bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variations and Long‐Term Trend of Dust Particle Number Concentration Over the Northeastern United States
Authors: Zhang Yanda , Luo Gan , Yu Fangqun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMineral dust is known to affect cloud and precipitation by serving as ice nuclei, and an increasing number of modeling studies have explicitly related ice nucleation with the dust number concentrations. We examine the seasonal variations and the long‐term trend of dust number concentrations over the northeastern United States (NEUS) during 2000–2017, based on results from a global chemical transport model with size‐resolved particle microphysics (GEOS‐Chem/APM). Comparisons with observations show that GEOS‐Chem/APM can capture most of the strong dust events in the NEUS. The model results indicate that mineral dusts over the NEUS are dominated by dust transported in the lower and middle troposphere (from 2 to 6 km). The number concentrations of dust larger than 500 nm (ND,d > 500nm) vary by over 2 orders of magnitude from nondust‐transport days to event days, and ND,d > 500nm in different seasons can vary by 1 order of magnitude. The frequencies of dust events also show seasonal variation, with most annually top 50% dust events in spring and early summer (March–June) and in fall and early winter (September–December), and stronger dust events mainly in March–June. From 2000 to 2017, the springtime dust event days decrease by about 50% (above‐average dust events), 76% (top 10% events), and 85% (top 5% events), and ND,d > 500nm of strong events decreases by about 50%. Our analysis indicates that these decrease trends are caused by the declining Asian dust loading. The frequencies of dust events in summer have a weaker decreasing trend, and there is no obvious tendency in other seasons.
Spring Aleutian Low Weakening and Surface Cooling Trend in Northwest North America During Recent Decades
Authors: Sun Cheng , Kucharski Fred , Li Jianping , Wang Kaicun , Kang In‐Sik , Lian Tao , Liu Ting , Ding Ruiqiang , Xie Fei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art climate models predict an enhanced warming over global land areas in response to the greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing. In nature, however, the observed land surface warming is not spatially uniform in recent decades as GHG concentration has risen rapidly. There is no warming and even cooling trend in spring northwest North America (NWNA) surface temperature since 1980. Here, we link the observed multidecadal surface cooling trend in NWNA to the weakening of spring Aleutian low (AL), which is ecologically important during the growing season. The AL weakening leads to reductions of southwesterly wind and warm air transport from eastern North Pacific to NWNA. The spring AL weakening and associated NWNA surface cooling are reasonably reproduced by AMIP models, driven by the historical external forcing and imposed sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea surface temperature (SST) from observations. Further investigations into the roles of different forcing components suggest that the changes in the AL are most likely driven by the tropical SST changes in recent decades while the external forcing and SIC play minor roles. There is a zonal dipole pattern of trends in tropical SSTs since 1980, with central‐eastern Pacific cooling and warming in other tropical basins, and the atmospheric responses to this SST change show a meridionally propagating Rossby wave train from tropics into subarctic North Pacific, which mediates the SST forcing and the AL changes.
Modeling the Snow Depth Variability With a High‐Resolution Lidar Data Set and Nonlinear Terrain Dependency
Authors: Skaugen T. , Melvold K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the mountains of Norway, snow depth (SD) is highly variable due to strong winds and open terrain. To investigate snow conditions on one of Europe's largest mountain plateaus, Hardangervidda, we conducted snow measurement campaigns in spring 2008 and 2009 using airborne lidar scanning at the approximate time of annual snow maximum (mid‐April). From 658 empirical distributions of SD at Hardangervidda, each comprised about 4,000 SD values sampled from a grid cell of 0.5 km2, quantitative tests have shown that the gamma distribution is a better fit for SD than the normal and log‐normal distributions. When aggregating snow and terrain data from 10 × 10 m to 0.5 km2, we find that the standard deviation of the terrain parameter squared slope, land cover, and the mean SD are highly correlated (0.7, 0.52, and 0.89) to the standard deviation of SD. A model for SD variance is proposed that, in addition to addressing the dependencies between the variability of SD and the terrain characteristics, also takes into account the observed nonlinear relationship between the mean and the standard deviation of SD. When validated against observed SD variance retrieved from the same area, the model explains 81–83% of the observed variance for spatial scales of 0.5 and 5.1 km2, which compares favorably to previous models. The model parameters can be determined from a GIS analysis of a detailed digital terrain and land cover model and will hence not increase the number of calibration parameters when implemented in environmental models.
Enhanced light-matter interaction in an atomically thin semiconductor coupled with dielectric nano-antennas
Authors: Sortino L. , Zotev P. G. , Mignuzzi S. , Cambiasso J. , Schmidt D. , Genco A. , Aßmann M. , Bayer M. , Maier S. A. , Sapienza R. , Tartakovskii A. I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnique structural and optical properties of atomically thin two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides enable in principle their efficient coupling to photonic cavities having the optical mode volume close to or below the diffraction limit. Recently, it has become possible to make all-dielectric nano-cavities with reduced mode volumes and negligible non-radiative losses. Here, we realise low-loss high-refractive-index dielectric gallium phosphide (GaP) nano-antennas with small mode volumes coupled to atomic mono- and bilayers of WSe$${}_{2}$$

