bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective case series of patients who have undergone coeliac plexus blocks for the purpose of alleviating pain due to intra‐abdominal malignancy
Authors: Dumitrescu Alix , Aggarwal Arun , Chye Richard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoeliac plexus block (CPB) is an interventional pain management option for patients with pancreatic or other upper abdominal malignancy.AimsTo assess the safety, utilization, and outcomes of CPBs in the local context.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a retrospective case series of all patients with cancer who underwent CPB at 4 Sydney teaching hospitals from March 2010 to February 2016. We recorded baseline demographic data, details of the injectate, procedural approach and survival, as well as pain scores and analgesic use at 4 time points of interest. Thirty‐nine procedures were performed during the study period. Twenty‐four were performed endoscopically, 14 were performed via a bilateral percutaneous posterior approach by Pain Specialists or Radiologists and 1 was performed intraoperatively by a Surgeon. Patients had experienced pain for a mean of 17 weeks prior to CPB. Prior to CPB, the mean pain score was 8.8 out of 10. The mean pain score was reduced at 48 hours, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks following CPB (P < .01). The mean oral morphine equivalent daily dose prior to CPB was 362 mg which was reduced at 48 hours and 2 weeks but increased at the 4 weeks following CPB. One patient developed a bacteremia but otherwise no complications were observed.ConclusionCPB is performed by a number of approaches and is well tolerated. The approach selected appears to depend on patient anatomy, preference, and availability of local expertise. Local clinicians could consider CPB earlier in the management of malignant epigastric pain.
Research on line overload identification of power system based on improved neural network algorithm
Authors: Yang Lin , Luo Zhiming , Lin Wangqing , Li Shaozi 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDue to the continuous appearance of safety fault accidents in the practice process, operation safety has become the central task of various operation and management tasks of the power grid. Therefore, to establish a line overload identification and data control model for the power system, we first defined the vulnerability of complex power systems based on the analysis of each line and node. For finding the optimal parameters of this model, we proposed an improved optimization strategy by combining the genetic algorithm and BP neural network. To verified the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conducted experiments on a simulation on the IEEE 30‐node power system environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can establish an optimized overload identification model with better performance. This study can help to conduct reasonable adjustment when overload happens to the power system, and then reduce similar failure as well as enhance the operation safety.
Identification of S22 (ostarine) in human nails and hair using LC‐HRMS. Application to two authentic cases
Authors: Kintz Pascal , Gheddar Laurie , Ameline Alice , Raul Jean‐Sébastien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOstarine, also known as S22 or MK2866 and enobosarm, is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM). It has high anabolic potency, in addition to limited androgenic effects. At this time, ostarine has no therapeutic use, but can be abused for performance‐enhancing purposes using the oral route, at dosages of 10–25 mg per day. As the drug can easily be obtained via the Internet or some fitness centers, athletes and more and more amateurs can use it without undergoing the deleterious physiological side effects that are generally associated with testosterone‐related compounds. Since 2008, the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) has prohibited SARMs at‐all‐times in the category of “other anabolic agents” under section S1.2 of the WADA List. In a case of trafficking/abuse, ostarine was identified in nail (subject 1) and hair (subject 2) by LC/HRMS after incubation of 50 mg of matrix in a pH 9.5 buffer, followed by extraction with organic solvents. The drug was quantitated by LC–MS/MS. Ostarine tested positive at 61 pg/mg (toenails) and 111 pg/mg (fingernails) for subject 1. Ostarine was present at 146, 168, 93, and 101 pg/mg in the 4 × 3 cm hair sections of subject 2, clearly demonstrating long‐term use.
