bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A look to the future in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Are glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogues or sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors the answer?
Authors: Vincent Rebecca K. , Williams David M. , Evans Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of diabetes and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health concern associated with significant morbidity, mortality and economic cost, particularly in those who progress to cirrhosis. Medical treatment is frequently limited, with no specific licensed treatments currently available for people with NAFLD. Its association with diabetes raises the possibility of shared mechanisms of disease progression and treatment. With the ever‐growing interest in the non‐glycaemic effects of diabetes medications, studies and clinical trials have investigated hepatic outcomes associated with the use of drug classes used for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogues or sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Studies exploring the use of GLP‐1 analogues or SGLT2 inhibitors in people with NAFLD have observed improved measures of hepatic inflammation, liver enzymes and radiological features over short periods. However, these studies tend to have variable study populations and inconsistent reported outcomes, limiting comparison between drugs and drug classes. As these drugs appear to improve biomarkers of NAFLD, clinicians should consider their use in patients with NAFLD and T2D. However, further evidence with greater participant numbers and longer trial durations is required to support specific licensing for people with NAFLD. Larger trials would allow reporting of major adverse hepatic events, akin to cardiovascular and renal outcome trials, to be determined. This would provide a more meaningful evaluation of the impact of these drugs in NAFLD. Nevertheless, these drugs represent a future potential therapeutic avenue in this difficult‐to‐treat population and may beget significant health and economic impacts.
Impact of mandibular third molars on angle fractures: A retrospective study
Authors: Kandel Laxmi , Mishra Ravish , Yadav Deepak , Tripathi Shashank , Shubham Snigdha , Chhetri Pradip 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that the position and presence of mandibular third molars is associated with a high risk of mandibular angle fractures. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the position and presence of mandibular third molars and mandibular angle fractures.Material and MethodsA retrospective study consisting of 256 patients who were admitted for treatment of mandibular fractures between January 2016 and January 2018 was undertaken. Patients' data and orthopantomogram radiographs were obtained from their medical record. The predictor variable was the presence and position of mandibular third molars. The position of the third molars was grouped based on the Pell and Gregory classification. The outcome variable was the presence of an angle fracture. Other study variables included age, gender, mechanism of injury, and fracture location.ResultsPatients with mandibular third molars had a 2.7 times greater chance of an angle fracture than patients without third molars. Patients with their third molars present at occlusal position C and ramus position level 3 had a higher risk of angle fracture in comparison with other groups. There was a statistically significant variation in the risk of an angle fracture, depending on mandibular third molar position (P < .001).ConclusionPatients with mandibular third molars have an increased risk of angle fractures. The risk for an angle fracture varied depending on the third molar position.
Shifting limitation of primary production: experimental support for a new model in lake ecosystems
Authors: Olson Carly R. , Solomon Christopher T. , Jones Stuart E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe limits on primary production vary in complex ways across space and time. Strong tests of clear conceptual models have been instrumental in understanding these patterns in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here we present the first experimental test of a new model describing how shifts from nutrient to light limitation control primary productivity in lake ecosystems as hydrological inputs of nutrients and organic matter vary. We found support for two key predictions of the model: that gross primary production (GPP) follows a hump‐shaped relationship with increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations; and that the maximum GPP, and the critical DOC concentration at which the hump occurs, are determined by the stoichiometry and chromophoricity of the hydrological inputs. Our results advance fundamental understanding of the limits on aquatic primary production, and have important applications given ongoing anthropogenic alterations of the nutrient and organic matter inputs to surface waters.
