bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the genetic determinants underlying the differential production of an inducible chromosomal cephalosporinase - BlaB in Yersinia enterocolitica biotypes 1A, 1B, 2 and 4
Authors: Singhal Neelja , Pandey Deeksha , Singh Nambram Somendro , Kumar Manish , Virdi Jugsharan Singh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractYersinia enterocoliticais an enteric bacterium which can cause severe gastroenteritis. Beta-lactams are the most widely used antibiotics againstY. enterocolitica.Y. enterocoliticaproduces two chromosomal β-lactamases, BlaA and BlaB. BlaB is an Ambler Class C inducible broad spectrum cephlaosporinase which showed differential enzyme activity in different biotypes ofY. enterocolitica. The expression ofblaBis mainly regulated byampR- the transcriptional regulator and,ampD- which helps in peptidoglycan recycling. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize genetic determinants underlying differential enzyme activity of BlaB inY. enterocoliticabiotypes 1 A, IB, 2 and 4. Thus,ampR,blaBandampDwere PCR-amplified and modeledin silico. The intercistronic region containing promoters ofampRandblaBwas also investigated. Our results indicated thatblaBwas more inducible in biotypes 2 and 4, than in biotypes 1 A and 1B. Superimposition ofin silicomodeled proteins suggested that variations in amino acid sequences of AmpR, BlaB and AmpD were not responsible for hyper-production of BlaB in biotypes 2 and 4. Analysis of promoter regions ofampRandblaBrevealed variations at −30, −37 and −58 positions fromblaBtranscription start site. Studies on relative expression levels ofblaBin different biotypes by qRT-PCR indicated that nucleotide variations at these positions might contribute to a higher enzyme activity of BlaB in biotypes 2 and 4. However, this is a preliminary study and further studies including more strains of each biotype are required to strengthen our findings. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which has investigated the genetic determinants underlying differential inducible production of BlaB in different biotypes ofY. enterocolitica.
Responses of AG1 and AG2 QTL introgression lines and seed pre-treatment on growth and physiological processes during anaerobic germination of rice under flooding
Authors: Mondal Satyen , Khan M. Iqbal R. , Entila Frederickson , Dixit Shalabh , Sta. Cruz Pompe C. , Panna Ali M. , Pittendrigh Barry , Septiningsih Endang M. , Ismail Abdelbagi M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRice seeds germinating in flooded soils encounter hypoxia or even anoxia leading to poor seed germination and crop establishment. Introgression of AG1 and AG2 QTLs associated with tolerance of flooding during germination, together with seed pre-treatment via hydro-priming or presoaking can enhance germination and seedling growth in anaerobic soils. This study assessed the performance of elite lines incorporating AG1, AG2 and their combination when directly seeded in flooded soils using dry seeds. The QTLs were in the background of two popular varieties PSB Rc82 and Ciherang-Sub1, evaluated along with the donors Kho Hlan On (AG1) and Ma-Zhan Red (AG2) and recipient parents PSB Rc82 and Ciherang-Sub1. In one set of experiments conducted in the greenhouse, seedling emergence, growth, and carbohydrate mobilization from seeds were assessed. Metabolites associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging including malondialdehyde (MDA) as a measure of lipid peroxidation, ascorbate, total phenolic concentration (TPC), and activities of ROS scavenging enzymes were quantified in seeds germinating under control (saturated) and flooded (10 cm) soils. In another set of experiments conducted in a natural field with 3–5 cm flooding depths, control and pretreated seeds of Ciherang-Sub1 introgression lines and checks were used. Flooding reduced seedling emergence of all genotypes, though emergence of AG1 + AG2 introgression lines was greater than the other AG lines. Soluble sugars increased, while starch concentration decreased gradually under flooding especially in the tolerant checks and in AG1 + AG2 introgression lines. Less lipid peroxidation and higher α-amylase activity, higher ascorbate (RAsA) and TPC were observed in the tolerant checks and in the AG1 + AG2 introgression lines. Lipid peroxidation correlated negatively with ascorbate, TPC, and with ROS scavengers. Seed hydro-priming or pre-soaking increased emergence by 7–10% over that of dry seeds. Introgression of AG2 and AG1 + AG2 QTLs with seed pretreatment showed 101–153% higher emergence over dry seeds of intolerant genotypes in the field. Lines carrying AG1 + AG2 QTLs showed higher α-amylase activity, leading to rapid starch degradation and increase in soluble sugars, ascorbate, and TPC, together leading to higher germination and seedling growth in flooded soils. Seed hydro-priming or pre-soaking for 24 h also improved traits associated with flooding tolerance. Combining tolerance with seed management could therefore, improve crop establishment in flooded soils and encourage large-scale adoption of direct seeded rice system.
