bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic fibres in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Luong Tu Vinh , Abou-Beih Sameh , Watkins Jennifer , Tsochatzis Emmanuel , Pinzani Massimo , Davison Stephen , Hall Andrew , Quaglia Alberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe literature on the contribution of elastic fibre deposition to alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is limited. We studied: (1) 180 liver biopsies from ARLD patients; (2) 20 ARLD explant livers; (3) 213 liver biopsies with non-ARLD injury. Elastic fibres were assessed in terms of their distribution around hepatocytes [pericellular elastosis (PCE)] and within bridging fibrous septa (septal elastosis) and scored using a semiquantitative system. We also investigated the composition of the elastic fibres (oxytalan, elaunin and mature elastic fibres) in 20 cases. PCE was associated with steatohepatitis in ARLD patients and with ARLD when compared to non-ARLD cases (p < 0.001). Oxytalan fibres were identified in PCE in ARLD biopsies and broken dense perisinusoidal mature elastic fibres in explanted livers. Septal elastosis increased from intermediate to advanced fibrosis stage. Early septal elastosis contained oxytalan fibres, whereas septal elastosis at more advanced stages contained mainly mature elastic fibres. PCE is a typical feature of steatohepatitis in ARLD and includes oxytalan fibres. Septal elastosis is a gradual process with a transition from oxytalan to mature elastic fibres usually present in explanted livers. There may be different dynamics in the assembly and reabsorption of pericellular and septal elastic fibres, and a potential role for stratification of patients with advanced stage ARLD.
K27Q/K29Q mutations in sphingosine kinase 1 attenuate high-fat diet induced obesity and altered glucose homeostasis in mice
Authors: Xie Jing , Shao Yong , Liu Jin , Cui Meilan , Xiao Xiuxiao , Gong Jingbo , Xue Binghua , Zhang Qunwei , Hu Xianwen , Duan Haifeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObesity and its associated metabolic disorders are increasingly impacting public health worldwide. Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) is a critical enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism that has been implicated in various metabolic syndromes. In this study, we developed a mouse model constitutively expressing pseudoacetylated mouse Sphk1 (QSPHK1) to study its role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. The results showed that QSPHK1 mice gained less body weight than wide type (WT) mice on a high-fat diet, and QSPHK1 mice had improved glucolipid metabolism and insulin. Moreover, QSPHK1 mice had alleviated hepatic triglyceride accumulation and had high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis that occurred as a result of reduced lipogenesis and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, which were mediated by the AMPK/ACC axis and the FGF21/adiponectin axis. Collectively, this study provided evidence that the K27Q/K29Q mutations of Sphk1 could have a protective role in preventing obesity and the related metabolic diseases. Hence, our results contribute to further understanding of the biological functions of Sphk1, which has great pharmaceutical implications.
Conversion of levoglucosan into glucose by the coordination of four enzymes through oxidation, elimination, hydration, and reduction
Authors: Kuritani Yuya , Sato Kohei , Dohra Hideo , Umemura Seiichiro , Kitaoka Motomitsu , Fushinobu Shinya , Yoshida Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLevoglucosan (LG) is an anhydrosugar produced through glucan pyrolysis and is widely found in nature. We previously isolated an LG-utilizing thermophile, Bacillus smithii S-2701M, and suggested that this bacterium may have a metabolic pathway from LG to glucose, initiated by LG dehydrogenase (LGDH). Here, we completely elucidated the metabolic pathway of LG involving three novel enzymes in addition to LGDH. In the S-2701M genome, three genes expected to be involved in the LG metabolism were found in the vicinity of the LGDH gene locus. These four genes including LGDH gene (lgdA, lgdB1, lgdB2, and lgdC) were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to obtain functional recombinant proteins. Thin layer chromatography analyses of the reactions with the combination of the four enzymes elucidated the following metabolic pathway: LgdA (LGDH) catalyzes 3-dehydrogenation of LG to produce 3-keto-LG, which undergoes β-elimination of 3-keto-LG by LgdB1, followed by hydration to produce 3-keto-d-glucose by LgdB2; next, LgdC reduces 3-keto-d-glucose to glucose. This sequential reaction mechanism resembles that proposed for an enzyme belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 4, and results in the observational hydrolysis of LG into glucose with coordination of the four enzymes.
