bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, analysis, and validation of Radio Research Agency reverberation chamber
Authors: Yousaf Jawad , Lee Hosang , Faisal Muhammad , Junhee Han , Nah Wansoo , Shahwani Hamayoun , Attique Shah Syed , Gyu Yang Jun 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis study presents the electromagnetic (EM) field uniformity analysis of the Korean National Radio Research Agency (RRA) reverberation chamber (RC). The analysis is performed using the normative procedure of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61000‐4‐21 for the estimation of the lowest usable frequency (LUF) of the RRA RC based on the field uniformity characterization. A full‐wave EM model of the RRA RC is designed using the method‐of‐moments (MOM) technique. The triaxial electric fields at the eight corners of the defined working volume are measured using electric field probes for the complete revolution of the mechanical stirrer. The experimental data are obtained for the frequency range of 80–1,000 MHz through the designed data acquisition software. The post‐processing of the experimental and simulation data in terms of calculation of standard deviation of recorded E‐field data, and its comparison with the defined standard deviation limit in IEC 61000‐4‐21 standard is performed to obtain the LUF of the RRA RC. A good degree of agreement was observed between the simulated and measured results of the RC field uniformity.
Multiobjective optimization based on self‐organizing Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for massive MIMO 5G wireless network
Authors: Purushothaman Kesavalu Elumalai , Nagarajan Velmurugan 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe development of future fifth‐generation (5G) wireless networks (WNs) is an active research area worldwide. The 5G network grants significantly upgraded necessities contrasted with those in present wireless systems. Although massive MIMO (mMIMO) incorporation in WN empowers one to encounter 5G network technical necessities, it should handle different challenges to increase the performance. In this paper, a novel multiple objective self‐organizing particle swarm optimizer (SOMPSO) is used to solve multiple objective functions such as user data rate, energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, and average area rate of 5G WN with mMIMO. Furthermore, a fuzzy decision maker is utilized to select a solution vector for getting the best compromising result. Our experimental outputs demonstrate that this SOMPSO is an efficient and promising method to solve multiple objective problems in 5G networks.
Changes in the lipidome in type 1 diabetes following low carbohydrate diet: Post‐hoc analysis of a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Al‐Sari Naba , Schmidt Signe , Suvitaival Tommi , Kim Min , Trošt Kajetan , Ranjan Ajenthen G. , Christensen Merete B. , Overgaard Anne J. , Pociot Flemming , Nørgaard Kirsten , Legido‐Quigley Cristina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsLipid metabolism might be compromised in type 1 diabetes, and the understanding of lipid physiology is critically important. This study aimed to compare the change in plasma lipid concentrations during carbohydrate dietary changes in individuals with type 1 diabetes and identify links to early‐stage dyslipidaemia. We hypothesized that (1) the lipidomic profiles after ingesting low or high carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks would be different; and (2) specific annotated lipid species could have significant associations with metabolic outcomes.MethodsTen adults with type 1 diabetes (mean ± SD: age 43.6 ± 13.8 years, diabetes duration 24.5 ± 13.4 years, BMI 24.9 ± 2.1 kg/m2, HbA1c 57.6 ± 2.6 mmol/mol) using insulin pumps participated in a randomized 2‐period crossover study with a 12‐week intervention period of low carbohydrate diet (< 100 g carbohydrates/day) or high carbohydrate diet (> 250 g carbohydrates/day), respectively, separated by a 12‐week washout period. A large‐scale non‐targeted lipidomics was performed with mass spectrometry in fasting plasma samples obtained before and after each diet intervention. Longitudinal lipid levels were analysed using linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsIn total, 289 lipid species were identified from 14 major lipid classes. Comparing the two diets, 11 lipid species belonging to sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholines and LPC(O‐16:0) were changed. All the 11 lipid species were significantly elevated during low carbohydrate diet. Two lipid species were most differentiated between diets, namely SM(d36:1) (β ± SE: 1.44 ± 0.28, FDR = 0.010) and PC(P‐36:4)/PC(O‐36:5) (β ± SE: 1.34 ± 0.25, FDR = 0.009) species. Polyunsaturated PC(35:4) was inversely associated with BMI and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (p < .001).ConclusionLipidome‐wide outcome analysis of a randomized crossover trial of individuals with type 1 diabetes following a low carbohydrate diet showed an increase in sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines which are thought to reduce dyslipidaemia. The polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine 35:4 was inversely associated with BMI and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (p < .001). Results from this study warrant for more investigation on the long‐term effect of single lipid species in type 1 diabetes.
Egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in young children: A comparison with young adults
Authors: Fernandez‐Baizan Cristina , Arias Jorge L. , Mendez Marta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe most used frames of reference in spatial memory, which allows us to move through the environment, are the egocentric, related to one's own perspective, and the allocentric, based on environmental cues. Although many tasks have been proposed, those that evaluate the two frames of reference separately and compare adults and children are scarce. Our aim was to assess egocentric and allocentric spatial orientation in young children and young adults, comparing between ages, frames of reference and gender. The Egocentric and Allocentric Spatial Memory tests were used. Adults performed better than children on both tasks. Children performed equally in both frames of reference, but adults were more efficient on the allocentric test. Gender did not seem relevant in the performance of either group. Overall, egocentric and allocentric spatial memory are not fully developed at the age of 7 and children do not master any strategy above the other.Highlights
Do school‐aged children reach adults performance in egocentric and allocentric spatial memory?
Two experimental tasks, Egocentric and Allocentric Spatial Memory tests, were used for assessment. Significant differences were found between children from 5‐to‐7 years and adults.
Egocentric and allocentric frameworks are not fully developed at 7 years. Children may not rely on one specific framework for their orientation.
Behavioural, emotional and rhythm‐related disturbances in toddlers: Preliminary findings from a community‐based study in Kerala, India
Authors: Jacob Preeti , TS Jaisoorya , G Sunil Kumar , L Manoj , GR Gokul , K Thennarasu , Srinath Shoba 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeThe need to enhance mental health in primary care settings for infants and toddlers is increasingly becoming apparent. However, the lack of trained healthcare personnel and culturally appropriate measures makes it a challenge in low‐ and middle‐income countries. A needs‐based assessment of the extent of the problems in toddlers will help address the lacunae in providing mental health services.MethodsA needs‐based assessment was carried out of a community sample of 9,287 mothers with toddlers aged between 13 and 25 months in Kerala, India. This assessment was conducted by junior public health nurses using an indigenously developed checklist titled ‘Screening checklist for Behavioural, Emotional and Rhythm‐related disturbances in Toddlers’ (S‐BERT).ResultsAccording to the mothers surveyed, 30.4% of toddlers had concerning or distress causing behaviours. Three factors, namely behavioural, rhythm‐related and emotional disturbances, were deemed significant when the item response theory was used to examine the factor structure of S‐BERT.ConclusionThis study suggests that behaviours that cause distress to mothers of toddlers are common, if queried specifically. Given the constraints in health resources as the cultural factors in operation, use of indigenous tools and principles of collaborative stepped care may be the way forward.
Boldine treatment protects acetaminophen‐induced liver inflammation and acute hepatic necrosis in mice
Authors: Ezhilarasan Devaraj , Raghunandhakumar Subramanian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a frequent cause responsible for acute liver failure (ALF). Acetaminophen (APAP) is a known hepatotoxin predictably causing intrinsic DILI. At high doses, APAP causes acute liver necrosis and responsible for ALF and liver transplant cases in 50% and 20% of patients, respectively, in the United States alone. Oxidative stress and glutathione depletion are implicated in APAP‐induced liver necrosis. Boldine, a plant‐derived compound is shown to have promising antioxidant potential. Therefore, this study investigates the protective effect of boldine against APAP‐induced acute hepatic necrosis in mice. A single toxic dose of APAP (300 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) was administered in overnight‐fasted mice to induce acute liver necrosis. Separately, APAP + boldine and APAP + N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) simultaneous treatments were also given. Serum transaminases and reduced glutathione, enzymic antioxidants, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and, IL‐6 were evaluated in liver tissue. Acute APAP intoxication significantly elevated serum marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity. APAP administration increased lipid peroxidation, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 protein expressions. The enzymic antioxidants and reduced glutathione levels were decreased in liver tissue of APAP intoxicated mice. Boldine and NAC simultaneous treatments prevented APAP‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and necrosis. The results of this study suggest the crucial role of boldine to protect against APAP induced hepatotoxicity by virtue of its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties.
Mangiferin prevents the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and an increase in oxidative stress caused by excessive fluoride in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Tang Zhi , Lai Chen‐Cen , Luo Jun , Ding Yuan‐Ting , Chen Qian , Guan Zhi‐Zhong 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTPrevious studies both invivo and in vitro have revealed that high levels of fluoride cause neurotoxicity. Mangiferin has been reported to possess antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory properties. The present study was designed to characterize the mechanisms by which mangiferin protects against NaF‐induced neurotoxicity. Increased levels of proapoptotic Bax, Caspase‐3, Caspase‐9, and cleaved‐caspase 3, as well as a decreased level of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 induced by fluoride in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells, these effects were prevented by pretreatment of mangiferin. In addition, mangiferin attenuated the enhancement of p‐JNK, reductions of Nrf2 and HO‐1, and increased level of the mitochondrial fission proteins Drp1 caused by fluoride. Moreover, oxidative stress, as reflected in the levels of reactive oxygen species, 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine, and 4‐hydroxynonenal, was elevated by fluoride and these effects were again ameliorated by mangiferin. In conclusion, protection by mangiferin against fluoride‐induced neurotoxicity involves normalizing the impaired mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and dynamics and reducing oxidative stress via inactivation of the JNK and activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways.
