bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A detailed lipidomic study of human pathogenic fungi Candida auris
Authors: Shahi Garima , Kumar Mohit , Kumari Sonam , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Gaur Naseem A , Singh Ashutosh , Prasad Rajendra 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The present study is an attempt to determine the lipid composition of Candida auris and to highlight if the changes in lipids can be correlated to high drug resistance encountered in C. auris. For this, the comparative lipidomics landscape between drug-susceptible (CBS10913T) and a resistant hospital isolate (NCCPF_470033) of C. auris was determined by employing high throughput mass spectrometry. All major groups of phosphoglycerides (PGL), sphingolipids, sterols, diacylglycerols (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG), were quantitated along with their molecular lipid species. Our analyses highlighted several key changes where the NCCPF_470033 showed an increase in PGL content, specifically phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine; odd chain containing lipids and accumulation of 16:1-DAG and 16:0-DAG; depletion of 18:1-TAG and 18:0-TAG. The landscape of molecular species displayed a distinct imprint between isolates. For example, the levels of unsaturated PGLs, contributed by both odd and even-chain fatty acyls were higher in resistant NCCPF_470033 isolate, resulting in a higher unsaturation index. Notwithstanding, several commonalities of lipid compositional changes between resistant C. auris and other Candida spp., the study could also identify distinguishable changes in specific lipid species in C. auris. Together, the data highlights the modulation of membrane lipid homeostasis associated with drug-resistant phenotype of C. auris.
Comparative Proteomics of Octocoral and Scleractinian Skeletomes and the Evolution of Coral Calcification
Authors: Conci Nicola , Lehmann Martin , Vargas Sergio , Wörheide Gert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Corals are the ecosystem engineers of coral reefs, one of the most biodiverse marine ecosystems. The ability of corals to form reefs depends on the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) under biological control. However, several mechanisms underlying coral biomineralization remain elusive, for example, whether corals employ different molecular machineries to deposit different CaCO3 polymorphs (i.e., aragonite or calcite). Here, we used tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to compare the proteins occluded in the skeleton of three octocoral and one scleractinian species: Tubipora musica and Sinularia cf. cruciata (calcite sclerites), the blue coral Heliopora coerulea (aragonitic skeleton), and the scleractinian aragonitic Montipora digitata. Reciprocal Blast analysis revealed extremely low overlap between aragonitic and calcitic species, while a core set of proteins is shared between octocorals producing calcite sclerites. However, the carbonic anhydrase CruCA4 is present in the skeletons of both polymorphs. Phylogenetic analysis highlighted several possible instances of protein co-option in octocorals. These include acidic proteins and scleritin, which appear to have been secondarily recruited for calcification and likely derive from proteins playing different functions. Similarities between octocorals and scleractinians included presence of a galaxin-related protein, carbonic anhydrases, and one hephaestin-like protein. Although the first two appear to have been independently recruited, the third appear to share a common origin. This work represents the first attempt to identify and compare proteins associated with coral skeleton polymorph diversity, providing several new research targets and enabling both future functional and evolutionary studies aimed at elucidating the origin and evolution of coral biomineralization.
Opinion Research and the West German Public in the Postwar Decades*
Authors: Perry Joe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the history of opinion research in West Germany in the decades following the Second World War, which witnessed the emergence of a dense network of research institutes, including the Institut für Demoskopie-Allensbach (IfD), Emnid and Infratest. It argues that ‘opinion research’—a term used to encompass political polling as well as market research—helped consolidate an emerging West German consumer society based on liberal, free-market capitalism and offered West Germans new ways of imagining this new national collective. The opinion surveys and the subjectivities they measured were mutually constitutive of this reconfigured ‘public’, as exposure to survey results in countless media reports both reflected and shaped popular understandings of self and society. To make this argument, the article explores the US influence on German opinion research from the 1920s to the 1960s and the ‘modern’ language and techniques of survey research in the FRG. It offers an account of sex research as a case study of the same and concludes with a brief discussion of opinion research and its role in shaping contemporary understandings of the public sphere.
