bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide mapping of resistance to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in hexaploid winter wheat
Authors: Muleta Kebede T. , Chen Xianming , Pumphrey Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStripe rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a widespread disease and major limit to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. The USDA‐ARS National Small Grains Germplasm Collection has proven to be a rich source of genetic diversity to improve stripe rust resistance in wheat breeding programs. The objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity and sources of resistance to stripe rust in 441 accessions from the collection representing globally sourced winter wheat germplasm, as a complement to a previous study. A genome‐wide association study was conducted to identify loci conferring resistance to Pst based on phenotypic data from four field experiments and greenhouse seedling resistance screening against three races of the pathogen. A total of 5831 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used to investigate population structure, linkage disequilibrium, and marker–trait associations. Our results showed 12 and 7 genomic regions significantly associated with Pst resistance based on field adult‐plant and greenhouse seedling responses, respectively, at a false discovery rate adjusted P value of <0.1. Four of the significantly associated genomic regions were mapped far from previously identified Pst resistance genes and quantitative trait loci, indicating that they represent potentially new Pst resistance loci. The present study provides additional insight into the usefulness of wheat germplasm collections as an important resistance source that can be used to incorporate diverse resistance genes into adapted wheat cultivars. Further work should aim to validate the identified genomic regions and the associated molecular markers to enhance their utility in marker‐assisted breeding.
Complementarity‐based selection strategy for genomic selection
Authors: Moeinizade Saba , Wellner Megan , Hu Guiping , Wang Lizhi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGenomic selection is a technique that breeders use to select plant or animal individuals to mate and produce new generations of species. The conventional selection method is to select individuals that are either observed or predicted to be the best based on the assumption that parents with better phenotypes will produce better offspring. A major limitation of this method is its focus on the short‐term genetic gains at the cost of genetic diversity and long‐term growth potential. Recently, several new genomic selection methods were proposed to maximize the long‐term potential. Along this research direction, we propose a new method, the complementarity‐based selection strategy (CBS), to improve the tradeoff between short‐term genetic gain and long‐term potential. This approach is inspired by the genetic compatibility mate‐choice mechanism in animals. Our selection method selects the individual with the highest genomic estimated breeding value to emphasize short‐term achievement and then pairs it with the individual that is the most complementary to the one with highest genomic estimated breeding value to emphasize the long‐term growth potential. The CBS method allows favorable alleles to be accounted for within the selection and more of them to be included. We present simulation results that compare the performance of the new method against the state‐of‐the‐art methods in the literature and show that the CBS approach has a great potential to further improve long‐term response in genomic selection.
Field evaluation of cacao progenies derived from Guiana clones for yield and black pod disease resistance
Authors: Ofori Atta , Padi Francis K. , Amoako‐Attah Ishmael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhytophthora spp. is a major disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), and there is a need to develop cultivars that are resistant to this disease. Among the various genetic groups of cacao, the Guiana (GU) has received little attention in developing varieties even though they are known to be tolerant to black pod disease. The objective of this study was to estimate combining abilities and heritability of selected GU clones for bean yield and black pod resistance. Twenty‐four F1 progenies were derived by crossing three seed garden parental clones with eight GU clones as males in a three‐by‐eight North Carolina II (NC II) complete factorial mating design. These were evaluated together with four standard varieties over a 4‐yr period in a randomized complete block design with four replications at two contrasting locations in Ghana. Progeny, year, and location effects were significant (p < .01) for all traits, whereas progeny × location was significant for only number of beans per pod. The general combining ability (GCA) effects of females and males and specific combining ability (SCA) of female × male were significant (p < .01) for all traits, indicating that both additive and dominant effects are important in the inheritance of the traits. Heritability ranged from 0.14–0.51 for broad sense and 0.10−0.37 for narrow sense. The best general combiners identified—GU 125/C, GU 144/C, and GU 290/H—were involved in crosses that combines high bean yield with high black pod resistance. They could be added to parental clones currently used in producing cacao varieties in areas with high black pod incidence.
