bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of temperature, strain rate, and cyclic loading on mechanical behavior of silane‐modified polyurethane sealant
Authors: Zhang Jun , Shen Hao zhong , Li Hai yu , Gu Liu feng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the mechanical properties of modified polyurethane sealants in engineering applications, the influences of temperature, strain rate, and cyclic loading on the mechanical properties of silane‐modified polyurethane sealant were experimentally investigated. The monotonic tensile experiments with various strain rates and temperatures were conducted, and strain rate and temperature dependent nonlinear stress–strain curves were obtained. The results showed that the silane‐modified polyurethane sealant exhibited temperature dependence at constant strain rate and rate dependence at room temperature. However, it is shown no obvious rate dependence at temperature of 150°C. In addition, the multi‐step cyclic loading experiments with mean strain decrease and increase at each step were carried out to analyze the influence of cyclic loading and cyclic loading history at different temperatures. The results demonstrated that the viscous behavior of the materials was evidently observed in the first step and disappeared in other steps for the four‐step cyclic loading with mean strain decrease case. Moreover, the cyclic stress relaxation of the materials was not obvious due to the prior cyclic loading with higher mean strain history, while the cyclic stress relaxation of the material continued to occur for the prior cyclic loading with lower mean strain history, and the cyclic strength of the materials decreased with the increase of temperature.
Population status of the endangered giant Mexican limpet Scutellastra mexicana in the central Mexican Pacific
Authors: Valdez‐Cibrián Alejandra , Michel‐Morfín Jesús Emilio , Gómez‐Torres Martín , Landa‐Jaime Víctor , Gómez‐Gastelum Luis , Carballo Jose Luis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Scutellastra mexicana is the largest species of giant limpet in the world. This species is distributed along the tropical Mexican Pacific and is now considered extinct in some areas of the region.
In prehispanic Mexico, this limpet was used for food, ornamentation, and in mortuary offerings. More recently, its meat has been highly valued for human consumption. During the 1970s and 1980s, overexploitation of this resource caused the population to decrease drastically.
This study is a report on the population status of the giant Mexican limpet S. mexicana on the Mexican Pacific coast. Free divers explored the rocky southern coast of Jalisco, Mexico, for the presence of specimens. A total of 404 limpets were identified at 18 sampling sites. Their density was estimated to be 0.0012 limpets/m2 with a catch per unit effort of 7.6 limpets/dive hour. Limpet sizes ranged from 5.0 to 23.3 cm in length and from 3.8 to 20.7 cm in width, with a mean shell length of 13.4 cm.
Currently, S. mexicana is under special protection by Mexican laws. However, this species is not listed as endangered by any international wildlife protection and conservation group. This may be due to the lack of information on this species' population dynamics over time in the Mexican Pacific and the lack of interest in this mollusc since it is a non‐charismatic species.
Heterogeneity of Graphite Lithiation in State‐of‐the‐Art Cylinder‐Type Li‐Ion Cells
Authors: Petz Dominik , Mühlbauer Martin J. , Schökel Alexander , Achterhold Klaus , Pfeiffer Franz , Pirling Thilo , Hofmann Michael , Senyshyn Anatoliy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe two‐dimensional lithium distribution in the graphite anode was non‐destructively probed by spatially resolved neutron diffraction for a batch consisting of 34 different cylinder‐type (18650) Li‐ion batteries in fully charged state. The uniformity of the lithium distribution was quantified and correlated to the cell specifications/electrochemistry and to intrinsic cell parameters like electrode thickness, position of current collectors, etc. which were obtained by X‐ray micro‐computed tomography. Non‐uniformities in the lithiation state of the anode from a constant plateau have been observed for the majority of the studied cells. Their location corresponds to the positions of current tabs connecting the electrode stripes and areas of incomplete electrode coating at the beginning and the end of the electrode stripes. Four commonly used schemes of current lid connection were identified. Each of them displays its own effect on the uniformity of the lithiation at the anode and, therefore, variation of the intrinsic state‐of‐charge distribution and, most probably, the ageing behavior of the electrodes.
