bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of extrusion-cooking technology in hatchery waste management
Authors: Sobota Aldona , Zarzycki Piotr , Wirkijowska Anna , Rzedzicki Zbigniew , Pawlas Agnieszka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the extrusion-cooking process of cereal blends with addition of hatchery waste (HW). The effect of HW addition on the physical properties and chemical composition of the extrudates was examined. The share of the HW in blends with corn meal was variable in the range of 5–30%. The study was conducted using a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder (L:D ratio 12:1, screw speed 75 rpm, die diameters 3 mm × 6 mm, profile of barrel temperature 120/140/180/180/130°C, and material moisture 28%). Increase in the content of the HW from 5 to 30% reduced the expansion ratio, pellet durability index, water absorption index, and water solubility index of the extrudates. The microstructure of the extrudates with HW addition is non-homogeneous; the areas with densely packed and adherent granules, interwoven with fibrous structures, can be observed. Increase in the share of HW leads to a lowering of the levels of crude fiber and total dietary fiber in the extrudates. Moreover, a significant increase in the content of protein, crude fat, and mineral elements such as calcium, sodium, magnesium, and iron was observed.
Impact of mandibular prognathism on morphology and loadings in temporomandibular joints
Authors: Shu Jingheng , Wang Quanyi , Chong Desmond Y.R. , Liu Zhan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Loadings in temporomandibular joints (TMJs) are essential factors in dysfunction of TMJs, and are barely noticed in treatment of maxillofacial deformity. The only approach, which can access stresses in TMJs, could expend day’s even weeks to complete. The objective of the study was to compare the differences of the morphological and biomechanical characteristics of TMJs between asymptomatic subjects and patients with mandibular prognathism, and to preliminarily analyze the connection between the two kinds of characteristics. Morphological measurements and finite element analysis (FEA) corresponding to the central occlusion were carried out on the models of 13 mandibular prognathism patients and 10 asymptomatic subjects. The results indicated that the joint spaces of the patients were significantly lower than those of the asymptomatic subjects, while the stresses of patients were significantly greater than those of asymptomatic subjects, especially the stresses on discs. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that weak or no correlations were found between the von Mises stresses and the joint spaces of asymptomatic subjects, while moderate, even high correlations were found in the patients. Thus, it was shown to be a feasible way to use morphological parameters to predict the internal loads of TMJs.
An evaluation of ten external quality assurance scheme (EQAS) materials for the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for haemoglobin
Authors: O’Driscoll Shane , Piggott Carolyn , Bruce Helen , Benton Sally C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
External quality assessment schemes (EQAS) are being established worldwide to support the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for haemoglobin (Hb). FIT is widely used as a screening test for colorectal cancer and increasingly in assessment of patients presenting with symptoms. EQA for FIT is provided in several matrices, each unique to the individual scheme. These include Hb suspended in a faecal-like matrix, lyophilised samples and liquid samples. The aim of this study was to evaluate commercially available EQAS and assess their suitability for use.

Methods
Ten EQAS provided material for the study. EQA samples were analysed on four quantitative FIT systems. 15 faecal-like matrix samples were loaded per concentration per FIT system. Reconstituted lyophilised samples were examined five times on three separate occasions and liquid samples were examined 10 times per concentration per FIT system. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated per concentration of EQA for each FIT system.

Results
Results from faecal-like matrix schemes had a higher median CV (12.4–19.0%) when compared to those from schemes providing liquid matrices (0.8–2.3%). The spread of CV values was also higher for results from faecal-like matrix schemes with an interquartile range (IQR) 4.4–24.0% vs. liquid IQR range of 0.3–2.5%.

Conclusions
Hb results from faecal-like matrices, whilst more aligned to a patient or participant sample, are prone to pre-examination variation so do not assess the analytical accuracy of a FIT system. Liquid matrices are not prone to pre-examination variation and are better able to assess the accuracy of a FIT system.
A new strategy implementing mass spectrometry in the diagnosis of congenital disorders of N-glycosylation (CDG)
Authors: Casetta Bruno , Malvagia Sabrina , Funghini Silvia , Martinelli Diego , Dionisi-Vici Carlo , Barone Rita , Fiumara Agata , Donati Maria Alice , Guerrini Renzo , la Marca Giancarlo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Congenital disorders of N-glycosylation (CDG) are a large group of rare metabolic disorders caused by defects in the most common post-translational modification of proteins. CDGs are often difficult to diagnose as they are manifested with non-specific symptoms and signs. Analysis of serum transferrin (TRF) isoforms, as the classical procedure used to identify a CDG patient, enables to predict pathological steps in the N-linked glycosylation process.

