bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya
Authors: Adema Irene Wangwa , Kamau Everlyn , Uchi Nyiro Joyce , Otieno Grieven P. , Lewa Clement , Munywoki Patrick K. , Nokes D. James 
Published: September 2020

Background: Respiratory viruses are primary agents of respiratory tract diseases. Knowledge on the types and frequency of respiratory viruses affecting school-children is important in determining the role of schools in transmission in the community and identifying targets for interventions. Methods: We conducted a one-year (term-time) surveillance of respiratory viruses in a rural primary school in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya between May 2017 and April 2018. A sample of 60 students with symptoms of ARI were targeted for nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) collection weekly. Swabs were screened for 15 respiratory virus targets using real time PCR diagnostics. Data from respiratory virus surveillance at the local primary healthcare facility was used for comparison. Results: Overall, 469 students aged 2-19 years were followed up for 220 days. A total of 1726 samples were collected from 325 symptomatic students; median age of 7 years (IQR 5-11). At least one virus target was detected in 384 (22%) of the samples with a frequency of 288 (16.7%) for rhinovirus, 47 (2.7%) parainfluenza virus, 35 (2.0%) coronavirus, 15 (0.9%) adenovirus, 11 (0.6%) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 5 (0.3%) influenza virus. The proportion of virus positive samples was higher among lower grades compared to upper grades (25.9% vs 17.5% respectively; χ2 = 17.2, P -value <0.001). Individual virus target frequencies did not differ by age, sex, grade, school term or class size. Rhinovirus was predominant in both the school and outpatient setting. Conclusion: Multiple respiratory viruses circulated in this rural school population. Rhinovirus was dominant in both the school and outpatient setting and RSV was of notably low frequency in the school. The role of school children in transmitting viruses to the household setting is still unclear and further studies linking molecular data to contact patterns between the school children and their households are required.
Hip fractures in centenarians: a multicentre review of outcomes
Authors: Barrett-Lee J , Barbur S , Johns J , Pearce J , Elliot RR 
Published: September 2020

Introduction Advances in healthcare have resulted in an increasing UK population, with the proportion of elderly individuals expanding significantly, including centenarians. Hospitals can expect to see growing numbers of so-called ‘super-elderly’ patients with trauma, a majority of whom will have hip fractures. We performed a multicentre review of hip fracture outcomes in centenarians to assess whether being an outlier in age correlates with poorer prognosis. Methods Centenarians admitted to Basingstoke, Southampton, Dorset, and Salisbury district hospitals with hip fractures between January 2014 and June 2019 were included. Electronic records were searched to obtain demographics, functional status, and admission details. Results A total of 60 centenarians were included, with a median age of 101 years (range 100–108 years), 85% of whom were female; 29 were admitted from their own home or sheltered housing and 31 from nursing or residential care; 33 had some outdoor mobility, 26 only mobilised indoors, and 1 had no mobility. Common comorbidities were renal and heart disease and dementia. Of the total, 56 underwent surgery, 51 within 36 hours. In terms of accommodation, 63.4% returned to their pre-injury level of independence. At 30 days, three months, and one year, mortality rates were 27% (n = 16), 40% (n = 24) and 55% (n = 33), respectively. Conclusion Trauma in the elderly population is an area of growing interest, yet few studies address centenarians with hip fractures. This work demonstrates that mortality rates within one year of injury were high, but almost half survived beyond a year. Two-thirds of patients regained their pre-injury level of independence, suggesting that functional recovery may not be as poor as previously reported.
Integer Representation of Floating-Point Manipulation with Float Twice
Authors: Kurniawan Wakhid , Ardiansyah Hafizd , Oktavianita Annisa Dwi , Tahe Mr. Fitree 
Published: September 2020

