bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Experimental Study of the α‐ and β‐Phase of Diammonium 5,5′‐Bistetrazole‐1,1′‐Diolate (ABTOX)
Authors: Wang Xiao Jun , Zhang Xiao Peng , Wang Xia , Lu Zhi Yan , Shang Feng Qin , Zhao Yun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo new phase of diammonium 5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate (α‐ and β‐ABTOX) were prepared, and its structure were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy and single X‐ray diffraction. The thermal decomposition processes of α‐ and β‐ABTOX were studies by means of the DTA‐TG and TG‐MS technologies, the crystal morphology of α‐ and β‐ABTOX were studied by SEM technology. The results show thermal stability of α‐ABTOX is better than β‐ABTOX, the crystal morphology of α‐ and β‐ABTOX are rhombus and square. Finally, front orbital energies and the molecular electronic potential (MEP) of α‐ and β‐ABTOX were studied using density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6‐311G(d, p) basis set level.
Nontraditional hypsometric equation
Authors: Ong Hing , Roundy Paul E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study corrects the hypsometric equation by restoring the nontraditional terms to relax the hydrostatic approximation. The nontraditional terms include one Coriolis term and two metric terms in the vertical momentum equation. The hypsometric equations with and without the nontraditional correction are used to calculate the geopotential height of pressure levels using more than 300,000 selected tropical rawinsonde profiles. With westerlies between two pressure levels, the thickness of the layer increases, which reduces the upward pressure gradient forces to balance the upward nontraditional Coriolis forces; the opposite is true for easterlies. Hence, zonal winds are negatively correlated with traditional geopotential height biases aloft. At 500 hPa, for example, traditional geopotential height error in the tropical troposphere is on the order of at least 0.5 m, which is considerable with respect to geopotential height variability in tropical large‐scale flow, on the order of 10 to 15 m.
Insights into the role of D‐A‐π‐A type pro‐aromatic organic dyes with thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine as A acceptor group into dye‐sensitized solar‐cells. A TD‐DFT/periodic DFT study
Authors: Paredes‐Gil Katherine , Páez‐Hernández Dayán , Arratia‐Pérez Ramiro , Mendizábal Fernando 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTime‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT)/periodic DFT calculations were performed to determine the role of pro‐aromatic organic D‐A‐π‐A type dyes (the NL1‐NL17 family) with Thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine (Tpy) as A acceptor group into dye‐sensitized solar‐cells (DSSC). This work presents a discussion of the ground and excited states of these dyes along with the aromaticity analysis and the electron injection step using a dye@(TiO2)72 model. The results suggest that the pro‐aromatic behavior increases from the thiophene ring to the pyrazine when an acceptor π‐bridge such as phenyl is used. This strong pro‐aromaticity is also reflected in the electron injection step, studied using a 3x2 3 layer (TiO2)72 slab model. The resulting adsorption energies (ΔEads and ΔGads) and the electron injection (ΔGinject) in the stablest coordination mode, Bid_CN_COOH, indicate that the redox reaction (Dye* ➔ Dye+ + e−) is stronger and more spon than the adsorption reaction (Dye+ + TiO2 [+e−] ➔ Dye@TiO2) in the electron injection. In this way, the highest efficiency of NL6 and NL12 is a consequence of the more significant pro‐aromatic characteristics and the more spontaneous redox process. Finally, these NL dyes are promising in the molecular engineering of D‐A‐π‐A metal‐free types dyes.
Histone deacetylases in virus‐associated cancers
Authors: Mirzaei Habibollah , Ghorbani Saeed , Khanizadeh Sayyad , Namdari Haideh , Faghihloo Ebrahim , Akbari Abolfazl 
Published: November 2019

SummaryOncogenic viruses are one of the most important causes of cancer worldwide. The pathogens contribute to the establishment of human malignancies by affecting various cellular events. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modification methylation/demethylation, are one of the most critical events manipulated by oncogenic viruses to drive tumorigenesis. Histone modifications are mediated by histone acetylation and deacetylation, regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. Dysregulation of HDACs activity affects viral tumorigenesis in several ways, such as manipulating tumor suppressor and viral gene expression. The present review aims to describe the vital interactions between both cancer‐caused/associated viruses and the HDAC machinery, particularly by focusing on those viruses involved in gastrointestinal tumors, as some of the most common viral‐mediated cancers.
