bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainties in coastal flood risk assessments in small island developing states
Authors: Parodi Matteo U. , Giardino Alessio , van Dongeren Ap , Pearson Stuart G. , Bricker Jeremy D. , Reniers Ad J. H. M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Considering the likely increase in coastal flooding in small island
developing states (SIDSs) due to climate change, coastal managers at the
local and global levels have been developing initiatives aimed at
implementing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and adaptation measures.
Developing science-based adaptation policies requires accurate coastal flood
risk (CFR) assessments, which in the case of insular states are often
subject to input uncertainty. We analysed the impact of a number of
uncertain inputs on coastal flood damage estimates: (i) significant wave
height, (ii) storm surge level and (iii) sea level rise (SLR) contributions
to extreme sea levels, as well as the error-driven uncertainty in (iv) bathymetric and (v) topographic datasets, (vi) damage models, and (vii)
socioeconomic changes. The methodology was tested through a sensitivity
analysis using an ensemble of hydrodynamic models (XBeach and SFINCS)
coupled with a direct impact model (Delft-FIAT) for a case study of a number
of villages on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. Model
results indicate that for the current time horizon, depth damage functions
(DDFs) and digital elevation models (DEMs) dominate the overall damage
estimation uncertainty. When introducing climate and socioeconomic
uncertainties to the analysis, SLR projections become the most relevant
input for the year 2100 (followed by DEM and DDF). In general, the scarcity
of reliable input data leads to considerable predictive uncertainty in CFR
assessments in SIDSs. The findings of this research can help to prioritize
the allocation of limited resources towards the acquisitions of the most
relevant input data for reliable impact estimation.
Variability of distributions of wave set-up heights along a shoreline with complicated geometry
Authors: Soomere Tarmo , Pindsoo Katri , Kudryavtseva Nadezhda , Eelsalu Maris 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The phenomenon of wave set-up may substantially
contribute to the formation of devastating coastal flooding in certain
coastal areas. We study the appearance and properties of empirical
probability density distributions of the occurrence of different set-up
heights on an approximately 80 km long section of coastline near Tallinn in
the Gulf of Finland, eastern Baltic Sea. The study area is often
attacked by high waves propagating from various directions, and the typical
approach angle of high waves varies considerably along the shore. The
distributions in question are approximated by an exponential distribution
with a quadratic polynomial as the exponent. Even though different segments
of the study area have substantially different wave regimes, the leading
term of this polynomial is usually small (between −0.005 and 0.005) and
varies insignificantly along the study area. Consequently, the distribution
of wave set-up heights substantially deviates from a Rayleigh or Weibull
distribution (that usually reflect the distribution of different wave
heights). In about three-quarters of the occasions, it is fairly well
approximated by a standard exponential distribution. In about 25 % of the
coastal segments, it qualitatively matches a Wald (inverse Gaussian)
distribution. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (D value) indicates that the
inverse Gaussian distribution systematically better matches the empirical
probability distributions of set-up heights than the Weibull, exponential, or
Gaussian distributions.
A disseminação de informação científica em escolas de governo como fator de inovação social
Authors: Santos Alessandra De Souza , Figueiredo Frederico De Carvalho 
Published: September 2020

