bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student's attitudes towards induced abortion and its associated factors
Authors: Tapia Pulido E A , Cosgalla González R I , Alemán Pérez I A , Cervantes Gómez K C , Márquez Celedonio F G , Villegas Domínguez J E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
At present, the legal status of abortion worldwide is maintained heterogeneously. In Mexico, its practice is allowed within the capital of the country and one more state, provided that it is before the 12th week, however in the rest of the country it is still classified as illegal. Research question: What are the factors associated with the modification of attitudes towards abortion?

Methods
An observational, prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in Veracruz, Mexico between December 2019 and March 2020. University students from public and private schools were included, from the city of Veracruz-Boca del Río, selecting the participants through a non-probabilistic sampling. The Attitudes Abortion Questionnaire was applied to assess the attitudes provided, pro-selection, reproductive rights, health risk and legalization. The surveys were conducted through Google Forms® and were answered on that same platform. The results were collected and analyzed with the SPSS Statistic® program.

Results
517 students were included. Private school students showed differences in pro-election attitudes when compared to public, students from urban areas had more pro-election attitudes and in favor of reproductive law compared to those from rural areas, having active sex life and having someone known to having performed induced abortion favors the attitude of pro-choice, reproductive rights and the legalization of abortion as a means of solution for its complications, and detracts from the position provided, in both situations (p &lt; 0.05). The strong religioside is the one who has the main differences showing less points in the pro-election, reproductive law and legalization as a solution and more in being provided. (p &lt; 0.001)

Conclusions
The social context still manifests itself uneven at the moment of having a posture and attitude with the legalization of induced abortion, being strong, independent of religion strong beliefs in a god.

Key messages
University students are in different positions before abortion according to their social and cultural context. The regulation of the abortion policy will have to contemplate the particular Mexican situation taking into account its social fabric and the moment in which it lives.
Has the impact of heatwaves on mortality changed in Slovenia? A study of the heatwaves, 2014-2018
Authors: Percic S , Cegnar T , Hojs A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Heat waves are associated with increased mortality. In the last years the decreasing trend has been observed.

Methods
We estimated relative risks for number of deaths, for the observed diagnoses, sex and age, as well as 95% confidence intervals and excess deaths associated with heat waves occurring in the years from 2014 to 2018.

Results
Statistically significant were: in 2014, all, all causes (RR 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.40); male, all causes (1.26 (1.09-1.45)); female, all causes (1.27 (1.11-1.44)); 5-74 years, all causes (1.26 (1.07-1.49)): 75+ years, all causes (1.27 (1.12-1.43)); all, circulatory system (1.24 (1.06-1.45)): female, circulatory system (1.27 (1.04-1.55)); 75+ years, circulatory system (1.3 (1.1-1.55)); female, 75+ years, circulatory system (1.33 (1.08-1.64)) and all, neoplasms (1.33 (1.11-1.59)), in 2015, 75+ years, all causes (1.11 (1.00-1.22)); all, circulatory system (1.14 (1.01-1.3)) and 75+ years, circulatory system (1.17 (1.01-1.34)), in 2016, 5-74 years, circulatory system (1.17 (1.01-1.34)) and male, 5-74 years, circulatory system (1.41 (1.01-1.99)), in 2017 and 2018 no statistically significance appeared.

Conclusions
Despite increasing heat load in observed years, we did not notice a statistically significant association between heat waves and the number of deaths in the last observed years 2017 and 2018. The results indirectly indicate that we are on the right track with public health efforts to raise awareness among Slovenes about the danger of heatwaves and appropriate measures.

Key messages
Heat waves will become more frequent, more intense and will last longer in the future, Due to these facts public health efforts are continously needed. The population is growing old and chronical noncommunicating diseases increases, so the burden of heatwaves will continue for voulnerable groups.
Public Health Consortia and potentiation of the collective action on the process of regionalization
Authors: Andrade S K , Mendonça F F , Bento L C , Baduy R S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The regionalization is one of the biggest Brazilian challengers on public system of health since its decentralization and, once consolidated, turns possible the structuration of a regional scale, which can potentiates the territories. Among the organizational arrangements on health region, the public health consortium is one of the participants on public politics. Considering that the consortium must deal not only with the sum of individuals, but with a joint project, a collective action, this study aims to investigate the perception of health managers about the consortium they are part of, its role and performance on regionalization process. The research had a qualitative and exploratory approach and it was submitted to the ethics committee approval process. Data collection was done through interviews and focus groups, with semi-structured scripts. The participants were health manager or a team member from counties of the region, state and ministry of health. The analysis methodology adopted was the discourse analysis. The results were classified on conditions that limit the consolidation of regionalization through consortium and the conditions that favor it. The conditions that limit were the insufficient knowledge about consortia's role followed by its inappropriate uses and prevail of distinct and individual interests among federative entities on decision making. Otherwise, the conditions with favour regionalization among consortium are the representatively of collective interests and the collaboration character on the consortia action. In the studied territory, the public health consortia was positioned as a strategic tool, its coherent performance is revealed on the perception of the study subjects, unveiling new perspectives for strengthen the regionalization. Concluding, public health consortia can be configured as an innovative role in territorial priorities and in the midst of needs of the entities, which can be replied around the world.

Key messages
The regionalization turns possible the structuration of a regional scale, which potentiates the territories and one of its arrangements is the public consortium. Public health consortia can be configured as an innovative role in territorial priorities and in the midst of needs of the entities, which can be replied around de world.
Words Counts: Family Planning Advocacy in a US Context
Authors: Bormet M , Noziglia B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Words, and the emotions they elicit, matter. This is especially true when dealing with a subject that inflames passionate emotions like family planning (FP). Despite the benefits gained from FP, such as improved maternal and child health, many remain skeptical, especially with questions of abortion's place in discussing women's sexual and reproductive health.
Language to talk about FP with US government (USG) policymakers and faith-based organizations (FBOs), especially from a conservative perspective, was tested through focus groups, one-on-one interviews with FBOs and 18 Congressional offices. Overall results were clear that defining what terms mean is crucial to buy-in, helped identify which terms are most palatable to faith audiences in the US and understanding the context of when and how to use terms and definitions is essential when advocating to USG audiences on such a sensitive topic.
Despite the benefits gained from family planning (reduce poverty, reduce risk of HIV/AIDS, improve maternal and child health) some policy makers remain skeptical. Many of these reservations come from questions of abortion's place in discussing women's sexual and reproductive health. However, FP services reduce abortions, by preventing unplanned pregnancies and empower families to grow in safe and healthy ways. Highlighting initiatives supported by local faith leaders, reinforcing messages from health care professionals, can reduce the skepticism of FP services. This allows policy makers to make decisions impacting family planning based on facts and data, not conjecture.

Key messages
Explain what language is most palatable and culturally appropriate to use and be understood by faith-based organizations and conservative policy makers in the United States on family planning. Discuss others experiences in speaking with conservative policy makers in the United States regarding family planning.
Ban on electronic cigarettes in Brazil: a policy in favor of human rights
Authors: Maia A C A , Fabriz D C , Motta T A , Zanotelli V F , Zamprogno B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This research aims to study the prohibition of electronic cigarettes' commerce in Brazil and to demonstrate its relevance in the realization of freedom and health, especially considering the impact of these devices worldwide. Also known as Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (Ends) and e-cigarettes it is a type of product designed to deliver nicotine, derived from tobacco leaf, in the form of an aerosol, some of which are also sold without nicotine.
It is necessary to analyze, using rhetoric as method, as well as the science of statistics, the conflicting principles of freedom and life involved in the citizen's right to choose and public health, to answer the question: Is a complete ban on e-cigs the correct policy from the government? The commercialization, importation and advertising of electronic cigarettes was prohibited by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) in 2009, thus banning, at least legally, access to the devices inside the country. Despite this prohibition, the trade in vaporizers and their fluids, which contains nicotine, is easily achieved on the internet, informally. It must be noted that, even considering the benefits of vaping for chronic smokers, there is the concern of secondhand smokers and the upsurge of young people taking on vaping to consider.
The conclusion is that, although both individual freedom and health are constitutional rights, in this conflict between them, the suppression of individual freedom is needed, since health is a public concern, and it stands to reason that, even considering the lesser impact vaping has on people, compared to combustion cigarettes, there are two factors in play: First, nobody has the right to expose people to any chance of ill effects, negating the argument of reduced risks when compared to cigarettes. Secondly, there are no long-term studies to support the claims of safety in this practice. The ban, therefore, represents public health and respect regarding Human Rights.

Key messages
The conflict between individual freedom and health must prevent, in this situation, the possibility of affecting the health of new generations and nonsmokers. There are no long-term studies proving the safety of electronic cigarettes, therefore the law banning the product is a preventive act in the name of public health.
Effectiveness of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oberndorfer M , Grabovac I , Haider S , Dorner T E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Reports of the effectiveness of e-cigarettes (ECs) for smoking cessation vary across different studies making implementation recommendations hard to attain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of ECs for smoking cessation.

Methods
PubMed, PsycInfo and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing nicotine ECs with non-nicotine ECs or with established smoking cessation interventions (nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and or counselling) published between 01/01/2014 and 01/05/2019. Data from eligible studies were extracted and used for random-effects meta-analyses.

Results
Our literature review yielded 13190 publications with 10 studies being identified as eligible for systematic review, covering 8362 participants, and 8 for meta-analyses (n = 30 - 6006). Using the last follow-up of eligible studies, the proportion of smokers achieving abstinence was 1.67 [95CI:0.99 - 2.81] times higher in nicotine EC users compared to non-nicotine EC users. The proportion of abstinent smokers was 1.69 [95CI:1.25 - 2.27] times higher in EC users compared to participants receiving NRT. EC users showed a 2.70 [95CI:1.15 - 6.30] times higher proportion of abstinent smokers in comparison to participants solely receiving counselling.

Conclusions
Our analysis showed modest effects of nicotine-ECs compared to non-nicotine ECs. When compared to NRT or counselling, results suggest that nicotine EC may be more effective for smoking cessation. As ECs also help maintaining routinized behaviour and social aspects of smoking, we hypothesise that this may explain their advantage as a tool for smoking cessation. However, given the small number of included studies, different populations, heterogeneous designs, and the overall moderate to low quality of evidence, it is not possible to offer clear recommendations. More comparable data is needed to strengthen confidence in the quality of evidence.

Key messages
The number of previous studies assessing the effectiveness of ECs for smoking cessation is limited. Further, comparability of these studies is restricted, weakening the quality of evidence. Although current evidence on the effectiveness of ECs for smoking cessation is inconclusive, our meta-analyses suggest that ECs could be a promising alternative tool in attempts to achieve abstinence.
Meaningful patient and public involvement to advance healthcare equity, quality and accessibility
Authors: Warner G , Lampa E , Tökés A , Osman F , Sarkadi A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
A large part of public health is promoting healthcare equity, quality and accessibility. Patient and public involvement (PPI) is a powerful tool to support this goal. It can lead to a richer understanding of public health research topics, improve data quality and analysis, increase trust in and dissemination of research findings, and ultimately achieve health services that are useful, useable and desirable. However, this all relies on PPI being conducted in a meaningful, respectful and inclusive way. Guidance is available on how to conduct, report and evaluate PPI activities. However, evaluative data are often brief, narrative descriptions, which reflects the lack of robust tools specifically developed to assess PPI. The purpose of this study was to develop and pilot tools to objectively assess PPI in the context of research project meetings.

Methods
PPI and group dynamics literature was used to guide the construction of an observation protocol and questionnaire. The research tools were piloted within a randomised trial of a community intervention for refugee children reporting symptoms of posttraumatic stress.

Results
The Active Involvement of Users in Research Observation Schedule is a semi-structured observation protocol, which consists of 12 observable behaviours relating to the interpersonal relations between researchers and PPI advisors; the nature of advisor contributions; and how the advisors guide research development. Each category consists of positive and negative behaviours. There is an accompanying paper-based assessment form that allows attendees to independently and anonymously grade the meeting on a list of items that correspond to those on the observation pro-forma. Preliminary inter-rater reliability for the observation protocol is good (ICC=0.833; 95% CI: 0.569-0.947).

Conclusions
Although the research tools require further refinement and validation, the methodological approach offers a promising, rigorous way to evaluate PPI.

Key messages
A large part of public health is promoting healthcare equity, quality and accessibility. Patient and public involvement (PPI) is a powerful tool to support this goal. The Active Involvement of Users in Research Observation Schedule and Questionnaire offer a promising, rigorous way to evaluate PPI and promote meaningful involvement to advance public health research.
Sustainable public health partnerships: Results from 41 European, Asian and American regions
Authors: Ese J , Ihlebak C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Public health problems often constitute so called “wicked problems”, and the importance of involving multiple stakeholders in order to address such problems is acknowledged, for instance through the SDG17 guidelines. Partnerships between academia and the public sector have been deemed especially promising. However, sustainable partnerships might be difficult due to divergent understandings and interests. Although there is a substantial research literature on academic-public partnerships in general, partnerships addressing public health specifically are less investigated. The aim of the project was therefore to identify enablers for sustainable public health partnerships between academia and the public sector.

Methods
A mixed methods design was used. A survey regarding partnerships was sent to 41 European, Asian and American regions, with a response rate of 72 %. Based on survey data, an interview guide was developed and four best cases (Canada, Bulgaria, the Netherlands and Norway) were identified. Site visits and group interviews with representatives from stakeholders of the partnerships were conducted. Interview data and answers to open ended questions from questionnaires were analysed.

Results
Three main findings became apparent through the analysis. Important enablers were: 1) person-to-person fit between individuals, 2) national incentive schemes for collaboration, and 3) formal partnership agreements that provided a framework that allowed for manoeuvring. The enablers identified are on a macro, miso and micro level. Furthermore, they can be categorised as political, organisational, and social.

Conclusions
The data support the notion that partnerships are complex social structures that need to be initiated and managed on different levels and with different measures. At the same time, data demonstrate that across different geographical, political, and social contexts the same enablers are reappearing as important for sustaining public health partnerships.

Key messages
Similar enablers for sustaining public health partnerships are found across geographical, political, and social contexts. Important enablers for partnerships are person-to-person fit, national incentive schemes, and formal agreements.
Corporations in global health: an investigation of food industry political activity at the WHO
Authors: Lauber K , Rutter H , McGee D , Gilmore A B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
With over ten million annual deaths now attributable to unhealthy diets, there is an urgent need for action, yet, political progress is too slow. Policy interference by major corporations is well documented in the area of tobacco control. Evidence shows similar behaviours by the food industry at country level, but global-level policymaking remains under-researched. Thus, this study explores how food industry actors seek to influence dietary non-communicable disease (NCD) policy at the World Health Organization (WHO).

Methods
We identified relevant industry documents from the Food Industry Documents Library and academic articles, using these initial findings and an existing model of corporate political activity as the basis for sixteen key informant interviews. Key industry strategies were identified in an iterative process of qualitative thematic coding. Additionally, food industry responses to five WHO consultations on NCD policy and governance (2015-2018) were analysed to explore how evidence was used.

Results
Food industry actors have substantial access to the WHO through formal routes. These interactions largely take place through business associations rather than individual companies, owing at least partly to the agency's own guidelines. Food industry actors can also access global-level policymaking indirectly, for example, by lobbying national political actors to adopt favourable positions in member state-led WHO decision-making, or by co-opting civil society. In consultation responses, the majority of evidence cited by commercial actors was either industry-linked or industry-funded, and less than half was peer-reviewed.

Conclusions
Focusing on the WHO's NCD agenda, we provide new insights into the ways food industry actors seek to influence global public health policy. Although their political behaviour bears similarities with that of the tobacco industry, multinational food companies are, in contrast, widely treated as part of the solution.

Key messages
By mapping how food industry actors seek to shape WHO policy, this research adds to evidence from national contexts and highlights a need for better safeguards across levels of governance. While the tobacco industry is prohibited from engagement with global NCD policy, multinational food corporations enjoy significant access and legitimacy, despite similarities in political behaviour.
The relevance of an experienced computerized procedure regarding asbestos remediation
Authors: Chellini E , Angelini A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Problem
Asbestos removal is very complex and bureaucratically demanding activity according to the Italian asbestos ban law 257/92. Each remediation of Asbestos Containing Materials requires the drafting of a Work Plan containing generic and specific information that entails an administrative commitment and correspondence between companies and Health and Safety Units of the public Regional Health System. Same problems are encountered for the annual report to be sent to the Regional Health System according to the article 9 of the cited law.

Description of the Problem
The Tuscan Health System developed a computerized procedure that allows direct contact between companies and Health and Safety Units, and at the same time a better monitoring of the entire remediation process without producing documentation on paper.

Results
After one year experimentation involving 50 companies, the procedure underwent a regional regulatory provision. From year 2016 the procedure went to operation and companies had to upload all data on the regional web site. To date 590 companies used it registering 113749 Work Plans on remediation works. The procedure allows to compile automatically the annual report summarizing the work done during the previous year: approximately 250 reports arrive per year. The procedure is now slowly spreading over the national territory.

Lessons
Through a computerized procedure, companies and Health and Safety Units are facilitated in carrying out Asbestos Containing Material remediation works in complete safety for workers and environment, as well as savings time and costs. It could be used in other countries considering that the asbestos remediation is widespread throughout Europe and beyond.

Key messages
The computerized procedure guarantees great economic savings for companies and the Health and Safety Units. It allows a control of the remediation process, countering illegal activities on these wastes.