bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explanatory Matrices on the Causes of a Tailing Dam Collapse in Brazil: The (Dis)Articulation of Epistemes
Authors: de Oliveira Lopes Juliana Aurora , Heller Léo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMining tailing dam ruptures are increasingly common events in South America. Due to their high potential degree for avoidance, they are considered to be technological disasters and often have a considerable impact on local populations and communities, as well as affecting the ecosystem. The failure of the Fundão dam in 2015 in the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais (is) considered one of the largest socioenvironmental disasters in the country's history. Different explanations for the causes of the disaster were put forward by various social actors. This article critically analyzes these discourses through the theoretical‐methodological reference of the social theory of discourse, with the aim of understanding the various discursive contexts of the causes of the breach of the dam. The analysis and understanding of these explanatory matrices suggested that different discourses present different epistemological approaches to the causes of the disaster, related to aspects such as sociohistorical, political, ideological, and asymmetric relations of power. The statements had different emphases, being associated with distinct epistemic positions that were often not in convergence. Moreover, certain terms and approaches reinforce or minimize processes of vulnerability experienced by the affected populations. These discourses present consents, dissents, and contradictions and when systematically integrated can improve the planning of risk management and broaden the understanding related to technological disaster occurrence.
A challenging journey: The experience of elderly patients and their close family members after major emergency abdominal surgery
Authors: Petersen Julie Jacoby , Østergaard Birte , Svavarsdóttir Erla Kolbrún , Rosenstock Steffen Jais , Brødsgaard Anne 
Published: August 2020

RationaleKnowledge of how elderly patients undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery and their close family members experience the course of illness is limited. Little is known about how such surgery and hospitalisation affect elderly patients' daily life after discharge. It is well known that such patients have an increased risk of mortality and that their physical functional level often decreases during hospitalisation, which can make them dependent on family or homecare services. Critical illness and caregiving for a close relative can be a stressful experience for families, which are at risk of developing stress‐related symptoms.AimTo explore how elderly patients and their families experience the course of illness during hospitalisation and the first month at home after discharge.MethodA phenomenological study was conducted to gain in‐depth descriptions through 15 family interviews with 15 patients who had undergone major emergency abdominal surgery and 20 of their close adult family members. Data were analysed using a phenomenological approach inspired by Giorgi.FindingsThe essence of the phenomenon is captured in three themes: (1) Being emotionally overwhelmed, (2) Wanting to be cared for and (3) Finding a way back to life.ConclusionPatients and their close family members experienced the course of illness as a challenging journey where they longed for life to become as it was before illness. They experienced illness as a sudden life‐threatening incidence. In this situation, it was crucial to be met with empathy from healthcare professionals. The patients’ experience of fatigue and powerlessness remained intense one month after discharge and affected their and their close family members’ lives.
Brexit: How to Reach an Amicable Divorce*
Authors: Forslid Rikard , Nyberg Sten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractControl over borders and access to the common market were key issues in the Brexit negotiations concerning the UK's future relationship with the European Union (EU). The parties have expressed strong political commitments regarding both issues. We explore a sequential model, which allows us to analyze the effects of these commitments. It is assumed that the UK controls labor mobility, and that the EU can constrain trade to dissuade future secession, or to punish the UK. We find that the EU has an incentive to claim trade and mobility to be inseparable freedoms whether that reflects its true preferences or not. Our model also implies that both parties are better off if the UK commits to a mobility policy first. Moreover, UK contributions to the EU budget can substitute for trade restriction and allow for a more efficient outcome. Finally, while the EU lacks bargaining power without a readiness to impose trade restrictions, a stronger will to punish the UK does not affect mobility but harms trade. Hence, fueling resentment about Brexit does not benefit the EU.
