bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quelques doutes sur la possibilité d’un libéralisme non sécularisé
Authors: Spitz Jean Fabien 
Published: February 2020

Prenant acte du fait que, dans la définition de la laïcité, les problèmes de frontière entre l’État et la religion sont insolubles, Cécile Laborde propose de contourner ce problème en définissant seulement ce dont l’État libéral doit s’abstenir lorsqu’il justifie les contraintes qu’il impose : des idées inaccessibles, des représentations exclusives, discriminatoires, ou faisant allusion à une conception de la vie bonne. Si des idées ou représentations sont indemnes de ces caractéristiques, elles peuvent – religieuses ou non – figurer dans un discours public. Si elles ne le sont pas, elles sont interdites, qu’elles soient religieuses ou non. L’article émet quelques doutes sur la viabilité de cette analyse : peut-il exister des idées accessibles qui ne soient ni excluantes ni porteuses d’une conception compréhensive du bien tout en n’étant pas partagées au sens clivant du terme ? Peut-on réellement faire l’économie d’une définition du religieux pour tracer les limites de l’État libéral ?
Evaluation of Nutritional and Anti Nutrition Factors of Orange-fleshed Sweet Potato, Yellow Root Cassava and Plantain Flour Blends Fortified with Moringa oleifera Leaves
Authors: Uzoaga L. N. , Mazi E. A. , Kanu A. N. 
Published: February 2020

Aim: The aim of this study is to produce flour from different blend ratio of orange fleshed sweet potato, yellow root cassava (YRC) and Plantain fortified with Moringa oleifera leaves powder and to determine the nutritional composition (vitamin and mineral) and phytochemical content of the composite flour.
Introduction: Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is a promising root crop due to its high β-carotene content which could help to reduce vitamin A deficiency (VAD). However, it is a less utilized perishable crop. Therefore, in other to improve it utilization in processing and bakery products the incorporation with other flours should be considered. In order to use OFSP tubers, incorporation with other flours in processing and baked products can be considered.
Study Design: The physicochemical analysis was carried out at the biochemistry laboratory of National Root Crop Research Institute (NRCR1) while part of the analysis was done at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan (IITA). Study lasted for 6 months.
Methodology: Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP), yellow roots cassava (YRC) were all sourced from National Root Crops Research Institute Umudike, while the plantain and Moringa oleifera leaves were gotten from Umuahia market and Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike (NRCRI) respectively. The samples were processed into flour and used to form a blend. The flour blend constitute of yellow root cassava, orange fleshed sweet potato and plantain which were fortified with Moringa oleifera leaves at constant portion of 5% while the YRC, OFSP and plantain were varied at different concentration of 65%, 70, 75, 80, 85, 95 and 5, 10, 95 and 5, 10, 15, 25 and 95% I.e. Sample A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H respectively.
Results: The result obtained indicated among the mineral content determined that sample G which serves as the control with 95% Plantain and 5% Moringa oleifera leaves powder exhibited highest in calcium having 13.26 mg/100 g, magnesium 88.06 mg/100 g, potassium 287.70 mg/100 g and iron 2.69 mg/100 g as compared to other composite flour. The phytochemical content of sample F (95% YRC with 5% Moringa oleifera leaves powder) has the highest in alkaloid, tannin and hemagglutinin content as 4.22 mg/100 g 2.26 mg/100 g and 12.43 mg/100 g respectively. The result also indicated that increase in the YRC and decrease in the OFSP caused an appreciable increase in the Vitamin B1, B3 C and D content.
Conclusion: The vitamins, mineral and phytochemical content of the products were enhanced and can be of nutritional benefit to the public.
Tachycardiomyopathy: Clinical Profile, Treatment and Outcome of a Series of Clinical Cases
Authors: Silva Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa da , Borigato Sara Magro , Jesus Ítala Ferreira de , Carvalho Giovanni Oliveira , Gomes Mariana Alves , Moura Raissa Alves Pinto , Rodrigues Isabella Capobiango 
Published: February 2020

Background: Tachycardiomyopathy is a non-familial cause of heart failure that can be reversible. A high index of suspicion is necessary for its diagnosis and for a rational approach in the management of patients.
Aims: To describe the clinical profile and verify the treatment and outcome of a series of cases of patients with tachycardiomyopathy.
