bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of entrepreneurs’ immigrant status and time on the perceived likelihood of exporting
Authors: Bolzani Daniela , Fini Riccardo , Marzocchi Gian Luca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe contribute in this paper to the scant literature on the factors and conditions influencing the development of different perceptions of potential international opportunities for immigrant and native entrepreneurs in the pre-internationalization phase. Specifically, we investigate what factors influence the perceived likelihood entrepreneurs have of exporting. Building on entrepreneurial intentions and opportunity-based entrepreneurial processes, we propose a cognitive account of perceived likelihood of exporting based on entrepreneurs’ perceptions of the desirability and feasibility of export opportunities. We investigate how the immigrant status (i.e., individual characteristics) and time (i.e., contextual factors) influence the relationship between the desirability and feasibility of exporting, and entrepreneurs’ perceived likelihood of exporting. We employ an experimental design on a matched-pair sample of 108 native and immigrant entrepreneurs in domestic technology-based firms. The results are a unique account of the cognitive antecedents of the perceived likelihood of exporting under different temporal conditions, comparing immigrant and native entrepreneurs. We discuss theoretical and practical implications.
Ist Blockchain das Ende der Banken?
Authors: Brandl Barbara 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungBlockchain verspricht, Intermediäre wie Banken überflüssig zu machen und durch dezentrale Peer-to-Peer-Netzwerke zu ersetzen. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Frage nach der Realisierbarkeit dieser Ankündigung sowie danach, welche gesellschaftlichen Implikationen damit verbunden sind. Eine historisch informierte theoretische Analyse zeigt, dass die Erzeugung von Kreditgeld durch Banken ein für kapitalistische Gesellschaften existenzieller Vorgang ist. Die Fiktion des Geldwerts bedarf ihrerseits glaubwürdiger Intermediäre, die dauerhaft in der Lage sind, die zeitliche und räumliche Stabilität des Geldes zu inszenieren. Explorative Interviews mit Akteuren im Finanzsektor in Kombination mit einer inhaltsanalytischen Auswertung von einschlägigen Blogs, White Papers und Artikeln der Wirtschaftspresse lassen vermuten, dass Blockchain Intermediäre keineswegs ausschaltet, sondern diejenigen mächtiger werden lässt, die in der Lage sind, die Technologie ihren Bedürfnissen entsprechend umzugestalten.
Police Victim and Witness Interviewing in a Northern Canadian Territory: Measuring Perceptions and Practice
Authors: Chenier Kate , Milne Rebecca , Shawyer Andrea , Snook Brent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolice victim and witness interviewing in a northern Canadian territory with a predominantly Indigenous population was examined across two studies. In study 1, an Internet survey about interview training, practices and cross-cultural issues was completed by serving police officers (N = 37). In study 2, transcripts of interviews with Indigenous adult victims and witnesses (N = 20) were coded for the presence of various interviewing practices (e.g. question types, interruptions, talking time). Survey results showed that most officers were untrained in scientific-interviewing protocols but were aware of the general practices that constitute a competent interview (e.g. building rapport, requesting a free narrative). Most respondents indicated that cultural differences impact their interviewing style. Results of the transcript analysis showed that officers violated the 80/20 talking rule in 90% of the interviews and unproductive question types (e.g. closed yes/no) were used often. All interviews contained a request for a full account, most interviews contained elements of active listening and few interruptions were observed. These findings are discussed with reference to how interviewing and cross-cultural communication training could help police organizations who serve Indigenous populations. Future research should consider whether established international best practices for interviewing are effective in settings with Indigenous victims and witnesses.
