bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of neonatal foot length to identify preterm and low birthweight infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Folger Lian V , Panchal Pratik , Eglovitch Michelle , Whelan Rachel , Lee Anne CC 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionEighty percent of neonatal deaths occur among babies born preterm and/or small for gestational age (SGA). In sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, approximately 40% of births occur outside of health facilities, and gestational age (GA) and birth weight are commonly unknown. Foot length (FL) has been proposed as a simple, surrogate measurement to identify and triage small babies born in the community. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of newborn FL to classify preterm and low birthweight infants.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, POPLINE and WHO Global Health Library databases were searched. Studies of live-born infants that compared FL with GA and/or birth weight were included. Data on diagnostic accuracy were summarised, described, and pooled, as appropriate.ResultsSix hundred and two studies were identified and 41 included. Techniques for measuring FL included use of a firm plastic ruler, callipers, footprint or a measuring board. Twelve studies assessed the diagnostic accuracy of FL to identify preterm births; however, data were not pooled given heterogeneity and low quality of GA. 19 studies used FL to identify low birthweight infants (<2500 g, <2000 g). Among studies in Asia (n=3), FL<7.7 cm had pooled sensitivity and specificity of 87.6% (95% CI 61.1% to 99.0%) and 70.9% (95% CI 23.5% to 95.1%), respectively, to identify <2500 g infants. FL<7.3 cm had 82.1% (95% CI 63.7% to 92.2%) sensitivity and 82.1% (95% CI 59.2% to 90.8%) specificity for identifying <2000 g infants (n=3). In the African studies (n=3), FL<7.9 cm had pooled sensitivity and specificity of 92.0% (95% CI 85.6% to 95.7%) and 71.9% (95% CI 44.5% to 89.1%), respectively, to identify <2500 g neonates.ConclusionsFL is a simple proxy measure that can identify babies of low birthweight with high sensitivity, though somewhat lower specificity. Additional research is needed to determine the validity of FL to identify preterm infants, and understand the programmatic impact of screening on healthcare seeking and outcomes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015020499
Ten years of progress towards universal health coverage: has China achieved equitable healthcare financing?
Authors: Chen Mingsheng , Zhou Guoliang , Si Lei 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThis study aims to systematically evaluate vertical and horizontal equity in the Chinese healthcare financing system over the period 2008–2018 during the progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC), and to examine how both types of equity have changed during this period.MethodsHousehold information on healthcare payments was collected from 2398 households involving 7021 individuals in 2008, 3600 households involving 10 466 individuals in 2013 and 3660 households involving 11 550 individuals in 2018. Redistributive effects of healthcare financing system were decomposed into progressivity, pure horizontal inequity and reranking. Progressivity analysis and the Aronson-Johnson-Lambert decomposition method were adopted to measure the vertical equity and horizontal equity of healthcare financing.ResultsOver the period 2008–2018, healthcare financing through indirect taxes showed a slightly prorich structure and healthcare financing through direct taxes showed a propoor structure in both urban and rural areas. Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance experienced redistribution from the poor to the rich during the period 2008–2013, but then experienced redistribution from the rich to the poor during the period 2013–2018. Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI), New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS), Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI) and out-of-pocket payments experienced redistribution from the poor to the rich over the entire period.ConclusionChina’s healthcare financing has experienced redistribution from the poor to the rich during 10 years of progress toward the UHC. UHC improved access to and utilisation of healthcare in urban areas. The flat rate contribution mechanism should be renovated for URBMI, NRCMS and URRBMI.
Feasibility of in-office MRI-targeted partial gland cryoablation for prostate cancer: an IDEAL stage 2A study
Authors: Basourakos Spyridon P , Al Hussein Al Awamlh Bashir , Bianco Fernando J , Patel Neal A , Laviana Aaron , Margolis Daniel J , Mosquera Juan M , McClure Timothy D , Yu Miko , Hu Jim C 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesCryoablation for prostate cancer is typically performed under general anaesthesia. We explore the safety, feasibility and costs of in-office MRI-targeted prostate partial gland cryoablation (PGC) under local anaesthesia. We hypothesise that an office-based procedure under local anaesthesia may yield greater patient convenience and lower health costs with similar outcomes to a general anaesthesia approach.Design/participants/setting/interventionsRetrospective study of men diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer (grade group (GG) ≥2) who elected to undergo in-office PGC under local anaesthesia.Main outcome measuresA total of 55 men with GG ≥2 prostate cancer underwent PGC under local anaesthesia, and 35 of 43 men (81.4%) who attained ≥6 months of follow-up post-treatment underwent MRI-targeted surveillance biopsy. We used MRI findings and targeted biopsy to characterise post-PGC oncological outcomes. Complications were categorised using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Expanded Prostate Cancer Index-Clinical Practice was used to characterise urinary and sexual function scores at baseline, 4 and 9 months post-PGC. Time-driven activity-based costing was used to determine healthcare costs of in-office PGC.ResultsFive (9.1%) men experienced CTCAE score 3 adverse events. Urinary and sexual function did not change significantly from baseline to 4 months (p=0.20 and p=0.08, respectively) and 9 months (p=0.23 and p=0.67, respectively). Twenty-two men (62.9%) had no cancer or GG1 and 13 (37.1%) men had GG≥2 on post-PGC biopsy. Moreover, the median cost of in-office PGC was US$4,463.05 (range US$4,087.19–US7,238.16) with disposables comprising 69% of the cost.ConclusionsIn-office PGC is feasible under local anaesthesia with favourable functional outcome preservation and adverse events profile at significantly lower costs compared with a general anaesthesia approach.
A two-dimensional perspective of healthcare leadership in non-Western contexts
Authors: Gulati Kamal , Sarkar Chitra , Duits Ashley , Busari Jamiu O 
Published: November 2020

