bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telemedicine During COVID‐19 for Outpatient Sports and Musculoskeletal Medicine Physicians
Authors: Tenforde Adam S. , Iaccarino Mary A. , Borgstrom Haylee , Hefner Jaye E. , Silver Julie , Ahmed Marwa , Babu Ashwin N. , Blauwet Cheri A. , Elson Lauren , Eng Christine , Kotler Dana , Homer Scott , Makovitch Steven , McInnis Kelly C. , Vora Ariana , Borg‐Stein Joanne 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe global pandemic due to SARS‐CoV‐2 has resulted in an expansion of telemedicine. Measures of quality and barriers for rapid use by patients and physicians are not well described.ObjectiveTo describe results from a quality improvement initiative during a rapid adoptive phase of telemedicine during the pandemic.DesignPatient and physician satisfaction with synchronous audiovisual telemedicine visits was measured during the early adoptive phase (6 April 2020‐17 April 2020) within the division of sports medicine in an academic Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) department. Patients were invited to participate in a quality improvement initiative by completing an online survey at the end of a telemedicine visit. Physicians completed a separate survey.Primary Outcome MeasuresPatient measures included visit type, duration of encounter, quality, and satisfaction. Physicians reported on experiences performed telemedicine.ResultsSurveys were completed by 119 patients (293 telemedicine encounters, response rate 40.6%) and 14 physiatrists. Telemedicine was utilized primarily for follow‐up visits (n = 74, 70.6%), and the most common duration was 15 to 29 minutes. Patients rated their telemedicine visit as “excellent” or “very good” across measures (91.6%‐95.0%) including addressing concerns, communication, developing a treatment plan, convenience, and satisfaction. Value of completing a future telemedicine visit was measured at 84.9%. Most reported estimated travel time saved was in excess of 30 minutes. Rate of no‐show was 2.7%. Most physicians (57.1%) had no prior experience with telemedicine visits, and most were comfortable performing these visits after completing 1 to 4 sessions (71%). Nearly all physicians (92.9%) rated their telemedicine experience as very good or excellent. The key barrier identified for telemedicine was technical issues. All physicians reported plans to perform telemedicine visits if reimbursement continues.ConclusionsIn summary, rapid expansion of telemedicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic was well‐received by a majority of patients and physicians. This suggests feasibility in rapid expansion of telemedicine for other outpatient sports medicine practices.
Terbutaline and aminophylline as second‐line therapies for status asthmaticus in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Stulce Casey , Gouda Suzanne , Said Sana J. , Kane Jason M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveAsthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Although asthma admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are increasing, there are no evidence‐based guidelines on preferred escalation of therapies for patients with status asthmaticus who fail to respond to inhaled bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of PICU patients receiving aminophylline versus terbutaline as second‐tier therapies for status asthmaticus.DesignRetrospective cohort study using Pediatric Health Information System from 2016‐2019.SettingFifty‐three tertiary children's hospitals.SubjectsChildren aged 2 to 18 years admitted to the PICU in children's hospitals contributing data to the Pediatric Health Information System with a primary diagnosis of status asthmaticus.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsOf 11 133 pediatric patients treated for status asthmaticus in the PICU during the study period, 1144 received either terbutaline or aminophylline. There was no difference in intubation and mechanical ventilation between patients who received aminophylline and those who received terbutaline. However, in African American patients, those who received terbutaline had a significantly higher odds of intubation and mechanical ventilation compared to those who received aminophylline (OR, 12.41; 95%CI, 1.61,95).ConclusionsThe use of aminophylline is associated with lower odds of intubation and mechanical ventilation in African American patients with status asthmaticus as compared to terbutaline.
Antitumor efficacy of interferon‐γ‐modified exosomal vaccine in prostate cancer
