bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCoda and Rayleigh Waves From a Decade of Repeating Earthquakes Reveal Discordant Temporal Velocity Changes Since the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake
Authors: Yu W. , Lin J.‐T. , Su J. , Song T.‐R. A. , Kang C.‐C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTemporal changes in the subsurface seismic velocity structure reflect the physical processes that modulate the properties of the media through which seismic waves propagate. These processes, such as healing of the surface damage zone and deep crustal deformation, are described by similar functional forms and operate on similar timescales, making it difficult to determine which process drives the observed changes. We examine earthquake‐induced velocity changes using the measured lag‐time time seriesτ(t) of the repeating earthquake sequences since the 2004Mw9.2 Sumatra and 2005Mw8.6 Nias earthquakes. TheScoda velocity changes (δVS, equivalent to−τS) recover steadily during the 2005–2015 period. The Rayleigh wave velocity changes (δVLR, or−τLR) undergo transient recovery, followed by a strongδVLRreduction in late 2007.δVSrecovery is most likely driven by deep processes, whereas the temporal breaks inδVLRrecovery in 2007 mostly reflect surface damage and healing induced by the strong ground motions of the 2004Mw9.2, 2005Mw8.6, 2007Mw8.4, andMw7.9 Bengkulu and 2008Mw7.3 Simeulue earthquakes. The observed differences between the temporal variations inδVSandδVLRcan distinguish deep processes from healing of the surface damage zone.
The Impact of Winter Storms on Sediment Transport Through a Narrow Strait, Bohai, China
Authors: Wang Chenghao , Liu Zhiqiang , Harris Courtney K. , Wu Xiao , Wang Houjie , Bian Changwei , Bi Naishuang , Duan Haiqin , Xu Jingping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Yellow River is one of the most significant sources of terrestrial sediment to the global seas, and the Bohai Strait is the only pathway that delivers Yellow River‐derived sediments from the shallow Bohai Sea to the Yellow Sea. To investigate sediment transport processes through the strait under the influence of storms (strong northerly winds) that frequently occur in winter, we deployed two sets of observing platforms equipped with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) and a suite of other sensors in the strait in January 2018. Aided by a system of high‐resolution models, we reconstructed sediment dynamics in response to the strong northerly wind of a winter storm. Model results show that the instantaneous suspended sediment flux (SSF) is highly aligned with tidal currents, while the net sediment flux has a clear dependence on variations in exchange flow and sediment resuspension. Enhanced coastal currents, intensified wave motions, and higher suspended sediment concentrations indicate that the through‐strait sediment flux during outflows is greater than during inflow conditions. Such SSF asymmetries are believed responsible for the net sediment export through the Bohai Strait in wintertime. Diagnostic analyses provided insights into the dynamic mechanisms of exchange flow variations influenced by both the strong northerly winds and the wind‐triggered coastal trapped waves in the shallow, narrow strait via geostrophic effects. This study highlights the importance of storm‐induced horizontal exchange processes in a coupled bay‐shelf system.
Molecular targeting of renal cell carcinoma by an oral combination
Authors: Jordan Andre R. , Wang Jiaojiao , Yates Travis J. , Hasanali Sarrah L. , Lokeshwar Soum D. , Morera Daley S. , Shamaladevi Nagarajarao , Li Charles S. , Klaassen Zachary , Terris Martha K. , Thangaraju Muthusamy , Singh Amar B. , Soloway Mark S. , Lokeshwar Vinata B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is <12% due to treatment failure. Therapeutic strategies that overcome resistance to modestly effective drugs for mRCC, such as sorafenib (SF), could improve outcome in mRCC patients. SF is terminally biotransformed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-1A9 (A9) mediated glucuronidation, which inactivates SF. In a clinical-cohort and the TCGA-dataset, A9 transcript and/or protein levels were highly elevated in RCC specimens and predicted metastasis and overall-survival. This suggested that elevated A9 levels even in primary tumors of patients who eventually develop mRCC could be a mechanism for SF failure. 4-methylumbelliferone (MU), a choleretic and antispasmodic drug, downregulated A9 and inhibited SF-glucuronidation in RCC cells. Low-dose SF and MU combinations inhibited growth, motility, invasion and downregulated an invasive signature in RCC cells, patient-derived tumor explants and/or endothelial-RCC cell co-cultures; however, both agents individually were ineffective. A9 overexpression made RCC cells resistant to the combination, while its downregulation sensitized them to SF treatment alone. The combination inhibited kidney tumor growth, angiogenesis and distant metastasis, with no detectable toxicity; A9-overexpressing tumors were resistant to treatment. With effective primary tumor control and abrogation of metastasis in preclinical models, the low-dose SF and MU combinations could be an effective treatment option for mRCC patients. Broadly, our study highlights how targeting specific mechanisms that cause the failure of “old” modestly effective FDA-approved drugs could improve treatment response with minimal alteration in toxicity profile.
