bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo-EM of PMEL Amyloids Reveals Pathogenic Mechanism of Pigment Dispersion Syndrome.
Authors: Oda Toshiyuki , Yanagisawa Haruaki , Arai Harumi , Miyazawa Hideyuki , Kikkawa Masahide 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

PMEL amyloids provide a vital scaffold for melanin deposition in melanosomes, playing a central role in pigmentation. Despite their importance, the high-resolution structure of PMEL amyloids has remained elusive. Here, we determined near-atomic resolution structures of wild-type PMEL amyloids using cryo-electron microscopy, revealing two distinct polymorphic forms with unique structural features. We further examined the pathogenic G175S mutation linked to pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS). Structural analysis showed that the G175S mutation introduces an additional hydrogen bond, stabilizing a novel fibril conformation. In vitro assays demonstrated a fourfold increase in polymerization efficiency for the G175S mutant compared to the wild-type. This enhanced polymerization correlated with a ~70% increase in secreted amyloids in G175S-expressing cells without detectable changes in melanosome morphology or number. These findings suggest that the G175S mutation promotes amyloidogenesis within melanosomes, increasing amyloid load and contributing to PDS pathophysiology. This study provides insights into the molecular basis of PMEL amyloid formation in both physiological and pathological contexts, offering new perspectives on their structural diversity and dysregulation in pigmentation disorders.
The Products of Aziz Gardi and their Reflect Ions in Academic Research: for Example, Doctoral thesis of the Kurdish Literature Field of the University of Salahaddin (1996-2023)
Authors: Pshtiwan Asaad Kareem  , Shakawan Farhad Mohammed  
Published: December 2024

Scientific production and its reuse as a source in other scientific works are important and valuable. The products and scientific works of Dr. Aziz Gardi have their own values and significance in the Kurdish library, andas the source is based on and depends on in the academic research process. From this point on، we have given the title of the research as: "The products of Aziz Gardi and their reflectionsin academic research. For exampledoctoral thesis of the Kurdish literature field of the University of Salah al-Din (1996-2023), in order to show the balance of his works and products. Moreover, the scope of this research is withinthe framework of the doctoral thesis in the field of literature at the University of Salah al-Din/ Erbil, and they were taken as examples between 1996 and 2023. The main task of this research is to show and identify Aziz Gardi’s products such as books, writings, researches (master’s and doctoral thesis), preparation and explanation, translation and its reflection in academic letters. Furthermore, this research would have answer to these questions: How did the products reflect? What products were used and which one had been used the most? Which pages were most used? And what are the rates? To do the task correctly and issue the rate, Descriptive-Statistical method has been followed.
Mitigating biofouling of polyamide thin-film composite RO membrane modified with AgNPs and pSBMA: an evaluation close to the actual SWRO desalination application scenario
Authors: Li Kexin , Song Lei , Liu Xiaowei , Wang Lili 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The long-term sustainability of beneficial effects resulting from the modification of polyamide thin-film composite (PATFC) membranes with zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in real-world application scenarios remains uncertain. This study used response surface methodology and innovative anti-biofouling evaluation method to optimize the conditions for AgNP- and pSBMA-co-modified PATFC membranes, with reverse osmosis seawater desalination as the test application scenario. A 180-day continuous seawater treatment test was conducted to evaluate the long-term sustainability of anti-biofouling resistance. Results indicated that loading AgNPs before grafting pSBMA enhanced their stability during use and cleaning. Co-modification under optimal conditions led to a 6.3% improvement in membrane flux reduction over long-term operation. The effect of AgNPs was significant for 30 days, while pSBMA remained effective until the end of the test. Water contact angle measurements, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and quorum sensing signal molecule analysis revealed anti-bioflouling improvements due to the hydration layer and electrostatic barrier from pSBMA, as well as quorum sensing inhibition and disinfection from AgNPs. These findings confirm the discount effectiveness and feasibility of the pSBMA and AgNPs co-modification technique during long working time, offering valuable insights into modification operations and anti-biofouling mechanisms.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Stand-Off of Directional Measurement While Drilling (MWD) Instrument With Barrel
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Pan Feifan , Pan Yufei , Tian Bohui 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
Firstly, the mapping relationship between the make-up torque and the axial
preload of directional Measurement While Drilling (MWD) instruments was obtained. Next, the
influence of thread joint stand-off deviation on their conversion relationship was studied. Finally,
the make-up work of the instrument was guided effectively.

Aims:
This patent research aims to investigate the make-up process of the MWD instruments and the impact of stand-off.

