bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perkutane Leberbiopsie vor Organentnahme – Einfluss auf Organallokation und Kosten in der Lebertransplantation
Authors: Beltzer Christian , Quante Markus , Rheinberger Myriam , Baba Hideo Andreas , Saner Fuat , Fend Falko , Biet Thomas , Königsrainer Alfred , Nadalin Silvio 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Stellenwert und die Sicherheit einer perkutanen Leberbiopsie (PLB) bei hirntoten Spendern vor Organentnahme sowie der Einfluss der PLB auf die Organallokation und die Kosten im Rahmen der Lebertransplantation (LT) in der Eurotransplant-Region (ET), werden weiterhin diskutiert.

Material und Methoden
Eine perkutane Leberbiopsie vor Organentnahme erfolgte bei 36 hirntoten Spendern. Die Komplikationsrate, Spendercharakteristika, Ultraschallbefunde, die makroskopische Einschätzung und die histologischen Ergebnisse der PLB wurden analysiert. Zusätzlich wurde eine landesweite Umfrage unter 11 Lebertransplantationsexperten durchgeführt. Der Bedarf einer PLB und ihre Auswirkungen auf den Prozess der Organallokation wurden evaluiert. Mögliche Kosteneinsparungen wurden für verschiedene Szenarien auf der Grundlage von Kostendaten der Deutschen Stiftung Organtransplantation berechnet.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden keine Komplikationen durch die PLB beobachtet. Die Umfrage ergab, dass das Ergebnis der PLB einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Allokation von Spenderorganen hat, insbesondere bei solchen mit „extended donor criteria (EDC)“. Die Kostenberechnung ergab ein enormes Kosteneinsparungspotenzial durch eine optimierte Allokation und die Vermeidung unnötiger Organentnahmen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die PLB ist ein sicheres Verfahren und besitzt ein enormes Potenzial für die Optimierung der Organallokation vor Organentnahme durch eine Reduzierung der kalten Ischämiezeit, Vermeidung unnötiger Verwerfungen von Spenderorganen sowie Kosteneinsparungen. Die klinische Relevanz und der Einfluss der PLB auf die Organallokation konnte durch unsere Daten herausgestellt werden.
Variational sensitivity analysis of elastoplastic structures applied to optimal shape of specimens
Authors: Liedmann Jan , Barthold Franz-Joseph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to improve the shape of specimens for biaxial experiments with respect to optimal stress states, characterized by the stress triaxiality. Gradient-based optimization strategies are used to achieve this goal. Thus, it is crucial to know how the stress state changes if the geometric shape of the specimen is varied. The design sensitivity analysis (DSA) of the stress triaxiality is performed using a variational approach based on an enhanced kinematic concept that offers a rigorous separation of structural and physical quantities. In the present case of elastoplastic material behavior, the deformation history has to be taken into account for the structural analysis as well as for the determination of response sensitivities. The presented method is flexible in terms of the choice of design variables. In a first step, the approach is used to identify material parameters. Thus, material parameters are chosen as design variables. Subsequently, the design parameters are chosen as geometric quantities so as to optimize the specimen shape with the aim to obtain a preferably homogeneous stress triaxiality distribution in the relevant cross section of the specimen.
Ricci-Flat Metrics on Vector Bundles Over Flag Manifolds
Authors: Achmed-Zade Ismail , Bykov Dmitri 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe construct explicit complete Ricci-flat metrics on the total spaces of certain vector bundles over flag manifolds of the group SU(n), for all Kähler classes. These metrics are natural generalizations of the metrics of Candelas–de la Ossa on the conifold, Pando Zayas–Tseytlin on the canonical bundle over $$\mathbb {CP}^1\times \mathbb {CP}^1$$CP1×CP1, as well as the metrics on canonical bundles over flag manifolds, recently constructed by van Coevering.
Determination of the absolute bioavailability of oral imatinib using a stable isotopically labeled intravenous imatinib-d8 microdose
Authors: Roosendaal Jeroen , Groenland Stefanie L. , Rosing Hilde , Lucas Luc , Venekamp Nikkie , Nuijen Bastiaan , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Beijnen Jos H. , Steeghs Neeltje 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the absolute bioavailability of oral imatinib (Glivec®) during steady state plasma pharmacokinetics in cancer patients could be determined through a concomitant intravenous administration of a single 100 μg microdose of deuterium labeled imatinib (imatinib-d8). Secondly, the usefulness of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was investigated for simultaneous analysis of orally and intravenously administered imatinib.

