bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematics of the Boana semilineata species group (Anura: Hylidae), with a description of two new species from Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Caminer Marcel A , Ron Santiago R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The combination of genetic and phenotypic characters for species delimitation has allowed the discovery of many undescribed species of Neotropical amphibians. In this study, we used DNA sequences (genes 12S, 16S, ND1 and COI) and morphologic, bioacoustic and environmental characters of the Boana semilineata group to evaluate their phylogenetic relationships and assess their species limits. In addition, we included DNA sequences of several species of Boana to explore cryptic diversity in other groups. We found three Confirmed Candidate Species (CCS) within the B. semilineata group. Holotype examination of Hyla appendiculata shows that it is a valid species that corresponds to one of the CCS, which is here transferred to Boana. We describe the two remaining CCS. Our phylogeny highlights a number of secondary but meaningful observations that deserve further investigation: (1) populations of B. pellucens from northern Ecuador are more closely related to B. rufitela from Panama than to other Ecuadorian populations of B. pellucens; (2) we report, for the first time, the phylogenetic relationships of B. rubracyla showing that it is closely related to B. rufitela and B. pellucens; and (3) B. cinerascens and B. punctata form two species complexes consisting of several unnamed highly divergent lineages. Each of these lineages likely represents an undescribed species.
Staying in the club: Exploring criteria governing metacommunity membership for obligate symbionts under host–symbiont feedback
Authors: Venkateswaran Vignesh , Borges Renee M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetacommunity membership is influenced by habitat availability and trophic requirements. However, for multitrophic symbiont communities that are closely associated with host plants, symbionts and hosts may additionally influence each other affecting membership criteria in novel ways. For example, failure of beneficial services from a symbiont could elicit a response from the host that impacts the entire community. Understanding such host–symbiont feedback effects on symbiont community membership can be crucial for understanding symbiont community structure and function.We investigate membership for a multitrophic insect symbiont community where symbionts colonize host inflorescences during specific developmental stages termed colonization windows. Inflorescences are host-derived organs and serve as habitat microcosms. Symbionts exhibit a diversity of interactions ranging from mutualism to parasitism. Hosts exhibit immediate feedback by aborting inflorescences not pollinated by mutualistic symbionts and habitats are consequently lost for all other symbiont species. Using relevant empirically measured microcosm parameters, we simulate symbiont dispersal from and colonization of other host inflorescences. We vary host densities and symbiont colonization window lengths, and track the persistence of each symbiont species in the metacommunity based on the temporal availability of the resource and the trophic position of the symbiont.Since the persistence of the microcosm habitat is dictated by pollination performed by the mutualist, the mutualist fares better than all other symbionts. For prey, the length of colonization windows was positively related with colonization success and symbiont persistence. For predators, the cumulative length of the colonization windows of their prey dictated their success; diet breadth or prey colonization success did not influence the persistence of predators. Predators also had a greater host-plant density requirement than prey for persistence in the community. These results offer valuable insights into host density requirements for maintaining symbionts, and have implications for multitrophic symbiont community stability.Synthesis. Factors influencing symbiont community membership can be unique when host–symbiont feedback impacts host microcosm development. Special constraints can govern symbiont community membership, function and structure and symbiont persistence in such metacommunities.
Will Gender Self‐Declaration Undermine Women's Rights and Lead to an Increase in Harms?
Authors: Sharpe Alex 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article considers and rejects claims that reform of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 (GRA) to allow gender self‐declaration will undermine non‐trans women's rights and lead to an increase in harms to non‐trans women. The article argues that these claims are founded on a mistaken understanding of the proper legal relationship between the GRA and the Equality Act 2010 (EA), and that the harm claim, in any event, lacks a proper evidential basis. The article considers three legal arguments made by gender critical feminists: that sex‐based exceptions under the EA cannot be invoked against trans women with a Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC), that the appropriate legal comparator for a trans woman non GRC‐holder in a discrimination case is a non‐trans man, and that section 22 of the GRA, which protects the privacy of GRC‐holders, undermines the ability of women's organisations to regulate access to women‐only spaces.
