bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field-Testing of Biodiesel (B100) and Diesel-Fueled Vehicles: Part 1—No Load and Highway Driving Emissions, and Acceleration Characteristics
Authors: Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Agarwal Deepak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiodiesel has emerged as a sustainable renewable transport fuel worldwide. This study investigated the use of biodiesel (B100) and mineral diesel in two identical unmodified vehicles to realistically assess different aspects of biodiesel’s compatibility with modern common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engines. Exhaustive experimental results from this series of tests are divided into four segments and no-load engine speed emissions, highway driving emissions, and acceleration characteristics of biodiesel and diesel-fueled vehicles are included in this first paper of the series of four papers. First, the emissions were measured at different engine speeds at no load, when the vehicles were stationary. Thereafter, the real highway driving emissions were measured at different vehicle speeds using on-board emission analyzers. CO and HC emissions from biodiesel fueled stationary vehicle were negligible but relatively higher than mineral diesel-fueled stationary vehicle. NOx emissions increased with increasing engine speed at no-load condition for both stationary vehicles and smoke opacity was also very low for most engine speeds at no load. Among real highway driving emissions, CO and HC from biodiesel-fueled vehicles were ∼13% and ∼30% lower than mineral diesel-fueled vehicles, respectively, at varying vehicle speeds. Emissions of CO2 were not too different in these two vehicles but NOx emissions from biodiesel-fueled vehicle were ∼32% higher than mineral diesel-fueled vehicle. Smoke opacity from biodiesel-fueled vehicle was lower by ∼80% than mineral diesel-fueled vehicle and it didn’t increase with increasing vehicle speed. Acceleration characteristics of biodiesel-fueled vehicle were as good as diesel-fueled vehicle up to a speed of 90 kmph using stock electronic control unit (ECU), however, beyond 90 kmph vehicle speed, the acceleration of biodiesel-fueled vehicle was noticeably lower than baseline mineral diesel-fueled vehicle. This underlines the need for ECU recalibration before the large-scale implementation of biodiesel in existing diesel vehicles.
Field-Testing of Biodiesel (B100) and Diesel-Fueled Vehicles: Part 3—Wear Assessment of Liner and Piston Rings, Engine Deposits, and Operational Issues
Authors: Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Agarwal Deepak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the use of biodiesel (B100) and baseline mineral diesel in two identical unmodified vehicles to realistically assess different aspects of biodiesel’s compatibility and durability issues with modern common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine-powered vehicles. Two identical vehicles were operated for 30,000 km under identical operating conditions during a field-trial using biodiesel (B100) and mineral diesel. Exhaustive experimental results from this series of tests are divided into four sections, and this is the third paper of this series of four papers, which covers comparative feasibility and wear analyses, underlining the effect of long-term use of biodiesel on wear of cylinder liner and piston rings compared to baseline mineral diesel-fueled vehicle. Surface microstructures at three locations of the cylinder liner were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Wear was found to be relatively lower at all locations of liners from biodiesel-fueled vehicle compared to diesel-fueled vehicle. Surface roughness of cylinder liners measured at different locations showed that it reduced by ∼30–40% at top dead center (TDC), ∼10–20% at mid-stroke, and ∼20–30% at bottom dead center (BDC) for both vehicles, showing higher wear close to TDC compared to mid-stroke and BDC locations. Loss of piston-ring weight was significantly lower for biodiesel-fueled vehicle. Engine tear-down observations and carbon deposits on various engine components were recorded after the conclusion of the field trials. During these field-trials, engine durability-related issues such as fuel-filter plugging, injector coking, piston-ring sticking, carbon deposits in the combustion chamber, and contamination of lubricating oils were found to be relatively lower in biodiesel-fueled vehicle. Overall, no noticeable durability issues were recorded because of the use of biodiesel in CRDI engine-powered vehicle.
