bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification of electric steel punching simulation results using microhardness
Authors: Laakso Sampsa Vili Antero , Aydin Ugur , Krajnik Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the most dominant manufacturing methods in the production of electromechanical devices from sheet metal is punching. In punching, the material undergoes plastic deformation and finally fracture. Punching of an electrical steel sheet causes plastic deformation on the edges of the part, which affects the magnetic properties of the material, i.e., increases iron losses in the material, which in turn has a negative effect on the performance of the electromagnetic devices in the final product. Therefore, punching-induced iron losses decrease the energy efficiency of the device. FEM simulations of punching have shown significantly increased plastic deformation on the workpiece edges with increasing tool wear. In order to identify the critical tool wear, after which the iron losses have increased beyond acceptable limits, the simulation results must be verified with experimental methods. The acceptable limits are pushed further in the standards by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The new standard (IEC TS 60034-30-2:2016) has much stricter limits regarding the energy efficiency of electromechanical machines, with an IE5 class efficiency that exceeds the previous IE4 class (IEC 60034-30-1:2014) requirements by 30%. The simulations are done using Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation Deform, a finite element software for material processing simulations. The electrical steel used is M400-50A, and the tool material is Vanadis 23, a powder-based high-speed steel. Vanadis 23 is a high alloyed powder metallurgical high-speed steel with a high abrasive wear resistance and a high compressive strength. It is suitable for cold work processing like punching. In the existing literature, FEM simulations and experimental methods have been incorporated for investigating the edge deformation properties of sheared surfaces, but there is a research gap in verifying the simulation results with the experimental methods. In this paper, FEM simulation of the punching process is verified using an electrical steel sheet from real production environment and measuring the deformation of the edges using microhardness measurements. The simulations show high plastic deformation 50 μm into the workpiece edge, a result that is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Study on the forming and sensing properties of laser-sintered TPU/CNT composites for plantar pressure sensors
Authors: Zhuang Yu , Guo Yanling , Li Jian , Yu Yueqiang , Jiang Kaiyi , Zhang Hui , Guo Shuai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConductive polymer composites (CPCs) combining with specific microstructures (micropores, microcracks, etc.) can exhibit unique resistance response changes, which can be widely regarded as an effective way to improve sensing performance. This study takes advantage of the characteristics of the formation of tiny pores between crystal grains during selective laser sintering (SLS) processing to introduce a microporous structure into the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/carbon nanotube (CNT) sensing element to prepare a three-dimensional porous conductive structure. The effect of the SLS process on sensing sensitivity, accuracy, and density was studied, and its sensing and forming mechanism were discussed. By adjusting SLS process parameters to control the performance of porous structure sensor elements, a final TPU/CNT sensor element with a wide pressure detection range, high sensitivity, a fast response time, and good stability and durability was developed. Finally, the optimal performance of the developed flexible pressure sensor was successfully used to detect the pressure distribution of the human foot. This study provided a simple and effective research method to develop high-performance flexible pressure sensors.
Study on the impacts of chemical and green synthesized (Leucas aspera and oxy-cyclodextrin complex) dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Kurian Amitha , Elumalai Preetham 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the health effects of dietary nanozinc prepared by two methods: conventional chemical method and green method. The parameters evaluated were the extent of bioaccumulation, antioxidant status, histological, immunological changes and DNA damage in Nile tilapia fed nanozinc feed. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were first prepared by green and chemical methods. Before feed preparation, the in vitro antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of both types of nanoparticle solutions were tested and the results revealed enhanced activities in green synthesized ZnO NP solution. After the acclimatization period, 420 Nile tilapias were distributed randomly into 21 glass tanks with 20 fish per tank in triplicates. Fish were fed control diet without any ZnO NP and (i) GT1—green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 100 mg/kg, (ii) CT1—chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 100 mg/kg, (iii) GT2—green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 200 mg/kg, (iv) CT2—chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 200 mg/kg, (v) GT3—green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 400 mg/kg and (vi) CT3—chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 400 mg/kg for 60 days. After 60 days, gill and liver samples were collected for analysing oxidative stress, histopathological alterations and bioaccumulation of zinc, whereas serum samples were collected for evaluating immune response. The results revealed that the GT3 diet significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the level of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and GSH) than dietary nanozinc prepared by the chemical method. Similarly, the innate immunological parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) augmented in fish fed GT3 diet. Comparative histological study of liver and gill tissues revealed normal architecture in the tissues of fish fed green synthesized NP–enriched feed, whereas the tissues of fish fed chemically synthesized NP feed exhibited histological alterations. Bioaccumulation of zinc was more in the liver followed by the muscle and least in the gills and DNA damage was more evident in fish fed chemically synthesized ZnO NP–enriched feed. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inclusion of 400 mg/kg GT3 diet in fish diet enhanced the level of antioxidant enzymes, boosted immune response and did not cause histological damage to organs, and therefore, GT3 nanofeed can be recommended for fish health improvement.
