bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Efficient and Stable Blue‐Emitting Cs5Cu3Cl6I2 with a 1D Chain Structure
Authors: Li Jiangwei , Inoshita Takeshi , Ying Tianping , Ooishi Atsushi , Kim Junghwan , Hosono Hideo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the field of photonics, alkali copper(I) halides attract considerable attention as lead‐free emitters. The intrinsic quantum confinement effects originating from low‐dimensional electronic structure lead to high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Among them, Cs3Cu2I5 is the most promising candidate, satisfying both high PLQY and air stability. In this study, a strategy to explore a new material meeting these requirements through the use of the mixed‐anions of I− and Cl− is proposed. The expectation is maintained that the large difference in ionic radii between them likely results in the formation of a novel compound. Consequently, Cs5Cu3Cl6I2 with a 1D zigzag chain structure is discovered. This material exhibits blue emission (≈462 nm) with a near‐unity quantum yield of 95%. An electronic structure calculation reveals that the localized nature of the valence band maximum is crucial in obtaining efficient self‐trapped exciton emission. Moreover, the iodine‐bridged 1D connectivity significantly enhances the chemical stability of Cs5Cu3Cl6I2, compared with the pure chloride phase. The present findings provide a new perspective for developing air‐stable alkali copper(I) halides with highly efficient luminescence.
High Photon Upconversion Efficiency with Hybrid Triplet Sensitizers by Ultrafast Hole‐Routing in Electronic‐Doped Nanocrystals
Authors: Ronchi Alessandra , Capitani Chiara , Pinchetti Valerio , Gariano Graziella , Zaffalon Matteo L. , Meinardi Francesco , Brovelli Sergio , Monguzzi Angelo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLow‐power photon upconversion (UC) based on sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation (sTTA) is considered as the most promising upward wavelength‐shifting technique to enhance the light‐harvesting capability of solar devices. Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) with conjugated organic ligands have been recently proposed to extend the limited light‐harvesting capability of molecular absorbers. Key to their functioning is efficient energy transfer (ET) from the NC to the triplet state of the ligands that sensitize free annihilator moieties responsible for the upconverted luminescence. The ET efficiency is typically limited by parasitic processes, above all nonradiative hole‐transfer to the ligand highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Here, a new exciton‐manipulation approach is demonstrated that enables loss‐free ET by electronically doping CdSe NCs with gold impurities that introduce a hole‐accepting intragap state above the HOMO energy of 9‐anthracene acid ligands. Upon photoexcitation, the NC photoholes are rapidly routed to the Au‐level, producing a long‐lived bound exciton in perfect resonance with the ligand triplet. This hinders hole‐transfer leading to ≈100% efficient ET that translates into an upconversion quantum yield as high as ≈12% (≈24% in the normalized definition), which is the highest performance for NC‐based upconverters based on sTTA to date and approaches the record efficiency of optimized organic systems.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens Married to 2D Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Multimodal Theranostics
Authors: Huang Jiachang , He Benzhao , Zhang Zhijun , Li Youmei , Kang Miaomiao , Wang Yuanwei , Li Kai , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInspired by the respective advantages of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active photosensitizers and black phosphorus nanomaterials in cancer treatment, the facile construction of novel AIE photosensitizers married to 2D black phosphorus nanosheets and their application for multimodal theranostics are demonstrated. The developed nanomaterial simultaneously possesses distinctive properties and multiple functions including excellent stability, good biocompatibility, intensive fluorescence emission in the NIR region, high‐performance reactive oxygen species generation, good photothermal conversion efficiency, outstanding cellular uptake, and effective accumulation at the tumor site. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluation show that the presented nanotheranostic system is an excellent candidate for NIR fluorescence–photothermal dual imaging‐guided synergistic photodynamic–photothermal therapies. This study thus not only extends the applications scope of AIE and black phosphorus materials, but also offers useful insights into designing a new generation of cancer theranostic protocol for potential clinical applications.
