bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential interactions among single nucleotide polymorphisms in bone‐ and cartilage‐related genes in skeletal malocclusions
Authors: Küchler Erika Calvano , Reis Caio Luiz Bitencourt , Carelli Julia , Scariot Rafaela , Nelson‐Filho Paulo , Coletta Ricardo D. , Paza Aleysson Olimpio , Matsumoto Mírian Aiko Nakane , Proff Peter , Kirschneck Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate SNPs in bone‐ and cartilage‐related genes and their interaction in the aetiology of sagittal and vertical skeletal malocclusions.Settings and sample populationThis study included 143 patients and classified as follows: skeletal class I (n = 77), class II (n = 47) and class III (n = 19); maxillary retrusion (n = 39), protrusion (n = 52) and well‐positioned maxilla (n = 52); mandibular retrognathism (n = 50), prognathism (n = 50) and well‐positioned mandible (n = 43); normofacial (n = 72), dolichofacial (n = 55) and brachyfacial (n = 16).Materials and methodsSteiner's ANB, SNA, SNB angles and Ricketts’ NBa‐PtGn angle were measured to determine the skeletal malocclusion and the vertical pattern. Nine SNPs inBMP2,BMP4,SMAD6, RUNX2, WNT3AandWNT11were genotyped. Chi‐squared test was used to compare genotypes among the groups. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) and binary logistic regression analysis, both using gender and age as co‐variables, were also used. We performed Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.ResultsSignificant associations atP < .05 were observed for SNPs rs1005464 (P = .042) and rs235768 (P = .021) inBMP2with mandibular retrognathism and for rs59983488 (RUNX2) with maxillary protrusion (P = .04) as well as for rs708111 (WNT3A) with skeletal class III (P = .02; dominant model), rs1533767 (WNT11) with a brachyfacial skeletal pattern (P = .01, OR = 0.10; dominant model) and for rs3934908 (SMAD6) with prognathism (P = .02; recessive model). After the Bonferroni correction, none of the SNPs remained associated. The MDR predicted some interaction for skeletal class II, dolichofacial and brachyfacial phenotypes.ConclusionOur results suggest that SNPs inBMP2, BMP4, SMAD6, RUNX2, WNT3AandWNT11could be involved in the aetiology of sagittal and vertical malocclusions.
Mechanical extraction of cardiac implantable electronic devices leads with long dwell time: Efficacy and safety of the step up approach
Authors: Lensvelt Leontine M. H. , Egorova Anastasia D. , Schalij Martin J. , Yilmaz Dilek , Kennergren Charles , Bootsma Marianne , van Erven Lieselot 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the stepwise mechanical transvenous lead extraction approach in a patient population with chronically implanted transvenous leads with a long dwell time.From January 2014 till December 2018, all lead extractions with lead dwell time ≥5 years performed at our tertiary centre were retrospectively analysed. A total of 173 leads, from 78 patients (median age 68 years; 81% male) with a median dwell time of 9 years (interquartile range [IQR] 5) were extracted, with three or more leads in 42% of the patients. Right atrial leads: 41%; right ventricular pacing leads: 16%; implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) leads: 31% (72% dual coil); coronary sinus leads: 12%. The majority (75%) of the leads had an active fixation. Most frequent indication for extraction was pocket infection/erosion (76%). Overall clinical success was 97%, and complete procedural success was 93%. Venous patency, assessed with venous angiography, was well preserved in 93% of the cases. The overall procedural complication rate was 3.8% (2.6% major and 1.3% minor).Despite the complexity of the population and a very long dwell time (median 9 years), a clinical success rate of 97% was achieved with the stepwise mechanical approach. Analysis of impeding progression of pectoral extraction suggests that dense fibrosis and sharp lead curvature in the transvenous trajectory pose a challenge. Complication rate was low, and acute venous patency was generally well preserved.
