bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life and psychological functioning of pediatric and young adult patients with Gaucher disease, type 1
Authors: Alioto Andrea G. , Gomez Rowena , Moses James , Paternostro Jennifer , Packman Seymour , Packman Wendy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examined the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological functioning of children and young adults with Gaucher disease, type 1 (GD1). Thirty‐two (17 pediatric, 15 young adult) patients with GD1 and one parent completed age‐appropriate assessments of HRQoL, emotional, and behavioral health. The HRQoL of children with GD1 was compared with a healthy sample and to children diagnosed with Fabry disease (FD; another lysosomal storage disease), while young adults were compared to a healthy sample and to patients with self‐reported chronic illnesses. Children with GD1 reported significantly lower HRQoL across all domains relative to healthy counterparts yet comparable HRQoL compared to children with FD. Young adults reported mildly lower physical functioning than healthy peers, but no differences in HRQoL relative to the chronic illness sample. Parent‐reported symptom severity was associated with poorer HRQOL in children but not young adults. Few group differences in psychological functioning were observed, except young children showed more school problems than the normative average and there was a trend toward internalizing symptoms. Overall, results consistently identified younger patients with GD1 as more affected than older patients in HRQoL and psychological domains. Implementation of psychosocial interventions may be particularly beneficial during early childhood.
Ontogeny of the distal femoral metaphyseal surface and its relationship to locomotor behavior in hominoids
Authors: Stamos Peter A. , Weaver Timothy D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveDistal femoral metaphyseal surface morphology is highly variable in extant mammals. This variation has previously been linked to differences in locomotor behavior. We perform the first systematic survey and description of the development of this morphology in extant hominoids.Materials and methodsWe collected 3D surface laser scans of the femora of 179 human and great ape individuals throughout all subadult stages of development. We qualitatively and quantitatively describe metaphyseal surface morphology.ResultsWe find that the metaphysis is topographically simple in all hominoids during the fetal and infant periods relative to later developmental periods, and in apes it develops significant complexity throughout development. Humans, by contrast, retain relatively flat metaphyseal surfaces throughout ontogeny.DiscussionMajor shifts in morphology appear to coincide with major shifts in locomotor behavior, suggesting that metaphyseal morphology is developmentally plastic and highly dependent on the biomechanical loadings at the knee joint. This is consistent with a large body of biomedical research, which demonstrates the primacy of mechanical forces in determining growth plate ossification patterns. Additionally, specific metaphyseal morphology appears highly correlated with specific locomotor modes, suggesting that metaphyseal surface morphology will be useful for reconstructing the locomotor behavior of fossil primate taxa.
Australia’s national urban policy: The smart cities agenda in perspective
Authors: Hu Richard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Australian Government's attempts at national urban policy have been sporadic and inconsistent, under the constraints of constitutional, financial, ideological and political factors. This paper concerns the recent resurgence of national urban policy under the rubric of “smart cities” adopted by the Turnbull Government and carried on by the incumbent Morrison Government. It investigates how this round of smart cities agenda articulates with Australia's political tradition of national urban policy to seek continuity and change, through comparing historical policies, unpacking major smart cities programmes, identifying explanatory factors and critically commenting on its innovation and legacy. Drawing upon these analyses, this paper argues that understanding the smart cities agenda needs to move beyond the political, ideological “to‐and‐fro” pendulum to national urban policy observed in history. Rather, it resonates with a globalised policy norm established upon the city‐based global integration and competition, driven by an imperative of transitioning to a knowledge economy and pursuing innovation capacity. It is too early to judge whether the smart cities agenda will bring changes to Australian cities in the way it wishes, since it involves long‐term infrastructure investment and urban development projects. However, a comprehensive and consistent national urban policy to govern the Australian system of cities and towns has not been established yet.
