bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jekyll or Hyde? The genome (and more) of Nesidiocoris tenuis, a zoophytophagous predatory bug that is both a biological control agent and a pest
Authors: Ferguson K. B. , Visser S. , Dalíková M. , Provazníková I. , Urbaneja A. , Pérez‐Hedo M. , Marec F. , Werren J. H. , Zwaan B. J. , Pannebakker B. A. , Verhulst E. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) is an efficient predatory biological control agent used throughout the Mediterranean Basin in tomato crops but regarded as a pest in northern European countries. From the family Miridae, it is an economically important insect yet very little is known in terms of genetic information and no genomic or transcriptomic studies have been published. Here, we use a linked‐read sequencing strategy on a single female N. tenuis. From this, we assembled the 355 Mbp genome and delivered an ab initio, homology‐based and evidence‐based annotation. Along the way, the bacterial “contamination” was removed from the assembly. In addition, bacterial lateral gene transfer (LGT) candidates were detected in the N. tenuis genome. The complete gene set is composed of 24 688 genes; the associated proteins were compared to other hemipterans (Cimex lectularis, Halyomorpha halys and Acyrthosiphon pisum). We visualized the genome using various cytogenetic techniques, such as karyotyping, CGH and GISH, indicating a karyotype of 2n = 32. Additional analyses include the localization of 18S rDNA and unique satellite probes as well as pooled sequencing to assess nucleotide diversity and neutrality of the commercial population. This is one of the first mirid genomes to be released and the first of a mirid biological control agent.
Respiratory syncytial virus seasonality in three epidemiological zones of Kenya
Authors: Rose Erica Billig , Nyawanda Bryan O. , Munywoki Patrick K. , Murunga Nickson , Bigogo Godfrey M. , Otieno Nancy A. , Onyango Clayton , Chaves Sandra S. , Verani Jennifer R. , Emukule Gideon O. , Widdowson Marc‐Alain , Nokes D. James , Gerber Susan I. , Langley Gayle E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation patterns is necessary to guide the timing of limited‐duration interventions such as vaccines. We describe RSV circulation over multiple seasons in three distinct counties of Kenya during 2006‐2018. Kilifi and Siaya counties each had consistent but distinct RSV seasonality, lasting on average 18‐22 weeks. Based on data from available years, RSV did not have a clear pattern of circulation in Nairobi. This information can help guide the timing of vaccines and immunoprophylaxis products that are under development.
Association between Chlamydial Infections and Pelvic Lesions
Authors: Nakamura Kouichi , Ishimaru Tadayuki , Kurata Suwako , Fujishita Akira , Samejima Teturo , Masuzaki Hideaki , Yamabe Tooru 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChlamydia trachomatis usually causes asymptomatic cervicitis, but it sometimes ascends into the uterine cavity, fallopian tubes, or peritoneal cavity, causing pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. In this study, we examined endocervical chlamydial antigens and serum chlamydial antibodies in infertile women and laparoscopically evaluated pelvic lesions according to our pelvic scoring system. In patients testing positive for a chlamydial infection, the total pelvic score was significantly higher than in patients testing negative. When each area examined was assessed separately, however, only the tubal score was significantly higher in the chlamydia infected patients. These findings may indicate that tubal lesions are the major cause of infertility in women with chlamydial infections.
Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Norrie Disease Pedigrees
Authors: Chung Sung‐Ro , Katayama Susumu , Lebo Roger , Golbus Mitchell S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of Norrie disease (ND) were performed using the polymorphic L1.28, OTC, and 58–1 probes. L1.28 was polymorphic in 3 of the 5 ND families tested and informative in 2 families (40%). Probe 58–1 and OTC were informative in one of 3 families (33%) and in both of the 2 families (100%) tested, respectively. The major allele frequency was 73% in L1.28 (DXS7), 89% in 58–1 (DXS14), and 50% in OTC in our patient population. One of 5 families studies showed a recombination between probes (L1.28 and OTC) and the ND gene locus placing the ND locus proximal to L1.28 and OTC.