The deposit of KHB‐1, Ra’s al Khabbah (Ja’lān region, Sultanate of Oman): Stratigraphy, features and structures
Authors: Cavulli Fabio , Scaruffi Simona 
Published: January 2020

The excavation of KHB‐1 archaeological site was part of the Joint Hadd Project [Joint Hadd Project is a project operating in the Ja’lān region since 1985, born under the collaboration between ISIAO (Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, Rome), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris) and the University of Bologna] carried out in the Ja’lān region, along the coast of the Sultanate of Oman. Different phases of occupation with significant structural evidences were identified within the deposit: an early short‐term occupation in the 7th millennium, followed by a longer, extended period of occupation during the 4th millennium by a community of hunter‐gatherers, with some evidence of animal husbandry. The material culture recovered from KHB‐1, which includes architectural remains, provides new insights on the cultures of this region, highlighting a need for further excavations and analysis.This paper will illustrate the stratigraphic sequence and the main features recovered at KHB‐1, followed by a discussion on the two main periods of occupation which will help shed a light on the site function and more broadly provide key insights on mobility, economy, and material culture of Ja’lān in the beginning of 7th and along the 4th millennium B.C.
Estimated changes in hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication after partial bans on off‐premises sales of alcoholic beverages in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland: an interrupted time–series analysis
Authors: Wicki Matthias , Bertholet Nicolas , Gmel Gerhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsTo estimate age‐specific changes in hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication following two consecutive restrictions on off‐premises alcohol sales introduced in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.DesignPrimary analyses used interrupted autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time–series analyses (repeated cross‐sectional), with Lausanne and Vaud as experimental sites and the rest of Switzerland as the control. Secondary analyses used, for example, a different control site (other French‐speaking cantons only) or a different statistical model.SettingSwitzerland between 2010 and 2016.ParticipantsIn‐patients (i.e. patients assigned a bed overnight) hospitalized between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. (n = 1 261 564), as documented in the Swiss Hospital Statistics.InterventionsBan 1, only effective in the canton's capital, Lausanne, prohibited off‐premises sales of all alcoholic beverages after 8 p.m. on Fridays and Saturdays from September 2013 to June 2015. In July 2015, Ban 2 replaced this, covered the whole canton and affected off‐premises sales of beer and spirits (but not wine) after 9 p.m. (8 p.m. in Lausanne) every night of the week.MeasurementsProportions of monthly hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication (ICD‐10 diagnoses F10.0/F10.1, T51.0) per 1000 monthly overall admissions.FindingsProportions of overall hospitalizations for alcohol intoxication declined after both bans in Lausanne [ωBan1 = −0.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.025, –0.008; ωBan2 = −0.021, 95% CI = −0.030, –0.013] but only after Ban 2 in the remainder of the canton of Vaud (ωBan2 = −0.008, 95% CI = −0.014, –0.002). Estimated changes in % were largest among 16–19‐year‐olds. However, as admission rates for alcohol intoxication were more frequent in adulthood than adolescence, the estimated change in number of cases was also relevant to public health among 20–69‐year‐olds. Secondary analyses supported the findings of the primary analyses.ConclusionEven partial restrictions of off‐premises sales of alcohol in Switzerland (only 2 days per week or only for beer and spirits) appeared to reduce hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication across a wide age range (ages 16–69 years).
