bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair of Longitudinal Meniscal Tears by Single or Double Vertical Loop Sutures: In vitro Biomechanical Study under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Kurnaz Recep , Aşçı Murat , Ergün Selim , Akgün Umut , Güneş Taner 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne of the factors affecting the healing of a meniscus repair is the primary stability of the tear. The purpose of this study is to compare single and double vertical loop (SVL vs. DVL) meniscal suture configurations by measuring elongation under cyclic loading and failure properties under ultimate load. We hypothesized that DVL configuration would have superior biomechanical properties than SVL. Twenty-two intact lateral menisci were harvested from patients who required total knee arthroplasty. A 20-mm longitudinal full-thickness cut was made 3 mm from the peripheral rim to simulate a longitudinal tear. Two groups were formed and group randomization was done according to patient age and gender (SVL group: mean age 68.3 years [range, 58–78 years], five males, six females; DVL group: mean age 67.4 years [range, 59–77 years], six males, five females). Cyclic loading was performed between 5 and 30 N at a frequency of 1 Hz for 500 cycles. Then, the meniscus repair construct was loaded until failure. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test and the Mann–Whitney's U-test. During the early phases of cyclic loading, three specimens from each group failed because of suture pull out and are excluded from the study. At the end of 500 cycles, there was significantly less displacement in the DVL group than the SVL group (6.13 ± 1.04 vs. 9.3 ± 2.59 mm) (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between groups regarding ultimate load to failure measurements (p > 0.05). All specimens in SVL and five specimens in DVL groups failed in the form of suture pull out from the meniscus tissue. Longitudinal meniscal tears repaired with DVL configuration had less elongation value under cyclic loading compared with SVL configuration. Because of its superior biomechanical properties, it would be more secure to repair large and instable longitudinal meniscal tears by the DVL technique. This is a level II study.
Human stickiness as a counterforce to brain drain: Purpose-driven behaviour among Tanzanian medical doctors and implications for policy
Authors: Emmanuel Ndikumana David , Elo Maria , Piekkari Rebecca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe explain why a group of Tanzanian medical doctors decided to stay in their home country despite a massive brain drain and pressure to migrate. We argue that purpose-driven behaviour among medical doctors serves as a counterforce to brain drain, fostering human stickiness in a developing country context. A sense of purpose provides a novel lens to understand voluntary non-migration of highly-skilled professionals under extreme conditions. Furthermore, incoming expatriate doctors build local capacity by sharing skills and expertise with Tanzanian doctors. This affects the medical doctors’ motives to migrate, further reducing brain drain. These individual-level decisions not to migrate find their application in policy. We advocate policies that support purpose-driven behaviour and generate long-term commitment to a location, while advancing short-term mobility for knowledge sharing. The policy initiatives are targeted at actors in the sending and receiving countries as well as in international organisations, covering concerted multi-layered policies to support family and community embeddedness, to facilitate the incoming of expatriate doctors and foreign exchange, and to cultivate benefits of circular migration. We argue that migration behaviour is more individually grounded and socio-emotionally constructed than what dominant economic-based explanations suggest.
Le développement de l’expression du genre grammatical en français L2
Authors: Edmonds Amanda 
Published: November 2019

RésuméLes recherches portant sur l’acquisition de l’expression du genre grammatical en français langue seconde (L2) nous montrent, entre autres, que les apprenants réussissent plus souvent à marquer le genre avec un nom masculin (vs. un nom féminin) et sur les déterminants plutôt que sur les adjectifs. En revanche, il n’est pas clair si ces tendances générales s’appliquent de la même manière à l’ensemble des noms, adjectifs et déterminants concernés. En d’autres termes, nous pouvons nous demander à quel point l’expression du genre grammatical est déterminée par des spécificités lexicales. Est analysée, dans cette étude, l’évolution du marquage en genre produit par un groupe de 20 apprenants britanniques du français L2 sur une période de 21 mois. Des productions orales et écrites recueillies à trois périodes différentes ont été analysées, et le marquage en genre avec cinq noms féminins fréquents –chose, famille, maison, nourriture, vie – a fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie. Les résultats montrent que l’expression du genre grammatical se développe différemment avec ces cinq noms, résultat qui est interprété à l’aide des approches basées sur l’usage.
The production of geminates in Italian-dominant bilinguals and heritage speakers of Italian
Authors: Einfeldt Marieke , van de Weijer Joost , Kupisch Tanja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examines cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in adult Italian-German bilinguals based on the production of gemination, a phenomenon that exists in Italian but not in German. We analyzed the spontaneous Italian speech of two groups of Italian-German bilinguals (heritage speakers of Italian and Italian-dominant bilinguals) and a monolingual Italian control group. The results show that the geminates produced by the speakers in both bilingual groups were longer than their singletons. From this it seems that gemination is not affected by CLI. Based on our results, we discuss whether CLI is determined by (1) markedness, (2) frequency of Italian input during acquisition, (3) language dominance or (4) relevance (e.g. phonemic status), concluding that the latter is most crucial.
