bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetika Adsorpsi Mikrokapsul Kitosan Taut Silang Kalium Persulfat terhadap Zat Warna Methyl Orange
Authors: Sulistyawati Endang , Nandari Wibiana Wulan , Nurchasanah Arifa Rahma , Dewi Kurnia Kumala 
Published: July 2020

Dyes, typically available in textile and paper industries, can cause an aesthetical issue in their wastewater stream even in its low concentration Some colors are considered toxic to the environment and even carcinogenic. In that sense, the adsorption using chitosan, might be an alternative method offering better environmental quality by its capability for eliminating the dyes from the waste stream. This research was aimed to study the adsorption kinetics of methyl orange dyes in the presence of chitosan microcapsules, employing the measurement of concentration concerning time over several measured temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 °C. Chitosan microcapsules originated from abundantly available organic materials, have been synthesized by the support of potassium persulfate as a cross-linker through ionic gelation and solvent evaporation method. The microcapsules were subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations, while UV-Vis was utilized for observing dye concentration changes. The results showed that chitosan microcapsules had been successfully prepared with a deacetylation degree of 53.92 % and a grain diameter of 1246 μm. The adsorption adapted the chemisorption mechanism with endothermic behavior. Besides, its kinetics seemed to follow the Lagergren pseudo-second-order equation with the value of the kinetic constant suitable for the tested temperature, following the Arrhenius equation. A B S T R A KZat pewarna yang banyak ditemukan di industri tekstil dan kertas, cenderung menyebabkan masalah estetika dalam aliran air limbah meskipun dalam jumlah rendah. Beberapa zat pewarna bersifat racun bagi lingkungan dan bahkan ada yang tergolong zat karsinogen. Adsorpsi, terutama dengan memanfaatkan kitosan, dapat digunakan sebagai metode alternatif yang memberikan kualitas lingkungan yang lebih baik dalam menghilangkan zat warna dari aliran limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kinetika adsorpsi pewarna metil oranye menggunakan kitosan dalam bentuk mikrokapsul, dengan mengamati perubahan konsentrasi sebagai fungsi waktu pada beberapa suhu teruji yaitu 40, 50, dan 60 °C. Mikrokapsul kitosan berasal dari bahan organik yang tersedia berlimpah dan disintesis dengan bantuan kalium persulfat sebagai penaut silang dengan menggunakan metode gelasi ionik dan metode penguapan pelarut. Karakteristik mikrokapsul dianalisis menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) dan scanning electron microscopy (SEM), sedangkan UV-Vis digunakan untuk mengamati perubahan konsentrasi zat warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, mikrokapsul kitosan yang berhasil disintesis mempunyai derajat deasetilasi 53,92% dan diameter butir sekitar 1246 μm. Adsorpsi mengikuti mekanisme kemisorpsi dengan perilaku endotermik. Persamaan kinetik mengikuti persamaan Lagergren orde dua-semu dengan nilai konstanta kinetik untuk suhu yang diuji mengikuti persamaan Arrhenius.
Adverse Drug Reactions in Patients with CKD
Authors: Laville Solène M. , Gras-Champel Valérie , Moragny Julien , Metzger Marie , Jacquelinet Christian , Combe Christian , Fouque Denis , Laville Maurice , Frimat Luc , Robinson Bruce M. , Stengel Bénédicte , Massy Ziad A. , Liabeuf Sophie ,   on behalf of the Chronic Kidney Disease-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (CKD-REIN) Study Group
Published: July 2020

Background and objectives
Little is known about the burden of adverse drug reactions in CKD. We estimated the incidence of overall and serious adverse drug reactions and assessed the probability of causation, preventability, and factors associated with adverse drug reactions in patients seen by nephrologists.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The Chronic Kidney Disease-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network cohort included 3033 outpatients (65% men) with CKD and eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, with follow-up for 2 years. Adverse drug reactions were identified from hospitalization reports, medical records, and participant interviews and finally assessed for causality, preventability, and immediate therapeutic management by experts in pharmacology.

