bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thal protects against paraquat‐induced lung injury through a microRNA‐141/HDAC6/IκBα‐NF‐κB axis in rat and cell models
Authors: Zheng Fenshuang , Zhu Junbo , Zhang Wei , Fu Yangshan , Lin Zhaoheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe protective functions of thalidomide in paraquat (PQ)‐induced injury have been reported. But the mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this research, a PQ‐treated rat model was established and further treated with thalidomide. Oedema and pathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and cell apoptosis in rat lungs were detected. A PQ‐treated RLE‐6TN cell model was constructed, and the viability and apoptosis rate of cells were measured. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) after thalidomide administration were screened out. Binding relationship between miR‐141 and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) was validated. Altered expression of miR‐141 and HDAC6 was introduced to identify their involvements in thalidomide‐mediated events. Consequently, thalidomide administration alone exerted no damage to rat lungs; in addition it reduced PQ‐induced oedema. The oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis in rat lungs were reduced by thalidomide. In RLE‐6TN cells, thalidomide increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis. miR‐141 was responsible for thalidomide‐mediated protective events by targeting HDAC6. Overexpression of HDAC6 blocked the protection of thalidomide against PQ‐induced injury via activating the IkBα‐NF‐κB signalling pathway. Collectively, this study evidenced that thalidomide protects lung tissues from PQ‐induced injury through a miR‐141/HDAC6/IkBα‐NF‐κB axis.
Dyadic association between aggressive pretend play and children’s anger expression
Authors: Rao Zhen , Fink Elian , Gibson Jenny 
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the association between children’s peer‐reported expression of anger and their pretend play with aggressive/negative themes observed during spontaneous play with classmates. Participants comprised 104 Chinese children (Mage = 8.98 years,SD = 0.97, 49% girls) and were filmed playing in peer dyads with toys. Aggressive and non‐aggressive negative pretend themes were coded at five‐second intervals for 10 minutes. Children’s expression of anger in real situations was reported by peers. Analysis using actor–partner interdependence modelling (APIM) revealed significant partner effects, indicating that children were more likely to engage in pretend play with aggressive themes when they were playing with a partner who was perceived by their peers as more easily angered. It was also found that boys were more likely to engage in pretend play with both aggressive and non‐aggressive negative themes compared with girls.
Correlations of the expression of γδ T cells and their co-stimulatory molecules TIGIT, PD-1, ICOS and BTLA with PR and PIBF in the peripheral blood and decidual tissues of women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Liang Q , Tong L , Xiang L , Shen S , Pan C , Liu C , Zhang H 
Published: October 2020

SummarySemi-allogeneic embryos are not rejected by the maternal immune system due to maternal–fetal immune tolerance. Progesterone (P) receptor (PR)-expressing γδ T cells are present in healthy pregnant women. In the presence of P, these cells secrete an immunomodulatory protein called progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), which can facilitate immune escape and is important in preventing embryonic rejection. This work investigated the correlations of the expression of γδ T cells and their co-stimulatory molecules T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) with progesterone receptor (PR) and progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) in peripheral blood and decidual tissue in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and normal pregnant (NP) women. We confirmed that γδ T cell proportions and PIBF expression in the peripheral blood and decidua of URSA women decreased significantly, while PR expression in decidua decreased. However, TIGIT, PD-1, ICOS and BTLA expression in γδ T cells in peripheral blood did not change, while TIGIT and PD-1 expression in γδ T cells in decidua increased significantly. Under the action of PHA-P (10 µg/ml), co-blocking of TIGIT (15 µg/ml) and PD-1 (10 µg/ml) antibodies further induced γδ T cell proliferation, but PIBF levels in the culture medium supernatant did not change. At 10−10 M P, γδ T cells proliferated significantly, and PIBF concentrations in the culture medium supernatant increased. γδ T cells co-cultured with P, TIGIT and PD-1 blocking antibodies showed the most significant proliferation, and PIBF concentrations in the culture medium supernatant were the highest. These results confirm that P is necessary for PIBF production. The TIGIT and PD-1 pathways participate in γδ T cell proliferation and activation and PIBF expression and play important roles in maintaining pregnancy.
