bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits, Drawbacks, and Future Trends of Brayton Helium Gas Turbine Cycles for Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor and Very-High Temperature Reactor Generation IV Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Gad-Briggs Arnold , Osigwe Emmanuel , Pilidis Pericles , Nikolaidis Theoklis , Sampath Suresh , Teixeira Joao Amaral 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Numerous studies are on-going on to understand the performance of generation IV (Gen IV) nuclear power plants (NPPs). The objective is to determine optimum operating conditions for efficiency and economic reasons in line with the goals of Gen IV. For Gen IV concepts such as the gas-cooled fast reactors (GFRs) and very-high temperature reactors (VHTRs), the choice of cycle configuration is influenced by component choices, the component configuration and the choice of coolant. The purpose of this paper to present and review current cycles being considered—the simple cycle recuperated (SCR) and the intercooled cycle recuperated (ICR). For both cycles, helium is considered as the coolant in a closed Brayton gas turbine configuration. Comparisons are made for design point (DP) and off-design point (ODP) analyses to emphasize the pros and cons of each cycle. This paper also discusses potential future trends, include higher reactor core outlet temperatures (COT) in excess of 1000 °C and the simplified cycle configurations.
Impact of climatic factors at specific growth stages on soybean soyasaponin I concentration
Authors: Tang Ruixue , Seguin Philippe , Morrison Malcolm , Smedbol Elise 
Published: July 2020

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important source of health-beneficial compounds, including soyasaponin I. A field study was conducted for 11 yr in Ottawa, ON, Canada, to assess the impacts of temperature and precipitation during specific growth stage intervals on soyasaponin I concentration in three soybean cultivars. Soyasaponin I concentration response to air temperature and precipitation variables were observed at specific growth stage intervals for some cultivars. The response was complex and cultivar specific. Overall, reproductive stages were more responsive and 20 °C appeared to be a critical threshold in determining soybean soyasaponin I concentration response to air temperature.
On 3-total edge product cordial labeling of grid
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Hasni Roslan , Irfan Muhammad , Naseem Maria , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran 
Published: July 2020

Let us consider a mapping [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an integer, [Formula: see text]. The mapping [Formula: see text] induces for every vertex [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] the label [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) denote the number of edges (vertices) in [Formula: see text] that are labeled with the number [Formula: see text] under the labeling [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text].The function [Formula: see text] is called a [Formula: see text]-total edge product cordial labeling of [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. A graph [Formula: see text] with a [Formula: see text]-total edge product cordial labeling is called a [Formula: see text]-total edge product cordial graph.In this paper, we prove that the grid graph [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] admits a [Formula: see text]-total edge product cordial labeling.
АДИКТИВНИЙ СТАТУС ПРЕДСТАВНИКІВ КОМАНДНОГО І РОБІТНИЧОГО СКЛАДУ МОРСЬКОГО ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОГО ФЛОТУ З РІЗНИМ РІВНЕМ ПСИХОСОЦІАЛЬНОГО СТРЕСУ
Authors: Markova M. V. , Kosenko K. A. , Gaponov K. D. 
Published: July 2020