As we witness an alarming change in the delivery of healthcare worldwide, there is a need for transformational leadership that can inspire and empower healthcare professionals, and patients alike. Due to the lack of economic, infrastructural and human resources especially in developing countries, the organisation and delivery of healthcare services is even more challenging. Hence, the focus of leadership development in resource-limited environments should be to facilitate knowledge building, interprofessional collaboration, empowerment and inclusion.In this paper, we use two exemplary cases to illustrate the impact of, and the challenges facing leadership capacity building in non-Western contexts with special reference to India and Curaçao. These cases demonstrate that there is a place for validated medical leadership models in developing countries with promising outcomes for the collective health status of communities at large. Such models, however, need to be contextualised to fit the individual country"s economic and sociopolitical context. Also, the stakeholders should be prepared to create healthy professional cultures that embrace respect (for self and others) and focus on effective communication practices within their local environments.
Reconstructing the PIE causative in a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Bozzone Chiara 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the function and distribution of *CoC-éye/o- presents (traditionally labelled as causatives/iteratives) in PIE in the light of recent theoretical and typological contributions on causative formations crosslinguistically. In particular, this paper argues that: 1. The oldest function of CoC-éye/o- presents in PIE is to derive causative presents to unaccusative base verbs, as well as to some transitive verbs with an affected subject. The development of the iterative meaning is secondary and einzelsprachlich. 2. In the daughter languages, the category developed in two different directions (following Shibatani & Pardeshi’s causative continuum), depending on its degree of productivity. In Greek and Latin, the category became unproductive and underwent a “causative/non-causative” split, whereby the iterative meaning developed under certain conditions. A parallel development of the causative morpheme in the Mayan language K’iche’ is discussed into detail. 3. In Vedic and Proto-Germanic, the category became more productive and did not develop iterative semantics.
A Methodology for Estimating the Response of the Coastal Ocean to Meteorological Forcing: A Case Study in Bohai Bay
Authors: Wang Daosheng , Pan Haidong , Mu Lin , Lv Xianqing , Yan Bing , Yang Hua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coastal ocean sea level (SL) variations result from multiscale processes and are dominated by SL changes due to meteorological forcing. In this study, a new methodology, which combines inverted barometer correction and regression analysis (IBR), is developed to estimate the coastal ocean response to meteorological forcing in shallow water. The response is taken as the combination of the static ocean response calculated using the inverted barometer formula and the dynamic ocean response estimated using the multivariable linear regression involving atmospheric pressure and the wind component in the dominant wind orientation. IBR was implemented to estimate the coastal ocean response at two stations, E1 and E2, in Bohai Bay, China. The analyzed results indicate that at both stations, the adjusted SLs are related more to the regional wind, which is the averaged value of ERA-Interim data in Bohai Bay, than to the local wind. The estimated response using IBR with the regional meteorological forcing is much closer to the observed values than other methods, including the classical inverted barometer correction, the dynamic atmospheric correction, the multivariable linear regression, and the IBR with local forcing. The deviations between the observed values and the estimated values using IBR with regional meteorological forcing can be primarily attributed to remote wind. This case study indicates that IBR is a feasible and relatively effective method to estimate the coastal ocean response to meteorological forcing in shallow water.
Fully automated web-based tool for identifying regulatory hotspots
Authors: Choi Ju Hun , Kim Taegun , Jung Junghyun , Joo Jong Wha J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Regulatory hotspots are genetic variations that may regulate the expression levels of many genes. It has been of great interest to find those hotspots utilizing expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis. However, it has been reported that many of the findings are spurious hotspots induced by various unknown confounding factors. Recently, methods utilizing complicated statistical models have been developed that successfully identify genuine hotspots. Next-generation Intersample Correlation Emended (NICE) is one of the methods that show high sensitivity and low false-discovery rate in finding regulatory hotspots. Even though the methods successfully find genuine hotspots, they have not been widely used due to their non-user-friendly interfaces and complex running processes. Furthermore, most of the methods are impractical due to their prohibitively high computational complexity.

