bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are weight status and weight perception associated with academic performance among youth?
Authors: Livermore Maram , Duncan Markus J. , Leatherdale Scott T. , Patte Karen A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests perceptions of being overweight account for many of the psychosocial consequences commonly associated with obesity. Previous research suggests an obesity achievement gap, yet limited research has explored weight perception in association with academic performance. Moreover, underweight perceptions have typically been excluded from research. The current study examined how BMI classification and weight perception relate to academic performance in a large cohort of youth.MethodsWe used cross-sectional survey data from 61,866 grade 9–12 students attending the 122 Canadian schools that participated in Year 6 (2017/2018) of the COMPASS study. Mixed effect regression models were used to examine associations between students’ BMI classification and weight perceptions and their math and English/French course grades. All models were stratified by sex and adjusted for sociodemographic covariates and school clustering.ResultsFor English/French grades, males and females with overweight or underweight perceptions were less likely to achieve higher grades than their peers with perceptions of being at “about the right weight”, controlling for BMI and covariates. For math grades, females with overweight perceptions, and all students with underweight perceptions, were less likely to achieve higher grades than their peers with “about the right weight” perceptions. All students with BMIs in the obesity range were less likely to report grades of 60% or higher than their peers with “normal-weight” BMIs, controlling for weight perception and covariates. Overweight BMIs were predictive of lower achievement in females for English/French grades, and in males for math grades, relative to “normal-weight” BMIs. Results for students that did not respond to the weight and weight perception items resembled those for obesity BMI and overweight/underweight perceptions, respectively.ConclusionsOverall, this study demonstrates that an obesity achievement gap remains when controlling for students’ perceptions of their weight, and that both underweight and overweight perceptions predict lower academic performance, regardless of BMI classification. Results suggest barriers to academic success exist among youth with larger body sizes, and those with perceptions of deviating from “about the right weight”.
When clean eating isn’t as faultless: the dangerous obsession with healthy eating and the relationship between Orthorexia nervosa and eating disorders in Mexican University students
Authors: Parra Carriedo Alicia , Tena-Suck Antonio , Barajas-Márquez Miriam Wendolyn , Bilbao y Morcelle Gladys María , Díaz Gutiérrez Mary Carmen , Flores Galicia Isabel , Ruiz-Shuayre Alejandra 
Published: October 2020

Resumen
Introducción
La ortorexia nervosa es un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria que ha sido poco estudiado, tanto en sus características, causas y síntomas, como en sus consecuencias y en la relación con otros trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar dicha relación e indagar si es posible predecir la aparición de un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria a partir de la presencia de ortorexia nervosa, además de analizar diferencias por sexo en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos.

Método
Participaron en el estudio 911 estudiantes universitarios (65.4% fueron mujeres y el 34.6% hombres), en un rango de edades entre 18 y 28 años (M = 21 y DE = 1.9) que respondieron dos cuestionarios que son: ORTO-14MX, una versión del instrumento ORTO-15 previamente validada en estudiantes mexicanos y el EDE-Q en su versión corta, además de proporcionar algunos datos sociodemográficos de interés para este estudio.

Resultados
El análisis de correlación de Pearson reveló relaciones estadísticas significativas de leves a moderadas entre los factores que componen ambas escalas, mientras que el análisis de regresión lineal mostró un que un 40% de la varianza es explicada a partir de los factores que componen la escala ORTO-14MX en la muestra de estudio. Adicionalmente se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres con respecto a todas las subescalas de los instrumentos que midieron ortorexia y trastornos de la conducta alimentaria.

