bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized basal area affects soil respiration temperature sensitivity in a coastal deciduous forest
Authors: Pennington Stephanie C. , McDowell Nate G. , Megonigal J. Patrick , Stegen James C. , Bond-Lamberty Ben 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs), the flow of CO2 from the soil
surface to the atmosphere, is one of the largest carbon fluxes in the
terrestrial biosphere. The spatial variability of Rs is both large and
poorly understood, limiting our ability to robustly scale it in space. One
factor in Rs spatial variability is the autotrophic contribution from
plant roots, but it is uncertain how the presence of plants affects the
magnitude and temperature sensitivity of Rs. This study used 1 year of Rs measurements to examine the effect of localized basal area on
Rs in the growing and dormant seasons, as well as during
moisture-limited times, in a temperate, coastal, deciduous forest in eastern
Maryland, USA. In a linear mixed-effects model, tree basal area within a 5 m
radius (BA5) exerted a significant positive effect on the temperature
sensitivity of soil respiration. Soil moisture was the dominant control on
Rs during the dry portions of the year, while soil moisture,
temperature, and BA5 all exerted significant effects on Rs in
wetter periods. Our results suggest that autotrophic respiration is more
sensitive to temperature than heterotrophic respiration at these sites,
although we did not measure these source fluxes directly, and that soil
respiration is highly moisture sensitive, even in a record-rainfall year.
The Rs flux magnitudes (0.46–15.0 µmol m−2 s−1) and
variability (coefficient of variability 10 %–23 % across plots) observed
in this study were comparable to values observed in similar forests. Six
Rs observations would be required in order to estimate the mean across
all study sites to within 50 %, and 518 would be required in order to
estimate it to within 5 %, with 95 % confidence. A better understanding
of the spatial interactions between plants and microbes, as well as the
strength and speed of above- and belowground coupling, is necessary to
link these processes with large-scale soil-to-atmosphere C fluxes.
Extending square conservation to arbitrarily structured C-grids with shallow water equations
Authors: Zhou Lilong , Feng Jinming , Hua Lijuan , Zhong Linhao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The square conservation law is implemented in atmospheric dynamic cores on latitude–longitude grids, but it is rarely implemented on quasi-uniform grids, given the difficulty involved in constructing anti-symmetrical spatial discrete operators on these grids. Increasingly more models are being developed on quasi-uniform grids, such as arbitrarily structured C-grids. Thuburn–Ringler–Skamarock–Klemp (TRiSK) is a shallow water dynamic core on an arbitrarily structured C-grid. The spatial discrete operator of TRiSK is able to naturally maintain the conservation properties of total mass and total absolute vorticity and conserving total energy with time truncation error; the first two integral invariants are exactly conserved during integration, but the total energy dissipates when using the dissipative temporal integration schemes, i.e., Runge–Kutta (RK). The method of strictly conserving the total energy simultaneously, which means conserving energy in the round-off error over the entire temporal integration period, uses both an anti-symmetrical spatial discrete operator and a square conservative temporal integration scheme. In this study, we demonstrate that square conservation is equivalent to energy conservation in both a continuous shallow water system and a discrete shallow water system of TRiSK. After that, we attempt to extend the square conservation law to the TRiSK framework. To overcome the challenge of constructing an anti-symmetrical spatial discrete operator, we unify the unit of evolution variables of shallow water equations using the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) transformation, and the temporal derivatives of new evolution variables can be expressed by a combination of temporal derivatives of original evolution variables, which means the square conservative spatial discrete operator can be obtain by using original spatial discrete operators in TRiSK. Using the square conservative Runge–Kutta scheme, the total energy is completely conserved, and there is no influence on the properties of conserving total mass and total absolute vorticity. In the standard shallow water numerical test, the square conservative scheme not only helps maintain total conservation of the three integral invariants but also creates less simulation error norms.
