bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD-L1 expression in liver metastasis: its clinical significance and discordance with primary tumor in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wei Xiao-li , Luo Xuan , Sheng Hui , Wang Yun , Chen Dong-Liang , Li Jia-Ning , Wang Feng-Hua , Xu Rui-Hua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors of patients with cancer liver metastases are poor, which may be related to a different tumor microenvironment from primary cancers. This study was aimed to analyze the PD-L1 expression and the immune microenvironment status in liver metastatic diseases and compare the differences of PD-L1 expression between primary tumors and liver metastases of colorectal cancer.Methods: 74 cases of pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer liver metastasis underwent resection from our hospital were included. Tissue microarrays were used for the interpretation of PD-L1 expression, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and CD8 density by immunohistochemistry. Then, we evaluated the disparity between primary tumor and liver metastasis in PD-L1, CD4 and CD8 density and analyzed the factors associated with obvious disparity.Results: A total of 74 paired colorectal cancer with liver metastases were included in this study. The expression of PD-L1 in liver metastases was positively related to the density of CD4 and CD8. The expression of PD-L1 was higher in liver metastases than in primary tumors in certain subgroups of colorectal cancer, including the patients with concurrent liver metastases (n=63, p=0.05), receiving concurrent resection of primary and metastatic tumors (n=56, p=0.04). The two subgroups generally reflected those without inconsistent external influencing factors, such as treatment and temporal variation, between primary tumors and liver metastases. In these subgroups, the intrinsic differences of microenvironment between primary tumors and liver metastases could be identified, if any. Furthermore, tumor differentiation (moderate vs. poor: OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.03-0.99, p=0.05)) were demonstrated to be associated with obvious discordance of PD-L1 expression between primary tumors and hepatic metastases.Conclusions: The expression of PD-L1 in the hepatic metastases was higher than in the primary tumors in subgroups reflecting intrinsic microenvironment differences between primary and metastatic tumors. Obvious discordance of PD-L1 expression between primary tumor and liver metastasis was closely related to the tumor differentiation.
Long-term Health-related Quality of Life and Burden of Disease After Intensive Care: Development of a Patient-reported Outcome Measure.
Authors: Malmgren Johan A , Waldenström Ann-Charlotte , Rylander Christian , Johannesson Elias , Lundin Stefan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundICU survivorship includes a diverse burden of disease. To understand the extent of the problems, the right issues must be identified, and the right questions need to be asked to the patients. Current follow-up instruments lack detailed questions in several areas relevant to survivors. Our aim was to identify health-related problems relevant and unique to ICU survivors, and to construct a comprehensive questionnaire able to address these issues.Methods Thirty-three ICU survivors were interviewed at least six months after ICU discharge. All types of everyday dysfunctions and disabilities were extracted and compiled into a questionnaire. The questionnaire was tested on ICU survivors and non-ICU treated subjects. Inclusion criteria for the ICU survivors were an ICU stay of at least 72 hours with the ICU discharge six months to three years prior to the study. The non-ICU treated subjects were obtained from the Swedish Population Register, matched for age and sex. Eligible participants received an invitation letter and were contacted by phone. If willing to participate, they were sent the questionnaire. ResultsAnalysis of the interviews yielded 238 questions in 13 domains: cognition, fatigue, physical health, pain, psychological health, activities of daily life, sleep, appetite and alcohol, sexual health, sensory functions, gastrointestinal, urinary tract and work life.In total, 395 of 518 ICU survivors and 197 of 231 non-ICU treated subjects returned a completed questionnaire, the response rate being 76.2% and 85.3% respectively. The two groups differed significantly in 16 of 25 comorbidities. ICU survivors differed in a majority of questions (p ≤ 0.05) compared to non-ICU treated subjects, distributed over all 13 domains. ConclusionsThis study describes the first step in developing a designated questionnaire for identification of health-related quality of life issues and long-term burden of disease after intensive care. A first version of the questionnaire was answered by 395 ICU survivors. The questionnaire could identify that they experience severe difficulties in a wide range of domains compared to non-ICU treated subjects.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Ref# NCT 02767180
Associations of worsening renal function with loop diuretics in patients with heart failure with different ejection fraction categories
Authors: Owusu-Ayeman Marvin , He Xin , Liang Weihao , Zhu Wengen , Wu Yuzhong , Xue Ruicong , Wu Zexuan , Dong Bin , Zhou Yuanyuan , Dong Yugang , Wei Fang-Fei , Liu Chen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have different sensitivity to plasma volume change after decongestion, but the possible differential effects of loop diuretics dosage on worsening renal function (WRF) in heart failure (HF) categories remain unclear.
