bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Interleukin-6 Levels in Neuron-Derived Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicles of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Patients
Authors: Lai Niansheng , Yao Yang , Yu Tao , Xia Dayong , Zhao Xintong , Wu Degang , Li Zhenbao , Fang Xinggen , Sheng Bin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a serious type of stroke with high mortality and disability. Identifying circulating biomarkers is helpful to improve theranostics of aSAH. In this study, we are for the first time to report circulating interleukin-6(IL-6) in neuron-derived small extracellular vesicles(NDSEVs) were identified to be the potential biomarkers in prognosis of aSAH. Methods: We extracted small extracellular vesicles from the plasma of aSAH patients and healthy controls and were enriched by sequential precipitation and anti-L1CAM antibody immunoabsorption. Subsequently,we determined IL-6 levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Plasma IL-6 NDSEVs showed distinct pattern differences between aSAH patients and healthy controls. The IL-6NDSEVs levels were increased and positively associated with disease monitoring and prognosis of aSAH patients. These data suggest an elevated neuroinflammatory cascade in aSAH patients.Conclusion: The IL-6NDSEVs maybe prospective biomarkers to indicate its progression, and thus may own great potential in applications such as prognostic evaluation of aSAH in the near future.
2-BFI Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice via Regulation of Lymphocytes Subsets
Authors: Shang Xiaofeng , Wang Tan , Xi Nana , Xu Huiqin , Zheng Rongyuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Imidazoline compounds are well accepted to exhibit various pharmacological effects including antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-morphine tolerance and inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase. 2-(-2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI), a selective imidazoline 2 receptor (I2R) ligand, has been proven to exhibit therapeutic effects for various neuroimmunological diseases. However, the mechanism behind its neuroprotective properties remains elusive. Methods: In this study, we used 2-BFI for the treatment of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG33-55). The clinical signs of neurological deficits were evaluated daily. The demyelination and inflammatory infiltration in the CNS of mice with EAE were examined by Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Flow cytometry was utilized to examine the ratios of lymphocyte subsets in the periphery and CNS of mice with EAE. We also used Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to observe the changes of expression of inflammatory cytokines by 2-BFI intervention. Results: We found that 2-BFI significantly reduced the incidence of EAE and attenuated the severity of neurological disability. Pathological staining showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of the mice were markedly alleviated via 2-BFI intervention. To explore the mechanism of action of 2-BFI, we used flow cytometry to determine immunophenotypes in the spleen and CNS of the mice. We discovered that 2-BFI significantly decreased the ratio of CD28+ lymphocytes and B cells in the spleen of EAE mice. In the CNS, the expression of CD4+ T cells was downregulated by 2-BFI, while B cells and CD39+ lymphocytes were dramatically increased. RT-PCR also demonstrated that the level of IFN-γ mRNA secreted by CD4+T cells was lower than that in the CNS of EAE mice, while the levels of TGF- β and IL-10mRNA secreted by Treg and B cells were increased with 2-BFI intervention. Conclusion: 2-BFI could ameliorate EAE-induced neurobehavioral deficits and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells via regulating the activation and migration of lymphocyte subsets. This study provides a new explanation for the protective mechanism of 2-BFI in neuroimmune diseases.
Quantitative Imagery Analysis of Spot Patterns for Haplogroup Classification of Triatoma Dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) an Important Vector of Chagas Disease
Authors: Flores Daryl David Cruz , Ávila Dennis Denis , Arellano Elizabeth , Ibarra-Cerdeña Carlos N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Spots and coloring patterns evaluated quantitatively can be used to discrimination and identify possible cryptic species. Triatoma dimidiata (Reduviidae: Triatominae) is one of the main complexes of Chagas disease vector species. Phylogenetic studies have defined three haplogroups for Mexico and part of Central America. In this work, we evaluate the possibility of correctly discriminating among these T. dimidiata haplogroups using the pattern of dorsal spots.Results: A distinctive spot pattern was found for each haplogroup. The most differentiated pattern was presented by haplogroup 2, mainly apparent in the notably larger central spots. Haplogroups 1 and 3 were more similar to each other, but there were consistent differences in the shape and orientation of the spots. Significant differences were found among haplogroups in almost all the variables analyzed, these differences being greater in relative spot area, mean relative area of central spots, central spots Feret diameters, lateral spots Feret diameters and aspect ratio. Both the DFA and the neural network had correct discrimination values above 90%. Conclusions: We conclude that the spot pattern can be reliably used to discriminate among haplogroups, and possibly among triatomine species.
Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Alteration of Lung Macrophages Following Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Neonatal Mice With Hyperoxia-Induced Injury
Authors: Al-Rubaie Ali , DeMatteo Robert , Sozo Foula , Cole Timothy , Harding Richard , Ricardo Sharon D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Lung immaturity is one of the most serious consequences of growth restriction and premature birth. Preterm babies often require mechanical ventilation to survive, but exposure to high levels of oxygen can permanently damage the lungs and interrupts normal development. As lung macrophages play an important role in hyperoxic lung injury and repair, our objective was to use next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify changes in the macrophage transcriptome following neonatal hyperoxia, with and without treatment with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We provide the first report of RNA-sequencing of lung macrophages following neonatal hyperoxia and hMSCs therapy. Methods Neonatal mice exposed to normoxia (21%O2) or hyperoxia (90% O2) from birth to postnatal day 4 were randomized to receive either hMSCs or vehicle via intratracheal delivery on postnatal day 4. Mouse lungs from normoxia and hyperoxia groups with and without hMSCs therapy were examined at day 14. RNA-sequencing was performed on flow-cytometric CD45+CD11b+CD11c+ sorted lung macrophages. Purified total RNA was used to construct barcoded multiplex-compatible sequencing libraries using: 1) Illumina Stranded mRNA Sample Preparation chemistry (for transcriptomics) and 2) Bio Scientific NEXTFlex Small RNA chemistry (for small RNA). Results Sorted CD45+CD11b+CD11c+ lung macrophages from hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice showed differentially expressed macrophage genes and miRNA compared to mice exposed to normoxia or hyperoxia+hMSCs. The administration of hMSCs was found to differentially upregulate 421 genes and downregulate 651 genes in CD45+CD11b+CD11c+ lung macrophages from neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia, compared to normoxia. Integrity pathway analysis (IPA) analysis of macrophage-specific gene pathways revealed the effectiveness of hMSCs in altering macrophage function towards an anti-inflammatory ‘M2’ phenotype. Small-RNA sequencing provided further evidence on the effects of hMSCs, where 1,098 small RNAs transcriptomes were expressed as either significantly up- or down-regulated in response to hMSCs therapy following hyperoxia-induced lung damage. Conclusions Pathway analysis of the predicted mRNA targets of differentially expressed genes provides insight into miRNAs that preferentially target several important pathways. These miRNAs will be functionally relevant for lung macrophages, and will provide a greater understanding of the interaction between macrophage genotype and the associated phenotypes in the setting of inflammation or tissue repair.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex in Children with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy as the First Manifestation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Han Yan-xin-li , He Ting , Wen Yu , Hu Xiu-fen , Lu Hui-ling 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary neurodermal syndrome with diverse clinical manifestations, implicating multiple organs including the nervous system, skin, kidney, lung, heart, eyes and others. Most of the children are first diagnosed with seizures or facial hemangiofibroma, 45% to 60% of patients with TSC lesions can affect the heart resulting in cardiac rhabdomyoma. Although most cardiac rhabdomyomas are asymptomatic, some children may develop severe symptoms such as hemodynamic abnormalities, arrhythmias, and even heart failure in the neonatal period and early infancy. But Tuberous sclerosis complex with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as the first manifestation is rare. Hence, physicians may delay diagnosis and treatment of TSC due to the lack of comprehensive thinking on this atypical presentation.Case presentation A 5-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital due to syncope for more than 10 days. When she was 8 months old, she was diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and received long-term oral propranolol treatment. After her admission, a thorough examination was performed. Heart exam revealed the revelant problem. Brain MRI demonstrated mutiple nodules in bilateral frontal parietal occipital cortex, subcortical cortex and bilateral lateral ventricular margin consistent with TSC. Genetic analysis (high-precision clinical display PLUS, JiaJian Medicine Company) revealed that the patient had inherited the TSC2 mutation c.1343T> C (p.L448P) from her mother (heterozygous), who was clinically unaffected.Conclusions: This report highlights that TSC occurs in different ways. Given the possibility of insidious and atypical tuberous sclerosis, when apical hypertrophy or cardiac tumors are identified, it is recommended to broaden the systemic examination even including genetic testing to further determine the cause, in order to reduce the misdiagnosis rate of tuberous sclerosis.
