bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NETs analysed by novel calprotectin‐based assays in blood donors and patients with multiple myeloma or rheumatoid arthritis: A pilot study
Authors: Fagerhol Magne Kristoffer , Johnson Egil , Tangen Jon‐Magnus , Hollan Ivana , Mirlashari Mohammad Reza , Nissen‐Meyer Lise Sofie Haug , Hetland Geir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo novel enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), designed to detect complexes containing DNA, leucocyte calprotectin and S100A12 proteins, were generated for improved specificity and rapid measurement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The assays were applied on plasma and serum samples from blood donors for establishment of reference values, and from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to examine putatively increased values in the two different inflammatory conditions. Although NETs were hardly detectable in healthy individuals, NET levels were as expected highly and statistically significantly increased in RA patients. The detection of statistically significantly increased NET levels in MM is a novel finding.
Poor response to hepatitis A vaccination in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Adati Elen Monteiro , da Silva Paula Moreira , Sumita Laura Massami , Rodrigues Marina de Oliveira , Zanetti Lilian P. , dos Santos Ana Cláudia F. , de Souza Mair P. , Colturato Vergilio R. , Machado Clarisse M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is highly prevalent in developing countries. In countries experiencing a shift from intermediate/high endemicity to low endemicity, the World Health Organization recommends the incorporation of HAV vaccine into the national vaccination calendar for children aged ≥1 year. Since HAV antibodies wane over time, most HSCT revaccination guidelines advise vaccination as optional, following the country recommendation. However, no study has evaluated the serological response to HAV vaccine in allogeneic HSCT recipients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study in 46 HSCT recipients who received two doses of inactivated HAV vaccine. Blood samples were taken before vaccination to determine HAV prevalence rates, and before and 4‐6 weeks after the second dose. Specific anti‐HAV antibodies were detected by a competitive commercial enzyme immune assay.ResultsPatients received the first dose of vaccine at a median of 332.5 (120‐4134) days after HSCT. Median absolute lymphocyte count at vaccination was 1947 (696‐12 500)/mm3. The seroprevalence rate was 93.5% at inclusion. Although safe and well tolerated, the serological response to HAV vaccine in susceptible patients was poor (33%), and no boost effect was observed in seropositive patients.ConclusionsIn areas with intermediate/high seroprevalence of HAV, serology should be recommended prior to referral to vaccination. The mechanisms of antibody interference and how to overcome T‐cell function deficiency need to be better understood in transplant populations receiving HAV vaccine. Alternative schedules of HAV vaccination should be evaluated in prospective trials.
TB diagnostic cascade among patients registered under the Revised National TB Control Programme in Chennai, South India
Authors: Muniyandi M. , Karikalan N. , Kannan T. , Saravanan B. , Vidhya P. , Rajendran K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo discern and quantify the TB diagnostic cascade among patients registered under the Revised National TB Control Programme, Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, South India.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in metropolitan Chennai from February 2017 to March 2018. We interviewed TB patients retrospectively on their diagnostic attempt in different health facilities.ResultsOf 455 TB patients, only 4.4% received their diagnosis at their first health facility. Of 1250 visits to health facilities, the vast majority (79.4 vs. 20.6%) was in the public rather than the private sector. 56% of patients went to a public facility as the first point of care, of whom 1.6% shifted to private facilities subsequently. The remaining 54.4% shifted between up to five government health facilities. Male patients and those with a higher family income were more likely to shift from private to public.ConclusionMost shifts between diagnostic facilities occurred in the public sector. This necessitates interventions at public health facilities for strengthening and extending services to TB patients at their first point of care.
Economic value of clinical decision support allied to direct data feedback to clinicians: blood usage in haematology
Authors: Swart Nicholas , Morris Stephen , Murphy Michael F 
Published: February 2020