Results
To overcome the limitations of existing methods, we developed a fully automated web-based tool, referred to as NICER (NICE Renew), which is based on NICE program. First, we dramatically reduced running and installing burden of NICE. Second, we significantly reduced running time by incorporating multi-processing. Third, besides our web-based NICER, users can use NICER on Google Compute Engine and can readily install and run the NICER web service on their local computers. Finally, we provide different input formats and visualizations tools to show results. Utilizing a yeast dataset, we show that NICER can be successfully used in an eQTL analysis to identify many genuine regulatory hotspots, for which more than half of the hotspots were previously reported elsewhere.

Conclusions
Even though many hotspot analysis tools have been proposed, they have not been widely used for many practical reasons. NICER is a fully-automated web-based solution for eQTL mapping and regulatory hotspots analysis. NICER provides a user-friendly interface and has made hotspot analysis more viable by reducing the running time significantly. We believe that NICER will become the method of choice for increasing power of eQTL hotspot analysis.
Transcriptome analysis identifies genes involved in the somatic embryogenesis of Eucalyptus
Authors: Xiao Yufei , Li Junji , Zhang Ye , Zhang Xiaoning , Liu Hailong , Qin Zihai , Chen Bowen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Eucalyptus, a highly diverse genus of the Myrtaceae family, is the most widely planted hardwood in the world due to its increasing importance for fiber and energy. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one large-scale method to provide commercial use of the vegetative propagation of Eucalyptus and dedifferentiation is a key step for plant cells to become meristematic. However, little is known about the molecular changes during the Eucalyptus SE.

Results
We compared the transcriptome profiles of the differentiated and dedifferentiated tissues of two Eucalyptus species – E. camaldulensis (high embryogenetic potential) and E. grandis x urophylla (low embryogenetic potential). Initially, we identified 18,777 to 20,240 genes in all samples. Compared to the differentiated tissues, we identified 9229 and 8989 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the dedifferentiated tissues of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis x urophylla, respectively, and 2687 up-regulated and 2581 down-regulated genes shared. Next, we identified 2003 up-regulated and 1958 down-regulated genes only in E. camaldulensis, including 6 somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase, 17 ethylene, 12 auxin, 83 ribosomal protein, 28 zinc finger protein, 10 heat shock protein, 9 histone, 122 cell wall related and 98 transcription factor genes. Genes from other families like ABA, arabinogalactan protein and late embryogenesis abundant protein were also found to be specifically dysregulated in the dedifferentiation process of E. camaldulensis. Further, we identified 48,447 variants (SNPs and small indels) specific to E. camaldulensis, including 13,434 exonic variants from 4723 genes (e.g., annexin, GN, ARF and AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor). qRT-PCR was used to confirm the gene expression patterns in both E. camaldulensis and E. grandis x urophylla.

