bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chang Julia , Sunwoo John B. , Shah Jennifer Lobo , Hara Wendy , Hong Jison , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Divi Vasu 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of immunosuppression on recurrence and mortality outcomes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after initial surgical treatment.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA single academic tertiary referral center.MethodsPatients with oral cavity SCC treated with initial surgery were included. Immunosuppressed versus nonimmunosuppressed groups were compared. Primary end points were 5‐year overall recurrence and all‐cause mortality. Secondary end points were recurrence subtypes (local, regional, and distant) and disease‐specific mortality.ResultsOf 803 patients with oral cavity SCC, 71 (9%) were immunosuppressed from therapeutic drug use (n = 48) or systemic disease (n = 23). The immunosuppressed group consisted of patients with a history of transplant (21%), autoimmune or pulmonary disorder (45%), hematologic malignancy or myeloproliferative disorder (30%), and HIV infection (3%). After adjusting for baseline variables of age, sex, comorbidities, pathologic tumor characteristics, and adjuvant treatment, all recurrence and mortality outcomes were worse in the immunosuppressed group. The multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratio for overall recurrence was 2.16 (95% CI, 1.50‐3.12; P <. 01), and all‐cause mortality was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.15‐2.78; P <. 01) in Cox regression analysis. The 2 groups were then matched in a 1:5 ratio according to the same baseline variables. All end points apart from disease‐specific mortality were significantly worse in the immunosuppressed group after matching.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that immunosuppression is associated with poor outcomes in oral cavity SCC, with an approximate 2‐fold increase in rates of recurrence and mortality. Future studies are needed to assess the risks and benefits of adjusting therapeutic immunosuppression in this population.
Tibial cortex transverse distraction in treating diabetic foot ulcers: what are we concerned about?
Authors: Fan Zhi-Qiang , Yu Zhi-Hao , Zheng Jing-Zhou , Yu Bao-Fu , Liu De-Wu 
Published: September 2020

Objective To assess the effect and complications of tibial cortex transverse distraction (TCTD) in treating diabetic foot ulcers and draw attention to the concerning issues of this procedure. Methods This case series included 30 patients with diabetic foot ulcers from four centers. The ulcers had not healed after >6 months. The patients then underwent TCTD combined with other procedures (debridement, vacuum sealing drainage, and others). All patients were followed up for >12 months postoperatively. Results Three patients underwent amputation because of aggravated infections. Tibial fractures occurred in two patients after surgery, and the fractures healed after 3 months of plaster fixation. Pin-site infections occurred in five patients, and the infected pin site healed after the patients underwent pin removal and dressing changes for 3.3 ± 2.1 weeks. The ulcers of the other 27 patients healed by 13.5 ± 8.2 weeks postoperatively, and the postoperative visual analog scale score was significantly lower than the preoperative score. Conclusions Although TCTD can be performed as an adjuvant treatment for diabetic foot ulcers, the effect should not be exaggerated and the complications should not be ignored. Further research is needed to propose a standard operative procedure and avoid postoperative complications such as tibial fractures.
Ab interno trabeculotomy combined with cataract extraction in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Chen Yuan-Zhi , Song Ai-Ping , Jin Wen-Yan , Yang Xiao , Dang Guang-Fu 
Published: September 2020

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ab interno trabeculotomy using the VISCO360® Viscosurgical System (Sight Sciences, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA) combined with cataract extraction in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods Patients with POAG who underwent ab interno trabeculotomy combined with cataract extraction were retrospectively analyzed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of antiglaucomatous medications, and complications were recorded preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Results Thirty-four patients (40 eyes) with POAG were included in this study, including 20 men (22 eyes) and 14 women (18 eyes). Compared with the preoperative IOP, the postoperative IOP was significantly lower at each time point. The greatest reduction in IOP was 60.7% at 1 month after surgery. The BCVA was also significantly improved at each postoperative time point. The number of antiglaucomatous medications used by the patients was significantly lower postoperatively than preoperatively. Conclusion Ab interno trabeculotomy combined with cataract extraction is effective and safe for treatment of POAG.
Analysis of the clinical features of pericentric inversion of chromosome 9
Authors: Xie Xiaolei , Li Fuguang , Tan Weihe , Tang Jiang 
Published: September 2020