In the programming world, understanding floating point is not easy, especially if there are floating point and bit-level interactions. Although there are currently many libraries to simplify the computation process, still many programmers today who do not really understand how the floating point manipulation process. Therefore, this paper aims to provide insight into how to manipulate IEEE-754 32-bit floating point with different representation of results, which are integers and code rules of float twice. The method used is a literature review, adopting a float-twice prototype using C programming. The results of this study are applications that can be used to represent integers of floating-point manipulation by adopting a float-twice prototype. Using the application programmers make it easy for programmers to determine the type of program data to be developed, especially those running on 32 bits floating point (Single Precision).
In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids
Authors: Niemann Janetta , Szwarc Justyna , Bocianowski Jan , Weigt Dorota , Mrówczyński Marek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRapeseed (Brassica napus) can be attacked by a wide range of pests, for example, cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae). One of the best methods of pest management is breeding for insect resistance in rapeseed. Wild genotypes of Brassicaceae and rapeseed cultivars can be used as a source of resistance. In 2017, 2018, and 2019, field trials were performed to assess the level of resistance to D. radicum and B. brassicae within 53 registered rapeseed cultivars and 31 interspecific hybrid combinations originating from the resources of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Poznań University of Life Sciences (PULS). The level of resistance varied among genotypes and years. Only one hybrid combination and two B. napus cultivars maintained high level of resistance in all tested years, i.e., B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649096, Galileus, and Markolo. The results of this research indicate that resistance to insects is present in Brassicaceae family and can be transferred to rapeseed cultivars. The importance of continuous improvement of rapeseed pest resistance and the search for new sources of resistance is discussed; furthermore, plans for future investigations are presented.
“As quiet as a mouse”: Media use in Azerbaijan
Authors: Seyidov Ilgar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During the Soviet period, the media served as one of the main propagandist tools of the authoritarian regime, using a standardized and monotype media system across the Soviet Republics. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, 15 countries became independent. The transition from Soviet communism to capitalism has led to the reconstruction of economic, socio-cultural, and political systems. One of the most affected institutions in post-Soviet countries was the media. Media have played a supportive role during rough times, when there was, on the one hand, the struggle for liberation and sovereignty, and, on the other hand, the need for nation building. It has been almost 30 years since the Soviet Republics achieved independence, yet the media have not been freed from political control and continue to serve as ideological apparatuses of authoritarian regimes in post-Soviet countries. Freedom of speech and independent media are still under threat. The current study focuses on media use in Azerbaijan, one of the under-researched post-Soviet countries. The interviews for this study were conducted with 40 participants living in Nakhichevan and Baku. In-depth, semi-structured interview techniques were used as research method. Findings are discussed under six main themes in the conclusion.
The fluid-solid interaction scattering problem with unknown buried objects
Authors: Xiang Jianli , Yan Guozheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Consider the direct and inverse scattering problem of time harmonic acoustic waves by a two-dimensional elastic obstacle which contains an unknown impenetrable object inside.
We apply the boundary integral equation method to solve the direct scattering problem.
Since the obtained boundary integral system is a mixed form of scalar and vector equations, we consider the existence of the solution in the sense of a weak formulation.
The factorization method is employed to solve the corresponding inverse scattering problem, that is, we try to recover the shape of the interaction surface from the knowledge of acoustic far-field patterns.
With the help of a special data to pattern operator G, we can reconstruct the shape of the interaction surface by using the classical factorization method.
Furthermore, a new mixed reciprocity relation is proposed to show the relation between the interior elastic field and unitary matrix

