bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing violent discipline by teachers using Interaction Competencies with Children for Teachers (ICC-T): study protocol for a matched cluster randomized controlled trial in Tanzanian public primary schools
Authors: Masath Faustine Bwire , Hermenau Katharin , Nkuba Mabula , Hecker Tobias 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the existing national and international plans of action to end violent discipline strategies used by teachers in schools, they still prevail in Tanzanian schools. This underlines the need to implement school-based interventions that aim at reducing violent discipline by teachers. In this study, we will evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the preventative intervention Interaction Competencies with Children – for Teachers (ICC-T) in Tanzanian primary schools. Following its success in secondary schools, we hypothesize that the intervention will reduce teachers’ positive attitudes towards and their use of violent discipline at school.

Methods/design
The study will be conducted in six randomly selected regions in Tanzania. We have already randomly selected two schools in each region (12 in total) that fulfill our inclusion criteria. From each region, one school will be randomly assigned to the intervention and the other to the monitoring group (no intervention). Eighty students between the ages of 9 to 12 years (N = 960) and 20 teachers from each school (N = 240) will be included in the trial. We will collect data directly before the intervention (t1) and 6 months after the intervention (t2) both at intervention and monitoring schools. Using guided questionnaire assessments, we will measure violence by teachers using students’ reports on their exposure to and teachers’ reports on their use of violence using the Conflict Tactics Scale. Furthermore, we will assess teachers’ positive attitudes towards violent discipline using a modified version of the Conflict Tactic Scale. The feasibility of the intervention will be evaluated using purpose-built measures assessing the demand, applicability, acceptability, and integration of core elements into daily work in the participating schools.

Discussion
The proposed study will allow us to test the feasibility and effectiveness of an intervention aiming to reduce positive attitudes towards and the use of violent discipline by teachers in school settings. With the reduction of violent discipline by teachers, this study contributes to national and international efforts towards ending violence against children as well as the attainment of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals that also aim to prevent all types of maltreatment of children.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03893851. Registered on 28 March 2019.
A trial protocol for the effectiveness of digital interventions for preventing depression in adolescents: The Future Proofing Study
Authors: Werner-Seidler Aliza , Huckvale Kit , Larsen Mark E. , Calear Alison L. , Maston Kate , Johnston Lara , Torok Michelle , O’Dea Bridianne , Batterham Philip J. , Schweizer Susanne , Skinner S. Rachel , Steinbeck Katharine , Ratcliffe Julie , Oei Ju-Lee , Patton George , Wong Iana , Beames Joanne , Wong Quincy J. J. , Lingam Raghu , Boydell Katherine , Salmon Allison M. , Cockayne Nicole , Mackinnon Andrew , Christensen Helen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Depression frequently first emerges during adolescence, and one in five young people will experience an episode of depression by the age of 18 years. Despite advances in treatment, there has been limited progress in addressing the burden at a population level. Accordingly, there has been growing interest in prevention approaches as an additional pathway to address depression. Depression can be prevented using evidence-based psychological programmes. However, barriers to implementing and accessing these programmes remain, typically reflecting a requirement for delivery by clinical experts and high associated delivery costs. Digital technologies, specifically smartphones, are now considered a key strategy to overcome the barriers inhibiting access to mental health programmes. The Future Proofing Study is a large-scale school-based trial investigating whether cognitive behaviour therapies (CBT) delivered by smartphone application can prevent depression.

Methods
A randomised controlled trial targeting up to 10,000 Year 8 Australian secondary school students will be conducted. In Stage I, schools will be randomised at the cluster level either to receive the CBT intervention app (SPARX) or to a non-active control group comparator. The primary outcome will be symptoms of depression, and secondary outcomes include psychological distress, anxiety and insomnia. At the 12-month follow-up, participants in the intervention arm with elevated depressive symptoms will participate in an individual-level randomised controlled trial (Stage II) and be randomised to receive a second CBT app which targets sleep difficulties (Sleep Ninja) or a control condition. Assessments will occur post intervention (both trial stages) and at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months post baseline. Primary analyses will use an intention-to-treat approach and compare changes in symptoms from baseline to follow-up relative to the control group using mixed-effect models.

Discussion
This is the first trial testing the effectiveness of smartphone apps delivered to school students to prevent depression at scale. Results from this trial will provide much-needed insight into the feasibility of this approach. They stand to inform policy and commission decisions concerning if and how such programmes should be deployed in school-based settings in Australia and beyond.

Trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12619000855123. Registered on 31 May 2019.
Clinical Trial Notification Scheme (CTN), CT-2019-CTN-02110-1-v1. Registered on 30 June 2019.
Pre-operative anxiolysis in children through a combined pharmacological therapy with hydroxyzine and a non-pharmacological distraction technique with a clown (SONRISA): study protocol for randomised double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Aleo Luján Esther , Lopez-Picado Amanda , Rivas Ana , Joyanes Abancens Belén , Rodríguez Rojo Marina Laura , Fernández García Patricia , Soto Beauregard Carmen , Rodríguez Alarcón Jaime , González Perrino Carlos , San Pedro de Urquiza Borja , Arias Eva , Rodriguez Diamelis , Esteban Polonio Carmen , Torrejón Maria José 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgery can generate significant stress and anxiety in up to 70% of the paediatric population. There are several pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to reduce pre-operative anxiety in children, however, they have several side effects and the available information about them is contradictory. The role of clowns and hydroxyzine in the management of anxiety is controversial, with some studies supporting and others contraindicating both strategies.MethodsWe propose a randomised double-blind, controlled clinical trial that will evaluate the effectiveness of both interventions (hydroxyzine and clowns), alone or in combination, to reduce pre-operative anxiety (using the modified Yale scale of preoperative anxiety) in children aged 2–16 years undergoing outpatient surgery (n = 188).Subjects will be randomised into two groups – (1) standard procedure (parental accompaniment) combined with placebo or (2) standard procedure combined with preoperative hydroxyzine. After randomisation, they will be divided by chance into two further groups, depending on the presence of clowns on the patient’s surgery day. Control of pre-operative anxiety will be determined in the four groups by a modified Yale scale of preoperative anxiety and cortisol levels. Compliance of children during induction of anaesthesia, time until anaesthesia recovery, presence of postoperative delirium and use of analgesia until discharge will be also assessed. For additional information, the children, parents and healthcare professionals involved in the study will complete a satisfaction survey.ConclusionsThis study aims to gather evidence on which of these four therapeutic options achieves the highest reduction of pre-operative anxiety with the best safety profile to allow paediatricians and anaesthesiologists to use the most effective and safe option for their patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT03324828. Registered 21 September 2017.
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity among TB/HIV co-infected patients in a referral hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Zeleke Abebe , Misiker Bethelihem , Yesuf Teshager Aklilu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a common serious adverse drug reaction. This study intended to determine the prevalence and associated factors of drug-induced hepatotoxicity among tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients in Dessie referral hospital northeast Ethiopia.

Results
In this cross-sectional study 84 patients were enrolled retrospectively. Data from September 1/2015 to August 30/2018 were extracted from March 1/2019 to April 1/2019. Association between dependent and independent variables was determined using the odds ratio and a P value of < 0.05 was considered as statistical significance. Out of 84 patients, 17 patients developed drug-induced hepatotoxicity which makes the prevalence of drug-induced hepatotoxicity 20.2%. The result revealed that the presence of disseminated or extrapulmonary tuberculosis [(AOR: 7.728, 95% CI (1.516–39.404)] and/or body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2 [(AOR = 5.593, 95% CI (1.180–26.519)] were a risk factor for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients with extra- pulmonary tuberculosis and/or body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2 should be closely followed and supervised for the development of hepatotoxicity.
Exploring the decoy effect to guide tobacco treatment choice: a randomized experiment
Authors: Rogers Erin S. , Vargas Elizabeth A. , Voigt Elizabeth 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Guidelines recommend that smokers participate in four or more counseling sessions when trying to quit, but smokers rarely engage in multiple sessions. The “decoy effect” is a cognitive bias that can cause consumer preferences for a “target” product to change when presented with a similar but inferior product (a “decoy”). This study tested the use of a decoy to guide smokers’ selection of a target number of counseling sessions. During an online survey, adult tobacco users (N = 93) were randomized to one of two groups that determined the answer choices they saw in response to a question assessing their interest in multi-session cessation counseling. Group A choose between two sessions or a “target” of five sessions. Group B was given a third “decoy” option of seven sessions. Binary logistic regression was used to compare groups on the proportion of participants selecting the “target.”

