bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights on the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair
Authors: Huang Shuo , Jin Min , Su Nan , Chen Lin 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBone possesses a remarkable repair capacity to regenerate completely without scar tissue formation. This unique characteristic, expressed during bone development, maintenance and injury (fracture) healing, is performed by the reparative cells including skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and their descendants. However, the identity and functional roles of SSCs remain controversial due to technological difficulties and the heterogeneity and plasticity of SSCs. Moreover, for many years, there has been a biased view that bone marrow is the main cell source for bone repair. Together, these limitations have greatly hampered our understanding of these important cell populations and their potential applications in the treatment of fractures and skeletal diseases. Here, we reanalyse and summarize current understanding of the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair and outline recent progress in this area, with a particular emphasis on the temporal and spatial process of fracture healing, the sources of reparative cells, an updated definition of SSCs, and markers of skeletal stem/progenitor cells contributing to the repair of craniofacial and long bones, as well as the debate between SSCs and pericytes. Finally, we also discuss the existing problems, emerging novel technologies and future research directions in this field.
Racial inequities in tooth loss among older Brazilian adults: A decomposition analysis
Authors: Bomfim Rafael Aiello , Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola , de Andrade Fabiola Bof , Lima‐Costa Maria Fernanda , Corrêa Vanessa Pereira , Frazão Paulo , Watt Richard Geddie , Bastos João Luiz , de Oliveira Cesar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the extent to which racial inequities in tooth loss and functional dentition are explained by individual socioeconomic status, smoking status and frequency/reason for the use of dental services.MethodsData came from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a nationally representative sample of community‐dwelling people aged 50 years and over. Tooth loss and functional dentition (ie 20+ natural teeth) were the outcomes. The main explanatory variable was self‐classified race. Covariates included dental visits in the past 12 months, dental visits for check‐ups only, smoking status, self‐reported chronic conditions, depression and cognitive function. Logistic regression and Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition analysis were used to estimate the share of each factor in race‐related tooth loss inequities.ResultsThe analytical sample comprised of 7126 respondents. While the prevalence of functional dentition in White Brazilians was 37% (95% CI: 33.5;40.9), it was 29% (95% CI: 26.4;31.6) among Browns and 30% (95% CI: 25.1;35.4) among Blacks. The average number of lost teeth among Whites, Browns and Blacks were 18.7 (95% CI: 17.8;19.6), 20.4 (95% CI: 19.7;21.1) and 20.8 (95% CI: 19.5;22.0), respectively. Decomposition analysis showed that the selected covariates explained 71% of the racial inequalities in tooth loss. Dental visits in the previous year and smoking status explained nearly half of race‐related gaps. Other factors, such as per capita income, education and cognitive status, also had an important contribution to the examined inequalities. The proportion of racial inequities in tooth loss that was explained by dental visits (frequency and reason) and smoking status decreased from 40% for those 50‐59 years of age to 22% among participants aged 70‐79 years.ConclusionsFrequency and reason for dental visits and smoking status explained nearly half of the racial inequity in tooth loss among Brazilian older adults. The Brazilian Family Health Strategy Program should target older adults from racial groups living in deprived areas.
The effect of human leukocyte antigen A1 and B35‐Cw4 on sustained BK polyomavirus DNAemia after renal transplantation
Authors: Hosseini‐Moghaddam Seyed M. , Xu Qingyong , Jevnikar Anthony M. , House Andrew A. , Luke Patrick , Campigotto Aaron , Kum Jina J.Y. , Singh Gagandeep , Alharbi Hajed , Speechley Mark R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presentation pathway plays a central role in natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic T‐cell activities against BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) DNAemia. We determined the risk of sustained BKPyV DNAemia in 175 consecutive renal transplant recipients considering the simultaneous effect of donor/recipient HLA class I antigens and pre‐ or post‐transplant variables. Median (IQR) age was 53 (44‐64) years, and 37% of patients were female. 40 patients (22.9%) developed sustained BKPyV DNAemia [median (IQR) viral load: 9740 (4350‐17 125) copies/ml]. In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, HLA‐A1 (HR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.51‐6.17) and HLA‐B35‐Cw4 (HR: 4.63, 95% CI: 2.12‐10.14) significantly increased the risk of sustained BKPyV DNAemia, while 2 HLA‐C mismatches provided a marginally protective effect (HR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.10‐0.98). HLA‐Cw4 is a ligand for NK cell inhibitory receptor, and HLA‐B35 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with the HLA‐Cw4 allele. The association between HLA‐B35‐Cw4 expression and sustained BKPyV DNAemia supports the important role of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells that would normally control BKPyV activation through engagement with immunoglobulin‐like killer receptors (KIRs). Further studies are required to investigate the effect of HLA‐C alleles along with NK cell activity against BKPyV DNAemia.
