bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doxorubicin‐induced normal breast epithelial cellular aging and its related breast cancer growth through mitochondrial autophagy and oxidative stress mitigated by ginsenoside Rh2
Authors: Hou Jingang , Yun Yeejin , Xue Jianjie , Jeon Byeongmin , Kim Sunchang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClinical dose of doxorubicin (100 nM) induced cellular senescence and various secretory phenotypes in breast cancer and normal epithelial cells. Herein, we reported the detailed mechanism underlying ginsenoside Rh2‐mediated NF‐κB inhibition, and mitophagy promotion were evaluated by antibody array assay, western blotting analysis, and immunocytostaining. Ginsenoside Rh2 suppressed the protein levels of TRAF6, p62, phosphorylated IKK, and IκB, which consequently inactivated NF‐κB activity. Rh2‐mediated secretory phenotype was delineated by the suppressed IL‐8 secretion. Senescent epithelial cells showed increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was significantly abrogated by Rh2, with upregulation on SIRT 3 and SIRT 5 and subsequent increase in SOD1 and SOD2. Rh2 remarkably favored mitophagy by the increased expressions of PINK1 and Parkin and decreased level of PGC‐1α. A decreased secretion of IL‐8 challenged by mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi‐1 with an NF‐κB luciferase system was confirmed. Importantly, secretory senescent epithelial cells promoted the breast cancer (MCF‐7) proliferation while decreased the survival of normal epithelial cells demonstrated by co‐culture system, which was remarkably alleviated by ginsenoside Rh2 treatment. These data included ginsenoside Rh2 regulated ROS and mitochondrial autophagy, which were in large part attributed to secretory phenotype of senescent breast epithelial cells induced by doxorubicin. These findings also suggested that ginsenoside Rh2 is a potential treatment candidate for the attenuation of aging related disease.
A diagnostic study of cloud physics and lightning flash rates in a severe pre‐monsoon thunderstorm over northeast India
Authors: Choudhury B. Abida , Konwar Mahen , Hazra Anupam , Mohan Greeshma M. , Pithani Prakash , Ghude Sachin D. , Deshamukhya Atri , Barth Mary C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNumerical simulations of a thunderstorm event that occurred in the pre‐monsoon season over the North‐Eastern region of India (NEI) and Bangladesh are performed using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW, version 3.8.1). Doppler weather radar indicates severe convective activity lasted for more than 10 hr. These extremely deep convective clouds with minimum cloud‐top temperature −70 °C at 19 km were triggered by the mixing of a moist air mass transported from the Bay of Bengal in the south and dry air transported from the northwest. A cyclonic circulation observed over the Tibetan plateau is likely to be associated with the strong southerly low‐level wind over NEI, as the plateau acts as a source of heat‐lows during the pre‐monsoon season. The coexistence of ice particles and supercooled water in the storms resulted in a large number of lightning flashes during the storm as observed from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Lightning Imaging Sensor (TRMM‐LIS). Co‐location of supercooled cloud water droplets helps in forming graupel through riming that plays a vital role in these convective systems. Lightning flashes calculated from WRF simulation using the Morrison microphysical and cloud top height based dynamical lightning parametrization scheme was found comparable with the observed flashes from TRMM‐LIS. Since the WRF model could simulate the thunderstorm, we recommend using this state‐of‐the‐art regional model in thunderstorm and lightning predictions for northeast India which would be useful in preparedness for such extreme events.
