bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing exoplanet evaporation with multitransiting systems
Authors: Owen James E , Campos Estrada Beatriz 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The photoevaporation model is one of the leading explanations for the evolution of small, close-in planets and the origin of the radius-valley. However, without planet mass measurements, it is challenging to test the photoevaporation scenario. Even if masses are available for individual planets, the host star’s unknown EUV/X-ray history makes it difficult to assess the role of photoevaporation. We show that systems with multiple transiting planets are the best in which to rigorously test the photoevaporation model. By scaling one planet to another in a multitransiting system, the host star’s uncertain EUV/X-ray history can be negated. By focusing on systems that contain planets that straddle the radius-valley, one can estimate the minimum masses of planets above the radius-valley (and thus are assumed to have retained a voluminous hydrogen/helium envelope). This minimum mass is estimated by assuming that the planet below the radius-valley entirely lost its initial hydrogen/helium envelope, then calculating how massive any planet above the valley needs to be to retain its envelope. We apply this method to 104 planets above the radius gap in 73 systems for which precise enough radii measurements are available. We find excellent agreement with the photoevaporation model. Only two planets (Kepler-100c and 142c) appear to be inconsistent, suggesting they had a different formation history or followed a different evolutionary pathway to the bulk of the population. Our method can be used to identify TESS systems that warrant radial-velocity follow-up to further test the photoevaporation model.
The software to estimate minimum planet masses is publicly available at https://github.com/jo276/EvapMass.
Testing the accuracy of halo occupation distribution modelling using hydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Beltz-Mohrmann Gillian D , Berlind Andreas A , Szewciw Adam O 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Halo models provide a simple and computationally inexpensive way to investigate the connection between galaxies and their dark matter haloes. However, these models rely on the assumption that the role of baryons can easily be parametrized in the modelling procedure. We aim to examine the ability of halo occupation distribution (HOD) modelling to reproduce the galaxy clustering found in two different hydrodynamic simulations, Illustris and EAGLE. For each simulation, we measure several galaxy clustering statistics on two different luminosity threshold samples. We then apply a simple five parameter HOD, which was fit to each simulation separately, to the corresponding dark matter-only simulations, and measure the same clustering statistics. We find that the halo mass function is shifted to lower masses in the hydrodynamic simulations, resulting in a galaxy number density that is too high when an HOD is applied to the dark matter-only simulation. However, the exact way in which baryons alter the mass function is remarkably different in the two simulations. After applying a correction to the halo mass function in each simulation, the HOD is able to accurately reproduce all clustering statistics for the high luminosity sample of galaxies. For the low luminosity sample, we find evidence that in addition to correcting the halo mass function, including spatial, velocity, and assembly bias parameters in the HOD is necessary to accurately reproduce clustering statistics.
Host Inflammatory Biomarkers of Disease Severity in Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Fernandes Catarina D , Arriaga María B , Costa Maria Carolina M , Costa Maria Clara M , Costa Maria Heloina M , Vinhaes Caian L , Silveira-Mattos Paulo S , Fukutani Kiyoshi F , Andrade Bruno B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death in children. Identification of reliable biomarkers offers the potential to develop a severity quantitative score to assist in clinical decision-making and improve outcomes.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in PubMed and EMBASE on November 13, 2018, to examine the association between host inflammatory biomarkers and CAP severity in children. The inclusion criteria were case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies that examined candidate serum biomarkers. We extracted outcomes of interest, means, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) of plasma and serum levels of biomarkers together with information on disease severity. Meta-analysis was performed. This review was registered in the PROSPERO international registry (CRD42019123351).

