bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term validation of the renal risk score for vasculitis in a Southern European population
Authors: Villacorta Javier , Diaz-Crespo Francisco , Guerrero Carmen , Acevedo Mercedes , Cavero Teresa , Fernandez-Juarez Gema 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, renal risk score on the basis of three clinicopathologic features to predict end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated renal vasculitis has been proposed. The aim of this multi-centre study was to validate this renal risk score in a large cohort of southern European patients.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from the time of diagnosis by systematic review of medical records from 147 patients with renal vasculitis recruited from three Spanish centres. The renal risk score was calculated in every patient, and renal and global outcomes were analysed according to the risk group assessment.ResultsANCA serology was positive in 76.2% of patients: 64.6% showed activity against myeloperoxidase (MPO) and 12.2% against proteinase 3 (PR3). The median (interquartile range) follow-up period was 41 months (9.6–104). Forty-eight patients (32.7%) reached ESRD. Patients were classified into the three groups according to the risk of progression to ESRD: 21.8% of patients were classified into low risk, 52.4% were classified into moderate risk and the remaining 25.9% were classified into high risk. The cumulative proportion of renal survival at 2, 5 and 10 years was 100, 100 and 82% in the low-risk group, 79, 77 and 77% in the medium-risk group and 63, 53 and 40% in the high-risk group (P &lt; 0.001). In regression analysis, the risk score was a good predictor for the development of the ESRD among ANCA positive [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–4.9; P &lt; 0.001] and ANCA negative (HR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.04–7.1, P = 0.04) patients.ConclusionsThe renal risk score constitutes an accurate tool to predict renal outcome among patients with renal vasculitis. This study contributes to validate the risk scoring system in a MPO-predominant population, but also among ANCA-negative vasculitis patients.
Potential False-Negative Nucleic Acid Testing Results for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from Thermal Inactivation of Samples with Low Viral Loads
Authors: Pan Yang , Long Luyao , Zhang Daitao , Yuan Tingting , Cui Shujuan , Yang Peng , Wang Quanyi , Ren Simei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world since the end of 2019. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) has played an important role in patient diagnosis and management of COVID-19. In some circumstances, thermal inactivation at 56°C has been recommended to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before NAT. However, this procedure could theoretically disrupt nucleic acid integrity of this single-stranded RNA virus and cause false negatives in real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests.

Methods
We investigated whether thermal inactivation could affect the results of viral NAT. We examined the effects of thermal inactivation on the quantitative RT-PCR results of SARS-CoV-2, particularly with regard to the rates of false-negative results for specimens carrying low viral loads. We additionally investigated the effects of different specimen types, sample preservation times, and a chemical inactivation approach on NAT.

Results
Our study showed increased Ct values in specimens from diagnosed COVID-19 patients in RT-PCR tests after thermal incubation. Moreover, about half of the weak-positive samples (7 of 15 samples, 46.7%) were RT-PCR negative after heat inactivation in at least one parallel testing. The use of guanidinium-based lysis for preservation of these specimens had a smaller impact on RT-PCR results with fewer false negatives (2 of 15 samples, 13.3%) and significantly less increase in Ct values than heat inactivation.