Background and ObjectivesResponding to national and local pressures to reduce the amount of blood transfused, the haematology department of Oxford University Hospitals (OUH), UK implemented an electronic blood‐ordering system with clinical decision support. This intervention targeted junior doctors, giving regular feedback on their transfusion practices with respect to clinical guidelines.MethodsWe evaluated the incremental costs of the intervention using interrupted time series methods to compare red blood cell and platelet usage before and after the intervention was implemented. Difference‐in‐differences analysis was used to control for external factors that would affect the use of blood products over time. Reductions in blood usage were balanced against intervention costs.ResultsThe base case analysis showed an average cost saving to the department of £89 304 annually as a result of the intervention. Scenario analyses suggested that the savings may have been greater still, had the increasing trend in blood use prior to the intervention continued in the absence of the intervention.ConclusionAn electronic blood‐ordering system with clinical decision support can reduce blood transfusions and associated healthcare costs. Focusing on improving junior doctors' transfusion practice is expected to have a knock‐on benefit in terms of dissemination of good transfusion practice both within their own department and others as they continue their training.
Initial leak pressures of four anastomosis techniques in cooled cadaveric canine jejunum
Authors: Fealey Mark J. , Regier Penny J. , Steadman BS Charles , Brad Case J. , Garcia‐Pereira Fernando 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of four different intestinal anastomosis techniques at preventing leakage after enterectomy.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationGrossly normal jejunal segments (N = 70) from three fresh canine cadavers.MethodsEight‐centimeter cooled canine cadaveric jejunal segments were randomly assigned to a control group (six segments) and four treatment groups (16 segments each [two segments/anastomotic construct]): (1) handsewn anastomosis (HSA), (2) barbed suture anastomosis (B‐HSA), (3) stapled functional end‐to‐end anastomosis (SFEEA), and (4) stapled functional end‐to‐end anastomosis with an oversew (SFEEA‐O). Control segments and anastomotic constructs were infused intraluminally to the point of leakage. Initial leak pressures were recorded and compared.ResultsInitial leak pressures (median + range) for jejunal control segments, HSA, B‐HSA, SFEEA, and SFEEA‐O were 331.88 mmHg (range, 315.34–346.64), 35.17 (20.29–56.24), 24.99 (6.08–38.64), 28.77 (18.80–85.09), and 35.92 (12.05–80.71), respectively. No difference was detected between leak pressures of anastomosed segments (P= .35), all of which were more variable and lower than those of intact segments.ConclusionNo difference in initial leak pressures was detected between the four anastomosis techniques tested in cooled canine cadaveric jejunum.Clinical significanceAll four anastomosis techniques evaluated in this study may be suitable in dogs.
Hypercapnia augments resistive exercise‐induced elevations in intraocular pressure in older individuals
Authors: Mekjavic Igor B. , Amoaku Winfried , Mlinar Tinkara , Jaki Mekjavic Polona 
Published: February 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Astronauts on‐board the International Space Station (ISS) perform daily exercises designed to prevent muscle atrophy and bone demineralization: what is the effect of resistive exercise performed by subjects while exposed to the same level of hypercapnia as on the ISS on intraocular pressure (IOP)?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The static exercise‐induced elevation in IOP during 6° prone head‐down tilt (simulating the headward shift of body fluids in microgravity) is augmented by hypercapnia and exceeds the ocular hypertension threshold.