Results
Two hundred seventy-two abstracts were identified, and 17 studies were included. Among the biomarkers evaluated, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; SMD, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 0.91), interleukin (IL)-6 (SMD, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.66), IL-8 (SMD, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.15 to 1.29), neutrophil count (SMD, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.47), and procalcitonin (SMD, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.15) were substantially increased in severe CAP. In contrast, IL-2 concentrations (SMD, –0.24; 95% CI, –0.45 to –0.03) were higher in nonsevere CAP. Study heterogeneity was reported to be high (I2 &gt; 75%), except for IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-12p70, which were classified as moderate (I2 = 50%–74%). Only neutrophil and white blood cell counts were described by studies exhibiting a low level of heterogeneity.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that host biomarkers, and especially CRP, IL-6, IL-8, and procalcitonin levels, have the potential to predict severe CAP in pediatric populations.
Application of nuclear magnetic resonance for analyzing metabolic characteristics of winter diatom blooms
Authors: Jeong Kwang-Seuk , Jeong Keon-Young , Hong Young-ShiCk , Kim Dong-Kyun , Oh Hye-Ji , Chang Kwang-Hyeon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We compared two metabolome profiles of a small centric diatom species, Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun., grown under conditions with enriched nutrients but different temperatures. This species proliferates in eutrophic rivers during winter. We investigated the population dynamics and internal metabolite changes of Stephanodiscus by performing a simple culture experiment at different temperatures (5 and 15°C). We applied the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique to fully grown cells to obtain the metabolite profiles of S. hantzschii. Growth rates were significantly different at different temperature conditions (0.99 ± 0.11 day−1 at 15°C and 0.21 ± 0.12 day−1 at 5°C, n = 10). Characterized metabolites included saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, AXP (including AMP, ADP and ATP), and UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, all of which are important for energy metabolism. These metabolites were abundant within S. hantzschii cells grown at 15°C but were not prolific in those grown at 5°C. Furthermore, other 1H NMR spectrum uncovered very little amounts of metabolites. Based on these observations of cell growth rate, although required nutrients were supplied, colder temperatures suppressed population growth through the deactivation of various internal metabolisms. Thus, winter proliferation of this species is opportunistic, implying that survival success led to dominance in freshwater ecosystems with neither resource competition nor grazing pressure.
Light exposure decreases infectivity of the Daphnia parasite Pasteuria ramosa
Authors: Overholt Erin P , Duffy Meghan A , Meeks Matthew P , Leach Taylor H , Williamson Craig E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Climate change is altering light regimes in lakes, which should impact disease outbreaks, since sunlight can harm aquatic pathogens. However, some bacterial endospores are resistant to damage from light, even surviving exposure to UV-C. We examined the sensitivity of Pasteuria ramosa endospores, an aquatic parasite infecting Daphnia zooplankton, to biologically relevant wavelengths of light. Laboratory exposure to increasing intensities of UV-B, UV-A, and visible light significantly decreased P. ramosa infectivity, though there was no effect of spore exposure on parasitic castration of infected hosts. P. ramosa is more sensitive than its Daphnia host to damage by longer wavelength UV-A and visible light; this may enable Daphnia to seek an optimal light environment in the water column, where both UV-B damage and parasitism are minimal. Studies of pathogen light sensitivity help us to uncover factors controlling epidemics in lakes, which is especially important given that water transparency is decreasing in many lakes.
The N-terminal 1–55 residues domain of pyruvate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli assembles as a dimer in solution