Investigation on Thermal Runaway of Li-Ion Cells Based on LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2
Authors: Xie Xiaoyi , Ren Dongsheng , Wang Li , Feng Xuning , He Xiangming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The thermal runaway behavior of lithium-ion cells plays a crucial role in the safety management of the powertrain in electric vehicles. In this study, the effect of states of charge (SOC) on the thermal runaway behavior of commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC)-based pouch cells is investigated using accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) and ex-situ X-ray diffraction. By studying the differences in the onset temperature of self-heating (T1) and the onset temperature of thermal runaway (T2) along with the mass loss between the different SOCs, we observed that higher SOC led to a decrease in the T2. However, T1 initially increased and then decreased with increasing SOC. These trends were attributed to the phase change of cathode material and separator. The ARC results also indicated the occurrence of endothermic reactions during the self-heating accumulation period. The findings in this study are helpful for thermal safety management of battery powertrain for electric vehicles.
Efficacy of brief intervention for drug misuse in primary care facilities: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Sahker Ethan , Sakata Masatsugu , Toyomoto Rie , Hwang Chiyoung , Yoshida Kazufumi , Luo Yan , Watanabe Norio , Furukawa Toshi A 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionDrug misuse is associated with significant global morbidity, mortality, economic costs and social costs. Many primary care facilities have integrated drug misuse screening and brief intervention (BI) into their usual care delivery. However, the efficacy of BI for drug misuse in primary care has not been substantiated through meta-analysis. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the efficacy of BI for drug misuse in primary care settings.Methods and analysisWe will include all randomised controlled trials comparing primary care-delivered BI for drug misuse with no intervention or minimal screening/assessment and usual care. Primary outcomes are (1) drug use frequency scores and (2) severity scores at intermediate follow-up (4–8 months). We will retrieve all studies through searches in CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO until 31 May 2020. The reference list will be supplemented with searches in trial registries (eg, www.clinicaltrials.gov) and through relevant existing study reference lists identified in the literature. We will conduct a random-effect pairwise meta-analysis for primary and secondary outcomes. We will assess statistical heterogeneity though visual inspection of a forest plot and calculate I2 statistics. We will assess risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool V.2 and evaluate the certainty of evidence through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Sensitivity analyses will account for studies with control group variations and studies with a high risk of bias. If heterogeneity is present, subgroup analyses will consider patient variables of age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, per cent insured, baseline severity and primary drug misused.Ethics and disseminationThis study will use published aggregate data and will not require ethical approval. Findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction is associated with poor functional outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Tan Benjamin Y Q , Leow Aloysius ST , Lee Tsong-Hai , Gontu Vamsi Krishna , Andersson Tommy , Holmin Staffan , Wong Ho-Fai , Lin Chuan-Min , Cheng Chih-Kuang , Sia Ching-Hui , Ngiam Nicholas , Ng Zhi-Xuan , Yeo Joshua , Chan Bernard , Teoh Hock-Luen , Seet Raymond , Paliwal Prakash , Anil Gopinathan , Yang Cunli , Maus Volker , Abdullayev Nuran , Mpotsaris Anastasios , Bhogal Pervinder , Wong Ken , Makalanda Hegoda Levansri Dilrukshan , Spooner Oliver , Amlani Sageet , Campbell Daniel , Michael Robert , Quäschling Ulf , Schob Stefan , Maybaum Jens , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Yeo Leonard LL 
Published: September 2020

