bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant-based production of highly potent anti-HIV antibodies with engineered posttranslational modifications
Authors: Singh Advaita Acarya , Pooe Ofentse , Kwezi Lusisizwe , Lotter-Stark Therese , Stoychev Stoyan H. , Alexandra Kabamba , Gerber Isak , Bhiman Jinal N. , Vorster Juan , Pauly Michael , Zeitlin Larry , Whaley Kevin , Mach Lukas , Steinkellner Herta , Morris Lynn , Tsekoa Tsepo Lebiletsa , Chikwamba Rachel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBroadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), such as CAP256-VRC26 are being developed for HIV prevention and treatment. These Abs carry a unique but crucial post-translational modification (PTM), namelyO-sulfated tyrosine in the heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR) H3 loop. Several studies have demonstrated that plants are suitable hosts for the generation of highly active anti-HIV-1 antibodies with the potential to engineer PTMs. Here we report the expression and characterisation of CAP256-VRC26 bNAbs with posttranslational modifications (PTM). Two variants, CAP256-VRC26 (08 and 09) were expressed in glycoengineeredNicotiana benthamianaplants. Byin plantaco-expression of tyrosyl protein sulfotransferase 1, we installedO-sulfated tyrosine in CDR H3 of both bNAbs. These exhibited similar structural folding to the mammalian cell produced bNAbs, but non-sulfated versions showed loss of neutralisation breadth and potency. In contrast, tyrosine sulfated versions displayed equivalent neutralising activity to mammalian produced antibodies retaining exceptional potency against some subtype C viruses. Together, the data demonstrate the enormous potential of plant-based systems for multiple posttranslational engineering and production of fully active bNAbs for application in passive immunisation or as an alternative for current HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy regimens.
Alpha-tocopherol exerts protective function against the mucotoxicity of particulate matter in amphibian and human goblet cells
Authors: Yang Hee-Sun , Sim Hyo Jung , Cho Hanna , Bang Woo Young , Kim Ha Eun , Kwon Taeg Kyu , Kwon Taejoon , Park Tae Joo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disorders and mortality. The cytotoxicity of PM is mainly due to the abnormal increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cellular components such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. The correlation between PM exposure and human disorders, including mortality, is based on long-term exposure. In this study we have investigated acute responses of mucus-secreting goblet cells upon exposure to PM derived from a heavy diesel engine. To this end, we employed the mucociliary epithelium of amphibian embryos and human Calu-3 cells to examine PM mucotoxicity. Our data suggest that acute exposure to PM significantly impairs mucus secretion and results in the accumulation of mucus vesicles in the cytoplasm of goblet cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed that acute responses to PM exposure significantly altered gene expression patterns; however, known regulators of mucus production and the secretory pathway were not significantly altered. Interestingly, pretreatment with α-tocopherol nearly recovered the hyposecretion of mucus from both amphibian and human goblet cells. We believe this study demonstrates the mucotoxicity of PM and the protective function of α-tocopherol on mucotoxicity caused by acute PM exposure from heavy diesel engines.
The impact of ABCB1 gene polymorphism and its expression on non-small-cell lung cancer development, progression and therapy – preliminary report
Authors: Zawadzka Izabela , Jeleń Agnieszka , Pietrzak Jacek , Żebrowska-Nawrocka Marta , Michalska Katarzyna , Szmajda-Krygier Dagmara , Mirowski Marek , Łochowski Mariusz , Kozak Józef , Balcerczak Ewa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ABCB1 gene belongs to ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes that has been previously implicated in cancer progression and drug response. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the SNP 3435 and the expression of the ABCB1 gene in lung cancer patients in the Polish population in comparison to clinicopathological parameters and treatment. 150 RNA and 47 DNA samples were isolated from 49 lung cancer cases including both tissue samples and blood taken from the same patients at three time points: diagnosis, 100 days and one year after the surgical intervention. Qualitative and real-time PCR analysis of expression were done, also genotyping by PCR-RFLP. Mutant homozygous TT and allele T are present statistically significantly more frequently in the group of patients with lung cancer. There is no difference with expression level in lung cancer tissue and blood sample taken from the same patients before surgical treatment. On the basis of blood samples analysis it was observed that the expression level of ABCB1 mRNA was growing in time. Higher levels were marked after 100 days and one year after the surgical intervention. The complementary pharmacological treatment induced higher expression levels of ABCB1. The presented data suggest an important role of ABCB1 in lung cancer, the increasing level of ABCB1 mRNA which can be connected with induction of multidrug resistance mechanism is also significant, that observation must be confirmed in further analysis.
