bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promotion of Myofibroblast Differentiation and Tissue Fibrosis by the Leukotriene B4–Leukotriene B4 Receptor Axis in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Liang Minrui , Lv Jiaoyan , Jiang Zhixing , He Hang , Chen Chen , Xiong Yinluo , Zhu Xiaoxia , Xue Yu , Yu Yiyun , Yang Sen , Wang Lingbiao , Li Wenjing , Guan Ming , Wan Weiguo , He Rui , Zou Hejian 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of the inflammatory lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and its receptor, BLT1, in the development and progression of systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsSerum levels of LTB4 were compared in 64 patients with SSc and 80 healthy controls. Skin and lung tissue sections from patients with SSc and healthy donors were immunostained for leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), the critical enzyme for LTB4 synthesis, and BLT1, in combination with different cell markers. In mouse models of SSc using bleomycin or angiotensin II challenge or immunization with the DNA topoisomerase I, genetic or pharmacologic interruption of the LTB4–BLT1 axis in mice was carried out to assess its effects on systemic disease features and myofibroblast markers. Immunoblotting was performed to examine the signaling pathway in fibroblasts and endothelial cells following stimulation with LTB4 or with serum from SSc patients.ResultsSerum LTB4 levels were 44.93% higher in patients with SSc than in matched healthy controls (mean ± SD 220.3 ± 74.75 pg/ml versus 152.0 ± 68.05 pg/ml; P < 0.0001), and this was associated with the patient subsets of SSc‐associated interstitial lung disease and diffuse cutaneous SSc. Levels of LTA4H and BLT1 were increased in lesional areas of the skin and lungs of SSc patients, and both were abundant in myofibroblasts and endothelial cells. Interruption of the LTB4–BLT1 axis in mouse models of SSc significantly mitigated dermal and pulmonary fibrosis, with 54.00% and 52.65% fewer α‐smooth muscle actin–positive myofibroblasts accumulating in the skin and lungs of mice, respectively, after bleomycin challenge. Immunoblotting of cultures with recombinant LTB4–stimulated fibroblasts and endothelial cells or with serum from SSc patients showed that fibroblast–myofibroblast and endothelial–mesenchymal transitions were promoted via BLT1, and that this was dependent on activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway but independent of the release of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) by fibroblasts or endothelial cells.ConclusionThe LTB4–BLT1 axis may contribute to fibrosis in SSc by directly promoting myofibroblast differentiation via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and this appears to operate independently of autocrine secretion of TGFβ.
The citation advantage of promoted articles in a cross‐publisher distribution platform: A 12‐month randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kudlow Paul , Bissky Dziadyk Devin , Rutledge Alan , Shachak Aviv , Eysenbach Gunther 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is currently a paucity of evidence‐based strategies that have been shown to increase citations of peer‐reviewed articles following their publication. We conducted a 12‐month randomized controlled trial to examine whether the promotion of article links in an online cross‐publisher distribution platform (TrendMD) affects citations. In all, 3,200 articles published in 64 peer‐reviewed journals across eight subject areas were block randomized at the subject level to either the TrendMD group (n = 1,600) or the control group (n = 1,600) of the study. Our primary outcome compares the mean citations of articles randomized to TrendMD versus control after 12 months. Articles randomized to TrendMD showed a 50% increase in mean citations relative to control at 12 months. The difference in mean citations at 12 months for articles randomized to TrendMD versus control was 5.06, 95% confidence interval [2.87, 7.25], was statistically significant (p < .001) and found in three of eight subject areas. At 6 months following publication, articles randomized to TrendMD showed a smaller, yet statistically significant (p = .005), 21% increase in mean citations, relative to control. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial to demonstrate how an intervention can be used to increase citations of peer‐reviewed articles after they have been published.
