bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosuvastatin use increases plasma fibrinolytic potential: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Schol‐Gelok Suzanne , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Biedermann Joseph S. , van Gelder Teun , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Lijfering Willem M. , van der Meer Felix J. M. , Rijken Dingeman C. , Versmissen Jorie , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe conducted a study to assess the effect of rosuvastatin use on fibrinolysis in patients with previous venous thromboembolism (VTE). This was apost hocanalysis within the STAtins Reduce Thrombophilia (START) study (NCT01613794). Plasma fibrinolytic potential, fibrinogen, plasmin inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) were measured before and after four weeks of rosuvastatin or no treatment in participants with prior confirmed VTE, after ending anticoagulant therapy. In the non‐rosuvastatin group (n = 121), plasma fibrinolytic potential and individual fibrinolysis parameters did not change at the end of the study versus the baseline, whereas in the rosuvastatin group (n = 126), plasma fibrinolytic potential increased: the mean clot lysis time decreased by 8·75 min (95% CI −13·8 to −3·72), and plasmin inhibitor levels and TAFI activity were lower at the end of the study (−0·05 U/ml; 95% CI −0·07 to −0·02 and −4·77%; 95% CI −6·81 to −2·73, respectively). PAI‐1 levels did not change and fibrinogen levels were 0·17 g/l (95% CI 0·04–0·29) higher. In participants with prior VTE, rosuvastatin use led to an increased fibrinolytic potential compared with non‐statin use. Our findings support the need for further studies on the possible role for statins in the secondary prevention of VTE.
Agouti reintroduction recovers seed dispersal of a large‐seeded tropical tree
Authors: Mittelman Pedro , Kreischer Catharina , Pires Alexandra S. , Fernandez Fernando A. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of animal reintroductions has mainly been species recovery; only few reintroduction initiatives focus on ecosystem restoration. Therefore, reintroduction consequences on ecological interactions are seldom assessed. We used the interaction between a reintroduced population of agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) and a vulnerable tropical endemic tree (Joannesia princeps) to examine reintroduction effects on seed dispersal and seedling establishment. To test the outcomes of this interaction, we tracked seeds of J. princeps in two adjacent forest areas with and without reintroduced agoutis. We also assessed if dispersal distances affected seedling survival. To determine seed fate and dispersal distance, we used spool‐and‐line tracking, together with camera traps to identify dispersers. Agoutis were the only species removing J. princeps seeds, thus dispersal only occurred where agoutis had been reintroduced; in the area without agoutis, all seeds remained intact on the soil, even one year after the experiment's beginning. At the reintroduction area, most seeds were preyed upon by agoutis but 7% remained dispersed and 2% germinated after ten months. Only seeds buried by agoutis were able to germinate. Most dispersed seeds were dispersed 15 m or farther and longer dispersal distances benefited J. princeps, since seedlings farther from a conspecific adult tree had greater survival probability. Agoutis were also seen burying seeds of two other plant species; these mammals have the potential to benefit dozens of large‐seeded species in our study system. Agouti reintroduction thus exemplifies the value of trophic rewilding programs to re‐establish ecological interactions and restore ecosystem functioning.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material
The effects of repeated usage of implant drills on cortical bone temperature, primary/secondary stability and bone healing: A preclinical in vivo micro‐CT study
Authors: Salimov Fariz , Ozcan Mustafa , Ucak Turer Onur , Haytac Cenk M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of new vs. used drills on cortical bone temperature, operation time, and primary/secondary stability and to assess bone healing by micro‐CT.Materials and MethodsNew, 50×‐used and 100×‐used drills at 800 rpm were used to place implants in the iliac crests of three male sheep in this experimental in vivo animal study. A total of 36 implants (12 in each group) were placed. The temperature of the cortical bone was recorded with an infrared thermometer, and the ISQ values at implant placement (primary stability) and at 4 weeks (secondary stability) were evaluated. The bone volume assessed by micro‐CT was used to evaluate bone tissue healing. The results were statistically compared.ResultsThe results have shown that the operation time and the cortical bone temperature increased by the usage of the drills (p < .05) and the primary/secondary stability (ISQ values) decreased with the number of drill usage (p < .05) The highest 2‐ and 3‐dimensional bone volume (assessed by micro‐CT) were noted for new drills group followed by 50×‐used drills and 100×‐used drills (p < .05 at 4 weeks).ConclusionThe number of drill usage seems to be directly affecting the osseointegration process in implant surgery. Therefore, replacing the drills at certain time intervals may increase the success of implant treatment.
