bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quest in the United Kingdom for African Unity, 1945-48
Authors: Sherwood Marika 
Published: October 2020

This article outlines the formation, ideology and activities of the West African National Secretariat (WANS), established in London in 1945-6 by Nkrumah and this colleagues, from both the English and French West African colonies. Their aim was unity, as the only hope of real independence was through unity of all ethnic groups and all social classes, not just the ‘intelligentsia’. Outlined are WANS’ activities, its work with other political groups/activists in the UK and France, and reports in Gold Coast and Nigerian newspapers, which were kept fully informed. Labelled a communist, Nkrumah was under surveillance by MI5 in the UK and on his return home in 1947. Was this the beginning of the Cold War in West Africa? La Quête au Royaume-Uni pour l’Union Africaine, 1945-48 Résumé Cet article présente la formation, l’idéologie et les activités du West African National Secretariat [Secrétariat National de l'Afrique de l'Ouest] (WANS), établi à Londres entre les années 1945 et 1946 par Nkrumah et ses collègues issus des colonies anglophones et francophones en Afrique de l’Ouest dont le but était l’union, le seul espoir pour l’Independence réelle étant réalisable à travers l’union de tous les groupes ethniques et de toutes les classes sociales, et non pas seulement « l’intelligentsia ». Sont présentés dans cet article les activités de WANS, ses opérations avec d’autres groupes/militants politiques au Royaume-Uni et en France, ainsi que les rapports dans les journaux au Gold Coast et au Nigeria qui étaient bien informés. Qualifié de communiste, Nkrumah était sous la surveillance de MI5 au Royaume-Uni et à son retour au pays en 1947. Ce fait marque-t-il le début de la Guerre Froide en Afrique de l’Ouest?
COPING WITH THE COVID19 PANDEMIC IN A HEMATOLOGY, TRANSPLANTATION AND CELL THERAPY UNIT IN SOUTHERN BRAZlL
Authors: Paz Alessandra Aparecida 
Published: October 2020

We started 2020 with perspectives that quickly changed in March when the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic started in Brazil. Our center has a unit, called the Protected Environment with 30 beds with HEPA filters where malignant disease, autologous and allogeneic transplants are performed. In March 2020, the contingency plan designed since January to deal with COVID 19 pandemic of Porto Alegre Clinicas Hospital (HCPA) began highly restricting visits, consultations and elective procedures.
Our challenge was to maintain the best care for our patients and healthcare professional’s safety. We suspend all visits and reduce relative patients’ companies to only essential. Our team was already one with the highest percentage of hand washing in the hospital, intensified infection control measures and implemented new individual protection equipment surgical masks and face shields. We started a new way to inform family members using digital platforms and improved the Wi-Fi network inside the unit to maintain patient external contact and reduce their loneliness. All Professional meetings and rounds became virtual.1,2,3
When the first cases started in Porto Alegre, we had already implemented and validated the performance of the PCR for SARS-COV-2, with result until 24 hours. So, we could organize the flow of patients for hospitalizations avoiding admissions of Covid asymptomatic patients. HealthCare’s with any symptoms were kept away from work and quickly tested.
We followed the guidance of the Brazilian society of BMT and started to perform only urgent transplants, greatly reducing the number of autologous transplants performed. All patients candidates stem cell transplant were instructed to maintain isolation for 14 days before admission and collected PCR 24 hours before admission. Related and unrelated bone marrow donors underwent clinical screening and PCR testing 24 hours before collection and the marrow was cryopreserved until results what changed our routine marrow infusion and sometime modified the collection from marrow to peripheral Hematopoietic stem cell in order to obtain adequate cellularity.1,2,3
Despite all the difficulties and challenges the Covid pandemic imposed upon us, we managed to perform 16 Transplants from March to September, between autologous and allogeneic and we had no cases of covid transmission inside deaths related to COVID until now. All patients who had COVID19 or tested positive to SarsCov2 were outpatients, either from the Day Hospital or the outpatient clinic and had complete resolution of the condition.
Importancia de la Maestría en Currículum
Authors: Álvarez Liliana del Rosario 
Published: October 2020