Human immunodeficiency virus‐associated pulmonary sarcoidosis in a Japanese man as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Nakamura Hideta , Tateyama Masao , Tasato Daisuke , Haranaga Shusaku , Higa Futoshi , Matsuzaki Akiko , Yoshimi Naoki , Fujita Jiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAsymptomatic pulmonary sarcoidosis can develop after starting antiretroviral therapy. The decision on whether to treat sarcoidosis with corticosteroids should be based on the disease severity.
Semiparametric isotonic regression modelling and estimation for group testing data
Authors: Yuan Ao , Piao Jin , Ning Jing , Qin Jing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the group testing procedure, several individual samples are grouped and the pooled samples, instead of each individual sample, are tested for outcome status (e.g., infectious disease status). Although this cost‐effectiveness strategy in data collection is both labour and time‐efficient, it poses statistical challenges to derive statistically and computationally efficient estimators under semiparametric models. We consider semiparametric isotonic regression models for the simultaneous estimation of the conditional probability curve and covariate effects, in which a parametric form for combining the covariate information is assumed and the monotonic link function is left unspecified. We develop an expectation–maximization algorithm to overcome the computational challenge and embed the pool‐adjacent violators algorithm in the M‐step to facilitate the computation. We establish the large sample behaviour of the proposed estimators and examine their finite sample performance in simulation studies. We apply the proposed method to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for illustration.
Fabrication of Mn,N‐Codoped Carbon Electrocatalysts from a Cationic Cd(II)‐based MOF Involving Anion‐exchange with MnO4− Anions
Authors: Yuan Jie , Xiao Li , Huang Gao‐Yuan , Yang Jin‐Meng , Zhu Hai‐Bin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMn and N‐codoped carbon materials (Mn−N−C) have recently aroused enormous interest owing to their unique advantages over Fe‐N−C counterparts. Mn−N−C electroactive materials have been conveniently fabricated from a cationic Cd(II)‐based MOF (Cd−TTPBA‐4(TTPBA‐4=N1,N1,N4,N4 ‐tetrakis(4‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)phenyl)benzene‐1,4‐di‐amine) which can effectively and controllably achieve the Mn‐doping through anion‐exchange between the exterior MnO4− anions and its exchangeable ClO4− anions. The anion‐exchanged materials of MnO4−@Cd−TTPBA‐4 were pyrolyzed at 1000 °C followed by acid‐washing and second heat‐treatment to give Mn−N−C electroactive materials with promising oxygen reduction activity. In the alkaline electrolyte, the optimal Mn−N−C material exhibits an outstanding oxygen reduction activity with the onset potential of 0.93 V (vs RHE) and half‐wave potential of 0.82 V (vs RHE), together with a good long‐term stability.
Multigenerational experimental simulation of climate change on an economically important insect pest
Authors: Schneider David , Ramos Alejandra G. , Córdoba‐Aguilar Alex 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong‐term multigenerational experimental simulations of climate change on insect pests of economically and socially important crops are crucial to anticipate challenges for feeding humanity in the not‐so‐far future. Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus, is a worldwide pest that attacks the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris seeds, in crops and storage. We designed a long term (i.e., over 10 generations), experimental simulation of climate change by increasing temperature and CO2 air concentration in controlled conditions according to model predictions for 2100. Higher temperature and CO2 concentrations favored pest's egg‐to‐adult development survival, even at high female fecundity. It also induced a reduction of fat storage and increase of protein content but did not alter body size. After 10 generations of simulation, genetic adaptation was detected for total lipid content only, however, other traits showed signs of such process. Future experimental designs and methods similar to ours, are key for studying long‐term effects of climate change through multigenerational experimental designs.
