bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hawking evaporation of black holes in massive gravity
Authors: Hou Meng-Shi , Xu Hao , Ong Yen Chin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the Hawking evaporation of a class of black hole solutions in dRGT massive gravity, in which the graviton mass gives rise to an effective negative cosmological constant. We found that the effective emission surface can be either proportional to the square of the effective AdS length scale, or corresponds to the square of the impact parameter of the null geodesic that falls onto the photon orbit of the black hole. Furthermore, depending on the black hole parameters, the emission surface could switch from one to another as the black hole loses mass during the evaporation process. Furthermore, the black holes can either evaporate completely or become a remnant at late time. Our result is more generally applicable to any asymptotically anti-de Sitter-like black hole solution in any theory whose metric function has a term linear in the coordinate radius, with massive gravity being only a concrete example.
Algorithmic aspects of total Roman {3}-domination in graphs
Authors: Chakradhar Padamutham , Venkata Subba Reddy Palagiri 
Published: November 2020

For a simple, undirected, connected graph [Formula: see text], a function [Formula: see text] which satisfies the following conditions is called a total Roman {3}-dominating function (TR3DF) of [Formula: see text] with weight [Formula: see text]: (C1) For every vertex [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] has [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) neighbors such that whose sum is at least 3, and if [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] has [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) neighbors such that whose sum is at least 2. (C2) The subgraph induced by the set of vertices labeled one, two or three has no isolated vertices. For a graph [Formula: see text], the smallest possible weight of a TR3DF of [Formula: see text] denoted [Formula: see text] is known as the total Roman[Formula: see text]-domination number of [Formula: see text]. The problem of determining [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is called minimum total Roman {3}-domination problem (MTR3DP). In this paper, we show that the problem of deciding if [Formula: see text] has a TR3DF of weight at most [Formula: see text] for chordal graphs is NP-complete. We also show that MTR3DP is polynomial time solvable for bounded treewidth graphs, chain graphs and threshold graphs. We design a [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm for the MTR3DP and show that the same cannot have [Formula: see text] ratio approximation algorithm for any [Formula: see text] unless NP [Formula: see text]. Next, we show that MTR3DP is APX-complete for graphs with [Formula: see text]. We also show that the domination and total Roman {3}-domination problems are not equivalent in computational complexity aspects. Finally, we present an integer linear programming formulation for MTR3DP.
Nucleoporin 210 Serves a Key Scaffold for SMARCB1 in Liver Cancer
Authors: Hong Seong Hwi , Son Keun Hong , Ha Sang Yun , Wee Tae In , Choi Sung Kyung , Won Ji Eun , Han Hee Dong , Ro Youngtae , Park Yeong-Min , Eun Jung Woo , Nam Suk Woo , Han Jeung-Whan , Kang Keunsoo , You Jueng Soo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The roles of chromatin remodelers and their underlying mechanisms of action in cancer remain unclear. In this study, SMARCB1, known initially as a bona fide tumor suppressor gene, was investigated in liver cancer. SMARCB1 was highly upregulated in patients with liver cancer and was associated with poor prognosis. Loss- and gain-of-function studies in liver cells revealed that SMARCB1 loss led to reduced cell proliferation, wound healing capacity, and tumor growth in vivo. Although upregulated SMARCB1 appeared to contribute to switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex stability and integrity, it did not act using its known pathways antagonism with EZH2 or association between TP53 or AMPK. SMARCB1 knockdown induced a mild reduction in global H3K27 acetylation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of SMARCB1 and acetylated histone H3K27 antibodies before and after SMARCB1 loss identified Nucleoporin210 (NUP210) as a critical target of SMARCB1, which bound its enhancer and changed H3K27Ac enrichment and downstream gene expression, particularly cholesterol homeostasis and xenobiotic metabolism. Notably, NUP210 was not only a putative tumor supporter involved in liver cancer but also acted as a key scaffold for SMARCB1 and P300 to chromatin. Furthermore, SMARCB1 deficiency conferred sensitivity to doxorubicin and P300 inhibitor in liver cancer cells. These findings provide insights into mechanisms underlying dysregulation of chromatin remodelers and show novel associations between nucleoporins and chromatin remodelers in cancer.

Significance:
This study reveals a novel protumorigenic role for SMARCB1 and describes valuable links between nucleoporins and chromatin remodelers in cancer by identifying NUP210 as a critical coregulator of SMARCB1 chromatin remodeling activity.
Y-Box Binding Protein-1: A Neglected Target in Pediatric Brain Tumors?