First-line axitinib therapy is less effective in metastatic renal cell carcinoma with spindle histology
Authors: Numakura Kazuyuki , Kobayashi Mizuki , Muto Yumina , Sekine Yuya , Takahashi Makoto , Kashima Soki , Yamamoto Ryohei , Koizumi Atsushi , Nara Taketoshi , Saito Mitsuru , Narita Shintaro , Nanjyo Hiroshi , Habuchi Tomonori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAxitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, will be used in combination first-line therapies against metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), but its effects as a first-line monotherapy are unclear. Thus, we aimed to elucidate pretreatment clinical factors that predict the prognosis of patients with mRCC receiving first-line axitinib therapy. We enrolled 63 patients with mRCC treated with axitinib as first-line therapy between Nov. 2003 and Jul. 2018. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Wald χ2 statistic in Cox proportional hazards regression. Median patient age was 67 (range: 25–85) years. Seven (11.1%) patients were classified as being at favorable risk, 33 (52.4%) at intermediate risk, and 23 (36.5%) at poor risk according to the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) risk classification system. Median follow-up duration after axitinib initiation was 14 (range: 1–72) months. Median PFS and OS were 18 months and 65 months, respectively. Cox regression analyses of clinical predictors revealed that high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly correlated with shorter PFS [hazard ratio (HR), 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–4.0)], whereas spindle cells and poor IMDC risk scores were related to worse OS (HR, 2.87 and 2.88, respectively; 95% CI 1.4–11.0 and 1.1–8.5, respectively). Thus, patients with mRCC and spindle histology or poor IMDC risk scores had worse OS, and those with high CRP levels had shorter PFS in first-line axitinib treatment. Other therapies might be more suitable for initial management of such patients.
Calciprotein particle-induced cytotoxicity via lysosomal dysfunction and altered cholesterol distribution in renal epithelial HK-2 cells
Authors: Kunishige Rina , Mizoguchi Mai , Tsubouchi Asako , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Miura Yutaka , Kurosu Hiroshi , Urano Yasuteru , Kuro-o Makoto , Murata Masayuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDietary phosphate overload induces chronic kidney disease (CKD), and calciprotein particles (CPPs), a form of nanoparticle comprising calcium phosphate and serum proteins, has been proposed to cause renal toxicity. However, the mechanism of CPP cytotoxicity in renal tubular cells is unknown. Here we show that in renal proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells, endocytosed CPPs accumulate in late endosomes/lysosomes (LELs) and increase their luminal pH by ~ 1.0 unit. This results in a decrease in lysosomal hydrolase activity and autophagic flux blockage without lysosomal rupture and reactive oxygen species generation. CPP treatment led to vulnerability to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and plasma membrane injury, probably because of autophagic flux blockage and decreased plasma membrane cholesterol, respectively. CPP-induced disruption of lysosomal homeostasis, autophagy flux and plasma membrane integrity might trigger a vicious cycle, leading to progressive nephron loss.
SPECULOOS: Ultracool dwarf transit survey
Authors: Sebastian D. , Gillon M. , Ducrot E. , Pozuelos F. J. , Garcia L. J. , Günther M. N. , Delrez L. , Queloz D. , Demory B. O. , Triaud A. H. M. J. , Burgasser A. , de Wit J. , Burdanov A. , Dransfield G. , Jehin E. , McCormac J. , Murray C. A. , Niraula P. , Pedersen P. P. , Rackham B. V. , Sohy S. , Thompson S. , Van Grootel V. 
Published: November 2020

Context. One of the most promising avenues for the detailed study of temperate Earth-sized exoplanets is the detection of such planets in transit in front of stars that are small and near enough to make it possible to carry out a thorough atmospheric characterisation with next-generation telescopes, such as the James Webb Space telescope (JWST) or Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). In this context, the TRAPPIST-1 planets form a unique benchmark system that has garnered the interest of a large scientific community.
