bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russian and International Regulatory Recommendations for the Development and Marketing Authorisation of COVID-19 Vaccines in the Context of the Pandemic
Authors: Soldatov A. A. , Avdeeva Zh. I. , Bondarev V. P. , Merkulov V. A. , Mosyagin V. D. , Ivanov V. B. , Gorenkov D. V. , Khantimirova L. M. 
Published: December 2020

The progress of the COVID-19 pandemic initiated research to develop vaccines against this novel coronavirus infection. The WHO and national regulatory authorities in many countries have elaborated guidelines to speed up the development and authorisation of COVID-19 vaccines.The aim of the study was to analyse international and Russian regulatory recommendations for the development and fast-track approval of COVID-19 vaccines in the context of the pandemic, as well as to summarise the preliminary published results of the first stages of preclinical and clinical studies. The paper analyses approaches to fast-track approval of medicines in the face of the pandemic in Russia, the European Union, and the United States. It summarises regulatory requirements for the quality of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as for preclinical, and clinical studies. It describes the first results of COVID-19 vaccine development. The analysed regulatory documents allow for accelerated authorisation due to reduction of time spent on evaluation of vaccine quality, safety, and efficacy. Another option is the so-called conditional marketing authorisation when a vaccine is registered based on incomplete preclinical and clinical data provided that all the studies will be completed after the vaccine authorisation. The paper summarises the results of clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines. The few published preliminary results of the first phases of COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials demonstrate the vaccines’ good tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity. Evaluation of adenovirusbased vaccines showed that almost half of the volunteers had had high antibody titers to adenovirus before the study, which resulted in milder adverse reactions and low immunogenicity. In addition, the immune response was weaker in the older group of subjects (45–60 years) as compared to the subjects younger than 45 years. The results of the analysis of regulatory requirements for the development and marketing authorisation of COVID-19 vaccines in the context of the pandemic, as well as of national and international regulatory approaches to vaccine development and authorisation can be used as a basis for the development of Russian requirements for COVID-19 vaccines in the context of the pandemic.
Outcome of Immobilization in External Rotation Position after Closed Reduction in Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Bidary Suraj , Pandey Suresh , Aryal Roshani , KC Prabal , Bhattarai Kushal , Gupta Hemant 
Published: December 2020

Background: As documented in many studies, anterior shoulder dislocation can be effectively immobilized in both external and internal rotation positions, with favorable outcomes. However, controversy exists about the superiority of the technique of immobilization to achieve the reduced rate of redislocation. We conducted this study to assess the functional outcome of immobilization of shoulder in external rotation position after relocation in patients with acute anterior shoulder dislocation.
Methods: This is hospital based cross-sectional study in total of 36 patients of primary anterior dislocation of shoulder. They were managed with closed reduction and immobilization in external rotation position and followed up for up to twelve months. Functional outcome (including re-dislocation rate) during each follow-up visit was assessed by using ROWE Score.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.6±7.9 years (range: 17-44 years). Of them, 89.9% were male; and 55.6% were involved in risky jobs. Similarly, 50% of them sustained injury due to slip and fall, 72.2% presented to the hospital within 12 hours; and 69.4% had their right side involved. All the patients were compliant with treatment regime; 77.8% tolerated the brace well and the redislocation rate was 8.3%. ROWE score was found to be significantly increased between subsequent follow-up visits (p<0.05), except between six months and 12 months (p>0.05). Overall, ROWE score varied significantly across the total follow-up period (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Immobilization in external rotation position in traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation was a simple and easy method of conservative treatment with good patient compliance, less incidence of re-dislocation and good functional outcome.
Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction and its Relationship with Severity of Depression among Patients of Depression attending Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Thapa Arati , Karki Mukesh , Thapa Aradhana 
Published: December 2020

