bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous melatonin Action on hormonal levels, implantation sites and Mel1a receptor expression and PRL-II in ovaries of pinealectomized rats induced hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Tenório Fernanda das Chagas Angelo Mendes , Costa Marcos Aurélio Santos , Britto Diana Babini Lapa de Albuquerque , Oliveira Maria Luísa Figueira , Guedes Geovanna Hachyra Facundo , Gomes José Anderson da Silva , Carvalho Jennyfer Martins de , Arruda Otaciana Otacilia , Novis Pedro Vinícius Silva , Silva Maria Eduarda , Gonzaga Bárbara Silva , Filho Manoel Adrião Gomes , Silva Diogo Manoel Farias da , D'assunção Carolline Guimarães , Silva Edson João da , Teixeira Álvaro Aguiar Coelho , Teixeira Valéria Wanderley 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of exogenous melatonin and the induction of hyperprolactinemia on estrogen, prolactin and progesterone levels, implantation sites and expression of Mel1a and PRL-II receptors in pinealectomized rats ovaries, during the third Initial pregnancy. We Used 35 rats divided into groups: I-rats Sham-pinealectomized (Sham); II – pinealectomized rats (P); III-pinealectomized rats treated with melatonin (P + Honey); IV-pinealectomized rats treated with domperidone (P + Domp); Pinealectomized V-rats treated with melatonin and domperidone (P + Honey/Domp); VI-rats treated with saline + ethanol (placebo honey) and VII-rats treated with saline solution (placebo domp). Melatonin (200μg/100g) and/or Domperidone (4mg/kg) was applied until the 7th day of gestation. The expression of the MEL1A receptor was low in the ovaries of rats P and P + Mel. The PRL-II receptor did not present differences between the groups as well as in the estrogen levels. Prolactin levels were elevated in rats treated with domperidone, while progesterone showed low levels in rats P and P + Domp. The weight and number of implantation sites were reduced in rats P and P + Mel, with no alteration in the weight of the ovaries. Thus, it is concluded that Hyperprolactinemia promotes an increase in the expression of the Mel1a receptor in the ovaries, at the beginning of pregnancy in pinealectomized rats, however without altering the expression of the PRLII receptor. In These animals, prolactin levels were kept elevated regardless of the presence or absence of melatonin, but there seems to be a synergistic effect when melatonin is associated with hyperprolactinemia and that melatonin is a preponderant factor for Maintenance of progesterone levels. Prolactin seems to play an important role during the implantation process.
Differential susceptibility of Onchocerca volvulus microfilaria to ivermectin in two areas of contrasting history of mass drug administration in Cameroon: Relevance of microscopy and molecular techniques for the monitoring of skin microfilarial repopulation within six months of direct observed treatment
Authors: Abong Raphael Awah , Amambo Glory N. , Ndongmo Patrick W. Chounna , Njouendou Abdel Jelil , Manuel Ritter , Beng Amuam Andrew , Esum Mathias Eyong , Deribe Kebede , Cho Jerome Fru , Fombad Fanny Fri , Nji Theobald Mue , Enyong Peter Ivo , Poole Catherine B. , Pfarr Kenneth , Hoerauf Achim , Carlow Clotilde K.S. , Wanji Samuel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Ivermectin is an excellent microfilaricide against Onchocerca volvulus. However, in some regions, long term use of ivermectin has resulted in sub-optimal responses to the treatment. More data to properly document the phenomenon in various contexts of ivermectin mass drug administration (IVM-MDA) is needed. Also, there is a need to accurately monitor a possible repopulation of skin by microfilariae following treatment. Microscopy is known to have low sensitivity to detect skin microfilariae, when their density is low following treatment. This study was designed with two complementary objectives: (i) to assess the susceptibility of O. volvulus microfilariae to ivermectin in situations of contrasting history of treatments, and (ii) to document the repopulation of skin by the O. volvulus microfilariae following treatment, comparing the performances of 3 independent diagnostic techniques.

Method

Identified microfilaridermic individuals were treated with ivermectin and re-examined after 1, 3, and 6 months using microscopy, real-time PCR and LAMP assays. Susceptibility to ivermectin and trends in detecting reappearance of skin microfilariae were reported for the three techniques. Microscopy was used as an imperfect gold standard to determine the performance characteristics of real-time PCR and LAMP assay.

Results

In Bafia with over 20 years of IVM-MDA, 11/51 (21.6%) treated microfilaridemic participants where still positive for skin microfilariae after 1 month. In Melong, with 10 years of IVM-MDA, 2/29 (6.9%) treated participants were still positive. The microfilarial density reduction per skin biopsy within one month following treatment was significantly lower in participants from Bafia, but the pattern in the two sites was similar.