Conclusion
Thermal inactivation adversely affected the efficiency of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Given the limited applicability associated with chemical inactivators, other approaches to ensure the overall protection of laboratory personnel need consideration.
Police Violence among Adults Diagnosed with Mental Disorders
Authors: Jun Hyun-Jin , DeVylder Jordan E , Fedina Lisa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Police violence is reportedly common among those diagnosed with mental disorders characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms or pronounced emotional lability. Despite the perception that people with mental illness are disproportionately mistreated by the police, there is relatively little empirical research on this topic. A cross-sectional general population survey was administered online in 2017 to 1,000 adults in two eastern U.S. cities to examine the relationship between police violence exposure, mental disorders, and crime involvement. Results from hierarchical logistic regression and mediation analyses revealed that a range of mental health conditions are broadly associated with elevated risk for police violence exposure. Individuals with severe mental illness are more likely than the general population to be physically victimized by police, regardless of their involvement in criminal activities. Most of the excess risk of police violence exposure related to common psychiatric diagnoses was explained by confounding factors including crime involvement. However, crime involvement may necessitate more police contact, but does not necessarily justify victimization or excessive force (particularly sexual and psychological violence). Findings support the need for adequate training for police officers on how to safely interact with people with mental health conditions, particularly severe mental illness.
Does Assessment Method Matter in Detecting Mental Health Distress among Ashkenazi and Mizrahi Israeli Women with Breast Cancer?
Authors: Nakash Ora , Granek Leeat , Cohen Michal , Bar-Sela Gil , Geffen David , Ben David Merav 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAuthors examined differences in assessment method (structured diagnostic interview versus self-report questionnaire) between ethnic groups in the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders among women with breast cancer. A convenience sample of 88 Mizrahi (Jews of Middle Eastern/North African descent, n = 42) and Ashkenazi (Jews of European/American descent, n = 46) women with breast cancer from oncology units in three health centers across Israel participated in the study. Participants were within eight months of diagnosis. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a structured diagnostic interview, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Approximately one-third (31.8 percent, n = 28) of participants were diagnosed with at least one mood or anxiety disorder based on the MINI. Significantly more Mizrahi participants (42.9 percent) were diagnosed with at least one mood or anxiety disorder, compared with their Ashkenazi counterparts (21.7 percent). Mean score on HADS was below the optimal cutoff score (≥13) among all participants, with no significant difference in mean score for emotional distress based on HADS between the two ethnic groups. The findings highlight the role of measurement variance in assessing mental health distress among women with breast cancer in general and among ethnic and racial minorities in particular.
Cross-sectional and prospective relationship between occupational and leisure-time inactivity and cognitive function in an ageing population: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study
Authors: Hayat Shabina A , Luben Robert , Wareham Nick , Khaw Kay-Tee , Brayne Carol 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The current evidence for higher physical activity and better cognitive function and lower risk of dementia is strong but not conclusive. More robust evidence is needed to inform public-health policy. We provide further insight into discrepancies observed across studies, reporting on habitual inactivity including that during work.

Methods
We examined cross-sectional and prospective relationships of physical inactivity during leisure and occupation time, with cognitive performance using a validated physical-activity index in a cohort of 8585 men and women aged 40–79 years at baseline (1993–1997) for different domains using a range of cognitive measures. Cognitive testing was conducted between 2006 and 2011 (including a pilot phase 2004–2006). Associations were examined using multinomial logistic-regression adjusting for socio-demographic and health variables as well total habitual physical activity.

Results
Inactivity during work was inversely associated with poor cognitive performance (bottom 10th percentile of a composite cognition score): odds ratio (OR) = 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54, 0.86], P = 0.001. Results were similar cross-sectionally: OR = 0.65 (95% CI 0.45, 0.93), P = 0.02. Manual workers had increased risk of poor performance compared with those with an occupation classified as inactive. Inactivity during leisure time was associated with increased risk of poor performance in the cross-sectional analyses only.

Conclusions
The relationship between inactivity and cognition is strongly confounded by education, social class and occupation. Physical activity during leisure may be protective for cognition, but work-related physical activity is not protective. A greater understanding of the mechanisms and confounding underlying these paradoxical findings is needed.
Breakdown of Regularity of Scattering for Mass-Subcritical NLS
Authors: Lee Gyu Eun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We study the scattering problem for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation $i\partial _t u + \Delta u = |u|^p u$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\geq 1$, with a mass-subcritical nonlinearity above the Strauss exponent. For this equation, it is known that asymptotic completeness in $L^2$ with initial data in $\Sigma$ holds and the wave operator is well defined on $\Sigma$. We show that there exists $0&lt;\beta &lt;p$ such that the wave operator and the data-to-scattering-state map do not admit extensions to maps $L^2\to L^2$ of class $C^{1+\beta }$ near the origin. This constitutes a mild form of ill-posedness for the scattering problem in the $L^2$ topology.
Relationships Between Measures of Malaria at Delivery and Adverse Birth Outcomes in a High-Transmission Area of Uganda
Authors: Ategeka John , Kakuru Abel , Kajubi Richard , Wasswa Razack , Ochokoru Harriet , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , Yeka Adoke , Jagannathan Prasanna , Kamya Moses R , Muehlenbachs Atis , Chico R Matthew , Dorsey Grant 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Clinical trials of interventions for preventing malaria in pregnancy often use measures of malaria at delivery as their primary outcome. Although the objective of these interventions is to improve birth outcomes, data on associations between different measures of malaria at delivery and adverse birth outcomes are limited.

Methods
Data came from 637 Ugandan women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy. Malaria at delivery was detected using peripheral and placental blood microscopy, placental blood loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and placental histopathology. Multivariate analyses were used to estimate associations between measures of malaria at delivery and risks of low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and preterm birth (PTB).

Results
Detection of malaria parasites by microscopy or LAMP was not associated with adverse birth outcomes. Presence of malaria pigment detected by histopathology in ≥30% of high-powered fields was strongly associated with LBW (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 3.42, P = .02) and SGA (aRR = 4.24, P &lt; .001) but not PTB (aRR = 0.88, P = .87).