Background
Endovascular thrombectomy (ET) has transformed acute ischemic stroke (AIS) therapy in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) decreases global cerebral blood flow and predisposes to hypoperfusion. We evaluated the relationship between LVSD, as measured by LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and clinical outcomes in patients with anterior cerebral circulation LVO who underwent ET.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study examined anterior circulation LVO AIS patients from six international stroke centers. LVSD was measured by assessment of the echocardiographic LVEF using Simpson’s biplane method of discs according to international guidelines. LVSD was defined as LVEF <50%. The primary outcome was defined as a good functional outcome using a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–2 at 3 months.

Results
We included 440 AIS patients with LVO who underwent ET. On multivariate analyses, pre-existing diabetes mellitus (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.39;p=0.005), unsuccessful reperfusion (Treatment in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) grade 0-2a) status (OR 4.21, 95% CI 2.04 to 8.66; p<0.001) and LVSD (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.68; p=0.011) were independent predictors of poor functional outcomes at 3 months. On ordinal (shift) analyses, LVSD was associated with an unfavorable shift in the mRS outcomes (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.53; p<0.001) after adjusting for age and ischemic heart disease.

Conclusion
Anterior circulation LVO AIS patients with LVSD have poorer outcomes after ET, suggesting the need to consider cardiac factors for ET, the degree of monitoring and prognostication post-procedure.
Reflections on the contributions of Populus research at Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Isebrands J.G. , Zalesny R.S. 
Published: September 2020

The United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service established three regional Institutes of Forest Genetics in the United States in the 1950s to improve trees for reforestation and improve the management of forests. The institute in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, started in 1956 as part of the Lake States Forest Experiment Station. Since that time, the “Rhinelander Lab” has undergone changes in research priorities, organizational changes, and name changes while becoming an international center of forest scientific excellence. Many of the researchers’ key findings over the years were published in the Canadian Journal of Forest Research. In this paper, for the 50th anniversary edition of the Journal, we reflect upon one part of those accomplishments: the history of the contributions of Populus L. research at Rhinelander. We discuss major research programs and the scientists conducting this work, including (i) physiology of wood formation, (ii) short rotation intensive culture and short rotation woody crops, (iii) intensively cultured plantations, (iv) physiology and utilization of short rotation poplar yields, (v) breeding and selection, (vi) biotechnology and molecular genetics, (vii) atmospheric pollution and climate change, (viii) phytotechnologies, and (ix) ecosystem services. Also, we describe four major international conferences held in Rhinelander and (or) hosted by Rhinelander researchers.
Sildenafil Potentiates the Therapeutic Efficacy of Docetaxel in Advanced Prostate Cancer by Stimulating NO-cGMP Signaling
Authors: Muniyan Sakthivel , Rachagani Satyanarayana , Parte Seema , Halder Sushanta , Seshacharyulu Parthasarathy , Kshirsagar Prakash , Siddiqui Jawed A. , Vengoji Raghupathy , Rauth Sanchita , Islam Ridwan , Mallya Kavita , Datta Kaustubh , Xi Lei , Das Anindita , Teply Benjamin A. , Kukreja Rakesh C. , Batra Surinder K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Docetaxel plays an indispensable role in the management of advanced prostate cancer. However, more than half of patients do not respond to docetaxel, and those good responders frequently experience significant cumulative toxicity, which limits its dose duration and intensity. Hence, a second agent that could increase the initial efficacy of docetaxel and maintain tolerability at biologically effective doses may improve outcomes for patients.

Experimental Design:
We determined phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) expression levels in human and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) prostate tissues and tumor-derived cell lines. Furthermore, we investigated the therapeutic benefits and underlying mechanism of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil in combination with docetaxel using in vitro, Pten conditional knockout (cKO), derived tumoroid and xenograft prostate cancer models.

Results:
PDE5 expression was higher in both human and mouse prostate tumors and cancer cell lines compared with normal tissues/cells. In GEM prostate-derived cell lines, PDE5 expression increased from normal prostate (wild-type) epithelial cells to androgen-dependent and castrated prostate-derived cell lines. The addition of physiologically achievable concentrations of sildenafil enhanced docetaxel-induced prostate cancer cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in vitro, reduced murine 3D tumoroid growth, and in vivo tumorigenicity as compared with docetaxel alone. Furthermore, sildenafil enhanced docetaxel-induced NO and cGMP levels thereby augmenting antitumor activity.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that sildenafil's addition could sensitize docetaxel chemotherapy in prostate cancer cells at much lesser concentration than needed for inducing cell death. Thus, the combinatorial treatment of sildenafil and docetaxel may improve anticancer efficacy and reduce chemotherapy-induced side-effects among patients with advanced prostate cancer.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ НАВЧАННЯ В УМОВАХ ЗАГАЛЬНОНАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО КАРАНТИНУ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ДОСВІДУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ
Authors: Kotvitska A. A. , Ovakimian O. S. , Volkova A. V. 
Published: August 2020