Oxytocin biases eye-gaze to dynamic and static social images and the eyes of fearful faces: associations with trait autism
Authors: Le Jiao , Kou Juan , Zhao Weihua , Fu Meina , Zhang Yingying , Becker Benjamin , Kendrick Keith M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA key functional effect of intranasal oxytocin with potential therapeutic relevance for autism-spectrum disorder is its reported facilitation of attention towards social stimuli, notably the eye region of faces. In the current randomized placebo-controlled within-subject experiment on 40 healthy males, we investigated the robustness of this facilitation of attention by intranasal oxytocin (24IU) towards social cues. Eye-tracking measures of preference for dynamic and static social vs. non-social stimuli were taken in four different paradigms where autistic individuals tend to exhibit reduced interest in social stimuli. Additionally, we investigated whether oxytocin increases attention towards the eyes relative to other salient face regions in an emotional face paradigm. Results showed that the time spent viewing both dynamic and static social vs. non-social stimuli was negatively associated with trait autism and significantly increased following intranasal oxytocin. For face stimuli, oxytocin primarily increased gaze towards the eyes of fearful expression faces but not for other face emotions. Overall, our findings demonstrate that oxytocin significantly shifts gaze preference towards social vs. non-social stimuli and to the eyes of fearful faces. Importantly, oxytocin appears generally to shift attention more towards salient social stimuli of particular relevance in the context of autism providing further support for its potential therapeutic use in autism-spectrum disorder.
Cannabinoid receptor CNR1 expression and DNA methylation in human prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and caudate in brain development and schizophrenia
Authors: Tao Ran , Li Chao , Jaffe Andrew E. , Shin Joo Heon , Deep-Soboslay Amy , Yamin Rae’e , Weinberger Daniel R. , Hyde Thomas M. , Kleinman Joel E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBeyond being one the most widely used psychoactive drugs in the world, cannabis has been identified as an environmental risk factor for psychosis. Though the relationship between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders remains controversial, consistent association between early adolescent cannabis use and the subsequent risk of psychosis suggested adolescence may be a particularly vulnerable period. Previous findings on gene by environment interactions indicated that cannabis use may only increase the risk for psychosis in the subjects who have a specific genetic vulnerability. The type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1), encoded by the CNR1 gene, is a key component of the endocannabinoid system. As the primary endocannabinoid receptor in the brain, CB1 is the main molecular target of the endocannabinoid ligand, as well as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive ingredient of cannabis. In this study, we have examined mRNA expression and DNA methylation of CNR1 in human prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and caudate samples. The expression of CNR1 is higher in fetal PFC and hippocampus, then drops down dramatically after birth. The lifespan trajectory of CNR1 expression in the DLPFC differentially correlated with age by allelic variation at rs4680, a functional polymorphism in the COMT gene. Compared with COMT methionine158 carriers, Caucasian carriers of the COMT valine158 allele have a stronger negative correlation between the expression of CNR1 in DLPFC and age. In contrast, the methylation level of cg02498983, which is negatively correlated with the expression of CNR1 in PFC, showed the strongest positive correlation with age in PFC of Caucasian carriers of COMT valine158. Additionally, we have observed decreased mRNA expression of CNR1 in the DLPFC of patients with schizophrenia. Further analysis revealed a positive eQTL SNP, rs806368, which predicted the expression of a novel transcript of CNR1 in human DLPFC, hippocampus and caudate. This SNP has been associated with addiction and other psychiatric disorders. THC or ethanol are each significantly associated with dysregulated expression of CNR1 in the PFC of patients with affective disorder, and the expression of CNR1 is significantly upregulated in the PFC of schizophrenia patients who completed suicide. Our results support previous studies that have implicated the endocannabinoid system in the pathology of schizophrenia and provided additional insight into the mechanism of increasing risk for schizophrenia in the adolescent cannabis users.
