bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of methods for estimating forage intake, digestibility, and fecal output in red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Garrett Konagh , Beck Matt R , Froehlich Kelly , Fleming Anita , Thompson Bryan R , Stevens David R , Gregorini Pablo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine appropriate methods for estimating fecal output, digestibility, and intake in red deer (Cervus elaphus). Dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility, and fecal output were estimated using the dual-marker (titanium dioxide; TiO2 and indigestible acid detergent fiber) technique, double n-alkane ratio technique (ALK) and the pulse dose (Yttrium; Y) technique to determine a suitable method to estimate DMI, fecal output, and digestibility measurements. Four male and four female deer were stratified by sex and randomly assigned either fresh-cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) or fresh-cut plantain (Plantago lanceolata) ad libitum in a cross-over design experiment. Actual DMI (mean ± SD: 1.5 ± 0.36 kg DM/d), digestibility (0.70 ± 0.06), and fecal output (0.45 ± 0.1 kg DM/d) were measured daily over the collection periods, and the average of each period was used for methods’ comparison. The ALK method adequately estimated digestibility and fecal output of plantain; however, overestimated digestibility (P &lt; 0.05) and DMI of ryegrass, so that there was no statistical agreement (P &gt; 0.10) in DMI when diets were pooled. The overestimated DMI of the ryegrass diet led to ALK predicting greater intake when deer consumed ryegrass than plantain, which was the opposite of actual measurements. The pulse dosed Y overestimated (P &lt; 0.05) fecal output and consequently DMI for both plantain and ryegrass, however, indicated similar trends to actual values. The dual-marker technique using TiO2 was able to detect the statistical differences between plantain and ryegrass as the actual measurements, had moderate to strong precision (r = 0.50 to 0.66) and statistical agreement (P &lt; 0.05) with the pooled diet data. Therefore, the dual-marker technique provided the best alternative estimation method to actual measurements of forage DMI of grazing red deer.
Kripkeans of the world, unite!
Authors: Islam Farjana , Baggio Giosuè 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper revisits a study by Machery et al. (2004), suggesting that, in experimental versions of Kripke’s (1980) fictional cases on the use of proper names, Westerners are more likely than East Asian participants to show intuitions compatible with Kripke’s causal-historical (CH) theory of reference. We conducted two experiments, recruting participants from Norway and Bangladesh, either in English (experiment 1; N = 75) or in the participants’ native languages (experiment 2; N = 60), using modified cases and a new approach to data analysis. We replicated the results of Machery et al. (2004), but we show that the residual finding—i.e., that participants who are not aligned with CH produce responses consistent with a definite descriptions (DD) theory of reference—does not hold. Most participants in our experiments, and nearly all those who do not provide CH answers, respond as predicted by a theory that accommodates speaker’s reference in reasoning about uses of proper names, not according to DD. We suggest that cross-cultural variation in this task is real. However, explanations of variation within or across cultures need not invoke competing theories of reference (CH vs DD), and can be unified within a single, broadly Kripkean analysis that honors the basic distinction between semantic reference and speaker’s reference.
EARLY BUD BREAK 1 triggers bud break in peach trees by regulating hormone metabolism, the cell cycle, and cell wall modifications
Authors: Zhao Xuehui , Han Xiaolun , Wang Qingjie , Wang Xuxu , Chen Xiude , Li Ling , Fu Xiling , Gao Dongsheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn a previous study we identified EARLY BUD BREAK 1 (EBB1), an ERF transcription factor, in peach (Prunus persica var. nectarina cultivar Zhongyou 4); however, little is known of how PpEBB1 may regulate bud break. To verify the function of PpEBB1 in bud break, PpEBB1 was transiently transformed into peach buds, resulting in early bud break. Bud break occurred earlier in PpEBB1-oe poplar (Populus trichocarpa) obtained by heterologous transformation than in wild type (WT), consistent with the peach bud results, indicating that PpEBB1 can promote bud break. To explore how PpEBB1 affects bud break, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and PpEBB1-oe poplar plants were identified by RNA-sequencing. The expression of DEGs associated with hormone metabolism, cell cycle, and cell wall modifications changed substantially according to qRT-PCR. Auxin, ABA, and total trans-zeatin-type cytokinin levels were higher in the PpEBB1-oe plants than in WT plants, while the total N6-(Δ 2-isopentenyl)-adenine-type cytokinins was lower. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays verified that a cell wall modification-related protein (PpEXBL1) interacted with PpEBB1 suggesting that PpEBB1 could interact with these cell wall modification proteins directly. Overall, our study proposed a multifaceted explanation for how PpEBB1 regulates bud break and showed that PpEBB1 promotes bud break by regulating hormone metabolism, the cell cycle, and cell wall modifications.