Results
Median (interquartile range) age was 69 (60–76) years old; 55% had eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and 45% had eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Participants were prescribed a median (range) of eight (five to ten) drugs. Over 2 years, 536 patients had 751 adverse drug reactions, 150 (in 125 participants) classified as serious, for rates of 14.4 (95% confidence interval, 12.6 to 16.5) and 2.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 4.3) per 100 person-years, respectively. Among the serious adverse drug reactions, 32% were considered preventable or potentially preventable; 16 caused death, directly or indirectly. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (15%), antithrombotic agents (14%), and diuretics (10%) were the drugs to which the most adverse drug reactions were imputed, but antithrombotic agents caused 34% of serious adverse drug reactions. The drug was discontinued in 71% of cases, at least temporarily. Adjusted hazard ratios for serious adverse drug reaction were significantly higher in patients with eGFR<30 versus ≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.6), in those prescribed more than ten versus less than five medications (2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.2), or in those with poor versus good adherence (1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 2.4).

Conclusions
Adverse drug reactions are common and sometimes serious in patients with CKD. Many serious adverse drug reactions may be preventable. Some specific pharmacologic classes, particularly antithrombotic agents, are at risk of serious adverse drug reactions.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number
Chronic Kidney Disease-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (CKD-REIN), NCT03381950
Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Kinerja untuk Mengukur Kemampuan Psikomotorik Siswa dalam Praktikum Laju Reaksi
Authors: Isnaini Ade Irma , Utami Lisa 
Published: July 2020

[Development of Performance Assessment Instruments for Measuring Student Psychomotor Ability on The Reaction Rate Practicum]
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain instrumen penilaian kinerja dan uji coba penggunaan instrumen penilaian kinerja dalam mengukur kemampuan psikomotorik siswa pada parktikum laju reaksi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu mixed methods research dengan desain penelitian sekuensial eksploratori. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara bertahap (sekuensial) dimana peneliti terlebih dahulu memulai dengan mengeksplorasi data kualitatif dan menganalisisnya kemudian mengggunakan temuan pada fase kualitatif untuk mengembangkan instrumen dan menganalisis nya secara kuantitatif di kelas XI SMAN 2 Pekanbaru. Instrumen yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat psikomotorik siswa pada saat melakukan praktikum laju reaksi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapatkan hasil kemampuan psikomotorik siswa berdasarkan indikator sebesar 78,27 % dengan kriteria baik. Hasil penelitian dari angket respon pengguna menunjukkan bahwa aspek materi dan konstruksi mendapatkan persentase tertinggi yaitu sebesar 100% dengan kategori sangat baik. Kemudian diikuti oleh aspek bahasa yang mendapatkan persentase 92% dengan kategori sangat baik juga. Secara keseluruhan, rata-rata persentase angket respon pengguna yakni 97,33% dengan kategori sangat baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa instrumen penilaian kinerja yang dikembangkan peneliti sangat baik dalam mengukur kemampuan psikomotorik siswa pada pokok bahasan laju reaksi dan dapat digunakan oleh guru sebagai instrumen alternatif untuk mengukur kemampuan psikomotorik siswa dalam kegiatan praktikum.
O papel da mulher na Comunidade remanescente do Quilombo de Fojo e sua relação com a natureza
Authors: Carmo Maria Edinalva De Oliveira , Ferreira Maria de Fátima De Andrade 
Published: July 2020