El término Currículum y el quehacer del profesional en currículum es poco conocido en Guatemala. Esta situación ha mantenido al sistema educativo y a la educación en general en un nivel bajo y con pocas posibilidades de brindar, a través de la educación mejores oportunidades de desarrollo a la población. El papel que desempeña un currículista es de suma importancia porque recae bajo su responsabilidad coordinar la aplicación del desarrollo curricular, la evaluación constante de todos los procesos que conlleva la enseñanza-aprendizaje y promover los cambios en el currículum, de acuerdo a las necesidades de formación de las comunidades en donde se esté trabajando. Ingresar a la maestría en currículum representa un gran reto y una gran riqueza. El especialista en currículum tendrá el conocimiento teórico, que le permitirá visualizar de una manera general, la posibilidad de que la población que sea atendida con un nuevo diseño curricular que satisfaga sus necesidades en cuanto a mejorar su calidad de vida. Por esta razón es imperativo que la sociedad conozca el trabajo que realiza un curriculista y que se atienda a la necesidad de que en cada ambiente educativo debe estar presente un especialista en esta rama, lo que garantizará mejores resultados durante el proceso de enseñar y aprender.
DIGITALIZATION OF THE ELECTRIC POWER METERING SYSTEM
Authors: Ziganshin Ayrat G. , Mikheev Georgi M. 
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the issue of paying for electricity transmission services by consumers in connection with the introducing on the 1st of July, 2020 the Federal Law no. 522-FZ dated December 27, 2018 and the requirements for smart devices and electricity metering systems. This topic is one of the key points in the fight against non-payments for electrical energy, reducing business losses. The article draws attention to the change in the relationship between a consumer of electrical power and its supplier after the introduction of the above-mentioned law. The opportunities of intelligent electricity metering systems are examined as well as their features and some of their characteristics are given.
On the example of the Verkhneuslonsky region of the Republic of Tatarstan, served by the branch of JSC “Network Company” Buinsky electrical networks, a comparative analysis of electrical power consumption is presented according to the data of those consumers who have smart metering devices installed and those who use ordinary counters. It is shown that installation of intelligent electric power metering systems made it possible to increase the useful power supply for the observed period by 15.5% in 2020 against 1.8% when using traditional counters for the same period of 2019.
The color of EPEA: Variability in the in situ bio-optical properties in the period 2000 - 2017
Authors: Ruiz Maria Guillermina , Lutz Vivian Alicia , Segura Valeria , Berghoff Carla Florencia , Negri Rubén Mario 
Published: October 2020

