bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly on energy intake, appetite, control of eating, and gastric emptying in adults with obesity
Authors: Friedrichsen Martin , Breitschaft Astrid , Tadayon Sayeh , Wizert Alicja , Skovgaard Dorthe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of once‐weekly subcutaneous (s.c.) semaglutide 2.4 mg on gastric emptying, appetite, and energy intake in adults with obesity.Materials and MethodsA double‐blind, parallel‐group trial was conducted in 72 adults with obesity, randomized to once‐weekly s.c. semaglutide (dose‐escalated to 2.4 mg) or placebo for 20 weeks. Gastric emptying was assessed using paracetamol absorption following a standardized breakfast. Participant‐reported appetite ratings and Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) responses were assessed, and energy intake was measured during ad libitum lunch.ResultsThe area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) for paracetamol 0 to 5 hours after a standardized meal (AUC0–5h,para; primary endpoint) was increased by 8% (P = 0.005) with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo at week 20 (non‐significant when corrected for week 20 body weight; P = 0.12). No effect was seen on AUC0–1h,para, maximum observed paracetamol concentration, or time to maximum observed paracetamol concentration. Ad libitum energy intake was 35% lower with semaglutide versus placebo (1736 versus 2676 kJ; estimated treatment difference −940 kJ; P <0.0001). Semaglutide reduced hunger and prospective food consumption, and increased fullness and satiety when compared with placebo (all P <0.02). The CoEQ indicated better control of eating and fewer/weaker food cravings with semaglutide versus placebo (P <0.05). Body weight was reduced by 9.9% with semaglutide and 0.4% with placebo. Safety was consistent with the known profile of semaglutide.ConclusionsIn adults with obesity, once‐weekly s.c. semaglutide 2.4 mg suppressed appetite, improved control of eating, and reduced food cravings, ad libitum energy intake and body weight versus placebo. There was no evidence of delayed gastric emptying at week 20, assessed indirectly via paracetamol absorption.
Prediction of heart failure outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Validation of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Score for Heart Failure in Diabetes (TRS‐HFDM) in patients in the ACCORD trial
Authors: Elharram Malik , Ferreira João Pedro , Huynh Thao , Ni Jiayi , Giannetti Nadia , Verma Subodh , Zannad Faiez , Sharma Abhinav 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the ability of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Score for Heart Failure in Diabetes (TRS‐HFDM) to stratify patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high cardiovascular risk for heart failure (HF) hospitalization.Materials and MethodsWe used data from the control group of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group (ACCORD) trial (n = 5123; mean follow‐up 4.8 years). The TRS‐HFDM includes: prior HF (2 points), atrial fibrillation (1 point), coronary artery disease (1 point), estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (1 point), and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (>300 mg/g: 2 points; 30–300 mg/g: 1 point). We evaluated the discrimination (Harrell's C‐index) and calibration (Nam‐D'Agostino calibration statistic) of the TRS‐HFDM with regard to time to HF hospitalization or death due to HF.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 62.8 ± 6.6 years, and 38% were women. The prevalences of TRS‐HFDM 0, 1, 2, 3 and ≥4 were 42.1%, 34.9%, 14.6%, 6.0% and 2.5%, respectively. Increasing TRS‐HFDM corresponded to an increasing HF risk: 1.3 per 1000 person‐years for a TRS‐HFDM of 0 to 64.7 per 1000 person‐years for TRS‐HFDM of ≥4. The TRS‐HFDM demonstrated robust discrimination of HF outcomes (C‐index 0.78). Furthermore, the score was well calibrated for HF outcomes (calibration statistic P = 0.13). Similar results were seen in participants without baseline HF (C‐index 0.75).ConclusionThe TRS‐HFDM discriminates HF‐specific risk among people with T2DM. The use of TRS‐HFDM to identify those who would maximally benefit from therapies that reduce HF risk warrants evaluation.
Large female song repertoires and within‐pair song type sharing in a temperate breeding songbird
Authors: Sikora Jonathan G. , Moyer Michelle J. , Omland Kevin E. , Rose Evangeline M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFemale song has been significantly understudied in songbirds. While male song has been studied for centuries, female song has only begun to be explored in the last few decades. This is especially true in relation to understanding repertoire size and function. In male songbirds, song repertoires are thought to function primarily in mate attraction and territory defense. Only a few studies to date have explored repertoire size in female songbirds, and many of those focused on tropical duetting species. We quantified the size and explored the function of song repertoires in a temperate breeding songbird, the eastern bluebird. Female song in eastern bluebirds functions primarily in communication with a social mate in order to maintain long‐term pair bonds. Previous work in this species also documented that males have large repertoires serving a variety of purposes. We found that female bluebirds have similar song repertoire sizes to males. Also, females share their repertoires and song types more closely with their mate than shared with non‐mates. This is one of the first studies to document large female repertoires in a non‐duetting temperate species. Our findings indicate that large female repertoires and song type sharing in this species is integral to communication between social mates. Additionally, the large effect size of song type sharing with newly formed mates suggests open‐ended learning may be present in this songbird, a previously under‐documented phenomenon in females. This study provides the groundwork to explore the ontogeny and evolution of song repertoire size in female songbirds and to expand our understanding of song repertoires beyond their functions in males as an indicator of male fitness.
