bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer-Assisted Virtual Preoperative Planning for the Treatment of Pilon Fractures
Authors: Jia Xiaoyang , Zhang Kun , Qiang Minfei , Jia Gengxin , Shi Tianhao , Han Qinghui , Wu Ying , Chen Yanxi 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Preoperative planning is critical for the operative management of any fracture. Unfortunately, conventional planning methods for pilon fractures have not yielded satisfactory results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the outcomes of surgically treated pilon fractures could be improved with computer-assisted preoperative planning.

Methods:
Between January 2010 and December 2019, 611 East Asian patients (≥18 years old) with a pilon fracture were identified. After 107 patients were excluded, the final cohort comprised 504 patients: 294 received conventional planning and 210 received computer-assisted preoperative planning. The primary outcome measure was the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) at 12 months. The secondary outcomes were lower-limb function, pain, quality of life, quality of fracture reduction, and complications related to soft-tissue and bone healing. Propensity score matching for 20 baseline characteristics yielded 204 patient pairs.

Results:
In the entire cohort of 504 patients, the median age was 41 years (interquartile range, 37 to 46 years) and 375 patients (74.4%) were male. After matching (408 patients; 204 patients in each cohort), patients who received computer-assisted preoperative planning had a better mean OMAS value at 12 months (80.3 points [95% CI, 79.5 to 81.1]) than patients for whom the conventional planning method was used (73.2 points [95% CI, 72.5 to 74.0]; mean difference, −7.1 points [95% CI, −8.2 to −6.0]; p < 0.001). Similarly, better outcomes were observed for lower-limb function, pain, quality of life, and reduction quality in the computer-assisted planning group. Patients who received computer-assisted planning had a lower rate of soft-tissue complications (9.3% [19 of 204 patients]) than patients who received conventional planning (18.6% [38 of 204 patients]; absolute rate difference, −9.3% [95% CI, −16.1% to −2.6%]; relative risk, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.81]; p = 0.008), but a significant difference was not found with respect to bone-healing complications.

Conclusions:
In patients with a pilon fracture, the use of computer-assisted preoperative planning yielded better functional and radiographic outcomes and a lower rate of soft-tissue complications compared with the use of conventional planning methods.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities
Authors: Choi Seou , Salamin Yannick , Roques-Carmes Charles , Sloan Jamison , Horodynski Michael , Soljačić Marin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Observing non-classical properties of light is a long-standing interest to advance a wide range of quantum application from computing to metrology. Optical cavities are essential to generate and manipulate non-classical light. However, detecting changes in cavity properties induced by the quantum state remains a critical challenge in the optical domain due to the weak material nonlinearity, limiting our ability to observe quantum states generated in optical cavities. Here, we propose a framework for observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities. We utilize symmetry-breaking to obtain high sensitivity to small perturbations introduced to the quantum state, resulting in an asymmetric equilibrium of a macroscopic observable. With a nonlinear response at the single photon level, our approach directly imprints the field distribution of the cavity quantum state onto the statistics of bistable cavity steady-states. We experimentally demonstrate our approach in a degenerate optical parametric oscillator, generating and reconstructing the quasi-probability distribution of different quantum states. As a validation, we reconstruct the Husimi Q function of the cavity squeezed vacuum state. In addition, we observe the evolution of the quantum vacuum state inside the cavity as it undergoes phase-sensitive amplification. By enabling generation and measurement of quantum states in a single nonlinear optical cavity, our method paves a way for studying exotic dynamics of quantum optical states in nonlinear driven-dissipative systems such as soliton generation and Kerr frequency combs.
RECKLEEN: a lambda Red/CRISPR-Cas9 based single plasmid platform for fast, efficient, markerless, and scarless genome editing in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Becker Anke , Elsayed Eslam , Stukenberg Daniel , Schmeck Bernd 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) has evolved as a major public health threat due to its multidrug-resistance (MDR) and hypervirulence. Current genome-editing tools for Kp are constrained by cumbersome workflows, low flexibility, and limited scalability. Here, we present the RECKLEEN system —Recombineering/CRISPR-based KLebsiella Engineering for Efficient Nucleotide editing — as a single plasmid platform designed for precise genetic manipulation of Kp. RECKLEEN combines lambda Red recombineering with powerful CRISPR-Cas9-based targeted counterselection, achieving up to 99.998% killing efficiency. By implementing the near PAM-less SpG Cas9 variant in RECKLEEN, the compatible target sequence spectrum was significantly broadened. This approach enables deletions, point mutations, and DNA integrations, with efficiencies reaching 100% of the counter-selected clones. Simultaneous multi-target deletions were accomplished with up to 72% efficiency. To streamline the process, we developed a toolbox of eleven plasmids based on a modular cloning standard, enabling time- and resource-efficient assembly of editing constructs. This allows a 5-days workflow, from plasmid construction to the generation of strains with the desired genetic modification(s). The efficacy of RECKLEEN extends to various MDR Kp strains, such as ATCC 700721, ATCC BAA-1705, and ATCC 700603, demonstrating its broad applicability. RECKLEEN significantly enhances genome-editing capabilities for Kp, advancing research into its pathology and MDR mechanisms.
