bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective development of a patient‐reported outcomes instrument for desmoid tumors or aggressive fibromatosis
Authors: Gounder Mrinal M. , Maddux LeAnne , Paty Jean , Atkinson Thomas M. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundDesmoid tumors (or aggressive fibromatosis) are locally infiltrative connective‐tissue tumors that can arise in any anatomic location; they can be asymptomatic, or they can result in pain, deformity, swelling, and loss of mobility and/or threaten visceral organs with bowel perforation, hydronephrosis, neurovascular damage, and other complications. Existing clinical trial endpoints such as the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1) and progression‐free survival are inadequate in capturing treatment efficacy. This study was designed to develop a novel clinical trial endpoint by capturing patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsFollowing best practices in qualitative methodology, this study used concept elicitation (CE) interviews to explore desmoid patients' perspectives on key disease‐related symptoms and impacts. Qualitative analysis was performed to determine the relative frequency and disturbance of symptoms and impacts as well as other characteristics of these concepts. A draft PRO scale was then developed and tested with cognitive interviewing. Information from the interviews was subsequently incorporated into the refined PRO scale.ResultsCE interviews with desmoid patients (n = 31) helped to identify salient concepts and led to a draft scale that included symptom and impact scales. Cognitive interviews were completed with additional patients (n = 15) across 3 phases. Patient input was used to refine instructions, revise and/or remove items, and modify the response scale. This resulted in an 11‐item symptom scale and a 17‐item impact scale.ConclusionsThis is the first disease‐specific PRO instrument developed for desmoid tumors. The instrument is available as an exploratory endpoint in clinical trials. This study highlights the feasibility and challenges of developing PRO instruments for rare diseases.
Finite element comparison of the effect of absorbers' design in the surrounding bone of dental implants
Authors: Ashrafi Mehran , Ghalichi Farzan , Mirzakouchaki Behnam , Arruga Alberto , Doblare Manuel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite the high success rate achieved in current dental implantation, there are still important problems to solve like incomplete early osteointegration, bone damage, and long‐term implant loosening. Highly compliant stress absorbers are a possible solution to these problems. Although several works examined the stress‐strain distribution in bone without and with absorbers to show their favorable results, none of them analyzed their impact on long‐term remodeling.Here, we analyze this effect by comparing the evolution of stress and bone mass density without and with different designs of absorbers with those of the healthy tooth. Several finite element models with ABAQUS, corresponding to each design considered, were built to obtain the mechanical conditions in bone and implant. Then a mechanobiological bone remodeling model that considers damage accumulation and its repair during the remodeling process was used to compute the bone density redistribution. This approach allows assessing both the short‐term density loss and the relative micromovement between bone and implant.We analyze the stress distributions in both bone and implant as well as the relative micromovement of the implant. We also present the evolution of damage and bone volume fraction. These results show that the addition of absorbers can reduce the stress in the bone around the implant. The obtained results also show that using stress absorbers reduces damage in bone, while increasing the number of absorbers does not necessarily improves damage reduction. We conclude that using implants with a correct design of absorbers prevents damage and stress shielding, reducing implant loosening.
Modular Design of Stimuli‐Responsive Supramolecular Nanocarriers Based on Pro‐Guest Strategy
Authors: Mao Weipeng , Yang Xuan , Ma Da 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh affinity host‐guest interactions were used to assemble supramolecular nanocarriers, and controlled release cargo based on a “pro‐guest” strategy. Supramolecular nanocarriers were prepared by modular design, which were responsive to photo‐irradiation or reducing agents. Model cargo nile red was stably encapsulated by nanocarriers in water, and released when photo‐irradiation or reducing agent was applied. Cargo release rate was tunable by using different pro‐guests for photo‐responsive nanocarriers. A mechanistic study was carried out to confirm a cascade process of stimuli‐responsive pro‐guest degradation and competitive displacement. Supramolecular nanocarriers were able to deliver model cargo to the cell cytoplasm.
