bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the immune system and the biomarker CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA−CD62L− in the pathophysiology of migraine
Authors: Pavelek Zbyšek , Souček Ondřej , Krejsek Jan , Sobíšek Lukáš , Klímová Blanka , Masopust Jiří , Kuča Kamil , Vališ Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe role of the immune system as an integral component of the inflammatory response in the pathophysiology of migraine remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in immune system parameters (acquired immunity parameters) in patients with episodic migraine (EM) and in healthy controls. In EM patients, we aimed to determine whether the changes found in peripheral blood parameters were related to migraine severity according to the standardised MIDAS and HIT-6 tests. Forty-nine patients with EM and 50 healthy controls were included in this study. The authors compared different lymphocyte parameters obtained by multicolor flow cytometry in the EM and control groups by performing statistical tests. The relationship between the changes in peripheral blood parameters and migraine severity in EM patients was investigated using correlation and regression analysis. EM patients showed higher values than healthy controls, especially in nine parameters: relative count of lymphocytes, relative and absolute counts of CD3 T cells, relative and absolute counts of CD8 suppressor cytotoxic T cells, relative and absolute counts of CD4 + TEMRA (terminally differentiated helper T lymphocytes), absolute count of CD8 naïve T cells, and absolute count of CD19 switched memory B cells. Among the lymphocyte parameters, CD4 + TEM (effector memory helper T lymphocytes) and CD8 + TEMRA (terminally differentiated cytotoxic T lymphocytes) were statistically significantly associated with HIT-6. Patients with a CD4 + TEM value below 15 had a high probability (90%) that the HIT-6 value would be higher than 60. The results of this study show that EM patients have changes in immune system parameters measured in the peripheral blood. Changes in the abundance of CD4 + TEM could be used as a biomarker for disease severity.
NOD1 deficiency promotes an imbalance of thyroid hormones and microbiota homeostasis in mice fed high fat diet
Authors: González-Ramos Silvia , Paz-García Marta , Fernández-García Victoria , Portune Kevin J. , Acosta-Medina Emilio F. , Sanz Yolanda , Castrillo Antonio , Martín-Sanz Paloma , Obregon Maria Jesus , Boscá Lisardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe contribution of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein NOD1 to obesity has been investigated in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Absence of NOD1 accelerates obesity as early as 2 weeks after feeding a HFD. The obesity was due to increases in abdominal and inguinal adipose tissues. Analysis of the resting energy expenditure showed an impaired function in NOD1-deficient animals, compatible with an alteration in thyroid hormone homeostasis. Interestingly, free thyroidal T4 increased in NOD1-deficient mice fed a HFD and the expression levels of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue were significantly lower in NOD1-deficient mice than in the wild type animals eating a HFD, thus contributing to the observed adiposity in NOD1-deficient mice. Feeding a HFD resulted in an alteration of the proinflammatory profile of these animals, with an increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver and in the white adipose tissue, and an elevation of the circulating levels of TNF-α. In addition, alterations in the gut microbiota in NOD1-deficient mice correlate with increased vulnerability of their ecosystem to the HFD challenge and affect the immune-metabolic phenotype of obese mice. Together, the data are compatible with a protective function of NOD1 against low-grade inflammation and obesity under nutritional conditions enriched in saturated lipids. Moreover, one of the key players of this early obesity onset is a dysregulation in the metabolism and release of thyroid hormones leading to reduced energy expenditure, which represents a new role for these hormones in the metabolic actions controlled by NOD1.
Leflunomide monotherapy versus combination therapy with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective study
Authors: Deng Daihua , Zhou Jun , Li Min , Li Siyin , Tian Lan , Zou Jinmei , Wang Tingting , Wu Jianhong , Zeng Fanxin , Yang Jing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLeflunomide (LEF) is a conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, there are few reports on the comparison of efficacy between LEF alone and combined with other csDMARDs. Here, the efficacy and safety of LEF monotherapy (88) and combination (361) therapy groups were evaluated. After 3 months, there were no significant differences in 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) between the monotherapy and combination groups (all P > 0.05). According to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria, it was found that the DAS28 response rates were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). Besides, the two groups presented similar safety profiles. Subgroup analysis found that there was no difference in efficacy among the three combined therapies (LEF + methotrexate (MTX), LEF + hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and LEF + MTX + HCQ) and LEF monotherapy. Furthermore, when the dose of LEF was less than 40 mg/day, no significant difference in efficacy was observed between low and high doses. Overall, these results indicated that low dose LEF monotherapy was not inferior to the combination therapy.