Phosphorylation of a malate transporter promotes malate excretion and reduces cadmium uptake in apple
Authors: Ma Qi-Jun , Sun Mei-Hong , Lu Jing , Hu Da-Gang , Kang Hui , You Chun-Xiang , Hao Yu-Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHeavy metal contamination is a major environmental and human health hazard in many areas of the world. Organic acids sequester heavy metals and protect plant roots from the effects of toxicity; however, it is largely unknown how these acids are regulated in response to heavy metal stress. Here, protein kinase SOS2L1 from apple was functionally characterized. MdSOS2L1 was found to be involved in the regulation of malate excretion, and to inhibit cadmium uptake into roots. Using the DUAL membrane system in a screen of an apple cDNA library with MdSOS2L1 as bait, a malate transporter, MdALMT14, was identified as an interactor. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays further indicated the interaction of the two proteins. Transgenic analyses showed that MdSOS2L1 is required for cadmium-induced phosphorylation at the Ser358 site of MdALMT14, a modification that enhanced the stability of the MdALMT14 protein. MdSOS2L1 was also shown to enhance cadmium tolerance in an MdALMT14-dependent manner. This study sheds light on the roles of the MdSOS2L1–MdALMT14 complex in physiological responses to cadmium toxicity.
Revisiting floral fusion: the evolution and molecular basis of a developmental innovation
Authors: Phillips Heather R , Landis Jacob B , Specht Chelsea D 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThroughout the evolution of the angiosperm flower, developmental innovations have enabled the modification or elaboration of novel floral organs enabling subsequent diversification and expansion into new niches, for example the formation of novel pollinator relationships. One such developmental innovation is the fusion of various floral organs to form complex structures. Multiple types of floral fusion exist; each type may be the result of different developmental processes and is likely to have evolved multiple times independently across the angiosperm tree of life. The development of fused organs is thought to be mediated by the NAM/CUC3 subfamily of NAC transcription factors, which mediate boundary formation during meristematic development. The goal of this review is to (i) introduce the development of fused floral organs as a key ‘developmental innovation’, facilitated by a change in the expression of NAM/CUC3 transcription factors; (ii) provide a comprehensive overview of floral fusion phenotypes amongst the angiosperms, defining well-known fusion phenotypes and applying them to a systematic context; and (iii) summarize the current molecular knowledge of this phenomenon, highlighting the evolution of the NAM/CUC3 subfamily of transcription factors implicated in the development of fused organs. The need for a network-based analysis of fusion is discussed, and a gene regulatory network responsible for directing fusion is proposed to guide future research in this area.
Rapid regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting in the absence of minor antenna and reaction centre complexes
Authors: Saccon Francesco , Giovagnetti Vasco , Shukla Mahendra K , Ruban Alexander V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Plants are subject to dramatic fluctuations in the intensity of sunlight throughout the day. When the photosynthetic machinery is exposed to high light, photons are absorbed in excess, potentially leading to oxidative damage of its delicate membrane components. A photoprotective molecular process called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is the fastest response carried out in the thylakoid membranes to harmlessly dissipate excess light energy. Despite having been intensely studied, the site and mechanism of this essential regulatory process are still debated. Here, we show that the main NPQ component called energy-dependent quenching (qE) is present in plants with photosynthetic membranes largely enriched in the major trimeric light-harvesting complex (LHC) II, while being deprived of all minor LHCs and most photosystem core proteins. This fast and reversible quenching depends upon thylakoid lumen acidification (ΔpH). Enhancing ΔpH amplifies the extent of the quenching and restores qE in the membranes lacking PSII subunit S protein (PsbS), whereas the carotenoid zeaxanthin modulates the kinetics and amplitude of the quenching. These findings highlight the self-regulatory properties of the photosynthetic light-harvesting membranes in vivo, where the ability to switch reversibly between the harvesting and dissipative states is an intrinsic property of the major LHCII.
