bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickelaelektrokatalysierte, milde C‐H‐Alkylierungen bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Samanta Ramesh C. , Struwe Julia , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDirekte Alkylierungen von Carbonsäurederivaten stellen eine Herausforderung dar, und insbesondere die Nickelkatalyse erfordert häufig hohe Reaktionstemperaturen und starke Basen, was zu einer limitierten Anwendbarkeit führt. Es wurde eine nickelkatalysierte C‐H‐Aktivierung von 8‐Aminochinolinaminen bei Raumtemperatur mit einer milden Base und einem benutzerfreundlichen elektrochemischen Aufbau erreicht. Die elektrokatalysierte C‐H‐Alkylierung zeigt eine hohe Toleranz gegenüber funktionellen Gruppen und ist sowohl für primäre als auch für sekundäre Alkylierungen anwendbar. Basierend auf detaillierten mechanistischen Studien wurde ein Nickel(II/III/I)‐Katalysezyklus vorgeschlagen.
Telomere Length and Autism Spectrum Disorder Within the Family: Relationships With Cognition and Sensory Symptoms
Authors: Lewis Candace R. , Taguinod Francis , Jepsen Wayne M. , Cohen Jorey , Agrawal Komal , Huentelman Matthew J. , Smith Christopher J. , Ringenbach Shannon D.R. , Braden B. Blair 
Published: April 2020

Telomeres are repetitive noncoding deoxynucleotide sequences that cap chromosomes to protect DNA. Telomere length (TL) is affected by both genetic and environmental factors, and shortening of telomeres is associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, early life stress, and age‐related cognitive dysfunction. Two previous studies associated shorter TL with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We aimed to replicate this finding, describe TL in unaffected siblings, and explore novel relationships with symptoms and cognitive function in families with ASD. Participants were 212 male children and adolescents ages 1–17 years (86 with ASD, 57 unaffected siblings, and 69 typically developing [TD]) and 64 parents. TL was measured from blood leukocytes with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and results are expressed by relative ratios with a single copy gene. We replicated that children and adolescents with ASD have shorter TL, compared to TD, and show that unaffected siblings have TL in between those of TD and ASD. We present novel associations between TL and sensory symptoms in ASD. Finally, we demonstrate cognitive functions, but not autistic traits, are related to TL in parents of children with ASD. Cognitive function and TL were not related in children and adolescents. As the third replication, our results elicit confidence in the finding that ASD is associated with shorter TL. Our novel sensory investigation suggests that shortened TL may be a biological mechanism of sensory symptoms in ASD. Furthermore, results highlight the need to better understand relationships between cognition, aging, and TL in families with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1094‐1101. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryTelomeres cap chromosomes to protect DNA. They progressively shorten as people age and are related to health outcomes. We replicated previous findings that children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have shorter telomeres, compared to typically developing (TD), and show that unaffected siblings have telomere length (TL) in between those of TD and ASD. We find shortened TL is related to more severe sensory symptoms. This may mean families with ASD, especially those with elevated sensory symptoms, are at risk for worse age‐related health outcomes.
Einfluss von Feuchtigkeit auf die Zug‐ und Biegezugfestigkeit von UHPC
Authors: Schultz‐Cornelius Milan , Pahn Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBisherige Untersuchungen zu den Materialeigenschaften von UHPC konzentrieren sich vermehrt auf die Betondruckfestigkeit. Für unbewehrte, auf Biegung beanspruchte Bauteile wie Fassaden ist die Biegezugfestigkeit der maßgebende Bemessungsparameter. Mit Kenntnis über die Biegezugfestigkeit kann gleichzeitig die schwierig zu prüfende Zugfestigkeit ermittelt werden. Aktuelle Normengenerationen zur Prüfung der Biegezugfestigkeit orientieren sich an den Erfahrungen mit Normalbeton und ermöglichen eine Nasslagerung der Probekörper bis zur Prüfung. Dadurch sollen vergleichbare Prüfbedingungen geschaffen werden. Eigene Versuche haben gezeigt, dass die Biegezugfestigkeit von nass gelagerten Probekörpern aus UHPC um bis zu 50 % über der Festigkeit von trocken gelagerten Probekörpern liegen kann. Da eine Bemessung mit der an nass gelagerten Probekörpern ermittelten Biegezugfestigkeit erfolgen kann, die nicht den Lagerungsbedingungen von Bauteilen in der Praxis entspricht, ist dieses Phänomen Gegenstand der Untersuchungen.In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse der Biegezug‐ und Oberflächenzugprüfungen von unterschiedlich gelagerten Prismen und Platten gezeigt, um den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Feuchtigkeitszustände und Lagerungsbedingungen zu untersuchen. Anschließend werden Empfehlungen für die Materialprüfung und Bemessung abgeleitet.