Мета: дослідити напруженість адиктивного статусу (АС) у моряків торговельного морського флоту з різним рівнем психосоціального стресу (ПС) для визначення необхідності створення специфічних для даного контингенту системних заходів з охорони їхнього психічного здоровʼя.
Матеріали і методи. На засадах інформованої згоди з дотриманням принципів біоетики і деонтології протягом 2016–2019 рр. було обстежено 200 осіб представників морського торговельного флоту: 110 членів командного складу (КТФ) та 90 робітників (РТФ). Дослідження включало використання клініко-психопатологічного і психодіагностичного методів.
Результати. У результаті дослідження встановлено, що у представників торговельного морського флоту в міжрейсовий період виявлена підвищена напруженість АС за обʼєктами хімічного і нехімічного походження, рівень якої прямо асоційований з вираженістю ПС. Загальним трендом динаміки АС у представників торговельного морського флоту, як за обʼєктами хімічного, так і нехімічного походження, є збільшення інтенсивності адиктивної реалізації з наростанням психосоціального стресового навантаження.
Напруженість АС у РТФ є значно вищою, ніж у КТФ (крім роботи), в усіх межах адиктивної реалізації та діапазонах стресового навантаження. Серед осіб із низьким ПС, незалежно від професійної специфіки, напруженість АС адиктивними обʼєктами і хімічного, і нехімічного походження знаходиться в межах безпечного вживання, що значно відрізняється від АС в осіб з помірним і тяжким рівнем ПС. Захопленість хімічними обʼєктами (тютюн, кава/чай) в осіб із помірним рівнем ПС виражена в межах вживання зі шкідливими наслідками, з тяжким ПС – небезпечного вживання, а нехімічними – в межах вживання зі шкідливими наслідками зі зростанням показників асоційовано зі збільшенням ПС.
Висновки. Виявлені закономірності повинні враховувати при розробці специфічних заходів психотерапії і психопрофілактики для даного контингенту, що становить перспективу цього дослідження.
ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНЕ СПРИЙНЯТТЯ ЧАСУ – РАННЯ ПРОГНОСТИЧНА ОЗНАКА РОЗВИТКУ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ
Authors: Denefil O. V. , Terenda O. A. , Protsyk M. P. , Terenda N. O. 
Published: July 2020

Мета: виявити ризик розвитку захворювань в осіб молодого віку за показником індивідуального сприйняття часу.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено анкетування 200 осіб жіночої та чоловічої статей віком від 18 до 22 років (по 100 осіб у кожній групі) для виявлення факторів ризику та визначення показника індивідуального сприйняття часу (τ) за методом Б. Й. Цуканова. В анкеті згруповано питання щодо факторів ризику патології серцево-судинної системи, сечовидільної системи, шлунково-кишкового тракту.
Результати. У осіб чоловічої статі із τ=0,7–0,8 є більший ризик захворіти на хвороби шлунково-кишкового тракту, оскільки вони частіше і в більшій кількості вживають алкоголь, частіше мають надлишкову масу тіла та піддаються стресовим впливам. Ймовірно більший ризик розвитку артеріальної гіпертензії при τ=0,8–0,86 існує в осіб жіночої статі. У осіб чоловічої статі з τ=0,86–0,94 більший ризик розвитку ниркової патології порівняно із особами жіночої статі, тому що вони зазнають частішого переохолодження та вживають більше води, тим самим збільшуючи навантаження на нирки. Більша схильність до гіподинамії, переважання тютюнокуріння, споживання надлишку солоної їжі та достовірно обтяжений спадковий анамнез щодо серцево-судинної патології при τ=0,94–1,00 у осіб чоловічої статі свідчить про високий ризик розвитку в них у майбутньому патології серцево-судинної системи (ішемічної хвороби серця та цереброваскулярних захворювань).
Висновки. Отримані результати вказують на наявність зв’язку певних факторів ризику розвитку захворювань з τ-типом респондентів. Визначення у подальшому в пацієнтів τ-типу дозволить спрогнозувати ризик розвитку певної патології та запропонувати їм комплекс індивідуальних профілактичних заходів.
Age-related Change of the Dimensions of the Cricoid Cartilage in Adults
Authors: Liu Shiqing , Cheng Lili , Qi Wenxu , Zhang Xin , Dong Youjing 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To measure the dimensions of the cricoid cartilage in adults and to investigate the age-related change of the dimensions of the cricoid cartilage. Methods: After performing the multiplanar reconstruction and correcting the slant of the cervical computed tomography scans, the transverse and anteroposterior internal diameters of the inlet (TD-in and APD-in) and outlet (TD-out and APD-out) of the cricoid cartilage were measured, respectively. The angle between the arch and lamina of the cricoid cartilage in the middle sagittal plane was measured. The ratios of transverse to anteroposterior diameter for the inlet (Ratio-in) and outlet (Ratio-out) of the cricoid cartilage were calculated, respectively. Results: A total of 1200 adults were included in this study, with 600 males and 600 females. The TD-in is the smallest cricoid diameter and the APD-in is the largest cricoid diameter. The mean cricoid diameters and the cricoid angle in males were larger than those in females. The cricoid inlet is oval shaped and the cricoid cartilage is “funnel-shaped” in the middle sagittal plane. The shape of the outlet of the cricoid cartilage varies greatly among individuals. In males, the APD-in and APD-out were negatively correlated with age while the Ratio-in and Ratio-out was positively correlated with age. In females, the APD-out were negatively correlated with age while the Ratio-out was negatively correlated with age. Conclusions: The dimensions of the cricoid cartilage change as age advances in adult population and the sexual dimorphism of the cricoid outlet occurs after 50 years old.
Disaster Ergonomics: Human Factors in COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency Management
Authors: Sasangohar Farzan , Moats Jason , Mehta Ranjana , Peres S. Camille 
Published: July 2020

