bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary diagnosis of HIV infection in pediatrician’s practice
Authors: Hakizimana Jean-Claude , Ivanov Dmitry O. , Yastrebova Elena B. , Nasyrov Ruslan A. , Gusev Denis A. , Timchenko Vladimir N. , Bulina Oksana V. 
Published: August 2020

The objective of the study: evaluation of the effectiveness of clinico-epidemiological and laboratory diagnostics of HIV infection in pediatric practice.
Materials and methods. Under the supervision of pediatricians of the Department of motherhood and childhood of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center, there were 388 HIV-infected children aged from one month to 17 years inclusive. Due to the reasons of late detection and HIV dissidence of parents, 18 children (4%) died cumulatively among the children observed in St. Petersburg center for AIDS. The object of the immunohistochemical study was randomly selected HIV-infected children who applied to the center for prevention and control of AIDS for return visits. Material for testing for the presence of HIV-1 P24 antigen was taken from the back wall of the nasopharynx.
Results. When analyzing the ways of HIV infection in children registered at the maternity and childhood Department of the Saint Petersburg AIDS Center, it turned out that 363 children were infected perinatally (93,6%), 23 (5,9%) sexually infected and 2 children through injecting drugs (0.5%). The proposed method of immunocytochemistry for the diagnosis of HIV infection in children can find its application, especially for primary diagnostics, which may simplify and reduce the cost of laboratory diagnostics.
Procedural problems of alienation of shares and shares of business entities
Authors: Maksurov Aleksey A. 
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the practice of observing the pre-emptive rights of shareholders of non-public joint-stock companies and business company participants when alienating shares (stocks) of business companies, including third parties. We are talking about protecting the interests of participants (shareholders) and the company as well as persons alienating the shares. The material is of interest in the formation of a civilized and effective corporate culture. The law provides not only for the right to alienate shares in business companies and non-public joint-stock companies, but also for the forms (methods) of exercising such a right (power). These forms (methods) have an approximate list. Based on the concept of civil law dispositivity, the rightholder can use any method of shares (stocks) alienation that is not prohibited by law. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation1 mentions the ways of transferring shares only in relation to a limited liability company (Article 93). The norms of this Code do not contain any specifics in this regard, thus leaving the issue to special (corporate) legislation. However, corporate legislation does not fully regulate the entire mechanism for transferring a share in the authorized capital or shares to another person.
The most common method of share alienation is a share purchase and sale agreement; other methods that are not prohibited by law are considered auxiliary methods. The paper deals with procedural issues involved in using methods of shares alienation in practice.

1 The Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part one) from 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ (as amended on 16.12.2019, Rev. from 12.05.2020) / / Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 1994. No. 32. St. 3301.
ISTIHDAMU BARNÂMIJI “SPARKOL VIDEOSCRIBE” LILWASÂILI ATTA’LÎMIYYAHI LILLUGHATI AL ARABIYYATI
Authors: Dariyadi Moch Wahib 
Published: August 2020

