bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes: Early evaluation, risk factors and possible relation with cardiac autoimmunity
Authors: Shi Mei , Tang Rong , Huang Fansu , Zhong Ting , Chen Yan , Li Xia , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease now is the leading cause of mortality among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The risk of death from cardiovascular events in subjects with T1D is 2–10 times higher than the general population, depending on blood glucose control. Although complications of cardiovascular disease occur in middle and old age, pathological processes begin in childhood. Some methods used to evaluate subclinical cardiovascular disease, such as carotid intima‐media thickness and pulse wave velocity, can detect early cardiovascular abnormalities in adolescence. The effect of risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetic nephropathy on cardiovascular disease has been well studied. According to the current clinical practice recommendations from the American Diabetes Association, cardiovascular risk factors should be systematically assessed at least annually and treated as recommended. And yet, the effects of intensive insulin therapy on cardiovascular risk, as well as the mechanisms of cardiac autoimmunity require further studying. This review concentrates on the cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes in order to provide a comprehensive outlook of its epidemiology, early assessment, risk factors and possible relations with cardiac autoimmunity, aiming to propose promising therapeutic strategies.
Comparing eating disorder characteristics and treatment in self‐identified competitive athletes and non‐athletes from the National Eating Disorders Association online screening tool
Authors: Flatt Rachael E. , Thornton Laura M. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Balantekin Katherine N. , Smolar Lauren , Mysko Claire , Wilfley Denise E. , Taylor C. Barr , DeFreese J. D. , Bardone‐Cone Anna M. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe compared eating disorder (ED) characteristics and treatment seeking behaviors between self‐identified competitive athletes and non‐athletes in a large, community‐based sample.MethodDuring the 2018 National Eating Disorders Awareness Week, 23,920 respondents, 14.7% of whom identified as competitive athletes, completed the National Eating Disorders Association online screen. Data were collected on demographics, disordered eating behaviors, probable ED diagnosis/risk, treatment history, and intent to seek treatment.ResultsThe sample was predominantly White (81.8%), female (90.3%), and between 13 and 24 years (82.6%). Over 86% met criteria for an ED/subthreshold ED, and of those, only 2.5% were in treatment. Suicidal ideation was reported in over half of the sample. Athletes reported a significantly greater likelihood of engaging in and more frequent excessive exercise episodes than non‐athletes. Athletes also reported a significantly lower likelihood of engaging in and less frequent binge‐eating episodes compared with non‐athletes. Athletes were more likely to screen positive for an ED/subthreshold ED than non‐athletes, but percentages across all probable ED diagnoses were similar. No significant differences between athletes and non‐athletes emerged on treatment history or intention to seek treatment post‐screen (less than 30%).DiscussionAlthough the distribution of probable ED diagnoses was similar in athletes and non‐athletes, symptom profiles related to disordered eating behavior engagement and frequency may differ. Athletes may be less likely to seek treatment due to stigma, accessibility, and sport‐specific barriers. Future work should directly connect survey respondents to tailored treatment tools and increase motivation to seek treatment.