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is common feature among patients presenting with depression. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with depression attending Psychiatry outpatient department of College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal and to investigate its relationship with the severity of depression.
Methods: A total of 259 who attended the Psychiatry OPD of College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital were enrolled over a period of 6 months after taking informed written consent. These patients were diagnosed as depression as per the ICD-10/ DCR criteria. The severity of illness was determined by using HAM-D. Thyroid profiling was done against common thyroid hormones TSH, FT3 and FT4 by standard method. Data was analyzed using SPSS.
Results: Among 259 patients, thirty patients (18.40%) were found to have thyroid dysfunction, sub-clinical hypothyroidism was seen in 23 (14.1%) followed by 3.1% with overt hypothyroidism and 1.2% with overt hyperthyroidism. However, there was no significant association found between severity of depression and thyroid dysfunction.
Conclusions: This study concluded that there was high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with major depression. Thus screening of thyroid test among depressive patients may be helpful in proper management of cases.
Breech Presentation and Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Central Nepal
Authors: Acarya Manisha , Kumar Praveen , Shrestha Rubina , Chhetri Puja Baniya , Lamichhane Mamta , Neupane Srijana 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Breech is the commonest malpresentation. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of breech presentation at term. It also aims to present the mode of delivery conducted and to highlight the maternal and fetal complications associated with it. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of College of Medical Sciences done over a period of 2 years. All term pregnant women (≥ 37 weeks) aged 16 years and above, admitted to the maternity and labor ward with the diagnosis of singleton breech presentation during the study period were included in the study. Results: The incidence of breech presentation at term was 5.03%. Out of these, only 7 (18.92%) patients underwent breech vaginal delivery. Mean maternal age was 28.07 (± 11.56) years and majority were primigravidae. The mean birth weight of newborn was 2.8±0.5 kg. Conclusions: Breech presentation can result in both maternal and fetal complications. Skills related to conducting delivery in breech presentation must be learned by all those who manage pregnant women.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Endotracheal Aspirates in Patients Admitted in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Raj Kumari Sanjana , Jha Brajesh , Adhikaree Neetu 
Published: December 2020

