bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF MULTIMEDIA AS AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE ELEMENTARY TEACHER EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM COLLEGE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ABILITY AND CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS IN FOLLOWING SCIENCE STUDY COURSES
Authors: Suchyadi Yudhie , Safitri Nurlinda , Sunardi Oding 
Published: October 2020

The research objective was to improve the understanding and creative thinking skills of elementary teacher education college student as prospective teachers in following science courses. The research design used is to make college student groups into small groups. During the learning process, observations about college student cooperation during learning with multimedia media were carried out to assess their understanding and creative thinking skills. The results of the observations of each cycle were evaluated as material for reflection in the next cycle to improve college student understanding and creative thinking skills in accordance with predetermined targets. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive quantitative. From the results of the T-test, it was found that there were significant differences. This means that understanding of concepts and Science Process Skills increases after prospective teacher college student experience the science learning process using multimedia learning media. From the results, the average value of understanding the concept increased from 53.61 % to 89.78%. and science process skills increased the average value from 43.57 to 87.32. 92% of college student gave a positive response, namely agreeing and strongly agreeing that the science lecture process using multimedia learning media can improve science process skills and understanding of material in science subjects for elementary teacher education college student
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU SAKU MATERI MAMALIA DI TAMAN MARGASATWA RAGUNAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA
Authors: Awaludin Muhamad Taufik , Rostikawati R. Teti 
Published: October 2020

DEVELOPMENT OF MAMALIA MATERIAL POCKET BOOKS IN RAGUNAN PARGARS TO IMPROVE STUDENT'S CONCEPT MASTERAbstract. This study aims to develop a pocket book in learning biology in order to increase students 'enthusiasm for learning and is an effort to improve students' mastery of concepts. The research was carried out on class X high school students. Data collection was carried out at Ragunan Wildlife Park, Jakarta. The research was carried out in the even semester of the 2019/2020 school year, January to June 2020. The method used in this study was the R&#38;D research and development method using the 4-D (Four D) model, namely Define, Design (Design). , Develop (Development), and Disseminate (Spread). The development of teaching materials is carried out in two stages, namely: Expert Validation and Revision of Learning Media. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the pocket book Mammals of the Primate order which was developed with the define, design, develop stage has met the components that are in accordance with KD in the 2013 curriculum, the language used is easy to understand, the presentation of a pocket book that is full of color and the images shown are very supportive of the material. learning so that it can attract the reader's attention. The Primate Order Mammals pocket book shows valid results and is suitable for use in biology learning. The average value of expert validation from the content / content aspect was 83.5%, the language aspect was 83%, and the presentation aspect was 82.5%.
Prescribers or Multidisciplinarians? An Evaluation of Brief Education for General Practitioners on Chronic Pain Management
Authors: Holliday Simon Mark , Hayes Chris , Jones Lester Edmund , Gordon Jill , Fraser Catherine , Harris Newman , Nicholas Michael , Holder Carl , Oldmeadow Christopher , Magin Parker 
Published: October 2020

Purpose Active pain self-management (PSM) for patients with chronic pain is assumed to require multidisciplinary care, leaving prescribing analgesics the most accessible option for general practitioners (GPs). We sought to upskill GPs in multimodalPSM with a harm minimisation approach for any opioid prescribing. Design and Methodology Having developed an educational training resource, a multidisciplinary team delivered the program to attendees at a GP conference in 2017. The educational package comprised pre-readings, a 6-hour interactive, skills-based workshop, and post-workshop resources. The single-group intervention was evaluated with an original and unvalidated pre/post-test (three months) survey of four domains: knowledge; attitudes; utilisation of strategies involving PSM and opioid harm minimization. Paired t-tests were conducted on each domain score and overall, with effect sizes assessed with Cohen’s d. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the data lacking a post-test survey response. Post-survey scores were imputed via chained regression equations, then paired t-tests analyses were conducted on imputed datasets using Rubin's method to pool estimates. FindingsOf 99 participants, 33 returned both surveys for primary analysis. These were combined in the sensitivity analysis with 60 unpaired surveys. Internal consistency was modest (Cronbach’s alpha 0.736). Primary analysis demonstrated significant self-reported improvements in each educational domain with overall score increasing 10.54 points out of 130 (p<0.001 Cohen’s d 1.11). Improvements were similar in a sensitivity analysis. Discussion, Limitations and Conclusions This study found that a brief GP educational package may be a viable intervention for facilitating PSM and promoting safer prescribing strategies. Outcomes at three months, from this unvalidated survey instrument, suggest improvements in knowledge, attitudes and self-reported facilitation of PSM and opioid prescribing. As this study did not measure clinician behaviour or patient outcomes objectively, further educational research is indicated to confirm these findings and identify how best to deliver chronic pain management training.
From the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Nair Kichu 
Published: October 2020

