bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Expression of Interleukin-17 and Hormonal Receptors in Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions
Authors: Ali Eman Taha , Masri Mai , Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , Ahmed Ayman , Muneer Mohamed , Mohamed Nouh Saad , Edris Ali Mahmoud 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives: IL17 is a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in inflammation, multidrug resistance and growth persistence pathways in cancer. This study is aiming at studying the expression of IL17 and hormonal receptors expression in benign and malignant breast lesions using immunohistochemical staining methods.Results: A total of 137 cases of breast lesions were studied, 97 (70.8%) were malignant and 40 (29.2%) were benign cases. Age range for malignant and benign cases were between 26 to 80 years [mean age 50±2 years], and 20 to 70 years [mean age 41±4 years], respectively, Odds ratio= 2.3 [1.78-1.99, 95% CI]. The majority of the histopathological diagnosis of the benign and malignant lesions were 21 (15.3%) fibro-adenomas and 87 (63.5%) invasive ductal carcinoma, respectively. Expression of IL17 and age were insignificantly negatively correlated for both groups; benign cases [r= -0.054, P value 0.742] and malignant cases [r= -0.080, P value 0.444]. IL17 expression was showing insignificant association with age group, P value 0.065. IL17 expression showed a statistical significance based on the different histopathological diagnosis, P value 0.035. Expression levels of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal receptors were showing insignificant difference among IL17 expression categories, P values 0.678, 0.623, and 0.361, respectively.
Health literacy and health outcomes in China’s floating population: mediating effects of health services
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Wu Wei-ling , Wu Lei , Yu lin-wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Health literacy is an important behavioral factor for promoting health and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine whether health literacy affected health outcomes in China’s floating population and whether health service utilization had a mediating effect between health literacy and health outcomes. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Zhejiang Province, China, in November and December 2019. Self-reported questionnaires were used for data collection, which included sociodemographic characteristics, health literacy, health outcomes, and health service utilization. On the basis of reliability testing, confirmatory factor analysis was used to test questionnaire validity. Descriptive statistics were used to understand the demographic characteristics of the floating population, and structural equation modeling was used for the mediation test to check whether health service utilization had a mediating effect between health literacy and health outcomes. Results: There were positive correlations between health literacy, health service utilization, and health outcomes; correlation coefficients ranged from 0.165 to 0.944. Mediation analysis showed that health service utilization had partial mediating effects between health literacy and health outcomes. In the relationship between health literacy and health outcomes, the indirect effects of health service utilization accounted for 6.6%–8.7% of the total effects. Conclusion: Health service utilization has partial mediating effects between health literacy and health outcomes. Health literacy affects the proactiveness of health service utilization in the floating population through healthcare literacy and health promotion, thereby affecting health outcomes.
HYPOfractionated Radiation Therapy Comparing A Standard Radiotherapy Schedule (Over Three Weeks) with A Novel One Week Schedule in Adjuvant Breast Cancer: An Open-Label Randomised Controlled Study (HYPORT- Adjuvant): Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Randomized Phase III Trial.
Authors: Chatterjee Sanjoy , Chakraborty Santam , Group HYPORT Adjuvant Author 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Hypofractionated radiotherapy is the current standard for adjuvant radiotherapy across many centres. Further hypofractionation may be possible but remains to be investigated in non-caucasian populations with more advanced disease, with a higher proportion of patients requiring mastectomy as well as tumour bed boost. We are reporting the design of randomized controlled trial testing the hypothesis that a one week (5 fractions) regimen of radiotherapy will be non-inferior to a standard three week (15 fractions) schedule. Methods

We describe a multicenter, randomized controlled trial recruiting patients at large academic centres across India. Patients without distant metastases who merit adjuvant radiotherapy will be eligible for inclusion in the study. Patients in the control arm will receive adjuvant radiotherapy to the breast or chest wall (with/without regional nodes) to a dose of 40 Gy / 15 fractions / 3 weeks, while those in the experimental arm will receive a dose of 26 Gy / 5 fractions / 1 week (to the same volume). Use of a simultaneous integrated boost (dose of 8 Gy and 6 Gy respectively) is allowed in patients who have undergone breast conservation. A sample size of 2100 patients provides an 80% power to detect a non-inferiority of 3% in the 5-year locoregional recurrence rate with a one-sided type I error of 2.5%, assuming that the locoregional recurrence rate in the control arm is 5% at 5 years (corresponding to a hazard ratio of 1.63). Patients will be recruited over a period of 5 years, and followed up for a further 5 years thereafter. Discussion