Objective The pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (inv9) is one of the most common structural balanced chromosomal variations, and it is considered to be a normal population variant. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the clinical impact of patients with inv9. Methods We studied the karyotypes from 4853 patients at a single center and retrospectively reviewed their clinical data. Results There were 67 inv9 patients among 2988 adults, and 62 of them showed different clinical features, including male and female infertility, oligoasthenozoospermia, and azoospermia. Thirty-one cases of inv9 were found in 1865 fetuses, including two cases in chorionic villus (6.90%) and 29 in amniotic fluid (1.67%), but there were no cases in umbilical cord blood. The rates of fetal phenotype abnormal and adverse pregnancy outcome with inv9 in the chorionic villus were 100.00% (2/2), while only 17.24% (5/29) in the amniotic fluid showed abnormalities, among which 60.00% (3/5) had adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions Although there is no clear evidence that inv9 is pathogenic, the genetic counseling on inv9 in early pregnancy and adults needs to be given more attention.
Policy uncertainty in Australian financial markets
Authors: Smales Lee A. 
Published: September 2020

Economic policy touches most facets of corporate decision-making and variations in policy can elicit significant changes in financial performance and asset prices. We utilize the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) measure of Baker et al. to investigate the extent to which policy uncertainty influences Australian financial market returns. Our empirical results demonstrate that both domestic and global uncertainty have a significant negative impact on excess stock returns, changes in bond yields and Australian dollar (AUD) returns. The relationship is concentrated in the left tail of the return distribution and largely driven by increases in policy uncertainty. Although the identified relationship is negative throughout the sample period, the magnitude of the relationship appears to be state dependent and is influenced by periods of high uncertainty, recession and the lead-up to federal elections. The most plausible explanation for our results is that uncertainty about economic policy is channelled to financial markets via the discount rate effect, resulting in a higher risk premium. Our results are important for investors, corporate managers and policy makers wishing to navigate periods of policy uncertainty. JEL Classification: G10, G12, G14, G15
Return to Physical Activity After High Tibial Osteotomy or Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Pooling Data Analysis
Authors: Belsey James , Yasen Sam K. , Jobson Simon , Faulkner James , Wilson Adrian J. 
Published: September 2020

Background: The 2 most common definitive surgical interventions currently performed for the treatment of medial osteoarthritis of the knee are medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Research exists to suggest that physically active patients may be suitably indicated for either procedure despite HTO being historically indicated in active patients and UKA being more appropriate for sedentary individuals. Purpose: To help consolidate the current indications for both procedures regarding physical activity and to ensure that they are based on the best information presently available. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A search of the literature via the MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed databases was conducted independently by 2 reviewers in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies that reported patient physical activity levels with the Tegner activity score were eligible for inclusion. Patient demographics, operative variables, and patient-reported outcome scores were abstracted from the included studies. Results: Thirteen eligible studies were included, consisting of 401 knees that received HTO (399 patients) and 1622 that received UKA (1400 patients). The patients’ mean age at surgery was 48.4 years for the HTO group and 60.6 years for the UKA group. Mean follow-up was 46.6 months (HTO) and 53.4 months (UKA). All outcome scores demonstrated an equal or improved score for activity and knee function regardless of the operation performed. Operative variables during HTO had a larger effect on outcome than during UKA. Conclusion: Patients who underwent HTO were more physically active pre- and postoperatively, but patients undergoing UKA experienced an overall greater increase in their physical activity levels and knee function according to Tegner and Lysholm scores. Activity after HTO may be influenced by operative factors such as the implant used and the decision to include a graft material in the osteotomy gap, although this requires further research. Some studies found that patients were able to return to physical activity postoperatively despite having an age or body mass index that would traditionally be a relative contraindication for HTO or UKA.
The Power of Documentary Theatre to Promote Cross-National Understanding: Personal Impact of Performing With Their Voices Raised by Japanese and American Youth Actors
Authors: Liehr Patricia , Matsuda Yui , Ito Mio , Morris Kathryn , Nishimura Chie , Takahashi Ryutaro 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to share descriptions of the personal impact for cross-national youth actors (Japanese, American) who performed With Their Voices Raised ( Voices), a documentary theater script that shares the stories of Pearl Harbor and Hiroshima survivors who lived through the bombings of December 7, 1941, and August 6, 1945, respectively. Design/Methods: This was a descriptive exploratory focus group study conducted immediately after student-actors from Funairi High School in Hiroshima ( n = 15) and Farrington High School in Oahu, Hawaii ( n = 8), performed Voices. Data were content analyzed by a cross-national research team to address the question “What was the personal impact of performing Voices for Japanese and American youth actors?” Findings: There were three themes that crossed national boundaries: sense of power of the message from real-life people, new cross-national awareness, and moving beyond familiar history to engage and learn. The fourth theme distinguished the youth groups: for Japanese youth, performing Voices inspired an awareness of their local focus; for American youth, it enlivened youth-to-youth engagement as a learning approach. Conclusions: Documentary theater script is a creative, holistic approach with the potential to bridge divisiveness and promote cross-national understanding.
On unearned privilege in clinical practice
Authors: Little John D 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To explore what it might mean to be a white psychiatrist working in a white culture. Conclusions: Inequalities and power imbalances are maintained by person-blaming and the invisibility of structural inequality. Opportunities to recognise the effects of being privileged and working within a medical culture that compounds such inequality may be squandered without curiosity and action.
A happiness magnet? Reviewing the evidence for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder
Authors: Pridmore William , Pridmore Saxby 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: First, to conduct a historical review of the evidence for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for major depressive disorder and determine a clinical algorithm. Second, to identify opportunities for research. Methods: Literature searches were conducted of the MEDLINE database, UpToDate and the Australian National University Library SuperSearch from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2019. The search terms used were ‘transcranial magnetic stimulation’, ‘major depressive disorder’ and ‘depression’. Results: There were 24 meta-analyses identified, demonstrating a clear clinical effect. Left high-frequency rTMS had the most evidence. Ideal clinical parameters and study design were explored. Conclusion: Use of rTMS for some patients with depression is justified. Open research questions include the comparative efficacy of right low-frequency and bilateral stimulation, the role of rTMS in medication-naïve patients, and maintenance of effect.
Cryotherapy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review
Authors: Bailey Andrea G , Brown Jamie N , Hammond Julia M 
Published: September 2020