Introdução: O desenvolvimento local e a inclusão social são fundamentalmente interligados à disseminação da informação científica como fator de inovação social. Nesse contexto, as Escolas de Governo devem se estruturar como espaços de trocas de conhecimentos críticos das relações de poder subjacentes no acesso ao conhecimento. Objetivo: Objetiva verificar a frequência da ocorrência de periódicos de acesso livre e de repositórios abertos, como instrumentos de disseminação de informação científica em Escolas de Governo do Ministério Público brasileiro, e analisar sua importância na transformação da realidade social sob a ótica da inovação social. Diferentes conceitos de inovação social foram abordados em diálogo com o papel formativo do Estado, por meio de suas Escolas de Governo e seus diferentes instrumentos de disseminação de informação científica. Metodologia: Consiste em estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa, com coleta de dados por meio de pesquisa documental em repositórios abertos e portais corporativos das Escolas de Governo dos Ministérios Públicos no Brasil. Trata os dados por meio de tabulação da frequência da ocorrência dos instrumentos. Conclusão: Sugere que o número de Escolas de Governo que não possuem instrumentos de disseminação de informação científica aberta ainda é alto. Demonstra a relevância de políticas institucionais que fortaleçam as Escolas dos Ministérios Públicos, principalmente aquelas Escolas Institucionais, cujas estruturas administrativas integram as Instituições. Importante também a efetividade da busca dos repositórios e revistas que nem sempre são amigáveis com os usuários.
Intervention Time Series Modeling of Infant Mortality: Impact of Free Maternal Health Care
Authors: Kisabuli J. , Ong'ala J. , Odero E. 
Published: September 2020

