bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salinisation effects on leaf litter decomposition in fresh waters: Does the ionic composition of salt matter?
Authors: Martínez Aingeru , Barros Juliana , Gonçalves Ana Lúcia , Canhoto Cristina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Salinisation (i.e. increased ion concentrations) in fresh waters is a growing threat worldwide that impacts freshwater communities. However, less is known about how increased salt concentrations affect key ecosystem processes such as leaf decomposition.

We designed a laboratory experiment to assess the effects of a concentration gradient (1, 3, and 6 g/L) of three different salts (NaCl, CaCl2 and CH3CO2K), on leaf litter decomposition mediated by microbial decomposers and the larvae of a cased caddis fly (Schizopelex festiva, Trichoptera). Leaf discs of Quercus robur inoculated with microbial decomposers (a mixture of 5 fungal species) were incubated in microcosms under every possible salt × concentration combination and without salt addition (control), with a single individual of the cased caddis fly. Half of the leaf disks were not available for consumption by the trichopteran and represent a microbial only treatment when leaf mass loss was measured.

Leaf decomposition driven by microbial decomposers was not affected by salinity despite the fact that all salt treatments depressed fungal biomass and microbial respiration compared to the control. However, the caddis flies were strongly affected by the high salt concentrations and consumed less leaf material at 6 g/L salt concentrations compared to control microcosms. The feeding activity of the trichopteran further depended on the salt type: CaCl2 had the most deleterious effects.

Salinisation of fresh waters depresses leaf litter decomposition, mainly through deleterious effects on detritivores, the magnitude of the response being dependent on the ionic composition. Our results reiterate the need to reduce terrestrial run‐off of salts into fresh waters because salinisation (especially increased levels of CaCl2) affects invertebrates and the key ecosystem processes they drive.
Reintegrating After Return: Conceptualisation and Empirical Evidence from the Life Course of Senegalese and Congolese Migrants
Authors: Flahaux Marie‐Laurence 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe study of reintegration after return is often disconnected from research into the intention and realization of return. This article develops a new conceptual framework, linking the intention and realization of return with the reintegration process. This framework is used to study the cases of Senegalese and Congolese migrants through a mixed‐methods approach. Quantitative data from the Migration between Africa and Europe (MAFE) project, which collected the life stories of migrants and return migrants in origin and destination countries, are combined with qualitative interviews with returnees. In line with the conceptual framework, the analyses highlight the role of migrants’ projections about their potential reintegration on return as well as the importance for reintegration in the preparation for return. Along with importance of migrants’ aspirations, the authors emphasise the role of external factors, such as family and context in origin and destination countries.
The sovereign yield curve and credit ratings in GIIPS
Authors: Riaz Yasir , Shehzad Choudhry T. , Umar Zaghum 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of sovereign credit rating and outlook changes on the shape of the sovereign yield curve using data for five European countries, namely, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, known as the GIIPS for the period of 2001–2016. We use the dynamic Nelson–Siegel model to estimate the level, slope, and curvature of the yield curve. Subsequently, we employ the vector autoregressive model to estimate the effect of sovereign rating and outlook changes on the sovereign yield curve. We find a significant effect of rating downgrades and an insignificant effect of rating upgrades in all five countries; however, the results for the effect of changes in outlook status are mixed. Our results remain robust to various sensitivity tests.
The relationship between cognitive variables and offending behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Hammond Sarah , Beail Nigel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterventions for offenders with intellectual disabilities (ID) have used cognitive variables as measures of treatment outcome. However, the relevance of cognitive variables to offending in people with intellectual disabilities is unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the evidence for a relationship between cognitive variables and offending in people with intellectual disabilities.MethodA systematic search identified studies comparing offenders and non‐offenders with intellectual disabilities on an aspect of cognition. Seven cognitive variables were found and compared across 15 studies. These were appraised for their quality using an adapted quality appraisal checklist. The reliability and validity of cognitive measures were also considered.Results and conclusionsOther than for cognitive distortions, the evidence for a relationship between cognitive variables and offending in people with intellectual disabilities is currently limited due to methodological weaknesses and the small number of studies assessing each variable. Clinicians are advised to focus on cognitive distortions until better evidence is available.