Objective We aimed to identify opportunities for application of human factors knowledge base to mitigate disaster management (DM) challenges associated with the unique characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic. Background The role of DM is to minimize and prevent further spread of the contagion over an extended period of time. This requires addressing large-scale logistics, coordination, and specialized training needs. However, DM-related challenges during the pandemic response and recovery are significantly different than with other kinds of disasters. Method An expert review was conducted to document issues relevant to human factors and ergonomics (HFE) in DM. Results The response to the COVID-19 crisis has presented complex and unique challenges to DM and public health practitioners. Compared to other disasters and previous pandemics, the COVID-19 outbreak has had an unprecedented scale, magnitude, and propagation rate. The high technical complexity of response and DM coupled with lack of mental model and expertise to respond to such a unique disaster has seriously challenged the response work systems. Recent research has investigated the role of HFE in modeling DM systems’ characteristics to improve resilience, accelerating emergency management expertise, developing agile training methods to facilitate dynamically changing response, improving communication and coordination among system elements, mitigating occupational hazards including guidelines for the design of personal protective equipment, and improving procedures to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of response efforts. Conclusion This short review highlights the potential for the field’s contribution to proactive and resilient DM for the ongoing and future pandemics.
Democracy in the Bullring: The Emergence and Representation of Postmaterial Conflicts in the Andes
Authors: Vergara Alberto , Baraybar Viviana 
Published: July 2020

Comparative analysis of the antibullfighting agenda in Bogotá, Lima, and Quito sheds light on the relation between new social movements and left parties. It suggests that, although a social movement is important to the visibility of the agenda, the key variable in achieving a ban on bullfighting in the three capitals has been a decisive left leadership that is not shy about confrontation with traditional elites. Un análisis comparativo de la agenda contra la tauromaquia en Bogotá, Lima y Quito devela la relación entre los nuevos movimientos sociales y los partidos de izquierda. Sugiere que, aunque la existencia de un movimiento social resulta importante para visibilizar dicha agenda, la variable clave para lograr la prohibición de la tauromaquia en las tres capitales ha sido un liderazgo decisivo por parte de la izquierda, que no se ha mostrado tímida cuando se trata de confrontar a las élites tradicionales.
Clinical Outcomes of the Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Hydrogel Implant for Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Eble Stephanie K. , Hansen Oliver B. , Chrea Bopha , Cabe Taylor N. , Garfinkel Jonathan , Drakos Mark C. ,   HSS Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery Group
Published: July 2020

