bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micromorphological and FTIR analysis of the Upper Paleolithic early pottery site of Yuchanyan cave, Hunan, South China
Authors: Patania Ilaria , Goldberg Paul , Cohen David J. , Yuan Jiarong , Wu Xiaohong , Bar‐Yosef Ofer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe site of Yuchanyan cave (Hunan Province, China) contains evidence for some of the earliest‐known (ca. 18,000 cal BP) pottery in the world alongside a typical South China Upper Paleolithic cobble tool (chopper) industry. Here we present the results of a micromorphological study of the deposits with particular attention to site formation processes and recognizable human activities. Our study reveals that the majority of the sediments are anthropogenic and produced by repeated combustion episodes involving the complete expenditure of the fuel and then the refuse being raked out and redistributed across the cave. In relation to the pottery production, clay was also used to line fireplaces. Our results, combined with our Fourier‐transform infrared analysis of the clays and bones, and supported by the zooarchaeological data, suggest that fire and pottery were used here to boil bones and render grease. This behavior must be considered in respect to its associated chopper industry, and the presence of early pottery may be related, suggesting differences in behavioral modernity for hunter‐gatherers in Upper Paleolithic South China. This study demonstrates the advantages of analyzing sediments as a record of past human actions and the value of using micromorphology for the study of Late Pleistocene sites in China.
Major CO2 blowouts from offshore wells are strongly attenuated in water deeper than 50 m
Authors: Oldenburg Curtis M. , Pan Lehua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGrowing interest in offshore geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) motivates evaluation of the consequences of subsea CO2 well blowouts. We have simulated a hypothetical major CO2 well blowout in shallow water of the Texas Gulf Coast. We use a coupled reservoir‐well model (T2Well) to simulate the subsea blowout flow rate for input to an integral model (TAMOC) for modeling CO2 transport in the water column. Bubble sizes are estimated for the blowout scenario for input to TAMOC. Results suggest that a major CO2 blowout in ≥50 m of water will be almost entirely attenuated by the water column due to CO2 dissolution into seawater during upward rise. In contrast, the same blowout in 10 m of water will hardly be attenuated at all. Results also show that the size of the orifice of the leak strongly controls the CO2 blowout rate. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protocol for the Rare Dementia Support Impact study: RDS Impact
Authors: Brotherhood Emilie V. , Stott Joshua , Windle Gill , Barker Suzie , Culley Siobhan , Harding Emma , Camic Paul M. , Caufield Maria , Ezeofor Victory , Hoare Zoe , McKee‐Jackson Roberta , Roberts Jennifer , Sharp Rebecca , Suarez‐Gonzalez Aida , Sullivan Mary Pat , Tudor Edwards Rhiannon , Walton Jill , Waddington Claire , Winrow Eira , Crutch Sebastian J. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThe Rare Dementia Support (RDS) Impact study will be the first major study of the value of multicomponent support groups for people living with or supporting someone with a rare form of dementia. The multicentre study aims to evaluate the impact of multicomponent support offered and delivered to people living with a rare form of dementia, comprising the following five work packages (WPs): (a) longitudinal cohort interviews, (b) theoretical development, (c) developing measures, (d) novel interventions, and (e) economic analysis.MethodsThis is a mixed‐methods design, including a longitudinal cohort study (quantitative and qualitative) and a feasibility randomised control trial (RCT). A cohort of more than 1000 individuals will be invited to participate. The primary and secondary outcomes will be in part determined through a co‐design nominal groups technique prestudy involving caregivers to people living with a diagnosis of a rare dementia. Quantitative analyses of differences and predictors will be based on prespecified hypotheses. A variety of quantitative (eg, analysis of variance [ANOVA] and multiple linear regression techniques), qualitative (eg, thematic analysis [TA]), and innovative analytical methods will also be developed and applied by involving the arts as a research method.ResultsThe UCL Research Ethics Committee have approved this study. Data collection commenced in January 2020.ConclusionsThe study will capture information through a combination of longitudinal interviews, questionnaires and scales, and novel creative data collection methods. The notion of “impact” in the context of support for rare dementias will involve theoretical development, novel measures and methods of support interventions, and health economic analyses.
