bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzo[a]pyrene promotes progression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Linxuan , Xiao Xiaofen , Yao Yupeng , Yu Jianping , Chen Qingjian , Liang Puping , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesBenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a member of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) family. Although the potent carcinogenicity of high‐dose B[a]P has been extensively reported, the effects of long‐term exposure to B[a]P on the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) are poorly understood.MethodsIn the present study, TSCC cells were treated with 5 or 50 nM of B[a]P for three months. The proliferation and chemoresistance of B[a]P‐treated cells to 5‐fluorouracil or cisplatin were detected by CCK8. The motility of the B[a]P‐treated cells was evaluated with wound healing analysis, invasion assay, and three‐dimensional culture in decellularized mouse tongue matrix. Xenograft assay was used to investigate the aggressiveness of B[a]P‐treated cells. Immunofluorescence staining, terminal restriction fragment assay, and whole‐genome sequence were used to determine the mutation spectrums.ResultsLong‐term 50 nM B[a]P‐treated cells exhibited increased aggressiveness and chemoresistance to 5‐fluorouracil or cisplatin. In addition, data from whole‐genome sequencing demonstrated that C:T to A:T transitions were the predominant nucleotide substitutions occurred in 50 nM B[a]P‐treated CAL27 cells. Furthermore, 102 non‐synonymous or stop‐gain mutations were enriched in the extracellular‐matrix‐receptor interactive pathway.ConclusionsB[a]P exposure may contribute to genomic instability, and therefore, B[a]P may promote the progression of TSCC.
A family‐based genome‐wide association study of recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Bankvall Maria , Östman Sofia , Jontell Mats , Torinsson Naluai Åsa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aetiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) remains unknown. Individuals may share features of genetic susceptibility, and there may also be a hereditary component. The aim was to identify patterns of association and segregation for genetic variants and to identify the genes and signalling pathways that determine the risk of developing RAS, through a family‐based genome‐wide association study (GWAS).Subjects and methodsDNA was extracted from buccal swabs of 91 individuals in 16 families and analysed in an Illumina core exome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A family‐based association test (dFAM) was used to derive SNP association values across all chromosomes.ResultsNone of the final 288,452 SNPs reached the genome‐wide significant threshold of 5 × 10–8. The most significant pathways were the Ras and PI3K‐Akt signalling pathways, pathways in cancer, circadian entrainment and the Rap 1 signalling pathway.ConclusionsThis confirms that RAS is not monogenic but results as a consequence of interactions between multiple host genes and possibly also environmental factors. The present approach provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying RAS and raises the possibility of identifying individuals at risk of acquiring this condition.
Direct Anterior Approach Versus Posterolateral Approach in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Yang Xian‐teng , Huang Hai‐feng , Sun Li , Yang Zhen , Deng Chao‐yong , Tian Xiao‐bin 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the early rehabilitation effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the direct anterior approach (DAA) versus the posterior approach (PA).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google databases from inception to June 2019 to select studies that compared the DAA and PA for THA. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included. Two researchers independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality. A meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software provided by Cochrane Assisted Network.ResultsA total of 932 patients underwent THA. There were 467 cases in group DAA and 465 cases in group PA. There was a significant difference in the incidence of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury between DAA and PA groups (RR = 38.97, 95% CI: 7.89–192.57, P < 0.05). DAA was associated with less pain compared with PA [WMD = −0.65, 95% CI (−0.91–0.38), P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in operation time, hospitalization stay, and intraoperative bleeding volume. Moreover, in supplementary data, the number of acetabular prostheses in Lewinnek's safety zones in DAA was more than that in the PA group (RR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.04–1.39], P < 0.05), and the time of discontinuation of walking aids in the DAA group was earlier than that in the PA group (WMD = −11.05, 95% CI [−17.79–4.31], P < 0.05).ConclusionThe DAA total hip arthroplasty has comparable results with PA, with earlier postoperative functional recovery, less postoperative pain scores, and higher incidence of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury. The results need to be validated by large‐sample, high‐quality RCT studies, and long‐term follow‐up of complications.
