bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Math anxiety and math achievement: The effects of emotional and math strategy training
Authors: Passolunghi Maria Chiara , De Vita Chiara , Pellizzoni Sandra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMath anxiety (MA) is a specific feeling of tension generated by the manipulation of numerical stimuli in daily life and academic situations (Richardson & Suinn, 1972). This condition has significant repercussions on the individual's life at personal, social, and economic level. Literature on the topic of MA alleviation, however, is still scarce. This study aims at contributing to this field by addressing MA prevention in school‐age children. We have developed two different training methods administered to two groups of fourth graders: (a) MA training focusing on identifying and copying with MA‐related feelings (N = 76); and (b) Math strategy training focusing on supplementary exercises to enhance calculation strategies (N = 76). We also carried out a Control training involving a range of activities, such as reading comic strips, describing characters in the story, and combining text and images to obtain an original narrative text (N = 72). We evaluated the differential effects of these training methods on MA, general anxiety, and math achievement before and after the training. Results indicate that MA training contributes to a decrease in MA level, although it does not appear to affect math achievement; Math strategy training, on the other hand, results in far transfer on a reduction of MA level as well as near transfer on the improvement of math achievement. Data are discussed in terms of specific mechanisms underlying each type of training method, and with specific focus on the evaluation of educational and developmental opportunities linked to MA prevention and improvement of math abilities in school‐age children.
The ‘brick diet’ and postprandial insulin: a practical method to balance carbohydrates ingested and prandial insulin to prevent hypoglycaemia in hospitalized persons with diabetes
Authors: Avanzini F. , Marelli G. , Amodeo R. , Chiappa L. , Colombo E. L. , Di Rocco E. , Grioni M. , Moro C. , Roncaglioni M. C. , Saltafossi D. , Vandoni P. , Vannini T. , Vilei V. , Riva E. ,   the Desio Diabetes Diagram (DDD) Study Group
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimInsulin is the preferred treatment for the control of diabetes in hospital, but it raises the risk of hypoglycaemia, often because oral intake of carbohydrates in hospitalized persons is lower than planned. Our aim was to assess the effect on the incidence of hypoglycaemia of giving prandial insulin immediately after a meal depending on the amount of carbohydrate ingested.MethodsA prospective pre–post intervention study in hospitalized persons with diabetes eating meals with stable doses of carbohydrates present in a few fixed foods. Foods were easily identifiable on the tray and contained fixed doses of carbohydrates that were easily quantifiable by nurses as multiples of 10 g (a ‘brick’). Prandial insulin was given immediately after meals in proportion to the amount of carbohydrates eaten.ResultsIn 83 of the first 100 people treated with the ‘brick diet’, the oral carbohydrate intake was lower than planned on at least one occasion (median: 3 times; Q1–Q3: 2–6 times) over a median of 5 days. Compared with the last 100 people treated with standard procedures, postprandial insulin given on the basis of ingested carbohydrate significantly reduced the incidence of hypoglycaemic events per day, from 0.11 ± 0.03 to 0.04 ± 0.02 (P < 0.001) with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.54–0.92; P = 0.011).ConclusionsIn hospitalized persons with diabetes treated with subcutaneous insulin, the ‘brick diet’ offers a practical method to count the amount of carbohydrates ingested, which is often less than planned. Prandial insulin given immediately after a meal, in doses balanced with actual carbohydrate intake reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia.