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de Mestrado em Ciências Ambientais que investigou “A relação mulher-natureza na Comunidade Remanescente do Quilombo de Fojo, Itacaré – BA”, através da abordagem descritiva e análise quantitativa e qualitativa de dados (KÖCHE, 2000; SANTOS, 2002), buscando aprofundamento teórico para tratar de relações de gênero (LOURO, 2011; SCOTT, 1989), gênero e meio ambiente (CASTRO e ABRAMOVAY, 2005) e a importância do papel da mulher na organização cotidiana das comunidades tradicionais, inclusive de remanescentes de quilombos (COSTA e PINTO, 2015). Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram mulheres e homens da Comunidade de Fojo que decidiram pela participação, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta e sistemática e conversas informais, em profundidade, realizadas entre 2014-2015. O recorte aqui apresentado tem por objetivo discutir o papel da mulher na comunidade do quilombo de Fojo e sua relação com a natureza. Os resultados indicam relações desiguais entre homens e mulheres na comunidade, às mulheres têm sido designado papel/posição, modos de cuidar da família, ficam responsáveis em “trazer harmonia e paz para o lar”, “cuidar e ser dona de casa”, cabendo a elas a área pertencente a do privado – a casa, alguns serviços na roça e a participação na igreja evangélica, deixando a tradição esquecida. A relação mulher-natureza, ao que parece, indica práticas agrícolas equivocadas e, ao que tudo indica, o conhecimento dos moradores sobre a agricultura ainda é tímido, demonstram fragilidades de técnicas empregadas, falta recursos à implementação de ferramentas adequadas, ausência de assistência técnica especializada e conhecimentos por parte dos produtores de técnicas básicas de produção. Palavras-chave: Relação Mulher-Natureza. Mulher Quilombola. Sustentabilidade
Inside the “Black Box” of Ownership Structures in Russia: Evidence from Stock Price Synchronicity
Authors: Khattak Mohay Uddin Khan , Rahman Asheq , Habib Ahsan 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Ownership structure, an important feature of corporate governance, acts as a determinant of the opacity of firms. This study penetrates the “black box” of the ownership structures of Russian corporations, identifies their salient features, and examines the effects of those features on the information environment (stock price synchronicity) of the corporations. Examining a sample of companies listed on the Moscow Exchange, we find that stock price synchronicity is: (1) positively associated with divergence between control and cash-flow rights of the ultimate owner; (2) negatively associated with the ownership concentration of the ultimate owner; (3) negatively associated with companies controlled indirectly by the state through holding corporations with the presence of oligarchs; and (4) negatively associated with firms with transparent oligarchs. Analyzing the economic impact of the results, we find the presence of non-transparent oligarchs and foreign-offshore holdings has the most adverse effect on stock price synchronicity.
Does the Disclosure of PCAOB Inspection Findings Increase Audit Firms' Litigation Exposure?
Authors: Christensen Brant E. , Lundstrom Nathan G. , Newton Nathan J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine whether PCAOB inspection reports increase auditors' litigation risk. We find that inspection reports with audit deficiencies are positively associated with the number of lawsuits subsequently filed against the inspected auditor. These results are strongest when client-level lawsuit-triggering events have already occurred and when PCAOB inspection content is arguably more persuasive. Importantly, these results pertain exclusively to triennially inspected audit firms for which the set of other publicly available signals of audit quality is limited. Furthermore, we do not argue that inspection reports in isolation trigger lawsuits. Instead, once events such as restatement announcements or bankruptcies create the potential for legal action against the auditor, inspection reports provide a public signal about past noncompliance with auditing standards. This signal likely increases lawyers' perceived strength of case against the auditor before the lawsuit is filed and before lawyers have access to the audit workpapers.
Association Between Glycemic Status and the Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Rhee Sang Youl , Han Kyung-Do , Kwon Hyemi , Park Se-Eun , Park Yong-Gyu , Kim Yang-Hyun , Yoo Soon-Jip , Rhee Eun-Jung , Lee Won-Young 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have suggested that diabetes increases the risk of Parkinson disease (PD); however, this has not been conclusively established. We analyzed the risk of PD based on baseline glucose tolerance status in a large-scale cohort representative of the general Korean population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This analysis was performed in a cohort of 15,168,021 adults aged ≥40 years who underwent health checkups under the National Health Insurance Service between January 2009 and December 2010. The clinical course of subjects was monitored until December 2016. Subjects were classified into the following groups: no diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes duration &lt;5 years, and diabetes duration ≥5 years. We analyzed the adjusted hazard ratio of PD for each group.

RESULTS
During the observation period of 49,076,148.74 person-years, PD occurred in 31,577 patients. Compared with the nondiabetes group, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.038 (95% CI, 1.009–1.067) in the IFG group, 1.185 (95% CI, 1.143–1.229) in the diabetes duration &lt;5 years group, and 1.618 (95% CI, 1.566–1.672) in the diabetes duration ≥5 years group. These results were consistent with those of the subgroup analysis, and the presence of diabetes further increased the risk of PD regardless of comorbidities such as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and chronic kidney diseases.

