bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child feeding in rural northern Ghana: Carer's perceptions of food and their children's diets
Authors: Kukeba Margaret Wekem , Fallon Debbie , Callery Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA child's diet should be composed of appropriate nutrients to achieve optimal nutritional status, and though there is a substantial evidence base for child feeding recommendations, developing countries continue to face challenges regarding optimal child feeding. This paper describes an ethnographic study undertaken in rural northern Ghana to explore community perceptions of what ‘counts’ as food for children and the impact this had on the nutrients they received. Fifteen households with children under 5 years were purposively selected. In‐depth interviews were held with 25 mothers, 7 fathers and 8 grandparents within these households as well as 2 diviners. Participant observations were also undertaken. Findings show that satiety rather than nutrition was the key consideration in adult choices about a child's diet. The community regarded carbohydrate‐based meals as food, but considered protein, vitamins and mineral‐based foods as nonessential elements of a child's diet, and important sources of these nutrients were regarded as treats.
Milk consumption and childhood anthropometric failure in India: Analysis of a national survey
Authors: Vanderhout Shelley M. , Corsi Daniel J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDairy milk has been shown to contribute to child growth in many countries, but the relationship between milk intake and anthropometric outcomes among Indian children has not been studied. The objectives were to describe children aged 6–59 months who consume dairy milk in India and determine if dairy milk consumption was associated with lower odds of stunting, underweight and anthropometric failure among Indian children. This was a cross‐sectional study based on the fourth Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS‐4), which was a national survey conducted between 2015 and 2016 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The primary exposure was the consumption of dairy milk within the past day or night. The primary outcomes were stunting (height‐for‐age z score < −2), underweight (weight‐for‐age z score < −2) and the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF), which is a combination of weight‐for‐age, weight‐for‐height and height‐for‐age. Multivariable logistic regression models and coarsened exact matching (CEM) were used to determine the relationship between dairy milk and odds ratios of each outcome. Setting was in India. Participants were children (N = 107,639) aged 6–59 months. Children who consumed dairy milk in the past day or night had an odds ratio of 0.95 for underweight (95% CI 0.92–0.98, P = .0005), 0.93 for stunting (95% CI 0.90–0.96, P < .0001) and 0.96 for CIAF (95% CI 0.93–0.99, P = .004), compared with children who did not consume dairy milk after adjusting for relevant covariates. When CEM was used among a subset (n = 28,207), evidence for relationships between dairy milk and anthropometric outcomes was consistent but slightly weaker. Widespread, equitable access to dairy milk among childhood may be part of an effort to lower the risk of anthropometric failure among children in India.
The ancient wave of polyploidization events in flowering plants and their facilitated adaptation to environmental stress
Authors: Zhang Liangsheng , Wu Shengdan , Chang Xiaojun , Wang Xiuyun , Zhao Yunpeng , Xia Yiping , Trigiano Robert N. , Jiao Yuannian , Chen Fei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFlowering plants, or angiosperms, consist of more than 300,000 species, far more than any other land plant lineages. The accumulated evidence indicates that multiple ancient polyploidy events occurred around 100 to 120 million years ago during the Cretaceous and drove the early diversification of four major clades of angiosperms: gamma whole‐genome triplication in the common ancestor of core eudicots, tau whole‐genome duplication during the early diversification of monocots, lambda whole‐genome duplication during the early diversification of magnoliids, and pi whole‐genome duplication in the Nymphaeales lineage. These four polyploidy events have played essential roles in the adaptive evolution and diversification of major clades of flowering plants. Here, we specifically review the current understanding of this wave of ancient whole‐genome duplications and their evolutionary significance. Notably, although these ancient whole‐genome duplications occurred independently, they have contributed to the expansion of many stress‐related genes (e.g., heat shock transcription factors and Arabidopsis response regulators)，and these genes could have been selected for by global environmental changes in the Cretaceous. Therefore, this ancient wave of paleopolyploidy events could have significantly contributed to the adaptation of angiosperms to environmental changes, and potentially promoted the wide diversification of flowering plants.
Role of serine 365 in BRAF V600E sensitivity to RAF inhibition
Authors: Vido Michael J. , Rock Justin , Aplin Andrew E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe serine‐threonine kinase, BRAF, is an upstream regulator of the MEK‐ERK1/2 pathway and is commonly mutated in cancer. 14‐3‐3 proteins bind to two sites in BRAF, N‐terminal S365, and C‐terminal S729. 14‐3‐3 binding modulates the activity and dimerization of both wild‐type and non‐V600 mutant forms of BRAF. In BRAF V600E mutants, the C‐terminal S729 site affects dimerization of truncated splice variants. The N‐terminal, S365, is removed in BRAF V600E splice variants but its importance in full‐length BRAF V600 mutants remains uncertain. We tested the role of S365 in dimerization and RAF inhibitor resistance in full‐length BRAF V600E. Mutating BRAF S365 site to an alanine (S365A) reduced 14‐3‐3 association and increased BRAF V600E homodimerization. BRAF V600E S365A displayed reduced sensitivity to RAF inhibitor at the level of MEK‐ERK1/2 signaling, cell growth, and cell viability. These data suggest that alteration or removal of the S365 14‐3‐3 binding site may contribute to RAF inhibitor resistance.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the association between personality and cognitive failures/complaints
Authors: Aschwanden Damaris , Sutin Angelina R. , Luchetti Martina , Allemand Mathias , Stephan Yannick , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis systematic review examined the associations of personality traits with cognitive failures and cognitive complaints across the adult lifespan. We first present three conceptual models (cognitive abilities, mental processes, and reporting bias) that could explain why personality is related to such behaviors. We then conducted five separate meta‐analyses with 10–17 cross‐sectional samples (N = 7,642 – 10,564) that were identified through a systematic literature search following the MOOSE guidelines. Higher neuroticism (r = .39, 95% CI [0.32, 0.45]) and lower conscientiousness (r = −.36, 95% CI [−.42, −.29]) were related to more cognitive failures and complaints. Lower scores on the remaining traits were also associated with more cognitive failures and complaints, yet to a weaker extent (extraversion: r = −.14, 95% CI [−.20, −.08]; openness: r = −.07, 95% CI [−.11, −.03]; agreeableness: r = −.13, 95% CI [−.21, −.05]). With the current empirical evidence, it is not possible to tell which of the three conceptual models explains how much of the associations. For neuroticism, there is more support for the mental processes than the reporting bias model, but more research is needed to fully test mechanistic models. We provide several suggestions for future research to address existing limitations of the literature on personality and cognitive failures and complaints.
