bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of MUNC18‐1 leads to retrograde transport defects in neurons
Authors: van Berkel Annemiek A. , Santos Tatiana C. , Shaweis Hesho , van Weering Jan R. T. , Toonen Ruud F. , Verhage Matthijs 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLoss of the exocytic Sec1/MUNC18 protein MUNC18‐1 or its target‐SNARE partners SNAP25 and syntaxin‐1 results in rapid, cell‐autonomous and unexplained neurodegeneration, which is independent of their known role in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. cis‐Golgi abnormalities are the earliest cellular phenotypes before degeneration occurs. Here, we investigated whether loss of MUNC18‐1 causes defects in intracellular membrane transport pathways in primary murine neurons that may explain neurodegeneration. Electron, confocal and super resolution microscopy confirmed that loss of MUNC18‐1 expression results in a smaller cis‐Golgi. In addition, we now show that medial‐Golgi and the trans‐Golgi Network are also affected. However, stacking and cisternae ultrastructure of the Golgi were normal. Overall, ultrastructure of null mutant neurons was remarkably normal just hours before cell death occurred. By synchronizing protein trafficking by conditional cargo retention in the endoplasmic reticulum using selective hooks (RUSH) and immunocytochemistry, we show that anterograde Endoplasmic Reticulum‐to‐Golgi and Golgi exit of endogenous and exogenous proteins were normal. In contrast, loss of MUNC18‐1 caused reduced retrograde Cholera Toxin B‐subunit transport from the plasma membrane to the Golgi. In addition, MUNC18‐1‐deficiency resulted in abnormalities in retrograde TrkB trafficking in an antibody uptake assay. We conclude that MUNC18‐1 deficient neurons have normal anterograde but reduced retrograde transport to the Golgi. The impairments in retrograde pathways suggest a role of MUNC18‐1 in endosomal SNARE‐dependent fusion and provide a plausible explanation for the observed Golgi abnormalities and cell death in MUNC18‐1 deficient neurons.
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Embedding post‐doctoral clinical academic careers in practice: The St Bartholomew’s Hospital model
Authors: Sanders Julie , Malcolmson James , Philpott Jones Samantha , Kelly Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesIn order to retain and develop pre‐doctoral and doctoral staff, we sought to establish and implement a model for supporting postdoctoral clinical academic careers at our hospital.BackgroundDoctorally‐prepared nurses can raise clinical practice standards, but there is a deficit of career opportunities and post‐doctoral positions. This will inevitably impact delivering the evidence for improving patient outcomes and service delivery. It is therefore imperative that post‐doctoral nursing and allied professional post‐doctoral clinical academic career opportunities are developed and embedded in practice.DesignWe describe the development and implementation of a model to provide and embed post‐doctoral clinical academic roles at our hospital.MethodsA multidisciplinary group devised the model which was approved by the Hospital Executive Board.ResultsThe model includes having a bespoke plan for each individual, planning the post‐doctoral role at time of PhD planning, providing 1 day a week protected research time for a minimum of 12 months after PhD completion, having an appropriate honorary academic contract at a partner University, and providing integrated clinical and academic supervision throughout. Other key components include senior clinical and Executive Board support and an existing vibrant research culture at our organisation.ConclusionsThe St Bartholomew’s Hospital model, focusing on individualised posts integrating clinical and academic roles to address service needs, offers a novel approach to supporting post‐doctoral clinical academic careers in a clinical setting.Relevance to clinical practiceSince doctorally‐prepared nurses can raise clinical practice standards we developed a sustainable infrastructure to increase our postdoctoral nursing and allied professional workforce. This model could provide a framework for other hospitals to embed postdoctoral clinical academic careers in practice.