Aims. The SPECULOOS survey is an exoplanet transit survey targeting a volume-limited (40 pc) sample of ultracool dwarf stars (of spectral type M7 and later) that is based on a network of robotic 1 m telescopes especially designed for this survey. The strategy for brighter and earlier targets leverages on the synergy with the ongoing TESS space-based exoplanet transit survey.
Methods. We define the SPECULOOS target list as the sum of three non-overlapping sub-programmes incorporating the latest type objects (Teff ≲ 3000 K). Programme 1 features 365 dwarfs that are small and near enough to make it possible to detail atmospheric characterisation of an ‘Earth-like’ planet with the upcoming JWST. Programme 2 features 171 dwarfs of M5-type and later for which a significant detection of a planet similar to TRAPPIST-1b should be within reach of TESS. Programme 3 features 1121 dwarfs that are later than M6-type. These programmes form the basis of our statistical census of short-period planets around ultracool dwarf stars.
Results. Our compound target list includes 1657 photometrically classified late-type dwarfs, with 260 of these targets classified, for the first time, as possible nearby ultracool dwarf stars. Our general observational strategy was to monitor each target between 100 and 200 h with our telescope network, making efficient use of the synergy with TESS for our Programme 2 targets and a proportion of targets in our Programme 1.
Conclusions. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, we expect to detect up to a few dozen temperate, rocky planets. We also expect a number of them to prove amenable for atmospheric characterisation with JWST and other future giant telescopes, which will substantially improve our understanding of the planetary population of the latest-type stars.
Mon école est dans la rue
Authors: Voltolini Rinaldo 
Published: November 2020

Faisant partie des politiques gouvernementales de lutte contre l’exclusion sociale, l’école inclusive apparaît dans nos sociétés occidentales comme un dispositif institutionnel, forgé à coup de lois et de mesures administratives qui en découlent. Dans cet article nous proposons de faire l’analyse critique de la construction conceptuelle de ce modèle, tout comme des difficultés de son fonctionnement au quotidien. En présentant le cas d’une jeune fille psychotique qui a échoué à l’école jusqu’à s’en faire exclure définitivement, nous illustrerons certaines difficultés de l’école dite inclusive à tenir son projet d ‘école-pour-tous.
C’est dans l’alternance entre la rue et d’autres lieux d’accueil, que cette jeune fille suivie par son « accompagnant thérapeutique », a trouvé les conditions d ‘ apprentissage qu ‘ elle avait perdues à l ‘ école, une école qui s ‘ est montrée incapable de supporter le désarroi produit par sa présence. Occupée par une quête idéaliste, l ‘ école inclusive a oublié la différence entre une soi-disant institution bonne et une institution suffisamment bonne.
Acceptability of endoscopic submucosal dissection for sessile serrated lesions: comparison with non-sessile serrated lesions
Authors: Kuroki Yuichiro , Endo Toshiyuki , Iwahashi Kenta , Miyao Naoki , Suzuki Reika , Asonuma Kunio , Yamamoto Yorimasa , Nagahama Masatsugu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Sessile serrated lesions (SSL) are major precursor lesions of serrated pathway cancers, and appropriate treatment may prevent interval colorectal cancer. Studies have reported the outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for SSL; however, there are insufficient reports on endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We examined the characteristics and outcomes of SSL and compared them to those of non-SSL in ESD.
Patients and methods We reviewed 370 consecutive cases in 322 patients who underwent colorectal ESD between January 2016 and March 2020 at our hospital. There were 267 0-IIa lesions that were stratified into 41 SSL and 226 non-SSL (intramucosal cancer, adenoma) cases. We used propensity matching to adjust for the variances in the factors affecting treatment between the SSL and non-SSL groups.
Results In the baseline cases, young women and proximal colon tumor location were significantly more common in the SSL group. There were no statistically significant differences between the SSL and non-SSL groups in terms of en bloc resection rate (97.6 % vs. 99.6 %; P = 0.28), R0 resection rate (92.7 % vs. 93.4 %; P = 0.74), perforation (0 % vs. 0.9 %; P > 0.99), and postoperative bleeding (2.4 % vs. 1.8 %; P = 0.56). Thirty-eight pairs were matched using propensity score, and the median dissection speed (12 vs. 7.7 cm2/h; P = 0.0095) was significantly faster in the SSL than in the non-SSL group.
