bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression profiles of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes in turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) at different developmental stages and effect of transformed flavin‐containing monooxygenase genes on hairy root glucosinolate content
Authors: Yang Ya , Hu Yue , Yue Yanling , Pu Yanan , Yin Xin , Duan Yuanwen , Huang Aixia , Yang Yunqiang , Yang Yongping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites, mainly existing in Brassica vegetables. Their breakdown products have health benefits and contribute to the distinctive taste of these vegetables. Because of their high value, there is a lot of interest in developing breeding strategies to increase the content of beneficial GSLs in Brassica species. GSLs are synthesized from certain amino acids and their biological roles depend largely on the structure of their side chains. Flavin‐containing monooxygenase (FMOGS‐OX) genes are involved in the synthesis of these side chains. To better understand GSL biosynthesis, we sequenced the transcriptomes of turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) tubers at four developmental stages (S1–S4) and determined their GSL content.RESULTSThe total GSL content was high at the early stage (S1) of tuber development and increased up to S3, then decreased at S4. We detected 61 differentially expressed genes, including five FMOGS‐OX genes, that were related for GSL biosynthesis among the four developmental stages. Most of these genes were highly expressed at stages S1 to S3, but their expression was much lower at S4. We estimated the effect of the five FMOGS‐OX genes on GSL content by overexpressing them in turnip hairy roots and found that the amount of aliphatic GSLs increased significantly in the transgenic plants.CONCLUSIONThe transcriptome data and characterization of genes involved in GSL biosynthesis, particularly the FMOGS‐OX genes, will be valuable for improving the yield of beneficial GSLs in turnip and other Brassica crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Enantioseparation of acetyltropic acid by countercurrent chromatography with sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector
Authors: Qiu Xujun , Sun Wenyu , Wang Chaoyue , Yan Jizhong , Tong Shengqiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcetyltropic acid is an important synthetic intermediate for preparation of tropane alkaloid derivatives, which can be used as anticholinergic drugs, deliriants, and stimulants. In the present work, acetyltropic acid was successfully enantioseparated by countercurrent chromatography using sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector. A biphasic solvent system composed of n‐butyl acetate/n‐hexane/0.1 mol/L citrate buffer at pH = 2.2 containing 0.1 mol/L of sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin (7:3:10, v/v) was selected, which produced a suitable distribution ratio DS = 1.14, DR = 2.31 and a high enantioseparation factor α = 2.03. Baseline separation was achieved for preparative enantioseparation of 50 mg of racemic acetyltropic acid. A method for chiral analysis of acetyltropic acid by conventional reverse phase liquid chromatography with hydroxylpropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as mobile phase additive was established, and formation constants of inclusion complex were determined. It was found that different substituted β‐cyclodextrin should be selected for enantioseparation of acetyltropic acid by countercurrent chromatography and reverse phase liquid chromatography.
Neuromuscular blockade management for intraoperative neural monitoring
Authors: Lu I‐Cheng , Wu Sheng‐Hua , Wu Che‐Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article reviews the literature on development of neuromuscular blockade management in thyroid surgery with intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) in the past decade. Neuromuscular blockade management includes the choice of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) and reversal of neuromuscular blockade by sugammadex. A series of animal study and clinical trials showed NMBAs effect on IONM in thyroid surgery. We summarized five NMBA regimens for IONM: (a) relaxant‐free regimen, (b) depolarizing NMBA‐succinylcholine, (c) titration of nondepolarizing NMBA, and (d) rocuronium combined with sugammadex. The proper management of neuromuscular blockade during IONM has greatly developed over the past decade. The misuse of NMBAs is associated with false IONM interpretations to surgeons. A detailed understanding of NMBAs and neuromuscular blockade management by sugammadex may optimize IONM quality in patients receiving monitored thyroid surgery.
