bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genetic algorithm for finding realistic sea routes considering the weather
Authors: Kuhlemann Stefan , Tierney Kevin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe weather has a major impact on the profitability, safety, and environmental sustainability of the routes sailed by seagoing vessels. The prevailing weather strongly influences the course of routes, affecting not only the safety of the crew, but also the fuel consumption and therefore the emissions of the vessel. Effective decision support is required to plan the route and the speed of the vessel considering the forecasted weather. We implement a genetic algorithm to minimize the fuel consumption of a vessel taking into account the two most important influences of weather on a ship: the wind and the waves. Our approach assists route planners in finding cost minimal routes that consider the weather, avoid specified areas, and meet arrival time constraints. Furthermore, it supports ship speed control to avoid areas with weather conditions that would result in high fuel costs or risk the safety of the vessel. The algorithm is evaluated for a variety of instances to show the impact of weather routing on the routes and the fuel and travel time savings that can be achieved with our approach. Including weather into the routing leads to a savings potential of over 10% of the fuel consumption. We show that ignoring the weather when constructing routes can lead to routes that cannot be sailed in practice. Furthermore, we evaluate our algorithm with stochastic weather data to show that it can provide high-quality routes under real conditions even with uncertain weather forecasts.
Asymmetric Responses to Climate Change: Temperature Differentially Alters Herbivore Salivary Elicitor and Host Plant Responses to Herbivory
Authors: Paudel Sulav , Lin Po-An , Hoover Kelli , Felton Gary W. , Rajotte Edwin G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effect of temperature on insect-plant interactions in the face of changing climate is complex as the plant, its herbivores and their interactions are usually affected differentially leading to an asymmetry in response. Using experimental warming and a combination of biochemical and herbivory bioassays, the effects of elevated temperatures and herbivore damage (Helicoverpa zea)on resistance and tolerance traits ofSolanum lycopersicumvar. Better boy (tomato), as well as herbivory performance and salivary defense elicitors were examined. Insects and plants were differentially sensitive towards warming within the experimental temperature range. Herbivore growth rate increased with temperature, whereas plants growth as well as the ability to tolerate stress measured by photosynthesis recovery and regrowth ability were compromised at the highest temperature regime. In particular, temperature influenced the caterpillars’ capacity to induce plant defenses due to changes in the amount of a salivary defense elicitor, glucose oxidase (GOX). This was further complexed by the temperature effects on plant inducibility, which was significantly enhanced at an above-optimum temperature; this paralleled with an increased plants resistance to herbivory but significantly varied between previously damaged and undamaged leaves. Elevated temperatures produced asymmetry in species’ responses and changes in the relationship among species, indicating a more complicated response under a climate change scenario.
On the exponential Diophantine equation related to powers of two consecutive terms of Lucas sequences
Authors: Ddamulira Mahadi , Luca Florian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLet $$r\ge 1$$

r
≥
1

be an integer and $$\mathbf{U}:=(U_{n})_{n\ge 0} $$

U
:
=

(

U
n

)

n
≥
0

be the Lucas sequence given by $$U_0=0$$

U
0

=
0

, $$U_1=1, $$

U
1

=
1
,

and $$U_{n+2}=rU_{n+1}+U_n$$

U

n
+
2

=
r

U

n
+
1

+

U
n

, for all $$ n\ge 0 $$

n
≥
0

. In this paper, we show that there are no positive integers $$r\ge 3,~x\ne 2,~n\ge 1$$

