bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species limits, patterns of secondary contact and a new species in theTrogon rufuscomplex (Aves: Trogonidae)
Authors: Dickens Jeremy Kenneth , Bitton Pierre-Paul , Bravo Gustavo A , Silveira Luís Fábio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe black-throated trogon, Trogon rufus, is a widespread, polytypic species-complex with a convoluted taxonomic history. Here, we integrated morphological, vocal and genetic datasets, including spectral data and digital quantification of barred plumage, to assess and redefine its species limits according to the foremost species concepts. We suggest the recognition of four named and one new species. Trogon tenellus and T. cupreicauda are divergent across Central and South America without geographic overlap or intermediates. Trogon chrysochloros in the Atlantic Forests of Brazil is phenotypically, genetically and ecologically distinct. In Amazonia, Trogon rufus consists of three phenotypically distinct subspecies intergrading with each other in a ring-like formation around central Amazonian rivers. Trogon rufus rufus in the Guiana Shield, Trogon rufus amazonicus in south-eastern Amazonia and Trogon rufus sulphureus in western Amazonia, with contact across the Lower Amazon and Madeira rivers, likely due to secondary contact between incompletely diverged lineages. The unique combination of song, morphology and mtDNA features of an unnamed, isolated population in the Atlantic Forest of north-eastern Brazil resulted in its description as a new species, known only from the type locality and considered here as Critically Endangered, requiring urgent conservation actions.
Executive Functioning in Youth With and Without Chronic Pain
Authors: Turner Kailyn M. , Wilcox Gabrielle , Nordstokke David W. , Dick Bruce , Schroeder Meadow , Noel Melanie 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Preliminary research in youth with chronic pain suggests differences in attention and working memory, which has been similarly demonstrated in adults with chronic pain. There has been little research on other aspects of executive functioning (EF) in this population despite its critical role in problem solving, school functioning, and coping. This study aimed to examine differences in several aspects of EF between youth with chronic pain and a nonchronic pain comparison group using performance-based neuropsychological tests and a behavior rating scale.

Materials and Methods:
Participants completed ratings of pain; physical, emotional, social, and school functioning; sleep quality; medication; and a general intelligence screener. Standardized neuropsychological tests were used to examine EF with a focus on working memory, divided and alternating attention, inhibition, flexibility, incidental memory, and planning. A parent-report and self-report behavior rating of EF was also administered.

Results:
Recruitment from 2 tertiary-care pain clinics resulted in a sample of 26 youth with chronic pain (80.8% girls) and their parents. A comparison group of 30 youth without chronic pain and their parents were recruited from the community. Participants with chronic pain had significantly lower scores on several performance-based tests of working memory/divided attention, inhibition, and flexibility/alternating attention than the comparison group. Statistically significant group differences were also found on behavior ratings of emotion control, shifting, task initiation and completion, working memory, planning and organization, overall emotion and cognitive regulation as well as global EF. Covariate analysis was conducted in all analyses where there were significant group differences and several observed group differences remained.

Discussion:
This study is one of few multidimensional examinations of EF in youth with chronic pain, using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery combined with behavior ratings. Our findings suggest EF differences in youth with chronic pain, across a variety of domains and may suggest risk for specific cognitive processing weaknesses in this population. Medical and educational teams should work toward identification, treatment, and compensatory support for EF within individualized pain management for youth.
Complications and 30-Day Mortality Rate After Hip Fracture Surgery in Superobese Patients
Authors: Chaudhry Yash P. , Rao Sandesh S. , Puvanesarajah Varun , Amin Raj M. , Khanuja Harpal S. , Oni Julius K. , Hasenboehler Erik A. , Sterling Robert S. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Paradoxically, overweight and obesity are associated with lower odds of complications and death after hip fracture surgery. Our objective was to determine whether this “obesity paradox” extends to patients with “superobesity.” In this study, we compared rates of complications and death among superobese patients with those of patients in other body mass index (BMI) categories.

Methods:
Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we identified >100,000 hip fracture surgeries performed from 2012 to 2018. Patients were categorized as underweight (BMI <18.5), normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25–29.9), obese (BMI 30–39.9), morbidly obese (BMI 40–49.9), or superobese (BMI ≥50). We analyzed patient characteristics, surgical characteristics, and 30-day outcomes. Using multivariate regression with normal-weight patients as the referent, we determined odds of major complications, minor complications, and death within 30 days by BMI category.

Results:
Of 440 superobese patients, 20% had major complications, 33% had minor complications, and 5.2% died within 30 days after surgery. When comparing patients in other BMI categories with normal-weight patients, superobese patients had the highest odds of major complications [odds ratio (OR): 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–2.0] but did not have significantly different odds of death (OR: 0.91, 95% CI, 0.59–1.4) or minor complications (OR: 1.2, 95% CI, 0.94–1.4).