Réseaux sociaux et développement linguistique
Authors: Arvidsson Klara , Lundell Fanny Forsberg , Bartning Inge 
Published: November 2019

Résumé
Cette étude longitudinale contribue aux recherches sur l’acquisition d’une langue seconde (L2) dans le contexte de
séjour linguistique à l'étranger (Study Abroad), où l’on s’intéresse de plus en plus à comprendre comment les facteurs
non-linguistiques interagissent avec le développement linguistique. Elle étudie le rôle de la nature du réseau social (au sens
sociologique) de l’apprenant dans le développement de la production orale en français L2 chez deux étudiants suédois qui passent
un semestre en France et dont les niveaux d’intégration dans la communauté de la langue cible (LC) s’opposent. L’analyse suggère
qu’un réseau social plus riche en relations en LC confère un avantage supplémentaire en ce qui concerne le développement du
répertoire des expressions polylexicales (EPL) de l’apprenant, mais non pas le développement de l’exactitude grammaticale, de la
diversité lexicale et de l’usage des marqueurs discursifs. Ainsi, l’étude vient partiellement à l’appui de la supposition que le
réseau social de l’apprenant explique la variation individuelle dans le développement linguistique.
Role of gender and urban/rural divide in language shift in Pakistani Punjab
Authors: John Asher 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Despite positive attitudes towards Punjabi in the urban areas of Pakistani Punjab, there is a shift towards the Urdu language in almost all domains. This study shows that significant differences in language choices are found between the rural/urban and male/female residents of Punjab province. Urban females are leading this shift in spite of their positive attitudes towards Punjabi. Urban females use Punjabi very little and only in the home domain. In social and business domains Punjabi language is almost non-existent among urban, educated, and middle class females. The shift from Punjabi to Urdu in the educated urban female group is almost complete in spite of their positive attitudes towards their ancestral language. Urban males use more Punjabi than the urban females. In rural areas Punjabi is still used in most domains by both males and females.
Enhancement of droplet ejection from molten and liquid plasma-facing surfaces by the electric field of the sheath*
Authors: Holgate J T , Coppins M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Maintaining the stability of a liquid surface in contact with a plasma is of crucial importance in a range of industrial and fusion applications. The most fundamental feature of a plasma-surface interaction, the formation of a highly-charged sheath region, has been neglected from the majority of previous studies of plasma-liquid interactions. This paper considers the effect of the electric field of the sheath on the ejection of micron-scale droplets from bubbles bursting at the liquid surface. A numerical simulation method, based on the ideal electrohydrodynamic model, is introduced and validated against the well-known Taylor cone theory. This model is then used to include the electrical effects of the sheath in simulations of bubble bursting events at a plasma-liquid interface. The results show a significant enhancement in droplet ejection at modest electric fields of between 10% and 20% of the critical field strength required for a solely electrohydrodynamic instability. This finding is in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations and its importance in a wide range of fusion and atmospheric-pressure plasma-liquid interactions is discussed. The inclusion of sheath physics in future studies of plasma-liquid interactions is strongly advocated.
Exploring the energy frontier with deep inelastic scattering at the LHC
Authors: Brüning Oliver , Klein Max 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A proposal is described for complementing the intense, high energy proton and ion beams of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with a novel electron energy recovery linac (ERL) to provide a next generation electron-hadron collider facility of more than 1 TeV center-of-mass energy. This Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) will substantially extend the kinematic range covered by the first ep collider, HERA, and surpass its luminosity by a factor of several hundreds. This configuration will be a microscope for the substructure of matter with unprecedentedly clean resolution and a facility for new physics in the Higgs, strong interaction and electroweak sector with a strong discovery potential. The paper also describes the accelerator design and its main characteristics. As such it had been submitted to the deliberations on the future of European particle physics.
Thermal instability and non-equilibrium in solar coronal loops: from coronal rain to long-period intensity pulsations
Authors: Antolin P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The complex interaction of the magnetic field with matter is the key to some of the most puzzling observed phenomena at multiple scales across the Universe, from tokamak plasma confinement experiments in the laboratory to the filamentary structure of the interstellar medium. A major astrophysical puzzle is the phenomenon of coronal heating, upon which the most external layer of the solar atmosphere, the corona, is sustained at multi-million degree temperatures on average. However, the corona also conceals a cooling problem. Indeed, recent observations indicate that, even more mysteriously, like snowflakes in the oven, the corona hosts large amounts of cool material termed coronal rain, hundreds of times colder and denser, that constitute the seed of the famous prominences. Numerical simulations have shown that this cold material does not stem from the inefficiency of coronal heating mechanisms, but results from the specific spatio-temporal properties of these. As such, a large fraction of coronal loops, the basic constituents of the solar corona, are suspected to be in a state of thermal non-equilibrium (TNE), characterised by heating (evaporation) and cooling (condensation) cycles whose telltale observational signatures are long-period intensity pulsations in hot lines and thermal instability-driven coronal rain in cool lines, both now ubiquitously observed. In this paper, we review this yet largely unexplored strong connection between the observed properties of hot and cool material in TNE and instability and the underlying coronal heating mechanisms. Focus is set on the long-observed coronal rain, for which significant research already exists, contrary to the recently discovered long-period intensity pulsations. We further identify the outstanding open questions in what constitutes a new, rapidly growing field of solar physics.
