bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: A population‐based study
Authors: Wu Jiali , Mao Yize , Jiang Yiquan , Song Yunda , Yu Ping , Sun Shuxin , Li Shengping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveSolid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare tumor. This study aims to examine the clinicopathological features and surgical treatments of SPN and compare the clinical behavior and prognosis between men and women with SPN.MethodsWe collected the population data of patients with SPN diagnosed between 2004 and 2017 from the SEER database. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to analyze overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS), and log‐rank tests were used to evaluate the differences between subgroups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to screen out prognostic risk factors of SPN.ResultsA total of 378 patients with SPN were included, with 246 (65.1%) female patients. 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates were 98.9%, 95.7%, and 93.7%, respectively. Survival analysis revealed that regardless of stage, patients with SPN who underwent surgical interventions still had a significantly better prognosis than those without surgical interventions (P < .001). The patients with lymphatic dissection had a significantly better prognosis than those without lymphatic dissection (P < .001). Moreover, compared with female patients, male patients had significantly poorer OS and DSS (P < .001). Female SPN showed a bimodal age‐frequency distribution with early‐onset incidence at 28 years and late‐onset peak incidence at 62 years, while male SPN presented a unimodal distribution with peak incidence at approximately age 64 years. In female patients, the tumor size in premenopausal females (<65 years old) was significantly larger than that in postmenopausal females (≥65 years old) (P < .001). Clinicopathological characteristic profiles were different not only between male SPN and premenopausal female SPN but also between premenopausal and postmenopausal female SPN.ConclusionSPN presents indolent behavior and predominantly occurs in young women. Regardless of stage, surgical intervention is recommended. Moreover, our study is the first large enough study to demonstrate sex‐related discrepancies in SPN. Thus, different treatment strategies should be designed for patients of different sexes at different ages and hormone therapy is a promising approach for SPN.
Bivariate Metal–Organic Frameworks with Tunable Spin‐Crossover Properties
Authors: Gong Yu , Li Zhi‐Hua , Yan Xiaodong , Wang Ya‐Qin , Zhao Chen‐Yang , Han Wang‐Kang , Hu Qing‐Tao , Lu Hui‐Shu , Gu Zhi‐Guo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, pyrazine (A), aminopyrazine (B), quinoxaline (C), and 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoxaline (D) have been screened out among a large number of pyrazine derivatives to construct Hofmann‐type metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) Fe(L)[M(CN)4] (M=Pt, Pd) with similar 3D pillared‐layer structures. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction reveals that the alternate linkage between M and FeII ions through cyano bridges forms the 2D extended metal cyanide sheets, and ligands A–D acted as vertical columns to connect the 2D sheets to give 3D pillared‐layer structures. Subsequently, a series of bivariate MOFs were constructed by pairwise combination of the four ligands A–D, which were confirmed by 1H NMR, PXRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that ligand size and crystallization rate play a dominant role in constructing bivariate Hofmann‐type MOFs. More importantly, the spin‐crossover (SCO) properties of the bivariate MOFs can be finely tuned by adjusting the proportion of the two pillared ligands in the 3D Hofmann‐type structures. Remarkably, the spin transition temperatures, Tc↑ and Tc↓ of Fe(A)x(B)1−x[Pt(CN)4] (x=0 to 1) can be adjusted from 239 to 254 K and from 248 to 284 K, respectively. Meanwhile, the width of the hysteresis loops can be widened from 9 to 30 K. Changing Pt to Pd, the hysteresis loops of Fe(A)x(B)1−x[Pd(CN)4] can be tuned from 9 (Tc↑=215 K, Tc↓=206 K) to 24 K (Tc↑=300 K, Tc↓=276 K). This research provides wider implications in the development of advanced bistable materials, especially in precisely regulating SCO properties.
Gas‐Phase Transformation of Fluorinated Benzoporphyrins to Porphyrin‐Embedded Conical Nanocarbons
Authors: Lungerich Dominik , Hitzenberger Jakob Felix , Ruppel Michael , Döpper Tibor , Witt Matthias , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana , Görling Andreas , Jux Norbert , Drewello Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGeodesic nitrogen‐containing graphene fragments are interesting candidates for various material applications, but the available synthetic protocols, which need to overcome intrinsic strain energy during the formation of the bowl‐shaped skeletons, are often incompatible with heteroatom‐embedded structures. Through this mass spectrometry‐based gas‐phase study, we show by means of collision‐induced dissociation experiments and supported by density functional theory calculations, the first evidence for the formation of a porphyrin‐embedded conical nanocarbon. The influences of metalation and functionalization of the used tetrabenzoporphyrins have been investigated, which revealed different cyclization efficiencies, different ionization possibilities, and a variation of the dissociation pathway. Our results suggest a stepwise process for HF elimination from the fjord region, which supports a selective pathway towards bent nitrogen‐containing graphene fragments.