Methods
We devised a new strategy based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the analysis of TRF isoforms by combining a simple and fast sample preparation with a specific chromatographic cleanup/separation step followed by mass-spectrometric measurement. Single TRF isoform masses were obtained through reconstruction of multiply charged electrospray data collected by quadrupole-MS technology. Hereby, we report the first analyzed serum samples obtained from 20 CDG patients and 100 controls.

Results
The ratio of desialylated isoforms to total TRF was calculated for patients and controls. CDG-Type I patients showed higher amounts of bi-sialo isoform (range: 6.7–29.6%) compared to controls (<5.5%, mean percentage 3.9%). CDG-Type II pattern showed an increased peak of tri-sialo isoforms. The mean percentage of tri-sialo-TRF was 9.3% (range: 2.9–12.9%) in controls, which was lower than that obtained from two patients with COG5-CDG and MAN1B1-CDG (18.5 and 24.5%). Intraday and between-day imprecisions were less than 9 and 16%, respectively, for bi-sialo- and less than 3 and 6% for tri-sialo-TRF.

Conclusions
This LC-MS-based approach provides a simple, sensitive and fast analytical tool for characterizing CDG disorders in a routine clinical biochemistry while improving diagnostic accuracy and speeding clinical decision-making.
Evaluation of three fully-automated SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays
Authors: Hörber Sebastian , Soldo Jelena , Relker Lasse , Jürgens Stefan , Guther Julia , Peter Silke , Lehmann Rainer , Peter Andreas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Serological assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are increasingly used during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-Coronavirus-2. Here we evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of three commercially available SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.

Methods
A total of 186 samples from 58 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection were measured using SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays by Siemens Healthineers, Roche Diagnostics and Euroimmun. Additionally, 123 control samples, including samples collected before December 2019 and samples with potential cross-reactive antibodies were analyzed. Diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, agreement between assays and ROC curve-derived optimized thresholds were determined. Furthermore, intra- and inter-assay precision and the potential impact of interfering substances were investigated.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays by Siemens and Roche showed 100% specificity. The Euroimmun assay had 98 and 100% specificity, when borderline results are considered as positive or negative, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity for samples collected ≥14 days after PCR-positivity was 97.0, 89.4 and 95.5% using the Siemens, Roche and Euroimmun assay, respectively. Sensitivity of the Roche assay can be increased using an optimized cut-off index (0.095). However, a simultaneous decrease in specificity (98.4%) was observed. Siemens showed 95.8 and 95.5% overall agreement with results of Euroimmun and Roche assay, respectively. Euroimmun and Roche assay exhibited 92.6% overall agreement. Discordant results were observed in three COVID-19 patients and in one COVID-19 patient none of the investigated assays detected antibodies.

Conclusions
The investigated assays were highly specific and sensitive in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in samples obtained ≥14 days after PCR-confirmed infection. Discordant results need to be investigated in further studies.
Composition and diurnal variation of floral scent emission in Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Tulipa gesneriana L.
Authors: Yang Lu , Liao Xiang , Cheng Ping , Zhang Zhi-Gang , Li Hong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed to explore the composition and diurnal variation analyses of floral scent emission from Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Tulipa gesneriana L. The floral scent from the fresh flower were collected at different time points (9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, and 21:00) using dynamic headspace collection and were analyzed using autothermal desorber-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ATD-GC/MS). The results showed that a total of 62 volatile flavor compounds were detected from Rosa rugosa Thunb and a total of 70 volatile flavor compounds were detected from Tulipa gesneriana L. They were identified with eight functional categories: alcohols, fatty hydrocarbons, terpenes, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and other substances. The total release amount first decreased, and then increased with time, and arrived at the lowest at 15:00. The release amounts of different categories present distinct change patterns. Among the components, phenylethyl alcohol, citronellol, methylene chloride, hexane, and acetone showed relatively higher release amounts and were thought as the main components in floral scent of Rosa rugosa Thunb. Alpha-Farnesene, ethanol, pentadecane, beta-ocimene, longifolene, caryophyllene, and acetone showed relatively higher release amounts and were thought as the main components in floral scent of Tulipa gesneriana L. Research of roses and tulips in aromatic in the garden provides a theoretical basis and research and improvement of the aroma components of aroma.
A Finite Element Method for Elliptic Dirichlet Boundary Control Problems
Authors: Karkulik Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We consider the finite element discretization of an optimal Dirichlet boundary control problem for the Laplacian, where the control is considered in

