bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCAT-1 Facilitates Breast Cancer Progression via Enhancing Oxygen-independent Stability of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α
Authors: Wang Jianlong , Chen Xuyi , Zhang Ning , Gao Jianzhao , Liu Bin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Hypoxia induces a series of cellular adaptive responses that enable to promote inflammation and cancer development. However, only few have been fully characterized about the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hypoxia-associated cancer progression. Methods: The involvement of lncRNAs in hypoxia-related cancer progression was screened by qRT-PCR. Based on the public databases and integrating bioinformatics analysis, the alteration of prostate cancer associated transcript-1 (PCAT-1) in breast cancer tissues was detected and validated in a cohort of breast cancer tissues. Overexpression and knocking down experiments were performed to uncover the biological roles of PCAT-1 on cell hypoxia-associated phenotypes and biological behaviors. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down were carried out to reveal the physical interaction between PCAT-1 and receptor of activated protein-C kinase-1 (RACK1). Moreover, xenograft mouse models were used to evaluate the influence of PCAT-1 on cancer progression and metastasis in vivo.Results: We identified PCAT-1 as a hypoxia-inducible lncRNA that regulated the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stability, crucial for cancer progression. Extensive analyses of clinical data indicated that PCAT-1 was elevated in breast cancer patients and was associated with pathological grade, tumor size and poor clinical outcomes. Through gain and loss of function experiments, we found that PCAT-1 promoted hypoxia-associated breast cancer progression including growth, migration, invasion, colony formation, and metabolic regulation. Mechanistically, PCAT-1 directly interacted with RACK1 protein and prevented RACK1 from binding to HIF-1α, thus protecting HIF-1α from RACK1-induced oxygen-independent degradation.Conclusions: These findings provide a new insight into lncRNA-mediated mechanisms for HIF-1α stability and suggest that a novel role of PCAT-1 as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Time-sequential Neuroinflammatory Response After Organophosphate-induced Status Epilepticus
Authors: Maupu Clémence , Enderlin Julie , Igert Alexandre , Auvin Stéphane , Hassan-Abdi Rahma , Soussi-Yanicostas Nadia , Brazzolotto Xavier , Nachon Florian , Bo Grégory Dal , Dupuis Nina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Organophosphate compounds (OPs), either pesticides or chemical warfare agents are characterized by irreversible cholinesterase inhibition. In addition to severe peripheral symptoms, high doses of OPs can lead to seizures and status epilepticus (SE). Long lasting seizure activity and subsequent neurodegeneration promote neuroinflammation leading to profound pathological alterations of the brain. The aim of this study was to characterize neuroinflammatory responses at key time points after DFP-induced SE.Methods: SE was induced by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) injection in male Swiss mice. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses of microglial (Iba1) and astrocytic (GFAP) cell markers were studied at 1, 4, 24 h and 3 days post-SE in the hippocampus. In parallel, using RT-qPCR, microglial and astrocytic phenotype markers were quantified on isolated CD11B (microglia) and GLAST (astrocytes)-positive cells after DFP-induced SE.Results: At earlier stages (1-4 h) after SE, although IHC analysis presented no modification, an increase in pro-inflammatory (M1-like) markers and A2-specific markers was observed in CD11B and GLAST-positive isolated cells respectively. Microglial cells sequentially expressed immuno-regulatory (M2b-like) and anti-inflammatory (M2a-like) at 4 h and 24 h of SE induction. At later stages (24 h and 3 days), microglial and astrocytic activations were visible by IHC and Iba1-positive cells were increased in number in DFP animals compared to controls. Finally, at these later stages, A1-specific markers were increased in isolated astrocytes.Conclusions: Our work identified sequential microglial and astrocytic phenotype activations. Although the role of each phenotype in SE cerebral consequences requires further study, targeting specific markers at specific time point could be a beneficial strategy for OP-induced SE treatment.