Bandwidth‐enhanced four‐antenna MIMO system based on SIW cavity
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Cao Yan‐Jie 
Published: April 2020

A bandwidth‐enhanced four‐antenna multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) system based on a substrate‐integrated‐waveguide (SIW) cavity is proposed. By etching two long rectangular slots on the top plane of the cavity, four quarter‐mode sub‐cavities with the same size are constructed and then individually fed by a coaxial port to form a four‐antenna MIMO system. Suitable port isolation is achieved by optimising the length and width of these slots. To enhance bandwidth, a pair of back‐to‐back L‐shaped slots is cut to split each sub‐cavity into three smaller parts. Three resonant modes are generated in these parts and merged into the operating band. A sample with the overall size of 0.58λ0 × 0.58λ0 × 0.02λ0 has been fabricated. Measured bandwidth is enhanced from 80 to 230 MHz and measured isolation is better than 15.0 dB. Owing to covering the band of 3.40–3.60 GHz, the proposed antenna system has potential applications for fifth‐generation communication.
Intermediäre Uveitis bei Erwachsenen und Kindern – Update
Authors: Walscheid Karoline , Heiligenhaus Arnd 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Vergleich zu Volkserkrankungen ist die intermediäre Uveitis eine seltene Entität. Ein Ausschluss assoziierter Erkrankungen (in Mitteleuropa vorwiegend in Form einer Sarkoidose oder multiplen Sklerose) sollte bereits bei Erstmanifestation erfolgen. Eine Therapie ist bei Auftreten ausgeprägter Entzündungsaktivität oder visusmindernder Komplikationen indiziert und umfasst primär systemische oder lokale Kortikosteroide sowie ggf. im weiteren Verlauf eine steroidsparende systemische Therapie mit DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs).
Structural and kinetic basis for the regulation and potentiation of Hsp104 function
Authors: Ye Xiang , Lin JiaBei , Mayne Leland , Shorter James , Englander S. Walter 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Cryo-electron microscopy now shows what many massive protein molecular machines look like. What is needed is a methodology that can probe into the machinery under working conditions. This work demonstrates the ability of hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry to provide detailed structural, biophysical, and functional information on the hexameric 0.6-MDa AAA+ Hsp104 protein in its various static nucleotide-bound states and during functional cycling at near amino acid resolution.
The AMPK-PP2A axis in insect fat body is activated by 20-hydroxyecdysone to antagonize insulin/IGF signaling and restrict growth rate
Authors: Yuan Dongwei , Zhou Shun , Liu Suning , Li Kang , Zhao Haigang , Long Shihui , Liu Hanhan , Xie Yongfang , Su Yunlin , Yu Fengwei , Li Sheng 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Final body size determination in animals remains a long-standing puzzle in the field of developmental biology. In insects, insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) and the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) are mainly responsible for the growth rate and growth period, respectively, and consequently the final body size. Here, we report that 20E activates AMPK by up-regulating its gene expression and inducing sugar starvation. In turn, AMPK activates protein phosphatase 2A, which further dephosphorylates and inactivates key components in IIS in the fat body, and eventually suppresses the larval growth rate. These data answer the question of how 20E antagonizes IIS and modulates growth rate.
From philosophical logic to linguistics
Authors: Abraham Werner 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
How are the logical terms of thetic and categorical judgments to be distinguished linguistically?
The key questions are how judgments can be thought of in terms of linguistics and what the deeper lying reason is for
distinguishing the two notions. In our search for an answer, we can be guided by the distinction in Japanese, i.e.
through the use of the particle ga for thetics and wa for categoricals. In German,
the German equivalents are marked by accent mark and information structural word order. Syntactically, thetics are
represented by VP incorporation of all arguments including the subject. The arguments are not subject to syntactic
probing mechanisms but follow semantic preference principles. The following sectionss lead the reader through the
paper. (1) What is thetic, what is categorical? What is this difference for? (2) Main working hypothesis: From thetic
judgment to thetic sentence. (3) Hypothetic definition 1: the thetic sentence in German. (4) Hypothetic definition 2:
Thetic – Categorical. (5) Thetics are presentational, not locative and not existential. (6) Accent and information
structure. (7) Common ground contents (speech act felicity conditions). (8) Integrational focus: broad and narrow
focus (Jacobs 2001). (9) VP-integrated subject ≠ Unaccusative subject. (10)
Speaker deixis implied by subject inversion. (11) Special ga-subjects after Onoe 1973: The deeper key to thetics? (12) Linking thetic syntax with Onoe’s special
ga-verb class in Japanese? (13) The origo decision for episodicity and genericity. (14) Typological
commonalities. (15) Hypothesis: Passives are near-thetic. (16) Conclusion without a real end: the interface mix. (17)
Outgoing: leading ideas and main concepts.
