bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small intestinal glucose and sodium absorption through calcium‐induced calcium release and store‐operated Ca2+ entry mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Fenglian , Wan Hanxing , Chu Fenglan , Lu Cheng , Chen Jun , Dong Hui 
Published: October 2020

Background and PurposeLuminal glucose enhances intestinal Ca2+ absorption through apical Cav1.3 channels necessary for GLUT2‐mediated glucose absorption. As these reciprocal mechanisms are not well understood, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of intestinal [Ca2+]cyt and SGLT1‐mediated Na+‐glucose co‐transports.Experimental ApproachGlucose absorption and channel expression were examined in mouse upper jejunal epithelium using an Ussing chamber, immunocytochemistry and Ca2+ and Na+ imaging in single intestinal epithelial cells.Key ResultsGlucose induced jejunal Isc via Na+‐glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) operated more efficiently in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. A crosstalk between luminal Ca2+ entry via plasma Cav1.3 channels and the ER Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptor (RYR) activation in small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) or Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release (CICR) mechanism was involve in Ca2+‐mediated jejunal glucose absorption. The ER Ca2+ release through RyR triggered basolateral Ca2+ entry or store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanism and the subsequent Ca2+ entry via Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) were found to be critical in Na+‐glucose cotransporter‐mediated glucose absorption. Blocking RyR, SOCE and NCX1 inhibited glucose induced [Na+]cyt and [Ca2+]cyt in single IEC and protein expression and co‐localization of STIM1/Orai1, RyR1 and NCX1 were detected in IEC and jejunal mucosa.Conclusion and ImplicationsLuminal Ca2+ influx through Cav1.3 triggers the CICR through RyR1 to deplete the ER Ca2+, which induces the basolateral STIM1/Orai1‐mediated SOCE mechanism and the subsequent Ca2+ entry via NCX1 to regulate intestinal glucose uptake via Ca2+ signalling. Targeting these mechanisms in IEC may help to modulate blood glucose and sodium in the metabolic disease.
Zafirlukast is a broad‐spectrum thiol isomerase inhibitor that inhibits thrombosis without altering bleeding times
Authors: Holbrook Lisa‐Marie , Keeton Shirley J. , Sasikumar Parvathy , Nock Sophie , Gelzinis Justine , Brunt Elizabeth , Ryan Sarah , Pantos Megan M. , Verbetsky Christina A. , Gibbins Jonathan M. , Kennedy Daniel R. 
Published: October 2020

Background and PurposeMultiple members of the thiol isomerase (TI) family of enzymes are present in and released by platelets. Inhibition of these enzymes results in diminished platelet responses, aggregation, adhesion and thrombus formation. Recently, the therapeutic potential of TI inhibition has been recognised and drug‐development technologies were used to identify selective small molecule inhibitors. To date, few pan‐TI inhibitors have been characterised and the most studied, bacitracin, is known to be nephrotoxic, which prohibits its systemic therapeutic usage.Experimental ApproachWe therefore sought to identify novel broad‐spectrum inhibitors of these enzymes and test their effects in vivo. A total of 3,641 compounds were screened for inhibitory effects on the redox activity of ERp5, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), ERp57, ERp72 and thioredoxin in an insulin turbidity assay. Of the lead compounds identified, zafirlukast was selected for further investigation.Key ResultsWhen applied to platelets, zafirlukast diminished platelet responses in vitro. Zafirlukast was antithrombotic in murine models of thrombosis but did not impair responses in a model of haemostasis. Since TIs are known to modulate adhesion receptor function, we explored the effects of zafirlukast on cell migration. This was inhibited independently of cysteinyl LT receptor expression and was associated with modulation of cell‐surface free thiol levels consistent with alterations in redox activity on the cell surface.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe identify zafirlukast to be a novel, potent, broad‐spectrum TI inhibitor, with wide‐ranging effects on platelet function, thrombosis and integrin‐mediated cell migration. Zafirlukast is antithrombotic but does not cause bleeding.
Eosinophil prognostic scores for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab
Authors: Nishikawa Daisuke , Suzuki Hidenori , Beppu Shintaro , Terada Hoshino , Sawabe Michi , Kadowaki Shigenori , Sone Michihiko , Hanai Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough nivolumab, a programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) inhibitor, is a standard therapy for platinum‐refractory recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), no definitive biomarkers have been reported thus far. This study aimed to select promising prognostic markers in nivolumab therapy and to create a novel prognostic scoring system. In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed patients with R/M HNSCC who were treated with nivolumab from April 2017 to April 2019. We developed a prognostic score for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy that was weighed using hazard ratio–based scoring algorithms. Significant variables were selected from the multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses on overall survival (OS). A total of 85 patients with HNSCC were analyzed in the present study. The relative eosinophil count (REC), the ratio of eosinophil increase (REI), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) were selected as variables affecting the prognostic score. The patients were divided into four groups: very good (score = 0), good (score = 1), intermediate (score = 2), and poor (score = 3). The OS hazard ratios were 2.77, 10.18, and 33.21 for the good, intermediate, and poor risk groups compared with the very good risk group, respectively. The Eosinophil Prognostic Score is a novel prognostic score that is effective for predicting the prognosis of HNSCC patients treated with nivolumab. This score is more precise as it includes changes in biomarkers before and after the treatment.
Rectus femoris transfer in children with cerebral palsy: comparing a propensity score‐matched observational study to a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schwartz Michael H , Ries Andrew J 
Published: October 2020