Results
Among 90 participants with complete data, a decoy effect was not found. There was no significant difference between groups in the proportion of participants selecting the target of five sessions (47% in Group B vs. 53% in Group A; aOR = 0.76, 95%CI 0.48–1.19).
Trial Registration This study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov on December 13, 2019 (NCT04200157)
Cluster of differentiation 8 and programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer combined with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and tuberous sclerosis complex: a case report
Authors: Gonda Kenji , Akama Takanori , Nakamura Takayuki , Hashimoto Eiko , Kyoya Naomi , Rokkaku Yuichi , Maejima Yuko , Horita Shoichiro , Tachibana Kazunoshin , Abe Noriko , Ohtake Tohru , Shimomura Kenju , Kono Koji , Saji Shigehira , Takenoshita Seiichi , Higashihara Eiji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is defined as an inherited disorder characterized by renal cyst formation due to mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 gene, whereas tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome caused by mutation or deletion of the TSC2 gene. A TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome, which is caused by a chromosomal mutation that disrupts both the TSC2 and PKD1 genes, has been identified in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and severe early-onset autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The tumor tissue of patients with breast cancer with contiguous gene syndrome has a high mutation burden and produces several neoantigens. A diffuse positive immunohistochemistry staining for cluster of differentiation 8+ in the T cells of breast cancer tissue is consistent with neoantigen production due to high mutation burden.

Case presentation
A 61-year-old Japanese woman who had been undergoing dialysis for 23 years because of end-stage renal failure secondary to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease was diagnosed as having triple-negative breast cancer and underwent mastectomy in 2015. She had a history of epilepsy and skin hamartoma. Her grandmother, mother, two aunts, four cousins, and one brother were also on dialysis for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Her brother had epilepsy and a brain nodule. Another brother had a syndrome of kidney failure, intellectual disability, and diabetes mellitus, which seemed to be caused by mutation in the CREBBP gene. Immunohistochemistry of our patient’s breast tissue showed cluster of differentiation 8 and programmed cell death ligand 1 positivity.

Conclusions
Programmed cell death ligand 1 checkpoint therapy may be effective for recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and tuberous sclerosis complex.
A new load balancing strategy by task allocation in edge computing based on intermediary nodes
Authors: Li Guangshun , Yao Yonghui , Wu Junhua , Liu Xiaoxiao , Sheng Xiaofei , Lin Qingyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe latency of cloud computing is high for the reason that it is far from terminal users. Edge computing can transfer computing from the center to the network edge. However, the problem of load balancing among different edge nodes still needs to be solved. In this paper, we propose a load balancing strategy by task allocation in edge computing based on intermediary nodes. The intermediary node is used to monitor the global information to obtain the real-time attributes of the edge nodes and complete the classification evaluation. First, edge nodes can be classified to three categories (light-load, normal-load, and heavy-load), according to their inherent attributes and real-time attributes. Then, we propose a task assignment model and allocate new tasks to the relatively lightest load node. Experiments show that our method can balance load among edge nodes and reduce the completion time of tasks.
On weighted Atangana–Baleanu fractional operators
Authors: Al-Refai Mohammed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we define the weighted Atangana–Baleanu fractional operators of Caputo sense. We obtain the solution of a related linear fractional differential equation in a closed form, and use the result to define the weighted Atangana–Baleanu fractional integral. We then express the weighted Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative in a convergent series of Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals, and establish commutative results of the weighted Atangana–Baleanu fractional operators.
Developing an online hate classifier for multiple social media platforms
Authors: Salminen Joni , Hopf Maximilian , Chowdhury Shammur A. , Jung Soon-gyo , Almerekhi Hind , Jansen Bernard J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe proliferation of social media enables people to express their opinions widely online. However, at the same time, this has resulted in the emergence of conflict and hate, making online environments uninviting for users. Although researchers have found that hate is a problem across multiple platforms, there is a lack of models for online hate detection using multi-platform data. To address this research gap, we collect a total of 197,566 comments from four platforms: YouTube, Reddit, Wikipedia, and Twitter, with 80% of the comments labeled as non-hateful and the remaining 20% labeled as hateful. We then experiment with several classification algorithms (Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, XGBoost, and Neural Networks) and feature representations (Bag-of-Words, TF-IDF, Word2Vec, BERT, and their combination). While all the models significantly outperform the keyword-based baseline classifier, XGBoost using all features performs the best (F1 = 0.92). Feature importance analysis indicates that BERT features are the most impactful for the predictions. Findings support the generalizability of the best model, as the platform-specific results from Twitter and Wikipedia are comparable to their respective source papers. We make our code publicly available for application in real software systems as well as for further development by online hate researchers.
Aortic volume determines global end-diastolic volume measured by transpulmonary thermodilution
Authors: Akohov Aleksej , Barner Christoph , Grimmer Steffen , Francis Roland CE , Wolf Stefan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) measured by transpulmonary thermodilution is regarded as indicator of cardiac preload. A bolus of cold saline injected in a central vein travels through the heart and lung, but also the aorta until detection in a femoral artery. While it is well accepted that injection in the inferior vena cava results in higher values, the impact of the aortic volume on GEDV is unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that a larger aortic volume directly translates to a numerically higher GEDV measurement.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 88 critically ill patients with thermodilution monitoring and who did require a contrast-enhanced thoraco-abdominal computed tomography scan. Aortic volumes derived from imaging were compared with GEDV measurements in temporal proximity.

