bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostatectomía radical robótica en pacientes con cáncer de próstata de alto riesgo
Authors: Gil Villa Sergio Alberto 
Published: December 2020

ANTECEDENTES: Entre 20 y 30% de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata éste es de alto riesgo. Si bien el tratamiento de estos pacientes es motivo de controversia, también es verdad que puede iniciarse un protocolo multimodal, que se inicia con la prostatectomía radical robótica.OBJETIVO: Reportar los resultados de la prostatectomía radical robótica en pacientes con cáncer localizado de próstata de alto riesgo.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, observacional y longitudinal, efectuado en pacientes con prostatectomía radical robótica, con al menos un criterio de enfermedad de alto riesgo (antígeno prostático específico ≥ 20 ng/mL, estadio clínico ≥ T2c y/o Gleason ≥ 8). Se analizaron variables preoperatorias y perioperatorias, además del seguimiento oncológico y funcional. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y los datos se procesaron con el programa SPSS.RESULTADOS: Se registraron 128 pacientes, pero solo 21 cumplieron con al menos un criterio de enfermedad de alto riesgo. El criterio más común fue el puntaje de Gleason > 8 (52.4%); la media de edad fue de 68.9 años, concentración de antígeno prostático específico de 19 ng/mL, tiempo quirúrgico de 300.2 minutos, pérdida sanguínea estimada 494.8 mL, requerimiento de transfusión 4.8%. Se observaron complicaciones en 33.3% de los casos; la estancia hospitalaria fue de 6.9 días y permanencia de la sonda vesical de 13.9 días; márgenes quirúrgicos positivos en 47.6%, recurrencia bioquímica 28.6%, terapia coadyuvante 38.1%; continencia y función eréctil conservada 58.8 y 47% a 12 meses de seguimiento, respectivamente.CONCLUSIONES: La prostatectomía radical robótica es un procedimiento de mínima invasión seguro, con baja morbilidad y resultados perioperatorios y funcionales satisfactorios. Se requieren estudios adicionales y seguimiento a largo plazo.PALABRAS CLAVE: Cáncer de próstata; prostatectomía radical; cirugía robótica.
Carcinoma del uraco: reporte de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía
Authors: Tellez Gerardo Sandoval 
Published: December 2020

ANTECEDENTES: Los tumores del uraco constituyen menos de 1% de las neoplasias de vejiga y aproximadamente 20 a 35% de los adenocarcinomas vesicales. Hasta la fecha se sabe poco de esta patología; la etiología y patogénesis son aún inciertas y no se han identificado factores de riesgo para padecer estos tumores. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino de 41 años de edad, quien acudió al servicio de Urología por hematuria macroscópica, no formadora de coágulos, asociada con dolor en el hipogastrio. A la exploración física se observó el abdomen con discreto aumento de volumen en el hipogastrio y a la palpación un tumor de aproximadamente 5 cm, dependiente de la cicatriz umbilical, móvil, no doloroso ni fijo en los planos profundos, ligeramente indurado. La tomografía abdominopélvica mostró la vejiga urinaria con engrosamiento de la pared y en la línea media una imagen irregular, heterogénea, de 38 x 27 mm, con múltiples calcificaciones periféricas puntiformes. La cistoscopia evidenció un tumor en la cúpula vesical de aspecto sólido, con zonas de color marrón, diámetro aproximado de 3 cm y bordes irregulares. El tratamiento consistió en cistectomía parcial y resección en bloque del uraco, además de linfadenectomía y omentectomía, con resultados satisfactorios. CONCLUSIONES: El carcinoma del uraco es una alteración poco frecuente; la mayor parte de la información proviene de reportes y series de casos. El tratamiento de elección consiste en cistectomía parcial y resección en bloque del uraco, con la que se obtienen buenos resultados, enfermedad libre de progresión y supervivencia de 40 a 60%, según el tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico implementado. PALABRAS CLAVE: Carcinoma; uraco; cistectomía.