Associated factors of co‐existent pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer: A case‐control study
Authors: Zheng Lijun , Yin Jinfeng , Wang Siyi , Jiang Hui , Hu Puqi , Kang Ziqing , Lv Pingxin , Li Weimin , Cai Chao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the incidence of co‐existent pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and lung cancer in China is increasing, risk factors related to its development are still poorly understood. We aimed to investigate which clinical factors were associated with the odds of co‐existent PTB and lung cancer (PTB‐lung cancer) cases in a case‐control study.MethodA total of 125 PTB‐lung cancer patients were enrolled by Beijing Chest Hospital as the case group between January 2012 and December 2016. Age‐ and sex‐matched PTB‐only (N = 125) and lung cancer‐only (N = 125) patients were selected as the control groups. Data were collected from the medical records and computed tomography (CT) reports. The case group was further categorized into three sub‐groups according to the diagnosis intervals between previous PTB and lung cancer (<1 year, 1‐10 years, and > 10 years).ResultCompared with both controls of PTB‐only and lung cancer‐only patients, the PTB‐lung cancer case group had significantly higher proportions of patients with irritant cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, fever and CT features of irregular mass and pleural thickening. For PTB patients, fibrous calcification (OR, 2.193; 95%CI, 1.168‐4.117) was associated with higher odds of lung cancer (P‐value < .05).ConclusionDistinct clinical symptoms and CT tests may help with the early diagnosis of PTB‐lung cancer cases. PTB patients with fibrous calcification may have a higher risk of lung cancer. Further multicenter prospective studies are required to validate our findings.
Early indicators of primary brain tumours: a population‐based study with 10 years’ follow‐up
Authors: Marku M. , Rasmussen B. K. , Dalton S. O. , Johansen C. , Hamerlik P. , Andersen K. K. , Meier S. M. , Bidstrup P. E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeTo improve diagnoses of primary brain tumours, knowledge about early indicators is needed. Nationwide Danish health registries were used to conduct a population‐based case–control study including all persons diagnosed with a primary brain tumour between 2005 and 2014 in Denmark.MethodsAll 5135 adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumour in the Danish Cancer Registry were matched to 19 572 general population comparisons from the Danish Civil Registration System. Conditional logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate age‐ and multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the occurrence of a primary brain tumour up to 10 years after hospital diagnoses or prescription of medications related to nervous system diseases and mental and behavioural disorders.ResultsIncreased odds for primary brain tumour after nervous system diseases and mental and behavioural disorders manifested up to 10 years before tumour diagnosis were found. Increased odds were seen especially for hospital contacts for inflammatory nervous system diseases [OR 11.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.5–19.7], epilepsy (OR 9.0; 95% CI 7.6–10.7) and antiepileptic medications (OR 3.6; 95% CI 3.2–4.0), whilst antidementia medications provided a strong, protective association for primary brain tumours (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–0.8).ConclusionsSub‐groups of patients diagnosed with or being prescribed certain medications targeting nervous system diseases and mental and behavioural disorders may be at increased risk of being diagnosed with a primary brain tumour. Further studies should disentangle the potential underlying common pathogenetic pathways. The results are important for the development of systematic clinical approaches to ensure early diagnosis of primary brain tumours.
