bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of litter and organic carbon in fragment of cerrado sensu stricto in Tocantins
Authors: Santana Thiêssa Tamilla de Carvalho , Aguiar Bruno Aurélio Campos , Teixeira Lorena Gama , Gama Rafaela Da Costa , Santos André Ferreira dos , Souza Priscila Bezerra de 
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to quantify the accumulated litter of a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto, besides estimating the organic carbon stored from the organic matter. We conducted the study in a sensu stricto cerrado fragment in the municipality of Formoso do Araguaia, State of Tocantins, where samples of litter were collected in six random plots of 10 m x 50 m (500m2) using a 0.5 m x 0.5 m iron template by throwing it into the ground to collect the material. We separated the collected litter into two fractions, dry and green litter. Those collected were conditioned in paper containers for oven drying at 70°C for 48 h. It was weighed 1.5 g of the biomass ground in porcelain crucibles, which were dried in an oven at 105°C for 24h, then in the muffle at 550°C for 3h, at the Madeira Laboratory from the Federal University of Tocantins. For the litter, it was quantified 4.36 t ha-1 (value below the ones found in the literature), 69.08% of organic matter for the dry material, 95.42% of organic matter for the green material, 0.546 t ha-1 of organic carbon in the dry material, 0.769 t ha-1 of organic carbon in the green material.
Bacterial pathogens in wound infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a medical college hospital, in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Afroz Sadia , Sarkar Dipika , Khatun Khadeza , Khan Tarek Mahbub , Paul Shikha 
Published: May 2020

Background: Wound infection is a major health problem that results in prolong hospital stay, increased treatment cost and are responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify the bacterial pathogens causing wound infection and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profile.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from January 2016 to December 2016. Wound swab samples were collected and inoculated into appropriate media. The bacterial pathogens were identified by using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed using disc diffusion technique following Kirby-Bauer method.Results: Out of 239 wound swab samples analyzed 173 (72.4%) were culture positive. Majority (35.3%) of culture positive cases were in age group 16-30 years and 60.1% were male. Staphylococcus aureus (36.9%) was the predominant isolate, followed by Escherichia coli (35.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (17.3%) and Proteus spp. (5.8%). Bacterial isolates were highly resistant Amoxicillin (89-100%), Cephalosporin (60-100%), Ciprofloxacin (53-71%), while they were least resistant to Imipenem (0-14%) and Amikacin (17-30%). Conclusions: In the present study most of the isolates showed high rate of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore regular monitoring and rational use of antibiotic should be practiced.
A study in respect of transfusion related complications in hemophiliacs with special reference to developing factor inhibitors
Authors: Sharma Praveen 
Published: May 2020

Prophylaxis and treatment with factor replacement have greatly improved the quality of care for patients with hemophilia.However,development of factor inhibitors is the most serious and challenging complication of therapy. Other complications are viral infections like Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV, and the other infective diseases, which can be transmitted by the blood and blood products transfusion.The aims of this study is to study the complications in the hemophiliacs who have been treated prophylactically or ‘on demand’ with fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and concentrated products of FVIII andDuring the study period, all patients (100) with Hemophilia attending Gandhi Medical College are taken under consideration. The presence of an inhibitor was determined by a simple mixing experiment using the test plasma and normal pooled plasma and 3 generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method& anti-HBsAg.statisticalThe inhibitor study showed that in 7%(3.2-13.98 at 95% confidence interval) patients, APTT was not corrected after mixing patients plasma with pooled normal plasma (PNP) and applying the test immediately and after one hour of incubation. serological tests showed antibodies for HCV were positive in 4% of cases (1.1%-9.93% at 95% CI), whereas antibodies against HBsAg was positive in 1% of cases(0.3%-5.45% at 95% CI), which was less then anti HCV. Transfusion associated complications were higher in severe form of Haemophilia as compared to moderate and mild form of Hemophilia.Developing antibodies to infused factor concentrates (inhibitors) remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of patients with hemophilia. Novel treatment approaches for these patients are in developmental stage, which include therapeutic agents that mimic factor VIII or augment thrombin production by bypassing the inhibitors, as well as agents that act by inhibiting the natural anticoagulants.