الملخص : Sparkol VideoScribe هو البرنامج الذي يمكن استخدامه لإنشاء الوسائل التعليمية تعتمد على الوسائل المتعددة(multimedia) والتعلم الإلكتروني(e-learning) . من مزايا هذا البرنامج أنه يمكن إنتاج فيديو العرض والرسوم المتحركة (animation) الجذابة. وكيفية استخدامه سهلة، بحيث يمكن لمدرسي اللغة العربية ممن ليس لديهم من المعرفة بالكمبيوتر، يستطيع إنتاج الوسائل للرسوم المتحركة وتطبيقها في عملية التعليم في الفصل الدراسي. يعد هذا البرنامج أحد العروض البديلة التي يمكن استخدامه لإنشاء الوسائل التعليمية والتفاعلية والمبتكرة لزيادة اهتمام الطلاب في تعليم اللغة العربية. Abstract: Sparkol VideoScribe is a software that can be used to create multimedia- and e-learning based media. The software is able to design presentation videos and interesting animations and is also easy to be used by teachers even with basic skills in computer program. Therefore, the software is practical to be used in teaching Arabics. The software can also be used to create interactive and innovative learning media. Thus, it may appeal attractive to students and develop their involvement in learning Arabic language. Abstrak : Sparkol VideoScribe adalah sebuah software yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia dan e-learning. Kelebihan dari software ini adalah dapat menghasilkan video presentasi dan animasi yang menarik serta cara penggunaannya yang sangat mudah, sehingga guru Bahasa Arab yang minim pengetahuan komputer pun bisa memproduksi media animasi berbasis video dengan mudah dan menerapkannya pada proses pembelajaran dikelas. Software ini adalah salah satu alternatif penawaran yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat media pembelajaran video yang interaktif dan inovatif sehingga mampu meningkatkan perhatian dan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Kata kunci: sparkol, videoscribe, media, video, pembelajaran
Al-QASHRU FÎ KHAMSATI AJZÂI MIN AL-QUR’ÂN AL-KARÎMI
Authors: Zainuri Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

مستخلص البحث:أهداف هذا البحث هي وصف أهداف القصر ووصف طرقه وأنواعه مع تحليله الموجودة في خمسة أجزاء من القرآن الكريم. ومدخل هذا البحث البحث الوصفي الكيفي. وبيانات هذا البحث ومصادرها هي الآيات القرآنية في خمسة أجزاء التي تشتمل على القصر. وطريقة جمع البيانات في هذا البحث هي التوثيق. وأدواته الباحث نفسه. وأما نتائج هذا البحث هي أهداف القصر في خمسة أجزاء من القرآن الكريم هدفان وهما تمكين الكلام وتقريره في الذهن والتعريض. وأما طرق القصر المستخدمة فيها أربع وهي القصر بالنفي والاستثناء والقصر بأداة إنما والقصر بالعطف والقصر بتقديم ما حقه التأخير. وأنواع القصر الموجودة فيها ثلاثة أنواع، وهي القصر من حيث طرفيه وباعتبار الواقع ومن حيث المخاطبين.الكلمات الرئيسة: القصر; خمسة أجزاء; القرآنAbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah medeskripsikan ahdafu al-qashri, mendeskripsian cara bentuk qashr, jenis qashr beserta analisisnya yang ditemukan didalam 5 juz alquran. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan didalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskripstif kualitatif. Adapun data dan sumber data yang digunakan adalah ayat-ayat alquran didalam 5 juz yang mengandung qashr. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah peneliti (human instrument). Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah tujuan-tujuan qashr didalam 5 juz alquran ada dua, yaitu tamkin alkalam wa taqririhi fi adzdzihni dan atta’ridl. Adapun bentuk-bentuk qashr yang digunakan didalam 5 juz alquran ada 4, yaitu qashr dengan annafu wa alistitsna, qashr dengan innama, qashr dengan athaf, dan qashr dengan taqdimu ma haqqahu atta’khir. Sedangkan jenis-jenis qashr didalam 5 juz alquran ada 3, yaitu alqashru min haitsu tharfaihi, alqashru bi’tibari alwaqi’, dan alqashru min haitsu almukhathabin.Kata Kunci: Qashr, 5 Juz, QuranAbstractThe purposes of this research are describing ahdafu al-qashr, describing shapes of qashr, kinds of qashr in the analysis found in 5 sections of quran. The research approaching used in this research is qualitative descriptive research, the data and source of data used is letter of quran in five sections concist qashr. The method of data collecting used instrument documentation used is researcher (human instrument). And the result of this research is in five sections of quran there are: The purpose of qashr is in 5 sections of quran consist with purpose kinds tamkin alkalam wa taqririhi fi adzdzihni and atta’ridl. (2) Shapes of qashr are used in 5 sections of quran consists of 4 shapes, there are: qashr with annafu wa alistitsna, qashr with innama, qashr with athaf, and qashr with taqdimu ma haqqahu atta’khir.. (3) Kinds of qashr are in 5 sections of quran with the analysis consists of 3 kinds, there are: alqashru min haitsu tharfaihi, alqashru bi’tibari alwaqi’, and alqashru min haitsu almukhathabin.Keywords : Qashr, Five Sections, Quran
Chemosensitizing effect of maitake mushroom extract on carmustine cytotoxicity in human bladder cancer cells
