bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex coacervation of pea albumin‐pectin and ovalbumin‐pectin assessed by isothermal titration calorimeter and turbidimetry
Authors: Pillai Prasanth KS , Guldiken Burcu , Nickerson Michael T 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigates the complexation of a pea albumin‐rich fraction and ovalbumin with pectin of different degrees of esterification (DE) and blockiness (DB) as a function of pH and biopolymer mixing ratio by turbidimetric titration and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).RESULTSTurbidimetric analysis found maximum complexation occurred at a mixing ratio of 4:1 for pea albumin with high methoxy pectin, 8:1 for pea albumin with low methoxy pectin, and 8:1 for ovalbumin with low methoxy pectin. In the case of ovalbumin with high methoxy pectin, interactions were very weak. The pectin with high levels of esterification and blockiness displayed greater interactions with the pea albumin in both turbidimetry and ITC. However, low methoxy pectin imparted better interactions with ovalbumin and displayed higher optical density values than high methoxy pectin.CONCLUSIONSThe current study indicated that the different thermodynamic parameters of PA‐pectin complexes can be tuned by controlling the structural characteristics (DB, DE, and d‐galacturonic acid) of the pectin. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A chemometric approach to characterize the aroma of selected brown and red edible seaweeds / extracts
Authors: Vilar Elena Garicano , O'Sullivan Maurice G , Kerry Joseph P , Kilcawley Kieran N 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDInformation pertaining to the aromatic profile of seaweeds and seaweed extracts can provide evidence regarding their potential suitability as ingredients in processed foods. To date only limited material has been available on the volatile profiles of some seaweed species. Others in this study have not previously been described. The volatile profiles of dried brown (Himanthalia elongata, Undaria pinnatifida, Alaria esculenta) and red (Porphyra umbilicalis, Palmaria palmata) seaweeds, and a brown seaweed extract (fucoxanthin) from Laminaria japonica were investigated using a chemometric approach to collate data from volatile gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS), direct sensory aroma evaluation, and gas‐chromatography – olfactometry (GC‐O) to obtain a better understanding of their volatile profile and sensory perception.RESULTSMore than 100 volatile compounds were identified by static headspace solid phase micro‐extraction (HS‐SPME) and thermal desorption gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (TD GC–MS). Brown seaweeds were characterized by ‘grassy/herbal/floral’, ‘fruity’, and ‘fatty’ aromas, red seaweeds by ‘green/vegetable’, ‘mushroom/earthy’ and ‘sweet/buttery’ aromas, and the fucoxanthin extract by ‘rancid’ and ‘nutty’ aromas with an overall lower intensity. Heptanal appeared to be a major odor‐active compound in all samples. Other volatiles were more characteristic of each individual seaweed: hexanal, (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienal and 2‐pentylfuran for H. elongata; ethyl butanoate and 2,3‐butanedione for U. pinnatifida; 6‐dimethylpyrazine, (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienal and sulactone for P. palmata; 1‐octen‐3‐ol for P. umbilicalis, heptanone for A. esculenta, and 2‐furanmethanol for fucoxanthin.ConclusionBrown and red seaweeds had distinct sensory properties with individual seaweeds having differing volatiles and odorants. This study provides additional information that can contribute to the development of products incorporating dried seaweeds / extracts that are more acceptable to the consumer. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The largest multicentre data collection on prepectoral breast reconstruction: The iBAG study
Authors: Masià Jaume ,   iBAG Working Group
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn the last years, prepectoral breast reconstruction has increased its popularity, becoming a standard reconstructive technique by preserving pectoralis major anatomy and functionality. Nevertheless, the lack of solid and extensive data negatively impacts on surgeons’ correct information about postoperative complication rates and proper patient selection. This study aims to collect the largest evidence on this procedure.MethodsA multicentre retrospective audit, promoted by the Barcelona Hospital, collected the experience of 30 centers on prepectoral breast reconstruction with Braxon ADM. The study had the scientific support of INPECS and IIB societies which provided the online database Clinapsis.ResultsA total of 1450 procedures were retrospectively collected in a 6‐year period. Mean age 52.4 years, BMI 23.9, follow‐up 22.7 months. Reconstruction was carried out after a tumor in 77.1% of the cases, 20.1% had prophylactic surgery, 2.8% had revisions. Diabetes, smoke, and immunosuppression had an influence on complications occurrence, as well as implant weight. Capsular contracture was associated with postoperative radiotherapy, but the overall rate was low (2.1%). Complications led to implant loss in 6.5% of the cases.ConclusionsThe international Braxon Audit Group multicentre data collection represents a milestone in the field of breast reconstruction, extensively improving the knowledge on this procedure.