Multimorbidity in older people with intellectual disability
Authors: Hussain Rafat , Wark Stuart , Janicki Matthew P. , Parmenter Trevor , Knox Marie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is paucity of research from Australia about comorbidity in older people with intellectual disability (PwID). This paper examines the burden of chronic diseases and associated sociodemographic correlates in a cohort of PwID aged 60+.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was used with community‐dwelling older PwID in urban/rural regions of two Australian states. Recruitment was undertaken via a multi‐prong approach and each subject (N = 391; 236 urban/155 rural) personally interviewed.ResultsFindings show older PwID experience considerable multimorbidity (X = 3.8; 53.5% had 2–6 conditions). Conditions included arthritis (40%), diabetes (26%), cardiovascular diseases (23.6%), asthma (16.1%), carcinomas (10.0%) and mental health disorders (34.5%).ConclusionsThere was significant multimorbidity in older PwID, with evolution of life trajectories of select conditions associated with socioeconomic disadvantage and heath facility access barriers. Greater scrutiny of progressive health debilitation leading into older age and increased engagement by healthcare systems is required earlier in the lives of PwID.
Single‐pill combination of cilnidipine, an L‐/N‐type calcium channel blocker, and valsartan effectively reduces home pulse pressure in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and sympathetic hyperactivity: The HOPE‐Combi survey
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Matsuda Saori , Nagahama Shinobu , Kurose Yoshiki , Sugii Hitoshi , Teshima Tsukasa , Suzuki Noriyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe home blood pressure (BP) control by a single‐pill combination of cilnidipine (an L‐/N‐type calcium channel blocker; CCB) and valsartan (HOPE‐Combi) survey is a multicenter, post‐marketing, prospective observational study of a single‐pill combination of cilnidipine 10 mg and valsartan 80 mg (SPC of Cil/Val) in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. We examined the effects of the SPC of Cil/Val on morning home systolic BP (MHSBP) and morning home pulse pressure (MHPP) of 1036 patients with hypertension over 12 months. MHSBP decreased by 14.0 mm Hg (P < .01), and MHPP decreased by 6.6 mm Hg (P < .01). Moreover, morning home pulse rate (MHPR) decreased by 2.1 bpm (P < .01). A more progressive and greater decrease in MHSBP (−17.2 vs −10.3 mm Hg, P < .01) and MHPP (−7.6 vs −4.9 mm Hg, P < .01) was observed in patients with higher MHPR (≥70 bpm) than in those with lower MHPR (<70 bpm) over the treatment period. In particular, in patients with a wide MHPP (≥70 mm Hg), the difference in the MHPP reduction was greater in patients with higher MHPR than in those with lower MHPR (−17.9 vs −13.6 mm Hg, P < .01). These results suggested that the SPC of Cil/Val, which possesses the unique sympatholytic characteristics of an L‐/N‐type CCB, was particularly effective in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and sympathetic hyperactivity.
