bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring The Fetus In Labor: Evidence to Support the Methods
Authors: Albers Leah L. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTElectronic fetal monitoring (EFM) was implemented across the United States in the 1970s. By 1998, it was used in 84% of all U.S. births, regardless of whether the primary caregiver was a physician or a midwife. Numerous randomized trials have agreed that continuous EFM in labor increases the operative delivery rate, without clear benefit to the baby. Intermittent auscultation (IA) is safe and effective in low‐risk pregnancies and may play a role in helping birth remain normal. Clinicians and educators are encouraged to reconsider the use of IA in the care of healthy childbearing women.
Multimodal evaluation of an Italian family with a hereditary spastic paraplegia and POLR3A mutations
Authors: Ruggiero Lucia , Iovino Aniello , Dubbioso Raffaele , Cocozza Sirio , Trovato Rosanna , Aruta Francesco , Pontillo Giuseppe , Barghigiani Melissa , Brunetti Arturo , Santorelli Filippo Maria , Manganelli Fiore , Iodice Rosa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe an Italian family with adult‐onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia due to biallelic variants in POLR3A gene [c.1909 + 22G > A and c.3839dupT (p.M1280fs*20]. MRI showed a mild hyperintensity of superior cerebellar peduncles and cervical spinal cord atrophy. The neurophysiological metrics about intracortical excitability showed higher values of motor thresholds and a significant reduction of short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the patient with a more severe phenotype. Our multimodal evaluation further expands the wide phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in the POLR3A gene. An extensive genotype–phenotype correlation study is necessary to explain the role of the many new mutations on the function of protein.
A Practical Method for Analysis of Triacylglycerol Isomers Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Authors: Masuda Koji , Abe Kosuke , Murano Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTriacylglycerol (TAG) isomers have been reported to have differing physical and nutritional properties. The analysis of TAG isomers is therefore important for understanding the physical properties of lipids as well as their digestion and absorption. However, methods for the quantitative analysis of TAG regioisomers and enantiomers in vegetable oils and biological samples are still under development. Recently, methods using recycle high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and silver ion column‐HPLC have been reported. However the recycle HPLC method requires more than 1 hour, in general, for each sample that is analyzed. Furthermore, existing methods are unable to quantify regioisomers and enantiomers simultaneously. Thus, we aimed to develop a practical method to simultaneously quantify regioisomers and enantiomers of TAG. Three isomers of sn‐POO, OPO, and OOP were separated by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (SFC/MS/MS) using a CHIRALPAK® IG‐U column with acetonitrile and methanol as mobile phase. The separation was completed in 40 min, which is a shorter run time than the conventional techniques published to date. Linear calibration curves with standards were obtained and used to quantify sn‐OPO, sn‐POO, and sn‐OOP in extra virgin olive oil, refined olive oil, palm oil, palm olein, and interesterified palm olein.
Sure joint feature screening in nonparametric transformation model for right censored data
Authors: Liu Yi , Xu Jinfeng , Li Gang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExisting screening procedures for right censored data either posit a specific model or adopt a marginal approach; hence, they are prone to model misspecification or erroneous screening. To address these problems, we develop a joint feature screening method in nonparametric transformation models for censored survival data. A sparsity‐restricted estimator is proposed using a smoothed partial rank objective function and an iterative hard thresholding algorithm. We rigorously show that with probability tending to 1, the proposed method is capable of retaining all relevant features in the model and is more desirable than marginal screening. Furthermore, because the transformation model encompasses many popular models, such as the Cox model, as special cases, the developed joint screening method is more robust than its competitors. Its finite sample performance is illustrated using both simulation studies and a real data example. We have implemented our method using Matlab and made it available through Github https://github.com/yiucla/SPR-SJS.