Ultralow-temperature ultrafast formation of single-crystalline graphene via metal-assisted graphitization of silicon-carbide
Authors: Kum Hyun , Lee Taehoon , Kim Sungkyu , Park Hongsik , Chung Roy , Kim Se , Lee Han , Kim Dong , Kim Dong , Kim Seug , Yang Hyun , Jang Yun , Yoon Jang , Kim Hyun , Ha Seo , Lee Byoung , Lee Jung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Non-conventional epitaxial techniques, such as van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) and remote epitaxy, have attracted substantial attention in the semiconductor research community for their exceptional capability to continuously produce high-quality free-standing films on a single mother wafer without needing surface refurbishment. The successful implementation of these emerging epitaxial techniques crucially hinges on creating a robust uniform two-dimensional (2D) material surface at the wafer-scale and with atomically precise uniformity. The conventional method for fabricating graphene on a silicon carbide (SiC) wafer is through high-temperature graphitization, which produces epitaxial graphene on the surface of the SiC wafer. However, the extremely high temperature needed for silicon sublimation (typically above 1500°C) causes step-bunching of the SiC surface in addition to the growth of uneven graphene at the edges of the step, leading to multilayer graphene stripes and unfavorable surface morphology for epitaxial growth. Here, we fully develop a graphitization technique that allows fast synthesis of single-crystalline graphene at ultra-low temperatures (growth time of less than 1 minute and growth temperature of less than 500°C) at wafer-scale by metal-assisted graphitization (MAG). We found annealing conditions that enable SiC dissociation while avoiding silicide formation, which produces single-crystalline graphene while maintaining atomically smooth surface morphology. The thickness of the graphene layer can be precisely controlled by varying the metal thickness or annealing temperature, allowing the substrate to be utilized for either a remote epitaxial growth substrate or a vdWE growth substrate, depending on the thickness of the graphene. We successfully produce freestanding single-crystalline ultra-wide bandgap (AlN, GaN) films on graphene/SiC via the 2D material-based layer transfer (2DLT) technique. The exfoliated films exhibit high crystallinity and low defect densities. Our results show that low-temperature graphene synthesis via MAG represents a promising route for the commercialization of the 2D-based epitaxy technique, enabling the production of large-scale ultra-wide bandgap free-standing crystalline membranes.
Cell atlas of human psoriasis and epidermal specific Ube2l3 deficiency mouse highlighting CXCL16/CXCR6 orchestrating the development of psoriasis
Authors: Man Xiao-Yong , Chen Xue-Yan , Ye Li-Ran , Fu Ni-Chang , Chen Si-Qi , Yan Bing-Xi , Zheng Yu-Xin , Chen Xi-Bei , Zhou Yuan , Lv Ming-Yue , Cui Ying-zhe , Xu Fan , Zheng Min 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic, complex immune-mediated inflammatory disorder with cutaneous and systemic manifestations in which keratinocytes, dendritic cells and T cells have central roles. UBE2L3 may be a protective biomarker that regulates the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Here, we identified the IL-17A signaling similarity between human psoriatic skin and Ube2l3 conditional knockout mouse skin in the epidermis rather than dermis. IL-17A was regulated by CXCR6+ Vγ2+ γδT in mouse while CXCR6+ CD8+ T in human. CXCL16 is the only chemokines whose bind to stimulate CXCR6. Ube2l3 reduction in keratinocytes activated IL-1β and then promote CXCL16 expression through STAT3 signaling. Up-regulated CXCL16 in keratinocytes and cDC2/mDC then attracted Vγ2+ γδT17 or CD8+ T to secrete IL-17A and form a positive feedback loop in keratinocytes supporting psoriatic lesion. Thus, UBE2L3 is a keratinocyte-intrinsic suppressor of epidermal IL-17 production in Vγ2+ γδT in mouse and CD8+ T in human through CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathway in psoriasis.
