bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a reduced‐calorie high pressure processed sapodilla (Manilkara zapota L.) jam based on rheological, textural, and sensory properties
Authors: Shinwari Kaunsar Jabeen , Rao Pavuluri Srinivasa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh pressure technology (400 MPa at 27 ± 1.5 °C for 10 min) was applied for the processing of jam, and target was the reduction (∼47%) of sugar requirement by using a fiber‐rich fruit, that is, sapodilla. Different formulations of jam containing various combinations of pectin (0.5 to 5.0%), sugar (45 to 65%), and acid (0.5 to 1) were investigated for textural, rheological, and sensory properties of the pressure‐processed jam. The textural parameters mainly hardness (varied 16 to 594 g force) of the jam samples were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by the formulation ingredients viz. sugar and pectin content. Also, an interaction effect (P < 0.01) of sugar and pectin was observed on the jam hardness. The rheological parameters (gel strength, K′) also varied (1036 to 2852 Pa) with the change in total soluble solids (TSS) and pectin content. However, the samples having lower TSS content (e.g. 45%) and appropriate pectin content (4.0, 4.5, or 5.0%) were similar (P > 0.05) to the samples having higher TSS content (65%) and corresponding pectin level (0.5, 1.0, or 1.5%) based on the rheological properties. On the other hand, the samples with middle levels of pectin at the corresponding TSS level (45 to 65%) were highest (score of >6 on seven‐point hedonic scale) and equally preferred (P > 0.05) by the sensory panelist based on overall acceptability calculated from the scores obtained for sensory attributes viz. color, aroma, sweetness, sourness, texture, and spreadability. Therefore, the jam formulation containing sapodilla pulp as a base material, TSS 45%, pectin 4.5%, and citric acid 0.5% was determined to be the preferred formulation for the production of reduced‐calorie, pressure‐processed jam based on its gel strength, overall acceptability, and storage stability.Practical ApplicationHigh‐fiber fruit was used for the development of a reduced‐calorie high pressure processed jam in this study. The inherited or externally added fiber can favor the reduction in sugar requirement of a food product particularly those processed by high pressure, leading to reduction in calories. The findings of this study can be used for the development of novel HPP products with functional properties.
Exploration of natural phosphatidylcholine sources from six beans by UHPLC‐Q‐HRMS
Authors: Yang Fu , Zhou Li , Zhang Minghao , Liu Jikai , Marchioni Eric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBeans are a rich source of phosphatidylcholine (PC). This study aims to explore natural PC sources rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with nutritional interest. PCs from six beans were purified (purity > 98.2%) by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and subsequently identified by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–Quadrupole (Q)–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐HRMS). Results showed that the PC content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and soybean (Glycine max) was 50.0 and 34.0 mg/g, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of other beans (P < 0.05). Gas chromatographic analysis showed that soybean contained high proportion of PUFA (58.78%), and chickpea contained high proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (2.73%). A total of 49 molecular species were identified by UHPLC‐Q‐HRMS. (18:2‐18:2)PC was predominant in soybean, adzuki bean, runner bean, and common bean. (16:0‐18:1)PC was the major species of chickpea PC, and many ether PC species and DHA‐PC were identified. Discriminatory analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the molecular profiles of chickpea PC were significantly different from other beans studied. The findings suggest that chickpea appears to be an interesting plant source of DHA and ether lipids for dietary supplement.Practical ApplicationIn this study, we reported an UHPLC‐Q‐HRMS technique to identify PC molecular species of six beans. The diversity of PC molecular species in the different beans was classified using chemometrics. This analytical method not only provides comprehensive information to nutritionists about the PC distribution in different beans, but also can identify biomarkers for bean flour fraud identification in food supplementation. Furthermore, the approach gives fragmentation patterns of several PC species and could be further applied to determine the chemical structure of PC molecular species from many natural resources.
