bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of gastric cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Danwang Celestin , Bigna Jean Joel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Gastric cancer is actually known as the sixth most frequent cancer and the second cancer-related cause of death worldwide. If studies giving an overview of current epidemiology of gastric cancer in Europe, Asia, and the USA are available, in Africa, studies reporting recent data on gastric cancer are sparse. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim therefore to provide relevant data on contemporary epidemiology of gastric cancer in Africa in terms of prevalence, incidence, and case fatality rate.

Methods and design
We will include cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies, and case series with more than 30 participants. EMBASE, PubMed, Africa Index Medicus, Africa Journals Online, and Web of Science will be searched for relevant abstracts of studies published and unpublished between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2019, without language restriction. The review will be reported according to the MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guideline. After screening of abstracts, study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, we shall assess the studies individually for clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Random-effect meta-analysis will be used to pool studies judged to be clinically homogenous. The Egger test and visual inspection of funnel plots will be used to assess publication bias.

Discussion
This review will provide relevant data on the current burden of gastric cancer in Africa.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42019130348.
From monitoring to action: utilising health survey data in national policy development and implementation in Finland
Authors: Kilpeläinen Katri , Koponen Päivikki , Tolonen Hanna , Koskinen Seppo , Borodulin Katja , Gissler Mika 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Health interview and examination surveys provide valuable information for policy, practice and research purposes. Appropriate use of high-quality, representative and timely population data can indirectly help the citizens to live healthier and longer lives. The aim of this study was to review how health survey data have supported health policy making, health research and everyday health care in Finland.

Methods
Data were collected by focused interviews with ten Finnish senior experts from the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, political parties, National Institute for Health and Welfare, universities, and health associations.

Results
Most interviewees agreed that health surveys have positively affected the health of the population over the past 50 years - through health strategies, care guidelines, legislation, research, prevention programs, risk calculators, and healthier products on the market. There is also a need for further development: the latest research results should be provided in a nutshell for politicians, and effective tools should be developed more for health care professionals’ use. The coverage of health information on children, adolescents, oldest old, disabled persons, migrants and ethnic minorities should be improved.

Conclusions
Sound health policy and its successful implementation require extensive national cooperation and new communication strategies between policy makers, researchers, health care professionals, health service providers - and citizens. The future health information system in Finland should better cover all population groups. To obtain more comprehensive health information, the possibilities for register linkages should be secured and register data should be further evaluated and developed to serve health monitoring purposes.
Vegetarian diets in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Rudloff Silvia , Bührer Christoph , Jochum Frank , Kauth Thomas , Kersting Mathilde , Körner Antje , Koletzko Berthold , Mihatsch Walter , Prell Christine , Reinehr Thomas , Zimmer Klaus-Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn Western countries, vegetarian diets are associated with lower intakes of energy, saturated fatty acids and animal protein and higher intakes of fibre and phytochemicals, compared to omnivorous diets. Whether the corresponding health benefits in vegetarians outweigh the risks of nutrient deficiencies has not been fully clarified. It should be noted that vegetarians often have a higher socioeconomic status, follow a more health-conscious lifestyle with higher physical activity, and refrain from smoking more often than non-vegetarians. The nutritional needs of growing children and adolescents can generally be met through a balanced, vegetable-based diet; however, due to their higher nutrient requirements per kilogramme of body weight, vegetarian children have a higher risk for developing nutrient deficiencies than adults. With a vegetarian diet, the mean intakes of some nutrients, such as the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are lower than in omnivores or those eating fish. For other nutrients, such as iron and zinc, the bioavailability from vegetable foodstuffs is reduced when the intake of phytates and fibre is high; thus, the prevalence of iron deficiency can be increased despite high vitamin C intake. In addition, vitamin B12 is only found in animal-source foods. Vitamin B12 should be supplemented in people of all age groups who follow a strict vegan diet without consuming animal products. A vegetarian diet in childhood and adolescence requires good information and supervision by a paediatrician, if necessary, in cooperation with an appropriately trained dietary specialist.
The “subluxation” issue: an analysis of chiropractic clinic websites
Authors: Marcon Alessandro R. , Murdoch Blake , Caulfield Timothy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Vertebral subluxation theories are controversial in chiropractic. Divisions are evident in the chiropractic community among those who align their practices to subluxation theories and those who do not. This study investigated how many clinics offering chiropractic in the Canadian province of Alberta promote a theory of subluxation, which health ailments or improvements were linked to subluxation, and whether the subluxation discourse was used to promote chiropractic for particular demographics.