Pyloric gland adenoma of gallbladder with squamoid morules in pediatric age
Authors: Choraria Amit , Gupta Ashutosh , Tiwari Shantanu , Tikeykar Vishakha , Chaudhary Vivek 
Published: May 2020

7 year old symptomatic girl was diagnosed with gall bladder polyp on ultrasonography and MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and patient was discharged on 2 post operative day without any complications. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry revealed pyloric gland adenoma with squamoid morules.Gall bladder polyps are seen in 5% of the adult population around the world but rarely seen in children. Polyps have the potential to convert into malignancy and hence early diagnosis and differentiation is necessary.Most of the patients with gall bladder adenomas are adult females. Majority of the adenomas (91%) are single. Squamoid morules was found in 28% and columnar oxyphil cells in 2% of these adenomas. High-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ was seen in 27% of them and low-grade dysplasia in 15%. However, only 1% invasive adenocarcinomas were diagnosed in pyloric gland adenomas, both of which were intestinal type. For symptomatic patients who have pain and dyspepsia, cholecystectomy is the recommended treatment. For asymptomatic or incidentally detected patients, the indications for cholecystectomy should be age more than 50 years, solitary polyp greater than 10mm in largest dimension, accompanying gall stones and increase in size on serial sonographies.As per our knowledge the case we report is the first case of gallbladder pyloric adenoma with squamoid morules in pediatric age group. Treatment with simple cholecystectomy is recommended in view of literature suggesting pre malignant lesion.
Comentarios acerca del artículo: “Historias de vida familiar en madres adolescentes: estudio cualitativo realizado en el Hospital Engativá ESE en Bogotá, Colombia”
Authors: Rodríguez-Soto Karen , Reyes-Aranibar Sara , Uribe-Chincha Tula , Torres-Slimming Paola 
Published: May 2020

Carta al editor del 17 de noviembre de 2019 sobre el artículo “Historias de vida familiar en madres adolescentes: estudio cualitativo realizado en el Hospital Engativá ESE en Bogotá, Colombia” https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.3162
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN HAND SANITIZER PERASAAN BUAH JERUK NIPIS BAGI GURU, SISWA SISWI SMA DAN SMK MUTIARA 17 AGUSTUS KELURAHAN TELUK PUCUNG BEKASI UTARA
Authors: Lestari Pramulani Mulya , Pahriyani Ani 
Published: May 2020

Hand sanitizer (antiseptik tangan) adalah produk kesehatan yang secara instant dapat mematikan kuman tanpa menggunakan air, dapat digunakan kapan saja dan dimana saja, misalnya setelah memegang uang, sebelum makan, setelah dari toilet dan setelah membuang sampah. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini dapat menghasilkan suatu produk kesehatan yang dapat dimanfaatkan baik untuk diri sendiri, keluarga dan masyarakat sekitarnya. Metode yang digunakan berupa ceramah berisi penjelasan materi dan praktek pembuatan hand sanitizer. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pemahaman peserta tentang pembuatan hand sanitizer dari bahan alam beserta fungsinya
Iatrogenic nerve injuries following surgery for paediatric distal humeral epiphyseal fractures – a report of 2 cases
Authors: Żyluk Andrzej , Puchalski Piotr , Szlosser Zbigniew 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Two cases of paediatric radial and ulnar nerve injuries occurring at operative treatment of distal humeral epiphyseal fractures. In one case, the nerve laceration was associated with a defect, requiring reconstruction by nerve grafting. In a 2nd case, the nerve was compressed and partially damaged by implanting, followed by entrapment in the scar; release of the nerve from the scar resulted in recovery of its function. The importance of being familiar with the nerves’ course at the distal end of the humerus, as well as proper and prompt reaction to symptoms of nerve dysfunction occurring immediately after the operation was emphasised.