If a five-fraction regimen of breast cancer is proven to be non-inferior, this will result in a significant improvement in the access to radiotherapy, as well as reduced costs of treatment. The trial gives an opportunity to standardize and quality assure radiotherapy practices across the nation at the same time. Along with the results of the FAST Forward trial, the safety of this intervention in advanced node-positive disease requiring regional nodal radiation will be established.
Trial Registration

The trial has been registered at the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) vide registration number: CTRI/2018/12/016816 (31/12/2018) as well as the clinical trial.gov website at NCT03788213 (28/12/2018).
Higher aggrecan 1-F21 epitope concentration in synovial fluid early after anterior cruciate ligament injury is associated with worse knee cartilage quality assessed by gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 20 years later
Authors: Neuman Paul , Larsson Staffan , Lohmander L Stefan , Struglics André 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective. To investigate if cartilage related biomarkers in synovial fluid are associated with knee cartilage status 20 years after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Methods. We studied 25 patients with a complete ACL rupture without subsequent ACL reconstruction or radiographic knee OA. All had a delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) 20 years after the ACL injury, using the T1 transverse relaxation time in the presence of gadolinium (T1Gd) which estimates the concentration of glycosaminoglycans in hyaline cartilage. Synovial fluid samples were aspirated acutely (between 0 and 18 days) and during 1 to 5 follow up visits between 0.5 and 7.5 years after injury. We quantified synovial fluid concentrations of aggrecan (epitopes 1-F21 and ARGS), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 by immunoassays, and sulfated glycosaminoglycans by Alcian blue precipitation. Results. Linear regression analyses (adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and time between injury and sampling) showed that acute higher synovial fluid 1-F21-aggrecan concentrations were associated with shorter T1Gd values 20 years after injury, i.e. inferior cartilage quality (standardized effects between -0.67 and -1.0). No other statistically significant association was found between molecular biomarkers and T1Gd values. Conclusion. Higher acute synovial fluid 1-F21-aggrecan concentrations in ACL injured patients, who managed to cope without ACL reconstruction and were without radiographic knee OA, were associated with worse knee cartilage quality assessed by dGEMRIC 20 years after injury.
Survival Analysis of COVID-19 on Democracy with Cox Proportional Hazards Model
Authors: Zhao Yue , Dilip Deepika 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has struck us in many ways and we observed that China and South Korea found an effective measure to contain the virus. Conversely, the United States and the European countries are struggling to fight the virus. China is not considered a democracy and South Korea is less democratic than the United States. Therefore, we want to explore the association between the deaths of COVID-19 and democracy. Methods: We collected COVID-19 deaths data for each country from the Johns Hopkins University website and democracy indices of 2018 from the Economist Intelligence Unit website in May 2020. Then we conducted a survival analysis, regarding each country as a subject, with the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, adjusting for other selected variables. Result: The result showed that the association between democracy and deaths of COVID-19 was significant (P=0.04), adjusting for other covariates. Conclusion: In conclusion, less democratic governments performed better in containing the virus and controlling the number of deaths.
The Quantitative Proteomics Analysis in Glioblastoma After HULC Silencing
Authors: Ye Shan , Wang Yiran , Yin Tiantian , Hu Yuchen , He Jie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant intracranial tumor threatening patients' survival. The study aimed to find the menchanisms of lncRNA highly up-regulated in liver cancer (HULC) affecting GBM or involved signaling pathways, which may providing theoretical support for targeted therapy.Methods: Two cell lines were constructed: HULC-small interfering RNA (siRNA) and negative control. Then qRT-PCR was operated to detect the transfection efficiency and quantitative proteomics based on mass spectrometry (MS) were conducted. Finally, the differentially expressed proteins were analyzed in gene ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment.Results: The relative expression level of HULC in HULC-siRNA was significantly lower than that in NC detected by qRT-PCR. A total of 136 differentially expressed proteins were identified, including 24 down-regulated and 112 up-regulated. GO classification results illustrated that they were centralized in cellular or single-organism process and biological regulation in biological process, cell and organelle in cellular component, binding and catalytic activity in molecular function. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that some were sinificantly enriched, including tight junction, metabolic pathways and arachidonic acid metabolism. It was further discovered that PLA2G4A was down regulated obviously after HULC silencing.Conclusion: HULC changed the proteomics characteristics of GBM, including regulating the expression of PLA2G4A. This study provided a new perspective on the menchanisms and potential drug targets of GBM.
Retrospective Cohort Study on Radial Head Arthroplasty Comparing Long-Term Outcomes Between Valgus Type Injury and Fracture Dislocation
Authors: Chen Alvin Chao-Yu , Weng Chun-Jui , Chiu Chih-Hao , Chang Shih-Sheng , Cheng Chun-Ying , Chan Yi-Sheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) has been commonly adopted for irreparable radial head fractures while little information is addressed on valgus type injury. The purpose of this study is to report long-term outcomes and radiographic analysis in RHA for valgus type injury with comparison to fracture dislocation injury.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients receiving unilateral RHA with loose-fit, modular metal prosthesis for irreparable radial head fractures between 2004 and 2012. Totally, 33 patients with a mean follow up of nine years (range, 7 to 15 years) were enrolled and divided into two groups including 14 valgus injuries and 19 fracture-dislocations. Demographics of the patients, injury details, clinical and radiographic outcomes, and correlation analysis were investigated and compared between two groups.Results: In patient demographics, significant difference was noted in sex distribution, lateral collateral ligament involvement and time from injury to RHA between two groups. No patient underwent subsequent removal or revision of prosthesis. Good to excellent results according to Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was achieved in 13 and 14 patients in group A and B respectively. Final motion range and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was significantly better in valgus injury group. Radiographic analysis demonstrated fewer patients in valgus injury group presented periprosthetic osteolysis with weak to moderate negative correlation between radiolucency score and MEPS.Conclusions: With an average of nine years follow-up, RHA using loose-fit, modular metal prosthesis achieves encouraging outcomes for both valgus injury and fracture dislocation. In valgus type injury, better motion range, lower disability score and lower incidence of periprosthetic osteolysis is noted while correlation analysis of radiolucency score suggests extended, long-term investigation.
An in vitro bioengineered model of the human arterial neurovascular unit to study neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Robert Jerome , Weilinger Nicholas , Zao Li-Ping , Cataldi Stefano , Button Emily , Stukas Sophie , Martin Emma , Seibler Philip , Gilmour Megan , Caffrey Tara M , Rowe Elyn M , MacVicar Brian , Farrer Matthew , Wellington Cheryl 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The neurovascular unit (NVU) – the interaction between the neurons and the cerebrovasculature – is increasingly important to interrogate through human-based experimental models. Although advanced models of cerebral capillaries have been developed in the last decade, there is currently noin vitro3-dimensional (3D) perfusible model of the human cortical arterial NVU. Method: We used a tissue-engineering technique to develop a scaffold-directed, perfusible, 3D human NVU that is cultured in native-like flow conditions that mimics the anatomy and physiology of cortical penetrating arteries. Results: This system, composed of primary human vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and astrocytes) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived neurons, demonstrates a physiological multilayer organization of the involved cell types. It also reproduces key characteristics of cortical neurons and astrocytes, as well as the formation of a selective and functional endothelial barrier. We further provide proof-of-principle that our in vitro human arterial NVU may be suitable to study neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as we report both phosphorylated tau and beta-amyloid accumulation in our model over time. Finally, we show that our arterial NVU model enables the study of neuronal and glial fluid biomarkers. Conclusion: This model is a suitable tool to investigate arterial NVU functions such as neuronal electrophysiology in health and disease. Further the design of platform allows culture under native-like flow conditions for extended periods of time and yields sufficient tissue and media for downstream immunohistochemistry and biochemistry analyses.
Use of patient derived urine renal epithelial cells to confirm pathogenicity of PKHD1 alleles
Authors: Molinari Elisa , Srivast Shalabh , Dewhurst Rebecca M. , Sayer John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

