bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum Co‐Digestion Ratio of Cattle Manure and Manipueira in a Single‐Stage Anaerobic Digester for Biogas Production
Authors: Ferreira Madeira Jonni Guiller , Mendes de Oliveira Elizabeth , Oliveira de Araújo Vinícius , val Springer Marcus , Lopes Cabral Hosana , Silva Melgaço Heloisa , Oliveira Chaves Yasmim Aparecida , Rosado Fernandes Neto Aldo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that it is necessary to use a two‐stage anaerobic reactor in biogas production with manipueira as a substrate. The objective of this study is to show the possibility of producing good quality biogas from a single‐stage anaerobic reactor using manipueira and cattle manure as substrates. Five scenarios of codigestion are simulated in five digesters with different manipueira/manure ratios. The only digester that has a good result is the digester that is fed with 75% of manipueira and 25% of cattle manure. Under these conditions, biogas is produced with an average methane concentration of 62% the hydraulic retention time of the codigestion process is 30 days. The other digesters show that an excess of manipueira acidifies the codigestion process; such acidification can result in the severe inhibition of methanogenesis because of the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. On the other hand, an excess of cattle manure results in mixtures with a high concentration of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose mixtures, which, negatively influences the growth rate of methanogenic bacteria. Thus, using manipueira as cosubstrate, it is possible to produce a high‐quality biogas in a single‐stage anaerobic reactor.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for Mitochondria‐Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Zhang Guanxin , Zhao Rui , Zhang Deqing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe importance of mitochondria in tumorigenesis makes these organelles an ideal target for cancer therapy. In recent years, luminogens with the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect have been developed for mitochondrial targeting and cancer treatment. The induction of mitochondrial dysfunction can be an effective pathway of chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and combination therapy against cancer. This review focuses on recent progress in the field of AIE luminogens (AIEgens) for cancer theranostics based on mitochondrial targeting and dysfunction. AIEgens for cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and combination therapy, are summarized herein. Molecular design efforts toward mitochondrial targeting and mitochondria‐damaging mechanisms are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of development for AIEgens in mitochondria‐targeted cancer treatment.
Shade trees preserve avian insectivore biodiversity on coffee farms in a warming climate
Authors: Schooler Sarah L. , Johnson Matthew D. , Njoroge Peter , Bean William T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimCoffee is an important export for many developing countries, with a global annual trade value of $100 billion, but it is threatened by a warming climate. Shade trees may mitigate the effects of climate change through temperature regulation that can aid in coffee growth, slow pest reproduction, and sustain avian insectivore diversity. The impact of shade on bird diversity and microclimate on coffee farms has been studied extensively in the Neotropics, but there is a dearth of research in the Paleotropics.LocationEast Africa.MethodsWe created current and future regional Maxent models for avian insectivores in East Africa using Worldclim temperature data and observations from the Global Biodiversity Information Database. We then adjusted current and future bioclimatic layers based on mean differences in temperature between shade and sun coffee farms and projected the models using these adjusted layers to predict the impact of shade tree removal on climatic suitability for avian insectivores.ResultsExisting Worldclim temperature layers more closely matched temperatures under shade trees than temperatures in the open. Removal of shade trees, through warmer temperatures alone, would result in reduction of avian insectivore species by over 25%, a loss equivalent to 50 years of climate change under the most optimistic emissions scenario. Under the most extreme climate scenario and removal of shade trees, insectivore richness is projected to decline from a mean of 38 to fewer than 8 avian insectivore species.Main conclusionsWe found that shade trees on coffee farms already provide important cooler microclimates for avian insectivores. Future temperatures will become a regionally limiting factor for bird distribution in East Africa, which could negatively impact control of coffee pests, but the effect of climate change can be potentially mediated through planting and maintaining shade trees on coffee farms.