Towards error categorisation in BCI: single-trial EEG classification between different errors
Authors: Wirth C , Dockree P M , Harty S , Lacey E , Arvaneh M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective. Error-related potentials (ErrP) are generated in the brain when humans perceive errors. These ErrP signals can be used to classify actions as erroneous or non-erroneous, using single-trial electroencephalography (EEG). A small number of studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using ErrP detection as feedback for reinforcement-learning-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI), confirming the possibility of developing more autonomous BCI. These systems could be made more efficient with specific information about the type of error that occurred. A few studies differentiated the ErrP of different errors from each other, based on direction or severity. However, errors cannot always be categorised in these ways. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of differentiating very similar error conditions from each other, in the absence of previously explored metrics. Approach. In this study, we used two data sets with 25 and 14 participants to investigate the differences between errors. The two error conditions in each task were similar in terms of severity, direction and visual processing. The only notable differences between them were the varying cognitive processes involved in perceiving the errors, and differing contexts in which the errors occurred. We used a linear classifier with a small feature set to differentiate the errors on a single-trial basis. Main results. For both data sets, we observed neurophysiological distinctions between the ErrPs related to each error type. We found further distinctions between age groups. Furthermore, we achieved statistically significant single-trial classification rates for most participants included in the classification phase, with mean overall accuracy of 65.2% and 65.6% for the two tasks. Significance. As a proof of concept our results showed that it is feasible, using single-trial EEG, to classify these similar error types against each other. This study paves the way for more detailed and efficient learning in BCI, and thus for a more autonomous human-machine interaction.
The effect of temperature distribution in the lunar mantle on joint inversion of geochemical (bulk chemical composition), seismic and selenodetic (GRAIL and LLR) data
Authors: Kronrod E , Matsumoto K , Kuskov O , Kronrod V , Yamada R , Kamata S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using Bayes inversion approach and Markov chain Monte Carlo method (MCMC), we studied the effect of temperature distribution in the lunar mantle on the chemical composition (concentrations of main oxides Al2O3, FeO, MgO) and seismic velocities in the mantle. The temperature and concentrations of the main oxides were calculated with thermodynamic methods for phase relations and physical properties modeling in the system CaO-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 using the Gibbs free energy minimization method. A set of geophysical data was used for the inversion (slenodetic: mean radius (R), mass (M), normalized moment of inertia (Is / MR2), Love number k2 and seismic data – seismic travel times (TT). The Moon is assumed to be viscoelastic, spherically symmetric, and consists of nine layers with constant physical properties in each layer: megaregolith, crust, four mantle layers, low viscosity zone (LVZ), liquid outer core and solid inner core. Physical properties in each zone are assumed to be constant. The division of the mantle into layers was performed in accordance with the seismic model. The concentrations of the main oxides were set equal in the three upper layers of the mantle; the magma ocean model was used to calculate oxide concentrations in the lower mantle.
Two types of geochemical models of bulk composition of the Moon were considered: 1 -models with similar to silicate Earth Al2O3 content, 2 - models enriched in Al2O3 (> 4.5 wt.%). Linear temperature profiles in the mantle were considered, the temperature was set in the middle of the mantle layers at depths of 150, 375, 625 and 1000 km. At a depth of 150 km, the temperature was set at 600 ° C; in the lower mantle, it varied from 1000 to 1400 ° C. For both types of models and wide temperature range in the lower mantle, it is possible to obtain distributions of the main oxides concentrations in the mantle which are consistent with a given Al2O3 and FeO bulk composition. Calculated concentrations and velocities in the mantle are in good agreement with the results obtained by other authors.
Analysis of correction of asteroid Apophis’ orbit providing its collision with the Moon
Authors: Ivashkin V V , Stikhno C A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In case of possible asteroid Apophis’ collision with the Earth, we estimate characteristics of such orbit correction, which will provide asteroid’s deflection from the Earth and its collision with the Moon. By this way, we will avoid any danger from this asteroid’s close approaches with the Earth in the future. We developed a method for searching these trajectories providing collision with the Moon depending on date of correction. Such trajectories were found for next two decades. Parameters for one-impulse correction were estimated. Additionally an optimization of correction impulse was performed based on the time of collision with the Moon. Parameters of Apophis’ collision with the Moon were calculated.