Direct oral anticoagulant use and risk of severe COVID‐19
Authors: Flam B. , Wintzell V. , Ludvigsson J. F. , Mårtensson J. , Pasternak B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypercoagulability and thromboembolism are prominent features of severe COVID‐19, and ongoing anticoagulant use might be protective.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide register‐based cohort study in Sweden, February through May, 2020, to assess whether ongoing direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use was associated with reduced risk of hospital admission for laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19, or a composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death due to laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19.ResultsDOAC use (n = 103 703) was not associated with reduced risk of hospital admission for COVID‐19 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] [95% confidence interval] 1.00 [0.75–1.33] vs. nonuse atrial fibrillation comparator [n = 36 875]; and aHR 0.94 [0.80–1.10] vs. nonuse cardiovascular disease comparator [n = 355 699]), or ICU admission or death due to COVID‐19 (aHRs 0.76 [0.51–1.12], and 0.90 [0.71–1.15], respectively).ConclusionOngoing DOAC use was not associated with reduced risk of severe COVID‐19, indicating that prognosis would not be modified by early outpatient DOAC initiation.
Utilization of macro‐nutrients and minerals in captive greater one‐horned rhinoceros fed season‐specific diets
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Das Asit , Kullu Singray Saleeb , Durge Sharad Moreshwar , Sharma Anil Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to study nutrient and mineral utilization in greater one‐horned rhinoceros fed season‐specific diets. Nine adult greater one‐horned rhinoceros (774–2407 kg BW) of Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park, Patna, Bihar, India, were used in this experiment. Three digestion trials of 60‐d duration were conducted per animal, out of which 55 days was adaptation period and 5 days was collection period. The amount of concentrate was kept constant during all the trials. Green fodder sources were sugarcane, berseem (Trifolium alexndrinum) and chari (Sorghum bicolor) during trials I, II and III respectively. Green fodders were offered 20% in excess of previous day's intake in the afternoon. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fibre was higher (p < .01) in group II as compared to other groups. Apparent digestibility of crude protein was lowest (p < .01) in group I, followed by group III, and the highest value was observed in group II. Apparent digestibility of Ca and P was lower in greater one‐horned rhinoceros fed sugarcane and sorghum as green fodder source. In spite of this, sugarcane and sorghum‐based diets were able to meet the requirement of Ca, P, Fe and Mn. Berseem supplied Ca in excess of requirement. All the diets were deficient in Zn. Hence, a suitable supplement of Zn should be added to the conventional zoo diet of greater one‐horned rhinoceros.
A reclassification of Northwest Africa 2900 from CV3 to CK3 chondrite
Authors: Torrano Zachary A. , Davidson Jemma , Wadhwa Meenakshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe similarities between CV and CK chondrites are so substantial that some studies have argued for a common parent body origin. These similarities also mean that they are susceptible to misclassification as one another. It is, therefore, important to accurately classify CV and CK chondrites to properly compare the properties of the two groups and evaluate the single parent body hypothesis. In this study, we re‐evaluate the current classification of Northwest Africa (NWA) 2900 as a CV3 chondrite. Based on chondrule abundance (~13%), average chondrule diameter (1.11 ± 0.67 mm), iron content in chondrule olivine (Fa1 to Fa35 with a peak near ~Fa31) and matrix olivine (Fa33 to Fa36), magnetite abundance (~4 vol%), elemental abundances in olivine (Cr2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, MnO, NiO, and CaO) and magnetite (Cr2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, and NiO), and comparison with previously reported data for CV and CK chondrites, we propose that the classification of NWA 2900 be changed from CV3 chondrite to CK3 chondrite, with characteristics most similar to those of the CK3.8 subtype. We additionally suggest minor modifications to the compositional criteria used to distinguish between CV and CK chondrites and demonstrate that NWA 2900 extends the range of bulk oxygen isotope compositions of CK chondrites.