Methods

In 972 patients with HFpEF and 427 patients with HFrEF, we assessed the risk of WRF with the average daily furosemide equivalent dose, using multivariable logistic regression. WRF was defined as an increase in serum creatinine levels of more than 26.5 mmol/L during hospitalization.
Results

In patients with HFpEF and HFrEF, between-group differences in average daily furosemide equivalent dose (18.9 mg/d vs. 26.8 mg/d) and the prevalence of WRF (25.3% vs. 14.3%) were significant (p < 0.001). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, a doubling of the average furosemide equivalent dose was associated with higher risk of WRF in all patients, patients with HFpEF and HFrEF, with odds ratios amounting to 1.42, 1.41 and 1.60 (p ≤ 0.022), respectively. There was no interaction between heart failure categories and average furosemide equivalent dose (p = 0.37). The adjusted odds ratios of risk of WRF associated with intravenous furosemide were 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.46; p = 0.002) in HFpEF but not significant in HFrEF(p = 0.099).
Conclusions

The risk of WRF was associated with higher furosemide dosage in both HF subtypes. Our observations highlight that close monitoring is required to prevent further renal impairment in all HF patients while using loop diuretics.
Association of Vitamin D Status and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study
Authors: Qorbani Mostafa , Heidari-Beni Motahar , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Shafiee Gita , Goodarzi Farid , Zadeh Seyed Saeed Tamehri , Khademian Majid , Khonsari Nami Mohammadian , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Asayesh Hamid , Jabbari Mohammad , Heshmat Ramin , Ebrahimi Mehdi , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) starts from early life, and is one of the important underlying factors for non-communicable disease (NCDs) in adulthood. Controversial evidence exists on the role of vitamin D deficiency in increasing risk of pediatric MetS. Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between vitamin D level with MetS and its components in children and adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional nationwide study was performed as part of a surveillance program in Iran. Participants were 2596 students, aged 7 to 18 years, living in 30 provinces. In addition to filling questionnaires, physical examination was conducted, and blood samples were collected. Serum concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using direct competitive immunoassay chemiluminescene method.Results: 2596 students with mean age of 12.2 y (55.1% boys) were recruited. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in participants was 10.6% (n=276), and 60.5% (n=1570), respectively. Prevalence of MetS was higher in vitamin D deficient group. Students with deficient vitamin D level had higher odds of MetS (OR: 4.25, 95%CI: 2.26-7.98), abdominal obesity (OR: 2.24, 95%CI: 1.61-3.12), low HDL-C (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.18-2.30) and high fasting blood sugar (OR: 2.56, 95%CI: 1.43-4.57) in comparison to those with sufficient level of vitamin D.Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased odds of MetS and its components in Iranian pediatric population. These findings underscore the importance of prevention and control of vitamin D deficiency in preventative programs against NCDs.