AbstractThe present study assessed the effect of 6° head‐down (establishing the cephalad fluid displacement noted in astronauts in microgravity) prone (simulating the effect on the eye) tilt during rest and exercise (simulating exercise performed by astronauts to mitigate the sarcopenia induced by unloading of weight‐bearing limbs), in normocapnic and hypercapnic conditions (the latter simulating conditions on the International Space Station) on intraocular pressure (IOP). Volunteers (mean age = 57.8 ± 6 years, n = 10) participated in two experimental sessions, each comprising: (i) 10 min rest, (ii) 3 min static handgrip exercise (30% max), and (iii) 2 min recovery, inspiring either room air (NCAP) or a hypercapnic mixture (1% CO2, HCAP). We measured IOP in the right eye, cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at regular intervals. Baseline IOP in the upright seated position while breathing room air was 14.1 ± 2.9 mmHg. Prone 6° head‐down tilt significantly (P < 0.01) elevated IOP in all three phases of the NCAP (rest: 27.0 ± 3.7 mmHg; exercise: 32.2 ± 4.8 mmHg; recovery: 27.4 ± 4.0 mmHg) and HCAP (rest: 27.3 ± 4.3 mmHg; exercise: 34.2 ± 6.0 mmHg; recovery: 29.1 ± 5.8 mmHg) trials, with hypercapnia augmenting the exercise‐induced elevation in IOP (P < 0.01). CO, SV, HR and MAP were significantly increased during handgrip dynamometry, but there was no effect of hypercapnia. The observed IOP measured during prone 6° HDT in all phases of the NCAP and HCAP trials exceeded the threshold pressure defining ocular hypertension. The exercise‐induced increase in IOP is exacerbated by hypercapnia.
Splenocyte transfer exacerbates salt‐sensitive hypertension in rats
Authors: Fehrenbach Daniel J. , Dasinger John Henry , Lund Hayley , Zemaj Jeylan , Mattson David L. 
Published: February 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Recruitment of immune cells to the kidney potentiates hypertensive pathology, but more refined methods are needed to assess these cells functionally. Adoptive transfer studies of immune cells have been limited in rat models and especially in the study of salt‐sensitive hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that splenocyte transfer into T‐cell‐deficient rats is sufficient to exacerbate salt‐sensitive hypertension.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We demonstrate that transfer of splenocytes into T‐cell‐deficient animals exacerbates salt‐sensitive hypertension, and an enrichment in the CD4+ compartment specifically induces this phenomenon.

AbstractIncreasing evidence of immune system activation during the progression of hypertension and renal injury has led to a need for new methods to study individual cell types. Transfer of immune cells serves as a powerful tool to isolate effects of specific subsets. Transfer studies in Rag1−/− mice have demonstrated an important role of T‐cell activation in hypertension, but this approach has yielded limited success in rat models. Using the T‐cell‐deficient Dahl salt‐sensitive (SS) rat, SSCD247−/−, we hypothesized that splenocyte transfer from SS wild‐type animals into SSCD247−/− animals would populate the T‐cell compartment. The Dahl SS background provides a model for studying salt‐sensitive hypertension; therefore, we also tested whether the dietary salt content of the donor would confer differential salt sensitivity in the recipient. To test this, donors were maintained on either a low‐salt or a high‐salt diet, and at postnatal day 5 the recipients received splenocyte transfer from one of these groups before a high‐salt diet challenge. We showed that splenocyte transfer elevated blood pressures while rats were fed low salt and exacerbated the salt‐sensitive increase in pressure when they were fed fed high salt. Furthermore, transfer of splenocytes conferred exacerbated renal damage. Lastly, we confirmed the presence of T cells in the circulation and in the spleen, and that infiltration of immune cells, including T cells, macrophages and B cells, into the kidney was elevated in those receiving the transfer. Interestingly, the source of the splenocytes, from donors fed either a low‐salt or a high‐salt diet, did not significantly affect these salt‐sensitive phenotypes.
La drezotomía como tratamiento eficaz para el control del dolor neuropático de origen central por trauma raquimedular: caso clínico-evaluación a largo plazo
Authors: Acevedo González Juan Carlos , López Cárdenas Gloria Viviana , Berbeo Calderón Miguel Enrique , Zorro Guio Óscar , Díaz Orduz Roberto Carlos , Feo Lee Óscar 
Published: February 2020

Un 70 % de pacientes con lesión medular tiene dolor neuropático crónico e incapacitante. El caso que se presenta en este artículo corresponde a un paciente de 23 años de edad, quien sufre un intenso dolor infrasegmentario por causa de un trauma raquimedular. Se le realizó un tratamiento neuroquirúrgico del dolor. En la drezotomía se le hizo una sección selectiva de fibras nociceptivas en los segmentos medulares afectados. Luego de ello, y a los 24 meses, presenta mejoría completa y suspensión de analgésicos.
Guía para la secuencia de inducción e intubación rápida en el servicio de emergencias
Authors: Pérez Perilla Patricia , Moreno Carrillo Atilio , Gempeler Rueda Fritz E. 
Published: February 2020