On the assumption of independent right censoring
Authors: Overgaard Morten , Hansen Stefan Nygaard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVarious assumptions on a right‐censoring mechanism to ensure consistency of the Kaplan–Meier and Aalen–Johansen estimators in a competing risks setting are studied. Specifically, eight different assumptions are seen to fall in two categories: a weaker identifiability assumption, which is the weakest possible assumption in a precise sense, and a stronger representativity assumption which ensures the existence of an independent censoring time. When a given censoring time is considered, similar assumptions can be made on the censoring time. This allows for a characterization of so‐called pointwise independence as well as full independence of censoring time and event time and type. Examples illustrate how the various assumptions differ.
Outdoor walking rounds: combining resident education and wellness
Authors: Klee David , Hirko Kelly 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundIt is challenging to achieve quality teaching on a busy resident service. Teams must balance the competing drivers of patient care, clinical efficiency, patient satisfaction and resident learning. Our novel outdoor walking rounds improve both the quality of resident instruction and their physician wellness without negatively affecting patient care.MethodsOur team meets outside for attending rounds on the sidewalks or hiking trails near our hospital. The residents present their clinical plans as we walk. We are able to achieve more in‐depth clinical discussions and teaching than with traditional rounds conducted inside. Residents were surveyed to compare their experiences with traditional rounds.ResultsTwenty‐seven residents were surveyed over 5 years (29.6% were first‐year residents, 33.3% were second‐year residents and 37.0% were third‐year residents): 81% of residents indicated that walking rounds improved the time dedicated to teaching; 100% of residents believed that the quality of teaching had improved; 70% of residents indicated that walking rounds improved their sense of physician wellness; and 59% of residents identified that walking rounds were as efficient, or more efficient, than traditional rounds.DiscussionStriving to provide in‐depth resident clinical teaching without negatively affecting the quality and efficiency of patient care is a tall order. Outdoor walking rounds are a teaching method that combines dedicated non‐distracted time for resident teaching with exercise. Our study indicates that this teaching method improves the quantity and quality of dedicated teaching time, improves resident physician wellness and does so in an innovative way that maintains efficient patient care.
Bilateral third eyelid ectopic cilia in an adult horse
Authors: Chiwitt Carolin L. H. , Scurrell Emma J. , Featherstone Heidi J. , Heinrich Christine L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 15‐year‐old Cob mare presented with a 4‐month history of chronic epiphora and intermittent blepharospasm in the right eye. On ophthalmic examination, two translucent aberrant hairs were identified at the third eyelid margin corresponding to an area of corneal fibrosis and neovascularization. Partial excision of the third eyelid was performed, and histopathology confirmed ectopic hair follicles. Two weeks later, clinical signs recurred in the same eye. Examination revealed another pair of aberrant hairs on the bulbar surface of the third eyelid near its leading edge. This portion of the third eyelid was also excised, and histopathology confirmed two additional ectopic hair follicles. Eight months later, the horse developed similar clinical signs in the left eye. Ophthalmic examination showed a single aberrant translucent hair at the third eyelid margin associated with focal fibrosis and neovascularization of the ventromedial cornea. Partial excision of the third eyelid was performed, and histopathology confirmed an ectopic hair follicle within the third eyelid conjunctiva. Excision was curative at 4 years postoperatively with no further recurrence in either eye.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Evelyn Angelia 
Published: August 2020