A harmony‐based approach to generating sequential color schemes for maps
Authors: Chen Taisheng , Zhu A‐Xing , Wu Mingguang , Chen Menglin , Zhang Mingda , Jiang Weixing , Lu Yue , Wang Hong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenerating high‐quality sequential color schemes for maps is challenging for most mapmakers. This article presents a harmony‐based approach for automatically generating sequential color schemes for maps. The proposed approach consists of two steps: (a) color harmony quantification for sequential color schemes on maps and (b) color scheme generation using quantified color harmony factors. The approach was tested using three experimental maps, including the Chinese water body density index map, Chinese vegetation cover index map, and Chinese population density map. Effectiveness was evaluated by comparing color schemes generated by the proposed approach with those created by the probability‐based method and ColorBrewer. Twenty‐six participants were invited to rate each map color scheme using a 5‐point scale. A t test was also used to examine the significance of the difference. The results show that the mean points of color schemes using the proposed approach are higher than those using the probability‐based method, and the corresponding P‐values are far lower than .05, which suggests that the proposed approach is better than the probability‐based method and can improve the sequential color scheme quality in automatic ways. The mean points of color schemes created using the proposed approach are also slightly higher than or similar to those of ColorBrewer, which are well‐known map color schemes manually designed by an experienced cartographer. This result further suggests that the proposed approach can meet the requirement of automatic generation for high‐quality sequential color schemes on maps.
Coupling Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of 10‐Undecenitrile with Organic Solvent Nanofiltration: Toluene Solution versus Solvent‐Free Processes
Authors: Lejeune Antoine , Le Goanvic Lucas , Renouard Thierry , Couturier Jean‐Luc , Dubois Jean‐Luc , Carpentier Jean‐François , Rabiller‐Baudry Murielle 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntensification of the rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation process to produce 12‐oxo‐dodecanenitrile from biosourced 10‐undecenitrile was performed by coupling the reaction with organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) for the recycling of the expensive Rh catalyst and the ligands. Four phosphorus‐based ligands were compared with respect to their catalytic performance and rejection in OSN. Biphephos showed the best compromise and up to 3 reaction‐OSN cycles were performed in toluene. A good recycling of the catalytic system was evidenced arising from the OSN (up to 88 % rejection). In order to develop a greener process, a similar approach was achieved in bulk (i. e. solvent‐free medium), thus proving the catalyst recycling feasibility but also that the optimal OSN conditions are not the same as for toluene. Finally, integration of OSN in the overall production process is discussed, aiming at the proposal of a hybrid separation process involving a combination of OSN and distillation for an energy‐efficient separation step.
Pooled CRISPR Screens in Drosophila Cells
Authors: Viswanatha Raghuvir , Brathwaite Roderick , Hu Yanhui , Li Zhongchi , Rodiger Jonathan , Merckaert Pierre , Chung Verena , Mohr Stephanie E. , Perrimon Norbert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh‐throughput screens in Drosophila melanogaster cell lines have led to discovery of conserved gene functions related to signal transduction, host‐pathogen interactions, ion transport, and more. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has opened the door to new types of large‐scale cell‐based screens. Whereas array‐format screens require liquid handling automation and assay miniaturization, pooled‐format screens, in which reagents are introduced at random and in bulk, can be done in a standard lab setting. We provide a detailed protocol for conducting and evaluating genome‐wide CRISPR single guide RNA (sgRNA) pooled screens in Drosophila S2R+ cultured cells. Specifically, we provide step‐by‐step instructions for library design and production, optimization of cytotoxin‐based selection assays, genome‐scale screening, and data analysis. This type of project takes ∼3 months to complete. Results can be used in follow‐up studies performed in vivo in Drosophila, mammalian cells, and/or other systems. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol: Pooled‐format screening with Cas9‐expressing Drosophila S2R+ cells in the presence of cytotoxinSupport Protocol 1: Optimization of cytotoxin concentration for Drosophila cell screeningSupport Protocol 2: CRISPR sgRNA library design and production for Drosophila cell screeningSupport Protocol 3: Barcode deconvolution and analysis of screening data
Clinical psychologists' use of transformative models of psychosis
Authors: Cooke Anne , Brett Caroline 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSome theories (e.g. Jackson's Paradigm Shifting Hypothesis) and many personal accounts suggest that some psychotic crises, whilst distressing, can also be transformative, leading to growth and valued outcomes. However, little is known about the extent to which this idea informs mainstream mental health care. Clinical psychologists are influential advocates of psychosocial approaches more broadly: This study explored their use of transformative models. Twelve U.K. clinical psychologists were interviewed: Transcripts informed a grounded theory. No participants saw psychosis as a purely biological problem where the content of experiences is irrelevant. Two held a “biopsychosocial” model, viewing psychosis as an illness with psychosocial elements. Most either held a continuum view (i.e., schizotypy), in which psychosis proneness was also associated with positive attributes such as creativity or sensitivity, or a “fully psychological” view, seeing experiences as meaningful and/or as adaptive responses to events. Many believed that psychosis can be transformative in a broad sense, that is, lead to “post‐traumatic growth.” Some went further, believing that it can be a purposeful (e.g., an attempt, albeit painful and sometimes unsuccessful, to solve problems) or even a spiritual phenomenon. Participants' perspectives influenced their therapeutic approach: Those who saw experiences as purposeful were more likely to facilitate direct engagement with them and to support clients to explore potentially transformative aspects. However, this represented an extension of conventional approaches rather than being qualitatively different. More research is needed to clarify how widespread this approach is, to explore its utility, and to establish for whom and when it may be appropriate.
