bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of machine learning to detect foraging behaviour in whale sharks: a new tool in conservation
Authors: Whitehead Darren A. , Magaña Felipe G. , Ketchum James T. , Hoyos Edgar M. , Armas Rogelio G. , Pancaldi Francesca , Olivier Damien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study we present the first attempt at modelling the feeding behaviour of whale sharks using a machine learning analytical method. A total of eight sharks were monitored with tri‐axial accelerometers and their foraging behaviours were visually observed. Our results highlight that the random forest model is a valid and robust approach to predict the feeding behaviour of the whale shark. In conclusion this novel approach exposes the practicality of this method to serve as a conservation tool and the capability it offers in monitoring potential disturbances of the species.
Catfishes of the genus Sperata (Pisces:Bagridae) in India
Authors: Kumar Rahul Girish , Charan Ravi , Krishnaprasoon Nadumury Pradeep , Basheer Valaparambil Saidumohammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDNA barcode data of the South Asian bagrid catfish genus Sperata indicate the presence of at least five species in the Indian subcontinent. Those results, which are supported by morphological data, show a marked increase in species diversity from the recent taxonomic and fishery literature, although each of the five species had been previously named. Two species are restricted to rivers of peninsular India south of the Godavari: Sperata aorides from the Cauvery river basin and S. seenghala from the Krishna river basin. Most literature records of S. seenghala from the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna river basins likely refer to S. lamarrii, a species which appears to also be present in the Indus river basin. Some genetic data reported as S. seenghala from the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna river basins refer to S. aorella. S. aor is widespread in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Surma river basins in India and Bangladesh, extending southwards to the Godavari river.
Microarchitecture of cetacean vertebral trabecular bone among swimming modes and diving behaviors
Authors: Ingle Danielle N. , Porter Marianne E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCetaceans (dolphins, whales, and porpoises) are fully aquatic mammals that are supported by water's buoyancy and swim through axial body bending. Swimming is partially mediated by variations in vertebral morphology that creates trade‐offs in body flexibility and rigidity between axial regions that either enhance or reduce displacement between adjacent vertebrae. Swimming behavior is linked to foraging ecology, where deep‐diving cetaceans glide a greater proportion of the time compared to their shallow‐diving counterparts. In this study, we categorized 10 species of cetaceans (Families Delphinidae and Kogiidae) into functional groups determined by swimming patterns (rigid vs. flexible torso) and diving behavior (shallow vs. deep). Here, we quantify vertebral trabecular microarchitecture (a) among functional groups (rigid‐torso shallow diver (RS), rigid‐torso deep diver (RD), and flexible‐torso deep diver (FD)), and (b) among vertebral column regions (posterior thoracic, lumbar, caudal peduncle, and fluke insertion). We microCT scanned vertebral bodies, from which 1‐5 volumes of interest were selected to quantify bone volume fraction (BV/TV), specific bone surface (BS/BV), trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular number (TbN), trabecular separation (TbSp), and degree of anisotropy (DA). We found that BV/TV was greatest in the rigid‐torso shallow‐diving functional group, smallest in flexible‐torso deep‐diving species, and intermediate in the rigid‐torso deep‐diving group. DA was significantly greater in rigid‐torso caudal oscillators than in their flexible‐torso counterparts. We found no variation among vertebral regions for any microarchitectural variables. Despite having osteoporotic skeletons, cetacean vertebrae had greater BV/TV, TbTh, and DA than previously documented in terrestrial mammalian bone. Cetacean species are an ideal model to investigate the long‐term adaptations, over an animal's lifetime and over evolutionary time, of trabecular bone in non‐weight–bearing conditions.
A qualitative study of perioperative nursing students' experiences of interprofessional simulation‐based learning
Authors: Kaldheim Hege Kristin Aslaksen , Fossum Mariann , Munday Judy , Johnsen Kjersti Marie Frivoll , Slettebø Åshild 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAimTo explore perioperative nursing students' experiences of interprofessional simulation‐based learning to gain a deeper understanding of how this educational tool can be used to support students' learning and enable them to achieve the intended learning outcomes.BackgroundDespite extensive research, it remains unclear what and how participants learn from interprofessional simulation‐based learning. There is a need to specify how interprofessional simulation‐based learning should be organised to support and promote learning processes, especially for postgraduate learners. In particular, there seems to be little evidence in the existing literature in the field of educating perioperative nurses, where advanced technical skills and high‐quality nursing care are required.DesignThe study's qualitative and explorative design is reported in accordance with the COREQ guideline.MethodBetween May–October 2019, thirty‐four perioperative nursing students from four educational institutions participated in six focus group interviews, with four to eight students in each. All participants had previous experience of interprofessional simulation‐based learning in acute settings. Data were transcribed verbatim and were then subjected to phenomenological hermeneutical analysis involving three steps: naïve reading, structural analysis and comprehensive understanding.ResultsThree themes were identified the following: customised interprofessional simulation‐based learning; reality of the experience of interprofessional simulation‐based learning; and preparedness for clinical practice.ConclusionCustomised interprofessional simulation‐based learning was found to be of value to the participants and reflected their feeling of mental preparedness entering interprofessional simulation‐based learning. Furthermore, participants' experience of reality when using the tool was a key theme that also impacted how prepared participants felt for clinical practice.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study findings contribute to the further expansion of interprofessional simulation‐based learning in perioperative nursing education as a means of developing students' professional competence. This is essential knowledge, as professional practitioners must reflect on practice to further enhance that practice and patient safety.
