bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical approach and treatment for the orifice of a pyriform sinus fistula: a case report and literature review
Authors: Tatekawa Yukihiro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A 4-year-old girl underwent an open-neck surgical procedure for a recurrent pyriform sinus fistula (PSF). A catheter could not be inserted through the endoscope into the opening of the fistula. An open-neck surgical procedure with coring out of the fistula stained with a dye revealed that the fistula was missed near the upper lobe of the left thyroid. A guide wire was successfully inserted via the endoscope into the fistula, and the wire was gripped with forceps under fluoroscopic guidance and removed. As a modification of the surgical approach and treatment for the orifice of the PSF, a catheter was exchanged through the guide wire, and a nylon thread was passed into the catheter. The tip of the nylon thread from the oral side was fastened and fixed to a gauze ball. After removing the nylon thread, the orifice of the sinus fistula was recognized and sutured. She was discharged uneventfully and has done well without a postoperative recurrence for 12 months.
The Diachronic Spanish Sonnet Corpus: TEI and linked open data encoding, data distribution, and metrical findings
Authors: Ruiz Fabo Pablo , Bermúdez Sabel Helena , Martínez Cantón Clara , González-Blanco Elena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHow has the sonnet form in Spanish evolved over the centuries? What is the distribution of metrical patterns and combinations thereof, considering diachronic, geographical, and social factors? What rhyme schemes are favoured in different periods and regions? How is enjambment distributed within the sonnet? Providing quantitative answers to such questions requires a corpus spanning several centuries, annotated for the relevant literary features and containing author metadata. The absence of appropriate digital resources to undertake a macroanalytic study of the evolution of the sonnet in Spanish led us to create the Diachronic Spanish Sonnet Corpus. This article presents how the corpus was designed for providing quantitative evidence on the evolution of sonnets in Spanish, and our findings regarding metrics and enjambment. The corpus contains 4,085 sonnets by 1,204 Spanish and Latin American authors (15th to 19th centuries), encoded in TEI, with RDFa attributes. The corpus aims at breadth, including many peripheral authors besides some major ones. Author metadata were encoded (dates, origin, gender). Scansion and enjambment were annotated automatically, with the ADSO and ANJA tools. The range of authors and periods, the use of TEI and RDFa for interoperability, and the combination of metrical and enjambment annotations goes beyond previously available digital resources. The corpus allowed us to examine the evolution of metrical patterns and their combinations after the Golden Age, complementing earlier studies. We also observed an increase in enjambment across the tercets in the 19th century, which may indicate increased variety in the discourse organization of sonnets in the period.
Supernova host galaxies in the dark energy survey: I. Deep coadds, photometry, and stellar masses
Authors: Wiseman P , Smith M , Childress M , Kelsey L , Möller A , Gupta R R , Swann E , Angus C R , Brout D , Davis T M , Foley R J , Frohmaier C , Galbany L , Gutiérrez C P , Inserra C , Kessler R , Lewis G F , Lidman C , Macaulay E , Nichol R C , Pursiainen M , Sako M , Scolnic D , Sommer N E , Sullivan M , Tucker B E , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Avila S , Bertin E , Brooks D , Buckley-Geer E , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carollo D , Carrasco Kind M , da Costa L N , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Eifler T F , Everett S , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Gill M S S , Glazebrook K , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Hartley W G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lima M , Maia M A G , March M , Martini P , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Romer A K , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Serrano S , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , Tucker D L , Varga T N , Walker A R , Wilkinson R D ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The 5-yr Dark Energy Survey Supernova Programme (DES-SN) is one of the largest and deepest transient surveys to date in terms of volume and number of supernovae. Identifying and characterizing the host galaxies of transients plays a key role in their classification, the study of their formation mechanisms, and the cosmological analyses. To derive accurate host galaxy properties, we create depth-optimized coadds using single-epoch DES-SN images that are selected based on sky and atmospheric conditions. For each of the five DES-SN seasons, a separate coadd is made from the other four seasons such that each SN has a corresponding deep coadd with no contaminating SN emission. The coadds reach limiting magnitudes of order ∼27 in g band, and have a much smaller magnitude uncertainty than the previous DES-SN host templates, particularly for faint objects. We present the resulting multiband photometry of host galaxies for samples of spectroscopically confirmed type Ia (SNe Ia), core-collapse (CCSNe), and superluminous (SLSNe) as well as rapidly evolving transients (RETs) discovered by DES-SN. We derive host galaxy stellar masses and probabilistically compare stellar-mass distributions to samples from other surveys. We find that the DES spectroscopically confirmed sample of SNe Ia selects preferentially fewer high-mass hosts at high-redshift compared to other surveys, while at low redshift the distributions are consistent. DES CCSNe and SLSNe hosts are similar to other samples, while RET hosts are unlike the hosts of any other transients, although these differences have not been disentangled from selection effects.
Duality rules for more mixed-symmetry potentials
Authors: Sakatani Yuho 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
$T$ - and $S$-duality rules among the gauge potentials in type II supergravities are studied. In particular, by following the approach of [J. J. Fernández-Melgarejo et al., arXiv:1909.01335], we determine the $T$- and $S$-duality rules for certain mixed-symmetry potentials, which couple to supersymmetric branes with tension $T\propto g_s^{-n}$ ($n\leq 4$). Although the $T$-duality rules are rather intricate, we find a certain redefinition of potentials which considerably simplifies the duality rules. After the redefinition, potentials are identified with components of the $T$-duality-covariant potentials, which have been predicted by the $E_{11}$ conjecture. Since our approach is based on $U$-duality, we can also determine the 11D uplifts of the mixed-symmetry potential, unlike the $T$-duality-covariant approach known in the literature. We also study the field strengths of the mixed-symmetry potentials.
Recent clinical trials in valvular heart diseases
Authors: Goel Sunny , Ro Richard , Lerakis Stamatios , Khera Sahil 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
In recent years, no other field of cardiology has experienced a greater influx of transformational therapeutic options as valvular heart disease. The present review discusses the landmark trials published in the last 18 months that have shaped the modern day management of valvular heart diseases.