Effects of supplemental nitrogen application on physiological characteristics, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under waterlogging stress
Authors: Men Shengnan , Chen Honglin , Chen Shanghong , Zheng Shenghua , Shen Xueshan , Wang Changtao , Yang Zepeng , Liu Dinghui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWaterlogging stress is a common limiting factor for winter rapeseed, which greatly affects the growth and potential production. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of waterlogging with different durations (0day (D0), 6days (D6) and 9days (D9)) and supplemental nitrogen fertilization (N1, 0 kg ha−1; N2, 30 kg ha−1; N3, 60 kg ha−1 and N4, 90 kg ha−1) on the physiological characteristics, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in winter rapeseed (Chuanyou36). The results showed that the supplementary application of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively improve the physiological indexes of winter rapeseed in both pot and field experiments. The supplemental nitrogen increased the chlorophyll content in leaves, enhanced the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD, and decreased the MDA content in leaves and roots of rapeseed. The chlorophyll contents, the antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves and roots significantly increased under D6N3 and D9N4 conditions in both (pot and field) experiments. However, MDA contents significantly decreased compared with waterlogging without nitrogen application. Moreover, the application of nitrogen fertilizer after waterlogging increased the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in rapeseed at different growth stages. Therefore, waterlogging stress significantly inhibited the growth and development of rapeseed, but the application of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively reduce the damage of waterlogging. The N-induced increase in waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed might be attributed to the strong antioxidant defense system, maintenance of photosynthetic pigments and the nutrient balance.
Comparative and Phylogenetic Analyses of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Six Almond Species (Prunus spp. L.)
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Tao , Wang Hui-Ling , Li Zhen-Jian , Ni Jian-Wei , Su Shang , Xu Xin-Qiao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a source of genetic variation, almond germplasm resources are of great significance in breeding. To better reveal the mutation characteristics and evolution patterns of the almond chloroplast (cp) genome, the complete cp genomes from six almond species were analyzed. The lengths of the chloroplast genome of the six almond species ranged from 157,783 bp to 158,073 bp. For repeat sequence analysis, 53 pairs of repeats (30 bp or longer) were identified. A total of 117 SSR loci were observed, including 96 polymorphic SSR loci. Nine highly variable regions with a nucleotide variability (Pi) higher than 0.08, including rps16, rps16-psbK, atpF-atpH, rpoB, ycf3-rps4, rps4-ndhJ, accD-psaI and rps7-orf42 (two highly variable regions) were located. Based on the chloroplast genome evolution analysis, three species (P. tenella, P. pedunculata and P. triloba) and wild cherry (P. tomentosa) were grouped into clade I. Clade II consisted of two species (P. mongolica and P. tangutica) and wild peach (P. davidiana). Clade III included the common almond (P. dulcis), cultivated peach (P. persica) and GanSu peach (P. kansuensis). This result expands the researchers’ vision of almond plant diversity and promotes an understanding of the evolutionary relationship among almond species. In brief, this study provides abundant resources for the study of the almond chloroplast genome, and has an important reference value for study of the evolution and species identification of almond.