Methods
Included patients were on a stable daily dose of 400 mg oral imatinib prior to study participation. On day 1, patients received a 100 μg intravenous imatinib-d8 microdose 2.5 h after intake of the oral dose. Plasma samples were collected for 48 h. Imatinib and imatinib-d8 concentrations were simultaneously quantified using a validated LC-MS/MS assay. The absolute bioavailability was calculated by comparing the dose-normalized exposure with unlabeled and stable isotopically labeled imatinib in plasma.

Results
A total of six patients were enrolled. All patients had a history of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). The median absolute bioavailability of oral imatinib at steady state was 76% (range 44–106%). Imatinib and imatinib-d8 plasma concentrations were quantified in all collected plasma samples, with no samples below the limit of quantification for imatinib-d8.

Conclusion
The absolute bioavailability of imatinib was successfully estimated at steady state plasma pharmacokinetics using the stable isotopically labeled microdose trial design. This study exhibits the use of a stable isotopically labeled intravenous microdose to determine the absolute bioavailability of an oral anticancer agent in patients with LC-MS/MS as the analytical tool.
Kinetic modeling and parametric imaging with dynamic PET for oncological applications: general considerations, current clinical applications, and future perspectives
Authors: Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia , Pan Leyun , Sachpekidis Christos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDynamic PET (dPET) studies have been used until now primarily within research purposes. Although it is generally accepted that the information provided by dPET is superior to that of conventional static PET acquisitions acquired usually 60 min post injection of the radiotracer, the duration of dynamic protocols, the limited axial field of view (FOV) of current generation clinical PET systems covering a relatively small axial extent of the human body for a dynamic measurement, and the complexity of data evaluation have hampered its implementation into clinical routine. However, the development of new-generation PET/CT scanners with an extended FOV as well as of more sophisticated evaluation software packages that offer better segmentation algorithms, automatic retrieval of the arterial input function, and automatic calculation of parametric imaging, in combination with dedicated shorter dynamic protocols, will facilitate the wider use of dPET. This is expected to aid in oncological diagnostics and therapy assessment. The aim of this review is to present some general considerations about dPET analysis in oncology by means of kinetic modeling, based on compartmental and noncompartmental approaches, and parametric imaging. Moreover, the current clinical applications and future perspectives of the modality are outlined.
Morbidity and Mortality of Typhoid Intestinal Perforation Among Children in Sub‐Saharan Africa 1995–2019: A Scoping Review
Authors: Birkhold Megan , Coulibaly Yacaria , Coulibaly Oumar , Dembélé Philadelphie , Kim Daniel S. , Sow Samba , Neuzil Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTyphoid fever incidence and complications, including intestinal perforation, have declined significantly in high‐income countries, with mortality rates <1%. However, an estimated 10.9 million cases still occur annually, most in low‐ and middle‐income countries. With the availability of a new typhoid conjugate vaccine licensed for children and recommended by the World Health Organization, understanding severe complications, including associated mortality rates, is essential to inform country‐level decisions on introduction of this vaccine. This scoping review summarizes over 20 years of the literature on typhoid intestinal perforation in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsWe searched EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases for studies reporting mortality rates due to typhoid intestinal perforation in children, under 18 years old, in sub‐Saharan Africa published from January 1995 through June 2019.ResultsTwenty‐four papers from six countries were included. Reported mortality rates ranged from 4.6–75%, with 16 of the 24 studies between 11 and 30%. Thirteen papers included postoperative morbidity rates, ranging from 16–100%. The most documented complications included surgical site infections, intra‐abdominal abscesses, and enterocutaneous fistulas. High mortality rates can be attributed to late presentation to tertiary centers, sepsis and electrolyte abnormalities requiring preoperative resuscitation, prolonged perforation‐to‐surgery interval, and lack of access to critical care or an intensive care unit postoperatively.ConclusionsCurrent estimates of mortality related to typhoid intestinal perforation among children in sub‐Saharan Africa remain unacceptably high. Prevention of typhoid fever is essential to reduce mortality, with the ultimate goal of a comprehensive approach that utilizes vaccination, improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene, and greater access to surgical care.
