bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1054-P: Patiromer to Enable Spironolactone in Patients with Resistant Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease (AMBER): Results in the Prespecified Subgroup with Diabetes
Authors: AGARWAL RAJIV , ROSSIGNOL PATRICK , ARTHUR SUSAN , CONRAD ANSGAR , WHITE WILLIAM B. , WILLIAMS BRYAN 
Published: June 2020

Background: Spironolactone (SPIRO) reduces BP in patients (pts) with resistant hypertension (RHTN); however, its use in pts with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often limited by hyperkalemia (HK). In AMBER, patiromer (PAT) enabled more persistent use of SPIRO in pts with RHTN and CKD. As SPIRO is recommended in RHTN and DM increases HK risk, we report results in prespecified subgroups with type 1 or 2 DM (DM+) and without (DM-).
Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial in adults with RHTN and eGFR 25 to ≤45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Pts were assigned (1:1) to PBO or PAT, and SPIRO 25 mg QD, with dose titrations permitted after 1 wk for PAT and 3 wks for SPIRO. Primary endpoint: between-group difference at Wk 12 in % of pts on SPIRO.
Results: 295 pts were randomized, 145 (49%) DM+ and 150 (51%) DM-. Baseline mean (SD) serum K+ (mEq/L) was 4.76 (0.34) in DM+ and 4.67 (0.39) in DM-. Significantly more pts treated with PAT than with PBO remained on SPIRO at Wk 12 in both subgroups (Figure). LS Mean (SE) cumulative SPIRO dose was higher with PAT than PBO, by 438.7 (177.7) mg in DM+ and 317.8 (175.0) mg in DM-. Adverse events of hyperkalemia or blood K+ increased occurred in 7 (PBO) and 8 (PAT) DM+ patients and 7 (PBO) and 1 (PAT) DM- patients.
Conclusions: PAT enabled more pts with advanced CKD and RHTN to continue treatment with SPIRO, regardless of DM status.

Disclosure
R. Agarwal: Other Relationship; Self; AbbVie Inc., Akebia Therapeutics, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer Inc., Bird Rock Bio, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, OPKO Health, Inc., Reata, Relypsa, Inc.,Sandoz, Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, ZS Pharma. P. Rossignol: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Idorsia, Novartis France, Novo Nordisk Inc., Relypsa, Inc., Servier, Vifor Pharma Group. Stock/Shareholder; Self; CardioRenal: cofounder. S. Arthur: Employee; Self; Relypsa, Inc. A. Conrad: Employee; Self; Relypsa, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Vifor Pharma Group. W.B. White: Consultant; Self; Relypsa, Inc. B. Williams: Consultant; Self; Novartis AG, Relypsa, Inc., Vascular Dynamics Inc. Other Relationship; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis AG, Pfizer Inc., Servier.

Funding
Relypsa, Inc.
1058-P: Effects of Treatment with Testosterone Undecanoate Injections (TU) on Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in Men with Hypogonadism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Compared with an Untreated Control Group: Real-World Data
Authors: HAIDER KARIM S. , HAIDER AHMAD , SAAD FARID 
Published: June 2020

Background: Reduced eGFR is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
Methods: In a urological practice registry of 858 men with hypogonadism, 356 men (41.5%) had T2DM. 178 received TU 1000 mg every 12 weeks (T-group). 178 opted against treatment (CTRL). Changes over time between groups were compared and adjusted for age, weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, lipids and quality of life to account for baseline differences between the groups. eGFR was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula.
Results: Mean follow-up 8.2±2.9, baseline age: 61.5±5.4 (T-group) and 63.7±4.9 years (CTRL). Creatinine decreased by 0.16±0.03 mg/dL at 11 years in the T-group and increased by 0.32±0.03 mg/dL in CTRL. Estimated adjusted difference between groups: -0.48 mg/dL (p&lt;0.0001 for all). T-group: eGFR increased by 9.8±1.4 mL/min/1.73 m². The peak mean value was recorded in year 8 after which a small but steady decline occurred. CTRL: eGFR decreased progressively by 22.3±1.3 mL/min/1.73 m². Difference between groups: 32.2 mL/min/1.73 m² (p&lt;0.0001 for all). Systolic blood pressure decreased in the T-group by 32.3±1.2 mmHg and increased in CTRL by 14.5±1.1 mmHg. Difference between groups: -46.8 mmHg (p&lt;0.0001 for all). Diastolic blood pressure decreased in the T-group by 19.2±0.9 mmHg and increased in CTRL by 9.5±0.8 mmHg. Difference between groups: -28.7 mmHg (p&lt;0.0001 for all). During the entire observation period, 13 deaths (7.3%) and no cardiovascular events occurred in the T-group. In CTRL, 48 deaths (27.0%), 55 cases of myocardial infarction (30.9%) and 45 cases of stroke (25.3%) were recorded. Nephropathy occurred in 0.6% in the T-group and in 4% in CTRL (p&lt;0.05).
Conclusions: Long-term testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism and T2DM prevents age-related deterioration in GFR.