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Gong Zemao , Fang Han , Zhi Dongming , Tao Hu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) from Escherichia coli is a large protein complex consisting of multiple copies of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1ec), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2ec) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3ec). The N-terminal domain (NTD, residues 1–55) of E1ec plays a critical role in the interaction between E1ec and E2ec and the whole PDHc activity. Using circular dichroism, size-exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy, we show that the NTD of E1ec presents dimeric assembly under physiological condition. Pull-down and isothermal titration calorimetry binding assays revealed that the E2ec peripheral subunit-binding domain (PSBD) forms a very stable complex with the NTD, indicating the isolated NTD functionally interacts with PSBD and the truncated E1ec (E1ec∆NTD) does not interact with PSBD. These findings are important to understand the mechanism of PDHc and other thiamine-based multi-component enzymes.
The altered early components and the decisive later process underlying attention bias modification in social anxiety: evidence from event-related potentials
Authors: Pan Dong-ni , Wang Yi , Lei Zheng , Wang Yang , Li Xuebing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Attention bias modification (ABM) is a potential intervention in relieving social anxiety symptoms, while its underlying neural mechanisms are not yet understood. The current study included 63 college students with social anxiety. Participants were assigned to the attention modification program (AMP, n = 20), the attention control condition (ACC, n = 20) and the passive waiting group (PW, n = 23). Questionnaires and the emotional Stroop task with EEG recordings were used to assess whether and how the 4-week ABM period affected emotional symptoms and specific emotional processing. Results showed that the two training groups (AMP and ACC) produced comparable emotional improvements and both showed a decrease in negative bias compared with the PW group. The ERP results indicated that despite no significant ERP changes in the PW group, the ACC group exhibited a greater N1, whereas the AMP group exhibited a reduced VPP at the post-test stage compared to the pre-test stage. Besides, both training groups showed a similar late positive potential (LPP) reduction. Notably, the reduction in LPP was positively correlated with behavioral and symptom improvement. Thus, manipulations unique to ABM (face-target contingency) primarily modulate the early attention distribution of material-related stimuli. However, the clinical benefits of attention training may be due to later cognitive-affective mechanisms.
Effect of stage of maturity at harvest for forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) on eating behavior, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility when fed as hay to yearling beef heifers
Authors: Pursley Alex A , Biligetu Bill , Warkentin Tom , Lardner Herbert A , Penner Gregory B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the stage of maturity at harvest for pea hay (Pisum sativum L., c.v. CDC Horizon) on dry matter intake (DMI), eating behavior, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility when fed to beef heifers. Pea hay was cut at EARLY (defined to occur when flat pods were on one or more nodes), MID (when seeds filled the pods at one or more nodes and the leaves were changing from green to gold), and LATE (yellow dry seeds filled pods on most or all of the nodes and the pods and leaves had a yellow color) phases, and was cured in the field and baled. Six ruminally-cannulated Speckle Park heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 18-d periods including 12 d for adaptation, 2 d for measurement of ruminal pool sizes, and 4 d for the collection of eating behavior, ruminal pH, ruminal digesta, and feces. For all treatments, the respective pea hay was included at 40% of the dietary DM. Stage of maturity at harvest for pea hay did not affect total DMI, pea hay DMI, or the total short-chain fatty acid concentration in ruminal fluid with averages of 8.6 kg/d, 3.2 kg/d, and 96.55 mM, respectively. The duration of time spent ruminating decreased with advancing pea hay maturity when reported as min/d, min/kg DMI, and min/kg neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P ≤ 0.01). Mean ruminal pH also decreased with advancing pea maturity (P &lt; 0.01). The ruminal DM and undigested NDF corrected for OM pools were not affected by stage of maturity (P ≥ 0.55) nor was the rate of digestion for NDF. However, NDF passage rate decreased by 0.21%/h with advancing pea hay maturity (P = 0.02). Apparent total tract digestibility of NDF (average = 16.30%, P = 0.41) was not affected, but starch digestibility decreased from 96.10% to 93.08% with advancing pea hay maturity (P = 0.07). Overall, stage of maturity at harvest for pea hay does not appear to affect DMI or NDF digestibililty but decreases chewing activity, apparent total tract starch digestibility, ruminal pH, and ruminal NDF passage rate.
