bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzimidazole‐based fluorophores for the detection of amyloid fibrils with higher sensitivity than Thioflavin‐T
Authors: Pravin Narayanaperumal , Kumar Rakesh , Tripathi Shalini , Kumar Pardeep , Mohite Ganesh M , Navalkar Ambuja , Panigrahi Rajlaxmi , Singh Namrata , Gadhe Laxmikant G. , Manchanda Shaffi , Shimozawa Makoto , Nilsson Per , Johansson Jan , Kumar Ashutosh , Maji Samir K. , Shanmugam Maheswaran 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProtein aggregation into amyloid fibrils is a key feature of a multitude of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Prion disease. To detect amyloid fibrils, fluorophores with high sensitivity and better efficiency coupled with the low toxicity are in high demand even to date. In this pursuit, we have unveiled two benzimidazole‐based fluorescence sensors ([C15H15N3] (C1) and [C16H16N3O2] (C2), which possess exceptional affinity toward different amyloid fibrils in its submicromolar concentration (8 × 10–9 M), whereas under a similar concentration, the gold standard Thioflavin‐T (ThT) fails to bind with amyloid fibrils. These fluorescent markers bind to α‐Syn amyloid fibrils as well as amyloid fibrils forming other proteins/peptides including Aβ42 amyloid fibrils. The 1H‐15N heteronuclear quantum correlation spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance data collected on wild‐type α‐Syn monomer with and without the fluorophores (C1 and C2) reveal that there is weak or no interactions between C1 or C2 with residues in α‐Syn monomer, which indirectly reflects the specific binding ability of C1 and C2 to the α‐Syn amyloid fibrils. Detailed studies further suggest that C1 and C2 can detect/bind with the α‐Syn amyloid fibril as low as 100 × 10–9 M. Extremely low or no cytotoxicity is observed for C1 and C2 and they do not interfere with α‐Syn fibrillation kinetics, unlike ThT. Both C1/C2 not only shows selective binding with amyloid fibrils forming various proteins/peptides but also displays excellent affinity and selectivity toward α‐Syn amyloid aggregates in SH‐SY5Y cells and Aβ42 amyloid plaques in animal brain tissues. Overall, our data show that the developed dyes could be used for the detection of amyloid fibrils including α‐Syn and Aβ42 amyloids with higher sensitivity as compared to currently used ThT.
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Suppression of ovarian hormones in adolescent rats has no effect on anxiety‐like behaviour or c‐fos activation in the amygdala
Authors: Hodgson Amy R. , Richmond Claire , Tello Javier , Brown Gillian R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn humans, sex differences in mood disorders emerge during adolescence, with prevalence rates being consistently higher in females than males. It has been hypothesised that exposure to endogenous ovarian hormones during adolescence enhances the susceptibility of females to mood disorders from this stage of life onwards. However, experimental evidence in favour of this hypothesis is lacking. In the present study, we examined the long‐term effects of suppressing adolescent gonadal hormone levels in a group of female Lister‐hooded rats via administration of a gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone antagonist (Antide; administered on postnatal day [PND] 28 and 42) compared to control females and males (n = 14 per group). We predicted that, in adulthood, Antide‐treated female rats would exhibit more male‐like behaviour than control females in novel environments (elevated‐plus maze, open field and light‐dark box), in response to novel objects and novel social partners, and in an acoustic startle task. Progesterone and luteinising hormone assays (which were conducted on blood samples collected on PND 55/56 and 69/70) confirmed that the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis was temporarily suppressed by Antide treatment. In addition, Antide‐treated females were found to exhibit a modest pubertal delay, as measured by vaginal opening, which was comparable in length to the pubertal delay that has been induced by adolescent exposure to alcohol or stress in previous studies of female rats. However, Antide‐treated females did not substantially differ from control females on any of the behavioural tests, despite the evidence for predicted sex differences in some measures. Following the acoustic startle response task, all subjects were culled and perfused, and c‐Fos staining was conducted in the medial and basolateral amygdala, with the results showing no significant differences in cell counts between the groups. These findings suggest that ovarian hormone exposure during adolescence does not have long‐term effects on anxiety‐related responses in female rats.
