bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
pmTR database: population matched (PM) germline allelic variants of T-cell receptor (TR) loci
Authors: Dekker Julian , van Dongen Jacques J.M. , Reinders Marcel J.T. , Khatri Indu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractT-cell receptor (TR) germline alleles are arranged, organized and made available to the research community by the IMGT database. This state-of-the-art database, however, does not provide information regarding population specificity and allelic frequencies of the genes all four humanTRloci (TRA, TRB, TRGandTRD). The specificity of allelic variants to different human populations can, however, be a rich source of information when studying the genetic basis of population-specific immune responses in vaccination and disease. To makeTRgermline alleles available for such population-specific studies, we meticulously identified true germline alleles enriched with completeTRallele sequences and their frequencies across 26 different human populations, profiled by “1,000 Genomes data”. We identified 205TRAV,249TRBV,16TRGVand 5TRDVgermline alleles supported by at least four haplotypes (= minimum of two individuals). The diversity of germline allelic variants in theTRloci is highest in Africans followed by Non-African populations. A majority of the Non-African alleles are specific to the Asian populations, suggesting a diverse profile ofTRgermline alleles in different human populations. Interestingly, the alleles known in the IMGT database are frequent and common across all the superpopulations. We believe that this new set of genuine germlineTRsequences represents a valuable new resource which we have made available through the new population-matchedTR(pmTR) database, accessible viahttps://pmtrig.lumc.nl/.
A Crystallographic Snapshot of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Maturation Process
Authors: Noske G. D. , Nakamura A. M. , Gawriljuk V. O. , Fernandes R. S. , Lima G. M. A. , Rosa H. V. D. , Pereira H. D. , Zeri A. C. M. , Nascimento A.A. F. Z. , Freire M. C. L. C. , Oliva G. , Godoy A. S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. The dimeric form of the viral main protease is responsible for the cleavage of the viral polyprotein in 11 sites, including its own N and C-terminus. Although several mechanisms of self-cleavage had been proposed for SARS-CoV, the lack of structural information for each step is a setback to the understanding of this process. Herein, we used X-ray crystallography to characterize an immature form of the main protease, which revealed major conformational changes in the positioning of domain-three over the active site, hampering the dimerization and diminishing its activity. We propose that this form preludes the cis-cleavage of N-terminal residues within the dimer, leading to the mature active site. Using fragment screening, we probe new cavities in this form which can be used to guide therapeutic development. Furthermore, we characterized a serine site-directed mutant of the main protease bound to its endogenous N and C-terminal residues during the formation of the tetramer. This quaternary form is also present in solution, suggesting a transitional state during the C-terminal trans-cleavage. This data sheds light in the structural modifications of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease during maturation, which can guide the development of new inhibitors targeting its intermediary states.
Bridging polarised Twitter discussions: the interactions of the users in the middle
Authors: Lorentzen David Gunnarsson 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to analyse the interactions of bridging users in Twitter discussions about vaccination.Design/methodology/approachConversational threads were collected through filtering the Twitter stream using keywords and the most active participants in the conversations. Following data collection and anonymisation of tweets and user profiles, a retweet network was created to find users bridging the main clusters. Four conversations were selected, ranging from 456 to 1,983 tweets long, and then analysed through content analysis.FindingsAlthough different opinions met in the discussions, a consensus was rarely built. Many sub-threads involved insults and criticism, and participants seemed not interested in shifting their positions. However, examples of reasoned discussions were also found.Originality/valueThe study analyses conversations on Twitter, which is rarely studied. The focus on the interactions of bridging users adds to the uniqueness of the paper.