Disrespect and Abuse During Facility‐Based Childbirth in North Showa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Adinew Yohannes Mehretie , Hall Helen , Marshall Amy , Kelly Janet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Respectful maternity care is a fundamental human right, and an important component of quality maternity care that every childbearing woman should receive. Disrespect and abuse during childbirth is not only a violation of a women’s rights, it is associated with a reduction in the number of women accessing professional maternity services and increases the risk of maternal mortality. This study investigated women’s experience of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 435 randomly selected women who had given birth at public health facility within the previous twelve months in North showa zone of Ethiopia. A structured, researcher administered questionnaire was used with data collected using digital, tablet-based tools. Participants’ experiences were measured using the seven categories and verification criteria of disrespect and abuse identified by White Ribbon Alliance. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association between experience of disrespect and abuse and interpersonal and structural factors at p-value < 0.05 and OR values with 95% conﬁdence interval. Results: All participants reported at least one form of disrespect and abuse during childbirth. Types of disrespect and abuse experienced by participants were; physical abuse 435(100%), non-consented care 423(97.2%), non-confidential care 288 (66.2%), abandonment/ neglect (34.7%), non-dignified care 126(29%), discriminatory care 99(22.8%) and detention 24(5.5%). Hospital birth [AOR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.75, 5.27], rural residence [AOR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.76, 2.71], monthly household income less than 1,644 Birr (USD 57) [AOR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.20, 4.26], being attended by female providers [AOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.86] and midwifery nurses [AOR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.13, 4.39] showed positive association with experience of disrespect and abuse. Conclusion: The level of disrespect and abuse is high and its drivers and enablers include both structural and interpersonal factors. Expanding the size and skill mix of professionals in the preferred facilities (hospitals), and sensitizing care providers and health managers regarding the magnitude and consequences of D&A are strategies that could possibly promote more dignified and respectful maternity care.
Morphological, Molecular and Ecological Characterization of a Native Isolate of Steinernema Feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) From Southern Chile
Authors: Flores Patricia A , Alvarado Andrea , Lankin Gabriela O. , Lax Paola , Prodan Simona , Aballay Erwin O 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Steinernema feltiae is an entomopathogenic nematode used in biological control programs with a global distribution. It has been shown that populations of S. feltiae may have phenotypic plasticity derived from local adaptation and may vary in different traits, such as location and penetration of the host. This is the first time that a Chilean isolate has been described in detail, taking into account morphological, molecular and ecological characteristics. Methods: S. fealtiae was detected a few years ago in southern regions of Chile in the town Lican Ray and was morphologically and morphometrically described, along with a molecular description based on the ITS and D2-D3 regions. Some ecological characteristics were determined, including the temperature requirements for completion of its life cycle and the effect of three water levels in soil for optimal reproduction. Results: Morphometric characteristics of different life stages show large intraspecific variability in averages and ranks compared with isolates from different geographical origins. The molecular data also show intraspecific variability with respect to other isolates. The lower, optimal and higher temperatures found to limit the infestation and reproduction of Galleria mellonella were 10, 20 and 30 °C respectively, and emergence from the host larvae occurred approximately ten days after inoculation. Differences were observed in offspring emerging from the host, and the 120 infective juveniles (IJ)/larvae dose was the most prolific at 20 °C. The water content of the soil did not affect the number of infective juvenile invaders, penetration efficacy (%), and time of emergence of the IJ or offspring per larvae, but it caused a delay in achieving full mortality at the permanent wilting point with respect to saturation and field capacity.Conclusions: Data obtained in this study are valuable since they outline some environmental requirements of this strain to perform optimally in the event of being used as a soil pest bioantagonist.
Mathematical Modeling of The Weight of Grain Straw during Conveying in Vertical Conveying Reaper Windrow
Authors: Tefera Getaw Ayay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Analyzing the total weight of cut straws inside the conveyor is important in a vertical conveyor reapers machines to optimize the supply energy into the lugged belt conveyor system. This weight was mathematically modeled by considering the working mechanism of vertical conveyor reapers machines, corelating feeding rate of cut straws from cutter to conveyor and conveying rates of lugged belt conveyor. Then the mathematical model for total weight was defined by determining numbers of cut straws in front of each cutters or knives. The defined equation shows that the feed rate of cut straws into the conveyor is in arithmetic sequence fashion with equal initial value and common difference. The total weight of cut straws equation is an arithmetic series with positive common difference. The equation also shows that the numbers of cut straws in the conveyor increased in arithmetic progression when the numbers of cutters or knives increased. In general, the weight of cut straws in conveyor depends on mass of straw, gravitational acceleration, numbers of cutters or knives, forward speed of reaper, spacing of lugs, angular speed of conveyor pulley, diameter of conveyor pulley and diameter of straw.