The Great Hack (documentary film). Produced and directed by Karim Amer and Jehane Noujaim. Netflix, 2019. 1 hour 54 minutes
Authors: Seadle Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe documentary's core argument is that big data and targeted data have been used successfully to influence enough “persuadable” voters to influence the outcome of key elections such as the Brexit referendum and the 2016 US presidential race, and the film pushes this theme by picking just the right facts to make a case. This review will attempt to put The Great Hack in its historical, political, and technical context, and will try to answer the question: How dangerous was Cambridge Analytica? The documentary claims the technology is to some considerable degree dangerous, although perhaps less dangerous than those involved with Cambridge Analytica like to think. The film is certainly worth viewing, as long as the viewer remembers that it is good journalism, but not a scholarly analysis.
HIF‐1 Signaling Pathway Implicated in Phenotypic Instability in a Chinese Hamster Ovary Production Cell Line
Authors: Lieske Paulena L. , Wei Wei , Crowe Kerstin B. , Figueroa Bruno , Zhang Lin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMonitoring genotypic and phenotypic stability is crucial during the development of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. Although genotypic instability is well‐studied, there are few reports on phenotypic instability. Here, a case study of two clonal cell lines derived from Pfizer's site‐specific integration expression platform that expresses the same monoclonal antibody is described. It is shown that both cell lines (herein referred to as “Cell Line A” and “Cell Line B”) are genotypically stable up to 130 generations. However, when both cell lines are run side‐by‐side in a fed‐batch production assay, productivity from Cell Line A later generation cells is much lower when compared to earlier generation cells. Phenotypically, later generation Cell Line A cells display increased lactate production, decreased productivity, and decreased cell viability. Metabolic analysis reveals that Cell Line A exhibits increased glycolysis activity and capacity at higher generational age. Whole transcriptomic sequencing shows significant upregulation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) signaling pathway and associated downstream targets. Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirms elevated HIF‐1α protein in Cell Line A cells at later generation. These results suggest a novel role for HIF‐1α in the age‐associated metabolic changes that result in the phenotypic instability of a recombinant CHO cell line.
Precision medication: An illustrative case series guiding the clinical application of multi‐drug interactions and pharmacogenomics
Authors: Bain Kevin T. , McGain David , Cicali Emily J. , Knowlton Calvin H. , Michaud Veronique , Turgeon Jacques 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrecision medication entails selecting the precise medication, dose, and timing of administration. Multi‐drug interactions and genetics significantly affect precision medication. In this article, we present two simulated cases for real‐world applications of precision medication. Clinicians may need to acquire additional skills to apply the principles illustrated by these cases.
Functionalization of Piperidine Derivatives for the Site‐Selective and Stereoselective Synthesis of Positional Analogues of Methylphenidate
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Babl Tobias , Röther Alexander , Reiser Oliver , Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRhodium‐catalyzed C−H insertions and cyclopropanations of donor/acceptor carbenes have been used for the synthesis of positional analogues of methylphenidate. The site selectivity is controlled by the catalyst and the amine protecting group. C−H functionalization of N‐Boc‐piperidine using Rh2(R‐TCPTAD)4, or N‐brosyl‐piperidine using Rh2(R‐TPPTTL)4 generated 2‐substitited analogues. In contrast, when N‐α‐oxoarylacetyl‐piperidines were used in combination with Rh2(S‐2‐Cl‐5‐BrTPCP)4, the C−H functionalization produced 4‐susbstiuted analogues. Finally, the 3‐substituted analogues were prepared indirectly by cyclopropanation of N‐Boc‐tetrahydropyridine followed by reductive regio‐ and stereoselective ring‐opening of the cyclopropanes.