Dynamic nonlinear batch process fault detection and identification based on two‐directional dynamic kernel slow feature analysis
Authors: Zhang Hanyuan , Deng Xiaogang , Zhang Yunchu , Hou Chuanjing , Li Chengdong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe batch process generally covers high nonlinearity and two‐directional dynamics: time‐wise dynamics, which correspond to inherently time‐varying dynamics resulting from the slowly varying underlying driving forces within each batch duration; and batch‐wise dynamics, which are associated with different operating modes among different batches. However, most existing dynamic nonlinear monitoring methods cannot extract the slowly varying underlying driving forces of the nonlinear batch process and rarely tackle the batch‐wise dynamic characteristics among batch runs. In order to address these issues, a new monitoring scheme based on two‐directional dynamic kernel slow feature analysis (TDKSFA) is developed by combining kernel SFA with a global modelling strategy. In the TDKSFA method, kernel SFA is integrated with the ARMAX time series model to mine the nonlinear and time‐wise dynamic properties within a batch run due to its capability of extracting the slowly varying underlying driving forces. Furthermore, the global modelling strategy is presented to handle the batch‐wise dynamics among batches by calculating the total average kernel matrix of all training batches. After the slow features are extracted, Hotelling's T2 and SPE statistics are built to detect faults. To solve the issue of fault variable nonlinear identification, a novel nonlinear contribution plot inspired by the pseudo‐sample variable projection trajectories in the TDKSFA model is further proposed to identify fault variables. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the TDKSFA‐based fault diagnosis strategy is demonstrated through a numerical system and the penicillin fermentation process.
Green Synthesized AgNPs Embedded in COF: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2‐Oxazolidinones and α‐Alkylidene Cyclic Carbonates via CO2 Fixation
Authors: Islam Sk. Safikul , Biswas Surajit , Ali Molla Rostam , Yasmin Nasima , Islam Sk. Manirul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of important organic chemicals through sustainable and green methods is always demanding for the scientific community. Fixation of carbon dioxide for this purpose is very attractive as CO2 is non‐toxic, easily available, naturally abundant, recyclable, non‐flammable and an inexpensive C1 resource, and also the concentration of CO2 (most responsible greenhouse gas) is reduced. This article demonstrates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by an eco‐friendly method and incorporation of the particles into a covalent organic framework in order to obtain a sustainable heterogeneous catalyst, AgN@COF. The catalyst has been characterized in detail by FT‐IR,UV‐Vis. spectroscopy, FE‐SEM, TEM, EDAX, XPS, PXRD, ICP‐AES, TG‐DTA and N2 absorption‐desorption studies. The synthesized catalyst is able to fix CO2 to terminal propargylic amine and propargylic alcohol for the production of 2‐oxazolidinones and α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates, respectively, through two different catalytic pathways. In both catalytic protocols, one atmospheric carbon dioxide was used. Production of α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates occurred at room temperature and solvent‐free condition, and 2‐oxazolidinones were obtained under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the catalyst is recyclable and reusable. Its catalytic efficacy was preserved even after the use of six consecutive catalytic cycles.
Olfaction at depth: Cribriform plate size declines with dive depth and duration in aquatic arctoid carnivorans
Authors: Bird Deborah J. , Hamid Iman , Fox‐Rosales Lester , Van Valkenburgh Blaire 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is widely accepted that obligate aquatic mammals, specifically toothed whales, rely relatively little on olfaction. There is less agreement about the importance of smell among aquatic mammals with residual ties to land, such as pinnipeds and sea otters. Field observations of marine carnivorans stress their keen use of smell while on land or pack ice. Yet, one dimension of olfactory ecology is often overlooked: while underwater, aquatic carnivorans forage “noseblind,” diving with nares closed, removed from airborne chemical cues. For this reason, we predicted marine carnivorans would have reduced olfactory anatomy relative to closely related terrestrial carnivorans. Moreover, because species that dive deeper and longer forage farther removed from surface scent cues, we predicted further reductions in their olfactory anatomy. To test these hypotheses, we looked to the cribriform plate (CP), a perforated bone in the posterior nasal chamber of mammals that serves as the only passageway for olfactory nerves crossing from the periphery to the olfactory bulb and thus covaries in size with relative olfactory innervation. Using CT scans and digital quantification, we compared CP morphology across Arctoidea, a clade at the interface of terrestrial and aquatic ecologies. We found that aquatic carnivoran species from two lineages that independently reinvaded marine environments (Pinnipedia and Mustelidae), have significantly reduced relative CP than terrestrial species. Furthermore, within these aquatic lineages, diving depth and duration were strongly correlated with CP loss, and the most extreme divers, elephant seals, displayed the greatest reductions. These observations suggest that CP reduction in carnivorans is an adaptive response to shifting selection pressures during secondary invasion of marine environments, particularly to foraging at great depths. Because the CP is fairly well preserved in the fossil record, using methods presented here to quantify CP morphology in extinct species could further clarify evolutionary patterns of olfactory loss across aquatic mammal lineages that have independently committed to life in water.