Child feeding practices and concerns: Thematic content analysis of Thai virtual communities
Authors: Supthanasup Abhirat , Banwell Cathy , Kelly Matthew , Yiengprugsawan Vasoontara Sbirakos , Davis Jenny L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParents' child feeding practices are influenced not only by family but also by a broader circle of networks, including online groups. Peer‐to‐peer platforms such as Facebook groups facilitate a learning environment and may influence the transmission of user‐generated content into practice. These digital data not only benefit participants but also offer new opportunities for researchers to study related phenomena. Therefore, this study employs thematic content analysis to investigate peer‐exchanging discourse conveyed in Facebook peer‐support groups in children's diets in Thailand. To identify the area of interest, we classified and quantified the initial posts and investigated the relationship between initial posts' contents and community engagement. Thematic analysis was used to qualitatively describe the peer‐exchanging content that responded to the initial posts. Of the five approved Facebook groups, 200 initial posts with their 1964 comments were extracted anonymously. Results revealed that Facebook groups devoted to diets for children have become a platform for Thai parents to seek informational and emotional support. The top‐ranked initial posts were related to requesting knowledge and skills about age‐appropriate food and meal preparation. Parents have also expressed anxiety about feeding and tension related to food fussiness which created the need for emotional support. Age‐appropriate feeding, homemade baby foods, concerns about food seasonings and food allergy awareness were observable within online groups. However, a shift from traditional child feeding practices to new ideas created cultural gaps which lead to arguments in some families. Understanding these views would help guide to address parental concerns better.
Differential requirement of MED14/17 recruitment for activation of heat inducible genes
Authors: Ohama Naohiko , Moo Teck Lim , Chua Nam‐Hai 
Published: November 2020

Summary

The mechanism of heat stress response in plants has been studied, focusing on the function of transcription factors (TFs). Generally, TFs recruit coactivators, such as Mediator, are needed to assemble the transcriptional machinery. However, despite the close relationship with TFs, how coactivators are involved in transcriptional regulation under heat stress conditions is largely unclear.

We found a severe thermosensitive phenotype of Arabidopsis mutants of MED14 and MED17. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that a quarter of the heat stress (HS)‐inducible genes were commonly downregulated in these mutants. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that the recruitment of Mediator by HsfA1s, the master regulators of heat stress response, is an important step for the expression of HS‐inducible genes.

There was a differential requirement of Mediator among genes; TF genes have a high requirement whereas heat shock proteins (HSPs) have a low requirement. Furthermore, artificial activation of HsfA1d mimicking perturbation of protein homeostasis induced HSP gene expression without MED14 recruitment but not TF gene expression. Considering the essential role of MED14 in Mediator function, other coactivators may play major roles in HSP activation depending on the cellular conditions.

Our findings highlight the importance of differential recruitment of Mediator for the precise control of HS responses in plants.
Is lorcaserin really associated with increased risk of cancer? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Andrade Mesquita Leonardo , Fagundes Piccoli Giovana , Richter da Natividade Gabriella , Frison Spiazzi Bernardo , Colpani Verônica , Gerchman Fernando 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported in February 2020 an increased risk of cancer with lorcaserin in the follow‐up of the CAMELLIA‐TIMI 61 trial. This systematic review and meta‐analysis addresses whether lorcaserin is associated with higher incidence of cancer compared with other interventions or no treatment. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for randomized controlled trials that compared lorcaserin with other interventions or no treatment in adults. We performed descriptive synthesis of all included studies and conducted meta‐analysis of trials that reported new cases of cancer. From 11 trials, comprising 21,299 individuals, four studies were included in the meta‐analysis and reported 476 cases of cancer in 10,342 subjects in the lorcaserin group and 438 among 9429 individuals randomized to placebo (relative risk [RR]: 1.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.96–1.23). The result was heavily influenced by the CAMELLIA‐TIMI 61 trial. In this study, the lorcaserin group had a higher risk of lung and pancreatic but not colon cancer. Overall risk of bias was low, and quality of evidence was moderate. The current evidence does not confirm the increased risk of cancer with lorcaserin but suggests a trend in this direction, with a greater incidence of some subtypes such as lung and pancreas.
