bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between chronic pain and long-term cognitive decline in a population-based cohort of elderly participants
Authors: Rouch Isabelle , Edjolo Arlette , Laurent Bernard , Pongan Elodie , Dartigues Jean-François , Amieva Hélène 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Chronic pain (CP) was associated with impaired cognitive performance in several cross-sectional studies conducted in older adults; however, fewer longitudinal studies assessed this link that remains still debated. With a prospective design, the present analysis was aimed at evaluating the relationship between CP and the change in several tests assessing memory, attention, verbal fluency, and processing speed. The study population was selected from the PAQUID study, a cohort of community dwellers aged 65 years and older; 693 subjects receiving a pain assessment were included. Chronic pain was evaluated using a questionnaire administered at 3-year follow-up. Cognitive performances were assessed every 2 to 3 years between 3 and 15 years assessing general cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), verbal and visual memory (word paired-associate test and Benton test), attention and speed processing (Wechsler Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Zazzo's Cancellation Task), and language skills and executive functions (Isaacs Set Test). The link between CP and the change in cognitive function was assessed with latent process mixed models controlled for age, sex, education, comorbidities, depression, and analgesic drugs. The association between CP and each of the cognitive scores was then tested with the same procedure. A significant relationship was observed between CP and poorer 15-year scores on global cognitive performance (P = 0.004), and specifically, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (P = 0.002) was associated with a higher slope of decline (P = 0.02). Chronic pain is associated with a higher cognitive decline, particularly in processing speed. This result reinforces the importance of actively treating CP with pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies to prevent its consequences, including cognitive consequences.
ACE2 and SCARF expression in human dorsal root ganglion nociceptors: implications for SARS-CoV-2 virus neurological effects
Authors: Shiers Stephanie , Ray Pradipta R. , Wangzhou Andi , Sankaranarayanan Ishwarya , Tatsui Claudio Esteves , Rhines Laurence D. , Li Yan , Uhelski Megan L. , Dougherty Patrick M. , Price Theodore J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has created a global crisis. COVID-19, the disease caused by the virus, is characterized by pneumonia, respiratory distress, and hypercoagulation and can be fatal. An early sign of infection is loss of smell, taste, and chemesthesis—loss of chemical sensation. Other neurological effects of the disease have been described, but not explained. It is now apparent that many of these neurological effects (for instance joint pain and headache) can persist for at least months after infection, suggesting a sensory neuronal involvement in persistent disease. We show that human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 at the RNA and protein level. We also demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus-associated factors and receptors are broadly expressed in human DRG at the lumbar and thoracic level as assessed by bulk RNA sequencing. ACE2 mRNA is expressed by a subset of nociceptors that express MRGPRD mRNA, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may gain access to the nervous system through entry into neurons that form free nerve endings at the outermost layers of skin and luminal organs. Therefore, DRG sensory neurons are a potential target for SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the peripheral nervous system, and viral infection of human nociceptors may cause some of the persistent neurological effects seen in COVID-19.
Implementing a Protocol of Ankle ROM Goniometry Measurement in the Neuroscience ICU
Authors: Tolland Joseph , Taglieri-Noble Kathleen , McEnroy Kevin , Miccile Lauren A. 
Published: August 2020

Background/Purpose:
Prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) admission and symptoms of neurologic injury may increase the risk for joint contracture, negatively affecting function. Clear recommendations for assessing, monitoring, and providing interventions for contractures are limited. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of implementing an ankle dorsiflexion (DF) measurement protocol in a patient population at risk for ankle contractures. We examined the effect of the measurement protocol on the frequency of measurement, ankle DF range of motion (ROM) from physical therapy (PT) evaluation to hospital discharge, and interventions provided.

Methods:
A measurement protocol of ankle DF ROM was implemented for patients admitted to the neuroscience ICU. A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients who met eligibility criteria with a total hospital length of stay of more than 15 days and revealed 2 groups. A measurement group (MG) was evaluated by a physical therapist within 72 hours and included in the measurement protocol. A comparison group (CG) was not successfully evaluated per the measurement protocol and not included in the measurement protocol.