Understanding dental students’ use of feedback
Authors: Freeman Zoe , Cairns Alison , Binnie Viv , McAndrew Robery , Ellis Janice 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionFeedback can enhance learning and is thought to be highly valued by students; however, it is not clear from the literature how dental students actually use feedback.AimThis study aimed to explore how dental students use feedback in a variety of contexts.MethodsQualitative methods involving audio‐recorded focus groups were used to explore the use of feedback by undergraduate dental students studying at three UK dental schools. A purposive sampling strategy was used to ensure diverse representation across the undergraduate dental programmes in each of the schools.ResultsSix focus groups, involving a total of 72 students, were undertaken. Thematic analysis identified five main themes relating to the use of feedback: value, future applicability, accessibility, variability and understanding. The inter‐connectivity and interaction of the themes (along with their subthemes) were used to develop a model for optimising feedback with the aim of enhancing its potential use by students.ConclusionThe use of feedback by students would appear to be strongly influenced by several factors. Understanding these factors and how they interlink may be helpful to education providers who are seeking to optimise their feedback processes.
c‐MYC expression and maturity phenotypes are associated with outcome benefit from addition of ixazomib to lenalidomide‐dexamethasone in myeloma
Authors: Di Bacco Alessandra , Bahlis Nizar J. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Avet‐Loiseau Hervé , Masszi Tamás , Viterbo Luísa , Pour Ludek , Ganly Peter , Cavo Michele , Langer Christian , Kumar Shaji K. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Keats Jonathan J. , Berg Deborah , Lin Jianchang , Li Bin , Badola Sunita , Shen Lei , Zhang Jacob , Esseltine Dixie‐Lee , Luptakova Katarina , van de Velde Helgi , Richardson Paul G. , Moreau Philippe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn the TOURMALINE‐MM1 phase 3 trial in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, ixazomib‐lenalidomide‐dexamethasone (IRd) showed different magnitudes of progression‐free survival (PFS) benefit vs placebo‐Rd according to number and type of prior therapies, with greater benefit seen in patients with >1 prior line of therapy or 1 prior line of therapy without stem cell transplantation (SCT).MethodsRNA sequencing data were used to investigate the basis of these differences.ResultsThe PFS benefit of IRd vs placebo‐Rd was greater in patients with tumors expressing high c‐MYC levels (median not reached vs 11.3 months; hazard ratio [HR] 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26, 0.66; P < .001) compared with in those expressing low c‐MYC levels (median 20.6 vs 16.6 months; HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.42, 1.2). Expression of c‐MYC in tumors varied based on the number and type of prior therapy received, with the lowest levels observed in tumors of patients who had received 1 prior line of therapy including SCT. These tumors also had higher expression levels of CD19 and CD81.ConclusionsPFS analyses suggest that lenalidomide and ixazomib target tumors with different levels of c‐MYC, CD19, and CD81 expression, thus providing a potential rationale for the differential benefits observed in the TOURMALINE‐MM1 study. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as: NCT01564537
MEC (mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine) induces complete remission and is an effective bridge to transplant in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Marconi Giovanni , Talami Annalisa , Abbenante Maria Chiara , Sartor Chiara , Parisi Sarah , Nanni Jacopo , Bertamini Luca , Ragaini Simone , Olivi Matteo , de Polo Stefano , Cristiano Gianluca , Fontana Maria Chiara , Bochicchio Maria Teresa , Ottaviani Emanuela , Arpinati Mario , Sessa Mariarosaria , Baldazzi Carmen , Caso Lucia , Testoni Nicoletta , Baccarani Michele , Bonifazi Francesca , Martinelli Giovanni , Paolini Stefania , Cavo Michele , Papayannidis Cristina , Curti Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionClinical response and chemosensitivity of relapse or refractory AML patients were evaluated after rescue and bridge‐to‐transplant MEC (mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine) regimen.Methods and PatientsFifty‐five consecutive AML patients were treated with MEC from 2009 to 2018. Chemosensitivity was evaluated by WT1 quantification.Results27/55 patients (49.1%) had AML resistant to induction and 28/55 patients (50.9%) had AML relapse. 25/55 patients (45.5%) achieved a CR after one course of MEC, and 12 patients (21.8%) achieved WT1 negativity. In 12 patients, a second MEC was administered. Four out of 12 patients improved significantly their response with the 2nd MEC. MEC was an effective bridge to transplant, 32/55 patients (58.2%) received an allogenic stem cell transplant. Median overall survival (OS) from MEC was 455 days (95% CI 307‐602 days.); patient with WT1 negative CR had the best OS (P<.000).ConclusionWT1 is a useful marker of chemosensitivity after MEC as rescue and bridge‐to‐transplant therapy.
