bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Accumulation of Leaf Litter in Forest Edges on Residential Properties via Leaf Blowing Is Associated with Increased Numbers of Host-Seeking Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs
Authors: Jordan Robert A , Schulze Terry L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examined whether routine fall yard maintenance, specifically depositing leaves removed from lawns and landscaping along forest margins, may increase densities of nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) ticks within these managed areas. Leaf blowing activities in fall 2017 and 2018 on residential properties in New Jersey, United States, significantly increased leaf litter depth in managed edge areas (range = 259.8–352.8 mm) compared to unmanaged edges (77.6–188.0 mm) and adjacent forest (39.4–166.2 mm). Drag sampling conducted on 20 and 30 dates in spring 2018 and 2019, respectively, yielded ≥3-fold more I. scapularis nymphs in managed edge plots compared to natural edge and forest plots in both years. In 2018, we collected more A. americanum nymphs from forest plots than from either natural or managed edge plots, but 2019 natural edge plots yielded the greatest number of the ticks. Nearly half of A. americanum adults were collected in forest plots in both years. Our data suggest that the acarological risk of human encounters with I. scapularis nymphs may be significantly greater in areas receiving an accumulation of leaves from leaf blowing or raking compared to adjacent unmanaged forest edges. This artificially elevated acarological risk can be mitigated if homeowners avail themselves of curbside leaf pickup or composting services offered by many municipalities or request that lawn/landscaping contractors remove collected leaves offsite, or at least to areas of less frequent use, rather than concentrating them along the lawn-forest edge.
Temporal Trend ofAedes albopictusin Local Urban Parks of the Republic of Korea
Authors: Hwang Myung-Jae , Kim Jong-Hun , Kim Heung-Chul , Kim Myung Soon , Klein Terry A , Choi Juhwa , Sim Kisung , Chung Yeonseung , Joshi Yadav Prasad , Cheong Hae-Kwan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAedes albopictus (Skuse) was first reported in the Republic of Korea in 1941 (Suwon, Gyeonggi Province). Recently, a mosquito-monitoring program was established in response to the potential development of autochthonous infections of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, to identify the regional characteristics of Ae. albopictus in Suwon. Daily collections of adult mosquitoes were conducted using Blackhole UV-LED traps and BG-Sentinel traps baited with octenol, carbon dioxide or both at five sites in Suwon (Sungkyunkwan University, Manseok, Seoho, Olympic, and Jungang parks) from 1 July to 1 November 2016. Based on the ecological cycle of mosquitoes, an estimated association between the daily mean temperatures [2 wk prior to the collection date (lag 2 wk)] and relative population abundance were developed using a generalized linear model. The overall proportion of female mosquitoes collected from all traps was 88.3%. Higher female trap indices were observed for mosquitoes collected at BG-Sentinel traps. Additionally, the BG-sentinel trap was more effective collecting Ae. albopictus. Culex pipiens (Coquillett) was the most frequently collected mosquito using UV-LED traps, followed by Ae. vexans nipponii (Theobald), Ochlerotatus koreicus (Edwards), Cx. inatomi (Kamimura and Wada), and members of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group. Within a certain temperature range, daily mean temperatures 2 wk prior to the collection period was significantly associated with a maximum abundance of Ae. albopictus (P &lt; 0.05) at 26.2°C (95% confidence interval: 24.3–29.4°C). The BG-Sentinel trap is an effective trap for monitoring relative population abundance of Ae. albopictus, and trap catches are significantly correlated with daily mean temperatures.
Does social cohesion solve forced migration riddles? Troubled concepts and constrained practices in Turkey
Authors: Özçürümez Saime , Hoxha Julinda , İçduygu Ahmet 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmid the epistemic divide about what social cohesion means as a foundational concept, the pursuit of social integration as a policy objective is more desirable than ever among policy makers. While scholarly debates seek to restore conceptual clarity for social cohesion and social integration separately, referring to them interchangeably in policy reports seems to go conveniently unnoticed across different migration contexts. This study seeks answers to the question: how does the concept of social cohesion manifest itself in forced migration contexts? It does so by first reviewing the state of the art on social cohesion-forced migration nexus to identify the recurring themes and substitute concepts in the literature. Secondly, based on an in-depth textual analysis of 327 scholarly articles and policy reports on the forcibly displaced theme in Turkey published between 2011 and 2018, this study presents a classification of conceptual frames on social cohesion in forced migration contexts as security threat-based, humanitarian emergency-driven, policy regime-oriented, and socio-interactional. One of the main findings is that the existing social cohesion models of the settlement countries do not explain what has been unfolding in Turkey in the post-2011 period with the mass influx of the forcibly displaced and ongoing conflict at its borders. The study concludes with a discussion on why integrating policy regime-oriented and socio-interactional approaches are more likely to advance both the quest for conceptual clarity around social cohesion and facilitate the design of actionable policies in protracted large-scale displacement contexts.