r
≥
3
,

x
≠
2
,

n
≥
1

such that $$U_n^x+U_{n+1}^x$$

U
n
x

+

U

n
+
1

x

is a member of $$\mathbf{U}$$
U
.
On the Degree of Irreversibility of Friction in Sheared Soft Adhesive Contacts
Authors: Ciavarella M. , Papangelo A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA number of authors have experimentally assessed the influence of friction on adhesive contacts, and generally the contact area has been found to decrease due to tangential shear stresses at the interface. The decrease is however generally much smaller than that predicted already by the Savkoor and Briggs 1977 classical theory using “brittle” fracture mechanics mixed mode model extending the JKR (Griffith like) solution to the contact problem. The Savkoor and Briggs theory has two strong assumptions, namely that (i) shear tractions are also singular at the interface, whereas they have been found to follow a rather constant distribution, and that (ii) no dissipation occurs in the contact. While assumption (ii) has been extensively discussed in the Literature the role of assumption (i) remained unclear. We show that assuming entirely reversible slip at the interface with a constant shear stress fracture mechanics model leads to results almost indistinguishable from the Savkoor and Briggs model (and further in disagreement with experiments), hence it is assumption (ii) that critically affects the results. We analyze a large set of experimental data from Literature and show that the degree of irreversibility of friction can vary by orders of magnitude, despite similar materials and geometries, depending on the velocity at which the tangential load is applied.
Become the best coach you can be: the role of coach training and coaching experience in workplace coaching quality and quality control
Authors: Diller Sandra J. , Passmore Jonathan , Brown Hazel J. , Greif Siegfried , Jonas Eva 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores whether coach training or coaching experience leads to better coaching quality and quality control. In two large studies, both coaches (N1 = 2267) and personnel managers who book coaches for their company (N2 = 754) answered questions about coaching quality and quality control. The results show that more coach training leads to not only a better self-perceived coaching quality (Study 1) but also a better other-perceived coaching-quality (Study 2); moreover, more coach training positively affects quality control. It is remarkable that coaching experience showed no significant relation regarding other-perceived coaching quality and quality control. Study 2 further revealed that references lead to more recommendations but not to a better coaching quality or quality control. Thus, coach training is an essential factor when selecting organizational coaches. Further research is needed to understand the impact of different approaches to coach trainings on coaching outcomes.
Effects of training of shadowing and reading aloud of second language on working memory and neural systems
Authors: Takeuchi Hikaru , Maruyama Tsukasa , Taki Yasuyuki , Motoki Kosuke , Jeong Hyeonjeong , Kotozaki Yuka , Shinada Takamitsu , Nakagawa Seishu , Nouchi Rui , Iizuka Kunio , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Yamamoto Yuki , Hanawa Sugiko , Araki Tsuyoshi , Sakaki Kohei , Sasaki Yukako , Magistro Daniele , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractShadowing and reading aloud both involve multiple complex cognitive processes, and both are considered effective methods for second-language learning. The working memory system, particularly the phonological loop, has been suggested to be involved in shadowing and reading aloud. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 4-week intensive adaptive training including shadowing and reading aloud of second language on working-memory capacity, regional gray matter volume (rGMV), and functional activation related to the n-back working-memory task in young adults. The results showed that compared with the training groups without speaking (listening to compressed speech and active control involving the second language), the training groups with speaking (shadowing and reading aloud) showed a tendency for greater test-retest increases in digit-span scores, and significantly greater test-retest decreases in N-back task reaction time (increase in working memory performance). Imaging analyses revealed compared with the active control group, shadowing group exhibited decreases in rGMV and brain activity during the working memory task (2-back task), in the left cerebellum and reading group exhibited decreases in them in the right anterior insula. These regions are parts of the phonological loop, suggesting the presence of training-induced neural plasticity in these neurocognitive mechanisms.
Tetrabutylphosphonium 4-ethoxyvalerate as a biomass-originated media for homogeneous palladium-catalyzed Hiyama coupling reactions
Authors: Orha László , Papp Ábrahám , Tukacs József M. , Kollár László , Mika László T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe introduction of a biomass-derived ionic liquid into the Hiyama coupling reactions, which has been considered as a powerful tool for the synthesis of symmetrically and non-symmetrically substituted biaryl structures, could further control or even reduce the environmental impact of this transformation. It was shown that tetrabutylphosphonium 4-ethoxyvalerate, a γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquid, can be utilized as an alternative solvent to create carbon–carbon bonds between aryl iodides and functionalized organosilanes in the presence of 1 mol% Pd under typical Hiyama conditions (130 °C, 24 h, tetrabutylammonium fluoride activator). A comparison of different ionic liquids was performed, and the effects of the catalyst precursor and the moisture content of the reaction mixture on the activity of the catalyst system were investigated. The functional group tolerance was also studied, resulting in 15 cross-coupling products (3a–o) with isolated yields of 45–72% and excellent purity (> 98%).
Disrupted food systems in the WHO European region – a threat or opportunity for healthy and sustainable food and nutrition?