Methods
Using the search engine on the Canadian Chiropractic Associations’ website, we made a list of all clinics in Alberta. We then used Google searches to obtain a URL for each clinic with a website, totalling 324 URLs for 369 clinics. We then searched on each website for “subluxation” and performed content analysis on the related content.

Results
One hundred twenty-one clinics’ websites (33%) presented a theory of vertebral subluxation. The health ailments and improvements discussed in relation to subluxation were wide-ranging. An observed trend was the marketing of chiropractic for children, which was observed on 29 clinic websites (8%).

Conclusions
Based on the controversy surrounding vertebral subluxation, the substantial number of clinic websites aligning their practice with vertebral subluxation should cause concern for regulatory bodies.
Perioperative anesthetic management for cesarean delivery of severe Wilson’s disease with liver failure: a case report
Authors: Saito Kana , Onishi Eiko , Itagaki Jun , Toda Noriko , Haitani Azusa , Yamauchi Masanori 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Wilson’s disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting copper metabolism, which presents liver and brain dysfunction caused by abnormal copper accumulation. We report a patient who showed exacerbation of liver failure during pregnancy.

Case presentation
A 24-year-old woman with Wilson’s disease was scheduled for emergency cesarean delivery at 30 weeks of gestation. The patient exhibited severe coagulopathy and prominent body weight gain (+ 30 kg) caused by systemic edema and ascites. We decided to perform emergency cesarean delivery under general anesthesia. We used platelet concentrates, cryoprecipitate, and fibrinogen concentrate. Intraoperative hemorrhage was well controlled. On the 15th postpartum day, weight was reduced by 20 kg and liver function had improved. She and her baby were discharged without complications.

Conclusions
The appropriate continued treatment of Wilson’s disease and supplementation of coagulation factors and/or platelets when indicated greatly increase the likelihood of a successful pregnancy, even in patients with liver failure exacerbation.
The gut microbiome of horses: current research on equine enteral microbiota and future perspectives
Authors: Kauter Anne , Epping Lennard , Semmler Torsten , Antao Esther-Maria , Kannapin Dania , Stoeckle Sabita D. , Gehlen Heidrun , Lübke-Becker Antina , Günther Sebastian , Wieler Lothar H. , Walther Birgit 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the complex interactions of microbial communities including bacteria, archaea, parasites, viruses and fungi of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) associated with states of either health or disease is still an expanding research field in both, human and veterinary medicine. GIT disorders and their consequences are among the most important diseases of domesticated Equidae, but current gaps of knowledge hinder adequate progress with respect to disease prevention and microbiome-based interventions. Current literature on enteral microbiomes mirrors a vast data and knowledge imbalance, with only few studies tackling archaea, viruses and eukaryotes compared with those addressing the bacterial components.Until recently, culture-dependent methods were used for the identification and description of compositional changes of enteral microorganisms, limiting the outcome to cultivatable bacteria only. Today, next generation sequencing technologies provide access to the entirety of genes (microbiome) associated with the microorganisms of the equine GIT including the mass of uncultured microbiota, or “microbial dark matter”.This review illustrates methods commonly used for enteral microbiome analysis in horses and summarizes key findings reached for bacteria, viruses and fungi so far. Moreover, reasonable possibilities to combine different explorative techniques are described. As a future perspective, knowledge expansion concerning beneficial compositions of microorganisms within the equine GIT creates novel possibilities for early disorder diagnostics as well as innovative therapeutic approaches. In addition, analysis of shotgun metagenomic data enables tracking of certain microorganisms beyond species barriers: transmission events of bacteria including pathogens and opportunists harboring antibiotic resistance factors between different horses but also between humans and horses will reach new levels of depth concerning strain-level distinctions.
Advance statements in adult mental healthcare: an update
Authors: Jankovic Jelena , Richards Felicity , Berrisford Giles , Priebe Stefan 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYIn this article we re-examine the conclusions of our article on advance statements in adult mental healthcare that was published in 2010 in the light of new literature published in the intervening decade. We explore the results of studies on the implementation and effectiveness of advance statements in adult mental health services, and then summarise recommendations for legislative changes from the Independent Review of the Mental Health Act 1983 that are relevant for England and Wales.
Histrelin Implantation and Growth Outcomes in Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Swendiman Robert A , Coons Barbara E , Alter Craig A , Bamba Vaneeta , Nance Michael L , Vogiatzi Maria G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) because of 21 hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) are at risk for early or precocious puberty and a short adult height compared to population means and midparental height. The effect of histrelin in suppressing puberty and improving growth in these children has not been reported.

Methods
Retrospective cohort analysis of all patients (age ≤ 20) at our institution who underwent histrelin implantation between 2008 and 2017. Treated patients with CAH (classic and nonclassic forms of 21OHD) were identified and their growth data analyzed.