Emergency Laparotomy in Denmark: A Nationwide Descriptive Study
Authors: Liljendahl Mie S. , Gögenur Ismail , Thygesen Lau C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe term ‘emergency open abdominal surgery’ covers a range of common procedures with high complication and mortality risks; however, previous studies have not included descriptive analyses of the patients undergoing the procedures. The aim of this study is to present a nationwide description of all patients who undergo an emergency bowel resection, ostomy placement or drainage involving laparotomy at Danish hospitals and to report the 30‐ and 365‐day mortality risks.MethodWe identified all of the patients in the Danish National Patient Register aged 18 + who underwent emergency open abdominal surgery in the form of a laparotomy during the period 2003‐14. Using Poisson and logistic regression models, we analyzed incidence rates and mortality risk.ResultThe sample consisted of 15,680 patients, with an overall open abdominal surgery incidence rate of 30.4 cases per 100,000 person‐years. The 30‐day mortality risk was 19.3% for both sexes, and increased with age (at 80–89, mortality risk was 39.4% for males and 34.5% for females). The 30‐day mortality risk fell by 5.4% during the study period, from 22.2% to 16.7%.ConclusionOpen abdominal surgery is a common, high‐risk procedure with a high incidence rate and mortality risk, especially for elderly patients. The incidence rate and mortality risk fell during the period studied. In Denmark, there is no standard post‐discharge care program for patients who undergo emergency laparotomies. Our results support the need to investigate standardized post‐operative follow‐up and rehabilitation plans to reduce mortality.
A Novel Technique to Predict Liver Damage After Laparoscopic Gastrectomy From the Stomach Volume Overlapping the Liver by Preoperative Computed Tomography
Authors: Kaida Sachiko , Murakami Yoko , Ohta Shinichi , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Takebayashi Katsushi , Murata Satoshi , Nitta Norihisa , Shimizu Tomoharu , Tani Masaji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG), it is necessary to manipulate the lateral segment of the liver to secure the surgical field. Liver retraction during surgery often causes liver dysfunction after LG. However, no previous studies have used preoperative image evaluations to predict postoperative liver damage associated with surgical retraction. We aimed to predict postoperative liver damage after LG.MethodsIn all, 117 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent LG were included in this study. Using preoperative computed tomography (CT), the volume of the stomach overlapping the liver was integrated and calculated as the liver projecting stomach volume (LPSV). The liver projection ratio (LPR) was calculated by dividing the LPSV by the volume of the whole stomach. The relationships among liver damage, the LPSV and LPR were evaluated.ResultsA total of 112 patients were divided into two groups as follows: 33 patients in the liver dysfunction group (D group) and 79 patients in the non‐dysfunction group (N group). The LPSV was significantly larger in the D group than in the N group (median 77.1 vs 50.1 cm3; p = 0.0061). Similarly, LPR values in the D group were significantly higher than those in the N group (median 33.6 vs 26.2%; p = 0.003). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated a statistically significant ability of the LPSV and LPR to predict postoperative liver damage (area under the curve; 0.705 and 0.735, respectively). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the increase in the LPR was an independent predictor of postoperative liver damage (odds ratio: 1.042; 95% confidence interval: 1.009–1.078; p = 0.019).ConclusionsWe have developed a novel technique for predicting postoperative liver damage associated with surgical liver retraction following LG. This method confirms the degree of the LPSV and LPR of the stomach via preoperative CT.
The effect of vertical ocean mixing on the tropical Atlantic in a coupled global climate model
Authors: Deppenmeier Anna-Lena , Haarsma Rein J. , LeSager Philippe , Hazeleger Wilco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) biases in the tropical Atlantic are a long-standing problem among coupled global climate models (CGCMs). They occur in equilibrated state, as well as in initialised seasonal to decadal simulations. The bias is typically characterised by too high SST in upwelling regions and associated errors of wind and precipitation. We examine the SST bias in the state-of-the-art CGCM EC-Earth by means of an upper ocean heat budget analysis. Horizontal advection processes affect the SST bias development only to a small extent, and surface heat fluxes mostly dampen the warm bias. Subgrid-scale upper ocean vertical mixing is too low in EC-Earth when compared to estimates from reanalysis data, potentially giving rise to the warm bias. We perform sensitivity experiments to examine the effect of enhanced vertical mixing on the SST bias in quasi equilibrium present day climate and its impact on projected climate change. Enhanced mixing in historical simulation mode ($${\text {MixUp}}_{pr}$$

