bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a complete phylogeny of African Melastomateae: Systematics ofDissotisand allies (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Veranso‐Libalah Marie Claire , Stone Robert Douglas , Kadereit Gudrun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDissotishas long been regarded as the most species‐rich genus of African Melastomataceae, yet its diagnostic characters have never been examined in an explicitly phylogenetic context. In a previous study, we recovered a large clade consisting of “Dissotisand allies” but with poorly understood generic limits. Here we present a nearly complete phylogeny of African Melastomateae with focus onDissotisand allies using sequences generated from two nuclear (nrETS, nrITS) and two plastid markers (ndhF,psbK‐psbL), sampling 94 accessions representing 69 species including outgroups. We infer phylogenetic relationships using maximum likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian approaches and propose a revised generic classification ofDissotisand allies based on our molecular trees. In addition, we reconstruct the ancestral state of 20 important morphological characters of African Melastomateae.DissotisandAntherotomaas previously circumscribed are polyphyletic, while all four of the previously recognised sections ofDissotissubg.Dissotisare monophyletic (i.e., sectionsDissotis,Macrocarpae,SessilifoliaeandSquamulosae). We also recovered a clade consisting ofD. congolensis,A. senegambiensis,A. clandestinaandNerophila gentianoidesplus the species earlier treated in AfricanOsbeckia. Ancestral character reconstruction indicates there are no unambiguous morphological synapomorphies forDissotiss.l. In particular, the character of staminal dimorphism is shown to be homoplasious. However, the individual clades making upDissotisand allies are each diagnosed by one to several morphological characters. In view of these results, we propose the following changes for the classification of African Melastomateae: (1) five new genera are described,Almedanthus(forDissotis pachytricha),Eleotis(forD.sect.Sessilifoliae),Feliciotis(forD. sect.Macrocarpae),Pyrotis(forD. gilgiana) andRosettea(forD.sect.Squamulosae); (2) the genusNerophilais reinstated with an expanded circumscription to includeAntherotoma senegambiensis,A. clandestina,D. congolensis,D. paucifloraand three species earlier treated in AfricanOsbeckia; (3) circumscription ofDissotiss.str. is reduced to six species; (4) the monospecific genusDerosiphiais reinstated; and (5) two species previously placed inDissotisare transferred toAntherotoma. To complete our generic realignment, 12 new synonyms and 58 new combinations are effected at or below the species level. A total of 40 lecto‐ or neotypes are designated. A revised key is provided for African Melastomateae, including all nine genera presently recognised inDissotisand allies.Dissotis leonensis(type and only species ofD.subg.Paleodissotis) together with the monospecificCailliellaandDionychastrumremain unsampled.
Biogeography and integrative taxonomy of Epipterygium (Mniaceae, Bryophyta)
Authors: Hanusch Maximilian , Ortiz Edgardo M. , Patiño Jairo , Schaefer Hanno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA significant number of bryophyte species are thought to have transcontinental geographic ranges, often with multiple disjunct distribution areas. One of these cases is Epipterygium tozeri (Mniaceae), with a Holarctic distribution and disjunct ranges in western North America, the Mediterranean, Japan and central Asia. Collections from different geographic regions were lumped into E. tozeri based on morphology, but a molecular confirmation was lacking so far. Here, we tested species concepts in the genus Epipterygium, with a special focus on the E. tozeri species complex, combining morphological and DNA sequence data for the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and two plastid loci (trnG intron, trnT‐psbD spacer). In a second step, we reconstructed the historical biogeography of the genus. We found that Epipterygium most likely originated in Asia or North/Central America and that the alleged single widespread species E. tozeri with disjunct ranges is in fact a group of genetically and morphologically distinct taxa, including four overlooked species, for which we provide descriptions: E. atlanticum sp. nov., E. biauritum sp. nov., E. oreophilum sp. nov., and E. yunnanense sp. nov. The biogeographical history of these species is best explained by a step‐wise parallel colonization of the Eurasian and American continents followed by in‐situ speciation.
Using social justice graphic novels in the ELL classroom
Authors: Barter‐Storm Brandy , Wik Tamara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGraphic novels are a form of authentic text that have started to gain widespread acceptance in the English language arts field and have been shown to increase students’ motivation to read and engage deeply with texts. By integrating text with pictures, graphic novels have the advantage of requiring a lighter cognitive load than traditional full‐text novels and can be more visually and emotionally impactful. This article discusses the need for graphic novels in the English language learner (ELL) classroom and their benefits as authentic, multimodal texts that lower the obstacles to engaging with challenging social justice issues. The article provides a sample unit plan that takes an in‐depth look at the graphic novel trilogyMarchby John Lewis, which provides a firsthand account of the U.S. civil rights movement. The unit plan and supplementary resources can be adapted to facilitate discussion in ELL classrooms worldwide regarding a variety of equity‐oriented issues. The article explores how graphic novel texts can engage students in deeper thinking about difficult issues through readings, discussions, journaling, and completing research projects on social justice themes worldwide.
Community action plans for social justice advocacy: Leveraging the relationship between awareness and action