Recent findings
There have been several landmark trials in recent years, which have expanded the indications for transcatheter aortic valve replacement to low-risk surgical patients and the use of MitraClip for patients with functional mitral regurgitation. Options for transcatheter management of right-sided valvular disease also continue to evolve, including promising results from early feasibility studies.

Summary
The development of novel transcatheter therapies for valvular heart disease has expanded the armamentarium of physicians treating patients with valvular heart disease. The present review will focus on the recent (within 2 years) trials in this field of interest.
Redefining vision assessment
Authors: Brown Colin E. , Waring George O. , Rocha Karolinne M. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
This review outlines ophthalmic diagnostic systems, which objectively evaluates the human visual system and its potential beyond that of Snellen acuity.

Recent findings
Advances in ophthalmic diagnostic systems have allowed for a deeper understanding of the optical principles of the human eye and have created the opportunity to evolve our current standards of vision assessment beyond Snellen acuity charts. Definitive comparative and validation trials will continue to be necessary in order for these advanced diagnostics to gain more widespread acceptance in the specialty, in addition to providing the guidance on the specific indications and utilities.

Summary
Advancements in wavefront analysis, light scatter measurements, and adaptive optics technologies can provide greater insight into an individual optical system's potential and irregularities. Modalities that test for anterior corneal surface and whole eye aberrations, light scatter and contrast sensitivity can be an excellent educational tool for our patients to help them better understand their visual dysfunction and can prove useful for medical or surgical decision-making.
Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis After Surgery of a Mandibular Fracture
Authors: Badri Amir Ali , Hasheminasab Mahboube Sadat , Bolandparva Farzaneh 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is a rapid progressing and potentially fatal infection of connective tissues that spreads along the fascial planes. It commonly develops from odontogenic sources. In this article, the authors present a case of CNF which was developed after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a mandibular fracture.

