bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling natural serum antibodies of non‐human primates with a carbohydrate antigen microarray
Authors: Nanno Yoshihide , Sterner Eric , Gildersleeve Jeffrey C. , Hering Bernhard J. , Burlak Christopher 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEngineering of α‐Galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout pigs circumvented hyperacute rejection of pig organs after xenotransplantation in non‐human primates. Overcoming this hurdle revealed the importance of non‐α‐Gal carbohydrate antigens in the immunobiology of acute humoral xenograft rejection.MethodsThis study analyzed serum from seven naïve cynomolgus monkeys (blood type O/B/AB = 3/2/2) for the intensity of natural IgM and IgG signals using carbohydrate antigen microarray, which included historically reported α‐Gal and non‐α‐Gal carbohydrate antigens with various modifications.ResultsThe median (range) of IgM and IgG signals were 12.71 (7.23‐16.38) and 9.05 (7.23‐15.90), respectively. The highest IgM and IgG signals with narrowest distribution were from mono‐ and disaccharides, followed by modified structures. Natural anti‐α‐Gal antibody signals were medium to high in IgM (11.2‐15.9) and medium in IgG (8.5‐11.6) spectra, and was highest with Lac core structure (Galα1‐3Galβ1‐4Glc, iGb3) and lowest with LacNAc core structure (Galα1‐3Galβ1‐4GlcNAc). Similar signal intensities (up to 15.8 in IgM and up to 11.8 in IgG) were observed for historically detected natural non‐α‐Gal antigens, which included Tn antigen, T antigen, GM2 glycolipid, and Sda antigen. The hierarchical clustering analysis revealed the presence of clusters of anti‐A antibodies and was capable of distinguishing between the blood group B and AB non‐human primates.ConclusionsThe results presented here provide the most comprehensive evaluation of natural antibodies present in cynomolgus monkeys.
Rapid‐onset vasodilator responses to exercise in humans: Effect of increased baseline blood flow
Authors: Dillon Gabrielle A. , Shepherd John R. A. , Casey Darren P. , Dinenno Frank A. , Curry Timothy B. , Joyner Michael J. , Ranadive Sushant M. 
Published: November 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the effect of an elevated baseline blood flow, induced by high‐dose intra‐arterial infusion of either adenosine or ATP, on the rapid‐onset vasodilatory response to a single forearm muscle contraction?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The peak response to a single contraction is unaffected by augmented baseline blood flow, and thus, is likely to be attributable to a feedforward vasodilatory mechanism.

AbstractThe hyperaemic responses to single muscle contractions are proportional to exercise intensity, which, in turn, is proportional to tissue metabolic demand. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that the rapid‐onset vasodilatory response after a single muscle contraction would be unaffected when baseline blood flow was increased via high‐dose intra‐arterial infusion of either adenosine (ADO) or ATP. Twenty‐four healthy young participants (28 ± 1 years) performed a single forearm contraction (20% maximal voluntary contraction) 75 min after commencement of a continuous infusion of ADO (n = 6), ATP (n = 8) or saline (control; n = 10). Brachial artery diameter and blood velocity were measured using Doppler ultrasound. Resting forearm vascular conductance (FVC; in millilitres per minute per 100 mmHg per decilitre of forearm volume) was significantly higher during ADO (33 ± 17) and ATP infusion (33 ± 17) compared with the control infusion (8 ± 3; P < 0.05). The peak FVCs post‐contraction during ADO and ATP infusions were significantly greater than during the control infusion (P < 0.05), but not different from one another. The peak change in FVC from baseline was similar in all three conditions (control, 14 ± 1; ADO, 24 ± 2; and ATP, 23 ± 6; P = 0.15). Total FVC (area under the curve) did not differ significantly between ADO and ATP (333 ± 69 and 440 ± 125); however, total FVC during ATP infusion was significantly greater compared with the control value (150 ± 19; P < 0.05). We conclude that the peak response to a single contraction is unaffected by augmented baseline blood flow and is therefore likely to be attributable to a feedforward vasodilatory mechanism.