ART2: a 3D parallel multiwavelength radiative transfer code for continuum and atomic and molecular lines
Authors: Li Yuexing , Gu Ming F , Yajima Hidenobu , Zhu Qirong , Maji Moupiya 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
ART2 is a 3D multiwavelength Monte Carlo radiative transfer (RT) code that couples continuum and emission lines to track the propagation of photons and their interactions with the interstellar medium (ISM). The original ART2 has been extensively applied to hydrodynamics simulations to study panchromatic properties of galaxies and ISM. Here, we describe new implementations of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium RT of molecular and atomic fine structure emission lines, and the parallelization of the code using a number of novel methods. The new ART2 can efficiently and self-consistently produce a full spectrum that includes both continuum and lines such as [C ii], [N ii], [O iii], Ly α, and CO. These essential features, together with the multiphase ISM model and the adaptive grid, make ART2 a multipurpose code to study multiwavelength properties of a wide range of astrophysical systems from planetary discs to large-scale structures. To demonstrate the capability of the new ART2, we applied it to two hydrodynamics simulations: the zoom-in Milky Way Simulation to obtain panchromatic properties of individual galaxies, and the large-scale IllustrisTNG100 Simulation to obtain global properties such as the line intensity mappings. These products are vital for a broad array of studies. By enabling direct comparison between numerical simulations and multiband observations, ART2 provides a crucial theoretical framework for the understanding of existing and future surveys, and the synergy between multiband galaxy surveys and line intensity mappings. Therefore, ART2 is a powerful and versatile tool to bridge the gap between theories and observations of cosmic structures.
Unmatched Level of Molecular Convergence among Deeply Divergent Complex Multicellular Fungi
Authors: Merényi Zsolt , Prasanna Arun N , Wang Zheng , Kovács Károly , Hegedüs Botond , Bálint Balázs , Papp Balázs , Townsend Jeffrey P , Nagy László G 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConvergent evolution is pervasive in nature, but it is poorly understood how various constraints and natural selection limit the diversity of evolvable phenotypes. Here, we analyze the transcriptome across fruiting body development to understand the independent evolution of complex multicellularity in the two largest clades of fungi—the Agarico- and Pezizomycotina. Despite &gt;650 My of divergence between these clades, we find that very similar sets of genes have convergently been co-opted for complex multicellularity, followed by expansions of their gene families by duplications. Over 82% of shared multicellularity-related gene families were expanding in both clades, indicating a high prevalence of convergence also at the gene family level. This convergence is coupled with a rich inferred repertoire of multicellularity-related genes in the most recent common ancestor of the Agarico- and Pezizomycotina, consistent with the hypothesis that the coding capacity of ancestral fungal genomes might have promoted the repeated evolution of complex multicellularity. We interpret this repertoire as an indication of evolutionary predisposition of fungal ancestors for evolving complex multicellular fruiting bodies. Our work suggests that evolutionary convergence may happen not only when organisms are closely related or are under similar selection pressures, but also when ancestral genomic repertoires render certain evolutionary trajectories more likely than others, even across large phylogenetic distances.
Efficient routing quantum information in one-dimensional tight-binding array
Authors: Chen Bing , He Yu-Zhen , Chu Tian-Tian , Shen Qing-Hui , Zhang Jia-Ming , Peng Yan-Dong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present an efficient quantum router using a fully-engineered one-dimensional tight-binding array acting as quantum data bus. Quantum routing is achieved by weakly coupling the sender and the receivers to the data bus. We show that perfect transfer of a state between sender and a chosen receiver can be achieved via appropriately tuning the on-site energy applied on the site of the sender. A generalization of this model to the case of multiple receivers is then studied. The results show that the state is equally split between receivers who participate in communication. Moreover, that a similar idea can be used to create $W$ state between all receivers is further emphasized.
Ethnicity-Dependent Effects of Schizophrenia Risk Variants of the OLIG2 Gene on OLIG2 Transcription and White Matter Integrity
Authors: Komatsu Hiroshi , Takeuchi Hikaru , Kikuchi Yoshie , Ono Chiaki , Yu Zhiqian , Iizuka Kunio , Takano Yuji , Kakuto Yoshihisa , Funakoshi Shunichi , Ono Takashi , Ito Junko , Kunii Yasuto , Hino Mizuki , Nagaoka Atsuko , Iwasaki Yasushi , Yamamori Hidenaga , Yasuda Yuka , Fujimoto Michiko , Azechi Hirotsugu , Kudo Noriko , Hashimoto Ryota , Yabe Hirooki , Yoshida Mari , Saito Yuko , Kakita Akiyoshi , Fuse Nobuo , Kawashima Ryuta , Taki Yasuyuki , Tomita Hiroaki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Previous studies have indicated associations between several OLIG2 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to schizophrenia among Caucasians. Consistent with these findings, postmortem brain and diffusion tensor imaging studies have indicated that the schizophrenia-risk-associated allele (A) in the OLIG2 SNP rs1059004 predicts lower OLIG2 gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia patients and reduced white matter (WM) integrity of the corona radiata in normal brains among Caucasians. In an