Applied Finance and Accounting [AFA] would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AFA publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 2Anastasia Kopaneli, University of Patras, GreeceAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelAnna Viktorovna Kravchuk, Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, UkraineAnthony Okafor, University of Louisville, USADapeng Zhu, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, ChinaFabio Rizzato, University of Turin, ItalyGheorghe Morosan, Stefan Cel Mare University Suceava Romania, RomaniaJayendra S. Gokhale, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USALuca Sensini, University of Salerno, ItalyLuo Yongli, Houston Baptist University, United StatesMarco Muscettola, Independent researcher, ItalyMohammad Sami Ali Al-Dahrawi, Zarqa University, JordanNicoleta Radneantu, Romanian – American University, RomanianRui Fernandes, Porto Accounting and Business School, PortugalShahram Fattahi, Razi University, Iran Angelia EvelynEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Finance and AccountingRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://afa.redfame.com
Effects associated with the use of healthcare for eating disorders by women in the community: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Holtzhausen Nicol , Mannan Haider , Foroughi Nasim , Hay Phillipa 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThis study examined formal and informal healthcare use (HCU) in community women with disordered eating, and associations of HCU with mental health-related quality of life (MHRQoL), psychological distress, mental health literacy (MHL) and eating disorder (ED) symptoms over time.HypothesisWe hypothesised that HCU would lead to improvement in ED symptom severity, MHRQoL, MHL and psychological distress.Design, setting, participantsData were from years 2, 4 and 9 of a longitudinal cohort of 443 community women (mean age 30.6, SE 0.4 years) with a range of ED symptoms, randomly recruited from the Australian Capital Territory electoral role or via convenience sampling from tertiary education centres. Data were collected using posted/emailed self-report questionnaires; inclusion criteria were completion of the HCU questionnaire at time point of 2 years (baseline for this study). HCU was measured using a multiple-choice question on help seeking for an eating problem. To test the effect of HCU over time on MHRQoL (Short Form-12 score), psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score), ED symptom severity (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire score) and ED–MHL, linear or logistic mixed-effects regression analyses were used.Results20% of participants sought ED-specific help at baseline; more than half of participants sought help that was not evidence based. HCU at baseline was significantly associated with improved MHRQoL and ED symptom severity and decreased psychological distress over time (Cohen’s d all >0.3, ie, small). HCU was not significantly associated with MHL over time. The predictive ability of the fitted models ranged from 32.18% to 42.42% for psychological distress and MHL treatment, respectively.ConclusionsFormal and informal HCU were associated with small improvements in ED symptoms, MHRQoL and psychological distress but not with improved MHL. Informal services in ED management should be investigated further along with efforts to improve ED–MHL.
Self-reported disability in relation to mortality in rural Malawi: a longitudinal study of over 16 000 adults
Authors: Prynn Josephine E , Dube Albert , Mkandawire Joseph , Koole Olivier , Geis Steffen , Mwaiyeghele Elenaus , Mwiba Oddie , Price Alison J , Kachiwanda Lackson , Nyirenda Moffat , Kuper Hannah , Crampin Amelia C 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesWe investigated whether self-reported disability was associated with mortality in adults in rural Malawi.SettingKaronga Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS), Northern Malawi.ParticipantsAll adults aged 18 and over residing in the HDSS were eligible to participate. During annual censuses in 2014 and 2015, participants were asked if they experienced difficulty in any of six functional domains and were classified as having disabilities if they reported ‘a lot of difficulty’ or ‘can’t do at all’ in any domain. Mortality data were collected until 31 December 2017. 16 748 participants (10 153 women and 6595 men) were followed up for a median of 29 months.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe used Poisson regression to examine the relationship between disability and all-cause mortality adjusting for confounders. We assessed whether this relationship altered in the context of obesity, hypertension, diabetes or HIV. We also evaluated whether mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCD) was higher among people who had reported disability, as determined by verbal autopsy.ResultsAt baseline, 7.6% reported a disability and the overall adult mortality rate was 9.1/1000 person-years. Adults reporting disability had an all-cause mortality rate 2.70 times higher than those without, and mortality rate from NCDs 2.33 times higher than those without.ConclusionsSelf-reported disability predicts mortality at all adult ages in rural Malawi. Interventions to improve access to healthcare and other services are needed.
