bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐10 induces MC3T3‐E1 cells differentiation towards osteoblastic fate in murine model
Authors: Xiong Yuan , Yan Chenchen , Chen Lang , Endo Yori , Sun Yun , Zhou Wu , Hu Yiqiang , Hu Liangcong , Chen Dong , Xue Hang , Mi Bobin , Liu Guohui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInterleukin‐10 (IL‐10) displays well‐documented anti‐inflammatory effects, but its effects on osteoblast differentiation have not been investigated. In this study, we found IL‐10 negatively regulates microRNA‐7025‐5p (miR‐7025‐5p), the down‐regulation of which enhances osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, through luciferase reporter assays, we found evidence that insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is a miR‐7025‐5p target gene that positively regulates osteoblast differentiation. In vivo studies indicated that the pre‐injection of IL‐10 leads to increased bone formation, while agomiR‐7025‐5p injection delays fracture healing. Taken together, these results indicate that IL‐10 induces osteoblast differentiation via regulation of the miR‐7025‐5p/IGF1R axis. IL‐10 therefore represents a promising therapeutic strategy to promote fracture healing.
Increased diagnosis of autoimmune childhood‐onset Japanese type 1 diabetes using a new glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit, compared with a previously used glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody radioimmunoassay kit
Authors: Sugihara Shigetaka , Yokota Ichiro , Mukai Tokuo , Mochizuki Takahiro , Nakayama Masashi , Tachikawa Emiko , Kawada Yasumasa , Minamitani Kinship , Kikuchi Nobuyuki , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Kawamura Tomoyuki , Kawasaki Eiji , Kikuchi Toru , Amemiya Shin ,   The Japanese Study Group of Insulin Therapy for Childhood, Adolescent Diabetes (JSGIT)
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe compared the results of testing for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADAb) using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in individuals with childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsSerum specimens were collected from 1,024 Japanese children (426 boys and 598 girls) in 2013. The median age at diagnosis was 7 years (0–18 years). The blood specimens were obtained at a median age of 13 years (2–22 years).ResultsAmong the 628 children whose serum specimens were collected within 5 years after diagnosis, the rate of GADAb positivity was 47.9% using RIA and 69.4% using ELISA. The participants were divided into four groups according to their RIA and ELISA results for GADAb as follows: group I (RIA+/ELISA+), group II (RIA+/ELISA−), group III (RIA−/ELISA+) and group IV (RIA−/ELISA−). The clinical and genetic characteristics of group I and group III were quite similar in terms of age at diagnosis, male/female ratio, relatively high positive rates for both autoantibody to protein tyrosine phosphatase IA‐2 and autoantibody to the cation efflux transporter zinc transporter 8, and human leukocyte antigen genotype. Group II contained just five patients, and was characterized by a younger age at diagnosis, low positive rates for both autoantibody to protein tyrosine phosphatase IA‐2 and autoantibody to the cation efflux transporter zinc transporter 8, and a unique human leukocyte antigen genotype. If the positive rates of either autoantibody to protein tyrosine phosphatase IA‐2 or autoantibody to the cation efflux transporter zinc transporter 8 or both were added to the GADAb results using RIA, the percentage of autoimmune type 1 diabetes increased from 47.9% to 78.5%.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of autoimmune childhood‐onset Japanese type 1 diabetes increased when GADAb results were obtained using a new ELISA method, compared with a previously utilized RIA method.
Impact of physical activity and sedentary time on glycated hemoglobin levels and body composition: Cross‐sectional study using outpatient clinical data of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nakanishi Shuhei , Hirukawa Hidenori , Shimoda Masashi , Tatsumi Fuminori , Kohara Kenji , Obata Atsushi , Okauchi Seizo , Katakura Yukino , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Nishioka Momoyo , Kan Yuki , Tomita‐Mizoguchi Akiko , Isobe Hayato , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Takahashi Kaio , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study examined the association among sedentary time (ST), physical activity (PA), glycated hemoglobin and body composition in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes who visited the outpatient clinic at Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Okayama, Japan, comprised the study’s participants. Self‐administered International Physical Activity Questionnaire short forms were obtained and analyzed for 1,053 patients, including 158 patients for whom waist circumference and visceral fat accumulation were measured. From the questionnaire, three categorical data (low, moderate, high) and continuous data (METs/h/week) regarding PA and ST (min/day), respectively, were obtained.ResultsThe patients categorized as having low PA had significantly higher body mass index than those categorized as having high levels, after adjustment was made for confounders. Continuous data of PA were negatively associated with waist circumference and visceral fat accumulation. ST was positively associated with body mass index. After dividing the participants into four groups according to medians of ST and PA, the following categories were established: long ST and low PA, long ST but high PA, short ST but low PA and short ST and high PA. In terms of body mass index, short ST and high PA measured significantly lower than long ST and low PA. For waist circumference and visceral fat accumulation, short ST but low PA and short ST and high PA measured significantly lower than long ST and low PA and long ST but high.ConclusionsThese results imply that the combination of avoiding sedentary behavior and increasing PA might be important in the prevention bodyweight gain and in the avoidance of central obesity, respectively, in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.