Perceptual consciousness plays no epistemic role
Authors: Berger Jacob 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is often assumed that perceptual experience provides evidence about the external world. But much perception can occur unconsciously, as in cases of masked priming or blindsight. Does unconscious perception provide evidence as well? Many theorists maintain that it cannot, holding that perceptual experience provides evidence in virtue of its conscious character. Against such views, I challenge here both the necessity and, perhaps more controversially, the sufficiency of consciousness for perception to provide evidence about the external world. In addition to motivating and defending the idea that unconscious perception can and does often provide evidence, I observe that whether or not perceptual phenomenology is relevant to the evidentiary status of perception depends on the nature of consciousness. And I argue that a well‐supported theory of consciousness—higher‐order thought theory—invites a striking conclusion: that perceptual phenomenology is not on its own sufficient to provide for evidence of the external world.
Development of an immunocompetent mouse model susceptible to Cryptosporidium tyzzeri infection
Authors: Huang Y. , Song Y. , You Y. , Mi R. , Han X. , Gong H. , Chen Z. , Liu Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsImmunocompromised mice are extensively used in the screening of vaccines and drugs for Cryptosporidium, but this study model does not reflect the real status of infection in immunocompetent animals. This study aimed to provide an optimized animal model for future studies of Cryptosporidium vaccine.Methods and resultsThree mouse strains (ICR, BALB/c and KM) with or without immunosuppression were compared after challenge with Cryptosporidium tyzzeri (C tyzzeri). The results indicated that ICR mice shed a greater number of faecal oocysts (20 346 ± 203 oocysts/g) compared with BALB/c (2077 ± 142 oocysts/g) and KM mice (3207 ± 431 oocysts/g) after experimental infection with C tyzzeri (P < .001). However, ICR mouse model is uniquely effective for C tyzzeri, not for other Cryptosporidium spp. such as C parvum. ICR mice were then used to determine the immunoreactions and immunoprotection of P23‐DNA vaccine (pVAX1‐P23) to C tyzzeri experimental infection. The results showed that a significant increase in anti‐P23 antibody levels was induced by the pVAX1‐P23 vaccine. Compared to pVAX1, TB and blank control mice, pVAX1‐P23 immunized mice produced specific spleen cell proliferation as well as enhanced IL‐5, IL‐12p70 and IFN‐γ production in sera. After challenge with 5 × 106 C tyzzeri oocysts, the oocyst shedding of the pVAX1‐P23 immunized group was reduced by 69.94% comparing to the infection control.ConclusionThese results provide an optimized animal model for the study of prophylactic vaccines and this model might be applied to other candidates against Cryptosporidium, not only for pVAX1‐P23.
Blunted cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress predicts low behavioral but not self‐reported perseverance: A replication study
Authors: Whittaker A. C. , Chauntry A. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that individuals with poor behavioral perseverance show low or blunted physiological responses to acute psychological stress. For example, a recent preliminary laboratory study demonstrated that blunted responders give up sooner and take fewer attempts when endeavoring to complete an impossible puzzle, but do not self‐report poor perseverance. This present research is a replication of the previous study with an increased sample size, longer recovery periods between tasks and addition of social evaluation to the cold pressor. Participants (147) completed a self‐report perseverance questionnaire (Short Grit Scale) and behavioral perseverance tasks (impossible Euler puzzle and socially evaluated cold‐pressor (SECPT)). The number of attempts and time spent trying to complete the unsolvable puzzle, and duration of hand submergent during the SECPT, were recorded as behavioral perseverance measures. Difference in blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR) from baseline to a 10‐min paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT) were computed as reactivity. As previously, reactivity did not relate to self‐reported perseverance and blunted BP reactivity to the PASAT was associated with less time persevering at the unsolvable puzzle. Additionally, blunted BP and PR reactivity to the PASAT related to poorer perseverance during the SECPT. These findings, replicating the previous study, increase confidence that blunted reactivity is a physiological marker of poor behavioral perseverance. Moreover, given that self‐reported perseverance does not relate to reactivity, this suggests that blunted responders are not conscious of this detriment in perseverance, but likely need additional support when persistence is critical (e.g., during behavior change).