Conclusion:
Superobese patients had significantly higher odds of major complications within 30 days after hip fracture surgery compared with all other patients. This “obesity paradox” did not apply to superobese patients.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a Complete Description of Levels of Evidence.
Is Timing to Surgery an Independent Risk Factor for Complications Following Operative Treatment of Periprosthetic Lower Extremity Fractures?
Authors: Copp Jonathan , Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Abola Matthew V. , Schell Adam , Trivedi Nikunj N. , Ochenjele George 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To identify whether timing to surgery was related to major 30-day morbidity and mortality rates in periprosthetic hip and knee fractures [OTA/AO 3 (IV.3, V.3), OTA/AO 4 (V4)].

Design:
Retrospective database review.

Setting:
Hospitals participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.

Patients:
Patients in the NSQIP database with periprosthetic hip or knee fractures between 2007 and 2015.

Intervention:
Surgical management of periprosthetic hip and knee fractures including revision or open reduction internal fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Major 30-day morbidity and mortality after operative treatment of periprosthetic hip or knee fractures.

Results:
A total of 1265 patients, mean age 72, including 883 periprosthetic hip and 382 periprosthetic fractures about the knee were reviewed. Delay in surgery greater than 72 hours is a risk factor for increased 30-day morbidity in periprosthetic hip and knee fractures [relative risk = 2.90 (95% confidence interval: 1.74–4.71); P-value ≤ 0.001] and risk factor for increased 30-day mortality [relative risk = 8.98 (95% confidence interval: 2.14–37.74); P-value = 0.003].

Conclusions:
Using NSQIP database to analyze periprosthetic hip and knee fractures, delay to surgery is an independent risk factor for increased 30-day major morbidity and mortality when controlling for patient functional status and comorbidities. Although patient optimization and surgical planning are paramount, minimizing extended delays to surgery is a potentially modifiable risk factor in the geriatric periprosthetic lower extremity fracture patient.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Long non-coding RNAs during normal erythropoiesis
Authors: Xu Changlu , Shi Lihong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The transcription of essentially the entire eukaryotic genome produces a huge amount of non-coding RNAs. Among them, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) consist of a significant portion that widely exists across mammal genome, generating from high-throughput transcriptomic studies in the last decade. Although the functions of most lncRNAs remain to be further investigated, many of them have already been shown to play critical roles during normal development and disease conditions. Increasing evidence indicates that lncRNAs involve in versatile biological processes during erythroid proliferation and differentiation, including erythroid cell survival, heme metabolism, globin switching and regulation, erythroid enucleation, etc, via cis- or trans-mediated molecular mechanisms. In this review, we focus on recent advances regarding the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in normal erythropoiesis.
HOXC4 up-regulates NF-κB signaling and promotes the cell proliferation to drive development of human hematopoiesis, especially CD43+ cells
Authors: Zeng Jiahui , Sun Wencui , Chang Jing , Yi Danying , Zhu Lijiao , Zhang Yonggang , Pan Xu , Zhou Ya , Lai Mowen , Bian Guohui , Zhou Qiongxiu , Liu Jiaxin , Chen Bo , Ma Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The hematopoietic function of HOXC4 has not been extensively investigated. Our research indicated that induction of HOXC4 in co-culture system from D10 significantly promoted productions of most hematopoietic progenitor cells. CD34−CD43+ cells could be clearly classified into CD34−CD43low and CD34−CD43high sub-populations at D14. The former cells had greater myelogenic potential, and their production was not significantly influenced by induction of HOXC4. By contrast, the latter cells had greater potential to differentiate into megakaryocytes and erythroid cells, and thus had properties of erythroid–megakaryocyte common progenitors, which abundance was increased by ∼2-fold when HOXC4 was induced from D10. For CD34−CD43low, CD34+CD43+, and CD34−CD43high sub-populations, CD43 level served as a natural index for the tendency to undergo hematopoiesis. Induction of HOXC4 from D10 caused more CD43+ cells sustain in S-phase with up-regulation of NF-κB signaling, which could be counteracted by inhibition of NF-κB signaling. These observations suggested that promotion of hematopoiesis by HOXC4 is closely related to NF-κB signaling and a change in cell-cycle status, which containing potential of clinical applications.
Mother-Adolescent Discrepancies in Ratings of Adolescents' Adjustment: Associations with Maternal Mental Health and Family Factors
Authors: Rana Marya , Delker Erin , East Patricia , Blanco Estela , Burrows Raquel , Lozoff Betsy , Gahagan Sheila 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Many children and adolescents are assessed for potential psychological and behavioral problems through the parent-completed Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self-Report (YSR) questionnaires. However, because these assessments are based on individual reports, they are subject to disagreement. This study considered multiple family factors and aspects of mothers' mental health in discrepancies between mothers' and youths' ratings on the CBCL and YSR.