2

. We observe a photoluminescence enhancement exceeding 10$${}^{4}$$

4

compared with WSe$${}_{2}$$

2

placed on planar GaP, and trace its origin to a combination of enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate, favourable modification of the photoluminescence directionality and enhanced optical excitation efficiency. A further effect of the coupling is observed in the photoluminescence polarisation dependence and in the Raman scattering signal enhancement exceeding 10$${}^{3}$$

3

. Our findings reveal dielectric nano-antennas as a promising platform for engineering light-matter coupling in two-dimensional semiconductors.
A 2D hyperspectral library of mineral reflectance, from 900 to 2500 nm
Authors: Fasnacht Laurent , Vogt Marie-Louise , Renard Philippe , Brunner Philip 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMineral identification using machine learning requires a significant amount of training data. We built a library of 2D hyperspectral images of minerals. The library contains reflectance images of 130 samples, of 76 distinct minerals, with more than 3.9 million data points. In order to produce this dataset, various well-characterized mineral samples were scanned, using a SPECIM Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) camera, which captures wavelengths from 900 to 2500 nm. Minerals were selected to represent all the mineral classes and the most common mineral occurrences. For each sample, the following data are provided: (a) At least one hyperspectral image of the sample, consisting of 256 wavelengths between 900 and 2500 nm. The raw data, the high dynamic range (HDR) image, and the masked HDR image are provided for each scan (each of them in HDF5 format). (b) A text file describing the sample, providing supplementary information for the subsequent analysis (c) RGB images (JPEG files) and automated 3D reconstructions (Stanford Triangle PLY files). These data help the user to visualize and understand specific sample characteristics. 2D hyperspectral images were produced for each mineral, which consist of many different spectra with high diversity. The scans feature similar spectra than the ones in other available spectral libraries. An artificial neural network was trained to demonstrate the high quality of the dataset. This spectral library is mainly aimed at training machine learning algorithms, such as neural networks, but can be also used as validation data for other types of classification algorithms.
The ProMotion LMU dataset, prostate intra-fraction motion recorded by transperineal ultrasound
Authors: Ballhausen Hendrik , Li Minglun , Belka Claus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntra-fraction motion of the prostate was recorded during 721 fractions of image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) in 28 patients, 14 of which were treated by intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and 14 of which were treated by volumetric arc therapy (VMAT). The prostate was imaged by three-dimensional and time-resolved transperineal ultrasound (4D-US) of type Clarity by Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden. The prostate volume was registered and the prostate position (center of volume) was recorded at a frequency of 1.6 samples per second. This raw data set contains a total of 380.199 prostate and patient couch positions over a time span of 53 hours, 47 minutes and 29 seconds of life radiotherapy as exported by the instrument software. This data set has been used for the validation of models of prostate intra-fraction motion and for the estimation of the dosimetric impact of actual intra-fraction motion on treatment quality and side effects. We hope that this data set may be reused by other groups for similar purposes.
The scale-invariant, temporal profile of neuronal avalanches in relation to cortical γ–oscillations
Authors: Miller Stephanie R. , Yu Shan , Plenz Dietmar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractActivity cascades are found in many complex systems. In the cortex, they arise in the form of neuronal avalanches that capture ongoing and evoked neuronal activities at many spatial and temporal scales. The scale-invariant nature of avalanches suggests that the brain is in a critical state, yet predictions from critical theory on the temporal unfolding of avalanches have yet to be confirmed in vivo. Here we show in awake nonhuman primates that the temporal profile of avalanches follows a symmetrical, inverted parabola spanning up to hundreds of milliseconds. This parabola constrains how avalanches initiate locally, extend spatially and shrink as they evolve in time. Importantly, parabolas of different durations can be collapsed with a scaling exponent close to 2 supporting critical generational models of neuronal avalanches. Spontaneously emerging, transient γ–oscillations coexist with and modulate these avalanche parabolas thereby providing a temporal segmentation to inherently scale-invariant, critical dynamics. Our results identify avalanches and oscillations as dual principles in the temporal organization of brain activity.
Declining maerl vitality and habitat complexity across a dredging gradient: Insights from in situ sediment profile imagery (SPI)