Мета роботи. Представлення досвіду впровадження та реалізації дистанційного навчання здобувачів вищої освіти в умовах загальнонаціонального карантину, зокрема, у Національному фармацевтичному університеті.
Матеріали і методи. Аналіз проведено на основі результатів соціологічного дослідження «Особливості впровадження дистанційного навчання в умовах загальнонаціонального карантину». Отримані дані представлено з використанням методів узагальнення, систематизації, одновимірних та багатовимірних статистик, графічного та порівняльного аналізу. Використано метод інформаційного пошуку, on-line анкетування.
Результати й обговорення. Встановлено, що впровадження та реалізація дистанційного навчання в умовах загальнонаціонального карантину в університеті має певні особливості. Науково-педагогічна спільнота університету спрямувала зусилля задля забезпечення ефективного дистанційного навчання майбутніх фахівців. Результати соціологічного опитування викладачів університету свідчать про наявність позитивних тенденцій щодо ефективності роботи на відстані. Попри те, що бажання навчатися дистанційно відчувається у студентів не повною мірою, результати самооцінки викладачів свідчать про високий рівень власної вмотивованості та готовності до організації дистанційного навчання в університеті. Для організації навчання використано можливості платформи Moodle, сайту pharmel.kharkiv.edu, сучасних інформаційних Інтернет потужностей. Здобувачам освіти запропоновано різні форми навчальної роботи, а саме: роботу під час організації on-line лекцій, самостійне опрацювання лекцій з дистанційним доступом, самостійне виконання завдань, розрахункових та ситуаційних задач, кейсів, підготовку рефератів, організовано моніторинг знань студентів у формі тестування на сайті tests.nuph.edu.ua, використано технологію «розбір типових помилок», організовано проведення групових та індивідуальних on-line консультацій. Проблеми початкового етапу впровадження масового дистанційного навчання попри достатньо високий рівень володіння викладачами навичками розробки дистанційних курсів, переважно мали організаційний та технічний характер.
Висновки. Аналіз особливостей впровадження масового дистанційного навчання у Національному фармацевтичному університеті в умовах загальнонаціонального карантину показав, що задля збереження високих показників його результативності подальші зусилля науково-педагогічної спільноти університету повинні бути спрямовані на коригування навчальної роботи з іноземними студентами; підвищення рівня володіння дистанційними технологіями; змістовного наповнення навчальних курсів, які раніше не передбачали дистанційного супроводження та підвищення мотивації здобувачів вищої освіти щодо дистанційного навчання.
ВИБІР ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕЧОВИН З МЕТОЮ ОТРИМАННЯ СУБЛІНГВАЛЬНИХ ТАБЛЕТОК ГЛІЦИНУ З ТІОТРИАЗОЛІНОМ МЕТОДОМ ПРЯМОГО ПРЕСУВАННЯ Повідомлення 2. Вивчення пливу допоміжних речовин на фармако-технологічні характеристики таблеток
Authors: Kucherenko L. I. , Khromylova O. V. , Nimenko H. R. , Cherkovs’ka L. Н. 
Published: August 2020

Мета роботи: вибір допоміжних речовин (ДР) для отримання сублінгвальних таблеток гліцину з тіотриазоліном методом прямого пресування, вивчення їхнього впливу на процес пресування, зовнішній вигляд, однорідність маси, стираність, стійкість до роздавлювання, розпадання та органолептичний показник таблеток.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідженнях використовували: гліцин (Shiiiazhuana lirona Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Китай), тіотриазолін (Державне підприємство "Завод хімічних реактивів" Науково-технологічного комплексу "Інститут монокристалів" НАН України), сертифіковані ДР вітчизняного і закордонного виробництва.
Таблетки гліцину з тіотриазоліном готували методом прямого пресування. Пресували таблетки за допомогою лабораторного настільного таблеткового пресу 6000S (Білорусь) з діаметром пуансонів 10 мм.
Результати і обговорення. Для вивчення чотирьох якісних факторів використовували греко-латинський квадрат 4х4. Вивчали зовнішній вигляд, однорідність маси, стійкість таблеток гліцину з тіотриазоліном до роздавлювання, стираність (PHARMA TEST AG Siemensstrasse 5 D-63512 Hainburg), розпадання таблеток (ERWEKA ZTx20), органолептичний показник (солодкість-гіркість). За результатами досліджень проводили дисперсійний аналіз отриманих даних та робили висновки про вплив вивчених факторів на показники якості таблеток гліцину з тіотриазоліном.
Висновки. В результаті проведених досліджень було вивчено вплив чотирьох груп ДР на процес пресування, зовнішній вигляд, стираність, стійкість до роздавлювання, розпадання, органолептичний показник (солодкість-гіркість) характеристики сублінгвальних таблеток гліцину з тіотриазоліном, які були отриманні методом прямого пресування. Дисперсійний аналіз результатів дозволив вибрати кращі ДР, які забезпечують всі фармако-технологічні вимоги, які висуваються ДФУ до таблеток як лікарської форми.
Associations Between Plasma Ceramides and Cerebral Microbleeds or Lacunes
Authors: Ighodaro Eseosa T. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Syrjanen Jeremy A. , Bui Hai H. , Petersen Ronald C. , Knopman David S. , Jack Clifford R. , Zuk Samantha M. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Mielke Michelle M. 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
High plasma ceramide levels and ratios are associated with poor outcomes in individuals with cardiovascular disease; less is known about their relation to cerebral small vessel disease. We examined whether high plasma ceramide levels or ratios were associated with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and lacunes and whether associations differ by sex.

