bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does Molybdenum Disulfide Store Charge: A Minireview
Authors: Zhang Rui , Qin Yao , Liu Ping , Jia Chuankun , Tang Yougen , Wang Haiyan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMoS2 has attracted tremendous attention as a promising electrode material for rechargeable alkali metal ion (Li+, Na+, K+) batteries due to its high capacity and low cost. However, the practical application of MoS2 for energy storage has not been achieved yet, which is restricted by its intrinsic charge‐storage behavior. Debates still exist in this field although great efforts have been made to reveal alkali metal ion (Li+, Na+, K+) storage mechanism of MoS2. This Minireview aims to provide an analysis and summary of the related phase conversion, structure collapse, and loss of active material in a MoS2 electrode during the intercalation/extraction process of alkali metal ions. Hence, the fundamental understanding about the charge storage in MoS2 is of importance for the rational design of MoS2 electrodes with excellent electrochemical performance.
A Systematic Approach to Improve Scatter Sensitivity of a Flow Cytometer for Detection of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: de Rond Leonie , van der Pol Edwin , Bloemen Paul R. , Van Den Broeck Tina , Monheim Ludo , Nieuwland Rienk , van Leeuwen Ton G. , Coumans Frank A.W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are commonly studied by flow cytometry. Due to their small size and low refractive index, the scatter intensity of most EVs is below the detection limit of common flow cytometers. Here, we aim to improve forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC) sensitivity of a common flow cytometer to detect single 100 nm EVs. The effects of the optical and fluidics configuration on scatter sensitivity of a FACSCanto (Becton Dickinson) were evaluated by the separation index (SI) and robust coefficient of variation (rCV) of polystyrene beads (BioCytex). Improvement is defined as increased SI and/or reduced rCV. Changing the obscuration bar improved the rCV 1.9‐fold for FSC. A 10‐fold increase in laser power improved the SI 19‐fold for FSC and 4.4‐fold for SSC, whereas the rCV worsened 0.8‐fold and improved 1.5‐fold, respectively. Confocalization worsened the SI 1.2‐fold for FSC, and improved the SI 5.1‐fold for SSC, while the rCV improved 1.1‐fold and worsened 1.5‐fold, respectively. Replacing the FSC photodiode with a photomultiplier tube improved the SI 66‐fold and rCV 4.2‐fold. A 2‐fold reduction in sample stream width improved both SI and rCV for FSC by 1.8‐fold, and for SSC by 1.3‐ and 2.2‐fold, respectively. Decreasing the sample flow velocity worsened rCVs. Decreasing the flow channel dimensions and the pore size of the sheath filter did not substantially change the SI or rCV. Using the optimal optical configuration and fluidics settings, the SI improved 3.8∙104‐fold on FSC and 30‐fold on SSC, resulting in estimated detection limits for EVs (assuming a refractive index of 1.40) of 246 and 91 nm on FSC and SSC, respectively. Although a 50‐fold improvement on FSC is still necessary, these adaptions have produced an operator‐friendly, high‐throughput flow cytometer with a high sensitivity on both SSC and FSC. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Formal verification of a new authenticated and optimized version of AOMDV for WSN
Authors: Djellouli Ahmed El Amine , Abdi Mustapha Kamel , Kechar Bouabdellah 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a formal study based on model checking to formally verify an enhancement authenticated version of ad hoc on‐demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) called authenticated optimized AOMDV (AO‐AOMDV). In this new version, we have added new functionalities in route discovery and route maintenance processes combined with the advantages of μTESLA. This contribution allows a transmitter to compute multiple authenticated routing paths toward the destination. The result of the formal verification study, under UPPAAL and SPIN, shows the behavior of the protocol that may not be revealed by simulation.