Liposomal Bupivacaine Single‐Injection Compared With Continuous Local Anesthetic Nerve Blocks for Painful Surgeries: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Liu Lue , Yang Zhiyong , Lu Kaizhi , Yi Bin , Yang Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether liposomal bupivacaine (LB) single‐injection could achieve an analgesic effect similar to that of continuous local anesthetic nerve blocks (CNBs) after painful surgeries.MethodsEmbase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a modified Jadad score ≥ 4 compared LB single‐injection with CNBs in patients after painful surgeries were included. The primary outcomes were VAS pain score and opioid consumption. The secondary outcomes were complications and length of hospital stay. Review Manager 5.3 and trial sequential analysis (TSA) 0.9.5.10 were used to analyze the extracted data.ResultsSix RCTs of 625 patients were included for meta‐analysis. Both groups in 5 RCTs described standard concomitant treatment with multimodal analgesia. There were no significant differences in mean VAS scores for postoperative day 0 (P = 0.12), day 1 (P = 0.18), and day 2 (P = 0.41); highest VAS scores for day 0 (P = 0.18), day 1 (P = 0.46), and day 2 (P = 0.18); total opioid consumption for day 0 (P = 0.05), day 1 (P = 0.28), and day 2 (P = 0.57); complications (P = 0.30); and length of hospital stay (P = 0.64) between the 2 groups. TSA of primary outcomes showed that all cumulative Z curves failed to cross the TSA boundary and did not reach the required information size.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis showed that LB single‐injection and CNBs have similar efficacy of pain relief and safety in patients after painful surgeries when concomitant with multimodal analgesia. However, the results of TSA indicate that further trials are still needed to confirm these findings.
HD‐ZIP IV gene Roc8 regulates the size of bulliform cells and lignin content in rice
Authors: Sun Jing , Cui Xuean , Teng Shouzhen , Kunnong Zhao , Wang Yanwei , Chen Zhenhua , Sun Xuehui , Wu Jinxia , Ai Pengfei , Quick William Paul , Lu Tiegang , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe morphology of bulliform cells located on the upper epidermis of leaves is one of the most important cell structures affecting leaf shape. Although many mechanisms regulating the development of bulliform cells have been reported, the fine regulatory mechanisms governing this process have rarely been described. To identify novel components regulating rice leaf morphology, a mutant showing a constitutively rolling phenotype from the seedling stage to flowering, known as crm1‐D, was selected for further analysis. Anatomical analyses in crm1‐D were attributable to the size reduction of bulliform cells. The crm1‐D was controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene. Map‐based cloning revealed that Roc8, an HD zipper class IV family member, was responsible for the crm1‐D phenotype. Notably, the 50‐bp sequence in the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of the Roc8 gene represses Roc8 at the translational level. Moreover, the roc8 knockdown lines notably increased the size of bulliform cells. A series of assays revealed that Roc8 negatively regulates the size of bulliform cells. Unexpectedly, Roc8 was also observed to positively mediate lignin biosynthesis without incurring a production penalty. The above results show that Roc8 may have a practical application in cultivating materials with high photosynthetic efficiency and low lignin content.
TiO2 Photocatalyzed Degradation of the Azo Dye Disperse Red 1 in Aqueous Micellar Environments†
Authors: Pino Eduardo , Calderón Cristian , Castro Piero 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe photoinduced degradation of the azo dye Disperse Red 1 was studied in a microheterogeneous system comprising titanium oxide (TiO2) and sodium dodecyl sulfate, exposed to UV light. Degussa P25, Anatase and TiO2 synthesized in acidic conditions were supported on raschig rings. The TiO2 photocatalyzed degradation is enhanced in the vicinity of the surfactant critical micelle value. Further increase on the surfactant concentration leads to a loss in photodegradation performance up to values equivalent to that observed without surfactant. Surfactant influence can be explained by two different phenomena taking place. The increasing concentration of surfactant leads to an increase in micellar concentration, inducing the incorporation of the dye to the hydrophobic moiety of the micelles, rendering the hydroxyl radical unable to interact with the dye. Similarly, the increased concentration of micelles at the photocatalyst/water interface might lead to a decrease in the number of active sites on the TiO2 surface able to either generate reactive species and/or interact with de dye molecules. Additives such as H2O2, NaCl, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3 are able to override the influence of the surfactant both positively and negatively, being the final outcome of the influence highly dependent on the crystalline form of the TiO2 photocatalyst.
Robert Alexy and the Dual Nature of Law
Authors: Spaak Torben 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRobert Alexy's claim that law of necessity has a dual nature raises many interesting philosophical questions. In this article, I consider some of these questions, such as what the meaning of the correctness thesis is, whether Alexy's discourse theory supports this thesis, and whether the thesis is defensible; whether Alexy's argument from anarchy and civil war supports the claim that law of necessity has a real dimension; and what the implications are of the use of moral arguments, such as the argument from injustice, for the status of Alexy's inquiry.
Balanced versus unbalanced growth: Revisiting the forgotten debate with new empirics
Authors: Jiang Xiao , Caraballo‐Cueto Jose , Nguyen Chau 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe debate between balanced and unbalanced growth doctrines generated much heat after the publication of Rosenstein‐Rodan’s seminal work in 1943, but it vanished in the early 1980s. This paper empirically revisits this forgotten debate by first compiling a harmonized international data set that contains sectoral value‐added data for up to 177 countries over 45 years. This data set enables us to construct indices of sectoral growth imbalances for each country, which further allows us to update the key empirical tests for the balanced and unbalanced growth hypotheses that featured in the original debate. Moreover, we also conduct a panel regression analysis to systematically examine the association between sectoral balance (or imbalance) and per capita income growth. Overall, we find empirical support for the balanced growth hypothesis.
