bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensatory combination of romidepsin with gemcitabine and cisplatin to effectively and safely control urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Pattarawat Pawat , Hong Tian , Wallace Shelby , Hu Yanchun , Donnell Robert , Wang Tzu-Hao , Tsai Chia-Lung , Wang Jinquan , Wang Hwa-Chain Robert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Human urothelial carcinoma (UC) has a high tendency to recur and progress to life-threatening advanced diseases. Advanced therapeutic regimens are needed to control UC development and recurrence.

Methods
We pursued in vitro and in vivo studies to understand the ability of a triple combination of gemcitabine, romidepsin, and cisplatin (Gem+Rom+Cis) to modulate signalling pathways, cell death, drug resistance, and tumour development.

Results
Our studies verified the ability of Gem+Rom+Cis to synergistically induce apoptotic cell death and reduce drug resistance in various UC cells. The ERK pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) played essential roles in mediating Gem+Rom+Cis-induced caspase activation, DNA oxidation and damage, glutathione reduction, and unfolded protein response. Gem+Rom+Cis preferentially induced death and reduced drug resistance in oncogenic H-Ras-expressing UC vs. counterpart cells that was associated with transcriptomic profiles related to ROS, cell death, and drug resistance. Our studies also verified the efficacy and safety of the Gem plus Rom+Cis regimen in controlling UC cell-derived xenograft tumour development and resistance.

Conclusions
More than 80% of UCs are associated with aberrant Ras-ERK pathway. Thus the compensatory combination of Rom with Gem and Cis should be seriously considered as an advanced regimen for treating advanced UCs, especially Ras-ERK-activated UCs.
Bimodal magnetic resonance and optical imaging of extracellular matrix remodelling by orthotopic ovarian tumours
Authors: Bochner Filip , Fellus-Alyagor Liat , Ketter Dafna , Golani Ofra , Biton Inbal , Neeman Michal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe extracellular matrix modulates the development of ovarian tumours. Currently, evaluation of the extracellular matrix in the ovary is limited to histological methods. Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and two-photon microscopy (2PM) enable dynamic visualisation and quantification of fibrosis by endogenous contrast mechanisms: magnetisation transfer (MT) MRI and second-harmonic generation (SHG) 2PM, respectively.MethodsHere, we applied the MT-MRI protocol for longitudinal imaging of the stroma in orthotopic human ovarian cancer ES-2 xenograft model in CD1 athymic nude mice, and for orthotopically implanted ovarian PDX using a MR-compatible imaging window chamber implanted into NSG mice.ResultsWe observed differences between ECM deposition in ovarian and skin lesions, and heterogeneous collagen distribution in ES-2 lesions. An MR-compatible imaging window chamber enabled visual matching between T2 MRI maps of orthotopically implanted PDX grafts and anatomical images of their microenvironment acquired with a stereomicroscope and SHG–2PM intravital microscopy of the collagen. Bimodal MRI/2PM imaging allowed us to quantify the fibrosis within the same compartments, and demonstrated the consistent results across the modalities.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates a novel approach for measuring the stromal biomarkers in orthotopic ovarian tumours in mice, on both macroscopic and microscopic levels.
Evidences of inner Se ordering in topological insulator PbBi2Te4-PbBi2Se4-PbSb2Se4 solid solutions
Authors: Hattori Yuya , Tokumoto Yuki , Kimoto Koji , Edagawa Keiichi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn topological insulators (TIs), carriers originating from non-stoichiometric defects hamper bulk insulation. In (Bi,Sb)2(Te,Se)3 TIs (BSTS TIs), however, Se atoms strongly prefer specific atomic sites in the crystal structure (Se ordering), and this ordering structure suppresses the formation of point defects and contributes to bulk insulation. It has accelerated the understanding of TIs’ surface electron properties and device application. In this study, we select Pb(Bi,Sb)2(Te,Se)4 (Pb-BSTS) TIs, which are reported to have larger bandgap compared to counterpart compound BSTS TIs. The Se ordering geometry was investigated by combining state-of-the-art scanning transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffractometry. We demonstrated the existence of inner Se ordering in PbBi2(Te,Se)4 and also in Pb-BSTS TIs. Quantitative analysis of Se ordering and a qualitative view of atomic non-stoichiometry such as point defects are also presented. Pb-BSTS TIs’ Se ordering structure and their large gap nature has the great potential to achieve more bulk insulation than conventional BSTS TIs.