Nonlinear visco-elastic-plastic model of impact
Authors: Borovin G K , Lapshin V V 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA nonlinear model of the impact of a visco-elastic-plastic body against a fixed obstacle is investigated. This model is reduced to a nonlinear second-order differential equation. The solution of the body motion equation using the special Lambert function is obtained. Within the framework of the model, an elastic and absolutely inelastic impact are possible. In the case of an elastic impact, the coefficient of restitution decreases when of the impact velocity is increasing.
The construction of the portrait of the correlation dimension of an attractor in the boundary layer of Earth’s atmosphere
Authors: Dmitrenko A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The construction of the portrait of the correlation dimension of the attractor in the boundary layer of Earth’s atmosphere on the basis of the new theory of stochastic hydrodynamics is presented. This theory is based on the theory of stochastic equations of continuum laws and equivalence of measures between random and deterministic movements. Using these equations a new formula for the correlation dimension of the attractor is applying for conditions in the boundary layer of Earth’s atmosphere.
On two experiments with falling chains
Authors: Domnyshev A A , Kalinichenko V A , Shkapov P M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article considers paradoxical results of metal chain movement that do not agree with classical theoretical models. We present the results of experiments with the falling U-folded chain and with chain fountain. The velocity and acceleration of chain motion were measured and estimated. The trajectory of the fountaining chain links has been investigated experimentally. A comparison of the experimental data with existing theoretical models is made.
Free motion of the deformable Earth’s pole
Authors: Yu Barkin M , Bondarenko V V , Perepelkin V V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Free motion of the Earth pole is studied on the base of Euler-Liouville dynamic equations of the deformable Earth motion around its center of mass. The dependence of the external influence amplitude from dissipation coefficients is found for the stationary mode of the Earth pole oscillations on the Chandler frequency and external disturbance with the Chandler frequency. It is shown that the Chandler wobble amplitude is sensitive to the difference between the Chandler frequency and those close to it and to the nonlinear dissipation coefficients. The stability conditions of the steady Chandler wobble are defined.
Mechanics of stability’s loss in the skiing turning
Authors: Legotin S D , Rivlin A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the mechanics of the loss of an athlete transverse steady state when performing a ski turn. The analysis of the loss of stable position of the rod model of the mechanical system "skier-skis" in the lateral sliding of skis and falling in the frontal plane was performed. The conditions and possible ways of preventing the skier from falling and restoring a stable position during turn are quantified.
Determination of constraint stabilization parameters with multiple roots of characteristic equation
Authors: Kaspirovich I E , Askarova K Z , Mukharlyamov R G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During a numerical integration of motion equations of a constrained mechanical system effect of deviations from initial data can be neglected with the help of Baumgarte stabilization method. According to this method first time derivatives of constraint equations are not considered as first integrals and are equated to an arbitrarily linear form of constraints themselves. The coefficients of these forms are called perturbation parameters. So, the problem of constraint stabilization is reduced to a problem of finding an appropriate range of perturbation parameters’ values. This problem can be solved by obtaining these values with the help of stability conditions. The procedure of evaluation is getting even more easier if the perturbation coefficients correspond to the multiple root case of its characteristic equation.
Analysis of the k-ary Euclid for tuples of integers
Authors: Amer Ismail , Ishmukhametov Sh T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In our paper we discuss the k-ary Euclid Algorithm for counting the great common divisor (GCD) of two or more integers and suggest some improvements. This gives us a possibility to parallelize and speed up the calculating of GCD, which has a variety of applications in the Number Theory, Modular Arithmetic and the Cryptography Algorithms such as RSA, ElGamal encryption system and others.
Classification of sociotechnical landscapes on the basis of analogies of cortege codes of indicators
Authors: Artemenko M V , Budanov V G , Korenevskiy N A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Now new technologies within the Industry 4.0 develop. Convergence of various applications of applied mathematics for a research of a synergetic coevolution the sociotechnical landscapes (STL) is intensified. STL is presented in the form of a taxonomical ontologic matrix which elements are symbols of the Cartesian work of sets social the practician and digital technologies. The train of indicator signs which is unambiguously characterizing levels of tension of STL is applied to classification of STL. The method of coding of indicator signs for calculation of value of the qualifier based on calculation of a binary code on function of accessory of each sign which carrier is the natural logarithm of a relative deviation of nominal rate of sign from registered is described. The reversibility of formation of the qualifier allows carrying out decrease in dimension of feature space without information losses. Results of researches STL of Kursk region are given in work (the train was presented by 20 indicators). The conclusion about prospects of application of the considered applied method of the mathematical analysis of the solution of classification tasks is drawn.