The emotional journey of motherhood in migration. The case of Southern European mothers in Norway
Authors: Herrero-Arias Raquel , Hollekim Ragnhild , Haukanes Haldis , Vagli Åse 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Based on focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with Greek, Italian, and Spanish mothers living in Norway, this article contributes to an emerging body of literature on the role of emotions in migration by exploring migrant motherhood as an emotional journey. Drawing on the work of Arlie Hochschild on emotions and her theoretical concepts of framing rules, feeling rules, and emotion work, the article explores how migrant mothers reflect on their emotions when raising their children in the context of migration. Migrant mothers’ accounts illustrate the ambivalent and contradictory emotional experiences they have when they manage rules about how they should make sense of, and feel about their mothering in both host and origin countries. Emotions of guilt, blame, remorse, pride, satisfaction, confidence, and happiness shaped mothers’ experiences of motherhood and social interactions across countries. Through emotion work, migrant mothers managed interdependent emotions and related to different feeling rules establishing and maintaining relationships across places, and negotiating, in this way, their belonging to multiple contexts. Using an emotions-based sociological perspective, we look at motherhood as a field for studying the functions of emotions and their interactions in the context of migration.
Into the Ly α jungle: exploring the circumgalactic medium of galaxies at z ∼ 4−5 with MUSE
Authors: Bielby Richard M , Fumagalli Michele , Fossati Matteo , Rafelski Marc , Oppenheimer Benjamin , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Christensen Lise , Fynbo J P U , Lopez Sebastian , Morris Simon L , D’Odorico Valentina , Peroux Celine 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the galaxy environment of nine strong H i + C iv absorption line systems (16.2 &lt; log(N(HI)) &lt; 21.2) spanning a wide range in metallicity at z ∼ 4−5, using MUSE integral field and X-Shooter spectroscopic data collected in a z ≈ 5.26 quasar field. We identify galaxies within a 250 kpc and ±1000 km s−1 window for six out of the nine absorption systems, with two of the absorption line systems showing multiple associated galaxies within the MUSE field of view. The space density of Ly α emitting galaxies (LAEs) around the H i and C iv systems is ≈10−20 times the average sky density of LAEs given the flux limit of our survey, showing a clear correlation between the absorption and galaxy populations. Further, we find that the strongest C iv systems in our sample are those that are most closely aligned with galaxies in velocity space, i.e. within velocities of ±500 km s−1. The two most metal-poor systems lie in the most dense galaxy environments, implying we are potentially tracing gas that is infalling for the first time into star-forming groups at high redshift. Finally, we detect an extended Ly α nebula around the z ≈ 5.26 quasar, which extends up to ≈50 kpc at the surface brightness limit of 3.8 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2. After scaling for surface brightness dimming, we find that this nebula is centrally brighter, having a steeper radial profile than the average for nebulae studied at z ∼ 3 and is consistent with the mild redshift evolution seen from z ≈ 2.
Planetesimals in rarefied gas: wind erosion in slip flow
Authors: Demirci Tunahan , Schneider Niclas , Steinpilz Tobias , Bogdan Tabea , Teiser Jens , Wurm Gerhard 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
A planetesimal moves through the gas of its protoplanetary disc where it experiences a head wind. Though the ambient pressure is low, this wind can erode and ultimately destroy the planetesimal if the flow is strong enough. For the first time, we observe wind erosion in ground-based and microgravity experiments at pressures relevant in protoplanetary discs, i.e. down to $10^{-1}\, \rm mbar$. We find that the required shear stress for erosion depends on the Knudsen number related to the grains at the surface. The critical shear stress to initiate erosion increases as particles become comparable to or larger than the mean free path of the gas molecules. This makes pebble pile planetesimals more stable at lower pressure. However, it does not save them as the experiments also show that the critical shear stress to initiate erosion is very low for sub-millimetre-sized grains.