CONCLUSIONS
This population-based cohort study suggests that diabetes is an independent risk factor for PD.
A Single Load of Fructose Attenuates the Risk of Exercise-Induced Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes on Ultra-Long-Acting Basal Insulin: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Proof-of-Principle Study
Authors: Kosinski Christophe , Herzig David , Laesser Céline Isabelle , Nakas Christos T. , Melmer Andreas , Vogt Andreas , Vogt Bruno , Laimer Markus , Bally Lia , Stettler Christoph 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE
While the adjustment of insulin is an established strategy to reduce the risk of exercise-associated hypoglycemia for individuals with type 1 diabetes, it is not easily feasible for those treated with ultra-long-acting basal insulin. The current study determined whether pre-exercise intake of fructose attenuates the risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes using insulin degludec.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fourteen male adults with type 1 diabetes completed two 60-min aerobic cycling sessions with or without prior intake (30 min) of 20 g of fructose, in a randomized two-period crossover design. Exercise was performed in the morning in a fasted state without prior insulin reduction and after 48 h of standardized diet. The primary outcome was time to hypoglycemia (plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L) during exercise.

RESULTS
Intake of fructose resulted in one hypoglycemic event at 60 min compared with six hypoglycemic events at 27.5 ± 9.4 min of exercise in the control condition, translating into a risk reduction of 87.8% (hazard ratio 0.12 [95% CI 0.02, 0.66]; P = 0.015). Mean plasma glucose during exercise was 7.3 ± 1.4 mmol/L with fructose and 5.5 ± 1.1 mmol/L in the control group (P &lt; 0.001). Lactate levels were higher at rest in the 30 min following fructose intake (P &lt; 0.001) but were not significantly different from the control group during exercise (P = 0.32). Substrate oxidation during exercise did not significantly differ between the conditions (P = 0.73 for carbohydrate and P = 0.48 for fat oxidation). Fructose was well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS
Pre-exercise intake of fructose is an easily feasible, effective, and well-tolerated strategy to alleviate the risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia while avoiding hyperglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes on ultra-long-acting insulin.
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Sistem Informasi Akuntansi (SIA) pada Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) di Bandar Lampung
Authors: Sari Meita Sekar , Sugiyani Sugiyani 
Published: July 2020

"BPS-Statistics Indonesia, 2017: 23" State: economic development in Indonesia Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are always described as a sector that has an important role. Described in Kompas.Com many Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are developing at this time, that there are still a lot of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) actors who do not realize the importance of neat financial records and bookkeeping, most of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) actors are still " blind "accounting. As a result, it is natural that many of them do not have a bookkeeping business that has the potential to grow. This type of research is quantitative with a collaborative research design. The population in this study are all small and medium businesses in Bandar Lampung, which have been recorded at the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Lampung province, amounting to 278 SMEs. Respondents obtained and used in this study were 55 SMEs. Analysis of the data used in this study is the classic assumption test and multiple regression analysis using the simultaneous test (Fcount test) and persial test (t test).
The results showed that the output results can be seen that the calculated F value of 5020, when compared with the value of the table f of 2.40, then F count> F table then the Cash Ratio, Current Ratio, Return On Assets, Return On Equity, and Net Profit Margin together with the accounting information system is accepted, H0 is rejected. T Test results show that Cash Ratio, Current Ratio, Return On Equity (ROE), and Net Profit Margin significantly influence the Accounting Information System (AIS), while Return On Assets do not significantly influence the Accounting Information System (SIA). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.705 or 70.50% which means that changes that occur in the accounting information system (SIA) (Y) can be explained by the variable Cash Ratio, Current Ratio, ROA, ROE, and NPM (X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5) of 70.50%, and the remaining 29.50% is explained by other variables not proposed in this study.
Komparasi Risk dan Return Saham dan Saham Syariah
Authors: Farrukhy Abil Finda 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