Exploring the feasibility of bitterness reduction in palmyrah young shoot for its effective utilization
Authors: Thivya Perumal , Durgadevi Manoharan , Rawson Ashish , Vadakkepulppara Ramachandran Nair Sinija , Rangarajan Jaganmohan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPalmyrah young shoot is an underutilized seasonal product of palmyrah palm. It has been reported to improve digestibility, prevent constipation, and maintain blood sugar level, as it is rich in fiber and starch. However, it contains some bitter compounds, which limits their acceptability of the products developed from them. Present study identified the components responsible for bitterness and the debittering process has been optimized. The optimum conditions for debittering included solvent ratio of 90 ml, extraction temperature at 65°C and 1 hr of processing time which led to significant decrease in the bitter compounds namely spirosterol and the flabelliferin‐ II (F‐II). Moreover, the optimized condition led to decrease in the total phenolic and saponin content from 320 to 131.651 mg/g and 2.04 to 0.106 mg/g, and simultaneously favored the yield of the fiber and starch from 4.1 to 11.889 g and 43.65 to 85.349 g, respectively. The debittered flour was incorporated into traditional Indian sweet (gulabjamun) which improved the protein content by 28.855%, and fiber content by 4.01% than commercial sample. The current study also increased the line scale of commercialization of the underutilized palmyrah young shoot as well as its scope for potential use as a fortificant or thickening agent.Practical applicationsPalmyarh young shoot is rich in fiber and recommended for diabetics, however the crop is under‐utilized due to its bitter taste. We have now optimized conditions for obtaining debittered flour. This debittered flour has high potential in food processing industry as a fortificant, as a thickening agent and as a good source of starch and fiber. Debittering could be pivotal to increase the utilization of Palmyarh young shoot flour in foods.
The importance of being edgy: cell geometric edges as an emerging polar domain in plant cells
Authors: ELLIOTT L. , KIRCHHELLE C. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryPolarity is an essential feature of multicellular organisms and underpins growth and development as well as physiological functions. In polyhedral plant cells, polar domains at different faces have been studied in detail. In recent years, cell edges (where two faces meet) have emerged as discrete spatial domains with distinct biochemical identities. Here, we review and discuss recent advances in our understanding of cell edges as functional polar domains in plant cells and other organisms, highlighting conceptual parallels and open questions regarding edge polarity.
Intranasal pregnenolone increases acetylcholine in frontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala—Preferentially in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injected nostril
Authors: Fazari Benedetta , Decheva Cvetana Ilieva , González García Victoria , Abdel‐Hafiz Laila , Nikolaus Susanne , Hollenberg Cornelis P. , Huston Joseph P. , de Souza Silva Maria A. , Mattern Claudia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study determined the effects of intranasal pregnenolone (IN‐PREG) on acetylcholine (ACh) levels in selected areas of the rat brain, using in vivo microdialysis. Previous studies showed that PREG rapidly reaches the rodent brain after intranasal administration and that direct infusion of PREG and PREG‐S into the basal forebrain modulates ACh release in frontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. In the present study, we investigated the effects of IN‐PREG on the cholinergic system in the rat brain. In the first experiment, IN‐PREG (5.6 and 11.2 mg/ml) or vehicle was applied bilaterally, and we hypothesized that IN‐PREG would increase ACh levels in amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal cortex, relative to baseline and vehicle. Dialysate was collected for 100 min, based on pilot data of duration of effect. Bilateral IN‐PREG (5.6 and 11.2 mg/ml) increased frontal cortex and hippocampal ACh relative to both baseline and vehicle. Moreover, 11.2 mg/ml PREG increased ACh in the amygdala relative to baseline, the lower dose, and vehicle. Therefore, in the second experiment, IN‐PREG (11.2 mg/ml) was applied only into one nostril, with vehicle applied into the other nostril, in order to determine whether ACh is predominantly increased in the ipsilateral relative to the contralateral amygdala. Unilateral application of IN‐PREG increased ACh in the ipsilateral amygdala, whereas no effect was observed on the contralateral side, suggesting that PREG was transported from the nostrils to the brain via the olfactory epithelial pathway, but not by circulation. The present data provide additional information on IN‐PREG action in the cholinergic system of frontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. This may be relevant for therapeutic IN application of PREG in neurogenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Peg‐interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogue combination at inception of antiviral therapy improves both anti‐HBV efficacy and long‐term survival among HBV DNA‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatectomy/ablation
