bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a major quantitative trait locus, qGER4.2, conferring resistance to Gibberella ear rot in maize using a Chinese recombination inbred line population
Authors: Zhou Guangfei , Li Shunfa , Ma Liang , Wang Fang , Sun Yali , Ruan Xinsen , Cao Yu , Wang Qing , Gao Xiquan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Gibberella ear rot (GER), a prevalent disease caused by Fusarium graminearum, can result in yield loss and mycotoxin contamination in maize. Despite that several QTLs related to GER resistance have been reported previously, few of them was identified in Chinese maize inbred lines. In this study, we employed a Chinese recombination inbred line (RIL) population comprising of 204 lines, developed from a cross involving a resistant parent DH4866 and a susceptible line T877. The population was phenotypically evaluated at three field trial locations under artificial inoculation with F. graminearum and genotyped with an Affymetrix microarray CGMB56K SNP Array to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to GER. Results: Based on the genetic linkage map constructed using 1,868 bins as markers, a total of 15 QTLs were identified, and both DH4866 and T877 alleles at these QTLs contributed toward resistance. Of these QTLs, five were stably expressed across multiple locations, including three co-localized with previously reported genomic regions. The largest-effect QTL located on chromosome 4, qGER4.2, which accounted for 5.66~17.10% of the phenotypic variation, was detected at all locations. Based on the phenotypic values of the alleles corresponding to the five stable QTLs, a significant correlation (r2 = 0.45) between resistance to GER and the number of resistant alleles was observed. Conclusions: QTL mapping was successfully employed to identify genetic loci conferring resistance to GER by a high-density genetic map constructed from two Chinese maize germplasms. The five stable QTLs identified, especially the large-effect QTL, qGER4.2, will be useful in maize breeding programs aimed at improving GER resistance.
The effects of Qigong intervention based on internet on quality of life and physical fitness in Chinese postoperative breast cancer patients: a protocol of randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yu Lina , Dong Xiaosheng , Yuan Kai , Yi Xiangren , Shen Yuanlong , Ding Meng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to verify the improvement of remote qigong intervention on the quality of life and physical fitness of breast cancer patients after surgery by means of a randomized controlled trial, and to compare it with the conventional exercise combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training. Methods/design: The research approach applied in this study is a randomized controlled trial. After completing the baseline questionnaire and physical fitness test, participants were randomly assigned to either the qigong group or the combined exercise rehabilitation group. Patients in the qigong group performed Qigong-Baduanjin twice a week for 30 minutes each time under remote guidance and practiced Baduanjin by themselves at other times. Patients in the combined exercise rehabilitation group were given resistance training twice a week for 30 minutes under remote guidance, and walking the rest of the time. At the end of the 12-week intervention, outcomes testing and data collection were carried out. The primary outcomes are quality of life, measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FATC-B). The secondary outcomes include cardiopulmonary endurance, upper limb strength, lower limb strength and skinfold thickness.Discussion: The importance of postoperative exercise rehabilitation for breast cancer has been gradually accepted by more and more doctors and patients, but further research and development of simple and practical means of exercise rehabilitation are necessary. Remote qigong intervention for breast cancer patients via the Internet will be a great alternative.