Infant mortality is an important marker of the overall society health. The 3rd goal of the Sustainable Development Goals aims at reducing infant deaths that occur due to preventable causes by 2030. Due to increased infant mortality the Kenyan government introduced Free Maternal Health Care as an intervention towards reducing infant mortality through elimination of the cost burden of accessing medical care by the mother and the infant. The study examines the impact of Free Maternal Health Care on infant mortality using Intervention time series analysis particularly the intervention Box Jenkins ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model. There was significant support that Free Maternal Health Care had a significant impact on infant mortality which was estimated to be a decrease of 10.15% in infant deaths per month.
Continuous Heart Volume Monitoring by Fully Implantable Soft Strain Sensor
Authors: Dual Seraina A. , Llerena Zambrano Byron , Sündermann Simon , Cesarovic Nikola , Kron Mareike , Magkoutas Konstantinos , Hengsteler Julian , Falk Volkmar , Starck Christoph , Meboldt Mirko , Vörös János , Schmid Daners Marianne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCardiothoracic open‐heart surgery has revolutionized the treatment of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. After the surgery, hemodynamic and volume management can be complicated, for example in case of vasoplegia after endocarditis. Timely treatment is crucial for outcomes. Currently, treatment decisions are made based on heart volume, which needs to be measured manually by the clinician each time using ultrasound. Alternatively, implantable sensors offer a real‐time window into the dynamic function of our body. Here it is shown that a soft flexible sensor, made with biocompatible materials, implanted on the surface of the heart, can provide continuous information of the heart volume after surgery. The sensor works robustly for a period of two days on a tensile machine. The accuracy of measuring heart volume is improved compared to the clinical gold standard in vivo, with an error of 7.1 mL for the strain sensor versus impedance and 14.0 mL versus ultrasound. Implanting such a sensor would provide essential, continuous information on heart volume in the critical time following the surgery, allowing early identification of complications, facilitating treatment, and hence potentially improving patient outcome.
Simultaneous integrated boost of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy to Stage II‐III non‐small cell lung cancer with metastatic lymph nodes
Authors: Li Qing‐Song , Liang Na , Ouyang Wei‐Wei , Su Sheng‐Fa , Ma Zhu , Geng Yi‐Chao , Yang Wen‐Gang , Hu Yin‐Xiang , Li Hui‐Qin , Lu Bing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLocal tumor failure remains a major problem after radiation‐based nonsurgical treatment for unresectable locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC）and inoperable stage II NSCLC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous integrated boost of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (SIB‐IMRT) to stage II‐III NSCLC with metastatic lymph nodes (ChiCTR 2000029304). Patients were diagnosed by pathology or PET‐CT. PTV was divided into two parts as follows, the PTV of primary tumor (PTVp) and the PTV of metastatic lymph nodes (PTVn). The radiotherapy doses were simultaneously prescripted 78 Gy (BED = 101.48 Gy) for PTVp and 60‐65 Gy (BED = 73.6‐81.25 Gy) for PTVn, 26f/5.2 weeks. Response was scored according to WHO criteria. Radiotherapy toxicity was scored according to RTOG criteria. Hematology and gastrointestinal toxicity were scored according to CTCAE1.0 criteria. A total of 20 patients were enrolled. Seventeen patients were diagnosed by pathology and three patients were diagnosed by PET‐CT. All patients were treated with SIB‐IMRT. The objective response rate (ORR) was 90%, with CR 25%, PR 65%, NC 10%, and PD 0%. Although radiotherapy toxicity was common, there were no grade ≥3, with radiation pneumonitis (10 cases), esophagitis (17 cases), and dermatitis (12 cases). The local control rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 85%, 75%, and 70%, respectively. The overall survival（OS）and local progression‐free survival (LPFS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 90%, 42.6%, and 35.5% and 84.4%, 35.5%, and 28.4%, respectively. SIB‐IMRT can significantly improve ORR and survival for stage II‐III NSCLC with metastatic lymph nodes, with high safety, and satisfactory efficacy. However, due to the limitation of small sample, these findings are needed to confirm by future trials with a larger sample size.
Foetal haemodynamic response to anaemia
Authors: Thammavong Keooudone , Luewan Suchaya , Jatavan Phudit , Tongsong Theera 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aims to update new knowledge regarding foetal cardiovascular response to anaemia, using foetal haemoglobin Bart's disease as a study model. Original research articles, review articles, and guidelines were narratively reviewed and comprehensively validated. The main foetal cardiovascular changes in response to anaemia are consequences of hypervolaemia and increased cardiac output to meet tissue oxygen requirement. New challenging insights are as follows: (i) the earliest morphological change is an increase in cardiac size and remodelling of the sphericity (an increase in diameter more pronounced than that in long axis) followed by several markers, such as placentomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly. (ii) The earliest functional change is increased peak systolic velocity of the red blood cells because of low viscosity, especially in the middle cerebral artery. (iii) The foetal heart has very high reserve potentials to cope with anaemia: increasing workload without increased central venous pressure and increased myocardial performance without compromising shortening fraction. This hard‐working period with good performance lasts long, including