Conclusions ESD for SSL was safely performed, and SSL was smoother to remove than non-SSL. ESD might be an acceptable endoscopic treatment option for SSL.
Current Recommendations on Optic Neuritis
Authors: Beisse Flemming , Beisse Christina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Optic neuritis is a special challenge to the ophthalmologist. It is a relatively frequent condition but difficult to seize morphologically. It has neurological implications and is subject matter of recent trials.
Methods Selective literature search including the authorsʼ professional experience.
Results Practical aids for the ophthalmological management of optic neuritis are derived from the best available evidence and the recent literature is discussed.
Conclusions The present paper provides evidence-based recommendations for a safe handling of optic neuritis as well as information on current issues.
A Modified VATS Procedure for Treating Adult Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration
Authors: Zeng Bo , Zou Jianyong , Yang Weixiong , Liu Zhenguo , Xie Chunying , Cheng Chao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVideo-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) makes it possible to treat intralobar sequestration (ILS) more minimally invasive compared with conventional open surgery. However, this procedure is challenging to expose and isolate the aberrant arteries of ILS and the risk of bleeding is high. Herein, we developed a modified VATS procedure in which the aberrant vessels are treated in the last step of lobectomy, rather than at the beginning. In this way, we can expose the aberrant vessels easier and reduce the risk of massive blood loss, also simplifying the surgical procedure.
Sugar production dynamics in Zimbabwe: an analysis of contract farming at Hippo Valley
Authors: Mazwi Freedom 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This article examines the nature of contractual relations between sugar outgrowers (contract farmers) and Tongaat Hulett Zimbabwe (THZ). Drawing from a research study conducted at Hippo Valley Estate, using a mixed-methods approach, findings reveal asymmetrical power relations in favour of THZ as reflected by its domination in price determination, monopsony control and risk sharing. Despite radicalisation and attempts by the state to curb the powers of international finance, the article argues that monopoly capital continues to wield significant control in Zimbabwe, leading to growing farmer indebtedness. Thus, the state–capital alliance presents a stumbling block for accumulation by sugar outgrowers.
The least informative distribution and correlation coefficient of measurement results
Authors: Mana G , Pizzocaro M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Correlations play a significant role in data analysis and the evaluation and expression of the uncertainty, yet estimating them is often difficult. This paper provides examples of how to infer the measurand value, given only the uncertainties and correlation ranges of the measurement results. The least informative data-distribution is not Gaussian, but the marginal distributions are. Explicit results are given in the case of a data pair, where the inferred correlation coefficient is the midpoint of the given range.
Data Security inside Optical Communication Networks through Encoding and Steganography
Authors: Salim Wadah Hatim , Mahdi Bushra R. , Dhaigham Ayad A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper provides securing flowing of data in optical systems through encoding and steganography. Encoding (Cryptography) and steganography are major elements for secure the data. Suggested communication system aids for transporting huge volumes of information of quickly and reliably. This communication system has previously displayed unrivalled characteristics of most secure. Secure connection requires the integration of cryptography and steganography, so it is very difficult to penetrate it. The system program uses cryptography and steganography to merge any type from files and encrypted text that are effectually hidden for human eye with a carrier image. Also, the extra purpose from this paper is to procure the threshold losses of the optical system and introduce a new approach to create an ideal system that can effectively secrete a message that includes important information, if and only if the optical cable losses increase by its threshold magnitude.
