bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple chronic conditions and associated health care expenses in US adults with cancer: A 2010-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey study
Authors: Davis-Ajami Mary Lynn , Lu Zhiqiang K , Wu Jun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cancer increases the risk of developing one or more chronic conditions, yet little research describes the associations between health care costs, utilization patterns, and chronic conditions in adults with cancer. The objective of this study was to examine the treated prevalence of chronic conditions and the association between chronic conditions and health care expenses in US adults with cancer. Methods: This retrospective observational study used US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Household Component (2010-2015) data sampling adults diagnosed with cancer and one or more of 18 select chronic conditions. The measures used were treated prevalence of chronic conditions, and total and chronic condition-specific health expenses (per-person, per-year). Generalized linear models assessed chronic condition-specific expenses in adults with cancer vs. without cancer and the association of chronic conditions on total health expenses in adults with cancer, respectively, by controlling for demographic and health characteristics. Accounting for the complex survey design in MEPS, all data analyses and statistical procedures applied longitudinal weights for national estimates. Results: Among 3,657 eligible adults with cancer, 83.9% (n = 3,040; representing 16 million US individuals per-year) had at least one chronic condition, and 29.7% reported four or more conditions. Among those with cancer, hypertension (59.7%), hyperlipidemia (53.6%), arthritis (25.6%), diabetes (22.2%), and coronary artery disease (18.2%) were the five most prevalent chronic conditions. Chronic conditions accounted for 30% of total health expenses. Total health expenses were $6,388 higher for those with chronic conditions vs. those without (p<0.001). Health expenses associated with chronic conditions increased by 34% in adults with cancer vs. those without cancer after adjustment. Conclusions: In US adults with cancer, the treated prevalence of common chronic conditions was high and health expenses associated with chronic conditions were higher than those without cancer. A holistic treatment plan is needed to improve cost outcomes. Keywords: cancer, multiple chronic conditions, health expenses, health utilization
Occupational hazards in medium and large scale industrial sectors in Sri Lanka – Experience of a developing country
Authors: Arnold S.M. , Wickrematilake MSK , Fernando RMSD , Sampath HMRC , Karunapema RPP , Mahesh PKB , Munasinghe PM , Denawaka CJ 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective Occupational hazards is an area where many countries have begun to pay more emphasis as it affects the health of many particularly in developing countries. However, documented literature is scarce in this regard although occupational hazards are common in workplaces. The study was carried out with the objective of describing the physical hazards and control measures adopted in the formal medium and large-scale industrial sector in Sri Lanka. Results Of the 69 units of the 25 factories, physical hazards detected in the workplaces were; excessive noise (78.3%), poor light (58%), increased temperature (65.2%), and poor ventilation (68.1%). Over 50% of large machinery and 33% of medium-scale machinery were not adequately guarded. Nearly 41% of the machinery were difficult to operate, of them 36.2% had controls in positions which were hard to reach. Of safety measures adopted, only 34.8% had proper demarcation of areas with 28.9% displaying safety signs. Housekeeping was poor in 59.4% and less than 40% had safe storage of raw materials and end products. Key words Occupational hazards, Occupational health, Hazard control, Industry
Association between aerobic exercise and handgrip strength in adults: a cross-sectional study based on data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2017)
Authors: Seong Jae Yeon , Ahn HyeonYeong , Park Yeoncheol , Shin Sangah , Ha In-Hyuk 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Handgrip strength is an easy-to-assess indicator of overall muscle strength and can be used to evaluate health status. Although previous studies have reported an increase in grip strength due to aerobic exercise, such a study has not been conducted on Korean participants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on handgrip strength and examine the association between these two variables in Korean patients with hypertension or diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the 6th and 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2017). A total of 19,650 individuals aged ≥19 years who had responded to questionnaires concerning aerobic exercise and handgrip strength were analyzed. The relationship between aerobic activity and handgrip strength was examined by logistic regression analysis. Results The mean age of individuals in the low muscle strength group was higher than that in the normal muscle strength group. The odds ratio for low handgrip strength was higher in individuals who did not perform aerobic exercise than in those who performed aerobic exercise. Following adjustment for covariates, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for low handgrip strength were 1.415 (0.187–1.688) in the total sample, 1.799 (1.376–2.352) in patients with hypertension, and 1.811 (1.208–2.715) in patients with diabetes. Conclusion The results of our study indicated a strong association between aerobic exercise and handgrip strength in the Korean population.
