bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Lead‐Free Perovskite Single Crystal for High‐Performance Coplanar X‐Ray Imaging Applications
Authors: Liu Yucheng , Zhang Yunxia , Yang Zhou , Cui Jian , Wu Haodi , Ren Xiaodong , Zhao Kui , Feng Jiangshan , Tang Jiang , Xu Zhuo , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLead‐based (Pb) perovskite recently emerged as a promising photoelectric material for direct ionization radiation detection with outstanding performance. Unfortunately, its application is limited due to its toxicity caused by high Pb content, serious ion migration, poor crystallite quality, unsatisfactory reproducibility, high resistivity, and large fluctuation of electronic properties. Herein, a better substitute of lead‐free inch‐sized (34.3 mm × 34.3 mm × 13.1 mm) high‐quality halide (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 single crystal (MA3Bi2I9 SC) is presented with higher resistivity, lower ion migration, and better stability. The coplanar detector fabricated using the MA3Bi2I9 SC shows low dark noise current and outstanding X‐ray response including a high sensitivity of 872 μC Gy−1 cm−2, short response time of 266 μs, low detection limit of 31 nGy s−1, good spatial resolution of 4.22 lp mm−1, long‐term working stability, and excellent uniformity. Thanks to these excellent properties, the coplanar MA3Bi2I9 SC X‐ray detector array shows high‐resolution X‐ray imaging. The present report may inspire development of next‐generation high‐energy radiation detection and imaging using lead‐free perovskite single crystals.
A Simulation Model for Narrow Band Gap Ferroelectric Materials
Authors: Ducharne Benjamin , Juuti Jari , Bai Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVarious ferroelectric simulation models have been developed in recent decades in order to study the mechanisms and predict the behaviors of ferroelectrics by simulating their hysteresis loops. Conventional ferroelectrics have wide optical band gaps (>2.7 eV), making them difficult to respond to visible light. Although their ferroelectricity can be affected by higher‐energy radiation like ultraviolet, little attention is paid to the development of their models incorporating light‐dependent factors. However, in recent years, narrow band gap (<2.5 eV) ferroelectrics have been discovered and are increasingly researched. These special ferroelectrics effectively absorb visible light and hence exhibit strongly light‐dependent ferroelectricity, triggering potentially a broad range of applications. Therefore, there is a need to develop a model for these ferroelectrics in order to predict their behavior under visible light. Such a model is also needed to improve the understanding of the interaction mechanisms between light and domains. In this paper, a ferroelectric simulation model based on the Jiles–Atherton theory considering light dependence is developed for the first time, and its accuracy is validated by experiments. The model shows an average error of 7.5% on polarization values compared to experimental results and thus can be employed to reliably predict photo‐induced ferroelectricity.
Thoughts on acidification of soils by nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers
Authors: Kissel D. E. , Bock B. R. , Ogles C. Z. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome crops, like blueberries, require a pH of 4 to 5. Irrigation of acid‐loving crops with alkaline water can raise pH and cause micronutrient deficiencies. Diseases like citrus greening (Huanglongbing) are more severe at higher soil pH values. Application of acidifying fertilizers to lower soil pH may therefore benefit crop growth in such instances and release calcium from calcareous soils to remove sodium. Therefore, a good understanding of the processes involved and the amount of acidification from various fertilizer materials is needed. We show with an anion–cation balance of recent plant uptake data that the alkalinity released from plant uptake of nutrients alone gave a value of 2 kg CaCO3 equivalents of alkalinity per kilogram of N uptake, in close agreement with Association of Official Analytical Chemists values of 1.8. We also provide equations and calculations and a summary table that allows a user to compare the acidifying capacity of commonly available N and S fertilizers.