Background: Hallux rigidus is a common arthritic condition that has been addressed surgically with a range of techniques, from an isolated cheilectomy to first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint fusion. Recently, hemiarthroplasty with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel implant has been used as an alternative treatment to relieve pain while preserving motion of the first MTP joint. We retrospectively reviewed patient-reported outcome scores and clinical outcomes for patients treated for hallux rigidus with PVA hydrogel implant at an academic, multisurgeon center. Methods: A total of 103 patients who underwent first MTP hemiarthroplasty with PVA hydrogel implant between January 2017 and October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed (average, 26.2 months). Eight surgeons were represented. Baseline Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores for the Physical Function, Pain Interference, Pain Intensity, Global Physical Health, Global Mental Health, and Depression domains were collected prospectively and compared with PROMIS scores collected at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively (average, 13.9 months). Seventy-three patients had both preoperative and postoperative scores. Ten of these patients had undergone a prior procedure of the first MTP, and 52 underwent concurrent Moberg osteotomy at the time of PVA hydrogel implantation. Results: For patients with baseline and postoperative PROMIS scores, significant pre- to postoperative improvement was detected for the Physical Function, Pain Interference, Pain Intensity, and Global Physical Health domains ( P < .05). Patients who had undergone a prior procedure of the first MTP had significantly higher postoperative Pain Intensity scores compared with those who did not undergo a prior procedure. Patients undergoing concurrent Moberg osteotomy had significantly lower postoperative Pain Interference and Pain Intensity scores compared with those who did not undergo a Moberg. Two patients underwent revision procedures in the first 2 years postoperatively, one with revision hemiarthroplasty and one with conversion to arthrodesis. Conclusion: On average across our entire cohort, physical function and pain scores improved significantly pre- to postoperatively; however, postoperative pain scores were significantly higher for patients who had undergone a prior procedure of the first MTP and significantly lower for patients who underwent concurrent Moberg osteotomy. The implant displayed excellent survivorship in the first 2 years postoperatively, with only 2 revision procedures. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
Centrally inserted central catheters in preterm neonates with weight below 1500 g by ultrasound-guided access to the brachio-cephalic vein
Authors: Barone Giovanni , Pittiruti Mauro , Ancora Gina , Vento Giovanni , Tota Francesca , D’Andrea Vito 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Central venous access in critically ill newborns can be challenging. Ultrasound-guided brachio-cephalic vein catheterization is a relatively new procedure, recently introduced in several neonatal intensive care units. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of such a technique in preterm babies. Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion in preterm neonates. Setting: Neonatal intensive care unit. Patients: Critically ill preterm neonates with weight below 1500 g requiring a central access. Interventions: Ultrasound-guided brachio-cephalic vein catheterization. Main Results: Thirty centrally inserted catheters were placed in 30 neonates. The success rate of the procedure was 100%. No case of accidental arterial or pleural puncture was registered during the study period. Conclusion: The brachio-cephalic vein can be safely catheterized in preterm newborns requiring intensive care after appropriate training.
When altruists cannot help: the influence of altruism on the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Feng Yi , Zong Min , Yang Zhizun , Gu Wen , Dong Dan , Qiao Zhihong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The positive predictive effect of altruism on physical and psychological well-being has been extensively demonstrated in previous studies, but few studies have examined the effect of altruism on negative mental health outcomes when altruists cannot perform altruistic behaviours. This study explored the influence of altruism on negative affect and mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms) during the COVID-19 pandemic while people self-isolated at home in China.

Method
University students were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Self-reported perceived risk, altruism, negative affect, anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Self-Report Altruism Scale (SRA scale), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9). A structural equation model was used to analyse the mediating and moderating effects on mental health.

Results
The final sample comprised 1346 Chinese participants (Mage = 19.76 ± 2.23 years, 73% female). Overall, the higher the risk the participants perceived, the more negative affect they exhibited (β = 0.16, p < .001), and thus, the more anxious and depressed they felt (β = 0.134, p < .001); however, this relationship between risk perception and negative affect was moderated by altruism. In contrast to previous studies, the increase in negative affect associated with the increased perceived risk was pronounced among individuals with high altruism (t = 7.68, p < .001).