The Prevalence of severe depression in Iranian elderly: A meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Salari Nader , Mohammadi Masoud , Vaisi-Raygani Aliakbar , Abdi Alireza , Shohaimi Shamarina , Paveh Behnam Khaledi , Daneshkhah Alireza , Jalali Rostam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the elderly and one of the most common risk factors for suicide in the elderly. Studies show different and inconsistent prevalence rates in Iran. This study aims to determine the prevalence of severe depression in Iranian elderly through a meta-analysis approach.Methods The present meta-analysis was conducted between January 2000-August 2019. Articles related to the subject matter were obtained by searching Scopus, Sciencedirect, SID, magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Medline (PubMed), and Google Scholar databases. The heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using I 2 index and the data were analyzed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.Results In a study of 3948 individuals aged 50-90 years, the overall prevalence of severe depression in Iranian elderly was 8.2% (95% CI: 4.14-6.3%) based on meta-analysis. Also, in order to investigate the effects of potential factors (sample size and year of study) on the heterogeneity of severe depression in Iranian elderly, meta-regression was used. It was reported that the prevalence of severe depression in Iranian elderly decreased with increasing sample size and increasing years of the study, which is significantly different (P<0.05).Conclusion Considering the high prevalence of severe depression in Iranian elderly, it is necessary for health policy makers to take effective control measures and periodic care for the elderly.
Coprophagy prevention alters microbiome structure and function and impairs memory in a small mammal
Authors: Bo Ting-bei , Zhang Xue-Ying , Kohl Kevin D. , Wen Jing , Tian Shuang-Jie , Wang De-Hua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background In the long process of adaptive evolution, many small mammals engage in coprophagy, or the behavior of consuming feces, as a means to meet nutritional requirements when feeding on low-quality foods. In addition to nutritional benefits, coprophagy may also help herbivores retain necessary gut microbial diversity and function, which may have downstream physiological effects, such as maintaining energy balance and cognitive function. Here, we used collars to prevent Brandt’s vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) from engaging in coprophagy and monitored changes in microbial community structure, energy metabolism, and memory formation. Results In this research, we found that coprophagy prevention decreased alpha diversity of the gut microbiota, and altered abundances of microbial taxa such as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Oscillospira. The coprophagy prevention decreased body mass while increased food intake and ghrelin level in serum. Importantly, coprophagy prevention decreased vole’s memory and neurotransmitters in brain. The administration of acetate compensated for the energy loss and decline of spatial memory caused by coprophagy prevention and partially rescued the composition and structure of gut microbiota. Conclusions These findings identify relationship between coprophagy behavior and interactions between the gut microbiota, energy metabolism and neurological function. Our results suggest that coprophagy may have a positive effect on animal’s nutritional requirements and ecological adaptations by improving memory function.
Deciphering bacterial interactions via DSF-regulated public goods in an anammox community
Authors: Guo Yongzhao , Zhao Yunpeng , Tang Xi , Na Tianxing , Pan Juejun , Zhao Huazhang , Liu Sitong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Bacterial interaction and communication via quorum sensing (QS) received extensively attention, as it can coordinate bacterial behavior and activity through the QS signal molecules in microbial community. Though the exchange of public goods regulated by QS have been explored in pure culture, how signal sense, transmit, and affect the social traits through regulating public goods in complex communities remains unclear. Results: The levels of public goods (e.g. extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and amino acids) changed significantly when exogenous diffusion signal factor (DSF), a kind of QS molecules, was added. Approaches involving meta-omics and hierarchical signalling network construction give insight into that anammox species ( Jettenia caeni , AMX1) and Proteobacteria -affiliated bacterium (PRO1) can sense and transit DSF signals, thus directly regulating the production and exchange of public goods via the secondary messenger c-di-GMP regulator, Clp. In detail, these two kinds of species can supply more costly amino acids for DSF-Secretor species (like AMX2, CFX1, CFX3, and PRO4) after sensing DSF. Meanwhile, DSF-Secretor species encoded diverse genes involved in hydrolysis of extracellular protein and carbohydrate and genes involved in transportation of peptides and sugars. The exogenous DSF-inducement also leads to the high expression of these genes, which indicated DSF-Secretor species helped anammox bacteria scavenge extracellular detritus. This process can be considered as a feedback of public goods supply by anammox bacteria, as this process contributed to create a suitable environment for anammox bacteria growth. Namely, DSF can bridge bacterial interactions through regulating public goods. Furthermore, the trade-off induces discrepant metabolic loads of different microbial clusters and community succession. It illustrated the potential to artificially alleviate metabolic loads and thus increase proliferation rate for certain bacteria through QS. Conclusions: DSF can bridge interactions of anammox bacteria and DSF-Secretor species through regulating production and exchange of public goods using Clp regulator. Deciphering microbial interactions via QS provides insights for understanding the molecular evolution of QS in microbial community.