Neural cell adhesion molecule regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy in chondrogenic differentiation and experimental osteoarthritis
Authors: Cheng Bin-Feng , Lian Jun-Jiang , Yang Hai-Jie , Wang Lei , Yu Hao-Heng , Bi Jia-Jia , Gao Yao-Xin , Chen Su-Juan , Wang Mian , Feng Zhi-Wei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chondrocyte hypertrophy-like change is an important pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanism remains largely unknown. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is highly expressed and involved in the chondrocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we found that NCAM deficiency accelerates chondrocyte hypertrophy in articular cartilage and growth plate of OA mice. NCAM deficiency leads to hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation in both murine MSCs and chondrogenic cells, in which extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling plays an important role. Moreover, NCAM expression is downregulated in an interleukin-1β-stimulated OA cellular model and monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA rats. Overexpression of NCAM substantially inhibits hypertrophic differentiation in the OA cellular model. In conclusion, NCAM could inhibit hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation of MSCs by inhibiting ERK signaling and reduce chondrocyte hypertrophy in experimental OA model, suggesting the potential utility of NCAM as a novel therapeutic target for alleviating chondrocyte hypertrophy of OA.

Significance statement Defects in the cartilage are irreversible and difficult to repair in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. A cell-based therapeutic approach for cartilage regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has gained attention in recent years; however, chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is usually inefficient because of excessive chondrocyte hypertrophy-like change under inflammatory intra-articular conditions caused by OA. The present study provides the first experimental evidence for neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) on the cartilage repair of OA treatment. It has been demonstrated that NCAM deficiency enhances chondrocyte hypertrophy in chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and in experimental OA, and upregulation of NCAM inhibits hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation. The results suggest a more efficient strategy for the cartilage repair of OA treatment using NCAM-overexpressing MSCs.
PDGFRα marks distinct perivascular populations with different osteogenic potential within adipose tissue
Authors: Wang Yiyun , Xu Jiajia , Meyers Carolyn A. , Gao Yongxing , Tian Ye , Broderick Kristen , Peault Bruno , James Aaron W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The perivascular niche within adipose tissue is known to house multipotent cells, including osteoblast precursors. However, the identity of perivascular subpopulations that may mineralize or ossify most readily is not known. Here, we utilize inducible PDGFRα (platelet-derived growth factor alpha) reporter animals to identify subpopulations of perivascular progenitor cells. Results showed that PDGFRα-expressing cells are present in four histologic niches within inguinal fat, including two perivascular locations. PDGFRα+ cells are most frequent within the tunica adventitia of arteries and veins, where PDGFRα+ cells populate the inner aspects of the adventitial layer. Although both PDGFRα+ and PDGFRα− fractions are multipotent progenitor cells, adipose tissue-derived PDGFRα+ stromal cells proliferate faster and mineralize to a greater degree than their PDGFRα− counterparts. Likewise, PDGFRα+ ectopic implants reconstitute the perivascular niche and ossify to a greater degree than PDGFRα− cell fractions. Adventicytes can be further grouped into three distinct groups based on expression of PDGFRα and/or CD34. When further partitioned, adventicytes co-expressing PDGFRα and CD34 represented a cell fraction with the highest mineralization potential. Long-term tracing studies showed that PDGFRα-expressing adventicytes give rise to adipocytes, but not to other cells within the vessel wall under homeostatic conditions. However, upon bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced ossicle formation, descendants of PDGFRα+ cells gave rise to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and “pericyte-like” cells within the ossicle. In sum, PDGFRα marks distinct perivascular osteoprogenitor cell subpopulations within adipose tissue. The identification of perivascular osteoprogenitors may contribute to our improved understanding of pathologic mineralization/ossification.
