bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the Otub1/c-Maf axis by the herbal acevaltrate induces myeloma cell apoptosis
Authors: Sun Tong , Xu Yujia , Xu Zhuan , Cao Biyin , Zhang Zubin , Wang Qi , Kong Yan , MAO XINLIANG 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background : The oncogenic transcript factor c-Maf is stabilized by the deubiquitinase Otub1 and promotes myeloma cell proliferation and confers to chemoresistance. Inhibition of the Otub1/c-Maf axis is a promising therapeutic target, but there are no inhibitors reported on this specific axis. Methods: A luciferase assay was applied to screen potential inhibitors of the Otub1/c-Maf axis. Annexin V staining/flow cytometry was applied to evaluate cell apoptosis. Immunoprecipitation was applied to examine protein ubiquitination and interaction. Xenograft models in nude mice were used to evaluate anti-myeloma activity. Results: acevaltrate (AVT), isolated from Valeriana glechomifolia, was identified based on a bioactive screen against Otub1/c-Maf/luciferase. AVT disrupts the interaction of Otub1/c-Maf thus inhibiting Otub1 activity and leading to c-Maf polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation in proteasomes. Consistently, AVT inhibits c-Maf transcriptional activity and downregulates the expression of its target genes key for myeloma growth and survival. Moreover, AVT displays potent anti-myeloma activity by triggering myeloma cell apoptosis in vitro and impairing myeloma xenograft growth in vivo but presents no marked toxicity. Conclusions: The natural product AVT inhibits the Otub1/c-Maf axis and displays potent anti-myeloma activity. Given its great safety and efficacy, AVT could be further developed for MM treatment.
Study on the changes of ADRP+ cell population in the process of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Tan Wei , Wang Yaru , Chen Yuhua , Chen Cheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

ADRP is a marker of lung lipofibroblasts. Lipofibroblasts play an important role in assist type 2 alveolar epithelial cells function in peripheral lung tissue. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by continuous irreversible destruction of peripheral lung tissue. The expression of ADRP and the role of ADRP+ cells in pulmonary fibrosis are of interest to us.
Methods

Quantitative PCR as well as immunohistochemical multiplex staining were used to analyze the expression of ADRP during lung development, bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and identify the type and function of ADRP+ cells during pulmonary fibrosis lesions.
Results

ADRP+ cells were found to decrease gradually from birth to adulthood. During pulmonary fibrosis, the expression of ADRP increased gradually, while another marker of lipofibroblast, the expression of PDGFRα decreased. There was a co-localization relationship between macrophage marker CD68 and ADRP. Both M1-type and M2-type macrophages can express ADRP in the early stage of pulmonary fibrosis. While in the subsequent pulmonary fibrosis process, M1-type ADRP+ macrophages gradually decrease, while the ADRP+ cells were mainly M2-type macrophages. ADRP+ M2-type macrophages can release S100A4 and distribute around the lesion area of pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis gradually developed as M2-polarized macrophages replaced M1 to become the main population of pulmonary ADRP+ macrophages
Conclusion

