bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of health-system pharmacy administration and leadership residencies
Authors: Santalo Oscar , Farano Joelle , Igwe Jacqualine , Deyhim Niaz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To perform an inquiry with response measurement from health-system pharmacy administration and leadership (HSPAL) residency program directors and residents to distinguish variances between the programs and identify enhancement opportunities for key stakeholders.

Methods
Members from the Pharmacy Administration Resident Collaboration Research Committee developed separate 20-question survey instruments to assess the strengths and areas of opportunity for HSPAL residency programs from the perspective of residency program directors and residents. The survey instruments were designed to evaluate the level of pharmacy service integration across HSPAL programs nationwide.

Results
Nearly half of the residency program directors within the listserv (40.74%, 33/81) participated in the survey. The recognized areas of opportunity by residency program directors include community pharmacy leadership, professional organization involvement, sterile compounding, and supply chain management. About a third (32.54%, 41/126) of the residents participated in the survey. Residents reported the least exposure to community pharmacy leadership, human resource management, informatics, professional organizations, and ambulatory care/specialty rotations. The overall recommendations for HSPAL residency programs are to incorporate C-suite–level experiences, improve alumni engagement, develop longitudinal human resource/financial experiences, and encourage resident credential obtainment.

Conclusion
In order to foster professional and leadership growth for HSPAL residents, residency programs should consider incorporating C-suite–level experiences, longitudinal human resource/finance experiences, alumni engagement opportunities, rotation variety, professional organization involvement, and support in credential obtainment.
Small spaces, big impacts: contributions of micro-environmental variation to population persistence under climate change
Authors: Denney Derek A , Jameel M Inam , Bemmels Jordan B , Rochford Mia E , Anderson Jill T 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIndividuals within natural populations can experience very different abiotic and biotic conditions across small spatial scales owing to microtopography and other micro-environmental gradients. Ecological and evolutionary studies often ignore the effects of micro-environment on plant population and community dynamics. Here, we explore the extent to which fine-grained variation in abiotic and biotic conditions contributes to within-population variation in trait expression and genetic diversity in natural plant populations. Furthermore, we consider whether benign microhabitats could buffer local populations of some plant species from abiotic stresses imposed by rapid anthropogenic climate change. If microrefugia sustain local populations and communities in the short term, other eco-evolutionary processes, such as gene flow and adaptation, could enhance population stability in the longer term. We caution, however, that local populations may still decline in size as they contract into rare microhabitats and microrefugia. We encourage future research that explicitly examines the role of the micro-environment in maintaining genetic variation within local populations, favouring the evolution of phenotypic plasticity at local scales and enhancing population persistence under global change.
The Disrespectfulness of Weighted Survival Lotteries
Authors: Adams Joseph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
If we can save the lives of only one of multiple groups of people, we might be inclined simply to save whichever group is largest. We may worry, though, that automatically saving the largest group fails to take each saveable individual sufficiently into account, offering some of these individuals no chance at all of being rescued. Still wanting to give larger groups higher chances of survival, we may then say that we ought to employ a proportionally weighted lottery to determine which group to save. In this paper, I argue that this would be a mistake. Given the most plausible way of specifying it, the weighted-lottery view itself fails to treat each saveable individual with equal moral respect.
Predator defense is shaped by risk, brood value and social group benefits in a cooperative breeder
Authors: Teunissen Niki , Kingma Sjouke A , Peters Anne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPredation is a major cause of mortality and nest failure in birds. Cooperative predator defense can enhance nest success and adult survival but, because it is inherently risky, dynamic risk assessment theory predicts that individuals modify defense behavior according to the risk posed by the predator. Parental investment theory, on the other hand, predicts that reproductive payoffs (brood value) determine investment in nest defense. We propose that, in cooperative breeders, fitness benefits deriving from the survival of other group members may additionally influence defense behavior (social group benefits theory). We tested predictions of these theories in the cooperatively breeding purple-crowned fairy-wren, Malurus coronatus, where brood value is higher for breeders, but social group benefits more important for helpers. We recorded experimentally induced individual defense behaviors in response to predator models presented near nests, representing differing levels of threat to nests and adults. As predicted, 1) individuals engaged in less risky defenses when encountering a more dangerous predator (dynamic risk assessment theory); 2) individuals defended older broods more often, and breeders defended more than helpers (parental investment theory); and 3) helpers were more likely to respond to a predator of adults (social group benefits theory). Our findings highlight that predator defense in cooperative breeders is complex, shaped by the combination of immediate risk and multiple benefits.
ZIAQ: a quantile regression method for differential expression analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Zhang Wenfei , Wei Ying , Zhang Donghui , Xu Ethan Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled the simultaneous transcriptomic profiling of individual cells under different biological conditions. scRNA-seq data have two unique challenges that can affect the sensitivity and specificity of single-cell differential expression analysis: a large proportion of expressed genes with zero or low read counts ('dropout' events) and multimodal data distributions.

