bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
«BUDINIA OR SCYTHIA?» THE ETHNIC AND CULTURAL BELONGING OF THE MIDDLE DON POPULATION DURING 5th—4th centuries BC
Authors: Guliaev V. I. 
Published: February 2020

For over half a century (since the end of the 1950s), the Scythology has been discussing the location of the Scythian and non-scythian tribes mentioned by Herodotus on a geographical map. After the Scythian-Sarmatian conference in 1952 and the report of B. N. Grakov and A. I. Melyukova, most of archaeologists supported the idea that only the Black Sea steppe belonged to the Scythians, and non-scythian peoples and tribes inhabited the forest-steppe regions of the Northern Black Sea region. In this regard monuments on the Middle Don dated V—IV centuries BC began to be considered Budinia, belonging to the Budinians and Gelonians. P. D. Lieberov interpreted the Budinians as Finno-Ugric tribes. Archaeological research of the last decades (including the widespread use of the methods of the natural sciences) made it possible to revise this idea and return to the M. I. Rostovtsev and A. I. Terenozhkin point of view about the existence of a single large Scythia covering in the VII—IV centuries BC all the Northern Pontic (steppe and forest-steppe) from the Danube to the Don.
ON THE BEGINNING OF THE EARLY IRON AGE IN THE TERRITORY OF MIDDLE DON BASIN
Authors: Medvedev A. P. , Berestnev R. S. 
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the characterization of pre-Scythian time monuments in the forest-steppe course of the Don. The authors come to the conclusion about the regional specificity of the process of cultural genesis in this territory at the beginning of the early Iron Age.
The authors analyze the new treasure of Novocherkassk type. It was opened in 2016 in the Podgorensky district of the Voronezh region. This treasure includes psalms, hatchet, metal plates, bracelet-like rings, spearheads. In inventory, it is close to the pre-Scythian burials in the forest-steppe Ukraine (Butenki, Kvitki). Obviously, the population that left the treasure penetrated into the territory of the Middle Don region from the steppes between the Dnieper and Ciscaucasia — the place where the Cimmerian culture was formed in the 9th century. Objects close to the Proto-Meotian, Novocherkassk complexes, their diversity show this process.
It remains an open question about the relationship in the studied region of the funerary monuments of Novocherkassk type and Middle-Don mounds of the Scythian time.
MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE SOUTH OF WEST SIBERIAN PLANE DURING THE LATE BRONZE AGE TO IRON AGE TRANSITION
Authors: Molodin V. I. 
Published: February 2020

The article is dedicated to anniversary of a brilliant scientist, an outstanding scythologist S. A. Skoryy. I suppose this essay, devoted to the Early Scythian period in the south of West Siberian Plain, will be interesting for our hero of the day. The atricle present the reconstruction of migration flows during the Late Bronze to Iron Age transition in the south of West Siberian plane based on archaeological data from Chicha 1 and Bolshoy Log settlements. The main vectors of migration flows, revealed and described in this article, indicate a strong penetration of different archaeological cultures to the Ob-Irtysh forest steppe. The bearers of Suzgun, Atlym, Berlik and other cultures that occupied nearby territories for more than two centuries have adapted to aboriginal late Irmen population. The Ob-Irtysh area was an attractive place for living. The abundant pastures with a stable herbage yields and the wealth of fish and game equally attracted both herdsmen and fishermen-hunters. Apparently, during this time the migration flows changed their directions and didn’t get in each other’s way. The mosaic of cultural formations peacefully shared Ob-Irtysh area was developed in the south of West Siberian plane during Bronze to Iron Age transition. This has been possible because of the different orientation of paleoeconomy of these societies. Besides, it must be noted that the bearers of aboriginal late Irmen culture were quite tolerant. They involved newcomers in their influence arena and even lived with them on the one living space area, e. g. on settlements. This evidence of this behavior was discovered on Chicha 1 and Bolshoy Log sites for instance.
BRONZE CROSS-SHAPED PLAQUES AS A CHRONOLOGY INDICATOR OF SKYTHIAN KURGANS OF THE NORTH PONTIC REGION OF THE SECOND — THIRD QUARTER OF THE 4th CENTURY BC
Authors: Polin S. V. , Daragan М. N. 
Published: February 2020

