bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonvisual aspects of spatial knowledge: Wayfinding behavior of blind persons in Lisbon
Authors: Kan‐Kilic Didem , Dogan Fehmi , Duarte Emilia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBlind individuals' wayfinding performance in complex urban environments is a complex phenomenon. This study investigates the wayfinding strategies of congenitally blind individuals in an urban context. The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which the environmental auditory cues are of primary importance for their wayfinding strategies. The study was conducted in Lisbon, Portugal. Results suggest that auditory information was the most used environmental cue and that a feeling of enclosure is the most important environmental feature during wayfinding. These results corroborate previous findings suggesting that increased familiarity with the environment results in more efficient wayfinding strategies, and that lack of environmental auditory cues could be compensated by a robust cognitive map. The study highlights multidimensional sensory experiences of urban environments and nonvisual aspects of spatial perception.
Mold replication in injection molding of high density polyethylene
Authors: Quadrini Fabrizio , Bellisario Denise , Santo Loredana , Bottini Luana , Boschetto Alberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn order to deepen the mechanisms at the basis of mold surface replication onto the molded plastic surface, a novel experimental approach is proposed. Up to 20 different mold surface textures were made by machining with repetitive patterns of peaks and valleys. Mold replication tests were performed by over‐molding of high density polyethylene (HDPE) on steel inserts. The surface morphology of inserts and injection molded parts was acquired by surface analyzer, and all the main roughness parameters were extracted and compared as well as the geometrical profiles. Surface morphology was also measured on molded samples after thermal relaxation at 100°C. As expected, a strong correlation was found between the roughness of mold insert and molded part over the full experimented range. Profiles on the molded surface have the same repetitive pattern of the corresponding insert surface but with lower peaks, higher valleys, and a horizontal shrinkage. Comparing molded HDPE surface profiles before and after thermal relaxation, it was observed a similar change to the one highlighted between mold insert and molded part. This occurrence suggests that the final surface appearance of the molded part is also a function of the relaxation mechanism during or immediately after injection molding.
Less CO2 and Fine Dust Emissions in Automotive
Authors: Barbosa Maria , Bischoff René , Strauß Wilfried , Hillig Holger , Nowotny Steffen , Leyens Christoph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is increasing pressure on the automotive industry for further reduction of CO2 and particulate (PM10, PM2.5) emissions. One of the main issues is the fine dust resulting from the wear of the brake disc/brake pads, which is considered to be a major source of non‐exhaust traffic‐related emissions, particularly in urban locations. Carbide coatings are the state‐of‐art solution for controlling rotor wear. The challenge of cost‐effective serial production for automotive applications can be mastered by high power laser cladding.
Blue Lasers Move Deeper Into Applications
Authors: Pelaprat Jean‐Michel , Finuf Matthew , Gleeson Richard , Zediker Mark 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the few years that blue lasers have been on the market, they have demonstrated unprecedented materials processing capabilities. Blue lasers bring unmatched speed and quality to the welding of copper, aluminum, and other reflective metals, and those advantages are being applied to consumer electronics, battery fabrication, and e‐mobility production. The latest improvements in power and brightness allow the blue laser to be seamlessly integrated into standard scanning systems, opening up an even wider range of applications.
More Flexibility and Sharp Edges
Authors: Läufle Marco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractManufacturers swear by plastic for panels, knobs and controls in modern vehicles because the material is lighter than metal and the manufacturing and processing costs are comparatively low. In order to still meet the requirements for good haptics, scratch resistance and a noble design, the plastic components are electroplated to give them a metallic surface. However, the industry is facing new challenges that make it necessary to adapt the electroplating processes.
A User‐Friendly Visualization Tool for Multi‐Omics Data
Authors: Huh Sunghyun , Kim Min‐Sik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) initiative has generated large multi‐omic datasets for various cancers. Each dataset consists of common and differential data types, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and post‐translational modifications data. They together make up a rich resource for researchers and clinicians interested in understanding cancer biology to draw from. Nevertheless, the complexity of these multi‐omic datasets and a lack of an easily accessible analytical and visualization tool for exploring them continue to be a hurdle for those who are not trained in bioinformatics. In this issue, Calinawan et al. describe a user‐friendly, web‐based visualization platform named ProTrack for exploring the CPTAC clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) dataset. Compared to other available visualization tools, ProTrack offers an easy yet powerful customization interface, solely dedicated to the CPTAC ccRCC dataset. Their tool enables ready inspection of potential associations between different data types within a single gene or across multiple genes without any need to code. Specific mutation types or phosphosites can also be easily looked up for any gene of interest. Calinawan et al. aim to extend their work into other CPTAC datasets, which will greatly contribute to the CPTAC as well as cancer biology community in general.
Income distribution in family networks by gender and proximity
Authors: Lundholm Emma , Sandow Erika , Malmberg Gunnar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhereas the significance of family networks for support and well‐being has been shown in previous research, few studies have analysed the income distribution within family networks. The aim of this study is to examine income distribution within family networks and how they have changed over time for women and men in different parts of the income distribution and if the incomes are more similar in the geographically proximate family network. The analysis is based on register data and by use of ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regressions. The results indicate that men in the lowest income group tend to have become more similar to their family network over time. Gender differences have decreased, possibly as an effect of women's higher labour market participation rate leading to decreased income disparity. This paper contributes by highlighting how the uneven distribution of economic resources in family networks adds to individual's own resources.
Comparative Effects of Graphene and Molybdenum Disulfide on Human Macrophage Toxicity