Changes in caregiver depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with family relationships in families of children who did and did not undergo resective epilepsy surgery
Authors: Phillips Natalie L. , Widjaja Elysa , Smith Mary Lou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate longitudinal changes in caregiver depression, anxiety, and family relationships following resective surgery for pediatric drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE).MethodsThis multicenter cohort study involved 177 caregivers of children with DRE aged 4‐18 years (63 surgical and 114 nonsurgical). Caregivers completed measures of depression (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐item scale), and satisfaction with family relationships (Family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affective, and Resolve scale) at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Additional data collected at baseline included child, caregiver, and family sociodemographic and clinical factors as well as family environment (demands and resources).ResultsAt 1 year, 64% and 27% of surgical and nonsurgical patients were seizure‐free, respectively. Linear mixed‐effects models found a reduction in caregiver depression (b = −0.85, P = .004) and anxiety (b = −1.09, P = .003), but not family satisfaction (b = 0.18, P = .31) over time. There was no effect of treatment. When seizure outcome was added to the model, seizure freedom was associated with fewer depressive symptoms (b = −1.15, P = .005) and greater family satisfaction (b = 0.65, P = .006), but not anxiety (b = −0.41, P = .42). A greater proportion of caregivers of patients who achieved seizure freedom (32%) versus continued seizures (18%) reported clinically meaningful improvement in depression at 1 year (P = .03). Lower baseline depression (β = 0.42, P < .001), greater family resources (β = −0.18, P = .04), and male caregiver (β = 0.15, P = .02) predicted lower caregiver depression, and lower baseline anxiety (β = 0.47, P < .001), greater family resources (β = −0.24, P = .01), and higher education (β = −0.13, P = .04) predicted lower caregiver anxiety at 1 year. Baseline functioning was the only predictor of family relationships at 1 year (β = 0.49, P < .001).SignificanceCaregivers of children who achieved seizure freedom, irrespective of surgical treatment, report fewer depressive symptoms and greater satisfaction with family relationships. Baseline functioning is the strongest predictor of outcome; however, caregivers of families with fewer resources and supports are also at risk of poor psychosocial outcomes.
Preictal variability of high‐frequency oscillation rates in refractory epilepsy
Authors: Scott Jared M. , Ren Sijin , Gliske Stephen V. , Stacey William C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) have shown promising utility in the spatial localization of the seizure onset zone for patients with focal refractory epilepsy. Comparatively few studies have addressed potential temporal variations in HFOs, or their role in the preictal period. Here, we introduce a novel evaluation of the instantaneous HFO rate through interictal and peri‐ictal epochs to assess their usefulness in identifying imminent seizure onset.MethodsUtilizing an automated HFO detector, we analyzed intracranial electroencephalographic data from 30 patients with refractory epilepsy undergoing long‐term presurgical evaluation. We evaluated HFO rates both as a 30‐minute average and as a continuous function of time and used nonparametric statistical methods to compare individual and population‐level differences in rate during peri‐ictal and interictal periods.ResultsMean HFO rate was significantly higher for all epochs in seizure onset zone channels versus other channels. Across the 30 patients of our cohort, we found no statistically significant differences in mean HFO rate during preictal and interictal epochs. For continuous HFO rates in seizure onset zone channels, however, we found significant population‐wide increases in preictal trends relative to interictal periods. Using a data‐driven analysis, we identified a subset of 11 patients in whom either preictal HFO rates or their continuous trends were significantly increased relative to those of interictal baseline and the rest of the population.SignificanceThese results corroborate existing findings that HFO rates within epileptic tissue are higher during interictal periods. We show this finding is also present in preictal, ictal, and postictal data, and identify a novel biomarker of preictal state: an upward trend in HFO rate leading into seizures in some patients. Overall, our findings provide preliminary evidence that HFOs can function as a temporal biomarker of seizure onset.
Temperature does matter—an additional dimension in kinase inhibitor development
Authors: Strauch Miriam , Heyd Florian 
Published: September 2020

Kinase inhibitors are a major focus in drug development. Recent work shows that subtle temperature changes in the physiologically relevant temperature range can dramatically alter kinase activity and specificity. We argue that temperature is an essential factor that should be considered in inhibitor screening campaigns. In many cases, high‐throughput screening is performed at room temperature or 30 °C, which may lead to many false positives and false negatives when evaluating potential inhibitors in the physiological temperature range. As one example, we discuss a new antimalaria compound that inhibits the highly temperature‐sensitive kinase CLK3 (CDC2‐like kinase 3) from Plasmodium falciparum.
Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Mezmale Linda , Coelho Luiz Gonzaga , Bordin Dmitry , Leja Marcis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis review summarizes the recent knowledge on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori and the potential modes of transmission. In addition to English language publications, the authors have included original full‐text publications from Russia and Latin America published in the original languages. High H pylori prevalence has been reported in Russia, Jordan, Iran, China, and Latin American countries as well as in Arctic populations in Canada. Indigenous inhabitants in the Arctic were found to be infected substantially more frequently than non‐indigenous inhabitants. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, the ethnic minority groups were at a significantly higher risk of being H pylori seropositive compared to the Dutch population. For the first time, data on the prevalence from Armenia have been published indicating 41.5% H pylori prevalence. Convincing evidence on the decline of H pylori prevalence in Southeast Hungary and Taiwan was published. A study from Chile suggested high infection rates in newborns during the first month after birth. Two meta‐analyses covered the potential correlation between H pylori and periodontal diseases, therefore addressing the potential oro‐oral transmission rates. Periodontal disease was found to be more prevalent in H pylori‐infected subjects. Other studies addressed the potential role of drinking water and food products as well as socioeconomic factors in transmitting the infection. Several studies in Asia addressed annual reinfection rates of H pylori, ranging from 1.5% in China to 3.1% in Korea. Finally, a review was published on the current evidence and future perspective of analysing H pylori in ancient human remains by a metagenomic approach.
