bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extramedullary Myeloma of the Uterus on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Causa Andrieu Pamela Ines , Das Jeeban Paul , Woo Sungmin , Ryan Reddy , Akin Oguz , Ulaner Gary A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Involvement of the uterus by myeloma is an extremely rare manifestation of extramedullary multiple myeloma (MM), denoting a poor prognosis. Extramedullary MM occurs in 7% to 18% of newly diagnosed patients with MM, and 6% to 20% of patients can develop it later. We present a case of extramedullary MM of the uterus suspected on 18F-FDG PET/CT as a site of disease recurrence in a 47-year-old woman previously in remission. Further evaluation with pelvic MRI identified an infiltrative process involving the uterus, and subsequent tissue sampling confirmed malignant plasma cell infiltration of the uterus. This case highlights a rare site of myeloma recurrence, which can be detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Sequential Duo–Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy With Indigenous 90Y-DOTATATE and 177Lu-DOTATATE in Large-Volume Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Parghane Rahul V. , Mitra Arpit , Upadhye Trupti , Rakshit Sutapa , Banerjee Sharmila , Basu Sandip 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The efficacy of 177Lu-DOTATATE in large neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is reduced because of the lower energy (Eβmax 0.497 MeV) and shorter range of 177Lu. The pure β-emitter 90Y with its longer β range is more effective in larger tumors. This should be balanced with the greater risk of 90Y-DOTATATE–related nephrotoxicity. Sequential duo–peptide receptor radionuclide therapy may result in a better response with minimal adverse effects in large-volume heterogeneous NETs. A 56-year-old man with large rectal NET liver metastases, treated with 90Y-DOTATATE and 177Lu-DOTATATE and sequential duo–peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, presented with post-90Y-DOTATATE bremsstrahlung and PET/CT in comparison with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and 177Lu-DOTATATE scans.
Pearls and Pitfalls of Quantitative Software Analysis of Dopamine Transporter SPECT
Authors: Mushtaq Raza , Kay Matthew D. , Steinmeyer Laura , Warhadpande Devdutta , Kuo Phillip H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Dopamine transporter SPECT with 123I-N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (123I-ioflupane) aids in the diagnosis of parkinsonian syndrome by demonstrating loss of striatal dopamine transporters, proportional to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal loss. Quantitative software analysis (QSA) is a helpful adjunct to visual interpretation. An atlas of pearls and pitfalls of QSA is presented. Examples include correction for head tilt/orientation, scaling artifacts, and detection of balanced loss of activity. Additional examples are provided where QSA can potentially fail such as patient variation and vascular disease.
Incidental Finding of an Ovarian Carcinoid on 11C-Methionine PET/CT
Authors: Maccora Daria , Caldarella Carmelo , Leombroni Martina , De Stefano Valerio , Leccisotti Lucia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 68-year-old woman with a history of multiple myeloma on regular hematological follow-up and with no previous relevant gynecological diseases was found to have an incidental focal uptake by the right ovary at 11C-methionine PET/CT (C-MET). Transvaginal ultrasound was then performed showing a 2-cm solid right ovarian mass with irregular borders and moderate vascularization at color Doppler examination. Therefore, the patient underwent bilateral salpingectomy, and the final histological results revealed a rare presentation of mature teratoma with insular carcinoid tumor arising from the right ovary.
Gallbladder Visualization in Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy With 177Lu-DOTATATE
Authors: Diekmann Johanna , Werner Rudolf A. , Ross Tobias L. , Derlin Thorsten 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gallbladder visualization represents a rare incidental finding when using somatostatin receptor–targeted SPECT radiopharmaceuticals such as 111In-octreotide. We present the case of a 30-year-old man with pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma who underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT for restaging of metastatic disease and subsequent treatment with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE. Posttherapeutic SPECT/CT, but not pretherapeutic or posttherapeutic PET/CT, showed gallbladder visualization, evidencing 177Lu-DOTATATE excretion into the bile. This case highlights that biliary 177Lu-DOTATATE excretion may represent a rare mimicker of hepatic metastases and emphasizes the role SPECT/CT for precise anatomical correlation to avoid misinterpretation.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Thymus Presenting as Constrictive Pericarditis Diagnosed With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kousik Vankadari , Milap Milap , Bollam Rajesh , Prasad Rama Krishna , Krishna Gopi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Constrictive pericarditis refers to focal or global thickening of pericardium causing impedance to diastolic filling and increased systemic venous pressure. We discuss a case of thymic carcinoma presenting as constrictive pericarditis. A 70-year-old man experiencing shortness of breath underwent Doppler echocardiography for further evaluation. Echocardiography was suggestive of thickened nodular pericardium with minimal pericardial effusion, and Doppler features were suggestive of constrictive pericarditis. 18F-FDG PET/CT done to exclude malignancy reveals locally advanced thymic carcinoma spreading along the pericardial sheath with metabolically active rib metastases.