Contra el nuevo revisionismo democrático: el alcance del valor moral de la democracia en K.-O. Apel
Authors: García-Marzá Domingo 
Published: December 2020

El actual declive democrático, el incumplimiento sistemático de las expectativas de igualdad, inclusión y participación, está minando la credibilidad y la confianza del conjunto de instituciones que conforman el sistema democrático. La corriente revisionista de la democracia da buena cuenta de este nuevo escenario donde la democracia no es ni la única ni la mejor respuesta al cómo organizar nuestra vida en común, de lograr una formación colectiva de la voluntad. En este contexto, la democracia corre el peligro de difuminar su legitimación bajo conceptos como democracia iliberal o democracia algorítmica. La expansión del populismo, las tecnologías digitales y una nueva reivindicación de la expertocracia, conforman un horizonte nada tranquilizador. Hace falta repensar la democracia y justificar una perspectiva crítica que nos permita fundamentar moralmente los valores que le dan sentido.
Para este fin necesitamos recuperar el valor intrínseco de la democracia, su valor moral. Y es en esta reflexión donde es importante utilizar algunas ideas de K.O. Apel que tienen que ver con su justificación del valor moral de la democracia y el alcance de una ética de la democracia. A lo largo de sus trabajos Apel insistió en la necesidad de fundamentar un criterio de validez moral, una ética discursiva o comunicativa, capaz de dar razón de la legitimidad de las expectativas que genera la democracia, pero también de la posibilidad de unos criterios normativos para la aplicación de la exigencia moral del reconocimiento recíproco, una realización que tuviera en cuenta la historia y la situación particular, los contextos plurales, complejos y globales en los que vivimos. Ambos momentos permiten una perspectiva crítica capaz de argumentar contra el actual revisionismo y justificar las bases éticas que subyacen a nuestra confianza en la democracia y en sus instituciones.
Penilaian Kinerja Guru Mengenai Profesionalisme Guru Di Smp Negeri 2 Pangaribuan Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun 2020
Authors: Gultom Tiamsa 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang penilaian kinerja guru untuk mengukur profesionalisme guru di SMP Negeri 2 Pangaribuan. Adapun kajiannya dilatar belakangi oleh tuntutan seorang guru yang profesioanl dalam semua mata pelajar di semua jenjang pendidikan. Terlebih dengan peraturan UUD Guru dan Dosen, serta adanya sertifikasi pendidik. Maka untuk dapat mengukur itu dilakukan penilaian kinerja guru yang meliputi empat komponen dasar, yaitu pedagogik, kepribadian, sosial, dan profesional. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab permasalahan: (1) Bagaimana penilaian kinerja guru di SMP Negeri 2 Pangaribuan?, (2) Bagaimana upaya yang harus dilakukan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru di SMP Negeri 2 Pangaribuan?. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian lapangan (field research). Oleh karena itu objek yang diteliti di sekolah yang sekiranya mampu memberikan informasi tentang kajian penelitian. Agar penelitian ini dapat tercapai dengan baik, maka dalam metode penelitiannya diperlukan langkah-langkah sistematis berencana, dan sesuai dengan kaidah keilmuan. Selain itu penelitian kualitatif juga dilakukan secara intensif, berpartisipasi untuk mencatat segala data kemudian melakukan analisis terhadap data yang didapat selama penelitian. Kajian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1).Kinerja guru dapat diukur dengan dilakukan penilaian kinerja guru yang merupakan suatu kegiatan membina dan mengembangkan guru profesional yang dilakukan dari guru, oleh guru, untuk guru. Kepala sekolah menilai pelaksanaan pembelajaran meliputi pra pembelajaran (pengecekan kesiapan kelas dan apersepsi), kegiatan inti (penguasaan materi, strategi pembelajaran, pemanfaatan media/sumber, penilaian proses dan hasil belajar, penggunaan bahasa), dan menutup (refleksi, rangkuman dan tindak lanjut) (2) Upaya kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru dengan memberikan (a) pembinaan kepada para guru dalam menyusun rencana pembelajaran, (b) memantau para guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran, (c) mengawasi jalannya program-program kegiatan pendidikan., (d) mengecek keadaan dan keutuhan fasilitas sekolah sebagai penunjang prestasi peserta didik, (e) mengevaluasi lewat briefing dan rapat program pendidikan
