bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of strategy training on spatial memory in diencephalic amnesia: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Kessels Roy P. C. , Murk Sjoerd , Walvoort Serge J. W. , Hampstead Benjamin M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome is characterized by severe amnesia, also affecting spatial memory. To date, research on cognitive rehabilitation in these patients is scarce. Aim of the present study is to examine the efficacy of a mnemonic strategy training in patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome. A randomized controlled exploratory study was performed. A convenience sample of 14 patients with amnesia due to alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome was included and randomized into a mnemonic strategy training group (n = 7) and a control group (n = 7). The training group completed a 3-day 45–60 min mnemonic strategy training that focused on specific strategies to encode and retrieve information about specific objects and their locations in virtual rooms, using labeling, verbal reasoning and mental imagery. The control group only received care as usual. Outcome measure was an object-location memory task consisting of novel, untrained object locations administered 1 day before the intervention, as well as 1 day and 1 week after completing the intervention. Patients in the intervention group were able to acquire and use the strategies, but no significant differences were found between the intervention group and the control group, and no significant change in performance was demonstrated compared to baseline 1 day and 1 week after the intervention. To conclude, the mnemonic strategy training in KS patients did not result in a better spatial memory performance 1 day or 1 week after training completion compared to participation in the regular non-cognitive treatment program that focused on occupational therapy, music therapy and exercise.
Symptom Severity, Self-efficacy and Treatment-Seeking for Mental Health Among US Iraq/Afghanistan Military Veterans
Authors: Keeling Mary , Barr Nicholas , Atuel Hazel , Castro Carl A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMilitary veterans have high rates of mental health problems, yet the majority do not seek treatment. Understanding treatment-seeking in this population is important. This study investigated if symptom severity and self-efficacy are associated with treatment-seeking among US Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. Survey data from 525 veterans meeting clinical criteria for PTSD and depression were included of which, 54.4% had sought treatment in the past 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that high symptom severity was associated with treatment seeking, whereas high self-efficacy was associated with a decreased likelihood to seek treatment. Self-efficacy could be an underlying mechanism of treatment seeking decisions.
Smallholder Farmers’ perception and adaptation to climate variability and change in Fincha sub-basin of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin of Ethiopia
Authors: Tessema Israel , Simane Belay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClimate variability and change make agricultural sector a risky venture for smallholders’ farmers. This paper presents an assessment of smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate variability and change, associated impacts on agricultural sector and the adaptive responses given in Fincha’a sub-basin of the Blue Nile River Basin of Ethiopia. We interviewed 380 head of households selected through systematic random sampling from eight Kebeles, two each from highland, midland, wetland, and lowland agro-ecosystems. Furthermore, focus group discussion and key informant interviews also performed to supplement and substantiate the quantitative data. Descriptive statistics used to summarize quantitative data and χ2 tests used to measure significance. The result revealed that increased temperature, frequency and severity of extreme weather events (drought and flood), and overall change in seasonality of rainfall over the last 20 years is a widely held perception. The associated impacts on agriculture include decline in length of growing period, the decreased and variability of water availability, increased crop damage by insects, pests, disease and weeds. In response, farmers practiced different adaptation measures like modification in crop and livestock production practices, and investment in land and water management activities at household and community level. The study also revealed the presence of multiple barriers that hindered the adoption of adaptation measures. To meet the impending challenges, situate by climate variability and change the adaptation measures implemented until now is not adequate. There is also extrication between farmers’ perceptions of climate variability and change, and actual adaptation level. Despite significant number of farmers’ perceived changes in temperature (about 93%) and rainfall (about 88%), the number of farmers adopted certain adaptation measures are below average. These necessitate the need for planned interventions to identify and support effective adaptation measures.
European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) and European Reference Network on Rare Primary Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (ERN RITA) Complement Guideline: Deficiencies, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Brodszki Nicholas , Frazer-Abel Ashley , Grumach Anete S. , Kirschfink Michael , Litzman Jiri , Perez Elena , Seppänen Mikko R. J. , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Jolles Stephen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis guideline aims to describe the complement system and the functions of the constituent pathways, with particular focus on primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) and their diagnosis and management. The complement system is a crucial part of the innate immune system, with multiple membrane-bound and soluble components. There are three distinct enzymatic cascade pathways within the complement system, the classical, alternative and lectin pathways, which converge with the cleavage of central C3. Complement deficiencies account for ~5% of PIDs. The clinical consequences of inherited defects in the complement system are protean and include increased susceptibility to infection, autoimmune diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), age-related macular degeneration, renal disorders (e.g., atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome) and angioedema. Modern complement analysis allows an in-depth insight into the functional and molecular basis of nearly all complement deficiencies. However, therapeutic options remain relatively limited for the majority of complement deficiencies with the exception of hereditary angioedema and inhibition of an overactivated complement system in regulation defects. Current management strategies for complement disorders associated with infection include education, family testing, vaccinations, antibiotics and emergency planning.