Cellular contribution to left and right atrial dysfunction in chronic arterial hypertension in pigs
Authors: Jin Ge , Manninger Martin , Adelsmayr Gabriel , Schwarzl Michael , Alogna Alessio , Schönleitner Patrick , Zweiker David , Blaschke Florian , Sherif Mohammad , Radulovic Snjezana , Wakula Paulina , Schauer Sylvia , Höfler Gerald , Reiter Ursula , Reiter Gert , Post Heiner , Scherr Daniel , Acsai Karoly , Antoons Gudrun , Pieske Burkert , Heinzel Frank R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsAtrial contractile dysfunction contributes to worse prognosis in hypertensive heart disease (HHD), but the role of cardiomyocyte dysfunction in atrial remodelling in HHD is not well understood. We investigated and compared cellular mechanisms of left (LA) and right atrial (RA) contractile dysfunction in pigs with HHD.Methods and resultsIn vivo electrophysiological and magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed in control and pigs treated with 11‐deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/high‐salt/glucose diet (12 weeks) to induce HHD. HHD leads to significant atrial remodelling and loss of contractile function in LA and a similar trend in RA (magnetic resonance imaging). Atrial remodelling was associated with a higher inducibility of atrial fibrillation but unrelated to changes in atrial refractory period or fibrosis (histology). Reduced atrial function in DOCA pigs was related to reduced contraction amplitude of isolated LA (already at baseline) and RA myocytes (at higher frequencies) due to reduced intracellular Ca release (Fura 2‐AM, field stimulation). However, Ca regulation differed in LA and RA cardiomyocytes: LA cardiomyocytes showed reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) [Ca], whereas in RA, SR [Ca] was unchanged and SR Ca2+‐ATPase activity was increased. Sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX) activity was not significantly altered. We used ORM‐10103 (3 μM), a specific NCX inhibitor to improve Ca availability in LA and RA cardiomyocytes from DOCA pigs. Partial inhibition of NCX increased Ca2+ transient amplitude and SR Ca in LA, but not RA cells.ConclusionsIn this large animal model of HHD, atrial remodelling in sinus rhythm in vivo was related to differential LA and RA cardiomyocyte dysfunction and Ca signalling. Selective acute inhibition of NCX improved Ca release in diseased LA cardiomyocytes, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach to improve atrial inotropy in HHD.
A promising Ames battery for mutagenicity characterization of new dyes
Authors: Umbuzeiro Gisela A. , Morales Daniel A. , Vacchi Francine I. , Albuquerque Anjaina F. , Szymczyk Malgorzata , Sui Xinyi , Vinueza Nelson , Freeman Harold S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen testing new products, potential new products, or their impurities for genotoxicity in the Ames test, the quantity available for testing can be a limiting factor. This is the case for a dye repository of around 98,000 substances the Max Weaver Dye Library (MWDL). Mutagenicity data on dyes in the literature, although vast, in several cases is not reliable, compromising the performance of the in silico models. In this report, we propose a strategy for the generation of high‐quality mutagenicity data for dyes using a minimum amount of sample. We evaluated 15 dyes from different chemical classes selected from 150 representative dyes of the MWDL. The purity and molecular confirmation of each dye were determined, and the microplate agar protocol (MPA) was used. Dyes were tested at the limit of solubility in single and concentration‐response experiments using seven strains without and with metabolic activation except for anthraquinone dyes which were tested with eight strains. Six dyes were mutagenic. The most sensitive was YG1041, followed by TA97a > TA98 > TA100 = TA1538 > TA102. YG7108 as well as TA1537 did not detect any mutagenic response. We concluded that the MPA was successful in identifying the mutagenicity of dyes using less than 12.5 mg of sample. We propose that dyes should be tested in a tiered approach using YG1041 followed by TA97a, TA98, and TA100 in concentration‐response experiments. This work provides additional information on the dye mutagenicity database available in the literature.
A comparison of classical and 21st century genotoxicity tools: A proof of concept study of 18 chemicals comparing in vitro micronucleus, ToxTracker and genomics‐based methods (TGx‐DDI, whole genome clustering and connectivity mapping)
Authors: Allemang Ashley , De Abrew K. Nadira , Shan Yuqing K. , Krailler Jesse M. , Pfuhler Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA key step in the risk assessment process of a substance is the assessment of its genotoxic potential. Irrespective of the industry involved, current approaches rely on combinations of two or three in vitro tests and while highly sensitive, their specificity is thought to be limited. A refined in vitro genotoxicity testing strategy with improved predictive capacity would be beneficial and “3R” friendly as it helps to avoid unnecessary in vivo follow‐up testing. Here, we describe a proof of concept study evaluating a balanced set of compounds that have in vivo negative or positive outcomes, but variable in vitro data, to determine if we could differentiate between direct and indirect acting genotoxicants. Compounds were examined in TK6 cells using an approach in which the same sample was used to evaluate both early genomic markers (Affymetrix analysis 4 hr post treatment), and the genotoxic outcome (micronuclei [MN] after 24 hr). The resulting genomic data was then analyzed using the TGx‐DDI biomarker, Connectivity mapping and whole genome clustering. Chemicals were also tested in the ToxTracker assay, which uses six different biomarker genes. None of the methods correctly differentiated all direct from indirect acting genotoxicants when used alone, however, the ToxTracker assay, TGx‐DDI biomarker and whole genome approaches provided high predictive capacity when used in combination with the MN assay (1/18, 2/18, 1/18 missed calls). Ultimately, a “fit for purpose” combination will depend on the specific tools available to the end user, as well as considerations of the unique benefits of the individual assays.