Quitters would not prosper: Examining the relationship between online assessment performance and assessment attrition behavior
Authors: Hardy Jay H. , Gibson Carter , Carr Alison , Dudley Nikki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHiring managers are often hesitant to implement online assessments over concerns that higher‐quality candidates are more likely to quit lengthy assessment batteries than lower‐quality candidates. In this paper, we present the results of two studies that collectively challenge this assumption. In Study 1, data from 327,517 job‐seekers spanning eight hiring contexts showed that assessment performance was negatively associated with subsequent assessment attrition behavior. In Study 2, we replicated this pattern of effects in two additional samples comprising 1,844,604 applicants for hourly associate positions, and 18,937 applicants for nursing positions. Collectively, these findings suggest that some degree of attrition may ultimately benefit, rather than harm, organizations using prehire assessments.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 8‐10
Authors: Aydinoglu Sema , Arslan Ipek , Karan Nazife Begum , Dogan Tugce 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundA reliable measurement tool is needed to gain more knowledge about Turkish children's oral health status that affects the quality of life.AimTo develop a translated version of CPQ8‐10 into Turkish language and evaluate its reliability, validity, and reproducibility.DesignThe intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for the test‐retest reliability in the 50 children. For the internal consistency, 418 children aged 8‐10 years were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha Coefficient. Construct validity and discriminant validity were calculated using Spearman's correlation analysis, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also employed.ResultsThe mean CPQ8‐10 score was 13.3 ± 9.2. The translated Turkish version of CPQ8‐10 showed high test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.90) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82). A statistically significant correlation was observed between the scores of the CPQ8‐10 and oral health and overall well‐being, which revealed good construct validity (r = 0.50; P < .001 and r = 0.47; P < .001, respectively). Seven factors identified from EFA were statistically verified using CFA. Discriminant validity was supported by significant differences between CPQ and OHIS scores (P < .001).ConclusionsThe translated version of CPQ8‐10 to the Turkish language is reliable, valid, and reproducible for use in the Turkish culture in this age group.
Nutritional profile and in vitro immunomodulatory activity of protein extract from goat placenta and fermented extraction residual
Authors: Hou Yinchen , Yang Shengru , Huang Jihong , Xu Qianying , Liao Aimei , Zhong Qiufan , Li Mengxing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe goat placenta has exhibited bioactive properties, but it is underutilized. In this study, the protein was extracted from goat placenta and the extraction residual were fermented by Bacillus subtilis. The placenta protein extract and fermented extraction residual were evaluated with their in vitro immunomodulatory activity (characterized by stimulation index [SI]) at different pH and temperature and nutritional profiles. For placenta protein extract, multiple factors were studied and the optimal conditions for maximal SI were obtained under a response surface methodology. The maximal stimulation index reached 132% for placenta protein extract. For fermented extraction residual, the SI reached 19% at 35 hr fermentation. For the stability of immunomodulatory activity, the optimal temperature and pH for protein extract were 30°C and 7. The fermented extraction residual showed higher temperature and pH stability than protein extract. For nutritional profiles, all essential amino acids were present in the placenta protein extract and fermented extraction residual. After extraction, protein extract showed higher amino acid scores than raw placenta. This study provided references for the utilization of goat placenta for producing valuable protein products for application in food and pharmaceutical industries.Practical applicationsChina is abundant in goat placenta resources. The annual output of goat in China exceeds 200 million and more than 5 million goat placentas are available. The goat placenta containing more than 80% protein and many kinds of amino acids, possess high nutritional value. However, the lack of deep‐processing technology gives rise to most of the goat placenta being thrown away as garbage, so the utilization rate is less than 3%. It is of great practical significance to fully develop and utilize goat placenta and there will be wide marketing prospects. This study provided references for the utilization of goat placenta for producing valuable protein products for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Assessment of the technique of the anesthetic block of the Brachial Plexus by Supraclavicular approach in Sapajus libidinosus (SPIX, 1823)
Authors: de La Salles Ana Yasha Ferreira , de Andrade Jéssica Kária , Cordeiro Jefferson Farias , Carreiro Artur da Nóbrega , Rodrigues Falcão Brunna Muniz , de Brito Freitas Kelvis , Menezes Danilo José A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of study was to evaluate the efficacy of the supraclavicular brachial plexus block technique in Sapajus libidinosus.MethodsWere used eight animals, which were sedated, anesthetized, kept under hypnosis, and submitted to plexus block using a neurolocalizer. The physiological parameters, the nociception and response threshold (mA), were evaluated before and after the block. The response to electrical stimulation and cutaneous sensitivity were evaluated. The groups were compared by the Tukey or Friedman test at 5%.ResultsThe technique promoted blockage of the plexus, and movement of the thoracic limb in response to electrical stimulation decreased after 10 minutes. The applied milliampere increased after 5 minutes. The cutaneous sensitivity reflex decreased. The average time of return of spontaneous limb movement exceeded 50 minutes.ConclusionsThe use of 5mg/kg of lidocaine 2% promoted loss of cutaneous sensitivity and limb muscle relaxation during the evaluation period.