Frühe und schwer verlaufende hämolytische Erkrankung des Fetus und Neugeborenen
Authors: Mayer Beate , Weichert Alexander 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungEine schwere Alloimmunisierung der Schwangeren gegen erythrozytäre Blutgruppenmerkmale kann insbesondere bei Antikörpern der Spezifität Anti-K bereits vor der 20. Schwangerschaftswoche zu einer fetalen Anämie führen. Wir berichten über eine 37-jährige Schwangere (Gravida 6, Para 5) mit bekanntem Anti-K. In der Vorgeschichte kam es aufgrund einer K-Inkompatibilität in der 4. Schwangerschaft in der 34. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) zu einem Hydrops fetalis und in der 5. Schwangerschaft in der 22. SSW zu einem intrauterinen Fruchttod. Mittels eines nicht invasiven Pränataltests (NIPT) wurde in der aktuellen Schwangerschaft erneut ein K-positiver Fetus bestätigt. Aufgrund der Vorgeschichte erfolgte eine prophylaktische hochdosierte i. v. Immunglobulingabe (IVIG) (1 g/kgKG/Woche) ab der 14. SSW. In der 29 + 1 SSW war bei beginnender fetaler Anämie eine intrauterine Transfusion (IUT) erforderlich. Der weitere Schwangerschaftsverlauf gestaltete sich unter Fortführung der wöchentlichen IVIG-Therapie unauffällig. Das Kind kam in der 40 + 2 SSW durch Spontangeburt zur Welt. Bei positivem direktem Coombs-Test ließ sich im Eluat das mütterliche Anti-K nachweisen. Postpartal kam es bei dem Neugeborenen nur zu einem leichten Abfall der Hämoglobinkonzentration von 11,7 auf 9,5 g/dl. Eine Therapie war nicht erforderlich.
Remote video auditing in the endoscopy unit for evaluation of duodenoscope reprocessing in a tertiary care center
Authors: Raphael Kara L. , McNoble Ellen , Goldbeck Jessica , Stiles Megan , Miller Larry S. , Trindade Arvind J. 
Published: May 2020

Background A significant proportion of duodenoscope-transmitted infections have resulted from errors related to reprocessing. Remote video auditing (RVA) is a tool that can monitor reprocessing compliance but it has not been previously evaluated in a tertiary care setting. The aims of this study were to evaluate: 1) RVA feasibility in a tertiary care setting (defined as the ability to audit every step of duodenoscope reprocessing without delaying the next procedure due to unavailability of duodenoscopes); and 2) the use of RVA as a compliance monitoring tool.Methods This was a prospective study at a tertiary care center. A video camera with offsite monitoring was installed in March 2018. Auditors delivered a compliance score after each procedure. The duodenoscope was not used until it passed the audit. Feasibility and compliance data were collected from April 2018 to August 2019 after a 1-month run-in phase. Both per-step compliance and overall 100 % compliance rates were measured.Results Of 743 duodenoscope reprocessing procedures, 32 666 individual steps were audited and 99.9 % of the steps were fully viewable. The mean time per audit was 38.3 minutes, the mean duodenoscope turnover time was 76.1 minutes, and there were no delays to the next procedure due to unavailability of duodenoscopes. The per-step compliance rate was 99.5 % but the overall 100 % compliance rate was 90.3 %.Conclusions The use of RVA in duodenoscope reprocessing was feasible and promoted sustained high-level compliance in a tertiary care center.
