bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexibility in peritoneal dialysis prescription: Impact on technique survival
Authors: Navaratnarajah Arunraj , Clemenger Michelle , McGrory Jacqueline , Hisole Nora , Chelapurath Titus , Corbett Richard W , Brown Edwina A 
Published: March 2020

Background: Patient burnout is a major cause of technique failure on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Reducing the PD prescription on an individual basis, dependent upon residual kidney function (RKF), may have a role in prolonging time on PD by reducing dialysis burden. This retrospective study aimed to determine the safety and impact of flexible PD prescribing on technique and patient survival. Methods: All patients (186) from our centre starting PD from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2016 were included. Data on dialysis prescription were collected for each patient from the time they had started PD, and dialysis adequacy measured regularly (3–6 monthly) using PD Adequest. Results: Median age at start of dialysis was 61 years. Only 49% started on PD 7 days a week and this dropped to 27% at 3 months following the first clearance test. Over 90% achieved creatinine clearance > 50 L/week/1.73 m2 up to 2 years of follow-up, with 87% achieving this standard at 3 years. Patient and technique survival at 1, 2 and 3 years were 91%, 81%, and 72%, and 89%, 87% and 78% respectively. Factors on univariate analysis affecting technique survival included increasing age (HR 0.98, p = 0.04, 95% CI (0.96–0.999)), two or more episodes of PD-associated peritonitis (HR 4.52, p = 0.00, 95% CI (1.87–10.91)) and increasing PD intensity (HR 3.30, p = 0.02, 95% CI (1.22–8.93)). After multivariate adjustment which included baseline kidney function, low PD intensity continued to be associated with better technique survival (HR 0.17, p = 0.03, 95% CI (0.03–0.85)). Conclusion: Tailoring the PD prescription to RKF enables days off dialysis while still maintaining recommended levels of small solute clearance. This approach reduces dialysis burden and is associated with higher technique survival.
Epithelial downgrowth after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Le Viet Nhat Hung , Wabnig Florian , Bachmann Bjoern , Cursiefen Claus 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To describe a patient with epithelial downgrowth after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Methods: Case report. Results: A 73-year-old woman underwent triple Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty for cataract and corneal edema secondary to Fuchs endothelial dystrophy in the left eye elsewhere. Three years later, Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty was performed at our department due to graft failure. One month after the operation, her vision improved to 20/32 and maintained stable. At the 14-month visit, her visual acuity decreased, and a routine examination revealed epithelial downgrowth at the posterior surface of the cornea and partly beneath the graft, accompanied by presumed graft rejection. Therefore, repeat Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty with epithelial scraping and intracameral injection of 5-fluorouracil was indicated. She recovered 20/25 vision by 1 month after the surgery. However, small sheet-like epithelial downgrowth recurred 1 month later. The epithelial downgrowth was limited to the peripheral margin of the Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty graft and did not affect the visual axis. Epithelial downgrowth showed “islands” with connection between epithelial downgrowth and clear corneal incision on anterior segment optical coherence tomography images. Histopathologic evaluation of the removed Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty graft confirmed conjunctival epithelium as the source. Under close observation at the current 4-year follow-up, the epithelial downgrowth remained stable and localized and her vision increased to 20/20. Conclusion: Epithelial downgrowth can occur after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. The limited progression of epithelial downgrowth in this patient suggests that this condition after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty even in the recurrence stage may cause less damage than expected and may only need to be observed closely if no progression occurs.
Challenges in multiple sclerosis diagnosis: Misunderstanding and misapplication of the McDonald criteria
Authors: Solomon Andrew J , Pettigrew Roman , Naismith Robert T , Chahin Salim , Krieger Stephen , Weinshenker Brian 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To assess comprehension and application of the McDonald criteria. Background: Studies suggest that knowledge gaps for specific core elements of the McDonald criteria may contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) misdiagnosis. Methods: Neurology residents (NR) and multiple sclerosis specialists (MSS) in North America completed a web-based survey. Results: A total of 160 participants were included: 72 NR and 88 MSS. Syndromes incorrectly identified as typical of MS included: complete transverse myelopathy (35% NR and 15% MSS), intractable vomiting/nausea/hiccoughs (20% NR and 5% MSS), and bilateral optic neuritis/unilateral optic neuritis with poor visual recovery (17% NR and 10% MSS). Periventricular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions were correctly identified by 39% NR and 52% MSS, and juxtacortical lesions were correctly identified by 28% NR and 53% MSS. The correct definition of “periventricular” was chosen by 38% NR and 61% MSS, and that of “juxtacortical” was chosen by 19% NR and 54% MSS. Regions incorrectly identified for MRI dissemination in space fulfillment included the optic nerve (31% NR and 26% MSS) and the subcortical white matter (11% NR and 18% MSS). The majority of participants assessed previous non-specific neurological symptoms without objective evidence of a central nervous system (CNS) lesion as sufficient for clinical dissemination in time. Conclusion: The McDonald criteria are often misunderstood and misapplied. Concerted educational efforts may prevent MS misdiagnosis.
Basal thumb osteoarthritis surgery improves health state utility irrespective of technique: a study of UK Hand Registry data
Authors: Lane Jennifer C. E. , Rodrigues Jeremy N. , Furniss Dominic , Burn Edward , Poulter Robert , Gardiner Matthew D. 
Published: March 2020