RelB promotes liver fibrosis via inducing the release of injury‐associated inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Zhou Danhua , Huang Wei , Wei Jinhuan , Zhang Jingxin , Liu Zhaoxiu , Ji Ran , Ge Sijia , Xiao Mingbing , Fan Yihui , Lu Cuihua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a serious chronic disease that developed by a coordinated interplay of many cell types, but the underlying signal transduction in individual cell type remains to be characterized. Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is a widely accepted central player in the development of hepatic fibrosis. However, the precise role of each member of NF‐κB in different cell type is unclear. Here, we generated a mouse model (RelbΔhep) with hepatocyte‐specific deletion of RelB, a member of NF‐κB family. RelbΔhep mice born normally and appear normal without obvious abnormality. However, in the CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis, RelbΔhep mice developed less severe disease compared with wide‐type (WT) mice. The denaturation and necrosis of hepatocytes as well as the formation of false lobules in RelbΔhep mice were significantly reduced compared with WT mice. The production of α‐SMA and the level of collagen I and Collagen III were greatly reduced in RelbΔhep mice comparing with WT mice. Furthermore, in patients with liver fibrosis, RelB is up‐regulated along with the stage of diseases. Consistently, CCl4 treatment could up‐regulate the expression of RelB as well as inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6 and TGF‐β1 in hepatoma cell as well as in WT mice. Knockdown the expression of RelB in hepatoma cells greatly reduced the expression of CCl4‐induced inflammatory cytokines. In summary, we provide the genetic evidence to demonstrate the critical and hepatocellular role of RelB in liver fibrosis. RelB is an important transcription factor to drive the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the initiation phase of injury.
Analysis of deep sequencing exosome‐microRNA expression profile derived from CP‐II reveals potential role of gga‐miRNA‐451 in inflammation
Authors: Zhao Yabo , Fu Yali , Zou Mengyun , Sun Yingfei , Yin Xun , Niu Lumeng , Gong Yanzhang , Peng Xiuli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) can cause chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens. While several studies have reported the inflammatory functions of microRNAs during MG infection, the mechanism by which exosomal miRNAs regulate MG‐induced inflammation remains to be elucidated. The expression of exosome‐microRNA derived from MG‐infected chicken type II pneumocytes (CP‐II) was screened, and the target genes and function of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEGs) were predicted. To verify the role of exosomal gga‐miR‐451, Western blot, ELISA and RT‐qPCR were used in this study. The results showed that a total of 722 miRNAs were identified from the two exosomal small RNA (sRNA) libraries, and 30 miRNAs (9 up‐regulated and 21 down‐regulated) were significantly differentially expressed. The target miRNAs were significantly enriched in the treatment group, such as cell cycle, Toll‐like receptor signalling pathway and MAPK signalling pathway. The results have also confirmed that gga‐miR‐451‐absent exosomes derived from MG‐infected CP‐II cells increased inflammatory cytokine production in chicken fibroblast cells (DF‐1), and wild‐type CP‐II cell–derived exosomes displayed protective effects. Collectively, our work suggests that exosomes from MG‐infected CP‐II cells alter the dynamics of the DF‐1 cells, and may contribute to pathology of the MG infection via exosomal gga‐miR‐451 targeting YWHAZ involving in inflammation.
Cardioprotective effect of isorhamnetin against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat heart through attenuation of apoptosis
Authors: Xu Yan , Tang Chun , Tan Shengyu , Duan Juan , Tian Hongmei , Yang Yu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of isorhamnetin on myocardial ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in Langendorff‐perfused rat hearts. Isorhamnetin treatment (5, 10 and 20 μg/mL) significantly alleviated cardiac morphological injury, reduced myocardial infarct size, decreased the levels of marker enzymes (LDH and CK) and improved the haemodynamic parameters, reflected by the elevated levels of the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), coronary flow (CF) and the maximum up/down velocity of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax). Moreover, isorhamnetin reperfusion inhibited apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the rats subjected to cardiac I/R in a dose‐dependent manner concomitant with decreased protein expression of Bax and cleaved‐caspase‐3, as well as increased protein expression of Bcl‐2. In addition, I/R‐induced oxidative stress was manifestly mitigated by isorhamnetin treatment, as showed by the decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increased antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px). These results indicated that isorhamnetin exerts a protective effect against I/R‐induced myocardial injury through the attenuation of apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Vertebral deformities in interspecific diploid and triploid salmonid hybrids
Authors: Fraser Thomas W. K. , Hansen Tom J. , Sambraus Florian , Fjelldal Per Gunnar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVertebral deformities in salmonid interspecific hybrids, some of which were triploidised, were assessed across three separate year classes during the freshwater life stage. Initially, eggs from a farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were crossed with the sperm from a S. salar, arctic char Salvelinus alpinus or brown trout Salmo trutta. For S. salar × S. trutta, half the eggs were triploidised. In a second‐ and third‐year class, the eggs from a farmed S. salar were crossed with the sperm from either a S. salar or a S. trutta, and half of each group was triploidised. In the two initial‐year classes, all hybrids were larger than the S. salar controls, and triploid S. salar × S. trutta were larger than diploid counterparts. In the third‐year class, the S. salar × S. trutta were smaller than the S. salar, in contrast to the initial 2 year classes, although the triploid hybrids were still larger than the diploids. In the third‐year class, a high degree of spontaneous triploidy was also observed in the putative diploid groups (between 16 and 39%). Vertebral deformities were consistently higher in pressure‐shocked triploids than diploids, irrespective of hybridisation, but there was no consistent effect of hybridisation among experiments. Although this study was not able to explain the contrasting results for vertebral deformities between year classes, triploid S. salar × S. trutta can demonstrate impressive freshwater growth that could be of interest for future farming programmes.