An efficient algorithm for backbone construction in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Sharma Bharti , Singh Awadhesh Kumar 
Published: February 2020

SummaryNumerous research articles exist for backbone formation in wireless networks; however, they cannot be applied straightforward in cognitive radio network (CRN) due to its peculiar characteristics. Since virtual backbone has many advantages such as reduced routing overhead, dynamic maintenance, and fast convergence speed, we intend to propose a backbone formation protocol in CRN. In this paper, we propose a tree‐based backbone formation protocol along with its maintenance. Our protocol is based on non‐iterative approach, thus leading towards limited message overhead and faster convergence speed. The proposed algorithm first forms the tree by maintaining the parent‐child relationship, and second, the parent nodes are connected together to form the virtual backbone. In the end, we evaluate the performance our protocol through extensive simulations.
Interstellar‐based topology control scheme for optimal clustering performance in WSN
Authors: Jyothi A.P. , Usha S. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryClustering is one of the essential operations in wireless sensor network (WSN) to ensure organized data aggregation followed by energy efficiency. However, obtaining optimal clustering performance is yet an unsolved problem in WSN. Review of existing approaches towards cluster optimization shows that effective balance between energy efficiency and topology control is still missing. Therefore, the proposed system presents a unique topology control mechanism using a novel concept of interstellar orientation toward optimizing the clustering performance in WSN. Adopting an analytical research methodology, the proposed system introduces two interstellar‐based topology control system, which targets the maximum saving of resource consumption of the cluster head. The simulated outcome of the study shows that the proposed topology control system offers significant energy conservation performance in comparison to the existing hierarchical clustering scheme in WSN.
Functional trait similarity predicts survival in rare plant reintroductions
Authors: Ames Gregory M. , Wall Wade A. , Hohmann Matthew G. , Wright Justin P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRare species reintroductions are an increasingly common conservation strategy, but often result in poor survival of reintroduced individuals. Reintroduction sites are chosen primarily based on historical occupancy and/or abiotic properties of the site, with much less consideration given to properties of the larger biotic community. However, ecological niche theory suggests that the ability to coexist with other species is determined in part by the degree of functional similarity between species. The degree to which functional similarity affects the survival of reintroduced plants is poorly understood, but has important implications for the allocation of limited conservation resources. We collected a suite of abiotic, biotic, and functional trait variables centered on outplanted individuals from four reintroduced rare plant species and used logistic regression and model selection to assess their influence on individual survival. We show that higher functional similarity between reintroduced individuals and the local community, measured by differences between their multivariate functional traits and the community‐weighted mean traits of their immediate neighbors, increases survival and is a stronger predictor of survival than local variation in abiotic factors, suggesting that the functional composition of the biotic community should be incorporated into site selection to improve reintroduction success.
China's climate change policy: Central–local governmental interaction
Authors: Zhang Yunhan , Orbie Jan , Delputte Sarah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is indisputable that China has been a major actor in climate change. This raises the question: of which lens is most appropriate to gain an understanding of the recent changes in China's domestic climate change policy? Although there is insufficient attention paid to political science accounts of central–local relations in climate governance, this article aims to contribute to the theoretical research on Chinese climate change policy by developing and applying a theoretical framework. Using this novel theoretical framework based on systems theory, this article analyses the complex allocation of power and incentives between the central and local governments. Methodologically, this research is based on expert interviews with relevant officials, negotiators, scholars, climate nongovernmental organizations, and emitter companies. Our analysis reveals that this evolution has been a nonlinear process that has been substantially influenced by central–local governmental interactions. Specifically, we find two trial‐and‐error processes in the evolution of China's climate change policy. We conclude with some reflections on the wider implications of this recentralization trend for the long‐term sustainability of China's climate change policies.
