bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic impact of Ebola virus disease outbreak on an extractive firm: a case study
Authors: Tariq Hisham , Emes David Tresco , Boo Yebeen Ysabelle , Light Alexander , Sadique Zia , Khan Mishal , Knight Alan , Dar Osman , Manikam Logan 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
The recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic was one of the most severe public health emergencies in modern times. The economic impact of epidemics has mostly been analysed at the macroeconomic level. Conversely, we aimed to estimate the economic costs of preventive measures of the epidemic to an extractive firm, ArcelorMittal (AM), using data in the epidemic region from March 2014 to December 2015. AM is the world’s largest steel producer and is particularly important in West Africa, where the extractive industry is economically crucial.

Methods:
Qualitative methods, in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs), were used to investigate the events and channels of impact of the epidemic on the firm, as perceived by employees and contractors. Quantitative data regarding these costs were also collected. Retrospective cost analysis estimated the actual cost of preventive methods adopted.

Results:
Most respondents indicated the largest cost impact was suspension of the Phase II expansion, a series of projects designed to increase iron ore production in Liberia. The next largest cost was the preventive measures adopted to counter disease spread. Total costs incurred for adopting preventive measures were USD 10.58–11.11 million. The overall direct costs of preventive measures adopted within the fence, meaning within the physical boundary of the firm’s sites, shared 30–31% of the total costs incurred. The share of external donations supporting humanitarian response was 11–12% of the total costs, followed by 7–12% of relational costs.

Conclusions:
The firm’s response during the EVD epidemic focussed on its employees and operations, which was later expanded to the wider community and then in supporting the international humanitarian response.
Зачем молодежь создает контент о здоровом образе жизни: факторный анализ тематических блогов
Authors: Кульпин Сергей Владимирович , Савчук Галина Анатольевна , Якимова Ольга Александровна 
Published: May 2020

В статье предпринимается попытка рассмотреть, как отражается в контенте блогов, связанных с тематикой здорового образа жизни, мотивация молодежи к их созданию и ведению, а также зависимость популярности блога от типа контента.
Опираясь на выявленные с помощью неформализованного интервью мотивы (принести общественную пользу, показать свой опыт и личностный рост, коммуникация с друзьями, возможность заработать), авторы выдвинули гипотезу, что та или иная мотивация влияет на контент, который создает блогер, а следовательно, она может быть выявлена через соответствующую символическую репрезентацию. Для проверки этой гипотезы был использован факторный анализ (метод главных компонент).
Результаты исследования показывают, что популяризация здорового образа жизни может осуществляться как за счет повышения социальной ответственности молодых блогеров, стремления обсуждать и предлагать аудитории социально одобряемые паттерны поведения, так и через коммерциализацию блогов, которая возможна на росте популярности данной темы и внимания к ней со стороны подписчиков. Наибольшими возможностями по монетизации контента обладают блогеры, ориентированные прежде всего на коммуникацию с аудиторией (при второстепенности остальных мотивов): у них больше всего подписчиков, активно реагирующих на контент.
Благодарность. Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № 19-010-00850 «Институциональное моделирование экономики интернет-пространства России»).
The effect of nature of science activities on 4.th grade students’ scientific process skills
Authors: Türköz Ü. Gülözge 
Published: May 2020

Scientific process skills are the foundations of science and allows doing research and drawing conclusions. Scientific process skills, perhaps one of the most important tools to produce and edit information about people around the world. Therefore, the students needed to have the understanding and skills to do scientific researches. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of nature of science activities on elementary 4th grade students’ scientific process skills. The study group of the study is 65 fourth grade students educating in Denizli in a medium socio-economic elementary school in the term of 2012-2013. The study was conducted with quantitative research methods. One group pretest-posttest measurement in this study was applied to the experimental model. For data collection; scientific process skills scale was used. The application of the study lasted 9 weeks and all students were given the scales as pretest and posttest. The results showed that there are significant differences between pretest and posttest with respect to science process skills in favor of posttests.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