In the process of pulmonary fibrosis, a large number of ADRP+ cells are macrophages, including M1 and M2 types successively. The aggregation site of ADRP+ M2-type macrophages indicates that fibrosis damage is about to or has already occurred. This study may provide a new research direction for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Carrageenan oligosaccharides and their degrading bacteria induce intestinal inflammation in germ-free mouse
Authors: Yin Yeshi , Li Miaomiao , Gu Weizhong , Zeng Benhua , Liu Wei , Zhu Liying , Pi Xionge , Primerano Donald A , Yu Hongwei D , Wei Hong , Yu Guangli , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Carrageenans (CGNs) are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the safety of CGNs is still under debate, because degraded CGNs have been reported to promote an intestinal inflammatory response in animal models. Here, we studied the relationship among CGNs, human gut microbiota, and the host inflammatory response.Methods: TLC was selected for detecting the degradation of KCPs by human gut microbiota in vitro batch fermentation system. PCR-DGGE and real time PCR were used for studying bacterial community. ESI-MS was used for KCPs structure analysis. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA-seq were used to evaluated the KCPs on host inflammation response in germ-free mice.Results: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) data showed that CGNs with a molecular weight (Mw) higher than 100 kDa are not degraded by human fecal microbiota, but low Mw CGNs with an Mw around ~4.5 kDa (KCOs) could be degraded by seven of eight human fecal microbiota samples. KCO degrading B. xylanisolvens was isolated from fecal samples, and PCR-DGGE profiling with band sequencing suggested that B. xylanisolvens was the key KCO degrader in the human gut. Two putative κ-carrageenase genes were identified in the genome sequence of B. xylanisolvens. However, their function on KCO degrading was not verified in vitro. And the sulfate group from KCO is not removed after in vitro degradation by human fecal microbiota, as shown by ESI-MS analysis. The effects of KCO and KCO degrading bacteria on the inflammatory response were investigated in germ-free mice. Increased numbers of P-P38-, CD3a-, and CD79a-positive cells were found in the colon and rectum in mice fed with KCO plus KCO degrading bacteria than in mice fed with only KCO or only B. xylanisolvens and E. coli, as shown by RNA-Seq analysis, HE staining, and IHC. Conclusion: Our data suggested that the presence of KCO degrading bacteria promote the pro-inflammatory effects of CGNs.
Competitive exclusion and metabolic dependency among microorganisms structure the cellulose economy of agricultural soil
Authors: Wilhelm Roland C , Pepe-Ranney Charles , Weisenhorn Pamela , Lipton Mary , Buckley Daniel H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Microorganisms that degrade cellulose utilize extracellular processes that yield free intermediates which promote interactions with non-cellulolytic organisms. We hypothesized that these interactions determine the ecological and physiological traits governing the fate of cellulosic carbon (C) in soil. We used data from a metagenomic-SIP experiment to perform comparative genomics and characterize the attributes of cellulolytic and non-cellulolytic taxa accessing 13C from cellulose. We hypothesized that cellulolytic taxa would exhibit competitive traits to limit access, while non-cellulolytic taxa would display metabolic dependency, such as signatures of adaptive gene loss. We tested our hypotheses by evaluating genomic traits indicative of competitive exclusion or metabolic dependency, such as antibiotic production, growth rate, surface attachment, biomass degrading potential and auxotrophy.Results The most 13C-enriched taxa were cellulolytic Cellvibrio (Gammaproteobacteria) and Chaetomium (Ascomycota), which exhibited a strategy of self-sufficiency (prototrophy), rapid growth, and competitive exclusion via antibiotic production. Auxotrophy was more prevalent in cellulolytic Actinobacteria than in cellulolytic Proteobacteria, demonstrating differences in dependency among cellulose degraders. Non-cellulolytic taxa that accessed 13C from cellulose (Planctomycetales, Verrucomicrobia and Vampirovibrionales) were highly dependent, as indicated by patterns of auxotrophy and 13C-labeling (i.e. partial labelling or labeling at later-stages). Major 13C-labeled cellulolytic microbes (e.g. Sorangium, Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales and Caulobacteraceae) possessed adaptations for surface colonization (e.g. gliding motility, hyphae, attachment structures) signifying the importance of surface ecology in decomposition. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that access to cellulose was accompanied by ecological trade-offs characterized by differing degrees of metabolic dependency and competitive exclusion. These trade-offs influence microbial growth dynamics on particulate organic carbon and reveal that the fate of carbon is governed by a complex economy within the microbial community. We propose three ecological groups to describe participants in this economy: (i) independent primary degraders, (ii) integrated primary degraders and (iii) mutualists, opportunists and parasites. The relative importance and taxonomic composition of these groups reported here should be considered context dependent, likely reflecting disturbance and management practices common to agricultural soils.
Elevated plasma Sirtuin2 level predicts heart failure after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zheng Meili , Zhao Lei , Sun Hao , Chen Mulei , Yang Xinchun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is currently no evidence regarding the role of plasma Sirtuin2 (SIRT2) level in heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) yet. This study assessed the relationship between plasma SIRT2 level and AMI, and also investigated the association of plasma SIRT2 level with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure after AMI. Methods and Results: A total of 129 AMI patients were included in the present study. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure were recorded during hospitalization and follow-up (12 months) after discharge. According to the 75th percentile value of plasma SIRT2 level, we divided all the AMI patients into two groups: high level group (plasma SIRT2 level≥109.0pg/ml) and low level group (plasma SIRT2 level <109.0pg/ml). Compared with the low level group, the high level group had higher prercentage of Killip class≥3 (P<0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) <50% (P=0.007) or even <40% (P=0.012), use of breathing machine(P=0.003), and higher plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (P=0.006). Multivariate regression analysis showed that there were higher risks of MACE (hazard ratio (HR)=11.20 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.18-39.52, P<0.001]) and heart failure (HR=27.10 [95%CI 4.65-157.83, P<0.001]) in the high level group. Conclusions: The present study suggested that plasma SIRT2 level is a promising biomarker to predict heart failure and MACE after AMI.
Improving the machining accuracy of low-rigid details on the computer numerically controlled lathe machine
