bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes: distribution and application
Authors: Mügge Carolin , Heine Thomas , Baraibar Alvaro Gomez , van Berkel Willem J. H. , Paul Caroline E. , Tischler Dirk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmino groups derived from naturally abundant amino acids or (di)amines can be used as “shuttles” in nature for oxygen transfer to provide intermediates or products comprising N-O functional groups such as N-hydroxy, oxazine, isoxazolidine, nitro, nitrone, oxime, C-, S-, or N-nitroso, and azoxy units. To this end, molecular oxygen is activated by flavin, heme, or metal cofactor-containing enzymes and transferred to initially obtain N-hydroxy compounds, which can be further functionalized. In this review, we focus on flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes, which play a major role in the production of secondary metabolites, such as siderophores or antimicrobial agents. Flavoprotein monooxygenases of higher organisms (among others, in humans) can interact with nitrogen-bearing secondary metabolites or are relevant with respect to detoxification metabolism and are thus of importance to understand potential medical applications. Many enzymes that catalyze N-hydroxylation reactions have specific substrate scopes and others are rather relaxed. The subsequent conversion towards various N-O or N-N comprising molecules is also described. Overall, flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes can accept amines, diamines, amino acids, amino sugars, and amino aromatic compounds and thus provide access to versatile families of compounds containing the N-O motif. Natural roles as well as synthetic applications are highlighted.

Key points• N-O and N-N comprising natural and (semi)synthetic products are highlighted.• Flavin-based NMOs with respect to mechanism, structure, and phylogeny are reviewed.• Applications in natural product formation and synthetic approaches are provided.
Low‐cost Fluorescein as an Alternative to Radio‐colloid for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy—a Prospective Validation Study in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Valiveru Ramya C. , Agarwal Gaurav , Agrawal Vinita , Gambhir Sanjay , Mayilvaganan Sabaretnam , Chand Gyan , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Amit , Mishra Saroj K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using radio‐pharmaceutical (RP) and a blue dye is gold standard for axillary staging in clinically node‐negative early breast cancer. High costs and limited availability of RP and/or gamma probe are major deterrents in performing SLNB in developing countries. Fluorescence‐guided SLNB can obviate the need for RP and gamma probe. Fluorescein is an inexpensive fluorescent lymphatic tracer. In this study, we compared SLN identification rate (SLN‐IR) and false negative rates (FNR) of fluorescein‐guided SLNB and radio‐guided SLNB using 99mTc‐Sulfur‐colloid, in isolation, or in combination with methylene blue dye (MBD).MethodsSixty‐five cN0 early and large operable breast cancer patients underwent validation SLNB using fluorescein (and blue LED light), 99mTc‐Sulfur‐colloid (and gamma probe) and MBD. Inj Fluorescein 4% was injected, 1 ml each peri‐tumoral and sub‐areolar five minutes before axillary incision. Axillary dissection was performed irrespective of SLNB histology. The SLN‐IR and FNR with various tracers and their combinations were compared.ResultsThe mean number of SLNs identified was 3.5 ± 1.8 (range 1–6). The SLN‐IR using RP alone was 94%, fluorescein alone was 92%, and MBD alone was 82%. The SLN‐IR using fluorescein plus MBD combination was 95.4%, compared to 97% using MBD plus RP combination. FNR was 6.3% using fluorescein plus MBD, as well as RP plus MBD combinations.ConclusionsSLN‐IR of > 90% and SLN‐FNR of < 10% using fluorescein plus MBD combination are in acceptable range, and are comparable to that of RP plus MBD combination. Fluorescein can replace RP for performing SLNB, in combination with MBD.
Resektion einer submakulären Traktionsmembran bei ausgeprägter Visusminderung
Authors: Rüger A. , Eichhorst A. , Wienrich R. , Siebolts U. , Fiorentzis M. 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungEine 89-jährige Patientin stellte sich mit akuter Visusminderung am linken Auge vor. Bei der Fundoskopie zeigten sich große Zellen im Glaskörperraum. Es wurde eine Therapie bei Verdacht auf ein intraokuläres Lymphom begonnen. Bei der Pars-plana-Vitrektomie bei einer Ablatio retinae fand sich kein Anhalt für einen lymphoproliferativen Prozess im histologischen Präparat der Retinektomie nach Resektion einer subretinalen Traktionsmembran. Die Diagnose einer durchgebrochenen chorioidalen Neovaskularisation (CNV) mit subretinaler Membranbildung („peripheral exsudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy“ [PEHCR]) wurde gestellt. Es zeigte sich kein Anhalt für Malignität. Die Resektion einer subretinalen Traktionsmembran kann eine Herausforderung für den vitreoretinalen Chirurgen darstellen, bietet aber die Möglichkeit einer Visusbesserung.
Quadriceps tendon vs. patellar tendon autograft for ACL reconstruction using a hardware-free press-fit fixation technique: comparable stability, function and return-to-sport level but less donor site morbidity in athletes after 10 years
Authors: Barié Alexander , Sprinckstub Thomas , Huber Jürgen , Jaber Ayham 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe use of quadriceps tendon–patellar bone (QTB) autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is gaining momentum. Yet, long-term results that compare this procedure with established methods are lacking. The aim of this study was to report and compare long-term results of ACL reconstruction using QTB autografts versus bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autografts, both anchored using a hardware-free press-fit fixation technique.Materials and methods60 athletes (Tegner score ≥6) with primary ACL rupture were prospectively randomized into two groups. 56 patients were evaluated after a mean duration of 12.2 ± 1.9 months (range 10–14) and 43 patients after 10.3 ± 0.2 years (range 10–11).ResultsOn final follow-up, 90% of patients scored very good and good results in the functional Lysholm score (mean 99 ± 7.1, range 74–100 points). Normal or almost normal IKDC score was reported by 84% of the patients (mean 97 ± 9.5, range 60–100 points). The activity level decreased in the Tegner score from median of 7 before injury to 6 after 10 years. The KT-1000 arthrometer showed a difference in the anterior translation of less than 3 mm (mean 1.0 ± 1.2, range − 1 to 5 mm) in 91% of the patients. Significant degeneration was radiologically detected in one patient per group. No tunnel widening was seen in any patient. Up to 97% of all patients were satisfied with the operative procedure. No significant differences were found in the mentioned parameters between the two groups and also in comparison with the 1-year results. The only significant difference was in the donor site morbidity. Significantly more patients in the BPTB group had complaints during kneeling both at 1 (p < 0.001) and 10 years (p = 0.019). Squatting was also subjectively more problematic in the BPTB group than in the QTB group both after 1 (p = 0.003) and 10 years (p = 0.046).ConclusionsThis study shows equally good functional, clinical and radiological long-term results for both hardware-free methods of ACL reconstruction. These results clinically confirm the safety of press-fit anchoring after 10 years. The failure rate in this study was very low, with only one re-rupture in 10 years. The increased donor site morbidity when using the BPTB autograft compared to the QTB autograft supports already reported data. It was also seen in this study for the implant-free press-fit techniques.Study designProspective and randomized, level of evidence 2.
Skeletal muscle index is an independent predictor of early recurrence in non-obese colon cancer patients
Authors: Schaffler-Schaden Dagmar , Mittermair Christof , Birsak Theresa , Weiss Michael , Hell Tobias , Schaffler Gottfried , Weiss Helmut 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Progressive loss (sarcopenia) and fatty infiltration of muscle mass (myosteatosis) are well-established risk factors for an adverse clinical outcome in obese patients. Data concerning non-obese sarcopenic patients in oncologic surgery are scarce and heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis in non-obese patients with cancer of the right colon on clinical outcome.