Welcome to the 3rd Volume, 1st Issue of Health Education in Practice: Journal of Research for Professional Learning This is my first editorial. Let me thank David Schmidt for keeping everything in order and working beyond his call of duty in these difficult times. I do hope he will continue to work with us and bring in his corporate memory to provide ongoing support and leadership to the Journal. I would also like to thank Mark Parton who has provided his expertise in a copyediting capacity and has been critical to the behind the scenes work of the journal. This issue reflects the philosophy of HETI – Interprofessional care and education. The first paper by Simon Holliday and colleagues is about prescribing for chronic pain which is a major issue in our community. They have shown how to provide a multifaceted pain management program and how the General Practitioners can be upskilled. Triage nurses have to be efficient and effective in running our emergency rooms. Thawley and colleagues have done a survey of educational needs of triage nurses and have come up with some interesting suggestions to improve patient safety and outcomes. For optimum patient care, we need allied health professionals who are fit to practice. Farlie and colleagues have explored strategies for this. Simulation training is the way we prepare students for the future in many curricula. Ryall et al explore MASK-ED for physiotherapy students to make simulation more authentic. We look forward to their next paper on this protocol. I do hope in these challenging times, you are all keeping well, both physically and mentallyAs somebody said, ask your colleagues, what matters to you and not what is the matter with you. We are all together, in this difficult COVID times.
La libertad de imprenta en las Cortes y en la Constitución de Cádiz de 1812
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez José Julio 
Published: October 2020

La libertad de imprenta fue una de las cuestiones más importantes incorporadas en la Constitución de Cádiz de 1812, representando una ruptura con el antiguo régimen conservador, y la asunción de los valores del liberalismo que permiten la intervención del pueblo en la esfera pública sin control previo de los órganos de poder, procurando con dicho paso inicial el cambio del sistema político. Ante la oposición de los sectores conservadores, supuso el punto inicial para la defensa iusnaturalista de una serie de derechos fundamentales y libertades públicas del hombre por el solo hecho de ser hombre.
En todo este proceso hacia la consolidación del liberalismo como alternativa de nuevo sistema político, la prensa escrita jugó un papel de suma importancia, ya que permitió la difusión de las nuevas ideas e informaciones a favor del pueblo y de allí la gran importancia que tuvo la libertad de imprenta para lograr más adelante dicha consolidación.
Use of Bamboo Vinegar as an Alternative to Control Downy Mildew in Maize
Authors: Habibullah Muhammad , Suhendra Danes 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Downy mildew control using pesticides has been used intensively and led to the onset of resistant strains. This research aims to find out the effect of bamboo vinegar administration on disease incidence, disease severity, disease progression, and growth of maize.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted from June to August 2020 in the laboratory and Screenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tidar. The experiment was experimentally conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments with 6. are plants. In each polybag used there are 3 maize so there are 54 plants tested. The treatment tested is of bamboo vinegar and maydis (negative control), of bamboo vinegar with inoculation P. maydis (positive control), application bamboo vinegar 2 ml l-1 with inoculation P. maydis. Observations on the agronomic influence of maize covering height, , and dry weight were analyzed using ANOVA at a significance of 5% followed by LSD test at the same real level using software R v. 4.0.2.
Results: Bamboo vinegar showed lignification in the treatment of stronger bamboo vinegar in corn leaf tissue, did not decrease in disease incidence, but decreased the disease severity by 22.18% and decreased disease the progression by 34.74% based on AUDPC value. The growth of maize, bamboo vinegar-treated shows values are not significant negative control.
Exploring Hydrodynamic Instabilities along the Infalling High-velocity Cloud Complex A
Authors: Barger Kathleen A. , Nidever David L. , Huey-You Cannan , Lehner Nicolas , Rueff Katherine , Freeman Paris , Birdwell Amber , Wakker Bart P. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Benjamin Robert , Ciampa Drew A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Complex A is a high-velocity cloud (HVC) that is traversing through the Galactic halo toward the Milky Way’s disk. We combine both new and archival Green Bank Telescope observations to construct a spectroscopically resolved H i 21 cm map of this entire complex at a