Authors: Starostin Andrey Pavlovich 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article describes a method for calculating the motion trajectory of a turning tool on a numerically controlled machine to compensate elastic strain when processing a raw part. When sharpening rotary bodies with low rigidity, elastic strain occurs under the action of the cutting force Py, that has a negative impact on the accuracy of the machined surface. As a result, a fault appears in the barrel-shaped and saddle-shaped form, or a combination of these faults, depending on the rigidity of the machine and its individual parts. Based on a mathematical model of elastic strain with a constant cutting depth, this fault had been determined, which was subsequently compensated by the use of a modiﬁed trajectory. Thus, when processing, the required diameter is obtained with minimal defects, which in turn will have a positive impact on the reduction of the processing steps of the entire detail, as well as the reduction of mold defect and improving the quality of part process.
Comparison analysis of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin induced Autophagy mechanisms in Macrophages Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and THP-1
Authors: Zhu Mengyi , Hong Danping , Li Ouyang , Hassan Ahmed Salah , Li Yanqin , Alam Nafee-ul , Ou Wen-Bin , Wu Yuehong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem and the leading cause of mortality by a single infectious agent. TB is a chronic infectious disease that is primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Macrophage (Mφ) are the main hosts of Mtb, the interaction between Mtb and Mφ plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TB.Summary The macrophages used in the current study are mostly derived from tumor cell lines or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but the application of such cells still have many problems needed to be sloved, such as the loss of function due to changes in genetic structure and the difficulty in cell acquisition. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) represent an innovative source for the standardized in vitro generation of Mφ, and show novel promise in exploring disease pathogenesis, particularly TB. Current studies have revealed that autophagy plays a central role in the interaction between Mtb and Mφ, but the molecular mechanism involoved remains unclear and the exact role of hiPS-derived macrophages (hiPS-Mφ) in regulating autophagy induced by Mtb also remains unclear. To investigate the similarities and differences in hiPS-Mφ and THP-1-Mφ in anti-tuberculosis immunity, this study successfully obtained macrophages derived from hiPS and THP-1, then explored the mechanism behind Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced autophagy through transcriptome sequencing analysis, qPCR, Western Blot Analysis and cell submicroscopic structure observation etc.. Our findings revealed that BCG infection of hiPS-Mφ and THP-1-Mφ would promote autophagy by regulating the expression of autophagy-related genes, which also indicated that the BCG-induced autophagy in hiPS-Mφ and THP-1-Mφ may be associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. However, there are some differences in the mechanism by which BCG infects macrophages from different sources and induces autophagy. Considering the above findings, we have provided novel insights into the role of macrophages along with autophagy in the anti-tuberculosis immune mechanism and the possibility of establishing an in vitro hiPS-Mφ-TB disease model.
Covid-19 infection without respiratory symptoms: case report of diagnosing a 14 year-old patient with acute abdomen
Authors: Goshayeshi Ladan , Milani Nasrin , Bergqueist Robert , Sadrzadeh Sayyed Majid , Rajabzadeh Farnood , Hoseini Benyamin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is expanding worldwide. Although it seems to be a purely respiratory disease, occasional reports of lesions in other organs have been published. We report here an asymptomatic child Covid-19 patient with the main symptom of abdominal pain distension and without any respiratory symptoms.Case presentation. A 14 year-old male patient without respiratory involvement but with main complaints of fever, malaise, anorexia, and severe abdominal pain was admitted to a hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Following general anaesthesia, laparotomy revealed distension of the small intestine and an adhesive ileo-caecal band that had produced ileum herniation without free fluid in the abdomen. The band was surgically severed and the patient referred to the recovery room. Because of pulse rate of 36-40 per min and respiratory rate of 140 and a saturated O2 of 86%, the patient was referred to the intensive care unit. Chest X-ray and high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs showed bilateral, diffuse, peripheral dense areas of ground-glass appearance. A nasopharyngeal swab for Covid-19 diagnosis, ordered due to lymphopenia together with these diffuse lung infiltrations, showed a positive result. This led to drug treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, ribavirin/oseltamivir and meropenem. The patient was febrile and developed tachycardia on the third day accompanied with a respiratory rate of 44/min. At this point, tracheal intubation was done but the patient died after 3 hours due to cardiac arrest.Conclusions. The case report brings forth the hypothesis that the gastrointestinal manifestation may be untypical symptoms of Covid-19 infection, and highlights the importance for the diagnosis to be based on combined laboratory-based data and scanning imagery.
Are quasicrystals really so rare in the Universe?
Authors: Bindi Luca , Dmitrienko Vladimir E. , Steinhardt Paul J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Until 2009, the only known quasicrystals were synthetic, formed in the laboratory under highly controlled conditions. Conceivably, the only quasicrystals in the Milky Way, perhaps even in the Universe, were the ones fabricated by humans, or so it seemed. Then came the report that a quasicrystal with icosahedral symmetry had been discovered inside a rock recovered from a remote stream in far eastern Russia, and later that the rock proved to be an extraterrestrial, a piece of a rare CV3 carbonaceous chondrite meteorite (known as Khatyrka) that formed 4.5 billion years ago in the pre-solar nebula. At present, the only known examples of natural quasicrystals are from the Khatyrka meteorite. Does that mean that quasicrystals must be extremely rare in the Universe? In this speculative essay, we present several reasons why the answer might be no. In fact, quasicrystals may prove to be among the most ubiquitous minerals found in the Universe.
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Children: An Updated Review
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Barankin Benjamin , Leong Kin Fon 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is an IgA-mediated systemic smallvessel
vasculitis with a predilection for the skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints, and kidneys. It is the
most common form of systemic vasculitis in children.