Tectonic Tremors in the Northern Mexican Subduction Zone Remotely Triggered by the 2017 Mw8.2 Tehuantepec Earthquake
Authors: Miyazawa Masatoshi , Santoyo Miguel Ángel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Surface waves from the 2017 Mw8.2 Tehuantepec earthquake remotely triggered tectonic tremors in the Jalisco region, approximately 1000 km WNW in the northern Mexican subduction zone. This is the first observation of tremor triggering in this region and one of the largest known examples of triggered tremor in the world. While prior studies found tectonic tremors triggered by teleseismic waves in subduction zones and plate boundaries, further investigation of tremor triggering is crucially important for understanding the causative mechanism. We calculate the stress and strain changes across the three-dimensional plate interface attributable to seismic waves from the earthquake by full wavefield simulation. The maximum magnitude of the dynamic strain tensor eigenvalues on the plate interface, where tremors likely occur, is approximately 10-6. The subducting slab geometry effectively amplifies triggering waves. The triggering Coulomb failure stress changes resolved for a thrust fault plane consistent with the geometry are estimated at approximately 10-40 kPa. The relationship between the triggering stress and triggered tremor amplitude may indicate that the aσ of the rate-state-dependent friction law is 10 to 100 kPa.
Ficus Erecta Thunb. Leaves Protect Against Cognitive Deficit and Neuronal Damage in a Mouse Model of Amyloid-β-induced Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sohn Eunjin , Kim Yu Jin , Kim Joo-Hwan , Jeong Soo-Jin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is linked to amyloid plaque accumulation, neuronal loss, and brain inflammation. Ficus erecta Thunb. is a food and medicinal plant used to treat inflammatory diseases. Methods: we investigated the neuroprotective effects of F. erecta Thunb. against cognitive deficit and neuronal damage in a mouse model of amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced AD. Results: First, we confirmed the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of F. erecta (EEFE) leaves on Aβ aggregation in vivo and in vitro. Next, behavioral tests (passive avoidance task and Morris water maze) revealed EEFE markedly improved cognitive impairment in Aβ-injected mice. Furthermore, EEFE reduced neuronal loss and the expression of neuronal nuclei (NeuN), a neuronal marker, in brain tissues of Aβ-injected mice. EEFE significantly reversed Aβ-induced suppression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, indicating neuroprotection was mediated by CREB/BDNF signaling. Moreover, EEFE significantly suppressed the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and expression of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), a marker of microglial activation, in brain tissues of Aβ-injected mice, suggesting anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Conclusions: Taken together, EEFE protected against cognitive deficit and neuronal damage in AD-like mice via activation of CREB/BDNF signaling and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines.
Adsorption and photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped cellulose nanofibers/nano-titanium dioxide for different types of dyes
Authors: Li Yumei , Pan Ying , Zhang Bin , Liu Rongzhan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cu-doped cellulose nanofibers/nano-titanium dioxide (Cu-TOCN/TiO2) photocatalysts were prepared by the hydrolysis-precipitation method using TiCl4 as the source of titanium and cellulose nanofibers suspension as a reaction medium. The prepared photocatalysts were used to decolorize organic dyes (reactive brilliant red K-2BP and cationic red X-GRL) efficiently under the synergistic effect of simultaneous adsorption and photocatalysis. The combination of TOCN inhibited the growth of TiO2 crystals, reduced agglomeration and increased the specific surface area. When compared with TiO2, TOCN/TiO2 improved the decolorization efficiency of the two dyes by 14.82% and 22.87%, respectively, under UV-light irradiation. The absorption edge exhibited red-shift from 380 to 410 nm after Cu doping. An excellent photocatalytic activity was recorded by 0.5 mol % Cu-TOCN/TiO2 and the decolorization efficiency of the two dyes was further improved by 34.76% and 10.44% respectively, compared with no Cu doping. After 2 hours of irradiation, the decolorization efficiency reached 96.57% and 99.73% respectively, while under dark conditions, it was 47.64% and 91.56% for the two dyes. The degradation mechanism of the dyes was verified as the destruction of the azo chromophore and benzene ring. This work provides a potential method for the development of a novel adsorptive photocatalyst with excellent recyclability.
