bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintaining everyday life praxis in the time of COVID-19 pandemic measures (ELP-COVID-19 survey)
Authors: Pišot Saša , Milovanović Ivana , Šimunič Boštjan , Gentile Ambra , Bosnar Ksenija , Prot Franjo , Bianco Antonino , Lo Coco Gianluca , Bartoluci Sunčica , Katović Darko , Bakalár Peter , Kovalik Slančová Terézia , Tlučáková Lenka , Casals Cristina , Feka Kaltrina , Christogianni Aikaterini , Drid Patrik 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The extreme social circumstances caused by declared COVID-19 pandemic deeply intervene people’s everyday life and should not be neglected but seen through the view of social reality pinpointing the ‘ordinary’ people. In this article, authors explored basic segments of everyday and their subjective perception to what extent sleeping habits, physical inactivity, physical activity, nutritional habits and smoking have changed.

Methods
The online survey was conducted in nine European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo*, Italy, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain) in 4108 participants, aged 15–82 years. The survey took place 30–40 days after World Health Organization declared COVID-19 pandemic state, from 15 April to 3 May 2020.

Results
The results have shown 30 min longer sleeping time, 50% longer physical inactivity time, 65% longer screen time, 43% shorter walking time, 24% shorter sport time and 37% longer physical work time. Additionally, body mass gains (0.3 kg) could be explained in 20.6% with meals sizes, unhealthy food consumption, screen time and sport time. Further, respondents reported more regular meals (44%) and healthier meals with less alcohol consumption and less smoking, which have been positive outcomes of home confinement.

Conclusion
The findings draw attention to negative changes in everyday praxis (inactivity, body mass gain) after such a short period. Because of possible risk to population’s health (especially of countries such as Italy and Spain with serious threat and more stringent measures), findings enable development of recommendations for maintaining healthy lifestyle habits with minimal negative health consequences in similar pandemic circumstances.
Recovery of chromium, copper and vanadium combined with electricity generation in two-chambered microbial fuel cells
Authors: Aiyer Kartik S 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a promising solution towards recovery and treatment of heavy metal pollutants. In this study, two-chambered MFCs were employed for recovery of chromium, copper and vanadium (Cr (VI), Cu (II) and V (V)). One g/L concentrations of K2Cr2O7, CuCl2 and NaVO3 served as catholytes, while a mixed culture was used as anolyte. Cr (VI), Cu (II) and V (V) were reduced biologically into less toxic forms of Cr (III), Cu and V (IV) respectively. Power density and cathodic efficiency were calculated for each of the catholytes. Cr (VI) gave the maximum power density and cathodic efficiency due to its high redox potential. Current produced depended on the concentration of the catholyte. Over a period of time, biological reduction of catholytes lead to decrease in the metal concentrations, which demonstrated the application of MFC technology towards heavy metal treatment and recovery in a reasonably cost-effective manner.
Measuring Older Adult Loneliness Across Countries
Authors: Newmyer Lauren , Verdery Ashton M , Margolis Rachel , Pessin Léa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The topic of older adult loneliness commands increasing media and policy attention around the world. Are surveys of aging equipped to measure it? We assess the measurement of loneliness in large-scale aging studies in 31 countries by describing the available measures, testing correlations between them, and documenting their construct validity.

Methods
We use data from several “sister studies” of aging adults around the world. In each country, we document available loneliness measures, test for measurement reliability by examining correlations between different measures of loneliness, and assess how these correlations differ by gender and age group. We then evaluate construct validity by estimating correlations between loneliness measures and theoretically hypothesized constructs related to loneliness: living alone and not having a spouse.

Results
There is substantial heterogeneity in available measures of loneliness across countries. Within countries with multiple measures, the correlations between measures are high (range 0.384–0.777, median 0.636). Although we find several statistically significant differences in these correlations by gender and age, the differences are small (gender: range −0.098 to 0.081, median −0.026; age group: range −0.194 to 0.092, median −0.003). Correlations between loneliness measures and living alone and being without a spouse are all positive, almost universally statistically significant, and similar in magnitude across countries, supporting construct validity.

