bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 DNA decay dynamics in early treated individuals: practical considerations for clinical trial design
Authors: Bayón-Gil Ángel , Puertas Maria C , Urrea Víctor , Bailón Lucía , Morón-López Sara , Cobarsí Patricia , Brander Christian , Mothe Beatriz , Martinez-Picado Javier 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) soon after HIV-1 infection limits the establishment of viral reservoirs. Thus, early treated individuals are preferred candidates to evaluate novel viral remission strategies. However, their cART-dependent HIV-1 DNA decay dynamics are still poorly defined. This can hamper the design and interpretation of results from clinical trials intended to further reduce viral reservoirs.

Objectives
To clarify the duration of cART needed for the HIV-1 reservoir to be stabilized in early treated individuals.

Methods
We characterized the longitudinal decline of total HIV-1 DNA levels by droplet digital PCR in 21 individuals initiating cART within 6 months after estimated HIV-1 acquisition. Measurements were taken at cART initiation, after 6 months and annually until Year 4. Correlations between virological and clinical parameters were statistically analysed. Statistical modelling was performed applying a mixed-effects model.

Results
Total HIV-1 DNA experienced a median overall decrease of 1.43 log10 units (IQR = 1.17–1.69) throughout the 4 years of follow-up. Baseline levels for total HIV-1 DNA, viral load, absolute CD4+ T cell count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio correlate with final HIV-1 DNA measurements (R2 = 0.68, P &lt; 0.001; R2 = 0.54, P = 0.012; R2 = −0.47, P = 0.031; and R2 = −0.59, P = 0.0046, respectively). Statistical modelling shows that after 2 years on cART the viral reservoir had reached a set point.

Conclusions
A waiting period of 2 years on cART should be considered when designing interventions aiming to impact latent HIV-1 reservoir levels and viral rebound kinetics after cART discontinuation, in order to facilitate interpretation of results and enhance the chance of viral control.
DNMT1 promotes cell proliferation via methylating hMLH1 and hMSH2 promoters in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Xiao-Yu , Chen Hua-Chun , Li Wen-Wen , Yan Jia-Dong , Lv Ruo-Ya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is a common form of epigenetic alterations and it has been proved to be closely related to many cancers, while its role in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not clear. This study focuses on the role of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in EGFR-mutated NSCLC pathogenesis. First, the expression of DNMT1 was up-regulated, while the expressions of human mutL homolog 1(hMLH1) and human mutS homolog 2 (hMSH2) were down-regulated in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients and cell line HCC827. The results of the correlation analysis showed that DNMT1 expression was inversely correlated with the expressions of hMLH1 and hMSH2. Then, we found that DNMT1 enhanced the promoter methylation levels of hMLH1 and hMSH2, thus suppressing their expressions. DNMT1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of HCC827 cells, while both hMLH1 knockdown and hMSH2 knockdown could eliminate its inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. In xenograft mouse models, lentiviral vector-sh-DNMT1 could significantly reduce tumor volumes, confirmed that DNMT1 inhibited tumor cell proliferation in vivo. In conclusion, DNMT1 suppressed the expressions of hMLH1 and hMSH2 via elevating their promoter methylation, thus promoting cell proliferation in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
MicroRNA-1323 downregulation promotes migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by targeting tumour protein D52
Authors: Xu Yuanying , Liu Meiyan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies globally in women, with high mortality rate as a result of tumour metastasis. MicroRNAs play vital roles in the occurrence and development of human cancer. This study aimed to investigate the biological roles of miR-1323 in BC. The expression levels of miR-1323 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR assay. The effect of miR-1323 on BC cell proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assay. Wound healing analysis and Matrigel Transwell assay were conducted to evaluate miR-1323-mediated BC cell migration and invasion. A luciferase reporter assay was used to test the target of miR-1323. We found that miR-1323 levels were downregulated in BC tissues and serums. Low-miR-1323 levels were associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage. Tumour protein D52 (TPD52) was identified as a direct target of miR-1323. Low expression of miR-1323 contributed to the overexpression of TPD52 leading to enhanced BC progression. Our findings suggest that silencing of miR-1323 enhances BC development by regulating TPD52 expression, suggesting that miR-1323 and TPD52 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for BC treatment.
