bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Recruitment of Domain-General Neural Networks in Language Processing Following Intensive Language-Action Therapy: fMRI Evidence From People With Chronic Aphasia
Authors: Dreyer Felix R. , Doppelbauer Lea , Büscher Verena , Arndt Verena , Stahl Benjamin , Lucchese Guglielmo , Hauk Olaf , Mohr Bettina , Pulvermüller Friedemann 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This study aimed to provide novel insights into the neural correlates of language improvement following intensive language-action therapy (ILAT; also known as constraint-induced aphasia therapy).

Method
Sixteen people with chronic aphasia underwent clinical aphasia assessment (Aachen Aphasia Test [AAT]), as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), both administered before (T1) and after ILAT (T2). The fMRI task included passive reading of single written words, with hashmark strings as visual baseline.

Results
Behavioral results indicated significant improvements of AAT scores across therapy, and fMRI results showed T2–T1 blood oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal change in the left precuneus to be modulated by the degree of AAT score increase. Subsequent region-of-interest analysis of this precuneus cluster confirmed a positive correlation of T2–T1 BOLD signal change and improvement on the clinical aphasia test. Similarly, the entire default mode network revealed a positive correlation between T2–T1 BOLD signal change and clinical language improvement.

Conclusion
These results are consistent with a more efficient recruitment of domain-general neural networks in language processing, including those involved in attentional control, following aphasia therapy with ILAT.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12765755
Validity of the Multiple Auditory Processing Assessment–2: A Test of Auditory Processing Disorder
Authors: Schow Ronald L. , Whitaker Mary M. , Seikel J. Anthony , Brockett Jeff E. , Domitz Vieira Deborah M. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeA normative study using the Multiple Auditory Processing Assessment–2 (MAPA-2; Schow et al., 2018) was recently completed. With access to these data, the authors extend that work and support a definite construct for auditory processing disorder (APD). The goal here is to examine MAPA-2 reliability and validity (construct, content, and concurrent). Evidence for the APD construct is further buttressed by measures of sensitivity and specificity. Results of MAPA-2 testing on children diagnosed with learning disability (LD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and specific language impairment (SLI) are included.MethodNormative data (previously published as the MAPA-2) allowing derivation of these findings included a representative sample of 748 children (53% girls) ages 7–14 years tested by 54 speech-language pathologists and audiologists in 27 U.S. states. The authors examined diagnostic accuracy based on the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2005) criteria (index test) for confirmed cases of APD. The index was also used to identify listening problems for three other diagnostic categories (LD, ADHD, and SLI). Validated questionnaire responses from parents and school personnel allowed incorporation of functional measures widely supported in APD diagnosis but unavailable with other normative and sensitivity/specificity studies.ResultsReliability and validity were both satisfactory, and diagnostic accuracy for an APD group of 18 (28% female) compared to the remaining typical group of 625 yielded 89% sensitivity and 82% specificity. The remaining three groups (LD, ADHD, and SLI), where comorbidity was expected to be about 50%, had APD-type listening problems with a prevalence ranging from 52% to 65%.ConclusionsCurrent results provide important evidence for the construct of APD. The MAPA-2 can be administered by an audiologist or speech-language pathologist. A similar diagnostic protocol in Australia yielded positive therapeutic gains. Further study is encouraged to determine if the present positive findings will be found in future research.
SUPER
Authors: Kakkad D. , Mainieri V. , Vietri G. , Carniani S. , Harrison C. M. , Perna M. , Scholtz J. , Circosta C. , Cresci G. , Husemann B. , Bischetti M. , Feruglio C. , Fiore F. , Marconi A. , Padovani P. , Brusa M. , Cicone C. , Comastri A. , Lanzuisi G. , Mannucci F. , Menci N. , Netzer H. , Piconcelli E. , Puglisi A. , Salvato M. , Schramm M. , Silverman J. , Vignali C. , Zamorani G. , Zappacosta L. 