most part of the second and third trimester. (iv) At the time cardiomegaly myocardial cellular damage has already occurred, in spite of good cardiac function. (v) Anaemic hydrops foetalis is mainly due to hypervolaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and high vascular permeability, not heart failure. (vi) Foetal heart failure occurs only when the adaptive mechanism becomes exhausted or long after the development of anaemic hydrops foetalis. Heart failure is a very late result of a longstanding overworked heart. (vii) Ultrasound is highly effective in the detection of foetal response to anaemia. An increase in cardiac size and middle cerebral artery is very helpful in predicting the affected foetuses in pre‐hydropic phase. (viii) Theoretically, intrauterine treatment of anaemic hydrops results in satisfactory outcomes as long as cardiac function is normal, but intrauterine intervention should be strongly considered in pre‐hydropic phase because myocardial cell damage could have already occurred in this phase or early hydropic phase. Anaemic hydrops foetalis is not primarily caused by heart failure as commonly advocated, but it is rather a consequence of hypervolaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and high vascular permeability while heart failure is a very late consequence of a longstanding overworked heart. New insights gained from this review may be useful to base clinical practice on which sonographic markers imply significant pathological changes, how ultrasound can be helpful in early detection of anaemic response, when intrauterine transfusion for anaemia due to non‐lethal causes should be administered, etc.
Cell type‐specific evaluation ofADGRG1/GPR56function in developmental central nervous system myelination
Authors: Chiou Brian , Gao Chuang , Giera Stefanie , Folts Christopher J. , Kishore Priya , Yu Diankun , Oak Hayeon C. , Jiang Rongcai , Piao Xianhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyelination of axons in the central nervous system (CNS) is a concerted effort between many cell types, resulting in significant cross‐talk and communication among cells. Adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor ADGRG1 (GPR56) is expressed in all major glial cells and regulates a wide variety of physiological processes by mediating cell–cell and cell–matrix communications. Previous literature has demonstrated the requirement of ADGRG1 in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during developmental myelination. However, it is unknown if ADGRG1 is responsible for myelin formation in a cell‐type‐specific manner. To that end, here we profiled myelin status in response to deletion ofAdgrg1specifically in OPCs, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. Interestingly, we find that knocking outAdgrg1in OPCs significantly decreases OPC proliferation and reduced number of myelinated axons. However, deletingAdgrg1in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons does not impact developmental myelination. These data support an autonomous functional role forAdgrg1in OPCs related to myelination.
Innovative initiative for effective operation and monitoring using HEC‐RAS modelling of Hakra Branch Canal System, Pakistan*
Authors: Kamran Muhammad , Yousaf Wasif , Rajapakse R.L.H.L. , Kareem Awan Wakas , Riaz Muhammad , Asif Nayyar Minhaj , Umar Muhammad , Shah Usman Tehsin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Punjab Irrigation System is one of the world's largest contiguous systems, with its entire network extending over nearly 31,000 km in length. The system faces numerous constraints that limit the canal operations and their respective design discharges. Shortage of irrigation water is a contest that normally occurs at canal tail‐end users. The hydraulic performance of open canal networks is not easy to assess; therefore, it is impossible to feed the lateral offtakes with their design shares without changing designed or existing gate openings. To overcome these problems, a Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC‐RAS) model has been developed to simulate the flow situation in the canal system. For this study, the Hakra Branch Canal System with a command area of 1.4 million hectares was selected. To recognize model performance, water levels at the head of the canal and tail discharge have been compared with field data. The simulated results show the best‐fit match with field head water levels with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.765 and 0.877 and tail discharges of the canal with R2 = 0.707 and 0.945, for calibration and validation periods, respectively. The hydraulic simulation model is a useful tool for effective canal operation to determine the losses and find out the expected discharge for the tail‐end users. It has been observed that the proportion of excess actual delivery of water to lateral offtakes results in inadequate water supply for the tail‐end users. It is recommended that during the observation of the seasonally discharge table, the irrigation engineer should adjust a factor either in the HEC‐RAS model or in the observed data. It is also recommended to develop an unsteady model for considering sediment transport.
Variability in Parenteral Nutrition Use in US Children's Hospitals
Authors: Pettit Robert John , Pruitt Liese C.C. , Iantorno Stephanie , Bucher Brian T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe variability of parenteral nutrition (PN) use for pediatric inpatients is currently unknown. In this
