bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behind the scenes: Unpacking student discussion and critical reflection in lectures
Authors: Ludvigsen Kristine , Johan Krumsvik Rune , Breivik Jens 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the characteristics of peer discussions used to support formative assessment in lectures, facilitated by a student response system, in an undergraduate qualitative methods course for psychology students. The intent was to examine the characteristics of peer discussions in which student response systems are used to facilitate the practice of formative assessment lectures. The research was guided by the following research questions: (1) What patterns of talk can be identified in the discussions? (2) How do the students use subject‐specific vocabulary in the discussions? (3) How the students’ understanding of the subject matter displayed in these discussions? To examine the characteristics of peer interactions, 87 student discussions were recorded and analysed. The concept of exploratory talk was used as a lens to examine the discussions. In 68 of the 87 discussions, the students exchanged ideas and elaborated on their peers’ ideas and understanding of the concepts. In the remaining 25 discussions, the process of reasoning was less visible. The findings are relevant for teaching designs that aims to use digital tools to facilitate formative assessment.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Student response systems can support formative assessment and feedback in lectures.
The most common approaches used in research on student response systems to support formative assessment is questionnaires or interviews.
Few studies have provided detailed analyses of clicker‐supported peer discussions.
What the paper adds

Provides insights into the micro‐processes in clicker‐supported discussions.
Critically discusses the role of discussions facilitated by student response systems to support formative feedback in the classroom.
The paper contributes to scholarship in this field by drawing attention to the qualities of the activities created for formative assessment.
Discusses the validity of the inferences drawn from the use of student response systems in the classroom.
Implications for policy and practice

Analysis of discussions shows that there is not necessarily a correlation between aggregated answers and students' understanding. To ensure that valid inferences can be drawn from activities as a basis for feedback, the questions used and threats to the validity of possible inferences should be critically examined.
Frailty score of older patients with haematological malignancies: unsuspected role of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Thibaud Vincent , Piron Amandine , Bron Dominique 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFrailty assessment in older patients with haematological malignancies is extremely beneficial in order to optimize treatment decisions and supportive interventions. A comprehensive geriatric assessment can provide a better understanding of the functional age than clinical judgement by evaluating several skills domains such as physical function, autonomy, comorbidities, nutrition, cognition, psychological status and social support. However, the use of a multidisciplinary geriatric assessment may fail to detect unsuspected vulnerability such as mild cognitive impairment among so‐called “clinically fit” patients. The objective of this paper is to update the current knowledge about predictive factors for toxicity and “frailty scoring” in older patients with haematological malignancies. The unsuspected major role of cognitive impairment and how to detect it will be emphasized.
Endogenous timing in the presence of non‐monotonicities
Authors: Hoffmann Magnus , Rota‐Graziosi Grégoire 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to generalize the endogenous timing game proposed by Hamilton and Slutsky (Games and Economic Behavior, 1990, 2, pp. 29–46) by allowing the payoff or the marginal payoff of a player to become non‐monotonic with respect to the strategy of the opponent. We propose a taxonomy of the subgame‐perfect Nash equilibria based on the characteristics of the payoff functions proposed by Eaton (Canadian Journal of Economics, 2004, 37, pp. 805–29). We determine under which conditions of the initial payoff functions commitment has a social value and when the simultaneous‐move Nash equilibrium is commitment robust and discuss its Pareto efficiency.
Factors influencing the precision of species richness estimation in Japanese vascular plants
Authors: Ulrich Werner , Kusumoto Buntarou , Fattorini Simone , Kubota Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimEstimating species richness from a series of samples is an important and widely debated issue in ecology and biodiversity conservation. Numerous tests of respective richness estimators gave insights into the precision, the limitations and the pitfalls of richness forecasting. However, few benchmark tests used almost complete empiric census data obtained at those spatial scales where richness estimation is most useful for conservation management.LocationJapan.MethodsWe use an extraordinary dataset on the spatial distribution of Japanese plants containing complete information on the occurrence of each Japanese plant species at the 10 × 10 km2 grid cell level. We link the estimates of four estimators representing different theoretical approaches, Chao2, rarefaction, species–area relationships (SAR) and species abundance distributions (SAD), to environmental data using a fully nested sampling design.ResultsChao2 and rarefaction behaved very similar in all tests and significantly underestimated true richness below 40% sampling fraction. SAR and SAD were less precise than Chao2 and rarefaction at higher sampling fraction but also less affected by low sample size. In general, SAD provided robust estimates over the whole range of sampling fraction and 67.4% of estimates ranged within the 10% error level. Higher species spatial turnover increased and high evenness in occurrence decreased the precision of the SAD estimator. Precision of the four estimators was largely unaffected by environmental variability but increased with increasing latitude.Main conclusionsOur results strongly indicate that the pattern of Japanese plant species spatial distribution is sufficiently scale invariant for richness estimators to provide precise forecasting results at the country level. The simplest process to generate such a spatial distribution is ecological drift.