Özet

Bilimsel süreç becerileri, bilimin temelidir ve araştırma yapmayı ve sonuç çıkarmayı sağlar. Bilimsel süreç becerileri, kişinin etrafındaki dünya hakkında bilgiler üretmesi ve düzenlemesi için belki de en önemli araçlardan biridir. Bu yüzden, öğrencilerin, bilimsel araştırma yapmak için gerekli anlayışa ve becerilere sahip olmaları gereklidir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı Bilimin doğası etkinliklerinin ilkokul 4. Sınıf öğrencilerinin bilimsel süreç becerilerine etkisini incelemek olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında deneme modeli türlerinden deneme öncesi, tek grup ön ölçüm-son ölçüm modeli kullanılmıştır. Denizli ili merkezinde bulunan orta sosyo-ekonomik düzeydeki ilkokullardan birinde, 2012-2013 eğitim-öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 4. sınıf öğrencileri kapsamında (65 öğrenci) uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında veri toplama aracı olarak “Bilimsel Süreç Becerileri” testi kullanılmıştır. Bu testin 4. Sınıf öğrencilerinin bilimsel süreç becerilerini ölçmek amacıyla seçilmesinin temel nedenlerinden birisi alan yazında Fen Bilimleri dersi kapsamında geliştirilmiş ve yayınlanmış en yeni test olmasıdır. Çalışma sonucunda bilimin doğasına yönelik etkinliklerle öğrenim gören çalışma grubu öğrencilerinin bilimsel süreç becerileri ölçeği son-ölçümden aldıkları puanların ortalaması, ön-ölçümde aldıkları puanların ortalamasından yüksek çıkmıştır.
Prävention, Gesundheitsförderung und Verminderung geschlechtsbezogener Ungleichheit von Gesundheitschancen
Authors: Faller Gudrun , Becker Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung

Problemstellung
Frauen und Männer sind in der Arbeitswelt vielfach unterschiedlichen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Dabei fühlen sich Frauen regelmäßig stärker beansprucht als Männer. Zudem weisen sie – mit Ausnahme von Arbeitsunfällen und Berufskrankheiten – bei den meisten arbeitsbezogenen Gesundheitsindikatoren Werte auf, die auf vergleichsweise höhere Fehlbeanspruchungen hindeuten.

Zielsetzung
Es werden theorie- und datenbasierte Empfehlungen zu geeigneten Interventionen mit dem Ziel des Abbaus geschlechtsbedingter Ungleichheit von Gesundheitschancen formuliert.

Methodik
Basierend auf einer Recherche in einschlägigen Statistiken und Berichten werden aktuelle Datengrundlagen zu Erscheinungsformen, Einflussfaktoren und Folgen geschlechtsbezogener Gesundheitsdifferenzen im Sektor Arbeit nachgezeichnet.

Ergebnisse
Die erhobenen Daten liefern die Grundlage für die Formulierung von Eckpunkten für eine genderkompetente Gestaltung gesundheitsfördernder betrieblicher Strukturen und Prozesse.

