bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilocus phylogeny- and fruiting feature-assisted delimitation of European Cyclocybe aegerita from a new Asian species complex and related species
Authors: Frings Roman A. , Maciá-Vicente Jose G. , Buße Sandra , Čmoková Adéla , Kellner Harald , Hofrichter Martin , Hennicke Florian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCyclocybe aegerita(synonym:Agrocybe aegerita) is a widely cultivated edible and reportedly almost cosmopolitan mushroom species that serves as a model fungus for basidiome formation and as producer of useful natural products and enzymes. Focusing on strains from different continents, here, we present a phylogenetic analysis of this species and some adjacent taxa that employs four phylogenetic markers. In addition, we tested the strains’ capability to fructify on agar media. Our analysis reveals that “C. aegerita sensu lato” splits up into the following two well-supported monophyletic geographic lineages: a European clade and an Asian clade. The European one is closely associated with the Chinese speciesCyclocybe salicaceicola. In contrast, the Asian lineage, which we preliminarily designate asCyclocybe chaxinguagg., may comprise several species (species complex) and clusters with the Pacific speciesCyclocybe parasitica(New Zealand). In addition, fruiting properties differ acrossC. aegeritaand its Asian and Pacific relatives; however, strains from the Asian clade andC. parasiticatend to form larger basidiomes with relatively big caps and long stipes and strains from the European clade exhibit a more variable fruiting productivity with the tendency to form more basidiomes, with smaller caps and shorter stipes. Moreover, some strains showed individual fruiting patterns, such as the preference to fruit where they were exposed to injuring stimuli. In conclusion, the delimitation of the newly delimited Asian species complex from our multilocus phylogeny of “C. aegerita sensu lato”, which is supported by phenotypic data, depicts an exemplary case of biogeographic diversity within a previously thought homogeneous species of near worldwide distribution.
Distinct transport mechanism in Candida albicans methylammonium permeases
Authors: Neuhäuser B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is crucial for the growth and development of an organism whether ammonium is transported across its membranes in a form of NH4+ or NH3. The transport of both molecules follows different pH-dependent gradients across membranes and transport of both substrates differentially affects the internal and external pH. As a consequence, they directly influence the physiology and organism development. CaMep2 from Candida albicans shows a dual transceptor function in ammonium transport and sensing. CaMep2 senses low ammonium availability and induces filamentous growth. CaMep1, by contrast, is only active in transport, but not involved in ammonium signaling. Here, both proteins were heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. This study identified electrogenic NH4+ transport by CaMep1 and electroneutral NH3 transport by CaMep2, which might be a prerequisite for the induction of pseudohyphal growth.
An Agonistic Approach to Technological Conflict
Authors: Popa Eugen Octav , Blok Vincent , Wesselink Renate 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTraditional approaches to conflict are oriented towards establishing (or re-establishing) consensus, either in the form of a resolution of the conflict or in the form of an ‘agree-to-disagree’ standstill between the stakeholders. In this paper, we criticize these traditional approaches, each for specific reasons, and we propose and develop the agonistic approach to conflict. Based on Chantal Mouffe’s agonistic democratic theory, the agonistic approach to conflict is more welcoming of dissensus, replacing discussion stoppers with discussion starters and replacing standstills with contestation. We illustrate such replacements and develop this approach, we analyse technological conflicts in a concrete R&D setting: the global hydrogen economy. From this context, we focus on the conflict between the proponents of blue hydrogen (drawn from fossil fuels) and those of green hydrogen (created through electrolysis). We conclude by highlighting the advantage of the agonistic approach but also drawing attention to its own specific risk, namely, antagonism.
A Dynamic Emergency Decision-Making Method Based on Group Decision Making with Uncertainty Information
Authors: Zheng Jing , Wang Yingming , Zhang Kai , Liang Juan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn emergency decision making (EDM), it is necessary to generate an effective alternative quickly. Case-based reasoning (CBR) has been applied to EDM; however, choosing the most suitable case from a set of similar cases after case retrieval remains challenging. This study proposes a dynamic method based on case retrieval and group decision making (GDM), called dynamic case-based reasoning group decision making (CBRGDM), for emergency alternative generation. In the proposed method, first, similar historical cases are identified through case similarity measurement. Then, evaluation information provided by group decision makers for similar cases is aggregated based on regret theory, and comprehensive perceived utilities for the similar cases are obtained. Finally, the most suitable historical case is obtained from the case similarities and the comprehensive perceived utilities for similar historical cases. The method is then applied to an example of a gas explosion in a coal company in China. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective in EDM. The advantages of the proposed method are verified based on comparisons with existing methods. In particular, dynamic CBRGDM can adjust the emergency alternative according to changing emergencies. The results of application of dynamic CBRGDM to a gas explosion and comparison with existing methods verify its feasibility and practicability.