Optimization of Sampling for Monitoring Chemicals in the Food Supply Chain Using a Risk‐Based Approach: The Case of Aflatoxins and Dioxins in the Dutch Dairy Chain
Authors: Wang Z. , van der Fels‐Klerx H. J. , Lansink A. G. J. M. Oude 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFood safety monitoring faces the challenge of tackling multiple chemicals along the various stages of the food supply chain. Our study developed a methodology for optimizing sampling for monitoring multiple chemicals along the dairy supply chain. We used a mixed integer nonlinear programming approach to maximize the performance of the sampling in terms of reducing the risk of the potential disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in the population. Decision variables are the number of samples collected and analyzed at each stage of the food chain (feed mills, dairy farms, milk trucks, and dairy processing plants) for each chemical, given a predefined budget. The model was applied to the case of monitoring for aflatoxin B1/M1(AFB1/M1) and dioxins in a hypothetical Dutch dairy supply chain, and results were calculated for various contamination scenarios defined in terms of contamination fraction and concentrations. Considering various monitoring budgets for both chemicals, monitoring for AFB1/M1 showed to be more effective than for dioxins in most of the considered scenarios, because AFB1/M1 could result into more DALYs than dioxins when both chemicals are in same contamination fraction, and costs for analyzing one AFB1/M1 sample are lower than for one dioxins sample. The results suggest that relatively more resources be spent on monitoring AFB1/M1 when both chemicals’ contamination fractions are low; when both contamination fractions are higher, relatively more budget should be addressed to monitoring dioxins.
Promoting patient engagement: a scoping review of actions that align with the interactive care model
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Jerofke‐Owen Teresa , Marshall Andrea P. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundConceptual clarity for the term patient engagement is growing. However, there is variability in patient engagement in healthcare, which could be due to the absence of models to guide practice or a myriad of organisational, nurse and patient factors. The recently developed ‘Interactive Care Model’ provides guidance on how to genuinely promote individualised patient engagement. An understanding of how to action this model in nursing is required.AimsThe aim of this scoping review was to examine actions in the published scientific literature that align with the Interactive Care Model, in the context of nursing care of hospitalised patients.Data sourcesIn 2018, searches of CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and PsycInfo were undertaken, for literature published between 2008 and 2018. This was followed by citation tracking.Review methodsTwo researchers screened and selected studies using prespecified criteria. Data were charted into a pre‐established tool and collated and summarised using numerical summaries and deductive content analysis. For content analysis, categories were generated from the ‘Interactive Care Model’.FindingsForty‐three studies were included in the review, 33 noninterventional and 10 interventional studies. Publications on the topic are increasing in number over time, with most conducted in Europe with patient or nurse participants. Forty‐two actions were found in the literature that aligned with the ‘Interactive Care Model’. The actions uncovered differed between intervention and noninterventional studies; in interventional studies actions were formalised.ConclusionsThis review provides an overview of actions that promote patient engagement and could inform implementation of the Interactive Care Model and the design and testing of patient engagement interventions to support the model. There are opportunities to explore latter phases of the Interactive Care Model to foster patient engagement in self‐management and to motivate patients’ management of healthcare beyond hospitalisation. Further, there is a need to rigorously evaluate patient engagement interventions.
The racial and colonial dimensions of gentrification
Authors: Kent‐Stoll Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, studies of gentrification have added a deeper political economic, political, and cultural understanding to this process by demonstrating how it can be understood as not only driven by the physical displacement of working‐class residents but also by the political, cultural, and physical displacement of poor and working‐class Black, Latinx, Asian, and Indigenous populations. In this study, I review these recent key works in urban sociology, geography, and urban history which examine the specifically racial and colonial dimensions of gentrification. These works provide invaluable insights to the political economic, political, and cultural dimensions of gentrification, but are still constrained by not developing a deeper historical analytics of the racial and colonial structures which shape gentrification. Because of this, the foundations of anti‐Black and anti‐Indigenous racism which make possible the commodification of space and devaluation and dispossession of people that gentrification requires, remain obscured. I argue the alternative frameworks of settler colonialism, internal colonialism, and coloniality—developed largely separate from urban sociology—can provide a sharper analysis to the study of gentrification by helping to more explicitly name and explain the racial and colonial structures, logics, and subjectivities which shape gentrification.
