bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and monitoring of ‘Candidatus’ Liberibacter spp. vectors: African citrus triozid Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in citrus groves in East Africa
Authors: Aidoo Owusu F. , Tanga Chrysantus M. , Mohamed Samira A. , Khamis Fathiya M. , Baleba Steve B. S. , Rasowo Brenda A. , Ambajo Joseph , Sétamou Mamoudou , Ekesi Sunday , Borgemeister Christian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The African citrus triozid (ACT) Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae) are primary vectors of the ‘Candidatus’ Liberibacter spp. ACT is associated with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter africanus’ (CLaf) causal agent of the African citrus greening disease (ACGD), whereas ACP vectors ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter americanus’ (CLam), the Asian and the American strains, respectively, associated with huanglongbing.
A preliminary survey in Kenyan citrus groves after the invasion of ACP had revealed that lime‐green sticky traps (Asacp) were not effective in detecting and monitoring ACT and ACP. Therefore, this study compared eight differently coloured double‐sided sticky traps to evaluate, which colour was most effective for detecting ACT and ACP, particularly at low densities. The traps were coded Red, Blue, Asgreen1, GLMgreen, Asacp, Asyellow, White, and Black.
Asyellow and GLMgreen traps captured more ACTs and ACPs than any other trap type. However, since there was no clear difference in the efficiency of Asyellow and GLMgreen in trapping ACP, any of the two trap types would be useful in the presence of both pests.
Among the eight traps, Asyellow and GLMgreen traps are potentially promising options for monitoring and detecting the pests in areas where they coexist.
Our findings will guide biosecurity agencies in decision‐making and designing ecologically friendly integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for citrus greening vectors in Africa as well as serve as an early warning to safeguard against pests' invasion into unaffected areas.
Wide QRS‐T angles are associated with markers of increased inflammatory activity independently of hypertension and diabetes
Authors: Sandstedt Mikael , Bergfeldt Lennart , Sandstedt Joakim , Lundqvist Annika , Fryk Emanuel , Jansson Per‐Anders , Bergström Göran , Mattsson Hultén Lillemor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWide QRS‐T angles and inflammatory activity are markers of future cardiovascular events including sudden cardiac death (SCD). The association between wide QRS‐T angles and inflammatory activation is however not fully understood.Methods1,094 study participants of both sexes, 50–64 years old, were included from a randomly selected population‐based cohort as a part of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) pilot study. Serum samples were analyzed for markers of inflammation, cardiac wall stress/injury, and the metabolic syndrome. Wide QRS‐T angles were defined using Frank vectorcardiography. Variables were analyzed through unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) as well as Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures (OPLS) modeling. In addition, a subset of study participants was analyzed in a post hoc matched group design.ResultsWide QRS‐T angles correlated positively with markers of inflammation, cardiac wall stress/injury, the metabolic syndrome, and male sex in both PCA and OPLS models. In the matched post hoc analysis, participants with wide QRS‐T angles had significantly higher counts of white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils in comparison with matched controls. WBC as well as the number of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and levels of C‐reactive protein, IL‐1, IL‐4, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and NT‐pro‐BNP were also significantly higher in comparison with healthy controls.ConclusionsMarkers of inflammatory activation and cardiac injury/wall stress were significantly higher in the presence of wide QRS‐T angles. These results corroborate an association between abnormal electrophysiological function and inflammatory activation and may have implications for the prediction of SCD.
Perinatal and perioperative factors associated with mortality and an increased need for hospital care in infants with transposition of the great arteries: A nationwide 11‐year population‐based cohort
Authors: Hautala Johanna , Gissler Mika , Ritvanen Annukka , Helle Emmi , Pihkala Jaana , Mattila Ilkka P. , Pätilä Tommi , Salminen Jukka , Puntila Juha , Jokinen Eero , Räsänen Juha , Vahlberg Tero , Ojala Tiina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionNewborn infants with transposition of the great arteries (d‐TGA) need immediate care for an optimal outcome. This study comprised a nationwide 11‐year population‐based cohort of d‐TGA infants, and assessed whether the implementation of a nationwide systematic fetal screening program, or other perinatal, or perioperative factors, are associated with mortality or an increased need for hospital care.Material and methodsThe national cohort consisted of all live‐born infants with simple d‐TGA (TGA ± small ventricular septal defect, n = 127) born in Finland during 2004‐2014. Data were collected from six national registries. Prenatal diagnosis and perinatal and perioperative factors associated with mortality and length of hospitalization were evaluated.ResultsPreoperative mortality was 7.9%, and the total mortality was 8.7%. The prenatal detection rate increased after introducing systematic fetal anomaly screening from 5.0% to 37.7% during the study period (P < .0001), but the total mortality rate remained unchanged. All prenatally diagnosed infants (n = 27) survived. Lower gestational age (odds ratio 0.68, P = .012) and higher maternal age at birth (odds ratio 1.16, P = .036) were associated with increased mortality in multivariable analysis. Older infant age at time of operation (P = .002), longer aortic clamp time (P < .001), and higher maternal body mass index (P = .027) were associated with longer initial hospital stay. An extended need for hospital care during the first year of life was multi‐factorial.ConclusionsIn our cohort, none of the prenatally diagnosed d‐TGA infants died. As a result of the limited prenatal detection rates, however, the sample size was insufficient to reach statistical significance. The d‐TGA infants born with lower gestational age and to older mothers had increased mortality.