Skilled Delivery Care Service Uptake Among Socially Marginalized Women in Kambata-Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Abebe , Assefa Biruk , Ahmed Ritbano , Mossa Hasen , Gebeyehu Negesso 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally, 358,000 women die during pregnancy and childbirth every year. Poor skilled delivery health care uptake remains a significant problem in developing countries. In Ethiopia, skilled delivery care service uptake was law. Marginalized women are vulnerable for poor delivery care uptake and addressing woman’s’ social marginalization could play an important role in increasing uptake of skilled delivery care service among minorities in the study area. Thu, the study was aimed to access the utilization of delivery care uptake and associated factors among women from socially marginalized minorities in the Kambeta-Temabaro, Zone Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 01 to March 30, 2019. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to enroll 521 study participants. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was entered using EPI- INFO and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)-21 for analysis. The degree of association was assessed using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and the variable with p-value <0.05 were declared as statistically significant. The model fitness was checked using Pearson’s Chi-square with the value of 3.45 and significance 0.026 Result: The magnitude of skilled delivery care service uptake among socially marginalized minorities was 19% in the study area. Maternal education, occupation, and awareness on delivery care, pregnancy plan, and number of birth, mothers’ life-style, and social discrimination were significantly associated with the delivery care service uptake among women from socially marginalized minorities. Conclusion: The prevalence of the delivery service utilization among marginalized mothers was found to be low [19%]. Mothers’ education, occupation, life-style, awareness, number of birth and social discrimination was significantly associated with delivery service uptake from health facilities in Kambata-Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia. Thus, intervention on social discrimination in the community to breakthrough core barriers; improving women awareness though health education and promotion; and accessing education and employment for women are highly recommended.
Spatial Distribution and Time Series Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Geospatial Perspective
Authors: Moazzam Muhammad Farhan Ul , Paracha Tamkeen Urooj , Rahman Ghani , Lee Byung Gul , Farid Nasir , Arshad Adnan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The novel coronavirus pandemic disease (COVID-19) affected the whole globe, though there is lack of clinical studies and its epidemiological features. But as per the observation, it has been seen that most of COVID-19 infected patients show mild to moderate symptoms and they get better without any medical assistance due to better immune system to generate antibodies against the novel coronavirus. In this study the active cases, serious cases, recovered cases, deaths and total confirmed cases have been analyzed using geospatial technique (IDW) with the time span of 2nd March to 3rd June 2020. As on 3rd June the total number of COVID-19 cases in Italy were 231,238, total deaths 33,310, serious cases 350, recovered cases 158,951 and active cases were 39,177 which has been reported by the Ministry of health, Italy. March 2nd – June 3rd 2020 a sum of 231, 238 cases has been reported in Italy out of which 38.68% cases reported in Lombardia region with death rate of 18% which is high from its national mortality rate followed by Emilia-Romagna (14.89% deaths), Piemonte (12.68% deaths), and Vento (10% deaths). As per the total cases in the region, the highest number of recoveries has been observed in Umbria (92.52%), followed by Basilicata (87%), Valle d'Aosta (86.85%) and Trento (84.54%). The COVID-19 evolution in Italy has been particularly found in the major urban area i.e. Rome, Milan, Naples, Bologna and Florence. Geospatial technology played a vital role in this pandemic by tracking infected patient, active cases, and the recovered cases. Thus, monitoring and planning using geospatial technique is very important to control COVID-19 spread in the country.
The Long Non-coding RNA TMPO-AS1&nbsp; Promotes Bladder Cancer Growth and Progression via OTUB1-induced E2F1&nbsp;Deubiquitination
Authors: Zhang Yeyu , Zhu Yuxing , Xiao Mengqing , Cheng Yaxin , He Dong , Liu Jianye , Xiang Liang , Gong Lian , Wang Zhanwang , Deng Liping , Cao Ke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Increasing evidence indicates long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer tumorigenesis, development, and progression. However, the role of TMPO antisense RNA 1 (TMPO-AS1) is still need to be explored in BC.MethodsThe lncRNA TMPO-AS1 expression was evaluated by bioinformatics analysis and further validated by qRT-PCR. Loss- and gain-of- function assays were performed to determine the biological functions of TMPO-AS1 in BC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays, western blotting, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation assays, and fluorescence in situ hybridization were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of TMPO-AS1/E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) loop. ResultsTMPO-AS1 is upregulated in bladder cancer and is associated with BC patients’ poor prognoses. Functional experiments demonstrated that TMPO-AS1 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, E2F1 is responsible for the TMPO-AS1 upregulation. Additionally, TMPO-AS1 facilitates the interaction of E2F1 with OTU domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1), leading to E2F1 deubiquitination and stabilization, thereby promotes BC malignant phenotypes. Furthermore, rescue experiments showed that TMPO-AS1 promotes BC growth in an E2F1-dependent manner.ConclusionsOur study is the first to uncover a novel positive regulatory loop of TMPO-AS1/E2F1 important for the promotion of BC malignant behaviors. The TMPO-AS1/E2F1 loop should be considered in the quest for new BC therapeutic options.