S2COSMOS: Evolution of gas mass with redshift using dust emission
Authors: Millard Jenifer S , Eales Stephen A , Smith M W L , Gomez H L , Małek K , Simpson J M , Peng Y , Sawicki M , Beeston R A , Bunker Andrew , Ao Y , Babul A , Ho L C , Hwang Ho Seong , Michałowski M J , Scoville N , Shim H , Toba Y 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the evolution of the gas mass fraction for galaxies in the COSMOS field using submillimetre emission from dust at 850 μm. We use stacking methodologies on the 850  μm S2COSMOS map to derive the gas mass fraction of galaxies out to high redshifts, 0 ≤ z ≤ 5, for galaxies with stellar masses of $10^{9.5} \lt M_* (\rm M_{\odot }) \lt 10^{11.75}$. In comparison to previous literature studies we extend to higher redshifts, include more normal star-forming galaxies (on the main sequence), and also investigate the evolution of the gas mass fraction split by star-forming and passive galaxy populations. We find our stacking results broadly agree with scaling relations in the literature. We find tentative evidence for a peak in the gas mass fraction of galaxies at around z ∼ 2.5–3, just before the peak of the star formation history of the Universe. We find that passive galaxies are particularly devoid of gas, compared to the star-forming population. We find that even at high redshifts, high stellar mass galaxies still contain significant amounts of gas.
One concept does not fit all: the immune system in different forms of acute kidney injury
Authors: Anders Hans-Joachim , Wilkens Louise , Schraml Barbara , Marschner Julian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Renal and immune systems maintain body homoeostasis during physiological fluctuations and following tissue injury. The immune system plays a central role during acute kidney injury (AKI), adapting evolutional systems programmed for host defence and minimizing unnecessary collateral damage. Indeed, depending upon the disease context, the impact of the immune system upon the manifestations and consequences of AKI can be quite different. Here we provide an overview of the known and unknown involvement of the immune system within the wide range of different forms of AKI, to oppose oversimplification and to endorse deeper insights into the pathogenesis of the different diseases causing kidney injury. This approach may help to overcome some of the current hurdles in translational AKI research and the development of specific treatments for the different diseases, all presenting with an acute increase in serum creatinine or decline in urinary output. One concept does not fit all.
β-blocker dialyzability and the risk of mortality and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Wu Ping-Hsun , Lin Yi-Ting , Kuo Mei-Chuan , Liu Jia-Sin , Tsai Yi-Chun , Chiu Yi-Wen , Carrero Juan-Jesus 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
β-blocker (BB) dialyzability has been proposed to limit their efficacy among hemodialysis (HD) patients. We attempted to confirm this hypothesis by comparing health outcomes associated with the initiation of dialyzable or nondialyzable BBs in a nationwide cohort of HD patients.

Methods
We created a prospective cohort study of 15 699 HD patients who initiated dialyzable BBs (atenolol, acebutolol, metoprolol and bisoprolol) and 20 904 hemodialysis patients who initiated nondialyzable BBs (betaxolol, carvedilol and propranolol) between 2004 and 2011 in Taiwan healthcare. We compared the risk of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs, a composite of the acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke and heart failure) between users of dialyzable versus nondialyzable BBs during a 2-year follow-up.

Results
New users of dialyzable BBs were younger, more often men, with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia compared with users of nondialyzable BBs. Compared with nondialyzable BBs, initiation of dialyzable BBs was associated with lower all-cause mortality {hazard ratio [HR] 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.88]} and lower risk of MACEs [HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.93)]. Results were confirmed in subgroup analyses, censoring at BB discontinuation or switch, after 1:1 propensity score matching, reclassifying bisoprolol or excluding bisoprolol/carvedilol users.

