bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the determinants of seafood consumption
Authors: Govzman S. , Looby S. , Wang X. , Butler F. , Gibney E. R. , Timon C. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough seafood is considered to be an important part of a balanced diet, many national food consumption surveys suggest that seafood is not consumed in sufficient amounts. As consumers are moving to diversify their diet from animal-based protein, it is important to understand the factors influencing consumption of marine foods. This review aims to assess the characteristics of seafood consumers as well as the influences on seafood consumption in Europe, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Systematic search strategies were used to identify relevant journal articles from three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase). Three searches were carried out and identified 4405 unique publications from which 121 met the criteria for the review process. The reviewed studies revealed that seafood consumers were more likely to be older, more affluent and more physically active and were less likely to smoke compared with non-seafood consumers. Sex and BMI did not appear to have a directional association with seafood consumption. The most commonly reported barriers to seafood consumption were cost, followed by sensory or physical barriers, health and nutritional beliefs, habits, availability and cooking skills. The most commonly reported influences were beliefs about the contribution of seafood to health, environmental influences and personal preferences. Based on the findings of this review, future intervention strategies to increase seafood consumption may need to consider affordability and education in terms of health, nutrition and cooking skills. More research is needed to explore the effectiveness of specific interventions at increasing the consumption of seafood.
Big particles, best nutrition? Absorption and excretion of protein by Anastrepha obliqua larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Rincón-Betancurt Olivia , Aceituno-Medina Marysol , García-Fajardo Luz Verónica , Hernández Emilio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor purposes of mass-rearing fruit flies, nutrient intake through artificial diets is a challenge, artificial food content and processing should promote sufficient absorption and availability to ensure fly fitness. Bulking agents play an essential role in creating a quality diet, but its physical characteristics, such as particle size, may establish a better microenvironment for feeding and development. Currently, there is a lack of information about protein metabolism in mass-reared fruit flies. Therefore, we evaluated whether the particle size of the bulking agent affects the absorption and excretion of the proteins, as well as their effect on the life-history traits of Anastrepha obliqua. We determined the protein content of hemolymph and feces, as well as the presence of nitrogen end-products as indicators of their level of absorption in a diet elaborated with coarse and fine corn cob particles as a bulking agent. The bromatological composition showed that coarse particles increased the bioavailability and content of crude, digestible, and soluble protein for the diet and hemolymph protein of larvae alike. We found an inverse relationship between the protein content of the hemolymph and feces of the larvae. Ammonium was determined to be a product of the catabolism of proteins. Also, A. obliqua improved its development (yield and pupal weight) and fitness (adult emergence and flight ability) when larvae were reared on a coarse particle diet. In conclusion, a diet elaborated with a coarse bulking agent features increased protein bioavailability and nutritional quality, which, in turn, increases the life-history traits of A. obliqua.
Palaeobiology of the reclining rangeomorph Beothukis from the Ediacaran Mistaken Point Formation of southeastern Newfoundland
Authors: McIlroy Duncan , Hawco Jessica , McKean Christopher , Nicholls Robert , Pasinetti Giovanni , Taylor Rod 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBeothukis mistakensis from the Ediacaran System of Newfoundland, Canada demonstrates complex fractal-like morphology through the development of primary-, secondary- and tertiary-order Rangea-like units. The primary-order rangeomorph units observed in B. mistakensis are tightly juxtaposed, show no evidence of being independent of one another and are made up of chamber-like secondary-order – probably mesoglea-filled – units. The growth of these rangeomorph units demonstrates that the frond developed from the tip towards the basal region through ontogeny. The tertiary-order units of Beothukis are considered to represent surface morphology on the secondary-order units. This is in contrast to palaeobiological reconstructions of Beothukis that invoke three-dimensional fractal-like branches with independent units, which has been used to infer an osmotrophic mode of life. It is considered here that the fractal-like morphology of the lower surface of B. mistakensis was an adaptation to increase surface area to volume ratio. The quilted morphology of Beothukis proposed here is consistent with a sessile, reclining, phagocytotic and/or chemosymbiotic mode of life similar to that invoked for the reclining rangeomorph Fractofusus.
What vocabulary size tells us about pronunciation skills: Issues in assessing L2 learners
Authors: Mairano Paolo , Santiago Fabian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeasures of second language (L2) learners’ vocabulary size have been shown to correlate with language proficiency in reading, writing and listening skills, and vocabulary tests are sometimes used for placement purposes. However, the relation between learners’ vocabulary knowledge and their speaking skills has been less thoroughly investigated, and even less so in terms of pronunciation. In this article, we compare vocabulary and pronunciation measures for 25 Italian instructed learners of L2 French. We measure their receptive (Dialang score) and productive (vocd-D, MTLD) vocabulary size, and calculate the following pronunciation indices: acoustic distance and overlap of realizations for selected L2 French vowel pairs, ratings of nasality forratings of foreign-accentedness, fluency metrics. We find that vocabulary measures show low to medium correlations with fluency metrics and ratings of foreign-accentedness, but not with vowel metrics. We then turn our attention to the impact of research methods on the study of vocabulary and pronunciation. More specifically, we discuss the possibility that these results are due to pitfalls in vocabulary and pronunciation indices, such as the failure of Dialang to take into account the effect of L1-L2 cognates, and the lack of measures for evaluating consonants, intonation and perception skills.