Progression to fibrosing diffuse alveolar damage in a series of 30 minimally invasive autopsies with COVID‐19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China
Authors: Li Yan , Wu Junhua , Wang Sihua , Li Xiang , Zhou Junjie , Huang Bo , Luo Danju , Cao Qin , Chen Yajun , Chen Shuo , Ma Lin , Peng Li , Pan Huaxiong , Travis William D. , Nie Xiu 
Published: September 2020

AimsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), infection has been deemed as a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation. While diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is recognised to be the primary manifestation of COVID‐19 pneumonia, there has been little emphasis on the progression to the fibrosing phase of DAD. This topic is of great interest, due to growing concerns regarding the potential long‐term complications in prolonged survivors.Methods and resultsHere we report a detailed histopathological study of 30 autopsy cases with COVID‐19 virus infection, based on minimally invasive autopsies performed between February and March, 2020. The mean age was 69 years, with 20 (67%) males and 10 (33%) females and frequent (70.0%) underlying comorbidities. The duration of illness ranged from 16 to 82 (median = 42) days. Histologically, the most common manifestation was diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in 28 (93.3%) cases which showed predominantly acute (32%), organising (25%) and/or fibrosing (43%) patterns. Patients with fibrosing DAD were one decade younger (P = 0.034) and they had a longer duration of illness (P = 0.033), hospitalisation (P = 0.037) and mechanical ventilation (P = 0.014) compared to those with acute DAD. Patients with organising DAD had a longer duration of illness (P = 0.032) and hospitalisation (P = 0.023) compared to those with acute DAD.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 pneumonia patients who develop DAD can progress to the fibrosing pattern. While we observed fibrosing DAD in fatal cases, whether or not surviving patients are at risk for developing pulmonary fibrosis and the frequency of this complication will require further clinical and radiological follow‐up studies.
Demonstrating the value of community pharmacists in New Zealand educating a targeted group of people to temporarily discontinue medicines when they are unwell to reduce the risk of acute kidney injury
Authors: Vicary Dianne , Hutchison Colin , Aspden Trudi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
Acute kidney injury (AKI) prevention strategies for community-acquired AKI associated with severe acute illness have received attention in recent years. The objective of this study was to evaluate a community pharmacist AKI education programme aimed at patient self-management during acute dehydrating illnesses.

Methods
This was a multimethod study. Potential participants were identified by community pharmacists when they presented a prescription containing a study medicine. The intervention consisted of completion of a short demographic questionnaire and a pharmacist providing verbal AKI information and advice on self-management during acute dehydrating illness, including medicine withholding. This information was supported with take-home information. Participants were telephoned between 4 and 11 months later and invited to participate in a structured telephone interview. Descriptive statistics were generated from questionnaire responses, and interview data were analysed using manifest content analysis.

Key findings
One hundred and thirteen adults were recruited and 93 (82%) interviewed. Fifty-four (58%) interviewees remembered the pharmacist’s education, and 51 (55%) had retained the information sheet. Fifty-eight (62%) would temporarily withhold medicines during acute dehydrating illnesses. Thirty-nine were comfortable they knew when to restart their medicines; 15 (38%) indicated this was once symptom-free for 48 h. Forty-six interviewees were comfortable about contacting their general practice; 16 (35%) would do this after 24 h of illness. Participants found the educational content and pharmacist approach acceptable.

Conclusion
A majority of participants accepted and remembered the information provided by their community pharmacist and felt comfortable to self-manage during acute dehydrating illness. A caveat is participant actions in practice may not be consistent with stated intentions.