Authors: Rippin Holly L. , Wickramasinghe Kremlin , Halloran Afton , Whiting Stephen , Williams Julianne , Hetz Kathrin , Pinedo Adriana , Breda João J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDietary health and sustainability are inextricably linked. Food systems that are not sustainable often fail to provide the amount or types of food needed to ensure population health. The ongoing pandemic threatens to exacerbate malnutrition, and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This paper discusses threats and opportunities for food environments and health status across the WHO European Region in the current context . These opportunities and threats are focused around four key areas: NCDs and health systems; dietary behaviour; food insecurity and vulnerable groups; and food supply mechanisms. Food systems were already under great stress. Now with the pandemic, the challenges to food systems in the WHO European Region have been exacerbated, demanding from all levels of government swift adaptations to manage healthiness, availability, accessibility and affordability of food. Cities and governments in the Region should capitalize on this unique opportunity to ‘build back better’ and make bold and lasting changes to the food system and consequently to the health and wellbeing of people and sustainability of the planet.
COVID-19 and associations with frailty and multimorbidity: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants
Authors: Woolford S. J. , D’Angelo S. , Curtis E. M. , Parsons C. M. , Ward K. A. , Dennison E. M. , Patel H. P. , Cooper C. , Harvey N. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFrailty and multimorbidity have been suggested as risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease.AimsWe investigated, in the UK Biobank, whether frailty and multimorbidity were associated with risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19.Methods502,640 participants aged 40–69 years at baseline (54–79 years at COVID-19 testing) were recruited across UK during 2006–10. A modified assessment of frailty using Fried’s classification was generated from baseline data. COVID-19 test results (England) were available for 16/03/2020–01/06/2020, mostly taken in hospital settings. Logistic regression was used to discern associations between frailty, multimorbidity and COVID-19 diagnoses, after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, ethnicity, education, smoking and number of comorbidity groupings, comparing COVID-19 positive, COVID-19 negative and non-tested groups.Results4510 participants were tested for COVID-19 (positive = 1326, negative = 3184). 497,996 participants were not tested. Compared to the non-tested group, after adjustment, COVID-19 positive participants were more likely to be frail (OR = 1.4 [95%CI = 1.1, 1.8]), report slow walking speed (OR = 1.3 [1.1, 1.6]), report two or more falls in the past year (OR = 1.3 [1.0, 1.5]) and be multimorbid (≥ 4 comorbidity groupings vs 0–1: OR = 1.9 [1.5, 2.3]). However, similar strength of associations were apparent when comparing COVID-19 negative and non-tested groups. However, frailty and multimorbidity were not associated with COVID-19 diagnoses, when comparing COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative participants.Discussion and conclusionsFrailty and multimorbidity do not appear to aid risk stratification, in terms of positive versus negative results of COVID-19 testing. Investigation of the prognostic value of these markers for adverse clinical sequelae following COVID-19 disease is urgently needed.
Intensification of bituminous coal and lignite oxidation by copper-based activating additives
Authors: Larionov K.B. , Mishakov I.V. , Slyusarskiy K.V. , Vedyagin A.A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe oxidation of lignite and bituminous coal samples modified by 5 wt% (in terms of dry salt) addition of copper salts Cu(NO3)2, CuSO4, and Cu(CH3COO)2 was studied. The samples’ reactivity was studied by thermogravimetry within a temperature range of 45–600 °C at a heating rate of 2.5 °C/min in an oxidizing environment. The introduction of activating additives has resulted in a significant decrease in the temperature of intense oxidation onset (ΔTi = 20/94 °C), in a reduction in the sample residence time in the volatile matter release region (Δte = 2/22 min) and the total duration of the coal combustible mass oxidation (Δtf = 8/14 min). The Friedman method was used to calculate the activation energy values for the oxidation process of the modified samples. The maximum change in activation energy values was observed for the bituminous coal sample. The possible mechanism behind the action of the copper-salt additives, which activate the oxidation of lignite and bituminous coal, is discussed. According to the data of mass spectrometric analysis, the concentration of NOx in the reaction products decreases as the temperature of the activated oxidation process is shifted towards the low-temperature region.
New approach of friction AlN ceramics metallization with the initial FEM verification
Authors: Cacko Robert , Chmielewski Tomasz , Hudycz Michał , Golański Dariusz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Although, the friction method is well known for metals surface modification, the novelty of the article is based on the new idea of ceramics surface treatment with metal. The paper describes AlN ceramic metallization process by titanium coating deposition, obtained in friction surfacing method, which has been developed by the authors. The friction energy is directly transformed into heat and delivered in a specified amount precisely to the joint being formed between the metallic layer and the ceramics substrate material. The stress and temperature fields (as factors promoting the formation of diffusion joints) induced in the joint during the metallization process were qualitatively determined with the finite element method analysis and these results were verified experimentally. Finally, obtained structures of the metallic coatings were investigated and the results are discussed in the paper. As a novelty it was found, that the conditions of frictional metallization can favour the formation of a coating-substrate bond based on diffusion phenomena and atomic bonds of the coating components with the components of the substrate, despite the fact that it happens for metal–ceramics pairs. This type of connection is usually associated with long-term heating/annealing in chamber furnaces, because for diffusion in a solid state the most effective factor is time and temperature. It was shown that other components of the chemical potential gradient, such as temperature gradient, gradient and stress level, load periodicity and configuration of pairs of elements with high chemical affinity may play an important role in friction metallization. As a result, the relatively short time of operation (friction) is compensated.
Can High Visceral Adiposity Index Be a Risk Factor for Sexual Dysfunction in Sexually Active Men?
Authors: Bolat Mustafa Suat , Kocamanoglu Fatih , Ozbek Mustafa Latif , Buyukalpelli Recep , Asci Ramazan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
To our knowledge, there is no study in the literature that has investigated a cutoff value of the visceral adiposity index (VAI) for erectile dysfunction (ED) in men.

