bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3-D numerical modelling of crustal polydiapirs with volume-of-fluid methods
Authors: Louis-Napoléon Aurélie , Gerbault Muriel , Bonometti Thomas , Thieulot Cédric , Martin Roland , Vanderhaeghe Olivier 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARY
Gravitational instabilities exert a crucial role on the Earth dynamics and in particular on its differentiation. The Earth’s crust can be considered as a multilayered fluid with different densities and viscosities, which may become unstable in particular with variations in temperature. With the specific aim to quantify crustal scale polydiapiric instabilities, we test here two codes, JADIM and OpenFOAM, which use a volume-of-fluid (VOF) method without interface reconstruction, and compare them with the geodynamics community code ASPECT, which uses a tracking algorithm based on compositional fields. The VOF method is well-known to preserve strongly deforming interfaces. Both JADIM and OpenFOAM are first tested against documented two and three-layer Rayleigh–Taylor instability configurations in 2-D and 3-D. 2-D and 3-D results show diapiric growth rates that fit the analytical theory and are found to be slightly more accurate than those obtained with ASPECT. We subsequently compare the results from VOF simulations with previously published Rayleigh–Bénard analogue and numerical experiments. We show that the VOF method is a robust method adapted to the study of diapirism and convection in the Earth’s crust, although it is not computationally as fast as ASPECT. OpenFOAM is found to run faster than, and conserve mass as well as JADIM. Finally, we provide a preliminary application to the polydiapiric dynamics of the orogenic crust of Naxos Island (Greece) at about 16 Myr, and propose a two-stages scenario of convection and diapirism. The timing and dimensions of the modelled gravitational instabilities not only corroborate previous estimates of timing and dimensions associated to the dynamics of this hot crustal domain, but also bring preliminary insight on its rheological and tectonic contexts.
Mitochondrial genetic variation is enriched in G-quadruplex regions that stall DNA synthesis in vitro
Authors: Butler Thomas J , Estep Katrina N , Sommers Joshua A , Maul Robert W , Moore Ann Zenobia , Bandinelli Stefania , Cucca Francesco , Tuke Marcus A , Wood Andrew R , Bharti Sanjay Kumar , Bogenhagen Daniel F , Yakubovskaya Elena , Garcia-Diaz Miguel , Guilliam Thomas A , Byrd Alicia K , Raney Kevin D , Doherty Aidan J , Ferrucci Luigi , Schlessinger David , Ding Jun , Brosh Robert M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As the powerhouses of the eukaryotic cell, mitochondria must maintain their genomes which encode proteins essential for energy production. Mitochondria are characterized by guanine-rich DNA sequences that spontaneously form unusual three-dimensional structures known as G-quadruplexes (G4). G4 structures can be problematic for the essential processes of DNA replication and transcription because they deter normal progression of the enzymatic-driven processes. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that mitochondrial G4 is a source of mutagenesis leading to base-pair substitutions. Our computational analysis of 2757 individual genomes from two Italian population cohorts (SardiNIA and InCHIANTI) revealed a statistically significant enrichment of mitochondrial mutations within sequences corresponding to stable G4 DNA structures. Guided by the computational analysis results, we designed biochemical reconstitution experiments and demonstrated that DNA synthesis by two known mitochondrial DNA polymerases (Pol γ, PrimPol) in vitro was strongly blocked by representative stable G4 mitochondrial DNA structures, which could be overcome in a specific manner by the ATP-dependent G4-resolving helicase Pif1. However, error-prone DNA synthesis by PrimPol using the G4 template sequence persisted even in the presence of Pif1. Altogether, our results suggest that genetic variation is enriched in G-quadruplex regions that impede mitochondrial DNA replication.
The Natural History, Treatments, and Outcomes of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Naymagon Leonard , Tremblay Douglas , Zubizarreta Nicole , Moshier Erin , Naymagon Steven , Mascarenhas John , Schiano Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a poorly described complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We sought to better characterize presentations, compare treatments, and assess outcomes in IBD-related PVT.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective investigation of IBD-related PVT at our institution. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios across treatments.

Results
Sixty-three patients with IBD-related PVT (26 with Crohn disease, 37 with ulcerative colitis) were followed for a median 21 months (interquartile ratio [IQR] = 9-52). Major risk factors included intra-abdominal surgery (60%), IBD flare (33%), and intra-abdominal infection (13%). Primary hematologic thrombophilias were rare and did not impact management. Presentations were generally nonspecific, and diagnosis was incidental. Ninety-two percent of patients (58/63) received anticoagulation (AC), including 23 who received direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), 22 who received warfarin, and 13 who received enoxaparin. All anticoagulated patients started AC within 3 days of diagnosis. Complete radiographic resolution (CRR) of PVT occurred in 71% of patients. We found that DOACs were associated with higher CRR rates (22/23; 96%) relative to warfarin (12/22; 55%): the hazard ratio of DOACs to warfarin was 4.04 (1.83-8.93; P = 0.0006)). Patients receiving DOACs required shorter courses of AC (median 3.9 months; IQR = 2.7-6.1) than those receiving warfarin (median 8.5 months; IQR = 3.9-NA; P = 0.0190). Incidence of gut ischemia (n = 3), symptomatic portal hypertension (n = 3), major bleeding (n = 4), and death (n = 2) were rare, and no patients receiving DOACs experienced these adverse outcomes.

