bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N and S Co-doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Samiee Leila , Hassani Sedigheh Sadegh 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Porous carbon materials are promising candidate supports for various applications.
In a number of these applications, doping of the carbon framework with heteroatoms provides
a facile route to readily tune the carbon properties. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR),
where the reaction can be catalyzed without precious metals is one of the common applications for
the heteroatom-doped carbons. Therefore, heteroatom doped catalysts might have a promising potential
as a cathode in Microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs have a good potential to produce electricity
from biological oxidization of wastes at the anode and chemical reduction at the cathode. To the best
of our knowledge, no studies have been yet reported on utilizing Sulfur trioxide pyridine (STP) and
CMK-3 for the preparation of (N and S) doped ordered porous carbon materials. The presence of
highly ordered mesostructured and the synergistic effect of N and S atoms with specific structures
enhance the oxygen adsorption due to improving the electrocatalytic activity. So the optimal catalyst,
with significant stability and excellent tolerance of methanol crossover can be a promising candidate
for even other storage and conversion devices.

Methods:
The physico-chemical properties of the prepared samples were determined by Small Angle
X-ray Diffraction (SAXRD), N2 sorption-desorption, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),
Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
(XPS). The prepared samples were further applied for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the optimal
cathode was tested with the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) system. Furthermore, according to
structural analysis, The HRTEM, and SAXRD results confirmed the formation of well-ordered hexagonal
(p6mm) arrays of mesopores in the direction of (100). The EDS and XPS approved that N and
S were successfully doped into the CMK-3 carbon framework.

Results:
Among all the studied CMK-3 based catalysts, the catalyst prepared by STP precursor and
pyrolysis at 900°C exhibited the highest ORR activity with the onset potential of 1.02 V vs. RHE and
4 electron transfer number per oxygen molecule in 0.1 M KOH. The high catalyst durability and
fuel-crossover tolerance led to stable performance of the optimal cathode after 5000 s operation,
while the Pt/C cathode-based was considerably degraded. Finally, the MFC system with the optimal
cathode displayed 43.9 mW·m-2 peak power density showing even reasonable performance in comparison
to a Pt/C 20 wt.%.cathode.

Conclusions:
The results revealed that the synergistic effect of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped on the carbon
substrate structure leads to improvement in catalytic activity. Also, it was clearly observed that the porous
structure and order level of the carbon substrate could considerably change the ORR performance.
Characteristics of HSV-2, M. genitalium and C. trachomatis in HPV Genotypes Associated with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Genital Infections
Authors: Moharreri Mona , Sohrabi Amir 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women. High-Risk HPV
types are known as the main agents involved in genital and cervical malignancies. There may be
co pathogens like STIs that are involved in enhancing the susceptibility and progression to cervical
neoplasia. This study was conducted to detect C. trachomatis, HSV-2 and M. genitalium using
qPCR in women suffering from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, HPV infection and non cancerous-
non HPV subjects for the association of burden of genital disorders.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive study was performed on 195 Liquid Based Cytology
(LBCs) specimens collected from women referred to private laboratories. Fifty, 98 and 47 samples
were from women with known CIN, HPV positive and non-cancerous/non-HPV, respectively.
HSV-2, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium and HPV genotypes have been detected using multiplex
TaqMan Real Time PCR and PCR hybridization.

Results:
A total of 148 HPV positive samples were included. HPVs 6 (35.13%), 16 (32.43%), 18
(21.62%), 11 (9.46%), 31 (9.46%), and 51 (9.46%) were the most common genotypes. Single, 2,
3, and more than 4 multiple HPV genotypes were detected in 46%, 29.7%, 14.2%, 10.1% cases,
respectively. The prevalence of M. genitalium, C. trachomatis and HSV2 was 3 (1.54%), 24
(12.3%) and 1(0.5%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between
these pathogens and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (p≥ 0.05).

Conclusions:
HR-HPV genotypes were more prevalent in genital infections and cervical cancer.
It would seem early detection of dominant STI pathogens such as Chlamydia spp. gains due to effective
prevention. Here, further research is needed to understand the co-infections burden of HPV
genotypes with STIs in clinical manifestations.
Proposed Mechanism of Tecoma stans in Diabetes-Associated Complications
Authors: Gupta Amit , Behl Tapan 
Published: December 2019

:
Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth has shown potent antidiabetic effect in the past; however,
none of the studies have been carried out to explore its effect in diabetic complications including
diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Thus, this review will aim to explore and propose multiple
hypotheses regarding its mechanism of action in diabetic complications which includes reduction in
oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, lipid profile correction and direct anti-glycemic effects.

