bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filtering techniques to enhance optical turbulence forecast performances at short time-scales
Authors: Masciadri E , Martelloni G , Turchi A 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The efficiency of the management of top-class ground-based astronomical facilities supported by adaptive optics (AO) relies on our ability to forecast the optical turbulence (OT) and a set of relevant atmospheric parameters. Indeed, in spite of the fact that the AO is able to achieve, at present, excellent levels of wavefront corrections (a Strehl ratio up to 90 per cent in H band), its performances strongly depend on the atmospheric conditions. Knowing in advance the atmospheric turbulence conditions allows an optimization of the AO use. It has already been proven that it is possible to provide reliable forecasts of the OT (${C_N^2 }$ profiles and integrated astroclimatic parameters such as seeing, isoplanatic angle, wavefront coherence time, etc.) for the next night. In this paper, we prove that it is possible to improve the forecast performances on shorter time-scales (order of 1 or 2 h) with consistent gains (order of 2–8) employing filtering techniques that make use of real-time measurements. This has permitted us to achieve forecasts accuracies never obtained before and reach a fundamental milestone for the astronomical applications. The time-scale of 1 or 2 h is the most critical one for an efficient management of the ground-based telescopes supported by AO. We implemented this method in the operational forecast system of the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), named Advanced LBT Turbulence and Atmosphere (ALTA) Center that is, at our knowledge, the first operational system providing forecasts of turbulence and atmospheric parameters at short time-scales to support science operations.
First NIR interferometrically resolved high-order Brackett and forbidden Fe lines of a B[e] star: V921 Sco
Authors: Kreplin Alexander , Kraus Stefan , Tambovtseva Larisa , Grinin Vladimir , Hone Edward 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We present near-infrared interferometric AMBER observations of the B[e] binary V921 Sco at low (R ∼ 30) and medium spectral resolution (R∼ 1500) in the K and H bands. Low spectral resolution AMBER data were used to estimate the position of the companion V921 Sco B and confirmed a clockwise movement on sky with respect to the primary of 33° between 2008 and 2012. Our observations resolve for the first time higher order Brackett lines (Br6–Br12). The modelling of the different line transitions revealed a decrease in the size of the line-emitting regions from Br3 to Br12. We are able to reproduce this decrease with a simple radiative transfer model of an equatorial disc in local thermodynamic equilibrium. In addition to the Brackett series, we also resolve permitted and forbidden Fe line emission. Our modelling shows that these lines originate from ∼2 au from the star, corresponding roughly to the measured dust sublimation region. This might indicate that the forbidden line emission arises from shock excitation at the base of a disc wind.
High-resolution spectroscopy of the high-velocity hot post-AGB star IRAS 18379–1707 (LS 5112)
Authors: Ikonnikova N P , Parthasarathy M , Dodin A V , Hubrig S , Sarkar G 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The high-resolution ($R\sim 48\, 000$) optical spectrum of the B-type supergiant LS 5112, identified as the optical counterpart of the post-AGB candidate IRAS 18379–1707 is analysed. We report the detailed identifications of the observed absorption and emission features in the wavelength range 3700–9200 Å for the first time. The absorption line spectrum has been analysed using non-LTE model atmosphere techniques to determine stellar atmospheric parameters and chemical composition. We estimate Teff = 18 000 ± 1000 K, log g = 2.25 ± 0.08, ξt = 10 ± 4 km s−1, and vsin i = 37 ± 6 km s−1, and the derived abundances indicate a metal-deficient ([M/H] ≈ −0.6) post-AGB star. Chemical abundances of eight different elements were obtained. The estimates of the CNO abundances in IRAS 18379–1707 indicate that these elements are overabundant with [(C + N + O)/S] = + 0.5 ± 0.2 suggesting that the products of helium burning have been brought to the surface as a result of third dredge-up on the AGB. From the absorption lines, we derived heliocentric radial velocity of Vr = −124.0 ± 0.4 km s−1. We have identified permitted emission lines of O i, N i, Na i, S ii, Si ii, C ii, Mg ii, and Fe iii. The nebula forbidden lines of [N i], [O i], [Fe ii], [N ii], [S ii], [Ni ii], and [Cr ii] have also been identified. The Balmer lines H α, H β, and H γ show P-Cygni behaviour clearly indicating post-AGB mass-loss process in the object with the wind velocity up to 170 km s−1.
Genetics of human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Pemov Alexander , Li Hua , Presley William , Wallace Margaret R , Miller David T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are heterogeneous, highly aggressive tumors with no widely effective treatment other than surgery. Genomic architecture of MPNST is similar to other soft tissue sarcomas, with a relatively modest burden of single nucleotide variants and an elevated frequency of copy-number alterations. Recent advances in genomic studies identified previously unrecognized critical involvement of polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) core components SUZ12 and EED in transition to malignancy. Notably, somatic changes in NF1, CDKN2A/B, and PRC2 are found in most MPNST regardless of their etiology (e.g. neurofibromatosis type 1-associated vs. sporadic vs. radiation-induced), indicating that similar molecular mechanisms impact pathogenesis in these neoplasms. The timing and specific order of genetic or epigenetic changes may, however, explain the typically poorer prognosis of NF1-associated MPNSTs. Studies that reveal genes and regulatory pathways uniquely altered in malignancies are essential to development of targeted tumor therapies. Characterization of MPNST molecular profiles may also contribute to tools for earlier detection, and prediction of prognosis or drug response. Here we review the genetic discoveries and their implications in understanding MPNST biology.
Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease Have Normal Th1/Th2 Cytokine Responses but Diminished Th17 Cytokine and Enhanced Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Production