Sports and mathematical abilities in primary school-aged children: How important are spatial abilities? An explorative study
Authors: Jansen Petra , Pietsch Stefanie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is well known that sports and mathematical abilities are related to spatial abilities, also a relation between sport and mathematical abilities is assumed. However, the relation between all three aspects has not been investigated until now. Therefore, the main goal of the study is to examine the relationship between sport, spatial and mathematical ability in elementary school aged children. 50 boys and 42 girls from third grade solved spatial and sport tasks, which can be differentiated into the following: intrinsic-dynamic, intrinsic-static and extrinsic-static. Furthermore, their performances in mathematical (separated into numerical/arithmetical and geometrical) abilities were analyzed. The results showed significant correlations between the static spatial and sporting activities. This correlation is due to the strong correlation within the group of girls. Furthermore, a good performance in the intrinsic-spatial ability was related to a high geometrical ability of the children, especially in boys. However, the geometrical ability could not be predicted by sport abilities.
Spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation cover changes around surface water based on NDVI: a case study in Korama basin, Southern Zinder, Niger
Authors: Sidi Almouctar Mohamed Adou , Wu Yiping , Kumar Amit , Zhao Fubo , Mambu Koroma John , Sadek Mohammed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the modern era, vegetation dynamics is an important aspect of climate change studies. The present study examined spatiotemporal changes of (NDVI) normalized difference vegetation index in the Korama basin (Southern Zinder of Niger) from 2000 to 2018, and their correlation with climatic factors was predicted. To analyze the change of vegetation cover, geographical information system, MODIS_NDVI, remote sensing, and climate variables (e.g., temperature and precipitation) datasets were used. Further, the correlation was performed for different years of vegetation types during the growing season (June–October). Our results show an increasing trend in average maximum annual NDVI across the Korama River Basin in the years 2000 and 2018. Conversely, significantly increasing trends in most of the areas were reported. Moreover, in downstream the vegetation cover is increased in Matameye and Magaria, but with a smaller increase in the upstream rate in Mirriah. Furthermore, a decrease in the surface water was observed in the Tessaoua, Matameye, and Magaria sections of the study region in 2000 and 2018, while a rise in water surface area was observed in Matameye and Magaria in the years 2006 and 2012. During rainy and dry seasons, NDVI correlated differently with temperature and precipitation with strong seasonal variations, while the mean vegetation period of NDVI does not show any significant change. In addition, moderate increase was observed in years 2000 and 2012 (r: 0.22; P: 0.50; R2: 0.05; r: 0.31; P: 0.34, R2: 0.10, respectively), and weak decrease in 2006 and 2018 (r: 0.61; P: 0.04; R2: 0.37; r: 0.58; P: 0.06, R2:0.33, respectively). The analysis indicates that climatic parameters such as precipitation and temperature are the main limiting factors affecting the vegetation growth. Indeed, the trends calculated by the correlation analysis showed that as climate factors increased (July, August, and September), the NDVI value increased at a rate of 0.16, reflecting the best growth in vegetation and rise in water bodies, although significantly decreased during years. This study would be highly useful in choice-making for sustainable water resource management in the Korama watershed in Southern Zinder, Niger.
Improved ST-FZI method for permeability estimation to include the impact of porosity type and lithology
Authors: Amraei Hamed , Falahat Reza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPermeability represents the flow conductivity of a porous media. Since permeability is one of the most vital as well as the complex properties of a hydrocarbon reservoir, it is necessary to measure/estimate accurately, rapidly and inexpensively. Routine methods of permeability calculation are through core analysis and well tests, but due to problems and weaknesses of the aforementioned methods such as excessive costs and time, these are not necessarily applied on neither in all wells of a field nor in all reservoir intervals. Therefore, log-based approaches have been recently developed. The goal of this research is to provide a flowchart to estimate permeability using well logs in one of Iranian south oil fields and finally to introduce a new algorithm to estimate the permeability more accurately. Permeability is firstly estimated using artificial neural network (ANN) employing routine well logs and core data. Subsequently, it is estimated using Stoneley-Flow Zone Index (ST-FZI) and is compared with the results of core analysis. Correlation coefficients in permeability estimation by artificial neural network and Stoneley-FZI are R2 = 0.75 and R2 = 0.85, respectively. On the next step, an improved algorithm for permeability prediction (improved ST-FZI) is presented that includes the impact of lithology and porosity type. To improve the permeability estimation by ST-FZI method, electro-facies clustering based on MRGC method is employed. For this purpose, rock pore typing utilizing VDL and NDS synthetic logs is employed that considers the porosity types and texture. The VDL log separates interparticle porosity from moldic and intra-fossil porosities and washes out and weak rock-type zones. Employing MRGC method, three main facies are considered: good-quality reservoir rock, medium-quality reservoir rock and bad-quality (non-reservoir) rocks. Permeability is then estimated for each group employing ST-FZI method. The estimated permeability log by improved ST-FZI method shows better match with the measured permeability (R2 = 0.93). The average error between estimated and measured permeability for ANN, ST-FZI method and improved ST-FZI method is 1.83, 1.18 and 0.796, respectively. The increased correlation is mainly due to involving the impact of porosity types on improved ST-FZI method. Therefore, it is recommended to apply this algorithm on variety of complicated reservoir to analyze its accuracy on different environments.