Conclusiones
Estos resultados mostraron un grado de predicción moderada que sí bien es prometedora, no resulta totalmente concluyente. Asimismo, se confirmó que las mujeres siguen siendo más vulnerables a padecer ortorexia o un TCA. Se concluye la necesidad de continuar estudiando la relación entre la ortorexia y los TCAs, en muestras latinoamericanas con otras características socio demográficas y en población clínica.
Evaluation of the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-associated coagulopathy
Authors: Elbeddini Ali , Gerochi Rachel , Elshahawi Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMost of the current “literature” surrounding the presence of thrombosis in COVID-19 disease and appropriate prophylaxis/treatment modalities is certainly retrospective at best, and anecdotal at worst. But in these times of rapidly changing information and perspective, an assessment of all available data (including expert opinion) is the goal of this review. Bleeding risk factors for COVID-19-associated bleeding may include other systemic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and immunosuppression. Individuals with hypertension should not discontinue their medication. Current evidence does not support changes in the management of hypertension. As COVID-19 progresses, coagulation pathways are activated as part of the host inflammatory response to limit the viral infection. Specifically, D-dimers, products of fibrin as it is degraded within clots, are elevated in many cases of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. D-dimers are an indicator of a clot (thrombus) formation and breakdown. More severe COVID-19 disease may lead to overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), associated with high mortality. DIC is a coagulopathy that may arise from the systemic inflammatory response to the virus and damaged tissue caused by the infection. Bleeding risk factors may include other systemic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and immunosuppression. Individuals with hypertension should not discontinue their medication. Current evidence does not support changes in the management of hypertension. As COVID-19 progresses, coagulation pathways are activated as part of the host inflammatory response to limit the viral infection. Specifically, D-dimers, products of fibrin as it is degraded within clots, are elevated in many cases of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. D-dimers are an indicator of a clot (thrombus) formation and breakdown. More severe COVID-19 disease may lead to overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), associated with high mortality. DIC is a coagulopathy that may arise from the systemic inflammatory response to the virus and damaged tissue caused by the infection. My manuscript presents the risk and evidence around the COVID-19-associated coagulopathies
Randomised feasibility trial and embedded qualitative process evaluation of a new intervention to facilitate the involvement of older patients with multimorbidity in decision-making about their healthcare during general practice consultations: the VOLITION study protocol
Authors: Butterworth Joanne , Richards Suzanne , Warren Fiona , Pitchforth Emma , Campbell John 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The number of older people with multiple health problems is increasing worldwide. This creates a strain on clinicians and the health service when delivering clinical care to this patient group, who themselves carry a large treatment burden. Despite shared decision-making being acknowledged by healthcare organisations as a priority feature of clinical care, older patients with multimorbidity are less often involved in decision-making when compared with younger patients, with some evidence suggesting associated health inequalities. Interventions aimed at facilitating shared decision-making between doctors and patients are outdated in their assessments of today’s older patient population who need support in prioritising complex care needs in order to maximise quality of life and day-to-day function.

Aims

To undertake feasibility testing of an intervention (‘VOLITION’) aimed at facilitating the involvement of older patients with more than one long-term health problem in shared decision-making about their healthcare during GP consultations.

To inform the design of a fully powered trial to assess intervention effectiveness.

Methods
This study is a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial with qualitative process evaluation interviews. Participants are patients, aged 65 years and above with more than one long-term health problem (multimorbidity), and the GPs that they consult with. This study aims to recruit 6 GP practices, 18 GPs and 180 patients. The intervention comprises two components: (i) a half-day training workshop for GPs in shared decision-making; and (ii) a leaflet for patients that facilitate their engagement with shared decision-making. Intervention implementation will take 2 weeks (to complete delivery of both patient and GP components), and follow-up duration will be 12 weeks (from index consultation and commencement of data collection to final case note review and process evaluation interview). The trial will run from 01/01/20 to 31/01/21; 1 year 31 days.

Discussion
Shared decision-making for older people with multimorbidity in general practice is under-researched. Emerging clinical guidelines advise a patient-centred approach, to reduce treatment burden and focus on quality of life alongside disease control. The systematic development, testing and evaluation of an intervention is warranted and timely. This study will test the feasibility of implementing a new intervention in UK general practice for future evaluation as a part of routine care.

Trial registration
CLINICAL TRIALS.GOV registration number NCT03786315, registered 24/12/18
A feasibility pragmatic clinical trial of a primary care network exercise and education program for people with COPD
Authors: Hurley Kelsey M. T. , Selzler Anne-Marie , Rodgers Wendy M. , Stickland Michael K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary rehabilitation is an important component of chronic disease management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been shown to improve shortness of breath, exercise capacity, quality of life, and decrease hospitalizations. However, pulmonary rehabilitation capacity is low. Primary care may be an effective method for delivering disease management services to this population. The objective of this feasibility pragmatic clinical trial was to evaluate enrollment and completion of a primary care network exercise and education program for people with COPD.

Methods
COPD patients (N = 23; mean age = 65 ± 9 years; FEV1 = 68 ± 20% predicted) were recruited after referral to a primary care network exercise program in Edmonton, Alberta. Participants self-selected either an 8-week 16-session supervised exercise program or an 8-week unsupervised exercise program where they received three visits with an exercise specialist. Both groups self-selected education sessions with clinicians for disease management support. Referrals, completion, and program outcomes (physical activity, exercise capacity and health status) were measured before (T1), immediately after (T2), and 8 weeks following the program (T3).

Results
Forty-three referrals were received in 10 months, where a minimum of 50 was required in order for the program to be considered feasible. Twenty-three participants provided baseline data, and twenty participants started the exercise program (10 in each exercise group), 16 of which completed the exercise program (80%). On average, 48% of the recommended education sessions were completed by participants.

