bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Psychotherapy in the German Health Care System: Training Requirements for Psychological Psychotherapists and Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists, Legal Aspects, and Health Care Implementation
Authors: Melcop Nikolaus , von Werder Thomas , Sarubin Nina , Benecke Andrea 
Published: December 2019

In Germany every citizen must acquire either public or private health insurance from companies which then cover the expenses for psychotherapeutic in-patient and out-patient treatments within a given set of regulations. Since the commencement of the Psychotherapists' Law in 1999, psychological psychotherapists and child and adolescent psychotherapists are permitted to diagnose and treat mental disorders with psychotherapy under their own responsibility as a legally defined healing profession. Psychotherapists have to use scientifically approved psychotherapeutic approaches for treatment. The qualification and licensure of psychotherapists are highly regulated by the Psychotherapists' Law, which is currently undergoing a process of change.

2.86 million patients are in outpatient or inpatient psychotherapeutic care per year in Germany, tendency rising.

Psychotherapeutic care is highly regulated, only scientifically approved approaches are admitted.

Psychological and child and adolescent psychotherapists treat patients under their own responsibility.

Future courses of study and advanced training for psychotherapists will be similarly structured to those of the medical profession.

2.86 million patients are in outpatient or inpatient psychotherapeutic care per year in Germany, tendency rising.
Psychotherapeutic care is highly regulated, only scientifically approved approaches are admitted.
Psychological and child and adolescent psychotherapists treat patients under their own responsibility.
Future courses of study and advanced training for psychotherapists will be similarly structured to those of the medical profession.
GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH: IMPLEMENTASI TAHAP PEMBIASAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN LITERASI DI SD SUKOREJO KEDIRI
Authors: Hastuti Sunu , Lestari Nia Agus 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berupaya untuk mendeskripsikan informasi tentang implementasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah di SD Sukorejo Kecamatan Gurah Kabupaten Kediri khususnya pada tahap pembiasaan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data yakni Kepala Sekolah, Guru Kelas dan siswa. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data melalui tiga tahap yakni data reduksi, penyajian data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di SD Sukorejo Gurah Kediri, penerapan literasi masih sampai pada tahap pembiasaan. Upaya sekolah untuk menggiatkan gerakan literasi adalah dengan cara membiasakan membaca buku non pelajaran 15 menit sebelum kelas dimulai, menata lingkungan yang mendukung literasi dan melibatkan mitra dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan literasi. Terdapat beberapa hal yang menjadi faktor pendukung dalam kegiatan ini yakni semangat siswa-siswi dalam membaca buku, terdapat buku pengayaan yang disediakan dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Sedangkan faktor penghambat pembiasaan kegiatan membaca adalah belum optimalnya pelaksanaan gerakan literasi sekolah ini karena belum sepenuhnya rutin dilaksanakan.

ABSTRACT
This study tried to describe about the implementation of School Literacy Movement in Sukorejo Elementary School in Kediri, especially in the process of literacy habituation and development. The research used descriptive qualitative research. Data sources are Principal, Class Teachers and students. Data collection in this study was by observation, interviews and documentation. While the data analysis technique through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The results showed that at SD Sukorejo Gurah Kediri, the application of literacy was still at the stage of habituation and development. The principal tried to intensify the literacy movement are by getting used to read non-lesson books 15 minutes before class starts, arranging an environment that supports literacy and involving partners in the implementation of literacy activities. There are several aspects can support school literacy in this school that are enthusiasm of students in reading books, enrichment books provided and support from various parties. Whereas the inhibiting factor for the habit of reading activities is the not yet optimal implementation of the school literacy movement because it has not been fully routinely implemented.
A “proximidade” nos circuitos de abastecimento de alimentos orgânicos da Grande Florianópolis – SC – Brasil
Authors: Gelbcke Daniele Lima , Rover Oscar José , Brightwell Maria das Graças Santos Luiz , Da Silva Clécio Azevedo , Viegas Mauricio da Trindade 
Published: December 2019