Impact of elevated curing temperature on mechanical properties and microstructure of MgO‐based expansive additive cement mortars
Authors: Qian Xia , Jiang Linhua , Song Zijian , Chu Hongqiang , Yan Xiancui , Zhang Yingjie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMgO‐based expansive additive (MEA) is uniquely used in China to compensate for the thermal shrinkage. For mass concrete, its inner temperature can soar up to 60°C due to the accumulation of hydration heat, which will strongly impact the mechanical properties and microstructures. In this paper, the impacts of elevated curing temperatures on the compressive strength developments, the tensile strengths as well as the pore structures of MEA cement mortars are investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results show that the external addition of MEA weakens, not eliminates, the crossover effect found in the temperature‐affected strength developments, which is mainly attributed to the accelerated expansion of MEA. For the tensile strength, the weakness of the crossover effect is found more obvious. The ratio of tensile to compressive strength is also positively correlated to the MEA content and the curing temperature. A scattered prestress effect is proposed to explain this phenomenon. The microcosmic evidence proves that the elevated temperature promotes the hydration of MEA and cement, and thereby improves the early‐age microstructures but impairs the late‐age one, which is generally consistent with the mechanical results.
Higher-order tree-level amplitudes in the nonlinear sigma model
Authors: Bijnens Johan , Kampf Karol , Sjö Mattias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present a generalisation of the flavour-ordering method applied to the chiral nonlinear sigma model with any number of flavours. We use an extended Lagrangian with terms containing any number of derivatives, organised in a power-counting hierarchy. The method allows diagrammatic computations at tree-level with any number of legs at any order in the power-counting. Using an automated implementation of the method, we calculate amplitudes ranging from 12 legs at leading order,$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(p2), to 6 legs at next-to- next-to-next-to-leading order,$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(p8). In addition to this, we generalise several properties of amplitudes in the nonlinear sigma model to higher orders. These include the double soft limit and the uniqueness of stripped amplitudes.
An algebraic classification of exceptional EFTs. Part II. Supersymmetry
Authors: Roest Diederik , Stefanyszyn David , Werkman Pelle 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present a novel approach to classify supersymmetric effective field theories (EFTs) whose scattering amplitudes exhibit enhanced soft limits. These enhancements arise due to non-linearly realised symmetries on the Goldstone modes of such EFTs and we classify the algebras that these symmetries can form. Our main focus is on so-called exceptional algebras which lead to field-dependent transformation rules and EFTs with the maximum possible soft enhancement at a given derivative power counting. We adapt existing techniques for Poincaré invariant theories to the supersymmetric case, and introduce superspace inverse Higgs constraints as a method of reducing the number of Goldstone modes while maintaining all symmetries. Restricting to the case of a single Goldstone supermultiplet in four dimensions, we classify the exceptional algebras and EFTs for a chiral, Maxwell or real linear supermultiplet. Moreover, we show how our algebraic approach allows one to read off the soft weights of the different component fields from superspace inverse Higgs trees, which are the algebraic cousin of the on-shell soft data one provides to soft bootstrap EFTs using on-shell recursion. Our Lie-superalgebraic approach extends the results of on-shell methods and provides a complementary perspective on non-linear realisations.
The Predicted Long-Term Benefits of Ensuring Timely Treatment and Medication Adherence in Early Schizophrenia
Authors: Horvitz-Lennon Marcela , Predmore Zachary , Orr Patrick , Hanson Mark , Hillestad Richard , Durkin Mike , El Khoury Antoine C. , Mattke Soeren 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe impact of initiatives aimed at reducing time in untreated psychosis during early-stage schizophrenia will be unknown for many years. Thus, we simulate the effect of earlier treatment entry and better antipsychotic drug adherence on schizophrenia-related hospitalizations, receipt of disability benefits, competitive employment, and independent/family living over a ten-year horizon. We predict that earlier treatment entry reduces hospitalizations by 12.6–14.4% and benefit receipt by 7.0–8.5%, while increasing independent/family living by 41.5–46% and employment by 42–58%. We predict larger gains if a pro-adherence intervention is also used. Our findings suggest substantial benefits of timely and consistent early schizophrenia care.