Novel H2S Donor Proglumide-ADT-OH Protects HUVECs From ox-LDL-Induced Injury Through NF-κB and JAK/SATA Pathway
Authors: Ou Xuelan , Yang Chunyan , Yu Chunlei , Zhang Shipeng , Huang Rong , Chen Chuan , Xia Tianqin , Zhou Chunyang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: As a gaseous me dilator, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has many physiological effects and pathological effects in atherosclerosis. In recent years, many exogenous H2S donors have been synthesized to study atherosclerosis diseases. Methods: Proglumide-(5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1, 2-dithiole-3-thione) (P-A) was synthesized as a H2S donor. The protective effect and mechanism of P-A on HUVEC that injured by ox-LDL was detected. Results: The HUEVCs was affected by 100μmol/L P-A for 24 hours, the release of H2S was the largest. After 100μmol/L P-A acted on HUVEC damage model for 12h, the cell proliferation activity was the best. The results showed that P-A can down regulate the expression of p-NF-кBp65 protein and reduce the amount of TNF-α and IL-6 and promote the formation of IL-10 by inhibiting the NF-кB pathway, and also induce the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to protect HUVEC from ox-LDL injury. P-A can also regulate JAK/STAT pathway to reduce the expression of p-JAK2 protein and reduce the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. Conclusion: P-A has protective effect on HUVEC injured by ox-LDL, and the protective mechanism is related to the regulation of JAK/STAT pathway and NF-кB pathway.
Education Based Health Belief's Model Impact on Promoting Preventive Behaviors Related to Hypertension Disease
Authors: Azadi Nemam Ali , ziapour arash , lebni Javad Yoosefi , Irandost Saied Fahim , Abbas Jaffar , Chaboksavar Fakhreddin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Hypertension is the leading cause of many diseases, including heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure and many internal diseases.Methods: This pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted using 128 staff of Iran University of medical sciences. They were randomly assigned to an intervention (n=64) or a control (n=64) group. Data collection tool was a questionnaire based on health belief model constructs, which included 42 questions. Results were interpreted using ANCOVA or robust ANCOVA as appropriate.Results: ANCOVA showed improvement in the cues to action of participants following educational intervention (P = 0.011). Robust ANCOVA revealed that the intervention was successful for participants with low to moderate initial levels of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy scores. The levels of these components didn’t change in participants with very high baseline scores. Compared to control group, regardless on baseline score, the perceived benefits and practice (behavior) of participants at intervention group were improved significantly (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that education based on the health belief model is effective in promoting hypertension preventive behaviors in university staff.
