bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Malaysian Stingless Bees Propolis: Influence of Extraction Time, Co-modifier and Kinetic Modelling
Authors: Mohd Idrus Nor Faadila , Putra Nicky Rahmana , Yian Lee Nian , Idham Zuhaili , Tee Tan Ah , Soong Cheong Chiew , Aris Noor Aiysah , Md Norodin Nur Salsabila , Che Yunus Mohd Azizi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present work, the influence of extraction time and co-modifier on the yield of two types of MSB propolis, hard and sticky, using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technique were evaluated. Different pressure, CO2 flowrate and co-modifier percentage was studied at constant 40°C. SCCO2 extraction was carried out at high (25MPa, 5 ml min−1 CO2, 7% ethanol) and low (15MPa, 3 ml min−1 CO2, 3% ethanol) operating conditions for both hard and sticky MSB propolis. The result shows that 240 minutes was the best and efficient extraction time. Meanwhile, at high operating condition in SCCO2 technique has increased extraction yield of 1.1608g and 0.5656g for both hard and sticky MSB propolis with the addition of co-modifier. Extraction yield without co-modifier addition was 0.3602g and 0.0542g for hard and sticky MSB propolis, respectively. Co-modifier addition to the process had increase the extraction yield as much as 10 folds higher for sticky MSB propolis whilst, 3 folds higher for hard MSB propolis. These findings show that SCCO2 method propose a feasible technique for MSB propolis extraction as it only require short extraction time and complemented with co-modifier application. Brunner and Esquivel model were used to determine the kinetic behaviours in the extraction process. The maximum extraction rate found was 3×10−4 g sec−1 from the fitting the kinetic models.
Methane Gas Production from different composition of Food Waste and Chicken Manure
Authors: Tengku Roslina T Y , Maslinda A B , Mansor N N , Mohd Faiz M S , Hasfalina C M , Nor’Aini A R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High carbohydrate content in food waste is one of the characteristic suitable acted as a co-substrate for fermentation to produce methane gas. In this study, co-digestion of chicken manure (CM) and food waste (FW) was used for fermentation process in methane gas production. The different effects of the independent variables (ratio, pH and temperature) is the most significant parameters of methane gas fermentation of CM and FW were investigated. Based on the analytical study showed a good fit between the experimental and the predicted data as the R2 values of 0.991 with methane yield to be 537 mL CH4/g VS at ratio 80:20 (CM:FW); temperature 35 °C; and initial pH 7.11 in 20 days of fermentation. The experiment was then performed based on optimized parameters of pH, temperature and ratio at the highest yield of methane obtained from optimum parameters. After optimization, the result showed that the pH 7.11 at 35 °C temperature and the ratio of 80:20 with methane production yield of 1560.5 mL CH4/g VS for the 21 days of digestion process.
Chloroplast DNA sequence of trnR-N and trnL-F regions in Harumanis mango from different orchards in Perlis, Malaysia
Authors: Rahman AMA , Sabri SFM , Yusuf A , Zakaria Z , Kumar SV 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Harumanis is a premium mango cultivar widely known for its sweet taste, aroma and vibrant flesh colour. To date, the genetic identification of this mango based on multiple conserved DNA region using samples from different orchards has never been reported. The aim of this research is to identify the genetic signature of Harumanis mango at molecular level by analyzing chloroplast DNA sequences of the trnL-F and trnR-N regions. DNA samples were extracted from a total of 15 Harumanis samples collected from five selected orchards using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) extraction procedure. The extracted DNA and the PCR-amplified products were analyzed through gel electrophoresis and were then subjected to DNA Sequencing and in silico analysis. The obtained sequences were compared with the sequences available in the GeneBank. BLAST search for both the trnR-N and trnL-F regions confirmed that all the 15 samples belong to Mangifera indica with a 99% sequence identity. In addition, the trnL-F sequences were 99% identical to a number of specific mango cultivars such as, Tommy and Arunika. However, the trnR-N sequences were less informative as it gave hits to only two mango accessions (e.g. Mangifera indica voucher PDBK 2014-0249). It is postulated that the plastid trnR-N may be a potential candidate region for the development of the Harumanis genetic signature. The results may be used to complement other molecular data for the development of a genetic barcode for Harumanis.