A coumarin‐based fluorescent probe for Hg2+ and its application in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Li Xiwei , Duan Qingxia , Yu Yamin , Wang Kun , Zhu Hanchuang , Zhang Xue , Liu Caiyun , Jia Pan , Li Zilu , Sheng Wenlong , Zhu Baocun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMercury (Hg) is a heavy metal with high toxicity and easy migration; it can be enriched through the food chain, and cause serious threats to the natural environment and human health. So, the development of a method that can be used to detect mercury ions (Hg2+) in the environment, in cells, and in organisms is very important. Here, a new 7‐hydroxycoumarin‐derived carbonothioate‐based probe (CC‐Hg) was designed and synthesized for detection of Hg2+. After addition of Hg2+, a large fluorescence enhancement was observed due to the formation of 7‐hydroxyl, which reinforced the intramolecular charge transfer process. The CC‐Hg probe had good water solubility and selectivity. Moreover, the probe was able to detect Hg2+ quantitatively over the concentration range 0–2 μM and with a detection limit of 7.9 nM. Importantly, we successfully applied the probe to detect Hg2+ in water samples, in living cells, and in zebrafish. The experimental results demonstrated its potential value in practical applications.
Assessment of the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) framework in the USA
Authors: Pradarelli J C , Gupta A , Lipsitz S , Blair P Gabler , Sachdeva A K , Smink D S , Yule S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Surgeons' non-technical skills are important for patient safety. The Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons assessment tool was developed in the UK and recently adapted to the US surgical context (NOTSS-US). The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and distribution of non-technical skill ratings given by attending (consultant) surgeons who underwent brief online training.

Methods
Attending surgeons across six specialties at a large US academic medical centre underwent a 10-min online training, then rated 60-s standardized videos of simulated operations. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and mean(s.d.) values for NOTSS-US ratings were determined for each non-technical skill category (score range 1–5, where 1 indicates poor, 3 average and 5 excellent) and for total NOTSS-US score (range 4–20; sum of 4 category scores). Outcomes were adjusted for rater characteristics including sex, specialty and clinical experience.

Results
A total of 8889 ratings were submitted by 81 surgeon raters on 30 simulated intraoperative videos. The mean(s.d.) total NOTSS-US score for all videos was 9·5(4·8) of 20. The within-video ICC for total NOTSS-US score was 0·64 (95 per cent c.i. 0·57 to 0·70). For individual non-technical skill categories, the ICC was highest for social skills (communication/teamwork: 0·63, 95 per cent c.i. 0·56 to 0·71; leadership: 0·64, 0·55 to 0·72) and lowest for cognitive skills (situation awareness: 0·54, 0·45 to 0·62; decision-making: 0·50, 0·41 to 0·59). Women gave higher total NOTSS-US scores than men (adjusted mean difference 0·93, 95 per cent c.i. 0·44 to 1·43; P = 0·001).

Conclusion
After brief online training, the inter-rater reliability of the NOTSS-US assessment tool achieved moderate strength among trained surgeons rating simulated intraoperative videos.