Outdoor Walking Speeds of Apparently Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Murtagh Elaine M. , Mair Jacqueline L. , Aguiar Elroy , Tudor-Locke Catrine , Murphy Marie H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Walking outdoors can be used by many individuals to meet public health guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. The speed at which adults walk may be a proxy for intensity. Traditional estimates of indoor walking speed are unlikely to reflect self-selected usual or other instructed paces of outdoor walking speed.

Objective
To inform estimates of pace-based walking speed of apparently healthy adults in outdoor settings.

Methods
We searched four electronic databases for articles published in English between January 1970 and March 2019. Studies that reported walking speed (m/s), cadence (steps/min), or intensity (mL/kg/min) of ambulatory, apparently healthy, and community-dwelling adults (> 18 years) were included. Walking speed categories were defined according to the description provided in each study. Meta-analysis was used to synthesise speed, cadence, and intensity data by slow, usual, medium, fast, and maximal pace (where reported).

Results
Thirty-five studies, representing 14,015 participants (6808 women, 5135 men, and 2072 sex not specified), were identified. The mean (95% CI) walking speed for slow, usual, medium, fast, and maximal pace was 0.82 (0.77–0.86), 1.31 (1.27–1.35), 1.47 (1.44–1.49), 1.72 (1.64–1.81), and 1.62 (1.45–1.79) m/s, respectively. Mean cadence (95% CI) for usual and fast paces were 116.65 (114.95–118.35) and 126.75 (121.87–131.63) steps/min, respectively. The mean oxygen consumption (95% CI) for the usual and medium paces was 11.97 (11.69–12.25) and 13.34 (12.94–13.73) mL/kg/min, respectively.

Conclusion
These findings provide greater clarity with regard to how various indicators of enacted walking pace, speed, and intensity overlap and how each can be best communicated in the real-world setting to optimise health-related outcomes. Pace-based instructions can be used to support walking in outdoor settings within public health guidelines.
An educational workshop designed for research ethics consultants to educate investigators on ethical considerations
Authors: Yanagawa Hiroaki , Chuma Masayuki , Takechi Kenshi , Yagi Kenta , Sato Yasutaka , Kane Chikako , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Doi Kaori , Inoue Yusuke , Matsui Kenji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe role of research ethics consultants in biomedical research has increased to the point that they have an advisory capacity at all research institutes. For such professionals, we have established an educational system, which includes teaching materials, training methods, and nationwide educational workshops. These workshops have served to examine the developed system’s usefulness and to provide realistic training for consultant candidates. In addition, we have used the current workshop to encourage clinical research investigators (and related personnel) to participate. Subsequently, we examined its usefulness as an opportunity to provide exposure to research ethics. In October 2019, we held a 1-day pilot workshop in Tokushima, Japan, which included a basic lecture in research ethics. During the lecture, two sets of materials were used for case discussion: case 1, covering issues related to a clinical trial, and case 2, covering issues related to human biological specimens. At the end of the workshop, a 30-item self-reporting anonymous questionnaire was provided. Of the 13 total participants, 9 (70%) were clinical research investigators and related personnel, while 6 (46%) had no direct intention to act as consultants. Respondents indicated that case 2 was more difficult than case 1. However, both cases were generally accepted as educational materials; thus, satisfaction was expressed in relation to both. As the evaluations of the cases were generally positive, we will further examine the usefulness of participation in the workshop in the cultivation of research ethics in the investigator community.
Holonomic extended least angle regression
Authors: Härkönen Marc , Sei Tomonari , Hirose Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the main problems studied in statistics is the fitting of models. Ideally, we would like to explain a large dataset with as few parameters as possible. There have been numerous attempts at automatizing this process. Most notably, the Least Angle Regression algorithm, or LARS, is a computationally efficient algorithm that ranks the covariates of a linear model. The algorithm is further extended to a class of distributions in the generalized linear model by using properties of the manifold of exponential families as dually flat manifolds. However this extension assumes that the normalizing constant of the joint distribution of observations is easy to compute. This is often not the case, for example the normalizing constant may contain a complicated integral. We circumvent this issue if the normalizing constant satisfies a holonomic system, a system of linear partial differential equations with a finite-dimensional space of solutions. In this paper we present a modification of the holonomic gradient method and add it to the extended LARS algorithm. We call this the holonomic extended least angle regression algorithm, or HELARS. The algorithm was implemented using the statistical software , and was tested with real and simulated datasets.
