bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
83 Trip Versus Slip: Implication of the Triggers of Falls on Physiological Fall Risk
Authors: Lam Freddy M H , Choy Dicky T K , Leung Jason C S , Kwok Timothy C Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Early identification of fallers with intrinsic fall risk factors could facilitate the delivery of timely and appropriate treatment. This study aims to see if the two most common triggers of falls – trip and slip, have an implication on the physiological profile of older fallers.

Methods
One thousand one hundred and forty-one community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or above who had a fall in the past year were recruited in Hong Kong. Details on the falls experienced by the elderly were recorded in an interview. Physiological fall risk of the participants was measured by the short-form Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA). It assesses vision, reaction time, proprioception, balance, and knee extension strength. Mobility was assessed by the 10-meter walk test at comfortable speed. Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the assessment results between those who only experienced trip and falls (n=378; 316 female; mean age=70.4±7.2) and those who only experienced slip and falls (n=204; 159 female; mean age=70.1±7.1) while adjusting for gender proportion. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the difference in the proportion of recurrent fallers across groups.

Results
Elderly who experienced only trip and falls have a significantly lower knee extension strength (22.9±8.3kg) compare with those who experienced only slip and falls (25.0±9.18 kg; p=0.031). They also tend to take longer to complete the 10-meter walk test (Trip only: 10.17±2.88; Slip only: 9.72±2.63; p=0.085). A higher percentage of those who tripped were recurrent fallers but the difference was insignificant (Trip only: 11.6%; Slip only: 8.3%; p=0.214). No other outcome measure was found to be significantly different across groups (p≥0.418).

Conclusion
Elderly who tripped and fell have worse physical ability than those who slipped. They are potentially better candidates for fall prevention exercise intervention.
90 Falls Efficacy Related Instruments for Community-Dwellig Older Adults – Development and Content Validity: A Cosmin-Based Systematic Review
Authors: Soh Shawn Leng-Hsien , Tan Chee-Wee , Judith Lane , Gleeson Nigel , Xu Tim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Falls efficacy is a widely-studied latent construct in community-dwelling older adults. Various self-reported instruments have been used to measure falls efficacy. Empirical evidence is needed to justify the selection of a specific instrument to measure the intended construct.

Objectives
To summarize evidence on the development, content validity and structural validity of instruments measuring falls efficacy in community-dwelling older adults using Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist.

Study Design and Setting
MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL were searched (May 2019). Records on development of instruments and studies assessing content validity or structural validity of falls efficacy related scales were included. COSMIN methodology guided the review of eligible studies and methodological quality. Evidence of content validity: relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility and unidimensionality for structural validity were synthesized. A modified GRADE approach was applied to evidence synthesis.

Results
35 studies on 18 instruments were included in the review. High quality evidence showed that modified Falls-Efficacy Scale (FES)–13 items (mFES-13) is relevant but not comprehensive for measuring falls efficacy. Moderate quality evidence supported the FES-10 had sufficient relevance and the mFES-14 had sufficient comprehensibility. Only the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale–Simplified (ABC-15) had sufficient relevance of moderate quality evidence to measure balance confidence. Low to very low quality evidence underpinned content validity of other instruments. High quality evidence supported sufficient unidimensionality for eight instruments (FES-10, mFES-14, ABC-6, ABC-15, ABC-16, Iconographical FES (Icon-FES), FES–International (FES-I) and Perceived Ability to Prevent and Manage Fall Risks (PAPMFR)).

Conclusion
Content validity of the instruments to measure falls efficacy is understudied. Structural validity is sufficient for a number of widely-used instruments. Measuring balance confidence is a subset of falls efficacy. Further work is needed to investigate the broader continuum of falls efficacy.
95 Associated Factors and Outcomes of Falls in Acute Elderly Inpatients
Authors: Spiegel Carmen , Warren Diane , McCall Denise , Berry Kristine , Khoo Tien K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
It is thought that more than 1:3 individuals ≥65 years old fall at least once per year. With an increasing number of elderly inpatients in an ageing Australian population, falls prevention is now part of patient safety. We aimed to characterise associated factors of inpatient falls and patient outcomes in an acute medical ward in a regional hospital.

Methodology
Inpatient falls for a 12-month duration (January-December 2018) were identified through a mandatory incident reporting system. Identifiable cases were included in the study with medical records reviewed retrospectively to ascertain active medical issues. Individuals with recurrent falls in the same admission were only counted once. Statistical analyses were performed in cases which completed an Ontario Modified Stratify (Sydney Scoring) Falls Risk Screen (OMS) during admission. An OMS score of ≥9 was indicative of high falls risk (HFR). Active issues were categorised based on major diagnostic categories.