Authors: Qi Wenqian , Zhang Qian , Xu Yan , Wang Xu , Yu Fan , Zhang Yonggui , Zhao Ping , Guo Honghua , Zhou Changyu , Wang Zhe , Sun Yu , Liu Lin , Xuan Wei , Wang Jiangbin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAntiviral therapy has been shown to improve the prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical treatment, but antiviral treatments require further optimization. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacies of different antiviral strategies with HCC patients after hepatectomy/ablation. This prospective, randomized, controlled and multi‐centre trial enrolled HBV DNA‐positive primary HCC patients after hepatectomy/ablation between January 2007 and January 2009. Patients were divided into four groups: early combination (entecavir plus Peg‐interferon [IFN]α‐2a co‐administration during year 1); late combination (addition of Peg‐IFNα‐2a for 48 weeks after 1 year of entecavir); nucleos(t)ide analogue[NA] monotherapy; and non‐antiviral treatment. Primary endpoints included recurrence‐free survival and overall survival. A total of 447 patients were enrolled. The 2‐year and 8‐year recurrence‐free survival and 8‐year overall survival rates were significantly higher in the early combination group than in the other two antiviral groups (P < .05). After 48‐week treatment, more patients achieved an HBsAg reduction >1500 IU/mL and the mean HBsAg level was significantly lower in the early combination group compared with the late combination and NA monotherapy groups (P < .05). Multivariate analysis showed that early combination therapy and a reduction in HBsAg by >1500 IU/mL after 48 weeks of therapy correlated with reduced mortality and disease recurrence. Early introduction of combination antiviral treatment may represent a more effective therapeutic strategy for patients with HBV DNA‐positive HCC after hepatectomy/ablation. A reduction in HBsAg by >1500 IU/mL after 48‐week treatment is associated with reduced mortality and disease recurrence of HBV DNA‐positive HCC patients after hepatectomy/ablation.
Bat ecology and conservation in semi‐arid and arid landscapes: a global systematic review
Authors: Lisón Fulgencio , Jiménez‐Franco María V. , Altamirano Adison , Haz Ángeles , Calvo José F. , Jones Gareth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Semi‐arid and arid landscapes (dry‐lands) cover 41% of the Earth’s land surface over five continents. These areas are home to 55% of mammal species. Bats have the second highest species richness among mammals, and, although many species are adapted to arid conditions, they are particularly sensitive in these habitats and require conservation priority.

Information on bats in arid and semi‐arid landscapes is scattered, patchy and focused on small‐scale studies; therefore, we undertook a systematic review using the PRISMA protocol to identify the current knowledge status, detect knowledge gaps and propose future research priorities.

We analysed 346 published articles and evaluated 40 topics within five topic categories (taxa studied, methodologies used, biology, ecology and conservation). The most commonly studied topic categories were ecology and biology. However, we found a gap in the topic category conservation (including topics such as conservation status and roost conservation). Our network analysis of topics within the categories showed that most ecology papers were focused on distribution, species richness and habitat use.

When we analysed keywords, we found that phylogeny, taxonomy and distribution demonstrated relatively high presence. Moreover, comparison of the percentage of studies conducted in dry‐lands and the percentage of land surface area covered by dry‐lands in the continents revealed that dry‐lands in Africa and Australia were especially under‐represented. Our review shows that knowledge of bats in semi‐arid and arid landscapes is biased towards new records of the distribution of species, as well as covering systematic/taxonomic and morphological aspects of bat biology.

We suggest that research on conservation measures and guidelines to protect the bat species found in semi‐arid and arid landscapes should be prioritised, together with the sharing of knowledge with local practitioners and the development of citizen science programmes.
An analysis of mating biases in trees
Authors: Ismail Sascha A. , Kokko Hanna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAssortative mating is a deviation from random mating based on phenotypic similarity. As it is much better studied in animals than in plants, we investigate for trees whether kinship of realized mating pairs deviates from what is expected from the set of potential mates and use this information to infer mating biases that may result from kin recognition and/or assortative mating. Our analysis covers 20 species of trees for which microsatellite data is available for adult populations (potential mates) as well as seed arrays. We test whether mean relatedness of observed mating pairs deviates from null expectations that only take pollen dispersal distances into account (estimated from the same data set). This allows the identification of elevated as well as reduced kinship among realized mating pairs, indicative of positive and negative assortative mating, respectively. The test is also able to distinguish elevated biparental inbreeding that occurs solely as a result of related pairs growing closer to each other from further assortativeness. Assortative mating in trees appears potentially common but not ubiquitous: nine data sets show mating bias with elevated inbreeding, nine do not deviate significantly from the null expectation, and two show mating bias with reduced inbreeding. While our data sets lack direct information on phenology, our investigation of the phenological literature for each species identifies flowering phenology as a potential driver of positive assortative mating (leading to elevated inbreeding) in trees. Since active kin recognition provides an alternative hypothesis for these patterns, we encourage further investigations on the processes and traits that influence mating patterns in trees.