Long‐term vegetation changes in Nardus grasslands indicate eutrophication, recovery from acidification, and management change as the main drivers
Authors: Peppler‐Lisbach Cord , Stanik Nils , Könitz Natali , Rosenthal Gert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuestionsWhich trends and patterns of community change occurred in Nardus grasslands over recent decades in parts of the Continental biogeographic region of Germany? Are patterns and trends consistent across two study regions? Do impacts of environmental changes on Nardus grasslands in Central Europe correspond to those identified in the European Atlantic biogeographic region?LocationEast Hesse Highlands, Germany.MethodsIn 2012–2015, we re‐surveyed quasi‐permanent plots that had been initially surveyed between 1971 and 1987, and re‐measured soil parameters. We tested for differences in species frequency and cover, mean Ellenberg indicator values, species richness, and soil variables. Nitrogen and sulphur deposition data were analysed to evaluate possible effects of atmospheric pollutants. We used regression and redundancy analyses to identify environmental drivers responsible for changes in species composition.ResultsAcross regions, we found significant increases in soil pH, Ellenberg R and N indicator values, plant nutrient indicators, forbs, species of agricultural grasslands and of fallows. By contrast, the C:N ratio, Nardus grassland specialists, low‐nutrient indicators, and graminoids declined. Changes in species composition were related to changes in pH and management. There was a strong decrease in sulphur and a moderate increase in nitrogen deposition, whose local‐scale pattern did not correlate with changes in soil parameters. However, there was an effect of local NHy changes on species composition.ConclusionsThe findings indicate significant overall eutrophication, a trend towards less acidic conditions and insufficient management, which are widely consistent across our study regions and correspond to recent reports of vegetation changes and recovery from acidification in the Atlantic biogeographic region. We assume the reduced sulphur deposition during recent decades to be a major driver of these changes, combined with increased nitrogen deposition and reduced management intensity. This suggests a large‐scale validity of processes that influenced changes in Nardus grasslands of Western and Central Europe.
Nonparametric analysis of nonhomogeneous multistate processes with clustered observations
Authors: Bakoyannis Giorgos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFrequently, clinical trials and observational studies involve complex event history data with multiple events. When the observations are independent, the analysis of such studies can be based on standard methods for multistate models. However, the independence assumption is often violated, such as in multicenter studies, which makes standard methods improper. This work addresses the issue of nonparametric estimation and two‐sample testing for the population‐averaged transition and state occupation probabilities under general multistate models with cluster‐correlated, right‐censored, and/or left‐truncated observations. The proposed methods do not impose assumptions regarding the within‐cluster dependence, allow for informative cluster size, and are applicable to both Markov and non‐Markov processes. Using empirical process theory, the estimators are shown to be uniformly consistent and to converge weakly to tight Gaussian processes. Closed‐form variance estimators are derived, rigorous methodology for the calculation of simultaneous confidence bands is proposed, and the asymptotic properties of the nonparametric tests are established. Furthermore, I provide theoretical arguments for the validity of the nonparametric cluster bootstrap, which can be readily implemented in practice regardless of how complex the underlying multistate model is. Simulation studies show that the performance of the proposed methods is good, and that methods that ignore the within‐cluster dependence can lead to invalid inferences. Finally, the methods are illustrated using data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
Blood component use in critical care in patients with COVID‐19 infection: a single‐centre experience
Authors: Doyle Andrew J. , Danaee Anicee , Furtado Charlene I. , Miller Scott , Maggs Tim , Robinson Susan E. , Retter Andrew 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThere has been a significant surge in admissions to critical care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. At present, the demands on blood components have not been described. We reviewed their use during the first 6 weeks of the outbreak from 3 March 2020 in a tertiary‐level critical care department providing venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv‐ECMO). A total of 265 patients were reviewed, with 235 not requiring ECMO and 30 requiring vv‐ECMO. In total, 50 patients required blood components during their critical care admission. Red cell concentrates were the most frequently transfused component in COVID‐19‐infected patients with higher rates of use during vv‐ECMO. The use of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and platelet transfusions was low in a period prior to the use of convalescent plasma.
