bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved sliding window prediction‐based outlier detection and correction for volatile time‐series
Authors: Ranjan Kumar G. , Tripathy Debesh S. , Prusty B Rajanarayan , Jena Debashisha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSteady‐state forecasting is indispensable for power system planning and operation. A forecasting model for inputs considering their historical record is a preliminary step for such type of studies. Since the historical data quality is decisive in edifice an accurate forecasting model, data preprocessing is essential. Primarily, the quality of raw data is affected by the presence of outliers, and preprocessing refers to outlier detection and correction. In this paper, an effort is made to improve the existing sliding window prediction‐based preprocessing method. The recommended reforms are the calculation of appropriate window width and a new outlier correction approach. The proposed method denoted as improved sliding window prediction‐based preprocessing is applied to the historical data of PV generation, load power, and the ambient temperature of different time‐steps collected from various places in the United States and India. Firstly, the method's efficacy through detailed result analysis demonstrating the proposed preprocessing as a better way than its precursor and k‐nearest neighbor approach is presented. Later, the improved out‐of‐sample forecasting accuracy canonizes the proposed method’s concert compared to both the above techniques and the case without preprocessing.
Polyethylene glycol‐fusion repair of sciatic allografts in female rats achieves immunotolerance via attenuated innate and adaptive responses
Authors: Smith Tyler A. , Ghergherehchi Cameron L. , Mikesh Michelle , Shores Jaimie T. , Tucker Haley O. , Bittner George D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAblation/segmental loss peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) exhibit poor functional recovery due to slow and inaccurate outgrowth of regenerating axons. Viable peripheral nerve allografts (PNAs) as growth‐guide conduits are immunologically rejected and all anucleated donor/host axonal segments undergo Wallerian degeneration. In contrast, we report that ablation‐type sciatic PNIs repaired by neurorrhaphy of viable sciatic PNAs and a polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐fusion protocol using PEG immediately restored axonal continuity for many axons, reinnervated/maintained their neuromuscular junctions, and prevented much Wallerian degeneration. PEG‐fused PNAs permanently restored many sciatic‐mediated behaviors within 2–6 weeks. PEG‐fused PNAs were not rejected even though host/donors were neither immunosuppressed nor tissue‐matched in outbred female Sprague Dawley rats. Innate and adaptive immune responses to PEG‐fused sciatic PNAs were analyzed using electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for morphological features, T cell and macrophage infiltration, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression, apoptosis, expression of cytokines, chemokines, and cytotoxic effectors. PEG‐fused PNAs exhibited attenuated innate and adaptive immune responses by 14–21 days postoperatively, as evidenced by (a) many axons and cells remaining viable, (b) significantly reduced infiltration of cytotoxic and total T cells and macrophages, (c) significantly reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and MHC proteins, (d) consistently low apoptotic response. Morphologically and/or biochemically, PEG‐fused sciatic PNAs often resembled sciatic autografts or intact sciatic nerves. In brief, PEG‐fused PNAs are an unstudied, perhaps unique, example of immune tolerance of viable allograft tissue in a nonimmune‐privileged environment and could greatly improve the clinical outcomes for PNIs relative to current protocols.
