bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of Fractionated Dual‐Wavelength Picosecond Laser in Treating Acne Scar
Authors: Yang Ching‐Sheng , Huang Yau‐Li , Cheng Chun‐Yu , Hu Sindy , Chang Shyue‐Luen , Lee Mei‐Ching 
Published: January 2020

Background and ObjectivesThe picosecond (PICO) laser has been a new and promising device. But, so far, there have not been many prospective studies investigating the efficacy in acne scar treatment. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the dual‐wavelength picosecond laser in the treatment of acne scar.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA total of 20 patients with skin type III–IV were enrolled in this study. Eighteen patients completed the study. All patients completed six treatment sessions within a 1‐month interval. All patients were treated using both 532 and 1,064 nm fractionated dual‐wavelength picosecond handpieces. In evaluation, Goodman and Baron's quantitative global acne scarring grading system (GSS) was scored by two physicians. Patients also judged the results themselves by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and pain score.ResultsThe average baseline score of GSS quantity and quality were 15.22 and 3.00, respectively. The final scores were 10.61 and 2.33. The average baseline of patient VAS score was 4.28. The final score was 2.00. All scores achieved statistical significance (P < 0.05). No serious long‐term side effects were recorded.ConclusionAcne scar treatment with the fractionated dual‐wavelength picosecond laser has shown both efficacy and safety in this study. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A compact wideband circularly polarized antenna with dual SIW cavity modes
Authors: Cheng You‐Feng , Luo Jie , Peng Fan , Liao Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis letter presents an improved planar circularly polarized antenna with broad impedance and axial ratio (AR) bandwidths. Four rectangle slots backed by a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity are fed by a sequentially rotated feeding network to realize the circular polarization. Besides, TE110 and TE210 modes are excited in the SIW cavity and thus an impedance band from 5.24 to 6.44 GHz (20.6%) and an AR band of 5.29 to 6.19 GHz (15.7%) are realized. The antenna also has some other advantages, such as compact size, low profile, and easy integration with other planar circuits, which make it has the potential for some wireless systems.
Conservation and the social sciences: Beyond critique and co‐optation. A case study from orangutan conservation
Authors: Chua Liana , Harrison Mark E. , Fair Hannah , Milne Sol , Palmer Alexandra , Rubis June , Thung Paul , Wich Serge , Büscher Bram , Cheyne Susan M. , Puri Rajindra K. , Schreer Viola , Stępień Anna , Meijaard Erik 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Interactions between conservation and the social sciences are frequently characterized by either critique (of conservation by social scientists) or co‐optation (of social scientific methods and insights by conservationists).

This article seeks to push beyond these two dominant positions by exploring how conservationists and social scientists can engage in mutually transformative dialogue. Jointly authored by conservation scientists and social scientists, it uses the global nexus of orangutan conservation as a lens onto current challenges and possibilities facing the conservation–social science relationship.

We begin with a cross‐disciplinary overview of recent developments in orangutan conservation—particularly those concerned with its social, political and other human dimensions.

The article then undertakes a synthetic analysis of key challenges in orangutan conservation—working across difference, juggling scales and contexts and dealing with politics and political economy—and links them to analogous concerns in the conservation–social science relationship.

