bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of resistance force at steady-state sinkage for cylindrical wheel-typed lunar/planetary exploration rovers with function of push–pull locomotion
Authors: Fujiwara Daisuke , Tsujikawa Naoki , Oshima Tetsuya , Iizuka Kojiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlanetary exploration rovers have required a high traveling performance to overcome obstacles such as loose soil and rocks. Push-pull locomotion rovers is a unique scheme, like an inchworm, and it has high traveling performance on loose soil. Push-pull locomotion uses the resistance force by keeping a locked-wheel related to the ground, whereas the conventional rotational traveling uses the shear force from loose soil. The locked-wheel is a key factor for traveling in the push-pull scheme. Understanding the sinking behavior and its resistance force is useful information for estimating the rover’s performance. Previous studies have reported the soil motion under the locked-wheel, the traction, and the traveling behavior of the rover. These studies were, however, limited to the investigation of the resistance force and amount of sinkage for the particular condition depending on the rover. Additionally, the locked-wheel sinks into the soil until it obtains the required force for supporting the other wheels’ motion. How the amount of sinkage and resistance forces are generated at different wheel sizes and mass of an individual wheel has remained unclear, and its estimation method hasn’t existed. This study, therefore, addresses the relationship between the sinkage and its resistance force, and we analyze and consider this relationship via the towing experiment and theoretical consideration. The results revealed that the sinkage reached a steady-state value and depended on the contact area and mass of each wheel, and the maximum resistance force also depends on this sinkage. Additionally, the estimation model did not capture the same trend as the experimental results when the wheel width changed, whereas, the model captured a relatively the same trend as the experimental result when the wheel mass and diameter changed.
Novel mechanisms underlying anti-polycystic ovary like syndrome effects of electroacupuncture in rats: suppressing SREBP1 to mitigate insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress
Authors: Peng Yan , Yang Xinming , Luo Xi , Liu Chunhong , Cao Xia , Wang Hongyan , Guo Liyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcupuncture, a therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, is confirmed to exert the therapeutic action on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the detailed therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture in PCOS remain ambiguous. In this study, we further investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) alleviated PCOS-like symptoms in rats via regulating a metabolic regulator, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1).MethodsThe PCOS-like rat model was built by hypodermic injection with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The rats were subjected to EA intervention (ST29 and SP6 acupuncture points) for 5 weeks. Primary granulosa cells were isolated from control and PCOS-like rats for evaluating insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in vitro.ResultsThe expression of SREBP1 was increased in PCOS-like rats, which was suppressed by EA treatment. In addition, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of SREBP1 restrained EA treatment-induced improvement in pathological changes, serum hormone levels and insulin resistance in rats. In addition, overexpression of SREBP1 repressed insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor β (IR) and AKT in primary granulosa cells. Moreover, upregulation of SREBP1 further exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in granulosa cells isolated from PCOS-like rats. Mechanically, EA treatment suppressed SREBP1 expression through inducing the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in PCOS-like rats.ConclusionEA intervention alleviated PCOS-like symptoms in rats via improving IR, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress through regulating SREBP1, a lipid metabolism regulator. Our findings illuminate the novel protective mechanisms of EA in the treatment of PCOS.
Effect of rhG-CSF Combined With Decitabine Prophylaxis on Relapse of Patients With High-Risk MRD-Negative AML After HSCT: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gao Lei , Zhang Yanqi , Wang Sanbin , Kong Peiyan , Su Yi , Hu Jiong , Jiang Ming , Bai Hai , Lang Tao , Wang Jishi , Liu Li , Yang Tonghua , Huang Xiaobing , Liu Fang , Lou Shifeng , Liu Yao , Zhang Cheng , Liu Hong , Gao Li , Liu Jia , Zhu Lidan , Wen Qin , Chen Ting , Wang Ping , Rao Jun , Mao Min , Wang Cunbang , Duan Xianlin , Luo Le , Peng Xiangui , Cassady Kaniel , Zhong Jiang F. , Zhang Xi 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE Relapse is a major cause of treatment failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (HR-AML). The aim of this study was to explore the effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) combined with minimal-dose decitabine (Dec) on the prevention of HR-AML relapse after allo-HSCT. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a phase II, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Two hundred four patients with HR-AML who had received allo-HSCT 60-100 days before randomization and who were minimal residual disease negative were randomly assigned 1:1 to either rhG-CSF combined with minimal-dose Dec (G-Dec group: 100 µg/m2 of rhG-CSF on days 0-5 and 5 mg/m2 of Dec on days 1-5) or no intervention (non–G-Dec group). The primary outcome was relapse after transplantation, and the secondary outcomes were chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), safety of the treatment, and survival. RESULTS The estimated 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse in the G-Dec group was 15.0% (95% CI, 8.0% to 22.1%), compared with 38.3% (95% CI, 28.8% to 47.9%) in the non–G-Dec group ( P < .01), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.32 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.57; P < .01). There was no statistically significant difference between the G-Dec and non–G-Dec groups in the 2-year cumulative incidence of cGVHD without relapse (23.0% [95% CI, 14.7% to 31.3%] and 21.7% [95% CI, 13.6% to 29.7%], respectively; P = .82), with an HR of 1.07 (95% CI, 0.60 to 1.92; P = .81). After rhG-CSF combined with minimal-dose Dec maintenance, increasing numbers of natural killer, CD8+ T, and regulatory T cells were observed. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that rhG-CSF combined with minimal-dose Dec maintenance after allo-HSCT can reduce the incidence of relapse, accompanied by changes in the number of lymphocyte subtypes.
Anesthetic Potency of Intravenous Infusion of 20% Emulsified Sevoflurane and Effect on the Blood-Gas Partition Coefficient in Dogs
Authors: Morohashi Toru , Itakura Sayako , Shimokawa Ken-ichi , Ishii Fumiyoshi , Sanjo Yoshimitsu , Kazama Tomiei 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Intravenous (IV) infusions of volatile anesthetics in lipid emulsion may increase blood lipid concentration, potentially altering the anesthetic agent’s blood solubility and blood-gas partition coefficient (BGPC). We examined the influence of a low-lipid concentration 20% sevoflurane emulsion on BGPC, and the anesthetic potency of this emulsion using dogs.