An efficient circuit for error reduction in logarithmic multiplication for filtering applications
Authors: Joginipelly Arjun Kumar , Charalampidis Dimitrios 
Published: March 2020

SummaryReal‐time digital signal and image processing applications, such as filtering, demand high performance. Often, multiplication is one of the most time‐consuming steps of the filtering operation. Log‐based multipliers have been used for improving multiplication efficiency at the expense of accuracy. The objective of the proposed work is to improve the accuracy of log‐based hardware multipliers by appropriately altering the filter weights and without increasing the required resources.
Efficacy of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in univentricular congenital heart disease: the SV‐INHIBITION study design
Authors: Amedro Pascal , Gavotto Arthur , Abassi Hamouda , Picot Marie‐Christine , Matecki Stefan , Malekzadeh‐Milani Sophie , Levy Marilyne , Ladouceur Magalie , Ovaert Caroline , Aldebert Philippe , Thambo Jean‐Benoit , Fraisse Alain , Humbert Marc , Cohen Sarah , Baruteau Alban‐Elouen , Karsenty Clement , Bonnet Damien , Hascoet Sebastien ,   SV‐INHIBITION study investigators
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsIn univentricular hearts, selective lung vasodilators such as phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors would decrease pulmonary resistance and improve exercise tolerance. However, the level of evidence for the use of PDE5 inhibitors in patients with a single ventricle (SV) remains limited. We present the SV‐INHIBITION study rationale, design, and methods.Methods and resultsThe SV‐INHIBITION trial is a nationwide multicentre, randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled, Phase III study, aiming to evaluate the efficacy of sildenafil on the ventilatory efficiency during exercise, in teenagers and adult patients (>15 years old) with an SV. Patients with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure >15 mmHg and a trans‐pulmonary gradient >5 mmHg, measured by cardiac catheterization, will be eligible. The primary outcome is the variation of the VE/VCO2 slope, measured by a cardiopulmonary exercise test, between baseline and 6 months of treatment. A total of 50 patients are required to observe a decrease of 5 ± 5 points in the VE/VCO2 slope, with a power of 90% and an alpha risk of 5%. The secondary outcomes are clinical outcomes, oxygen saturation, 6 min walk test, SV function, NT‐proBNP, peak VO2, stroke volume, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, trans‐pulmonary gradient, SF36 quality of life score, safety, and acceptability.ConclusionsThe SV‐INHIBITION study aims to answer the question whether PDE5 inhibitors should be prescribed in patients with an SV. This trial has been built focusing on the three levels of research defined by the World Health Organization: disability (exercise tolerance), deficit (SV function), and handicap (quality of life).
Catalytic Detection of Iodide at Cationic Kaolinite Modified Gold Electrode in Presence of Thiosulfate
Authors: Nguelo Bruno Boniface , Fomat Mérimée Fotio , Dedzo Gustave Kenne , Ngameni Emmanuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA gold electrode modified by a thin film of cationic kaolinite was used for the electrochemical detection of iodide in aqueous solution in the presence of thiosulfate. At gold electrode, iodide showed two electrochemical systems in the potential range explored (0.10 V to 0.85 V). The pH‐independent system was assigned to the redox couple I2/I− and the pH‐dependent one assigned to the redox couple HIO/
. For increased amount of thiosulfate the oxidation peak intensity of the first system increases sharply followed by the gradual decrease of the reduction peak, due to the chemical reaction between thiosulfate and oxidized iodide. The calibration curve in the presence of excess thiosulfate resulted in an increase of the sensitivity by a factor of 7. To improve this sensitivity, the bare gold electrode was coated by a thin film of an anionic exchanger kaolinite, obtained by grafting the ionic liquid (1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐4‐(tert‐butyl) pyridinium chloride). Accumulation‐detection method yielded a spectacular increase of the oxidation peak current of iodide in the presence of thiosulfate ions. At optimized experimental conditions, a sensitivity of 2.45 μA.μM−1 and a detection limit of 65 nM were obtained. The method was successfully applied for total iodine determination in povidone−iodine formulation.
