bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kelly Emma , Cronk Ryan , Fisher Michael , Bartram Jamie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn sub-Saharan Africa, over half of the population is exposed to contaminated drinking water. The WHO recommends both sanitary inspection and water quality analysis to assess the risk of water source contamination, but the relationship between these tools is poorly understood. We explore the relationship between sanitary inspection and water quality analysis using data from 1028 boreholes with handpumps in 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Sanitary inspection scores andE. colioccurrence were compared using the models described in published literature, and an alternative model that better reflects causal pathways of contamination. In the alternative model, sanitary risk factors were categorized as contamination sources, carriers, or barrier breakdowns, and the relationships between risk factor combinations andE. colioccurrence were assessed. We found no associations between sanitary risk score andE. colioccurrence using either the established or alternative model. These results confirm that sanitary inspections and microbial analyses convey distinct information, and perfect correlation is neither expected nor desired. The alternative model demonstrated a slightly better model fit than most established models, and the model fit further improved when the occurrence of rainfall in the past two days was added as a carrier. We recommend that: implementers train water system operators to conduct sanitary inspection; and researchers work to improve our understanding of the effect of individual sanitary risk factors, as well as incorporate contextual data into their assessments of sanitary inspection and water quality.
Design and analysis of polar coded cooperation with incremental redundancy for IoT in fading channels
Authors: Liang Hao , Liu Aijun , Dai Jincheng , Liu Jie , Gong Chao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, a coded cooperation scheme using polar codes is explored for high‐reliability and low‐user complexity applications such as Internet of Things. Firstly, the cooperation way among the users is carefully designed based on systematic polar codes and cooperative decoding, without decode‐and‐forward protocol at the cooperative user. Meanwhile repetition aided code construction and decoding algorithm of polar code is proposed for the non‐cooperative case in terms of imperfect inter‐user channel. Performance analysis and numerical simulation demonstrate the bit‐error‐rate advantages of proposed polar coded cooperation in fading channels, compared to the no‐cooperation case and normal coded cooperation schemes. Furthermore, overall rate of proposed polar‐coded cooperation is considered to optimize adaptively to increase throughput efficiency.
A distributed network‐based economic model predictive control for networked smart energy systems considering communication network constraints
Authors: Nazmadini Alireza , Khajeh Zadeh Alimorad , Jafari Shahbaz Zadeh Mehdi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGenerally, the modern networked energy systems are constructed from some coupled sub‐systems interconnected via their states and share their information through a communication network featuring time delays. This article suggests an efficient multi‐agent based cooperative‐distributed networked economic model predictive control scheme for energy consumption optimisation and reducing the cost of consumed electricity in network‐based smart energy systems considering communication network delays. In this regard, a buffer‐based moving horizon strategy with estimator is suggested to estimate the own states of every sub‐system and the coupled states, that is, the states in which their information exchange among sub‐systems and their values are not accessible due to communication time delays. Moreover, the boundedness of the estimation error as well as the stability of the closed‐loop system are established. The usability and proficiency of the suggested scheme are proved by applying the developed approach on two case studies.
Kleinzelliges neuroendokrines Karzinom des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs: eine Übersichtsarbeit und Fallserie
Authors: Böhm Felix , Schuler Patrick J. , Döscher Johannes , Weissinger Stephanie E. , Benckendorff Julian , Greve Jens , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Theodoraki Marie-Nicole 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Kleinzellige neuroendokrine Karzinome (KNK) des Larynx sind eine seltene Tumorentität mit schlechter Prognose bei einer 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate nach Standardtherapie mit primärer Radiochemotherapie (pRCT) von 5 %.
Methoden Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche auf PubMed mit den Suchbegriffen „small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma“ und „head and neck“ sowie die Aufarbeitung von Patientenfällen aus unserer Klinik.