Diskussion
Eine genderkompetente Gesundheitsförderung muss sich auf gendertheoretische Überlegungen stützen und die Nahtstellen zwischen Arbeits- und Lebenswelten einbeziehen. Zudem legt das Ziel, nachhaltig wirkende Verbesserungen der Gesundheit zu erreichen, die Notwendigkeit einer Kritik an der gegebenen, androzentrisch strukturierten Ökonomie nahe.
Hepatoprotective effects of chamazulene against alcohol-induced liver damage by alleviation of oxidative stress in rat models
Authors: Wang Xu , Dong Ke , Ma Yujing , Jin Qizhi , Yin Shujun , Wang Shan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLiver injury and disease caused by alcohol is a common complication to human health
worldwide. Chamazulene is a natural proazulene with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of
chamazulene against ethanol-induced liver injury in rat models. Adult Wistar rats
were orally treated with 50% v/v ethanol (8–12 mL/kg body weight
[b.w.]) for 6 weeks to induce alcoholic liver injury. Chamazulene was administered
orally to rats 1 h prior to ethanol administration at the doses of 25 and
50 mg/kg b.w. for 6 weeks. Silymarin, a commercial drug for hepatoprotection,
was orally administered (50 mg/kg b.w.) for the positive control group.
Chamazulene significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of
serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and
malondialdehyde, whereas the levels of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase,
catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and reduced glutathione were significantly
restored (p < 0.05) in contrast to the ethanol model group.
The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and
interleukin-6) were suppressed by chamazulene (p < 0.05) with
relevance to ethanol-induced liver injury. Histopathological alterations were
convincing in the chamazulene-treated groups, which showed protective effects against
alcoholic liver injury. Chamazulene has a significant hepatoprotective effect against
ethanol-induced liver injury through alleviation of oxidative stress and prevention
of inflammation.
Large Brunner’s gland adenoma of the duodenum for almost 10 years
Authors: Yang Bo , Li Ke , Luo Runlan , Xiong Zuming , Wang Lianwei , Xu Jinming , Fang Dengyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrunner’s gland adenoma is a rare benign tumor arising from
Brunner’s glands. It is mostly small in size, and patients with this tumor
are asymptomatic.Case presentationWe report the case of a 63-year-old woman with upper gastrointestinal obstruction
for almost 10 years, who was pathologically diagnosed with large Brunner’s
gland adenoma of the duodenum. Postoperatively, no sign of recurrence has been
noted until now.ConclusionThis study may help clinicians to understand and provide a more accurate diagnosis
of Brunner’s gland adenoma.
Spontaneous Local Calcium Transients Regulate Oligodendrocyte Development in Culture through Store-Operated Ca2+Entry and Release
Authors: Rui Yanfang , Pollitt Stephanie L. , Myers Kenneth R. , Feng Yue , Zheng James Q. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOligodendrocytes (OLs) insulate axonal fibers for fast conduction of nerve impulses by wrapping axons of the CNS with compact myelin membranes. Differentiating OLs undergo drastic chances in cell morphology. Bipolar oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) transform into highly ramified multipolar OLs, which then expand myelin membranes that enwrap axons. While significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying CNS myelination and its disruption in diseases, the cellular mechanisms that regulate OL differentiation are not fully understood. Here, we report that developing rat OLs in culture exhibit spontaneous Ca2+local transients (sCaLTs) in their process arbors in the absence of neurons. Importantly, we find that the frequency of sCaLTs markedly increases as OLs undergo extensive process outgrowth and branching. We further show that sCaLTs are primarily generated through a combination of Ca2+influx through store-operated Ca2+entry (SOCE) and Ca2+release from internal Ca2+stores. Inhibition of sCaLTs impairs the elaboration and branching of OL processes, as well as substantially reduces the formation of large myelin sheets in culture. Together, our findings identify an important role for spontaneous local Ca2+signaling in OL development.
Coexistence of DIPNECH and carotid body paraganglioma: is it just a coincidence?
Authors: Pedro J , Cunha F M , Neto V , Hespanhol V , Martins D F , Guimarães S , Varela A , Carvalho D 
Published: May 2020

Summary
We describe the case of a 56 year-old woman with the almost simultaneous appearance of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) and a carotid body paraganglioma. Of interest, 6 years earlier, the patient underwent total thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinoma and, in the meantime, she was submitted to mastectomy to treat an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. In order to explain these lesions, an extensive genetic study was performed. Results showed positivity for the presence of the tumor suppressor gene PALB2, whose presence had already been detected in a niece with breast cancer. The patient underwent different procedures to treat the lesions and currently she is symptom-free over 2 years of follow-up.

Learning points:

The presence of two rare neoplasms in a single person should raise the suspicion of a common etiology.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case that shows the coexistence of DIPNECH and paraganglioma.

The contribution of the PALB2 gene in the etiology of these rare neoplasms is a possibility.
Milk-alkali syndrome: a ‘quick ease’ or a ‘long-lasting problem’
Authors: Wang Mawson , Cho Catherine , Gray Callum , Chai Thora Y , Daud Ruhaida , Luttrell Matthew 
Published: May 2020

Summary
We report the case of a 65-year-old female who presented with symptomatic hypercalcaemia (corrected calcium of 4.57 mmol/L) with confusion, myalgias and abdominal discomfort. She had a concomitant metabolic alkalosis (pH 7.46, HCO3- 40 mmol/L, pCO2 54.6 mmHg). A history of significant Quick-Eze use (a calcium carbonate based antacid) for abdominal discomfort, for 2 weeks prior to presentation, suggested a diagnosis of milk-alkali syndrome (MAS). Further investigations did not demonstrate malignancy or primary hyperparathyroidism. Following management with i.v. fluid rehydration and a single dose of i.v. bisphosphonate, she developed symptomatic hypocalcaemia requiring oral and parenteral calcium replacement. She was discharged from the hospital with stable biochemistry on follow-up. This case demonstrates the importance of a detailed history in the diagnosis of severe hypercalcaemia, with MAS representing the third most common cause of hypercalcaemia. We discuss its pathophysiology and clinical importance, which can often present with severe hypercalcaemia that can respond precipitously to calcium-lowering therapy.