Numerical investigation of the solute dispersion in finite‐length microchannels with the interphase transport
Authors: Li Wenbo , Zhang Wenyao , Qian Fang , Huang Deng , Wang Qiuwang , Zhao Cunlu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper utilizes a combined approach of the convection‐diffusion theory and the moment analysis to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the solute dispersion under the influence of the interphase transport in finitely long inner coated microchannels. The present work has threefold novel contributions: (1) The 2D solute concentration contours in the stationary phase are calculated for the first time to facilitate the understanding the role of the interphase transport in the solute dispersion in the mobile phase. (2) The skewness of the elution curves is investigated to guide the control of solute band shape at the channel outlet. (3) The 2D diffusion‐convection theory and zero‐dimensional (0D) moment analysis complement each other to present a characterization of the solute dispersion behaviors more comprehensive than that by either of the two methods alone. Parametric studies are performed to clarify the effects of four major parameters related to the interphase transport (i.e., stationary phase Péclet number, interphase transport rate, partition coefficient, and stationary phase thickness) on the solute dispersion characteristics. The results from this study provide a straightforward understanding of the effects of interphase transport on the solute dispersion in finitely long microchannels and are of potential relevance to the design and operation of the microfluidics‐based analytical devices.
Prognostic significance of the MDM2/HMGA2 ratio and histological tumor grade in dedifferentiated liposarcoma
Authors: Yamashita Kyoko , Kohashi Kenichi , Yamada Yuichi , Akatsuka Shinya , Ikuta Kunihiro , Nishida Yoshihiro , Toyokuni Shinya , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a relatively common soft tissue sarcoma that results from the progression of well‐differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS). This study aimed to investigate the progression process and to clarify the pathological and genetic factors related to poor prognosis in DDLPS. In 32 DDLPS cases and five WDLPS cases, genetic factors were analyzed by custom comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array, which was designed to densely cover gene regions known to be frequently amplified in WD/DDLPS. The analyses comparing primary and metastatic lesions and those comparing histologically different areas in the same tumor revealed intra‐tumoral genetic heterogeneity and progression. According to a prognostic analysis comparing the good‐prognosis and the poor‐prognosis groups, we selected MDM2 and HMGA2 as candidate genes associated with poor and good prognosis, respectively. The ratios of the amplification or gain levels of MDM2 and HMGA2 expressed in log ratios (log[MDM2/HMGA2] = log[MDM2]‐log[HMGA2]) were significantly associated with prognosis. An amplification or gain level of MDM2 that was more than twice that of HMGA2 (MDM2/HMGA2 > 2, log[MDM2/HMGA2] > 1) was strongly related to poor OS (P < .001) and poor distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) (P < .001). In the pathological analysis of 44 cases of DDLPS, histological tumor grade, cellular atypia, and MDM2 immunoreactivity were related to overall survival (OS), while HMGA2 immunoreactivity tended to be associated with OS. Cellular atypia was also associated with DMFS. In conclusion, histological grade and MDM2 expression were determined to be prognostically important, and the MDM2/HMGA2 amplification or gain ratio was found to have significant prognostic value by the custom CGH array analysis.
Pygmalion in the pipeline: How managers' perceptions influence racial differences in turnover
Authors: Sabat Isaac E. , Goldberg Caren , King Eden B. , Dawson Jeremy , Zhang Lu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh rates of turnover among racial minority employees have largely been explained by the adage that dissimilarity breeds discontent. An unexplored, but potentially powerful driver of turnover, may emerge as a result of supervisors' and employees' own beliefs about minority employees' abilities. We rely on predictions from research on Pygmalion effects to examine how external, leader biases can elicit subsequent differences in employees' internal cognitions, which then impact turnover decisions. Utilizing a survey study of 228 employers and employees across four time points, we found support for the notion that leaders view racial minority new hires as having less efficacy than their White counterparts, and that these biases, when combined with less satisfactory supervision, lead minorities to have decreased self‐efficacy, subsequently causing them to perceive a less viable future in that company and voluntarily turn over.