Ergebnisse Die Recherche ergab keine großen randomisierten kontrollierten Studien zur Standardtherapie. Bisherige Therapiestrategien basieren auf den Erfahrungen bei kleinzelligen Karzinomen der Lunge. 0,5 % aller KNK treten im Kopf-Hals-Bereich auf. In unserer Klinik wurden in 12 Jahren 9 KNK diagnostiziert, 2 davon mit laryngealer Manifestation. Wir berichten über einen 29-jährigen Patienten mit Erstdiagnose (ED) eines Larynx-KNK im Frühjahr 2018. Im Staging zeigten sich zervikale Lymphknotenmetastasen, eine Fernmetastasierung wurde ausgeschlossen. Es erfolgte eine pRCT mit Cisplatin/Etoposid mit darauffolgender Komplettremission. Im Re-Staging 6 Monate nach ED zeigten sich Metastasen-suspekte Lungenherde. Unter 6 Zyklen palliativer Systemtherapie mit Cyclophosphamid, Adriamycin und Vincristin kam es zu einer partiellen Remission. Nach 12 Monaten erfolgte bei Progress die Therapieumstellung auf den PD-1-Antikörper Nivolumab. Der Patient verstarb 22 Monate nach ED an einer tumorbedingten Massenblutung mit Verlegung der Atemwege.
Schlussfolgerung Bisher existieren keine Studienergebnisse über den Einsatz von Nivolumab als Third-Line-Therapie bei KNK. Die Analyse einer NTRK-Fusion (neurotrophe Tyrosin-Rezeptor-Kinase) oder einer Folatrezeptor-Expression sollte erwogen werden zur Evaluation einer Tropomyosin-Rezeptor-Kinase-Inhibitor- oder einer Radionuklidtherapie.
Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hariyanto Timotius Ivan , Hardyson Willie , Kurniawan Andree 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Currently, the data regarding the effectiveness and safety
of tocilizumab as treatment for COVID-19 infection is still conflicting.
This study aims to give clear evidence regarding the potential benefit and
safety of tocilizumab in improving the outcome of COVID-19 patients.
Methods We systematically searched the PubMed and Europe PMC database
using specific keywords related to our aims until November 1st,
2020. All articles published on COVID-19 and tocilizumab were retrieved.
Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 software.
Results A total of 38 studies with a total of 13 412 COVID-19
patients were included in our analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that
tocilizumab treatment is associated with reduction of mortality rate from
COVID-19 [OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.42–0.71),
p<0.00001, I
2=79%, random-effect modelling], but did not
alter the severity of COVID-19 [OR 1.05 (95% CI 0.92–1.20),
p=0.47, I
2=84%, random-effect modelling] and length of
hospital stay [Mean Difference 1.77 days (95% CI
−0.61–4.14 days), p=0.15, I
2=97%, random-effect modelling]. Tocilizumab also
does not associated with serious adverse events compared with standard of
care treatment [OR 0.91 (95% CI 0.71–1.15),
p=0.42, I
2=46%, random-effect modelling].
Conclusion Our study does not support the routine use of tocilizumab
for COVID-19 patients. Future studies should focus more on other potential
therapies for COVID-19 patients.
The anatomy of an award-winning meta-analysis: Recommendations for authors, reviewers, and readers of meta-analytic reviews
Authors: Steel Piers , Beugelsdijk Sjoerd , Aguinis Herman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMeta-analyses summarize a field’s research base and are therefore highly influential. Despite their value, the standards for an excellent meta-analysis, one that is potentially award-winning, have changed in the last decade. Each step of a meta-analysis is now more formalized, from the identification of relevant articles to coding, moderator analysis, and reporting of results. What was exemplary a decade ago can be somewhat dated today. Using the award-winning meta-analysis by Stahl et al. (Unraveling the effects of cultural diversity in teams: A meta-analysis of research on multicultural work groups. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(4):690–709, 2010) as an exemplar, we adopted a multi-disciplinary approach (e.g., management, psychology, health sciences) to summarize the anatomy (i.e., fundamental components) of a modern meta-analysis, focusing on: (1) data collection (i.e., literature search and screening, coding), (2) data preparation (i.e., treatment of multiple effect sizes, outlier identification and management, publication bias), (3) data analysis (i.e., average effect sizes, heterogeneity of effect sizes, moderator search), and (4) reporting (i.e., transparency and reproducibility, future research directions). In addition, we provide guidelines and a decision-making tree for when even foundational and highly cited meta-analyses should be updated. Based on the latest evidence, we summarize what journal editors and reviewers should expect, authors should provide, and readers (i.e., other researchers, practitioners, and policymakers) should consider about meta-analytic reviews.
