bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled study to compare radiofrequency ablation with minimally invasive ultrasound-guided non-flush ligation and stripping of great saphenous vein in the treatment of varicose veins
Authors: Sandhya PA , Mohil RS , Sricharan R 
Published: June 2020

Introduction Flush ligation at the saphenofemoral junction and stripping of the great saphenous vein is being increasingly replaced by endovenous methods such as radiofrequency or endovenous laser ablation for the treatment of varicose veins. These modalities are expensive and not widely available. A minimally invasive ultrasound-guided surgery with non-flush ligation and stripping under local anaesthesia is a cost-effective alternative with similar postoperative outcomes. Materials and methods A total of 62 limbs (58 patients) with saphenofemoral junction incompetence underwent clinical evaluation including the CEAP clinical score, the venous clinical severity score, the venous disability score and venous doppler. Patients were randomly assigned to either group A (radiofrequency ablation) or group B (ultrasound-guided non-flush ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein) for procedures under tumescent anaesthesia and ultrasound guidance. Patients were followed-up on days 7, 30 and 90 to assess primary (obliteration rates) and secondary (venous clinical severity score and venous disability score) outcomes. Results Both the groups showed 100% obliteration of the great saphenous vein at day 90. The venous clinical severity and venous disability scores significantly improved from day 0 to day 90 in both groups (p = 0.0001). There were no major complications. Group A showed significantly lower minor complications (p = 0.001). None required conversation to general anaesthesia. Conclusions The ultrasound-guided non-flush ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein are as efficacious as radio frequency ablation, with similar obliteration rates, improvement in disability scores and complication profile at a lower cost. It has the potential for wider availability in the community as most surgeons are conversant with the surgical procedure.
Fabrication of an infrared wire-grid polarizer via anisotropical Si etching in KOH solution
Authors: Yamada Itsunari , Yoshida Rei 
Published: June 2020

An infrared wire-grid polarizer was fabricated using two-beam interference lithography, anisotropical etching of Si in KOH solution, and thermal evaporation of Al. Consequently, an infrared wire-grid polarizer with a 1-µm-pitch and 195-nm-thick Al grating could be fabricated on the Si grating. The transmittance of transverse magnetic polarization was greater than 48% at 10-µm wavelength, and the extinction ratio was over 22 dB at this wavelength. This polarizer can be fabricated at a much lower cost and using simpler fabrication processes compared to those for conventional infrared polarizers fabricated using dry etching.
Designing an incoherent optical detection sensor (LiDAR) utilizing a range-compensating lens
Authors: Mudge Jason 
Published: June 2020

There are many trades to be made when designing an optical system. In this work, an incoherent optical detection sensor (often referred to as an energy- or direct-detection sensor, or a time-of-flight LiDAR) is designed at the sensor or top level using newly developed tools [Appl. Opt. 59, 1939 (2020)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.384135]. While incoherent detection sensors, relative to coherent frequency or phase-modulated sensors, are not as useful in cluttered environments, they have their place due to their simplicity and high performance in uncluttered or lightly cluttered environments. In this particular design, a nontraditional receive lens is utilized that has the unique ability to adjust the amount of return signal placed on the detector based on target range, i.e., a range-compensating lens (RCL) [Appl. Opt. 58, 7921 (2019)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.58.007921]. Only a two-element RCL is utilized in this work, but it proves the ability to shape the return signal gauging the changes in the stochastic performance, paving the way to a multi-element RCL for additional design freedom in shaping.
High-power structured laser modes: direct generation of a vortex array
Authors: Chen Y. F. , Ke H. T. , Tseng Y. C. , Hsieh M. X. , Tung J. C. , Hsieh Y. H. , Liang H. C. , Huang K. F. 
Published: June 2020

The frequency degeneracy induced by the astigmatism in a nearly hemispherical cavity is originally exploited to generate vortex array laser modes with the output power up to 300 mW. The inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation is employed to derive the wave function for manifesting the characteristics of the lasing modes. The theoretical wave function explicitly reveals the role of the Gouy phase in the formation of vortex arrays. Numerical analyses are further performed to confirm that the thermal lensing effect in the laser crystal assists the lasing transverse order to increase with increasing pump power. It is believed that the high efficiency enables the present laser modes to be useful in the applications of structured vortex beams.