Mathematical modelling of moisture sorption isotherms by using BET and GAB models
Authors: Abdullah S , Keoh S C , Johar H M , Razak N A , Shaari A R , Rukunudin I H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fish cracker is a popular local fish based snack in Malaysia. Besides the raw form which can be consumed directly, it is always eaten in the dried form. Thus study of moisture sorption isotherm of fish cracker is essential as to predict appropriate drying and storage conditions consecutively to enhance its nutrients, taste and aroma. In this study, the moisture sorption isotherms of fish crackers from two manufacturers M1 and M2 were developed by using a static gravimetric method at temperatures of 30, 40 and 50˚C and water activity (aw) range of 0.04 to 0.80. It is a relationship between equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and aw at a specified temperature. The isotherms exhibited a sigmoid shaped which classified as type II in Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) classification. The increase of temperature decreased the EMC of fish crackers while increase of aw increased the EMC. There was no significant difference of EMC between manufacturers M1 and M2. The moisture sorption isotherms of fish cracker were fitted into predicted isotherms by Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) and BET models. GAB model was found to be the best fit model of fish crackers’ moisture sorption isotherms as compared to BET model.
SURFACE WATER (WETLANDS) QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN COIMBATORE (INDIA) BASED ON NATIONAL SANITATION FOUNDATION WATER QUALITY INDEX (NSF WQI)
Authors: Murali K , Meenakshi M , Uma R N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
All Water quality index (WQI) is a unique rating to depict the overall water quality status in a single term to address the issues. The present work aims at assessing the water quality in terms of National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index [NSF WQI] in the four wetlands namely Ukkadam, Kurichi, Singanallur and Perur in Coimbatore, India. The surface water samples were subjected to compressive physio-chemical analysis. For calculation of NSFWQI nine parameters, DO, FC, BOD, pH, Phosphate, Nitrate, Turbidity, Total Solids and Temperature were considered. It is apparent from NSFWQI values that surface water in Ukkadam wetland falls under bad category. The water quality in Kurichi, Singanallur and Perur belongs to medium category.
Speed and Area Efficient FXP Adders and Multipliers: A Comparative Analysis for LNS System
Authors: Basir M S S M , Ismail R C , Naziri S Z M , Isa M N M , Murad S A Z , Harun A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a variety of adder and multiplier are compared to be implemented in a new logarithmic number system (LNS). Both adder and multiplier are designed with a generic very high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language (Verilog) program. This makes it possible to achieve the optimum performance in latency and area of 0.18µm CMOS technologies LNS chip. Consequently, the optimal configurations vary with speed and area of the schemes and in some cases can be compact area, O(n), fast in latency O(log2
n) or optimized. The program was scripted based on fixed-point (FXP) adders and multipliers that yet will be implemented in LNS system. The functionality of the scheme was tested before synthesized. Outcomes show that Ladner Fisher (LF) adder and modified Baugh Wooley multiplier contribute to fast in latency and consume minimal area.
Modified ISR hyper-heuristic for tuning automatic genetic clustering chromosome size
Authors: Adnan M H , Hassan M F , Aziz I A , Nurika O , Husain M S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent works using hyper-heuristics for solving clustering problems have been focusing on Genetic Algorithm. However, to the best of this research knowledge, no work is using hyper-heuristics dedicated for tuning the Genetic algorithm`s chromosome size for automatic clustering problem. The ability to tune the chromosome size is important because it allows the automatic clustering algorithm to be adaptive and dynamic. This paper proposes and evaluates a modified Improvement Selection Rules hyper-heuristic algorithm for tuning automatic genetic clustering chromosome size. The paper reviews related works of Genetic algorithm`s parameters tuning and selective hyper-heuristic algorithms and proposes a modified algorithm. The Iris, Breast Cancer, Wine and E-coli datasets are used for evaluation of the algorithm, based on the fitness, accuracy and robustness. The results indicate that the hyper-heuristic algorithm has produced good performance (fitness) and accuracy but consume considerably higher execution times.