Conclusions
Enrollment into a COPD exercise and education program in a primary care network was low indicating the need for improved referral processes from physicians. Completion rates by participants were adequate for exercise but not education. The low referral rate and the lack of enrollment in COPD education by the patients indicate that a large-scale trial of the program as designed is not feasible.
The LaserFIB: new application opportunities combining a high-performance FIB-SEM with femtosecond laser processing in an integrated second chamber
Authors: Tordoff Ben , Hartfield Cheryl , Holwell Andrew J. , Hiller Stephan , Kaestner Marcus , Kelly Stephen , Lee Jaehan , Müller Sascha , Perez-Willard Fabian , Volkenandt Tobias , White Robin , Rodgers Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development of the femtosecond laser (fs laser) with its ability to provide extremely rapid athermal ablation of materials has initiated a renaissance in materials science. Sample milling rates for the fs laser are orders of magnitude greater than that of traditional focused ion beam (FIB) sources currently used. In combination with minimal surface post-processing requirements, this technology is proving to be a game changer for materials research. The development of a femtosecond laser attached to a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (LaserFIB) enables numerous new capabilities, including access to deeply buried structures as well as the production of extremely large trenches, cross sections, pillars and TEM H-bars, all while preserving microstructure and avoiding or reducing FIB polishing. Several high impact applications are now possible due to this technology in the fields of crystallography, electronics, mechanical engineering, battery research and materials sample preparation. This review article summarizes the current opportunities for this new technology focusing on the materials science megatrends of engineering materials, energy materials and electronics.
Axillary nodal metastasis in ovarian cancer: a report of three cases and review of literature
Authors: Zuhdy Mohammad , Alghandour Reham , Abdelazeem Gena , Saleh Gehad A. , Saleh Mahmoud M. , Hamdy Mohamed , Hamdy Omar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer represents a major global health burden that is rarely associated with distant metastasis. Axillary lymph node metastasis from ovarian cancer is rare and is reported only in few case reports in literature.

Case presentation
We report three cases of ovarian carcinoma associated with axillary lymph node metastasis as well as a brief literature review. The pathologic subtype in one case was malignant mixed Mullerian tumor, while the other two cases were high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Axillary nodal metastasis was reported as a synchronous event in one case, while it was reported as recurrence events in the other two cases.

Conclusion
Physicians should be aware of this uncommon mode of metastasis in ovarian cancer cases. Multi-disciplinary discussion is crucial in the management of these cases to offer them the best suitable treatment.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) a biogenic stimulator in treatment of primary atrophic rhinitis
Authors: Mostafa Hany Samir , Ayad Essam Ezzat 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Primary atrophic rhinitis (1ry AR) is a chronic nasal disease characterized by the loss of mucociliary clearance and presence of viscid secretions and dried crusts that causes a characteristic foul odor, usually bilateral. A large range of treatment modalities had been tried, yet there is still no agreement upon a curative treatment with long-lasting success. The purpose of the study was to assess the value of platelet-rich plasma as a biogenic stimulator for healing acceleration in primary atrophic rhinitis.
A total of 78 cases clinically diagnosed to have primary atrophic rhinitis were included. Nasal endoscopy, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-25 questionnaire, mucociliary clearance assessment by saccharine transit time test, and biopsy specimens were achieved before 1 month and 6 months after the application of platelet-rich plasma in group A (cases) and platelet-poor plasma in group B (controls).

Results
All patients in group A showed endoscopic improvement and reduction in the incidence of the most frequently encountered symptoms before platelet-rich plasma injection including nasal crusts, 36 (92.30%); foetor, 31 (79.48%); nasal obstruction, 30 (76.92%); anosmia, 17 (43.58%); and epistaxis, 7 (17.94%) to nasal crusts, 9 (23.07%); foetor, 13 (33.33%); nasal obstruction, 14 (35.89%); anosmia, 13 (33.33%); and epistaxis, 3 (7.69%), 6 months after, and this was reflected in the reduction of the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-25 scores which was averaged 40 before platelet-rich plasma to 9, 6 months after. Similarly, the mucociliary clearance time was significantly reduced after platelet-rich plasma injection; saccharine transit time test was initially averaged at 1980 s and got reduced to 920 s, 6 months after platelet-rich plasma injection.