Ethanol-activated CaMKII signaling induces neuronal apoptosis through Drp1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and JNK1-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Authors: Lim Jae Ryong , Lee Hyun Jik , Jung Young Hyun , Kim Jun Sung , Chae Chang Woo , Kim Seo Yihl , Han Ho Jae 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a representative phenotype of patients with chronic alcoholism. Ethanol-induced calcium overload causes NLRP3 inflammasome formation and an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics, closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. However, how calcium regulates this process in neuronal cells is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the detailed mechanism of calcium-regulated mitochondrial dynamics and NLRP3 inflammasome formation in neuronal cells by ethanol. Methods: In this study, we used the SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cell line. To confirm the expression level of the mRNA and protein, real time quantitative PCR and western blot were performed. Co-immunoprecipitation and Immunofluorescence staining were conducted to confirm the complex formation or interaction of the proteins. Flow cytometry was used to analyze intracellular calcium, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. Results: Ethanol increased cleaved caspase-3 levels and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation associated with neuronal apoptosis. In addition, ethanol increased PKA activation and CREB phosphorylation, which increased NMDA receptor (NMDAR) expression. Ethanol-increased NMDAR induced intracellular calcium overload and CaMKII activation leading to phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and JNK1. Drp1 phosphorylation promoted Drp1 translocation to the mitochondria, resulting in excessive mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial ROS accumulation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which was recovered by Drp1 inhibitor pretreatment. Ethanol-induced JNK1 phosphorylation activated the NLRP3 inflammasome that induced caspase-1 dependent mitophagy inhibition, thereby exacerbating ROS accumulation and causing cell death. Suppressing caspase-1 induced mitophagy and reversed the ethanol-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that ethanol upregulated NMDAR-dependent CaMKII phosphorylation which is essential for Drp1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and the JNK1-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Key words: Ethanol, NMDA receptor, NLRP3 inflammasome, CaMKII, JNK1, Drp1, Caspase-1, Mitophagy, Neuronal apoptosis
Changes in individual and contextual socio-economic level influence on reproductive behavior in Spanish women. The MCC-Spain study
Authors: Gómez-Acebo Ines , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Palazuelos Camilo , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Amiano Pilar , Fernández-Villa Tania , Ardanaz Eva , Suarez-Calleja Claudia , Alguacil Juan , Molina-Barceló Ana , Jiménez-Moleón José J. , Molero Jessica Alonso , Roca-Barceló Aina , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Vázquez José Pedro Fernández , Molinuevo Amaia , Aragonés Nuria , Serra Maria Sala , Binefa Gemma , Moreno Victor , Pollán Marina , Kogevinas Manolis , Llorca Javier 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The association between socioeconomic level and reproductive factors has been widely studied. For example, it is well known that women with lower socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have more children, the age at first-born being earlier. However, less is known about to what extent the great socioeconomic changes occurred in a country (Spain) could modify women reproductive factors. Objective: To analyze the influence of individual and contextual socioeconomic levels on reproductive factors in Spanish women, and to explore whether this influence has changed over the last decades. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional design using data from 2038 women recruited as population-based controls in an MCC-Spain case-control study. Results: Higher parent’s economic level, education level, occupational level and lower urban vulnerability were associated with higher age at first delivery and lower number of pregnancies. These associations were stronger for women born after 1950: women with unfinished primary education had their first delivery six years before women with high education if they were born after 1950 (23.4 vs. 29.8 years) but only three years before if they were born before 1950 (25.7 vs. 28.0 years). For women born after 1950, the number of pregnancies dropped from 2.1 (unfinished primary school) to 1.7 (high education), whereas it remained almost unchanged in women born before 1950. Conclusions: Reproductive behavior was associated with both individual and area-level socio-economic indicators. Such association was stronger for women born after 1950 regarding age at first delivery and number of pregnancies and for women born before 1950 regarding consumption of hormonal contraceptives or postmenopausal therapy.
High detection rate of osteoporosis with screening of a general hospitalized population: a 6-year study in 6406 patients in a University Hospital setting.