La secuencia de intubación rápida (SIR) es un procedimiento diseñado para minimizar el tiempo necesario en el aseguramiento de la vía aérea mediante la colocación de un tubo endotraqueal en pacientes con alto riesgo de broncoaspiración, especialmente en situaciones de emergencia. Teniendo claro este panorama, es indiscutible la importancia de la educación y el entrenamiento relacionado con la secuencia de intubación rápida que debe hacerse a los médicos responsables de las salas de reanimación, los servicios de urgencias y los paramédicos responsables del manejo de campo en emergencias y desastres. Este documento es una revisión actualizada del tema, cuyo objetivo es servir de guía para todos quienes estén interesados.
Humo en el cerebro, síndrome de moyamoya en anemia de células falciformes: presentación de caso
Authors: Uribe Vargas Mario , Rivera Diego Miguel , Morales Cárdenas Armando , Quesada Montealegre Diana 
Published: February 2020

El síndrome de moyamoya es una rara entidad oclusiva que afecta los vasos cerebrales. Es predominante de la población japonesa, de donde se creía inicialmente era exclusiva; pero hoy en día se han reportado casos en todo el mundo y en diferentes grupos étnicos. Consiste en la oclusión crónica y progresiva de la circulación cerebral anterior con la consecuente aparición de colaterales que da un patrón imaginológico en arteriografía, similar a una “nube de humo”; de ahí su nombre en japonés moyamoya. En este artículo se reporta el caso de un paciente pediátrico femenino de raza negra con antecedente de anemia de células falciformes con imágenes representativas.
Torsión e infarto esplénico: reporte de caso
Authors: Aleán Argueta Luis Fernando , Londoño Arévalo María Antonieta , Morales Cárdenas Armando Manuel , Puentes Velosa Sofía , Uriza Carrasco Luis Felipe , Rubio Bermeo Óscar David 
Published: February 2020

La torsión esplénica es una entidad clínica poco frecuente secundaria a una hipermotilidad del bazo, resultante de una hiperlaxitud o desarrollo anormal de los ligamentos suspensorios de este órgano. Un bazo con laxitud de ligamentos tiene riesgo de torsión sobre su pedículo vascular. Esta entidad suele cursar con síntomas que van desde la patología aguda, crónica a síntomas intermitentes secundarios. En este artículo se presenta el caso de una mujer de 21 años de edad quien consultó por dolor abdominal agudo, con historia previa de dolor abdominal intermitente, cuyo hallazgo por imágenes mostró una disposición anatómica anómala del bazo e infarto esplénico asociado, que fue llevada a esplenectomía, donde se confirmó fijación del bazo únicamente por el ligamento gastroesplénico con torsión del pedículo vascular.
Uso y capacitación en ecografía en el departamento de emergencias
Authors: Pinzón Vargas Sandy , Moreno Carrillo Atilio 
Published: February 2020

La realización de ultrasonografía se ha convertido en una práctica habitual en muchos departamentos de emergencia de Estados Unidos, lo cual ha generado que la mayoría de los programas de residencia de medicina de urgencias incluyan la formación en ultrasonido dentro de su currículo. En los servicios de urgencias se ha generado la necesidad de utilizar el ecógrafo para permitir un diagnóstico rápido de patologías que requieren identificarse inmediatamente dada su alta mortalidad, como son la hemorragia intrabdominal en el contexto del paciente con traumatismos, aneurisma de aorta, taponamiento cardiaco, neumotórax, entre otros. Su aplicación genera la oportunidad de un diagnóstico oportuno y un rápido tratamiento, y con ello se logra disminuir la estancia de los pacientes en urgencias. Además, su realización evita la necesidad de traslado de pacientes potencialmente inestables fuera del área de reanimación, que puede llegar a generar complicaciones relacionadas con el desplazamiento. La ultrasonografía se ha convertido en una herramienta segura para la realización de procedimientos, como accesos vasculares, paracentesis, toracentesis, etc., pues disminuye el riesgo de posibles complicaciones que se presentan cuando estos procedimientos son realizados a ciegas.
Univ. Méd. ISSN 0041-9095. Bogotá (Colombia), 55 (1): 93-100, enero-marzo, 2014 REPORTES DE CASO Reporte de catorce casos de leptospirosis en un hospital universitario de IV nivel entre 2010 y 2012
Authors: Mosquera Klinger Gabriel Alonso , Vela Lozada Fernando , Álvarez Moreno Carlos 
Published: February 2020

