bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for a single-centre observational study of household wellbeing and poverty status following a diagnosis of advanced cancer in Blantyre, Malawi - ‘Safeguarding the Family’ study
Authors: Bates Maya Jane , Muula Adamson , Gordon Stephen B. , Henrion Marc Y.R. , Tomeny Ewan , MacPherson Peter , Squire Bertel , Niessen Louis 
Published: March 2020

Background: Many households in low-and-middle income countries face the additional burden of crippling out-of-pocket expenditure when faced with a diagnosis of life-limiting illness. Available evidence suggests that receipt of palliative care supports cost-savings for cancer-affected households. This study will explore the relationship between receipt of palliative care, total household out-of-pocket expenditure on health and wellbeing following a first-time diagnosis of advanced cancer at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Protocol: Patients and their primary family caregivers will be recruited at the time of cancer diagnosis. Data on healthcare utilisation, related costs, coping strategies and wellbeing will be gathered using new and existing questionnaires (the Patient-and-Carer Cancer Cost Survey, EQ-5D-3L and the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Score). Surveys will be repeated at one, three and six months after diagnosis. In the event of the patient’s death, a brief five-item questionnaire on funeral costs will be administered to caregivers not less than two weeks following the date of death. Descriptive and Poisson regression analyses will assess the relationship between exposure to palliative care and total household expenditure from baseline to six months. A sample size of 138 households has been calculated in order to detect a medium effect (as determined by Cohen’s f 2=0.15) of receipt of palliative care in a regression model for change in total household out-of-pocket expenditure as a proportion of annual household income. Ethics and dissemination: The study has received ethical approval. Results will be reported using STROBE guidelines and disseminated through scientific meetings, open access publications and a national stakeholder meeting. Conclusions: This study will provide data on expenditure for healthcare by households affected by advanced cancer in Malawi. We also explore whether receipt of palliative care is associated with a reduction in out-of-pocket expenditure at household level.
Outpatient total knee arthroplasty: is it worth considering?
Authors: Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán E. 
Published: March 2020

Some authors have reported that outpatient total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful, safe and cost-effective treatment in the management of advanced osteoarthritis. The success obtained has been attributed to the coordination of the multidisciplinary team, standardized perioperative protocols, optimal hospital discharge planning and careful selection of patients. One study has demonstrated a higher risk of perioperative surgical and medical outcomes in outpatient TKA than inpatient TKA, including component failure, surgical site infection, knee stiffness and deep vein thrombosis. There remains a lack of universal criteria for patient selection. Outpatient TKA has thus far been performed in relatively young patients with few comorbidities. It is not yet clear whether outpatient TKA is worth considering, except in very exceptional cases (young patients without associated comorbidities). Outpatient TKA should not be generally recommended at the present time. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:172-179. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.180101
Preoperative glenoid considerations for shoulder arthroplasty: a review
Authors: Gates Stephen , Sager Brain , Khazzam Michael 
Published: March 2020

Preoperative assessment of the glenoid in the setting of shoulder arthroplasty is critical to account for variations in glenoid morphology, wear, version, inclination, and glenohumeral subluxation. Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scan assessment of the morphology of glenoid erosion allows for a more accurate surgical decision-making process to correct deformity and restore the joint line. Newer technology has brought forth computer-assisted software for glenoid planning in shoulder arthroplasty and patient-specific instrumentation. There have been promising early findings, although further evaluation is needed to determine how this technology impacts implant survivorship, function, and patient-reported outcomes.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:126-137. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190011
Human immunodeficiency virus in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Pietrzak Jurek Rafal Tomasz , Maharaj Zia , Mokete Lipalo , Sikhauli Nkhodiseni 
Published: March 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic affecting more than 35 million people worldwide. The aim of this review is to describe the association between HIV and total hip arthroplasty (THA) and assess patient risk factors to optimize functional outcomes and decrease rates of revision. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), HIV-infected patients are living longer, which allows them to develop degenerative joint conditions. HIV and HAART act independently to increase the demand for THA. HIV-positive patients are also more predisposed to developing avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip and femoral neck fractures due to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Prior to the widespread implementation of access to HAART in homogenous cohorts of HIV-infected patients undergoing THA, reports indicated increased rates of complications. However, current literature describes equivocal functional outcomes and survival rates after THA in HIV-positive patients controlled on HAART when compared to HIV-negative controls. HIV-infected patients eligible for THA should be assessed for medical co-morbidities and serum markers of disease control should be optimized. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a leading cause of revision THA, and HIV is a modifiable risk factor. Importantly, the significance is negated once patients are placed on HAART and achieve viral suppression. THA should not be withheld in HIV-infected patients injudiciously. However, HIV is a burgeoning epidemic and all patients should be identified and started on HAART to avoid preventable peri-operative complications. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:164-171. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190030
Systematic review on the outcomes of poller screw augmentation in intramedullary nailing of long bone fracture
Authors: Tennyson Maria , Krkovic Matija , Fortune Mary , Abdulkarim Ali 
Published: March 2020