Disclosure
K.S. Haider: None. A. Haider: None. F. Saad: Consultant; Self; Bayer AG. Stock/Shareholder; Self; AbbVie Inc., Bayer AG.

Funding
Bayer AG
1066-P: Comparison of Efficacy of Lixisenatide Combined with Basal Insulin with or without Metformin in Asian and Caucasian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of Phase-III Studies
Authors: YUEZHONG REN , LIU MINZHI , WU GUANGYU , ZHANG XIA , CUI NAN 
Published: June 2020

Lixisenatide (LIXI), a short acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, was reported to reduce post-prandial glucose and provide a complementary effect when combined with basal insulin (BI). Analysis comparing the efficacy of LIXI combined with BI in Asians and Caucasians is lacking. A pooled analysis of 2 multi-national phase III studies, GetGoal-L and GetGoal-L-C, was performed to assess the efficacy of LIXI vs. placebo as add-on treatment to BI ± metformin in Asian and Caucasian patients with T2DM. After pooling the data, baseline characteristics were similar between Asians and Caucasians except body weight, BMI and BI dose which were higher in Caucasians. After 24 weeks, LIXI significantly reduced HbA1c in both ethnic groups compared to placebo, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups: Asian [LS mean (s.e.) (95%CI): -0.49 (-0.68 to -0.30)] and Caucasian [LS mean (s.e.) (95% CI): -0.45 (-0.63 to -0.26)]; P=0.24. There was also no significant interaction between ethnicity and treatment (P=0.63). ANCOVA analysis showed that treatment with LIXI contributed to an HbA1c reduction of -0.56% after adjustment of baseline HbA1c level in Asian patients and -0.41% in Caucasian patients. Addition of LIXI to BI ± metformin reduced HbA1c to a similar extent in both Caucasian and Asian T2DM patients.

Disclosure
R. Yuezhong: None. M. Liu: None. G. Wu: Employee; Self; Sanofi. X. Zhang: None. N. Cui: None.

Funding
Sanofi
1068-P: Adherence to Metformin Treatment in T2DM Subjects Is Higher Than Anticipated and Is Associated with the Use of Fixed-Dose Combinations but Not with XR Form
Authors: LANKOVA IVANA , MISKOVA IVA , FRANKOVA STEPANKA , KOBROVA DANA , CAJKA TOMAS , HRICKO JIRI , PAUCOVA MICHAELA , HRÁDKOVÁ VIKTORIE , VLASAKOVA ZUZANA , PELIKANOVA TEREZIE , MRAZ MILOS , HALUZIK MARTIN 
Published: June 2020

Metformin is considered the first-line treatment in all subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) not having a contraindication for its use. Patient compliance with metformin is not optimal; however, objective compliance data are scarce. The aim of our study was to analyse the adherence to metformin treatment by determining its plasma levels and to identify its determinants in a broad spectrum of T2DM patients.
In total, 309 patients with T2DM from a single tertiary diabetes centre (mean age 66.5 ± 9.0 years, HbA1C 57.2 ± 13.1 mmol/mol, BMI 30.8 ± 4.9 kg/m2) using standard or XR (sustained release) form of metformin were included in the study. Blood sampling for metformin together with a short questionnaire were performed during a regular outpatient visit. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q Exactive Plus instrumentation) were used to quantify metformin levels. Values ​​below 100 ng/ml were deemed sub-therapeutic.
Out of 309 patients, sub-therapeutic values were measured in 4.2% and zero levels in 1.9% of subjects. The use of XR form did not increase compliance (16.7 vs. 15.4 vs. 13.8% of subjects for zero vs. sub-therapeutic vs. therapeutic range, n.s.), while all subjects using combination preparation with another antidiabetic agent (11.0%) were in therapeutic range. Zero levels of metformin were associated with a trend to increased HbA1C, higher number of other antidiabetic drugs and more frequent insulin use, whereas age, BMI and diabetes duration had no effect on metformin compliance. Adherence to metformin also increased with education status while not being affected by smoking or alcohol use.
In conclusion, in a tertiary diabetes centre the compliance with metformin treatment was greater than 93% and increased with the use of combination preparations, lower number of antidiabetic drugs and higher education status. The XR form was not associated with increased adherence rate.

