bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender‐related differences in treatment and outcome of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation‐patients
Authors: Gaisendrees Christopher , Djordjevic Ilija , Sabashnikov Anton , Adler Christoph , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Ivanov Borko , Walter Sebastian G. , Braumann Simon , Wörmann Jonas , Suhr Laura , Gerfer Stephen , Baldus Stephan , Mader Navid , Wahlers Thorsten 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) is a rapidly growing treatment strategy due to significant improvement in selected patients' survival rates. Gender‐related differences might impact the outcome of therapeutic measures. Therefore, we sought to investigate patients with eCPR at our interdisciplinary extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center regarding sex‐related differences with the view to potentially adjusting current selection criteria. From January 2016 to December 2019, 71 patients underwent eCPR at our institution. Data before eCPR and early outcome parameters were analyzed comparing male and female patients. The cohort analyzed consisted of 60 male (84%) and 11 female (15%) patients. Comparing both groups, male patients significantly more frequently suffered out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (68% male vs. 36% female, P = .04), whereas female patients were associated with more in‐hospital cardiac arrest (32% male vs. 64% female, P = .04). Creatinine levels differed significantly (1.5 (1.1;2.1) mg/dL in male vs. 1.0 (0.7;1.5) mg/dL in female patients, P = .03). Also, several hepatic parameters showed a significant difference between the groups: aspartate aminotransferase 423 (249;804) U/L in male vs. 115 (61;408) U/L in female patients, P = .01; alanine aminotransferase 174 (102;446) U/L in male vs. 86 (36;118) U/L in female patients, P = .01). Renal failure requiring hemodialysis occurred more frequently in men than in women (P < .01). There is a significant effect of male sex regarding renal failure with subsequent continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVH) (R2 = 0.11, ANOVA P = .01, 95% CI = −0.79‐−0.079). However, in‐hospital mortality was comparable between the groups (78% in male vs. 72% in female patients, P = .68). Our retrospective study showed several gender‐related differences associated with different cardiac arrest scenarios. Male sex was associated with a significantly higher risk for renal failure requiring CVVH. Survival rates were comparable between the groups. Further investigations should include gender in the evaluation of risk stratification for eCPR‐related complications to further improve selection criteria for this demanding therapy.
Adherence to the Physical Distancing Measures during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A HAPA‐Based Perspective
Authors: Beeckman Melanie , De Paepe Annick , Van Alboom Maité , Maes Sarah , Wauters Aline , Baert Fleur , Kissi Ama , Veirman Elke , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M.L. , Poppe Louise 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic requires massive and rapid behavior change. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) describes personal determinants that play a key role in behavior change. This study investigated whether these determinants are associated with adherence to physical distancing measures to prevent the spread of COVID‐19 (i.e. keeping 1.5 m physical distance and staying at home). Decreased psychosocial well‐being and lack of social support were explored as barriers to adherence.MethodsTwo cross‐sectional surveys were conducted among adults in Belgium. The first survey (N = 2,379; March 2020) focused on adherence to physical distancing measures. The second survey (N = 805; April 2020) focused on difficulty with, and perseverance in, adhering to these measures. Linear regression models were fitted to examine associations with HAPA determinants, psychosocial well‐being, and social support.ResultsSelf‐efficacy, outcome expectancies, intention, action planning, and coping planning were related to adhering to, difficulty with, and perseverance in, adhering to physical distancing measures. Decreased psychosocial well‐being and lack of social support were related to more difficulties with adhering to physical distancing and lower perseverance.ConclusionsHealth action process approach determinants are associated with adherence to physical distancing measures. Future work could design HAPA‐based interventions to support people in adhering to these measures.