Prospective audit of blood transfusion request forms and continuing medical education to optimise compliance of clinicians in a hospital setting
Authors: Pandey Prashant , Setya Divya , Mirza Suhail Mustafa , Singh Mukesh Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse blood requisition forms sent by clinicians in a tertiary care hospital to the transfusion service to ascertain their completeness and correctness. A secondary objective was to study the effect of continuing medical education (CME) in a hospital setting on clinician's behaviour regarding the importance of details that ought to be mentioned on blood requisition forms.BackgroundTransfusion audits are useful tools in the evaluation and education of those requesting blood components.Methods/MaterialsThis was a prospective, observational study conducted in the department of Transfusion Medicine at a tertiary‐level healthcare centre from June 2019 to December 2019. The study was divided into two phases: pre‐CME (P1) and post‐CME (P2). In both phases, an audit for assessing completeness and correctness of blood requisition forms, which were divided into four sections, was performed. A scoring system was devised to compare both phases.ResultsIn the P1 phase, 45.77% of the blood requisition form entries were complete and correct; 23.45% of incomplete entries were generated by emergency and trauma. In the P2 phase, 76.75% of the blood requisition form entries were complete and correct; 35.09% of the incomplete entries were generated by obstetrics and gynaecology. Complete and correct entries increased from 45.7% (P1) to 76.75% (P2). Scores of P1 were found to be lower than scores of P2 for all four sections. Cumulative mean score for P1 (20687) was found to be significantly lower than the mean score for P2 (30870).ConclusionAudit and CME regarding different aspects of transfusion medicine practices play a major role in the improvement of transfusion practices in hospitals.
Evidence‐Based, Ethical Decision‐Making: Using Simulation to Teach the Application of Evidence and Ethics in Practice
Authors: Opsahl Angela , Nelson Tammi , Madeira Jody , Wonder Amy Hagedorn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based practice and ethics should not be taught as isolated concepts. Instead, it is imperative to prepare students with the knowledge needed to practice ethical, evidence‐based decision‐making in health care.PurposeThe purpose of this project was to describe how a mock hospital ethics committee meeting impacted students’ learning about the use of evidence to support ethical decision‐making in health care.MethodA mock hospital ethics committee was convened for 121 students from schools of nursing, social work, law, and medicine.ResultsThematic content analysis showed a positive impact on nursing students’ learning of ethics, group dynamics, discipline‐specific responsibilities, and EBP.Linking Evidence to ActionThis interprofessional education experience showed students how evidence and ethics can be used to guide and support practice priorities, responsibilities, and decisions on resource utilization and treatment to enable optimal outcomes for patients and organizations.
MENTAL HEALTH AND THE GOSPEL: BOYLE LECTURE 2020
Authors: Cook Christopher C. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMental health has become a domain of professional and scientific endeavor, distinguished in the modern mind from spirituality, which is understood as a more subjective, transcendent, and private concern. This sharp separation has been challenged in recent decades by scientific research, which demonstrates the positive benefits of spirituality/religion (S/R) for mental health. Increasing scientific interest in the topic is to be welcomed, but the contribution of theology to the debate has been neglected. It is proposed here that Jesus’ life and teaching are presented in the synoptic Gospels as fundamentally concerned with what we now call mental health. Jesus’ teaching on worry, for example, offers various psychological strategies for dealing with anxiety. Moreover, it presents prayer as an effective and constructive response to worry, involving disciplined attention rather than avoidance. Critical interdisciplinary conversations between science and theology on matters such as worry offer a constructive approach to understanding the human condition in the context of adversity.
Global geometry on moduli of local systems for surfaces with boundary
Authors: Whang Junho Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe show that every coarse moduli space, parametrizing complex special linear rank-2 local systems with fixed boundary traces on a surface with nonempty boundary, is log Calabi–Yau in that it has a normal projective compactification with trivial log canonical divisor. We connect this to a novel symmetry of generating series for counts of essential multicurves on the surface.
Framing a Social Learning Space for Wheelchair Curling
Authors: Duarte Tiago , Culver Diane M. , Paquette Kyle 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to delineate how an intervention aimed at increasing the learning capability of Canadian wheelchair curling coaches was framed by a systems convener in collaboration with stakeholders from different levels. Social learning theory, in particular a landscape of practice perspective, provides the conceptual framework. The methodology was collaborative inquiry with people from across the landscape to delineate the intervention strategies through cycles of reflection and action. The participants included parasport coaches, researchers, and Curling Canada technical leaders. Based on preintervention findings, the intervention was driven by (a) the use of technology to overcome barriers and the implementation of learning activities at competitions, (b) the use of a collective learning map to promote meaningful learning, (c) the involvement of the sport organization leadership to promote the participation of influential people, and (d) a reflection of how subpar outcomes occurred when the systems convener failed to engage with the sport organization leadership. The discussion sheds light on the many roles of systems conveners and the importance of promoting strategic and enabling values. Sport organizations should engage a systems convener who can effectively align learning goals with the available resources and the strategic mission of the organization.
Randomised pilot trial of cash incentives for reducing paediatric asthmatic tobacco smoke exposures from maternal caregivers and members of their social network
Authors: Jassal Mandeep S , Lewis-Land Cassia , Thompson Richard E , Butz Arlene 
Published: October 2020