We used UK Hand Registry data to study two aspects of basal thumb osteoarthritis surgery: first, whether health-related quality of life improves after surgery. Second, whether results from trials comparing simple trapeziectomy and trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition are reproducible in routine clinical practice. Prospectively collected EQ5D index and Patient Evaluation Measure part 2 data were compared at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively in 1456 patients (median age 67 years; 78% female). A mixed-effects regression model was also used to determine the postoperative trajectory of these variables. There was a significant improvement in the EQ5D index (median + 0.15; (interquartile range 0 to 0.40)) and Patient Evaluation Measure (–22; (–33 to –10)) by 1 year postoperatively and with no meaningful difference between the two techniques. This study demonstrates health state utility gains after basal thumb osteoarthritis surgery regardless of surgical techniques used. Level of evidence: III
Associations of Early Sport Specialization and High Training Volume With Injury Rates in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes
Authors: Ahlquist Seth , Cash Brian M. , Hame Sharon L. 
Published: March 2020

Background: There are 60 million US youth who participate in organized athletics, with large increases in both sport participation and specialization during the past 2 decades. There is some evidence that increased sport specialization and training volumes may be associated with increased injuries in adolescent populations. This study examines these variables in a population of elite college athletes. Hypothesis: Early sport specialization (ESS) and a high training volume are risk factors for injury and/or surgery in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All Division I athletes at a single institution were surveyed regarding demographics, scholarship status, reason for specialization, age at specialization, training volume, and injury history. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to identify significant differences. Results: Athletes who specialized in their eventual varsity sport before age 14 years were more likely to report a history of injuries (86.9% vs 71.4%), multiple injuries (64.6% vs 48.8%), multiple college injuries (17.2% vs 6.0%), a greater number of total injuries (2.0 vs 1.0), and require more time out for an injury (15.2 vs 6.5 weeks) than those who did not. They were also more likely to be recruited (92.9% vs 82.1%) and receive a scholarship (82.8% vs 67.9%). Athletes who trained for greater than 28 hours per week in their eventual varsity sport before high school were more likely to report multiple injuries (90.0% vs 56.3%), multiple college injuries (40.0% vs 12.5%), a surgical injury (60.0% vs 22.9%), multiple surgical injuries (30.0% vs 4.7%), a greater number of total injuries (2.5 vs 2.0), and more time out for an injury (36.5 vs 11.0 weeks) than those who did not (all P < .05). However, these athletes were not more likely to be recruited (90.0% vs 89.8%) or receive a scholarship (80.0% vs 74.5%). Conclusion: NCAA Division I athletes with ESS and/or a high training volume sustained more injuries and missed more time because of an injury, but those with ESS were more likely to be recruited and receive a college scholarship. This knowledge can help inform discussions and decision making among athletes, parents, coaches, trainers, and physicians.
Does treatment guided by exhaled nitric oxide fraction improve outcomes in subgroups of children with asthma?
Authors: Fielding Shona S. , Pijnenburg Marielle , de Jongste Johan , Pike Katherine , Roberts Graham , Petsky Helen , Chang Anne B. , Fritsch Maria , Frischer Thomas , Szefler Stanley J. , Gergen Peter , Vermeulen Francoise , Vael Robin , Turner Steve S. 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionExhaled nitric oxide fraction (FENO), a biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation, may be useful to guide asthma treatment.FENO-guided treatment may be more effective in certain subgroups for improving asthma outcomes compared to standard treatment.MethodsAn individual patient data analysis was performed using data from seven randomised clinical trials (RCTs) which usedFENOto guide asthma treatment. The incidence of an asthma exacerbation and loss of control, and the time to first exacerbation and loss of control were described between five subgroups of RCT participants.ResultsData were available in 1112 RCT participants. Among those not treated with leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA), but not among those who were treated with LTRA,FENO-guided treatment was associated with reduced exacerbation risk (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49–0.94), longer time to first exacerbation (hazard ratio (HR) 0.76, 95% CI 0.57–0.99) and borderline reduced risk for loss of control (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–1.00). Nonobese children, compared to obese children, were less likely to lose asthma control when treatment was guided byFENO(OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48–0.99) and time to loss of control was longer (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61–0.99).ConclusionsAsthma treatment guided byFENOmay be more effective in achieving better asthma outcomes for patients who are not treated with LTRA and who are not obese, compared to standard practice.
Oral corticosteroid prescription patterns for asthma in France, Germany, Italy and the UK
Authors: Tran Trung N. , King Elizabeth , Sarkar Rajiv , Nan Cassandra , Rubino Annalisa , O'Leary Caroline , Muzwidzwa Ruvimbo , Belton Laura , Quint Jennifer K. 
Published: March 2020

Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are used to manage asthma exacerbations and severe, uncontrolled asthma, but OCS use is associated with adverse effects. We aimed to describe the patterns of OCS use in the real-world management of patients with asthma in western Europe.We used electronic medical records from databases in France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom from July 2011 through February 2018. Patients aged ≥12 years with an asthma diagnosis, at least one non-OCS asthma medication within ±6 months of diagnosis, and available data ≥6 months prior to and ≥90 days after cohort entry were included. High OCS use was defined as OCS ≥450 mg prescribed in a 90-day window during follow-up. Baseline characteristics and OCS use during follow-up were described overall and by OCS use status.Of 702 685 patients with asthma, 14–44% were OCS users and 6–9% were high OCS users at some point during follow-up. Annual prevalence of high OCS use across all countries was ∼3%. High OCS users had a mean of between one and three annual OCS prescriptions, with an average daily OCS dosage of 1.3–2.2 mg. For patients who continued to meet the high-use definition, daily OCS exposure was generally stable at 5.5–7.5 mg for ≥2 years, increasing the risk of adverse effects.Our study demonstrates that OCS use is relatively common across the four studied European countries. Data from this study may provide decisive clinical insights to inform primary care physicians and specialists involved in the management of severe, uncontrolled asthma.
Orthotropic hygro-mechanical behavior of Chinese fir during cyclical relative humidity variation
Authors: Peng Hui , Jiang Jiali , Lu Jianxiong , Cao Jinzhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe orthotropic free swelling–shrinkage and mechano-sorptive creep (MSC) during cyclical relative humidity (RH) variation (0–80% RH) and time-dependent viscoelastic creep (VEC) in a steady state (0% RH) were examined in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). During RH changing, the occurrences of local maximum or minimum strains of the free swelling–shrinkage and MSC lagged behind the corresponding maximum or minimum RH. The lagged time decreased with increasing cyclical times. Furthermore, the lagged time exhibited an orthotropic behavior: the longer lagged time was found in longitudinal specimen compared to transverse specimens. MSC exhibited a more pronounced anisotropy than VEC. According to the three tests, the performance of free swelling–shrinkage and the mechano-sorptive effect on the orthotropic MSC behavior was addressed. The free swelling–shrinkage mainly dominated the creep strain during cyclic RH variation, especially for longitudinal specimen. The mechano-sorptive effect on the MSC behavior exerted more influence on tangential specimen compared to radial and longitudinal specimens. The mechano-sorptive limit was observed for all specimens. Longitudinal specimen required more cyclic times to approach the mechano-sorptive limit than transverse specimens.
Selective Growth of WSe2 with Graphene Contacts