Magnetic properties of (Sm,Zr)Fe5 alloys and their nitrides
Authors: Saito Tetsuji 
Published: January 2021

In this study, magnetic properties of (Sm,Zr)Fe5 melt-spun ribbons and their nitrogenated specimens were examined. The as-annealed (Sm,Zr)Fe5 melt-spun ribbons showed a coercivity of around 1.3 kOe, but it was found that their nitrogenation increased the coercivity. A high coercivity of 11.4 kOe was achieved in the (Sm0.7Zr0.3)Fe5 melt-spun ribbon when nitrogenated at 713 K for 20 h. Microstructural studies revealed that the nitrogenated specimen consisted of fine grains with an average diameter of 20 nm. XRD studies revealed that the nitrogenated specimen contained a small amount of the α-Fe phase together with the (Sm,Zr)Fe5 phase.
Shubnikov-de-Haas oscillation and possible modification of effective mass in CeTe3 thin films
Authors: Watanabe Mori , Nakamura Ryoya , Lee Sanghyun , Asano Takuya , Ibe Takashi , Tokuda Masashi , Taniguchi Hiroki , Ueta Daichi , Okada Yoshinori , Kobayashi Kensuke , Niimi Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2021

Magnetoresistance measurements have been performed in CeTe3 thin film devices in a temperature range from 2.1 to 20 K up to 8 T. A clear Shubnikov-de-Haas oscillation was observed in the whole temperature range. The temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude was found to deviate from the Lifshitz–Kosevich formula below the magnetic transition temperature at TN1 ≈ 3 K. This indicates a significant interplay between the magnetic ordering and the conduction electrons, which could lead to a modification of the effective cyclotron mass. By analyzing the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude, we have estimated the effective mass, quantum lifetime and quantum mobility of the material both in the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic states.
Growth and characterization of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7−δ bilayers
Authors: Wisser Jacob J. , Suzuki Yuri 
Published: January 2021

Understanding the interplay of ferromagnets and superconductors requires high quality interfaces. To this end, we have fabricated heterostructures of the cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) with the metallic ferromagnet La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) via pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3 (STO) (001) and (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2TaAlO6)0.7 (LSAT) (001) substrates. By varying the YBCO thickness from 1.7-13.6 nm while keeping the LSMO thickness at 12 nm, we have studied the interplay between ferromagnetism and superconductivity in the in-plane transport and magnetic properties of the bilayers. X-ray reflectivity data indicate the presence of a 2-3 nm thick interfacial layer between the LSMO and YBCO layers in all heterostructures. In-plane transport measurements exhibit suppression of the superconducting transition temperature from bulk YBCO values. Magnetometry measurements indicate high LSMO saturation magnetization values for samples grown on STO substrates and even higher (bulk-like) magnetization for bilayers grown on LSAT substrates. Together these results indicate that the interdiffused layer is largely attributed to a modified YBCO layer.
The negative expressions in three dialectal repertoires
Authors: Perea Maria Pilar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The main aim of this chapter is to describe,
analyse and map the negative expressions recorded in three dialectal
materials related to the Catalan language developed during three
different periods of the twentieth century: the field notebooks by
Antoni M. Alcover (completed between 1900 and 1922), the
Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica, by
Tomás Navarro Tomás (conducted between 1934 and 1935, and resumed
later on in 1947 and 1952), and the Atles Lingüístic del
Domini Català, by Joan Veny and Lídia Pons (surveys
carried out between 1964 and 1975).
