bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of alkalis and zinc on the damage of the tuyere composite brick of a blast furnace
Authors: Niu Q , Cheng S S , Xu W X , Niu W J , Mei Y G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The distribution of foreign elements and its true mineral forms in the tuyere composite brick extracted from a 2800 m3 industrial blast furnace were examined to gain a better understanding of the damage mechanism of the brick. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were applied to characterize the brick. The results show that the potassium is easier to permeate into the brick than zinc. The potassium is prone to react with Al-Si compounds in the brick to form kalsilite or leucite while the zinc is apt to react with the corundum in the brick to produce zinc-aluminum spinel. In addition, the zinc can interact with the blast furnace gas to form zinc oxide and zinc sulfide filled in the cracks of the brick. The mineral phases of the residual brick change from the original corundum and mullite to corundum, gahnite, zincite, sphalerite, kalsilite and leucite. The main cause of the damage of the brick is found to be potassium and zinc attack. In the case of degradation of the raw materials, it can choose the micro corundum brick instead of the corundum-mullite or mullite brick to prolong the life of the tuyere composite brick.
Modelling and validation of fluid flow inside a dissipative ladle shroud and a continuous casting tundish
Authors: Zhang J , Liu Q , Xin Z , Lu B , Zhang J , Li J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fluid flow plays a significant role in the continuous casting of molten steel. In this paper, two Reynolds Averaged Naiver-Stokes (RANS) models and a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model were comparatively employed to characterize the fluid flow inside a dissipative ladle shroud and a tundish. LES model was proved to be powerful to characterize the turbulence structure inside the ladle shroud. The effect of meshing density on the computational accuracy was considered using the LES model. The fine-mesh model can capture multiscale vortices inside the ladle shroud; while, the coarse-mesh model disables the LES to obtain the detailed flow information. The experiment of particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to verify the flow field obtained by the LES model inside the tundish. The PIV and the LES results agree well in terms of flow pattern and velocity vector.
Effect of two-step austempering process on carbidic ductile iron
Authors: Dakre V , Likhite A , Pathak S U , Peshwe D R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The two-step austempering process when applied to ductile iron, results in significant improvement in mechanical properties due to the strengthening of the ausferitic matrix. The present work was undertaken to investigate the effect of the two-step austempering process on carbidic ductile iron. Carbidic ductile iron is a new member to the ductile iron family, it is produced by alloying the ductile iron composition with chromium. In the present work, the carbidic ductile iron thus produced, was austempered by both conventional and two-step austempering route. For both processes, all specimens were austenitized at 975°C and soaked for 180 min. In the conventional process, the specimanwas quenched in salt bath held at to 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C and soaked at respective temperatures for 180 min. Whereas, in the two-step austempering process, specimenwere first quenched in salt bath heldat 250°C. After stabilization at 250°C, the salt bath temperature was raised to 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C. After the respective temperature was attained, the specimens were soaked for 180 min. The austempered samples obtained by both processes were analyzed with the help of SEM, XRD, and TEM. Two-step process resulted in finer ausferitic matrix than the conventional process. The XRD analysis revealed an increase in carbon content of austenite and volume fraction of Carbon Stabilized Austenite (CSA) in sample austempered by a two-step process. The TEM analysis indicated that the lath width of austenite and ferrite was small in samples austempered by two-step process than the conventional process, due to a high degree of super-cooling.
Ceria doped TiO2 as photocatalyst for water treatment under visible light
Authors: Ndabankulu V O , Maddila S , Jonnalagadda S B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The photocatalytic activity of bare titania and ceria supported mesoporous titania (CeO2/TiO2) catalysts were assessed for the degradation of caffeine by visible light irradiation in absence of the oxidants. Different wt% metal loaded (bare, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0) materials were synthesised by a sol-gel method using anionic surfactants. Various instrumentation techniques were used to characterise the prepared photo-catalysts such as P-XRD, BET, TEM, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, Raman, UV-DRS and photoluminescence spectroscopy. 0.5% CeO2 doped titania exhibited excellent efficiency in photo degradation of caffeine in aqueous solution relative to all the other prepared heterogeneous catalysts. All the materials showed good efficiency and were recyclable without loss of catalytic activity up to three times. Analysis of degradation products was carried by Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Two reaction products 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetradropymidin-5-ly)-methylcarbamic acid (ATCA) and N-methyl-N-(methylcarbomoyl)-2-oxoacetamide (MMO) were positively identified.
Application of TRIZ theory in steel rolling production
Authors: Li J B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the face of two problems encountered in the process of steel rolling production, the TRIZ theory was applied to analyse and solve the problems, and unprecedented solutions were put forward, both of which were applied for patents and authorized and published. It is expected that through this paper, innovative thinking will be stimulated and the problems encountered in iron and steel production can be solved quickly.
Analysis of the mechanical properties of Q345R steel in deep-regulating units by the spherical indentation method
Authors: Sun M C , Yang C , Xiao S Y , Tan W , Zhou G P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The principles of testing the mechanical properties of metallic materials through the use of the spherical indentation test have been analysed and studied in this paper. The error between the representative indentation stress from spherical indentation and the theoretical stress of the power exponential equation was taken as the convergence condition using the optimization function in Matlab. The yield strength, strain hardening index and elastic modulus were optimized between the stress-strain curve from spherical indentation and the theoretical stress-strain curve of the power exponential equation. The smallest error that could be achieved between them was obtained and from this the mechanical properties of the material could then be calculated and analysed. Q345R steel, which is used for pressure vessels, was taken as an example and the mechanical properties were tested using the spherical indentation test, and the results were compared with the conventional tensile test. Comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of the steel between the results from the spherical indentation test and the conventional tensile test showed that the difference was small. The accuracy of the spherical indentation method when testing the mechanical properties of metallic materials is high. The results have shown that the spherical indentation test can be used as a replacement for the conventional tensile test and can be applied in the field of testing the mechanical properties of Q345R steel for pressure vessels.
Preparation and properties of GO-SiO2 anticorrosive coatings