Physics‐based Pathline Clustering and Exploration
Authors: Nguyen Duong B. , Zhang Lei , Laramee Robert S. , Thompson David , Monico Rodolfo Ostilla , Chen Guoning 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMost existing unsteady flow visualization techniques concentrate on the depiction of geometric patterns in flow, assuming the geometry information provides sufficient representation of the underlying physical characteristics, which is not always the case. To address this challenge, this work proposes to analyse the time‐dependent characteristics of the physical attributes measured along pathlines which can be represented as a series of time activity curves (TAC). We demonstrate that the temporal trends of these TACs can convey the relation between pathlines and certain well‐known flow features (e.g. vortices and shearing layers), which enables us to select pathlines that can effectively represent the physical characteristics of interest and their temporal behaviour in the unsteady flow. Inspired by this observation, a new TAC‐based unsteady flow visualization and analysis framework is proposed. The centre of this framework is a new similarity measure that compares the similarity of two TACs, from which a new spatio‐temporal, hierarchical clustering that classifies pathlines based on their physical attributes, and a TAC‐based pathline exploration and selection strategy are proposed. A visual analytic system incorporating the TAC‐based pathline clustering and exploration is developed, which also provides new visualizations to support the user exploration of unsteady flow using TACs. This visual analytic system is applied to a number of unsteady flow in 2D and 3D to demonstrate its utility. The new system successfully reveals the detailed structure of vortices, the relation between shear layer and vortex formation, and vortex breakdown, which are difficult to convey with conventional methods.
Stigmatization caused by hair loss – a systematic literature review
Authors: Schielein Maximilian Christian , Tizek Linda , Ziehfreund Stefanie , Sommer Rachel , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander 
Published: October 2020

SummaryHair loss is a symptom that can cause stigmatization and severe impairment of quality of life. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature on stigmatization of hair loss. Using predefined MeSH terms and keywords, a systematic search was performed in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, PsycINFO and PsycNET. No time restriction was chosen (last update: May 07, 2019; PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019122966). A total of 98 studies were identified, of which eleven were selected for inclusion in this work. The Hairdex, a questionnaire on disease‐specific quality of life, was the most frequently used instrument for the quantitative assessment of stigma. The studies were highly heterogeneous and values for stigmatization of androgenetic alopecia varied widely. However, regardless of the pathogenesis, patients with hair loss often suffer from stigmatization which limits their quality of life. Stigmatization of people with visible skin lesions has often been neglected in clinical practice and in daily contact with affected individuals. Studies that specifically address the stigma of hair loss are rare. Further studies are needed to achieve comparability within pathogeneses as well as with other visible dermatoses in order to better understand the enormous psychosocial burden of hair loss.
Ultrasound‐assisted injection of the centrodistal joint in the horse
Authors: Jarosinski Sarah K. , Sampson Sarah N. , Russell Lauren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInjection of the centrodistal (CD) joint in the horse is a commonly performed procedure for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This procedure can be technically challenging, and while radiographic guidance has been previously used, ultrasound localised injection of the CD joint has not been described.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of using ultrasound localisation to increase the accuracy of CD joint injection.Study designExperimental method assessment.MethodsOne operator performed the ultrasound and injection of 24 CD joints in 12 sedated horses. The joints were injected with iohexol (2 ml), sterile saline (1.5 ml) and amikacin (0.5 ml). Dorsoplantar and dorsomedial plantarolateral radiographic projections were obtained immediately after injection to evaluate the presence of contrast material in the CD joint.ResultsThe CD joint was successfully injected in 17/24 joints, representing a 70.8% accuracy.Main limitationsThe horses used in this study were from the University research herd, and not clinical cases. One investigator performed all the ultrasonography and CD joint injections.ConclusionsThe use of ultrasound localisation could improve success of CD joint injection as well as improve the learning curve of less experienced practitioners learning this procedure.
Validation and application of a two‐parameter J‐Ad approach for fracture behaviour prediction
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Wang Guozhen , Tu Shantung , Xuan Fuzhen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, the two‐parameter J‐Ad approach was applied to predict thefracture toughness of test single‐edge‐notched‐bend (SEN(B)) specimens with different in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraints for two materials with different mechanical properties. The results show that for most SEN(B) specimens, the predicted fracture toughness agrees with the experimental data; thus, the capability and applicability of the two‐parameter J‐Ad approach are validated. The approach correctly predicts that the fracture toughness decreases with increasing in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraints. Compared with the prediction results of the three‐parameter J‐Q‐Tz approach in the literature, the J‐Ad approach has better prediction accuracy and wider application ranges. The calculation procedure of the J‐Ad approach is also simple and convenient for engineering application.