effort to replicate the association between this variant and WM integrity among healthy Japanese, we found that the number of A alleles was positively correlated with WM integrity in some fiber tracts, including the right posterior limb of the internal capsule, and with mean blood flow in a widespread area, including the inferior frontal operculum, orbital area, and triangular gyrus. Because the A allele affected WM integrity in opposite directions in Japanese and Caucasians, we investigated a possible association between the OLIG2 gene SNPs and the expression level of OLIG2 transcripts in postmortem DLPFCs. We evaluated rs1059004 and additional SNPs in the 5′ upstream and 3′ downstream regions of rs1059004 to cover the broader region of the OLIG2 gene. The 2 SNPs (rs1059004 and rs9653711) had opposite effects on OLIG2 gene expression in the DLPFC in Japanese and Caucasians. These findings suggest ethnicity-dependent opposite effects of OLIG2 gene SNPs on WM integrity and OLIG2 gene expression in the brain, which may partially explain the failures in replicating associations between genetic variants and psychiatric phenotypes among ethnicities.
Policing, Recognition, and the Bind of Legal Cynicism
Authors: Campeau Holly , Levi Ron , Foglesong Todd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe draw on a unique dataset of 60 semi-structured interviews with recently arrested suspects in Cleveland, Ohio, a city currently under federal consent decree due to police use of excessive force. Through these interviews we shed light on an apparent paradox in research to date—that residents of disadvantaged communities are deeply skeptical about policing, while still believing that the police remain a viable institution for seeking security in their communities. By connecting research on legal cynicism with insights from cultural sociology and the sociology of law, we find that respondents make meaning of this apparent paradox – and the resulting bind in which they find themselves – by stressing the promise of law that underwrites a transformative potential of policing. Through these ideals of legality, residents aspire to material and symbolic forms of recognition from law enforcement, ranging from police presence and safety, to expressions of understanding and feelings of worth. We propose that this desire for broad recognition is central to how suspects make sense of their reliance on police, and we suggest further research into how this struggle for recognition provides a cultural approach for understanding social inequality and its intersection with legality and criminal justice.
Death is on Our Side: Paleontological Data Drastically Modify Phylogenetic Hypotheses
Authors: Koch Nicolás Mongiardino , Parry Luke A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Fossils are the only remaining evidence of the majority of species that have ever existed, providing a direct window into events in evolutionary history that shaped the diversification of life on Earth. Phylogenies underpin our ability to make sense of evolution but are routinely inferred using only data available from living organisms. Although extinct taxa have been shown to add crucial information for inferring macroevolutionary patterns and processes (such as ancestral states, paleobiogeography and diversification dynamics), the role fossils play in reconstructing phylogeny is controversial. Since the early years of phylogenetic systematics, different studies have dismissed the impact of fossils due to their incompleteness, championed their ability to overturn phylogenetic hypotheses or concluded that their behavior is indistinguishable from that of extant taxa. Based on taxon addition experiments on empirical data matrices, we show that the inclusion of paleontological data has a remarkable effect in phylogenetic inference. Incorporating fossils often (yet not always) induces stronger topological changes than increasing sampling of extant taxa. Fossils also produce unique topological rearrangements, allowing the exploration of regions of treespace that are never visited by analyses of only extant taxa. Previous studies have proposed a suite of explanations for the topological behavior of fossils, such as their retention of unique morphologies or their ability to break long branches. We develop predictive models that demonstrate that the possession of distinctive character state combinations is the primary predictor of the degree of induced topological change, and that the relative impact of taxa (fossil and extant) can be predicted to some extent before any phylogenetic analysis. Our results bolster the consensus of recent empirical studies by showing the unique role of paleontological data in phylogenetic inference, and provide the first quantitative assessment of its determinants, with broad consequences for the design of taxon sampling in both morphological and total-evidence analyses. [phylogeny, morphology, fossils, parsimony, Bayesian inference.]
Recovery From Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) After Monthly Long-acting Buprenorphine Treatment: 12-Month Longitudinal Outcomes From RECOVER, an Observational Study
Authors: Ling Walter , Nadipelli Vijay R. , Aldridge Arnie P. , Ronquest Naoko A. , Solem Caitlyn T. , Chilcoat Howard , Albright Victoria , Johnson Courtney , Learned Susan M. , Mehra Vishaal , Heidbreder Christian 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
While evidence has mounted regarding the short-term effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder (OUD), little is known about longer-term psychosocial, economic, and health outcomes. We report herein 12-month outcomes for an observational study enrolling participants who had previously taken part in a long-acting buprenorphine subcutaneous injection (BUP-XR) trial for moderate to severe OUD.