Background
The primary aim was to evaluate the efficacy of financial incentives for reducing paediatric tobacco smoke exposures (TSEs) through motivating cigarette usage reduction among low-income maternal caregivers and members of their social network.

Design
Randomised control pilot trial over a 6-month study follow-up time period. The study was undertaken from May 2017 to -May 2018. Once monthly follow-up visits occurred over the 6-month study period.

Setting
Baltimore City, Maryland, USA.

Participants
We grouped 135 participants into 45 triads (asthmatic child (2–12 years of age), maternal caregiver and social network member). Triads were assigned in a 1:1 allocation ratio. The maternal caregiver and social network members were active smokers and contributed to paediatric TSE.

Interventions
Triads were randomised to receive either usual care (TSE education and quitline referrals) or usual care plus financial incentives. Cash incentives up to $1000 were earned by caregivers and designated social network participants. Incentives for either caregivers or social network participants were provided contingent on their individual reduction of tobacco usage measured by biomarkers of tobacco usage. Study visits occurred once a month during the 6-month trial.

Main outcome measures
The main outcome measure was mean change in monthly paediatric cotinine levels over 6 months of follow-up interval and was analysed on an intention-to-treat basis.

Results
The mean change in monthly child cotinine values was not significantly different in the intervention cohort over the 6-month follow-up period, compared with the control group (p=0.098, CI −0.16 to 1.89). Trends in child cotinine could not be ascribed to caregivers or social network members. Despite decreasing mean monthly cotinine values, neither the intervention cohort’s caregivers (difference in slope (control–intervention)=3.30 ng/mL/month, CI −7.72 to 1.13, p=0.144) or paired social network members (difference in slope (control–intervention)=−1.59 ng/mL/month, CI −3.57 to 6.74, p=0.546) had significantly different cotinine levels than counterparts in the control group.

Conclusions
Financial incentives directed at adult contributors to paediatric TSE did not decrease child cotinine levels.

