bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
easyEndo robotic endoscopy system: Development and usability test in a randomized controlled trial with novices and physicians
Authors: Lee Dong‐Ho , Cheon Byungsik , Kim Joonhwan , Kwon Dong‐Soo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome difficulties are common when using endoscopes. Steering is not intuitive, the endoscope weight is a physical burden to physicians and communication problems often occur between operators.MethodTo overcome these, we developed a robotic endoscopy system and conducted a usability test to compare conventional and robotic manipulation. Nine novices and eighteen physicians participated with the physicians being divided into intermediate and expert groups. The participants performed endoscope insertion into a simulator (physicians) or lesion marking on a testbed (novices) and simulate biopsies.ResultNovices completed the tasks faster and with a lower workload when using robotic manipulation, whereas the experts showed the opposite trend. Still, the intermediates showed no significant difference as trials proceeded. Nevertheless, the learning curve analysis showed that the learning rate in all groups is greater for robotic manipulation (21.02% on average) than for conventional manipulation (13.75%) and predicted that physicians can reach manual performance.ConclusionThe proposed robotic endoscopy system may allow solo‐manipulation using one controller and may be more intuitive and convenient to use than conventional manipulation.
Autonomous platooning of multiple ground vehicles in rough terrain
Authors: Shin Jongho , Kwak Dong Jun , Kim Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study proposes an autonomous platooning algorithm, composed of velocity, and path planning systems, of multiple ground vehicles in rough terrain. The velocity planning system aims to maintain desired distance between preceding and rear vehicles, and the path planning system generates reliable path to make the vehicles move safely under the given rough environment. To supply a reliable velocity command for the maintenance of the predefined distance, a disturbance observer (DOB)‐based control method is employed. An uncertainty‐free longitudinal kinematic model is first utilized for a nominal velocity generator and the DOB is added to the nominal velocity planner for handling various uncertainties generated during the autonomous platooning. On the other hand, the path planning method is developed by employing a passivity‐based model predictive control method. With a derived passivity constraint, the stability of the platooning architecture, that is, the platooning performance, is improved. In addition, the proposed path planning method utilizes dynamic and kinematic models of the ground vehicle as equality constraints, and limited range of states and control input as inequality constraints, and perception result about the vehicle's own neighborhood is employed for generation of the path only in traversable region. Its solution is obtained using the particle swarm optimization method. Then, to follow the generated velocity and path commands, a well developed driving controller, commercially obtainable, is utilized. Finally, field tests are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Consequences of curricular adaptation strategies for implementation at scale
Authors: Drayton Brian , Bernstein Debra , Schunn Christian , McKenney Susan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examines and compares how developers designed two primary science curricula to support teacher adaptation and enable use of innovative materials at scale. The two cases—Literacy Science (a science and literacy curriculum for grades 2–5) and Science as Inquiry (a curriculum focused on matter for grades 3–5)—were selected because the curricula shared many key features, yet the designers undertook the challenge of designing for adaptation in substantially different ways. Data sources for analysis included interviews with design team members, the curriculum materials, and a range of project documentation. A comparative case study approach was chosen to enable an examination of key contrasting features within the context of each curriculum. Both curricula provide teachers with supports to enact an inquiry‐based curriculum in ways that honor science epistemologies. However, one designer team designed explicitly for adaptation by providing worked examples that described a range of possible classroom and learner contingencies, along with alternative solutions. By contrast, the other design 9team sought to build teachers' pedagogical capacity by providing access to content and explanations from the cognitive and natural sciences. The paper examines how these design stances informed materials developed to support teachers' content knowledge, as well as students' scientific inquiry and classroom discourse. These approaches represent different points on a continuum of design for adaptation, each with its own consequences for enactment and the design of written materials. The cases provide models for designers seeking to support teachers at scale.
Casting of Gold Nanoparticles with High Aspect Ratios inside DNA Molds
Authors: Ye Jingjing , Weichelt Richard , Kemper Ulrich , Gupta Vaibhav , König Tobias A. F. , Eychmüller Alexander , Seidel Ralf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDNA nanostructures provide a powerful platform for the programmable assembly of nanomaterials. Here this approach is extended to synthesize rod‐like gold nanoparticles in a full DNA controlled manner. The approach is based on DNA molds containing elongated cavities. Gold is deposited inside the molds using a seeded‐growth procedure. By carefully exploring the growth parameters it is shown that gold nanostructures with aspect ratios of up to 7 can be grown from single seeds. The highly anisotropic growth is in this case controlled only by the rather soft and porous DNA walls. The optimized seeded growth procedure provides a robust and simple routine to achieve continuous gold nanostructures using DNA templating.