Transvaginal natural orifice endoscopic surgery for extremely obese patients with early‐stage endometrial cancer
Authors: Mat Emre , Kale Ahmet , Gundogdu Elif Cansu , Basol Gulfem , Yildiz Gazi , Usta Taner 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (v‐NOTES) staging surgery for extreme obese patients with early‐stage type‐1 endometrial cancer.MethodsStudy included cases of extreme obese patients with early‐stage endometrial cancer who underwent v‐NOTES between January 2019 and June 2019 at a tertiary referral medical center. The following parameters were noted: patient age, body mass index (BMI), operating time, conversion to conventional laparoscopy or laparotomy, any intraoperative or postoperative complications, estimated blood loss, pre‐ and postoperative hemoglobin levels, postoperative pain scores of the patients using visual analogue scale (VAS) at 6th, 12th and 24th h, length of hospital stay and final pathology report.ResultsSix cases of extreme obese patients with early‐stage endometrial cancer underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy via the transvaginal NOTES. These six patients had a mean body mass index of 51.4 kg/m2 (SD = 6,13). No conversion to conventional laparoscopy or even laparotomy was needed in any of these patients. No adjuvant therapy was needed since all of the patients had early‐stage endometrial carcinoma.ConclusionGiven the increased risk of surgical morbidity and mortality associated with increasing BMI, it is paramount importance to establish safe surgical approaches to gynecological pathologies. We think that v‐NOTES offers greater benefit to obese patients when performed by an experienced surgeon and v‐NOTES is a safe, effective and feasible minimally invasive surgery in extreme obese patients with early endometrial cancer.
A uterine pseudotumor of immunoglobulin G4‐related disease
Authors: Senda Yasutaka , Ikeda Yoshiki , Tamauchi Satoshi , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is characterized by systemic lesions presenting as swellings, nodules and wall thickenings. The first‐line therapy is glucocorticoids. This disease is common among middle‐aged and elderly men, and its uterine mass formation is uncommon. We encountered a 39‐year‐old nulliparous woman with an IgG4‐related uterine mass and enlarged pelvic lymph nodes. Complete remission was achieved by fertility‐sparing resection of the uterine mass without glucocorticoids. This case showed that IgG4‐RD can present as a uterine mass and we need to be careful of its diagnostic and therapeutic strategies because an IgG4‐related uterine mass is difficult to distinguish from sarcoma or malignant lymphoma. Our case also demonstrated that IgG4‐related lymphadenopathy could regress spontaneously without complete lymphadenectomy or glucocorticoids when IgG4‐RD does not affect vital organs. A pelvic mass with hyperproteinemia may be a hint to remind us of IgG4‐RD and may trigger a preoperative immunoglobulin test.
Understanding value in oral health: the oral health value‐based care symposium
Authors: Boynes Sean , Nelson Joni , Diep Vuong , Kanan Christine , Pedersen Da‐Nell , Brown Carolyn , Mathews Rebekah , Tranby Eric , Apostolon Danielle , Bayham Mary , Minter‐Jordan Myechia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThere are both opportunities and challenges with the implementation of oral health value‐based care (OHVBC). To tackle concerns and advance conversation, a symposium was convened with subject matter experts to develop a gap analysis and capture insights into professional readiness for value‐based care design.MethodsThe symposium was convened as a private event for 46 participants over the course of one and a half days in December 2019. Thematic analyses utilized the OHVBC Readiness Framework (DentaQuest Partnership, 2019) to further codify conversations as part of the gap‐analysis process. Poll Everywhere, a text messaging application that allows participants to answer questions in real time, was also employed to solicit responses.ResultsAttendees of the symposium felt that OHVBC would have a large portion of market share within the next 10 years. A qualitative assessment of multiple table discussions determined that the participants developed more consensus around themes for the current state and the future‐desired state than the action‐planning needed to close the gap between the two. This may relate to individual ideology, and the siloed environment is still prevalent in the oral health realm. In a postsymposium survey, respondent attendees did not perceive that COVID‐19 would delay or negatively impact the adoption of OHVBC and may result in accelerating its utilization.ConclusionThe oral health community is experiencing multiple drivers to adopt more OHVBC within business and care models. However, there is still a lack of uniformity on how to execute this delivery model.