Results
Fifteen children with CAH were treated with histrelin for a median of 3 years (range 2–5; age at first implantation 7.7 ± 1.5 years). Bone age (BA) to chronologic age (CA) decreased from 1.57 ± 0.4 to 1.25 ± 0.25 (P &lt; .01), while predicted adult height (PAH) increased by 7.1 ± 6.6 cm (P &lt; .01). A subgroup of 10 children reached adult height. Similar changes in BA/CA and PAH were observed with therapy (P = .02). Adult height z improved compared to pretreatment PAH z (–1.42 ± 0.9 vs. –1.96 ± 1.1 respectively, P &lt; .01), but remained lower than midparental height z (P = .01).

Conclusion
In this retrospective cohort study of children with CAH due to 21OHD and early or precocious puberty, histrelin implantation resulted in a decrease in BA progression compared to CA and an improvement in PAH. In the subgroup who completed growth, adult height remained significantly lower than midparental. These results need to be confirmed with prospective controlled studies.
Trends in Central Venous Catheter Insertions by Anesthesia Providers: An Analysis of the Medicare Physician Supplier Procedure Summary From 2007 to 2016
Authors: Rubin Daniel S. , Apfelbaum Jeffrey L. , Tung Avery 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:
Central line insertion is a core skill for anesthesiologists. Although recent technical advances have increased the safety of central line insertion and reduced the risk of central line–associated infection, noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring and improved intravenous access techniques have also reduced the need for perioperative central venous access. We hypothesized that the number of central lines inserted by anesthesiologists has decreased over the past decade. To test our hypothesis, we reviewed the Medicare Physician Supplier Procedure Summary (PSPS) database from 2007 to 2016.

METHODS:
Claims for central venous catheter placement were identified in the Medicare PSPS database for nontunneled and tunneled central lines. Pulmonary artery catheter insertion was included as a nontunneled line claim. We stratified line insertion claims by specialty for Anesthesiology (including Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists and Anesthesiology Assistants), Surgery, Radiology, Pulmonary/Critical Care, Emergency Physicians, Internal Medicine, and practitioners who were not anesthesia providers such as Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) and Physician Assistants (PAs). Utilization rates per 10,000 Medicare beneficiaries were then calculated by specialty and year. Time-based trends were analyzed using Joinpoint linear regression, and the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) was calculated.

RESULTS:
Between 2007 and 2016, total claims for central venous catheter insertions of all types decreased from 440.9 to 325.3 claims/10,000 beneficiaries (AAPC = −3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.6 to −3.2: P < .001). When analyzed by provider specialty and year, the number of nontunneled line insertion claims fell from 43.1 to 15.9 claims/10,000 (AAPC = −7.1; −7.3 to −7.0: P < .001) for surgeons, from 21.3 to 18.5 claims/10,000 (AAPC = −2.5; −2.8 to −2.1: P < .001) for radiologists, and from 117.4 to 72.7 claims/10,000 (AAPC = −5.2; 95% CI, −6.3 to −4.0: P < .001) for anesthesia providers. In contrast, line insertions increased from 18.2 to 26.0 claims/10,000 (AAPC = 3.2; 2.3–4.2: P < .001) for Emergency Physicians and from 3.2 to 9.3 claims/10,000 (AAPC = 6.0; 5.1–6.9: P < .001) for PAs and APNs who were not anesthesia providers. Among anesthesia providers, the share of line claims made by nurse anesthetists increased by 14.5% over the time period.