Authors: Wu Un-In , Olivier Kenneth N , Kuhns Douglas B , Fink Danielle L , Sampaio Elizabeth P , Zelazny Adrian M , Shallom Shamira J , Marciano Beatriz E , Lionakis Michail S , Holland Steven M 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveAlthough disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection is attributed to defects in the interleukin (IL)-12/interferon-γ circuit, the immunophenotype of idiopathic pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) disease is not well defined.MethodWe phenotyped Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cytokines and colony-stimulating factor production from patients with idiopathic PNTM disease. Data were compared with healthy donors, cystic fibrosis (CF), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients with PNTM disease. Both supernatant cytokine production and intracellular cytokines expressed by various leukocyte subpopulations following mitogen and antigen stimulation were assayed by electrochemiluminescence–based multiplex immunoassay and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsRegardless of antigen or mitogen stimulation, neither intracellular nor extracellular Th1, Th2, and Treg cytokine levels differed between patients and controls. Th17 cells and IL-17A levels were lower in idiopathic PNTM patients, whereas monocyte granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in response to NTM stimulation was higher compared with healthy donors. Besides, distinct cytokine responses following stimulation by Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium were observed consistently within each group.ConclusionsThe IL-12/IFN-γ circuit appeared intact in patients with idiopathic PNTM disease. However, idiopathic PNTM patients had reduced Th17 response and higher mycobacteria-induced monocyte GM-CSF expression.
Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome associated with an in-the-bag square-edge intraocular lens
Authors: Yang Jin , Qiu Xiaodi , Cai Lei , Fan Qi , Wang Anjian , Zhang Kang , Lu Yi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A 54-year-old woman presented with recurrent redness and blurred vision of the left eye with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) for one year. She was treated as “iridocyclitis” and ``Posner-Schlossman syndrome'' at the local hospitals. However, the patient developed intermittent ocular inflammation and hyphema. Patient had a cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the left eye one year before at the local hospital. A diagnostic procedure was performed and the possible pathogenesis was discussed.
Gibberellin Promotes Fungal Entry and Colonization during Paris-Type Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Eustoma grandiflorum
Authors: Tominaga Takaya , Miura Chihiro , Takeda Naoya , Kanno Yuri , Takemura Yoshihiro , Seo Mitsunori , Yamato Masahide , Kaminaka Hironori 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) are divided into two types according to morphology: Arum- and Paris-type AMs. Gibberellins (GAs) mainly inhibit the establishment of Arum-type AM symbiosis in most model plants, whereas the effects of GAs on Paris-type AM symbiosis are unclear. To provide insight into the mechanism underlying this type of symbiosis, the roles of GAs were investigated in Eustoma grandiflorum when used as the host plant for Paris-type AM establishment. Eustoma grandiflorum seedlings were inoculated with the model AM fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, and the effects of GA and the GA biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole-P on the symbiosis were quantitatively evaluated. Exogenous GA significantly increased hyphopodium formation at the epidermis, thus leading to the promotion of fungal colonization and arbuscule formation in the root cortex. By contrast, the suppression of GA biosynthesis and signaling attenuated fungal entry to E. grandiflorum roots. Moreover, the exudates from GA-treated roots strongly induced the hyphal branching of R. irregularis. Our results show that GA has an contrasting effect on Paris-type AM symbiosis in E. grandiflorum compared with Arum-type AM symbiosis. This finding could be explained by the differential regulation of the early colonization stage, where fungal hyphae make contact with and penetrate the epidermis.
Effect of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on development of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplant
Authors: Yoon Jeongae , Salamanca-Padilla Yuliana 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of reviewPrimary graft dysfunction (PGD) is one of the most common complications after lung transplant and is associated with significant early and late morbidity and mortality. The cause of primary graft dysfunction is often multifactorial involving patient, donor, and operational factors. Diastolic dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for development of PGD after lung transplant and here we examine recent evidence on the topic.Recent findingsPatients with end-stage lung disease are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease including diastolic dysfunction. PGD as result of ischemia–reperfusion injury after lung transplant is exacerbated by increased left atrial pressure and pulmonary venous congestion impacted by diastolic dysfunction. Recent studies on relationship between diastolic dysfunction and PGD after lung transplant show that patients with diastolic dysfunction are more likely to develop PGD with worse survival outcome and complicated hospital course.SummaryPatients with diastolic dysfunction is more likely to suffer from PGD after lung transplant. From the lung transplant candidate selection to perioperative and posttransplant care, thorough evaluation and documentation diastolic dysfunction to guide patient care are imperative.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in older adults
Authors: Thürmann Petra A. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of review
With the growing of the aging population, increased and new methods of anesthesia and surgery allow for surgery and other interventions in older adults.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in older adults differ from those in younger and middle-aged adults. However, the geriatric population is frequently neglected in the context of clinical trials. The present review focuses on the consequences of multimorbidity and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations and their implications on anesthesia.