:
A detailed review including most of the articles, which includes research as well as reviews, available
on the internet regarding the concerned topic was performed. The review includes MEDLINE
databases using keywords along with their combinations, such as diabetic complications, plants in
diabetes, Tecoma stans, renin oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, α-
glucosidase and α-amylase, among several others. Mostly English-language articles were selected.

:
Since it has already been reported in various studies that Tecoma stans exhibit anti-diabetic effect,
however no information regarding its effects in diabetic complications were reported. This review
presents the data which aids in confirming that Tecoma stans can provide promising results in oxidative
stress, inflammation, angiogenesis and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, it has been depicted that
Tecoma stans has the potential for α-glucosidase inhibition. The mechanism below can explain that
Tecoma stans can be used in diabetic complications of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy.

:
Tecoma stans may provide an effective natural product to treat hyperglycaemia and prevent subsequent
diabetic complications which includes nephropathy and retinopathy.
Reforestation in Venezuela – current situation and future perspectives
Authors: Visaez Francisco , Greaves Eduardo D. 
Published: December 2019

The location of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela in the tropical region of northern South America, in the Northern Hemisphere, with a total area of 91.64 million ha, of which 49.6 million correspond to natural forests (54.12 % of the national territory). Venezuela shows a series of geographic advantages that allow a rapid growth and development of the trees in comparison with the temperate zones where the growth is extremely slow. However, the occurrence of deforestation processes has intensified in a sustained way in the recent history of the country.
In the period from 1920 to 2008, the loss of 26.43% of the forested area has been recorded. Likewise, in the period 1975-1988, deforestation was estimated at 216,000 ha year-1, equivalent to 2.9 million ha in 13 years (Catalan 1992). Deforestation has now increased to worrying levels and according to FAO estimates (2010), in Venezuela, a forested area of more than 288.000 ha year-1 is deforested.
In the middle of the 20th century several public and private institutions began an important effort to reforest areas of sandy soils of scarce depth on a bed of highly impermeable clay. With erosion processes generated as a result of strong winds that causes severe damage to the little existing vegetation. It was expected that with the passage of time this region could become a desert in the oriental plains of Venezuela. This is how the Maderas del Orinoco Companies (CVG - PROFORCA), the Venezuelan Corporation of Guayana (CVG), Smurfit Kappa Cartón of Venezuela, San Carlos Forestry Development, Masisa. Propulso, among others, started in different regions of the country the establishment of plantations for various purposes. For this they have used fast growing forest species such as: Pinus caribaea var hondurensis, Eucalyptus Urophylla, Acacia magnium, Caraipa llanorum, Tectonia grandis, Hebea brasiliens, Gmelina arborea, Erisma uncinatum, among others. At present, a reforested area of 650.000 ha has been reached. This has favored the protection of natural habitats by reducing the pressure for exploitation and use of the forests.
The legal framework established in the new National Constitution, approved in 1998, is based on decrees of 1825-1829 of the Liberator Simón Bolívar and classifies the territory in diverse forest areas establishing a modern environmental conservation policy. A historical summary and the current legislation with the classification that promises a rational management of the national territory is presented.
Patterns in Weight and Physical Activity Tracking Data Preceding a Stop in Weight Monitoring: Observational Analysis
Authors: Frie Kerstin , Hartmann-Boyce Jamie , Jebb Susan , Oke Jason , Aveyard Paul 
Published: December 2019

Background
Self-regulation for weight loss requires regular self-monitoring of weight, but the frequency of weight tracking commonly declines over time.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate whether it is a decline in weight loss or a drop in motivation to lose weight (using physical activity tracking as a proxy) that may be prompting a stop in weight monitoring.

Methods
We analyzed weight and physical activity data from 1605 Withings Health Mate app users, who had set a weight loss goal and stopped tracking their weight for at least six weeks after a minimum of 16 weeks of continuous tracking. Mixed effects models compared weight change, average daily steps, and physical activity tracking frequency between a 4-week period of continuous tracking and a 4-week period preceding the stop in weight tracking. Additional mixed effects models investigated subsequent changes in physical activity data during 4 weeks of the 6-week long stop in weight tracking.

Results
People lost weight during continuous tracking (mean −0.47 kg, SD 1.73) but gained weight preceding the stop in weight tracking (mean 0.25 kg, SD 1.62; difference 0.71 kg; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.81). Average daily steps (beta=−220 daily steps per time period; 95% CI −320 to −120) and physical activity tracking frequency (beta=−3.4 days per time period; 95% CI −3.8 to −3.1) significantly declined from the continuous tracking to the pre-stop period. From pre-stop to post-stop, physical activity tracking frequency further decreased (beta=−6.6 days per time period; 95% CI −7.12 to −6.16), whereas daily step count on the day’s activity was measured increased (beta=110 daily steps per time period; 95% CI 50 to 170).

