bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining the variation in the attained power of a stepped-wedge trial with unequal cluster sizes
Authors: Ouyang Yongdong , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Gustafson Paul , Field Thalia S. , Wong Hubert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background In a cross-sectional stepped-wedge trial with unequal cluster sizes, attained power in the trial depends on the realized allocation of the clusters. This attained power may differ from the expected power calculated using standard formulae by averaging the attained power over all allocations the randomization algorithm can generate. We investigated the effect of design factors and allocation characteristics on attained power and developed models to predict attained power based on allocation characteristics. Method Based on data simulated and analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, we evaluated the distribution of attained powers under different scenarios with varying intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the responses, coefficient of variation (CV) of the cluster sizes, number of cluster-size groups, distributions of group sizes, and number of clusters. We explored the relationship between attained power and two allocation characteristics: the individual-level correlation between treatment status and time period, and the absolute treatment group imbalance. When computational time was excessive due to a scenario having a large number of possible allocations, we developed regression models to predict attained power using the treatment-vs-time period correlation and absolute treatment group imbalance as predictors. Results The risk of attained power falling more than 5% below the expected or nominal power decreased as the ICC or number of clusters increased and as the CV decreased. Attained power was strongly affected by the treatment-vs-time period correlation. The absolute treatment group imbalance had much less impact on attained power. The attained power for any allocation was predicted accurately using a regression model that included linear and quadratic terms for the treatment-vs-time period correlation and a linear term for the absolute treatment group imbalance.Conclusion In a stepped-wedge trial with unequal cluster sizes, the risk that randomization yields an allocation with inadequate attained power is a function of the ICC, the CV of the cluster sizes, and number of clusters. To reduce the computational burden of simulating attained power for allocations, the attained power can be predicted via regression modeling. Trial designers can reduce the risk of low attained power by restricting the randomization algorithm to avoid allocations with large treatment-vs-time period correlations.
Virulence factors and molecular characteristics of Shigella flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Cao Mingze , Wang Weiwei , Liu Guanhui , Zhou Xuzheng , Li Bing , Shi Yuxiang , Zhang Jiyu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The natural hosts of Shigella are conventionally humans and other primates; however, the host range of Shigella has been shown to expand to many animals. Although Shigella is becoming a huge threat to animals, there is limited information on the genetic background of local strains. The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of virulence factors and the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea.Methods: From 2014 to 2016, 54 S. flexneri isolates were collected from diarrhea, and their biochemical characteristics were determined according to API20E and virulence factors via PCR. The molecular characteristics of the isolates were studied by MLST, MLVA and PFGE.Results: Fifty-four S. flexneri isolates possessed four typical biochemical characteristics of Shigella. The prevalences of ipaH, virA, ipaBCD, ial, sen, set1A, and set1B were 100%, 100%, 77.78%, 79.63%, 48.15% and 48.15%, respectively. None of the studied strains possessed the stx gene. Regarding the differences in virulence factor distributions, the 54 S. flexneri isolates fell into seven gene profile types. Among these VTs, VT4 and VT6 were the most common, accounting for 74.07% of all VTs. MLVA based on 8 VNTR loci discriminated the isolates into 39 different MTs, PFGE based on NotI digestion divided the 54 isolates into 31 PTs, and MLST based on 15 housekeeping genes differentiated the isolates into 7 STs, with 1 ST (ST227) being novel.Conclusion: Our findings provide baseline information on the distribution of virulence genes in and the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri collected from diarrheal calves, which is a potential threat to public safety. These data will be important for addressing clinical and epidemiological issues regarding Shigellosis.
