bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diplopia Following the Insertion of a Canalicular Bypass Tube: Etiology, Risk Factors, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Bladen John C. , Mombaerts Ilse , Kakizaki Hirohiko , McNab Alan A. , Norris Jonathan H. , Verity David , DeAngelis Dan D. , Ataullah Sajid M. , McCormick Austin G. , Parkin Ben , Patel Bhupendra C. K. , Morley Ana M. S. , Rose Geoffrey E. , Malhotra Raman 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To report the etiology, management, and possible risk factors for diplopia after canalicular bypass surgery.

Methods:
A multicenter retrospective, noncomparative case series of patients who developed diplopia following canalicular bypass surgery were assessed.

Results:
Twenty-four cases of diplopia were identified across 12 institutions. Tubes were inserted as a primary procedure with external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) (1; 4%) or without DCR (10; 42%) or as a secondary procedure after external (8; 33%) or endonasal (5; 21%) DCR. Factors predisposing to local damage were noted in 17 (71%): these factors included preexisting autoimmune/inflammatory condition (7 cases), medial canthal tumor resection (5 cases), preoperative radiotherapy (2 cases), 2 drug treatments (topical and systemic), and 1 local surgery. Horizontal diplopia was due to restriction of abduction and first noted at a median of 3.5 months (mean: 17.8 months, range: 1 day to 112 months) and persisted in 23 (96%) cases with a mean restriction of −2, affecting primary gaze in 4 patients and activities of daily living in 13 (42%). Seventeen patients received various treatments: 10 were operated on resulting in cure in 1 and improvement in 9. A stable degree of diplopia persisted in all but one patient.

Conclusions:
Restriction of abduction causing horizontal diplopia is a rare complication with canalicular bypass surgery and a notably high proportion occurred after tube placement without DCR; carunculectomy was not ubiquitous. Although in some the diplopia may be improved with intervention, the chance of cure is low. This complication should probably be included during informed consent for canalicular bypass tubes.
Prognostic Factors for Orbital Exenteration, Local Recurrence, Metastasis, and Death From Disease in Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: El-Hadad Christian , Rubin Maria Laura , Nagarajan Priya , Ford Joshua Richard , Xu Shiqiong , Ning Jing , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
Information regarding risk of metastasis and disease-related death (DD) from conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is relatively scarce. We explored prognostic factors for orbital exenteration, local recurrence, nodal metastasis, and DD in patients with conjunctival SCC.

Design:
Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods:
All consecutive patients with conjunctival SCC treated by the senior author at MD Anderson Cancer Center during1999–2018 were included. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and survival differences were assessed using 2-sided log-rank tests.

Results:
The study included 44 patients (24 men, 20 women); median age was 64 years (range, 40–90). T categories at presentation were as follows: Tis, 20 patients; T2, 8; T3, 9; and T4, 7. Eighteen patients (41%) had tumors exclusively in the bulbar conjunctiva; 26(59%) had nonbulbar conjunctival involvement. The median follow-up time was 29.2 months (95% CI: 21.8–44.3). Orbital exenteration was performed in 10 cases (23%) and was associated with T3 or more advanced disease at presentation (p < 0.001). Seven patients developed local recurrence during follow up. History of organ transplant correlated with local recurrence and orbital exenteration (p < 0.01). Nodal metastasis was present in 1 patient at presentation and occurred in 3 patients during follow up, for an overall nodal metastasis rate of 9% (4/44). By end of follow up, 2 patients had died of disease, 4 had died of other causes, and 38 were alive with no evidence of disease. The results suggest that both orbital exenteration and nodal metastasis are independent variables associated with DD.

Conclusions:
In patients with conjunctival SCC, orbital exenteration and nodal metastasis are associated with DD and organ transplantation is associated with orbital exenteration.
Air Bubble Test Versus Endoscopic Jones I Test in Assessment of Anatomical and Functional Success After Diode Laser Transcanalicular Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Feijó Eduardo Damous , Alves Caixeta Juliana , Matayoshi Suzana 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To compare the accuracy and positive predictive values of the air bubble test (ABT) and endoscopic Jones I test for assessment of anatomical and functional success after diode laser transcanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy (T-DCR).