Published: August 2020

Aims.The SINFONI survey for Unveiling the Physics and Effect of Radiative feedback (SUPER) aims to trace and characterise ionised gas outflows and their impact on star formation in a statistical sample of X-ray selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) atz ∼ 2. We present the first SINFONI results for a sample of 21 Type 1 AGN spanning a wide range in bolometric luminosity (logLbol= 45.4–47.9 erg s−1). The main aims of this paper are to determine the extension of the ionised gas, characterise the occurrence of AGN-driven outflows, and link the properties of such outflows with those of the AGN.Methods.We used adaptive optics-assisted SINFONI observations to trace ionised gas in the extended narrow line region using the [O III]λ5007 line. We classified a target as hosting an outflow if its non-parametric velocity of the [O III] line,w80, was larger than 600 km s−1. We studied the presence of extended emission using dedicated point-spread function (PSF) observations, after modelling the PSF from the Balmer lines originating from the broad line region.Results.We detect outflows in all the Type 1 AGN sample based on thew80value from the integrated spectrum, which is in the range ∼650–2700 km s−1. There is a clear positive correlation betweenw80and the AGN bolometric luminosity (> 99% correlation probability), and the black hole mass (98% correlation probability). A comparison of the PSF and the [O III] radial profile shows that the [O III] emission is spatially resolved for ∼35% of the Type 1 sample and the outflows show an extension up to ∼6 kpc. The relation between maximum velocity and the bolometric luminosity is consistent with model predictions for shocks from an AGN-driven outflow. The escape fraction of the outflowing gas increases with the AGN luminosity, although for most galaxies, this fraction is less than 10%.
Spectroscopic characterization of the known O-star population in Cygnus OB2
Authors: Berlanas S. R. , Herrero A. , Comerón F. , Simón-Díaz S. , Lennon D. J. , Pasquali A. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Sota A. , Pellerín A. 
Published: August 2020

Context.Cygnus OB2 provides a unique insight into the high-mass stellar content in one of the largest groups of young massive stars in our Galaxy. Although several studies of its massive population have been carried out over the last decades, an extensive spectroscopic study of the whole known O-star population in the association is still lacking.Aims.We aim to carry out a spectroscopic characterization of all the currently known O stars in Cygnus OB2, determining the distribution of rotational velocities and accurate stellar parameters to obtain an improved view of the evolutionary status of the region.Methods.Based on existing and new optical spectroscopy, we performed a detailed quantitative spectroscopic analysis of all the known O-type stars identified in the association. For this purpose, we used the user-friendlyiacob-broadandiacob-gbatautomatized tools, FASTWIND stellar models, and astrometry provided by theGaiasecond data release.Results.We created the most complete spectroscopic census of O stars carried out so far in Cygnus OB2 using already existing and new spectroscopy. We present the spectra for 78 O-type stars, from which we identify new binary systems, obtain the distribution of rotational velocities, and determine the main stellar parameters for all the stars in the region that have not been detected as double-line spectroscopic binaries. We also derive radii, luminosities, and masses for those stars with reliableGaiaastrometry, in addition to creating the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram to interpret the evolutionary status of the association. Finally, we inspect the dynamical state of the population and identify runaway candidates.Conclusions.Our spectroscopic analysis of the O-star population in Cygnus OB2 has led to the discovery of two new binary systems and the determination of the main stellar parameters, including rotational velocities, luminosities, masses, and radii for all identified stars. This work has shown the improvement reached when using accurate spectroscopic parameters and astrometry for the interpretation of the evolutionary status of a population, revealing, in the case of Cygnus OB2, at least two star-forming bursts at ~3 and ~5 Myr. We find an apparent deficit of very fast rotators in the distribution of rotational velocities. The inspection of the dynamical distribution of the sample has allowed us to identify nine O stars with peculiar proper motions and discuss a possible dynamical ejection scenario or past supernova explosions in the region.