Use of protective gloves by hairdressers: A review of efficacy and potential adverse effects
Authors: Havmose Martin , Thyssen Jacob P. , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOccupational hand eczema is common among hairdressers, and protective gloves are important in limiting exposure to irritants and allergens. Various glove types may differ in their protective ability, and their use may lead to hand eczema due to skin irritancy and allergy. MEDLINE was searched for studies investigating permeation of gloves to irritants and allergens used in the hairdressing trade, as well as adverse effects of glove use affecting hairdressers. Forty‐four studies were identified; nine reported on permeation. Of those, two in vitro studies found nitrile rubber (NR) gloves to give the best protection when handling hair dyes. Polyethylene (PE) gloves had the lowest reported break‐through time. The prevalence of sensitization to rubber materials in European hairdressers was as follows: thiuram mix, median 2.5% (range 0%‐8.2%), weighted average 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0%‐3.1%); mercapto mix, median 0.4% (range 0%‐3.3%), weighted average 0.5% (95% CI 0.47%‐0.50%), mercaptobenzothiazole, median 0.6% (range 0%‐6.6%), weighted average 0.7% (95% CI 0.6%‐0.7%), NRL‐type I allergy, median 1.3% (range 1%‐16.4%), weighted average 4.0% (95% CI 3.6%‐4.5%). In conclusion, NR gloves provide the best skin protection for hairdressers, although natural rubber latex (NRL) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) gloves may be sufficient in most cases. PE gloves are not recommended. Synthetic rubber gloves with low or no levels of accelerators are preferred.
Beyond Consistency: Contextual Dependency of Language Style in Monolog and Conversation
Authors: Müller‐Frommeyer Lena C. , Kauffeld Simone , Paxton Alexandra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLanguage is highly dynamic: It unfolds over time, and we can use it to achieve a wide variety of communicative goals, from telling a story to trying to persuade another person. One aspect of language that has gained increasing popularity among researchers in the last several decades is the individual language style (LS) represented by an individual’s use of function words (e.g., pronouns, articles). Previous approaches to LS mostly focus on LS of one individual in isolation, paying less attention to the fact that language emerges from interaction with others. The aim of this paper is twofold: First, we integrate LS into a dynamical theoretical framework and present an innovative methodological approach. Second, this paper aims to address how interactive conversation—as an aspect of the communicative setting—changes an individual’s LS. We use recurrence quantification analysis to look at structure in patterns of LS in monologs and conversations of 118 participants. Our results showed that LS significantly differs from monolog to conversation, and post hoc analyses further revealed that the change in LS is greater for conflict than for friendly conversations. The difference between monologs and conversations is reflected more strongly in the dynamics (i.e., structure and complexity) of LS than the proportion of function words used. Theoretical implications and directions for future studies are discussed.
Survival value of primary tumour resection for stage IV non–small‐cell lung cancer: A population‐based study of 6466 patients
Authors: Xu Jing , Fan Lulu , Yu Hanqing , Lu Donghui , Peng Wanren , Sun Guoping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionFor stage IV non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, surgical resection of primary tumour was rarely recommended.ObjectivesWe conducted this population‐based study to demonstrate the survival value of primary tumour resection (PTR) for stage IV (NSCLC).MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was searched for selecting stage IV NSCLC patients. The patients were matched according to age, gender, grade, primary tumour site, histopathological type, tumour size and regional lymph nodes metastasis by propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Kaplan‐Meier curves were presented to show the survival differences between resection group and non‐resection group. Risk factors which were supposed to influence survival outcome were investigated using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. And a nomogram was performed to present prognostic factors for stage IV NSCLC patients.Results6466 patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2015 were included in survival analyses after PSM. The median overall survival (OS) for overall patients with resection was 27 months, much longer than those without resection (8 months). And this trend remained in subgroup analyses, including different histopathological types and distant metastases (All P values < 0.001). Younger age, race other than white and black, female, grade 1/2 (G1/G2), PTR, chemotherapy, no other distant metastases, smaller tumour size and no regional lymph node metastases were favourable prognostic factors for stage IV NSCLC. A predictive nomogram was conducted based on above risk factors.ConclusionPTR prolonged survival of stage IV NSCLC patients. And PTR should be considered in clinical practice for stage IV NSCLC.
Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy
Authors: Alter Mareike , Mengoni Miriam , Gaffal Evelyn 
Published: April 2020

SummarySkin lesions associated with internal malignancy may present as cutaneous metastases or as typical lesions occurring in the context of certain cancer‐associated genetic syndromes. Paraneoplastic syndromes, on the other hand, are only indirectly associated with an underlying malignancy and are not malignant per se. Historically, a distinction has been made between “obligate” and “facultative” paraneoplastic disorders, depending on the likelihood with which they are potentially associated with malignancy. In addition, there are nonspecific cutaneous manifestations that are only rarely associated with an underlying malignancy. Another possible classification is based on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cutaneous lesions. In everyday practice, it is essential that dermatologists recognize potentially cancer‐associated dermatoses, as this will frequently contribute to the initial diagnosis of an underlying neoplasm.
Treatment of transfusion‐dependent congenital dyserythropoietic anemia Type I patients with pegylated interferon alpha‐2a
Authors: Abu‐Quider Abed , Asleh Mahdi , Shalev Hanna , Fruchtman Yariv , Ben‐Harosh Meriam , Beck Guy , Kapelushnik Josef 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivePegylated IFN‐α2a has been reported in two case reports as being efficacious in treating CDA‐I patients. This study aims to assess its efficacy on a series of CDA‐I patients.MethodsStudy sample consisted of seven CDA type 1 transfusion‐dependent patients. They received pegylated interferon alpha‐2a at an initial dose of 90‐180 µg once a week, tapered according to clinical response and side effects. Good response was defined as Hb ≥ 10 g/dL for ≥3 months, partial response was defined as 7 ≤ Hb<10 g/dL for ≥3 months, and no response was defined as HB < 7 g/dL for over 3 months on treatment. Time to response was defined as the time needed to achieve hemoglobin levels ≥ 10 g/dL without transfusion. Patients were evaluated periodically by abdominal ultrasounds to rule out liver adenomas.ResultsFive patients (71%) had a good response to treatment. One patient stopped treatment due to side effects. One patient had partial response. One patient, with more severe phenotype and poor compliance, had poor response to treatment. No abnormal findings were found in ultrasound examination. No effect on serum ferritin level could be established.ConclusionPegylated interferon α2a therapy is efficacious in CDA‐I patients with a reasonable safety profile.
The vaso‐occlusive pain crisis in sickle cell disease: Definition, pathophysiology, and management
Authors: Darbari Deepika S. , Sheehan Vivien A. , Ballas Samir K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarly diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of a vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC) are critical to the management of patients with sickle cell disease. It is essential to differentiate between VOC‐associated pain and chronic pain, hyperalgesia, neuropathy, and neuropathic pain. The pathophysiology of VOCs includes polymerization of abnormal sickle hemoglobin, inflammation, and adhesion. Hydroxyurea, L‐glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for reducing the frequency of VOCs; the European Medicines Agency has approved only hydroxyurea. Other novel treatments are in late‐stage clinical development in both the United States and the European Union. The development of agents for prevention and treatment of VOCs should be driven by our understanding of its pathophysiology.