𝒮

{\mathcal{S}}

.
A General Frequency Domain Estimation Method for Gegenbauer Processes
Authors: Hunt Richard , Peiris Shelton , Weber Neville 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper a new method for estimation of all the parameters of a k-factor Gegenbauer process is developed using a broadband nonlinear least-squares regression technique in the frequency-domain, with similarities to a Whittle estimator. Simulation studies where the underlying distribution is symmetric suggest that while the new method may have a slightly lower level of accuracy than existing methods (Whittle, conditional sum-of-squares), it can improve the accuracy in determining the values for the short-memory parameters of highly skewed non-Gaussian data (e.g., χ
2), while having the added advantage of being evaluated considerably faster. In a supplementary addendum we provide some theoretical results under a Gaussian assumption.
Culminating and non-culminating accomplishments in Malagasy
Authors: Paul Ileana , Ralalaoherivony Baholisoa Simone , de Swart Henriëtte 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMalagasy is a language with non-culminating accomplishments. There is, however, a specific prefix (maha-), which appears to entail culmination. Moreover, verbs prefixed withmaha- display a range of interpretations: causative, abilitive, ‘manage to’, and unintentionality. This paper accounts for these two aspects of this prefix with a unified semantic analysis. In particular,maha-encodes double prevention. The double prevention configuration is associated with a circumstantial modal base, which leads to culminating readings in the past and future, but not the present tense. The embedding of double prevention in a force-theoretic framework leads to a more fine-grained theory of causation, which the Malagasy data show to have empirical relevance.
Unentdeckte Straftaten aus konstruktivistischer Sicht – ein Beitrag zum Verständnis des Dunkelfeldes
Authors: Kunz Karl-Ludwig 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Sind Vorgänge, welche den Instanzen der Strafverfolgung unbemerkt bleiben, »Kriminalität«? Der Beitrag thematisiert die Beantwortung dieser Frage aus der Position des philosophischen Konstruktivismus und reflektiert das Konzept des »Dunkelfeldes der Kriminalität«.
Antimuslimische Einstellungen in der Polizei?
Authors: Kemme Stefanie , Essien Iniobong , Stelter Marleen 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungAntimuslimische Einstellungen, die in Zusammenhang mit diskriminierenden und gruppenbezogenen menschenfeindlichen Übergriffen gebracht werden, sind besonders verheerend für die Polizei. Immer wieder gerät die Polizei in den Verdacht, auf dem »rechten« Auge blind zu sein. In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse einer Befragung an Kommissaranwärterinnen und -anwärtern (N = 364) vorgestellt, die 2016 und 2017 an der Hochschule der Akademie der Polizei Hamburg durchgeführt wurde. Die Studie berichtet Befunde zu selbstberichteter Kontakthäufigkeit und -qualität mit als muslimisch wahrgenommenen Menschen im privaten und beruflichen Bereich und deren Zusammenhänge mit Vorurteilen und Stereotypen gegenüber Muslimen. Insgesamt berichten die Befragten negative Stereotype gegenüber als muslimisch wahrgenommenen Männern sowie Dehumanisierungstendenzen gegenüber Muslimen. Jedoch weisen sie nicht substanziell negativere Vorurteile gegenüber Muslimen auf als die Allgemeinbevölkerung. Während selbstberichtete berufliche Kontakte mit als muslimisch wahrgenommenen Menschen mit stärkeren selbstberichteten Vorurteilen und negativeren Stereotypen in Zusammenhang stehen, stehen selbstberichtete positive und private Kontakte mit geringeren Vorurteilen und weniger negativen Stereotypen in Zusammenhang. Interaktionen zwischen selbstberichteten privaten und beruflichen Kontakten werden ebenso wie die Rolle der Sozialen Dominanzorientierung untersucht und praktische Implikationen der Erkenntnisse diskutiert.
Optogenetic analyses of neuronal networks that generate behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gottschalk Alexander 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In compact brains, circuits consisting of few neurons fulfill functions of entire brain systems in mammals. Thus, studying these small circuits can provide insights and guidelines also for the study of the human brain. We developed methods and approaches to use optogenetics in the nervous and neuromuscular system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. These include single-cell expression and/or photoactivation of optogenetic tools, to control the function of individual neurons, and behavioral, electrophysiological or electron microscopic analyses of circuit function and synaptic transmission. We studied a number of circuits involved in locomotion, navigation and food searching; we addressed new genes in synaptic vesicle recycling, and we identified a novel pathway of neuromodulatory presynaptic plasticity. In our laboratory, support by the Schram foundation allowed me to explore new avenues of research especially during the early years of my career.
Effects of metal ions and wood pitch on retention and physical properties of TMP
Authors: Lu Xiaomin , Sundberg Anna , Strand Anders , Hubbe Martin A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The influence of metal ions,