Conclusions
A semiquantitative classification system based on histopathologically detected malaria pigment provided the best surrogate measure of adverse birth outcomes in a high-transmission setting and should be considered for use in malaria in pregnancy intervention studies.
Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA Testing in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Value Proposition
Authors: Oellerich Michael , Christenson Robert H , Beck Julia , Schütz Ekkehard , Sherwood Karen , Price Christopher P , Keown Paul A , Walson Philip D 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need to improve personalized immunosuppression in organ transplantation to reduce premature graft loss. More efficient biomarkers are needed to better detect rejection, asymptomatic graft injury, and under-immunosuppression. Assessment of minimal necessary exposure to guide tapering and to prevent immune activation is also important. Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) has become available for comprehensive monitoring of allograft integrity. A value proposition concept was applied to assess the potential benefits of dd-cfDNA to stakeholders (patient, transplant physician, laboratory medicine specialist, hospital management, insurance companies) involved in solid organ transplantation care.ContentThere is robust clinical evidence from more than 48 published studies supporting the role of dd-cfDNA for monitoring graft integrity and detection or exclusion of rejection. The value proposition framework was used to evaluate published key evidence regarding clinical validity, economic implications, and limitations of this approach. It has been shown that dd-cfDNA testing is essential for guiding earlier transplant injury intervention with potential for improved long-term outcome.SummaryMonitoring dd-cfDNA offers a rapid and reproducible method to detect graft injuries at an early actionable stage without protocol biopsies and allows for more effective personalized immunosuppression. The appropriate use of dd-cfDNA testing can provide both clinical and economic benefits to all transplantation stakeholders.
The impact of mental health disorders on outcomes following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Dick Alastair G , Smith Christian , Bankes Marcus J K , George Marc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI) has been shown to be beneficial in the short- to medium-term though outcomes vary between individuals. Multiple factors have been suggested to affect outcomes including pre-operative mental health disorders. We undertook a systematic review to assess the evidence relating to the effect of pre-existing mental health disorders on the outcomes following hip arthroscopy for FAI. Following PRISMA guidelines, a multi-database search was undertaken using three key concepts: ‘mental health’, ‘FAI’ and ‘hip arthroscopy’. Results were screened and data extracted from relevant studies. A total of six studies met the inclusion criteria including 2248 hips, all published between 2017 and 2019. All studies were of evidence level III or IV with reasonable methodological quality. One study demonstrated pre-operative depression to be related to altered pain reduction in the short-term following surgery. Three studies reported inferior outcomes in the medium-term (1–2 years) in those with worse mental health. One study demonstrated an increased risk of persistent pain 2 years following surgery and one a reduced chance of returning to active military service following surgery in those with worse mental health. Despite inferior outcomes individuals with mental health disorders did still benefit from surgery in general. In conclusion, the presence of pre-existing poor mental health is associated with inferior outcomes in the medium-term following arthroscopic surgery for FAI. Surgeons should consider screening patients for mental health disorders before surgery and counselling them appropriately as to the potential for less satisfactory surgical outcomes.
Organoid technology for tissue engineering
Authors: He Juan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Xia Xinyi , Han Ming , Li Fei , Li Chunfeng , Li Yunguang , Gao Dong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
For centuries, attempts have been continuously made to artificially reconstitute counterparts of in vivo organs from their tissues or cells. Only in the recent decade has organoid technology as a whole technological field systematically emerged and been shown to play important roles in tissue engineering. Based on their self-organizing capacities, stem cells of versatile organs, both harvested and induced, can form 3D structures that are structurally and functionally similar to their in vivo counterparts. These organoid models provide a powerful platform for elucidating the development mechanisms, modeling diseases, and screening drug candidates. In this review, we will summarize the advances of this technology for generating various organoids of tissues from the three germ layers and discuss their drawbacks and prospects for tissue engineering.
Analytical Shortcuts in EU Competition Enforcement: Proxies, Premises, and Presumptions