The multi‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor ponatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia: Real‐world data
Authors: Luciano Luigia , Annunziata Mario , Attolico Immacolata , Di Raimondo Francesco , Maggi Alessandro , Malato Alessandra , Martino Bruno , Palmieri Fausto , Pane Fabrizio , Sgherza Nicola , Specchia Giorgina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDevelopment of the highly selective targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has expanded the therapeutic options for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Patients undergoing TKI therapy should be closely monitored to ensure that the best therapeutic response and quality of life are achieved, and to control suboptimal responses and adverse events. Despite the high rate of response using current first‐line TKIs, treatment failure may still occur, and resistance is considered a challenge in the treatment of patients with CML. The third‐generation TKI, ponatinib, is a potent orally bioavailable pan BCR‐ABL inhibitor that inhibits both wild‐type and mutant BCR‐ABL1 kinase, including the “gatekeeper” T315I mutation, which is resistant to all other currently available TKIs. This paper reviews the effectiveness, feasibility, and safety of ponatinib in the real‐life clinical management of CML. Potential prognostic factors in identifying patients most likely to benefit from ponatinib treatment will be discussed, and case presentations illustrating situations encountered in real‐life clinical practice are described. Ponatinib is effective in patients who have received prior TKIs in clinical studies as well as under real‐life conditions. Nevertheless, the risk/benefit balance must be evaluated for each patient, particularly considering disease state, mutational status, treatment line, intolerance/resistance to prior TKIs, age, frailty, and specific comorbidities.
Population‐level multiplexing: A promising strategy to manage the evolution of resistance against gene drives targeting a neutral locus
Authors: Edgington Matthew P. , Harvey‐Samuel Tim , Alphey Luke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCRISPR‐based gene drives bias inheritance in their favour by inducing double‐stranded breaks (DSBs) at wild‐type homologous loci and using the drive transgene as a repair template—converting drive heterozygotes into homozygotes. Recent studies have shown that alternate end‐joining repair mechanisms produce cut‐resistant alleles that rapidly induce drive failure. Multiplexing—simultaneously targeting multiple sites at the wild‐type locus—is commonly assumed to overcome this issue since resistance would need to develop at all target sites for the system to fail. This may work for some population suppression drives targeting essential (e.g. viability or fertility) genes if careful design can ensure cut‐resistant alleles themselves have low fitness. However, here, models are used to demonstrate that this approach will be ineffective when targeting neutral loci. We then go on to compare the performance of four alternative population‐level multiplexing approaches with standard individual‐level multiplexing. Two of these approaches have mechanisms preventing them from becoming linked, thus avoiding multiple simultaneous DSBs and giving a large improvement. Releasing multiple unlinked drives gives a modest improvement, while releasing multiple drives that may become linked over time produces a decrease in performance under the conditions tested here. Based on performance and technical feasibility, we then take one approach forward for further investigation, demonstrating its robustness to different performance parameters and its potential for controlling very large target populations.
