bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proposal for enhanced EU herbage VCU and DUS testing procedures
Authors: Gilliland Trevor J. , Annicchiarico Paolo , Julier Bernadette , Ghesquière Marc 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerbage production is regarded as having environment‐friendly credentials. However, as the ruminant production it supports is facing major challenges on sustainability, environmental footprint and human health concerns, EU herbage cultivar testing must contribute to the solutions. Before new cultivars can be sold in a member state (MS) and gain EU‐wide marketing, they must pass official tests to prove they are both novel (distinct, uniform and stable, DUS) with improved value for cultivation and use (VCU). Herbage species present specific challenges, as their allogamy imposes a wide within‐cultivar variation that adds complexity to DUS tests and their “value” is only realized in ruminant produce. Current VCU systems measure production, chemical composition and disease/stress tolerances, often on large numbers of candidate cultivars, but prohibitive labour costs and logistics mean that animal intake, ruminant output or environmental benefits cannot be measured directly. Furthermore, some candidate cultivars with proven superior VCU fail DUS even though the non‐distinct comparison is with a significantly lower performing registered cultivar. To resolve these problem cases, a “vmDUS” distinctness tool is proposed, which uses molecular markers but conforms to UPOV‐declared principles. A short overview of current grassland research shows smart proxy measures of animal value can easily and quickly be adopted into an integrated pan‐European (EU‐VCU) test network. The proposed EU‐VCU scheme will reallocate test resources to conduct these additional tests by placing MS in data sharing collaborations, while retaining their national listing authority. The benefits to all stakeholders from adopting these new testing procedures are considered.
Clinical observations in very elderly patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan
Authors: Rui Li , Sirui Li , Xuebei Du , Xujun Ye , Yanggan Wang 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundIn December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) started in Wuhan, and is now causing a worldwide pandemic. However, the experience in very elderly patients is very limited, which has important implications for the investigation of hospital infection in medical and health institutions.MethodsSeven patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection in the Department of Geriatrics at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were included. Clinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Laboratory tests and chest computed tomography (CT) images from the patients before and after the COVID‐19 infection were compared.ResultsThe median age of patients was 91 years old (87–96). Six patients had pneumonia in the last 6 months. Dyspnea occurred in one patient 64 h after the onset of the disease. In the other six patients, minor fatigue with low fever were the only other manifestations of the disease. Lymphopenia and a significant reduction in plasma globulin level was observed compared with levels before the onset of the disease. None had typical chest CT phenotypes during the early stage, except the critically ill patient mentioned who had developed “white lung” and then died. One patient even showed absorption of inflammation compared with previous hypostatic pneumonia.ConclusionsThe ratio of fatal cases in very elderly patients with COVID‐19 is no higher than that reported in non‐elderly patients was, and probably due to a low immune response. However, the elderly patients manifested minor clinical symptoms and atypical changes in chest CT images, which usually lead to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 709–714.
An assessment of poverty determinants in U.S. census tracts, 1970–2010
Authors: Gayán‐Navarro Carlos , Sanso‐Navarro Marcos , Sanz‐Gracia Fernando 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the determinants of poverty in the U.S. at the census tract level. By proceeding in this way, potential aggregation errors that may occur when using larger areas as the unit of observation are avoided. Our empirical analysis exploits a geographically consistent data set covering the period 1970–2010 and all metropolitan statistical areas. The estimations have been carried out using a system generalized method of moments framework for dynamic panels. Our results show that poverty is a persistent phenomenon, especially in tracts with higher levels. Those variables with a more robust relationship with poverty reflect labor market conditions. We also obtain evidence of a higher vulnerability of women to poverty. These findings have been framed within the debate about the optimal design of local development strategies. The main conclusion drawn is that place‐based and person‐centered policies can be considered as complementary rather than as substitutes.
Perceived age and perceived health among a Chinese cohort: Does it mean the same thing?
Authors: Messaraa C. , Richard T. J. C. , Walsh M. , Doyle L. , O’Connor C. , Robertson N. , Mansfield A. , Hurley S. , Mavon A. , Grenz A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsPrevious investigations have aimed at investigating parameters affecting age perception on several ethnicities. Perceived health has been a newer focus on Caucasian skin, yet little is known on the skin features used to estimate the health status of Chinese women and we aimed to investigate whether these cues are the same as those used for age perception.MethodsAge and health appearance of 276 Chinese female volunteers were estimated from their photographs by 1025 female naïve Chinese graders 20–69 years old. Models were built to predict perceived age and health from topographic, colour and biophysical measured variables, in two subsets of the studied volunteers: below and above 50 years. Machine learning‐based predictive models for age and health perception were built on the collected data, and the interpretability of the models was established by measuring feature importance.ResultsAge perception was mostly driven by topographic features, particularly eye bags and eyelid sagging in the group below 50 years old. Wrinkles, notably from the lower part of the face and oval of the lower face, were found to be more relevant in the group above 50 years. Health appearance was primarily signalled by skin imperfections and global pigmentation in the subset below 50 years, whereas colour‐related parameters and skin hydration acted as health cues for the subset above 50 years.ConclusionDistinct skin features were acting as cues for age perception and/or health perception and varied per age subset. Their contribution should be borne in mind when designing products for ‘younger looking skin’ and ‘healthier looking skin’.
