bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground‐based optical canopy sensing technologies for corn–nitrogen management in the Upper Midwest
Authors: Paiao Gabriel D. , Fernández Fabián G. , Spackman Jared A. , Kaiser Daniel E. , Weisberg Sanford 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOptical canopy sensing tools may improve corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) management, but their usefulness in far northern latitudes remains unclear. For this reason, the utility of SPAD, GreenSeeker normalized difference vegetation index (GS‐NDVI), RapidSCAN normalized difference vegetation index (RS‐NDVI), and RapidSCAN normalized difference red edge (RS‐NDRE) were evaluated to predict corn grain yield, plant N accumulation, and plant N deficiency in 12 site‐years throughout Minnesota. Six to seven N rates (35−45 kg urea‐N ha−1 increment) were pre‐plant applied. Canopy sensing measurements and aboveground plant N accumulation were obtained at V4, V8, V12, and R1 stages. Regardless of the tool, low predictive power of grain yield, plant N accumulation, and N deficiency occurred at V4, likely because of low crop N demand and sufficient N supply. At V8, sensors provided good estimations of grain yield (R2 = .75−.85) but underestimated the agronomic optimum nitrogen rate (AONR) by 33, 94, 102, and 46 kg N ha−1 with the SPAD, GS‐NDVI, RS‐NDVI, and RS‐NDRE, respectively. At V12 RS‐NDRE measurements provided the most accurate estimations of grain yield (R2 = .92) and AONR [R2 = .84 and N rate differential from agronomic optimum nitrogen rate (dAONR) at −2 kg N ha−1]. At R1 SPAD also provided good estimations of grain yield and N deficiency. The mismatch between the best timings for predicting N fertilizer requirements (V12 and R1) and the best timings for sidedressing (V4−V8) highlight that sensing tools may have limited utility to improve the standard maximum return to N approach in the Upper Midwest.
Estimation of the number of workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica by industry: Analysis of OSHA compliance data (1979‐2015)
Authors: Doney Brent C. , Miller William E. , Hale Janet M. , Syamlal Girija 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundRespirable crystalline silica (RCS) can potentially cause silicosis, lung cancer, and renal failure. The current study estimates the percentages of workers potentially overexposed to concentrations of RCS dust and silicosis proportional mortality rates (PMRs) by industry.MethodsOccupational Safety and Health Administration compliance inspection sampling data for RCS collected during 1979 to 2015 were used to estimate percentages of workers exposed. The results were used in combination with US Census Bureau estimates to produce industry specific worker population estimates for 2014. Estimates of the numbers and percentages of workers exposed to RCS concentrations at least 1, 2, 5, and 10 times the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit (REL) were calculated by industry using the 2002 North American Industry Classification System. Silicosis PMRs by industry were estimated using National Center for Health Statistics multiple cause of death data.ResultsRCS concentrations/workers exposed were highest in the poured concrete foundation and structure contractors; commercial and institutional building construction; and masonry contractors. Approximately 100 000 workers were exposed above the RCS REL, and most (79%) worked in the construction industry. Tile and terrazzo contractors (12%); brick, stone, and related construction merchant wholesalers (10%); masonry contractors (6%) and poured concrete foundation and structure contractors (6%) were the highest percentages of workers potentially overexposed. PMRs were highest for the structural clay product manufacturing and the foundries industries.ConclusionPercentages of workers exposed to RCS varied by industry and in some industries workers are exposed over 10 times the REL. Exposures can be reduced below the REL by implementing the hierarchy of controls.
Metabolomics and incident dementia in older Chinese adults: The Shanghai Aging Study
Authors: Cui Mei , Jiang Yanfeng , Zhao Qianhua , Zhu Zhen , Liang Xiaoniu , Zhang Kexun , Wu Wanqing , Dong Qiang , An Yanpeng , Tang Huiru , Ding Ding , Chen Xingdong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionMetabolomics provide a promising tool to understand the pathogenesis and to identify novel biomarkers of dementia. This study aimed to determine circulating metabolites associated with incident dementia in a Chinese cohort, and whether a selected metabolite panel could predict dementia.MethodsThirty‐eight metabolites in baseline serum were profiled by nuclear magnetic resonance in 1440 dementia‐free participants followed 5 years in the Shanghai Aging Study.ResultsHigher serum levels of glutamine and O‐acetyl‐glycoproteins were associated with increased risk of dementia, whereas glutamate, tyrosine, acetate, glycine, and phenylalanine were negatively related to incident dementia. A panel of five metabolites selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator within cross‐validation regression analysis could predict incident dementia with an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve of 0.72.DiscussionWe identified seven candidate serum metabolic biomarkers for dementia. These findings and the underlying biological mechanisms need to be further replicated and elucidated in future studies.
