bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Collateral Value Affect Asset Prices? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Texas
Authors: Zevelev Albert Alex 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDoes the ability to pledge an asset as collateral, after purchase, affect its price? This paper identifies the impact of collateral service flows on house prices, exploiting a plausibly exogenous constitutional amendment in Texas that legalized home equity loans in 1998. The law change increased Texas house prices 4 $\%$; this is price-based evidence that households are credit-constrained and value home equity loans to facilitate consumption smoothing. Prices rose more in locations with inelastic supply, higher prelaw house prices, higher income, and lower unemployment. These estimates reveal that richer households value the option to pledge their home as collateral more strongly.
Imbalance toward TFH 1 cells playing a role in aberrant B cell differentiation in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Ly Nhung Thi My , Ueda-Hayakawa Ikuko , Nguyen Chuyen Thi Hong , Huynh Trang Nguyen Mai , Kishimoto Izumi , Fujimoto Manabu , Okamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
SSc is a connective tissue disease with multisystem disorder induced by the inflammation and fibrosis following T and B cell abnormalities. Follicular helper CD4+ T (TFH) cells play a crucial role in the formation of germinal centres and specialize in interacting to aid B cell differentiation. We aimed to investigate TFH cells and their subsets to evaluate their involvement with B cell alteration in SSc.

Method
Circulating TFH cells (cTFH), B cells and their subsets were assessed by flow cytometry. The concentration of serum cytokines was measured by cytokine array assay. Immunohistochemistry and IF were performed to evaluate the migration of TFH cells in SSc skin lesions.

Results
The proportion of cTFH cells did not differ from controls, but their subsets were imbalanced in SSc patients. The frequency of TFH 1 was increased and correlated with ACA titre, serum IgM or CRP levels of patients, and cytokine concentrations of IL-21 and IL-6 that induce B cell differentiation in SSc. cTFH cells from SSc showed activated phenotype with expressing higher cytokine levels compared with controls. The frequency of TFH 17 was also increased, but was not correlated with a high level of Th17 cytokines in patients’ sera. Furthermore, infiltration of TFH cells was found in skin lesion of SSc patients.

Conclusion
We here describe an imbalance of cTFH toward TFH 1 that may induce B cell alteration through IL-21 and IL-6 pathways and promote inflammation, contributing to the pathogenesis of SSc disease.
The Effect of Chemotherapy on Balance, Gait, and Falls Among Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wechsler Stephen , Wood Lisa 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Evidence has mounted that cancer survivors demonstrate impaired balance, gait, and increased risk of falls following chemotherapy treatment. This relationship must be clearly defined in order to screen for functional impairments, intervene appropriately, effectively advise stakeholders, and plan for future research.

Purpose:
To conduct a scoping review to systematically map the current literature on the effect of chemotherapy on balance, gait, and falls among cancer survivors.

Methods:

Data Sources: Four databases were searched for studies. Study Selection: In total, 3769 abstracts were identified through literature searches. After screening and full-text review, 30 articles were included in this scoping review. Data Extraction: Data related to study design, temporality, sample characteristics, cancer/chemotherapy type(s), outcome measures, and relevant findings were extracted from full texts. Data Synthesis: Descriptive quantitative summaries were calculated and a narrative analysis was performed.

Discussion and Limitations:
The current body of literature is largely in agreement that chemotherapy negatively impacts static balance, dynamic balance, and gait and results in increased risk of falls throughout the survivorship continuum. The relationship between chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and these outcomes is evident. Males, non–breast cancer diagnoses, and causal pathways other than CIPN are underrepresented in the literature.