Authors: Lin Yu-Ting , Zhang Xin-Quan , Chen Po-Han , Chi Chong-Chi , Lin Erh-Chen , Rong Jian-Guo , Ouyang Chuenhou , Chen Yung-Fu , Lee Yi-Hsien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanoelectronics of two-dimensional (2D) materials and related applications are hindered with critical contact issues with the semiconducting monolayers. To solve these issues, a fundamental challenge is selective and controllable fabrication of p-type or ambipolar transistors with a low Schottky barrier. Most p-type transistors are demonstrated with tungsten selenides (WSe2) but a high growth temperature is required. Here, we utilize seeding promoter and low pressure CVD process to enhance sequential WSe2 growth with a reduced growth temperature of 800 °C for reduced compositional fluctuations and high hetero-interface quality. Growth behavior of the sequential WSe2 growth at the edge of patterned graphene is discussed. With optimized growth conditions, high-quality interface of the laterally stitched WSe2-graphene is achieved and characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Device fabrication and electronic performances of the laterally stitched WSe2-graphene are presented.
Urinary proteomics of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in children using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fang Xiang , Wu Heyan , Lu Mei , Cao Yan , Wang Ren , Wang Meiqiu , Gao Chunlin , Xia Zhengkun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). However, the criteria for risk assessment currently used is not satisfactory. The urine proteome may provide important clues to indicate the development of HSPN.

Methods
Here, we detected and compared the urine proteome of patients with HSPN and healthy controls by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in the data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode. The differentially expressed proteins were analysed by gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. For validation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse the selected proteins.

Results
A total of 125 proteins (29 upregulated and 96 downregulated) were found to be differentially expressed in children with HSPN compared with the controls. Forty-one proteins were predicted to have direct interactions. The enriched pathways mainly included focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, ECM-receptor interactions and so on. Cell adhesion related to the pathogenesis of HSPN was the main biological process identified in this study. The decrease in two proteins (integrin beta-1 and tenascin) was validated by ELISA.

Conclusions
Our study provides new insights into the assessment of HSPN progression in children, as well as new potential biomarkers. The data confirm the value of the urinary proteome in capturing the emergence of HSPN.
Identification and Characterization of a Large Effect QTL from Oryza glumaepatula Revealed Pi68(t) as Putative Candidate Gene for Rice Blast Resistance
Authors: Devi S. J. S. Rama , Singh Kuldeep , Umakanth B. , Vishalakshi B. , Rao K. Vijaya Sudhakara , Suneel B. , Sharma S. K. , Kadambari Gopala Krishna Murthy , Prasad M. S. , Senguttvel P. , Syamaladevi Divya P. , Madhav M. S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Field resistance is often effective and durable as compared to vertical resistance. The introgression line (INGR15002) derived from O. glumaepatula has proven broad spectrum field resistance for both leaf and neck blast.