Authors: Braden Sarah K. , Lund Marie , Hatch Katrina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSupporting multilingual learners’ access to equitable and socially just language education requires more from teachers than a critical stance and language awareness. Teachers of multilingual students must understand how their awareness and ideologies drive their actions and how their actions can generate new awareness both inside the classroom in pedagogical choices and outside the classroom in interactions with families and community partners. To aid teachers in moving through cycles of applying awareness to action, the authors designed the Community Action Plan (CAP) assignment for a family and community engagement course. This article outlines the components of the course curriculum and the conceptual framework that guided its design. The authors also provide a case study of how one novice teacher, Katrina (co‐author), navigated the curriculum. They offer suggestions for how language teacher educators might guide in‐service and preservice teachers to implement CAPs of various types to promote socially just language education for and with K–12 learners.
Analysis of Rosen type energy harvesting devices from porous piezoceramics with great longitudinal piezomodulus
Authors: Nasedkin Andrey V. , Oganesyan Pavel A. , Soloviev Arkady N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper describes analytical and numerical modeling of the energy harvesting device based on composite piezoelectric materials. The device is a nonuniformly polarized porous piezoceramic compound plate such as a Rosen‐type piezoelectric transformer with single bimorph section. The effective properties of porous piezoceramics with great longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficient d33 were calculated in the ACELAN‐COMPOS finite element package. An analytical applied theory for a piecewise uniformly polarized piezoelectric generator was developed and compared with the results of finite element simulation performed in ACELAN package. An efficient design of a cantilever‐based energy harvesting device is proposed. The analysis of the considered devices depending on the percentage of porosity of piezoceramics and boundary conditions is carried out. It is shown that with an increase in the percentage of porosity, the output characteristics of energy harvesting devices improve. In addition, different boundary conditions were studied for specific PEG made of porous ceramics with non‐homogeneous polarization to find more effective scheme of fixing.
Hasse diagrams for 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 quiver gauge theories — Inversion and the full moduli space
Authors: Grimminger Julius F. , Hanany Amihay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study Hasse diagrams of moduli spaces of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 quiver gauge theories. The goal of this work is twofold: 1) We introduce the notion of inverting a Hasse diagram and conjecture that the Coulomb branch and Higgs branch Hasse diagrams of certain theories are related through this operation. 2) We introduce a Hasse diagram to map out the entire moduli space of the theory, including the Coulomb, Higgs and mixed branches. For theories whose Higgs and Coulomb branch Hasse diagrams are related by inversion it is straight forward to generate the Hasse diagram of the entire moduli space. We apply inversion of the Higgs branch Hasse diagram in order to obtain the Coulomb branch Hasse diagram for bad theories and obtain results consistent with the literature. For theories whose Higgs and Coulomb branch Hasse diagrams are not related by inversion it is nevertheless possible to produce the Hasse diagram of the full moduli space using different methods. We give examples for Hasse diagrams of the entire moduli space of theories with enhanced Coulomb branches.
Polarized electroweak bosons in W+W− production at the LHC including NLO QCD effects
Authors: Denner Ansgar , Pelliccioli Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The measurement of polarization fractions of massive gauge bosons at the LHC provides an important check of the Standard Model and in particular of the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking mechanism. Owing to the unstable character of W and Z bosons, devising a theoretical definition for polarized signals is not straightforward and always subject to some ambiguity. Focusing on W-boson pair production at the LHC in the fully leptonic channel, we propose to compute polarized cross-sections and distributions based on the gauge-invariant doubly-resonant part of the amplitude. We include NLO QCD corrections to the leading quark-induced partonic process and also consider the loop- induced gluon-initiated process contributing to the same final state. We present results for both an inclusive setup and a realistic fiducial region, with special focus on variables that are suited for the discrimination of polarized cross-sections and on quantities that can be measured experimentally.
Geometries with mismatched branes
Authors: Karch Andreas , Randall Lisa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study Randall-Sundrum two brane setups with mismatched brane tensions. For the vacuum solutions, boundary conditions demand that the induced metric on each of the branes is either de Sitter, Anti-de Sitter, or Minkowski. For incompatible boundary conditions, the bulk metric is necessarily time-dependent. This introduces a new class of time-dependent solutions with the potential to address cosmological issues and provide alternatives to conventional inflationary (or contracting) scenarios. We take a first step in this paper toward such solutions. One important finding is that the resulting solutions can be very succinctly described in terms of an effective action involving only the induced metric on either one of the branes and the radion field. But the full geometry cannot necessarily be simply described with a single coordinate patch. We concentrate here on the time- dependent solutions but argue that supplemented with a brane stabilization mechanism one can potentially construct interesting cosmological models this way. This is true both with and without a brane stabilization mechanism.
Anomalies, black strings and the charged Cardy formula
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Morteza , Hristov Kiril , Tachikawa Yuji , Zaffaroni Alberto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We derive the general anomaly polynomial for a class of two-dimensional CFTs arising as twisted compactifications of a higher-dimensional theory on compact manifolds ℳd, including the contribution of the isometries of ℳd. We then use the result to per- form a counting of microstates for electrically charged and rotating supersymmetric black strings in AdS5× S5 and AdS7× S4 with horizon topology BTZt⋉S2 and BTZt⋉S2×$$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