Whole‐genome resequencing reveals the pleistocene temporal dynamics of Branchiostoma belcheri and Branchiostoma floridae populations
Authors: Bi Changwei , Lu Na , Huang Zhen , Chen Junyuan , He Chunpeng , Lu Zuhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlobal climatic fluctuations governed the ancestral demographic histories of species and contributed to place the current population status into a more extensive ecological and evolutionary context. Genetic variations will leave unambiguous signatures in the patterns of intraspecific genetic variation in extant species since the genome of each individual is an imperfect mosaic of the ancestral genomes. Here, we report the genome sequences of 20 Branchiostoma individuals by whole‐genome resequencing strategy. We detected over 140 million genomic variations for each Branchiostoma individual. In particular, we applied the pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) method to estimate the trajectories of changes in the effective population size (Ne) of Branchiostoma population during the Pleistocene. We evaluated the threshold of sequencing depth for proper inference of demographic histories using PSMC was ≥25×. The PSMC results highlight the role of historical global climatic fluctuations in the long‐term population dynamics of Branchiostoma. The inferred ancestral Ne of the Branchiostoma belcheri populations from Zhanjiang and Xiamen (China) seawaters was different in amplitude before the first (mutation rate = 3 × 10−9) or third glaciation (mutation rate = 9 × 10−9) of the Pleistocene, indicating that the two populations most probably started to evolve in isolation in their respective seas after the first or third glaciation of the Pleistocene. A pronounced population bottleneck coinciding with the last glacial maximum was observed in all Branchiostoma individuals, followed by a population expansion occurred during the late Pleistocene. Species that have experienced long‐term declines may be especially vulnerable to recent anthropogenic activities. Recently, the industrial pollution and the exploitation of sea sand have destroyed the harmonious living environment of amphioxus species. In the future, we need to protect the habitat of Branchiostoma and make full use of these detected genetic variations to facilitate the functional study of Branchiostoma for adaptation to local environments.
Who gives a flux? Synchronous flowering ofCoffea arabicaaccelerates leaf litter decomposition
Authors: Schmitt Lauren , Perfecto Ivette 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoffee (Coffea arabica) flowers synchronously and flowers are only open for a few days before senescing. Flower petals often decompose easily, containing higher concentrations of nutrients relative to other plant tissues. Thus, a pulse of petals into the detrital pool could be beneficial for the decomposer community and accelerate decomposition processes. Our research assessed the magnitude of the pulse of petals within a shaded coffee farm, and the impact of petals on the litter arthropod community and on the rate of leaf litter decomposition. Three plots of 12 coffee plants were monitored throughout the flowering period to estimate the magnitude of the bloom. Pitfall traps were used to assess the litter arthropod community before and after flowering. Finally, litterbags withC. arabicaleaves alone andC. arabicaleaves with flower petals were used to compare the effect of petals on decomposition rates. The average number of flowers open per plant at the peak of the bloom was 792 flowers. When scaling to obtain an estimate per hectare in a year, our results indicate flower petals could contribute 26.27 kg of nitrogen, 2.03 kg of phosphorus, and 26.7 kg of potassium. The leaf litter community did not change during our sampling, suggesting that any community effects may be acting on a longer time scale or smaller spatial scale. Leaf litter decomposed nearly three times as quickly in litterbags that included flower petals, relative to litterbags with onlyC. arabicaleaf litter in the first month and twice as fast in the second month. The rate of decomposition with petals exceeded the rate of decomposition without petals and was highest after one month, though the benefit continued after two months. Our results demonstrate that the presence of flower petals can accelerate short‐term decomposition processes.
Time delay estimation issues for target detection and transmitter identification in multistatic radars
Authors: Dash Dillip , Jayaraman Valarmathi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTime delay estimation (TDE) is an active research area due to its importance in a wide range of applications, such as target detection and transmitter identification. At present, the majority of the radar systems are using multistatic architecture because of its improved detection and tracking performance. In multistatic radar systems, where more than one transmitter and receivers are deployed, it is a challenging task to separate multiple echoes at the receiver to estimate the required parameters and identify the number of transmitters. The delay estimation process becomes more complicated when closely spaced multiple targets are involved in the detection process. In this study, various issues associated with conventional matched filtering‐based target detection techniques are investigated in terms of nonlinear time‐frequency representation with ambiguity function and cross‐ambiguity functions. The problems of delay estimation and cross‐range resolution are analyzed through simulations in a multistatic radar system.