Methods:
The RECOVER (Remission from Chronic Opioid Use: Studying Environmental and SocioEconomic Factors on Recovery; NCT03604861) study enrolled participants from 35 US community-based sites. Self-reported sustained opioid abstinence over 12 months and self-reported past-week abstinence at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month visits were assessed. Multiple regression models assessed the association of BUP-XR duration with abstinence, controlling for potential confounders. Withdrawal, pain, health-related quality of life, depression, and employment at RECOVER baseline and 12-month visits were also compared to values collected before treatment in the BUP-XR trial.

Results:
Of 533 RECOVER participants, 425 completed the 12-month visit (average age 42 years; 66% male); 50.8% self-reported sustained 12-month and 68.0% past-week opioid abstinence. In multiple regressions, participants receiving 12-month versus ≤2-month BUP-XR treatment duration had significantly higher likelihood of sustained opioid abstinence (75.3% vs 24.1%; P = 0.001), with similar results for past-week self-reported abstinence over time. During RECOVER, participants had fewer withdrawal symptoms, lower pain, positive health-related quality of life, minimal depression, and higher employment versus pre-trial visit.

Conclusions:
RECOVER participants reported positive outcomes over the 12-month observational period, including high opioid abstinence and stable or improved humanistic outcomes. These findings provide insights into the long-term impact of pharmacotherapy in OUD recovery.
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Kulkarni Arvind G. , Kunder Tushar S. , Dutta Shumayou 
Published: March 2020

Study Design:
A prospective cohort.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to develop a scoring system for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS) that would guide decision-making.