Rational Design of MOF‐Based Hybrid Nanomaterials for Directly Harvesting Electric Energy from Water Evaporation
Authors: Ma Qinglang , He Qiyuan , Yin Pengfei , Cheng Hongfei , Cui Xiaoya , Yun Qinbai , Zhang Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe continuous exploration of clean‐energy technology is critical for the sustainable development of society. The recent work on the electric energy harvesting from water evaporation has made a significant contribution to the utilization of clean energy for self‐powering systems. Here, a novel metal–organic‐framework‐based hybrid nanomaterial is delicately designed and synthesized by the growth of UIO‐66 nanoparticles on 2D AlOOH nanoflakes. Due to the combined merits from the 2D morphology, which is inherited from the AlOOH nanoflakes, and the high surface potential, which originates from the UIO‐66 nanoparticles, the device made of the AlOOH/UIO‐66 hybrid nanomaterials can harvest electric energy from natural water evaporation. An open‐circuit voltage of 1.63 ± 0.10 V can be achieved on the prototype devices made of the hybrid nanomaterial. As a proof‐of‐concept application, a small electric appliance, e.g., a digital calculator, is powered up by a 3 × 3 device array connected in a combined series–parallel configuration.
Rapid Osseointegration Bestowed by Carbonate Apatite Coating of Rough Titanium
Authors: Shi Rui , Hayashi Koichiro , Ishikawa Kunio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTitanium (Ti) implants that realize rapid osseointegration are required for favorable outcomes. Rough implant surfaces favor osseointegration, hence, coating implants with natural bone mineral, i.e., carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), may be effective for osseointegration. To achieve rapid osseointegration, rough‐Ti substrates are coated with CO3Ap (CO3Ap‐Ti) and the effects are evaluated in vitro and in vivo. For comparison, rough‐Ti without coating (rough‐Ti) and calcite‐coated rough‐Ti (calcite‐Ti) substrates are fabricated. The adhesive strengths of calcite and CO3Ap to the substrates are ≈56.6 and ≈76.8 MPa, respectively, being significantly higher than the strength defined in ISO13779‐2 (15 MPa). Calcite and CO3Ap coatings significantly promote preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cell proliferation. Additionally, the CO3Ap coating promotes higher osteogenic differentiation activity than the calcite coating. Implantation of CO3Ap‐Ti into rabbit tibia defects prompts bone maturation, compared to calcite‐Ti or rough‐Ti implantation. The bone‐implant contact percentage with CO3Ap‐Ti and calcite‐Ti is higher than that with rough‐Ti. Consequently, CO3Ap‐Ti acquires a robust bond with the host bone at an early stage (4 weeks postimplantation), compared to calcite‐Ti or rough‐Ti: the CO3Ap‐Ti–bone bonding strength is ≈1.9‐ and ≈5.5‐fold higher than that of calcite‐Ti and rough‐Ti, respectively. Thus, CO3Ap coating of Ti implants effectively achieve rapid osseointegration.
Monodisperse Fe2O3 Supraparticles: Eco‐Friendly Fabrication, Gallic Acid Modification, Size‐Dependent Photothermal Conversion Efficiency, and Cellular Uptake
Authors: Ling Jing , Gong Suqin , Xia Yunsheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the eco‐friendly fabrication system of the hierarchical monodisperse Fe2O3 supraparticles (SPs) is systematically studied. First, by means of urea as pH modulator, monodisperse Fe2O3 SPs with 7 to 90 nm in diameters can be one‐step in situ self‐assembled in 100% water solution. Then, the SPs can be reliably fabricated by various carboxyl stabilizers, indicating the versatility of the proposed fabrication system. Third, by means of gallic acid (GA) modification, the corresponding products (denoted as Fe2O3@GA SPs) can be endowed near‐infrared light‐absorbing properties and photothermal therapy potentials. Fourth, the Fe2O3@GA SPs exhibit size‐dependent photothermal performances and cellular uptake. In terms of 8 nm sized Fe2O3@GA SPs, their photothermal conversion efficiency and cellular uptake are 66.63% and 8.4 pg Fe/cell, both of which are higher than that of 25 and 47 nm sized products.