Fatal prostate cancer incidence trends in the United States and England by race, stage, and treatment
Authors: Butler Eboneé N. , Kelly Scott P. , Coupland Victoria H. , Rosenberg Philip S. , Cook Michael B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferential uptake of prostate-specific antigen testing in the US and UK has been linked to between-country differences for prostate cancer incidence. We examined stage-specificfatalprostate cancer incidence trends in the US and England, by treatment and race/ethnicity.MethodsUsing data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and Public Health England’s National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, we identified prostate cancer patients diagnosed between 1995 and 2005, aged 45–84 years. Fatal prostate cancer was defined as death attributed to the disease within 10 years of diagnosis. We used age–period–cohort models to assess trends in fatal prostate cancer incidence.ResultsFatal prostate cancer incidence declined in the US by −7.5% each year and increased in England by 7.7% annually. These trends were primarily driven by locoregional disease in the US and distant disease in England. Black men in both countries had twofold to threefold higher fatal prostate cancer incidence rates, when compared with their white counterparts; however, receipt of radical prostatectomy lessened this disparity.ConclusionsWe report a significant increasing rate of fatal prostate cancer incidence among English men. The black–white racial disparity appears pervasive but is attenuated among those who received radical prostatectomy in the US.
Non-Markovian recovery makes complex networks more resilient against large-scale failures
Authors: Lin Zhao-Hua , Feng Mi , Tang Ming , Liu Zonghua , Xu Chen , Hui Pak Ming , Lai Ying-Cheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon-Markovian spontaneous recovery processes with a time delay (memory) are ubiquitous in the real world. How does the non-Markovian characteristic affect failure propagation in complex networks? We consider failures due to internal causes at the nodal level and external failures due to an adverse environment, and develop a pair approximation analysis taking into account the two-node correlation. In general, a high failure stationary state can arise, corresponding to large-scale failures that can significantly compromise the functioning of the network. We uncover a striking phenomenon: memory associated with nodal recovery can counter-intuitively make the network more resilient against large-scale failures. In natural systems, the intrinsic non-Markovian characteristic of nodal recovery may thus be one reason for their resilience. In engineering design, incorporating certain non-Markovian features into the network may be beneficial to equipping it with a strong resilient capability to resist catastrophic failures.
SH3RF3 promotes breast cancer stem-like properties via JNK activation and PTX3 upregulation
Authors: Zhang Peiyuan , Liu Yingjie , Lian Cheng , Cao Xuan , Wang Yuan , Li Xiaoxun , Cong Min , Tian Pu , Zhang Xue , Wei Gang , Liu Tong , Hu Guohong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are the tumorigenic cell subpopulation and contribute to cancer recurrence and metastasis. However, the understanding of CSC regulatory mechanisms remains incomplete. By transcriptomic analysis, we identify a scaffold protein SH3RF3 (also named POSH2) that is upregulated in CSCs of breast cancer clinical tumors and cancer cell lines, and enhances the CSC properties of breast cancer cells. Mechanically, SH3RF3 interacts with the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a JNK-interacting protein (JIP)-dependent manner, leading to enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and activation of the JNK-JUN pathway. Further the JNK-JUN signaling expands CSC subpopulation by transcriptionally activating the expression of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3). The functional role of SH3RF3 in CSCs is validated with patient-derived organoid culture, and supported by clinical cohort analyses. In conclusion, our work elucidates the role and molecular mechanism of SH3RF3 in CSCs of breast cancer, and might provide opportunities for CSC-targeting therapy.