Results
We have developed a zero-inflation-adjusted quantile (ZIAQ) algorithm, which is the first method to account for both dropout rates and complex scRNA-seq data distributions in the same model. ZIAQ demonstrates superior performance over several existing methods on simulated scRNA-seq datasets by finding more differentially expressed genes. When ZIAQ was applied to the comparison of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells from a human glioblastoma dataset, the ranking of biologically relevant genes and pathways showed clear improvement over existing methods.

Availability and implementation
ZIAQ is implemented in the R language and available at https://github.com/gefeizhang/ZIAQ.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Anterior visual system imaging to investigate energy failure in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kleerekooper Iris , Petzold Axel , Trip S Anand 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mitochondrial failure and hypoxia are key contributors to multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Importantly, improving mitochondrial function holds promise as a new therapeutic strategy in multiple sclerosis. Currently, studying mitochondrial changes in multiple sclerosis is hampered by a paucity of non-invasive techniques to investigate mitochondrial function of the CNS in vivo. It is against this backdrop that the anterior visual system provides new avenues for monitoring of mitochondrial changes. The retina and optic nerve are among the metabolically most active structures in the human body and are almost always affected to some degree in multiple sclerosis. Here, we provide an update on emerging technologies that have the potential to indirectly monitor changes of metabolism and mitochondrial function. We report on the promising work with optical coherence tomography, showing structural changes in outer retinal mitochondrial signal bands, and with optical coherence angiography, quantifying retinal perfusion at the microcapillary level. We show that adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy can visualize live perfusion through microcapillaries and structural changes at the level of single photoreceptors and neurons. Advantages and limitations of these techniques are summarized with regard to future research into the pathology of the disease and as trial outcome measures.
Structural and functional footprint of visual snow syndrome
Authors: Schankin Christoph J , Maniyar Farooq H , Chou Denise E , Eller Michael , Sprenger Till , Goadsby Peter J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Patients with visual snow syndrome suffer from a continuous pan-field visual disturbance, additional visual symptoms, tinnitus, and non-perceptional symptoms. The pathophysiology of visual symptoms might involve dysfunctional visual cortex. So far, the extra-visual system has not been investigated. We aimed at identifying structural and functional correlates for visual and non-visual symptoms in visual snow syndrome. Patients were compared to age- and sex-matched controls using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose PET (n = 20 per group) and voxel-based morphometry (n = 17 per group). Guided by the PET results, region of interest analysis was done in voxel-based morphometry to identify structural-functional correspondence. Grey matter volume was assessed globally. Patients had corresponding hypermetabolism and cortical volume increase in the extrastriate visual cortex at the junction of the right lingual and fusiform gyrus. There was hypometabolism in the right superior temporal gyrus and the left inferior parietal lobule. Patients had grey matter volume increases in the temporal and limbic lobes and decrease in the superior temporal gyrus. The corresponding structural and functional alterations emphasize the relevance of the visual association cortex for visual snow syndrome. The broad structural and functional footprint, however, confirms the clinical impression that the disorder extends beyond the visual system.
A Large-Scale Genetic Correlation Scan Between Intelligence and Brain Imaging Phenotypes
Authors: Cheng Shiqiang , Wu Cuiyan , Qi Xin , Liu Li , Ma Mei , Zhang Lu , Cheng Bolun , Liang Chujun , Li Ping , Kafle Om Prakash , Wen Yan , Zhang Feng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Limited efforts have been paid to evaluate the potential relationships between structural and functional brain imaging and intelligence until now. We performed a two-stage analysis to systematically explore the relationships between 3144 brain image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and intelligence. First, by integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summaries data of brain IDPs and two GWAS summary datasets of intelligence, we systematically scanned the relationship between each of the 3144 brain IDPs and intelligence through linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis. Second, using the individual-level genotype and intelligence data of 160 124 subjects derived from UK Biobank datasets, polygenetic risk scoring (PRS) analysis was performed to replicate the common significant associations of the first stage. In the first stage, LDSC identified 6 and 2 significant brain IDPs significantly associated with intelligence dataset1 and dataset2, respectively. It is interesting that NET100_0624 showed genetic correlations with intelligence in the two datasets of intelligence. After adjusted for age and sex as the covariates, NET100_0624 (P = 5.26 × 10−20, Pearson correlation coefficients = −0.02) appeared to be associated with intelligence by PRS analysis of UK Biobank samples. Our findings may help to understand the genetic mechanisms of the effects of brain structure and function on the development of intelligence.
A Semiquantitative Screening Test and Quantitative Assay for Total Fecal Fat