Clinical case:
A 19-year-old male patient with no past medical history was admitted due to a mandibular fracture. Following ORIF surgery, on third post-operative day, Physical examination revealed extensive cervical swelling extending from submandibular to suprasternal area, with tender and erythematous skin. Soon after confirmation of CNF diagnosis, surgical debridement and wide spectrum antibiotic therapy was performed. The residual soft tissue defect was reconstructed following infection subsidence.

Conclusion:
Our study aims to highlight the risk of CNF development during postoperative period of a simple mandibular fracture ORIF surgery which is considered a routine maxillofacial procedure. Early detection and adequate emergency treatment including immediate surgical intervention are critical in the management of these patients.
Mini-invasive Surgery and Parastomal Hernia: Higher Frequency and No Prophylactic Mesh Effect
Authors: Lambrecht Jan R. 
Published: May 2020

Aim:
Parastomal hernia (PSH) is very common. Recent reports suggest increased frequency after laparoscopic stoma formation compared with open surgery. A retrospective chart review was designed to appraise the outcomes regarding PSH in open and in laparoscopic procedures.

Materials and Methods:
All patients operated by rectal resection and planned end-colostomy in the period from 2004 to 2018 were reviewed. A total of 70 open and 101 laparoscopic operations were identified. A modified retromuscular mesh application through the trephine was used for the prevention of PSH in 42% of patients in the laparoscopic group.

Results:
The median follow-up was 58 (1 to 167) months in the open group and 43 (0 to 153) months in the laparoscopic group. Patient characteristics were evenly distributed between the groups, except for more male patients and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists Score as well as higher rates of patients with neoadjuvant treatment and mesh prophylaxis, in the laparoscopic group. Clinical PSH occurrences were 2 (3%) in the open group and 18 (18%) in the laparoscopic group (P=0.00). Propensity-weighted analysis estimates increased odds ratio (OR) for PSH in the laparoscopic group [OR=11.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-96.6]. PSH repair rates were 0 in the open group and 6/18 (33%) in the laparoscopic group. Mesh prophylaxis in the laparoscopic group did not influence PSH outcome (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 0.5-4.0). Computed tomography scans were assessable in 48 and 66 patients, with median follow-up timepoints of 42 and 30 months in the open and laparoscopic groups, respectively, and 8 (18%) and 21 patients (32%) were diagnosed with PSH. Computed tomography assessment implied an increased risk for PSH in laparoscopy (OR=3.5; 95% CI: 1.1-11.9). Aggregate of chart and computed tomography occurrence of PSH showed an equivalent hazard (OR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.1-9.5).

Interpretations:
Laparoscopic operations with stoma formation seem to have an increased rate of PSH in comparison with open operations and the results support previous claims. Retromuscular keyhole mesh placement may not be the ideal method of PSH prevention in laparoscopic stoma formation.
Laparoscopic Splenic Vessels and Spleen Preservation Distal Pancreatectomy Via Inferior-Posterior Splenic Vein Approach
Authors: Liao Ting Kai , Wang Chih-Jung , Su Ping-Jui , Lui Wei-Hsun , Chao Ying Jui , Sy Edgar D. , Shan Yan-Shen 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Preservation of splenic vessels can minimize the risks of splenic infarction and gastric varices in laparoscopic spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy. A well-established procedure would provide high splenic vessels and spleen preservation rate. This study evaluated the outcomes and depending factors of laparoscopic splenic vessels and spleen preservation distal pancreatectomy (LsvspDP) via inferior-posterior splenic vein approach.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent LsvspDP via inferior-posterior splenic vein approach in National Cheng-Kung University Hospital from February 2009 to June 2019. The clinic-pathologic data were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome of this study was the learning curve based on the cumulative sum analysis. The secondary outcomes were to evaluate the critical factors for the failure of splenic vessels and spleen preservation.

