bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LINC00649 Underexpression is an Adverse Prognostic Marker in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Guo Chao , Gao Ya-yue , Ju Qian-qian , Zhang Chun-xia , Gong Ming , Li Zhen-ling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play a role in leukemogenesis, maintenance, development, and therapeutic resistance of AML. While few studies have focused on the prognostic significance of LINC00649 in AML, which we aim to investigate in this present study.Methods We compared the expression level of LINC00649 between AML patients and healthy controls. The Kaplan-Meier curves of AML patients expressing high versus low level of LINC00649 was performed. The LINC00649 correlated genes/miRNAs/lncRNAs and methylation CpG sites were screened by Pearson correlation analysis with R (version 3.6.0), using TCGA-LAML database. The LINC00649 associated ceRNA network was established using lncBase 2.0 and miRWalk 2.0 online tools, combining results from correlation analysis. Finally, a prediction model was constructed using LASSO-Cox regression.Results LINC00649 was underexpressed in bone marrow of AML group than that in healthy control group. The patients of LINC00649-low group have significantly inferior PFS and OS. A total of 154 mRNAs, 31 miRNAs, 28 lncRNAs and 1590 methylated CpG sites were identified to be significantly correlated with LINC00649. Furthermore, the network of ceRNA was established with 6 miRNAs and 122 mRNAs. The Lasso-Cox model fitted OS/PFS to novel prediction models, which integrated clinical factors, ELN risk stratification, mRNA/miRNA expression and methylation profiles. The analysis of time-dependent ROC for our model showed a superior AUC (AUC = 0.916 at 1 year, AUC = 0.916 at 3 years, and AUC = 0.891 at 5 years).Conclusions Low expression of LINC00649 is an unfavorable prognostic marker for AML patients. The analysis by LASSO-COX regression identified a novel comprehensive model with a superior diagnostic utility, which integrated clinical and genetic variables.
SMAD4 Haploinsufficiency in Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Hofving Tobias , Elias Erik , Rehammar Anna , Inge Linda , Altiparmak Gülay , persson marta , kristiansson Erik , Johansson Martin E , Nilsson Ola , Arvidsson Yvonne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SINETs) frequently present with lymph node and liver metastases at the time of diagnosis, but the molecular changes that lead to the progression of these tumors are largely unknown. Sequencing studies have only identified recurrent point mutations in a single gene, CDKN1B, with heterozygous mutations in less than 10% of all tumors. Although SINETs are genetically stable tumors with a low frequency of point mutations and indels, they often harbor recurrent hemizygous copy number alterations (CNAs) yet the functional implications of these CNA are unclear.MethodsUtilizing comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) arrays we analyzed the CNA profile of 131 SINETs from 117 patients. Two tumor suppressor genes and corresponding proteins i.e. SMAD4, and CDKN1B, were further characterized using a tissue microarray (TMA) with 846 SINETs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to quantify protein expression in TMA samples and this was correlated with chromosome number evaluated with fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). Intestinal tissue from a Smad4+/- mouse model was used to detect entero-endocrine cell hyperplasia with IHC.ResultsAnalyzing the CGH arrays we found loss of chromosome 18q and SMAD4 in 71% of SINETs and that focal loss of chromosome 12 affecting the CDKN1B was present in 9.4% of SINETs. No homozygous loss of chromosome 18 was detected. Hemizygous loss of SMAD4, but not CDKN1B, significantly correlated with reduced protein levels but hemizygous loss of SMAD4 did not induce entero-endocrine cell hyperplasia in the Smad4+/- mouse model. Conclusions Hemizygous loss of chromosome 18q and the SMAD4 gene is the most common genetic event in SINETs and our results suggests that this could influence SMAD4 protein expression. Although SMAD4 haploinsufficiency alone did not induce tumor initiation, loss of chromosome 18 could represent an evolutionary advantage in SINETs explaining the high prevalence of this aberration. Functional consequences of reduced SMAD4 protein levels could hypothetically be a potential mechanism as to why loss of chromosome 18 appears to be clonally selected in SINETs.