Kontrafaktische Darstellung des Hirntod-Konzepts
Authors: Beckmann Rainer 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas „Konzept des Hirntodes“ wurde nicht in Europa zwischen 1952 und 1960 entwickelt, wie von Dag Moskopp in einem Aufsatz (Nervenheilkunde 2017; 36: 423–432) dargestellt 16. Bis 1960 wurde lediglich der Begriff „Hirntod“ etabliert. Das „Konzept des Hirntodes“ beruht hingegen auf einer Gleichsetzung von „Hirntod“ und „Tod des Menschen“ und wurde erst danach in Zusammenhang mit dem Interesse an der Gewinnung „lebensfrischer“ Organe für Transplantationszwecke propagiert. Maßgeblich geprägt wurde das „Konzept des Hirntodes“ von dem Bericht des Harvard Ad-hoc-Comittees 1968.
Nicht transplantierte Spenderorgane – eine bundesweite Auswertung aller Organangebote für die Lebertransplantation von 2010 bis 2018
Authors: Moosburner Simon , Raschzok Nathanael , Schleicher Christina , Bösebeck Detlef , Gaßner Joseph M.G.V. , Ritschl Paul V. , Rahmel Axel , Sauer Igor M. , Pratschke Johann 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Der Mangel an Spenderorganen für die Lebertransplantation limitiert die Verfügbarkeit dieser lebensrettenden Therapieoption in Deutschland. Die Qualität der potenziell verfügbaren Spenderorgane wurde bislang nicht bundesweit untersucht.Methoden Analyse aller durch die Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation an Eurotransplant gemeldeten Spenderorgane für die Lebertransplantation im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2018. Kategorisierung transplantierter und nicht transplantierter Organe anhand der histopathologischen Befunde und definierten erweiterten Spenderkriterien.Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 8594 Spenderorgane für die Lebertransplantation gemeldet, wovon 15,2 % nicht transplantiert wurden. Im Untersuchungszeitraum stieg der Anteil von Spenderlebern, die mindestens ein erweitertes Spenderkriterium aufwiesen, von 65 % auf 70 % (p = 0,005). Im Jahr 2018 wurden 21 % der gemeldeten Spenderlebern nicht transplantiert; dabei erfüllte über die Hälfte (56 %) mehrere erweiterte Spenderkriterien. Nicht transplantierte Organe stammten signifikant häufiger von Spendern älter als 65 Jahre (41 % vs. 28 %) mit einem BMI > 30 kg/m2 (29 vs. 14 %) und mit erhöhten Leberenzymen (alle p < 0,001).Schlussfolgerung Trotz des bestehenden Organmangels in Deutschland wird ein relevanter Anteil der angebotenen Spenderlebern aufgrund unterschiedlicher Qualitätseinschränkungen nicht transplantiert. Dies gibt Anreiz, Konzepte wie z. B. die normotherme Ex-vivo-Maschinenperfusion zur Evaluation, Sicherung und potenziell Verbesserung der Organqualität in den Vordergrund zu rücken.
A Case of Foramen Magnum and C1–C2 Meningiomas: Double Challenge, One Approach
Authors: Toccaceli Giada , Altieri Roberto , Certo Francesco , Barbagallo Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives We present a challenging case of a 61-year-old male patient with a double meningioma. The first one was located on the right side of foramen magnum and the second one was located on left anterolateral side of C1–C2.
Background Patient referred at our institution for a progressive spastic paraparesis from approximately 1 year with a recent onset of numbness in right hand. Neuroradiological imaging showed an extra-axial enhancing tumor with a dural tail on the right border of foramen magnum and another contralateral extra-axial enhancing lesion at C1–C2 level (Fig. 1).
Results We have chosen a park bench position. Neurophysiological monitoring was used during both positioning and surgery. A linear skin incision in the occipital region extended to C7 was performed and a suboccipital craniotomy with the laminectomy of C1–C3 was performed (Fig. 2). Videofluroangiography was performed to the best visualization of the vertebral artery position during microsurgical dissection and exposure of craniovertebral junction region. An Y-shape dural opening was executed and two meningiomas was resected with the classical four D steps (devascularize, detach, debulking, and dissect). All anatomical structures were respected and there were no changes at neuromonitoring. Patient was discharged after 10 days in good neurological condition.