Results
Median aortic volume was 194 ml (interquartile range 147 to 249 ml). Per milliliter increase of the aortic volume, we found a GEDV increase by 3.0 ml (95% CI 2.0 to 4.1 ml, p < 0.001). In case a femoral central venous line was used for saline bolus injection, GEDV raised additionally by 2.1 ml (95% CI 0.5 to 3.7 ml, p = 0.01) per ml volume of the vena cava inferior. Aortic volume explained 59.3% of the variance of thermodilution-derived GEDV. When aortic volume was included in multivariate regression, GEDV variance was unaffected by sex, age, body height, and weight.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the aortic volume is a substantial confounding variable for GEDV measurements performed with transpulmonary thermodilution. As the aorta is anatomically located after the heart, GEDV should not be considered to reflect cardiac preload. Guiding volume management by raw or indexed reference ranges of GEDV may be misleading.
Blood pressure and heart failure
Authors: Oh Gyu Chul , Cho Hyun-Jai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and death. It affects a substantial proportion of the population worldwide, and remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Body
Long-standing high blood pressure leads to left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction that cause an increase in myocardial rigidity, which renders the myocardium less compliant to changes in the preload, afterload, and sympathetic tone. Adequate blood pressure control must be achieved in patients with hypertension to prevent progression to overt heart failure. Controlling blood pressure is also important in patients with established heart failure, especially among those with preserved ejection fractions. However, aggressive blood pressure lowering can cause adverse outcomes, because a reverse J-curve association may exist between the blood pressure and the outcomes of patients with heart failure. Little robust evidence exists regarding the optimal blood pressure target for patients with heart failure, but a value near 130/80 mmHg seems to be adequate according to the current guidelines.

Conclusion
Prospective studies are required to further investigate the optimal blood pressure target for patients with heart failure.
The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to the severity of alcohol dependence in the population of rural south India
Authors: Ravikanth Tangella , Sultan Sadia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Many international studies have reported a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in alcohol-dependent individuals and highlighted the clinical, prognostic, and treatment implications of such findings. However, there is a paucity of such information within the context of India. This study investigates the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals and its relationship with the severity of this dependence.

Result
This was a prevalence study conducted for a period of 1 year. Patients were identified from Mahbubnagar, a local area in rural south India, and recruited at outpatient deaddiction clinic of SVS hosital. Application for research ethics approval was approved. A consecutive sample of 100 inpatients diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome was recruited. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess psychiatric comorbidity 2 weeks after detoxification. The severity of dependence was judged using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence questionnaire. One-hundred (male, n = 65; female, n = 35) alcohol-dependent patients were recruited. The mean age of participants was 41.9 (SD = 9.3) years. Participants (n = 33, 33%) had a co-occurring psychiatric disorder, the commonest being mood disorder (n = 18), which sub-divided into major depressive disorder (n = 8), dysthymia (n = 5), manic episode (n = 3), and hypomanic episode (n = 2), followed by anxiety disorders (n = 11) and then psychotic disorder (n = 4). The comorbid psychiatric disorders were significantly associated with the severity of dependence (p = 0.001) and longer duration of alcohol (p = 0.003) use.

Conclusion
This result emphasizes the need to thoroughly assess patients for possible under-identified dual diagnosis and provide treatments accordingly.