bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I/II study of tirabrutinib, a second-generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Narita Yoshitaka , Nagane Motoo , Mishima Kazuhiko , Terui Yasuhito , Arakawa Yoshiki , Yonezawa Hajime , Asai Katsunori , Fukuhara Noriko , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Shinojima Naoki , Kitagawa Junsaku , Aoi Arata , Nishikawa Ryo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of tirabrutinib, a second-generation, highly selective oral Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, were evaluated for relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).MethodsPatients with relapsed/refractory PCNSL, Karnofsky performance status ≥70, and normal end-organ function received tirabrutinib 320 and 480 mg once daily (q.d.) in phase I to evaluate dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) within 28 days using a 3 + 3 dose escalation design and with 480 mg q.d. under fasted conditions in phase II.ResultsForty-four patients were enrolled; 20, 7, and 17 received tirabrutinib at 320, 480, and 480 mg under fasted conditions, respectively. No DLTs were observed, and the maximum tolerated dose was not reached at 480 mg. Common grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (9.1%), lymphopenia, leukopenia, and erythema multiforme (6.8% each). One patient with 480 mg q.d. had grade 5 AEs (pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and interstitial lung disease). Independent review committee assessed overall response rate (ORR) at 64%: 60% with 5 complete responses (CR)/unconfirmed complete responses (CRu) at 320 mg, 100% with 4 CR/CRu at 480 mg, and 53% with 6 CR/CRu at 480 mg under fasted conditions. Median progression-free survival was 2.9 months: 2.1, 11.1, and 5.8 months at 320, 480, and 480 mg under fasted conditions, respectively. Median overall survival was not reached. ORR was similar among patients harboring CARD11, MYD88, and CD79B mutations, and corresponding wild types.ConclusionThese data indicate favorable efficacy of tirabrutinib in patients with relapsed/refractory PCNSL.Trial registrationJapicCTI-173646.
Long-term spaceflight and the cardiovascular system
Authors: Vernice Nicholas A , Meydan Cem , Afshinnekoo Ebrahim , Mason Christopher E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
While early investigations into the physiological effects of spaceflight suggest the body's ability to reversibly adapt, the corresponding effects of long-term spaceflight (&gt;6 months) are much less conclusive. Prolonged exposure to microgravity and radiation yields profound effects on the cardiovascular system, including a massive cephalad fluid translocation and altered arterial pressure, which attenuate blood pressure regulatory mechanisms and increase cardiac output. Also, central venous pressure decreases as a result of the loss of venous compression. The stimulation of baroreceptors by the cephalad shift results in an approximately 10%–15% reduction in plasma volume, with fluid translocating from the vascular lumen to the interstitium. Despite possible increases in cardiac workload, myocyte atrophy and notable, yet unexplained, alterations in hematocrit have been observed. Atrophy is postulated to result from shunting of protein synthesis from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria via mortalin-mediated action. While data are scarce regarding their causative agents, arrhythmias have been frequently reported, albeit sublethal, during both Russian and American expeditions, with QT interval prolongation observed in long, but not short duration, spaceflight. Exposure of the heart to the proton and heavy ion radiation of deep space has also been shown to result in coronary artery degeneration, aortic stiffness, carotid intima thickening via collagen-mediated action, accelerated atherosclerosis, and induction of a pro-inflammatory state. Upon return, long-term spaceflight frequently results in orthostatic intolerance and altered sympathetic responses, which can prove hazardous should any rapid mobilization or evacuation be required, and indicates that these cardiac risks should be especially monitored for future missions.
Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Felten-Barentsz Karin M , van Oorsouw Roel , Klooster Emily , Koenders Niek , Driehuis Femke , Hulzebos Erik H J , van der Schaaf Marike , Hoogeboom Thomas J , van der Wees Philip J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly evolving and has led to increased numbers of hospitalizations worldwide. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience a variety of symptoms, including fever, muscle pain, tiredness, cough, and difficulty breathing. Elderly people and those with underlying health conditions are considered to be more at risk of developing severe symptoms and have a higher risk of physical deconditioning during their hospital stay. Physical therapists have an important role in supporting hospitalized patients with COVID-19 but also need to be aware of challenges when treating these patients. In line with international initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands.