An Activatable Polymeric Reporter for Near‐Infrared Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Imaging of Invasive Cancer
Authors: Li Qing , Li Shenhua , He Shasha , Chen Wan , Cheng Penghui , Zhang Yan , Miao Qingqing , Pu Kanyi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiscriminative detection of invasive and noninvasive breast cancers is crucial for their effective treatment and prognosis. However, activatable probes able to do so in vivo are rare. Herein, we report an activatable polymeric reporter (P‐Dex) that specifically turns on near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent and photoacoustic (PA) signals in response to the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) overexpressed in invasive breast cancer. P‐Dex has a renal‐clearable dextran backbone that is linked with a NIR dye caged with an uPA‐cleavable peptide substrate. Such a molecular design allows P‐Dex to passively target tumors, activate NIR fluorescence and PA signals to effectively distinguish invasive MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer from noninvasive MCF‐7 breast cancer, and ultimately undergo renal clearance to minimize the toxicity potential. Thus, this polymeric reporter holds great promise for the early detection of malignant breast cancer.
Steam‐Induced Coarsening of Single‐Unit‐Cell MFI Zeolite Nanosheets and Its Effect on External Surface Brønsted Acid Catalysis
Authors: Guefrachi Yasmine , Sharma Geetu , Xu Dandan , Kumar Gaurav , Vinter Katherine P. , Abdelrahman Omar A. , Li Xinyu , Alhassan Saeed , Dauenhauer Paul J. , Navrotsky Alexandra , Zhang Wei , Tsapatsis Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCommonly used methods to assess crystallinity, micro‐/mesoporosity, Brønsted acid site density and distribution (in micro‐ vs. mesopores), and catalytic activity suggest nearly invariant structure and function for aluminosilicate zeolite MFI two‐dimensional nanosheets before and after superheated steam treatment. Yet, pronounced reaction rate decrease for benzyl alcohol alkylation with mesitylene, a reaction that cannot take place in the zeolite micropores, is observed. Transmission electron microscopy images reveal pronounced changes in nanosheet thickness, aspect ratio and roughness indicating that nanosheet coarsening and the associated changes in the external (mesoporous) surface structure are responsible for the changes in the external surface catalytic activity. Superheated steam treatment of hierarchical zeolites can be used to alter nanosheet morphology and regulate external surface catalytic activity while preserving micro‐ and mesoporosity, and micropore reaction rates.
Self‐Assembly of Aminocyclopropenium Salts: En Route to Deltic Ionic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Litterscheidt Juri , Bandar Jeffrey S. , Ebert Max , Forschner Robert , Bader Korinna , Lambert Tristan H. , Frey Wolfgang , Bühlmeyer Andrea , Brändle Marcus , Schulz Finn , Laschat Sabine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAminocyclopropenium ions have raised much attention as organocatalysts and redox active polymers. However, the self‐assembly of amphiphilic aminocyclopropenium ions remains challenging. The first deltic ionic liquid crystals based on aminocyclopropenium ions have been developed. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction provided insight into the unique self‐assembly and nanosegregation of these liquid crystals. While the combination of small headgroups with linear p‐alkoxyphenyl units led to bilayer‐type smectic mesophases, wedge‐shaped units resulted in columnar mesophases. Upon increasing the size and polyphilicity of the aminocyclopropenium headgroup, a lamellar phase was formed.
A combined theoretical and experimental study to improve the thermal stability of recombinant D‐lactate dehydrogenase immobilized on a novel superparamagnetic Fe3O4NPs@metal–organic framework
Authors: Torkzadeh‐Mahani Mahdieh , Zaboli Maryam , Barani Mahmood , Torkzadeh‐Mahani Masoud 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and pyruvate to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and D‐lactate in the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases. Humans possess two isoforms of LDH enzyme: NAD‐dependent L‐lactate dehydrogenase (L‐LDH) and NAD‐dependent D‐lactate dehydrogenase (D‐LDH). D‐LDH is released during tissue damage, and is a sign of diseases such as kidney stones, heart failure, and some types of cancers and appendicitis. Accordingly, the design and construction of biosensors for the determination of lactate levels are important. The thermal sensitivity of D‐LDH and low protein production in the host bacteria limit the use of this protein in certain applications. To solve these problems, two solutions were used in this study. First, the codon‐optimized 1008 bp D‐LDH gene fused with a histidine tag was cloned at the NcoI/XhoI sites and expressed in E. coli BL21. Second, a new metal–organic framework (Fe3O4NPs@Ni‐MOF) was synthesized and used for immobilization and stabilization of D‐LDH. Fe3O4NPs@Ni‐MOF core‐shell nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. In comparison with the free enzyme, the immobilized enzyme presented better stability at high temperatures. The immobilization of the enzyme could be useful because most reactions happen at high temperatures in industry. To examine the effect of Fe3O4NPs@Ni‐MOF on the adsorption and conformation of D‐LDH at the atomistic level, a molecular dynamics simulation was carried out. Our study showed that the interaction between Fe3O4NPs@Ni‐MOF and D‐LDH involved van der Waals interactions, hydrophobic interaction energies, cation–π interaction between the Ni ions of the MOF with the enzyme residues and also, the hydrogen bond interactions between enzyme and heteroatoms in the MOF. Root mean square fluctuation and secondary structure analysis showed that Fe3O4NPs@Ni‐MOF protected the conformation of the enzyme.