An opinion paper on the maintenance of robustness: Towards a multimodal and intergenerational approach using digital twins
Authors: Vidal Pierre‐Paul , Vienne‐Jumeau Alienor , Moreau Albane , Vidal Catherine , Wang Danping , Audiffren Julien , Bargiotas Ioannis , Barrois Remi , Buffat Stephane , Dubost Clément , Ghidaglia Jean‐Michel , Labourdette Christophe , Mantilla Juan , Oudre Laurent , Quijoux Flavien , Robert Matthieu , Yelnik Alain P. , Ricard Damien , Vayatis Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe increasing number of frail elderly people in our aging society is becoming problematic: about 11% of community‐dwelling older persons are frail and another 42% are pre‐frail. Consequently, a major challenge in the coming years will be to test people over the age of 60 years to detect pre‐frailty at the earliest stage and to return them to robustness using the targeted interventions that are becoming increasingly available. This challenge requires individual longitudinal monitoring (ILM) or follow‐up of community‐dwelling older persons using quantitative approaches. This paper briefly describes an effort to tackle this challenge. Extending the detection of the pre‐frail stages to other population groups is also suggested. Appropriate algorithms have been used to begin the tracing of faint physiological signals in order to detect transitions from robustness to pre‐frailty states and from pre‐frailty to frailty states. It is hoped that these studies will allow older adults to receive preventive treatment at the correct institutions and by the appropriate professionals as early as possible, which will prevent loss of autonomy. Altogether, ILM is conceived as an emerging property of databases (“digital twins”) and not the reverse. Furthermore, ILM should facilitate a coordinated set of actions by the caregivers, which is a complex challenge in itself. This approach should be gradually extended to all ages, because frailty has no age, as is testified by overwork, burnout, and post‐traumatic syndrome.
Paternal origin of Tungusic‐speaking populations: Insights from the updated phylogenetic tree of Y‐chromosome haplogroup C2a‐M86
Authors: Liu Bing‐Li , Ma Peng‐Cheng , Wang Chi‐Zao , Yan Shi , Yao Hong‐Bing , Li Yong‐Lan , Xie Yong‐Mei , Meng Song‐Lin , Sun Jin , Cai Yan‐Huan , Sarengaowa Sarengaowa , Li Hui , Cheng Hui‐Zhen , Wei Lan‐Hai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesHaplogroup C2a‐M48 is the predominant paternal lineage of Tungusic‐speaking populations, one of the largest population groups in Siberia. Up until now, the origins and dispersal of Tungusic‐speaking populations have remained unclear. In this study, the demographic history of Tungusic‐speaking populations was explored using the phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup C2a‐M86, the major subbranch of C2a‐M48.Materials and methodsIn total, 18 newly generated Y chromosome sequences from C2a‐M48 males and 20 previously available Y‐chromosome sequences from this haplogroup were analyzed. A highly revised phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C2a‐M86 with age estimates was reconstructed. Frequencies of this lineage in the literature were collected and a comprehensive analysis of this lineage in 13 022 individuals from 245 populations in Eurasia was performed.ResultsThe distribution map of C2a‐M48 indicated the most probable area of origin and diffusion route of this paternal lineage in North Eurasia. Most C2a‐M86 samples from Tungusic‐speaking populations belonged to the sublineage C2a‐F5484, which emerged about 3300 years ago. We identified six unique sublineages corresponding to the Manchu, Evenks, Evens, Oroqen, and Daurpopulations; these sublineages diverged gradually over the past 1900 years. Notably, we observed a clear north‐south dichotomous structure for sublineages derived from C2a‐F5484, consistent with the internal north‐south divergence of Tungusic languages and ethnic groups.ConclusionsWe identified the important founding paternal haplogroup, C2a‐F5484, for Tungusic‐speaking populations as well as numerous unique subgroups of this haplogroup. We propose that the timeframe for the divergence of C2a‐F5484 corresponds with the early differentiation of ancestral Tungusic‐speaking populations.
Heterozygous missense variant in EIF6 gene: A novel form of Shwachman–Diamond syndrome?