Organic Printed Core–Shell Heterostructure Arrays: A Universal Approach to All‐Color Laser Display Panels
Authors: Zhou Zhonghao , Zhao Jinyang , Du Yuxiang , Wang Kang , Liang Jie , Yan Yongli , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA universal approach is demonstrated for realizing dual‐wavelength lasing in organic core–shell structured microlaser arrays, which show great promise in serving as all‐color laser display panels. By alternately printing hydrophilic and hydrophobic laser dye solutions on preprocessed substrates, precisely patterned core–shell heterostructure arrays were obtained. The spatially separated core and shell independently function as optical resonators to support dual‐wavelength tunable lasing in each heterostructure. Such a general method enables to flexibly control the lasing wavelength of the core–shell microlasers across a wide spectral range by systematically designing the gain media. Using as‐prepared microlaser arrays as display panels, full‐color laser displays were achieved with a color gamut much larger than that of standard RGB space. These results provide insights for design concepts and device construction for novel optoelectronic applications.
Diboran(4)azide als stabile Quelle für kurzlebige Iminoborane
Authors: Thiess Torsten , Bélanger‐Chabot Guillaume , Fantuzzi Felipe , Michel Maximilian , Ernst Moritz , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWir berichten über die ersten isolierbaren, elektronen‐präzisen Diborane(4) mit Azidresten: das acyclische 1,2‐Diazido‐1,2‐bis(dimethylamino)diboran(4) und eine Reihe cyclischer 1,4‐Diaryl‐2,3‐diazido‐1,4‐diaza‐2,3‐diborine (Aryl=Mesityl, 2,6‐Xylyl, 4‐Tolyl). Im Gegensatz zu den kürzlich von uns beschriebenen kurzlebigen Diboran(4)aziden, welche sich bereits bei Raumtemperatur spontan zersetzen, erweisen sich die hier dargestellten Moleküle als thermisch äußerst robust. So können diese kontrollierte Pyrolysereaktionen bei Temperaturen weit über 100 °C eingehen, ohne dass es zu deren explosionsartiger Zersetzung kommt. Überraschenderweise konnten in zwei Fällen nach der Pyrolyse komplexe Diazadiboretidine isoliert werden, welche formal die Dimerisierungsprodukte von endo‐cyclischen Boryliminoboranen darstellen.
Chemie der Chitosan‐Aerogele: Lenkung der dreidimensionalen Poren für maßgeschneiderte Anwendungen
Authors: Takeshita Satoru , Zhao Shanyu , Malfait Wim J. , Koebel Matthias M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir die schnell wachsende Zahl an Literaturbeiträgen zu Chitosan‐basierten porösen Materialien, mit Schwerpunkt auf Gelierungsmechanismen, dreidimensionaler multiskaliger Strukturkontrolle sowie der mannigfaltigen chemischen Funktionalität, die mit anderen Biopolymeren nicht erreichbar ist. Die Eigenschaften unterscheiden sich von letzteren teils stark: von überkritisch getrockneten, mesoporösen Chitosan‐Aerogelen bis hin zu äußerst leichten, gefriergetrockneten makroporösen Gerüsten. Im Labormaßstab erreicht poröses Chitosan beeindruckende Eigenschaften, der hoch (meso)poröse Charakter verstärkt jedoch nicht nur die vorteilhafte Funktionalität des Chitosans, sondern auch seine Nachteile, was eine mögliche Industrialisierung ernsthaft einschränkt. Zur Förderung des Technologietransfers diskutieren wir in kritischer Weise die praktische Umsetzbarkeit möglicher Anwendungen von Chitosan‐Aerogelen im Vergleich zu konventionellen und anderen biopolymerbasierten porösen oder nichtporösen Materialien.
Total Synthesis of (±)‐Phyllantidine: Development and Mechanistic Evaluation of a Ring Expansion for Installation of Embedded Nitrogen‐Oxygen Bonds
Authors: Lambert Kyle M. , Cox Joshua B. , Liu Lin , Jackson Amy C. , Yruegas Sam , Wiberg Kenneth B. , Wood John L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of a concise total synthesis of (±)‐phyllantidine (1), a member of the securinega family of alkaloids containing an unusual oxazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core, is described. The synthesis employs a unique synthetic strategy featuring the ring expansion of a substituted cyclopentanone to a cyclic hydroxamic acid as a key step that allows facile installation of the embedded nitrogen‐oxygen (N−O) bond. The optimization of this sequence to effect the desired regiochemical outcome and its mechanistic underpinnings were assessed both computationally and experimentally. This synthetic approach also features an early‐stage diastereoselective aldol reaction to assemble the substituted cyclopentanone, a mild reduction of an amide intermediate without N−O bond cleavage, and the rapid assembly of the butenolide found in (1) via use of the Bestmann ylide.
Diborane(4) Azides: Surprisingly Stable Sources of Transient Iminoboranes
Authors: Thiess Torsten , Bélanger‐Chabot Guillaume , Fantuzzi Felipe , Michel Maximilian , Ernst Moritz , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein we describe the first examples of isolable electron‐precise diboranes(4) that bear azide moieties: the acyclic 1,2‐diazido‐1,2‐bis(dimethylamino)diborane(4) and the cyclic 1,4‐diaryl‐2,3‐diazido‐1,4‐diaza‐2,3‐diborinines (aryl=mesityl, 2,6‐xylyl, 4‐tolyl). The reported examples are not only stable enough to be observed and isolated (putative transient diborane(4) azides previously reported by our group spontaneously decompose even below room temperature), but some of them are even robust enough to undergo controlled pyrolysis without explosive decomposition at temperatures well above 100 °C. In two cases, the controlled pyrolysis allows the isolation of complex diazaboretidines, which are the apparent dimerization products of endocyclic boryl‐iminoboranes.
Application and Structural Analysis of Triazole‐Bridged Disulfide Mimetics in Cyclic Peptides
Authors: White Andrew M. , de Veer Simon J. , Wu Guojie , Harvey Peta J. , Yap Kuok , King Gordon J. , Swedberg Joakim E. , Wang Conan K. , Law Ruby H. P. , Durek Thomas , Craik David J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRuthenium‐catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (RuAAC) provides access to 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole motifs in peptide engineering applications. However, investigation of this motif as a disulfide mimetic in cyclic peptides has been limited, and the structural consequences remain to be studied. We report synthetic strategies to install various triazole linkages into cyclic peptides through backbone cyclisation and RuAAC cross‐linking reactions. These linkages were evaluated in four serine protease inhibitors based on sunflower trypsin inhibitor‐1. NMR and X‐ray crystallography revealed exceptional consensus of bridging distance and backbone conformations (RMSD<0.5 Å) of the triazole linkages compared to the parent disulfide molecules. The triazole‐bridged peptides also displayed superior half‐lives in liver S9 stability assays compared to disulfide‐bridged peptides. This work establishes a foundation for the application of 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles as disulfide mimetics.
An Arylazopyrazole‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbene as a Photoswitch on Gold Surfaces: Light‐Switchable Wettability, Work Function, and Conductance
Authors: Nguyen D. Thao , Freitag Matthias , Gutheil Christian , Sotthewes Kai , Tyler Bonnie J. , Böckmann Marcus , Das Mowpriya , Schlüter Friederike , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Arlinghaus Heinrich F. , Ravoo Bart Jan , Glorius Frank 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel photoresponsive and fully conjugated N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) has been synthesized that combines the excellent photophysical properties of arylazopyrazoles (AAPs) with an NHC that acts as a robust surface anchor (AAP‐BIMe). The formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold was proven by ToF‐SIMS and XPS, and the organic film displayed a very high stability at elevated temperatures. This stability was also reflected in a high desorption energy, which was determined by temperature‐programmed SIMS measurements. E‐/Z‐AAP‐BIMe@Au photoisomerization resulted in reversible alterations of the surface energy (i.e. wettability), the surface potential (i.e. work function), and the conductance (i.e. resistance). The effects could be explained by the difference in the dipole moment of the isomers. Furthermore, sequential application of a dummy ligand by microcontact printing and subsequent backfilling with AAP‐BIMe allowed its patterning on gold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a photoswitchable NHC on a gold surface. These properties of AAP‐BIMe@Au illustrate its suitability as a molecular switch for electronic devices.