In the Scythian kurgans of the IVth century BC in the Northern Black Sea region, 31 bronze cruciform plaques were found. Such plaques are found mainly in male graves and much less often in female ones. These plaques were used as quiver buckles and for attaching the quiver to the belt. The main zone of concentration of cross-shaped plaques finds covers is the territory of the Lower Dnieper region, directly to the Dnieper. Apparently, this indicates that they were made in this region, where their place of manufacture could be only Kamenskoe hillfort, which was the center of metallurgy and metalworking in Steppe Scythia. From here they diverged south-east to Sivash within the present-day Kherson region, and much further north to the forest-steppe within the present-day right-bank Cherkasy and left-bank Kiev regions. Cross-shaped plaques are indicators of the advance of the steppe Scythians from the Lower Dnieper region to the north in the Ukrainian forest-steppe, to the west as far as the Lower Danube and very close to the south-east to Sivash. The latter direction, apparently, corresponds to migrations to winter pastures. More than half of all finds of cross-shaped plaques reliably date from within the second to third quarters of the IVth century BC, which gives every reason to assume the same dating for the complexes, where there are no own dating materials. In general, such bronze cross-shaped plaques are a reliable chronological indicator Scythian burials of the Northern Black Sea region of the second — third quarter of the IVth century BC, and also partly ethnic.
CLAY BOWLS OF THE SHYRIAIEVO HILLFORT
Authors: Karavaiko D. V. 
Published: February 2020

In the Scythian period, one of the regional features of the monuments in the Seim region was a small number of such tableware as bowls. The materials of the Shyriaievo hillfort in the Middle river Seim valley allow us to look at this issue from another position. So, if for the rest of the Left Bank forest-steppe there is a tendency to decrease the percentage ratio of the bowls from early to late Scythian periods, for the territory of the Seim region — the situation is directly opposite. However, the layer of the 4th century BC with the materials of the forest-steppe shapes there is only on the one hillfort — Shyriaievo, which does not allow extrapolating the conclusions to the whole region. It is not excluded that the population that left the upper horizon of the monument is alien. The question of migration from the south of the Sula River Group population to the Seim region, according to the materials of the hillfort Shyriaievo, remains open.
THE HABITATION LAYER OF THE LATE HALLSTATT PERIOD AT THE TRINCA «IZVORUL LUI LUCA» SITE (Northern Moldavian Plateau Area)
Authors: Leviţki O. , Sîrbu L. , Sîrbu G. 
Published: February 2020

The Trinca «Izvorul lui Luca» site is an archaeological object with several cultural and chronological horizons, including the late Hallstatt period. The settlement of this period is attributed to the Western Podolian / Podolian-Moldavian cultural group and is the only one investigated in the Northern Moldavian Plateau. The investigations have revealed a number of complexes (dwellings, auxiliary structures, platforms, hearths, and pits), artifacts made of various raw materials (clay, sand, stone, bone, and metal — bronze and iron), a considerable amount of other archaeological remains (pottery, osteological material, stones, fragments of fired clay, etc.) The detailed and overall analysis of all elements specific to the material culture gives us novel information about the way of living, the architectonics of the dwellings, and so on. All this plays a very important role in the research of the cultural and historical processes of the late Hallstatt period in the East Carpathian region in general and in the Northern Moldavian Plateau in particular. The results undoubtedly confirm once again that this region was a zone of cultural interference between the late Hallstatt communities (Thracian) in the Carpathian-Dniester area and the communities in the forest—steppe on the right bank of the Dnieper that existed simultaneously with them.
WEAPON OF THE EARLY IRON AGE FROM COLLECTION OF KAMYANKA HISTORICAL MUSEUM
Authors: Lyashko Yu. Yu. 
Published: February 2020

The article is sanctified to description of standards of weapon twenty-four hours of early ferrous age, that is kept in the display of historical museum of Kamyanka of state Historical and Cultural Center reserve of the Cherkasy areal.
In this paper, brief information is provided on similar analogues of weapons that were found on the territory of Ukraine. But their short description is made. Particularly worthy to highlight the Scythian sword-akinak, which is made in uncharacteristic for this type of form, with a slightly curved blade and one-sided sharpening. This type of weapon is a unique achievement of weaponry and dates from the second to the third quarter of the Vth century BC. Also at the end of the work there is a conclusion regarding the existence of certain types of weapons in the Prytyasminsky region.
SCYTHIAN SWORD FROM SLOVIANSK
Authors: Shelekhan O. V. , Kyrkach V. A. 
Published: February 2020