Authors: Koh Ai Ling , Bonnard Carine , Lim Jiin Ying , Liew Woei Kang , Thoon Koh Cheng , Thomas Terrence , Ali Nur Ain Binte , Ng Alvin Yu Jin , Tohari Sumanty , Phua Kong Boo , Venkatesh Byrappa , Reversade Bruno , Jamuar Saumya Shekhar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractShwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare multisystem ribosomal biogenesis disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hematologic abnormalities and bony abnormalities. About 90% of patients have biallelic mutations in SBDS gene. Three additional genes—EFL1, DNAJC21 and SRP54 have been reported in association with a SDS phenotype. However, the cause remains unknown for ~10% of patients. Herein, we report a 6‐year‐old Chinese boy, who presented in the neonatal period with pancytopenia, liver transaminitis with hepatosplenomegaly and developmental delay, and subsequently developed pancreatic insufficiency complicated by malabsorption and poor growth. Exome sequencing identified a novel de novo heterozygous variant in EIF6 (c.182G>T, p.Arg61Leu). EIF6 protein inhibits ribosomal maturation and is removed in the late steps of ribosomal maturation by SBDS and EFL1 protein. Given the interaction of EIF6 with SBDS and EFL1, we postulate heterozygous variants in EIF6 as a novel cause of Shwachman–Diamond‐like phenotype. We compared the phenotype of our patient with those in patients with mutation in SBDS, EFL1, DNAJC21, and SRP54 genes to support this association. Identification of more cases of this novel phenotype would strengthen the association with the genetic etiology.
The association between newborn screening analytes as measured on a second screen and childhood autism in a Texas Medicaid population
Authors: Langlois Peter H. , Canfield Mark A. , Rutenberg Gary W. , Mandell Dorothy J. , Hua Fei , Reilly Brendan , Ruktanonchai Duke J. , Jackson Janice F. , Hunt Patricia , Freedenberg Debra , Lee Rachel , Villanacci John F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAutism (or autism spectrum disorder [ASD]) is an often disabling childhood neurologic condition of mostly unknown cause. We previously explored whether there was an association of ASD with any analyte measured in the first newborn screening blood test. Here we explore the second screen. Our matched case–control study examined data on 3–5 year‐old patients with any ASD diagnosis in the Texas Medicaid system in 2010–2012. Subjects were linked to their 2007–2009 newborn screening blood test data, which included values for 36 analytes or analyte ratios. Data were available for 3,005 cases and 6,212 controls. The most compelling associations were evident for fatty acid oxidation analytes octanoylcarnitine (C8) and octanoylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine (C8/C2). Their adjusted odds ratios comparing 10th versus first analyte deciles were between 1.42 and 1.54 in total births, term births, and males. C8 was consistent with first screen results. Adipylcarnitine (C6DC), an organic acid analyte, showed opposite results in the two screens. Several other analytes exhibiting significant associations in the first screen did not in the second. Our results provide evidence that abnormal newborn blood levels of some carnitines may be associated with risk of later ASD, possibly related to their involvement with mitochondrial function in the developing brain.
Ontogenetic changes in femoral cross‐sectional geometry during childhood locomotor development
Authors: Swan Karen R. , Ives Rachel , Wilson Laura A. B. , Humphrey Louise T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe femur is a major weight‐bearing bone that is variably loaded throughout growth as children transition through locomotory states prior to the attainment of a mature bipedal gait. Here, we document ontogenetic trends in femoral cross‐sectional geometry (CSG) and explore how changes in loading regime may impact the structural arrangement of cortical bone along the length of the developing diaphysis.Materials and methodsMicro‐CT scans of 110 immature femora were generated from a documented archaeological sample ranging in age from birth to 8.5 years old. CSG properties indicative of relative bone strength and bending rigidity were analyzed from cross‐sections extracted at 35%, 50% and 65% of total intermetaphyseal length.ResultsInfants experience a marked redistribution of cortical bone between birth and 7 months facilitating a more advantageous mechanical structure for early load bearing behaviors as bone is displaced further from the section centroid. Early walkers are characterized by a mediolaterally reinforced cross‐section that becomes more circular as gait continues to develop.DiscussionDuring ontogeny the femur undergoes distinct morphological phases, which correspond with changes in loading regime. This study illustrates the importance of loading conditions in shaping immature bone morphology. Nonmechanical factors such as changes in hormonal environmental can also impact on this dynamic.