Geographic proximity between food production and consumption has been largely emphasized as positive, but there is little empirical evidence on how short food circuits (especially when they involve retailing) are organized and to what extent they are actually rooted in regional economies. This article seeks to critically examine the geographical and/or relational proximity parameters commonly discussed in the debate about short food circuits, examining the production and commercialization of organic foods in the Greater Florianopolis region, focusing mainly on the regional dimension of this circulation. By bringing empirical evidence - through interviews with actors involved in production, processing and marketing as well as quantitative research in various retail outlets we show that supermarkets are the main distribution channel and that demand for organic manufactured and off-season products is not met by regional sources. Geographic proximity offers advantages both to producers and consumers, such as lower energy costs in transportation, freshness, as well as the possibility of relating directly to consumers. We also found that intermediaries, be it a farmer or a processer, are important players in the social construction of regional markets but extends the number of actors in the chain, increasing the distance between producers and consumers.Keywords: proximity; organics; marketing; short food circuits; Florianópolis.GELBCKE, Daniele Lima; ROVER, Oscar José; BRIGHTWELL, Maria das Graças Santos Luiz; SILVA, Clécio Azevedo da; VIEGAS, Mauricio da Trindade. A “proximidade” nos circuitos de abastecimento de alimentos orgânicos da Grande Florianópolis – SC – Brasil. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 26, n. 3, p. 539-560, out. 2018.Submitted in may 2018.Accepted in september 2018.
Variability in Proto-planetary Nebulae. VI. Multitelescope Light Curve Studies of Several Medium-bright (V = 13–15), Carbon-rich Objects
Authors: Hrivnak Bruce J. , Henson Gary , Hillwig Todd C. , Lu Wenxian , Murphy Brian W. , Kaitchuck Ronald H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present 10 years of new photometric monitoring of the light variability of five evolved stars with strong mid-infrared emission from surrounding dust. Three are known carbon-rich proto-planetary nebulae (PPNe) with F−G spectral types; the nature of the other two was previously unknown. For the three PPNe, we determine or refine the pulsation periods of IRAS 04296+3429 (71 days), 06530−0213 (80 days), and 23304+6147 (84 days). A secondary period was found for each, with a period ratio P

2
/P

1
of 0.9. The light variations are small, 0.1–0.2 mag. These are similar to values found in other PPNe. The other two are found to be giant stars. IRAS 09296+1159 pulsates with a period of only 47 days but reaches pulsational light variations of 0.5 mag. Supplemental spectroscopy reveals the spectrum of a CH carbon star. IRAS 08359−1644 is a G1 III star that does not display pulsational variability; rather, it shows nonperiodic decreases of brightness of up to 0.5 mag over this 10 year interval. These drops in brightness are reminiscent of the light curves of R Corona Borealis variables, but with much smaller decreases in brightness and are likely due to transient dust obscuration. Its spectral energy distribution is very similar to that of the unusual oxygen-rich giant star HDE 233517, which possesses mid-infrared hydrocarbon emission features. These two non-PPNe turn out to be members of the rare group of giant stars with large mid-infrared excesses due to dust, objects which presumably have interesting evolutionary histories.
Testing Cosmic Opacity with the Combination of Strongly Lensed and Unlensed Supernova Ia
Authors: Ma Yu-Bo , Cao Shuo , Zhang Jia , Qi Jingzhao , Liu Tonghua , Liu Yuting , Geng Shuaibo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present a scheme to investigate the opacity of the universe in a cosmological-model-independent way, with the combination of current and future measurements of an SN Ia sample and galactic-scale strong gravitational lensing systems with SNe Ia acting as background sources. The observational data include the current newly compiled SNe Ia data (Pantheon sample) and a simulated sample of SNe Ia observed by the forthcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), which are taken for luminosity distances (D
L) possibly affected by the cosmic opacity, as well as strongly lensed SNe Ia observed by the LSST, which are responsible for providing the observed time-delay distance unaffected by the cosmic opacity. Focusing on only one specific type of standard cosmological probe, this provides an original method to measure cosmic opacity at high precision. Working on the simulated sample of strongly lensed SNe Ia observed by the LSST in the 10 yr z-band search, our results show that, with the combination of the current newly compiled SNe Ia data (Pantheon sample), there is no significant deviation from the transparency of the universe at the current observational data level. Moreover, strongly lensed SNe Ia in a 10 yr LSST z-band search would produce more robust constraints on the validity of cosmic transparency, with a larger sample of unlensed SNe Ia detected in the future LSST survey. We have also discussed the ways in which our methodology could be improved, with the combination of current and future available data in the gravitational wave and electromagnetic domain.
No Evidence for Critical Balance in Field-aligned Alfvénic Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Telloni Daniele , Carbone Francesco , Bruno Roberto , Sorriso-Valvo Luca , Zank Gary P. , Adhikari Laxman , Hunana Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The properties of Alfvénic solar wind turbulence have been studied for decades using spacecraft measurements. In particular, the observation of spectral anisotropy of magnetic fluctuations has stimulated the development of several phenomenological models, one of the most popular being critical balance. However, the experimental validation of these models is intrinsically difficult because of the one-dimensional nature of the measurements provided by spacecraft instrumentation. In this work, a thorough search is performed in the Wind spacecraft database to extract samples of field-aligned fast solar wind, which allow the precise estimation of the parallel spectral properties of the magnetic fluctuations, and of their intermittency. Hilbert spectral analysis is used, in order to eliminate the possible role of nonstationarity and large-scale structures. Our results indicate that the spectral anisotropy predicted by the critical balance theory is not observed in the selected database, thus questioning the validity of the critical balance in the solar wind turbulence. A stochastic process characterized by a −5/3 spectral scaling, which is not necessarily attributed to usual turbulence, as indicated by the absence of intermittency, is indeed observed in the analyzed data samples.
Circumplanetary Disk Dynamics in the Isothermal and Adiabatic Limits
Authors: Fung 馮澤 Jeffrey 之 , Zhu 朱照 Zhaohuan 寰 , Chiang 蔣詒 Eugene 曾 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Circumplanetary disks (CPDs) may be essential to the formation of planets, regulating their spin and accretion evolution. We perform a series of 3D hydrodynamics simulations in both the isothermal and adiabatic limits to systematically measure the rotation rates, sizes, and masses of CPDs as functions of