Interactive association of baseline and changes in serum uric acid on renal dysfunction among community‐dwelling persons
Authors: Kawamoto Ryuichi , Ninomiya Daisuke , Akase Taichi , Kikuchi Asuka , Kumagi Teru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern. Baseline serum uric acid (SUA) levels were independently associated with incident renal dysfunction, but whether baseline and changes in SUA produce an interactive effect on renal dysfunction remains unclear.MethodsThe subjects comprised 460 men aged 68 ± 10 (mean ± standard deviation) years and 635 women aged 68 ± 9 years from a rural village. We have found participants who underwent a similar examination 3 years later, and analyzed the relationship between baseline SUA, changes in SUA, and a 3‐year follow‐up renal function evaluated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).ResultsA total of 93 (20.2%) men and 76 (12.0%) women had hyperuricemia (men: SUA ≥ 7.0 mg/dL and women: SUA ≥ 6.0 mg/dL) at baseline. Multiple regression analysis using changes in eGFR as objective variable, adjusted for risk factors as explanatory variables, showed that the baseline SUA and changes in SUA were linearly associated with changes in eGFR (β = －0.115, P < .001 and β = －0.431, P < .001, respectively). In both normal SUA group and hyperuricemia group, changes in SUA significantly associated with changes in eGFR (β = －0.473, P < .001 and β = －0.197, P = .009, respectively). Participants with increased SUA from normal to hyperuricemia group had greater eGFR decline over the follow‐up period, and their multivariate‐adjusted 3‐year follow‐up eGFR was significantly lower than in other groups (P < .001).ConclusionOur data demonstrated that baseline and longitudinal changes in SUA were independently and interactively associated with the renal function decline among community‐dwelling persons.
Partitioning a graph into cycles with a specified number of chords
Authors: Chiba Shuya , Jiang Suyun , Yan Jin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor a graph , let be the minimum degree sum of two nonadjacent vertices in . A chord of a cycle in a graph is an edge of joining two nonconsecutive vertices of the cycle. In this paper, we prove the following result, which is an extension of a result of Brandt et al for large graphs: For positive integers and , there exists an integer such that if is a graph of order and , then can be partitioned into vertex‐disjoint cycles, each of which has at least chords.
Definition of the objective threshold of pancreatoduodenectomy with nationwide data systems
Authors: Nakata Kohei , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Seto Yasuyuki , Yamaue Hiroki , Yamamoto Masakazu , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to define an objective evidence‐based threshold of high‐volume hospitals (HVHs) for pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) using nationwide data systems.MethodsA total of 36,453 patients underwent PD in 1,499 hospitals from 2012 to 2015 were collected from the National Clinical Database in Japan. Restricted cubic spline model with risk adjustment was used for definition of an objective evidence‐based threshold of HVHs.ResultsThe restricted cubic spline curve of 30‐day and in‐hospital mortality showed a continuous decrease with an increase in hospital volume and plateau phase of mortality was detected between approximately 30 and 50 PDs/year. On the basis of this curve, we defined hospitals ≥30 PDs/year as HVHs and ≤29 PDs/year as non‐HVHs. We also sub‐classified hospitals <5, 5–29, 30–49, and ≥50 PDs/year as low‐volume, intermediate‐volume, high‐volume, and very high‐volume hospitals using the spline curve. The odds ratio (OR) of risk‐adjusted mortality decreased as hospital volume increased, with an OR of 0.34 for HVHs and 0.26 for very HVHs compared with low‐volume hospitals.ConclusionsWe consider that this concept is applicable to other high‐risk procedures for reducing mortality after these procedures, which could improve medical care and health services.