A cross-sectional study of the prevalence, density and risk factors associated with malaria transmission in urban communities of Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Awosolu Oluwaseun , Yahaya Zary Shariman , Termizi Farah Haziqah Meor , Simon-Oke Iyabo Adepeju , Fakunle Comfort 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Malaria is a serious global public health challenge which causes great morbidity and mortality worldwide particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to determine the prevalence, parasite density and risk factors associated with malaria infection transmission among residents of two urban communities of Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria.
Methods
A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out on 300 participants. Blood samples were obtained. Thick and thin blood films were prepared and viewed using the standard parasitological technique of microscopy. Moreover, data on sociodemographic and environmental variables were obtained using standard questionnaire.
Results
Of the 300 participants examined, a total of 165 (55.0%) were found positive for Plasmodium falciparum with a mean (S.D) parasite density of 1814.70 (1829.117) parasite/µL of blood. The prevalence and parasite density of malaria infection was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in relation to age group. Obviously, malaria infection decreases as age increasing with ≤ 5 years having the highest prevalence and mean parasite density. Similarly, in relation to gender, males significantly (P < 0.05) had higher prevalence (60.2%) and mean (S.D) parasite density of malaria infection [2157.73 (1659.570) parasite/µL of blood] compared to females. Additionally, those without formal education had the highest prevalence (73.0%) and mean (S.D) parasite density of infection [2626.96 (2442.195) parasite/µL of blood]. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that age group 6–10 (COR 0.066, 95% CI: 0.007–0.635), presence of streams (COR 0.225, 95% CI: 0.103–0.492), distance from streams within ≤ 1 Km (COR 0.283, 95% CI: 0.122–0.654) and travel to rural area (COR 4.689, 95% CI: 2.430–9.049) were the major risk factors.
Conclusions
Malaria infection is apparently endemic in the study area and greatly influenced by rural-urban movement. Multifaceted and integrated control strategy should be adopted. Health education on mosquito prevention and use of chemoprophylaxis before and during travel to rural areas are important.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Liver of Eospalax Fontanierii Under Hypoxia
Authors: Hao Zhiqiang , Xu Lulu , He Jianping , Li Guanglin , Li Jingang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHypoxia can induce cell damage, inflammation, carcinogenesis, and inhibit liver regeneration in non-adapted species. Because of their excellent hypoxia adaptation features, subterranean rodents have been widely studied to clarify the mechanism of hypoxia adaptation. Eospalax fontanierii, which is a subterranean rodent found in China, can survive for more than 10 h under 4% O2 without observable injury, while Sprague-Dawle rats can survive for less than 6 h under the same conditions. To explore the potential mechanism of hypoxia adaptation in E. fontanierii, we performed RNA-seq analysis of the liver in E. fontanierii exposed to different oxygen levels (6.5%, 10.5%, and 21%).ResultsBased on the bioinformatics analysis, 39,439 unigenes were assembled, and 56.78% unigenes were annotated using public databases (Nr, GO, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, and Pfam). In total, 725 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the response to hypoxia; six with important functions were validated by qPCR. Those DEGs were mainly involved in processes related to lipid metabolism, steroid catabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the AMPK and PPAR signaling pathway. By analyzing the expression patterns of hub genes related to energy associated metabolism under hypoxia, we found that fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis were increased, while protein synthesis and fatty acid synthesis were decreased. ConclusionsWe characterized the E. fontanierii liver transcriptomes and profiled the changes in gene expression in the liver under different oxygen levels. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the main functions (steroid catabolic process, lipid metabolic process, primary bile acid biosynthesis, energy production and amino acid metabolic) of the liver were regulated in response to hypoxia. We identified multiple important DEGs underlying the potential molecular adaptation mechanisms to hypoxia, including genes associated with anti-apoptosis, energy supply, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the response to hypoxia in E. fontanierii, and have potential value for biomedical studies.
