bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cronologias Da Infância E Disputas De Representações Em Textos Eclesiásticos E Jurídicos No Brasil Império
Authors: Tuchinski dos Anjos Juarez José 
Published: May 2020

Na medida em que a historiografia compreende a infância como uma construção social sobre um período da vida humana que informa as experiências concretas de ser criança na história (CUNNINGHAN, 1997), torna-se relevante estudar como, em determinados contextos, se procurou delimitar cronologicamente a sua duração e, de que maneira, diferentes instituições, ao produzirem sobre ela distintas representações (CHARTIER, 2002), disputaram para si esse tempo da vida. Assim, valendo-se da noção de lutas de representações (CHARTIER, 2002), o objetivo do artigo é identificar as representações sobre as cronologias da infância presentes em textos eclesiásticos e jurídicos em circulação no Brasil Império, evidenciando como disputavam entre si e eram postas a serviço dos interesses da Igreja e do Estado, formados, então, por três grupos distintos: os regalistas, os liberais e os ultramontanos. Utilizando-se a metodologia histórica, as fontes interrogadas são as Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia e o Abecedário Jurídico, de Carlos Antonio Cordeiro. As conclusões, num primeiro momento, apontam que as cronologias encontradas praticamente coincidem entre si, sendo a infância, para a Igreja e o Estado, o período da vida da criança que ia do nascimento aos doze/catorze anos (no caso de meninas/meninos). Todavia, um olhar aprofundado deixa entrever que a Igreja, por meio das cronologias que propunha, conseguia manter-se mais presente e influente na vida das famílias e das crianças, na medida em que através de uma série de subdivisões e responsabilidades, preenchia com inúmeras especificidades todo o tempo da vida da criança que procurava delimitar.
Infância Nos Caminhos Da Psicologia: Representações De Infância Psicologizada Na Revista Pais & Filhos (1968-1989)
Authors: Borba dos Santos Liana Pereira 
Published: May 2020

Este estudo, de caráter histórico e documental, visa compreender de que forma a revista mensal Pais & Filhos contribuiu para a produção e a divulgação de representações de uma dimensão de infância psicologizada na sociedade brasileira no período de 1968 a 1989, segundo perspectiva que tinha na Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e na Psicanálise suas bases científicas por excelência. O estudo das representações remete às práticas socioculturais que possibilitam, circunscrevem e determinam experiências de infância em um contexto histórico (CHARTIER, 2002; KUHLMANN JR.; FERNANDES, 2004). Em Pais & Filhos, constatou-se a presença da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento como discurso canônico sobre a infância, por meio de matérias, seções fixas e testes que apresentavam o processo de crescimento da criança em bases cronológicas. O tema da sexualidade infantil também se destacou pela divulgação de modos de “fazer falar o sexo” (FOUCAULT, 2009), exemplificado pela frequência do discurso especializado que visava explicar o desenvolvimento afetivo e sexual das crianças tendo os estudos de Freud, Klein e Winnicott como referências predominantes. Pais & Filhos atuou como espaço pedagógico de formação dos pais-leitores, servindo de guia aparentemente confiável e especializado para a explicação dos comportamentos infantis. Espera-se, assim, que este estudo contribua para o campo de produção científica que tem as representações relativas à infância e à sua educação como foco, assim como para o campo de estudos da História da Educação que tem a imprensa periódica de ampla circulação como fonte privilegiada de pesquisa.
Role of Banks in Money Laundering through Fake Bank Accounts and Writing off Loan in Pakistan: An Analytical Study
Authors: Habib Rao Imran , Attia Madni  , Naureen Akhtar  
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Recent media reports of money laundering through fake bank accounts implicate the involvement of banks in money laundering through "managed bank accounts". Further the waivers of loan of apparently sound institutions also give rise to specific questions and reservations on the role of banks. This paper attempts to explore the answer to those fundamental questions.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research follows qualitative content analysis methods to critically analyze the role of banks in money laundering and loan waiver policies.
Findings: The research finds that despite of heavy banking regulations and laws the banking accounts are being used for money laundering. Further, the research concludes that the act of waiving off loans allegedly has provided a channel to misuse the public earned money, resulting in gross loss to the public exchequer.
Implications/Originality/Value: The research concludes that the role of bank in maintaining the fake/idle accounts and the loan waiver policy and its malafide usage in the banking sector resulted in financial frauds and money laundering in Pakistan
Impact of Foreign Remittances on Financial Development of Pakistan
Authors: Ghulam Mustafa  , Said Zamin Shah  , Asim Iqbal  
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Mostly developing countries are not receiving the remittances with same speed as compared to workers’ outflow. This cumbersome situation allows developing countries to go to external source of funding (debt) for economic and financial development-FD. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the nexus between FD and remittances in Pakistan for the period 1976-2015.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study utilizes the time series annual data for the period 1976-2015. Data were taken from different sources like world bank data source and different economic surveys of Pakistan. To evaluate the long run relationships between FD and remittances, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) strategy is utilized.
Findings: The empirical results indicate that remittances have a significant positive impact on FD (M2/GDP) except for CPS/GDP measure of FD which has insignificant positive coefficient.
Implications/Originality/Value: Most of previous literature measured FD with the ratio of money supply to GDP (M2/GDP) however, the current study measured with two indicators i.e. the ratio of money supply to GDP (M2/GDP) and the ratio of bank credit to GDP (CPS/GDP). This is the main contribution in the literature. The study recommends that remittances channelize financial segment of the country in augmented manner and government should encourage Pakistani expatriates to send the remittance through formal sources (e.g. banks). Financial institutions and intermediaries working in Pakistan should exaggerate the recruitment of remittances with the purpose to make them significant source for loanable funds. In addition to this, the concern department should simplify the procedure for sending remittances.
Identification of Institutionalized Violence in Elementary Schools
Authors: Khadija Sittar  , Misbah Malik  , Sumaira Munawar  
Published: May 2020

