bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of the Euler Turbomachinery Equation and Analysis of the Impact of the Impeller Design on the Fan Performance by an Optimization Study
Authors: Fritsche Manuel , Epple Philipp , Gast Stefan , Delgado Antonio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The working machines such as fans, blowers and pumps are often used for transporting fluids in technical systems. The rotating impeller is used for energy conversion of mechanical work into hydraulic work. Leonhard Euler published this relation of energy conversion in 1752–1756 and is still used today for the basic design of turbomachinery.
In the present work, the Euler-Equation is described and presented in detail. Furthermore, a simplified parameterized blade channel of a centrifugal impeller is investigated with numerical simulation methods. The theoretical Euler-Equation is compared and validated with the numerical CFD-results. Based on an extensive CFD-optimization study, the impact of the impeller design parameters on the fan performance has been investigated. For this purpose, the blade shape and the operating conditions (speed and volume flow rate) were systematically varied.
After an extensive grid study, the influence of the blade channel contour on the fan performance was investigated. The results of the study are presented in detail.
Development of Vision-Based Control System for Mobile 3D Printer
Authors: Duan Pengji , Liu Yutong , Ding Junjun , Zhang Mingshao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The 3D printing technologies can produce objects with a very complex shape or geometry nowadays thanks to the advanced researches in their precision, repeatability, material ranges, etc. The size of 3D printed objects also varies. The Oak Ridge National Lab printed a 17.5 feet long, 5.5 feet wide and 1.5 feet tall tool for Boeing that weights 1,650 lbs. On the other hand, using Two Photon Polymerization, sub-μm structures can be produced. The majority of current 3D printers design resembles the traditional FDM 3D printer. The printer is stationary during the printing period, limiting the print zone by the size of the robots, regardless as to the printer designs (Cartesian, polar, delta or articulated robots). In addition, all current 3D printers work as stand-alone equipment, which prevents the possibility of further speeding up the fabrication by using multiple collaborating 3D printers.
Using mobile robots as a 3D printer could eliminate the size limit of the print zone and enable collaboration among different mobile robots to speed up the printing process. However, major problems are remaining unsolved in the current mobile 3D printer research, such as the precise localization of the robot, material slipping, accumulative printing error, etc. In this paper, a vision-based feedback control system is presented as a solution to these problems in mobile 3D printers. The system is equipped a single camera as sensory input. Using Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) methods, the mobile 3D printer could potentially achieve sub-millimeter accuracy for localization. The slipping and accumulative error could also be mediated using image processing and object recognition. The system also enables the possibility for multiple 3D printers to work simultaneously. It is believed that mobile 3D printers equipped with vision-based feedback control system could have a great potential in the future.
Applying Static Fault Detection and Diagnosis Methods to Transient Air Conditioning Data Using an Equilibrium Prediction
Authors: Rogers Austin , Guo Fangzhou , Rasmussen Bryan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fault detection and diagnosis methods for air conditioning systems typically apply static models after filtering out transient data using a steady state filter. However, air conditioning systems operating in the field often do not achieve a meaningful steady state and therefore the models cannot be applied because only transient data is available. This paper proposes a solution to this problem by predicting the equilibrium point using an exponential regression. The transient response of many system parameters such as cooling capacity, airflow, and refrigerant mass flow may be approximated as a first order dynamic response because the thermal mass in the system dominates other higher order dynamics. The best-fit for a decaying exponential will therefore yield a prediction for the equilibrium point, and static models may then be applied, thus enabling the use of static models with transient data. The method’s performance is quantified using both randomly generated data (Monte Carlo simulations) and the measured response of a field-operating system during both fault-free and faulty operation.
Effect of Photoactivated Cross-Linking Compound on Mechanical Properties of Porcine Carotid Arteries Post-Angioplasty
Authors: Mogharrabi Farshad , Kuhlenhoelter Jonathan , Anderson Blake , Kauser Katalin , Monson Kenneth 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is a medical procedure performed on patients with severe atherosclerosis to open up stenosed blood vessels by inflating a balloon at the narrowing location. In many cases of PTA, restenosis occurs post-surgery due either to elastic behavior of the artery, also known as elastic recoil in medical literature, or to plaque reformation within the lumen. For that reason, stents are commonly deployed to keep the arterial lumen open. Stent deployment causes problems in some cases; for example, the presence of stents in arteries with frequent movements and large deformations can cause ruptures in the arterial wall.
Recent studies on 1,8-Naphthalimide organic compounds have shown that when these compounds are activated using a certain wavelength of light, it causes cross-linking between the components of the extracellular matrix. This observation has led to studies with the goal of developing a method to utilize this process to replace stents for cases with limiting conditions for stent deployment.