Weight bias and linguistic body representation in anorexia nervosa: Findings from the BodyTalk project
Authors: Behrens Simone Claire , Meneguzzo Paolo , Favaro Angela , Teufel Martin , Skoda Eva‐Maria , Lindner Marion , Walder Lukas , Quiros Ramirez Alejandra , Zipfel Stephan , Mohler Betty , Black Michael , Giel Katrin E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study provides a comprehensive assessment of own body representation and linguistic representation of bodies in general in women with typical and atypical anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodsIn a series of desktop experiments, participants rated a set of adjectives according to their match with a series of computer generated bodies varying in body mass index, and generated prototypic body shapes for the same set of adjectives. We analysed how body mass index of the bodies was associated with positive or negative valence of the adjectives in the different groups. Further, body image and own body perception were assessed.ResultsIn a German‐Italian sample comprising 39 women with AN, 20 women with atypical AN and 40 age matched control participants, we observed effects indicative of weight stigmatization, but no significant differences between the groups. Generally, positive adjectives were associated with lean bodies, whereas negative adjectives were associated with obese bodies.DiscussionOur observations suggest that patients with both typical and atypical AN affectively and visually represent body descriptions not differently from healthy women. We conclude that overvaluation of low body weight and fear of weight gain cannot be explained by generally distorted perception or cognition, but require individual consideration.
The impact of trophic and immunomodulatory factors on oligodendrocyte maturation: Potential treatments for encephalopathy of prematurity
Authors: Vaes Josine E. G. , Brandt Myrna J. V. , Wanders Nikki , Benders Manon J. N. L. , de Theije Caroline G. M. , Gressens Pierre , Nijboer Cora H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEncephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a major cause of morbidity in preterm neonates, causing neurodevelopmental adversities that can lead to lifelong impairments. Preterm birth‐related insults, such as cerebral oxygen fluctuations and perinatal inflammation, are believed to negatively impact brain development, leading to a range of brain abnormalities. Diffuse white matter injury is a major hallmark of EoP and characterized by widespread hypomyelination, the result of disturbances in oligodendrocyte lineage development. At present, there are no treatment options available, despite the enormous burden of EoP on patients, their families, and society. Over the years, research in the field of neonatal brain injury and other white matter pathologies has led to the identification of several promising trophic factors and cytokines that contribute to the survival and maturation of oligodendrocytes, and/or dampening neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss the current literature on selected factors and their therapeutic potential to combat EoP, covering a wide range of in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, we offer a future perspective on the translatability of these factors into clinical practice.
Correlation between pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Selective Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors and maternal and neonatal outcomes: Results from a naturalistic study in patients with affective disorders
Authors: Colombo Anna , Giordano Francesca , Giorgetti Federica , Di Bernardo Ilaria , Bosi Monica F. , Varinelli Alberto , Cafaro Rita , Pileri Paola , Cetin Irene , Clementi Emilio , Viganò Caterina A. , Dell'Osso Bernardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveSome studies have linked the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs/SNRIs) to the risk of perinatal complications. This study explored the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics, SSRIs/SNRIs tolerability and effectiveness and maternal and newborn outcomes.MethodsFifty‐five pregnant women with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM‐5) diagnoses of affective disorders, treated with SSRIs/SNRIs, were recruited and, during the third trimester, their blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analyses. Plasma levels and metabolic phenotypes were then related to different obstetrical and maternal outcomes.ResultsThe pharmacokinetic data were more stable for Sertraline, Citalopram, and Escitalopram compared to other molecules (p = 0.009). The occurrence of postnatal adaptation syndrome onset was associated with higher plasma levels for Sertraline (median at delivery: 16.7 vs. 10.5 ng/ml), but not for fluoxetine and venlafaxine. Finally, the subgroup within range plasma concentrations had less blood loss than the below range subgroup (p = 0.030).ConclusionsPlasma levels of Sertraline, Citalopram and Escitalopram were more frequently in range in late pregnancy when compared to other drugs. Drug plasma concentrations do not strictly correlate with worse perinatal outcomes, but with possible differences between the different drugs.
