bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LPS‐induced inflammation desensitizes hepatocytes to Fas‐induced apoptosis through Stat3 activation—The effect can be reversed by ruxolitinib
Authors: Markotic Antonio , Flegar Darja , Grcevic Danka , Sucur Alan , Lalic Hrvoje , Turcic Petra , Kovacic Natasa , Lukac Nina , Pravdic Danijel , Vukojevic Katarina , Cavar Ivan , Kelava Tomislav 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent studies have established a concept of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)/Fas signalling crosstalk, highlighting TNF‐α as a critical cytokine in sensitizing hepatocytes to death induced by Fas activation. However, in the exact inflammatory response, besides TNF‐α, many other mediators, that might modulate apoptotic response differentially, are released. To resolve the issue, we studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the crucial inductors of inflammation in the liver, on apoptotic outcome. We show that LPS‐induced inflammation diminishes the sensitivity of hepatocytes to Fas stimulus in vivo at caspase‐8 level. Analysis of molecular mechanisms revealed an increased expression of various pro‐inflammatory cytokines in non‐parenchymal liver cells and hepatocyte‐specific increase in Bcl‐xL, associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) phosphorylation. Pre‐treatment with ruxolitinib, a selective Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, prevented the LPS‐induced Stat3 phosphorylation and restored the sensitivity of hepatocytes to Fas‐mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, ruxolitinib pre‐treatment diminished the LPS‐induced Bcl‐xL up‐regulation without an inhibitory effect on LPS‐induced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In summary, although the reports are showing that the effects of isolated pro‐inflammatory mediators, such as TNF‐α or neutrophils, are pro‐apoptotic, the overall effect of inflammatory milieu on hepatocytes in vivo is Stat3‐dependent desensitization to Fas‐mediated apoptosis.
Impact of baseline characteristics on glycemic effects of add‐on saxagliptin or acarbose to metformin therapy: Subgroup analysis of the SMART study in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fang Hui , Xu Fengmei , Du Jin , Liang Li , Li Wei , Shen Liya , Wang Xueying , Xu Chun , Bian Fang , Mu Yiming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis secondary analysis of the 24‐week SMART study examined the efficacy of add‐on saxagliptin or acarbose to metformin across different patient subgroups with type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on baseline characteristics.Materials and MethodsRandomized patients (n = 481) were classified into subgroups based on their baseline age (<65, ≥65 years), body mass index (BMI; <24, 24–<28, ≥28 kg/m2), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; <8%, 8–<9%, 9–<10%, ≥10%) and renal function (creatinine clearance 50–<80, ≥80 mL/min). Treatment effects on primary outcome (HbA1c) and key secondary outcomes of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2‐h postprandial glucose and homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function were assessed across patient subgroups.ResultsFor saxagliptin, reductions in HbA1c from baseline to week 24 were consistent across different subgroups regardless of baseline age, body mass index, HbA1c and renal function (range −0.66 to −1.16%). Saxagliptin was associated with consistent reductions in FPG (−0.60 to −1.33 mmol/L) and 2‐h postprandial glucose (−0.48 to −1.95 mmol/L) across the majority of subgroups studied. The efficacy of acarbose on FPG attenuated progressively with increasing baseline HbA1c (+0.86 to −1.43 mmol/L); an increase from baseline FPG was observed in patients with HbA1c >9%. The effect of acarbose on postprandial glucose was also variable (+0.23 to −3.38 mmol/L).ConclusionsAs add‐on to metformin, both saxagliptin and acarbose reduced HbA1c regardless of baseline HbA1c, age, body mass index and renal function; however, only saxagliptin was effective at a stable glycemic control (FPG and PPG). The efficacy of acarbose on FPG and PPG was significantly attenuated in patients with higher baseline HbA1c (≥8%).