Blepharoptosis among Korean adults: Age-related prevalence and threshold age for evaluation
Authors: Paik Ji-Sun , Han Kyungdo , Yang Suk-Woo , Park Yongkyu , Na Kyungsun , Cho Wonkyung , Jung Su-Kyung , Kim Sungeun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the prevalence of blepharoptosis among Korean adults and the characteristics of blepharoptosis patients, and to determine an appropriate age threshold for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation.Methods: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V) was conducted in 2010–2012. We extracted data on 17,878 Korean adults aged more than and equal to 19 years included in KNHANES-V, and determined blepharoptosis prevalence according to age, to determine the cutoff age for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation. We also determined the possible association between blepharoptosis and obesity parameters, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).Results: There was astrong association between older age and the prevalence of blepharoptosis. The cutoff age for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation was 63 years for males, 70 years for females, and 66 years for all patients. Patients with a high BMI and large WC had a higher prevalence of blepharoptosis in all age groups except for those aged over 80 years. The association of blepharoptosis with BMI according to age group showed that in the 50–59 and 60–69 years age groups, blepharoptosis prevalence and BMI were higher. However, in the 70–79 and 80–89 years age groups, extremely obese patients (BMI > 30) showed a decreased blepharoptosis prevalence.Conclusions: Moderate to severe blepharoptosis can result in poor visual function and exacerbate headaches and depression, leading to decreased quality of life. This study proposed an appropriate age threshold for recommending evaluation of patients with blepharoptosis among the general population of Korea.
Biometric indicators of Eyes with Occult Lens Subluxation inducing Secondary Acute Angle Closure
Authors: Xing Xiaoli , Huang Liangyu , Tian Fang , Zhang Yan , Lv Yingjuan , Liu Wei , Liu AihuaLiu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare the anterior biometrics of eyes with secondary acute angle closure induced by occult lens subluxation (ASAC-LS), misdiagnosed as acute primary angle closure (APAC) at the first visit with APAC, chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG), and cataract.
Methods : This retrospective case study included 17 eyes with angel closure due to occult LS, who were misdiagnosed as APAC on their first visit, 56 APAC eyes, 54 CPACG eyes, and 56 cataract eyes. Axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) , aqueous depth (AD) and lens thickness (LT) were recorded. Lens position (LP), relative lens position (RLP), corrected lens position (CLP) were calculated. Quantitative data were subject to one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-squared test.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to obtain a suitable cutoff value of ocular biometrics.
Results: The ASAC-LS patients had a longer ocular axial length than APACand CPACGpatients. Central corneal thickness ofthe ASAC-LSpatientswas not significantly different from APAC patients, but was significantly different from CPACG and cataract patients. The APAC patientshad the smallest ACD, while the ASAC-LS patientshad the smallest AD. The ASAC-LS patientshad the largest lens thickness. According to ROC curve analysis, RLP, ACD, AD, CLP, LP hadhigh power of discrimination.
Conclusions: This study revealed that LS secondary PAC patients had a shallower AD, thicker CCT comparing to those of APAC, CPACG and cataract patients.LP and CLP can be helpful for differential diagnosis.
Trial registration: NCT03752710, retrospectively registered.
Keywords: Lens subluxation; Acute angle-closure; Biometry; Anterior chamber depth; Lens thickness; Axial length
Crystallographic preferred orientation of talc determined by an improved EBSD procedure for sheet silicates: Implications for anisotropy at the slab–mantle interface due to Si-metasomatism
Authors: Nagaya Takayoshi , Okamoto Atsushi , Oyanagi Ryosuke , Seto Yusuke , Miyake Akira , Uno Masaoki , Muto Jun , Wallis Simon R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTalc is widely distributed over the Earth's surface and is predicted to be formed in various tectonic settings. Talc is a very soft and anisotropic sheet silicate showing very low friction behavior. Therefore, the formation of talc is expected to weaken the strength of talc-bearing rocks and may be associated with the initiation of subduction, and with a decrease in the coupling coefficient resulting in aseismic movements along faults and shear zones within subduction zones. For these reasons, understanding the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of talc is important to quantify the anisotropy and physical properties of the host rock. However, it is difficult to measure a significant number of talc crystal orientations and to evaluate the accuracy of the measurements using electron-backscattered diffraction (EBSD). Therefore, talc CPO has not been reported, and there is uncertainty regarding the estimation of the strength of deformed talc-bearing rocks. Using methods developed for antigorite, we report the first successful EBSD measurements of talc CPO from a talc schist formed due to Simetasomatism of ultramafic rocks by subduction zone fluids. We used a combination of W-SEM and FE-SEM measurements to examine domains of various grain sizes of talc. In addition, we used TEM measurements to evaluate the accuracy of the EBSD measurements and discuss the results of talc CPO analysis. Talc CPO in the present study shows a strong concentration of the pole to the (001) plane normal to the foliation. The strongest concentration of the [100] direction is parallel to the lineation. The talc schist produces similar S-wave splitting and P- and S-wave anisotropy as antigorite schist in deeper domains, thus identifying talc-rich layers in subduction zones may require a combination of geophysical surveys, seismic observations, and anisotropy modeling. The presence of strong talc CPO in rocks comprising the slab–mantle interface boundary may promote spatial expansion of the slip area during earthquakes along the base of the mantle wedge.
