bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METABOLISM OF CHOLIC ACID ‐ 24‐14C IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES
Authors: Alström T. , Norman A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCholic acid‐24‐14C was injected i.v. into five patients with chronic liver disease (four with Laennec's cirrhosis and one with amyloidosis) and three patients with acute liver failure of different etiology (massive hepatic necrosis of unknown etiology, carbon tetrachloride liver injury, infectious hepatitis). The rate of disappearance of isotope from the blood during the first 60 min was depressed in patients with icterus. An anicteric patient with amyloidosis showed greatly depressed removal rate. Only trace amounts of isotope were excreted in urine during the first hours following injection and only a small fraction of the cholic acid pool was eliminated by urinary excretion, since less than 13% of the administered isotope was excreted in urine during the four days following injection. Similar studies were performed in two patients with interrupted enterohepatic circulation of bile acids due to calculi in the choledochus. Bile was sampled through a T‐tube inserted in the choledochus. These patients had impaired liver function, as indicated by bilirubin concentration above 6.0 mg/100 ml. The injected isotope was rapidly excreted in bile and all isotope was recovered in bile within 24 hours in conjugated form. Chromatographic analysis of urinary labelled metabolites showed that eight of the ten patients mainly excreted labelled conjugated bile acids. In two of the patients, one with Laennec's cirrhosis and one with hepatic necrosis, a constant excretion of 30–40% of unconjugated labelled bile acids was observed.
DIURNAL PATTERN OF PLASMA 11‐HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Nitter‐Hauge Sigurd , Kirkeby Knut , Aakvaag Asbjörn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlasma levels of 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids (11‐OH‐CS) over a 24‐hour period after admission were studied in 19 patients with acute myocardial infarction, divided into two groups. Controls for this study consisted of 10 ambulatory patients without any endocrine diseases. The normal diurnal variation in plasma 11‐OH‐CS was lacking in most of the patients—the night levels were nearly the same as the morning levels and were higher than normal. The possible mechanisms causing the abolition of variation in plasma 11‐OH‐CS concentration are discussed. The present findings are of importance when discussing the adrenocortical stimulation during the early phase of myocardial infarction, and might be related to the absence of diurnal rhythm of water and electrolyte excretion in heart failure.
Transforming the Medication Regimen Review Process Using Telemedicine to Prevent Adverse Events
Authors: Kane‐Gill Sandra L. , Wong Adrian , Culley Colleen M. , Perera Subashan , Reynolds Maureen D. , Handler Steven M. , Kellum John A. , Aspinall Monica B. , Pellett Megan E. , Long Keith E. , Nace David A. , Boyce Richard D. 
Published: November 2020

Background/ObjectivesFederally‐mandated consultant pharmacist‐conducted retrospective medication regimen reviews (MRRs) are designed to improve medication safety in nursing homes (NH). However, MRRs are potentially ineffective. A new model of care that improves access to and efficiency of consultant pharmacists is needed. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of pharmacist‐led telemedicine services on reducing high‐risk medication adverse drug events (ADEs) for NH residents using medication reconciliation and prospective MRR on admission plus ongoing clinical decision support alerts throughout the residents’ stay.DesignQuality improvement study using a stepped‐wedge design comparing the novel service to usual care in a one‐year evaluation from November 2016 to October 2017.SettingFour NHs (two urban, two suburban) in Southwestern Pennsylvania.ParticipantsAll residents in the four NHs were screened. There were 2,127 residents admitted having 652 alerts in the active period.InterventionUpon admission, pharmacists conducted medication reconciliation and prospective MRR for residents and also used telemedicine for communication with cognitively‐intact residents. Post‐admission, pharmacists received clinical decision support alerts to conduct targeted concurrent MRRs and telemedicine.MeasurementMain outcome was incidence of high‐risk medication, alert‐specific ADEs. Secondary outcomes included all‐cause hospitalization, 30‐day readmission rates, and consultant pharmacists' recommendations.ResultsConsultant pharmacists provided 769 recommendations. The intervention group had a 92% lower incidence of alert‐specific ADEs than usual care (9 vs 31; 0.14 vs 0.61/1,000‐resident‐days; adjusted incident rate ratio (AIRR) = 0.08 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01–0.40]; P = .002). All‐cause hospitalization was similar between groups (149 vs 138; 2.33 vs 2.70/1,000‐resident‐days; AIRR = 1.06 (95% CI = 0.72–1.58); P = .75), as were 30‐day readmissions (110 vs 102; 1.72 vs 2.00/1,000‐resident‐days; AIRR = 1.21 (95% CI = 0.76–1.93); P = .42).ConclusionsThis is the first evaluation of the impact of pharmacist‐led patient‐centered telemedicine services to manage high‐risk medications during transitional care and throughout the resident's NH stay, supporting a new model of patient care.