PKHD1 is the main genetic cause of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), a hereditary hepato-renal fibrocystic disorder which is the most important cause of end-stage renal disease during early childhood. ARPKD can also present in adulthood with milder phenotypes. In this study, we describe a 24-year-old woman with atypical polycystic kidney, no family history of renal disease and no obvious extra-renal manifestations who was referred for genetic investigation.

Methods

We used a combination of next generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing and RNA and microscopy studies performed on urine-derived renal epithelial cells (URECs) to provide a genetic diagnosis of ARPKD.

Results

A next generation sequencing panel of cystic ciliopathy genes allowed the identification of two heterozygous sequence changes in PKHD1 (c.6900C>T; p.(Asn2300=) and c.7964A>C; p.(His2655Pro)). The pathogenicity of the synonymous PKHD1 variant is not clear and requires RNA studies, which cannot be carried out efficiently on RNA extracted from proband blood, due to the low expression levels of PKHD1 in lymphocytes.

Using URECs as a source of kidney-specific RNA, we show that PKHD1 is alternatively spliced around exon 43, both in control and proband URECs. The variant p.(Asn2300=) shifts the expression ratio in favour of a shorter, out-of-frame transcript. To further study the phenotypic consequence of these variants, we investigated the ciliary phenotype of patient URECs, which were abnormally elongated and presented multiple blebs along the axoneme.