The Mental and Physical Health Profiles of Older Adults Who Endorse Elevated Autistic Traits
Authors: Stewart Gavin R , Corbett Anne , Ballard Clive , Creese Byron , Aarsland Dag , Hampshire Adam , Charlton Rebecca A , Happé Francesca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe mental and physical health profile of autistic people has been studied in adolescence and adulthood, with elevated rates of most conditions being reported. However, this has been little studied taking a dimensional approach to autistic traits and in older age.MethodsA total of 20,220 adults aged 50–81 years from the PROTECT study reported whether they experienced persistent sociocommunicative traits characteristic of autism. Approximately 1%, 276 individuals, were identified as endorsing elevated autistic traits in childhood and currently, henceforth the “Autism Spectrum Trait” (AST) group. An age- and gender-matched comparison group was formed of 10,495 individuals who did not endorse any autistic behavioral traits, henceforth the “Control Older Adults” (COA) group. Differences between AST and COA groups were explored in self-reported psychiatric diagnoses, self-reported symptoms of current depression and anxiety, and self-reported physical health diagnoses. Associations were also examined between autistic traits and health across the whole sample.ResultsThe AST group reported significantly elevated rates of psychiatric diagnoses compared to the COA group. Additionally, the AST group showed significantly higher self-reported symptoms of current depression and anxiety than the COA group. However, few differences were observed in individual physical health conditions, and no differences in total co-occurring physical diagnoses between groups. Similar associations between autistic traits and health were also found taking a dimensional approach across the whole sample.DiscussionThese findings suggest that older adults with elevated autistic traits may be at greater risk of poorer mental, but not physical, health in later life. Future studies should incorporate polygenic scores to elucidate the possible genetic links between the propensity to autism/high autistic traits and to psychiatric conditions, and to explore whether those with elevated autistic traits experience particular barriers to mental health care.
The Color of COVID-19: Structural Racism and the Disproportionate Impact of the Pandemic on Older Black and Latinx Adults
Authors: Garcia Marc A , Homan Patricia A , García Catherine , Brown Tyson H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this evidence-based theoretically informed article was to provide an overview of how and why the COVID-19 outbreak is particularly detrimental for the health of older Black and Latinx adults.

Methods
We draw upon current events, academic literature, and numerous data sources to illustrate how biopsychosocial factors place older adults at higher risk for COVID-19 relative to younger adults, and how structural racism magnifies these risks for black and Latinx adults across the life course.

Results
We identify 3 proximate mechanisms through which structural racism operates as a fundamental cause of racial/ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 burden among older adults: (a) risk of exposure, (b) weathering processes, and (c) health care access and quality.

Discussion
While the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented crisis, the racial/ethnic health inequalities among older adults it has exposed are longstanding and deeply rooted in structural racism within American society. This knowledge presents both challenges and opportunities for researchers and policymakers as they seek to address the needs of older adults. It is imperative that federal, state, and local governments collect and release comprehensive data on the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths by race/ethnicity and age to better gauge the impact of the outbreak across minority communities. We conclude with a discussion of incremental steps to be taken to lessen the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 among older Black and Latinx adults, as well as the need for transformative actions that address structural racism in order to achieve population health equity.
A new acoustic assumption for orthorhombic media
Authors: Abedi Mohammad Mahdi , Stovas Alexey 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
In exploration seismology, the acquisition, processing and inversion of P-wave data is a routine. However, in orthorhombic anisotropic media, the governing equations that describe the P-wave propagation are coupled with two S waves that are considered as redundant noise. The main approach to free the P-wave signal from the S-wave noise is the acoustic assumption on the wave propagation. The conventional acoustic assumption for orthorhombic media zeros out the S-wave velocities along three orthogonal axes, but leaves significant S-wave artefacts in all other directions. The new acoustic assumption that we propose mitigates the S-wave artefacts by zeroing out their velocities along the three orthogonal symmetry planes of orthorhombic media. Similar to the conventional approach, our method reduces the number of required model parameters from nine to six. As numerical experiments on multiple orthorhombic models show, the accuracy of the new acoustic assumption also compares well to the conventional approach. On the other hand, while the conventional acoustic assumption simplifies the governing equations, the new acoustic assumption further complicates them—an issue that emphasizes the necessity of simple approximate equations. Accordingly, we also propose simpler rational approximate phase-velocity and eikonal equations for the new acoustic orthorhombic media. We show a simple ray tracing example and find out that the proposed approximate equations are still highly accurate.