Radiation on Medfly Larvae of tsl Vienna-8 Genetic Sexing Strain Displays Reduced Parasitoid Encapsulation in Mass-Reared Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Suárez Lorena , Buonocore Biancheri María Josefina , Sánchez Guillermo , Cancino Jorge , Murúa Fernando , Bilbao Mariana , Molina Diego , Laria Osvaldo , Ovruski Sergio M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImprovements in the mass rearing of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) on larvae of the Vienna-8 temperature-sensitive lethal genetic sexing strain of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (= GSS Vienna-8) at the San Juan biofactory, Argentina, are currently under way. Lowering cost production is a key factor regarding parasitoid rearing. Thus, the variation in mass-reared parasitoid encapsulation levels and the incidence of superparasitism were determined; also, the gamma radiation dose-effect relation on host larvae and the influence of Mediterranean fruit fly strain were considered. Naked Mediterranean fruit fly larvae of both GSS Vienna-8 and a wild bisexual strain (= WBS) aged 6-d-old were irradiated at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 Gy, and exposed to parasitoid females. Melanization level was tested for encapsulated parasitoid larval first-instars (= L1). Non-irradiated and irradiated WBS larvae at 20–40 Gy displayed a significantly higher incidence of encapsulation when compared with GSS Vienna-8 larvae. The low melanized level in encapsulated parasitoid L1 was the most common melanization process at 72 h puparium dissection. A high melanized level was only found in non-irradiated WBS larvae. Irradiated GSS Vienna-8 larvae can neutralize the host immunological reactions over irradiated WBS larvae much more quickly. Superparasitism intensity in both Mediterranean fruit fly strains was not affected by radiation doses. High levels of superparasitism seemingly helped to overcome the host’s immune reaction by the surviving parasitoid larva. Parasitoid emergence increased from 60 Gy onwards in both Mediterranean fruit fly strains. Radiation in GSS Vienna-8 larvae may favor host’s antagonistic reactions decrease in relation with D. longicaudata development.
Development of Binomial Sequential Sampling Plans for Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Commercial Grain Sorghum
Authors: Lindenmayer Jessica C , Giles Kristopher L , Elliott Norman C , Knutson Allen E , Bowling Robert , Brewer Michael J , Seiter Nicholas J , McCornack Brian , Brown Sebe A , Catchot Angus L , Royer Tom A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) is a significant economic pest of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in the Southern United States. Current nominal and research-based economic thresholds are based on estimates of mean aphids per leaf. Because enumerating aphids per leaf is potentially time consuming, binomial sequential sampling plans for M. sacchari were developed that allow users to quickly classify the economic status of field populations and determine when an economic threshold has been exceeded. During 2016 and 2017, counts of M. sacchari were recorded from 281 sampling events in 140 sorghum fields located in six states (Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi) . Regression analysis was used to describe the relationships between the mean M. sacchari density per two-leaf sample and proportion of plants infested with one or more aphids. Tally thresholds of T50 and T100 aphids per two-leaf sample were selected based on goodness of fit and practicality. Stop lines for both tally thresholds were developed for selected economic thresholds using Wald’s sequential probability ratio test. Model validations using an additional 48 fields demonstrated that reliable classification decisions could be made with an average of 11 samples regardless of location. This sampling system, when adopted, can allow users to easily and rapidly determine when M. sacchari infestations need to be treated.
A rare case of emphysematous pancreatitis: managing a killer without the knife
Authors: Page Daniel , Ratnayake Sujith 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Emphysematous pancreatitis (EP) is a rare and severe complication of acute pancreatitis carrying a high mortality with only a handful of case reports and small studies reporting these cases and their management. The presence of emphysematous pancreatitis is often indicative of infected pancreatic necrosis with the mainstay of treatment being pancreatic necrosectomy; however there are cases where it may be appropriate to have a trial of conservative management, and there is a small body of evidence to support this. This paper describes a case of an 87-year-old male with acute emphysematous pancreatitis successfully managed with conservative cares.
Probability of simultaneous parallax detection for free-floating planet microlensing events near Galactic Centre
Authors: Ban M 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The event rate and the efficiency of mass estimation for free-floating planet (FFP) microlensing events were determined from the simulation of the simultaneous parallax observations by Euclid, WFIRST, and LSST. The stellar population from the Besançon Galactic model toward (l, b) = (1°, −1.°75) was applied to our 3D microlensing model, and 30 000 parallax observations were simulated for each following FFP lens masses: Jupiter mass, Neptune mass, and Earth mass assuming the population of one FFP per star. The interstellar dust, unresolved stellar background, nearby star blending was modelled. A signal-to-noise limit considering a finite source effect determined the event detectability. The Euclid–WFIRST combination yielded 30.7 Jupiter-mass FFPs during two 30-d periods per year in parallax observation. The parallax event rate decreases to 3.9 FFPs for Earth-mass planets. The mass estimation from the parallax light curve allowed recovery of FFP masses to within a factor of 2 for 20–26 per cent of cases. The Euclid–LSST combination yielded 34.5 Jupiter-mass FFPs down to 0.5 Earth-mass FFPs for the same periods and the mass is recovered to within a factor of 2 in 20–40 per cent of cases. The event rate will be normalized by the unknown FFP abundance to recover the number of expected detections.