Authors: Shi Xiaojun , Sun Jie , Li Haoran , Lin Hao , Xie Weiwei , Li Jinlong , Tan Wanlong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundExosomes secreted by tumor cells can be regarded as carriers of tumor‐associated antigens and have potential value in tumor immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of a novel exosomal vaccine (interferon‐γ [IFN‐γ]‐modified exosomal vaccine) in prostate cancer.MethodsProstate cancer cell‐derived exosomes were used to prepare the exosomal vaccine using our protein‐anchoring technique. The immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of the exosomes was evaluated by measuring the effects of the exosomal vaccine on M1 macrophage differentiation, the ability of macrophages to engulf the exosomes, the production of antibodies against exosomes, and tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and tumor growth.ResultsThe IFN‐γ fusion protein was efficiently anchored on the surface of prostate cancer cell‐derived exosomes and retained its bioactivity. The IFN‐γ‐exosomal vaccine increased the number of M1 macrophages, enhanced the ability of M1 macrophages to engulf RM‐1 cell‐derived exosomes, and induced the production of specific antibodies against exosomes. The exosomal vaccine downregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and attenuated the effect of exosomes in promoting tumor metastasis. The proportions of CD4+, CD8+, and IFN‐γ+CD8+ T cells in the exosomal vaccine group were the highest among the four groups. Interestingly, the IFN‐γ‐exosomal vaccine decreased the percentage of Tregs and downregulated the expression of programed death‐ligand 1 and indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase 1 in the tumor environment. The exosomal vaccine significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of mice with prostate cancer. The exosomal and tumor cell vaccines had a good synergistic effect in promoting tumor immunity.ConclusionsThe novel exosomal vaccine induced an immune response that cleared prostate cancer cell‐derived exosomes, thereby eliminating the regulatory effect of the exosomes. This study may provide experimental evidence for the use of exosomes as a therapeutic tool or target in immunotherapy for human prostate cancer.
Electronic perturbation effects in the presence of electric field for π‐conjugated systems: An electron‐correlation study
Authors: Zakharov Anton B. , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Adamowicz Ludwik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, the Coulson‐Longuet‐Higgins response function (atom‐atomic polarizabilities [AAPs]) is used to describe the transfer of an electron perturbation in π‐conjugated systems in the presence of a static electric field. Computations are performed using different many‐electron approaches to study the effect. An accurate account of the electron correlation is shown to play a key role in the description of the interaction of a π‐shell with the external electrostatic field. Studies in this work reveal that the Hückel theory widely used in calculations of electron‐perturbation transfer is not reliable even at the qualitative level to describe the effects studies in this work. However, the π‐electron coupled cluster theory has been proven capable of providing a reliable electronic structure (among them, AAPs and excitation energies) that agree with the results obtained with the π‐electron full configuration‐interaction approach. The calculations also show that these properties have an essentially nonlinear character in terms of the strength of the applied electric field. The results obtained in the present work can provide useful information relevant to the application of π‐conjugated systems in molecular electronics.
Highly improved carbon dioxide sensitivity and selectivity of black phosphorene sensor by vacancy doping: A quantum chemical perspective
Authors: Ghashghaee Mohammad , Ghambarian Mehdi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe adsorption and sensing properties of a carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule on the pristine (BP) and vacancy‐doped (DP) black phosphorusmono layers have been investigated using the periodic density functional theory at Heyd‐Scuseria‐Ernzerhof (HSE06)/triple‐zeta valence polarization (TZVP). For both sensors, the most stable structures among the recognized possibilities preferred a linear configuration for carbon dioxide, with a shorter equilibrium distance (2.13 Å) on the defect‐containing surface. Although carbon dioxide was weakly physiosorbed on both phosphorene sensors (up to −2.52 kcal/mol), the defect‐engineered material presented highly improved sensitivity (by a factor of 6.6) to CO2 compared to the pristine layer. The former was also a (2.6 times) better work function sensor of carbon dioxide. At the same time, recovery was extremely fast (lasting for 70 ps at most) at room temperature. The selectivity coefficient of carbon dioxide was also strikingly high (64.0). The improved nanosensor would be a step forward in the rational design of highly sensitive and reusable detectors of carbon dioxide.