Authors: Kalintiri Andriani 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Analytical shortcuts lie at the heart of competition enforcement and have crucial implications for both substance and procedure. Nevertheless, not all of them are created equal. This point has been rather missed in competition scholarship due to the tendency to use the term ‘presumption’ in an overly expansive and ultimately inaccurate manner. Aspiring to inject some conceptual clarity in the discussion, this work proposes a taxonomy for distinguishing common analytical shortcuts in law enforcement comprising proxies, premises, and presumptions in the technical sense. With this taxonomy in mind, it then takes a closer look at their operation in EU competition enforcement in particular. As the article demonstrates, proxies, premises, and presumptions play an intricate and multilayered role in the interpretation and application of the EU antitrust and merger rules that the generic use of the term ‘presumption’ fails to adequately capture. Given their significance for the effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy of enforcement, competition authorities and courts should be conscious of their function and of their substantive and procedural implications and should use them appropriately and wisely.
Adverse Events Following Immunization With Combined vs Concurrent Monovalent Hepatitis A and Typhoid Vaccines in Children
Authors: Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Dutton Paul , Leeb Alan , Mills Deborah J , Andrews Ross , Lau Colleen L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Combined hepatitis A and typhoid vaccine is available in Australia, but licensed for use from age 16 years; however it is used “off-label” in children. The combined vaccine is well tolerated in children aged 2–16 years and the risk of adverse events is similar to those receiving concurrent monovalent vaccines.
Unexpected Short-Tandem-Repeat Patterns in Posttransplant Chimerism Testing: Investigation of 3 Cases with Help from Forensic Science
Authors: Gvozdjan Kristina , Casey Heather , Mowery Carrie , Kumer Lorie , Fisher Carolyn , Tyler Jennifer , Bayerl Mike G , Malysz Jozef , Naik Seema , Rybka Witold , Ehmann Christopher , Claxton David , Mineishi Shin , Baker Maria , Hong Zheng , Shike Hiroko 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chimerism testing by short tandem repeats (STRs) is used to monitor engraftment after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Generally, STR alleles are stable and transferred from parent to child or from donor to recipient. However, 3 cases did not follow this norm. Additional work-up with help from forensic literature solved these mysteries.
In case 1, the patient received HSCT from his son. The son shared STR alleles in 22/23 loci except Penta E, which was explained by repeat expansion in the son.
In case 2, the patient had been in remission for 14 years after HSCT for lymphoma and developed repeat expansion in CSF1PO in granulocytes.
In case 3, a pre-HSCT patient demonstrated 3 alleles, with 2 peaks taller than the third, in the FGA locus (chromosome 4). A combination of a triallelic variant and leukemia-associated trisomy 4 explained the finding. STR number variants are rare and clinically inconsequential but can overlap malignancy-associated, clinically significant changes.
Acting Christ: The Christocentric Exemplarism of Gerard Manley Hopkins
Authors: Beasley Brett 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Critics and biographers have long expressed misgivings about Gerard Manley Hopkins’ ethical perspective. Characterising him as overly ‘morbid’ or ‘scrupulous’, they present his moral preoccupations as injurious to his imagination. Here I offer a fuller, more sympathetic account of Hopkins’ moral theology, showing three key ways that morality not only harmonises with but actually provides a central, productive focus in his works. Drawing upon the recent work of Linda Zagzebski, I characterise Hopkins as a Christocentric moral exemplarist, one who prioritises persons over principles, finds motivation in the emotion of admiration, and understands all moral acts as acts of emulation.
New horizons of digital literary criticism
Authors: Younis Eman 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Digital literature has undoubtedly brought about many changes to the literary system and has re-established our understanding of many concepts related therein, including how we conceptualize the reader, the author, and the text. Therefore, it is only natural for a change to also be brought about in our conceptualization of the critic who addresses this literature, and, consequently, the concept of literary criticism itself. Based on the above, this study aims to shed light on the new perspectives presented by digital literature in the field of criticism by exploring the critical process and suggesting new terminologies that can describe this criticism. This study is based on a previous study written by myself and my colleague, which was published in a book entitled Al-tafāʿil al-fannī al-adabī fī al-shiʿir al-raqamī: qaṣīdah ‘shajar al-Būghāz’ namūdajan (Artistic Literary Interaction in Digital Poetry: The Būghāz Tree, 2015). That said, the present study differs from the previous study in that the previous study aimed to uncover the digital aesthetics of the poem and therefore focuses on the end result of the criticism, while the present work aims to uncover digital criticism perspectives. Consequently, the present study focuses on the critical process itself, which shall be discussed below. The distinctiveness of our research lies in its focus on the interactive critical process in Arabic digital literature in order to delve into the horizons of digital criticism.
The generalized orthomodularity property: configurations and pastings
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Fazio Davide , Ledda Antonio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a generalization of the notion of orthomodularity for posets to the concept of the generalized orthomodularity property (GO-property) by considering the $LU$-operators. This seemingly mild generalization of orthomodular posets and its order theoretical analysis yield rather strong application to effect algebras and orthomodular structures. Also, for several classes of orthoalgebras, the GO-property yields a completely order-theoretical characterization of the coherence law, and, in turn, of proper orthoalgebras.