Design A CPW Fed Implantable Antenna at frequency 2.4 GHz for Wireless Implantable Body Area Network
Authors: Ramli N.H. , Othman Hazila , Hamzah Dayang Khadijah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Designing implantable antenna is quite challenging due to the effect of lossy environment, necessity of small size and low power consumption and sequence of multipath losses. Thus, compact, small size and better performance are required for an antenna to operate in such systems. In this paper, the implantable antenna is designed by implemented coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed technique to enhances the antenna performances at frequency 2.4 GHz. The antenna performances are evaluated in term of return loss, gain, efficiency, radiation pattern. As the antenna is designed for wireless implantable body area network, hence, the antenna is tested in lossy environment. In this case, the antenna is submerged into a canola oil as it’s dielectric properties represent a human breast fat. The propagation links between antenna inside human body phantom and antenna in free space environment are evaluated. The simulated and measurement results are in good condition. The results of the investigation can be a references in the future.
Idvc Based Hysteresis Controller For Three-Phase Induction Motor Drive
Authors: Sangeetha S. , Mahalakshmi R. , Poornima D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Induction Motor is the most commonly used motor in industrial applications due to its characteristics like self-starting, reliable and easy speed control. The objective of the proposed system is to provide efficient speed control with lesser current harmonics. The Indirect Vector Control (IVDC) method is been presented for speed control of induction motor due to its high dynamic and low drift property. Though there were many classical methods for speed control like Ward-Leonard method etc.; in later years, power electronics circuits were preferred due to its high efficiency, reliability and accuracy. But the presence of static converter in drive circuits results in harmonics, giving in high feedback complexity. Therefore, the Hysteresis controller with conventional Proportional Integral and Differential (PID) control for speed and PI controller for flux is used to control the current harmonics at the point of common coupling. The simulation for speed control in squirrel-cage induction motor is carried out using the MATLAB/Simulink and the parameters like torque, speed, current and Total Harmonic Distortion are analyzed to show optimal response of drive system.
A review of diesel spray research
Authors: Mohd Nawi Mohd Al Hafiz , Mustafa Wan Azani , Shahrol Aman Muhammad Nazrin Shah , Saidi Syahrul Affandi , Mahyudin Ilham Shafini , Jamlos Mohd Aminudin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe following literature review provides an overview of research and a summary of the most condition that relevant to the present study. The overview focuses on such parameter such as the effect of ambient condition (density and temperature), the effect of fuel injection, the effect of injection pressure, the effect of mass fuel and effect of nozzle diameter that probably effects into the droplets distribution, sprays evaporation and mixture formation of diesel spray. The preferred format has been choosing to allow an easier scanning and classification which intend to summarize the relevant topic and study regarding the diesel spray fields.
Mechanical properties and environmental assessment of recycled carbon fibre reinforced polypropylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene products
Authors: Allawi A N , Shuaib N A , Omar N W Y , Azmi A I 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, the main objective is to determine effect of recycled carbon fibre (RCF) on the mechanical properties of thermoplastics composites and associated environmental impacts. Such study is important to improve the strength of the composites as previous studies are limited on RCF composites, particularly in environmental aspects. In the compounding stage, extrusion process was carried out by using two different thermoplastics i.e. polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile butadience styrene (ABS) mixing with RCF. Particle size and weight loading of RCF were chosen as parameters to be studied. Bonding strength between the RCF and thermoplastics matrix was investigated through tensile and flexural properties. Lastly, the assessment of the products was carried out to determine the environmental impacts. Generally, the incorporation of RCF into PP and ABS plastic increases the tensile and flexural properties of the samples. It can be seen that the addition of rCF significantly improves tensile modulus and flexural strength up to 10 wt% filler loading. From the environmental impact assessment, the ABS products have greater impact in all categories. The usage of rCF reduce the amount of plastic hence leads to lower environmental impacts. The product has a potential to be used in mechanical demanding application particularly those require high flexural strength and tensile modulus properties.