MixUp

pr

) reduces the SST bias in the tropical Atlantic compared to the control experiment ($${\text {Control}}_{pr}$$

Control

pr

). Associated atmospheric biases of precipitation and surface winds are also reduced in $${\text {MixUp}}_{pr}$$

MixUp

pr

. We further perform climate projections under the RCP8.5 emission scenario ($${\text {Control}}_{fu}$$

Control

fu

and $${\text {MixUp}}_{fu}$$

MixUp

fu

). Under increasing greenhouse gas forcing, the tropical Atlantic warms by up to $$4.5\,^{\circ }{\text {C}}$$

4.5

∘

C

locally, and maritime precipitation increases in boreal winter and spring. We show that the vertical mixing parameterisation influences future climate. In $${\text {MixUp}}_{fu}$$

MixUp

fu

, SSTs remain $$0.5\,^{\circ }{\text {C}}$$

0.5

∘

C

colder in boreal winter and spring, but increase with the same amplitude in summer and fall. The strength and location of the projected intertropical convergence zone also depends on the ocean vertical mixing efficiency. The rain band moves southward in summer, and its strength increases in winter in $${\text {MixUp}}_{fu}$$

MixUp

fu

as compared to $${\text {Control}}_{fu}$$

Control

fu

.
Horsefly reactions to black surfaces: attractiveness to male and female tabanids versus surface tilt angle and temperature
Authors: Horváth Gábor , Pereszlényi Ádám , Egri Ádám , Fritz Benjamin , Guttmann Markus , Lemmer Uli , Gomard Guillaume , Kriska György 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are attracted to shiny black targets, prefer warmer hosts against colder ones and generally attack them in sunshine. Horizontally polarised light reflected from surfaces means water for water-seeking male and female tabanids. A shiny black target above the ground, reflecting light with high degrees and various directions of linear polarisation is recognised as a host animal by female tabanids seeking for blood. Since the body of host animals has differently oriented surface parts, the following question arises: How does the attractiveness of a tilted shiny black surface to male and female tabanids depend on the tilt angle δ? Another question relates to the reaction of horseflies to horizontal black test surfaces with respect to their surface temperature. Solar panels, for example, can induce horizontally polarised light and can reach temperatures above 55 °C. How long times would horseflies stay on such hot solar panels? The answer of these questions is important not only in tabanid control, but also in the reduction of polarised light pollution caused by solar panels. To study these questions, we performed field experiments in Hungary in the summer of 2019 with horseflies and black sticky and dry test surfaces. We found that the total number of trapped (male and female) tabanids is highest if the surface is horizontal (δ = 0°), and it is minimal at δ = 75°. The number of trapped males decreases monotonously to zero with increasing δ, while the female catch has a primary maximum and minimum at δ = 0° and δ = 75°, respectively, and a further secondary peak at δ = 90°. Both sexes are strongly attracted to nearly horizontal (0° ≤ δ ≤ 15°) surfaces, and the vertical surface is also very attractive but only for females. The numbers of touchdowns and landings of tabanids are practically independent of the surface temperature T. The time period of tabanids spent on the shiny black horizontal surface decreases with increasing T so that above 58 °C tabanids spent no longer than 1 s on the surface. The horizontally polarised light reflected from solar panels attracts aquatic insects. This attraction is adverse, if the lured insects lay their eggs onto the black surface and/or cannot escape from the polarised signal and perish due to dehydration. Using polarotactic horseflies as indicator insects in our field experiment, we determined the magnitude of polarised light pollution (being proportional to the visual attractiveness to tabanids) of smooth black oblique surfaces as functions of δ and T.
Interoceptive awareness and self-regulation contribute to psychosomatic competence as measured by a new inventory
Authors: Fazekas Christian , Avian Alexander , Noehrer Rita , Matzer Franziska , Vajda Christian , Hannich Hans , Neubauer Aljoscha 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Background
The interrelation of interoception, cognitive appraisal of bodily signals and conscious self-regulatory behavior is insufficiently understood although it may be relevant for health and disease. Therefore, it was intended to develop a novel self-report measure targeting this link.