Existence of strong difference families and constructions for eight new 2‐designs
Authors: Wang Xiaomiao , Feng Tao , Wang Shixin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing group rings and characters as in the theory of abelian difference sets, some nonexistence results for strong difference families are provided. Existences of strong difference families with base block size are discussed. Via strong difference families, eight 2‐ designs whose existences were unknown are constructed for .
Tumor promoting long non‐coding RNA CASC15 affects HMGB2 expression by sponging miR‐582‐5p in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liang Chao , Wang Jun , Liu Aihua , Wu Yunqiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of tumorigenesis has been gradually recognized. The roles of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15) in cancers have been validated by several independent groups; however, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be explored.MethodsLevels of CASC15 in CRC cells and normal cells were measured using a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction method. In vitro functional assays were performed to detect the effects of CASC15 on cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. Bioinformatic analyses and luciferase activity assays were conducted to investigate the targets for CASC15. Animal experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of CASC15 on tumor growth in vivo.ResultsThe CASC15 level is revealed to be significantly elevated in CRC cells compared to that in normal cells. In vitro assays revealed that CASC15 overexpression stimulates cell growth and invasion, whereas its down‐expression has opposite effects. Furthermore, CASC15 can bind with microRNA‐582‐5p (miR‐582‐5p) to modulate high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) expression. We also showed that silencing of CASC15 inhibits tumor growth.ConclusionsIn summary, CASC15 overexpression could promote CRC carcinogenesis, indicating that knockdown of CASC15 might be a possible therapeutic measure to hinder carcinogenesis. The results of the present study could help us to understand the mechanisms behind CRC progression.
The Influence of Family and Community Factors on Ethnic Identity
Authors: Eng Shu M. , Tram Jane M. 
Published: January 2021

Ethnic identity (EI) is influenced by many factors, but few studies have examined the relative contribution of parenting style and other factors to EI. We addressed this gap by examining the effects of family and community factors on the EI of ethnic minority students enrolled in graduate psychology programs in the United States. The results suggest that family, peers, and experiences of discrimination significantly influence EI. Familial cultural socialization was the strongest contributor to EI.La identidad étnica (EI, por sus siglas en inglés) recibe influencia de muchos factores, pero pocos estudios han examinado la contribución relativa del estilo parental y otros factores a la EI. Abordamos este vacío examinando los efectos de los factores de familia y comunidad en la EI de estudiantes de minorías étnicas matriculados en programas de psicología de posgrado en los Estados Unidos. Los resultados sugieren que la familia, los compañeros y las experiencias de discriminación influyen en la EI de forma significativa. La socialización cultural familiar fue el factor que ejerció la mayor influencia sobre la EI.
The summer precipitation response of latewood tree‐ring chronologies in the southwestern United States
Authors: Howard Ian M. , Stahle David W. , Torbenson Max C. A. , Griffin Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLatewood width tree‐ring chronologies from arid‐site conifers in the southwestern United States are correlated with precipitation during portions of the summer monsoon season. The onset date and length of the monsoon season varies across the region, and these regional differences in summer rainfall climatology may impact the strength and timing of the warm season precipitation response of latewood chronologies. The optimal latewood response to summer precipitation is computed on a daily basis using 67 adjusted latewood chronologies (LWa) from the southwestern United States, adjusted to remove correlation with preceding earlywood growth. Most LWa chronologies are significantly correlated with precipitation summed over a period of approximately 4 weeks (29 days) in early summer. This early summer precipitation signal is present in most ponderosa pine chronologies across the study area. It is also evident in Douglas‐fir chronologies, but only from southern Arizona and New Mexico. The Julian date of summer precipitation onset increases from south to north in the instrumental precipitation data for the southwestern United States. The timing of the early summer season precipitation response in most LWa chronologies also tends to occur later in the summer from southeastern Arizona into northern New Mexico and eastern Colorado. Principal components analysis of the LWa chronologies reproduces two of the three most important spatial modes of early summer precipitation covariability seen in the instrumental data. The first PC of LWa is related to the same atmospheric circulation features associated with PC1 of instrumental early summer precipitation, including cyclonic circulation over the southwestern United States and moisture advection from the eastern Pacific. Correlation analyses between antecedent cool season precipitation and early summer rainfall using instrumental and tree‐ring reconstructed precipitation indicates that the tree‐ring data reproduce the multi‐decadal variability in correlation between seasons seen in the instrumental data.
