bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anderson acceleration for contractive and noncontractive operators
Authors: Pollock Sara , Rebholz Leo G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A one-step analysis of Anderson acceleration with general algorithmic depths is presented. The resulting residual bounds within both contractive and noncontractive settings reveal the balance between the contributions from the higher and lower order terms, which are both dependent on the success of the optimization problem solved at each step of the algorithm. The new residual bounds show the additional terms introduced by the extrapolation produce terms that are of a higher order than was previously understood. In the contractive setting these bounds sharpen previous convergence and acceleration results. The bounds rely on sufficient linear independence of the differences between consecutive residuals, rather than assumptions on the boundedness of the optimization coefficients, allowing the introduction of a theoretically sound safeguarding strategy. Several numerical tests illustrate the analysis primarily in the noncontractive setting, and demonstrate the use of the method, the safeguarding strategy and theory-based guidance on dynamic selection of the algorithmic depth, on a p-Laplace equation, a nonlinear Helmholtz equation and the steady Navier–Stokes equations with high Reynolds number in three spatial dimensions.
Analysis of Electronic Health Records Reveals Medication-Related Interference on Point-of-Care Urine Drug Screening Assays
Authors: Ayala-Lopez Nadia , Colby Jennifer M , Hughey Jacob J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) urine drug screening (UDS) assays provide immediate information for patient management. However, POC UDS assays can produce false-positive results, which may not be recognized until confirmatory testing is completed several days later. To minimize the potential for patient harm, it is critical to identify sources of interference. Here, we applied an approach based on statistical analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data to identify medications that may cause false positives on POC UDS assays. From our institution’s EHR data, we extracted 120,670 POC UDS and confirmation results, covering 12 classes of target drugs, along with each individual’s prior medication exposures. Our approach is based on the idea that exposure to an interfering medication will increase the odds of a false-positive UDS result. For a given assay–medication pair, we quantified the association between medication exposures and UDS results as an odds ratio from logistic regression. We evaluated interference experimentally by spiking compounds into drug-free urine and testing the spiked samples on the POC device. Our dataset included 446 false-positive UDS results (presumptive positive screen followed by negative confirmation). We quantified the odds ratio of false positives for 528 assay–medication pairs. Of the six assay–medication pairs we evaluated experimentally, two showed interference capable of producing a presumptive positive: labetalol on the 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) assay (at 200 μg/mL) and ranitidine on the methamphetamine assay (at 50 μg/mL). Ranitidine also produced a presumptive positive for opiates at 1,600 μg/mL and for propoxyphene at 800 μg/mL. These findings highlight the generalizability and the limits of our approach to use EHR data to identify medications that interfere with clinical immunoassays.
Biology, Ecology, and Management of Key Sorghum Insect Pests
Authors: Okosun Olabimpe O , Allen Kerry C , Glover James P , Reddy Gadi V P 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poaceae), is a highly valued crop cultivated worldwide, with the grain and stover being of equal importance in some developing countries. Sorghum can produce high yields even under adverse environmental conditions, however, damage from insect pests at various stages of the plant’s development can reduce its productivity, impacting low-income farmers in developing countries. Important sorghum insect pests include leaf-sucking species, leaf-feeding species, stalk or stem borers, pests of the panicle and of the stored grain. Modern control strategies include cultural controls, biological control, pesticides (chemical, botanicals, or microbial), and host plant resistance. An integrated approach is recommended and based on a combination of insect growth regulators and conservation practices to protect natural enemies at the landscape level. Long-term successful management also requires regulatory policies to limit the invasion of new pests.
Carnivoran intraspecific tooth-size variation shows heterogeneity along the tooth row and among species
Authors: Reuter Dana M , Hopkins Samantha S B , Davis Edward B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Developing morphological diagnoses for fossil mammals requires an understanding of intraspecific variation in the anatomical elements under study. Dental traits along with tooth size can be informative of taxonomic identify for extinct species. However, it is unclear what selective or developmental processes are responsible for documented patterns in tooth-size variation making application to the fossil record difficult. We assessed combined species tooth-type variation and intraspecific tooth-size variation for 19 species to evaluate whether developmental controls or occlusion-driven functional demands influence carnivoran tooth-size variation. We also estimated phylogenetic signal for the coefficient of variation (CV). Combined species tooth-size variation separated by tooth type shows that canines are more variable than molars and lower premolars. We found intraspecific tooth-size variation patterns differ between species. However, comparisons of the CVs did not support the hypotheses that developmental controls or functional demands of occlusion constrain size variation in mammal teeth. Our results suggest that a combination of factors influence carnivoran tooth-size variation, such as differences in ontogeny, diet, sexual dimorphism, and evolutionary history. Patterns of carnivoran intraspecific tooth-size variation suggest a better understanding of dental size variation in extant species is essential for accurate morphological studies of fossil taxa.