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 60 eyes of 56 patients who underwent T-DCR by a single surgical team from January 2016 to December 2018. All the 56 patients (60 eyes) underwent lacrimal syringing, endoscopic Jones I test, and ABT. Anatomical success was considered as a free passage of fluid with no reflux on the irrigation test. Functional success was defined as the resolution or improvement of epiphora (Munk score of 0 or 1). The results of irrigation test, endoscopic Jones I test, and ABT were used to calculate the accuracy and positive predictive values (PPVs) of ABT and endoscopic Jones I test for assessment of anatomical and functional success (Munk score of 0 or 1) after T-DCR. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical evaluations were performed using SPSS software.

Results:
There were 60 T-DCR procedures in 56 patients (82.1% women; 46 patients) with a mean age of 56.4 years (standard deviation: 15.7; range from 29 to 92). The mean follow up was 8.1 months. Overall anatomical and functional success rates were 83.3% (50/60) and 73.3% (44/60), respectively. The PPV of endoscopic Jones I test in anatomical success and functional success was 100% and 88%, respectively. The accuracy of this test in anatomical and functional success was 100% and 81.25%, respectively. The PPV of ABT in anatomical success and functional success was 100% and 90.4%, respectively. The accuracy of this test in anatomical and functional success was 92% and 80.65%, respectively.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, both endoscopic Jones I test and ABT showed PPV of 100% to detect anatomical success after T-DCR; the endoscopic Jones I test and ABT had 88% and 90.4% of PPV on evaluation of functional success, respectively. Both tests showed good accuracy in the assessment of anatomical and functional success after T-DCR. These outcomes may indicate that ABT could substitute Jones I test on postoperative DCR assessment.
Nanodiamond-based microRNA delivery system promotes pluripotent stem cells toward myocardiogenic reprogramming
Authors: Liu Chao-Yu , Lee Ming-Cheng , Lin Heng-Fu , Lin Yi-Ying , Lai Wei-Yi , Chien Yueh , Huo Teh-Ia , Lo Wen-Liang , Lan Yuan-Tzu , Chen Yi-Wei , Huang Pin-I , Liu Yong-Yang , Yang Meng-Yin 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Gene therapy is the advanced therapeutics for supplying or replacing the genetic material in patients with inherited disorders. Recent clinical studies have made some progress in a wide range of applications, including monogenic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, malignant tumors, and congenital diseases. Heart diseases, especially myocardial ischemia, remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and usually result in irreparable cardiomyocyte damage and severe heart failure.

Methods:
Most advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies for promoting regenerative medicine and stem cell research. However, the driver molecules of myocardial-lineage differentiation and the functional reconstruction capacity of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are still an open question. Nanomedicine-based gene delivery provided a crucial platform to carry on the biogenomic materials for equipping functionalities and engineering the living organ environment. Nanodiamond (ND), a carbon-based nanomaterial, has been discovered and shown the high biocompatible and less toxicity for transporting protein, drug, and genomic plasmids.

Results:
Here, we applied ND as a gene delivery vehicle to carry microRNA (miR-181a), and then transfected into iPS to promote cardiomyocyte-lineage differentiation. Notably, miR-181a plays a key role in iPS-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation which directly targets Hox-A11, leading to elevated MyoD expression and enhanced cardiomyocyte differentiation.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated that miR-181a promotes iPSC differentiation into functional cardiomyocytes. Delivery of NANO-DIAMOND-miR-181a may host clinical potential to enhance the differentiation and recovery of the cardiogenic function in injured cardiomyocytes.
Genetic susceptibility to fungal infection in children
Authors: Ochoa Sebastian , Constantine Gregory M. , Lionakis Michail S. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
Fungal infections have steadily increased in incidence, emerging as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with iatrogenic immunosuppression. Simultaneously, we have witnessed a growing population of newly described inherited immune disorders that have enhanced our understanding of the human immune response against fungi. In the present review, we provide an overview and diagnostic roadmap to inherited disorders which confer susceptibility to superficial and invasive fungal infections.

