bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genesis of S‐type Granites in the Pengshan Sn‐polymetallic Ore Field, Northern Jiangxi Province and its Implications
Authors: YIN Qingqing , XIANG Xinkui , YU Zhendong , YANG Xiufeng , WANG Tianchen , ZHONG Bo , TAN Rong , LIAO Jianhai , ZHU Yuansong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Pengshan Sn‐polymetallic ore field is located in the southeastern part of the Yangtze block, spanning the southeast edge of the MLYDZ and the northern edge of the mid‐segment of the Jiangnan Uplift, and on one side of the MLYDZ. The studies of LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb chronology and petrogeochemistry for Early Cretaceous acid granites from the Pengshan ore field were carried out in this paper. We report zircon U–Pb geochronology and whole‐rock geochemistry for acid granites in the Pengshan ore field. The zircon U–Pb ages of the muscovite‐granite, biotite adamellite and granite‐porphyry are 127.6 ± 1.7 Ma, 126.9 ± 1.6 Ma and 126.6 ± 2.0 Ma, respectively. The granites in Pengshan are characterized by a high silicon content and are rich in alkali. They belong to high‐potassium, calc‐alkaline, peraluminous granite. The rocks have a relatively high Rb/Ba ratio, and the data points for muscovite‐granite and biotite adamellite all fall within the clay‐rich sources region, near the pelite‐derived end‐member, showing that the Pengshan muscovite‐granite and biotite adamellite mainly originated from the partial melting of metapelites with high maturity. The transformation of the compressional and extensional tectonics in this region approximately 128 Ma obviously lags behind that in the mid‐segment of the Jiangnan Uplift (135 Ma), but occurred earlier than the MLYDZ (126 Ma). The Pengshan ore field extends from the mid‐segment of the Jiangnan Uplift to the MLYDZ. Although the tectonic stress field is constrained by the combination of the two secondary tectonic units, the time of tectonic system transformation is closer to the MLYDZ because the spatial orientation of the area is enclosed in the MLYDZ. Relevant geophysical and drilling data confirm the rationality of Pengshan–Ao'xia as a multi‐center vertical zoning ore field, and show the scientificity of the prospecting idea of abutting joint between the north‐west of Pengshan area and the south‐east of Ao'xia area.
Role of chemotherapy for survival in patients with second primary non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Zhile , Wu Yijun , Wang Li , Gong Liang , Han Chang , Xie Fucun , Li Shanqing 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe therapeutic effect of chemotherapy is still unclear for clinical usage among second primary non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this study was to verify the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy and identify the prognostic factors among patients who had received chemotherapy for second primary NSCLC.MethodsA retrospective cohort was constructed based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, univariate Cox and multivariate Cox regression, we identified the prognostic factors among clinicopathological features. Propensity score matching analysis was used to verify the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. Survival curves were plotted among the subgroups of the selected factors. We further selected clinicopathological features that would affect the prognosis among patients who had received chemotherapy through a similar process.ResultsA total of 769 patients were enrolled to verify the therapeutic value of chemotherapy for second primary lung cancer. Significant differences were observed between the chemotherapy and nonchemotherapy group for cancer‐specific survival. 215 patients who had received chemotherapy were analyzed to identify the factors that might influence outcome on the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. Age, tumor size, histology and treatment were selected as significant factors.ConclusionsThe therapeutic effect of chemotherapy for second primary NSCLC was found to be significant. Age, tumor size and histology were significant prognostic factors among patients who had received chemotherapy for second primary NSCLC.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study
A significant therapeutic effect of chemotherapy for second primary non‐small cell lung cancer was proven through univariate Cox regression and propensity score matching analysis.
Prognostic factors for second primary non‐small cell lung cancer patients who had received chemotherapy.
What this study adds
Chemotherapy could be applied in clinical practice as an additional therapeutic method for second primary non‐small cell lung cancer patients.
We selected prognostic factors for patients who had received chemotherapy to identify patients who were appropriate for chemotherapy.
A novel digital clock drawing test as a screening tool for perioperative neurocognitive disorders: A feasibility study
Authors: Buckley Richard A. , Atkins Kelly J. , Fortunato Erika , Silbert Brendan , Scott David A. , Evered Lisbeth 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWe developed a digital clock drawing test (dCDT), an adaptation of the original pen and paper clock test, that may be advantageous over previous dCDTs in the perioperative environment. We trialed our dCDT on a tablet device in the preoperative period to determine the feasibility of administration in this setting. To assess the clinical utility of this test, we examined the relationship between the performance on the test and compared derived digital clock measures with the 4 A's Test (4AT), a delirium and cognition screening tool.MethodsWe recruited a sample of 102 adults aged 65 years and over presenting for elective surgery in a single tertiary hospital. Participants completed the 4AT, followed by both command and copy clock conditions of the dCDT. We recorded time‐based clock‐drawing metrics, alongside clock replications scored using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) clock scoring criteria.ResultsThe dCDT had an acceptance rate of 99%. After controlling for demographic variables and prior tablet use, regression analyses showed higher 4AT scores were associated with greater dCDT time (seconds) for both command (β = 8.2, P = .020) and copy clocks (β = 12, P = .005) and lower MoCA‐based clock scores in both command (OR = 0.19, P = .001) and copy conditions (OR = 0.14, P = .012).ConclusionThe digital clock drawing test is feasible to administer and is highly acceptable to older adults in a preoperative setting. We demonstrated a significant association between both the dCDT time and clock score metrics, with the established 4AT. Our results provide convergent validity of the dCDT in the preoperative setting.