Lost in a sagebrush sea: comparative genetic assessment of an isolated montane population ofTamias amoenus
Authors: Bell Kayce C , Van Gunst Jane , Teglas Mike B , Hsueh Jennifer , Matocq Marjorie D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe montane sky islands of the Great Basin are characterized by unique, isolated habitats and communities that likely are vulnerable to extirpation with environmental change. A subspecies of yellow pine chipmunk, the Humboldt yellow pine chipmunk (Tamias amoenus celeris), is associated with the whitebark and limber pine forests of the Pine Forest Range (PFR) in Nevada. We sampled T. amoenus and least chipmunks (T. minimus) from the isolated PFR and compared genetic diversity between these populations and more “mainland” populations, including other subspecies of chipmunks. Given the high frequency of hybridization in Tamias, we tested for hybridization between T. amoenus and T. minimus in the PFR. We examined phylogenetic relationships, population divergence and diversity, and screened populations for a common pathogen, Borrelia hermsii, to gain insight into population health. We found T. amoenus of the PFR are closely related to T. amoenus in the Warner Mountains and Sierra Nevada, but maintain substantively lower genetic variation. Microsatellite analyses show PFR T. amoenus are highly genetically differentiated from other populations. In contrast, PFR T. minimus had higher genetic diversity that was comparable to the other T. minimus population we sampled. Pathogen screening revealed that T. amoenus carried higher pathogen loads than T. minimus in the PFR, although the prevalence of infection was similar to other Tamias populations. Our assessment of habitat associations suggests that the Humboldt yellow pine chipmunk almost entirely is restricted to the conifer systems of the PFR, while least chipmunks are prevalent in the other forests. Our work highlights the need for continued conservation and research efforts to identify how response to environmental change can be facilitated in isolated species and habitats.
Congeneric invasive versus native plants utilize similar inorganic nitrogen forms but have disparate use efficiencies
Authors: Yu Hong-Wei , He Wei-Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsSoil inorganic nitrogen (N) has long been recognized to play an important role in plant invasions. Whilst comparing the N use strategies of multiple invasive versus native plant congeners along an entire N gradient is key to understanding plant invasion success, there are few related studies.MethodsWe conducted a potted experiment with six invasive and native congeneric pairs, which were subjected to 11 nitrate/ammonium (NO3−/NH4+) ratios (i.e. 100% NO3− at one end and 100% NH4+ at the other end), each with low- and high-N levels. Each species–N combination was replicated eight times, and thus there were 2112 pots in total. We measured the following traits: the total biomass, growth advantage, biomass allocation, leaf chlorophyll content and low-N tolerance.Important FindingsInvasive and native congeners grew well at any NO3−/NH4+ ratios, and their responses of growth, allocation and tolerance were approximately parallel along the 11 NO3−/NH4+ ratios across two N levels. Plant invaders grew larger and had greater chlorophyll contents, higher root biomass allocation and stronger low-N tolerance than their congeneric natives. These findings suggest that invasive and native plant congeners may utilize similar inorganic N forms (i.e. NO3− and NH4+) across an entire N composition gradient and that higher N use efficiencies could favor alien plants to invade new plant communities where congeneric natives are dominants.
The Influence of Early Childhood Temperament on Later Social–Emotional Functioning in Youth with Cancer
Authors: Willard Victoria W , Tillery Rachel , Harman Jennifer L , Long Alanna , Phipps Sean 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
One of the peak incidences of childhood cancer is during the early childhood years. This is also an important time for psychosocial and personality development, and it is well known that early childhood temperament influences later psychosocial functioning. However, this association has not been examined in young children with cancer.

Methods
Parents of children with cancer (N = 39) and healthy comparisons (N = 35) completed an indicator of temperament (Children’s Behavior Questionnaire) when children were young (Mage=4.99 ± 1.05 years). Five years later, parents and youth completed measures of psychosocial functioning (Mage=10.15 ± 1.10 years; Behavior Assessment Scale for Children, 2nd edition and Social Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale).

Results
Parents of healthy comparisons reported that their children demonstrated greater surgency than youth with cancer; there were no differences in negative affect or effortful control. Children with cancer and healthy comparisons were rated similarly on measures of psychosocial functioning. Health status was not a significant predictor of later functioning, but socioeconomic status and temperament were. The influence of temperament was stronger for strengths-based functioning (e.g., social competence, adaptive functioning) versus distress (internalizing and externalizing problems).

Conclusions
Early childhood temperament is a strong predictor of later psychosocial functioning, regardless of health status. Findings highlight the need to consider temperament in the clinical assessment of psychosocial functioning in children with cancer. Additional research is needed to specifically assess how a diagnosis of cancer in early childhood influences temperament over time.