COVID-19 pandemic: the possible influence of the long-term ignorance about climate change
Authors: Gorji Shaghayegh , Gorji Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn addressing the current COVID-19 pandemic and evaluating the measures taken by global leaders so far, it is crucial to trace back the circumstances influencing the emergence of the crisis that the world is presently facing. Could it be that the failure to act in a timely manner dates way back to when first concerns about climate change and its inevitable threat to human health came up? Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the large-scale and rapid environmental changes in the last few decades may be implicated in the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic by increasing the potential risk of the occurrence and the spread of zoonotic diseases, worsening food security, and weakening the human immune system. As we are facing progressive climatic change, a failure to act accordingly could inevitably lead to further, more frequent confrontations with newly emerging diseases.
Sexueller Sadismus: Aktueller Wissensstand und die Codierung gemäß DSM-5-TR und ICD-11
Authors: Mokros Andreas , Nitschke Joachim 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungSexualsadismus bezeichnet eine lustvolle Erregbarkeit durch die Kontrolle, Erniedrigung oder Schmerzzufügung zulasten einer anderen Person. In den psychiatrischen Klassifikationskatalogen wird heute auf Zwang und Nichteinvernehmlichkeit abgestellt, um die forensische Ausprägung des Sexualsadismus von der konsensuellen Spielart im Sinne sadomasochistischer Rollenspiele abzugrenzen („bondage“ und Disziplinierung, Dominanz und Submission, Sadismus und Masochismus; kurz: BDSM). Ferner ist zwischen diesen Formen des Sexualsadismus und dem sog. Charakter- oder Alltagssadismus als Persönlichkeitszug zu unterscheiden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die aktuelle Nosologie der forensisch-psychiatrisch bedeutsamen zwangsweisen sexuell-sadistischen Störung („coercive sexual sadism disorder“) gemäß ICD-11 erläutert. Die Sexual Sadism Scale wird als diagnostisches Hilfsmittel für die gutachterliche Beurteilung vorgestellt. Befunde zur Kriminalprognose werden dargestellt, wobei die Diagnose per se nicht nennenswert mit erneuter Sexual- oder Gewaltdelinquenz nach Entlassung assoziiert ist, aber einen starken Zusammenhang mit äußerst schwerwiegenden Einweisungsdelikten zeigt (konkret: sexuell motivierte Tötungsdelikte). Wie aktuelle Literaturrecherchen ergeben, liegen aus den letzten Jahren keine Behandlungsstudien vor.
Clay Mineralogy of Surface Sediments in the Three Gorges Reservoir: Implications for Sediment Provenances and Weathering Regimes
Authors: Wang Shuai , Rao Wenbo , Qian Jin , He Mengying , Mao Changping , Li Kun , Feng Yuexing , Zhao Jianxin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKnowledge of clay mineralogy is essential for understanding the source areas and weathering environments of fluvial sediments, particularly in large reservoirs facing serious problems with sediment deposition, such as the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in east-central China. The purpose of the present study was to identify the sediment provenances and weathering regimes contributing to the sediment load in the TGR by determining the clay-mineral and geochemical compositions of surface sediments during various seasons. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to identify the clay minerals. The results showed that illite was the dominant mineral, followed in order by kaolinite, chlorite, and montmorillonite. From a mineralogical perspective, distal sources were the main contributors to the TGR sediments, and regional sources (surrounding tributaries) also contributed much during the three seasons, while proximal sources (hillslope soils) supplied sediment in the flood season but not in the other two seasons. The geochemical and hydrological data generally supported the mineralogical results. In the flood season, the chemical indices of the TGR sediments were >0.4, showing that the sediments contained Al-rich illite minerals and experienced intense hydrolysis. In the other two seasons the TGR sediments were enriched in Fe- and Mg-rich illite minerals, resulting from strong physical weathering. Furthermore, precipitation, rather than air temperature or latitude, was the factor that controlled weathering intensity. These findings provide deep insights into the sediment cycle and chemical weathering in this large reservoir basin.