Rosai-Dorfman Disease of the Right Atrium Revealed by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hou Guozhu , Pan Qingqing , Cui Ruixue , Li Fang , Cheng Wuying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rosai-Dorfman disease, or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is an uncommon histiocytic disorder, which is rare and typically occurs in lymph nodes. However, one third of the cases manifest as extranodal disease. The cardiac involvement of this disease is extremely rare. We reported here the FDG PET/CT findings of a pathologically confirmed Rosai-Dorfman disease occurring in the right atrium in a 60-year-old man.
68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-11–Avid Cardiac Metastases in a Patient With Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma, A Rare Presentation of a Rare Cancer
Authors: Uijen Maike José Maria , van Boxtel Wim , van Herpen Carla Marie Louise , Gotthardt Martin , Nagarajah James 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare cancer that arises from secretory glands. Metastases are mainly seen in the lungs and bones. Cardiac metastases are extremely rare; only 1 case has previously been described. In this patient, cardiac metastases were suspected based on CT imaging. Tumor imaging by 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 PET is mainly used in prostate cancer patients but is also of interest in adenoid cystic carcinoma patients because of high PSMA-ligand uptake in salivary glands. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET imaging supported the suspicion of cardiac metastases, because the cardiac lesions showed similar tracer uptake compared with other metastases.
Nivolumab-Induced Periaortitis Demonstrated by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hotta Masatoshi , Naka Go , Minamimoto Ryogo , Takeda Yuichiro , Hojo Masayuki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 66-year-old man with a history of non–small cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab underwent contrast-enhanced CT and FDG PET/CT. No recurrence was demonstrated; however, soft-tissue thickening that showed delayed contrast enhancement and FDG uptake was detected around an abdominal aortic aneurysm. After discontinuation of nivolumab, the periaortic lesion disappeared within 2 months, indicating nivolumab-induced periaortitis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab can cause vasculitis and periaortitis, a potentially fatal condition, as immune-related adverse events. The underlying aortic aneurysm may have contributed to genesis of periaortitis. FDG PET/CT can be useful for detecting periaortitis and excluding other forms of vasculitis.
Incidental Detection of Malignant Melanoma Brain Recurrence on 68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT
Authors: Hod Nir , Lantsberg Sophie , Benkovich Elya , Kazap Dina Ezroh , Preiskel Mark , Levin Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 76-year-old man with a prior medical history of resected malignant melanoma of the skull underwent 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT due to rising tumor markers of a known prostate carcinoma. Unexpected high 68Ga-PSMA brain uptake was encountered around the surgical cavity in the skull with initially no specific structural changes on anatomical imaging. Successive CT and MRI eventually revealed local melanoma brain recurrence at this site. This interesting case demonstrates the diagnostic potential of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging for detection of malignant melanoma brain recurrence.
One-by-One Comparison of Lymph Nodes Between 18F-FDG Uptake and Pathological Diagnosis in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Yoshimura Shuntaro , Takahashi Miwako , Aikou Susumu , Okumura Yasuhiro , Jinbo Keiichi , Onoyama Haruna , Urabe Masayuki , Kawasaki Koichiro , Yagi Koichi , Nishida Masato , Mori Kazuhiko , Yamashita Hiroharu , Nomura Sachiyo , Koyama Keitaro , Momose Toshimitsu , Abe Hiroyuki , Ushiku Tetsuo , Fukayama Masashi , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Esophagectomy with extended lymph node (LN) dissection is a standard treatment for resectable esophageal cancer to prevent recurrence, but severe, potentially life-threatening postoperative complications are still important issues. Accurate diagnosis of LN metastases would enable the decision to dissect or leave the LNs in regions with high risk of complications. Advancements in intraoperative gamma probe and radioactivity detectors have made intraoperative navigation surgery possible using a radiotracer as a marker. 18F-FDG is one such candidate markers, and the diagnostic power of FDG through counting the radioactivity close to each LN should be elucidated.