Discussion
This article establishes that even single-item measures of loneliness contribute meaningful information in diverse settings. Similar to the measurement of self-rated health, there are nuances to the measurement of older adult loneliness in different contexts, but it has reliable and consistent measurement properties within many countries.
The Interpersonal and Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 on Risk for Late-Life Suicide
Authors: Sheffler Julia L , Joiner Thomas E , Sachs-Ericsson Natalie J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOlder adults experience increased risk for suicide compared to the general population, and the circumstances surrounding the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may potentiate this risk. We discuss how current COVID-19 pandemic-related policies are likely to harm older adults disproportionately. COVID-19 pandemic social distancing policies and ethical guidelines for COVID-19 treatment may exacerbate experiences of social isolation, perceived expendability, and exposure to suffering, which are related to the 3 main components of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (i.e., thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness to society, and capability for suicide). The COVID-19 pandemic poses a drain on services and has drawn ethical debates about policies around treating younger adults first. These experiences may lead older adults to have reduced access to needed medical and psychiatric services and may convey damaging messages of expendability. Furthermore, the potential prolonged stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may affect neurological, immunological, and health functioning—exacerbating suicide risk. Potential venues to increase treatment options and decrease social isolation are discussed. We acknowledge optimistic effects as well, such as “pulling together” as a society and the many valuable ways older adults may contribute during this crisis.
Seafloor sediment thickness beneath the VoiLA broad-band ocean-bottom seismometer deployment in the Lesser Antilles from P-to-S delay times
Authors: Chichester Ben , Rychert Catherine , Harmon Nicholas , Allen Robert , Collier Jenny , Henstock Tim , Rietbrock Andreas 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYBroad-band ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) deployments present an opportunity to investigate the seafloor sediment thickness, which is important for constraining sediment deposition, and is also useful for subsequent seismological analyses. The Volatile Recycling in the Lesser Antilles (VoiLA) project deployed 34 OBSs over the island arc, fore- and backarc of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone for 15 months from 2016 to 2017. Using the amplitudes and delay times of P-to-S (Ps) scattered waves from the conversion of teleseismic earthquake Pwaves at the crust–sediment boundary and pre-existing relationships developed for Cascadia, we estimate sediment thickness beneath each OBS. The delay times of the Ps phases vary from 0.20 ± 0.06 to 3.55 ± 0.70 s, generally increasing from north to south. Using a single-sediment and single-crystalline crust earth model in each case, we satisfactorily model the observations of eight OBSs. At these stations we find sediment thicknesses range from 0.43 ± 0.45 to 5.49 ± 3.23 km. To match the observations of nine other OBSs, layered sediment and variable thickness crust is required in the earth model to account for wave interference effects on the observed arrivals. We perform an inversion with a two-layer sediment and a single-layer crystalline crust in these locations finding overall sediment thicknesses of 1.75 km (confidence region: 1.45–2.02 km) to 7.93 km (confidence region: 6.32–11.05 km), generally thinner than the initial estimates based on the pre-existing relationships. We find agreement between our modelled velocity structure and the velocity structure determined from the VoiLA active-source seismic refraction experiment at the three common locations. Using the Ps values and estimates from the VoiLA refraction experiment, we provide an adjusted relationship between delay time and sediment equations for the Lesser Antilles. Our new relationship is ${{H}} = {{1.42}}{{\rm d}}{{{t}}^{ {1.44}}}$ , where H is sediment thickness in kilometres and dt is mean observed Ps delay time in seconds, which may be of use in other subduction zone settings with thick seafloor sediments.
Review of Curie point depth determination through different spectral methods applied to magnetic data