Decadal Surface Temperature Trends in Iraq using NOAA/ESRL Gridded High Resolution Data
Authors: Majeed Husam T. , Al-Zuhairi Munya F. , Mahmood Dalia A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Global warming has major impacts on world environment and human activities and it has been of increasing concern by scientific community, governmental agencies, and public. Iraq as one of the Middle East countries is vulnerable to global warming. Recent research works indicated that Iraq is facing an increasing heat waves and more aridity. The aim of this work is to analyze long-term temperature (1900-2017) to determine the warming and cooling phases at Mosul (north), Baghdad (center), Rutba (desert), and Basra (south). Gridded high-resolution monthly means of temperature were obtained from NOAA/ESRL. 30 years (1981-2010) available data from Iraqi Meteorological Organization were used to verify The NOAA/ESRL data. Results of comparisons of the two sets of data indicated that they are highly correlated. Time series analysis showed that the most effect of global warming on Iraq occurred on the decades of 2000’s and 2010’s during summer months (Jun, July, and Aug). The most affected cities were Baghdad and Basra. The less affected city was Rutba. Rutba is less populated town located on the desert near the borders with Jordan. Analysis of temperature decadal anomalies showed that from 1900’s to 1980’s temperature was cooling with anomalies between 0 and -0.5°C (except during 1960’s anomalies were less than +0.25). The results also indicated that during the last three decades (1990’s to 2010’s) temperature was warming and the highest warming (about +1.5 °C) occurred during last eight years (2010-2017) in all four cities.
Development of a display system for visualization in medical Applications
Authors: Almgoter Halah Basim , Al-Dahan Ziad Tarik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Imaging capabilities have been enhanced by scan modality. A review and comparison of some of the most effective open source libraries and medical application development has been implemented. A system composed of Ultrasound-Diagnostic-Machine-CMS600B2, a core i7-9750h Intel laptop processor, an easy-to-use capture tool for converting ultrasound analog images to digital images stored in a laptop and VR receiver to imagine a full organ. The understanding of 3D medical information earned very little consideration when it was intended to look at the ability of investigators to solve problems in 3D space. The aim of this research is to develop powerful computational techniques for integrating, interpreting and analyzing images for creative use in clinical practice. It’s turning into extra common to speak regarding 3D, 4D images formed by modern imaging techniques. The potential will be demonstrated by the evolution of medical imaging and VR systems that led to this system.
Sunflower seed oil effect on some physiological cases of adult chickens. Running Title: Gamma ray effects as oxidant stress on several physiological cases
Authors: Al-Dulamey Qusay Kh. , Oraibi Afrah Hassoon , Al-Salihi Abdalrahman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of gamma-ray oxidation stress (ionization of biological cell as sperm) on the adult chicken reproductive system. In this research, we used cocks chicken at 36-54 weeks of age and find the importance of semen volume in (ml / brid / ejac). Concentration in (Million cells / ml.) and total sperm (Million cells / ejaculation). The value of semen volume, semen concentration and total sperm significantly increased with increased age of cock chicken but not at all ages, only at limited ages considered as control group. These values were found at irradiation with low dose rate (low intensity) of gamma ray (33, 42, and 75 mGy/h) which is a chronic dose rate (long time of irradiation) at 8 h/day for 40 days, which was significant decrease with increase low dose rate gradually. The semen volume decrease ratio with irradiation doses of approximately 5-14% and with semen concentration of approximately 5-12% for three chronic low doses relative to the control group for each cock generation. The average value of both groups showed a substantial decrease in all parameters with increased gamma radiation dose levels. The current study also aimed to identify the problems that may arise from exposure to a slow and equal dose of radiation on certain sperm parameters for a relatively long period of time and to compare them with the findings of previous work on the same mechanism and Use of sunflower seed oil as a protective and protective material against oxidative stresses resulting from radiation exposure and work Reducing its percentage, especially on certain sperm parameters in male chickens.
Ultrasound-assisted adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto clay decorated carbon Nano composites as a novel adsorbent: as a Applicable for environmental studies
Authors: Aljeboree Aseel M , Alshirifi Abass Noor , Alkaim Ayad F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Pharmaceutical pollutants substantially affect the environment; thus, their treatments have been the focus of many studies. Pharmaceuticals, which are frequently detected in natural and wastewater bodies as well as drinking water have attracted considerable attention, because they do not readily biodegrade and may persist and remain toxic. As a result, pharmaceutical residues pose on-going and potential health and environmental risks. To tackle these emerging contaminants using one type of Carbone source (CNT) has been widely used as highly effective adsorbent for antibiotics because of its large specific surface area, high porosity, and favorable pore size distribution. In this study, the adsorption performance of CNT towards major types of antibiotics such as Phenylephrine hydrochloride drug. The removal present increase with increase amount of adsorbent but decrease with increase initial drug concentration, and contact time.