KES-KES PENGANGKATAN ANAK DI MAHKAMAH SYARIAH NEGERI SABAH
Authors: ABAS NOORYASMENSHARINI , SINTANG SURAYA 
Published: December 2020

Abstrak Enakmen Mahkamah Syariah Negeri Sabah tahun 2004 memperuntukkan bahawa Mahkamah Syariah Negeri Sabah berbidang kuasa memutuskan Permohonan Pengangkatan Anak oleh orang Islam. Peruntukan undang-undang ini telah memberikan kuasa eksklusif kepada Mahkamah Syariah di negeri Sabah kerana tidak ada negeri di Malaysia yang memperuntukkan kuasa sedemikian kepada Mahkamah Syariah, selain daripada negeri Sabah. Peringkat Mahkamah Syariah yang berbidang kuasa memutuskan Permohonan Pengangkatan Anak oleh orang Islam di negeri Sabah adalah Mahkamah Tinggi Syariah. Bersesuaian dengan kuasa eksklusif tersebut, maka objektif kajian ini adalah bagi mengkaji kes-kes Permohonan Pengangkatan Anak yang telah diputuskan di Mahkamah Syariah negeri Sabah dan mencadangkan penambahbaikan dalam prosedur yang sedia ada. Metode pengumpulan data kajian ini adalah kajian dokumentasi melalui kes-kes yang didaftarkan di Mahkamah Syariah di negeri Sabah dan juga wawancara terhadap pegawai yang terlibat. Hasil kajian ini dapat memberi pendedahan kepada masyarakat Islam di negeri Sabah dalam memahami proses Permohonan Pengangkatan Anak oleh orang Islam yang dikendalikan oleh Mahkamah Syariah negeri Sabah.
Abstract Under the Sabah Syariah Courts Enactment 2004, the Sabah State Syariah Court has exclusive jurisdiction of all actions and proceedings pertaining to the Application of Child Adoption by Muslims. No other state in Malaysia provides their Syariah courts with similar exclusive provisions in matters pertaining to child adoption for Muslims. This study examines child adoption cases that had been decided by the Sabah State Syariah Courts and proposes improvements to the current procedures. Data collection for this study relied on (i) analysis of documents on cases registered with the Sabah State Syariah Courts and (ii) interviews with the relevant officers. The outcome of this study seeks to provide insights to Muslims in Sabah on the processes of child adoption application under the jurisdiction of the Sabah State Syariah Courts.
Evaluation of cytotoxic potential of L-asparaginase from Scopulariopsis brevicaulis on cell lines in vitro
Authors: Renita Maria D’Souza , Asha Abraham 
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: This study reports the cytotoxic potential of L-Asparaginase isolated from the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis.
Materials and Methods: Extracellular L- Asparaginase was isolated from Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by dialysis, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Varying concentrations (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 µg/ml) of purified L-Asparaginase was tested on MCF7, HeLa, HepG2 and 3T3L1cell lines by MTT assay. Curcumin was maintained as a positive control.
Results: Minimum inhibition of 23.57% was observed at an enzyme concentration of 31.25 µg/ml and maximum inhibition (66.41%) was observed at 500 µg/ml against MCF7 cell line. Minimum inhibition of 2.87% was observed at an enzyme concentration 31.25 µg/ml and maximum inhibition (58.49%) was observed at 500 µg/ml against HeLa cell line. Minimum inhibition of 4.58% was shown at an enzyme concentration of 31.25 µg/ml and maximum inhibition (46.14 %) was observed at 500 µg/ml against HepG2 cell line. Minimum inhibition of 1.4% was shown by enzyme concentration 31.25 µg/ml and maximum inhibition (50.9%) was observed at 500 µg/ml against 3T3L1 cell line.
Conclusion: We report for the first time the cytotoxic potential of L-Asparaginase from Scopulariopsis brevicaulis.
The efficacy of two-year yogic practice on selected pulmonary function test in postmenopausal women
Authors: Ramesh Bhat , Chatterjee Pratik Kumar , Suman Veerappa Budihal , Nayanatara Arun Kumar , . Kunal , Vinodini Nithyananda Madom Anantharaya 
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: Menopausal transition has been well associated with a series of hormonal changes that has been linked to impairment of respiratory function. The present study was designed to evaluate the cumulative effect of practicing yoga on certain respiratory parameters in postmenopausal women.