Methods:
The experiment was designed to map the relationship between the make-up torque and
axial pre-tightening force of the directional MWD instrument with a barrel. The influence of the
thread joint stand-off deviation on the said relationship was studied.

Results:
Test results have shown that the relationship between the make-up torque and the axial
preloading force is nonlinear. Further, in the American Petroleum Institute (API) standard, the relationship
between the two is defined as linear, increasing the effect of preloading within the high
torque range.

Conclusion:
For identical make-up torques, the threaded joint with positive stand-off produced a
smaller axial preloading force compared to its counterpart with negative stand-off. However, a
large enough make-up torque reduced the influence of the threaded joint stand-off deviation on
the make-up torque-axial preloading force.
Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanisms of P-hydroxylcinnamaldehyde for Treating Gastric Cancer: A Pharmacological Perspective with Experimental Confirmation
Authors: Fatima Sumaya , Song Yanru , Zhang Zhe , Fu Yuhui , Zhao Ruinian , Malik Khansa , Zhao Lianmei 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Momordica cochinchinensis is a dried and mature seed of Cucurbitaceae plants, which has the effect of dispersing nodules, detumescence,
attacking poison, and treating sores, and is used in the treatment of tumors in the clinic. P-hydroxylcinnamaldehyde (CMSP) is an ethanol extract
of cochinchina momordica seed (CMS). Our previous studies have found that CMSP is an effective anti-tumor component with good anti-tumor
effects on melanoma and esophageal tumors. However, the inhibitory effect of CMSP on gastric cancer (GC) and its potential mechanism remain
to be further elucidated.

Methods:
First, we utilized network pharmacology to predict potential targets and mechanisms of action for the treatment of GC. Subsequently, a series of
biological function experiments were conducted to assess the effects of CMSP on the proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells in vitro. To elucidate
the molecular mechanism of CMSP, bioinformatics and high-efficiency liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) were
employed for analysis. Additionally, a resistant cell line of the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel for GC was established, and the impact of 10μg/mL
CMSP on the sensitivity of GC-resistant cells was examined.

Results:
The network pharmacology results demonstrated that the active components of CMS exert an anti-GC effect through multi-target and multipathway
mechanisms. The main pathways involved included the PI3K/Akt pathway, p53 signaling pathway, multi-species apoptosis pathway, as
well as ADRB2 and CAV1 genes. Cell experiments revealed that CMSP can effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of GC cells
in vitro. However, it did not show any sensitizing effect on paclitaxel-resistant cells. Importantly, CMSP exhibited no toxic or side effects on
normal gastric epithelial cells. Furthermore, differential protein expression patterns following CMSP treatment were elucidated using HPLCMS/
MS and western blot analysis, highlighting its role in regulating apoptosis signaling pathways.

Conclusion:
Our study presents novel evidence regarding pertinent potential target genes and signaling pathways through which CMSP mediates its anti-GC
effects, with a particular emphasis on its role in modulating apoptotic signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings underscore the promising
candidacy of CMSP as a therapeutic agent for GC that merits further investigation in clinical contexts.
Network Pharmacology and Optimization of β-Sitosterol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Using Box-Behnken Design for Enhanced Solubility and Sustained Drug Release in Diabetes
Authors: Aslam Ramsha , Tiwari Varsha , Upadhyay Prashant , Tiwari Abhishek 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
The pharmaceutical industry has paid a lot of attention to solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLN) because they show promising drug delivery vehicles.

Method:
This work aimed to design and optimize the SLN of β-sitosterol, a hydrophobic drug, to
improve solubility and sustained action. An ultrasonication technique after melting was used to design
SLN using a randomized response surface Box-Behnken design (BBD). Network pharmacology
analysis was performed to explore the interactions between genes. According to the findings,
Compritol ATO 888 was the most soluble at a drug: lipid ratio of 1:3. Particle size, PDI, zeta, and
entrapment efficiency (EE) were observed as 168.83nm, 0.231 -28.9 Mv, and 68.29%, respectively.
The optimized formulation did not undergo any chemical changes, as depicted through DSC. The in
vitro drug release investigation showed that the SLN released the drug continuously for 28 hours.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed homogenous, spherical particles.

Result:
The antidiabetic potential of the formulation was assessed through the potential of glucose
uptake by yeast, and the α-amylase inhibitory assay revealed its significant antidiabetic potential
when compared with that of the standard drug metformin. The network pharmacology of β-sitosterol
demonstrated gene interaction with hexokinase, phosphoglucomutases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,
hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione disulfide reductase.