17.1
≲
log
(

N

H

I
,
1
σ

/

cm

−
2

)
≲
17.9

sensitivity for a

FWHM
=
20

km

s

−
1

line and Δθ = 9.′1 or 17 ≲ Δd

θ
≲ 30 pc spatial resolution. We find that Complex A has a Galactic standard of rest frame velocity gradient of

Δ

v

GSR

/

Δ
L
=
25

km

s

−
1

kpc

−
1

along its length, that it is decelerating at a rate of

〈
a

〉

GSR

=
55

km

yr

−
2

, and that it will reach the Galactic plane in Δt ≲ 70 Myr if it can survive the journey. We have identified numerous signatures of gas disruption. The elongated and multi-core structure of Complex A indicates that either thermodynamic instabilities or shock-cascade processes have fragmented this stream. We find Rayleigh–Taylor fingers on the low-latitude edge of this HVC; many have been pushed backward by ram pressure stripping. On the high-latitude side of the complex, Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities have generated two large wings that extend tangentially off Complex A. The tips of these wings curve slightly forward in the direction of motion and have an elevated H i column density, indicating that these wings are forming Rayleigh–Taylor globules at their tips and that this gas is becoming entangled with unseen vortices in the surrounding coronal gas. These observations provide new insights on the survivability of low-metallicity gas streams that are accreting onto L
⋆ galaxies.
A Measurement of the Hubble Constant Using Gravitational Waves from the Binary Merger GW190814
Authors: Vasylyev Sergiy S. , Filippenko Alexei V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a test of the statistical method introduced by Bernard F. Shutz in 1986 using only gravitational waves to infer the Hubble constant (H0) from GW190814, the first high-probability neutron-star–black hole (NS–BH) merger candidate detected by the Laser Interferometer gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo interferometer. We apply a baseline test of this method to the binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 and find

km s−1 Mpc−1 (maximum a posteriori and 68.3% highest density posterior interval) for a galaxy B-band luminosity threshold of

with a correction for catalog incompleteness. Repeating the calculation for GW190814, we obtain

km s−1 Mpc−1 and

km s−1 Mpc−1 for

and

, respectively. Combining the posteriors for both events yields

km s−1 Mpc−1, demonstrating the improvement on constraints when using multiple gravitational-wave events. We also confirm the results of other works that adopt this method, showing that increasing the L

B
threshold enhances the posterior structure and slightly shifts the distribution’s peak to higher H0 values.We repeat the joint inference using the low-spin PhenomPNRT and the newly available combined (SEOBNRv4PHM + IMRPhenomPv3HM) posterior samples for GW170817 and GW190814, respectively, achieving a tighter constraint of