Mechanical and dimensional performance of poly(lactic acid) 3D‐printed parts using thin plate spline interpolation
Authors: Cardoso Paulo Henrique Machado , Teixeira Bruna Nunes , Calado Verônica Maria de Araújo , de Oliveira Márcia Gomes , Mendonça Tiago dos Santos , Mendonça Roberta Helena , de Almeida Hellen Regina Oliveira , Cunha Matheus Santos , Thiré Rossana Mara da Silva Moreira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn additive manufacturing, determining the correct deposition parameters is very important as this can affect the final properties of printed parts. Since there is no agreement on the optimal level of the different printing parameters in reported results, this work evaluated the influences of layer thickness (LT), deposition speed (DS) and printing direction (PD) on tensile properties and dimensional accuracy of poly(lactic acid) 3D parts evaluating the possibility of using thin plate spline interpolation method (TPSIM) of data, a new approach, in determination of optimized fused deposition modeling process parameters. It was observed that the use of low levels of LT (0.10 mm), DS (40 mm/s), and PD (0°) provided parts with higher mechanical strength and dimensional performance. Denser parts showed lower anisotropy effect and, consequently, best tensile properties were obtained. TPSIM was an efficient mathematical analysis and well fitted results of predicted and experimental results.
Flexible Lithium‐Ion Conducting Composite Electrolyte
Authors: Conway Brent , Jewell Katherine , Tanner Cameron 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIncorporation of a solid electrolyte into lithium‐ion batteries brings with it the potential to increase energy density, improve operational lifetime, and enhance safety. Although numerous ceramics with high lithium‐ion conductivity have been identified, use in batteries is hindered by fragility, inefficiency of fabrication processes, and difficulty sintering to a hermetic state. We present a novel composite electrolyte with nearly single crystal grains of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 embedded within a flexible, PDMS polymer matrix. Each lithium‐ion conducting particle is exposed on both sides of the membrane to provide a fast conduction pathway that is unimpeded by grain boundaries. Membranes made with this structure and grains grown by slow cooling from the melt are hermetic and have lithium conductivity of ∼2.7×10−4 S cm−1. The principal conductivities of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 crystals are σa=3.4×10−3 and σc=1.1×10−3 S cm−1.
Regeneration of Polyolefin Separators from Spent Li‐Ion Battery for Second Life
Authors: Natarajan Subramanian , Subramanyan Krishnan , Dhanalakshmi R. Baby , Stephan A. Manuel , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe increased usage of Lithium ion batteries and dominance in the consumer applications bring out a vast quantity of hazardous spent LIBs into the waste stream. Current recycling industries/technologies have engrossed only to recover the maximum valuable metal sources from the spent LIBs and the ignorance of harmful polyolefins (separators/polymers) in a huge amount would earn environmental hazards and impedes the reuse applications. In this study, for the first time, we have simply recovered the used separator from spent LIBs, cleaned with de‐ionized water and reutilized the separator without any modification for new battery fabrication to emphasize “3R” principles in green chemistry. First, the recovered separator has been examined by characterization techniques including tensile strength, differential scanning calorimetry, ionic conductivity, electrolyte uptake, and interfacial resistance, etc. to validate the suitability for re‐use and compared with a commercial separator of Celgard. The obtained results endorsed to reuse the separator in a half‐cell configuration by employing LiMn2O4 as a cathode and Li metal as an anode. The test cell displayed almost equal capacity of ∼123 mAh g−1 at 25 mA g−1 using the recovered separator and achieved better cycling life. These outcomes evidently prove that the recovered separator from spent LIBs would replace the commercial separator for the battery application in the near future that helps to accomplish the complete recycling process of spent LIBs for the industries where the recovery of metals only being effectively recycled.