Relating four‐day soil respiration to corn nitrogen fertilizer needs across 49 U.S. Midwest fields
Authors: Bean G. Mac , Kitchen Newell R. , Veum Kristen S. , Camberato James J. , Ferguson Richard B. , Fernandez Fabian G. , Franzen David W. , Laboski Carrie A.M. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Sawyer John E. , Yost Matt 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoil microbes drive biological functions that mediate chemical and physical processes necessary for plants to sustain growth. Laboratory soil respiration has been proposed as one universal soil health indicator representing these functions, potentially informing crop and soil management decisions. Research is needed to test the premise that soil respiration is helpful for profitable in‐season nitrogen (N) rate management decisions in corn (Zea mays L.). The objective of this research was two‐fold: (i) determine if the amount of N applied at the time of planting effected soil respiration, and (ii) evaluate the relationship of soil respiration to corn yield response to fertilizer N application. A total of 49 N response trials were conducted across eight states over three growing seasons (2014–2016). The 4‐day Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health (CASH) soil respiration method was used to quantify soil respiration. Averaged over all sites, N fertilization did not impact soil respiration, but at four sites soil respiration decreased as N fertilizer rate applied at‐planting increased. Across all site‐years, soil respiration was moderately related to the economical optimum N rate (EONR) (r2 = 0.21). However, when analyzed by year, soil respiration was more strongly related to EONR in 2016 (r2 = 0.50) and poorly related for the first two years (r2 < 0.20). These results illustrate the factors influencing the ability of laboratory soil respiration to estimate corn N response, including growing‐season weather, and the potential of fusing soil respiration with other soil and weather measurements for improved N fertilizer recommendations.
What Does It Means to be Truly “Interdisciplinary”?
Authors: Akabayashi Akira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBefore concluding this work, let us return to some bioethical theories. The theme of the present chapter is integral to bioethics. My main intent is for each reader to revisit his or her definition of the meaning of “interdisciplinary,” a core term in discussions of bioethics. The manner in which this term is used varies widely. At the simplest level, “interdisciplinary” is used to indicate that researchers and others from multiple academic fields have collected together their own individual theories on a particular topic. However, it is worth wondering how much each researcher actually understands the writings and thoughts of those in other fields. In the present chapter, I first ask what is required to be truly “interdisciplinary” and present a sport ethics article my colleagues and I wrote as an experiment to demonstrate these points. My hope is that my readers will consider how this article could be changed in order for it to be understood better by as many readers as possible.
Rebirthing Bioethics: Going Global
Authors: Akabayashi Akira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis final chapter and the epilogue to follow revisit the idea of global bioethics. I begin by describing my experiences both as a member of the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee and in the field of international healthcare, challenging the current practices and academic discussion surrounding global bioethics, including that of global health. I cite the formative article by Van Rensselaer Potter as a way to question further the current state of the discussion concerning both the academic field and practice of global bioethics, arguing that the terms and the use therein all originate in the West. I explain my dissatisfaction with the discussion among researchers about the ongoing debate concerning universalism versus relativism. I then propose to discard the overarching term, “global bioethics,” suggesting instead the use of a more challenging term that will fit future discussion. However, discarding the current terminology alone is insufficient. Therefore, I discuss what Japan could contribute to the establishment of new terminology. I conclude by reiterating the purpose of this book, calling for others worldwide to write their own versions, in order to facilitate a true international dialogue in bioethics.
The Dimension of the Boundary of a Liouville Quantum Gravity Metric Ball
Authors: Gwynne Ewain 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLet $$\gamma \in (0,2)$$