Various technical tips have been described on the placement of poller screws during intramedullary (IM) nailing; however studies reporting outcomes are limited. Overall there is no consistent conclusion about whether intramedullary nailing alone, or intramedullary nails augmented with poller screws is more advantageous. We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Seventy-five records were identified, of which 13 met our inclusion criteria. In a systematic review we asked: (1) What is the proportion of nonunions with poller screw usage? (2) What is the proportion of malalignment, infection and secondary surgical procedures with poller screw usage? The overall outcome proportion across the studies was computed using the inverse variance method for pooling. Thirteen studies with a total of 371 participants and 376 fractures were included. Mean follow-up time was 21.1 months. Mean age of included patients was 40.0 years. Seven studies had heterogenous populations of nonunions and acute fractures. Four studies included only acute fractures and two studies examined nonunions only. The results of the present systematic review show a low complication rate of IM nailing augmented with poller screws in terms of nonunion (4%, CI: 0.03–0.07), coronal plane malunion (5%, CI: 0.03–0.08), deep (5%, CI: 0.03–0.11) and superficial (6%, CI: 0.03–0.11) infections, and secondary procedures (8%, CI: 0.04–0.18). When compared with the existing literature our review suggests intramedullary nailing with poller screws has lower rates of nonunion and coronal malalignment when compared with nailing alone. Prospective randomized control trial is necessary to fully determine outcome benefits. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:189-203. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190040
Inversion of target radiant temperature and distance via spectrum separation
Authors: Shi Jing , Chen Guibo , Tan Yong , Cai Pengcheng , Li Shuang , Cai Hongxing 
Published: March 2020

Accurate measurement of temperature and distance is essential for applications in multiple fields such as air defense, antimissile systems, laser damage, and infrared remote sensing. However, ranging currently relies on either laser or infrared radiation characteristics, neither of which fully utilize the substantial information contained in the spectrum. In this study, we realized the simultaneous inversion of target radiant temperature and distance via spectrum separation based on the distance information from the atmospheric spectrum as well as the temperature information from multispectral radiation thermometry (MRT), by measuring the thermal radiation spectrum of distant high-temperature objects. The study initially involved conducting a theoretical analysis of long-distance MRT in the atmosphere by utilizing the least squares and Newton’s iteration methods. Once the thermal radiation spectrum and the long-distance atmospheric spectral transmittance were acquired from nonlinear models, highly precise and accurate radiant temperature and distance information was derived via simultaneous inversion. Subsequently, experimental verifications were performed to measure an explosion spectrum at a temperature of approximately 2000 K and a distance of 9 km. The spectral band was 400–900 nm, and the temperature and distance of the explosion calculated by the inversion was 2004.4 K and 9.9 km, respectively. The inversion distance error was 10%, indicating that the simultaneous inversion of radiant temperature and distance was successful and that the proposed method was effective. The method proposed in this study can be applied to the measurement of radiant temperature and distance of long-distance objects.
Highly tunable second-harmonic generation in all-optically poled silicon nitride waveguides
Authors: Nitiss Edgars , Yakar Ozan , Stroganov Anton , Brès Camille-Sophie 
Published: March 2020

The availability of nonlinear parametric processes, such as frequency conversion in photonic integrated circuits is essential. In this contribution, we demonstrate a highly tunable second-harmonic generation in a fully complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-fabrication-compatible silicon nitride integrated photonic platform. We induce the second-order nonlinearity using an all-optical poling technique with the second-harmonic light generated in the fundamental mode, and a narrow quasi-phase matching (QPM) spectrum by avoiding higher-order mode mixing. We are then able to broadly tune the phase-matched pump wavelength over the entire C-band (1540 nm to 1560 nm) by varying the poling conditions. Fine-tuning of QPM is enabled by thermo-optic effect with the tuning slope