Conclusion:
This scoping review summarized the current body of literature related to the effect of chemotherapy on balance, gait, and falls. Clinical implications are proposed and suggestions made for future research to include more prospective studies with emphases on chemotherapy type and dosage, fewer sex-biased diagnoses, and to explore alternative causal pathways.
Safe and Effective Chin Augmentation With the Hyaluronic Acid Injectable Filler, VYC-20L
Authors: Beer Kenneth , Kaufman-Janette Joely , Bank David , Biesman Brian , Dayan Steven , Kim William , Chawla Smita , Schumacher Andrew 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND
VYC-20L is a hyaluronic acid soft tissue filler with lidocaine designed to restore facial volume.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the safety and effectiveness of VYC-20L in patients with chin retrusion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Adults with chin retrusion were randomized (3:1) to receive VYC-20L in the chin at study onset (treatment group) or 6 months later (control group). The primary effectiveness end point was ≥1-point improvement on the Allergan Chin Retrusion Scale (ACRS) from baseline at Month 6. Safety assessments included injection site responses (ISRs) and adverse events (AEs).

RESULTS
VYC-20L was administered to 192 participants (treatment group, n = 144; control group, n = 48). At Month 6, significantly more participants had an ACRS response in the treatment versus control group (56.3% vs 27.5%; p = .0019). Effectiveness was also demonstrated by the proportion of participants with improved/much improved Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores and responses on the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Chin questionnaire and FACE-Q Psychological Wellbeing module. Treatment benefit remained evident at Month 12. Most common ISRs were tenderness (81.1%) and firmness (75.1%). One participant (0.5%) discontinued the study due to 2 treatment-related serious AEs of facial cellulitis and injection site inflammation, both resolved without sequelae.

CONCLUSION
VYC-20L significantly improved an ACRS response and was generally safe and well tolerated.
Enhanced Otolith Function Despite Severe Labyrinthine Damage in a Case of Pneumolabyrinth and Pneumocephalus Due to Otogenic Meningitis Associated With Superior Canal Dehiscence
Authors: Castellucci Andrea , Botti Cecilia , Renna Luigi , Delmonte Silvia , Moratti Claudio , Pascarella Rosario , Bianchin Giovanni , Ghidini Angelo 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
To describe a rare case of pneumolabyrinth (PNL) and pneumocephalus (PNC) due to otogenic meningitis in a patient with superior canal dehiscence (SCD) resulting in profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), semicircular canals impairment but preservation of SCD-related enhanced otolith function.

Patient:
A 65-year-old woman with otogenic meningitis.

Intervention:
Temporal bone high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans, brain-magnetic resonance imaging, audiometry, bedside examination, video-head impulse test, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs).

Main outcome measures:
Enhanced otolith function despite canal and cochlear loss.

Results:
The patient developed right profound SNHL and acute labyrinthitis. Imaging showed middle ear inflammatory tissue, right PNL and PNC despite lack of bony fractures. Bilateral SCD and tegmen dehiscence were detected. The patient underwent mastoidectomy, drainage of effusion, and surgical repair of tegmen dehiscence. Exploratory tympanotomy was uneventful. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics and dexamethasone for 3 weeks with improvement of general condition. At 3-weeks follow-up, right profound SNHL persisted with global hypofunction for ipsilateral semicircular canals and selective impairment for left superior canal activity at video-head impulse test. Surprisingly, both cervical and ocular-VEMPs exhibited bilaterally abnormal amplitudes and reduced thresholds, consistently with preserved SCD-related macular hypersensitivity to sounds even on the affected side.

Conclusions:
This case report exhibits a unique clinical scenario as it offers interesting insights concerning PNL aetiology despite lack of either bony fractures or barotrauma and PNC likely conveyed intracranially by SCD. Moreover, it provides an unusual pattern of functional dissociation among inner-ear receptors showing enhanced otolith function despite severe labyrinthine damage.
On the Intracochlear Location of Straight Electrode Arrays After Cochlear Implantation: How Lateral Are Lateral Wall Electrodes?
Authors: Salcher Rolf , Boruchov Aaron , Timm Max , Steffens Melanie , Giesemann Anja , Lenarz Thomas , Warnecke Athanasia 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
Cochlear implants are the gold standard for patients with severe sensorineural hearing loss. A focused electrical stimulation of individual spiral ganglion neurons has not been achieved yet because the scala tympani is a fluid-filled compartment and does not offer a matrix for neuritic outgrowth. Coating of the electrode contacts with swelling hydrogels could fill that gap between the electrode array and the medial wall of the cochlea. Therefore, the exact position of the electrode array within the scala tympani has to be known.