The association between peri‐dialytic pulse wave velocity measurements and hemodialysis patient mortality
Authors: Vongsanim Surachet , Davenport Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionArterial stiffness in the general population is an independent prognostic factor for cardiovascular mortality, and can be measured noninvasively by pulse wave velocity (PWV). PWV is increased in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but the prognostic additional value remains debatable, with variable results reported. We wished to review whether increased PWV was associated with mortality in our HD patients.MethodsAortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) was measured peridialytic using an oscillograph technique (Arteriograph TensioMed, Hungary), in a cohort of HD patients in 2012.FindingsThree hundred and eighty‐three HD patients, 238 (62.1%) male, median age 67.7 (54.2–78.0) years, 163 (42.6%) diabetic, Charlson comorbidity score 7 (5–9) and PWVao 8.9 (7.4–11.2) m/s were studied. Two hundred and twenty‐nine deaths occurred during a median 61.1‐month follow‐up. PWVao was associated with all‐cause mortality in unadjusted models (odds ratio [OR] for PWVao as a continuous variable 1.084, 95% confidence limits [CL] 1.046–1.124), P < 0.001, and for patients with PWVao>10 m/s (OR 1.61, CL 1.240–2.098, P < 0.001), but not after adjusting for clinical confounders (OR 1.024, CL 0.987–1.063, P = 0.208), whereas age (OR 1.049, CL 1.038–1.060, P < 0.001), and Charlson comorbidity (OR 1.131, CL1.065–1.201, P < 0.001) remained significantly associated with mortality.DiscussionAlthough our HD patients with an increased PWVao had greater all‐cause mortality, after adjustment for age and comorbidity, the prognostic value of a single PWVao measurement was no longer an independent prognostic factor for mortality. Future studies are required to determine whether changes in PWV offer additional prognostic value for HD patients.
Building a change adaptive university: A system of composite indicators to measure and facilitate pervasive changes
Authors: Tafere Gedifew Matebe , Shimelis Muluneh Girma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrganizations including universities are operating in an increasingly volatile environment and they are in a state of constant change. To survive and thrive in this ever‐changing environment, building the capacity to adapt is essential. The basic purpose of this research was to identify and propose basic dimensions that help to envisage the adaptive capacity of public universities. To study universities as complex adaptive systems, complexity theory and pragmatism were used complimentarily. In doing so, mixed research design (in particular, the sequential explanatory approach) was employed. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview from three sample universities' academic staff, support staff and leaders. Meanwhile, the capacity of universities for institutional change was measured by employing composite indicators methodology supported by PLS‐PM analysis. Based on the conceptual model, the adaptive capacity of universities to change initiatives was found to be low, which limits their success in realising their visions through change. Consequently, the identified gaps and challenges in the studied universities strengthen the argument for the need to systematically assess universities’ adaptive capacity using a model and make appropriate intervention before struggling to introduce any change initiative.
Outcomes and mortality associated with atrial arrhythmias among patients hospitalized with COVID‐19
Authors: Peltzer Bradley , Manocha Kevin K. , Ying Xiaohan , Kirzner Jared , Ip James E. , Thomas George , Liu Christopher F. , Markowitz Steven M. , Lerman Bruce B. , Safford Monika M. , Goyal Parag , Cheung Jim W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of atrial arrhythmias on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated outcomes are unclear. We sought to identify prevalence, risk factors and outcomes associated with atrial arrhythmias among patients hospitalized with COVID‐19.MethodsAn observational cohort study of 1053 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection admitted to a quaternary care hospital and a community hospital was conducted. Data from electrocardiographic and telemetry were collected to identify atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter/tachycardia (AFL). The association between atrial arrhythmias and 30‐day mortality was assessed with multivariable analysis.ResultsMean age of patients was 62 ± 17 years and 62% were men. Atrial arrhythmias were identified in 166 (15.8%) patients, with AF in 154 (14.6%) patients and AFL in 40 (3.8%) patients. Newly detected atrial arrhythmias occurred in 101 (9.6%) patients. Age, male sex, prior AF, renal disease, and hypoxia on presentation were independently associated with AF/AFL occurrence. Compared with patients without AF/AFL, patients with AF/AFL had significantly higher levels of troponin, B‐type natriuretic peptide, C‐reactive protein, ferritin and
d‐dimer. Mortality was significantly higher among patients with AF/AFL (39.2%) compared to patients without (13.4%; p < .001). After adjustment for age and co‐morbidities, AF/AFL (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.93; p = .007) and newly detected AF/AFL (adjusted OR: 2.87; p < .001) were independently associated with 30‐day mortality.ConclusionAtrial arrhythmias are common among patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. The presence of AF/AFL tracked with markers of inflammation and cardiac injury. Atrial arrhythmias were independently associated with increased mortality.
