are superior.
Experimental study of the internal flow in freezing water droplets on a cold surface
Authors: Karlsson Linn , Lycksam Henrik , Ljung Anna-Lena , Gren Per , Lundström T. Staffan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study of a freezing droplet is interesting in areas, where the understanding of build up of ice is important, for example, on wind turbines, airplane wings and roads. In this work, the main focus is to study the internal motion inside freezing water droplets using particle image velocimetry and to reveal if mechanisms such as natural convection and Marangoni convection have a noticeable influence on the flow within the droplet. The flow has successfully been visualized and measured for the first 25% of the total freezing time of the droplet when the velocity in the water is the highest and when the characteristic vortices can be seen. After this initial time period, the high amount of ice in the droplet scatters the PIV light sheet too much and the images retrieved are not suitable for analysis. Initially, it can be seen that the Marangoni effects have a large impact on the internal flow, but after about 15% of the total freezing time, the flow turns indicating increased effects of natural convection on the flow. Shortly after this time, almost no internal flow can be seen.

Graphic abstract
Effect of Reynolds number on a normal shock wave-transitional boundary-layer interaction over a curved surface
Authors: Coschignano A. , Atkins N. , Babinsky H. , Serna J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The interaction between a normal shock wave and a boundary layer is investigated over a curved surface for a Reynolds number range, based on boundary-layer growing length x, of $$0.44\times 10^6\le \text {Re}_x\le 1.09\times 10^6$$0.44×106≤Rex≤1.09×106. The upstream boundary layer develops around the leading edge of the model before encountering a $$M$$M$$\sim $$∼1.4 normal shock. This is followed by adverse pressure gradients. The shock position and strength are kept constant as $$\text {Re}$$Re is progressively varied. Infra-red thermography is used to determine the nature of the upstream boundary layer. Across the $$\text {Re}$$Re range, this is observed to vary from fully laminar to fully turbulent across the entire span. Regardless of the boundary-layer state, the interaction remains benign in nature, without large scale shock-induced separation or unsteadiness. Schlieren images show a pronounced oblique wave developing upstream of the main shock for the laminar cases, this is believed to correspond to the separation and subsequent transition of the laminar shear layer. Downstream of the shock, in the presence of adverse pressure gradients, the boundary-layer growth rate is inversely proportional to $$\text {Re}$$Re. Nonetheless, across the entire range of inflow conditions the boundary layer recovers quickly to a healthy turbulent boundary layer. This suggests the upstream boundary-layer state, and its transition mechanism, to have little effect on the outcome of its interaction with a normal shock wave.

Graphic abstract
Reconstruction and Interpolation of Manifolds. I: The Geometric Whitney Problem
Authors: Fefferman Charles , Ivanov Sergei , Kurylev Yaroslav , Lassas Matti , Narayanan Hariharan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study the geometric Whitney problem on how a Riemannian manifold (M, g) can be constructed to approximate a metric space $$(X,d_X)$$

(
X
,

d
X

)

. This problem is closely related to manifold interpolation (or manifold reconstruction) where a smooth n-dimensional submanifold $$S\subset {{\mathbb {R}}}^m$$

S
⊂

R

m

, $$m>n$$

m
>
n

needs to be constructed to approximate a point cloud in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^m$$

R

m

. These questions are encountered in differential geometry, machine learning, and in many inverse problems encountered in applications. The determination of a Riemannian manifold includes the construction of its topology, differentiable structure, and metric. We give constructive solutions to the above problems. Moreover, we characterize the metric spaces that can be approximated, by Riemannian manifolds with bounded geometry: We give sufficient conditions to ensure that a metric space can be approximated, in the Gromov–Hausdorff or quasi-isometric sense, by a Riemannian manifold of a fixed dimension and with bounded diameter, sectional curvature, and injectivity radius. Also, we show that similar conditions, with modified values of parameters, are necessary. As an application of the main results, we give a new characterization of Alexandrov spaces with two-sided curvature bounds. Moreover, we characterize the subsets of Euclidean spaces that can be approximated in the Hausdorff metric by submanifolds of a fixed dimension and with bounded principal curvatures and normal injectivity radius. We develop algorithmic procedures that solve the geometric Whitney problem for a metric space and the manifold reconstruction problem in Euclidean space, and estimate the computational complexity of these procedures. The above interpolation problems are also studied for unbounded metric sets and manifolds. The results for Riemannian manifolds are based on a generalization of the Whitney embedding construction where approximative coordinate charts are embedded in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^m$$

R

m

and interpolated to a smooth submanifold.
Optimised multi-stream microfluidic designs for controlled extensional deformation
Authors: Zografos Konstantinos , Haward Simon J. , Oliveira Mónica S. N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we optimise two types of multi-stream configurations (a T-junction and a flow-focusing design) to generate a homogeneous extensional flow within a well-defined region. The former is used to generate a stagnation point flow allowing molecules to accumulate significant strain, which has been found very useful for performing elongational studies. The latter relies on the presence of opposing lateral streams to shape a main stream and generate a strong region of extension in which the shearing effects of fluid–wall interactions are reduced near the region of interest. The optimisations are performed in two (2D) and three dimensions (3D) under creeping flow conditions for Newtonian fluid flow. It is demonstrated that in contrast with the classical-shaped geometries, the optimised designs are able to generate a well-defined region of homogeneous extension. The operational limits of the obtained 3D optimised configurations are investigated in terms of Weissenberg number for both constant viscosity and shear-thinning viscoelastic fluids. Additionally, for the 3D optimised flow-focusing device, the operational limits are investigated in terms of increasing Reynolds number and for a range of velocity ratios between the opposing lateral streams and the main stream. For all obtained 3D optimised multi-stream configurations, we perform the experimental validation considering a Newtonian fluid flow. Our results show good agreement with the numerical study, reproducing the desired kinematics for which the designs are optimised.
The exercise of the object
Authors: Travis Charles 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhat is an object? A prior question: What is objecthood?Au fond, and to logic’s eye,objectis a role to be played with respect to a thought (on a decomposition). It is to be a countable which that thought represent as being some way for such a countable to be; what restores the business of truth-of to that of truth outright. What plays that role for some given thought is then an object with respect to that thought. Given this, there are corresponding absolute notions,to be fit for this role, andto be fit only for this role. So the fundamental task here is identifying the conditions on playing this role at all. All this is a contribution, however limited, to a topic called ‘ontology’. This last word also occurs in the plural in several contexts. The end of this essay considers how these notions (non-countable, and the several countables) might relate, and what assumptions underlie what some have seen them to.