H

1
/
2

⁢

(
Γ
)

{H^{1/2}(\Gamma)}

.
To avoid computing the latter norm numerically, we realize it using the

H
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

{H^{1}(\Omega)}

norm of the harmonic extension of the control.
We propose a mixed finite element discretization, where the harmonicity of the solution is included by a Lagrangian multiplier.
In the case of convex polygonal domains, optimal error estimates in the

H
1

{H^{1}}

and

L
2

{L_{2}}

norm are proven.
We also consider and analyze the case of control constrained problems.
A First-Order Explicit-Implicit Splitting Method for a Convection-Diffusion Problem
Authors: Pani Amiya K. , Thomée Vidar , Vasudeva Murthy A. S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We analyze a second-order in space, first-order in time accurate finite difference method for a spatially periodic convection-diffusion problem.
This method is a time stepping method based on the first-order Lie splitting of the spatially semidiscrete solution.
In each time step, on an interval of length k, of this solution, the method uses the backward Euler method for the diffusion part, and then applies a stabilized explicit forward Euler approximation on

m
≥
1

{m\geq 1}

intervals of length

k
m

{\frac{k}{m}}

for the convection part.
With h the mesh width in space, this results in an error bound of the form

C
0

⁢

h
2

+

C
m

⁢
k

{C_{0}h^{2}+C_{m}k}

for appropriately smooth solutions, where

C
m

≤

C
′

+

C
′′

m

{C_{m}\leq C^{\prime}+\frac{C^{\prime\prime}}{m}}

.
This work complements the earlier study [V. Thomée and A. S. Vasudeva Murthy, An explicit-implicit splitting method for a convection-diffusion problem, Comput. Methods Appl. Math. 19 2019, 2, 283–293] based on the second-order Strang splitting.
A binary encoding of spinors and applications
Authors: Arizmendi Gerardo , Herrera Rafael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a binary code for spinors and Clifford multiplication using non-negative integers and their binary expressions, which can be easily implemented in computer programs for explicit calculations. As applications, we present explicit descriptions of the triality automorphism of Spin(8), explicit representations of the Lie algebras 𝔰𝔭𝔦𝔶 (8), 𝔰𝔭𝔦𝔶 (7) and 𝔤2, etc.
Distributed Denial-of-Service Prediction on IoT Framework by Learning Techniques
Authors: Dwivedi Shubhra , Vardhan Manu , Tripathi Sarsij 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDistributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks on the Internet of Things (IoT) pose a serious threat to several web-based networks. The intruder’s ability to deal with the power of various cooperating devices to instigate an attack makes its administration even more multifaceted. This complexity can be further increased while lots of intruders attempt to overload an attack against a device. To counter and defend against modern DDoS attacks, several effective and powerful techniques have been used in the literature, such as data mining and artificial intelligence for the intrusion detection system (IDS), but they have some limitations. To overcome the existing limitations, in this study, we propose an intrusion detection mechanism that is an integration of a filter-based selection technique and a machine learning algorithm, called information gain-based intrusion detection system (IGIDS). In addition, IGIDS selects the most relevant features from the original IDS datasets that can help to distinguish typical low-speed DDoS attacks and, then, the selected features are passed on to the classifiers, i.e. support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (C4.5), naïve Bayes (NB) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) to detect attacks. The publicly available datasets as KDD Cup 99, CAIDA DDOS Attack 2007, CONFICKER worm, and UNINA traffic traces, are used for our experimental study. From the results of the simulation, it is clear that IGIDS with C4.5 acquires high detection and accuracy with a low false-positive rate.
The use of artificial neural networks for modelling pitting corrosion behaviour of EN 1.4404 stainless steel in marine environment: data analysis and new developments