Trial registration number

NCT03099811
.
Experiences and perspectives of the parents of emerging adults living with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Pritlove Cheryl , Markowitz Benjamin , Mukerji Geetha , Advani Andrew , Parsons Janet A 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionWhereas it is widely recognized that emerging adulthood can be a difficult time in the life of an individual living with type 1 diabetes, relatively little is known about the experiences of their parents or guardians. These individuals once shouldered much of the burden for their child’s diabetes ‘self’-management, yet their contribution is often overlooked by the adult healthcare system. Here, we set out to gain an understanding of the perspectives of parents of emerging adults living with type 1 diabetes.Research design and methodsSemi-structured interviews were performed with a purposeful sample of parents of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes recruited from two urban young adult diabetes clinics and through a national diabetes charity. Thematic coding was derived using a constant comparative approach.ResultsAnalysis of interviews with 16 parents of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes identified three themes: parental experiences of the transition to adult care; negotiating parent–child roles, responsibilities and relationships; and new and evolving fears. Parents spoke in detail about the time surrounding their child’s diagnosis of type 1 diabetes to emphasize the complexity of diabetes care and the need to establish a ‘new normal’ for the family. In turn, adolescence and emerging adulthood required a renegotiation of roles and responsibilities, with many parents continuing to play a role in high-level diabetes management. Several parents of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (particularly those of young men) vocalized worries about their child’s readiness to assume responsibility for their self-care, and some expressed frustration with the apparent dichotomy in the role expectations of parents between the pediatric and adult care settings.ConclusionsAdult healthcare providers should recognize both the ongoing involvement of parents in the ‘self’-management of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes and the unique aspects of the caregiver burden that they experience.
Are payment methods for prescription drugs associated with polypharmacy in older adults in Ireland? Evidence from the TILDA cohort study
Authors: Varley Aine , Cullinan John 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesPolypharmacy is commonly defined as the use of five or more medications, is associated with a range of adverse outcomes and is particularly common in older adults. We sought to examine the relationship between polypharmacy and payment methods for prescription drugs among older adults in Ireland.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional analysis of data from wave 3 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging, a nationally representative cohort study sample of community-living adults aged 50 years and older in Ireland. We used multivariable logistic regression to model the independent relationship between polypharmacy and drug payment methods. We controlled for a wide range of demographic, socioeconomic and health-related variables.ResultsEnrolment in publicly funded schemes which entitle participants to subsidised or free prescription medications was independently associated with increased odds of reporting polypharmacy. Relative to out-of-pocket payment, we found polypharmacy was independently associated with payment via medical card (OR 2.65; 95% CI 2.13 to 3.28), drugs payment scheme (OR 3.83; 95% CI 2.96 to 4.95), long-term illness scheme (OR 4.24; 95% CI 3.06 to 5.87), but not private health insurance (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.62).ConclusionsGiven multiple payment methods available for funding prescription charges in Ireland, there is a significant differential in the upfront costs faced by patients. One implication of our results is that the quantity of medications consumed by an individual may be influenced by payment methods for prescription fees. This could lead to overconsumption of medicines by those who are covered, or underconsumption by those who are not. However, our study was limited by an inability to discriminate between appropriate and inappropriate polypharmacy or to account for differential levels of multimorbidity, suggesting further research on this topic is warranted.
Nutrition screening and assessment tools for patients with cancer and survivors of cancer: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kristensen Marianne Boll , Wessel Irene , Ustrup Kim Skov , Dieperink Karin B , Zwisler Ann-Dorthe , Beck Anne Marie 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionNutritional challenges are common consequences of cancer, and they do not only occur in the hospital setting. They are also frequent after completion of treatment, and nutritional interventions in community-based post-treatment rehabilitation services are important. The first step towards initiating any nutritional intervention is to identify the individual in need hereof, but evidence is limited on the applicability of different nutrition screening and assessment tools in the post-treatment rehabilitation services. The aim is to systematically review and identify nutrition screening and assessment tools appropriate for use in patients with cancer and survivors of cancer in hospital or community-based healthcare settings.Methods and analysisIn this systematic review, the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL Complete and Embase were searched systematically using comprehensive search strategies. Primary searches were carried out in August 2018 with updated searches performed in November 2019. Clinicaltrials.gov and PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews will be searched for additional relevant studies. Studies will be included if they validate a nutrition screening or assessment tool in adult patients with cancer or survivors of cancer. No restriction on publication date will be applied, and full-text articles in English, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently conduct screening of search results, study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Data will be synthesised narratively.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required. Results will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and published in an international peer-reviewed journal. Furthermore, results will be presented in relevant research and clinical fora to facilitate transfer of results to clinical practice in benefit of patients.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018096678.