bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition distribution of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the human airways upon exposure to cough-generated droplets and aerosol particles
Authors: Madas Balázs G. , Füri Péter , Farkas Árpád , Nagy Attila , Czitrovszky Aladár , Balásházy Imre , Schay Gusztáv G. , Horváth Alpár 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been emerged as a rapidly spreading pandemic. The disease is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The pathogen of COVID-19 is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It infects the cells binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) which is expressed by cells throughout the airways as targets for cellular entry. Although the majority of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience symptoms of mild upper respiratory tract infection, in some people infections of the acinar airways result in severe, potentially fatal pneumonia. However, the induction of COVID-19 pneumonia requires that SARS-CoV-2 reaches the acinar airways. While huge efforts have been made to understand the spread of the disease as well as the pathogenesis following cellular entry, much less attention is paid to how SARS-CoV-2 from the environment reach the receptors of the target cells. The aim of the present study is to characterize the deposition distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in the airways upon exposure to cough-generated droplets and aerosol particles. For this purpose, the Stochastic Lung Deposition Model has been applied. Particle size distribution, breathing parameters supposing normal breathing through the nose, and viral loads were taken from the literature. We found that the probability of direct infection of the acinar airways due to inhalation of particles emitted by a bystander cough is very low. As the number of viruses deposited in the extrathoracic airways is about 7 times higher than in the acinar airways, we concluded that in most cases COVID-19 pneumonia must be preceded by SARS-CoV-2 infection of the upper airways. Our results suggest that without the enhancement of viral load in the upper airways, COVID-19 would be much less dangerous. The period between the onset of initial symptoms and the potential clinical deterioration could provide an opportunity for prevention of pneumonia by blocking or significantly reducing the transport of viruses towards the acinar airways. Therefore, even non-specific treatment forms like disinfection of the throat and nasal and oral mucosa may effectively keep the viral load of the upper airways low enough to avoid or prolong the progression of the disease. In addition, using a tissue or cloth in order to absorb droplets and aerosol particles emitted by own coughs of infected patients before re-inhalation is highly recommended even if they are alone in quarantine.
The transbasal approach to the anterior skull base: surgical outcome of a single-centre case series
Authors: Aftahy A. Kaywan , Barz Melanie , Wagner Arthur , Bermeitinger Julia S. , Delbridge Claire , Negwer Chiara , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA variety of sinonasal tumours, meningiomas or other lesions of the anterior skull base involve the paranasal sinuses and the periorbital area. The transbasal approach (TBA) has turned out to be a feasible technique to reach those lesions. A retrospective review at a neurosurgical university department between November 2007 and January 2020 with adult patients who underwent resection of oncologic pathologies through TBA. Surgical technique, extent of resection (EOR), clinical outcome and postoperative complications were analysed. 18 TBAs between November 2007 and January 2020 were performed. Median age was 62 (range 25–83), 7 female and 11 male patients. Gross total resection rate was 85.8% throughout all entities. Four (22.2%) patients suffered from WHO°I meningiomas and 14 (77.7%) from other extra-axial lesions. Preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPSS) was 80% (range 40–90), postoperative KPSS 80% (range 20–100). Rate of postoperative complications requiring intervention was 16.7%. Median follow-up was 9.8 (range 1.2–71.8) months. Modifications and extensions of the classic TBA are not mandatory. Complete resection can be performed under functional and cosmetic-preserving aspects. Second-step procedures such as transnasal approaches may be performed to avoid high morbidity of more aggressive TBAs, if necessary. Surgical considerations should be kept simple and straightforward.