Atrial fibrillation ablation in heart failure patients: improved systolic function after cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Pott Alexander , Jäck Saskia , Schweizer Christiane , Baumhardt Michael , Stephan Tilman , Rattka Manuel , Weinmann Karolina , Bothner Carlo , Scharnbeck Dominik , Keßler Mirjam , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Dahme Tillman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsAtrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are the most common cardiac diseases and often coexist leading to increased mortality and morbidity compared with AF patients without HF. As shown previously, AF ablation using radio frequency (RF) in HF patients leads to a reduction of AF burden, an increase of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and consequently to reduced hospitalization and mortality. Previous AF ablation studies on HF patients have been liberal about additional targets beyond pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess systematically the impact of a straightforward PVI‐only strategy on LVEF, NYHA functional class, and cardiovascular hospitalization rate in HF patients.Methods and resultsOut of 414 consecutive patients undergoing PVI, only with the cryoballoon 113 patients with reduced LVEF [mean: 38.4 ± 10.8%, reduced ejection fraction (rEF) group] and 301 patients with normal LVEF (>55%) at baseline were identified [normal ejection fraction (nEF) group]. Remarkably, even though freedom from arrhythmia recurrence after 1 year was significantly lower in the rEF group (64.9%) compared with the nEF group (71.2%, P = 0.036), mean LVEF improved from 38.4 ± 10.8% to 52.5 ± 17.2% (P < 0.001) after cryoballoon ablation in the rEF group. Accordingly, HF‐related symptoms as well as hospitalization rate declined significantly in the rEF group during follow‐up compared with baseline.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that catheter ablation restricted to a straightforward PVI‐only strategy using the cryoballoon leads to improved left ventricular ejection fraction as well as improvement of NYHA functional class and increased freedom from cardiovascular rehospitalization.
Heart failure and sleep‐disordered breathing: susceptibility to reduced muscle strength and preclinical congestion (SICA‐HF cohort)
Authors: Bekfani Tarek , Schöbel Christoph , Pietrock Charlotte , Valentova Miroslava , Ebner Nicole , Döhner Wolfram , Schulze P. Christian , Anker Stefan D. , von Haehling Stephan 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTAimsIncreased sympathetic activation in patients with heart failure (HF) and sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) provokes cardiac decompensation and protein degradation and could lead to muscle wasting and muscle weakness. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in body composition, muscle function, and the susceptibility of preclinical congestion among patients with HF and SDB compared with those without SDB.Methods and resultsWe studied 111 outpatients with stable HF who were enrolled into the Studies Investigating Co‐morbidities Aggravating Heart Failure. Echocardiography, short physical performance battery (SPPB), cardiopulmonary exercise testing, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), tests of muscle strength, and polygraphy were performed. SDB was defined as apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) >5 per hour of sleep. Central sleep apnoea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) were defined as AHI >50% of central or obstructive origin, respectively. A total of 74 patients (66.7%) had any form of SDB [CSA (24 patients, 32.4%), OSA (47 patients, 63.5%)]. Patients with SDB showed increased muscle weakness (chair stand), reduced muscle strength, and lower values of SPPB score (P < 0.05). Patients with SDB did not show overt clinical signs of cardiac decompensation compared with those without SDB (P > 0.05) but had increased amounts of water (total body water, intracellular, and extracellular) measured using BIA (P < 0.05). Increased amounts of total body water were associated with the severity of SDB and inversely with muscle strength and exercise capacity measured by anaerobic threshold (P < 0.05). Altogether, 17 patients had muscle wasting. Of these, 11 (65%) patients had SDB (statistically not significant).ConclusionsSDB is highly prevalent in patients with HF. Patients with SDB have lower muscle strength and tend to be more susceptible to preclinical congestion.
The social network of solidarity with migrants: The role of perceived injunctive norms on intergroup helping behaviors
Authors: Roblain Antoine , Hanioti Mado , Paulis Emilien , Van Haute Emilie , Green Eva G. T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing an ego‐centered network approach, we examine across two studies whether and how injunctive network norms—behaviors that are approved by alters—are related to majority members’ decisions to participate in helping actions supporting migrants. We hypothesize that the more people perceive their personal social networks as positive toward humanitarian actions for migrants, the more they consider their opinions on migration issues as self‐defining, and the more they are willing to mobilize in helping behaviors. With a name generator approach, we collected personal social network data among majority members of Belgian, mobilized volunteers (Study 1, N = 204) and Swiss, non‐mobilized participants (Study 2, N = 247). Results demonstrate the impact of injunctive network norms in promoting and maintaining helping actions for migrants, and the role of self‐defining attitudes. Overall, the results highlight the importance of injunctive norms within personal social networks for participation in intergroup helping behaviors.