The methodological role of mechanistic-computational models in cognitive science
Authors: Harbecke Jens 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the relevance of models for cognitive science that integrate mechanistic and computational aspects. Its main hypothesis is that a model of a cognitive system is satisfactory and explanatory to the extent that it bridges phenomena at multiple mechanistic levels, such that at least several of these mechanistic levels are shown to implement computational processes. The relevant parts of the computation must be mapped onto distinguishable entities and activities of the mechanism. The ideal is contrasted with two other accounts of modeling in cognitive science. The first has been presented by David Marr in combination with a distinction of “levels of computation”. The second builds on a hierarchy of “mechanistic levels” in the sense of Carl Craver. It is argued that neither of the two accounts secures satisfactory explanations of cognitive systems. Themechanistic-computationalideal can be thought of as resulting from a fusion of Marr’s and Craver’s ideals. It is defended as adequate and plausible in light of scientific practice, and certain metaphysical background assumptions are discussed.
Towards Generalized Riesz Systems Theory
Authors: Kamuda Alan , Kużel Sergiusz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians have recently become a field of wide investigation. Originally, the generalized Riesz systems (GRS) have been introduced as an auxiliary tool in this theory. In contrast, the current paper, GRSs are analysed in terms of basis theory. The relationship between semi-regular sequences and GRSs is provided. Various characterizations of GRSs are discussed.
Creating ‘Local Publics’: Responsibility and Involvement in Decision-Making on Technologies with Local Impacts
Authors: Pesch Udo , Huijts Nicole M. A. , Bombaerts Gunter , Doorn Neelke , Hunka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper makes a conceptual inquiry into the notion of ‘publics’, and forwards an understanding of this notion that allows more responsible forms of decision-making with regards to technologies that have localized impacts, such as wind parks, hydrogen stations or flood barriers. The outcome of this inquiry is that the acceptability of a decision is to be assessed by a plurality of ‘publics’, including that of a local community. Even though a plurality of ‘publics’ might create competing normative demands, its acknowledgment is necessary to withstand the monopolization of the process of technology appraisal. The paper presents four ways in which such an appropriation of publicness takes place. The creation of dedicated ‘local publics’, in contrast, helps to overcome these problems and allows for more responsible forms of decision-making. We describe ‘local publics’ as those in which stakeholders from the different publics that are related to the process of technology implementation are brought together, and in which concerns and issues from these publics are deliberated upon. The paper will present eight conditions for increasing the effectiveness of such ‘local publics’.
Clinical outcomes and toxicity of proton radiotherapy for vestibular schwannomas: a systematic review
Authors: Koetsier Kimberley S. , Hensen Erik F. , Wiggenraad Rudolf , Lips Irene M. , van Benthem Peter Paul G. , van Vulpen Marco , Shih Helen A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
Vestibular schwannomas are benign tumors that are often managed by radiotherapy. Minimizing long-term toxicity is paramount for a population that remains at normal life expectancy and at risk for loss of quality of life for years if not decades. Whereas current radiotherapy standard utilizes photon radiation, proton radiotherapy characteristics may enable a reduction of toxicity by reducing the volume of collateral irradiated healthy tissue. A systematic review was conducted to assess tumor control and short- and long-term sequelae after proton irradiation.

Methods
Studies that reported on treatment outcomes of proton radiotherapy in vestibular schwannoma patients were included.

Results
Five peer-reviewed retrospective series met the inclusion criteria. Quality of the studies varied from low to good. There were 276 unique patients described. Tumor control rates ranged from 85 to 100% (radiological median follow-up of 2.2-7.4 years). Hearing loss rates, defined as losing Gardner Robertson class I/II hearing, showed an weighted crude average 52% (depending on follow-up duration). The weighted averages for post-irradiation facial and trigeminal neuropathy were 5% and 4%, respectively. The risk of neuropathy seems to decrease with lower radiation dosages.