Micromachined inertial switch for sub‐g monitoring using gravity‐based threshold compensation
Authors: You Rui , Lu Wenshuai , Ruan Yong , Hao Yilong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis letter presents the original design of a microelectromechanical systems inertial switch with ultra‐low threshold (∼0.6 g) and great potential for batch manufacturing. The gravity is utilized to narrow the gap between electrodes during operation, defined here as threshold compensation. This lightens the fabrication burden, enabling the device to be made by standard silicon‐on‐glass micromachining without excessive optimization. Finite element analysis has been conducted to demonstrate positive effects of gravity involvement (9.4 μm reduction of the gap) and compliance design of the movable electrodes (multiplied contact time and less than half coefficient of restitution). Fabricated inertial switches have been installed into a vibration system to test fundamental characteristics. Under vibration conditions with amplitude of 0.6 g and frequencies from 25 to 40 Hz, the devices achieve reliable switching with triggering time ranging from 81.2 to 119.3 μs.
Design of a wideband quasi‐Yagi antenna with filtering response
Authors: Zhu Yanyuan , Wang Min , Wang Jianpeng , Chen Jianxin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis letter presents a wideband quasi‐Yagi antenna with high selective filtering responses and good radiation performance. The proposed antenna is formed by a microstrip‐slotline‐microstrip transition structure as the filtering network, a driver dipole, and a parasitic strip element. Attributing to the integrated wideband filtering balun network, a wideband performance in the antenna with stable gain can be achieved. Moreover, two radiation nulls are introduced near both sides of the gain passband by utilizing the source‐load coupling in the filtering network to acquire a sharp skirt selectivity. To verify the design concept, a prototype is fabricated and measured. Results exhibit an impedance bandwidth of 63.5% from 3.0 to 5.79 GHz with a stable gain average of 5 dBi over the whole operation band. Besides, two radiation nulls occur at 2.6 and 6.85 GHz, respectively. The simulated results are in good agreement with the measured counterparts.
Multi‐resonator application on size reduction for retransmission‐based chipless RFID tag
Authors: Hossain A. K. M. Z. , Ibrahimy M. I. , Motakabber S. M. A. , Azam S. M. K. , Islam M. S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHere, a ‘truncated C’‐shaped planar coupled line resonator for UWB retransmission‐based chipless RFID has been presented. The resonator is small compared to other existing resonators in the retransmission‐based chipless RFID family. Two different coded multi‐resonator prototype tags have been designed and validated with newly designed planar microstrip fingertip‐shaped antennas. A good agreement is found between simulation and measurement responses. From the system validation, different coding combinations have been extracted when all resonators are present (111111111) and when three resonators are absent (110110101). It is found that with this resonator, 9 bits can be imposed instead of the existing planar rectangular resonator that gives only 1 bit with a larger size. Hence, as much as 86.7% of the occupied area is reduced by the resonator presented in this work. This work is anticipated to motivate the researchers in developing UWB passive RFID tags with higher bit density and smaller sizes for item tagging and sensing applications.
Hough transform based ego‐velocity estimation in automotive radar system
Authors: Lim Sohee , Lee Seongwook 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn general, the velocity estimated through the automotive radar is the relative velocity between the ego‐vehicle and the target. To estimate the absolute velocity of the ego‐vehicle (i.e. ego‐velocity), it is necessary to get help from other automotive sensors, such as cameras and lidars. In this letter, therefore, a method for estimating the ego‐velocity is proposed using only radar sensor data. To estimate the ego‐velocity, stationary targets in the detection result have to be identified because the velocity relative to the stationary target can be directly converted to the ego‐velocity. In the proposed method, the radar data is first processed to extract the relative distance from the ego‐vehicle to the target, relative velocity between the ego‐vehicle and the target, and angle between the ego‐vehicle and the target. Then, the detected targets are represented in the angle‐velocity domain because moving and stationary targets in this domain exhibit different characteristics. In other words, the moving targets are randomly placed, but the stationary targets exist around a specific line. Finally, the Hough transformation is applied to automatically determine the line, and the ego‐velocity is calculated from the transform result. The proposed method shows a maximum error of 2.4% in the velocity range of 30–90 km/h.