, the ratio of the planet mass to the disk thermal mass. Our

ranges from 0.1 to 4; for our various disk temperatures, this corresponds to planet masses between one Earth mass and four Jupiter masses. Within this parameter space, we find that isothermal CPDs are disky and bound within ∼10% of the planet’s Bondi radius

, with the innermost

in full rotational support. Adiabatic CPDs are spherical (and therefore not actually “disks”), bound within

, and mainly pressure-supported, with rotation rates scaling linearly with

extrapolation suggests full rotational support of adiabatic envelopes at

. Fast rotation and 3D supersonic flow render isothermal CPDs significantly different in structure from—and orders of magnitude less massive than—their 1D isothermal hydrostatic counterparts. Inside a minimum-mass solar nebula, even a maximally cooled, isothermal CPD around a 10 Earth-mass core may have less than one Earth mass, suggesting that gas giant formation may hinge on angular momentum transport processes in CPDs. Our CPD sizes and masses appear consistent with the regular satellites orbiting solar system giants.
Numerical Simulation on the Propagation and Deflection of Fast Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) Interacting with a Corotating Interaction Region in Interplanetary Space
Authors: Liu Yousheng , Shen Fang , Yang Yi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Previous research has shown that the deflection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in interplanetary space, especially fast CMEs, is a common phenomenon. The deflection caused by the interaction with background solar wind is an important factor to determine whether CMEs could hit Earth or not. As the Sun rotates, there will be interactions between solar wind flows with different speeds. When faster solar wind runs into slower solar wind ahead, it will form a compressive area corotating with the Sun, which is called a corotating interaction region (CIR). These compression regions always have a higher density than the common background solar wind. When interacting with CME, will this make a difference in the deflection process of CME? In this research, first, a three-dimensional (3D) flux-rope CME initialization model is established based on the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) model. Then this CME model is introduced into the background solar wind, which is obtained using a 3D IN (INterplanetary) -TVD-MHD model. The Carrington Rotation (CR) 2154 is selected as an example to simulate the propagation and deflection of fast CME when it interacts with background solar wind, especially with the CIR structure. The simulation results show that: (1) the fast CME will deflect eastward when it propagates into the background solar wind without the CIR; (2) when the fast CME hits the CIR on its west side, it will also deflect eastward, and the deflection angle will increase compared with the situation without CIR.
Generic Regular Black Holes Related to Nonlinear Electrodynamics with Maxwellian Weak-field Limit: Shadows and Images of Keplerian Disks
Authors: Stuchlík Zdeněk , Schee Jan , Ovchinnikov Dmitriy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We study optical phenomena in generic regular, magnetically charged, spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes arising from coupling of the Einstein gravity and nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) with the Maxwellian weak-field limit, where photons follow null geodesics of an effective geometry, directly reflecting the electromagnetic nonlinearity. We compare the motion of photons with that of massless neutrinos, which are not affected directly by nonlinearities of the non-Maxwellian electromagnetic field and follow null geodesics of the background spacetime. We determine shadows of such black holes, compare the time delays of photons and neutrinos moving in their field, and construct images of the Keplerian disks. We demonstrate that in the case of the “Maxwellian” NED black holes the optical phenomena give relevant signatures of the NED effects detectable by GRAVITY or the Event Horizon Telescope, but they are not strong enough to be excluded by recent observations as in the case of regular Bardeen black holes.