Organelle movement and apical accumulation of secretory vesicles in pollen tubes ofArabidopsis thalianadepend on class XI myosins
Authors: Wang Xingjuan , Sheng Xiaojing , Tian Xiulin , Zhang Yu , Li Yan 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYF‐actin and myosin XI play important roles in plant organelle movement. A fewmyosin XIgenes in the genome of Arabidopsis are mainly expressed in mature pollen, which suggests that they may play a crucial role in pollen germination and pollen tube tip growth. In this study, a genetic complementation assay was conducted in amyosin xi‐c(myo11c1) myosin xi‐e(myo11c2) double mutant, and fluorescence labeling combined with microscopic observation was applied. We found that myosin XI‐E (Myo11C2)‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) restored the slow pollen tube growth and seed deficiency phenotypes of themyo11c1 myo11c2double mutant and Myo11C2‐GFP partially colocalized with mitochondria, peroxisomes and Golgi stacks. Furthermore, decreased mitochondrial movement and subapical accumulation were detected inmyo11c1 myo11c2double mutant pollen tubes. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments showed that the fluorescence recoveries of GFP‐RabA4d and AtPRK1‐GFP at the pollen tube tip of themyo11c1 myo11c2double mutant were lower than those of the wild type were after photobleaching. These results suggest that Myo11C2 may be associated with mitochondria, peroxisomes and Golgi stacks, and play a crucial role in organelle movement and apical accumulation of secretory vesicles in pollen tubes ofArabidopsis thaliana.
Inflation comovements in advanced economies: Facts and drivers*
Authors: Álvarez Luis J. , Gadea Maria Dolores , Gómez‐Loscos Ana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse inflation comovements and their macroeconomic drivers across a wide set of advanced economies. We find a high degree of inflation interdependence, which is highest for euro area countries, which show strong trade links and share a common monetary policy. In contrast, core inflation interdependence is very limited. We also find that inflation interconnectedness is a medium‐ to long‐run phenomenon. Inflation comovements across countries are well explained by an open economy new Keynesian Phillips curve.
Canine lymphoma and vector‐borne diseases: Molecular and serological evaluation of a possible complicity
Authors: Henriques Joaquim , Felisberto Ricardo , Almeida Bruno , Ramos Joana , Constantino‐Casas Fernando , Dobson Jane , Matos Raquel , Santos Ana , de Sousa Rita , Alves Margarida 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLymphoma is the most common haematological malignancy in dogs and its aetiology is largely unknown. The presence of canine vector‐borne agents (CVBD) in lymphoma tissues has been described and its causative effects questioned. We intended to evaluate the presence and extent of Leishmania infantum, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Bartonella henselae infection in dogs with lymphoma. Sixty‐one dogs, living in the Lisbon metropolitan area, with a diagnosis of lymphoma were enrolled. Immunofluorescence assays were used to detect serum IgG's. The presence of DNA from CVBD agents in tumour tissue was assessed by PCR. All dogs tested negative for B. henselae, A. phagocytophilum and E. canis by both serology and PCR. Regarding L. infantum, 8.2% (n = 5) of the dogs had a positive serologic result. L. infantum DNA was detected in two samples of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). These results show an increased, but not significant, seropositivity (8.2% vs 7.9%) and molecular detection (3.3% vs 1.2%) for L. infantum in dogs with lymphoma, when compared to the reported canine population in the same geographical area. We could not identify an association between lymphoma and E. canis, A. phagocytophilum, B. henselae or Leishmania infantum infection in the studied population. Nevertheless, further studies, following dogs trough their CVBD disease evolution, are worthwhile and may help clarify a possible role of CVBD agents in lymphomagenesis.