Computational modeling of the kinetics and mechanism of tellurium‐based glutathione peroxidase mimic
Authors: Kheirabadi Ramesh , Izadyar Mohammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new generation of glutathione peroxidase enzyme mimic based on organotellurium was introduced. The catalytic cycles of these mimics, tellura and tellenol, were clarified by density functional theory and solvent‐assisted proton exchange procedure as an indirect proton exchange chain. From the kinetic viewpoint, the oxidation of tellura (ΔG≠ = 23.55 kcal mol−1) was considered as the rate‐determining step using a single‐step process. Various behaviors of tellenol were examined in the reduction of tellurenylsulfide based on methanethiol nucleophilicity. On the basis of the turnover frequency calculations, during the catalytic cycles of tellura and tellenol, the rate of the catalytic cycle of tellura is faster than that of tellenol. A decrease in the electron density and an increase in the Laplacian from the reactant to the transition states are evidence of the bond rupture, whereas an opposite change is evidence of the bond formation. Finally, different analyses of the electron location function and localized orbital locator within the quantum theory of atoms in molecules were applied and discussed. The covalent nature of the intramolecular interactions suggests that the Te⋯N interaction is stronger than that of Te⋯H. Finally, based on different analyses, tellura can be considered the more reactive GPx mimic than tellenol.
Gelatin Methacryloyl Microneedle Patches for Minimally Invasive Extraction of Skin Interstitial Fluid
Authors: Zhu Jixiang , Zhou Xingwu , Kim Han‐Jun , Qu Moyuan , Jiang Xing , Lee KangJu , Ren Li , Wu Qingzhi , Wang Canran , Zhu Xunmin , Tebon Peyton , Zhang Shiming , Lee Junmin , Ashammakhi Nureddin , Ahadian Samad , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Gu Zhen , Sun Wujin , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF) from skin using microneedles (MNs) has attracted growing interest in recent years due to its potential for minimally invasive diagnostics and biosensors. ISF collection by absorption into a hydrogel MN patch is a promising way that requires the materials to have outstanding swelling ability. Here, a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) patch is developed with an 11 × 11 array of MNs for minimally invasive sampling of ISF. The properties of the patch can be tuned by altering the concentration of the GelMA prepolymer and the crosslinking time; patches are created with swelling ratios between 293% and 423% and compressive moduli between 3.34 MPa and 7.23 MPa. The optimized GelMA MN patch demonstrates efficient extraction of ISF. Furthermore, it efficiently and quantitatively detects glucose and vancomycin in ISF in an in vivo study. This minimally invasive approach of extracting ISF with a GelMA MN patch has the potential to complement blood sampling for the monitoring of target molecules from patients.
Direct Nano‐Synthesis Methods Notably Benefit Mg‐Battery Cathode Performance
Authors: Blanc Lauren E. , Sun Xiaoqi , Shyamsunder Abhinandan , Duffort Victor , Nazar Linda F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries are promising candidates for next‐generation electrochemical energy storage, but their development is severely hindered by sluggish solid‐state diffusion and significant desolvation penalties of the divalent cation. Studies suggest that nano‐sized electrode materials alleviate these issues by shortening diffusion lengths and increasing electrode/electrolyte interaction. Here, the effect of particle size and synthetic methodology on the electrochemical performance of four sulfide cathode materials in Mg batteries is investigated: layered TiS2, CuS, spinel Ti2S4, and CuCo2S4. In these sulfide hosts, the direct preparation of nano‐dimensional crystallites is critical to activate or improve electrochemistry. Even promising cathode materials can appear electrochemically inert when micron‐sized particles are investigated (e.g., CuCo2S4), and mechanical milling leads to surface degradation of active material which severely limits performance. However, nano‐sized CuCo2S4 prepared directly reaches a capacity nearly double that of ball‐milled material and delivers 350 mAh g−1 at 60 °C. This work provides synthetic considerations which may be crucial in the discovery and design of novel Mg cathode materials, so that promising candidates are not overlooked. By extension, in oxide materials where Mg2+ diffusion is expected to be much more sluggish, this factor is anticipated to be even more important when screening for new hosts.