Materials and Methods
In 20 patients, 1073 LNs including 38 metastatic LNs were prospectively investigated. Preoperative FDG PET was performed on the same day before esophagectomy and visually surveyed in each LN station to identify abnormal uptake. The FDG radioactivity of each individual dissected LN was measured by a well-type counter, and the pathological diagnosis was compared with LN radioactivity on a one-by-one basis and with the preoperative FDG PET findings for each LN station.

Results
Lymph node station-based analysis showed a sensitivity and specificity of 28.6% and 96.7%, respectively. One-by-one LN-based analysis using a cutoff value obtained from the receiver operating characteristic curve showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94.7% and 78.7%, respectively, demonstrating higher accuracy compared with the use of LN weight or the shortest diameter.

Conclusions
The FDG uptake by each LN is a potentially useful marker for navigation surgery in esophageal cancer and has higher accuracy than LN weight or diameter.
Giant Cell Tumor With Atypical Imaging Implying Osteosarcoma
Authors: Ariga Akane , Kanda Hiroaki , Ando Yoshiaki , Gokita Tabu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is benign and typically shows osteolytic changes on x-ray, whereas osteosarcoma is malignant and generally shows osteolytic and osteoblastic mixed images. We experienced a rare case of GCT with atypical radiological findings. The tumor found in the right knee of a 15-year-old girl comprised a wide range of osteoblastic and osteolytic lesion in medial femur. Technetium uptake, however, was detected only in osteoblastic part, and immunohistochemical staining of biopsy showed diffusely positive for antihistone G34W and almost negative for Ki-67. These results strongly suggest the tumor was GCT.
Diffuse Increased 68Ga-DOTATATE But Unimpressive 18F-FDG Osseous Activity in a Patient With Rapid-Progressing Synchronous Multifocal Osteosarcoma
Authors: Qin Chunxia , Shao Fuqiang , Lan Xiaoli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Osteosarcoma is usually 18F-FDG–avid. Here we report a case of an 18-year-old young man with widespread osteoblastic and slight osteolytic changes, which had diffusely increased 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake in the osseous lesions, whereas the 18F-FDG PET/CT was unrevealing. The final diagnosis is synchronous multifocal osteosarcoma based on the pathological, clinical, and imaging features.
Pancreatic Schwannoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wang Xuezhu , Lv Jingqiao , Fu Chao , Chang Xiaoyan , Huo Li 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 55-year-old woman underwent FDG PET/CT to evaluate a pancreatic mass. The images showed elevated FDG activity in the uncinated process of the pancreas, suggestive of malignancy. However, pathological examination from the resected lesion demonstrated pancreatic schwannoma.
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Assessment of Leptomeningeal Metastases in a Patient With Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hao Bing , Wu Jingxun , Pang Yizhen , Sun Long , Chen Haojun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We presented a case of 64-year-old woman with pathologically diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma. Brain metastases were highly suspected due to the appearance of neurological symptoms. However, no abnormal finding in the brain was observed on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed the presence of leptomeningeal metastases but with a negative cerebrospinal fluid analysis. For this reason, the patient underwent 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT, later fused with MRI scans that showed intense uptake of 68Ga-FAPI in leptomeningeal regions correspondent to the sites of gadolinium enhancement. This case highlights that 68Ga-FAPI would be promising for the identification of leptomeningeal involvement in patients with malignant disease.
3P’s of Wermer/MEN1 Syndrome on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT Scan
Authors: Tripathy Sarthak , Prakash Sneha , Arun Raj Sreedharan Thankarajan , Kumar Arunav , Shamim Shamim Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Wermer/MEN1 syndrome is composed of the triad of pancreatic, pituitary, and parathyroid (3P’s) tumors. We describe the 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT findings of a 43-year-old man, which revealed the classic 3P’s of MEN1 syndrome with somatostatin receptor expression. The patient further underwent surgery for parathyroid lesions, which were suggestive of adenomas.
