bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tail risk interdependence
Authors: Polanski Arnold , Stoja Evarist , Chiu Ching‐Wai (Jeremy) 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a framework focused on the interdependence of high‐dimensional tail events. This framework allows us to analyse and quantify tail interdependence at different levels of extremity, decompose it into systemic and residual part and to measure the contribution of a constituent to the interdependence of a system. In particular, tail interdependence can capture simultaneous distress of the constituents of a (financial or economic) system and measure its systemic risk. We investigate systemic distress in several financial datasets confirming some known stylized facts and discovering some new findings. Further, we devise statistical tests of interdependence in the tails and outline some additional extensions.
The entrepreneurial ecosystem of inclusive finance and entrepreneurship: A theoretical and empirical test in China
Authors: Cao Guo‐Hua , Zhang Jing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFrom a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective, we theoretically interpret and empirically testify the mutual promotions between inclusive finance, entrepreneurship, and development. To do so, a two‐period overlapping generation model is introduced to interpret the mechanism, and then a panel vector auto‐regression model based on 31 provinces (and municipalities) in China from 2005 to 2016 is constructed. We find that: (a) Due to the development‐promoting ability, self‐reinforcing ability and multiplying effect, it is possible and worthy to construct a sustainable developing system. (b) However, an insufficient human capital endowment might be a critical obstacle, which is revealed as a precondition of this sustainable system. (c) Moreover, it is necessary to promote sustainable development of financial inclusion and entrepreneurship, due to the lack of directly promoting effect from economic development. (d) Thus, governmental complement is indispensable because of polarization led by the endowed wealth gap, and continuous promotion is appealed due to the transforming lag of mutual promoting feedback.
A GARCH approach to model short‐term interest rates: Evidence from Spanish economy
Authors: Sánchez García Javier , Cruz Rambaud Salvador 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on GARCH modelling of the nominal short‐term interest rates of the Spanish government three‐year bonds. This methodology allows an ex‐ante approximation to this variable which proves to be a valuable alternative against econometric specifications that imply a homoscedastic error term. Then, real short‐term interest rates are estimated by employing the reduced Fisher equation. Eventually, the results obtained are compared with the observed values of the real time‐series in order to measure their accuracy.
Analysis of brain‐facial muscle connection in the static fractal visual stimulation
Authors: Soundirarajan Mirra , Babini Mohammad Hossein , Sim Sue , Nathan Visvamba , Subasi Abdulhamit , Namazi Hamidreza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnalysis of the coupling among the brain and various organs activities is an exciting and new research area of biomedical signal analysis. We decode the correlation among the brain and facial muscle activities during rest and visual stimulation. Fractal analysis is utilized to evaluate the alterations of complexity. In this study, we present different images with different complexities to participants and evaluate how complex structures of electromyography (EMG) signals and electroencephalography (EEG) signals are related. The findings indicate that the alteration of EMG signals' complexity was significant (P value = .0001). Besides, more significant alterations in the EMG and EEG signals' complexities in response to the stimuli with higher complexities were observed. We conclude that the brain and facial muscles activities are related. We can analyze other physiological signals using this method to investigate their relationship with the brain.
Septin 7 is a centrosomal protein that ensures S phase entry and microtubule nucleation by maintaining the abundance of p150glued
Authors: Chen Ting‐Yu , Lin Tzu‐Chien , Kuo Pao‐Lin , Chen Zi‐Rong , Cheng Hui‐ling , Chao Yu‐Ying , Syu Jhih‐Siang , Lu Fu‐I , Wang Chia‐Yih 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeptins play important roles in regulating development and differentiation. Septin 7 (SEPT7) is a crucial component in orchestrating the septin core complex into highly ordered filamentous structures. Here, we showed that genetic depletion of SEPT7 or treatment with forchlorfenuron (FCF; a compound known to affect septin filament assembly) led to reduced the S phase entry in cell models and zebrafish embryos. In addition to colocalizing with actin filaments, SEPT7 resided in the centrosome, and SEPT7 depletion led to aberrant mitotic spindle pole formation. This mitotic defect was rescued in SEPT7‐deficient cells by wild‐type SEPT7, suggesting that SEPT7 maintained mitotic spindle poles. In addition, we observed disorganized microtubule nucleation and reduced cell migration with SEPT7 depletion. Furthermore, SEPT7 formed a complex with and maintained the abundance of p150glued, the component of centriole subdistal appendages. Depletion of p150glued resulted in a phenotype reminiscent of SEPT7‐deficient cells, and overexpression of p150glued reversed the defective phenotypes. Thus, SEPT7 is a centrosomal protein that maintains proper cell proliferation and microtubule array formation via maintaining the abundance of p150glued.