Aim
To show a possible relationship between ED and VAI levels representing adipose tissue dysfunction and to identify a cutoff value of the VAI for ED.

Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study included 276 participants in 5 groups: non-ED, mild ED, mild-moderate ED, moderate ED, and severe ED. The VAI was calculated. Fasting glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, testosterone (T), prolactin, and estradiol were measured. Erectile function, sexual satisfaction, orgasm, desire, and general satisfaction scores were recorded using the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction 1–15 questionnaire. The participants were divided into BMI1 (&lt;25.0), BMI2 (25–29.9), and BMI3 (&gt;30.0) categories based on body mass index (BMI) and WC1 (&lt;94 cm), WC2 (94–102 cm), and WC3 (&gt;102 cm) categories based on waist circumference (WC).

Outcomes
The VAI was investigated as an independent risk factor for ED, compared with BMI and WC.

Results
The median VAI progressively increased, but a marked increase was recorded in groups 4 and 5 (P = .001). A significant increase in ED was observed for a VAI score higher than 4.33 (P = .001). Each integer increase of the VAI was associated with a 1.3-fold increased risk of ED. The odds ratio of ED for the VAI = 4.33 was 4.4 (P &lt; .001). The WC and BMI significantly increased as the degree of ED increased (P = .001), but statistical analysis showed a significant decrease only in moderate and severe ED groups (P &lt; .05). Starting from non-ED patients, serum triglyceride increased and high-density lipoprotein decreased progressively in all ED groups (P = .001). T/E2 slightly reduced as the severity of ED increased (P &gt; .05). T decreased in ED groups (P = .022). Regardless of the ED level, other sexual subdomains decreased in ED patients (P = .001). The ED rates in 3 increasing BMI and WC categories were similar (P &gt; .05). For VAI = 4.33, BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, and WC &gt; 102 cm, sensitivity and specificity were 61.2% and 73.8%, 31.6% and 90.5%, and 54.3% and 69.0%, respectively.

Clinical Implications
The VAI should be considered as a reliable independent risk factor for ED as a predictor of visceral adipose dysfunction.