Massive atonic bleeding during cesarean delivery in a patient with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction: A case report and literature review
Authors: Katayama Yoshihiro , Kido Saki , Kai Shotaro , Nakano Takahiro , Hidaka Nobuhiro , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 35‐year‐old primigravid woman with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction presented to our institution. Except for an enlarged fetal bladder, her pregnancy was almost uneventful until she developed pre‐eclampsia requiring emergent cesarean section at 34 weeks gestation. After delivery, intractable uterine atony developed with blood loss reaching 3500 mL within 15 min. Following a B‐Lynch suture, the bleeding attenuated but uterine atony persisted; lochia persisted for 3 months post‐partum. The infant was diagnosed with megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome after birth. The mother's clinical course and previous reports suggested that atonic bleeding was associated with the pathology of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction; the infant's disease was considered to be maternal‐related disease. Clinicians should be vigilant in pregnant patients with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction especially with these complications.
On the way to Ithaka[1]: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Publication of Karl E. Weick’sThe Social Psychology of Organizing
Authors: Tsoukas Haridimos , Patriotta Gerardo , Sutcliffe Kathleen M. , Maitlis Sally 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKarl E. Weick’sThe Social Psychology of Organizinghas been one of the most influential books in organization studies, providing the theoretical underpinnings of several research programs. Importantly, the book is widely credited with initiating theprocess turnin the field, leading to the ‘gerundizing’ of management and organization studies: the persistent effort to understand organizational phenomena as ongoing accomplishments. The emphasis of the book on organizing (rather than on organizations) and its links with sensemaking have made it the most influential treatise on organizational epistemology. In this introduction, we review Weick’s magnum opus, underline and assess its key themes, and suggest ways in which several of them may be taken forward.
Social capital determinants and labor market networks
Authors: Asquith Brian , Hellerstein Judith K. , Kutzbach Mark J. , Neumark David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe explore the links between determinants of social capital and labor market networks at the neighborhood level. We harness rich data taken from multiple sources, including matched employer–employee data with which we measure the strength of labor market networks, data on neighborhood homogeneity that has previously been tied to social capital, and new data—not previously used in the study of social capital—on the number and location of nonprofit sector establishments at the neighborhood level. We use a machine learning algorithm to identify the potential determinants of social capital that best predict neighborhood‐level variation in labor market networks. We find evidence suggesting that smaller and less centralized schools, and schools with fewer poor students, foster social capital that builds local labor market networks, as does a larger Republican vote share. The presence of establishments in a number of nonprofit‐oriented industries are identified as predictive of strong labor market networks, likely because they either provide public goods or facilitate social contacts. These industries include, for example, churches and other religious institutions, fire and rescue services including volunteer fire departments, country clubs and golf courses, labor unions, chamber music groups, hobby clubs, and schools.