Effects of statin therapy and exercise on postprandial triglycerides in overweight individuals with hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Mora‐Rodriguez Ricardo , Ortega Juan Fernando , Morales‐Palomo Felix , Ramirez‐Jimenez Miguel , Moreno‐Cabañas Alfonso 
Published: January 2020

AimsTo determine the effects of statins on postprandial lipaemia (PPL) and to study if exercise could enhance statin actions.MethodsTen hypercholesteraemic (blood cholesterol 204 ± 36 mg dL−1; low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol 129 ± 32 36 mg dL−1) overweight (body mass index 30 ± 4 kg m−2), metabolic syndrome individuals chronically medicated with statins (>6 months) underwent 5‐hour PPL tests in 4 occasions in a randomized order: (i) substituting their habitual statin medication by placebo for 96 hours (PLAC trial); (ii) taking their habitual statin medicine (STA trial); (iii) placebo combined with a bout of intense aerobic exercise (EXER+PLAC trial); and (iv) combining exercise and statin medicine (EXER+STA trial).ResultsBefore the fat meal, statin withdrawal (i.e. PLAC and EXER+PLAC) increased blood triglycerides (TG; 24%), low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol (31%) and total cholesterol (19%; all P < .05) evidencing treatment compliance. After the meal, statin withdrawal increased 5‐hour postprandial TG (PPTG) compared to its matched trials (94% higher PLAC vs STA and 45% higher EXER+PLAC vs EXER+STA; P < .05). EXER+PLAC trial did not lower PPTG below PLAC (i.e. incremental AUC of 609 ± 152 vs 826 ± 190 mg dL−1 5 h; P = .09). Adding exercise to statin did not result in larger reductions in PPTG (i.e. EXER+STA vs STA incremental area under the curve of 421 ± 87 vs 421 ± 84 mg dL−1 5 h; P = .99).ConclusionIn hypercholesteraemic metabolic syndrome individuals, chronic statin therapy blunts the elevations in TG after a fat meal (i.e. incremental area under the curve of PPTG) reducing the cardiovascular risk associated to their atherogenic dyslipidaemia. However, a single bout of intense aerobic exercise before the high fat meal, does not reduce PPTG but also does not interfere with the effects of statin treatment.
High infiltration of mast cells is associated with improved response to adjuvant chemotherapy in gallbladder cancer
Authors: Bo Xiaobo , Wang Jie , Wang Changcheng , Nan Lingxi , Gao Zhihui , Xin Yanlei , Li Min , Shen Sheng , Liu Han , Ni Xiaoling , Suo Tao , Zhang Dexiang , Lu Pinxiang , Wang Yueqi , Liu Houbao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent studies have reported that tumor‐infiltrating mast cells (TIM) play an important role in tumor regression, but the effect of TIM in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the prognostic value of TIM in GBC patients and its responsiveness to gemcitabine‐based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). A total of 298 GBC patients from Zhongshan Hospital were recruited for this study. TIM infiltration was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Accumulation of TIM is significantly associated with prolonged overall survival in GBC patients. The benefit from gemcitabine‐based ACT was superior among patients with high infiltration of TIM with GBC. Multivariate analysis identified TIM infiltration as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. A heatmap showed that TIM‐activated gene signatures were positively correlated with CD8+ T cells' gene signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that TIM was related to multiple T cell‐related processes and signaling pathways, including the interferon gamma signaling pathway and the leukocyte migration signaling pathway. It was confirmed that CD8+ T cell infiltration was positively correlated with high TIM infiltration in tissue microarray (TMA), suggesting that TIM infiltration was linked to the immune surveillance in GBC. TIM can be used as an independent prognostic factor and a predictor of therapeutic response of gemcitabine‐based ACT in GBC patients, which may mediate immune surveillance by recruiting and activating CD8+ T cells in GBC.
Occupational sitting time and subsequent risk of cancer: The Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study
Authors: Ihira Hikaru , Sawada Norie , Yamaji Taiki , Goto Atsushi , Shimazu Taichi , Kikuchi Hiroyuki , Inoue Shigeru , Inoue Manami , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective (JPHC) Study Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough occupational sitting time has been associated with adverse health outcomes and mortality, the association with cancer incidence remains unknown. This study investigated the association between occupational sitting time and risk of total and site‐specific cancer in a Japanese population. We evaluated 33 307 participants aged 50‐79 years who responded to a questionnaire in 2000‐2003 in the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study and were followed until 2013. Participants were grouped by sitting time at work. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cancer incidence were calculated with adjustment for potential confounders including moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. During 10.2 years of follow‐up, 3807 newly diagnosed cases of cancer were identified. Occupational sitting time was marginally associated with total cancer, with multivariable HRs for the ≥7 h/d vs 1 to <3 h/d category of 1.12 (95% CI, 0.99‐1.26; P for trend = .071) in men, but not women. Among findings for cancers at specific sites, long occupational sitting time was associated with increased risk of pancreas cancer, with multivariable HRs for the ≥7 h/d vs 1 to <3 h/d category of 2.25 (95% CI, 1.17‐4.34; P for trend = .021) in men, and lung cancer, with multivariable HRs for the ≥7 h/d vs 1 to <3 h/d category of 2.80 (95% CI, 1.33‐5.90; P for trend = .013) in women. Extended sitting time at work was associated with an increased risk of pancreas cancer in men and lung cancer in women.