A long‐term study of equine cheek teeth post‐extraction complications: 428 cheek teeth (2004‐2018)
Authors: Kennedy Rebekah , Reardon Richard J. M. , James Oliver , Wilson Cherith , Dixon Padraic M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundComplications, especially delayed alveolar healing, are common following equine cheek teeth extraction, however, limited objective information is available on the prevalence and nature of these problems.ObjectivesTo document the type and prevalence of complications that occur following equine cheek tooth extraction and to identify possible risk factors for these complications that could be used to predict their occurrence and hopefully reduce their prevalence.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsClinical records of all cheek teeth extractions performed between February 2004 and September 2018 were examined and written questionnaires sent to owners. Details of post‐extraction complications were analysed and logistic regression was used to evaluate potential associations between the likelihood of post‐extraction nonhealing alveolus managed by the authors and the variables: age, breed, reason for extraction, Triadan position and extraction technique.ResultsPost‐extraction complications were recorded following 58/428 extractions giving an overall complication rate of 13.6%, that caused a longer term clinical problem in 34/428 (7.9%) cases, with complications being asymptomatic or quickly self‐resolving in the other 24 cases (5.6%). The most frequent complication was alveolar bone sequestration, including alveolar infection. Risk of developing a post‐extraction alveolar disorder managed by the authors (n = 53) increased following extraction of the mandibular 06s, 07s or 08s compared with all other cheek teeth combined (P = .001); for cheek teeth with apical infections (P = .002) compared with those without; and following repulsion or minimally invasive transbuccal extraction (MTE) than following oral extraction (P = .01 and P = .02 respectively).Main limitationsLength of time between exodontia and survey data collection for some cases, use of clinical records and survey data and biases associated with decision to treat.ConclusionsIn agreement with previous studies, oral extraction had the lowest risk of complications. This study provides new information regarding the prevalence, types and risk of development of post extraction complications. Knowledge of these risk factors may help reduce these complications.
Development of the blood supply to the growth cartilage of the medial femoral condyle of foals
Authors: Wormstrand Bjørn H. , Fjordbakk Cathrine T. , Griffiths David J. , Lykkjen Sigrid , Olstad Kristin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundGrowth cartilage is found in the articular‐epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) and the physis. It has a temporary blood supply organised as end arteries. Vascular failure is associated with osteochondrosis, but infection can also obstruct vessels. The location of bacteria was recently compared to arterial perfusion, and the results indicated that they were located in the distal tips of AECC end arteries. Systematic perfusion studies were not available for comparison to the infected physes. Further studies may improve our understanding of infections and other pathologies.ObjectivesTo describe development of the blood supply to the growth cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in fetuses and foals from 228 days of gestation to 62 days old.Study designEx vivo arterial perfusion study.MethodsThe left medial femoral condyle of 10 Norwegian Fjord Pony fetuses and foals (228 days of gestation to 62 days old) and one Norwegian‐Swedish Coldblooded Trotter foal (10 days old) was arterially perfused with barium and underwent micro‐computed tomography, qualitative and quantitative description of vessels.ResultsIn the fetus, the physis was supplied by metaphyseal‐origin arteries. In 1‐10 day‐old foals, the physis was supplied by a mixture of metaphyseal‐ and epiphyseal‐origin arteries, and from 15 days of age by epiphyseal‐origin arteries only. The number of vessels increased before it decreased in both the AECC and the physis postnatally. Vessels in the cartilage showed a monopodial branching pattern, whereas vessels in epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone showed both monopodial and dichotomous branching.Main limitationsFoals with confirmed pathologies were not examined.ConclusionsThe blood supply to growth cartilage changed with age, including the physeal supply that changed from metaphyseal‐ to epiphyseal‐origin arteries. The number of vessels increased before it decreased postnatally, and two different branching patterns were observed. These results may improve our understanding of growth cartilage vascular failure and osteomyelitis.
Fibroblast‐specific genome‐scale modelling predicts an imbalance in amino acid metabolism in Refsum disease
Authors: Wegrzyn Agnieszka B. , Herzog Katharina , Gerding Albert , Kwiatkowski Marcel , Wolters Justina C. , Dolga Amalia M. , van Lint Alida E. M. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Waterham Hans R. , Bakker Barbara M. 
