bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric testing of the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire among adolescent refugees living in Jordan
Authors: Al‐Amer Rasmieh , Maneze Della , Ramjan Lucie , Villarosa Amy R. , Darwish Rima , Salamonson Yenna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRefugee youth living in Arab countries have disproportionately higher rates of depression due to the effects of displacement and trauma which makes screening a priority for early intervention. The Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ‐A) is a reliable and valid scale to assess mental health issues, but its psychometric properties in Arabic refugee populations are unknown. This was a cross‐sectional study conducted between March and Mid‐April 2018, among Arabic refugee adolescents aged 13–18 years living in the Baqa'a United Nations Relief and Works Agency refugee camp in Jordan, to generate an Arabic‐language version of the questionnaire and to test its psychometric properties among adolescent refugees. Five hundred and ninety‐one adolescents completed the PHQ‐A in Arabic. Using SPSS and AMOS version 25, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was computed to assess construct validity and instrument reliability. Multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed the discriminant validity of the PHQ‐A. Although exploratory factor analysis identified the nine items from the original version and explained only 37% of the variance, confirmatory factor analysis supported the one‐factor structure of the PHQ‐A. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.82 and ranged from 0.79 to 0.81 for each item. The Arabic translated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents showed acceptable psychometric properties for use as a screening tool for depression in Arabic adolescent refugees.
Exploring enablers and barriers to accessing health services after a fall among people with intellectual disability
Authors: Ho Portia , Bulsara Caroline , Patman Shane , Downs Jenny , Hill Anne‐Marie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disability experience high rates of falls making falls prevention an important health need. The purpose of the study was to seek perspectives of older adults with intellectual disability and their caregivers to (a) explore the experiences of older adults with intellectual disability when seeking healthcare services after a fall and (b) identify enablers and barriers when taking up evidence‐based falls recommendations.MethodA qualitative exploratory study was undertaken as part of a prospective observational cohort study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample. Data were analysed thematically using Colaizzi's method.ResultsSeventeen interviews were conducted (n = 21). Emergent themes demonstrated that participants had limited knowledge about falls prevention. Enablers included individualizing falls prevention strategies. Barriers included not being offered access to established falls prevention pathways.ConclusionThere is an urgent need to develop high‐quality falls prevention services for older adults with intellectual disability.
Historical environmental stability drives discordant niche filling dynamics across phylogenetic scales
Authors: Oliveira Brunno F. , Flenniken Jeffry M. , Guralnick Robert P. , Williams Stephen E. , Scheffers Brett R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimRegional diversity can increase owing to either the packing of species within regional niche space or the expansion of regional niche space. Yet, the primary factors dictating these dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we assess the relative influence of current environmental conditions (net primary productivity, NPP) versus historic environmental stability over the Last Glacial Maximum on niche filling patterns of vertebrates (mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles) in the Australian Wet Tropics (AWTs).LocationAustralian Wet Tropics.TaxonVertebrates (mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles).MethodsWe measured patterns of niche filling (niche packing vs. niche expansion) as the standardized departure of observed functional diversity (FD) from its null expectation. We fitted spatial models for vertebrates, and for each constituent class (mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles) separately, to evaluate the relative effects of NPP and environmental stability on species richness and niche filling patterns.ResultsHistorical environmental stability had a greater effect than NPP on species richness and niche filling patterns. However, the directionality of this effect depended on phylogenetic scale, with vertebrates exhibiting niche packing while each constituent class (except reptiles) exhibited niche expansion with increasing environmental stability.Main ConclusionIntra‐class competition presumably leads to niche differentiation and expansion, whereas the overlap of functional traits among species from different classes leads to niche packing. That environmental stability over millennia is associated with an expanding niche space across multiple vertebrate classes suggests that the accumulation of FD within communities requires long recovery times.