Vortex generation in a finitely extensible nonlinear elastic Peterlin fluid initially at rest
Authors: Handler Robert A. , Blaisten‐Barojas Estela , Ligrani Phillip M. , Dong Pei , Paige Mikell 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt is well known that the mixing of two or more species in flows at low Reynolds numbers cannot be easily achieved since inertial effects are essentially absent and molecular diffusion is slow. To achieve mixing in Newtonian fluids under these circumstances requires innovative new ideas such as the use of external body forces (eg, electromagnetic mixers) or the stretching and folding of fluid elements (eg, chaotic advection). For non‐Newtonian fluids with elasticity, mixing can be achieved by enabling the emergence of elastic instabilities that results in chaotic flows in which mixing is significantly enhanced. In this work, our goal is to demonstrate that clearly identifiable vortical structures (eg, vortex rings) can be generated in a viscoelastic fluid initially at rest by the release of elastic stresses. In turn, these vortex motions promote bulk mixing by transporting fluid elements from one location to another more efficiently than diffusion alone. We demonstrate this first theoretically by using the finitely extensible nonlinear elastic Peterlin (FENE‐P) model to show that elastic forces can generate torque. Using this model, we derive an expression for the time rate of change of vorticity in an elastic fluid initially at rest caused by a sudden release of stored elastic stress. This process can be thought of as the release of elastic energy from a stretched rubber band that is suddenly cut at its center. We confirm this ansatz by performing a series of direct numerical simulations based on an in‐house pseudo‐spectral code that couples the FENE‐P model to the equations of motion for an incompressible fluid. The simulations reveal that a pair of vortex rings traveling in opposite directions, with Reynolds numbers on the order of one, is generated from the sudden release of elastic stresses. Secondary vortical structures are also generated. In the concluding section of this work, we address the potential for vortex motions generated by elastic stresses to promote mixing in microflows, and we describe a possible experiment that may demonstrate this effect.
A comparative node evaluation model for highly heterogeneous massive‐scale Internet of Things‐Mist networks
Authors: Shahraki Amin , Geitle Marius , Haugen Øystein 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) is a new technology that is driving the connection of billions of devices around the world. Because these devices are often resource‐constrained and very heterogeneous, this presents unique challenges. To address some of these challenges, new paradigms of Edge and Fog are emerging to bring computational resources of the IoT networks from remote devices like cloud closer to the end‐devices. Mist computing is a new paradigm that attempts to make use of the more resource‐rich nodes that are closer than Edge nodes to end‐users. Since these nodes might have enough resources to host services, execute tasks or even run containers, the utilization of network resources might be improved, and delay reduced by utilizing these nodes. The nodes must, therefore, be assessed to determine which nodes should offer resources to other nodes based on their situation. In this article, a new comparative assessment model for ranking Mist nodes in highly heterogeneous massive‐scale IoT networks in order to discover nodes that can offer their resources is proposed. The Mist nodes are evaluated based on parameters like resources, connections, applications, and environmental parameters to heuristically compare the neighbors with a novel learning‐to‐rank method to predict a suitability score for each node. The most suitable neighbor is then selected based on the score, with load balancing accomplished by a second chance method. When evaluating the performance, the results show that the proposed method succeeds in identifying resource‐rich nodes, while considering the selection of other nodes.
