bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A news image captioning approach based on multimodal pointer‐generator network
Authors: Chen Jingqiang , Zhuge Hai 
Published: April 2020

SummaryNews image captioning aims to generate captions or descriptions for news images automatically, serving as draft captions for creating news image captions manually. News image captions are different from generic captions as news image captions contain more detailed information such as entity names and events. Therefore, both images on news and the accompanying text are the source of generating caption of news image. Pointer‐generator network is a neural method defined for text summarization. This article proposes the Multimodal pointer‐generation network by incorporating visual information into the original network for news image captioning. The multimodal attention mechanism is proposed by splitting attention into visual attention paid to the image and textual attention paid to the text. The multimodal pointer mechanism is proposed by using both textual attention and visual attention to compute pointer distributions, where visual attention is first transformed into textual attention via the word‐image relationships. The multimodal coverage mechanism is defined to reduce repetitions of attentions or repetitions of pointer distributions. Experiments on theDailyMailtest dataset and the out‐of‐domainBBCtest dataset show that the proposed model outperforms the original pointer‐generator network, the generic image captioning method, the extractive news image captioning method, and theLDA‐based method accordingBLEU,METEOR, andROUGL‐Levaluations. Experiments also show that the proposed multimodal coverage mechanisms can improve the model, and that transforming visual attention to pointer distributions can improve the model.
Control of Intrachain Morphology in the Formation of Polyfluorene Aggregates on the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Wilhelm Philipp , Blank Dominik , Lupton John M. , Vogelsang Jan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractControlling the morphology of π‐conjugated polymers for organic optoelectronic devices has long been a goal in the field of materials science. Since the morphology of a polymer chain is closely intertwined with its photophysical properties, it is desirable to be able to change the arrangement of the polymers at will. We investigate the π‐conjugated polymer poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO), which can exist in three distinctly different structural phases: the α‐, β‐, and γ‐phase. Every phase has a different chain structure and a unique photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. Due to its unique properties and the pronounced spectral structure‐property relations, PFO can be used as a model system to study the morphology of π‐conjugated polymers. To avoid ensemble averaging, we examine the PL spectrum of single PFO chains embedded in a non‐fluorescent matrix. With single‐molecule spectroscopy the structural phase of every single chain can be determined, and changes can be monitored very easily. To manipulate the morphology, solvent vapor annealing (SVA) was applied, which leads to a diffusion of the polymer chains in the matrix. The β‐ and γ‐phases appear during the self‐assembly of single α‐phase PFO chains into mesoscopic aggregates. The extent of β‐ and γ‐phase formation is directed by the solvent‐swelling protocol used for aggregation. Aggregation unequivocally promotes formation of the more planar β‐ and γ‐phases. Once these lower‐energy more ordered structural phases are formed, SVA cannot return the polymer chain to the less ordered phase by aggregate swelling.
Feasibility of N2 Reduction on the V Anchored 1T−MoS2 Monolayer: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Yang Lei , Chen Fengxiang , Song Erhong , Yuan Zhifei , Xiao Beibei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeveloping efficient electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) at ambient conditions is crucial for NH3 synthesis. In this manuscript, the NRR performance of the transition metal anchored MoS2 monolayer with 1T atomic structure (1T−MoS2) is systematically evaluated by density functional theory computations. Our results reveal that the V decorated 1T−MoS2 exhibits the outstanding catalytic activity toward NRR via distal mechanism where the corresponding onset potential is 0.66 V, being superior to the commercial Ru material. Furthermore, the powerful binding energy between the V atom and the 1T−MoS2 provides the good resistance against clustering of the V dopant, indicating its stability. Overall, this work provides a potential alternative for the application of NH3 synthesis.
Fenoxaprop combined with urea improves photosynthesis, weed control, and yield of potato
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Yang Wanming , Zhou Zhefeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined application of fenoxaprop (fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl) and urea on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) photosynthesis, weed control, and yield. The optimal sequence and dosage of the urea and fenoxaprop combination on potato production was investigated using different concentrations of urea (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g L−1) and fenoxaprop (0, 1.33, 2.66, 5.32, and 7.98 ml L−1) in a randomized block experiment. Potato plant photosynthesis levels, weed control efficacy, and potato yield were explored through the analysis of chlorophyll content index (CCI), photosynthetic parameters, weed‐related statistics, and polynomial regression. The results showed fenoxaprop stress not only reduced indices such as the CCI and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) but also decreased the activity, maximum photochemical efficiency, and quantum efficiency of Photosystem II, and the photochemical quenching coefficient. Urea at concentrations of 1–4 g L−1 antagonized the toxicity of fenoxaprop, whereas 8‐g L−1 urea aggravated herbicide toxicity. Compared with fenoxaprop treatment alone, the combination of 4‐g L−1 urea and 1.33‐ml L−1 fenoxaprop significantly increased the Pn of potato plants, weed control efficacy, and potato tuber yield by 36.12, 11.35, and 11%, respectively. Furthermore, treatment with urea first, followed by fenoxaprop, displayed greater efficacy in weed control than fenoxaprop followed by urea. Taken together, urea at concentrations of 1–4 g L−1 may alleviate the side effects of fenoxaprop on potato seedlings. Meanwhile, urea treatment (4 g L−1) followed by fenoxaprop (1.33 ml L−1) may be the optimal combination for potato production.