Background: The patients with head injury have reduced consciousness, they are prone to aspirations of oral secretions. The tracheotomized patients are colonized mostly by gram negative bacteria and are likely develop pneumonia causing life threatening consequences due to severe, persistent, resistant infections. This study was undertaken to identify the common organisms which cause respiratory tract infection and their Antibiogram of ventilated patients in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotisc susceptibility analysis of Endotracheal aspirates of the patients who were admitted in Neurosurgical intensive care unit, College of medical sciences, teaching hospital, Bharatpur, for a period from October 2019 to July 2020. Aspirates were cultured onto Blood agar, McConkey and Chocolate agar. Isolation and identification was done using conventional techniques and Biochemical reactions. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines.
Results: Out of 163 samples, 147(90.18%) were culture positive. 78 samples were found to be polymicrobial. 16 samples showed no growth. Acinetobacter baumanii (36.05%) was the most common isolate followed by Enterobacter sp (25.85%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.65%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.61%), Escherichia coli (5.44%), Citrobacter freundii (2.04%), and Staphylococcus aureus (1.36%). The gram negative bacilli were all sensitive to colistin. Comparatively, they were also sensitive to Imipenem, Meropenem, Cefaperozone/sulbactam. Staphylococcus aureus is sensitive to Vancomicin.
Conclusions: Respiratory tract infection in intubated patients is risk factors which lead to morbidity and mortality. Inappropriate and inadequate antibiotic treatment causes emergence of drug resistance in pathogens and poor prognosis in patients. The study reported the alarming condition of MDR in tracheal aspirates. Hence, surveillance for source of multi drug resistant bacteria would be beneficial for intervention of infection related to it.
Empyema in Children - Is Primary VATS the Preferred Strategy
Authors: Singh Rajesh Kumar , Gurudutta Avathi Venkatesha , Chandrasekar Supraja , Thomas Arun 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Empyema thoracis (ET) is an accumulation of pus in the pleural space. Considering the advantages of Video Assisted Thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), including reduced length of hospitalisation, lower postoperative morbidity and mortality, VATS is the treatment of choice for cases of stage 3 empyema. The objective of this study was to study the age-sex profile, clinical presentation, etiologic agents, management and the overall treatment outcome of empyema thoracis after early VATS in children.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, from November 2018 to March 2020. All children in the age group of 0 to 18 years diagnosed to have pyogenic empyema and presenting in stage 1 and 2 during the study period were included in the study. In the present study, 15 children were found to be having empyema (stage 1 and 2).
Results: Majority of patients (66.6%) were seen in the age group of one to five years. Fever (100%), breathlessness (66.66%), and cough (80%) were the commonest presenting features. Bacteriological isolation was possible only in three cases (20%). Patients were treated with antibiotics and primary VATS in majority of cases (55.33%). Average duration of hospital stay in VATS group was 12.11 days.
Conclusions: Empyema thoracis mainly affects younger children. Common presenting features are fever, difficulty in breathing and cough. Appropriate antibiotics and early VATS may be acceptable modality for management of pyogenic empyema thoracis in children.
High Red Cell Distribution Width as a Biomarker of Mortality in Critically Ill Paediatric Patients
Authors: Gauchan Eva , Basnet Sahisnuta 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a frequently overlooked parameter in routine haematological reports. It is a simple and inexpensive test which has been found by many adult studies to be a prognostic indicator of mortality in intensive care units. The objective of this study was to see if high RDW could be used as a marker to predict mortality in critically ill children.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary hospital of Western Nepal over a period of one year. Study subjects were selected by purposive sampling method. RDW at admission and relative change in RDW (ΔRDW) was compared to see if they had any role in predicting mortality in this group of children. Receiver operating curve analysis was plotted to find an optimal cut-off point to define high and low RDW and various outcome parameters were analysed.
Results: Out of 131 children, there were 12 (9.1%) mortalities. Admission RDW was higher in the death group as compared to the survivor group (17 vs 14.6; p = 0.012). Similar finding was seen with ΔRDW (0.45 vs 0.00; p = 0.006). ΔRDW above the cut-off value of 0.15 was found to be associated with a generally more complicated course during hospitalisation as well as had more risk of mortality.
Conclusions: Both RDW and ΔRDW above the cut-off value were found to be associated with mortality. In addition, high ΔRDW was also found to predict a more complicated course during hospitalisation.
Teething Beliefs, Misconceptions, and Practices Among Mothers Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: Implications for Child Health and Clinical Practice
Authors: Olatunya Oladele Simeon , Adeniyi Adewuyi Temidayo , Babatola Adefunke Olarinre , Fatunla Odunayo Tolulope , Olajuyin Oyebanji Anthony , Ogundare Ezra Olatunde , Komolafe Akinwumi Kolawole , Fadare Joseph Olusesan , Oyelami Oyeku Akibu 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Teething is a physiologic process that begins during infancy. However, some mothers often attribute certain symptoms to teething. In this study, we assessed the opinions and practices of mothers attending a tertiary health facility in Nigeria on teething.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted among caregivers of children presenting to the out-patient department of a tertiary hospital, Southwestern Nigeria.
Results: Five hundred and sixteen mothers were studied. The leading symptoms attributed to teething were fever 420 (81.4%), reduced food intake / appetite 320 (62.0%), diarrhoea 314 (60.9%) and vomiting 294 (57.0%). Some believed that teething is associated with convulsion 102 (19.8%), mouth ulcers 69 (13.4%), ear discharge 68 (13.2%), and no symptoms 41 (7.9%). Majority of the mothers 374 (72.5%) believed that teething requires treatment. Two hundred and four (39.5%) mothers had given their children oral analgesics for teething while 194 (37.6%) administered teething mixtures. These medications were more likely to be prescribed at the hospital or purchased over the counter (p < 0.05). Other treatments given included herbal concoction 46 (8.9%), local tooth extraction 22 (4.3%), enema 17 (3.3%), body scarifications 14 (2.7%), gum fomentation 14 (2.7%) and gum incision 12 (2.3%). Responders who attributed convulsion to teething were more likely to have incised their children’s gums (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: This study revealed that sundry symptoms were attributed to teething and harmful home interventions were done for teething. There is a need to educate the society on teething and discourage harmful practices for teething by caregivers.
5. White Hair and Feeding Bottles: Exploring Interactions Between Children and the Elderly in the Late Bronze Age Aegean
Authors: Gallou Chrysanthi 
Published: December 2020