Ca

2
+

{\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}}

and

Mg

2
+

{\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}}

, on wood pitch retention at pH 8 was studied by investigating the pitch content of TMP-papers using both short- and long-column gas chromatography (GC). The effects of two different drying methods, air-drying and freeze-drying, on pitch retention were also compared in this work. The pitch emulsion was prepared with fatty acids, resin acids, and triglycerides at a certain ratio to simulate the pitch composition in closed water system in paper mill. At increasing pH, some of the resin and fatty acids will dissolve into the water phase as metal soaps. In this work, the retention of colloidal pitch in TMP-papers by metal ions at pH 8 was determined. The amount of 5 mM metal ions was found to retain more pitch. The tensile index decreased by the addition of metal ions, and the decrease became more pronounced as the increase of the metal ions concentration. Besides, the hydrophobicity of handsheets was found being changed only a little, which might because the morphology and pitch retained on the surface both affected the hydrophobicity.
Will COVID-19 Cause a War? Understanding the Case of the U.S. and China
Authors: Bapat Navin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study analyzes the possibility that COVID-19 will increase the risk of a military conflict between the United States and People’s Republic of China. The mechanism is that COVID-19 weakens American economic output, which undermines the U.S. capability to project force. This enables China’s efforts to revise the status quo. Although a rapid collapse of American power due to COVID-19 would theoretically increase the likelihood of an armed conflict, this scenario is unlikely due to the centrality of the U.S. dollar in the global financial system. I therefore argue that COVID-19 increases the short term risk of military crises, particularly in the South China Sea and Persian Gulf, but does not significantly increase the likelihood of a power transition and full scale war. However, the long term depends on the ability of the U.S. to respond adequately to the COVID-19 crisis.
Die Corona-Krise: Eine politökonomische Betrachtung
Authors: Zweifel Peter 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Zur Überraschung vieler Beobachter haben im Zuge der Corona-Krise sonst freiheitsliebende Bürger die zur Eindämmung der Pandemie verhängten Einschränkungen in der Ausübung ihrer Rechte sowie die massive Ausweitung des öffentlichen Sektors hingenommen oder sogar begrüßt. Umgekehrt wurden Regierungen, die sich passiv verhielten, scharf kritisiert. Peter Zweifel hat sich in diesem Beitrag das Ziel gesetzt, den Wandel in der Interaktion zwischen den Bürgern und ihrer Regierung in Folge einer neuen Gesundheitsbedrohung zu modellieren. Es zeigt sich, dass ein entscheidender Einfluss von der Zunahme der Zahlungsbereitschaft für eine Risikosenkung ausgeht.
Validity of the Expectations Hypothesis of the Term Structure of Interest Rates: The Case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Harrathi Nizar , Alhoshan Hamed M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We examine and test the validity of the expectation hypothesis of the term structure (EHTS) of interest rates in Saudi Arabia using the traditional single equation approach, Campbell and Shiller methodology, Error Correction Model, and monthly data over the period June 1983 to December 2014. The results of the single equation approach indicate that the test of validity of the expectation hypothesis cannot be rejected for all maturities. We also find that the validity of the EHTS of interest rates is supported through the stationarity of the term spreads between short- and long-term interest rates. Moreover, the cointegration test reveals the existence of a cointegration relationship between short- and long-term interest with

(

1
−
1

)

$\left(1-1\right)$

cointegrating vector, suggesting the validity EHTS of interest rates. Policy implications based on the empirical results suggest that the transparency of monetary policy in Saudi Arabia and the effective role of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) in conducting monetary policy increase the predictive power of market participants of future movements of short-term interest rates.
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder in adult patients with chronic pain
Authors: Stålnacke Clara , Ganzer Niels , Liv Per , Wänman Anders , Lövgren Anna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Chronic pain patients often suffer in multiple locations. In health care, examinations of bodily pain usually do not include questions about temporomandibular disorders (TMD); hence TMD symptoms and potential comorbidities are not regularly assessed. Therefore, the primary aim was to evaluate the prevalence of TMD in patients referred to a pain rehabilitation clinic, and the secondary aim was to evaluate possible factors associated with TMD symptoms.