Developing integrated management systems using an AHP‐Fuzzy VIKOR approach
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Zhang Qingyu , Sroufe Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntegrated management systems (IMSs) involve a strategy to manage multiple systems while meeting the needs and expectations of stakeholders. There are various management standards used for the development of IMS. This study aims to undertake research focused on how to develop an IMS. In this context, management standards, including the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI), consider alternatives and integration potential at multiple levels (i.e., strategic, tactical, and operational). We assess criteria including continuous improvement, systematic management, integration, organizational learning, standardization, and ability to cut through bureaucracy before a deeper dive into 28 subcriteria. We then use an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach to prioritize the main criteria and subcriteria. Next, we include the use of fuzzy VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (F‐VIKOR) methods to prioritize alternatives. The contributions of this study reveal that systematic management and standardization are the most influencing criteria among six guiding principles. The ISO standard and GRI are the most suitable standards for the development of dynamic IMS. This study is the first of its kind to prioritize guiding principles of IMS. The outcomes of this study will assist business managers, organizations, and policymakers in their decision making regarding management standards for IMS development as well as improve sustainable business practices. Researchers will find new IMS insights and constructs for further empirical investigation.
Oncogenic gene RGC‐32 is a direct target of miR‐26b and facilitates tongue squamous cell carcinoma aggressiveness through EMT and PI3K/AKT signalling
Authors: Yang Zhong‐Heng , Li Juan , Chen Wei‐Zhi , Kong Fan‐Shuang 
Published: April 2020

Growing data have recognized the significance of Response Gene to Complement (RGC)‐32 in numerous tumour developments. Notwithstanding, the functional role and underlying mechanism of it in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remain enigmatic. Here, to identify the impact of RGC‐32 in TSCC, its expression in multiple TSCC cells was measured and loss‐of‐function experiments in cell lines were performed to illuminate the function of it induced TSCC progression, via si‐RNA knockdown, CCK‐8, colony formation, wound‐healing, transwell, flow cytometry and western blot assays. To clarify potential mechanism, expressions of hallmarks in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and PI3K/AKT signalling were assessed, and the upstream miR regulator of RGC‐32 was predicted and verified by applying bioinformatic approaches and dual‐luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Finally, the rescue experiments were applied to better elucidate the effect of miR‐26b/RGC‐32 axis in TSCC behaviours. As a result, RGC‐32 was upregulated in TSCC cells and knocking down of it abrogated cell proliferation, trans‐migration and invasion, whilst promoted apoptosis in TSCC, which was regulated through repressing EMT and inactivation of PI3K/AKT signalling. Subsequently, miR‐26b was predicted and identified as an upstream regulator of RGC‐32, and the pro‐tumorigenic effect of RGC‐32 was reversed by miR‐26b overexpression. Collectively, our results demonstrated that RGC‐32 facilitated TSCC progression, which was modulated by activations of PI3K/AKT pathway and EMT process, and reduction of its negative regulator of miR‐26b. These findings highlight a novel role of miR‐26b/RGC‐32 axis in TSCC and underlying mechanism, encouraging a potent usage in TSCC treatment.Significance of the studyWe first uncovered that Response Gene to Complement‐32 played a significantly pro‐tumorigenic role in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), which was closely regulated by downregulation of miR‐26b and activations of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process and PI3K/AKT signalling. These findings contribute to better understand the molecular mechanism in carcinogenesis of TSCC, and shed some light on promising strategy for TSCC therapeutics.
Xenobiology: A Journey towards Parallel Life Forms
Authors: Budisa Nediljko , Kubyshkin Vladimir , Schmidt Markus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractXenobiology is the science of estranged life forms. More specifically, this is an emergent technoscience that combines advances in genetic engineering with the design of biological systems based on unusual biochemistries delivered by chemical compounds of mostly anthropogenic origin. Xenobiology enables us to create and study strange new life forms, “aliens”, not in the way science fiction books do it, but in terms of enlightened science, design, and engineering.
Spectral Unmixing‐Based Reaction Monitoring of Transformations between Nucleosides and Nucleobases
Authors: Kaspar Felix , Giessmann Robert T. , Westarp Sarah , Hellendahl Katja F. , Krausch Niels , Thiele Isabel , Walczak Miriam C. , Neubauer Peter , Wagner Anke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe increased interest in (enzymatic) transformations between nucleosides and nucleobases has demanded the development of efficient analytical tools. In this report, we present an update and extension of our recently described method for monitoring these reactions by spectral unmixing. The presented method uses differences in the UV absorption spectra of nucleosides and nucleobases after alkaline quenching to derive their ratio based on spectral shape by fitting normalized reference spectra. It is applicable to a broad compound spectrum comprising more than 35 examples, offers HPLC‐like accuracy, ease of handling and significant reductions in both cost and data acquisition time compared to other methods. This contribution details the principle of monitoring reactions by spectral unmixing, gives recommendations regarding solutions to common problems and applications that necessitate special sample treatment. We provide software, workflows and reference spectra that facilitate the straightforward and versatile application of the method.