Electrostatic‐Assembled MXene@NiAl‐LDHs Electrodes with 3D Interconnected Networks Architectures for High‐Performance Pseudocapacitor Storage
Authors: Zhao Zhilin , Wu Xinming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultifarious layered electrode materials are attracting increased attention in the field of energy storage because of their high specific surface and interlayer modifiability. However, the natural tendency to be re‐superimposed and the inherent disadvantages of a single layered electrode significantly affect electronic transport and ion migration. Considering the poor electrochemical performance and low structural stability, a novel MXene@PDDA/NiAl‐LDHs hybrids as supercapacitor electrode via an electrostatic‐assembled approach is elaborately designed. The alternate MXene and PDDA/NiAl‐LDHs layers with 3D interconnected networks architectures could ensure intimate contact to efficiently take advantage of high electron conductivity of MXene and high pseudocapacitance activity of PDDA/NiAl‐LDHs, thus effectively accelerating the ionic/electronic transport rates and improving the electrochemical storage of hybrid electrodes. As a consequence, as an electrode for supercapacitor, the MXene@PDDA/NiAl‐LDHs exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1825.8 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1, a remarkable synergetic effect, leading to a high rate capability after 100 cycles at different current densities and long cycling stability with only 0.9% degradation after 5000 cycles at 5.0 A g−1. This work provides a strategy for 2D layered materials to design electrodes with excellent electrochemical performance in the field of energy storage.
Fabrication of Biopassive Surfaces Using Poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazoline)s: Recent Progresses and Applications
Authors: Trachsel Lucca , Romio Matteo , Ramakrishna Shivaprakash N. , Benetti Edmondo M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazoline)s (PAOXAs) are emerging among the most promising nonionic alternatives to poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs), specifically in the modification and functionalization of biomaterials. Due to their chemical tailorability and robustness, coupled to their relatively easy synthesis, PAOXAs are increasingly applied as adsorbates to generate bioinert surfaces that prevent nonspecific contamination by proteins, cells and bacteria. Passivation of medical devices, sensors and cell‐sensitive platforms with PAOXAs enables a nearly quantitative suppression of nonspecific biological contamination, while biopassivity is maintained over longer incubation times than those recorded for more degradable PEG‐based coatings. Thanks to these unique advantages, surface modification strategies involving PAOXAs are expanding to nanomaterials, especially those applied in the fabrication of nanomedicine and bioimaging tools.
Coaxial Cable‐Like Carbon Nanotubes‐Based Active Fibers for Highly Capacitive and Stable Supercapacitor
Authors: Yang Pingping , Xie Jiale , Wang Liuliu , Chen Xiaoying , Wu Fengkai , Huang Yuelong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolyoxometalate (POM) as one pseudocapacitive material could efficiently boost the capacitance of carbon materials. However, POM hydrolysis is a key obstacle in utilizing POM for supercapacitors, causing reduced cycling stability. Here, coaxial cable‐like carbon nanotubes(CNTs)‐based active fibers are synthesized for highly capacitive and stable supercapacitors. The POM layer of PMo12O403− (PMo) is physically protected from the hydrolysis by the external polyaniline (PANI) layer. The optimal CNT/PMo/PANI fibers show a highly specific capacitance of 825 F g−1 at 5 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability (≈85% retention at 6000th cycle). However, the control structure of CNT/PANI/PMo only deliver 486 F g−1 at 5 A g−1 and 64% capacitance retention achieved after 500 cycles. The significant improvements of CNT/PMo/PANI can be attributed to the synergistic effect of CNTs, PMo, and PANI. CNTs serve as a 1D charge transport expressway and anchor through poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) linkers. PMo clusters and PANI serve as the main active centers for fast reversible redox reactions, contributing pseudocapacitance. PANI serves as a shield layer for maintaining the integrity of PMo clusters and thus ensure good stability.