Variability in the Use of Novel Diagnostic Technology in Children With Suspected Encephalitis and in the Management of Emerging Encephalitides by Pediatric Infectious Disease Providers
Authors: Dehority Walter , Janowski Andrew B , Messacar Kevin , Polgreen Philip M , Beekmann Susan E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We surveyed pediatric infectious disease physicians through the Infectious Disease Society of America’s Emerging Infections Network regarding the diagnosis and management of encephalitis. We identified practice variations, particularly with the use of new diagnostic modalities and management of autoimmune encephalitides. These findings may inform the creation of updated management guidelines.
Empowerment Perspectives and Practices of Refugee-Related NGOs in Turkey: Family, Protection, or Solidarity?
Authors: Özgür Keysan Asuman , Şentürk Burcu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to the ongoing conflict in Syria and all that it signifies, the number of women refugees is seeing a rapid upturn, and this has led to a rise in the number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Turkey providing support to this specific segment of society. Most of the studies carried out in the field recently focus on the status of Syrian women in Turkey and the impacts migration has had on them, while the perspectives of NGOs on the empowerment of women has been, on the whole, understudied. Based on the data collected from representatives of NGOs this study aims to fill this gap by analysing the approaches and practices of NGOs to the empowerment of refugee women. The results clearly indicate that the approach of NGOs to the empowerment of women differ depending on their type, being either family-oriented, protection-based, or women solidarity-focused. It was further found that the women solidarity-focused approach has a potential to pave the way for social empowerment with the ability to challenge gender inequality.
Group belief
Authors: Ågotnes Thomas , Wáng Yì N 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile logical formalizations of group notions of knowledge such as common and distributed knowledge have received considerable attention in the literature, most approaches being based on modal logic, group notions of belief have received much less attention. In this paper we systematically study standard notions of group belief under different assumptions about the properties of belief. In particular, we map out (lack of) preservation of belief properties against different standard definitions of group belief. It turns out that what is called group belief most often is not actually belief, i.e. does not have the properties of belief. In fact, even what is called group knowledge is sometimes not actually knowledge either. For example, under the common assumption that belief has the KD45 properties, neither common belief (does not satisfy the negative introspection axiom 5) nor distributed belief (does not satisfy the consistency axiom D) are not actually belief. There has been some confusion in the literature regarding soundness of proposed axiomatizations of logics with distributed knowledge, related to the mentioned lack of preservation. In this paper we also present detailed completeness proofs of sound and complete axiomatizations of KD45 with distributed belief, both with and without common belief.
Dust delivery and entrainment in photoevaporative winds
Authors: Hutchison Mark A , Clarke Cathie J 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We model the gas and dust dynamics in a turbulent protoplanetary disc undergoing extreme-UV photoevaporation in order to better characterize the dust properties in thermal winds (e.g. size distribution, flux rate, trajectories). Our semi-analytic approach allows us to rapidly calculate these dust properties without resorting to expensive hydrodynamic simulations. We find that photoevaporation creates a vertical gas flow within the disc that assists turbulence in supplying dust to the ionization front. We examine both the delivery of dust to the ionization front and its subsequent entrainment in the overlying wind. We derive a simple analytic criterion for the maximum grain size that can be entrained and show that this is in good agreement with the results of previous simulations where photoevaporation is driven by a range of radiation types. We show that, in contrast to the case for magnetically driven winds, we do not expect large-scale dust transport within the disc to be effected by photoevaporation. We also show that the maximum size of grains that can be entrained in the wind (smax) is around an order of magnitude larger than the maximum size of grains that can be delivered to the front by advection alone ($s_{\mathrm{crit}}\lesssim 1 \,\, \mu {\mathrm{m}}$ for Herbig Ae/Be stars and $\lesssim 0.01 \,\, \mu {\mathrm{m}}$ for T Tauri stars). We further investigate how larger grains, up to a limiting size slimit, can be delivered to the front by turbulent diffusion alone. In all cases, we find smax ≳ slimit so that we expect that any dust that is delivered to the front can be entrained in the wind and that most entrained dust follows trajectories close to that of the gas.
Galactic 26Al traces metal loss through hot chimneys
Authors: Krause Martin G H , Rodgers-Lee Donna , Dale James E , Diehl Roland , Kobayashi Chiaki 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Radioactive 26Al is an excellent tracer for metal ejection in the Milky Way, and can provide a direct constraint on the modelling of supernova feedback in galaxy evolution. Gamma-ray observations of the 26Al decay line have found high velocities and hence require a significant fraction of the Galactic 26Al in the hot component. At the same time, meteoritic data combined with simulation results suggest that a significant amount of 26Al makes its way into stars before decay. We investigated the distribution into hot and cold channels with a simulation of a Milky-Way-like galaxy with massive-star feedback in superbubbles and with ejecta traced by 26Al. About 30–40 per cent of the ejecta remain hot, with typical cooling times of the order Gyr. 26Al traces the footpoints of a chimney-fed outflow that mixes metals turbulently into the halo of the model galaxy on a scale of at least 50 kpc. The rest diffuses into cold gas ≲ 104 K, and may therefore be quickly available for star formation. We discuss the robustness of the result by comparison to a simulation with a different global flow pattern. The branching ratio into hot and cold components is comparable to that of longer term average results from chemical evolution modelling of galaxies, clusters, and the intracluster medium.