Parentally reported barriers to seeking help and advice for child sleep from healthcare professionals
Authors: Cook Georgia , Appleton Jane V. , Wiggs Luci 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare professionals (HCPs), largely doctors, paediatricians, health visitors, midwives, and practice nurses, are in a good position to provide information, help, advice, or guidance to parents for child sleep. However, evidence suggests that there is a gap between the number of parents who desire assistance from HCPs and those that make use of these sources, yet very little is known about the reason for this apparent disparity. The aim of this study was to understand the barriers reported by parents to consulting HCPs about child sleep.MethodsIn this study, 266 U.K.‐based parents of children aged 6–36 months old completed an online questionnaire (between October 2015 and October 2016) about their help‐seeking behaviours in relation to child sleep. This included reporting perceived barriers to consulting HCPs for child sleep information and advice about problems.ResultsThematic analysis highlighted five themes, which parents reported acted as barriers to them consulting HCPs. Specifically, parents perceived HCPs to have a lack of knowledge or training around the topic of child sleep and that advice would be limited in terms of breadth of information or management options that would be offered. Parents were also concerned about wasting their own or HCPs' time, perceived there was a lack of continuity in the information they received, and held concerns about possible negative consequences for their family if they shared details about any child sleep difficulties.ConclusionsPossible practical approaches to address the barriers reported by parents are highlighted. This includes improving training around the topic of child sleep for HCPs and adapting the content or manner in which the topic of child sleep and any associated issues are addressed with parents.
Neuronal branching of sensory neurons is associated with BDNF‐positive eosinophils in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Guseva Daria , Rüdrich Urda , Kotnik Nika , Gehring Manuela , Patsinakidis Nikolaos , Agelopoulos Konstantin , Ständer Sonja , Homey Bernhard , Kapp Alexander , Gibbs Bernhard F. , Ponimaskin Evgeni , Raap Ulrike 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPruritus is a major symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD) and is transmitted by a subpopulation of non‐myelinated C‐type free nerve endings in the epidermis and upper dermis. Stimulation of these nerve terminals is affected by histamine, neurotrophins and physical factors. Eosinophils of patients with AD are a source of neurotrophins, including brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), levels of which correlate with disease severity.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical localization of eosinophils in the skin of patients with AD with regard to peripheral nerves and to investigate whether eosinophils induce sprouting and neurite outgrowth in murine sensory neurons.MethodsCryosections of skin derived from AD and control (NA) patients were subjected to immunofluorescence analysis with markers for eosinophils, BDNF and neuronal cells. Stimulated eosinophil supernatants were used for the treatment of cultured peripheral mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons followed by morphometric analysis.ResultsDermal axon density and the proximity of eosinophils to nerve fibres were significantly higher in AD patients vs NA. Both neuronal projections and eosinophils expressed BDNF. Furthermore, activated eosinophil supernatants induced BDNF‐dependent mouse DRG neuron branching.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur results indicate that BDNF‐positive eosinophils are also localized in close proximity with nerve fibres in AD, suggesting a functional relationship between BDNF‐expressing eosinophils and neuronal projections. These observations suggest that eosinophils may have considerable impact on pruritus by supporting sensory nerve branching.