A Hot Cusp-shaped Confined Solar Flare
Authors: Hernandez-Perez Aaron , Su Yang , Thalmann Julia , Veronig Astrid M. , Dickson Ewan C. , Dissauer Karin , Joshi Bhuwan , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We analyze a confined flare that developed a hot cusp-like structure high in the corona (H ∼ 66 Mm). A growing cusp-shaped flare arcade is a typical feature in the standard model of eruptive flares, caused by magnetic reconnection at progressively larger coronal heights. In contrast, we observe a static hot cusp during a confined flare. Despite an initial vertical temperature distribution similar to that in eruptive flares, we observe a distinctly different evolution during the late (decay) phase, in the form of prolonged hot emission. The distinct cusp shape, rooted at locations of nonthermal precursor activity, was likely caused by a magnetic field arcade that kinked near the top. Our observations indicate that the prolonged heating was a result of slow local reconnection and an increased thermal pressure near the kinked apexes due to continuous plasma upflows.
Le Discours d’un grand capitaine de Dieppe. Traduction et édition d’un document normand de 1539
Authors: Lelièvre Guillaume 
Published: December 2019

Le Discours d’un grand capitaine de Dieppe (1539) contient des descriptions de quatre territoires aussi différents que la côte de l’Amérique du Nord, celle du Brésil, celle de l’Afrique du cap Vert au Congo (la « Guinée »), et l’île de Sumatra. Il est révélateur des connaissances et de l’expérience acquises par les Normands dans le premier tiers du xvi e siècle sur ces régions. Connu grâce à une version italienne publiée en 1556 par G.B. Ramusio dans ses Navigationi et viaggi , il a fait l’objet de plusieurs éditions-traductions en français et en anglais. Ce document riche mais énigmatique, mal connu, n’est plus utilisé par l’historiographie depuis longtemps. Une nouvelle traduction a permis de mener une nouvelle analyse critique de son contenu, permettant d’aboutir à des hypothèses sur la datation et le contexte de rédaction, ainsi que sur l’identification de l’auteur et du fameux « grand capitaine de Dieppe ». Cette contribution constitue l’étude historique liée à l’édition numérique du texte, avec une annotation scientifique.
Le tuekien des villes d’Artois et de Flandre à la fin du Moyen Âge (1360-1486)
Authors: Beghin Mathieu 
Published: December 2019

Fréquemment mentionné dans les études urbaines concernant le Nord de la France depuis le xix e siècle, le personnage du tuekien n’en demeure pas moins un inconnu. En dehors du nom de cet agent communal et de quelques mentions ponctuelles du quota de ses victimes, on ne sait rien d’autre concernant ce personnage alors que nombre de questions peuvent être formulées à son sujet : qui était-il ? D’où venait-il ? Pourquoi était-il employé ? En quoi consistait son travail ? Comment était-il considéré par la société ? etc. Grâce à l’étude minutieuse des archives de plusieurs villes des comtés d’Artois et de Flandre – principalement celles d’Arras, de Douai, de Lille et de Saint-Omer – il est possible de mieux cerner ce personnage qui fut un acteur important de la sécurisation et de l’assainissement des sociétés urbaines des xiv e et xv e siècles.
La grâce du don. Amour et liberté dans les concessions de subsides par les assemblées représentatives
Authors: Hébert Michel 
Published: December 2019