Conclusions

We confirm the power of URECs as a tool for functional studies on candidate variants in inherited renal disease, especially when the expression of the gene of interest is restricted to the kidney and we describe, for the first time, ciliary abnormalities in ARPKD patient cells.
Fears, feelings and findings about COVID-19 disease in hospitalized cancer patients in a tertiary Hospital in Spain.
Authors: Arrue Benjamin Domingo , Jurado Domingo de Guzmán Ordaz , Marí Rosa María Pastor , Ortega Ana Tarazona , Saus Lucía Fos , Olmos Carlos Puchades , Martínez Alba Torres , Polo Diego Soriano , Montagud Guillermo Suay , Beveridge Roberto Diaz , Sarrió Regina Gironés , Codina José Gómez 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
IntroductionOn March 11th, COVID-19 was categorized as a pandemic. Risk factors for poor outcome in COVID-19 disease include personal history of cancer. The purpose of this research is to explore what do cancer patients know about COVID-19 and their perception of infection risk.MethodsA pilot questionnaire was initiated in hospitalized cancer patients at a large academic medical center to explore fears and other issues related with COVID-19 disease and cancer patients. A stratified analysis by age, sex, marital status, educational background, number of previous systemic treatments received and hospitalization cause was carried out. χ² test, Fisher’s exact test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Kendall rank correlation coefficient were performed when indicated on each category.Results33 patients were included. 66.7% of patients were male and 33.3% female, with a median age of 57 years old. Natural origin hypothesis of novel coronavirus and high educational levels (tau-c = 0.260, p = 0.040) had a positive moderate correlation. Young cancer patients are more afraid of a SARS-CoV-2 infection than elderly people (p=0.034). Thinking there are differences in COVID-19 symptoms due to cancer treatments had a positive moderate correlation with the number of treatments received (tau-b = 0.342, p = 0.005).ConclusionCancer patients need more information about coronavirus and how can affect them. Some of them are not aware of how can cancer increase their risk of infection. However, they agree with measures that hospitals have implemented and don’t feel they affect the quality of care they receive when admitted.
Is precise open excision a more suitable surgical method for osteoid osteoma?
Authors: Yuan Yuhao , Long Feng , Liu Qing , Wu Ziyi , He Hongbo , Luo Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of precise open excision surgery to treat osteoid osteoma with C-arm assisted precise localization during the operation.
Methods

From June 2010 to June 2017, patients with osteoid osteoma of the extremities who had undergone treatment by high speed burr grinding, full scratching with curette, and C-arm assisted lesion localization during the operation were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative and postoperative pain was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring. The patients were followed up regularly, and the advantages, effects, and complications of the therapeutic technique were analyzed.
Results

The study consisted of 94 patients (59 males, 35 females; mean age, 17.6 ± 8.5 years) and they were followed up for a mean of 38.9 months (range, 24–72 months). All patients were diagnosed with osteoid osteoma by postoperative pathological examination. Follow-up consisted of imaging reexamination and clinical evaluation. If the patients did not take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) before the operation, the mean pre-operative VAS score was 6.7, and the mean VAS score of all patients was 0 one month after operation. The mean time for all patients to resume normal daily activities was 14.3 days (range, 10–21 days). There was no recurrence of pain, infection, vascular or nerve injury, and fracture complications during the follow-up. In only one case of distal femur osteoid osteoma (OO), review X-ray found a suspected recurrence 50 months after the primary surgery and subsequently, the patient underwent a second surgery. Till date, the patient has reported no discomfort following the second surgery.
Conclusions

For treatment of osteoid osteoma, open incision and minimal resection with C-arm assisted tumor localization is still a suitable method, especially for osteoid osteoma located on the surface of the cortical bone.
China and Deglobalization of the World Economy
Authors: Stanojevic Natasa , Zakic Katarina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper analyses the causes of the downward trend in three key cohesion aspects of the world economy: international trade, foreign investment and global value chains. The paper finds that causes of these trends are not cyclical, but structural, that is, the process of deglobalization of the international market and transformation of the very foundations of the international economic system is underway. The specific aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of current trends on China's economy. The question is whether the Chinese economy, which has developed due to globalization processes, will be negatively affected by reverse processes and to what extent. The empirical analysis reveals very strong dependence of the Chinese economy on international economic trends. In spite of new development strategy which includes separation of the Chinese economy from disturbing external effects, most of current deglobalization trends have strong negative effects.