Fabrication of ZnO–GO hybrid for enhancement of chemically bonded phosphate ceramic coatings corrosion protection performance on AISI304L stainless steel
Authors: Tang Hao , Liu Yaxuan , Bian Da , Guo Yongxin , Zhao Yongwu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a solvothermal method is used to prepare nano‐sized zinc oxide‐graphene oxide (ZnO–GO) hybrid, and the ZnO–GO hybrid is characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis, Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, chemically bonded phosphate ceramics coatings with different content of ZnO–GO hybrid are prepared on the stainless steel through the sol‐gel method. The corrosion performance of the coatings is evaluated by electrochemical properties and the analysis of the surface and cross morphology of the coating. Results indicate ZnO–GO hybrid significantly enhances the compactness and corrosive behavior of the coating because the overlapping structure of GO flake improves the barrier performance of the coating. Besides, ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of GO can react with aluminum dihydrogen phosphate binder, in that case the adhesion between GO and the coating is improved.
Consumer perception of packaging: An eye‐tracking study of gluten‐free cookies
Authors: Sielicka‐Różyńska Maria , Jerzyk Ewa , Gluza Natalia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe growing interest in gluten‐free products makes it crucial to understand the mechanism of consumers' perception of gluten‐free claims. Due to the limited research measuring the influence of the type (verbal/nonverbal), number and location of gluten‐free statements on product labels on visual attention and consumers' purchase decisions, the main aim of this research was to evaluate the perception of gluten‐free claims and the Crossed Grain symbol on cookie packages of both consumers who are on a gluten‐free diet and those who are not. To that end, a questionnaire survey (600 respondents) and an eye‐tracking study (67 respondents) were carried out. The results showed that the respondents are aware of the basic rules of gluten‐free products' labelling, but 32% of those on the diet claimed that the products were not labelled properly. The analysis proved (p < .05) the significant relation between the number of gluten‐free claims and consumers' purchase intention. The respondents paid more attention to verbal gluten‐free claims than to nonverbal ones on packaging (p < .05). In the case of the Crossed Grain symbol, addition of verbal statement strengthened the information and decreased the respondents' level of uncertainty about a given product, which is important, especially for people newly adopting the diet. No difference in the visual attention to gluten‐free statements between the followers and non‐followers of the diet was found (p > .05), which allowed us to conclude that the perception of gluten‐free claims is an automatic process. These results suggest that designing product labels by considering the information architecture concerning gluten may help strengthen consumers' attitudes towards gluten‐free products and impact buying behaviour.
Effects of ultraviolet‐C irradiation on the physicochemical properties of polysaccharide films prepared from the stalk base of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Han Hee‐Seon , Song Kyung Bin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe effects of ultraviolet (UV)‐C irradiation on the physicochemical properties of oyster mushroom polysaccharide (OMP) films were investigated. The prepared OMP films were subjected to UV‐C treatment (5.4 kJ m−2). UV‐C irradiation increased the tensile strength and decreased the water vapour permeability of the OMP films. In addition, the incorporation of 1.0% Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CTLE) enhanced the antioxidant activity as well as antimicrobial activity of OMP films; however, UV‐C treatment did not affect the activities of films containing CTLE. Furthermore, UV‐C‐irradiated films had higher contact angles than non‐irradiated films, indicating increased surface hydrophobicity. Microstructural imaging revealed that UV‐C treatment caused the surface of treated films to be smoother than that of untreated films owing to surface degradation. These results indicated that UV‐C irradiation can be used for OMP films to improve film properties that are associated with application of films as food packaging material.