km s−1 Mpc−1.
Constraining Low-luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Ray Sources Using GRB 060218 as a Proxy
Authors: Samuelsson Filip , Bégué Damien , Ryde Felix , Pe’er Asaf , Murase Kohta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the connection between low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (llGRBs) and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) using the canonical low-luminosity GRB 060218 as a proxy. We focus on the consequential synchrotron emission from electrons that are coaccelerated in the UHECR acceleration region, comparing this emission to observations. Both the prompt and afterglow phases are considered. For the prompt phase, we assume the coaccelerated electrons are injected with a power-law distribution instantaneously (without additional heating or reacceleration), which results in bright optical-UV emission in tension with observations. For the afterglow phase, we constrain the total kinetic energy of the blast wave by comparing electron thermal synchrotron radiation to available radio data at ∼ 3 days. Considering mildly relativistic outflows with bulk Lorentz factor Γ ≳ 2 (slower transrelativistic outflows are not treated), we find that the limited available energy does not allow for GRB 060218-like afterglows to be the main origin of UHECRs. This analysis independently constrains the prompt phase as a major UHECR source as well, given that the prompt energy budget is comparable to that of the afterglow kinetic energy. More generally, our study demonstrates that synchrotron emission from thermal electrons is a powerful diagnostic of the physics of mildly relativistic shocks.
Forward Modeling of Particle Acceleration and Transport in an Individual Solar Flare
Authors: Gordovskyy Mykola , Browning Philippa K. , Inoue Satoshi , Kontar Eduard P. , Kusano Kanya , Vekstein Grigory E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to generate maps of the hard X-ray emission produced by energetic electrons in a solar flare and compare them with observations. The ultimate goal is to test the viability of the combined MHD/test-particle approach for data-driven modeling of active events in the solar corona and their impact on the heliosphere. Based on an MHD model of X-class solar flare observed on 2017 September 8, we calculate trajectories of a large number of electrons and protons using the relativistic guiding-center approach. Using the obtained particle trajectories, we deduce the spatial and energy distributions of energetic electrons and protons, and calculate bremsstrahlung hard X-ray emission using the “thin-target” approximation. Our approach predicts some key characteristics of energetic particles in the considered flare, including the size and location of the acceleration region, energetic particle trajectories and energy spectra. Most importantly, the hard X-ray bremsstrahlung intensity maps predicted by the model are in good agreement with those observed by RHESSI. Furthermore, the locations of proton and electron precipitation appear to be close to the sources of helioseismic response detected in this flare. Therefore, the adopted approach can be used for observationally driven modeling of individual solar flares, including manifestations of energetic particles in the corona, as well as the inner heliosphere.
Cosmicflows-4: The Catalog of ∼10,000 Tully–Fisher Distances
Authors: Kourkchi Ehsan , Tully R. Brent , Eftekharzadeh Sarah , Llop Jordan , Courtois Hélène M. , Guinet Daniel , Dupuy Alexandra , Neill James D. , Seibert Mark , Andrews Michael , Chuang Juana , Danesh Arash , Gonzalez Randy , Holthaus Alexandria , Mokelke Amber , Schoen Devin , Urasaki Chase 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present the distances of 9792 spiral galaxies lying within 15,000 km s−1 using the relation between luminosity and rotation rate of spiral galaxies. The sample is dominantly, but not exclusively, drawn from galaxies detected in the course of the ALFALFA H i survey with the Arecibo Telescope. Relations between H i line widths and luminosity are calibrated at SDSS u, g, r, i, z bands and WISE W1 and W2 bands. By exploiting secondary parameters, particularly color indices, we address discrepancies between measured distances at different wave bands with unprecedented detail. We provide a catalog that includes reduced kinematic, photometric, and inclination parameters. We also describe a machine-learning algorithm, based on the random forest technique, that predicts the dust attenuation in spirals lacking infrared photometry. We determine a Hubble Constant value of H
0 = 75.1 ± 0.2(stat.), with potential systematics up to ±3 km s−1 Mpc−1.
The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. III. Substructures in Protostellar Disks
Authors: Sheehan Patrick D. , Tobin John J. , Federman Sam , Megeath S. Thomas , Looney Leslie W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of substructures in ∼1–10 Myr old protoplanetary disks, which are often linked to planet formation, has raised the question of how early such features form and, as a corollary, how early planet formation begins. Here we present observations of seven protostellar disks (aged ∼ 0.1–1 Myr) from the Very Large Array/Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array Nascent Disk and Multiplicity Survey of Orion Protostars (VANDAM: Orion) that show clear substructures, thereby demonstrating that these features can form early in the lifetimes of disks. We use simple analytic models as well as detailed radiative transfer modeling to characterize their structure. In particular we show that at least four of the sources have relatively massive envelopes, indicating that they are particularly young, likely the youngest disks with substructures known to date. Several of these disks also have emission from an inner disk that is offset from the center of the ring structure. Given the size of the cleared-out regions of the disk, it is unclear, however, whether these features are related to planet formation, or rather if they are signposts of close-separation binary formation at early times.
A Belt-like Distribution of Gaseous Hydrogen Cyanide on Neptune’s Equatorial Stratosphere Detected by ALMA
Authors: Iino Takahiro , Sagawa Hideo , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Nozawa Satonori 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a spatially resolved map of integrated-intensity and abundance of Neptune’s stratospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The analyzed data were obtained from the archived 2016 observation of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. A 0.″42 × 0.″39 synthesized beam, which is equivalent to a latitudinal resolution of ∼20° at the disk center, was fine enough to resolve Neptune’s 2.″24 diameter disk. After correcting the effect of different optical path lengths, a spatial distribution of HCN emissions is derived over Neptune’s disk, and it clearly shows a band-like HCN enhancement at the equator. Radiative transfer analysis indicates that the HCN volume mixing ratio measured at the equator was 1.92 ppb above the 10−3 bar pressure level, which is 40% higher than that measured at the southern middle and high latitudes. The spatial distribution of HCN can be interpreted as either the effect of the transportation of N2 from the troposphere by meridional atmospheric circulation, or an external supply such as cometary collisions (or both of these reasons). From the meridional circulation point of view, the observed HCN enhancement on both the equator and the pole can be explained by the production and accumulation of HCN at the downward branches of the previously suggested two-cell meridional circulation models. However, the HCN-depleted latitude of 60° S does not match with the location of the upward branch of the two-cell circulation models.
A dataset on trophic modes of aquatic protists
Authors: Schneider Lisa , Anestis Konstantinos , Mansour Joost , Anschütz Anna , Gypens Nathalie , Hansen Per , John Uwe , Klemm Kerstin , Martin Jon , Medic Nikola , Not Fabrice , Stolte Willem 
Published: October 2020