γ
∈
(
0
,
2
)

, let h be the planar Gaussian free field, and consider the $$\gamma $$
γ
-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) metric associated with h. We show that the essential supremum of the Hausdorff dimension of the boundary of a $$\gamma $$
γ
-LQG metric ball with respect to the Euclidean (resp. $$\gamma $$
γ
-LQG) metric is $$2 - \frac{\gamma }{d_\gamma }\left( \frac{2}{\gamma } + \frac{\gamma }{2} \right) + \frac{\gamma ^2}{2d_\gamma ^2}$$

2
-

γ

d
γ

2
γ

+

γ
2

+

γ
2

2

d
γ
2

(resp. $$d_\gamma -1$$

d
γ

-
1

), where $$d_\gamma $$

d
γ

is the Hausdorff dimension of the whole plane with respect to the $$\gamma $$
γ
-LQG metric. For $$\gamma = \sqrt{8/3}$$

γ
=

8
/
3

, in which case $$d_{\sqrt{8/3}}=4$$

d

8
/
3

=
4

, we get that the essential supremum of Euclidean (resp. $$\sqrt{8/3}$$

8
/
3

-LQG) dimension of a $$\sqrt{8/3}$$

8
/
3

-LQG ball boundary is 5/4 (resp. 3). We also compute the essential suprema of the Euclidean and $$\gamma $$
γ
-LQG Hausdorff dimensions of the intersection of a $$\gamma $$
γ
-LQG ball boundary with the set of metric $$\alpha $$
α
-thick points of the field h for each $$\alpha \in \mathbb R$$

α
∈
R

. Our results show that the set of $$\gamma /d_\gamma $$

γ
/

d
γ

-thick points on the ball boundary has full Euclidean dimension and the set of $$\gamma $$
γ
-thick points on the ball boundary has full $$\gamma $$
γ
-LQG dimension.
Disparities in Adult and Pediatric Trauma Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sanchez Carol , Shaikh Saamia , Dowd Brianna , Santos Radleigh , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough safeguards requiring emergency care are provided regardless of a patient's payor status, disparate outcomes have been reported in trauma populations. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine whether race/ethnicity or insurance status had an effect on mortality and to systematically present the literature in the adult and pediatric trauma populations during the last decade.MethodsAn online search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and SAGE Journals was performed for publications from January 2009 to March 2019. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used. The GRADE Working Group criteria were utilized to assess the evidence quality. A meta‐analysis was conducted to compare mortality between insured/uninsured and Caucasian/non‐Caucasian patients.ResultsOur search revealed 680 publications that qualified for evaluation. Of these, 41 were included in the final analysis. Twenty‐six studies included adults only, nine studies included pediatric patients only, and six studies evaluated both. Twelve studies evaluated the effects of race/ethnicity, 18 examined insurance status, and 11 investigated both. Uninsured patients had 22% greater odds of death than insured patients (OR 1.22; CI 1.21–1.24). Non‐Caucasian patients had 18% greater risk of death than Caucasian patients (OR 1.18; CI 1.17–1.20).ConclusionBoth the adult and pediatric trauma populations suffer outcome disparities based on race/ethnicity and insurance status. Overall, patients without insurance coverage and minority groups (i.e., non‐Caucasians) had worse outcomes, as measured by odds of death and all‐cause mortality.
LPS-induced expression and release of monocyte tissue factor in patients with haemophilia
Authors: Holstein Katharina , Matysiak Anna , Witt Leonora , Sievers Bianca , Beckmann Lennart , Haddad Munif , Renné Thomas , Voigtlaender Minna , Langer Florian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn haemophilia, thrombin generation and fibrin deposition upon vascular injury critically depend on the tissue factor (TF)-driven coagulation pathway. TF expression by monocytes/macrophages and circulating microvesicles contributes to haemostasis, thrombosis and inflammation. Inflammation is a hallmark of blood-induced joint disease. The aim of this study is to correlate TF production by whole-blood monocytes with inflammatory markers and clinical parameters in patients with moderate-to-severe haemophilia A or B (n = 43) in comparison to healthy males (n = 23). Monocyte TF antigen and microvesicle-associated TF procoagulant activity (MV TF PCA) were measured immediately after blood draw (baseline) and following incubation of whole blood with buffer or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using two-colour flow cytometry and chromogenic FXa generation assay, respectively. Patients with HIV or uncontrolled HBV/HCV infections were excluded. TF was hardly detectable and not different in baseline and buffer-treaded samples from both groups. Stimulation with LPS, however, induced monocyte TF production, with increased TF-specific mean fluorescence intensity (P = 0.08) and MV TF PCA (P < 0.05) in patients compared to controls. Patients also had elevated hs-CRP and IL-6 serum levels (P < 0.001), which correlated with LPS-induced TF parameters. Further exploratory analyses revealed that the presence of systemic (low-grade) inflammation and boosted LPS-induced monocyte TF production were mainly restricted to patients with clinically controlled HBV and/or HCV infection (n = 16), who were older and also had a significantly worse orthopaedic joint score than patients with no history of viral hepatitis (P < 0.01). Our study delineates a previously unrecognised link between systemic inflammation and inducible monocyte TF production in patients with haemophilia A or B.
Age at surgery and recurrence of ovarian endometrioma after conservative surgery: a meta-analysis including 3125 patients
Authors: Yang Fang , Liu Baoqin , Xu Lin , Liu Hong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the association between age at surgery and recurrence rate of endometrioma. Data sources PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to October 2019.