Resting state hypothalamic and dorsomedial prefrontal cortical connectivity of the periaqueductal gray in cocaine addiction
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Zhornitsky Simon , Wang Wuyi , Le Thang M. , Dhingra Isha , Chen Yu , Li Chiang‐shan R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCocaine‐dependent (CD) individuals demonstrate significant anxiety and dysphoria during withdrawal, a negative emotional state that may perpetuate drug seeking and consumption. An extensive body of work has focused on characterizing reward circuit dysfunction, but relatively little is known about the pain circuit during cocaine withdrawal. In an earlier study, we highlighted how cue‐elicited functional connectivity between the periaqueductal gray (PAG), a subcortical hub of the pain circuit, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex supports tonic craving in recently abstinent CD. The functional organization of the brain can be characterized by intrinsic connectivities, and it is highly likely that the resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the PAG may also be altered in association with cocaine use variables. Here, we examined this issue in 52 CD and 52 healthy control (HC) participants. Imaging data were processed with published routines, and the findings were evaluated with a corrected threshold. In a covariance analysis, CD as compared with HC showed higher PAG rsFC with the hypothalamus, dorsomedial prefrontal, and inferior parietal cortices. Further, these connectivities were correlated negatively with tonic cocaine craving and recent cocaine use, respectively. Higher hypothalamic and frontoparietal rsFC with the PAG may reflect a compensatory process to regulate craving and compulsive drug use. The findings provide additional evidence in humans implicating the PAG circuit and may help research of the role of negative reinforcement in sustaining habitual drug use in cocaine addiction.
Characteristics of oxycodone‐related ambulance attendances: analysis of temporal trends and the effect of reformulation in Victoria, Australia from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Nielsen Suzanne , Sanfilippo Paul G. , Scott Debbie , Lam Tina , Smith Karen , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsIn Australia, oxycodone has been associated with increasing rates of harm over time, despite reduced use, reformulation to a tamper‐resistant form and in contrast to most prescription opioids. We explored characteristics of oxycodone‐related ambulance attendances to understand whether presentation characteristics could explain increasing oxycodone harm.DesignRetrospective study of coded ambulance patient care records related to extramedical oxycodone use, January 2013 to September 2018.SettingVictoria, Australia.CasesA total of 2788 oxycodone‐related ambulance attendances.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were temporal changes in characteristics of oxycodone presentations over time (from 2013 to 2018) and following reformulation. Covariates include demographic characteristics, presentation severity, mental health, substance use and poisoning intent.FindingsAverage age was 41.3 (± 16.4) years with females comprising 56.4% of attendances (n = 2788). The proportion of females in oxycodone‐related attendances increased over time [an average increase in the odds ratios of 5% per year (OR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.10]. Other temporal trends included a reduced likelihood of naloxone administration (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85–1.00), heroin involvement (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66–0.99), comorbid mental health symptoms (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.82–0.92) and unknown intent poisoning (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85–0.96); and a greater risk of alcohol involvement (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01–1.11), non‐opioid extramedical pharmaceutical use (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01–1.10), comorbid suicidal thoughts or behaviours (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.05–1.15) and past history of psychiatric issues (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.16–1.27). Interrupted time–series analysis showed that reformulation was associated with an immediate effect on sex, severity, accidental poisoning and unknown intent poisoning, although these were not sustained over time. Alcohol involvement in the attendance (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.17–1.74, i.e. an average increase in the odds of 43% per year), Glasgow Coma Scale (OR = 1.28, 95%CI 1.04 – 1.57), a previous history of psychiatric issues (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.70–0.92, i.e. an average decrease in the odds of 20% per year, heroin involvement (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.05 – 0.98) and illicit drug use (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23 – 0.87) showed statistically significant relative changes following the reformulation.ConclusionsThe characteristics of oxycodone presentations in Australian ambulances attendances appear to be changing over time, including more female presentations; increasing alcohol use, extramedical use of non‐opioid pharmaceuticals and suicidal thoughts or behaviours and decreasing heroin and illicit drug involvement.
Constructing a representative in‐silico population for paediatric simulations: Application to HIV‐positive African children
Authors: Wasmann Roeland E. , Svensson Elin M. , Walker A. Sarah , Clements Michelle N. , Denti Paolo 
Published: December 2020