This research aims to identify the difference in the mean return and risk of regular and sharia stock listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as a provider of secondary data listed in the consumer goods industry in the 2019 period. The data analysis techniques in this research are using descriptive and inferential statistics analysis. The results of descriptive analysis within 1 year showed that the average return of regular stock is -0.0018342 or -0.18% while the average return of Sharia stock 0,0009238 or 0.09%. The risk level of regular stock during the period of 1 year is 0.0539309 or 5.39%. while the risk level of sharia stock is 0.0142570 or 1.43%. Based on the results of inferential analysis research using a different test (Independent Sample t-test), obtained result that there is no significant difference between return and risk of regular stock and Sharia stock.
Keywords: Return, Risk, Regular Stock, Sharia Stock

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan rata-rata return dan risk saham reguler dan saham syariah yang tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia sebagai penyedia data sekunder yang tercantum di bidang industri barang konsumsi periode 2019. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil analisis deskriptif pada kurun waktu 1 tahun menyatakan bahwa rata-rata return saham reguler senilai -0,0018342, sedangkan rata-rata return saham syariah senilai 0,0009238. Tingkat Risk saham reguler selama kurun waktu 1 tahun senilai 0,0539309, sedangkan tingkat risk saham syariah senilai 0,0142570. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian analisis inferensial dengan menggunakan uji beda (Independent Sample t-test) dihasilkan bahwa tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan antara return dan risk saham reguler dengan saham syariah.
Kata Kunci: Return, Risk, Saham Reguler, Saham Syariah
Science in History
Authors: Machado Hallhane 
Published: July 2020

In 1987, Ernest Coumet highlighted the presence of a “scientific revolution” in Alexandre Koyré’s works. When and where did the destruction of the Cosmos and the geometrization of space materialize in the authors she studied? In what work do we find the “revolution” for which Koyré is so well known? From unknown texts, at least in 1987, Coumet pointed out concordances between Koyré’s philosophy of historical knowledge and that of Raymond Aron – of Weberian inspiration – affirming Koyré’s famous concept of Scientific Revolution as “ideal type”. Which means to say that, in the works of the author of From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe, “revolution” is not a historical reality, but an interpretative horizon. However, a letter from Koyré to Aron discovered by us in the archives of this author, deposited in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, shows us the unsustainability of Coumet’s hypothesis. Nevertheless, it seems to us that the great lesson of his singular hypothesis remains, that of the importance of not neglecting the conception of the history of those who focus on the past of the sciences.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PEMETAAN BANTUAN SOSIAL BERBASIS WEB RESPONSIVE
Authors: Murti Alif Catur , Pinem Agusta Praba Ristadi 
Published: July 2020

Pada masa pandemi Covid-19 yang memberi dampak di seluruh Dunia, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia. Setiap Negara memiliki kebijakan masing-masing unutuk menanganinya, mulai dari pemberlakuan Lockdown, Pembatasan Sosial Bersekala Besar (PSBB) , sampai dengan New Normal. Semua kebijakan dilakukan untuk segera memutus rantai penyebaran Covid-19, karena semakin lama masyarakat dihadapkan dengan kondisi ekonomi yang melemah ketika pandemi ini tidak segara selesai. Upaya lain dari pemerintah adalah dengan memberikan bantuan sosial untuk masyarakat yang memiliki ekonomi lemah. Bantuan sosial tersebut diantaranya adalah Program Keluarga Harapan, Kartu Sembako, Kartu Prakerja, Pembebasan Tarif Listrik 450V, Bantuan Sosial Tunai, dan Bantuan Langsung Tunai. Kebijakan yang baik harus dikawal sehingga bantuan tersebut dapat tersalurkan sesuai sasaran. Aspek pemerataan bantuan juga menjadi penting sehingga tidak ada yang merasa dirugikan dari masyarakat yang membutuhkan. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut perlu dirancang sebuah sistem pemetaan bantuan sosial yang transparan bisa diakses oleh siapa saja dengan model gadget apapun sehingga dapat membantu pemerintah ditingkat dinas dan desa untuk mengelola bantuan sosial secara efektif, efisien dan transparan dimata masyarakat.