An important functional trait of organisms is their trophic mode. It determines their position within food webs, as well as their function within an ecosystem. For the better part of the 20th century, aquatic protist communities were thought to consist mainly of producers (phytoplankton) and consumers (protozooplankton). Phytoplankton cover their energy requirements through photosynthesis (phototrophy), while protozooplankton graze on prey and organic particles (phagotrophy). However, over the past decades, it was shown that another trophic group (mixoplankton) comprise a notable part of aquatic protist communities. Mixoplankton employ a third trophic mode by combining phototrophy and phagotrophy (mixotrophy). Due to the historical dichotomy, it is not straightforward to gain adequate and correct information on the trophic mode of aquatic protists. Long hours of literature research or expert knowledge are needed to correctly assign trophic modes. Additionally, aquatic protists also have a long history of undergoing taxonomic changes which make it difficult to compare past and present literature. While WoRMS, the World Register of Marine Species, keeps track of the taxonomic changes and assigns each species a unique AphiaID that can be linked to its various historic and present taxonomic hierarchy, there is currently no machine-readable database to query aquatic protists for their trophic modes.
This paper describes a dataset that was submitted to WoRMS and links aquatic protist taxa, with a focus on marine taxa, to their AphiaID and their trophic mode. The bulk of the data used for this dataset stems from (routine) monitoring stations in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The data were augmented and checked against state-of-the-art knowledge on mixoplankton taxa by consulting literature and experts. Thus, this dataset provides a first attempt to make the trophic mode of aquatic protists easily accessible in both a human- and machine-readable format.