Texture and geochemistry of multi-stage hydrothermal scheelite in the Tongshankou porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo(-W) deposit, eastern China: Implications for ore-forming process and fluid metasomatism
Authors: Han Jinsheng , Chen Huayong , Hong Wei , Hollings Pete , Chu Gaobin , Zhang Le , Sun Siquan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Scheelite from the Tongshankou porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo(-W) deposit occurs mainly as disseminated grains in the altered granodiorite porphyries at depth (Sch A), in the skarn coeval with retrograde alteration (Sch B) and in distal quartz veins crosscutting marbles (Sch C). Cathodoluminescence (CL) responses within a single Sch A grain reveal two subtypes: CL-clear Sch A-I and CL-turbid, densely veined Sch A-II. The CL contrast, coupled with geochemical data, suggest Sch A-I was metasomatized to form Sch A-II. CL images reveal that Sch A-I, Sch B and Sch C are all homogenous, with blue luminescence and are depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREE), indicating a primary origin. However, Sch A-II is characterized by higher contents of light REE and heavy REE as well as higher Sr isotopes (0.7080–0.7100) than the primary scheelite (&lt;0.7080). These differences indicate that Sch A-II formed through dissolution-reprecipitation. The Sr isotopes of the primary scheelite (0.7073–0.7078) are generally consistent with those of the mineralized granodiorite porphyries (0.7061–0.7063) and mafic enclaves (0.7058–0.7073). The granodiorite porphyries contain low tungsten contents (3–11 ppm), whereas high tungsten contents were detected in mafic enclaves (48–75 ppm). The coexistence of mafic enclaves and tungsten mineralization at depth, and their consistent Sr isotopes, indicates that the interaction of mafic enclaves and exsolved magmatic fluids from the granodiorite porphyries may have played an important role in the extraction of tungsten from the mafic enclaves and formation of scheelite mineralization. Our work shows that scheelite geochemistry can be used to trace the mineralizing conditions but the compositions may be significantly modified during the ore-forming process. Thus, detailed textural relationships should be investigated before using scheelite geochemistry to constrain the hydrothermal fluids and ore genesis.
Expansão das escolas e colégios militares retoma a lógica da exclusão
Authors: Tiellet Maria do Horto Salles 
Published: January 2020

O artigo analisa o processo de expansão das escolas militares, através dos argumentos dos agentes públicos, na perspectiva da pesquisa exploratória de cunho descritivo. Buscou-se conhecer a justificativa para o processo de expansão de tal modelo de escola no Estado de Mato Grosso. Foram realizadas buscas sobre o assunto entre o ano de 2015 e 2018, em jornais de circulação estadual, notícias postadas em sites oficiais: da Educação, da Segurança, da PMMT, do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar e da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Mato Grosso. Usou-se, em sites mato-grossenses, o descritor “escolas militares”. Para a análise do material aplicou-se a Análise de Conteúdo de Laurence Bardin, que possibilitou a constatação de que a justificativa para a expansão das escolas militares está a qualidade do ensino, que nunca foi prioridade das políticas educacionais do Estado de Mato Grosso. O modelo implantado e sua expansão executa uma política de exclusão dos filhos dos segmentos menos favorecidos da população
Inflammatory Biomarkers for Mood Disorders - A Brief Narrative Review
Authors: Chang Hui H. , Chen Po S. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The nervous system and the immune system interact consistently in the brain and peripheries.