Sensor-based pavement diagnostic using acoustic signature for moduli estimation
Authors: Cafiso Salvatore , Di Graziano A. , Fedele R. , Marchetta V. , Praticò F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe diffusion of smart infrastructures for smart cities provides new opportunities for the improvement of both road infrastructure monitoring and maintenance management.Often pavement management is based on the periodic assessment of the elastic modulus of the bound layers (i.e., asphalt concrete layers) by means of traditional systems, such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD). Even if these methods are reliable, well-known, and widespread, they are quite complex, expensive, and are not able to provide updated information about the evolving structural health condition of the road pavement. Hence, more advanced, effective, and economical monitoring systems can be used to solve the problems mentioned above.Consequently, the main objective of the study presented in this paper is to present and apply an innovative solution that can be used to make smarter the road pavement monitoring. In more detail, an innovative Non-Destructive Test (NDT)-based sensing unit was used to gather the vibro-acoustic signatures of road pavements with different deterioration levels (e.g. with and without fatigue cracks) of an urban road. Meaningful features were extracted from the aforementioned acoustic signature and the correlation with the elastic modulus defined using GPR and FWD data was investigated.Results show that some of the features have a good correlation with the elastic moduli of the road section under investigation. Consequently, the innovative solution could be used to evaluate the variability of elastic modulus of the asphalt concrete layers, and to monitor with continuity the deterioration of road pavements under the traffic loads.
The Maine Rx Prescription Drug Plan and the Dormant Commerce Clause Doctrine: The Case of the Missing Link[age]
Authors: Denning Brannon P. 
Published: January 2021

In the 2002 Term, the U.S. Supreme Court will hear the case of Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) v. Concannon, in which PhRMA, the plaintiff-appellant, will argue that the State of Maine's program to supply low-cost prescription drugs to its citizens (the Maine Rx Program) violates the dormant Commerce Clause doctrine. After the Program became law in 2000, PhRMA sought and obtained an injunction from a federal district court preventing the law from going into effect. Shortly thereafter, the First Circuit unanimously reversed the district court and lifted the injunction. In June 2002, the Supreme Court granted certiorari.This Article argues that the Maine Rx Program violates the dormant Commerce Clause doctrine because it links a facially nondiscriminatory tax with a subsidy in a way that, in combination, burdens out-of-state drug sellers. The Supreme Court has found similar programs to be invalid in past cases, most recently in the 1994 case West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy.
A New Concept to Measure the Ambipolar Electric Field Driving Ionospheric Outflow
Authors: Li Kun , Haaland Stein , Wei Yong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the last few decades, the role of ionospheric outflow for the loss of atmospheric constituents, as a plasma supplier to the magnetosphere and hence for the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere has been recognized. A substantial amount of the outflow is thought to be caused by the presence of an ambipolar electric field aligned with the open magnetic field lines of the polar region. To better understand how the changes in outflow are influenced by the solar and geomagnetic activity, it is critical to get a better understanding of the impact of this electric field, and to be able to measure it under various conditions. However, such measurements are not possible with present techniques. In this paper, we propose a new technique to measure the tiny electric field. This technique builds on existing instrument technology but extends the capability to measure the very small electric fields. We present the underlying design concept and demonstrate that this concept is viable and able to measure the very small ambipolar electric fields thought to play a key role in the polar wind.
Grazing incidence fast atom diffraction, similarities and differences with thermal energy atom scattering (TEAS)
Authors: Debiossac Maxime , Pan Peng , Roncin Philippe 
Published: January 2021

In the elastic regime, GIFAD is equivalent to TEAS with an effective energy E⊥ between 1 meV and 1 eV providing a high sensitivity to topology and to attractive forces. The inelastic regime merges to the classical limit and is still in development.
Emergent superconductivity by Re doping in type -II Weyl semimetal NiTe2
Authors: Mandal Manasi , Singh R P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently topological semimetals emerge as a new platform to realise topological superconductivity. Here we report the emergent superconductivity in single-crystals of Re doped type-II Weyl semimetal NiTe2. The magnetic and transport measurements highlight that Re substitution in Ni-site induces superconductivity at a maximum temperature of 2.36 K. Hall effect and specific heat measurements indicate that Re substitution is doping hole and facilitates the emergence of superconductivity by phonon softening and enhancing the electron-phonon coupling.