Comparison of Reversal of Rat Pulmonary Fibrosis of Nintedanib, Pirfenidone and Human Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton’s Jelly
Authors: Chu Kuo-An , Yeh Chang-Ching , Kuo Fu-Hsien , Lin Wen-Ren , Hsu Chien-Wei , Chen Tien-Hua , Fu Yu-Show 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:The present study compared the effects of antifibrotic medications, pirfenidone and nintedanib, with transplantation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) in restoring rat pulmonary fibrosis (PF).Methods:A stable animal model was established via an intratracheal injection of 5 mg bleomycin (BLM). One single transplantation of 2.5 × 107 HUMSCs or initiation of daily oral nintedanib/pirfenidone administration was performed on Day 21 following BLM damage.Results:Pulmonary function examination revealed that BLM rats exhibited a significant decrease in blood oxygen saturation and an increase in respiratory rates. While no significant improvements were found in BLM rats receiving nintedanib or pirfenidone, those who transplanted with HUMSCs showed statistical amelioration in blood oxygen saturation and significant alleviation in respiratory rates. Quantification results revealed that a significant reduction in alveolar space and marked increases in substantial cell infiltration and collagen deposition in the left lungs of BLM rats. No significant alteration was observed in BLM rats administered nintedanib or pirfenidone. However, BLM rats transplanted with HUMSCs had a significant recovery in alveolar space and noticeable decreases in cell infiltration and collagen deposition. The inflammatory cell numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage was increased in the BLM group. While the rats treated with nintedanib or pirfenidone had a lower cell number than the BLM group, a higher cell number was found as compared with the Normal group. In rats transplanted with HUMSCs, the cell number did not differ from the Normal group.Conclusions:Transplantation of HUMSCs could effectively treat PF as opposed to the administration of anti-fibrotic drugs with nintedanib or pirfenidone with significant better result in lung volume, pathological changes, lung function and blood oxygen saturation.
Transmission potential of Mayaro virus by Aedes albopictus, and&nbsp;Anopheles quadrimaculatus from United States
Authors: Dieme Constentin , Ciota Alexander T , Kramer Laura D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Mayaro virus (MAYV; Alphavirus, Togaviridae) is an emerging pathogen endemic in South American countries. The increase in intercontinental travel and tourism-based forest excursions has resulted in an increase in MAYV spread, with imported cases observed in Europe and North America. Intriguingly, no local transmission of MAYV has been reported outside South America, despite the presence of potential vectors.Methods We assessed the vector competence of Aedes albopictus from New York and Anopheles quadrimaculatus for MAYV. Results We showed that Aedes albopictus from New York and Anopheles quadrimaculatus are competent vectors for MAYV. However, Aedes albopictus was more susceptible to infection. Transmission rates increased with time for both species with rates of 37.21% and 64.44% for Aedes albopictus, and 31.11% and 46.34% for Anopheles quadrimaculatus, respectively, at 7 and 14 days-post-infection. Conclusions Our results suggest there is a risk of further MAYV spread throughout the Americas and autochthonous transmission in the United States. Preventive measures such as mosquito surveillance of MAYV will be essential for early detection.