bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's Disease Risk Gene SORL1 Promotes Receptiveness of Human Microglia to Pro‐Inflammatory Stimuli
Authors: Ovesen Peter Lund , Juul‐Madsen Kristian , Telugu Narasimha S. , Schmidt Vanessa , Frahm Silke , Radbruch Helena , Louth Emma Louise , Korshøj Anders Rosendal , Heppner Frank L. , Diecke Sebastian , Kettenmann Helmut , Willnow Thomas E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSorting protein‐related receptor containing class A repeats (SORLA) is an intracellular trafficking receptor encoded by the Alzheimer's disease (AD) gene SORL1 (sortilin‐related receptor 1). Recent findings argue that altered expression in microglia may underlie the genome‐wide risk of AD seen with some SORL1 gene variants, however, the functional significance of the receptor in microglia remains poorly explained. Using unbiased omics and targeted functional analyses in iPSC‐based human microglia, we identified a crucial role for SORLA in sensitizing microglia to pro‐inflammatory stimuli. We show that SORLA acts as a sorting factor for the pattern recognition receptor CD14, directing CD14 exposure on the cell surface and priming microglia to stimulation by pro‐inflammatory factors. Loss of SORLA in gene‐targeted microglia impairs proper CD14 sorting and blunts pro‐inflammatory responses. Our studies indicate an important role for SORLA in shaping the inflammatory brain milieu, a biological process important to local immune responses in AD.
Axonal Selectivity of Myelination by Single Oligodendrocytes Established During Development in Mouse Cerebellar White Matter
Authors: Battulga Batpurev , Osanai Yasuyuki , Yamazaki Reiji , Shinohara Yoshiaki , Ohno Nobuhiko 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMyelin formation by oligodendrocytes regulates the conduction velocity and functional integrity of neuronal axons. While individual oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around multiple axons and control the functions of neural circuits where the axons are involved, it remains unclear if oligodendrocytes selectively form myelin sheaths around specific subtypes of axons. Using the combination of rabies virus‐mediated single oligodendrocyte labeling and immunostaining with tissue clearing, we revealed that approximately half of the oligodendrocytes preferentially myelinate axons originating from Purkinje cells in the white matter of adult mouse cerebella. The preference for Purkinje cell axons was more pronounced during development when the process of myelination within cerebellar white matter was initiated; over 90% of oligodendrocytes preferentially myelinated Purkinje cell axons. Preferential myelination of Purkinje cell axons was further confirmed by immuno‐electron microscopy and transgenic mice that label early‐born oligodendrocytes. Transgenic mice that label oligodendrocytes differentiated at the early development showed that early‐born oligodendrocytes preferentially myelinate Purkinje cell axons in the matured cerebellar white matter. In contrast, transgenic mice that label oligodendrocytes differentiated after the peak of cerebellar myelination showed that the later‐differentiated oligodendrocytes dominantly myelinated non‐Purkinje cell axons. These results demonstrate that a significant proportion of oligodendrocytes preferentially myelinate functionally distinct axons in the cerebellar white matter, and the axonal preference of myelination by individual oligodendrocytes is established depending on the timing of their differentiation during development. Our data provide the evidence that there is a critical time window of myelination that a specific subtype of axons are dominantly myelinated by the oligodendrocytes.