Materials and Methods: Sixty postmenopausal women were divided into two groups (n=30 each). Based on the duration of yoga, they were grouped into Group I – (Regularly doing yoga for one year) and Group II (Regularly doing yoga for the two years). The women not doing any yogic exercises were taken as the control group; Group Ia (for One year) and Group II a (for two years). The respiratory parameters were measured with the help of vitalograph.
Results: All the observed respiratory parameters such as vital capacity (VC), Forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1 (Forced expiratory volume during the 1st second.), FEV1 ratio, PEFR (Peak expiratory flow rate). FEF50 (Forced Expiratory Flow at 50%), showed a significant (P<0.0001) improvement in Group II when compared to the Group I.
Conclusion: Yoga practice can be advocated to improve pulmonary function tests in post-menopausal women which might help in preventing respiratory diseases during aging process. Optimum benefit of yoga was observed during the two years of yoga practice in the postmenopausal women. Continued practice of yoga might be also considered as a preventive exercise to impair age related morbidity and improve the quality of life.
Effect of mobilization on ankle mobility and balance performance in diabetic patients
Authors: Jerome Albin , Jeyabalan Karthikeyan , Keong Hoe Kean , Gharote Gaurai 
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: Diabetic Cheiroarthropathy is defined as the condition of restriction joint mobility due to pseudo-sclerodermatous hand, the fibrosis of the elastin connective tissues over the skin. It limits joint mobility especially around Tibia fibular mobility that are interrelated with the flexibility of ankle motion that results in the balance disorder in diabetic population. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the tibia fibular mobilization technique on ankle joint in diabetes mellitus patients.
Materials and Methods: 60 diabetic subjects were randomly assigned into experimental group and control, in which experimental group received Tibia fibular mobilization technique and conventional treatment whereas control group received only conventional treatment 1 time a week for 3 weeks. Results: There is no significant difference in Ankle dorsi flexion range of motion in both extremities but there is significant difference in ankle plantar flexion range of motion in both extremities and functional reach test in both extremities.
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the ankle plantar flexion range of motion and functional reach test, Hence, mobilization of Tibiofibular joint will be beneficial in improving the ankle range of motion and balance factor in the diabetic population.
Comparison of Jaffe and enzymatic methods for creatinine estimation and their effect in GFR calculation in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sarangi RajLaxmi , Mishra Sanjukta , Pathak Mona , Mahapatra Srikrushna 
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: Serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) gives the idea of overall functional status of kidney. Measurement of SCr by different method and discordant result between them can misclassify different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many of the tertiary care health centre, SCr measured by Jaffe method is still the method of choice because of its cost effectiveness even if it is more susceptible for interference. Our aim was to measure SCr level by both Jaffe’s & enzymatic method and analysing the discordance rate of eGFR and their effect in staging of kidney disease in CKD patients.
Materials and Methods: In this observational study 330 serum sample were analysed for creatinine by Jaffe’s and enzymatic methods in a fully automated analyser using commercially available kits. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula was used for estimating GFR.
Results: In 330 subjects eGFR values calculated on incorporating SCr were found as 58.84 ± 68.34 (median (IQR) = 26.67(15.09-90.84) and 44.49 ± 41.18 (Median (IQR) = 26.86 (14.69-67.69))
ml/min/1.73 m2 respectively by Jaffe’s and enzymatic method. Concordance correlation coefficient between two methods for SCr was statistically significant. Bland-Altman plot showed with increasing value of SCr, the difference between the SCr values given by these two methods increased. Jaffe’s creatinine has lower value in comparison to enzymatic Cr. There was a significant difference between eGFR obtained from SCr estimated by Jaffe’s and enzymatic method.
Conclusion: All laboratory should use uniform method for creatinine estimation. Enzymatic method for creatinine estimation should not be compromised over cost of test, so that less variability in creatinine result can lead to more accurate staging of the disease.