Menopause Related Changes of Adrenocortical Steroid Production
Authors: Akamatsu Tatsuya , Chiba Hiroshi , Kamiyama Hiroshi , Hirose Kazuhiro , Saito Hiroshi , Yanaihara Takumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo elucidate changes of adrenocortical steroid production with age, reproductive age (n=14), peri‐menopausal (n=12) and post‐menopausal (n=13) women were studied using basal hormone levels and the results of a rapid ACTH stimulation test. Peripheral serum levels of pregnenolone, 17α‐hydroxypregnenolone, 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione were measured by RIA. The basal levels of all steroids except pregnenolone decreased with age. A significant increase in the levels of all steroids after ACTH stimulation was observed in all subjects. Although, there was an age related decrease in the response of C19‐steroids to ACTH, the response of pregnenolone and 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone to ACTH did not alter with age. The preserved response of 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone to ACTH in post‐menopausal women suggests that 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone production plays a role in the age independency of cortisol.In the present paper, the changes in the capacity of the post‐menopausal adrenal cortex to produce androgens and C21‐steroids were demonstrated.
The Adverse Effects of l‐Methamphetamine on the Development of Explanted Rat Embryos
Authors: Ozaki Takashi , Nakamura Yukio , Saito Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe adverse effects of l‐methamphetamine on the development of rat embryos were studied by means of a whole culture system. The embryos explanted at 12.5th days of gestational age were cultured for a total of 24 hours. After pre‐culturing for 6 hours, 4 groups of embryos received additional culturing for 18 hours with saline or various concentrations of l‐methamphetamine; 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 μmol/dl. There was no significant difference in the survival rate among 4 groups. The groups over 2.0 μmol/dl of l‐methamphetamine showed significant reduction of crown‐rump length, somite number, protein content, DNA content, and protein/DNA ratio. It is suggested that over 2.0 μmol/dl of l‐methamphetamine reduces the development but not the survival of rat embryos under whole culture system.
Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in the Normal Cervices of Japanese Women by the Dot‐Blot (Vira Pap™) Method
Authors: Saito Junko , Fukuda Takehiko , Nakatani Hiroshi , Sumiyoshi Michiyoshi , Kinoshita Moritoshi , Ikeda Masanori , Noda Kiichiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExfoliated cervical cells obtained from 9 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I and II, 11 with CIN III, 22 with cervical carcinoma, and 599 with cytologically normal cervices (including 63 pregnant women) were evaluated for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) by the dot‐blot (Vira Pap™) method. HPV infection was detected in 33.3% of the CIN I and II cases, in 54.5% of the CIN III cases, in 68.2% of invasive cervical carcinoma cases, and in 4.2% of the normal group. The rate of detectable HPV infection increased in exfoliated cervical cells during pregnancy. These results suggested that a few Japanese women with cytologically normal cervices were infected with HPV.
Mapping Oral Disease Impact with a Common Metric (MOM)—Project summary and recommendations
Authors: John Mike T. , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Sekulic Stella , Stamm Tanja , Oghli Ibrahim , Schierz Oliver , List Thomas , Baba Kazuyoshi , Bekes Katrin , van Wijk Arjen , Su Naichuan , Reissmann Daniel R. , Fueki Kenji , Larsson Pernilla , Theis‐Mahon Nicole , Omara Maisa , Bondemark Lars , Visscher Corine M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact—the dimensions of oral health‐related quality of life—capture dental patients’ oral health problems worldwide and regardless of whether the patient currently suffers from oral diseases or intends to prevent them in the future. Using scores for these dimensions, the project Mapping Oral Disease Impact with a Common Metric (MOM) aims to provide four‐dimensional oral health impact information across oral diseases and settings. In this article, project authors summarize MOM’s findings and provide recommendations about how to improve standardized oral health impact assessment. Project MOM’s systematic reviews identified four‐dimensional impact information for 189 adult and 22 pediatric patient populations that were contained in 170 publications. A typical functional, pain‐related, aesthetical, and psychosocial impact (on a 0‐8 impact metric based on two items with a response format 0 = never, 1 = hardly ever, 2 = occasionally, 3 = fairly often, 4 = very often) was about 2 to 3 units. Project MOM provides five recommendations to improve standardized oral health impact assessment for all oral diseases in all settings.