Contralateral Routing of Signal Systems Can Improve Speech Recognition and Comprehension in Dynamic Classrooms
Authors: Picou Erin M. , Davis Hilary , Lewis Dawna , Tharpe Anne Marie 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hearing aid–based rerouting systems (remote microphone [RM] and contralateral routing of signals [CROS]) on speech recognition and comprehension for children with limited usable hearing unilaterally. A secondary purpose was to evaluate students' perceptions of CROS benefits in classrooms.MethodTwenty children aged 10–16 years with limited useable hearing in one ear completed tasks of sentence recognition and comprehension in a laboratory. For both tasks, speech was presented from one of four loudspeakers in an interleaved fashion. Speech loudspeakers were either midline, monaural direct, or monaural indirect, and noise loudspeakers surrounded the participant. Throughout testing, the RM was always near the midline loudspeaker. Six established users of CROS systems completed a newly developed questionnaire that queried experiences in diverse listening situations.ResultsThere were no effects of RM or CROS use on performance for speech presented from front or monaural direct loudspeakers. However, for monaural indirect loudspeakers, CROS improved sentence recognition and RM impaired recognition. In the comprehension task, CROS improved comprehension by 11 rationalized arcsine units, but RM did not affect comprehension. Questionnaire results demonstrated that students report CROS benefits for talkers in the front and from the side, but not for situations requiring localization.ConclusionsThe results support CROS benefits without CROS disadvantages in a laboratory environment that reflects a dynamic classroom. Thus, CROS systems have the potential to improve hearing in contemporary classrooms for students, especially if there is only a single microphone.
Measuring Speech Production Development in Children With Cerebral Palsy Between 6 and 8 Years of Age: Relationships Among Measures
Authors: Natzke Phoebe , Sakash Ashley , Mahr Tristan , Hustad Katherine C. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Accurate measurement of speech intelligibility is essential for children with speech production deficits, but wide variability exists in the measures and protocols used. The current study sought to examine relationships among measures of speech intelligibility and the capacity of different measures to capture change over time.

Method
Forty-five children with cerebral palsy (CP) with and without speech motor impairment were observed at ages 6, 7, and 8 years. The speech performance of each child was rated using four measures at each time point: standardized articulation test scores, multiword intelligibility scores obtained from naïve listeners, parent ratings of intelligibility, and percent intelligible utterances obtained from language transcripts. We analyzed the correlations of measures within each age and within three different severity groups, and we analyzed how these measures changed year over year in each severity group.

Results
For children with CP who have mild and moderate speech deficits, different measures of speech production were weakly associated, and for children with CP with severe speech impairment, these measures showed stronger associations. The four measures also differed in their ability to capture change over time. Finally, results from standardized assessments of articulation were not found to inform overall speech intelligibility for children with mild and moderate speech deficits.

Conclusions
Results suggest that speech production is not fully described by any single clinical measure. In order to adequately describe functional speaking abilities and to capture change over time, multiple levels of measurement are required.
Characterising foliage influence on LoRaWAN pathloss in a tropical vegetative environment
Authors: Richardson Ansah Margaret , Sowah Robert A , Melià‐Seguí Joan , Katsriku Ferdinand A , Vilajosana Xavier , Owusu Banahene Wiafe 
Published: June 2020

Ubiquitous computing for remote monitoring is enabling the Internet of Things applications in diverse areas. The potential impact of wireless sensor networks in remote habitat and agricultural monitoring cannot be overemphasised. LoRa (long range) is particularly well suited to applications requiring low operational costs, long‐range wireless communication technology, low data rates and low power consumption. For industrial and large‐scale deployment of this promising technology, it must be both empirically and theoretically evaluated and proven. For network design purposes and optimised positioning of devices, the authors evaluated long range wireless area network (LoRaWAN) propagation in a tropical vegetative environment. Traditional vegetation propagation models have been compared with the measured data. The free space model best fits their data except for the tree canopy area where the loss was about 56 dB. The result can be used as empirical bases to develop an accurate model and simulation tool for LoRaWAN deployment planning.
Infrared-detected AGNs in the local Universe
Authors: İkiz T. , Peletier R. F. , Barthel P. D. , Yeşilyaprak C. 
Published: June 2020

Context. Spitzer/IRAC color selection is a promising technique to identify hot accreting nuclei, that is, active galactic nuclei (AGN), in galaxies. We demonstrate this using a small sample of SAURON galaxies and then explore this technique further.
Aims. The goal of this study is to find a simple and efficient way to reveal optically obscured nuclear accretion in (nearby) galaxies.
Methods. We applied an infrared selection method to the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structures in Galaxies (S4G) sample of more than 2500 galaxies, together with its extension sample of more than 400 galaxies. We used the Spitzer colors to find galaxies in the S4G survey containing a hot core, suggesting the presence of a strong AGN, and we studied the detection fraction as a function of morphological type. We tested this infrared color selection method by examining the radio properties of the galaxies via the VLA NVSS and FIRST surveys.