Authors: Bernard Guillaume , Romero-Ramirez Alicia , Tauran Adeline , Pantalos Michael , Deflandre Bruno , Grall Jacques , Grémare Antoine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMaerl beds form complex biogenic benthic habitats, characterized by high productivity as well as diverse biological communities. Disturbances associated with extraction and/or fishing activities using mobile bottom-contacting gears such as clam-dredges induce the most severe and long-term effects on these fragile habitats. We here investigated the effects of dredge-fishing on maerl in the bay of Brest (France). We quantified maerl beds structure and vitality across a fine scale quantified dredging intensity gradient through the acquisition of in-situ images of beds cross-section using Sediment Profile Imaging system (SPI). Declines in the proxies of maerl vitality and habitat complexity were measured across the gradient, and were associated with significant changes in the vertical distribution of live and dead maerl as well as of interstitial space. Fishing with dredges caused maerl mortality, substratum compaction, and decreasing habitat complexity. SPI imaging techniques also allowed for an assessment of changes in spatial heterogeneity that dredging created on several aspects of the structure and vitality of maerl beds. It suggests that direct and indirect disturbances induced by dredging are not acting at the same spatial scale, and can thereby differentially affect the ecosystem functions linked to vitality and habitat complexity.
Low mutation rate in the TTN gene in paediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy – a pilot study
Authors: Zaklyazminskaya Elena , Mikhailov Vadim , Bukaeva Anna , Kotlukova Natalia , Povolotskaya Inna , Kaimonov Vladimir , Dombrovskaya Anna , Dzemeshkevich Sergey 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIdiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cardiomyopathy with the prevalence of 1:250, and at least one-third of all the cases are inherited. Mutations in the TTN gene are considered as the most frequent cause of inherited DCM and cover 10–30% of the cases. The studies were mainly focused on the adult or mixed age group of patients with DCM. The mutation rate in the TTN gene, the characteristics of manifestations and their prognostic significance in childhood have not been studied. To determine TTN mutation rate in children with DCM and the relevance of including this gene in the DNA diagnostic protocol for paediatric DCM, complete clinical and instrumental examination of 36 DCM patients (up to 18 years) with the manifestation of the disease was conducted in specialised cardiology centres. Molecular genetic testing included sequencing of coding and adjacent regulatory regions of the major cardiac TTN isoform N2BA using IonTorrent ™ semiconductor sequencing (for 25 isolated cases) and trio whole exome sequencing (trio WES)on the Illumina platform (for 11 family cases). Our pilot group included 36 probands with DCM diagnosis first established on the basis of the generally accepted criteria at the age of 5 days to 18 years(average age: 6.5 years). The sex ratio (M:F) was 23: 8. There were 25 sporadic DCM cases and 11 cases of familial DCM (at least one of the parents and/or siblings were also diagnosed with DCM). The only likely pathogenic truncating variant p.Arg33703*in the TTN gene (TTNtv) was found in a 16-year-oldmale proband out of 36 (3%). Apparently, TTN-dependent forms of DCMs manifest later at a young (but older than 18 years) or more mature age, and TTN gene cannot be considered as the first-line genetic testing for DCM in the paediatric group, despite several studies have reported a generally high mutation rate in this gene with DCM. Further research is needed to compare the representation of mutations in the TTN gene in different age groups of DCM patients.
The relationship of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels with pericardial fat: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Magdas Arsenios , Ding Jingzhong , McClelland Robyn L. , Allison Matthew A. , Barter Philip J. , Rye Kerry-Anne , Ong Kwok Leung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious small studies have reported an association between circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels and pericardial fat volume in post-menopausal women and high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk patients. In this study, we investigated the relationship of FGF21 levels with pericardial fat volume in participants free of clinical CVD at baseline. We analysed data from 5765 men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with both pericardial fat volume and plasma FGF21 levels measured at baseline. 4746 participants had pericardial fat volume measured in at least one follow-up exam. After adjusting for confounding factors, ln-transformed FGF21 levels were positively associated with pericardial fat volume at baseline (β = 0.055, p < 0.001). When assessing change in pericardial fat volume over a mean duration of 3.0 years using a linear mixed-effects model, higher baseline FGF21 levels were associated with higher pericardial fat volume at baseline (2.381 cm3 larger in pericardial fat volume per one SD increase in ln-transformed FGF21 levels), but less pericardial fat accumulation over time (0.191 cm3/year lower per one SD increase in ln-transformed FGF21 levels). Cross-sectionally, higher plasma FGF21 levels were significantly associated with higher pericardial fat volume, independent of traditional CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers. However, higher FGF21 levels tended to be associated with less pericardial fat accumulation over time. Nevertheless, such change in pericardial fat volume is very modest and could be due to measurement error. Further studies are needed to elucidate the longitudinal relationship of baseline FGF21 levels with pericardial fat accumulation.