Community health status and outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in the United States
Authors: Hong Sanghee , Brazauskas Ruta , Hebert Kyle M. , Ganguly Siddhartha , Abdel‐Azim Hisham , Diaz Miguel Angel , Beattie Sara , Ciurea Stefan O. , Szwajcer David , Badawy Sherif M. , Gratwohl Alois A. , LeMaistre Charles , Aljurf Mahmoud D. S. M. , Olsson Richard F. , Bhatt Neel S. , Farhadfar Nosha , Yared Jean A. , Yoshimi Ayami , Seo Sachiko , Gergis Usama , Beitinjaneh Amer M. , Sharma Akshay , Lazarus Hillard , Law Jason , Ulrickson Matthew , Hashem Hasan , Schoemans Hélène , Cerny Jan , Rizzieri David , Savani Bipin N. , Kamble Rammurti T. , Shaw Bronwen E. , Khera Nandita , Wood William A. , Hashmi Shahrukh , Hahn Theresa , Lee Stephanie J. , Rizzo J. Douglas , Majhail Navneet S. , Saber Wael 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe association of community factors and outcomes after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has not been comprehensively described. Using the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps (CHRR) and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), this study evaluated the impact of community health status on allogeneic HCT outcomes.MethodsThis study included 18,544 adult allogeneic HCT recipients reported to the CIBMTR by 170 US centers in 2014‐2016. Sociodemographic, environmental, and community indicators were derived from the CHRR, an aggregate community risk score was created, and scores were assigned to each patient (patient community risk score [PCS]) and transplant center (center community risk score [CCS]). Higher scores indicated less healthy communities. The impact of PCS and CCS on patient outcomes after allogeneic HCT was studied.ResultsThe median age was 55 years (range, 18‐83 years). The median PCS was –0.21 (range, –1.37 to 2.10; standard deviation [SD], 0.42), and the median CCS was –0.13 (range, –1.04 to 0.96; SD, 0.40). In multivariable analyses, a higher PCS was associated with inferior survival (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD increase, 1.04; 99% CI, 1.00‐1.08; P = .0089). Among hematologic malignancies, a tendency toward inferior survival was observed with a higher PCS (HR, 1.04; 99% CI, 1.00‐1.08; P = .0102); a higher PCS was associated with higher nonrelapse mortality (NRM; HR, 1.08; 99% CI, 1.02‐1.15; P = .0004). CCS was not significantly associated with survival, relapse, or NRM.ConclusionsPatients residing in counties with a worse community health status have inferior survival as a result of an increased risk of NRM after allogeneic HCT. There was no association between the community health status of the transplant center location and allogeneic HCT outcomes.
Cost‐effectiveness of ribociclib as initial treatment for premenopausal women with advanced breast cancer in Singapore
Authors: Loke Lydia , Lee Soo‐Chin , Pearce Fiona , Ng Kwong , Aziz Mohamed Ismail Abdul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCDK4/6 inhibitors have shown promising results for treating advanced breast cancer (ABC) and are routinely used in Singapore. In view of their high costs, it is important to assess their relative value compared to existing standards of care in the local setting.AimsThis study evaluates the cost‐effectiveness of adding ribociclib to goserelin and a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor or tamoxifen as initial therapy for premenopausal women with hormone receptor‐positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (HER2−) ABC in Singapore.MethodsA partitioned survival model with four health states (progression‐free on first‐line treatment, progression‐free on second‐line treatment, progressed disease, and death) was developed from a healthcare system perspective over a 10‐year time horizon. Key clinical inputs were derived from the MONALEESA‐7 trial, and survival curves were extrapolated beyond the trial period. Health state utilities were derived from the literature and direct medical costs were obtained from local public healthcare institutions. A discount rate of 3% was applied to both costs and outcomes. One‐way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore uncertainties.ResultsThe base‐case analysis resulted in an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of SGD197, 667 per quality‐adjusted life‐year. Sensitivity analyses showed that the ICER was sensitive to the survival parametric distribution, ribociclib price, time horizon, and utility weights used. Even when these were varied, ICERs remained high and not cost‐effective in the local context.ConclusionAt its current price, adding ribociclib to endocrine therapy is unlikely to be cost‐effective in Singapore for HR+, HER2− ABC. Results from this study are useful to inform future funding decisions for CDK4/6 inhibitors alongside other factors including clinical effectiveness, safety, and budget impact considerations.