Results:
During the study period, a total of 64 patients received LsvspDP attempt. Splenic vessels were successfully preserved in 49 patients and the overall spleen preservation rate was 76.6%. According to cumulative sum analysis, the learning curve of LsvspDP was the 33rd case and several plateaus were observed during the learning curve phase. Old age (P=0.001), tail location (P=0.038), and large tumor (P=0.01) were independent risk factors of failed splenic vessels preservation, whereas the cut-off point of tumor size for prediction of spleen preservation was 5.4 cm. The complication rates were 7.8%, 7.8%, and 12.5% for Clavien grade I, II, and III, respectively, and 0% for Clavien grade IV or V. The rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula-grade B was 14.8%, among which the tail location was lower than the nontail location (0% vs. 24.3%; P=0.008). The mean value of operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay were 198±67 minutes, 139±242 mL, and 8.5±5.6 days, respectively.

Conclusions:
In LsvspDP, the inferior-posterior splenic vein approach resulted in high splenic vessels and spleen preservation rate. Thirty-three patients were required to overcome the learning curve. Old age, tail location, and large tumor size were independent factors for the failure of splenic vessels preservation, whereas the cut-off value for tumor size was 5.4 cm to predict splenic vessels preservation.
Safety and Efficacy of Through-the-Scope Placement of Colonic Self-expandable Metal Stents Without Fluoroscopic Guidance: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhang Xie , Kang Jinyu , Zhang Xuesong , Song Yufei 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Colonic self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) are usually placed through an endoscope under fluoroscopic guidance. In this retrospective study, we measured the safety and efficacy of through-the-scope colonic stent placement without fluoroscopic guidance.

Materials and Methods:
We included consecutive patients with malignant colonic obstruction who underwent SEMS placement through the endoscope without fluoroscopic guidance (NF group) from 2016 to June 2019 in a single tertiary medical center. Technical and clinical success rates and complication rates were compared with those of a historical control group consisting of consecutive patients who underwent stent placement through the endoscope under fluoroscopic guidance (F group) from 2012 to 2015.