Recent findings
Inborn errors of fungal immunity encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders, some of which confer fungal infection-specific susceptibility, whereas others also feature broader infection vulnerability and/or noninfectious manifestations. Infections by Candida, Aspergillus, endemic dimorphic fungi, Pneumocystis, and dermatophytes along with their organ-specific presentations provide clinicians with important clues in the assessment of patients with suspected immune defects.

Summary
The absence of iatrogenic risk factors should raise suspicion for inborn errors of immunity in children and young adults with recurrent or severe fungal diseases. Expeditious diagnosis and prompt initiation of antifungal therapy and management of complications are paramount to achieve remission of fungal disease in the setting of primary immunodeficiency disorders.
Changing the Paradigm: Lymphovenous Anastomosis in Advanced Stage Lower Extremity Lymphedema
Authors: Cha Han Gyu , Oh Tea Min , Cho Min-Jeong , Pak Chang Sik John , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Jeon Jae Yong , Hong Joon Pio 
Published: October 2020

Background:Traditionally, lymphovenous anastomosis is not routinely performed in patients with advanced stage lymphedema because of difficulty with identifying functioning lymphatics. This study presents the use of duplex ultrasound and magnetic resonance lymphangiography to identify functional lymphatics and reports the clinical outcome of lymphovenous anastomosis in advanced stage lower extremity lymphedema patients.Methods:This was a retrospective study of 42 patients (50 lower limbs) with advanced lymphedema (late stage 2 or 3) that underwent functional lymphovenous anastomoses. Functional lymphatic vessels were identified preoperatively using magnetic resonance lymphangiography and duplex ultrasound.Results:An average of 4.64 lymphovenous anastomoses were performed per limb using the lymphatics located in the deep fat underneath the superficial fascia. The average diameter of lymphatic vessels was 0.61 mm (range, 0.35 to 1 mm). The average limb volume was reduced 14.0 percent postoperatively, followed by 15.2 percent after 3 months, and 15.5 percent after 6 months and 1 year (p< 0.001). For patients with unilateral lymphedema, 32.4 percent had less than 10 percent volume excess compared to the contralateral side postoperatively, whereas 20.5 percent had more than 20 percent volume excess. The incidence of cellulitis decreased from 0.84 per year to 0.07 per year after surgery (p< 0.001).Conclusion:This study shows that functioning lymphatic vessels can be identified preoperatively using ultrasound and magnetic resonance lymphangiography; thus, lymphovenous anastomoses can effectively reduce the volume of the limb and improve subjective symptoms in patients with advanced stage lymphedema of the lower extremity.CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Therapeutic, IV.
Evaluation of Automated Video Monitoring to Decrease the Risk of Unattended Bed Exits in Small Rural Hospitals
Authors: Jones Katherine J. , Haynatzki Gleb , Sabalka Lucas 
Published: October 2020

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using 1 to 4 mobile or fixed automated video monitoring systems (AVMSs) to decrease the risk of unattended bed exits (UBEs) as antecedents to unassisted falls among patients at high risk for falls and fall-related injuries in 15 small rural hospitals.

Methods
We compared UBE rates and fall rates during baseline (5 months in which patient movement was recorded but nurses did not receive alerts) and intervention phases (2 months in which nurses received alerts). We determined lead time (seconds elapsed from the first alert because of patient movement until 3 seconds after an UBE) during baseline and positive predictive value and sensitivity during intervention.

