bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation supports short-term memory in a visual change detection task
Authors: Hu Brian , Garrett Marina E. , Groblewski Peter A. , Ollerenshaw Douglas R. , Shang Jiaqi , Roll Kate , Manavi Sahar , Koch Christof , Olsen Shawn R. , Mihalas Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe maintenance of short-term memories is critical for survival in a dynamically changing world. Previous studies suggest that this memory can be stored in the form of persistent neural activity or using a synaptic mechanism, such as with short-term plasticity. Here, we compare the predictions of these two mechanisms to neural and behavioral measurements in a visual change detection task. Mice were trained to respond to changes in a repeated sequence of natural images while neural activity was recorded using two-photon calcium imaging. We also trained two types of artificial neural networks on the same change detection task as the mice. Following fixed pre-processing using a pretrained convolutional neural network, either a recurrent neural network (RNN) or a feedforward neural network with short-term synaptic depression (STPNet) was trained to the same level of performance as the mice. While both networks are able to learn the task, the STPNet model contains units whose activity are more similar to thein vivodata and produces errors which are more similar to the mice. When images are omitted, an unexpected perturbation which was absent during training, mice often do not respond to the omission but are more likely to respond to the subsequent image. Unlike the RNN model, STPNet also produces a similar pattern of behavior. These results suggest that simple neural adaptation mechanisms may serve as an important bottom-up memory signal in this task, which can be used by downstream areas in the decision-making process.Author SummaryAnimals have to adapt to environments with rich dynamics and maintain multiple types of memories. In this study, we focus on a visual change detection task in mice which requires short-term memory. Learning which features need to be maintained in short-term memory can be realized in a recurrent neural network by changing connections in the network, resulting in memory maintenance through persistent activity. However, in biological networks, a large diversity of time-dependent intrinsic mechanisms are also available. As an alternative to persistent neural activity, we find that learning to make use of internal adapting dynamics better matches both the observed neural activity and behavior of animals in this simple task. The presence of a large diversity of temporal traces could be one of the reasons for the diversity of cells observed. We believe that both learning to keep representations of relevant stimuli in persistent activity and learning to make use of intrinsic time-dependent mechanisms exist, and their relative use will be dependent on the exact task.
Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment and Metabolic Substrate Adaptability are Driven by Hydrogen Sulfide Suppression in Glioblastoma
Authors: Silver Daniel J. , Roversi Gustavo A. , Bithi Nazmin , Neumann Chase K. A. , Troike Katie M. , Ahuja Grace K. , Reizes Ofer , Brown J. Mark , Hine Christopher , Lathia Justin D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) remains among the deadliest of human malignancies. The emergence of the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype represents a major challenge to disease management and durable treatment response. The extrinsic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that result in CSC enrichment are not well understood. The CSC state endows cells with a fluid metabolic profile, enabling the utilization of multiple nutrient sources. Therefore, to test the impact of diet on CSC enrichment, we evaluated disease progression in tumor-bearing mice fed an obesity-inducing high-fat diet (HFD)versusan energy-balanced, low-fat control diet. HFD consumption resulted in hyper-aggressive disease that was accompanied by CSC enrichment and shortened survival. HFD consumption also drove intracerebral accumulation of saturated fats, which in turn inhibited the production and signaling of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S is an endogenously produced bio-active metabolite derived from sulfur amino acid catabolism. It functions principally through protein S-sulfhydration and regulates a variety of programs including mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular metabolism. Inhibition of H2S synthesis resulted in increased proliferation and chemotherapy resistance, whereas treatment with H2S donors led to cytotoxicity and death of cultured GBM cells. Compared to non-cancerous controls, patient GBM specimens were reduced in overall protein S-sulfhydration, which was primarily lost from proteins regulating cellular metabolism. These findings support the hypothesis that diet-regulated H2S signaling serves to suppress GBM by restricting metabolic adaptability, while its loss triggers CSC enrichment and disease acceleration. Interventions augmenting H2S bioavailability concurrent with GBM standard of care may improve outcomes for GBM patients.One Sentence SummaryConsumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) accelerates glioblastoma (GBM) by inhibiting the production and signaling of the tumor-suppressive metabolite hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