Authors: Jiménez-Come María Jesús , Martín María de la Luz , Matres Victoria , Mena Baladés Jesus Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStainless steel has proved to be an important material to be used in a wide range of applications. For this reason, ensuring the durability of this alloy is essential. In this work, pitting corrosion behaviour of EN 1.4404 stainless steel is evaluated in marine environment in order to develop a model capable of predicting its pitting corrosion status by an automatic way. Although electrochemical techniques and microscopic analysis have been shown to be very useful tools for corrosion studies, these techniques may present some limitationus. With the aim to solve these drawbacks, a three-step model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proposed. The results reveal that the model can be used to predict pitting corrosion status of this alloy with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity with no need to resort to electrochemical tests or microscopic analysis. Therefore, the proposed model becomes a useful tool to predict the behaviour of the material against pitting corrosion in saline environment automatically.
Multi-objective approach for a combined heat and power geothermal plant optimization
Authors: Marty Fabien , Sochard Sabine , Serra Sylvain , Reneaume Jean-Michel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the simultaneous optimization of the design and operation in nominal conditions of a geothermal plant where the geothermal fluid is split into two streams to feed an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and a District Heating Network (DHN). The topology of the DHN is also investigated. A Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) optimization problem is formulated and solved using the GAMS software in order to determine the ORC sizing and the DHN topology. In this study, only R-245fa is used as ORC working fluid, an optional Internal Heat Exchanger (IHE) is considered in the ORC and consumers in DHN can be definite or optional. A multi-objective optimization is performed by maximizing the annual net profit and minimizing the total exergy losses in the plant. The weighted sum of objective functions is used to solve the problem. By varying the weight factor, a Pareto front is obtained and the distance to the ideal, but infeasible, solution enabled to choose the best compromise. Four different DHN topologies are observed depending on the weight factor. Using a suitable criterion to make a decision, the selected configuration corresponds to the most expanded DHN with the smallest value of profit. A sensitive analysis shows that, in case of lower geothermal temperature, it is possible to obtain a unique DHN topology whatever the weight factor.
Geometric and spectral estimates based on spectral Ricci curvature assumptions
Authors: Carron Gilles , Rose Christian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We obtain a Bonnet–Myers theorem under a spectral condition: a closed Riemannian

(

M
n

,
g
)

{(M^{n},g)}

manifold for which the lowest eigenvalue of the Ricci tensor ρ is such that the Schrödinger operator

Δ
+

(

n
-
2

)

⁢
ρ

{\Delta+(n-2)\rho}

is positive has finite fundamental group. Further, as a continuation of our earlier results, we obtain isoperimetric inequalities from Kato-type conditions on the Ricci curvature. We also obtain the Kato condition for the Ricci curvature under purely geometric assumptions.
On classes of functions of many-valued logic with minimal logarithmic growth rate
Authors: Komkov Stepan A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe obtain a criterion for the minimal logarithmic growth rate for an arbitrary set with a given set of operations defined on it, i.e., we describe all finite sets A with operations on them such that the growth rate differs by at most a constant from the logarithmic growth rate to base ∣A∣.
Exploring the potential of pyrazoline containing molecules as Aβ aggregation inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Khambete Mihir Pramod , Khare Lalit Pramod , Kapadia Akshay Bhupendra , Degani Mariam Sohel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease in which one of the most prominent pathological features is accumulation of amyloid (Aβ) plaques. This occurs due to the process of aggregation from monomeric to polymeric forms of Aβ peptide and thus represents one of the attractive targets to treat AD.

Methods
After initial evaluation of a set of molecules containing N-acetylpyrazoline moiety flanked by aromatic rings on both sides as Aβ aggregation inhibitors, the most potent molecules were further investigated for mechanistic insights. These were carried out by employing techniques such as circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in vitro PAMPA-BBB (Blood–Brain Barrier) assay and cytotoxicity evaluation.

Results
Two molecules among the exploratory set displayed Aβ aggregation inhibition comparable to standard curcumin. Among the follow-up molecules, several molecules displayed more inhibition than curcumin. These molecules displayed good inhibitory activity even at lower concentrations. CD and TEM confirmed the mechanism of Aβ aggregation. These molecules were found to alleviate Aβ induced cytotoxicity. BBB penetration studies highlighted the potential of these molecules to reach central nervous system (CNS).