Methods
This study comprised 85 patients with a BMI < 30 kg/m2, who underwent surgery for right colon cancer in a single center. Skeletal muscle area (SMA), visceral fat area (VFA), and myosteatosis were retrospectively assessed using preoperative abdominal CT images. Univariate und multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the association between body composition, complications, and oncologic follow-up.

Results
Traditional risk factors such as visceral fat (p = 0.8653), BMI (p = 0.8033), myosteatosis (p = 0.7705), and sarcopenia (p = 0.3359) failed to show any impact on postoperative complications or early recurrence. In our cohort, the skeletal muscle index (SMI) was the only significant predictor for early cancer recurrence (p = 0.0467).

Conclusion
SMI is a significant prognostic factor for early cancer recurrence in non-obese colon cancer patients. Our study shows that conventional thresholds for sarcopenia and BMI do not seem to be reliable across various cohorts. Target prehabilitation programs could be useful to improve outcome after colorectal surgery.

Trial Registration
DRKS00014655, www.apps.who.int/trialsearch
Spatial and developmental synthesis of endogenous sesquiterpene lactones supports function in growth regulation of sunflower
Authors: Spring Otmar , Schmauder Katharina , Lackus Nathalie D. , Schreiner Jasmin , Meier Carolin , Wellhausen Jan , Smith Lisa V. , Frey Maximilian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
Tissue-specific occurrence and formation of endogenous sesquiterpene lactones has been assessed and suggests physiological function as antagonists of auxin-induced plant growth in sunflower.

