bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisitando responsabilidades e violência através de agentes religiosos, na África do Sul e no País Basco.
Authors: Villalón Adriana Maria 
Published: June 2020

Este texto trata de aspectos novos e desconfortáveis que enfatizam processos de gestão da violência interna e reconstrução nacional. Especificamente, analiso mobilizado por agentes religiosos que questionam esses esforços, mostrando outras figuras de responsabilidade e de sofrimento que normalmente são minimizados para colocar todos os olhos e dispositivos no atividades vítima-agressor essencializada par. Discuto isso a partir de exemplos de dois contextos diferentes: o pós-apartheid da África do Sul e o processo de paz basco (Espanha). O material etnográfico aborda os efeitos e várias facetas que envolvem pedidos de "restituição" mobilizada pela entidade sul-Africana Restitution Center que, sem abandonar a categoria de reconciliação que dominava o CVR, visa sensibilizar a comunidade branca sobre sua dívida, a sua responsabilidade durante o apartheid. O segundo é xm registro etnográfico de um mobilizados pela Diocese de Bilbao (País Basco) "BAKE topaketa, Encontro para a Paz", que visa sensibilizar o público em geral sobre casos de evento vítimas menos conhecidas, que por sua vez têm relacionamento com os vitimadores do ETA (organização ETA). É interessante pensar na complexidade das dimensões que englobam processos de violência interna que, com o passar dos anos, mostram novas facetas e novos protagonistas. A dimensão religiosa aqui funciona como uma força motriz para outros movimentos, através de especialistas ativistas religiosos, com sua retórica e recursos específicos.
Adaptations for Wear Resistance and Damage Resilience: Micromechanics of Spider Cuticular “Tools”
Authors: Tadayon Maryam , Younes‐Metzler Osnat , Shelef Yaniv , Zaslansky Paul , Rechels Alon , Berner Alex , Zolotoyabko Emil , Barth Friedrich G. , Fratzl Peter , Bar‐On Benny , Politi Yael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the absence of minerals as stiffening agents, insects and spiders often use metal‐ion cross‐linking of protein matrices in their fully organic load‐bearing “tools.” In this comparative study, the hierarchical fiber architecture, elemental distribution, and the micromechanical properties of the manganese‐ and calcium‐rich cuticle of the claws of the spider Cupiennius salei, and the Zn‐rich cuticle of the cheliceral fangs of the same animal are analyzed. By correlating experimental results to finite element analysis, functional microstructural and compositional adaptations are inferred leading to remarkable damage resilience and abrasion tolerance, respectively. The results further reveal that the incorporation of both zinc and manganese/calcium correlates well with increased biomaterial's stiffness and hardness. However, the abrasion‐resistance of the claw material cross‐linked by incorporation of Mn/Ca‐ions surpasses that of many other non‐mineralized biological counterparts and is comparable to that of the fang with more than triple Zn content. These biomaterial‐adaptation paradigms for enhanced wear‐resistance may serve as novel design principles for advanced, high‐performance, functional surfaces, and graded materials.
Single‐Crystalline TiO2(B) Nanobelts with Unusual Large Exposed {100} Facets and Enhanced Li‐Storage Capacity
Authors: Wang Qiang , Shen Lei , Xue Tong , Cheng Gao , Huang Cheng Zhi , Fan Hong Jin , Feng Yuan Ping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe {100} facet of single‐crystalline TiO2(B) is an ideal platform for inserting Li ions, but it is hard to be obtained due to its high surface energy. Here, the single‐crystalline TiO2(B) nanobelts from H2Ti3O7 with nearly 70% {100} facets exposed are synthesized, which significantly enhances Li‐storage capacity. The first‐principle calculations demonstrate an ab in‐plane 2D diffusion through the exposed {100} facets. As a consequence, the nanobelts can significantly accommodate Li ions in LiTiO2 formula with specific capacity up to 335 mAh g−1, which is in good agreement with the electrochemical characterizations. Coating with conductive and protective poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate), the cut‐off discharge voltage is as low as 0.5 V, leading to a capacity of 160.7 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles with a retention rate of 66% at 1C. This work provides a practical strategy to increase the Li‐ion capacity and cycle stability by tailoring the crystal orientation and nanostructures.
