bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-waveform optimization for producing water window single-order harmonic
Authors: Feng Li-Qiang , Liu Hui , Liu Hang 
Published: November 2020

Through the sub-waveform optimization of the laser field, a potential method to produce the water window single-order harmonic (SOH) has been proposed. First, by properly introducing the chirps of two-color field, the SOHs from 303th order to 616th order can be obtained. Theoretical analyses show that the folding region on the harmonic emission process, caused by the multiple accelerations, is responsible for the enhanced SOH. Moreover, the folding region is dependent on the neighbor two half-cycle profiles. Thus, through further controlling the sub-waveform of the folding region by using the unipolar pulse, the folding region on the harmonic emission process will be extended to the higher photon energy region, including the water window region. Finally, by properly choosing the combinations of chirps and unipolar pulses, the water window SOH from 446th order to 833th order (from 345 eV to 645 eV) can be obtained.
Numerical Analysis of the Dynamic and Thermal Behavior of an Indirect Solar Dryer: Effect of the Outlet
Authors: Salhi Mourad , Chaatouf Dounia , Raillani Benyounes , Dihmani Nadia , Amraqui Samir , Moussaoui M. A. , Mezrhab Ahmed , Fontaine Jean Pierre 
Published: November 2020

This work is a contribution to the improvement of the thermal and the dynamic fields of a natural convection indirect solar dryer, composed of a solar flat air heater and a drying chamber, intended for drying agricultural products and medicinal plants. We have studied the effects of size and position of the outlet on the distribution of air and temperature within the drying chamber, containing the figs as a product to be dried. To be more realistic, we have used a user defined function (UDF) subroutine written in [Formula: see text] to integrate the unsteady evolution of a day’s climate data in the Oujda region. This study was achieved by numerical simulations using the ANSYS FLUENT software, in order to optimize the distribution of air and temperature inside the drying chamber, and to choose the best outlet’s position and size for the best efficiency of the dryer. The results show that the optimal outlet position found is in the right corner with a size range of 0.07 to 0.15[Formula: see text]m. The effects of the position and size of the outlet on the air deflection along the trays were also presented and discussed.
Leg Stiffness and Vertical Stiffness of Habitual Forefoot and Rearfoot Strikers during Running
Authors: Yin Lulu , Hu Xiaoyue , Lai Zhangqi , Liu Kun , Wang Lin 
Published: November 2020

Foot strike patterns influence the running efficiency and may be an injury risk. However, differences in the leg stiffness between runners with habitual forefoot (hFFS) and habitual rearfoot (hRFS) strike patterns remain unclear. This study aimed at determining the differences in the stiffness, associated loading rate, and kinematic performance between runners with hFFS and hRFS during running. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected amongst 39 runners with hFFS and 39 runners with hRFS running at speed of 3.3 m/s, leg stiffness (Kleg), and vertical stiffness (Kvert), and impact loads were calculated. Results found that runners with hFFS had greater Kleg (

P
=
0.010

,

Cohe

n

’

s

d
=
0.60

), greater peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (

P
=
0.040

,

Cohe

n

’

s

d
=
0.47

), shorter contact time(

t

c

) (

P
<
0.001

,

Cohe

n

’

s

d
=
0.85

), and smaller maximum leg compression (

Δ
L

) (

P
=
0.002

,

Cohe

n

’

s

d
=
0.72

) compared with their hRFS counterparts. Runners with hFFS had lower impact peak (IP) (

P
<
0.001

,

Cohe

n

’

s

d
=
1.65

), vertical average loading rate (VALR) (

P
<
0.001

,

Cohe

n

’

s

d
=
1.20

), and vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR) (

P
<
0.001

,

Cohe

n

’

s

d
=
1.14

) compared with runners with hRFS. Runners with hFFS landed with a plantar flexed ankle, whereas runners with hRFS landed with a dorsiflexed ankle (

P
<
0.001

,

Cohe

n

’

s

d
=
3.35

). Runners with hFFS also exhibited more flexed hip (

P
=
0.020

,

Cohe

n

’

s

d
=
0.61

) and knee (

P
<
0.001

,

Cohe

n

’

s

d
=
1.15

) than runners with hRFS at initial contact. These results might indicate that runners with hFFS were associated with better running economy through the transmission of elastic energy.
Therapeutic Targeting of Metadherin Suppresses Colorectal and Lung Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Shen Minhong , Xie Shanshan , Rowicki Michelle , Michel Sven , Wei Yong , Hang Xiang , Wan Liling , Lu Xin , Yuan Min , Jin John F. , Jaschinski Frank , Zhou Tianhua , Klar Richard , Kang Yibin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Colorectal and lung cancers account for one-third of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. Previous studies suggested that metadherin (MTDH) is involved in the development of colorectal and lung cancers. However, how MTDH regulates the pathogenesis of these cancers remains largely unknown. Using genetically modified mouse models of spontaneous colorectal and lung cancers, we found that MTDH promotes cancer progression by facilitating Wnt activation and by inducing cytotoxic T-cell exhaustion, respectively. Moreover, we developed locked nucleic acid-modified (LNA) MTDH antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) that effectively and specifically suppress MTDH expression in vitro and in vivo. Treatments with MTDH ASOs in mouse models significantly attenuated progression and metastasis of colorectal, lung, and breast cancers. Our study opens a new avenue for developing therapies against colorectal and lung cancers by targeting MTDH using LNA-modified ASO.