Anatomy of the paranasal sinuses of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus Linnaeus, 1758) and radiographic positioning for diagnosis of these structures
Authors: de Souza Joyce Galvão , Figuerêdo Moana Barbosa dos Santos , Falcão Brunna Muniz Rodrigues , Batista Luan Nascimento , Carreiro Artur da Nóbrega , Araújo Débora Vitória Fernandes de , Neto Temístocles Soares de Oliveira , Medeiros Gildenor Xavier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCallithrix jacchus, it is a species highly targeted by wild animal traffickers and, when apprehended, they need veterinary care. For safe therapeutic procedures, knowledge of anatomy is essential, as well as for diagnostic by imaging, good radiographic positioning is essential.MethodsThe anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and the radiographic projections was described using 10 carcasses of common marmosets. Radiographs were taken in two panoramic views of their head: profile and frontal‐naso. For the anatomical study, paramedian and transverse macroscopic sections and microscopic transverse sections were performed.ResultsOn the radiographs, it was possible to identify the frontal recess and maxillary sinuses in profile and frontal‐naso incidences. In the anatomical study, the frontal recess and maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid paranasal sinuses were identified.ConclusionsThe ethmoidal sinus could be observed only microscopically and the sphenoidal sinus difficult to see on the radiography due to the overlapping adjoining structures.
Cost‐effectiveness of screening and treatment using direct‐acting antivirals for chronic Hepatitis C virus in a primary care setting in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Mafirakureva Nyashadzaishe , Lim Aaron G. , Khalid Gul Ghuttai , Aslam Khawar , Campbell Linda , Zahid Hassaan , Van den Bergh Rafael , Falq Gregoire , Fortas Camille , Wailly Yves , Auat Rosa , Donchuk Dmytro , Loarec Anne , Coast Joanna , Vickerman Peter , Walker Josephine G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the availability of effective direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatments for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, many people remain undiagnosed and untreated. We assessed the cost‐effectiveness of a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) HCV screening and treatment programme within a primary health clinic in Karachi, Pakistan. A health state transition Markov model was developed to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of the MSF programme. Programme cost and outcome data were analysed retrospectively. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated in terms of incremental cost (2016 US$) per disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) averted from the provider's perspective over a lifetime horizon. The robustness of the model was evaluated using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA). The ICER for implementing testing and treatment compared to no programme was US$450/DALY averted, with 100% of PSA runs falling below the per capita Gross Domestic Product threshold for cost‐effective interventions for Pakistan (US$1,422). The ICER increased to US$532/DALY averted assuming national HCV seroprevalence (5.5% versus 33% observed in the intervention). If the cost of liver disease care was included (adapted from resource use data from Cambodia which has similar GDP to Pakistan), the ICER dropped to US$148/DALY, while it became cost‐saving if a recently negotiated reduced drug cost of $75/treatment course was assumed (versus $282 in base‐case) in addition to cost of liver disease care. In conclusion, screening and DAA treatment for HCV infection are expected to be highly cost‐effective in Pakistan, supporting the expansion of similar screening and treatment programmes across Pakistan.