Inflammation in the brain not only alters the metabolism of neurotransmitters, but also causes network
dysfunction, structural changes, and the development of mood symptomology in patients with mood disorders. In
addition, the dysregulation of the neuroimmune axis in mood disorders drives multiple-system comorbidities.
Furthermore, patients with low-grade inflammation are more likely to exhibit treatment resistance with both
pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy.

Objective:
The aim of this review was to examine the available data regarding not only evidence of inflammation
in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and their comorbid conditions, but also potential inflammatory biomarkers
of mood disorders.

Methods:
Studies of the use of adjunct anti-inflammatory medications in mood disorders, and inflammatory biomarkers
that may guide treatment outcomes in mood disorders, were summarized.

Results:
Studies have demonstrated that certain adjunct anti-inflammatory medications might help to improve
mood symptoms and reduce comorbidities, and the baseline levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as peripheral
C-reactive protein (CRP), could be used to stratify the treatment outcome. All results suggested that the identification
of peripheral and brain inflammatory biomarkers for the diagnosis, outcome prediction, staging, and
stratification of interventions of mood disorders has emerged as an important area of translational research in
psychiatry.

Conclusion:
Inflammatory biomarkers could guide interventions and enhance treatment response in patients with
mood disorders. The main challenge is that substantial complexities might hamper the attainment of this goal.
Nose-to-brain Delivery of Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Bicker Joana , Fortuna Ana , Alves Gilberto , Falcão Amílcar 
Published: January 2020

Background:Several natural compounds have demonstrated potential for the treatment of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic cerebrovascular disease, glioblastoma, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis and migraine. This is due to their well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-tumor, anti-ischemic and analgesic properties. Nevertheless, many of these molecules have poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability and extensive gastrointestinal and/or hepatic first-pass metabolism, leading to a quick elimination as well as low serum and tissue concentrations. Thus, the intranasal route emerged as a viable alternative to oral or parenteral administration, by enabling a direct transport into the brain through the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. With this approach, the blood-brain barrier is circumvented and peripheral exposure is reduced, thereby minimizing possible adverse effects.Objective:Herein, brain-targeting strategies for nose-to-brain delivery of natural compounds, including flavonoids, cannabinoids, essential oils and terpenes, will be reviewed and discussed. Brain and plasma pharmacokinetics of these molecules will be analyzed and related to their physicochemical characteristics and formulation properties.Conclusion:Natural compounds constitute relevant alternatives for the treatment of brain diseases but often require loading into nanocarrier systems to reach the central nervous system in sufficient concentrations. Future challenges lie in a deeper characterization of their therapeutic mechanisms and in the development of effective, safe and brain-targeted delivery systems for their intranasal administration
Vertical Tooth Root Fracture Detection through Cone-beam Computed Tomography: An Umbrella Review Protocol Testing Four Hypotheses
Authors: Afrashtehfar Kelvin Ian , MacDonald David 
Published: January 2020

Detecting vertical root fractures represents an immense challenge for oral health professionals. One of the main tools used to detect this type of biological complication is the periapical radiograph. However, conventional radiography consists of two-dimensional imaging that is limited by the superimposition of bony structures that complicate the detection of root fractures. The alternative, a Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan, cannot be prescribed in every case since radiation should be kept to a minimum as stipulated by the “As Low As Reasonably Achievable” (ALARA) principle. Therefore, to justify the use of a CBCT scan to detect a vertical tooth root fracture, the clinician must prove that it has significant benefits over traditional imaging. Since few systematic reviews have compared CBCT technology to traditional radiography for the diagnosis of vertical root fractures, it is of utmost importance in clinical practice, especially in endodontology and clinical dental medicine, where the available