From Transcripts to Insights for Recommending the Curriculum to University Students
Authors: Mai Thong Le , Chung Minh Thanh , Le Van Thanh , Thoai Nam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudent data play an important role in evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs in the universities. All data are aggregated to calculate the education criteria by year, region, or organization. Remarkably, recent studies showed the data impacts when making exploration to predict student performance objectives. Many methods in terms of data mining were proposed to be suitable to extract useful information in regards to data characteristics. However, the reconciliation between applied methods and data characteristics still exists some challenges. Our paper will demonstrate the analysis of this relationship for a specific dataset in practice. The paper describes a distributed framework based on Spark for extracting information from raw data. Then, we integrate machine learning techniques to train the prediction model. The experiments results are analyzed through different scenarios to show the harmony between the influencing factors and applied techniques.
“The Problem of Witchcraft”: Violence and the Supernatural in Global African Refugee Mobilities
Authors: Luongo Katherine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:Over the last two decades, witchcraft violence has emerged steadily as a “push factor” for African asylum seekers who argue that being accused of witchcraft or targeted with witchcraft renders them members of a “particular social group” (PSG), subject to persecution and eligible for refugee protection under the 1951 UN Refugee Convention. This article examines the refugee status determination (RSD) processes through which immigration regimes in Canada and Australia have adjudicated allegations about witchcraft violence made by asylum seekers from across Anglophone Africa. It critiques the utility of expanding PSG along cultural lines without a commensurate expansion in adjudicators’ knowledge.
Extended use or reuse of single-use surgical masks and filtering face-piece respirators during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A rapid systematic review
Authors: Toomey Elaine C. , Conway Yvonne , Burton Chris , Smith Simon , Smalle Michael , Chan Xin-Hui S. , Adisesh Anil , Tanveer Sarah , Ross Lawrence , Thomson Iain , Devane Declan , Greenhalgh Trish 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground:Shortages of personal protective equipment during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have led to the extended use or reuse of single-use respirators and surgical masks by frontline healthcare workers. The evidence base underpinning such practices warrants examination.Objectives:To synthesize current guidance and systematic review evidence on extended use, reuse, or reprocessing of single-use surgical masks or filtering face-piece respirators.Data sources:We used the World Health Organization, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Public Health England websites to identify guidance. We used Medline, PubMed, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Database, and preprint servers for systematic reviews.Methods:Two reviewers conducted screening and data extraction. The quality of included systematic reviews was appraised using AMSTAR-2. Findings were narratively synthesized.Results:In total, 6 guidance documents were identified. Levels of detail and consistency across documents varied. They included 4 high-quality systematic reviews: 3 focused on reprocessing (decontamination) of N95 respirators and 1 focused on reprocessing of surgical masks. Vaporized hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation were highlighted as the most promising reprocessing methods, but evidence on the relative efficacy and safety of different methods was limited. We found no well-established methods for reprocessing respirators at scale.Conclusions:Evidence on the impact of extended use and reuse of surgical masks and respirators is limited, and gaps and inconsistencies exist in current guidance. Where extended use or reuse is being practiced, healthcare organizations should ensure that policies and systems are in place to ensure these practices are carried out safely and in line with available guidance.
The conflict between market competition and worker solidarity: moving from consumer to a citizen welfare standard in competition law
Authors: Cengiz Firat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper critically investigates the law and economics of competition law enforcement in conflicts between workers and employers in the EU and the US. The conflict between worker solidarity and market competition attracts significant public attention due to the legal conundrum facing precariously employed gig workers. This paper reveals that in light of the strict consumer welfare standard underlying competition rules, competition law has become an overall disciplining mechanism impeding collective worker action beyond the limited case of the gig economy. Using a holistic theoretical framework comprising of neoclassical and Marxist exploitation theories, the paper shows that sound economic analysis justifies resolving the competition–solidarity conflict in favour of solidarity. After showing that the consumer welfare standard overlooks the idiosyncratic qualities of labour as a ‘fictitious’ commodity, the paper offers an original and inclusive ‘citizen welfare’ standard that takes into consideration how anti-competitive behaviour affects workers as well as consumers. As a result, the paper also contributes to the post-2008 debate on whether and how competition law could contribute to equality by shedding light on competition law's treatment of workers and their welfare.