, respectively, where $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

is a Riemann surface. We explicitly construct the latter class of solutions by uplifting a class of four-dimensional rotating black holes. We provide a microscopic explanation of the entropy of such black holes by using a charged version of the Cardy formula.
Quantum periods and spectra in dimer models and Calabi-Yau geometries
Authors: Huang Min-xin , Sugimoto Yuji , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study a class of quantum integrable systems derived from dimer graphs and also described by local toric Calabi-Yau geometries with higher genus mirror curves, generalizing some previous works on genus one mirror curves. We compute the spectra of the quantum systems both by standard perturbation method and by Bohr-Sommerfeld method with quantum periods as the phase volumes. In this way, we obtain some exact analytic results for the classical and quantum periods of the Calabi-Yau geometries. We also determine the differential operators of the quantum periods and compute the topological string free energy in Nekrasov-Shatashvili (NS) limit. The results agree with calculations from other methods such as the topological vertex.
The transport pathway in the ABCG2 protein and its regulation revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Nagy Tamás , Tóth Ágota , Telbisz Ágnes , Sarkadi Balázs , Tordai Hedvig , Tordai Attila , Hegedűs Tamás 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAtomic-level structural insight on the human ABCG2 membrane protein, a pharmacologically important transporter, has been recently revealed by several key papers. In spite of the wealth of structural data, the pathway of transmembrane movement for the large variety of structurally different ABCG2 substrates and the physiological lipid regulation of the transporter has not been elucidated. The complex molecular dynamics simulations presented here may provide a breakthrough in understanding the steps of the substrate transport process and its regulation by cholesterol. Our analysis revealed drug binding cavities other than the central binding site and delineated a putative dynamic transport pathway for substrates with variable structures. We found that membrane cholesterol accelerated drug transport by promoting the closure of cytoplasmic protein regions. Since ABCG2 is present in all major biological barriers and drug-metabolizing organs, influences the pharmacokinetics of numerous clinically applied drugs, and plays a key role in uric acid extrusion, this information may significantly promote a reliable prediction of clinically important substrate characteristics and drug-drug interactions.
A New Family of q-Supercongruences Modulo the Fourth Power of a Cyclotomic Polynomial
Authors: Guo Victor J. W. , Schlosser Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe establish a new family ofq-supercongruences modulo the fourth power of a cyclotomic polynomial, and give several related results. Our main ingredients areq-microscoping and the Chinese remainder theorem for polynomials.
Mortality in first- and second-generation immigrants to Sweden diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: a 10 year nationwide cohort study
Authors: Bennet Louise , Udumyan Ruzan , Östgren Carl Johan , Rolandsson Olov , Jansson Stefan P. O. , Wändell Per 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Non-Western immigrants to Europe are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. In this nationwide study including incident cases of type 2 diabetes, the aim was to compare all-cause mortality (ACM) and cause-specific mortality (CSM) rates in first- and second-generation immigrants with native Swedes.