Evaluation of growth, sex (male proportion; sexual dimorphism), and color segregation in four cross combinations of different strains of XX female and YY male Nile Tilapia
Authors: Novelo Noel D. , Gomelsky Boris , Coyle Shawn D. , Kramer Alexander G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFour cross combinations of different YY male and female Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus strains were evaluated for growth, sex, and color segregation. Red color parental strains included blotched phenotypes. The Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) was the only dark (wild‐type) color parental strain. Fish of the same age and cross were stocked in three replicate tanks for four crosses in one recirculating system for 167 days. Data recorded included feed consumed, body weight, total length, color, sex, and fillet weight. YY males crossed with GIFT females (Cross 2) exhibited superior growth that was significantly different (p < .05) to other three crosses. Male proportions were 79–100%. Only YY males crossed with the LSA female strain (Cross 4) yielded 100% males, but, Cross 4's productivity was inferior to that of Cross 2. Body weight advantage of males over females was 28.7–84.2%. Color segregation indicated that red color trait in Nile Tilapia is autosomal dominant, and black patch coverage was variable. This study showed that different parental strain combinations clearly impact productivity traits, and that YY male technology combined with crossbreeding provide the opportunity for genetic improvement and development of commercially beneficial superior traits in Nile Tilapia.
Reply to Meyers, Cahoone, Colapietro, and Pratt
Authors: Wallace Kathleen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper responds to four commentators (Diana Tietjens Meyers, Lawrence Cahoone, Vincent Colapietro, and Scott L. Pratt) on my bookThe Network Self: Relation, Process, and Personal Identity(2019). Aspects of the book focused on and about which I respond include reflexive communication (Meyers); identity and integrity (Cahoone); embodiment, self‐deception, and autonomy (Colapietro); and social location and power (Pratt). I also clarify my strategy in the book, namely, to shift the ontological framework away from the dualistic mind/body or psychological/animalist distinction and embrace the idea that as relational processes selves are particular kinds of natural complexes (to use a term from Justus Buchler). In doing so, I aim to avoid metaphysically narrow views of human selves or persons, and to provide a framework for conceptualizing selves in both abstract and practical terms.
Acclimation of leaf respiration temperature responses across thermally contrasting biomes
Authors: Zhu Lingling , Bloomfield Keith J. , Asao Shinichi , Tjoelker Mark G. , Egerton John J.G. , Hayes Lucy , Weerasinghe Lasantha K. , Creek Danielle , Griffin Kevin L. , Hurry Vaughan , Liddell Michael , Meir Patrick , Turnbull Matthew H. , Atkin Owen K. 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Short‐term temperature response curves of leaf dark respiration (R–T) provide insights into a critical process that influences plant net carbon exchange. This includes how respiratory traits acclimate to sustained changes in the environment.

Our study analysed 860 high‐resolution R–T (10–70°C range) curves for: (a) 62 evergreen species measured in two contrasting seasons across several field sites/biomes; and (b) 21 species (subset of those sampled in the field) grown in glasshouses at 20°C : 15°C, 25°C : 20°C and 30°C : 25°C, day : night.

In the field, across all sites/seasons, variations in R25 (measured at 25°C) and the leaf T where R reached its maximum (Tmax) were explained by growth T (mean air‐T of 30‐d before measurement), solar irradiance and vapour pressure deficit, with growth T having the strongest influence. R25 decreased and Tmax increased with rising growth T across all sites and seasons with the single exception of winter at the cool‐temperate rainforest site where irradiance was low. The glasshouse study confirmed that R25 and Tmax thermally acclimated.

Collectively, the results suggest: (1) thermal acclimation of leaf R is common in most biomes; and (2) the high T threshold of respiration dynamically adjusts upward when plants are challenged with warmer and hotter climates.