Social media conversations about community water fluoridation: formative research to guide health communication
Authors: Mackert Michael , Bouchacourt Lindsay , Lazard Allison , Wilcox Gary B. , Kemp Deena , Kahlor Lee Ann , George Caren , Stewart Beth , Wolfe Josefine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesCommunity water fluoridation (CWF) is one of the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century. Despite this achievement, there are still misunderstandings about the safety of water fluoridation. Previous communication campaigns advocating CWF have been unsuccessful in combating these misunderstandings, suggesting a need for a new way to promote CWF. The goal of this article is to guide research for future campaigns by analyzing the digital conversation regarding community water fluoridation and other forms of fluoride in the state of Texas.MethodsNUVI software extracted tweets from Twitter, and SAS Text Miner 12.1 software revealed topics related to water fluoridation.ResultsThe results uncovered eight topics related to water fluoridation. Overall, the analysis showed mixed reactions toward water fluoridation, fluoride toothpaste, and children's dental health.ConclusionsThe findings of the text analysis will guide future research, with the goal of building a pro‐CWF effort in Texas.
Optimising sleep and performance during night float: A systematic review of evidence and implications for graduate medical education trainees
Authors: Sholtes David , Kravitz Howard M. , Deka Aniruddha , Westrick Jennifer , Fogg Louis F. , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGraduate medical education (GME) training commonly requires residents and fellows to engage in night float shift work. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of interventions for trainees when preparing for, completing, and recovering from working night float shifts. We reviewed all available studies published prior to September 2019 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane library, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases. We included all original, primary research articles assessing either non‐pharmacological or pharmacological interventions on the chronobiological and physiological effects of night float shift work among GME trainees. Five studies (n = 179 patients) met inclusion criteria. Interventions included melatonin in the morning before sleep after night float shifts, napping during night float shifts, modafinil after a night of sleep deprivation, and caffeinated energy drinks after 6 consecutive night float shifts. Melatonin improved one measure of attention. A 2‐hr nap was associated with improved speed related to task switching. Modafinil improved performance in tests of cognition. Caffeinated energy drinks led to improvement in select driving performance variables and reaction time. Effect sizes for outcome variables were calculated. Heterogeneity among the studies precluded combining the data in a meta‐analysis. According to GRADE criteria, the quality of the evidence in these studies was low or very low. Our findings suggest GME trainees may benefit from utilising a limited number of interventions when preparing for or recovering from night float shift work. More investigation is needed to identify interventions that could help GME trainees adapt to and recover from working night float shifts.
Altered balance between collagen formation and degradation after successful direct‐acting antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Laursen Tea Lund , Villesen Ida Falk , Leeming Diana Julie , Karsdal Morten Asser , Sølund Christina , Tarp Britta , Kristensen Lena Hagelskjær , Holmboe Charlotte Henneberg , Leutscher Peter , Laursen Alex Lund , Gudmann Natasja Stæhr , Grønbæk Henning 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effect of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy on extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, a prominent feature of chronic hepatitis C (CHC), is unknown. ECM protein degradation and formation generate fragments reflecting the tissue turnover balance when quantified in the blood. PRO‐C3 and PRO‐C4 reflect type III and IV collagen formation; C3M and C4M are degradation markers of type III and IV. We aimed to assess the markers’ dynamics with DAA therapy in CHC patients. Plasma PRO‐C3, PRO‐C4, C3M and C4M were assessed before, during and up till one year after 12‐24 weeks of DAA therapy in 77 CHC patients with advanced fibrosis (n = 14) or cirrhosis (n = 63). Liver stiffness was evaluated using transient elastography. PRO‐C3, C3M and C4M levels decreased significantly (P < .00001) while PRO‐C4 was unchanged (P = .20) during the study period. There was a steep decrease in the PRO‐C3/C3M ratio during DAA therapy and follow‐up (P < .02). The PRO‐C4/C4M ratio was unchanged (P > .27). The dynamics of the collagen markers behaved similarly between patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, the cirrhosis patients had >20% higher levels of C3M, PRO‐C4 and C4M at all time points (P < .05). The collagen markers correlated with liver stiffness at baseline and follow‐up.Markers of type III and IV collagen formation and degradation decreased during and after successful DAA therapy in CHC patients with advanced liver disease, and associated with disease severity. These results indicate an altered balance between collagen formation and degradation after viral clearance suggesting favourable effects on liver fibrosis.