A microsyntactic study of Pyrenean negative emphatic polarity
particles with the help of data from linguistic atlases
Authors: Naya Ares Llop 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this chapter we show the interest of the data
gathered in linguistic atlases and traditional dialectology
materials in the context of the significant development of formal
studies in dialect syntax. We present a case study based on almost
unexplored dialects in the Central Pyrenean region with the purpose
of showing how dialectal data can contribute to an in-depth
knowledge of the grammar of natural languages. We present an
already-tested roadmap to develop a micro-syntactic investigation
that aims at providing a fine-grained description of synchronic
variation in the use of negative minimizers and, at the same time,
seeks to determine the formal features of such items, as well as the
consequences of different feature specification for the negative
concord.
ASinEs
Authors: Cerrudo Alba , Pineda Anna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this chapter we present the
ASinEs project (Atlas Sintáctico del
Español, http://www.asines.org
), an unprecedented tool for the study of dialectal
variation in the syntax of Spanish. After an introductory
presentation (Section 1),
we set the ASinEs in the context of the study of
dialectal syntax and outline the reasons for its creation (Section 2). Next, we explain the goals the atlas is intended to achieve and how it is structured
(Section 3). We go on
to show how information is entered in the atlas (from both manager
and user perspectives) (Section 4), and finally explain how to use the search
engine and other resources available on the website (Section 5).
The translation landscape of Thessaloniki’s Kastra neighbourhood
Authors: Lees Christopher 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to investigate several key sociolinguistic aspects of texts that have been translated from Greek into English in public spaces in the Kastra neighbourhood of Thessaloniki. It approaches these translations through a sociolinguistic lens, drawing from the ethnographic methodology used in studies of linguistic landscapes, whilst also taking into account the need to combine approaches from the sociological turn in Translation Studies, which have largely adopted Bourdieu’s concept of habitus in an attempt to place the translator at the centre of related academic enquiry. The qualitative findings derive from public texts that can be grouped into the following categories: Official signs and notifications, ad hoc signs and notices, and translated texts for businesses offering services. The analysis of the texts focuses on issues concerning superdiversity, social background, identity, and translation practices.
Fertilization and clear-cutting effects on greenhouse gas emissions of pinewood nematode damaged Masson pine plantation
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhao Zeyao , Chen Tong , Zhao Tianyu , Song Lihao , Mei Li 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
: Management practices are essential for maintaining forest ecological functions under increasing diseases and pest disasters. The effects of nitrogen fertilization (NF) and clear-cutting (CC) on the soil microbial community structure and greenhouse gases emission were investigated of pinewood nematodes (
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
)-infected Masson pine (
Pinus massoniana
) plantations.

Outcomes
: CC increased the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) contents relative to the control (CK). NF increased the SMBN but had no significant effect on the SMBC content. The total fungal and bacterial abundances increased in the CC treatment compared with the CK, but there was no significant difference between the NF and CK. The cumulative soil CO
2
emission (2.35 t C·hm
−2
) was higher than that of CK (1.65 t C·hm
−2
) in summer, and the cumulative annual N
2
O emission (16.90 kg N·hm
−2
yr
−1
) of NF was approximately 47 times of CK (0.36 t N·hm
−2
·yr
−1
). CC increased the CO
2
flux (2.21 t C·hm
−2
) in summer but have no significantly effects on N
2
O emission.

Conclusion
: These results indicated that NF and CC practices changed forest soil microbial community structure and affected soil greenhouse gas emissions in pinewood nematodes -infected Masson pine plantations. The CO
2
emission rates increased in the NF and CC treatments, which reduced the carbon sequestration function of forests and had a negative impact on climate change.