Sport consumer flow and shopping well-being in online shopping
Authors: Paek Bomin , Morse Alan , Kim Minjung , Jung Hoyoon 
Published: December 2020

PurposeDue to the increased growth of Internet users, the examination of compelling online shopping behavior has emerged as a vital topic in developing positive consumer behaviors. However, there is a dearth of studies into how consumers of sport merchandise in the online setting spend their time and what types of factors contribute toward their positive shopping experience. To fill this gap, the purpose of this current study is to investigate the impact and complexity of sport commerce websites by providing the precondition of flow (e.g. convenience, content, aesthetics, interactivity and customization), as well as the consequences of flow (e.g. website satisfaction and shopping well-being).Design/methodology/approachThis study examines relationships among perceived website quality, flow, web satisfaction, and shopping well-being by using structural equation modeling. This current study is based on online sport fans who have recent online shopping experiences of licensed sport products (n = 331).FindingsResults of this present study show that flow plays a mediating role between perceived website quality and web satisfaction, which in turn is positively associated with consumers' shopping well-being.Originality/valueThis current study supports a mediating role of flow state in sport consumer perceptions of website quality and satisfaction; it expands existing knowledge through determining the factors that facilitate flow state and website satisfaction in online shopping. This empirical finding offers important implications regarding the function of flow as an essential factor via the optimization of website services and sport consumers' attitudes.
Prevention and response to gender-based violence (GBV) during novel Covid-19 lock-down in Uganda
Authors: Nabukeera Madinah 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the challenges related to fighting gender-based violence (GBV) victims during the lockdown in Uganda and suggest prevention and response to GBV and domestic violence victims and stakeholders amidst the deadly novel coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis was used to collect data to answer the objective of the study. Relevant documents that related to prevention and response to GBV amidst the deadly novel coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic were reviewed i.e. both print ((inter)-national newspapers i.e. monitor and newspaper), electronic (television and radio) and social media (Facebook and Twitter) and presidential addresses on Covid-19.FindingsThe usual mechanisms that victims go through to report are curtailed and the lockdown and quarantine presented the perpetrators the perfect environment to continue disrespecting victims, as everyone was required to respect the stay at home orders, hence it gave fertile ground for isolation and control of the victims.Originality/valueProposing prevention and response to GBV during the coronavirus novel Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Uganda.
Expatriate's engagement and burnout: the role of purpose-oriented leadership and cultural intelligence
Authors: Cavazotte Flavia , Mello Sylvia Freitas , Oliveira Lucia B. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study analyzes the impact of purpose-oriented leadership and leader cultural intelligence on engagement and burnout among expatriates undertaking long-term corporate assignments, grounded on social psychology frameworks on interpersonal bias.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted with corporate expatriates from 21 different nationalities, who work for large multinational companies and were on assignment in 23 distinct countries – including Brazil, China, Japan and the UK Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was used to evaluate the proposed hypotheses.FindingsResults indicate that leader cultural intelligence is associated with lower burnout and higher engagement among expatriates, and that purpose-oriented leadership is associated with higher expatriate engagement but not with lower burnout.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the field by highlighting specific leader attributes that can foster successful expatriation: cultural intelligence and purpose-oriented leadership. The study adds to knowledge on leader–follower relationships amid national and cultural diversity by pointing to actionable leader qualities that can foster expatriate engagement and prevent his/her burnout.
How vigilant leaders prepare for a turbulent future
Authors: Day George S. , Kruse Karissa 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
When the Covid-19 pandemic struck some organizations were more vigilant and better prepared to absorb the shock and are emerging stronger. This article describes the best practices of these vigilant organizations that enabled them to be more adept at anticipating whatever surprises are coming next.

Design/methodology/approach
The article describes the four ways that vigilant firms are distinguished from their under-performing vulnerable rivals.

Findings
Vigilant firms practice: A strong commitment to processes that promote vigilance. 10;9;They invest in foresight activities. They deploy flexible and adaptive strategy-making processes. They coordinate and share information across organizational silos.

Practical implications
Vigilance is rewarded when an organization is able to move faster than rivals once the ambiguities shrouding the weak signals of potential threats or nascent opportunities are clarified.