Pregnancy, pregnancy loss and the risk of diabetes in Chinese women: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank
Authors:   China Kadoorie Biobank Collaboration Group, Peters Sanne A. E. , Yang Ling , Guo Yu , Chen Yiping , Bian Zheng , Sun Huarong , Li Yanjie , Li Liming , Woodward Mark , Chen Zhengming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPregnancy and pregnancy loss may be associated with increased risk of diabetes in later life. However, the evidence is inconsistent and sparse, especially among East Asians where reproductive patterns differ importantly from those in the West. We examined the associations of pregnancy and pregnancy loss (miscarriage, induced abortion, and still birth) with the risk of incident diabetes in later life among Chinese women. In 2004–2008, the nationwide China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 302 669 women aged 30–79 years from 10 (5 urban, 5 rural) diverse localities. During 9.2 years of follow-up, 7780 incident cases of diabetes were recorded among 273,383 women without prior diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox regression yielded multiple-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of diabetes associated with pregnancy and pregnancy loss. Overall, 99% of women had been pregnant, of whom 10%, 53%, and 6% reported having a history of miscarriage, induced abortion, and stillbirth, respectively. Among ever pregnant women, each additional pregnancy was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.04 (95% CI 1.03; 1.06) for diabetes. Compared with those without pregnancy loss, women with a history of pregnancy loss had an adjusted HR of 1.07 (1.02; 1.13) and the HRs increased with increasing number of pregnancy losses, irrespective of the number of livebirths; the adjusted HR was 1.03 (1.00; 1.05) for each additional pregnancy loss. The strength of the relationships differed marginally by type of pregnancy loss. Among Chinese women, a higher number of pregnancies and pregnancy losses were associated with a greater risk of diabetes.
Mapping within-field leaf chlorophyll content in agricultural crops for nitrogen management using Landsat-8 imagery
Authors: Croft Holly , Arabian Joyce , Chen Jing M. , Shang Jiali , Liu Jiangui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpatial information on crop nutrient status is central for monitoring vegetation health, plant productivity and managing nutrient optimization programs in agricultural systems. This study maps the spatial variability of leaf chlorophyll content within fields with differing quantities of nitrogen fertilizer application, using multispectral Landsat-8 OLI data (30 m). Leaf chlorophyll content and leaf area index measurements were collected at 15 wheat (Triticum aestivum) sites and 13 corn (Zea mays) sites approximately every 10 days during the growing season between May and September 2013 near Stratford, Ontario. Of the 28 sites, 9 sites were within controlled areas of zero nitrogen fertilizer application. Hyperspectral leaf reflectance measurements were also sampled using an Analytical Spectral Devices FieldSpecPro spectroradiometer (400–2500 nm). A two-step inversion process was developed to estimate leaf chlorophyll content from Landsat-8 satellite data at the sub-field scale, using linked canopy and leaf radiative transfer models. Firstly, at the leaf-level, leaf chlorophyll content was modelled using the PROSPECT model, using both hyperspectral and simulated mulitspectral Landsat-8 bands from the same leaf sample. Hyperspectral and multispectral validation results were both strong (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 13.62 μg/cm2 and R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 9.45 μg/cm2, respectively). Secondly, leaf chlorophyll content was estimated from Landsat-8 satellite imagery for 7 dates within the growing season, using PROSPECT linked to the 4-Scale canopy model. The Landsat-8 derived estimates of leaf chlorophyll content demonstrated a strong relationship with measured leaf chlorophyll values (R2 = 0.64, RMSE = 16.18 μg/cm2), and compared favourably to correlations between leaf chlorophyll and the best performing tested spectral vegetation index (Green Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, GNDVI; R2 = 0.59). This research provides an operational basis for modelling within-field variations in leaf chlorophyll content as an indicator of plant nitrogen stress, using a physically-based modelling approach, and opens up the possibility of exploiting a wealth of multispectral satellite data and UAV-mounted multispectral imaging systems.