Endoscopic versus microscopic stapes surgery outcomes: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Koukkoullis Alexandros , Tóth István , Gede Noémi , Szakács Zsolt , Hegyi Péter , Varga Gábor , Pap István , Harmat Kinga , Németh Adrienn , Szanyi István , Lujber László , Gerlinger Imre , Révész Péter 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveCompare intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic stapes surgery to provide objective evidence on whether the former is a better alternative than the latter.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis for studies that compared endoscopic stapes surgery with microscopic stapes surgery. Only studies that met predetermined criteria were selected and assessed for bias and quality. Primary outcomes were postoperative air–bone gap (ABG) and chorda tympani nerve injury. Secondary outcomes were average operating time, tympanic membrane (TM) perforation, and postoperative taste disturbance, pain, and dizziness. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% CI for continuous outcomes. A confidence interval starting above 1.0 was considered as statistically significant. I2 and χ2 tests were used to quantify statistical heterogeneity. We used funnel plots to look for publication bias and performed a sensitivity analysis.ResultsSix nonrandomized cohort studies were eligible. The primary outcomes were ABG < 10 dB: OR = 1.80 (95% CI: 0.96 to 3.38), ABG = 11 dB to 20 dB: OR = 1.49 (95% CI: 0.76 to 2.93), ABG > 20 dB: OR = 2.51 (95% CI: 0.77 to 8.22), and chorda tympani injury: OR = 3.51 (95% CI: 1.55 to 7.93). Secondary outcomes were taste: OR = 2.36 (95% CI: 1.01 to 5.51), average operation time: WMD = 0.14 (95% CI: −11.69 to 11.98), TM perforation: OR = 1.70 (95% CI: 0.44 to 6.58); pain: OR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.36 to 1.96), and dizziness: OR = 2.15 (95% CI: 0.94 to 4.89).ConclusionsEndoscopic stapes surgery is a valid alternative to the microscope.Level of Evidence2a Laryngoscope, 130: 2019–2027, 2020
The Natural History of Vocal Fold Cysts
Authors: Kirke Diana N. , Sulica Lucian 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the natural history of vocal fold cysts, by undertaking a retrospective analysis of data from a single clinical institute.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with vocal fold cysts were identified from January 2006 to June 2018. A total of 87 patients that elected not to have surgery or who had an interval of observation greater than 90 days prior to surgical intervention were further analyzed. The primary outcome was whether the cyst enlarged, reduced in size, resolved or ruptured. The secondary outcome measures were whether cyst characteristics (translucent or opaque by gross appearance and/or the presence of inflammation), voice therapy or duration of follow up (≤/> 300 days) had an impact upon natural history.ResultsThere were 65 females and 22 males (47 years ±17). The mean duration of follow up was 589 days (Range 21 – 4523 days). The majority of cysts did not change (70.11%). The rest enlarged (12.64%), reduced in size (13.79%), resolved (1.15%) or ruptured (1.15%). There was no statistically significant relationship between the presence or absence of clinical signs of inflammation (P = .633) or voice therapy (P = .785) on natural history. There was an equivocal relationship between gross cyst appearance and natural history (P = .054), however there was a statistically significant relationship between the duration of follow up (P = .006) and natural history.ConclusionMost vocal fold cysts appear to remain static in size over time. About 30% change, with half of these enlarging and half shrinking. In addition to some possibility of change in size, there is a small chance of resolution or spontaneous rupture with potentially serious consequences to the voice.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 130:2202–2207, 2020
Time‐series observations of photosynthetic oxygen production in the subtropical western North Pacific by an underwater profiling buoy system
Authors: Fujiki Tetsuichi , Inoue Ryuichiro , Honda Makio C. , Wakita Masahide , Mino Yoshihisa , Sukigara Chiho , Abe Osamu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe conducted time‐series observations in the northwestern part of the North Pacific subtropical gyre (30°N, 145°E) from July 2012 to March 2013 using a profiling buoy system equipped with a fast repetition rate fluorometer and dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor in order to understand vertical and temporal variations in gross oxygen production (GOP) by phytoplankton and its contribution to the oxygen cycle in the upper ocean. Under stratified conditions (July–November), daily GOP slightly exceeded 2 mmol O2 m−3 d−1 and only in near‐surface waters. However, during periods of vertical mixing (December–March) when phytoplankton blooms occurred, daily GOP increased in the upper 30 m and often exceeded 5 mmol O2 m−3 d−1. The depth‐integrated daily GOP within the euphotic layer (∫GOPEL) was relatively low (84.0 ± 23.6 mmol O2 m−2 d−1) during stratification, but increased gradually with vertical mixing and reached 460 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 on 17 March 2013. Additionally, during stratified conditions, a subsurface oxygen maximum (SOM) formed below the mixed‐layer depth (MLD) because the steep density gradient constrained upward diffusion of oxygen produced below the MLD. During the period of vertical mixing, the SOM disappeared, and DO concentrations within the upper 100 m increased through both increasing ∫GOPEL and atmospheric oxygen uptake. Using our buoy observations and air–sea gas flux model, we estimated that 24% ± 7% of ∫GOPEL was emitted to the atmosphere during the stratification period, and ∫GOPEL during the mixing period was about 2.4 times the rate of oxygen uptake by the ocean from the atmosphere.