Quality of life and added value of a tailored palliative care intervention in patients with soft tissue sarcoma undergoing treatment with trabectedin: a multicentre, cluster-randomised trial within the German Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Group (GISG)
Authors: Hentschel Leopold , Richter Stephan , Kopp Hans-Georg , Kasper Bernd , Kunitz Annegret , Grünwald Viktor , Kessler Torsten , Chemnitz Jens Marcus , Pelzer Uwe , Schuler Ulrich , Freitag Janet , Schilling Andrea , Hornemann Beate , Arndt Karin , Bornhäuser Martin , Schuler Markus Kajo 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe choice of drug treatment in advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) continues to be a challenge regarding efficacy, quality of life (QoL) and toxicity. Unlike other cancer types, where integrating patient-reported outcomes (PRO) has proven to be beneficial for QoL, there is no such evidence in patients with STS as of now. The YonLife trial aimed to explore the effect of a tailored multistep intervention on QoL, symptoms and survival in patients with advanced STS undergoing treatment with trabectedin as well as identifying predictors of QoL.DesignYonLife is a cluster-randomised, open-label, proof-of-concept study. The intervention incorporates electronic PRO assessment, a case vignette and expert-consented treatment recommendations.ParticipantsSix hospitals were randomised to the control arm (CA) or interventional arm (IA). Seventy-nine patients were included of whom 40 were analysed as per-protocol analysis set.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary end point was the change of Functional Assessment for Cancer Therapy (FACT-G) total score after 9 weeks. Secondary outcomes included QoL (FACT-G subscales), anorexia and cachexia (Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT)), symptoms (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI)), anxiety and depression (HADS), pain intensity and interference (Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)) and survival assessment.ResultsAfter 9 weeks of treatment, QoL declined less in the IA (ΔFACT-G total score: −2.4, 95% CI: −9.2 to 4.5) as compared with CA (ΔFACT-G total score: −3.9; 95% CI:−11.3 to 3.5; p=0.765). In almost all FACT-G subscales, average declines were lower in IA, but without reaching statistical significance. Smaller adverse trends between arms were observed for MDASI, FAACT, HADS and BPI scales. These trends failed to reach statistical significance. Overall mean survival was longer in IA (648 days) than in CA (389 days, p=0.110). QoL was predicted by symptom severity, symptom interference, depression and anxiety.ConclusionOur data suggest a potentially favourable effect of an electronic patient-reported outcomes based intervention on QoL that needs to be reappraised in confirmatory studies.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT02204111).
Analysing regional unemployment rates, GDP per capita and financial support for regional suicide prevention programme on suicide mortality in Japan using governmental statistical data
Authors: Okada Motohiro , Hasegawa Toshiki , Kato Ryo , Shiroyama Takashi 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo explore the mechanisms of reduced suicide mortality in Japan, which decreased from 25.7 to 16.5 per 100 000 people following the comprehensive suicide prevention programme from 2009 to 2018, the present study determined the relationship between regional suicide mortality, socioeconomic data (GDP per capita, unemployment rates) and financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes.Design and settingStepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effects of regional GDP per capita, unemployment rates and implementation amount of financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes (Emergency Fund to Enhance Community-Based Suicide Countermeasures—EFECBSC) on age and gender disaggregated suicide mortalities in Japan between 2009 and 2018. Data on each prefecture’s complete unemployment rates, GDP per capita and implementation amount of EFECBSC sub-divisions were derived from an official Japanese governmental database.ResultsBoth prefectural enlightenment and intervention model programmes were found to lead to a decrease in male suicide mortality, but were less effective in reducing female suicide mortality. Municipal enlightenment and intervention model programmes were also less effective in reducing suicide mortality. Municipal development programmes for listener and leader led to a greater decrease in suicide mortality for both men and women compared with such programmes at the prefectural level. Contrary to our expectations, reduced complete unemployment rate only reduced suicide mortality in the older male population without affecting female suicide mortality.ConclusionThe study findings suggest an inverse relationship between financial support and suicide mortality in Japan. Furthermore, independent factors in the reduction of suicide mortality rates provide important information for planning evidence-based and cost-effective regional suicide prevention programmes.