In this study we focused on measuring and quantifying the effects of this compound on the mechanical properties of treated arteries undergoing PTA under a variety of loading conditions.
Fused Deposition Modeling With Added Vibrations: A Parametric Study on the Accuracy of Printed Parts
Authors: Dei Rossi Joseph , Keles Ozgur , Viswanathan Vimal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing is a potentially disruptive technology with a rapidly growing market. The recent development of RepRap style 3D printers has made this technology available to the public at a low cost. While these 3D printers are being used for a variety of purposes, many mechanical engineering students use them for prototyping in their projects. The quality of the 3D printed parts has been a concern in such cases. There are many variables within the operation of these printers that can be varied to obtain optimum print quality. This study explores the use of externally induced mechanical vibrations to the nozzle tip as a potential method to improve the quality of 3D printed parts. Induced vibration is expected to decrease the porosity of printed parts and improve the cohesion between print beads, ultimately improving their mechanical properties. The objective is to understand the positional accuracy of the prints with the added vibration and then to determine the optimum level of vibration to achieve best quality prints. For the study, the extruder filament is replaced with a pointed-tip pen that can mark the exact location where the printer delivers the material. A comparison between the locations marked by the pen with and without vibrations shows that the errors induced by the added vibration are not significantly different from those caused by the uncertainties of the printer itself. Further, this study also explores the optimum motor speeds to achieve a uniform distribution of material and determines medium motor speeds that provide maximum amplitude of vibration which are more desirable for a uniform infill.
Thermal Properties of Thin Film Uranium Oxides and Thorium Oxides
Authors: Thorum Aaron , Page Logan , Munro Troy , Allred David , Hua Zilong , Hurley David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Uranium and thorium oxides have critical roles as fuels in existing nuclear power plants, as well as in proposed reactor concepts. The thermal conductivity of these materials determines their ability to transfer heat from the reactor core to the surrounding coolant. Additionally, these actinide compounds are of interest in condensed matter physics because of the 5f orbitals and unique electron interaction, coupling, and scattering events that can occur. Because of the radioactivity of thorium and uranium, thin film measurements of actinide materials are used to limit the amount of operator exposure, but standard thermal characterization methods are not well suited for thin films. This paper presents the process of depositing thin film UOx and ThOx samples of nm-μm thicknesses and the results of thermal property measurements. Thin films were deposited on silicon and glass substrates via dc-magnetron sputtering using an argon/oxygen mixture as the working gas. The thermal properties of the films were measured by the Thermal Conductivity Microscope (TCM). This uses one laser to generate thermal waves and a second laser to measure the magnitude and phases of the thermal waves to obtain the conductivity of materials. The results of the research show that the UOx film properties are lower than bulk values and that the role of the substrate has a considerable effect on determining the measured properties. Future work aims at improving the deposition process. Epitaxial film growth is planned. Additional understanding of thermal property measurements is targeted.
Effect of Ion-Exchange Chemistry on the Fracture of Chemically Strengthened Sodium Aluminosilicate Glass
Authors: Egboiyi Benedict O. , Sain Trisha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The widespread use of sodium aluminosilicate glass in many critical applications due to its hardness, weight, density and optical properties (transparency, dielectric etc.), instead of metals or plastics has become common in recent years.
However, glass which is known to be a brittle material has its own vulnerability to fracture. Processes such as heat treatment (heat tempering) or chemical strengthening, through ion-exchange have been deployed to create residual stress profile on the glass, in a bid to improve its strength for applications such as in the automobile windshield design, consumer electronics mobile communication devices e.g. smartphones and tablet etc. However, failure still occurs which is mostly catastrophic and expensive to repair. Therefore, understanding, predicting and eventually improving the resistance to damage or fracture of chemically strengthened glass is significant to designing new glasses that would be tougher, while retaining their transparency. The relationship between the glass residual stress parameters, compressive stress (CS), depth of layer (DOL), center tension (CT) and fracture strength was investigated in this study using a grit particle blast plus ring on ring test method, based on IEC standard for retained biaxial flexural strength measurements. This technique can be used to measure both the surface and edge fracture strength of the glass. Preliminary results showed that for a reasonable level of CS, and CT, high DOL are beneficial to resisting fracture due to severe surface damage, while a high CS and low CT are beneficial to resisting fractures due to shallower flaws. The correlation of critical stress intensity factor versus DOL and CT for various level of CS were also determined and discussed. These results provide a valuable piece of information in the design of a more robust glass in engineering applications.
