bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of green technology in the process of extracting essential oil from Vietnam’s Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) leaves
Authors: Hien T T , Ngan T T K , Phong H X , Toan T Q 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, microwaves are considered a source of green materials in the manufacturing process. Thanks to its outstanding thermal and time capability, it was applied to many different areas of experimental and production scale. In this research, we optimized the yield of essential oils obtained from the Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) leaves in Vietnam by using the heat from the microwave oven extraction method. Researchers used heat from the microwave to extract polar compounds in plants because it is a green technique that improves the yield and quality of the essential oil extracted from the extraction process. Kaffir lime essential oil has many different effects in the food and cosmetic field because of its scent and antioxidant properties. The chemical composition of Kaffir lime leaves essential oil in this study was carried out by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method which showed that 19 constituents are accounting for 99.99% of the total essential oil with β-citronellal is the main constituent accounting for 81.23%, followed by β-citronellol (5.76%), citronellyl acetate (4.26%), linalool (1.85%), caryophyllene (1.51%) and other compounds accounted for less than 1.0% at 100 grams of Kaffir lime leaves. These compounds are known as effective antibacterial and antioxidant agents. In the ratio of raw materials to water (1:3 mL/g), extraction period (60 min), and microwave power (450W), optimum extraction conditions for the extraction of essential oil of Vietnam’s kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) leaves were achieved.
Evaluation of total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Centella asiatica
Authors: Quyen N T C , Quyen N T N , Quy N N , Quan P M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, the tendency to focus on plant research and their biological activities has increased worldwide. Centella asiatica is a crucial herb widely used in East Asia and is gaining popularity in the West. In Vietnam, besides being used as daily food, it is also an herb that is recommended to treat various skin disorders include leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcers, eczema, female genital diseases and also help reduce anxiety. The aerial parts are also proven to be scientific cash in the biological activities contained in it with broad therapeutic applications in the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and so on. This research aimed to assess the quality of phytochemicals, TPC and TFC, and antioxidant activities of C. asiatica (L). Moreover, antioxidant activity was conducted through radical scavenging ABTS and DPPH. Under purified water and 96% ethanol, the phytochemical was collected separately. The findings indicate that C. asiatica (L) produced an extensive range of pharmacologically active substances, including alkaloid, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and reducing sugar. TPC and TFC of ethanol extract in C. asiatica leave achieved 2.14±0.29 mgGAE/g and 23.03±2.89 mgQE/g, respectively. The total polyphenol content of ethanolic and water extraction was different, achieved 2.14 ± 0.29 (mg GAE/g) and 2.82 ± 1.68 (mg GAE/g), respectively. Moreover, the TFC of water extract (30.09 ± 2.67 mg QE/g) was significantly higher than that of ethanolic extract (23.03 ± 2.89 mg QE/g). The antioxidant activity of the C. Asiatica was correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid content with values IC50 achieving 2324.26 µg/ml in aqueous extract, and 1744.77 µg/ml in Ethanolic extract. The results showed that leaves of C. asiatica (L) were a valuable source to exploit metabolic compounds primary and secondary are valid.
Determination of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant activity of the Leaves of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) mixed with Various Herbal
Authors: Nhi T T Y , Quyen N N , Thinh P V , Bay N T , Truc T T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Food diversification is increasingly approaching customer needs. Tea processing field brings a lot of health. The present study has mixed the soursop leaves tea with stevia, chrysanthemum, rose, and licorice to produce an effective mixture with improved biological activities and flavors. Survey results showed that high TPC content was present in chrys (4.01 ± 0.03 mg/g DW) entailed an increasing concentration when mixed and vice versa. In most mixtures, free-radical scavenging by DPPH and ABTS in sousop leaves tea mixtures remained unchanged (ranging from 0.5-1.5 mg/g DW). The color brightness value in CIE system is highly dependent on soursop leaves tea (34.52 ± 0.71 in L*). These findings provide helpful insight to combinations of tea and common herbs for daily use. Further studies on toxicology and health benefits of these tea combinations would be on demand.
