bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic Social Networking Sites are Smaller, Denser Networks Conducive to Formal Identity Management, Whereas Academic Twitter is Larger, More Diffuse, and Affords More Space for Novel Connections
Authors: Goldstein Scott 
Published: March 2020

A Review of:
Jordan, K. (2019). Separating and merging professional and personal selves online: The structure and processes that shape academics’ ego-networks on academic social networking sites and Twitter. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 70(8), 830-842. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24170
Abstract
Objective – To examine the structure of academics’ online social networks and how academics understand and interpret them.
Design – Mixed methods consisting of network analysis and semi-structured interviews.
Setting – Academics based in the United Kingdom.
Subjects – 55 U.K.-based academics who use an academic social networking site and Twitter, of whom 18 were interviewed.
Methods – For each subject, ego-networks were collected from Twitter and either ResearchGate or Academia.edu. Twitter data were collected primarily via the Twitter API, and the social networking site data were collected either manually or using a commercial web scraping program. Edge tables were created in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and imported into Gephi for analysis and visualization. A purposive subsample of subjects was interviewed via Skype using a semi-structured format intended to illuminate further the network analysis findings. Transcripts were deductively coded using a grounded theory-based approach.
Main Results – Network analysis replicated earlier findings in the literature. A large number of academics have relatively few connections to others in the network, while a small number have relatively many connections. In terms of reciprocity (the proportion of mutual ties or pairings out of all possible pairings that could exist in the network), arts and humanities disciplines were significantly more reciprocal. Communities (measured using the modularity algorithm, which looks at the density of links within and between different subnetworks) are more frequently defined by institutions and research interests on academic social networking sites and by research interests and personal interests on Twitter. The overall picture was reinforced by the qualitative analysis. According to interview participants, academic social networking sites reflect pre-existing professional relationships and do not foreground social interaction, serving instead as a kind of virtual CV. By contrast, Twitter is analogized to a conference coffee break, where users can form new connections.
Conclusion – Academic social networking sites exhibit networks that are smaller, denser, more clustered around discrete modularity classes, and more reciprocal. Twitter networks are larger and more diffuse, which is more conducive to fostering novel connections. The author makes suggestions for how academic social networking sites could encourage network building and rethink how academic reputation is measured.
The Relationship between Quality of Life Related to Oral Health Status in 8-10-year-old students in Shiraz during 2016-2017
Authors: Amiri Masoud , Barfi Raheleh , Amiri Saeed , Mansouri Seyedeh Reyhaneh , Askarpour Hassan , Lordjani Mehdi 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Oral health affects not only the oral cavity but also the physical, mental and physical condition of children. Untreated dental caries in children gives us a rational view of how a child's growth, and quality of life are. Given the high prevalence of oral problems in children, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of life associated with oral health in 8-10-year-old children in Shiraz.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional one. For this study, 315 students from 8 to 10 years old in the city of Shiraz in the year 2017 from the 4 regions were selected using stratified and cluster sampling - . After obtaining written consent from parents, children were interviewed about demographic characteristics and the impact of oral problems on daily activities (child-OIDP = Oral impact on daily performance). Then PUFA/pufa (pulp-ulcer-fistula-abscess) index was determined. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.22 and Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression at a significant level of 0.05.
Results: 315 students were studied, including 154 male and 161 female. 69.8% of children had experienced at least one oral problem in their daily activities during the past three months. The biggest problem for children was eating (30.7%). Most of the problems were due to pain and bleeding from the gums (34.8%). The child-OIDP quality of life index had no significant relationship with the age of the children studied (p = 0.43). There was a significant relationship between mean child-OIDP index and untreated caries index (pufa) (p = 0.001) and the total untreated caries index (PUFA + pufa) (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: The present study showed the significant impact of oral diseases on reducing the quality of life in children. To improve the quality of life associated with oral health in children, measures should be taken to prevent oral diseases and to improve their access to health care.
Spontaneous Osteonecrosis/Subchondral Insufficiency Fractures of the Knee
Authors: Pareek Ayoosh , Parkes Chad W. , Bernard Christopher , Camp Christopher L. , Saris Daniel B.F. , Stuart Michael J. , Krych Aaron J. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee has recently been termed subchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee (SIFK) to appropriately recognize the etiology of mechanical overloading of the subchondral bone. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical outcomes of SIFK based on progression to surgical treatment and arthroplasty, and to evaluate the risk factors that increase the progression to arthroplasty.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed on patients with a diagnosis of SIFK, as confirmed with use of magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Baseline and final radiographs were reviewed. Baseline MRIs were also reviewed for injury characteristics. Failure was defined as progression to surgical treatment or conversion to arthroplasty.