Authors: Lin Hazel , Ji Ding‐Kun , Lucherelli Matteo Andrea , Reina Giacomo , Ippolito Stefano , Samorì Paolo , Bianco Alberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGraphene and other 2D materials, such as molybdenum disulfide, have been increasingly used in electronics, composites, and biomedicine. In particular, MoS2and graphene hybrids have attracted a great interest for applications in the biomedical research, therefore stimulating a pertinent investigation on their safety in immune cells like macrophages, which commonly engulf these materials. In this study, M1 and M2 macrophage viability and activation are mainly found to be unaffected by few‐layer graphene (FLG) and MoS2at doses up to 50 µg mL−1. The uptake of both materials is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Notably, both 2D materials increase the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in M1 macrophages. At the highest dose, FLG decreases CD206 expression while MoS2decreases CD80 expression.CathBandCathLgene expressions are dose‐dependently increased by both materials. Despite a minimal impact on the autophagic pathway, FLG is found to increase the expression ofAtg5and autophagic flux, as observed by Western blotting of LC3‐II, in M1 macrophages. Overall, FLG and MoS2are of little toxicity in human macrophages even though they are found to trigger cell stress and inflammatory responses.
Synthesis of Ultrahigh‐Quality Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide through In Situ Defect Healing with Thiol Molecules
Authors: Feng Simin , Tan Junyang , Zhao Shilong , Zhang Shuqing , Khan Usman , Tang Lei , Zou Xiaolong , Lin Junhao , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Liu Bilu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMonolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are 2D materials with many potential applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising method to synthesize these materials. However, CVD‐grown materials generally have poorer quality than mechanically exfoliated ones and contain more defects due to the difficulties in controlling precursors' distribution and concentration during growth where solid precursors are used. Here, thiol is proposed to be used as a liquid precursor for CVD growth of high quality and uniform 2D MoS2. Atomic‐resolved structure characterizations indicate that the concentration of sulfur vacancies in the MoS2 grown from thiol is the lowest among all reported CVD samples. Low temperature spectroscopic characterization further reveals the ultrahigh optical quality of the grown MoS2. Density functional theory simulations indicate that thiol molecules could interact with sulfur vacancies in MoS2 and repair these defects during the growth of MoS2, resulting in high‐quality MoS2. This work provides a facile and controllable method for the growth of high‐quality 2D materials with ultralow sulfur vacancies and high optical quality, which will benefit their optoelectronic applications.
Computational modeling of the interactions between the maternal and fetal circulations in human pregnancy
Authors: Clark Alys R. , Lee Tet Chuan , James Joanna L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn pregnancy, fetal growth is supported by its placenta. In turn, the placenta is nourished by maternal blood, delivered from the uterus, in which the vasculature is dramatically transformed to deliver this blood an ever increasing volume throughout gestation. A healthy pregnancy is thus dependent on the development of both the placental and maternal circulations, but also the interface where these physically separate circulations come in close proximity to exchange gases and nutrients between mum and baby. As the system continually evolves during pregnancy, our understanding of normal vascular anatomy, and how this impacts placental exchange function is limited. Understanding this is key to improve our ability to understand, predict, and detect pregnancy pathologies, but presents a number of challenges, due to the inaccessibility of the pregnant uterus to invasive measurements, and limitations in the resolution of imaging modalities safe for use in pregnancy. Computational approaches provide an opportunity to gain new insights into normal and abnormal pregnancy, by connecting observed anatomical changes from high‐resolution imaging to function, and providing metrics that can be observed by routine clinical ultrasound. Such advanced modeling brings with it challenges to scale detailed anatomical models to reflect organ level function. This suggests pathways for future research to provide models that provide both physiological insights into pregnancy health, but also are simple enough to guide clinical focus. We the review evolution of computational approaches to understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of pregnancy in the uterus, placenta, and beyond focusing on both opportunities and challenges.This article is categorized under:Reproductive System Diseases >Computational Models
Risks of Indoor Overheating in Low-Cost Dwellings on the South African Lowveld
Authors: Matandirotya Newton R. , Cilliers Dirk P. , Burger Roelof P. , Pauw Christian , Piketh Stuart J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe South African Lowveld is a region of land that lies between 150 and 2000 m above sea level. In summer the region is characterized by the maximum mean daily ambient temperature of 32 °C. The purpose of the study was to characterize indoor thermal environments in low-cost residential dwellings during summer seasons as climate is changing. Indoor and ambient air temperature measurements were performed at a 30-min temporal resolution using Thermochron iButtons in the settlement of Agincourt. 58 free running low-cost residential dwellings were sampled over the summer seasons of 2016 and 2017. Complementary ambient air temperature data were sourced from the South African Weather Service (SAWS). Data were transformed into hourly means for further analysis. It was found that hourly maximum mean indoor temperatures ranged between 27 °C (daytime) and 23 °C (nighttime) for both living rooms and bedrooms in summer 2016 while in 2017, maximum mean indoor temperatures ranged between 29 °C (daytime) and 26 °C (nighttime) in living rooms and bedrooms. Pearson correlations showed a positive association between indoor and ambient temperatures ranging between r = 0.40 (daytime) and r = 0.90 (nighttime). The association is weak to moderate during daytime because occupants apply other ventilation practices that reduce the relationship between indoor and ambient temperatures. The close association between nighttime ambient and indoor temperature can also be attributed to the effect of urban heat island as nighttime ambient temperature remain elevated; thus, influencing indoor temperatures also remain high. These findings highlight the potential threat posed by a rise in temperatures for low-cost residential dwellings occupants due to climate change. Furthermore, the high level of sensitiveness of dwellings to ambient temperature changes also indicates housing envelopes that have poor thermal resistance to withstand the Lowveld region’s harsh extreme heat conditions, especially during summer. The study findings suggest that a potential risk of indoor overheating exists in low-cost dwellings on the South African Lowveld as the frequency and intensity of heat waves rise. There is therefore a need to develop immediate housing adaptation interventions that mitigate against the projected ambient temperature rise for example through thermal insulation retrofits on the existing housing stock and passive housing designs for new housing stock.
Prospective evaluation of multitarget treatment of pediatric patients with helical intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Salfelder Maria-Elena A. , Kessel Kerstin A. , Thiel Uwe , Burdach Stefan , Kampfer Severin , Combs Stephanie E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and purpose
Radiotherapy (RT) is persistently gaining significance in the treatment of pediatric tumors. However, individual features of a growing body and multifocal stages complicate this approach. Tomotherapy offers advantages in the treatment of anatomically complex tumors with low risks of side effects. Here we report on toxicity incidence and outcome of tomotherapy with a focus on multitarget RT (mtRT).