Impact of COVID-19 on small-scale coastal fisheries of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Campbell Stuart , Jakub Raymond , Valdivia Abel , Setiawan Haris , Setiawan Agus , Cox Courtney , Kiyo Askabul , Darman  , Djafar Lely , Rosa Emilio de la , Suherfian Wahid , Yuliani Ade , Kushardanto Hari , Muawanah Umi , Rukma Arwandrija , Alimi Taufiq , Box Stephen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Numerous reports suggest that the volume and value of fish catches in fisheries worldwide have declined since the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. To quantify the effects of the pandemic on small scale fisheries in Indonesia we collected catch data across Southeast Sulawesi using a digital data collection system. We show that the number of active fishers and traders declined by more than 60% after the pandemic was announced. While average weight of catch per trip increased across fishers, average price of fish declined. Interviews with 185 fishers and traders revealed that low demand and a decline in price were the primary causes of disruption in their lives. Approximately 75% of fishers are coping by continuing to fish, highlighting that there were few alternative livelihoods available at the time of the interviews. Our results provide key insights into the vulnerability of small-scale fishing communities to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Can Reasoned Mass Testing Impact on Covid-19 Hard Outcomes in Wide Community Contexts? An Evidence-based Opinion
Authors: Cassone Antonio , Crisanti Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We provide data of Covid-19 epidemic in two geographycally contiguous Italian regions, Lombardy and Veneto, which were the first and simultaneously hit by SARS-2-Cov in Italy but showed markedly different disease outcome in terms of case fatality rate, mortality and hospitalization.. We discuss similarities and differences in the regional context and conclude that Covid-19 better outcome in Veneto was due, at least in part, to the adoption of a strategy of active search of asymptomatic SARS-2-CoV infections ( Reasoned Mass Testing;) instead of a strategy strictly based on detection of symptomatic cases.SARS.
Prevalence and predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Shengir Mohamed , Krishnamurthy Srinivasan , Ghali Peter , Deschenes Marc , Wong Philip , Chen Tianyan , Sebastiani Giada 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background & Aims: Polycystic ovary disease (PCOS) may be a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to common pathogenetic pathways, including insulin resistance and obesity. Both PCOS and NAFLD are more severe in South Asian women. Data on NAFLD in South Asian women with PCOS are lacking.Methods: We investigated prevalence and predictors of NAFLD and liver fibrosis by transient elastography (TE) with associated controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in PCOS patients from South Asia, through a routine screening program. NAFLD was defined as CAP >288 dB/m. Significant liver fibrosis (stage 2 and higher out of 4) was defined as TE measurement >8.0 kPa. Elevated ALT was defined as ALT >24 IU/L, as per upper limit of normal reported in South Asian women. Hyperandrogenism was defined as free androgen index >5. Predictors of NAFLD were determined by logistic regression analysis.Results: 101 PCOS patients (mean age 36.3 years) with no significant alcohol intake or viral hepatitis were included. Prevalence of NAFLD and significant liver fibrosis was 39.6% and 6.9%, respectively. Elevated ALT was observed in 40.0% and 11.5% of patients with and without NAFLD, respectively. After adjusting for duration of PCOS and insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR, independent predictors of NAFLD were higher BMI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.30, 95% CI 1.13-1.52), hyperandrogenism (aOR 5.32, 95% CI 1.56-18.17) and elevated ALT (aOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.10-11.47). Lifetime cardiovascular risk was higher in patients with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD (0.31+0.11 vs. 0.26+0.13).Conclusions: Despite their young age, NAFLD diagnosed by TE with CAP is a frequent comorbidity in South Asian women with PCOS and is strongly associated with higher BMI and hyperandrogenism. Non-invasive screening strategies could help early diagnosis and initiation of interventions, including counselling on weight loss, cardiovascular risk stratification and linkage to hepatology care where appropriate.
