bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Molecular Targets in the Setting of Chemoradiation for Esophageal Malignancies
Authors: Jabbour Salma K , Williams Terence M , Sayan Mutlay , Miller Eric D , Ajani Jaffer A , Chang Andrew C , Coleman Norman , El-Rifai Wael , Haddock Michael , Ilson David , Jamorabo Daniel , Kunos Charles , Lin Steven , Liu Geoffrey , Prasanna Pataje G , Rustgi Anil K , Wong Rosemary , Vikram Bhadrasain , Ahmed Mansoor M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough the development of effective combined chemoradiation regimens for esophageal cancers has resulted in statistically significant survival benefits, the majority of patients treated with curative intent develop locoregional and/or distant relapse. Further improvements in disease control and survival will require the development of individualized therapy based on the knowledge of host and tumor genomics and potentially harnessing the host immune system. Although there are a number of gene targets that are amplified and proteins that are overexpressed in esophageal cancers, attempts to target several of these have not proven successful in unselected patients. Herein, we review our current state of knowledge regarding the molecular pathways implicated in esophageal carcinoma, and the available agents for targeting these pathways that may rationally be combined with standard chemoradiation, with the hope that this commentary will guide future efforts of novel combinations of therapy.
The Network That Never Sleeps
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Kanakis Constantine , Golab Kathryn , Hermelin Daniela , Crane Genevieve M , Mirza Kamran M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This review describes how Twitter is currently used by laboratory professionals for education, research, and networking. This platform has a global audience. It enables users to post information publicly, easily, rapidly, and free of charge. The absence of hierarchies enables interactions that may not be feasible offline. Laboratory professionals teach thousands of people using text, images, polls, and videos. Academic discussion flourishes without paywalls. Published research is shared faster than ever before, articles are discussed in online journal clubs, and research collaborations are facilitated. Pathologists network globally and make new friends within and beyond their specialty. Pathology departments and residency programs showcase trainees and faculty and celebrate graduations. As users in one time zone go to bed, others who are just waking up begin to read and tweet, creating a 24/7/365 live global online conference. We encourage others to plug into the power of Twitter, the network that never sleeps.
Make-Belief Translation: Fictive Truths and World-Building from The Lord of the Rings to Theological Institutions
Authors: Godin Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article explores the relationship of truth and fiction through three case studies of imagined translation used to construct worlds. The first is The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, who presents the work as a translation of an ancient text. The second and third are both theological metaphors: imagining teaching as translation, and offering translation as a model for inter-religious dialogue. Comparing these cases extends the theory of world-building—most commonly associated with fantasy and science fiction—into a tool for reflecting on institutions and their structures. The case studies offer insights on negotiating relationships across difference, and on the fabrication of difference itself.
Human mucosal-associated invariant T cells respond to Mucorales species in a MR1-dependent manner
Authors: Böttcher Sarah , Hartung Susann , Meyer Florian , Rummler Silke , Voigt Kerstin , Walther Grit , Hochhaus Andreas , von Lilienfeld-Toal Marie , Jahreis Susanne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Activation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) by certain bacteria, viruses, and yeast is well studied, but the activation potential of filamentous moulds from the order Mucorales is not known. Here, we show a rapid response of human MAIT cells against the Mucorales species Mucor circinelloides, Rhizopus arrhizus, and Rhizopus microsporus. This activation included upregulation of CD69 and degranulation marked by increased CD107a expression, while intracellular perforin and granzyme A expression were reduced. Furthermore, blocking of the antigen-presenting molecule major histocompatibility complex class I-related abrogated MAIT cell activation demonstrating a T cell receptor-dependent stimulation by Mucorales.
Carbon stars as standard candles – II. The median J magnitude as a distance indicator
Authors: Parada Javiera , Heyl Jeremy , Richer Harvey , Ripoche Paul , Rousseau-Nepton Laurie 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new distance determination method using carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars (CS) as standard candles and the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) as the fundamental calibrators. We select the samples of CS from the ((J − Ks)0, J0) colour–magnitude diagrams, as, in this combination of filters, CS are bright and easy to identify. We fit the CS J-band luminosity functions using a Lorentzian distribution modified to allow the distribution to be asymmetric. We use the parameters of the best-fitting distribution to determine if the CS luminosity function of a given galaxy resembles that of the LMC or SMC. Based on this resemblance, we use either the LMC or SMC as the calibrator and estimate the distance to the given galaxy using the median J magnitude ($\overline{J}$) of the CS samples. We apply this new method to the two Local Group galaxies NGC 6822 and IC 1613. We find that NGC 6822 has an ‘LMC-like’ CS luminosity function, while IC 1613 is more ‘SMC-like’. Using the values for the median absolute J magnitude for the LMC and SMC found in Paper I we find a distance modulus of μ0 = 23.54 ± 0.03 (stat) for NGC 6822 and μ0 = 24.34 ± 0.05 (stat) for IC 1613.
Chromatin regulatory dynamics of early human small intestinal development using a directed differentiation model
Authors: Hung Yu-Han , Huang Sha , Dame Michael K , Yu Qianhui , Yu Qing C , Zeng Yi A , Camp J Gray , Spence Jason R , Sethupathy Praveen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe establishment of the small intestinal (SI) lineage during human embryogenesis ensures functional integrity of the intestine after birth. The chromatin dynamics that drive SI lineage formation and regional patterning in humans are essentially unknown. To fill this knowledge void, we apply a cutting-edge genomic technology to a state-of-the-art human model of early SI development. Specifically, we leverage chromatin run-on sequencing (ChRO-seq) to define the landscape of active promoters, enhancers and gene bodies across distinct stages of directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into SI spheroids with regional specification. Through comprehensive ChRO-seq analysis we identify candidate stage-specific chromatin activity states, novel markers and enhancer hotspots during the directed differentiation. Moreover, we propose a detailed transcriptional network associated with SI lineage formation or regional patterning. Our ChRO-seq analyses uncover a previously undescribed pattern of enhancer activity and transcription at HOX gene loci underlying SI regional patterning. We also validated this unique HOX dynamics by the analysis of single cell RNA-seq data from human fetal SI. Overall, the results lead to a new proposed working model for the regulatory underpinnings of human SI development, thereby adding a novel dimension to the literature that has relied almost exclusively on non-human models.
Nutrients for executive function development and related brain connectivity in school-aged children
Authors: Costello Sarah E , Geiser Eveline , Schneider Nora 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExecutive functions refer to a set of higher-order cognitive processes involved in the control and organization of information to serve goal-directed behaviors. Skills in executive functioning are developed throughout childhood and adolescence and have been shown to be predictive of academic achievement. The coordination of these complex processes is critically dependent on brain maturation and connectivity, including key neurodevelopmental processes like myelination and synaptogenesis. Among other factors, research highlights the influential effect of nutrition and diet on these neurodevelopmental processes, which may impact executive function performance in healthy and deficient populations. This review considers the research to date on the role of key nutrients that have been identified for executive function development and their underlying neurophysiological processes in school-aged children.
Pullback of the Normal Module of Ideals with Low Codimension
Authors: Miranda-Neto Cleto B 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe normal module (or sheaf) of an ideal is a celebrated object in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry. In this paper, we prove results about its pullback under the natural projection, focusing on subtle numerical invariants such as, for instance, the reduction number. For certain codimension 2 perfect ideals, we show that the pullback has reduction number two. This is of interest since the determination of this invariant in the context of modules (even for special classes) is a mostly open, difficult problem. The analytic spread is also computed. Finally, for codimension 3 Gorenstein ideals, we determine the depth of the pullback, and we also consider a broader class of ideals provided that the Auslander transpose of the conormal module is almost Cohen–Macaulay.
The functional medicine approach to atrial fibrillation: can a cure for atrial fibrillation be found in the gut?
Authors: Svinarich John Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
The importance of addressing the proximal causes of atrial fibrillation is recognized, yet frustration with the currently applied preventive measures is high. This review describes the functional medicine model (FMM), which identifies the proximal causes of atrial fibrillation at the level of gene-environment interaction.