Background:
The management protocol for LDS has been under debate, with no guidelines. Most studies oversimplify LDS as a homogenous entity.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 131 patients who underwent surgery for LDS between July 2007 and October 2011 with a minimum follow-up of 3 years was carried out on the basis of clinical, radiologic, and technical factors. A scoring system was conceptualized. Clinical: back pain score—2, age younger than 70 years—1, high-demand activity—1. Radiologic: segmental kyphosis—1.5, segmental dynamic translation—1, disk height >50% of adjacent level—1, facet effusion—1, sagittal facet-orientation—1. Technical: feasibility to decompress without causing instability—1.5. Its reliability was ascertained by a univariate analysis. The benchmark was set at 5.5 according to the Youden Index. This was followed by a prospective study for reliability analysis between November 2011 and January 2017 of 52 patients who underwent stand-alone decompression in LDS with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Outcomes were evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index and the Visual Analog Scale. Interobserver variability was determined. None of the patients in the retrospective or prospective group had undergone any lumbar surgery previously.

Results:
The mean Oswestry Disability Index and Visual Analog Scale of both the groups in the retrospective and the stand-alone decompression groups in prospective studies showed significant improvement. The interobserver reliability was high, with a κ value of 0.847.

Conclusions:
The proposed scoring system helps view LDS as a heterogenous condition and assists in tailoring treatment for individual patients. For a select subgroup of patients with LDS, minimally invasive decompression (unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression using a minimally invasive surgery tubular retractor system) without fusion is adequate.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Quantitative Reduction of Basilar Invagination
Authors: Liu Zhenlei , Zhao Xinghua , Guan Jian , Duan Wanru , Goel Atul , Xia Zhiyuan , Jian Fengzeng , Chen Zan 
Published: March 2020

Study Design:
A mechanism-based reasoning and case-control study.

Objective:
To introduce correction target of clivo-axial angle (CXA) in quantitative surgical reduction of basilar invagination (BI).

Summary of Background Data:
The exact mechanism of BI with or without atlantoaxial dislocation is still unclear. Sagittal deformity is a key feature of BI. Correction of CXA directly influences subaxial cervical lordosis (increase of CXA equals the decrease of cervical lordosis). However, a quantitative reference for correction surgery has not been established.

Materials and Methods:
CXA was divided by Chamberlain line into clivus tilt (CT) and axial tilt (AT). Patients diagnosed with BI were retrospectively included. Patients with degenerative cervical spine diseases or vascular diseases (without BI) were included as controls. CT, AT, and other common parameters were measured and analyzed with t test and multiple linear regression. Demonstration case was presented.

Results:
A total of 42 BI patients and 23 controls were included. Normal references for CXA, AT, and CT were 162.3±7.1, 93.8±6.5, and 68.6±3.8 degrees, respectively. BI patients had a 30.3-degree smaller CXA, a 15.5-degree smaller AT, and a 14.9-degree smaller CT. Basal angle (P=0.002) independently had a significant influence on extent of BI, while CT and AT did not. Demonstration case showed that CT was fixed and correcting AT to an ideal 94 degrees was optimal for an individual patient.

Conclusions:
Proper quantitative correction of CXA needs to be individualized in consideration of CT and AT. The difference between actual AT and its ideal value (about 94 degrees) is the optimal target of CXA correction to decompress neural elements ventrally and recover better subaxial cervical lordosis.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Maternal exercise and its beneficial effects on glucose metabolism in offspring
Authors: Zheng Jia , Zhou Li-Yuan , Xiao Xin-Hua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It shows that detrimental exposures and conditions in mothers can lead to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring. This can lead to a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction, where rising rates of obesity, pre-diabetes, and diabetes in individuals of reproductive age, propagating risks to subsequent generations. It is well established that regular exercise has important health benefits for people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recently, increasing studies aim to examine the effects of maternal exercise on metabolic health in offspring. This review aims to demonstrate the evidence linking maternal exercise during critical periods of development and its implications for glucose metabolism in offspring, including intervention timing, sexual dimorphism, different exercise type, and intensity. Then we further examine the potential role of epigenetic modifications in this process.