Conclusions
In the weeks before people stop tracking their weight, their physical activity and physical activity monitoring frequency decline. At the same time, weight increases, suggesting that declining motivation for weight control and difficulties with making use of negative weight feedback might explain why people stop tracking their weight. The increase in daily steps but decrease in physical activity tracking frequency post-stop might result from selective measurement of more active days.
Sağlık Kurumlarından Hizmet Alanlar Gözünden Hasta Hakları Konusundaki Uygulamalara Yönelik Tutum Ve Değerlendirmeler
Authors: SARIKAYA Nilgün , ALTUNIŞIK Remzi 
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın
amacı, hizmet alanlar gözünden ülkemizdeki sağlık hizmetlerinin nasıl
algılandığı, yaşanmakta olan sağlık sorunlarını algılamaları, hasta hakları ve
sorumlulukları konusundaki bilgi ve farkındalık düzeylerinin algılanması, hasta
ve hasta yakınlarının tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi ile sağlık
hizmetlerinden genel memnuniyet düzeylerinin algılanmasına ilişkin genel bir
bilgi toplamaktır.

Yöntem: Araştırma
bağlamında Sakarya ve İstanbul ilinde Haziran-Temmuz 2019’da bir anket
çalışması yürütülmüştür. Saha çalışması kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile
belirlenen gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak 200 katılımcı üzerinde
gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Araştırma
bulgularına göre, sağlık hizmetlerinde yaşanan sorunlar arasında doktorların
ilgisizliği, uzun bekleme süreleri, yanlış teşhis ve tedaviler ile çalışan
sayısının yetersizliği öne çıkmaktadır. Katılımcıların cevapları genel olarak
ele alındığında sağlık hizmetleriyle ilgili yaşanan sorunları dört boyut
altında toplanabileceği gözlenmektedir.

Bunları sağlık kurumlarında hizmet kalite duyarlılığı,
sağlık çalışanlarının ilgisizliği, hasta hakları farkındalık düzeyi ve
hastaların kaba ve saygısız davranışları olarak ifade etmek mümkündür. Ayrıca, hastane
seçiminde etkili olan faktörler ile hastanede yaşanan sorunlar demografik
özelliklere göre de değişmekte olduğu da araştırma bulguları arasındadır.

Sonuç: Sağlık
sektörünün bir hizmet sektörü olması sebebiyle, hizmetlerin başarısı ve hasta
memnuniyeti açısından insan unsuru kritik önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda tüm
sağlık çalışanları (hekim, hemşire, tıbbi sekreter ve diğer görevliler) kadar
hasta ve hasta refakatçılarının da hak ve sorumluluklarının bilincinde olacak
şekilde davranmak zorundadırlar. Sağlık sisteminin etkin işlemesi sadece
hakların bilinmesiyle değil, sorumlulukların da bilinmesi ve yerine getirilmesi
ile mümkün olacaktır. Ancak hak ve sorumluluklar konusundaki bilgi ve
farkındalık düzeyinin yetersiz olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır.
Respuesta a la carta al editor publicada en el Vol. 21 Núm. 1 de 2019
Authors: Barrera-Dussán Nathaly , Ramos-Castañeda Jorge Andrés 
Published: December 2019

Estimado lector
Agradecemos su interés en el artículo “Prevalencia y determinantes sociales de malnutrición en menores de 5 años afiliados al Sistema de Selección de Beneficiarios para Programas Sociales (SISBEN) del área urbana del municipio de Palermo en Colombia 2017” 1.
En nuestro trabajo, para identificar malnutrición utilizamos los lineamientos y clasificación de la resolución 2465/2016 del Ministerios de Salud y Protección Social2. Su propuesta de conocer el análisis de los datos según la OMS para IMC, nos parece interesante, y consideramos que la comparación que propone aportaría más conocimiento; motivo por el cual, hemos decidido volver a tabular la información teniendo en cuenta éstos criterios y presentarlo a la revista como un nuevo artículo corto.
The role of printed and electroniс publications in development of vision disorders
Authors: Markelova S. V. 
Published: December 2019