Introduction
Authors: Edmonds Amanda , Leclercq Pascale 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis special issue of the Journal of French Language Studies participates in the ‘methodological turn’ (Byrnes, 2013) in the field of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), by presenting five original articles that focus on different methodological issues in studies on various aspects of the acquisition of French as an additional language. We highlight the contributions of the five articles and situate them within the larger discussion on research methodology. We end by arguing for the need for additional attention to methodology in SLA.
Solar activity influences on planetary atmosphere evolution: Lessons from observations at Venus, Earth, and Mars
Authors: Luhmann J. G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Pioneer Venus and Venus Express missions, and the Mars Express and MAVEN missions, along with numerous Earth orbiters carrying space physics and aeronomy instruments, have utilized the increasing availability of space weather observations to provide better insight into the impacts of present-day solar activity on the atmospheres of terrestrial planets. Of most interest among these are the responses leading to escape of either ion or neutral constituents, potentially altering both the total atmospheric reservoirs and their composition. While debates continue regarding the role(s) of a planetary magnetic field in either decreasing or increasing these escape rates, observations have shown that enhancements can occur in both situations in response to solar activity-related changes. These generally involve increased energy inputs to the upper atmospheres, increases in ion production, and/or increases in escape channels, e.g. via interplanetary field penetration or planetary field ‘opening’. Problems arise when extrapolations of former loss rates are needed. While it is probably safe to suggest lower limits based simply on planet age multiplied by currently measured ion and neutral escape rates, the evolution of the Sun, including its activity, must be folded into these estimations. Poor knowledge of the history of solar activity, especially in terms of coronal mass ejections and solar wind properties, greatly compounds the uncertainties in related planetary atmosphere evolution calculations. Prospects for constraining their influences will depend on our ability to do a better job of solar activity history reconstruction.
TESS light curves of low-mass detached eclipsing binaries
Authors: Hełminiak Krzysztof G. , Jordán Andrés , Espinoza Nestor , Brahm Rafael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present high-precision light curves of several M- and K-type, active detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs), recorded with 2-minute cadence by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Analysis of these curves, combined with new and literature radial velocity (RV) data, allows to vastly improve the accuracy and precision of stellar parameters with respect to previous studies of these systems. Results for one previously unpublished DEB are also presented.
The rotation of low mass stars at 30 Myr in the cluster NGC 3766
Authors: Roquette Julia , Bouvier Jerome , Moraux Estelle , Bouy Herve , Irwin Jonathan , Aigrain Suzanne , Lachaume Régis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTogether with the stellar rotation, the spotted surfaces of low-mass magnetically active stars produce modulations in their brightness. These modulations can be resolved by photometric variability surveys, allowing direct measurements of stellar spin rates. In this proceedings, we present results of a multisite photometric survey dedicated to the measurement of spin rates in the 30 Myr cluster NGC 3766. Inside the framework of the Monitor Project, the cluster was monitored during 2014 in the i-band by the Wide Field Imager at the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope. Data from Gaia-DR2 and grizY photometry from DECam/CTIO were used to identify cluster members. We present spin rates measured for ⁓200 cluster members.
Possible evidence for a magnetic dynamo in hot Algols
Authors: Mennickent R. E. , Garcés J. , Djurašević G. , Rojas G. , Schleicher D. , Otero S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present the case of hot semi-detached Algols showing photometric cycles longer than the orbital period. The evidence indicating that this long cycle might be due to a magnetic dynamo operating in the rapidly rotating donor star is examined.
Different types of star-planet interactions
Authors: Vidotto A. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStars and their exoplanets evolve together. Depending on the physical characteristics of these systems, such as age, orbital distance and activity of the host stars, certain types of star-exoplanet interactions can dominate during given phases of the evolution. Identifying observable signatures of such interactions can provide additional avenues for characterising exoplanetary systems. Here, I review some recent works on star-planet interactions and discuss their observability at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum.
On the multifractality of plasma turbulence in the solar wind
Authors: Echeverría Sebastián , Moya Pablo S. , Pastén Denisse 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work we have analyzed turbulent plasma in the kinetic scale by the characterization of magnetic fluctuations time series. Considering numerical Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations we apply a method known as MultiFractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) to study the fluctuations of solar-wind-like plasmas in thermodynamic equilibrium (represented by Maxwellian velocity distribution functions), and out of equilibrium plasma represented by Tsallis velocity distribution functions, characterized by the kappa (κ) parameter, to stablish relations between the fractality of magnetic fluctuation and the kappa parameter.