Propagating ice front induces gas bursts and ultrasonic acoustic emissions from freezing xylem
Authors: Lintunen Anna , Losso Adriano , Aalto Juho , Chan Tommy , Hölttä Teemu , Mayr Stefan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ice formation and propagation in the xylem of plants is a complex process. During freezing of xylem sap, gases dissolved in liquid sap are forced out of the ice lattice due to their low solubility in ice, and supersaturation of xylem sap as well as low water potential (Ѱ) are induced at the ice–liquid interface. Supersaturation of gases near the ice front may lead to bubble formation and potentially to cavitation and/or to burst of gases driven out from the branch. In this study, we investigated the origin and dynamics of freezing-related gas bursts and ultrasonic acoustic emissions (AEs), which are suggested to indicate cavitation. Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Salix caprea L. branch segments were exposed to frost cycles in a temperature test chamber, and CO2 efflux (indicating gas bursts) and AEs were recorded. On freezing, two-thirds of the observed gas bursts originated from the xylem and only one-third from the bark. Simultaneously with gas bursts, AEs were detected. Branch Ѱ affected both gas bursts and AEs, with high gas burst in saturated and dry samples but relevant AEs only in the latter. Repeated frost cycles led to decreasing gas burst volumes and AE activity. Experiments revealed that the expanding ice front in freezing xylem was responsible for observed gas bursts and AEs, and that branch Ѱ influenced both processes. Results also indicated that gas bursts and cavitation are independently induced by ice formation, though both may be relevant for bubble dynamics during freezing.
Megacode Simulation Training in Undergraduate Nursing Education
Authors: Duprey Melissa D. , Dunker Kimberly Silver 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The use of simulation to prepare new graduates to enter a dynamic workforce is an effective strategy to improve skill acquisition, critical thinking, and the training needed to care for complex patients. Megacode simulation was implemented in the undergraduate curriculum during the last semester prior to graduation. Students (n = 52) completed the Clinical Decision-Making Self-Confidence Scale; 95 percent were satisfied with the megacode experience and perceived the simulation training as beneficial in content knowledge and skill acquisition. Megacode simulation provided senior-level nursing students the opportunity to develop in their new role as graduate nurse.
Progressive Application of the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric in an Accelerated Undergraduate Program
Authors: Cason Melanie , Reibel Melody 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Clinical judgment is at the forefront for safe nursing practice and quality patient care and an increasing focus for success on the NCLEX-RN licensure exam. The ability to think critically and make sound clinical decisions is not intuitive for new graduates. This article describes the progressive application of an established tool, the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric, in a 16-month accelerated undergraduate program with simulation experiences. Student evaluations indicate the tool is valuable for helping students develop awareness of their progression in using clinical judgment skills and understanding the essential attributes of clinical judgment.
The Epidemiology of Sepsis in Chinese ICUs: A National Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Xie Jianfeng , Wang Hongliang , Kang Yan , Zhou Lixin , Liu Zhongmin , Qin Bingyu , Ma Xiaochun , Cao Xiangyuan , Chen Dechang , Lu Weihua , Yao Chen , Yu Kaijiang , Yao Xiaoqing , Shang Hongcai , Qiu Haibo , Yang Yi 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
We performed a national cross-sectional survey to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of patients with sepsis in ICU in China.