Study on the preparation of geranyl acetone and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and its application in cigarette flavoring
Authors: Du Fu , Pan Tingting , Ji Xiaoming , Hu Jingyan , Ren Tianbao 
Published: July 2020

Abstractβ-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex containing geranyl acetone as a guest was prepared by saturated water solution method. Furthermore, the structure and properties of the inclusion complex were studied. The formation of the inclusion complex was demonstrated by. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermodynamic analysis of the inclusion complex showed that the inclusion reaction is an endothermic spontaneous reaction. The average of △H, △S and △G is 11.66 kJ mol−1, 0.082 kJ mol−1 and − 14.49 kJ mol−1, respectively. Moreover, the kinetic analysis of thermal decomposition of the inclusion compound showed that the thermal decomposition reaction is a first-order reaction (the inclusion ratio is 1:1), the average activation energy of the reaction is 180.90 kJ mol−1, and the binding force in the inclusion compound is mainly Van der Waals force. The flavor test of cigarettes showed that the inclusion compound improved the stability of geranyl acetone and the sensory quality of cigarettes. This study improves the solubility and thermal stability of geranyl acetone, and provides theoretical support and technical guidance for expanding the application of geranyl acetone.
LncRNA HOTAIR contributes Taxol-resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via activating AKT phosphorylation by down-regulating miR-34a
Authors: Duan Yunfei , Chen Jing , Yang Yu , Qu Zhen , Lu Yunjie , Sun Donglin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Drug resistance of Taxol leads to the treatment failure in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LncRNA HOTAIR have drawn increasing attention in various diseases; its function and mechanism in Taxol-resistance in HCC remain unclear. In the present study, the two Taxol resistant HCC cell lines (HepG2/Taxol and SMMC7721/Taxol) were induced. The qRT-PCR data exhibited that over-expressed HOTAIR as well as low-expressed miR-34a were founded in HepG2/Taxol and SMMC7721/Taxol cells. HOTAIR knockdown suppresses proliferation, invasion and promotes apoptosis of in HepG2/Taxol and SMMC7721/Taxol cells through up-regulating miR-34a by MTT assay, transwell invasion assays and flow cytometry, while down-regulation of miR-34a had an opposite effect on reversing Taxol resistance. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were significantly up-regulated by si-HOTAIR transfection, while Bcl-2 level exhibited opposite trend. Besides, HOTAIR knockdown impaired Taxol-resistance in HCC by accommodating Akt phosphorylation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling via interacting with miR-34a. The present study may afford a valuable target for treating Taxol-resistance in HCC.
Diabetische Nephropathie
Authors: Busch Martin , Wolf Gunter 
Published: July 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn der deutschen Bevölkerung leiden 8–9 % an Diabetes mellitus. Vor allem die ältere Bevölkerung ist betroffen, häufiger in den neuen Bundesländern. Die Gesamtprävalenz einer Nierenerkrankung bei Diabetikern wird in Deutschland mit 15 % angegeben. Bis zu 40 % der Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus entwickeln im Verlauf eine Nephropathie. Diabetesdauer, höheres Alter, Blutzucker- und Blutdruckeinstellung sind Einflussfaktoren, auch bislang nicht vollständig charakterisierte (poly)genetische Faktoren. Die Verdachtsdiagnose einer diabetischen Nephropathie erfolgt beim Nachweis einer Mikroalbuminurie und/oder anderweitig nicht erklärbarer Einschränkung der geschätzten („estimated“) glomerulären Filtrationsrate (eGFR). Beweisend ist nur eine Nierenbiopsie, die jedoch selten indiziert ist. Andere oder Koentitäten sind dennoch häufig. Zur Prävention und Progressionshemmung einer Nephropathie sollte ein individualisierter HbA1c-Korridor von 6,5–7,5 % angestrebt werden. Basierend auf einer Metformintherapie sind bei Typ-2-Diabetes dann SGLT-2-Hemmer und GLP-1-Agonisten bevorzugt einzusetzen, da sie eigenständige nephro- und kardioprotektive Effekte aufweisen. Typ-1-Diabetiker sind intensiviert mit Insulin zu behandeln. Eine adäquate Blutdruckkontrolle sollte mittels Blockade des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems erfolgen. Gewichtsreduktion, körperliche Aktivität, Beendigung des Rauchens sowie Behandlung einer Dyslipidämie sind weitere Maßnahmen.