Clinicopathological Findings of Infectious Bursal Disease in Poultry Farm in Jigjiga, Somali State, Ethiopia: A Case Report
Authors: Hassan Yahia Y. , mohomed Ahmed Abdi , mohamed Abdimalik Hussein 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Gumboro disease is a viral disease that affects. young chicks and causes immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to subsequent infections. It is acute, highly contagious, and economically significant. The clinicopathological results of infectious bursal disease at a poultry farm in Qumadaha, Jigjiga, Ethiopia, are described in this case report. At first, 200 two-month-old chicks were kept on the farm under ideal management circumstances. Several of the hens showed clinical indications such depression, decreased intake of feed and water, vent picking, white watery diarrhoea, ruffled feathers, trembling, and unwillingness to walk. By the time the outbreak was detected, 17 chickens had perished in a single day. Muscular haemorrhages in the thighs and breast, cheesy lumps in the bursae lumen, and enlarged and oedematous bursae were all discovered during post-mortem investigations. Aminogrow WS (100g per 400 litres of drinking water for 3–5 days) was used to boost immunity, while enrofloxacin (Ashienro 10%) oral suspension (1 ml per litre of drinking water for 5 days in a row) was utilised to combat secondary bacterial infections in order to control the outbreak. Strict biosecurity procedures, such as separating sick birds, keeping enough ventilation, minimising overcrowding, and utilising all-in/all-out management, were also recommended to the owner.
Capital Spending, Environmental Factor and Financial Performance: Insights from Sensitive Sector
Authors: KULKA G SRINIVAS 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This research examines how environmental factors affect the capital spending and financial performance of energy stocks within the S&P 500.We evaluated data from 22 energy companies in the US S&P 500 over a nine-year span ie from 2015–2023, employing panel data analysis with 796 observations. Environmental factors (EDS) and capital expenditures are considered independent variables to assess their impact on the relationships analyzed. In this research, the market value (MV) is the dependent variable, shaped by additional elements within the study. We have used of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is implemented to assess the indicated linkages. The results demonstrate significant positive correlations between capital expenditure and both environmental factors and market value. Although no direct link between environmental factors and revenue was identified, capital expenditure and enterprise disclosure scores showed a positive significance. Additionally, the Environmental Disclosure Score negatively impacted sales revenue This investigation enriches the available knowledge on ESG influences and the effectiveness of energy enterprises by underlining the importance of financial outlay in this vital area. It challenges the conventional perspective of environmental factors as isolated variables and proposes a potential positive effect on financial performance. The findings suggest that policymakers can promote sustainable practices by monitoring capital expenditure and enhancing market value. Investors may leverage this knowledge to make better-informed decisions regarding firms dedicated to spending. Energy companies can enhance their market value by prioritizing environmental initiatives.
Comparative analysis of natural background spectrum acquired by unshielded
NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors
Authors: N Chitra , K.S. Briteena , Parthasarathy Kothai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In the field of gamma spectroscopy, the NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors hold special places and both are unique in their own ways catering to two complimentary streams of application - High efficiency and High resolution. In the present study, NaI(Tl) detector( 3” x 3” , ORTEC make)) and HPGe detector (30%, ORTEC make) are compared. Numerous comparative studies have already been reported in literature covering different areas of application. The present study is unique in terms of analyzing their special performance feature namely the ambient background radiation measurement. The background spectrums acquired by the detectors are analyzed and the detector’s characteristic response to different gamma energies and also the different sources viz. terrestrial gammas, cosmic and scatter part are quantified.
WASH for everyone, everywhere: marketplaces as a multiplex pathway for improving inclusive access to water, sanitation, and hygiene in Vanuatu
Authors: Kotra Krishna Kumar , Souter Regina T. , Molitambe Heather , Love Mark 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for access to safe WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) practices, especially in non-household settings. This study examined the COVID response measures and WASH infrastructure and services situation in and around 14 marketplaces in three provinces in the Republic of Vanuatu during the pandemic. A total of 144 surveys and 42 interviews were undertaken with market stakeholders and government officials, including structured observations. 93% of the vendors were women, with 43% forced to change their product during COVID. 56% of vendors brought their own water containers, 40% of whom shared them with family; 16% of vendors had visible soap at their stalls. Rural market vendors were less likely to follow or observe protective measures. Six of seven rainwater at markets tested positive for Escherichia coli. Among other things, the highly gendered space of ‘marketing’ and the centrality of marketplaces to both local food security and livelihoods brings into sharp relief the multiplex and inter-connected character of WASH. Marketplaces stand as an optimal 'leverage point' for not only improving and scaling-up WASH services but also building greater WASH literacy and behavior change.