The Role of Nanowrinkles in Mass Transport across Graphene‐Based Membranes
Authors: Kang Yuan , Qiu Ruosang , Jian Meipeng , Wang Peiyao , Xia Yun , Motevalli Benyamin , Zhao Wang , Tian Zhiming , Liu Jefferson Zhe , Wang Huanting , Liu Huiyuan , Zhang Xiwang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLaminar membranes stacked by 2D materials are an emerging selective unit in separating processes across disciplines for their controllable mass transport properties. In general, parallel nanochannels formed between neighboring layers, owing to their adjustable size and surface chemistry, are considered the dominant transport regulator. Besides these flat interlayer channels, wrinkled morphology has also existed in 2D membranes, but the structure and potential transporting role of such curved channel remain largely unexplored. This study demonstrates that nanowrinkles are intrinsically formed in graphene‐based membranes, featuring an arc‐like shape with around 2.5 nm high center and two narrow wedge corners. By a facile “solvent‐treatment” during assembly, the membranes are tuned to possess different wrinkle density. In transport tests involving water and ions, the appearance of more wrinkles yields higher water permeation yet has limited effect on ion passage. These findings suggest that nanowrinkles by themselves serve as fast transporting ways while their connection with narrow interlayer channels can form a selective network. Results here are expected to deepen the understanding of mass transport mechanisms in current laminar membranes (e.g., graphene‐based) and provide strategies for designing future 2D membranes via wrinkle engineering.
Consolidating Lithiothermic‐Ready Transition Metals for Li2S‐Based Cathodes
Authors: Xing Zhenyu , Tan Guoqiang , Yuan Yifei , Wang Bao , Ma Lu , Xie Jing , Li Zesheng , Wu Tianpin , Ren Yang , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza , Lu Jun , Ji Xiulei , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLi2S holds a promising role as a high‐capacity Li‐containing cathode, circumventing use of metallic lithium in constructing next‐generation batteries to replace current Li‐ion batteries. However, progress of Li2S cathode has been plagued by its intrinsic drawbacks, including high activation potentials, poor rate performance, and rapid capacity fading during long cycling. Herein, a series of Li2S/transition metal (TM) nanocomposites are synthesized via a lithiothermic reduction reaction, and it is realized that the presence of TMs in Li2S matrix can transform electrochemical behaviors of Li2S. On the one hand, the incorporation of W, Mo, or Ti greatly increases electronic and ionic conductivity of Li2S composites and inhibits the polysulfide dissolution via the TMS bond, effectively addressing the drawbacks of Li2S cathodes. In particular, Li2S/W and Li2S/Mo exhibit the highest ionic conductivity of solid‐phase Li‐ion conductors ever‐reported: 5.44 × 10−2 and 3.62 × 10−2 S m−1, respectively. On the other hand, integrating Co, Mn, and Zn turns Li2S into a prelithiation agent, forming metal sulfides rather than S8 after the full charge. These interesting findings may shed light on the design of Li2S‐based cathode materials.
Green and Ethanol‐Resistant Polyurethane Nanofibrous Membranes Based on an Ethanol Solvent for Waterproof and Breathable Textiles
Authors: Zhou Wen , Yu Xi , Cao Leitao , Yang Ming , Li Yang , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWaterproof and breathable (W&B) membranes can resist liquid water penetration while transmitting water vapor simultaneously, which is critical for improving the comfort and protection offered by the resulting textiles; however, it remains a substantial challenge to construct promising nontoxic W&B membranes based on green solvents. Here, a simple and scalable strategy is developed for fabricating green, W&B, polyurethane nanofibrous membranes based on an ethanol solvent via emulsion electrospinning and post thermal treatment. A novel ethanol‐soluble and spinnable polyurethane is synthesized by a stepwise polymerization reaction. Notably, green nanofibrous membranes with high hydrophobicity are obtained based on fluorinated polyurethane/ethanol emulsions, utilizing the synthesized polyurethane as the template polymer. Furthermore, the introduction of the aziridine crosslinker (tris (2‐methyl‐1‐aziridine propionate) (TTMA)) constructs the structure by post thermal treatment between TTMA and ethanol‐soluble polyurethane, resulting in the exceptional ethanol resistance of the nanofibrous membranes. The resulting membranes present integrated functionalities of a robust hydrostatic pressure of 86.2 kPa, high water vapor permeability of 13.1 kg m−2 d−1, good air permeability of 5.5 mm s−1, low mass‐loss rate of 8.6 wt% after 60 min ethanol immersion, and desirable elasticity with a strain recovery ratio of 79.2%, offering strong potential for the next generation green and nontoxic protective textiles.