Biology and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes
Authors: Xunian Zhou , Kalluri Raghu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stromal cells with the potential to differentiate into several cell types. MSC‐based therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for various diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the paracrine effects of MSC are partially exerted by the secretion of soluble factors, in particular exosomes. MSC‐derived exosomes are involved in intercellular communication through transfer of proteins, RNA, DNA and bioactive lipids, which might constitute a novel intercellular communication mode. This review illustrates the current knowledge on the composition and biological functions as well as the therapeutic potential of MSC‐derived exosomes in cancer, with a focus on clinical translation opportunities.
Report of the use of patient‐derived xenograft models in the development of anticancer drugs in Japan
Authors: Tsumura Ryo , Koga Yoshikatsu , Hamada Akinobu , Kuwata Takeshi , Sasaki Hiroki , Doi Toshihiko , Aikawa Katsuji , Ohashi Akihiro , Katano Ikumi , Ikarashi Yoshinori , Ito Mamoru , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCell line‐derived xenograft (CDX) models created by implanting cancer cell lines into immunodeficient mice have contributed largely to the development of cancer drug therapies. However, cell lines often lose their original biological characteristics through many passages and cancer tissues in CDX models have many cancer cells and few cancer stromal cells, therefore CDX models are currently considered not suitable for predicting the results of clinical studies. Conversely, patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models are gaining importance, as human cancer biological characteristics and microenvironments are recreated by implanting tumor tissue into immunodeficient mice. These highly expected, evidently beneficial PDX models have been used in some basic research and are becoming more generalized. However, quality control and quality assurance criteria have not been established for them, and challenges and problems in the utilization of valuable PDX models in drug development have yet to be clarified. In this report, we conducted a questionnaire survey among researchers in Japanese academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies to understand the current status of PDX models in Japan. Based on the questionnaire results, we summarized the situations surrounding respondent's utilization and quality control in the development of anticancer drugs and proposed several measures to facilitate the utilization of PDX models in the development of anticancer drugs.
Parent‐specific effects on risk of developing allergic sensitization and asthma in childhood
Authors: Schoos Ann‐Marie Malby , Hansen Britta Randi , Stokholm Jakob , Chawes Bo Lund , Bønnelykke Klaus , Bisgaard Hans 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundParent's history of atopic traits increases the risk of the same traits in their children, but mother's history may confer an increased risk compared to father's history.ObjectiveTo investigate parent‐specific effects on risk of developing allergic sensitization and asthma in childhood.MethodsWe included 685 parent‐child trios from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010) cohort. Parent's asthma was assessed by structured interviews and child's asthma was diagnosed prospectively at regular visits to the COPSAC clinic until age 6. Specific IgE and total IgE levels were measured in parents and children by age 0.5, 1.5 and 6 years. Associations between parent and child disease traits were analyzed using general estimating equations model adjusted for breastfeeding and maternal smoking during 3rd trimester.ResultsMaternal compared to paternal elevated specific IgE increased the child's risk of elevated specific IgE from 0‐6 years: adjusted odds ratio (aOR)mother = 1.49 [1.09‐2.03], P = .01 and aORfather = 1.32 [0.96‐1.82], P = .08. Maternal elevated total IgE also increased the child's risk of elevated total IgE: adjusted relative risk (aOR)mother = 4.32 [1.51‐10.8], P < .01, while a trend was observed for paternal total IgE: aORfather = 2.01 [0.76‐4.82], P = .13. Individual time point analyses showed that the maternal effect was strongest in early life, whereas the parental effects were comparable by age 6. A similar parent‐specific pattern was observed for the child's risk of asthma.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe effect of mother's history of atopic traits on the child's risk of developing the same traits in early childhood was stronger than the effect from father's history, which was not evident before age 6. This suggests that maternal non‐genetic factors seem to confer an added disease risk to the child, particularly in early life.
Hemophilia gene therapy—New country initiatives
Authors: Reiss Ulrike M. , Zhang Lei , Ohmori Tsukasa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGene therapy is an opportunity for haemophilia patients to receive a one‐time treatment and have lasting factor levels for years or decades instead of dependence on repeated administration within short intervals and on sustained supply of drug. Great strides have been made in the development of gene therapy for haemophilia in the last decade. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector–mediated gene transfer in haemophilia A and B has entered the phase III trial stage. Gene transfer by lentiviral vector or gene editing technologies using factor VIII (FVIII) or IX (FIX) genes are now entering clinical evaluation. It is expected that the first FVIII and FIX gene therapy products will soon be approved and distributed in major markets. Global access to gene therapy is a critical goal. This review presents new and ongoing efforts towards this goal in countries other than North America and Europe. In Japan, researchers, regulators and funders have established a promising gene therapy development platform for multiple diseases including haemophilia. Decades of scientific and clinical research in haemophilia gene therapy in China have led to a recently registered clinical trial of AAV‐mediated gene therapy for haemophilia B. Other countries are in earlier phases of building gene therapy programmes or participate in international trials. A phase 2 feasibility trial of AAV‐mediated FIX gene therapy in low‐ and middle‐income countries aims to demonstrate that gene therapy could become available in resource‐constrained socio‐economic settings. The different strategies for establishing gene therapy provide opportunities for closing the global gap in haemophilia care.