Comparison between American Institute of Medicine Guidelines and Local Recommendation for Gestational Weight Gain in Taiwanese Primiparous Women
Authors: Waits Alexander , Guo Chao-Yu , Chien Li-Yin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : American Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends different ranges of gestational weight gain (GWG) based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). In Taiwan, IOM guidelines are implemented concurrently with the local recommendation for GWG (10–14 kg). This study compared between the two sets of guidelines in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes.Methods : We analyzed 31653 primiparas with singletons from 2011-2016 annual National Breastfeeding Surveys. Logistic regressions for preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), cesarean section and excessive postpartum weight retention (PWR) were fitted separately for GWG categorized according to IOM and Taiwan ranges. Areas under the receiver-operator curves (AUC) and the predicted probabilities for each outcome were compared in each BMI group.Results : AUC for both guidelines ranged within 0.51 – 0.73. Compared to Taiwan recommendation, IOM ranges showed lower probabilities of SGA for underweight (0.11–0.15 versus 0.14–0.18), of LGA for obese (0.12–0.15 versus 0.15–0.18), of excessive PWR for overweight (0.19–0.30 versus 0.27–0.39), and obese (0.15–0.22 versus 0.25-0.36); and higher probabilities of excessive PWR for underweight (0.17-0.33 versus 0.14-0.22).Conclusions : Discriminative performance of IOM and Taiwan recommendations was poor for the five adverse birth outcomes, and no preference for either set of recommendations could be inferred from our results. In the absence of specific GWG guidelines, health care workers may provide inconsistent information to their patients. Future research is needed to explore optimal GWG ranges that can reliably predict locally relevant perinatal outcomes for mother and child.
Estimating extremely large amounts of missing precipitation data
Authors: Aguilera Héctor , Guardiola-Albert Carolina , Serrano-Hidalgo Carmen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccurate estimation of missing daily precipitation data remains a difficult task. A wide variety of methods exists for infilling missing values, but the percentage of gaps is one of the main factors limiting their applicability. The present study compares three techniques for filling in large amounts of missing daily precipitation data: spatio-temporal kriging (STK), multiple imputation by chained equations through predictive mean matching (PMM), and the random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first time that extreme missingness (&gt;90%) has been considered. Different percentages of missing data and missing patterns are tested in a large dataset drawn from 112 rain gauges in the period 1975–2017. The results show that both STK and RF can handle extreme missingness, while PMM requires larger observed sample sizes. STK is the most robust method, suitable for chronological missing patterns. RF is efficient under random missing patterns. Model evaluation is usually based on performance and error measures. However, this study outlines the risk of just relying on these measures without checking for consistency. The RF algorithm overestimated daily precipitation outside the validation period in some cases due to the overdetection of rainy days under time-dependent missing patterns.
Immunological Disturbances and Neuroimaging Findings in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Comorbid Patients
Authors: Kakanakova Andriana , Popov Stefan , Maes Michael 
Published: February 2020