Clinical characteristics of familial schizophrenia
Authors: Liu Na , Zhou Hui , Xiong Xiangyu , Li Qingwei , Jiang Xuefeng , Zhao Jingping , Yang Xiaoxin , Zhang Mingyuan , Wang Xiangqun , Wang Gang , Yang Fude , Hu Jian , Zhang Xinjun , Du Lingyang , Li Huichun , Feng Bing , Hu Zhenyu , Chen Zuoming , Wang Chunxia , Wang Xilin , Zhang Jinbei , Liu Tiebang , Jia Fujun , Sun Xueli , Xu Xiufeng , Meng Huaqing , Wang Gaohua , Zhang Ning , Mei Qiyi , Tan Qingrong , Peng Chunqing , Li Jing , Lu Zheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionA family history of psychiatric disorders is one of the strongest risk factors for schizophrenia. The characteristics of patients with a family history of psychiatric disorders have not been systematically evaluated.MethodsThis multicenter study (26 centers, 2425 cases) was performed in a Chinese population to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of schizophrenia patients with a family history of psychotic disorders in comparison with those of patients with sporadic schizophrenia.ResultsNineteen percent of patients had a family history of mental disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that ≥4 hospitalizations (OR = 1.78, P = .004), tobacco dependence (OR = 1.48, P = .006), alcohol dependence (OR = 1.74, P = .013), and physical illness (OR = 1.89, P = .001) were independently and significantly associated with a family history of mental disease.ConclusionPatients with a family history of mental disorders present different demographics and clinical features than patients without a family history of psychiatric disorders.
Letter: diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis—authors’ reply
Authors: Labenz Christian , Wörns Marcus‐Alexander 
Published: October 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Labenz et al and Liu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15915 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16015
Causes of peritoneal injury during laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair and methods of repair
Authors: Koyama Tsuyoshi , Xiang Zhang , Nagai Tomohide , Komoto Masahiro , Osawa Naoshi , Fujiwara Ichiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionPeritoneal injury during laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair is an intraoperative complication that affects accomplishment. We retrospectively examined the causes of peritoneal injury and methods of TEP repair.MethodsThis study examined 58 patients with inguinal hernia (43 unilateral, 15 bilateral) who had undergone TEP repair; all procedures were performed by the same surgeon. The incidence of peritoneal injury, clinical characteristics that could have influenced peritoneal injury, and management of the injury were analyzed.ResultsPeritoneal injury was noted in 16 inguinal hernias (21.9%, 16 /73). Injury occurred more frequently in right‐sided hernias than in left‐sided hernias (31.6% vs 11.4%, P = .049). No other factors were related to injury. Peritoneal injury occurred due to anatomical misrecognition in five hernias (31.3%, 5/16) and unintentional dissection in six hernias (37.5%, 6/16). All injuries due to unintentional dissection occurred in right‐sided hernias. The procedures used for peritoneal injury repair were endoscopic suturing for 4 hernias, pre‐tied loop ligation for 1 hernia, and ligation clips in 11 hernias. Additional techniques were required in three hernias repaired by endoscopic suturing (75% 3/4). After introduction of the ligation clips, endoscopic suturing was discontinued, and no additional techniques were needed.ConclusionPeritoneal injury more frequently occurred in right‐sided inguinal hernia than in left‐sided inguinal hernia during TEP repair. The common reasons for peritoneal injury were anatomical misrecognition and unintentional dissection. Repair using ligation clips is the best option for peritoneal injuries that occur during TEP repair.
Reproductive cycle, sexual maturity and longevity of Odontophrynus americanus (Anura: Odontophrynidae) in South Brazil
Authors: Brum Amanda J.C. , Loebens Luiza , Prado Cynthia P. A. , Cechin Sonia Z. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudies on the reproductive biology and age of amphibians provide primary information about the life history and population demographic parameters of species. Here, we describe the reproductive cycle, size–fecundity relationships, reproductive effort, sexual dimorphism and sexual maturity of Odontophrynus americanus, the flood frog, from South Brazil. A total of 96 individuals were analysed. The reproductive cycles of males and females were described through morphoanatomical analysis of testis and ovary. Age at onset of sexual maturity and estimated longevity were determined by skeletochronology. Individuals of O. americanus presented a potentially continuous reproductive cycle with a peak of reproductive activity in the warmer months. Females presented a higher reproductive investment than males. Sexual maturity was reached at around one year of age for both sexes while longevity differed between the sexes, with females living up to six years and males up to ten years. No evidence of sexual size dimorphism was found. This study is among the few that have assessed age at sexual maturity and longevity in a Neotropical anuran. Basic aspects of life history are of paramount importance because they allow comparisons and test of hypotheses to be made, which can help to build generalizations about the evolutionary meaning of ecological strategies.