Facilitation of dopamine‐dependent long‐term potentiation in the medial prefrontal cortex of male rats follows the behavioral effects of stress
Authors: Lamanna Jacopo , Isotti Francesco , Ferro Mattia , Racchetti Gabriella , Anchora Lavinia , Rucco Daniele , Malgaroli Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effect of stress on animal behavior and brain activity has been attracting growing attention in the last decades. Stress dramatically affects several aspects of animal behavior, including motivation and cognitive functioning, and has been used to model human pathologies such as post‐traumatic stress disorder. A key question is whether stress alters the plastic potential of synaptic circuits. In this work, we evaluated if stress affects dopamine (DA)‐dependent synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). On male adolescent rats, we characterized anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behaviors using behavioral testing before and after exposure to a mild stress (elevated platform, EP). After the behavioral protocols, we investigated DA‐dependent long‐term potentiation (DA‐LTP) and depression (DA‐LTD) on acute slices of mPFC and evaluated the activation of DA‐producing brain regions by western and dot blot analysis. We show that exposure to the EP stress enhances DA‐LTP and that desipramine (DMI) treatment abolishes this effect. We also found that DA‐LTD is not affected by EP stress unless when this is followed by DMI treatment. In addition, EP stress reduces anxiety, an effect abolished by both DMI and ketamine, while motivation is promoted by previous exposure to EP stress independently of pharmacological treatments. Finally, this form of stress reduces the expression of the early gene cFOS in the ventral tegmental area. These findings support the idea that mild stressors can promote synaptic plasticity in PFC through a dopaminergic mechanism, an effect that might increase the sensitivity of mPFC to subsequent stressful experiences.
Investigating changes in rainfall seasonality across South Africa: 1987–2016
Authors: Roffe Sarah J. , Fitchett Jennifer M. , Curtis Christopher J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChanges in rainfall seasonality across South Africa may have detrimental impacts on crop yields and surface water supplies. Despite this, these have rarely been investigated across the South African summer‐, winter‐ and year‐round rainfall zones (SRZ, WRZ and YRZ respectively) using consistent methods. Rainfall seasonality changes are explored here using daily rainfall and temperature records for 1987–2016 from 46 meteorological stations spanning a grid across South Africa. Focusing on comparable methods that statistically define the SRZ, WRZ, YRZ, we apply a ratio of monthly rainfall: temperature and a percentile‐based wet‐season start‐ and end‐date metric, which each provide annual outputs of the degree of seasonality, and the timing, duration, magnitude and intensity of wet‐season rainfall. Although relatively few statistically significant trends are detected, some regional spatial patterns are evident. Trends for most locations across the southwestern Cape and western coast are indicative of a decrease in the strength of seasonality with a reduction in winter wet‐season rainfall, and are broadly consistent with observed and projected poleward dynamics of the southern hemisphere subtropical high‐pressure belt and mid‐latitude westerlies. Trends towards later wet‐season start‐dates together with a reduction in summer wet‐season rainfall amount are prominent across most of the interior and northeastern locations, and may be linked to Hadley cell expansion recorded in recent decades. Along the southern coast, trends towards an increase in the degree of seasonality together with a shorter wet‐season, concentrated around the winter months, are evident. If sustained, the trends quantified present a concerning outlook for continued crop production and water resource management, and thus warrant further investigations on rainfall seasonality shifts and the drivers thereof across southern Africa.
Effect of tropical sub‐seasonal variability on heatwaves over India
Authors: Zore Tukaram , Landu Kiranmayi , Gogoi Partha Pratim , Vinoj Velu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne of the important consequences of changing climate is the increase in temperature extremes and heat stress over many regions of the world. Understanding the various factors that modulate these events on different time scales is of utmost importance due to their great societal relevance. For example, understanding and prediction on sub‐seasonal time scales is crucial for reducing losses due to extremes and diligent management of limited resources. In this study, the effect of tropical intraseasonal oscillations like convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) such as equatorial Rossby wave (ER), Kelvin wave, mixed Rossby gravity waves and the Madden and Julian Oscillations (MJO) in modulating heatwaves occurrence over India is explored. We find that these oscillations significantly modulate extreme heat events. The extent of the modulation is also found to be highly dependent on the location, type and phase of these waves. The maximum effect is observed in case of ER with positive phase (defined as high outgoing longwave radiation phase) enhancing the frequency of the events by almost twice the normal values, and supporting long duration and more intense heatwaves while the opposite phase totally suppresses the heatwave events. The effect of MJO is region dependent with positive (negative) phase increasing (decreasing) the heatwave frequency over South and Eastern (North‐western) parts of the country. Kelvin and MT waves are also found to have lesser but significant effect on heatwaves, and mostly reduces the occurrence of heatwaves. Overall, the study shoes that the ER wave has the most significant effect on the frequency and duration of heatwaves over the study region.