Methods
People living in Sweden diagnosed with new-onset pharmacologically treated type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2012 were identified through the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. They were followed until 31 December 2016 for ACM and until 31 December 2012 for CSM. Analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, socioeconomic status, education, treatment and region. Associations were assessed using Cox regression analysis.

Results
In total, 138,085 individuals were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2012 and fulfilled inclusion criteria. Of these, 102,163 (74.0%) were native Swedes, 28,819 (20.9%) were first-generation immigrants and 7103 (5.1%) were second-generation immigrants with either one or both parents born outside Sweden. First-generation immigrants had lower ACM rate (HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.76, 0.84]) compared with native Swedes. The mortality rates were particularly low in people born in non-Western regions (0.46 [0.42, 0.50]; the Middle East, 0.41 [0.36, 0.47]; Asia, 0.53 [0.43, 0.66]; Africa, 0.47 [0.38, 0.59]; and Latin America, 0.53 [0.42, 0.68]). ACM rates decreased with older age at migration and shorter stay in Sweden. Compared with native Swedes, first-generation immigrants with ≤ 24 years in Sweden (0.55 [0.51, 0.60]) displayed lower ACM rates than those spending >24 years in Sweden (0.92 [0.87, 0.97]). Second-generation immigrants did not have better survival rates than native Swedes but rather displayed higher ACM rates for people with both parents born abroad (1.28 [1.05, 1.56]).

Conclusions/interpretation
In people with type 2 diabetes, the lower mortality rate in first-generation non-Western immigrants compared with native Swedes was reduced over time and was equalised in second-generation immigrants. These findings suggest that acculturation to Western culture may impact ACM and CSM in immigrants with type 2 diabetes but further investigation is needed.
Crossroads of seeing: about layers in painting and superimposition in Augmented Reality
Authors: van der Veen Manuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAugmented Reality (AR) is itself a technology in which two ways of seeing are crossed. Our field of vision is thereby superimposed with digital information and images. But before this, the real environment is already perceived by machine seeing, it is redoubled by a 3D-model, scanned, located and linked. In this brief investigation, I will face the way of seeing in AR with traditional procedures, like ‘trompe-l'œil’ and the so-called ‘velo’, to distinguish between what remains classic and what has changed. It is important to examine this as layering, because it is a very thin stack of techniques, technology, materials and media, we seek to watch through. Subsequently, I shall analyze a painting of the contemporary artist Laura Owens in which both ways are crossed, the traditional one and the one concerning AR.
Meniscal allograft transplantation in The Netherlands: long-term survival, patient-reported outcomes, and their association with preoperative complaints and interventions
Authors: van der Wal Robert J. P. , Nieuwenhuijse Marc J. , Spek Reinier W. A. , Thomassen Bregje J. W. , van Arkel Ewoud R. A. , Nelissen Rob. G. H. H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluation of survival of meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) and postoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO), and their association with prior interventions of the knee.

