bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral blood non-canonical small non-coding RNAs as novel biomarkers in lung cancer
Authors: Gu Wanjun , Shi Junchao , Liu Hui , Zhang Xudong , Zhou Jin J. , Li Musheng , Zhou Dandan , Li Rui , Lv Jingzhu , Wen Guoxia , Zhu Shanshan , Qi Ting , Li Wei , Wang Xiaojing , Wang Zhaohua , Zhu Hua , Zhou Changcheng , Knox Kenneth S. , Wang Ting , Chen Qi , Qian Zhongqing , Zhou Tong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One unmet challenge in lung cancer diagnosis is to accurately differentiate lung cancer from other lung diseases with similar clinical symptoms and radiological features, such as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). To identify reliable biomarkers for lung cancer screening, we leverage the recently discovered non-canonical small non-coding RNAs (i.e., tRNA-derived small RNAs [tsRNAs], rRNA-derived small RNAs [rsRNAs], and YRNA-derived small RNAs [ysRNAs]) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and develop a molecular signature composed of distinct ts/rs/ysRNAs (TRY-RNA). Our TRY-RNA signature precisely discriminates between control, lung cancer, and pulmonary TB subjects in both the discovery and validation cohorts and outperforms microRNA-based biomarkers, which bears the diagnostic potential for lung cancer screening.
A U-shaped association between the LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio and all-cause mortality in elderly hypertensive patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Yu , Li Minghui , Huang Xiao , Zhou Wei , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Ding Congcong , Tao Yu , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio is an excellent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, previous studies linking the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio to mortality have yielded inconsistent results and been limited by short follow-up periods. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio could be an effective predictor of all-cause mortality in elderly hypertensive patients.MethodsA total of 6941 hypertensive patients aged 65 years or older who were not treated with lipid-lowering drugs were selected from the Chinese Hypertension Registry for analysis. The endpoint of the study was all-cause mortality. The relationship between the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and all-cause mortality was determined using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, smoothing curve fitting (penalized spline method), subgroup analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 1.72 years, 157 all-cause deaths occurred. A U-shaped association was found between the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and all-cause mortality. Patients were divided according to the quintiles of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Compared to the reference group (Q3: 1.67–2.10), patients with both lower (Q1 and Q2) and higher (Q4 and Q5) LDL-C/HDL-C ratios had higher all-cause mortality (< 1.67: HR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.08–3.03; ≥2.10: HR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.18–3.39). Compared with the lower and higher LDL-C/HDL-C ratio groups, patients with LDL-C/HDL-C ratios of 1.67–2.10 had a significantly higher survival probability (log-rankP = 0.038).ConclusionsThe results suggest that there is a U-shaped association between the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and all-cause mortality. Both lower and higher LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were associated with increased all-cause mortality in elderly hypertensive patients.
Health-related quality of life in children with congenital heart disease aged 5 to 7 years: a multicentre controlled cross-sectional study
Authors: Abassi Hamouda , Huguet Helena , Picot Marie-Christine , Vincenti Marie , Guillaumont Sophie , Auer Annie , Werner Oscar , De La Villeon Gregoire , Lavastre Kathleen , Gavotto Arthur , Auquier Pascal , Amedro Pascal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the context of tremendous progress in congenital cardiology, more attention has been given to patient-related outcomes, especially in assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with congenital heart diseases (CHD). However, most studies have mainly focused on teenagers or adults and currently, few HRQoL controlled data is available in young children. This study aimed to evaluate HRQoL of children with CHD aged 5 to 7 y.o., in comparison with contemporary peers recruited in school, as well as the factors associated with HRQoL in this population.MethodsThis multicentre controlled prospective cross-sectional study included 124 children with a CHD (mean age = 6.0 ± 0.8 y, 45% female) during their outpatient visit and 125 controls (mean age = 6.2 ± 0.8 y, 54% female) recruited at school. A generic paediatric HRQoL instrument was used (PedsQL 4.0).ResultsSelf-reported HRQoL in children with CHD was similar to controls, overall (73.5 ± 1.2 vs. 72.8 ± 1.2, P = 0.7, respectively), and for each dimension. Parents-reported HRQoL was significantly lower in the CHD group than in controls. HRQoL was predicted by the disease severity and by repeated invasive cardiac procedures (surgery or catheterization).ConclusionHRQoL in young children with CHD aged 5 to 7 years old was good and similar to controls. This study contributed to the growing body of knowledge on HRQoL in congenital cardiology and emphasized the need for child and family support in the most complex CHD.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the institutional review board of Montpellier University Hospital (2019_IRB-MTP_02-19) on 22 February 2019 and was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03931096) on 30 April 2019,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03931096.
Anastomosis technique for pancreatojejunostomy and early removal of drainage tubes may reduce postoperative pancreatic fistula
Authors: Kawaida Hiromichi , Kono Hiroshi , Amemiya Hidetake , Hosomura Naohiro , Watanabe Mitsuaki , Saito Ryo , Nakata Yuuki , Shoda Katsutoshi , Shimizu Hiroki , Furuya Shinji , Akaike Hidenori , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Sudo Makoto , Matusda Masanori , Itakura Jun , Fujii Hideki , Ichikawa Daisuke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is one of the most serious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Various factors have been reported as POPF risks, but the most serious of these is soft pancreas. To reduce POPF occurrences, many changes to the PD process have been proposed. This study evaluates short-term results of anastomosis technique for PD.