Wafer‐Scale Organic Complementary Inverters Fabricated with Self‐Assembled Monolayer Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhao Baolin , Gothe Bastian , Sarcletti Marco , Zhao Yuhan , Rejek Tobias , Liu Xin , Park Hyoungwon , Strohriegl Peter , Halik Marcus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of π‐conjugated molecules can achieve robust charge transport by the formation of ordered 2D layers at the desired regions, which enable their application for organic integrated circuits. Here, the self‐assembled monolayer field‐effect transistor concept is applied as a scalable method to realize fully integrated complementary inverters by stepwise semiconductor deposition. Two‐component stacked bilayer ambipolar transistors are fabricated by semiconducting self‐assembled monolayers (n‐SAM or p‐SAM) as the bottom layer and a complementary thin‐film semiconductor layer on top. The integrated complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor like (CMOS‐like) inverter achieves proper logic performances. The nanometer‐thin monolayers exhibit effective charge transport and their flat, homogeneous surfaces benefit the interconnected growth of the top layer. Furthermore, by controlling the solution‐based and region‐selective deposition of p‐ and n‐type SAMs, fully integrated CMOS inverters are realized on wafer scale by photolithography for the first time. The CMOS inverters show a nearly 100% yield with a gain up to 48, and noise margin 3.68 V (73.6% of VDD/2). The strategy of semiconducting SAMs for digital logic gates demonstrates a reliable approach for sophisticated large‐area circuits.
Stabilized Co‐Free Li‐Rich Oxide Cathode Particles with An Artificial Surface Prereconstruction
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Gao Rui , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Dong Yanhao , Hunt Adrian , Lee Jinhyuk , Li Ju 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLi‐rich metal oxide (LXMO) cathodes have attracted intense interest for rechargeable batteries because of their high capacity above 250 mAh g−1. However, the side effects of hybrid anion and cation redox (HACR) reactions, such as oxygen release and phase collapse that result from global oxygen migration (GOM), have prohibited the commercialization of LXMO. GOM not only destabilizes the oxygen sublattice in cycling, aggravating the well‐known voltage fading, but also intensifies electrolyte decomposition and Mn dissolution, causing severe full‐cell performance degradation. Herein, an artificial surface prereconstruction (ASR) for Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 particles with a molten‐molybdate leaching is conducted, which creates a crystal‐dense anion‐redox‐free LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 shell that completely encloses the LXMO lattice (ASR‐LXMO). Differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy and soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that GOM is shut down in cycling, which not only stabilizes HACR in ASR‐LXMO, but also mitigates the electrolyte decomposition and Mn dissolution. ASR‐LXMO displays greatly stabilized cycling performance as it retains 237.4 mAh g−1 with an average discharge voltage of 3.30 V after 200 cycles. More crucially, while the pristine LXMO cycling cannot survive 90 cycles in a pouch full‐cell matched with a commercial graphite anode and lean (2 g A−1 h−1) electrolyte, ASR‐LXMO shows high capacity retention of 76% after 125 cycles in full‐cell cycling.
Early season growth of corn as influenced by seed treatment
Authors: Vagedes Rose V. , Lindsey Alexander J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate variability has increased demand for research on how management practices impact crop growth. Past research suggests increased root cortical aerenchyma tissue may increase corn's tolerance to abiotic stress, and it is possible seed treatments may affect its formation. In 2019, an open‐air pot study was conducted in central Ohio to assess how a commercial seed treatment (Poncho 1250 + VOTiVO) would impact early season above‐ and belowground growth of corn (Zea mays L.). Two recombinant inbred lines and two commercial hybrids were selected, with each corn accession treated with clothianidin + Bacillus firmus I‐1582 (Poncho 1250 + VOTiVO) or untreated prior to planting. Seed treatment had a positive effect on growth stage, plant height, and root surface area at termination. Root porosity was unaffected by seed treatment aside from one commercial hybrid where porosity decreased with seed treatment. Application of Poncho 1250 + VOTiVO improved early season growth of seedlings, but more research is needed to understand its impact on yield and improving crop tolerance to early season abiotic stresses.
