bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BreakBRD Galaxies. I. Global Properties of Spiral Galaxies with Central Star Formation in Red Disks
Authors: Tuttle Sarah E. , Tonnesen Stephanie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We introduce a collection of primarily centrally star-forming galaxies that are selected by disk color to have truncated disk star formation. We show that common explanations for centrally concentrated star formation—low stellar mass, bars, and high-density environments—do not universally apply to this sample. To gain insight into our sample, we compare these galaxies to a parent sample of strongly star-forming galaxies and to a parent sample of galaxies with low specific star formation rates. We find that in star formation and color space from ultraviolet to the infrared these galaxies either fall between the two samples or agree more closely with galaxies with high specific star formation rates. Their morphological characteristics also lie between high and low specific star formation rate galaxies, although their Petrosian radii agree well with that of the low specific star formation rate parent sample. We discuss whether this sample is likely to be quenching or showing an unusual star formation distribution while continuing to grow through star formation. Future detailed studies of these galaxies will give us insights into how the local conditions within a galaxy balance environmental influence to govern the distribution of star formation. In this first paper in a series, we describe the global properties that identify this sample as separate from more average spiral galaxies, and we identify paths forward to explore the underlying causes of their differences.
Empirical Calibration of the Reddening Maps in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Górski Marek , Zgirski Bartłomiej , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Gieren Wolfgang , Wielgórski Piotr , Graczyk Dariusz , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Pilecki Bogumił , Narloch Weronika , Karczmarek Paulina , Suchomska Ksenia , Taormina Mónica 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present reddening maps of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), based on color measurements of the red clump. Reddening values of our maps were obtained by calculating the difference of the observed and intrinsic color of the red clump in both galaxies. To obtain the intrinsic color of the red clump, we used reddenings obtained from late-type eclipsing binary systems, measurements for blue supergiants and reddenings derived from Strömgren photometry of B-type stars. We obtained intrinsic color of the red clump (V − I)0 = 0.838 ± 0.034 mag in the LMC, and (V − I)0 = 0.814 ± 0.034 mag in the SMC. We prepared our map with 3′ resolution, covering the central part of the LMC and SMC. The mean value of the reddening is E(B − V)LMC = 0.127 mag and E(B − V)SMC = 0.084 mag for the LMC and SMC, respectively. The systematic uncertainty of the average reddening value assigned to each field of our maps is 0.013 mag for both Magellanic Clouds. Our reddening values are on average higher by 0.061 mag for the LMC and 0.054 mag for the SMC, compared with the maps of Haschke et al. We also compared our values with different types of reddening tracers. Cepheids, RR Lyrae stars, early-type eclipsing binaries, and other reddening estimations based on the red clump color on average show reddenings consistent with our map to within a few hundredths of magnitude.
Elemental Abundances in M31: A Comparative Analysis of Alpha and Iron Element Abundances in the the Outer Disk, Giant Stellar Stream, and Inner Halo of M31
Authors: Escala Ivanna , Gilbert Karoline M. , Kirby Evan N. , Wojno Jennifer , Cunningham Emily C. , Guhathakurta Puragra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We measured [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] using spectral synthesis of low-resolution stellar spectroscopy for 70 individual red-giant-branch stars across four fields spanning the outer disk, Giant Stellar Stream (GSS), and inner halo of M31. Fields at M31-centric projected distances of 23 kpc in the halo, 12 kpc in the halo, 22 kpc in the GSS, and 26 kpc in the outer disk are α-enhanced, with

[α/Fe]

= 0.43, 0.50, 0.41, and 0.58, respectively. The 23 and 12 kpc halo fields are relatively metal-poor, with

[Fe/H]

= −1.54 and −1.30, whereas the 22 kpc GSS and 26 kpc outer disk fields are relatively metal-rich with

[Fe/H]