Results:
A total of 58 patients were analyzed. The MG (n = 27) received more measurements per week (P < .001) and more total sessions with measurements (P < .001); the CG (n = 31) received more estimated measurements (P = .005). More MG patients were assessed for the need for ROM intervention (P = .02). The CG received more interventions (mean [SD] = 0.94 [2.02]) than the MG (mean [SD] = 0.67 (1.00)], though not statistically significant. A subset of each group had analyzable ROM measurements. The MG subgroup (MGs) ROM change was positive (mean [SD] = 2.88°[8.55°]). The CG subgroup (CGs) was negative (mean [SD] = 4.50° [16.58°]); no significant difference was found.

Discussion/Conclusion:
The protocol increased the number of measurements performed. Ankle DF ROM was more frequently estimated in the CG. More MG patients were assessed for the need for ROM interventions; however, the number of interventions provided did not differ between groups. Ankle DF ROM goniometric measurements taken at a consistent frequency may affect the number of interventions provided. We were unable to determine the effect of the protocol on ROM measurements due to inconsistent measurement frequency and small sample size. Further studies are needed to assess barriers to consistent ROM measurement, assess the effects of increased measurement on ROM and functional outcomes, and the effect on the provision of intervention and allotment of resources.
Objective Measurement of Carcinogens Among Dominican Republic Firefighters Using Silicone-Based Wristbands
Authors: Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Louzado-Feliciano Paola , Santiago Katerina M. , Baum Jeramy , Schaefer Solle Natasha , Rivera Geovanny , Miric Marija , Perez-Then Eddy , Kobetz-Kerman Erin N. , Daunert Sylvia 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Characterize objective measurements of carcinogenic exposure using passive sampling silicone-based wristbands among Dominican firefighters.

Methods:
Firefighters from a metropolitan fire service in the Dominican Republic were asked to wear a silicone-based wristband during one typical 24-hour shift. A pre- and post-shift survey collected work shift characteristics. Wristbands were processed for the type and quantity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a family of known carcinogenic compounds.

Results:
Fifteen firefighters wore a wristband, of which 73.3% responded to a fire with an average of 3.7 calls during the shift. Total PAH exposure was significantly higher among firefighters who responded to a fire versus firefighters with no fire during their shift (261 parts per billion [ppb] vs 117 ppb, P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Silicone-based wristbands as objective passive samplers documented exposure to carcinogenic compounds during a typical 24-hour firefighter shift.
Stent strut thickness and acute vessel injury during percutaneous coronary interventions: an optical coherence tomography randomized clinical trial
Authors: Vilchez-Tschischke Jean Paul , Salazar Carlos , Gil-Romero Jorge , Mori Ricardo , Nuñez-Gil Ivan , Quirós Alicia , Nombela Luis , del Trigo Maria , Jimenez-Quevedo Pilar , Salinas Pablo , Escaned Javier , Macaya Carlos , Gonzalo Nieves 
Published: August 2020

Aims
Compare the degree of acute vascular injury caused by a polymer-free, thin-strut drug-eluting stent (DES) to that caused by a bioresorbable polymer, thick-strut DES using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods and results
Fifty patients requiring nonurgent PCI were randomized to receive either a thin or a thick-strut DES. OCT was performed before and after stent implantation. OCT-based injury score (IS) after implantation was numerically higher within thick-strut stents 0.32 vs. 0.23, but the difference was NS (P = 0.61). Edge dissections were present in 36% of the patients without differences between groups. Tissue prolapse (TP) area was larger with thin-strut stents (2.26 vs. 1.83 mm2, P = 0.04). Stent expansion and symmetry index were similar between the two platforms (85% vs. 94%, P = 0.08; and 0.82 vs. 0.80, P = 0.25). No differences were observed in total malapposition area (1.85 mm2 in thin-strut stents vs. 1.47 mm2, P = 0.48). Regarding the influence of plaque-type, IS tended to be higher (non-significant) with thick strut DES in fibrocalcific plaques. Stent malapposition area was smaller in fibrous plaques, especially with thin strut stents (P = 0.03).