Modeling and prediction of surface roughness using multiple regressions: A noncontact approach
Authors: Patel Dhiren R. , Kiran Mysore B. , Vakharia Vinay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the present work, a machine vision system is introduced, which captures images and extracts surface texture features of machined surfaces. The texture feature parameters are extracted using the gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix and correlated with different surface roughness parameters recorded by a contact‐type surface profilometer. The image acquisition carried out at different roughness levels in order to extract texture features. The variation between each texture features and surface roughness parameter is investigated. Multiple regression models are developed to predict the subjective estimation of surface roughness parameter (Ra) and qualitative detection of the degree of surface roughness. It is observed that the linear detection model shows better performance characteristics compared with a nonlinear detection model. The comparison between measured and predicted results shows that the linear detection model had a maximum relative error of 2.01%, drastically better than nonlinear detection model of −9.60% error parts, hence indicating better surface detection capability over the nonlinear detection model. The results demonstrate that the prediction of surface roughness using linear regression model is a reliable approach of noncontact measurement.
Does patient expectancy account for the cognitive and clinical benefits of mindfulness training in older adults?
Authors: Haddad Rita , Lenze Eric J. , Nicol Ginger , Miller J. Philip , Yingling Michael , Wetherell Julie Loebach 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesPatient expectations of treatment effects could influence neuropsychological and clinical outcomes in clinical trials of behavioral and lifestyle interventions, which could potentially confound the interpretation of findings. Our aim was to examine whether patient expectancy mediated effectiveness of Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for improving cognitive function and clinical outcome.MethodsThe present study uses data from a single‐blind, multi‐site, randomized controlled trial comparing MBSR to a health education attention control in older adults with anxiety and/or depressive disorders and subjective cognitive concerns. Using the Credibility and Expectations Questionnaire, we measured expectancy and perceived credibility of the interventions assigned to patients. Using mediational analysis, we examined the influence of expectancy and credibility on two key outcomes: memory performance and clinical global improvement.ResultsNeither expectancy nor perceived credibility of intervention accounted significantly for MBSR's effectiveness for memory test performance or clinical global improvement.ConclusionIn this clinical trial, expectancy for improvement did not account for the effectiveness of MBSR on memory performance or clinical outcomes in depressed and anxious older adults. We advise that clinical trials of behavioral and lifestyle interventions for brain health in older adults should measure and test the role of expectancy.
Stereotaxic endoscopy for the ocular imaging of awake, freely moving animal models
Authors: Paulson Bjorn , Lee Sangwook , Jue Miyeon , Lee Kyungsung , Lee Sanghwa , Kim Guk Bae , Moon Youngjin , Lee Joo Yong , Kim Namkug , Kim Jun Ki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStereotaxic instruments are increasingly used in research animals for the study of disease, but typically require restraints and anesthetic procedures. A stereotaxic head mount that enables imaging of the anterior chamber of the eye in alert and freely mobile mice is presented in this study. The head mount is fitted based on computed tomography scans and manufactured using 3D printing. The system is placed noninvasively using temporal mount bars and a snout mount, without breaking the skin or risking suffocation, while an instrument channel stabilizes the ocular probes. With a flexible micro‐endoscopic probe and a confocal scanning laser microscopy system, <20 μm resolution is achieved in vivo with a field of view of nearly 1 mm. Discomfort is minimal, and further adaptations for minimally invasive neuroscience, optogenetics and auditory studies are possible.
PKM2 regulates angiogenesis of VR‐EPCs through modulating glycolysis, mitochondrial fission, and fusion
Authors: Ren Ranyue , Guo Jiachao , Shi Jia , Tian Yong , Li Mengwei , Kang Hao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVascular resident endothelial progenitor cells (VR‐EPCs) have a certain ability to differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) and participate in the process of angiogenesis. Glycolysis and mitochondrial fission and fusion play a pivotal role in angiogenesis. Pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2 (PKM2), which mediates energy metabolism and mitochondrial morphology, is regarded as the focus of VR‐EPCs angiogenesis in our study. VR‐EPCs were isolated from the hearts of 12‐weeks‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats. The role of PKM2 on angiogenesis was evaluated by tube formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential detection, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the potential mechanism of PKM2 for regulating VR‐EPCs angiogenesis. We explored the function of PKM2 on the angiogenesis of VR‐EPCs. DASA‐58 (the activator of PKM2) promoted VR‐EPCs proliferation and PKM2 activity, it also could promote angiogenic differentiation. At the same time, DASA‐58 significantly enhanced glycolysis, mitochondrial fusion, slightly increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and maintained ROS at a low level. C3k, an inhibitor of PKM2, inhibited PKM2 activity, expression of angiogenesis‐related genes and tube formation. Besides, C3k drastically reduced glycolysis and mitochondrial membrane potential while significantly promoting mitochondrial fission and ROS level. Activation of PKM2 could promote VR‐EPCs angiogenesis through modulating glycolysis, mitochondrial fission and fusion. By contrast, PKM2 inhibitor has opposite effects.