Transgender student experiences in single‐sexcolleges
Authors: Nanney Megan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article reviews popular and scholarly literature on transgender students' experiences who are enrolled in single‐sex colleges. Because such colleges rely on bounded conceptions of sex/gender to determine who can and cannot be eligible for admission, the enrollment and matriculation of transgender students pose a challenge to the central organizing logic of the single‐sex environment. As such, I first draw upon theorizations of gendered and queer organizations to highlight the utility of sociology in analyzing the transing of organizations through transgender inclusion. Using this framework, I then address trans student experiences at the time of admission and during matriculation at single‐sex colleges. These perspectives frame transgender inclusion as a new organizational form but one that is rooted in the social construction of transnormativity rather than institutional transformation.
Digital Transition by COVID‐19 Pandemic? The German Food Online Retail
Authors: Dannenberg Peter , Fuchs Martina , Riedler Tim , Wiedemann Cathrin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a sharp increase in online trade. This article examines the impact of the pandemic on online grocery retail in Germany. Here we follow and refine the multi‐level perspective by Geels, and examine to what extent and why the online grocery retail expanded during the pandemic. A particular focus is on the spatial expansion into rural areas. The study shows a general upswing in the grocery trade and disproportionately high growth in online grocery trade and identifies driving and limiting factors. While COVID‐19 has opened a window of opportunity, our results indicate little transition of grocery to e‐grocery. This finding can be explained by the sudden and temporary constellation at the level of the socio‐technical regime during the pandemic. As a result, we argue for a rethinking the temporality of windows of opportunities and the related vulnerability of the innovations which need them.
Qualitative risk assessment of transmission pathways of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus at live poultry markets in Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam SK Shaheenur , Akwar Holy , Hossain Md. Mehedi , Sufian Md. Abu , Hasan Md. Zakiul , Chakma Shovon , Meeyam Tongkorn , Chaisowwong Warangkhana , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak , Debnath Nitish C. , Brum Eric , Pichpol Duangporn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnalysis of environmental samples obtained from the Live Poultry Markets (LPMs) of Dhaka City, Bangladesh, has revealed that the highest degree of prevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI, H5N1), besides other subtypes of the LPAI virus, poses the plausible risk of transmission of these viruses between human and poultry species. The present study was conducted using the OIE risk analysis framework to assess the risk level of each pathway successively. The estimated risk parameters were integrated towards to obtain the overall risk level for each specific HPAI transmission pathway using the matrix adapted by Cristobel Zepeda accompanying other expert consultations. The relevant data obtained from published and unpublished sources, together with survey data of field observations, were used to formulate and confirm the risk pathways and their associated risks. The results revealed that the risk of the release of the HPAI virus was medium when exposure was high. Additionally, the consequence would be considered very high with a medium degree of uncertainty for all parameters. Ultimately, the overall risk for transmission was estimated as medium with a medium degree of uncertainty. The findings of this study reveal that there is a significant threat that HPAI virus transmission could occur among poultry and humans and effectively sustain within the environment of the LPMs. Our findings are primarily focused on public health considerations, the hygienic slaughter of poultry and the relevant cleaning and sanitation practices conducted in the LPMs to support evidence‐based decision‐making processes. The findings of the study have the potential to be used to formulate effective risk reduction measures and can be further adapted in low‐resource settings without major infrastructural changes required of the LPMs. All of which would reduce the risk of HPAI virus release and further lessen the degree of exposure and transmission in established LPMs.
Numerical Simulations of Flow Around Wall-Mounted Square and Trapezoidal Structures at High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Andersen Martin , Yin Guang , Ong Muk Chen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the present study, flow around symmetric trapezoidal wall-mounted structures with different slope angles of the two sides subjected to a boundary layer flow at Reynolds numbers of 1.19 × 105 and 1 × 106 (based on the height of the structures and the freestream velocity) is investigated using two-dimensional (2D) Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations combined with the k − ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. It is found that the drag coefficient of the wall-mounted square structures using the k − ω SST turbulence model is in good agreement with the available published experimental data. The effects of slope angles of the two sides on the hydrodynamic quantities and the flow fields around the structures have been investigated.