Innovative Product/Service for Personalized Health Management
Authors: Marques Maria , Lopes Fabio , Costa Ruben , Agostinho Carlos , Oliveira Pedro , Jardim-Goncalves Ricardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Smart4Health project is a European project aiming to empower citizens with electronic health(care) record exchange, personal connected health services, and the ability of data donorship to the scientific community. The Smart4Health platform will enable citizens to manage, collect, store, access and share own health and healthcare data, at international level, through an easy-to-use, secure, constantly accessible and portable health data and services prototype within the EU and beyond. This shall also comprise self-quantified and citizen-generated data through IoT and wearables (e.g. smart watches, smart devices/textiles/shoes). Therefore, the citizen will not only be able to access data produced in the context of health systems, but become important contributor of health data more generally speaking. The information to be collected will feed the Smart4Health platform (4HealthPlatform – 4HP), enabling the Smart4Health user portal (4HealthNavigator – 4HN) services and applications to provide advanced personalised health services accessible whenever and wherever. In this paper we explore the work being developed for data integration coming from different smart devices aiming at enriching the citizen health and personal data as well as providing insight about citizen behaviour and support on how to modify/adapt postures and habits that may contribute for better health and wellbeing.
Impact Analysis of a Composite Armor System
Authors: Alam Shah , Saquib Mohammad Nazmus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Present day demands composite material with even lighter weight and higher strength for using in aerospace, automobile and defense industries. Due to posing significantly weight saving and higher stiffness attribute, use of sandwich composite structure is the demand of the time. Impact analysis of sandwich composite armor system is necessary to design and develop new armor for defense sectors.
The goal of this study is to design, model and analyze the dynamic response of the composite armor system in terms of residual velocity and energy absorption capacity.
The design parameters are investigated for different fiber reinforced polymers (High tensile strength Carbon/epoxy, Carbon Fiber/Carbon Nanotube reinforced polymers) as top and bottom skin, with an Aluminum Alloy 7039 corrugated core structure and square prismoid assembled Ceramic (SiC) core centerpieces at different velocities (50 m/s, 100 m/s, 200 m/s, 400 m/s).
This non-linear explicit dynamic study is performed using commercial software ABAQUS CAE 2017. Best combination for the composite armor system is suggested based on the results.
Development of a Cleaning Robot for Trench Drains
Authors: Kaushik Adithya , Dong Janet , Gao Ce , Elzarka Hazem 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the design and conceptualization of a novel robotic mechanism to clean the trench drains. It describes a different approach for drain cleaning with lesser human intervention and more safety to personnel involved. The robot is designed and built to be 4 inches in width and operate entirely within the limited space inside the drain. To achieve a wholesome cleaning process, the entire robot is modular in design and consists of a drive system, a suction tube and a cutting arm assembly with metal brushes installed onto it. The bidirectional drive system enables the robot to move through drain segments repeatedly for optimal performance. The purpose of the cutting arm assembly is to aid the removal of dirt from the drain. In order to improve the robot performance, two prototypes were designed and built. The overall design and modularity of both robot prototypes will be discussed in detail in the paper.
Temperature Change of Spindle Using Non-Contact Controllable Excitation and Response Measurement
Authors: Su Wenjun , Wan Shaoke , Hong Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The main error source effecting the mechanical precision of the machine spindle is the structural thermal deformation under temperature variation. So, we focused on temperature variation investigate of spindle in experiment approach. A magnetic loading device has been used for the measurement, which have a more compact stator and shorter axis length. Meanwhile, the FEM 3D analysis of the compact magnetic loader has been presented. By using this contactless loader, the temperature variation when spindles are rotating under different loads have been monitored and recorded. Experiment results show that the radial load has increased the temperature of spindle, but the higher speed directly weakened this influence. Furthermore, this experiment approach is verified and proved to be suitable for spindle tests.
Experimental Study of Surrogate Particle Transport and Deposition in a Square Channel Using Particle Tracking Technique
Authors: Orea Daniel , Nguyen Thien , Vaghetto Rodolfo , Anand N. K. , Hassan Yassin A. , Sabharwall Piyush 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study of hydrodynamics flow characteristics and particle transport in a test facility. Experimental measurements of fluid flow and particle deposition are studied under isothermal conditions using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) techniques. These non-intrusive optical measurement techniques have been applied in experiment conditions of Reynolds number Re = 5,077 in a 3-inch square channel and 72-inches in total length. The fluid within the channel is air seeded with aerosol droplets while the measurements of particle transport is facilitated using surrogate particles dispersed in the channel flow. Results obtained from the PIV and PTV measurements included the hydrodynamics fluid flow characteristics, and characteristics of particle transports, such as particle velocity, particle diameter distributions and particle concentration profiles. Results from the preliminary test have shown 11.08% deposition of particles. To supplement this experimental work, upstream fluid flow characteristics were provided as boundary conditions for a comparable numerical study.