Conclusions
We show that early and aggressive use of AC can lead to excellent outcomes in IBD-associated PVT and that DOACs are associated with particularly favorable outcomes in this setting.
Host-Range Shift Between Emerging P[8]-4 Rotavirus and Common P[8] and P[4] Strains
Authors: Khachou Amira , Le Moullac-Vaidye Béatrice , Peltier Cécile , Breiman Adrien , Imbert-Marcille Berthe-Marie , Ruvoen-Clouet Nathalie , Aouni Mahjoub , Mastouri Maha , Chouchane Slaheddine , Le Pendu Jacques 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In Tunisia, we observed that rotavirus P[8]-3 and P[4] strains in young children with gastroenteritis associate with secretor histo-blood group phenotype. In contrast, the emerging P[8]-4 strain, representing 10% of cases, was exclusively found in nonsecretor patients. Unlike VP8* from P[8]-3 and P[4] strains, the P[8]-4 VP8* protein attached to glycans from saliva samples regardless of the donor’s secretor status. Interestingly, a high frequency of FUT2 enzyme deficiency (nonsecretor phenotype) was observed in the population. This may allow cocirculation of P[8]-3 and P[8]-4 strains in secretor and nonsecretor children, respectively.
Modification of the content of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, chemical composition, and lipid nutritional indices in the meat of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed alfalfa (Medicago sativa) pellets
Authors: Montenegro Luciano F , Descalzo Adriana M , Cunzolo Sebastián A , Pérez Carolina D 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 120-d feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) feeding on growth and chemical composition, fatty acid content, and nutritional and lipid indices of the meat of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Two experimental diets were used: alfalfa pellet (AP) diet and artificial grain diet (GD). Final weight, feed conversion rate, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly greater in the GD group (P &lt; 0.05). However, no differences in the length and condition factor were observed. The composition of the meat differed between treatments. The protein content was significantly greater in the AP group (P &lt; 0.05), while the lipid and cholesterol contents were significantly greater in the GD group (P &lt; 0.05). A greater proportion of saturated, n-6 polyunsaturated, and n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids was obtained in the GD group. The AP group accumulated a greater concentration of eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids (P &lt; 0.05). The fatty acid composition of the meat determined a significant decrease in the thrombogenicity index and saturation index (S/P) in the AP group (P &lt; 0.05). The Elongase index was greater in the GD group (P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, the AP group had a greater index of Δ9 Desaturase and Δ5 + Δ6 Desaturase for n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (P &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that alfalfa feeding decreases the growth of C. idella but improves the quality of meat by increasing the protein, EPA, and DHA contents. It also reduces cholesterol content and improves nutritional indices.
Integration and Disintegration: Trade and Labor Market Integration
Authors: Peters Margaret E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
After World War II, the victors—the USA and the UK—created a liberal international order (LIO) based on integrating markets for goods and capital but not labor. The decision to remove barriers to trade in goods and capital flows have had profound effects on immigration. Trade has meant the closure of businesses in developed countries that rely on low-skill labor. When these firms closed, they took their support for low-skill immigration with them. The ability of capital to move intensified this trend: whereas once firms needed to bring labor to their capital, they can now take their capital to labor. Once these firms move, they have little incentive to fight for immigration at home. Finally, increased productivity, as both a product of and response to globalization, has meant that firms can do more with fewer workers, again decreasing demands for immigration. Together, these changes have led to less business support for immigration, allowing politicians to move to the right on immigration and pass restrictions to appease anti-immigration forces. The recent backlash to the LIO, then, has implicated the very flow—the movement of labor—that was never part of it.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with lung tumors composed of mainly ground-glass opacity
Authors: Onishi Hiroshi , Shioyama Yoshiyuki , Matsumoto Yasuo , Shibamoto Yuta , Miyakawa Akifumi , Suzuki Gen , Nishimura Yasumasa , Sasaki Ryohei , Miyawaki Daisuke , Kuriyama Kengo , Komiyama Takafumi , Marino Kan , Aoki Shinichi , Saito Ryo , Araya Masayuki , Maehata Yoshiyasu , Nonaka Hotaka , Tominaga Licht , Saito Masahide , Sano Naoki , Yamada Shogo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We retrospectively reviewed the effect of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with stage I lung cancer whose lung tumor showed a nodular appearance of ground glass opacity, so-called ground glass nodule (GGN). A total of 84 patients (42 men, 42 women; mean age, 75 years) with stage I lung cancer with GGN accompanying a solid component &lt;50% in diameter of the tumor and no metastases were studied. Concerning histology, 32 tumors were adenocarcinoma, 1 was squamous cell carcinoma, 2 were unclassified carcinoma and 49 cases were histology-unproven but increased in size or had a positive finding in 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) examination. The median tumor size was 20 mm (range, 10–41 mm). All of the patients were treated with SBRT, and the total prescribed dose at the isocenter ranged between 48 Gy in four fractions and 84 Gy in ten fractions. Median follow-up duration was 33 months. No patient had local failure nor regional lymph node failure. The 3-year rate of distant failure was 2.6%. Two patients who experienced distant metastases had a past surgical history of initial lung cancer before SBRT. The rates of cause-specific and overall survival at 3 years were 98.2 and 94.6%, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events of ≥grade 4 were not reported. Although more cases and longer follow-ups are mandatory, SBRT may be one of the radical treatment options for patients with GGN.