Δ
λ

/

Δ

T

in our device being 113.8 pm/°C. In addition, we exploit the measurable variation of the 3 dB QPM bandwidth to confirm how the length of the all-optically inscribed grating varies with exposure time.
Attitude metrology based on the field-of-view effect of birefringence using high-speed polarimetry
Authors: Zhang Song , Jiang Hao , Gu Honggang , Chen Xiuguo , Liu Shiyuan 
Published: March 2020

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, optical method using a high-speed polarimetry is proposed for real-time attitude tracking in an ultra-large measurement range. The attitude metrology utilizes the field-of-view effect in birefringent crystals, which is known as the birefringence deviates with the field-of-view angle of polarized light. The basic principle of the metrology is presented via theoretical derivation and has been verified in the static retardance measurement experiments. With a resolution test, a temporal resolution of 0.4 ms per attitude measurement and an angular resolution up to 0.0025°are achieved. With the help of a bubble level, the attitude angles of an object attached with a birefringent wave plate are obtained in the dynamic experiments, which have achieved an accuracy better than 0.02°. Additionally, the angular velocity and acceleration of the real-time measured roll angle can be extracted simultaneously. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed metrology has great potential and advantages in the real-time attitude sensing.
Design of the voltage tunable side-coupled asymmetric Y-type resonance cavity MIM filter based on surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Guo Zhihao , Zhang Guanmao , Qiao Litao , Ren Panpan , Zhao Yaping 
Published: March 2020

A voltage tunable filter based on a combined metal-insulator-metal nano-cavity waveguide of organic electro-optical material DAST is proposed by using the side-coupled method. The structure of this kind of filter consists of two Y-type cavities and a rectangular waveguide. The transmission spectra, the resonance wavelength, and the magnetic field distribution of the asymmetric Y-type cavity waveguide metal-insulator-metal structure filter has been calculated and analyzed by the finite element numerical simulation method. The results show that this filter has the features of a smooth transmission spectra, a flat passband with the maximum transmission of 0.97, a stopband with the minimum transmission of 0.001, and a wide bandwidth (full width at half maxima achieved 970 nm). The characteristics of the structure filter can be adjusted not only by changing the structural parameters, but also by applying a control voltage. Thus, the adjustability of the filter is increased, and the filter can realize the filtering function of channel selection of the three optical communication windows at the telecommunication regime. There will be great application prospect for this filter structure in high-density integrated circuits and nano-optics.
MENGENAL JENIS HIU APENDIKS II CITES
Authors: Fahmi Fahmi 
Published: March 2020

KNOWING SHARKS LISTED IN APPENDIX II CITES. Sharks have become one of major concerns in fisheries management and marine conservation worldwide. Many members of this group are threatened to extinction due to extensive exploitation since few decades ago. Several species of sharks are now listed in the CITES appendices, which controls the international trade for endangered species. Most of them are relatively easy to identify in the field, especially if their fins are still attached. However, few species may difficult to identify correctly due to the similar appearance to other non-CITES species and when the body is not complete anymore. This article aims to give better understanding on how to identify some shark CITES species in detail.
Notes from the Editors, March 2020
Authors: The Editors - 
Published: March 2020

buy this issue
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S. economy is experiencing an unemployment rate that is at a fifty-year low. Yet, wage growth continues to be weak, with continuing wage stagnation even at the peak of the business cycle. A major and largely undertheorized reason for the sluggish wages in a period of seeming full employment is to be found in the fact that the new jobs being created by the economy do not measure up to those of the past in terms of weekly wages and hours, or in the degree to which they support households or even individuals.
Benefit of an association of an antioxidative substrate and a traditional chinese medicine on telomere elongation
Authors: M'kacher Radhia , Breton Ludovic , Colicchio Bruno , Puget Henry , Hempel William M. , Al Jawhari Mustafa , Jeandidier Eric , Frey Michel 
Published: March 2020

