bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching strategies and outcome assessments targeting critical thinking in bachelor nursing students: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Westerdahl Frida , Carlson Elisabeth , Wennick Anne , Borglin Gunilla 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionApplying critical thinking is essential for nursing students both in an academic and clinical context. Particularly, as critical thinking is a vital part of nurses’ everyday problem-solving and decision-making processes. Therefore, regardless of the topic taught or the setting in which it is taught, it requires teaching strategies especially targeting students’ critical thinking skills and abilities. One challenge with the latter is the difficulties to assess and evaluate the impact of such teaching strategies on the students’ critical thinking disposition. Hence, our objective will be to review published literature on; existing teaching strategies and outcomes assessments targeting nursing students’ critical thinking skills and abilities.Methods and analysisOur scoping review will be conducted in accordance with Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for scoping studies. Search strategies will be developed in cooperation with an experienced librarian, and adjusted to each individual database for example, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC and ERC. A preliminary search in CINAHL was conducted on the 17thof July 2019. Peer-reviewed published studies conducted with a qualitative, quantitative or mixed method design and focussing our objectives, will be eligible for inclusion. Included studies will be quality assessed in accordance with their study design. Data will be charted using a standardised extraction form. The qualitative data will be presented through a thematic analyses, and the quantitative data by descriptive numerical analysis. Lastly, nurse educators and nursing students will be consulted for validation of the findings from the scoping review.Ethics and disseminationUnder the Swedish Ethical Review Act (2003:460) this study does not need ethical clearance by a Regional Ethical Review Authority as it not includes any primary empirical data on biological material or sensitive information. The findings will be used to inform the design of a future study aiming to develop an, and subsequently evaluate it, educational intervention targeting teaching strategies focussing on nursing students’ critical thinking skills and abilities.
Balloon anchoring technique forthrombectomyin hostile craniocervical arterial anatomy
Authors: Sharashidze Vera , Nogueira Raul G , Al-Bayati Alhamza R , Grossberg Jonathan A , Haussen Diogo C 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundCraniocervical catheter access in large vessel occlusion acute ischemic strokes can be challenging in cases of unfavorable aortic arch/cervical vascular anatomy, leading to lower recanalization rates, increased procedural time and worse clinical outcomes. We aim to demonstrate the feasibility of the balloon-anchoring technique (BAT) that can be attempted before switching to alternative access sites.MethodsRetrospective review of prospectively collected information on 11 patients in which two variants of the BAT (proximal anchoring: balloon guide catheter (BGC) is inflated to provide support for distal access; distal anchoring: compliant balloon is inflated in an intracranial artery to allow advancement of the support system) were utilized to facilitate craniocervical access due to failure of conventional maneuvers.ResultsTen patients had anterior and one patient had posterior circulation large vessel occlusions. Mean age was 81 years and 81% were females. Type 3 arches were found in 82% and a 9 French balloon guide catheter was used in 82%. Proximal anchoring with BGC was used in four cases while distal anchoring was used in seven patients to allow access to the target vessel, avoiding the need to puncture alternative access sites. Successful reperfusion (modified treatment in cerebral ischemia 2b-3) was achieved in all cases and no complications were observed.ConclusionBAT is safe and feasible. It can be considered as a rescue maneuver in order to avoid switching to a different access during thrombectomy in individuals with unfavorable aortic arch/craniocervical anatomy.
Discriminating transudates and exudates in dogs with pleural effusion: diagnostic utility of simplified Light's criteria compared with traditional veterinary classification
Authors: Zoia Andrea , Petini Matteo , Righetti Danila , Caldin Marco , Drigo Michele 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo determine whether the simplified Light's criteria (ie, pleural effusion lactate dehydrogenase concentration and serum total protein) can identify the pathophysiology of pleural effusion formation in dogs, and to assess whether these criteria were more accurate than the traditional veterinary classification based on pleural effusion total protein (TPp) and nucleated cell count (TNCCp).MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study including 100 dogs with pleural effusion. The aetiology of effusion was used to classify the pathophysiology of its formation. Parameters measured included the simplified Light's criteria, TPp and TNCCp. The diagnostic utility of the two methods in classifying pleural effusion formation was evaluated.ResultsSeven transudates due to decreased colloid osmotic pressure, 18 transudates due to increased hydrostatic pressure gradient and 75 exudates were included in the study. The simplified Light's criteria misclassified 2 of 75 exudates (98 per cent overall accuracy). The traditional veterinary classification scheme misclassified 31 of 75 exudates and 12 of 18 increased hydrostatic pressure gradient transudates (57 per cent overall accuracy). The frequency of agreement between the simplified Light's criteria and the traditional veterinary classification with the true nature of the pleural effusion was significantly different (P<0.001).Clinical significanceThe simplified Light's criteria were highly accurate in discriminating exudates from transudates, while TPp and TNCCp had no diagnostic value in doing so.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor‐121 Administration Mitigates Halogen Inhalation‐Induced Pulmonary Injury and Fetal Growth Restriction in Pregnant Mice
Authors: Addis Dylan R. , Lambert James A. , Ren Changchun , Doran Stephen , Aggarwal Saurabh , Jilling Tamas , Matalon Sadis 
Published: February 2020

Background
Circulating levels of sFLT‐1 (soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1), the extracellular domain of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1, and its ratio to levels of placental growth factor are markers of the occurrence and severity of preeclampsia.