Conclusions
This study does not offer support for the hypothesis that the dialyzability of BBs reduces their efficacy in HD patients.
OsMYB80 Regulates Anther Development and Pollen Fertility by Targeting Multiple Biological Pathways
Authors: Pan Xiaoying , Yan Wei , Chang Zhenyi , Xu Yingchao , Luo Ming , Xu Chunjue , Chen Zhufeng , Wu Jianxin , Tang Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPollen development is critical to the reproductive success of flowering plants, but how it is regulated is not well understood. Here, we isolated two allelic male-sterile mutants of OsMYB80 and investigated how OsMYB80 regulates male fertility in rice. OsMYB80 was barely expressed in tissues other than anthers, where it initiated the expression during meiosis, reached the peak at the tetrad-releasing stage and then quickly declined afterward. The osmyb80 mutants exhibited premature tapetum cell death, lack of Ubisch bodies, no exine and microspore degeneration. To understand how OsMYB80 regulates anther development, RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify genes differentially regulated by OsMYB80 in rice anthers. In addition, DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis was performed to identify DNA fragments interacting with OsMYB80 in vitro. Overlap of the genes identified by RNA-seq and DAP-seq revealed 188 genes that were differentially regulated by OsMYB80 and also carried an OsMYB80-interacting DNA element in the promoter. Ten of these promoter elements were randomly selected for gel shift assay and yeast one-hybrid assay, and all showed OsMYB80 binding. The 10 promoters also showed OsMYB80-dependent induction when co-expressed in rice protoplast. Functional annotation of the 188 genes suggested that OsMYB80 regulates male fertility by directly targeting multiple biological processes. The identification of these genes significantly enriched the gene networks governing anther development and provided much new information for the understanding of pollen development and male fertility.
Does Choice Really Imply Excluded Middle? Part II: Historical, Philosophical, and Foundational Reflections on the Goodman–Myhill Result†
Authors: Tennant Neil 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTOur regimentation of Goodman and Myhill’s proof of Excluded Middle revealed among its premises a form of Choice and an instance of Separation.Here we revisit Zermelo’s requirement that the separating property be definite. The instance that Goodman and Myhill used is not constructively warranted. It is that principle, and not Choice alone, that precipitates Excluded Middle.Separation in various axiomatizations of constructive set theory is examined. We conclude that insufficient critical attention has been paid to how those forms of Separation fail, in light of the Goodman–Myhill result, to capture a genuinely constructive notion of set.
Risk Factors for Psychotic Relapse After Dose Reduction or Discontinuation of Antipsychotics in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bogers Jan P A M , Hambarian George , Michiels Maykel , Vermeulen Jentien , de Haan Lieuwe 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
High doses of antipsychotics in patients with chronic schizophrenia might lead to more severe side effects and possibly hamper recovery, but dose reduction carries the risk of psychotic relapse. It would be helpful to establish risk factors for relapse during dose reduction. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from January 1950 through June 2019 and reviewed studies that reported on relapse rates (event rates [ERs]) after dose reduction or discontinuation of antipsychotics in cohorts of patients with chronic schizophrenia. We calculated ERs (with 95% CIs) per person-year and sought to identify potential risk factors, such as patient characteristics, dose reduction/discontinuation characteristics, and study characteristics. Of 165 publications, 40 describing dose reduction or discontinuation in 46 cohorts (1677 patients) were included. The pooled ER for psychotic relapse was 0.55 (95% CI 0.46–0.65) per person-year. The ER was significantly higher in inpatients, patients with a shorter duration of illness, patients in whom antipsychotics were discontinued or in whom the dose was reduced to less than 5 mg haloperidol equivalent, studies with a short follow-up or published before 1990, and studies in which relapse was based on clinical judgment (ie, rating scales were not used). Clinicians should consider several robust risk factors for psychotic relapse in case of dose reduction in chronic schizophrenia.