Development of an instrument for exploring preservice technology teachers’ maker‐based technological pedagogical content knowledge
Authors: Ku Chih‐Jung , Loh Wei‐Leong Leon , Lin Kuen‐Yi , John Williams P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the development of the maker movement, more and more teachers are applying a broad range of technological tools in their pedagogy, instead of only information technology. This study details the development and validation of the Teachers Maker‐based TPACK Survey Instrument (TMTSI), a revised model designed to measure technology teachers’ maker‐based technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in utilizing maker‐based tools to support their teaching. We recruited 165 preservice secondary technology teachers in Taiwan for this study and confirmatory factor analysis was applied to validate the instrument. Our findings suggest that TMTSI provided a valid and highly reliable research‐based instrument that also serves as a professional development model to help scaffold the development of K‐12 technology teachers. This paper details the theoretical foundations of TMTSI, reports on its reliability and validity, and discusses the application and implications of TMTSI for teacher education and professional development.
Strain migration during multiphase extension, Stord Basin, northern North Sea rift
Authors: Fazlikhani Hamed , Aagotnes Synne S. , Refvem Marte A. , Hamilton‐Wright James , Bell Rebecca E. , Fossen Haakon , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Rotevatn Atle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn regions experiencing multiple phases of extension, rift‐related strain can vary along and across the basin during and between each phase, and the location of maximum extension can differ between the rift phase. Despite having a general understanding of multiphase rift kinematics, it remains unclear why the rift axis migrates between extension episodes. The role pre‐existing structures play in influencing fault and basin geometries during later rifting events is also poorly understood. We study the Stord Basin, northern North Sea, a location characterised by strain migration between two rift episodes. To reveal and quantify the rift kinematics, we interpreted a dense grid of 2D seismic reflection profiles, produced time‐structure and isochore (thickness) maps, collected quantitative fault kinematic data and calculated the amount of extension (β‐factor). Our results show that the locations of basin‐bounding fault systems were controlled by pre‐existing crustal‐scale shear zones. Within the basin, Permo‐Triassic Rift Phase 1 (RP1) faults mainly developed orthogonal to the E‐W extension direction. Rift faults control the locus of syn‐RP1 deposition, whilst during the inter‐rift stage, areas of clastic wedge progradation are more important in controlling sediment thickness trends. The calculated amount of RP1 extension (β‐factor) for the Stord Basin is up to β = 1.55 (±10%, 55% extension). During the subsequent Middle Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous Rift Phase 2 (RP2), however, strain localised to the west along the present axis of the South Viking Graben, with the Stord Basin being almost completely abandoned. Rift axis migration during RP2 is interpreted to be related to changes in lithospheric strength profile, possibly related to the ultraslow extension (<1 mm/year during RP1), the long period of tectonic quiescence (ca. 50 myr) between RP1 and RP2 and possible underplating. Our results highlight the very heterogeneous nature of temporal and lateral strain migration during and between extension phases within a single rift basin.