Improving deep‐learning‐based fault localization with resampling
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Lei Yan , Mao Xiaoguang , Yan Meng , Xu Ling , Wen Junhao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany fault localization approaches recently utilize deep learning to learn an effective localization model showing a fresh perspective with promising results. However, localization models are generally learned from class imbalance datasets; that is, the number of failing test cases is much fewer than passing test cases. It may be highly susceptible to affect the accuracy of learned localization models. Thus, in this paper, we explore using data resampling to reduce the negative effect of the imbalanced class problem and improve the accuracy of learned models of deep‐learning‐based fault localization. Specifically, for deep‐learning‐based fault localization, its learning feature may require duplicate essential data to enhance the weak but beneficial experience incurred by the class imbalance datasets. We leverage the property of test cases (i.e., passing or failing) to identify failing test cases as the duplicate essential data and propose an iterative oversampling approach to resample failing test cases for producing a class balanced test suite. We apply the test case resampling to representative localization models using deep learning. Our empirical results on eight large‐sized programs with real faults and four large‐sized programs with seeded faults show that the test case resampling significantly improves fault localization effectiveness.
Advanced Battery‐Type Anode Materials for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Deng Xinglan , Zou Kangyu , Cai Peng , Wang Baowei , Hou Hongshuai , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh‐efficiency energy storage technologies and devices have gained numerous attention because of their ever‐increasing requirement. Sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs), as a burgeoning electrochemical energy storage device, combine virtues of rechargeable batteries and electrochemical double layer supercapacitors, delivering both high energy–power density and long cycling life. In the past decades, great efforts have been made to find suitable anode material to conquer the kinetic imbalance between the battery‐type anode with sluggish bulk redox reaction and the capacitor‐type cathode with fast ion absorption/desorption process. By exploring high‐rate performance anode materials, the great reaction kinetic gap between cathodes and anodes can be narrowed down, which directly affects the energy–power densities of SICs. In this article, an overview of advanced battery‐type anode materials is offered for high‐performance SICs with an emphasis on anode structural design and improved energy–power density, including carbonaceous materials, metallic compounds, MXene, organic polymers, and so on. Furthermore, the implementation of presodiation for the sake of optimizing the SICs is also illustrated. Finally, the challenges faced and the perspectives for future developing trends of SICs are discussed.
Alkaline‐Earth Metal Ion Turn‐On Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Encrypted Selective Recognition of AMP
Authors: Zhao Yang , Niu Dian , Tan Jiajing , Jiang Yuqian , Zhu Huajie , Ouyang Guanghui , Liu Minghua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) provides fundamental insights into the chiral structural information of luminescent materials at their excited states, thus contributing to the possibility of encrypting both chirality and luminescence information into functional materials for multi‐purpose applications such as smart chiroptical devices and encrypted recognition systems. Here, by coordination of alkali‐earth metal ions with a chiral histidine‐functionalized amphiphile (methyl (E)‐(2‐styrylthiazole‐4‐carbonyl)‐l‐histidinate, abbreviated as STH), both fluorescence (FL), and CPL signals are encoded into the STH metal complexes. Impressively, the CPL‐active STH/Mg2+ complex features an encrypted selective recognition ability of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) among the three types of adenosine phosphates (ATP, ADP, and AMP), while FL signals cannot distinguish them. It is found that the trans‐cis photo‐isomerization of styrene moiety in the building block leads to significant switching between different molecular configurations, FL and CPL signals, producing a high‐efficiency ON–OFF FL and CPL switch. Although FL switch shows negligible discrimination for three types of adenosines, the CPL‐ON state can efficiently recognize AMP at physiological concentration range, which highlights its prospect as a smart CPL probe toward chiral bioactive compounds.
The Application of Graphene Derivatives in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Su Hongzhen , Wu Tianhao , Cui Danyu , Lin Xuesong , Luo Xinhui , Wang Yanbo , Han Liyuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention due to their high efficiency and low manufacturing cost. However, the defects in perovskite films and the instability issue caused by ion migration limit the further improvement of its efficiency and stability. Graphene and its derivatives are potential materials to solve these problems due to their rich functional groups, environmental stability and compactness, which triggered extensive researches in recent years. In this paper, the development and preparation methods of graphene materials are summarized and then their applications in PSCs are reviewed, with particular emphasis on their function of blocking ion migration.
A sonographer's guide to the clinical utility of left ventricular speckle tracking strain
Authors: Jin Wang Nikolas , Perry Rebecca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpeckle tracking strain (STS) is an advanced echocardiographic modality that is being increasingly implemented as part of the routine clinical echocardiographic assessment. It can overcome many of the limitations of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as STS also accounts for segmental LV function and detects multi‐directional components of myocardial deformation. Furthermore, it is able to detect sub‐clinical changes in LV function, which may not be reflected by the LVEF. This may allow more opportunity for intervention prior to the development of overt heart failure in patients with conditions, or undergoing treatments, that increase the risk of LV dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some chemotherapy treatments. Moreover, STS may assist in differentiation of aetiology in patients with increased LV wall thickness, as well as assisting with better timing of surgery for patients with valvular disease.
