bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of pesticide concentrations observed in community water systems to predictions from U.S. regulatory aquatic exposure models
Authors: Padilla Lauren E. , Peranginangin Natalia , Dunne Jonnie B. , Winchell Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Variable Volume Water Model (VVWM), the receiving water body model for the USEPA regulatory assessment of aquatic pesticide exposures, is composed of a set of static and quasistatic receiving water body conceptual models, but research comparing performance of these models to observations is limited. The water body models included are the constant volume (CVol), constant volume with overflow (CVO), and varying volume with overflow (VVO) models. This work quantified the performance of these three VVWM conceptual models compared with atrazine observations in 50 community water systems (CWSs), and the effect of alternative conceptual models on estimated environmental concentrations of pesticides in regulatory screening assessments. The 50 selected CWSs most relevant to the static and quasistatic VVWM concepts were small in size, with estimated time to peak flow of <1.5 d for consistency with the daily runoff assumption in USEPA landscape Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM). The CVO and VVO conceptual models resulted in similar distributions of bias across CWSs with the median result being close to no bias, but the CVol model resulted in overestimation in the majority of CWSs with median model bias near three times the observed values. At present, the CVol conceptual model parameterized with conservative input assumptions has been the regulatory standard invoked in VVWM, yet our results showed that a more physically correct conceptual model (CVO or VVO) could be invoked in regulatory exposure modeling for ecological risk assessment, reducing structural model bias while still allowing users to introduce conservative model inputs for screening purposes.
Eosinophil and mast cell Siglecs: From biology to drug target
Authors: O’Sullivan Jeremy A , Chang Alan T , Youngblood Bradford A , Bochner Bruce S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mast cells and eosinophils are innate immune cells involved in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Siglecs are a family of cell surface receptors that share sialic acid binding activity. Over the past 20 years, our knowledge of the expression and function of Siglecs on cells of the immune system and others has greatly expanded, as has our understanding of their signaling, ligands, and possible roles in disease pathophysiology. Because of this, Siglecs have garnered interest as potential drug targets using strategies ranging from biologics to ligand-directed nanoparticles. This mini-review will highlight the state of our knowledge regarding human eosinophil and mast cell Siglecs, their biology, what they recognize, tools developed for in vitro and preclinical experimentation, and the status of ongoing efforts to develop drugs that engage eosinophil and mast cell Siglecs for potential therapeutic benefit.
Intensive organic vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated management
Authors: Zhao Yi , Wu Shuxia , Bol Roland , Bughio Mansoor Ahmed , Wu Wenliang , Hu Yecui , Meng Fanqiao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntensive vegetable production in greenhouses has rapidly expanded in China since the 1990s and increased to 1.3 million ha of farmland by 2016, which is the highest in the world. We conducted an 11‐year greenhouse vegetable production experiment from 2002 to 2013 to observe soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics under three management systems,i.e., conventional (CON), integrated (ING), and intensive organic (ORG) farming. Soil samples (0–20 and 20–40 cm depth) were collected in 2002 and 2013 and separated into four particle‐size fractions,i.e., coarse sand (> 250 µm), fine sand (250–53 µm), silt (53–2 µm), and clay (< 2 µm). The SOC contents and δ13C values of the whole soil and the four particle‐size fractions were analyzed. After 11 years of vegetable farming, ORG and ING significantly increased SOC stocks (0–20 cm) by 4008 ± 36.6 and 2880 ± 365 kg C ha−1y−1, respectively, 8.1‐ and 5.8‐times that of CON (494 ± 42.6 kg C ha−1y−1). The SOC stock increase in ORG at 20–40 cm depth was 245 ± 66.4 kg C ha−1y−1, significantly higher than in ING (66 ± 13.4 kg C ha−1y−1) and CON (109 ± 44.8 kg C ha−1y−1). Analyses of13C revealed a significant increase in newly produced SOC in both soil layers in ORG. However, the carbon conversion efficiency (CE: increased organic carbon in soil divided by organic carbon input) was lower in ORG (14.4%–21.7%) than in ING (18.2%–27.4%). Among the four particle‐sizes in the 0–20 cm layer, the silt fraction exhibited the largest proportion of increase in SOC content (57.8% and 55.4% of the SOC increase in ORG and ING, respectively). A similar trend was detected in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Over all, intensive organic (ORG) vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated (ING) management.