Conclusion
There was no difference in the extent of OCT-based vessel injury associated with thin and thick-strut DES platforms. TP was larger with the thin strut DES, potentially reflecting a deeper stent embedment in the vessel wall.
Fluoroscopy Time During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Performed for Children and Adolescents is Significantly Higher With Low‐volume Endoscopists
Authors: Barakat Monique T. , Gugig Roberto , Imperial Joanne , Berquist William E. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a fluoroscopy and endoscopy‐based procedure important for diagnosis and management of pediatric pancreaticobiliary disorders. Patient, procedure, endoscopist, and facility characteristics have been shown to influence ERCP complexity and procedure outcomes as well as fluoroscopy utilization in adults; however, the extent to which this is true in pediatric patients remains under‐studied and there are minimal data regarding fluoroscopy utilization in pediatric ERCP.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed ERCPs performed on patients <18 years of age at our tertiary care children's hospital from 2002 to 2017 using our institution's paper and electronic medical record system along with a prospectively maintained radiation exposure database. Procedure complexity was graded using the Stanford Fluoroscopy Complexity Score and the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Complexity scale. High‐volume endoscopists (HVE) were defined as having a cumulative annual ERCP volume >100 and low‐volume endoscopists (LVE) as <100 (pediatric + adult) ERCPs/year.Results:Three hundred eighty‐five ERCPs performed on 321 patients were included in this analysis. The mean patient age was 13.4 years (+/− 4.2 years), 77% were index ERCPs (native ampullas), and 81% were performed with therapeutic intent (87% for biliary indication and 13% for pancreatic indication). Fluoroscopy times (FTs) varied between procedures and providers. Median FT was 4.85 (+/− 2.68) minutes. Endoscopist annual ERCP volume was the strongest predictor of FT (P < 0.001). In addition to endoscopist volume, procedure‐specific predictors of increased FT included pancreatic indication for the procedure, biliary or pancreatic duct stricture, patient age <4 years or >16 years at the time of ERCP (P < 0.01 for each), and native ampulla. ERCP complexity rating based on the Stanford Fluoroscopy Complexity Score correlated with FT.Conclusions:Radiation exposure is higher than desirable for pediatric ERCP and varies with endoscopist as well as patient and procedure‐specific factors. HVE perform ERCP with lower FT relative to LVE even though HVE procedure complexity was higher. The Stanford Fluoroscopy Score predicted FT for pediatric ERCP, but the ASGE ERCP complexity scale did not. Adaptation and refinement of pediatric‐specific ERCP complexity scales including factors, such as patient size and age and indications/interventions more consistent with those encountered in pediatrics could be beneficial.
Emergency Presentations for Gastrostomy Complications Are Similar in Adults and Children
Authors: Chua Nina , Singh Harveen , Lay Joshua , Murray Megan , McDonald Jennifer , Craig Simon S. , Giles Edward M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTGastrostomy tube (GT) complications are often managed in the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to characterize and compare the pattern of ED presentations of GT complications in adults and children. A retrospective chart review of patients with GT complications presenting to 3 Australian EDs in 2 years was undertaken. ED visits for GT complications occurred in 70 GT patients (36 adults, 34 children) with 122 presentations. When comparing adults to children, infections occurred in 21% versus 36%, respectively; P = 0.08, mechanical issues in 48% versus 52%; P = 0.86, vomiting in 23% versus 8%; P = 0.02, and other issues in 7% versus 5%; P = 0.7. Presentation to ED within 28 days of initial GT insertion occurred in 3 (8%) adults and 3 (9%) children, predominantly with tube dislodgement. GT complications seen in ED are predominantly infectious and mechanical in nature, with an increased frequency of vomiting in adults when compared with children.