Methods
A prospective consecutive study of 109 consecutive patients who had an arthroscopic meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) between 1999 and 2017 by a single surgeon. Patients were assessed with KOOS scores, preoperative and after a minimal follow-up of 2 years. Furthermore, two anchor questions (whether expectations were met and overall satisfaction, on a five-point Likert scale) were asked. Additionally, prior interventions to MAT were evaluated.

Results
Prior to MAT, patients had undergone an average of 2.8 (range 1–14) of surgical procedures of the knee. Overall, mean allograft survival was 16.1 years (95% CI 14.8–17.5 years). Higher age at surgery was associated with lower MAT survival: hazard ratio for MAT failure was 1.19 per year increase (95% CI 1.04 to 1.36, p = 0.009). At 4.5 years (IQR, 2–9) of follow-up, all KOOS score were still improved compared to baseline. Age below 35 years, simultaneous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and number of knee surgeries before MAT were associated with lower KOOS scores. Overall patient expectations and overall satisfaction after MAT were not associated with preoperative patient characteristics nor with the number or kind of preoperative interventions.

Conclusion
Meniscal allograft transplantation has a good overall survival with a clinically relevant improvement. Both meniscal allograft survival and PRO were associated with age. PRO was lower in patients younger than 35 years at time of MAT and meniscal allograft survival was worse in patients older than 50 years. PRO was associated with preoperative patient characteristics and number of surgical procedures prior to MAT. All patients reported improved postoperative satisfaction and met expectations after MAT, both independent of the preoperative history of knee interventions.

Level of evidence
Level III.
Trial registration Medical ethical review board (METC) number: 17–104 (7 August 2017).
Dutch Trial Register (NTR) number: NTR6630 (4 July 2017).
Printed and hybrid integrated electronics using bio-based and
recycled materials—increasing sustainability with greener materials and
technologies
Authors: Välimäki Marja K. , Sokka Laura I. , Peltola Heidi B. , Ihme Sami S. , Rokkonen Teijo M. J. , Kurkela Timo J. , Ollila Jyrki T. , Korhonen Arttu T. , Hast Jukka T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrinted and hybrid integrated electronics produced from recycled and
renewable materials can reduce the depletion of limited material resources while
obtaining energy savings in small electronic applications and their energy storage.
In this work, bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and recycled polyethylene
terephthalate (rPET) were fabricated in film extrusion process and utilized as a
substrate in ultra-thin organic photovoltaics (OPV). In the device structure, metals
and metal oxides were replaced by printing PEDOT:PSS, carbon and amino
acid/heterocycles. Scalable, energy-efficient fabrication of solar cells resulted in
efficiencies up to 6.9% under indoor light. Furthermore, virgin-PET was replaced
with PLA and rPET in printed and hybrid integrated electronics where surface-mount
devices (SMD) were die-bonded onto silver-printed PLA and virgin-PET films to
prepare LED foils followed by an overmoulding process using the rPET and PLA. As a
result, higher relative adhesion of PLA-PLA interface was obtained in comparison
with rPET-PET interface. The obtained results are encouraging from the point of
utilization of scalable manufacturing technologies and natural/recycled materials in
printed and hybrid integrated electronics. Assessment showed a considerable decrease
in carbon footprint, about 10–85%, mainly achieved through replacing of silver,
virgin-PET and modifying solar cell structure. In outdoor light, the materials with
low carbon footprint can decrease energy payback times (EPBT) from ca. 250 days to
under 10 days. In indoor energy harvesting, it is possible to achieve EPBT of less
than 1 year. The structures produced and studied herein have a high potential of
providing sustainable energy solutions for example in IoT-related
technologies.