Methodology: Among patients without previous ventricular dysfunction, those with tachycardiomyopathy were identified. They underwent clinical evaluation, complementary diagnostic tests, treatment and clinical follow-up.
Results: 10 patients had tachycardiomyopathy, mean age 64.5 ± 11.5 years, 6 women. The arrhythmias were atrial fibrillation with a high heart rate (80%); atrial tachycardia with high heart rate and frequent ventricular premature beats. Mean baseline heart rate was 110.2 bpm and the ejection fraction was 36.8%. For heart rate control, all were treated with beta-blockers, in association with digoxin in 6 patients. It was necessary to implant a pacemaker in VVI mode (V: ventricle is stimulated, V: ventricle sensed; I: inhibiting response) and ablation of the atrioventricular node in 2 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. After a mean 27.6 months, the mean heart rate was 76.5 bpm (p <0.0001, paired t-test) and there was clinical improvement of all patients. There was an average increase of 9.6% in the left ventricular ejection fraction. Despite this, 4 patients still had ventricular dysfunction (3 of them developed comorbidities).
Conclusion: In this series, the main cause of tachycardiomyopathy was atrial fibrillation with high heart rate. Similar to the description of literature, there was remission of symptoms with restore normal heart rhythm or control heart rate.
The Anti-nutritional Effect of Phytate on Zinc, Iron and Calcium Bioavailabilities of Some Cereals Staple Foods in Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Amos A. , Alvan A. , Florence A. 
Published: February 2020

Aim of Study: To evaluate the effect of phytate on the bioavailabilities of zinc, iron and calcium of some cereals staple foods in Zaria, Nigeria.
Study Design: Experimental.
Place of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
Methodology: Tuwon surfafen masara (TSM) was prepared by first milling the processed maize. Tuwon masara (TM) and Pap were prepared using standard local preparation methods. Phytic acid content was determined according to the method described by Reddy; The minerals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry; AOAC 1990. Data was analysed with one way ANOVA and differences were considered significant at P = .05.
Results: The ratios of Phytate:Ca, Phytate:Fe, Phytate:Zn for Tuwon surfafen masara were found to be 0.0026, 0.197 and 0.429 respectively. While that of Tuwon masara was 0.0044, 0.127 and 0.376 respectively. Accordingly pap showed a phytate to mineral ratios of 0.0025, 0.043 and 0.162 for Phytate:Ca, Phytate:Fe and Phytate:Zn respectively. The ratios of Phytate:Ca, Phytate:Fe and Phytate:Zn for local rice (LR) was found to be 0.0075, 0.110 and 0.625 respectively. While that of foreign rice (FR) was 0.0031, 0.046 and 0.266 respectively. The phytate to mineral ratios of all the staple foods in the present study falls below the critical values of >0.24, >1 and >18 for Phytate:ca, Phytate:Fe and Phytate:Zn respectively which indicate good bioavailability.
Conclusion: The result obtained showed that the bioavailability of Ca, Fe and Zn in TSM, TM, Pap, LR and FR in Zaria, Nigeria is not affected by their phytic acid contents.
Distribution and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Faecal Bacteria from Underground Faecal Storage Cisterns in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Onifade Anthony Kayode , Abi Sunday Stephen 
Published: February 2020

Two hundred and fifty-six (256) human faecal samples were collected from thirty-three (33) underground faecal storage cisterns across 5 major towns (Akure, Akungba, Ondo, Ore and Owo) in Ondo State, Nigeria. Salmonella-Shigella agar, Eosine Methylene Blue agar and MacConkey agar, which are selective for faecal bacteria, were used to isolate a total of 103 strains of Gram-negative bacteria. Biochemical characterization of the isolates revealed Escherichia coli (32.04%), Enterobacter aerogenes (14.56), Klepsiella pneumoniae (12.62%), Salmonella typhi (11.65%), Psudomonas aeruginosa (7.77%), Shigella dysenteriae (6.80%), Proteus mirabilis (5.83%), Citrobacter koseri (3.88%), Providentia alcalifaciens (2.91%) and Klepsiella oxytoca (1.94%). All the bacterial isolates were then subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using antibiotic discs impregnated with Augmentin (30 µg), Gentamycin (10 µg), Pefloxacin (10 µg), Ofloxacin (5 µg), Streptomycin (10 μg), Sulfomethoxazole-trimethoprim (30 µg), Chloramphenicol (30 μg); Sparfloxacin (10 μg); Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) and Amoxicillin (20 μg). The resistance of the isolates to the antibiotics used varied from 27.18% to Ciprofloxacin, 33.98% to Ofloxacin, 47.57% to Sulphomethazole-Trimethroprim, 56.31% to Streptomycin, 66.99% to Chloramphenicol, 74.76% to Pefloxacin, 75.73% to Sparfloxacin, 75.73% to Gentamycin, 85.44% to Ampicillin and 95.15 to Augmentin. These results showed that underground human faecal storage cisterns contain potential multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria that may be transmitted to human via formites, animal vectors and water.