Methods
In total, 123 patients with soft pancreases who had undergone PD at Yamanashi University between January 2012 and August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. We divided these patients into two groups depending on the time PD was performed: a conventional group (n = 67) and a modified group (n = 56).

Results
The rate of clinically relevant POPF was significantly lower in the modified group than that in the conventional group (5.4% vs 22.4%, p value < 0.001), with there being only one case of POPF in the modified group. There were no cases of POPF-related hemorrhaging in the modified group. On the third day after the operation, the amylase levels in the drainage fluid for the modified group became less than half (1696 vs 650 U/L). Multivariate analysis showed that the modified method was the independent predictors to prevent clinical POPF (p value = 0.002).

Conclusions
Our novel anastomosis technique for pancreatojejunostomy reduced POPF in PD, especially in cases where the patient had a soft pancreas.
Factors influencing cancer genetic somatic mutation test ordering by cancer physician
Authors: Demeshko Anastassia , Pennisi David J. , Narayan Sushil , Gray Stacy W. , Brown Matthew A. , McInerney-Leo Aideen M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Clinical whole exome sequencing was introduced in an Australian centre in 2017, as an alternative to Sanger sequencing. We aimed to identify predictors of cancer physicians’ somatic mutation test ordering behaviour.

Methods
A validated instrument assessed somatic mutation test ordering, genomic confidence, perceived utility of tumour molecular profiling, and percent of patients eligible for targeted therapy. A cash incentive was included in 189/244 questionnaires which were mailed to all Queensland cancer specialists in November 2018.