CONCLUSIONS:
We observed a 38.3% decrease in claims for nontunneled central lines placed by anesthesiologists from 2007 to 2016. These findings have implications for anesthesiology resident training and maintenance of competence among practicing clinicians. Further research is needed to clarify the effect of decreasing line insertion numbers on line insertion competence among anesthesiologists.
An in vitro compartmental system underlines the contribution of mitochondrial immobility to the ATP supply in the NMJ
Authors: Altman Topaz , Geller Danielle , Kleeblatt Elisabeth , Gradus-Perry Tal , Perlson Eran 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the largest, most-complex synapse in the human body. Motor neuron (MN) diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), specifically target MNs and the NMJs. However, little is known about the reasons for MN-selective neuronal and synaptic vulnerability in MN diseases. Here, utilizing a compartmental microfluidic in vitro co-culture system, we provide a possible explanation for why the NMJ, other than its unusual dimensions, differs from other synapses. By using live-imaging techniques, we discovered that cultured MNs display higher axonal and synaptic mitochondrial immobility compared with sympathetic neurons (SNs), leading to a profound enrichment of mitochondria only in the MN NMJ. Furthermore, by employing a synaptic ATP sensor, we show that mitochondrial respiration is the key contributor to ATP production in MN NMJs but not in SN synapses. Taken together, our data suggest that mitochondrial localization underlies the unique and specific qualities of MN NMJs. Our findings shed light on the role of mitochondria in MN and NMJ maintenance, and possibly indicate how mitochondria may serve as a source for selective MN vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Neutrophil phagocyte oxidase activity controls invasive fungal growth and inflammation in zebrafish
Authors: Schoen Taylor J. , Rosowski Emily E. , Knox Benjamin P. , Bennin David , Keller Nancy P. , Huttenlocher Anna 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Neutrophils are primary phagocytes of the innate immune system that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mediate host defense. Deficient phagocyte NADPH oxidase (PHOX) function leads to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) that is characterized by invasive infections, including those by the generally non-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus nidulans. The role of neutrophil ROS in this specific host–pathogen interaction remains unclear. Here, we exploit the optical transparency of zebrafish to image the effects of neutrophil ROS on invasive fungal growth and neutrophil behavior in response to Aspergillus nidulans. In a wild-type host, A. nidulans germinates rapidly and elicits a robust inflammatory response with efficient fungal clearance. PHOX-deficient larvae have increased susceptibility to invasive A. nidulans infection despite robust neutrophil infiltration. Expression of subunit p22phox (officially known as CYBA), specifically in neutrophils, does not affect fungal germination but instead limits the area of fungal growth and excessive neutrophil inflammation and is sufficient to restore host survival in p22phox-deficient larvae. These findings suggest that neutrophil ROS limits invasive fungal growth and has immunomodulatory activities that contribute to the specific susceptibility of PHOX-deficient hosts to invasive A. nidulans infection.
Mammalian TRP ion channels are insensitive to membrane stretch
Authors: Nikolaev Yury A. , Cox Charles D. , Ridone Pietro , Rohde Paul R. , Cordero-Morales Julio F. , Vásquez Valeria , Laver Derek R. , Martinac Boris 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
TRP channels of the transient receptor potential ion channel superfamily are involved in a wide variety of mechanosensory processes, including touch sensation, pain, blood pressure regulation, bone loading and detection of cerebrospinal fluid flow. However, in many instances it is unclear whether TRP channels are the primary transducers of mechanical force in these processes. In this study, we tested stretch activation of eleven TRP channels from six mammalian subfamilies. We found that these TRP channels were insensitive to short membrane stretches in cellular systems. Furthermore, we purified TRPC6 and demonstrated its insensitivity to stretch in liposomes, an artificial bilayer system free from cellular components. Additionally, we demonstrated that, when expressed in C. elegans neurons, mouse TRPC6 restores the mechanoresponse of a touch insensitive mutant but requires diacylglycerol for activation. These results strongly suggest that the mammalian members of the TRP ion channel family are insensitive to tension induced by cell membrane stretching and, thus, are more likely to be activated by cytoplasmic tethers or downstream components and to act as amplifiers of cellular mechanosensory signaling cascades.
The utility and determination of Pcrit in fishes
Authors: Ultsch Gordon R. , Regan Matthew D. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The critical O2 tension (Pcrit) is the lowest PO2 at which an animal can maintain some benchmark rate of O2 uptake (ṀO2). This PO2 has long served as a comparator of hypoxia tolerance in fishes and aquatic invertebrates, but its usefulness in this role, particularly when applied to fishes, has recently been questioned. We believe that Pcrit remains a useful comparator of hypoxia tolerance provided it is determined using the proper methods and hypoxia tolerance is clearly defined. Here, we review the available methods for each of the three steps of Pcrit determination: (1) measuring the most appropriate benchmark ṀO2 state for Pcrit determination (ṀO2,std, the ṀO2 required to support standard metabolic rate); (2) reducing water PO2; and (3) calculating Pcrit from the ṀO2 versus PO2 curve. We make suggestions on best practices for each step and for how to report Pcrit results to maximize their comparative value. We also discuss the concept of hypoxia tolerance and how Pcrit relates to a fish's overall hypoxia tolerance. When appropriate methods are used, Pcrit provides useful comparative physiological and ecological information about the aerobic contributions to a fish's hypoxic survival. When paired with other hypoxia-related physiological measurements (e.g. lactate accumulation, calorimetry-based measurements of metabolic depression, loss-of-equilibrium experiments), Pcrit contributes to a comprehensive understanding of how a fish combines aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism and metabolic depression in an overall strategy for hypoxia tolerance.