Self‐motion perception in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Halperin Orly , Israeli‐Korn Simon , Yakubovich Sol , Hassin‐Baer Sharon , Zaidel Adam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD), best characterized by its classic motor symptoms, also manifests non‐motor symptoms including perceptual impairments. Normal motor and perceptual brain functions interact continuously in an action–perception loop; hence, perceptual and motor dysfunction in PD are likely also intertwined. A vital skill in order to maintain balance, and to move around in the environment is the ability to perceive one's own motion in space (self‐motion perception). Self‐motion perception is a complex brain process, that requires the integration of information from visual (optic flow), vestibular (gravito‐inertial), and somatosensory senses. Yet, not much is known about self‐motion perception or multisensory integration in PD. In this review, we highlight the need to better study these important functions in PD. We review perceptual deficits in underlying functions required for adept self‐motion perception (visual, vestibular and somatosensory, as well as multisensory integration) and address how these might affect self‐motion perception and motor function in PD. We propose that dysfunction of central brain mechanisms, implicated in impaired visual, vestibular and somatosensory function, likely impact self‐motion perception in PD. Recent evidence suggests that visual and multisensory integration mechanisms of self‐motion perception are indeed impaired in PD. This can affect motor control, gait and balance. Future research is needed to better investigate this important topic. A better understanding of self‐motion perception and multisensory integration in PD may aid diagnosis and subtyping and may open new avenues for novel therapies to treat debilitating motor symptoms, including gait and balance impairment, using sensory augmentation devices or sensory retraining.
Rate of oral frailty and oral hypofunction in rural community‐dwelling older Japanese individuals
Authors: Kugimiya Yoshihiro , Watanabe Yutaka , Ueda Takayuki , Motokawa Keiko , Shirobe Maki , Igarashi Kentaro , Hoshino Daichi , Takano Tomofumi , Sakurai Kaoru , Taniguchi Yu , Kitamura Akihiko , Shinkai Shoji , Hirano Hirohiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the rate of oral frailty and oral hypofunction in rural community‐dwelling older adults in Japan.BackgroundRecently, the oral function of Japanese older adults has been evaluated multilaterally based on two concepts: oral frailty and oral hypofunction. Oral frailty is defined as a decrease in the oral function accompanied by a decrease in mental and physical functions. Oral hypofunction is a disease where the oral function is comprehensively decreased. However, their rates have not yet been elucidated.Materials and methodsOral frailty and oral hypofunction were evaluated in 679 older adults from rural areas. To investigate the differences in occurrence rates due to the evaluation methods, one of the subordinate symptoms of oral hypofunction, the reduced occlusal force, was evaluated based on both the occlusal force (main method) and the number of teeth (alternative method).ResultsThe rate of oral frailty was 22.3% in men and 22.7% in women. The rate of oral hypofunction was 39.0% in men and 46.9% in women. The overall rate of oral hypofunction was 43.6% when the reduced occlusal force of oral hypofunction was evaluated using the main method and 46.4% when evaluated using the alternative method. The proportion of participants with decreased occlusal force, the number of present teeth, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure and masticatory performance increased with age in both men and women.ConclusionAmong rural community‐dwelling older adults, the rate of oral frailty was 22.5% and that of oral hypofunction was 43.6%.
Antibody‐mediated complement activation in pathology and protection
Authors: Goldberg Benjamin S , Ackerman Margaret E 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAntibody‐dependent complement activity is associated not only with autoimmune morbidity, but also with antitumor efficacy. In infectious disease, both recombinant monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies generated in natural adaptive responses can mediate complement activity to protective, therapeutic or disease‐enhancing effect. Recent advances have contributed to the structural resolution of molecular complexes involved in antibody‐mediated complement activation, defining the avid nature of participating interactions and pointing to how antibody isotype, subclass, hinge flexibility, glycosylation state, amino acid sequence and the contextual nature of the cognate antigen/epitope are all factors that can determine complement activity through impact on antibody multimerization and subsequent recruitment of complement component 1q. Beyond the efficiency of activation, complement activation products interact with various cell types that mediate immune adherence, trafficking, immune education and innate functions. Similarly, depending on the anatomical location and extent of activation, complement can support homeostatic restoration or be leveraged by pathogens or neoplasms to enhance infection or promote tumorigenic microenvironments, respectively. Advances in means to suppress complement activation by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), IVIG mimetics and complement‐intervening antibodies represent proven and promising exploratory therapeutic strategies, while antibody engineering has likewise offered frameworks to enhance, eliminate or isolate complement activation to interrogate in vivo mechanisms of action. Such strategies promise to support the optimization of antibody‐based drugs that are able to tackle emerging and difficult‐to‐treat diseases by improving our understanding of the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between antibody mechanisms mediated by Fc receptors, direct binding and the products of complement activation.