The “Estación Permanente de Estudios Ambientales” (EPEA, 38°28´ S 57°41´ W, Argentina) is an ecological time series of in situ observations started in 2000 aiming to assess changes in the marine environment and plankton communities under a global change scenario. Bio-optical properties are studied at EPEA since the color of the ocean undergoes temporal fluctuations, both for natural and anthropogenic causes. Here we assessed whether bio-optical properties at EPEA have changed during 2000-2017, identifying the occurrence of special events and inter-annual trends in these properties. An increasing trend in chlorophyll a concentration, possibly due to an increase in the smaller fraction of phytoplankton was observed. Although the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton did not follow a significant trend, it represented the occurrence of special events of high biomass suggesting that satellite information should be useful for the study site. The specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton and the blue to red absorption ratio showed high values in summer and low in winter, according to the probable dominance of different size cells and their expected acclimation to the light regime. These results emphasize the relevance of periodic bio-optical in situ observations in understanding coastal ecosystems in a context of climate change.
Parent training for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Shamaila Ijaz  , Farwa Rafaq  , Sonia Haider  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of behavior therapy training to mothers of autistic children on verbal and non-verbal improvement of their children.
Materials and Methods: A total of 33 mothers of autistic children were selected for training based on non-probability purposive sampling procedure. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Knowledge Scale was used to assess mothers’ knowledge about autism and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale was used for assessment of the communication skill in autistic children.
Results: This study revealed that behavior therapy training significantly improved communication skills of children with autism by training mothers. The results of paired t-test revealed that trained mothers developed improved communication skills.
Conclusion: These results showed improvement in communication skills of autistic children whose mothers were trained in behavior therapy.
Keywords: Behavior therapy, autism, training mothers.
Continuous...
Prevalence of Nutritional Anaemia with Association of (BMI) Body Mass Index among Karachi University students, Pakistan
Authors: Umme Hani Khan  , Ehtisham Asif  , Shafaq Aiyaz Hassan  , Raheela Rahmat Zohra  , Erum Hanif  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the health of University of Karachi students (aged 19 to 21) by observing the correlation of hemoglobin level with underweight BMI.
Methods: In this study 151 students were enrolled from the Department of Biotechnology, University of Karachi, Sindh Pakistan. Blood samples were collected and Haemoglobin estimation was performed by Sahli’s Haemoglobinometer. BMI of each student was calculated as per WHO criteria for South Asian.
Results: Out of 151 students, 60 (39.7%) students had anaemia, among which 41(27.1%) were showing grade 1 anaemia and 19(12.5%) were showing grade 2 anaemia. BMI results showed that 50 (33.1%) students were underweight whereas, 19(12.5%) students were overweight and 12( 7.9%) students were obese. Correlation showed that 34 (22.5%) students had anaemia with underweight BMI.
Conclusion: This study concluded that Anaemia with underweight BMI is more prevalent among females especially adolescent girls. This could be as they followed poor dietary habits and had some infections. This data evaluated the health status of University students on a small scale.
Keywords: Nutritional Anaemia, Haemoglobin, BMI, Sahli’s Method, WHO. Continuous...
To determine the efficacy of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in differentiating Cushing disease from ectopic Cushing syndrome
Authors: Muhammad Azeemuddin  , Tanveer Ul Haq  , Shahmeer Khan  , Raza Sayani  , Ayesha Shoukat Hussain  , Rumaisa Khan  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Management of endogenous Cushing syndrome is based on its aetiology. Increased Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) levels are the most common cause of this disorder and, therefore, it is critical to determine the source of ACTH before further management. Dynamic post contrast MRI is currently the most common investigation implied to diagnose pituitary adenoma; however, it comes with the drawback of low specificity and high false positive results.
Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is an established invasive procedure performed to differentiate central versus peripheral source of ACTH which, in turn, results in hypercortesolaemia. This is a series of 14 patients who underwent IPSS at the Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2006 to December 2018. The case series emphasises the role of IPSS in the management of ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome and combined efficacy of Dynamic post-contrast MRI and the procedure under focus. Continuous....
Utilisation of blood products at a centre in Pakistan. Is donating better than wasting?
Authors: Haya Ul Mujtaba  , Nida Anwar  , Naveena Fatima  , Imran Naseer  , Munira Borhany  , Tahir Shamsi  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the quantity and reasons of wastage of blood products. This was an observational study conducted from February 2018 to February 2019 at the National Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation (NIBD and BMT), PECHS campus. The study was approved by the institutional review board. Wastage and reasons of wastage for all the blood products were evaluated. Frequencies were calculated by using SPSS version 23.0. A total of 2,880 bags of blood products were available, including 960 each of platelets, packed red cells and fresh frozen plasma. The overall wastage rate was 3.5%. Packed red cells and platelets were fully consumed, yet shortage of supply was observed. However, highest wastage was observed in fresh frozen plasma i.e. 102 bags. Expiry of unused products 60 (59%) followed by broken bags 30 (29%) were two common modes of wastage. Continuous...
Registros fotográficos em asilos psiquiátricos: o que as expressões faciais revelam
Authors: Sá Regina de 
Published: October 2020

Em meados do século XIX , a fotografia surgia como importante ferramenta para diagnosticar pacientes com problemas psiquiátricos, uma técnica empregada por um dos mais importantes estudiosos de seu tempo, o britânico Hugh Welch Diamond. O psiquiatra do Surrey County Lunatic Asylum, Inglaterra, acreditava que o tratamento das desordens mentais alcançaria pleno êxito a partir do uso da fisiognomia, arte baseada na avaliação do caráter ou da personalidade de uma pessoa a partir das expressões faciais. Na segunda parte deste artigo, conexões entre os experimentos de Diamond e sua consecução por detrás das lentes de outros fotógrafos nos permite entabular análises teórico-iconográficas sobre o olhar dos pacientes do Hospital Psiquiátrico do Juqueri, em diferentes períodos, o que nos dá pistas sobre determinados indivíduos que profundamente observavam tanto quanto foram amplamente “apanhados pelo olho” da câmera. Assim como a máquina travava um diálogo carregado de simbologias e impressões, paralelamente, no campo das artes plásticas, seu representante maior, Van Gogh, assim registrou essa ambivalência ao produzir séries de autorretratos, especialmente no período em que esteve em uma instituição para doentes mentais, considerado como um dos mais criativos da carreira do artista.
The Value of Validating a Participatory Project
Authors: García Carrizosa Helena , Díaz Jara , Aparicio Elena 
Published: October 2020