Objective:
The study aimed to familiarize physicians with the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations,
evaluation, and management of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Methods :
A PubMed search was conducted in January 2020 in Clinical Queries using the key terms
“Henoch-Schönlein purpura” OR “IgA vasculitis” OR “anaphylactoid purpura”. The search
strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies,
and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature
were included in this review. This paper is based on, but not limited to, the search results.

Results:
Globally, the incidence of HSP is 10 to 20 cases per 100, 000 children per year. Approximately
90% of cases occur in children between 2 and 10 years of age, with a peak incidence at 4 to
7 years. The diagnosis should be based on the finding of palpable purpura in the presence of at least
one of the following criteria, namely, diffuse abdominal pain, arthritis or arthralgia, renal involvement
(hematuria and/or proteinuria), and a biopsy showing predominant IgA deposition. Most
cases are self-limited. The average duration of the disease is 4 weeks. Long-term complications are
rare and include persistent hypertension and end-stage kidney disease. Therapy consists of general
and supportive measures as well as treatment of the sequelae of the vasculitis. Current evidence
does not support the universal treatment of HSP patients with corticosteroids. Oral corticosteroids
may be considered for HSP patients with severe gastrointestinal pain and gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Conclusions:
Most cases of HSP have an excellent outcome, with renal involvement being the most
important prognostic factor in determining morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, early steroid
treatment does not reduce the incidence and severity of nephropathy in children with HSP. In HSP
children who have severe nephritis or renal involvement with proteinuria of greater than 3 months,
an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker should be considered in
addition to corticosteroids to prevent and/or limit secondary glomerular injury.
Expulsion from the Motherland: Association between Depression & Health-Related Quality of Life for Ethnic Rohingya Living with Refugee Status in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain K M Amran , Walton Lori M. , Arafat S. M. Yasir , Maybee Nidiorin , Sarker Rubel Hossen , Ahmed Shahoriar , Kabir Feroz 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The Rohingyas are an ethnic minority group from Myanmar who have experienced severe forms of violence such as murder, rape, humanitarian defilement and forcible expellation from their motherland. Exposure to trauma has a long-lasting impact on psychological well-being and Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL).

