bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of Guillain‐Barré syndrome during the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil: A national survey study
Authors: Leonhard Sonja E. , Conde Rodrigo M. , de Assis Aquino Gondim Francisco , Jacobs Bart C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Brazil in 2015‐2016 was followed by an increase in the incidence of patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). With this national survey study, we aimed to gain a better understanding of how neurologists in Brazil are currently diagnosing and treating patients with GBS, and how this increase in incidence has impacted the management of the disease. The questionnaire consisted of 52 questions covering: personal profile of the neurologist, practice of managing GBS during and outside of the ZIKV epidemic, and limitations in managing GBS. All 3264 neurologists that were member of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology at the time of the study were invited to participate. The questionnaire was fully answered by 171 (5%) neurologists. Sixty‐one percent of neurologists noticed an increase in patients with GBS during the ZIKV epidemic, and 30% experienced an increase in problems in managing GBS during this time. The most important limitations in the diagnosis and management of GBS included the availability of nerve conduction studies (NCS), beds in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and referral to rehabilitation centers. Most neurologists did not use a protocol for treating patients with GBS and the treatment practice varied. Increasing availability of NCS and beds in the ICU and rehabilitation centers, and the implementation of (inter)national guidelines, are critical in supporting Brazilian neurologist in their management of GBS, and are especially important in preparing for future outbreaks.
Factors affecting the outcome of the suction blisters using two different harvesting techniques in vitiligo patients
Authors: Anbar Tag S. , El‐Fakahany Hasan M. , El‐khayyat Mohammed A. , Abdel‐Rahman Amal T. , Saad Enas K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSuction blister grafting (SBG) technique has been used for long to treat various skin conditions. Different suction methods have been used such as syringes, Chinese cups, and suction device. There are some limitations of its use as time consumption, failure of induction or incomplete blister formation and pain.AimThe aim of this work was to evaluate the outcome of using two different suction techniques, namely the syringes and the Chinese cups in induction of suction blisters. The effect of the device diameter and preheating of the donor area on the suction blister induction time (SBIT) was studied. The effect of saline injection in the blister formation and its completion was also evaluated.MethodsThe study was a left‐right comparative study that included 50 patients with stable nonsegmental vitiligo. They were classified into four groups: Group 1 included 15 patients where different diameters of syringes (1.3, 1.7, and 2 cm) were compared against each other, group 2 included 15 patients where different diameters of cups (2, 3.5, and 5 cm) were compared against each other, group 3 included 20 patients subdivided into two groups; 10 patients each, where the effect of preheating the skin on blister induction was tested with use of cups (3a) and syringes (3b). Lastly, group 4 included randomly chosen 40 incomplete or multilocular blisters where the effect of saline injection on blister completion and coalescence of multilobulation was examined. SBIT was calculated in all patients.ResultsThe use of the small diameter syringes or cups gave shorter SBIT; however, the difference, which was significant between all sizes of cups, was significant between the 1.3‐ and 2‐cm‐diameter syringes only. Preheating of the donor area shorten SBIT significantly. No complications were reported at the donor site except for transient postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in all patients.ConclusionThe small diameter syringes or cups and preheating of the donor area shorten the SBIT, while intra‐blister saline injection increased the blister size and turns the multilocular blisters to unilocular ones.
The Role of Dialectical Interrogation in Review Studies: Theorizing from What We See Rather Than What We Have Already Seen
Authors: Hoon Christina , Baluch Alina M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReview‐centric works receive increasing attention for generating insightful contributions to management and organization studies. Despite this, the literature on theory building has taken little note of their place in the theorizing process. This deserves attention, however, given the challenges reviews face in theorizing in the absence of new empirical observations. Accordingly, these works run the risk of merely summarizing ‘what we have already seen’, instead of ‘maximizing what we see’. Drawing on the strategies of theorizing from similarities and theorizing from anomalies, we propose dialectical interrogation as a critical step in theorizing through which review scholars imaginatively engage in a back and forth inquiry between the phenomenal world of a given field and existing theory. By analysing selected review studies from top management journals, we reveal that theorizing outcomes occur through two ways of dialectical interrogation (consolidative and disruptive). We contribute by demonstrating that review scholars can enter into powerful theorizing through the consolidative or disruptive interrogation of the review data with extant theory to detect emergence and novelty alongside puzzles, conflicts and paradoxes. Dialectical interrogation can address the shortcomings of current theorizing in review‐centric works and bears potential for advancing theories of management and organization studies.