An investigation into the factors influencing the cyclic behaviour of buckling‐restrained steel plate shear walls
Authors: Munesi Ali , Sharbatdar Mohammadkazem , Gholhaki Majid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSteel plate shear walls (SPSW) are being increasingly used in steel or concrete structures as lateral load‐resisting systems. Shear buckling is one of the major shortcomings of the SPSW and so to address this issue, buckling‐restrained steel plate shear walls (BRSPSW) have started to appear. Owing to the novel concept of this structural system, this paper aims to investigate the effect of factors influencing the response of BRSPSWs. For this purpose, a parametric study was conducted using ABAQUS software. Based on the results acquired from the hysteretic curves, an increase in the concrete compressive strength does not markedly affect the ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Moreover, it was observed that as the width of the gap between concrete panel and steel plate grows, the energy dissipation and response modification factor are reduced. Besides, the results indicate that as steel strength increases, so energy dissipation increases from 0.7 to 11.7 %. Accordingly, based on a comparison between the rate of improvement in shear capacity arising from an increase in the strength of the concrete panels, frame and steel plate, it is concluded that it would be much more rational to increase the concrete strength so that a high shear capacity can be achieved for the BRSPSW. Lastly, in all models, as the gap width increases from 0 to 20 mm and 20 to 35 mm, ductility decreases by 41 and 30 % respectively.
Experimental optimization of metakaolin and nanosilica composite for geopolymer concrete paver blocks
Authors: Angelin Lincy G. , Velkennedy R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the recent past, there is an increased interest throughout the research community to minimize the production of ozone harming substances which directly affect global warming. Cement production and consumption emit 7% ozone‐depleting substances into the atmosphere consistently. In an attempt to address this challenge, one of the efficient decisions being employed as of late incorporates the utilization of geopolymer concrete (GPC). In this paper, metakaolin is viewed as the key component which is rich in silica and alumina, responsible for the strength and durability of the GPC mix product. It is exposed to varying compositions to discover the ideal compositions to find out the optimum loading that gives the best properties and performance to the GPC paver blocks. Additionally, nanosilica which reduces the pores is included little amounts to the optimized GPC mix to comprehend the additional impact it accommodates the advancement of the performance of GPC mix paver blocks. In order to examine the performance of GPC paver blocks, properties such as density, compressive strength, water absorption, and abrasion resistance were evaluated for different loading levels of metakaolin (10, 20, 30, and 40%) and nanosilica (0.5 and 1%) GPC mix samples. It is seen that 30% metakaolin and 0.5% addition of nanosilica give optimum results than other combination of materials in the GPC mix.
Autocatalysis: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Design
Authors: Hanopolskyi Anton I. , Smaliak Viktoryia A. , Novichkov Alexander I. , Semenov Sergey N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe importance of autocatalysis spans from practical applications such as in chemically amplified photoresists, to autocatalysis playing a fundamental role in evolution as well as a plausible key role in the origin of life. The phenomenon of autocatalysis is characterized by its kinetic signature rather than by its mechanistic aspects. The molecules that form autocatalytic systems and the mechanisms underlying autocatalytic reactions are very diverse. This chemical diversity, combined with the strong involvement of chemical kinetics, creates a formidable barrier for entrance to the field. Understanding these challenges, we wrote this Review with three main goals in mind: (i) To provide a basic introduction to the kinetics of autocatalytic systems and its relation to the role of autocatalysis in evolution, (ii) To provide a comprehensive overview, including tables, of synthetic chemical autocatalytic systems, and (iii) To provide an in‐depth analysis of the concept of autocatalytic reaction networks, their design, and perspectives for their development.
Supporting students' meaningful engagement in scientific modeling through epistemological messages: A case study of contrasting teaching approaches
Authors: Ke Li , Schwarz Christina V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTeachers' instructional practices are critical for guiding students' engagement in scientific practices within the classroom knowledge building community. In this study, we seek to understand how teachers' instructional supports of epistemic aspects involved in scientific modeling may influence students' meaningful engagement in the practice. In particular, we examine two upper elementary teachers' epistemological messages about modeling over the course of a model‐based unit and focus group conversations in consensus model activities to explore the relationship between teachers' instructional supports and students' practice. The results suggest that each teacher was sharing complex messages about various aspects of the modeling practice ranging from procedural to epistemic. Further, those messages were then reflected in students' work. Our findings indicate that teachers' (a) foregrounding of epistemological messages, (b) consistency in emphasizing those messages, and (c) unpacking of those messages may play an important role in how epistemological ideas about modeling are taken up by students. We conclude the paper by discussing implications for supporting teachers in meaningfully enacting modeling practice.