Concordância entre dados antropométricos reportados vs. medidos e relação com as práticas parentais alimentares em idade pré-escolar
Authors: Santos Ana Filipa , Fernandes Carla , Cardia Sara , Fernandes Marília , Bost Kelly K. , Veríssimo Manuela 
Published: June 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a concordância entre os dados antropométricos das crianças (peso, altura, respetivos IMC e z-score de IMC calculados) reportados pelos pais e medidos objetivamente pelos investigadores, bem como a sua relação com as práticas parentais alimentares. Participaram no estudo 71 famílias, com crianças entre os 2 e os 6 anos. Verificou-se uma discordância entre os dados reportados pelos pais e os dados medidos para 45,5% das crianças. Foram encontrados efeitos bidirecionais entre a prática restrição por controlo de peso e a altura e peso reportados, bem como entre a prática pressão e o peso, IMC e z-score de IMC reportados. Os resultados sugerem que perceções parentais incorretas sobre o estado ponderal da criança poderão levar a maiores níveis de práticas parentais alimentares negativas, com impacto no peso das crianças. Por outro lado, pais e filhos, influenciam-se mutuamente, pelo que os pais são reativos ao peso das crianças, mas também o influenciam.
Piceatannol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of bladder cancer cells through regulation of the PTEN/AKT signal pathway
Authors: Li Xun-gang , Zhang Wen-sheng , Yan Xiao-ping 
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of piceatannol (PIC) on the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cell line EJ, and the underlying mechanism. Bladder cancer cell line EJ was incubated with different concentrations of PIC, and CCK-8 method was used to determine the effect of the treatment on cell proliferation. The effect of PIC on cell cycle, apoptosis and the expressions of related signal pathway proteins were determined using Western blotting. Flow cytometry showed that PIC inhibited the proliferation of EJ cells in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. Moreover, EJ cells were significantly blocked in G0/G1 phase, when compared with the blank control group (p < 0.05). In addition, PIC enhanced apoptosis of EJ cells in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Results from western blotting showed that, compared with the control group, PIC upregulated the protein expression of PTEN, but downregulated Akt protein phosphorylation, relative to control cells. PIC significantly inhibits the proliferation of EJ cells and enhances their apoptosis through a mechanism related to the activation of PTEN/Akt signaling pathway.
Influence of in ovo and pre-starter zinc and copper supplementation on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of broiler chickens
Authors: AWACHAT Vaibhav Bhagwan , ELANGOVAN Arumbackam Vijayarangam , SOGUNLE Olajide Mark , DAVID Corbon Godfrey , GHOSH Jyotirmoy , GOWDA Shivakumar Nisarani Kollurappa , BHANJA Subrat Kumar , MAJUMDAR Samir 
Published: June 2020

This experiment was on 350 uniform sized Cobb broiler hatching eggs (60 g) to assess the response of trace mineral supplementation (Zinc and copper) on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development in broiler chicken. The fertile eggs were divided into groups with in ovo trace mineral solution containing zinc (80 µg) and copper (16 µg) and without in ovo administration. After hatching, the chicks were further divided into four groups: Group I served as control without in ovo and without post-hatch supplemented diet (WoINOVO-WoPHS), birds in Group II were without in ovo and with post-hatch supplemented diet (WoINOVO-WPHS) (100 % higher level of zinc 200 ppm, copper 30 ppm in diet), birds in Group III had in ovo (zinc, 80 µg; copper,16 µg) and without post-hatch supplemented diet (WINOVO-WoPHS) and birds in Group IV had in ovo and with post-hatch supplemented diet (WINOVO-WPHS). Data collected were subjected to completely randomized design. Hatchability, live weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio at 0–3 wk were not affected (p > 0.05) by in ovo administration of the mineral. Post-hatch supplementation of zinc and copper without in ovo supplementation showed better feed conversion ratio at 3–5 wk of age. It could be recommended that for improved post-hatch performance, broiler chickens diets could be supplemented with inorganic zinc and copper.