Research on the effect of contrast enhancement and illumination condition on 3D visual fatigue
Authors: Li Kena , Liu Yue , Wang Yongtian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract3D visual comfort can be influenced by such common factors as binocular parallax, 3D image contrast, viewing distance, and illumination condition. This paper investigates the effect of contrast enhancement and illumination condition on 3D visual fatigue by performing a visual fatigue measurement experiment, of which subjects need to watch 3D images under two illumination conditions and finish a comfort judgment task. The proportion of discomfort images, the subjective evaluation of visual fatigue under 100 lux and 500 lux illumination conditions, the effect of image contrast enhancement on 3D visual fatigue, and the relationship between visual fatigue and proportion of discomfort images were analyzed, respectively. The experimental results showed that both the contrast enhanced by Laplacian algorithm and low illumination condition have positive influence on 3D visual perception of eyes; the 3D visual fatigue of contrast enhanced by Laplacian algorithm under low illumination condition was less than other situations in the experiment. Moreover, it was examined that the proportion of discomfort images can be potential prediction indicator of the 3D visual fatigue.
Storm‐induced turbulence alters shelf sea vertical fluxes
Authors: Schultze Larissa K. P. , Merckelbach Lucas M. , Carpenter Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStorms are infrequent, intense, physical forcing events that represent a potentially significant driver of ocean ecosystems. The objective of this study was to assess changes in water column structure and turbulent fluxes caused by storms using an autonomous underwater glider, as well as the chlorophyll a (Chl a) response to the altered physical environment. The glider was able to measure throughout the complete life cycle of Storm Bertha as it passed over the North Sea in August 2014, from its arrival to dissipation. Storm Bertha triggered rapid mixing of the thermocline through shear instability, increasing vertical fluxes by nearly an order of magnitude, and promoting increases in surface layer Chl a. The results demonstrate that storms represent a significant fraction of seasonal vertical turbulent fluxes, with potentially important consequences for biological production in shelf seas.
Prognostic Factors in Pediatric Early Liver Retransplantation
Authors: Cañon Reyes Isabel , Halac Esteban , Aredes Diego , Lauferman Leandro , Cervio Guillermo , Dip Marcelo , Minetto Julia , Reijenstein Hayellen , Meza Veronica , Gole Maria , Jacobo Dillon Agustina , Imventarza Oscar 
Published: January 2020

The most common indications for early liver retransplantation (eRe‐LT) are vascular complications and primary nonfunction (PNF). These patients are usually in a critical clinical condition that can affect their chances of survival. In fact, the survival of these patients is usually lower compared with the patients undergoing a first transplant. To the best of our knowledge, no specific series of pediatric patients undergoing eRe‐LT has been published to date. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report the results of eRe‐LT and to analyze factors potentially related to success or failure. Our work is of a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent eRe‐LT at the Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina, between May 1995 and December 2018 (n = 60). Re‐LT was considered early when performed ≤30 days after the previous LT. A total of 40 (66.7%) patients were enrolled due to vascular causes and 20 (33.3%) were enrolled because of PNF. Of all the relisted patients, 36 underwent eRe‐LT, 14 died on the waiting list, and 10 recovered without eRe‐LT. A total of 23 (63.9%) patients died after eRe‐LT, most of them due to infection‐related complications. Survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 42.4% and 33.9%, respectively. On univariate logistic regression analysis, Pediatric End‐Stage Liver Disease (PELD)/Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores, transplant era, and advanced life support at eRe‐LT were found to be related to 60‐day mortality. However, on multivariate analysis, era (odds ratio [OR], 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19‐72.35; P = 0.033) and PELD/MELD scores (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1‐1.14; P = 0.036) were significantly associated with 60‐day patient mortality. This study found that the level of acuity before retransplant, measured by the requirement of advanced life support and the PELD/MELD score at eRe‐LT, was significantly associated with the chances of post–eRe‐LT patient survival.