Enhanced biotreatability of petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated mining waste coupled with the attenuation of acid drainage production
Authors: Jugnia Louis‐B. , Drouin Karine , Thériault Pénéloppe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA biostimulation study was conducted on mining waste residue with nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) and/or liming agent (ash or CaCO3) amendment to assess petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) biodegradation efficiency by indigenous microorganisms. Compounds accumulated and/or released by treated samples were also monitored to determine the potential for acid mine drainage production during biostimulation. The potential for natural attenuation (i.e., the biodegradation of PHC contamination) was initially low but increased significantly upon nutrient addition. The best results were obtained when nutrient addition was coupled with the addition of a liming agent, notably CaCO3, which contributed to maintaining near‐neutral pH values. In fact, during treatment without a liming agent, pH decreased due to the oxidation of sulfide minerals, resulting in acid mine drainage production with increased metals released into sample leachates. Sulfur‐ and iron‐oxidizing bacteria were detected primarily in samples not amended with liming agents, and the predominant organisms were affiliated with Acidithiobacillus spp. and Acidiphilium spp. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that amendment with a liming agent when treating PHC‐contaminated mining waste residue contributes to maintaining a pH close to neutrality, mitigates sulfate release, and reduces the release of metals without negatively affecting the activity of PHC degraders.
Scaling up peer‐led community‐based differentiated support for adolescents living with HIV: keeping the needs of youth peer supporters in mind to sustain success
Authors: Bernays Sarah , Tshuma Maureen , Willis Nicola , Mvududu Kudzanayi , Chikeya Adrian , Mufuka Juliet , Cowan Frances , Mavhu Webster 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionLow rates of viral suppression among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) indicate that more effective support is urgently required at scale. The provision of peer support has generated considerable enthusiasm because it has the potential to ameliorate the complex social and relational challenges which underpin suboptimal adherence. Little is known about the impact on young peer supporters themselves, which is the focus of this paper.MethodsWe present qualitative findings from the Zvandiri trial investigating the impact of a peer support intervention on the viral load for beneficiaries (ALHIV, aged 13 to 19 years) in Zimbabwe. The Zvandiri peer supporters aged 18 to 24 years, known as community adolescent treatment supporters (CATS), are themselves living with HIV. Individual in‐depth interviews were conducted in late 2018 with 17 CATS exploring their experiences of delivering peer support and their own support needs. Interviews were analysed iteratively using thematic analysis.ResultsThe CATS reported that being peer supporters improved their own adherence behaviour and contributed to an improved sense of self‐worth. The social connections between the CATS were a source of comfort and enabled them to develop skills to manage the challenging aspects of their work. Two substantial challenges were identified. First, their work may reveal their HIV status. Second, managing the emotional labour of this caring work; given how commonly the complexity of the beneficiaries’ needs mirrored the circumstances of their own difficult lives. Both challenges were ameliorated by the support the CATS provided to each other and ongoing supervision from the adult mentor. There was variation in whether they felt their roles were appropriately valued through the remuneration they received and within the health system. There was a consensus that their experience meant that they would graduate from being a CATS with transferable skills that could enhance their employability.ConclusionsTheir experiences illustrate the advantages and opportunities of being a CATS. To minimize potential harms, it is vital to ensure that they feel valued in their role, which can be demonstrated by the provision of appropriate remuneration, recognition and respect, and that there is continued investment in ongoing support through ongoing training and mentoring.
Fostering successful and sustainable collaborations to advance implementation science: the adolescent HIV prevention and treatment implementation science alliance
Authors: Sturke Rachel , Vorkoper Susan , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Ameyan Wole , Luo Chewe , Allison Susannah , Walker Damilola , Kapogiannis Bill , Guay Laura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionHIV continues to devastate the adolescent population in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The complex array of interpersonal, social, structural and system‐level obstacles specific to adolescents have slowed progress in prevention and treatment of HIV in this population. The field of implementation science holds promise for addressing these challenges.DiscussionThere is growing consensus that enhanced interactions between researchers and users of scientific evidence are important and necessary to tackle enduring barriers to implementation. In 2017, the Fogarty International Center launched the Adolescent HIV Prevention and Treatment Implementation Science Alliance (AHISA) to promote communication and catalyse collaboration among implementation scientists and implementers to enhance the cross‐fertilization of insights as research advances and the implementation environment evolves. This network has identified key implementation science questions for adolescent HIV, assessed how members’ research is addressing them, and is currently conducting a concept mapping exercise to more systematically identify implementation research priorities. In addition, AHSA pinpointed common challenges to addressing these questions and discussed their collective capacity to conduct implementation science using the shared learning approach of the network. Specifically, AHISA addresses challenges related to capacity building, developing mentorship, engaging stakeholders, and involving adolescents through support for training efforts and funding region‐/country‐specific networks that respond to local issues and increase implementation science capacity across SSA.ConclusionsInnovative platforms, like AHISA, that foster collaborations between implementation science researchers, policymakers and community participants to prioritizes research needs and identify and address implementation challenges can speed the translation of effective HIV interventions to benefit adolescent health.