TDLAS measurements of temperature and water vapor concentration in a flameless MILD combustor
Authors: Bong Cheolwoo , Lee Jungwun , Sun Hojoong , Yoo Jihyung , Bak Moon Soo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We performed non-intrusive tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy measurements of the temperature (T) and water vapor concentration (X
H2O) on a moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution combustion chamber. The combustor was operating in flameless mode by axially injecting fuel and air at high speeds through separate nozzles, thereby creating a recirculating flow of combusted gas. A pair of water vapor absorption lines near 7185.6 and 7444.36 cm−1 was used to acquire axial absorbance profiles along the height of the combustor. The axial profiles of T and X
H2O were first derived using two-line thermometry measurements. Then the T profiles were estimated from each of the single absorption line measurements by assuming spatial uniformity of X
H2O. Compared to a thermocouple temperature measured at the combustor outlet, the temperatures given by the two-line thermometry were under-estimated whereas the thermocouple temperature was in between the T range given by the single-line thermometry. Importantly, the measurement successfully revealed that the axial profiles of T and X
H2O were mostly flat certainly due to the strong recirculation of the hot combustion gas; however, the different temperature values at a given height implied the existence of a radial temperature gradient in the combustor.
Effect of rhenium on defects evolution behavior in tungsten under irradiation
Authors: Wang Zheng , Gao Liang , Zhu Xiu-Li , Yuan Yue , Wang Shiwei , Cheng Long , Lu Guang-Hong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The influence of the transmutation element rhenium (Re) on defect evolution in tungsten (W) during irradiations with heavy ions and deuterium (D) plasma was investigated. Rolled W and W–5Re alloy (Re concentration 5 wt.%) were irradiated with 500 keV iron ions to 0.06 and 0.6 dpa (displacement per atom), and deuterium plasma at 38 eV/D to a fluence of 2.2 × 1025 D m−2 at ∼373 K. The results of Doppler broadening spectroscopy by the positron annihilation technique indicate that more or larger vacancy-type defects were produced in W than in the W–5Re during Fe ion irradiation, suggesting the important role of Re on inhibiting the migration and/or clustering of vacancies. The much smaller and shallower blistering in W–5Re than in W after the same D plasma exposure points to the pinning effects on dislocations by Re. The total retained D amounts in W–5Re and W materials are comparable, but with very different concentration profile at corresponding depth. This is explained by the blister formation exerting influence on the D inward diffusion. Demonstrating the important role of Re on the defect evolution in W under irradiation, the present work provides an enhanced understanding on the possible effects of neutron irradiation on the performance of plasma-facing materials in future fusion devices.
Experimental study of sheath potential coefficient in the J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: ZHAO Wei , NIE Lin , YAN Longwen , XU Min , KE Rui , YANG Jie , CHEN Zhipeng , WANG Zhanhui , WANG Yali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sheath potential coefficient α is a key parameter, which is used to estimate plasma potential (

V

p

) for edge plasma physics study. Recently, a series of experiments has been carried out under hydrogen plasmas in the J-TEXT tokamak with swept probe, which is employed for current–voltage (I–V) characteristic measurement. Electron temperature is evaluated from I–V curve by three-parameter fitting method, and the electron energy probability function shows that electron distribution is Maxwellian both outside and inside of last closed flux surface (LCFS). Plasma potential is obtained by crossing point between I–V exponential fitting curve and electron saturation current extrapolating line, which is in good agreement with first derivative probe technique. The α coefficient profile in the vicinity of the LCFS is obtained, which is in the range of 2.1–3, and decreases from outside to inside of LCFS.
Limits to host colonization and speciation in a radiation of parasitic finches
Authors: Jamie Gabriel A , Hamama Silky , Moya Collins , Kilner Rebecca M , Spottiswoode Claire N 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParasite lineages vary widely in species richness. In some clades, speciation is linked to the colonization of new hosts. This is the case in the indigobirds and whydahs (Vidua), brood-parasitic finches whose nestlings mimic the phenotypes of their specific hosts. To understand the factors limiting host colonization and, therefore, speciation, we simulated the colonization of a host using cross-fostering experiments in the field. Despite DNA barcoding suggesting that host species feed their chicks similar diets, nestling Vidua had low survival in their new host environment. Nestling Vidua did not alter their begging calls plastically to match those of the new hosts and were fed less compared to both host chicks and to Vidua chicks in their natural host nests. This suggests that a key hurdle in colonizing new hosts is obtaining the right amount rather than the right type of food from host parents. This highlights the importance of mimetic nestling phenotypes in soliciting feeding from foster parents and may explain why successful colonizations tend to be of hosts closely related to the ancestral one. That nonmimetic chicks are fed less but not actively rejected by host parents suggests how selection from hosts can be sufficiently intense to cause parasite adaptation, yet sufficiently relaxed that parasitic chicks can sometimes survive in and colonize new host environments even if they lack accurate mimetic phenotypes. The difficulties of soliciting sufficient food from novel foster parents, together with habitat filters, likely limit the colonization of new hosts and, therefore, speciation in this parasite radiation.