Flexible data anonymization using ARX—Current status and challenges ahead
Authors: Prasser Fabian , Eicher Johanna , Spengler Helmut , Bild Raffael , Kuhn Klaus A. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe race for innovation has turned into a race for data. Rapid developments of new technologies, especially in the field of artificial intelligence, are accompanied by new ways of accessing, integrating, and analyzing sensitive personal data. Examples include financial transactions, social network activities, location traces, and medical records. As a consequence, adequate and careful privacy management has become a significant challenge. New data protection regulations, for example in the EU and China, are direct responses to these developments. Data anonymization is an important building block of data protection concepts, as it allows to reduce privacy risks by altering data. The development of anonymization tools involves significant challenges, however. For instance, the effectiveness of different anonymization techniques depends on context, and thus tools need to support a large set of methods to ensure that the usefulness of data is not overly affected by risk‐reducing transformations. In spite of these requirements, existing solutions typically only support a small set of methods. In this work, we describe how we have extended an open source data anonymization tool to support almost arbitrary combinations of a wide range of techniques in a scalable manner. We then review the spectrum of methods supported and discuss their compatibility within the novel framework. The results of an extensive experimental comparison show that our approach outperforms related solutions in terms of scalability and output data quality—while supporting a much broader range of techniques. Finally, we discuss practical experiences with ARX and present remaining issues and challenges ahead.
Seismic design and application of hybrid coupled walls with replaceable steel coupling beams in high‐rise buildings
Authors: Ji Xiaodong , Molina Hutt Carlos 
Published: February 2020

SummaryAn innovative hybrid coupled wall system consists of reinforced concrete (RC) wall piers connected with replaceable steel coupling beams (RSCBs) throughout their height. The RSCBs are designed with a central “fuse” shear link connected to steel beam segments at both ends, which are capacity designed to remain elastic. During a damaging earthquake, the fuse shear links yield and dissipate seismic energy, and once damaged, they can be easily replaced due to specialized link‐to‐beam connection details. Therefore, this system is expected to provide enhanced seismic performance over a conventional RC coupled wall system, particularly in terms of repair costs and time after damaging earthquakes. This paper presents an overview of seismic design considerations of this new system, which is intended as a guide for design practitioners to adopt the system. Design procedure of this system is first summarized, followed by description of the coupling ratio selection, member sizing, connection detailing, and modeling recommendations of the system. Furthermore, an analytical case study for a high‐rise building is presented to highlight the benefit of using this system for enhancement to overall building performance. In the end, this paper presents a few real‐world applications of RSCBs in super‐tall buildings in China.
Photoantimicrobials—An update
Authors: Maisch Tim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization has classified the threat of antimicrobial resistance as one of the major threats to human health worldwide. New strategies and ideas are of interest to prevent spread and to control antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Currently cold atmospheric plasma and the photodynamic principle using photoantimicrobials can be mentioned as two new innovative state of the art techniques for successful eradication of bacteria. Here in this review an update is given about the current status of the photodynamic principle and new developments of photoantimicrobials.
Values, Beliefs and Environmental Citizenship
Authors: Balundė Audra , Poškus Mykolas Simas , Jovarauskaitė Lina , Sarid Ariel , Farangitakis Georgios , Knippels Marie-Christine , Hadjichambis Andreas Ch. , Paraskeva-Hadjichambi Demetra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we will consider the relationships between values, beliefs and Environmental Citizenship. The role of personal values, value orientations and environmental beliefs in explaining pro-environmental actions and behaviour is widely explored. It is already acknowledged that self-enhancement (egoistic and hedonistic) values are less predictive of pro-environmental actions than self-transcendence (biospheric and altruistic) values. Additionally, beliefs are considered to be at the core of human behaviour in cognitive theories explaining pro-environmental behaviour and are an important part of many theories used to predict pro-environmental actions. We regard Environmental Citizenship as a combination of certain pro-environmental actions and civic engagement, both public and private, that lead to the mitigation of environmental problems. It is important to answer the question of whether general values and beliefs can potentially be relevant antecedents of Environmental Citizenship. Understanding how values and beliefs relate to Environmental Citizenship would allow for evidence-based ways of promoting Environmental Citizenship in schools and communities and would empower educators to make effective decisions in promoting Environmental Citizenship.