Effects of microwave heating, steaming, boiling and baking on the structure and functional properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) protein isolates
Authors: Wang Lei , Dong Ji‐lin , Zhu Ying‐ying , Shen Rui‐ling , Wu Li‐gen , Zhang Kang‐yi 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe effects of microwave heating (MW), steaming (SM), boiling (BL) and baking (BK) on the structure and functional properties of quinoa protein isolates (QPI) were investigated. SDS‐PAGE showed the 20–30 kDa band strength of QPI‐BL was enhanced, which indicated the disulphide bond was broken and protein molecules dissociated. Due to the recombination of subunits, some large molecular weight or insoluble polymer components of QPI‐SM and QPI‐BK did not pass through the gel. Microwave heating and boiling showed negative effects for α‐helix and positive effects for β‐sheet, which implied the molecular structure was transformed from ordered to disordered, the secondary structure became loose. The reduction of free SH (sulfhydryl) and surface hydrophobicity implied that aggregation and cross‐linking of protein molecules for QPI‐SM and QPI‐BK. QPI, QPI‐MW and QPI‐BL exhibited better solubility, which was related to the water holding capacity (WHC) and emulsification. For QPI‐SM and QPI‐BK, functional properties (including solubility, WHC and gel‐forming ability) decreased due to molecular aggregation. Heat treatments significantly affect the structure and functional properties of QPI, the current research showed that microwave heating and boiling might be better heat treatment methods for QPI and would help the development of quinoa protein products.
A role for human leucocyte antigens in the susceptibility to SARS‐Cov‐2 infection observed in transplant patients
Authors: Poulton Kay , Wright Paul , Hughes Pamela , Savic Sinisa , Welberry Smith Matthew , Guiver Malcolm , Morton Muir , van Dellen David , Tholouli Eleni , Wynn Robert , Clark Brendan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe analysed data from 80 patients who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA who had previously been HLA typed to support transplantation. Data were combined from two adjacent centres in Manchester and Leeds to achieve a sufficient number for early analysis. HLA frequencies observed were compared against two control populations: first, against published frequencies in a UK deceased donor population (n = 10,000) representing the target population of the virus, and second, using a cohort of individuals from the combined transplant waiting lists of both centres (n = 308), representing a comparator group of unaffected individuals of the same demographic. We report a significant HLA association with HLA‐ DQB1*06 (53% vs. 36%; p < .012; OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.94–3.22) and infection. A bias towards an increased representation of HLA‐A*26, HLA‐DRB1*15, HLA‐DRB1*10 and DRB1*11 was also noted but these were either only significant using the UK donor controls, or did not remain significant after correction for multiple tests. Likewise, HLA‐A*02, HLA‐B*44 and HLA‐C*05 may exert a protective effect, but these associations did not remain significant after correction for multiple tests. This is relevant information for the clinical management of patients in the setting of the current SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and potentially in risk‐assessing staff interactions with infected patients.
Templated grain growth of high coercive field CuO‐doped textured PYN‐PMN‐PT ceramics
Authors: Brova Michael J. , Watson Beecher H. , Walton Rebecca L. , Kupp Elizabeth R. , Fanton Mark A. , Meyer Richard J. , Messing Gary L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the templated grain growth and texturing of Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3‐Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PYN‐PMN‐PT) ceramics. A PbO‐CuO liquid phase was determined to substantially increase the growth of PYN‐PMN‐PT on barium titanate template particles. Texturing resulted in an 83% enhancement in strain behavior (754 pm/V) compared with random PYN‐PMN‐PT ceramics (413 pm/V). The increased Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3 (PYN) content of textured 21PYN‐41PMN‐38PT resulted in a high coercive field of 13.9 kV/cm. Residual barium titanate templates reduced the polarization from 33.7 to 26.2 µC/cm2 and slightly decreased the Curie temperature (236‐224°C). These results show that textured PYN‐PMN‐PT is a promising material for high strain and coercive field transducers.
Microstructure and gas permeation performance of porous silicon nitride ceramics with unidirectionally aligned channels
Authors: Li Xueqing , Yao Dongxu , Zuo Kaihui , Xia Yongfeng , Yin Jinwei , Liang Hanqin , Zeng Yu‐Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPorous Si3N4 ceramics with unidirectionally aligned channels were prepared via freezing ceramics suspension with distinct solid contents under different freezing temperatures. The samples obtained using lower solid content in ceramic suspension at higher freezing temperature exhibit larger Darcian and non‐Darcian constants due to their higher open porosity, larger pore size and lower tortuosity. Moreover the investigation on individual contributions of viscous energy losses and inertial energy losses on the total pressure drop during permeation process indicates that with decreasing the solid content or the freezing temperature the viscous energy losses increase but the inertial energy losses decrease for samples owing to the differences in their pore structures. It is worth mentioning that porous Si3N4 ceramics with unidirectionally aligned channels exhibit larger Darcian and non‐Darcian constants than those with similar pore size distributions and open porosity owing to their lower tortuosity, thus rendering them appropriate for filters and membrane supports.
