bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of RSK4, CD44 and MMP-9 is upregulated and positively correlated in metastatic ccRCC
Authors: Ma Jing , Li Mingyang , Chai Jia , Wang Kaijing , Li Peifeng , Liu Yixiong , Zhao Danhui , Xu Junpeng , Yu Kangjie , Yan Qingguo , Guo Shuangping , Wang Zhe , Fan Linni 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate the expression and function of RSK4, MMP-9 and CD44 in primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (primary ccRCC) and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (metastatic ccRCC), as well as the correlation with clinicopathological features of patients.

Method
The expression levels of RSK4, CD44 and MMP-9 in 52 primary ccRCC samples and 48 metastatic ccRCC samples were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between RSK4, CD44 and MMP-9 expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of metastatic ccRCC patients was statistically analysed. Ectopic RSK4 expression in ccRCC cell lines was performed to determine its effect on cell cycle regulation, tumour invasiveness, and metastatic capability.

Results
The positive rates of RSK4, MMP-9 and CD44 expression in metastatic ccRCC tissues were 75, 68.75 and 91.7%, respectively, while the rates in primary ccRCC tissues were 44.2, 34.6 and 69.2%, respectively. Thus, the positive rates in metastatic ccRCC were higher than those in primary ccRCC (PRSK4 = 0. 002; PMMP-9 = 0. 002; PCD44 = 0. 001). However, the expression of RSK4, CD44 and MMP-9 was unrelated to age, gender, or metastatic sites (P > 0.05) but was related to WHO/ISUP nucleolar grade (PRSK4 = 0.019; PCD44 = 0.026; PMMP-9 = 0.049). In metastatic ccRCC, expression among the three proteins showed a positive correlation (P = 0.008). Moreover, expression between RSK4 and CD44 (P = 0.019) and MMP-9 and CD44 (P = 0.05) also showed positive correlations, whereas RSK4 and MMP-9 showed no significant correlation (P = 1.00). Molecular studies showed that overexpression of RSK4 could enhance the invasive and migratory abilities of ccRCC cell lines through the regulation of CD44 and MMP-9 expression and vice versa.

Conclusions
The overexpression of RSK4, MMP-9 and CD44 is associated with the invasion and metastasis of ccRCC, indicating that they could be potential prognostic factors and serve as new potential therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
Essential Noninvasive Multimodality Neuromonitoring for the Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Rasulo Frank A. , Togni Tommaso , Romagnoli Stefano 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2020. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2020. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Coagulation tests or standardized questionnaire, which is better as a predictor of bleeding? A prospective study among children before tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy
Authors: Masalha Muhamed , DeRowe Ari , Mazzawi Salim , Chen Tzvi , Ghanayim Rami , Landsberg Roee , Koren Ariel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe value of pre-operative coagulation testing for adenotonsillar surgery is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of routine coagulation tests and a standardized questionnaire in children before tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.ResultsA total of 143 children were prospectively enrolled in the study between 2013 and 2017, 81 males (56.6%) and 62 females (43.4%), age range 1 to 18 years (median age 5 years). Eighteen bleeding events were documented, three of them required treatment in the operating room. Abnormal coagulation tests were not associated with higher odds of bleeding after surgery. Higher risk of bleeding (p = 0.01) was associated with an abnormal standardized medical questionnaire.
Disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission, within a cognitive challenge paradigm, is indicative of Aβ-related cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease after a 27-month delay interval
Authors: Alber Jessica , Maruff Paul , Santos Cláudia Y. , Ott Brian R. , Salloway Stephen P. , Yoo Don C. , Noto Richard B. , Thompson Louisa I. , Goldfarb Danielle , Arthur Edmund , Song Alex , Snyder Peter J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Abnormal beta-amyloid (Aβ) is associated with deleterious changes in central cholinergic tone in the very early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which may be unmasked by a cholinergic antagonist (J Prev Alzheimers Dis 1:1–4, 2017). Previously, we established the scopolamine challenge test (SCT) as a “cognitive stress test” screening measure to identify individuals at risk for AD (Alzheimer’s & Dementia 10(2):262–7, 2014) (Neurobiol. Aging 36(10):2709-15, 2015). Here we aim to demonstrate the potential of the SCT as an indicator of cognitive change and neocortical amyloid aggregation after a 27-month follow-up interval.