AimsSimulations are an essential tool for investigating scenarios in pharmacokinetics‐pharmacodynamics. The models used during simulation often include the effect of highly correlated covariates such as weight, height and sex, and for children also age, which complicates the construction of an in silico population. For this reason, a suitable and representative patient population is crucial for the simulations to produce meaningful results. For simulation in paediatric patients, international growth charts from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide a reference, but these may not always be representative for specific populations, such as malnourished children with HIV or acutely unwell children.MethodsWe present a workflow to construct a virtual paediatric patient population using WHO and CDC growth charts, suggest piecewise linear functions to adjust the median of the growth charts by sex and age, and suggest visual diagnostics to compare with the target population. We applied this workflow in a population of 1206 HIV‐positive African children, consisting of 19 742 observations with weight ranging from 3.8 to 79.7 kg, height from 55.5 to 180 cm, and an age between 0.40 and 18 years.ResultsBefore adjustment, the WHO and CDC charts produced weights and heights higher compared to the observed data. After applying our methodology, we could simulate weight, height, sex and age combinations in good agreement with the observed data.ConclusionThe methodology presented here is flexible and may be applied to other scenarios where WHO and CDC growth standards might not be appropriate. In addition we provide R scripts and a large ready‐to‐use paediatric population.
Characteristics of mobile phone use in adolescents identified with mild intellectual disability who attend special schools in Serbia and their non‐disabled peers in mainstream schools
Authors: Glumbić Nenad , Brojčin Branislav , Đorđević Mirjana , Žunić‐Pavlović Vesna 
Published: December 2020