Conclusion
Proton irradiation for vestibular schwannomas achieves high tumor control rates, equivalent to photon irradiation. Reported cranial nerve preservation rates vary, partly due to an apparent selection bias with a high percentage of patients with clinical symptoms prior to treatment. Results of cranial nerve function preservation, quality of life, and cognitive functioning are currently insufficiently reported. In addition, advances in proton radiotherapy technology warrant re-evaluation of current techniques and protocols for the management of vestibular schwannomas.
Barriers and Facilitators in Interorganizational Disaster Response: Identifying Examples Across Europe
Authors: Berchtold Claudia , Vollmer Maike , Sendrowski Philip , Neisser Florian , Müller Larissa , Grigoleit Sonja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDisaster response actors are facing new challenges, which encompass not only new and ever more complex threats but also the need to collaborate across organizational boundaries and even state borders. Depending on scale, these interactions have to work across governance setups, political and legal conditions, organizational cultures, as well as personal preferences and experiences that vary among actors, organizations, and countries. But which concrete measures are taken by crisis management actors at different scales to bridge these challenges and which of these could serve others as example to address comparable challenges in their contexts? This study made attempts to analyze whether certain solutions across organizations and states exist that facilitate effective interorganizational crisis management in the member states of the European Union (EU). It is based on selected expert interviews with representatives of different types of disaster response organizations (health services, police services, fire services, and other crisis management organizations) from seven EU member states (Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Austria, and Greece).
Hierarchical Self-assembly of Well-Defined Louver-Like P-Doped Carbon Nitride Nanowire Arrays with Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Bo , Si Yuan , Fang Qian , Shi Ying , Huang Wei-Qing , Hu Wangyu , Pan Anlian , Fan Xiaoxing , Huang Gui-Fang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSelf-assembled nanostructure arrays integrating the advantages of the intrinsic characters of nanostructure as well as the array stability are appealing in advanced materials. However, the precise bottom-up synthesis of nanostructure arrays without templates or substrates is quite challenging because of the general occurrence of homogeneous nucleation and the difficult manipulation of noncovalent interactions. Herein, we first report the precisely manipulated synthesis of well-defined louver-like P-doped carbon nitride nanowire arrays (L-PCN) via a supramolecular self-assembly method by regulating the noncovalent interactions through hydrogen bond. With this strategy, CN nanowires align in the outer frame with the separation and spatial location achieving ultrastability and outstanding photoelectricity properties. Significantly, this self-assembly L-PCN exhibits a superior visible light-driven hydrogen evolution activity of 1872.9 μmol h−1 g−1, rendering a ~ 25.6-fold enhancement compared to bulk CN, and high photostability. Moreover, an apparent quantum efficiency of 6.93% is achieved for hydrogen evolution at 420 ± 15 nm. The experimental results and first-principles calculations demonstrate that the remarkable enhancement of photocatalytic activity of L-PCN can be attributed to the synergetic effect of structural topology and dopant. These findings suggest that we are able to design particular hierarchical nanostructures with desirable performance using hydrogen-bond engineering.
Impact of academic integrity on workplace ethical behaviour
Authors: Guerrero-Dib Jean Gabriel , Portales Luis , Heredia-Escorza Yolanda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCorruption is a serious problem in Mexico and the available information regarding the levels of academic dishonesty in Mexico is not very encouraging. Academic integrity is essential in any teaching-learning process focussed on achieving the highest standards of excellence and learning. Promoting and experiencing academic integrity within the university context has a twofold purpose: to achieve the necessary learnings and skills to appropriately perform a specific profession and to develop an ethical perspective which leads to correct decision making. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between academic integrity and ethical behaviour, particularly workplace behaviour. The study adopts a quantitative, hypothetical and deductive approach. A questionnaire was applied to 1203 college students to gather information regarding the frequency in which they undertake acts of dishonesty in different environments and in regards to the severity they assign to each type of infraction. The results reflect that students who report committing acts against academic integrity also report being involved in dishonest activities in other contexts, and that students who consider academic breaches less serious, report being engaged in academic misconduct more frequently in different contexts. In view of these results, it is unavoidable to reflect on the role that educational institutions and businesses can adopt in the development of programmes to promote a culture of academic integrity which: design educational experiences to foster learning, better prepare students to fully meet their academic obligations, highlight the benefits of doing so, prevent the severity and consequences of dishonest actions, discourage cheating and establish clear and efficient processes to sanction those students who are found responsible for academic breaches.