Study Design:
Retrospective analysis of patient data sets.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center. A total of 95 patients with cochlear implants from one manufacturer were included in this study. The lateral wall, the modiolar wall, and the cochlear implant electrode were segmented using OsiriX MD. For repositioning and reconstructing the respective contours and measuring distances, files were analyzed in MATLAB. The distances from the edge of each electrode contact to the cochlear walls showed no significant differences. But between the different contacts within each patient, there were significant differences. Around 180 degree insertion, electrodes start to get in contact with the lateral wall. The tip of the electrode array was always facing toward the modiolar wall independent of the length of the electrode. We established a method to analyze the position of electrodes within the cochlea.
Exploring the Impact of Religion and Spirituality on Mental Health and Coping in a Group of Canadian Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Adams G. Camelia , Wrath Andrew J. , Le Thuy , Adams Stephen , De Souza Dawn , Baetz Marilyn , Koenig Harold G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Research has shown that religious/spiritual (R/S) beliefs can impact mental health. In addition, individual attachment impacts R/S views and mental health. Still, clinical studies are lacking. This study explores the presence of R/S beliefs and attachment insecurity in psychiatric outpatients and the implication for mental health. Ninety psychiatric outpatients reported their R/S beliefs and were categorized into two groups: religious/spiritual (+R/S) or nonreligious/spiritual (−R/S). The groups were compared on attachment, psychiatric symptoms, religious coping, and life satisfaction. Multivariate linear regression was also performed. The +R/S group had significantly higher religious coping and lower attachment insecurity, depression severity, and social anxiety. Attachment insecurity was associated with negative religious coping. Higher attachment avoidance was associated with lower life satisfaction and higher social anxiety. Many patients in psychiatric care hold R/S views and use religious coping. Their R/S beliefs and attachment characteristics might influence each other and impact their mental illness.
Affiliate Faculty in Nursing Clinical Education
Authors: Luckenbach Alyson , Nelson-Brantley Heather , Ireland-Hoffmann Ginger 
Published: September 2020

Background
Academic-practice relationships can be integral in advancing high-quality education for prelicensure nursing students. In a midwestern city, the academic health center and school of nursing developed the affiliate faculty model, a viable and sustainable model for clinical education.

Purpose
This study explores the efficacy of the affiliate faculty model as reported by prelicensure nursing students and affiliate faculty over a 7-year period.

Methods
This study used a cross-sectional, descriptive survey design. An electronic survey using a mixed-methods approach was administered to nursing students and affiliate faculty.

Results
Seventy-two students and 25 affiliate faculty participated, agreeing that affiliate faculty prepared students to provide safe care and connect classroom to clinical. Themes included knowledge of the health system, support at the bedside, enjoyment of teaching, and creating “light bulb moments.”

Conclusions
The affiliate faculty model strengthens academic-practice partnerships while addressing the nursing faculty shortage.
Characterization of 2 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains With High-Level Azithromycin Resistance Isolated in 2015 and 2018 in Japan
Authors: Shimuta Ken , Lee Kenichi , Yasuda Mitsuru , Furubayashi Keiichi , Uchida Chiaki , Nakayama Shu-ichi , Takahashi Hideyuki , Ohnishi Makoto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We identified and characterized the first 2 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with high-level azithromycin resistance isolated in Japan. These were in the clade of ceftriaxone- and azithromycin-resistant strains isolated in Australia and the United Kingdom. The multilocus sequence typing, N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing, and N. gonorrhoeae sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance types of these strains were found in gonococci from eastern Asia.
The General Public’s Support Toward Governmental Provision of Free/Subsidized HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis to At-Risk Chinese People: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Luo Sitong , Wang Zixin , Lau Joseph Tak-Fai 
Published: September 2020

Background
Given its high cost, governmental financing is essential for promoting HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The study investigated levels and associated factors of the general public's support toward governmental provision of free or subsidized PrEP to Chinese people at high risk of HIV.