Finally, we identify some ways by which orangutan conservation specifically, and the conservation–social science relationship more generally, can move forward: through careful use of proxies as bridging devices, through the creation of new, shared spaces, and through a willingness to destabilize and overhaul status quos. This demands an open‐ended, unavoidably political commitment to critical reflexivity and self‐transformation on the part of both conservationists and social scientists.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Chitosan as Stabilizer Agent: Application towards Electrocatalytical Reduction of p‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Laghrib F. , Houcini H. , Khalil F. , Liba A. , Bakasse M. , Lahrich S. , El Mhammedi M. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a simple chemical method is reported for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using β‐1,4 poly D‐glucosamine as stabilizer agent and their application towards electrocatalytical determination of p‐nitrophenol (p‐NP). The formation of β‐1,4 poly D‐glucosamine capped silver nanoparticles was confirmed using UV‐Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of the β‐1,4 poly D‐glucosamine capped silver nanoparticles modified graphite carbon electrode (β 1,4 p‐DGA‐AgNPs/GrCE) towards p‐NP was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and amperometric (i–t) studies. Typically, the obtained results were compared with those for unmodified graphite carbon. The results clearly reveal that the end prepared sensor has high electrocatalytic activity for p‐NP reduction. From the DPV results, (β 1,4 p‐DGA‐AgNPs/GrCE) was concluded as viable sensor for the electrochemical determination of p‐NP in a linear range from 1.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−4 mol L−1. The minimum calculated concentration that can be detected by the proposed electrode is 6.0×10−7 mol L−1 in terms of the detection limit ((3×σ)/P).
Superior Electrochemical Performance of WNb2O8 Nanorods Triggered by Ultra‐Efficient Li+ Diffusion
Authors: Zhou Zhuren , Lou Shuaifeng , Cheng Xinqun , Cui Binghan , Si Wei , Ding Fei , Ma Yulin , Zuo Pengjian , Du Chunyu , Wang Jiajun , Yin Geping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdvanced anode materials with high rate performance and high safety are greatly desired for power lithium ion batteries. Herein, one‐dimensional WNb2O8 is synthesized via a simple solution method with succeeding thermal calcining, and is first employed as an anode material for power lithium ion batteries. WNb2O8 nanorods with diameters of 100–200 nm reveal a reversible capacity of 229.2 mAh g−1 with high initial coulombic efficiency of 92 % at 0.2 C. WNb2O8 nanorods also possess high rate performance (150.7 mAh g−1 at 10 C) and cycling stability (keeping 85.2 % of the initial capacity after 500 cycles at 5 C). Moreover, the calculation results prove that the intercalation pseudocapacitance, which is promoted by ultrahigh lithium ion diffusion efficiency, plays a significant role in the fast charge/discharge processes.
Catalytic Performance and Characterization of Highly Efficient Composite Ni(Clx)/CeO2/η‐Al2O3/FeCrAl Wire Mesh Catalysts for Preferential CO Methanation
Authors: Konishcheva Margarita V. , Svintsitskiy Dmitry A. , Potemkin Dmitry I. , Rogozhnikov Vladimir N. , Sobyanin Vladimir A. , Snytnikov Pavel V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStructured composite Ni(Clx)/CeO2/η‐Al2O3/FeCrAl catalysts are developed for the reaction of preferential methanation of carbon monoxide in the presence of carbon dioxide. The use of a FeCrAl alloy wire mesh as a support for Ni(Cl)/CeO2 allows preparation of a heat‐conducting catalyst that is similar in performance and physical‐chemical properties to the highly efficient catalysts in the form of micro pellets, as confirmed by catalytic tests and XRD, XPS, TEM, SEM, EDX characterization techniques. Catalytic tests are carried out in hydrogen‐rich mixture which contains (vol. %): 1 CO, 65 H2, 10 H2O, 20 CO2, He – balance; weight hourly space velocity is 29,000 cm3gcat−1h−1. The structured catalyst with highly dispersed nickel and optimal chlorine content provides CO removal to a level of <10 ppm in the temperature interval of 230–300 °C. XRD, TEM, SEM and EDX analysis confirm the presence of Ni nanoparticles and CeOCl species in the catalytic coating. XPS study of samples after reductive pretreatment (simulating CO preferential methanation reaction conditions) in the preparation chamber of the spectrometer reveals the metallic state of Ni and high concentrations of Cl and Ce3+ on the catalyst surface.
Adsorptive Degradation of Phosmet Using Hierarchically Porous Calcium Oxide : An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Nagpal Mudita , Kakkar Rita 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe potential of hierarchically porous calcium oxide (Hr−CaO) as a destructive adsorbent for organophosphate pesticides has been explored in this work. Hr−CaO has been synthesized via an environment friendly precipitation method using water/ glycerol as the solvent system and gelatin as a template. As‐prepared CaO exhibits a hierarchically porous structure with a high surface area of 74.8 m2 g−1. The adsorption of phosmet on Hr−CaO obeys pseudo‐second order kinetics and is described well by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Thermodynamic studies further explain the adsorption process to be exothermic and spontaneous. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis of Hr−CaO after phosmet adsorption and the fragmentation pattern of phosmet obtained through mass spectrometric studies suggest chemical interaction of phosmet with Hr−CaO. Density functional theory (DFT) studies further confirm highly exothermic destructive phosmet adsorption and degradation products matching the peaks obtained in the mass spectrum.
Plasmonic Elastic Capsules as Colorimetric Reversible pH‐Microsensors