Results:
Two hundred twenty-three patients (71% female) with a mean age of 65.1 years were included. SIFK affected 154 femora (69%) and 123 tibiae (55%), with medial compartment involvement in 198 knees (89%); 74% of medial menisci had root or radial tears, with a mean extrusion of 3.6 mm. Varus malalignment was identified in 54 (69%) of 78 knees. Seventy-six (34%) of all patients progressed to surgical intervention at 2.7 years, and 66 (30%) underwent arthroplasty at 3.0 years. The rates of conversion to surgical intervention and arthroplasty increased to 47% (37 of 79; p = 0.04) and 37% (29 of 79; p = 0.09), respectively, in patients with >5 years of follow-up. The 10-year survival rate free of arthroplasty for patients with SIFK on the medial femoral condyle (p < 0.01), SIFK on the medial tibial plateau (p < 0.01), medial meniscal extrusion (p = 0.01), varus alignment (p = 0.02), and older age (per year older; p = 0.003) was significantly higher than the survival rates of those without each respective condition.

Conclusions:
Subchondral insufficiency fractures predominantly involve the medial compartment of the knee and commonly present with medial meniscal root and radial tears. Approximately one-third of patients progressed to total knee arthroplasty. Baseline arthritis, older age, location of the insufficiency fracture on both the medial femoral condyle and medial tibial plateau, meniscal extrusion, and varus malalignment were all associated with progression to arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Bone-Graft Resorption Reduced by the Induced Membrane Technique and Factors Affecting Volumetric Changes
Authors: Cho Jae-Woo , Kent William T. , Oh Chang-Wug , Kim Beom-Soo , Cho Won-Tae , Oh Jong-Keon 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Little is known about the volumetric changes of grafted bone over time when using the induced membrane technique. This study investigates the volumetric changes of bone graft using serial computed tomographic (CT) scans following the induced membrane technique.

Methods:
Patients with critical-sized bone defects had serial CT scans after undergoing bone-grafting using the induced membrane technique. CT scans to evaluate the volume of bone graft were obtained immediately postoperatively and at 6 and 12 months. The change in the volume of bone graft was determined at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Patient demographic characteristics, the location and composition of the bone graft, and the type of fixation construct were analyzed.

Results:
Forty patients met inclusion criteria. There were 27 tibiae and 13 femora with a mean size defect of 8.6 cm (range, 2.5 to 20.6 cm). Of these patients, 21 received autograft with cancellous bone graft and 19 received mixed autogenous bone with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) at a mean time of 17 weeks after the membrane formation. For the first 6 months, there was an overall osseous resorption of −9.9%. The overall graft volume from 6 to 12 months demonstrated an increase of osseous volume by +1.6%. For the entire 12-month period, there was a mean graft volume resorption of −8.3%. A correlation was found between the early volumetric changes of grafted bone and the percentage of DBM in the graft mixture. A correlation was also found between the late volumetric changes and the location of defect or the type of fixation.

Conclusions:
At 1 year after use of the induced membrane technique for the treatment of a critical-sized bone defect, resorption of the grafted bone averaged −8.3%. The volumetric changes were influenced by the property of the grafted bone, the fixation construct, and the location of the defect.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Forearm Deformity and Radial Head Dislocation in Pediatric Patients with Hereditary Multiple Exostoses
Authors: Huang Peng , Zhu Lining , Ning Bo 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Ulnar lengthening is a consensus treatment for hereditary multiple exostoses with radial head dislocation in pediatric patients; however, the optimal amount of ulnar lengthening remains unclear. It is necessary to look for a parameter to decide the amount of ulnar lengthening that will avoid recurrence and complications. The purpose of the present study was to confirm that proportional ulnar length (ulnar length/radial length) can be used as a scale for ulnar lengthening in pediatric patients.

Methods:
The normal lengths of the ulna and radius in the pediatric population were measured in different age groups. The proportional ulnar length was calculated as ulnar length/radial length in each group. Thirty forearms in 26 patients with radial head dislocation were treated with ulnar lengthening and deformity correction. The goal of ulnar lengthening was to recover the normal proportional ulnar length. The function of the forearm was evaluated at the time of the latest follow-up. The preoperative and postoperative values for radial bowing, radioarticular angle, ulnar variance, and carpal slip were also compared.

Results:
The value of proportional ulnar length in the normal population consistently averaged approximately 1.1. In all cases, proportional ulnar length recovered to the normal value of 1.1. Reduction of the dislocated radial head was achieved in 28 forearms (93%); in 16 of these forearms, good-quality reduction was achieved and no recurrence of radial head dislocation was observed during follow-up. The function of the forearm improved markedly (p < 0.001). Ulnar variance improved from 2.51 to −0.79 cm (p < 0.001). Radial deformities improved according to measurements of radial bowing and the radioarticular angle (p < 0.001). All parents were satisfied with the postoperative appearance and function of the forearm.