Materials and methods
From 2008 to 2017, 38 children diagnosed with sarcoma were treated with tomotherapy. The median age was 15 years (6–19 years). Toxicity was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.03 and classified into symptoms during RT, acutely (0–6 months) and late (>6 months) after RT, and long-term sideeffects (>24 months).

Results
The main histologies were Ewing sarcoma (n = 23 [61%]) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 5 [13%]). RT was performed with a median total dose of 54 Gy (40.5–66.0 Gy) and a single dose of 2 Gy (1.80–2.27 Gy). Twenty patients (53%) received mtRT. Median follow-up was 29.7 months (95% confidence interval 15.3–48.2 months) with a 5-year survival of 55.2% (±9.5%). The 5‑year survival rate of patients with mtRT (n = 20) was 37.1 ± 13.2%, while patients who received single-target RT (n = 18) had a 5-year survival rate of 75 ± 10.8%. Severe toxicities (grade 3 and 4) emerged in 14 patients (70%) with mtRT and 7 patients (39%) with single-target RT. Two non-hematological grade 4 toxicities occurred during RT: one mucositis and one radiodermatitis. After mtRT 5 patients had grade 3 toxicities acute and after single-target RT 4 patients. One patient had acute non-hematological grade 4 toxicities (gastritis, pericarditis, and pericardial effusion) after mtRT. Severe late effects of RT occurred in 2 patients after mtRT and in none of the single-target RT patients. No severe long-term side effects appeared.