An internal swelling factor model to examine the influence of permeability anisotropy on coalbed methane extraction
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Liu Yanbao , Sun Haitao , Xiong Wei , Shen Kai , Ba Quanbin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOwing to the characteristics of coal reservoirs, the gas flow capacity and permeability exhibit strong anisotropy. The anisotropy in terms of the magnitude, which corresponds to the permeability in the horizontal direction being several orders of magnitude larger than that in the vertical direction, has been investigated. However, the anisotropy in terms of the mechanical boundaries, specifically, the presence of constant volume and stress boundaries in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, has not been examined. Therefore, a coupling model of the gas flow and coal seam deformation was developed, and a model to reflect the permeabilities in the horizontal and vertical directions was established considering the internal swelling factor. The models were verified considering field production data, and a numerical analysis was performed. In the early and later stages of gas production, the gas appeared from the fracture and matrix systems, and it was extracted in different regions in the timescale and synchronously, respectively. Owing to the constant stress boundary condition in the vertical direction of the coal seam, the reduction in the gas pressure in the fractures decreased the horizontal fracture opening, thereby decreasing the permeability in the horizontal direction. Because the horizontal direction exhibited a constant volume boundary condition, the desorption of the adsorbed gas resulted in volumetric shrinkage of the matrix, thereby increasing the permeability in the vertical direction. Non‐Darcy effects reduced the gas flow rate and exerted considerable influence in the early stage of the extraction. Moreover, this effect exhibited anisotropy, which was more pronounced in the horizontal direction. The surface diffusion coefficient continuously increased, which promoted the flow of the adsorbed gas in the matrix. The proposed model can be used to estimate the impact of the permeability anisotropy on the coalbed methane and underground gas extraction.
Phytochemical profile, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and allelopathic potentials of aqueous leaf extracts of Olea europaea
Authors: Zaïri Amira , Nouir Sahar , Zarrouk Amira , Haddad Houda , khélifa Améni , Achour Lotfi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough bioactivities of Olea europaea (OE) have been widely described, most of them were related to its methanolic extracts or its essential oils, While data related to aqueous extracts still very scarce. Thus, in this study, the phytochemical composition, the antioxidant activity, the cytotoxic potential, and the allelopathic potential of aqueous leaf extracts from two varieties of Olea europaea were investigated and compared. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the constituents of the tested plants, and spectrophotometric methods to evaluate antioxidant activities. The cytotoxic potential was investigated using murine oligodendrocytes (158N) while germination seeds’ test was used for allelopathic activity. HPLC analysis showed the presence of 10 phenolic compounds in both extracts. Chemlali variety showed the highest antioxidant and allelopathic activities. Regarding the cytotoxicity effect, a significant increase in cell viability was observed with both of our extracts compared to untreated cells. These results confirm that aqueous extracts from OE produce a range of substances with potential antioxidant, antifungal, and allelopathic effects without toxic effects. Thus, they could be used as an alternative of chemical compounds.
The underappreciated role of auriculotemporal nerve involvement in local failure following parotidectomy for cancer
Authors: Swendseid Brian P. , Philips Ramez H. W. , Rao Neeta K. , Goldman Richard A. , Luginbuhl Adam J. , Curry Joseph M. , Keane William M. , Cognetti David M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLocoregional recurrence rates following parotidectomy for cancer remain as high as 20‐30%. The auriculotemporal nerve (ATN) may allow parotid cancers to spread from the facial nerve (FN) toward the skull base, causing local recurrence.MethodsRetrospective review of 173 parotidectomies for malignancy. Preoperative and post‐recurrence imaging were reviewed by a neuroradiologist for signs of tumor adjacent to the ATN.ResultsClinical and imaging signs of possible ATN involvement correlated with FN weakness and sacrifice. Eight patients had pathologically confirmed tumor from the ATN or V3. Forty‐four percent of local recurrences had post‐recurrence imaging showing tumor along the course of the ATN. Locoregional failure along the ATN was also associated with preoperative FN weakness, intraoperative FN sacrifice, and failure to complete recommended adjuvant therapy.ConclusionsParotid cancers may invade the FN and spread to the skull base via the ATN. If not appropriately managed, this may lead to local recurrence.