Authors: Bai X L , Wu B , Jiang K , Liu C J , Zhang H , Zhang F , Huang X , Cai M J , Wang P F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Epoxy resin is often used as raw material of anticorrosion, but in the curing process of resin, a large number of micropores are prepared in the solvent evaporation method, which reduces the performance of anticorrosion. In order to reduce internal defects and improve corrosion resistance, GO was compounded with SiO2 modified by KH550 to prepare for GO-SiO2. By means of mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion, GO-SiO2 was added to epoxy resin to prepare for the anticorrosive coating. SEM was used to observe the coating morphology, and the physical and electrochemical properties of the coatings with different mass fractions of GO-SiO2 are tested for corrosion resistance. The results show that 3 wt% GO-SiO2 coating shows the best performance, the coating hardness reaches H, the adhesion grade is II.
Phase composition and microstructure formation mechanism of in-situ Cu-Fe micro-composites
Authors: Liu K M , Jin Y , Sheng X C , Huang Z K , Zou J , Chen W , Zhang M C , Huang H M , Lu D P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The phase composition and microstructure formation mechanism of in-situ Cu-Fe micro-composites were investigated. The microstructures of longitudinal and transverse sections were analyzed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The phase analysis was executed by X-ray diffraction. The common microstructure characteristic of Cu-XFe (X = 11, 14 and 17) alloys was that the second phase α-Fe dendrites were uniformly distributed in the Cu matrix. The disorderly distributed Fe dendrites of Cu-14Fe alloy underwent initial inhomogeneous deformation and then were gradually changed into the directionally arranged Fe fibers of in-situ Cu-14Fe micro-composite in the longitudinal section, and were gradually transformed into the irregular V-shaped Fe fibers in the transverse section. The initial inhomogeneous deformation and the irregular V-shaped Fe fibers in the transverse section are closely related to the formation of <110> texture.
Research on speed regulation method of winding machine based on rectangular line mode
Authors: Zhang Y S , Ma H W , Wang H T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the traditional semi-automatic winding machine winding process, the tension of the enameled copper wire changes greatly, and the cable is inaccurate, and cannot be separated from the manual machine. The emergence of automatic winding machine realizes the automation of winding production, reduces the labor intensity of winding, and greatly improves production efficiency. In order to improve the winding quality of the rectangular coil of the motor, a motor winding automatic winding machine is designed. The kinematics and dynamics analysis of the winding process of the winding machine were carried out. The kinematics of the enamelled copper wire and the working principle of the governing mechanism were studied. The kinematics mathematical model of the enamelled copper wire was simulated. The results show that the designed motor coil automatic winding machine has accurate cable routing and smooth winding process.
Microstructre and mechanical properties of Mg/Al joints by pulse MIG assisted induction pre-heating with composite interlayers
Authors: Zhang H C , Li L Y , Zhang G D , Hu Z H , Chen Y L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Butt Joints of AZ31 magnesium alloys and Al1060 aluminium plates were produced by conventional MIG welding process with composite interlayers composed of zinc, copper and aluminium foil and induction pre-heating method was used to promote the melting degree of the high melting interlayers, which achieved the connection of dissimilar materials effectively by comparison via SEM and tensile test. The results indicated that crack-free Al/Mg butt joints were obtained. The analysis of the microstructure of the joints showed that the phase composition at the interface between base metal and fusion zone related to the sequence of the different foils. The tensile strength of the joints could reach 21 MPa and the fracture located at the interfacial zone which was mainly composed of brittle Al-Mg compounds.
The effects of Ri/T ratio on residual stress of SAPH440 steel welding for auto parts
Authors: Chi L X , Liang S F , Yan B L , Gao X Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to study the effect of Ri/T on welding residual stress in forging presses for Auto parts material, a welding experiment program was developed. The residual stress of thick pipe 10mm joint was measured by the blind hole drilling method. The simulation results within and near the weld joint, the transverse residual stresses are tensile on the inside surface which already close to yield strength with creasing the Ri/T ratio, and compressive on the outer surface; The prediction results from FEM are in a good agreement with the experimental measurement which are important to apply data for manufacturing plant.
Nanoline-gap controlled self assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles inside plasmonic nanolines
Authors: Sharma Yashna , Dhawan Anuj 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents plasmonic substrates fabricated by a gap—controlled, template-assisted self assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles—such as spherical nanoparticles and nanorods—inside one dimensional plasmonic nanoline templates fabricated using Deep-UV lithography. This hybrid fabrication process—which combines the bottom-up process of capillary-force self assembly with the top-down process of Deep-UV lithography—can potentially be employed for large-area fabrication (6 inch or 12 inch wafers) of plasmonic substrates with sub-10 nm gaps. These small gaps lead to a high electromagnetic enhancement which can be highly beneficial if these substrates are employed for sensing based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We demonstrate that the templates of plasmonic nanolines act as lithographed traps and direct the capillary-force assembly of metallic nanoparticles. The gaps between the nanolines, along with the shape and dimensions of the nanoparticles, together determine the interparticle distance, packing pattern and the orientation of the assembled nanoparticles inside these nanolines. Moreover, the electromagnetic behavior of these substrates is exhaustively analyzed using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) modeling. Thus, we demonstrate template-directed, capillary-force assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles inside plasmonic nanolines such that the assembly can be controlled by modulating the structural parameters of the template or the assembled nanoparticles, and can be potentially carried out on a large area.
Standardising current–voltage measurements for metastable solar cells
Authors: Fell Christopher J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present situation with respect to current–voltage measurement standards for metastable photovoltaics, including perovskites, is discussed. New draft updates to the IEC 60904-1 standard do not fully capture the needs of metastable devices. A new document within the 60904 series capturing the academically favoured SPO and MPPT methods would go a long way toward solving the present ambiguity, however the lack of an effective stabilisation procedure remains the greatest hurdle for perovskite PV.
Reliability and Correlation Between Indoor Allergen Concentrations from Vacuumed Surface Samples and Electrostatic Dust Collectors
Authors: Sander Ingrid , Lotz Anne , Neumann Heinz-Dieter , Czibor Christina , Zahradnik Eva , Raulf Monika 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Most studies on indoor allergen exposure used vacuumed surface samples for quantification. One alternative is electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs), which sample previously airborne settled dust. The aim of this study was to compare allergen quantification using two different sampling methods, with respect to repeatability, and to determine how well the results agree with one another.