Bulk and Surface Properties Regulation of Single/Double Perovskites to Realize Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reactivity
Authors: Sun Hainan , Hu Bin , Guan Daqin , Hu Zhiwei , Fei Liangshuang , Li Mengran , Peterson Vanessa K. , Lin Hong‐Ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPerovskite‐based oxides have emerged as promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. The performance is closely related to the lattice, electronic, and defect structure of the oxides, which determine surface and bulk properties and consequent catalytic activity and durability. Further, interfacial interactions between phases in a nanocomposite may affect bulk transportation and surface adsorption properties in a similar manner to phase doping except without solubility limits. Herein, we report the development of a single/double perovskite nanohybrid with limited surface self‐reconstruction capability as an OER electrocatalyst. Such superior performance arises from a structure that maintains high crystallinity post OER catalysis, in addition to forming an amorphous layer following the self‐reconstruction of a single perovskite structure during the OER process. In situ X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy and high‐resolution synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction reveal an amorphization process in the hybrid single/double perovskite oxide system that is limited in comparison to single perovskite amorphization, ensuring high catalytic activity.
Microfilaria in urine cytology: Report of three cases with review of literature
Authors: Sarangi Jayati , Arava Sudheer , Kumar Hemanth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in the developing countries. In India, around 90% of the cases are attributed to Wuchereria bancrofti species morphologically identified as sheathed parasites with tail tip free of nuclei. Microfilariae have been described in urine specimens from patients with chylous and achylous hematuria as well as in a spectrum of other body fluids. Case reports describe their presence in aspirates from numerous neoplasms. However, their association with urothelial carcinoma in urine sediment has been rather rare with only three cases described previously. We report three cases of filariasis in urine cytology, one of which was associated with atypical urothelial cells. Our aim is to stress on the possibility of concomitant filariasis in body fluids and aspirates with other significant findings, especially in endemic areas. Identification of the same renders complete diagnosis and proper treatment to the patient.
Protect me from my selfie: Examining the association between photo‐based social media behaviors and self‐reported eating disorders in adolescence
Authors: Lonergan Alexandra R. , Bussey Kay , Fardouly Jasmine , Griffiths Scott , Murray Stuart B. , Hay Phillipa , Mond Jonathan , Trompeter Nora , Mitchison Deborah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether social media behaviors were associated with higher odds of meeting criteria for an eating disorder and whether gender moderated these relationships.MethodAustralian adolescents (N = 4,209; 53.15% girls) completed the self‐report photo investment and manipulation scales. Additional self‐report items assessed avoidance of posting selfies and investment in others' selfies. Eating disorders were identified by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and other self‐report measures aligned with diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders‐5 criteria.ResultsA multinomial logistic regression examining the effect of avoidance of posting selfies, photo investment, photo manipulation, and investment in others' selfies on the likelihood of meeting criteria for an eating disorder, compared to no disorder, was significant (χ2[42] = 1,128.93, p < .001). Greater avoidance was associated with higher odds of meeting criteria for all disorders except clinical/subclinical binge‐eating disorder and purging disorder. Increased photo investment was related to greater odds of meeting criteria for all disorders. A similar relationship emerged for photo manipulation, with the exception of clinical/subclinical binge‐eating disorder, and unspecified feeding and eating disorder. Investment in others' selfies was associated with higher odds of meeting criteria for all disorders except clinical/subclinical anorexia nervosa and purging disorder. There was a significant interaction between gender and avoidance (χ2[1] = 5.23, p = .025, OR = 1.74), whereby boys were more likely to meet criteria for clinical/subclinical anorexia nervosa in the context of greater avoidance of posting selfies.DiscussionAppearance‐related social media behaviors may be indicative of eating disorder risk. Implications for clinicians and advancements for social media screening tools are discussed.
Does rapid utilization of elevated nutrient availability allow eucalypts to dominate in the tropical savannas of Australia?