Bayesian inversion for electromyography using low-rank tensor formats
Authors: Rörich Anna , Werthmann Tim A. , Göddeke Dominik , Grasedyck Lars 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The reconstruction of the structure of biological tissue using electromyographic (EMG) data is a non-invasive imaging method with diverse medical applications. Mathematically, this process is an inverse problem. Furthermore, EMG data are highly sensitive to changes in the electrical conductivity that describes the structure of the tissue. Modeling the inevitable measurement error as a stochastic quantity leads to a Bayesian approach. Solving the discretized Bayesian inverse problem means drawing samples from the posterior distribution of parameters, e.g., the conductivity, given measurement data. Using, e.g., a Metropolis–Hastings algorithm for this purpose involves solving the forward problem for different parameter combinations which requires a high computational effort. Low-rank tensor formats can reduce this effort by providing a data-sparse representation of all occurring linear systems of equations simultaneously and allow for their efficient solution. The application of Bayes’ theorem proves the well-posedness of the Bayesian inverse problem. The derivation and proof of a low-rank representation of the forward problem allow for the precomputation of all solutions of this problem under certain assumptions, resulting in an efficient and theory-based sampling algorithm. Numerical experiments support the theoretical results, but also indicate that a high number of samples is needed to obtain reliable estimates for the parameters. The Metropolis–Hastings sampling algorithm, using the precomputed forward solution in a tensor format, draws this high number of samples and therefore enables solving problems which are infeasible using classical methods.
Nonlocal robust tensor recovery with nonconvex regularization
*
Authors: Qiu Duo , Bai Minru , Ng Michael K , Zhang Xiongjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The robust tensor recovery problem consists in reconstructing a tensor from a sample of entries corrupted by noise, which has attracted great interest in a wide range of practical situations such as image processing and computer vision. In this paper, we study robust tensor recovery for third-order tensors with different degradations, which aims to recover a tensor from partial observations corrupted by Gaussian noise and sparse noise simultaneously. In contrast to traditional approaches based on the tensor nuclear norm penalty for the low-rank component and the tensor ℓ
1 norm penalty for the sparse component, we propose a nonlocal robust low-rank tensor recovery model with nonconvex regularization (NRTRM) to explore the global low-rankness and nonlocal self-similarity of the underlying tensor. The NRTRM method is first to extract similar patched-tubes to form a third-order sub-tensor. Then a class of nonconvex low-rank penalties and nonconvex sparse penalties are employed to explore the low-rank component and the sparse corruptions for such sub-tensor, respectively. Moreover, a proximal alternating linearized minimization algorithm is developed to solve the resulting model in each group and its convergence is established under very mild conditions. Extensive numerical experiments on both multispectral images and video datasets demonstrate the superior performance of NRTRM in comparison with several state-of-the-art methods.
Photon wave-mechanical theory of single-photon diffraction from a mesoscopic hole
Authors: Jung Jesper , Keller Ole 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A quantum electrodynamical theory for single-photon diffraction of light from a mesoscopic hole in a quantum well (QW) screen with (Schrödinger) electron dynamics is established. Photon wave mechanics (PWM) is used to extend and bridge the gap between hitherto used semiclassical and quantum optical theoretical approaches for analyses of diffraction of light. An essentially complete calculation is carried out for a paradigm example: (i) a single-photon point-like electric-dipole (ED) primary source, emitting (ii) a wave packet photon toward (iii) a two-level QW screen possessing (iv) in-plane jellium electrodynamics with (v) a single mesoscopic ED hole. The PWM description is based on the, in this context attractive, Riemann–Silberstein–Oppenheimer–Bialynicki formulation. The effective size of the hole is determined on the basis of a quantum mechanical extinction theorem for the in-plane jellium electron dynamics in the vicinity of the hole. The incident electrodynamic field induced current density in the screen (with hole) allows one to obtain the single-photon probabilities for scattering from the hole and the screen. A one-photon wave train emitted by the primary ED point-like source is assumed to drive the scattering process. The far-field hole-screen diffraction pattern is calculated paying particular attention to the spectral diffraction (correlation) pattern, which illustrates the interplay between the wave-train frequency, the screen/hole local-field resonance frequency, and the Bohr frequency. Our theory shows that the ED hole polarizability is close to that of a one-dimensional single harmonic oscillator with resonance frequency coinciding with the local-field resonance in the two-level QW screen.