Developmental decrease in parvalbumin‐positive neurons precedes increase in flurothyl‐induced seizure susceptibility in the Brd2+/− mouse model of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: McCarthy Emily , Shakil Faariah , Saint Ange Patrick , Morris Cameron Emily , Miller James , Pathak Shilpa , Greenberg David A. , Velíšková Jana , Velíšek Libor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveBRD2 is a human gene repeatedly linked to and associated with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Here, we define the developmental stage when increased seizure susceptibility first manifests in heterozygous Brd2+/‐ mice, an animal model of JME. We wanted to determine (1) whether seizure susceptibility correlates with the proven decrease of γ‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neuron numbers and (2) whether the seizure phenotype can be affected by sex hormones.MethodsHeterozygous (Brd2+/‐) and wild‐type (wt) mice of both sexes were tested for flurothyl‐induced seizure susceptibility at postnatal day 15 (P15; wt, n = 13; Brd2+/‐, n = 20), at P30 (wt, n = 20; Brd2+/‐, n = 20), and in adulthood (5‐6 months of age; wt, n = 10; Brd2+/‐, n = 12). We measured latency to clonic and tonic‐clonic seizure onset (flurothyl threshold). We also compared relative density of parvalbumin‐positive (PVA+) and GAD67+ GABA neurons in the striatum and primary motor (M1) neocortex of P15 (n = 6‐13 mice per subgroup) and P30 (n = 7‐10 mice per subgroup) mice. Additional neonatal Brd2+/‐ mice were injected with testosterone propionate (females) or formestane (males) and challenged with flurothyl at P30.ResultsP15 Brd2+/‐ mice showed no difference in seizure susceptibility compared to P15 wt mice. However, even at this early age, Brd2+/‐ mice showed fewer PVA+ neurons in the striatum and M1 neocortex. Compared to wt, the striatum in Brd2+/‐ mice showed an increased proportion of immature PVA+ neurons, with smaller cell bodies and limited dendritic arborization. P30 Brd2+/− mice displayed increased susceptibility to flurothyl‐induced clonic seizures compared to wt. Both genotype and sex strongly influenced the density of PVA+ neurons in the striatum. Susceptibility to clonic seizures remained increased in adult Brd2+/‐ mice, and additionally there was increased susceptibility to tonic‐clonic seizures. In P30 females, neonatal testosterone reduced the number of flurothyl‐induced clonic seizures.SignificanceA decrease in striatal PVA+ GABAergic neurons developmentally precedes the onset of increased seizure susceptibility and likely contributes to the expression of the syndrome.
Betas versus characteristics: A practical perspective
Authors: Nazaire Gregory , Pacurar Maria , Sy Oumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe apply a new dummy‐variable method to examine which factor exposures (betas) and characteristics provide independent information for US stock returns in the context of the multifactor models of Hou, Xue, and Zhang and of Fama and French. We find that betas related to market, size, value, momentum, investment, and profitability factors are not priced. In contrast, firm characteristics related to size, value, investment, and profitability have significant and independent explanatory power, suggesting that they are important in determining expected returns. Finally, the cross‐sectional effect of momentum is subsumed when the return on equity is factored in.
Desensitisation of the distal forelimb following intrathecal anaesthesia of the carpal sheath in horses
Authors: Miagkoff Ludovic , Bonilla Alvaro G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of intrathecal anaesthesia of the carpal sheath on distal forelimb sensitivity in horses remains unknown.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of carpal sheath anaesthesia on skin sensitivity of the distal forelimb and to determine potential locations for desensitisation of palmar nerves.Study designIn vivo experimental and descriptive anatomical studies.MethodsMepivacaine hydrochloride 2% (0.6 mg/kg) was injected unilaterally in the carpal sheath of 8 horses. Mechanical nociception of the distal forelimb was measured with a dynamometer and compared with the control limb at t0, t15, t30, t60, t90, t120 and t180 minutes. Additionally, the carpal sheath of 10 pairs of cadaveric limbs was injected with latex and potential locations for anaesthetic diffusion to the neighbouring nerves were identified during longitudinal dissection (one limb) and in 3‐cm‐thick transverse cuts (opposite limb).ResultsSix of 8 horses (75%) were completely desensitised at the level of both heel bulbs. Anaesthetic injection was not smooth in the 2 horses without desensitisation. Desensitisation started between 30 and 60 minutes in 67% of desensitised heel bulbs (8/12), and 50% (6/12) of them were still completely desensitised at 180 minutes. Cadaveric specimens revealed close proximity between the sheath and the medial palmar nerve as it travels inside the mesotenon of the digital flexor tendons in the carpal region and with both palmar nerves at the proximal metacarpal region.Main limitationsSkin mechanical nociception does not necessarily correlate with deep pain but remains the main clinical tool used by practitioners to assess distal limb anaesthesia.ConclusionsIntrathecal anaesthesia of the carpal sheath led to distal limb skin desensitisation through diffusion to the palmar nerves at 2 possible locations. Carpal sheath anaesthesia should be interpreted within 15 minutes following injection and anaesthetic blocks distal to the carpus should be delayed for more than 3 hours following carpal sheath anaesthesia.