Will people like your illustration? Popularity assessment of illustrations
Authors: Yang Jiachen , Men Yao , Zhao Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIllustrations frequently appear in advertisements, films, books, etc. Research into the popularity of illustrations shows practicality and necessity already, which plays an important role in the improvement of illustrations and advertising decisions. In this letter, an Illustration Popularity Assessment Network （IPANet） is designed, inspired by the illustration creation process. Atrous convolutional layers are densely concatenated to extract image composition information and Gram matrix is used to measure the image style. We also introduce a scoring model based on ‘views’ and ‘likes’ to score the popularity of collected illustrations. The IPANet is proved to be effective according to experimental results on the scored illustrations. As far as we know, we are the first to explore the popularity of illustrations and practice successfully.
PotNet: Pothole detection for autonomous vehicle system using convolutional neural network
Authors: Dewangan Deepak Kumar , Sahu Satya Prakash 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdvancement in vision‐based techniques has enabled the autonomous vehicle system (AVS) to understand the driving scene in depth. The capability of autonomous vehicle system to understand the scene, and detecting the specific object depends on the strong feature representation of such objects. However, pothole objects are difficult to identify due to their non‐uniform structure in challenging, and dynamic road environments. Existing approaches have shown limited performance for the precise detection of potholes. The study on the detection of potholes, and intelligent driving behaviour of autonomous vehicle system is little explored in existing articles. Hence, here, an improved prototype model, which is not only truly capable of detecting the potholes but also shows its intelligent driving behaviour when any pothole is detected, is proposed. The prototype is developed using a convolutional neural network with a vision camera to explore, and validates the potential, and autonomy of its driving behaviour in the prepared road environment. The experimental analysis of the proposed model on various performance measures have obtained accuracy, sensitivity, and F‐measure of 99.02%, 99.03%, and 98.33%, respectively, which are comparable with the available state‐of‐art techniques.
A unipolar thin‐film transistor‐based amplifier with enhanced DC offset suppression
Authors: Xu Yuming , Li Bin , Zhong Wei , Deng Sunbin , Fan Houbo , Wu Zhaohui , Yeung Fion Sze Yan , Kwok Hoi Sing , Chen Rongsheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis letter proposes a unipolar thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐based amplifier design that can provide enhanced DC offset suppression. The amplifier consists of an input AC coupling network and a capacitor bootstrap amplifier. By making the first pole of the input AC‐coupling network coincide with that of the capacitor bootstrap amplifier, a DC offset suppression capability of 40 dB/dec, which is 2× higher than that of the prior arts, can be obtained. An implementation is also proposed and a Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) TFT model whose parameters are turned to fit the measured data of our metal‐oxide TFT is used to simulate the circuit. Simulation results show that the implementation has 31 dB midband gain, 0.5 Hz–5 kHz bandwidth, 300 μW power consumptions, and the expected 40 dB/dec DC offset suppression. This design is suitable for applications that need to block large DC interference, such as sensor readout amplifiers.
Multi‐objective manta ray foraging algorithm for efficient operation of hybrid AC/DC power grids with emission minimisation
Authors: Shaheen Abdullah M. , El‐Sehiemy Ragab A. , Elsayed Abdallah M. , Elattar Ehab E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current paper presents a multi‐objective manta ray foraging algorithm (MO‐MRFA) for efficient operation of hybrid AC and multi‐terminal direct current (MTDC) power grids. The multi‐objective framework aims at achieving economical, technical and environmental benefits by minimising the total production fuel costs, minimising the transmission power losses and minimising the environmental emissions in the AC/MTDC transmission systems. The MRFA imitates three separate independent foraging organisations of the manta rays. It is updated incorporating an additional Pareto archive to preserve the non‐dominated solutions. A dynamic adaptation of the fitness feature is employed by iteratively varying the form of the employed fitness function. Furthermore, a fuzzy decision‐making technique is activated to finally pick the appropriate operating point of the AC/MTDC power grids. The proposed technique is compared with other reported algorithms in the literatures. The applications are conducted on three test systems. These systems are IEEE 30‐bus, IEEE 57‐bus test power systems in addition to real part of the Egyptian grid at West Delta region. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed MO‐MRFA has great effectiveness and robustness indices over the others. Nevertheless, the proposed MO‐MRFA is successfully extracting several Pareto solutions that meet the techno‐economic requirements with accepted environmental concerns.