Strengths & Limitations
The main strength is that this is the first study to investigate the association between the VAI and sexual dysfunction in men. The low number of participants is the limiting factor.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that the VAI can be used as a reliable independent risk factor marker for ED as a predictor of visceral adipose dysfunction.
La mondialisation de la Révolution française (vers 1930-1960): Origines et éclipse d’un paradigme historiographique
Authors: Stammers Tom 
Published: July 2020

RésumésCet article entend proposer une nouvelle lecture des origines de l’historiographie mondiale de la Révolution française. De fait, alors que la thèse de Robert Palmer et de Jacques Godechot situe la « révolution transatlantique » dans les années 1950, ce changement de paradigme fut en réalité préparé par les débats qui avaient animé la France de l’entre-deux-guerres. Les historiens français ont commencé à prendre ce « tournant global » en 1936, l’année de la création de l’Institut international d’histoire de la Révolution française (Iihrf). L’objectif de ses membres fondateurs, Philippe Sagnac et Boris Mirkine-Guetzévitch, était de faire de l’historiographie de 1789 un instrument qui permette de développer les relations internationales dans une période de grande fragilité diplomatique. L’Iihrfjoua un rôle de précurseur dans l’étude de la Révolution en vertu de sa dimension interdisciplinaire et de l’étendue géographique et chronologique de ses travaux. Cela dit, l’Institut demeurait profondément lié aux intérêts géopolitiques français et à l’idée d’une supériorité culturelle, elle-même indissociable du concept de « civilisation ». Fermé à cause de l’Occupation, l’Iihrfdéménagea à New York, inaugurant un chapitre particulièrement remarquable des échanges intellectuels franco-américains. Après la guerre, non seulement l’institution n’avait plus de raison d’être diplomatique, mais son projet intellectuel fut très vite éclipsé par le défi de la décolonisation et par la montée en force de nouvelles approches de l’histoire mondiale. L’évolution et la disparition finale de l’Iihrfsoulèvent des questions intéressantes sur trois points, qui traverseront de part en part cet article : le sens de 1789 en tant que repère politique ; les différentes méthodologies des histoires « internationale », « mondiale » et « atlantique » ; la reconfiguration des paradigmes de la recherche historique à l’aube de la guerre froide.
Production ofin vitrobovine embryos supplemented withl-carnitine in different oxygen tensions and the relation to nitric oxide
Authors: Pereira Daniela Moraes , Cardoso Christopher Junior Tavares , da Silva Wilian Aparecido Leite , Souza-Cáceres Mirela Brochado , Santos Mariana , Pöhland Ralf , Couto Allan Motta , Moslaves Iluska Senna Bonfá , Kadri Mônica Cristina Toffoli , Melo Sterza Fabiana de Andrade 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the production of bovine embryosin vitrowhen supplemented withl-carnitine for 24 h beginning on day 5 (d 5) under two different oxygen tensions (20% or 5%) and the relationship of nitric oxide (NO) inin vitroculture (IVC) medium to embryo development. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC;n= 837) were maturedin vitrofor 24 h and fertilization was performed for 18 h. Zygotes were culturedin vitrofor 9 days afterin vitrofertilization in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) medium with 5% fetal calf serum. At d 5 the plates were assigned to one of four treatment groups: high (20%) or low (5%) O2tension either with or without the addition of 3.03 mMl-carnitine (High-Cont, High-Lcar, Low-Cont, Low-Lcar). The concentration of NO in the culture medium was evaluated on d 5, d 6 and d 9. On d 7, parts of the embryos were submitted for evaluation of intracellular lipid droplets. The cleavage rate was similar (P> 0.05) between high and low O2tension and the blastocyst rate was similar in all conditions evaluated. The hatching rate was higher (P <0.05) for Low-Cont. The NO concentration was higher at d 9 under low O2tension (P <0.1). The addition of 3.03 mMl-carnitine between d 5 and d 6 of IVC was not efficient in reducing cytoplasmic lipid content of bovine embryos. Additionally, IVC at a low oxygen tension withoutl-carnitine promoted better conditions for embryo development. A higher concentration of NO in medium was observed under low O2tension.