Influence of oil phase, surfactant on nano-emulsion based on essential oil from orange using phase inversion temperature method
Authors: Do D N , Nguyen D P , Pham H D , Trieu T A , Luu X C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Essential oils are incredibly effective natural antimicrobials, and they have the potential for substitute synthetic antimicrobials in the food industry, but the use of essential oils is restricted by their little solubility in water. In this research, the phase inversion temperature (PIT) method was employed to produce essential oil from orange nano-emulsions. The effects of oil phase composition, surfactant, and storage condition on the formation and stability of the nano-emulsions were investigated. Study results showed that the surfactant and oil phase constitution highly influenced the thermal property of the nano-emulsions. The transparent nano-emulsions system with the least average droplet size (46.5 nm) was created in the conditions: 10 wt% tween 80, 8 wt% essential oil from orange, 2 wt% coconut oil, and distilled water. The mean droplet diameter of these nano-emulsions raised over time and depended on the composition of surfactants. The nano-emulsion systems contained 10% tween 80 gained small size and stability after 30 days of storage, while systems with 20% tween 80 showed instability, and particle size increased rapidly after 30 days of storage. These outcomes of this investigation could be useful for the fabrication and use of nano-emulsions as distribution systems in food technology.
The extraction of rosemary essential oil by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method
Authors: Dinh P N , Thuy L M T , Quoc T P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been a significant herb and was used as an antiseptic, astringent, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, etc. This study determined the effect of material-water ratio, material size, distillation time, and power of microwave on the obtained yield of rosemary essential oil extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method. The results show the optimum extraction condition at 1:1 of feed-water ratio, 380W of distillation power, 25 minutes distillation, and 0.3cm of material size with the optimal extracted yield of 2.7%. The major components are α-pinene (22.277%), verbenole (16.488%), 1,8-cineole (16.256%) and geraniol (5.705%), which would be a potential material for cosmetic and pharmaceutical products caused their activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiseptic, reduce anxiety.
Effect of inoculum size and glucose concentration for bacterial cellulose production by Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Jeff Sumardee N S , Mohd-Hairul A R , Mortan S H 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBacterial cellulose (BC) has gained interest as new industrial materials because of its unique properties compared to other cellulose sources. Intense researches have been done to study the production of BC and finding a new strain source to meet the requirement of high yield of production with a low economic cost. In this work, the potential ofLactobacillus acidophilusas a new source of bacterial cellulose was studied by observing the effects of inoculum size and glucose concentration on the production of BC using the one-factor-at-time method.L. acidophiluswas cultured in HS medium for 14 days at various cultivation conditions according to the experimental set-up. The results obtained indicate that the glucose concentration in the medium and the inoculum size of the bacteria had a significant role in the BC production. The highest BC of 1.843 g/L was achieved at 1.5 w/v% glucose concentration and 0.856 g/L at 6 v/v% of inoculum size. Although the amount of BC produced was comparatively low than BC produced from other bacterial strains, these results demonstrated the potential ofL. acidophilusas a new strain source for BC production. Further study on other cultivation parameters is essential for the optimization of BC production by thisL. acidophilusstrain.
Application of infrared spectroscopic analysis for quantification of free fatty acid content at palm oil mills
Authors: Nizam A F A , Azri M E M , Zahari M A K M , Mahmud M S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High free fatty acid (FFA) content results in low palm oil yield in refinery and 5 wt% are the limit for crude palm oil acceptance. Common method of the FFA quantification in the mills is titration. The intent of this study was to determine the FFA content in extracted palm oil by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with AOCS titration method for verification. The oil extractions took place on days 1, 5, 8, 12 and 15. The fruitlets were initially washed and autoclaved. By separating the kernel, the mesocarp was heated and pressed. After centrifugation, the oil from the top layer of extract was further analyzed. In this study, % transmittance of FFA had been measured at carboxyl band, C=O between 1730 and 1700 cm−1. The stretch of carboxyl band denotes that the FFA had proportionally increased with time. The FFA content of the samples increased in sigmoidal pattern with critical rise after day 8, reaching 15 wt% equilibrium states after 15 days. A calibration model was developed via linear regression and R2 of 0.979 indicating the results were significant.
Foam stability using silica coated nanoparticle for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Zailan M A , Noor M Z M. , Ganat T A. O 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A mixture of nanoparticles and water can be used in the nano-water alternating gas approach (NWAG) to enhance oil recovery from an oil field. Now, the wettability of rock, relative permeability curves, and the interfacial tension analyzed for improvement of the operation. With an approach application, nanoparticles became importance over the last decade but the activity of using nanoparticles is practically unknown. A major stumbling-block to the success of foam application in EOR is the adverse influence of oil on foam stability. The objectives were to evaluate the effects of various surfactant, nanoparticle concentration as well as hydrocarbons with well-defined properties on foam stability. Orderly, a comprehensive series of experiments at static state is conducted to investigate the foam stability of five different concentrations for surfactant and nanoparticle respectively in the absence and presence of mineral oil and synthetic brine suspension. The results suggested that there is a significant impact of the concentration of the surfactant and nanoparticle on foam stability. Besides, results suggested that less stable foam is shown in the presence of oil as compare to brine solution. The addition of half life method shows the promising result on the use of nanoparticles as foam stabilizer.