As time goes by: 20 years of changes in the aquatic macroinvertebrate metacommunity of Mediterranean river networks
Authors: Cañedo‐Argüelles Miguel , Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano , Acosta Raúl , Castro‐López Daniel , Cid Núria , Fortuño Pau , Munné Antoni , Múrria Cesc , Pimentão Ana Rita , Sarremejane Romain , Soria Maria , Tarrats Pol , Verkaik Iraima , Prat Narcís , Bonada Núria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo analyse temporal metacommunity dynamics in river networks in relation to hydrological conditions and dispersal.LocationFifteen river reaches from the Llobregat, Besòs and Foix catchments in the North‐Eastern Iberian Peninsula.TaxonAquatic macroinvertebrates belonging to 99 different families.MethodsWe sampled aquatic macroinvertebrate communities during spring in 20 consecutive years. We built two environmental distances (one related with water chemistry and another one with river flow regime) and two spatial distances (network distance and topographic distance). Then we used Mantel tests (accounting for spatial autocorrelation) to relate macroinvertebrate dissimilarity with environmental and spatial distances. Additionally, we determined the dry and wet years using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and we classified macroinvertebrate families based on their ability to fly and to drift. Finally, we ran a linear regression model including the correlation value (r) of each Mantel test as response variable and distance type (environmental or spatial), SPI, dispersal mode, their pairwise interactions and a three‐way interaction as predictor variables.ResultsMetacommunity organization varied over time and it was significantly affected by precipitation, which can be related to river network connectivity. The environmental filters, mainly the flow regime, were generally more important than the spatial filters in explaining community dissimilarity over the study period. However, this depended on the dispersal abilities of the organisms. Network fragmentation due to flow intermittence during the dry years significantly reduced the dispersal capacity of strong aerial dispersers, leading to spatially structured metacommunities. For strong drift dispersers, community dissimilarity patterns were generally best explained by environmental filters regardless of SPI.Main conclusionsA significant temporal variation in metacommunity organization can be expected in highly dynamic systems (e.g. Mediterranean rivers) and it might depend on the dispersal modes and abilities of the organisms, since they determine the response to changes in environmental and landscape filters.
LIX1 regulates YAP activity and controls gastrointestinal cancer cell plasticity
Authors: Guérin Amandine , Martire Delphine , Trenquier Eva , Lesluyes Tom , Sagnol Sébastien , Pratlong Marine , Lefebvre Elise , Chibon Fréderic , de Santa Barbara Pascal , Faure Sandrine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract, result from deregulated proliferation of transformed KIT‐positive interstitial cells of Cajal that share mesenchymal progenitors with smooth muscle cells. Despite the identification of selective KIT inhibitors, primary resistance and relapse remain a major concern. Moreover, most patients develop resistance partly through reactivation of KIT and its downstream signalling pathways. We previously identified the Limb Expression 1 (LIX1) gene as a unique marker of digestive mesenchyme immaturity. We also demonstrated that LIX1 regulates mesenchymal progenitor proliferation and differentiation by controlling the Hippo effector YAP1, which is constitutively activated in many sarcomas. Therefore, we wanted to determine LIX1 role in GIST development. We found that LIX1 is strongly up‐regulated in GIST samples and this is associated with unfavourable prognosis. Moreover, LIX1 controls GIST cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Upon LIX1 inactivation in GIST cells, YAP1/TAZ activity is reduced, KIT (the GIST signature) is down‐regulated, and cells acquire smooth muscle lineage features. Our data highlight LIX1 role in digestive mesenchyme‐derived cell‐fate decisions and identify this novel regulator as a target for drug design for GIST treatment by influencing its differentiation status.
Role of aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) in the cancer process and its therapeutic potential
Authors: Khayami Reza , Hashemi Seyyed Reza , Kerachian Mohammad Amin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe role of aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) in cancer is not totally clear but growing evidence is suggesting to have a great impact on cancer progression. AKR1B1 could participate in a complicated network of signalling pathways, proteins and miRNAs such as mir‐21 mediating mechanisms like inflammatory responses, cell cycle, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell survival and apoptosis. AKR1B1 has been shown to be mostly overexpressed in cancer. This overexpression has been associated with inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), cell cycle mediators such as cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), survival proteins and pathways like mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase B (PKB) or AKT, and other regulatory factors in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prostaglandin synthesis. In addition, inhibition of AKR1B1 has been shown to mostly have anti‐cancer effects. Several studies have also suggested that AKR1B1 inhibition as an adjuvant therapy could render tumour cells more sensitive to anti‐cancer therapy or alleviate the adverse effects of therapy. AKR1B1 could also be considered as a potential cancer diagnostic biomarker since its promoter has shown high levels of methylation. Although pre‐clinical investigations on the role of AKR1B1 in cancer and the application of its inhibitors have shown promising results, the lack of clinical studies on AKR1B1 inhibitors has hampered the use of these drugs to treat cancer. Thus, there is a need to conduct more clinical studies on the application of AKR1B1 inhibitors as adjuvant therapy on different cancers.