Ex vivo enrichment of PRAME antigen‐specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy using CD137 activation marker selection
Authors: Lee Koon H , Gowrishankar Kavitha , Street Janine , McGuire Helen M , Luciani Fabio , Hughes Brendan , Singh Mandeep , Clancy Leighton E , Gottlieb David J , Micklethwaite Kenneth P , Blyth Emily 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveAdoptive immunotherapy with ex vivo expanded tumor‐specific T cells has potential as anticancer therapy. Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is an attractive target overexpressed in several cancers including melanoma and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), with low expression in normal tissue outside the gonads. We developed a GMP‐compliant manufacturing method for PRAME‐specific T cells from healthy donors for adoptive immunotherapy.MethodsMononuclear cells were pulsed with PRAME 15‐mer overlapping peptide mix. After 16 h, activated cells expressing CD137 were isolated with immunomagnetic beads and cocultured with irradiated CD137neg fraction in medium supplemented with interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐7 and IL‐15. Cultured T cells were restimulated with antigen‐pulsed autologous cells after 10 days. Cellular phenotype and cytokine response following antigen re‐exposure were assessed with flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and supernatant cytokine detection. Detailed phenotypic and functional analysis with mass cytometry and T‐cell receptor (TCR) beta clonality studies were performed on selected cultures.ResultsPRAME‐stimulated cultures (n = 10) had mean expansion of 2500‐fold at day 18. Mean CD3+ percentage was 96% with CD4:CD8 ratio of 4:1. Re‐exposure to PRAME peptide mixture showed enrichment of CD4 cells expressing interferon (IFN)‐γ (mean: 12.2%) and TNF‐α (mean: 19.7%). Central and effector memory cells were 23% and 72%, respectively, with 24% T cells expressing PD1. Mass cytometry showed predominance of Th1 phenotype (CXCR3+/CCR4neg/CCR6neg/Tbet+, mean: 73%) and cytokine production including IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐8, IL‐13 and GM‐CSF (2%, 6%, 8%, 4% and 11%, respectively).ConclusionPRAME‐specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy were enriched from healthy donor mononuclear cells. The products were oligoclonal, exhibited Th1 phenotype and produced multiple cytokines.
Hillslope sediment fence catch efficiencies and particle sorting for post‐fire rain storms
Authors: Wilson Codie , Kampf Stephanie K. , Wagenbrenner Joseph W. , MacDonald Lee H. , Gleason Hunter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSediment fences are often used to monitor hillslope erosion, but these can underestimate sediment yields due to overtopping of runoff and associated sediment. We modified four sediment fences to collect and measure the runoff and sediment that overtopped the fence in addition to the sediment deposited behind the fence. Specific objectives were to: (1) determine the catch efficiency of sediment fences measuring post‐fire hillslope erosion; (2) assess particle sorting of sand, silt/clay, and organic matter from each hillslope through the sediment fence and subsequent runoff collection barrels; (3) evaluate how catch efficiency and particle size sorting relate to site and rainfall‐runoff event characteristics; and (4) use runoff simulations to estimate sediment fence volumes for future post‐fire monitoring.Catch efficiency ranged from 28 to 100% for events and 38 to 94% per site for the entire sampling season, indicating a relatively large underestimation of sediment yields by sediment fences. Most of the eroded sediment had similar proportions of sand and silt/clay as the hillslope soils, but the sediment behind the fence was significantly enriched in sand while the sediment that overtopped the fence was more strongly enriched in silt/clay. The sediment fences had capacities of 3 m3 for hillslopes of 0.19–0.43 ha, but simulations of runoff for 2‐ to 100‐year storms indicate that the sediment fences would need a capacity of up to 240 m3 to store all of the runoff and associated sediment. More accurate measurements of sediment yields with sediment fences require either increasing the storage capacity of the sediment fence(s) to accommodate the expected volume of runoff and sediment, reducing the size of the contributing area, or directly measuring the runoff and sediment that overtop the fence. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surprising spatiotemporal stability of a multi-peak fitness landscape revealed by independent field experiments measuring hybrid fitness