The resonant drag instability of dust streaming in turbulent protoplanetary disc
Authors: Zhuravlev V V 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Damping of the previously discovered resonant drag instability (RDI) of dust streaming in the protoplanetary disc is studied using the local approach to dynamics of gas–dust perturbations in the limit of the small dust fraction. Turbulence in a disc is represented by the effective viscosity and diffusivity in equations of motion for gas and dust, respectively. In the standard case of the Schmidt number (ratio of the effective viscosity to diffusivity) Sc = 1, the reduced description of RDI in terms of the inertial wave (IW) and the streaming dust wave (SDW) falling in resonance with each other reveals that damping solution differs from the inviscid solution simply by adding the characteristic damping frequency to its growth rate. RDI is fully suppressed at the threshold viscosity, which is estimated analytically, first, for radial drift, next, for vertical settling of dust, and at last, in the case of settling combined with a radial drift of the dust. In the last case, RDI survives up to the highest threshold viscosity, with a greater excess for smaller solids. Once Sc ≠ 1, a new instability specific for dissipative perturbations on the dust settling background emerges. This instability of the quasi-resonant nature is referred to as settling viscous instability (SVI). The mode akin to SDW (IW) becomes growing in a region of long waves provided that Sc &gt; 1 (Sc &lt; 1). SVI leads to an additional increase in the threshold viscosity.
Associating divergent lncRNAs with target genes by integrating genome sequence, gene expression and chromatin accessibility data
Authors: Wang Yongcui , Chen Shilong , Li Wenran , Jiang Rui , Wang Yong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recent RNA knockdown experiments revealed that a dozen divergent long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) positively regulate the transcription of genes in cis. Here, to understand the regulatory mechanism of divergent lncRNAs, we proposed a computational model IRDL (Identify the Regulatory Divergent LncRNAs) to associate divergent lncRNAs with target genes. IRDL took advantage of the cross-tissue paired expression and chromatin accessibility data in ENCODE and a dozen experimentally validated divergent lncRNA target genes. IRDL integrated sequence similarity, co-expression and co-accessibility features, battled the scarcity of gold standard datasets with an increasingly learning framework and identified 446 and 977 divergent lncRNA-gene regulatory associations for mouse and human, respectively. We found that the identified divergent lncRNAs and target genes correlated well in expression and chromatin accessibility. The functional and pathway enrichment analysis suggests that divergent lncRNAs are strongly associated with developmental regulatory transcription factors. The predicted loop structure validation and canonical database search indicate a scaffold regulatory model for divergent lncRNAs. Furthermore, we computationally revealed the tissue/cell-specific regulatory associations considering the specificity of lncRNA. In conclusion, IRDL provides a way to understand the regulatory mechanism of divergent lncRNAs and hints at hundreds of tissue/cell-specific regulatory associations worthy for further biological validation.
Organic topological insulators (OTI): a dream coming true?
Authors: Zhi Danfeng , Di Chong-an , Zhu Daoben 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Experimental discovery of organic topological insulators (OTI) is a dream for both topological matters and organic materials. Despite great challenges, we anticipate that the dream will become a reality by engineered studies on materials chemistry, characterization techniques and device physics of conjugated molecules.
Discovery of a transient X-ray source Suzaku J1305−4930 in NGC 4945
Authors: Ide Shuntaro , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Noda Hirofumi , Kurubi Hiroyuki , Yoneyama Tomokage , Matsumoto Hironori 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We report the serendipitous discovery of a transient X-ray source, Suzaku J1305−4930, ∼3 kpc southwest of the nucleus of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 4945. Among the seven Suzaku observations of NGC 4945 from 2005 to 2011, Suzaku J1305−4930 was detected four times in July and August in 2010. The X-ray spectra are better approximated with a multi-color disk model than a power-law model. At the first detection on 2010 July 4–5, its X-ray luminosity was $(8.9^{+0.2}_{-0.4}) \times 10^{38}\:$erg s−1 and the temperature at the inner-disk radius (kTin) was 1.12 ± 0.04 keV. At the last detection with Suzaku on 2010 August 4–5, the luminosity decreased to $(2.2^{+0.3}_{-0.8}) \times 10^{38}\:$erg s−1 and kTin was 0.62 ± 0.07 keV. The source was not detected on 2011 January 29, about six months after the first detection, with a luminosity upper limit of 2.4 × 1038 erg s−1. We also find an absorption feature which is similar to that reported in Cyg X-1. Assuming the standard disk, we suggest that Suzaku J1305−4930 consists of a black hole with a mass of ∼10 $M_\odot$. The relation between the disk luminosity and kTin is not reproduced with the standard model of a constant inner radius but is better approximated with a slim-disk model.