Authors: Taylor Louisa , Kerr Ian D. , Coyle Beth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBrain and central nervous system tumors represent the most common childhood solid tumors. Comprising 21% of all pediatric cancers, they remain the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity in childhood. Due to advances in neurosurgical technique, radiotherapy and the use of combination therapy, survival rates have generally increased. However, by cause of the lesion itself, its surgical removal and subsequent treatment, survivors are at high risk of long-term neurocognitive sequelae and secondary cancer. Clearly, improvements in diagnosis and treatment are needed. Accordingly, current treatment is evolving away from conventional, uniform therapy and towards risk-stratified regimens and molecularly-targeted therapies, with the aim of diminishing adverse side effects while minimizing the risk of disease recurrence. The multifunctional oncoprotein Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) may serve as one such molecular target. Increased YB-1 levels have been reported in a number of pediatric brain tumors, where YB-1 appears to facilitate the advancement of malignant phenotypes. These include proliferation, invasion, and resistance to therapy, as well as the maintenance of brain tumor-initiating cells. Here we evaluate the current literature and show how YB-1 modulates signaling pathways driving each of these phenotypes. We also review the regulation of YB-1 at a transcriptional, translational, posttranslational and subcellular level and argue that there is strong and sufficient evidence to support the development of YB-1 as a biomarker and future therapeutic target in childhood brain tumors.
Automatically Evolving Texture Image Descriptors Using the Multitree Representation in Genetic Programming Using Few Instances
Authors: Al-Sahaf Harith , Al-Sahaf Ausama , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The performance of image classification is highly dependent on the quality of the extracted features that are used to build a model. Designing such features usually requires prior knowledge of the domain and is often undertaken by a domain expert who, if available, is very costly to employ. Automating the process of designing such features can largely reduce the cost and efforts associated with this task. Image descriptors, such as local binary patterns, have emerged in computer vision, and aim at detecting keypoints, for example, corners, line-segments, and shapes, in an image and extracting features from those keypoints. In this article, genetic programming (GP) is used to automatically evolve an image descriptor using only two instances per class by utilising a multitree program representation. The automatically evolved descriptor operates directly on the raw pixel values of an image and generates the corresponding feature vector. Seven well-known datasets were adapted to the few-shot setting and used to assess the performance of the proposed method and compared against six handcrafted and one evolutionary computation-based image descriptor as well as three convolutional neural network (CNN) based methods. The experimental results show that the new method has significantly outperformed the competitor image descriptors and CNN-based methods. Furthermore, different patterns have been identified from analysing the evolved programs.
A Christian Response to Global Conflict: Realism and Reconciliation
Authors: Jacob Cecilia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article considers avenues for fruitful engagement between international relations and public theology in order to ask what an ethical Christian response to global conflict should entail. The process of mediating principles of biblical justice into a contemporary international context requires interpretation in a reality of territorial bounded states, with rules and norms governing international interactions that are unique to the present day. This article draws on two theologically oriented contributions to international relations, Christian realism and political reconciliation to probe the question as to how we conceptualise justice as a pursuit in international relations from a Christian worldview. It reflects on the contingencies of the present-day context of global conflict, and the implications for praxis from a public theology standpoint.
Negative-Emission Technologies and Patent Rights after COVID-19
Authors: Sarnoff Joshua D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Governmental and particularly private funding has recently and dramatically expanded for both beccs and dac technologies. This funding and the associated research, development, and deployment efforts will generate intellectual property rights, particularly patent rights in nets. As with access to medicines, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted concerns that patent rights may incentivize RD&D at the cost of affordable access to the relevant technologies. Further, access may be restricted to particular countries based on sovereignty concerns to seek preferential supply agreements through up-front funding. As a result, nations will likely turn to controversial ex-post measures, such as compulsory licensing, to assure access and to control prices of the needed technologies. The same concerns with patent rights likely will affect RD&D of nets. Although international ex-ante measures exist (such as patent pools) which would help to minimize these concerns, such measures may not induce the requisite voluntary contributions, or may fail to materialize due to political disagreements. Focusing on both US law and international developments, this article proposes various ex-ante measures that can be adopted by national governments and private funders to minimize the likely forthcoming worldwide conflicts that will arise over balancing innovation incentives for, and affordable access to, patented nets.
Carl Jung, John Layard and Jordan Peterson
Authors: Clark Gary 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article I discuss the relationship between analytical psychology and theories of human social evolution. More specifically I look at debates in evolutionary studies and anthropology regarding the priority of matrilineal social structure in the emergence ofHomo sapiens. These debates were occurring in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and they provide the context for many of the assumptions of psychoanalysis and analytical psychology. In this essay I will explore these issues in relation to analytical psychology. I will also discuss the work of anthropologist John Layard who proposed matriliny was humanity’s original form of social organisation. Interestingly, Layard’s field work had significant impact on Jung. I will also compare the work of Layard, and other theorists who adopt matrilineal theories of human social evolution, with the theories of Jordan Peterson. Peterson has developed an idiosyncratic evolutionary conception of analytical psychology, one in which he explicitly rejects the notion of matrilineal priority in human evolution. He also adopts certain assumptions about the evolutionary origins of contemporary socio-political hierarchy, assumptions I argue are not supported by data from numerous fields of scientific enquiry.