Modified diffusion-weighted imaging-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score including deep white matter lesions predicts symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage following intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Matsumoto Shoji , Furuta Konosuke , Yamada Takeshi , Nagano Sukehisa , Takase Kei-ichiro , Hatano Taketo , Yamasaki Ryo , Kira Jun-ichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) is widely used for the assessment of early ischemic changes (EICs) before thrombolysis. However, for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) following intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), the prediction abilities of CT-ASPECTS, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-ASPECTS, and DWI-ASPECTS including EICs in deep white matter (DWI-ASPECTS + W) are unclear. We investigated associations between each score and sICH following intravenous rt-PA. Data from consecutive patients who received intravenous rt-PA for acute ischemic stroke from 2005 to 2015 in four hospitals were retrospectively screened. We included data from patients who had undergone both CT and magnetic resonance imaging before thrombolysis and without evidence of posterior circulation stroke. We analyzed the ability of CT-ASPECTS, DWI-ASPECTS, and DWI-ASPECTS + W to predict sICH, accompanied by an increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ≥ 4 within the initial 36 h. Of 455 patients (273 men, median 75 years old), sICH occurred in 15 patients (3.3%). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-offs of CT-ASPECTS, DWI-ASPECTS, and DWI-ASPECTS + W for predicting sICH were ≤ 9 (sensitivity 60.0%, specificity 59.8%, c-statistic 0.625), ≤ 6 (sensitivity 53.3%, specificity 80.9%, c-statistic 0.718), and ≤ 8 (sensitivity 86.7%, specificity 55.9%, c-statistic 0.756), respectively. A DWI-ASPECTS + W of ≤ 8 was independently associated with sICH (odds ratio 5.21, 95% confidence interval 1.30–35.31) after adjustment for pretreatment with antithrombotic agents, pretreatment NIHSS score, and large artery occlusions. DWI-ASPECTS + W predicted sICH in patients with acute anterior circulation stroke receiving intravenous rt-PA.
First report of a comparative patient-oriented perspective on the use of non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants or vitamin-K antagonists in atrial fibrillation: patients’ experiences, side-effects and practical problems leading to non-adherence
Authors: Bennaghmouch N. , de Veer A. J. W. M. , Zivelonghi C. , van Dijk L. , ten Berg J. M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Non-vitamin‑K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are recommended as the first-choice therapy for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the lack of monitoring may impact patients’ adherence, and non-adherence to medication is a potential hazard to safe and efficacious use. This is the first report with a ‘comparative patient-oriented perspective’ regarding the use of anticoagulant medication in the NOACs era. Our aim was to compare patients’ self-reported practical problems, adverse events and non-adherence to anticoagulation therapy.

Methods
A survey was conducted among patients with AF on either NOACs or vitamin‑K antagonists (VKAs). The outcomes were self-reported non-adherence to anticoagulant medication, and patients’ experiences, adverse events and practical problems correlated with the intake of the drug itself.

Results
A total of 765 patients filled out the questionnaire, of which 389 (50.9%) were on VKAs and 376 (49.1%) on NOACs. Age (70.6 ± 8.8 vs 70.3 ± 9.1 years) and male gender (70.4% vs 64.6%) were similar in the two groups. A significantly higher proportion of VKA users than NOAC users reported having frequent (16.2% vs 3.7%, p > 0.001) or occasional (4.1% vs 1.3%, p > 0.001) practical issues with medication intake. Self-reported non-adherence was significantly higher (24.4% vs 18.1%, p = 0.03) among VKA users. The incidence of self-reported adverse events was similar.

Conclusion
Patient experiences support the current guideline recommendations for NOACs as the first-choice therapy: NOAC therapy resulted in a higher practical feasibility and better adherence when compared with VKA therapy, with a similar incidence of adverse events in both groups.
Testing the New World: early modern chemistry and mineral prospection at colonial Jamestown, 1607–1610
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Rehren Thilo , Straube Beverly , Martinón-Torres Marcos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe paper presents new research on an assemblage of metallurgical crucibles used in the assay of minerals at colonial Jamestown. The aim of the study is to explore the range of chemical operations carried out at the site of the first permanent British settlement in America, for which little is known in the documents. The results show that the colonists used high-quality Hessian crucibles to perform tests on different types of complex polymetallic sulphides. This was done to (1) prospect for potential silver and copper ores and (2) to find suitable sources of zinc and tin to be alloyed into brass and bronze through cementation with imported copper offcuts. This study makes a relevant contribution to the growing field of the archaeology of early chemistry and mineral prospection as well as the archaeology of early European colonies in the New World. In particular, material culture can shed fresh light on how European settlers reacted to the many challenges of a new and unfamiliar natural environment and how they tried to make sense and exploit it for financial profit.