Genomic footprints of a biological invasion: Introduction from Asia and dispersal in Europe of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva)
Authors: Baltazar‐Soares Miguel , Blanchet Simon , Cote Julien , Tarkan Ali S. , Záhorská Eva , Gozlan Rodolphe E. , Eizaguirre Christophe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFacilitated by the intensification of global trading, the introduction and dispersal of species to areas in which they are historically non‐native is nowadays common. From an evolutionary standpoint, invasions are paradoxical: not only non‐native environments could be different from native ones for which introduced individuals would be ill‐adapted, but also small founding population size should be associated with reduced adaptive potential. As such, biological invasions are considered valuable real‐time evolutionary experiments. Here, we investigated the population structure and adaptive potential of the highly invasive topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) across Europe and East Asia. We RAD‐sequenced 301 specimens from sixteen populations and three distinct within‐catchment invaded regions as well as two locations in the native range. With 13,785 single nucleotide polymorphisms, we provide conclusive evidence for a genome‐wide signature of two distinct invasion events, in Slovakia and Turkey, each originating from a specific area in the native range. A third invaded area, in France, appears to be the result of dispersal within the invasive range. Few loci showed signs of selection, the vast majority of which being identified in the Slovakian region. Functional annotation suggests that faster early stage development, resistance to pollution and immunocompetence contribute to the invasion success of the local habitats. By showing that populations in the invasive range have different evolutionary histories, our study reinforces the idea that populations, rather than species, are the units to consider in invasion biology.
Conceptual model for intensive care nurse work well‐being: A qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Jarden Rebecca J. , Sandham Margaret , Siegert Richard J. , Koziol‐McLain Jane 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere had been little focus on the well‐being of intensive care nurses until a recent programme of research found work well‐being to be best described as a collection of elements, a multifaceted construct. Strengtheners of intensive care nurses' work well‐being were found to extend across individual, relational, and organizational resources. Actions such as simplifying their lives, giving and receiving team support, and accessing employee assistance programmes were just a few of the intensive care nurses' identified strengtheners.Aims and objectivesTo synthesize intensive care nurse perceptions of work well‐being characteristics and strengtheners to identify opportunities for job crafting and redesign.DesignThis was a qualitative secondary analysis.MethodsIntensive care nurse work well‐being characteristics and strengtheners were explored using applied thematic analysis and pre‐design, open card‐sort technique.ResultsFive facets were identified in the analysis: (a) healthy, (b) authentic, (c) meaningful, (d) connected, and (e) innovative. These five facets were described from a theoretical perspective and illustrated as a conceptual model for intensive care nurse job crafting and redesign.ConclusionsThe proposed conceptual model contributes new knowledge to be explored in meaningful discussions about intensive care nurse work well‐being and empirically investigated in terms of construct validity and theory development. Furthermore, the model provides practical opportunities to explore individual and collaborative ways to enhance intensive care nurse work well‐being across a range of levels.Relevance to clinical practiceOpportunities for job crafting and redesign were identified and presented in a conceptual model of intensive care nurse work well‐being. This model provides individual nurses, intensive care teams, health care organizations, and workers' well‐being programme and policy developers practical opportunities to explore individual and collaborative ways to enhance intensive care nurse work well‐being.
Digital Divides among Asylum‐Related Migrants: Comparing Internet Use and Smartphone Ownership
Authors: Merisalo Maria , Jauhiainen Jussi S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper studies asylum‐related migrants’ Internet use and smartphone ownership. In total, 2,454 asylum‐related migrants originating from Africa, Asia, and the Middle East (37 countries) answered the surveys in the European Union migration hotspots (Lesvos in Greece and Lampedusa in Italy) and in transit/host countries (Iran, Jordan, and Turkey). Internet use was studied at three phases: before the actual journey in the country of origin, during the journey before entering the hotspot or transit/host location, and at the hotspot or transit/host location where smartphone ownership was also studied. During their journeys (from the country of origin to hotspot or transit/host location), the differences in Internet use regarding education and urban/rural backgrounds diminished and vanished in regards to gender. In the transit/host or hotspot location, many respondents started to use the Internet even if they had not used it before in their country of origin.