Methods
A pragmatic approach was used. A working group conducted a purposive scan of the literature and drafted initial recommendations based on the knowledge of symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and current practice for physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with lung disease and patients admitted to the intensive care unit. An expert group of hospital-based physical therapists in the Netherlands provided feedback on the recommendations, which were finalized when consensus was reached among the members of the working group.

Results
The recommendations include safety recommendations, treatment recommendations, discharge recommendations, and staffing recommendations. Treatment recommendations address 2 phases of hospitalization: when patients are critically ill and admitted to the intensive care unit, and when patients are severely ill and admitted to the COVID ward. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. Respiratory support includes breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, airway clearance techniques, and respiratory muscle strength training. Recommendations toward active mobilization include bed mobility activities, active range-of-motion exercises, active (assisted) limb exercises, activities-of-daily-living training, transfer training, cycle ergometer, pre-gait exercises, and ambulation.
RADIATION DOSES TO THE EYE LENS AND FOREHEAD OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGISTS: HOW HIGH AND ON WHAT GROUNDS?
Authors: Psarras M , Ploussi A , Carinou E , Brountzos E , Spiliopoulos S C , Palialexis K , Kelekis A , Filippiadis D , Seimenis I , Efstathopoulos E P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to measure and evaluate the radiation dose to the eye lens and forehead of interventional radiologists (IRs). The study included 96 procedures (lower-limb percutaneous transluminal angioplasties, embolisations/chemoembolisations and vertebroplasties) performed by 6 IRs. A set of seven thermoluminescence dosemeters was allocated to each physician. The highest dose per procedure was found for the left eye lens of the primary operator in vertebroplasties (1576 μSv). Left and right eye doses were linearly correlated to left and right forehead doses, respectively. A workload-based estimation of the annual dose to participating IRs revealed that the occupational dose limit for the eye lens can be easily exceeded. The left eye dose of ΙRs must be routinely monitored on a personalised basis. Τhe left eye dose measurement provides a reliable assessment of the ipsilateral forehead dose, along with valid estimations for the right eye and right forehead doses.
Individual Variation in Functional Brain Network Topography is Linked to Schizophrenia Symptomatology
Authors: Nawaz Uzma , Lee Ivy , Beermann Adam , Eack Shaun , Keshavan Matcheri , Brady Roscoe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) demonstrates that the brain is organized into distributed networks. Numerous studies have examined links between psychiatric symptomatology and network functional connectivity. Traditional rsfMRI analyses assume that the spatial organization of networks is invariant between individuals. This dogma has recently been overturned by the demonstration that networks show significant variation between individuals. We tested the hypothesis that previously observed relationships between schizophrenia-negative symptom severity and network connectivity are actually due to individual differences in network spatial organization. Forty-four participants diagnosed with schizophrenia underwent rsfMRI scans and clinical assessments. A multivariate pattern analysis determined how whole-brain functional connectivity correlates with negative symptom severity at the individual voxel level. Brain connectivity to a region of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex correlates with negative symptom severity. This finding results from individual differences in the topographic distribution of 2 networks: the default mode network (DMN) and the task-positive network (TPN). Both networks demonstrate strong (r = ~0.49) and significant (P &lt; .001) relationships between topography and symptom severity. For individuals with low symptom severity, this critical region is part of the DMN. In highly symptomatic individuals, this region is part of the TPN. Previously overlooked individual variation in brain organization is tightly linked to differences in schizophrenia symptom severity. Recognizing critical links between network topography and pathological symptomology may identify key circuits that underlie cognitive and behavioral phenotypes. Individual variation in network topography likely guides different responses to clinical interventions that rely on anatomical targeting (eg, transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS]).
Enhancing Psychosis Risk Prediction Through Computational Cognitive Neuroscience
Authors: Gold James M , Corlett Philip R , Strauss Gregory P , Schiffman Jason , Ellman Lauren M , Walker Elaine F , Powers Albert R , Woods Scott W , Waltz James A , Silverstein Steven M , Mittal Vijay A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Research suggests that early identification and intervention with individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis may be able to improve the course of illness. The first generation of studies suggested that the identification of CHR through the use of specialized interviews evaluating attenuated psychosis symptoms is a promising strategy for exploring mechanisms associated with illness progression, etiology, and identifying new treatment targets. The next generation of research on psychosis risk must address two major limitations: (1) interview methods have limited specificity, as recent estimates indicate that only 15%–30% of individuals identified as CHR convert to psychosis and (2) the expertise needed to make CHR diagnosis is only accessible in a handful of academic centers. Here, we introduce a new approach to CHR assessment that has the potential to increase accessibility and positive predictive value. Recent advances in clinical and computational cognitive neuroscience have generated new behavioral measures that assay the cognitive mechanisms and neural systems that underlie the positive, negative, and disorganization symptoms that are characteristic of psychotic disorders. We hypothesize that measures tied to symptom generation will lead to enhanced sensitivity and specificity relative to interview methods and the cognitive intermediate phenotype measures that have been studied to date that are typically indicators of trait vulnerability and, therefore, have a high false positive rate for conversion to psychosis. These new behavioral measures have the potential to be implemented on the internet and at minimal expense, thereby increasing accessibility of assessments.
Undocumented, not Unengaged: Local Immigration Laws and the Shaping of Undocumented Mexicans’ Political Engagement
Authors: García Angela S 
Published: June 2020