In both study sites, the molecular techniques detected higher proportions of infected individuals than microscopy at all monitoring time points. LAMP assay showed lower specificity compared to real-time PCR and microscopy, but had comparable sensitivity to real-time PCR and significantly higher sensitivity than microscopy.

Conclusion

Patterns in skin mirofilarial clearance and repopulation were established. O . volvulus worms from Bafia with higher number of annual MDA were less susceptible to ivermectin. Molecular assays displayed higher sensitivity in monitoring O. volvulus microfilaridemia within six months following treatment.
Bone scan index on bone scintigraphy and radiation therapy for bone metastases from cancers other than prostate and breast cancers: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Ishibashi Naoya , Maebayashi Toshiya , Kimura Yuki , Okada Masahiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

A low bone scan index that is associated with a better prognosis in patients with bone metastases from prostate or breast cancer, the former often being osteolytic, has been established. In this study we aimed to use new automatic analysis software (VSBONE BSI; Nihon Medi-Physics, Tokyo, Japan) to investigate whether the pre-radiation therapy bone scan index, derived from bone scintigraphy images, is a prognostic indicator in patients undergoing radiation therapy for bone metastases from cancers other than breast or prostate cancer.
Methods

In this retrospective single institution study, we analyzed data of 51 patients who had undergone whole-body scintigraphy before receiving radiation therapy for bone metastases from cancers other than breast and prostate cancer between 2013 and 2019. Their bone metastases were classified as osteoblastic, osteolytic, or mixed and their pre-radiation bone scan indexes were automatically calculated using newly developed software (VSBONE BSI; Nihon Medi-Physics, Tokyo, Japan). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify associations between selected clinical variables and overall survival.
Results

We did not find a significant association between BSI and overall survival, possibly because osteolytic lesions may be underestimated by bone scan indexes. However, we did find that younger patients (aged less than the median of 66 years at the time of bone scintigraphy or of diagnosis of bone metastases) had significantly better overall survivals than older patients (P = 0.016 and P = 0.036, respectively). Additionally, bone scan indexes were significantly lower in patient with solitary or osteolytic bone metastases than in those with osteoblastic or mixed bone metastases (P = 0.035 and P = <0.001, respectively), and significantly higher in those with lung cancer than in those with other types of cancer (mean BSI 3.26% vs. 1.97%; P = 0.009).
Conclusions

