bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass waste dissolution with imidazole ionic liquids for biohydrogen production
Authors: Wu Shu Yii , Manaf Mastura Abd , Lin Sheng-Kai , Chen Ji Gang , Yang Kai-Hsiang , Zeng Wei-Lun , Lin Yi-Feng , Harun Shuhaida 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cellulosic biomass waste from municipal solid and agricultural biomass residue are Second Generation energy source, mainly contain glucose and xylose monomers, were`extensively studied in present research for fermentable sugar hydrolysate in biohydrogen production. Scrap paper cup (SPC), bamboo stem wall (BSW), sugar cane bagasse (SCB) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) were dissolved in laboratory prepared imidazole ionic liquids; 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl).
A comparative study on biomass composition was presented by Van Soest and thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) method. TGA was proved as comparative, cheaper and faster method in measuring the lignoellulose composition. Experimental result show that the ionic liquids were completely dissolved the SPC, BSW, SCB and OPEFB with high cellulose recovery; 96.00%, 91.34% 87.16% and 99.51% respectively. The used ionic liquids were highly recovered from the mixture at 94% to 99% recovery rate and FTIR analysis proofed that the recycled ionic liquid is principally consistent with the original.
The regenerated cellulose was undergo acid hydrolysis to reducing sugars (glucose/xylose) hydrolysate to be used as feedstock fermentation for biohydrogen production. Acid hydrolysis of the recovered cellulose resulted up to 96% sugar conversion. IL-SPC hydrolysate reported higher total sugar conversion compare to SPC (control) due to higher surface area and disintegration of the cellulosic fibril structure resulted from the dissolution process. IL-SPC, IL-BSW, IL-SCB and IL-OPEFB hydrolysate contained higher total sugar compared to SPC hydrolysate even though their cellulose recovery are lower that the SPC (control). Biohydrogen fermentability test of this hydrolysate was carried out using biohydrogen producing bacterium Clostridia sp. Almost 85% of biomass waste hydrolysate substrate was utilized by the bacteria. Up to 196 ml H 2 / 100 ml cumulative bioydrogen production was collected for fermentation using the biomass hydrolysate while 174.91 ml H 2 / 100 ml was produced from the control.
ICT1 Knockdown inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation by regulating cell apoptosis through targeting BCL-2
Authors: Pan Xiaohui , Tan Jingxue , Du Rui , Jiang Yuqing , Weng Yiping , Zhou Dong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Osteosarcoma (OS) which occurs mainly in the young people is a familiar malignant bone tumor. Apoptosis is a kind of programmed and managed cell death and promoting apoptosis of OS cells is an important treatment for OS. However, the pathways of controlling apoptosis in OS remain unclear. Immature colon carcinoma transcript-1 (ICT1) belongs to a family of four putative mitochondrial translation release factors. It controls the termination stage of translation. Methods:In this study, the function of ICT1 was elucidated by a series of in vivo and in vitro assays. The potential downstream targets of ICT1 in the OS was confirmed by Quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, while immunohistochemical analysis and rescue experiment were performed to confirm this result. Results: ICT1 was significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma, and higher expression of ICT1 led to the worse survival rate. Furthermore, knockdown of ICT1 could inhibit the cell proliferation, but improved the apoptosis of cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, our data demonstrated that BCL-2, apoptotic related-genes, is a potential target of ICT1 and the overexpression of BCL-2 partly reduced the negative influence of ICT1 knockdown on the pro-tumorigenic capabilities of OS cells in vitro. Conclusion: The ICT1 protein was overexpressed in the OS and has identified a novel mechanism by which ICT1 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation by regulating cell apoptosis through targeting BCL-2.
Do Macroeconomic Factors Affect FDI: Evidence from South Asian Countries
Authors: Sabir Samina , Qureshi Samia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
There are numerous factors such as absorptive capacity along with other are very important to make foreign direct investment (FDI) more effective for economic growth and development. There are numerous indicators of absorptive capacity such as human capital, technology, infrastructure, institutional quality, GDP per capita, and trade openness. This study determines the effect of absorptive capacity on FDI in South Asian countries over the time period 1984–2017 using system Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). The study found that absorptive indicators such as trade openness, infrastructure, institutional quality, human capital, GDP per capita, and technology are positively related to foreign direct investment in South Asian countries but human capital is the more effective determinant of FDI. Therefore it is necessary to increase human capital, free trade, infrastructure, technological innovations and institutional quality to effectively absorb the benefit and spillover effects of FDI which boosts economic growth and development.