Rapid high resolution melting assay to differentiate Streptococcus suis serotypes 2, 1/2, 1, and 14
Authors: Scherrer Simone , Rademacher Fenja , Spoerry Serrano Nathalie , Schrenzel Jacques , Gottschalk Marcelo , Stephan Roger , Landolt Patricia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis rapid high resolution melting (HRM) assay allows distinguishing between Streptococcus suis serotype pairs 2 and 1/2 as well as 1 and 14, respectively, based on a single‐nucleotide polymorphism within capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene cluster K. This assay is easy to implement and identifies potential zoonotic serotypes.
Effects of Short‐Peptide‐Based Enteral Nutrition on the Intestinal Microcirculation and Mucosal Barrier in Mice with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yu Wen‐Qiao , Wei Tao , Zhang Cheng , Wen Liang , Chen Qi , Chen Wei , Qiu Jun‐Yu , Zhang Yun , Liang Ting‐Bo 
Published: January 2020

ScopeShort‐peptide‐based enteral nutrition (SPEN) is absorbed more efficiently in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). More importantly, SPEN decreases SAP‐induced enterogenous infection risk. This study aims to investigate whether SPEN alleviates intestinal bacterial translocation in mice with SAP, and the underlying mechanisms.Methods and resultsThe SAP model is established after pre‐treatment with SPEN or intact‐protein‐based enteral nutrition. Although there is no improvement in pancreas injury, as evaluated through Hematoxylin‐Eosin staining or serum amylase, SPEN obviously attenuates intestinal bacterial translocation after SAP. To unveil the mechanisms, it is found that the intestinal mechanical barrier destroyed by SAP is significantly relieved by SPEN, which presents with recovered ZO‐1 expression, mucus layer, and goblet cell function. Additionally, SPEN alleviates local CCR6/CCL20 induced CD11c+ dendritic cell infiltration, systemic immunosuppression, and inhibits the secretion of luminal secretory immunoglobulin A. Possibly responsible for SAP‐induced mucosal dysfunctions, destroyed intestinal mucosal microcirculation and local hypoxia are largely improved in SAP+SPEN group.ConclusionSPEN can improve downregulated intestinal mucosal microcirculation secondary to SAP, which may be responsible for mucosal inflammation relief, maintenance of the mechanical barrier and mucosal immunity, the correction of systemic immunosuppression, and play a protective role in defending commensal bacterial translocation after SAP.
RF modeling and parameter extraction for GaAs‐based on‐chip inductors
Authors: Gao Hanqi , Zhang Ao , Jin Jing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRF modeling and equivalent circuit model parameter extraction for GaAs‐based on‐chip inductors are presented in this article. An improved model that takes into account of the substrate loss effects based on the S parameters on wafer measurement is proposed. The parameter extraction method combines the analytical expressions and the empirical optimization procedure, which does not require any additional test structures. The intrinsic elements determined by utilizing the analytical method are described as functions of the parasitic elements. After that, an advanced design system is used to optimize the parasitic parameters with very small dispersion of initial values. Good agreement is obtained between the simulated and measured data up to 50 GHz.