Disclosure
I. Lankova: None. I. Miskova: None. S. Frankova: None. D. Kobrova: None. T. Cajka: None. J. Hricko: None. M. Paucova: None. V. Hrádková: None. Z. Vlasakova: None. T. Pelikanova: None. M. Mraz: None. M. Haluzik: Advisory Panel; Self; Lilly Diabetes, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Ethicon US, LLC. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Mundipharma International, Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk A/S.

Funding
Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (00023001); RVOVFN64165
107-LB: Single Ascending Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of MK-1092 in Healthy Subjects (HS)
Authors: MORROW LINDA , GRIMM MICHAEL , BEYSEN CARINE , WALFORD GEOFFREY , DUNCAN KELLY , MITRA PRANAB K. , VADDADY PAVAN , HOMPESCH MARCUS 
Published: June 2020

Background: MK-1092, a first-in-class insulin receptor partial agonist, is being developed as a novel basal insulin for patients with T1DM and T2DM. The primary objective of this first-in-human study was to assess safety and tolerability of single subcutaneous (SC) doses of MK-1092 in HS. Secondary objectives were to estimate PK profiles, to determine the maximal glucose infusion rate (GIRmax) required to maintain target glucose levels during euglycemic clamp conditions and to explore the glycemic effect of insulin lispro when added to a single dose of MK-1092 in HS.
Methods: In part 1 of this single-site study, 5 cohorts of HS (n=8/cohort) were blinded and randomized (3:1) to receive MK-1092 (4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 nmol/kg) or glargine (3 nmol/kg [0.5 units/kg]). Subjects received single SC doses of MK-1092 or glargine and placebo matched to the alternative active treatment under euglycemic clamp conditions. Part 2 of the study was started once a safe and tolerated MK-1092 dose that achieved GIRmax ~1-2 mg/kg/min was identified in Part 1. In the open-label part 2 of the study, 4 HS received lispro (1.2 nmol/kg [0.2 units/kg], IV) approximately 12 hr after a single SC dose of MK-1092 (8 nmol/kg) to confirm high dose lispro could reduce hyperglycemia (defined as GIRmax &gt; 4mg/kg/min) after MK-1092 dosing.
Results: All doses tested were safe and well tolerated. There were no SAEs and no discontinuations due to AEs. AEs were mild or moderate and resolved spontaneously. The geometric mean of apparent terminal t1/2 ranged from 5.4 to 9.3 hr, Tmax ranged from 12 to 18 hr, AUC0-∞ ranged from 10.6 to 161 nM*hr and Cmax ranged from 0.38 to 6.82 nM at 4 to 64 nmol/kg MK-1092. Mean GIRmax for glargine was 2.72 mg/kg/min and 0.92, 1.69, 3.10, 3.32 and 4.39 mg/kg/min for 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 nmol/l MK-1092, respectively. Adding lispro to 8.0 nmol/kg MK-1092 resulted in a mean GIRmax of 11.34 mg/kg/min.
Conclusion: Single doses of MK-1092 are well-tolerated and lower glucose in healthy subjects.

Disclosure
L. Morrow: Employee; Spouse/Partner; Lilly Diabetes. Employee; Self; ProSciento. M. Grimm: None. C. Beysen: Employee; Self; ProSciento. G. Walford: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. K. Duncan: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. P.K. Mitra: Employee; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Bristol-Myers Squibb. P. Vaddady: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. M. Hompesch: Board Member; Self; ProSciento. Employee; Self; ProSciento. Stock/Shareholder; Self; ProSciento.
1072-P: Activation of Heat Shock Response Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Biomarkers
Authors: KONDO TATSUYA , KITANO SAYAKA , MIYAKAWA NOBUKAZU , WATANABE TAKURO , GOTO RIEKO , SAKAGUCHI MASAJI , IGATA MOTOYUKI , KAWASHIMA JUNJI , MOTOSHIMA HIROYUKI , MATSUMURA TAKESHI , ARAKI EIICHI 
Published: June 2020