Abstract
Sunflower, Helianthus annuus, accumulate high concentrations of bioactive sesquiterpene lactones (STL) in glandular trichomes, but in addition, structurally different STL occur in only trace amounts in the inner tissues. The spatial and temporal production of these endogenous STL during early phases of plant development is widely unknown and their physiological function as putative natural growth regulators is yet speculative. By means of HPLC and MS analysis it was shown that costunolide, dehydrocostuslactone, 8-epixanthatin and tomentosin are already present in dry seeds and can be extracted in low amounts from cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots of seedlings during the first days after germination. Semi-quantitative and RT-qPCR experiments with genes of the key enzymes of two independent routes of the endogenous STL biosynthesis confirmed the early and individual expression in these organs and revealed a gradual down regulation during the first 72–96 h after germination. Light irradiation of the plants led to a fast, but transient increase of STL in parts of the hypocotyl which correlated with growth retardation of the stem. One-sided external application of costunolide on hypocotyls conferred reduced growth of the treated side, thus resulting in the curving of the stem towards the side of the application. This indicates the inhibiting effects of STL on plant growth. The putative function of endogenous STL in sunflower as antagonists of auxin in growth processes is discussed.
Efficient 1-Space Bounded Hypercube Packing Algorithm
Authors: Grzegorek Paulina , Januszewski Janusz , Zielonka Łukasz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA space bounded $$ O(d/\log d)$$

O
(
d
/
log
d
)

-competitive hypercube packing algorithm with one active bin only is presented. As a starting point we give a simple 1-space bounded hypercube packing algorithm with competitive ratio $$ (3/2)^{d}+O((21/16)^d)$$

(
3
/
2
)

d

+
O

(

(
21
/
16
)

d

)