Recent findings
The pathological processes leading to atrial fibrillation sustaining disorder have been elucidated in translational studies and are described as ‘nodal points.’ Examples are inflammation, oxidative stress, autoimmune mechanisms, and visceral adiposity. These same nodal points also cause disorder that results in atrial fibrillation-related complications and the development of atrial fibrillation-associated diseases. These nodal points vary from patient to patient and can be identified by careful evaluation of the patients clinical phenotype.

Summary
The application of the FMM identifies the gene--environment interactions that facilitate the patients nodal points and corrects them with emphasis on personalized diet, nutrition, and lifestyle changes.
Systems analysis of hematopoiesis using single-cell lineage tracing
Authors: Rodriguez-Fraticelli Alejo E. , Camargo Fernando 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
In the last few decades, revolutionary advances in next-generation sequencing have led to single-cell lineage tracing technologies that now enable researchers to identify and quantify hematopoietic cell behavior with unprecedented detail. Combined readouts of cell lineage and cell state from the same cell mitigate the need to prospectively isolate populations of interest, and allow a system-level understanding of dynamic developmental processes. We will discuss the advantages and shortcomings of these technologies, the intriguing discoveries that stemmed from lineage tracing hematopoiesis at the single-cell level and the directions toward which the field is moving.

Recent findings
Single-cell lineage tracing studies unveiled extensive functional heterogeneity within discrete immunophenotypic populations. Recently, several groups merged lineage tracing with single-cell RNA sequencing to visualize clonal relationships directly on transcriptional landscapes without the requirement for prospective isolation of cell types by FACS. To study the cell dynamics of hematopoiesis, without perturbation in their native niche, researchers have developed mouse models with endogenous single-cell lineage tracing systems, which can simultaneously trace thousands of hematopoietic progenitor cells in a single mouse, without transplantation. The emerging picture is that multiple hematopoietic hierarchies coexist within a single individual, each with distinct regulatory features. These hierarchies are imprinted during development much earlier than previously predicted, persisting well into adulthood and even after injury and transplantation.

Summary
Clone-tracking experiments allow stem-cell researchers to characterize lineage hierarchies during blood development and regeneration. Combined with single-cell genomics analyses, these studies are allowing system-level description of hematopoiesis in mice and humans. Early exploratory studies have unveiled features with important implications for human biology and disease.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COH/A21
Transient neuronal suppression for exploitation of new sensory evidence
Authors: Shinn Maxwell , Lee Daeyeol , Murray John D. , Seo Hyojung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn noisy but stationary environments, decisions should be based on the temporal integration of sequentially sampled evidence. This strategy has been supported by many behavioral studies and is qualitatively consistent with neural activity in multiple brain areas. By contrast, decision-making in the face of non-stationary sensory evidence remains poorly understood. Here, we trained monkeys to identify the dominant color of a dynamically refreshed bicolor patch that becomes informative after a variable delay. Animals' behavioral responses were briefly suppressed after evidence changes, and many neurons in the frontal eye field displayed a corresponding dip in activity at this time, similar to that frequently observed after stimulus onset. Generalized drift-diffusion models revealed consistency of behavior and neural activity with brief suppression of motor output, but not with pausing or resetting of evidence accumulation. These results suggest that momentary arrest of motor preparation is an important component of dynamic perceptual decision making.
Detection of NDM-1, VIM-1 and AIM-type metallo-beta-lactamase genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Manohar Prasanth , Joseph Aemy , Karthika B , AnuPriya Pradeep , Mani Swetha S , Varsha VS , Ramesh Nachimuthu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe distribution of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has become an increasing public health concern in India. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria isolated from the clinical samples in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 126 non-repetitive Gram-negative bacteria were taken for this study. The susceptibility to meropenem was determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by broth micro-dilution. The phenotypic resistance screening such as MHT (Modified Hodge test), EDTA disk synergy and CIM (carbapenem inactivation method) were performed. A multiplex PCR was used for the detection of carbapenemase-encoding genes. Among the 126 isolates studied, 82 (65.07%) meropenem-resistant isolates were identified by MIC. A total of 18 (21.9%) isolates were found to be positive for Metallo-β-Lactamase production through EDTA synergy test. None of the isolates were carbapenemase producer by MHT and CIM. The isolates identified with resistance genes (8/82) wereblaNDM-1in twoKlebsiellasp., twoP. aeruginosaand oneA. baumannii,blaVIM-1in oneP. aeruginosaandblaAIM-1in oneP. aeruginosaand oneA. baumannii. The study showed the distribution and increase of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in the study region. Therefore, constant monitoring and effective elimination should be focused to reduce the spread of carbapenem-resistant isolates.