Developing New Cancer Nanomedicines by Repurposing Old Drugs
Authors: Yang Bowen , Shi Jianlin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe high morbidity and mortality of cancer requires innovative therapeutics. Very recently, several old drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or currently undergoing clinical trials, such as 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose, disulfiram, artemisinin, chloroquine, metformin, and aspirin, which have been extensively applied clinically for the treatment of other diseases with reliable evidence of biosafety, have been engineered into nanosystems for enhancing cancer therapy. These old drugs can cooperate with other components of nanosystems or the ambient biological environment, to favor tumor‐specific therapeutics by nontoxicity‐to‐toxicity transition. This Minireview provides a concentrated summary of the most recent progress made in this emerging field, highlighting the “old drugs, new uses” strategy for the construction of next‐generation nanomedicines. It is expected that the clinical translation of nanomedicines can be accelerated by repurposing old drugs to elevate cancer therapeutic efficacy and specificity.
Isolation and characterization of a novel nanobody for detection of GRP78 expressing cancer cells
Authors: Aghamollaei Hossein , Ghanei Mostafa , Rasaee Mohammad Javad , Latifi Ali Mohammad , Bakherad Hamid , Fasihi‐Ramandi Mahdi , Taheri Ramezan Ali , Gargari Seyed Latif Mousavi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that has been shown that is overexpressed in cancer cells. Overexpression of GRP78 on cancer cells makes this molecule a suitable candidate for cancer detection and targeted therapy. VHH is the binding fragment of camelid heavy‐chain antibodies also known as “nanobody.” The aim of this study is to isolate and produce a new recombinant nanobody using phage display technique to detect cancer cells. Using the c‐terminal domain of GRP78 (CGRP) as an antigen, four rounds of biopanning were performed, and high‐affinity binders were selected by ELISA. Their affinity and functionality were characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) cell ELISA and immunocytochemistry. A unique nanobody named V80 was purified. ELISA and SPR showed that this antibody had high specificity and affinity to the GRP78. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that V80 could specifically bind to the HepG2 and A549 cancer cell lines. This novel recombinant nanobody could bind to the cell surface of different cancer cells. After further evaluation, this nanobody can be used as a new tool for cancer detection and tumor therapy.
Applications of Functional Metal‐Organic Frameworks in Biosensors
Authors: Du Liping , Chen Wei , Zhu Ping , Tian Yulan , Chen Yating , Wu Chunsheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, fast advancements in the fields of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are providing unprecedented opportunities for the development of novel functional MOFs for various biosensing applications. Exciting progress is achieved due to the combination of MOFs with various functional components, which introduces novel structures and new features to the MOFs‐based biosensing applications, such as higher stability, higher sensitivity, higher flexibility, and higher specificity. This review aims to be a comprehensive summary of the most recent advances in the development of functional MOFs for various biosensing applications, placing special attention on important contributions in recent 3 years. In this review, the most recent developments in design and synthesis of functional MOFs for biosensing applications are summarized. MOFs‐based biosensing applications are outlined according to the central roles of MOFs in biosensors, which include carriers of sensitive elements, enzyme‐mimic elements, electrochemical signaling, optical signaling, and gas sensing. Finally, the current challenges and future development trends of functional MOFs for biosensing applications are proposed and discussed.
Commentary: Challenges for PhD students during COVID‐19 pandemic: Turning crisis into an opportunity
Authors: Aydemir Duygu , Ulusu Nuriye N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 results in the suspension of life all over the world. Universities suspended their academic activities except for online courses for undergrad and grad students. However, PhD students in both biochemistry and molecular biology fields must hold their experiments at the laboratories. Even under these extreme circumstances, the academic journey of a master's or PhD student should not be stopped; on contrary, they need to use these times to improve their knowledge related to their fields. Therefore, they can turn this COVID‐19 crisis into an opportunity for themselves.
Do anxiety, depression, and intolerance of uncertainty contribute to social problem solving in adult women with anorexia nervosa?