Aim. To study whether the use of printed and electronic publications is associated with vision disorders.Materials and Methods. We interrogated 100 high school students and 355 university students using a questionnaire developed by the Research Institute of Hygiene and Surveillance on Child and Adolescent Health. Further, 179 university students were examined utilising the automated system for the physiological testing while 100 high school students were examined by a certified ophthalmologist.Results. Around the half of the students have self-evaluated their vision as reduced, without associating this with the use of electronic devices. Boys were more prone to underestimate their health (Pearson’s contingency coefficient C = 0.2, p < 0.001). Eye fatigue was significantly associated with higher frequency of using electronic devices regardless of their type (C = 0.7 for desktop computers and laptops, 0.8 for electronic books and 0.6 for tablets (p = 0.001)) while headaches were specifically associated with increased laptop use (C = 0.5, p = 0.02). Self-assessed reduced vision correlated with higher frequency of tablet use (C = 0.2, p = 0.004). Moderate or high myopia were also associated with a higher frequency of using desktop computer or laptop (C = 0.75, p = 0.001). The average time of work on a computer reached 2 and 3 hours on schooldays and on the weekend, respectively, in high school students. These numbers were significantly higher in university students (2.6 and 4.4 hours respectively for desktop computer and 2.9/3.7 hours for laptop). Functional vision loss was detected in 67.2% of high school students and 19% of university students while moderate or high myopia was diagnosed in 8.2% of high school students and 53.6% of university students. Mean visual acuity was 0.61 ± 0.25 (OD) and 0.64 ± 0.25 (OS).Conclusions. Safety indicators of electronic publications are needed to be developed and properly regulated.
Picturing the Immaterial
Authors: Von Bonsdorff Anna-Maria 
Published: December 2019

The article explores a significant trait in Ellen Thesleff’s art. Her artistic practices were deeply embedded in the development of European artistic circles at the end of the nineteenth century with a shift towards colour and meaning – when ‘material’ colour became part of the content – which was one of the main manifestations of Early Modernism in Finnish art. Her paintings from the 1890s reflect the ideals of correspondence, musicality and atmospheric tonality, a technique which she used in many of her early works. However, I will also propose that Thesleff’s take on the strict achromatic colour scheme, as well as the specific ascetic and tonalist technique which she used during the 1890s until the early-1900s, gave her subdued paintings and drawings new meaning and possibilities beyond the symbolist credo. The article discusses the interconnectedness between music and art using the nineteenth-century concepts of musicality and indistinctness. The difficult goal of using tangible form to reference intangible ideas was accomplished through careful manipulation of both style and subject. Such heavy manipulation, characterises the symbolist artist’s work, a form of non-compliance with traditional rules of representational art. By introducing extreme manipulation of form, colour, and technique, Thesleff announces to the viewer that her art is not an illusion of reality but rather a jumping-off image into the realm of ideas. However, these highly valued aspects of symbolist painting continued to be explored by artists also during the twentieth century. The method of tonality – one unifying colour to tone the whole painting – is something to which Thesleff surprisingly returns in the 1920s and 1930s.
CONSIDERATION OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Authors: Tedjokusumo Edith Primadiana 
Published: December 2019

Industry 4.0 has been a hot issue for the development of worldwide trend, including in Indonesia. Indonesia stepped up to join the world’s crowd in the industry development by the statement of Indonesia’s President to be one of the top ten biggest global economies by 2030. In the same time, the government of Indonesia has called for how human resources should deal with industry of 4.0. The preparation ofentering Industry 4.0 has become really tremendous since last year. As a result, the human resources get a lot of attention. The objective of this paper is to identify the requirements in fulfilling the implementation of the Industry 4.0 by the fundamental of human resources, that is, employee motivation. This paper proposes the reflectionfor employee motivation towards Industry 4.0. It is also to represent the narration of thoughts and the followed-up in industry 4.0. The limitations of this paper are only on topics of employee motivation and industry 4.0.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS HIV PATIENTS AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI SAINS ISLAM MALAYSIA (USIM)
Authors: Alkadhim Aws Hashim ali , Jaafar Azlan , Yousif Sarah Taha , Ahmad Bakri Nurul Ainaa Syamimi , Ameruddin Anis Mardhiya 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Dental officers could be the first medical personal to diagnose HIV/AIDS and cross–contamination may happen. More efforts should be taken to improve knowledge and the behaviour of dental students towards HIV/AIDS patients. The objective of this study is to assess and compare knowledge and the attitude of USIM dental students towards HIV patients. Methods: A total of 136 dental students from Year 2 to Year 5 of academic year 2017/2018 participated in this study. Students were consented and briefed about the purpose of the current project prior to answering self-administered questionnaires that have been previously validated. Results: The mean total knowledge and attitude score were 69.65% (good) and 68.54(%) (passive), respectively. Both clinical and pre-clinical students have passive attitude towards HIV patients and showed good level of knowledge with 70.81% and 66.39% respectively. There were significant association between sex and knowledge of HIV/AIDS among USIM dental students (p=0.001). There is also a statistically positive weak correlation between knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. Conclusion: USIM dental undergraduates have good knowledge and passive attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. Improvement of dental curriculum regarding HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients is recommended through conducting activities such as seminar, workshop and small-group discussion among dental students.