Newly graduated registered nurses' self‐assessed clinical competence and their need for further training
Authors: Willman Anna , Bjuresäter Kaisa , Nilsson Jan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo explore and describe changes in self‐assessed clinical competence and the need for further training among newly graduated Registered Nurses during their first 15 months of professional work in acute care hospital settings.DesignQuantitative longitudinal design.MethodsThe 50‐item Professional Nurse Self‐Assessment Scale of clinical core competencies II was used. A total of 45 newly graduated Registered Nurses answered the questionnaire at four different occasions. Data were collected after 2, 5, 9 and 15 months of working experience.ResultThe components “ethical decision‐making,” “cooperation and consultation” and “clinical leadership” were rated highest in clinical competence and lowest in need for further training. The components “professional development” and “critical thinking” were rated lowest in clinical competence and “direct clinical practice” rated highest in need for further training. The clinical competence increased significant between 9–15 months, with the exception of “critical thinking” and need for further training decreased significantly between 9–15 months, with the exception of “critical thinking.”
Patient experiences with peripherally inserted venous catheters— A cross‐sectional, multicentre study in Norway
Authors: Leonardsen Ann‐Chatrin Linqvist , Lunde Ellen Marie , Smith Stine Thorvaldsen , Olsen Gitte Lise 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate patient experiences with peripherally inserted venous catheters, namely PICC lines and Midlines, as well as the influence of socio‐demographic variables, length of stay, comorbidity and complications on these experiences.DesignThe study had a descriptive, multicentre, cross‐sectional design.MethodsWe used a questionnaire to investigate patient experiences (N = 359).ResultsPatients experiences were not optimal on each of the items in the questionnaire. Nevertheless, few respondents would have preferred a traditional peripheral venous catheter instead. Moreover, free‐text answers indicated that patients were very satisfied with their catheter. Results also indicate that the hospitals have different approach when selecting a PICC line or a Midline as route of choice. The only factor associated with patient experiences was “complications.”ConclusionEven though patients reported of several disadvantages with the PICC line/Midline, findings indicate that they would have chosen this again. PICC lines and Midlines are beneficial from the patients' perspective, even though they have disadvantages.
Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of polylactide/polyethylene glycol/graphene oxide nanosheets composite films
Authors: Ahmed Jasim , Luciano Giorgio , Maggiore Sofia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe nonisothermal crystallization (NIC) behavior of solution‐cast polylactide (PLA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets composite (PLA/PEG/GO) films was examined at the selected cooling rate. The crystallization temperature (Tc) of the PLA/PEG matrix improved with increasing the reinforcement of GO (0.5%‐2% w/w) at a constant cooling rate. Various conventional crystallization models, namely, Jeziorny, Ozawa, and Mo were employed to elucidate the NIC kinetics of the PLA/PEG/GO composite films. Results showed that the Mo equation was the best model to describe the NIC of the nanocomposite films. The activation energy (E) of crystallization was estimated by Friedman's method, and the values varied from 18 to 186 kJ·mol−1, however, the values were not systematic with the loading concentration of GO.
Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Warfarin in Obese Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Coons James C. , Albert Lauren , Bejjani Andrea , Iasella Carlo J. 
Published: January 2020

Study ObjectiveStudies on the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in obese patients are limited. Current guidelines advise against DOAC use in patients with a body weight more than 120 kg or body mass index higher than 40 kg/m2. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of DOACs versus warfarin for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in obese patients.DesignRetrospective matched cohort study.SettingIntegrated delivery system of 40 academic, community, and specialty hospitals.PatientsA total of 1840 adults with a primary admission diagnosis of acute VTE who received a DOAC (apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban [632 patients] or warfarin [1208 patients]) while hospitalized between January 1, 2011, and October 1, 2015, and who had a body weight more than 100 kg and less than 300 kg, were included. Patients in the warfarin group were matched in a 2:1 ratio to patients who received a DOAC based on history of VTE, chronic kidney disease, race, and age.Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary outcome was recurrence of VTE within 12 months of the index admission date. Secondary outcomes included occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) events separately within the study time frame, as well as bleeding within 12 months of the index admission date. No significant difference in the recurrence of VTE was observed between patients who received a DOAC compared with those who received warfarin (6.5% vs 6.4%, p=0.93). Likewise, no significant differences in the occurrence of PE and DVT were seen between the DOAC‐ and warfarin‐treated patients (3.7% vs 3.8%, p=0.94, and 3% vs 3.5%, p=0.56, respectively). Bleeding occurred in 1.7% and 1.2% of patients in the DOAC and warfarin groups, respectively (p=0.31).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the largest clinical study to date showing that patients with obesity can be treated effectively and safely with a DOAC compared with warfarin for acute VTE. Thus DOACs should be considered a reasonable alternative to warfarin for treatment of acute VTE in obese patients.