= −0.84 and −0.92, respectively. For fields with substructure, we separated the stellar populations into kinematically hot stellar halo components and kinematically cold components. We did not find any evidence of a radial [α/Fe] gradient along the high surface brightness core of the GSS between ∼17 and 22 kpc. However, we found tentative suggestions of a negative radial [α/Fe] gradient in the stellar halo, which may indicate that different progenitor(s) or formation mechanisms contributed to the build up of the inner versus outer halo. Additionally, the [α/Fe] distribution of the metal-rich ([Fe/H] > −1.5), smooth inner stellar halo (rproj ≲ 26 kpc) is inconsistent with having formed from the disruption of a progenitor(s) similar to present-day M31 satellite galaxies. The 26 kpc outer disk is most likely associated with the extended disk of M31, where its high α-enhancement provides support for an episode of rapid star formation in M31's disk possibly induced by a major merger.
On the Possibility of GW190425 Being a Black Hole–Neutron Star Binary Merger
Authors: Kyutoku Koutarou , Fujibayashi Sho , Hayashi Kota , Kawaguchi Kyohei , Kiuchi Kenta , Shibata Masaru , Tanaka Masaomi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We argue that the kilonova/macronova associated with the gravitational-wave event GW190425 could have been bright enough to be detected if it was caused by the merger of a low-mass black hole (BH) and a neutron star (NS). Although tidal disruption occurs for such a low-mass BH is generally expected, the masses of the dynamical ejecta are limited to ≲10−3
M
⊙, which is consistent with previous work in the literature. The remnant disk could be as massive as 0.05–0.1 M
⊙, and the disk outflow of ∼0.01–0.03 M
⊙ is likely to be driven by viscous or magnetohydrodynamic effects. The disk outflow may not be neutron-rich enough to synthesize an abundance of lanthanide elements, even in the absence of strong neutrino emitter, if the ejection is driven on the viscous timescale of ≳0.3 s. If this is the case, the opacity of the disk outflow is kept moderate, and a kilonova/macronova at the distance of GW190425 reaches a detectable brightness of 20–21 mag at 1 day after merger for most viewing angles. If some disk activity ejects the mass within ∼0.1 s, instead, lanthanide-rich outflows would be launched and the detection of emission becomes challenging. Future possible detections of kilonovae/macronovae from GW190425-like systems will disfavor the prompt collapse of binary NSs and a non-disruptive low-mass BH–NS binary associated with a small NS radius, whose mass ejection is negligible. The host-galaxy distance will constrain the viewing angle and deliver further information about the mass ejection.
Outbreak investigation of septicemic salmonellosis in calves
Authors: Guizelini Carolina C , Tutija Juliane F , Morais Dayane R , Bacha Flávia B , Ramos Carlos A N , Leal Cássia R B , Zaquetti Maria E , Lemos Ricardo A A 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: An early and accurate diagnosis of septicemic salmonellosis is critical for implementing timely and proper treatment, prevention, and control measures.
Methodology: Here, we report a study on three outbreaks of septicemic salmonellosis in calves from Midwestern Brazil.
Results: the morbidity, mortality and lethality rates were of 10.55%, 2.79%, and 26.4%, respectively. Higher susceptibility was detected in Bos taurus than in Bos indicus cattle. Clinical manifestations consisted of apathy, hyperthermia, difficulty breathing and panting, and pallor of the mucous membranes. Chronic cases had necrosis of the tail tip and ears. Gross findings included enlarged liver, non-collapsed edematous lungs and diphtheritic enteritis. Significant histopathological changes included paratyphoid nodules in the liver and acute interstitial pneumonia. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Dublin was detected by culture and by PCR from the blood of live calves, and from the spleen, liver, bile, mesenteric lymph node and lung samples of necropsied calves.
Conclusions: We suggest that in clinical cases of septicemic salmonellosis, blood samples are better than fecal samples for detection of the agent, being a sound test to identify animal carriers in the herd.
Risk factors associated with poor clinical outcome in pyogenic spinal infections: 5-years’ intensive care experience
Authors: Milosevic Branko , Cevik Muge , Urosevic Aleksandar , Nikolic Natasa , Poluga Jasmina , Jovanovic Milica , Milosevic Ivana , Micic Jelena , Paglietti Bianca , Barac Aleksandra 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Management of pyogenic spinal infections (PSI) after the development of neurological deficit has not been specifically addressed in the literature. We aimed to describe real-life clinical outcomes of PSI in patients admitted to an intensive care unit with neurological deficit and identify factors associated with good prognosis.
Methodology: Consecutive patients admitted to ICU with a possible diagnosis of spinal infection over five years’ period were included. Descriptive statistics were performed to examine the demographics and clinical parameters.
Results: The majority (71%) of patients were male. The mean age was 57.4 years (27-79), and 71% were > 50 years old. At least one underlying risk factor was identified in 68% of the patients; the most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (DM). All patients have presented with fever accompanied by a neurological deficit (86%) and back pain (79%). A complete recovery was achieved in 25% of patients. However, the majority of patients had adverse outcomes with 21.4% mortality, and 43% remaining neurological sequelae. Increased age with a cut-off of 65 years and pre-existing DM were identified as being associated with poor outcome.
Conclusion: Mortality among patients admitted to ICU with PSI was significantly higher than reported in the literature. The residual neurological deficit was common, one-third of patients had remaining neurological sequelae, and only one-fourth had complete recovery. Increased age and background DM were the most important determinants of poor clinical outcome. The impact of DM appears to be much more important than currently recognised in this population.
Enfoque CTS e a atuação de professores de ciências
Authors: Dos Anjos Mirian Silva , Carbo Leandro 
Published: February 2020