Learning points:

Milk-alkali syndrome is an often unrecognised cause for hypercalcaemia, but is the third most common cause of admission for hypercalcaemia.

Calcium ingestion leading to MAS can occur at intakes as low as 1.0–1.5 g per day in those with risk factors.

Early recognition of this syndrome can avoid the use of calcium-lowering therapy such as bisphosphonates which can precipitate hypocalcaemia.
MNase Profiling of Promoter Chromatin in Salmonella typhimurium-Stimulated GM12878 Cells Reveals Dynamic and Response-Specific Nucleosome Architecture
Authors: Cole Lauren , Dennis Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The nucleosome is the primary unit of chromatin structure and commonly imputed as a regulator of nuclear events, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have shown that certain nucleosomes can have different sensitivities to micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion, resulting in the release of populations of nucleosomes dependent on the concentration of MNase. Mapping MNase sensitivity of nucleosomes at transcription start sites genome-wide reveals an important functional nucleosome organization that correlates with gene expression levels and transcription factor binding. In order to understand nucleosome distribution and sensitivity dynamics during a robust genome response, we mapped nucleosome position and sensitivity using multiple concentrations of MNase. We used the innate immune response as a model system to understand chromatin-mediated regulation. Herein we demonstrate that stimulation of a human lymphoblastoid cell line (GM12878) with heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium (HKST) results in changes in nucleosome sensitivity to MNase. We show that the HKST response alters the sensitivity of -1 nucleosomes at highly expressed promoters. Finally, we correlate the increased sensitivity with response-specific transcription factor binding. These results indicate that nucleosome sensitivity dynamics reflect the cellular response to HKST and pave the way for further studies that will deepen our understanding of the specificity of genome response.
Pesan Dakwah Dalam Buku GAPLEH
Authors: Saepulloh Agus , Fachruddin Tjetjep , Yuliani Yuliani 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis isi pesan dakwah pada buku Gapleh “Gaul Tapi Soleh”. Secara rinci tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pesan dakwah dari segi akidah, akhlak, dan syariah yang terkandung dalam buku Gapleh karya Ustad Evie Effendie. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, didasarkan pada asumsi teori analisis isi yang dikembangkan oleh Harold D. Lasswell, untuk memperoleh keterangan dari komunikasi yang disampaikan dalam buku, dan teknik pengumpulan data mengguanakan studi dokumentasi, wawancara dan pengamatan pada buku Gapleh karya Ustad Evie Effendie. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pesan dakwah pada buku Gapleh karya Ustad Evie Effendie, terdapat kategori pesan dakwah seperti yang telah dipilah yaitu menjadi tiga bagian pesan, diantaranya (a) akidah meliputi nilai-nilai keimanan seseorang muslim. (b) syariah meliputi ibadah yang harus dilaksanakan oleh seorang muslim, dan (c) akhlak meliputi nilai-nilai mengenai pembahasan tentang cara perilaku seseorang terhadap Allah, manusia dan lingkungannya.
This study tried to study and analyze the contents of the da'wah message in the book "Gapul But Soleh". In detail the purpose of this study is to find out the message of preaching in terms of aqeedah, morals, and sharia contained in the book Gapleh by Ustadh Evie Effendie. The research method used is a qualitative method, based on the assumption of content analysis theory developed by Harold D. Lasswell, to obtain information from the communication conveyed in the book, and data collection techniques using documentation studies, interviews and briefings on the book Gapleh by Ustad Evie Effendie. The results of this study show da'wah messages on Gapleh's book by Ustadh Evie Effendie, including the category of da'wah messages as they have been divided into three parts of the message, so that (a) the aqid Share the values ​​of one's Muslim faith. (b) shari'a about worship that must be carried out by a Muslim, and (c) adding values ​​about the discussion of how to make one's relationship with God, humans and their environment.
Molecular Subtyping of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers by Immunohistochemistry: Molecular Basis and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Zhao Shen , Ma Ding , Xiao Yi , Li Xiao-Mei , Ma Jian-Li , Zhang Han , Xu Xiao-Li , Lv Hong , Jiang Wen-Hua , Yang Wen-Tao , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Zhang Qing-Yuan , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Molecular subtyping of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) via gene expression profiling is essential for understanding the molecular essence of this heterogeneous disease and for guiding individualized treatment. We aim to devise a clinically practical method based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the molecular subtyping of TNBCs.