Design:
A cross-section survey study.

Setting:
Forty-four hospitals in mainland China from December 1, 2015, to January 31, 2016.

Patients:
All septic patients diagnosed according sepsis-1 criteria admitted to participating ICU.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We recorded demographic, physiologic, and microbiological data with follow-up for 90 days or death, if sooner. The frequency of sepsis and 90-day mortality rate were computed, and the relationship with gross domestic product determined. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for 90-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Two-thousand three-hundred twenty-two patients with sepsis were included in the analysis, of whom 786 patients (33.9%) had hospital-acquired sepsis. The most common infection site was the lung (68.2%), followed by abdomen (26.6%) and bloodstream (7.8%). The frequency of sepsis in the ICU was 20.6 cases per 100 ICU admissions (95% CI, 15.8–25.4) with a 90-day mortality of 35.5%. The proportion of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock were 3.10%, 43.6%, and 53.3% with a 90-day mortality of 2.78%, 17.69%, and 51.94%, respectively. Older age, low body weight, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, the number of systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, comorbid with heart failure, hematologic cancer, immunosuppression, higher level of lactate, infection site (pneumonia and bloodstream) were associated with 90-day mortality.

Conclusions:
Sepsis affects a fifth of patients admitted to ICUs in mainland China with a 90-day mortality rate of 35.5%. Our findings indicate that a large burden of sepsis, and we need to focus on sepsis as a quality improvement target in China given the high mortality. In addition, further studies are needed to delineate the epidemiology of sepsis outside the ICU.
Initial Psychometric Testing of the Knowledge About Atrial Fibrillation and Self-Management Survey
Authors: McCabe Pamela J. , Sendin Mary Janette , Stuart-Mullen Lynette , Kronebusch Beckie , Fowler Susan , Krecke Catherine , Kopecky Stephen 
Published: December 2019

Background
Guidelines endorse educating patients to self-manage atrial fibrillation (AF) to mitigate AF-related adverse events contributing to personal and societal burden. Published interventions to improve patients' knowledge about AF and self-management are emerging, but evaluations of interventions are limited by lack of a psychometrically sound instrument to measure learning outcomes.

Objective
We report results of initial psychometric testing of the Knowledge about Atrial Fibrillation and Self-Management (KAFSM) survey.

Methods
Participants (N = 383), from midwest and southeast medical centers, completed the KAFSM survey. Content validity was evaluated by expert review. Construct validity was evaluated using the Pearson correlation procedure for convergent validity with the Knowledge about Atrial Fibrillation test and independent t test for known groups. Factor analysis using principal axis factoring was performed with a tetrachoric matrix. The Kuder-Richardson procedure was used to determine internal consistency reliability.

Results
A content validity index of 0.86 resulted from expert review. A positive (r = 0.60) correlation between the KAFSM survey and Knowledge about Atrial Fibrillation test demonstrated convergent validity. Higher KAFSM scores (difference, 3.28; t = 6.44, P < .001) observed in participants who underwent AF ablation compared with those with an AF diagnosis of less than or equal to 6 months supported known groups validity. Factor analysis revealed a single-factor structure explaining 35% of the variance. The Kuder-Richardson coefficient was 0.86.

Conclusions
The KAFSM survey demonstrates content and construct validity and internal consistency reliability. Implementation of the KAFSM in the clinical setting will permit evaluation of the feasibility of its use and value to assess learning outcomes of AF education.
Predictive value of Tpeak-Tend interval for ventricular arrhythmia and mortality in heart failure patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
Authors: Xue Cong , Hua Wei , Cai Chi , Ding Li-Gang , Niu Hong-Xia , Fan Xiao-Han , Liu Zhi-Min , Gu Min , Zhao Yun-Zi , Zhang Shu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
Tpeak-Tend interval (TpTe), a measurement of transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR), has been shown to predict ventricular tachyarrhythmia in cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) patients. However, the ability of TpTe to predict ventricular tachyarrhythmia and mortality for heart failure patients with a cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is not clear. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive ability of TpTe in heart failure patients with ICD.

Methods and results:
We enrolled 318 heart failure patients treated after ICD. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their post-implantation TpTe values and were evaluated every 6 months. The primary endpoint was appropriate ICD therapy. The secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality. During long-term follow-up, the TpTe > 110 ms group (n = 111) experienced more VT/VF episodes (45%) and all-cause mortality (25.2%) than the TpTe 90–110 ms group (n = 109) (26.4%, 14.5%) and TpTe < 90 ms group (n = 98) (11.3%, 11.3%) (overall P < .05, respectively). In Cox regression, longer post-implantation TpTe was associated with an increased number of VT/VF episodes [HR: 1.017; 95% CI: 1.008-1.026; P < .001], all-cause mortality [HR: 1.015; 95% CI: 1.004-1.027; P = .010] and the combined endpoint [HR: 1.018; 95%CI: 1.010-1.026; P < .001].

Conclusions:
Post-implantation TpTe was an independent predictor of both ventricular arrhythmias and all-cause mortality in heart failure patients with an implanted ICD.