Intensive statin treatment ameliorate the Th17/Treg functional imbalance in patients with non‐ST elevation acute coronary syndrome underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ma Xiaojing , Liu Shilei , Li Teng , Yuan Haitao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInflammation plays important roles in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Statins exert positive effects on the plaque stabilization through anti‐inflammation, however, the detailed mechanism is still under investigation.HypothesisStudies suggest that the Th17/Treg functional imbalance takes key part in the plaque destabilization and the onset of ACS. We hypothesized that intensive statin therapy could ameliorate the Th17/Treg imbalance in patients with ACS.MethodsSixty‐six patients with non‐ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS) were randomized to conventional group and intensive group. Peripheral blood samples were collected on admission and after atorvastatin treatment. The frequencies of circulating Th17 cells and Treg cells, the levels of cytokines associated with Th17 cells (IL‐17, IL‐6 and IL‐23) and associated with Treg cells (IL‐10 and TGF‐β1) were measured through flow cytometry and ELISA assay respectively.ResultsOne week after therapy, the frequencies of circulating Th17 cells of both the groups decreased and the frequencies of circulating Treg cells increased significantly, compared with the basal levels. Furthermore, the decreased frequencies of circulating Th17 cells and the increased frequencies of circulating Treg cells in the intensive group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group. In consistence, the decreased accumulation of IL‐17, IL‐6 and IL‐23 (cytokines relevant to Th17 cells) and the increased accumulation of IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 in peripheral blood were displayed in both groups. The changes are more significant in the intensive group.ConclusionIntensive statins therapy could ameliorate the Th17 and Treg functional imbalance in patients with ACS.
Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention guidelines and colorectal cancer incidence among African Americans and whites: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
Authors: Onyeaghala Guillaume , Lintelmann Anna K. , Joshu Corrine E. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Folsom Aaron R. , Robien Kimberly , Platz Elizabeth A. , Prizment Anna E. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundAdherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) cancer prevention recommendations is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in whites, but only 1 previous study has reported on this link in African Americans. This study assessed the association between the 2018 WCRF/AICR guidelines and CRC incidence in African Americans (26.5%) and whites (73.5%) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities prospective cohort (n = 13,822).MethodsA total of 368 incident CRC cases (268 among whites and 100 among African Americans) were identified between the baseline (1987) and 2012. A baseline adherence score was created for 7 WCRF/AICR guidelines (each contributing 0, 0.5, or 1 point to the score, with higher scores corresponding to greater adherence). Adherence scores were also categorized as tertiles (0.0‐3.0, 3.5‐4.0, and 4.5‐7.0). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the total cohort and with stratification by race.ResultsAfter adjustments for age, sex, race, center, smoking, education, intake of aspirin, calcium, total calories, diabetes status, and, in women, hormone replacement therapy, greater adherence was associated with decreased CRC risk. The HRs per 1‐unit increment in score were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80‐0.97) for the whole cohort, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.73‐1.09) for African Americans, and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.77‐0.99) for whites. Similar associations between higher adherence scores and decreased cancer risk were observed for men and women and for colon cancer but not for rectal cancer.ConclusionsGreater adherence to the cancer prevention recommendations appears to be associated with decreased CRC risk for both African Americans and whites.
Gut dysbiosis during antileukemia chemotherapy versus allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Rashidi Armin , Kaiser Thomas , Graiziger Carolyn , Holtan Shernan G. , Rehman Tauseef Ur , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Dunny Gary M. , Khoruts Alexander , Staley Christopher 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIn the field of malignant hematology, most microbiome studies have focused on recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT). As a result, this population has remained the primary target for novel microbiota therapeutics. Because the types of insults to the microbiome are similar during hematopoietic cell transplantation and intensive antileukemia therapy, this study evaluated whether the dysbiosis states are similar in the 2 settings.MethodsThis study compared gut microbiota assemblages and community domination states in 2 cohorts of patients: patients with intensively treated acute leukemia (AL) and allo‐HCT recipients. 16S ribosomal RNA gene profiling of thrice weekly stool samples was performed. Linear discriminant analysis effect size was used to determine differentially abundant taxa in groups of interest, and mixed modes were used to determine the predictors of microbiome states.ResultsMicrobiome changes in both cohorts were characterized by a marked loss of diversity and domination of low‐diversity communities by Enterococcus. In the AL cohort, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was also inversely correlated with diversity. Communities dominated by these genera were compositionally different.ConclusionsSimilarities in microbiota assemblages between the 2 cohorts support a broader scope for microbiota‐directed therapeutics than previously considered, whereas specific differences suggest a personalized aspect to such therapeutics with the possibility of a differential response.