Authors: Burel Céline , Teolis Alexandre , Alsayed Ahmed , Murray Christopher B. , Donnio Bertrand , Dreyfus Rémi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is a crucial need for effective and easily dispersible colloidal microsensors able to detect local pH changes before irreversible damages caused by demineralization, corrosion, or biofilms occur. One class of such microsensors is based on molecular dyes encapsulated or dispersed either in polymer matrices or in liquid systems exhibiting different colors upon pH variations. They are efficient but often rely on sophisticated and costly syntheses, and present significant risks of leakage and photobleaching damages, which is detrimental for mainstream applications. Another approach consists of exploiting the distance‐dependent plasmonic properties of metallic nanoparticles. Still, assembling nanoparticles into dispersible colloidal pH‐sensitive sensors remains a challenge. Here, it is shown how to combine optically active plasmonic gold nanoparticles and pH‐responsive thin shells into “plasmocapsules.” Upon pH change, plasmocapsules swell or shrink. Concomitantly, the distance between the gold nanoparticles embedded in the polymeric matrix varies, resulting in an unambiguous color change. Billions of micron‐size sensors can thus be easily fabricated. They are nonintrusive, reusable, and sense local pH changes. Each plasmocapsule is an independent reversible microsensor over a large pH range. Finally, their potential use for the detection of bacterial growth is demonstrated, thus proving that plasmocapsules are a new class of sensing materials.
Mechanical properties of high strength concrete made with pyrophyllite aggregates exposed to high temperature
Authors: Demez Abdultaha , Karakoç Mehmet Burhan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experimental research on the assessment of the residual mechanical properties of high strength concretes (HSCs) made with pyrophyllite aggregate (PA) after high temperature. In the study, HSC mixtures with varying PA ratios (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) were subjected to elevated temperature (150, 300, 450, 600, and 750°C) and then cooled in two different cooling regimes (air and water‐cooling). The properties examined included compressive strength, weight loss, effects of cooling regime, and microstructure of HSC. The results of the study show that the increase in the PA ratios leads to a decrease in the compressive strength values. The results showed that weight loss of the specimens decreased with increasing PA ratios. It was found that the compressive strength values of HSC with PA cooled in air‐cooling are higher than that cooled in water. When the compressive strength loss and the weight loss values are taken into consideration according to the control samples, the group with the highest resistance to high temperature (750°C) effect was 100% PA group. Also, the internal structures of the samples exposed to high temperature were examined using scanning electron microscope and visual observations.
Hypersonic limit of two‐dimensional steady compressible Euler flows passing a straight wedge
Authors: Qu Aifang , Yuan Hairong , Zhao Qin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe formulate a problem on hypersonic limit of two‐dimensional steady non‐isentropic compressible Euler flows passing a straight wedge. It turns out that the Mach number of the upcoming uniform supersonic flow increases to infinity may be taken as that the adiabatic exponent γ of the polytropic gas decreases to 1. We propose a form of the Euler equations which is valid if the unknowns are Radon measures and construct a measure solution containing Dirac measures supported on the surface of the wedge. It is proved that as , the sequence of solutions of the compressible Euler equations that contains a shock ahead of the wedge converges vaguely as measures to the measure solution constructed. This justifies the Newton theory of hypersonic flow passing obstacles in the case of two‐dimensional straight wedges. The result also demonstrates the necessity of considering general measure solutions in the study of boundary‐value problems of systems of hyperbolic conservation laws.
Chronic inflammation promotes proliferation in the prostatic stroma in rats with experimental autoimmune prostatitis: study for a novel method of inducing benign prostatic hyperplasia in a rat model
Authors: Zhang Mengyang , Luo Changcheng , Cui Kai , Xiong Tao , Chen Zhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveInflammation plays an important role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The aim of the present study was to reference the study of the pathological changes in the prostate gland of rats with experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP), for the development of experimental models of BPH.MethodsExperimental autoimmune prostatitis was induced in rats by the intradermal injection of rat prostate antigen with immunoadjuvants. In case of the positive BPH group, BPH was induced by the subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate. At the end of the 45-day model period, prostate weights were measured, and the histopathological analysis of the prostate glands was performed. The levels of cytokines, TGF-β1/RhoA/ROCK signals, and the oxidative stress status were also examined.ResultsRats from the EAP group had a higher histological score than those from the control group. Compared to the samples from rats in the hormone-induced group, those from the EAP group showed a more pronounced increase in the size of the stromal compartment; this was characterized by the formation of reactive stroma and the deposition of a greater amount of extracellular matrix (ECM). Significant increases in the numbers of CD3-positive cells and CD68-positive cells, as well as a significant upregulation in the cytokine levels, and an increase in the TGF-β1 levels and activation of RhoA/ROCK signaling, were observed in the samples from rats in the EAP group.ConclusionChronic inflammation can induce BPH in rats via EAP model method. When performing drug experiments on the stroma compartments of BPH, the use of the EAP model is a recommendation of the authors based on this study.
Hardware removal rates after surgical treatment of proximal femur fractures
Authors: Ponkilainen Ville T. , Huttunen Tuomas T. , Kannus Pekka , Mattila Ville M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Various internal fixation methods have been used to treat proximal femur fractures and occasionally the fixation material is removed. However, nationwide trends of hardware removals are not known. Thus, this study investigated the hardware removal rates after proximal femur fractures in Finland during 1997–2016.