Spatial distribution and associated factors of iron supplementation use among pregnant women in Ethiopia; Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data: spatial and multilevel logistic regression analysis
Authors: Agegnehu Chilot Desta , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Yeshaw Yigizie , Kebede Sewnet Adem , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Although the World Health Organization recommends for all pregnant women taking iron tablet should be a routine activity, more than 50% of anemia in pregnant women was occurred due to lack of iron supplementation and remains global public health problem and varies with in country. Lack of iron tablet supplementation during pregnancy leads to maternal anemia, which intern increases the risk of maternal death, obstetric complications, preterm birth and low birth weight. Therefore, studying spatial distribution and determinants of iron supplementation use among pregnant women in Ethiopia is vital to design appropriate maternal health services and preventing the determinants earlier.
Method:

A stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique was used in the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey in 2016 data. A total of a weighted sample of 7589 pregnant women were included for analysis. Bernoulli model was used to explore the purely spatial clusters of pregnant women using SaTScan version 9.6 and ArcGIS version10.3.A multi-level logistic regression model was used to identify determinant factors of iron supplementation use among pregnant women.
Results

Spatial distribution of iron supplementation use among pregnant women was non –random in the country with Moran’s index 0.3 (p < 0.001). The primary cluster was in Southwest Somali and Central part of the Oromia region (LLR = 66.69, P < 0.001). ANC visit (AOR = 3.66, 95%CI: 3.21, 417), community education [AOR = 1.31, 95%CI, 1.07, 1.59), media exposure (AOR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.53), distance to health facility (AOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.50), region and household wealth index were significantly associated with iron supplementation use among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
Conclusion

Spatial distribution of Iron supplementation use among pregnant women varies across the country. ANC visit, region, household wealth index, media exposure, distance to the health facility, and community education were significant predictors of iron supplementation use among pregnant women. Therefore, it needs great interventions in the hot spot areas and maternal health services should be delivered in all areas of our country.
Effect of Olive Mill Wastewaters on Scenedesmus Sp. Growth, Metabolism and Phenols Removal
Authors: Moussa Ines Dahmen-Ben , Masmoudi Mohamed Ali , Feki Firas , Choura Sirine , Sayadi Sami 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The industry of olive oil produces large wastewater quantities. The elimination of these toxic by-products is an important environmental issue that requires a sufficient solution. In this study, Scenedesmus sp. was used for the simultaneous lipid and antioxidant molecules production and olive mill wastewater biodegradation.Results The two-stage olive mill wastewater cultivation did not significantly inhibit the production of microalgal biomass, compared to a single growth stage, when OMW and OMUF were supplied at the beginning of cultivation. OMUF, at 40%, enhanced the Ch a, b and carotenoids amounts (2.57, 7.4 and 1.69 mg/g dw, respectively), and protein and carbohydrate accumulation (350.96 and 315.62 ng/cell, respectively), after single phase culture. However, the highest OMUF and OMW concentrations increased total lipid content to 639. 13 and 679.86 ng/cell, respectively. About 58% of phenol removal was achieved and highest accumulation of polyphenols in algal cells with 40% OMUF condition under one stage strategy. The highest OMUF and OMW concentrations exhibited highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging ability after single and two-phase culture. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the OMUF against HEK- 293 human embryonic kidney cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The MTT assay showed that the biomass of Scenedesmus sp. cultured on Tunisian filtered olive mill waste water did not shown any toxic effect.Conclusion Our results indicate that Scenedesmus sp. is a promising microalga for the biotreatment of OMW and the production of bioactive metabolites.
Impact Of Nile Perch (Lates Niloticus) Overfishing On Technical Efficiency Of Fishers In Lake Victoria Tanzania
Authors: Mkuna Eliaza , Baiyegunhi Lloyd JS 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Lake Victoria fishery activities are of crucial economic importance to the communities around East Africa as they support the majority of fishers specifically through Nile perch fishing. As a consequence, increasing fishing pressure had also led to overfishing. This study employed the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) techniques to assess the impact of Nile perch overfishing on technical efficiency of fishers based on a survey of 268 fishers across 10 landing sites in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Results from the DEA show that, overall Nile perch fishers have average technical efficiency of 30% which indicates a high level of inefficiency. Specifically, there is no statistically significant difference in the technical efficiencies for Nile perch fishers who are overfishing and those who are not overfishing due to fisher’s mobility across the Lake. In addition, mode of propulsion and being a member of fishery organization were found to be statistically significant factors influencing inefficiency of Nile perch fishers. Furthermore, results from the probit estimates of the PSM show that being a member of fishery organization, quantity of Nile perch harvested per trip, age of a fishing vessel (boat), the gillnet mesh size and cost of fishing inputs have statistically significant effect in influencing the probability of Nile perch overfishing. However, further result indicates that Nile perch overfishing do not have statistically significant impact on fisher’s technical efficiency. Therefore, this study recommends a need to monitor and formalize fisher’s mobility as one of the alternative for co-management of the Lake. Also, overfishing can be controlled without necessarily affecting technical efficiency of Nile perch fishers through training and access to proper fishing gears.