Eocene migmatite formation and diachronous burial revealed by petrochronology in NW Himalaya, Zanskar
Authors: Štípská Pavla , Závada Prokop , Collett Stephen , Kylander‐Clark Andrew R. C. , Hacker Bradley R. , Tabaud Anne‐Sophie , Racek Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, we highlight the importance of in‐situ monazite geochronology linked to P−T modelling for identification of timescales of metamorphic processes. Barrovian‐type micaschists, migmatites and augengneiss from the Gumburanjun dome in the southeastern extremity of the Gianbul dome, NW Himalaya, have been studied in order to correlate the early stages of Himalayan metamorphism at different crustal levels and infer the timing of anatexis. P−T−t paths are constrained through combined pseudosection modelling and in‐situ and in‐mount monazite and xenotime laser ablation–split‐stream inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Petrography and garnet zoning combined with pseudosection modelling show that garnet‐staurolite schists record burial from ~530 to 560°C and 5.5 kbar to ~630 to 660°C and 7 kbar; staurolite‐kyanite schists from ~530 to 560°C and 5 kbar to ~670 to 680°C and 7−9 kbar; and garnet‐kyanite migmatites from 540−570°C and 5 kbar to ~680 to 750°C and 7−10 kbar, probably also to >750°C and >9 kbar above the muscovite stability field. The decompression paths of garnet‐staurolite schists indicate cooling on decompression, while garnet rim chemistry and local sillimanite growth point to a stage of re‐equilibration at ~600 to 670°C and 4−6 kbar in some of the staurolite‐kyanite schists, and at ~670 to 700°C and 6 kbar in garnet‐kyanite migmatites. Some of the staurolite‐kyanite schists and garnet‐kyanite migmatites also contain andalusite or andalusite‐cordierite. Monazite and xenotime were analysed in thin sections in garnet, staurolite and kyanite, and in the matrix; and in mounts. BSE images and compositional maps of monazite (xenotime was too small) show variable internal structures from homogeneous through patchy zoning with embayed to sharp boundaries. Two groups of samples can be identified on the basis of the presence or absence of c. 44 − 37 Ma ages. The first group of samples—two garnet‐staurolite schists—recorded only c. 31 − 27 Ma ages in porphyroblasts and no c. 40 Ma ages. The second group (samples of staurolite‐kyanite schist, garnet‐kyanite migmatites, augengneiss) have both the older, c. 44 − 37 Ma monazite ages in porphyroblasts and younger ages down to c. 22 Ma. These significantly different ranges of ages from porphyroblasts of 44−37 Ma, and 31−27 Ma, are interpreted as the duration of prograde P−T paths in Eocene and Oligocene, and indicate diachronous two‐stage burial of rocks. Early migmatization occurred at 38 Ma. The c. 29 Ma is interpreted as the time when rocks from the lower and middle crustal levels were partially exhumed and came in to contact with rocks that were downgoing at this time. Localized monazite recrystallization is as young as 26−24 Ma. The youngest ages of 23−22 Ma are related to leucogranite emplacement.