Authors: Paramjyothi Harinandanan , Murphy Brett P. , Lawes Michael J. , Rossiter‐Rachor Natalie A. , Richards Anna E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNorthern Australia's savannas are among the most fire‐prone biomes on Earth and are dominated by eucalypts (Eucalyptus and Corymbia spp.). It is not clear what processes allow this group to dominate under such extreme fire frequencies and whether a superior ability to compete for nutrients and water might play a role. There is evidence that eucalypts are adapted to frequent fires; juvenile eucalypts escape the fire trap by growing rapidly in height between fires. However, non‐eucalypts are less able to escape the fire trap and tend to have stand structures strongly skewed toward suppressed juveniles. The mechanisms that drive these contrasting fire responses are not well understood. Here, we describe the results of a controlled glasshouse seedling experiment that evaluated the relative importance of nutrient and water availability in determining height growth and biomass growth of two eucalypt and one noneucalypt tree species, common in northern Australian savannas. We demonstrate that growth of eucalypt seedlings is particularly responsive to nutrient addition. Eucalypt seedlings are able to rapidly utilize soil nutrients and accumulate biomass at a much greater rate than noneucalypt seedlings. We suggest that a seasonal spike in nutrient availability creates a nutrient‐rich microsite that allows eucalypt seedlings to rapidly gain height and biomass, increasing their likelihood of establishing successfully and reaching a fire‐resistant size. Our results extend our understanding of how eucalypts dominate northern Australian savannas under extremely high fire frequencies.
Cardiac‐peripheral transvenous gradients of microRNA expression in systolic heart failure patients
Authors: Ben‐Zvi Inbar , Volinsky Natalia , Grosman‐Rimon Liza , Haviv Izhak , Rozen Guy , Andria Nizar , Asulin Nofar , Margalit Nufar , Marai Ibrahim , Amir Offer 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThe aims of the study are to assess the levels of coronary sinus (CS) miRNAs of systolic heart failure (HF) patients in samples obtained during cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device implantation and compare them to the peripheral systemic venous miRNA expression.Methods and ResultsThe cardiac specific miRNA levels were assessed in 60 patients, 39 HF patients with reduced ejection fraction and 21 control patients. The levels of four cardiac specified miRNAs (miR‐21‐5p, miR‐92b‐3p, miR‐125b‐5p, and miR‐133a‐3p) were compared between the peripheral samples of HF and controls and between peripheral venous in CS in the HF groups. Compared with controls, HF patients had higher peripheral serum venous levels of miR‐125b‐5p and miR‐133‐3p. In the HF group, the levels of expression were higher for miR‐125b‐5p and lower for miR‐92, and miR‐21‐5p in the CS, compared with the peripheral venous circulation.ConclusionsThe differences in miRNA expressions in CS compared with those in the periphery suggest that changes that may occur at the levels of the myocardial tissue in HF may be more relevant to our understanding of the biological linkage between miRNA expression and HF, than the traditional analysis of systemic serum miRNA expression.
Cost‐effective energy harvesting at ultra‐high concentration with duplicated concentrated photovoltaic solar cells
Authors: El‐Gahouchi Mohamed , Aziziyan Mohammad Reza , Arès Richard , Fafard Simon , Boucherif Abderraouf 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConcentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems are one of the few technologies that can provide cost reduction while offering efficiency improvement. In this respect, the resistive losses are some of the main limiting factors, which restrict the efficiency improvement and the cost reduction at ultrahigh concentrations (UHCs). In this work, we propose and investigate new designs consisting of duplicated junction solar cells. The approach can resolve the issues related to the resistive losses. Simulation results, based on Shockley‐Queisser limit, demonstrate that the detrimental effects of series resistance losses in the degradation of efficiency at UHC factor can be mitigated with this strategy. The modeled structures are composed of multiple junctions of materials (GaInP, GaAs, and Ge), which are lattice‐matched to Ge or GaAs. These results illustrate the potential of duplicated junction designs for enhancing efficiency of III‐V solar cells under high concentrations, exceeding 1000 suns (under AM1.5D solar spectrum at 300 K). Finally, a relative cost calculation indicates that more than 30% of cost reduction can be achieved using these designs at UHCs.
Nafion‐coated LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathode preparation and its influence on the Li‐ion battery cycle performance
Authors: Yiğitalp Ayça , Taşdemir Adnan , Alkan Gürsel Selmiye , Yürüm Alp 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of the main problems of LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) materials is the side reactions occurring during battery cycling. These side reactions result in capacity fading, which in turn decreases the life span of the battery. Conventionally, for nickel‐rich cathodes, an inorganic layer is used as a protective layer. Applying these layers may require additional complicated steps. To overcome this problem, we focused on coating the NCA electrode with a polymeric ion conductive layer that can easily be applied. For this purpose, using an ion‐conductive polymer is a novel approach. We used Nafion as the protective layer on NCA electrodes. While the Nafion layer can protect the surface against the side reactions, it does not prevent the Li+ ion flow. Following this purpose, we synthesized NCA by a modified co‐precipitation method followed by sintering at 750°C. After the preparation of the NCA cathodes, we coated the surfaces with a more straightforward drip coating. The Nafion‐coated electrodes delivered a superior electrochemical performance with 100% of discharge capacity retention even after 100 cycles at 0.1C. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the Nafion coating could effectively prevent passive layer formation, which causes capacity fading.