Conclusions
Individuals with high altruism exhibited more negative affect than those with low altruism, which indirectly increased their anxiety and depressive symptoms. These findings enrich theories of altruism and provide valuable insight into the influence of altruism on mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Clinicopathologic implications of Myb and Beta-catenin expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Park Susan , Vora Manali , van Zante Annemieke , Humtsoe Joseph , Kim Hyun-Su , Yom Sue , Agarwal Shweta , Ha Patrick 
Published: July 2020

Background Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the second most common malignancy of the salivary glands, accounting for ∼ 1% of malignant tumors of the head and neck region and 10% of salivary gland neoplasms. Predicting the long-term outcomes of patients with ACC is still challenging, as reliable prognostic biomarkers are not available. Among salivary gland tumors, Myb overexpression is highly specific for ACC. In addition, the MYB-NF1B fusion translocation is a hallmark of ACC, and although the detection of this translocation does not appear to impact prognosis, the MYB-NF1B fusion is also implicated in MYB upregulation. Myb has recently been identified as an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and aberrant cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin has been observed in many salivary gland malignancies. In this study, we aim to analyze the impact of Myb and β-catenin expression on prognosis in ACC. Methods A tissue microarray constructed from archival tissue from 64 patients with ACC was stained for Myb and β-catenin; both localization and intensity were evaluated. In parallel, we abstracted demographic data, tumor characteristics, survival data, and outcomes, including local recurrence, regional recurrence, and distant metastasis from the medical record. Statistical analysis was performed. Results Our analysis supports that ACC patients negative for Myb by immunohistochemical methods have a higher risk of developing metastasis than patients with Myb staining (HR: 4.06, 95% CI: 1.02–14.96, p-value: 0.03). Although not statistically significant, cytoplasmic localization of β-catenin is may suggest a diminished rate of relapse-free survival (HR 2.45, 95%CI: 0.9–6.7, p = 0.08). Furthermore, Myb expression correlated with β-catenin expression, increasing 1.69 in staining intensity units with each increase in β-catenin staining intensity ( p-value: 0.04). Conclusions Our study suggests that Myb expression is protective; Myb positive patients have diminished risk of distant metastasis. In contrast, there is a trend towards increased hazard of death in ACC patients with cytoplasmic β-catenin expression. Additional analyses will be necessary to establish Myb and β-catenin as independent protective and adverse biomarkers, respectively.
Barriers and facilitators for colorectal cancer screening in a low-income urban community in Mexico City
Authors: Unger-Saldaña Karla , Saldaña-Tellez Minerva , Potter Michael B. , Van Loon Katherine , Allen-Leigh Betania , Lajous Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are increasing in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), possibly due to a combination of changing lifestyles and improved healthcare infrastructure to facilitate diagnosis. Unfortunately, a large proportion of CRC cases in these countries remain undiagnosed or are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor outcomes. Decreasing mortality trends in HICs are likely due to evidence-based screening and treatment approaches that are not widely available in LMICs. Formative research to identify emerging opportunities to implement appropriate screening and treatment programs in LMICs is, therefore, of growing importance. We sought to identify potential barriers and facilitators for future implementation of fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based CRC screening in a public healthcare system in a middle-income country with increasing CRC incidence and mortality.MethodsWe performed a qualitative study with semi-structured individual and focus group interviews with different CRC screening stakeholders, including 30 lay people at average risk for CRC, 13 health care personnel from a local public clinic, and 7 endoscopy personnel from a cancer referral hospital. All interviews were transcribed verbatim for analysis. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method, under the theoretical perspectives of the social ecological model (SEM), the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, and the health belief model.ResultsWe identified barriers and facilitators for implementation of a FIT-based CRC screening program at several levels of the SEM. The main barriers in each of the SEM levels were as follows: (1) at the social context level: poverty, health literacy and lay beliefs related to gender, cancer, allopathic medicine, and religion; (2) at the health services organization level: a lack of CRC knowledge among health care personnel and the community perception of poor quality of health care; and (3) at the individual level: a lack of CRC awareness and therefore lack of risk perception, together with fear of participating in screening activities and finding out about a serious disease. The main facilitators perceived by the participants were CRC screening information and the free provision of screening tests.ConclusionsThis study’s findings suggest that multi-level CRC screening programs in middle-income countries such as Mexico should incorporate complementary strategies to address barriers and facilitators, such as (1) provision of free screening tests, (2) education of primary healthcare personnel, and (3) promotion of non-fear-based CRC screening messages to the target population, tailored to address common lay beliefs.