Results
110 participated (response rate 45%); 54.7% oncologists, and the remainder were surgeons, haematologists and pulmonologists. Oncologists were more likely to respond (p = 0.008), and cash incentive improved the response rate (p < 0.001). 67/102 (65.7%) of physicians ordered ≥ 5 somatic mutation tests annually. Oncologists saw 86.75 unique patients monthly and ordered 2.33 somatic mutation tests (2.2%). An average of 51/110 (46.1%) reported having little/no genomic confidence. Logistic regression identified two significant predictors of somatic mutation test ordering: being an oncologist (OR 3.557, CI 1.338–9.456; p = 0.011) and having greater confidence in interpreting somatic results (OR 5.926, CI 2.230–15.74; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Consistent with previous studies, the majority of cancer physicians ordered somatic mutation tests. However, the percentage of patients on whom tests were ordered was low. Almost half respondents reported low genomic confidence. Somatic mutation test ordering was higher amongst oncologists and those with increased confidence in interpreting somatic variants. It is unclear whether genomically confident individuals ordered more tests or whether ordering more tests increased genomic confidence. Educational interventions could improve confidence and enhance test ordering behaviour.
Microglial responses to peripheral type 1 interferon
Authors: Aw Ernest , Zhang Yingying , Carroll Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Interferon α (IFNα) is a cytokine whose production is increased endogenously in response to viral infection and in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). An elevated IFNα signature has been associated with clinically observed neuro-behavioural deficits such as mild cognitive impairment, fatigue, depression and psychosis in these diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these neuropsychiatric symptoms remain largely unknown, and it is as yet unclear how IFNα signalling might influence central nervous system (CNS) function. Aberrant microglia-mediated synaptic pruning and function has recently been implicated in several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, but whether and how IFNα modulates these functions are not well defined.

Methods
Using a model of peripheral IFNα administration, we investigated gene expression changes due to IFNAR signalling in microglia. Bulk RNA sequencing on sorted microglia from wild type and microglia-specific Ifnar1 conditional knockout mice was performed to evaluate IFNα and IFNAR signalling-dependent changes in gene expression. Furthermore, the effects of IFNα on microglia morphology and synapse engulfment were assessed, via immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.

Results
We found that IFNα exposure through the periphery induces a unique gene signature in microglia that includes the expected upregulation of multiple interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), as well as the complement component C4b. We additionally characterized several IFNα-dependent changes in microglial phenotype, including expression of CD45 and CD68, cellular morphology and presynaptic engulfment, that reveal subtle brain region-specific differences. Finally, by specifically knocking down expression of IFNAR1 on microglia, we show that these changes are largely attributable to direct IFNAR signalling on microglia and not from indirect signalling effects through other CNS parenchymal cell types which are capable of IFNα-IFNAR signal transduction.

Conclusions
Peripheral IFNα induces unique genetic and phenotypic changes in microglia that are largely dependent on direct signalling through microglial IFNAR. The IFNα-induced upregulation of C4b could play important roles in the context of aberrant synaptic pruning in neuropsychiatric disease.
One minute of circulatory arrest for acute type A aortic dissection --------- a simple operation for acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD)
Authors: Jiang Detian , Huo Yufeng , Liu Yimin , Wang Yan , Zhou Jinfeng , Sun Xiangfei , Zhao Fen , Du Yonghai , He Songxiong , Liu Chao , Sun Wenyu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Sun’s procedure is currently recognized as the standard procedure for acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD). But the operation istoo difficult for beginners. We hope to reduce the difficulty and complications of this operation.

Methods
The aortic arch was immediately cross-clamped after the stented graft was inserted into the distal aorta. Thereafter, the lower-body perfusion was restored. Then, anastomosis was performed between the proximal stent graft and the distal 4-branched Dacron graft. The other arteries were anastomosed to the arched branch of the 4-branched graft.

Results
The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was (207 ± 52) min, and the aortic cross-clamp time was (114 ± 39) min. The circulatory arrest time was (38 ± 16) sec. One patient (4%) died. The incidence of complications was stroke (4%), renal dysfunction requiring dialysis (4%), prolonged intubation(12%).

Conclusions
The time of circulatory arrest in this operation is less than 1 min, which can avoid the complications caused by DHCA and decrease risk of bleeding and complexity by shifting anastomosis more proximally. The effect of our operation is similar to and even better than that of Sun’s procedure. It does not even require relatively advanced skill, much experience and excellent psychological quality, especially suitable for beginners.
Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and brief cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial in veterans
Authors: Bozzay Melanie L. , Primack Jennifer M. , Swearingen Hannah R. , Barredo Jennifer , Philip Noah S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
At least 17 veterans die every day from suicide. Although existing treatments such as brief cognitive behavioral therapy (BCBT) have been found to reduce suicide attempts in military personnel, a number of patients go on to attempt suicide after completing therapy. Thus, finding ways to enhance treatment efficacy to reduce suicide is critical. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique that can be used to stimulate brain regions that are impaired in suicidal patients, that has been successfully used to augment treatments for psychiatric disorders implicated in suicide. The goal of this study is to test whether augmenting BCBT with TMS in suicidal veterans reduces rates of suicidal ideation, attempts, and other deleterious treatment outcomes.