Dada a importância da inter-relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), o presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender como essa abordagem tem sido empregada por professores de Ciências, do Ensino Fundamental. Foram selecionados seis professores a partir de determinados critérios. Dentro do nosso recorte os professores de unidades de ensino que não ofertassem o Ensino Fundamental II, que estivessem localizadas na zona rural (o que dificultaria o acesso, por questões financeiras) ou que fossem Centros de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (Ceja). No que se refere à forma de abordagem do problema, a pesquisa é qualitativa, de campo e de cunho descritivo. Utilizou-se o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e o procedimento tipológico. Realizaram-se observações em sala de aula, com o auxílio de um diário de campo para as devidas anotações. A análise das práticas pedagógicas, baseada nos moldes da Análise Textual Discursiva, foi realizada apenas com dois dos seis professores participantes, evitando, assim, possíveis repetições nas interpretações e/ou discussões das aulas observadas, considerando que todas as práticas pedagógicas verificadas apresentaram aproximações ou distanciamentos em relação à abordagem CTS. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as aplicações das relações CTS presentes nos currículos escolares são ainda ineficazes. Compreendendo a importância da formação inicial neste processo, especificamente na área de Ciências, pode-se apontar as Instituições de Ensino Superior como responsáveis pela inserção de questões relacionadas à ciência, à tecnologia e à sociedade nos currículos de formação inicial e continuada dos cursos que oferecem. Tais instituição devem estimular e oferecer condições aos professores para que busquem uma formação continuada.
TRIM25 Promotes TNF-α–Induced NF-κB Activation through Potentiating the K63-Linked Ubiquitination of TRAF2
Authors: Liu Yuchun , Liu Kunpeng , Huang Yingqi , Sun Meng , Tian Qingnan , Zhang Shoutao , Qin Yunfei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As an important effector in response to various intracellular or extracellular stimuli, the NF-κB family extensively participates in a wide spectrum of biological events, and its dysregulation may result in many pathological conditions, such as microbial infection, tumor progression, and neurodegenerative disorders. Previous investigations showed that multiple types of ubiquitination play critical roles in the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, yet the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. In the current study, we identified TRIM25, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a novel positive regulator in mediating NF-κB activation in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T), HeLa cells, THP-1 cells, and PBMCs. The expression of TRIM25 promoted TNF-α–induced NF-κB signaling, whereas the knockdown had the opposite effect. Furthermore, TRIM25 interacted with TRAF2 and enhanced the K63-linked polyubiquitin chains attached to TRAF2. Moreover, TRIM25 bridged the interaction of TRAF2 and TAK1 or IKKβ. To our knowledge, our study has identified a previously unrecognized role for TRIM25 in the regulation of NF-κB activation by enhancing the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF2.
Determinants of Hospital-based Physician Participation in Quality Improvement: A Survey of Hospitalists in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Yousefi Vandad , Asghari-Roodsari Alaleh , Evans Sarah , Chan Cynthia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to understand the extent of hospitalist involvement in system improvement efforts across the province of British Columbia in Canada and provide insights into determinants of such participation. Materials and Methods: We designed a web-based survey and asked about individual, programmatic, and institutional characteristics that may facilitate or impair hospitalist involvement in quality improvement (QI) activities. The survey was sent to all individuals who participated in “hospitalist care” from January 2014 to February 2015, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. We conducted both quantitative and qualitative analysis of responses. Results: We received 57 complete responses to the survey of 322 invited individuals (17.7% response rate). Of these, 15 individuals (26.3%) indicated that they had participated in QI initiatives. Respondents highlighted high clinical workload and lack of time, lack of QI skills and training, lack of access to performance data, poor support from hospital/health authority administration, and lack of financial compensation as main barriers to QI involvement. These themes were also supported in logistic regression, where QI training and the number of weeks worked as a hospitalist showed significant predictive properties for involvement in QI initiatives. Conclusion: Our study attempts to understand the various individual or organizational attributes that could facilitate involvement by hospital-based generalist physicians in QI activities. Our findings show lack of formal QI training is an important barrier for hospitalist involvement in QI, and highlight the need for formal training, dedicated time, support from physician leadership, and financial incentive as important facilitators for participation in systemic improvement efforts.
Socio-demographic and immunization characteristics of siblings of children with severe acute malnutrition attending paediatric nutrition clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria
Authors: Mado Sani M. , Alegbejo J.O. , Aliyu Ibrahim 
Published: February 2020

Introduction:
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a disease of the developing world. Poverty and famine have escalated its prevalence. In Nigeria, the Boko Haram menace has resulted in an upsurge of internally displaced persons in need of food and shelter. It is estimated that about 16 million children are affected by malnutrition worldwide and accounts for two million deaths worldwide annually. Evidence suggests incomplete vaccination predisposes to malnutrition and its unwanted sequelae. Anecdotal findings show that most siblings of children with SAM were incompletely vaccinated and hence are at risk of SAM. The study thus aimed at assessing their socio demographic characteristics and immunization to document their vulnerability to development of SAM.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of socio-demographic characteristics and immunization status of siblings of children with SAM being rehabilitated in the Paediatric nutrition clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika Zaria, between March 2009 and September 2014. The information was directly obtained from the mothers of the children as they presented to the clinic and then recorded into a structured questionnaire.