Are Hetero‐metallapentalenes Aromatic or Not? A DFT Investigation
Authors: Zhu Qin , Lin Lu , Qiu Rulin , Zhu Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Jun Zhu at Xiamen University. The image depicts the aromaticity of hetero‐metallapentalenes with different metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Re, Os, Ir) centers and heteroatoms (B, N, and O) obtained by computational investigation. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202000148.
Effectiveness of ozonation and catalytic ozonation (iron oxide) in the degradation of sunset yellow dye
Authors: Toro Cristina Angélica T. , Dagostin João Luiz A. , de Castro Vasques Érika , Spier Michele R. , Igarashi‐Mafra Luciana , Dantas Tirzhá L. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAzo dyes present in industrial effluents represent a hurdle that regular treatments cannot overcome. In this study, the application of ozone and a catalytic (iron oxide) ozone treatment were proposed as a means of degrading aqueous sunset yellow dye. In order to understand the factors involved, a rotatable central composite design was applied using the variables time, initial dye concentration (C0), pH, ozone inlet concentration (O3), and mass of catalyst, which varied in each case. All variables were significant in colour removal. Extremes in pH, lower C0, and higher ozone concentrations are conditions that favour dye degradation. A complete colour loss occurred for certain combinations of these parameters. The application of iron oxide as a catalyst did not present a satisfactory improvement in the reaction rate. Chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon showed minimum values of 80% and 78%, respectively, for the worst experimental conditions (pH 7.0, C0 of 45 mg · L−1, and 5 g O3 · m−3), while their values were 88% and 83% for the best conditions applied. There was no immobilization of Artemia salina nauplii, even for the experimental run where the maximum concentration of dye of the set was used (45 mg dye · L−1). Ozonation is a promising alternative in the degradation of aqueous sunset yellow dye, being favoured in acidic or basic media, which is especially important since food effluents usually present low pH and show low toxicity. The mathematical model proposed can be useful in the design of wastewater treatment processes.
[18F]Flurpiridaz: Facile and Improved Precursor Synthesis for this Next‐Generation Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agent
Authors: Ahmed Hazem , Haider Achi , Gisler Livio , Schibli Roger , Gebhard Catherine , Ametamey Simon M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract[18F]Flurpiridaz is a recently developed positron emission tomography tracer that is currently being investigated in phase III clinical trials to measure myocardial blood flow. The relatively long physical half‐life of fluorine‐18 alongside the high spatial resolution and outstanding myocardium‐to‐background ratio fuels its potential to be the next gold standard for the early detection of coronary artery disease. Notwithstanding the expected widespread use of [18F]flurpiridaz, the reported multistep synthesis of its precursor for radiofluorination involves a hazardous alkylation step using carcinogenic ethylene oxide, and a low overall chemical yield of 7 %. In this work, we have improved the overall yield more than fivefold and concurrently replaced the hazardous step. Specificity of binding of [18F]flurpiridaz to mitochondrial complex 1 was demonstrated by in vitro autoradiography on mouse heart tissue sections. These results thus pave the way for assessing myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve in mouse models of cardiovascular disease.
Tunable Thiolate Coordination Networks on Metal Surfaces
Authors: Meng Xiangzhi , Kolodzeiski Elena , Huang Xing , Timmer Alexander , Schulze Lammers Bertram , Gao Hong‐Ying , Mönig Harry , Liu Lacheng , Xu Wei , Amirjalayer Saeed , Zhu Daoben , Fuchs Harald 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThiolate coordination networks (TCNs) were synthesized on metal surfaces using benzenehexathiol (BHT) and analyzed by cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as density functional theory. Upon adsorption, the deprotonation of the thiol groups occurred on the metal surface with the formation of metal‐sulfur coordination bonds. Increasing the surface temperature triggered the complete dehydrogenation of BHT and promoted the formation of TCNs. On Ag(111), the TCN of [Ag3(C6S6)]n was achieved and showed good thermal stability. On Cu(111), two TCNs ([Cu6(C6S6)]n and [Cu8(C6S6)]n,) were identified. Interestingly, the construction of the two TCNs on Cu(111) can be precisely controlled by adjusting the temperature of the surface during deposition and thermal annealing. Our results reveal the significant influence of the metal surface on the formation of coordination networks.