Ontogenetic changes in the elemental composition and stoichiometry of marine copepods with different life history strategies
Authors: Saiz Enric , Griffell Kaiene , Calbet Albert 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We describe the ontogenetic variation in elemental and stoichiometric composition of two copepod species with very contrasted life history patterns, the calanoid Paracartia grani and the cyclopoid Oithona davisae. The first species is a broadcasting, highly productive copepod, whereas the latter is an egg-carrying copepod, much less productive. We reared cultures of both species under conditions of excess food and analyzed their C, N and P composition, and their molar ratios, along development. Both species differed on their specific P content, whereas the specific C and N content were similar. As expected, the specific P content of P. grani was higher, resulting in lower C:P and N:P ratios. Furthermore, we compared our elemental composition data with previously reported stage-specific (nauplii and adult female) maximum growth rates of these two species. We found that for O. davisae, the ontogenetic variation in specific P content agreed with the reported differences in growth rate along development; however, in the case of P. grani, in which juvenile and adult maximum growth rates are similar, the variations in specific P content along development did not reflect the growth rate pattern.
Trauma and Suicide Risk in College Students: Does Lack of Agency, Lack of Pathways, or Both Add to Further Risk?
Authors: Lucas Abigael G , Chang Edward C , Li Mingqi , Chang Olivia D , Yu Elizabeth A , Hirsch Jameson K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present study sought to examine trauma history and hope as predictors of suicide risk in a sample of 561 college students. Furthermore, authors aimed to understand whether the lack of hope agency and hope pathways contributed to further risk for suicide, above and beyond trauma history. Results suggested that trauma history and hope agency were significant and unique predictors of suicide risk among college students. More specifically, hope agency accounted for additional variance in the prediction model of suicide risk, beyond that accounted for by trauma history. Some implications of the present findings for social work practice are discussed.
Obesity as a Source of Endogenous Compounds Associated With Chronic Disease: A Review
Authors: Smith Carr J , Perfetti Thomas A , Hayes A Wallace , Berry Sir Colin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn 2014, it was estimated that more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight with over 600 million classifiable as obese. Approximately two-thirds of U.S. adults over 20 years of age are currently overweight with about 35% classified as obese, a figure thought likely to reach 42% by 2030 in those over 18 years of age. Adipose cells from stored body fat secrete estrogen and a very large number (&gt; 500) of biologically active substances termed adipokines, in addition to inducing, by other cell-driven effects, pathological alterations in insulin pathways. The U.S. National Cancer Institute reports that exposure to the hormone disrupting and proinflammatory effects of excess adipose tissue are associated with an increased risk for 11 different cancers. Obesity is also associated with a number of serious non-neoplastic conditions including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes; menstrual cycle irregularities and lowered fertility (men and women); and abnormal bone morphology in a subset of female patients. In men hypogonadism, low testosterone levels, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lowered sperm counts have been reported. In developed countries, the endogenous adverse health burden associated with obesity is only matched, quantitatively and qualitatively, by the exogenous toxicity of cigarette smoking. The investigation of possible hormonal and/or proinflammatory effects of chemicals should include an assessment of the profound endocrine alterations associated with obesity.
The Safety and Efficacy of Intralesional Verapamil Versus Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Zheng-Ying , Liao Xin-Cheng , Liu Ming-Zhuo , Fu Zhong-Hua , Min Ding-Hong , Guo Guang-Hua 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Keloids and hypertrophic scars often result after skin trauma. Currently, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) is the criterion standard in nonsurgical management of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Intralesional verapamil may be an effective alternative modality, but it has been insufficiently studied. Accordingly, the study authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the efficacy and safety of the two drugs.

METHODS
The study authors systematically searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for relevant trials published in any language through September 2018.

RESULTS
According to the four studies included in this review, TAC improved scar pliability and vascularity more than verapamil after 3 weeks (P < .05). For scar height and scar pigmentation, no statistical difference was observed between the treatments (P > .05). The difference in effects on symptoms was not statistically significant (P = .89). For pain and telangiectasia, no statistical difference was observed (P > .05). Verapamil resulted in fewer cases of skin atrophy (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS
It appears that TAC is more effective than verapamil for improving scar pliability and vascularity in keloids and hypertrophic scars after 3 weeks of treatment. However, verapamil has fewer adverse drug reactions than TAC, which allows for a longer treatment period and the possibility that it might be effective for patients who cannot receive TAC.