Loneliness as a risk factor for frailty transition among Chinese old people
Authors: SHA SHA , Yuebin Xu , Lin Chen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: previous literature has reported that loneliness is a strong predictor of frailty risk, yet less is known about the role of loneliness in frailty transition types. In this study, we examined whether and how loneliness is related to frailty transition among Chinese old people. Methods: our study used participants (aged>=60) from 2008/2009, 2011/2012 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Loneliness was assessed by a single question asking how often the respondent feels lonely and grouped into three levels: never, seldom, and often. FRAIL Scale was created to measure physical frailty for our study, and frailty was also assessed by a broader definition of frailty index. Frailty transition as an outcome variable has been designed as two types according to the measurement of frailty.Results: greater loneliness at baseline reduced the possibility of remaining robust or prefrail physical frailty state after adjusting for confounding variables (3-year period: OR=0.78, p<0.001;6-year period: OR=0.84, p<0.05). Greater loneliness was associated with an increased risk of worsening physical frailty after years: compared with those who had never felt lonely, the odds ratios for people who often felt lonely were 1.19 (p<0.01) after 3 years and 1.34 (p<0.001) after 6 years, adjusted for confounding variables. The association between loneliness and change in the frailty index differed in survey periods: often loneliness at baselines was found to reduce the possibility of participants remaining nonfrail (OR= 0.83, p<0.05) and increase the possibility of participants remaining in frailty (seldom loneliness: OR= 1.78, p<0.001; often loneliness: OR= 1.74, p<0.001) after 6 years. Besides, loneliness at baselines was significantly associated with frailty transition at follow-up among males, even after adjusting for all potential confounding variables. However, a similar association was not observed among females.Conclusion: old people with a high level of loneliness tend to be frail in the future, and greater loneliness is related to increased risk of worsening frailty and remaining frail. Male elderly with a high level of loneliness were more likely to suffer from frailty transition than female elderly in China.
Japanese Nurse Practitioners’ Legal Liability Ambiguity Regarding their Medical Practice: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sugiyama Shoko , Asakura Kyoko , Takada Nozomu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Nurse practitioners’ role is always expanding. The Japanese Nurse Practitioner (JNP) system was initiated in 2015 to shift some aspects of doctors’ work to various other healthcare professionals, including nurses. JNPs’ fulfillment of their roles was shown to have a certain degree of efficacy and provide positive outcomes for patients (e.g., shortening hospitalization period). Nurse practitioners are considered legally liable for their medical practices because they are performed on doctors’ behalf; however, in real life, there is ambiguity regarding such practice. It is necessary to clarify nurse practitioners’ legal liability in order to ensure the safety of their medical practice and protect them in medical procedures performed on physicians’ behalf. This study aimed to clarify how JNPs understand their own legal liability in medical practice.Methods: A qualitative, inductive research design was adopted to record participants’ opinions. The survey was conducted from October 2017 to February 2018. Participants were nurses working as JNPs at general hospitals in eastern Japan. We recruited participants via snowball sampling.Results: With regard to JNPs’ legal liability in their medical practice, three themes understanding were observed: “determining whether the JNP has the ability to perform the assigned medical procedure,” “exercising caution when performing medical procedures on a doctor’s behalf” and “an urge to follow up with appropriate medical practice until the end of care.”Conclusions: We demonstrated that JNPs recognized their own legal liability in medical practice. They had to protect themselves because their legal position was ambiguous. Furthermore, JNPs accepted that diagnosis and drug prescription could be performed (even if not within the 38 procedures JNPs are qualified to perform) on behalf of doctors if trusting relationships had been previously established.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of heterocyclic 1,2,4-Triazole scaffolds as promising pharmacological agents