Results. Using the radio data, we demonstrate that galaxies displaying hot mid-infrared nuclei stand out as (candidate) active galaxies. We reproduce these results when using colors from the lower spatial resolution WISE mission instead of Spitzer. Hence multiband infrared imaging represents a useful tool to uncover optically obscured nuclear activity in galaxies.
Carbon isotopic fractionation in molecular clouds
Authors: Colzi L. , Sipilä O. , Roueff E. , Caselli P. , Fontani F. 
Published: June 2020

Context. Carbon fractionation has been studied from a theoretical point of view with different models of time-dependent chemistry, including both isotope-selective photodissociation and low-temperature isotopic exchange reactions.
Aims. Recent chemical models predict that isotopic exchange reactions may lead to a depletion of 13C in nitrile-bearing species, with 12C/13C ratios two times higher than the elemental abundance ratio of 68 in the local interstellar medium. Since the carbon isotopic ratio is commonly used to evaluate the 14N/15N ratios with the double-isotope method, it is important to study carbon fractionation in detail to avoid incorrect assumptions.
Methods. In this work, we implemented a gas-grain chemical model with new isotopic exchange reactions and investigated their introduction in the context of dense and cold molecular gas. In particular, we investigated the 12C/13C ratios of HNC, HCN, and CN using a grid of models, with temperatures and densities ranging from 10 to 50 K and 2 × 103 to 2 × 107 cm−3, respectively.
Results. We suggest a possible 13C exchange through the 13C + C3 → 12C +13CC2 reaction, which does not result in dilution, but rather in 13C enhancement, for molecules that are formed starting from atomic carbon. This effect is efficient in a range of time between the formation of CO and its freeze-out on grains. Furthermore, the parameter-space exploration shows, on average, that the 12C/13C ratios of nitriles are predicted to be a factor 0.8–1.9 different from the local 12C/13C of 68 for high-mass star-forming regions. This result also affects the 14N/15N ratio: a value of 330 obtained with the double-isotope method is predicted to vary in the range 260–630, up to 1150, depending on the physical conditions. Finally, we studied the 12C/13C ratios of nitriles by varying the cosmic-ray ionisation rate, ζ: the 12C/13C ratios increase with ζ because of secondary photons and cosmic-ray reactions.
Cybersexualité. De la trans@sexualité aux métamorphoses de l’identité de genre sexuel
Authors: Tordo Frédéric 
Published: June 2020

La cybersexualité concerne une sexualité qui utilise les outils technologiques. Plusieurs formes peuvent être décrites (cybersexualité proprement dite, cybersexualité passive, cybersexualité interactive, cybersexualité connectée et techno-sexualité). Pourtant, une autre forme cybersexuelle advient, liée aux nouveaux usages de la technologie qui privilégient une traversabilité permanente entre la réalité physique et la réalité numérique. Elle est nommée par l’auteur commeTrans@sexualité, décrite comme une sexualité hybride et transitionnelle, qui fait pont entre cybersexualité (qui se déroule dans le cyber-espace) et sexualité incarnée (qui se déroule dans la réalité tangible). Au travers de cette hybridation, qui se manifeste en tant qu’une « hybridation psychique » – au travers de l’instance du Moi-cyborg (Tordo, 2019) – se déploie alors, suivant l’hypothèse de l’auteur, les transformations et les métamorphoses de l’identité contemporaine, à commencer par l’identité de genre. Plusieurs exemples cliniques sont proposés par l’auteur à l’appui de ces hypothèses.
Rauchfreies Deutschland 2040: Ein Diskussionsbeitrag
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Morgenstern Matthis , Isensee Barbara , Wiebel Friedrich J. 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Sobald weniger als 5 % einer Population rauchen, spricht man von einer „rauchfreien“ Gesellschaft. Es soll prognostiziert werden, ab welchem Zeitpunkt dieses Ziel in Deutschland erreicht werden könnte. Zur Verringerung des Raucheranteils in der Bevölkerung empfiehlt die Weltgesundheitsorganisation ein Bündel von Maßnahmen (MPOWER), das sowohl das Angebot von als auch die Nachfrage nach Tabak minimieren soll. Der derzeitige Umsetzungsgrad dieser Empfehlungen in Deutschland soll dargestellt werden.