Methods and Results

C57BL/6 pregnant mice on embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), male, and non‐pregnant female mice were exposed to air or to Br
2
at 600 ppm for 30 minutes and were treated with vehicle or with VEGF‐121 (100 μg/kg, subcutaneously) daily, starting 48 hours post‐exposure. Plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lungs, fetuses, and placentas were collected 120 hours post‐exposure. In Br
2
‐exposed pregnant mice, there was a time‐dependent and significant increase in plasma levels of sFLT‐1 which correlated with increases in mouse lung wet/dry weights and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein content. Supplementation of exogenous VEGF‐121 improved survival and weight gain, reduced lung wet/dry weights, decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein levels, enhanced placental development, and improved fetal growth in pregnant mice exposed to Br
2
. Exogenous VEGF‐121 administration had no effect in non‐pregnant mice.

Conclusions
These results implicate inhibition of VEGF signaling driven by sFLT‐1 overexpression as a mechanism of pregnancy‐specific injury leading to lung edema, maternal mortality, and fetal growth restriction after bromine gas exposure.
Moderate Hypothermia Modifies Coronary Hemodynamics and Endothelium‐Dependent Vasodilation in a Porcine Model of Temperature Management
Authors: Bobi Joaquim , Solanes Núria , Dantas Ana Paula , Ishida Kohki , Regueiro Ander , Castillo Nadia , Sabaté Manel , Rigol Montserrat , Freixa Xavier 
Published: February 2020

Background
Hypothermia has been associated with therapeutic benefits including reduced mortality and better neurologic outcomes in survivors of cardiac arrest. However, undesirable side effects have been reported in patients undergoing coronary interventions. Using a large animal model of temperature management, we aimed to describe how temperature interferes with the coronary vasculature.

Methods and Results

Coronary hemodynamics and endothelial function were studied in 12 pigs at various core temperatures. Left circumflex coronary artery was challenged with intracoronary nitroglycerin, bradykinin, and adenosine at normothermia (38°C) and mild hypothermia (34°C), followed by either rewarming (38°C; n=6) or moderate hypothermia (Mo
HT
; 32°C, n=6). Invasive coronary hemodynamics by Doppler wire revealed a slower coronary blood velocity at 32°C in the Mo
HT
protocol (normothermia 20.2±11.2 cm/s versus mild hypothermia 18.7±4.3 cm/s versus Mo
HT
11.3±5.3 cm/s,
P
=0.007). Mo
HT
time point was also associated with high values of hyperemic microvascular resistance (>3 mm Hg/cm per second) (normothermia 2.0±0.6 mm Hg/cm per second versus mild hypothermia 2.0±0.8 mm Hg/cm per second versus Mo
HT
3.4±1.6 mm Hg/cm per second,
P
=0.273). Assessment of coronary vasodilation by quantitative coronary analysis showed increased endothelium‐dependent (bradykinin) vasodilation at 32°C when compared with normothermia (normothermia 6.96% change versus mild hypothermia 9.01% change versus Mo
HT
25.42% change,
P
=0.044). Results from coronary reactivity in vitro were in agreement with angiography data and established that endothelium‐dependent relaxation in Mo
HT
completely relies on NO production.

Conclusions
In this porcine model of temperature management, 34°C hypothermia and rewarming (38°C) did not affect coronary hemodynamics or endothelial function. However, 32°C hypothermia altered coronary vasculature physiology by slowing coronary blood flow, increasing microvascular resistance, and exacerbating endothelium‐dependent vasodilatory response.
Serum Albumin Is a Marker of Myocardial Fibrosis, Adverse Pulsatile Aortic Hemodynamics, and Prognosis in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Prenner Stuart B. , Pillutla Raj , Yenigalla Sowjanya , Gaddam Sowmya , Lee Jonathan , Obeid Mary Jo , Ans Armghan Haider , Jehangir Qasim , Kim Jessica , Zamani Payman , Mazurek Jeremy A. , Akers Scott R. , Chirinos Julio A. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Data regarding the phenotypic correlates and prognostic value of albumin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are scarce. The goal of the current study is to determine phenotypic correlates (myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, detailed pulsatile hemodynamics, and skeletal muscle mass) and prognostic implications of serum albumin in HFpEF.