Aerobic capacity and fatigability are associated with activity levels in women with hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Foucher Kharma C. , Aydemir Burcu , Huang Chun‐Hao , Horras Megan , Chmell Samuel J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhysical activity is important for physical function and pain relief in people with lower extremity osteoarthritis (OA). Unfortunately, people with OA are not as active as their peers without OA. The objective of this study was to determine whether aerobic capacity and fatigability are associated with physical activity in women with hip OA. We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of 36 women with hip OA. We assessed aerobic fitness as predicted VO2max from a 6‐min walk test. We assessed fatigability using a treadmill test. Finally, we assessed self‐reported physical activity using the UCLA activity scale and quantified steps per day and activity intensity using accelerometers. We used Pearson correlations to determine associations. We used regression analysis to determine whether fatigability mediated the association between aerobic fitness and physical activity. On average, subjects were moderately active via the UCLA score (5.2 ± 1.3 out of 10). Aerobic fitness (R = 0.582,p < .001) and fatigability (R = 0.516,p =.003) were significantly correlated with UCLA scores. However, aerobic fitness was the best predictor of UCLA scores, as well as sedentary time, and time spent in light activity. Fatigability was not a mediator between aerobic fitness and UCLA scores. Aerobic fitness and fatigability may be modifiable barriers to physical activity in people with OA. Future interventional studies should examine whether improving aerobic fitness improves physical activity or fatigability.
Ecometrics and the paleoecological implications of Pleistocene faunas from the western coastal plains of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa
Authors: Faith J. Tyler , Braun David R. , Davies Benjamin , DeSantis Larisa R. G. , Douglass Matthew J. , Esteban Irene , Hare Vincent , Levin Naomi E. , Luyt Julie , Pickering Robyn , Power Mitchell J. , Sealy Judith , Stynder Deano 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe Pleistocene ungulate communities from the western coastal plains of South Africa's Cape Floristic Region (CFR) are diverse and dominated by grazers, in contrast to the region's Holocene and historical faunas, which are relatively species‐poor and dominated by small‐bodied browsers and mixed feeders. An expansion of grassy habitats is clearly implied by the Pleistocene faunas, but the presence of ruminant grazers that cannot survive the summer dry season typical of the region today suggests other important paleoecological changes. Here we use dental ecometrics to explore the paleoecological implications of the region's Pleistocene faunas. We show that the dental traits (hypsodonty and occlusal topography) of the ungulates that occurred historically in the CFR track annual and summer aridity, and we use these relationships to reconstruct past aridity. Our results indicate that the Pleistocene faunas signal paleoenvironments that were on average less arid than today, including during the summer, consistent with other lines of evidence that suggest a higher water table and expansion of well‐watered habitats. Greater water availability can be explained by lower temperature and reduced evapotranspiration during cooler phases of the Pleistocene, probably coupled with enhanced groundwater recharge due to increased winter precipitation.
How do firms reorganize to implement digital transformation?
Authors: Balakrishnan Radhakrishnan , Das Satyasiba 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper follows an explorative approach to digital transformation (DT), an organizational transformation achieved through digital technologies such as mobile technologies, social media, cloud, internet‐of‐things, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence. The study involving qualitative research on 14 technology‐intensive firms, attempts to understand structural changes and managerial actions associated with DT. The study has found that medium and large‐sized firms handle innovation and operations separately wherein the small firms build innovation into operations by embedding relevant skills in team members. The small firms focus on process innovation whereas the other firms focus on both process optimization and new market offerings. The study has new findings on DT managerial actions that include organization‐centric activities linked to employee engagement, external stakeholder‐centric activities connected to partner engagement, and technology‐centric activities related to achieving economies of scale. This study provides a basis for both the academicians and practitioners while embarking on DT.