Stepwise pathways from the olfactory cortex to central hub regions in the human brain
Authors: Menelaou G. , Diez I. , Zelano C. , Zhou G. , Persson J. , Sepulcre J. , Olofsson J. K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe human brain is organized as a hierarchical global network. Functional connectivity research reveals that sensory cortices are connected to corresponding association cortices via a series of intermediate nodes linked by synchronous neural activity. These sensory pathways and relay stations converge onto central cortical hubs such as the default‐mode network (DMN). The DMN regions are believed to be critical for representing concepts and, hence, language acquisition and use. Although prior research has established that major senses are placed at a similar distance from the DMN—five to six connective steps—it is still unknown how the olfactory system functionally connects to the large‐scale cortical hubs of the human brain. In this study, we investigated the connective distance from olfactory seed areas to the DMN. The connective distance involves a series of three to four intermediate steps. Furthermore, we parcellated the olfactory cortical subregions and found evidence of two distinct olfactory pathways. One emerges from the anterior olfactory nucleus and olfactory tubercle; it involves early access to the orbitofrontal cortex, known for processing reward and multisensory signals. The other emerges from the frontal and temporal regions of the piriform cortex, involving the anterior insula, intermediate frontal sulcus, and parietal operculum. The results were confirmed in a replication cohort. Our results provide evidence that olfaction has unique early access to the central cortical networks via dual pathways.
Exploring the Effects of Prefrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Brain Metabolites: A Concurrent tDCS‐MRS Study
Authors: Vural Gizem , Soldini Aldo , Padberg Frank , Karslı Berkhan , Zinchenko Artyom , Goerigk Stephan , Soutschek Alexander , Mezger Eva , Stoecklein Sophia , Bulubas Lucia , Šušnjar Antonia , Keeser Daniel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTranscranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non‐invasive brain stimulation technique used to modulates cortical brain activity. However, its effects on brain metabolites within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a crucial area targeted for brain stimulation in mental disorders, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether prefrontal tDCS over the left and right DLPFC modulates levels of key metabolites, including gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), glutamine/glutamate (Glx), N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), near to the target region and to explore potential sex‐specific effects on these metabolite concentrations. A total of 41 healthy individuals (19 female, M_age = 25 years, SD = 3.15) underwent either bifrontal active (2 mA for 20 min) or sham tDCS targeting the left (anode: F3) and right (cathode: F4) DLPFC within a 3 Tesla MRI scanner. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to monitor neurometabolic changes before, during, and after 40 min of tDCS, with measurements of two 10‐min intervals during stimulation. A single voxel beneath F3 was used for metabolic quantification. Results showed a statistically significant increase in Glx levels under active tDCS compared to the sham condition, particularly during the second 10‐min window and persisting into the post‐stimulation phase. No significant changes were observed in other metabolites, but consistent sex differences were detected. Specifically, females showed lower levels of NAA and GABA under active tDCS compared to the sham condition, while no significant changes were observed in males. E‐field modeling showed no significant differences in field magnitudes between sexes, and the magnitude of the e‐fields did not correlate with changes in Glx levels between active and sham stimulation during the second interval or post‐stimulation. This study demonstrates that a single session of prefrontal tDCS significantly elevates Glx levels in the left DLPFC, with effects persisting post‐stimulation. However, the observed sex differences in the neurochemical response to tDCS were not linked to specific stimulation intervals or variations in e‐field magnitudes, highlighting the complexity of tDCS effects and the need for personalized neuromodulation strategies.
Mental Time Travel: A Retrospective
Authors: Redish A. David 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBecause imagination activates the same neural circuits used in understanding the present, one can access that imagination even in non‐linguistic animals through decoding techniques applied to large neural ensembles. This personal retrospective traces the history of the initial discovery that hippocampal theta sequences sweep forward to goals during moments of deliberation and discusses the history that was necessary to put ourselves in the position to recognize this signal. It also discusses how that discovery fits into the larger picture of hippocampal function and the concept of cognition as computation.