Multi‐modality machine learning approach for risk stratification in heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45%
Authors: Tse Gary , Zhou Jiandong , Woo Samuel Won Dong , Ko Ching Ho , Lai Rachel Wing Chuen , Liu Tong , Liu Yingzhi , Leung Keith Sai Kit , Li Andrew , Lee Sharen , Li Ka Hou Christien , Lakhani Ishan , Zhang Qingpeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) involves complex remodelling leading to electrical and mechanical dysfunction. We hypothesized that machine learning approaches incorporating data obtained from different investigative modalities including atrial and ventricular measurements from electrocardiography and echocardiography, blood inflammatory marker [neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR)], and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) will improve risk stratification for adverse outcomes in HF compared to logistic regression.Methods and resultsConsecutive Chinese patients referred to our centre for transthoracic echocardiography and subsequently diagnosed with HF, between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016, were included in this study. Two machine learning techniques, multilayer perceptron and multi‐task learning, were compared with logistic regression for their ability to predict incident atrial fibrillation (AF), transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/stroke, and all‐cause mortality. This study included 312 HF patients [mean age: 64 (55–73) years, 75% male]. There were 76 cases of new‐onset AF, 62 cases of incident TIA/stroke, and 117 deaths during follow‐up. Univariate analysis revealed that age, left atrial reservoir strain (LARS) and contractile strain (LACS) were significant predictors of new‐onset AF. Age and smoking predicted incident stroke. Age, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, mitral or aortic regurgitation, P‐wave terminal force in V1, the presence of partial inter‐atrial block, left atrial diameter, ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, serum creatinine and albumin, high NLR, low PNI, and LARS and LACS predicted all‐cause mortality. Machine learning techniques achieved better prediction performance than logistic regression.ConclusionsMulti‐modality assessment is important for risk stratification in HF. A machine learning approach provides additional value for improving outcome prediction.
Hybrid solar thermal/photovoltaic‐battery energy storage system in a commercial greenhouse: Performance and economic analysis
Authors: Naghibi Zahra , Ekhtiari Sadaf , Carriveau Rupp , Ting David S‐K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPerformance and economic analyses of a hybrid solar thermal/photovoltaic‐battery energy storage (ST/PV‐BES) system for a commercial greenhouse were developed. One of the objectives of the study is to evaluate the best configuration of photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal (ST) modules, and battery energy storage size to have the minimum levelized cost of energy. The system was economically optimized. Moreover, to assess the influence of economic parameters such as ST system cost, PV system cost, natural gas price, electricity price, and large renewable procurement (LRP) rate, a series of sensitivity analyses were undertaken. The results showed that the ST system cost and natural gas price were the most effective parameters on both levelized cost of energy and payback period. The role of future evolution of electricity, fuel cost, and financial incentives (LRP rate and carbon tax) in the economic performance of the system were also analyzed.
The serotonin 2B receptor is required in neonatal microglia to limit neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in adulthood
Authors: Béchade Catherine , D'Andrea Ivana , Etienne Fanny , Verdonk Franck , Moutkine Imane , Banas Sophie M. , Kolodziejczak Marta , Diaz Silvina L. , Parkhurst Christopher N. , Gan Wenbiao B. , Maroteaux Luc , Roumier Anne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSevere peripheral infections induce an adaptive sickness behavior and an innate immune reaction in various organs including the brain. On the long term, persistent alteration of microglia, the brain innate immune cells, is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. It is thus critical to identify genes and mechanisms controlling the intensity and duration of the neuroinflammation induced by peripheral immune challenges. We tested the hypothesis that the 5‐HT2B receptor, the main serotonin receptor expressed by microglia, might represent a valuable candidate. First, we observed that Htr2b−/− mice, knock‐out for the 5‐HT2B receptor gene, developed, when exposed to a peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, a stronger weight loss compared to wild‐type mice; in addition, comparison of inflammatory markers in brain, 4 and 24 hr after LPS injection, showed that Htr2b deficiency leads to a prolonged neuroinflammation. Second, to assess the specific contribution of the microglial 5‐HT2B receptor, we investigated the response to LPS of conditional knock‐out mice invalidated for Htr2b in microglia only. We found that deletion of Htr2b in microglia since birth is sufficient to cause enhanced weight loss and increased neuroinflammatory response upon LPS injection at adult stage. In contrast, mice deleted for microglial Htr2b in adulthood responded normally to LPS, revealing a neonatal developmental effect. These results highlight the role of microglia in the response to a peripheral immune challenge and suggest the existence of a developmental, neonatal period, during which instruction of microglia through 5‐HT2B receptors is necessary to prevent microglia overreactivity in adulthood.