, for $$d\ge 3.$$

d
≥
3
.
The UEFA Champions League seeding is not strategy-proof since the 2015/16 season
Authors: Csató László 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFairness has several interpretations in sports, one of them being that the rules should guarantee incentive compatibility, namely, a team cannot be worse off due to better results in any feasible scenario. The current seeding regime of the most prestigious annual European club football tournament, the UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) Champions League, is shown to violate this requirement since the 2015/16 season. In particular, if the titleholder qualifies for the first pot by being a champion in a high-ranked league, its slot is given to a team from a lower-ranked association, which can harm a top club from the domestic championship of the titleholder. However, filling all vacancies through the national leagues excludes the presence of perverse incentives. UEFA is encouraged to introduce this policy from the 2021-24 cycle onwards.
LGBQ+ Self-Acceptance and Its Relationship with Minority Stressors and Mental Health: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Camp Jake , Vitoratou Silia , Rimes Katharine A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and with other non-heterosexual orientations (LGBQ+) experience stigma, prejudice, and/or discrimination because of their sexuality. According to minority stress and identity development theories, these experiences can contribute to difficulties with self-acceptance of sexuality. Lower self-acceptance is considered a risk factor for adverse mental health outcomes. The current review aims to investigate whether self-acceptance of sexuality is associated with minority stressors or difficulties with mental health in LGBQ+ individuals, as well as whether there are differences in self-acceptance between different sexual orientations. Five bibliographic databases were searched. Thirteen studies were identified which used quantitative methodology to investigate associations between self-acceptance, minority stressors, and/or mental health within LGBQ+ samples, or differences in self-acceptance between different sexual orientations. The results from these cross-sectional studies suggested that lower self-acceptance of sexuality was associated with higher levels of self-reported minority stressors, including a lack of acceptance from friends and family, a lack of disclosure to others, and internalized heterosexism. Lower self-acceptance of sexuality was associated with poorer mental health outcomes, including greater global distress, depression symptoms, and lower psychological well-being. There was no significant relationship with suicidality. Studies also found that LGBQ+ individuals had lower general self-acceptance compared to heterosexual participants, bisexual individuals had lower sexuality self-acceptance compared to lesbian/gay individuals, and lesbian women had lower sexuality self-acceptance compared to gay men. Given the potential importance of self-acceptance for LGBQ+ populations, further research is required with more robust methodology. Self-acceptance could be a potential target in clinical interventions for LGBQ+ individuals.
Earth Observations for Monitoring Marine Coastal Hazards and Their Drivers
Authors: Melet A. , Teatini P. , Le Cozannet G. , Jamet C. , Conversi A. , Benveniste J. , Almar R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoastal zones have large social, economic and environmental values. They are more densely populated than the hinterland and concentrate large economic assets, critical infrastructures and human activities such as tourism, fisheries, navigation. Furthermore, coastal oceans are home to a wealth of living marine resources and very productive ecosystems. Yet, coastal zones are exposed to various natural and anthropogenic hazards. To reduce the risks associated with marine hazards, sustained coastal zone monitoring programs, forecasting and early warning systems are increasingly needed. Earth observations (EO), and in particular satellite remote sensing, provide invaluable information: satellite-borne sensors allow an effective monitoring of the quasi-global ocean, with synoptic views of large areas, good spatial and temporal resolution, and sustained time-series covering several years to decades. However, satellite observations do not always meet the precision required by users, in particular in dynamic coastal zones, characterized by shorter-scale variability. A variety of sensors are used to directly monitor the coastal zone and their observations can also be integrated into numerical models to provide a full 4D monitoring of the ocean and forecasts. Here, we review how EO, and more particularly satellite observations, can monitor coastal hazards and their drivers. These include coastal flooding, shoreline changes, maritime security, marine pollution, water quality, and marine ecology shifts on the one hand, and several physical characteristics (bathymetry, topography, vertical land motion) of coastal zones, meteorological and oceanic (metocean) variables that can act as forcing factors for coastal hazards on the other hand.
Simplified activity cliff network representations with high interpretability and immediate access to SAR information
Authors: Hu Huabin , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractActivity cliffs (ACs) consist of structurally similar compounds with a large difference in potency against their target. Accordingly, ACs introduce discontinuity in structure-activity relationships (SARs) and are a prime source of SAR information. In compound data sets, the vast majority of ACs are formed by differently sized groups of structurally similar compounds with large potency variations. As a consequence, many of these compounds participate in multiple ACs. This coordinated formation of ACs increases their SAR information content compared to ACs considered as individual compound pairs, but complicates AC analysis. In network representations, coordinated ACs give rise to clusters of varying size and topology, which can be interactively and computationally analyzed. While AC networks are indispensable tools to study coordinated ACs, they become difficult to navigate and interpret in the presence of clusters of increasing size and complex topologies. Herein, we introduce reduced network representations that transform AC networks into an easily interpretable format from which SAR information in the form of R-group tables can be readily obtained. The simplified network variant greatly improves the interpretability of large and complex AC networks and substantially supports SAR exploration.
A transformation of human operation approach to inform system design for automation
Authors: Micheler Simon , Goh Yee Mey , Lohse Niels 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDesign of automation system relies on experts’ knowledge and experience accumulated from past solutions. In designing novel solutions, however, it is difficult to apply past knowledge and achieve design right-first-time, therefore wasting valuable resources and time. SADT/IDEF0 models are commonly used by automation experts to model manufacturing systems based on the manual process. However, function generalisation without benchmarking is difficult for experts particularly for complex and highly skilled-based tasks. This paper proposes a functional task abstraction approach to support automation design specification based on human factor attributes. A semi-automated clustering approach is developed to identify key functions from an observed manual process. The proposed approach is tested on five different automation case studies. The results indicate the proposed method reduces inconsistency in task abstraction when compared to the current approach that relies on the experts, which are further validated against the solutions generated by automation experts.
The potential of biocarbon as CO2 adsorbent in VPSA unit
Authors: Majchrzak-Kucęba Izabela , Sołtysik Marcelina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe best solution to the main environmental problem seems to be CO2 capture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The activated carbons derived from biomass have attracted extensive attention as solid adsorbent for carbon dioxide capture process. In this work, we focus on examining the properties of biochar (non-activated porous carbon) produced from biomass. Physicochemical properties of the biochar were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. In order to evaluate the possibility of using biocarbons for CO2 adsorption in large-scale VPSA units, investigations of these adsorbents in laboratory are necessary. The paper present the potential of biochar for CO2 capture in VPSA unit. The examination of the CO2 sorptive capability, stability and regeneration performance of biochar was carried out using a Mettler-Toledo TGA/SDTA 851e thermobalance and TG-Vacuum system. The sorption of CO2 was carried out isothermally in a flow of a mixture of gasses: CO2 (100 vol.%) and CO2 (16 vol.%)/N2 (84 vol.%). The commercial biochar showed a sorption performance for CO2 up to 26.4 mg CO2 g−1 adsorbent at 30 °C and 30 bar. Repeated use of the adsorbent in the sorption/desorption cycle did not affect its performance, which indicates high sorption stability.
Do changes in the residential location lead to changes in travel attitudes? A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: De Vos Jonas , Cheng Long , Witlox Frank 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have found that travel attitudes might not only affect travel behavior, but also the residential location choice as people might choose a residential location based on their travel preferences and needs (i.e. transport-related residential self-selection). However, it might also be possible that the residential location and travel behavior influence attitudes towards travel. In this study—using quasi-longitudinal data—we analyze how a change in the residential environment affects attitudes towards specific modes, both directly and indirectly through changes in mode frequency (of commute and leisure trips). Using a structural equation modeling approach on 1650 recently relocated residents in the city of Ghent, Belgium, this study indicates that moving to a more urban type of neighborhood improves attitudes towards public transport and active travel. Especially for leisure trips the effects from changes in the built environment on attitudes are partly indirect through changes in mode frequency. This study offers new insights into the links between the built environment, travel behavior and attitudes. We provide further evidence that the built environment influences travel attitudes, but also indicate that these effects are partly mediated by travel mode frequency.