Authors: Martin Christopher H. , Gould Katelyn J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effect of the environment on fitness in natural populations is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. However, experimental manipulations of both environment and phenotype at the same time are rare. Thus, the relative importance of the competitive environment versus intrinsic organismal performance in shaping the location, height, and fluidity of fitness peaks and valleys remains largely unknown. Here, we experimentally tested the effect of competitor frequency on the complex fitness landscape driving adaptive radiation of a generalist and two trophic specialist pupfishes, a scale-eater and molluscivore, endemic to hypersaline lakes on San Salvador Island (SSI), Bahamas. We manipulated phenotypes, by generating 3407 F4/F5 lab-reared hybrids, and competitive environment, by altering the frequency of rare transgressive hybrids between field enclosures in two independent lake populations. We then tracked hybrid survival and growth rates across these four field enclosures for 3–11 months. In contrast to competitive speciation theory, we found no evidence that the frequency of hybrid phenotypes affected their survival. Instead, we observed a strikingly similar fitness landscape to a previous independent field experiment, each supporting multiple fitness peaks for generalist and molluscivore phenotypes and a large fitness valley isolating the divergent scale-eater phenotype. These features of the fitness landscape were stable across manipulated competitive environments, multivariate trait axes, and spatiotemporal heterogeneity. We suggest that absolute performance constraints and divergent gene regulatory networks shape macroevolutionary (interspecific) fitness landscapes in addition to microevolutionary (intraspecific) competitive dynamics. This interplay between organism and environment underlies static and dynamic features of the adaptive landscape.
Stringent immigration enforcement and the mental health and health‐risk behaviors of Hispanic adolescent students in Arizona
Authors: Luo Tianyuan , Escalante Cesar L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of the enforcement of SB 1070, a stringent immigration law, on the mental health, health‐risk behaviors, and academic performance of Hispanic adolescent residents in Arizona. Using the difference‐in‐differences method, this study finds that SB 1070 increases their probability of feeling sad and decreases their physical activeness. The impact of SB 1070 on sad feelings and level of physical activity could have serious repercussions while it lasts. In addition, obese male Hispanic adolescents are more likely than their female or non‐obese counterparts to develop mental health problems and engage in health‐risk behaviors attributable to the stringent immigration policy. This study's empirical evidence on adverse mental health repercussions for Hispanic adolescents of state‐level immigration enforcement suggests the need to be careful in formulating and implementing immigration policies.
Quantifying the impacts of climate change and land use on hydrological processes: A comparison between mountain and lowland agricultural watersheds
Authors: Cui Zhen , Huang Jiacong , Tian Feng , Gao Junfeng , Wang Xuesong , Li Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMountain and lowland watersheds are two distinct geographical units with considerably different hydrological processes. Understanding their hydrological processes in the context of future climate change and land use scenarios is important for water resource management. This study investigated hydrological processes and their driving factors and eco‐hydrological impacts for these two geographical units in the Xitiaoxi watershed, East China, and quantified their differences through hydrological modelling. Hydrological processes in 24 mountain watersheds and 143 lowland watersheds were simulated based on a raster‐based Xin'anjiang model and a Nitrogen Dynamic Polder (NDP) model, respectively. These two models were calibrated and validated with an acceptable performance (Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of 0.81 and 0.50, respectively) for simulating discharge for mountain watersheds and water level for lowland watersheds. Then, an Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) model was used to help quantify the alterations to the hydrological process and their resulting eco‐hydrological impacts. Based on the validated models, scenario analysis was conducted to evaluate the impacts of climate and land use changes on the hydrological processes. The simulation results revealed that (a) climate change would cause a larger increase in annual runoff than that under land use scenario in the mountain watersheds, with variations of 19.9 and 10.5% for the 2050s, respectively. (b) Land use change was more responsible for the streamflow increment than climate change in the lowland watersheds, causing an annual runoff to increase by 27.4 and 16.2% for the 2050s, respectively. (c) Land use can enhance the response of streamflow to the climatic variation. (d) The above‐mentioned hydrological variations were notable in flood and dry season in the mountain watersheds, and they were significant in rice season in the lowland watersheds. (e) Their resulting degradation of ecological diversity was more susceptible to future climate change in the two watersheds. This study demonstrated that mountain and lowland watersheds showed distinct differences in hydrological processes and their responses to climate and land use changes.