The Effect of Migrant Children on Migrant Mothers' Employment
Authors: Zhang Hui , Cao Xue , Yu Yi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMore and more migrant parents choose to bring their children with them to their migration destination in China. Here, the data reported by China's Health and Family Planning Commission in 2017 are used to examine the influence of migrant children on migrant mothers’ employment. The results showed that migrant children have a negative effect on mothers’ employment and reduce wages of mothers who are work. In addition, considering migrant children’s age, we find that as it increases the burden of childcare is lighter; the probability of mothers’ participation in the labour market and receiving a high wage is higher. Furthermore, in terms of mothers’ characteristics, older age and better education, having a spouse or parents who migrated, longer migration history and an across‐provincial move have positive effects on migrant mothers’ employment.
Amphetamine‐type stimulant use among patients admitted to the emergency department behavioural assessment unit: Screening and referral outcomes
Authors: Gerdtz Marie , Yap Celene Y.L. , Daniel Catherine , Knott Jonathan C. , Kelly Peter , Innes Andrew , Braitberg George 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmphetamine‐type stimulant use, including methamphetamine, amphetamine, and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is associated with a range of behavioural symptoms. Screening for amphetamine‐type stimulant use among people presenting to the emergency department with behavioural disturbance and referral to treatment has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of amphetamine‐type stimulant use among patients admitted to a behavioural assessment unit and report referral outcomes. A prospective observational design was used. Individuals who tested positive or self‐reported amphetamine‐type stimulant use were referred to the alcohol and other drug clinician. We measured the prevalence of amphetamine‐type stimulant use in saliva and by self‐report along with rates of referral. The setting was a behavioural assessment unit located within an Australian emergency department. Admitted adults were enrolled from July to December 2017. Those who tested positive or self‐reported amphetamine‐type stimulant use were provided with harm reduction advice and offered referral. Four hundred and seventy‐two tests were performed. Fifteen were excluded due to invalid results or redundant enrolment. Of the 457 individuals, 59% were male, with a mean age of 35 years (SD 13). Fifty‐three (11.6%, 95% CI: 8.9–15.0) tested positive for amphetamine‐type stimulants. Of those with a negative test, 44 (9.6%, 95% CI: 7.3–12.7) self‐reported amphetamine‐type stimulant use in the previous 24 hours. The prevalence of amphetamine‐type stimulant use was 21.2% (95% CI: 17.7–25.2). Most accepted referral to the alcohol and other drug clinician (85.6%, 95% CI 77.2–91.2). The emergency visit represents a window of opportunity for screening for amphetamine‐type stimulant use and initiating referrals.
Black ZrO2 synthesized by molten lithium reduction strategy for photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Zu Di , Wang Haiyang , Yang Tianzi , Wei Hehe , Sun Shuqing , Wu Hui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo promote the performance of metal oxides, introducing oxygen vacancies is an effective strategy. Oxygen vacancies can tailor the atomic arrangement and band structure, thus optimizing the physical and chemical properties of metal oxides. Herein, we prepared oxygen‐deficient black ZrO2 nanoparticles via molten lithium (Li) reduction. Massive oxygen vacancies were introduced into ZrO2 nanoparticles as well as defective disorder domains formed in ZrO2 lattice during the molten lithium treatment process. Benefitting from the defective structure, black ZrO2 with enhanced light absorption demonstrated increased photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate, which was ~5 times higher than that of pristine ZrO2. Moreover, molten lithium reduction provides a powerful way to not only implant oxygen vacancies to metal oxides but also extend their applications.
Increased IgA anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies in the periodontal inflammatory exudate of healthy individuals compared to rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Rahajoe Poerwati Soetji , de Smit Menke , Schuurmans Gerbrich , Raveling‐Eelsing Elisabeth , Kertia Nyoman , Vissink Arjan , Westra Johanna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo assess rheumatoid arthritis (RA)‐associated autoantibodies in the gingivocrevicular fluid (GCF) of RA patients and healthy controls with or without periodontal disease, as chronic mucosal inflammation in periodontal disease is hypothesized to contribute to the formation of these autoantibodies.Materials and methodsAnti‐citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and their IgA isotypes were assessed in the serum and GCF of RA patients (n = 72) and healthy controls (HC, n = 151). The presence and levels of these antibodies were studied in relation to interleukin (IL)‐8 and periodontal disease.ResultsIn contrast to the HC, the levels of ACPA and RF in the serum and GCF of the RA patients were strongly correlated (p < .0001). The HC with high levels of IgA‐ACPA (n = 27) also had significantly higher levels of total IgG, total IgA, and IL‐8 in the GCF than the HC with low levels of IgA‐ACPA in the GCF (n = 124). Periodontal inflammation and smoking were seen more frequently in the group with high levels of IgA‐ACPA compared to the group with low IgA‐ACPA.ConclusionThe IgA‐ACPA in the GCF of HC may be associated with periodontal inflammation and smoking, and could be involved in the progression to RA.