Idiopathic and immune‐related pulmonary fibrosis: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges
Authors: McLean‐Tooke Andrew , Moore Irene , Lake Fiona 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInterstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a large group of pulmonary conditions sharing common clinical, radiological and histopathological features as a consequence of fibrosis of the lung interstitium. The majority of ILDs are idiopathic in nature with possible genetic predisposition, but is also well recognised as a complication of connective tissue disease or with certain environmental, occupational or drug exposures. In recent years, a concerted international effort has been made to standardise the diagnostic criteria in ILD subtypes, formalise multidisciplinary pathways and standardise treatment recommendations. In this review, we discuss some of the current challenges around ILD diagnostics, the role of serological testing, especially, in light of the new classification of Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features (IPAF) and discuss the evidence for therapies targeted at idiopathic and immune‐related pulmonary fibrosis.
Rapid sequencing‐based diagnosis of infectious bacterial species from meningitis patients in Zambia
Authors: Nakagawa So , Inoue Shigeaki , Kryukov Kirill , Yamagishi Junya , Ohno Ayumu , Hayashida Kyoko , Nakazwe Ruth , Kalumbi Mox , Mwenya Darlington , Asami Nana , Sugimoto Chihiro , Mutengo Mable M , Imanishi Tadashi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe have developed a portable system for the rapid determination of bacterial composition for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Our system comprises of a nanopore technology‐based sequencer, MinION, and two laptop computers. To examine the accuracy and time efficiency of our system, we provided a proof‐of‐concept for the detection of the causative bacteria of 11 meningitis patients in Zambia.MethodsWe extracted DNA from cerebrospinal fluid samples of each patient and amplified the 16S rRNA gene regions. The sequencing library was prepared, and the sequenced reads were simultaneously processed for bacterial composition determination using the minimap2 software and the representative prokaryote genomes.ResultsThe sequencing results of four of the six culture‐positive samples were consistent with those of conventional culture‐based methods. The dominant bacterial species in each of these samples were identified from the sequencing data within only 3 min. Although the major bacterial species were also detected from the other two culture‐positive samples and five culture‐negative samples, their presence could not be confirmed. Moreover, as a whole, although the number of sequencing reads obtained within a short sequencing run was small, there was no change in the major bacterial species over time with prolonged sequencing. In addition, the processing time strongly correlated with the number of sequencing reads used for the analysis.ConclusionOur results suggest that time‐effective analysis could be achieved by determining the number of sequencing reads required for the rapid diagnosis of infectious bacterial species depending on the complexity of bacterial species in a sample.
Machine Learning of Discriminative Gate Locations for Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Ji Disi , Putzel Preston , Qian Yu , Chang Ivan , Mandava Aishwarya , Scheuermann Richard H. , Bui Jack D. , Wang Huan‐You , Smyth Padhraic 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh‐throughput single‐cell cytometry technologies have significantly improved our understanding of cellular phenotypes to support translational research and the clinical diagnosis of hematological and immunological diseases. However, subjective and ad hoc manual gating analysis does not adequately handle the increasing volume and heterogeneity of cytometry data for optimal diagnosis. Prior work has shown that machine learning can be applied to classify cytometry samples effectively. However, many of the machine learning classification results are either difficult to interpret without using characteristics of cell populations to make the classification, or suboptimal due to the use of inaccurate cell population characteristics derived from gating boundaries. To date, little has been done to optimize both the gating boundaries and the diagnostic accuracy simultaneously. In this work, we describe a fully discriminative machine learning approach that can simultaneously learn feature representations (e.g., combinations of coordinates of gating boundaries) and classifier parameters for optimizing clinical diagnosis from cytometry measurements. The approach starts from an initial gating position and then refines the position of the gating boundaries by gradient descent until a set of globally‐optimized gates across different samples are achieved. The learning procedure is constrained by regularization terms encoding domain knowledge that encourage the algorithm to seek interpretable results. We evaluate the proposed approach using both simulated and real data, producing classification results on par with those generated via human expertise, in terms of both the positions of the gating boundaries and the diagnostic accuracy. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Challenges in the Multivariate Analysis of Mass Cytometry Data: The Effect of Randomization