A rare case of acute congestive ischaemic colitis related to combined superior and inferior mesenteric arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Stefanova Irena , Huddy Jeremy R , Richardson John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVisceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are extremely rare with only a few cases described within the literature. To date, no cases of ischaemic colitis related to arteriovenous malformations affecting both superior and inferior mesenteric arteries have been reported. We report the first case of acute ischaemic colitis caused by venous congestion and reduced arterial flow due to combined AVMs in the territory of superior and inferior mesenteric arteries in a 51-year-old patient. After a multidisciplinary meeting, interventional radiology embolization was considered to be of unlikely benefit due to extensive varicosities; therefore, surgical treatment in the form of open subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy was performed. This case report demonstrates the severity and the complexity in the management of AVM-related ischaemic colitis, together with a review of the literature.
En bloc transdiaphragmatic lung resection for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Lee Kit-fai , Wong Randolph H L , Leung Howard H W , Lo Eugene Y J , Chong Charing C N , Chan Anthony W H , Lai Paul B S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A 56-year-old man presented with an 11-cm hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at segment 7 of liver. To induce left liver hypertrophy, a sequential transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and portal vein embolization before right hepatectomy were adopted. However, the tumor further increased in size despite TACE and invaded through the diaphragm to the right lung base. Anterior approach right hepatectomy with en bloc wedge resection of the involved right lower lobe of lung by endovascular staplers via transdiaphragmatic approach was performed. The diaphragmatic defect was closed with Goretex mesh. Patient made an uneventful recovery. Pathology confirmed a 12.5 cm poorly differentiated HCC invading through diaphragm to lung. During follow-up, patient developed a 6 cm recurrence at left lung base 17 months after surgery for which he received sorafenib therapy. However, the lung mass further increased in size with new liver recurrence at segment 3 despite treatment. He succumbed 2 years and 3 months after surgery.
Nebular-line emission during the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Wilkins Stephen M , Lovell Christopher C , Fairhurst Ciaran , Feng Yu , Matteo Tiziana Di , Croft Rupert , Kuusisto Jussi , Vijayan Aswin P , Thomas Peter 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Nebular emission lines associated with galactic H ii regions carry information about both physical properties of the ionized gas and the source of ionizing photons as well as providing the opportunity of measuring accurate redshifts and thus distances once a cosmological model is assumed. While nebular-line emission has been extensively studied at lower redshift there are currently only few constraints within the epoch of reionization (EoR; z &gt; 6), chiefly due to the lack of sensitive near-IR spectrographs. However, this will soon change with the arrival of the Webb Telescope providing sensitive near-IR spectroscopy covering the rest-frame UV and optical emission of galaxies in the EoR. In anticipation of Webb, we combine the large cosmological hydrodynamical simulation BlueTides with photoionization modelling to predict the nebular emission-line properties of galaxies at z = 8 → 13. We find good agreement with the, albeit limited, existing direct and indirect observational constraints on equivalent widths though poorer agreement with luminosity function constraints.