Glacial-cycle simulations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) – Part 2: Parameter ensemble analysis
Authors: Albrecht Torsten , Winkelmann Ricarda , Levermann Anders 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) is applied to the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the last two glacial cycles (≈210 000 years) with a resolution of 16 km. An ensemble of 256 model runs is analyzed in which four relevant model parameters have been systematically varied using full-factorial parameter sampling. Parameters and plausible parameter ranges have been identified in a companion paper (Albrecht et al., 2020) and are associated with ice dynamics, climatic forcing, basal sliding and bed deformation and represent distinct classes of model uncertainties. The model is scored against both modern and geologic data, including reconstructed grounding-line locations, elevation–age data, ice thickness, surface velocities and uplift rates. An aggregated score is computed for each ensemble member that measures the overall model–data misfit, including measurement uncertainty in terms of a Gaussian error model (Briggs and Tarasov, 2013). The statistical method used to analyze the ensemble simulation results follows closely the simple averaging method described in Pollard et al. (2016). This analysis reveals clusters of best-fit parameter combinations, and hence a likely range of relevant model and boundary parameters, rather than individual best-fit parameters. The ensemble of reconstructed histories of Antarctic Ice Sheet volumes provides a score-weighted likely range of sea-level contributions since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) of 9.4±4.1 m (or 6.5±2.0×106km3), which is at the upper range of most previous studies. The last deglaciation occurs in all ensemble simulations after around 12 000 years before present and hence after the meltwater pulse 1A (MWP1a). Our ensemble analysis also provides an estimate of parametric uncertainty bounds for the present-day state that can be used for PISM projections of future sea-level contributions from the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Mapping Urban Change in Harrisburg, 1900–1930
Authors: Sarvis Albert 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Harrisburg's City Beautiful movement dramatically transformed the urban landscape between 1900 and 1930 through the installation of new roads, water systems, and parks, and the dislocation of the communities of the Old Eighth Ward. This article applies different geospatial analytical techniques—hexagon overlay, kernel density, mean center, and directional distribution—to visualize Harrisburg's population distribution during this period and to map its growth and movements in response to these changes.
Mira Lloyd Dock and the City Beautiful Campaign
Authors: Rimby Susan 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Harrisburg voters' support for a bond issue to fund municipal improvements in 1902 is now recognized as a turning point in the City Beautiful movement. Mira Lloyd Dock was among the citizens who led Harrisburg's City Beautiful campaign and consistently advocated the need to clean up the city. While Dock did not have the political clout of her male allies, she served as a bridge leader who recruited women to the cause and engaged in important grassroots work.
History and Memory of the Old Eighth Ward
Authors: Williams Rachel 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The City Beautiful movement in Harrisburg brought many improvements to the capital city, but it also brought destruction to the diverse neighborhood directly east of the capitol building, known today as the “Old Eighth Ward.” Even though this community no longer exists, newspaper accounts of its razing and digital mapping of the families of the Old Eighth Ward preserve this story of displacement within public memory.
Análise de métodos para diagnóstico de obesidade sarcopênica em idosos
Authors: Diniz Joyce De Sousa , Gonçalves Thatiana Siqueira de Freitas , Parreira Karina Eraclea Lara Ferreira , Beal Fabiani Lage Rodrigues 
Published: February 2020

O envelhecimento desencadeia em diversas alterações no indivíduo, podendo levar ao comprometimento de seu estado geral. A redução da massa muscular associada a perda da funcionalidade em indivíduos obesos é denominada Obesidade Sarcopênica (OS). A identificação de ferramentas para correta mensuração do tecido muscular e adiposo tem sido desafiadora, visto que estas precisam aliar precisão, segurança e aplicabilidade clínica. Portanto, o presente estudo objetivou analisar os métodos disponíveis para o diagnóstico da Obesidade Sarcopênica na população idosa. Os artigos analisados demonstraram que a utilização de diferentes métodos de avaliação, apresentam significativa variação de resultados, gerando influência direta na análise da prevalência de OS nessa população. Faz-se necessário definir um padrão diagnóstico para melhor aplicação de estratégias e intervenções que possibilitem a melhora da qualidade de vida do idoso.