Solar Open Magnetic Flux Migration Pattern over Solar Cycles
Authors: Lin Chia-Hsien , Huang Guan-Han , Lee Lou-Chuang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the solar-cycle variation of the areas of solar open magnetic flux regions at different latitudes. The data used in this study are the radial-field synoptic maps from Wilcox Solar Observatory from May 1970 to December 2014, which covers 3.5 solar cycles. Our results reveal a pole-to-pole trans-equatorial migration pattern for both inward and outward open magnetic fluxes. The pattern consists of the open flux regions migrating across the equator, the regions generated at low latitude and migrating poleward, and the regions locally generated at polar regions. The results also indicate the destruction of open flux regions during the migration from pole to equator, and at low latitude regions. The results have been published in Scientific Reports (Huang et al.2017)
Helioseismic insights into the generation and evolution of the Sun’s internal magnetic field
Authors: Broomhall Anne-Marie , Kiefer René 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProperties of helioseismic acoustic oscillations (p modes) are modified by flows and magnetic fields in the solar interior, with frequencies, amplitudes and damping rates all varying systematically through the solar cycle. Crucially, now, we have a long enough baseline of helioseismic data to compare of the different activity cycles. We review recent efforts along these lines, from the impact of near-surface magnetic fields on p-mode frequencies to the evolution of the torsional oscillation and meridional circulation. We show that each activity cycle for which we have helioseismic data is slightly different in terms of the relationship between p mode frequencies and atmospheric proxies of activity, and in terms of the rotation and meridional circulation flows. However, many challenges remain, crucially including our ability to constrain flows and magnetic fields in the deep solar interior.
Searching for the cycle period in chromospherically active stars
Authors: Villegas F. , Mennickent R. E. , Garcés J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe detection and analysis of line emission of the CaII, H(396.8nm) and K(393.3nm) have confirmed the chromospheric activity of some single and binaries stars. This activity is associated to the presence of magnetic fields which in turn are produced by internal convective flows along with stellar rotation producing a long-term photometric cycle length related to the apparition and vanishing of superficial stellar spots. We present a photometric study of stars of the type RS CVn, Rotationally variable Star and BY Dra, that have shown evidence of chromospheric activity. The analysis of these measurements has allowed us to delimit periods of rotation. In addition, we have detected and measured the cycle length in some cases. It allows us to complement previous investigations and in some cases to determine for the first time the presence of a long photometric cycle, contributing to complement the link between rotation and magnetic cycles.
Changes in Global and Regional Characteristics of Heat Stress Waves in the 21st Century
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Ning , Liu Jiawei , Zhang Zhengtao , Liu Yuan , Huang Chengfang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), a combined measure of temperature and humidity effects on thermal comfort, is used to define heat stress waves (HSWs). While emerging research has raised concerns on future changes in heat stress, for the first time, this study examines spatiotemporal changes in multiple HSW characteristics (intensity, duration, frequency, and cumulative mean intensity) in the 21st century under three emissions scenarios. It is the sustained nature of HSWs that impose more adverse impacts than extreme heat on a single day. HSWs are expected to be more intense, persistent, frequent, and influential due to anthropogenic influence. Models project the largest increases in multiple HSW characteristics will occur over the tropics and subtropics. The exception is maximum intensity, which displays a relative uniform increase over most global land areas. Analysis of regional population exposure to HSWs under different climate and socioeconomic scenarios emphasizes the importance of aggressive mitigation to minimize the potential impacts of HSWs. We further investigate how different regional HSW characteristics are projected to change relative to increasing global mean surface temperature (GMST). Our results confirm the varying rates and different trajectories at which regional HSWs change, independent of forcing pathway, strongly related to GMST. On both globally aggregated and regional scales, the maximum intensity and GMST are highly linearly associated, with an approximately 1:1 increase. However, the other three HSW characteristics are projected to change at a nonlinear rate per degree of GMST increase in general and display large regional variation in the rates of their changes.
Poleward Shift of Northern Subtropics in Winter: Time of Emergence of Zonal Versus Regional Signals
Authors: D'Agostino Roberta , Scambiati Ascanio Luigi , Jungclaus Johann , Lionello Piero 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Northern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes will be exposed to hydroclimatic risk in next coming decades because the subtropical expansion. However, it is not clear when the anthropogenic signal will emerge from the internal climate variability. For this purpose, we investigate the time of emergence (ToE) of the hemispheric and regional shift of northern subtropical margins in the Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble. For several indicators, the ToE of the poleward shift of Northern subtropical margin will not occur by the end of the 21st century, neither at regional nor at hemispheric scale. The exceptions are the Mediterranean/Middle East and, to a lesser degree, Western Pacific, where the ToE would occur earlier. According to our results, given the fundamental role played by internal variability, trends of Northern Hemisphere subtropical poleward shift that have been identified over last decades in reanalyses cannot be considered as robust signals of anthropogenic climate change.