Shape of the glucose response curve during an oral glucose tolerance test is associated with insulin clearance and muscle insulin sensitivity in healthy non‐obese men
Authors: Kaga Hideyoshi , Tamura Yoshifumi , Takeno Kageumi , Kakehi Saori , Someya Yuki , Funayama Takashi , Furukawa Yasuhiko , Suzuki Ruriko , Sugimoto Daisuke , Kadowaki Satoshi , Nishitani‐Yokoyama Miho , Shimada Kazunori , Daida Hiroyuki , Aoki Shigeki , Giacca Adria , Sato Hiroaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIndividuals with a monophasic glucose response curve (GRC) during a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test have a higher risk for type 2 diabetes than those with a biphasic GRC. However, no studies have addressed the association between GRC type and insulin clearance. Thus, we studied 49 healthy non‐obese Japanese men. We divided study participants into the monophasic or biphasic group based on the shape of their GRC. We evaluated tissue‐specific insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance using a two‐step hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp. The monophasic group had more visceral fat, lower insulin clearance and lower muscle insulin sensitivity than the biphasic group, whereas liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion were comparable. In conclusion, healthy non‐obese men with a monophasic GRC have lower insulin clearance and muscle insulin sensitivity.
Case report of superior mesenteric artery syndrome that developed in a lean type 2 diabetes patient and was associated with rapid body weight loss after sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor administration
Authors: Hirai Taro , Kitada Munehiro , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Monno Itaru , Takagaki Yuta , Shimada Keiji , Ogura Yoshio , Fujii Mizue , Konishi Kazunori , Nakagawa Atsushi , Koya Daisuke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA 58‐year‐old women who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 20 years earlier had been treated with antidiabetic medicines since she was aged 40 years. After sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors administration, her bodyweight rapidly decreased from 40 to 30 kg over a period of 3 weeks. She had abdominal symptoms, including nausea, especially after a meal. On admission, physical examinations and laboratory data showed euglycemic ketoacidosis, dehydration and low insulin secretion levels. Additionally, abdominal contrast computed tomography showed the finding of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. This case urges caution, including rapid excessive bodyweight loss and euglycemic ketoacidosis, on the use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 for lean diabetes patients.
Prevalence of diabetes in Japanese patients with cancer
Authors: Saito Eiko , Goto Atsushi , Kanehara Rieko , Ohashi Ken , Noda Mitsuhiko , Matsuda Tomohiro , Katanoda Kota 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCancer patients with diabetes experience a poorer prognosis, yet the population burden of this multimorbidity remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate the latest incidence and prevalence of cancer with diabetes mellitus in Japan. We used projection of cancer incidence and latest survival data from population‐based cancer registries. The incidence of cancer associated with diabetes was estimated separately for patients with pre‐existing diabetes and those without diabetes, and used to estimate the 5‐year cancer prevalence for those with and without diabetes. The prevalence of pre‐existing diabetes in cancer patients at any cancer site was estimated to be 20.7% (647,160 men and women). Among cancer sites, diabetes prevalence was high in patients with liver and pancreatic cancers in both sexes. In conclusion, our study shows a large burden of diabetes in cancer patients in Japan, which warrants further attention by health practitioners and policy‐makers.
Numerical study of rusk checking during storage
Authors: Monteau Jean‐Yves , Guihard Luc , Le‐Bail Alain 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChecking is a recurring problem in the dry cereal products industry which involves hydromechanical and thermomechanical phenomena. This study focuses on the hydromechanical problem at constant temperature. The objective is to develop a model giving access to stress and the resulting strain fields in a rusk undergoing moisture equilibration during a 7‐day storage period in closed packaging to understand how checking occurs. A model was developed and implemented with Comsol Multiphysics. The effect of cells and the shape of the rusk on the stress field is investigated. Set‐ups were designed to determine the model parameters. Simulations showed that the rusks undergo shrinkage caused by moisture equilibration. Stresses reached maximal values around the cells of the matrix. The stress field varied significantly with the shape of the rusk.Practical ApplicationsChecking in dry cereal products is a recurrent problem that has not yet been solved for many products, as it depends on the formulation of the latter and the processes used. Rusks, in particular, are subject to this phenomenon. This work provides elements for understanding the checking mechanism. It provides guidance to manufacturers on how to modify their processes to reduce the proportion of rusks that crack during storage.