Low‐light image enhancement based on Retinex decomposition and adaptive gamma correction
Authors: Yang Jingyu , Xu Yuwei , Yue Huanjing , Jiang Zhongyu , Li Kun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLow‐light images suffer from poor visibility and noise. In this paper, a low‐light image enhancement method based on Retinex decomposition is proposed. A pyramid network is first utilized to extract multi‐scale features to improve the quality of Retinex decomposition. Then the decomposed illumination is refined via an adaptive Gamma correction network to handle non‐uniform illumination, while the decomposed reflectance is refined with a lightweight network. Finally, the enhanced image is obtained by element‐wise multiplication between the refined illumination and reflectance components. Quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method over state‐of‐the‐art image enhancement methods.
A new interleaved ultra‐large gain converter for sustainable energy systems
Authors: Nouri Tohid , Shaneh Mahdi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBy inserting the secondary windings of the coupled inductors in series with the primary of the built‐in transformer at the middle branch, a new concept is introduced for achieving ultra large voltage gain. The secondary and tertiary windings of the built‐in transformer are inserted in the voltage multiplier cell. This configuration not only extends the voltage gain and minimises the voltage stress across power MOSFETs, but also gives a more flexibility to increase the voltage gain by the turns ratios of the built‐in transformer and coupled inductors. Hence, high duty cycle is avoided and low voltage switches can be adopted which reduces the conduction losses. Also, the regenerative diode in each of the phases is connected to the other phase to improve equal current sharing performance. The energy of the leakage inductances is recycled by passive clamps and the high voltage spikes are avoided. Meanwhile, due to the leakage inductances of the magnetic means, the zero current switching of semiconductor devices is provided and the reverse recovery problem is alleviated. Finally, a 600 W prototype with 28–400 V voltage conversion and 97% conversion efficiency is built to demonstrate the performance of the converter.
A TEO‐based modified Laplacian of Gaussian filter to detect faults in rolling element bearing for variable rotational speed machine
Authors: Liu Yi , Jiang Zhansi , Huang Haizhou , Xiang Jiawei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConventional signal processing techniques for fault detection are usually aimed at constant speed conditions. Nowadays, order tracking, especially tacho‐less order tracking is regarded as a valuable tool for extracting fault features under variable rotational speed conditions. Therefore, a teager energy operator (TEO)‐based modified Laplacian of Gaussian filter is proposed to enhance the fault detection behaviour of tacho‐less order tracking. This method consists of four steps: First, multi‐synchrosqueezing transform is employed to estimate and then extract the instantaneous rotation frequency of a shaft. Second, based on the extracted curve, the non‐stationary domain signal is converted into a quasi‐stationary domain by the re‐sampling technique. Third, the obtained quasi‐stationary domain signal is de‐noise by the novel method. Finally, fault characteristic orders are extracted via envelope order spectrum analysis method and the performance is significantly improved. The results of numerical simulation and experimental investigations are performed to validate the superiority of the novel method for fault extraction under variable rotational speed conditions.