Directed and target focused multi‐sectoral adolescent HIV prevention: Insights from implementation of the ‘DREAMS Partnership’ in rural South Africa
Authors: Chimbindi Natsayi , Birdthistle Isolde , Floyd Sian , Harling Guy , Mthiyane Nondumiso , Zuma Thembelihle , Hargreaves James R , Seeley Janet , Shahmanesh Maryam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe “DREAMS Partnership” promotes a multi‐sectoral approach to reduce adolescent girls and young women's (AGYW) vulnerability to HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa. Despite widespread calls to combine structural, behavioural and biomedical HIV prevention interventions, this has not been delivered at scale. In this commentary, we reflect on the two‐year rollout of DREAMS in a high HIV incidence, rural and poor community in northern KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa to critically appraise the capacity for a centrally co‐ordinated and AGYW‐focused approach to combination HIV prevention to support sustainable development for adolescents.DiscussionDREAMS employed a directed target‐focused approach in which local implementing partners were resourced to deliver defined packages to AGYW in selected geographical areas over two years. We argue that this approach, with high‐level oversight by government and funders, enabled the rapid roll‐out of ambitious multi‐sectoral HIV prevention for AGYW. It was most successful at delivering multiple interventions for AGYW when it built on existing infrastructure and competencies, and/or allocated resources to address existing youth development concerns of the community. The approach would have been strengthened if it had included a mechanism to solicit and then respond to the concerns of young women, for example gender‐related norms and how young women experience their sexuality, and if this listening was supported by versatility to adapt to the social context. In a context of high HIV vulnerability across all adolescents and youth, an over‐emphasis on targeting specific groups, whether geographically or by risk profile, may have hampered acceptability and reach of the intervention. Absence of meaningful engagement of AGYW in the development, delivery and leadership of the intervention was a lost opportunity to achieve sustainable development goals among young people and shift gender‐norms.ConclusionsCentrally directed and target‐focused scale‐up of defined packages of HIV prevention across sectors was largely successful in reaching AGYW in this rural South African setting rapidly. However, to achieve sustainable and successful long‐term youth development and transformation of gender‐norms there is a need for greater adaptability, economic empowerment and meaningful engagement of AGYW in the development and delivery of interventions. Achieving this will require sustained commitment from government and funders.
Molecular interactions and functions of IL-32
Authors: Aass Kristin Roseth , Kastnes Martin H , Standal Therese 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
IL-32 is a multifaceted cytokine associated with several diseases and inflammatory conditions. Its expression is induced in response to cellular stress such as hypoxia, infections, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-32 can be secreted from cells and can induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from several cell types but are also described to have anti-inflammatory functions. The intracellular form of IL-32 is shown to play an important role in various cellular processes, including the defense against intracellular bacteria and viruses and in modulation of cell metabolism. In this review, we discuss current literature on molecular interactions of IL-32 with other proteins. We also review data on the role of intracellular IL-32 as a metabolic regulator and its role in antimicrobial host defense.
MRI of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Xiong Xin , Ye Zheng , Tang Hehan , Wei Yi , Nie Lisha , Wei Xiaocheng , Liu Yang , Song Bin 
Published: September 2020

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are a prevalent disease covering pain and dysfunction of temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles, which can be detrimental to quality of life. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful and noninvasive tool for the imaging and understanding of TMD. With the recent technical development of dynamic and quantitative MRI techniques, including diffusion‐weighted imaging, T2 mapping, and ultrashort/zero echo time, it is now feasible in TMD imaging and has been preliminarily investigated with promising results. In this review we will discuss the recent advances of MRI techniques in TMD and its future directions, and hope to highlight the scientific potential and clinical value of novel MRI techniques in diagnosing and treating TMD.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage3
Streptokinase and streptokinase card: questionnaire validation to evaluate knowledge among post‐STEMI patients in a Malaysian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ang Wei Chern , Ibrahim Arief , Mohd Puad Norfarazila , Abd Karim Nur Amirah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough recombinant tissue plasminogen activator has become the first‐line thrombolytic agent, streptokinase remains in use in acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in Malaysian public hospitals. In a state hospital in Malaysia, all post‐STEMI patients given streptokinase are counselled and issued with a streptokinase card by pharmacists. Due to its highly antigenic nature, knowledge of streptokinase and the streptokinase card serve as an important alert to healthcare providers. This study aimed to develop a validated questionnaire on evaluating knowledge of streptokinase and streptokinase card among post‐STEMI patients.MethodsA Malay language questionnaire was developed based on literature review and standard streptokinase counselling checklist. The questionnaire consists of three parts: demographics, knowledge of streptokinase and understanding of streptokinase card. The content of the questionnaire was revised by eight experts (emergency specialists, physicians and pharmacists) and six patients were interviewed via telephone 2 weeks after being issued with a streptokinase card, to test for comprehensibility. Then, a telephone survey was conducted June‐December 2017 involving another 60 patients to test for construct validity and reliability.ResultsThe questionnaire was finalised by decreasing the overall number of items from 6 to 5 (Section B) and 6 to 4 (Section C). The overall measurement of sample adequacy (MSA) was 0.758. Bartlett's test was highly significant (<0.001). The Cronbach's alpha values for Sections B and C were 0.747 and 0.841, respectively.ConclusionOur nine‐item questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess knowledge of streptokinase and the streptokinase card among Malaysian post‐STEMI patients.