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often accompanies with metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome (Mets) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Effective treatment strategy to control NAFLD is not fully established yet. Cellular stress adaptation is one of the most important homeostatic ability, but this response can be deteriorated by metabolic insults. Heat shock (HS) with appropriate mild electrical stimulation (MES) activates stress adaptive heat shock response and improves metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and inflammation in Mets and T2D.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of the effects of MES+HS treatment on NAFLD biomarkers was performed in the subject with healthy men (n=10), Mets (n=40) and the patient with T2D (n=100).
Results: In healthy males, there were no alterations in NAFLD steatosis or fibrosis biomarkers. In subjects with Mets, many of the NAFLD steatosis markers, such as AST/ALT ratio (from 0.80 to 0.94. p&lt;0.01), fatty liver index (FLI: from 62.3 to 57.3. p&lt;0.01), NAFLD-liver fat score (NAFLD-LFS: from 0.002 to - 0.276. p&lt;0.01), liver/spleen (L/S) ratio (from 0.994 to 1.098. p&lt;0.01) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI: from 37.2 to 36.0. p&lt;0.01) were ameliorated upon MES+HS treatment, but NAFLD fibrosis markers were not. In patients with T2D, all those investigated NAFLD steatosis markers including AST/ALT ratio (from 0.94 to 1.08. p&lt;0.05), FLI (from 64.0 to 59.6. p&lt;0.01), LFS (from 1.40 to 0.90. p&lt;0.05), L/S ratio (from 0.987 to 1.096. p&lt;0.01) and HSI (from 40.2 to 39.4. p&lt;0.01), visceral adiposity index (VAI: from 219.4 to 197.2. p&lt;0.01) and triglyceride × fasting glucose index (TyG: from 4.05 to 3.95. p&lt;0.01) were improved and NAFLD fibrosis markers such as Fib4 index (from 1.72 to 1.62. p&lt;0.05) and NAFLD-fibrosis score (from - 0.23 to - 0.18. p&lt;0.05) were ameliorated upon MES+HS treatment.
Conclusions: Thus MES+HS, a physical interventional medicine may become a novel treatment strategy for NAFLD as well as metabolic disorders.

Disclosure
T. Kondo: None. S. Kitano: None. N. Miyakawa: None. T. Watanabe: None. R. Goto: None. M. Sakaguchi: None. M. Igata: None. J. Kawashima: None. H. Motoshima: None. T. Matsumura: None. E. Araki: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; ARKRAY, Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., WebMD LLC. Other Relationship; Self; Kowa Company, Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novartis Pharma K.K., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.

Funding
Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (24-065)
1081-P: Metabolic Effects of Praliciguat, Empagliflozin, and Their Combination in Rats with Programmed Hypertension and Early Exposure to High-Fat Diet
Authors: SCHWARTZKOPF CHAD , RIBÓ VIRGINIA REVERTE , RODRIGUEZ FRANCISCA , OLTRA LIDIA , MORENO AYUSO JUAN MANUEL , LLINÁS M. TERESA , NICOLAS ALEJANDRO S. , SHEA COURTNEY , CURRIE MARK , JONES JULI E. , BUYS EMMANUEL S. , MASFERRER JAIME , APARICIO FRANCISCO JAVIER SALAZAR 
Published: June 2020

Background: The soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator praliciguat (PRL) lowers blood pressure and improves metabolism in preclinical models. PRL is under development for diabetic nephropathy and therefore combination with antidiabetic agents such as empagliflozin (EMPA), a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is of interest. Here, we assessed the metabolic effects of PRL, EMPA, and their combination in SD rats with programmed hypertension and early exposure to high fat diet (HT-HF), a model with several features of metabolic syndrome - hypertension, glucose intolerance and increased adiposity.
Methods: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and abdominal fat (AF) were determined at 12 weeks of age in 4 groups of HT-HF rats that were subsequently treated for 6 weeks with vehicle control (HT-HF), PRL (10 mg/kg/day), EMPA (7.5 mg/kg/day), or PRL+EMPA. A normotensive, non-disease group on normal diet was also included. At Week 6 of treatment, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed, and MAP, AF, plasma leptin, and adipocyte area (AA) were measured.
Results: See table.
Conclusion: The sGC stimulator praliciguat in combination with the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin has additive pharmacological effects in a rat programmed hypertension model.