AimTo test whether an observational study employing propensity score matching could accurately estimate the causal treatment effects of rectus femoris transfer (RFT) as part of single‐event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.MethodWe used a large clinical database to derive a propensity score for treatment assignment (SEMLS±RFT) and used this score to generate a matched patient cohort. We compared the causal treatment effects estimated from this matched cohort with a previously published randomized controlled trial (RCT).ResultsThe treated arms of the observational study and RCT were well matched. There were 129 limbs (81 males) with a mean age of 10 years 7 months (4y 7mo) in the treated arm of the observational study, and 129 limbs (68 males) with a mean age of 10 years 2 months (3y 9mo) in the control arm of the observational study. Differences between the observational study and RCT cohorts were clinically meaningless for knee flexion kinematics (1–4°), timing of knee angle extrema (<3% gait cycle), and speed (<5mm/s). Postoperative changes in the observational study matched those from the RCT. All but one of the observational study confidence intervals were completely contained within the corresponding RCT confidence interval; there were no meaningful differences in magnitude or sign of key outcomes related to stiff knee gait.InterpretationPropensity score matching is an accurate method for estimating the causal treatment effects of RFT as part of an SEMLS. It seems reasonable to extend this approach to other common components of SEMLS treatment in this population.What this paper adds

Propensity score matching is an accurate method for estimating the causal treatment effects of rectus femoris transfer (RFT) in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP).

The causal treatment effects for RFT surgery in ambulatory children diagnosed with CP were validated.
Risk navigation for Thinking and Working Politically: The work and disappearance of Sombath Somphone
Authors: Sims Kearrin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMotivationOn December 15, 2012 Sombath Somphone was abducted at a police checkpoint in his home city of Vientiane, the capital of Laos; his whereabouts remain unknown. This article considers his work and disappearance through the lens of Thinking and Working Politically (TWP) approaches to development. The article is supportive of TWP, but emphasizes the significant risks of politicized programming in authoritarian contexts.PurposeBy examining the case of Sombath Somphone, the article seeks to offer insights for safer, and more effective, TWP programming. It considers how specific events in authoritarian contexts can suddenly reposition development workers and/or organizations as political dissidents.Approaches and MethodsThe argument draws on analysis of grey literature; conversational and observational knowledge accrued during 18 months of fieldwork in Laos between 2011 and 2018; on‐going formal and informal interviews with members of Laos’ civil society sector; and extensive dialogue with Sombath Somphone’s wife, Ng Shui Meng.FindingsThe article identifies four key factors that contributed to the enforced disappearance of Sombath Somphone: international exposure; timing; particular elites; and strategies of oppression. It highlights the need for further consideration of how to anticipate and mitigate the dangers of politically oriented development work, as well as the different forms of risk experienced by local and international development actors working in authoritarian contexts.Policy ImplicationsTWP has much to offer to development practice, but its contributions should not threaten the safety of local development actors. More attention must be given to preventing and mitigating such risks.
Assessment of biventricular function by three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography in clinically well pediatric heart transplantation patients
Authors: Lv Qing , Li Meng , Li He , Wu Chun , Dong Nianguo , Li Yuman , Zhang Li , Xie Mingxing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe biventricular function plays an important role in the prognosis of pediatric heart transplantation (HTx) patients. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the biventricular function of pediatric HTx patients by three‐dimensional (3D) speckle‐tracking echocardiography (3D‐STE).MethodsWe enrolled 30 clinically well pediatric HTx patients and 30 healthy controls with a similar distribution of sex and age to the HTx. All participants underwent comprehensive two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D echocardiography. Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), left and right ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF and RVEF, respectively), and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RV FWLS) were acquired by 3D‐STE. Moreover, the correlations between strains and clinical data were explored.ResultsCompared with controls, LV GLS was decreased in pediatric HTx patients (P < .05), while LV GCS and LVEF showed no difference. LV GLS showed a weak correlation with cold ischemic time in HTx group (r = 0.396, P < .05). Meanwhile, RVEF and RV FWLS were significantly lower in the HTx group (P < .05). In the HTx group, RV FWLS showed a weak correlation with the preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.420, P < .05) and postoperative pulmonary artery systolic pressure (r = 0.465, P < .05).ConclusionThe 3D‐biventricular mechanical functions were decreased in clinically well pediatric HTx patients. The provided characteristics and appropriate normal values of biventricular mechanical functions can be the basis in subsequent studies in the pediatric HTx patients.
Morphological matching and phenological overlap promote niche partitioning and shape a mutualistic plant–hawkmoth network
Authors: Lautenschleger Andreza , Vizentin‐Bugoni Jeferson , Cavalheiro Lis B. , Iserhard Cristiano A. 
Published: October 2020