Inhibition of Rac1 activity by NSC23766 prevents cartilage endplate degeneration via Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Jiang Chao , Sun Ze‐Ming , Zhu Ding‐Chao , Guo Qiang , Xu Jia‐Jing , Lin Jia‐Hao , Chen Ze‐Xin , Wu Yao‐Sen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCartilage endplate (CEP) degeneration has been considered as one of important factors related to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Previous researches have showed that Rac1 played a pivotal role in chondrocyte differentiation. However, the effect of Rac1 during the process of CEP degeneration remains unclear. Herein, we explored the effect of Rac1 on CEP degeneration and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. We found expression of Rac1‐GTP increased in human‐degenerated CEP tissue and IL‐1β‐stimulated rat endplate chondrocytes (EPCs). Our study revealed that Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 treatment promoted the expression of collagen II, aggrecan and Sox‐9, and decreased the expression of ADTAMTS5 and MMP13 in IL‐1β‐stimulated rat EPCs. Moreover, we also found that NSC23766 could suppress the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, suggesting that the beneficial effects of Rac1 inhibition in EPCs are mediated through the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Besides, puncture‐induced rats models showed that NSC23766 played a protective role on CEP and disc degeneration. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Rac1 inhibition delayed the EPCs degeneration and its potential mechanism may be associated with Wnt/β‐catenin pathway regulation, which may help us better understand the association between Rac1 and CEP degeneration and provide a promising strategy for delaying the progression of IVDD.
Frames of decision‐making in prenatal consultations in England and France. Towards a sociological, relational, and processual approach to autonomy
Authors: Ville Isabelle , Lafarge Caroline 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe article looks at how, during consultations, pregnant women identified as presenting an increased risk of giving birth to a child with an impairment, and practitioners in the field of prenatal diagnosis, decide whether or not to accept the risk of a miscarriage and proceed with a diagnostic examination.MethodsWe conducted 63 observations of consultations in France and 22 in England. Participants were women for whom an elevated risk of abnormality had been identified and the practitioners involved in their care.Our analytical approach consisted in suspending the normative concepts of nondirectiveness and autonomy, and in drawing on Goffman's (1974) notion of “frame” to take account of the experiential and structural aspects that the protagonists bring into the (inter)actions.ResultsWe identified four frames: medico‐scientific expertise, medical authority, religious authority, and compassion. Observation of the ways in which the frames intertwine during consultations revealed configurations that facilitate or hinder the fluidity of the interactions and the decision‐making process. The medico‐scientific expertise frame, imposed by the guidelines, heavily dominated our observations, but frequently caused distress and misunderstanding. Temporary or sustained use of the compassion and/or medical authority frames could help to repair the discussion and create the conditions that enable women/couples to reach a decision. Variations in configuration highlighted the differences between practitioners in the two countries.ConclusionsCombining frames allows protagonists to exert reflective abilities and to maintain/restore interactions. The frame analysis promotes a vision of autonomy that is sociological, relational, and processual. The frames are anchored in different structural conditions in England and France.
Taxonomical study of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Ribeira de Iguape River basin reveals a new species recorded in the early 20th century
Authors: Donin Laura M. , Ferrer Juliano , Carvalho Tiago P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new species of Trichomycterus endemic to the Ribeira de Iguape River basin, southeastern Brazil, was studied based on morphological and molecular evidence. This species had an outer layer of coloration composed of scattered, round, black or dark‐brown spots smaller or equivalent in size to the circumference of the eye; eight pectoral‐fin rays; 28–29 opercular odontodes; 54–56 interopercular odontodes; and supraorbital line of the laterosensory system not interrupted, with pores s2 absent. Two other species of Trichomycterus from the Ribeira de Iguape River basin are recorded, and their taxonomic status is discussed: Trichomycterus alternatus and Trichomycterus jacupiranga were not differentiated using molecular analysis but may be consistently distinguished based on morphology. The phylogenetic relationships of the co‐occurring species, T. alternatus and Cambeva zonata, were inferred using mitochondrial data, reinforcing the taxonomic status of these recently revised species that have a complex taxonomy. In addition, a new combination for Trichomycterus taroba with its inclusion in the genus Cambeva is recommended.