Synthesis and Characterization of MSU-2 for CO2Adsorption
Authors: Lee X Y , Chew T L , Oh P C , Ho C-D , Ong Y T 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe advancement of adsorption technology is highly dependent on the characteristics of the adsorbents used. However, the commonly used one-dimensional (1D) MCM-41 and two-dimensional (2D) SBA-15 were found to induce gas diffusion difficulty. With this, MSU-2 was introduced as it shows high potentiality to be employed as CO2adsorbent due to its excellent properties such as the highly interconnected three-dimensional (3D) wormhole-like framework structure as well as large specific surface area, total pore volume and pore size. The focus of the current study focuses on the synthesis of MSU-2 and the investigation on the CO2adsorption capacity of the synthesized MSU-2 at various temperatures and pressures. The preparation of the MSU-2 was achieved by fluoride-assisted two-step process of solution precipitation method involving the addition of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) to the acidified aqueous solution of nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100. The resultant MSU-2 was characterized by SEM, TEM, SAP analyser, XRD, FTIR spectrometer and TGA. The analyzed results showed that MSU-2 with desired features was successfully synthesized. The CO2gas adsorption studies of the MSU-2 was demonstrated at different temperatures (25 °C and 85 °C) and different pressures (1 bar and 5 bar) to study the effect of temperatures and pressures on the CO2adsorption capacity of the MSU-2. The highest CO2adsorption capacity of the MSU-2 was found to be 0.98 mmol-CO2/g-adsorbent when the operating conditions were set at 25 °C and 5 bar. This adsorption experiment also deduced that low adsorption temperature and high operating pressure promote adsorption process which give higher CO2adsorption capacity.
Microwave assisted Jatropha curcas biodiesel production and the effects on the diesel engine performances
Authors: Zamberi M M , Ani F N , Abdollah M F , Zulkifli N W M , Tamaldin N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Experimental investigation was conducted to examine the methyl ester production of high free fatty acid (FFA) of Jatropha Curcas oil (JCO) using waste white clams as catalyst. The waste clams were calcined at 900°C for 4 hours and was characterized using scanning electron microscopic (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescent (XRF). A two-step transesterification process via microwave heating was selected to perform the production. The study showed that the microwave power input grants the separation process improvement and enhancing the reaction rate at 450 Watt for 7 minutes of reaction time under optimal conditions of 9:1 methanol molar ratio and 5% catalyst loading. A highest biodiesel yield methyl ester was reached up to 93.6%. The engine performances characteristics were carried out with an unmodified direct injection single cylinder diesel engine with variable load and engine speed fuelled with 10% (JCOB10) and 20% (JCOB20) of JCO blended with diesel and compared with standard petroleum diesel. The results indicated that JCOB10 shows similar behaviour like petroleum diesel compared with JCOB20.
High Efficiency of Waste Stabilization Ponds using Para Grass (Brachiaria Mutica) Vegetation for Treatment of Industrial Wastei Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Van T L , Pham M D , Anh T T P , Thi P L , Dong N H , Ho V T T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, wastewater treatment by using biological method has been concerned because it low cost, easy to operate and enviromentally friendly. In this study, stabilization pond – one of the biological wastewater treatment methods has been researched for treating industrial wastewater in Industrial park, District 2, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam. In stabilization pond, Para grass planted on the surface of the pond with roots in the water. Important elements of the treatment process were surveyed to provide optimal operation conditions, include: flow rate of influent, grass cutting cycle, initial COD concentration, fraction of N and P, the height of Para grass after cutting, pH in influent. The results show that Para grass grows well in wastewater and treatment efficiency of stabilization is high when flow rate of influent at 0.12 m3/h and 0.18 m3/h (corresponding to retention time is 7.8 days and 5.3 days, respectively). Besides, Para grass need to be cut periodically for about 20-22 days and the height of grass after cutting from 0.2 - 0.4 m to ensure the best treatment efficiency. Effect of pollution parameters of influent has been also surveyed. The results showed that stabilization pond treats wastewater efficiently when the initial COD concentration is from 200 to 350 mg/l, the fraction of N/P is from 4 to 6 and pH= 7. Wastewater after treatment with stabilization pond meets standards QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater) with parameters in effluent such as COD, TN, TP, BOD5, Coliform. Moreover, biomass of Para grass after treatment can be used as feed source for livestock and ensure safety according to QCVN 01-183:2016/BNNPTNT. These results show the applicability of stabilization pond using Para grass vegetation in concentrated industrial wastewater treatment with low cost, simple but efficiency, environmentally friendly and towards sustainable development.