Serial cervical‐length measurements after first episode of threatened preterm labor improve prediction of spontaneous delivery prior to 37 weeks' gestation
Authors: Chiossi G. , Facchinetti F. , Vergani P. , Di Tommaso M. , Marozio L. , Acaia B. , Pignatti L. , Locatelli A. , Spitaleri M. , Benedetto C. , Zaina B. , D'Amico R. ,   PROTECT Collaborative Group
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess whether repeat cervical‐length (CL) measurement in women discharged from hospital after their first episode of threatened preterm labor can predict their risk of spontaneous preterm birth.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of maintenance tocolysis, in which CL was measured on transvaginal ultrasound at the time of hospital discharge and after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, in women who remained undelivered after their first episode of threatened preterm labor. After univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether CL < 10 mm at the time of hospital discharge or at any follow‐up evaluation could predict spontaneous delivery prior to 37 weeks of gestation.ResultsOf 226 women discharged after a diagnosis of threatened preterm labor, 57 (25.2%) delivered spontaneously prior to 37 weeks' gestation. The risk of spontaneous preterm birth was higher among women with CL < 10 mm at hospital discharge compared to those with CL ≥ 10 mm (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 3.3; 95% CI, 1.2–9.2). Moreover, spontaneous preterm delivery was more common when CL < 10 mm was detected up to 2 weeks (aOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.3) or up to 4 weeks (aOR, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.3–22.8) post discharge, as compared with when CL was persistently ≥ 10 mm. The association was not significant when considering CL measurements at 8 weeks, and there was insufficient information to assess the effect of measurements obtained at 12 weeks.ConclusionsWomen who remain undelivered after their first episode of threatened preterm labor continue to be at high risk of spontaneous preterm birth if their CL is below 10 mm at the time of hospital discharge or at any follow‐up visit up to 4 weeks later. CL measurement could be included in the antenatal care of these women in order to stratify their risk of preterm birth, rationalize resource utilization and help clinicians improve pregnancy outcome. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Mass spectrometry imaging based on laser desorption ionization from inorganic and nanophotonic platforms
Authors: Samarah Laith Z. , Vertes Akos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has become an important analytical tool for the label‐free chemical imaging of diverse molecules in biological specimens. This minireview surveys some emerging methods in the context of factors that can lead to inaccurate information in MSI, chemical and spatial aberrations, along with their common sources. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization, based on organic matrices, has become the most widely used MSI technique for biomolecules. However, due to inherent limitations associated with the use of organic matrices, for example, heterogeneous matrix‐analyte cocrystallization, and spectral interferences due to the matrix, laser desorption ionization (LDI) from inorganic and nanophotonic platforms has emerged as an alternative MSI modality with complementary advantages. In this review, inorganic and nanophotonic platforms for LDI‐MSI, their applications in imaging, notable merits, and limitations are described.
Dynamics from symmetries in chiral SU(N) gauge theories
Authors: Bolognesi Stefano , Konishi Kenichi , Luzio Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The symmetries and dynamics of simple chiral SU(N) gauge theories, with matter Weyl fermions in a two-index symmetric tensor and N + 4 anti-fundamental representations, are examined, by taking advantage of the recent developments involving the ideas of generalized symmetries, gauging of discrete center 1-form symmetries and mixed ’t Hooft anomalies. This class of models are particularly interesting because the conventional ’t Hooft anomaly matching constraints allow a chirally symmetric confining vacuum, with no condensates breaking the U(1) × SU(N + 4) flavor symmetry, and with certain set of massless baryonlike composite fermions saturating all the associated anomaly triangles. Our calculations show that in such a vacuum the UV-IR matching of some 0-form−1-form mixed ’t Hooft anomalies fails. This implies, for the theories with even N at least, that a chirally symmetric confining vacuum contemplated earlier in the literature actually cannot be realized dynamically. In contrast, a Higgs phase characterized by some gauge-noninvariant bifermion condensates passes our improved scrutiny.
Chiral perturbation theory for GR
Authors: Krasnov Kirill , Shtanov Yuri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We describe a new perturbation theory for General Relativity, with the chiral first-order Einstein-Cartan action as the starting point. Our main result is a new gauge-fixing procedure that eliminates the connection-to-connection propagator. All other known first-order formalisms have this propagator non-zero, which significantly increases the combinatorial complexity of any perturbative calculation. In contrast, in the absence of the connection-to-connection propagator, our formalism leads to an effective description in which only the metric (or tetrad) propagates, there are only cubic and quartic vertices, but some vertex legs are special in that they cannot be connected by the propagator. The new formalism is the gravity analog of the well-known and powerful chiral description of Yang-Mills theory.