Unseen Costs: The Direct and Indirect Impact of U.S. Immigration Policies on Child and Adolescent Health and Well‐Being
Authors: Mattingly T. Joseph , Kiser Laurel , Hill Sherika , Briggs Ernestine C. , Trunzo Carrie Purbeck , Zafari Zafar , Betancourt Theresa S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShifts in migration and border control policies may increase the likelihood of trauma exposure related to child–parent separation and result in costs to the health system and society. In the present study, we estimated direct and indirect costs per child as well as overall cohort costs of border control policies on migrant children and adolescents who were separated from their parents, detained, and placed in the custody of the United States following the implementation of the 2018 Zero Tolerance Policy. Economic modeling techniques, including a Markov process and Monte Carlo simulation, based on data from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network's Core Data Set (N = 458 migrant youth) and published studies were used to estimate economic costs associated with three immigration policies: No Detention, Family Detention, and Zero Tolerance. Clinical evaluation data on mental health symptoms and disorders were used to estimate the initial health state and risks associated with additional trauma exposure for each scenario. The total direct and indirect costs per child were conservatively estimated at $33,008, $33,790, and $34,544 after 5 years for No Detention, Family Detention, and Zero Tolerance, respectively. From a health system perspective, annual estimated spending increases ranged from $1.5 million to $14.9 million for Family Detention and $2.8 million to $29.3 million for Zero Tolerance compared to baseline spending under the No Detention scenario. Border control policies that increase the likelihood of child and adolescent trauma exposure are not only morally troubling but may also create additional economic concerns in the form of direct health care costs and indirect societal costs.
Fetal Heart Diameter as a Predictor of Hemoglobin Bart Disease at Midpregnancy
Authors: Nattawongsiri Chinapa , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Tongsong Theera 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of the fetal heart diameter (HD) in predicting fetal hemoglobin (Hb) Bart disease at midpregnancy.MethodsVideo clips of fetal chest ultrasound examinations performed on fetuses at risk of Hb Bart disease at 18 to 22 weeks' gestation were randomly retrieved from our video clip database. The clips were replayed for fetal HD measurements, and the measured HDs were converted to z scores based on the z score model as a function of biparietal diameter. An HD z score greater than 2 or an actual HD value above the 95th percentile for gestational age was used as a cutoff in predicting Hb Bart disease. The best cutoff value of HD for identifying affected fetuses during midpregnancy was also evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsA total of 90 video clips, including 37 affected and 53 unaffected fetuses, were measured. An HD z score greater than 2 had sensitivity of 94.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.8%–99.3%) and specificity of 84.9% (95% CI, 72.4%–93.3%). An actual HD value above the 95th percentile for gestational age had sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 90.5%–100%) and specificity of 69.8% (95% CI, 55.7%–81.7%). The best cutoff values of the HD z score and actual HD value were 2.27 (with sensitivity of 94.6% and specificity of 88.7%) and 18.15 mm (with sensitivity of 91.9% and specificity of 77.4%), respectively.ConclusionsThe fetal HD is highly effective in predicting fetal Hb Bart disease among fetuses at risk at midpregnancy. Both the HD z score and the actual value can be used for noninvasive prenatal screening of fetal cardiomegaly in clinical practice.
Insurance Status as a Predictor of Treatment in Human Papillomavirus Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Berger Michael H. , Yasaka Tyler M. , Haidar Yarah M. , Kuan Edward C. , Tjoa Tjoson 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is well known. Locally advanced, HPV‐positive OPC (HPV OPC) can be treated with either chemoradiation or primary surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. Head and neck cancer patients with government insurance or uninsured have been shown to have worse prognosis than similar patients with private insurance. In this study, we aimed to determine if insurance status would predict treatment modality in patients with HPV OPC.Study DesignA retrospective analysis using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsThe National Cancer Database was used to identify patients with HPV OPC who underwent primary surgery or primary chemoradiation from 2010–2015. Insurance status was categorized as government, private, or no insurance. The relationship between insurance status and treatment was investigated using Chi square and multivariate regression models. Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed comparing overall survival (OS) by insurance status.ResultsThere were 10,606 patients were included. There was a statistically significant correlation between insurance status and primary treatment modality for HPV OPC (P < .001). Patients with government insurance were 19.3% less likely to undergo surgery and uninsured patients were 36.9% less likely to undergo primary surgery when compared to those with private insurance (P < .001), even after correcting for TNM stage in multivariate analysis. There was an improved 5‐year OS for patients with private insurance (86.6%) versus both government insurance (68.4%) and no insurance (69.9%) (P < .001).ConclusionsPatients with private insurance are more likely to undergo primary surgery in HPV OPC and have improved overall survival.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:776–781, 2021
The pleasure of sharing: Can social context make healthy food more appealing?