Replication Fork Barriers and Topological Barriers: Progression of DNA Replication Relies on DNA Topology Ahead of Forks
Authors: Schvartzman Jorge B. , Hernández Pablo , Krimer Dora B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring replication, the topology of DNA changes continuously in response to well‐known activities of DNA helicases, polymerases, and topoisomerases. However, replisomes do not always progress at a constant speed and can slow‐down and even stall at precise sites. The way these changes in the rate of replisome progression affect DNA topology is not yet well understood. The interplay of DNA topology and replication in several cases where progression of replication forks reacts differently to changes in DNA topology ahead is discussed here. It is proposed, there are at least two types of replication fork barriers: those that behave also as topological barriers and those that do not. Two‐Dimensional (2D) agarose gel electrophoresis is the method of choice to distinguish between these two different types of replication fork barriers.
Benzazetidines and Related Compounds: Synthesis and Potential
Authors: Salvio Riccardo , Placidi Simone , Bella Marco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBenzazetidines are a class of N‐heterocycles potentially very interesting for a variety of purposes, including biological applications and drug design. In the past, their high ring strain has hampered the development of trustable, general, and efficient synthetic methodologies for their preparation. In this review article, the aim is to disclose all the literature contributions about the synthesis of these compounds and the study of their reactivity, from the early examples to the most recent synthetic approaches. Recently, there has been a growth of interest for this heterocycle, driven by the publication of novel synthetic methodologies based on palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular C−H amination and organocatalyzed ring‐closure of 2‐(N‐Boc‐anilino)‐α‐ketoesters/amides.
Thiete Dioxides as Templates Towards Twisted Scaffolds and Macrocyclic Structures
Authors: Baumann Andreas N. , Reiners Felix , Siegle Alexander F. , Mayer Peter , Trapp Oliver , Didier Dorian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThiete dioxide units have been employed as a template for further functionalization through C−H activation strategies. Using simple thiete dioxide building blocks, a new library of axially chiral molecules has been synthesized that owe their stability to electrostatic interactions in the solid state. Similar starting materials were further engaged in the formation of cyclic trimeric structures, opening the pathway to unprecedented macrocyclic ring systems.
Rise of the Robots
Authors: Carson Nessa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh‐throughput experimentation (HTE) is a growing, enabling technology that allows the execution of large, parallel sets of experiments. Often, automation is required to dose compounds on milligram to sub‐milligram scale, to run many parallel reactions, and to analyse large datasets. Unique approaches to screen design, implementation, and analysis are required, distinct from traditional synthetic organic chemistry. The discipline also presents a profitable opportunity for individual scientists to learn about and explore fields adjacent to chemistry, including data science, robotics and equipment engineering, and computer programming. This perspective presents the author's viewpoints on the field of HTE, its implementation within a chemistry career, and the automated future of organic chemistry technology.
Disassembly 4.0: A Review on Using Robotics in Disassembly Tasks as a Way of Automation
Authors: Poschmann Hendrik , Brüggemann Holger , Goldmann Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo successfully implement circular economy processes into present value chains, economic feasibility of disassembly processes is essential. Current developments in science and technology, such as artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, foster steep progression in the field of robotics. In this review, the current research on robotics in disassembly is investigated by a systematic literature review. The results were clustered in a framework system distinguishing between applied and basic research on the two main streams of disassembly automation research, namely, predefined processes and adaptable, flexible automation.