Potential of ultra‐highly sensitive immunoassays for hepatitis B surface and core‐related antigens in patients with or without development of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance
Authors: Suzuki Fumitaka , Hosaka Tetsuya , Imaizumi Masayasu , Kobayashi Mariko , Ohue Chiharu , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Fujiyama Shunichiro , Kawamura Yusuke , Sezaki Hitomi , Akuta Norio , Kobayashi Masahiro , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance indicates a “functional cure” in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection. However, several cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development have been reported after HBsAg seroclearance. We evaluated the potential of HBsAg and hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg), measured by the ultra‐highly sensitive assays, in cases with HCC development after HBsAg seroclearance.MethodsWe enrolled 17 patients with CHB who achieved HBsAg seroclearance, defined by the conventional assay using Architect HBsAg QT kit (five HCC patients and 12 non‐HCC patients). HBsAg and HBcrAg were measured in their stored serum samples using ultra‐highly sensitive assays featuring “immunoassay for total antigen including complex via pretreatment (iTACT)” technology.ResultsAll five patients who developed HCC were positive for HBsAg or HBcrAg by iTACT‐HBsAg or iTACT‐HBcrAg at all follow‐up points. HBcrAg levels in the HCC group, using iTACT‐HBcrAg, were significantly higher than those in the non‐HCC group at HBsAg seroclearance (3.6 LogU/ml (2.8–4.2) versus 2.6 (<2.1–3.8), p = 0.020). The best cutoff value of iTACT‐HBcrAg for predicting HCC development was 2.7 LogU/ml by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The prevalence of HBcrAg ≥2.7 in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in non‐HCC group (100% [5/5] versus 33% [4/12], p = 0.029).ConclusionsResidual low viral antigen might predict HCC development even if HBsAg seroclearance was achieved according to a conventional assay. The results suggest that iTACT assays of HBsAg and HBcrAg would be useful for monitoring CHB patients.
Is periodontal disease associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xuan Kun , Jha Ankush R. , Zhao Tianming , Uy John Patrick , Sun Chenyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer. Previous studies investigating the relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and CRC showed controversial conclusions. This meta‐analysis is to explore the association between PD and CRC.MethodsObservational studies that explore the association between CRC and PD were included in this meta‐analysis. A comprehensive literature search in 7 electronic databases to identify all relevant studies published prior to February 2020. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the quality each study. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the association between the PD and CRC risk.ResultsA total of 838 articles were obtained from database searching and 4 articles were obtained from other sources, and 13 articles with 14 studies involving 634,744 participants were included. An association between PD and increased CRC incidence was found, periodontal disease patients were 21% (95%CI, [1.06, 1.38], I2=83.9%) more likely to develop colorectal cancer than people with healthy oral cavity. But there is no significant association between PD and CRC mortality. The heterogeneity of this meta‐analysis was relatively high, I2 was 83.9% (95%CI, [72.7%, 90.5%]), chi‐squared of Q test was 62.18, but sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the result. Funnel plot, Eggerʼs test and Beggʼs test found no publication bias of analysis.ConclusionThe current meta‐analysis demonstrates an association between PD and CRC, indicating that early CRC screening is necessary for people with poor oral health, and oral health improvement might be beneficial for reducing CRC risk.
COGNITION, OPTIMISM, AND THE FORMATION OF AGE‐DEPENDENT SURVIVAL BELIEFS
Authors: Grevenbrock Nils , Groneck Max , Ludwig Alexander , Zimper Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the roles of psychological biases for deviations between subjective survival beliefs (SSBs) and objective survival probabilities. We model these deviations through age‐dependent inverse S‐shaped probability weighting functions. Our estimates suggest that implied measures for cognitive weakness increase and relative optimism decrease with age. Direct measures of cognitive weakness and optimism share these trends. Our regression analyses confirm that these factors play strong quantitative roles in the formation of SSBs. Our main finding is that cognitive weakness instead of optimism becomes with age an increasingly important contributor to the well‐documented overestimation of survival chances in old age.