Extensão da teoria da seletividade socioemocional a idosos usuários do Facebook
Authors: Chiarelli Tássia Monique , Batistoni Samila Sathler Tavares 
Published: February 2020

As novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC’s) trazem novos desafios às teorias clássicas sobre relações sociais na velhice. Objetivos: Seguindo os pressupostos da Teoria da Seletividade Socioemocional (TSSE), o presente estudo investigou o quanto esses se estendem às relações sociais de idosos mediadas pela utilização do Facebook. Métodos: Foram entrevistados 130 idosos recrutados em serviços públicos de acesso à internet na cidade de São Paulo (82,3% feminino, M= 67,9 anos de idade, M= 12 anos de estudo) usuários do Facebook há pelo menos um ano e com no mínimo 30 contatos estabelecidos na rede. Foram levantados dados sociodemográficos, de uso do Facebook (frequência de utilização, tamanho da rede, senso de autoeficácia, qualidade dos contatos) e referentes a construtos centrais à TSSE (escala de Perspectiva de Tempo Futuro - PTF e Satisfação com a Vida). Para testar as relações entre as variáveis do estudo e satisfação com a vida foi utilizada a análise de equações estruturais para variáveis manifestas (Path Analysis). Resultados: Foram encontradas associações diretas e mediadas por PTF entre idade e satisfação com a vida, e relações diretas entre idade e tamanho das redes sociais, conforme predito pela Teoria. Indicadores de seletividade socioemocional, como redução no tamanho das redes e proximidade emocional não foram associados a satisfação com a vida. Conclusão: Os dados sugerem que as relações sociais via Facebook pressupõe a atuação de um conjunto diferenciado de metas sociais e de mecanismos adaptativos associados à satisfação com vida na velhice.
O NOVO VELHO: PARADIGMAS, REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS E ASPECTOS PSICOLÓGICOS
Authors: Martinelli Cáren De Souza , Souza Ana Paula Lazzaretti 
Published: February 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi buscar um entendimento acerca do atual processo de envelhecimento humano, tendo em vista o aumento da expectativa de vida no Brasil e no mundo, considerando que as previsões indicam que, possivelmente, em poucos anos o Brasil será um país de cabelos brancos. Participaram desta pesquisa seis pessoas, três homens e três mulheres, com idades entre 66 e 94 anos, residentes na Região das Hortênsias, na Serra Gaúcha. Este trabalho teve como enfoque a pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratório-descritiva, com aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada, questionário sociodemográfico e miniexame do estado mental. A partir dos dados apresentados, criaram-se quatro categorias temáticas: ser idoso, representações sociais, o novo velho e sexualidade. Os resultados apontaram que os idosos atuais apresentam diversas mudanças no que diz respeito aos hábitos, relacionamentos, cuidados com a saúde e características psicológicas, em relação aos idosos de gerações anteriores. Tais achados indicam o surgimento de um novo velho, que desempenha um novo papel na sociedade, mantendo bom trânsito no seu meio de convivência, apesar das representações negativas e preconceituosas ainda vigentes. Umsujeito competente, que mantém hábitos saudáveis e cuja sexualidade permanece ativa durante essa etapa da vida, ainda que haja limitações e seja percebida de maneira diferente pelo homem e pela mulher.