Birthweight and gestational age‐specific neonatal mortality rate in tertiary care facilities in Eastern Central Uganda
Authors: Mubiri Paul , Nambuya Harriet , Kajjo Darious , Butrick Elizabeth , Namazzi Gertrude , Santos Nicole , Walker Dilys , Waiswa Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn estimated 2.8 million neonatal deaths occur each year globally, which accounts for at least 45% of deaths in children aged less than 5 years. Birthweight and gestational age‐specific mortality estimates are limited in low‐resource countries like Uganda. A deeper analysis of mortality by birthweight and gestational age is critical in identifying the cause and potential solutions to decrease neonatal mortality.ObjectivesWe studied mortality before discharge in relation to birthweight and gestational age using a large sample size from selected tertiary care facilities in Uganda.MethodsWe used secondary data from the East Africa Preterm Birth Initiative study conducted in six tertiary care facilities. Birth records of infants born between October 2016 and March 2019 with a gestational age greater than or equal to 24 weeks and/or birthweight greater than or equal to 500 g were reviewed for inclusion in the analysis. Newborn death before discharge was the outcome variable of interest. Multivariable Poisson regression modeling was used to explore birthweight and gestational age‐specific mortality rate.ResultsWe analysed 50 278 birth records. Among these 95.3% (47 913) were live births and 4.8% (2365) were stillbirths. Of the 47 913 live births, 50% (24 147) were males. Overall, pre‐discharge mortality was 13.0 per 1000 live births. For each 1 kg increase in birthweight, mortality before discharge decreased by −0.016. As birthweight increases, the mortality before discharge decreased from 336 per 1000 live births among infants born between 500 and 999 g, to 4.7 per 1000 live births among infants born weighing 3500 to 3999 g, and increased again to 11.2 per 1000 live births among infants weighing more than 4500 g.ConclusionsOur study highlights the need for further research to understand newborn survival across different birthweight and gestational categories.
Effect of hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide on labor duration among nullipara in a southwestern Nigerian teaching hospital: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Akiseku Adeniyi K. , Jagun Olusoji E. , Akadri Adebayo A. , Imaralu John O. , Olatunji Adetola O. , Sule‐Odu Adewale O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide on the duration of the first stage of labor among nulliparous women.MethodsA randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study among 126 nulliparous women admitted in the active phase of labor to a teaching hospital in Sagamu, Nigeria, from January to August 2018. Based on the inclusion criteria, women were recruited and randomized to the study or control group, and given intravenous hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide 20 mg (1 mL) or sterile water (1 mL), respectively, during the active phase. Labor progress and outcomes were compared between the groups.ResultsThe mean ± SD duration of active phase of first stage of labor was significantly shorter in the hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide group (324.9 ± 134.6 min) than in the control group (392.7 ± 119.6 min) (P = 0.004). The rate of cervical dilatation was 1.4 ± 0.8 cm/h in the hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide group and 1.0 ± 0.5 cm/h in the control group (P = 0.004). There were no significant differences in fetal heart rate, maternal vital signs, or Apgar scores between the two groups.ConclusionHyoscine‐N‐butylbromide was found to be effective in shortening the duration of the first stage of labor without adverse outcomes for mother or neonate.The trial was registered with the Pan African Clinical trials Registry (PACTR), protocol number: PACTR201808146688942 (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=3532).
Demonstrating Feasibility of an Opportunistic Sampling Approach for Pharmacokinetic Studies of β‐Lactam Antibiotics in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Tang Girdwood Sonya C. , Tang Peter H. , Murphy Mark E. , Chamberlain Andrea R. , Benken Laura A. , Jones Rhonda L. , Stoneman Erin M. , Kaplan Jennifer M. , Vinks Alexander A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in incorporating β‐lactam precision dosing into routine clinical care, but robust population pharmacokinetic models in critically ill children are needed for these purposes. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of an opportunistic sampling approach that utilizes scavenged residual blood for future pharmacokinetic studies of cefepime, meropenem, and piperacillin. We aimed to show that opportunistic samples would cover the full concentration‐versus‐time profiles and to evaluate stability of the antibiotics in whole blood and plasma to optimize future use of the opportunistic sampling approach. A prospective observational study was conducted in a single‐center pediatric intensive care unit, where pediatric patients administered at least 1 dose of cefepime, meropenem, or piperacillin/tazobactam and who had residual blood scavenged from samples obtained for routine clinical care were enrolled. A total of 138 samples from 22 pediatric patients were collected in a 2‐week period. For all 3 antibiotics, the samples collected covered the entire dosing intervals and were not clustered around specific times. There was high variability in the free concentrations and in the percentage of drug bound to protein. There was less than 15% degradation for meropenem or piperacillin when stored in whole blood or plasma at 4°C after 6 days. Cefepime degraded by more than 15% after 3 days. The opportunistic sampling approach is a powerful and feasible method to obtain sufficient samples to study the variability of drug concentrations and protein binding for future pharmacokinetic studies in the pediatric critical care population.