Materials and methods
Finnish adults aged 18 years or older in 1997–2016 formed the basic study population. From the National Hospital Discharge Register patients with trochanteric femur fracture treated with an intramedullary nail (IMN) or dynamic hip screw (DHS), and patients with femoral neck fracture treated with screw fixation, were included. Hardware removal and secondary prosthesis rates were assessed.

Results
Altogether 41,253 patients underwent proximal femoral fracture fixation surgery in Finland in 1997–2016. Of these, 16,152 were DHS surgery and 15,724 IMN surgery and 8491 underwent screw operation of femoral neck fracture. The total removal rates of DHS and IMN were 5.5% and 5.4%. The total removal rate of screw fixations of the femoral neck was higher, 18.5%. The total removal rates during the first 3 years after the IMN more than halved in 1997–2013, from 7.6% to 3.7%, whereas the removal rate of the DHS or screw fixation of femoral neck fractures did not show consistent trend. The rate of secondary prosthesis operations following DHS and IMN was low (1.8% for both). This was in clear contrast to the prosthesis rate following screw fixations of the femoral neck (7.2%).

Conclusions
IMN operations largely replaced DHS operations in trochanteric fractures of the proximal femur in Finland in 1997–2016. The removal and secondary prosthesis rates of the DHS and IMN were clearly lower than the corresponding rates after screw fixations of the femoral neck fracture.