Circulating insulin‐like growth factor‐I, total and free testosterone concentrations and prostate cancer risk in 200 000 men in UK Biobank
Authors: Watts Eleanor L. , Fensom Georgina K. , Smith Byrne Karl , Perez‐Cornago Aurora , Allen Naomi E. , Knuppel Anika , Gunter Marc J. , Holmes Michael V. , Martin Richard M. , Murphy Neil , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Yeap Bu B. , Key Timothy J. , Travis Ruth C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and testosterone have been implicated in prostate cancer aetiology. Using data from a large prospective full‐cohort with standardised assays and repeat blood measurements, and genetic data from an international consortium, we investigated the associations of circulating IGF‐I, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), and total and calculated free testosterone concentrations with prostate cancer incidence and mortality. For prospective analyses, risk was estimated using multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression in 199 698 male UK Biobank participants. Hazard ratios (HRs) were corrected for regression dilution bias using repeat hormone measurements from a subsample. Two‐sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis of IGF‐I and risk used genetic instruments identified from UK Biobank men and genetic outcome data from the PRACTICAL consortium (79 148 cases and 61 106 controls). We used cis‐ and all (cis and trans) SNP MR approaches. A total of 5402 men were diagnosed with and 295 died from prostate cancer (mean follow‐up 6.9 years). Higher circulating IGF‐I was associated with elevated prostate cancer diagnosis (HR per 5 nmol/L increment = 1.09, 95% CI 1.05‐1.12) and mortality (HR per 5 nmol/L increment = 1.15, 1.02‐1.29). MR analyses also supported the role of IGF‐I in prostate cancer diagnosis (cis‐MR odds ratio per 5 nmol/L increment = 1.34, 1.07‐1.68). In observational analyses, higher free testosterone was associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer (HR per 50 pmol/L increment = 1.10, 1.05‐1.15). Higher SHBG was associated with a lower risk (HR per 10 nmol/L increment = 0.95, 0.94‐0.97), neither was associated with prostate cancer mortality. Total testosterone was not associated with prostate cancer. These findings implicate IGF‐I and free testosterone in prostate cancer development and/or progression.
Efficacy of hyaluronic acid on intervertebral disc inflammation: An in vitro study using notochordal cell lines and human disc cells
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Suzuki Satoshi , Fujii Takeshi , Mima Yuichiro , Watanabe Kota , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Fujita Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) is widely recognized as a therapeutic target and currently used in medicine. However, HA metabolism during intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of HA on intervertebral disc (IVD) inflammation and identify the main molecules modulating HA degradation in IVDs. To assess HA function in IVD cells in vitro, we treated human disc cells and U‐CH1‐N cells, a notochordal nucleus pulposus cell line, with HA or hyaluronidase. Real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blot analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α)‐mediated induction of the expression of TNF‐α and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) was clearly neutralized by HA treatment, and the expression of TNF‐α and COX2 was significantly induced by hyaluronidase treatment in both cell types. Additionally, Western blot analysis showed that hyaluronidase‐induced phosphorylation of p38 and Erk1/2, and that TNF‐α‐mediated phosphorylation of p38 and Erk1/2 was clearly reduced by HA addition. In degenerating human IVD samples, immunohistochemistry for hyaluronidase showed that the expression of hyaluronidases including HYAL1, HYAL2, and cell migration‐inducing protein (CEMIP) tended to increase in accordance with IVDD. In particular, HYAL1 showed statistically significant differences. In vitro study also confirmed a similar phenomenon that TNF‐α treatment increased both messenger RNA and protein expression in both cell types. Our results demonstrated that HA could potentially suppress IVDD by regulating p38 and Erk1/2 pathways, and that the expression of HYAL1 was correlated with IVDD progression. These findings indicated that HYAL1 would be a potential molecular target for suppressing IVDD by controlling HA metabolism.