Effect of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid on hydration and structure of wheat gluten
Authors: Xie Xinhua , Wu Xiuyuan , Shen Yue , Song Miao , Xu Chao , Zhang Bei , Aziz Usman , Xu Xinjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, hydrocolloids have been used extensively as enhancers in dough products. However, studies on the effect of hydrophilic polymers on wheat gluten (WG) within the dough are scarce. In the present study, poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA), a new and healthy food additive, was added to the WG to investigate its effect on hydration, rheological properties, and structures of WG. Results showed that with the addition of γ‐PGA, the water‐holding capacity (WHC) of WG and the content of bound water increased, whereas the content of immobilized water decreased. In addition, γ‐PGA changed the rheological properties of WG. The elastic properties of WG gradually weakened and the viscous properties gradually increased. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that with the addition of γ‐PGA, the structure of the WG network became more uniform and the pore size was smaller. A change also occurred in the secondary structure of WG, in which the α‐helix content was significantly reduced while the contents of β‐turn angles were significantly increased, thereby suggesting that γ‐PGA not only functions as a filler in the WG system, but also interacts with WG. From the present study, we conclude that γ‐PGA can interact with WG and water to change the WG secondary structure. γ‐PGA can also restrict moisture migration and enhance the WHC of WG, thereby changing the WG microstructure and improving its functional properties. This condition provides the basis for γ‐PGA to be recommended as WG enhancer for addition in WG‐containing products such as bread, seitan (meat replacement), and others.Practical ApplicationWG performance plays a key role in the quality of flour products. Thus, many studies have been conducted to improve the WG quality to produce highly popular flour products. The results of this study showed that γ‐PGA can interact with WG and water, and had a good effect on improving the WHC of WG, which means that γ‐PGA has potential usefulness in improving the quality of WG and WG‐containing products such as bread, seitan (meat replacement), and others.
Effect of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Albarrati Ali , Taher Mohammed , Nazer Rakan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually associated with respiratory manifestations including inspiratory muscle weakness which affects exercise capacity. The present study aimed to determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on inspiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with no previous cardiopulmonary or neuromuscular diseases. Patients had no back pain. Patients were randomized into interventional or placebo groups. Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and six‐minute walking test (6MWT) were measured at baseline and 8 weeks post incremental inspiratory muscle training.ResultsAt baseline, interventional and placebo groups were similar in age, body mass index, sex inspiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity. After 8 weeks of incremental inspiratory muscle training at 40% of MIP, the interventional group had a significant increase in the SNIP (mean difference: 18.5 ± 5.30 cm H2O vs 2.8 ± 4.8 cm H2O) and MIP (mean difference: 19.4 ± 4.3 Vs 5.4 ± 3.6 cm H2O) compared to the placebo group, respectively. The interventional group showed improvement in the 6MWT (mean difference: 70 ± 29 m vs 34 ± 24 m) compared to the placebo group, P < .05.ConclusionIncremental inspiratory muscle training increased the diaphragm strength in patients with T2DM and improved exercise capacity.
Interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase gene polymorphisms contribute to rheumatoid arthritis risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Pingli , Li Qihui , Liang Renxian , He Xiong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting about 1% of world population. Three polymorphisms of Interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase (IRAK1) gene, rs3027898, rs1059702 and rs1059703, are studied to associate with RA risk. However, the findings are inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta‐analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the impact of the 3 polymorphisms on RA risk.MethodThe strength of association between 3 polymorphisms and RA risk was assessed by calculating odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOverall, for rs3027898 polymorphism, no association was observed in pooled analysis, but the stratified analysis suggested that rs3027898 CA genotype was associated with a reduced risk of RA in an Asian population (heterozygous model: OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.66‐0.96, P = .018). Rs1059702 polymorphism was related with an increased RA risk (homozygous model: OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.19‐2.13, P = .002, heterozygous model: OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.17‐1.88, P = .001, and allele comparison model: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.20‐1.53, P < .001). Moreover, rs1059703 was also associated with an increased RA risk (dominant model: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.07‐1.49, P = .006), especially in Caucasian populations.ConclusionThese results indicated that all 3 Interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase (IRAK1) gene polymorphisms, rs3027898, rs1059702 and rs1059703 were related to RA risk.