Methods
Older adults (N = 63, aged 55–75 years) with self-reported memory difficulties and first-degree family history of AD completed the SCT and PET amyloid imaging at baseline and were then seen for cognitive testing at 9, 18, and 27 months post-baseline. Repeat PET amyloid imaging was completed at the time of the 27-month exam.

Results
Significant differences in both cognitive performance and in Aβ neocortical burden were observed between participants who either failed vs. passed the SCT at baseline, after a 27-month follow-up period.

Conclusions
Cognitive response to the SCT (Alzheimer’s & Dementia 10(2):262–7, 2014) at baseline is related to cognitive change and PET amyloid imaging results, over the course of 27 months, in preclinical AD. The SCT may be a clinically useful screening tool to identify individuals who are more likely to both have positive evidence of amyloidosis on PET imaging and to show measurable cognitive decline over several years.
A variable step-size diffusion LMS algorithm with a quotient form
Authors: Bin Saeed Muhammad Omer , Zerguine Azzedine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new variable step-size strategy for the least mean square (LMS) algorithm is presented for distributed estimation in adaptive networks using the diffusion scheme. This approach utilizes the ratio of filtered and windowed versions of the squared instantaneous error for iteratively updating the step-size. The result is that the dependence of the update on the power of the error is reduced. The performance of the algorithm improves even though it is at the cost of added computational complexity. However, the increase in computational complexity can be minimized by careful manipulation of the update equation, resulting in an excellent performance-complexity trade-off. Complete theoretical analysis is presented for the proposed algorithm including stability, transient and steady-state analyses. Extensive experimental analysis is then done to show the performance of the proposed algorithm under various scenarios.
Census of economic evaluations in primary prevention 2014–2019: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jackson Hannah , Shiell Alan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
A large proportion of the burden of disease is preventable, yet investment in health promotion and disease prevention programmes remains a small share of the total health budget in many countries. The perception that there is paucity of evidence on the cost-effectiveness of public health programmes is seen as a barrier to policy change. The aim of this scoping review is to conduct a census of economic evaluations in primary prevention in order to identify and map the existing evidence.

Methods
This review is an update of a prior census and will include full economic evaluations of primary prevention programmes conducted in a community-based setting that were published between 2014 and 2019. The search of electronic databases (MEDLINE and Embase, and NHS-EED for 2014) will be supplemented by a search for grey literature in OpenGrey and a search of the reference lists of reviews of economic evaluations identified in our searches. Retrieved citations will be imported into Covidence® and independently screened in a two-stage process by two reviewers (abstracts and full papers). Any disagreements on the eligibility of a citation will be resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. Included studies will then be categorised by one independent reviewer according to a four-part typology covering the type of health promotion intervention, the risk factor being tackled, the setting in which the intervention took place and the population most affected by the intervention. New to this version of the census, we will also document whether or not the intervention sets out specifically to address inequalities in health.

Discussion
This review will produce an annotated bibliography of all economic evaluations plus a report summarising the current scope and content of the economic evidence (highlighting where it is plentiful and where it is lacking) and describing any changes in the type of economic evidence available for the various categories of disease prevention programmes since the last census. This will allow us to identify where future evaluative efforts should be focused to enhance the economic evidence base regarding primary prevention interventions.

Systematic review registration
Registration is being sought concurrently.
Achilles tendon reconstruction with peroneus tendon transfer following epithelioid sarcoma resection: a rare case report at 5 years follow-up
Authors: Mariotti Federica , Caravelli Silvio , Mosca Massimiliano , Massimi Simone , Casadei Roberto , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare in hand and foot. In this paper we present a case of reconstruction of Achilles tendon defect with peroneus brevis transfer reinforced with medial gastrocnemius fascia and plantaris tendon after excision of a local recurrence of epithelioid sarcoma.