The signal of outermost-core stratification in body-wave and normal-mode data
Authors: van Tent Rûna , Deuss Arwen , Kaneshima Satoshi , Thomas Christine 
Published: August 2020

SummarySeismological models of the outer core’s radial velocity structure show that the outermost core is slower than PREM. For models derived from body-wave data these low velocities are confined to the top of the outer core, while normal-mode data prefer a velocity gradient that deviates from PREM throughout the entire outer core. These different models have led to conflicting interpretations regarding the presence of stratification at the top of the outer core. While body-wave based models have been shown to require a compositionally stratified outermost core, the velocity and density profiles obtained from normal-mode data correspond to a homogeneous outer core. In addition, the observed low velocities in the outermost core are difficult to reconcile with compositional models of stratification, as the required enrichment in light elements would generally increase seismic velocities. Here, we investigate how well-suited both seismic body-wave and normal-mode data are to constrain the velocity and density structure of the outer core. To this end, we model and compare the effects of outer-core structure and D″ structure on the differential traveltimes of body-wave phases SmKS and on the centre frequencies of normal modes. We find that a trade-off between outer-core structure and D″ structure exists for both data types, but neither data can be readily explained by reasonable D″ velocities and densities. Low outermost-core velocities are therefore still required by seismological data. Using additional information from the centre frequencies of Stoneley modes—normal modes that are particularly sensitive to variations in velocity and density at the top of the outer core—we confirm that normal-mode data indeed require low velocities with respect to PREM in the outermost core, similar to a recent normal-mode model, and an overall higher outer-core density. The presence of buoyant stratification in the outermost core is therefore not immediately supported by the centre frequencies of Stoneley modes. Stratification with high seismic velocity, as one would expect from most straightforward stratification-forming processes, is directly contradicted by our results.
Bypassing high-quality maternity facilities: evidence from pregnant women in peri-urban Nairobi
Authors: Stein Dorit T , Golub Ginger , Rothschild Claire W , Nyakora George , Cohen Jessica , McConnell Margaret 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Utilization of high-quality maternal care is an important link along the pathway from increased facility-based delivery to improved maternal health outcomes, however women in Nairobi do not all deliver in the highest quality facilities available to them. We explored whether women living in peri-urban Nairobi who live nearby to high-quality facilities bypassed, or travelled farther than, their nearest high technical quality facility using survey data collected before and after delivery from women (n = 358) and from facility assessments (n = 59). We defined the nearest high technical quality facility as the nearest Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (CEmONC) capable facility to each woman’s neighbourhood. We compared women who delivered in their nearest CEmONC (n = 44) to women who bypassed their nearest CEmONC to deliver in a facility that was farther away (n = 200). Among bypassers, 131 (65.5%) women delivered in farther non-CEmONC facilities with lower technical quality and 69 (34.5%) delivered in farther CEmONCs with higher technical quality capacity compared to their nearby CEmONCs. Bypassers rated their delivery experience higher than non-bypassers. Women who bypassed to deliver in non-CEmONCs were less likely to have completed four antenatal care visits and to consider delivering in any CEmONC prior to delivery while women who bypassed to deliver in farther CEmONCs paid more for delivery and were more likely to report being able to access emergency funds compared to non-bypassers. Our findings suggest that women in peri-urban Nairobi bypassed their nearest CEmONC facilities in favour of delivering in facilities that provided better non-technical quality care. Bypassers with access to financial resources were also able to deliver in facilities with higher technical quality care. Policies that improve women’s delivery experience and ensure that information about facility technical quality is widely distributed may be critical to increase the utilization of high-quality maternity facilities.