Biases in the albedo sensitivity to deforestation in CMIP5 models and their impacts on the associated historical radiative forcing
Authors: Lejeune Quentin , Davin Edouard L. , Duveiller Grégory , Crezee Bas , Meier Ronny , Cescatti Alessandro , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Climate model biases in the representation of albedo variations between land cover classes contribute to uncertainties on the climate impact of land cover changes since pre-industrial times, especially on the associated radiative forcing. Recent publications of new observation-based datasets offer opportunities to investigate these biases and their impact on historical surface albedo changes in simulations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Conducting such an assessment is, however, complicated by the non-availability of albedo values for specific land cover classes in CMIP and the limited number of simulations isolating the land use forcing. In this study, we demonstrate the suitability of a new methodology to extract the albedo of trees and crops–grasses in standard climate model simulations. We then apply it to historical runs from 17 CMIP5 models and compare the obtained results to satellite-derived reference data. This allows us to identify substantial biases in the representation of the albedo of trees and crops–grasses as well as the surface albedo change due to the transition between these two land cover classes in the analysed models. Additionally, we reconstruct the local surface albedo changes induced by historical conversions between trees and crops–grasses for 15 CMIP5 models. This allows us to derive estimates of the albedo-induced radiative forcing from land cover changes since pre-industrial times. We find a multi-model range from 0 to −0.17 W m−2, with a mean value of −0.07 W m−2. Constraining the surface albedo response to transitions between trees and crops–grasses from the models with satellite-derived data leads to a revised multi-model mean estimate of −0.09 W m−2 but an increase in the multi-model range. However, after excluding one model with unrealistic conversion rates from trees to
crops–grasses the remaining individual model results vary between −0.03 and −0.11 W m−2. These numbers are at the lower end of the range provided by the IPCC AR5 (-0.15±0.10 W m−2). The approach described in this study can be applied to other model simulations, such as those from CMIP6, especially as the evaluation diagnostic described here has been included in the ESMValTool v2.0.
Addressing Misinformation on Whatsapp in India Through Intermediary Liability Policy, Platform Design Modification, and Media Literacy
Authors: Medeiros Ben , Singh Pawan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Through a case study of lynchings in India that are perceived to have been catalyzed by misinformation on WhatsApp, this article explores how policymakers can mitigate social media misinformation without compromising public discourse. We evaluate the costs and benefits of three approaches to managing misinformation: intermediary liability reform, changes to platform design, and public information endeavors addressing user attitudes and behaviors. We find that while current media literacy endeavors seem somewhat misdirected, more locally attuned initiatives might productively address the underlying susceptibility to misinformation while avoiding the free speech compromises that come with stringent liability rules and restrictions on anonymous speech.
Conducting Critical Analysis on International Communication Rights Standards: The Contributions of Graphical Knowledge Modeling
Authors: Landry Normand , Pilote Anne-Marie , Brunelle Anne-Marie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing the computerized application of Modeling using Object Types (MOT) theory, this article examines the normative dimension of official interpretations of a corpus of core “communication rights” (the right to freedom of opinion and expression, the right to privacy, the right to participate in cultural life, and the right to education) enshrined and protected by the International Covenants on Human Rights. This article proposes a methodological contribution whereby the computerized application of knowledge modeling theory promotes the analysis and popularization of international human rights standards. Research findings draw attention to significant conceptual deficiencies included as part of international human rights standards. These deficiencies undermine the applicability of these standards and their relative usefulness in the context of complex sociopolitical issues relating to communication. In addition, this article underscores the need for communication rights studies to further integrate contributions from the field of international human rights law research. It demonstrates that interdisciplinary dialogue can open up new research agendas for communication rights scholars and contribute to a renewed critical analysis of international human rights standards.
Communication Rights for Social Bots?: Options for the Governance of Automated Computer-Generated Online Identities
Authors: Pedrazzi Stefano , Oehmer Franziska 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial bots, automated agents operating in social networks, are suspected of influencing online debates, opinion-formation processes and thus, the outcome of elections and votes. They do so by contributing to the dissemination of illegal content and disinformation and by jeopardizing an accurate perception of the relevance and popularity of persons, topics, or positions, through their potentially unlimited communication and networking activities, all under the false pretense of human identity. This paper identifies and discusses preventive and repressive governance options for dealing with social bots on state, organizational, and individual levels respecting the constitutional provisions on free expression and opinion-formation.