Planning Results for High Tibial Osteotomies in Degenerative Varus Osteoarthritis Using Standing and Supine Whole Leg Radiographs
Authors: Bockmann Benjamin , Nebelung Wolfgang , Boese Christoph K , Schulte Tobias L , Venjakob Arne J 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveIn this study, we hypothesized that standing and supine X‐rays lead to different preoperative planning results.MethodsThe present study included 168 pictures from 81 patients who were treated surgically with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for varus deformity between January 2017 and February 2018. Each patient underwent whole leg X‐ray examinations in both standing and supine position. On both images, the following parameters were measured: degree of axis deviation (DAD), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), width of medial (MJS) and lateral joint space (LJS), and the correction angle (CA). The results were correlated with the patients’ age and body mass index (BMI). To analyze intra‐observer reliability, the same researcher, blinded to the previous measurements, remeasured all X‐rays from 10 patients 8 weeks after the initial measurements were carried out.ResultsWhile mLDFA (P = 0.075), mMPTA (P = 0.435), and MJS (P = 0.119) did not show any differences between the two modalities, LJS (P = 0.016) and DAD (P < 0.001) differed significantly, leading to different correction angles (P < 0.001). The mean difference of the CA was 1.7° ± 2.2° (range, −2.6° to−15.4°). In 14 legs (17%), the standing X‐ray led to a correction angle that was at least 3° larger than the calculation revealed in the supine X‐ray; in 4 legs (5%), it was at least 5° larger. Increased BMI (r = 0.191, P = 0.088) and older age (r = 0.057 , P = 0.605) did not show relevant correlation with DAD differences. However, more severe varus malalignment in the supine radiograph did correlate moderately with differences of correction angles between supine and weight‐bearing radiographs (r = 0.414, P < 0.001). The analysis of the intra‐rater reliability revealed mediocre to excellent intercorrelation coefficients between the measurements of the observer.ConclusionThe use of supine and standing X‐ray images leads to different planning results when performing high tibial osteotomies for varus gonarthrosis. To avoid potential overcorrection, surgeons might consider increased lateral joint spaces on standing radiographs in osteoarthritic knees with varus deviation.
Identifying public concerns and reactions during the COVID‐19 pandemic on Twitter: A text‐mining analysis
Authors: Osakwe Zainab Toteh , Ikhapoh Izuagie , Arora Bhavleen Kaur , Bubu Omonigbo Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEfforts to control the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have led to national lockdowns around the world. Reactions to the rapidly evolving outbreak were shared on social media platforms. We conducted a mixed‐methods analysis of tweets collected from May 10 to May 24, 2020, using MAXQDA software in conjunction with Twitters search API using the keywords: “COVID‐19,” “coronavirus pandemic,” “Covid19,” “face masks,” and included terms such as “Queens,” “Bronx,” “New York.” A total of 7, 301 COVID‐19‐related tweets across the globe were analyzed. We used SAS Text Miner V.15.1 for descriptive text mining to uncover the primary topics in unstructured textual data. Content analysis of tweets revealed six themes: surveillance, prevention, treatments, testing and cure, symptoms and transmission, fear, and financial loss. Our study also demonstrates the feasibility of using Twitter to capture real‐time data to assess the public's concerns and public health needs during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
New specific quantitative real‐time PCR assays shed light on the epidemiology of two species of the Leptosphaeria maculans–Leptosphaeria biglobosa species complex
Authors: Jacques Noémie , Balesdent Marie‐Hélène , Rouxel Thierry , Laval Valérie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhoma stem canker, a highly damaging disease of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), is caused by fungi of the Leptosphaeria maculans/Leptosphaeria biglobosa species complex. On B. napus, at least in Europe, L. maculans ‘brassicae’ (LMB) and L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’ (LBB) are often found together, in the same fields. The biology and epidemiology of LMB have been intensively studied, but few studies have investigated the infection and colonization processes of LBB, and unanswered questions remain concerning the relative contributions of these two species to phoma stem canker disease. We addressed this question by developing two species‐specific robust quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays, one for each species, for detecting and quantifying these species in field samples of oilseed rape. The assays were highly specific, reproducible, and sensitive. We used them to obtain an overview of stem canker epidemiology in a two‐year field study of a B. napus genotype susceptible to LMB, and a near‐isogenic line harbouring Rlm11, a gene conferring effective resistance to LMB. Inoculum pressure differed considerably between the two years of the experiment, and we found that LMB leaf spotting intensity at limited observation time points was insufficient for predicting final disease severity. We also found that LBB was more prevalent than previously thought, with epidemiological and colonization biology characteristics very similar to those of LMB, but a necrotrophic lifestyle. The general presence of these two species together on leaves and in the stem tissues of the same individual plant raises questions about their relative incidence and biological interactions within plant tissues.