Power, control, communities and health inequalities III: participatory spaces—an English case
Authors: Powell Katie , Barnes Amy , Anderson de Cuevas Rachel , Bambra Clare , Halliday Emma , Lewis Sue , McGill Rory , Orton Lois , Ponsford Ruth , Salway Sarah , Townsend Anne , Whitehead Margaret , Popay Jennie 
Published: August 2020

Summary
This article—third in a series of three—uses theoretical frameworks described in Part 1, and empirical markers reported in Part 2, to present evidence on how power dynamics shifted during the early years of a major English community empowerment initiative. We demonstrate how the capabilities disadvantaged communities require to exercise collective control over decisions/actions impacting on their lives and health (conceptualized as emancipatory power) and the exercise of power over these communities (conceptualized as limiting power) were shaped by the characteristics of participatory spaces created by and/or associated with this initiative. Two main types of participatory spaces were identified: governance and sense-making. Though all forms of emancipatory power emerged in all spaces, some were more evident in particular spaces. In governance spaces, the development and enactment of ‘power to’ emerged as residents made formal decisions on action, allocated resources and managed accountability. Capabilities for alliance building—power with—were more likely to emerge in these spaces, as was residents’ resistance to the exercise of institutional power over them. In contrast, in sense-making spaces residents met informally and ‘made sense’ of local issues and their ability to influence these. These processes led to the development of power within capabilities and power to resist stigmatizing forms of productive power. The findings highlight the importance of designing community initiatives that: nurture diverse participatory spaces; attend to connectivity between spaces; and identify and act on existing power dynamics undermining capabilities for collective control in disadvantaged communities.
Exploring health literacy and its associated factors among Palestinian university students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sarhan Mohammed B A , Fujii Yu , Kiriya Junko , Fujiya Rika , Giacaman Rita , Kitamura Akiko , Jimba Masamine 
Published: August 2020

Summary
Health literacy plays an important role in personal and community health. Since university is a turning point when young adults begin to take responsibility for their own health, understanding university students’ health literacy levels is crucial. To this end, we aimed to explore health literacy and its associated factors among Palestinian university students. We conducted a cross-sectional study at Birzeit University in the Ramallah district. We recruited 472 students using convenience sampling at six on-campus cafeterias. The 44-item Arabic version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire was used to measure students’ health literacy levels, while a locally developed distress scale was used to measure students’ distress levels. We stratified the multiple regression model for the health literacy score by gender. Students’ average total health literacy score was 135.3 (SD 20.9), with male students scoring significantly higher than female students. A higher health literacy score was significantly associated with having a father with a higher level of education, a higher frequency of medical checkups, higher self-reported health status, and consulting a higher number of sources for health-related information. High distress levels were associated with lower levels of health literacy, especially among female students. This study provides the first evidence on Palestinian university students’ health literacy levels. Tailored health education and promotion are required for students with low parental education and moderate to high distress. Future research is required to explain the gender differences in health literacy and distress among university students.
Lived experiences of women suffering from breast cancer in Kashmir: a phenomenological study
Authors: Hamid Wasia , Jahangir Mohmad Saleem , Khan Tanveer Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Using a phenomenological approach, this study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of Kashmiri women suffering from breast cancer within the context of their day-to-day lives. Snowball sampling and theoretical sampling techniques were employed for recruiting participants. Data collection was primarily based on the principles of data saturation. Data saturation occurred after 12 women with breast cancer were interviewed. Data was collected using face-to-face in-depth individual interviews. The interview guide consisted of open-ended questions. To attain the utmost variation, sumptuousness and profundity of responses, interviewer asked probing, specific, and interpreting questions during interviews. Data analysis of the transcripts was based on Graneheim and Lundman’s (Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today 2004;24:105–12) procedures for taking out themes in qualitative data. Two main themes emerged that explained the lived experiences of women with breast cancer: (i) challenges encountered (altered body image, embarrassment, perceived worries, financial constraints, dealing with negative attitudes and stigma) and (ii) coping strategies (reliance on religion and spirituality, social support, living as usual, optimistic attitude and will to recover, and venting out). The findings revealed that breast cancer diagnosis influences women significantly as they acknowledged that it wasthe most traumatic experience of their life; however, with time, they started to accept the reality and made use of various methods to cope with their illness.