Effect of Aromatic Co‐Solvents on the Efficiency of Atom Transfer Radical Coupling Reactions of Fluorinated and Non‐Fluorinated Vinyl Aromatic Polymers
Authors: Ching Megan E. , Lee Jaenic J. , Wu Jessica P. , Andry Joseph J. , Tillman Eric S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMonobrominated versions of poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PPFSBr), polystyrene (PSBr), and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMABr) are prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and employed in a variety of atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC)‐type reactions to observe the impact of external aromatic faces on the extent of coupling (Xc). In ATRC reactions assisted with the radical trap 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane (MNP), Xc is nearly unchanged when the electron‐rich benzene co‐solvent (50% v/v with THF) is replaced with the electron‐poor hexafluorobenzene (HFB) for PSBr and PMABr. In the case of PPFSBr, the addition of benzene to the reaction mixture results in far lower extents of coupling (Xc < 0.2). 1H NMR spectra of the radical trap MNP in HFB show greater aggregation to the inactive form, compared to the spectra obtained in benzene. To remove the effect of the radical trap interacting with the aromatic co‐solvent and altering the rate of coupling, traditional ATRC reactions are performed with the same co‐solvent systems and, in this case, HFB results in higher Xc values across all polymer types. This is consistent with HFB pushing the position of the KATRP further toward the active radical, while benzene increases the reactivity of the MNP radical trap.
On differential equations with interval coefficients
Authors: Gasilov Nizami A. , Emrah Amrahov Şahin 
Published: November 2019

In this study, a new approach is developed to solve the initial value problem for interval linear differential equations. In the considered problem, the coefficients and the initial values are constant intervals. In the developed approach, there is no need to define a derivative for interval‐valued functions. All derivatives used in the approach are classical derivatives of real functions. The reason for this is that the solution of the problem is defined as a bunch of real functions. Such a solution concept is compatible also with the robust stability concept.Sufficient conditions are provided for the solution to be expressed analytically. In addition, on a numerical example, the solution obtained by the proposed approach is compared with the solution obtained by the generalized Hukuhara differentiability. It is shown that the proposed approach gives a new type of solution. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that the solution to the considered interval initial value problem exists and is unique, as in the real case.
Synthesizing images from multiple kernels using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Missert Andrew D. , Yu Lifeng , Leng Shuai , Fletcher Joel G. , McCollough Cynthia H. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeFiltering measured projections with a particular convolutional kernel is an essential step in analytic reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images. A tradeoff between noise and spatial resolution exists for different choices of reconstruction kernel. In a clinical setting, this often requires producing multiple images reconstructed with different kernels for a single CT exam, which increases the burden of computation, networking, archival, and reading. We address this problem by training a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to synthesize multiple input images into a single output image which exhibits low noise while also preserving features in images reconstructed with the sharpest kernels.MethodsA CNN architecture consisting of repeated blocks of residual units containing a total of 20 convolutional layers was used to combine features. The CNN inputs consisted of two images produced with different reconstruction kernels, one smooth and one sharp, which were stacked in the channel dimension. The network was trained using supervised learning with both full‐dose and simulated quarter‐dose abdominal CT images. After training, the performance was evaluated using a reserved set of full‐dose scans that were not used for network optimization. Noise reduction performance was measured by comparing root mean square (RMS) measurements in uniform regions. Spatial resolution was compared using line profiles of anatomic features.ResultsFor the regions tested, the synthetic images feature noise levels slightly below those of the smooth input images, while maintaining the resolution of anatomic details found in the sharp input images.ConclusionsA deep CNN can be used combine features from CT images reconstructed with different kernels to produce a single synthesized image series that exhibits both low noise and high spatial resolution. This approach has implications for improving image quality, reducing radiation dose, and simplifying the clinical workflow for CT imaging.
Effect of the solvent on the conformation of monocrotaline as determined by isotropic and anisotropic NMR parameters
Authors: de Melo Sousa Cleyton Marcos , Giordani Raquel Brandt , de Almeida Wamberto Alristenio Moreira , Griesinger Christian , Gil Roberto R. , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando , Hallwass Fernando 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe conformation in solution of monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid presenting an eleven‐membered macrocyclic diester ring, has been investigated using a combination of isotropic and anisotropic nuclear magnetic resonance parameters measured in four solvents of different polarity (D2O, DMSO‐d6, CDCl3, and C6D6). Anisotropic nuclear magnetic resonance parameters were measured in different alignment media, based on their compatibility with the solvent of interest: cromoglycate liquid crystal solution was used for D2O, whereas a poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer gel was chosen for CDCl3 and C6D6, and a poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gel for DMSO‐d6. Whereas the pyrrolizidine ring shows an E6 exo‐puckered conformation in all of the solvents, the macrocyclic eleven‐membered ring adopts different populations of syn‐parallel and anti‐parallel relative orientation of the carbonyl groups according to the polarity of the solvent.