18F-FDG brain PET metabolism in post-SARS-CoV-2 infection: substrate for persistent/delayed disorders?
Authors: Guedj Eric , Million Matthieu , Dudouet Pierre , Tissot-Dupont Hervé , Bregeon Fabienne , Cammilleri Serge , Raoult Didier 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Several brain complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported. It has been moreover speculated that this neurotropism could potentially cause a delayed outbreak of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases of neuroinflammatory origin. A propagation mechanism has been proposed across the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, from the nose to the olfactory epithelium, and possibly afterwards to other limbic structures, and deeper parts of the brain including the brainstem. Methods: Review of clinical examination, and whole-brain voxel-based analysis of 18F-FDG PET metabolism in comparison to healthy subjects (p-voxel<0.001, p-cluster<0.05), of two patients with confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia explored at the post-viral stage of the disease.Results: Hypometabolism of the olfactory/rectus gyrus was found on the two patients, especially one with 4 weeks prolonged anosmia. Additional hypometabolisms were found within bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, thalamus, pons and medulla brainstem in the other patient who complained of delayed onset of an atypical painful syndrome.Conclusion: These preliminary findings reinforce the hypotheses of SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism through the olfactory bulb, and the possible extension of this impairment to other limbic structures and to the brainstem. 18F-FDG PET hypometabolism could constitute a cerebral quantitative biomarker of this involvement. Post-viral cohort studies are required to specify the exact relationship between limbic/brainstem hypometabolisms and the possible persistent disorders, especially involving cognitive or emotion disturbances, residual respiratory symptoms or painful complaints.
Correlation Between Foot Posture Index and Radiographic Parameters
Authors: Cho Yun Jae , Lee Jae Hee , Kyung Min Gyu , Shin Min Seok , Park Jay Hoon , Lee Dong Yeon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) is a validated and rapid clinical method for evaluating standing foot posture through assessing six individual criteria. Although it has been widely used without radiographic examination, evidences for correlation of FPI-6 with radiographic parameters remain scanty. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation of FPI-6 with radiographic measurements and to assess the feasibility of FPI-6 for clinical evaluation of standing foot postures. Methods: Sixty patients (M:F,33:27, mean age 62 ) of foot and ankle symptoms and 40 asymptomatic male volunteers (age, 20-28), were included in this study. FPI-6 scores were evaluated by 4 raters and inter-rater reliability of FPI-6 was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Radiologic measurements including talo-first metatarsal angle (TMA), Meary’s angle (MA), talonavicular coverage angle (TNCA), talocalcaneal angle (TCA), calcaneal pitch angle (CPA), and hindfoot alignment angle (HAA) were measured. For the correlation analysis between FPI-6 and radiographic parameters, statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation test.Results: Inter-rater reliability was ‘high to excellent’ among raters. However, FPI-6 score was more repeatable in patients group and in more experienced raters. In total group, FPI-6 score was correlated with TNCA, TMA, lateral TCA, MA, and HAA. Especially, TNCA and HAA were more strongly correlated among them. When we analyzed the subdomains of FPI-6, the congruence of the medial longitudinal arch and the prominence in the region of the talonavicular joint were most strong indicators for TNCA and HAA, respectively. Conclusion: This study manifested that not only the feasibility of the FPI-6, but also its correlation to radiographic parameters, is significant for both the patients and the asymptomatic group. We assert that FPI-6 scoring system can be used as a first-line tool for foot posture assessment in clinics without radiographic evaluation if used carefully.