METHODS:
We compared BGPC and anesthetic characteristics in 6 dogs between the IV anesthesia of emulsion and the sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia in a randomized crossover substudy. Minimum alveolar concentrations (MACs) were determined by tail-clamp stimulation by using the up-and-down method. Blood sevoflurane concentration and partial pressure were measured by gas chromatography; end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was measured using a gas monitor. The primary outcome was BGPC at the end of IV anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia. Secondary outcomes were time to loss/recovery of palpebral reflex, finish intubation and awakening, MAC, blood concentration/partial pressure at MAC and awakening, correlation between blood partial pressure and gas monitor, and the safety of emulsions.

RESULTS:
BGPC showed no difference between IV and inhaled anesthesia (0.859 [0.850–0.887] vs 0.813 [0.791–0.901]; P = .313). Induction and emergence from anesthesia were more rapid in IV anesthesia of emulsion than inhalation anesthesia. MAC of emulsion (1.33% [1.11–1.45]) was lower than that of inhalation (2.40% [2.33–2.48]; P = .031), although there was no significant difference in blood concentration. End-tidal sevoflurane concentration could be estimated using gas monitor during IV anesthesia of emulsion. No major complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONS:
IV anesthesia with emulsion did not increase the BGCP significantly compared to inhalation anesthesia. It was suggested that the anesthetic potency of this emulsion may be equal to or more than that of inhalation.
Anesthesia and Long-term Oncological Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Chun-Yu , Wu Meng-Yu , Chien Yung-Jiun , Su I-Min , Wang Shih-Ching , Kao Ming-Chang 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Whether propofol elicits a survival benefit over volatile anesthetics during cancer surgery remains inconclusive. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with any volatile anesthesia on long-term oncological outcomes. The secondary aim is to compare propofol-based TIVA with specific volatile agents on long-term oncological outcomes.

METHODS:
We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception through March 3, 2020. Randomized control trials and observational studies that compared the effects of propofol-based TIVA and volatile anesthesia on long-term oncological outcomes, which also reported hazard ratios (HR) as effect estimates, were considered eligible for inclusion. Using the inverse variance method with a random-effects model, HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Trial sequential analysis was incorporated to test if the results were subject to a type I or type II error.

RESULTS:
Nineteen retrospective observational studies were included. Patients who received propofol-based TIVA during cancer surgery were associated with significantly better overall survival than those who received volatile anesthesia (HR = 0.79, 95% CI, 0.66-0.94, P = .008, I
2 = 82%). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed in recurrence-free survival between patients who received propofol-based TIVA and volatile anesthesia during cancer surgery (HR = 0.81, 95% CI, 0.61-1.07, P = .137, I
2 = 85%). In the subgroup analysis by different volatile anesthetics, patients who received propofol-based TIVA were associated with better overall survival than those who received desflurane (HR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.36-0.80, P = .003, I
2 = 80%). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between patients who received propofol-based TIVA and those who received sevoflurane (HR = 0.92, 95% CI, 0.74-1.14, P = .439, I
2 = 70%). In the trial sequential analysis of overall survival, the cumulative Z curve reached the required heterogeneity-adjusted information size and crossed the traditional significance boundary. In contrast, in the trial sequential analysis of recurrence-free survival, the cumulative Z curve did not cross the traditional significance boundary. However, the required heterogeneity-adjusted information size has not yet been reached.