Quantitative Coronary Angiography Guidance for Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lee Cheol Whan , Lee Pil Hyung , Lee Seung‐Whan , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug‐eluting stents is an established strategy for the treatment of significant obstructive coronary artery disease. Evidence supports that intravascular imaging‐guided PCI offers advantages over conventional angiography‐guided PCI, though its use is limited, likely due to high costs. Angiography‐guided PCI relies on visual estimation, leading to inter‐ and intra‐observer variability and suboptimal outcomes. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) provides reliable information about vascular dimensions, overcoming these limitations. Poststenting postdilation with appropriately sized noncompliant balloons improves outcomes by increasing lumen area and reducing stent malapposition.AimsWe investigated the procedural details of each modality used to guide PCI and assessed the utility of QCA‐guided PCI with routine postdilation when intravascular imaging is unavailable.Methods and ResultsA systematic search was conducted from inception to May 31, 2024, identifying nine randomized controlled trials (with over 500 patients) that compared outcomes of PCI guided by intravascular imaging versus conventional angiography or QCA. The findings indicate that intravascular imaging guidance significantly improves clinical outcomes compared to angiography guidance. Notably, QCA‐guided PCI with routine postdilation yielded outcomes comparable to those achieved with intravascular imaging‐guided PCI.ConclusionsQCA‐guided PCI with routine postdilation may be a viable alternative for improving PCI outcomes, especially in settings where intravascular imaging is unavailable.
Strengthening Developmental Science With Psychometric Evaluations: An Examination of the Spatial Arrangement Method as a Measure of Semantic Structure in Children
Authors: Vales Catarina , Branson Zach , Fisher Anna V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCognitive tasks are seldom evaluated on their ability to provide valid and reliable measurements of the construct they intend to measure. This scarcity of psychometric evaluations makes it challenging to evaluate replications of experimental effects and to relate performance in cognitive tasks to other constructs of interest. In developmental science, these issues are compounded by the often‐imprecise measures derived from tasks completed by child participants. Here, we focus on the spatial arrangement method when used to assess semantic structure in children and evaluate its psychometric properties. Using a new analytic approach to capture individual variability in participants' arrangement in this task, we show that the spatial arrangement method has appropriate construct validity (β = 0.40), internal consistency (r2 = 0.20), and test–retest reliability (r2 = 0.41; ICC = 0.56) when used to evaluate semantic structure in U.S. children (4–9 years of age; N = 200 across 4 datasets). We discuss the implications of these findings for examining semantic structure in children and for strengthening methodological practices in developmental science more broadly.
Monkeypox Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Outcomes, Public Health Implications, and Security Measures
Authors: Salomon Izere , Hamitoglu Ali Emir , Hertier Unkwiye , Belise Mugabekazi Albright , Sandrine Uwase , Darius Benimana , Abdoulkarim Methode Yusufu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, is responsible for the zoonotic disease known as MPX. Primarily found in western and central Africa, emerging studies indicate a shift in transmission dynamics. Ongoing MPX outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have escalated into significant public health concerns.ObjectivesThis review endeavors to provide a comprehensive analysis of the public health implications, clinical consequences, and preventive measures related to the current MPX outbreak in the DRC. It focuses on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and public health responses to this global health challenge.MethodologyThe research synthesizes data regarding MPX outbreaks in the DRC, drawing from academic journals, public health reports, and case studies through a narrative review approach.ResultsThe recent outbreak in the DRC has identified approximately 12,569 suspected MPX cases, resulting in 581 fatalities, which corresponds to a case fatality rate (CFR) of 4.6%. These cases have been documented across 156 health sectors in 22 out of 26 provinces, representing the highest case count recorded to date. The epidemic has also encroached upon previously unaffected regions. Hospitalization rates have varied between 4% and 10%, with a significant percentage of cases attributed to sexual transmission. Analysis of demographic and geographic data revealed distinct patterns in viral spread. Clinical outcomes have varied, with an average CFR close to 10%, influenced by factors such as timely diagnosis and access to healthcare services. Rural areas have accounted for over 70% of the cases, highlighting the necessity for targeted public health interventions. Control measures have focused on community awareness campaigns and immunization programs, reaching approximately 50% of the at‐risk population; however, challenges related to resource limitations and political instability have impeded effective response strategies.ConclusionThe ongoing MPX outbreak in the DRC poses a substantial public health challenge. While progress has been made in managing the epidemic, it remains imperative to address resource deficiencies and enhance public health systems. Strengthening international collaboration, expanding healthcare access, and improving surveillance capabilities are critical to mitigating the risk of future outbreaks.