Conclusions
This is the first time to study the somatic embryogenesis of Eucalyptus using transcriptome sequencing. It will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis and dedifferentiation in Eucalyptus. Our results provide a valuable resource for future studies in the field of Eucalyptus and will benefit the Eucalyptus breeding program.
Development of a superstructure optimization framework for the design of municipal solid waste facilities
Authors: Puchongkawarin Channarong , Mattaraj Supatpong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to develop a decision-making tool for the design of the optimal municipal solid waste (MSW) facilities based on superstructure optimization. Currently, the disposal of MSW is a major problem due to the lack of awareness of the negative impacts resulting from dumping MSW into the environment. This poses a challenge for the authorities. MSW valorization such as anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and gasification has been increasingly focused on as an approach when handling MSW to enhance both economic and environmental sustainability. However, with an increasing array of processing technologies, the design of MSW facilities involving the integration of these technologies is becoming tedious and unmanageable. To deal with this problem, superstructure optimization is proposed. It is an effective tool for the design of several chemical processes because it is able to consider all potential process alternatives including the optimal solution using mathematical models based on mass and energy balances. Uncertainty is incorporated into the optimization framework to enhance the robustness of the solution. The proposed methodology was applied in the design process of the MSW facility in Ubon Rathathani Province, Thailand, with the objective function of maximizing the profit. The optimization problem was developed as Mixed Integer Linear Programming and it was solved using an optimization platform, General Algebraic Modeling System, with CPLEX as the solver related to obtaining the optimal solution. The results show there to be as positive profit that is economically viable compared to the use of landfill technology.
Solubility enhancement of carvedilol using drug–drug cocrystallization with hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Eesam Shivarani , Bhandaru Jaswanth S. , Naliganti Chandana , Bobbala Ravi Kumar , Akkinepally Raghuram Rao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Increasing hydrophilicity of poorly water-soluble drugs is a major challenge in drug discovery and development. Cocrystallization is one of the techniques to enhance the hydrophilicity of such drugs. Carvedilol (CAR), a nonselective beta/alpha1 blocker, used in the treatment of mild to moderate congestive heart failure and hypertension, is classified under BCS class II with poor aqueous solubility and high permeability. Present work is an attempt to improve the solubility of CAR by preparing cocrystals using hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), a diuretic drug, as coformer. CAR-HCT (2:0.5) cocrystals were prepared by slurry conversion method and were characterized by DSC, PXRD, FTIR, Raman, and SEM analysis. The solubility, stability, and dissolution (in vitro) studies were conducted for the cocrystals.

Results
The formation of CAR-HCT cocrystals was confirmed based on melting point, DSC thermograms, PXRD data, FTIR and Raman spectra, and finally by SEM micrographs. The solubility of the prepared cocrystals was significantly enhanced (7.3 times), and the dissolution (in vitro) was improved by 2.7 times as compared to pure drug CAR. Further, these cocrystals were also found to be stable for 3 months (90 days).