Not just a work permit: EU citizenship and the consumption behaviour of documented and undocumented immigrants
Authors: Adamopoulou Effrosyni , Kaya Ezgi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of the 2007 European Union enlargement on the consumption behaviour of immigrant households. Using data from a unique Italian survey and a difference‐in‐differences approach, we find that the enlargement induced a significant consumption increase for the immigrant households from new member states both in the short and in the medium run. This enlargement effect cannot be attributed to the mere legalization as it concerns both undocumented and documented immigrants, albeit through different channels. Detailed information on immigrants’ legal status (undocumented/documented) and sector of employment (informal/formal) allows us to shed light on the exact mechanisms. Following the enlargement, previously undocumented immigrants experienced an increase in the labour income by moving from the informal towards the formal economy, whereas immigrants who were already working legally in Italy benefited from the increased probability of getting a permanent contract. Enhanced employment stability in turn reduced the uncertainty about future labour income leading to an increase in documented immigrants’ consumption expenditure.
Multimorbidity in asthma, association with allergy, inflammatory markers and symptom burden, results from the Swedish GA2LEN study
Authors: Blöndal Viiu , Malinovschi Andrei , Sundbom Fredrik , James Anna , Middelveld Roelinde , Franklin Karl A. , Lundbäck Bo , Janson Christer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is common worldwide and a large part of subjects with asthma have concomitant allergic multimorbidity in the form of rhinitis and/or eczema.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate whether the presence of allergic multimorbidity in asthma relates to allergic sensitization, allergic and respiratory symptoms, quality of life, inflammatory markers, lung function, use of medication and background factors.MethodsA total of 437 asthmatics from the (GA2LEN) cross‐sectional survey in Sweden were grouped depending on the presence of rhinitis and/or eczema. The impact of allergic multimorbidity was assessed in terms of allergic sensitization, allergic and respiratory symptoms, quality of life, type‐2 inflammatory markers (exhaled nitric oxide, eosinophil activation markers, periostin), lung function, use of medication and background factors.ResultsSubjects with asthma, rhinitis and eczema were more likely to be sensitized to seasonal allergens (67% vs 32%, P < .001), food allergens (54% vs 18%, P < .001) and to have a higher degree of sensitization than subjects with only asthma (23% vs 10%, P < .001). Subjects with allergic multimorbidity more often had allergic reactions to food (28% vs 10%, P = .002), more respiratory symptoms and anxiety/depression (40% vs, 14%, P < .001) than subjects with only asthma, despite having similar levels of type 2 inflammatory markers. Individuals with allergic multimorbidity were more likely to be diagnosed with asthma before the age of 12 (48% vs 27%, P = .016) and to have maternal heredity for allergy (53% vs 33%, P = .011) than subjects with only asthma.Conclusion and clinical relevanceAsthmatics with allergic multimorbidity are more likely to be sensitized to seasonal aeroallergens, food allergens and they have a higher degree of sensitization compared with those with only asthma. Allergic multimorbidity is associated with respiratory and allergy symptoms, anxiety and/or depression.
Geology‐dependent impacts of forest conversion on stream fish diversity
Authors: Ishiyama Nobuo , Miura Kazuki , Inoue Takahiro , Sueyoshi Masanao , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractForest conversion is one of the greatest global threats to biodiversity, and land‐use change and subsequent biodiversity declines sometimes occur over a variety of underlying geologies. However, how forest conversion and underlying geology interact to alter biodiversity is underappreciated, although spatial variability in geology is considered an integral part of sustaining ecosystems. We aimed to examine the effects of forest conversion to farmland, the underlying geology, and their interaction on the stream fishes’ diversity, evenness, and abundance in northeastern Japan. We disentangled complex pathways between abiotic and biotic factors with structural equation modeling. Species diversity of stream fishes was indirectly shaped by the interaction of land use and underlying geology. Diversity declined due to nutrient enrichment associated with farmlands, which was mainly the result of changes in evenness rather than by changes in species richness. This impact was strongest in streams with volcanic geology with coarse substrates probably because of the differential responses of abundant stream fishes to nutrient enrichment (i.e., dominance) and the high dependency of these fishes on large streambed materials during their life cycles. Our findings suggest that remediation of deforested or degraded forest landscapes would be more efficient if the interaction between land use and underlying geology was considered. For example, the negative impacts of farmland on evenness were larger in streams with volcanic geology than in other stream types, suggesting that riparian forest restoration along such streams would efficiently provide restoration benefits to stream fishes. Our results also suggest that land clearing around such streams should be avoided to conserve species evenness of stream fishes.