Nursing Staff Needs in Providing Palliative Care for Persons With Dementia at Home or in Nursing Homes: A Survey
Authors: Bolt Sascha R. , Meijers Judith M.M. , van der Steen Jenny T. , Schols Jos M.G.A. , Zwakhalen Sandra M.G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate what types and forms of support nursing staff need in providing palliative care for persons with dementia. Another aim was to compare the needs of nursing staff with different educational levels and working in home care or in nursing homes.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive survey design was used.MethodsA questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of Dutch nursing staff working in the home care or nursing home setting. Data were collected from July through October 2018. Quantitative survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data from two open‐ended survey questions were investigated using content analysis.FindingsThe sample comprised 416 respondents. Nursing staff with different educational levels and working in different settings indicated largely similar needs. The highest‐ranking needs for support were in dealing with family disagreement in end‐of‐life decision making (58%), dealing with challenging behaviors (41%), and recognizing and managing pain (38%). The highest‐ranking form of support was peer‐to‐peer learning (51%). If respondents would have more time to do their work, devoting personal attention would be a priority.ConclusionsNursing staff with different educational levels and working in home care or in nursing homes endorsed similar needs in providing palliative care for persons with dementia and their loved ones.Clinical RelevanceIt is critical to understand the specific needs of nursing staff in order to develop tailored strategies. Interventions aimed at increasing the competence of nursing staff in providing palliative care for persons with dementia may target similar areas to support a heterogeneous group of nurses and nurse assistants, working in home care or in a nursing home.
Assessing Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics Using Transcranial Doppler in Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
Authors: Melmed Kara R. , Schlick Konrad H. , Rinsky Brenda , Dumitrascu Oana M. , Volod Oksana , Nezhad Mani , Padrick Matthew M. , Runyan Carmelita , Arabia Francisco A. , Moriguchi Jaime D. , Lyden Patrick D. , Song Shlee S 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices are commonly used in heart failure patients. These devices carry risk for presumably embolic and additionally hemorrhagic stroke. Alterations in blood flow play a key role in stroke pathophysiology, and we aimed to learn more about hemodynamic compromise. In this study, we used transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound to define hemodynamics of commonly used nonpulsatile MCS devices, as well as pulsatile devices, with special attention to the total artificial heart (TAH).METHODSFrom 2/2013 through 12/2016, we prospectively enrolled patients with MCS who underwent TCD imaging. We analyzed TCD parameters, including peak systolic velocity, end‐diastolic velocity, pulsatility indices (PIs), and number of high‐intensity transient signals. Waveform morphologies were compared between various MCS devices.RESULTSWe performed 132 TCD studies in 86 MCS patients. Waveforms in patients supported by venoarterial‐extracorporeal membrane oxygenation demonstrated continuous flow without clear systolic peaks with an average (±SD) PI of .43 (±.2). PIs were low in patients with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices with a mean PI of .32 (±.13). Impella patients had morphologically distinct pulsatile waveforms and a higher mean PI of .65 (±.24). In intra‐arterial balloon pump patients, mean PI was 1.01 (±.16) and diastolic upstrokes were pronounced. In TAH patients, mean middle cerebral artery velocity of 79.69 (±32.33) cm/seconds and PI of .74 (±.14) approached normal values.CONCLUSIONTCD can detect characteristic waveforms in patients supported by various MCS devices. These device‐specific TCD patterns are recognizable and reproducible.