Brain metastasis PD-L1 and CD8 expression is dependent on primary tumor type and its PD-L1 and CD8 status
Authors: Camy Florian , Karpathiou Georgia , Dumollard Jean Marc , Magne Nicolas , Perrot Jean Luc , Vassal Francois , Picot Tiphanie , Mobarki Mousa , Forest Fabien , Casteillo Francois , Hathroubi Sirine , Froudarakis Marios , Peoc'h Michel 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundBrain metastases (Bmets) are frequent; however, limited data exist on the efficacy of immunotherapy in these lesions. The aims of the study were to analyze the immunohistochemical expressions of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD8 in Bmets and to compare them with their expressions in paired primary tumors, as well as correlate the results with clinicopathological features.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 233 patients with Bmets and 111 paired primaries. Clinical, histological, and molecular data were recorded and compared with the immunohistochemical results of PD-L1 and CD8 expressions. The statistical analysis included χ2test, Cramer’s V test, factorial analyses of variance, simple regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank product limit estimation.ResultsPD-L1 expression was found in 23.6% of Bmets and in 29.0% of primary tumors with concordant expression between them in 75.5% of cases. Bmets PD-L1 expression was associated with primary tumor PD-L1 expression and the primary tumor type. Significant CD8 peritumoral expression was found in 68.6% of Bmets and in 87.7% of primary tumors. CD8 expression was concordant between primary and metastatic tumors in 73.3% of cases. Bmets CD8 expression was associated with primary tumor CD8 expression and primary tumor type. PD-L1 expression was associated with CD8 expression in both primary and metastatic tumors. The concordance between primary and metastatic tumor PD-L1 expression was independent of all factors studied. The concordance between primary and metastatic CD8 expressions was marginally associated to the time of Bmets development. No prognostic role for PD-L1 and CD8 expression in Bmets was found.ConclusionPD-L1 and CD8 Bmets expressions are associated with the primary tumor type and its PD-L1 and CD8 expressions. No factor predicts the discordance for PD-L1 expression, while time to Bmets development is associated with CD8 expression discordance.
Arterial wall injury and miRNA expression induced by stent retriever thrombectomy under stenotic conditions in a dog model
Authors: Deng Jiangshan , Zhang Yiran , He Guangchen , Lu Haitao , Zhao Yuwu , Li Yuehua , Zhu Yueqi 
Published: August 2020

Background
Acute ischemic stroke can be caused by in situ stenotic vessel occlusion. In the present study, we compared the extent of arterial wall damage and miRNA expression following stent retriever use under normal and stenotic conditions.

Methods
The stent retriever procedure was simulated in three dogs by the creation of four stenoses on each side of the common carotid artery (CCA) to allow five stent passages. Device safety was also assessed in normal control models by five passages through both CCAs. Device manipulation-related damage to the arterial walls was evaluated and compared between groups by angiography and pathological analysis. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the differences in the expression of miRNAs between the two groups.

Results
Twenty-four stenoses were created in three model dogs, and the mean stenosis rate was 65.58%±18.95%. Angiography revealed greater vasospasm in the stenotic group than in the non-stenotic group (1.17±0.17 vs 0.5±0.23; P=0.04). Pathological examination revealed that SR passage through the stenotic lumen caused higher injury scores (1.63±0.19 vs 0.25±0.09 for the non-stenotic lumen; P<0.001), more endothelial denudation (1.79±0.13 vs 0.58±0.13 for the non-stenotic lumen; P<0.001), and increased thrombus deposition (0.71±0.14 vs 0±0 for the non-stenotic lumen; P<0.001). miR21-3p, miR29-3p, and miR26a were upregulated in stenotic vessels compared with non-stenotic vessels after SR thrombectomy (P<0.001).

Conclusion
In our model dogs, SR thrombectomy resulted in more severe tissue damage to the arterial wall under stenotic conditions than under non-stenotic conditions. The damage may have resulted from upregulation of miR21-3p, miR29-3p, and miR26a expression.