The rich lack close neighbours: the dependence of blue-straggler fraction on metallicity
Authors: Wyse Rosemary F G , Moe Maxwell , Kratter Kaitlin M 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Blue-straggler stars (BSS) have been identified in star clusters and in field populations in our own Milky Way galaxy and in its satellite galaxies. They manifest as stars bluer and more luminous than the dominant old population, and usually have a spatial distribution that follows the old population. Their progenitors are likely to have been close binaries. We investigate trends of the BSS population in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph) and in the bulge of the Milky Way and find an anticorrelation between the relative frequency of BSS and the metallicity of the parent population. The rate of occurrence of BSS in the metal-poor dwarf galaxies is approximately twice that found in the solar-metallicity bulge population. This trend of decreasing relative population of BSS with increasing metallicity mirrors that found for the close-binary fraction in the field population of the Milky Way. We argue that the dominant mode of BSS formation in low-density environments is likely to be mass transfer in close-binary systems. It then follows that the similarity between the trends for BSS in the dSph and field stars in our Galaxy supports the proposal that the small-scale fragmentation during star formation is driven by the same dominant physical process, despite the diversity in environments, plausibly gravitational instability of proto-stellar discs.
Interarm islands in the Milky Way – the one near the Cygnus spiral arm
Authors: Vallée Jacques P 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
This study extends to the structure of the Galaxy. Our main goal is to focus on the first spiral arm beyond the Perseus arm, often called the Cygnus arm or the ‘Outer Norma’ arm, by appraising the distributions of the masers near the Cygnus arm. The method is to employ masers whose trigonometric distances were measured with accuracy. The maser data come from published literature – see column 8 in Table 1 here, having been obtained via the existing networks (US VLBA, the Japanese VERA, the European VLBI, and the Australian LBA). The new results for Cygnus are split in two groups: those located near a recent CO-fitted global model spiral arm and those congregating within an ‘interarm island’ located halfway between the Perseus arm and the Cygnus arm. Next, we compare this island with other similar interarm objects near other spiral arms. Thus, we delineate an interarm island (6 × 2 kpc) located between the two long spiral arms (Cygnus and Perseus arms); this is reminiscent of the small ‘Local Orion arm’ (4 × 2 kpc) found earlier between the Perseus and Sagittarius arms and of the old ‘Loop’ (2 × 0.5 kpc) found earlier between the Sagittarius and Scutum arms. Various arm models are compared, based on observational data (masers, H II regions, H I gas, young stars, CO 1–0 gas).
Kink instabilities in relativistic jets can drive quasi-periodic radiation signatures
Authors: Dong Lingyi , Zhang Haocheng , Giannios Dimitrios 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Relativistic jets are highly collimated plasma outflows emerging from accreting black holes. They are launched with a significant amount of magnetic energy, which can be dissipated to accelerate non-thermal particles and give rise to electromagnetic radiation at larger scales. Kink instabilities can be an efficient mechanism to trigger dissipation of jet magnetic energy. While previous works have studied the conditions required for the growth of kink instabilities in relativistic jets, the radiation signatures of these instabilities have not been investigated in detail. In this paper, we aim to self-consistently study radiation and polarization signatures from kink instabilities in relativistic jets. We combine large-scale relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations with polarized radiation transfer of a magnetized jet, which emerges from the central engine and propagates through the surrounding medium. We observe that a localized region at the central spine of the jet exhibits the strongest kink instabilities, which we identify as the jet emission region. Very interestingly, we find quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) signatures in the light curve from the emission region. Additionally, the polarization degree appears to be anticorrelated to flares in the light curves. Our analyses show that these QPO signatures are intrinsically driven by kink instabilities, where the period of the QPOs is associated with the kink growth time-scale. The latter corresponds to weeks to months QPOs in blazars. The polarization signatures offer unique diagnostics for QPOs driven by kink instabilities.
Deconstructing double-barred galaxies in 2D and 3D – II. Two distinct groups of inner bars
Authors: de Lorenzo-Cáceres A , Méndez-Abreu J , Thorne B , Costantin L 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The intrinsic photometric properties of inner and outer stellar bars within 17 double-barred galaxies are thoroughly studied through a photometric analysis consisting of (i) two-dimensional (2D) multicomponent photometric decompositions, and (ii) three-dimensional (3D) statistical deprojections for measuring the thickening of bars, thus retrieving their 3D shape. The results are compared with previous measurements obtained with the widely used analysis of integrated light. Large-scale bars in single- and double-barred systems show similar sizes, and inner bars may be longer than outer bars in different galaxies. We find two distinct groups of inner bars attending to their in-plane length and ellipticity, resulting in a bimodal behaviour for the inner/outer bar length ratio. Such bimodality is related neither to the properties of the host galaxy nor the dominant bulge, and it does not show a counterpart in the dimension off the disc plane. The group of long inner bars lays at the lower end of the outer bar length versus ellipticity correlation, whereas the short inner bars are out of that relation. We suggest that this behaviour could be due to either a different nature of the inner discs from which the inner bars are dynamically formed or a different assembly stage for the inner bars. This last possibility would imply that the dynamical assembly of inner bars is a slow process taking several Gyr to happen. We have also explored whether all large-scale bars are prone to develop an inner bar at some stage of their lives, possibility we cannot fully confirm or discard.