Conclusion
Our results showed acceptable levels of acute and late toxicities, considering the highly advanced diseases and multimodal treatment. Hence, tomotherapy is a feasible treatment method for young patients with anatomically complex tumors or multiple targets. Especially mtRT is a promising and innovative treatment approach for pediatric sarcomas, delivering unexpectedly high survival rates for patients with multifocal Ewing sarcomas in this study, whereby the limited number of patients should invariably be considered in the interpretation.
Artificial intelligence and moral rights
Authors: Miernicki Martin , Ng Irene 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhether copyrights should exist in content generated by an artificial intelligence is a frequently discussed issue in the legal literature. Most of the discussion focuses on economic rights, whereas the relationship of artificial intelligence and moral rights remains relatively obscure. However, as moral rights traditionally aim at protecting the author’s “personal sphere”, the question whether the law should recognize such protection in the content produced by machines is pressing; this is especially true considering that artificial intelligence is continuously further developed and increasingly hard to comprehend for human beings. This paper first provides the background on the protection of moral rights under existing international, U.S. and European copyright laws. On this basis, the paper then proceeds to highlight special issues in connection with moral rights and content produced by artificial intelligence, in particular whether an artificial intelligence itself, the creator or users of an artificial intelligence should be considered as owners of moral rights. Finally, the present research discusses possible future solutions, in particular alternative forms of attribution rights or the introduction of related rights.
CT colonography followed by elective surgery in patients with acute diverticulitis: a radiological-pathological correlation study
Authors: Flor Nicola , Pickhardt Perry J. , Maconi Giovanni , Panella Silvia , Falleni Monica , Merlo Valeria , Di Leo Giovanni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To perform a radiologic-pathologic correlation analysis of sigmoid colon in patients undergoing pre-operative CT Colonography (CTC) after an episode of acute diverticulitis (AD).

Methods
Fifty-nine consecutive patients (31/28 M/F; 58 ± 13 years) underwent CTC 55 ± 18 days after AD, 8 ± 4 weeks before surgery. Thirty-seven patients (63%) underwent conventional abdominal CT at time of AD. An experienced blinded radiologist retrospectively analyzed all images: disease severity was graded according to the Ambrosetti classification on conventional CT and according to the diverticular disease severity score (DDSS) on CTC. A GI pathologist performed a dedicated analysis, evaluating the presence of acute and chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, using 0–3 point scale for each variable.

Results
Of 59 patients, 41 (69%) had at least one previous AD episode; twenty-six patients (44%) had a complicated AD. DDSS was mild-moderate in 34/59 (58%), and severe in 25/59 (42%). All patients had chronic inflammation, while 90% had low-to-severe fibrosis. Patients with moderate/severe fibrosis were older than those with no/mild fibrosis (61 ± 13 versus 54 ± 13). We found a significant correlation between DDSS and chronic inflammation (p = 0.004), as well as DDSS and fibrosis (p = 0.005). Furthermore, fibrosis was correlated with complicated acute diverticulitis (p = 0.0.27), and with age (p = 0.067). At multivariate analysis, complicated diverticulitis was the best predictor of fibrosis (odds ratio 4.4). Patient age and DDSS were other independent predictors.

Conclusion
DDSS-based assessment on preoperative CTC was a good predictor of chronic colonic inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, the presence of complicated diverticulitis on CT during the acute episode was most predictive of fibrosis.
Late complications of robot-assisted radical cystectomy with totally intracorporeal urinary diversion
Authors: Presicce F. , Leonardo C. , Tuderti G. , Brassetti A. , Mastroianni R. , Bove A. , Misuraca L. , Anceschi U. , Ferriero M. , Gallucci M. , Simone G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction and objectives
To evaluate late complications in a large cohort of patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with totally intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD).

Materials and methods
We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent RARC and ICUD between August 2012 and June 2019. We excluded patients with Ejection fraction < 36%, retinal vasculopathy, ventriculoperitoneal shunts, and those treated without curative intent. All complications and their onset date have been recorded, defined, and graded according to Clavien classification adapted for radical cystectomy.

Results
210 patients were included, 76% of whom were men, with a mean age of 62 years. Urinary diversions used were Padua Ileal Bladder (PIB) in 80% of cases, and ileal conduit (IC) in 20% of patients (generally older and with more comorbidity). The mean follow-up was 30 ± 22 months. The stenosis rate of uretero-ileal anastomosis was 14%, while a reduction in eGFR (≥ 20%) was observed in about half of the cases. UTIs occurred in 37% of the patients, especially in the first 12 months. Only 2% of patients had bowel occlusion, whereas incisional hernia, lymphocele, and systemic events (metabolic acidosis and major cardiovascular events) occurred respectively in 20%, 10%, and 1% of cases.

Conclusions
Our study evaluates first late complications in a cohort of patients who underwent RARC with ICUD. These data are encouraging and in line with findings from a historical series of open radical cystectomy (ORC). This study is a further step in supporting RARC as a safe and effective surgical option for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in tertiary referral centers.