Authors: Papoutsoglou Georgios , Lagani Vincenzo , Schmidt Angelika , Tsirlis Konstantinos , Cabrero David‐Gómez , Tegnér Jesper , Tsamardinos Ioannis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCytometry by time‐of‐flight (CyTOF) has emerged as a high‐throughput single cell technology able to provide large samples of protein readouts. Already, there exists a large pool of advanced high‐dimensional analysis algorithms that explore the observed heterogeneous distributions making intriguing biological inferences. A fact largely overlooked by these methods, however, is the effect of the established data preprocessing pipeline to the distributions of the measured quantities. In this article, we focus on randomization, a transformation used for improving data visualization, which can negatively affect multivariate data analysis methods such as dimensionality reduction, clustering, and network reconstruction algorithms. Our results indicate that randomization should be used only for visualization purposes, but not in conjunction with high‐dimensional analytical tools. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Energy efficient distributed lightweight authentication and encryption technique for IoT security
Authors: Sudhakaran Pradeep , C Malathy 
Published: November 2019

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) is an intelligent technology and service that mutually communicates information between human and devices or between Internet‐based devices. In IoT security, the authentication should be distributed and lightweight. Token generation should be based on the trust worthiness of the devices, and it needs to ensure fast authentication and authorization. In this paper, we propose an Energy Efficient Distributed Lightweight Authentication and Encryption (EEDLAE) technique for IoT security. In our proposed technique, the receiver generates the token for each sender. The token expiration time is determined based on the trust value of each sender, and sleep period of the receiver radio is determined based on its remaining energy. For encryption, Counter with Cipher Block Chaining‐Message Authentication Code (CCM) is applied. Experimental results show that EEDLAE technique can hold out against affected packets, higher resilience against node capture, increased throughput, and residual energy, compared with the existing technique.
A simple method to immunopurify erythropoiesis stimulating agents from urine, aiming to optimize erythropoietin screening by SAR‐PAGE
Authors: Heiland Carmel E. , Masquelier Michèle , Bhuiyan Hasanuzzaman , Ericsson Magnus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe efficiency of the immunopurification step of urinary erythropoietin (EPO) and recombinant forms is important for their optimal detection in antidoping screening. Previous investigations of immunopurification techniques have been done for immunomagnetic beads, EPO Purification Kit (EPK) columns (MAIIA Diagnostics), and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microplates (Stemcell Technologies) conjugated/coated with anti‐EPO antibodies. In this study, a new immunopurification technique using anti‐EPO sepharose gel beads, developed by MAIIA Diagnostics, to simplify and minimize sample handling was evaluated. This EPO Purification Gel Kit (EPGK) was compared with our current routine EPK for limit of detection (LOD). Linearity, recovery, repeatability, sample incubation time, and sample volume were also evaluated for EPGK. The LODs and linearity for EPK and EPGK were comparable to each other and the recovery for BRP, NESP, CERA, and EPO‐Fc were within the range of other studies, and concentration of the sample eluate improved the recovery results. Little variation was seen within days, between days, and between operators. A 90 minute incubation of the sample with the sepharose gel beads is sufficient for most of the erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) tested, with 10 mL being an optimal sample volume for EPGK. The improved sample handling, higher sample throughput and the reduced working time demonstrate that the EPGK is a better alternative to the current MAIIA EPK immunopurification method for urine. The EPO Purification Gel Kit (from MAIIA Diagnostics) was evaluated and validated for immunopurification of endogenous erythropoietin and exogenous erythropoiesis stimulating agents from urine samples. The kit was a better alternative to that currently used (EPO Purification Kit) in many antidoping laboratories because it improves sample handling and increases sample throughput.
The Need for Inclusion: The relationships between Relational and Collective inclusion needs and psychological well‐and ill‐being
Authors: Valcke Barbara , Van Hiel Alain , Van Assche Jasper , Van Roey Thomas , Onraet Emma , Roets Arne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Need to Belong concept encompasses the need for inclusion and the discomfort with exclusion. The Need to Belong Scale of Leary, Kelly, Cottrell, and Schreindorfer (2013, p. 610), however, primarily probes into the discomfort aspect, and it does not distinguish between relational and collective self‐levels. Two studies (total N = 429) provided evidence of the reliability, distinctiveness, and validity of the newly developed Need for Inclusion scale. The results revealed that Relational Need for Inclusion positively contributes to psychological well‐being and negatively to ill‐being. Collective Need for Inclusion was distinctively related to collective and group‐level outcomes of self, such as social trust and collective self‐esteem. Need to Belong yielded a reversed pattern of results for the studied outcomes. It is concluded that inclusion needs and discomfort with exclusion are positively related but clearly distinct, and that future studies should investigate their joint effects in a single research design.