Interactive Effects of CO2, Temperature, Irradiance, and Nutrient Limitation on the Growth and Physiology of the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (Coscinodiscophyceae)
Authors: Laws Edward A. , McClellan S. Alex , Passow Uta 
Published: August 2020

The marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was grown in continuous culture systems to study the interactive effects of temperature, irradiance, nutrient limitation, and the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) on its growth and physiological characteristics. The cells were able to grow at all combinations of low and high irradiance (50 and 300 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1, respectively, of visible light), low and high pCO2 (400 and 1,000 μatm, respectively), nutrient limitation (nitrate‐limited and nutrient‐replete conditions), and temperatures of 10–32°C. Under nutrient‐replete conditions, there was no adverse effect of high pCO2 on growth rates at temperatures of 10–25°C. The response of the cells to high pCO2 was similar at low and high irradiance. At supraoptimal temperatures of 30°C or higher, high pCO2 depressed growth rates at both low and high irradiance. Under nitrate‐limited conditions, cells were grown at 38 ± 2.4% of their nutrient‐saturated rates at the same temperature, irradiance, and pCO2. Dark respiration rates consistently removed a higher percentage of production under nitrate‐limited versus nutrient‐replete conditions. The percentages of production lost to dark respiration were positively correlated with temperature under nitrate‐limited conditions, but there was no analogous correlation under nutrient‐replete conditions. The results suggest that warmer temperatures and associated more intense thermal stratification of ocean surface waters could lower net photosynthetic rates if the stratification leads to a reduction in the relative growth rates of marine phytoplankton, and at truly supraoptimal temperatures there would likely be a synergistic interaction between the stresses from temperature and high pCO2 (lower pH).
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tildipirosin following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in sheep
Authors: Abu‐Basha Ehab A. , Bani Ismail Zuhair , Abu Alhaijaa Hind , Hamzeh Eyad , Idkaidek Nasir M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTildipirosin is a semi‐synthetic macrolide antibiotic commonly used in cattle and swine to treat bacterial pneumonia. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of tildipirosin after a single intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration in healthy lambs. Eighteen lambs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6 each). Lambs received a single s.c. dose of tildipirosin at 4 and 6 mg/kg b.w. in group 1 and 2, respectively. Lambs in group 3 received a single i.v. dose of tildipirosin at 4 mg/kg b.w. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 36, 48 hr, and every 24 hr to day 21, and thereafter at day 28 posttildipirosin administration. The plasma concentrations of tildipirosin were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC⁄MS⁄MS). All lambs appeared to tolerate both the intravenous and subcutaneous injection of tildipirosin. Following i.v. administration, the elimination half‐life (T1/2), mean residence time (MRT), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and total body clearance (Cl/F) were 119.6 ± 9.0 hr, 281.9 ± 25.7 hr, 521.1 ± 107.2 L, and 2.9 ± 0.5 L/hr, respectively. No significant differences in Cmax (657.0 ± 142.8 and 754.6 ± 227.1 ng/ml), Tmax (1.21 ± 0.38 and 1.35 ± 0.44 hr), T1/2 (144 ± 17.5, 156.5 ± 33.4 hr), and MRT (262.0 ± 30.2 and 250.6 ± 54.5 hr) were found in tildipirosin after s.c. dosing at 4 and 6 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The absolute bioavailability (F) of tildipirosin was 71.5% and 75.3% after s.c. administration of 4 and 6 mg/kg b.w., respectively. In conclusion, tildipirosin was rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated after a single s.c. administration in healthy lambs. Tildipirosin could be used for the treatment and prevention of respiratory bacterial infections in sheep. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies to determine the efficacy and safety are warranted. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the tildipirosin pharmacokinetic parameters in sheep plasma.
Predictors of getting a residency interview: Differences by medical specialty
Authors: Kremer Theodore R. , Kremer Michael J. , Kremer Kristen P. , Mihalic Angela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesGaining medical residency interviews has become more competitive and costly for medical students. Although limited evidence from residency programme directors indicates predictors for successfully matching into a programme, past research has not sufficiently explored the application components necessary to receive an interview offer. The present study will identify which application components are most helpful in obtaining interview offers for different medical specialties.MethodsData were sourced from the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency (STAR), a survey of recently matched fourth‐year American medical students who self‐reported information on their residency application components and interview offers. Multi‐level logistic regression analyses were employed to predict the odds of interview offer according to applicants’ academic, research and extracurricular characteristics. Sub‐analyses were conducted for each medical specialty.ResultsNearly 10 000 students reported information on over 419 010 applications submitted, which resulted in 164 696 interview offers. Across the sample, applicants had greater odds of receiving an interview offer if they had a geographic connection to the programme (odds ratio [OR] = 4.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.00‐4.20), had completed an away rotation at the programme (OR = 16.00, 95% CI 14.92‐17.15), were Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society members (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.36‐1.64), or had been inducted into the Gold Humanism Honor Society (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.39‐1.62). Applicants had reduced odds of getting an interview if they had been required to remediate a course in medical school (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.64‐0.83) or had failed the US Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 or Step 2 examination on their first attempt (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.33‐0.47). Predictors of obtaining an interview varied by specialty.ConclusionsThe present findings can assist senior medical students as they prepare residency applications and identify programmes to which they will apply. Knowledge of the significant factors can help applicants more efficiently use resources to maximise their number of interview offers. Completing away rotations and selecting programmes with which applicants have geographic connections may increase their odds of receiving interview offers.