Results
Age and fall risk were negatively associated with the baseline patient rate of UBEs/day. From baseline to intervention: in 9 hospitals primarily using mobile systems, UBEs/day decreased from 0.84 to 0.09 (89%); in 5 hospitals primarily using fixed systems, UBEs/day increased from 0.43 to 3.18 (649%) as patients at low risk for falls were observed safely exiting the bed; and among 13 hospitals with complete data, total falls/1000 admissions decreased from 8.83 to 5.53 (37%), and injurious falls/1000 admissions decreased from 2.52 to 0.55 (78%). The median lead time of the AVMS was 28.5 seconds, positive predictive value was nearly 60%, and sensitivity was 97.4%.

Conclusions
Use of relatively few AVMSs may allow nurses to adaptively manage UBEs as antecedents to unassisted falls and fall-related injuries in small rural hospitals. Additional research is needed in larger hospitals to better understand the effectiveness of AVMSs.
Prolonged infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics for Gram-negative infections: rationale and evidence base
Authors: Abdul-Aziz Mohd H. , Portunato Federica , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to discuss the rationale of and current evidence for prolonged beta-lactam infusion in the management of Gram-negative infections.

Recent findings
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data from various in-vitro and in-vivo experimental studies conclusively support prolonged infusion over intermittent infusion in terms of achieving effective beta-lactam exposure for maximal bacterial killing. Superior PK/PD target attainment has been demonstrated with prolonged beta-lactam infusion in patient populations that are more likely to have less susceptible Gram-negative infections. These populations include critically ill patients, cystic fibrosis patients and patients with malignant diseases. The clinical impact of prolonged beta-lactam infusion is likely to be the greatest in these patient groups: critically ill patients with a high level of illness severity who are not receiving renal replacement therapy; patients with nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli infection and patients with respiratory infection. Critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance may not achieve effective beta-lactam exposure even with the use of prolonged infusion. Maximizing the effectiveness of prolonged beta-lactam infusion via therapeutic drug monitoring is becoming a more common strategy in the management of critically ill patients with Gram-negative infection.

Summary
Prolonged beta-lactam infusion may not benefit all patients but only for those who are critically ill and/or immunocompromised, who are also more likely to have less susceptible Gram-negative infections.
Prospective Evaluation of Daily and Weekly Urine pH Variations Along With Diet Intake in Postmenopausal Women With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Chavez Jacqueline A. , Chavez Juliann M. , Kuprasertkul Amy , Carroll Timothy F. , Fuentes Jorge L. , Christie Alana L. , Alhalabi Feras , Zimmern Philippe E. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives
Acidic urine pH may be protective against recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs). After reviewing the literature, we primarily analyzed urine pH fluctuations and secondarily compared them with diet in older women with RUTIs.

Methods
After IRB approval, postmenopausal women with documented RUTIs were enrolled. Participants were given preformatted charts to record urinalysis reagent strips (Medimpex) findings 4 times per day and concomitant food/beverage intake (food diary). Urine cultures at baseline ensured no infection during measurement period. Nutrient content reported in food diaries was analyzed by an experienced registered dietitian and compared with parallel fluctuations in urine pH.

Results
Of 26 women with median age of 72 years (55–86 years), the first 3 days of diet and urine pH recordings found that 17 (65%) of 26 exhibited urine pH variation greater than 1 unit, with an overall median of 6 (5–9). Comparing dietary analysis and urine pH changes, beta-carotene (P = 0.017) and total dietary sugar intake (P = 0.036) were associated with a decrease in urine pH, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids (MFA, 22:1, P = 0.023) and protein (P = 0.028) were associated with an increase in urine pH.