Approach and Results:

We included 548 participants enrolled in the MCSA (Mayo Clinic Study of Aging) with concurrent plasma ceramide assays and magnetic resonance imaging. CMBs were quantified on T2* magnetic resonance imaging and lacunes on T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging. Fasting plasma ceramides were assayed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus to examine the relationship between ceramides and presence of a lacune; hurdle models were used for presence and number of CMBs. Each SD increase in the log ceramide C16:0/24:0 ratio was associated with greater odds of a CMB (odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.01–1.64]). There was an interaction between sex and the ceramide C16:0/24:0 ratio (
P
=0.049). The association between this ratio and presence of a CMB was stronger for women (odds ratio, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.20–3.00]) than men (odds ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.80–1.46]). Several ceramides and all ceramide ratios were associated with number of CMBs. We did not find associations between plasma ceramides and lacunes.

Conclusions:
In a population-based sample, the plasma ceramide C16:0/24:0 ratio was associated with CMBs and was stronger for women. Plasma ceramides are differentially associated with cerebral small vessel pathologies.
HeterozygousABCG5Gene Deficiency and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Nomura Akihiro , Emdin Connor A. , Won Hong Hee , Peloso Gina M. , Natarajan Pradeep , Ardissino Diego , Danesh John , Schunkert Heribert , Correa Adolfo , Bown Matthew J. , Samani Nilesh J. , Erdmann Jeanette , McPherson Ruth , Watkins Hugh , Saleheen Danish , Elosua Roberto , Kawashiri Masa-aki , Tada Hayato , Gupta Namrata , Shah Svati H. , Rader Daniel J. , Gabriel Stacey , Khera Amit V. , Kathiresan Sekar 
Published: August 2020

Background:Familial sitosterolemia is a rare Mendelian disorder characterized by hyperabsorption and decreased biliary excretion of dietary sterols. Affected individuals typically have complete genetic deficiency—homozygous loss-of-function (LoF) variants—in theABCG5orABCG8genes and have substantially elevated plasma sitosterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The impact of partial genetic deficiency ofABCG5orABCG8—as occurs in heterozygous carriers of LoF variants—on LDL-C and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has remained uncertain.Methods:We first recruited 9 sitosterolemia families, identified causative LoF variants inABCG5orABCG8, and evaluated the associations of theseABCG5orABCG8LoF variants with plasma phytosterols and lipid levels. We next assessed for LoF variants inABCG5orABCG8in CAD cases (n=29 321) versus controls (n=357 326). We tested the association of rare LoF variants inABCG5orABCG8with blood lipids and risk for CAD. Rare LoF variants were defined as protein-truncating variants with minor allele frequency <0.1% inABCG5orABCG8.Results:In sitosterolemia families, 7 pedigrees harbored causative LoF variants inABCG5and 2 pedigrees inABCG8. Homozygous LoF variants in eitherABCG5orABCG8led to marked elevations in sitosterol and LDL-C. Of those sitosterolemia families, heterozygous carriers ofABCG5LoF variants exhibited increased sitosterol and LDL-C levels compared with noncarriers. Within large-scale CAD case-control cohorts, prevalence of rare LoF variants inABCG5and inABCG8was ≈0.1% each.ABCG5heterozygous LoF variant carriers had significantly elevated LDL-C levels (25 mg/dL [95% CI, 14–35];P=1.1×10−6) and were at 2-fold increased risk of CAD (odds ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.27–3.35];P=0.004). By contrast,ABCG8heterozygous LoF carrier status was not associated with increased LDL-C or risk of CAD.Conclusions:Although familial sitosterolemia is traditionally considered as a recessive disorder, we observed that heterozygous carriers of an LoF variant inABCG5had significantly increased sitosterol and LDL-C levels and a 2-fold increase in risk of CAD.