Accessible summary

The aim of this research was to identify possible differences in how non‐disabled adolescents and their peers identified with mild intellectual disability use mobile phones.

The sample comprised 420 non‐disabled participants and 67 participants identified with mild intellectual disability.

Non‐disabled adolescents used these devices more often than their peers identified with mild intellectual disability.

Adolescents identified with mild intellectual disability should be encouraged to expand the use of mobile phones.

AbstractBackgroundMobile phones are multifunctional devices which allow adolescents to belong to their peer group, communicate with them, and also expand their digital interactions. The aim of this research was to identify possible differences in the areas and ways of mobile phone use in non‐disabled adolescents and their peers identified with mild intellectual disability of both genders.Materials and MethodsThe sample comprised 420 non‐disabled participants and 67 participants identified with mild intellectual disability, aged 15–19 years in Serbia. Areas of mobile phone use were assessed through a questionnaire developed for this research, while the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale was used to assess problematic mobile phone use.ResultsIn all assessed areas, it was observed that non‐disabled students used mobile phones more frequently, except in Skype video calls, which were used significantly more often by participants identified with mild intellectual disability. The obtained results demonstrate that girls used mobile phones more frequently than boys for schoolwork, daily communication with family and friends, fun activities, sending and receiving text messages, taking photographs, and making videos. With regard to problematic mobile phone use, a significant gender difference was observed only in the subsample of non‐disabled participants where girls used mobile phones in a problematic way much more frequently.ConclusionsAdolescents identified with mild intellectual disability should be encouraged to expand the use of mobile phones with appropriate monitoring and education so that their use does not become problematic.
The use of growth hormone therapy in adults with Prader‐Willi syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Frixou Mikaela , Vlek Diane , Lucas‐Herald Angela K. , Keir Lindsay , Kyriakou Andreas , Shaikh M. Guftar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveDespite clear benefits in the management of children with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), the role of growth hormone (GH) in adults is unclear. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effects of GH on body composition, bone health and cardiovascular health in adults with PWS.DesignA systematic computerized literature search of the PubMed database was conducted by two independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria were individuals over the age of 16 years with a genetic diagnosis of PWS who had received GH therapy, together with assessment of body composition, bone health or cardiovascular health.ResultsTwenty full‐text papers met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 364 unique patients. No differences in body mass index (BMI) were noted, although 2 studies reported increased BMI after GH cessation. Data demonstrated statistically significant increases in lean body mass and reductions in percentage fat mass. Studies reported inconsistent effects of GH on cholesterol and echocardiography parameters. No studies reported differences in bone mineral density, although one reported improved bone geometry. Minor adverse events including pretibial oedema, headache and transient impaired glucose tolerance were reported in 7 studies.ConclusionsThese data suggest that GH is safe and well tolerated in adults with PWS, with evidence of improvement in body composition. Further longitudinal studies are still required to investigate the effects of GH on bone and cardiovascular health. Where GH is used in adults with PWS, this should be managed by a specialist multidisciplinary team with regular monitoring initiated.
Women's perceptions of femininity after craniopharyngioma: a qualitative study
Authors: Eydoux Raphaëlle , Castinetti Frédéric , Authier Magali , Vialle Manon , Albarel Frédérique , Brue Thierry , Courbiere Blandine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious quantitative studies have shown a reduced quality of life in patients treated for craniopharyngioma (CP). However, few have assessed their sexual quality of life and other issues related to patient intimacy have not yet been addressed. Standardized questionnaires limit the approach to sexuality and the exploration of patient experiences. A qualitative study, which allows in‐depth analysis, may represent an interesting approach to explore intimacy in women with a history of CP.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of a CP history on femininity and relationships in women.Design and patientsA qualitative study with semi‐structured interviews was conducted with 15 adult women treated for CP during childhood, adolescence or at childbearing age up to 40 years of age. Interviews were audio recorded, anonymized and transcribed literally. Data analysis was carried out with an inductive approach according to the grounded theory method.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (a) apparent changes leading to altered self‐perception that may impact on femininity and generate lower self‐esteem; (b) managing the hidden disabilities of the disease inducing a need for permanent control; and (c) building parenthood and couple relationships: coping with sexual dysfunction and infertility.ConclusionsOur study highlighted alterations in self‐perception and femininity due to body change and disability resulting from CP treatment, impacting both couple and social relationships. Interviewing women who underwent CP surgery at different ages highlighted specific needs and different expectations of medical professionals which emphasize the importance of offering both global and personalized care.
Pregnancy in multiple sclerosis: A reflection on the importance of individualizing management
Authors: Pinto Maria João , Seabra Mafalda , Sá Maria José , Guimarães Joana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe management of multiple sclerosis during pregnancy has changed in recent years; it is no longer viewed as hindering the evolution of the disease. Lower relapse rates are expected during gestation, while the early puerperium may be more critical.Case reportWe present two cases of active relapse‐remitting multiple sclerosis in pregnant women with different clinical courses, mirroring the disease heterogeneity and unpredictability. The first one, despite the ongoing activity, had two uneventful pregnancies. The second woman, previously controlled, experienced an increase in the disease activity during pregnancy.DiscussionsThe decision of maintaining disease‐modifying therapy throughout gestation could be a strategy to reduce postpartum relapses.
The importance of tangible and intangible factors in human–carnivore coexistence
Authors: Jacobsen Kim S. , Dickman Amy J. , Macdonald David W. , Mourato Susana , Johnson Paul , Sibanda Lovemore , Loveridge Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConflict with humans is one of the major threats facing the world's remaining large carnivore populations, and understanding human attitudes is key to improving coexistence. We surveyed people living near Hwange National Park about their attitudes toward coexisting with lions. We used ordinal regression models with the results of the survey to investigate the importance of a range of tangible and intangible factors on attitudes. The variables investigated included the costs and benefits of wildlife presence, emotion, culture, religion, vulnerability, risk perception, notions of responsibility, and personal value orientations. This was for the purpose of effectively tailoring conservation efforts but also for ethical policy making. Intangible factors (e.g., fear and ecocentric values) were as important as, if not more important than, tangible factors (such as livestock losses) for understanding attitudes, based on the effect sizes of these variables. The degree to which participants’ fear of lions interfered with their daily activities was the most influential variable. The degree to which benefits accrue to households from the nearby protected area was also highly influential, as was number of livestock lost, number of dependents, ecocentric value orientation, and participation in conflict mitigation programs. Contrary to what is often assumed, metrics of livestock loss did not dominate attitudes to coexistence with lions. Furthermore, we found that socioeconomic variables may appear important when studied in isolation, but their effect may disappear when controlling for variables related to beliefs, perceptions, and past experiences. This raises questions about the widespread reliance on socioeconomic variables in the field of human–wildlife conflict and coexistence. To facilitate coexistence with large carnivores, we recommend measures that reduce fear (through education and through protective measures that reduce the need to be fearful), reduction of livestock losses, and ensuring local communities benefit from conservation. Ecocentric values also emerged as influential, highlighting the need to develop conservation initiatives tailored to local values.