Isolation of Aspergillus spp. in respiratory samples of patients with COVID‐19 in a Spanish Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Falces‐Romero Iker , Ruiz‐Bastián Mario , Díaz‐Pollán Beatriz , Maseda Emilio , García‐Rodríguez Julio ,   SARS‐CoV‐2 Working Group
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a complication of respiratory bacterial and viral infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).Patients/MethodsIn University Hospital La Paz (Madrid, Spain), we reviewed the clinical and demographic characteristics of 10 patients with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) PCR and Aspergillus spp. isolate in respiratory samples. We also recovered results of galactomannan tests in serum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples.ResultsEight male and two female from 51 to 76 years were recovered. They had reported risk factors to develop IPA (haematological malignancies, immunosuppression, diabetes, obesity, intensive care unit stay, among others). Azole susceptible Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated in nine patients and Aspergillus nidulans was isolated in one patient. Only one case was classified as probable aspergillosis, seven cases as putative aspergillosis, and two cases were not classifiable. Eight patients received antifungal treatment. Seven patients died (70%), two are still inpatient due to nosocomial infections and one was discharged referred to another institution.ConclusionsThis clinical entity has high mortality, and therefore, it should be performed surveillance with early galactomannan tests and cultures in respiratory samples in order to improve the outcome of the patients with this condition.
Servant Leadership, Third‐Party Behavior, and Emotional Exhaustion of Followers
Authors: Obi Innocentina‐Marie O. , Bollen Katalien , Aaldering Hillie , Robijn Wouter , Euwema Martin C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConflicts are ubiquitous in all life’s domain where people live and perform interdependent tasks, including convents. Managing conflicts among followers is an essential responsibility of leaders. The way leaders behave while managing such conflicts have received little academic attention; available studies have focused on business contexts. This study aimed to examine the relationship between servant leadership, and emotional exhaustion through team conflicts, and further investigates the mediating role of leaders’ third‐party conflict behaviors such as avoiding, forcing, and problem‐solving. Data were gathered from 453 religious sisters (followers), in 166 convents, in a Catholic Women Religious Institute mostly based in Nigeria. Structural equation modeling confirmed that servant leadership was associated with reduced team conflicts through leaders’ third‐party behaviors. Further findings showed that perceived servant leadership was negatively related to emotional exhaustion through a nonforcing expression. We discussed theoretical and practical implications.