Telomere shortening is involved in age-related disorders, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, telomerase re-activation strategies have been proposed to counteract telomere shortening and its consequences. Here, we investigated the benefit of dietary supplementation with a mix of S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe) and a polysaccharide extract of Astragalus (APS) on telomere length of circulating lymphocytes of healthy volunteers. Blood lymphocytes of a cohort of 26 healthy volunteers who were administrated the mix of SAMe and APS in a food supplement for one year were collected. In vitro treatment of blood lymphocytes of healthy volunteers with the mix was also performed. A cohort of 150 healthy volunteers was used as a control. Telomere length was measured by Q-FISH. The micronucleus assay was performed to detect genotoxicity of the mix. The telomeres of circulating lymphocytes of the cohort of 26 donors supplemented with the mix were significantly longer than those of matched controls (p < 10-4). This elongation was essentially observed in the lymphocytes of older donors. Similarly, in vitro treatment of circulating lymphocytes with the mix significantly increased telomere length and decrease the proportion of cells with short telomeres. Here, we observed an increase in telomere length after in vivo and in vitro administration of a mix with SAMe and APS. The benefit of dietary supplementation with this mix opens a new horizon for the battle against aging and could be used in the treatment of chronic age-related disorders.
Loss of Piccolo Function in Rats Induces Cerebellar Network Dysfunction and Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 3-like Phenotypes
Authors: Falck Joanne , Bruns Christine , Hoffmann-Conaway Sheila , Straub Isabelle , Plautz Erik J. , Orlando Marta , Munawar Humaira , Rivalan Marion , Winter York , Izsvák Zsuzsanna , Schmitz Dietmar , Hamra F. Kent , Hallermann Stefan , Garner Craig Curtis , Ackermann Frauke 
Published: March 2020

Piccolo, a presynaptic active zone protein, is best known for its role in the regulated assembly and function of vertebrate synapses. Genetic studies suggest a further link to several psychiatric disorders as well as Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia type 3 (PCH3). We have characterized recently generated Piccolo KO (Pclogt/gt) rats. Analysis of rats of both sexes revealed a dramatic reduction in brain size compared with WT (Pclowt/wt) animals, attributed to a decrease in the size of the cerebral cortical, cerebellar, and pontine regions. Analysis of the cerebellum and brainstem revealed a reduced granule cell layer and a reduction in size of pontine nuclei. Moreover, the maturation of mossy fiber afferents from pontine neurons and the expression of the α6 GABAAreceptor subunit at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse are perturbed, as well as the innervation of Purkinje cells by cerebellar climbing fibers. Ultrastructural and functional studies revealed a reduced size of mossy fiber boutons, with fewer synaptic vesicles and altered synaptic transmission. These data imply that Piccolo is required for the normal development, maturation, and function of neuronal networks formed between the brainstem and cerebellum. Consistently, behavioral studies demonstrated that adultPclogt/gtrats display impaired motor coordination, despite adequate performance in tasks that reflect muscle strength and locomotion. Together, these data suggest that loss of Piccolo function in patients with PCH3 could be involved in many of the observed anatomical and behavioral symptoms, and that the further analysis of these animals could provide fundamental mechanistic insights into this devastating disorder.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 3 is a devastating developmental disorder associated with severe developmental delay, progressive microcephaly with brachycephaly, optic atrophy, seizures, and hypertonia with hyperreflexia. Recent genetic studies have identified non-sense mutations in the coding region of the PCLO gene, suggesting a functional link between this disorder and the presynaptic active zone. Our analysis of Piccolo KO rats supports this hypothesis, formally demonstrating that anatomical and behavioral phenotypes seen in patients with Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 3 are also exhibited by these Piccolo deficient animals.
N‐acetyl‐l‐tyrosine is an intrinsic triggering factor of mitohormesis in stressed animals
Authors: Matsumura Takashi , Uryu Outa , Matsuhisa Fumikazu , Tajiri Keiji , Matsumoto Hitoshi , Hayakawa Yoichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnder stress conditions, mitochondria release low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which triggers a cytoprotective response, called “mitohormesis”. It still remains unclear how mitochondria respond to stress‐derived stimuli and release a low level of ROS. Here, we show that N‐acetyl‐l‐tyrosine (NAT) functions as a plausible intrinsic factor responsible for these tasks in stressed animals. NAT is present in the blood or hemolymph of healthy animals, and its concentrations increase in response to heat stress. Pretreatment with NAT significantly increases the stress tolerance of tested insects and mice. Analyses using Drosophila larvae and cultured cells demonstrate that the hormetic effects are triggered by transient NAT‐induced perturbation of mitochondria, which causes a small increase in ROS production and leads to sequential retrograde responses: NAT‐dependent FoxO activation increases in the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and Keap1. Moreover, we find that NAT represses tumor growth, possibly via the activation of Keap1. In sum, we propose that NAT is a vital endogenous molecule that could serve as a triggering factor for mitohormesis.