Recent findings
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling may serve as an option to better understand the influence of age on drugs used for anesthesia. However, difficulties to adequately characterize geriatric patients are described.

Summary
Further research of drug effects in the aging population may include physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic complex models and randomized controlled trials with thoroughly conducted geriatric assessments.
Impact of geriatric co-management programmes on outcomes in older surgical patients: update of recent evidence
Authors: Van Grootven Bastiaan , Mendelson Daniel Ari , Deschodt Mieke 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of reviewTo determine the impact of geriatric co-management programmes on outcomes in older patients undergoing a surgical procedure.Recent findingsTwelve programmes were identified. Time to surgery was decreased in two of four studies [pooled mean difference = −0.7 h (95% CI, −3.1 to 4.4)]. The incidence of complications was reduced in two of seven studies (pooled absolute risk reduction = −4% (95% CI −10 to 2%)). Length of stay was reduced in four of eight studies [pooled mean difference = −1.4 days (95% CI −2.7 to −0.1)]. In-hospital mortality was reduced in one of six studies [pooled absolute risk reduction = −2% (95% CI −4 to −0%)]. Unplanned hospital readmissions at 30 days follow-up was reduced in two of three studies [pooled absolute risk reduction = −3% (95% CI −5 to −0%)].SummaryThere was a shorter length of stay, less mortality and a lower readmission rate. However, there was uncertainty whether the results are clinically relevant and the GRADE of evidence was low. It was uncertain whether the outcomes time to surgery and complications were improved. The evidence is limited to hip fracture patients.
Clinical Outcomes Following Tongue Type Calcaneus Fractures
Authors: Burnett Zachary , Barzee Brigham M. , Hymes Robert , Cannada Lisa K. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Calcaneus fractures have serious potential complications. Tongue type calcaneus fractures, in particular, are at risk for secondary soft tissue breakdown due in part to the tension placed on the soft tissue by the forces of the Achilles tendon on the superior fragment of the posterior calcaneal tuberosity. The current literature is limited regarding outcomes in pure tongue type calcaneus fractures. The purpose of this study is to report injury details, treatment, and complications in this group of fractures.