Clonorchis Sinensis-Derived Protein Attenuates Inflammation and New Bone Formation in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Lee Yu Jeong , Kim Moon-Ju , Jo Sungsin , Jin So-Hee , Park Pu-Reum , Song Ho-Chun , Kim Jahae , Kim Ji-Young , Shim Seung Cheol , Kim Tae-Hwan , Hong Sung-Jong , Kim Tae-Jong , Won Eun Jeong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Helminth infections and their components have been shown to have potential to modulate immunity and attenuate immune response. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential protective effects of Clonorchis sinensis–derived protein (CSp) on ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods: Cytotoxicity of CSp at different doses was assessed by MTS and flow cytometry before performing experiments. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) were obtained from AS patients. Inflammatory cytokine-producing cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. SKG mice were treated with CSp or vehicle. Inflammation and new bone formation were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, positron emission tomography (PET) and micro–computed tomography (CT).Results: Treatment with CSp resulted in no reduced cell viability of PBMCs or SFMCs. In experiments culturing PBMCs and SFMCs, the frequencies of IFN-g and IL-17A producing cells were significantly reduced after CSp treatment. In the SKG mouse model, CSp treatment significantly suppressed arthritis and enthesitis. Micro-CT analysis of hind paw revealed less new bone formation in CSp-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. Conclusions: We provide the first evidence demonstrating that CSp can ameliorate clinical signs and cytokine derrangements in AS. In addition, such CSp treatment could reduce new bone formation of AS.
Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) and High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Levels in Patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR): A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zou Wen , Wang Zehao , Xia Jing , Yang Jing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Antioxidant/oxidant imbalance has been reported to be related to diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Vitamin A (retinol), a kind of antioxidant, plays a role in restoring ovarian oxidative damage, while C-reactive protein (CRP) is the classical marker of oxidative stress and has recently been identified as an independent variable that is associated with low anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in young women with DOR. Additionally, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) can be considered a substitute for retinol in healthy, nonobese women. The study aim was to determine the relationship between serum RBP4, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and ovarian reserve in nonobese DOR patients.Methods: This study included 24 DOR women and 48 normal ovarian reserve (NOR) women from the reproductive medical center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. The serum RBP4 and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels were measured with ELISA kits.Results: RBP4 levels (20,648.36 ± 5475.16 vs 23,986.48 ± 5995.64, p = 0.025) were decreased, and hs-CRP levels (695.08 ± 1090.19 vs 364.32 ± 786.29, p = 0.012) were increased in the DOR group. Serum RBP4 was positively related to AMH (Pearson r = 0.518, p = 0.000), while hs-CRP was negatively correlated with AMH (Spearman r = -0.345, p = 0.005). after adjustments were made for the covariables, multiple line regression analysis showed that positive association between RBP4 and AMH still existed (β = 0.450, p ˂ 0.001). Conclusion: Decreased serum RBP4 levels and increased serum hs-CRP were observed in DOR patients in our study, and the strong correlation between RBP4 and AMH supports the notion that oxidative stress plays a role in DOR, and that appropriate levels of antioxidant vitamin A may be protective against ovarian reserve dysfunction.
Mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp Deletion in Peripheral Blood is Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Authors: Ye Mujin , Shi Weihui , Hu Bin , Guo Fei , Lin Xianhua , Jin Li , Xu Chenming , Li Shuyuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background PCOS is a common worldwide endocrine disorder. We aimed to examine the associations of two mtDNA biomarkers in the peripheral blood, mtDNA CN and mtDNA4977 DR, with PCOS in a clinical setting.Methods We performed a study involving 263 women with PCOS and 326 age-matched controls between January 2016 and December 2018. The mtDNA CN and mtDNA4977 DR were measured via a multiplex probe-based qPCR. The associations of mtDNA CN and mtDNA DR with the risk of PCOS were estimated by logistic regression.Results In the analysis between mtDNA biomarkers and PCOS, the mtDNA CN (P = 0.003) and mtDNA4977 DR (P < 0.001) levels in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in the controls. After adjusting for BMI, LH/FSH, and T, only higher mtDNA4977 DR was associated with PCOS (odds ratio 1.053, 95% confidence interval 1.024 to 1.083, P < 0.001). The linear dose-response trends of mtDNA4977 DR were also supported by the quartile analyses.Conclusions Multivariable models suggest that mtDNA4977 DR levels are strongly associated with PCOS and represent an independent risk factor for PCOS. Future investigation of the utility of mtDNA as a biomarker for PCOS is warranted.
Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Effective Factors: A Case of Iran
Authors: Jafari Abdosaleh , Jalali Farideh Sadat , Bayati Mohsen , Palmer Andrew J. , Bastani Peivand , Ravangard Ramin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:The World Health Organization (WHO) has placed special emphasis on protecting households from health care expenditures. Many households face catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) from a combination of economic poverty and financing the treatment of medical conditions. The present study aimed to measure the percentage of households facing catastrophic CHEs and the factors associated with the occurrence of CHEs in Shiraz, Iran in 2018.Methods:The present cross-sectional study was performed on 740 randomly selected households from different districts of Shiraz, Iran in 2018 using a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected using the Persian version of the "WHO Global Health Survey” questionnaire. CHEs were defined as health expenditures exceeding 40% of households’ capacity to pay. The associations between the households’ characteristics and facing CHEs were determined using the Chi-Square test as well as multiple logistic regression modelling in SPSS 23.0 at the significance level of 5%. Results:The results showed that 16.48% of studied households had faced CHEs. The higher odds of facing CHEs were observed in the households living in rented houses (OR=3.14, P-value<0.001), households with disabled members (OR=27.98, P-value<0.001), households with children under 5 years old (OR=2.718, P-value=0.02), and those without supplementary health insurance coverage (OR=1.87, P-value=0.01).Conclusion:CHEs may be reduced by increasing the use of supplementary health insurance coverage by individuals and households, increasing the support of the Social Security and the State Welfare Organizations for households with disabled members, developing programs such as the Integrated Child Care Programs, and setting home rental policies and housing policies for tenants.
The Patient Focused Outcomes of Neuroma Excision at a Mean Follow-up of 8 Years and 10 Months
Authors: Coutts Andrew , Kilmartin Tim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background - While the majority of patients do well following neuroma excision, good outcomes are far from universal. Hence we always provide a course of non-surgical treatment prior to surgery – footwear advice, orthotics, patient education and up to 3 corticosteroid injections. Furthermore, we wanted to understand and quantify the risks and complication to allow us to be able to provide this information to patients during informed consent.Methods - Between 2000 and 2012 neuroma excision from the 2nd intermetatarsal or 3rd intermetatarsal space was carried out consecutively on 42 cases (36 patients), for the treatment of IM neuroma pain. Three patients from the cohort died prior to follow-up and 6 cases failed to attend for review. The outcomes of surgery were measured in a service review using a visual analogue pain scale, the Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire, clinical examination of the foot and consultation with the patient where any adverse issues were recorded. The mean follow-up period was 8-years and 10-months (range 61-194 months). At the time of surgery, the mean age of the patients was 54-years of age (range 25-74 years) and at follow-up the mean age was 63-years of age (range 31-85 years). Results - Twenty four cases (73%) reported they were completely satisfied with the results of their surgery, 8 cases (24%) were satisfied with reservations and 1 case (3%) reported they were dissatisfied. All cases agreed they would be happy to undergo surgery under similar circumstance again if required, i.e. under local anaesthesia on a day case basis. 2 cases (6%) reported recurrence of symptoms and required revision surgery which was performed in one case at 9-years and in the other at 11-years. After further excision of nerve tissue, their symptoms resolved.Conclusion - Neuroma excision is a reasonably safe and effective treatment for neuroma pain when non-surgical treatments fail to resolve symptoms. Our approach requires meticulous clinical examination and history taking, up to three cortisone injections and then ultrasound examination before the patient is listed for surgery. In this way we hope to minimise the risk of incorrect diagnosis and continued pain post excision due to the presence of undiagnosed capsulitis.