P16 and human papillomavirus in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cohen Erin , Coviello Caitlin , Menaker Simon , Martinez‐Duarte Ernesto , Gomez Carmen , Lo Kaming , Kerr Darcy , Franzmann Elizabeth , Leibowitz Jason , Sargi Zoukaa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a well‐known cause and prognostic indicator, and the utility of p16 as a surrogate marker for HPV status has been established. P16 and its relationship with HPV have not been defined in sinonasal malignancy nor has a link with outcomes been established. Patients with sinonasal SCC from 2011 to 2017 were identified from our pathology database. P16 immunohistochemistry and HPV RNA in situ hybridization were performed on tissue specimens. Forty‐seven patients were included. Disease‐free survival for p16+ patients was significantly higher than p16− patients (P = .043). Fewer HPV+ patients died (P = .052) or experienced recurrence (P = .0437). Odds ratio between p16 and HPV status was 14.19 (95% CI: 1.72, 442.03). Our findings demonstrate improved survival in both the p16+ and HPV+ groups and a positive association between p16 and HPV. There may be similar potential for modifying classification for HPV+ sinonasal SCC.
Cetirizine Reduces Gabapentin Plasma Concentrations and Effect: Role of Renal Drug Transporters for Organic Cations
Authors: Costa Ana Carolina Conchon , Yamamoto Priscila Akemi , Lauretti Gabriela Rocha , de Lima Benzi Jhohann Richard , Zanelli Cleslei Fernando , Barz Vivien , Ciarimboli Giuliano , de Moraes Natália Valadares 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGabapentin (GBP) is an organic cation mainly eliminated unchanged in urine, and active drug secretion has been suggested to contribute to its renal excretion. Our objective was to evaluate the potential drug‐drug interaction between GBP and cetirizine (CTZ), an inhibitor of transporters for organic cations. An open‐label, 2‐period, crossover, nonrandomized clinical trial was conducted in patients with neuropathic pain to evaluate the effect of CTZ on GBP pharmacokinetics. Twelve participants were treated with a single dose of 300 mg GBP (treatment A) or with 20 mg/d of CTZ for 5 days and 300 mg GBP on the last day of CTZ treatment (treatment B). Blood sampling and pain intensity evaluation were performed up to 36 hours after GBP administration. The interaction of GBP and CTZ with transporters for organic cations was studied in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells expressing the organic cation transporters (OCTs), multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), and OCTN1. CTZ treatment resulted in reduced area under the concentration‐time curve and peak concentration compared with treatment A. In treatment B, the lower plasma concentrations of GBP resulted in reduced pain attenuation. GBP renal clearance was similar between treatments. GBP has low apparent affinity for OCT2 (concentration of an inhibitor where the response [or binding] is reduced by half [IC50] 237 µmol/L) and a high apparent affinity for hMATE1 (IC50 1.1 nmol/L), hMATE2‐K (IC50 39 nmol/L), and hOCTN1 (IC50 2.1 nmol/L) in HEK cells. At therapeutic concentrations, CTZ interacts with hMATE1 and OCTN1. In summary, CTZ reduced the systemic exposure to GBP and its effect on neuropathic pain attenuation. However, CTZ × GBP interaction is not mediated by the renal transporters.
Evaluating the principles of radiation protection in diagnostic radiologic examinations: collimation, exposure factors and use of protective equipment for the patients and their companions
Authors: Farzanegan Zahra , Tahmasbi Marziyeh , Cheki Mohsen , Yousefvand Fatameh , Rajabi Mohammad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionProducing appropriate diagnostic images along with patient radiation protection is the goal of radiography. Due to the advancements of radiography, concerns about observing the principles of radiation protection exist. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the observance of the principles of radiation protection in radiographic examinations with emphasis on field size collimation, suitability of exposure factors and the use of protective equipment for the patients and their companions.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional study design, two radiography students on their final year of study observed 100 radiographic examinations from the imaging departments of five educational hospitals. The SPSS version 24 software was used to analyse the results.ResultsThe radiation field collimation was obtained in 46% of the studied radiographs. Patients had companions present during the examination in 26% of the studies; however, protective equipment was only used for 4% of the patients’ companions, and no protective equipment was applied for patients. The observance rate of the various principles of radiation protection including field size restriction, the use of protective equipment for the patients and their companions, and suitability of the selected exposure factors was on average 44.6%.ConclusionThe observance rate of the principles of radiation protection was insufficient in the studied educational hospitals, specifically in field size collimation and the use of protective equipment for the patients and their companions. Therefore, emphasis on the strict implementation of the radiation protection guidelines and continuous training of radiographers are required.