Objective Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is an adverse effect of certain chemotherapy agents that can result in dose reductions, permanent nerve damage, and chronic pain. Although pharmacological agents have been studied in this setting, there is no standard of care for the prevention of CIPN. Thus, the objective of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy and safety of cryotherapy for the prevention of CIPN. Data sources PubMed (1946 to February 2020) and Embase (1947 to February 2020) were utilized to conduct a literature search using the following search terms: antineoplastic agent(s), taxoid(s), or chemotherapy and neuralgia, peripheral nervous system diseases, peripheral neuropathy, or paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy and cryotherapy, cryotherapy device, hypothermia, low temperature procedures, or ice. Data summary A total of 11 studies were included in the final assessment. Results of this systematic review indicate that the efficacy of cryotherapy in preventing CIPN is conflicting. This may be due to studies utilizing differing cryotherapy administration methods, study design, and including only a small number of patients. All included studies utilized cryotherapy with taxane-based chemotherapy treatments and cooling gloves and socks was the most common method of administration. Overall, cryotherapy was well-tolerated and no serious adverse effects were noted. Conclusions Due to the absence of serious adverse effects, cryotherapy is a reasonable option to consider to prevent CIPN in patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy. However, additional research is needed, including larger, better designed studies, to fully delineate the role of cryotherapy for CIPN.
Venous Waveform Analysis Correlates With Echocardiography in Detecting Hypovolemia in a Rat Hemorrhage Model
Authors: Lefevre Ryan J. , Balzer Claudius , Baudenbacher Franz J. , Riess Matthias L. , Hernandez Antonio , Eagle Susan S. 
Published: September 2020