Evaluation and comparison of the new Mindray BC‐6200 hematology analyzer with ADVIA 2120i
Authors: Kulik Katarzyna , Kwiecień Iwona , Chełstowska Beata , Rutkowska Elżbieta , Rzepecki Piotr 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Mindray BC‐6200 is a new automatic hematology analyzer that quantifies the parameters of blood morphology and leukocyte differential in five populations (5‐Diff). The aim of the study was to evaluate the BC‐6200 and compare it with the Siemens ADVIA 2120i analyzer.Materials and MethodsThe comparison between BC‐6200 and ADVIA 2120i analyzers was performed using 390 whole blood samples collected on K3EDTA. For the BC‐6200, the carryover effect, precision, and linearity were evaluated. 138 samples were used to assess the sensitivity and flag ability, suggesting the presence of abnormal cells such as blasts, immature granulocytes, or atypical lymphocytes. Flagging results were compared with microscopic evaluation of blood smears.ResultsThe BC‐6200 analyzer showed a high correlation (r ≥ .97) with ADVIA 2120i for most of the compared parameters except RDW (r = .8350), MPV (r = .7634), Mon# (r = .8366), Baso# (r = .9205), and NRBC (r = .3768). The BC‐6200 had better correlation with microscopic evaluation for NRBC (r = .8902) compared with ADVIA 2120i (r = .5677). The BC‐6200 has shown high efficiency for flagging blasts (80.4%), immature granulocytes (80.5%), and atypical lymphocytes (69.0%).ConclusionThe new Mindray BC‐6200 hematology analyzer provides high measurements precision and good correlation with ADVIA 2120i for most of the morphology and 5‐diff parameters.
Development of a proxy‐reported scale to assess motor function in infants and young children with early‐onset neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Capella‐Peris Carlos , Emile‐Backer Magalie , Shelton Monique O. , Chrismer Irene C. , Cosgrove Mary M. , Bendixen Roxanna M. , Meilleur Katherine G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo develop a novel proxy‐reported scale of motor function in infants and young children with early‐onset neuromuscular disorders (NMD), entitled the Proxy Motor Outcome Measure (PMOM).DesignA mixed method design was employed, applying both qualitative and quantitative research.MethodsA framework technique using sensitivity analyses guided the development of the most appropriate and relevant subset of items, modelled after 30 neuromuscular disease instruments/scales. The PMOM was designed based on semi‐structured interviews with 16 proxies; a focus group of 11 experts in neuromuscular diseases and scale development, 10 of whom also gave quantitative data using a two‐round Delphi method survey; and cognitive interviews with five proxies. These processes were conducted between January 2014–March 2019.ResultsNine themes and 32 subthemes were derived from the semi‐structured interviews. Five domains and three subdomains of potential items were identified by the focus group. An initial version of the PMOM scale was created with 121 items. Using the two‐round Delphi method, 43 items met agreement on pre‐defined requirements. The second version of the PMOM scale included these 43 and two additional items based on expert feedback. Proxies gave 114 suggestions on cognitive interviews, 99 of which were successfully addressed by the research team. The final version of the PMOM scale included 43 items.ConclusionWe developed a preliminary proxy‐reported instrument, the PMOM, to evaluate motor function in infants and young children with early‐onset NMD.ImpactProxies hold a wealth of knowledge on their child's motor function during early development, which may complement clinic‐based motor function testing. However, there is no validated measure of motor function that incorporates the observation of proxies of infants and young children with NMD. Future work will be focused on assessing the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the PMOM scale and implementing this tool in clinical studies.
Triumphal narratives in the American Civil War: A new nursing professional identity
Authors: Choperena Ana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo analyse the evolving social role of female nurses in the American Civil War context in terms of gender, class and race and to examine whether their caring efforts correspond to the beginnings of a new nursing professional identity.DesignHistorical research.MethodsThirteen American Civil War nurses’ triumphal narratives written between 1865–1902 were analysed. The search and work were carried out between 2012–2020. Women's history and thematic analysis provided, respectively, the theoretical and analytical frameworks.ResultsThe arrival of the war was the catalyst for change. The nurses’ autobiographies were written in a hostile environment where class and racial tensions had to be released. This analysis points to nursing care being transformed from its traditional domestic traits to a progressive and intentional professional dimension.ConclusionAmerican Civil War nurses’ autobiographies offer an innovative vision of their lives and their nursing work. Specifically, the autobiographical accounts provide new perspectives on the evolution of the authors’ social dimension in terms of class, race and gender as well as the development of a new nursing professional identity in that context.ImpactIlluminating overlooked meanings hidden in nurses’ autobiographies improves women's visibility and their contribution to the history of nursing
Left atrial hypertension and the risk of early incident heart failure after atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Gilge Jasen L. , Ahmed Asim , Clark Brad A. , Slaten Alexander , Devathu Rahul , Olson Jeffrey A. , Padanilam Benzy J. , Nair Girish V. , Joshi Sandeep A. , Ravichandran Ashwin K. , Patel Parin J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionElevated left atrial pressure (LAP) during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence, but it is unknown if this correlates with heart failure (HF). The objective of the study was to determine if elevated LAP after AF ablation correlates with HF events.MethodsProspective, single‐center, cohort study measuring LAP and right atrial pressure (RAP) during AF ablation in 100 patients. The primary endpoint was clinical HF within 30 days of ablation. The secondary outcome was AF‐free HF.ResultsOne hundred patients (63% male, mean age 64.5) were enrolled and 20% had clinical HF within 30 days. Bivariate correlates included mitral valve (MV) disease, persistent AF, class III antiarrhythmics, LAP, and recurrent AF. Multivariate analysis revealed class III antiarrhythmics were protective (odds ratio [OR]: 0.24 [0.1–0.5], p = .04), while MV disease (OR: 8.7 [3.3–23], p = .03) and loop diuretics (OR: 4.8 [2.6–9.1], p = .01) were hazardous. AF‐free HF occurred in 9% of patients and correlated with higher LAP and RAP, and chronic kidney disease.ConclusionPatients with HF after AF ablation had higher LAP. MV disease, diuretic use, and class III antiarrhythmics also correlated to HF. These present opportunities to target future interventions to reduce a common complication of AF ablation.