Methods:
The study is a retrospective study of patients between 2007 and 2015 with tongue type calcaneus fractures. Demographic data and comorbidities were collected for each patient. Clinical data including details of the injury, time to surgery, length of hospital stay, wound complications, additional surgical procedures, and follow-up data were evaluated.

Results:
There were 25 patients with 26 fractures included in this study, including 7 open fractures. Wound complications occurred in 7 (27%) patients, and fixation failure occurred in 4 (21%) patients. Patients with open fractures reached full healing in less time (2.8±0.4 mo) compared with patients with closed fractures (4±1.3 mo). The difference in time to full healing was not statistically significant (P>0.05) when comparing smokers and nonsmokers.

Conclusions:
The literature is limited regarding outcomes of pure tongue type calcaneus fractures. We found these fractures had similar or even higher rates of wound complications compared with other studies investigating intra-articular calcaneus fractures. This is one of the first studies to report on the complication rates associated specifically with these fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Brain Hypoxia Secondary to Diffusion Limitation in Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury Postcardiac Arrest
Authors: Sekhon Mypinder S. , Ainslie Philip N. , Menon David K. , Thiara Sharanjit S. , Cardim Danilo , Gupta Arun K. , Hoiland Ryan Leo , Gooderham Peter , Griesdale Donald E. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
We sought to characterize 1) the difference in the diffusion gradient of cellular oxygen delivery and 2) the presence of diffusion limitation physiology in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury patients with brain hypoxia, as defined by parenchymal brain tissue oxygen tension less than 20 mm Hg versus normoxia (brain tissue oxygen tension > 20 mm Hg).

Design:
Post hoc subanalysis of a prospective study in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury patients dichotomized into those with brain hypoxia versus normoxia.

Setting:
Quaternary ICU.

Patients:
Fourteen adult hypoxic-ischemic brain injury patients after cardiac arrest.

Interventions:
Patients underwent monitoring with brain oxygen tension, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, mean arterial pressure, and jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation. Data were recorded in real time at 300Hz into the ICM+ monitoring software (Cambridge University Enterprises, Cambridge, United Kingdom). Simultaneous arterial and jugular venous bulb blood gas samples were recorded prospectively.

Measurements and Main Results:
Both the normoxia and hypoxia groups consisted of seven patients. In the normoxia group, the mean brain tissue oxygen tension, jugular venous bulb oxygen tension, and cerebral perfusion pressure were 29 mm Hg (sd, 9), 45 mm Hg (sd, 9), and 80 mm Hg (sd, 7), respectively. In the hypoxia group, the mean brain tissue oxygen tension, jugular venous bulb oxygen to brain tissue oxygen tension gradient, and cerebral perfusion pressure were 14 mm Hg (sd, 4), 53 mm Hg (sd, 8), and 72 mm Hg (sd, 6), respectively. There were significant differences in the jugular venous bulb oxygen tension–brain oxygen tension gradient (16 mm Hg [sd, 6] vs 39 mm Hg sd, 11]; p < 0.001) and in the relationship of jugular venous bulb oxygen tension–brain oxygen tension gradient to cerebral perfusion pressure (p = 0.004) when comparing normoxia to hypoxia. Each 1 mm Hg increase in cerebral perfusion pressure led to a decrease in the jugular venous bulb oxygen tension–brain oxygen tension gradient by 0.36 mm Hg (95% CI, –0.54 to 0.18; p < 0.001) in the normoxia group, but no such relation was demonstrable in the hypoxia group.