Sleep characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in cognitively intact older adults: The CABLE study
Authors: Xu Wei , Tan Lan , Su Bing‐Jie , Yu Huan , Bi Yan‐Lin , Yue Xiao‐Fang , Dong Qiang , Yu Jin‐Tai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study tested the self‐reported sleep characteristics associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in cognitively intact older adults.MethodsThe linear and non‐linear regression analyses were conducted in 736 cognitively normal participants (mean [standard deviation; SD] age, 62.3 [10.5] years, range 40 to 88 years, 59% female) who had measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ) and tTau proteins and sleep characteristics, after adjusting for age, gender, education, apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε4 status, and general cognition.ResultsGreater daytime sleepiness was associated with higher CSF indicators of amyloid deposition in female patients. No significant associations were revealed for CSF tTau proteins after Bonferroni correction. A U‐shaped relationship was revealed for nocturnal sleep habits, such that those with insufficient or excessive nocturnal sleep duration had greater CSF biomarkers of amyloid deposition (the reflection range: bedtime: around 10:00 p.m. and sleep duration: 6.0 to 6.5 hours).DiscussionThese findings consolidated the close relationship between sleep and AD.
Facile Synthesis of Enantiopure Sugar Alcohols: Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Combined
Authors: Wang Jiang , Shao Pan‐Lin , Lin Xin , Ma Baode , Wen Jialin , Zhang Xumu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn unprecedented Ir/f‐amphox‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of racemic 2,3‐syn‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐diones is presented involving dynamic kinetic resolution, which produces (1R,2R,3R,4R)‐tetraols. This protocol constitutes an efficient and straightforward approach to accessing sugar alcohols bearing four contiguous stereocenters. The strategy exhibits various advantages over existing methods, including excellent yields (up to 98 %), exceptional stereoselectivities (up to 99:1 dr, 99.9 % ee), operational simplicity and substrate generality. Moreover, the nature of the reaction was revealed as a stepwise transformation by in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and isolation of intermediates.
Coupling of abrasion attrition theory with mechanical characteristics for particle attrition in a fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Zheng Dan , Huang Ting‐Hong , Yan Jie , Yang Hu , Peng Chuanfeng , Fu Yuhang , Li Bo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe particle attrition could lead to the degradation of industrial product quality and results in a series of environmental problems. However, the influence of material properties on the attrition process of particles has long been ignored by researchers. In this article, the particle attrition characteristics of inorganic materials are investigated in a laboratory‐scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR). This research is focused on the attrition behavior of particle in FBR. On the other hand, the influence of attrition time, circulation flow rate, and attrition propensity on particle attrition is also studied by using the attrition kinetic model. The experiment results of particle size distribution indicate that the particle attrition in the FBR arises from surface abrasion. Meanwhile, it is found that the attrition rate decline slows and approaches a constant value with increasing attrition time. In addition, the attrition rate increases with circulation flow rate and attrition propensity. It can be seen that the attrition process of particle is strongly related to its material physical characteristics and fluidization conditions. However, the widely used Gwyn's model cannot accurately describe these characteristics. In the current study, a new model of abrasion attrition theory coupled with material mechanical characteristics of particle is implemented to describe the attrition process. The model parameters have definite meanings and are highly correlated with the material mechanical properties of particle, and the predictions of this new coupled model are also in better agreement with Gwyn's model.