Colliders and conformal interfaces
Authors: Meineri Marco , Penedones Joao , Rousset Antonin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We set up a scattering experiment of matter against an impurity which separates two generic one-dimensional critical quantum systems. We compute the flux of reflected and transmitted energy, thus defining a precise measure of the transparency of the interface between the related two-dimensional conformal field theories. If the largest symmetry algebra is Virasoro, we find that the reflection and transmission coefficients are independent of the details of the initial state, and are fixed in terms of the central charges and of the two-point function of the displacement operator. The situation is more elaborate when extended symmetries are present. Positivity of the total energy flux at infinity imposes bounds on the coefficient of the two-point function of the displacement operator, which controls the free-energy cost of a small deformation of the interface. Finally, we study out-of-equilibrium steady states of a critical system connecting two reservoirs at different temperatures. In the absence of extended symmetries, our result implies that the energy flux across an impurity is proportional to the difference of the squared temperatures and controlled by the reflection coefficient.
Notes on the complex Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
Authors: Gu Yingfei , Kitaev Alexei , Sachdev Subir , Tarnopolsky Grigory 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We describe numerous properties of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model for complex fermions with N ≫ 1 flavors and a global U(1) charge. We provide a general definition of the charge in the (G, Σ) formalism, and compute its universal relation to the infrared asymmetry of the Green function. The same relation is obtained by a renormalization theory. The conserved charge contributes a compact scalar field to the effective action, from which we derive the many-body density of states and extract the charge compressibility. We compute the latter via three distinct numerical methods and obtain consistent results. Finally, we present a two dimensional bulk picture with free Dirac fermions for the zero temperature entropy.
Thermodynamics of two black holes
Authors: Krtouš Pavel , Zelnikov Andrei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study a system of two charged non-rotating black holes separated by a strut. Using the exact solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations, which describes this system, we construct a consistent form of the first law of thermodynamics. We derive thermodynamic parameters related to the strut in an explicit form. The intensive thermodynamical quantity associated with the strut is its tension. We call the corresponding extensive quantity the thermodynamical length and we provide an explicit expression and interpretation for it.
Generalized blind spots for dark matter direct detection in the 2HDM
Authors: Cabrera M. E. , Casas J. A. , Delgado A. , Robles S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper we study the presence of generalized blind spots, i.e. regions of the parameter space where the spin-independent cross section for dark matter direct detection is suppressed, in the context of a generic 2HDM and a minimal fermionic Higgs-portal dark sector. To this end, we derive analytical expressions for the couplings of the dark matter to the light and heavy Higgses, and thus for the blind spot solutions. Unlike the case of a standard Higgs sector, blind spots can occur even without a cancellation between different contributions, while keeping unsuppressed and efficient the annihilation processes in the early Universe involving Higgs states. As a consequence, the allowed parameter space is dramatically enhanced.
Decoherence in Conformal Field Theory
Authors: del Campo Adolfo , Takayanagi Tadashi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Noise sources are ubiquitous in Nature and give rise to a description of quantum systems in terms of stochastic Hamiltonians. Decoherence dominates the noise-averaged dynamics and leads to dephasing and the decay of coherences in the eigenbasis of the fluctuating operator. For energy-diffusion processes stemming from fluctuations of the system Hamiltonian the characteristic decoherence time is shown to be proportional to the heat capacity. We analyze the decoherence dynamics of entangled CFTs and characterize the dynamics of the purity, and logarithmic negativity, that are shown to decay monotonically as a function of time. The converse is true for the quantum Renyi entropies. From the short-time asymptotics of the purity, the decoherence rate is identified and shown to be proportional to the central charge. The fixed point characterizing long times of evolution depends on the presence degeneracies in the energy spectrum. We show how information loss associated with decoherence can be attributed to its leakage to an auxiliary environment and discuss how gravity duals of decoherence dynamics in holographic CFTs looks like in AdS/CFT. We find that the inner horizon region of eternal AdS black hole is highly squeezed due to decoherence.