Case presentation
Fifty-five years-old female. MRI showed a lump of 5 × 2,5 × 2 cm into Achille’s tendon with invasion of the anterior fat tissue but no invasion of the surrounding bones. The patient underwent excision of the tumour and reconstruction of the tendinous defect with peroneus brevis transfer. Surgical technique has been widely described.

Discussion and conclusions
Epithelioid sarcoma arising from the Achilles tendon is an extremely rare malignant tumour in an atypical site and may easily be confused with other soft tissue masses. It presents a technical challenge because of the large tendon defect remaining following wide resection. Reconstruction with peroneus brevis transfer, reinforced with medial gastrocnemius fascia and plantaris tendon, restore appropriate structural continuity and resistance. Functional results are satisfactory.
Mast cells-derived MiR-223 destroys intestinal barrier function by inhibition of CLDN8 expression in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Li Musheng , Zhao Junhong , Cao Meiwan , Liu Ruitao , Chen Guanhua , Li Songyu , Xie Yuanwen , Xie Jing , Cheng Yang , Huang Ling , Su Mingmin , Xu Yuxin , Zheng Mingyue , Zou Kejian , Geng Lanlan , Xu Wanfu , Gong Sitang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Mast cells (MCs) have been found to play a critical role during development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that characterized by dysregulation of inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function. However, the function of MCs in IBD remains to be fully elucidated.

Results
In our study, we used exosomes isolated from human mast cells-1 (HMCs-1) to culture with NCM460, HT-29 or CaCO2 of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to investigate the communication between MCs and IECs. We found that MCs-derived exosomes significantly increased intestinal epithelial permeability and destroyed intestinal barrier function, which is attributed to exosome-mediated functional miRNAs were transferred from HMCs-1 into IECs, leading to inhibit tight junction-related proteins expression, including tight junction proteins 1 (TJP1, ZO-1), Occludin (OCLN), Claudin 8 (CLDN8). Microarray and bioinformatic analysis have further revealed that a panel of miRNAs target different tight junction-related proteins. Interestingly, miR-223 is enriched in mast cell-derived exosome, which inhibit CLDN8 expression in IECs, while treatment with miR-223 inhibitor in HT-29 cells significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of HMCs-1-derived exosomes on CLDN 8 expression. Most importantly, enrichment of MCs accumulation in intestinal mucosa of patients with IBD compared with those healthy control.

Conclusions
These results indicated that enrichment of exosomal miR-223 from HMCs-1 inhibited CLDN8 expression, leading to destroy intestinal barrier function. These finding provided a novel insight of MCs as a new target for therapeutic treatment of IBD.
Successful treatment of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber for septic shock and severe acute kidney injury due to ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli: a case report with literature review
Authors: Shima Hisato , Kimura Takehiko , Nishiuchi Takeshi , Iwase Takashi , Hashizume Shunji , Takamori Nobuyuki , Harada Megumi , Higashiguchi Yusuke , Masaki Chiaki , Banno Taro , Nagasaka Naoki , Ito Ayako , Inoue Tomoko , Tashiro Manabu , Nishitani Masaaki , Kawahara Kazuhiko , Okada Kazuyoshi , Minakuchi Jun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Septic shock is a life-threatening condition and one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury. Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) is used to reduce endotoxin levels in blood. Here, we report a rare but important case of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and septic shock, which was successfully treated with PMX-DHP in spite of inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy.

Case presentation
An 84-year-old man was hospitalized for septic shock and acute kidney injury. Although he was treated with ceftriaxone, he did not recover from hypotension and had reduced urine output. After initiating PMX-DHP on days 3 and 4, his blood pressure was immediately elevated and his white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels improved. Because ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli was identified in blood culture, we changed his antibiotics to levofloxacin on day 7. He successfully recovered from the septic shock and dialysis was withdrawn.