Published: March 2020

Refsum disease (RD) is an inborn error of metabolism that is characterised by a defect in peroxisomal α‐oxidation of the branched‐chain fatty acid phytanic acid. The disorder presents with late‐onset progressive retinitis pigmentosa and polyneuropathy and can be diagnosed biochemically by elevated levels of phytanate in plasma and tissues of patients. To date, no cure exists for RD, but phytanate levels in patients can be reduced by plasmapheresis and a strict diet. In this study, we reconstructed a fibroblast‐specific genome‐scale model based on the recently published, FAD‐curated model, based on Recon3D reconstruction. We used transcriptomics (available via GEO database with identifier GSE138379), metabolomics and proteomics (available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015518) data, which we obtained from healthy controls and RD patient fibroblasts incubated with phytol, a precursor of phytanic acid. Our model correctly represents the metabolism of phytanate and displays fibroblast‐specific metabolic functions. Using this model, we investigated the metabolic phenotype of RD at the genome scale, and we studied the effect of phytanate on cell metabolism. We identified 53 metabolites that were predicted to discriminate between healthy and RD patients, several of which with a link to amino acid metabolism. Ultimately, these insights in metabolic changes may provide leads for pathophysiology and therapy.DatabasesTranscriptomics data are available via GEO database with identifier GSE138379, and proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015518.
The microstructure, mechanical, and fatigue behaviours of MAG welded G20Mn5 cast steel
Authors: Wu S.C. , Qin Q.B. , Hu Y.N. , Branco R. , Li C.H. , Williams C.J. , Zhang W.H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe microstructure, mechanical strength, and fatigue response of metal active gas (MAG) butt‐welded G20Mn5 cast steel was thoroughly investigated for exploring the service safety and reliability of new‐generation railway bogie frames. The fatigue properties of the matrix and welded joints were determined by both low‐ and high‐cycle service regimes. On the basis of nanoindentation testing, the fatigue crack growth (FCG) was derived by correlating with cyclic plastic response of microdomain materials across the MAG joint. The results show that the MAG induces considerable changes in microstructures and hardness of the G20Mn5 matrix and resultantly produces an overmatching welded joint but show comparatively low‐ and high‐cycle fatigue properties to as‐received material. The calculated threshold FCG range based on the Murakami model indicates that the maximum 1.5‐mm defect might be the cracking site subjected to fatigue loading from the structural integrity viewpoint.
Reforestation and surface cooling in temperate zones: Mechanisms and implications
Authors: Zhang Quan , Barnes Mallory , Benson Michael , Burakowski Elizabeth , Oishi A. Christopher , Ouimette Andrew , Sanders‐DeMott Rebecca , Stoy Paul C. , Wenzel Matt , Xiong Lihua , Yi Koong , Novick Kimberly A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLand‐use/cover change (LUCC) is an important driver of environmental change, occurring at the same time as, and often interacting with, global climate change. Reforestation and deforestation have been critical aspects of LUCC over the past two centuries and are widely studied for their potential to perturb the global carbon cycle. More recently, there has been keen interest in understanding the extent to which reforestation affects terrestrial energy cycling and thus surface temperature directly by altering surface physical properties (e.g., albedo and emissivity) and land–atmosphere energy exchange. The impacts of reforestation on land surface temperature and their mechanisms are relatively well understood in tropical and boreal climates, but the effects of reforestation on warming and/or cooling in temperate zones are less certain. This study is designed to elucidate the biophysical mechanisms that link land cover and surface temperature in temperate ecosystems. To achieve this goal, we used data from six paired eddy‐covariance towers over co‐located forests and grasslands in the temperate eastern United States, where radiation components, latent and sensible heat fluxes, and meteorological conditions were measured. The results show that, at the annual time scale, the surface of the forests is 1–2°C cooler than grasslands, indicating a substantial cooling effect of reforestation. The enhanced latent and sensible heat fluxes of forests have an average cooling effect of −2.5°C, which offsets the net warming effect (+1.5°C) of albedo warming (+2.3°C) and emissivity cooling effect (−0.8°C) associated with surface properties. Additional daytime cooling over forests is driven by local feedbacks to incoming radiation. We further show that the forest cooling effect is most pronounced when land surface temperature is higher, often exceeding −5°C. Our results contribute important observational evidence that reforestation in the temperate zone offers opportunities for local climate mitigation and adaptation.