Methods
One hundred thirty veterans with a suicide plan or suicidal behavior in the prior 2 weeks will be recruited from inpatient and outpatient settings at the Providence VA Medical Center in the USA. Veterans will be randomly assigned to receive 30 daily sessions of active or sham TMS in concert with a 12-week BCBT protocol in a parallel group design. Veterans will complete interviews and questionnaires related to psychiatric symptoms, suicidal ideation and behavior, treatment utilization, and functioning during a baseline assessment prior to treatment, at treatment endpoint, and 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Primary analyses will use mixed effect regressions to examine effects of treatment condition on suicidal behaviors, improvements in psychosocial functioning, and psychiatric hospitalization. Similar models as well as exploratory latent growth curve analyses will examine mediators and moderators of treatment effects.

Discussion
This protocol provides a framework for designing multilayered treatment studies for suicide. When completed, this study will be the first clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of augmenting BCBT for suicide with TMS. The results of this trial will have implications for treatment of suicide ideation and behaviors and implementation of augmented treatment designs. If positive, results from this study can be rapidly implemented across the VA system and will have a direct and meaningful impact on veteran suicide.

Trial registration
This study was registered prior to participant enrollment with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03952468. Registered on May 16, 2019.

Trial sponsor contact
Robert O’Brien (VA Health Services R&D), robert.obrien7@va.gov
Likelihood of suffering from an eating disorder in a sample of Spanish cyclists and triathletes
Authors: Muros José J. , Ávila-Alche Ángela , Knox Emily , Zabala Mikel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
During recent years, there has been increasing interest in the study of eating disorders within sports practitioners, with prevalence being reported to be higher than in the general population. The aim of this study was to describe and predict eating disorders according to sex, body mass index, age and sport discipline within a sample of athletes.

Methods
A sample of 4037 cyclists and triathletes from across Spain was selected. Athletes self-reported demographic characteristics and completed the revised restraint scale, SCOFF questionnaire and Mediterranean diet adherence screener. To be eligible for inclusion, participants had to be over eighteen years old.

Results
Males were significantly less likely than females (p < 0.001; OR = 0.33), and triathletes (p < 0.01; OR = 0.76) were less likely than cyclists to suffer from an eating disorder. Possibility of suffering from an eating disorder increased with increasing body mass index (p < 0.001; OR = 1.38) and decreasing age (p < 0.001; OR = 0.97).

Conclusion
Findings suggest that the roles of sex, sport discipline, age and body mass index predict risk factors for eating disorders in a sample of Spanish athletes. Clinical diagnosis seems necessary to better understand the factors and mechanisms at play when Spanish athletes develop an eating disorder.

Trial registration
Ethics Committee of the University of Granada (N°883) data: 16/11/2015.
Containing COVID: the establishment and management of a COVID-19 ward in an adult psychiatric hospital
Authors: Knowles Melanie , Aref-Adib Golnar , Moslehi Sarah , Aubrey-Jones Dominic , Obeney-Williams Janet , Leveson Senem , Galis Alina , Pitman Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

Background
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the UK emerged and escalated, clinicians working in mental health in-patient facilities faced unique medical, psychiatric and staffing challenges in managing and containing the impact of the virus and, in the context of legislation, enforcing social distancing.

Aims
To describe (a) the steps taken by one mental health hospital to establish a COVID-19 isolation ward for adult psychiatric in-patients and (b) how staff addressed the challenges that emerged over the period March to June 2020.