Systematic Review on Wearable Lower-Limb Exoskeletons for Gait Training in Neuromuscular Impairments
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Antonio , Lobo-Prat Joan , Font-Llagunes Josep M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Gait disorders can reduce the quality of life for people with neuromuscular impairments. Therefore, walking recovery is one of the main priorities for counteracting sedentary lifestyle, reducing secondary health conditions and restoring legged mobility. At present, wearable powered lower-limb exoskeletons are emerging as a revolutionary technology for robotic gait rehabilitation. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview on wearable lower-limb exoskeletons for people with neuromuscular impairments, addressing the following three questions: (1) what is the current technological status of wearable lower-limb exoskeletons for gait rehabilitation?, (2) what are the benefits and risks for exoskeleton users?, and (3) what is the current evidence on clinical efficacy for wearable exoskeletons?. We analyzed 87 clinical studies focusing on both device technology (e.g., actuators, sensors, structure) and clinical aspects (e.g., training protocol, outcome measures, patient impairments), and make available the database with all the compiled information. The results of the literature survey reveal that wearable exoskeletons have potential for a number of applications including early rehabilitation, promoting physical exercise, and carrying out daily living activities both at home and the community. Likewise, wearable exoskeletons may improve mobility and independence in non-ambulatory people, and may reduce secondary health conditions related to sedentariness, with all the advantages that this entails. However, the use of this technology is still limited by heavy and bulky devices, which require supervision and the use of walking aids. In addition, evidence supporting their benefits is still limited to short-intervention trials with few participants and diversity among their clinical protocols. Wearable lower-limb exoskeletons for gait rehabilitation are still in their early stages of development and randomized control trials are needed to demonstrate their clinical efficacy.
SPP1 Promotes Schwann Cell Proliferation and Survival through PKCα by Binding with CD44 and αvβ3 after Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Wang Jiang-Bo , Zhang Zhan , Li Jian-Nan , Yang Tuo , Du Shuang , Cao Rang-Juan , Cui Shu-Sen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury. The expression of genes in SCs undergo a series of changes, which greatly affect the proliferation and apoptosis of SCs as well as the fate of peripheral nerve regeneration. However, how do these genes regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of SCs remains unclear. Results: SPP1 and PKCα were found upregulated after human median peripheral nerve injury, which promoted SCs proliferation and survival. The promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis by SPP1 were blocked after the treatment of PKCα antagonist Gö6976. Whereas, the inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis induced by silence of SPP1 could be rescued by the activation of PKCα, which suggested that SPP1 functioned through PKCα. Moreover, both CD44 and αvβ3 were found expressed in SCs and increased after peripheral nerve injury. Silence of CD44 or β3 alleviated the increased proliferation and inhibited apoptosis induced by recombinant osteopontin, suggesting the function of SPP1 on SCs were dependent on CD44 and β3. Conclusion: These results suggested that SPP1 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of SCs through PKCα signaling pathway by binding with CD44 and αvβ3. This study provides a potential therapeutic target for improving peripheral nerve recovery.
Perspectives on the Early Quality of Evidence Guiding the Therapeutic Management of SARS CoV-2: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Subramanian Kaushik , Nalli Anuradha , Senthil Vinitha , Jain Saurabh , Nayak Aravind , Bhat Amit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is a serious health concern. Repurposing of existing drugs indicated for other conditions seems to be the first choice for immediate therapeutic management. The quality of early evidence favoring the different treatment options needs to be apprised for informed decision making. Methods:In this systematic literature review, we apprised the quality of available evidence for different therapeutic options and also the basis for different treatment guidelines. In order to include all studies that are in different stages of publications, we also included studies from the preprint servers, BioRxiv, MedRxiv and published studies from PubMed. Results:We retrieved 5621 articles and included 20 studies for the systematic review. Based on our study, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine either alone or in combination with azithromycin, remdesivir, corticosteroids, convalescent sera, ritonavir/lopinavir and arbidol were evaluated as therapeutic options. The data from different study designs reveal contradictory findings except for convalescent sera for which the evidence available is only from case series. Based on these early evidence, various national guidelines recommend remdesivir, convalescent sera, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine in different sub set of patients. Conclusion:Establishing consensus with respect to the endpoints to be assessed for respiratory viruses may enhance the quality of evidences in case of future pandemics. Further clinical evidence from the ongoing trials may lead to evolution of treatment guidelines with the addition of more therapeutic options.