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of 1‐([6‐bromo‐2‐hydroxy‐naphthalen‐1‐yl]arylphenyl)methyl)‐3‐chloro‐4‐(arylphenyl)‐azetidin‐2‐one
Authors: Chopde Himani N. , Pandhurnekar Chandrashekhar P. , Yadao Babita G. , Bhattacharya Doyel M. , Mungole Arvind J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of 1‐([6‐bromo‐2‐hydroxy‐naphthalen‐1‐yl]‐aryl‐phenyl)methyl)‐3‐chloro‐4‐(aryl‐phenyl)azetidin‐2‐ones has been reported in the present research work via Staudinger [2 + 2] ketene‐imine cycloaddition reaction pathway. The reaction of 1‐((Benzylideneamino)(aryl)methyl)‐6‐bromo‐naphthalen‐2‐ols with chloroacetic acid and triethylamine afforded 1‐([6‐bromo‐2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl]aryl‐phenyl)methyl)‐3‐chloro‐4‐(aryl‐phenyl)azetidin‐2‐ones. For the structural elucidation of series of compounds, different analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as elemental analysis, IR spectra, 1H‐NMR spectra and mass spectra were used. All the newly synthesized compounds were tested for their anti‐bacterial activity studies. It revealed that some of the compounds possesses moderate to good activities as compared to standard drugs. The widest spectrum of anti‐bacterial activities against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacterial strains among the examined compounds possessed having more hydroxyl group along with β‐lactam ring compared to other substituted azetidinones.
A sensitivity analysis of the different setups of the RegCM4.5 model for the Carpathian region
Authors: Kalmár Tímea , Pieczka Ildikó , Pongrácz Rita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current study focuses on the RegCM4.5 model and specifically on a comparison of hydrostatic and non‐hydrostatic approaches as well as on different microphysical parameterisations and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes. The main goal of the paper is to simulate the historical regional precipitation characteristics of the Carpathian region as reliably as possible. For this purpose, seven different model experiments at a 10 km horizontal resolution were completed for a 10‐year period (1981–1990) using ERA‐Interim reanalysis data (with 0.75° resolution) as initial and boundary conditions. Our simulation matrix consists of hydrostatic and non‐hydrostatic runs together with different treatments of moisture, namely, the SUBEX and the NogTom schemes. In addition, two PBL schemes are tested, the Holtslag and the UW‐PBL scheme. In this detailed validation study, RegCM outputs (e.g., temperature, global radiation, cloud cover, precipitation) are compared to the homogenized, gridded CarpatClim data (available with 0.1° resolution) that are based on measurements at regular meteorological station sites. The validation considers seasonal and monthly means, as well as extreme climatic events. On the basis of the results we can conclude that the role of the non‐hydrostatic core can be clearly recognized for precipitation, particularly over mountains. Moreover, it was also found that the UW‐PBL scheme performs with a negative bias regarding atmospheric boundary layer thickness and temperature and it reduces the wet/dry biases of the Holtslag PBL scheme. Regarding microphysical schemes, the NogTom scheme performs better than the SUBEX scheme, but the modified SUBEX (SUB4.3) can also reduce the precipitation over mountainous areas.