Molecular basis of functional compatibility between ezrin and other actin-membrane associated proteins during cytokinesis
Authors: Yang Guang , Hiruma Shota , Kitamura Akira , Kinjo Masataka , Mishra Mithilesh , Uehara Ryota 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe mechanism that mediates the interaction between the contractile ring and the plasma membrane during cytokinesis remains elusive. We previously found that ERM (Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) proteins, which usually mediate cellular pole contraction, become over-accumulated at the cell equator and support furrow ingression upon the loss of other actin-membrane associated proteins, anillin and supervillin. In this study, we addressed the molecular basis of the semi-compatibility between ezrin and other actin-membrane associated proteins in mediating cortical contraction during cytokinesis. We found that depletion of supervillin and anillin caused over-accumulation of the membrane-associated FERM domain and actin-binding C-terminal domain (C-term) of ezrin at the cleavage furrow, respectively. This finding suggests that ezrin differentially shares its binding sites with these proteins on the actin cytoskeleton or inner membrane surface. Using chimeric mutants, we found that ezrin C-term, but not the FERM domain, can substitute for the corresponding anillin domains in cytokinesis and cell proliferation. On the other hand, either the membrane-associated or the actin/myosin-binding domains of anillin could not substitute for the corresponding ezrin domains in controlling cortical blebbing at the cell poles. Our results highlight specific designs of actin- or membrane-associated moieties of different actin-membrane associated proteins with limited compatibility, which enables them to support diverse cortical activities on the shared actin-membrane interface during cytokinesis.
Immunofocusing and enhancing autologous Tier-2 HIV-1 neutralization by displaying Env trimers on two-component protein nanoparticles
Authors: Brouwer Philip J. M. , Antanasijevic Aleksandar , de Gast Marlon , Allen Joel D. , Bijl Tom P. L. , Yasmeen Anila , Ravichandran Rashmi , Burger Judith A. , Ozorowski Gabriel , Torres Jonathan L. , LaBranche Celia , Montefiori David C. , Ringe Rajesh P. , van Gils Marit J. , Moore John P. , Klasse Per Johan , Crispin Max , King Neil P. , Ward Andrew B. , Sanders Rogier W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer is poorly immunogenic because it is covered by a dense glycan shield. As a result, recombinant Env glycoproteins generally elicit inadequate antibody levels that neutralize clinically-relevant, neutralization-resistant (Tier-2) HIV-1 strains. Multivalent antigen presentation on nanoparticles is an established strategy to increase vaccine-driven immune responses. However, due to nanoparticle instability in vivo, the display of non-native Env structures, and the inaccessibility of many neutralizing antibody (NAb) epitopes, the effects of nanoparticle display have been modest for Env trimers. Here, we generated two-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles presenting twenty SOSIP trimers of the clade C Tier-2 genotype 16055. An immunization study in rabbits demonstrated that these nanoparticles induced 60-fold higher autologous Tier-2 NAb titers than the corresponding SOSIP trimers. Epitope mapping revealed that nanoparticle presentation focused antibody responses to an immunodominant apical epitope. Thus, these nanoparticles are a promising platform to improve the immunogenicity of Env trimers with apex-proximate NAb epitopes.
Modeling the impact of single-cell stochasticity and size control on the population growth rate in asymmetrically dividing cells
Authors: Barber F. , Min J. , Murray A. W. , Amir A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicrobial populations show striking diversity in cell growth morphology and lifecycle [1]; however, our understanding of how these factors influence the growth rate of cell populations remains limited. We use theory and simulations to predict the impact of asymmetric cell division, cell size regulation and single-cell stochasticity on the population growth rate. Our model predicts that coarse-grained noise in the single-cell growth rate λ decreases the population growth rate, as previously seen for symmetrically dividing cells [2]. However, for a given noise in λ we find that dividing asymmetrically can enhance the population growth rate for cells with strong size control (between a “sizer” and an “adder”). To reconcile this finding with the abundance of symmetrically dividing organisms in nature, we propose that additional constraints on cell growth and division must be present which are not included in our model, and we explore the effects of selected extensions thereof. Further, we find that within our model, epigenetically inherited generation times may arise due to size control in asymmetrically dividing cells, providing a possible explanation for recent experimental observations in budding yeast [3]. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the complex effects generated by non-canonical growth morphologies.
An automated guided logistics robot for pallet transportation
Authors: Lin Rui , Huang Haibo , Li Maohai 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to present an automated guided logistics robot mainly designed for pallet transportation. Logistics robot is compactly designed. It could pick up the pallet precisely and transport the pallet up to 1,000 kg automatically in the warehouse. It could move freely in all directions without turning the chassis. It could work without any additional infrastructure based on laser navigation system proposed in this work.