The interplay between host genetics and the gut microbiome reveals common and distinct microbiome features for human complex diseases
Authors: Xu Fengzhe , Fu Yuanqing , Sun Tingyu , Jiang Zengliang , Miao Zelei , Shuai Menglei , Gou Wanglong , Ling Chuwen , Yang Jian , Wang Jun , Chen Yu-ming , Zheng Ju-Sheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background There is increasing interest about the interplay between host genetics and gut microbiome on human complex diseases, with prior evidence mainly derived from animal models. In addition, the shared and distinct microbiome features among human complex diseases remain largely unclear.Results The analysis was based on a Chinese population with 1,475 participants. We estimated the SNP-based heritability, which suggested that Desulfovibrionaceae and Odoribacter had significant heritability estimates (0.456 and 0.476, respectively). We performed a microbiome genome-wide association study to identify host genetic variants associated with gut microbiome.We then conducted bi-directional Mendelian randomization analyses to examine the potential causal associations between gut microbiome and human complex diseases. We found that Saccharibacteria (per 1-SD higher in the log-transformed abundance) could potentially decrease the concentration of serum creatinine (Beta: -0.011 [95%CI: -0.019, -0.003], p=0.007) and increase estimated glomerular filtration rate (Beta: 0.012 [95%CI: 0.004, 0.020], p=0.003). On the other hand, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease and prostate cancer, as predicted by the host genetics, had potential causal effect on the abundance of some specific gut microbiota. For example, atrial fibrillation (per log odds) could increase the abundance of Burkholderiales (Beta: 0.079[95%CI: 0.009, 0.150], p=0.027) and Alcaligenaceae (Beta: 0.082[95%CI: 0.012, 0.152], p=0.022), and decrease the abundance of Lachnobacterium (Beta:-0.078[95%CI: -0.148, -0.006], p=0.034), Bacteroides coprophilus (Beta: -0.113[95%CI: -0.184, -0.041], p=0.002), Barnesiellaceae (odds ratio: 0.818[95%CI: 0.686, 0.976], p=0.026), Veillonellaceae undefined (odds ratio: 0.801[95%CI: 0.669, 0.960], p=0.017) as well as Mitsuokella (odds ratio: 0.657[95%CI: 0.496, 0.870], p=0.003). Further disease-microbiome feature analysis suggested that systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic myeloid leukemia shared common gut microbiome features.Conclusions These results suggest that different human complex diseases share common and distinct gut microbiome features, which may help re-shape our understanding about the disease etiology in humans.
State-level impact of social distancing and testing on COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Chiu Weihsueh A. , Fischer Rebecca , Ndeffo-Mbah Martial L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Social distancing measures have been implemented in the United States (US) since March 2020, to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. However, by mid-May most states began relaxing these measures to support the resumption of economic activity, even as disease incidence continued to increase in many states. To evaluate the impact of relaxing social distancing restrictions on COVID-19 dynamics and control in the US, we developed a transmission dynamic model and calibrated it to US state-level COVID-19 cases and deaths from March to June 20th, 2020, using Bayesian methods. We used this model to evaluate the impact of reopening, social distancing, testing, contact tracing, and case isolation on the COVID-19 epidemic in each state. We found that using stay-at-home orders, most states were able to curtail their COVID-19 epidemic curve by reducing and achieving an effective reproductive number below 1. But by June 20th, 2020, only 19 states and the District of Columbia were on track to curtail their epidemic curve with a 75% confidence, at current levels of reopening. Of the remaining 31 states, 24 may have to double their current testing and/or contact tracing rate to curtail their epidemic curve, and seven need to further restrict social contact by 25% in addition to doubling their testing and contact tracing rates. When social distancing restrictions are being eased, greater state-level testing and contact tracing capacity remains paramount for mitigating the risk of large-scale increases in cases and deaths.