Retracing migration pattern in reproductive and non‐reproductive female kutum Rutilus frisii, in south Caspian Sea, using otolith microchemistry
Authors: Bani Ali , Abdollahi Razieh , Karimi Narjes , Lyle Jeremy M. , Thompson Jay 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBecause trace elements of otoliths are considered a natural marker capable of recognizing the chemical composition of ambient water and fish migration history, these elements could be potentially used to analyse the movement of reproductive (R) and non‐reproductive (NR) mature‐sized fish. Supposedly, it is not essential for NR individuals to migrate to rivers for spawning because they do not have developed gonads. To investigate the potential differences in migration history between female R and NR kutum, Rutilus frisii, in the southwest waters of the Caspian Sea, the ratios of Sr, Ba, Mg, Na, K and P to Ca in otoliths (from the core to the edge) were examined using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. In NR fish, a significant increase in Sr:Ca ratio in the otoliths' growth rings, likely due to greater seawater residency, and an increase in Ba:Ca ratio in the last two rings were observed. Increased Ba:Ca ratio could be due to the movement of NR mature‐sized fish to the coastal zones for foraging. Seasonal physiological factors such as gonad maturation and spawning activity are more likely to be involved in differences in the other elemental ratios (Mg, Na, K and P). These results suggest that microchemical analyses of growth rings of otolith can be used as a valuable tool for better understanding the movement pattern of different types of adult fish, which could be completed with data from other methods like tagging.
Application of machine learning to identify predators of stocked fish inLake Ontario: using acoustic telemetry predation tags to inform management
Authors: Klinard Natalie V. , Matley Jordan K. , Ivanova Silviya V. , Larocque Sarah M. , Fisk Aaron T. , Johnson Timothy B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding predator–prey interactions and food web dynamics is important for ecosystem‐based management in aquatic environments, as they experience increasing rates of human‐induced changes, such as the addition and removal of fishes. To quantify the post‐stocking survival and predation of a prey fish in Lake Ontario, 48 bloaterCoregonus hoyiwere tagged with acoustic telemetry predation tags and were tracked on an array of 105 acoustic receivers from November 2018 to June 2019. Putative predators of tagged bloater were identified by comparing movement patterns of six species of salmonids (i.e., predators) in Lake Ontario with the post‐predated movements of bloater (i.e., prey) using a random forests algorithm, a type of supervised machine learning. A total of 25 bloater (53% of all detected) were consumed by predators on average (±S.D.) 3.1 ± 2.1 days after release. Post‐predation detections of predators occurred for an average (±S.D.) of 78.9 ± 76.9 days, providing sufficient detection data to classify movement patterns. Tagged lake troutSalvelinus namaycushprovided the most reliable classification from behavioural predictor variables (89% success rate) and was identified as the main consumer of bloater (consumed 50%). Movement networks between predicted and tagged lake trout were significantly correlated over a 6 month period, supporting the classification of lake trout as a common bloater predator. This study demonstrated the ability of supervised learning techniques to provide greater insight into the fate of stocked fishes and predator–prey dynamics, and this technique is widely applicable to inform future stocking and other management efforts.
Reproductive development and maturity stage benchmarking in a freshwater teleost ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus L. in Loch Lomond
Authors: Treasurer James W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA wide range of classification schemes has been developed to describe reproductive development and stages in teleosts. These have been rationalised for clarity in recent years by Brown‐Peterson et al. (Marine and Coastal Fisheries, 2011, 3, 52–70) and the WKASMSF (ICES, Report of the workshop for advancing sexual maturity staging in fish (WKASMSF), 2018) working groups. These have largely benchmarked classification schemes with examples from seawater fishes but have not been routinely applied to freshwater species. In addition, classification schemes developed to assess maturation of fish ovaries are either macroscopic and can be used in the field or histological for laboratory‐based studies, and the two have rarely been coupled in the same classification scale or study. The present study reviews published maturation classifications for application to a freshwater teleost, ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus L., sampled monthly over three annual cycles in Loch Lomond at locations in the extreme north and south ends of the loch. The gonado‐somatic index and size frequency distribution of oocytes were used to verify the annual reproductive cycle and spawning of several egg batches. The study showed that a paired modified Percid scale (Treasurer & Holliday, Journal of Fish Biology, 1981, 18, 359–376) and the Rinchard scale (Rinchard & Kestemont, Journal of Fish Biology, 1996, 49, 883–894) gave an improved macroscopic and histological description of maturation compared with and benchmarked against previous ovarian developmental classifications for G. cernuus. The attributes of these various classifications are benchmarked and compared with the Brown‐Peterson and WKMATCH scales, and the merits of these new notations are examined.