Method:
This study involved 926 mothers and their adolescent children (48.7% female children, mean age = 14.4 years) who completed the CBCL and YSR questionnaires, respectively.

Results:
Mothers who experienced more severe mental health problems reported more internalizing symptoms of their adolescent relative to the adolescent's ratings.

Conclusion:
Findings indicate that mothers' poor mental health is related to their reports of more frequent psychological problems in their adolescents. To verify the accuracy of maternal reports, additional raters and additional methods, such as behavioral observation and clinical interview, would be helpful.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor–based Versus Angiotensin Receptor Blocker–based Optimal Medical Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Kim Yong-Giun , Ann Soe Hee , Park Hyun Woo , Suh Jon , Roh Jae-Hyung , Cho Young-Rak , Han Seungbong , Park Gyung-Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract:
Optimal medical therapy (OMT) plays a crucial role in the secondary prevention of established coronary artery disease. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is an important target of OMT. However, there is limited evidence on whether there is any difference in the combined effect of OMT according to the classes of RAS blockade [angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) vs. angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)]. Based on the nationwide National Health Insurance database in South Korea, 39,096 patients who received OMT after percutaneous coronary intervention between July 2013 and June 2017 were enrolled. Patients were stratified into either acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or angina cohort and analyzed according to the class of RAS blockade included in OMT at discharge (ACEI vs. ARB). The primary end point was all-cause mortality. The study population had a median follow-up of 2.3 years (interquartile range, 1.3–3.3 years). In the propensity score-matched AMI cohort (8219 pairs), the risk for all-cause mortality was significantly lower in patients with ACEI-based OMT than in those with ARB-based OMT (hazard ratio 0.83 of ACEI, 95% confidence interval 0.73–0.94, P = 0.003). However, in the propensity score-matched angina cohort (6693 pairs), the mortality risk was comparable, regardless of the class of RAS blockade (hazard ratio 1.13, 95 confidence interval 0.99–1.29, P = 0.08). In conclusion, in this nationwide cohort study involving patients receiving OMT after percutaneous coronary intervention, ACEI-based OMT was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with AMI in comparison with ARB, but not in those with angina.
Training Physician Assistants to Use Medical Interpreters Effectively
Authors: Gillette Chris , Blalock Jamie , Hildebrandt Carol , Peacock Brian , Crandall Sonia 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
To examine the internal consistency of a validated instrument for physician assistant (PA) communication skills with interpreters and evaluate a training activity focused on effectively working with interpreters during a standardized patient assessment.

Methods
Six cohorts of PA students completed training on how to communicate with patients who required an interpreter. Students then completed an assessment with a limited English-proficient patient and interpreter. Student competency was assessed using a previously validated measure. Data were analyzed using a multivariable Poisson regression model.

Results
There were usable data on 439 PA students. The median number of areas that students performed/partially performed was 10 out of 12 (inter-quartile range: 3). The Poisson regression model revealed significant differences between cohorts. Areas for further training include using Teach-Back (n = 203) and thanking the interpreter (n = 170).

Conclusions
Although the PA students performed well, there is considerable room for improvement in certain communication techniques.
Can Dizziness Handicap Inventory and Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scores Assess Vestibular Loss After Vestibular Schwannoma Excision?
Authors: Erbele Isaac D. , MacDowell Sara G. , Arriaga Moisés A. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Evaluate and compare the Dizziness Handicap Inventory with Activities-specific Balance Confidence scores shortly after vestibular schwannoma excision.

Study Design:
Retrospective database review.

Setting:
Tertiary care center.

Patients:
Adults undergoing vestibular schwannoma excision between January 2015 and December 2019.

Intervention:
Diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative.

Main Outcome Measures:
Postoperative change in Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores and Activities-specific Balance Confidence scores 2 to 3 weeks after surgical intervention in relation to preoperative vestibular testing.

Results:
A total of 49 patients met inclusion criteria. The average change in the Dizziness Handicap Inventory was 6 (p = 0.07, 95% CI 0–13). This was weakly correlated to preoperative caloric testing values (r = −0.31, p = 0.03), but not cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) values (r = −0.17, p = 0.23). The average change in Activities-specific Balance Confidence was −10% (p = 0.007, 95% CI −3 to −17%). This change was moderately correlated with preoperative caloric values (r = 0.42, p = 0.006), but it was not correlated with cVEMP (r = 0.07, p = 0.66).