Beyond the Health Deficit Count: Examining Deficit Patterns in a Deficit‐Accumulation Frailty Index
Authors: Olivieri‐Mui Brianne L. , Shi Sandra M. , McCarthy Ellen P. , Habtemariam Daniel , Kim Dae H. 
Published: November 2020

Background/ObjectivesExploring deficit patterns among frail people may reveal subgroups of different prognostic importance.DesignAnalysis of National Health and Aging Trends Study.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsCommunity dwelling older adults with mild to moderate frailty (deficit‐accumulation frailty index (FI) of 0.25–0.40) (n = 1821).MeasurementsLatent class analysis identified distinct clinical subgroups based on comorbidity (range: 0–10), National Health and Aging Trends Study dementia classification, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) (range: 0–12). Survival analyses compared 5‐year mortality by subgroups.ResultsThree latent classes existed: Class 1 (n = 831, mean FI = 0.30) had 2.7% probable dementia, high comorbidities (mean = 3.6), and low physical impairment (SPPB mean = 9.9); Class 2 (n = 734, mean FI = 0.32) had 6.9% probable dementia, low comorbidities (mean = 2.8), and moderate physical impairment (SPPB mean = 6.2); Class 3 (n = 256, mean FI = 0.34) had 20.7% probable dementia, low comorbidities (mean = 2.4), and high physical impairment (SPPB mean = 2.0). Compared to Class 1, Classes 2 and 3 experienced higher 5‐year mortality (C2: 1.28 (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.00–1.62); C3: 1.87 (95% CI = 1.29–2.73)).ConclusionDeficit patterns among the mild‐to‐moderately frail provide additional prognostic information and highlight opportunities for preventive interventions.
Nursing workload assessment in an intensive care unit: A 5‐year retrospective analysis
Authors: Simões João Lindo , Sa‐Couto Pedro , Simões Carlos Jorge , Oliveira Cátia , dos Santos Neuza Maia , Mateus José , Magalhães Carlos Pires , Martins Matilde 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo study the correlation between the workload of intensive care nursing teams and the sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics of patients in critical condition in a Portuguese Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during a 5‐year period.BackgroundCurrently, indices of nursing workload quantification are one of the resources used for planning and evaluating ICUs. Evidence shows that there are several factors related to critical patients and their hospitalisation which potentially influence the nursing workload.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of a health record database from adult patients admitted to a Portuguese ICU between 1 January 2015–31 December 2019.MethodsSimplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS‐28) scores of 730 adult patients. Three TISS‐28 assessments were considered: first assessment, last assessment and average. The STROBE guidelines were used in reporting this study.ResultsThe TISS‐28 has an average of 34.2 ± 6.9 points at admission, which is considered a high nursing workload. A somewhat lower result was found for the discharge and average assessments. It shows that basic activities accounted for the highest percentage of time spent (38.0%), followed by the cardiovascular support category (26.5%). The TISS‐28 shows consistent results throughout the study period, despite a small trend reduction in the last 2 years.ConclusionsLower workloads were found for age ≤44 years and with a shorter length of stay. Higher workload was more probable in patients classified in Cullen Class IV (OR = 2.5) and with a normal to higher weight percentile (OR = 1.9 and 1.5, respectively).Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of the factors influencing the nursing workload facilitates the implementation of rules to improve performance in nursing interventions, based on the redefinition of care priorities, increased productivity, human resources management and reduction of additional costs to the organisation, related to possible adverse events, among others.