The following paper is based on the experiences gathered during the European participatory research project ARCHES (Accessible Resources for Cultural Heritage EcyoSystems). The project was 3-years long during which participants with different access needs associated with communication, perception, memory and cognition designed and developed museum and technological resources. This paper will share the evaluation framework by which we evaluated the process of working together. It will also highlight the key lessons learned from the collaboration with participants, technology and museum partners related to:

The need to be open to change
The need to be patient and manage time flexibly
The need to disseminate the project from the beginning of the project
¡A las trincheras! Arte, terapia y el MoMA en guerra
Authors: Torres Sara 
Published: October 2020

Esta investigación parte de la pregunta: ¿por qué la presencia de la arteterapia es tan escasa en los museos de arte estadounidenses? La respuesta a esta pregunta se arraiga en las historias de la educación artística y la arteterapia. Es por esta razón que un caso de estudio histórico puede favorecer reflexiones en torno a las cuales estructurar un diálogo más amplio en el contexto presente. El caso que he elegido tuvo lugar en los primeros años de la arteterapia en estados unidos (años 1940) en un museo de arte que inicialmente abrazó la práctica de la arteterapia para rechazarla después por inadecuada: El Museo de Arte Moderno de Nueva York (MoMA).
En la década de 1940, cuando la arteterapia era un campo relativamente nuevo en psicología y arte, el MoMA vio en su uso una manera de responder a su responsabilidad histórica: la reinserción de veteranos que volvían de combatir en la Segunda Guerra Mundial en la vida civil.
Una vez acabada la guerra, hubo una escisión entre los que apoyaban la arteterapia y el MoMA. En este ensayo exploro las razones detrás del final del interés del museo por la arteterapia. Lo hago estudiando la documentación producida por el MoMA durante los años de la guerra (1939-45) y la posterior campaña para desacreditar la arteterapia. Arraigando el florecimiento de la arteterapia en el MoMA en el contexto de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y su posterior caída en desgracia mi objetivo es identificar hilos de discusión que puedan facilitar conversaciones futuras que puedan aportar respuestas al hecho de que la arteterapia no haya adquirido aceptación entre los museos de arte.
Note on integral closures of semigroup rings
Authors: Matsuda Ryuki 
Published: October 2020

Let $S$ be a subsemigroup which contains 0 of a torsion-free abelian (additive) group. Then $S$ is called a grading monoid (or a $g$-monoid). The group $ \{s-s'|s,s'\in S\}$ is called the quotient group of $S$, and is denored by $q(S)$. Let $R$ be a commutative ring. The total quotient ring of $R$ is denoted by $q(R)$. Throught the paper, we assume that a $g$-monoid properly contains $ \{0\}$. A commutative ring is called a ring, and a non-zero-divisor of a ring is called a regular element of the ring. We consider integral elements over the semigroup ring $ R[X;S]$ of $S$ over $R$. Let $S$ be a $g$-monoid with quotient group $G$. If $ n\alpha\in S$ for an element $ \alpha$ of $G$ and a natural number $n$ implies $ \alpha\in S$, then $S$ is called an integrally closed semigroup. We know the following fact: ${\bf Theorem~1}$ ([G2, Corollary 12.11]). Let $D$ be an integral domain and $S$ a $g$-monoid. Then $D[X;S]$ is integrally closed if and only if $D$ is an integrally closed domain and $S$ is an integrally closed semigroup. Let $R$ be a ring. In this paper, we show that conditions for $R[X;S]$ to be integrally closed reduce to conditions for the polynomial ring of an indeterminate over a reduced total quotient ring to be integrally closed (Theorem 15). Clearly the quotient field of an integral domain is a von Neumann regular ring. Assume that $q(R)$ is a von Neumann regular ring. We show that $R[X;S]$ is integrally closed if and only if $R$ is integrally closed and $S$ is integrally closed (Theorem 20). Let $G$ be a $g$-monoid which is a group. If $R$ is a subring of the ring $T$ which is integrally closed in $T$, we show that $R[X;G]$ is integrally closed in $T[X;S]$ (Theorem 13). Finally, let $S$ be sub-$g$-monoid of a totally ordered abelian group. Let $R$ be a subring of the ring $T$ which is integrally closed in $T$. If $g$ and $h$ are elements of $T[X;S]$ with $h$ monic and $gh\in R[X;S]$, we show that $g\in R[X;S]$ (Theorem 24).
Oscillation for nonlinear delay difference equations
Authors: Tang X. H. 
Published: October 2020