Funktionelle Ergebnisse nach laparoskopischer vs. roboterassistierter Sigmaresektion bei Divertikulitis
Authors: Beltzer Christian Rainer , Knörzer Lisa , Dippel Hartmut , Schmidt Roland 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Sigmaresektion bei Divertikulitis zählt zu den am häufigsten durchgeführten Kolonresektionen. Die minimalinvasive laparoskopische Resektion stellt dabei den operativen Goldstandard dar. Seit wenigen Jahren werden Sigmaresektionen auch roboterassistiert (Da-Vinci®-System) durchgeführt. Unklar ist, ob in Bezug auf das funktionelle Outcome relevante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Verfahren bestehen.
Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine postoperative Nachbefragung aller Patienten, bei denen im Zeitraum November 2013 bis November 2018 eine laparoskopische oder roboterassistierte Sigmaresektion bei Divertikulitis durchgeführt wurde, mit einem Mindestabstand von 6 Monaten zur Operation. Es wurden Kontinenzstörungen, die Entwicklung der Beschwerden gegenüber dem präoperativen Zustand, Veränderungen des Stuhlgangs (Obstipation, Diarrhö), Beeinträchtigung im Alltag und Schmerzen erfasst. Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen wurden anhand des Chi-Quadrat-Tests auf statistische Signifikanzen geprüft.
Ergebnisse Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden insgesamt 106 minimalinvasive Sigmaresektionen bei Divertikulitis durchgeführt (laparoskopisch: n = 46, roboterassistiert: n = 60). Davon beantworteten 74 Patienten (70%; laparoskopisch: n = 28, roboterassistiert: n = 46) den Fragebogen und wurden in die Auswertung aufgenommen. Kontinenzstörungen wurden in insgesamt 22% der Fälle angegeben. In keiner der abgefragten Variablen ergab sich zwischen den Gruppen ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied.
Schlussfolgerung In Bezug auf funktionelle Ergebnisse nach minimalinvasiver Sigmaresektion bei Divertikulitis sind die laparoskopische und die roboterassistierte Sigmaresektion als gleichwertige Verfahren anzusehen.
Manejo da fratura supracondiliana do úmero na criança
Authors: Poggiali Pedro , Nogueira Francisco Carlos Salles , Nogueira Maria Paula de Mello 
Published: July 2020

ResumoA fratura supracondiliana do úmero representa cerca de 3 a 15% de todas as fraturas na criança, sendo a que mais requer tratamento cirúrgico na população pediátrica. Apesar de os avanços no tratamento e na assistência terem contribuído para uma redução drástica da complicação mais temida, a contratura isquêmica de Volkmann, os riscos inerentes à fratura permanecem. Ausência de pulso palpável em fraturas tipo III é reportada em até 20% dos casos. Uma cuidadosa avaliação sensitiva, motora e vascular do membro acometido é fundamental na determinação da urgência do tratamento. Crianças mais velhas, sexo masculino, cotovelo flutuante, e lesão neurovascular são fatores de risco para a síndrome de compartimento. A cominuição medial pode levar à consolidação em varo, mesmo nos casos aparentemente inocentes. O método de escolha para o tratamento da fratura desviada é a redução fechada e fixação percutânea. Os erros na fixação e posicionamento inadequado dos implantes são as principais causas de perda de redução. Já existem evidências suficientes para a utilização de um terceiro fio de Kirschner, lateral ou medial, nas fraturas instáveis (tipo III e IV). Baseado nos conceitos atuais, um fluxograma para o tratamento da fratura supracondiliana do úmero na criança é sugerido pelos autores.