Significance:
This study provides new insights into the mechanism of MTDH in promoting colorectal and lung cancers, as well as genetic and pharmacologic evidence supporting the development of MTDH-targeting therapeutics.
The Cancer-Associated ATM R3008H Mutation Reveals the Link between ATM Activation and Its Exchange
Authors: Milanovic Maja , Sprinzen Lisa , Menolfi Demis , Lee Ji-Hoon , Yamamoto Kenta , Li Yang , Lee Brian J. , Xu Jun , Estes Verna M. , Wang Dong , Mckinnon Peter J. , Paull Tanya T. , Zha Shan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

ATM kinase is a tumor suppressor and a master regulator of the DNA damage response. Most cancer-associated alterations to ATM are missense mutations at the PI3-kinase regulatory domain (PRD) or the kinase domain. Expression of kinase-dead (KD) ATM protein solely accelerates lymphomagenesis beyond ATM loss. To understand how PRD suppresses lymphomagenesis, we introduced the cancer-associated PRD mutation R3008H (R3016 in mouse) into mice. R3008H abrogated DNA damage- and oxidative stress-induced activation of ATM without consistently affecting ATM protein stability and recruitment. In contrast to the early embryonic lethality of AtmKD/KD mice, AtmR3016H (AtmR/R) mice were viable, immunodeficient, and displayed spontaneous craniofacial abnormalities and delayed lymphomagenesis compared with Atm−/− controls. Mechanistically, R3008H rescued the tardy exchange of ATM-KD at DNA damage foci, indicating that PRD coordinates ATM activation with its exchange at DNA-breaks. Taken together, our results reveal a unique tumorigenesis profile for PRD mutations that is distinct from null or KD mutations.