Precision engineering of the transcription factor Cre1 inHypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei)for efficient cellulase production in the presence of glucose
Authors: Han Lijuan , Tan Yinshuang , Ma Wei , Niu Kangle , Hou Shaoli , Guo Wei , Liu Yucui , Fang Xu 
Published: March 2020

SummaryInTrichoderma reesei, carbon catabolite repression (CCR) significantly downregulates the transcription of cellulolytic enzymes, which is usually mediated by the zinc finger protein Cre1. It was found that there is a conserved region at the C-terminus of Cre1/CreA in several cellulase-producing fungi that contains up to three continuous S/T phosphorylation sites. Here, S387, S388, T389, and T390 at the C-terminus of Cre1 inT. reeseiwere mutated to valine for mimicking an unphosphorylated state, thereby generating the transformantsTr_Cre1S387V,Tr_Cre1S388V,Tr_Cre1T389V, andTr_Cre1T390V, respectively. Transcription ofcel7ainTr_ Cre1S388Vwas markedly higher than that of the parent strain when grown in glucose-containing media. Under these conditions, both filter paperase (FPase) andp-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside (pNPCase) activities, as well as soluble proteins fromTr_Cre1S388Vwere significantly increased by up to 2- to 3-fold compared with that of other transformants and the parent strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating an improvement of cellulase production in fungal species under CCR by mimicking dephosphorylation at the C-terminus of Cre1. Taken together, we developed a precision engineering strategy based on the modification of phosphorylation sites of Cre1 transcription factor to enhance the production of cellulase in fungal species under CCR.
Ecological opportunity, radiation events and genomic innovations shaped the episodic evolutionary history of papillomaviruses
Authors: Willemsen Anouk , Bravo Ignacio G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPapillomaviruses (PVs) have a wide host range, infecting mammals, birds, turtles, and snakes. The recent discovery of PVs in different fish species allows for a more complete reconstruction of the evolutionary history of this viral family. In this study we perform phylogenetic dating to analyse evolutionary events that occurred during PV evolution, as well as to estimate speciation and evolutionary rates.We have used four different data sets to explore and correct for potential biases that particular taxa combinations may introduce during molecular time inference. When considering the evolution of substitution rates we observed that short-term rate estimates are much higher than long-term rate estimates, also known as the time-dependent rate phenomenon. When considering the evolution of viral branching events (as a proxy for speciation rates), we show that these have not been constant through time, suggesting the occurrence of distinct evolutionary events such as adaptive radiations and/or changes in the available host niches. In a joint analysis with host speciation rates, we identified at least four different evolutionary periods, suggesting that the evolution of PVs has been multiphasic, and thus refining the previously suggested biphasic evolutionary scenario. Thanks to the discovery of novel PVs in basal hosts and to the implementation of a time-dependent rate model for molecular dating, our results provide new insights into the evolutionary history of PVs. In this updated evolutionary scenario, ecological opportunity appears as one main driving force for the different radiation and key-innovation events we observe.
Blended learning source of satisfaction of psychological needs
Authors: Siddiqui Sohni , Soomro Naureen Nazar , Thomas Martin 
Published: March 2020

PurposeIn this study, researchers applied blended learning program to investigate the success of a blended learning program on satisfaction of the psychological needs, and academic achievement of chemistry students of O-Levels, following curriculum prescribed by University of Cambridge.Design/methodology/approachResearch pattern is quantitative aligned with the quasi-experimental and pre-post experimental design which aimed at examining the efficiency of a motivational strategies adopted with the use of blended learning program on psychological needs satisfaction (competence, autonomy, and relatedness) and achievement in chemistry O-Levels Syllabus, at the end of the research program.FindingsHypothesis testing represented that use of blended learning program has significant and positive impact on academic achievements through the mediation of autonomy. Results also revealed the substantial association of blended learning on other psychological needs (i.e., competence and relatedness); however, the competence and relatedness have no effect on academic achievements in this study. Thus, research concludes that providing an autonomous environment in substitution of the controlled environment promotes learning and produces positive outcomes.Originality/valueBlended learning or use of Learning Management Systems is being commonly used mostly in the tertiary level of studies; however, blended learning with secondary classes especially in the field of chemistry is yet not studied in detail. Similarly, the usefulness of the motivational strategies to learn chemistry is observed with university-level students, but very rare data about encouraging students at the secondary level have been gathered. Therefore, the researcher designed this blended learning program to enhance students’ motivation towards achievements in secondary chemistry.