Prevalence of free-living amoebae in five rivers associated with high human activity in Tehran province, Iran
Authors: Javanmard Ehsan , Rahimi Hanieh Mohammad , Mohebali Mehdi , Rezaeian Mostafa , Alimohammadi Mahmood , Kazemirad Elham , Mirjalali Hamed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protozoa capable of enduring harsh environmental conditions. These microorganisms are commonly found in water, soil, and air and can be transmitted to humans in areas with high human activity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of FLA and their associated genotypes/species in five rivers in Tehran province, Iran. A total of 60 water samples were collected from the Jajrud, Kan, Farhzad, Darakeh, and Shadchay rivers. Samples were subjected to filtration and cultivation onto non-nutrient agar. The genera/species of FLA were characterized based on the amplification and sequencing of the specific genetic fragments. Microscopic analysis suggested the presence of trophozoites and cysts of FLA in 18/60 (30%) of samples, of which Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba sp., and Vahlkampfiidae were identified. Sequence analysis showed the presence of the genotypes T11, T4, T3, and T5 in five, five, four, and one isolates, respectively. The molecular analysis of the T4 genotype showed gene flow between the current isolates with previously described sequences. The findings suggest a clear association between environmental and clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. Therefore, scheduled monitoring of environmental waters, particularly in regions with high human activities, is highly recommended.
Non-stationarity of extreme rainfalls and its impact assessment in the northeastern part of India
Authors: Agarwal Shivam , Debbarma Nilotpal , Roy Parthajit , Choudhury Parthasarathi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the variability in extreme rainfall in northeast India using stationary and non-stationary frequency analyses. The study identified non-stationarity in the annual maximum daily rainfall time series in northeast India, and it was shown that the non-stationary models exhibited more accurate results compared to modelling the series on the assumption of stationarity. Genetic algorithm (GA) is employed as the optimization algorithm for parameter estimation in the method of maximum likelihood estimation of parameters, hereby referred to as maximum likelihood estimate (MLE)-GA. The results demonstrate better non-stationary parameter fitting using the MLE-GA approach for generalized extreme value (GEV) and Pearson Type III (PE3) distributions. The results obtained found that all the 12 rainfall stations considered in the region show significant amount of non-stationarity with values ranging from a negative impact of −31.97% to a positive impact of 38.6% for a return period of 100 years. Overall, the research findings indicate non-stationarity in the frequency analysis of extreme rainfall series to have a significant impact on the northeastern region as a whole, and non-stationary modelling is more beneficial and reliable for any water management studies under climate change in the region.
Industrial waste biochar for heavy metal and dye remediation in wastewater: an overview
Authors: Okoro Hussein K. , Emenike Ebuka Chizitere , Iwuozor Kingsley O. , Egbemhenghe Abel , Bello-Hassan Maryam Titilayo , Adu Ayokunle Olasunkanmi , Ighalo Joshua O. , Omuku Patrick E. , Adeniyi Adewale George 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The amount of waste produced by various industrial processes has increased over time as a result of the growing global population and the resulting increase in industrial production. These waste materials, which include sludge from wastewater treatment facilities and lignin-rich materials from the pulp and paper industry, contain organic compounds that can be thermochemically converted into biochar (BC), a stable carbonaceous material. This conversion not only helps reduce environmental pollution but also facilitates resource recovery. Because of its distinct qualities, the resulting BC can be used as an adsorbent to reduce contaminants in a variety of environmental media. This paper offers a concise overview of the application of BC derived from industrial waste for the treatment of heavy metals and dye-contaminated wastewater. Results indicated that the BCs were predominantly generated by pyrolysis at temperatures between 200 and 900 °C and exhibited relatively high adsorption capabilities for both heavy metal ions and dyes. The properties of the BCs, including their surface area, high porosity, morphology, and the presence of multiple functional groups, were thoroughly explored. The adsorption mechanism, the kinetics of adsorption and desorption, and the regeneration of the BC adsorbents are also covered in the work.
Response surface methodology to investigate the effects of operational parameters on membrane bioreactor
Authors: Kitanou Sarra , Tahaikt Mustapha , Taky Mohamed , Elmidaoui Azzedine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Performance modeling of wastewater treatment systems has now become an attractive area of investigation for the design, analysis, and optimization of operations. Mathematical modeling of membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment is a powerful tool for predicting effluent quality. In this study, a bioreactor coupled with a membrane filtration process (MBR) was employed to treat municipal wastewater. An experimental design based on the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effects of operating conditions, such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), aeration rate (AR), and transmembrane pressure (TMP), on the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and total nitrogen (TN). The results demonstrated a strong agreement between experimental data and model predictions. Furthermore, the RSM results display the effects of the operating parameters and their interactive effects on pollution removal. The maximum removal efficiency was achieved, exhibiting 95% of COD, 99.7% of TSS, and 93% of TN. These findings provide the effective use of statistical modeling to enhance MBR process performance, achieving sustainable and energy-efficient conditions.