Ginger and turmeric lipid-solubles attenuate heated oil-induced cardio-hepatic oxidative stress via the up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and decrease blood pressure in rats
Authors: Zarei Mehrdad , Acharya Pooja , Talahalli Ramaprasad Ravichandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeep-fried vegetable oils are reused multiple times to save costs, and their chronic consumption may cause organ dysfunction. In this study, we assessed the modulatory effects of lipid-solubles from ginger and turmeric that may migrate to oils during heating, on the cardio-hepatic antioxidant defence response and blood pressure in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with: (1) control (native rapeseed (N-CNO) or native sunflower (N-SFO)) oil, (2) heated (heated rapeseed (H-CNO) or heated sunflower (H-SFO)) oil and (3) heated oil with ginger or turmeric (heated rapeseed oil with ginger (H-CNO + GI) or heated rapeseed oil with turmeric (H-CNO + TU), heated sunflower oil with ginger (H-SFO + GI) or heated sunflower oil with turmeric (H-SFO + TU)) for 120 d. Oxidative stress (OS) markers, antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2), markers of hepatic and cardiac function and blood pressure were assessed. Feeding heated oils (H-CNO or H-SFO) (1) increased OS markers, NOS-2 and ICAM-1 expression; (2) decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and NRF-2 level; (3) increased marker enzymes of hepatic and cardiac function and (4) increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly (P < 0·05), when compared with respective native oils (N-CNO or N-SFO). However, feeding oils heated with ginger or turmeric positively countered the changes induced by heated oils. Consumption of repeatedly heated oil causes cardio-hepatic dysfunction by inducing OS through NRF-2 down-regulation. Lipid-solubles from ginger and turmeric that may migrate to oil during heating prevent the oxidative stress and blood pressure triggered by heated oils in rats.
Epigraphy and Ambition: Building Inscriptions in the Hinterland of Carthage
Authors: Hellström Monica 
Published: October 2020

abstractBuilding inscriptions are not a good proxy for building activity or, by extension, prosperity. In the part of Roman North Africa where they are the most common, the majority of surviving building inscriptions document the construction of religious buildings by holders of local priesthoods, usually of the imperial cult. The rise of such texts in the second centurya.d., and their demise in the early third century, have no parallel in the epigraphic evidence for other types of construction, and should not be used as evidence for the pace of construction overall. Rather than economic change, these developments reflect shifts in the prospects of aspirational local elites, for whom priesthoods served as springboards to more prestigious positions. These positions were linked to Carthage through administrative arrangements that made this city the metropolis for scores of dependent towns and their ambitious elites.
Is knowing the constructions enough to understand modality patterns in English?
Authors: Fong Ronald 
Published: October 2020

Grammarians and teachers would admit that modality is one of the most difficult areas to deal with in English grammar, and it is particularly difficult for learners of English to master this area of grammar. Modality can be achieved by different means (see, for example, Huddleston & Pullum, 2002; Lyons, 1977; Quirk et al., 1985). The following examples illustrate modality by the use of words of various categories:
(1)Maybe you are right.(2)You may be right.(3)I think you are right.(4)I am certain you are right.
Health Care Services in Shopping Centers: A Routine Mass-Gathering Event
Authors: Ceyhan Mehmet Ali , Demir Gültekin Günhan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground:Shopping centers (SCs) are social areas with a group of commercial establishments which attract customers of numerous people every day. However, analysis of urgent health conditions and provided health care in SCs has not been performed so far.Objective:The aim of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of clients visiting SCs and demographics, complaints, and health care of patients admitted to Emergency Medical Intervention Units (EMIU) located in grand SCs in Ankara, Turkey.Methods:Customer and health care records of nine grand SCs in Ankara from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Health care services in EMIUs of SCs were provided by employed medical staff. Data including demographic characteristics, complaints, treatment protocols, discharge, and referral to hospital of the patients were retrospectively analyzed from medical registration forms.Results:Medical records of nine grand SCs were analyzed. Number of customers could not be obtained in three SCs due to privacy issues and were not included in patient presentation rate (PPR) and transport-to-hospital rate (TTHR) calculation. Total number of customers in the remaining six SCs were 53,277,239. The total number of patients seeking medical care was 6,749. The number of patients seeking health care in six SCs with known number of customers was 4,498 and PPR ranged from 0.018 to 0.381 patients per 1,000 attendants. The median age of the recorded 4,065 patients (60.2%) was 28 (interquartile range [IQR]: 38-21), and 3,611 (53.5%) of the patients admitted to EMIUs were female. The number of patients treated in the SC was 4,634 (68.6%) and 189 patients (2.8%) were transferred-to-hospital by ambulance for further evaluation and treatment. Transportation to hospital was required in 125 patients who sought medical care in six SCs which provided total number of customers, and TTHR ranged from 0.000 to 0.005 patients per 1,000 attendants. No sudden cardiac death was seen. Medical conditions were the primary reasons for seeking health care. The most frequent causes of presentation were laceration and abrasions (639 patients, 9.4%).Conclusion:The PPR and TTHR in SCs are low. The most common causes of presentation are minor conditions and injuries. Majority of urgent medical conditions in SCs can be managed by health care providers in EMIUs.