Temperature estimation of inflamed bowel by the photoacoustic inverse approach
Authors: Alaeian Mohsen , Orlande Helcio R. B. , Machado João Carlos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLocal temperature increase is one of the five classical signs of regions with inflammations. This work is focused on the application of the photoacoustic technique for the estimation of the temperature field in the colon, as the solution of an inverse problem, for the detection of inflamed regions. Two‐dimensional cases are examined here involving a cross section of the bowel, which characterize either the inflammation of the whole mucosa layer, or three small inflamed regions. The inverse problem is solved for a rotating laser inside the intestine lumen, which imposes pulses for the generation of the acoustic waves. One single ultrasound detector, also located at the laser rotating shaft, provides the simulated measurements for the inverse analysis. The inverse problem is solved here with the minimization of the maximum a posteriori objective function. Results show that the proposed technique can be applied for accurate estimations of the temperature distribution in the region of interest, which might be used for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
On the Global Behavior of Weak Null Quasilinear Wave Equations
Authors: Deng Yu , Pusateri Fabio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe consider a subclass of those quasilinear wave equations in 3 + 1 space‐time dimensions that satisfy the “weak null condition” as defined by Lindblad and Rodnianski , and study the large‐time behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem. The prototype for the class of equations considered is . Global solutions for such equations have been constructed by Lindblad and Alinhac. Our main results are the derivation of a precise asymptotic system with good error bounds, and a detailed description of the behavior of solutions close to the light cone, including the blowup at infinity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Outcomes of Treatment Initiation With Brand vs. Generic Warfarin in Older Patients
Authors: Desai Rishi J. , Gopalakrishnan Chandrasekar , Dejene Sara , Sarpatwari Ameet S. , Levin Raisa , Dutcher Sarah K. , Wang Zhong , Wittayanukorn Sara , Franklin Jessica M. , Gagne Joshua J. 
Published: December 2019

The anticoagulant response to warfarin, a narrow therapeutic index drug, increases with age, which may make older patients susceptible to adverse outcomes resulting from small differences in bioavailability between generic and brand products. Using US Medicare claims linked to electronic medical records from two large hospitals in Boston, we designed a cohort study of ≥ 65‐year‐old patients. Patients were followed for a composite effectiveness outcome of ischemic stroke or venous thromboembolism, a composite safety outcome, including major hemorrhage, and a 1‐year all‐cause mortality outcome. After propensity score fine‐stratification and weighting to account for > 90 confounders, hazard ratios comparing brand vs. generic warfarin initiators (95% confidence intervals) for the effectiveness, safety, and all‐cause mortality outcomes, were 0.97 (0.65–1.46), 0.94 (0.65–1.35), and 0.84 (0.62–1.13), respectively. Results from subgroup analyses of patients with atrial fibrillation, CHADS‐VASc score ≥ 3, and HAS‐BLED score ≥ 3 were consistent with the primary analysis.
Neutrality in Irish mediation, one concept, different meanings
Authors: Cheevers Aonghus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Mediation Act 2017 places mediation at the heart of the civil justice system in Ireland and protects some of the key principles of mediation. This article discusses neutrality, one of these principles. The article shows how neutrality is discussed by two sets of mediation stakeholders (clients and mediators). Using two data sets, the article demonstrates that both groups recognize the influence of neutrality on the mediation process. At the same time, the article shows that the manner in which both groups discuss neutrality is different.