study, we aim to determine the variability in PN use in US children's hospitals and the association of PN initiation with inpatient PN use.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of children who received PN during an inpatient encounter in US children's hospitals. Hospitals were divided into tertiles based on their rates of PN use: low (<36.9 of 1000 encounters), medium (36.9–51.8 of 1000 encounters), and high (>51.8 of 1000 encounters). Multivariable regression models were developed to assess the associations between hospital PN use and time to PN initiation, PN duration, and encounter length of stay after adjustment for salient patient characteristics.ResultsThe cohort included 82,142 patients receiving PN, and rates of hospital PN use ranged from 5.9 to 76.7 patients receiving PN per 1000 inpatient encounters. After multivariable adjustment, patients treated at high‐use hospitals had a significantly shorter time to initiation of PN compared with low‐use hospitals (incident rate ratio [95% CI]: 0.78 [0.69–0.89]; P < .001). There was no significant association between low‐ and medium‐ or high‐use hospitals regarding PN duration or hospital length of stay.ConclusionLarge variation in PN use exists among US children's hospitals. High‐use hospitals are more likely to start PN earlier but do not have longer PN duration or encounter length of stay. This variability makes PN use an ideal target for hospital quality improvement efforts to improve adherence to PN evidence‐based guidelines.
Telomerase RNA processing: Implications for human health and disease
Authors: Nagpal Neha , Agarwal Suneet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Telomeres are composed of repetitive DNA sequences that are replenished by the enzyme telomerase to maintain the self-renewal capacity of stem cells. The RNA component of human telomerase (TERC) is the essential template for repeat addition by the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and also serves as a scaffold for several factors comprising the telomerase ribonucleoprotein (RNP). Unique features of TERC regulation and function have been informed not only through biochemical studies but also through human genetics. Disease-causing mutations impact TERC biogenesis at several levels including RNA transcription, post-transcriptional processing, folding, RNP assembly, and trafficking. Defects in TERC reduce telomerase activity and impair telomere maintenance, thereby causing a spectrum of degenerative diseases called telomere biology disorders (TBDs). Deciphering mechanisms of TERC dysregulation have led to a broader understanding of noncoding RNA biology, and more recently points to new therapeutic strategies for TBDs. In this review, we summarize over two decades of work revealing mechanisms of human telomerase RNA biogenesis, and how its disruption causes human diseases.
Vibration analysis of multi walled piezoelectric nanoresonator conveying fluid flow: Influences of surface/interface energy and walled number effects
Authors: Kachapi Sayyid H. Hashemi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn current work, the surface/interface parameters effects and walled number of fluid‐conveying multi walled piezoelectric nanoresonator (FC‐MWPENR) are investigated on dimensionless natural frequency (DNF) with considering viscous fluid velocity. The mentioned nanostructures (FC‐MWPENR) are subjected to nonlinear electrostatic excitation, nonlinear van der Waals interaction and also viscoelastic foundation. For this aim, Hamilton's approach, the Lagrange–Euler's and the assumed mode methods are used. The influences of FC‐MWPENR walled number are considered for analysis of dimensionless natural frequency respect to the surface/interface effect such as Lame's constants (, residual stress (, piezoelectric constants (), and mass density (.
The distances measurement problem for an underwater robotic swarm: a semi-experimental trial, using power LEDs, in unknown sea water conditions
Authors: dell’Erba Ramiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn a preceding paper, we have showed as swarm robotics displacement can be related to the deformation of a continuum material, discretized by a lattice network representing the swarm. To reach this aim, it is fundamental to know the swarm configuration, i.e., its shape; this can be computed from the knowledge of the relative distances between its elements and it is studied as a geometry distances problem. Typically, ultrasonic devices are employed to measure the distances. We propose a method based on light signal exchanged between the machines and the computing of the unknown water adsorption coefficient and distance. Aim of this paper is, therefore, to measure distances between underwater elements of the swarm using cheap power LEDs as light source and photodiode as receiver. The receiving photodiode produces a current we can correlate with distance and water adsorption coefficient; we can be able to estimate the two unknown parameters by moving the robots and stressing the emission conditions of the LED diode. Actual work is based on a previous paper where we stressed work conditions of a power LED in shallow water to change its emission characteristics; now, using these results, we can now perform a set of measurements leading to the knowledge of distances d and adsorption coefficient $$a(\lambda ). $$

a
(
λ
)
.

The method we propose here can be a possible support to traditional ultrasonic devices
New Riemannian manifolds with Lp-unbounded Riesz transform for p > 2
Authors: Amenta Alex 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe construct a large class of Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension with Riesz transform unbounded on $$L^p(M)$$

L
p

(
M
)

for all $$p > 2$$

p
>
2

. This extends recent results for Vicsek manifolds, and in particular shows that fractal structure is not necessary for this property.
On Lipschitz Continuity of Projections onto Polyhedral Moving Sets
Authors: Bednarczuk Ewa M. , Rutkowski Krzysztof E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Hilbert space setting we prove local lipchitzness of projections onto parametric polyhedral sets represented as solutions to systems of inequalities and equations with parameters appearing both in left- and right-hand sides of the constraints. In deriving main results we assume that data are locally Lipschitz functions of parameter and the relaxed constant rank constraint qualification condition is satisfied.