Conclusion:
The β-sitosterol-loaded SLN generated by BBD was found to be a potential method for
improving drug solubility with sustained drug release and was found to be long-term storage stable.

result:
The optimized SLN formulation exhibited a particle size of 168.83nm, PDI of 0.231, zeta potential of -28.9 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 68.29%. DSC analysis revealed no chemical changes in the formulation. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained release of β-sitosterol over 28 hours. SEM images depicted homogenous, spherical particles. Assessment of antidiabetic potential indicated significant activity compared to the standard drug Metformin. Network pharmacology analysis revealed gene interactions involving various enzymes related to glucose metabolism.
Comprehensive Analysis of Oversampling Techniques for Addressing Class Imbalance Employing Machine Learning Models
Authors: Rana Shivani , Kanji Rakesh , Jain Shruti 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Unbalanced datasets present a significant challenge in machine learning,
often leading to biased models that favor the majority class. Recent oversampling techniques
like SMOTE, Borderline SMOTE, and ADASYN attempt to mitigate these issues. This
study investigates these techniques in conjunction with machine learning models like SVM,
Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression. The results reveal critical challenges such as noise
amplification and overfitting, which we address by refining the oversampling approaches to
improve model performance and generalization.

Aim:
In order to address this challenge of unbalanced datasets, the minority class is
oversampled to accommodate the majority class. Oversampling techniques such SMOTE (Synthetic
Minority Oversampling Technique), Borderline SMOTE and ADASYN (Adaptive Synthetic
Sampling) are used in this work.

Objective:
To perform the comprehensive analysis of various oversampling methods for taking
acre of class imbalance issue using ML methods.

Method:
The proposed methodology uses BERT technique which removes the pre-processing
step. Various proposed oversampling techniques in the literature are used for balancing the data,
followed by feature extraction followed by text classification using ML algorithms.
Experiments are performed using ML classification algorithms like Decision tree (DT),
Logistic regression (LR), Support vector machine (SVM) and Random forest (RF) for
categorizing the data.

Result:
The results show improvement corresponding SVM using Borderline SMOTE,
resulting in an accuracy of 71.9% and MCC value of 0.53.

Conclusion:
The suggested method assists in the evolution of fairer and more effective
ML models by addressing this basic issue of class imbalance.
Home Automated Telemanagement System for Individualized Exercise Programs: Design and Usability Evaluation
Authors: Smiley Aref , Finkelstein Joseph 
Published: December 2024

Background
Exercise is essential for physical rehabilitation, helping to improve functional performance and manage chronic conditions. Telerehabilitation offers an innovative way to deliver personalized exercise programs remotely, enhancing patient adherence and clinical outcomes. The Home Automated Telemanagement (HAT) System, integrated with the interactive bike (iBikE) system, was designed to support home-based rehabilitation by providing patients with individualized exercise programs that can be monitored remotely by a clinical rehabilitation team.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the design, usability, and efficacy of the iBikE system within the HAT platform. We assessed the system’s ability to enhance patient adherence to prescribed exercise regimens while minimizing patient and clinician burden in carrying out the rehabilitation program.

Methods
We conducted a quasi-experimental study with 5 participants using a pre- and posttest design. Usability testing included 2 primary tasks that participants performed with the iBikE system. Task completion times, adherence to exercise protocols, and user satisfaction were measured. A System Usability Scale (SUS) was also used to evaluate participants’ overall experience. After an initial introduction, users performed the tasks independently following a 1-week break to assess retention of the system’s operation skills and its functionality.

Results
Task completion times improved substantially from the pretest to the posttest: execution time for task 1 reduced from a mean of 8.6 (SD 4.7) seconds to a mean of 1.8 (SD 0.8) seconds, and the time for task 2 decreased from a mean of 315 (SD 6.9) seconds to a mean of 303.4 (SD 1.1) seconds. Adherence to the prescribed cycling speed also improved, with deviations from the prescribed speed reduced from a mean of 6.26 (SD 1.00) rpm (revolutions per minute) to a mean of 4.02 (SD 0.82) rpm (t=3.305, n=5, P=.03). SUS scores increased from a mean of 92 (SD 8.6) to a mean of 97 (SD 3.3), indicating high user satisfaction and confidence in system usability. All participants successfully completed both tasks without any additional assistance during the posttest phase, demonstrating the system’s ease of use and effectiveness in supporting independent exercise.