Usability of soapwort and horse chestnut saponin extracts as foaming agents in foam mat drying of pomegranate juice
Authors: Aktas Rumeysa Nur , Tontul Ismail 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study evaluated the usability of saponin‐rich extracts (soapwort and horse chestnut) as a foaming agent for foam mat drying of pomegranate juice.RESULTSAccording to the foaming and stabilization studies, the optimum conditions were determined as 0.4% of soapwort extract, 0.03% of carboxymethyl cellulose as a stabilizer, and 3 min of whipping time. The foams produced using these conditions were dried at different spreading thicknesses and drying temperatures. The results showed that the thicker spreading thicknesses provided a higher antioxidant activity. On the other hand, drying temperature had a significant effect on all measured parameters except moisture content and water activity. The higher drying temperature caused a greater colour change and a lower content of total phenolics, total monomeric anthocyanins, cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, and delphinidin‐3‐glucoside. On the other hand, a higher content of ascorbic acid and better antioxidant activity was determined in the samples dried at 70 °C.CONCLUSIONAccording to the results obtained, spreading thickness of 2 mm and drying temperature of 70 °C were suggested for pomegranate juice powder production by foam mat drying. Overall, it was demonstrated that saponin‐rich extracts are a good foaming agent alternative that provides foaming at very low concentrations and a product with high quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of physicochemical and mechanical properties of edible films made from navy bean and corn starches
Authors: Zhang Yue , Li Yang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, there has been a great interest in developing new applications of edible dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The utilization of starch, comprising the major component of dry bean seeds, for the preparation of edible films has just emerged.RESULTSIn the present study, we chose navy bean as a model dry bean source, isolated its starch component, prepared edible films with different formulations (35 and 40 g L−1), and compared these with the films made using isolated and commercial corn starches. Sunflower oil at 10 g L−1 was dispersed into film‐forming solution to design composite films. The water vapor barrier property, mechanical properties and microstructure of starch films from navy bean and corn were studied to evaluate their potential for use in food packaging. All of the films had smooth and uniform surface and were transparent.CONCLUSIONNavy bean starch film showed physicochemical and mechanical properties comparable to corn starch films, and the addition of sunflower oil could further improve the water vapor barrier and mechanical properties of films. The findings obtained in the present study demonstrate the potential of using navy bean starch to prepare edible films. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of expectations on the level of liking of a local coffee in Mexico
Authors: García‐Barrón Sergio Erick , Gutiérrez‐Salomón Ana Luisa , Jaimez‐Ordaz Judith , Villanueva‐Rodríguez Socorro Josefina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Mexico, coffee activity is mainly carried out in indigenous zones, involving almost one million people. However, local national coffee consumption is low. This article focuses on the analysis of the effect of consumers’ expectations as well as some sociodemographic characteristics on the level of liking of Mexican local coffee. Four coffees from three indigenous zones of Hidalgo, Mexico were evaluated using a nine‐point hedonic scale. The samples were evaluated under three conditions: (i) blind, no information given to the consumer; (ii) expected, only information given to the consumer; and (iii) informed, giving information and product to the consumer.RESULTSThe difference observed between expected and blind condition was significant (P < 0.005) for the three local coffees evaluated, indicating a negative disconfirmation. The local coffees were less appreciated than expected, since the information about the samples created high hedonic expectations among the consumers. The level of education and the place of residence of consumers had a significant influence on their level of liking. Based on demographic characteristics, three segments were found presenting a different pattern of liking.CONCLUSIONSConsumers had positive expectations towards the local coffee. The sociodemographic characteristics and aspects related to consumption, particularly the experience with the product, are decisive in the expectations concerning the local product. This investigation can be useful to generate marketing strategies according to the demands and needs of the market, making local products to be valued. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry