bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Of Infective Endocarditis In Persons Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Shah Meera , Wong Ryan , Ball Laura , Tan Charlie , Shojaei Esfandiar , Koivu Sharon , Silverman Michael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The rising incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been a major concern across North America. Details of injection practices leading to IE are not well characterized.Methods: A case-control study, using one-on-one interviews to understand risk factors and injection practices associated with IE among PWID was conducted. Eligible participants included those who had injected drugs within the last 3 months, were > 18 years old and either never had or were currently admitted for an IE episode. Cases were recruited from the tertiary care centers and controls were recruited from outpatient clinics in patients without IE and addiction clinics in London, Ontario. Results: 33 cases (PWID IE+) and 102 controls (PWID but IE-) were interviewed. Using clean injection equipment from the provincial distribution network was a protective factor against IE (p<0.001). Furthermore, using lighters during the injection process was also protective for IE (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.11–5.63). Female sex (OR 3.63; 95% CI 1.58-8.36) and injection into multiple sites (OR 4.31; 95% CI 1.33-13.93) were associated with IE. Injection into the feet (57.6% cases; 36.6% control; p= 0.034) was also associated with IE. Discussion: Our pilot study highlights the importance of distributing clean injection materials for IE prevention. Injection into multiple areas may indicate a greater difficulty in accessing common and safer injection sites such as the arm, and thus multi-site injections may be a surrogate marker for injection-related venous damage in entrenched drug users. Moreover, the use of lighters may be correlated with the best practice of heating preparations of drugs prior to injection, which is known to reduce bacterial burden. Lastly, gender differences in injection techniques, which may place women at higher risk of IE, requires further study.
Epidemiological, Clinical characteristics and Drug resistance situation of Culture-confirmed Children TBM in Southwest of China: A 6-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Dong-Mei , Li Qing-Feng , Zhu Ma , Wu Gui-Hui , Li Xi , Xu Yuan-Hong , Zhong Jing , Luo Jia , Li Ying-Jie , Ying Bin-Wu , Tao Chuan-Min 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background : Sichuan is a province located in southwestern China, which have a higher incidence of tuberculosis (TB).This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as drug resistance in culture-confirmed children with Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) in Southwest of China.
Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study on children (<14 years old) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture-confirmed TBM between January 2013 and December 2018 at Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu (PHCCC). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug sensitivity testing (DST) was performed using the MicroDST TM method. The age, gender, family history of tuberculosis, status of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, residential areas information, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Client 25.0, and the change in drug resistance rate was examined using the Cruskal-Wallis test.
Results: Among 319 patients clinically diagnosed with TBM, 42 cases were Mycobacterial culture-positive, with a positive rate of 13.2 per 100 patients. Their median age was nine years, and the distribution was equal among female and male patients. Among 42 patients who were enrolled in the study, 1/42 (2.38%) passed away. Children with TBM were concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan, where 34/42 (81.0%) patients with TBM were ethnic minorities, and only 2/42 (4.76%) received BCG vaccination in the past. Chest X-rays changes were observed in all patients. Fever and headache were the most common presenting symptom. Thirty-five (83.3%) patients suffered from neck stiffness, and 30/42 (71.4%) had high CSF pressure. DST results showed that the resistance rate was high; resistance to any anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) was observed in 13 (31.0%) patient isolates, while multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) were found in 2 (4.8%) and 1 (2.4%) patients, respectively.
Conclusions : TBM among children in Southwest China was mainly concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, and neck stiffness and all patients had positive chest X-ray findings. In addition, high rates of drug resistance were found; and more than 95% of patients did not receive BCG vaccination at birth.ΦΦΦ
Oral health status and associated lifestyle behaviors in a sample of Iranian adults: An exploratory household survey
Authors: Jahangiry Leila , Bagheri Raziollah , Darabi Fatemeh , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Sistani Mohammad Mehdi Naghibi , Ponnet Koen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Poor oral hygiene can lead to serious diseases, such as periodontitis, tooth decay, pain and discomfort in teeth or gums, infections, and loss of teeth. In Iran, adults aged 50 y and older are a high-risk group for oral health problems, and this age group will grow in the coming decades. Despite increasing attention on healthy aging, there is relatively less emphasis on oral hygiene and health-related problems. The present study investigated the oral health status of Iranian adults using the oral health self-assessment questionnaire (OHQ) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Methods: A population-based household survey of a sample of adults aged 18–65 y was conducted. In this study, the participants were recruited between May and October 2016 in Tabriz, Iran, and the study population was sampled using a multi-stage cluster sampling design. The WHO’s OHQ for adults was used for measuring oral health status and oral hygiene behavior.
Results: In total, 2,310 respondents completed the survey. The mean age (SD) of the participants was 41.6(23.4) y. Males accounted for 48.8% of the participants. Of the 2,310 respondents,187 (8.1%) individuals were edentulous, 152(20.7%) of whom were aged 51–65 y. Furthermore, 72.3% of those aged 51–65 y were dentate, and 50% of adults aged 51–65 y said they had 20 or more teeth. About one-third of the participants reported that they did not brush their teeth daily (23% of those aged 18–35 y,35.9% of those aged 36–50 y, and 44.6% for those aged 51–65 y). In the sample, 39.4% of individuals aged 18–35 y, 34.1% of individuals aged 36–50 y, and 26.6% of individuals aged 51–65 y had visited a dentist less than 6 month ago. One-third of the participants consumed sweets and sugary drinks daily.
Conclusions: Although the majority of Iranian adults considered their oral health status good, only a small percentage of the sample visited their dentist regularly. Furthermore, visits to the dentist declined in accordance with increasing age, a time when the incidence of oral health problems may increase. Poor oral health may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes, particularly among the aging population.
Searchable Re-encryption Cloud Storage Method Based on Markov Chain
Authors: Hui Wang , Sheng Wang Zhong , Jinguang Li 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cloud storage is an emerging paradigm that offers on-demand, flexible, and elastic computational and storage services for the terminal users. When the large amount of data increases dramatically, the storage efficiency of the system would be decreased seriously. In this paper a new method of SReCSM(Searchable Re-encryption Cloud Storage Method) based on Markov chain is proposed. It predicts periodically by using the steady Markov strategy in stages and easy to select the optimal storage node. The data is scheduled to store in the node with the lowest cost in real time, and the node is selected to implement cloud storage access on mobile terminal. By using searchable re-encryption method, SReCSM has increased the storage requirement flexibility and minimize cost and searching time. And then the reliability model of SReCSM is established. Simulation results show that SReCSM introduced in this paper has the ability to predict accurately when the size of the data is different. Moreover, the influence of storage efficiency is reduced effectively through SReCSM when different size of the data is stored in storage nodes regardless of the storage cost. It is verified that the SReCSM based on Markov chain has higher reliability.
A New Method of Improving the Traditional Traffic Identification and Accuracy
Authors: Zhongsheng Wang , Jiaqiong Gao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As the traffic generated by the increasing number of applications on the Internet is becoming more and more complex, how to improve the quality of service and security of the network is also increasingly important. This paper studies the application of Support Vector Machine (SVM) in traffic identification to classify network traffic. Through data collection and feature generation methods and network traffic feature screening methods, SVM is used as a classifier by using the generalization capability, and the parameters and the kernel functions of SVM are adjusted and selected based on cross comparison ideas and methods. Using the cross-validation method to make the most reasonable statistics for the classification and recognition accuracy of the adjusted support vector machine avoids the situation that the classification accuracy of the support vector machine is unstable or the statistics are inaccurate. Finally, a traffic classification and identification system based on SVM is implemented. The final recognition rate of encrypted traffic is up to 99.31%, which overcomes the disadvantages of traditional traffic identification and achieves a fairly reliable accuracy.
Remote ECG System Data Encryption Scheme
Authors: Xin Liu , Zhiqiang Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The remote ECG communicates over the public Internet, and the public Internet security is not sufficient to ensure the information security of the remote ECG system. User data disclosure poses a security threat to the system. The ECG information security solution proposed in this paper adopts the method of preset multi-key-per-machine at the factory to avoid leakage caused by personnel factors, and uses the hash function to generate a secondary password for communication encryption during network transmission. Experiments show that this program can effectively resist the existing various attack methods and fully protect patient data security.
Research of Oil Pump Control Based On Fuzzy Neural Network PID Algorithm
Authors: Gong Chen , Yang Shengquan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In view of the fact that oil pumps exist in the more complex mountains and plains, external temperature, humidity, crude oil characteristics and other adverse factors make the oil pumps control system appear the problem of drift, Fuzzy neural network PID algorithm is studied and designed to realize controling the oil pump system in this paper, combined with the advantages of conventional PID control, fuzzy control and neural network control, the composition and structure of the oil pump control system are analyzed, the model structure and algorithm implementation of fuzzy neural network PID control algorithm are designed in detail. The simulation results show that the control algorithm has good adaptability and anti-interference ability.
Improvement and Realization of CamShift Algorithm Based MotionImage Tracking
Authors: Yubian Wang , Shebzukhov Yuri 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The detection and tracking technology of moving object image is one of the key technologies of computer vision, and is widely used in many fields such as industry, transportation, and military. The detection and tracing of moving object in the motion scenes based on the UAV platform is a technical difficulty in this field. In practical applications, the characteristics of complicated environment, small target object and moving platform require higher real-time performance and reliability of the algorithm. If it is possible to add some other features of the target to the tracking process, it will be possible to improve the shortcomings of Camshift itself. Based on the Camshift tracking algorithm, this paper integrates SURF feature detection into the algorithm, which greatly improves the tracking accuracy of the target object, and also has better real-time performance which can achieve better tracking performance of the object.
The Shortcomings of Ipv6 and Upgrade of Ipv4
Authors: Wang Tao , Gao Jiaqiong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
IPv6 is to solve the problem of IPv4 address exhaustion, with the development of the Internet of things, big data and cloud storage and other technologies, these technologies are gradually applied in recent years, the continuous development of new technologies application show that the IPv6 address structure design ideas have some fatal defects. This paper proposed a route to upgrade the original IPv4 by studying on the structure of IPv6 “spliced address”, and point out the defects in the design of IPv6 interface ID and the potential problems such as security holes.
Rotation center calibration based on line laser rotating platform
Authors: Lei Doudou , Liu Baolong , Yao Huimin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Line lasers are of great significance in many fields such as industrial inspection, machine vision, cultural relics identification, mechanical design, and medical oral cavity. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the line laser can accurately obtain the three-dimensional information of the surface of the object, and quickly complete the three-dimensional contour reconstruction of the object to be tested. In the online laser rotation scanning, the object rotates around a certain point, which is a rotation center, and the calibration of the rotation center is the main factor that restricts the accuracy of the three-dimensional contour. At present, the calibration of the center of rotation is mainly obtained by the characteristics of a circle (ball, cylinder, cone, etc.). This paper mainly introduces the basic process of rotating scanning, rotating center, and rotating methods as well as their advantages and disadvantages. First, the basic process of rotating scanning is briefly introduced. Secondly, the definition and content of the rotating center are introduced. Then, the calibration methods of three rotating centers (ellipse fitting method, symmetry method, plane fitting method) are introduced. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the three calibration methods and their respective applications are summarized.
A Survey of Calibration Methods for Traditional Cameras Based on Line Structure Light
Authors: Wu Ruixia , Liu Baolong , Yao Huimin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The line structure light three-dimensional reconstruction system is a kind of three-dimensional non-contact measurement system, which has the advantages of high precision, high speed, small damage to objects and strong adaptability. Camera calibration is a major factor that constrains the accuracy of 3D measurement systems. The camera calibration is based on the pinhole imaging model, and through a series of complex calculations, the camera’s internal parameters (focal length, distortion coefficient) and external parameters (rotation matrix and translation vector). The different calibration methods use different calibration targets, which can be divided into 3D calibration targets, 2D calibration targets, and one-dimensional calibration targets according to the characteristics of the calibration targets. This paper mainly discusses: calibration content and significance, calibration methods for different targets and evaluation methods for calibration of different targets. Firstly, the content and significance of calibration are expounded. Then, according to different calibration targets, the calibration algorithm is analyzed. Finally, the calibration algorithm is analyzed and summarized, and the development trends, advantages and disadvantages of different calibration methods are pointed out.
Research on IPv6 Address Space and Super IP Upgrade
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The IPv6 address space design is not a 128-bit address space that people think. Its special address structure leads IPv6 to go through three significantly different transitional versions if it is really implement 128bits address space. The transition between the three versions is the same as going through three different IP protocols from IPv4 to IPv6. It is often unscientific to say that IPv6 can assign an IP address to every grain of sand on the planet. This paper studies the IPv6 address space structure, MAC address and upgrade, and proposes a super IP upgrade method, and strives to achieve Internet address upgrade at the lowest cost to meet the needs of human production and life.
Research on the Technology of Assign IP Address to the Connected Computer Based IPV9
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Lingwen , Yu Zhikai , Li Ming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With the widely application of Internet and the distribution is not reasonable in the beginning, the IPv4 address space is becoming less and less and there are fewer available IP addresses, in order to expand the address space, IPv6 was appeared, but it did not consider the network security in the first designing and have some shortcomings, it has not widely used in the world in its 20 years. LETF proposed some basic dreams of IPv9 in 1994, and looked forward to the idea of network in the 21st century. However, due to the lack of research results of basic theories, technical problems of address exhaustion and layering, and development costs and other factors, it failed publicly. The IPv9 working group was disbanded in 1997. On the basis of previous studies, Chinese scholar and research team proposed a new Internet architecture by using the decimal system (or the whole digital code) to assign IP addresses to the connected computers. This paper will research on the countless address of the new generation Internet - IPV9, and describe the characteristics of the new technology
Application of Wireless Return Topology Planning Based on K-Means
Authors: Yang Weixia , Li He , Chen Yuan , Xu Fei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With the development of communication technology and the general trend of interconnection and intercommunication, people’s demand for high-quality information and communication is increasing day by day. Therefore, the intensive deployment of base stations has become the development trend of the construction of a new generation of communication network. In this paper, in order to solve the urban and rural electric scenarios such as traditional transport unreachable problem, on the basis of the operator site cost at the same time, keep the quality of signal transmission, give full play to the advantages of the traditional planning concept and artificial intelligence algorithm, integrated “pieces”, “step by step optimization”, “local optimal”, “the results of reverse”, such as ideas, set up a wireless back mathematical analysis model of network topology programming problem.
The purpose of this paper is to reduce the cost and reduce the return path loss. Aiming at the lower cost problem, a local optimal model is constructed. First division, through the K - Means algorithm is divided into K, for each region is also based on K - Means algorithm is further split into its n tribal groups, limited each tribal group one and only one host station, recently to tribal group of perimeter centroid position of butterfly stand stand as a host, the rest of the site as a child, according to the type of tribal group of judge whether the number of sub station meet the qualification, if not satisfied, change the K value and the adjustable radius, respectively, until meet the qualification, the best solution is calculated. For the lower return path loss problem, if only the loss problem is considered, the loss result is obtained by changing the distance between the first jump and the second jump based on the model. Through the comparison of the results, the best scheme is obtained when only loss is considered.
Design of a Vibration Detection Terminal
Authors: Chen Guoshao , Xu Fei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
By detecting the vibration of bridge deck, the information of passing vehicles can be obtained indirectly, which is of great significance to grasp the dynamics of the enemy. In this paper, a micro-power wireless vibration detection terminal is designed. In order to reduce the overall power consumption of the terminal, which use two sensors, one is spring switch and another is acceleration sensor. When no vehicle passes by, the terminal is in a dormant state. When a vehicle passes by, the spring switch wakes up the CPU and the acceleration sensor to collect data. ZigBee network is used for data transmission, which has the advantages of low power consumption and ad hoc network. Experiments show that the average power consumption of the terminal is less than 7 mW. If the terminal is powered by 3.6v, 36AH lithium battery, In theory, it can work for at least two years.
Changes in delinquency according to socioeconomic status among Finnish adolescents from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Knaappila Noora , Marttunen Mauri , Fröjd Sari , Lindberg Nina , Kaltiala-Heino Riittakerttu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:Scientific literature suggests that the prevalence of delinquency amongst adolescents has decreased internationally in past decades. However, whether this change is consistent across all socioeconomic groups has not yet been studied.

Objective:The aim of this study was to examine changes in delinquency amongst Finnish adolescents according to socioeconomic status between 2000 and 2015.

Method:A population-based school survey was conducted biennially amongst 14-16-year-old Finns between 2000 and 2015 (n= 761,278). Distributions for delinquency and socioeconomic adversities (low parental education, not living with both parents and parental unemployment in the past year) were calculated using crosstabs. Associations between delinquency, time, and socioeconomic adversities were studied using binomial logistic regression results shown by odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals.

Results:Delinquency was positively associated with all three socioeconomic adversities studied and cumulative socioeconomic adversity. Although the prevalence of delinquency varied only slightly between 2000 and 2015 in the overall population, it increased significantly amongst adolescents with most socioeconomic adversities.

Conclusions:The findings indicate that socioeconomic differences in delinquency have increased amongst Finnish adolescents in past decades. Delinquency prevention and intervention programs should take socioeconomic adversities into account.