Scholarship on age and gender in prehistoric Greece has taken an adult-centric approach with focus placed mostly on young to middle-aged men and women and, as a result, two significant age groups – children and the elderly – have been widely neglected. Lacking a strong insight into attitudes that were shown towards these two age groups, however means that archaeologists do not really harbour a concept of the whole span of life in the cultures that developed in the Aegean region during the Late Bronze Age. Making children and the elderly visible in the archaeological record and examining their social roles, agency and interactions is vital for a better understanding of the social workings of the prehistoric Aegean world. Integrating an interdisciplinary methodology with a systematic study of the available material remains – ranging from the study of funerary contexts to iconographic sources and textual references, this study seeks to assess the evidence for childhood and old age in the Late Bronze Age Aegean, and to shed light − for the first time − on the interactions between the younger and older segments of the population in both life and death from the mid-seventeenth to the twelfth centuries BC.
Finding the New Radical: Digital Media, Oppositionality, and Political Intervention in Contemporary Canadian Theatre
Authors: McLeod Kimberley 
Published: December 2020

Alan Filewod argues that in contemporary performance, “Digital media is both the means and the form of the reconstitution of activist theatre: it disrupts and relocates cultural genealogies, reterritorializes artistic traditions, produces new structures. Digitalization is the enabling condition, then, of new theatricalities.” In November 2011, Quebec playwright Oliver Choinière created a digital performance that, in line with Filewod’s claim, challenged existing theatre conventions and explored new possibilities for activist performance interventions. His performance, Project blanc, used pre-recorded audio on MP3 players, which participants clandestinely listened to while watching a production of L’École des femmes at Montreal’s Théâtre du Nouveau Monde. The audio was critical of both the production and the theatre’s role as a commercial institution. This article investigates the relationship between this production’s oppositional stance and use of digital tools. Choinière’s protest performance creates affinity and proximity within his audience, thus working against what Jason Farman refers to as the “distancing-through-proximic” that usually occurs when individuals are connected to mobile devices in public. However, the production’s own exclusivity and antagonistic tone undermines Choinière’s critical stance. Another digital site-specific performance, Jonathan Goldsbie’s Route 501 Revisited, provides a counterpoint to Choinière’s approach. This example, which had participants ride on a Toronto streetcar and communicate through a Twitter hashtag, illustrates the potential for mobile technologies to politicize spaces and users via performance. While Goldsbie’s work is less overtly political in its aims, his encouragement of collaboration contrasts with Choinière’s more traditional narrative approach and oppositionality.
Traversée: Crossing Borders in Search of the Emancipatory Theatre for Children
Authors: Meerzon Yana 
Published: December 2020

Comment le théâtre doit-il parler aux enfants de politiques d’immigration, de la mort, de la séparation, de l’arrivée dans un nouveau pays et de nouveaux espoirs? Quel ton doivent adopter les artistes pour parler de violence et de torture, d’injustice, de manipulation politique, ou pour dire la perte de sa famille et de sa langue, la quête de sécurité et la recherche de nouveaux amis? Cette conversation doit-elle être pédagogique, protectrice, prudente, neutre ou divertissante? Comment les artistes doivent-ils façonner leur œuvre destinée à de jeunes publics pour les aider à saisir des sujets si complexes? La pièce Traversée (2011) d’Estelle Savasta fournit quelques pistes de réponse à toutes ces questions. Elle tient compte des traditions pédagogiques et artistiques du « théâtre de l’émancipation pour enfants » et favorise une conversation sur la guerre et la migration. La mise en scène par Milena Buziak de cette pièce en 2016 est un exemple de théâtre pour jeunes publics qui assume la responsabilité de conscientiser son auditoire aux réalités politiques, notamment en ce qui concerne des injustices sociales contemporaines. En abordant des questions politiques urgentes liées à la migration mondiale, Yana Meerzon montre comment on peut faire du théâtre jeunesse un instrument politique.
Staging Anxiety in Rachel Aberle’s Still/Falling
Authors: Tomkinson Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Still/Falling (2016) est une pièce jeune public écrite par Rachel Aberle et produite par la compagnie Green Thumb Theatre de Vancouver. Dans cette contribution au forum, Matthew Tomkinson propose un examen critique du rôle de la pièce au sein du curriculum d’une école secondaire en s’attardant à trois aspects : les défis d’ordre pédagogique, la représentation sur scène et la terminologie employée. Tomkison fait valoir qu’un certain nombre d’éléments — des questions qui figurent dans le guide pédagogique, des symboles employés pour représenter la maladie mentale dans la pièce, le métadiscours sur la santé mentale — vont à l’encontre de la mission de Green Thumb, qui est de lutter contre la stigmatisation des maladies mentales. Selon lui, il faudrait mieux nuancer et développer le propos afin de combattre les stéréotypes.
Pelatihan Komputer bagi Perangkat Desa dan Karang Taruna Desa Balorejo, Kecamatan Bonorowo, Kabupaten Kebumen
Authors: Suyitno Suyitno 
Published: December 2020