Risk factors and a predictive nomogram for lymph node metastasis of superficial esophagogastric junction cancer
Authors: Zhu Min , Cao Bin , Li Xiao , Li Peng , Wen Zixian , Ji Jiafu , Min Li , Zhang Shutian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimNo predictive model for lymph node metastasis (LNM) of superficial esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer exists. This study aimed to evaluate incidence, identify risk factors, and develop a predictive nomogram for LNM in patients with superficial EGJ cancers.MethodsData were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for model development and internal validation. Another data set was obtained from two hospitals for external validation. A nomogram was developed based on independent risk factors that resulted from a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Internal and external validations were performed to assess the performance of nomogram model by receiver operating characteristic and calibration plot.ResultsPrevalence of LNM was 11.41% for intramucosal cancer and increased to 26.50% for submucosal cancer. On the multivariate analysis, large tumor size (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42; P < 0.001), moderately and poorly/un‐differentiated pathological type (OR = 5.62 and 7.67; P = 0.024 and 0.008, respectively), and submucosal invasion (OR = 2.73; P = 0.004) were independent risk factors of LNM. The nomogram incorporating these three predictors demonstrated good discrimination (area under the estimated receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.68, 0.80) and calibration (mean absolute error was 0.012). Moreover, the discrimination in the internal and external validation sets was good (AUC: 0.73 [95%CI: 0.66, 0.81] and 0.74 [95%CI: 0.60, 0.89], respectively). Nomogram provided better clinical usefulness as assessed by a decision curve analysis.ConclusionsPrevalence of LNM in superficial EGJ cancer was high. The first risk‐predictive nomogram model for LNM of superficial EGJ cancer may help clinicians to decide optimal treatment option preoperatively.
Shifting frontier dynamics in Latin America
Authors: Kröger Markus , Nygren Anja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe concepts of resource frontier and commodity frontier are often treated interchangeably. This article suggests the benefits of clarifying these concepts because frontiers remain important analytics for understanding drastic land‐use changes and other socio‐environmental transformations. Based on long‐term field research in different parts of South and Central America, we use frontier concepts as heuristic devices to analyze heterogeneous frontier situations and make broader generalizations. Our synchronic and diachronic analyses of frontier dynamics elucidate different frontier modalities and shifting frontier expansions. The concept of commoditizing resource frontier is introduced to explain recent frontier‐makings in Brazilian Amazonia and Cerrado and in the Nicaraguan Río San Juan. Although earlier frontier research took a short‐term time perspective and created conceptualizations based on a single modality of a particular period, our longitudinal analysis shows that drastic changes and complex overlappings are the hallmarks of frontier dynamics.
Pregnancy outcomes after day 5 versus day 6 blastocyst‐stage embryo transfer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yi‐xin , Wang Jin , Sun Tian‐ze , Lv Mo‐qi , Ge Pan , Li Hao‐nan , Zhou Dang‐xia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the pregnancy outcomes after day 5 blastocyst‐stage embryo transfers (BET) versus day 6 BET following vitrified‐warmed cycle and to evaluate whether the number of embryos transferred and the chromosomal status of embryo influence effect estimates.MethodsA literature search (PubMed, Embase and MEDLINE) up to January 2019 was conducted to identify studies where women with day 6 BET were compared to women with day 5 BET. Only studies published in English language, on peer‐reviewed journal were considered eligible. The following subgroup analyses were performed: (i) number of embryos transferred and (ii) chromosomal status of embryo.ResultsFrom a total of 1956 articles identified, 23 observational studies were included in the meta‐analysis. We observed that day 6 BET were associated with lower implantation rate (risk ratio, RR: 1.17, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.10–1.24), clinical pregnancy rate (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10–1.24), ongoing pregnancy rate (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.24) and live birth rate (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.33) than day 5 BET following vitrified‐warmed cycle. The subgroup analysis found that the superiority of day 5 BET compared with day 6 BET is influenced by the number of embryos transferred and chromosomal status of embryos.ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that day 5 BET is superior to day 6 BET following vitrified‐warmed cycle in clinical practice. Due to the overall low quality of available evidence, more larger and well‐conducted studies are needed to compare the pregnancy outcomes between day 5 and day 6 BET before drawing a clear conclusion.