Sustainability Indicators System Based on Multicriteria Analysis: A Tool for the Management of the Sustainability of Offshore Oil and Gas Production Units
Authors: Gaudencio Lucia Maria AL , Oliveira Rui , Curi Wilson F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The increasing production of oil and gas in the marine environment and the growing participation of companies of different nationalities and sizes require the use of tools to support the sustainable management of offshore oil and gas production units. This paper presents the results of the application of a sustainability indicator system, developed from the identification of the economic, environmental, social, and operational impacts of the activities of these production units. The sustainability performances of 3 oil and gas production units operating in the Brazilian marine environment were compared to the performance of one considered ideal, through the application of the PROMETHEE II and ordinal COPELAND multicriteria methods. The indicator system applied favored the analysis of the sustainability management of offshore oil and gas production activity in a multidimensional approach, considering the points of view of experts from various areas of knowledge, and proved to be a reliable tool to support the sustainable management of these offshore production units. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:614–625. © 2020 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Offshore oil and gas production requires reliable sustainability indicators, given that they are very distant from ideal sustainable performance. A representative sustainability indicators system must consider a multicriteria approach. The robustness of the sustainability indicator system is demonstrated by its application to different types of oil and gas production units under a variety of operational conditions in the Brazilian marine environment.
Aconitine disrupts serotonin neurotransmission via 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor in zebrafish embryo
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Feng , Ni Xuan , Rigui Yi , Bai Yuxia , Xu Liang , Yang Jingfeng , Zhang Xuefu , Deng Jiang , Li Jiawei , Yin Xiaoyu , Ao Wuliji , Kwok Kevin W.H. , Dong Wu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMedicinal plants of the genus Aconitum are one of the most commonly used herbs in traditional medicine in East Asia to treat conditions related to the heart, pain, or inflammation. However, these herbs are also dangerous as accidental poisoning due to misuse is a recurring issue. These plants contain a number of diester‐diterpenoid alkaloid compounds and aconitine is the most abundant and active one. This study investigated neurotoxicity of aconitine to zebrafish embryos in early development in relation to serotonin regulation. Experimental results showed that aconitine exposure (1, 10, and 100 μM) increased frequency of coiling behavior in zebrafish embryos in a dose‐dependent manner and this effect can be triggered by either exposure to 5‐hydroxytryptamine 1A (5‐HT1A) receptor agonist (±)‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐(dipropylamino)tetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT) or overexpression of serotonin receptor 5‐htr1ab. At the same time, coiling behavior caused by aconitine exposure could be rescued by co‐exposure to 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist WAY‐100635 Maleate (WAY100635) and knockdown of 5‐htr1ab using morpholino. Exposure to aconitine also significantly increased serotonin receptor 5‐htr1ab and 5‐htr1bd gene expression at 24 h post fertilization (hpf), but decreased their expression and protein expression of the serotonin receptor at 96 hpf with the high dose. These results suggest that neurotoxicity caused by aconitine is mediated through the 5‐HT receptor.