Estenose degenerativa do canal lombar
Authors: Hennemann Sergio , de Abreu Marcelo Rodrigues 
Published: July 2020

ResumoA estenose degenerativa do canal vertebral lombar é a causa mais frequente de dor lombar e/ou ciática no paciente idoso; sua epidemiologia, fisiopatogenia, manifestações e testes clínicos são revistos em ampla investigação bibliográfica atual. A importância da relação entre a clínica e o estudo por imagens, principalmente a ressonância magnética (RM), é ressaltada. Antes da indicação do tratamento, é necessário identificar a localização precisa da dor, bem como o diagnóstico diferencial entre a claudicação neurogênica e a vascular. O tratamento conservador associando medicações com as diversas técnicas fisioterápicas resolve o problema na maioria dos casos, já o teste terapêutico com os bloqueios, seja epidural, foraminal ou facetário, é realizado quando as dores não cedem com o tratamento conservador e antes da indicação da cirurgia. Os bloqueios costumam dar melhores resultados no alívio dos sintomas de ciatalgia e menos no quadro de claudicação neurogênica. A descompressão da cauda equina e/ou radicular associada ou não à artrodese é o padrão ouro quando a intervenção cirúrgica é necessária. A artrodese após a descompressão é necessária nos casos com instabilidade segmentar, como na espondilolistese degenerativa. Quando a estenose de canal acontece em múltiplos níveis e vem acompanhada de desvio de eixo, seja coronal e/ou sagital, deve ser realizada, além das descompressões e artrodese, a correção dos desvios de eixo, principalmente o eixo sagital, quando a correção da lordose lombar se impõe com técnicas que corrigem a lordose retificada para valores próximos à incidência pélvica.
Outcomes before and after Adopting Guidelines for Expectant Management of Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Sanjanwala Aalok R. , Jauk Victoria C. , Cozzi Gabriella D. , Becker David A. , Harper Lorie M. , Casey Brian M. , Tita Alan T. , Subramaniam Akila 
Published: July 2020

Objective This study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with severe preeclampsia before and after implementation of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) taskforce hypertensive guidelines.
Study Design Single-center retrospective cohort study of women with severe preeclampsia delivering live nonanomalous singletons 23 to 342/7 weeks from 2013 to 2017. In 2015, the ACOG guidelines for expectant management of severe preeclampsia were implemented at our institution. Based on this, patients were categorized as preguideline (January 2013–December 2015) or postguideline adoption (January 2016–December 2017). Primary outcomes included composite maternal morbidity and composite neonatal morbidity; secondary outcomes included composite components, length of stay, birth weight, and delivery gestational age. Groups were compared with Student's t-test, Chi-square, and Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests; adjusted odds ratios (aOR; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated. Yearly composite outcomes were compared using the Cochran–Armitage trend test. We estimated a sample size of 250 per group would provide 80% power at α = 0.05 to detect a 50% reduction in neonatal morbidity from a baseline rate of 21.5%.
Results From 2013 to 2017, a total of 543 women with severe preeclampsia were identified: 278 (51%) preguideline and 265 (49%) postguideline. Baseline characteristics were overall similar between groups. There were no significant differences in maternal (aOR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.6–1.41) or neonatal (aOR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.61–1.28) composite morbidity between groups. Furthermore, there were no differences in composite maternal or neonatal morbidity over time.
Conclusion Perinatal outcomes were similar before and after implementation of severe preeclampsia management guidelines at our institution. Studies to evaluate if benefits are limited to subsets of this population, such as earlier gestational ages, are needed.
Key Points
Assessment of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Sound Exposure Using a Smartphone Application
Authors: Capriolo Christine , Viscardi Rose M. , Broderick Karen A. , Nassebeh Sepideh , Kochan Michael , Solanki Nina S. , Leung Jocelyn C. 
Published: July 2020

Objective This study aimed to determine the impact of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) design and environmental factors on neonatal sound exposures. We hypothesized that monitoring with a smartphone application would identify modifiable environmental factors in different NICU design formats.
Study Design Minimum, maximum, and peak decibel (dB) recordings were obtained using the Decibel X phone app, and the presence of noise sources was recorded in each patient space at three NICUs over a 6-month period (December 2017 to May 2018). Data were analyzed by Student's t-test and ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Data were collected at the University of Maryland Medical Center single family room (SFR) level IV and St. Agnes Healthcare hybrid pod/single family room level III NICU, Baltimore, MD and at Prince George's Hospital Center open-pod design Level III NICU, Cheverly, MD.
Results All recordings in the three NICUs exceeded the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended <45 dB level. The maximum and peak dB were highest in the open pod format level III NICU. Conversations/music alone and combined with other factors contributed to increased sound exposure. Sound exposure varied by day/night shift, with higher day exposures at the level III hybrid and open pod NICUs and higher night exposures at the level IV SFR NICU.