Soil organic carbon storage in a mountain permafrost area of Central Asia (High Altai, Russia)
Authors: Pascual Didac , Kuhry Peter , Raudina Tatiana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe thawing and subsequent decomposition of large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) currently stored in the northern circumpolar permafrost region are projected to result in a ‘positive’ feedback on global warming. The magnitude of this feedback can only be assessed with improved knowledge about the total size and geographic distribution of the permafrost SOC pool. This study investigates SOC storage in an under-sampled mountain permafrost area in the Russian High Altai. SOC stocks from 39 soil pits are upscaled using a GIS-based land cover classification. We found that the top 100 cm of soils in Aktru Valley and the adjacent Kuray Basin only holds on average 2.6 ± 0.6 kg C m−2(95% confidence interval), of which only c. 1% is stored in permafrost. Global warming will result in an upward shift of alpine life zones, with new plant cover and soil development at higher elevations. As a result, this type of mountain permafrost area might act as a net C sink in the future, representing a ‘negative’ feedback on global warming.
Performance‐weighted‐voting model: An ensemble machine learning method for cancer type classification using whole‐exome sequencing mutation
Authors: Li Yawei , Luo Yuan 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWith improvements in next‐generation DNA sequencing technology, lower cost is needed to collect genetic data. More machine learning techniques can be used to help with cancer analysis and diagnosis.MethodsWe developed an ensemble machine learning system named performance‐weighted‐voting model for cancer type classification in 6,249 samples across 14 cancer types. Our ensemble system consists of five weak classifiers (logistic regression, SVM, random forest, XGBoost and neural networks). We first used cross‐validation to get the predicted results for the five classifiers. The weights of the five weak classifiers can be obtained based on their predictive performance by solving linear regression functions. The final predicted probability of the performance‐weighted‐voting model for a cancer type can be determined by the summation of each classifier’s weight multiplied by its predicted probability.ResultsUsing the somatic mutation count of each gene as the input feature, the overall accuracy of the performance‐weighted‐voting model reached 71.46%, which was significantly higher than the five weak classifiers and two other ensemble models: the hard‐voting model and the soft‐voting model. In addition, by analyzing the predictive pattern of the performance‐weighted‐voting model, we found that in most cancer types, higher tumor mutational burden can improve overall accuracy.ConclusionThis study has important clinical significance for identifying the origin of cancer, especially for those where the primary cannot be determined. In addition, our model presents a good strategy for using ensemble systems for cancer type classification.