Disclosure
C. Schwartzkopf: None. V. Reverte Ribó: Research Support; Self; Cyclerion. F. Rodriguez: Research Support; Self; CYCLERION. L. Oltra: Research Support; Self; Cyclerion. J. Moreno Ayuso: Research Support; Self; Cyclerion. M. Llinás: Research Support; Self; Cyclerion. A.S. Nicolas: None. C. Shea: None. M. Currie: Employee; Self; Cyclerion Therapeutics. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Cyclerion Therapeutics. J.E. Jones: None. E.S. Buys: Employee; Self; Cyclerion. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Cyclerion. J. Masferrer: None. F. Salazar aparicio: Research Support; Self; Cyclerion.
1086-P: GLP-1 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human ADSCs via Wnt/GSK-3ß/ß-Catenin Pathway
Authors: LI YUN , FU HUIRONG , LUO SHUNKUI , WANG LINGLING , CHEN JIANDI , LU HONGYUN 
Published: June 2020

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) analogue, which act as endogenous intestinal hormone and promising antidiabetic drugs, have shown beneficial effects on bone metabolism in some clinical studies, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate whether GLP-1 could affect the “intestines-fat- bone axis” via Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.
Methods: Human ADSCs (hADSCs) were cultured and induced to osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation under high glucose condition. The cells was cultured with different dose of GLP-1, and treated with Wnt pathway agonist (LiCL) or inhibitor (DKK-1) respectively. In order to further explore the mechanisms, we use lentivirus to knockdown the core molecule (GSK-3β and DKK-1) of Wnt pathway. The Oil red O staining, Alizarin red staining, quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were also used.
Results: GLP-1 repressed induction of adipocyte differentiation biomarkers, and reduced endogenous lipoid deposits in cells. In addition, GLP-1 enhanced the expression of osteoblastogenic biomarkers such as OCN, Runx2 as well as Collagen I, which promoted osteoblastic mineralization. These impacts were substantially suppressed by the inhibitor of Wnt. The above results could be reversed when GSK-3β were silenced. It provide that GLP-1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs via Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.

Disclosure
Y. Li: None. H. Fu: None. S. Luo: None. L. Wang: None. J. Chen: None. H. Lu: None.

Funding
Sun Yat-sen University (17YKZD23); National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670815); Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2016A030313279)
1098-P: Biomarkers of Tubular Injury and Effects of Canagliflozin in the CANVAS Trial
Authors: SEN TAHA , LI JINGWEI , NEAL BRUCE , NEUEN BRENDON L. , JARDINE MEG J. , IX JOACHIM , SHLIPAK MICHAEL G. , PERKOVIC VLADO , YAVIN YSHAI , ROSENTHAL NORM , HANSEN MICHAEL K. , HEERSPINK HIDDO L. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Canagliflozin (CANA) slows progression of kidney disease, which may be at least partly mediated by improvements in tubular function. To test this hypothesis, we assessed effects of CANA on markers of tubular function and injury in the CANVAS trial.
Methods: Urine biomarkers of tubule function (β2-microglobulin [B2M], cystatin C, and uromodulin), tubular injury (interleukin-18 [IL-18], kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1], neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin [NGAL], and osteopontin), and inflammation (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1]) were measured at baseline and after 12 months. Biomarker concentrations were standardized for urine creatinine concentration. Differences between CANA and placebo treatment were assessed using ANCOVA models.
Results: We included 3723 CANVAS participants with available urine samples (eGFR 77.1 ml/min/1.73 m2 and median UACR 11.7 mg/g). Clinical characteristics and biomarker levels were well balanced between treatment groups at baseline. CANA compared to placebo significantly reduced urinary KIM-1, uromodulin, cystatin C, and osteopontin. It did not change NGAL or MCP-1 and increased IL-18 and B2M. Results were consistent in subgroups by baseline UACR except MCP-1, which decreased in patients with UACR ≥30 mg/g (Table).
Conclusion: CANA had variable effects on markers of tubule cell injury and function, decreasing 4, while 2 remained stable and 2 increased.

Disclosure
T. Sen: None. J. Li: Employee; Self; George Institute. B. Neal: Research Support; Self; Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Merck Schering Plough, Roche Pharma, Servier, Zydus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Other Relationship; Self; Abbott, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Servier. B.L. Neuen: Research Support; Self; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Postgraduate Scholarship, Oxford Australia Clarendon Scholarship from the University of Oxford, University Postgraduate Award from UNSW Sydney. Other Relationship; Self; Janssen Research & Development, LLC. M.J. Jardine: Other Relationship; Self; See Other Relationship field. J. Ix: Research Support; Self; Baxter. M.G. Shlipak: Advisory Panel; Self; Cricket Health, Tai Diagnostics. V. Perkovic: Other Relationship; Self; See Other Relationshipfield. Y. Yavin: Employee; Self; Janssen Research & Development, LLC. N. Rosenthal: None. M.K. Hansen: Employee; Self; Janssen Research & Development, LLC. H.L. Heerspink: Consultant; Self; AbbVie Inc., AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, CSL Behring, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Mundipharma International, Retrophin, Inc.

Funding
Janssen Research & Development, LLC