Werkstoffliche Aufbereitung von Wärmedämmverbundsystemen
Authors: Fehn Thomas , Teipel Ulrich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAufgrund steigender energetischer Anforderungen an Gebäude, werden Wärmedämmverbundsysteme (WDVS) seit den 1970 Jahren zur Dämmung von Gebäudefassaden verwendet. Angesichts der Langlebigkeit dieser Kompositmaterialien fallen seit den letzten Jahren vermehrt WDVS‐Abfälle an. Eine werkstoffliche Verwertung dieser Systeme existiert aktuell noch nicht, wodurch ein enormes Ressourceneffizienzpotenzial verloren geht. Aufgrund der Komplexität dieser Kompositmaterialien wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Wärmedämmverbundsysteme durch verfahrenstechnische Prozessschritte aufbereitet.
Kunststoffidentifikation und ‐sortierung in der Circular Economy durch Fluoreszenzmarker
Authors: Woidasky Jörg , Moesslein Jochen , Wendler Pascal , Kirchenbauer Daniel , Wacker Dirk , Gao Guojun , Lang‐Koetz Claus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn Deutschland werden weniger als die Hälfte aller Kunststoffabfälle werkstofflich verwertet. Eine Option um die zukünftigen Recyclingvorgaben zu erreichen ist die Verwendung anorganischer fluoreszierender Markermaterialien. Dieser Tracer‐Based Sorting(TBS)‐Ansatz wird bereits zur PVC‐Mahlgut‐Sortierung eingesetzt. Auf Anti‐Stokes‐Fluoreszenz basierende Markierungsstoffe in ppm‐Konzentrationen schaffen ein System von Sortiercodes, das in Zukunft hochwertige Rezyklate ermöglicht. TBS wird für die Sortierung von Kunststoffverpackungen aus Haushalten entwickelt und getestet.
A process fault diagnosis method using multi‐time scale dynamic feature extraction based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Gao Xinrui , Yang Fan , Feng Enbo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnlike many other techniques used in process control, which are widely applied in practice and play significant roles, abnormal situation management (ASM) still relies heavily on human experience, not least because the problem of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) has not been well addressed. In this paper, a process fault diagnosis method using multi‐time scale dynamic feature extraction based on convolutional neural network (CNN) consisting of similarity measurement, variable ranking, and multi‐time scale dynamic feature extraction is proposed. The CNN‐based model containing the fixed multiple sampling (FMS) layer can extract dynamic characteristics of process data at different time scales. The benchmark Tennessee Eastman (TE) process is used to verify the performance of the proposed method.
Clinical features, complications, and outcomes of exogenous and endogenous catecholamine‐triggered Takotsubo syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 156 published cases
Authors: Y‐Hassan Shams , Falhammar Henrik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInnumerable physical stress factors including externally administered catecholamines, and pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) have been reported to trigger Takotsubo syndrome (TS). A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE identified 156 patients with catecholamine‐induced TS up to December 2017. Data were compared within the catecholamine‐induced TS cohort, but some comparisons were also done to a previously published large all‐TS cohort (n = 1750). The mean age was 46.4 ± 16.4 years (72.3% women). The clinical presentation was dramatic with high complication rates in (68.2%, n = 103; multiple complications 34.6%, n = 54). The most common TS ballooning pattern was apical or mid‐apical (45.2%, n = 69), followed by basal pattern (28.8%, n = 45), global pattern (16.0%, n = 25), mid‐ventricular (8.3%, n = 13), focal (0.6%, n = 1), and unidentified pattern (1.9%, n = 3). There was an increase in the prevalence of apical sparing ballooning pattern compared to all‐TS population (37.7% vs 18.3%, P < .00001). Higher complication rates were observed in TS with global ballooning pattern compared to apical ballooning pattern (23/25, 92% vs 38/65, 58.5%; P = .0022). Higher complication rates were observed in patients with age < 50 years than patients >50 years (73/92, 79.3% vs 29/56, 51.8%, P = 0.0009). Recurrence occurred exclusively in patients with PPGL‐induced TS (18/107 patients, 16.8%). PPGL‐induced TS was characterized by more global ballooning's pattern (22/104, 21.2% vs 3/49, 6.1%, P = 0.02), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (25.54 ± 11.3 vs 31.82 ± 9.93, P = 0.0072) compared to exogenous catecholamine‐induced TS. In conclusion, catecholamine‐induced TS was characterized by a dramatic clinical presentation with extensive left ventricular dysfunction, and high complication rate.