Results
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis of INGR15002, led to the identification of two major QTL - qBL3 contributing about 34% and 32% phenotypic variance towards leaf and neck blast resistance, respectively and qBL7 contributing about 25% of phenotypic variance for leaf blast. Further, qBL3 was fine mapped, narrowed down to 300 kb region and a linked SNP maker was identified. By combining mapping with microarray analysis, a candidate gene, Os03g0281466 (malectin-serine threonine kinase), was identified in the fine mapped region and named as Pi68(t). The nucleotide variations in the coding as well as upstream region of the gene was identified through cloning and sequence analysis of Pi68(t) alleles. These significant variations led to the non-synonymous changes in the protein as well as variations (presence/absence) in four important motifs (W-box element; MYC element; TCP element; BIHD1OS) at promoter region those are associated with resistance and susceptible reactions. The effect of qBL3 was validated by its introgression into BPT5204 (susceptible variety) through marker-assisted selection and progeny exhibiting resistance to both leaf and neck blast was identified. Further, the utility of linked markers of Pi68(t) in the blast breeding programs was demonstrated in elite germplasm lines.

Conclusions
This is the first report on the identification and characterization of major effect QTL from O. glumaepatula, which led to the identification of a putative candidate gene, Pi68(t), which confers field resistance to leaf as well as neck blast in rice.
Forgotten ureteral double-J stents and related complications: a real-world experience
Authors: Patil Sachin , Raghuvanshi Kshitij , Jain Devendra Kumar , Raval Abid 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Double-J (DJ) stents are among the basic and commonly used tools in urology. The DJ stent generally needs to be replaced or removed within 6 weeks to 6 months to avoid complications like encrustations, stone formation, fractures and blockades of stents. However, in many cases the stent is forgotten. In this retrospective study, we report our experience in the management of forgotten stents and steps taken by us in preventing DJ stent-related morbidity.

Results
Of the total of 30 patients, 80% (n = 24) underwent previous procedures in other hospitals and the remaining 20% (n = 6) were from our hospital. The mean age of the patients was 56.66 years. The mean duration of the indwelling stent in situ was 13.83 months. The indications of indwelling stents included ureteroscopic lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Presenting complaints for which patients visited hospital were flank pain (n = 10; 33.33%), dysuria (n = 9; 30%), hematuria (n = 3, 10%) and fever (n = 2; 6.66%).

Conclusion
Forgotten DJ stents can be a source of severe morbidity. Patients’ and relatives’ educational level and counseling before and after the procedure may play a significant role in reducing stent-related complications.
A big data approach to metagenomics for all-food-sequencing
Authors: Kobus Robin , Abuín José M. , Müller André , Hellmann Sören Lukas , Pichel Juan C. , Pena Tomás F. , Hildebrandt Andreas , Hankeln Thomas , Schmidt Bertil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
All-Food-Sequencing (AFS) is an untargeted metagenomic sequencing method that allows for the detection and quantification of food ingredients including animals, plants, and microbiota. While this approach avoids some of the shortcomings of targeted PCR-based methods, it requires the comparison of sequence reads to large collections of reference genomes. The steadily increasing amount of available reference genomes establishes the need for efficient big data approaches.

Results
We introduce an alignment-free k-mer based method for detection and quantification of species composition in food and other complex biological matters. It is orders-of-magnitude faster than our previous alignment-based AFS pipeline. In comparison to the established tools CLARK, Kraken2, and Kraken2+Bracken it is superior in terms of false-positive rate and quantification accuracy. Furthermore, the usage of an efficient database partitioning scheme allows for the processing of massive collections of reference genomes with reduced memory requirements on a workstation (AFS-MetaCache) or on a Spark-based compute cluster (MetaCacheSpark).

Conclusions
We present a fast yet accurate screening method for whole genome shotgun sequencing-based biosurveillance applications such as food testing. By relying on a big data approach it can scale efficiently towards large-scale collections of complex eukaryotic and bacterial reference genomes. AFS-MetaCache and MetaCacheSpark are suitable tools for broad-scale metagenomic screening applications. They are available at https://muellan.github.io/metacache/afs.html
(C++ version for a workstation) and https://github.com/jmabuin/MetaCacheSpark
(Spark version for big data clusters).