Methods
A population-based random telephone survey was conducted among 300 residents in Hong Kong, China, from June to July, 2019. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were performed.

Results
The prevalence rates of supportive attitude for free and subsidized PrEP were 30.0% and 30.3%, respectively; opinions were split, as similar proportions showed oppositional attitude. Those who were older, had less education, did not have a full-time job, or reported a lower household income were less likely to support free or subsidized PrEP. Stigmatizing attitudes against homosexuals (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73–0.89) and perceived negative societal impacts of free PrEP (AOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70–0.87) were negatively associated with the support for free PrEP. Compassion to others (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.21), perceived positive societal impacts of free PrEP (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.43–2.44), and the belief that the positive impacts would overweigh the negative impacts (AOR, 26.97; 95% CI, 10.66–68.24) were positively associated with the support for free PrEP. Similar associations were observed for the support toward subsidized PrEP.

Conclusions
The Hong Kong general public's support for government financial assistance of PrEP for people at high risk of HIV was low. Preexposure prophylaxis advocacy campaigns are warranted and suggested to incorporate components that address the associated factors.
Digital Analysis of Cranial Sutures Computed Tomography Data in Adolescents
Authors: Du Shanshan , Zhang Chen , Bi Hongsen , Yang Xin , Lv Yi , Zhi Juan , Zhao Zhenmin , Wang Junchen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To investigate the degree of fusion in sutures of the skull, the authors analyzed cranial computed tomography (CT) data using digital technologies to obtain the density values of coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures in Chinese Han adolescents.
The authors selected 80 patients who had undergone maxillofacial surgery. They were divided by age into a 9- to 12-year-old group and a 13 to 15-year-old group. The grayscale value of the cranial CT suture was segmented and measured using Mimics 20.0 software. The Mimics software measurement data were imported into SPSS 21.0 for data comparison and analysis.
The mean grayscale value of coronal sutures was 1203.25 and the standard deviation was 220.48, while the mean grayscale value of sagittal sutures was 1113.76 and the standard deviation was 197.83. The mean grayscale value of lambdoid sutures was 1106.37, and the standard deviation was 200.01. The grayscale values of coronal sutures were higher than those of sagittal sutures or lambdoid sutures. Further paired sample t tests were performed on the 3 types of cranial sutures. The differences between coronal and sagittal sutures and between coronal and lambdoid sutures were both substantial with statistical significance. Nevertheless, the difference between sagittal and lambdoid sutures was not significant. Further, an independent sample t-test, showed the grayscale values of coronal, sagittal and lambdoid sutures in the 9–12-year)ear-old group were significantly lower than those in the 13 to 15-year-old group (P < 0.001).
Through digital technologies, the research findings are more precise and accurate, which is of great significance to research on maxillofacial and associated anatomy.
Trust the FAST: Confirmation that the FAST examination is highly specific for intra-abdominal hemorrhage in over 1,200 patients with pelvic fractures
Authors: Schwed Alexander C. , Wagenaar Amy , Reppert Amy E. , Gore Amy V. , Pieracci Fredric M. , Platnick Kenneth B. , Lawless Ryan A. , Campion Eric M. , Coleman Jamie J. , Cohen Mitchell J. , Moore Ernest E. , Burlew Clay Cothren 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND
Use of the focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination in patients with pelvic fractures has been reported as unreliable. We hypothesized that FAST is a reliable method for detecting clinically significant intra-abdominal hemorrhage in patients with pelvic fractures.

METHODS
All patients with pelvic fractures over a 10-year period were reviewed at a Level I trauma center. The predictive ability of FAST was assessed by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value against the criterion standard of either computed tomography (CT) or laparotomy findings. The FAST examination was considered “false negative” if findings at laparotomy indicated traumatic intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Likewise, the FAST examination was considered “false positive” if either CT or findings at laparotomy indicated no intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Hemodynamic instability scores were calculated for all patients.