Method
A descriptive study detailing the processes involved in changing the role of the ward and the measures taken to address the various challenges that arose. Brief clinical cases of two patients are included for illustrative purposes.

Results
We describe the achievements, lessons learned and outcomes of the process of repurposing a mental health triage ward into a COVID-19 isolation facility, including the impact on staff. Flexibility, rapid problem-solving and close teamwork were essential. Some of the changes made will be sustained on the ward in our primary role as a triage ward.

Conclusions
Although the challenges faced were difficult, the legacy they have left is that of a range of improvements in patient care and the working environment.
Surgical Outcomes Among Primary Aldosteronism Patients Without Visible Adrenal Lesions
Authors: Sam Davis , Kline Gregory A , So Benny , Pasieka Janice L , Harvey Adrian , Chin Alex , Przybojewski Stefan J , Leung Alexander A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Many patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) have normal adrenal imaging, but little is known about their outcome following adrenalectomy.

Objective
To evaluate biochemical and clinical outcomes after adrenalectomy in patients with unilateral PA and normal-appearing adrenal imaging.

Design
Retrospective cohort study of patients seen between January 2006 and May 2018.

Setting
A Canadian tertiary care PA referral center.

Patients
Consecutive individuals with PA, normal cross-sectional adrenal imaging, and lateralizing adrenal vein sampling (AVS) who underwent adrenalectomy during the study period.

Primary Outcome
Biochemical response to adrenalectomy graded according to the Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome criteria.

Results
A total of 40 patients were included. Biochemical outcomes were available for 33 people (mean age, 54.7 years; 91% male; median follow-up, 2.7 months), with 28 (85%) showing a complete or partial response and 5 (15%) with no response. Clinical outcomes were available for 36 people (mean age, 54.6 years; 86% male; median follow-up, 9.8 months), with 31 (86%) demonstrating a complete or partial response and 5 (14%) with no response.

Conclusions
The prognosis after adrenalectomy is highly favorable for patients with unilateral PA and normal-appearing adrenal imaging. Patients with lateralizing disease should be considered for surgery despite apparently normal adrenal imaging.
Prognostic Threshold for Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients With Pancreatic and Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Mandair Dalvinder , Khan Mohid S , Lopes Andre , Furtado O’Mahony Luke , Ensell Leah , Lowe Helen , Hartley John A , Toumpanakis Christos , Caplin Martyn , Meyer Tim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are detectable in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and are accurate prognostic markers although the optimum threshold has not been defined.

Objective
This work aims to define optimal prognostic CTC thresholds in PanNET and midgut NETs.

Patients and Methods
CellSearch was used to enumerate CTCs in 199 patients with metastatic pancreatic (PanNET) (90) or midgut NETs (109). Patients were followed for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for a minimum of 3 years or until death.

Results
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for progression at 12 months in PanNETs and midgut NETs identified the optimal CTC threshold as 1 or greater and 2 or greater, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, these thresholds were predictive for 12-month progression with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.69 (P &lt; .01) for PanNETs and 5.88 (P &lt; .003) for midgut NETs. The same thresholds were found to be optimal for predicting death at 36 months, with an OR of 2.87 (P &lt; .03) and 5.09 (P &lt; .005) for PanNETs and midgut NETs, respectively. In multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis for PFS in PanNETs, 1 or greater CTC had a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.6 (P &lt; .01), whereas 2 or greater CTCs had an HR of 2.25 (P &lt; .01) in midgut NETs. In multivariate analysis OS in PanNETs, 1 or greater CTCs had an HR of 3.16 (P &lt; .01) and in midgut NETs, 2 or greater CTCs had an HR of 1.73 (P &lt; .06).

Conclusions
The optimal CTC threshold to predict PFS and OS in metastatic PanNETs and midgut NETs is 1 and 2, respectively. These thresholds can be used to stratify patients in clinical practice and clinical trials.