Evaluation Method of Surface-Rigidity Distribution in Elastic Body by Surface-Probing
Authors: Fujita Shohei , Sakuma Atsushi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Elasticity distributions in structure is one of the typical physical quantities that it is desired to measure nondestructively. Indentation testing is a useful method for the nondestructive measurement methods; however, devices are necessary to evaluate the distribution of elasticity. In this report, a technique to evaluate the elastic distribution in solid is introduced by the information obtained from a simple indentation device. The evaluation is based on Hertzian contact theory that is applied to calculate elasticity from force measured by this indentation device. However, the non-uniform nature of elasticity distribution makes it difficult to apply Hertzian theory. As a solution to this difficulty, a correcting method of elasticity is discussed by analyzing the variation of force information obtained from the device. This correction depends on the method for determining the correction factor decided by the area of elastic range distributed in the solid; this decision is numerically defined by finite element method (FEM). The usefulness of this correction method is confirmed by evaluating the hardness distribution of wood grain. Trees are a representative material with hardness distribution, whose mechanical characteristics depend deeply on wood grain. Therefore, evaluating the ability of elasticity distribution in wood grain has been checked by the correction method discussed in this report. Then, for the problem related to evaluation based on basic Hertzian theory, the expected result can be obtained using wood grain size coefficient and the specification of the probe. However, it is also necessary to examine to the choice of device specifications such as probe dimensions because the elasticity of wood is relatively high and any measured information will have high sensitivity in elastic analyses. Those recommendtion are discussed by showing the devices developed for this evaluation in this report.
Particle Swarm Optimization Method for Hyperelastic Characterization of Soft Tissues
Authors: Ramzanpour Mohammadreza , Hosseini-Farid Mohammad , Ziejewski Mariusz , Karami Ghodrat 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hyperelastic constitutive models such as Ogden and Mooney-Rivlin are commonly used for nonlinear characterization of soft materials and especially biomaterials such as brain tissue. The parameters of these models are usually found by curve-fitting to the experimental or in some cases, the numerical data. Most of the times, common non-linear least square curve fitting method known as Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) is employed for this purpose. In this paper, we show that the result of this method is highly dependent to the initial guesses. In some cases, the approximated curve-fitting solution can be very close to the experimental data, however, the hyperelastic parameters can be very different to the actual ones despite the fact that a very good curve-fitting solution (high coefficient of correlation) may be achieved. To overcome this problem, we demonstrate the application of a derivative free (black box) optimization method called particle swarm optimization (PSO) for hyperelastic characterization of nonlinear materials using least square method. Using multiple search agents in PSO makes this method highly inclined to end up with global optimum points in the search space. In this study, the hyperelastic parameters for Ogden and Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic models are found for bovine brain tissue by using the experimental uniaxial compression test data. The PSO method yields high coefficient of correlation for curve fitting and its results is comparable to the LM method in terms of accuracy of parameters. It is concluded that PSO can be successfully used for nonlinear hyperelastic characterization of soft materials such as brain tissue.
Probabilistic Design and Uncertainty Quantification of the Structure of a Monopile Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Nispel Abraham , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen , Dias João Paulo , Cunha Americo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Despite the increasing demand for offshore energy, structural components of offshore wind turbines (OWT), such as the tower and foundation, are considered the most critical parts of the turbine. In fact, uncertainties regarding load conditions, soil and structural properties highly undermine the OWT structural reliability. In this scenario, in order to obtain more accurate results, rigorous probabilistic analyses are necessary. In this study, a probabilistic analysis of the dynamic response of a monopile OWT is conducted by using a systematic uncertainty quantification (UQ) framework to deal with the uncertainty assessment of the model input parameters. The proposed dynamic model computes the dynamic response of the turbine due to wind and waves loads on the monopile structure utilizing a simple cantilever beam analytical model. The distributions of the model input parameters are determined using (1) nonparametric statistics for a large dataset, and (2) the maximum entropy principle for a small dataset. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to propagate the uncertainties of the model inputs and to determine the system reliability expressed in terms of their probability of failure for the serviceability limit state design criterion. Finally, to demonstrate the shortcomings of traditional approaches that assume standard distributions to model uncertainties, a UQ approach modeling the uncertainties of the parameters using normal distributions is contrasted with our framework. From the results, significant differences between the distribution shape and values of the probability of failure can be observed; thus, it demonstrates the importance of developing probabilistic frameworks with systematic UQ to have more realistic approximations of the reliability of the OWT structure.