Authors: Hillelsohn Joel , Stern Michael , Iskander Mina , Choudhury Muhammad , Konno Sensuke 
Published: August 2020

Background: Despite several therapeutic options available for bladder cancer, the outcomes are less satisfactory. To find a more effective modality, we were interested in the bioactive mushroom extract, PDF, which has been shown to sensitize certain anticancer drugs. Accordingly, we investigated if cytotoxic effects of several anticancer drugs used on bladder cancer patients could be enhanced with PDF in vitro.Methods: Human bladder cancer T24 cells were treated with four anticancer drugs, carmustine (BCNU), 5-fluorouracil (5FU), cisplatin (CPL), and doxorubicin (DOX) alone, their combinations, or in combination with PDF, and cell viability was determined. To explore the anticancer mechanism, the status of glyoxalase I (Gly-I), an enzyme involved in the drug resistance of cancer cells, and oxidative stress that can cause severe cellular injury/damage was also assessed.Results: BCNU and 5FU alone resulted in a >50% reduction in cell viability but CPL and DOX had no such effects. Only a combination of BCNU and PDF led to a drastic (~90%) cell viability reduction, accompanied by inactivation of Gly-I and an increase in oxidative stress. However, any combinations of other drugs and PDF had little effects on cell viability, Gly-I activity, or severity of oxidative stress.Conclusions: This study shows that anticancer activity of BCNU is significantly potentiated with PDF in T24 cells. This is rather attributed to inactivated Gly-I and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, PDF appears to have a chemosensitizing effect capable of enhancing BCNU cytotoxicity, which may offer an alternative, improved therapeutic option for bladder cancer.
CONSTRUÇÃO DE CARTILHA EDUCATIVA SOBRE CUIDADOS COM CRIANÇAS FRENTE A PANDEMIA COVID-19: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Ramires da Silva Rita De Cássia , De Lima Raimundo Adrielly Cristina , Oliveira dos Santos Camila Thayná , Santana Vieira Ana Carolina 
Published: August 2020

<p><strong>Resumo: Objetivo: </strong>Relatar experiência da produção e divulgação de tecnologia em forma de cartilha educativa para informar e orientar sobre cuidados a serem tomados com as crianças frente a pandemia da COVID-19. <strong>Metodologia: </strong>Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência que busca relatar a construção de uma cartilha digital, online e gratuita contendo informações sobre cuidados a serem tomados com crianças e lactentes na prevenção ao coronavírus. A construção foi realizada por estudantes de enfermagem, em Maio de 2020. <strong>Resultados: </strong>A construção da cartilha possibilitou a integração entre pesquisadoras, educadores e comunidade. O produto foi amplamente divulgado e houve retorno positivo das orientações passadas de forma lúdica, fidedignas e acessíveis. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> A experiência oportunizou a integração das pesquisadoras à comunidade e, por ter surgido de uma necessidade da própria comunidade, amplia-se o vínculo extramuros da Universidade, fator imprescindível para a atuação junto à população.</p>
Policy Views and Negative Beliefs About Vaccines in the United States, 2019
Authors: Stecula Dominik A. , Kuru Ozan , Albarracin Dolores , Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: August 2020

Objectives. To determine whether holding vaccine misconceptions, in the form of negative beliefs about vaccines, correlates with opposing governmental action at all levels designed to increase vaccination (e.g., removing personal belief and religious vaccine exemptions). Methods. Drawing on data from a nationally representative survey of 1938 US adults, we assessed the relation between negative beliefs about vaccines and provaccination policies. Results. Beyond sociodemographic and policy-relevant variables, such as gender and partisan affiliation, questionable negative beliefs about vaccines are the strongest predictor of opposition to policies designed to increase vaccination. Conclusions. Negative beliefs about vaccines in the general population may thwart the passage or implementation of policies designed to increase vaccination. Implementing strategies that reduce these negative beliefs should be a priority of educators and public health officials.