Hadamard acquisition of 13C–13C 2‐D correlation NMR spectra
Authors: Paluch Piotr , Kupče Ēriks , Trébosc Julien , Lafon Olivier , Amoureux Jean‐Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe show that a multiselective excitation with Hadamard encoding is a powerful tool for 2‐D acquisition of 13C─13C homonuclear correlations. This method is not designed to improve the sensitivity, but rather to reduce the experiment time, provided there is sufficient sensitivity. Therefore, it allows fast acquisition of such 2‐D spectra in labeled molecules. The technique has been demonstrated using a U─13C─15N histidine hydrochloride monohydrate sample allowing each point of the build‐up curves of the 13C─13C cross‐peaks to be recorded within 4 min 35 s, which is very difficult with conventional methods. Using the U─13C─15N f‐MLF sample, we have demonstrated that the method can be applied to molecules with 14 13C resonances with a minimum frequency separation of 240 Hz.
Investigation of 205Tl NMR shielding, structural, and electronical properties in thallium halides by applying PBE‐GGA, YS‐PBE0 and mBJ functionals
Authors: Bashi M. , Rahnamaye Aliabad H.A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report the structural, electronical, and heavy nuclear 205Tl Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) shielding properties of thallium halides TlX (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) by the first principles calculation. The Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof Generalized Gradient Approximation, Yukawa Screened‐PBE0 hybrid functional, and modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) functionals including the relativistic and spin‐orbit coupling effects are applied for calculation of the exchange‐correlation potentials. Calculated PDOS spectra display that the valence band is composed of the X‐s, Tl‐5d, X‐p, and Tl‐6s states, and these states play an important role in 205Tl NMR shielding. Our findings indicate that the nuclear magnetic shielding parameters depend on the electronic properties. Obtained results by mBJ show that there is a close agreement between the experimental and the calculated NMR parameters.
Quantitative three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time cones imaging of the knee joint with motion correction
Authors: Wu Mei , Zhao Wei , Wan Lidi , Kakos Lena , Li Liang , Jerban Saeed , Jang Hyungseok , Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang , Ma Ya‐Jun 
Published: November 2019

Knee degeneration involves all the major tissues in the joint. However, conventional MRI sequences can only detect signals from long T2 tissues such as the superficial cartilage, with little signal from the deep cartilage, menisci, ligaments, tendons and bone. It is highly desirable to develop new sequences that can detect signal from all major tissues in the knee.We aimed to develop a comprehensive quantitative three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time (3D UTE) cones imaging protocol for a truly “whole joint” evaluation of knee degeneration. The protocol included 3D UTE cones actual flip angle imaging (3D UTE‐Cones‐AFI) for T1 mapping, multiecho UTE‐Cones with fat suppression for T2* mapping, UTE‐Cones with adiabatic T1ρ (AdiabT1ρ) preparation for AdiabT1ρ mapping, and UTE‐Cones magnetization transfer (UTE‐Cones‐MT) for MT ratio (MTR) and modeling of macromolecular proton fraction (f). An elastix registration technique was used to compensate for motion during scans. Quantitative data analyses were performed on the registered data. Three knee specimens and 15 volunteers were evaluated at 3 T.The elastix motion correction algorithm worked well in correcting motion artifacts associated with relatively long scan times. Much improved curve fitting was achieved for all UTE‐Cones biomarkers with greatly reduced root mean square errors. The averaged T1, T2*, AdiabT1ρ, MTR and f for knee joint tissues of 15 healthy volunteers were reported.The 3D UTE‐Cones quantitative imaging techniques (ie, T1, T2*, AdiabT1ρ, MTR and MT modeling) together with elastix motion correction provide robust volumetric measurement of relaxation times, MTR and f of both short and long T2 tissues in the knee joint.
LMI‐based cooperative distributed model predictive control for Lipschitz nonlinear systems
Authors: Adelipour Saeed , Haeri Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a distributed model predictive control is proposed to control Lipschitz nonlinear systems. The cooperative distributed scheme is considered where a global infinite horizon objective function is optimized for each subsystem, exploiting the state and input information of other subsystems. Thus, each control law is obtained separately as a state feedback of all system's states by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Due to convexity of the design, convergence properties at each iteration are established. Additionally, the proposed algorithm is modified to optimize only one control input at a time, which leads to a further reduction in the computation load. Finally, two application cases are studied to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Computational Modelling of Inertia Friction Welding
Authors: Williams Ross , Barbera Daniele , Docherty Mark , Bray Simon , McBride Andrew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study details the development and validation of a finite element methodology to robustly simulate the inertia friction welding (IFW) process. There are many difficulties involved in modelling IFW. These include the short and violent process to complete a weld, as well as the challenges in obtaining experimental data throughout the process to complement, validate and inform the modelling effort. The objectives here are to model the macroscale multiphysical process leading to an accurate prediction of key process output variables, ultimately leading to a reliable method for predicting the post weld microstructure.