Termination of acute stress response by the endocannabinoid system is regulated through lysine‐specific demethylase 1‐mediated transcriptional repression of 2‐AG hydrolases ABHD6 and MAGL
Authors: Longaretti Alessandra , Forastieri Chiara , Gabaglio Marina , Rubino Tiziana , Battaglioli Elena , Rusconi Francesco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute environmental stress rarely implies long‐lasting neurophysiological and behavioral alterations. On the contrary, chronic stress exerts a potent toxic effect at the glutamatergic synapse whose altered physiology has been recognized as a core trait of neuropsychiatric disorders. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in the homeostatic response to acute stress. In particular, stress induces synthesis of endocannabinoid (eCB) 2‐arachidonyl glycerol (2‐AG). 2‐AG stimulates presynaptic cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor contributing to stress response termination through inhibition of glutamate release, restraining thereafter anxiety arousal. We employ mouse models of stress response coupled to gene expression analyses, unravelling that in response to acute psychosocial stress in the mouse hippocampus, ECS‐mediated synaptic modulation is enhanced via transcriptional repression of two enzymes involved in 2‐AG degradation: α/β‐hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Such a process is orchestrated by the epigenetic corepressor LSD1 who directly interacts with promoter regulatory regions of Abhd6 and Magl. Remarkably, negative transcriptional control of Abhd6 and Magl is lost in the hippocampus upon chronic psychosocial stress, possibly contributing to trauma‐induced drift of synapse physiology toward uncontrolled glutamate transmission. We previously showed that in mice lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) increases its hippocampal expression in response to psychosocial stress preventing excessive consolidation of anxiety‐related plasticity. In this work, we unravel a nodal epigenetic modulation of eCB turn over, shedding new light on the molecular substrate of converging stress‐terminating effects displayed by ECS and LSD1.
image
Partisan and bipartisan gerrymandering
Authors: Konishi Hideo , Pan Chen‐Yu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes the optimal partisan and bipartisan gerrymandering policies in a model with electoral competitions in policy positions and transfer promises. Party leaders have both office‐ and policy‐motivations. With complete freedom in redistricting, partisan gerrymandering policy generates the most one‐sidedly biased district profile, while bipartisan gerrymandering generates the most polarized district profile. In contrast, with limited freedom in gerrymandering, both partisan and bipartisan gerrymandering tend to prescribe the same policy.
Absence of Atg7 in the liver disturbed hepatic regeneration after liver injury
Authors: Römermann Dorothee , Ansari Nadiea , Schultz‐Moreira Adriana Rita , Michael Alina , Marhenke Silke , Hardtke‐Wolenski Matthias , Longerich Thomas , Manns Michael P. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Vogel Arndt , Buitrago‐Molina Laura Elisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsAutophagy is a critical process in cell survival and the maintenance of homeostasis. However, the implementation of therapeutic approaches based on autophagy mechanisms after liver damage is still challenging.MethodsWe used a hepatospecific Atg7‐deficient murine model to address this question.ResultsWe showed that the proliferation and regeneration capacity of Atg7‐deficient hepatocytes was impaired. On the one hand, Atg7‐deficient hepatocytes showed steady‐state hyperproliferation. On the other hand, external triggers such as partial hepatectomy (PHx) or cell transplantation did not induce hepatocellular proliferation or liver repopulation. After PHx, hepatocyte proliferation was strongly decreased, accompanied by high mortality. This increase in mortality could be overcome by pharmacological mTOR inhibition. In accordance with hepatocyte hypoproliferation after damage, Atg7‐deficient hepatocytes failed to repopulate the liver in a hepatic injury model. Atg7‐deficient mice showed hepatic hypertrophy, transient cellular hypertrophy, and high transaminase levels followed by strong perisinusoidal/pericellular fibrosis with age. Their elevated modified hepatic activity index (mHAI) was almost exclusively due to apoptosis without any inflammation. These parameters were associated with variations in the triglyceride content and compromised lipid droplet formation after PHx. Mechanistically, we also observed a modulation of HGF, PAK4, NOTCH3 and YES1, which are proteins involved in cell cycle regulation.ConclusionWe demonstrated the important role of autophagy in the regeneration capacity of hepatocytes. We showed the causative relationship between autophagy and triglycerides that is essential for promoting liver recovery. Finally, pharmacological mTOR inhibition overcame the impact of autophagy deficiency after liver damage and prevented mortality.