The synthesis and luminescent properties of bonded Eu(III) polymer phosphors for white light‐emitting diode
Authors: Guo Jiandong , Yang Yamin , Jia Husheng , Zhang Aiqin , Shen Qianqian , Liu Xuguang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA coordination and copolymerization strategy was adopted to synthesize bonded Eu(III) polymer phosphor poly(MMA‐co‐Eu(BTZ)2(Phen)(UA)) (PM‐Eu for short) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) as polymer matrix and Eu‐complex monomer Eu (BTZ)2(Phen)(UA) using azodiisobutyronitrile as initiator. The copolymer PM‐Eu exhibits thermal stability up to 266°C. It also exhibits wide and strong excitation bands from 230 to 380 nm monitored at 612 nm, matching well with the 365 nm of ultraviolet (UV) chip. PM‐Eu displays Eu(III) characteristic peaks at 579, 591, 612, 650, and 700 nm under the excitation of 365 nm of UV light. Meanwhile, it has a fluorescence lifetime of 0.582 ms, and it has a higher quantum yield of 0.672. All the results prove that the polymer PM‐Eu can be applied as a red component for fabrication of near UV‐based white light‐emitting diode (LED).
The perspectives of ethanol usage as an internal standard for the quantification of volatile compounds in alcoholic products by GC‐MS
Authors: Korban Anton , Charapitsa Siarhei , Čabala Radomír , Lidia Sobolenko , Sytova Svetlana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe potential use of ethanol as an internal standard (IS) for GC‐MS analysis was studied. The paper describes the analysis of spirit drinks and other alcoholic products which consist of a mixture of water, ethanol, and volatile compounds. In the suggested method, ethanol was employed as an IS for the common procedure of volatile compounds quantification. A number of standard solutions of nine compounds with different concentrations was prepared in a water‐ethanol matrix and measured with GC‐MS in the SIM mode. Two possible approaches were suggested to avoid detector saturation during ethanol detection. The first one consisted in using less abundant m/z 47 as quantifiers. These ions mainly correspond to unfragmented heavy ethanol molecules containing one 13C isotope. The second method consisted in reduction of the voltage of MS electron multiplier. The experiment also included the preparation and subsequent dilution of the standard solution and ethanol with water, which determined the linearity of the modified MS response relative to the ethanol content. Analysis of the obtained results revealed that volatile compounds can be successfully accurately determined with GC‐MS by employing ethanol as an IS. Application of the suggested method is not limited to the reported volatile compounds and alcoholic products.
Commentary: Moment of (Perceived) Truth: Exploring Accuracy of Aha! Experiences
Authors: Webb Margaret E. , Laukkonen Ruben E. , Cropper Simon J. , Little Daniel R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDanek and Salvi (The Journal of Creative Behavior, 1–3, 2018) provide a sound overview of research on the relationship between feelings of aha and the accuracy of problem‐solving solutions. However, there are reasons to be cautious in concluding that a characteristic of insightful solutions is their superior accuracy. A relationship between correct solutions and aha experiences clearly exists in the literature. However, the strength and frequency of aha experiences seem to be variable across individuals and can be manipulated. We provide a brief overview of some literature that challenges the claim that aha experience indicates accurate solutions, particularly, manipulations of aha experiences, metacognitive misattributions and erroneous insights, and dispositions toward insight.
Lumbar and thoracic kinematics during step‐up: Comparison of three‐dimensional angles between patients with chronic low back pain and asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Christe Guillaume , Rochat Valentin , Jolles Brigitte M. , Favre Julien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile alterations in spinal kinematics have been repeatedly observed in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), their exact nature is still unknown. Specifically, there is a need for comprehensive assessments of multisegment spinal angles during daily‐life activities. The purpose of this exploratory study was to characterize three‐dimensional angles at the lower lumbar, upper lumbar, lower thoracic, and upper thoracic joints in CLBP patients and asymptomatic controls during stepping up with three different step heights. Spinal angles of 10 patients with nonspecific CLBP (six males; 38.7 ± 7.2 years old, 22.3 ± 1.6 kg/m2) and 11 asymptomatic individuals (six males; 36.7 ± 5.4 years old, 22.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2) were measured in a laboratory using a camera‐based motion capture system. Seven out of the 12 angle curves had characteristic patterns, leading to the identification of 20 characteristic peaks. Comparing peak amplitudes between groups revealed statistically significantly smaller sagittal‐ and frontal‐plane angles in the patient group at the upper lumbar joint with the two higher steps and at the lower lumbar joint with the higher step. Significantly reduced angles were also observed in sagittal plane at the upper thoracic joint with the two smaller steps. Moreover, a higher number of significant differences between groups was detected with the two higher steps than with the smallest step. In conclusion, this study showed the value of a comprehensive description of spinal angles during step‐up tasks and provided insights into the alterations with CLBP. These preliminary results support prior research suggesting that CLBP rehabilitation should facilitate larger amplitudes of motion during functional activities.