Recent Advances in C(sp3)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling via Metalla­photoredox Strategies
Authors: Yuan Weiming , Zheng Songlin , Hu Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed carbon–carbon cross-coupling reactions represent a significant achievement in modern synthetic chemistry and they have become indispensable tools for the construction of organic molecules. Despite the important progress in this area, methods for coupling two C(sp3)-hybridized alkyl fragments remain elusive. To date, existing methods have largely relied on using organometallic reagents as the nucleophilic coupling partners, thereby inevitably limiting the compatibility of functional groups. Although cross-electrophile coupling may alleviate the pain somewhat, it is necessary to add a stoichiometric amount of a reductant to complete the catalytic cycle. Recently, the emergence of photoredox-mediated single-electron transmetalation has evoked an ideal paradigm for selectively manipulating C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupling with the unprecedented application of native C(sp3) functionalities instead of organometallic reagents, thus opening a new window for C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond creation. This short review highlights the recent advances in this exciting subfield.1	Introduction2	Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling3	Palladium/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling4	Copper/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling5	Direct C(sp3)–H Alkylation via Metallaphotoredox-Mediated Hydrogen­ Atom Transfer6	Conclusion and Perspectives
Calcium Homeostasis Comparison in Thermal Burn Patients–Early Tangential Excision and Grafting versus Conservative Management
Authors: Jha Sonika , Goyal Parul , Bhattacharya Sameek , Baranwal Shilpi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction With the advent of better burn wound management protocols, early excision and grafting, increased number of burns patients are surviving and entering the struggle of prolonged rehabilitation. Calcium homeostasis and its influence on bone mineralization plays an important role, but it is adversely influenced by the proinflammatory state in burns, leading to hypocalcemia and paradoxical hypercalciuria which, in turn, leads to excessive bony resorption and pathological fractures. The role of early excision in the overall metabolism of calcium is being investigated in the study.
Method This study was undertaken in a tertiary level government-run hospital from February 2018 to August 2019. A total of 28 patients with second degree thermal burns were included. For all patients, fasting serum parathormone levels along with various serum electrolytes like Ca2+, Mg2+, PO4
3- and urinary calcium levels were serially measured from day of admission to 2 months. The first group of 14 patients (Group A) underwent early tangential excision and skin grafting, whereas another 14 patients (Group B) underwent conservative management. All categorical variables were analyzed with the help of Chi square test. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result There was a statistically significant improvement in serum parathormone and other electrolytes’ levels in the tangential excision group. Similarly, urinary excretion of calcium also showed favorable results in the group.
Conclusion Early tangential excision and grafting in burns plays an important role in maintaining serum parathormone and calcium levels, leading to prevention of hypercalciuria and optimization of other factors affecting calcium homeostasis.
Tuning MPL signaling to influence hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and inhibit essential thrombocythemia progenitors
Authors: Cui Lu , Moraga Ignacio , Lerbs Tristan , Van Neste Camille , Wilmes Stephan , Tsutsumi Naotaka , Trotman-Grant Aaron Claudius , Gakovic Milica , Andrews Sarah , Gotlib Jason , Darmanis Spyros , Enge Martin , Quake Stephen , Hitchcock Ian S. , Piehler Jacob , Garcia K. Christopher , Wernig Gerlinde 
Published: December 2020

Significance
TPO is a cytokine that signals through the receptor MPL (or TPO-R), and is essential for megakaryocyte differentiation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). TPO signaling is deregulated in essential thrombocythemia (ET). Here, we engineered diabodies (DBs) against the TPO-R ECD as surrogate TPO ligands to manipulate TPO-R signaling, from full to partial agonism, and that show decoupling of the dual functions of TPO/TPO-R (i.e, HSC maintenance versus megakaryopoiesis). We subsequently discovered that partial agonistic DBs, by reducing the strength of the TPO-R signal, not only preserved HSCs in culture, but also blocked oncogenic signaling in ET. This finding has the potential to improve HSC cultures for transplants, as well as serve as a unique therapeutic approach for ET.
Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant's foot).
Authors: Ventosa-Febles Eduardo A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Pseudelephantopus spicatus is a herbaceous plant native to the tropical areas in Mesoamerica, South America, the West Indies and Latin America; it has been introduced to Africa, Southeast Asia and some islands in the Pacific. It is reported to be naturalized in parts of Florida and Thailand. P. spicatus is regarded as a potentially pernicious weed of open ground.. As early as 1948 all available evidence then is said to have indicated that P. spicatus, however interesting as an addition to the adventive flora of the United States, is a potentially injurious weed which should be extirpated if possible before it becomes too thoroughly established.