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light using carbon dot/titanium dioxide nanohybrid
Authors: Heng Z W , Chong W C , Pang Y L , Sim L C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to the large band gap and the rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs of TiO2, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified TiO2 photocatalyst had been given intensive attention in visible light photodegradation. In this study, the oil palm frond-derived NCQDs/TiO2 was adopted for the first time in the photodegradation of Methylene Blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. TiO2 photocatalyst and NCQDs/TiO2 nanocomposites with different NCQDs contents were successfully synthesised through a facile in-situ hydrothermal method. The surface morphology and crystalline structure of NCQDs-decorated semiconductor photocatalyst were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were utilized to prove the successful attachment and the uniform dispersion of NCQDs on TiO2 surface, respectively. The best-performed photocatalyst with the optimum amount of NCQDs (NCQDs/TiO2-1) displayed a degradation efficiency of 40.9% within 60 minutes, which is 2.6 times faster than that of pure TiO2 (15.6%). The improved photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the better charge separation since NCQDs act as an electron reservoir which impeded the recombination of electron-hole pairs. The present work proposed a simple synthetic route for the preparation of NCQDs/TiO2 nanocomposites and the use of biomass as a natural precursor which contributed to green and sustainable fabrication of photocatalyst in environmental application.
Removal of ferum ions from acid mine drainage wastewater using jar test technique: Factorial design analysis
Authors: Mohamad Basir N A , Mohd Azoddein A A , Abdul Razik A H , Azman N A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A factorial experimental design technique was used to investigate the removal of “Fe2+” from wastewater Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) through jar adsorption test technique. Jar testing is expected to contribute to cost savings in chemicals from which ferum ion can also be extracted. The best condition for slag adsorption from AMD wastewater was obtained via a complete 16 factorial design experiment. Factorial design for screening is chosen to test four effects factors Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag dosage (0.2 and 2.0g), stirration speed (150 and 250 rpm), interval time (5 and 100 minute) and concentration (200 and 1000 ppm) at two levels. Metal removal capability was evaluated using adsorption result. Using statistical methods, the main effects and interaction effects of the four variables were analysed. A regression model was suggested, and the experimental data was found to match very well. The findings were statistically analyzed using the Student’s t-test, variance analysis, F-test and lack of fit to identify three most significant process variables that influence “Fe2+” removal percentage. Therefore concentration was found to be the most important variable in this analysis.
The feasibility of macro alga E.spinosum for colour removal from real textile wastewater
Authors: Mokhtar N , Aziz F A , Aziz E A , Halim H A , Aris A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Industrial textile wastewater usually contains high chemical substances, suspended solids and a very conspicuous intense colour. The complexity of textile wastewater had urged for an effective treatment method. This paper studies the feasibility of red macro alga, Euchema Spinosum as a natural and low-cost biosorbent for the removal of colour in real textile wastewater. The characterization of aforesaid biosorbent was analysed for its physical and chemical properties using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF). The effect of dosage and contact time on colour removal was analysed using batch biosorption experiments. The BET result confirmed that surface area of biosorbent is relatively small suitable for biosorbent characteristic. The result shows that at optimum dosage of 15g/L within 48 hours, E. spinosum was able to remove 93.71% of colour from textile wastewater. Therefore, E. spinosum was found to be highly effective in treating real textile.
Estimating glucose diffusion coefficient of membranes for tissue engineering applications using Fick’s First Law
Authors: Pg Sulaiman D N H , Suhaimi H , Shamsuddin N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The idea of growing artificial tissues in bioreactors such as hollow fibre membrane bioreactors (HFMBs) has started years ago and preparation of biocompatible porous membranes and scaffolds has been attempted extensively. There also have been several studies on modelling glucose transport processes in HFMBs. However, there is little information available that discusses specifically the glucose diffusivity across tissue engineering membranes or scaffolds and, importantly, its dependence on the properties of the materials (i.e., membrane and scaffold). Therefore, the objective of this study is to deduce the glucose diffusivity across different membranes. Using Fick’s law and a diffusion cell in this study, we have determined glucose diffusion coefficients for two different membranes namely cellulose nitrate (CN) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). These membranes possessed similar pore size with varying thickness and were saturated with water and cell culture medium (CCM). The diffusion experiments were conducted in a thermostated water bath at either 27 or 37 ± 1°C. It was observed that PVDF membrane with greater thickness has a lower diffusivity than CN membrane when both were saturated in CCM and water at 37°C. From the results, we derive the significance of the decrease of diffusion coefficient with increasing thickness of the membranes.