Study on Mode Repulsion of Ultrasonic-Guided Waves in Pipe Bends
Authors: Wu Wenjun , Zhu Longxiang , Wang Yuemin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The wave motion of guided waves in pipe bends is still veiled in some mystery, which hinders the application of guided-wave techniques in the inspection of pipelines with bends. Mode repulsion, which exists in the wavenumber versus frequency dispersion curves of guided waves in pipe bends, is an intriguing phenomenon deserving in depth study. The governing equation of wave motion in pipe bends, deduced by the semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) method, can be regarded as an eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalue derivatives, with respect to the wavenumber, are investigated to determine whether mode repulsion will occur or not. A term in the second derivative of the eigenvalue is identified to determine the mode repulsions. With respect to symmetry, it is found that mode repulsion only occurs between modes of one and the same type, such as symmetric or antisymmetric modes, and does not occur between modes of different type, like between symmetric and antisymmetric modes. A specific case of mode repulsion in a small-bore thin-walled pipe in the low-frequency range, where relatively fewer modes exist, is further studied, and the interactions between these modes are clarified. The evolutions of mode shapes before and after mode repulsion are further illustrated.
Estimating Laminar Flame Speed and Ignition Delay for a Series of Natural Gas Mixtures at IC Engine-Relevant Conditions
Authors: Fieseler Kelsey , Linker Taylor , Patterson Mark , Rem Daniel , Jacobs Timothy J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Two equations are developed to estimate laminar flame speed and ignition delay for different alkane mixtures at a range of engine-relevant conditions. Fuel mixtures of methane, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane were selected by analyzing the natural gas composition in a natural gas pipeline located in the Midwestern United States. The laminar flame speed and ignition delay were calculated for each mixture at each set of conditions using Cantera, a chemical kinetics solver. The range of initial conditions for laminar flame speed includes temperatures from 300 to 700 K, pressures from 1 to 40 bar, equivalence ratios from 0.4 to 1.2, and residual fractions from 0% to 20%. These data were then fit to a non-linear regression. The range of initial conditions for the ignition delay equation includes temperatures from 1100 to 2000 K, pressures from 1 to 40 bar, equivalence ratios from 0.4 to 1.15, and residual fractions from 0% to 20%. These data were fit to a previously developed equation. Sensitivity studies were conducted on each equation to quantify the impact of the independent variables on the target variable. This showed that, for laminar flame speed, the initial pressure, temperature, and equivalence ratio had the largest impact, with fuel composition having a lesser impact. For ignition delay, the temperature and pressure were shown to have the largest impact. There is a room for improvement, namely, increasing the fuel mixture variability and range of initial conditions, and developing a better fit to the data.
Passive Pitching Mechanism of Three-Dimensional Flapping Wings in Hovering Flight
Authors: Li Chengyu , Wang Junshi , Liu Geng , Deng Xiaolong , Dong Haibo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Flapping wings of insects can passively maintain a high angle of attack due to the torsional flexibility of wing basal region without the aid of the active pitching motion. However, the lift force generated by such passive pitching motion has not been well explored in the literature. Consequently, there is no clear understanding of how torsional wing flexibility should be designed for optimal performance. In this work, a computational study was conducted to investigate the passive pitching mechanism of flapping wings in hovering flight using a torsional spring model. The torsional wing flexibility was characterized by Cauchy number. The impacts of the inertial effect of wings were evaluated using the mass ratio. The aerodynamic forces and associated unsteady flow structures were simulated by an in-house immersed-boundary-method based computational fluid dynamic solver. A parametric study on the Cauchy number was performed with a Reynolds number of 300 at a mass ratio of 1.0, which covers a wide range of species of insect wings. According to the analysis of the aerodynamic performance, we found that the optimal lift can be achieved at a Cauchy number around 0.16, while the optimal efficiency in terms of lift-to-power ratio was reached at a Cauchy number around 0.3. All the corresponding wing pitching kinematics had a pitching magnitude around 60 degrees with slightly advanced rotation. In addition, 3D wake structures generated by the passive flapping wings were analyzed in detail. The findings of this work could provide important implications for designing more efficient flapping-wing micro air vehicles.