Preference Sorting as a tool for Dulce de Leches' drivers of liking determination
Authors: Rodrigues Jéssica Ferreira , de Souza Vanessa Rios , de Sousa Amorim Isabel , Lima Renato Ribeiro , Freitas Mônica Queiroz , Esmerino Erick Almeida , da Cruz Adriano Gomes , Pinheiro Ana Carla Marques 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSensory descriptive methods are useful tools for quality control and product development. In recent years, faster methods (such as Sorting task), which do not require trained sensory panels, have been increasingly implemented to save time and consumption. Sorting task is a simple procedure for collecting similarity data, in which each assessor groups stimuli based on their perceived similarities, following or not by the samples description. Several variations of this method have been developed and presented. However, none of these approaches focused mainly on determining attributes that drive product acceptance. Thus, it is important to evaluate some tasks variations to establish recommendations about procedures useful for screening numerous samples, considering their characteristics that most contribute to their acceptance. Therefore, this study assessed three sorting task variations, varying the sorting criteria—based on similarities or based on acceptance, to assess Dulce de leche drivers of liking. Sorting criteria and the sensory description task influenced sensory results. Focusing on drivers of liking determination, grouping criteria based on preference (suggested name as Preference Sorting), following the description of the characteristics that most contribute to product acceptance, seems to be interesting.Practical applicationThe findings of this study show practical utility for consumer‐based methodologies, focusing on sorting task and drivers of liking determination. In addition, they are useful for Brazilian Dulce de leche producers as it enables understanding the consumer preferences to plan production, marketing, and commercialization strategies.
Atypical bartonellosis in children: What do we know?
Authors: Lemos Ana P , Domingues Rui , Gouveia Catarina , de Sousa Rita , Brito Maria J 
Published: December 2020

AimTo characterise Bartonella infections in a paediatric population requiring hospital admission and review its treatment.MethodsLongitudinal observational retrospective data analysis of children and adolescents admitted with Bartonella infection at a paediatric tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2019.ResultsWe identified 16 cases of bartonellosis, with a mean age of 8.0 ± 4.5 years old, no sex predominance and 14 had contact with cats. Most of the cases occurred in fall and winter. Clinical presentations included osteomyelitis/arthritis (n = 9), hepatosplenic disease (n = 2), lymphadenitis (n = 2), neuroretinitis (n = 2) and encephalitis (n = 1). Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by serology (n = 16) and Bartonella DNA detection in patient's lymph nodes/hepatic lesion (n = 3). Therapeutic approach varied according to the clinical presentation: azithromycin in lymphadenitis, rifampicin plus ciprofloxacin in hepatosplenic disease, rifampicin and doxycycline in neuroretinitis, ceftriaxone in encephalitis and azithromycin, cotrimoxazole or rifampicin plus azithromycin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin or doxycycline in osteomyelitis/arthritis. Immunodeficiency was excluded in seven patients. Seven patients' cats were screened by veterinarians and treated when infected (n = 5).ConclusionsIn these clinical presentations, where other infections may be involved, a high index of suspicion is necessary, with emphasis on the epidemiological context. The association of systemic forms with immunodeficiency did not occur in our study. The lack of recommendations for treatment of atypical infection makes the approach of these cases a challenge. Randomised control studies are essential to define the best approach in each case.
Achieving health equity through oral health value‐based care: a funder's perspective
Authors: Ravelli Parrish , Hakuta Katinka , Simpson Trenae 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBecause dental caries is one of the most preventable diseases in the world, poor oral health and inequitable outcomes are not just a failing of our current system of care and financing, but the result of decades of unjust and oppressive systems that were not designed to serve all patients equitably. Reducing these disparities will take deep and intentional work to focus on value, outcomes, and each patient as a whole person. In this article, we describe some of the unique opportunities funders have to listen, learn, and leverage strategies to redesign the oral health system in a way that prioritizes historically marginalized people and communities and transforms the way oral health care is accessed, delivered, and received.