Biochemical and physiological responses of Cannabis sativa to an integrated plant nutrition system
Authors: Da Cunha Leme Filho Jose F. , Thomason Wade E. , Evanylo Gregory K. , Zhang Xunzhong , Strickland Michael S. , Chim Bee K. , Diatta Andre A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe illegal status of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) post‐World War II resulted in a lack of research on agricultural practices. However, there is a resurgence of interest in cannabis due to diverse uses such as a rich source of cellulosic/woody fiber and construction uses, seed oil, bioenergy and pharmaceutical properties. The principle of an integrated plant nutrition system (IPNS) is to enable adaptation of plant nutrition and soil fertility management to local site characteristics, attempting to optimize use of inorganic, organic and biological resources. This project investigated the individual and combined use of inorganic, organic and biological fertilizer resources on cannabis before and after a period of moderate water stress. We evaluated the individual and combined effects of commercial synthetic fertilizer, humic acid (HA), manure tea and bioinoculant as inorganic, organic and biological resources, respectively on cannabis growth and physiological parameters. Our hypothesis was that the synergetic effects of HA + biofertilizers would improve cannabis growth. When compared to the control, the application of HA and biofertilizer alone, or in combination, increased plant height, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency by 55, 8 and 12%, respectively, after water stress. Cannabis biomass of treated plants was rarely different from the control. The combined application of HA + biofertilizer resulted in additive, but not synergistic, increases in measured parameter. Future research should focus on the effects of biostimulants on CBD/THC content due to the potential impact on the production of secondary metabolites in plants under stress.
Wild Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) feeding rates and the Marginal Value Theorem
Authors: DiGiorgio Andrea L. , Upton Elizabeth M. , Susanto Tri Wahyu , Knott Cheryl D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Marginal Value Theorem (MVT) is an integral supplement to Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT) as it seeks to explain an animal's decision of when to leave a patch when food is still available. MVT predicts that a forager capable of depleting a patch, in a habitat where food is patchily distributed, will leave the patch when the intake rate within it decreases to the average intake rate for the habitat. MVT relies on the critical assumption that the feeding rate in the patch will decrease over time. We tested this assumption using feeding data from a population of wild Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) from Gunung Palung National Park. We hypothesized that the feeding rate within orangutan food patches would decrease over time. Data included feeding bouts from continuous focal follows between 2014 and 2016. We recorded the average feeding rate over each tertile of the bout, as well as the first, midpoint, and last feeding rates collected. We did not find evidence of a decrease between first and last feeding rates (Linear Mixed Effects Model, n = 63), between a mid‐point and last rate (Linear Mixed Effects Model, n = 63), between the tertiles (Linear Mixed Effects Model, n = 63), nor a decrease in feeding rate overall (Linear Mixed Effects Model, n = 146). These findings, thus, do not support the MVT assumption of decreased patch feeding rates over time in this large generalist frugivore.
Prevalence and reversibility of smell dysfunction measured psychophysically in a cohort of COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Moein Shima T. , Hashemian Seyed MohammadReza , Tabarsi Payam , Doty Richard L. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundConsiderable evidence suggests that smell dysfunction is common in coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). Unfortunately, extant data on prevalence and reversibility over time are highly variable, coming mainly from self‐report surveys prone to multiple biases. Thus, validated psychophysical olfactory testing is sorely needed to establish such parameters.MethodsOne hundred severe acute respiratory syndrome‒coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐positive patients were administered the 40‐item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) in the hospital near the end of the acute phase of the disease. Eighty‐two were retested 1 or 4 weeks later at home. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and mixed‐effect regression models.ResultsInitial UPSIT scores were indicative of severe microsmia, with 96% exhibiting measurable dysfunction; 18% were anosmic. The scores improved upon retest (initial test: mean, 21.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.84‐23.09; retest: mean, 31.13; 95% CI, 30.16‐32.10; p < 0.0001); no patient remained anosmic. After 5 weeks from COVID‐19 symptom onset, the test scores of 63% of the retested patients were normal. However, the mean UPSIT score at that time continued to remain below that of age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (p < 0.001). Such scores were related to time since symptom onset, sex, and age.ConclusionSmell loss was extremely common in the acute phase of a cohort of 100 COVID‐19 patients when objectively measured. About one third of cases continued to exhibit dysfunction 6 to 8 weeks after symptom onset. These findings have direct implications for the use of olfactory testing in identifying SARS‐CoV‐2 carriers and for counseling such individuals with regard to their smell dysfunction and its reversibility.