In vitro Assay Revealed Mismatches between Guide RNA and Target DNA can Enhance Cas9 Nuclease Activity
Authors: Luan Ji , Li Zhen , Wang Hailong , Fu Jun , Zhang Youming 
Published: September 2020

Background:
CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful technology that allows us to modify DNA sequences
in a specific manner across a variety of organisms. Due to its high efficiency and specificity,
and ease of use, it becomes a commonly used method for gene editing. Although many structural
and biochemical studies have been carried out to understand the fundamental mechanism of
CRISPR/Cas9, our understanding of CRISPR/Cas9 caused off-target effects is still lacking.

Methods:
The enhanced in vitro cleavage activity of Cas9 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes
(SpCas9) was evaluated by both synthetic crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes and in vitro transcribed single
guide RNAs.

Results:
Here, we report an unexpected finding that mismatches between the guide RNA and target
DNA significantly enhanced the in vitro cleavage activity of SpCas9 by more than 2 folds.

Conclusion:
Our observation that mismatches between the guide RNA and target DNA can dramatically
increase the in vitro cleavage of Cas9 suggests the potential sequence preference for the
CRSIPR/Cas9 system.
Comparative Study on Polyphenols Content and Antioxid ant Activity of Three Sweet Peppers Varieties (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Hemmami Hadia , Seghir Bachir Ben , Rebiai Abdelkrim , Khelef Abdelhamid , Soumeia Zeghoud 
Published: September 2020

Background:The genus Capsicum contains various sweet and hot pepper varieties, including Capsicum annum L. The various species in this genus are used as herbs, vegetables, or medicines, and recent studies have shown that they are a rich source of bioactive compounds as well.Objective:In this study, our objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activity as well as the content of phenols (TPC), the content of flavonoids (TFC) and total condensed tannins (TCT) of ethanolic extracts of the fresh and dried sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L.Methods:The antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined using different biochemical assays, namely diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing power (FRAP). The total phenolic contents (TPC) were determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method. Total flavonoid content was measured by the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to identify the phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts.Results:The obtained results showed the presence of considerable amounts of total phenolic (757.3±3.5 mgGAE/100g), flavonoid (482.66±1.5 mgQE/100g) and Condensed Tannins (15.97±0.5 mg GAE/100g) content in dry red pepper extract. The use of HPLC has allowed the identification of Gallic Acid, Ascorbic Acid, Chlorogenic Acid, Caffeic Acid, Quercetin, Vanillin, and Rutin in pepper ethanolic extracts. Green and yellow dry peppers contain significant amounts of gallic acid exceeding (134.0 μg /mg). The fresh yellow and red peppers also contained significant amounts of Quercetin exceeding (109.3 μg/mg), the dry red pepper has the strongest antioxidant activity.Conclusion:In conclusion, these findings can be regarded as very promising and justify further study, including the identification of antioxidant components in pepper extracts. Our work constitutes a first step in the study of fresh and dry sweet pepper as a promising source of natural antioxidants.
Peran Perempuan dalam Berita Pelecehan Seksual pada Jakarta detik.com
Authors: Khoirunisa Andini 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini memebahas peran wanita pada berita pelecehan seksual di JAKARTA DETIK.COM. Dalam pemberitaan ini dijelaskan bagaimana asal mula terjadinya pelaporan pelecehan seksual pada korban, di dalam berita yang berjudul “Pengakuan Wanita Korban Pelecehan Seksual di Malaysia Airlines” ada beberapa pilihan kata yang disengaja atau tidak menunjukkan betapa wanita dipandang sebelah mata dan dimarginalkan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis akan menggunakan teori pendekatan Sarah Mills karena menjadikan wacana feminisme sebagai pusaran kajiannya. Sara Mills menerabas isu-isu perempuan seperti bagaimana perempuan ditampilkan dalam teks, gambar, foto serta dalam berita. Hal ini yang menjadi dasar sehingga pendekatan teori wacana Sara Mills dikenal pula dengan wacana persektif feminis. Terkait dengan posisi aktor dalam teks, maka yang perlu diperhatikan adalah bagaimana subyek-obyek menempatkan representasi sebagai bagian terpenting. Dengan demikian hal ini mengarah kepada bagaimana satu pihak, kelompok, orang, gagasan dan peristiwa direpresentasikan dengan teknik tertentu dalam wacana dan menghadirkan makna kepada publik. Setelah dilakukan kajian-kajian seputar bagaimana seorang wanita disuarakan dalam berita ini, maka kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik adalah JAKARTA DETIK.COM tidak begitu menyuarakan sang korban pelaku pelecehan seksual (wanita), karena dalamberita ini menggunakan beberapa kata yang cenderung memihak pelaku pelecehan seksual bukan malah membela si korban.