A universal quantification of transgenic soybean event DAS‐68416‐4 using duplex digital PCR
Authors: Liu Jin , Li Zhi‐yong , Dong Jie , Gao Dong‐wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs labeling thresholds and low level presence thresholds of genetically modified (GM) components are implemented in more and more countries and regions, the demands for accurate quantification are increasing rapidly. At the same time, digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed considerable benefits compared with former real‐time fluorescence PCR in GM component quantification.RESULTSA universal quantification method using duplex digital PCR was established for detection of transgenic soybean event DAS‐68416‐4. The absolute limits of quantification (LOQs) of DAS‐68416‐4 event‐specific gene and lectin reference gene were 0.61 copies μL‐1 and 4.6 copies μL‐1 respectively in droplet digital PCR, while 0.522 copies μL‐1 and 5.192 copies μL‐1 in chip digital PCR. The relative LOQs of DAS‐68416‐4 percentage content was 0.1% in both two digital PCR systems.CONCLUSIONGene copy ratio is the universal means of expression internationally used in transgenic component contents. Digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) executes absolute quantification on specific genes, thus is considered to be suitable for detection of transgenic component contents. It was proved in this research on transgenic soybean event DAS‐68416‐4. Results indicated perfect satisfaction for transgenic component quantification needs in various technical performances of duplex digital PCR including repeatability, quantitative linear relationship and relative limits of quantification. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
An Ag2S@ZnS‐coated fiber for efficient, long‐life solid‐phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Fan Hua , Wang Xiaoqi , Dang Shihao , A Gu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough an efficient and stable fiber coating is essential for the development of solid‐phase microextraction technique, it remains a challenging prospect. Herein, an inorganic nanocomposite material Ag2S@ZnS was prepared and used as a coating for fibers to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples in combination with a GC with flame ionization detector. Compared with a single ZnS material, the Ag2S@ZnS composite shows many uneven nano‐protrusions on the surface of the microspheres. In conjunction with the relatively scattered microstructure of the coating and the effective anion‐π interaction formed between ZnS and the hydrocarbons, it has a large specific surface area, fast diffusion of the target molecule on its surface, and appropriate adsorption of the target molecules; therefore, it exhibits good extraction efficiency for the hydrocarbons. Under optimal conditions, the proposed analytical method exhibits superior performance with good linearity (0.01–500 µg/L) and low limits of detection (0.001–0.200 µg/L). Combined with high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability, the service life of the coating was improved and could be used 200 times without a significant reduction in the extraction performance, and at least 2000 extraction–desorption cycles can be achieved. Satisfactory results were also obtained for the real samples.
Tourism and the environmental Kuznets Curve: A panel estimation
Authors: Ghosh Sudeshna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study empirically explores the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis within a tourism structure using a multivariate framework. The study examines the importance of tourist arrivals on CO2 emissions, using GDP per capita, energy utilization, trade openness, urbanization, and industrial value‐added and physical capital formation as major control variables, for a panel of 95 countries based on annual data from 1995 to 2014. This study is the first of its kind which examines the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in a tourism framework based on diverse income groups, using second‐order panel estimation method.
Induced Photon Correlations Through the Overlap of Two Four‐Wave Mixing Processes in Integrated Cavities
Authors: Zhang Yanbing , Kues Michael , Roztocki Piotr , Reimer Christian , Fischer Bennet , MacLellan Benjamin , Bisianov Arstan , Peschel Ulf , Little Brent E. , Chu Sai T. , Moss David J. , Caspani Lucia , Morandotti Roberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInduced photon correlations are directly demonstrated by exploring two coupled nonlinear processes in an integrated device. Using orthogonally polarized modes within an integrated microring cavity, phase matching of two different nonlinear four‐wave mixing processes is achieved simultaneously, wherein both processes share one target frequency mode, while their other frequency modes differ. The overlap of these modes leads to the coupling of both nonlinear processes, producing photon correlations. The nature of this process is confirmed by means of time‐ and power‐dependent photon correlation measurements. These findings are relevant to the fundamental understanding of spontaneous parametric effects as well as single‐photon‐induced processes, and their effect on optical quantum state generation and control.