Selectively Oxidative Thiolysis of Nitriles into Primary Thioamides and Insecticidal Application
Authors: Huang Zhuo‐Bin , Guo Xue‐Ying , Huang Zi‐Hao , Li Ming‐Hua , Dong Shou‐Cheng , Tang Ri‐Yuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrimary thioamides are useful building blocks for drug and insecticide development, therefore an environmentally benign synthesis of primary thioamides is desired. This paper discloses an oxidative thiolysis for the selective transformation of nitriles into primary thioamides using elemental sulfur or thiuram in the presence of K2S2O8 in DMF/H2O. This practical method enables access to a wide range of synthetically and pharmaceutically useful primary thioamides. Advantages of this reaction include transition‐metal‐free and base‐free reaction conditions, use of an environmentally benign solvent (DMF/H2O) system, the use of non‐toxic elemental sulfur or thiuram as the sulfur sources, and good functional groups tolerances with excellent selectivity. Furthermore, the insecticide Fipronil can also be converted to the corresponding thioamide and maintains excellent bioactivity against P. xylostella. The LC50 value of Fipronil thioamide is 1.25 mg/L.
Concurrence and Quantum Discord in the Eigenstates of Chaotic and Integrable Spin Chains
Authors: Ashouri Atefeh , Mahdavifar Saeed , Misguich Grégoire , Vahedi Javad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere has been some substantial research about the connections between quantum chaos and quantum correlations in many‐body systems. This paper discusses a specific aspect of correlations in chaotic spin models, through concurrence (CC) and quantum discord (QD). Numerical results obtained in the quantum chaos regime and in the integrable regime of spin‐1/2 chains are compared. The CC and QD between nearest‐neighbor pairs of spins are calculated for all energy eigenstates. The results show that, depending on whether the system is in a chaotic or integrable regime, the distribution of CC and QD are markedly different. On the other hand, in the integrable regime, states with the largest CC and QD are found in the middle of the spectrum, in the chaotic regime, the states with the strongest correlations are found at low and high energies at the edges of spectrum. Finite‐size effects are analyzed, and some of the results are discussed in the light of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.
Dual‐Defects Adjusted Crystal‐Field Splitting of LaCo1−xNixO3−δHollow Multishelled Structures for Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Huan , Qi Jian , Yang Nailiang , Cui Wei , Wang Jiangyan , Li Qinghao , Zhang Qinghua , Yu Xiqian , Gu Lin , Li Jiong , Yu Ranbo , Huang Keke , Song Shuyan , Feng Shouhua , Wang Dan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo boost the performance for various applications, a rational bottom‐up design on materials is necessary. The defect engineering on nanoparticle at the atomic level can efficiently tune the electronic behavior, which offers great opportunities in enhancing the catalytic performance. In this paper, we optimized the surface oxygen vacancy concentration and created the lattice distortion in rare‐earth‐based perovskite oxide through gradient replacement of the B site with valence alternated element. The dual defects make the electron spin state transit from low spin state to high spin state, thus decreasing the charge transport resistance. Furthermore, assembly the modified nanoparticle subunits into the micro‐sized hollow multishelled structures can provide porous shells, abundant interior space and effective contact, which enables an enhanced mass transfer and a shorter charge transport path. As a result, the systemic design in the electronic and nano‐micro structures for catalyst has brought an excellent oxygen evolution performance.