La leptospirosis es una enfermedad infecciosa aguda generalizada, provocada por espiroquetas del género Leptospira, caracterizada por una extensa vasculitis. Siempre debe considerarse entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de síndrome febril en nuestra población. Se reporta una serie de catorce casos con clínica indicativa de leptospirosis, que presentó resultado positivo de serología para Leptospira spp., lo cual confirma el diagnóstico. Se describen las características demográficas en la población estudiada: fue más frecuente en población entre 20 y 35 años de edad. En el 35,7 % existía un antecedente de desplazamiento reciente a municipios del norte del departamento del Tolima y en el 14,2 %, a municipios del sur de Cundinamarca. El 71,4 % de los pacientes tuvo factores de riesgo para adquirir la infección. La mayoría de las consultas a urgencias se presentó siete días de iniciados los síntomas. En todos los pacientes hubo fiebre, cefalea, mialgias y artralgias, y en menor proporción, dolor abdominal y diarreas.
Síndrome de lesión por reperfusión miocárdica
Authors: Aldana Bitar Jairo Alejandro , Santacruz Pacheco David , Urina Triana Manuel Eliseo 
Published: February 2020

La reperfusión es el tratamiento definitivo para salvar miocardio isquémico del infarto. Un determinante principal del tamaño del infarto es la duración de la isquemia. El restablecimiento temprano de flujo sanguíneo al miocardio isquémico reduce los límites del tamaño del infarto y la mortalidad. De manera paradójica, el retorno del flujo sanguíneo al miocardio isquémico puede resultar en lesiones adicionales en el área de riesgo. Esta condición se conoce como lesión por reperfusión, y el daño es más probable que suceda cuando la terapia de reperfusión se retrasa. Incluso cuando la mayoría de los ensayos clínicos diseñados para evaluar agentes para prevenir la lesión por reperfusión han sido decepcionantes, terapias para limitar la lesión por reperfusión siguen siendo un área de investigación activa.
Analysis of the Contact Length During Micrometal Forming to Establish Its Efficient Measurement Method
Authors: Rathmann L. , Vollertsen F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In microsheet metal forming, the lengths of the contact zones between blank and die are important parameters to describe the contact behavior, but they can hardly be detected experimentally. Thus, a finite element simulation enables access to these zones and especially, their length. This length and its development during a metal forming process are analyzed in this work to establish its efficient measurement method. The part at the die called drawing edge is defined as a deformable body with material properties. Since every node of such a body can report pressure, the contact length is the product of the number of n – 1 nodes under contact pressure with the equidistant distance of lE = 1 μm between each node. It is shown, that with this method the direct determination of the contact zones position and length is enabled. Additionally, the simulative results show that the contact length is influenced by the geometrical conditions of the punch and die.
Application of Raw Accelerometer Data and Machine-Learning Techniques to Characterize Human Movement Behavior: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Narayanan Anantha , Desai Farzanah , Stewart Tom , Duncan Scott , Mackay Lisa 
Published: February 2020

Background: Application of machine learning for classifying human behavior is increasingly common as access to raw accelerometer data improves. The aims of this scoping review are (1) to examine if machine-learning techniques can accurately identify human activity behaviors from raw accelerometer data and (2) to summarize the practical implications of these machine-learning techniques for future work. Methods: Keyword searches were performed in Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases in 2018. Studies that applied supervised machine-learning techniques to raw accelerometer data and estimated components of physical activity were included. Information on study characteristics, machine-learning techniques, and key study findings were extracted from included studies. Results: Of the 53 studies included in the review, 75% were published in the last 5 years. Most studies predicted postures and activity type, rather than intensity, and were conducted in controlled environments using 1 or 2 devices. The most common models were support vector machine, random forest, and artificial neural network. Overall, classification accuracy ranged from 62% to 99.8%, although nearly 80% of studies achieved an overall accuracy above 85%. Conclusions: Machine-learning algorithms demonstrate good accuracy when predicting physical activity components; however, their application to free-living settings is currently uncertain.