Melatonin improves periodontitis‐induced kidney damage by decreasing inflammatory stress and apoptosis in rats
Authors: Kose Oğuz , Kurt Bayrakdar Sevda , Unver Büsra , Altin Ahmet , Akyildiz Kerimali , Mercantepe Tolga , Bostan Semih Alperen , Arabaci Taner , Turker Sener Leyla , Emre Kose Taha , Tumkaya Levent , Yilmaz Adnan , Kuluslu Göker 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTwo main aims of this animal study were to inspect the possible effects of periodontitis on the structure and functions of the kidneys and the therapeutic effectiveness of melatonin.MethodsTwenty‐four male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, experimental periodontitis (Ep), and Ep‐melatonin (Ep‐Mel). Periodontitis was induced by placing 3.0‐silk sutures sub‐paramarginally around the cervix of right‐left mandibular first molars and maintaining the sutures for 5 weeks. Then melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight/day, 14 days), and the vehicle was administered intraperitonally. Mandibular and kidney tissue samples were obtained following the euthanasia. Periodontal bone loss was measured via histological and microcomputed tomographic slices. On right kidney histopathological and immunohistochemical, and on the left kidney biochemical (malonyl‐aldehyde [MDA], glutathione, oxidative stress [OSI], tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α, interleukin [IL]‐1β, matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]‐8, MMP‐9, and cathepsin D levels) evaluations were performed. Renal functional status was analyzed by levels of serum creatinine, urea, cystatin‐C, and urea creatinine.ResultsMelatonin significantly restricted ligature‐induced periodontal bone loss (P <0 .01) and suppressed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β), oxidative stress (MDA and OSI), and proteases (MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and CtD) that was significantly higher in the kidneys of the rats with periodontitis (P <0.05). In addition, periodontitis‐related histological damages and apoptotic activity were also significantly lower in the Ep‐Mel group (P <0.05). However, the markers of renal function of the Ep group were detected slightly impaired in comparison with the control group (P >0.05); and the therapeutic activity of melatonin was limited (P >0.05).ConclusionMelatonin restricts the periodontitis‐induced inflammatory stress, apoptosis, and structural but not functional impairments.
Investigation and identification of the multiple components of Rheum officinale Baill. using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and data mining strategy
Authors: Yao Min , Li Junmao , He Mingzhen , Ouyang Hui , Ruan Lulu , Huang Xiaofang , Rao Yifei , Yang Shilin , Zhou Xiang , Bai Jiqing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRheum officinale Baill. is a traditional Chinese medicine that has long been used for eliminating body heat, cooling and detoxifying blood, removing blood stasis and promoting menstruation, and clearing away heat‐dampness to eliminate jaundice. Comprehensive and systematic structural identification of the components of Rheum officinale Baill. remains a challenge. An appropriate analytical method needs to be established for the comprehensive investigation and identification of the chemical constituents in Rheum officinale Baill. extract. In this study, a new systematic approach using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with a data mining strategy was developed to screen the targeted and nontargeted components of Rheum officinale Baill. A total of 124 compounds were identified in the Rheum officinale Baill. extract including 31 acylglucosides, 9 phenolic acids, 26 tannins, 53 anthraquinones, and 5 other compounds. Note that 55 of these compounds were reported for the first time here. In conclusion, in this study, we devised an efficient and systematic method for detecting complex compounds and have used it here to provide a foundation for future research into bioactive ingredients and quality control of Rheum officinale Baill. extract.