Originality/value
The practices of the vigilant organizations enable them to be more adept at anticipating whatever surprises are coming next, a crucial capability in the current and post-covid era.
INSURGENT PLANNING IN PANDEMIC TIMES: The Case of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Friendly Abigail 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGiven the growing importance of populism in cities both empirically and in scholarly discourse, planning is increasingly grappling with this ‘unsettling era’, focusing on how to respond to these times. This opening provides an opportunity to re‐engage with the idea of insurgent planning—practices that are counter‐hegemonic, transgressive, and imaginative—within populist contexts. I explore the case of mobilizations by community communicators in Complexo da Maré, a set of favelas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the spread of COVID‐19 in 2020. In contrast to these mobilizations, Brazil's federal right‐wing populist government failed to attend to the needs of favela residents. Through the case of Maré's communicators, I highlight the need for planning to account for the role of insurgent planning as a response to populist contexts in cities of the global South.
Molecular mechanisms of the disturbance caused by malondialdehyde on probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri PL503
Authors: Padilla Patricia , Andrade María J. , Peña Fernando J. , Rodríguez Alicia , Estévez Mario 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis study aimed to provide insight into the molecular and genetic mechanisms implicated in the responses of Lactobacillus reuteri against the oxidative stress induced by malondialdehyde (MDA) by analysing protein oxidation and assessing the uspA and the dhaT genes. Four experimental groups were evaluated depending on the concentration of MDA added in Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth: Control (L. reuteri), 5 µM (L. reuteri + 5 µM MDA), 25 µM (L. reuteri + 25 µM MDA) and 100 µM (L. reuteri + 100 µM MDA). Three replicates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h in microaerophilic conditions and sampled at 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. The upregulation of the uspA gene by L. reuteri indicates the recognition of MDA as a potential DNA‐damaging agent. The dhaT gene, encoding a NADH‐dependent‐oxidoreductase, was also upregulated at the highest MDA concentrations. This gene was proposed to play a role in the antioxidant response of L. reuteri. The incubation of L. reuteri with MDA increased the production of ROS and caused thiol depletion and protein carbonylation. L. reuteri is proposed to detoxify pro‐oxidative species while the underlying mechanism requires further elucidation.
First record of acoustic behaviour in Sulawesi bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinus)
Authors: Bool Ian , Slaymaker Matthew , Magrath Robert D. , Arfian Arthur , Karya Adi , Analuddin Kangkuso , Courtney Jones Stephanie K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPossum acoustic behaviour is complex and varies substantially, with some species having numerous calls used in various contexts, while other species are limited to one known vocalisation or non‐vocal sounds. Here, we report that the first known recording of Sulawesi bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinus, 1824) acoustic behaviour and observations of associated behavioural displays. We observed an animal adopting a raised posture in apparent threat display and audio‐recorded the concurrent short, harsh sounds. The animal produced a ‘chatter’, composed of four notes given at short, regular intervals, followed by a series of ‘clicks’ given at longer and irregular intervals. We describe the frequency and temporal characteristics of these sounds. Clicks were variable in acoustic structure, possibly falling into three subtypes, and some clicks overlapped in acoustic features with individual chatter notes. Click and chatter notes were broadband and non‐tonal, and so appear to be non‐vocal sounds, produced by the mouth or tongue rather than larynx. Our observations and recording of A. ursinus contribute to the natural history of this poorly known and enigmatic species, that is currently threatened with extinction from illegal wildlife trade, hunting and deforestation.