Tislelizumab combined with nab‐paclitaxel and cisplatin as the more effective chemoimmunotherapy strategy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective, two‐cohort, phase 2 trial
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Bin , Zhang Yawei , Luo Xiaoyang , Zhang Yiliang , Li Hang , Pan Yunjian , Shao Longlong , Zheng Shanbo , Yuan Chongze , Li Yuan , Zheng Qiang , Sun Si , Zhao Weixin , Sun Yihua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis prospective, two‐cohort phase 2 trial with random allocation was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant tislelizumab combined with nab‐paclitaxel/paclitaxel and cisplatin (TP) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the nab‐paclitaxel or paclitaxel cohorts at a 1:1 ratio, and received intravenous tislelizumab (200 mg, day 1) combined with cisplatin (25 mg/m2, days 1–3) and either nab‐paclitaxel (125 mg/m2, days 1 and 8) or paclitaxel (150 mg/m2, day 1) in a 21‐day cycle for two cycles before surgery. The primary endpoint was the major pathological response (MPR) rate. From March 01, 2022 to April 10, 2023, 46 patients were enrolled (n = 23 in each cohort), with 42 patients receiving the full two‐cycle treatments and undergoing surgery (n = 22 in the nab‐paclitaxel cohort, n = 20 in the paclitaxel cohort). The MPR rate and the pCR rate in the total cohort were 44.2% (19/42) and 19.0% (8/42), respectively, with 59.1% (13/22) and 31.8% (7/22) in the nab‐paclitaxel cohort and 30.0% (6/20) and 5.0% (1/20) in paclitaxel cohorts. The most common treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) were anemia (89.1%) and alopecia (71.7%), and no significant difference in TRAEs was observed between the two cohorts. Up until March 28, 2024, the median follow‐up time was 15.5 months (range of 6.0–24.3 months), and the survival analysis revealed that the patients in the nab‐paclitaxel cohort had a higher event‐free survival (p = .002). In conclusion, neoadjuvant tislelizumab combined with cisplatin and nab‐paclitaxel, rather than cisplatin and paclitaxel, is a more effective neoadjuvant strategy for locally advanced thoracic ESCC.
Pathogen spectrum and clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients: A 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Ming , Qin Xiu‐Yu , Lu Yan‐Yan , Yao Lun‐kai , Liu Ai‐Qun , Yu Qi‐Tao , Jiang Wei , Liang Jie , Li Yu , Zhou Shao‐Zhang , Qiu Ye 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInfection is the most common non‐cancer cause of death in patients with lung cancer (LC). However, original research reports with large sample sizes on the epidemiology, pathogen spectrum, immune status changes, and prognosis of these patients are lacking. A retrospective study of LC patients with infection was performed at Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from 2014 to 2023. In total, 699 LC patients with disease complicated by infection were included in the study. The incidence of infection increased from 4.61% in 2014 to 9.77% in 2023 among patients with LC. A total of 109 types of pathogens were detected. The most prevalent pathogenic organisms in each category were bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli), fungi (Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp.), viruses (COVID‐19 and Epstein–Barr virus), and special pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae). Upon diagnosis of infection, the total T lymphocyte, helper T cell, Th/Ts ratio, and B lymphocyte counts decreased, while the natural killer cell and suppressor T‐cell counts increased. Infection is a crucial risk factor affecting the prognosis and mortality of patients with LC. The susceptibility of patients with LC to infection may be related to immunodeficiency resulting from antitumor treatment and disease progression.