Methods
Item development was theoretically based on the multidimensional conceptual framework of the psychosomatic intelligence hypothesis and included an iterative process of refinement of items. In a preliminary test a principal components analysis (PROMAX rotation) and item analysis were calculated for item reduction. In the field test an item response theory approach was used for development of final scales and items. For validation purposes, associations with established measures of related constructs were analyzed.

Results
The final 44-item questionnaire consisted of 6 interrelated scales: (1) interoceptive awareness, (2) mentalization, (3) body-related cognitive congruence, (4) body-related health literacy, (5) general self-regulation, and (6) stress experience and stress regulation. Psychometric properties of this instrument demonstrated good model fit, internal consistency and construct validity. According to the validation, the final instrument measures a form of competence rather than intelligence and was termed the psychosomatic competence inventory.

Conclusion
Interoceptive awareness and conscious body-related self-regulation seem to jointly contribute to a basic competence which may serve homeostatic/allostatic control; however, further research is needed to confirm the reported preliminary findings in a large-scale test.
Monitor-based exoscopic 3D4k neurosurgical interventions: a two-phase prospective-randomized clinical evaluation of a novel hybrid device
Authors: Roethe Anna L. , Landgraf Philipp , Schröder Torsten , Misch Martin , Vajkoczy Peter , Picht Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Promoting a disruptive innovation in microsurgery, exoscopes promise alleviation of physical strain and improved image quality through digital visualization during microneurosurgical interventions. This study investigates the impact of a novel 3D4k hybrid exoscope (i.e., combining digital and optical visualization) on surgical performance and team workflow in preclinical and clinical neurosurgical settings.

Methods
A pre-clinical workshop setting has been developed to assess usability and implementability through skill-based scenarios (neurosurgical participants n = 12). An intraoperative exploration in head and spine surgery (n = 9) and a randomized clinical study comparing ocular and monitor mode in supratentorial brain tumor cases (n = 20) followed within 12 months. Setup, procedure, case characteristics, surgical performance, and user experience have been analyzed for both ocular group (OG) and monitor group (MG).

Results
Brain tumor cases using frontal, frontoparietal, or temporal approaches have been identified as favorable use cases for introducing exoscopic neurosurgery. Mean monitor distance and angle were 180 cm and 10°. Surgical ergonomics when sitting improved significantly in MG compared with OG (P = .03). Hand-eye coordination required familiarization in MG. Preclinical data showed a positive correlation between lateral camera inclination and impact on hand-eye coordination (rs = 0.756, P = .01). There was no significant added surgical time in MG. Image quality in current generation 3D4k monitors has been rated inferior to optic visualization yet awaits updates.

Conclusions
The hybrid exoscopic device can be integrated into established neurosurgical workflows. Currently, exoscopic interventions seem most suited for cranial tumor surgery in lesions that are not deep-seated. Ergonomics improve in monitor mode compared to conventional microsurgery.