Effect and mechanism of Acoritataninowii Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix on chronic gastritis: a network pharmacology study
Authors: Zhang Ling , Dai Yunkai , Li Yuping , Chen Weijing , Li Ruliu , Hu Ling 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Chronic gastritis (CG) is an inflammatory disease which is one of the common diseases of the digestive system. To investigate the mechanisms of herbal pair Acoritataninowii Rhizoma(Shichangpu, AR) and Curcumae Radix༈Yujin, CR༉ in treatment of CG based on the network pharmacology.
Methods

The possible active ingredients and targets of AR-CR were obtained by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The UniProt database was used to query the human gene corresponding to each target protein. The genes related to CG were collected from the GeneCards database, the OMIM database, the DisGeNET database and the PharmGKB database. Intersected the target genes of AR-CR and CG, then protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed by STRING website. The overlapped genes were subjected to gene ontology༈GO༉enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes༈KEGG༉pathway enrichment analyses by David.
Results

45 intersection genes were obtained, and there were 40 targets in the PPI network for protein interaction, the kernel targets with Degree ≥ 10 included AKT1, TNF, JUN, MAPK3, MAPK8 and MAPK1. The Go enrichment analysis was mainly related to protein binding, enzyme binding, protein homodimerization activity, etc. The KEGG pathway enrichment analyses mainly involved the Pathways in cancer, TNF signaling pathway, Apoptosis, and VEGF signaling pathway.
Conclusion

AR-CR might delayed, blocked or reversed the atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and canceration of gastric mucosa by targeting key proteins and signal pathways,achieved the effect of the treatment of CG.
WITHDRAWN: Fecal Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-Peptostreptococcus stomatis-Parvimonas micra Biomarker for Noninvasive Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Laterally Spreading Tumor
Authors: Shen Xiaonan , Li Jialu , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Yao , Li Xiaobo , Gao Qinyan , Cui Yun , Chen Xiaoyu , Chen Yingxuan , Fang Jingyuan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroudUp to now, non-invasive prediction of laterally spreading tumor (LST) and adenoma recurrence after LST resection is inevitable. The purpose of this study was to identify a microbiome signature with a high predictive effect on LSTs and a microbiome with a high predictive effect on adenoma recurrence after LSTs colectomy.MethodsWe performed 16S rRNA sequencing in mucosal samples with 5 healthy controls (HC), 8 colorectal adenoma (CRA) patients and 11 LST patients. The differentiating microbiota in fecal samples was quantified by qPCR in 475 cases including 113 HC, 208 CRA patients, 109 LST patients and 45 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We applied linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis to identify taxa differentially abundant between cases and controls. ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of bacterial candidates. Pairwise comparison of AUCs was performed using the Delong's test. Mantel-Haenszel hazard models were used to determine the effects of microbiota composition on recurrence free survival. ResultsLST microbial dysbiosis was characterized by relative high abundance of the genus Bacteroides-Streptococcus and the species enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF)-Peptostreptococcus stomatis (P. stomatis)-Parvimonas micra (P. micra). The abundance of ETBF, P. stomatis and P. micra were steadily increasing in LST and CRC groups. P.stomatis behaved stronger value on diagnosis of LST than the other two bacteria (AUC 0.887, 95%CI 0.842-0.931). The combination of P.stomatis, P.micra and ETBF (AUC 0.922, 95%CI 0.887-0.958) revealed strongest diagnostic power with 88.7% sensitivity and 81.4% specificity. ETBF, P. stomatis and P. micra were related to the malignant LST (PP. stomatis=0.0015, PP. micra =0.0255, PETBF =0.0169) and the abundance of IL-6. The relative high-abundance of P. stomatis were related to the adenoma recurrence after LST resection (HR = 3.88, P = 0.008). ConclusionsFecal microbiome signature (ETBF-P. stomatis-P. micra) can diagnose LSTs with high accuracy. ETBF, P. stomatis and P. micra were related to the malignant LST and P.stomatis exhibited a high predictive effect on the adenoma recurrence after endoscopic resection of LSTs. The signature bacteria of LST may provide a noninvasive alternative to early detect LST and predict the adenoma recurrence risk after resections.