Atypical measures of diffusion at the gray‐white matter boundary in autism spectrum disorder in adulthood
Authors: Bletsch Anke , Schäfer Tim , Mann Caroline , Andrews Derek S. , Daly Eileen , Gudbrandsen Maria , Ruigrok Amber N. V. , Dallyn Robert , Romero‐Garcia Rafael , Lai Meng‐Chuan , Lombardo Michael V. , Craig Michael C. , Suckling John , Bullmore Edward T. , Baron‐Cohen Simon ,   the MRC AIMS Consortium, Murphy Declan G. M. , Dell'Acqua Flavio , Ecker Christine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly complex neurodevelopmental condition that is accompanied by neuroanatomical differences on the macroscopic and microscopic level. Findings from histological, genetic, and more recently in vivo neuroimaging studies converge in suggesting that neuroanatomical abnormalities, specifically around the gray‐white matter (GWM) boundary, represent a crucial feature of ASD. However, no research has yet characterized the GWM boundary in ASD based on measures of diffusion. Here, we registered diffusion tensor imaging data to the structural T1‐weighted images of 92 adults with ASD and 92 matched neurotypical controls in order to examine between‐group differences and group‐by‐sex interactions in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity sampled at the GWM boundary, and at different sampling depths within the superficial white and into the gray matter. As hypothesized, we observed atypical diffusion at and around the GWM boundary in ASD, with between‐group differences and group‐by‐sex interactions depending on tissue class and sampling depth. Furthermore, we identified that altered diffusion at the GWM boundary partially (i.e., ~50%) overlapped with atypical gray‐white matter tissue contrast in ASD. Our study thus replicates and extends previous work highlighting the GWM boundary as a crucial target of neuropathology in ASD, and guides future work elucidating etiological mechanisms.
miR‐490: A potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer and other diseases
Authors: Vinchure Omkar Suhas , Kulshreshtha Ritu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional gene regulators. Among a pool of >2600 known human mature miRNAs, only a small subset have been functionally interrogated and a further smaller pool shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases suggesting their critical role in maintaining homeostasis. Here, we draw your attention to one such miRNA, miR‐490, that has been reported to be deregulated in a myriad of diseases (23 diseases) ranging from cardiomyopathy, depression, and developmental disorders to many cancer types (28 cancer types), such as hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, cancers of the reproductive and central nervous system among others. The prognostic and diagnostic potential of miR‐490 has been reported in many diseases including cancer underlining its clinical relevance. We also collate a complex plethora of epigenetic (histone and DNA methylation), transcriptional (TF), and posttranscriptional (lncRNA and circRNA) mechanisms that have been shown to tightly regulate miR‐490 levels. The targets of miR‐490 involve a range of cancer‐related genes involved in the regulation of various cancer hallmarks like cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, apoptotic cell death, angiogenesis, and so forth. Overall, our in‐depth review highlights for the first time the emerging role of miR‐490 in disease pathology, diagnosis, and prognosis that assigns a unique therapeutic potential to miR‐490 in the era of precision medicine.
Adaptation, psychometric properties, and implementation of the Mini‐CEX in dental clerkship
Authors: Véliz Claudia , Fuentes‐Cimma Javiera , Fuentes‐López Eduardo , Riquelme Arnoldo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWorkplace‐based assessment is a key component of dental‐student clerkships, allowing students to demonstrate clinical proficiency.PurposeThis study adapts the Mini‐Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini‐CEX) to a dentistry‐program clerkship, analyzing the results and examining the psychometric properties of Mini‐CEX.MethodsFirst, Delphi panel methodology was used to ensure content validity. Mini‐CEX was then piloted in the dental‐clerkship program, with each student assessed by at least 2 supervisors and a peer student. Subsequently, psychometric properties, acceptability, and observation time were analyzed.ResultsThe study was conducted between July and November 2019. Overall, 140 Mini‐CEX evaluation exercises were carried out on 30 students by 84 supervisors and 56 peers. The adapted instrument was found to be unidimensional, obtaining an acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.74). As the assessor type changed, there were differences in observation time; the medians (Q1–Q3) were 10 minutes (5–15) for supervisors and 30 minutes (20‐45) for peer students (P < 0.001). This difference was also observed in assessor perceptions (P < 0.001), with supervisors scoring a median of 6 (6–6.75) and peer students scoring a median of 7 (6–7). No differences were found between supervisor and peer scores.ConclusionThe adapted version of Mini‐CEX can objectively assess the clinical performance of dental students, achieving validity and reliability values similar to those obtained in the original instrument.