Recently new chance find of the Scythian long sword was presented in the Sloviansk regional museum. Thanks to attention of activists and officials, it was restored in a proper manner.
The sword has zoomorphic antenna pommel, triangular crossguard and long blade with grooves. Due to analogies from the burials, this sword dates by the middle — late 5th century BC. Similar finds are known from Beresniahy, barrow 4, Aktash, barrow 48 and others.
This period was time of permanent conflicts and instability in Northern Black Sea region. For example, such prominent sites as Motronyn and Western Bilsk hillforts became desolate. It is interesting that range of 5th century BC bladed weapon was very wide.
At the same time, Sloviansk region was sparsely populated frontier of the Scythian culture. However, there are known some individual weapon chance finds and separated burials. They are located near the watershed rout that later was named Muravskii way. We can assume that they mark area of nomad’s strategic interests and points of clashes for the salt lakes and fertile floodplains in the Siverskii Dinets basin. In addition, it should be noted that hypothesis about chance finds of swords as remains of Ares’s altar has no reliable evidences.
THE ELITE GRAVE OF THE WARRIOR OF THE PRE-SCYTHIAN AGE NEAR MAIKOP
Authors: Erlikh V. R. 
Published: February 2020

The Ulka I cemetery was discovered on the site of the ancient Ulka settlement during rescue excavations conducted by A. V. Surkov in 2017. It is located 5.4 km northeast of Maykop (Adygea, RF). A total of four Proto-Maeotian burials were uncovered in these burial grounds. This article focuses on the wealthiest burial 3, which contained the remains of a warrior flanked by two horse skulls to the south — apparently in imitation of a cart or chariot. The burial inventory consisted of a long bimetallic sword with a length of 108 cm, a spearhead, a quiver with nine bronze arrows, gold and silver pendants of the «Šarengrad» type, gold-plated bronze buttons and various other items. Ananalysis of the funeral inventory shows that the main items belong to the Chernogorovka or Pre-Novocherkassk category of Proto-Maeotian material. However, the burial also contains later chronological indicators, e. g. arrowheads of the «Novocherkassk type» and aclasp of the «Slobodzeya» type. In general, it is possible to suggest a dating within the second half of the 8th century BC for the complex. The burial inventory indicates that the deceased belonged to the highest military elite of Proto-Maeotian society. He probably took part in military campaigns in the Trans-Caucasus, owned multiple herds of horses, and oversawtransactions and exchange with the elite of Central Europe.
GRIFFIN AND SNAKE IN SCYTHIAN ART
Authors: Alekseev A. Yu. 
Published: February 2020

The note suggests the interpretation of a group of bronze pole-tops with a depiction of a griffin originated from Krasnokut Grave and some other burial mounds as representing the gnawing of a snake. The subject is extremely rare in the Hellenistic-Scythian art, close to him is known only one item — a gold plate of the sheath from the Elizavetovsky burial ground on the Lower Don-river. The reasons for the appearance and the essence of this composition remain unclear, except the most general assumption about the existence of ideas about the opposition of fantastic creatures — some kind of mediators associated with several zones of the Scythian Cosmos (mainly the upper ones), from the one side, to the animals (snakes) of the lower, chthonic and hostile to man zones, from the other.
IMAGES IN SCYTHIAN ANIMAL STYLE ON THE ARTEFACTS OF «CRIMEAN COLLECTION»
Authors: Kantorovich A. R. 
Published: February 2020

Article presents the results of the integration of the array of zoomorphic images on the objects from the «chance finds» collection stored in the Archaeological Museum of the Institute of Archaeology of NAS of Ukraine and published by S. A. Skoriy and R. V. Zimoviec, in the systematics of the images of the Eastern-European Scythian animal style created by the author, based on the latest data. The realized iconographic and statistical analysis suggests, on the one hand, the authenticity of most of the items of the «Crimean collection» (conditional term proposed by the author), decorated in the manner of the Scythian animal style, on the other hand, that these items can be initially located not only in the Crimea, but also in other regions of the Scythian archaeological culture, and primarily from the regions of the Kuban and the Middle and Lower Dnieper basins.
TWISTED AND FALSE-TWISTED TORQUES FROM THE BOSPORAN TOREUTIC WORKSHOPS
Authors: Babenko L. I. 
Published: February 2020