Exit, voice, loyalty to sport organization power
Authors: Lassalle Frédéric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research focuses on the relational dynamics between organizations. The goal is to link Hirschman's (1970) model Exit, Voice, Loyalty (EVL), to Galbraith's (1983) power model Personality, Property, and Organization (PPO). The study will show a preferential link between one power of PPO model and a mode of conflict of the EVL model. The existence of control over the dominant organization leads to a choice of a suitable mode of conflict for a strategic change.
A Cross‐sectional Study on the Relationship Between Homocysteine and Lipid Profiles Among Chinese Population from Hunan
Authors: Niu Xiaona , Chen Jian , Wang Jia , Li Jing , Zeng Dan , Wang Shuling , Hong Xiuqin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have explored the relationship between homocystein (Hcy) and lipid profiles. However, the results from these studies have been inconsistent. The current study investigated the correlation between Hcy and lipid profiles in Chinese community‐based population. The participants were composed of 4012 Chinese people aged 30–92 years old, who were recruited from rural and urban communities in the Hunan Province. Non‐parametric test and logistic regression were used to examine the distribution of Hcy and lipid profiles (triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL‐C], high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL‐C]) and the relationship between them. The median age of subjects was 54.50 years old, and 40.98% were male. Median Hcy was 13.20 μmol/L, and 35.39% had hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Median TG was 1.51 mmol/L, TC was 4.77 mmol/L, LDL‐C was 2.62 mmol/L, and HDL‐C was 1.27 mmol/L. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, HHcy was associated with high levels of TG (ORmale = 2.240, p < 0.001; ORfemale = 2.539, p < 0.001), TC (ORmale = 2.237, p < 0.001; ORfemale = 2.202, p < 0.001), and LDL‐C (ORmale = 1.413, p = 0.010; ORfemale = 1.617, p < 0.001) in the different sexes population and low level of HDL‐C in females (OR = 1.326, p = 0.023) after adjusting for confounders. HHcy was independently associated with an increasing risk of low HDL‐C among females. The regression analysis showed that HHcy was also associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and high level of LDL‐C in males and females from Chinese community‐based population, which provides a basis for the treatment and prevention of abnormal lipid metabolism.
Changing circumpolar distributions and isoscapes of Antarctic krill: Indo‐Pacific habitat refuges counter long‐term degradation of the Atlantic sector
Authors: Yang Guang , Atkinson Angus , Hill Simeon L. , Guglielmo Letterio , Granata Antonia , Li Chaolun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Southern Ocean provides strong contrasts in rates and directions of change in temperature and sea ice between its sectors, but it is unknown how these affect plankton species that are distributed right around Antarctica. Here, we quantify the changing circumpolar distributions of Antarctic krill, based on the CHINARE 2013/14 circum‐Antarctic expedition, plus independent analyses of compiled abundance data (KRILLBASE: 1926–2016). In the 1920s–1930s, average krill densities in the Atlantic‐Bellingshausen sector were eight times those in the other sectors. More recently, however, the concentration factor has dropped to only about twofold. This reflects a rebalancing broadly commensurate with climatic forcing: krill densities declined in the Atlantic‐Bellingshausen sector which has warmed and lost sea ice, densities may have increased in the Ross‐Pacific sector which showed the opposite climatic trend, while densities showed no significant changes in the more stable Lazarev‐Indian sectors. Such changes would impact circumpolar food webs, so to better define these we examined circumpolar trends of isotopic values in krill and other zooplankton based on the CHINARE cruise and a literature meta‐analysis. Krill δ15N values ranged significantly between sectors from 2.21‰ (Indian) to 3.59‰ (Ross‐Pacific), about half a trophic level lower than another key euphausiid, Thysanoessa macrura. These isoscapes form a baseline for interpreting the reliance of predators on euphausiids, within the varying food webs around the continent. Overall, we suggest that the Indo‐Pacific sector has acted as a refuge for the circumpolar krill stock while conditions for them deteriorated rapidly in the Atlantic sector.