Fluorogenic Probe Using a Mislow–Evans Rearrangement for Real‐Time Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Pham Dianne , Basu Upamanyu , Pohorilets Ivanna , St Croix Claudette M. , Watkins Simon C. , Koide Kazunori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediates the biology of wound healing, apoptosis, inflammation, etc. H2O2 has been fluorometrically imaged with protein‐ or small‐molecule‐based probes. However, only protein‐based probes have afforded temporal insights within seconds. Small‐molecule‐based electrophilic probes for H2O2 require many minutes for a sufficient response in biological systems. Here, we report a fluorogenic probe that selectively undergoes a [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement (seleno‐Mislow‐Evans rearrangement) with H2O2, followed by acetal hydrolysis, to produce a green fluorescent molecule in seconds. Unlike other electrophilic probes, the current probe acts as a nucleophile. The fast kinetics enabled real‐time imaging of H2O2 produced in endothelial cells in 8 seconds (much earlier than previously shown) and H2O2 in a zebrafish wound healing model. This work may provide a platform for endogenous H2O2 detection in real time with chemical probes.
Deacylation of Calcium‐Dependent Antibiotics from Streptomyces violaceoruber in Co‐culture with Streptomyces sp. MG7‐G1
Authors: Schindl Kathrin , Sharma Deepika , Spiteller Dieter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen Streptomyces violaceoruber grows together with Streptomyces sp. MG7‐G1, it reacts with strongly induced droplet production on its aerial mycelium. Initially the metabolite profile of droplets from S. violaceoruber in co‐culture with Streptomyces sp. MG7‐G1 was compared to samples from S. violaceoruber in single‐culture by using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS). Then, the exudate from agar plates of co‐cultures and single cultures (after freezing and thawing) was also analysed. Several compounds were only observed when S. violaceoruber was grown in co‐culture. Based on their high‐resolution ESI mass spectra and their comparable retention times to the calcium‐dependent antibiotics (CDAs) produced by S. violaceoruber, the new compounds were suspected to be deacylated calcium‐dependent antibiotics (daCDAs), lacking the 2,3‐epoxyhexanoyl residue of CDAs. This was verified by detailed analysis of the MS/MS spectra of the daCDAs in comparison to the CDAs. The major CDA compounds present in calcium ion‐supplemented agar medium of co‐cultures were daCDAs, thus suggesting that Streptomyces sp. MG7‐G1 expresses a deacylase that degrades CDAs.
A general rule for uniqueness in self‐modeling curve resolution methods
Authors: Karimvand Somaiyeh Khodadadi , Lakeh Mahsa Akbari , Tavakkoli Elnaz , Ghaffari Mahdiyeh , Omidikia Nematollah , Abad Saeed Khalili Ali , Rajkó Róbert , Abdollahi Hamid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSelf‐modeling curve resolution (SMCR) techniques are widely applied for resolving chemical data to the pure‐component spectra and composition profiles. In most circumstances, there is a range of mathematical solutions to the curve resolution problem. The mathematical solutions generated by SMCR obey the applied constraints coming from a priori physicochemical information about the system under investigation. However, several studies demonstrate that a unique solution can be obtained by implementing some constraints such as trilinearity, equality, zero concentration region, correspondence, local‐rank, and non‐negativity under data‐based uniqueness (DBU) condition. In this research, a general rule for uniqueness (GRU) is proposed to unify all the different information that lead to a unique solution in one framework. Moreover, GRU can be a guide for developing new constraints in SMCR to get more accurate solutions.The authors are delighted to dedicate this manuscript to Professor Paul J. Gemperline in recognition of his significant contributions to the field of chemometrics. We believe that the chemometrics society's success in addressing its mission owes a great deal to his vision, passion for learning and teaching, and extensive scientific efforts over the years. We honor his friendship and generous supports.
Activity‐Based Sensing of Ascorbate by Using Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Bond Cleavage
Authors: Yu Zuo Hang , Reinhardt Christopher J. , Wong Thomas Hin‐Fung , Tong Ka Yan , Chan Jefferson , Au‐Yeung Ho Yu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAscorbate is an important biological reductant and enzyme cofactor. Although direct detection through ascorbate‐mediated reduction is possible, this approach suffers from poor selectivity due to the wide range of cellular reducing agents. To overcome this limitation, we leverage reduction potential of ascorbate to mediate a copper‐mediated oxidative bond cleavage of ether‐caged fluorophores. The copper(II) complexes supported by a {bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)}benzylamine or a {bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)}(2‐methoxybenzyl)amine ligand were identified as an ascorbate responsive unit and their reaction with ascorbate yields a copper‐based oxidant that enables rapid benzylic oxidation and the release of an ether‐caged dye (coumarin or fluorescein). The copper‐mediated bond cleavage is specific to ascorbate and the trigger can be readily derivatized for tuning photophysical properties of the probes. The probes were successfully applied for the fluorometric detection of ascorbate in commercial food samples, human plasma, and serum, and within live cells by using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.