Methods
Four times a year, measurements were made from samples that were either collected from the vacuuming of surfaces, or from EDCs, from 20 German day-care centers totaling 167 rooms. Overall, 504 vacuumed samples collected from smooth floors, 435 samples from carpets, 291 samples from upholstered furniture and beds, and 605 EDC samples were analyzed using six fluorescence enzyme immunoassays recognizing Fel d 1, Can f 1, Mus m 1, domestic mite (DM), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) antigens. Variances and correlations among the repeat measurements over the course of the year within each sample type, and the correlations between surface samples and the corresponding EDC samples were calculated.

Results
Repeat measurements over the year correlated significantly with one another. However, only Fel d 1, Can f 1, and DM in the EDC samples; DM, Dp, Tp, and Fel d 1 in the upholstered furniture samples; and DM in the carpet samples show representative results of single measurements according to their variance ratios (within-room/between-room variance &lt;1). The highest correlation between surface and EDC samples was found for Fel d 1 on the upholstered furniture (r 0.52), followed by Can f 1 on the upholstered furniture and Can f 1 on carpets (r 0.47 and 0.45, respectively). The maximum correlation for mite antigens was between carpet samples and EDC (DM r 0.27, Dp r 0.33). Mus m 1 and Tp antigens for the most part did not correlate to the EDC results.