Conclusions:
Proportional ulnar length could be used as a scale to decide the amount of ulnar lengthening for radial head dislocation in pediatric patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. Ulnar lengthening according to proportional ulnar length and deformity correction can prevent recurrence of ulnar variance and avoid impingement of the wrist.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
How to put into practice the Integration Methods
Authors: Shirinoy Sadilloyevna Umarova 
Published: March 2020

Till graduating bachelor's degree at University it is admittable fact that most graduators essentially practice only on receiving specific knowledge, resulted that the lack of Utilisation of educational intelligence that is way it is purposed to lead the fresh bachelors of pedagogical units of High Education getting on how to deliver their learners obtained substances. It is directed that analyzing of Integration that promptable comprehensive Methodology on Teaching English language. Furthermore, the strategies of the integrating skills and the techniques about how to present knowledge during the procedure of lesson at GES (general education schools). It is brilliant brief instruction not only for the new teachers who just starting working with learners but also for the experienced teachers.
Efficiency of Green Algae Chlorella vulgaris in Remediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (Anthracene) from Culture Media
Authors: Et al. Juda 
Published: March 2020

The fresh water green alga Chlorella vulgaris was selected to study its ability to degrade one of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs)known is anthracene (ANT). ANT is widely used in artificial products such as wood preservatives; insecticides; dye and coating materials. This algae was cultivated in CH-10 medium under constant laboratory conditions and exposed to different concentrations (1, 3, and 5 mg/l) of anthracene for 3, 5, 7, 9 and 15 days, with the concentration of ANT measured by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis (HPLC). The results showed that C.vulgaris has high ability to reduce anthracene to 80% at 1mg/Lcon centration after 3 days and 100% after 5 days, while at 3 and 5 mg / L concentration, the highest percentages were 89% and 99%, respectively after 9 days, with the complete removal (100%) was achieved after 15 days. The results indicate that this alga(C. vulgaris) has high ability for remediation of ANT and yield not toxic compound to environment
Detection of 16S rRNA Methylases and Co-Resistance with β-lactams among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Iraqi Patients
Authors: Et al. Mustafa 
Published: March 2020

Out of 150 clinical samples, 50 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified according to morphological and biochemical properties. These isolates were collected from different clinical samples, including 15 (30%) urine, 12 (24%) blood, 9 (18%) sputum, 9 (18%) wound, and 5 (10%) burn. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay revealed that 25 (50%) of isolates were resistant to gentamicin (≥16µg/ml), 22 (44%) of isolates were resistant to amikacin (≥64 µg/ml), 21 (42%) of isolates were resistant to ertapenem (≥8 µg/ml), 18 (36%) of isolates were resistant to imipenem (4- ≥16µg/ml), 43 (86%) of isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (4- ≥64 µg/ml), 42 (84%) of isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (16-64 µg/ml), and 40 (80%) of isolates were resistant to cefepime (4- ≥16µg/ml). Co-Resistance for both β-lactams and aminoglycosides were detected among 25 (50%) of K. pneumoniae isolates. The extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected among 25 (50%) of K. pneumoniae isolates. Screening of 16S rRNA methylases encoding genes revealed that armA was found in 5 (10%) of K. pneumoniae isolates, whereas rmtB was not found among K. pneumoniae isolates. DNA sequencing of armA revealed that the presence of missense mutations in which affected in the translation of protein by substitutions of amino acids, leading to increase the resistance values of MICs for gentamicin and amikacin. These variants were registered in NCBI at the accession number LC373258. The phylogenetic tree of armA variants showed a slight deviation of these variants from K. pneumoniae species.
Removing of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions Using Dried Yogurt, and Studying Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters
Authors: Et al. Sultan 
Published: March 2020

In this study, Yogurt was dried and milled, then shaked with distilled water to remove the soluble materials, then again dried and milled. Batch experiments were carried out to remove hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions. Different parameters were optimized such as amount of adsorbent, treatment time, pH and concentration of adsorbate. The concentrations of Cr6+ in solutions are determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Maximum percentage removal of Cr6+ was 82% at pH 2. Two equilibrium adsorption isotherms mechanisms are tested Langmuir and Freundlich, the results showed that the isotherm obeyed to Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic models were applied to the adsorption of Cr6+ ions on the adsorbents, pseudo-first-order, the pseudo second-order respectively. Results showed that pseudo second-order kinetic model was applicable to the experimental data well. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGº, ΔHº and ΔSº were calculated. ∆H°, ∆S° and ΔGº for this study were negative indicating that the process is exothermic, while negative values of ΔGº indicate spontaneous process.
Measuring Uranium Concentrations in Soil Samples of Midland Refineries Company - Doura - Baghdad – Iraq
Authors: Et al. Mahdi 
Published: March 2020