Conclusion Although sound exposure varied by NICU design, all recordings exceeded the AAP recommendation due, in part, to potentially modifiable environmental factors. A smartphone application may be useful for auditing NICU sound exposure in quality improvements efforts to minimize environmental sound exposure.
Key Points
Linear resistivity and Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) spin liquid behavior in a quantum critical metal with spin-1/2 fermions
Authors: Cha Peter , Wentzell Nils , Parcollet Olivier , Georges Antoine , Kim Eun-Ah 
Published: July 2020

Significance
In “Planckian metals,” electrons dissipate energy at the fastest possible rate allowed by the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, resulting in a linear temperature dependence of their electrical resistivity. Although observed for a number of quantum materials, this phenomenon lacks a general theoretical understanding and is often considered as one of the prominent fundamental questions in condensed matter physics. Here, we show that Planckian dissipation and a behavior consistent with the “marginal Fermi liquid” phenomenology emerge in the quantum critical regime separating a Mott insulating spin glass and a Fermi liquid. By establishing this behavior in an explicit model solvable by state-of-the-art computational methods, our theory paves the way toward a deeper understanding of Planckian or “strange” metals.
No clear association emerges between intergenerational relationships and COVID-19 fatality rates from macro-level analyses
Authors: Arpino Bruno , Bordone Valeria , Pasqualini Marta 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Several factors have been examined that contribute to the unequal impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of lethality and prevalence of cases across different geographical areas. Among them, intergenerational relationships (e.g., coresidence and contacts between family members of different generations) have been suspected to play a role in the spread and lethality of COVID-19. Our results show that available evidence on the link between intergenerational relationships and COVID-19 is inconclusive. Future studies need to use individual-level data to obtain more robust statistical evidence on this link before any policy suggestion can be provided.
LncRNA NEAT1 regulated inflammation and apoptosis in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via MiR-27a-3p/TAB3 axis
Authors: Wang Jiasheng , Chen Yong , Tang Ze , Hu Dabi , Yao Caoyuan , Yang Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study explored the mechanism of NEAT1 in sepsis-induced AKI rats. Cecal ligation punctures (CLP)-induced AKI rats were injected with siRNA-NEAT1 lentivirus. Kidney histopathology and apoptosis were evaluated via hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining, respectively. ELISA determined the levels of Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), TNF-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Colorimetry measured malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. qPCR analyzed NEAT1, miR-27a-3p, TAB3, Bcl-2, and Bax expressions. siNEAT1 reversed the promotive effect of CLP on kidney histopathological injury, and BUN, SCr, NGAL, KIM-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, and Bax levels and apoptosis, but raised CLP-downregulated SOD and Bcl-2 levels. NEAT1 sponged miR-27a-3p which targeted TAB3. siNEAT1 upregulated miR-27a-3p and downregulated TAB3 expression. TAB3 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of siNEAT1 on the LPS-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells. siNEAT1 alleviated sepsis-induced AKI in rats and LPS-induced sepsis of cells via miR-27a-3p/TAB3 axis.
Efficiency enhancement in InGaN-based laser diodes using an optimized Al0.12Ga0.88N electron blocking layer
Authors: Sandhu Harmanpreet Kaur , Sharma Abhishek , Jain Alok , Das Samaresh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a design for an electron blocking layer (EBL) is proposed to enhance the wall plug efficiency of InGaN-based laser diodes. Using calibrated 3D simulations (including thermal models), a comprehensive analysis of various design aspects (composition, thickness and p-doping) of EBLs is conducted, including their impact on carrier (electron and hole) wavefunction overlap and stimulated recombination rate in the quantum wells (QWs) along with the space charge density, electric field and free carrier absorption (FCA) at the interface of the p-side waveguide/EBL. The results indicate that Poole–Frenkel emission is vital for consideration of FCA in the p-doped layers of the epitaxial structure. Consequently, the proposed EBL design reduces electron overflow, improves hole injection, decreases the internal absorption losses and thus, enhances the internal quantum efficiency of the device. The threshold current is reduced from 230 mA to 205 mA as compared to the reference structure. The hole barrier is reduced by 23.93%. Hence, the output power is increased from 1.746 W to 1.95 W, and the voltage drop as well as the device temperature is reduced. These improvements enhance the efficiency from 37.4% of the reference structure to 42.1% in the proposed structure (corresponding to a bias current of 1 A).