FIRST EVIDENCE OF SEED PREDATION BY ARTHROPODS FROM GONDWANA AND ITS EARLY PALEOZOIC HISTORY (RIO BONITO FORMATION, PARANÁ BASIN, BRAZIL)
Authors: DOS SANTOS THAMIRIS BARBOSA , DE SOUZA PINHEIRO ESTHER REGINA , IANNUZZI ROBERTO 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSeeds are plant organs commonly found worldwide in late Paleozoic deposits. In Gondwana, the seeds are found in deposits from Southern Africa, Antarctica, Oceania, and South America, and are widely reported in the well-known “Glossopteris Flora”. Even with a significant record of these plant organs, little is known about plant-insect interactions with seeds during the Pennsylvanian and Permian periods. In the present paper, we recorded the first formal record of seed consumption by arthropods in Cordaicarpus and Samaropsis-like seeds for Gondwana from lower Permian (Artinskian) deposits in Southern Brazil. The material analyzed was collected from the Itanema II outcrop of Santa Catarina State and consisted of 34 seed specimens. Of these, eight specimens presented evidence for plant-insect interaction, representing 23.5% of all specimens that were attacked by seed predators. The consumption was inflicted by insects with stylate mouthparts, probably belonging to hemipteroid or paleodictyopteroid lineages. The damage is described as perforations and scale-insect marks along the seed body. We recorded one damage type as DT74 and three others as new damage types DT399, DT400, and DT401, some of which are specific to a few seed morphotypes, including one morphotype with subtending cupule still attached to the seed. The elevated frequency of seed predation indicates that seed consumption by insects was well established during the early Permian.
Estrogen inhibits apoptosis of pericytes in the cochlea stria vascularis through downregulating TMEM16A
Authors: Li Xuerui , Zhang Yang , Chen Long , Feng Ziyi , Ma Ketao , Li Li , Si Junqiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Currently, the specific mechanism of estrogen (E2) in protecting presbycusis is not clear. This study aimed to investigate whether E2 could affect the apoptosis of capillary pericytes (PCs) of cochlear stria vascularis (SV) in aged C57BL/6J mice by regulating transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), such that it plays a protective role in presbycusis.Methods: The model of C57BL/6J ovariectomized mice was established, and E2 was administered for 2 months. The hearing threshold was measured by auditory brainstem response (ABR). The changes in the cochlea were measured using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and electron microscopy. qRT-PCR was used to examine the expression of TMEM16A and apoptosis-related protein mRNA. The PCs were cultured in vitro, and the cell senescence model was established by the continuous passage method. TMEM16A expression was assessed using immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry was performed to explore the apoptosis rate.Results: The results of animal experiments showed that E2 intervention could reduce hearing loss and improve the atrophy of cochlear SV, loss of PC chromatin organelles, cytoplasmic swelling and nuclear porosity in aged mice. E2 also decreased the mRNA expression of TMEM16A, Caspase-3 and Bax in cochlear SV of aged mice and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA. Cellular experiments showed that E2 could downregulate the expression of TMEM16A, and E2 or T16Ainh-A01(a specific blocker of TMEM16A) could reduce the apoptosis rate of PCs in aged mice.Conclusions: E2 may inhibit the apoptosis of PCs through downregulating the expression of TMEM16A, which plays a protective role in presbycusis. This study may provide a novel potential treatment and prevention method for presbycusis.