A novel one‐pot strategy of preparation of N‐phenylacrylamide‐styrene co‐polymer open tubular capillary column for peptides separation
Authors: Sun Genlin , Lu Yao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn open tubular capillary column (100 μm internal diameter and 120 cm length) was first fabricated with N‐phenylacrylamide and styrene copolymer layer on the inner surface by in situ one‐pot strategy, while ethylene dimethacrylate was used as the cross‐linker. The pretreated silica‐fused capillary was reacted with 3‐trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate to attach a double‐bond ligand onto the inner surface of the capillary. Further, a thick and stabile copolymer layer was generated on the inner surface of the capillary by the novel method in situ one‐pot reaction of styrene‐N‐phenylacrylamide. The effects of reaction temperature and composition of the polymerization mixture on the morphology and permeability of the copolymer were investigated. The separation performance of the fabricated polymer columns were validated by separation of five synthetic peptides. The excellent efficiency (188 500 plates/m) of 100 μm internal diameter open tubular column with the separation media prepared by mixed one‐pot copolymerization has not been achieved via the isocratic elution mode. The column to column, intraday, and interday repeatabilities evaluated from the relative standard deviation were found better than 4%, exhibiting considerable repeatability of the column.
Active Observation as an Alternative to Invasive Treatments for Pediatric Head and Neck Lymphatic Malformations
Authors: Bonilla‐Velez Juliana , Whitlock Kathryn B. , Ganti Sheila , Theeuwen Hailey A. , Manning Scott C. , Bly Randall A. , Dahl John P. , Perkins Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesAn increasing number of treatment modalities for lymphatic malformations are being described, complicating therapeutic decisions. Understanding lymphatic malformation natural history is essential. We describe management of head and neck lymphatic malformations where decisions primarily addressed lesion‐induced functional compromise (ie, breathing, swallowing) to identify factors associated with invasive treatment and active observation. We hypothesize that non‐function threatening malformations can be observed.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsRetrospective case series of consecutive head and neck lymphatic malformation patients (2000–2017) with over 2 years of follow‐up. Patient characteristics were summarized and associations with invasive treatment (surgery or sclerotherapy) tested using Fisher's exact. In observed patients, factors associated with spontaneous regression were assessed with Fisher's exact test.ResultsOf 191 patients, 101 (53%) were male, 97 (51%) Caucasian, and 98 (51.3%) younger than 3 months. Malformations were de Serres I–III 167 (87%), or IV–V 24 (12%), and commonly located in the neck (101, 53%), or oral cavity (36, 19%). Initial treatments included observation (65, 34%) or invasive treatments such as primary surgery (80, 42%), staged surgery (25, 13%), or primary sclerotherapy (9, 5%). Of 65 initially observed malformations, 8 (12%) subsequently had invasive treatment, 36 (58%) had spontaneous regression, and 21 (32%) elected for no invasive therapy. Spontaneous regression was associated with location in the lateral neck (P = .003) and macrocystic malformations (P = .017).ConclusionHead and neck lymphatic malformation treatment selection can be individualized after stratifying by stage, presence of functional compromise, and consideration of natural history. Recognizing the spectrum of severity is essential in evaluating efficacy of emerging treatments, as selected malformations may respond to observation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1392–1397, 2021