Effect of Financial Inclusion on Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Esther Kipoh Mpele 
Published: February 2020

Aims: To analyze financial inclusion as a channel to alleviate inequality in order to provide insight into the edifice of inequality reduction.
Study Design: Dynamic panel study.
Place and Duration of Study: Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2004-2018.
Methodology: Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) on a sample of 27 Sub-Saharan African countries.
Results: The results show that the estimated financial inclusion index has a negative effect on income inequality. Therefore, the depth of commercial bank branches and the effective use of bank accounts reduce income inequality.
Conclusion: Increase financial inclusion as well as the development of financial infrastructure and the provision of specific low-cost services tailored to low-income households.
Graphene–Carbon Composites for Solar and Low‐Voltage Powered Efficient Interfacial Evaporation
Authors: Liu Fenghua , Wang Lijian , Bradley Robert , Zhao Binyuan , Wu Weiping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNanocarbon materials have great potential for sustainable energy harvest and energy utilizations, such as solar thermal stream generation, and interfacial evaporation. However, the evaporation rate is far too low for practical applications. The technologies are not ready yet for industries requiring rapid, energy‐efficient, and low‐cost evaporation processes such as distillation and sterilization. A flexible ultrathin graphene–carbon cloth (CC)‐based carbon–carbon composites is prepared by in situ electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide. The carbon–carbon composite materials demonstrate high performance in photothermal evaporation; more importantly, all carbon‐based devices can also be operated as low‐voltage Joule heating elements in wide temperature range up to 389 °C. Even when a very low voltage of 3 V is applied, the graphene–CC heater can reach a very high heating speed up to 112 °C s–1, and a steady‐state temperature up to 292 °C within 10 s only. The low‐voltage heater promises to be the most effective solution for high‐speed interfacial evaporation since its evaporation rate can reach up to 45.87 kg m−2 h−1, enhanced by one order of magnitude compared to the best solar power photothermal seawater desalination devices ever reported.
Thiol‐Ene Cationic and Radical Reactions: Cyclization, Step‐Growth, and Concurrent Polymerizations for Thioacetal and Thioether Units
Authors: Uchiyama Mineto , Osumi Masahiro , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThiol‐ene cationic and radical reactions were conducted for 1:1 addition between a thiol and vinyl ether, and also for cyclization and step‐growth polymerization between a dithiol and divinyl ether.p‐Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) induced a cationic thiol‐ene reaction to generate a thioacetal in high yield, whereas 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile resulted in a radical thiol‐ene reaction to give a thioether, also in high yield. The cationic and radical addition reactions between a dithiol and divinyl ether with oxyethylene units yielded amorphous poly(thioacetal)s and crystalline poly(thioether)s, respectively. Under high‐dilution conditions, the cationic and radical reactions resulted in 16‐ and 18‐membered cyclic thioacetal and thioether products, respectively. Furthermore, concurrent cationic and radical step‐growth polymerizations were realized using PTSA under UV irradiation to produce polymers having both thioacetal and thioether linkages in the main chain.