CONCLUSIONS:
Propofol-based TIVA is generally associated with better overall survival than volatile anesthesia during cancer surgery. Further large-scaled, high-quality randomized control trials are warranted to confirm our findings.
From Monmouth to Madoc to Māori
Authors: Cleaves Wallace 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay examines how Indigenous research methodologies can be usefully applied to medieval texts. It does this by recounting and engaging with personal experience and by interrogating how research is deployed for colonial purpose. The use of medieval English texts by early modern and later colonial proponents and apologists, particularly John Dee, emphasize the inherent colonial purpose of traditional research methodologies. These processes are contrasted with Indigenous research methodologies, particularly those proposed by Linda Tuhiwai Smith, and the author’s own personal experience and that of his tribal nation of how Indigenous memory and inquiry can inform research practices that are relational and not exploitive.
A Decolonizing Medieval Studies?
Authors: Young Helen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article considers how medievalism, particularly in its academic form of medieval studies, might contribute to decolonization through exploration of how the Western “cultural archive” (Smith, Decolonizing Methodologies) draws on the teleological temporality embedded in the idea of the “medieval” to rationalize “white possessive logics” (Moreton-Robinson, White Possessive). It explores medievalisms in legal, mainstream, and academic contexts that focus on Indigenous land rights and law in the Australian settler-colonial state. It examines the High Court of Australia’s ruling in Mabo and Others v. Queensland (2) (1992), a landmark case that challenged the legal doctrine of terra nullius, on which claims to British sovereignty were founded, and on comparisons of Anglo-Saxon and Indigenous law in the post-Mabo era.
Consorting with Stone
Authors: Jackson Sarah-Nelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay places Marie de France’s lai “Yonec” (ca. 1150–1200) and the anonymous Middle English romance King Horn (ca. 1250–1300) in conversation with critical Indigenous theories of relational, land-based sovereignty and resurgence. At first, “Yonec” and King Horn appear to reinscribe a Western form of sovereignty based on exclusive territorial control. Both works offer alternative models of sovereignty and self-determination, however, in their depictions of cooperative, lithic alliance between stone and female consorts. Adopting the term lithic sovereignty to describe the works’ relation-based sovereign imaginaries, this essay first follows the King Horn narrator’s depiction of Godhild’s hermetic retreat into stone when Saracens conquer her husband’s realm. Then it turns to the nameless lady of “Yonec” and her implausible escape from her jealous husband’s tower, facilitated by the very stone that had seemed to entrap her. Drawing on critical Indigenous studies, legal studies, and ecomaterialism, this essay concludes that both King Horn and “Yonec” offer a medieval British imaginary of lithic relational sovereignty that runs counter to teleological, naturalizing narratives of Euro-Western origins.
Ghostly Consciousness inThe Book of Margery Kempe
Authors: Duperron Brenna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractJill Carter has spearheaded the interpretive practice of “red reading,” wherein a canonical text is read through an Indigenous perspective, and has proven the validity of approaching traditional texts or problems through a decolonized or non-European method. To date, the red reading methodology has been most noticeably used to decentralize a Eurocentric reading of Indigeneity in North American literature, though as this article illustrates, the concepts of red reading can be expanded to analyze texts from across temporal and cultural periodization, which allows us to approach texts from a new perspective. In red reading a text like The Book of Margery Kempe, with its emphasis on holism and fluid consciousness, we can reach past the orality and textuality at the forefront of the text to interrogate and explore the liminality of a third (ghostly) consciousness.
Individual variation and the biomechanics of maneuvering flight in hummingbirds
Authors: Dakin R. , Segre P. S. , Altshuler D. L. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
An animal's maneuverability will determine the outcome of many of its most important interactions. A common approach to studying maneuverability is to force the animal to perform a specific maneuver or to try to elicit maximal performance. Recently, the availability of wider-field tracking technology has allowed for high-throughput measurements of voluntary behavior, an approach that produces large volumes of data. Here, we show how these data allow for measures of inter-individual variation that are necessary to evaluate how performance depends on other traits, both within and among species. We use simulated data to illustrate best practices when sampling a large number of voluntary maneuvers. Our results show how the sample average can be the best measure of inter-individual variation, whereas the sample maximum is neither repeatable nor a useful metric of the true variation among individuals. Our studies with flying hummingbirds reveal that their maneuvers fall into three major categories: simple translations, simple rotations and complex turns. Simple maneuvers are largely governed by distinct morphological and/or physiological traits. Complex turns involve both translations and rotations, and are more subject to inter-individual differences that are not explained by morphology. This three-part framework suggests that different wingbeat kinematics can be used to maximize specific aspects of maneuverability. Thus, a broad explanatory framework has emerged for interpreting hummingbird maneuverability. This framework is general enough to be applied to other types of locomotion, and informative enough to explain mechanisms of maneuverability that could be applied to both animals and bio-inspired robots.
Where have all the parasites gone? Unusual Plasmodium falciparum monoparasitaemia in a cross-sectional malariometric survey in northern Nigeria
Authors: Nakakana Usman Nasir , Onankpa Ben O. , Mohammed Ismaila Ahmed , Jega Ridwan M. , Jiya Nma Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