The ability to recognize dog emotions depends on the cultural milieu in which we grow up
Authors: Amici Federica , Waterman James , Kellermann Christina Maria , Karimullah Karimullah , Bräuer Juliane 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInter-specific emotion recognition is especially adaptive when species spend a long time in close association, like dogs and humans. Here, we comprehensively studied the human ability to recognize facial expressions associated with dog emotions (hereafter, emotions). Participants were presented with pictures of dogs, humans and chimpanzees, showing angry, fearful, happy, neutral and sad emotions, and had to assess which emotion was shown, and the context in which the picture had been taken. Participants were recruited among children and adults with different levels of general experience with dogs, resulting from different personal (i.e. dog ownership) and cultural experiences (i.e. growing up or being exposed to a cultural milieu in which dogs are highly valued and integrated in human lives). Our results showed that some dog emotions such as anger and happiness are recognized from early on, independently of experience. However, the ability to recognize dog emotions is mainly acquired through experience. In adults, the probability of recognizing dog emotions was higher for participants grown up in a cultural milieu with a positive attitude toward dogs, which may result in different passive exposure, interest or inclination toward this species.
Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response to Microgravity Stress in Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Liu Peidang , Li Dan , Li Wenjie , Wang Dayong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans is useful for assessing biological effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity. The molecular response of organisms to simulated microgravity is still largely unclear. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR) mediates a protective response against toxicity from environmental exposure in nematodes. Using HSP-6 and HSP-60 as markers of mt UPR, we observed a significant activation of mt UPR in simulated microgravity exposed nematodes. The increase in HSP-6 and HSP-60 expression mediated a protective response against toxicity of simulated microgravity. In simulated microgravity treated nematodes, mitochondria-localized ATP-binding cassette protein HAF-1 and homeodomain-containing transcriptional factor DVE-1 regulated the mt UPR activation. In the intestine, a signaling cascade of HAF-1/DVE-1-HSP-6/60 was required for control of toxicity of simulated microgravity. Therefore, our data suggested the important role of mt UPR activation against the toxicity of simulated microgravity in organisms.
Artificial liver support system therapy in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure: Classification and regression tree analysis
Authors: Huang Kaizhou , Ji Feiyang , Xie Zhongyang , Wu Daxian , Xu Xiaowei , Gao Hainv , Ouyang Xiaoxi , Xiao Lanlan , Zhou Menghao , Zhu Danhua , Li Lanjuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArtificial liver support systems (ALSS) are widely used to treat patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). The aims of the present study were to investigate the subgroups of patients with HBV-ACLF who may benefit from ALSS therapy, and the relevant patient-specific factors. 489 ALSS-treated HBV-ACLF patients were enrolled, and served as derivation and validation cohorts for classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. CART analysis identified three factors prognostic of survival: hepatic encephalopathy (HE), prothrombin time (PT), and total bilirubin (TBil) level; and two distinct risk groups: low (28-day mortality 10.2–39.5%) and high risk (63.8–91.1%). The CART model showed that patients lacking HE and with a PT ≤ 27.8 s and a TBil level ≤455 μmol/L experienced less 28-day mortality after ALSS therapy. For HBV-ACLF patients with HE and a PT > 27.8 s, mortality remained high after such therapy. Patients lacking HE with a PT ≤ 27.8 s and TBil level ≤ 455 μmol/L may benefit markedly from ALSS therapy. For HBV-ACLF patients at high risk, unnecessary ALSS therapy should be avoided. The CART model is a novel user-friendly tool for screening HBV-ACLF patient eligibility for ALSS therapy, and will aid clinicians via ACLF risk stratification and therapeutic guidance.
Application of C-face dislocation conversion to 2 inch SiC crystal growth on an off-axis seed crystal
Authors: Liu Xinbo , Zhu Can , Harada Shunta , Tagawa Miho , Ujihara Toru 
Published: November 2019