Perception description, report and thetic statements
Authors: Okamoto Junji 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to explain the relationship between thetic statements and two groups of particles,
i.e. Japanese sentence-final particles (sfps) and German modal particles (mps). Thetic statements
are generally associated with predicates of temporary states, verbs of existence or verbs of appearance. By examining
the properties of predicates in thetic statements, I argue that perception description is a key characteristic for
theticity. I propose a common representational framework (Pragmatic Function Representation; PFR) and a distributional
map (Spectrum for Persons Involved and Reference Points; SfPI&RP) to capture commonalities and differences of
sfps and mps. What is common in the use of sfps and mps is that they both can
contribute to form a speech act directed to addressees (report), so that the sentences thus formed are non-thetic.
Most sfps contribute to convert private expressions into public ones, which is not the case in German
mps.
The sustainable intensification of farming systems. A review of cross-disciplinary research methods.
Authors: Grewer Uwe , Rodriguez D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The sustainable intensification of agriculture is a widely utilized research and policy concept that has been subject to an extensive body of scientific literature. A key aspect of the concept is its multi-dimensional and cross-disciplinary nature, and the need for cross-disciplinary research methodologies that integrate biophysical and socio-economic approaches to inform the suitability of alternative technologies, across diverse agro-ecological, socio-economic and institutional conditions. The multi-dimensional and cross-disciplinary nature of sustainable intensification has been well accounted for by the available literature on conceptual definitions and frameworks of sustainable intensification. Less progress has been made on developing similar multidimensional and cross-disciplinary research methodologies that either causally explain determinants and impacts or simulate future developments of sustainable intensification processes. This review provides an overview of recent methodological developments and discusses future research directions in support of sustainable intensification. Emphasis is made on how to bridge the disciplinary gap between bio-physical and socio-economic research approaches, as well as how to utilize the growing availability of bio-physical and socio-economic data.
Crop-livestock integrated systems for more sustainable agricultural production: a review.
Authors: Hendrickson John R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Integrated crop-livestock systems have been proposed as a method to sustainably intensify agricultural systems. However, it is important to understand what is known about these systems and where potential gaps are in our current knowledge. I reviewed over 116 different research and review articles focused on integrated crop-livestock systems and based on their focus, divided them into one of the three different aspects of sustainability: environmental, economic, or social. Most of the 116 articles focused on environmental (77) or economic (72) aspects of integrated crop-livestock systems, with 42 articles having both environmental and economic aspects. Of the 32 articles focused on social issues, there were 17 articles that included both environmental and social aspects and 13 articles that evaluated both economic and social aspects of integrated crop-livestock systems. Only nine articles evaluated all three aspects of sustainability in crop-livestock systems. Most social articles focused on potential adoption strategies, but there was little information about the impact that integrated crop-livestock systems have on the social fabric of communities. Other areas of limited research included how the spatial arrangement of different components of integrated crop-livestock systems may affect system synergies and the inclusion of multiple livestock species, including monogastrics, into these systems.
Dystocia: factors affecting parturition in domestic animals.
Authors: Mota-Rojas Daniel , Martínez-Burnes Julio , Napolitano Fabio , Domínguez-Muñoz Miguel , Guerrero-Legarreta Isabel , Mora-Medina Patricia , Ramírez-Necoechea Ramiro , Lezama-García Karina , González-Lozano Miguel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Dystocia frequently develops when some physical obstacle or functional defect impedes the birth process. Due to the complex nature of the factors involved in the process of parturition, it may be difficult to distinguish between eutocia (normal delivery) and dystocia (difficult birth). It is essential to do so because the physiopathological effects of problematic labour often deteriorate the dam's fertility and, in severe cases, may cause her death as a result of damage to the genital apparatus and the secondary development of systemic infections. Also, if parturition is not successful, neonates could suffer prolonged episodes of hypoxia, which represents a leading cause of foetal death in cases of dystocia and, even when not fatal, can be a determining factor in neonatal survival. Given this, a better knowledge of the aetiology and physiopathology of dystocia will be keys to understanding this condition and adequate decision making in obstetrical practice and veterinary perinatology. Moreover, such knowledge will permit the timely identification of cases that require special attention and establishing actions to protect animal welfare and assess risks that, on occasion, will entail pharmacological control of eutocia or dystocia. Hence, this paper aims to review some of the most critical aspects involved in the process of difficult deliveries and their consequences for the dam and the foetuses of domestic animals.