Results
A total of 77 falls occurred during the 12-month period. Fifty three events fulfilled criteria for further analyses. This comprised of 24 (45.3%) males and 29 (54.7%) females once recurrent fallers were accounted. The mean cohort age was 80.2 years (SD 13.6) with a mean OMS score of 14.3 (SD 8.6) whereby 63.0% were deemed HFR.
The top six categories of active issues experienced in this group were history of fall(s) contributing to admission (47.2%), cognitive impairment/ delirium/ dementia (43.4%), infection (43.4%), significant orthopaedic/ rheumatological disorders (39.6%), ischaemic heart disease/ heart failure/ valvulopathy (34%) and hypertension (34%).
Medical admission outcomes for inpatient fallers were as follows; 58.5% discharged, 22.6% transferred to subacute care, 3.8% interhospital transfer and 15.1% death.

Conclusion
Recommended cut-off scores for the OMS are likely suboptimal in multimorbid elderly acute medical inpatients. Based on the limited sample size, elderly inpatients who experienced in-hospital falls are at higher risk of mortality.
99 What is the Attitude and Knowledge of Malaysian Nurses Towards Falls in the Hospital?
Authors: Chong Elizabeth G M , Ramli Roslawati , Ramli Fadhilah , Yau Weng Keong , Abdullah Che Ku Mohd Fairuz Che Ku 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Fall prevention programs are multidisciplinary, but nursing care plays a central and important role. However, management of falls are not addressed in the nursing clinical training curriculum in Malaysia.

Methodology
This study was conducted in Hospital Kuala Lumpur in the month of April and May 2019. A structured questionnaire with 10 questions on attitudes of a nurse in the management of falls and 10 questions on knowledge of falls in the hospital were distributed randomly to nurses of the Medical and Oncology departments.

Results
There were 260 participants: Medical (73%) and Oncology (27%). Among all the subjects, 84% were female. 17% of the subjects were junior nurses (less than 1 year of service) and 15.2% were seniors (&gt;10 years of service). Majority only had a basic diploma in nursing (97%).
The average score of the nurses’ attitude towards falls was 9 points, where 85.4% had a score of 8 or more, representing a good attitude towards the understanding of their role as a nurse in the management of falls.
In view to knowledge, the average score was 8 and 19% scored full marks. Those who had worked for longer for the organisation and nurses from the medical department had more respondents scoring full marks. The nurses with poorer attitude are reflected by their lower average knowledge score of 6, 2 marks lower than those with a good attitude.

Conclusion
The study showed that the Malaysian nurses have a very good attitude towards the management and prevention of falls. This study showed that attitude of the nurse in the prevention of falls is correlated to their knowledge about falls. Therefore, nursing management of falls should be routinely introduced into the nursing curriculum.

References
1. MH Kim, HW Jeon, MY Chon, Study on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Falls and Awareness of Fall Risk Factors Among Nursing Students, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(S1), 74-80, 2015
2. M Ganabathi. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) on fall prevention among nurses at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Saudi Arabia, J Nurs Care 2017, 6:5 (Suppl)
The essential histogram
Authors: Li Housen , Munk Axel , Sieling Hannes , Walther Guenther 
Published: December 2019