Genome Mining of Oxidation Modules in trans‐Acyltransferase Polyketide Synthases Reveals a Culturable Source for Lobatamides
Authors: Ueoka Reiko , Meoded Roy A. , Gran‐Scheuch Alejandro , Bhushan Agneya , Fraaije Marco W. , Piel Jörn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBacterial trans‐acyltransferase polyketide synthases (trans‐AT PKSs) are multimodular megaenzymes that biosynthesize many bioactive natural products. They contain a remarkable range of domains and module types that introduce different substituents into growing polyketide chains. As one such modification, we recently reported Baeyer–Villiger‐type oxygen insertion into nascent polyketide backbones, thereby generating malonyl thioester intermediates. In this work, genome mining focusing on architecturally diverse oxidation modules in trans‐AT PKSs led us to the culturable plant symbiont Gynuella sunshinyii, which harbors two distinct modules in one orphan PKS. The PKS product was revealed to be lobatamide A, a potent cytotoxin previously only known from a marine tunicate. Biochemical studies show that one module generates glycolyl thioester intermediates, while the other is proposed to be involved in oxime formation. The data suggest varied roles of oxygenation modules in the biosynthesis of polyketide scaffolds and support the importance of trans‐AT PKSs in the specialized metabolism of symbiotic bacteria.
Mining Symbionts of a Spider‐Transmitted Fungus Illuminates Uncharted Biosynthetic Pathways to Cytotoxic Benzolactones
Authors: Niehs Sarah P. , Dose Benjamin , Richter Sophie , Pidot Sacha J. , Dahse Hans‐Martin , Stinear Timothy P. , Hertweck Christian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA spider‐transmitted fungus (Rhizopus microsporus) that was isolated from necrotic human tissue was found to harbor endofungal bacteria (Burkholderia sp.). Metabolic profiling of the symbionts revealed a complex of cytotoxic agents (necroximes). Their structures were characterized as oxime‐substituted benzolactone enamides with a peptidic side chain. The potently cytotoxic necroximes are also formed in symbiosis with the fungal host and could have contributed to the necrosis. Genome sequencing and computational analyses revealed a novel modular PKS/NRPS assembly line equipped with several non‐canonical domains. Based on gene‐deletion mutants, we propose a biosynthetic model for bacterial benzolactones. We identified specific traits that serve as genetic handles to find related salicylate macrolide pathways (lobatamide, oximidine, apicularen) in various other bacterial genera. Knowledge of the biosynthetic pathway enables biosynthetic engineering and genome‐mining approaches.
From Decades to Minutes: Steps Toward the Structure of Strychnine 1910–1948 and the Application of Today's Technology
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. , Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBetween 1910 and 1947, Robert Robinson (primarily), among others, published numerous proposed structures for strychnine. Robinson published 17 of his strychnine papers with his doctoral advisor William Henry Perkin, Jr., though all but two appeared after Robinson had taken his first permanent academic position. This Essay analyzes 20 key publications leading up to Robinson's (correct, then incorrect, then correct again though not definitively) proposal and Woodward's assignment of the actual structure of strychnine. We subjected the assignment of the strychnine structure to a modern computational quantum chemistry workflow. By computing, with density functional theory,1H and13C NMR chemical shifts for the literature‐proposed strychnine structures, we were able to rule out most incorrect structures.13C NMR predictions were better at this, but1H NMR chemical shifts were helpful. A comparison is made between the consequences of publishing erroneous ideas in the first half of the 20th centuryanddoing so in the 21st century.
Two‐Dimensional Boronate Ester Covalent Organic Framework Thin Films with Large Single Crystalline Domains for a Neuromorphic Memory Device
Authors: Park SangWook , Liao Zhongquan , Ibarlucea Bergoi , Qi Haoyuan , Lin Hung‐Hsuan , Becker Daniel , Melidonie Jason , Zhang Tao , Sahabudeen Hafeesudeen , Baraban Larysa , Baek Chang‐Ki , Zheng Zhikun , Zschech Ehrenfried , Fery Andreas , Heine Thomas , Kaiser Ute , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the recent progress in the synthesis of crystalline boronate ester covalent organic frameworks (BECOFs) in powder and thin‐film through solvothermal method and on‐solid‐surface synthesis, respectively, their applications in electronics, remain less explored due to the challenges in thin‐film processability and device integration associated with the control of film thickness, layer orientation, stability and crystallinity. Moreover, although the crystalline domain sizes of the powder samples can reach micrometer scale (up to ≈1.5 μm), the reported thin‐film samples have so far rather small crystalline domains up to 100 nm. Here we demonstrate a general and efficient synthesis of crystalline two‐dimensional (2D) BECOF films composed of porphyrin macrocycles and phenyl or naphthyl linkers (named as 2D BECOF‐PP or 2D BECOF‐PN) by employing a surfactant‐monolayer‐assisted interfacial synthesis (SMAIS) on the water surface. The achieved 2D BECOF‐PP is featured as free‐standing thin film with large single‐crystalline domains up to ≈60 μm2 and tunable thickness from 6 to 16 nm. A hybrid memory device composed of 2D BECOF‐PP film on silicon nanowire‐based field‐effect transistor is demonstrated as a bio‐inspired system to mimic neuronal synapses, displaying a learning–erasing–forgetting memory process.