A field and video annotation guide for baited remote underwater stereo‐video surveys of demersal fish assemblages
Authors: Langlois Tim , Goetze Jordan , Bond Todd , Monk Jacquomo , Abesamis Rene A. , Asher Jacob , Barrett Neville , Bernard Anthony T. F. , Bouchet Phil J. , Birt Matthew J. , Cappo Mike , Currey‐Randall Leanne M. , Driessen Damon , Fairclough David V. , Fullwood Laura A. F. , Gibbons Brooke A. , Harasti David , Heupel Michelle R. , Hicks Jamie , Holmes Thomas H. , Huveneers Charlie , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Jordan Alan , Knott Nathan A. , Lindfield Steve , Malcolm Hamish A. , McLean Dianne , Meekan Mark , Miller David , Mitchell Peter J. , Newman Stephen J. , Radford Ben , Rolim Fernanda A. , Saunders Benjamin J. , Stowar Marcus , Smith Adam N. H. , Travers Michael J. , Wakefield Corey B. , Whitmarsh Sasha K. , Williams Joel , Harvey Euan S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Baited remote underwater stereo‐video systems (stereo‐BRUVs) are a popular tool to sample demersal fish assemblages and gather data on their relative abundance and body size structure in a robust, cost‐effective and non‐invasive manner. Given the rapid uptake of the method, subtle differences have emerged in the way stereo‐BRUVs are deployed and how the resulting imagery is annotated. These disparities limit the interoperability of datasets obtained across studies, preventing broadscale insights into the dynamics of ecological systems.

We provide the first globally accepted guide for using stereo‐BRUVs to survey demersal fish assemblages and associated benthic habitats.

Information on stereo‐BRUVs design, camera settings, field operations and image annotation are outlined. Additionally, we provide links to protocols for data validation, archiving and sharing.

Globally, the use of stereo‐BRUVs is spreading rapidly. We provide a standardized protocol that will reduce methodological variation among researchers and encourage the use of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable workflows to increase the ability to synthesize global datasets and answer a broad suite of ecological questions.
Serum‐neuroproteins, near‐infrared spectroscopy, and cognitive outcome after beach‐chair shoulder surgery: Observational cohort study analyses
Authors: Larsen Jens Rolighed , Kobborg Tina , Shahim Pashtun , Blennow Kaj , Rasmussen Lars S. , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCerebral hypoxia may occur during surgery but currently used cerebral oxygenation saturation (rSO2) monitors remain controversial with respect to improving clinical outcome. Novel neuroprotein biomarkers are potentially released into systemic circulation and combined with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could clarify the presence of per‐operative cerebral hypoxia. We investigated changes to serum‐neuroprotein concentrations post‐surgically, paired with NIRS and cognitive outcome, in patients operated in the beach chair position (BCP).MethodsA prospective cohort in 28 shoulder surgery patients placed in the BCP. Blood samples were collected before induction of anaesthesia, and 2 hours and 3‐5 days post‐operatively. We analysed blood levels of biomarkers including tau and neurofilament light (NFL). We post hoc assessed the cross‐wise relationship between biomarker levels and post‐surgical changes in cognitive function and intraoperatively monitored rSO2 from NIRS.ResultsSerum‐NFL decreased from 24.2 pg/mL to 21.5 (P = .02) 2 hours post‐operatively, then increased to 27.7 pg/mL on day 3‐5 (P = .03). Conversely, s‐tau increased from 0.77 pg/mL to 0.98 (2 h), then decreased to 0.81 on day 3‐5 (P = .08). In 14/28 patients, episodic rSO2 below 55% occurred, and the duration < 55% was correlated to change in s‐tau (P < .05). The cognitive function z‐score at 1 week and 3 mo. correlated to the change in tau (P = .01), but not to NFL.ConclusionSome biomarkers were significantly changed with surgery in the beach chair position. The change was at some points associated to post‐operative cognitive decline, and to intraoperative low rSO2. (237).