Safety of tattoos and permanent make-up: a regulatory view
Authors: Giulbudagian Michael , Schreiver Ines , Singh Ajay Vikram , Laux Peter , Luch Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe continuous increase in the popularity of tattoos and permanent make-up (PMU) has led to substantial changes in their societal perception. Besides a better understanding of pathological conditions associated with the injection of highly diverse substances into subepidermal layers of the skin, their regulation has occupied regulatory bodies around the globe. In that sense, current regulatory progress in the European Union is an exemplary initiative for improving the safety of tattooing. On one hand, the compilation of market surveillance data has provided knowledge on hazardous substances present in tattoo inks. On the other hand, clinical data gathered from patients enabled correlation of adverse reactions with certain substances. Nevertheless, the assessment of risks remains a challenge due to knowledge gaps on the biokinetics of highly complex inks and their degradation products. This review article examines the strategies for regulating substances in tattoo inks and PMU in light of their potential future restriction in the frame of the REACH regulation. Substance categories are discussed in terms of their risk assessment and proposed concentration limits.
On the establishment of a mutant
Authors: Baker Jeremy , Chigansky Pavel , Jagers Peter , Klebaner Fima C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow long does it take for an initially advantageous mutant to establish itself in a resident population, and what does the population composition look like then? We approach these questions in the framework of the so called Bare Bones evolution model (Klebaner et al. in J Biol Dyn 5(2):147–162, 2011.https://doi.org/10.1080/17513758.2010.506041) that provides a simplified approach to the adaptive population dynamics of binary splitting cells. As the mutant population grows, cell division becomes less probable, and it may in fact turn less likely than that of residents. Our analysis rests on the assumption of the process starting from resident populations, with sizes proportional to a large carrying capacityK. Actually, we assume carrying capacities to be$$a_1K$$a1Kand$$a_2K$$a2Kfor the resident and the mutant populations, respectively, and study the dynamics for$$K\rightarrow \infty $$K→∞. We find conditions for the mutant to be successful in establishing itself alongside the resident. The time it takes turns out to be proportional to$$\log K$$logK. We introduce the time of establishment through the asymptotic behaviour of the stochastic nonlinear dynamics describing the evolution, and show that it is indeed$$\frac{1}{\rho }\log K$$1ρlogK, where$$\rho $$ρis twice the probability of successful division of the mutant at its appearance. Looking at the composition of the population, at times$$\frac{1}{\rho }\log K +n, n \in \mathbb {Z}_+$$1ρlogK+n,n∈Z+, we find that the densities (i.e. sizes relative to carrying capacities) of both populations follow closely the corresponding two dimensional nonlinear deterministic dynamics that starts ata random point. We characterise this random initial condition in terms of the scaling limit of the corresponding dynamics, and the limit of the properly scaled initial binary splitting process of the mutant. The deterministic approximation with random initial condition is in fact valid asymptotically at all times$$\frac{1}{\rho }\log K +n$$1ρlogK+nwith$$n\in \mathbb {Z}$$n∈Z.
Contrast variation of micelles composed of Ca2+ and block copolymers of two negatively charged polyelectrolytes
Authors: Carl Nico , Prévost Sylvain , Schweins Ralf , Huber Klaus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBlock copolymers were prepared with two anionic polyelectrolyte blocks: sodium polyacrylate (PA) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), in order to investigate their phase behavior in aqueous solution in the presence of Ca2+ cations. Depending on the concentration of polymer and Ca2+ and on the ratio of the block lengths in the copolymer, spherical micelles were observed. Micelle formation arises from the specific interaction of Ca2+ with the PA block only. An extensive small-angle scattering study was performed in order to unravel the structure and dimensions of the block copolymer micelles. Deuteration of the PA block enabled us to perform contrast variation experiments using small-angle neutron scattering at variable ratios of light and heavy water which were combined with information from small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering.