bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating disorders in New Zealand: Implications for Māori and health service delivery
Authors: Lacey Cameron , Cunningham Ruth , Rijnberg Vivienne , Manuel Jenni , Clark Mau Te Rangimarie , Keelan Karen , Pitama Suzanne , Huria Tania , Lawson Rachel , Jordan Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveLifetime prevalence rates in Te Rau Hinengaro (The New Zealand Mental Health Survey) suggest eating disorders are at least as common in the Māori population as the non‐Māori population, yet little is known at a population level about those accessing specialist mental health treatment for eating disorders in New Zealand. The aim of this study was to describe the population undergoing specialist mental health treatment for eating disorders and compare Māori and non‐Māori clinical characteristics and service use.MethodThis study uses the Programme for the Integration of Mental Health Data data set, managed by the New Zealand Ministry of Health to describe the characteristics of people with eating disorders and their use of specialist mental health services from 2009 to 2016.ResultsThere were 3,835 individuals with a diagnosed eating disorder who had contact with specialist mental health services in this time period, 7% of whom were Māori. Within the cohort, Māori had a higher prevalence for a bulimia nervosa diagnosis, fewer diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, and a higher prevalence of other psychiatric comorbidity than non‐Māori.DiscussionThere is discrepancy between the proportion of service users accessing specialist mental health services who are Māori and the assessed crude prevalence of eating disorders for Māori in national estimates. Once Māori are in specialist services; however, their use of services is comparable to non‐Māori. Further research is needed to highlight the experiences of those Māori with eating disorders and address barriers to accessing services for Māori with eating disorders.
Assessment of Cu, Pb and Zn content in selected species of grasses and in the soil of the roadside embankment
Authors: Gawryluk Adam , Wyłupek Teresa , Wolański Paweł 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt was assumed in the study that heavy metals occurring in soils and the air accumulate in grasses constituting the main species used in the turfing of soil in road verges and embankments along traffic routes and in other parts of urbanized areas. The aim of the present study was to assess the bioaccumulation of Cu, Pb, and Zn in three selected lawn cultivars of five grass species and in the soil of the roadside green belt in terms of soil properties and heavy metal uptake by plants in the aspect of determining their usefulness in protecting the soils from contamination caused by motor vehicle traffic. Samples of the plant material and soil were collected for chemical analysis in the autumn of 2018 (October) on the embankment along National Road No. 17 between Piaski and Łopiennik (Poland), where 15 lawn cultivars of five grass species had been sown 2 years earlier. During the study, Cu, Pb, and Zn levels were determined in the aboveground biomass of the grasses under study and in the soil beneath these grasses (the 0–20 cm layer). All the grass species under study can thus be regarded as accumulators of Cu and Zn because the levels of these elements in the aboveground biomass of the grasses were higher than in the soil beneath these grasses. The present study demonstrates that the grasses can accumulate a large amount of Cu and Zn from soils and transfer it to the aboveground biomass. Tested species of grasses are not a higher bioaccumulators for Pb. The best grass species for the sowing of roadsides embankment, with the highest BCF values for the studied metals, is Lolium perenne (Taya variety).
Male‐specific alleles in the Ryukyu drywood termite Neotermes sugioi
Authors: Agarie Ayaka , Miyaguni Yasushi , Sugio Koji , Kobayashi Kazuya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSex‐determination systems often show remarkable diversity in upstream signals, although downstream genes are broadly conserved. Therefore, the downstream genes have been investigated in various taxa, but the most upstream signals determining sex in insects have been well‐described mainly in model organisms, including fruit flies and honey bees, and not in hemimetabolous insects such as termites. Identification of sex‐linked genetic markers in termites is important to the survey of primary sex‐determination signals. Here, we report male‐specific alleles at the microsatellite locus NK12‐1 in the Ryukyu drywood termite Neotermes sugioi (Kalotermitidae). This study provides the third example of a genetic marker linked with sexual phenotype in termites, which is a small but important step to elucidate the evolutionary process of the sex‐determination system in termites.
Examining the molecular mechanisms contributing to the success of an invasive species across different ecosystems
Authors: Lamar Sarah K. , Beddows Ian , Partridge Charlyn G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvasive species provide an opportune system to investigate how populations respond to new environments. Baby's breath (Gypsophila paniculata) was introduced to North America in the 1800s and has since spread throughout the United States and western Canada. We used an RNA‐seq approach to explore how molecular processes contribute to the success of invasive populations with similar genetic backgrounds across distinct habitats. Transcription profiles were constructed from seedlings collected from a sand dune ecosystem in Petoskey, MI (PSMI), and a sagebrush ecosystem in Chelan, WA (CHWA). We assessed differential gene expression and identified SNPs within differentially expressed genes. We identified 1,146 differentially expressed transcripts across all sampled tissues between the two populations. GO processes enriched in PSMI were associated with nutrient starvation, while enriched processes in CHWA were associated with abiotic stress. Only 7.4% of the differentially expressed transcripts contained SNPs differing in allele frequencies of at least 0.5 between populations. Common garden studies found the two populations differed in germination rate and seedling emergence success. Our results suggest the success of G. paniculata in these two environments is likely due to plasticity in specific molecular processes responding to different environmental conditions, although some genetic divergence may be contributing to these differences.
Resource‐enhancing global changes drive a whole‐ecosystem shift to faster cycling but decrease diversity
Authors: Eskelinen Anu , Gravuer Kelly , Harpole W Stanley , Harrison Susan , Virtanen Risto , Hautier Yann 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany global changes take the form of resource enhancements that have potential to transform multiple aspects of ecosystems from slower to faster cycling, including a suite of both above‐ and belowground variables. We developed a novel analytic approach to measure integrated ecosystem responses to resource‐enhancing global changes, and how such whole ecosystem slow‐to‐fast transitions are linked to diversity and exotic invasions in real‐world ecosystems. We asked how 5‐yr experimental rainfall and nutrient enhancements in a natural grassland system affected 16 ecosystem functions, pools, and stoichiometry variables considered to indicate slow vs. fast cycling. We combined these metrics into a novel index we termed “slow‐fast multifunctionality” and assessed its relationship to plant community diversity and exotic plant dominance. Nutrient and rainfall addition interacted to affect average slow‐fast multifunctionality. Nutrient addition alone pushed the system toward faster cycling, but this effect weakened with the joint addition of rainfall and nutrients. Variables associated with soil nutrient pools and cycling most strongly contributed to this antagonistic interaction. Nutrient and water addition together, respectively, had additive or synergistic effects on plant trait composition and productivity, demonstrating divergence of above‐ and belowground ecosystem responses. Our novel metric of faster cycling was strongly associated with decreased plant species richness and increased exotic species dominance. These results demonstrate the breadth of interacting community and ecosystem changes that ensue when resource limitation is relaxed.
A genetic association study of heart failure: more evidence for the role of BAG3 in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: de Denus Simon , Mottet Fannie , Korol Sandra , Feroz Zada Yassamin , Provost Sylvie , Mongrain Ian , Asselin Géraldine , Oussaïd Essaïd , Busseuil David , Lettre Guillaume , Rioux John , Racine Normand , O'Meara Eileen , White Michel , Rouleau Jean , Tardif Jean Claude , Dubé Marie‐Pierre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsFew investigations have been conducted to identify genetic determinants of common, polygenetic forms of heart failure (HF), and only a limited number of these genetic associations have been validated by multiple groups.Methods and resultsWe performed a case–control study to further investigate the potential impact of 14 previously reported candidate genes on the risk of HF and specific HF sub‐types. We also performed an exploratory genome‐wide study. We included 799 patients with HF and 1529 controls. After adjusting for age, sex, and genetic ancestry, we found that the C allele of rs2234962 in BAG3 was associated with a decreased risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (odds ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.68, P = 0.0005), consistent with a previous report. No association for the other primary variants or exploratory genome‐wide study was found.ConclusionsOur findings provide independent replication for the association between a common coding variant (rs2234962) in BAG3 and the risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Recent advances of triboelectric nanogenerator based applications in biomedical systems
Authors: Xia Xin , Liu Qing , Zhu Yuyan , Zi Yunlong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a promising power and sensing solution for biomedical applications attributed to the high electrical output and sensitivity with low‐cost and widely available materials. Here, the recent developments in TENG‐based biomedical applications with various structures and functionalities are discussed and summarized. Wearable TENGs perform well in motion and respiratory monitoring with excellent flexibility and low bio‐risks. Implantable TENGs enable interactions with the cardio‐cerebral vascular system and nervous system to monitor and treat different diseases with good biodegradability. Furthermore, explorations of TENGs in in vitro systems, including drug delivery, cellular proliferation and differentiation, are reviewed. Perspectives on the biomedical applications of TENGs are proposed based on investigation in this area in the past two decades. With continuous efforts in miniaturization and optimization of robustness, the TENG‐based self‐powered biomedical systems will definitely play an important role in the healthcare market in the future.image
Enclosure fire dynamics with a cross‐laminated timber ceiling
Authors: McNamee Robert , Zehfuss Jochen , Bartlett Alastair I. , Heidari Mohammad , Robert Fabienne , Bisby Luke A. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAn experimental study of the influence of an exposed combustible ceiling on compartment fire dynamics has been performed. The fire dynamics in compartments with combustible cross‐laminated timber ceilings vs non‐combustible reinforced concrete ceilings in otherwise identical compartments with three different ventilation factors were investigated. The experimental results are compared against predictions from two theoretical models for compartment fire dynamics: (a) the parametric fire model given in EN 1991‐1‐2, and (b) a model developed at Technische Universität Braunschweig, which are the parametric fire models currently used in Germany. It is confirmed that the introduction of a combustible timber ceiling leads to higher temperatures within the enclosure, both under fuel‐controlled and ventilation‐controlled scenarios. It is also demonstrated that the theoretical models considered in this article require refinement in order to adequately represent all relevant scenarios when combustible ceilings are present. A refinement of the German model, by adding the fuel from the combustible ceiling to the occupancy fuel load, was shown to not adequately capture the response for the ventilation‐controlled fires.
Measuring sustainability of smallholder livestock farming in Yurimaguas, Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Van‐Heurck Mariella , Alegre Julio , Solis Reynaldo , Del Castillo Dennis , Pérez Lisset , Lavelle Patrick , Quintero Marcela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSustainability measurement addresses the social, economic, and environmental aspects in order to support policy and decision‐making. In the Peruvian Amazon, some smallholder livestock farmers have subsisted through time, partially preserving the ecosystems and demonstrating in practice a certain degree of sustainability. In this regard, this study aims at measuring the sustainability of smallholder livestock farming in the Peruvian Amazon. Sustainability was measured using a multi‐criteria method, through the construction of sustainability indicators based on information obtained from field surveys, and soil and macrofauna sampling in the pastures. For this purpose, economic, environmental, and socio‐cultural indicators were considered, with a rating scale from 0 to 4, where 0 is the least sustainable category and 4 is the most sustainable one. Smallholder livestock farming was considered sustainable if the general sustainability index (GenSI) was equal to or greater than 2 and, at the same time, if none of the three indicators had a value lower than 2. The socio‐cultural indicator was within the sustainability threshold, but the economic and environmental indicators did not fulfill the necessary requirements to consider smallholder livestock farming a sustainable activity in the city of Yurimaguas, Peru. The critical points affecting the sustainability of smallholder livestock farming in Yurimaguas were as follows: degraded soils, lack of silvopastoral systems, inefficient transport system, low annual income, and low levels of associativity. The results suggest the need for mitigating these limitations, as well as promoting associativity and implementing silvopastoral systems for the improvement of the welfare of smallholder livestock farmers.
Semivariance and semiskew risk premiums in currency markets
Authors: Da Fonseca José , Dawui Edem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing a model‐free methodology, variance, and skew swaps are extracted from currency options for several foreign exchange rates. These swaps are decomposed into semivariance and semiskew swaps and can also be used to define the variance‐skew swap. The decomposed “up” and “down” semivariance swaps, the “down” semiskew swap and the variance‐skew swap explain well the currency excess return. These properties remain valid when considering the prediction of the currency excess return. Lastly, trimming these variables does not affect the results implying that extreme values of the distribution convey little information regarding the evolution of the currency excess return.
Exploring gene–gene interaction in family‐based data with an unsupervised machine learning method: EPISFA
Authors: Xiang Xiao , Wang Siyue , Liu Tianyi , Wang Mengying , Li Jiawen , Jiang Jin , Wu Tao , Hu Yonghua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGene–gene interaction (G × G) is thought to fill the gap between the estimated heritability of complex diseases and the limited genetic proportion explained by identified single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. The current tools for exploring G × G were often developed for case‐control designs with less considerations for their applications in families. Family‐based studies are robust against bias led from population stratification in genetic studies and helpful in understanding G × G. We proposed a new algorithm epistasis sparse factor analysis (EPISFA) and epistasis sparse factor analysis for linkage disequilibrium (EPISFA‐LD) based on unsupervised machine learning to screen G × G. Extensive simulations were performed to compare EPISFA/EPISFA‐LD with a classical family‐based algorithm FAM‐MDR (family‐based multifactor dimensionality reduction). The results showed that EPISFA/EPISFA‐LD is a tool of both high power and computational efficiency that could be applied in family designs and is applicable within high‐dimensionality datasets. Finally, we applied EPISFA/EPISFA‐LD to a real dataset drawn from the Fangshan/family‐based Ischemic Stroke Study in China. Five pairs of G × G were discovered by EPISFA/EPISFA‐LD, including three pairs verified by other algorithms (FAM‐MDR and logistic), and an additional two pairs uniquely identified by EPISFA/EPISFA‐LD only. The results from EPISFA might offer new insights for understanding the genetic etiology of complex diseases. EPISFA/EPISFA‐LD was implemented in R. All relevant source code as well as simulated data could be freely downloaded from https://github.com/doublexism/episfa.