Abdominal Metastases of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Via Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yang Qiao , Zhu Wenjia , Huo Li 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Extraneural metastases of primary brain tumors are rare. Here, we provided a case of a 19-year-old man presenting with 2 intra-abdominal masses, who had a history of intracranial germ cell tumors and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt implanted in order to alleviate obstructive hydrocephalus. The intra-abdominal lesions showed intense FDG uptake and were confirmed to be germ cell tumors by postoperative histopathology. 18F-FDG PET scan could be useful in monitoring metastases of intracranial germ cell tumors via ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Images of COVID-19 Infection Cases in Asymptomatic or Paucisymptomatic Patients With Neoplastic Diseases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Grellier Jean-François , Lussato David , Guernou Mohamed , Queneau Mathieu , Bonardel Gérald 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We describe the results of 18F-FDG PET/CT of 3 patients referred to our institution during the single day of Monday, March 23, 2020, for an initial assessment of cancer extension or for the therapeutic evaluation of chemotherapy of neoplastic pathology, with no obvious infectious or respiratory symptoms at the time of examination. A retrospective review of the recent clinical history of patients in association with the typical pulmonary images on CT scan suggested the diagnosis of COVID-19. The characteristic aspects of COVID-19 infection should be recognized on 18F-FDG PET/CT, even if patients are asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic.
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXXXI
Authors: Harolds Jay A. , Miller Laura B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
When the “Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments” set forth by the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses are met in a health care system, there is enhanced safety and quality care for the patient, better job satisfaction, and less turnover by the staff. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses started the Beacon Award for Excellence not only to recognize those who have such high standards but also to encourage units who already have achieved this distinction or are applying for it to do better.
FDG PET/CT of Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Gallbladder
Authors: Ji Xia , Dong Hui , Dong Aisheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder is rare. A 67-year-old woman presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain with elevated α-fetoprotein level. Abdominal ultrasound and MRI showed a tumor in the gallbladder with normal liver. FDG PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake of the gallbladder tumor with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis. Cholecystectomy was performed. Primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder was confirmed by histopathology.
Clinical Evaluation of 18F-PI-2620 as a Potent PET Radiotracer Imaging Tau Protein in Alzheimer Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases Compared With 18F-THK-5351
Authors: Oh Minyoung , Oh Seung Jun , Lee Sang Ju , Oh Jungsu S. , Roh Jee Hoon , Chung Sun Ju , Lee Jae-Hong , Lee Chong Sik , Kim Jae Seung 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
PET is a useful tool for detecting the presence and extent of brain tau accumulation. However, most first-generation tau PET tracers are limited for high off-target binding and detection of tau in non-Alzheimer disease (AD). This study evaluated potential clinical applications of 18F-PI-2620 as a novel PET tracer with a high binding affinity for tau deposition in AD and non-AD tauopathies.

Methods
Twenty-six participants diagnosed with either mild cognitive impairment, probable AD, frontotemporal dementia, or parkinsonism, as well as healthy controls underwent a 60- to 90-minute brain PET scan after 7 mci (259 MBq) injection of 18F-PI-2620. Some participants had previous PET scans using 18F-THK-5351 or 18F-FP-CIT for dopamine transporter imaging.

Results
All participants showed no increase in off-target binding in basal ganglia on 18F-PI-2620 PET images, as noted for first-generation tau tracers. Aβ+ mild cognitive impairment or AD patients showed diverse cortical 18F-PI-2620 uptake in frontotemporoparietal cortex that correlated with Mini-Mental Status Examination (ρ = −0.692, P = 0.013). Aβ+ Parkinson disease with dementia and (Aβ unknown) primary progressive aphasia patients also showed increased 18F-PI-2620 uptakes in the frontotemporoparietal cortex. Patients with parkinsonism showed increased uptakes in the pallidum compared with Aβ− healthy controls (left: 1.41 ± 0.14 vs 1.04 ± 0.13, P = 0.014; right: 1.18 ± 0.16 vs 0.95 ± 0.07, P = 0.014).

Conclusions

18F-PI-2620 PET might be a sensitive tool to detect cortical tau deposits in patients with Aβ+ AD and Aβ+ non-AD tauopathies. Furthermore, this study showed that “off-target” binding in the basal ganglia does not affect 18F-PI-2620.