Abstractcholars have long demonstrated that laws convey messages to people about how government views them and that these messages impact targeted groups’ political behavior. Drawing from this insight, this study asks if and how local immigration laws shape the political lives of undocumented Mexican immigrants in US cities. The article advances a tripartite theory of political engagement to demonstrate that the design of local immigration measures impacts the political socialization, political efficacy, and political participation of immigrant communities on the ground. This multidimensional model contributes a more holistic account of undocumented immigrants’ political engagement than is available in the existing literature. With a matched case comparison of undocumented life in cities with divergent immigration laws, the article shows that local opportunity structures embedded within receiving locales profoundly influence the nature of political engagement for undocumented residents.
The Saint as Medicator: Medicine and the Miraculous in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Italy
Authors: Kuuliala Jenni 
Published: June 2020

Summary
This article discusses the interlinkage of medicine and the miraculous in the healing actions of living saints, based on the canonisation dossiers of St Francesca Romana (1440–53) and St Francesco di Paola (1512–17). These documents include a large number of miracles performed by saints during their lifetime, and in a large proportion of these cases, the holy person administered some kind of medical substance to an infirm devotee before or while performing the miracle. While the commissioners of canonisation inquests had to determine that the cure was of a miraculous origin, it appears that for the devotees the medical and miraculous acts were an inseparable part of the same continuum. Occasional conflicts arose with medical professionals, but the living saints also collaborated with them. The connection of a medicating saint and a miracle-performing saint is thus an essential aspect of the medical pluralism of late medieval and early modern societies.
Standardization and adaptability for dissemination of telephone peer support for high-risk groups: general evaluation and lessons learned
Authors: Evans Megan , Tang Patrick Y , Bhushan Nivedita , Fisher Edwin B , Dreyer Valovcin Dawn , Castellano Cherie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Beyond demonstrated effectiveness, research needs to identify how peer support can be implemented in real-world settings. Telephone peer support offers one approach to this. The purpose of this study is to evaluate telephone peer support provided by trained peer staff for high-risk groups, implemented according to key tasks or functions of the Reciprocal Peer Support model (RPS) providing both standardization and adaptability. The methods used in the study include the review of contact data for years 2015–2016 from telephone peer support services of Rutgers Health University Behavioral Health Care, serving veterans, police, mothers of children with special needs, and child protection workers; structured interviews with peer supporters and clients; and audit of case notes. Across 2015–2016, peer supporters made 64,786 contacts with a total of 5,616 callers. Adaptability was apparent in 22% of callers’ relationships lasting ≤1 month and 43% ≥1 year, voicemails valued as communicating presence, 92% of callers receiving support with psychosocial issues, 65% with concrete problems, such as medical or other services, 88% receiving social support, and 88% either resolving an issue (e.g., finding employment) or making documented progress (e.g., getting professional treatment, insurance, or children’s services). With the balance of standardization and adaptability provided by the RPS, telephone peer support can address diverse needs and provide diverse contact patterns, assistance, support, and benefits.
The Comparison of Hemoglobin Values Measured by Blood and Continuous Non-Invasive Monitoring (SpHb) in Newborn Infants
Authors: Kazanasmaz Halil , Demir Mahmut 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Hemoglobin (Hb) measurement is one of the most commonly used laboratory tests in medical practice. Unnecessary blood sampling, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), contributes to iatrogenic anemia. Continuous non-invasive monitoring of total Hb (SpHb) was compared with invasive venous blood samples (tHb) in NICU patients.