Ischemic Core Volume Combined with the Relative Perfusion Ratio for Stroke Outcome Prediction after Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Rotkopf Lukas T. , Tiedt Steffen , Puhr‐Westerheide Daniel , Herzberg Moriz , Reidler Paul , Kellert Lars , Feil Katharina , Thierfelder Kolja M. , Dorn Franziska , Liebig Thomas , Wollenweber Frank A. , Kunz Wolfgang G. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEImaging‐based selection of stroke patients for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) remains an ongoing challenge. Our aim was to determine the value of a combined parameter of ischemic core volume (ICV) and the relative degree of cerebral blood flow in the penumbra for morphologic and clinical outcome prediction.METHODSIn this Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved prospective observational study, 221 consecutive patients with large vessel occlusion anterior circulation stroke within 6 hours of symptom onset and subsequent EVT were included between June 2015 and August 2017. Admission computed tomography perfusion was analyzed using automated threshold‐based algorithms. Perfusion‐weighted ICV (pw‐ICV) was calculated by multiplying ICV with the relative cerebral blood flow reduction within the penumbra. Functional outcome was assessed by standardized assessment of the modified Rankin scale (mRS) after 3 months.RESULTSIn multivariate analyses, pw‐ICV was significantly associated with final infarction volume (FIV) (β = .38, P < .001) after adjustment for penumbra volume, age, sex and time from symptom onset. In separate multivariate analysis with either pw‐ICV or ICV, pw‐ICV outperformed ICV for the prediction of FIV (Akaike's information criterion: 1,072 vs. 1,089; conditional variable importance: 1,494 vs. 955). There was also a highly significant association between FIV and clinical outcome as measured by an mRS score of 2 or less (odds ratio per 10 mL = .78, P < .001). Both pw‐ICV and ICV were significantly associated with NIHSS improvement (both P<.05).CONCLUSIONIn EVT‐treated stroke patients, pw‐ICV outperforms the more commonly used ICV in the prediction of morphological and functional outcome.
The Žďár nad Sázavou meteorite fall: Fireball trajectory, photometry, dynamics, fragmentation, orbit, and meteorite recovery
Authors: Spurný Pavel , Borovička Jiří , Shrbený Lukáš 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report a comprehensive analysis of the instrumentally observed meteorite fall Žďár nad Sázavou, which occurred in the Czech Republic on December 9, 2014, at 16:16:45–54 UT. The original meteoroid with an estimated initial mass of 150 kg entered the atmosphere with a speed of 21.89 km s−1 and began a luminous trajectory at an altitude of 98.06 km. At the maximum, it reached −15.26 absolute magnitude and terminated after a 9.16 s and 170.5 km long flight at an altitude of 24.71 km with a speed of 4.8 km/s. The average slope of the atmospheric trajectory to the Earth's surface was only 25.66°. Before its collision with Earth, the initial meteoroid orbited the Sun on a moderately eccentric orbit with perihelion near Venus orbit, aphelion in the outer main belt, and low inclination. During the atmospheric entry, the meteoroid severely fragmented at a very low dynamic pressure 0.016 MPa and further multiple fragmentations occurred at 1.4–2.5 MPa. Based on our analysis, so far three small meteorites classified as L3.9 ordinary chondrites totaling 87 g have been found almost exactly in the locations predicted for a given mass. Because of very high quality of photographic and radiometric records, taken by the dedicated instruments of the Czech part of the European Fireball Network, Žďár nad Sázavou belongs to the most reliably, accurately, and thoroughly described meteorite falls in history.