Authors: Sternheim Lot , Danner Unna , van Elburg Annemarie , Harrison Amy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionInefficient problem solving in the social domain may be one of the difficulties underlying the interpersonal challenges thought to maintain anorexia nervosa (AN). However, past studies have neglected to control for depression, anxiety, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU), which are known to contribute to social problem solving.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate whether adults with AN would show differences in social problem solving on an experimental task (Means‐End Problem Solving; MEPS) and report differences in their attitudes (positive, negative) toward social problem solving and their use of social problem‐solving styles (rational, impulsive–careless, avoidant) on the Social Problem‐Solving Inventory Revised (SPSRI) compared to a non‐AN control group.ResultsSeventy‐four adult women took part (30 with AN and 44 non‐AN controls), and data show that those with AN generated significantly less effective solutions on the MEPS (d = 1.96) reported overall poorer social problem solving on the SPSRI (d = 0.58), reporting more negative and less positive attitudes toward social problem solving, and less impulsive and more avoidant social problem‐solving styles. However, those with AN did not differ from controls in being able to rationalize social problems. Once depression (Beck Depression Inventory: BDI), state anxiety (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory: STAI), and IU (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale‐12; IUS‐12) were included as covariates, these differences were no longer significant, suggesting that comorbid depression, anxiety, and IU symptoms may contribute to social problem solving in AN.ConclusionsThere was no specific effect of depression. Treating anxiety and IU might help to improve social problem solving and enable people with AN to be able to better access social support to aid their recovery.
Immunosenescent characteristics of T cells in young patients following haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from parental donors
Authors: Lee Ga Hye , Hong Kyung Taek , Choi Jung Yoon , Shin Hee Young , Lee Won‐Woo , Kang Hyoung Jin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesPaediatric and adolescent patients in need of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) generally receive stem cells from older, unrelated or parental donors when a sibling donor is not available. Despite encouraging clinical outcomes, it has been suggested that immune reconstitution accompanied by increased replicative stress and a large difference between donor and recipient age may worsen immunosenescence in paediatric recipients.MethodsIn this study, paired samples were collected at the same time from donors and recipients of haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HaploSCT). We then conducted flow cytometry‐based phenotypic and functional analyses and telomere length (TL) measurements of 21 paired T‐cell sets from parental donors and children who received T‐cell‐replete HaploSCT with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy).ResultsSenescent T cells, CD28− or CD57+ cells, were significantly expanded in patients. Further, not only CD4+CD28− T cells, but also CD4+CD28+ T cells showed reduced cytokine production capacity and impaired polyfunctionality compared with parental donors, whereas their TCR‐mediated proliferation capacity was comparable. Of note, the TL in patient T cells was preserved, or even slightly longer, in senescent T cells compared with donor cells. Regression analysis showed that senescent features of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients were influenced by donor age and the frequency of CD28− cells, respectively.ConclusionOur data suggest that in paediatric HaploSCT, premature immunosenescent changes occur in T cells from parental donors, and therefore, long‐term immune monitoring should be conducted.
Gamna‐Gandy bodies in fine‐needle aspiration from abdominal splenosis: A clue to underlying portal hypertension
Authors: Angelova Evgeniya A. , Bagherpour Arya , Schnadig Vicki J , He Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 40‐year‐old woman presented with abdominal pain and jaundice. Past medical history was significant only for splenectomy following a motor vehicle accident. Owing to presence of multiple peritoneal nodules on computerized tomography (CT) and elevated serum CA‐125, ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis was suspected. Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) revealed presence of abundant hemosiderin, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and fungal hypha‐like structures. No evidence of neoplasia was found. Findings were consistent with Gamna‐Gandy bodies (GGBS) within splenic tissue. Based on history of splenectomy and FNA findings, a diagnosis of abdominal splenosis with presence of GGBS was made. Workup for hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension was recommended. Liver biopsy confirmed presence of cirrhosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GGBS identified within abdominal splenosis. It is important for pathologists to be able to recognize GGBS and to be aware of their relationship to portal hypertension and other conditions associated with severe vascular congestion or hemorrhage. History and pathogenesis of GGBS, their diagnostic morphologic features and a review of cases of GGBS diagnosed via cytology are given.