Conclusion
The use of platelet-rich plasma as a biogenic stimulator is a possible innovative less invasive approach that can be effective in repairing tissue dystrophy through further future studies.
Source-domain full-waveform inversions
Authors: Wu Yulang , McMechan George A. 
Published: October 2020

Conventional full-waveform inversion (FWI) updates a velocity model by minimizing the data residuals between the predicted and observed data at the receiver positions. We have developed a new FWI to update the velocity model by minimizing virtual source artifacts at the receiver positions in the source-domain FWI (SFWI). Virtual source artifacts are created by replacing the propagating source wavefield by the forward-time observed data at the receiver positions as a data-residual constraint. Therefore, no matter whether the velocity model is correct or not, the data residuals at the receiver positions always are forced to be zero. If the velocity model is correct, this data-residual constraint has no effect on the wavefield because the predicted data are the same as the observed data. However, if the estimated velocity model is incorrect, the mismatch between the replaced forward-time observed data and the incorrect predicted upgoing waves (e.g., the reflected waves) at the receiver positions will produce downgoing artifact waves. Thus, the data-residual constraint behaves as a virtual source to create artifact wavefields. By minimizing the virtual source artifacts (equivalent to producing the artifact wavefield), the velocity model can be iteratively updated toward the true velocity model. Similar to conventional FWI, SFWI can be implemented in either the frequency or time domain, which is unlike previous source-domain solutions which have to be implemented only in the frequency domain to solve the normal equations. SFWI does more overfitting of noisy observed data than conventional FWI does because noise is amplified by the differential operators when calculating the virtual source artifacts. Tests on synthetic data indicate that SFWI inverts for the velocity model more accurately than conventional FWI for noise-free or low-noise data.
Hypothalamitis: A Novel Autoimmune Endocrine Disease. A Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Türe Uğur , De Bellis Annamaria , Harput Mehmet Volkan , Bellastella Giuseppe , Topcuoglu Melih , Yaltirik Cumhur Kaan , Cirillo Paolo , Yola Rima Nur , Sav Aydın , Kelestimur Fahrettin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
The relationship between the endocrine system and autoimmunity has been recognized for a long time and one of the best examples of autoimmune endocrine disease is autoimmune hypophysitis. A better understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and radiological, biochemical, and immunological developments has given rise to the definition of new autoimmune disorders including autoimmunity-related hypothalamic–pituitary disorders. However, whether hypothalamitis may occur as a distinct entity is still a matter of debate.

Evidence Acquisition
Here we describe a 35-year-old woman with growing suprasellar mass, partial empty sella, central diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism, and hyperprolactinemia.

Evidence Synthesis
Histopathologic examination of surgically removed suprasellar mass revealed lymphocytic infiltrate suggestive of an autoimmune disease with hypothalamic involvement. The presence of antihypothalamus antibodies to arginine vasopressin (AVP)-secreting cells (AVPcAb) at high titers and the absence of antipituitary antibodies suggested the diagnosis of isolated hypothalamitis. Some similar conditions have sometimes been reported in the literature but the simultaneous double finding of lymphocytic infiltrate and the presence of AVPcAb so far has never been reported.

Conclusions
We think that the hypothalamitis can be considered a new isolated autoimmune disease affecting the hypothalamus while the lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis can be a consequence of hypothalamitis with subsequent autoimmune involvement of the pituitary. To our knowledge this is the first observation of autoimmune hypothalamic involvement with central diabetes insipidus, partial empty sella, antihypothalamic antibodies and hypopituitarism.
“I felt like a TRIO champion”: end-user perspectives on their role as co-designers of multi-purpose technologies
Authors: Agot Kawango , Lutnick Alexandra , Shapley-Quinn Mary Kate , Ahmed Khatija , Okello Timothy , van der Straten Ariane ,   The TRIO Study Team
Published: October 2020

Background: The likelihood that research will be relevant to and accepted by end-users and their communities is enhanced when the perspectives of both the “researchers” and the “researched” are considered. The Tablets, Ring, Injections as Options (TRIO) Study, conducted with young women in Kenya and South Africa, assessed the acceptability and preferences of three placebo-only multi-purpose technology (MPT) forms for prevention of HIV and unintended pregnancy. The objective of this analysis was to assess whether, and if so how, the women participating in the TRIO Study perceived themselves as co-designers of the three MPT products. Methods: We conducted 55 in-depth interviews, 6 focus group discussions, and 5 dissemination workshops with TRIO Study participants. Woven throughout these activities were questions and opportunities for participants to reflect on their role in the study, and to what extent they identified with their role as a co-designer. Qualitative data from these activities were analyzed thematically. Results: The analysis revealed four key themes about what resulted in the women’s views as co-designers: altruism, respectful treatment, agency, and reciprocity. The women were aware of their role in determining what end-users would and would not prefer and were motivated by a desire to help themselves and others. They recognized their role as co-designers and cited being treated well by study staff, being given a chance to make choices during the study period, and being recognized as equal partners of the researchers as the main reasons. Conclusions: If prevention products are going to be successfully developed, end-users and researchers must work hand in hand. Engaging participants meaningfully as co-designers in product development research can be a powerful tool in the effort to ensure new prevention products brought to market are acceptable to the population of interest.