Violence unfolds itself in relation to the persons and activities within a specific institution, including violence from custodial authorities such as correctional officers and symbolic violence such as isolation and restriction to developmental resources. This study aims to identify the institutionalized violence prevailing in elementary schools in Punjab. Four subjects were selected at elementary level. Three male and three female elementary school teachers were selected for interview to identify the institutionalized violence. Semi structured interview protocol was used as tool of the study. Semi structured questions were developed around the following themes: inequalities in number of teaching period, discrimination in time table, demoralization, demotivation in academic activities and imposing extra duties, discrimination in leave and relaxation. The findings of the study revealed that discrimination practices of head teachers are demotivating elementary school teachers which may affect students and school performance. On the basis of findings it is recommended that training might be arranged for improving the teachers’ performance.
Islamic Financial Development and Economic Growth of Emerging Economy of Pakistan; a Panel Data Approach
Authors: Muhammad Yasir Saeed  , Kashif Hamid  , Ur Rehman Muhammad Ahmad , Muhammad Nazam  
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic interactions between five pure Islamic banks of Pakistan and economic growth by using Panel ARDL method over the period of 2006-2016. The study elaborates strong confirmation and advocates the significant positive long-run relationship with economic growth. However, in short-run, each bank has individual significant positive relationship with economic growth in its individual capacity. The findings of this study are encouraging and signify a considerable contribution to recognize how pure Islamic banks activities translated into economic performance of the country. Although prudential regulations of State Bank of Pakistan are quite sound and their legislative structure and policy framing is also equally good but they are required to enhance the number of pure Islamic banks in the country for offering multiple options to clientele in order to promote Islamic economic activities in the country to make Pakistan more prosperous.
Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions, Industry Attributes and Firms Related Variables on Capital Structure: A Cross Industry Analysis
Authors: Rana Shahid Imdad Akash  , Muhammad Mudasar Ghafoor  , Nida Siddique  
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This study is conducted to examine the main strength of firms’ specific variables, industry effects and macroeconomic conditions in predicting the capital structure choices of non financial listed companies of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX-100). Design/Methodology/Approach: To perform the study, a sample of twelve sectors covering a period from 2012 to 2017 is taken from PSX-100. Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model is applied to explore the capital structure choices. Results of study indicate that the short term debt plays a major part in designing the capital structure of listed companies of PSX-100.
Findings: Macroeconomic conditions have been identified to cause an increase in financial distress and costs of debt unanimously. The financial distress and costs are significant in financial market developments for a time horizons.
Implications/Originality/Value: The development in financial markets can have an opportunity to increase the choice of capital structure of firms optimistically. It is explored that source of capital choice seems to decrease in agency behavior and risk due to refinancing. The less agency problem and less risk provide better choice of debt and future growth to the financial market. The growth environment is life blood of financial market and economy.
Evidence of Inflation-Poverty Causality in Nigeria based on the Toda-Yamamoto Dynamic Causality Test.
Authors: Danlami Ibrahim Abdulhamid , Hidthiir Mohamad Helmi , Hassan Sallahuddin 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: One of the known global consequences of inflation is increasing and causing poverty. Most studies follow suit and empirically investigated the effect of inflation on poverty without taking into cognizance that poverty might as well cause inflation. The main aim of this study is to investigate the nature of causality between inflation and poverty in Nigeria.
Methodology This research work employs the famous Toda-Yamamoto causality test to investigate the nature of causality between inflation and poverty in Nigeria for the period 1980-2016, with money supply and exchange rate as control variables.
Findings: The results reveal that there is bidirectional causality between inflation and poverty, none of the variables cause money supply and none of them cause exchanges rate.
Implication: Even though the money supply does not cause poverty directly, it does cause inflation, and inflation in turns causes poverty. Also, the exchange rate does not cause inflation directly, but it does cause poverty, and at the same time, poverty causes inflation. Therefore, the study calls the attention of the policymakers to be cautious in making policies concerning money supply and local currency devaluations (exchange rate) as they cause both inflation and poverty directly and indirectly, consequently, they affect the societal welfare in general.
Aquatic Exercise to Treat Pregnancy Related Issues in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ali Asif , Azam Muhammad , Askry Zargham ul Hassan 
Published: May 2020