Design and development of driving external support for lower limb disable patients
Authors: Mansor N N , Maslinda A B , Roslina Tg. , Daud Ruslizam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The driver who lower limb disabled patients were used the hand control to drive. The hand control was fixed permanently on the pedals. Thus, their family cannot share the car with them. Hence, there are several ways to innovate the hand control become portable product. This study was undertaken to investigate the characteristic driving behaviour of lower limb disabled patient yet to establish the design driving external support that was portable by using hand control. There are many types of mechanism that was used to upgrade the product function compare to existing product. The materials mainly used steel as the materials of hand control stick. The fabrication process was used two weeks to done the prototype. Using a novel upgrading of portable hand control may help the disable patient easily use the fingers and hand, without using any tools. This product also can be refit in others car. The innovation of mechanism assists patients can share their car with their family members.
Mechanical and morphology of interwoven Kenaf/PALF hybrid composites at different fibre ratio
Authors: Maslinda A B , Mansor N N , Tengku Roslina T Y , Majid M S A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs the extension to the research involving woven and natural fibre hybrid composites, this study characterise the mechanical properties of natural fibre hybrid composites with different fibre ratio. Plain weaved kenaf/PALF composites with fibre weight ratio of 10/10, 15/15 and 20/20 are fabricated via the hand lay up technique using epoxy as the matrix. Tensile and flexural test are performed according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D790 standards, respectively. Morphological structure of the fracture specimens were examine using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). As a result, the 15/15 fibre ratio composite had the highest tensile and flexural strength. Addition of kenaf fibre improve the mechanical properties of the composites and increase the potential of PALF fibre as filler for future natural fibre applications.
Therapeutic nano-device: Study of biopolymer coating on titania nanotubes array loaded with chemodrug targeted for localized cancer therapy application
Authors: Wan Eddis Effendy Wan Nuramiera Faznie , Mydin Rabiatul Basria S.M.N , Gazzali Amirah Mohd , Sreekantan Srimala 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Polymer coating for drug delivery system act as command for drug release rate either for instant, sustained or extended prolonged release dosage. This coating layer also is crucial to protect the functional stability of drug that loaded into delivery platform especially the smart delivery systems. Presently, titania nanotube arrays (TNA) platform have been discussed as nanotherapeutic device for drug delivery system especially in localized cancer therapy application. The purpose of this study is to investigate the outcome of chitosan coating on cisplatin-loaded TNA. Chitosan coating on cisplatin-loaded TNA have shown extended cisplatin release activities until day 28 period compared to the uncoated cisplatin-loaded TNA. Burst release was observed within the first 6-h period for both the chitosan uncoated and coated samples. Spike stable cisplatin release from coated TNA sample was observed after day 20, which suggested polymer coating on TNA platform may provide probable an extended-release cisplatin delivery activity. Findings from this work suggest the potential of TNA as nanotherapeutic device for extended cisplatin release platform in localized cancer therapy application.
Characterization of aluminium / (SiC+B4C) ceramic particles reinforced hybrid Surface Composites (SC) fabricated by friction stir processing
Authors: Varun B , Kumar V Muthu , Jery Rajkumar L , Medhunhashini D.R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Friction stir processing (FSP) has advanced as a novel method used for the fabrication of surface composite (SC), refinement of microstructure and enhancing the mechanical properties. In this paper, aluminium surface matrix composite (SMC+ B4C) was fabricated on the surface of aluminium alloy (6082) with ceramic (SiC+B4C) reinforcement using friction stir processing technique. In order to analyse the effect of SiC+B4C particles, its percentage fraction on the microstructure, mechanical and the sliding wear behaviour. A single pass FSP was carried out using a tool with 1000 - 1200 rpm rotational speed, whose travel speed of 45 to 60 mm/min and a vertical force to produce the composite. Aluminium Matrix Composites with different percentile combinations were synthesized. The microstructure of the AA6082/SiC+B4C AMCs was studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The micro hardness was measured and the sliding wear behaviour was evaluated using a pin-on-disc apparatus. Thus, the results revealed that the effect of SiC+B4C particles significantly influenced the area of the composite, dispersion, grain size of matrix, micro hardness, and sliding wear behaviour of the AA6082/SiC+B4C AMCs. With this the effect of SiC+B4C particles on fracture surface and worn surface is also reported in this paper.