Interprofessional value‐based health care: Nurse practitioner‐dentist model
Authors: Dolce Maria C. , Barrow Jane , Jivraj Ashiana , Pham Dalton , Da Silva John D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe United States health system is challenged to improve patient and population health, enhance patients' experience of care, and reduce health care costs. Value‐based health care (VBHC) models are proposed to address these issues. Medical health systems are making strides toward VBHC, whereas dental care systems lag behind. The aims of this paper are to a) present study findings of an interprofessional practice model integrating oral health and primary care in a dental practice setting, and b) discuss practice and research implications for advancing VBHC approaches in oral health.MethodsA nonexperimental research method was employed to evaluate the Nurse Practitioner‐Dentist Model for Primary Care (NPD Model) at the Harvard Dental Center. Pretest/post‐test design was used to assess clinical patient outcomes for a convenience cohort of Medicare beneficiaries (n = 31) with a reported diagnosis of hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes. Clinical outcome measures included: blood pressure, weight, body mass index (BMI), and Hemoglobin A1c.ResultsPositive and significant improvements in biometrics (blood pressure, body weight, BMI, HbA1c) were found.ConclusionsThe NPD Model is an early prototype for interprofessional VBHC in oral health and holds promise for improving patient and population health outcomes. Integration of interprofessional VBHC in oral health is an imperative for achieving the Triple Aim to improve the overall health of our nation.
Risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Campbell Cori , Wang Tingyan , McNaughton Anna L. , Barnes Eleanor , Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading contributors to cancer mortality worldwide and is a leading cause of death in individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is uncertain how the presence of other metabolic factors and comorbidities influences HCC risk in HBV. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to seek evidence for significant associations. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched from 1 January 2000 to 24 June 2020 for studies investigating associations of metabolic factors and comorbidities with HCC risk in individuals with chronic HBV infection, written in English. We extracted data for meta‐analysis and generated pooled effect estimates from a fixed‐effects model. Pooled estimates from a random‐effects model were also generated if significant heterogeneity was present. We identified 40 observational studies reporting on associations of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity with HCC risk. Only DM had a sufficient number of studies for meta‐analysis. DM was associated with >25% increase in hazards of HCC (fixed‐effects hazards ratio [HR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–1.32, random‐effects HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.23–1.49). This association was attenuated towards the null in a sensitivity analysis restricted to studies adjusted for metformin use. In conclusion, in adults with chronic HBV infection, DM is a significant risk factor for HCC, but further investigation of the influence of antidiabetic drug use and glycaemic control on this association is needed. Enhanced screening of individuals with HBV and diabetes may be warranted.
Machine‐learning radiomics to predict early recurrence in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Qin Huan , Hu Xianling , Zhang Junfeng , Dai Haisu , He Yonggang , Zhao Zhiping , Yang Jiali , Xu Zhengrong , Hu Xiaofei , Chen Zhiyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsUp to 40%‐65% of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) rapidly progress to early recurrence (ER) even after curative resection. Quantification of ER risk is difficult and a reliable prognostic prediction tool is absent. We developed and validated a multilevel model, integrating clinicopathology, molecular pathology and radiology, especially radiomics coupled with machine‐learning algorithms, to predict the ER of patients after curative resection in PHC.MethodsIn total, 274 patients who underwent contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) and curative resection at 2 institutions were retrospectively identified and randomly divided into training (n = 167), internal validation (n = 70) and external validation (n = 37) sets. A machine‐learning analysis of 18,120 radiomic features based on multiphase CECT and 48 clinico‐radiologic characteristics was performed for the multilevel model.ResultsComprehensively, 7 independent factors (tumour differentiation, lymph node metastasis, pre‐operative CA19‐9 level, enhancement pattern, A‐Shrink score, V‐Shrink score and P‐Shrink score) were built to the multilevel model and quantified the risk of ER. We benchmarked the gain in discrimination with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.883, superior to the rival clinical and radiomic models (AUCs 0.792‐0.805). The accuracy (ACC) of the multilevel model was 0.826, which was significantly higher than those of the conventional staging systems (AJCC 8th (0.641), MSKCC (0.617) and Gazzaniga (0.581)).ConclusionThe radiomics‐based multilevel model demonstrated superior performance to rival models and conventional staging systems, and could serve as a visual prognostic tool to plan surveillance of ER and guide post‐operative individualized management in PHC.