Level of evidence
III, Epidemiologic study.
Latent postharvest pathogens of pome fruit and their management: from single measures to a systems intervention approach
Authors: Wenneker Marcel , Thomma Bart P. H. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPostharvest diseases of pome fruit are typically caused by a wide diversity of fungal pathogens, and the list of confirmed causal agents is still growing. There is considerable knowledge on the epidemiology of wound pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. In contrast, knowledge on the occurrence of the different postharvest diseases caused after latent (quiescent) infections during long-term storage and their epidemiology is limited. Well-known pathogens causing postharvest losses after latent infections are Neofabraea spp. and Colletotrichum spp., but in many cases the causal agents that occur in a specific region remain unknown and their control relies on the routine use of fungicide applications. However, due to the growing concern over the use of synthetic fungicides, alternative control measures are highly desired. Over the past years the use of physical treatments, natural compounds, and biocontrol agents have been investigated as alternatives. However, no single method has emerged that can robustly and reliably control postharvest diseases of pome fruit in practice. In this review it is argued to approach latent postharvest diseases as complex problems that require multiple interventions at different stages of the disease process in a systems intervention approach for their control. Such approach requires a deep understanding of the epidemiology of the causal agents in the orchard, fruit defence mechanisms against pathogens, and the molecular biology of host-pathogen interactions in order to develop novel disease control methods in which the deployment of resistant cultivars can be a cornerstone.
Leaching and degradation of 13C2-15N-glyphosate in field lysimeters
Authors: Gros Peter , Meissner Ralph , Wirth Marisa A. , Kanwischer Marion , Rupp Holger , Schulz-Bull Detlef E. , Leinweber Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlyphosate (GLYP), the globally most important herbicide, may have effects in various compartments of the environment such as soil and water. Although laboratory studies showed fast microbial degradation and a low leaching potential, it is often detected in various environmental compartments, but pathways are unknown. Therefore, the objective was to study GLYP leaching and transformations in a lysimeter field experiment over a study period of one hydrological year using non-radioactive 13C2-15N-GLYP labelling and maize cultivation. 15N and 13C were selectively measured using isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (IR-MS) in leachates, soil, and plant material. Additionally, HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used for quantitation of GLYP and its main degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in different environmental compartments (leachates and soil). Results show low recoveries for GLYP (< 3%) and AMPA (< level of detection) in soil after the study period, whereas recoveries of 15N (11–19%) and 13C (23–54%) were higher. Time independent enrichment of 15N and 13C and the absence of GLYP and AMPA in leachates indicated further degradation. 15N was enriched in all compartments of maize plants (roots, shoots, and cobs). 13C was only enriched in roots. Results confirmed rapid degradation to further degradation products, e.g., 15NH4+, which plausibly was taken up as nutrient by plants. Due to the discrepancy of low GLYP and AMPA concentrations in soil, but higher values for 15N and 13C after the study period, it cannot be excluded that non-extractable residues of GLYP remained and accumulated in soil.
Effects of non-lint material on heritability estimates of cotton fiber length parameters
Authors: Morais João Paulo S. , Kelly Brendan R. , Sayeed Abu , Hequet Eric F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFiber length is an important parameter to spin cotton fibers. Cotton breeders work to improve length, and research samples may be machine-harvested, resulting in variability for trash content between samples within the same experiment. There is evidence that trash may directly or indirectly affect the measurement of some fiber quality parameters like micronaire and strength. We hypothesize that the presence of trash particles in the samples may compromise the quality of the length measurement and screening decisions in breeding programs. In order to test this hypothesis, we developed an experiment to evaluate the heritability of length parameters for entries with the same genetic background and affected by the same environment with different trash content. The heritability estimates for samples with high trash content are different from the estimates for samples with native low trash content. Cleaning trashy samples with a laboratory-scale lint cleaner brings the heritability estimates closer to the calculated values for samples with native low trash content. Although the values are similar, the types of variation are not the same. These results indicate that breeders must avoid making decisions based on samples with high trash content. Breeders should base their decisions on samples with low original trash content because this type of sample provides research results closer to the native length distribution.