Association of masticatory muscle activity with sleep arousal and other concomitant movements during sleep
Authors: Miki Haruna , Minakuchi Hajime , Miyagi Mayu , Hara Emilio Satoshi , Shigemoto Shuji , Suzuki Yoshitaka , Maekawa Kenji , Matsuka Yoshizo , Clark Glenn T. , Kuboki Takuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to verify the associations among sleep bruxism (SB), sleep arousal (SA) and concurrent body movements.Material and MethodsSubjects underwent a standard overnight polysomnography test and audio‐video recordings. Sleep quality was evaluated according to the Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria, while SA was determined as per the American Sleep Disorders Association criteria. Analyses were performed by an external institution after masking of the subjects' information. SB was assessed based on the presence/absence of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) episodes, which were identified by using electromyography of the masseter muscle. The observed simultaneous movements included lower leg movement (LLM), swallowing, face scratching, head movement, body movement, eye blinking, coughing, licking, sighing, body scratching, lip sucking, somniloquy and yawning. The LLM was determined visually, as well as through an increase in the tibialis electromyogram signal. Other movements were visually assessed using audio‐video recordings. The incidences of all the simultaneous movements were compared between RMMA with intercurrent SA (SAwRMMA; RMMA episode derived from a masseter electromyogram showing more than 10% of maximum voluntary contraction) and SA without RMMA (SAw/oRMMA).ResultsFourteen subjects were included in this study (females/males: 4/10, mean age: 31.5 ± 5.7 years). Among these, LLM, swallowing, body movement, licking, body scratching and lip sucking were frequently observed in SAwRMMA episodes than in SAw/oRMMA episodes, significantly. However, the non‐specific simultaneous movements were higher observed in SAw/oRMMA episodes than that in SAwRMMA.ConclusionOur results suggest that SB is concurrently activated with LLM in relation to arousal.
“Aberrant sialylation plays a significant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma progression”
Authors: Mehta Kruti A. , Patel Kinjal A. , Pandya Shashank J. , Patel Prabhudas S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveAberrant glycosylation, mainly sialylation and fucosylation, is recently considered as a major hallmark of cancer. Aberrant sialylation has long been associated with various neoplastic diseases. However, role of aberrant sialylation in oral cancer is still in its infancy. The present study aimed to examine mRNA expressions of α‐2, 3, α‐2, 6 sialyltransferase (ST) families and sialidase in 160 human oral cancer tissues.MethodsmRNA expression of ST3GAL1, ST3GAL2, ST3GAL3, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL6, ST6GAL1, and neuraminidase 3 (NEU3) was analyzed by RT‐qPCR in 80 paired malignant and adjacent normal tissues from oral cancer patients.ResultsThe results indicated significant (P ≤ .05) down‐regulation of various STs (ST3GAL1, ST3GAL2, ST3GAL3, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL6, and ST6GAL1) and sialidases (NEU3) in malignant tissues as compared to adjacent normal tissues. Higher mRNA levels of ST3GAL2 and ST3GAL3 were significantly associated with advanced stage of the disease, lymph node involvement, and perineural invasion, which denote their role in progression and metastasis of oral cancer. Present study also revealed altered sialylation patterns according to anatomical site of the disease and tobacco habit.ConclusionThe study demonstrated significant role of elevated mRNA levels of ST3GAL2 and ST3GAL3 in disease progression and metastasis of oral carcinoma.
Persons’ Experiences of Suffering from Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Jönsson Anneli , Hellmark Thomas , Forsberg Anna 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundLittle is known about health and wellbeing among patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), despite it being a serious condition in patients with renal failure. In order to promote health, it is important that both healthcare professionals and patients are aware of the signs and symptoms of the disease.ObjectivesThe aim was to explore patients’ experience of suffering from nephrotic syndrome.DesignAn inductive, qualitative method.ParticipantsTen adult patients with either newly diagnosed or a relapse of NS treated in a University hospital, south of Sweden from February 2016 to February 2019.MeasurementsData were collected using open‐ended interviews and analysed by means of Lindseth and Norberg's phenomenological‐hermeneutical method.ResultsSuffering from NS meant being a stranger in an unfamiliar world of symptoms, signs and medical treatment without professional guidance or piloting, illustrated by four themes: Feeling ill and well at the same time, Being passively adherent, Being in uncertainty, and Trying to comprehend and cope.Implications for practiceThe result provides an in‐depth understanding of the illness experience among patients with NS and constitutes a foundation for clinical guidelines on treatment, follow‐up and health promotion.ConclusionPatients with NS end up in a state of ambiguity due to a profound knowledge deficit that causes uncertainty and a lack of self‐management. The experienced lack of professional self‐management support is partly compensated for by social support from relatives, enabling those with NS to manage everyday life in a reasonable way.