Movie Variety and the City
Authors: Kim In Kyung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, I study the effect of entry and ownership structure on product variety within a city. Using longitudinal data on theaters in Korea, I find that the positive effect of entry on city-wide movie variety is limited only to the first few entrants. This finding, together with the observation that movie variety in a theater does not respond to entry, suggests that a theater's incentive to soften price competition by screening less popular movies not otherwise available in the city decreases as more theaters enter. I also find evidence that movie variety is greater in more concentrated cities, implying that a chain that owns multiple theaters in a city may differentiate the movie lineup offered in each theater more than when the theaters are individually owned in order to avoid cannibalization or to preempt entry.
Long non-coding RNA TUG1 knockdown hinders the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma by regulating the microRNA-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yongtian , Zhao Dandan , Li Shumei , Xiao Meng , Zhou Hongjing , Yang Shuige , Hao Yunliang , Dong Shasha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a serious health issue in hematological malignancies. Long non-coding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been reported to be highly expressed in the plasma of MM patients. However, the functions of TUG1 in MM tumorigenesis along with related molecular basis are still undefined. In this study, increased TUG1 and decreased microRNA-34a-5p (miR-34a-5p) levels in MM tissues and cells were measured by the real-time quantitative polymerase reaction assay. The expression of relative proteins was determined by the Western blot assay. TUG1 knockdown suppressed cell viability, induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in MM cells, as shown by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA pull-down assay indicated that miR-34a-5p was a target of TUG1 and directly bound to notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1), and TUG1 regulated the NOTCH1 expression by targeting miR-34a-5p. The functions of miR-34a-5p were abrogated by TUG1 upregulation. Moreover, TUG1 loss impeded MM xenograft tumor growth in vivo by upregulating miR-34a-5p and downregulating NOTCH1. Furthermore, TUG1 depletion inhibited the expression of Hes-1, Survivin, and Bcl-2 protein in MM cells and xenograft tumors. TUG1 knockdown inhibited MM tumorigenesis by regulating the miR-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, deepening our understanding of the TUG1 function in MM.
Effect of hepatic sympathetic nerve removal on energy metabolism in an animal model of cognitive impairment and its relationship to Glut2 expression
Authors: Wei Riming , Zhuge Xiuhong , Yue Pengpeng , Liu Manjun , Zhu Lin , Liu Jianxiang , Xia Chunbo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate the effect of hepatic sympathetic nerve removal on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats with cognitive impairment and to evaluate the relationship between these effects and liverGlut2expression. Hippocampal injection of Aβ1–42was used to induce cognitive impairment. Impaired rats were divided into experimental, sham, and control groups. The experimental group was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine to remove the sympathetic nerve. At 4 weeks post injection, body weight, food and water intake, blood sugar, and blood lipids were measured, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was used to assess the liver glycogen content. LiverGlut2mRNA and protein were also detected. The experimental group showed reduced body weight, food intake, and blood glucose levels and elevated insulin levels compared with the control group. PAS staining showed higher glycogen contents in the experimental group than in controls. The expression levels ofGlut2mRNA and protein in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the controls. Metabolism was significantly impacted in rats with cognitive impairment following removal of the hepatic sympathetic nerve. Disruption toGlut2liver expression via sympathetic nerve disruption represents a possible underlying mechanism.
A Comparative Analysis of Teaching and Evaluation Methods in Nurse Practitioner Education Programs in Australia, Canada, Finland, Norway, the Netherlands and USA
Authors: Jeffery N. , Donald F. , Martin-Misener R. , Bryant-Lukosius D. , Johansen E.A. , Egilsdottir H.Ö. , Honig J. , Strand H. , Jokiniemi K. , Carter N. , Roodbol P. , Rietkoetter S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A scoping review of published literature and dialogue with international nurse practitioner educators and researchers revealed the education of nurse practitioner students varied within and between countries. This lack of cohesiveness hinders nurse practitioner role development and practice nationally and internationally. A rapid review of grey literature was conducted on nurse practitioner education standards in six countries (Australia, Canada, Finland, Norway, the Netherlands, and USA). Data were extracted from graduate level nurse practitioner education programs’ websites from each country (n = 24). Extracted data were verified for accuracy and completeness with a nurse practitioner educator from each program. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Variations in nurse practitioner education within and between countries were explored by comparing admission criteria, curricular content, clinical requirements, teaching methods, and assignment and evaluative methods. The findings will help inform education programs and further research about nurse practitioner education internationally.