Conclusions
Considering the use of inappropriate initial antibiotics, the early induction of PMX-DHP might have been a key determinant of his outcome. PMX-DHP therapy should be considered in septic shock in addition to antibiotic treatment.
Endogenous Testosterone Levels and the Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Men: The MrOS Prospective Study
Authors: Collet Tinh-Hai , Ewing Susan K , Ensrud Kristine E , Laughlin Gail A , Hoffman Andrew R , Varosy Paul D , Stefanick Marcia L , Stone Katie L , Orwoll Eric , Bauer Douglas C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
Observational studies show discordant links between endogenous testosterone levels and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Objective
We assessed whether sex hormones and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) are associated with CVD in community-dwelling elderly men.

Design, Setting and Participants
Prospective study of incident CVD among 552 men ≥ 65 years in the MrOS Sleep Study without prevalent CVD and no testosterone therapy at baseline.

Outcomes
Fasting serum levels of total testosterone and estradiol were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and SHBG by chemiluminescent substrate. The association of sex hormones and SHBG with incident coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular (stroke and transient ischemic attack) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) events were assessed by quartile and per SD increase in proportional hazards models.

Results
After 7.4 years, 137 men (24.8%) had at least 1 CVD event: 90 CHD, 45 cerebrovascular and 26 PAD. The risk of incident CVD events was not associated with quartiles of baseline sex hormones or SHBG (all P ≥ 0.16). For +1 SD in total testosterone, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.80-1.34) for CHD, 0.86 (0.60-1.25) for cerebrovascular, and 0.81 (0.52-1.26) for PAD events. When analyzed as continuous variables or comparing highest to low quartile, levels of bioavailable testosterone, total estradiol, testosterone/estradiol ratio and SHBG were not associated with CVD events.

Conclusions
In community-dwelling elderly men, endogenous levels of testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG were not associated with increased risk of CHD, cerebrovascular, or PAD events. These results are limited by the small number of events and should be explored in future studies.
An update on the management of breast atypical ductal hyperplasia
Authors: Schiaffino Simone , Cozzi Andrea , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: March 2020

Among lesions with uncertain malignant potential found at percutaneous breast biopsy, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) carries both the highest risk of underestimation and the closest and most pathologist-dependent differential diagnosis with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), matching the latter’s features save for size only. ADH is therefore routinely surgically excised, but single-centre studies with limited sample size found low rates of upgrade to invasive cancer or DCIS. This suggests the possibility of surveillance over surgery in selected subgroups, considering the 2% threshold allowing for follow-up according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. A recent meta-analysis on 6458 lesions counters this approach, confirming that, surgically excised or managed with surveillance, ADH carries a 29% and 5% upgrade rate, respectively, invariably higher than 2% even in subgroups considering biopsy guidance and technique, needle calibre, apparent complete lesion removal. The high heterogeneity (I 2 = 80%) found in this meta-analysis reaffirmed the need to synthesise evidence from systematic reviews to achieve generalisable results, fit for guidelines development. Limited tissue sampling at percutaneous biopsy intrinsically hampers the prediction of ADH-associated malignancy. This prediction could be improved by using contrast-enhanced breast imaging and applying artificial intelligence on both pathology and imaging results, allowing for overtreatment reduction.
Protocol for the derivation and validation of a clinical prediction model to support the diagnosis of asthma in children and young people in primary care
Authors: Daines Luke , Bonnett Laura J. , Boyd Andy , Turner Steve , Lewis Steff , Sheikh Aziz , Pinnock Hilary 
Published: March 2020