Sexual pattern and caudal fin as a sexually dimorphic trait in the commercially aquacultured Meiacanthus blennies (Teleostei: Blenniidae)
Authors: Okuma Diego , Dias June F. , Silbiger Helcy L. N. , Güth Arthur Z. , Mies Miguel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe marine aquarium industry has grown significantly and so has marine ornamental fish aquaculture. The main species targeted by commercial aquaculture are clownfish, dottybacks, gobies, and blennies. However, the limited knowledge available for the reproductive biology of several fish species hinders production, especially for blennies. Therefore, this study investigated whether two mass‐produced blenniids, Meiacanthus nigrolineatus and Meiacanthus smithi, are gonochorists and display caudal fin sexual dimorphism. For this purpose, gonadal samples and morphometric data were collected from specimens of both species kept in captivity for 6 months. Histological preparations of the whole individuals or their gonads were performed and analyzed. Results show that sex ratio does not differ from 1:1 and that gonadal development was similar to other blenniids. No evidence of sexual reversion or simultaneous hermaphroditism was found in the first 8 months of development, suggesting that both species are gonochoric. Differences in the length of upper and lower rays in the caudal fin were not detected for M. smithi, but M. nigrolineatus male individuals displayed significantly longer upper and lower rays, confirming it as a dimorphic trait for this species. The identification of the sexual pattern and sexually dimorphic traits may aid in broodstock pairing for M. nigrolineatus blennies, improving its aquaculture production and perhaps reducing some of the pressure on wild stocks.
Utility of Feedback Has a Greater Impact on Learning than Ease of Decoding
Authors: Dainton Chelsea , Winstone Naomi , Klaver Peter , Opitz Bertram 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWhile feedback is a key facilitator of learning, researchers have yet to determine the ideal feedback process for optimal performance in learners. The current study investigates the combined effects of ease of decoding, and utility of feedback during learning. Accuracy and rate of learning were recorded alongside changes to the feedback related negativity (FRN), an event‐related potential (ERP) elicited by feedback stimuli. This study investigates the FRN within the context of future‐focused directive feedback (DF), in addition to past‐focused evaluative feedback (EF) typically seen in the neuroscience literature. Results indicate a main effect of utility together with an interaction with ease of decoding on the accuracy data, but only the main effect of utility on learning rate. DF produced an FRN, like EF, which was then larger during high‐utility feedback, specifically following negative EF or when hard‐to‐decode. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Dynamic subcellular translocation of V‐type H+‐ATPase is essential for biomineralization of the diatom silica cell wall
Authors: Yee Daniel P. , Hildebrand Mark , Tresguerres Martin 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Diatom cell walls, called frustules, are main sources of biogenic silica in the ocean and their intricate morphology is an inspiration for nanoengineering. Here we show dynamic aspects of frustule biosynthesis involving acidification of the silica deposition vesicle (SDV) by V‐type H+ ATPase (VHA).

Transgenic Thalassiosira pseudonana expressing the VHA B subunit tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (VHAB‐eGFP) enabled subcellular protein localization in live cells.

In exponentially growing cultures, VHAB‐eGFP was present in various subcellular localizations including the cytoplasm, SDVs and vacuoles. We studied the role of VHA during frustule biosynthesis in synchronized cell cultures of T. pseudonana. During the making of new biosilica components, VHAB‐eGFP first localized in the girdle band SDVs, and subsequently in valve SDVs. In single cell time‐lapse imaging experiments, VHAB‐eGFP localization in SDVs precluded accumulation of the acidotropic silica biomineralization marker PDMPO. Furthermore, pharmacological VHA inhibition prevented PDMPO accumulation in the SDV, frustule biosynthesis and cell division, as well as insertion of the silicalemma‐associated protein SAP1 into the SDVs. Finally, partial inhibition of VHA activity affected the nanoscale morphology of the valve.

Altogether, these results indicate that VHA is essential for frustule biosynthesis by acidifying the SDVs and regulating the insertion of other structural proteins into the SDV.
Trigeminal neuralgia and its variants. Management and diagnosis
Authors: Besi E. , Zakrzewska J.M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) can cause severe facial pain. The differential diagnosis can be very challenging as both present with a sudden, usually unilateral, severe, recurrent pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve; with TACs including one or more autonomic symptom. A light touch can trigger the pain and it will stop patients from their daily activities creating a significant impact on their quality of life. Patients will present with pain to the dentist or doctor even to accident and emergency and they could receive incorrect and sometimes irreversible treatment. Clinical and radiographic examination, including a magnetic‐resonance imaging, are essential to establish diagnosis and a referral to a specialist should be considered. The long‐term treatment for TN could be pharmacological or surgical and patients should be informed their options, benefits as well as their side effects.