Design/methodology/approach
Logistics robot should be able to move underneath and lift up the pallet accurately. Logistics robot mainly consists of two sub-robots, like two forks of the forklift. Each sub-robot has front and rear driving units. A new compact driving unit is compactly designed as a key component to ensure access to the narrow free entry of the pallet. Besides synchronous motions in all directions, the two sub-robots should also perform synchronous lifting up and laying down the pallet. Logistics robot uses a front laser to detect obstacles and locate itself using on-board navigation system. A rear laser is used to recognize and guide the sub-robots to pick up the pallet precisely within ± 5mm/1o in x-/yaw direction. Path planning algorithm under different constraints is proposed for logistics robot to obey the traffic rules of pallet logistics.

Findings
Compared with the traditional forklift vehicles, logistics robot has the advantages of more compact structure and higher expandability. It can realize the omnidirectional movement flexibly without turning the chassis and take zero-radius turn by controlling compact driving units synchronously. Logistics robot can move collision-free into any pallet that has not been precisely placed. It can plan the paths for returning to charge station and charge automatically. So it can work uninterruptedly for 7 × 24 h. Path planning algorithm proposed can avoid traffic congestion and improve the passability of the narrow roads to improve logistics efficiencies. Logistics robot is quite suitable for the standardized logistics factory with small working space.

Originality/value
This is a new innovation for pallet transportation vehicle to improve logistics automation.