The oscillatory behavior of the first order nonlinear delay difference equation of the form $$ x_{n+1} - x_n + p_n x_{n-k}^{\alpha} = 0, ~~~ n = 0, 1, 2, \ldots ~~~~~~~ \eqno{(*)} $$ is investigated. A necessary and sufficient condition of oscillation for sublinear equation (*) ($ 0 < \alpha < 1 $) and an almost sharp sufficient condition of oscillation for superlinear equation (*) ($ \alpha > 1 $) are obtained.
A study on bornological properties of the space of entire functions of several complex variables
Authors: Abdul-Hussein Mushtaq Shaker , Srivastava G. S. 
Published: October 2020

Spaces of entire functions of several complex variables occupy an important position in view of their vast applications in various branches of mathematics, for instance, the classical analysis, theory of approximation, theory of
topological bases etc. With an idea of correlating entire functions with certain aspects in the theory of basis in locally convex spaces, we have investigated in this paper the bornological aspects of the space $X$ of integral functions of several complex variables. By $Y$ we denote the space of all power series with positive radius of convergence at the origin. We introduce bornologies on $X$
and $Y$ and prove that $Y$ is a convex bornological vector space which is the completion of the convex bornological vector space $X$.
Thick Plate Bending and Image Processing Algorithms Assistant for Deformation Process Discretization Analyses
Authors: SHEN Longzhang , QIU Changjun , WU Xiaoyan , LIU Yong 
Published: October 2020

The mechanism of three-point thick plate bending finished via the specially designed experiment device in this paper. The deformation process discretization analysis completed via gridding method. T2 copper thick plate was chosen as the subject for the experiment, and the ratio of punch radius to sheet thickness was R/t = 1 and 2. The surface of the specimen was meshed by use of fine ink pen. The forming process was accomplished on the experimental facility of three-point free of sheet metal bending. And photos of the specimen in the forming process were recorded on every moment by use of digital camera. The grid pictures of specimen were gotten by image processing, and the accuracy is comparable with finite element analysis. Compared with the grid pictures, the inside and outside of the thick plate bending angle wasn’t strict equaled in the forming process, and there was a trend that the angle would increase gradually from inside to outside. The angle difference would be decreased under the effect of the correction force after spring-back.
Collaboration to Counter Fresh Water Scarcity and Promote Human Security
Authors: Fratantuono Michael , House Sarah , Weisman Sam 
Published: October 2020

In the autumn of 2017, two professors and 13 undergraduate students from Dickinson College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania, US) engaged in 3 weeks of field research in Nepal. The students were assigned to one of four teams. Each was assisted by a pair of graduate students affiliated with Tribhuvan University (Kathmandu, Nepal). Each team conducted numerous semi-structured interviews in one of four wards of the Panchkahl Municipality of Kavrepalanchok District. When they returned to the US, each student team generated a 50-page report that summarized their findings. To frame the findings of those reports, the authors of this chapter constructed a basic yet original systems model. Their analysis suggests: (1) the importance of collaboration among system participants as the key to developing the capabilities needed to adapt to fresh water shortages and enhance prospects for human security and (2) the need for further system transformation to further promote adaptation.