Background Assessing intravascular hypovolemia due to hemorrhage remains a clinical challenge. Central venous pressure (CVP) remains a commonly used monitor in surgical and intensive care settings for evaluating blood loss, despite well-described pitfalls of static pressure measurements. The authors investigated an alternative to CVP, intravenous waveform analysis (IVA) as a method for detecting blood loss and examined its correlation with echocardiography. Methods Seven anesthetized, spontaneously breathing male Sprague Dawley rats with right internal jugular central venous and femoral arterial catheters underwent hemorrhage. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, CVP, and IVA were assessed and recorded. Hemorrhage was performed until each rat had 25% estimated blood volume removed. IVA was obtained using fast Fourier transform and the amplitude of the fundamental frequency (f1) was measured. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed utilizing a parasternal short axis image of the left ventricle during hemorrhage. MAP, CVP, and IVA were compared with blood removed and correlated with left ventricular end diastolic area (LVEDA). Results All 7 rats underwent successful hemorrhage. MAP and f1 peak amplitude obtained by IVA showed significant changes with hemorrhage. MAP and f1 peak amplitude also significantly correlated with LVEDA during hemorrhage (R = 0.82 and 0.77, respectively). CVP did not significantly change with hemorrhage, and there was no significant correlation between CVP and LVEDA. Conclusions In this study, f1 peak amplitude obtained by IVA was superior to CVP for detecting acute, massive hemorrhage. In addition, f1 peak amplitude correlated well with LVEDA on echocardiography. Translated clinically, IVA might provide a viable alternative to CVP for detecting hemorrhage.
Tear film parameters before and after intracorneal ring segment implantation in keratoconic eyes
Authors: Vastardis Iraklis , Gatzioufas Zisis , McLintock Cameron , Kohlhaas Markus , Hamada Samer , Lake Damian , Elalfy Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: To assess signs of dry eye syndrome in keratoconic eyes following intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation. Patient and methods: Twenty eyes of 20 consecutive patients with keratoconus were assessed for tear film changes following ICRS implantation at 6 months postoperatively. Evaluated parameters included tear osmolarity, non-invasive tear breakup time test (NI-BUT test) and Schirmer test I and II before and after treatment. Results: No significant changes were found with respect to osmolarity, Schirmer I and II ( p = 0.9, p < 0.64, and p < 0.91, respectively). The NITUBT was significantly lower after surgery ( p = 0.04). Conclusion: Our results suggest that implantation of ICRS does not result in a significant change in tear film osmolarity, or tear film volume nor improves the tear film stability.
Anhuienoside C Attenuates Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats
Authors: Wang Chengjian , Jiang Yingsong , Yu Keping , Liu Ke , Wang Hao 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The present study evaluated the nephroprotective effects of anhuienoside C (AC) against diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats. Material and Methods: Diabetic nephropathy was induced by administration of a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 30 mg/kg) at the end of the fourth week of this protocol. Effects of AC on blood glucose levels, renal function markers, and mediators of inflammation in the serum of DN rats were assessed. Results: Anhuienoside C treatment reduced the blood glucose levels and attenuated the increased levels of renal injury markers in DN rats. Anhuienoside C also increased podocyte counts; alleviated the changes in podocin, desmin, and nephrin protein levels; and ameliorated the altered pathophysiology in the kidney tissues induced by DN. Compared with the DN group, the levels of inflammatory markers and mediators of oxidative stress were reduced in the serum and kidney tissues of the AC-treated groups. Moreover, treatment with AC ameliorates the altered expression of podocin, nephrin, and desmin proteins in the renal tissue of HFD/STZ-induced kidney-injured rats. Conclusion: In conclusion, AC protected against podocyte injury by regulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells/protein kinase B pathway in a rat model of DN.
Diagnostic Criteria of Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Saltagi Mohamad Z. , Comer Brett T. , Hughes Samuel , Ting Jonathan Y. , Higgins Thomas S. 
Published: September 2020

Background RARS is a challenging clinical phenomenon that affects many patients, and diagnostic criteria for this condition are not fully characterized in the literature. Objective To examine diagnostic criteria for recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS). Study Design Systematic review. Methods Cochrane, PubMed (MEDLINE), clinicaltrials.gov, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were queried for articles related to RARS dating from 1990 to present, according to PRISMA statement guidelines. Full text articles pertinent to the diagnostic criteria of RARS were included in this review. Inclusion criteria included articles specifically addressing RARS; studies with 3 or more patients; and articles in English. Results A total of 1022 titles/abstracts potentially related to RARS were identified. Of these, sixty-nine full texts were selected for review, and 22 of these ultimately met inclusion criteria. The level of evidence was generally low. Studies and guidelines have used many different definitions for RARS diagnosis over the years based on symptomatology, physical examination, nasal endoscopy, imaging, and laboratory domains. Clinically important RARS has been defined most commonly as 4 or more discrete episodes of ARS per year, but this frequency is typically based on expert opinion. Additionally, radiologic anatomic associations such as concha bullosa, accessory maxillary os, and narrowed infundibular distance may be associated with RARS. Endoscopic visualization and imaging are sometimes used to confirm the presence of sinus disease during exacerbations of RARS, but there is variability in this practice. Conclusion The diagnostic definition for RARS has developed over time and is currently based on low level 4 and 5 evidence. Because of the migratory definition of RARS, comparing inter-study results of RARS management remains difficult, and future studies should aim to follow current expert guidelines on diagnostic criteria of RARS.