Evidence of nonlinear Walker circulation feedbacks on extreme El Niño Pacific diversity: Observations and CMIP5 models
Authors: Sulca Juan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Walker circulation (WC) is essential for the formation and diversity of El Niño events. However, the nonlinear WC feedback during extreme Central and Eastern El Niño episodes (C and E episodes, respectively) has received little attention. This study used observational datasets and the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) and historical simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Eight out of 21 historical models that simulate the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) nonlinearity also simulate the nonlinear Bjerknes feedback in C and E episodes. The opposite does not necessarily occur. However, the underestimation of E might limit the empirical determination. Moreover, few historical models simulate the shallow conditional instability of the second kind (CISK) mechanism. Positive C episodes feature an eastward shift in the ascending branch of the Pacific Walker cell (PWC), while shallow convection prevails over the far‐eastern Pacific (FEP). Positive E events feature two anomalous ascending branches located over the central‐western Pacific (170°W) and FEP (80°W). Positive anomalies in sea surface temperature over the FEP induce the second ascending branch. The positive stratification anomaly in the central Pacific Ocean, which is associated with overestimated Ekman feedback, limits the eastward displacement of the first ascending branch of the PWC. The net surface heat flux determines the duration of growth of the two ascending branches of the PWC during C and E events. Because of their coarse resolution, the historical models underestimate the positive stratification anomaly in the FEP, causing the quick demise of the second ascending branch.
Factors Associated with Lymph Node Count in Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Neck Dissection
Authors: Bhalli Hamza , Chen Shuqing , Day Andrew , Tillman Brittny , Gordin Eli , Truelson John , Sher David , Myers Larry , Gao Jinming , Sumer Baran D. 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisDecreased lymph node count (LNC) from neck dissection (ND) for mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients is correlated with decreased survival. Advanced age and low BMI due to undernutrition from dysphagia from advanced T‐stage tumors are common in patients with HNSCC. We studied the relationship between these two well‐described causes for immune dysfunction and LNC in patients undergoing neck dissection.Study DesignWe conducted a retrospective review at a single tertiary care institution of patients with HNSCC that underwent neck dissection from 2006 to 2017.MethodsStepwise linear and logistic regression analyses were performed on 247 subjects to identify independent significant factors associated with 1) the LNC per neck level dissected; 2) advanced T‐stage. One‐way ANOVA was utilized to demonstrate differences between the p16 positive and negative subgroups.ResultsLow BMI (<23 vs. ≥23) (P = .03), extra nodal extension (ENE) (P = .0178), and advanced age (P = .005) were associated with decreased LNC per neck level dissected on multivariable analysis. Higher T‐stage (P = .0005) was correlated with low BMI (<23) after controlling for the effects of tobacco, smoking, sex, ECE, and p16 status. p16+ patients, on average had higher BMI, were younger and produced a higher nodal yield (P < .0001, .007, and .035).ConclusionsPatient intrinsic factors known to correlate with decreased immune function and worse outcomes, including p16 negative status, advanced age, and low BMI from undernutrition and ENE are associated with low nodal yield in neck dissections. LNC may be a metric for anti‐tumor immune function that correlates with prognosis and T‐stage.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1516–1521, 2021
Recent advancements in glycoproteomic studies: Glycopeptide enrichment and derivatization, characterization of glycosylation in SARS CoV2, and interacting glycoproteins
Authors: Pujić Ivona , Perreault Hélène 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProteomics studies allow for the determination of the identity, amount, and interactions of proteins under specific conditions that allow the biological state of an organism to ultimately change. These conditions can be either beneficial or detrimental. Diseases are due to detrimental changes caused by either protein overexpression or underexpression caused by as a result of a mutation or posttranslational modifications (PTM), among other factors. Identification of disease biomarkers through proteomics can be potentially used as clinical information for diagnostics. Common biomarkers to look for include PTM. For example, aberrant glycosylation of proteins is a common marker and will be a focus of interest in this review. A common way to analyze glycoproteins is by glycoproteomics involving mass spectrometry. Due to factors such as micro‐ and macroheterogeneity which result in a lower abundance of each version of a glycoprotein, it is difficult to obtain meaningful results unless rigorous sample preparation procedures are in place. Microheterogeneity represents the diversity of glycans at a single site, whereas macroheterogeneity depicts glycosylation levels at each site of a protein. Enrichment and derivatization of glycopeptides help to overcome these limitations. Over the time range of 2016 to 2020, several methods have been proposed in the literature and have contributed to drastically improve the outcome of glycosylation analysis, as presented in the sampling surveyed in this review. As a current topic in 2020, glycoproteins carried by pathogens can also cause disease and this is seen with SARS CoV2, causing the COVID‐19 pandemic. This review will discuss glycoproteomic studies of the spike glycoprotein and interacting proteins such as the ACE2 receptor.