ACESSO A SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE EM IDOSOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA
Authors: De Souza Guilherme Briczinski , Lucero Juliane Pinto , Garcia Eduardo 
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O Brasil, juntamente com outros países, tem vivenciado o aumento acelerado do número de pessoas com mais de 60 anos de idade, desta forma à medida que a estrutura da população está mais envelhecida, a proporção de pessoas que utilizam os serviços de saúde aumenta. Portanto a disponibilidade de serviços, a distribuição geográfica, os mecanismos de financiamento dos serviços e a sua organização representam características que podem facilitar ou dificultar o acesso aos serviços de saúde para as pessoas idosas. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências cientificas publicadas sobre o acesso de pessoas idosas aos serviços de saúde. Método: Foi feita uma busca por artigos publicados de janeiro de 2009 a maio de 2019 nas bases de dados PubMed e Lilacs. Utilizaram-se os seguintes descritores (health services accessibility" OR "health services utilization" OR "access to health services") and ("elderly" OR "major adults" OR "older people" OR "aged" OR "older adults"). Os critérios de elegibilidade foram textos na forma de artigos científicos originais disponíveis on-line, na íntegra, que abordassem a temática nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: A partir da combinação dos descritores, foram encontrados 1076 artigos, mas apenas 7 selecionados por se adequarem ao objetivo e fatores de inclusão. A maior parte dos estudos foi publicada em 2017 (42%), predominando delineamentos transversal (42%). Constatou-se entre os escolhidos, que alta escolaridade e renda estão associados com acesso a serviços de saúde por idosos fazendo a renda familiar influenciar na frequência de procura da assistência de saúde. Outro ponto está no fato do maior numero de consultas por parte dessa população e aalternativa de acesso com os serviços de home & care. Foi evidenciado também que a população de mais de oitenta anos de idade precisa ter um acesso ampliado aos serviços de saúde e as limitações funcionais são um impedimento ao acesso a saúde, evidenciando maior dificuldade aos serviços públicos do que privados. Conclusão: Desta forma o poder de compra e o grau de escolaridade estão intimamente ligados ao acesso aos serviços de saúde, toda via, são os serviços privados que estão mais adaptados para a demanda do paciente idoso, isso devido as lacunas do serviço de saúde púbica e o descaso do poder público
A transcriptional co-expression network-based approach to identify prognostic biomarkers in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Liu Danqi , Zhou Boting , Liu Rangru 
Published: February 2020

Background
Gastric carcinoma is a very diverse disease. The progression of gastric carcinoma is influenced by complicated gene networks. This study aims to investigate the actual and potential prognostic biomarkers related to survival in gastric carcinoma patients to further our understanding of tumor biology.

Methods
A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed with a transcriptome dataset to identify networks and hub genes relevant to gastric carcinoma prognosis. Data was obtained from 300 primary gastric carcinomas (GSE62254). A validation dataset (GSE34942 and GSE15459) and TCGA dataset confirmed the results. Gene ontology, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to identify the clusters responsible for the biological processes and pathways of this disease.

Results
A brown transcriptional module enriched in the organizational process of the extracellular matrix was significantly correlated with overall survival (HR = 1.586, p = 0.005, 95% CI [1.149–2.189]) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.544, p = 0.008, 95% CI [1.119–2.131]). These observations were confirmed in the validation dataset (HR = 1.664, p = 0.006, 95% CI [1.155–2.398] in overall survival). Ten hub genes were identified and confirmed in the validation dataset from this brown module; five key biomarkers (COL8A1, FRMD6, TIMP2, CNRIP1 and GPR124 (ADGRA2)) were identified for further research in microsatellite instability (MSI) and epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (MSS/EMT) gastric carcinoma molecular subtypes. A high expression of these genes indicated a poor prognosis.

Conclusion
A transcriptional co-expression network-based approach was used to identify prognostic biomarkers in gastric carcinoma. This method may have potential for use in personalized therapies, however, large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials and replication experiments are needed before these key biomarkers can be applied clinically.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Candida SPP from Poultry with Symptoms of Candidiasis in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Fagbohun E. D. , Ayantola K. J. , Dada A. T. 
Published: February 2020

Aim: The aim of this study is to isolate, identify and characterize Candida spp from cloacal swabs of poultry or birds in Ekiti State University poultry farm, Ago-aduloju poultry farm and Federal Polytechnic of Ado Ekiti poultry farm using molecular method.
Place and Period of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria in August 2016.
Methodology: Fifty samples of poultry droppings were collected from three farms within Ado Ekiti. The samples were inoculated on Sabourand dextrose agar amended with chloramphenicol. All the fungal isolates were isolated using pour plate method. The isolates were identified based on their morphological, cultural characteristics and molecular analysis.