Characterization of cell signaling, morphology, and differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells based on cell adhesion mechanism
Authors: Kang Jung‐Mi , Rajangam Thanavel , Rhie Jong‐Won , Kim Sang‐Heon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is essential to characterize the cellular properties of mesenchymal stem cell populations to maintain quality specifications and control in regenerative medicine. Biofunctional materials have been designed as artificial matrices for the stimulation of cell adhesion and specific cellular functions. We have developed recombinant maltose‐binding protein (MBP)‐fused proteins as artificial adhesion matrices to control human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) fate by using an integrin‐independent heparin sulfate proteoglycans‐mediated cell adhesion. In this study, we characterize cell adhesion‐dependent cellular behaviors of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) and human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs). We used an MBP‐fused basic fibroblast growth factor (MF)‐coated surface and fibronectin (FN)‐coated surface to restrict and support, respectively, integrin‐mediated adhesion. The cells adhered to MF exhibited restricted actin cytoskeleton organization and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. The hASCs and hBMSCs exhibited different cytoplasmic projection morphologies on MF. Both hASCs and hBMSCs differentiated more dominantly into osteogenic cells on FN than on MF. In contrast, hASCs differentiated more dominantly into adipogenic cells on MF than on FN, whereas hBMSCs differentiated predominantly into adipogenic cells on FN. The results indicate that hASCs exhibit a competitive differentiation potential (osteogenesis vs. adipogenesis) that depends on the cell adhesion matrix, whereas hBMSCs exhibit both adipogenesis and osteogenesis in integrin‐mediated adhesion and thus hBMSCs have noncompetitive differentiation potential. We suggest that comparing differentiation behaviors of hMSCs with the diversity of cell adhesion is an important way to characterize hMSCs for regenerative medicine.
Transforming growth factor‐β signaling, a potential mechanism associated with diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer?
Authors: Ma Xingyuan , Cui Zhiwei , Du Zhide , Lin Hui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a common malignant digestive disease. Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that pancreatic cancer is closely related to diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients are more likely to develop pancreatic cancer, which is linked with poor outcomes. Pancreatic cancer is complicated with abnormal blood sugar and insulin resistance and promotes the development of diabetes mellitus. Understanding the molecular mechanisms linking diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer is essential for the treatment of diabetes cancer patients. The transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling pathway is deregulated in cancer and has a dual role in different stages of cancer as a suppressor or a promoter. More important, The TGF‐β signaling pathway is also another important reason for diabetic complications. This review summarizes the relationship between diabetes and pancreatic cancer, in particular, focusing on the role of the TGF‐β signaling pathway. It is possible to find drugs like metformin that can prevent and treat pancreatic cancer by targeting the TGF‐β signaling pathway.