High‐resolution manometry reveals different effect of polyethylene glycol, bisacodyl, and prucalopride on colonic motility in healthy subjects: An acute, open label, randomized, crossover, reader‐blinded study with potential clinical implications
Authors: Corsetti Maura , Thys Alexander , Harris Alexander , Pagliaro Giuseppe , Deloose Eveline , Demedts Ingrid , Tack Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPolyethylene glycol (PEG), bisacodyl, and prucalopride have been reported to be more effective than placebo in treating patients with constipation but about 50% of the patients still do not respond to these medications. Only bisacodyl and prucalopride are expected to directly stimulate the colonic motility in humans in vivo. As no previous study has done this, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of PEG, bisacodyl, and prucalopride as compared to placebo on colonic motility assessed by means of the high‐resolution manometry (HRM) in healthy subjects.MethodsTen healthy subjects have been enrolled in an acute, open label, randomized, reader‐blinded, crossover study and requested to undergo a colonoscopy‐assisted HRM measuring their colonic motility before and after oral administration of 13.8 g (two doses) PEG, 10 mg bisacodyl, 2 mg prucalopride, and placebo.Key ResultsIn the human prepared colon, oral administration of PEG significantly increases the number of low‐amplitude long distance propagating contractions (p = 0.007 vs placebo) while bisacodyl significantly increases the number of high‐amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs) (all p < 0.01 vs PEG, prucalopride, and placebo). Prucalopride has no major effect on the number of propagating contractions but increases HAPCs amplitude (p = 0.01).Conclusions & InferencesIn humans, PEG, prucalopride, and bisacodyl have distinct effects on colonic motility. This information has clinical implication, as it indicates that the combination of prucalopride and bisacodyl, normally not considered in clinical practice, could be effective in treating patients with constipation refractory to single medications.
Insect egg‐killing: a new front on the evolutionary arms‐race between brassicaceous plants and pierid butterflies
Authors: Griese Eddie , Caarls Lotte , Bassetti Niccolò , Mohammadin Setareh , Verbaarschot Patrick , Bukovinszkine’Kiss Gabriella , Poelman Erik H. , Gols Rieta , Schranz M. Eric , Fatouros Nina E. 
Published: December 2020

Summary

Evolutionary arms‐races between plants and insect herbivores have long been proposed to generate key innovations such as plant toxins and detoxification mechanisms that can drive diversification of the interacting species. A novel front‐line of plant defence is the killing of herbivorous insect eggs.

We test whether an egg‐killing plant trait has an evolutionary basis in such a plant–insect arms‐race. Within the crucifer family (Brassicaceae), some species express a hypersensitive response (HR)‐like necrosis underneath butterfly eggs (Pieridae) that leads to eggs desiccating or falling off the plant. We studied the phylogenetic distribution of this trait, its egg‐killing effect on and elicitation by butterflies, by screening 31 Brassicales species, and nine Pieridae species.

We show a clade‐specific induction of strong, egg‐killing HR‐like necrosis mainly in species of the Brassiceae tribe including Brassica crops and close relatives. The necrosis is strongly elicited by pierid butterflies that are specialists of crucifers. Furthermore, HR‐like necrosis is linked to PR1 defence gene expression, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell death, eventually leading to egg‐killing.

Our findings suggest that the plants’ egg‐killing trait is a new front on the evolutionary arms‐race between Brassicaceae and pierid butterflies beyond the well‐studied plant toxins that have evolved against their caterpillars.