1. Species interact with one another in communities forming complex interaction networks which are shaped by multiple non‐exclusive processes. Although plant–hawkmoth interactions have been studied for over a century, how processes underlying species' specialisation influence community‐level patterns of niche partitioning and contribute to the emergence of network structures remains poorly investigated.2. This study described a mutualistic plant–hawkmoth network sampled for 18 consecutive months in Southern Brazil and tested (i) whether it presents modular and/or nested structures and (ii) what drivers (morphologies, phenologies, or abundances) are more important in defining interaction intensities.3. Network structure was modular, presenting three distinct modules, and had a nestedness value lower than null model expectations. Interaction frequencies were primarily defined by morphological matching and phenological overlap but were not importantly influenced by species' relative abundances. Module composition reinforced the importance of morphological matching, as well as barriers imposed by morphology, and also suggested that modularity may be a consequence of other factors, such as timing between hawkmoth flight period and plants' anthesis.4. This study's data contribute to filling the shortage of plant‐centred interaction networks involving hawkmoths and plants and reveal that modularity emerges likely as a consequence of processes thought to shape niche partitioning in this system, as well as in other pollination networks. The findings of this study are in agreement with the neutral‐niche continuum model, which predicts that, in systems with high trait functional variation (morphologies and phenologies in this case), niche‐based processes such as trait matching must be relatively more important than abundances as drivers of interspecific interactions.
Effect of allelopathy on plant performance: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Liu Yanjie , Yuan Ling , Weber Ewald , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAllelopathy (i.e. chemical interactions between plants) is known to affect individual performance, community structure and plant invasions. Yet, a quantitative synthesis is lacking. Here, we performed a meta‐analysis of 384 studies that measured allelopathic effects of one species (allelopathy plant) on another species or itself (test plant). Overall, allelopathy reduced plant performance by 25%, but the variation in allelopathy was high. The type of method affected the allelopathic effect: compared to leachates, allelopathy was more negative when residues of allelopathy plants were applied, and less negative when soil conditioned by allelopathy plants was applied. The negative effects of allelopathy diminished with study duration, and increased with concentrations of leachates or residues. Although allelopathy was not significantly related to lifespan, life form or domestication of the interacting plants, it became more negative with increasing phylogenetic distance. Moreover, native plants suffered more from leachates of naturalised alien plants than from leachates of other native plants. Our synthesis reveals that allelopathy could contribute to success of alien plants. The negative relationship between phylogenetic distance and allelopathy indicates that allelopathy might contribute to coexistence of closely related species (i.e. convergence) or dominance of single species.
Whispering dysphonia in TUBB4A‐related disorders responsive to bipallidal deep brain stimulation
Authors: Delorme Cécile , Roze Emmanuel , Karachi Carine , Vidailhet Marie , Hainque Elodie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMutations in TUBB4A are associated with a wide phenotypic spectrum including generalized dystonia with whispering dysphonia (DYT‐TUBB4A).MethodsWe report the case of a 44‐year‐old patient with DYT‐TUBB4A with a clinical presentation of disabling progressive dystonia, with a prominent laryngeal, cervical and facial involvement.ResultsBipallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) resulted in a 55% reduction of dystonia severity assessed by the Burke–Fahn−Marsden scale score 6 months after surgery. The effect was obvious on the cervical and facial components of dystonia.ConclusionWe suggest that bipallidal DBS should be considered in patients with disabling dystonia related to TUBB4A variants.
Institutional investor sentiment and aggregate stock returns
Authors: Gao Xiang , Gu Chen , Koedijk Kees 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the equity market return predictability of institutional investor sentiment, in comparison to individual investor sentiment. Our findings suggest that institutional traders are informed and that their sentiment helps to tilt stock prices towards the intrinsic value. This is because the sentiment of institutions encompasses news regarding expectations on future cash flows of underlying firms that impounds itself into future price expectations. In this study, we add to the large number of studies that investigate the role and implications of investor sentiment, which has long been viewed as a pure behavioural phenomenon, on market efficiency and price discovery.
A global analysis of complexity–biodiversity relationships on marine artificial structures
Authors: Strain Elisabeth M. A. , Steinberg Peter D. , Vozzo Maria , Johnston Emma L. , Abbiati Marco , Aguilera Moises A. , Airoldi Laura , Aguirre J. David , Ashton Gail , Bernardi Maritina , Brooks Paul , Chan Benny K. K. , Cheah Chee B. , Chee Su Yin , Coutinho Ricardo , Crowe Tasman , Davey Adam , Firth Louise B. , Fraser Clarissa , Hanley Mick E. , Hawkins Stephen J. , Knick Kathleen E. , Lau Edward T. C. , Leung Kenneth M. Y. , McKenzie Connor , Macleod Catriona , Mafanya Sandisiwe , Mancuso Francesco P. , Messano Luciana V. R. , Naval‐Xavier Lais P. D. , Ng Terrence P. T. , O'Shaughnessy Kathryn A. , Pattrick Paula , Perkins Mathew J. , Perkol‐Finkel Shimrit , Porri Francesca , Ross Donald J. , Ruiz Gregory , Sella Ido , Seitz Rochelle , Shirazi Raviv , Thiel Martin , Thompson Richard C. , Yee Jean C. , Zabin Chela , Bishop Melanie J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTopographic complexity is widely accepted as a key driver of biodiversity, but at the patch‐scale, complexity–biodiversity relationships may vary spatially and temporally according to the environmental stressors complexity mitigates, and the species richness and identity of potential colonists. Using a manipulative experiment, we assessed spatial variation in patch‐scale effects of complexity on intertidal biodiversity.Location27 sites within 14 estuaries/bays distributed globally.Time period2015–2017.Major taxa studiedFunctional groups of algae, sessile and mobile invertebrates.MethodsConcrete tiles of differing complexity (flat; 2.5‐cm or 5‐cm complex) were affixed at low–high intertidal elevation on coastal defence structures, and the richness and abundance of the colonizing taxa were quantified after 12 months.ResultsThe patch‐scale effects of complexity varied spatially and among functional groups. Complexity had neutral to positive effects on total, invertebrate and algal taxa richness, and invertebrate abundances. However, effects on the abundance of algae ranged from positive to negative, depending on location and functional group. The tidal elevation at which tiles were placed accounted for some variation. The total and invertebrate richness were greater at low or mid than at high intertidal elevations. Latitude was also an important source of spatial variation, with the effects of complexity on total richness and mobile mollusc abundance greatest at lower latitudes, whilst the cover of sessile invertebrates and sessile molluscs responded most strongly to complexity at higher latitudes.ConclusionsAfter 12 months, patch‐scale relationships between biodiversity and habitat complexity were not universally positive. Instead, the relationship varied among functional groups and according to local abiotic and biotic conditions. This result challenges the assumption that effects of complexity on biodiversity are universally positive. The variable effect of complexity has ramifications for community and applied ecology, including eco‐engineering and restoration that seek to bolster biodiversity through the addition of complexity.
Tourmaline Reference Materials for the In Situ Analysis of Oxygen and Lithium Isotope Ratio Compositions
Authors: Wiedenbeck Michael , Trumbull Robert B. , Rosner Martin , Boyce Adrian , Fournelle John H. , Franchi Ian A. , Halama Ralf , Harris Chris , Lacey Jack H. , Marschall Horst , Meixner Anette , Pack Andreas , Pogge von Strandmann Philip A.E. , Spicuzza Michael J. , Valley John W. , Wilke Franziska D.H. 
Published: October 2020