Methods
Consecutive chronic pain patients referred to the Pain Rehabilitation Clinic at the Umeå University Hospital in Sweden were included. TMD symptoms were assessed using three valid screening questions – 3Q/TMD. Pain sites, emotional distress, kinesiophobia, and demographics were obtained from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation.

Results
In total, 188 (144 women) chronic pain patients (mean age 41.8 years) were included. Of these, 123 (96 women) answered affirmatively to at least one of the 3Q/TMD. The relative risk of TMD symptoms among the patients with chronic pain, in comparison to the general population, was 7.1 (95% CI 5.9–8.4). Age was the only independent variable associated with TMD among the patients (p = 0.018).

Conclusions
The prevalence of TMD symptoms was higher in a chronic pain population compared to the general population. The 3Q/TMD questionnaire could be a suitable screening tool at pain rehabilitation clinics to identify patients for further examination of involvement of pain in the trigeminal region. Our results reinforce the clinical importance of paying attention to concurrent widespread pain and local TMD symptoms.
Late infantile form of multiple sulfatase deficiency
Authors: Mohammadian Khonsari Nami , Hakak-Zargar Benyamin , Voth Tessa , Noorian Shahab 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) that results in the accumulation of sulfate esters which go on to cause neurological deterioration and mental delay, skin changes, and dysmorphism. The disease can be categorized into three subtypes based on the age of onset: neonatal, late infantile, or juvenile. Our patient is a 2.5-year-old girl, the only child of a healthy couple. Prior to the presentation of the disease, she had not been noted to have any previous health complications. The condition began at the age of 6 months with developmental regression and global hypotonia. Following thorough evaluation and testing, the patient was diagnosed with severe late infantile MSD, although some features, such as minimal mental deterioration, minimal dysmorphic facial features, and minimal organ enlargement, did not fully correlate with the diagnosis, since in cases of severe forms of the condition these features are almost always quite marked. The unexpected minimalism of some of the patient’s MSD signs in spite of the severity of her MSD condition made her case worth further studying.

Learning points:

Treating dermatologic signs and symptoms greatly eased our patient’s discomfort.

We would suggest the use of appropriate supportive treatment for symptom management regardless of the life expectancy of the patient.

As regards the diagnosis of MLD, given that in some cases the patient may present with irregular features of the condition, a genetic evaluation may be useful for accurate diagnosis.

If motor function impairment is followed by dermatologic involvement, as seen in our patient and in many cases in the literature, MSD must be considered, and additional tests should be done to rule it out.
Branding e identidade visual: um estudo de caso a partir da família Schiller
Authors: Yokemura Karissa Harumi , Bandeira Ana da Rosa 
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho, que resume o Trabalho de Conclusão de curso apresentado pela autora no semestre letivo de 2018/1 para o curso de Design Gráfico da UFPel busca evidenciar a partir de um estudo de caso o contexto de um microempreendedor local e o uso de conceitos do design no desenvolvimento potencial do negócio. Na realização do mesmo, usou-se como base do estudo uma família de produtoras rurais do Morro Redondo - RS, a família Schiller, que comercializa produtos artesanais orgânicos na Feira Agroecológica, situada na cidade de Pelotas - RS, além de possuir um empreendimento voltado ao café colonial. Para isso, buscou-se conhecer a empresa, a fim de compreender a parte organizacional e identificar as necessidades da mesma, para enfim explorar conceitos relacionados à área do branding.