A comparative evaluation of midfacial soft tissue and nasal bone changes with two maxillary protraction protocols: Tooth‐borne vs skeletal‐anchored facemasks
Authors: Jang Young‐Kwang , Chung Dong‐Hwa , Lee Jin‐Woo , Lee Sang‐Min , Park Jae Hyun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesGreater advancement of the maxilla can be achieved with skeletal‐anchored facemasks (SAFM) using miniplates than with conventional tooth‐borne facemasks (TBFM). The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of TBFM and SAFM on midfacial soft tissue and nasal bone up to two years after treatment.Settings and Sample PopulationSixty‐seven growing patients with Class III malocclusions were treated with facemasks. They were divided into a SAFM group with 31 subjects (average age 11.1 years) and a TBFM group with 36 subjects (average age 11.0 years).Materials and MethodsCephalometric analysis was conducted using linear and angular midfacial measurements. Lateral cephalograms were taken initially (T0), after treatment (T1) and at two years post‐treatment (T2). Significance was assessed between the two groups.ResultsComparing changes in the midfacial area between the SAFM and TBFM groups during the traction period (T0‐T1), angular measurements such as SNOr (1.34°), nasolabial angle (4.20°), nasal angles 1 and 2 (1.23°, 2.14°) and linear measurements such as Prn, Sn, A' distance (approximately 2 mm) increased significantly more in the SAFM group. Over the entire treatment period (T0‐T2), the changes in SNOr (1.33°), nasolabial angle (6.54°), nasal angles 1 and 2 (1.45°, 2.99°) and Prn, Sn, A' distance (approximately 2 mm) remained significant (P < .05).ConclusionsIn the treatment of growing patients with Class III malocclusions with maxillary deficiency, it was possible to achieve significantly greater advancement in the midfacial area with SAFM treatment than with TBFM treatment. This significant difference was well maintained at two years post‐treatment.
Periodontal disease and preterm birth: Findings from the 2015 Pelotas birth cohort study
Authors: de Oliveira Luísa J. C. , Cademartori Mariana G. , Schuch Helena S. , Barros Fernando C. , Silveira Mariângela F. , Correa Marcos B. , Demarco Flávio F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo verify the association between periodontal conditions and preterm birth.Materials and methodsThis study used data from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil. Pregnant women expected to give birth in 2015 were interviewed and dentally examined by a trained dentist, with periodontal measures collected in all teeth, six sites per tooth. Exposure was periodontal disease. Outcomes were preterm birth (all births <37 weeks of gestational age) and early preterm birth (<34 weeks). Analysis was carried out using Poisson regression according to a directed acyclic graph.ResultsA total of 2,474 women participated in the study. Incidence of preterm births was 10.2% and of early preterm births was 3.5%. Frequency of gingivitis was 21.7%, and periodontitis was 14.9%. Periodontitis was associated with a risk almost two times higher of having early preterm delivery compared with healthy pregnant women (RR 1.93; 95% CI 1.09–3.43). Presence of 5+ mm periodontal pocket with bleeding on probing was also associated with higher risk for early preterm delivery.ConclusionsThe association between periodontal disease in pregnancy and the occurrence of preterm delivery is sensitive to the case definitions. Periodontal disease increased the risk of early preterm delivery.