Study of YAG : Ce and Polymer Composite Properties for Application in LED Devices
Authors: Inkrataite Greta , Zabiliute‐Karaliune Akvile , Aglinskaite Justina , Vitta Pranciskus , Kristinaityte Kristina , Marsalka Arunas , Skaudzius Ramunas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe cost of the rare‐earth metal cerium means that preparation of YAG : Ce is expensive. To overcome this, the garnet could partially be replaced by cheaper alternatives, while retaining the original properties of YAG : Ce. Composites with different polymers such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (M280) and dipentaerythrityl hexaacrylate (M600) were therefore studied. YAG : Ce and boron nitride were added into the polymer matrix in order to obtain composites with enhanced thermal conductivity, necessary for high‐optical‐density applications. The physical properties of the composites were measured by using XRD, DSC, SEM, and NMR, and the most important characteristics for LED materials such as emission, excitation, decay time and quantum efficiency were analyzed. An LED prototype was developed to test and demonstrate the composites for practical applications. That developed device exhibited optical properties very close to those comprising a commercial garnet prototype, which was also developed for comparison. The main advantage of the proposed technology is that by using 2 time less the amount of YAG : Ce, almost the same light output was obtained compared to commercial phosphors.
Columnar Liquid Crystals from Star‐Shaped Conjugated Mesogens as Nano‐Reservoirs for Small Acceptors
Authors: Lambov Martin , Hensiek Nicola , Pöppler Ann‐Christin , Lehmann Matthias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractShape‐persistent conjugated mesogens with oligothiophene arms of different lengths have been synthesized. Such mesogens possess free intrinsic space between their conjugated arms. They form columnar liquid‐crystalline phases, in which the void is filled by dense helical packing in the neat phase similar to an oligo(phenylene vinylene) derivative of equal size. The void can also be compensated by the inclusion of the small acceptor molecule 2,4,7‐trinitrofluorenone. In solution, the acceptor interacts with the core as the largest π‐surface, while in the solid material, it is incorporated between the arms and sandwiched by the star‐shaped neighbours along the columnar assemblies. The TNF acceptors are not nanosegregated from the star‐shaped donors, thus the liquid crystal structure converts to a nano‐reservoir for TNF (endo‐receptor). These host–guest arrangements are confirmed by comprehensive X‐ray scattering experiments and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. This results in ordered columnar hexagonal phases at high temperatures, which change to helical columnar mesophases or to columnar soft crystals at room temperature.
Modeling winter survival in cereals: An interactive tool
Authors: Byrns Brook M. , Greer Ken J. , Fowler D. Brian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn interactive web‐based model (https://norstar.usask.ca/survivalmodel) that simulates winter survival in cereals has been developed for use by farmers, extension workers, plant breeders, and researchers. Consistent with our current understanding of low‐temperature (LT) gene regulation, the model is based on a series of equations describing phenological development, acclimation, dehardening, and damage due to LT stress. Low‐temperature tolerance is estimated on a daily basis relative to crown temperature, stage of phenological development, and cultivar LT tolerance potential. Acclimation proceeds until the start of the reproductive growth stage, which becomes a critical developmental switch that initiates the downregulation of LT tolerance gene expression. Environmental data can be uploaded and model input parameters revised to allow for simulation of genotypic differences and environmental conditions of special interest to users. Because the model is fully interactive, it can be used as a teaching tool that allows production risks, cause‐and‐effect processes, and genetic theories to be systematically investigated. In addition to encouraging more widespread use of the model, opening access to interested researchers will serve as a means of additional testing and validation allowing further refinements to be made. This will hopefully lead to increased prediction accuracy over a wider range of environmental conditions and a better understanding of the dynamic interactions involved in over‐winter survival of winter annual crops.