Screening for Early‐Stage Parkinson's Disease: Swallow Tail Sign on MRI Susceptibility Map‐Weighted Images Compared With PET
Authors: Wang Na , Liu Xue‐ling , Li Ling , Zuo Chuan‐tao , Wang Jian , Wu Pu‐yeh , Zhang Yong , Liu Fengtao , Li YuXin 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundSwallow tail sign (STS) on MRI is presumed to be an imaging biomarker of nigrosome‐1, which may exhibit a similar role as positron emission tomography (PET), indicating dopaminergic degeneration.PurposeTo investigate whether an alteration of STS could serve as an alternative screening sign compared with PET in the diagnosis of early‐stage Parkinson's disease (esPD).Study TypeProspective.PopulationThirty‐seven patients with esPD and 27 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs).Field Strength/SequenceQuantitative susceptibility mapping images were collected on 3T MRI and [18F]9‐fluoropropyl‐(+)‐dihydrotetra‐benazine PET images were acquired using a 64 rings PET/CT scanner.AssessmentAlterations of STS and striatal uptake in each hemisphere were visually rated on a 0–2 points scale. Point 2: normal appearance of STS/normal striatal uptake; Point 1: partial loss of STS/uptake reduction confined to the putamen; Point 0: total loss of STS/uptake reduction extended to the caudate nucleus. The concordance rate of STS rating and ipsilateral striatal binding was calculated at the nuclei level. At the participant level, an evaluation rating was calculated by adding the STS ratings from both hemispheres to distinguish esPD from HCs.Statistical TestsThe intra‐ and interobserver agreement were tested using Cohen's kappa and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Hotelling's T‐squared test was used to compare the difference of rating points. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic power.ResultsThe intra‐ and interobserver agreement for STS and striatal uptake rating was over 0.75. There was no significant difference of rating point distribution (P = 0.084). The concordance rate was 94.3% for the right side and 91.4% for the left. Using bilateral partial loss of STS as the threshold, the achieved sensitivity and specificity for discriminating esPD from HCs were 94.59% and 92.49%, respectively.Data ConclusionSTS alterations corresponded well with striatal uptake on PET in esPD, and our proposed evaluation scale of STS had satisfactory diagnostic performance in discriminating the disease.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
A new image restoration approach by combining empirical wavelet transform and total variation using chaotic squirrel search optimization
Authors: Kumar K. Praveen , Narasimhulu C. Venkata , Prasad K. Satya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImage noise is the random variation of brightness or color information in the images. Noise can enter the picture during capturing or transmitting. Different linear and nonlinear methods have been implemented to remove the noise from an image, but transformation of wavelets is becoming increasingly important. We propose a fundamental concept for disintegrating the input bubble, sound, and movement signal of the object/camera into appropriate coefficients by transforming the empirical wavelet and making full changes. A new messy screen search strategy is used to assess the variability at each pixel of the decomposed picture. Empirical wavelet is a kind of wavelet tailored to the data being handled. This is an adaptive technique for decomposing the signal or picture to a set of sections recognized as phases. This wavelet transform is relevant for de‐noising, decompression, etc. Chaotic squirrel search optimizers imitate the vibrant feeding behavior and efficiency of northern flying squirrels, called gliding. Gliding is a powerful system used for lengthy ranges by tiny mammals. Compared to other wavelet transformations, the median peak signal for noise ratio (PSNR) enhancement obtained by EWT is 73%. Numerical tests indicate that our proposed method could be able to substantially enhance restored pictures' efficiency and achieve greater SNR and structural similarity index scores likened to the present state of the art methodologies.