Pengabdian masyarakat ini memiliki tujuan diantaranya 1) Memberikan pelatihan komputer bagi perangkat desa, Desa Balorejo, Kebumen 2) Melatih pemuda dalam karang taruna Desa Balorejo, Kecamatan Bonorowo, Kebumen Jawa Tengah. Pengabdian ini menggunakan metode terstruktur yakni dengan di awali teori tentang aplikasi komputer, di lanjutkan dengan praktikum yang di ajari langsung oleh pemateri dengan konsep direct practice untuk mengajarkan pelatihan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Materi pelatihan di mulai dari pembuatan surat menyurat yang di khususkan bagi perangkat desa, dengan Ms. Word, di lanjutkan Ms. Excel dan Ms. Power Point di Desa Balorejo Kecamatan Bonorowo Kabupaten Kebumen. Hasil dari pelatihan ini mendapatkan respons cukup positif, dari mulai kepuasan peserta yang cukup tinggi dilihat dari angket yang telah di sebarkan pada akhir kegiatan.
تلقي سوزان ستيتكيفيتش للأدب العربيّ القديم
Authors: Mahmoud Miqdadi Dr. Ziyad 
Published: December 2020

عُني هذا البحث بتتبع بعض الدراسات التي قامت بها المستشرقة سوزان ستيتكيفيتش للنص الأدبي العربي القديم، الذي شكّل حقلَ دراسة كبيرًا للدارسين العرب والمستشرقين، ووقف البحث على بعض من الدراسات التي طبّقتها هذه المستشرقة على النّصوص الأدبيّة العربيّة القديمة، وتوصّل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج، منها: وجود علاقة قوية ومتينة بين النّص الأدبي العربيّ القديم والثقافات الأخرى التي تهتمّ به، وأنّه يمكن تطبيق بعض النظريات النقدية الغربية على الأدب العربيّ القديم، وتوصل إلى أنّ الجهود النقدية التي قدمتها المستشرقة سوزان ستيتكيفيتش ذات أهمية كبيرة في دراستها للنص العربيّ القديم، وأنّ هذه الدّراسات ذات أثر في تقديم معان جديدة، ما يؤكّد حيوية هذا الأدب واستمراريته، كما استنتج وجود بعض المآخذ على منهج المستشرقة سوزان ستيتكيفيتش في معاينتها للنص الأدبي العربيّ القديم.
وأوصى البحث بضرورة العناية بدراسات المستشرقين التي وقفت على النصّ الأدبي العربيّ القديم والاهتمام بها للإفادة من النتائج التي توصّلت إليها، وأوصى بالتعريف بدراسات المستشرقين وإطلاع المختصين عليها لا سيما طلبة الدراسات العليا في الجامعات العربيّة، وضرورة تفحّص هذه الدّراسات وتتبعها والوقوف عليها ونقدها نقدًا علميًا لتبيين إيجابياتها وسلبياتها.
مدى الاعتماد على تطبيقات الهواتف الذكية وأجهزة المحمول في التزود بالأخبار
Authors: Al-Daghistani Fatin Ali 
Published: December 2020

تبحث هذه الدراسة في مدى اعتماد مستخدمي الهواتف الذكية والاجهزة المحمولة على التطبيقات المتاحة في هذه الاجهزة للحصول على الاخبار ، اذ اختارت الدراسة عينة قصدية من المستخدمين لهذه الاجهزة للتعرف على مدلا الاعتماد ونسبته والاسباب التي تقف خلفه ، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج المسحي بشقيه الوصفي والتحليلي ، وتوصلت الى استنتاجات منها اعتماد المبحوثين على عشرة أنواع من التطبيقات التي تمثل برامج متاحة للحصول على الاخبار تصدرها تطبيق اخبار الجزيرة لاندرويد .