Investigation on the Characteristic of Bubbles in Horizontal Channel Flow by Fiber Optic Sensor
Authors: Hiroi Takamichi , Hamada Tatsuya , Kawakita Chiharu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Friction drag and characteristic of bubbles in horizontal water channel are investigated at bulk liquid velocity Um = 1 ∼ 5 m/s (Reynolds number Rem = 16,000 ∼ 120,000 (based on the channel height)) and mean void fraction α = 0.5, 1, 2 %. Firstly, shear stress sensor is applied to investigate the relation between friction drag with bubbles and bulk liquid velocity. Friction drag in the bubbly flow is larger than it in the single-phase flow at Um = 1 ∼ 2 m/s. It in the bubbly flow, however, decreases with the mean liquid velocity. Furthermore, it in bubbly flow is smaller than it in the single-phase flow at Um ≥ 3 m/s. Secondly, fiber optic sensor is applied to investigate the void fraction distribution, bubble diameter distribution and streamwise velocity of bubbles. The peak value of the void fraction decreases with increasing of the bulk liquid velocity at Um = 2 ∼ 5 m/s. Bubbles exist in only y/δ = 0 ∼ 0.5 at Um = 1, 2 m/s. The mean bubble velocity increases with the bulk liquid velocity. The mean Sauter diameter decreases with increasing of the bulk liquid velocity. It appears that the high void ratio near the wall causes the increasing of drag and friction drag decreases when bubbles exist in whole of upper half of channel.
Cryogenic Pumps Monitoring, Diagnostics and Expert Systems Using Motor Current Signature Analyses and Vibration Analyses
Authors: Popaleny Peter , Péton Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper discusses the Cryogenic Pumps Condition Monitoring and Machinery Diagnostics Systems, including the automated Expert Diagnostics Systems. The Cryogenic Pump construction differs by design, failure modes and criticality and no single solution will suit all designs. Therefore, two approaches are discussed: Motor Current Signature Analyses and Vibration Analyses. The paper further shows the real case studies, diagnostics and findings on Cryogenic Pumps using both analyses.
The article addresses common failure types and proposes applicable solutions. The Cryogenic Pumps mechanical and electrical malfunctions are discussed, their reflection on the dynamic current spectrum using improved Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA), aka. Model-Based Voltage and Current (MBVI) Analyses and vibration spectrum using Vibration Analyses (VA). The article contrasts the similarities vs. differences and advantages vs. disadvantages of both methods and may be of value for field engineers to understand the pros. and cons. of each technology.
The paper outlines the Expert Diagnostics System based on MBVI, able to distinguish automatically among different malfunctions. The Expert System uses the power spectral density of the difference between the expected current obtained from the model and the actual current. These differences include only abnormalities generated by the motor anomaly. Therefore, they are immune to the noise or harmonics present in the supply voltages.
The presented results, using both approaches: Model-Based Voltage and Current Analyses and Vibration Analyses, prove the potential of both techniques and the advantages of their combined use for reaching a maximum reliable Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics of Cryogenic Pumps.