Mucormycosis at pectoralis major myocutaneous flap donor site
Authors: Hemant A Saraiya , Rajen A Tankshali 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Background: Advanced carcinomas involving the head and neck present a major therapeutic challenge because of their poor prognosis particularly in old age irrespective of the treatment modality used. Materials and Methods: A 71-year-old patient presented with right-sided buccal mucosal carcinoma involving the mandible. Composite resection with removal of mandible and radical neck dissection was done. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMC) with deltopectoral flap was done to cover the defect. On the 14th day mucormycosis was noted on pectoralis major myocutaneous flap donor site. Radical debridement and appropriate antibiotic and antifungal treatment was started. The patient was put on life support system. Results:Despite aggressive treatment the patient died. Conclusion:This case reaffirms the views that radical surgical procedure should be carried out with caution in old patients with preexisting diseases as the chances of life-threatening complications are very high in these patients. Mucormycosis at pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMC) donor site is probably being reported for the first time
A modular tension-adjusting splint for tendon transfer in reconstructive surgeries of extremities
Authors: Jagannath B Kamath , Praveen Bhardwaj 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTOptimal tension during tendon transfer is the most important surgeon-controlled factor, which determines the final outcome of surgery. To attain optimal tension, the joints have to be maintained in proper position during the final attachment of the transferred tendon. Maintaining this desired position requires one extra assistant and is difficult. We herein describe a modular splint designed by us, which can be used for most of the commonly done tendon transfers in practice. It is very versatile as it can be used for all the age groups and for both right and left sides. A single splint, which is autoclavable and can be used for most commonly done tendon transfers, makes it user-friendly
Visual metaphor in extended conceptual metaphor theory
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMy goal in the paper is to examine a variety of visual experiences that appear to evoke visual metaphors. This is a range of experience types that extends from “sign-like” visual experiences to “non-sign-like” visual experiences. I propose that visual metaphors are evoked by paintings through winner’s podiums all the way to cityscapes and scenes in nature. The latter two (non-sign-like) cases, cityscapes and natural scenes, are not commonly subjected to serious examination from a CMT perspective. However, they provide us with new challenges in the study of visual metaphors, since they greatly extend the range of visual experience that might give rise to visual metaphors. I suggest, further, that the comprehension or interpretation of all of these visual experiences, including sign-like and non-sign-like alike, makes use of the same metaphorical processing mechanisms. The visual metaphors that are evoked by visual experiences can be based either on correlations or resemblance.
Uncanny resemblance
Authors: Cavazzana Alessandro , Bolognesi Marianna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
What is the relation between the three following elements: words, pictures, and conceptual representations? And
how do these three elements work, in defining and explaining metaphors? These are the questions that we tackle in
our interdisciplinary contribution, which moves across cognitive linguistics, cognitive sciences, philosophy and semiotics. Within
the cognitive linguistic tradition, scholars have assumed that there are equivalent and comparable structures characterizing the
way in which metaphor works in language and in pictures. In this paper we analyze contextual visual metaphors, which are
considered to be the most complex ones, and we compare them to those that in language are called indirect metaphors. Our proposal
is that a syllogistic mechanism of comprehension permeates both metaphors expressed in the verbal modality as well as metaphors
expressed in the pictorial modality. While in the verbal modality the metaphoric syllogism is solved by inference, we argue that
in the pictorial modality the role of inference is performed through mental imagery.
The visuality of metaphors
Authors: Gal Michalle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes to define metaphor as a visual-material structure, the sphere of which isontologicalrather than cognitive or conceptual. It argues that the essence of metaphor, as either an aesthetic or a communicative unit or both, resides in the qualitative dimension and appearance, or even materiality, of the metaphorical medium and its form. The paper thus offers a new theory of metaphor, focusing on themediumof metaphor, which composes and transfigures or reconstructs its target anew: a composition that is prior to understanding or conceptualizing the target. In doing so, the paper presents a formalist ontology of metaphors, established via anexternalistaccount of metaphors, as opposed to the prevailing cognitivist-conceptualist account which I characterize asinternalist. The various kinds of metaphor – linguistic, poetic, visual or material – are based on their external structure, rather than an internal-conceptual mechanism of understanding, as assumed by a significant segment of the literature. Visual metaphor, therefore, is the paradigmatic kind of metaphor, the analysis of which can be generalized to other kinds of metaphor.Furthermore, the paper tries to overcome the current discrepancy between the formalist character of the metaphorical medium and the dominance of cognitivist and conceptualist theories of metaphor. Challenging these, I claim that if the identity of metaphor is indeed based on its composition, then it is actually based on its aesthetic qualities. That is to say, not only are there autonomous visual or material metaphors, that are not based on linguistic or conceptual ones, but linguistic and conceptual metaphors are based on visuality: they are enabled by the structural possibilities offered by visual media.