Efficiently Processing Complex-Valued Data in Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Bootland Carl , Castryck Wouter , Iliashenko Ilia , Vercauteren Frederik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe introduce a new homomorphic encryption scheme that is natively capable of computing with complex numbers. This is done by generalizing recent work of Chen, Laine, Player and Xia, who modified the Fan–Vercauteren scheme by replacing the integral plaintext modulus t by a linear polynomial X − b. Our generalization studies plaintext moduli of the form Xm + b. Our construction significantly reduces the noise growth in comparison to the original FV scheme, so much deeper arithmetic circuits can be homomorphically executed.
On generalized binomial laws to evaluate finite element accuracy: preliminary probabilistic results for adaptive mesh refinement
Authors: Chaskalovic Joël , Assous Franck 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide new perspectives on the relative finite elements accuracy. Starting from a geometrical interpretation of the error estimate which can be deduced from Bramble–Hilbert lemma, we derive a probability law that evaluates the relative accuracy, considered as a random variable, between two finite elements Pk and Pm, k < m. We extend this probability law to get a cumulated probabilistic law for two main applications. The first one concerns a family of meshes, the second one is dedicated to a sequence of simplexes constituting a given mesh. Both of these applications could be considered as a first step toward application for adaptive mesh refinement with probabilistic methods.
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite metamaterial for light trapping and photon-to-electron conversion
Authors: Jing Hao , Zhu Yingying , Peng Ru-Wen , Li Cheng-Yao , Xiong Bo , Wang Zheng , Liu Yu , Wang Mu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dielectric metamaterials with high refractive indices may have an incredible capability to manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of the incident light. Combining the high refractive index and the excellent electrical characteristics of the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs), for the first time we experimentally demonstrate that metamaterial made of HOIPs can trap visible light and realize effective photon-to-electron conversion. The HOIP metamaterials are fabricated by focused ion beam milling on a solution-grown single-crystalline HOIP film. The optical absorption is significantly enhanced at the visible regime compared to that of the flat HOIP film, which originates from the excited Mie resonances and transverse cavity modes with inhibited interface reflection. Furthermore, compared to the flat film, the HOIP metamaterial shows increased photocurrent of up to ~40%, where the effective photocarrier generation efficiency increases by ~40% and the related internal efficiency by ~20%. Our data point to the potential application of HOIP metamaterials for high-efficiency light trapping and photon-to-electron conversion.
Pyrolysis kinetics and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/bamboo particle biocomposites: Effect of particle size distribution
Authors: Zhang Shen , Liang Yue , Qian Xiangqun , Hui David , Sheng Kuichuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bamboo particle (BP)-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were fabricated. The effect of the BP particle size distribution on the pyrolysis and mechanical properties of PLA biocomposites was evaluated. The optimum particle size of BP for improving the tensile strength PLA biocomposites is 200 mesh (16.6–84.5 µm). The pyrolysis mechanism and kinetics were studied according to the Coats–Redfern method. The addition of BP inhibited the pyrolysis process of PLA. The activation energy of biocomposites ranged from 120.7 to 151.5 kJ/mol, which is significantly higher than that of the neat PLA. The pyrolysis mechanisms of biocomposites are attributed to the chemical reaction at low pyrolysis temperature (270–400℃) and ash layer diffusion control at high pyrolysis temperature (400–600℃). Crystallization behavior of biocomposites showed that small BPs in PLA biocomposites generated more cross-linking points in the PLA matrix, which constrained the movement of the molecular chain and acted as an effective nucleating agent in promoting the crystallization process. The pyrolysis behavior and mechanical properties analysis provide critical information for potential large-scale production of the PLA biocomposites.