Summary
The histogram is widely used as a simple, exploratory way of displaying data, but it is usually not clear how to choose the number and size of the bins. We construct a confidence set of distribution functions that optimally deal with the two main tasks of the histogram: estimating probabilities and detecting features such as increases and modes in the distribution. We define the essential histogram as the histogram in the confidence set with the fewest bins. Thus the essential histogram is the simplest visualization of the data that optimally achieves the main tasks of the histogram. The only assumption we make is that the data are independent and identically distributed. We provide a fast algorithm for computing the essential histogram and illustrate our method with examples.
African sunbirds predominantly pollinate plants useful to humans
Authors: Newmark William D , Mkongewa Victor J , Amundsen Debra L , Welch Chad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Birds provide multiple ecological services that benefit humans including pollination. In Africa, sunbirds are the dominant vertebrate pollinator. Here we present a species-level assessment for African sunbirds of the number and relative frequency of their food plants that have useful properties to humans. We conducted this analysis by compiling and integrating known sunbird food plants with useful tropical plant and tropical cultivated plant databases. Across Africa, 68% of the 329 genera and 44% of the 468 species of sunbirds’ known food plants are used by humans for medicine, food, building materials, or other uses. Yet most genera and species of useful plants are visited by a small number of sunbird species. The median number of sunbird species that visit a useful genus and species of plant is two and one, respectively. Of the 409 genera and 308 species of useful plants that are sunbird pollinated across one or more of the six predominant habitats for sunbirds, 67% of genera and 71% of species are pollinated by sunbird species that are forest or woodland dependent. Additionally, 58% of all genera and 83% of all species of useful plants pollinated by sunbirds are non-cultivated. In Africa, non-cultivated sunbird-pollinated useful plants are almost entirely collected, used, and traded locally rather than regionally or internationally. Our results indicate that African sunbirds provide important ecological services as pollinators that benefit humans, and these services are provided largely at a local scale. Given the decline of invertebrate and vertebrate pollinators both globally and in Africa, sunbirds are important to the long-term conservation of many useful plants in Africa and hence human well-being.
A Rare, Recently Discovered Nematode, Oscheius onirici (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae), Kills Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Within Fruit
Authors: Foye Shane , Steffan Shawn A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is an exotic species in North America and represents a major threat to fruit production. Efforts to manage D. suzukii have focused primarily on insecticides, but such controls may, at times, be unreliable, given that D. suzukii larvae are often ensconced within fruit. The fruit interior, however, may represent suitable foraging substrates for carnivorous/entomopathogenic nematodes. In preliminary trials, a rare nematode species, Oscheius onirici Torrini et al., was shown to be highly virulent against D. suzukii when the nematodes were applied directly to fly larvae. To address the more important question of whether this nematode would be as virulent when applied to fruit, we set up assays in which blueberries were infested with D. suzukii larvae and then sprayed with O. onirici infective juveniles (IJs). Across two laboratory trials, O. onirici IJs suppressed D. suzukii puparia by 78.2%. Oscheius onirici IJs were able to search effectively within fruit substrates, find the fly larvae therein, and kill the flies before they could pupariate. Oscheius onirici, therefore, may represent a viable new bio-control agent for D. suzukii management and should be field-tested across a broader diversity of cropping systems.
Dependence of sperm structural and functional integrity on testicular calcineurin isoform PPP3R2 expression
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhang Chujun , Wang Shiyao , Hu Yanqin , Jing Jia , Ye Luyao , Jing Ran , Ding Zhide 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAfter leaving the testis, mammalian sperm undergo a sequential maturation process in the epididymis followed by capacitation during their movement through the female reproductive tract. These phenotypic changes are associated with modification of protein phosphorylation and membrane remodeling, which is requisite for sperm to acquire forward motility and induce fertilization. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying sperm maturation and capacitation are still not fully understood. Herein, we show that PPP3R2, a testis-specific regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 3 (an isoform of calcineurin in the testis), is essential for sperm maturation and capacitation. Knockout of Ppp3r2 in mice leads to male sterility due to sperm motility impairment and morphological defects. One very noteworthy change includes increases in sperm membrane stiffness. Moreover, PPP3R2 regulates sperm maturation and capacitation via (i) modulation of membrane diffusion barrier function at the annulus and (ii) facilitation of cholesterol efflux during sperm capacitation. Taken together, PPP3R2 plays a critical role in modulating cholesterol efflux and mediating the dynamic control of membrane remodeling during sperm maturation and capacitation.
Interference of M-protein on Thrombin Time Test: A Case Report
Authors: Njegovan Milena , Margetić Sandra , Tešija Kuna Andrea , Đerek Lovorka , Ćelap Ivana , Pavičić Tomislav , Čaržavec Dubravka , Gaćina Petar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
A case of interference of monoclonal protein (M-protein) on thrombin time (TT) test in a 39-year-old Caucasian male patient is presented.

Methods
Coagulation screening tests were performed where altered results only for TT result (&gt;150 seconds) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) result (36 seconds) were measured. Further specific coagulation testing included measurement of individual coagulation factors FII, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, FXI, and FXII. Diagnostic steps in detection and identification of monoclonal protein included serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation (both serum and urine specimen).

Results
Monoclonal protein immunoglobulin G kappa detection and identification in serum and urine clarified the situation.