Authors: Maldoy Katrien , De Backer Charlotte J. S. , Poels Karolien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates whether healthy food can be made more appealing by looking at the pleasure induced by the social context in which food is eaten (eating alone, eating together, or sharing food), assuming that pleasure affects food appeal. Whereas unhealthy food is often considered a source of pleasure, healthy food is not. The pleasure induced in images portraying healthy food may depend on the social context in which the food is eaten. Based on evolutionary associations of sharing food and social interaction with pleasure, we expected that eating together induces more pleasure than eating alone and that sharing food induces more pleasure than eating together. Two between‐subject experiments with a 3 (context: eating alone, eating together, or sharing food) × 2 (healthfulness: healthy or unhealthy) design were conducted across various age groups and food types. Results indicate that images in which healthy food is shared induce more pleasure than images in which healthy food is eaten alone, making the food involved more appealing. Pleasurable imagery of healthy food being shared therefore seems to hold promise as a strategy to promote healthy eating through public service or commercial advertising.
Ionic conductivity of protonated layered titanate nano‐powder compact in water
Authors: Nomura Munemitsu , Vediyappan Veeramani , Lai Qiwen , Terayama Yuki , Fujisaki Takaya , Eguchi Hiroto , Yamauchi Miho , Sone Yoshitsugu , Mendoza Omar , Matsuda Junko , Satokawa Shigeo , Matsumoto Hiroshige 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that nano‐powder of a layered protonated titanate (H2Ti2O5·H2O; LPT) compound exhibits a significant proton conductivity. The conductivity was measured on the compact of the un‐milled/milled powder and it reached higher than 10−2 S cm−1 at 95°C in water in the milled case. The increase in conductivity of LPT after bead milling along with the thermogravimetric and surface area analysis suggested that the protonic conduction takes place on the surface of the nanoparticles in contact with water.
Indigenous food harvesting as social–ecological monitoring: A case study with the Gitga'at First Nation
Authors: Thompson Kim‐Ly , Hill Cameron , Ojeda Jaime , Ban Natalie C. , Picard Chris R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndigenous peoples have been monitoring and managing the natural resources in their homelands and waters for millennia. Meanwhile, social–ecological systems thinkers are embracing the capacity of Indigenous knowledge systems, which are informed by land‐based practices, to inform adaptive management.Following the collaborative design of a community‐based social–ecological monitoring system over two traditional seafood harvesting seasons, we conducted a conceptual framework analysis of meeting notes and interview transcripts with Gitga'at harvesters and knowledge holders to discern how Gitga'at people monitor their territory and what indicators they focus on.An interconnected set of social–ecological concepts and indicators emerged, evidencing an intrinsic part of Gitga'at life: Gitga'at harvesters closely monitor their coastal social–ecological system through ongoing land‐ and sea‐based practices.The conceptual framework highlights the importance of maintaining and revitalizing Indigenous knowledge and harvesting practices to inform social–ecological monitoring and adaptive management at local and broader scales.Amidst discussions of marine and coastal resource co‐management in British Columbia, our results also suggest opportunities for scientific approaches to situate themselves within and support existing Indigenous frameworks and priorities.This research also adds to the discussion on the development of appropriate regional and global indicators and frameworks to monitor the resilience of social–ecological systems.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Cultural patterns in autobiographical memory of childhood: Comparison of Chinese, Russian, and Uzbek samples
Authors: V. Nourkova Veronika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the present study, I examined whether the regular patterns of variables that referred to mental representation of the entire childhood in young adults might be associated with the different types of cultural selves proposed by Kagitcibasi's model of family change. In this model, three types of cultural selves (heteronomous‐related self, autonomous‐separated self, and autonomous‐related self) are merged with culturally specific styles of parenting and childhood experience. Chinese, Russian, and Uzbekistani participants (N= 439) visualized their childhood on timelines. The exploratory factor analysis suggested a three‐factor solution. Factor 1 combined memories of achievements and vicarious memories; that is, memories representing events that happened to other people. In my point of view, in contrast to “we‐memories,” vicarious memories portray a readiness to view other people as a valuable part of one's own life, but in the context of well‐defined self‐boundaries. Therefore, they denote the kind of relatedness which does not contradict autonomy. Because Factor 1 was found to be the most articulated in the Chinese sample, it was linked to the autonomous‐related self, with the focus on directive function of autobiographical memory. Factor 2 was composed of the abundance of recollections, the early age of first memory, and prolonged childhood. Due to the highest scores being achieved on Factor 2 in the Russian sample, it was attributed to the autonomous‐separated self, employing predominantly a self‐reflective function of autobiographical memory. Factor 3 consisted of memories of attending social groups, positive emotional bias, and a tendency to mention one's own birth. Taking into account that the Uzbeks achieved the highest scores on this factor, it was interpreted as a mnemonic database of a heteronomous‐related self, predominantly associated with social bonding and emotion regulation functions. Taken together, the findings highlight the assumption that childhood memories reveal a cultural self.