Styrene Hydroformylation with In Situ Hydrogen: Regioselectivity Control by Coupling with the Low‐Temperature Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Li Tianbo , Chen Fang , Lang Rui , Wang Hua , Su Yang , Qiao Botao , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe hydroformylation of olefins is one of the most important homogeneously catalyzed industrial reactions for aldehyde synthesis. Various ligands can be used to obtain the desired linear aldehydes in the hydroformylation of aliphatic olefins. However, in the hydroformylation of aromatic substrates, branched aldehydes are formed preferentially with common ligands. In this study, a novel approach to selectively obtain linear aldehydes in the hydroformylation of styrene and its derivatives was developed by coupling with a water–gas shift reaction on a Rh single‐atom catalyst without the use of ligands. Detailed studies revealed that the hydrogen generated in situ from the water–gas shift is critical for the highly regioselective formation of linear products. The coupling of a traditional homogeneous catalytic process with a heterogeneous catalytic reaction to tune product selectivity may provide a new avenue for the heterogenization of homogenous catalytic processes.
Thermal and Nonthermal Effects in Plasmon‐Mediated Electrochemistry at Nanostructured Ag Electrodes
Authors: Ou Weihui , Zhou Binbin , Shen Junda , Lo Tsz Wing , Lei Dangyuan , Li Shengliang , Zhong Jing , Li Yang Yang , Lu Jian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHot carriers (HCs) and thermal effects, stemming from plasmon decays, are crucial for most plasmonic applications. However, quantifying these two effects remains extremely challenging due to the experimental difficulty in accurately measuring the temperature at reaction sites. Herein, we provide a novel strategy to disentangle HCs from photothermal effects based on the different traits of heat dissipation (long range) and HCs transport (short range), and quantitatively uncover the dominant and potential‐dependent role of photothermal effect by investigating the rapid‐ and slow‐response currents in plasmon‐mediated electrochemistry at nanostructured Ag electrode. Furthermore, the plasmoelectric surface potential is found to contribute to the rapid‐response currents, which is absent in the previous studies.
Redox Stability Controls the Cellular Uptake and Activity of Ruthenium‐Based Inhibitors of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU)
Authors: Woods Joshua J. , Lovett James , Lai Barry , Harris Hugh H. , Wilson Justin J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the ion channel that mediates Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria. Inhibitors of the MCU are valuable as potential therapeutic agents and tools to study mitochondrial Ca2+. The best‐known inhibitor of the MCU is the ruthenium compound Ru360. Although this compound is effective in permeabilized cells, it does not work in intact biological systems. We have recently reported the synthesis and characterization of Ru265, a complex that selectively inhibits the MCU in intact cells. Here, the physical and biological properties of Ru265 and Ru360 are described in detail. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray fluorescence imaging, we show that Ru265 is transported by organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and taken up more effectively than Ru360. As an explanation for the poor cell uptake of Ru360, we show that Ru360 is deactivated by biological reductants. These data highlight how structural modifications in metal complexes can have profound effects on their biological activities.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Tropanes: Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Pseudotransannular Desymmetrization
Authors: Rodriguez Sandra , Uria Uxue , Reyes Efraim , Carrillo Luisa , Tejero Tomás , Merino Pedro , Vicario Jose L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of tropanols has been accomplished through chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed pseudotransannular ring opening of 1‐aminocyclohept‐4‐ene‐derived epoxides. The reaction proceeds together with the desymmetrization of the starting material and leads to the direct formation of the 8‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold with excellent stereoselectivity. The synthetic applicability of the reaction was demonstrated by the enantioselective synthesis of the two natural products (−)‐α‐tropanol and (+)‐ferruginine.