Chelating Polymers for Hereditary Hemochromatosis Treatment
Authors: Groborz Ondřej , Poláková Lenka , Kolouchová Kristýna , Švec Pavel , Loukotová Lenka , Miriyala Vijay Madhav , Francová Pavla , Kučka Jan , Krijt Jan , Páral Petr , Báječný Martin , Heizer Tomáš , Pohl Radek , Dunlop David , Czernek Jiří , Šefc Luděk , Beneš Jiří , Štěpánek Petr , Hobza Pavel , Hrubý Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHemochromatosis (iron overload) encompasses a group of diseases that are characterized by a toxic hyperaccumulation of iron in parenchymal organs. Currently, only few treatments for this disease have been approved; however, all these treatments possess severe side effects. In this study, a paradigm for hemochromatosis maintenance/preventive therapy is investigated: polymers with negligible systemic biological availability form stable complexes with iron ions in the gastrointestinal tract, which reduces the biological availability of iron. Macroporous polymer beads are synthesized with three different iron‐chelating moieties (benzene‐1,2‐diol, benzene‐1,2,3‐triol, and 1,10‐phenanthroline). The polymers rapidly chelate iron ions from aqueous solutions in vitro in the course of minutes, and are noncytotoxic and nonprooxidant. Moreover, the in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics show a negligible uptake from the gastrointestinal tract (using 125I‐labeled polymer and single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography), which generally prevents them from having systemic side effects. The therapeutic efficacy of the prepared polymers is successfully tested in vivo, and exhibits a significant inhibition of iron uptake from the gastrointestinal tract without any noticeable signs of toxicity. Furthermore, an in silico method is developed for the prediction of chelator selectivity. Therefore, this paradigm can be applied to the next‐generation maintenance/preventive treatment for hemochromatosis and/or other diseases of similar pathophysiology.
Critical point equation and closed conformal vector fields
Authors: da Silva Filho J. F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we study the critical points of the total scalar curvature functional restricted to the space of metrics with constant scalar curvature of unitary volume, for simplicity, CPE metrics. Here, we prove that a CPE metric admitting a non‐trivial closed conformal vector field must be isometric to a round sphere metric, which provides a partial answer to the CPE conjecture.
The Adapted Resistance Training with Instability Randomized Controlled Trial for Gait Automaticity
Authors: Vieira‐Yano Bianca , Martini Douglas N. , Horak Fay B. , de Lima‐Pardini Andrea , Almeida Filipe , Santana Vagner P. , Lima Daniel , Batista Alana X. , Marquesini Raquel , Lira Jumes , Barbosa Egberto R. , Corcos Daniel M. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Silva‐Batista Carla 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundDeficits in the cerebellar locomotor region (CLR) have been associated with loss of gait automaticity in individuals with freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease (freezers); however, exercise interventions that restore gait automaticity in freezers are lacking. We evaluated the effects of the adapted resistance training with instability ([ARTI] complex exercises) compared with traditional motor rehabilitation (without complex exercises) on gait automaticity and attentional set‐shifting. We also verified associations between gait automaticity change and CLR activation change previously published.MethodsFreezers were randomized either to the experimental group (ARTI, n = 17) or to the active control group (traditional motor rehabilitation, n = 15). Both training groups performed exercises 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Gait automaticity (dual‐task and dual‐task cost [DTC] on gait speed and stride length), single‐task gait speed and stride length, attentional set‐shifting (time between Trail Making Test parts B and A), and CLR activation during a functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol of simulated step initiation task were evaluated before and after interventions.ResultsBoth training groups improved gait parameters in single task (P < 0.05), but ARTI was more effective than traditional motor rehabilitation in improving DTC on gait speed, DTC on stride length, dual‐task stride length, and CLR activation (P < 0.05). Changes in CLR activation were associated with changes in DTC on stride length (r = 0.68, P = 0.002) following ARTI. Only ARTI improved attentional set‐shifting at posttraining (P < 0.05).ConclusionsARTI restores gait automaticity and improves attentional set‐shifting in freezers attributed to the usage of exercises with high motor complexity. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society