Authors: Malaise Olivier , Detroz Marie , Leroy Mathieu , Leonori Lorenzo , Seidel Laurence , Malaise Michel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disease identified by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) that can be performed in an ambulatory (out-patient) or hospitalized population. We evaluated the use of baseline in-hospital DEXA screening to identify osteoporosis in ambulatory care and hospitalized patients; we also assessed specific risk factors for osteoporosis among these populations. Methods: We included a baseline initial DEXA from 6406 consecutive patients at our tertiary referral University Hospital. Results: Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 22.3% of the study population. In univariate analysis, osteoporosis risk factors were age, fracture history and low BMI (for all 3 sites), but also corticotherapy (lumbar spine and femoral neck) and male gender (lumbar spine). In multivariate analysis, age, fracture history, low BMI, and male gender increased osteoporosis risk. In-hospital screening yielded a higher percentage of osteoporosis positive scans than ambulatory care screening (31.8% vs 18.5%, p<0.001). In-hospital screening targeted an older and more predominantly male population with a higher fracture history. Z-scores revealed that this difference was not only due to an older age of the population and mainly concerned cortical bone. This suggests the existence of more numerous comorbidities deleterious for bone health in hospitalized patients. Conclusions: In-hospital osteoporosis screening was more effective than screening in ambulatory practice and could be an additional tool to improve the identification and management of osteoporosis. In addition to typical risk factors, we identified male gender as an osteoporosis risk factor in our cohort.
Imaging and treatment patterns in newly-diagnosed patients with Crohn’s disease: analysis of a Japanese claims database
Authors: Hirai Fumihito , Uda Akihito , Ota Mihoko , Takemura Yukiko , Tanaka Keisuke , Iwakiri Ryuichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The biologics adalimumab, infliximab, and ustekinumab are approved to treat Crohn’s disease (CD) in Japan; they are recommended to induce/maintain remission in steroid-dependent/steroid-refractory CD. However, little is known about biologic use in real-world clinical practice, particularly in the initial treatment stage following endoscopic/radiographic diagnosis (intestinal inspection). Methods: This observational, retrospective, longitudinal cohort study assessed patients in the Japan Medical Data Center claims database who were diagnosed with CD from 2009–2019, and prescribed ≥ 1 biologic (adalimumab, infliximab, ustekinumab). Primary outcomes were type of first-line treatment prescribed on/within 6 months of first CD diagnosis, and time from first diagnosis to biologic introduction. Results: The study included 1346 patients with newly-diagnosed CD who were prescribed a biologic (adalimumab, n = 434; infliximab, n = 892; ustekinumab, n = 20). Most common first-line treatments were 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) monotherapy (26.8%), 5-ASA plus biologic (26.3%), and biologic monotherapy (12.9%). First-line steroids (monotherapy/in combination) were prescribed in 10.8% of patients. The first-line biologic prescription rate was lower in patients who had undergone intestinal inspection within 12 months before biologic introduction versus those who had not (5.3% vs 17.4% in monotherapy; 19.9% vs 65.4% in combination with other agents). Mean time from diagnosis to first biologic prescription was 4.1 months. Conclusions: The study demonstrated high use of biologics (particularly infliximab) and low use of steroids in initial treatment of Japanese patients with newly-diagnosed CD who received biologics during their treatment course. Biologic prescription was more common in patients who had not undergone prior intestinal inspection.
The evaluative effectiveness of a combined index exceeded that of a single variable for the ovarian reserve and response of infertile women
Authors: Zhou Shan-Jie , Zhao Ming-Jia , Li Cui , Su Xing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aim of the present study was to explore the evaluative effectiveness of age, ovarian volume, antral follicle count (AFC), serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), FSH/LH ratio and ovarian response prediction index (ORPI) to determine which could most advantageously assess ovarian reserve and response.Methods This research enrolled 319 consecutive infertile women who had undergone IVF-ET/ICSI treatments. Abovementioned variables were measured and calculated. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analysis was used to analyze the predictive accuracy of variables and to calculate cut-off values and corresponding sensitivity and specificity.Results Our study revealed that the significant variables for evaluating a decline in ovarian reserve include age, total volume of bilateral ovary, FSH, and ORPI. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of ORPI was higher than other three variables (AUC = 0.903), and the cut-off value of ORPI was 0.245 (sensitivity 90.1%, specificity 73.9%). The significant variables forecasting excessive ovarian response were age, AFC, AMH, ORPI, FSH and FSH/LH ratio, and the significant variables forecasting low ovarian response were AMH and FSH/LH ratio. ORPI and FSH/LH ratio presented better effectiveness in evaluating ovarian response. When they were used to predict excessive response, the cut-off values of ORPI and FSH/LH ratio was 0.886 (sensitivity 84.7%, specificity 67.3%) and 1.753 (sensitivity 56.2%, specificity 67.6%), respectively. When used to predict low response, the cut-off value of FSH/LH ratio was 2.983 (sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 83.8%).Conclusions ORPI performed better than did the other variables in evaluating ovarian reserve and predicting excessive ovarian response, and the FSH/LH ratio performed better than did the other variables in predicting low ovarian response. Consequently, we agreed that the evaluative effectiveness of a combined index exceeded that of a single variable for evaluating the ovarian reserve and response of infertile women.