Results: Eight isolates were obtained from a total of fifty samples. Four isolates were identified as Candida albicans strain E10-15 while the fifth isolates was Candida zemplinina strain MCR9. The result showed that three of the eight isolates had small amplicon which were not enough to give the sequence identity of the isolates while the remaining five isolates had large amplicon.
Conclusion: The result of the work demonstrated that poultry birds harbor Candida albicans which is a potential pathogenic yeast. This study signifies the need to discover more environmental niches for yeast especially of Candida species and also recommends that poultry birds should always be treated with proper antibiotics to avoid candidiasis.
Defining Pain That Does Not Interfere With Activities Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Lee Yvonne C. , Katz Patricia , Quebe Amanda , Sun Luna , Patel Himanshu , Gaich Carol L. , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to: 1) characterize the distribution of noninterfering pain (defined as the pain intensity level at which individuals can function without interference) across different aspects of life among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 2) identify clinical characteristics associated with differing levels of noninterfering pain.MethodsPatients with RA in FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases completed 8 items from the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pain interference item bank that asked about interference with activities. If subjects reported pain interference, they were asked, “At what level would pain no longer interfere with this activity?” on a scale of 0 to 10. Subjects were also asked, “At what level of pain would you be able to do everything you want to do?” Multiple linear regression analyses examined associations between clinical characteristics and noninterfering pain.ResultsA total of 3,949 patients with RA completed the questionnaires. Pain interference was most common for daily activities and least common for ability to concentrate. The mean ± SD level at which pain no longer interfered with activities ranged from 2.7 ± 2.1 for ability to fall/stay asleep to 3.1 ± 2.0 for social activities. Overall, the mean ± SD threshold for noninterfering pain was 2.8 ± 1.9. The mean ± SD level of pain at which patients could do everything they wanted to do was 2.3 ± 1.9. More severe pain intensity was associated with higher noninterfering pain.ConclusionThe mean pain level that did not interfere with activities was 3. High pain intensity was associated with high self‐reported noninterfering pain.
Recent Progress of Heterojunction Ultraviolet Photodetectors: Materials, Integrations, and Applications
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Ouyang Weixin , Yang Wei , He Jr‐Hau , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUltraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs) with “5S” (high sensitivity, high signal‐to‐noise ratio, excellent spectrum selectivity, fast speed, and great stability) have been proposed as promising optoelectronics in recent years. To realize high‐performance UV PDs, heterojunctions are created to form a built‐in electrical field for suppressing recombination of photogenerated carriers and promoting collection efficiency. In this progress report, the fundamental components of heterojunctions including UV response semiconductors and other materials functionalized with unique effects are discussed. Then, strategies of building PDs with lattice‐matched heterojunctions, van der Waals heterostructures, and other heterojunctions are summarized. Finally, several applications based on heterojunction/heterostructure UV PDs are discussed, compromising flexible photodetectors, logic gates, and image sensors. This work draws an outline of diverse materials as well as basic assembly methods applied in heterojunction/heterostructure UV PDs, which will help to bring about new possibilities and call for more efforts to unleash the potential of heterojunctions.
Crosslink‐Enhanced Emission Effect on Luminescence in Polymers: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Tao Songyuan , Zhu Shoujun , Feng Tanglue , Zheng Chengyu , Yang Bai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe crosslink‐enhanced emission effect was first proposed to explore the strong luminescence of nonconjugated polymer dots possessing only either non‐emissive or weakly emissive sub‐luminophores. Interesting phenomena in recent research indicate such enhancement caused by extensive crosslinking appears in diverse luminescent polymers with sub‐luminophores (electron‐rich heteroatomic moieties) or luminophores (conjugated π domains). This enhancement can promote the emission from nonluminous to luminous, from weakly luminous to strongly luminous, and even convert the pathway of radiative transitions. The concept of the crosslink‐enhanced emission effect should be updated and extended to an in‐depth spatial effect, such as electron overlap and energy splitting in confined domains by effective crosslinking, more than initial immobilization. This Minireview outlines the development of the crosslink‐enhanced emission effect from the perspective of the detailed classification, inherent mechanism and applicable systems. An outlook on the further exploration and application of this theory are also proposed.