Decreased long non‐coding RNA lincFOXF1 indicates poor progression and promotes cell migration and metastasis in osteosarcoma
Authors: Yang Shengquan , Chen Jian , Lv Bin , Zhang Jun , Li Deli , Huang Mengyuan , Yuan Li , Yin Guoyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs have been demonstrated to be important regulators of various cancers, though the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Although lincFOXF1 has been reported to act as a tumour suppressor, its function and underlying mechanisms in osteosarcoma have not yet been explored. We employed quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) to evaluate the expression of lincFOXF1 and GAPDH in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, and colony‐formation, CCK8, wound‐healing, and transwell assays were conducted to analyse the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity of osteosarcoma cells. Subcellular localization analysis by fractionation and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for lincFOXF1‐mediated phenotypes of osteosarcoma cells. The results revealed that lincFOXF1 expression is significantly decreased and strongly related to Enneking stage as well as metastasis in osteosarcoma patients. Further experiments showed that lincFOXF1 inhibits the migration, invasion and metastasis of cells in vitro and vivo. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that lincFOXF1 physically binds to EZH2, a polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) component, and a search for downstream targets suggested that G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase‐interacting protein 1 (GIT1) is involved in the lincFOXF1‐mediated repression of osteosarcoma cells migration and invasion. Moreover, GIT1 expression is inversely correlated with lincFOXF1 in osteosarcoma. The present findings indicate that lincFOXF1 is involved in the progression of osteosarcoma through binding with EZH2, further regulating GIT1 expression. Our results suggest that lincFOXF1 may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma patients.
Biological functions and clinical applications of exosomal long non‐coding RNAs in cancer
Authors: Wang Yali , Zhang Mengdi , Zhou Fangfang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by donor cells, and one of the important roles of exosomes is intercellular communication. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA. The components exert their functions by modulating the cellular processes of recipient cells. Exosomal long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important components and play multiple roles in tumorigenesis and tumour development. In this review, we summarize the biological functions and clinical applications of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance and angiogenesis in human cancers. Since exosomal lncRNAs are associated with clinicopathological characteristics of cancer, these might be potentially useful biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs participate in multiple processes of cancer progression, which makes them promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
Association of the nasolabial angle and lip length with the gingival and interdental smile line—A gender based evaluation
Authors: Kolte Abhay P. , Kolte Rajashri A. , Samarth Gopal K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveProportionate existence of the lip framework and gingival scaffold have a critical role in smile esthetics. So, the present study was conducted to assess and correlate the nasolabial angle (NLA) and lip length (LL) with gingival smile line (GSL) and interdental smile line (ISL).Materials and methodsOne hundred and twenty periodontally healthy patients with an age group 20 to 40 years were equally divided based on gender into two groups. The parameters of NLA, LL, GSL, ISL, amount of midfacial gingiva, and interdental papilla display were recorded in the maxillary anterior sextant.ResultsThe mean values of NLA and LL at rest and on smiling were found to be higher in males. Majority of study population exhibited Low GSL (LGSL) and High ISL (HISL). On correlation of LL with GSL, the difference in the mean values between males and females for LGSL were highly significant, for HGSL and Cupid's bow the values were significant. The mean values of midfacial gingiva and interdental papilla visible in females was greater than males.ConclusionThe NLA and LL influence the quantum of gingival exhibit in maxillary anterior teeth with a definitive sexual dimorphism and this can be considered a valuable reference point in smile designing procedures.Clinical significanceThe quantum of gingival exhibit on smiling is an important feature in periodontal, implant, restorative, and smile designing procedures in patients possessing HGSL and HISL category of GSL and ISL. It is indicated that the lip length is correlated with the amount of gingival tissue display both in midfacial as well as interdental region and which needs to be considered by the clinician.
Does Mealtime Communication Improve Happiness? Considering the Trait of Shyness1
Authors: Kimura Shunsuke , Yano Kosuke , Oishi Kazuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractShared mealtimes have been found to be important daily rituals with positive effects on behavior and mental health, such as increasing subjective well‐being. However, most previous studies have not considered possible barriers to these positive effects, specifically shyness. We investigated the relationships among shared mealtime quality, shyness, and subjective well‐being, and the moderating role of shyness in the relationship between the other two variables by surveying a sample of college students (n = 305). Correlational analyses revealed that shared mealtime quality was negatively associated with shyness and positively associated with subjective well‐being. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that shared mealtime quality was significantly associated with subjective well‐being, as was the interaction between the friend factor of shared mealtime quality and shyness. Therefore, shared mealtime quality might help improve happiness, but shyness should be considered a possible barrier to this beneficial effect when meals are shared with friends.