:Mood disorders and Major Depressive Disorder, in particular, appear to be some of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high rate of comorbidity most frequently of anxiety or substance abuse disorders (alcohol use disorder). In both cases – MDD and AUD, a number of immunological disturbances are observed, such as chronic mild inflammation response, increased level of cytokines, hypercortisolaemia, which lead to specific changes in brain neurotransmitter functions.:Some of the contemporary brain imaging techniques are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic spectroscopy which are most commonly used to assess the brain metabolism and functional connectivity changes such as altered responses to emotional stimuli in MDD or overactivation of ventromedial prefrontal areas during delayed and underactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions during impulsive reward decisions in AUD and dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or glutamate neurotransmitter systems, low NAA and myo-Inositol in both MDD and AUD.
Synthesis, Docking, in silico ADMET and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some N-acetyl Pyrazole and Quinoline Conjugates
Authors: Peerzade Nargisbano Ayyub , Jadhav Shravan Yegu , Bhosale Raghunath Bhikaji , Kulkarni Amol Anantrao , Varpe Bhushan Dnyandeo 
Published: February 2020

Background:Pyrazolines are reported having anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and antidiabetic activities in the literature. Drugs like celecoxib, antipyrine, etc. are structurally similar to the designed compounds.Objectives:To synthesize and characterize N-acetyl pyrazole and quinoline conjugates and test them for Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antiamylase and Antimalarial activities.Methods:A series of methoxy substituted quinoline based pyrazoline derivatives (2a-2j) were synthesized in good to excellent yield from corresponding quinoline chalcones (1a-1j). The synthesized compounds were characterized and screened for their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiamylase, antibacterial and antimalarial activities. Docking and in silico ADMET studies were performed with PDB: 3LN1.Results:Compounds 2b, 2i and 2j showed significant anti-inflammatory activity as compared to standard sodium diclofenac. All compounds (2a-2j) showed excellent antioxidant activity for DPPH even more than standard ascorbic acid. Compounds 2e, 2f, 2h and 2i showed excellent antioxidant activity for NO. as compared to standard ascorbic acid. Compound 2f showed significant antioxidant activity for SOR. Almost all the compounds showed significant antibacterial as well as anti-amylase activity with few exceptions, whereas compounds 2f, 2h and 2j showed potent antimalarial activity.Conclusion:Compounds have shown good anti-inflammatory activities as compared with diclofenac. All the synthesized pyrazoline derivatives showed excellent anti-amylase activity as compared to standard acarbose. Also, compounds have shown good antioxidant antibacterial and antimalarial activities.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Andrographolide, 14-Deoxy-11,12- didehydroandrographolide and Neoandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata: An Optimisation Study
Authors: Chia Vi V. , Pang Sook F. , Abdullah Sureena , Yusoff Mashitah M. , Gimbun Jolius 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Andrographis paniculata is often used as functional foods owing to its
broad range of pharmaceutical activities due to the presence of main terpene compounds such as andrographolide,
14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide and neoandrographolide. The aforementioned
compounds must be extracted from the plant material before it can be routinely used as a functional
food ingredient.

Objective:
This work presents an optimisation study of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of terpene
from Andrographis paniculata. In this study, two factors at three-level central composite face
centred design was employed to optimise the process variables, including the effect of microwave
power (75-175 W) and ethanol concentration (20-85%) on extraction of terpene from Andrographis
paniculata.

Methods:
The experimental design was set based on initial screening on the effect of mesh size and
solid solvent ratio. The present work was performed at fixed mesh size and solid solvent ratio, which
corresponds to the highest yield established experimentally. Two most significant factors, i.e. microwave
power and ethanol concentration was chosen and further studied for optimisation using a response
surface methodology. The three-level, two-factor central composite design (CCD) has been
employed to determine the effect of microwave power (15, 25 and 35 W/mL) and ethanol concentration
(20, 52.5 and 85%) on the yield of terpene extraction. Identification and quantification of the
terpene were performed via Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography- Photodiode Array (UPLCPDA).

Results:
The regression analysis showed good fit of the experimental data to the quadratic equation
with coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.997. The optimum condition was found at microwave
power of 140 W with 85% ethanol concentration, produced the highest yield of andrographolide
(10.926 ± 0.053 mg/g DW), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (4.336 ± 0.215 mg/g DW) and
neoandrographolide (5.698 ± 0.252 mg/g DW). The model developed through response surface modelling
has a desirability of 97.5% and the error between the experiment and the model predictions
ranged from 2.4 to 5.2%.

Conclusion:
A successful optimisation of terpene extraction from A. paniculata via MAE was
achieved at microwave power of 140 W and 85% ethanol. The model developed from the regression
analysis is sufficiently accurate and can be used to predict the yield of terpene extraction from A. paniculata.
A State-of-the-art Bibliometric Analysis for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Patil Amit Kumar , Soni Gunjan 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
This paper represents a bibliometric analysis of additive manufacturing throughout
the history. In this paper, major statistical insights regarding the publications associated with additive
manufacturing are presented. These insights are categorized on the basis of authors, publication
source titles, country, document types, research areas, etc.

Results:
This study differentiates crucial research fields, critical journals, and significant authors that
have contributed to the field of additive manufacturing and 3D printing.