Dynamic corneal biomechanics in different cell layers: in keratoconus and normal eyes
Authors: Alvani Azam , Hashemi Hassan , Pakravan Mohammad , Mahbod Mirgholamreza , Amanzadeh Kazem , Seyedian Mohammad Amin , Yaseri Mehdi , Jafarzadehpur Ebrahim , Fotouhi Akbar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to determine the relationship between corneal cellular structures and biomechanical deformation parameters in keratoconic (KC) and healthy eyes.MethodsIn this prospective comparative study, 29 eyes of 29 KC patients were age‐ and gender‐matched with 28 eyes of 28 healthy individuals using frequency matching. Corneal parameters examined included the density of basal epithelial cells, anterior keratocytes, posterior keratocytes and endothelial cells as assessed by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (HRT III‐RCM, Heidelberg Engineering, www.heidelbergengineering.com). Additionally, the coefficient of variation of endothelial cell size (CV) and the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells (HEX%) were measured by specular microscopy (Konan NSP‐9900, Konan Medical, www.konanmedical.com). Further, biomechanical deformation parameters were derived from Corvis Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST, Oculus, www.oculus.de). All cellular and biomechanical deformation parameters in KC and normal groups were compared, and the relationship between cellular and biomechanical parameters calculated.ResultsIn the KC group, the highest concavity (HC) delta arc length and maximum delta arc length were associated with endothelial cell density (Beta = −0.39, p = 0.03 and Beta = −0.60, p ˂ 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, there was a significant association between HC deflection length and HEX% (Beta = −0.67, p = 0.001). In the normal group, HC delta arc length and HC deflection length were significantly associated with endothelial cell density (Beta = 0.46, p = 0.02; and Beta = −0.51, p = 0.01, respectively). HC time, HC deformation amplitude and applanation 1 delta arc length were associated with CV (Beta = 0.50, p = 0.01; Beta = 0.27, p = 0.009; and Beta = −0.57, p = 0.002, respectively). Applanation 1 and applanation 2 deformation amplitudes were associated with HEX% (Beta = −0.49, p = 0.005; and Beta = −0.46, p = 0.02).ConclusionsBiomechanical deformation parameters were significantly correlated with endothelial cell properties in both KC and normal groups, thereby indicating the importance of the integrity of endothelial cells to the biomechanical properties of both KC and normal corneas.
What impact of air pollution in pediatric respiratory allergic diseases
Authors: Traina Giovanni , Barbalace Andrea , Betti Federica , Bolzacchini Ezio , Bonini Maira , Contini Daniele , Felice Giuseppe , Foti Tiziana , Mantecca Paride 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRespiratory allergies are known to affect people all over the world. Environmental factors related to pollution play a significant etiopathogenic role in this regard. Polluting sources are industrial activities and urban traffic, capable of generating various types of pollutants that trigger inflammatory, direct, and indirect damage to tissues, promoting allergic symptoms, even serious ones, and interfering with the pharmacologic response. They are also able to modify pollen, promoting allergic sensitization. Pollution could have played a significant predisposing role in the ongoing morbidity and mortality of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Mass selection of fonio landraces (Digitaria exilis) grown in Benin: Pathway, homogeneity assessment and genotypes screening
Authors: Kanlindogbè Cyrille , Sekloka Emmanuel , G. Achigan‐Dako Enoch , Kwon‐Ndung Emmanuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFonio production is generally in polyvarietal mixture and no improved varieties are available yet. This work proposed a pathway for homogenization and mass selection from 19 accessions previously collected in Benin, to sort best genotypes. From 2015 to 2017, accessions were submitted to homogenization followed by separated conduct of different phenotypes appeared each year. Each material was evaluated on elementary plot of 3 m2. Agro‐morphological data collected were submitted to descriptive and multivariate analyses. Results showed homogeneity and selection effectiveness varied following characters and accessions. Better homogeneity level was obtained on qualitative characters compared to morphometric traits. Selection led to derivative accessions earlier or more productive than their parents. Thus, compared to parents, shortenings of 10%–30% on plant cycle and progress of 10%–70% in yield were recorded for some derivative accessions. On grains colour, 86% of accessions are homogeneous from 70% to 100%. Three groups characterized by earliness, productivity and grains homogeneity were identified. AS19‐1‐1, AS1, AS13‐1, AS2‐1‐1, AS15‐1‐1 and AS18 were sorted genotypes. Multi‐local assessments will be conducted for homogeneous and efficient ideotypes responding farmer's needs.