Visual and multimodal interaction of metaphor and metonymy
Authors: Kashanizadeh Zahra , Forceville Charles 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConceptual Metaphor Theory’s central idea that metaphor is a figure of thought rather than a figure of language has led to the examination of non-verbal and multimodal manifestations of metaphor. Over the past twenty years, the verbal trope of metonymy has similarly been theorized from a conceptual point of view, but the implications of this work for visual studies have only begun to be examined. Investigating visual manifestations of metonymy will moreover also improve our understanding of visual metaphor, as often these latter depend on, and interact with, metonymies. In this paper we propose to explore the interaction of metaphor and metonymy in the visual/multimodal realm of print advertising, using FranciscoRuiz de Mendoza and Olga Díez’ (2002)typology, and building on Paula Peréz-Sobrino’s (2017) applications of this typology. Our twofold aim is (1) to see if, and if so, how, all patterns of this typology appear in ads; and (2) to investigate a number of Iranian and Dutch print advertisements in which metaphor and metonymy interact. Analyzing ads from two cultures will enable us to demonstrate how cultural background knowledge is essential for understanding metaphor-metonymy interactions.
Poetic and visual metaphors in Hungarian folklore
Authors: Szelid Veronika 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper I have a twofold aim: (1) to reveal the complexity of the concept oflovein Hungarian folklore by analyzing a number of its linguistic (oral-verbal) and visual representations side by side; and (2) to decipher these two modes of expression in light of each other, with the help of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The reason for doing so is that folkloric artefacts and folk poetry are two different self-expressional modes of a community; therefore, if their symbolism represents certain aspects of the same concept, it enables us to get a more complex view on the concept itself, as well as to explore and compare the different modes the messages are conveyed by.Texts of folk songs and the patterns, structure and functions of the hope chest, an artefact that played an essential role in a woman’s life in Hungarian folklore, are analyzed in line with each other. I propose that the model ofloverevealed by folk poetry and folk art is thoroughly intertwined with the concepts ofmorality, marriageandlife, reflecting an optimistic view of the world that extends the bounderies of this earthly life. Furthermore, I argue that both the linguistic and visual representations under scrutiny are manifestations of a coordinating view of the world, which is present in the form of bothcoordinated sourceandcoordinated target representations. The conceptual disparity between the two modes lies mainly in the static nature of folk art and the dynamicity of language, but the creativity of the studied community seems to surmount this issue by imparting ornaments with a functional value.
Visual metaphor and its narrative function
Authors: Hetmański Marek 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper aims at analyzing visual metaphors and allegories in the fine arts – particularly in the symbolic
paintings by J. Malczewski – as creative tools of both artistic expression and discourse storytelling in which they play a vital
role. Visual metaphors are suggestive and effective in artistic performance and, therefore, in communicating abstract ideas to the
individual viewer and the public. Such paintings (symbolic and surrealistic), whilst encompassing concrete (source) and universal
(target) domains in their depicted metaphoric structures, can be powerful enough to create possible and alternative courses of
events. Based on the analysis of R. Arnheim’s concept of openness of fine art works, J. Bruner’s theory of narrative mind,
storytelling and possible worlds, and Ch. Forceville’s analyses of visual metaphors, the paper will attempt to answer the
following two philosophical and epistemological questions: (1) how universal themes are depicted, perceived, conveyed, and
comprehended in metaphorical paintings; and (2) what is the difference between the structures of the visual metaphors
characteristic for these paintings and merely literary parabolic means. Both conceptual metaphors and blending theories are used
in the analyses of selected symbolic and metaphoric paintings by Malczewski to explain in what scope his painting methods and
their narrative structures are entangled in Polish national-cultural history, and how important they are in cognitive studies as
well as in the history and theory of fine arts.