Conclusions
Thus, several promising Aβ-aggregation inhibitors were obtained as a result of this study.
Smoothing theorems for Radon transforms over hypersurfaces and related operators
Authors: Greenblatt Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We extend the theorems of [M. Greenblatt,

L
p

L^{p}

Sobolev regularity of averaging operators over hypersurfaces and the Newton polyhedron,
J. Funct. Anal. 276 2019, 5, 1510–1527] on

L
p

{L^{p}}

to

L
s
p

{L^{p}_{s}}

Sobolev improvement for translation invariant Radon and fractional singular Radon
transforms over hypersurfaces, proving

L
p

{L^{p}}

to

L
s
q

{L^{q}_{s}}

boundedness results for such operators. Here

q
≥
p

{q\geq p}

but s can
be positive, negative, or zero. For many such operators we will have a triangle

Z
⊂

(
0
,
1
)

×

(
0
,
1
)

×
ℝ

{Z\subset(0,1)\times(0,1)\times{\mathbb{R}}}

such that one has

L
p

{L^{p}}

to

L
s
q

{L^{q}_{s}}

boundedness for

(

1
p

,

1
q

,
s
)

{({1\over p},{1\over q},s)}

beneath Z, and in the case of Radon transforms one does not have

L
p

{L^{p}}

to

L
s
q

{L^{q}_{s}}

boundedness for

(

1
p

,

1
q

,
s
)

{({1\over p},{1\over q},s)}

above the plane containing Z, thereby providing a Sobolev space improvement result which is sharp up to endpoints for

(

1
p

,

1
q

)

{({1\over p},{1\over q})}

below Z. This triangle Z intersects the plane

{

(

x
1

,

x
2

,

x
3

)

:

x
3

=
0

}

{\{(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3}):x_{3}=0\}}

, and
therefore we also have an

L
p

{L^{p}}

to

L
q

{L^{q}}

improvement result that is also sharp up to endpoints for certain ranges of p and q.
The Panel on Household Finances (PHF) – Microdata on household wealth in Germany
Authors: Altmann Kristina , Bernard René , Le Blanc Julia , Gabor-Toth Enikö , Hebbat Malik , Kothmayr Lisa , Schmidt Tobias , Tzamourani Panagiota , Werner Daniel , Zhu Junyi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Panel on Household Finances (PHF) has established itself as one of the leading sources of microdata on households’ wealth in Germany since its inception in 2010. Over the last ten years, more than 7,583 households have participated in the surveys in 2010–11, 2014 and 2017, many of them taking part more than once (3,734 households). This paper provides an overview of the contents, main methodological aspects and use of the PHF data. It also highlights differences to other surveys and addresses how the survey may develop in the future.
Asymptotic behavior of solutions of half-linear differential equations and generalized Karamata functions
Authors: Takaŝi Kusano , Manojlović Jelena V. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study the asymptotic behavior of eventually positive solutions
of the second-order half-linear differential equation

(

p
⁢

(
t
)

⁢

|

x
′

|

α

⁢

sgn
⁡

x
′

)

′

+

q
⁢

(
t
)

⁢

|
x
|

α

⁢

sgn
⁡
x

=
0

,

(p(t)\lvert x^{\prime}\rvert^{\alpha}\operatorname{sgn}x^{\prime})^{\prime}+q(%
t)\lvert x\rvert^{\alpha}\operatorname{sgn}x=0,

where q is a continuous function which may take both positive and negative values in any neighborhood of infinity and
p is a positive continuous function satisfying one of the conditions

∫
a
∞

d
⁢
s

p
⁢

(
s
)

1
/
α

=

∞

or

∫
a
∞

d
⁢
s

p
⁢

(
s
)

1
/
α

<
∞

.

\int_{a}^{\infty}\frac{ds}{p(s)^{1/\alpha}}=\infty\quad\text{or}\quad\int_{a}^%
{\infty}\frac{ds}{p(s)^{1/\alpha}}<\infty.

The asymptotic formulas for generalized regularly varying solutions are established using the Karamata theory of regular variation.