Conclusion:
This overview can guide researchers in exploring literature related to additive manufacturing
and 3D printing in a meaningful direction. Moreover, some future aspects regarding additive
manufacturing are also discussed in the conclusion.
Pendidikan Karakter untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Suyanto Slamet 
Published: February 2020

Menumbuhkembangkan nilai-nilai universal dan mengembangkan karakter bangsa sebaiknya dimulai sejak usia dini. Anak usia dini dalam perkembangan yang paling cepat dalam berbagai aspek termasuk aspek agama, moral, sosial, intelektual, dan emosi. Perlakuan pendidikan yang diberikan pada usia dini diyakini akan terpateri kuat di dalam hati dan pikiran anak yang jernih. Jika anak didik dengan baik, diberi contoh yang baik, dan dibiasakan hidup dengan nilai dan karakter yang baik, maka mereka cenderung menjadi orang yang baik yang berhati emas, berpikiran positif, dan berbudi mulia. Persoalannya adalah bagaimana mengembangkan karakter yang baik pada anak usia dini? Apa saja tema dan kegiatan yang yang relevan untuk mengembangkan karakter pada anak usia dini? Bagaimana melakukan asesmen perkembangan karakter pada anak usia dini? Makalah ini menjawab berbagai persoalan tersebut. Kata kunci: Pendidikan Karakter, PAUD
Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran RKCK (Rasa Karsa Cipta Karya)
Authors: Rachmawati Yeni 
Published: February 2020

Saat ini, globalisasi adalah sebuah keniscayaan dalam hidup kita. Semua orang di dunia, termasuk bangsa Indonesia membutuhkan strategi terbaik agar mampu bersaing dengan era globalisasi. Pendidikan sebagai salah satu unsur dalam kehidupan manusia telah menjadi posisi kunci untuk mengantisipasi gelombang globalisasi. Ide-ide dan konsep pendidikan yang baru diperlukan untuk memperkuat identitas bangsa, melestarikan kearifan lokal, mampu menjawab tantangan modern dan memiliki dasar yang baik untuk membangun karakter. Salah satu hal yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan mengembangkan model pembelajaran yang berbasis pada kearifan lokal dari "RKCK (Rasa-Karsa-Cipta-Karya).Model ini dianggap sebagai salah satu solusi untuk menjawab permasalahan. Beberapa keunggulan dari model pembelajaran berbasis Model RKCK adalah bahwa model ini lahir dari filsafat Indonesia. Dengan demikian, Model Pembelajaran RKCK memiliki kekuatan untuk melahirkan kembali nilai-nilai semangat Indonesia. Konsep model RKCK sebenarnya bukanlah ide baru, tetapi telah ada sejak lama. Penelitian lebih lanjut diharapkan dapat membangun kembali filosofi model pembelajaran dan dapat mengaplikasikannya dalam kehidupan nyata. Model RKCK bersifat holistik dan sistem implementasinya terintegrasi, sehingga tidak hanya aspek kecerdasan saja tetapi juga aspek sosial emosional dan kecerdasan spritual yang dapat meningkatkan ketajaman pikiran peserta didik. Kata kunci: Membangun Karakter, Berbasis pada Kearifan Lokal, Kearifan Lokal, Menyeluruh, Terpadu
KEGIATAN SENAM OTAK DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Astuti Ni Made Ary 
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang bagaimana menstimulus kemampuan kognitif anak agar mampu merespon kegiatan pembelajaran yang ada dikelas menjadi lebih baik. Salah satu kegiatan yang dapat diberikan adalah dengan melakukan gerakan senam otak. Gerakan senam otak dapat diberikan pada anak usia dini di awal kegiatan atau sebelum memasuki kegiatan inti. Gerakan senam otak yang sederhana dan identik dengan gerakan menyentuh bagian-bagian tubuh tertentu, akan mampu mengaktifkan energi-energi positif yang ada pada tubuh anak usia dini. Kegiatan senam otak mulai dilakukan dikelas melihat dari kondisi anak-anak di daerah 3T yang agak kurang pada kemampuan kognitifnya, seperti dalam hal menanggapi perintah yang diberikan guru serta menyelesaikan tugas-tugas dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Mengingat perkembangan kemampuan kognitif anak-anak di daerah 3T yang dapat di katakan masih kurang, sehingga dilaksanakanlah suatu kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan kognitif pada anak usia dini di PAUD Mekarsari Kecamatan Raimanuk, Kabupaten Belu NTT. Kata Kunci: kemampuan kognitif, senam otak, anak usia dini
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS MELALUI KEGIATAN MENJIPLAK PADA ANAK KELAS I DI SD NEGERI 9 TERANGUN
Authors: Mukaromah Yuliani Haj 
Published: February 2020