Effect of Reactor Thickness on Gas-Solid Flow and Heat Transfer of Thin Rectangular Fluidized Bed Reactors for CO2 Capture
Authors: Choi Seungyeong , Bang Minho , Kim Kiwoong , Park Yong-Ki , Cho Hyung Hee 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Thermal design of dual circulating fluidized bed reactors for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture was carried out. To handle large heat duties for regeneration, a thin rectangular reactor was proposed. For feasible thermal design, the effect of varying reactor thickness on the gas-solid flow and heat transfer of the thin rectangular fluidized bed was investigated. Reactor thickness of 10, 30, and 60 mm was tested. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the pressure difference, solid particle hold-up distribution, particle velocity, granular temperature, and heat transfer in detail. According to our results, when the reactor is between 10 mm and 30 mm thick, a large solid hold-up occurs adjacent to the narrow wall. This causes a large pressure difference due to the wall effect. Furthermore, the particle velocities were analyzed to evaluate that there is the two-dimensional (2D) particle mixing behaviors. On the other hand, in the case of reactors with a thickness of 60 mm, tuning flows occur adjacent to the narrow wall. This reduced the pressure difference and the three-dimensional (3D) particle mixing behaviors. This difference in particle behavior affected heat transfer. In the case of reactor thicknesses between 10 mm and 30 mm, the heat transfer increased with the reactor thickness. In particular, the heat transfer at the narrow wall of the reactor with a thickness of 10 mm was extremely low due to the low particle mixing. On the other hand, there was more heat transfer with a thickness at the 60 mm wall, despite the low solid hold-up.
Assessment of Compressible RANS and LES Methods for Organic Vapor Flows Past a NACA4412 Airfoil
Authors: Hasselmann Karsten , aus der Wiesche Stefan , Kenig Eugeny Y. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this contribution, an assessment of compressible Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is presented using transonic organic vapor flow past a NACA4412 airfoil as a case study. The NACA4412 represents a canonical geometry, which, in case of air, has been well investigated numerically and experimentally. The results of the real gas simulations are compared with those of air simulations. For the real gas, the organic vapor Novec 649® is chosen as a representative fluid. The thermodynamic behavior of Novec 649® is modeled with the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Different inlet Mach numbers are applied, namely, a sub-critical, the critical, and a super-critical Mach number. It turns out, that the critical Mach number of the NACA4412 airfoil increases when Novec 649® is used as working fluid. Furthermore, it is shown that real gas flow simulations cause additional difficulties for the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Although the speed of sound of Novec 649® is lower than the speed of sound of air, a finer grid resolution is required for the real gas simulations due to its high density. Based on an extensive simulation study, an assessment of different numerical modelling strategies and methods is given.
Simulation-Based Approach to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Challenges
Authors: Milanovic Ivana , Eppes Tom , Wright Kamau 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses an undergraduate mechanical engineering (ME) curricular sequence of four required and four elective courses (4+4) in the area of modeling, simulation, and application development with the focus on the thermo-fluids topics. The purpose is early and consistent integration of knowledge and modern computational skills across curriculum. This approach facilitates a deeper understanding of complex theoretical concepts and engineering solutions by embedding modeling and simulations in required courses from the freshmen to the junior year. Professional electives provide an additional opportunity to apply the same strategy either in the concentration format or in one-off courses that individual students may decide to take.
The sequence starts with four courses that are required for all ME majors: Graphic Communication, Computer-Aided Design and Analysis, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer. Four additional courses are technical electives and a part of an undergraduate Computational Mechanical Engineering (Comp ME) concentration: Applied CFD, Multidisciplinary Modeling, Finite Element Analysis, and Convective Heat and Momentum Transfer. The first two required courses, Graphic Communication and Computer-Aided Design and Analysis, provide the foundation in model development. There can also be opportunities to embed simulations as a part select sophomore level courses, such as Thermo-dynamics. In the third year thermo-fluids sequence, as well as in the Comp ME technical electives, students gain experience creating models of new and existing systems, visualizing simulation results, going through the process of verification and validation, optimizing solutions, and building applications.
We will first present the rationale for adopting a simulation-based approach to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) challenges. Second, we will show how this high-impact approach can be implemented without additional labor-intensive work on the part of faculty members. Finally, special attention will be devoted to the required and elective thermo-fluids courses that use COMSOL Multiphysics® as the software platform. In each course, a series of models are created and documented in technical reports. Applications are also built based on the underlying models to complete the experience. The paper provides a detailed description of the technical content in each course, learning strategies, expected outcomes, and assessment criteria. Several examples illustrating student work are presented. How and why the courses evolved and were improved over time is included. Lastly, the importance and value of this approach in view of changes coming to the ABET criteria is discussed.