Energy and Macronutrient Considerations for Young Athletes
Authors: Hannon Marcus P. , Close Graeme L. , Morton James P. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Young athletes undergo many anatomical and physiological changes during the first 2 decades of life as a result of growth and maturation. Such changes influence a young athlete's nutritional requirements and it is therefore inappropriate to apply nutritional guidelines for adult athletes to this population. Nutritional recommendations for young athletes should not only focus on sporting performance but should also meet the requirements to ensure optimal growth, maturation, and physical development. This review article provides an overview of the nutritional recommendations for young athletes based on the best available literature from a range of sports.
Krūtinkaulio pseudoartrozės po resternotomijos gydymas Strasbūro krūtinės osteosintezės sistema: klinikinis atvejis
Authors: Janilionis Ričardas , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Jovaišas Vytautas , Jagelavičius Žymantas , Valančius Ramūnas 
Published: June 2020

Sternal pseudoarthrosis after resternotomy treated with the Strasbourg Thoracic Osteosyntheses System: a case report
Sternal dehiscence is a serious complication after general thoracic and cardiac surgery. Sternal resuturing, performed by simple rewiring or technical modification of rewiring, can fail overall when the bone quality is poor or the sternum is completely destroyed. A number of different sternal closure systems consisting of plates, screws, clips, and titanium bars have been recently introduced to treat the complicated sternal dehiscence. We describe the use of the Strasbourg Thoracic Osteosyntheses System (STRATOS) to treat complicated sternal dehiscence causing chest and back pain, sternum and chest instability, which was applied for the first time in Lithuania.Key words: sternotomy, sternal pseudoarthrosis, sternal osteosynthesis, chest instability, STRATOS.
Klajoklio nervo krūtininės dalies neurilemoma: klinikinis atvejis
Authors: Aškinis Renatas , Krasauskas Arnoldas , Zaremba Sigitas , Cicėnas Saulius 
Published: June 2020

Neurilemoma – periferinių nervų dangalų auglys. Jis auga lėtai ir pradžia dažniausiai būna besimptomė. Pasiekęs kritinį dydį auglys, priklausomai nuo atsiradimo vietos, pasireiškia spaudimo į aplinkinius organus klinika. Neurilemomos dažniausiai atsiranda galūnėse 30–50 gyvenimo metais nepriklausomai nuo lyties. Klajoklio nervo neurilemoma yra nedažna patologija, o krūtininės klajoklio nervo dalies neurilemoma pasitaiko itin retai. Diagnozuojant svarbiausi yra radiologiniai tyrimo metodai. Gydymas – chirurginis auglio pašalinimas. Pateikiame krūtininės klajoklio nervo dalies neurilemomos, nustatytos 39 metų moteriai, klinikinį atvejį. Auglys aptiktas radiologiniais tyrimais (krūtinės rentgeno, kompiuterinės tomografijos ir tarpuplaučio magnetinio branduolių rezonanso), pašalintas naudojant vaizdo torakoskopinę (VATS) metodiką. Diagnozė galutinai patvirtinta histologiniu tyrimu. Aštuntą parą po operacijos ligonė išrašyta į namus.Reikšminiai žodžiai: neurilemoma, klajoklis nervas, operacija

Neurilemoma of intrathoracal vagal nerve: clinical caseRenatas Aškinis, Arnoldas Krasauskas, Sigitas Zaremba, Saulius Cicėnas
Neurilemoma is a tumour of peripleurical nervous tissues. It grows slowly and has an asymptomatic manifestation. During tumour enlargement, depending on localisation, clinical symptoms appear because of the tumour pressure to the surrounding tissues. Mostly neurilemomas appear in extremities of patients aged 30–50 years. N. vagus neurilemoma is a very rare disease. The diagnosis is made using radiology. The treatment is surgical removal. We present a clinical case of intrathoracal n. vagus neurilemoma in a 39-year-old woman. The diagnosis was made using radiological findings (chest X-ray, chest CT, and the MRI of the mediastinum). The removal of the tumour was made by VATS. The diagnosis was proved morphologically. After 8 days, the patient was discharged from the hospital.Key words: neurilemoma, vagal nerve, operation