Background: Wide ranges of physiological changes occur as a result of pregnancy in women that, in certain cases, may cause variety of psychological and physical problems in pregnant women. Aquatic exercises believed to be safe for pregnant women and believed to foster positive effect on psychophysical health. Current health care setting and nursing emphasizes on evidence based approaches when developing and implementing interventions to address health related issues of pregnant women.
Purpose: This review sought to synthesize qualitatively the existing research evidences concerning association between aquatic exercises and psychophysical problems in pregnant women.
Methods: A 1989 records were yielded as result of conducting a systematic search in nine research data bases. After undergoing rigorous screening and assessment procedure of eligibility, and quality appraisal, a total of seventeen research articles were ultimately selected to include in this review.
Result: Out of seventeen admissible studies, ten studies found that aquatic exercises exerts positive impact to decreases variety of physical discomforts such as fatigue, pelvic pain, labor pain, and edema. The remaining seven studies presented beneficial effects of aquatic exercises for psychological factors such as body image, stress, depression, feelings, mood, distress, and anxiety in pregnant women. Moreover, among the seventeen studies, only two studies showed effectiveness of aquatic exercises to manage body weight and two studies found improvement in sleep during pregnancy.
Conclusion: This review found some evidence in support of the efficacy of aquatic exercises to reduce physical discomfort and improve psychological factors in pregnant women. More studies essential to reach stronger conclusion. The existing evidence concerning effectiveness of this intervention for weight management and sleep health during pregnancy is insufficient.
Toward Socially Sustainable Tourism: The Impact of Tourism on SMEs And Livelihood Development At Tourism Destinations In Bahawalpur Pakistan
Authors: Mukhtar Rahim 
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of tourism on SMEs and livelihood development at local area (tourism destination). The idea behind preparing this thesis is to study and relate to this particular scenario which is green tourism within Pakistan. Sustainable tourism should provide a better vacation experience, and for local residents to seek better tourism business opportunities. Higher quality of life is achieved through societal and cost-effective benefits. The information is based on the response of the individuals surveyed. It also includes the current and past data of tourism. To accomplish the purpose of the research, the data was acquired from the tourism related SMEs owners and managers with a sample of 250, chosen randomly of South Punjab, Pakistan The scope of the comprehensive thesis is limited to the responses of the individuals. This thesis is a modest attempt towards the conclusion that tourism research is very important because in previous years there has been a significant increase in tourism, which helps in boosting the economy. This paper is about the sustainability of tourism in which the small scale tourism related SMEs, personal improvement of SMEs owner manager, and livelihood development of local communities are the independent sub variable and the dependent variable livelihood development in the local area (tourism destination).Data analysis was conducted using a reliability test, Multicollinearity, correlation, regression, demographic and normality test. Finally, the results of this intended study revealed that there is a moderate significant of local area (tourism destination) with respect to small scale tourism related SMEs and livelihood development of local community, not significant with respect to personal improvement of SMEs owner manager. Government should try hard for the promotion and revival of tourism to increase the community development and SMEs development. Furthermore, this study recommends future researchers to focus on internal and as well as external factors of tourism and its related SMEs in Pakistan.
AN ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING ABILITY VIEWED FROM CREATIVE ATTITUDE
Authors: Utami Nida Sri 
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze mathematical understanding ability, especially students of mathematics education at second semester. Understanding ability that was researched is about group of algebra structure. This research use descriptif qualitative method. Subject at this research are second semester mathematics education student in Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta in academic year 2018/2019. Data in this research were obtained with interview, test, and documentation. Results showed student with high creative attitude has translation ability, interpretation ability, and exploration ability. Student with medium creative attitude has translation ability and interpretation ability, but hasn’t exploration ability. Student with low creative attitude has translation ability, but hasn’t interpretation ability and exploration ability
IMPROVING STUDENT’S LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT ON MATHEMATICS THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING TYPE THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS)
Authors: Setyaningsih Rini , Rejeki Sri 
Published: May 2020