Authors: Kumari Mukesh , Tahlan Sumit , Narasimhan Balasubramanian , Ramasamy Kalavathy , Lim Siong Meng , Shah Syed Adnan Ali , Mani Vasudevan , Kakkar Saloni 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Triazole is an important heterocyclic moiety that occupies a unique position in heterocyclic chemistry, due to its large number of biological activities. It exists in two isomeric forms i.e. 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,3-triazole and is used as core molecule for the design and synthesis of many medicinal compounds. 1,2,4-Triazole possess broad spectrum of therapeutically interesting drug candidates such as analgesic, antiseptic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-urease, anti-inflammatory, diuretics, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and antimigraine agents.Methods: The structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized by physicochemical properties and spectral means (IR and NMR). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (B. subtilis), Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) bacterial and fungal (C. albicans and A. niger) strains by tube dilution method using ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and fluconazole as standards. In-vitro antioxidant and anti-urease screening was done by DPPH assay and indophenol method, respectively. The in-vitro anticancer evaluation was carried out against MCF-7 and HCT116 cancer cell lines using 5-FU and cisplatin as standards.Results, discussion and conclusion: The biological screening results reveal that the compoundsT5 (MICBS,EC= 24.7µM, MICPA, CA = 12.3 µM) and T17 (MICAN = 27.1µM) exhibited potent antimicrobial activity as comparable to standards ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin (MICCipro= 18.1µM, MICAmo = 17.1µM) and fluconazole (MICFlu = 20.4µM), respectively. The antioxidant evaluation showed that compounds T2 (IC50 = 34.83 µg/ml) and T3 (IC50 = 34.38 µg/ml) showed significant antioxidant activity and comparable to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 35.44 µg/ml). Compounds T3 (IC50 = 54.01µg/ml) was the most potent urease inhibitor amongst the synthesized compounds and compared to standard thiourea (IC50 = 54.25 µg/ml).The most potent anticancer activity was shown by compounds T2 (IC50 = 3.84μM) and T7 (IC50 = 3.25μM) against HCT116 cell lines as compared to standard 5-FU (IC50 = 25.36μM).
Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality attributable to loneliness in older Swedish men and women.
Authors: Novak Masuma , waern Margda , Johansson Lena , Zettergren Anna , Ryden Lina , Wetterberg Hanna , Gudmundsson Pia , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background. This study examined whether loneliness predicts cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Methods. Baseline data from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, collected during 2000 on 70-year-olds born 1930 and living in Gothenburg were used for analysis (n=524). Mortality data were analyzed until 2012 through Swedish national registers. Results. Perceived loneliness was reported by 17.1% of the men and 30.9% of the women in a face-to-face interview with mental health professional. A total of 142 participants died during the 12-year follow-up period, with 5 334 person-years at risk, corresponding to 26.6 deaths/1000 person-years. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 59.2% of all deaths. The cumulative rates/1000 person-years for cardiovascular mortality were 20.8 (men) and 11.5 (women), and for all-cause mortality 33.8 (men) and 20.5 (women), respectively. In Cox regression models, no significant increased risk of mortality was seen for men with loneliness compared to men without loneliness (cardiovascular mortality HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.78 - 2.96; all-cause HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.77 - 2.28). Increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed in women with loneliness compared to those without (HR 2.25 95% CI 1.14 - 4.45), and the risk remained significant in a multivariable-adjusted model (HR 2.42 95% CI 1.04 - 5.65). Conclusions. Loneliness was shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in women. We found no evidence to indicate that loneliness was associated with an increased risk of either cardiovascular- or all-cause mortality in men.