Fertility potential in adult men treated for uncorrected bilateral cryptorchidism: A systematic literature review and analysis of case reports
Authors: Muncey Wade , Dutta Rahul , Terlecki Ryan P. , Woo Lynn L. , Scarberry Kyle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveReports of adult orchidopexy for bilateral undescended testicles (bUDT) are sparse, and fertility outcomes are not well established. Our aim was to determine prognosis for restoration of spermatogenesis among adult men (≥18 years) undergoing orchidopexy for bUDT.MethodsA systematic literature review, conforming to the PRISMA statement, was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through March 2020 using search terms "adult” AND “bilateral orchidopexy" OR "bilateral cryptorchidism.” Relevant referenced articles from non‐indexed journal were identified by Google Scholar search and additionally included.ResultsFifty‐seven publications including adult men with uncorrected bilateral UDTs were identified. Baseline semen analysis was reported in 157 men, all of whom demonstrated azoospermia. Testosterone values were reported in 82 cases and were normal in 89%. Germ cells could not be identified in 72.6% of histologic specimens from 62 testicles. Abdominal testicles more frequently lacked germ cells (90%, p = 0.038) on univariate analysis.Eleven cases identified ejaculated spermatozoa following adult bilateral orchidopexy (8 publications). Sperm extraction (TESE) during orchidopexy or orchiectomy was reported in 13 men without success. Delayed TESE (median 10 months) was performed in 22 persistently azoospermic men with success in 10 (45.5%), none of whom had abdominal testicles prior to orchidopexy. Six men experienced successful paternity via natural conception (3) or assisted reproduction (3).ConclusionFertility is possible in adult men with inguinal bUDT following orchidopexy. Subsequent sperm retrieval may involve ejaculated specimens or delayed TESE. TESE performed prior to or at time of orchidopexy is unlikely to be of benefit.
Use of antibiotics during pregnancy is associated with infection in children at four years of age in Portugal
Authors: Cunha Antonio J. L. A. , Santos Ana Cristina , Medronho Roberto A. , Barros Henrique 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the association between taking antibiotics in pregnancy and the occurrence of infections in children at four years of age.MethodsWe studied children who participated in the follow‐up of the birth cohort Generation XXI, Porto‐Portugal, at the age of four years. We evaluated the associations between the use of antibiotics by the mother at any time in pregnancy with the occurrence of infections. Data were analysed using logistic regression, controlling for potential confounding variables.ResultsWe studied 7459 children (50.7% boys). The use of antibiotics at any stage of pregnancy, and not only in the third trimester, was associated with the occurrence of tonsillitis at four years, even after controlling for potential confounders (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03–1.38). Other infections did not show association.ConclusionMaternal use of antibiotics during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of tonsillitis reported at four years of age. Antibiotics could favour the potential transmission of an unfavourable microbiome from mother to child.
Simultaneous confidence intervals for ranks with application to ranking institutions
Authors: Al Mohamad Diaa , Goeman Jelle J. , van Zwet Erik W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen a ranking of institutions such as medical centers or universities is based on a numerical measure of performance provided with a standard error, confidence intervals (CIs) should be calculated to assess the uncertainty of these ranks. We present a novel method based on Tukey's honest significant difference test to construct simultaneous CIs for the true ranks. When all the true performances are equal, the probability of coverage of our method attains the nominal level. In case the true performance measures have no exact ties, our method is conservative. For this situation, we propose a rescaling method to the nominal level that results in shorter CIs while keeping control of the simultaneous coverage. We also show that a similar rescaling can be applied to correct a recently proposed Monte‐Carlo based method, which is anticonservative. After rescaling, the two methods perform very similarly. However, the rescaling of the Monte‐Carlo based method is computationally much more demanding and becomes infeasible when the number of institutions is larger than 30–50. We discuss another recently proposed method similar to ours based on simultaneous CIs for the true performance. We show that our method provides uniformly shorter CIs for the same confidence level. We illustrate the superiority of our new methods with a data analysis for travel time to work in the United States and on rankings of 64 hospitals in the Netherlands.