Clinical Nutrition Research and the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the ASPEN COVID‐19 Task Force on Nutrition Research
Authors: Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Carbone Salvatore , Dickerson Roland N. , Hernandez Beverly J.D. , Hurt Ryan T. , Irving Sharon Y. , Li Ding‐You , McCarthy Mary S. , Mogensen Kris M. , Gautier Juan B. Ochoa , Patel Jayshil J. , Prewitt T. Elaine , Rosenthal Martin , Warren Malissa , Winkler Marion F. , McKeever Liam ,   ASPEN COVID‐19 Task Force on Nutrition Research
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this scoping review by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Nutrition Task Force was to examine nutrition research applicable to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The rapid pace of emerging scientific information has prompted this activity to discover research/knowledge gaps. This methodology adhered with recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute. There were 2301 citations imported. Of these, there were 439 articles fully abstracted, with 23 main topic areas identified across 24 article types and sourced across 61 countries and 51 specialties in 8 settings and among 14 populations. Epidemiological/mechanistic relationships between nutrition and COVID‐19 were reviewed and results mapped to the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Time (PICO‐T) questions. The aggregated data were analyzed by clinical stage: pre–COVID‐19, acute COVID‐19, and chronic/post–COVID‐19. Research gaps were discovered for all PICO‐T questions. Nutrition topics meriting urgent research included food insecurity/societal infrastructure and transcultural factors (pre–COVID‐19); cardiometabolic‐based chronic disease, pediatrics, nutrition support, and hospital infrastructure (acute COVID‐19); registered dietitian nutritionist counseling (chronic/post–COVID‐19); and malnutrition and management (all stages). The paucity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was particularly glaring. Knowledge gaps were discovered for PICO‐T questions on pediatrics, micronutrients, bariatric surgery, and transcultural factors (pre–COVID‐19); enteral nutrition, protein‐energy requirements, and glycemic control with nutrition (acute COVID‐19); and home enteral and parenteral nutrition support (chronic/post–COVID‐19). In conclusion, multiple critical areas for urgent nutrition research were identified, particularly using RCT design, to improve nutrition care for patients before, during, and after COVID‐19.
Comparison of reconstructive techniques following oncologic intraarticular resection of proximal humerus
Authors: Houdek Matthew T. , Bukowski Brandon R. , Athey Alexander G. , Elhassan Bassem T. , Barlow Jonathan D. , Morrey Mark E. , Rose Peter S. , Wagner Eric R. , Sanchez‐Sotelo Joaquin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe proximal humerus is a common site of primary and metastatic disease in the upper extremity. Historically, the goal of a hemiarthroplasty reconstruction was to provide a stable platform for hand and elbow function, with limited shoulder function. Techniques utilizing a reverse endoprosthesis (endoprosthetic replacement [EPR]) and allograft‐prosthetic composite (APC) have been developed; however, there is a paucity of comparative studies.MethodsA total of 83 (42 females, 41 males) patients undergoing an intraarticular resection of the humerus were reviewed. Reconstructions included 30 reverse and 53 hemiarthroplasty; including hemiarthroplasty EPR (n = 36) and APC (n = 17), and reverse EPR (n = 20) and APC (n = 10).ResultsReverse reconstructions had improved forward elevation (85° vs. 44°, p < .001) and external rotation (30° vs. 21°; p < .001) versus a hemiarthroplasty. Reverse reconstructions had improved American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (65 vs. 57; p = .01) and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 scores (72 vs. 63; p < .001) versus hemiarthroplasty. Subluxation of the reconstruction was a common (n = 23, 27%), only occurring in hemiarthroplasty patients (EPR [n = 13, 36%] and APC [n = 10, 59%]).ConclusionThe current series highlights the improved functional outcome in patients undergoing reconstruction with a reverse arthroplasty compared to the traditional hemiarthroplasty. Currently reverse shoulder arthroplasty (APC or EPR) is our preferred methods of reconstruction in this patient population.