Authors: Núñez Demarco P , Prezzi C , Sánchez Bettucci L 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYSpectral methods have been applied for more than 40 yr to calculate the depth to magnetic sources and the Curie point depth or Moho depth. Unfortunately, conceptual, theoretical and methodological errors, as well as, subjective approaches and lack of rigor in the application of the method are common. This has affected reproducibility, credibility and confidence in this method.We carried out a detailed mathematical and methodological revision of the spectral methods (centroid, spectral peak, forward and fractal methods) applied to magnetic data for the determination of the depth to magnetic sources. Moreover, a systematic analysis of more than 110 articles was done in order to compile and compare the different approaches and values of key parameters used by different authors in their calculations. We discuss difficulties, conditions and methodological procedures, as well as several misapplications and misinterpretation of the different methods.
Chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosyltransferase-1 knockout shows milder phenotype in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis than in wild type
Authors: Inada Rino , Miyamoto Katsuichi , Tanaka Noriko , Moriguchi Kota , Kadomatsu Kenji , Takeuchi Kosei , Igarashi Michihiro , Kusunoki Susumu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are one of the main components in the extracellular matrix of the central nervous system. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG), which is composed of major PGs. Similar to keratin sulfate (KS), another GAG, CS inhibits axon regeneration. However, the influence of these GAGs on the pathogenicity of neuroimmunological diseases is unclear. Here, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice lacking CS N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-1 (CSGalNAcT1-KO), an important enzyme for CS synthesis. In our study, CSGalNAcT1-KO mice showed milder EAE symptoms than those in wild-type (WT) mice. The recall response of antigen-specific lymphocytes showed that CSGalNAcT1-KO-derived lymphocytes had a milder cell proliferation response than that in WT-derived lymphocytes. These results suggest that CS contributes toward the induction phase of EAE. We previously performed EAE experiments in GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase KO (GlcNAc6ST-KO) and C6ST1-KO mice, which had reduced KS and reduced CS-C, respectively. EAE in CSGalNAcT1-KO mice was more similar to that in GlcNAc6ST-KO mice than in C6ST1-KO mice. In conclusion, the distinct GAG sugar chains are associated with severe or mild phenotypes of EAE and are therefore potential new therapeutic targets for neuroimmunological diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
A GlycoGene CRISPR-Cas9 lentiviral library to study lectin binding and human glycan biosynthesis pathways
Authors: Zhu Yuqi , Groth Theodore , Kelkar Anju , Zhou Yusen , Neelamegham Sriram 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Glycan biosynthesis on cell surface proteins and lipids is orchestrated by different classes of enzymes and proteins including the following: i. glycosyltransferases that add saccharides; ii. glycosidases that trim glycans; iii. conserved oligomeric golgi complex members that regulate intracellular transport; iv. enzymes aiding the biosynthesis of sugar–nucleotides; and v. sulfotransferases. This manuscript describes a pooled “glycoGene CRISPR” lentiviral library that targets 347 human genes involved in the above processes. Approximately 10 single-guide RNA (sgRNA) are included against each glycogene, with the putative editing site spanning the length of the target. A data analysis scheme is presented in order to determine glycosylation pathways regulating biological processes. As proof of principle, forward genetic screen results are presented to identify penetrating glycogenes that regulate the binding of P-/E-selectin, anti-sialyl Lewis-X monoclonal antibody HECA-452 and selected lectins (phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, vicia villosa lectin, peanut agglutinin) to HL-60 promyelocytic cells. Besides validating previously established biology, the study identifies three enzymes, PAPSS1, SLC35B2 and TPST2, as key molecules regulating sulfation of the major P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 in leukocytes. Approximately 80–90% of the sgRNA used in this study displayed high editing efficiency, and the CRISPR library picked up entire gene sets regulating specific biosynthetic pathways rather than only isolated genes. These data suggest that the glycoGene CRISPR library contains high-efficiency sgRNA. Further, this resource could be useful for the rapid screening of glycosylation-related genes and pathways that control lectin recognition in a variety of contexts.
Theories of Indigenous and non-Indigenous wellbeing in Australian health policies
Authors: Shakespeare Madison , Fisher Matthew , Mackean Tamara , Wilson Roland 
Published: August 2020