Synthesis and characterization of 24‐membered cyclobis(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate)
Authors: Xie Donghang , Slebodnick Carla , Gibson Harry W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe pure 24‐membered cyclic dimer (2) of ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate was isolated in 9% yield by reaction of bis(2′‐hydroxyethyl) 2,6‐naphthalate (5) with 2,6‐naphthalenedicarbonyl chloride (4) in THF with pyridine as catalyst under high dilution conditions. The macrocycle was characterized by NMR, MS, elemental analysis, and X‐ray crystallography. The crystal structure reveals a significant distortion of the naphthalene rings, forming an ellipsoidal cavity as a result of the ring strain, suggesting facile ring‐opening polymerization.
Drug metabolite identification using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet spectroscopy and parallelized scans on a tribrid Orbitrap mass spectrometer
Authors: Wilkinson Stephen D. , Martin Scott , Orton Alexandra L. , Markandu Roshini , Jones Barry C. 
Published: January 2020

RationaleTo capture all metabolites in metabolite identification studies, MS/MS information is required in both positive and negative ionization mode, usually involving several sample injections to gain all information about samples. A high‐resolution and high mass accuracy quadrupole/linear trap/Orbitrap tribrid instrument was used to gain this information in a novel single injection ‘capture‐all’ approach to metabolite identification.MethodsDiclofenac, a model compound, was incubated in human and rat hepatocytes. These incubated samples were run using an ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet (UHPLC–UV) system coupled to a Thermo Fusion tribrid mass spectrometer. Five parallel scans were used: positive and negative ion full scan, data‐dependent MS/MS, both high energy dissociation and collision‐induced dissociation, and data‐independent all ion fragmentation (AIF) spectra were collected in positive and negative ion mode.ResultsNine metabolites were identified; a metabolite observed in the UV trace, but not positive ion full scan MS, was detected in the same sample injection by negative ion full scan MS. This was identified as a sulphate metabolite, and the corresponding negative ion AIF allowed for some structural elucidation. The use of a photo‐diode array (PDA) detector allowed for spectral assessment in case of changes in absorbance spectra, and the subsequent semi‐quantification of metabolites.ConclusionsThis method provided good‐quality MS/MS data across the m/z range in both positive and negative ion mode. The addition of both negative ion full scan MS and negative ion MS/MS allowed for the detection and structural elucidation of metabolites not observed in positive ion mode. The use of the PDA detector allowed for the semi‐quantification of metabolites.
Autonomous collision detection and avoidance for ARAGON USV: Development and field tests
Authors: Han Jungwook , Cho Yonghoon , Kim Jonghwi , Kim Jinwhan , Son Nam‐sun , Kim Sun Young 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study addresses the development of algorithms for multiple target detection and tracking in the framework of sensor fusion and its application to autonomous navigation and collision avoidance systems for the unmanned surface vehicle (USV) Aragon. To provide autonomous navigation capabilities, various perception sensors such as radar, lidar, and cameras have been mounted on the USV platform and automatic ship detection algorithms are applied to the sensor measurements. The relative position information between the USV and nearby objects is obtained to estimate the motion of the target objects in a sensor‐level tracking filter. The estimated motion information from the individual tracking filters is then combined in a central‐level fusion tracker to achieve persistent and reliable target tracking performance. For automatic ship collision avoidance, the combined track data are used as obstacle information, and appropriate collision avoidance maneuvers are designed and executed in accordance with the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea (COLREGs). In this paper, the development processes of the vehicle platform and the autonomous navigation algorithms are described, and the results of field experiments are presented and discussed.