Conclusion a single approach for multiple meningiomas of the craniovertebral junction and upper cervical spine region is feasible and effective. Videofluoroangiography as a way to achieve better visualization and control of the vertebral artery, and neurophysiological monitoring are crucial tools to reduce the morbidity of this surgical challenge.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/4w9HCfQZkgg.
Evolution of Care of Orbital Tumors with Radiation Therapy
Authors: Ioakeim-Ioannidou Myrsini , MacDonald Shannon M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrbital tumors are rare lesions comprising 0.1% of all tumors and less than 20% of all ocular diseases. These lesions in children and adults differ significantly in their incidence, tumor type, and treatment management. Although surgery and systemic therapies are commonly used in the management of these diseases, radiation therapy has become a widely used treatment for both benign and malignant tumors of the orbit. Radiotherapy is used as a definitive treatment to provide local control while avoiding morbidity associated with surgery for some tumors while it is used as an adjuvant treatment following surgical resection for others. For many tumors, radiation provides excellent tumor control with preservation of visual function. This article is dedicated for presenting the most common applications of orbital radiotherapy. A brief overview of the commonly available radiation therapy modalities is given. Dose constraint goals are reviewed and acute and long-term side effects are discussed. Orbital tumors covered in this article include optic glioma, ocular melanoma, retinoblastoma, orbital rhabdomyosarcoma, orbital lymphoma, and lacrimal gland tumors. Background information, indications for radiotherapy, and goals of treatment for each case example are described.
Orbital Schwannoma
Authors: Chaskes Mark B. , Rabinowitz Mindy R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrbital schwannomas are rare neoplasms of the orbit. The presenting symptoms are often nonspecific. Classic imaging characteristics seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and orbital ultrasound can be useful to help aid in the diagnosis of orbital schwannoma. When diagnosed, the goal of treatment is complete surgical excision. The location of the tumor within the orbit dictates which surgical approach would provide the best exposure. When complete excision is achieved, recurrence rates are very low.This article addresses the etiology, patient population, presentation, natural history, and differential diagnosis of orbital schwannomas. Imaging characteristics and histopathologic subtypes are reviewed. Treatment goals, approaches, and specialties involved in the management of these patients is discussed. Finally, a representative case is presented.
Isokinetic Evaluation of Knee Strength and Endurance in Hemodialysis Patients Treated with the Transpatellar Tunnel Technique for Bilateral Spontaneous Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Birişik Fevzi , Ekinci Mehmet , Bayram Serkan , Şahinkaya Türker , Ergin Ömer Naci , Erşen Ali , Aşık Mehmet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere are numerous surgical techniques described for treating acute quadriceps tendon rupture. We aim to evaluate the strength of the quadriceps tendon using isokinetic tests in hemodialysis patients treated with the transpatellar tunnel technique for bilateral spontaneous quadriceps tendon ruptures. Additionally, functional and clinical results were investigated and compared with hemodialysis patients without a history of quadriceps tendon rupture. We retrospectively reviewed hemodialysis patients diagnosed with quadriceps tendon rupture who were operated between 2005 and 2015 at our institution. Eight patients with simultaneous bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture treated with the transpatellar tunnel technique (group 1; the operated group) and 10 patients with chronic renal failure without a history of quadriceps tendon rupture who underwent hemodialysis (group 2; the control group) were included in this study. The active range of motion (ROM), Lysholm and Tegner scores, knee flexor and extensor muscle strengths, and endurances were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer for each group and compared between the groups. The mean age was 44.6 and 40.2 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean follow-up was 58.6 (range, 24–140) months in group 1. The active ROM was 113.7 ± 9.7 degrees in group 1 and 130 ± 4.8 degrees in group 2 (p < 0.001). The mean Tegner score was not significantly different between the groups (1.87 ± 1.1 in group 1 vs. 2.6 ± 0.9 in group 2; p = 0.212). However, the Lysholm score was significantly higher in group 2 (93.2 ± 7.3 vs. 76.7 ± 13.8; p = 0.009). The mean extensor strength and endurance were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. The mean flexor strength and endurance were higher in group 1 than in group 2, but no significant difference was found. Although using the transpatellar tunnel technique for bilateral spontaneous quadriceps tendon ruptures in hemodialysis patients can provide acceptable functional results, the ROM and strength particularly in extensor muscle might be significantly lower than control group. Level of evidence is Level III therapeutic case–control study.