Conclusion
It may be inferred that the drug–drug (CAR-HCT) cocrystallization enhances the solubility and dissolution rate of carvedilol significantly. Further, by combining HCT as coformer could well be beneficial pharmacologically too.
Evaluación de la condición física en niños y jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual: una revisión
Authors: Camargo Rojas Diana Alexandra , Alonso Carol Daniela , Montenegro Bernal Duvan , Cortés Cortés Patricia , Escobar Soto Steffanny , Rincón Ortiz Lina Marcela 
Published: November 2020

El objetivo del estudio es identificar los procesos de evaluación de la condición física, empleando test de campo, aplicados en la población con discapacidad intelectual, a partir de la revisión documental de estudios que se han desarrollado entre el 2009 y el 2019. Esta es una investigación descriptiva enfocada en la revisión documental realizada en bases de datos Ebsco, Embase, Pubmed, Science Direct y Scopus con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: se consultaron documentos en inglés, español y portugués, con poblaciones objetivo pediátricas (< 18 años) y acceso completo gratuito. España y Estados Unidos son líderes en la producción de literatura relacionada con la aptitud física relacionada con la salud en estas poblaciones; en América Latina, Brasil lidera la investigación en esta área. Las cualidades físicas como la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza muscular y la resistencia son el área de interés más importante. Eurofit y Brockport Battery son las más utilizadas para evaluar la condición física. El presente estudio permite reconocer los diferentes test y medidas existentes para evaluar la aptitud física en población con discapacidad intelectual, con fines de desarrollar prescripción y diseño de programas de ejercicio físico. Las pruebas Eurofit y Brockport fueron las más utilizadas en población con discapacidad.
Políticas de la encarnación: Corporatividad y hegemonía. Castro-Gómez, lector de Laclau-Mouffe
Authors: Soto Morera Diego A. 
Published: November 2020

ResumenEn este artículo analizo la recepción de la teoría hegemónica de Laclau-Mouffe en la filosofía política del filósofo colombiano Santiago Castro-Gómez. El propósito de este ejercicio académico consiste en ponderar la distinción entre los conceptos de cuerpo y carne, al interior de las teorías políticas que piensan a partir de un fundamento agonístico de las relaciones sociales. Para cumplir con este objetivo, se reconstruye no solo la lectura que Castro-Gómez propone del proyecto de Laclau-Mouffe, sino que propongo un análisis de aquello que el colombiano estima como su principal limitación: el reduccionismo lingüístico de la política. Al interior de esta discusión considero fundamental introducir una consideración sobre el lugar que ocupa la encarnación en la teoría del último Laclau. El texto propone que una consideración de las luchas políticas y sus conquistas requiere tener en cuenta, no solo el carácter corporativo de los movimientos sociales, sino también aquellas aspiraciones en torno a lo ausente o no acaecido que nutren aspiraciones y demandas sociales.
Palabras clave: Hegemonía, Laclau-Mouffe, Castro-Gómez, antagonismo, encarnación.
Theoretical Study on the Formation of 1-neutron and 2-neutron Halo Nuclei via Decay of Elements in Super-Heavy Region
Authors: R.K. Biju  , K. Prathapan  , K.P. Anjali  
Published: November 2020

The possibility for the existence of 1-neutron and 2-neutron halo nuclei through the decay of even-even nuclei 270-316116, 272-318118 and 278-320120 in the super-heavy region is studied within the frame work of the Coulomb and Proximity Potential Model (CPPM). Halo structure in neutron rich nuclei with Z<=20 is identified by calculating the neutron separation energies and on the basis of potential energy considerations. The 1n + core configuration of proposed 1-neutron halo nuclei between z=10 and Z=20 is found shifted to 2n + core configuration in higher angular momentum states. The calculation of half-life of decay is performed by considering the proposed halo nuclei as spherical cluster and as deformed nuclei with a rms radius. Except for 15C, the half-life of decay is found decreased when the rms radius is considered. Only the 1-neutron halo nuclei 26F and 55Ca showed half-lives of decay which are less than the experimental limit. None of the proposed 2-neutron halo nuclei have shown a half-life of decay lower than the experimental limit. Also, the probability for the emission of neutron halo nuclei is found to be less in super-heavy region when compared with the clusters of same isotope family. Further, neutron shell closure at neutron numbers 150, 164 and 184 is identified form the plot of log10 T1/2 verses the neutron number of parents. The plots of Q-1/2 verses log10 T1/2 and -ln P verses log10 T1/2 for various halo nuclei emitted from the super-heavy elements are found to be linear showing that Geiger-Nuttall law is applicable to the emission of neutron halo also.