Δ1‐Pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase deficiency: An emergent multifaceted urea cycle‐related disorder
Authors: Marco‐Marín Clara , Escamilla‐Honrubia Juan M. , Llácer José L. , Seri Marco , Panza Emanuele , Rubio Vicente 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe bifunctional homooligomeric enzyme Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and its encoding gene ALDH18A1 were associated with disease in 1998. Two siblings who presented paradoxical hyperammonemia (alleviated by protein), mental disability, short stature, cataracts, cutis laxa, and joint laxity, were found to carry biallelic ALDH18A1 mutations. They showed biochemical indications of decreased ornithine/proline synthesis, agreeing with the role of P5CS in the biosynthesis of these amino acids. Of 32 patients reported with this neurocutaneous syndrome, 21 familial ones hosted homozygous or compound heterozygous ALDH18A1 mutations, while 11 sporadic ones carried de novo heterozygous ALDH18A1 mutations. In 2015 to 2016, an upper motor neuron syndrome (spastic paraparesis/paraplegia SPG9) complicated with some traits of the neurocutaneous syndrome, although without report of cutis laxa, joint laxity, or herniae, was associated with monoallelic or biallelic ALDH18A1 mutations with, respectively, dominant and recessive inheritance. Of 50 SPG9 patients reported, 14 and 36 (34/2 familial/sporadic) carried, respectively, biallelic and monoallelic mutations. Thus, two neurocutaneous syndromes (recessive and dominant cutis laxa 3, abbreviated ARCL3A and ADCL3, respectively) and two SPG9 syndromes (recessive SPG9B and dominant SPG9A) are caused by essentially different spectra of ALDH18A1 mutations. On the bases of the clinical data (including our own prior patients' reports), the ALDH18A1 mutations spectra, and our knowledge on the P5CS protein, we conclude that the four syndromes share the same pathogenic mechanisms based on decreased P5CS function. Thus, these syndromes represent a continuum of increasing severity (SPG9A < SPG9B < ADCL3 ≤ ARCL3A) of the same disease, P5CS deficiency, in which the dominant mutations cause loss‐of‐function by dominant‐negative mechanisms.
Distinct and shared gene expression for human innate versus adaptive helper lymphoid cells
Authors: Ercolano Giuseppe , Wyss Tania , Salomé Bérengère , Romero Pedro , Trabanelli Sara , Jandus Camilla 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the latest identified innate immune cell family. Given their similarity in transcription factor expression and cytokine secretion profiles, ILCs have been considered as the innate phenocopy of CD4 Th cells. Here, we explored the transcriptome of circulating human ILC subsets as opposed to CD4 Th cell subsets. We describe transcriptomic differences between total ILCs and total CD4 Th cells, as well as between paired innate and adaptive cell subsets (ILC1 vs. Th1; ILC2 vs. Th2; and ILC3 vs. Th17 cells). In particular, we observed differences in expression of genes involved in cell trafficking such as CCR1, CCR6 and CXCR3, innate activation and inhibitory functions, including CD119, 2B4, TIGIT, and CTLA-4, and neuropeptide receptors, such as VIPR2. Moreover, we report for the first time on distinct expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in innate vs. adaptive cells, arguing for a potential role of lncRNA in shaping human ILC biology. Altogether, our results point for unique, rather than redundant gene organization in ILCs compared to CD4 Th cells, in regard to kinetics, fine-tuning and spatial organization of the immune response.
Zonal displacement of the Western North Pacific subtropical high from early to late summer
Authors: Dong Xiao , He Chao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe zonal shift in the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) is closely associated with moisture transport in East Asia and is thus an important factor that determines the amount of summer precipitation in the region. Climatologically, the WNPSH retreats eastward from early to late summer. However, there is high variability in the early to late summer shift in the WNPSH from year to year. Thus, the interannual variability in the intraseasonal zonal displacement of WNPSH from early to late summer was examined in this study. The results showed that the intraseasonal shift in the WNPSH from early to late summer was almost unrelated to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal, although previous studies have claimed that ENSO can modulate the variation in the summer mean WNPSH. More specifically, the El Niño or La Niña years were not predictive of how the WNPSH would shift zonally from early to late summer. Otherwise, the zonal displacements of the WNPSH were more of mid‐latitude origin. In the strongly retreating years (SRY), the mid‐latitude wave train was much more significant than that in the weakly retreating years (WRY). The mid‐latitude wave train was reminiscent of the Silk Road teleconnection pattern (SRP). In the SRY, the centres of the wave trains had opposite signs in early and late summer, which resulted in the opposite features of the WNPSH between early and late summer. The consistency of the three reanalysis datasets confirmed the robustness of our results.