Surgical correction for patients with port‐wine stains and facial asymmetry
Authors: Zhou Jing , Qi Zuoliang , Jin Xiaolei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe refractory port‐wine stains are often associated with soft and hard tissue hypertrophy leading to facial asymmetry and psychological problems.AimsThe authors describe and illustrate a surgical strategy for the treatment of both hard and soft tissue malformations in patients with port‐wine stains to restore facial symmetry.MethodsThe medical records, photographs of two patients with soft and hard tissue hypertrophy were reviewed. After physical examinations, 3‐dimensional computed tomography was conducted to evaluate bony asymmetry. The surgical strategy was designed according to individual malformation and requests.ResultsBoth patients had congenital port‐wine stains that were resistant to laser therapy. As they grew up, they developed both soft and hard tissue hypertrophy. Zygoma, maxilla, nose, and lips are involved, causing facial asymmetry, deviated nose, increased dental show and malocclusion. To correct bony malformation, orthognathic surgery, and facial bone contouring including zygomatic reduction, mandibular angles osteotomy and genioplasty were performed. After the correction of the bony factor, soft tissue symmetry was improved via resection, autologous fat grafting, liposuction, and rhinoplasty. Both patients were satisfied with the surgical result.ConclusionsTo acquire facial symmetry, surgical correction is inevitable for patients with port‐wine stains associated with soft and hard tissue hypertrophy. The authors describe the successive correction of bony and soft tissue asymmetry to achieve harmonious surgical outcomes.
Smad7 in psoriasis vulgaris patients: A clinical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Hemida Aiat Shaban , Hammam Mostafa Ahmed , Salman Arwa Tawfik Ahmed , Shehata Wafaa Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is an inflammatory disease that is mostly immune‐derived. It causes proliferation of skin cells, forming plaques. Psoriasis etiology is unknown. It might be multifactorial.AimsThis work aimed to study Smad7 expression in psoriasis vulgaris patients in comparison with normal skin.Patients/MethodsThirty patients with psoriasis vulgaris in comparison with 20 age‐ and sex‐matched seemingly healthy individuals were selected. We used psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) to evaluate psoriasis severity. Skin biopsies were prepared from skin lesions (30), perilesions (30) and control (20) groups for histopathological and immunostaining evaluation of Smad7.ResultsSmad7 was progressively upregulated in proliferating keratinocytes from controls (58.18 ± 30.93) to perilesional (106 ± 38.93) and lesional (156.33 ± 62.01) skin (P < .001). Also, dermal inflammatory cells showed upregulation of Smad7 expression from control skin (40 ± 28.28) to skin lesions (137.33 ± 73.86) (P < .010). Smad7 expression showed a positive significant correlation with psoriasis severity (r = .452; P < .012).ConclusionSmad7 may be involved in increased keratinocyte proliferation as well as skin inflammation in psoriasis vulgaris patients.
The Problematizing Review: A Counterpoint to Elsbach and Van Knippenberg’s Argument for Integrative Reviews
Authors: Alvesson Mats , Sandberg Jörgen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper we provide a counterpoint to conventional views on integrative reviews in knowledge development, as exemplified by Elsbach and Van Knippenberg (2020). First, we critique their proposed integrative review by identifying and problematizing several key assumptions underlying it, particularly their idea that the integrative review can simply build on existing studies and lead the way to knowledge. Second, based on this critique, we propose as an alternative the problematizing review, which is based on the following four core principles: the ideal of reflexivity, reading more broadly but selectively, not accumulating but problematizing, and the concept that ‘less is more’. In contrast to the integrative review, which regards reviews as a ‘building exercise’, the problematizing review regards reviews as an ‘opening up exercise’ that enables researchers to imagine how to rethink existing literature in ways that generate new and ‘better’ ways of thinking about specific phenomena.