Anthropometric Comparison between Indian and Arabian Knees with Respect to Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Nair Vijayamohan Sreedharan , Radhamony Niranj Ganeshan , Padmalayam Arjun , Govindan Nijith O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImplants used for total knee replacement (TKR) in most Asian countries are not designed originally for the Asian population, and studies have shown anthropometric differences with respect to TKR among various ethnic groups. For this reason, implants designed for a specific population may not provide an anatomic fit when used in other populations. To avoid the consequences associated with such a misfit, the concept of ethnic-specific implant design is being introduced. In this study, the knee anthropometry of the Indian and Arabian patients was compared. They were operated with implants which were not ethnic-specific designs. Since the consequences associated with implant misfit apply equally to both the Indian and Arabian population, it is essential to compare the knee anthropometry of these two populations. Anthropometric measurements of the distal femur and proximal tibia of the Indian and Arabian knees were obtained intraoperatively using a Vernier caliper. Their respective aspect ratios (ARs) were calculated and statistically compared. It was found that the ARs of both tibia and femur of Indian and Arabian population did not show any statistical difference. There was no statistical difference between Indian and Arabian males (p = 0.345) and between Indian and Arabian females (p = 0.8210). However, a statistical difference in tibial AR (p-value = 0.049) and femoral AR (p-value = 0.003) was found significant when a comparison was made between the knees of Indian males and Indian females in the study. The above results suggested that TKR implants designed anatomically to suit the Indian population can also suit the Arabian population and vice versa. The obtained data can help implant designers to come up with ethnic-specific TKR implants.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Knee Arthroplasty in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Ding Benjamin Tze Keong , Ng Jensen , Tan Kelvin Guoping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) represents a paradigm shift in perioperative care, aimed at achieving early recovery for surgical patients, reducing length of hospital stay, and complications. The purpose of this study was to provide an insight of the impact of the COVID-19 on ERAS protocols for knee arthroplasty patients in a tertiary hospital and potential strategy changes for postpandemic practice. We retrospectively reviewed all cases that underwent surgery utilizing ERAS protocols in the quarter prior to the pandemic (fourth quarter of 2019) and during the first quarter of 2020 when the pandemic started. A review of the literature on ERAS protocols for knee arthroplasty during the COVID-19 pandemic was also performed and discussed. A total of 199 knee arthroplasties were performed in fourth quarter of 2019 as compared with 76 in the first quarter of 2020 during the COVID-19 outbreak. Patients who underwent surgery in the first quarter of 2020 had shorter inpatient stays (3.8 vs. 4.5 days), larger percentage of discharges by postoperative day 5 (86.8 vs. 74.9%), and a larger proportion of patients discharged to their own homes (68 vs. 54%). The overall complication rate (1.3 vs. 3%) and readmission within 30 days (2.6 vs. 2%) was similar between both groups. ERAS protocols appear to reduce hospital lengths of stay for patients undergoing knee arthroplasty without increasing the risk of short-term complications and readmissions. The beneficial effects of ERAS appear to be amplified by and are synchronous with the requirements of operating in the era of a pandemic.
Small regimes in the Middle East: a conceptual and theoretical alternative to small states in a non-Western region
Authors: Szalai Máté 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe concepts and theories of small state studies, a sub-discipline of international relations, have been connected to Western political development, making their applicability in regions outside of Europe questionable. Using the framework of the English School, the present article aims at identifying the main elements of small state theory which are needed to be altered to make it suitable for the Middle East and North Africa. Investigating the regional manifestation of main primary institutions which form the basis of the analysis of small states (namely statehood, sovereignty, conflict and cooperation), the research concludes that the leverage of Middle Eastern small states is highly different than it is expected by traditional small state studies, especially due to the regional norms related to statehood and conflict. Consequently, changing our conceptual framework of “small states” to “small regimes” would be also necessary to better interpret how such entities behave in the Middle East or other regions of the world.