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus melalui kegiatan menjiplak pada anak di SD Negeri 9 Terangun. Subyek dalam kegiatan ini yaitu anak kelas I SD Negeri 9 Terangun. Objek kegiatan yaitu kemampuan motorik halus. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan motorik halus pada anak dapat ditingkatkan melalui kegiatan menjiplak menggunakan daun kering. Langkah-langkah pelaksanaan kegiatan menjiplak menggunakan daun untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus yaitu guru memberi penjelasan kepada anak mengenai kegiatan yang akan dilakukan, guru membimbing anak untuk membuat peraturan dalam permainan tersebut, guru mengajak anak untuk bermain di luar kelas, guru meminta anak untuk mencari daun- daun kering, setiap anak diminta untuk mengumpulkan tiga lembar daun, guru membimbing anak untuk menghitung daun yang sudah dikumpulkan masing-masing anak, guru membagikan kertas HVS dan pensil pada setiap anak, guru menjelaskan pada anak bagaimana cara menjiplak, anak diminta untuk menjiplak daun yang sudah dikumpulkan, anak diminta untuk mewarnai hasil menjiplak daun tersebut. Pada akhir kegiatan pembelajaran, setiap anak diminta untuk ke depan kelas menceritakan pengalamannya megumpulkan daun, kemudian menjelaskan daun apa yang sudah dijiplakKata kunci: kemampuan motorik halus, menjiplak, anak kelas I
EVALUASI KETERCAPAIAN STANDAR ISI PERKEMBANGAN NILAI-NILAI AGAMA DAN MORAL ANAK USIA DINI PADA SEMESTER GASSAL 2016/2017 KB/TK PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Syamsudin Amir 
Published: February 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi ketercapaian indikator-indikator teoretik nilai-nilai agama dan moral anak usia dini yang diekpresikan anak dalam perilaku selama proses pembelajaran. Langkah-langkah penelitian meliputi kajian literatur, menyusun kerangka konseptual hubungan antara substansi dan perkembangan nilai-nilai agama dan moral anak usia dini, menyusun definisi operasional, merumuskan indikator perkembangan nilai-nilai agama dan moral anak usia dini, menyusun draft model faktorial nilai-nilai agama dan moral beserta seluruh indikator teoretiknya, pengumpulan data penelitian, dan analisis data menggunakan confirmatory factor analyses. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 71 anak dari rentang usia 3-6 tahun. Hasil penelitian menemukan 27 indikator perkembangan NAM anak usia 5-6 tahun, 20 indikator untuk anak usia 4-5 tahun, dan 10 indikator untuk anak usia 3-4 tahun telah dikukuhkan oleh data empirik. Kata kunci: perkembangan, nilai agama dan moral, anak usia dini.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RPPH MELALUI KEGIATAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DAN PENDAMPINGAN DI TK BINAAN PADA SEMESTER 1 TAHUN 2016/2017
Authors: - Sukarmi 
Published: February 2020

.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah agar para guru dapat mengaplikasikan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Harian (RPPH) sehingga sasaran kurikulum 2013 dapat terealisasikan dengan baik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di TK binaan Kecamatan Wirobrajan dan diikuti sebanyak 20 guru. Metode yang digunakan adalah angket dan wawancara untuk mendapatkan data Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru dalam menyusun rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran harian di TK binaan. Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam siklus dan melalui proses pengkajian melalui empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari siklus satu yaitu sesi pemberian materi dan sesi latihan penyusunan rencana cukup sebanyak 16 orang atau 80% dan dengan hasil baik sebanyak 4 orang atau 20%. Hasil yang diperoleh dari siklus dua yaitu sesi ketiga pendalaman materi dan sesi keempat pemberian tugas dan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa peserta yang mencapai hasil cukup sebanyak 4 orang atau 20% dan dengan hasil baik sebanyak 16 orang atau 80% pada siklus 3 dan 20 orang dengan hasil baik atau 100% Kata kunci: Peningkatan Kemampuan, Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Harian