Summary
Governments in Australia and internationally show growing interest in wellbeing as a policy goal; however, such interests raise questions about the theories or definitions of wellbeing they will apply. Choices about how wellbeing is defined for policy purposes are likely to delimit the strategies applied. Wholly individualized conceptualizations of wellbeing may lead to policy focused narrowly on ‘improving’ individuals rather than on creating favourable social conditions. Also, Indigenous theories of wellbeing may have much to offer policy for public wellbeing, but little research has examined whether this potential is considered in contemporary health policy. We report on research examining Indigenous and non-Indigenous theories of wellbeing in a representative sample of current Australian health policy documents. We examine what theories or definitions of wellbeing are present, whether policies recognize social determinants of health; if ‘lifestyle drift’ is present; how Indigenous and non-Indigenous theories of wellbeing are positioned; and whether policies propose strategies consistent with their definitions of wellbeing. We discuss implications of current approaches for effective policy to promote Indigenous and non-Indigenous wellbeing.
Range-wide genetic assignment confirms long-distance oceanic migration in Atlantic salmon over half a century
Authors: Bradbury I R , Lehnert S J , Messmer A , Duffy S J , Verspoor E , Kess T , Gilbey J , Wennevik V , Robertson M , Chaput G , Sheehan T , Bentzen P , Dempson J B , Reddin D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations throughout the North Atlantic have declined in recent decades largely due to reduced marine survival, yet our understanding of marine distribution patterns and migratory routes remains limited. Here, we assigned archived individual samples (n = 3891) collected over a half century (1968–2018) throughout the North Atlantic to region of origin using range-wide genetic assignment. In the Northwest Atlantic, the distribution of assignments reinforced the importance of the Labrador Sea as an aggregation area, with 73% of all reporting groups detected. Moreover, individuals from six European reporting groups were identified in the Northwest Atlantic, and detections decreased with decreasing latitude spanning an area from Greenland to southern Newfoundland. In the Northeast Atlantic, six North American reporting groups were detected in samples from around the Faroe Islands. Based on the distribution of samples, estimates of trans-Atlantic migration distance averaged 3861 and 2889 km for North American and European salmon respectively. Our analysis highlights the widespread importance of the Labrador Sea and Faroe Islands to the species marine distribution patterns, and the prevalence of long-distance trans-Atlantic migration. Ultimately, the results suggest that environmental conditions experienced by many Atlantic salmon populations span much of the North Atlantic Ocean.
The theological value of autonomy
Authors: Zimran Adiel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Western liberalism is based on two different humanistic traditions: First, the biblical tradition of the Abrahamic religions, according to which man was created in the image of God; and, second, the tradition that developed in the age of Enlightenment, which claims man’s absolute independence of any heteronomous or transcendental being and views the very existence as a goal in and of itself. Each one of these two traditions restricts the autonomy of the individual in different ways, thus influencing the constitutional structure one of whose principal functions is to safeguard the autonomy of the citizens. This article deals with the theological value of autonomy. It analyzes the tension between the humanistic-anthropocentric worldview, which sanctifies human freedom, and the humanistic-theocentric way of thinking, which sees God as the source of all norms and holds that the freedom of man is limited by the divine imperative. Subsequently, the article presents three different models of understanding the relations between the will of God and the will of man, through an analysis of the exegesis of three Jewish thinkers on the stories of man’s creation in the image of God and the sin of the Primordial Man. These models represent three attitudes towards the theological value of autonomy. After having presented the different models, I shall compare them to each other and explicate the conceptual differences between them. To conclude, I shall further assess the contribution of these models to contemporary discourse on autonomy and liberty.
Lung transplant graft salvage using aortic homograft for bronchial dehiscence
Authors: Ram Duvuru , Mathew Geevarghese , Lewis Christopher , McWilliams Tanya , O’Carroll Mark , Lund Jens Teglgaard , Sibal Amul Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The use of aortic homograft in infective pathology is well described. Its use in the repair of post-transplant airway complications has been seldom reported. Herein, we report our experience with the successful use of aortic homograft in the management of post-transplant large airway complications in two patients.
Asymptotic Syzygies and Higher Order Embeddings
Authors: Agostini Daniele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show that vanishing of asymptotic $p$-th syzygies implies $p$-very ampleness for line bundles on arbitrary projective schemes. For smooth surfaces, we prove that the converse holds when $p$ is small, by studying the Bridgeland–King–Reid–Haiman correspondence for tautological bundles on the Hilbert scheme of points. This extends the previous results by Ein–Lazarsfeld and Ein–Lazarsfeld–Yang and gives a partial answer to some of their questions. As an application of our results, we show how to use syzygies to bound the irrationality of a variety.
Solutions ofϕ(n) =ϕ(n + k) andσ(n) =σ(n + k)
Authors: Ford Kevin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show that for some even $k\leqslant 3570$ and all$k$ with $442720643463713815200|k$, the equation $\phi (n)=\phi (n+k)$ has infinitely many solutions $n$, where $\phi $ is Euler’s totient function. We also show that for a positive proportion of all $k$, the equation $\sigma (n)=\sigma (n+k)$ has infinitely many solutions $n$. The proofs rely on recent progress on the prime $k$-tuples conjecture by Zhang, Maynard, Tao, and PolyMath.
School-Based Serosurveys to Assess the Validity of Using Routine Health Facility Data to Target Malaria Interventions in the Central Highlands of Madagascar
Authors: Steinhardt Laura C , Ravaoarisoa Elisabeth , Wiegand Ryan , Harimanana Aina , Hedje Judith , Cotte Annett H , Zigirumugabe Sixte , Kesteman Thomas , Rasoloharimanana Tsikiniaina L , Rakotomalala Emma , Randriamoramanana Anny M , Rakotondramanga Jean-Marius , Razanatsiorimalala Seheno , Mercereau-Puijalon Odile , Perraut Ronald , Ratsimbasoa Arsène , Butts Jessica , Rogier Christophe , Piola Patrice , Randrianarivelojosia Milijaona , Vigan-Womas Inès 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
In low-malaria–transmission areas of Madagascar, annual parasite incidence (API) from routine data has been used to target indoor residual spraying at subdistrict commune level. To assess validity of this approach, we conducted school-based serological surveys and health facility (HF) data quality assessments in 7 districts to compare API to gold-standard commune-level serological measures.

Methods
At 2 primary schools in each of 93 communes, 60 students were randomly selected with parents and teachers. Capillary blood was drawn for rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and serology. Multiplex bead-based immunoassays to detect antibodies to 5 Plasmodium falciparum antigens were conducted, and finite mixture models used to characterize seronegative and seropositive populations. Reversible catalytic models generated commune-level annual seroconversion rates (SCRs). HF register data were abstracted to assess completeness and accuracy.

Results
RDT positivity from 12 770 samples was 0.5%. Seroprevalence to tested antigens ranged from 17.9% (MSP-1) to 59.7% (PF13). Median commune-level SCR was 0.0108 (range, 0.001–0.075). Compared to SCRs, API identified 71% (95% confidence interval, 51%–87%) of the 30% highest-transmission communes; sensitivity declined at lower levels. Routine data accuracy did not substantially affect API performance.

Conclusions
API performs reasonably well at identifying higher-transmission communes but sensitivity declined at lower transmission levels.