Predictive values of multiple serum biomarkers in women with suspected preeclampsia: a prospective study
Authors: Wang Jing , Hu Honghai , Liu Xiaowei , Zhao Shenglong , Zheng Yuanyuan , Jia Zhaoxia , Chen Lu , Zhang Chunhong , Xie Xin , Zhong Junhui , Dong Ying , Liu Jingrui , Lu Yifan , Zhao Zhen , Zhai Yanhong , Zhao Juan , Cao Zheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia prediction improves maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy. We aimed to evaluate the preeclampsia prediction values of a series of serum biomarkers. Methods: Singleton pregnant women with preeclampsia-related clinical and/or laboratory presentations were recruited and had blood drawn at their first visits. The prospective cohort was further divided into preeclampsia-positive and preeclampsia-negative groups based on the follow-up results. The following markers were tested using the collected serum samples: soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 ( sFlt-1); placental growth factor (PlGF); thrombomodulin (TM); tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (tPAI-C); compliment factors C1q, B, and H; glycosylated fibronectin (GlyFn); pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 ( PAPP-A2); blood urea nitrogen (BUN); creatinine (Cre); uric acid (UA); and cystatin C (Cysc). Results: A total of 196 women with suspected preeclampsia were recruited with follow-up medical records. Twenty-five percent (n=49) of the recruited subjects developed preeclampsia before delivery, and 75% remained preeclampsia-negative (n=147). The serum levels of sFlt-1, BUN, Cre, UA, Cysc and PAPP-A2 were significantly elevated, and the PlGF level was significantly decreased in the preeclampsia-positive patients. In the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses, the area under the curves were listed in the order of decreasing values: 0.73 (UA), 0.67 (sFlt-1/PlGF), 0.66 (Cysc), 0.65 (GlyFn/PlGF), 0.64 (PAPP-A2/PlGF), 0.63 (BUN), 0.63 (Cre), and 0.60 (PAPP-A2). With the cut-off values obtained from the ROC analyses, the positive predictive values of these serum markers were between 33.1% and 58.5%, and the negative predictive values were between 80.9% and 89.5%. Conclusions: Further studies are warranted to confirm the clinical utilities of the serum markers in preeclampsia prediction
A Case of Vasitis Nodosa with Biphenotypic Differentiation
Authors: Raju Beth Susan , Heinlen Jonathan , Luo Wenyi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Vasitis nodosa is a nodular lesion within the vas deferens that is characterized by a benign glandular proliferation of the vas deferens epithelium mixed with sperm and chronic inflammation. It is considered a reactive condition caused by increased intraluminal pressure. Problems in diagnosis can arise when atypical morphologic features are present or when vasitis nodosa is colonized by metastatic tumors. Case presentation: A 25-year old African American male status post vasectomy was diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia and elected to undergo a vasovasostomy. The histology of the resected specimen was consistent with vasitis nodosa, but the proliferative epithelial cells demonstrated the phenotypes of both vas deferens epithelium and mesothelium by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Vasitis nodosa expressing mesothelial markers is the first reported case report of its kind, and it may therefore mimic mesothelial tumors such as mesothelioma and adenomatoid tumor.
Out-of-clinic and self-managed abortion in Bangladesh: a qualitative study of menstrual regulation providers
Authors: Crouthamel Bonnie , Pearson Erin , Tilford Sarah , Hurst Samantha , Paul Dipika , Aqtar Fahima , Silverman Jay , Averbach Sarah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In Bangladesh, abortion is illegal except to save a woman’s life, though menstrual regulation (MR) is permitted. MR involves the use of manual uterine aspiration or Misoprostol (with or without Mifepristone) to induce menstruation up to 10-12 weeks from the last menstrual period. Despite the availability of safe and legal MR services, abortions occur outside of the legal system and are associated with high complication rates. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews (SSIs) were conducted with 25 trained MR providers from urban tertiary care facilities in six different cities in Bangladesh. SSIs explored providers’ attitudes about the practice of unsanctioned MR/abortion providers and self-managed MR/abortion, their experiences treating patients who sought abortion services out-of-clinic, barriers/facilitators to safe MR/abortion, and MR/abortion definitions.Results: There were three predominant yet overlapping themes: (i) logistics of obtaining MR/PAC/abortion, (ii) provider attitudes, and (iii) overcoming barriers to safe MR. Lack of consensus among trained providers revealed challenges for defining MR/abortion and gestational age cutoffs. Increasing post-abortion care (PAC) services may be due to patients purchasing Mifepristone/Misoprostol from pharmacists who do not provide adequate instruction, or patients may be directed to untrained providers by brokers, who intercept patients entering the hospitals/clinics and receive a commission from unsanctioned clinics for bringing patients. Perceived barriers to accessing in-clinic MR include distance, family influence, brokers, lack of knowledge, and provider attitudes toward MR.Conclusions: Providers in urban tertiary care facilities in Bangladesh see primarily the complicated MR/PAC cases, and the safety of out-of-clinic/self-managed abortion is unknown. Lack of standardization among providers of MR definition/gestational age cutoffs may affect patient care and MR access. MR safety may be improved by eliminating brokers. A harm reduction approach to improve MR/abortion care provided by pharmacies may improve safety and access. Policy makers should consider increasing training of frontline health workers, such as Family Welfare Visitors (FWVs) to provide evidence-based information about Mifepristone/Misoprostol.