Mimosa diplotricha
: a review and synthesis of its problem and control options
Authors: Uyi Osariyekemwen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Mimosa diplotricha
C. Wright ex Sauvalle (
=Mimosa invisa
Mart.) (Mimosaceae) is a perennial weedy shrub of neotropical origin and a serious biotic threat in its invasive range. Despite its invasiveness and associated problems, there are surprisingly few reviews on this weed. This paper, therefore, reviews the existing but scattered literature on the invasion history and negative impacts of
M. diplotricha
in different ecological systems in its introduced ranges. Following the introduction of
M. diplotricha
into Indonesia and Australia in the early nineteenth century, the weed has since rapidly spread into many other countries in Asia, Africa and Oceania. It is known to be present and/or invasive in more than 14 Asian (e.g. India, Thailand, the Philippines) and 17 African countries (e.g. Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya) and more than 16 countries in Oceania including Australia and Papua New Guinea, with some serious negative effects on agriculture, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods. Landowners, locals and peasants in invaded areas employ physical/mechanical, cultural and chemical control methods to manage
M. diplotricha
, but these methods are unsustainable, costly and largely ineffective. The first biological control of
M. diplotricha
worldwide began in Australia in the 1980s with the release and establishment of
Heteropsylla spinulosa
, a sap-sucking bug that significantly reduced densities of the weed. This bug was subsequently introduced to many Islands in Oceania where it established and reduced the densities of the weed. This paper discusses the problems of
M. diplotricha
in different ecosystems in invaded areas, control options and gives recommendations for the sustainable management of the weed in Asia and Africa.
Radiation history of Asian Asarum (sect. Heterotropa, Aristolochiaceae) resolved using a phylogenomic approach based on double-digested RAD-seq data
Authors: Okuyama Yudai , Goto Nana , Nagano Atsushi J , Yasugi Masaki , Kokubugata Goro , Kudoh Hiroshi , Qi Zhechen , Ito Takuro , Kakishima Satoshi , Sugawara Takashi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe genus Asarum sect. Heterotropa (Aristolochiaceae) probably experienced rapid diversification into 62 species centred on the Japanese Archipelago and Taiwan, providing an ideal model for studying island adaptive radiation. However, resolving the phylogeny of this plant group using Sanger sequencing-based approaches has been challenging. To uncover the radiation history of Heterotropa, we employed a phylogenomic approach using double-digested RAD-seq (ddRAD-seq) to yield a sufficient number of phylogenetic signals and compared its utility with that of the Sanger sequencing-based approach.MethodsWe first compared the performance of phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid matK and trnL–F regions and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), and phylogenomic analysis based on ddRAD-seq using a reduced set of the plant materials (83 plant accessions consisting of 50 species, one subspecies and six varieties). We also conducted more thorough phylogenomic analyses including the reconstruction of biogeographic history using comprehensive samples of 135 plant accessions consisting of 54 species, one subspecies, nine varieties of Heterotropa and six outgroup species.Key ResultsPhylogenomic analyses of Heterotropa based on ddRAD-seq were superior to Sanger sequencing-based approaches and resulted in a fully resolved phylogenetic tree with strong support for 72.0–84.8 % (depending on the tree reconstruction methods) of the branches. We clarified the history of Heterotropa radiation and found that A. forbesii, the only deciduous Heterotropa species native to mainland China, is sister to the evergreen species (core Heterotropa) mostly distributed across the Japanese Archipelago and Taiwan.ConclusionsThe core Heterotropa group was divided into nine subclades, each of which had a narrow geographic distribution. Moreover, most estimated dispersal events (22 out of 24) were between adjacent areas, indicating that the range expansion has been geographically restricted throughout the radiation history. The findings enhance our understanding of the remarkable diversification of plant lineages in the Japanese Archipelago and Taiwan.
Gene Function Rather than Reproductive Mode Drives the Evolution of RNA Helicases in Sexual and Apomictic Boechera
Authors: Kiefer Markus , Nauerth Berit H , Volkert Christopher , Ibberson David , Loreth Anna , Schmidt Anja 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In higher plants, sexual and asexual reproductions through seeds (apomixis) have evolved as alternative strategies. Evolutionary advantages leading to coexistence of both reproductive modes are currently not well understood. It is expected that accumulation of deleterious mutations leads to a rapid elimination of apomictic lineages from populations. In this line, apomixis originated repeatedly, likely from deregulation of the sexual pathway, leading to alterations in the development of reproductive lineages (germlines) in apomicts as compared with sexual plants. This potentially involves mutations in genes controlling reproduction.
Increasing evidence suggests that RNA helicases are crucial regulators of germline development. To gain insights into the evolution of 58 members of this diverse gene family in sexual and apomictic plants, we applied target enrichment combined with next-generation sequencing to identify allelic variants from 24 accessions of the genus Boechera, comprising sexual, facultative, and obligate apomicts. Interestingly, allelic variants from apomicts did not show consistently increased mutation frequency. Either sequences were highly conserved in any accession, or allelic variants preferentially harbored mutations in evolutionary less conserved C- and N-terminal domains, or presented high mutation load independent of the reproductive mode. Only for a few genes allelic variants harboring deleterious mutations were only identified in apomicts. To test if high sequence conservation correlates with roles in fundamental cellular or developmental processes, we analyzed Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lines in VASA-LIKE (VASL), and identified pleiotropic defects during ovule and reproductive development. This indicates that also in apomicts mechanisms of selection are in place based on gene function.