Conclusions
The iBikE system, integrated into the HAT platform, effectively supports home-based telerehabilitation by enabling patients to follow personalized exercise prescriptions with minimal need for further training or supervision. The significant improvements in task performance and exercise adherence suggest that the system is well-suited for use in home-based rehabilitation programs, promoting sustained patient engagement and adherence to exercise regimens. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings and explore the long-term benefits of the system in broader patient populations.
World Environment Day 2024 Initiatives in Bayelsa State: Promoting Environmental Stewardship and Sustainable Practices - A Collaboration Between Federal University Otuoke, Niger Delta University, and the Nigerian Environmental Society
Authors: Augustus Eli Akayinaboderi , Agusomu Tano Dumoyei , Enyinnaya Okoro , Omidiji Adedoyin Oluwatoyin , Nicholas Digha Opaminola , Ojile Meshach Owho , Soberekon Ilemi Jennifer , Tonpagamo Tamuno Timipa , Gamage Igoniama Esau , Oyibo Charles , Bariweni Perekibina Anthony , Markmanuel Douye Parkinson , Olalekan Raimi Morufu 
Published: December 2024

Environmental degradation has emerged as a critical global issue, significantly impacting ecosystems and human health, particularly in low and middle-income countries like Nigeria. The need for comprehensive and sustainable environmental management practices is paramount to address these challenges effectively. This study aims to assess the current state of environmental degradation in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, and evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives undertaken during World Environment Day (WED) 2024 to promote environmental stewardship and sustainable practices. The study employed a mixed-method approach, including field observations, community surveys, and analysis of environmental data. Activities during WED 2024, such as tree planting, educational lectures, and site visits, were evaluated to determine their impact on raising environmental awareness and promoting sustainable practices. The activities conducted during WED 2024 significantly increased community awareness about environmental issues and the importance of sustainable practices. The planting of 500 native saplings contributed to combating deforestation and soil erosion, while educational lectures and site visits provided residents with practical knowledge and insights into environmental conservation. The initiatives undertaken during WED 2024 in Bayelsa State have laid a strong foundation for fostering a culture of environmental stewardship. By engaging the community and promoting sustainable practices, these efforts have set a positive precedent for future conservation activities, contributing to a more resilient and sustainable environment. To build on the success of these initiatives, it is recommended that the Bayelsa State Government enact stricter environmental laws and regulations. Increased environmental advocacy by the Nigerian Environmental Society and other stakeholders is crucial, along with adopting sustainable agricultural practices and improving waste management systems. This study highlights the critical role of community engagement and education in promoting environmental conservation. The findings demonstrate that targeted initiatives, such as those undertaken during WED 2024, can significantly enhance environmental awareness and drive sustainable practices, contributing to the overall resilience and sustainability of ecosystems in Bayelsa State and beyond.
Responding to the Call and Preparing for Ministry: The First Female Missionaries from Latvia
Authors: Ēce Kristīna 
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the diverse family and socio-economic backgrounds of the first female missionaries from Latvia (1896–1924), examining how these factors either facilitated or hindered their missionary endeavors. It highlights the more accessible paths for pastors’ daughters like Emma Elizabeth Seesemann and Anna Irbe, contrasted with the more challenging journeys of the orphan Auguste Vietnieka and Lilija Otīlija Grīviņa, a railway worker’s daughter. The author discusses the varying preparation methods of different denominational German mission societies, noting the informal language training for women and the faith-centric approach of the Liebenzell mission. Each missionary’s unique experience of responding to God’s call and their subsequent success in missions across India, Tanzania, China, and Indonesia is also considered in detail.
Functional Dyspepsia and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: From Pathogenesis to Current Treatment Strategies
Authors: Trukhmanov A. S. , Rumyantseva D. E. 
Published: December 2024

Aim: to present a modern view on the combination of functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to evaluate the effectiveness of acotiamide in patients with FD and GERD.Key points. The high frequency of the combination of FD and GERD is caused by common pathogenetic mechanisms and presents an urgent problem in clinical practice. The concurrent occurrence of these diseases alters the clinical picture, complicates differential diagnostics, and leads to inadequate prescription of drugs. Medical treatment for patients with FD and GERD includes the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and prokinetics. Currently, acotiamide is recognized as an effective drug that affects the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Acotiamide is an antagonist of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptors and a reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. The clinical efficacy of this drug has been demonstrated not only in patients with FD but also in those with a combination of FD and GERD.Conclusion. Administration of acotiamide is pathogenetically justified in patients with the combination of GERD and FD.