Das metabolische Syndrom und Schwangerschaft
Authors: Mayer-Pickel Karoline 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDas metabolische Syndrom in der Schwangerschaft ist mit zum Teil schwerwiegenden Komplikationen, u. a. Präeklampsie, assoziiert. Für ein verbessertes maternales und neonatales Outcome empfehlen sich daher eine „Lifestyle-Modifikation“ spätestens ab Kinderwunsch, eine ausgewogene fett- und kohlenhydratarme Ernährung sowie ausreichend Bewegung während der Schwangerschaft. Bei Frauen mit einer bariatrischen Operation in der Anamnese wird neben einer präkonzeptionellen Beratung über die Risiken eine Vorstellung im 1. Trimenon mit Bestimmung des Eisen- und Vitaminstatus empfohlen. Zusätzlich sollte bei diesen Patientinnen ein Blutzuckertagesprofil zwischen der 24. und der 28. Schwangerschaftswoche durchgeführt werden. Aufgrund seines breiten Wirkungsfelds ist der Einsatz von Metformin bei Frauen mit metabolischem Syndrom anzudenken. Die Entbindung sollte in einer Geburtsklinik mit Neonatologie erfolgen, zusätzlich sollte der Geburtstermin nicht überschritten werden. Für ein verbessertes maternales und fetales/neonatales Outcome ist die Durchführung eines Ersttrimesterscreenings für Präeklampsie empfehlenswert sowie im Laufe der Schwangerschaft regelmäßige Screeninguntersuchungen auf Präeklampsie (Biometrie, Doppler der Aa. uterinae, Bestimmung der „sFlt-1/PlGF ratio“ ab der 20. SSW).
I-Corps@NCATS trains clinical and translational science teams to accelerate translation of research innovations into practice
Authors: Nearing Kathryn , Rainwater Julie , Neves Stacey , Bhatti Pamela , Conway Bruce , Hafer Nathaniel , Harter Kevin , Kenyon Nicholas , McManus Margaret M. , McNeal Demetria M. , Morrato Elaine H. , Rajguru Suhrud M. , Wasko Molly 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
A key barrier to translation of biomedical research discoveries is a lack of understanding among scientists regarding the complexity and process of implementation. To address this challenge, the National Science Foundation’s Innovation Corps™ (I-Corps™) program trains researchers in entrepreneurship. We report results from the implementation of an I-Corps™ training program aimed at biomedical scientists from institutions funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).

Methods:
National/regional instructors delivered 5-week I-Corps@NCATS short courses to 62 teams (150 individuals) across six institutions. Content included customer discovery, value proposition, and validating needs. Teams interviewed real-life customers and presented the value of innovations for specific end-users weekly, culminating in a “Finale” featuring their refined business thesis and business model canvas. Methodology was developed to evaluate the newly adapted program. National mixed-methods evaluation assessed program implementation, reach, effectiveness using observations of training delivery and surveys at Finale (n = 55 teams), and 3–12 months post-training (n = 34 teams).

Results:
Innovations related to medical devices (33%), drugs/biologics (20%), software applications (16%), and diagnostics (8%). An average of 24 interviews was conducted. Teams reported increased readiness for commercialization over time (83%, 9 months; 14%, 3 months). Thirty-nine percent met with institutional technology transfer to pursue licensing/patents and 24% pursued venture capital/investor funding following the short courses.

Conclusions:
I-Corps@NCATS training provided the NCATS teams a rigorous and repeatable process to aid development of a business model based on customer needs. Outcomes of this pilot program support the expansion of I-Corps™ training to biomedical scientists for accelerating research translation.
A perspective on high photon flux nonclassical light and applications in nonlinear optics
Authors: Lamprou Th. , Liontos I. , Papadakis N. C. , Tzallas P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNonclassical light sources have a vital role in quantum optics as they offer a unique resource for studies in quantum technology. However, their applicability is restricted by their low intensity, while the development of new schemes producing intense nonclassical light is a challenging task. In this perspective article, we discuss potential schemes that could be used towards the development of high photon flux nonclassical light sources and their future prospects in nonlinear optics.
Intrinsic motivation and knowledge sharing in the mood–creativity relationship
Authors: Tang Chaoying , Lu Xiaoyang , Naumann Stefanie E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough studies have identified a link between employee intrinsic motivation (IM) and creativity and between positive mood and creativity, some of this study has been equivocal and little research has included these variables in an integrative model. Drawing from several theories of IM, we address this gap by proposing that IM is a critical intervening mechanism in the relationship between positive mood and creativity, and team knowledge sharing affects the power of this mechanism. Research on field data from 120 R&D team members in 30 teams found that team-level knowledge sharing moderated the relationship between employees' positive mood and IM, and IM mediated the relationship between employees' positive mood and their creativity. Implications of our findings are discussed.