Experimental investigation of machining parameter on hole quality in drilling Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Rashid R A , Murad M N , Hamidon R , Shariffuddin S , Ali M A M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) are greatly recommended for high performance applications because of their outstanding properties such as low weight, high corrosion resistance and high strength. However, drilling Ti-6Al-4V generates high cutting temperature, especially during high speed drilling (HSD), increased the chemical reactivity of Ti-6Al-4V, thus leading to poor hole quality. High cutting speed increases the temperature during the drilling process, therefore, it is important to consider this factor to achieve better hole quality. This study focuses on the correlation of machining parameter and the quality of the hole produced in terms of hole diameter, roundness and surface roughness. The experiment was conducted using a 6 mm diameter of coated (TiAlN) carbide tool under MQL and MQCL conditions with varying cutting speeds of 65, 75, 85 and 95 m/min and constant 0.02 mm/rev feed rate.
Calculation methods for determining of fuel consumption per hour by transport vehicles
Authors: Krivoshapov S I , Nazarov A I , Mysiura M I , Marmut I A , Zuyev V A , Bezridnyi V V , Pavlenko V N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper proposes a mathematical model by which it is possible to calculate the hourly fuel consumption for an internal combustion engine operating at idle mode or with a constant load. Simplification of the technique consisted in the calculation of the coefficients of filling the engine cylinders and the excess air through the approximation by polynomials of the first and second degree. It is established that when the engine is running without load, the hourly fuel consumption increases in proportion to the rotational speed of the crankshaft and the engine displacement. Examples of calculating the standard fuel consumption at idle mode with the engine off without a load are given for a Skoda Octavia 1.6 MPI with a gasoline engine and a Skoda Octavia 2.0 TDI with a diesel engine. Graphic dependencies of the hourly fuel consumption change on the crankshaft rotation speed for the petrol and diesel Skoda Octavia were obtained. The calculation was carried out and graphical dependencies of fuel consumption were obtained when special equipment was operated using the example of the KrAZ-6322 car. It is proposed to use deterministic methods for determining fuel consumption in road transport.
Simulation with using of functional resonance analysis method the traffic safety control of vehicles, which carrying out the transportation process
Authors: Sakno Olha , Sharai Svitlana , Kolesnikova Tatiana , Poliakov Viktor , Hirman Danylo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the article, using the method of functional resonance analysis, the process of traffic safety control of vehicles that carry out cargo delivery and transportation of passengers, when their technical condition changes during operation, is simulated. Constant growth in transportation of cargo and passenger by rolling stock of automobile transport requires the involvement in their implementation of a large number of vehicles and increase the efficiency of their operation. In the last time, the geography of the movement of material flows has been expanding, which is manifested, in particular, in an increase of cargo and passenger traffic in international and intercity transportation by road. These trends entail the need to ensure the serviceable technical condition of modern vehicles designs. On the basis of statistical data, the reasons of the change of the technical condition of the chassis of the vehicles and their influence on its operational properties were analyzed. Resilience Decision Support (Resilience DS) software is used to solve this problem. Such a tool made it possible to simulate the sociotechnical system “Person-Car-Organization of maintenance and repair system” and to form the formal models for constant evaluation of the effective functioning of the system of maintenance of vehicles and conditions of increasing their operation. To develop a maintenance model using a functional resonance analysis method, data was collected at a proprietary vehicle maintenance station. The model consists of a set of functions that determine the actions executed during maintenance of vehicles.