Links between parental socialization of coping on affect: Mediation by emotion regulation and social exclusion
Authors: Szkody Erica , Steele Ellen H. , McKinney Cliff 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionParental socialization of coping strategies is associated with various emotion regulation difficulties and continues to impact individuals during emerging adulthood. As emerging adults’ transition into adulthood, they experience social stressors that put their emotion regulation skills to the test.MethodsThe current study examined the associations of the parental socialization of coping strategies and emotion regulation difficulties with emerging adult positive and negative affect in response to social exclusion. Emerging adults (N = 402, 206 males and 196 females) from a large Southern university in the United States were recruited for the study. Participants completed survey measures of parental socialization of coping, positive and negative affect, and emotion regulation difficulties before engaging in a social exclusion task called Cyberball. After the task, participants completed a measure of positive and negative affect again.ResultsPrimary parental socialization of coping was associated with emotion regulation difficulties, both of which were associated with affect after the exclusion task, thus supporting the indirect effect of parental coping socialization on affect through a preexisting variable (i.e., emotion regulation) and a causal manipulation (i.e., exclusion task).ConclusionsThe impact of parental suggestions of coping strategies and emotion regulation difficulties during emerging adulthood indicate that parents continue to be an important point of intervention as individuals’ transition to adulthood.
Patient race, ethnicity, and care in the emergency department: A scoping review
Authors: Owens Allison , Holroyd Brian R. , McLane Patrick 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesHealth disparities between racial and ethnic groups have been documented in Canada, the United States, and Australia. Despite evidence that differences in emergency department (ED) care based on patient race and ethnicity exist, there are no comprehensive literature reviews in this area. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the literature on the impact of patient ethnicity and race on the processes of ED care.MethodsA scoping review was conducted to capture the broad nature of the literature. A database search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Social Sciences Citation Index, SCOPUS, and JSTOR. Five journals and reference lists of included articles were hand searched. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined iteratively to ensure literature captured was relevant to our research question. Data were extracted using predetermined variables, and additional extraction variables were added as familiarity with the literature developed.ResultsSearching yielded 1,157 citations, reduced to 153 following removal of duplicates, and title and abstract screening. After full-text screening, 83 articles were included. Included articles report that, in EDs, patient race and ethnicity impact analgesia, triage scores, wait times, treatments, diagnostic procedure utilization, rates of patients leaving without being seen, and patient subjective experiences. Authors of included studies propose a variety of possible causes for these disparities.ConclusionsFurther research on the existence of disparities in care within EDs is warranted to explore the causes behind observed disparities for particular health conditions and population groups in specific contexts.
Ideology and social cognition
Authors: Mansell Jordan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch links liberal and conservative ideological orientations with variation on psychological and cognitive characteristics that are important for perceptual processes and decision-making. This study investigates whether this variation can impact the social behaviors of liberals and conservatives. A sample of subjects (n = 1,245) participated in a modified public goods game in which an intragroup inequality was introduced to observe the effect on individuals’ tendency toward self-interested versus prosocial behavior. Overall, the contributions of neither liberal- nor conservative-oriented individuals were affected by conditions of a general intragroup inequality. However, in response to the knowledge that group members voted to redress the inequality, levels of contribution among liberals significantly increased in comparison to the control. This was not true for conservatives. The results provide evidence that differences in ideological orientation are associated with individual differences in social cognition.
THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF CONSCIENCE IN HEALTHCARE DECISIONS: MOVING TOWARDS A COLLABORATIVE FRAMEWORK
Authors: Smith Stephen W 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClaims of conscience are a substantial area of concern in relation to healthcare decisions but are often only considered in a limited context. Broadening our understanding of claims of conscience, however, might lead to claims that we are moving back towards a doctor-centred understanding of medical care. This article argues that we can allow claims of conscience without unduly penalising patients by focusing on the responsibilities that ought to attach to conscience claims. This article sets out three responsibilities – humility, universality and reciprocal respect – which ought to be part of any claim of conscience. TheCharlie Gardcase is then used as an example to explore the use of responsibilities. The article then moves to consider possible issues that arise from this view.