Image metaphors of Trianon
Authors: Putz Orsolya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the visual representation of the Treaty of Trianon by identifying the most common image metaphors related to it.1Three hypotheses are articulated. (1) Visual metaphors about Trianon are based on the same underlying conceptual metaphors as the corresponding metaphorical linguistic expressions. However, it is proposed that figures tend to be construed of mixed metaphors in order to convey a more condensed and complex message. In case of mixed metaphors, more source domains are applied to conceptualize the same target domain. (2) There exists a cultural cognition (Sharifian 2011) about Trianon, which is shared by the contemporary Hungarian community and which is represented in different modes of communication, namely in language and in images. The members of the community are able to understand and (re-)produce the linguistic and image metaphors about Trianon, because their conceptual system about Trianon is structured by similar conceptual metaphors. (3) Furthermore, based on linguistic dataPutz (2019), it is assumed that the figures represent the perspective of the post-1920 Hungarian nation exclusively.2The data is based on a Google search conducted on January 15, 2019, which referenced figures of Trianon with a.huinternet domain. Among the hundreds of thousands of search results, the first 150 figures were selected and ordered into six categories. Among this set of figures, the analysis focused on illustrations based on maps of pre- and post-1920 Hungary. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of eight figures, based on a three-step procedure, which is motivated bySteen et al.’s (2017)protocol.
Rendering, generalization and variation
Authors: Knotková Magdaléna , Lu Wei-lun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe article presents a case study of how the use of multiple parallel texts may be employed as a useful research method in cognitive poetics, using the English version ofAlice’s Adventures in WonderlandandThrough the Looking-Glassand its four published Czech versions as the samples. In the analysis, we examine the language of space in alternative verbalizations of the same literary scene across languages (English and Czech) and within the target language (Czech), and the different mental images invoked by the different ways of verbalizing the same scene. Our analysis shows that the use of multiple parallel texts can be a helpful research method in cognitive poetics, in the sense that the method is capable of providing naturalistic and representative linguistic evidence of how languages systematically differ, even for a domain as basic asspace.
Multimodal conceptual patterns of Hungary in political cartoons
Authors: Virág Ágnes 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConventionalized positive images of Hungary have been overemphasized in political caricatures ever since the nineteenth century (Tamás 2012,2014). The present article explores the multimodal representations ofhungaryin cartoons in the period between 1989 and 1990, during which negative images of Hungary became prominent due to the weak financial situation of the country and the political system change. The corpus involves seventy-five cartoons from the satirical magazineLudas Matyi. Two major claims are justified by adopting PaulaPérez-Sobrino’s (2017)multimodal identification procedure: (1) the interpretation of verbal elements (e.g., labels, verbal texts, and verbal symbols) in political cartoons influences the identification of multimodal conceptual patterns; (2) the dominant patterns that structure the representation ofhungaryin political cartoons are metonymy-based visual and multimodal metaphors, and both of them occur in metaphorical scenarios. The corpus analysis indicates that the two main target frames,financial crisisandpolitical changes, appear through the sources ofhuman bodyandobjectin metaphorical scenarios, such asordinary scenes, motion, hospital, sport, tale, love, feast, stunt, begging,andchurch scenes.Apart from identifying the representations of Hungary, visual metonymies as well as textual cues need to be revealed in order to understand what metaphtonymy scenarios are intended in the cartoons.
Viewpoint and metaphor in culture
Authors: Lu Wei-lun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper presents an in-depth analysis of the language of death in Chinese and discusses the relation between language and occupation as a social factor in analyzing the language of death. In this paper, I address in what specific ways Cognitive Linguistics may serve as a useful analytical framework in studying Chinese idioms used in funerals, in an attempt to uncover cultural elements and viewpoint structure in communicating death. The study introduces basic constructs in Cognitive Linguistics which could be used for such an analysis, and applies this CL machinery to analyzing three selected groups of four-character eulogistic idioms used at funerals in Taiwan. The analysis shows that, in addition to Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which has been considered the classic CL tool for studying abstract concepts like death, the subjectivity/objectivity distinction in Cognitive Grammar may also be employed as a complementary and useful theoretical construct in studying the language of death, as it helps identify the special characteristics of the eulogistic idioms for teachers as a special profession in the Chinese culture.