Combined effect of external mixture formation and cooled exhaust gas recirculation on engine performance and emissions characteristics of partially pre‐mixed charged compression ignition engine
Authors: Bhurat Swapnil S. , Pandey Shyam , Chintala Venkateshwarlu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present experimental study was aimed to investigate the combined effect of external mixture formation and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on performance and emissions characteristics of partially homogeneous charge compression ignition (PCCI) engine. A conventional single‐cylinder four‐stroke compression ignition engine was modified to operate on PCCI mode with the supply of diesel fuel vapor via intake manifold during suction stroke. A Homogenous air‐fuel charge was produced by using a retrofit system to provide fuel vapor. The engine was operated in two modes, direct injection (DI)‐EGR and PCCI (DI‐fuel vapor‐EGR) mode, and then results were compared with DI (conventional) mode. Constant 10% EGR was maintained during DI‐EGR and PCCI modes. Compared to conventional mode, in PCCI mode at full engine load, NOx and smoke opacity were decreased by 2.39 g kW−1 hr−1 and 27% respectively, and the marginal penalty in HC and CO emissions by 0.4 and 0.1 g kW−1 hr−1 was observed. Brake thermal efficiency was slightly reduced by 2.5% compared to DI mode.
Experimental investigation of multi‐stage solar still using phase‐change material
Authors: Ghadamgahi Majid , Ahmadi‐Danesh‐Ashtiani Hossein , Delfani Shahram 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a five‐stage solar still is investigated in which paraffin wax was considered as the phase change material. Considering the climatic conditions of Iran and its locating in an arid area and shortage of freshwater resources, it is essential to produce freshwater from saline water resources. So, herein, a multi‐stage solar still as a commonly used water desalination apparatus with paraffin wax phase change materials was designed, fabricated, and tested. On the back of the collector absorber, the paraffin wax was applied for storing the additional solar energy. The results showed that the application of paraffin‐wax phase‐change agent leads to a 15% increase in freshwater production. The quantity of water generated was also studied in the flow rates of 0.7, 1.3, and 1.8 L/min with and without phase change materials. The results showed that the highest quantity of water produced is obtained in the 1.3 L/min flow rate. Finally, the quantity of water generated in the five stages of the desalination process was separately measured and found that the water produced in the first stage was 70% of the total water.
A high‐order phase‐field based lattice Boltzmann model for simulating complex multiphase flows with large density ratios
Authors: Li Qiao‐Zhong , Lu Zhi‐Liang , Zhou Di , Niu Xiao‐Dong , Guo Tong‐Qin , Du Bing‐Chen 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBased on phase‐field theory, we develop a simple and robust single relaxation time (SRT) lattice Boltzmann (LB) model for simulating complex multiphase flows with large density ratios (up to 2000). The approach utilizes two LB equations (LBE), one is used to describe the interface behavior and the other is used to calculate the hydrodynamic properties. To improve the accuracy and stability in capturing interface, the high‐order LB model derived through the fourth‐order Chapman‐Enskog expansion analysis is applied to Cahn‐Hilliard equation. For solution of the flow field, a modified particle distribution function in the pressure‐velocity formulation is constructed to correctly consider the effect of local density variation and continuous pressure field. With such improvement, the proposed multiphase LB model is able to maintain numerical stability for the problem with very large density ratio, lower relaxation parameter and complex interface. For validation, a series of benchmark cases are carried out. Specially, the full potential of the proposed model is validated by bubble bursting at a free surface, bubble rising and droplet splashing with a density ratio of 2000. In all test cases, the obtained numerical results agree well with the reference data or the analytical solutions.
A new BISARMA time series model for forecasting mortality using weather and particulate matter data
Authors: Leiva Víctor , Saulo Helton , Souza Rubens , Aykroyd Robert G. , Vila Roberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Birnbaum–Saunders (BS) distribution is a model that frequently appears in the statistical literature and has proved to be very versatile and efficient across a wide range of applications. However, despite the growing interest in the study of this distribution and the development of many articles, few of them have considered data with a dependency structure. To fill this gap, we introduce a new class of time series models based on the BS distribution, which allows modeling of positive and asymmetric data that have an autoregressive structure. We call these BS autoregressive moving average (BISARMA) models. Also included is a thorough study of theoretical properties of the proposed methodology and of practical issues, such as maximum likelihood parameter estimation, diagnostic analytics, and prediction. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. An analysis of real‐world data is performed using the methodology to show its potential for applications. The numerical results report the excellent performance of the BISARMA model, indicating that the BS distribution is a good modeling choice when dealing with time series data with positive support and asymmetrically distributed. Hence, it can be a valuable addition to the toolkit of applied statisticians and data scientists.