Results:
Of 136 patients analyzed, 67 were in the NF group and 69 were in the F group. For the NF and F groups, technical success rates were 97.0% and 95.7%, respectively (P=0.763); clinical success rates were 92.5% and 89.9%, respectively (P=0.581). Major complications included perforation (NF group, 1.5%; F group, 1.4%), stent migration (NF group, 0; F group, 1.4%), and stent occlusion (NF group, 1.5%; F group, 2.9%) (P=0.425). The median procedure time was significantly lower in the NF group (25.90±18.68 min) than in the F group (44.23±20.40 min) (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Colonic SEMS placement without fluoroscopy is as safe and effective as the conventional fluoroscopically guided approach. This new method significantly reduced the procedure time.
St George’s COVID shield for use by ENT surgeons performing tracheostomies
Authors: Brar Sabrina , Daya Jahan , Schuster-Bruce James , Krishna Sanjeev , Daya Hamid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHealthcare workers are at increased risk of exposure to COVID-19. The majority of cases are acquired through inhalation of infected respiratory particles, contamination with infected surfaces or whilst performing aerosol-generating procedures. Basic infection prevention measures are essential to protect healthcare workers from contracting the disease when managing patients; consequently global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) has exceeded supply in many regions. We present a novel, innovative polycarbonate shield designed for ENT clinicians performing tracheostomies. Clinical investigations using the shield demonstrated a sixteen-fold decrease in the number of particles detected at the position of the operating surgeon when the shield was used (particle size 0.3μm; with shield 27,000 versus 439,000 without shield). The shield, used with appropriate PPE, could therefore help to minimise exposure to aerosol generated particles such as during tracheostomies on patients with COVID-19.
The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from epidemiological data and SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing
Authors: Xavier Joilson , Giovanetti Marta , Adelino Talita , Fonseca Vagner , da Costa Alana Vitor Barbosa , Ribeiro Adriana Aparecida , Felicio Katlin Nascimento , Duarte Clara Guerra , Silva Marcos Vinicius Ferreira , Salgado Álvaro , Lima Mauricio Teixeira , Jesus Ronaldo de , Fabri Allison , Zoboli Cristiane Franco Soares , Santos Thales Gutemberg Souza , Iani Felipe , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo , de Siqueira Marilda Agudo Mendonça Teixeira , de Abreu André Luiz , de Azevedo Vasco , Ramalho Dario Brock , de Albuquerque Carlos F. Campelo , de Oliveira Tulio , Holmes Edward C. , Lourenço José , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Oliveira Marluce Aparecida Assunção 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recent emergence of a previously unknown coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), first confirmed in the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019, has caused serious public health and economic issues due to its rapid dissemination worldwide. Although 61,888 confirmed cases had been reported in Brazil by 28 April 2020, little was known about the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the country. To better understand the recent epidemic in the second most populous state in southeast Brazil (Minas Gerais, MG), we looked at existing epidemiological data from 3 states and sequenced 40 complete genomes from MG cases using Nanopore. We found evidence of multiple independent introductions from outside MG, both from genome analyses and the overly dispersed distribution of reported cases and deaths. Epidemiological estimates of the reproductive number using different data sources and theoretical assumptions all suggest a reduction in transmission potential since the first reported case, but potential for sustained transmission in the near future. The estimated date of introduction in Brazil was consistent with epidemiological data from the first case of a returning-traveler from Lombardy, Italy. These findings highlight the unique reality of MG’s epidemic and reinforce the need for real-time and continued genomic surveillance strategies as a way of understanding and therefore preparing against the epidemic spread of emerging viral pathogens.
Differential effects of socio-demographic factors on maternal haemoglobin concentration in three sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Amugsi Dickson A. , Dimbuene Zacharie T. , Kyobutungi Catherine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of socio-demographic factors on maternal haemoglobin (Hb) at different points of the conditional distribution of Hb concentration.MethodsWe analysed the Demographic and Health Surveys data from Ghana, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Mozambique, using Hb concentration of mothers aged 15-49 years as an outcome of interest. We utilise quantile regression to estimate the effects of the socio-demographic factors across specific points of the maternal Hb concentration.ResultsThe results showed crucial differences in the effects of socio-demographic factors along the conditional distribution of Hb concentration. In Ghana, maternal education had a positive effect on Hb concentration in the 5thand 10thquantiles. The positive effect of education on maternal Hb concentration occurred across all quantiles in Mozambique, with the largest effect at the lowest quantile (5th) and the smallest effect at the highest quantile (90th). In contrast, maternal education had a negative effect on the Hb concentration of mothers in the 50th, 75thand 90thquantiles in DRC. Maternal body mass index (BMI) had a positive effect on Hb concentration of mothers in the 5th, 10th, 50thand 90th, and 5thto 50thquantiles in Ghana and Mozambique, respectively. Breastfeeding had a significant positive effect on Hb concentration across all countries, with the largest effect on Hb concentration of mothers in the lower quantiles. All the household wealth indices had positive effects on maternal Hb concentration across quantiles in Mozambique, with the largest effect among mothers in the upper quantiles. However, in Ghana, living in a poor wealth index was inversely related with Hb concentration of mothers in the 5thand 10thquantiles.ConclusionsOur results showed that the effects of socio-demographic factors on maternal Hb concentration vary along its distribution. Interventions to address maternal anaemia should take these variations into account to identify the most vulnerable groups.What this study addsQuantile regression can be used effectively to analyse anaemia dataSocio-demographic factors have differential effects on Hb at different points of its distributionInterpreting results based on the mean effect (as in OLS) only provides a partial pictureBreastfeeding has positive effect on maternal Hb concentrationThe use of multicountry data revealed differences and commonalities between countries