Long‐term impact of lymphadenectomies in patients with low‐grade, early‐stage uterine endometrial stroma sarcoma
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Ning , Wang Wenpeng , Yao Hongwen , An Jusheng , Li Nan , Sun Yangchun , Wu Lingying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of our study was to investigate the lymph node metastasis (LNM) rate and effect of lymph node dissection (LND) in patients with stage I, low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS).MethodsPatients with stage I LGESS (n = 119) that underwent surgery from July 1969 to July 2017, following up over 48 years at the China National Cancer Center were retrospectively analyzed in this study.ResultsSurgical records and consulting data for patients with LGESS were analyzed to find that 47 patients received systematic pelvic LND. The number of patients with menopause in the LND(+) group were significantly lower than those in LND(−) group (2.1% vs 22.2%, P = 0.005), meanwhile, patients received bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy procedure in LND(+) group were significantly higher than LND(−) (97.9% vs 58.3%, P < 0.001). Neither progression‐free survival nor overall survival was significantly improved in the LND(+) group even after propensity score matching although the progression‐free survival has a stronger trend in LND(+) population.ConclusionA systematic LND was not significantly associated with prognosis for patients with early‐stage LGESS. There is no sufficient indication for a systematic LND for patients with early‐stage LGESS. A systematic LND might be necessary if enlarged lymph nodes were detected by image graphology or observation during surgery.
Introduction: the advent of precision public health and the future of dental public health
Authors: Cappelli David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOn the surface, the precision oral health movement seems to be at odds with dental public health. After all, precision oral health care focuses on the individual patient, where dental public health addresses the oral health needs of populations.ObjectiveThe American Institute of Dental Public Health (AIDPH) convened a colloquium to discuss the role of dental public health in the future of precision oral health.MethodsOn January 25 and 26, 2018, nine thought leaders from across the US outlined the potential role of public health, and more specifically dental public health, in the world of precision public health. Six of the speakers were invited to share their thoughts in this special edition.ResultsThe special issue of the Journal of Public Health Dentistry shares the knowledge and insight provided by the speakers at the colloquium. It is with gratitude for their contribution, as well as, the contribution of the reviewers, organizers of the colloquium, and those in attendance who contributed their collective knowledge that we present this issue. Special thanks to HRSA for their support of this work (D88HP28510).
Quality Performance of Rural and Urban Home Health Agencies: Implications for Rural Add‐On Payment Policies
Authors: Chen Hsueh‐Fen , Landes Reid D. , Schuldt Robert F. , Tilford J. Mick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine the differences in quality performance among agencies in urban areas and those in high utilization, low population density, and all other rural areas, defined in the Bipartisan Budget Act (BBA).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using 2015 data: the Home Health Compare, the Home Health Agency Utilization and Payment Use, the Provider of Services, and the Area Health Resources Files, and a file with rural categories in BBA. The quality measures included (1) hospitalizations, (2) emergency visits, (3) patient experience, (4) composite scores for improvement in activities of daily living (ADL), (5) improvement in pain and treating symptoms, (6) preventing harm, and (7) treating wounds and preventing pressure sores. We applied weighted least squares regression.FindingsAmong all quality measures, differences in emergency visits of the 3 rural categories from urban agencies were the largest. The adjusted mean emergency visit for urban agencies was 12.42%, with agencies in rural areas having 1.01‐1.96 percentage points higher rates than urban agencies (95% CI: 0.72‐1.29 for high utilization areas, 95% CI: 0.51‐3.42 for low population areas, and 95% CI: 1.28‐1.78 for all other areas).ConclusionsThe differences in the quality of care among agencies in 3 categories of rural areas were small, except for emergency visits. Given policies to reduce rural add‐on payments for home health services, continued monitoring of the services provided and the quality of care by home health agencies in rural areas is recommended.