Optimal sites for mini‐implant insertion in the lingual or palatal alveolar cortical bone as assessed by cone beam computed tomography in South Indian population
Authors: Mallick Soham , Murali P. S. , Kuttappa M. N. , Shetty Prajwal , Nair Aishwarya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the optimal sites of mini‐implant placement in the palatal alveolar cortical bone by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Subjects and MethodsCone beam computed tomography records of 60 patients were divided into two groups of equal sizes, based on age and sex. The images were analysed using Planmeca Romexis Software (Version 4.1.2). The measurements were made in axial sections of the maxilla and mandible, at 2, 4 and 6 mm from the CEJ. The optimal sites were defined in terms of (a) Palatal or lingual alveolar cortical bone thickness and (b) Mesiodistal palatal or lingual inter‐radicular width.ResultsThe optimal site for mini‐implant insertion, anteriorly, was the canine‐lateral incisor embrasure in both the jaws. Posteriorly, the inter‐molar embrasure in the mandible and the molar‐premolar embrasure in the maxilla were optimal sites. Females demonstrated significantly lesser bone widths in all areas of the maxilla (P < .05) but greater bone thickness in the mandibular regions, as compared to males. The adolescent age group demonstrated a significantly lesser bone thickness but greater mesiodistal widths than the adult population in both the jaws (P < .05).ConclusionThe optimal sites for mini‐implant insertion were the anterior canine‐lateral incisor and posterior buccal inter‐radicular embrasures, in both the jaws. Significant differences existed between age and gender groups, which need to be kept in mind while choosing the locations for placing mini‐implants.
Delta brushes are not just a hallmark of EEG in human preterm infants
Authors: Kidokoro Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe delta brush, a well‐known characteristic waveform of the human preterm electroencephalogram, represents spontaneous electrical activity. Recent experimental animal model evidence suggests that delta brushes are not only spontaneous intrinsic activity but are also evoked by external sensory stimulation or spontaneous movement. They are also likely to reflect the activity of subplate neurons, which play an important role in early brain development and network organization. Here, evidence about delta brushes in human preterm electroencephalogram is provided along with future perspectives.
Talking Policy in Congressional Campaigns: Construction of Policy Narratives in Electoral Politics
Authors: Crow Deserai , Wolton Laura 
Published: August 2020

The construction of narratives to influence policy decisions has garnered increased scholarly attention over the past decade as use of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) has expanded in the policy literature. However, we do not know whether policy narratives as defined by the NPF are present in electoral communications or whether there are significant differences in construction of such narratives. Narratives from both Republican and Democratic campaigns in 48 U.S. House campaigns are analyzed in this study, using an automated coding approach to determine whether policy narratives also exist within electoral campaigns, whether they hold similar structures, and whether there are significant differences according to candidate characteristics. We find that electoral policy narratives do hold consistent form and two significant narrative differences exist: (1) policy issues discussed vary based on candidate characteristics such as gender and political affiliation; and (2) character portrayal varies based on party affiliation and gender of the candidate.Related ArticlesCrow, Deserai A., Lydia A. Lawhon, John Berggren, Juhi Huda, Elizabeth Koebele, and Adrianne Kroepsch. 2017. “A Narrative Policy Framework Analysis of Wildfire Policy Discussions in two Colorado Communities.” Politics & Policy 45 (4): 626‐656. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12207Ertas, Nevbahar. 2015. “Policy Narratives and Public Opinion Concerning Charter Schools.” Politics & Policy 43 (3): 426‐451. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12120Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39 (3): 373‐400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00295.x
Inconsistent analytic strategies reduce robustness in fear extinction via skin conductance response
Authors: Ney Luke John , Laing Patrick A.F. , Steward Trevor , Zuj Daniel V. , Dymond Simon , Felmingham Kim L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRobustness of fear conditioning and extinction paradigms has become increasingly important for many researchers interested in improving the study of anxiety and trauma disorders. We recently illustrated the wide variability in data analysis techniques in this paradigm, which we argued may result in a lack of robustness. In the current study, we resampled data from six of our own fear acquisition and extinction data sets, with skin conductance as the outcome. In the resampled and original data sets, we found that effect sizes that were calculated using discrepant statistical strategies, sourced from a non‐exhaustive search of high‐impact articles, were often poorly correlated. The main contributors to poor correlations were the selection of trials from different stages of each experimental phase and the use of average compared to trial‐by‐trial analysis. These findings reinforce the importance of focusing on robustness in the psychophysiological measurement of fear acquisition and extinction in the laboratory and may guide prospective researchers in which decisions may most impact the robustness of their results.