Conclusions
In this real-life, observational study, 65% of older women with RUTIs exhibited notable changes in urine pH, with decreased urine pH associated with nutrients found in orange and yellow vegetables and several major food groups. A longitudinal study is needed to determine if changing an individual’s diet and/or adding supplements could decrease the urine pH, thus affecting the rate of RUTIs.
A high fat anti-inflammatory diet improves widespread allodynia despite worsening metabolic outcomes in adult mice exposed to neonatal maternal separation
Authors: Eller Olivia C. , Foright Rebecca M. , Brake Aaron D. , Winter Michelle K. , Bantis Leonidas E. , Morris E. Matthew , Thyfault John P. , Christianson Julie A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInflammation plays a key role in the progression and maintenance of chronic pain, which impacts the lives of millions of Americans. Despite growing evidence that chronic pain can be improved by treating underlying inflammation, successful treatments are lacking and pharmaceutical interventions are limited due to drug side effects. Here we are testing whether an anti-inflammatory diet (AID) containing a combination of key anti-inflammatory compounds, at clinically relevant doses, improves pain-like behaviors in a preclinical model of chronic widespread hypersensitivity induced by neonatal maternal separation (NMS). Our results demonstrate a benefit of the AID on pain-like behaviors, despite the diet being high in fat, which led to increased caloric intake, adiposity, and weight gain. The AID specifically increased measures of metabolic syndrome and inflammation in female mice, compared to an isocaloric, macronutrient-matched diet lacking the anti-inflammatory compounds. Male mice, especially those exposed to NMS, were equally susceptible to both diets worsening metabolic measures. This work highlights important sexual dimorphic outcomes related to early life stress exposure and dietary interventions, as well as a potential disconnect between improvements in pain-like behaviors and metabolic measures.
Adult spiny mice (Acomys) exhibit endogenous cardiac recovery in response to myocardial infarction
Authors: Peng Hsuan , Shindo Kazuhiro , Donahue Renée R. , Gao Erhe , Ahern Brooke M. , Levitan Bryana M. , Tripathi Himi , Powell David , Noor Ahmed , Satin Jonathan , Seifert Ashley W. , Abdel-Latif Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractComplex tissue regeneration is extremely rare among adult mammals. An exception, however, is the superior tissue healing of multiple organs in spiny mice (Acomys). WhileAcomysspecies exhibit the remarkable ability to heal complex tissue with minimal scarring, little is known about their cardiac structure and response to cardiac injury. In this study, we first examined baselineAcomyscardiac anatomy and function in comparison with the commonly used laboratoryMusstrains (C57BL6 and SWR). Our results demonstrated comparable cardiac anatomy and function betweenAcomysandMus, butAcomysexhibited a higher percentage of cardiomyocytes exhibiting immature characteristics. In response to myocardial infarction, all animals experienced a comparable level of initial cardiac damage. However,Acomysdemonstrated superior ischemic tolerance and cytoprotection in response to injury as evidenced by cardiac functional stabilization, higher survival rate and smaller scar size 50 days after injury compared to the inbred and outbred mouse strains. Overall, these findings demonstrate augmented myocardial preservation in spiny mice post-MI and establishAcomysas a new adult mammalian model for cardiac research.
A Convolutional Auto-Encoder for Haplotype Assembly and Viral Quasispecies Reconstruction
Authors: Ke Ziqi , Vikalo Haris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHaplotype assembly and viral quasispecies reconstruction are challenging tasks concerned with analysis of genomic mixtures using sequencing data. High-throughput sequencing technologies generate enormous amounts of short fragments (reads) which essentially oversample components of a mixture; the representation redundancy enables reconstruction of the components (haplotypes, viral strains). The reconstruction problem, known to be NP-hard, boils down to grouping together reads originating from the same component in a mixture. Existing methods struggle to solve this problem with required level of accuracy and low runtimes; the problem is becoming increasingly more challenging as the number and length of the components increase. This paper proposes a read clustering method based on a convolutional auto-encoder designed to first project sequenced fragments to a low-dimensional space and then estimate the probability of the read origin using learned embedded features. The components are reconstructed by finding consensus sequences that agglomerate reads from the same origin. Mini-batch stochastic gradient descent and dimension reduction of reads allow the proposed method to efficiently deal with massive numbers of long reads. Experiments on simulated, semi-experimental and experimental data demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to accurately reconstruct haplotypes and viral quasispecies, often demonstrating superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.