A novel artificial neural network‐based nonlinear output current model for GaAs pHEMT with accurate high‐order derivatives
Authors: Li Meng‐Jie , Li Zhao , Wang Lu‐Lu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel artificial neural network (ANN)‐based nonlinear output current model with accurate high‐order derivatives is presented. The proposed model can guarantee high precision of the drain current and its high‐order derivatives simultaneously. The existing traditional equation‐based models are analyzed to demonstrate their limits and inaccurate modeling performance of high‐order derivatives. Aiming at maintaining high accuracy of the drain current and its derivatives at the same time, the ANN has been used iteratively. This method, which inherits the advantage of ANN model, obtains higher accuracy than existing ANN model as well as traditional equation‐based models. The effectiveness of the model has been verified by comparing the modeled and measured results for a GaAs pHEMT.
Beach ridges of Dali Lake in Inner Mongolia reveal precipitation variation during the Holocene
Authors: Jiang Mengyao , Han Zhiyong , Li Xusheng , Wang Yong , Stevens Thomas , Cheng Jun , Lv Cunjuan , Zhou Yuwen , Yang Qianqian , Xu Zhiwei , Yi Shuangwen , Lu Huayu 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTVariability in East Asian summer monsoon precipitation during the Holocene remains of debate. In this study, we use a closed lake with well‐dated lake beach ridges located on the margin of the East Asian summer monsoon, a region highly sensitive to monsoon precipitation changes, to obtain a temporal sequence of water volume in North China. The elevation of each beach ridge calibrated to the modern lake level was surveyed. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of undisturbed sediments of beach ridges was performed. The lake area and water volume corresponding to each beach ridge were calculated using a digital elevation model. This study reveals relatively reduced monsoon precipitation from ~12 to 7 ka interrupted by strengthening of the monsoon circulation to a maximum from ~7 to ~5 ka and followed by greatly reduced monsoon intensity until the present day. These results demonstrate that changes in the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation may not be directly driven by global temperature or atmospheric CO2content. Rather, we suggest that variation in the the monsoon margin precipitation is probably mainly driven by ice volume and subordinately by the summer solar insolation difference between mid‐latitude land and low‐latitude ocean.
Reduction in Healthcare Utilization With Transition to Peptide‐Based Diets in Intolerant Home Enteral Nutrition Patients
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Velapati Saketh , Kuchkuntla Aravind R. , Hurt Ryan T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince the introduction of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the 1980s, the prevalence of home enteral nutrition (HEN) support has increased significantly. Despite these increases, many patients are unable to tolerate standard polymeric formulas (SPFs), resulting in significant healthcare resource utilization. Peptide‐based diets (PBDs) have emerged as a viable option in SPF‐intolerant patients; however, data in the HEN population are lacking.MethodsRetrospective review of our prospectively maintained HEN database was conducted to assess tolerance, efficacy, and impact on healthcare utilization in patients on PBDs.ResultsFrom January 1, 2016, to May 1, 2018, 95 patients were placed on PBDs, with 53 patients being started directly and 42 patients being transitioned from SPFs. In patients transitioned to PBDs, symptoms of nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and distention improved significantly. Healthcare utilization also declined significantly, including mean number of phone calls (1.8 ± 1.6 to 1.1 ± 0.9, P = 0.006), mean number of emergency room visits (0.3 ± 0.6 to 0.09 ± 0.3, P = 0.015), and mean number of provider visits (1.3 ± 1.3 to 0.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsOverall, PBDs were well tolerated and resulted in significant improvements in symptoms of gastrointestinal distress and healthcare utilization in patients intolerant to SPFs.