Barriers and facilitators to the effective de-escalation of conflict behaviours in forensic high-secure settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Goodman Helena , Brooks Cat Papastavrou , Price Owen , Barley Elizabeth Alexandra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Violent and aggressive incidents are common within mental health settings and are often managed using high-risk physical interventions such as restraint and seclusion. De-escalation is a first-line technique to manage conflict behaviours and prevent violence and aggression. There is limited research into the use of de-escalation in high-secure settings. This study investigated staff, patient and carer perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to using de-escalation for conflict behaviours.Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews (n=12) and focus groups (n=3) were conducted with eight patients, four carers and twenty-five staff members in a high-secure hospital in England. Interviews and focus groups were informed by the theoretical domains framework and were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis and the COM-B behaviour change model. Results: Four themes and 15 sub-themes (barrier and facilitators) were identified. Themes related to capabilities (building relationships: knowing the patient and knowing yourself), opportunities (filling the void: challenges within the high-security environment; dynamic relationships) and motivation (keeping everyone safe). Strong staff-patient therapeutic relationships underpinned by trust, fairness, consistency and an awareness of the trauma-aggression link were considered key to successful de-escalation. Specific psychological and interpersonal skills including empathy, respect, reassurance, sincerity, genuine concern and validation of the patient perspective are needed to achieve this. Barriers related to the physical environment; organisational resources, practices and systems; staff traumatisation; hierarchical and punitive attitudes towards patient care, and an insufficient understanding of psychiatric diagnoses, especially personality disorder. It was apparent across themes that fear, which was experienced by both staff and patients, was a driver for many behaviours. Conclusions: This work has identified organizational and behaviour change targets for interventions seeking to reduce violence and restrictive practices through the use of de-escalation in high-secure hospitals. The potential for, and occurrence of, violence in such settings is high and leads to fear in patients and staff. The different factors which promote fear in each group should be addressed in de-escalation training.
Effects of Prosthetic Design Parameters on Running of Unilateral Transfemoral Amputee
Authors: Guzelbulut Cem , Suzuki Katsuyuki , Shimono Satoshi , Hobara Hiroaki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Carbon fiber running-specific prostheses (RSP) are widely used among lower-limb amputee runners. However, which prosthesis provides the best performance for a runner remains as an unanswered question. In this purpose, a computational model of the human body with prosthesis was created and the effect of prosthetic parameters on performance was investigated. Firstly, motion capture systems were used to collect data from the amputee running motion. Marker data and force plate data were obtained to create a digital human model. Kinematic data such as length of limbs, joint angles, etc. were calculated by using marker data. Then, inertial properties were estimated to conduct forward and inverse dynamic analyses. After building a computational model of amputee sprinting, joint positions and ground reaction forces (GRF) were compared with experimental results. The design parameters of the prosthesis were introduced to understand the effect of prosthesis on motion and performance. Response surface method was used to express motion adaption regarding geometry and stiffness of the prosthesis. Hip and knee sagittal joint angles were updated based on the response surface method to simulate joint motion adaptations of prosthesis worn. Then, average horizontal velocity, horizontal velocity change over one period, vertical and horizontal impulse was considered as performance functions. An evaluation parameter was proposed to generalize the idea of performance. Prosthetic knee moment and closest point of the prosthesis to the ground during the swing phase were defined as design constraints to consider knee-buckling and tripping of the prosthetic leg, respectively. The effect of design parameters on the performance and constraint functions was investigated. A method to determine and design suitable prostheses for an individual was proposed. It was revealed that the selection and design of prostheses holds an important place to increase performance.
Evaluation of Autonomic Nervous System Changes Using Short-term Heart Rate Variability During Apnea
Authors: He Baolin , Li Wenyu , Zhang Xiaotong , Wu Yanan , Liu Jing , Brewer Lara M , Yu Lu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Frequent cessations of respiration can greatly increase the prevalence rate of arrhythmia. It has been confirmed that cardiac activity is regulated by autonomic nervous system (ANS). And heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used as a method to evaluate the function of ANS. Therefore, we analyzed whether apnea can affect the balance and normal function of ANS using short-term HRV indices. Methods: Forty-five healthy subjects were asked to breathe normally and hold their breathing to simulate 10 times apnea. Thirty-six patients from the dataset of a sleep laboratory for the diagnosis of sleep disorders with 10 times apnea were included in analysis. We calculated short-term HRV indices of subjects in normal respiratory and apneic states, respectively. Results: Compared with normal respiratory state, respiration cease would lead to the values of the mean-RR, nLF, LF/HF, and α1 were significantly increase whereas the values of rMSSD and nHF were significantly decrease. Conclusions: Cessations of respiration would lead to an imbalance in function of ANS, as well as an increase in fractal characteristics of the heart. These changes in physiological state are likely to induce and cause the occurrence of arrhythmia, which is regulated by ANS.