Are vegetarianism and veganism just half the story? Empirical insights from Switzerland
Authors: Mann Stefan , Necula Raluca 
Published: March 2020

PurposePer capita meat consumption in Switzerland has been rather consistent for decades, although the percentage of vegetarians has risen to 14 per cent according to a recent survey. This study tries to resolve this apparent contradictionDesign/methodology/approachThe study is based on household consumption data from Switzerland and focuses on the distribution of consumption rather than on average amounts, using descriptive statistics and a mixed-effects model which explains the coefficient of variation between single consumer consumption amounts.FindingsVegetarianism and veganism are not only overestimated through surveys but also associated with a segment of the population that is consuming increasing amounts of meat. This dual development leads to a stable per capita meat consumption.Originality/valueOur results indicate that greater scientific attention should be paid to this segment of heavy meat eaters.
An ERP success model based on agency theory and IS success model
Authors: Kala Kamdjoug Jean Robert , Bawack Ransome Epie , Tayou Aurel Edith Tuessu 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation model based on the agency theory and the Delone and McLean information systems (IS) success model. This paper answers two major research questions: (i) how does client–consultant interaction affect the outcome of ERP implementation projects; and (ii) how can this interaction be managed effectively to ensure successful project outcomes?Design/methodology/approachAn electronic banking institution in Africa was used to conduct a case study research and examine the validity of the proposed conceptual framework.FindingsBased on the constructs of the conceptual framework, the study found that client–consultant relationships/interactions mediate the effect of human, organizational, and technological critical success factors (CSFs) on information quality, service quality, and information quality. Agency conflicts in client–consultant relationships can be managed using outcome incentive-based contracts and a conflict management committee.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a single case study research. Thus, despite its analytical validity and generalizability, there is a need for more studies on the statistical validity of the model in other contexts.Practical implicationsThis paper provides practical information needed to manage conflicts between clients and consultants, as well as factors that must be considered in order to keep the interest of both parties aligned.Originality/valueNo research has been conducted on how to manage client–consultant interactions and related conflicts in ERP implementation projects. This study fills this gap using a well-established theoretical foundation to propose a conceptual framework that would guide and drive further discussions on the topic. This is also one of the few studies in the context of developing countries.
High-Performance CML approximate full adders for image processing application of laplace transform
Authors: Uoosefian Hamidreza , Navi Keivan , Faghih Mirzaee Reza , Hosseinzadeh Mahdi 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe high demand for fast, energy-efficient, compact computational blocks in digital electronics has led the researchers to use approximate computing in applications where inaccuracy of outputs is tolerable. The purpose of this paper is to present two ultra-high-speed current-mode approximate full adders (FA) by using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors.Design/methodology/approachInstead of using threshold detectors, which are common elements in current-mode logic, diodes are used to stabilize voltage. Zener diodes and ultra-low-power diodes are used within the first and second proposed designs, respectively. This innovation eliminates threshold detectors from critical path and makes it shorter. Then, the new adders are employed in the image processing application of Laplace filter, which detects edges in an image.FindingsSimulation results demonstrate very high-speed operation for the first and second proposed designs, which are, respectively, 44.7 per cent and 21.6 per cent faster than the next high-speed adder cell. In addition, they make a reasonable compromise between power-delay product (PDP) and other important evaluating factors in the context of approximate computing. They have very few transistors and very low total error distance. In addition, they do not propagate error to higher bit positions by generating output carry correctly. According to the investigations, up to four inexact FA can be used in the Laplace filter computations without a significant image quality loss. The employment of the first and second proposed designs results in 42.4 per cent and 32.2 per cent PDP reduction compared to when no approximate FA are used in an 8-bit ripple adder.Originality/valueTwo new current-mode inexact FA are presented. They use diodes as voltage regulators to design current-mode approximate full-adders with very short critical path for the first time.