Longitudinal Change in Alcohol Use and Motivations for Drinking Among Asian American College Students
Authors: Greene Kaylin M. , Maggs Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAsian Americans are understudied in the literature on alcohol, due to data limitations and the perception that they are at low risk for alcohol misuse. Yet, certain subpopulations—such as college students—may be at higher risk. The current study examined longitudinal change in alcohol use and motivations for drinking among Asian American students. We tested for differences by nativity status, ethnic origin, and gender and examined whether motivations covaried with alcohol use.MethodsAsian American first‐year college students (N = 199, 45.7% female, 37.7% foreign‐born) attending a US university were identified through stratified random sampling using registrar information. For 7 consecutive semesters, students completed online surveys about their behaviors and beliefs.ResultsMultilevel models demonstrated that alcohol use and alcohol‐related motivations increased over time. US‐born students consistently consumed more alcoholic drinks, reached higher peak drinking levels, and drank more frequently than foreign‐born students; however, motivations did not differ by nativity status. Chinese American students consumed less alcohol, drank less, and were more motivated to avoid alcohol‐related consequences than students of other/multiple heritage ethnic origins. Each motivation subscale was associated with alcohol use at the between‐person level. Likewise, within‐person variability in motivations was linked to variability in drinking across semesters. Controlling for other motivations, drinking for fun emerged as the strongest correlate of alcohol use variability.ConclusionsAlcohol misuse was highest among US‐born students and those with higher motivations for drinking. Furthermore, alcohol use varied in tandem with motivations, suggesting that motivations may be a useful intervention target among this population.
Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Signaling in the Ventral Tegmental Area Reduces Alcohol Self‐Administration in Male Rats
Authors: Dixon Tiarani N. , McNally Gavan P. , Ong Zhi Yi 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe misuse and abuse of alcohol is a major public health issue. However, available treatments are limited with variable efficacy. Recently, preclinical studies show that glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and its analogue Exendin‐4 (Ex4) potently reduce a range of alcohol intake behaviors, thus highlighting its potential as a treatment for alcohol use disorders. However, the neural mechanisms and sites of action mediating the effects of Ex4 on alcohol intake behaviors remain to be characterized. This study examined the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as a site of action for the effects of GLP‐1 on alcohol intake.MethodsMale Long‐Evans rats were given intermittent access to 20% alcohol and trained to nose poke for 20% alcohol. Rats received intra‐VTA injections of Ex4 (vehicle, 0.01, 0.05 μg), and the effects of VTA Ex4 on alcohol self‐administration, motivation, and relapse were assessed.ResultsWhen compared to vehicle treatment, intra‐VTA Ex4 (0.01, 0.05 μg) delivery significantly reduced alcohol self‐administration, an effect that was particularly prominent in high alcohol drinkers. However, VTA Ex4 did not reduce reacquisition of alcohol self‐administration after extinction nor the motivation to obtain alcohol. Importantly, the lower dose of Ex4 (0.01 μg) used had no effect on food intake or locomotor activity, suggesting that the reduction in alcohol self‐administration observed was not secondary to caloric intake or motor deficits.ConclusionsTogether, these findings provide support for the VTA as a key site of action for GLP‐1 on alcohol self‐administration but not the reacquisition of alcohol self‐administration or motivation to work for alcohol.