Redesign and Performance Analysis of Medium Flow Coefficient Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Yousef Khaled , Engeda Abraham , Hegazy Ahmed 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In-house design/analysis program is used in this study to redesign and predict the entire performance of an existing centrifugal compressor. The centrifugal compressor experimental data from a cooperative company is validated first with the 3D CFD simulation for a single passage flow. The validation shows an acceptable performance discrepancy between experimental data and CFD for the existing impeller. Then, a redesign procedure by the in-house program is carried out to get more efficient impeller based on the experimental data. This redesigned impeller is re-implemented in the CFD simulation to be compared with in-house program analysis data. The validation shows a good performance comparison between CFD and in-house program for the redesigned impeller. Moreover, this procedure succeeds to improve the redesigned stage efficiency and work coefficient with 6.79%, and 10.55% compared to the experimental impeller, respectively.
Experimental Tests With Centrifugal Pumps: Degradation of Performance, Instability and Dynamic Phenomena With Non-Newtonian Suspensions of Kaolin in Water
Authors: Occari Matteo , Munari Enrico , Mazzanti Valentina , Pinelli Michele , Mollica Francesco , Suman Alessio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The performance of pumps when working with non-Newtonian fluids significantly change with respect to water. In several experimental tests with non-Newtonian fluids, significant deration of head and the presence of head instability were observed. The present work aims to better understand this phenomenon since the reasons that originate it are not clear. Two small size centrifugal pumps were experimentally tested with different mixtures of kaolin-in-water, which showed a verified non-Newtonian behavior. The rheology of the mixtures and the particle size distribution of kaolin powder were measured to characterize the fluids. Similar to previous tests, a strong reduction of head and the appearance of instability were observed at low flow rates and, in some cases, also at higher flow rates. This behavior was related to the presence of air trapped into the fluid that, within the pump, generated a phenomenon known as gas-locking, which in literature it has been studied in detail with water but not with non-Newtonian fluids. Moreover, in some working conditions, non-stable time-varying phenomena are observed and their consequence on performance commented. Comparing the two pumps, characterized by a similar specific speed but by a different geometry, the head drop manifested itself with different intensity.
Recapitulation of Trophoblast Invasion During Pregnancy in a Physiological Hypoxia Induced Microfluidic Device
Authors: Woo Jin Hyuk , Lee Insu , Kim Sun Min , Jeon Tae-Joon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Trophoblast invasion and remodeling of uterine spiral artery is closely related to the healthy pregnancy and normal development of fetus. However, if the trophoblast invasion is inhibited and the spiral artery remodeling process is not sufficiently done, this promotes grave pregnancy diseases such as pre-eclampsia.
In this research we focused on one of the major factors that affect trophoblast invasion, oxygen concentration. We designed a microfluidic device fabricated with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) which can mimic the microenvironment of the placenta and control physiological oxygen concentration. Human umbilical vessel cells (HUVEC) and trophoblasts (HTR-8) were cultured inside the microfluidic device to recapitulate the placental microenvironment. HUVECs and trophoblasts were co-cultured under normoxic and hypoxic condition to recapitulated trophoblast invasion. We anticipate this device to be utilized as a research model for improve our understandings on mechanisms of trophoblast invasion and a possible platform for developing treatment methods and medicines for pregnancy disorders.
Phenomenological Prediction of Convective Heat and Mass Transfer to Taylor Bubbles Rising in Vertical Pipes
Authors: Kendoush Abdullah Abbas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Phenomenological equations derived for the convective heat and mass transfer to Taylor bubbles (TB) rising in vertical cylindrical pipes. Three models presented; first for the bubble thin liquid layer region, second for the rounded nose region, and third for the wake region. The solution is confined to flat-ended Taylor bubbles under laminar flow and constant heat flux conditions. The results compared reasonably well with the experimental data of other investigators.