Methods
We determined the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the relationship between age at surgery and the recurrence rate of endometrioma after surgery. Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression was used to assess any publication bias.

Results
A total of 3125 patients from 10 studies were finally enrolled in this meta-analysis. The recurrence rate decreased with increasing age (RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.91–0.95, P = 0.451). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the pooled RR was 0.926 (95% CI 0.906–0.947, P < 0.001) for a cut-off < 35, and 0.886 (95% CI 0.775–1.040, P = 0.14) for a cut-off ≥ 35. Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test showed no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggested that younger age might be a high-risk factor for the recurrence of ovarian endometrioma after conservative surgery.
Particular findings on lung CT in patients undergoing immunotherapy for bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Beer Lucian , Hochmair Maximilian , Kifjak Daria , Haug Alexander R. , Prayer Florian , Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Herold Christian , Prosch Helmut 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a valuable tool in the therapeutic strategy against metastasized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as they represent an effective and safe treatment option for many patients; however, the treatment response and side effects of this class of drugs can considerably differ compared to classical chemotherapeutics. The aim of this study was to highlight specific radiological pulmonary findings of NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods and results
Medical records and images of prospectively collected data from 70 patients with advanced NSCLC, treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, were reviewed. Of the patients two experienced an initial increase in tumor size, followed by a decrease in tumor size that was described as pseudoprogression. Another patient developed a sarcoid-like reaction accompanied by clinical improvements and radiological treatment response. A further two patients developed immune checkpoint-associated pulmonary injury that was clinically and radiologically classified as pneumonitis, which responded well to anti-inflammatory treatment.

Conclusion
Management of patients with NSCLC using immune checkpoint inhibitors requires a knowledge of specific clinical and radiological findings. Both oncologists and radiologists have to be aware of the most common types, including atypical response patterns, such as a sarcoid-like reaction and pseudoprogression as well as of the pulmonary side effects that can encompass pneumonitis.
The Impact of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Cognitive Behavioural Instructions on Safety Learning
Authors: Wake Shannon , van Reekum Carien M. , Dodd Helen , Morriss Jayne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifficulty updating threat associations to safe associations has been observed in individuals who score high in self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU). Here we sought to determine whether an instruction based on fundamental principles of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy could promote safety learning in individuals with higher levels of IU, whilst controlling for self-reported trait anxiety (STICSA).MethodsWe measured skin conductance response, pupil dilation and expectancy ratings during an associative threat learning task in which participants either received a cognitive behavioural instruction or no instruction prior to threat extinction (n = 92).ResultsAnalyses revealed that both self-reported IU and STICSA similarly predicted differences in skin conductance response. Only individuals with lower IU/STICSA in the cognitive behavioural instruction condition displayed successful safety learning via skin conductance response.ConclusionsThese initial results provide some insight into how simple cognitive behavioural instructions combined with exposure are applied differently in individuals with varying levels of self-reported anxiety. The results further our understanding of the role of basic cognitive behavioural principles and self-reported anxiety in safety learning.