The effect of structural parameters of total hip arthroplasty on polyethylene liner wear behavior: A theoretical model analysis
Authors: Li Guoan , Peng Yun , Zhou Chaochao , Jin Zhongmin , Bedair Hany 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing large femoral heads in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been widely advocated to improve the function and longevity of the components. However, increasing the head size has been shown to accelerate polyethylene liner wear. Few studies have investigated the effect of other important structural parameters (such as polyethylene liner thickness, metal cup size, head‐liner conformity, loading conditions, etc.) on the biomechanical functions of the THAs. In this study, an analytical model was used to evaluate the polyethylene liner wear characteristics of the THAs (defined using a biomechanical wear factor) with various structural parameters of the THAs and loading conditions. For all the THA systems examined in this study, under the same loading conditions, a larger head leads to increasing contact areas, lower contact stresses, and higher biomechanical wear factors. When the head size is fixed, a decrease in the polyethylene liner thickness or a decrease in the head‐liner conformity leads to higher peak contact stresses and smaller contact areas and consequently, lower biomechanical wear factors. This study provides a parametric analysis tool for the optimal design/selection of the THA systems and for prediction of early effects of various structural parameters on the biomechanical function (such as contact stresses) and longevity (such as polyethylene liner wear) of the THA systems.
LakeCC: a tool for efficiently identifying lake basins with application to palaeogeographic reconstructions of North America
Authors: Hinck Sebastian , Gowan Evan J. , Lohmann Gerrit 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAlong the margins of continental ice sheets, lakes formed in isostatically depressed basins during glacial retreat. Their shorelines and extent are sensitive to the ice margin and the glacial history of the region. Proglacial lakes, in turn, also impact the glacial isostatic adjustment due to loading, and ice dynamics by posing a marine‐like boundary condition at the ice margin. In this study we present a tool that efficiently identifies lake basins and the corresponding maximum water level for a given ice sheet and topography reconstruction. This algorithm, called the LakeCC model, iteratively checks the whole map for a set of increasing water levels and fills isolated basins until they overflow into the ocean. We apply it to the present‐day Great Lakes and the results show good agreement (∼1−4%) with measured lake volume and depth. We then apply it to two topography reconstructions of North America between the Last Glacial Maximum and the present. The model successfully reconstructs glacial lakes such as Lake Agassiz, Lake McConnell and the predecessors of the Great Lakes. LakeCC can be used to judge the quality of ice sheet reconstructions. © 2019 The Authors Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Structure of Mixed Reverse Microemulsions Based on Sodium Bis (2‐Ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate and Sodium Cholate
Authors: Tikanadze Irma , Kurtanidze Manoni , Rukhadze Marina , Nanobashvili Ketevan , Toidze Polina , Bezarashvili George , Sigua Ketevan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe microenvironment of water droplets of sodium bis (2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) and sodium cholate mixed reverse microemulsions was studied. Structural changes of water pockets in mixed reverse micelles were investigated by IR spectroscopy. The O‐H stretching vibrational absorption spectra in the region of 3000–3800 cm−1 were fit to three subpeaks with the Monte Carlo method. It was revealed that additives of sodium cholate suppress free water fraction in the water droplets of reverse micelles from 31% to 20% and support rising of bound fraction from 53% to 65%. The binding of optical probe ortho‐nitroaniline to the mixed reverse micelles was determined by UV–visible spectroscopy. It was found that introducing of additives of sodium cholate below its critical micelle concentration (CMC) causes increasing of values of binding constant Kb twice compared with reverse micelles modified with pure water. However, values of the binding constant were reduced 4‐fold at concentrations of sodium cholate higher than its CMC. Electrical conductivity of the reverse mixed micellar solutions (AOT + sodium cholate) was measured. Water‐induced percolation in conductance of mixed reverse microemulsions occurs at a lower value of water/surfactant molar ratio (W) under the influence of sodium cholate, viz. electrical percolation threshold decreases from W = 32 to W = 15. The size of water droplets was estimated with the dynamic light scattering method. It was found that additives of sodium cholate below and higher than the CMC results in increasing and decreasing of hydrodynamic diameters of the water droplets, respectively, but sizes of water droplets decrease at concentrations of sodium cholate higher than its CMC.