Methoden 21 repräsentative Querschnittserhebungen der Drogenaffinitätsstudie sowie des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys ab 2000/2001 für Jugendliche sowie Erwachsene bilden das Rauchverhalten der Bevölkerung bis 2018 ab. Als objektiver Datensatz wurde der Pro-Kopf-Verbrauch von fabrikfertigen und selbsthergestellten Zigaretten im selben Zeitraum genutzt. Mittels Regressionsanalysen wurde modelliert, ab welchem Zeitpunkt weniger als 5 % der Bevölkerung in Deutschland rauchen. Zur Beschreibung der Umsetzung des MPOWER-Programms wird ein selektiver Literaturüberblick vorgenommen.
Ergebnisse In Deutschland gab es vor dem Jahr 2000 keinen Trend zum Nichtrauchen. Nach Umsetzung verschiedener Präventionsmaßnahmen wie Preiserhöhungen von Tabakprodukten und Einführung der Nichtraucherschutzgesetze ist ab dem Jahr 2000 die Verbreitung des Rauchens in der Bevölkerung kontinuierlich zurückgegangen. Bis 2018 wurde das 5 %-Prävalenzziel bei Jugendlichen nahezu erreicht, da der relative Anteil rauchender Jugendlicher um 20,9 Prozentpunkte auf 6,6 % gefallen ist. Der relative Anteil rauchender erwachsener Frauen fiel um 12,1 Prozentpunkte auf 18,5 %, der relative Anteil rauchender Männer um 14,8 Prozentpunkte auf 24,2 %. Unter der Annahme eines linearen Trends kann das Prävalenzziel von weniger als 5 % rauchender Erwachsener etwa 2043 erreicht werden. Von den 6 empfohlenen Maßnahmen des MPOWER-Programms setzt Deutschland derzeit lediglich das Monitoring des Tabakkonsums in der Gesellschaft ohne Abstriche um.
Diskussion Nach Umsetzung verschiedener Tabakpräventionsmaßnahmen setzte in Deutschland ein Trend zum Nichtrauchen ein. Die von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation empfohlene kontinuierliche Preiserhöhung, die weitere Einschränkung der Verfügbarkeit, das Verbot jeglicher Tabakwerbung und -promotion, die Unterstützung des Rauchstopps sowie die Aufklärung der Bevölkerung erscheinen erforderlich, um diesen Trend zu verstärken und das gesundheitspolitische Ziel einer rauchfreien Gesellschaft 2040 zu erreichen.
Rapid efficacy of aripiprazole in the treatment of catatonic depression/catatonia with consideration of the drug’s unique receptor profile: a case report
Authors: Sichert Verena , Volz Hans-Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCatatonia is a widespread problem in psychiatric hospitals as approximately 10% of patients present with catatonic symptoms upon admission. Catatonia carries the risk of severe, even fatal complications. The first line treatment is usually electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or benzodiazepines, but ECT may not be readily available and benzodiazepines may not always be effective. We describe the case of a patient presenting with severe symptoms of catatonic depression who completed a 3-day course of 25 mg aripiprazole that rapidly resolved his catatonic symptoms. Several cases have already been reported where administration of aripiprazole successfully resolved catatonic symptoms after other treatment options had failed. Aripiprazole’s efficacy and advantages may lie in its unique receptor profile. It acts as a dopamine D2 receptor (D2 R) antagonist and partial D2 R agonist depending on the precise cellular milieu, which may explain its efficacy and favourable side effect profile compared to other antipsychotics used to treat catatonia. Aripiprazole also partially agonises D3 receptors and serotonin 2 C receptors (5-HT2 C), which may contribute to its antidepressant properties. Aripiprazole enhances gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission in certain brain areas, and it is widely agreed that low GABA activity may contribute to catatonic symptoms. Pharmacokinetics studies show that peak plasma levels are reached rapidly, within 2–3 hours of intramuscular administration and 4–6 hours of oral administration. Administration of high-dose aripiprazole (>25 mg/day) should be considered as a viable alternative to ECT and benzodiazepines in patients presenting with catatonic symptoms. Aripiprazole also carries a much lower risk of complications compared to other antipsychotics.