Methods and Results

We studied 118 adults with HFpEF. All‐cause death or heart‐failure–related hospitalization was ascertained over a median follow‐up of 57.6 months. We measured left ventricular mass, myocardial extracellular volume, and axial muscle areas using magnetic resonance imaging. Pulsatile arterial hemodynamics were assessed with a combination of arterial tonometry and phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects with lower serum albumin exhibited a higher body mass index, and a greater proportion of black ethnicity and diabetes mellitus. A low serum albumin was associated with higher myocardial extracellular volume (52.3 versus 57.4 versus 39.3 mL in lowest to highest albumin tertile, respectively;
P
=0.0023) and greater N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide levels, but not with a higher myocardial cellular volume (123 versus 114 versus 102 mL;
P
=0.13). Lower serum albumin was also associated with an increased forward wave amplitude and markedly increased pulsatile power in the aorta. Serum albumin was a strong predictor of death or heart failure hospitalization even after adjustment for N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide levels and the Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) risk score (adjusted standardized hazard ratio=0.56; 95% CI=0.37–0.83;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
Serum albumin is associated with myocardial fibrosis, adverse pulsatile aortic hemodynamics, and prognosis in HFpEF. This readily available clinical biomarker can enhance risk stratification in HFpEF and identifies a subgroup with specific pathophysiological abnormalities.
Peer Disruption and Learning: Links between Suspensions and the Educational Achievement of Non-Suspended Students
Authors: Hwang NaYoung , Domina Thurston 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To evaluate the net effects of classroom disciplinary practices, policy makers and educators must understand not only their effects on disciplined students but also their effects on non-disciplined peers. In this study, we estimate the link between peer suspensions and non-suspended students’ learning trajectories in a California school district where middle and high school students took up to twelve basic skills tests in mathematics and English Language Arts (ELA) over the course of the 2009–10, 2010–11, and 2011–12 school years. We find that Hispanic students, students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, English language learners, students enrolled in special education, and low-achieving students are disproportionately exposed to classmate suspensions. Analyses with student and classroom fixed effects show that student achievement in mathematics increases when their classmates receive suspensions, particularly suspensions attributed to disruptive behavior. We find no association between classmate suspension and ELA achievement. Because these results come from schools in which suspensions are relatively rare events, they may not generalize to settings with draconian disciplinary cultures. Nonetheless, our findings imply that suspensions, when used appropriately, can improve the academic achievement of non-suspended students, particularly for students from vulnerable populations.
A Totally Implantable Drug Delivery System for Local Therapy of the Middle and Inner Ear
Authors: Lehner Rolf , Brugger Heribert , Maassen Marcus M. , Zenner Hans-Peter 
Published: February 2020

Local therapy of middle and inner ear diseases is being used, but is restricted to cases of ear drum perforation or to repeated invasive intratympanic drug application by the physician. In accordance with the Medical Device Directive (class III), a bone-anchored, totally implantable drug delivery system (TI-DDS) has been developed. It includes a micropump for subcutaneous, patient-controlled activation, a drug reservoir and a septum port. A thin guide-wired catheter leads from the pump outlet to the point of application in the mastoid or middle ear cavities. Local inner ear therapy with suitable drugs is possible by positioning the catheter's end near the round window membrane. The system requires no battery and will offer a wide range of patient-controlled bolus applications (25 μl per activation). We first analyzed the three-dimensional implantation geometry of the mastoid cavity. Basic micromechanical problems have been solved in order to create several prototypes. The TI-DDS has already undergone extensive in vitro testing. Recent results of pump rate precision and digital pressure force testing are promising. Local drug treatment for conditions such as lidocaine-sensitive tinnitus, secretory otitis media, Meniere's disease, localized pain and intralesional cancer is under discussion. Furthermore, local application of future biotechnological trophic factors for inner ear treatment is anticipated. The basic engineering is completed and initial animal tests are in preparation.
Retrograde autologous priming to reduce allogeneic blood transfusion requirements: a systematic review
Authors: Vranken Nousjka PA , Babar Zaheer UD , Montoya Jesse A , Weerwind Patrick W 
Published: February 2020