Gender and Racial Wage Differentials in Nonprofit Hospitals*
Authors: Courey Gabriel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPast studies have found that economy‐wide gender and racial wage differentials are smaller in the nonprofit sector than in the for‐profit sector. I show that the massive US hospital industry exhibits a different pattern. Gender and racial differentials in nonprofit hospitals are larger than in the for‐profit hospitals. These findings are robust to various model specifications and appear throughout the earnings distribution and in most subsamples. Critically, the findings remain even after controlling for individual fixed effects. I argue this may reflect weakened monitoring in nonprofit hospitals and contrast this with the traditional theory that nonprofits must emphasize wage equality to motivate their workers.
Management of legacy nutrient stores through nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, catch crops, and gypsum treatment
Authors: Sihvonen Matti , Lintunen Jussi , Valkama Elena , Hyytiäinen Kari 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe develop a modeling framework, based on discrete‐time dynamic optimization, to study the effect of legacy nutrient stores and soil nutrient dynamics on optimal nutrient management and agri‐environmental policy in crop production. Three alternative measures are studied to reduce nutrient loss: reduced fertilization, nonlegume catch crop cultivation and gypsum amendment. According to our results, landowner can bring down excessively high phosphorus stocks causing environmental damage within decades, by simultaneous optimization of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the economic basis of profit maximization. Our results suggest that nitrogen loss abatement with catch crops is socially optimal, whereas the use of gypsum is well justified as a temporary measure on soils with high soil phosphorus levels. A dynamic tax‐subsidy‐scheme, which takes into account the current soil nutrient levels and field attributes such as soil texture, can enforce the socially optimal outcome. The welfare losses of the static steady‐state‐based tax‐subsidy‐schemes are increasing functions of the legacy nutrient stores and soil's ability to hold nutrients.Recommendations for Resource Managers

We develop a modeling framework to study the effect of the legacy nutrient stores and the soil nutrient dynamics on the optimal nutrient management and agri‐environmental policy in crop production.
Nonlegume catch crop cultivation is a socially optimal long‐term measure for nitrogen loss abatement, whereas phosphorus loss abatement with gypsum is socially optimal on soils with high soil phosphorus levels.
A dynamic tax‐subsidy‐scheme, which is adjusted annually according to the soil nutrient stocks, leads to social optimum. Although this can be difficult to implement in practice, it can be useful in the derivation of the simpler, static tax‐subsidy‐schemes.
If a gypsum subsidy is paid for those years, where the soil P level is above the threshold level for the gypsum application, the welfare loss of the static steady‐state‐based tax‐subsidy‐schemes is almost zero.
Simultaneous adjustment of the N and P fertilizer rates enables the use of simple, static and soil‐texture‐ignorant tax‐subsidy schemes, without a notable social welfare loss
Performance of pacemaker leads in alternative lead positions after tricuspid valve replacement
Authors: Michaelis Anna , Wagner Franziska , Riede Frank‐Thomas , Schroeter Thomas , Daehnert Ingo , Pfannmueller Bettina , Gebauer Roman Antonin , Paech Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBradycardic arrhythmias requiring pacemaker (PM) implantation are still common in patients in need of tricuspid valve replacement (TVR). Leaving an existing PM lead in an extravalvular position may represent a helpful alternative in special situations like the implantation of a mechanical TV. This study aimed to examine the short‐ to mid‐term outcome of paravalvular leads concerning lead survival and prosthesis dysfunction in patients after TVR.MethodsA retrospective case‐control study of patients with TVR and ventricular pacing was conducted. Patients from the database of the Leipzig Heart Center were included. Data of the paravalvular lead group (PVG) and coronary sinus lead group (CSG) were compared to a control group with conventional transvalvular leads (TVG).ResultsEighty patients with TVR and cardiac PM (TVG [n = 13], PVG [n = 40], and CSG [n = 27]) were included. The mean follow‐up was 2.8 years. The rate of lead revisions (TVG 15.4%, PVG 2.5%, and CSG 7.5%) was lower in PVG but without significance (P = .286). The CSG demonstrated significantly higher pacing thresholds (1.4 V/0.8 ms) than TVG (0.5 V/0.4 ms), P = .004. However, the deterioration of threshold amplitudes during follow‐up was similar in CSG (7.4%) and PVG (7.5%) compared with controls (7.7%). Function of TV prosthesis regarding development of stenosis or regurgitation showed a similarity between the groups (regurgitation PVG P = .692, CSG P = 1; stenosis PVG P = .586, CSG P = 0.69).ConclusionParavalvular positioning of PM leads seems to represent a reasonable alternative to the conventional transvalvular lead positioning concerning the lead and Tricuspid Valve prosthesis's function and durability in selected patients.