Management of COVID‐19 patients in Fangcang shelter hospital: clinical practice and effectiveness analysis
Authors: Liu Pei , Zhang Hongmei , Long Xiang , Wang Wei , Zhan Danting , Meng Xinke , Li Duoyun , Wang Lingwei , Chen Rongchang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFangcang shelter (Cabin) hospitals were set up in order to cope with the rapid growth of confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Wuhan, China at a time when there were insufficient beds in designated hospitals. This paper describes the layout and functioning of a typical Fangcang shelter hospital, Wuhan Dongxihu Fangcang shelter Hospital, where the author has worked, the working mechanism, experience and effectiveness. A set of patient management protocols was employed for daily practice, which included preset criteria and procedure for admission, examination, medication treatment, referral and discharge. WeChat platform with different groups was used for communication, ward round, test appointments and patient data communication. All these procedures and mechanisms of working enabled the effective management of a larger number of patients with relatively few doctors. As a result, 442 mild or moderate COVID‐19 patients in Hall C were successfully managed by a team of 40 doctors, with 246 (56%) patients were cured and discharged from the Fangcang shelter hospital while the remaining 196 (44%) patients were referred on to designated hospitals for further treatment. The reasons for referral included poor resolution in computerized tomography (CT) scan (59%), persistently positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by PCR after 9 days of admission (16%), deterioration in CT image (4%), development of dyspnoea (1%) and other (4%) or unclear reasons (16%) due to no record of reasons for referral on the document. There were no deaths and no complaints from the patients in Hall C. In summary, the Fangcang shelter hospital could be run successfully with a set of patient management protocols under conditions of limited facilities and medical staff. It was effective and safe in isolating patients, providing basic medical care and early identification of potential severe cases. This experience may provide a successful example of a working mechanism for the prevention and control of the COVID‐19 pandemic worldwide.
A decade and a half of learning from Madagascar's first locally managed marine area
Authors: Gardner Charlie J. , Cripps Garth , Day Liz Prémesnil , Dewar Katrina , Gough Charlotte , Peabody Shawn , Tahindraza Gilde , Harris Alasdair 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile the participatory management of small scale fisheries has been widely promoted, we have limited understanding of the factors influencing its effectiveness. Here, we highlight lessons learnt from the implementation of Madagascar's first locally managed marine area (LMMA), drawing on our insights and experiences as staff of a comanaging nongovernmental organization (NGO). We describe the LMMA's context and history, and highlight aspects of our approach that we feel underpin its outcomes, including: (a) comanagement rather than community‐management; (b) the permanent field presence of a supporting NGO; (c) a management focus on locally important natural resources; (d) the implementation of poverty alleviation initiatives aimed at reducing barriers to management; (e) decision‐making by resource users rather than scientists; (f) a diversified, entrepreneurial funding model; and (g) an emphasis on monitoring and adaptive management. We also highlight several challenges, including: (a) the inability to influence fishery supply chains; (b) promoting participation and good governance; (c) promoting rule application; (d) standing up to outsiders; (e) promoting environmental management in the long term; and (f) maintaining funding. Our experiences suggest that small scale fishers can be effective natural resource managers in low‐income contexts, but may need extended support from outsiders; however, the role of supporting NGO is nuanced and complex.
“Can we all get along:”1 American political divisiveness in the 21st Century
Authors: Duty Ronald W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current American political divisiveness follows prior divisive periods and is not unique. The simultaneous developments of a culture war and a partisan realignment helped to create division. Disagreement over the proper role of government completed the division. Race is a significant dividing social and political issue in America. For Reinhold Niebuhr, “Democracy is a method of finding proximate solutions to insoluble problems.” Finding agreement over policing policy may be possible, but principled political compromise over underlying issues contributing to racial inequities is likely to be harder.