Inverter‐based voltage‐controlled and programmable comparators
Authors: Sharroush Sherif M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractComparators are very important circuits that can be found in a variety of applications, especially comparators whose reference level can be controlled. In this paper, a voltage‐controlled comparator whose reference voltage is controlled by a control voltage and a programmable comparator whose reference voltage is controlled by an input bit pattern are presented. These two comparators are analyzed quantitatively. The performance of the two proposed comparators is verified by simulation using the Berkeley predictive‐technology models (BPTM) of the 45‐, 32‐, 22‐, and 16‐nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies with power‐supply voltages, VDD, of 1, 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7 V, respectively. The proposed controlled comparator is compared with the conventional latch‐type comparator from the points of view of the response time, the output amplitude, and the power consumption.
Root‐zone soil moisture variability across African savannas: From pulsed rainfall to land‐cover switches
Authors: Räsänen Matti , Merbold Lutz , Vakkari Ville , Aurela Mika , Laakso Lauri , Beukes J. Paul , Van Zyl Pieter G. , Josipovic Miroslav , Feig Gregor , Pellikka Petri , Rinne Janne , Katul Gabriel G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe main source of soil moisture variability in savanna ecosystems is pulsed rainfall. Rainfall pulsing impacts water‐stress durations, soil moisture switching between wet‐to‐dry and dry‐to‐wet states, and soil moisture spectra as well as derived measures from it such as soil moisture memory. Rainfall pulsing is also responsible for rapid changes in grassland leaf area and concomitant changes in evapotranspirational (ET) losses, which then impact soil moisture variability. With the use of a hierarchy of models and soil moisture measurements, temporal variability in root‐zone soil moisture and water‐stress periods are analysed at four African sites ranging from grass to miombo savannas. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and potential ET (PET)‐adjusted ET model predict memory timescale and dry persistence in agreement with measurements. The model comparisons demonstrate that dry persistence and mean annual dry periods must account for seasonal and interannual changes in maximum ET represented by NDVI and to a lesser extent PET. Interestingly, the precipitation intensity and soil moisture memory were linearly related across three savannas with ET/infiltration ∼ 1.0. This relation and the variability of length and timing of dry periods are also discussed.
Metal Element Detection and Carcinogenicity Risk Assessment of PM2.5 Samples
Authors: Qin Shuangjian , Li Boru , Wang Xun , Huang Haiyan , Zeng Ming , Xiao Fang , Xu Xinyun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to conduct metal element analysis and carcinogenicity risk assessment of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter &lt;2.5 μm (PM2.5) from Shenzhen and Taiyuan. Samples of PM2.5 were collected in Shenzhen and Taiyuan during the yeas 2017 and 2018. Ten heavy metal elements were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Health risk was assessed using the recommended US Environmental Protection Agency model. Metal elements found in PM2.5 samples from Shenzhen included (in decreasing order of concentration) Al, Pb, Mn, Cr, Cu, V, As, Ni, Cd, and Co. Metal elements found in Taiyuan included (in decreasing order of concentration) Al, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Ni, V, Cd, and Co. There were significant differences in Pb, Mn, Al, As, and Ni levels between Shenzhen and Taiyuan (p &lt; 0.05); but the remaining element levels did not show significant differences between the 2 cities. Risk-assessment data showed higher total risk from 5 carcinogenic metal elements in Taiyuan (3.79 × 10−4) compared to Shenzhen (2.44 × 10−4): Cr had the highest carcinogenicity risk (&gt;10−4), followed by As, Ni, and Cd (10−6 ~ 10−4), and Pb had the lowest risk (&lt;10−6). The results indicated that some of the metal elements in PM2.5 samples from Shenzhen and Taiyuan pose a carcinogenicity risk; further research and measures for prevention and control should be considered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1273–1276. © 2020 SETAC