For now five neck or pectoral ornamentals are known that have twisted or falsely twisted binders, which were made in the workshops of the Bospor jewelers. The binders construction is represented by three types which are different in their structure. The torque from the primary burial Kul-Oba is related to the first type. Its binder consisted of the twisted bronze pivot covered by a thin golden sheet, which followed the binder shape. The binders of the ornamentals of the second type represent a hollow pipe, which relief imitated the six round pivots spiral twisting (the torque from Solokha, the pectoral from the Tolstaya Mogila). The ornamentals of the third type have a binder that is made of twisted pipes or wires (the torque from the Kul-Oba, the pectoral from the Bolshaya Blyznitsa).
The first four ornamentals can be the products of the same workshop, and they can be made by the jewelers of two or three generations. The craftsman who made the pectoral from the Bolshaya Blyznitsa was most likely working in another workshop.
On the basis of the burial context, the torques (pectorals) with a massive twisted/falsely twisted binder can be considered as one of the markers of royal dignity of its owner.
Sensitive Damage in Leprosy: A Longitudinal and Retrospective Study
Authors: Castanheira Amanda Teixeira Labelle , Bandeira Sabrina Sampaio , Chichester Alianne Violet Alves , Dos Reis Ana Luisa Mendes , Nascimento Carlos Victor Da Silva , Palheta Caroline Da Silva Alves , Loureiro Walter Refkalefsky , Carneiro Francisca Regina De Oliveira , Pires Carla Andrea Avelar 
Published: February 2020

Background: The evaluation of leprosy patients requires a careful dermatological and neurological examination in order to monitor the possible damage to the peripheral nerves. This study focused on evaluate the sensitivity at the time of diagnosis and discharge of leprosy patients from Dermatology Department of the State University of the State of Pará.
Methods and Findings: this is a longitudinal, retrospective and descriptive study based on medical records that presented neurological assessment and degree of physical disability of 30 patients assisted at a referral service between 2016 and 2019, applying descriptive statistical analysis. Concerning neural involvement, 88.89% of the patients with neural damage were male, 100% of patients in this group were multibacillary (p-value: 0.02), 42.8% were borderliners (p-value: 0.04), 88.8% had some type of leprosy reaction (p-value: 0.02) and 44.4% of the patients had a diagnosis of leprosy with more than one year of disease evolution; most patients with neural involvement (N = 16) had more than one nerve affected, with the right tibial nerve being the most affected (24.14%); It was noted that a considerable portion of multibacillary patients did not improve or worsened (75%), and the borderline form was the one with the worst prognosis, showing 50% of patients did not respond to treatment.
Conclusions: Most of the patients with neural damage were multibacillary, and borderliners, with many of those without presenting improvement, or showing worsening of clinical condition after multidrug therapy. Thus, it is highlighted the primary role of longitudinal assessment of those patients, in view of the possibility of chronification and sequel development.
A Kieserita melhora a fertilidade e nutrição de plantas em laranjeiras
Authors: Marques Danielly Cristina da Silva , Okumura Ricardo Shigueru , Saldanha Eduardo Cezar Medeiros , Mariano Daiane de Cinque , Oliveira Neto Cândido Ferreira de , Viégas Ismael de Jesus Matos , Cruz Filho Deusdedith 
Published: February 2020

A Kieserita é um fertilizante de disponibilidade imediata. O magnésio utilizado em grande quantidade pelas plantas para o seu desenvolvimento reprodutivo. O enxofre desempenha papel fundamental na formação da parte vegetativa e na frutificação. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a aplicação de Kieserita nos atributos químicos do solo e no desenvolvimento vegetativo, nutricional e qualidade dos frutos da laranja. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, sendo os tratamentos constituídos pelas doses de Kieserita (0, 280, 560, 840 e 1120 g planta-1) parcelada em duas aplicações em cobertura, com três repetições. A Kieserita proporcionou melhorias nas qualidades físico-químicos dos frutos e nos atributos químicos do solo aos 6 (pH, Mg, CTC) e 12 meses (P e K). Na planta os teores foliares de Mg e S apresentaram incremento com as doses de kieserita. Nas condições edafoclimáticas de cultivo da laranja a dose de máxima eficiência variou de 560 a 840 g planta-1.
As queimas e as queimadas no Tocantins: o município de maior registro da série histórica de focos de calor ativos
Authors: Borges Sobrinho Cléber José , Ramos Júnior Dernival Venâncio 
Published: February 2020