Proximity to the Southern Border and Sociodemographic Correlates of Drinking and Driving Arrests in California
Authors: Caetano Raul , Vaeth Patrice A. C. , Gruenewald Paul J. , Ponicki William R. , Kaplan Zoe B. , Annechino Rachelle 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAbout 30% of all motor vehicle fatalities in the United States are associated with alcohol‐impaired motor vehicle crashes. Arrests for drinking and driving (Driving under the influence [DUI]) are 1 of the most important deterrence actions to minimize DUI. This paper examines trends and population‐level correlates of drinking driving arrests (DUI) from 2005 to 2017 in California.MethodsArrest data come from the Monthly Arrest and Citation Register compiled by the California Department of Justice. Sociodemographic and community characteristic data from the U.S. Census, alcohol outlet density, and distance to the U.S.–Mexico border from Law Enforcement Reporting Areas (LERA) centroids were aggregated at the level of 499 LERA contributing to the report. Reported arrest rates were related to area sociodemographic characteristics using hierarchical Bayesian Poisson space–time models.ResultsBoth among men and women rates showed an upward trend until 2008, decreasing after that year. DUI arrest rates were greater among Hispanics than Whites for the 2 younger age groups, 18 to 29 (p < 0.001) and 30 to 39 years (p < 0.001). DUI arrest rates in LERA areas are positively related to proximity to the California/Mexico border; a higher percent of bar/pub outlets; a higher percent of Hispanic population; a higher percent of population 18 to 29, 30 to 39, and 40 to 49 years of age; a higher percent of US‐born population; a higher percent of population with annual income of $100,000 or more; a higher percent of population 150% below the federal poverty line; and a higher level of law‐enforcement activities.ConclusionsResults of this analysis of spatial correlates of DUI arrests overlap well with the literature on individual‐level data and arrest rates. The decrease in arrest rates as distance to the California/Mexico border increases is potentially associated with the greater availability of alcohol in the border area.
The age of insects and the revival of the minimum age tree
Authors: Klopfstein Seraina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeriving node calibrations from fossils remains by far the most common method for attaching an absolute timescale to a molecular tree. But this 'node dating' approach has a credibility problem: different studies using the same molecular data and even the same sets of fossils regularly arrive at drastically different age estimates. A major reason for these differences is well known: even well‐dated and firmly placed fossils can only provide a minimum age for a particular node. The time lag between that node and the fossil (or in other words: between the origin of a clade and its first appearance in the fossil record) is on the other hand notoriously difficult to quantify. Using recent studies on the age of the insect tree of life as an example, I discuss different rationales for choosing calibration priors based on fossils and argue that none of them is entirely convincing. I thus suggest shifting the objective of node dating analyses back to what can be achieved in a scientifically justifiable way: a dated tree that reflects the minimum ages of its constituent taxa. While this interpretation of time trees was followed widely in the early years of molecular dating, its conceptual advantages seem to have been suppressed over the promises of methods that allow integrating more complex node‐age constraints, even when those are difficult to justify. I argue that ‘minimum age trees’ should be revived for groups for which more sophisticated approaches, such as total‐evidence dating, are currently infeasible. Although minimum age trees do not provide mean estimates for the age of a group, they hold a lot of information in their own right and allow the testing of various hypotheses from the areas of biogeography and co‐evolution, while avoiding reliance on ad hoc assumptions about calibration densities.
The infestation and habitat of the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea interjectus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the riparian zone of Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Zhangxun , Li You , Ernstsons A. Simon , Sun Ronghua , Hulcr Jiri , Gao Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Extensive boring damage into trunks of living poplar trees in the urban forest of Shanghai, eastern China, was investigated in 2017.
In order to determine the taxonomic identity of the pest, we used morphological identification and sequenced mitochondrial COI gene. Based on both morphology and molecular data, it was concluded that the pest boring into the poplars was the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford).
Its occurrence and damage on poplar across Shanghai were also investigated. In the Pudong District, a total of 104.52 ha of urban forest were investigated thoroughly, and 16.22% of surveyed forests were found to be infested. This insect species is an important native pest capable of causing damage across the Shanghai area.
Observations in the field suggested that the damage may be related to distance to water sources. Our statistical analysis confirmed this hypothesis, as the close distance to water bodies correlated with higher levels of damage. We conclude that E. interjectus prefers host trees stressed by an occasional excessive abundance of water, and acts as a parasite on living trees without killing them.