Significant:
This study functionally characterizes the most common ATM missense mutation R3008H in cancer and identifies a unique role of PI3-kinase regulatory domain in ATM activation.
COVID-19 in Taiwan: Economic Impacts and Lessons Learned*
Authors: Kuo Chun-Chien 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper illustrates Taiwan's experience in controlling the virus and curbing the impact of COVID-19 on its economy. All the following factors contributed to Taiwan's early success in fighting COVID-19: the early establishment of a command center, the “precision-prevention” model of strategies that includes tight border controls and strict quarantine policy, the procuring of sufficient anti-pandemic medical supplies, and educating residents about public health awareness (e.g., promoting face mask wearing in public, maintaining proper social distance, and handwashing procedures). In addition, the country's medical facilities and a national health insurance program that are already in place along with the utilization of technology and big data also played a crucial role during the pandemic. Taiwan's success story may open up opportunities for the country to assume a leading role as a facilitator in the reallocation of the global supply chain and the creation of a new worldwide health coalition that includes Taiwan, unlike its lonely efforts 17 years ago when SARS hit the Southeast Asian and Pacific regions.
In-State Tuition Policies and the College Decisions of Undocumented Students: Evidence from Colorado
Authors: Grosz Michel , Hines Annie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the effects of a decrease in college tuition on college application and enrollment behavior. Specifically, we use student-level data to analyze a Colorado law that granted in-state tuition to undocumented students residing in Colorado. We find an increase in the credit hours and persistence of newly enrolled and likely undocumented students. We do not find evidence of changes in the persistence or credit hours of continuing students. Leveraging application-level data, we show suggestive evidence that the policy induced more students to enroll in college through an increase in applications, rather than an increase in the acceptance rate or the enrollment rate.
Scholarly Circles: A Practice for Thinking Christianly in the University
Authors: Day Benjamin S. , Glanville Luke , Halliday Terence C. , Jacob Cecilia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article documents how the formation of a Scholarly Circle led to the development of the articles published in this issue. We outline how our Scholarly Circle developed across three stages over a period of seven years. By doing so, we hope to encourage others to consider the Scholarly Circle as a potential model to guide small communities of scholars seeking to integrate their faith and scholarship in a deeper and more deliberate way.
Nuclear Weapons and the Christian: Disarmament or Learning to Live with Nuclear Armed Adversaries?
Authors: Cohen Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A long Christian tradition has argued that the possession and coercive/physical use of nuclear weapons is morally indefensible and advocated nuclear disarmament. This article takes stock of what we now know about nuclear weapons and advocates a Christian responsibility to redirect initiatives from eliminating nuclear weapons to eliminating the hatred, fear and insecurity that creates a demand for them. It notes the small number of nuclear powers despite many states that could develop a nuclear capability and argues that the United States holds the most responsibility for their limited spread. It also notes that the tendency for nuclear weapons to provide otherwise elusive solutions to deeply pressing security challenges facing the nine nuclear powers means that these states will likely never eliminate them. The article advocates for the removal of the insecurity that generates the demand for nuclear weapons, and briefly illustrates how this might look like in contemporary North Korea.
Arctic Petroleum and the 2°C Goal: a Case for Accountability for Fossil-Fuel Supply
Authors: Shapovalova Daria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Arctic is both a place disproportionately affected by climate change and a place that has been, and continues to be, subject to large-scale oil-and-gas development. Production and subsequent combustion of these resources would compromise the treaty-established target of keeping global warming ‘well below’ 2°C. The global regulatory efforts on climate change are centred on greenhouse gas emissions from fossil-fuel consumption, almost ignoring the supply side. In the absence of universal and strict emission-reduction targets, petroleum exports and carbon leakage jeopardize the effectiveness of the climate change regime. Through the examination of treaties and national practice, this paper argues for the establishment of accountability for the production of Arctic petroleum in light of climate change.
mrv of Emissions and Mitigation Action: the Paris Agreement and Financial Support for Transparency-Related Capacity Building in Developing Countries
Authors: Alexandraki Chrysa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article examines the role of the Paris Agreement in enabling developed-country financial contributions aimed at building transparency-related capacity in developing countries. It first analyses the legal means and institutional arrangements utilized by the Agreement to support developing countries in building transparency-related capacity. It then argues that even though the Agreement adopts certain legal and institutional means to foster transparency-related capacity building in developing countries through financial support, it does so in a way that risks undermining the meaningful and accountable use of climate finance, while softening the bindingness of the Agreement’s provisions. The lack of accountability obligations on climate finance for developing countries, the principle of flexibility, and the challenges intrinsic to climate finance, combine to weaken the climate-finance obligation, while calling into question the effectiveness of the Agreement.
The Archetype as Form of Ontological Difference
Authors: Akca Uljana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It has often been argued that Jung failed to explain and ground his theory of the archetypes sufficiently, as he remained caught between a psychological, a biological, and a transcendent model of explanation. Inspired by Martin Heidegger’s methodology in Being and Time, this paper will combine an ontological inquiry with a phenomenological analysis of the archetype, to re-interpret it beyond the Jungian psychology and its inherent paradoxes. I will outline a distinction between a psychological appropriation of the archetype, and one that approaches its numinosity as such. According to my argument, this twofold phenomenology of the archetype reveals it to be a form through which we become aware of an ontological difference within our being. The argument will mainly be unfolded through an interpretation of the nymph-maiden in Lucas Cranach’s 16th century painting series Nymph of the Spring, followed by an assessment of our contemporary relation to the same archetype.
“It’s the End of the World as We Know It”
Authors: Hofferberth Matthias , Lambach Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article contends that practices of, and reflections on, global governance are diversifying without any particular teleology. Therefore, it proposes a “postgovernance” perspective to capture and make sense of the multiplicity of concurrent developments. Just like post-punk followed punk rock and provided new energy, postgovernance provides opportunities to revitalize debates on world politics. Postgovernance allows both scholars and practitioners to consider the persistence of “traditional” forms of global governance as well as the simultaneous emergence of new approaches. This article thus proposes postgovernance as a mode of world politics in a postparadigmatic world that is dynamic yet inconsistent. We advance this argument by outlining what postgovernance entails, by taking stock of current debates from a postgovernance perspective, and by discussing how these can be advanced from a postgovernance point of view.
Pragmatics of Understanding: Centrality of the Local
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshiko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cross-cultural contrastive approaches motivate research that questions the universality premise of pragmatic theories by illustrating facts of local linguistic practices from diverse geographical areas. In the spirit of my earlier studies of Japanese (e.g. Matsumoto 1988, 1989), I suggest that contrastive pragmatics can lead the field of pragmatics to addressing variations in linguistic practice that go beyond the geographical diversity of cultures and encompass other types of “atypical” discourse, such as discourse of speakers with varied cognitive conditions including persons with Alzheimer’s. This paper argues for the pragmatics of understanding, i.e. the language users’ and the analysts’ efforts (i) to understand what speakers are trying to convey in verbal interaction and (ii) to understand local pragmatic principles of verbal exchange, and thereby to encourage more inclusive studies of pragmatics.
An Unpublished Manuscript Geologica Japonica by Von Siebold: Geology, Mineralogy, and Copper in the Context of Dutch Colonial Science and the Introduction of Western Geo-sciences to Japan
Authors: Tsukahara Togo 
Published: November 2020