Extensive Tumor Thrombosis of Portal Venous System Demonstrated on 68Ga-DOTATATE and 68Ga-NODAGA-LM3 PET/CT in a Patient With Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Zhu Wenjia , Cheng Yuejuan , Ding Ning , Huo Li 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a case with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and extensive tumor thrombosis in portal venous system. The tumor was first identified on contrast-enhanced CT and later confirmed using 68Ga-DOTATATE and 68Ga-NODAGA-LM3 PET/CT. Both tracers demonstrated similar pattern with higher tumor affinity and tumor-to-background ratio using 68Ga-NODAGA-LM3.
68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG in Castleman Disease
Authors: Verçosa Alinne Fernanda Amaral , Flamini Maria Eduarda Duarte de Mello , Loureiro Luiz Victor Maia , Flamini Rodrigo de Carvalho 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 35-year-old woman with rectal neuroendocrine tumor, Ki-67 proliferation index less than 2%, and a mediastinal mass on CT postoperatively was referred for restaging with PET/CT 68Ga-DOTATATE. The examination showed uptake on the pelvic lymph node and mediastinal mass. Because of differences in lesions’ SUVs and clinical presentation, the hypothesis of lymphoma for the mediastinal mass was raised, and 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed, which showed glycolytic hypermetabolism in the mediastinal mass and absence of hypermetabolism in pelvic lymph nodes. Transthoracic biopsy of the mass revealed atypical large-cell lymphoid proliferation, and immunohistochemistry study was compatible with Castleman disease.
111In-Oxine-WBC SPECT/CT of Lumbosacral Facet Joint Septic Arthritis
Authors: Zamora Edgar , Valdivia Ana Y. , Kumar Arun , Chun Kwang J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Spinal facet joint septic arthritis is a rare pathology associated with pyogenic organisms. It may present in older adults with back pain, fever, and positive bacterial blood cultures. However, clinical presentation may be equivocal, and diagnosis relies on anatomic imaging for differentiation from other pathologies. Magnetic resonance is considered the imaging modality of choice and has been found superior to CT; however, it is unable to differentiate facet joint septic arthritis from other inflammatory arthropathies. We present a case of lumbosacral facet joint septic arthritis as seen on 111In-oxine-WBC scintigraphy and SPECT/CT.
The Use of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumor Cardiac Metastases
Authors: Yu Irene S. , Funk Gayle , Lin Eugene , Kennecke Hagen F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cardiac metastases are an infrequent site of metastasis in neuroendocrine tumors, and the treatment implications in the era of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) are unclear. Potential safety concerns exist regarding cardiac integrity and function in response to PRRT. We describe our institutional experience with 4 patients with well-differentiated, midgut neuroendocrine tumors with cardiac involvement detected on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scans who were treated with PRRT.
Complete Right-to-Left Shunt in Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy
Authors: Gühne Falk , Drescher Robert , Ndum Ferdinand , Seifert Philipp , Freesmeyer Martin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lung scintigraphy was performed to rule out pulmonary embolism in a 37-year-old woman suffering from dyspnea and hypoxemia after routine diagnostics failed to find the underlying disease. Perfusion scans did not show tracer uptake within the lungs despite ventilation scans being unremarkable. Instead, the result suggested a complete right-to-left shunt, which was a conundrum. With the assistance of CT an uncommon congenital vessel aberration turned out to be the cause of this exceptional scintigraphy finding, as well as the yet unexplained hypoxemia.
FDG PET/CT Findings of Extrarenal Wilms Tumor Originating From the Spinal Cord
Authors: Filizoglu Nuh , Oksuzoglu Kevser , Bozkurt Suheyla , Ozguven Salih , Erdil Tanju Yusuf 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Extrarenal Wilms tumor (ERWT) is an extremely rare neoplasm of childhood. It occurs predominantly in retroperitoneum and pelvic or inguinal region without involvement of the kidneys. Although the importance of FDG PET/CT in Wilms tumor is well known, its use in ERWT is limited. Herein, we present FDG PET/CT findings of a 3-year-old girl with a lumbar mass, which was later diagnosed with ERWT.