Fossils from Mille-Logya, Afar, Ethiopia, elucidate the link between Pliocene environmental changes and Homo origins
Authors: Alemseged Zeresenay , Wynn Jonathan G. , Geraads Denis , Reed Denne , Andrew Barr W. , Bobe René , McPherron Shannon P. , Deino Alan , Alene Mulugeta , J. Sier Mark , Roman Diana , Mohan Joseph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral hypotheses posit a link between the origin of Homo and climatic and environmental shifts between 3 and 2.5 Ma. Here we report on new results that shed light on the interplay between tectonics, basin migration and faunal change on the one hand and the fate of Australopithecus afarensis and the evolution of Homo on the other. Fieldwork at the new Mille-Logya site in the Afar, Ethiopia, dated to between 2.914 and 2.443 Ma, provides geological evidence for the northeast migration of the Hadar Basin, extending the record of this lacustrine basin to Mille-Logya. We have identified three new fossiliferous units, suggesting in situ faunal change within this interval. While the fauna in the older unit is comparable to that at Hadar and Dikika, the younger units contain species that indicate more open conditions along with remains of Homo. This suggests that Homo either emerged from Australopithecus during this interval or dispersed into the region as part of a fauna adapted to more open habitats.
Rapid cost decrease of renewables and storage accelerates the decarbonization of China’s power system
Authors: He Gang , Lin Jiang , Sifuentes Froylan , Liu Xu , Abhyankar Nikit , Phadke Amol 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe costs for solar photovoltaics, wind, and battery storage have dropped markedly since 2010, however, many recent studies and reports around the world have not adequately captured such dramatic decrease. Those costs are projected to decline further in the near future, bringing new prospects for the widespread penetration of renewables and extensive power-sector decarbonization that previous policy discussions did not fully consider. Here we show if cost trends for renewables continue, 62% of China’s electricity could come from non-fossil sources by 2030 at a cost that is 11% lower than achieved through a business-as-usual approach. Further, China’s power sector could cut half of its 2015 carbon emissions at a cost about 6% lower compared to business-as-usual conditions.
Neutrophil extracellular traps released by neutrophils impair revascularization and vascular remodeling after stroke
Authors: Kang Lijing , Yu Huilin , Yang Xing , Zhu Yuanbo , Bai Xiaofei , Wang Ranran , Cao Yongliang , Xu Haochen , Luo Haiyu , Lu Lu , Shi Mei-Juan , Tian Yujing , Fan Wenying , Zhao Bing-Qiao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeovascularization and vascular remodeling are functionally important for brain repair after stroke. We show that neutrophils accumulate in the peri-infarct cortex during all stages of ischemic stroke. Neutrophils producing intravascular and intraparenchymal neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) peak at 3–5 days. Neutrophil depletion reduces blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and enhances neovascularization at 14 days. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an enzyme essential for NET formation, is upregulated in peri-ischemic brains. Overexpression of PAD4 induces an increase in NET formation that is accompanied by reduced neovascularization and increased BBB damage. Disruption of NETs by DNase 1 and inhibition of NET formation by genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of PAD increases neovascularization and vascular repair and improves functional recovery. Furthermore, PAD inhibition reduces stroke-induced STING-mediated production of IFN-β, and STING knockdown and IFN receptor-neutralizing antibody treatment reduces BBB breakdown and increases vascular plasticity. Collectively, our results indicate that NET release impairs vascular remodeling during stroke recovery.
Translational control of breast cancer plasticity
Authors: Jewer Michael , Lee Laura , Leibovitch Matthew , Zhang Guihua , Liu Jiahui , Findlay Scott D. , Vincent Krista M. , Tandoc Kristofferson , Dieters-Castator Dylan , Quail Daniela F. , Dutta Indrani , Coatham Mackenzie , Xu Zhihua , Puri Aakshi , Guan Bo-Jhih , Hatzoglou Maria , Brumwell Andrea , Uniacke James , Patsis Christos , Koromilas Antonis , Schueler Julia , Siegers Gabrielle M. , Topisirovic Ivan , Postovit Lynne-Marie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlasticity of neoplasia, whereby cancer cells attain stem-cell-like properties, is required for disease progression and represents a major therapeutic challenge. We report that in breast cancer cells NANOG, SNAIL and NODAL transcripts manifest multiple isoforms characterized by different 5’ Untranslated Regions (5’UTRs), whereby translation of a subset of these isoforms is stimulated under hypoxia. The accumulation of the corresponding proteins induces plasticity and “fate-switching” toward stem cell-like phenotypes. Mechanistically, we observe that mTOR inhibitors and chemotherapeutics induce translational activation of a subset of NANOG, SNAIL and NODAL mRNA isoforms akin to hypoxia, engendering stem-cell-like phenotypes. These effects are overcome with drugs that antagonize translational reprogramming caused by eIF2α phosphorylation (e.g. ISRIB), suggesting that the Integrated Stress Response drives breast cancer plasticity. Collectively, our findings reveal a mechanism of induction of plasticity of breast cancer cells and provide a molecular basis for therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming drug resistance and abrogating metastasis.