In this article, I will discuss one important aspect of historical encounters between Western colonial scientists and Japanese nature. In order to do so, I will shed new light on how geo-sciences became an object of scientific research of Japan, in the framework of Dutch colonial sciences. I will also show that Western interests in Japanese geo-sciences were primarily stimulated by economic motivations, and that, at the same time, it accompanied the process of the introduction of modern Western sciences into Japan.
It is well-known that Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1866) studied Japanese natural history widely, and wrote two standard works, Flora Japonica and Fauna Japonica. This paper examines a newly found unpublished manuscript Geologica Japonica by von Siebold, which discusses Japanese geology and mineralogy, and reports on copper mining and smelting. Mineralogical and geological collections have also been discovered in museums at Leiden, the Netherlands. These collections are now identified as the research materials used in the preparation of this manuscript, and found to be the first systematic European geo-scientific collections from Japan.
The collection of rocks and minerals from Japan has been proved as mostly collected and identified by Heinrich Burger (1806-1858), a pharmacist and assistant to von Siebold. Burger classified the collection using two nomenclature systems, those of A. G. Werner and R. Hauy.
We further point out that the Dutch were interested in the useful natural resources of their trading partner, carrying out a survey of coal mines in Japan, and the trial of tea transplantation from Japan to Java. In my research on the newly found manuscripts and collections of geology and mineralogy, I clarify that von Siebold and Burger intensively investigated Japanese copper mining and smelting. They reported their visit to the Sumitomo copper refinery at Osaka, and Burger wrote an article on Japanese copper in the journal of the Batavian Society for Arts and Sciences.
In conclusion, based on close study of newly examined manuscripts and detailed identification of geological collections, a network of interest in Japan’s geology and mineralogy by Dutch colonial scientist is illustrated, and its hybrid character is demonstrated against the background of Dutch- Japan cultural exchange.
The Initiation of Dry Patches in Cloud-Resolving Convective Self-Aggregation Simulations: Boundary Layer Dry-Subsidence Feedback
Authors: Yang Bolei , Tan Zhe-Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelf-aggregation of convection can be considered as the simultaneous occurrence of dry patch initiation/amplification and wet patch contraction/intensification from initially uniform moisture and temperature fields. As the twin of wet patches, dry patches play an important role in moisture and energy balance during convective self-aggregation. In this study, the WRF Model is used to study the initiation of dry patches in convective self-aggregation, especially the continuous drying in their boundary layer (BL). In the dry patch BL, increased air density leads to an enhanced high pressure anomaly, which drives an amplifying BL divergent flow and induces an amplifying BL subsidence. The virtual effect of drying by subsidence counteracts warming by subsidence and the BL process, further increasing BL air density. Our analysis indicates the existence of a dry-subsidence feedback, which leads to the initiation of dry patches in convective self-aggregation. This feedback is shown to be important even in very large-scale (3000 km × 9000 km) cloud-resolving convective self-aggregation simulations.
Sea Surface Salinity Change since 1950: Internal Variability versus Anthropogenic Forcing
Authors: Sun Qiwei , Du Yan , Xie Shang-Ping , Zhang Yuhong , Wang Minyang , Kosaka Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing an eastern tropical Pacific pacemaker experiment called the Pacific Ocean–Global Atmosphere (POGA) run, this study investigated the internal variability in sea surface salinity (SSS) and its impacts on the assessment of long-term trends. By constraining the eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperature variability with observations, the POGA experiment successfully simulated the observed variability of SSS. The long-term trend in POGA SSS shows a general pattern of salty regions becoming saltier (e.g., the northern Atlantic) and fresh regions becoming fresher, which agrees with previous studies. The 1950–2012 long-term trend in SSS is modulated by the internal variability associated with the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO). Due to this variability, there are some regional discrepancies in the SSS 1950–2012 long-term change between POGA and the free-running simulation forced with historical radiative forcing, especially for the western tropical Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Our analysis shows that the tropical Pacific cooling and intensified Walker circulation caused the SSS to increase in the western tropical Pacific and decrease in the southeastern Indian Ocean during the 20-yr period of 1993–2012. This decadal variability has led to large uncertainties in the estimation of radiative-forced trends on a regional scale. For the 63-yr period of 1950–2012, the IPO caused an offset of ~40% in the radiative-forced SSS trend in the western tropical Pacific and ~170% enhancement in the trend in the southeastern Indian Ocean. Understanding and quantifying the contribution of internal variability to SSS trends helps improve the skill for estimates and prediction of salinity/water cycle changes.