Combining deep features and activity context to improve recognition of activities of workers in groups
Authors: Luo Xiaochun , Li Heng , Yu Yantao , Zhou Cheng , Cao Dongping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAutomatic activity recognition plays an important role in addressing the efficiency issue of site management. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in vision‐based activity recognition, while its relatively low recognition accuracy and speed impede the practical application. This paper introduces a discriminative model to combine deep activity features and contextual information to improve the recognition of activities of workers on foot in site surveillance videos. Specifically, a conditional random field (CRF) model is designed based on deep activity features, which are extracted with a single‐stream deep activity recognition network, and spatial relevance, which are obtained with a tracking‐by‐detection multiple‐object tracking method. We have evaluated various deep activity features, including action features, activity features, and joint features. Also, we have parameterized the contextual information of activities in terms of spatial relevance and represent the context with graphs of K‐nearest neighbors. The experimental results show that the CRF model based on deep activity features and activity context can significantly improve activity recognition performance to 98.77% average accuracy by 22.10% from the baseline 77.67%, which is obtained using the single‐stream deep activity recognition network, with a small computational overhead of 0.025 ms per segment.
The FiberTAG project: Tagging dietary fibre intake by measuring biomarkers related to the gut microbiota and their interest for health
Authors: Neyrinck A. M. , Rodriguez J. , Vinoy S. , Maquet V. , Walter J. , Bischoff S. C. , Laville M. , Delzenne N. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe scientific rationale for dietary fibre intake recommendations comes from the recognition of their benefits for health based on studies first published many years ago. It remains unclear which are the key physiological effects generated by dietary fibre in view of the diversity of the food components considered as dietary fibre, of the relevance of their classification (soluble and insoluble) and from the recent discoveries putting forward their interactions with the gut microbiota. The project FiberTAG (Joint Programming Initiative ‘A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life’ 2017–2020 www.fibertag.eu/) aims to establish a set of biomarkers (markers of gut barrier function and bacterial co‐metabolites including volatile compounds and lipid derivatives), measured in different biological compartments (faeces, blood or breath) linking dietary fibre intake and gut microbiota‐related health effects. The FiberTAG consortium brings together academic and industrial partners from Belgium, France, Germany and Canada to share data and samples obtained from existing as well as new intervention studies in order to evaluate the relevance of such biomarkers. The FiberTAG consortium is currently working on five existing cohorts (prospective observational or nutritional interventions in healthy or obese patients), and a number of new intervention studies to analyse the effect of insoluble dietary fibre (wheat bran and chitin‐glucan, provided by the industrial partners) in healthy individuals or in obese patients at high cardiometabolic risk.
Vernalization shapes shoot architecture and ensures the maintenance of dormant buds in the perennial Arabis alpina
Authors: Vayssières Alice , Mishra Priyanka , Roggen Adrian , Neumann Ulla , Ljung Karin , Albani Maria C. 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Perennials have a complex shoot architecture with axillary meristems organized in zones of differential bud activity and fate. This includes zones of buds maintained dormant for multiple seasons and used as reservoirs for potential growth in case of damage. The shoot of Arabis alpina, a perennial relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, consists of a zone of dormant buds placed between subapical vegetative and basal flowering branches. This shoot architecture is shaped after exposure to prolonged cold, required for flowering.

To understand how vernalization ensures the maintenance of dormant buds, we performed physiological and transcriptome studies, followed the spatiotemporal changes of auxin, and generated transgenic plants.

Our results demonstrate that the complex shoot architecture in A. alpina is shaped by its flowering behavior, specifically the initiation of inflorescences during cold treatment and rapid flowering after subsequent exposure to growth‐promoting conditions. Dormant buds are already formed before cold treatment. However, dormancy in these buds is enhanced during, and stably maintained after, vernalization by a BRC1‐dependent mechanism. Post‐vernalization, stable maintenance of dormant buds is correlated with increased auxin response, transport, and endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid levels in the stem.

Here, we provide a functional link between flowering and the maintenance of dormant buds in perennials.