Background: Accurately diagnosing asthma can be challenging. Uncertainty about the best combination of clinical features and investigations for asthma diagnosis is reflected in conflicting recommendations from international guidelines. One solution could be a clinical prediction model to support health professionals estimate the probability of an asthma diagnosis. However, systematic review evidence identifies that existing models for asthma diagnosis are at high risk of bias and unsuitable for clinical use. Being mindful of previous limitations, this protocol describes plans to derive and validate a prediction model for use by healthcare professionals to aid diagnostic decision making during assessment of a child or young person with symptoms suggestive of asthma in primary care. Methods: A prediction model will be derived using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and linked primary care electronic health records (EHR). Data will be included from study participants up to 25 years of age where permissions exist to use their linked EHR. Participants will be identified as having asthma if they received at least three prescriptions for an inhaled corticosteroid within a one-year period and have an asthma code in their EHR. To deal with missing data we will consider conducting a complete case analysis. However, if the exclusion of cases with missing data substantially reduces the total sample size, multiple imputation will be used. A multivariable logistic regression model will be fitted with backward stepwise selection of candidate predictors. Apparent model performance will be assessed before internal validation using bootstrapping techniques. The model will be adjusted for optimism before external validation in a dataset created from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database. Discussion: This protocol describes a robust strategy for the derivation and validation of a prediction model to support the diagnosis of asthma in children and young people in primary care.
Area-coding method in frequency comb profilometry fused with optical interferometry for measuring centimeter-depth objects with nanometer accuracy
Authors: Duc Pham Quang , Hayasaki Yoshio 
Published: March 2020

Area coding masks in a frequency comb profilometer (FCP) based on a single-pixel imaging architecture are introduced for measuring a practical metal object that has weaker reflection than a specular object does. In such a case, it is important to increase the intensity of the encoded object light on the photodetector area because a photodiode operated at a high frequency of more than 1 GHz is generally small. The area-coding masks can concentrate more light on the focal point compared with random-coding masks that are commonly used. The increased intensity also increases the number of pixels in the FCP, and consequently accurate matching is achieved between the data obtained by optical interferometry and the FCP data. It was demonstrated that the introduction of area-coding masks increased the detected light intensity and allowed us to measure a practical metal object with 16 times more sampling points.
Analytical design of a high-performing +1st order diffraction convex grating imaging spectrometer
Authors: Shen Yu-Hang , Ni Zheng-Ji , Huang Yuan-Shen , Sheng Bin , Xu Bang-Lian , Guo Mo-Qiang , Xu Meng-Jing 
Published: March 2020

A novel concentric spectrometer having one convex grating and one concave mirror, working at

+

1

st order diffraction, and with a small size, high resolution, and high diffraction efficiency, is proposed. It can simultaneously achieve high resolution and compactness by increasing the grating groove density. A compact spectrometer operating at a wavelength of 740–790 nm with an excellent imaging quality is designed. Its spectral resolution reaches 0.049 nm, and its diffraction efficiency improves by 27% compared to the conventional Offner spectrometer with convex grating working at

−

1

st order diffraction. This is suitable for small, light, and low-cost atmospheric gas monitoring satellites.
Frequency comb swept laser with a high-Q microring filter
Authors: Huang Dongmei , Li Feng , Shang Chao , Cheng Zihao , Chu S. T. , Wai P. K. A. 
Published: March 2020

Frequency comb swept lasers are the enabling technology of circular interferometric imaging, which was proposed to break the bottleneck of data acquisition and processing in optical coherence tomography (OCT) at video rate. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a highly coherent frequency comb swept laser by using a high-quality (high-Q) microring comb filter to discretize a Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) laser. The microring filter has a Q factor of

∼
2
×

10
6

and a linewidth of

∼
90

MHz

. To demonstrate the improvement in performance, a Fabry–Pérot comb filter with a Q factor of

6.2
×

10
4

and a linewidth of 3.1 GHz is also used in the experiment for comparison. Both comb filters have free spectral ranges (FSRs) of

∼
50

GHz

for consistence. Stable and clearly discretized temporal waveforms and frequency comb spectra with 50 GHz FSR are observed. Adoption of the high-Q microring filter narrows the instantaneous linewidth of the FDML laser down to 1.5 GHz. The OCT system with the frequency comb swept laser source with a microring filter demonstrates an ultralong imaging range, which has a 6, 10, and 15 dB sensitivity roll-off length of

∼
53

,

∼
73

, and over 100 mm, respectively.