Precise phylogenetic analysis of microbial isolates and genomes from metagenomes using PhyloPhlAn 3.0
Authors: Asnicar Francesco , Thomas Andrew Maltez , Beghini Francesco , Mengoni Claudia , Manara Serena , Manghi Paolo , Zhu Qiyun , Bolzan Mattia , Cumbo Fabio , May Uyen , Sanders Jon G. , Zolfo Moreno , Kopylova Evguenia , Pasolli Edoardo , Knight Rob , Mirarab Siavash , Huttenhower Curtis , Segata Nicola 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicrobial genomes are available at an ever-increasing pace, as cultivation and sequencing become cheaper and obtaining metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) becomes more effective. Phylogenetic placement methods to contextualize hundreds of thousands of genomes must thus be efficiently scalable and sensitive from closely related strains to divergent phyla. We present PhyloPhlAn 3.0, an accurate, rapid, and easy-to-use method for large-scale microbial genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis at multiple levels of resolution. PhyloPhlAn 3.0 can assign genomes from isolate sequencing or MAGs to species-level genome bins built from >230,000 publically available sequences. For individual clades of interest, it reconstructs strain-level phylogenies from among the closest species using clade-specific maximally informative markers. At the other extreme of resolution, it scales to large phylogenies comprising >17,000 microbial species. Examples including Staphylococcus aureus isolates, gut metagenomes, and meta-analyses demonstrate the ability of PhyloPhlAn 3.0 to support genomic and metagenomic analyses.
Convex optimization of programmable quantum computers
Authors: Banchi Leonardo , Pereira Jason , Lloyd Seth , Pirandola Stefano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA fundamental model of quantum computation is the programmable quantum gate array. This is a quantum processor that is fed by a program state that induces a corresponding quantum operation on input states. While being programmable, any finite-dimensional design of this model is known to be nonuniversal, meaning that the processor cannot perfectly simulate an arbitrary quantum channel over the input. Characterizing how close the simulation is and finding the optimal program state have been open questions for the past 20 years. Here, we answer these questions by showing that the search for the optimal program state is a convex optimization problem that can be solved via semidefinite programming and gradient-based methods commonly employed for machine learning. We apply this general result to different types of processors, from a shallow design based on quantum teleportation, to deeper schemes relying on port-based teleportation and parametric quantum circuits.
Multiplexed quantum transport using commercial off-the-shelf CMOS at sub-kelvin temperatures
Authors: Paquelet Wuetz B. , Bavdaz P. L. , Yeoh L. A. , Schouten R. , van der Does H. , Tiggelman M. , Sabbagh D. , Sammak A. , Almudever C. G. , Sebastiano F. , Clarke J. S. , Veldhorst M. , Scappucci G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContinuing advancements in quantum information processing have caused a paradigm shift from research mainly focused on testing the reality of quantum mechanics to engineering qubit devices with numbers required for practical quantum computation. One of the major challenges in scaling toward large-scale solid-state systems is the limited input/output (I/O) connectors present in cryostats operating at sub-kelvin temperatures required to execute quantum logic with high fidelity. This interconnect bottleneck is equally present in the device fabrication-measurement cycle, which requires high-throughput and cryogenic characterization to develop quantum processors. Here we multiplex quantum transport of two-dimensional electron gases at sub-kelvin temperatures. We use commercial off-the-shelf CMOS multiplexers to achieve an order of magnitude increase in the number of wires. Exploiting this technology, we accelerate the development of 300 mm epitaxial wafers manufactured in an industrial CMOS fab and report a remarkable electron mobility of (3.9 ± 0.6) × 105 cm2/Vs and percolation density of (6.9 ± 0.4) × 1010 cm−2, representing a key step toward large silicon qubit arrays. We envision that the demonstration will inspire the development of cryogenic electronics for quantum information, and because of the simplicity of assembly and versatility, we foresee widespread use of similar cryo-CMOS circuits for high-throughput quantum measurements and control of quantum engineered systems.