Authors: Nelson William R , O’Hopp Susan J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The gravimetric analysis of total fecal fat by a proposed chloroform extraction procedure has been shown to compare very closely with an accepted procedure involving a petroleum ether extraction, at all levels of fecal fat. The decrease in the density of the chloroform by the fecal fat is used as a semiquantitative measure of fat concentration. This is accomplished by noting the bouyancy of the chloroform extract in sodium bromide solutions of the appropriate density. If the rapid screening test indicates a possible fecal fat level above the acceptable maximum, an aliquot of the same extract is then assayed gravimetrically.
The impact of patient sex on the response to intramyocardial mesenchymal stem cell administration in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Florea Victoria , Rieger Angela C , Natsumeda Makoto , Tompkins Bryon A , Banerjee Monisha N , Schulman Ivonne H , Premer Courtney , Khan Aisha , Valasaki Krystalenia , Heidecker Bettina , Mantero Alejandro , Balkan Wayne , Mitrani Raul D , Hare Joshua M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsSex differences impact the occurrence, presentation, prognosis, and response to therapy in heart disease. Particularly, the phenotypic presentation of patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) differs between men and women. However, whether the response to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is influenced by sex remains unknown. We hypothesize that males and females with NIDCM respond similarly to MSC therapy.Methods and resultsMale (n = 24) and female (n = 10) patients from the POSEIDON-DCM trial who received MSCs via transendocardial injections were evaluated over 12 months. Endothelial function was measured at baseline and 3 months post-transendocardial stem cell injection (TESI). At baseline, ejection fraction (EF) was lower (P = 0.004) and end-diastolic volume (EDV; P = 0.0002) and end-systolic volume (ESV; P = 0.0002) were higher in males vs. females. In contrast, baseline demographic characteristics, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were similar between groups. EF improved in males by 6.2 units (P = 0.04) and in females by 8.6 units (P = 0.04; males vs. females, P = 0.57). EDV and ESV were unchanged over time. The MLHFQ score, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, endothelial progenitor cell-colony forming units, and serum tumour necrosis factor alpha improved similarly in both groups.ConclusionDespite major differences in phenotypic presentation of NIDCM in males and females, this study is the first of its kind to demonstrate that MSC therapy improves a variety of parameters in NIDCM irrespective of patient sex. These findings have important clinical and pathophysiologic implications regarding the impact of sex on responses to cell-based therapy for NIDCM.
Quality of Care Standards in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: a European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] Position Paper
Authors: Fiorino Gionata , Lytras Theodore , Younge Lisa , Fidalgo Catarina , Coenen Sofie , Chaparro Maria , Allocca Mariangela , Arnott Ian , Bossuyt Peter , Burisch Johan , Campmans-Kuijpers Marjo , de Ridder Lissy , Dignass Axel , Drohan Ciara , Feakins Roger , Gilardi Daniela , Grosek Jan , Groß Evelyn , Hart Ailsa , Jäghult Susanna , Katsanos Konstantinos , Lönnfors Sanna , Panis Yves , Perovic Marko , Pierik Marieke , Rimola Jordi , Tulchinsky Hagit , Gisbert Javier P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The management of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is complex, and requires tight control of disease activity, close monitoring to avoid treatment side effects, health care professionals with expertise in IBD, and an interdisciplinary, holistic approach. Despite various efforts to standardise structures, processes, and outcomes,1–8 and due to the high variability at the local, national, and international levels, there are still no clear definitions or outcome measures available to establish quality of care standards for IBD patients which are applicable in all contexts and all countries. For this reason, the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] supported the construction of a list of criteria summarising current standards of care in IBD. The list comprises 111 quality standard points grouped into three main domains [structure n = 31, process n = 42, outcomes n = 38] and is based on scientific evidence, interdisciplinary expert consensus, and patient-oriented perspectives. The list of proposed criteria is intended to represent the position of ECCO regarding the optimum quality of care that should be available to patients. Since health care systems and regulations vary considerably between countries, this list may require adaptation at local and national levels. It is recognised that not all these criteria that have been identified as optimal will be available in every unit. However, ECCO will continue its efforts to develop and coordinate projects and initiatives that will help to guarantee optimal quality of care for all IBD patients.
Strategies to improve the accuracy of lung stapling in uniportal and multiportal thoracoscopic sublobar lung resections
Authors: Sato Masaaki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The challenges in video-assisted thoracic surgery for sublobar lung resection include difficulty in tumour localization by palpation and difficulty in determining appropriate resection lines. Virtual-assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP), a bronchoscopic preoperative multispot lung dye-marking technique, allows for both tumour localization and determination of resection lines. To facilitate stapler-based resection, the AMAGAMI or ‘incomplete grasping’ stapler technique is useful to adjust the alignment of the stapler and resection lines. However, when the lung tissue to be stapled is thick, there is unavoidable uncertainty in the staple line inside the lung. We experimentally demonstrated that up to 1 cm of slippage of lung parenchyma occurs at stapling when the stapled lung tissue is &gt;1 cm thick. VAL-MAP 2.0 is a new generation of VAL-MAP combining multispot dye markings with intrabronchial microcoil placement, allowing for 3-dimensional lung mapping and intraoperative navigation using fluoroscopy. The uncertainty of stapling in the lung parenchyma can be partly overcome by VAL-MAP 2.0.