In this study, the CR-39 detector technique was used, to estimate the uranium concentration from the soil in midland refineries Company (Doura refine (, Baghdad, Iraq. Uranium concentrations in soil samples have been measured using solid state nuclear track detector type CR-39. Nine soil samples were collected from different areas within the Doura refinery and other soil samples were collected form Abu Tayara Street and ALshortaa District outside the refinery for comparison. The results showed variable values for uranium concentrations. The average value of uranium concentration was found to be 0.37 ppm in doura refinery. For areas outside the refinery, the concentration of uranium was 0.008 ppm. These results were less than the global limit.
An Analysis of a Partial Temporary Immunity SIR Epidemic Model with Nonlinear Treatment Rate
Authors: Et al. Majeed 
Published: March 2020

A partial temporary immunity SIR epidemic model involv nonlinear treatment rate is proposed and studied. The basic reproduction number is determined. The local and global stability of all equilibria of the model are analyzed. The conditions for occurrence of local bifurcation in the proposed epidemic model are established. Finally, numerical simulation is used to confirm our obtained analytical results and specify the control set of parameters that affect the dynamics of the model.
Clasificación teórica de los costos
Authors: Rincón-Soto Carlos Augusto , Sánchez-Mayorga Ximena , Cardona-Restrepo Lelia Marcela 
Published: March 2020

Rev.esc.adm.neg
En este artículo se realiza una explicación teórica sobre las diferentes estructuras de categorización de costos, dado que la literatura clásica sobre este tema no permite que se integren nuevas categorías. En consideración al carácter práctico de dichos contenidos fue necesario realizar un análisis estructuralista que permitiera explicar las relaciones lógicas y semánticas que deberían utilizarse en la formulación de conceptos para la clasificación de los componentes de los costos. En la primera parte se discute, entonces, la simetría entre las categorías de la información de costos y la situación que representan. En la segunda se explica por qué dicha información se presenta en indicadores. Posteriormente, se caracteriza cómo se clasifican los fenómenos de costos y cuáles son las reglas que se han seguido para formular los taxones con los que se representa actualmente la información y finalmente, se exponen los procesos de componetización de los costos. De este modo fue posible concluir que se debe establecer una correspondencia entre los cambios de las nuevas formas contractuales económicas y los ajustes en las formas conceptuales de los costos a fin de que siga representando el consumo real en el proceso productivo, puesto que, de lo contrario, la contabilidad de costos se alejará de su función básica, esto es, describir la situación de los egresos para la evaluación, el control y la toma de decisiones bajo nuevos tipos de contratos y mercados.
Integration of Pressure Transient Data into Reservoir Models Using the Fast Marching Method
Authors: Li Chen , King Michael J. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryCalibration of reservoir model properties by integration of well-test data remains an important research topic. Well-test data have been recognized as an effective tool to describe transient flow behavior in petroleum reservoirs. It is also closely related to the drainage volume of the well and the pressure-front propagation in the subsurface. Traditional analytic means of estimating reservoir permeability relies on an interpretation of the diagnostic plot of the well pressure and production data, which usually leads to a bulk average estimation of the reservoir permeability. When more detailed characterization is needed, a forward model that is sensitive to the reservoir heterogeneity needs to be established, and a numerical inversion technique is required.We use the concept of the diffusive time of flight (DTOF) to formulate an asymptotic solution of the diffusivity equation that describes transient flow behavior in heterogeneous petroleum reservoirs. The DTOF is obtained from the solution of the Eikonal equation using the fast marching method (FMM). It can be used as a spatial coordinate that reduces the 3D diffusivity equation to an equivalent 1D formulation. We investigate the drainage-volume evolution as a function of time in terms of the DTOF. The drainage volume might be directly related to the well-test derivative, which can be used in an inversion calculation to calibrate reservoir model parameters.The analytic sensitivity coefficients of the well-test derivative with respect to reservoir permeability are derived and incorporated into an objective function to perform model calibration. The key to formulating the sensitivity coefficients is to use the functional derivative of the Eikonal equation to derive the analytic sensitivity of the DTOF to reservoir permeability. Its solution is implemented by tracking the characteristic trajectory of the local Eikonal solver within the FMM. The major advantage of calculating the sensitivity coefficients using the FMM is its significant computational efficiency during the iterative inversion process.This inverse-modeling approach is tested on a 2D synthetic heterogeneous reservoir model and then applied to the 3D Brugge Field, where a single well with constant flow rate is simulated. The well-test derivative is shown to be inversely proportional to the drainage volume and is treated as the objective function for inversion. With an additional constraint to honor the prior model, our inverse-modeling approach will adjust the reservoir model to obtain permeability as a function of distance from the well within the drainage volume. It provides a modification of reservoir permeability both within and beyond the depth of investigation (DOI).