Three tourmaline reference materials sourced from the Harvard Mineralogical and Geological Museum (schorl 112566, dravite 108796 and elbaite 98144), which are already widely used for the calibration of in situ boron isotope measurements, are characterised here for their oxygen and lithium isotope compositions. Homogeneity tests by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) showed that at sub‐nanogram test portion masses, their 18O/16O and 7Li/6Li isotope ratios are constant within ± 0.27‰ and ± 2.2‰ (1s), respectively. The lithium mass fractions of the three materials vary over three orders of magnitude. SIMS homogeneity tests showed variations in 7Li/28Si between 8% and 14% (1s), which provides a measure of the heterogeneity of the Li contents in these three materials. Here, we provide recommended values for δ18O, Δ’17O and δ7Li for the three Harvard tourmaline reference materials based on results from bulk mineral analyses from multiple, independent laboratories using laser‐ and stepwise fluorination gas mass spectrometry (for O), and solution multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectroscopy (for Li). These bulk data also allow us to assess the degree of inter‐laboratory bias that might be present in such data sets. This work also re‐evaluates the major element chemical composition of the materials by electron probe microanalysis and investigates these presence of a chemical matrix effect on SIMS instrumental mass fractionation with regard to δ18O determinations, which was found to be < 1.6‰ between these three materials. The final table presented here provides a summary of the isotope ratio values that we have determined for these three materials. Depending on their starting mass, either 128 or 512 splits have been produced of each material, assuring their availability for many years into the future.