A Multipoint Felled-Tree Validation of Height–Age Modeled Growth Rates
Authors: Hemingway Halli , Kimsey Mark 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccurate measures of forest site productivity are essential for forest-management planning. The most common measure of site productivity is breast height–age site index (BHASI)—the expected height at a reference age. Error from including early growth in productivity estimates and limited applicability of any one BHASI model warrant development of alternative methods. Exploring alternatives may only be necessary if regional BHASI models are not accurately predicting growth rates. We compared modeled height growth rates for Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) to felled-tree measurements to evaluate relative performance of a regional BHASI model. An orthogonal sampling design ensured samples were collected across a range of site factors known to influence Douglas-fir growth rates. Growth rates for each 10 m section were calculated and compared to BHASI modeled growth rates. The regional BHASI model underpredicted growth rates from breast height to 30 m. Observed growth rates from 10 to 30 m accounted for the majority of underprediction relative to BHASI modeled growth rates. An alternative multipoint method of defining site productivity is described. More research comparing BHASI and alternative methods is needed, given the growth rate error associated with one-point site productivity assessment.
Implementation of initiatives to prevent student stress: process evaluation findings from the Healthy High School study
Authors: Bonnesen Camilla Thørring , Jensen Marie P , Madsen Katrine R , Toftager Mette , Rosing Johanne A , Krølner Rikke F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Process evaluation of public health interventions is important for understanding intervention results and can help explain why interventions succeed or fail. This study evaluated implementation of a school-based intervention combining educational and environmental strategies to prevent stress among Danish high school students. We investigated dose delivered, dose received, fidelity, appreciation, barriers and facilitators at the 15 intervention schools using mixed methods and multiple data sources: questionnaires among students, teachers and school coordinators; semi-structured interviews with school coordinators; telephone interviews with student counsellors; and focus group interviews with students and teachers. Implementation varied by schools and classes. Half of the intervention schools delivered the environmental strategies. For the educational strategies, dose delivered differed according to intervention provider. Students reported a lower dose received compared with dose delivered reported by school staff. Overall, student counsellors, school coordinators and students—especially those with low perceived stress—were satisfied with the stress preventive initiatives while teacher satisfaction varied. Five main barriers and three facilitators for implementation were identified. The use of multiple data sources and data methods created new knowledge of the implementation process which is important for the interpretation of effect evaluation and development of future interventions.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Substance Use Disorder in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Carney Heather , Marrie Ruth Ann , Bolton James M , Patten Scott B , Graff Lesley A , Bernstein Charles N , Kowalec Kaarina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Substance use disorders (SUDs) impose a substantial individual and societal burden; however, the prevalence and associated factors in persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are largely unknown. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of SUD in an IBD cohort.

Methods
Inflammatory bowel disease participants (n = 247) were recruited via hospital- and community-based gastroenterology clinics, a population-based IBD research registry, and primary care providers as part of a larger cohort study of psychiatric comorbidity in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV was administered to participants to identify lifetime SUD, anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder. Additional questionnaires regarding participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were also completed. We examined demographic and clinical factors associated with lifetime SUD using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression modeling.

Results
Forty-one (16.6%) IBD participants met the criteria for a lifetime diagnosis of an SUD. Factors associated with elevated odds of SUD were ever smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–7.50), male sex (aOR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.11–5.36), lifetime anxiety disorder (aOR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.08–5.37), and higher pain impact (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.16).

Conclusions
One in six persons with IBD experienced an SUD, suggesting that clinicians should maintain high index of suspicion regarding possible SUD, and inquiries about substance use should be a part of care for IBD patients, particularly for men, smokers, and patients with anxiety disorders and pain.