Le langage de l’amour et celui de la grâce sont au cœur du discours politique des assemblées représentatives de la fin du Moyen Âge. L’analyse des occurrences de ces termes, principalement dans les actes des états généraux de Provence, révèle à la fois l’importance de la liberté qui se rattache à l’octroi de subside « gracieux » et celle d’une caritas , ciment du lien social et d’un corps mystique unissant dans une relation fondamentalement inégalitaire le prince et ses sujets.
Pouvoir royal et absolutisme dans la première modernité espagnole : lecture critique de la théorie politique de Diego de Covarrubias
Authors: Demelemestre Gaëlle 
Published: December 2019

Les scolastiques et juristes espagnols du siècle d’or incarnent une forte tradition de contestation de l’absolutisme et de l’autoritarisme. Un des axes de leurs travaux est centré sur la question de savoir comment institutionnaliser le pouvoir pour garantir l’intérêt commun. Cette recherche est au cœur de l’œuvre d’un des plus grands juristes et théoriciens de l’Espagne de Philippe II, Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva (1512-1577), qui a conjugué durant sa vie un travail scientifique de grande ampleur et une forte implication dans les affaires de la cité. Il a mis sa science au service du royaume en assumant des postes à responsabilité, tout en composant en parallèle des traités importants résolvant par le droit les principaux points de litige politiques de son temps. On lui doit en particulier une réflexion sur les dangers de l’absolutisme princier, qui débouche sur une théorisation du pouvoir d’État encadré par le droit. Covarrubias n’ayant pas écrit de traité politique à proprement parler, nous proposons de la dégager par une approche critique et une lecture croisée de ses œuvres, en portant une attention particulière à sa méthode démonstrative.
Les maillons forts des entreprises
Authors: Giguère Isabelle 
Published: December 2019

Même si l’être humain travaille en équipe depuis le début de l’humanité, l’intérêt pour le sujet est loin de s’essouffler. Au contraire, la question traditionnelle « Pour qui travaillez-vous ? » est maintenant devenue celle-ci : « Avec qui travaillez-vous 1 ? » Le travail en équipe occupe aujourd’hui une place centrale dans le fonctionnement des organisations. État de la situation avec une experte de HEC Montréal dans ce domaine.
Inspirer pour performer
Authors: Brunelle Éric , Lauzon-Marques Dominic 
Published: December 2019

On emploie souvent des métaphores sportives pour décrire le monde de la gestion. Mais attention : elles cachent certains pièges quand vient le temps de transférer les apprentissages et les pratiques au monde du travail. Malgré tout, le sport met en lumière certains modèles de leadership innovants et susceptibles d’inspirer de nouvelles approches en matière de gestion d’équipe.
L’entreprise progressiste : une nouvelle façon de concevoir la gouvernance
Authors: Coupet André , Carpentier Philippe 
Published: December 2019

Convaincus que la maximisation de la valeur au seul bénéfice des actionnaires a créé d’immenses déséquilibres économiques et sociaux tout en ne garantissant pas l’utilisation optimale des ressources disponibles sur la planète, de plus en plus de dirigeants se tournent vers de nouveaux modèles d’entreprise, donnant ainsi un nouveau souffle aux principes mêmes de la gouvernance. Bienvenue à l’ère de l’entreprise progressiste !
Quand l’humour fait vendre !
Authors: Lussier Bruno , Gril Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2019

Lorsqu’il est bien utilisé, l’humour facilite nos rapports avec les autres. Mais qu’en est-il dans un contexte de vente ? Peut-il favoriser les activités de marketing destinées à établir, à développer et à maintenir de bonnes relations d’affaires ? Peut-il améliorer les performances des vendeurs ? Petite incursion dans un univers peu exploré.
On a lu pour vous – Comment maîtriser son juge intérieur, de Susan Mackenty Brady
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam 
Published: December 2019

Pour Susan Mackenty Brady, la « critique intérieure », cette petite voix qui nous dit qu’on est nul ou qu’il est inutile de tenter sa chance, est le pire ennemi des femmes dans l’avancement de leur carrière. Mais comment trouver le chemin de la confiance intérieure ?