The only significant association with survival identified in this study was for age at the time of bone scintigraphy and at time of diagnosis of bone metastases. In particular, we found no association between bone scan index and survival in the whole study cohort.
The impact of immunotherapy on the survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients who received definitive surgery of the pancreatic tumor: A retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Amin Saber , Baine Michael , Meza Jane , Alam Morshed , Lin Chi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy has paved the way for new therapeutic opportunities in cancer but has failed to show any efficacy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and its therapeutic role remains unclear. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, RT, and chemoradiation on the overall survival (OS) of PDAC patients who received definitive surgery of the tumor using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods: Patients with PDAC who received definitive surgery of the pancreatic tumor and were diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 from the NCDB were identified. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to assess the survival difference between patients who received chemotherapy plus immunotherapy and chemoradiation therapy plus immunotherapy and their counterparts who only receive these treatments without immunotherapy. The multivariable analysis was adjusted for age of diagnosis, race, sex, place of living, income, education, treatment facility type, insurance status, year of diagnosis, and treatment types such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Results: In total, 63,154 PDAC patients who received definitive surgery of the tumor were included in the analysis. Among the 63,154 patients, 636 (1.01%) received immunotherapy. Among patients who received chemotherapy (21,355), and chemoradiation (21,875), 157/21,355 (0.74%) received chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, and 451/21,875 (2.06%) received chemoradiation plus immunotherapy. Patients who received chemoradiation plus immunotherapy had significantly improved median OS compared to patients who only received chemoradiation with an absolute median OS benefit of 5.7 [29.31 vs. 23.66; p <0.0001] months. In the multivariable analysis, patients who received immunotherapy had significantly improved OS compared to patients who did not receive immunotherapy (HR: 0.90; CI: 0.81-0.99; P <0.039). Patients who received chemoradiation plus immunotherapy had significantly improved OS compared to their counterparts who only received chemoradiation without immunotherapy (HR: 0.85 CI: 0.75-0.95; P <0.008). Conclusions: In this study, the addition of immunotherapy to chemoradiation therapy was associated with significantly improved OS in PDAC patients who received definitive surgery. The study warrants further future clinical trials of immunotherapy in PDAC.
Analyzing and Evaluating Industrial Ecology Development Model in Iran
Authors: Padash Amin , Vahidi Hossein , Nematollahi Hossein , Fattahi Reza 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background:Industrial estates are one of the major centers of producing energy and industrial waste in the country.One of the important points of establishing industrial units in industrial towns and areas is to pay attention to industrial ecology; rotating economic policies with industrial ecological approach should be formed in industrial towns and the limitation of vital resources should never be neglected. The industry should be used as another industry input. Given that this trend and approach does not exist in Iran, this study seeks to investigate and analyze the factors influencing the launch of the industrial ecology perspective in Iran. Developing Industrial Ecology (IE) faces significant obstacles. However, the aim of this study is to evaluate the barriers due to a combination model, including DPSIR and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). To prioritize the responses (alternatives) regards to the driving forces, pressures, states, and impacts (criteria), the hierarchy of the model are established. In this research, for the purpose of identifying and prioritizing effective factors and analyzing research results, the opinions of 44 experts in the field of waste and environment, industrial engineering and industrial process were used.Result:In the first step of the results, based on the experts' point of view and study background and the experience of the last ten years of the world's leading countries, the general framework proposed by DPSIR for IE was presented. For the comparison of two fuzzy numbers, a novel division methods using concept was used. Due to the field studies, 18 criteria and four responses are suggested. Each of the main axes of the DPSIR model was carefully analyzed and in 4 radar diagrams, the analysis of each factor was presented. The first factor (R2) Improve IE law, with Final Weight (FW) 0.251, was selected as the first priority in the IE development model in Iran. Subsequent factors, in order of final weight, included (R3) Establish IE national database (0.246), (R4) Modify industries clustering (0.249) and (R1) Industries training (0.225).Conclusion:Industrial ecology in Iran has been failed to notices so far. The results males it crystal clear that the concepts of industrial ecology have not been implemented in Iran’s industrial estates. Based on the results of the analysis and the explanations provided, the proposed action plans for developing the industrial ecology model of Iran. This action provides a legal guarantee for the development of industrial ecology. Therefore, it can be said that the proposed route is the most reliable way to succeed based on current local and regional conditions in Iran.
Understanding staff views and experiences of a clinical practice change to reduce stillbirth in South Asian born women: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Davies-Tuck Miranda , Ruzic Mikayla , Davey Mary-Ann , Hodges Ryan , Nowotny Benjamin , Flenady Vicki , Andrews Christine , Wallace Euan M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To capture the views and experiences of clinical staff following the implementation of a new clinical guideline aimed at reducing stillbirth at term in South Asian women, to identify barriers to implementation. Methods: Cross sectional survey of clinical staff providing maternity care, including midwives, obstetricians and shared-care general practitioner at a Victorian metropolitan university-affiliated teaching hospital caring for about 10,000 women per year at three separate hospital sites. Staff were asked to provide their agreement with ten statements assessing: perceived need for the guideline, implementation processes, guideline clarity, and clinical application. Two open-ended questions provided opportunities to express concerns and offer suggestions for improvement. Results: 120 staff completed the survey, the majority (n=89, 74%) of which were midwives. The majority of staff thought the guideline was clear with respect to the rationale (n=95, 79%,), the criteria for whom they applied (83%, n=99), and the procedures and instructions within the guideline were clear (74%, n=89). However, staff reported an increase in workload following the implementation of the guideline (72%, n=86) and expressed concerns related to rationale and evaluation of the guidelines, lack of education for staff and women, increased workload and insufficient resources, and patient safety and access to care. Challenges relating to shared decision making and communicating with women whose first language is not English were also identified. Conclusion: This assessment of staff views and experiences of a new clinical practice guideline has identified key barriers to and opportunities for improving implementation. It has also highlighted additional challenges relating to new clinical guidelines which focus on culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women.