Staging and clinical correlations of lymphoscintigraphy for unilateral gynecological cancer–related lymphedema
Authors: Pappalardo Marco , Lin Chieh , Ho Olivia A. , Kuo Chang‐Fu , Lin Chia‐Yu , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study was to investigate the lymphoscintigraphy findings for the diagnosis and severity in unilateral gynecological cancer–related lymphedema (GCRL) and to correlate lymphoscintigraphy stages with the clinical findings.MethodsPatients with unilateral GCRL who underwent lymphoscintigraphy were staged using the presence of ileo‐inguinal lymph nodes, distal‐lymphatic ducts, and dermal backflow findings. Taiwan Lymphoscintigraphy Staging (TLS) was divided into three patterns and seven stages: normal drainage (L‐0); partial obstruction (P‐1, P‐2, and P‐3); and total obstruction (T4, T‐5, and T‐6). Correlations between clinical lymphedema severity and TLS were evaluated using analysis of variance and multivariable linear regression analyses.ResultsA total of 141 patients with unilateral GCRL were divided as follows: 6 (4.3%) in normal drainage, 56 (39.7%) in partial‐obstruction, and 79 (56%) in total obstruction. Cellulitis episodes, circumferential difference, and computed tomography (CT) volumetric difference were shown to be statistically different between TLS stages (P < .001 for all). Total obstruction stages were the most significant factors associated with the severity of circumferential difference (β = 19.72, 25.54, 32.42, respectively; P < .05) and CT volumetric difference (β = 36.04, 45.12, 52.78, respectively; P < .01).ConclusionsTotal lymphatic obstruction was present in 56% of unilateral GCGL. Lymphoscintigraphy stages were statistically correlated with episodes of cellulitis, circumferential difference and CT volumetric difference in unilateral GCRL.
Hepatic Microwave Ablation–Induced Tumor Destruction and Animal End Point Survival Can Be Improved by Suppression of Heat Shock Protein 90
Authors: Zhai Hong‐yan , Zhou Qun‐fang , Dou Jian‐ping , Liu Fang‐yi , Zhu Xin‐yuan , Yu Jie , Liang Ping 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) modulation on tumor necrosis, apoptosis, tumor growth delay, and end point survival by combining microwave ablation (MWA) with an HSP90 inhibitor in a nude mouse model.MethodsThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Forty mice with HepG2 subcutaneous xenograft tumors (10 ± 1 mm) were randomized into 4 groups: (1) no treatment, (2) MWA only, (3) the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib only, and (4) ganetespib combined with MWA. Tumors were harvested 24 hours after treatment, and gross coagulation diameters were measured. The effect of ganetespib on HSP90 and caspase 3 expression in the periablational rim was assessed. Another 40 mice with the same tumors and groupings were observed after treatment. Tumor growth curve and Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses were performed with a tumor diameter of 2.2 cm and 40 days of survival as the defined survival end points.ResultsCombination treatment significantly increased the coagulation size compared to tumors treated with MWA or ganetespib alone (P < 0.05). The combination of MWA and ganetespib decreased HSP90 expression and increased cleaved caspase 3 expression 24 hours after treatment. Compared with MWA or ganetespib only, combination treatment could lengthen the end point survival and reduce the tumor growth rate.ConclusionsModulation of HSP production can improve MWA‐induced tumor apoptosis and destruction, reduce residual tumor growth rates, and prolong end point survival.