Ultrasonographic characterization of lingual structures pertinent to oral, periodontal, and implant surgery
Authors: Barootchi Shayan , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Namazi Sharon S. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Kripfgans Oliver D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesIncreased applications of ridge augmentation in the lingual posterior mandible call for an urgent need to study its anatomy. Therefore, our first aim was to validate ultrasound in measuring the mandibular lingual structures in human cadavers. Secondarily, to test its feasibility in imaging the lingual nerve in live humans.Materials and methodsNine fresh un‐embalmed fully/partially edentulous cadaver heads were utilized for aim 1. Three areas in the lingual mandible were imaged (mandibular premolar, molar, and retromolar). Immediately after, biopsies were harvested from each site. The thickness of the mucosa, mylohyoid muscle, and lingual nerve diameter was measured via ultrasound and statistically compared to histology. Similarly, the lingual nerve in live humans was also imaged.ResultsNone of the differences between the ultrasound and histology measurements reached statistical significance (p > .05). The mean mucosal thickness via ultrasound and histology was 1.45 ± 0.49 and 1.39 ± 0.50 mm, 5 mm lingual to the mylohyoid muscle attachment. At 10 mm beyond the attachment, the ultrasound and histologic values were 1.54 ± 0.48 and 1.37 ± 0.49, respectively. The mean muscle thickness measured via ultrasound and histology was 2.31 ± 0.56 and 2.25 ± 0.47 mm, at the 5 mm distance. At the 10 mm distance, the measurements were 2.46 ± 0.56 and 2.36 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. The mean ultrasonic lingual nerve diameter was 2.38 ± 0.44 mm, versus 2.43 ± 0.42 mm, with histology. The lingual nerve diameter on 19 live humans averaged to 2.01 ± 0.35 mm (1.4–3.1 mm).ConclusionsWithin its limitations, ultrasound accurately measured mandibular lingual soft tissue structures on cadavers, and the lingual nerve on live humans.
Change without Transformation: Social Policy Reforms in the Philippines under Duterte
Authors: Ramos Charmaine G. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis article explores social policy reforms championed by the Philippines’ strongman president Rodrigo Duterte during his first three years in office (2016–19), as a case for examining the transformative potential of social policy expansion under rising new right‐wing and authoritarian leaders. By showing how political economy and historico‐institutional conditions foreclose the transformative possibilities of the social policy changes effected by Duterte, the author offers a critique of current tendencies in global development discourses to treat all forms of social policy expansion as progressive. In the Philippines case, there is no progressive ideology guiding the reforms, nor are there political movements overseeing the expansion of social rights now inscribed in law. Rather, the reforms institutionally entrench a minimalist approach to universalism and strengthen the foothold of poverty targeting as an organizing principle of social provisioning. Social policy expansion under Duterte manifests aspects of the ‘dark side’ of social policy reforms during the current global political moment, including the use of such policy reforms to legitimize a conservative and authoritarian political order, and the functionality, across the political spectrum, of ‘narrow universalism’ — the type championed by international development agencies — which serves to deepen segmentation in social provisioning.
Neoliberalism, Authoritarian Politics and Social Policy in China
Authors: Duckett Jane 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationships among neoliberalism, social policy expansion and authoritarian politics in contemporary China. It argues that in the era of neoliberalism, rising new right and authoritarian governments, the Chinese Communist Party has sought to retain power by shifting politically to the right and promoting neoliberal‐looking economic policies. These policies have raised average living standards but also increased insecurity for most of the Chinese population, while new social policies have facilitated marketization. Social policy expansion includes minimal cash transfers as well as social old‐age and health insurance for hitherto excluded sections of the population. These policies have begun to erode long‐standing urban–rural segregation, but they have added new, underfunded, social programmes rather than widening participation in existing ones, re‐segregating provision so that urban elites and formal sector workers enjoy much more generous provisions than many people working informally and those without work. These social policies’ most significant dark sides thus include compounded income inequalities and the segmentation and stigmatization of the poorest. Authoritarian controls have enabled the Communist Party to avoid redistributive policies that would undermine its urban support, so that politics in China differ from the right‐wing populism of new, anti‐establishment authoritarian regimes.