Materials and Methods
By analyzing the RNA sequencing data on TNBCs from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) (n = 360) and The Cancer Genome Atlas data set (n = 158), we determined markers that can identify specific molecular subtypes. We performed immunohistochemical staining on tumor sections of 210 TNBCs from FUSCC, established an IHC-based classifier, and applied it to another two cohorts (n = 183 and 214).

Results
We selected androgen receptor (AR), CD8, FOXC1, and DCLK1 as immunohistochemical markers and classified TNBCs into five subtypes based on the staining results: (a) IHC-based luminal androgen receptor (IHC-LAR; AR-positive [+]), (b) IHC-based immunomodulatory (IHC-IM; AR-negative [−], CD8+), (c) IHC-based basal-like immune-suppressed (IHC-BLIS; AR−, CD8−, FOXC1+), (d) IHC-based mesenchymal (IHC-MES; AR−, CD8−, FOXC1−, DCLK1+), and (e) IHC-based unclassifiable (AR−, CD8−, FOXC1−, DCLK1−). The κ statistic indicated substantial agreement between the IHC-based classification and mRNA-based classification. Multivariate survival analysis suggested that our IHC-based classification was an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival. Transcriptomic data and pathological observations implied potential treatment strategies for different subtypes. The IHC-LAR subtype showed relative activation of HER2 pathway. The IHC-IM subtype tended to exhibit an immune-inflamed phenotype characterized by the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumor parenchyma. The IHC-BLIS subtype showed high expression of a VEGF signature. The IHC-MES subtype displayed activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Conclusion
We developed an IHC-based approach to classify TNBCs into molecular subtypes. This IHC-based classification can provide additional information for prognostic evaluation. It allows for subgrouping of TNBC patients in clinical trials and evaluating the efficacy of targeted therapies within certain subtypes.
Tanrı İmgesi Bağlamında Tanzimat Şiirinin Tarihselliği
Authors: Doğru Rabia 
Published: May 2020

Tanzimat döneminde Batılılaşmanın etkisiyle çeşitli alanlarda belirmeye başlayan karmaşa, zamanla toplumda dinî geleneğe dayalı bilginin sorgulanmasına yol açmıştır. Dinî inanç alanındaki kavramların merkezinde bulunan “Tanrı” kavramı da, söz konusu sorgulamalardan kaçınılmaz olarak etkilenmiş ve bu etkiyle, edebî metinlerdeki Tanrı imgeleri de dönüşmeye başlamıştır. Sözü edilen bu dönüşüm sürerken, hem bu dönüşümü anlamamıza yol açacak hem de bu dönüşüme istikamet verip yön gösterecek kavramların neler olacağı, bir soru olarak karşımızda belirmektedir. Dil, benimsediği kendi geçmiş varlık tasavvurundan birdenbire kopamayacağı ve ne olursa olsun kendi içinde aynı zamanda süreklilik arz edeceği için, biz her ne kadar Tanzimat dönemi için bir dönüşümden bahsetsek de, bu dönüşümün hâlâ kendisine yaslanmak zorunda kaldığı bir geçmişin etkisi söz konusudur. Ayrıca inanç geleneğinin şekillendirdiği Tanrı imgesini, Tanzimat şiirinin tarihselliği üzerinden açığa çıkarma gayreti, Tanzimat şiirinin konumlandığı yeri daha iyi fark etmemizi sağlayacaktır. Buradan hareketle biz bu makalemizde, Tanzimat şiirinin gelenekle ilgisine ve tarihle paralel olarak gelenekten farklılaşan yanlarına, yani tarih/gelenek içerisinde nasıl konumlandığı meselesine işaret etmeye çalışacağız.