Combination of outward solution flow and off-axis 4H-SiC seed crystal resulted in inhomogeneities in the surface morphology and thus a distribution of TSD conversion.
Long non-coding RNA TCONS_00000200 as a non-invasive biomarker in patients with intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Wu Chenghan , Song Hailong , Wang Yinzhou , Gao Lili , Cai Yali , Cheng Qiong , Chen Yanru , Zheng Zheng , Liao Yuansheng , Lin Jushan , Xie Buni , Cai Weiwu , Li Shiju , Liao Lianming , Yan Xiaohua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We performed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) microarray assay to identify lncRNAs with differential expression between patients with intracranial aneurysm (IA) and healthy control individuals to evaluate their potential use as biomarkers of IA. Arraystar Human lncRNA Microarray v3.0 was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in plasma samples (4 ml). lncRNAs with the most pronounced differential expression were used to select gene markers, and results were validated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Plasma levels of TCONS_00000200 (fold change: 2.28) and ENST00000511927 (fold change: 2.50) were significantly higher in IA patients than in healthy individuals (P&lt;0.001), and plasma levels of ENST00000421997 (fold change: 0.45) and ENST00000538202 (fold change: 0.43) were significantly lower in IA patients than in healthy individuals (P&lt;0.001). qRT-PCR confirmed the same trends of up- and down-regulation of these four lncRNAs. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for TCONS_00000200 showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.963 (95% confidence interval, 0.919–1.000), optimal cut-off point was 0.0081, sensitivity was 90.0%, and specificity was 96.7%. These results indicate that the lncRNA TCONS_00000200 is differentially expressed in the plasma of IA patients and could serve as a biomarker of IA.