Cities as Emergent International Actors in the Field of Migration
Authors: Thouez Colleen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cities are fast becoming actors on issues of transnational import. This is also true in the field of migration governance where their scope of responsibility has traditionally been perceived as entirely domestic in nature. As mayors act and advocate transnationally on migration, they are supported by a growing web of intercity networks spanning knowledge sharing, to lobbying, to operational work. In parallel, cities’ agency is rising as they begin to acquire access and influence in interstate deliberations and decision-making fora. Their active presence impacts policy instruments like the UN Global Compact for Migration and Global Compact on Refugees, and policy frameworks like the Global Forum on Migration and Development. In turn, as cities provide more information on challenges faced locally, we may expect more pragmatic approaches to migration. This article outlines this expansion of cities’ agency and what it could mean for international migration governance.
Are There Mathematical Hinges?
Authors: Coliva Annalisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper I argue that, contrary to what several prominent scholars of On Certainty have claimed, Wittgenstein did not maintain that simple mathematical propositions like “2 × 2 = 4” or “12 × 12 = 144,” much like G. E. Moore’s truisms, could be examples of hinge propositions. In particular, given his overall conception of mathematics, it was impossible for him to single out these simpler mathematical propositions from the rest of mathematical statements, to reserve only to them a normative function. I then maintain that these mathematical examples were introduced merely as objects of comparison to bring out some peculiar features of the only hinges he countenanced in On Certainty, which were all outside the realm of mathematics. I then close by gesturing at how the distinction between mathematical hinges and non-hinges could be exemplified and by exploring its consequences with respect to (Wittgenstein’s) philosophy of mathematics.
New Perspectives on West Africa and World War Two
Authors: Coates Oliver 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Focusing on Anglophone West Africa, particularly Nigeria and the Gold Coast (Ghana), this article analyses the historiography of World War Two, examining recruitment, civil defence, intelligence gathering, combat, demobilisation, and the predicament of ex-servicemen. It argues that we must avoid an overly homogeneous notion of African participation in the war, and that we should instead attempt to distinguish between combatants and non-combatants, as well as differentiating in terms of geography and education, all variables that made a significant difference to wartime labour conditions and post-war prospects. It will show how the existing historiography facilitates an appreciation of the role of West Africans in distinct theatres of combat, and examine the role of such sources as African war memoirs, journalism and photography in developing our understanding of Africans in East Africa, South and South-East Asia, and the Middle East. More generally, it will demonstrate how recent scholarship has further complicated our comprehension of the conflict, opening new fields of study such as the interaction of gender and warfare, the role of religion in colonial armed forces, and the transnational experiences of West Africans during the war. The article concludes with a discussion of the historical memory of the war in contemporary West African fiction and documentary film.
A Continuum Approach to Understanding Changes in the ENSO–Indian Monsoon Relationship
Authors: Schulte Justin , Policelli Frederick , Zaitchik Benjamin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is well documented that the relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian summer monsoon changes on interdecadal time scales, yet an explanation for the variations is still a subject of debate. Here, using a continuum framework based on one-point partial correlation maps, we show that the ENSO–Indian rainfall relationship is influenced by the gradient of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) across the Niño-3 region. Based on this identified SSTA pattern, a simple trans-Niño-3 (TN3) index is created that explains up to 50% of all-India rainfall variability during the mid- to late monsoon season after the 1960s. It is also shown that the influence of the TN3 pattern on the relationship between common ENSO metrics and all-India rainfall is strongest during the August–September (AS) monsoon subseason and weakest during the June–July subseason. The TN3 pattern accounts for up to 80% of the change and sign reversal in the AS Niño-1+2–all-India rainfall relationship in recent decades. The 1940s coincides with the intensification of the TN3 pattern and its influence. As the TN3 index is nearly orthogonal to the Niño-3 index, and both are strongly correlated with all-India rainfall, the strengthening TN3 influence must be systematically associated with the weakening Niño-3–all-India relationship in recent decades. This work supports arguments that recent changes in the ENSO–Indian rainfall relationship are not solely related to noise.
Utility of triage shock index in predicting patient outcome in calcium channel blocker poisoning
Authors: Lau Man Ting , Wong Cheung Lun William 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:Shock index is defined as heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure. It is reported as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in trauma and acute myocardial infarction in previous studies. It may be valuable in evaluation of calcium channel blocker poisoning. The objective of this study is to examine the probability of serious outcome based on first measured shock index in patients who presented to emergency department with calcium channel blocker poisoning.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted on calcium channel blocker poisoning cases in Hong Kong Poison Information Centre from 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2017. Shock index was calculated with blood pressure and pulse measurement at emergency department triage. Odds ratios of various variables for major outcome, mortality, intensive care unit admission, length of stay in acute hospital were calculated by multivariate analysis or negative binomial regression where appropriate. The performance of shock index in predicting major outcome was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve.Results:A total of 390 cases were identified, of whom 25.1% developed major outcome and 5.6% died. Shock index showed significant association with major outcome (odds ratio: 17.017, 95% confidence interval: 5.521–52.455). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for shock index in predicting major outcome was 0.7008 (95% confidence interval: 0.64–0.76).Conclusion:Higher shock index is associated with worse patient outcome in calcium channel blocker poisoning. However, shock index alone is not reliable in predicting patient outcome. Further research is needed before shock index can be incorporated for use in patient management in poisoning with calcium channel blocker or other anti‐hypertensives.
Zircon from diamondiferous kyanite gneisses of the Kokchetav massif: Revealing growth stages using an integrated cathodoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe approach
Authors: Rezvukhina Olga V. , Korsakov Andrey V. , Rezvukhin Dmitriy I. , Mikhailenko Denis S. , Zamyatin Dmitry A. , Greshnyakov Evgeny D. , Shur Vladimir Ya. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractZircon crystals from diamondiferous kyanite gneisses of the Barchi-Kol area (Kokchetav massif, Northern Kazakhstan) have been investigated by a combined application of cathodoluminescence (CL), Raman spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The zircon crystals exhibit up to four distinct domains characterised by significantly different CL signatures and parameters of the ν3(SiO4) (1008 cm–1) Raman band (i.e. full width at half maximum, position and intensity). Extremely metamict zircon cores (Domain I) host inclusions of low-pressure minerals (quartz and graphite) and the outer mantles (Domain III) are populated by ultrahigh-pressure relicts (diamond and coesite), whereas inner mantles (Domain II) and overgrowth rim zones (Domain IV) are inclusion free. Both the zircon cores and rims have very low Ti concentrations, implying formation temperatures below 760°C. The Ti content in the inner mantles (up to 40 ppm) is indicative of temperatures in the 760–880°C range. The temperature estimates for the outer mantles are 900–940°C, indicating a pronounced overlap with the peak metamorphic values yielded by the Zr-in-rutile geothermometer for the same rocks (910–950°C). The internal textures of the zircons and the occurrence of index minerals within the distinct domains allow us to unravel the stages of the complex metamorphic history recorded in the zircon. Our data show that the zircon cores are inherited seeds of pre-metamorphic (magmatic?) origin, the inner mantles were formed on the prograde metamorphic stage, the outer mantles record ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and the outermost rims mark the retrograde metamorphic stage. The observed zircon internal textures are thus clearly correlated with distinct growth events, and in some examples reflect a major part of the metamorphic history. It is concluded that the combined application of the CL, Raman spectroscopy and EPMA techniques to zircon offers significant potential for deciphering the metamorphic evolution of deeply-subducted rocks.
Macrophage protease-activated receptor 2 regulates fetal liver erythropoiesis in mice
Authors: Saffarzadeh Mona , Grunz Kristin , Nguyen T. Son , Lee Young K. , Kitano Maki , Danckwardt Sven , Rodrigues Carina D. S. , Weiler Hartmut , Reyda Sabine , Ruf Wolfram 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeficiencies in many coagulation factors and protease-activated receptors (PARs) affect embryonic development. We describe a defect in definitive erythropoiesis in PAR2-deficient mice. Embryonic PAR2 deficiency increases embryonic death associated with variably severe anemia in comparison with PAR2-expressing embryos. PAR2-deficient fetal livers display reduced macrophage densities, erythroblastic island areas, and messenger RNA expression levels of markers for erythropoiesis and macrophages. Coagulation factor synthesis in the liver coincides with expanding fetal liver hematopoiesis during midgestation, and embryonic factor VII (FVII) deficiency impairs liver macrophage development. Cleavage-insensitive PAR2-mutant mice recapitulate the hematopoiesis defect of PAR2-deficient embryos, and macrophage-expressed PAR2 directly supports erythroblastic island function and the differentiation of red blood cells in the fetal liver. Conditional deletion of PAR2 in macrophages impairs erythropoiesis, as well as increases inflammatory stress, as evidenced by upregulation of interferon-regulated hepcidin antimicrobial peptide. In contrast, postnatal macrophage PAR2 deficiency does not have any effect on steady-state Kupffer cells, bone marrow macrophage numbers, or erythropoiesis, but erythropoiesis in macrophages from PAR2-deficient mice is impaired following hemolysis. These data identify a novel function for macrophage PAR2 signaling in adapting to rapid increases in blood demand during gestational development and postnatal erythropoiesis under stress conditions.