Lymphaticovenous anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct to an intercostal vein: A canine cadaver study
Authors: Shriwise Georgia B. , Loeber Samantha J. , Hardie Robert J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a technique for anastomosis of the thoracic duct (TD) to the 11th or 12th intercostal vein (ICV) using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC) in the dog.Study designCadaveric study.AnimalsEight beagles.MethodsA right paracostal laparotomy and 10th intercostal thoracotomy were performed in each dog. Mesenteric contrast lymphography was used to identify the TD and its branches on fluoroscopy. The TD and adjacent 11th or 12th ICV were isolated, double ligated, and divided using a surgical microscope. The caudal TD and proximal ICV were anastomosed in an end‐to‐end fashion using a 1.5 mm or 2 mm MAC. Mesenteric lymphography was repeated to document patency of the anastomosis.ResultsThe TD was identified via lymphography in all dogs; five dogs had a single duct, and three dogs had additional branches. The anastomosis was successful in all eight dogs, and flow into the azygos vein without leakage was confirmed via lymphography.ConclusionEnd‐to‐end anastomosis of the TD to an ICV using a MAC was technically feasible in the canine cadaver.Clinical significanceLymphaticovenous anastomosis combined with TD ligation may have application as a treatment for idiopathic chylothorax. By maintaining the flow of chyle from the abdominal lymphatics to the systemic circulation, this procedure may reduce the stimulus for collateral circulation and persistent flow to the cranial mediastinal lymphatics.
Cortical dynamics of movement‐evoked pain in chronic low back pain
Authors: Wang Wei‐en , Ho Rachel L. M. , Gatto Bryan , van der Veen Susanne M. , Underation Matthew K. , Thomas James S. , Antony Ajay B. , Coombes Stephen A. 
Published: October 2020

Key points
Cortical activity underlying movement‐evoked pain is not well understood, despite being a key symptom of chronic musculoskeletal pain.
We combined high‐density electroencephalography with a full‐body reaching protocol in a virtual reality environment to assess cortical activity during movement‐evoked pain in chronic low back pain.
Movement‐evoked pain in individuals with chronic low back pain was associated with longer reaction times, delayed peak velocity and greater movement variability.
Movement‐evoked pain was associated with attenuated disinhibition in prefrontal motor areas, as evidenced by an attenuated reduction in beta power in the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area.
AbstractAlthough experimental pain alters neural activity in the cortex, evidence of changes in neural activity in individuals with chronic low back pain (cLBP) remains scarce and results are inconsistent. One of the challenges in studying cLBP is that the clinical pain fluctuates over time and often changes during movement. The goal of the present study was to address this challenge by recording high‐density electroencephalography (HD‐EEG) data during a full‐body reaching task to understand neural activity during movement‐evoked pain. HD‐EEG data were analysed using independent component analyses, source localization and measure projection analyses to compare neural oscillations between individuals with cLBP who experienced movement‐evoked pain and pain‐free controls. We report two novel findings. First, movement‐evoked pain in individuals with cLBP was associated with longer reaction times, delayed peak velocity and greater movement variability. Second, movement‐evoked pain was associated with an attenuated reduction in beta power in the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area. Our observations move the field forward by revealing attenuated disinhibition in prefrontal motor areas during movement‐evoked pain in cLBP.
The Adjoint Method for Time-Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Eichmeir Philipp , Lauß Thomas , Oberpeilsteiner Stefan , Nachbagauer Karin , Steiner Wolfgang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this article, we discuss a special class of time-optimal control problems for dynamic systems, where the final state of a system lies on a hyper-surface. In time domain, this endpoint constraint may be given by a scalar equation, which we call transversality condition. It is well known that such problems can be transformed to a two-point boundary value problem, which is usually hard to solve, and requires an initial guess close to the optimal solution. Hence, we propose a new gradient-based iterative solution strategy instead, where the gradient of the cost functional, i.e., of the final time, is computed with the adjoint method. Two formulations of the adjoint method are presented in order to solve such control problems. First, we consider a hybrid approach, where the state equations and the adjoint equations are formulated in time domain but the controls and the gradient formula are transformed to a spatial variable with fixed boundaries. Second, we introduce an alternative approach, in which we carry out a complete elimination of the time coordinate and utilize a formulation in the space domain. Both approaches are robust with respect to poor initial controls and yield a shorter final time and, hence, an improved control after every iteration. The presented method is tested with two classical examples from satellite and vehicle dynamics. However, it can also be extended to more complex systems, which are used in industrial applications.