Catalytic Production of Glucose–Galactose Syrup from Greek Yogurt Acid Whey in a Continuous‐Flow Reactor
Authors: Lindsay Mark J. , Huang Kefeng , Buchinger Brent A. , Maravelias Cristos T. , Dumesic James A. , Rankin Scott A. , Huber George W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe hydrolysis of lactose in aqueous solutions and dairy waste streams was studied using Amberlyst 70 as a heterogeneous acid catalyst in a continuous‐flow packed‐bed reactor. The catalyst was stable during hydrolysis of an aqueous lactose feed but deactivated owing to mineral poisoning when the dairy waste Greek yogurt acid whey (GAW) was used as the feedstock. A catalyst deactivation model was developed and showed that the deactivation of the Amberlyst 70 catalyst was proportional to the amounts of cations, urea and amino acids flowing through the catalyst bed. The Amberlyst 70 catalyst was regenerable with an aqueous acid regeneration treatment. Based on the experimental data, a rigorous technoeconomic analysis was performed for the production of glucose–galactose syrup (GGS) via lactose hydrolysis of GAW using three different catalysts. This approach shows that the GGS produced from GAW could become a valuable revenue stream for Greek yogurt manufacturers.
An Overview of Engineered Graphene‐Based Cathodes: Boosting Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in Lithium– and Sodium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Gómez Urbano Juan Luis , Enterría Marina , Monterrubio Iciar , Ruiz de Larramendi Idoia , Carriazo Daniel , Ortiz Vitoriano Nagore , Rojo Teófilo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe depletion of fossil fuels, the rapid evolution of the global economy, and high living standards require the development of new energy‐storage systems that can meet the needs of the world's population. Metal–oxygen batteries (M=Li, Na) arise, therefore, as promising alternatives to widely used lithium‐ion batteries, due to their high theoretical energy density, which approaches that of gasoline. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, there are still several challenges to overcome to reach the final commercialization of this technology. One of the most limiting and challenging factors is the development of bifunctional cathodes towards oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. In this sense, graphene, which is very promising and tunable, has been widely explored by the research community as a key material for this technology. Herein, a wide literature overview is presented and analyzed with the aim of guiding future research in this field.
2 D Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage: Design, Preparation, and Application
Authors: Cui Huijuan , Guo Yibo , Ma Wei , Zhou Zhen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage is a promising route to relieve the increasing energy and environment crises, owing to its high efficiency and environmentally friendly nature. However, it is still challenging to realize its widespread application because of unsatisfactory electrode materials, with either high cost or poor activity and new electrode materials are urgently needed. Two‐dimensional (2 D) materials are possible candidates, owing to their unique geometry and physicochemical properties. This Review summarizes the latest advances in the development of 2 D materials for electrochemical energy storage. Computational investigation and design of 2 D materials are first introduced, and then preparation methods are presented in detail. Next, the application of such materials in supercapacitors, alkali metal‐ion batteries, and metal–air batteries are summarized comprehensively. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are discussed to offer a guideline for future exploration of high‐efficiency 2 D materials for electrochemical energy storage.
A new generalized switched diode multilevel inverter topology with reduced switch count and voltage on switches
Authors: Jagabar Sathik M. , Prabaharan N. , Ibrahim S.A.A. , Vijaykumar K. , Blaabjerg Frede 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis article presents a new multilevel inverter topology with reduced power switches. The proposed topology composes of several series connection of basic unit for obtaining a required output voltage level. The proposed topology can operate in symmetric condition. The proposed topology is connected in a cascaded structure to produce a higher number of output voltage levels. The proposed cascaded structure is optimized with the minimum number of components for the maximum number of levels. To prove the superiority of the proposed multilevel inverter topology, different technical parameter comparisons are carried out with recently developed multilevel inverter topologies from the literature. The calculation of total standing voltage is examined for the proposed topology. The operation of the proposed topology is tested and verified for nine‐level output voltage. The simulated results are carried out, and it is strengthened by the real‐time prototype results.