Linking intraspecific variability in trophic and functional niches along an environmental gradient
Authors: Raffard Allan , Santoul Frédéric , Blanchet Simon , Cucherousset Julien 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Intraspecific trophic variability has important ecological and evolutionary implications, and is driven by multiple interacting factors. Functional traits and environmental conditions are important in mediating the trophic niche of individuals because they determine their ability to consume certain prey, their energetic requirements, and resource availability. In this study, we aimed at investigating the interacting effects of functional traits and environmental conditions on several attributes of trophic niche in natural populations.

Here, we quantified intraspecific variability in the trophic niche of 12 riverine populations of European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) using stable isotope analyses. Functional traits (i.e. morpho‐anatomical traits) and environmental conditions (i.e. upstream–downstream gradient, forest cover) were quantified to identify the determinants of (1) trophic position and resource origin, (2) trophic niche size, and (3) trophic differentiation (β‐diversity) among populations.

We demonstrated that trophic position and resource origin covaried with functional traits related to body size and locomotion performance, and that the strength and shape of these relationships varied according to local environmental conditions. The trophic niche size also differed among populations, although no determinant was identified. Finally, trophic β‐diversity was correlated to environmental differentiation among sites.

Overall, the determinants of intraspecific variability in trophic niche appeared highly context‐dependent, and related to the interactions between functional traits and environmental conditions. Because populations are currently facing important environmental changes, understanding this context‐dependency is important for predicting food web structure and ecosystem dynamics in a changing world.
In situ S‐isotope compositions of sulfate and sulfide from the 3.2 Ga Moodies Group, South Africa: A record of oxidative sulfur cycling
Authors: Nabhan Sami , Marin‐Carbonne Johanna , Mason Paul R.D. , Heubeck Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSulfate minerals are rare in the Archean rock record and largely restricted to the occurrence of barite (BaSO4). The origin of this barite remains controversially debated. The mass‐independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes in these and other Archean sedimentary rocks suggests that photolysis of volcanic aerosols in an oxygen‐poor atmosphere played an important role in their formation. Here, we report on the multiple sulfur isotopic composition of sedimentary anhydrite in the ca. 3.22 Ga Moodies Group of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, southern Africa. Anhydrite occurs, together with barite and pyrite, in regionally traceable beds that formed in fluvial settings. Variable abundances of barite versus anhydrite reflect changes in sulfate enrichment by evaporitic concentration across orders of magnitude in an arid, nearshore terrestrial environment, periodically replenished by influxes of seawater. The multiple S‐isotope compositions of anhydrite and pyrite are consistent with microbial sulfate reduction. S‐isotope signatures in barite suggest an additional oxidative sulfate source probably derived from continental weathering of sulfide possibly enhanced by microbial sulfur oxidation. Although depositional environments of Moodies sulfate minerals differ strongly from marine barite deposits, their sulfur isotopic composition is similar and most likely reflects a primary isotopic signature. The data indicate that a constant input of small portions of oxidized sulfur from the continents into the ocean may have contributed to the observed long‐term increase in Δ33Ssulfate values through the Paleoarchean.