Methods
Three hundred and ten patients were identified in NICU. Non-invasive Hb measurement was performed immediately before venous blood sampling and comparison of invasive with non-invasive values was undertaken.

Results
There was a strongly positive correlation between SpHb and tHb (r = 0.965, p &lt; 0.001). Bland–Altman analysis was performed in 95% limits of agreement for Hb values measured by both methods. The mean bias between tHb and SpHb measurements was 0.05 g/dl (−1.85 to 1.96). In Passing–Bablok regression analysis, the CUSUM test p value was found to be 0.98 for Hb levels measured by SpHb and tHb; and the difference between the methods was not significant.

Conclusion
In newborns, SpHb method offers reliable Hb values, which are comparable with the more traditional tHb method. Continuous non-invasive monitoring of total Hb may help prevent unnecessary blood sampling and iatrogenic anemia. Further clinical studies are required for the effectiveness of the method in critically ill patients with circulatory disorders.
Reweighting Oranges to Apples: Transported RE-LY Trial Versus Nonexperimental Effect Estimates of Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Webster-Clark Michael , Lund Jennifer L. , Stürmer Til , Poole Charles , Simpson Ross J. , Edwards Jessie K. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Results from trials and nonexperimental studies are often directly compared, with little attention paid to differences between study populations. When target and trial population data are available, accounting for these differences through transporting trial results to target populations of interest provides useful perspective. We aimed to compare two-year risk differences (RDs) for ischemic stroke, mortality, and gastrointestinal bleeding in older adults with atrial fibrillation initiating dabigatran and warfarin when using trial transport methods versus nonexperimental methods.

Methods:
We identified Medicare beneficiaries who initiated warfarin or dabigatran from a 20% nationwide sample. To transport treatment effects observed in the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulation trial, we applied inverse odds weights to standardize estimates to two Medicare target populations of interest, initiators of: (1) dabigatran and (2) warfarin. Separately, we conducted a nonexperimental study in the Medicare populations using standardized morbidity ratio weighting to control measured confounding.

Results:
Comparing dabigatran to warfarin, estimated two-year RDs for ischemic stroke were similar with trial transport and nonexperimental methods. However, two-year mortality RDs were closer to the null when using trial transport versus nonexperimental methods for the dabigatran target population (transported RD: −0.57%; nonexperimental RD: −1.9%). Estimated gastrointestinal bleeding RDs from trial transport (dabigatran initiator RD: 1.8%; warfarin initiator RD: 1.9%) appeared more harmful than nonexperimental results (dabigatran initiator RD: 0.14%; warfarin initiator RD: 0.57%).

Conclusions:
Differences in study populations can and should be considered quantitatively to ensure results are relevant to populations of interest, particularly when comparing trial with nonexperimental findings. See video abstract: http://links.lww.com/EDE/B703.
Validation of the Chinese version of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score (POP-SS)
Authors: Ma Yidi , Xu Tao , Zhang Ye , Kang Jia , Ma Congcong , Zhu Lan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of the present study was to translate the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score (POP-SS) into Chinese and validate it in a population of Chinese women.

Methods:
The POP-SS questionnaire was translated into simplified Chinese language following an intercultural adaptation procedure. One hundred forty-six patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Among the enrolled patients, 63 underwent surgery for POP and 50 underwent pessary management. They completed the questionnaires at baseline (T1), 1 to 2 weeks later (T2), and 3 months after intervention (T3). Evaluation for psychometric properties was conducted following with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, content validity, criterion validity, construct validity, responsiveness, and interpretability.

Results:
The POP-SS was successfully translated into a Chinese version and achieved good content validity. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.796) was good, and test-retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.98; P < 0.001). The construct validity was verified by factor analysis and consistent with the theoretical structure of the original questionnaire. The POP-SS score was also significantly correlated with Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.89, P < 0.001). The confirmatory factor analysis identified two factors: physical symptoms and evacuation symptoms. The mean changes among the participants in very much better (9.80 ± 5.36) and much better (5.67 ± 2.99) groups were larger than those among the participants in the no change group (0.43 ± 2.07). The effect size responsiveness parameter in the much better group (>0.80) was larger than that in the no change group (<0.20). The values of the minimal important change for surgery and pessary groups were both larger than the smallest detectable change, indicating sufficient responsiveness.

Conclusions:
The Chinese version of POP-SS is a reliable and valid instrument and has good sensitivity to change in the population studied.