Results:
The socio-demographic characteristics of 229 parents and immunization status of siblings of children with SAM were reviewed. Most family settings were monogamous (54.2%) and the majority of the fathers were semi-skilled labourers (26.2%). Only 76 (33.2%) of the mothers had some form of formal education while 153 (66.8%) were not formally educated. The majority of the subjects received BCG vaccine but only 56% and 55.5% of the subjects completed their DPT3 and oral polio 3 vaccinations respectively.

Conclusion:
The study showed that fathers of siblings of children with SAM were semi-skilled labourers while their mothers were predominantly stay at home and not formally educated with limited source of income. Furthermore, BCG vaccination was the most commonly received vaccine and it is recommended that concerted effort should be made towards improving vaccine delivery among siblings of children with SAM. Adult literacy and empowerment of mothers may help achieve improved immunization of siblings of children with SAM.
Predictors of nonadherence to antihypertensive medications among stroke survivors in Benin City Nigeria
Authors: Odiase Francis E. , Ogbemudia Judith E. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Hypertension is the single most important modifiable risk factor for developing stroke and its recurrence. Evidence suggests that antihypertensive treatment rates following stroke remain poor worldwide and non-adherence to secondary preventive medication is a disturbing clinical problem associated with recurrence and poor outcomes.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of non-adherence to antihypertensive medications among stroke survivors 3 months after their stroke.

Materials and methods:
This was a cross-sectional study, involving stroke survivors attending the out-patient neurology clinic at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, 3 months after their stroke. Demographic and clinical characteristic were obtained, with a questionnaire, while medication adherence was measured by pill count method. In the final logistic regression analysis, the independent variables were age, gender, educational status, marital status, modified Rankin scale, polypharmacy, and types of stroke while medication non-adherence was the dependent variable.

Results:
One hundred and twelve stroke survivors participated. There were 58(51.8%) males and the mean age was 72(12) years. The non-adherence rate in this study was 57.1 %(64/112). The significant predictors of non-adherence to antihypertensive medications were the female gender (P = 0.009), severe disability (P = 0.003), the older participants (P = 0.004), and polypharmacy (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs following stroke was observed in our study, which would affect blood pressure control leading to stroke recurrence. To prevent recurrent strokes, stroke survivors must adhere to their antihypertensive drugs, while involving patient and family members in decision making with regards to treatment plans.
Parenting While in Training: A Comprehensive Needs Assessment of Residents and Fellows
Authors: Magudia Kirti , Ng Thomas S. C. , Bick Alexander G. , Koster Megan A. , Bay Camden , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Smith Stacy E. , Weinstein Debra F. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Parenting issues can affect physicians' choice of specialty or subspecialty, as well as their selection of individual training programs, because of the distinctive challenges facing residents and fellows with children. Specific information about how residents perceive these challenges is limited.

Objective
We sought to better understand the challenges associated with parenting during residency and fellowship training in order to inform policy and research.

Methods
In 2017, a voluntary online questionnaire was distributed to all 2214 Partners HealthCare graduate medical education trainees across 285 training programs. The survey queried attitudes of and about trainees with children and assessed needs and experiences related to parental leave, lactation, and childcare. Responses were compared between subgroups, including gender, surgical versus nonsurgical specialty, parental status, and whether the respondent was planning to become a parent.

Results
A total of 578 trainees (26%) responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 195 (34%) became parents during training. An additional 298 (52%) planned to become parents during training. Respondents overwhelmingly agreed that their institution should support trainees with children (95%) and that doing so is important for trainee wellness (98%). However, 25% felt that trainees with children burden trainees without children. Childcare access, affordability, and availability for sufficient hours were identified as key challenges, along with issues related to parental leave, lactation facilities, and effect on peers.

Conclusions
This survey highlights trainees' perspectives about parenting during their clinical training, signaling parental leave, lactation facilities, and childcare access and affordability as particular challenges and potential targets for future interventions.
The Impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution on the High-Tech Industry
Authors: Trento Sandro , Bannò Mariasole , D’Allura Giorgia M. 
Published: February 2020

The challenges of the 4th Industrial Revolution (I40) entail new business models to improve customer value creation. So far, academic investigation into I40 has been extensively focused on large enterprises, and only marginally on SMEs. The present paper aims to answer to the following four research questions: How do manufacturing SMEs perceive the I40 phenomenon? How do manufacturing SMEs innovate their business models because of I40? How do manufacturing SMEs behave with their suppliers because of I40? How do manufacturing SMEs behave with their customers because of I40?