Relationship between dietary patterns and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hassani Zadeh Shirin , Mansoori Anahita , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and Aim: Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. Previous studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD, but their results are contradictory. Therefore, we carried out this meta‐analysis to examine the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD.Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases until November 14, 2019, to identify the observational studies on the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD. We selected three dietary patterns of Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean. A random‐effect model was used to compute the summary risk estimates. Odds ratios (ORs) that were reported for fully adjusted models and their confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted for meta‐analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran's Q‐ and I2 tests. Eighteen articles (n = 24 867 participants) were entered our systematic review and meta‐analysis.Results: We determined that Western dietary patterns (n = 8787 participants) containing high levels of processed food, red meat, high‐fat dairy, and refined grains could significantly increase NAFLD (OR = 1.56, CI = 1.27 to 1.92; P ≤ 0.001). However, the Prudent (n = 13 023 participants) (OR = 0.78, CI = 0.71 to 0.85; P ≤ 0.001) and Mediterranean dietary patterns (n = 3057 participants) (OR = 0.77, CI = 0.60 to 0.98; P = 0.41), defined by high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil decreased the risk of this disease.Conclusions: We found that Western dietary patterns increased the risk of NAFLD by 56%, although the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns reduced the risk of this disease by 22% and 23%, respectively.
A microneedling device for the treatment of spider vein: A case report
Authors: Atefeh Mohammadnejad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpider vein is mostly seen in patients with liver disease, although the underlying problem is sometimes unknown. If spider vein appears on the face, it can affect the self‐esteem and self‐image of patients. Particularly, females are more vulnerable to these complications. Spider nevi are mostly left untreated since they are considered a cosmetic matter; in case of treatment, the procedure is costly with limited satisfaction. Therefore, this study reports the successful treatment of a spider vein case using a microneedling procedure.
Strategies to improve human papillomavirus vaccination rates among adolescents in family practice settings in the United States: A systematic review
Authors: Eisenhauer Lauren , Hansen Bryan R. , Pandian Vinciya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore the interventions aimed at increasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates among adolescents in family practice settings.BackgroundHPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States, and the cause of thousands of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers annually. Although HPV infection can be prevented with recommended vaccination during adolescence, national HPV vaccine rates remain low.DesignSystematic review.MethodsFour databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library) were searched. The search was guided by PRISMA and by the question, ‘What are targeted interventions that improve HPV vaccination rates among adolescents in family practice settings?’ Articles were reviewed for study characteristics and appraised for quality using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tools.ResultsEleven studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Individual study size samples ranged from 749–147,294, with a combined total from all included studies of 276,205; the largest sample reviewed to date from family practice settings. Interventions used to increase HPV vaccination rates included reminder systems; provider and staff education; sensory incentives such as hitting a gong or petting a puppy; and iPad tailored messaging programmes. Studies that employed interventions pre‐, during and postvisit were most effective in increasing HPV vaccination rates.ConclusionsThis review provides the largest data supporting multimodal strategies to increase HPV vaccination rates among adolescent populations. It provides strong evidence to suggest that vaccination rates can be improved using measures at varying times of the patient visit.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAdolescents seek health care in various settings. Many studies have examined interventions to increase HPV vaccination in paediatric settings, but few have examined interventions in family practice settings. This review suggests that family practices should implement multimodal measures before, during and after visits to increase HPV vaccination among adolescent patients.