Leanness evaluation in health-care organizations using fuzzy logic approach
Authors: Suresh M. , Vaishnavi V. , Pai Rajesh D. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeLean practices are one of the fundamental practices adopted by health-care organizations to improve service quality and to reduce cost. In this context, the measurement of leanness in health-care organizations has become imperative. The purpose of this study is to measure the leanness of a hospital using fuzzy logic.Design/methodology/approachThe design of the research includes two major steps. First, the identification of enablers, criteria and attributes of leanness constitutes the measures of assessment. Second, the above measures in the case hospital are assessed by using fuzzy logic approach.FindingsThis study suggests that leanness assessment is essential to identify the current lean capability of a health-care organization. This would help the health-care organizations to improve their lean performance further. The findings of the study suggest that the leanness of the case hospital is “Lean” (fuzzy range: 5.61, 7.24 and 8.91).Practical implicationsThis study brings in three important implications from managerial point of view. First, it helps the management to assess the current level of leanness of the hospital. Second, it identifies the attributes that prevent the organization from being more lean. Third, it provides suggestive measures to address the weaker attributes and enables the enhancement of lean performance further.Originality/valueThe leanness assessment framework developed in the hospital operations is found to be original, and it adds value to the leanness assessment in health-care operations.
Abusive supervisors and employees who cyberloaf
Authors: Agarwal Upasnaa A. , Avey James B. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of abusive supervision on cyberloafing behavior, to test the mediating role of PsyCap in this relationship and the extent to which these relationships are moderated by psychological contract breach.Design/methodology/approachA total of 394 full-time managers across different Indian organizations served as the sample for this study.FindingsThe results revealed that the abusive supervision and PsyCap are significantly correlated with cyberloafing, the relationship between abusive supervision and cyberloafing is partially mediated by PsyCap and the impact of abusive supervision and PsyCap on cyberloafing is moderated by psychological contract breach such that the effects of abusive supervision and PsyCap on cyberloafing are stronger when employees perceive high psychological contract breach.Research limitations/implicationsA cross-sectional design and use of self-reported questionnaires are a few limitations of this study.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies examining cyberloafing in response to abusive supervision and one of the few attempts to examine the effects of abusive supervision on individual resources (PsyCap) in response to workplace mistreatment. This study is also the first to examine these phenomena in the Indian context.
3D printing optimization algorithm based on back-propagation neural network
Authors: Yan Jinshun 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
To obtain a high-quality finished product model, three-dimensional (3D) printing needs to be optimized.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on back-propagation neural network (BPNN), the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was improved for optimizing the parameters of BPNN, and then the model precision was predicted with the improved PSO-BPNN (IPSO-BPNN) taking nozzle temperature, etc. as the influencing factors.

Findings
It was found from the experimental results that the prediction results of IPSO-BPNN were closer to the actual values than BPNN and PSO-BPNN, and the prediction error was smaller; the average error of dimensional precision and surface precision was 6.03% and 6.54%, respectively, which suggested that it could provide a reliable guidance for 3D printing optimization.

Originality/value
The experimental results verify the validity of IPSO-BPNN in 3D printing precision prediction and make some contributions to the improvement of the precision of finished products and the realization of 3D printing optimization.
Intellectual capital in tourism SMEs in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Khalique Muhammad , Hina Khushbakht , Ramayah T. , Shaari Jamal Abdul Nassir bin 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe main aim of this study was to examine the effect of the components of intellectual capital on the organizational performance of SMEs operating in tourism sector at Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachIn this empirical study, survey approach was used and primary data were collected through structured questionnaire. A total of 300 structured questionnaire survey forms were distributed through purposive sampling technique. Two hundred and twenty usable questionnaire survey forms were returned. Six research hypotheses were constructed to achieve the objective of this study. Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) 3 was used to test the proposed research hypotheses.FindingsThe findings showed that two out of six hypotheses were supported. Precisely, customer capital has appeared as one of the most important components of intellectual capital in model. The results showed that the overall intellectual capital has effect on the organizational performance of SMEs. Results shed more light on the effects that the components of intellectual capital have on organizational performance of SMEs, particularly in the context of Pakistan.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to SMEs in tourism sector in Pakistan and the data were gathered through questionnaire which used mostly subjective measures. Subsequently, findings may not be applicable to other industries. The research contributes to the development of intellectual capital literature focused on the organizational performance in the perspective of SMEs in emerging economies. Future research needs to reach beyond the boundaries and understand the effect of intellectual capital on the performance of organizations.Originality/valueThis study extended the knowledge about the prominence of intellectual capital and its effect on the organizational performance of SMEs. Moreover, this study identified the level of existence and measurement of the six components of intellectual capital in SMEs which enables practitioners to develop adequate strategies to better manage it. To author's best knowledge, this study can be the first empirical study which investigates the impact of intellectual capital on the organizational performance of SMEs operating in tourism sector in Pakistan.