Fenomena Penggantian Fonem pada Kata Celaan di Kalangan Remaja
Authors: Kurniadi Fajar 
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan bahasa mengikuti perkembangan manusia dan interaksinya. Berbanding lurus antara semakin beragam dan banyaknya interaksi manusia. Terutama di kalangan remaja, di mana interaksi dan pergaulan adalah hal yang harus dilakukan demi mengembangkan potensi di berbagai bidang. Tidak ayal lagi, pemerolehan dan penggunaan bahasa remaja pun beragam. Keberagaman ini merupakan warnawarni dalam pergaulan, di antaranya sapaan akrab, tempat berkumpul, media sosial, dan berbagai topik pembicaaan kekinian termasuk kata celaan. Sebenarnya kata celaan ini digunakan sebagai candaan semata, tetapi tidak jarang juga mengundang emosi. Oleh karena itu, terdapat fenomena baru dalam dunia kebahasaan remaja dengan mengganti beberapa fonem atau susunan fonem pada kata celaan agar lebih terdengar halus dan tidak menyinggung. Adapun tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan selama tiga bulan ini adalah menangkap perilaku bahasa remaja dalam penggunaan kata celaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara (tidak terstruktur) pada lebih dari 300 responden. Hasilnya pun mengejutkan, fenomena menggunakan kata celaan sudah dianggap lumrah dan menjadi bumbu dalam pergaulan.Beberapa kata celaan seperti (maaf) “Anjing” mengalami pengubahan menjadi “Anjay”, atau “Anjrit”, atau “Njiir”. Demikian hal nya pada kata (maaf) “Kampret” mengalami pengubahan menjadi “Kamvret” dan beberapa kata lain yang mengalami pengubahan fonem.
Deletion pada Penerjemahan Directive Speech Act Film The Maze Runner
Authors: Maryam Dewi 
Published: September 2020

Directive Speech Act sangat erat kaitannya dengan konteks, maksud penutur serta respon lawan tutur. Penerjemahan directive speech act berorientasi pada kesepadanan yang didasarkan pada tersampaikannya makna direktif tuturan tersebut. Namun, dalam proses penerjemahannya, penyelarasan pada teks sumber dilakukan. Hal ini berdampak pada makna dan fungsi yang bisa saja bergeser. Dalam menerjemahkan directive speech act, deletion sering kali terjadi. Hal ini menimbulkan pergeseran dari aspek leksikal. Pada proses penerjemahan, deletion dilakukun untuk mengurangi satuan lingual supaya dapat sedekat mungkin dengan bahasa pada teks sasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk deletion pada Directive Speech Act Film The Maze Runner beserta fungsinya. Data dikumpulkan melalui proses transkripsi, catat serta dianalisis secara kontekstual dengan bantuan tabel klasifikasi dan disajikan secara deskriptif dari perhitungan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 30 data yang mengandung strategi deletion pada terjemahannya, ditemukan 19 (63,3%) berada pada tataran kata, 1 (3,3%) berada pada tataran frasa dan 10 (33,3%) berada pada tataran kalimat. Deletion terjadi pada tataran kata hingga kalimat. Deletion memiliki fungsi dalam penerjemahan. Ditemukan beberapa fungsi deletion, yaitu simplifikasi, reduksi repetisi dan mengeliminasi satuan lingual yang tidak memiliki peran utama dalam tuturan direktif. Dengan ini, Deletion terjadi dalam penerjemahan untuk mencapai fungsi-fungsi tertentu supaya hasil terjemahan pada teks sasaran dapat menjadi sepadan tanpa mengurangi esensi utama dari fungsi direktif pada directive speech act.