This study aims to find out the significant effect of cooperative learning type Think Pair Share (TPS) in improving students’ learning achievement on the subject of elementary statistics. This is a quasi experimental study involving all students who take elementary statistics subject at the Department of Mathematics Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The subjects of this study were devided into 2 groups, namely the experimental group taught using cooperative learning type Think Pair Share (TPS) and the control group taught using conventional learning. Each group is taught with the same topic, namely hypothesis testing. In this study, the data collection was done by test and observation. Whereas, the data analysis was conducted using one way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with five percent of significant level. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of learning methods on students’ learning achievement on statistics. The learning mathematics with cooperative learning type Think Pair Share (TPS) can improve students’ learning achievement on statistics
Volume Unit in the Period of The Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam: An Integrated Study of Mathematics and Islamic Histories within the Contemporary Context
Authors: Dassa Awi , Asyari Syahrullah , Qadry Ikhbariaty Kautsar 
Published: May 2020

This article aims at presenting one of the mathematics topics in Islamic history, namely volume unit which had been used by Arabians in the medieval age, especially by the Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam. It is something rarely revealed by, or even never be found in the literature of mathematics history by Western mathematics historians. The study results show that in the period of Muhammad Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam, Arabians used Qullah unit in determining the volume of an object, where 1 Qullah is about 96 liters so that 2 Qullahs will be about 192 liters. It is in line with the result of the computation mathematically based upon the explanation of scholars in contemporary Islamic Jurisprudence
The Development Of Problem-Based Mathematics Learning Model For The First Year Vocational High School Students
Authors: Pertiwi Indah , Sofi'i Imam 
Published: May 2020

This study is intended to produce a problem-based mathematics learning model for SMK (Vocational High School). The development used the Plomp development model. The procedures are: (1) preliminary study; (2) the stage of developing or making a prototype; and (3) assessment phase. The feasibility of a problem-based mathematics learning model for SMK that is developed refers to the product quality criteria that are valid, practical, and effective. The development of problem-based mathematics learning models for Vocational Schools involved two experts and three practitioners. The objects in this study were students of first year vocational high schools in South Tangerang City and three mathematics teachers. Sampling techniques used in this study are purposive sampling, stratified random sampling, and proportional random sampling. The instruments used consist of: instruments for evaluating validity which included validation sheets, instruments for assessing practicality which included practicality assessment sheets from teachers and students, and observations sheets for the implementation of learning, as well as effectiveness assessment sheets namely learning achievement tests. The results showed that the learning model developed includes syntax, social systems, reaction principles, support systems, and learning impacts that meet valid, practical, and effective criteria