The age of the carina young association and potential membership of HD 95086
Authors: Booth Mark , del Burgo Carlos , Hambaryan Valeri V 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Carina is a nearby young stellar association. So far, only a small number of stars have been clearly identified as members of this association. In this paper, we reanalyse the membership of the association in light of Gaia DR2 data, in particular finding that HD 95086 is a potential member (probability of 71 per cent). This star is noteworthy as one of the few stars that hosts both a detected debris disc and a directly imaged planet. It has previously only been considered as a potential member of the Lower Centaurus Crux (LCC) – part of the Scorpius–Centaurus association. We also reanalyse the age of the Carina association. Using a Bayesian inference code applied to infer a solution from stellar evolution models for the most probable (&gt;99 per cent) members of Carina, we infer an age for the association of 13.3$^{+1.1}_{-0.6}$ Myr, much younger than previous studies. Whilst we have revised HD 95086’s association membership from LCC to Carina, the fact that we also find Carina to have a younger age, similar to that of LCC, means that the estimates of HD 95086b’s mass remain unchanged. However, the younger age of Carina does mean that the companion to another Carina member, HD 44627 (AB Pic), has a mass that is more clearly in the planet rather than brown dwarf range.
New constraints on the mass of fermionic dark matter from dwarf spheroidal galaxies
Authors: Alvey James , Sabti Nashwan , Tiki Victoria , Blas Diego , Bondarenko Kyrylo , Boyarsky Alexey , Escudero Miguel , Fairbairn Malcolm , Orkney Matthew , Read Justin I 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are excellent systems to probe the nature of fermionic dark matter due to their high observed dark matter phase-space density. In this work, we review, revise, and improve upon previous phase-space considerations to obtain lower bounds on the mass of fermionic dark matter particles. The refinement in the results compared to previous works is realized particularly due to a significantly improved Jeans analysis of the galaxies. We discuss two methods to obtain phase-space bounds on the dark matter mass, one model-independent bound based on Pauli’s principle, and the other derived from an application of Liouville’s theorem. As benchmark examples for the latter case, we derive constraints for thermally decoupled particles and (non-)resonantly produced sterile neutrinos. Using the Pauli principle, we report a model-independent lower bound of $m \ge 0.18\, \mathrm{keV}$ at 68 per cent CL and $m \ge 0.13\, \mathrm{keV}$ at 95 per cent CL. For relativistically decoupled thermal relics, this bound is strengthened to $m \ge 0.59\, \mathrm{keV}$ at 68 per cent CL and $m \ge 0.41\, \mathrm{keV}$ at 95 per cent CL, while for non-resonantly produced sterile neutrinos the constraint is $m \ge 2.80\, \mathrm{keV}$ at 68 per cent CL and $m \ge 1.74\, \mathrm{keV}$ at 95 per cent CL. Finally, the phase-space bounds on resonantly produced sterile neutrinos are compared with complementary limits from X-ray, Lyman α, and big bang nucleosynthesis observations.
Elicitive Dramaturgy
Authors: Ritter Julia M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChapter 3 suggests that with the emergence of immersive productions, wherein spectators now constitute a component of performances, a novel form of dramaturgical thinking has developed to account for the spectator as a mobile entity with agency. Elicitive dramaturgy is proposed as a dance-driven theory and practice of composing immersive performance affords spectators agency while simultaneously managing their contributions through carefully designed choreographic parameters. Three specific considerations of elicitive dramaturgical thinking are identified and analyzed, including how practitioners attempt to manage the degree to which spectators participate, the possibility that spectators can participate outside of the structures designed for them, and lastly, the ethical concerns of choreographing participation.
Insider Dynamics and Extended Audiencing
Authors: Ritter Julia M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrawing on theories of kinesthetic empathy and research on embodied cognition, insider dynamics is proposed as a theory of embodied affective engagement that occurs for spectators during immersive performance in four distinct phases: complicity, porosity, contagion, and inclusion. Insider dynamics occurs as spectators access their kinesthesia, and these dynamics function to guide the decision-making of audiences as participants during performances. Insider dynamics also makes it possible for immersion to extend beyond the boundaries of performances through communities known as fandoms. Reflecting upon their experiences of participatory engagement in highly sensory, choreographic performances, fans transform those experiences into creative responses such as fan fiction and art through a recursive process identified by the author as extended audiencing.