Elastic Moduli of Arenites From Microtomographic Images: A Practical Digital Rock Physics Workflow
Authors: Liang Jiabin , Gurevich Boris , Lebedev Maxim , Vialle Stephanie , Yurikov Alexey , Glubokovskikh Stanislav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNumerical computation from high‐resolution 3‐D microtomographic images of rocks (known as digital rock physics) has the potential to predict elastic properties more accurately. However, successful examples are limited to samples with simple structure and mineralogy. The physical size of sample is often too small to present heterogeneities at a larger scale and the image resolution is insufficient to characterize the details of rocks. Also, the grayscale values of different minerals in microtomographic images are often similar, and previous attempts to segment them as separate phases are not very successful. Here, we propose a practical digital rock physics workflow for somewhat more complex and ubiquitous rocks, namely, sandstones that contain mostly quartz and a small fraction of dispersed clay (known as arenites). Based on a set of images, we obtain a suite of postcomputation corrections to compensate for the effects of sample size and resolution of the microtomographic images. Furthermore, we build a segmentation workflow that effectively detects feldspar and clay minerals, despite their grayscale similarity to quartz. A moduli‐porosity trend is derived from the subsamples of the original digital images. Bulk moduli agree well with the ultrasonic measurements on the dry samples at 40 MPa. Shear moduli remain overestimated, which is likely caused by poor knowledge of the mineral stiffness. We compensate for this effect using a heuristic correction to the matrix moduli. The final version of the workflow provides accurate elastic moduli trends with porosity and clay content based on only two samples of Bentheimer sandstone.
A Curvature‐Based Method for Measuring Valley Width Applied to Glacial and Fluvial Landscapes
Authors: Hilley G. E. , Baden C. W. , Dobbs S. C. , Plante Z. , Sare R. , Steelquist A. T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractValleys produced by glaciers are morphologically distinct from those created by rivers, but these differences are surprisingly difficult to automatically detect using digital topographic data. This contribution tests whether glacial and fluvial valleys can be discriminated using scaling between watershed area and valley width. We present a method for estimating valley width at each point in digital topographic data by determining the cross‐valley scale at which normalized principal curvature is minimized. We assess how well this approach measures valley width in synthetic valleys using artificial valley cross sections with random topographic noise. These width estimates are validated against manual measurements in glacial and fluvial valleys. Finally, we assess the sensitivity of these quantities to the pixel dimension of the input data to determine the detection limits of the method for moderate (20 m) and coarse‐resolution (>30 m) digital elevation models (DEMs). We find that valley widths are underpredicted by a factor of 2.5 to 4; nonetheless, they are well correlated with both synthetically prescribed and empirically measured widths and so can be used as reliable measures of valley width when scaled to account for this underprediction. We find clear distinctions between valley width‐catchment area relationships in glacial and nonglacial valleys, indicating that this methodology might be deployed globally to characterize the distribution and extent of glacial landscapes across Earth. In addition, this technique could be used to determine anomalous downstream width changes related to processes such as valley aggradation.
An Overview of Antarctic Sea Ice in the Community Earth System Model Version 2, Part I: Analysis of the Seasonal Cycle in the Context of Sea Ice Thermodynamics and Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean‐Ice Processes
Authors: Singh Hansi K. A. , Landrum Laura , Holland Marika M. , Bailey David A. , DuVivier Alice K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe assess Antarctic sea ice climatology and variability in version 2 of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and compare it to that in the older CESM1 and (where appropriate) real‐world observations. In CESM2, Antarctic sea ice is thinner and less extensive than in CESM1, though sea ice area is still approximately 1 million km2 greater in CESM2 than in present‐day observations. Though there is less Antarctic sea ice in CESM2, the annual cycle of ice growth and melt is more vigorous in CESM2 than in CESM1. A new mushy layer thermodynamics formulation implemented in the latest version of the Community Ice Code (CICE) in CESM2 accounts for both greater frazil ice formation in coastal polynyas and more snow‐to‐ice conversion near the edge of the ice pack in the new model. Greater winter ice divergence in CESM2 (relative to CESM1) is due to stronger stationary wave activity and greater wind stress curl over the ice pack. Greater wind stress curl, in turn, drives more warm water upwelling under the ice pack, thinning it and decreasing its extent. Overall, differences between Antarctic sea ice in CESM2 and CESM1 arise due to both differences in their sea ice thermodynamics formulations and differences in their coupled atmosphere‐ocean states.