One‐year Outcomes of Congenital Duodenal Obstruction
Authors: Bethell George S. , Long Anna‐May , Knight Marian , Hall Nigel J. ,   BAPS‐CASS
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) occurs in 1.2 per 10,000 live births and is frequently associated with other anomalies, most commonly cardiac. The aim of this study was to report important outcomes to 1 year following surgical repair.Methods:This was a prospective population‐based study using the British Association of Paediatric Surgeons Congenital Anomaly Surveillance System. Cases were identified at specialist pediatric surgical centres in the United Kingdom during a 12‐month period starting in March 2016. Outcomes were recorded at 1 year following surgical repair.Results:There were 100 infants with possible follow‐up at 1 year and follow‐up was achieved in 80 of these (80%) of whom 76 were alive at 1 year. The remainder had been discharged home, although one remained on parenteral nutrition. Five (6.1%) infants underwent repeat surgery for reasons related to CDO and overall 23 (23%) experienced at least 1 central venous catheter‐related complication within 1 year. Overall mortality either before repair or within 1 year following surgical repair was 8.4% (95% CI 2.5%–14.4%), no deaths were related to CDO.Conclusions:One year outcomes for CDO are generally very good with poor outcomes typically related to comorbidities. These data are useful for national benchmarking and parental counselling.
Use of Dietary Supplements in Pediatric Liver Disease and Transplantation
Authors: Korotkaya Yelena , Conner Kim , Lau Jen , Mullin Gerard , Harpavat Sanjiv , Miloh Tamir , Mogul Douglas 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Dietary supplements are frequently used by healthy individuals and those with chronic medical conditions but may cause damage to the liver. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and attitudes of dietary supplement use, and the frequency of disclosure to healthcare providers among parents/caregivers for children with chronic liver disease.Methods:We developed an anonymous survey for parents/caregivers of children (<18 years old) with chronic liver disease or liver transplant recipients and distributed the survey through social media groups organized around pediatric liver diseases.Results:The survey was completed by 101 parents/caregivers (48 without transplant and 53 posttransplant).Among respondents, 87% agreed they would use dietary supplements to help their child, but parents/caregivers of transplant recipients were less likely to consider use (77% vs 98%; P = 0.01). In the past 12 months, 83% reported dietary supplement use including 47% who used nonvitamin/mineral supplements. In two‐thirds of parents/caregivers, use was initiated by their personal belief. Although 77% of respondents disclosed their use to their liver team, disclosure varied depending on the supplement with no individual that used cannabinoid products disclosing the use.Conclusions:Dietary supplements are frequently used by children with liver disease and may exceed use in other pediatric conditions. Though most parents report use to their liver team, disclosure may vary depending on the specific supplement. Providers should take extra measures to review use of supplements with their patients and work to develop trust with their families to obtain accurate disclosure of use.
Adolescent Endometriosis
Authors: Gubbels Ashley , Spivack Lauren , Lindheim Steven R. , Bhagavath Bala 
Published: August 2020