Predictors of Poor Postoperative Outcomes in Pediatric Surgery Patients in Rural Ghana
Authors: Peiffer Sarah , Ssentongo Anna E. , Keeney Laura , Amponsah-Manu Forster , Yeboako Richard , Ofosu-Akromah Richard , Arkorful Temitope Ebenezer , Agyemang Eric , Tsai Anthony , Oh John , Ssentongo Paddy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background/Purpose: Perioperative complications cause significant pediatric morbidity and mortality in low- and lower middle -income countries. This study investigates factors associated with prolonged length of stay, 90-day readmission and in-hospital mortality among pediatric patients at Eastern Regional Hospital (ERH) in Ghana. Methods: This is a retrospective review of perioperative morbidity and mortality in children <18 years at ERH in Koforidua, Ghana. All pediatric surgeries performed between January 2015 and December 2017 were included in this study . Univariate analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests. Variables that were significant on univariate analysis were included in multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender.Results: We analyzed 468 patients <18 years of age with a median length of stay (LOS) of 3 days. The 90-day readmission and in-hospital mortality rates were 138 and 17 per 1000 patients, respectively. The most common procedures were herniorrhaphy (19%) and appendectomy (15%). Gastrointestinal surgery, surgical trauma, surgical infection and lack of insurance were significantly associated with prolonged LOS. Young age and female gender were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Malaria was significantly associated with 90-day readmission. Conclusions: Malaria infection is a significant risk factor for readmission, which should be investigated and treated in pediatric surgical patients in rural Ghana. Ensuring that all patients have insurance may result in shorter hospital stays. Provision of laparoscopic equipment may reduce hospital stays for patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Expansion of the surgical work force, particularly pediatric surgeons, could improve perioperative survival in the very young population.
Osteopontin promoter polymorphisms and risk of urolithiasis: a candidate gene association and meta-analysis study
Authors: Amar Ali , Afzal Ayesha , Hameed Athar , Ahmad Mumtaz , Khan Abdul Rafay , Najma Humaira , Abid Aiysha , Khaliq Shagufta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Urolithiasis is a worldwide urological problem with significant contribution of genetic factors. Pakistan, which resides within the Afro-Asian stone belt, has a high reported prevalence (12%) of urolithiasis. Osteopontin (SPP1) is a urinary macromolecule with a suggested critical role in modulating renal stone formation, genetic polymorphisms of which may determine individual risk of developing urolithiasis. However, results of previous studies regarding SPP1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to urolithiasis have apparent inconsistencies with no data available for local population. Methods: A total of 235 urolithiasis patients and 243 healthy controls, all of Pakistani ancestry, underwent genotyping for six SPP1 genetic polymorphisms in an effort to investigate potential association with urolithiasis using indigenous candidate gene association study design. Further, a comprehensive meta-analysis following a systematic literature search was also done to ascertain an evidence based account of any existent association regarding SPP1 promoter polymorphisms and risk of developing urolithiasis.Results: Three SPP1 promoter polymorphisms, rs2853744:G>T, rs11730582:T>C and rs11439060:delG>G, were found to be significantly associated with risk of urolithiasis in indigenous genetic association study (OR = 3.14; p = 0.006, OR = 1.78; p = 0.006 and OR = 1.60; p = 0.012, respectively). We also observed a 1.68-fold positive association of a tri-allelic haplotype of these SPP1 promoter polymorphisms (G-C-dG) with risk of urolithiasis (OR = 1.68; p = 0.0079). However, no association was evident when data were stratified according to gender, age at first presentation, stone recurrence, stone multiplicity, parental consanguinity and family history of urolithiasis. The overall results from meta-analysis, which included 4 studies, suggested a significant association of SPP1 rs2853744:G>T polymorphism with susceptibility of urolithiasis (OR = 1.37; p = 0.004), but not for other SPP1 polymorphic variants analyzed. Conclusions: In conclusion, we report significant association of 3 SPP1 polymorphisms with urolithiasis for the first time from South Asia, however, this association persisted only for SPP1 rs2853744:G>T polymorphism after meta-analysis of pooled studies. Further studies with a larger sample size will be required to validate this association and assess any potential usefulness in diagnosis and prognosis of renal stone disease.