Lung, breast and bowel cancer treatment for Aboriginal people in New South Wales: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Fitzadam Suzanne , Lin Enmoore , Creighton Nicola , Currow David C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAboriginal Australians have higher cancer mortality than non‐Aboriginal Australians. Lower rates of cancer treatment among Aboriginal people can contribute to this.AimsTo investigate demographic, clinical and access factors associated with lung, breast and bowel cancer treatment for Aboriginal people compared with non‐Aboriginal people in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort study using linked routinely collected datasets, including all diagnoses of primary lung, breast or bowel cancer from January 2009 to June 2012. Treatment (surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy) within 6 months from diagnosis was measured. Access was measured using minimum distance to radiotherapy or hospital with a cancer‐specific multidisciplinary team, visit to a specialist and possession of private health insurance. Logistic regression modelling was employed.ResultsThere were 587 Aboriginal and 34 015 non‐Aboriginal people diagnosed with cancer. For lung cancer, significantly fewer Aboriginal than non‐Aboriginal people received surgery (odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.29–0.73, P < 0.001) or any treatment (surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy; odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.47–0.88, P = 0.006) after adjusting for sex, age, disease extent and comorbidities. They were less likely to have an attendance with a surgeon (27.0%, 62/230 vs 33.3%, 2865/8597, P = 0.04) compared with non‐Aboriginal people. There were no significant differences in cancer treatment for Aboriginal people compared with non‐Aboriginal people for breast or bowel cancers after adjusting for patient sex, age, disease extent and comorbidities.ConclusionAboriginal people were significantly less likely to receive surgery for lung cancer than non‐Aboriginal people and had fewer attendances with a surgeon, suggesting a need to strengthen referral pathways.
The battle for iron in enteric infections
Authors: Sousa Gerós Ana , Simmons Alison , Drakesmith Hal , Aulicino Anna , Frost Joe N. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIron is an essential element for almost all living organisms, but can be extremely toxic in high concentrations. All organisms must therefore employ homeostatic mechanisms to finely regulate iron uptake, usage and storage in the face of dynamic environmental conditions. The critical step in mammalian systemic iron homeostasis is the fine regulation of dietary iron absorption. However, as the gastrointestinal system is also home to >1014 bacteria, all of which engage in their own programmes of iron homeostasis, the gut represents an anatomical location where the inter‐kingdom fight for iron is never‐ending. Here, we explore the molecular mechanisms of, and interactions between, host and bacterial iron homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. We first detail how mammalian systemic and cellular iron homeostasis influences gastrointestinal iron availability. We then focus on two important human pathogens, Salmonella and Clostridia; despite their differences, they exemplify how a bacterial pathogen must navigate and exploit this web of iron homeostasis interactions to avoid host nutritional immunity and replicate successfully. We then reciprocally explore how iron availability interacts with the gastrointestinal microbiota, and the consequences of this on mammalian physiology and pathogen iron acquisition. Finally, we address how understanding the battle for iron in the gastrointestinal tract might inform clinical practice and inspire new treatments for important diseases.
Systematic profiling of ACE2 expression in diverse physiological and pathological conditions for COVID‐19/SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Li Yunjin , Xu Qiyue , Ma Lu , Wu Duojiao , Gao Jie , Chen Geng , Li Hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent retrospective studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) disease (COVID‐19) revealed that the patients with common comorbidities of cancers and chronic diseases face significantly poorer clinical outcomes than those without. Since the expression profile of ACE2, a crucial cell entry receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2, could indicate the susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, here we systematically dissected ACE2 expression using large‐scale multi‐omics data from 30 organs/tissues, 33 cancer types and some common chronic diseases involving >28 000 samples. It was found that sex and age could be correlated with the susceptibility of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection for certain tissues. Strikingly, ACE2 was up‐regulated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, oesophageal carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma compared to controls. Furthermore, the patients with common chronic diseases regarding angiocardiopathy, type 2 diabetes, liver, pneumonia and hypertension were also with higher ACE2 expression compared to related controls, which were validated using independent data sets. Collectively, our study may reveal a novel important mechanism that the patients with certain cancers and chronic diseases may express higher ACE2 expression compared to the individuals without diseases, which could lead to their higher susceptibility to multi‐organ injury of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.