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of depression and association with HRQoL for Rohingya displaced persons.

Methodology:
This was a prospective, cross-sectional study in two refugee camps in Southern Bangladesh, with a structured and language validated questionnaire.

Results:
The study indicates the prevalence of depression was 70% (n=150 respondents), with 8.7% reporting “severe depression” in PHQ-9. WHOQOL-BREF scores were inversely associated with symptoms on the depression scale with a strong and significant correlation (r= 0.652; p<0.01) in total and physical health; psychological (r= 0.757, p<0.01), social relationship (r= 0.479, p<0.01), environment (r= 0.443, p<0.01), increasing age (r= 0.272, p<0.01), severity of depression (r= 0.489, p<0.01). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation with overall quality of life with same variables subsequently (r =0.600, 0.309, 0.482, 0.170, 0.103, 0.272, 0.339; p<0.01), also correlation was observed between married individuals and severity of depression in PHQ (r= 0.346), physical state (r= 0.353), psychological state (r= 0.358), and with social relationship (r= 0.435), with statistical significance (p= <0.01).

Conclusion:
There are higher incidence rates of moderate to severe depression than the population norms and low health-related quality of life than published population norms for Rohingya displaced persons living in refugee camps. Depression rates were inversely associated with HRQoL for Rohingya displaced persons living in refugee camps. Future research may consider the prevention of related medical issues for long term program implementation.
Impaired Cardiovascular Function in Male Rats with Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism: Involvement of Imbalanced Nitric Oxide Synthase Levels
Authors: Yousefzadeh Nasibeh , Jeddi Sajad , Ghasemi Asghar 
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective:
All three isoforms of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) are
targets for thyroid hormones in the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to assess the effects
of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on inducible (iNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and neural (nNOS) NOS
levels in aorta and heart tissues of male rats.

Methods:
Rats were divided into control, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid groups; hypo- and hyperthyroidism
were induced by adding propylthiouracil (500 mg/L) and L-thyroxine (12 mg/L) to drinking
water for a period of 21 days. On day 21, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular developed
pressure (LVDP), peak rate of positive and negative (±dp/dt) changes in left ventricular pressure as
well as NO metabolites (NOx) and iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS protein levels in aorta and heart, were all
measured.

Results:
Compared to controls, LVDP and ±dp/dt were lower in both hypo- and hyperthyroid rats.
Compared to controls, heart rate and systolic blood pressure were lower in hypothyroid and higher in
hyperthyroid rats. NOx levels in the heart of hypothyroid rats were lower (53%), whereas that in hyperthyroid
rats were higher (56% and 40%) than controls. Compared to controls, hypothyroid rats had
lower levels of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS in the aorta (16%, 34%, and 15%, respectively) and lower
iNOS and higher nNOS in heart tissue (27% and 46%). In hyperthyroid rats, eNOS levels were lower
(54% and 30%) and iNOS were higher (63%, and 35%) in the aorta and heart while nNOS was lower
in the aorta (18%).

Conclusion:
Hypothyroidism increased while hyperthyroidism decreased the ratio of eNOS/iNOS in
aorta and heart; these changes of NOS levels were associated with impaired cardiovascular function.