reviews are examined to generate a clinical recommendation. The four hypotheses of this protocol are that(1)CBCT is superior to traditional radiography for detecting vertical root fractures of vital teeth;(2)CBCT is superior to traditional radiography for detecting longitudinal root fractures of vital teeth with radiopaque restorations;(3)CBCT is superior to traditional radiography for detecting vertical root fractures of root-filled teeth without a radiopaque post that may cause artifacts; and(4)CBCT is superior to traditional radiography for detecting vertical root fractures of root-filled teeth with a radiopaque post regardless of its longitude. To test these hypotheses, all the current secondary resources related to the aim of this meta-review are evaluated. If there is sufficient evidence to support clinical decisions, then the appropriate recommendations will be formulated.PROSPERO ID: CRD42018067792
Association of Periodontal Disease and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Farook Fathima F. , Ng Ka Ting , MNM Nuzaim , Koh Wen J. , Teoh Wan Y. 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:Several articles have suggested a potential synergistic relationship between periodontal disease and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes mellitus. However, the associations between periodontal disease and PCOS population remain unclear in the literature.Objective:The primary aim of this review is to examine the associations between periodontal disease and PCOS with different scoring methods, namely clinical attachment loss, probing depth, gingival index, percentage of bleeding on probing and plaque index.Methods:MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched for observational studies and case-control studies from its inception until 2ndJune, 2019. Case reports, case series, non-systematic reviews and trials published as abstracts were excluded.Results:Four articles (614 subjects) were included for analysis. Out of 614 subjects, 329 PCOS patients were compared to 285 healthy subjects. In comparison to healthy cohort, women with PCOS had a statistically significant increase in clinical attachment loss (MD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.55,ρ=0.002), probing depth (MD: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.21-0.48,ρ<0.001), gingival index (MD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.70-1.11,ρ<0.001) and percentage of bleeding on probing (MD: 34.41, 95% CI: 20.23-48.59,ρ<0.001). No difference was demonstrated in plaque index (MD: 0.42, 95% CI: -0.29-1.12,ρ=0.24) for both PCOS and healthy cohort.Conclusion:PCOS is significantly associated with a higher severity of the periodontal disease. This association should be emphasized during the management of PCOS patients, by including referral to dentists or periodontists for regular mechanical debridement of plaque and periodontal maintenance.
Enhancing Dental Carving Skills of Preclinical Dental Hygiene Students Using Online Dental Anatomy Resources
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah A. H. , Alhassan Eltayeb M. , Attia Mahmoud A. , Albanghali Mohammad A. 
Published: January 2020

Background:A key role of dental carving is enhancing manual proficiency and dexterity of dental hygiene students. Yet, utilizing Supplementary Online Dental Anatomy Resources (SODAR) as a supportive teaching approach has demonstrated the ability to improve carving skills.Objective:This study aims to examine the effectiveness of SODAR training in improving the quality of dental carving skills and knowledge among preclinical Saudi male students in Saudi Arabia.Methods:A basic double-blinded randomized controlled trial of 30 preclinical Saudi dental male students was conducted between January and April 2019. Participants were classified into an experimental group that received SODAR training (n= 15) and a control group comprising students who did not receive SODAR training (n= 15). Thet-test and Fisher’s exact test were performed to assess differences in theoretical knowledge between the two groups. While Cohen’s d test,t-test, and Pearson correlation were conducted to evaluate differences in students’ dental carvings.Results:Students with SODAR training performed better on practical carving sessions than those without intervention (P-value < 0.001). However, SODAR intervention had no significant effect on the theoretical knowledge evaluations in both the groups.Conclusion:SODAR training demonstrated its ability to support students learning in practical carving sessions; however, no effect on theoretical knowledge was observed. Future research should focus on factors that impact carving teaching strategies, including the quality and depth of online learning content, students’ perceptions of online learning, and experiences of teachers who run the online resources.