Conclusions:
In vestibular schwannoma patients, factors other than preoperative vestibular function likely affect postoperative Dizziness Handicap Inventory and Activities-specific Balance Confidence scores. The change in Activities-specific Balance Confidence was slightly more consistent with expected physiological vestibular loss, and it represents another tool in a multidisciplinary vestibular evaluation of the postoperative patient.
Impact of ABO Blood Group on the Development of Venous Thromboembolism in Children With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lam Shin Cheung Jeffrey , Lam Shin Cheung Victor , Athale Uma 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Few studies have evaluated the impact of ABO blood group on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric populations. We performed a systematic review to determine whether children (0 to 18 y old) with non-O blood group have an increased risk of developing VTE compared with those with O blood group.

Methods:
We searched Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL online databases from inception to December 2018 to find studies involving blood grouping and VTE. Data was collected regarding patients’ underlying diseases, sex, age, ABO blood group, and VTE frequency. A meta-analysis using the random effect model was performed, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I
2 value.

Results:
Among 1280 unique articles identified, 7 studies (3 conference abstracts, 4 peer-reviewed journal articles) involving 609 VTE cases were included in the systematic review. Six studies were eligible for a meta-analysis; all involved patients with cancer. Blood group O was protective against VTE (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.79). Findings were similar across sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions:
This systematic review has documented that O blood group is protective against new-onset VTE in children with cancer. Larger studies across different ethnic backgrounds and disease categories are needed to confirm these findings.
Narrative Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rehabilitation of People With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Gerber Lynn H. , Deshpande Rati , Prabhakar Shruthi , Cai Cindy , Garfinkel Steven , Morse Leslie , Harrington Amanda L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Clinical practice guidelines provide reliable, vetted, and critical information to bring research to practice. Some medical specialties (e.g., physical medicine and rehabilitation) provide multidomain treatment for various conditions. This presents challenges because physical medicine and rehabilitation is a small specialty, a diverse patient base in terms sociodemographics and diagnosis, treatments are difficult to standardize, and rehabilitation research is underfunded. We wished to identify quality and applicability of clinical practice guidelines and searched “Spinal Cord Injury AND Clinical Practice Guidelines AND Rehabilitation” and vetting process.
Three hundred fifty-nine articles were identified of which 58 met all criteria for full-text review of which 13 were included in the final selection. Additional publications were accessed from a nondatabase search. Five articles addressed postacute care, community treatment. Nine articles had no recorded vetting process but addressed rehabilitation as an outcome and were included separately. Many of the clinical practice guidelines were developed without evidence from randomized controlled trials, one had input from stakeholders, and some are out of date and do not address important aspects of changes in demographics of the affected population and the use of newer technologies such as sensors and robotics and devices. Identification of these gaps may help stimulate treatment that is clinically relevant, accessible, and current.
Promoting Medication Adherence Among Psychiatric Patients With a History of Nonadherence: A Clinical Practice Improvement Program
Authors: XIA XIANGBING SHEPHERD , POREMSKI DANIEL , UBANA REGINA L. , RAVICHANDRAN NIGILA 
Published: November 2020

Background:
People with serious mental illness may require long-term psychotropic medications. However, nonadherence is prevalent after discharge, often leading to re-admission. Several strategies exist to reduce nonadherence. The current project uses clinical practice improvement methodologies to test and adjust strategies to improve medication adherence at the Institute of Mental Health in Singapore.

Methods:
Two focus groups (one of which involved nonadherent individuals and the other adherent individuals) were conducted to explore the root cause of our service users’ nonadherence. On the basis of the causes identified, the team developed and implemented a person-centered medication adherence counseling intervention, incorporating motivational interviewing and psychoeducation. Data from all service users (n=156) who were nonadherent to psychotropic medications upon admission to our men’s ward between October 2017 and December 2018 were examined, with 63 of the men serving as the baseline sample and 93 receiving the adherence intervention. The team also reduced medication frequency and actively explored patients’ willingness to switch to long-acting injectable antipsychotics. A validated visual analogue self-reporting scale was used to measure adherence at screening and 30 days after discharge. Interrupted time series analysis was used to assess the effects.

Results:
After an intervention involving 3 specific strategies that addressed the concerns identified during the focus groups, the percentage of people who adhered to their treatment regimen 30 days after discharge increased by 33% (95% confidence interval: 15%-51%, P=0.001). Our balance measure (a secondary outcome that may be negatively or positively affected by efforts to influence the primary outcome), which was the percentage of people readmitted within 30 days of their discharge, showed a significant improvement (ie, a decrease in percentage readmitted).

Conclusions:
Quality improvement methodologies can be used to solve common problems with context-specific solutions. The implementation of person-centered medication adherence counseling led by an advanced practice nurse in concert with optimization of medication regimens appears to be a promising strategy for improving adherence in nonadherent patients admitted to the psychiatric ward.