Qur’ānic imaginations in the making: New religious movements in Mughal‐era Islam
Authors: Sherman William E. B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the study of premodern Islam, is it possible to draw fruitfully upon the theories and methods that characterize the study of new religious movements? This article examines three approaches to the Qur’ān in the sixteenth‐century Mughal Empire: the Qur’ānic imitation of Bāyazīd Anṣārī, the lipogramatic exegesis of Fayżī, and the moral commentary of Badā’ūnī. These works reveal the innovation, contingency, and “newness” of Islamic Qur’ānic traditions in the Mughal domain. Though they disagreed vehemently, Bāyazīd, Fayżī, and Badā’ūnī all approached the Qur’ān as a revelation that is emergent and ongoing rather than fixed in the historical past. This article argues that the study of premodern Mughal religion – and the history of Islam more generally – benefits from heuristically understanding Islamic texts as part of ever‐emergent “new religious movements” rather than as examples of a single transhistorical religion.
Philosophy and Laughter: Introductory Notes
Authors: Olivier Abraham 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUntil recently, few philosophers worked on laughter, and it was typically viewed negatively. However, the last four decades have witnessed a significant increase in philosophical writings about and positive views of laughter. This introductory paper attempts to show that, in line with this development, contributions to this special issue explore various fresh theoretical, thematic, historical, and critical aspects of laughter and its relation to philosophy. These contributions can be divided roughly into two intersecting groups, with one group focused on the theoretical, thematic, and historical exploration of laughter, and the other on critical social and moral issues of laughter. They demonstrate how laughter matters to philosophers as a serious philosophical subject, and they take care to distinguish objectionable types of laughter from its constructive uses as social and moral critique and facilitator.
Lower limb force‐production capacities in alpine skiing disciplines
Authors: Cross Matthew R. , Rivière Jean Romain , Coulmy Nicolas , Morin Jean‐Benoit , Samozino Pierre 
Published: December 2020

Specific force capacities might be a limiting factor for alpine skiing performance, yet there is little consensus on the capabilities in question, and whether they differ between disciplines. We aimed to test discipline (speed and technical) and performance (event‐specific world standing) effects on lower limb force‐production qualities. National‐level skiers (N = 31) performed loaded squat jumps and isometric mid‐thigh pulls to detect dynamic force output at extremely low and high velocities and maximum isometric force and rate of force development, respectively. Discipline differences were assessed via a general linear model including performance and allowing for interaction effects, with performance associations further characterized via distinct Pearson's correlations. Jump height did not differentiate disciplines, with absolute power slightly higher in speed athletes (F(1,27) = 4.42, P = .045, ω2 = 0.10), and neither variables were related to performance. Speed athletes possessed greater dynamic force at low velocities (F0; F(1,27) = 13.8, P < .001, ω2 = 0.17), and greater relative and absolute maximum isometric force (F(1,25) = 11.19‐20.70, ω2 = 0.16‐0.22, P < .003). Overall, higher ranked athletes possessed more force‐dominant profiles (F(1,27) = 16.28, ω2 = 0.34; r = 0.60 to 0.67, P < .001) and increased rate of force development characteristics (average and maximum, r = −0.50 to −0.82, P < .048). Very robust associations existed between maximum isometric force and speed performance (r = −0.88, P < .001), but only a trend for higher absolute isometric force in technical athletes (r = −0.49, P = .052). Alpine skiers display a preponderance for dynamic force output at low velocities, and isometric force for speed athletes, which highlights the interest in specific assessment and conditioning practices for ski athletes.