Proxy Expenditure Weights for Consumer Price Index: Audit Sampling Inference for Big-Data Statistics
Authors: Zhang Li-Chun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurchase data from retail chains can provide proxy measures of private household expenditure on items that are the most troublesome to collect in the traditional expenditure survey. Due to the inevitable coverage and selection errors, bias must exist in these proxy measures. Moreover, given the sheer amount of data, the bias completely dominates the variance. To investigate the potential of replacing costly and burdensome surveys by non-survey big-data sources, we propose an audit sampling inference approach, which does not require linking the audit sample and the big-data source at the individual level. It turns out that one is unable to reject a null hypothesis of unbiased big-data estimation at the chosen size, because the audit sampling variance is too large compared to the bias of the big-data estimate. For the same reason, audit sampling fails to yield a meaningful mean squared error estimate. We propose a novel accuracy measure that is generally applicable in such situations. This can provide a necessary part of the statistical argument for the uptake of non-survey big-data sources, in replacement of traditional survey sampling. An application to disaggregated food price indices is used to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Group bias in children’s rectification of inequality using resources of different values
Authors: Xiao Xue , Liu Lu , Wu Yuting , Liu Lisha , Xu Liangyuan , Li Yanfang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious research has found that children can engage in rectification of pre‐existing inequality by allocating more resources to individuals and groups of disadvantaged status, but less research has investigated how children address the inequalities using resources of different values, especially when they are linked to group membership (i.e., in‐group or out‐group member) in the first‐party (Study 1) and third‐party contexts (Study 2). To address these issues, children aged 5–6 years and 7–8 years were assigned four distribution tasks in each study, in which they were asked to allocate resources of different values to disadvantaged or advantaged persons who were either in‐group or out‐group members and then, reason about their decisions. We found that children used resources of different values to rectify inequalities in the intergroup context overall. Specifically, younger children demonstrated group bias in their rectification of inequalities in both first‐ and third‐party contexts whereas older children overcame group bias and were more concerned about inequality status during allocation. Thus, with age, children were better able to deal with the conflict between inequality status and group bias using resources of different values.
Use of color‐coded, three‐dimensional‐printed equine carpus models is preferred by students but does not result in statistically different academic performance
Authors: Johnson Kryssa L. , Hespel Adrien‐Maxence , Price Joshua M. , de Swarte Marie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRadiology can be a challenging subject for students and finding new techniques that help improve their understanding could have positive effects in their clinical practice. The purpose of this prospective experimental study was to implement the use of color‐coded, three‐dimensional‐printed, handheld equine carpus models into a radiographic anatomy course and evaluate the impact objectively and subjectively using quizzes and student response surveys. A first‐year veterinary class was randomly divided into two similarly sized groups (groups A and B) for an equine normal radiographic anatomy laboratory. Both groups experienced the same laboratory structure; however, each student in group B received a handheld three‐dimensional‐printed equine carpus. Both groups received a quiz at the end of their laboratory consisting of 10 multiple‐choice questions related to the equine carpus. An anonymous survey regarding the laboratory was emailed to students after the laboratory. One week later, the same 10 questions in randomized order were administered via a pop‐quiz. Students believed both quizzes would count toward their final course grade. There was no statistically significant difference in grades between groups on either quiz (P > .05). However, based on survey responses, group B students felt the carpus made the laboratory more enjoyable and improved their comprehension of the material, whereas group A students felt the carpus would have increased their enjoyment and improved their comprehension. The implementation of three‐dimensional‐printed anatomic models may be useful to enhance enjoyment and perceived comprehension of veterinary students; however, there is currently insufficient evidence to suggest these models improve academic performance.