On Short-Term Fatigue Analysis for Wind Turbine Tower of Two Semi-Submersible Wind Turbines Including Effect of Startup and Shutdown Processes
Authors: Luan Chenyu , Moan Torgeir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFatigue limit state design check for offshore wind turbines is based on SN curves and the Palmgren–Miner rule approach and focuses normally on stationary processes for which startup and/or shutdown operations induced transient load processes are normally not accounted for. However, large databases of real-time measurements show that the shutdown and startup operations may appear in any operational conditions and the frequency of such operations could be considerable. Although design standards require fatigue design checks for the transient load processes induced by startup and shutdown operations, relevant publications addressing this issue are very limited in particular for floating wind turbines. This paper focuses on analyzing the importance of startup and shutdown induced transient load processes on fatigue damage in the tower of two MW-level horizontal axis semi-submersible wind turbines. The analysis is carried on by comparing short-term fatigue damage in several environmental conditions with and without the startup and shutdown induced transient load processes. It is found that, in many environmental conditions, startup and/or shutdown operations may make an increase in short-term fatigue damage by 10% to 100%, while in some situations, the fatigue damage may be increased by up to 200%. The importance of the transient load processes on long-term fatigue damage is related to the occurrence frequency of startup and shutdown events. Publicly available data indicate that the average time between two consecutive shutdown events might be less than 39 h. However, more data and analysis are needed regarding these issues.
Experimental Investigation of a Miniature Ejector Using Water as Working Fluid
Authors: Dong Jingming , Hu Qiuyu , Xia Yuxin , Song He , Ma Hongbin , Cui Wenbin , Liang Dalong , Pan Xinxiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation of a miniature ejector using water as the working fluid. The investigated ejector cooling system can utilize the thermal energy to be removed to power the cooling system and maintain the temperature of an electronic component below ambient temperature. The effects of working conditions, nozzle exit position (NXP), and area ratio on the coefficient of performance (COP) of ejector performance were investigated. Experimental results show that the miniature ejector can function well when the temperature in the high-temperature evaporator (HTE) ranges from 55 °C to 70 °C and can achieve a COP (coefficient of performance) of 0.66. With an increase of the NXP, the COP decreases, while the critical condensing pressure first increases and then decreases. As the area ratio of the miniature ejector increases, the COP increases, and the critical condensing pressure decreases.
Stroke-Hover Intent Recognition for Mid-Air Curve Drawing Using Multi-Point Skeletal Trajectories
Authors: Bohari Umema H. , Alli Ryan , Garcia Alejandra , Krishnamurthy Vinayak R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Drawing curves is a fundamental task in mid-air interactive applications such as 3D sketching, geometric modeling, hand-writing recognition, and authentication. Existing research in mid-air drawing is solely focused on determining what the user drew assuming that the intended curve is segmented from the continuous user-generated trajectory. In this work, our aim is to address the complementary problem: to determine when the user actually intended to draw without the use of any prescribed gestures or hand-held controllers (e.g., Wii remote, HTC Vive). In our previously published work, we demonstrated that in mid-air drawing tasks, not only it is possible to statistically learn drawing intent from hand motion, but it is also perceived to be more natural by users. Our idea was to simply classify each instance of hand trajectories as either a stroke or a hover. Our current work investigates new representations of the users’ motion beyond a single point (such as a tracked palm) to richer multi-point trajectories obtained with other skeletal joints such as wrist and elbow. We trained several binary classifiers on five such trajectory representations obtained from 3D drawing data from 25 users using a hand tracking device. We compare these representations and the corresponding classifiers for predicting user intent for mid-air drawing. Our extended approach resulted in improved prediction accuracy (mean: 80.17%, min: 79.92%, max: 91.30%) with respect to our earlier work (mean: 76.75%, min: 74.23%, max: 84.01%).
A Two-Phase Flow Model for Thermal Design of the Riser-Downcomer System Pertaining to a 600 MW Subcritical Boiler
Authors: Hossain Md Naim , Ghosh Koushik , Manna Nirmal Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present work, a numerical model is developed to analyze the riser-downcomer system of a natural circulation steam generator. The design and operation of the riser-downcomer system involve many complex issues such as multiphase flow inside the riser tubes, numerous possibilities of different flow regimes, and undesirable tube overheating due to the occurrence of critical heat flux (CHF). A separated flow model is developed to analyze steam-water two-phase flow inside the heated riser tubes. Further, the model is coupled with the implementation of the complex flow regime map and evaluation of wall temperature rise of the riser tubes. The present model is adequately validated with the existing experimental and numerical data as a direct problem. The model accuracy in predicting the tube dry-out and practical design is tested with the experimental data and real plant data, respectively. A typical 600 MW thermal power plant boiler is then investigated along with techno-economic efforts to find the possible design solutions of the boiler riser-downcomer circuit. The safe and unsafe zones of operations have been identified in the present study and, consequently, a range of feasible design solutions is provided in great detail. The diameters and thicknesses of the tubes used in the present analysis are in compliance with the ASME boiler code.