FDA postmarketing safety labeling changes: What have we learned since 2010 about impacts on prescribing rates, drug utilization, and treatment outcomes
Authors: Rosenberg Matthew , Sheehan Sarah , Zhou Esther , Pinnow Ellen , Burnell Jessica , Romine Morgan , Dal Pan Gerald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposePrior literature reviews have identified gaps in understanding of how postmarketing safety labeling changes and related FDA communications impact key clinical and behavioral outcomes. We conducted a review of newly published studies on this topic to determine what new evidence exists and to identify which gaps may still remain. We believe that this information can support FDA as it develops and implements future risk communication approaches.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Embase for studies published between January 1, 2010, and August 7, 2017 that examined the impact of labeling changes or associated FDA safety‐related communications. For each study, we extracted information on research design and findings for key clinical outcomes and behaviors. We also conducted a ROBINS‐I review to identify potential for bias in the research design of each study.ResultsWe found that the estimated impacts of FDA labeling changes on several key outcomes—including adverse events—varied. Labeling changes also yielded unintended consequences on drug prescribing in some cases, despite low provider adherence. Finally, some studies we reviewed exhibited potential for bias due to confounding, among other factors.ConclusionsThe new studies we reviewed contain many of the same limitations identified in previously published reviews. While there are several challenges to conducting this research there is substantial room for improvement in the quality of the evidence base. More information, particularly with respect to the types of populations and medications affected by labeling changes, is needed to support the development of more effective and targeted safety communications.
Exploring the heavy metal ion sequestration ability of gum copal‐collagen hybrid based interpenetrating polymer network: Kinetics, isotherms, and biodegradation studies
Authors: Kaur Savneet , Jindal Rajeev 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, gum copal‐collagen hybrid based interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) [(GcA‐coll)‐cl‐poly(AAm‐ip‐AA)] has been used as a green adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from waste water. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 9 h and pseudo‐second‐order model was found to be the closest fit to the kinetic adsorption data. Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was found to closely match with the sorption behavior of Pb(II) and Cd(II). The reaction parameters like initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and the reaction time were optimized to get the hydrogel with maximum metal ion removal capacity (91.65% for Pb(II) and 95% for Cd(II)). The maximum percentage biodegradation of IPN was 80.25% by the compositing method. This IPN is an efficient, low cost potential adsorbent with excellent biodegradation and can act as an environment‐friendly agent for removing heavy metals from water.
On the peroxyl radical scavenging ability of β‐sitosterol in lipid media: A theoretical study
Authors: Ortiz‐Escarza Jorge M. , Medina Manuel E. , Trigos Angel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVegetable consumption was considered healthy, mainly because a large number and variety of antioxidants were identified from them. However, the main component in all vegetables is β‐sitosterol, and although its antioxidant capacity was reported, little is known about the reaction mechanism involved. In this study, thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the peroxyl radical scavenging activity of β‐sitosterol in lipid media were carried out, employing the density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that the hydrogen transfer (HT) reaction mechanism is the most important in the peroxyl radical scavenging activity of β‐sitosterol when peroxyl radicals with a medium reactivity such as •OOH and •OOCH3 were considered. However, when the peroxyl radical has significant reactivity, it could react through the radical adduct formation (RAF) mechanism. The calculated overall reaction rate constants of the peroxyl radical scavenging of β‐sitosterol were 8.76 × 103 and 1.54 × 102 M−1 s−1 for the peroxyl radicals •OOH and •OOCH3, respectively. According to the previous results, β‐sitosterol might be considered a modest antioxidant, which prevents oxidative damage to biological molecules such as cell membrane lipids. These results support the idea that vegetables could be considered antioxidants in the organism, and therefore, considering the consumption of vegetables in the daily diet could prevent cell aging by inhibiting oxidative damage.
Investigation of Underwater Sympathetic Detonation
Authors: Zhang Zhifan , Wang Cheng , Hu Haoliang , Yang Tonghui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA high‐pressure shock wave generated by a donor charge subjected to an underwater explosion can sympathetically detonate an acceptor. Experimental research is the most effective method of studying sympathetic detonation because information regarding pressure evolution, pressure peak, and bubble pulsing cycle can be obtained directly. In this study, a set of underwater sympathetic detonation tests were conducted to investigate the pressure characteristics and critical distance for the sympathetic detonation of a 1‐kg TNT donor and acceptor charges. Following the experiment, the energy, pressure, and bubble pulsing cycle were empirically analyzed. The results indicate that the best transmission and safety distances for sympathetic detonation were 99.55 and 128.92 mm, respectively. The acceptor charges were partially detonated by the donor when the gap distances were 109.90 and 119.98 mm. The degree of sympathetic detonation can be determined by analyzing the energy, bubble pulsing cycle, and pressure evolution.