Diagnosis, pathophysiology, management and future issues of trigeminal surgical nerve injuries
Authors: Renton T. , Van der Cruyssen F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe trigeminal nerve constitutes the largest sensory cortex representation in the brain compared with other sensory nerves. This is likely due to the fact that the trigeminal nerve underpins our very existence, as it sensorially protects, our five senses including the organs that provide sight, smell, taste, hearing, speech and meninges protecting our brain. Thus, when trigeminal nerve injuries occur, which in the main are preventable and painful, the majority of patients experience mixed symptoms including altered sensation, numbness and ongoing or elicited neuropathic pain. These neuropathic features cause significant impact on the patients’ ability to function, for example cold allodynia prevents the patient enjoying cold foods and drinks and undertaking out‐door activities or mechanical allodynia frequently interferes with eating, speaking, kissing and sleep. The resultant chronic symptoms and functional impedance result in significant psychological morbidity. Prevention of nerve injuries related to local anaesthesia (LA), endodontics, implants and third molar surgery is imperative as there is no magic bullet to repair these sensory nerve injuries with their related neuropathic pain. Some causes have higher levels of resolution (third molar surgery and LA) some lower levels of resolution (implant surgery and endodontics) and many patient factors will dictate the prevalence of chronic neuropathic pain. The patient must have appropriate consent and their expectations managed with understanding the potential benefits and risks for their chosen interventions. The authors have aimed to provide an up to date evidence base for diagnosis and management of trigeminal nerve injuries.
Accuracy of pediatric cricothyroid membrane identification by digital palpation and implications for emergency front of neck access
Authors: Fennessy Paul , Walsh Bill , Laffey John G. , McCarthy Kevin F. , McCaul Conan L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEmergency front of neck access in a “can't intubate can't oxygenate” scenario in pediatrics is rare. Ideally airway rescue would involve the presence of an ear, nose, and throat surgeon. If unavailable however, responsibility lies with the anesthesiologist and accurate identification of anterior neck structures is essential for success.AimWe assessed anesthesiologists’ accuracy in identification of the pediatric cricothyroid membrane by digital palpation in three predefined age groups (37 weeks to <1 year old, 1‐8 years old, and 9‐16 years old) and whether accuracy improved with repetition. We also investigated a novel hypothetical vertical skin incision strategy to successfully expose the cricothyroid membrane.MethodsWe asked anesthesiologists to identify the location of the cricothyroid membrane of anesthetized children in the extended neck position. Accuracy was defined as a mark made within the margins of the cricothyroid membrane using ultrasound as a reference standard. The position of the cricothyroid membrane relative to the neck midpoint, between the suprasternal notch and mentum, was defined for each child. Using this neck midpoint, we determined the hypothetical vertical skin incision lengths required to successfully expose the cricothyroid membrane (“midpoint incision”).ResultsNinety‐seven patients were included in this study. There were 14, 58, and 25 patients recruited across the three predefined groups. Accurate anesthesiologist identification of the location of the cricothyroid membrane occurred in 29.4%, 28.6%, and 38.2% of attempts, respectively. The majority of inaccurate assessments (64.1%) were below the cricothyroid membrane. There was no improvement in accuracy with repetition. Hypothetical “midpoint incision” lengths of 20, 30, and 35 mm were required.ConclusionSignificant anesthesiologist inaccuracy exists in locating the cricothyroid membrane in children of all ages. This has implications for the technical approach to emergency front of neck access and how we teach the management of “can't intubate can't oxygenate” in pediatric practice.
Peri‐procedural Management of Implanted Spinal Cord Stimulators in Patients Undergoing Radiofrequency Ablation: A Case Report and Manufacturer‐Specific Recommendations
Authors: Abdullah Newaj , Muir Casey , Eldrige Jason S. , Pingree Matthew J. , Hagedorn Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract IntroductionRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are 2 common modalities used in management of various pain conditions. RFA generates heat and an electromagnetic field that can theoretically interfere with the functionality and longevity of the SCS device. This is problematic for patients who need RFA and have previously undergone implantation of an SCS device.Case DescriptionWe present a case highlighting the safe use of bipolar RFA in a patient who had previously undergone implantation of a cervical SCS device.DiscussionWe also present device‐specific industry guidelines and recommendations for performing RFA in patients following SCS device implantation.
A Church without history? Luther and historical argument in the context of humanist polemics
Authors: Barral‐Baron Marie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay reassesses the role that historical argument played in Martin Luther's works. It demonstrates the disjuncture between the use which Luther, the Reformer, made of history, and his reservations about the discipline. Luther (1483–1546) did not hesitate to grant historical arguments an important place in justifying the rupture that the Reformation had provoked. Historical arguments were used, but also misused, in his writings; and he encouraged those who claimed to be his followers to make use of the past whenever possible. His humanist adversaries, who had up until then marginalized the discipline of history, were forced to follow in his footsteps. However, in Luther's eyes, historical arguments were part and parcel of his polemical armoury. He often deployed them, and he encouraged his contemporaries to do likewise, but he did not regard them as being of much intrinsic interest. Luther's highly original attitude towards historical argument no doubt helps explain why dialogue between Catholics and Lutherans reached an impasse and why an entente between Erasmus and Luther proved to be impossible.