Background: Efforts have been made to minimize transfusion of packed red blood cells in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. One method concerns retrograde autologous priming. Although the technique has been used for decades, results remain contradictory in terms of transfusion requirements. Objective: This systematic literature review aimed to summarize the evidence for the efficacy of retrograde autologous priming in terms of decreasing perioperative packed red blood cell requirements in adults. Methods: Two researchers independently searched PubMed for articles published in the past 10 years. The modified Cochrane collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the Research Triangle Institute Item Bank were used to assess bias. Results: Eight studies were included, of which two randomized and six observational studies. Five studies, including one randomized study, report a significant decrease in packed red blood cell use in the retrograde autologous priming group compared to no retrograde autologous priming used. All studies are flawed by at least a high risk bias of bias score on one item of the bias assessment. Conclusion: Although most studies reported significantly fewer packed red blood cell transfusions in the retrograde autologous priming group, it is important to note that relatively few articles are available which are flawed by several types of bias. Prospective, randomized multi-center trials are warranted to conclude decisively on the benefits of retrograde autologous priming.
Association study of candidate genes with obesity and metabolic traits in antipsychotic-treated patients with first-episode psychosis over a 2-year period
Authors: Gassó Patricia , Arnaiz Joan Albert , Mas Sergi , Lafuente Amalia , Bioque Miquel , Cuesta Manuel J , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga M , García Clemente , Lobo Antonio , González-Pinto Ana , Parellada Mara , Corripio Iluminada , Vieta Eduard , Castro-Fornieles Josefina , Mané Anna , Rodríguez Natalia , Boloc Daniel , Saiz-Ruiz Jerónimo , Bernardo Miguel ,   PEPs Group
Published: February 2020

Aims: Patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) often display different metabolic disturbances even independently of drug therapy. However, antipsychotic (AP) treatment, especially with second-generation APs, is strongly linked to weight gain, which increases patients’ risk of developing obesity and other metabolic diseases. There is an important genetic risk component that can contribute to the appearance of these disturbances. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of polymorphisms in selected candidate genes on obesity and other anthropometric and metabolic traits in 320 AP-treated FEP patients over the course of a 2-year follow-up. Methods: These patients were recruited in the multicentre PEPs study (Phenotype−genotype and environmental interaction; Application of a predictive model in first psychotic episodes). A total of 127 validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 candidate genes were included in the genetic analysis. Results: After Bonferroni correction, SNPs in ADRA2A, FTO, CNR1, DRD2, DRD3, LEPR and BDNF were associated with obesity, abdominal circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and/or percentage of glycated haemoglobin. Conclusions: Although our results should be interpreted as exploratory, they support previous evidence of the impact of these candidate genes on obesity and metabolic status. Further research is required to gain a better knowledge of the genetic variants that can be considered relevant metabolic risk factors. The ability to identify FEP patients at higher risk for these metabolic disturbances would enable clinicians to better select and control their AP treatment.
Lipophilic Antioxidants and Cognitive Function in the Elderly
Authors: Niemchick Karen L , Riemersma Carla , Lasker Grace A 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To determine the relationship between blood serum lipophilic antioxidant levels and cognitive function (CF) in older adults aged 60 and above guided by the oxidative stress theory of aging. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( n = 291) for older adults aged 60 and above were examined using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression to determine whether blood serum antioxidant status predicted CF while controlling for age, sex, race, hypertension, smoking status, and body mass index. Results: Alpha-tocopherol, retinyl palmitate, trans-lycopene, and retinyl stearate were all significantly correlated with CF. After controlling for covariates, α-tocopherol and retinyl palmitate were associated with CF. Age, sex, and current smoking status were significant predictors of CF. Conclusions: The benefits of antioxidants in CF may be a part of nutritional recommendations which include α-tocopherol and retinyl palmitate for delay of CI, and subsequently a better quality of life.
Impact of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation on disability and brain atrophy in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mariottini Alice , Filippini Stefano , Innocenti Chiara , Forci Benedetta , Mechi Claudia , Barilaro Alessandro , Fani Arianna , Carlucci Giovanna , Saccardi Riccardo , Massacesi Luca , Repice Anna Maria 
Published: February 2020

Background: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a valuable option in aggressive relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but its efficacy in secondary progressive (SP)-MS is still controversial. Objective: Assessing efficacy of aHSCT in SP-MS by clinical-radiological outcomes. Methods: Open-label monocentric retrospective study enrolling consecutive SP-MS patients treated with BEAM-aHSCT in the period 1999–2016. Results: In total, 26 SP-MS patients with moderate–severe disability were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) at years 5 and 10 after aHSCT were, respectively, 42% and 30%. Out of 16 patients who worsened, only 6 patients (23% overall) maintained continuous disability accrual (CDA), whereas 10 patients stabilized following one single-step Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) worsening. CDA-free survival was 74% at 5–10 years. No relapses or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity were reported, thus no evidence of disease activity (NEDA)-3 corresponded to PFS. Annualized rate of brain atrophy (AR-BVL) normalized after 1 year in 55% of the cases analysed (12/22). Conclusion: BEAM-aHSCT halted CDA and normalized AR-BVL in most of the treated patients, inducing long-term remission of inflammatory activity at a median follow-up of 99 months (range 27–222). These data suggest that CDA might still be mainly driven by inflammation in a subgroup of SP-MS and could therefore be reversed by treatments. CDA should be analysed independently from any isolated disability worsening.