Background: Malaria is caused by one of five currently known Plasmodium parasite species causing disease in humans. While modelling has provided information of the vector, the same is not entirely the case for the parasite. The World Malaria reports of 2014 to 2016 reported 100% of confirmed cases from Nigeria being due to Plasmodium falciparum. Generally, about 98% of cases of uncomplicated malaria in most regions surveyed in Nigeria recently is due to P. falciparum, with the remainder being due to P. malariae. This study aimed to determine the proportions of Plasmodium parasites causing uncomplicated malaria in Wamakko Local Government Area of Sokoto State, north-western Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted during the rainy season and dry season in north-western Nigeria. The area has a ‘local steppe’ climate and Sudanian Savannah vegetation. Sampling was via multistage cluster sampling. Selected participants were examined for pallor, palpable splenomegaly and signs of complicated malaria. Blood samples were also taken for rapid diagnosis of malaria and thick and thin films to identify parasitaemia and the parasite species. Participants found to have malaria were treated with Artemether/Lumefantrine and those with complicated malaria were referred to the nearest hospital. Results: We found a parasite prevalence of 34.8% overall, which was higher in the rainy season (49.3%) than in the dry season (20.2%). There was monoparasitaemia of Plasmodium falciparum throughout the study area, irrespective of the clinical status of the participant. Mapping of the parasite was extended throughout the Local Government Area and the State. Conclusions: Despite the intermediate endemicity in the area. P. falciparum monoparasitaemia affirms theories of disappearance of other parasite species, either due to faltering control of P. falciparum or more efficient control of other species.
Incidence of spinal deformity surgery in a national health service from 2005 to 2018
Authors: Tsirikos Athanasios I. , Roberts Simon B. , Bhatti Emma 
Published: October 2020

Aims Severe spinal deformity in growing patients often requires surgical management. We describe the incidence of spinal deformity surgery in a National Health Service. Methods Descriptive study of prospectively collected data. Clinical data of all patients undergoing surgery for spinal deformity between 2005 and 2018 was collected, compared to the demographics of the national population, and analyzed by underlying aetiology. Results Our cohort comprised 2,205 patients; this represents an incidence of 14 per 100,000 individuals among the national population aged between zero and 18 years. There was an increase in mean annual incidence of spinal deformity surgery across the study period from 9.6 (7.2 to 11.7) per 100,000 individuals in 2005 to 2008, to 17.9 (16.1 to 21.5) per 100,000 individuals in 2015 to 2018 (p = 0.001). The most common cause of spinal deformity was idiopathic scoliosis accounting for 56.7% of patients. There was an increase in mean incidence of surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) (from 4.4 (3.1 to 5.9) to 9.8 (9.1 to 10.8) per 100,000 individuals; p < 0.001), juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (JIS) (from 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) to one (0.5 to 1.3) per 100,000 individuals; p = 0.009), syndromic scoliosis (from 0.7 (0.3 to 0.9) to 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) per 100,000 individuals; p = 0.044), Scheuermann’s kyphosis (SK) (from 0.2 (0 to 0.7) to 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) per 100,000 individuals; p = 0.001), and scoliosis with intraspinal abnormalities (from 0.04 (0 to 0.08) to 0.6 (0.5 to 0.8) per 100,000 individuals; p = 0.008) across the study period. There was an increase in mean number of posterior spinal fusions performed each year from mean 84.5 (51 to 108) in 2005 to 2008 to 182.5 (170 to 210) in 2015 to 2018 (p < 0.001) and a reduction in mean number of growing rod procedures from 45.5 (18 to 66) in 2005 to 2008 to 16.8 (11 to 24) in 2015 to 2018 (p = 0.046). Conclusion The incidence of patients with spinal deformity undergoing surgery increased from 2005 to 2018. This was largely attributable to an increase in surgical patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paediatric spinal deformity was increasingly treated by posterior spinal fusion, coinciding with a decrease in the number of growing rod procedures. These results can be used to plan paediatric spinal deformity services but also evaluate preventative strategies and research, including population screening.