O fogo possui seus primeiros registros há cerca de 1,5 milhões de anos, e acompanha as sociedades humanas em seus processos históricos, seja por meio das práticas intencionais, ou em situações de perda de controle e consequentes danos. A complexidade dos fenômenos das queimadas e dos incêndios florestais tendem a ser de caráter interdisciplinar, e geram a possibilidade de aprofundamento epistemológico quanto aos estudos sobre o fogo. Vale destacar que as queimadas são aplicadas para manutenção de áreas agrícolas e de pastagem, e por vezes as ações antrópicas do atear as queimadas conflagram incêndios florestais. A metodologia é de caráter quali-quantitativo com uso da pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental para subsídio do caráter qualitativo, e levantamentos em gráfico e quadros numéricos para o caráter quantitativo, bem como o caráter explicativo quanto ao objetivo e à justificativa da pesquisa. O Brasil apresenta registros de focos de calor em todas as regiões do país, e o Estado do Tocantins se destaca pela proporcionalidade dos incêndios de Classe V, e por compor entre os primeiros colocados o ranking nacional de registros de queima no período de 2009 a 2018, mesmo possuindo a nona área territorial dentre os dez primeiros. Por delimitação territorial e uso do sensoriamento remoto foi possível conhecer o município tocantinense de maior registro histórico dos focos de calor ativos. Ao final do estudo se conclui que o resultado foi de caráter total, uma vez que o objetivo deste estudo foi alcançado em sua totalidade.
Feasibility of evacuating vulnerable people during a tsunami: Comparing assistant velocities with a wheelchair, transport chair, and rollator on three different inclines outdoors
Authors: Ohtsu Nobuhito , Hokugo Akihiko , Pinheiro Abel Táiti Konno , Lee Jihyang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aims to analyze and compare the transportation feasibility of the following three tsunami evacuation support devices that carry vulnerable persons: (A) a rollator, (B) a transport chair, and (C) a wheelchair. Each of these supports was examined for its feasibility during transit along a steep slope, gentle slope, and flat land. The results indicated that the rollator was the most feasible tool, followed by the transport chair and the wheelchair; however, having the assistance of support personnel enabled the victims to flee faster and more effectively. Furthermore, the findings indicate that although wheelchairs are the most effective in evacuating vulnerable persons, all the studied tools can provide assistance.
Residue management in double‐crop systems: Impact on soybean growth and yield
Authors: Zander Anna , Lofton Josh , Haggard Beatrix J. , Fultz Lisa M. , Sharma Sumit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDouble‐crop soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have the potential to be a productive and profitable system. However, due to delayed planting, double‐crop soybeans frequently experience lower yields and higher stress. Because planting is a major production constraint, a critical practice is the management of previous wheat residue. Trials were established in 2012, 2013, and 2014 in Saint Joseph, LA, and in 2013 and 2014 in Winnsboro, LA. The four residue management treatments investigated included conventionally tilled, planted into burned residue, planted into mowed residue, and planted into standing wheat residue. Vegetative and reproductive growth parameters, as well as yield, were used to evaluate the influence of residue management on productivity. Overall, residue management did not have a significant impact on early season growth parameters, except for plant height in 2012 at St. Joseph; however, it did significantly influence yield at both locations. In Saint Joseph in 2012, yields from planting into wheat residue were significantly lower than burned and mowed plots (1.2 compared with 2.8 and 2.7 Mg ha−1, respectively), and tilled treatments yielded significantly less than all three nontilled treatments in 2013 and 2014. In Winnsboro, planting into residue left on the soil surface resulted in significantly higher yields than when residue was removed. Overall, leaving residue on the soil surface provided stable yields across years and locations; however, not managing the residue can result in diminished yields. Therefore, practices such as mowing of wheat residue prior to planting provide an alternative to traditional no‐till planting.