A randomised controlled trial of the influence of Non-native English accents on Examiners’ scores in OSCEs
Authors: Kozato An , Patel Nimesh , Shikino Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundObjective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are important aspects of assessment in medical education. There are anecdotes that students with non-native English accents (NNEA) may be marked negatively due to unconscious bias. It is imperative to minimise the examiners’ bias so that the difference in the scores reflects students’ clinical competence. Research in shows NNEAs can cause stereotyping, often leading to the speaker being negatively judged. However, no medical education study has looked at the influence of NNEAs in assessment.MethodsThis is a randomised, single - blinded controlled trial. Four videos of one mock OSCE station were produced. A professional actor played a medical student. Two near identical scripts were prepared. Two videos showed the actor speaking with an Indian accent and two videos showed the actor speaking without the accent in either script. Forty-two UK OSCE examiners were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. They watched two videos online, each with either script, with and without the NNEA. Checklist item scores were analysed with descriptive statistics and simple linear regression model. Global scores were analysed with descriptive statistics and logistic ordinal regression model.ResultsThirty-two examiners completed the study. The average scores for the checklist items (41.6 points) did not change when the accent variable was changed. Simple linear regression model showed no statistically significant relationship between the accent and the scores (Regression coefficient = 0.032, p = 0.982). For the global scores received by the videos with the NNEA, there were one less ‘Good’ grade and one more ‘Fail’ grade compared to the ones without the NNEA. Logistical ordinal regression model on global scores showed, examiners were more likely to mark the student more negatively (p < 0.0001) but also more positively (p < 0.0001) when the NNEA was present.ConclusionsExaminers could be biased either positively or negatively towards NNEAs when giving global scores. Further research is required to consider the nature of this bias. More discussion is warranted to consider how the accent should be considered in current medical education assessment.
Molecular studies of breast cancer in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Esmaeili Rezvan , Eslami-S Zahra , Drayani Shiva , Bakhshayesh Tayebeh Oghabi , Zare Aliakbar , Haghighat Shahpar , Majidzadeh-A Keivan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to review the existing cellular and molecular research systematically carried out in the field of breast cancer in Iran. This study was part of a big project, which evaluated a variety of studies conducted on breast cancer in Iran.Methods: All molecular articles about breast cancer in Iran which were published from January 2005 to October 21, 2015 were included. English and Persian databases consisted of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedex. Finally of 3331 abstracts, a total of 379 articles, including 219 English and 160 Persian papers related to molecular studies were included in this study.Results: After initial evaluations, 240 studies were included. Molecular studies conducted in Iran were divided into four main groups based on their focus. They evaluated breast cancer susceptibility genes, Prognosis and clinicopathologic features of the patients, compounds with therapeutic properties, and diagnosis. Moreover, ethical statements in manuscripts were investigated.Conclusions: Result of this review showed that most of the researches in Iran categorize to 4 main subjects. The majority of the studies in Iran were conducted sporadically and with small sample sizes. Stronger studies would require the development of more biological banks and execution of multicenter comprehensive projects defined with orientation to main problems of Breast Cancer patients in the country.
Bone Density is an Important Influence Factor: An Analysis of Perioperative Hidden Blood Loss in Femoral Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Cui Haidong , Lv Shujun , Yuan Chaoqun , Chen Kai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
[Background] The hemoglobin level of patients after operation has a great relationship with the hidden blood loss. We undertake this study to explore the influencing factors of perioperative hidden blood loss of intertrochanteric fractures.[Methods] Retrospective analysis of our hospital from January 2016 to October 2019, Clinical data of 118 patients with intertrochanteric fractures meeting the inclusion criteria. Hidden blood loss is calculated from the hematocrit changes before and after surgery, using the Gross equation, based on height, weight, and hematocrit (HCT) changes before and after surgery. Patients’ gender, age, presence of underlying diseases (hypertension and diabetes), fracture types, internal fixation methods, anesthesia methods, time from injury to surgery, whether to take antiplatelet drugs within 6 months before surgery, use of anticoagulant drugs after surgery, bone density were statistically analyzed. The factors with statistical significance were screened out, and then the hidden blood loss was used as the dependent variable and each influencing factor was the independent variable. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the related risk factors that affect the hidden blood loss during the perioperative period of intertrochanteric fractures.[Results] The apparent blood loss during operation was (203.81 ± 105. 51) ml, and the hidden blood loss was (517.55 ± 191.47) ml. There are significant differences in the hidden blood loss of patients with different internal fixation methods, fracture types, anesthesia methods, antiplatelet or postoperative anticoagulant drugs, and different bone density(P༜0. 05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that internal fixation, age, fracture type, anesthesia method, anticoagulant application, and bone density were related risk factors that affected hidden blood loss during surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fracture.[Conclusions] Hidden blood loss is the main cause of perioperative blood loss in intertrochanteric fractures, and the risk factors for hidden blood loss include internal fixation, fracture type, anesthesia, use of anticoagulant drugs, and bone density in special. It is not reliable to use the apparent blood loss as the basis for fluid replacement and transfusion. We must fully consider the existence of hidden blood loss and intervene as soon as possible to prevent complications.Fund support: Scientific research project of nantong municipal science and technology bureau (MSZ19024).Scientific research project of nantong health bureau (QB2019013).Support for literature search.