Conclusion
Unexpectedly altered results of screening coagulation tests without any appropriate clinical signs and symptoms in a patient without any anticoagulant therapy needs to be critically considered in the context of extended next diagnostic steps in order to clarify the cause of pathological test results.
The Association between Serum Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Levels and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Su Yuhao , Huang Ying , Jiang Ying , Zhu Meilan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to assess whether serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is associated with a risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.MethodsOne hundred sixty-nine patients with CKD were followed for a mean of 36 months (range, 5–39 months). Serum RBP4 and other laboratory indicators were measured at baseline. The relationship between RBP4 and the risk of CV events was evaluated by using Cox regression analysis.ResultsPatients with higher serum RBP4 levels had a higher rate of CV events and a higher mortality in a univariate analysis (P &lt; 0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that RBP4 (hazard ratio, 2.259; 95% confidence interval, 2.067–5.489; P = 0.002) is an independent prognostic factor for CV events in patients with CKD. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with RBP4 above the median value (&gt;33.86 mg/L) had a higher rate of CV events than did patients with RBP4 at or below the median value (≤33.86 mg/L; P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionRBP4 levels are associated with CV events in patients with CKD. Elevated serum RBP4 levels may indicate an increased risk of CV complications in CKD patients.
Forward Surgical Team Procedural Burden and Non-operative Interventions by the U.S. Military Trauma System in Afghanistan, 2008–2014
Authors: Staudt Amanda M , Suresh Mithun R , Gurney Jennifer M , Trevino Jennifer D , Valdez-Delgado Krystal K , VanFosson Christopher A , Butler Frank K , Mann-Salinas Elizabeth A , Kotwal Russ S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
No published study has reported non-surgical interventions performed by forward surgical teams, and there are no current surgical benchmarks for forward surgical teams. The objective of the study was to describe operative procedures and non-operative interventions received by battlefield casualties and determine the operative procedural burden on the trauma system.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of data from the Joint Trauma System Forward Surgical Team Database using battle and non-battle injured casualties treated in Afghanistan from 2008–2014. Overall procedure frequency, mortality outcome, and survivor morbidity outcome were calculated using operating room procedure codes grouped by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project classification. Cumulative attributable burden of procedures was calculated by frequency, mortality, and morbidity. Morbidity and mortality burden were used to rank procedures.

Results
The study population was comprised of 10,992 casualties, primarily male (97.8%), with a median age interquartile range of 25.0 (22.0–30.0). Affiliations were non-U.S. military (40.0%), U.S. military (35.1%), and others (25.0%). Injuries were penetrating (65.2%), blunt (32.8), and burns (2.0%). Casualties included 4.4% who died and 14.9% who lived but had notable morbidity findings. After ranking by contribution to trauma system morbidity and mortality burden, the top 10 of 32 procedure groups accounted for 74.4% of operative care, 77.9% of mortality, and 73.1% of unexpected morbidity findings. These procedure groups included laparotomy, vascular procedures, thoracotomy, debridement, lower and upper gastrointestinal procedures, amputation, and therapeutic procedures on muscles and upper and lower extremity bones. Most common non-operative interventions included X-ray, ultrasound, wound care, catheterization, and intubation.

Conclusions
Forward surgical team training and performance improvement metrics should focus on optimizing commonly performed operative procedures and non-operative interventions. Operative procedures that were commonly performed, and those associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality, can set surgical benchmarks and outline training and skillsets needed by forward surgical teams.
How stellar rotation shapes the colour−magnitude diagram of the massive intermediate-age star cluster NGC 1846
Authors: Kamann S , Bastian N , Gossage S , Baade D , Cabrera-Ziri I , Da Costa G , de Mink S E , Georgy C , Giesers B , Göttgens F , Hilker M , Husser T-O , Lardo C , Larsen S S , Mackey D , Martocchia S , Mucciarelli A , Platais I , Roth M M , Salaris M , Usher C , Yong D 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed study of stellar rotation in the massive 1.5 Gyr old cluster NGC 1846 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Similar to other clusters at this age, NGC 1846 shows an extended main-sequence turn-off (eMSTO), and previous photometric studies have suggested it could be bimodal. In this study, we use MUSE integral-field spectroscopy to measure the projected rotational velocities (vsin i) of around $1400$ stars across the eMSTO and along the upper main sequence of NGC 1846. We measure vsin i values up to $\sim 250\, {\rm km\, s^{-1}}$ and find a clear relation between the vsin i of a star and its location across the eMSTO. Closer inspection of the distribution of rotation rates reveals evidence for a bimodal distribution, with the fast rotators centred around $v\sin i=140\, {\rm km\, s^{-1}}$ and the slow rotators centred around $v\sin i=60\, {\rm km\, s^{-1}}$. We further observe a lack of fast rotating stars along the photometric binary sequence of NGC 1846, confirming results from the field that suggest that tidal interactions in binary systems can spin-down stars. However, we do not detect a significant difference in the binary fractions of the fast and slowly rotating sub-populations. Finally, we report on the serendipitous discovery of a planetary nebula associated with NGC 1846.
Measuring the temperature and profiles of Ly α absorbers
Authors: Garzilli Antonella , Theuns Tom , Schaye Joop 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The distribution of the absorption line broadening observed in the Ly α forest carries information about the temperature, T, and widths, λF, of the filaments in the intergalactic medium (IGM), and the background hydrogen photoionization rate, $\Gamma _{\rm H\, \small {I}}$. In this work, we present and test a new method for inferring T and λF and $\Gamma _{\rm H\, \small {I}}$ from combining the distribution of the absorption line broadening and the median flux. The method accounts for any underlying degeneracies. We apply our method to mock spectra from the reference model of the EAGLE cosmological simulation, and we demonstrate that we are able to reconstruct the IGM properties.