Conclusions:
In hypoxic-ischemic brain injury patients with brain hypoxia, there is an elevation in the jugular venous bulb oxygen tension–brain oxygen tension gradient, which is not modulated by changes in cerebral perfusion pressure.
Generating Evidence of Critical Care Nurses' Perceptions, Knowledge, Beliefs, and Use of Music Therapy, Aromatherapy, and Guided Imagery
Authors: Meghani Naheed , Tracy Mary Fran , O’Conner-Von Susan , Hadidi Niloufar Niakosari , Mathiason Michelle A. , Lindquist Ruth 
Published: November 2019

Background
Critical care settings are known to be fast-paced and technologically advanced. To optimize humanistic care, integration of evidence-based complementary and alternative therapies holds promise. However, evidence of critical care nurses' use of complementary and alternative therapies in clinical practice has not been evaluated recently.

Objectives
This study sought to determine critical care nurses' perspectives of music therapy, aromatherapy, and guided imagery (GI) including perceptions of legitimacy, self-reported knowledge, interest in gaining knowledge, beliefs of harm/benefits, professional use, personal use, recommendations for use in critical care practice, and requests for these therapies by critical care patients or families.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional design with repeated measures was conducted with critical care nurses (N = 53) practicing in 3 intensive care units at a Midwestern academic-affiliated medical center. The nurses' current perceptions, knowledge, beliefs, and use of music therapy, aromatherapy, and GI were assessed. In addition, an evaluation of the consistency of participants' responses using the Critical Care Nurses' Use of Complementary Therapies survey was performed on a subset of the sample (n = 15) at 2 time points 4 to 6 weeks apart.

Results
Most nurses (66%-83%) endorsed the legitimacy of these therapies for use with their patients. Nurses had the most knowledge of aromatherapy, followed by music therapy and GI; they showed interest in gaining further knowledge of the therapies even when reporting “some” to “a lot” of knowledge. Nurses showed a positive response regarding their beliefs about the benefits of each therapy. Professional use was highest for aromatherapy (85%), followed by music therapy (75%), corresponding with greater self-reported knowledge and personal use. A majority recommended aromatherapy (79%) and music therapy in practice (64%) and reported that these therapies were requested by patients or families. Responses on the survey items at 2 time points of administration showed consistency.

Discussion
On the basis of the overall survey responses, developing a robust scientific base and addressing educational needs through expanding resources and continuing education programs may promote use of these therapies to benefit patients in critical care.
Improving Compliance With Protocol-Driven Care in Adult Traumatic Brain Injury Patients by Implementing an Electronic Clinical Compliance Monitoring Tool
Authors: Gorman Kimberly M. , Drahnak Dawn , Dumire Russell D. , Noon Jodi , Nahouraii Richard , Morrissey Shawna , Kieta Cheryl , Guttendorf Jane 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of death and disability each year in the United States. Implementation of preestablished evidence-based guidelines has been associated with a decrease in overall TBI mortality and disability.

Objectives
An electronic clinical monitoring tool was developed for monitoring compliance with evidence-based TBI treatment protocols to improve the overall care and outcomes in this patient population.

Methods
This project was designed as a process improvement project. For the preimplementation cohort of TBI patients, aggregate compliance data (by patient) were obtained from the Brain Trauma Foundation Trial patient registry maintained at Conemaugh Memorial Medical Center for the time between 2011 and 2012. The postimplementation cohort includes all patients older than 18 years who have sustained a TBI requiring clinical monitoring devices.

Results
There was a statistical significance between groups; the TBI-2017 group demonstrated better compliance with anticonvulsant use and cerebral perfusion pressure maintenance. In addition, overall compliance was better in the TBI-2017 cohort compared with the TBI-2012 cohort.

Conclusions
Traumatic brain injury–specific education and frequent assessments improved compliance between TBI-2012 and TBI-2017, resulting in a higher percentage in overall survivors in the latter group.