RESULTS
There were 1,456 patients with pelvic fractures and an initial FAST reviewed; 1,219 (83.7%) underwent FAST and either CT or operative exploration. Median age was 43 years (interquartile range, 26–56 years) and mean Injury Severity Score was 18.5 ± 12.3. The sensitivity and specificity for FAST in this group of patients with pelvic fracture was 85.4% and 98.1%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 78.4% and 98.8%, respectively. Of 21 patients with a false-positive FAST, 15 (71.4%) were confirmed with a negative CT scan, and 6 (28.6%) underwent laparotomy without findings of intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Of 13 patients with a false-negative FAST, all were identified with positive findings at the time of laparotomy. The specificity of the FAST examination remained high regardless of hemodynamic instability score grade.

CONCLUSION
The false positive rate of FAST examination for intra-abdominal hemorrhage is 1.1%. These data suggest that a positive FAST in this clinical scenario should be considered to represent intra-abdominal fluid. This series contradicts prior reports that FAST is unreliable in patients with pelvic fracture.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic, level III.
Analysis of external quality assessment samples revealed crucial performance differences between commercial RT-PCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection when taking extraction methods and real-time-PCR instruments into account
Authors: Malecki Monika , Luesebrink Jessica , Wendel Andreas , Mattner Frauke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn limelight of the ongoing pandemic SARS-CoV-2 testing is critical for the diagnosis of infected patients, contact-tracing and mitigating the transmission. Diagnostic laboratories are expected to provide appropriate testing with maximum accuracy. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is the diagnostic standard yet many commercial diagnostic kits have become available. However, only a handful of studies have reviewed their performance in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the overall analytical matrix including the extraction kit (BD MAX, Promega, Qiagen), the PCR instrument (Agilent Mx3005P, BD MAX, Qiagen Rotor-Gene, Roche Cobas z 480) and the RT-PCR assay (Altona Diagnostics, CerTest Biotec, R-Biopharm AG) using predefined samples from proficiency testing organizers.The greatest difference of the Ct values between the matrices was 9 cycles. One borderline sample could not be detected by 3 out of 12 analytical matrices and yielded a false negative result. We therefore conclude that diagnostic laboratories should take the complete analytical matrix in addition to the performance values published by the manufacturer for a respective RT-PCR kit into account. With limited resources laboratories have to validate a wide range of kits to determine appropriate analytical matrices for detecting SARS-CoV-2 reliably. The interpretation of clinical results has to be adapted accordingly.
Resuming assisted reproduction services during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Indian experience
Authors: Jirge Padma Rekha , Patwardhan Sadhana , Paranjape Dilip , Jirge Shishir Narendra , Bhomkar Deepali Atul , Chougule Shruti Mahesh , Salpekar Anita , Modi Deepak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe pandemic of COVID-19 has affected many countries; and medical services including assisted reproductive treatment (ART) have been hampered. The purpose of the study was to assess the preparedness of ART clinics and staff to resume services; patients’ reasons to initiate treatment and key performance indicators (KPIs) of ART labs during pandemic.MethodsSemi-descriptive report of two private in-vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics in Maharashtra, India, when COVID-19 testing for asymptomatic people was unavailable. Time required for replenishing laboratory supplies, and staff preparedness to function under ‘new norms’ of pandemic was documented. Infection mitigation measures at workplace and triaging strategy were evaluated. KPIs of the clinics were evaluated.Results30% of the patients consulted through telemedicine accepted or were eligible to initiate treatment upon clinic resumption. Lack of safe transport and financial constraints prevented majority from undergoing IVF, and only 9% delayed treatment due to fear of pandemic. With adequate training, staff compliance to meet new demands could be achieved within a week, but supply of consumables was a major constraint. 52 cycles of IVF were performed including fresh cycles and frozen embryo transfers with satisfactory KPIs even during pandemic. Conscious sedation and analgesia during oocyte retrieval was associated with reduced procedure time and no intervention for airway maintenance, compared to general anaesthesia. Self reported pain scores by patients ranged from nil to mild on a graphic rating scale.ConclusionThis study provides a practical insight and will aid in forming guidelines for resumption of IVF services during pandemic.