Causes of impaired biventricular pacing in cardiac resynchronization devices with left ventricular sensing
Authors: Haeberlin Andreas , Ploux Sylvain , Noel Antoine , Chauvel Rémi , Welte Nicolas , Marchand Hugo , Haïssaguerre Michel , Ritter Philippe , Eschalier Romain , Bordachar Pierre 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLoss of biventricular stimulation can result in nonresponse to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Problems associated with the left ventricular (LV) lead and LV sensing can be challenging to detect and their incidence is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate mechanisms of loss of biventricular pacing due to LV lead‐ and LV sensing‐associated problems.MethodsIn this bicentric study, CRT patients were surveilled using a novel remote monitoring algorithm from Biotronik (Germany) that registers LV electrograms (EGMs) during intermittent loss of resynchronization. The episodes were analyzed to assess the mechanisms of resynchronization interruptions.ResultsWe analyzed 582 EGMs from 61 patients. During a median follow‐up of 6 months, 59% of the patients had such episodes. The majority of the episodes (61%) were related to inappropriate inhibition of LV pacing, mostly due to upper rate lock‐in caused by LV sensing (58%). In contrast, 8% of episodes showed intermittent loss of LV capture, which was identified thanks to LV sensing. The remaining 31% of episodes were due to physiological reasons for resynchronization interruptions (eg, supraventricular tachycardia [18%], premature beats [8%], and others [5%]). Patients with CRT interruption episodes had lower resynchronization rates (median: 98.5% vs 100%, P = .044).ConclusionsInadequate programming (active LV sensing with T‐wave protection) is the main cause of impaired resynchronization in devices with LV sensing. In general, we recommend the deactivation of the LV T‐wave protection function.
Aplasia cutis congenita in Korea: Single center experience and literature review
Authors: Yang Min‐Young , Ha Dae‐Lyong , Kim Hoon‐Soo , Ko Hyun‐Chang , Kim Byung‐Soo , Kim Moon‐Bum 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by a localized absence of skin. which most commonly affects the scalp. We performed the present study to elucidate the basic clinical data regarding ACC in Korea, including demographics, clinical features, radiological and therapeutic results.MethodsFifty‐nine patients (70 lesions) with ACC (35 from our department and 24 from a Koreamed database search) were enrolled. We assessed demographics, family and obstetrical histories, clinical features (multiplicity, subtype, size, shape, hair collar sign, location, and Frieden's classification), and radiologic and therapeutic results.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 2.62 years, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.03. A minority of patients had a family history (three patients), birth trauma (one patient), maternal drug use (two patients), or human immunodeficiency virus infection (one patient) during pregnancy, and fetus papyraceus of placental infarcts (two patients). Six patients (6/59, 10.17%) had multiple lesions. Scarring was the most common manifestation (39/70, 55.71%). The scalp was the most commonly affected site (50 cases, 71.43%). Thirty‐nine patients (66.10%) met Frieden's type I classification (scalp ACC without multiple anomalies). Radiological investigations were performed in 30 patients (30/59, 50.85%) with abnormal findings in eight patients. Twenty‐five patients (42.37%) were managed conservatively, and 17 patients (28.81%) were treated with local wound care.ConclusionsThis is the first and largest study assessing the basic clinical data of ACC in Korea. The results of the present study could be useful for pediatricians and dermatologists who routinely manage ACC.
Rationalize or reappraise? How envy and cognitive reappraisal shape unethical contagion
Authors: Thiel Chase E. , Bonner Julena , Bush John T. , Welsh David T. , Pati Rakesh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReducing unethical employee behavior is a complex challenge for organizations given that such behavior is often highly contagious. Yet, although many employees imitate the unethical behavior of their coworkers, some adhere to ethical standards in spite of their coworkers’ unethical behavior. Drawing on social cognitive theory, we propose an expanded model of unethical social influence that sheds light on the processes and boundary conditions associated with unethical contagion within organizations. Specifically, we argue that observing others engage in unethical behavior evokes feelings of envy that, in turn, facilitate moral disengagement and unethicality. We then integrate research on cognitive reappraisal with the moral disengagement literature to propose that cognitive reappraisal attenuates the experience of envy in those who observe unethical behavior. Across two field studies and an experimental study, we build a model in which envy mediates the relationship between observed unethical behavior and moral disengagement with downstream consequences in the form of unethical behavior. Additionally, both cognitive reappraisal orientation (Studies 1 & 2) and cognitive reappraisal training (Study 3) attenuate this mediated effect. Given the substantial costs of unethical contagion within organizations, these findings have implications for both scholars and managers.