A new dissorophoid temnospondyl from the Allegheny Group (late Carboniferous) of Five Points, Mahoning County, Ohio (USA)
Authors: Schoch Rainer R. , Henrici Amy C. , Hook Robert W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA small temnospondyl skull from the upper Carboniferous Allegheny Group of Five Points, Ohio, is referred to a new dissorophoid,Palodromeus bairdin. gen n. sp. The complete skull with mandibles is preserved in counterparts. It is characterized by, (1) elongated slit-like choana; (2) postfrontal, postorbital, and supratemporal bearing a distinct ridge; and (3) reduced parietal only two-thirds the length of the frontal. Phylogenetic analysis confirms a dichotomy between amphibamiforms and olsoniforms and placesPalodromeus bairdin. gen. n. sp. at the base of the olsoniforms, revealing an early stage in the evolution of that clade.UUID:http://zoobank.org/3871e443-7888-4439-a7c1-9463bc4d87ab
The relationship between the grazing efficiency and the production, morphology and nutritional traits of perennial ryegrass varieties
Authors: Tubritt T. , Delaby L. , Gilliland T. J. , O'Donovan M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRuminant grazing systems aim to optimize the proportion of grazed forage within the diet and perennial ryegrass grazing efficiency influences both the quantity and quality of herbage utilized. The objective of this study was to examine morphological and chemical plant characteristics and test for any associations with grazing efficiency. The leading perennial ryegrass varieties from the 2016 Irish Recommended List were established in a plot study and rotationally grazed by dairy cows over 3 years. Pre-grazing plant characteristics were measured and related to grazing efficiency, as measured by ‘residual grazed height’. Data were analysed using the PROC MIXED procedure to test for trait differences between varieties, and their corresponding ploidy and heading categorizations. Traits displaying significant variety variability were then tested for their correlation to grazing efficiency using the PROC GLM procedure. Tetraploid varieties exhibited superior grazing efficiency over diploids, due to their superior performance in traits correlated with grazing efficiency. Increasing organic matter digestibility and leaf proportion and decreasing neutral detergent fibre and stem height within the sward were found to increase grazing efficiency. The observed link between these plant traits and grazing efficiency indicates a possibility that they could be used to develop proxy measures to aid breeders to select for, and evaluators to measure, varietal grazing efficiency without involving animal assessments. It was concluded that this would make it logistically practical to assess large numbers of varieties in small plot trials to both breed and evaluate perennial ryegrass varieties for superior grazing efficiency.
Grandmaternal investment and early childhood injury: the role of X-chromosomal relatedness
Authors: Tanskanen Antti O. , Danielsbacka Mirkka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEvolutionary theory posits that grandmothers can increase their inclusive fitness by investing time and resources in their grandchildren. According on the X-linked grandmother hypothesis, the asymmetric inheritance of X-chromosomes should be responsible for the biased effect of the investment by maternal and paternal grandmothers towards granddaughters and grandsons. The British Millennium Cohort Study (n=4445 children) was used to investigate the association between grandmaternal childcare and children’s injuries between the ages of 9 months and 3 years. Support was found for the X-linked grandmother hypothesis predicting that the investment of paternal grandmothers benefits more granddaughters than grandsons, the investment of paternal grandmothers benefits granddaughters more than the investment of maternal grandmothers, and the investment of maternal grandmothers is similarly associated with the injuries of granddaughters and grandsons. However, no support was found for the prediction that maternal grandmothers benefit more grandsons than paternal grandmothers. Thus, some, although not univocal, evidence for the prediction that X-chromosomal relatedness shapes the grandmaternal effect on child outcomes was found.