Conclusions
Both vacuumed dust from upholstered furniture and EDC samples were suitable for repeatable quantification of several allergens in day-care centers within a year. However, there was little agreement among the different collection methods, especially for Mus m 1 and certain mite antigens. Therefore, the method and location used for collection may greatly influence allergen exposure assessment and study results.
The Cytoscape BioGateway App: explorative network building from an RDF store
Authors: Holmås Stian , Riudavets Puig Rafel , Acencio Marcio Luis , Mironov Vladimir , Kuiper Martin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Summary
The BioGateway App is a Cytoscape (version 3) plugin designed to provide easy query access to the BioGateway Resource Description Framework triple store, which contains functional and interaction information for proteins from several curated resources. For explorative network building, we have added a comprehensive dataset with regulatory relationships of mammalian DNA-binding transcription factors and their target genes, compiled both from curated resources and from a text mining effort. Query results are visualized using the inherent flexibility of the Cytoscape framework, and network links can be checked against curated database records or against the original publication.

Availability and implementation
Install through the Cytoscape application manager or visit www.biogateway.eu for download and tutorial documents.

Supplementary information
Supplementary information is available at Bioinformatics online.
Estimation of eosinophil cells in cord blood with references based on blood in adults via Bayesian measurement error modeling
Authors: Jiang Yu , Zhang Hongmei , Andrews Shan V , Arshad Hasan , Ewart Susan , Holloway John W , Fallin M Daniele , Bakulski Kelly M , Karmaus Wilfried 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Eosinophils are phagocytic white blood cells with a variety of roles in the immune system. In situations where actual counts are not available, high quality approximations of their cell proportions using indirect markers are critical.

Results
We develop a Bayesian measurement error model to estimate proportions of eosinophils in cord blood, using the cord blood DNA methylation profiles, based on markers of eosinophil cell heterogeneity in blood of adults. The proposed method can be directly extended to other cells across different reference panels. We demonstrate the method’s estimation accuracy using B cells and show that the findings support the proposed approach. The method has been incorporated into the estimateCellCounts function in the minfi package to estimate eosinophil cells proportions in cord blood.

Availability and implementation
estimateCellCounts function is implemented and available in Bioconductor package minfi.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ecological variability is associated with functional trait diversity in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
Authors: Wishingrad Van , Thomson Robert C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A major goal of evolutionary ecology is to understand the ways in which ecological variability has structured morphological diversity. The aim of this study was to examine intraspecific phenotypic variation in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) for functional traits previously shown to be linked to variation across latitude and climate at a genus-wide level. We found that body size in S. occidentalis was negatively related to minimum temperatures during the coldest month, potentially implicating overwintering survival as a mechanism leading to this relationship. We also demonstrated that scale size in S. occidentalis was negatively associated with aridity, which is consistent with several other studies in squamate reptiles and the known functional role of scale size in moderating evaporative water loss. However, contrary to predictions of the thermal melanism hypothesis, we found no association between lizard colour and temperature during the active season. Overall, our results are largely at odds with interspecific patterns examining the relationship between these traits and environmental conditions. It is unclear to what degree intraspecific trait variation generally agrees with inferences made at the interspecific level. In any case, more studies at the intraspecific level are needed to resolve this question.
Regional differences in Alzheimer’s disease pathology confound behavioural rescue after amyloid-β attenuation
Authors: Morrone Christopher D , Bazzigaluppi Paolo , Beckett Tina L , Hill Mary E , Koletar Margaret M , Stefanovic Bojana , McLaurin JoAnne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFailure of Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials to improve or stabilize cognition has led to the need for a better understanding of the driving forces behind cognitive decline in the presence of active disease processes. To dissect contributions of individual pathologies to cognitive function, we used the TgF344-AD rat model, which recapitulates the salient hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease pathology observed in patient populations (amyloid, tau inclusions, frank neuronal loss, and cognitive deficits). scyllo-Inositol treatment attenuated amyloid-β peptide in disease-bearing TgF344-AD rats, which rescued pattern separation in the novel object recognition task and executive function in the reversal learning phase of the Barnes maze. Interestingly, neither activities of daily living in the burrowing task nor spatial memory in the Barnes maze were rescued by attenuating amyloid-β peptide. To understand the pathological correlates leading to behavioural rescue, we examined the neuropathology and in vivo electrophysiological signature of the hippocampus. Amyloid-β peptide attenuation reduced hippocampal tau pathology and rescued adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal function, via improvements in cross-frequency coupling between theta and gamma bands. To investigate mechanisms underlying the persistence of spatial memory deficits, we next examined neuropathology in the entorhinal cortex, a region whose input to the hippocampus is required for spatial memory. Reduction of amyloid-β peptide in the entorhinal cortex had no effect on entorhinal tau pathology or entorhinal-hippocampal neuronal network dysfunction, as measured by an impairment in hippocampal response to entorhinal stimulation. Thus, rescue or not of cognitive function is dependent on regional differences of amyloid-β, tau and neuronal network dysfunction, demonstrating the importance of staging disease in patients prior to enrolment in clinical trials. These results further emphasize the need for combination therapeutic approaches across disease progression.