Importance
Endometriosis is a major health concern in the adolescent population and significantly impacts daily physical and psychosocial functioning. Endometriosis can have differing presentations in this population, and the diagnosis often involves long delays and multiple visits to specialists.

Objective
The aim of this review is to discuss adolescent endometriosis, factors specific to this population, accurate diagnosis, and evidence-based surgical and medical management.

Evidence Acquisition
Computerized searches on the topic of endometriosis and adolescent endometriosis were completed. References from identified sources were then searched manually to allow for a thorough review. Data from relevant sources were synthesized to create the review.

Results
The literature supports endometriosis as a frequent cause of secondary dysmenorrhea. The characteristics of adolescents with endometriosis are shown to differ from those of adults. Initial medical therapy includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and combined hormonal contraceptives, but laparoscopy does have a role in the adolescent population, particularly those who have inadequate response to these treatments. Adolescent endometriosis may have a different appearance and be of all stages. Medical therapies are similar to that of the adult population; however, the benefits of medical and surgical management must be tailored to the adolescent patient.

Conclusions and Relevance
Adolescent endometriosis is likely a more prevalent cause of dysmenorrhea than currently appreciated. A high index of suspicion combined with recognition of risk factors and history-based markers of endometriosis may help identify adolescent endometriosis earlier and avoid delays in diagnosis. Expert opinion supports earlier laparoscopic evaluation in patients with symptoms unresponsive to oral medications, those who have failed initial medical therapy, or those who have evidence of deeply invasive disease, such as an endometrioma. Surgeons should be familiar with the unique appearance of lesions in the adolescent and understand the evidence as it relates to surgical therapy. Postoperative medical management is generally advocated by many, although the efficacy remains unclear at present.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to describe the nature of adolescent endometriosis as a disease entity, along with risk factors and clinical markers; identify the role of laparoscopic evaluation in diagnosis and management; and explain the evidence-based medication options available to this patient population.
Adjuvant Human Papillomavirus Vaccine to Reduce Recurrent Cervical Dysplasia in Unvaccinated Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lichter Katie , Krause Danielle , Xu Jingwen , Tsai Sung Huang Laurent , Hage Camille , Weston Erica , Eke Ahizechukwu , Levinson Kimberly 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2020;135:1070–1083)
Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) oncotypes 16 and 18 accounts for up to 70% of all HPV-associated cervical cancer cases. Although the majority of HPV infections are cleared quickly by the immune system, a subset of approximately 10% to 20% of infections will persist, leading to disease progression and invasive cancer.
Effectiveness of Nitrous Oxide in External Cephalic Version on Success Rate: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dochez Vincent , Esbelin Julie , Misbert Emilie , Arthuis Chloé , Drouard Anne , Badon Virginie , Fenet Olivier , Thubert Thibault , Winer Norbert 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020;99:391–398)
Approximately 4% of all singleton pregnancies are breech at term. These births are associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality compared with births with cephalic presentations.
Host Genomics of the HIV-1 Reservoir Size and Its Decay Rate During Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Thorball Christian W. , Borghesi Alessandro , Bachmann Nadine , Von Siebenthal Chantal , Vongrad Valentina , Turk Teja , Neumann Kathrin , Beerenwinkel Niko , Bogojeska Jasmina , Roth Volker , Kok Yik Lim , Parbhoo Sonali , Wieser Mario , Böni Jürg , Perreau Matthieu , Klimkait Thomas , Yerly Sabine , Battegay Manuel , Rauch Andri , Schmid Patrick , Bernasconi Enos , Cavassini Matthias , Kouyos Roger D. , Günthard Huldrych F. , Metzner Karin J. , Fellay Jacques ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: August 2020

Background:
The primary hurdle for the eradication of HIV-1 is the establishment of a latent viral reservoir early after primary infection. Here, we investigated the potential influence of human genetic variation on the HIV-1 reservoir size and its decay rate during suppressive antiretroviral treatment.

Setting:
Genome-wide association study and exome sequencing study to look for host genetic determinants of HIV-1 reservoir measurements in patients enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, a nation-wide prospective observational study.

Methods:
We measured total HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from study participants, as a proxy for the reservoir size at 3 time points over a median of 5.4 years, and searched for associations between human genetic variation and 2 phenotypic readouts: the reservoir size at the first time point and its decay rate over the study period. We assessed the contribution of common genetic variants using genome-wide genotyping data from 797 patients with European ancestry enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and searched for a potential impact of rare variants and exonic copy number variants using exome sequencing data generated in a subset of 194 study participants.

Results:
Genome-wide and exome-wide analyses did not reveal any significant association with the size of the HIV-1 reservoir or its decay rate on suppressive antiretroviral treatment.

Conclusions:
Our results point to a limited influence of human genetics on the size of the HIV-1 reservoir and its long-term dynamics in successfully treated individuals.