Microvesicles in active lupus nephritis show Toll-like receptor 9-dependent co-expression of galectin-3 binding protein and double-stranded DNA
Authors: Rasmussen N S , Nielsen C T , Nielsen C H , Jacobsen S 
Published: December 2020

SummaryCirculating microvesicles (MVs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) express the type 1 interferon (IFN)-inducible protein galectin-3 binding protein (G3BP), which may enhance their deposition in the glomerular basement membrane. The release of G3BP-expressing MVs from normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is induced by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) ligands, and these vesicles contain autoantibody-accessible double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). This study compares the release of MVs expressing G3BP and dsDNA from PBMCs derived from SLE patients with or without active lupus nephritis (LN) and from healthy donors, and taps further into the potential dependency on IFN-α for their generation and impacts of TLR-7/TLR-9 co-stimulation. PBMCs from 10 healthy donors and 12 SLE patients, six of whom had active LN at study inclusion, were stimulated in-vitro with recombinant human IFN-α and the TLR-9 agonists oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)2216 or ODN2395 alone or in combination with the TLR-7 agonist gardiquimod. MVs in the supernatants were subsequently isolated by differential centrifugation and their expression of G3BP and dsDNA was quantified by flow cytometry. Stimulation with ODN2395 significantly increased the release of MVs co-expressing G3BP and dsDNA from PBMCs isolated from healthy donors and SLE patients. The expression of G3BP on individual MVs and the proportion of G3BP and dsDNA double-positive MVs released were increased in active LN patients. Neither co-stimulation with gardiquimod nor with the IFN-α inhibitor IN-1 had any effect on the MV release induced by ODN2395. In conclusion, the TLR-9-mediated inducibility of MVs co-expressing G3BP and dsDNA is increased in SLE patients with active LN.
A model‐based approach to investigating the relationship between glucose‐insulin dynamics and dapagliflozin treatment effect in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shah Millie , Stolbov Leonid , Yakovleva Tatiana , Tang Weifeng , Sokolov Victor , Penland Robert C. , Boulton David , Parkinson Joanna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo develop a quantitative systems pharmacology model to describe the effect of dapagliflozin (a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 [SGLT2] inhibitor) on glucose‐insulin dynamics in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and to identify key determinants of treatment‐mediated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction.Materials and methodsGlycaemic control during dapagliflozin treatment was mechanistically characterized by integrating components representing dapagliflozin pharmacokinetics (PK), glucose‐insulin homeostasis, renal glucose reabsorption, and HbA1c formation. The model was developed using PK variables, glucose, plasma insulin, and urinary glucose excretion (UGE) from a phase IIa dapagliflozin trial in patients with T2DM (NCT00162305). The model was used to predict dapagliflozin‐induced HbA1c reduction; model predictions were compared to actual data from phase III trials (NCT00528879, NCT00683878, NCT00680745 and NCT00673231).ResultsThe integrated glucose‐insulin‐dapagliflozin model successfully described plasma glucose and insulin levels, as well as UGE in response to oral glucose tolerance tests and meal intake. HbA1c reduction was also well predicted. The results show that dapagliflozin‐mediated glycaemic control is anticorrelated to steady‐state insulin concentration and insulin sensitivity.ConclusionsThe developed model framework is the first to integrate SGLT2 inhibitor mechanism of action with both short‐term glucose‐insulin dynamics and long‐term glucose control (HbA1c). The results suggest that dapagliflozin treatment is beneficial in patients with inadequate glycaemic control from insulin alone and this benefit increases as insulin control diminishes.
A 1 g dose of intravenous iron is sufficient to treat iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Karim Syarihan , Butler Jennifer M. , Barclay Murray L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne hundred and ninety‐four patient episodes were audited for response to a standardised 1 g intravenous iron infusion for medical outpatients with iron deficiency anaemia. Patients received either ferric carboxymaltose or iron polymaltose. At 5–7 weeks after infusion, mean increase in Hb was 26.7 g/L and ferritin was 161 mcg/L, and only one patient had Hb <100 g/L. This reassures that 1 g dose of intravenous iron is sufficient for most patients, with benefits for treatment costs and patient convenience.