Flexible and Wearable Power Sources for Next‐Generation Wearable Electronics
Authors: Fan Xiayue , Liu Bin , Ding Jia , Deng Yida , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin , Zhong Cheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPersonal electronic devices are moving toward an era in pursuit of wearability and versatility enabling a wide range of healthcare, entertainment and sports applications. Conventional power source with bulky and rigid structure becomes a bottleneck for the rapid advancements of wearable smart electronics. To meet the requirement of next‐generation wearable electronics, power supplies with high flexibility, bendability, and stretchability have received extensive attention. In this review, requirements of flexible and wearable power sources in terms of the flexible battery configuration design, flexible materials, energy density and other request are highlighted. Several promising power supplies (e. g., metal−sulfur batteries, metal−air batteries, energy storage and conversion integrated devices) for the application of wearables are discussed in detail. Furthermore, discussions are presented on the remaining challenges and some possible research directions to establish a perspective for practical applications of power sources for wearable electronics in the near future.
Sustainable Synthesis of N‐Doped Hollow Porous Carbon Spheres via a Spray‐Drying Method for Lithium‐Sulfur Storage with Ultralong Cycle Life
Authors: Liu Yijian , Guo Hao , Zhang Baohua , Wen Gongyu , Vajtai Robert , Wu Ling , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExploring high‐efficiency, long‐term cycling stability, and cost‐effective cathode materials for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries is hugely desirable and challenging. Herein, we have successfully developed a simple solution‐based spray‐drying method to fabricate nitrogen‐doped hollow porous carbon spheres (N‐HPCS) with biomass lignin as a carbon precursor and cyanuric acid as a N‐dopant and a porogen. The obtained N‐HPCS shows a specific surface area of 446.2 m2 g−1 and high‐level pyrrolic‐N doping of 64.13 %. The N‐HPCS/S cathode has a high initial discharge capacity of 1535.1 and 1104.0 mA h g−1 at 0.1 and 1 C, respectively. In addition, the N‐HPCS/S electrode exhibits outstanding cycle performance after 1000 cycles at 1 C, with a low capacity decay rate of only 0.041 % per cycle, which is superior to most of the recently reported carbon‐based S cathodes. N‐doping causes strong Li2Sx−N chemical adhesion in carbon spheres, effectively suppressing the dissolution and “shuttle effect” of the notorious polysulfide of Li−S batteries, in which pyrrolic‐N plays a leading role in the capture of polysulfides intermediates. This contribution is of great significance to the exploration of many other structure‐property design strategies for ultralong cycle life Li−S energy storage devices.
An “energy‐auxotroph” Escherichia coli provides an in vivo platform for assessing NADH regeneration systems
Authors: Wenk Sebastian , Schann Karin , He Hai , Rainaldi Vittorio , Kim Seohyoung , Lindner Steffen N. , Bar‐Even Arren 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn efficient in vivo regeneration of the primary cellular resources NADH and ATP is vital for optimizing the production of value‐added chemicals and enabling the activity of synthetic pathways. Currently, such regeneration routes are tested and characterized mainly in vitro before being introduced into the cell. However, in vitro measurements could be misleading as they do not reflect enzyme activity under physiological conditions. Here, we construct an in vivo platform to test and compare NADH regeneration systems. By deleting dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli, we abolish the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. When cultivated on acetate, the resulting strain is auxotrophic to NADH and ATP: acetate can be assimilated via the glyoxylate shunt but cannot be oxidized to provide the cell with reducing power and energy. This strain can, therefore, serve to select for and test different NADH regeneration routes. We exemplify this by comparing several NAD‐dependent formate dehydrogenases and methanol dehydrogenases. We identify the most efficient enzyme variants under in vivo conditions and pinpoint optimal feedstock concentrations that maximize NADH biosynthesis while avoiding cellular toxicity. Our strain thus provides a useful platform for comparing and optimizing enzymatic systems for cofactor regeneration under physiological conditions.