Simulation of hybrid two‐tank storage concentrated solar plant using supercritical carbon dioxide in TRNSYS
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Abas Naeem , Sarosh Ali , Saleem Muhammad Shoaib 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo meet heating demand without global warming is a huge target for the energy community these days. To attain this challenge, solar energy harvesting to meet domestic hot water demand is a promising solution. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is becoming ever more significant as heat transporting fluid. Simulation‐based efficiency assessment models are requisite for analogous advances. This research presents a dynamic simulation model of high temperature concentrated solar plant using directly heated molten salt to indirectly power a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle. Target of the study is to achieve 1 MW generation and simulation work is performed in TRNSYS computer software. The operating conditions for the plant cycle and efficiency for indirectly heated CO2 recompression Brayton cycle are also calculated with the help of engineering equation solver. The system is divided into three major loops: solar thermal heat collection, power generation, and heat recovery. Results have shown overall cycle efficiency up to 40%. During the day hours from 4688 to 4697, receiver provides a constant outlet temperature of 700°C with a fluid inlet flow rate of 15 kg/s and mediating fluid after exchanging heat enters the receiver's end at 524°C. An optimized value of 2.9 is selected as pressure ratio to meet supercritical conditions at the compressor inlet. Output power generated is 3.035 MW with turbine efficiency is 92%. The power calculated for main compressor and recompressor are 0.68 and 0.228 MW, respectively.
Spring‐network model of red blood cell: From membrane mechanics to validation
Authors: Jančigová Iveta , Kovalčíková Kristína , Bohiniková Alžbeta , Cimrák Ivan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryRed blood cell membrane is highly elastic and proper modeling of this elasticity is essential for biomedical applications that involve computational experiments with blood flow. Inseparable and often some of the most difficult parts of modeling process are verification and validation. In this work, we present a revised model, which uses a spring network to represent the cell membrane immersed in a fluid and has been successfully used in blood flow simulations. We demonstrate the validation steps by first deriving the theoretical relations between the bulk properties of elastic membranes—shear modulus and area compressibility modulus—and parameters of the model that enter the nonlinear stretching and local area conservation computational moduli. We verify the theoretically derived relations using computer simulations of deformable triangular mesh. We calibrate the model by performing a computational version of the optical tweezers experiment. And finally, we validate the modeled cell behavior by investigating the cell rotation frequency when it is subjected to shear flow and cell deformation in narrow channels. The supplementary material contains an extensive dataset that can be used for setting different elastic properties for each cell in simulations of dense suspensions, while still conforming to the biological data. This work contains a complete model development process: From modelling of basic mechanical concepts (the spring network) and advanced biomechanical concepts (such as elasticity of the membrane), through calibration process towards the final stage of model validation.
Novel renal medullary carcinoma cell lines, UOK353 and UOK360, provide preclinical tools to identify new therapeutic treatments
Authors: Wei Darmood , Yang Youfeng , Ricketts Christopher J. , Vocke Cathy D. , Ball Mark W. , Sourbier Carole , Wangsa Darawalee , Wangsa Danny , Guha Rajarshi , Zhang Xiaohu , Wilson Kelli , Chen Lu , Meltzer Paul S. , Ried Thomas , Thomas Craig J. , Merino Maria J. , Linehan W. Marston 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRenal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare, aggressive disease that predominantly afflicts individuals of African or Mediterranean descent with sickle cell trait. RMC comprises 1% of all renal cell carcinoma diagnoses with a median overall survival of 13 months. Patients are typically young (median age—22) and male (male:female ratio of 2:1) and tumors are characterized by complete loss of expression of the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor protein. Due to the low incidence of RMC and the disease's aggressiveness, treatment decisions are often based on case reports. Thus, it is critical to develop preclinical models of RMC to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and to identify effective forms of therapy. Two novel cell line models, UOK353 and UOK360, were derived from primary RMCs that both demonstrated the characteristic SMARCB1 loss. Both cell lines overexpressed EZH2 and other members of the polycomb repressive complex and EZH2 inhibition in RMC tumor spheroids resulted in decreased viability. High throughput drug screening of both cell lines revealed several additional candidate compounds, including bortezomib that had both in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. The activity of bortezomib was shown to be partially dependent on increased oxidative stress as addition of the N‐acetyl cysteine antioxidant reduced the effect on cell proliferation. Combining bortezomib and cisplatin further decreased cell viability both in vitro and in vivo that single agent bortezomib treatment. The UOK353 and UOK360 cell lines represent novel preclinical models for the development of effective forms of therapy for RMC patients.