Exploring Metabolic Approaches for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kumari Sangeeta , Gupta Shraddha , Jamil Aisha , Tabatabaei Deyana , Karakashev Sergey 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the highest mortality rate among malignant tumors of the female reproductive system and the lowest survival rate. This poor prognosis is due to the aggressive nature of EOC, its late‐stage diagnosis, and the tumor's ability to adapt to stressors through metabolic reprogramming. EOC cells sustain their rapid proliferation by altering the uptake, utilization, and regulation of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. These metabolic changes support tumor growth and contribute to metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and immune evasion. Targeting these metabolic vulnerabilities has shown promise in preclinical studies, with some therapies advancing to clinical trials. However, challenges remain due to tumor heterogeneity, adaptive resistance mechanisms, and the influence of the tumor microenvironment. This review provides a comprehensive summary of metabolic targets for EOC treatment and offers an overview of the current landscape of clinical trials focusing on ovarian cancer metabolism. Future efforts should prioritize combination therapies that integrate metabolic inhibitors with immunotherapies or chemotherapy. Advances in precision medicine and multi‐omics approaches will be crucial for identifying patient‐specific metabolic dependencies and improving outcomes. By addressing these challenges, metabolism‐based therapies can significantly transform the treatment of this devastating disease.
Low Skeletal Muscle Radiodensity Predicts Response to CDK4/6 Inhibitors Plus Aromatase Inhibitors in Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Hyunwook , Baek Seungjin , Han Sookyeong , Kim Gun Min , Sohn Joohyuk , Rhee Yumie , Hong Namki , Kim Min Hwan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent evidence indicates that a dysregulated host metabolism influences treatment outcomes in patients with breast cancer. We investigated the association of computed tomography (CT)‐derived body composition indices with therapeutic responses in patients with hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) on endocrine plus CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) treatment.MethodsThe study involved a retrospective cohort of patients with ABC at the Yonsei Cancer Center who received CDK4/6i and aromatase inhibitors as first‐line therapy between January 2017 and October 2020. Body composition parameters were estimated from the non‐enhanced CT images of the third lumbar spine by commercialized deep learning software. Patients with low skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) were defined as patients with SMD of low tertile (≤ 28.7 Hounsfield Units). The primary outcome was progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsAmong the 247 female participants (median age, 53 years; mean body mass index [BMI], 23.7 kg/m2), 45.7% had disease progression or death during a median follow‐up of 36.4 months. After adjusting for age and visceral metastasis, SMD was the only independent predictor among body composition parameters for worse PFS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.20 per standard deviation decrement, 95% CI: 1.01–1.42, p = 0.041), whereas BMI, muscle area, and fat area were not. Participants with low SMD had a higher risk of progression than those without (PFS, 27.2 vs. 51.1 months, p = 0.009; adjusted HR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.22–2.76, p = 0.003). Strong associations between low SMD and poor PFS were observed in groups with pre‐menopause status (HR, 3.04 vs. 1.19 in post‐menopause; 95% CI: 1.54–5.99, p for interaction < 0.05) and without visceral metastases (HR, 2.95 vs. 1.19 in with visceral metastases; 95% CI: 1.59–5.49, p for interaction < 0.05).ConclusionsCT‐defined low SMD predicts poor treatment outcomes in patients with ABC undergoing first‐line treatment with aromatase inhibitors and CDK4/6i.
Assessing differential personal information value with social discounting and hypothetical payment tasks with university students
Authors: Battaglia Jacob , Hayashi Yusuke , Romanowich Paul 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDifferent personal information types are shared at different rates during a social‐discounting task. However, it is unclear whether differences in social‐discounting rates between different personal information types are related to differences in valuing personal information. To assess the value of personal information more directly, 160 university student participants completed four hypothetical purchase tasks (HPT) for protecting identification, health, security, and financial personal information at 17 ascending price points and a social‐discounting task for one of those four different personal information types. The results for social discounting partially replicated those of a previous study where discounting rates for health information were higher than those for financial information. The results for the HPT largely mirrored those for the social‐discounting task. The demand for protecting financial information was significantly higher relative to the that for the other three types of personal information for most demand indices such as the highest price participants were willing to pay for the protection of personal information (break point) and the price where consumption for personal information protection became elastic (Pmax). However, there were no significant relations between social‐discounting rate and HPT demand indices. These results show that value may play a role in the observed differences in social‐discounting rate for personal information, but additional factors likely contribute to these differences.