Childhood adversity and major depression in later life: A competing‐risks regression analysis
Authors: Xiang Xiaoling , Wang Xiafei 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThis study examined the relationship between childhood adversities and major depression in older adults over 8 years.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 16 946 participants aged 51 years and older from the US Health and Retirement Study. Major depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Competing‐risks regression analysis was conducted to examine the impact of each childhood adversity on late‐life major depression and the potential moderation effects of sex, race/ethnicity, and adulthood trauma.ResultsAfter controlling for covariates, childhood adversities including physical abuse by a parent (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49‐1.89, P < .001), trouble with the police (SHR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.13‐1.54, P = .001), receiving help because of financial difficulties (SHR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05‐1.31, P = .006), and parental substance abuse (SHR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.23, P = .037) were associated with a higher rate of major depression in later life. The association of physical abuse and major depression was stronger for men than women (SHR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.15‐1.85, P = .002), despite an overall lower risk of major depression among men. Potential adulthood trauma had a weaker association with late‐life major depression in the presence of childhood physical abuse (SHR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85‐0.98, P = .015). There was a significant dose‐response relationship (SHR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.16‐1.24, P < .001).ConclusionsChildhood adversities increase the risk of major depression in later life, particularly for those who experienced physical abuse and trouble with the police. Men may be more susceptible to the mental health detriments of childhood adversities.
Alzheimer's disease biomarkers as predictors of trajectories of depression and apathy in cognitively normal individuals, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease dementia
Authors: Banning Leonie C. P. , Ramakers Inez H. G. B. , Rosenberg Paul B. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie S. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo examine trajectories of depression and apathy over a 5‐year follow‐up period in (prodromal) Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to relate these trajectories to AD biomarkers.MethodsThe trajectories of depression and apathy (measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory or its questionnaire) were separately modeled using growth mixture models for two cohorts (National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, NACC, n = 22 760 and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, ADNI, n = 1 733). The trajectories in ADNI were associated with baseline CSF AD biomarkers (Aβ42, t‐tau, and p‐tau) using bias‐corrected multinomial logistic regression.ResultsMultiple classes were identified, with the largest classes having no symptoms over time. Lower Aβ42 and higher tau (ie, more AD pathology) was associated with increased probability of depression and apathy over time, compared to classes without symptoms. Lower Aβ42 (but not tau) was associated with a steep increase of apathy, whereas higher tau (but not Aβ42) was associated with a steep decrease of apathy.DiscussionThe trajectories of depression and apathy in individuals on the AD spectrum are associated with AD biomarkers.
Capacity of Palestinian primary health care system to prevent and control of non‐communicable diseases in Gaza Strip, Palestine: A capacity assessment analysis based on adapted WHO‐PEN tool
Authors: Albelbeisi Ahmed Hassan , Albelbeisi Ali , El Bilbeisi Abdel Hamid , Takian Amirhossein , Akbari‐Sari Ali 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe prevalence of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing in low‐income countries including Palestine. This study was conducted to assess the capacity of Palestinian primary health care system to prevent and control of NCDs. This cross‐sectional study in which, the World Health Organization package of essential NCDs interventions (WHO‐PEN) tool, was used to assess the capacity of primary health care centers (PHCs) to prevent and control of NCDs. All governmental PHCs (n = 52) in Gaza Strip, Palestine were included in the final analysis. The centers readiness score was calculated as the average of domains indices. Then, the indices were compared to an agreed cutoff at 70%. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Out of 52 PHCs, only 21 (40.4%) were considered ready to prevent and control of NCDs; the highest readiness score was 79.4% and the lowest score was 29.2%. Furthermore, all governorates were not ready to prevent and control of NCDs (The readiness scores were < 70%), distributed as follow: 68.6%, 68.1%, 67.7%, 62.5% and 56.4%, for Rafah, Gaza, Khan‐Yunis, Deir Al Balah and North Gaza, respectively. The governorates were differed significantly in terms of availability of aneroid blood pressure measuring devices, electrocardiography devices, Glibenclamide and Salbutamol tablets, patients counseling for diabetes self‐management, patients education for self‐administration of insulin (P values <.05 for all). The current study demonstrated critical gaps in the governmental PHCs capacity to prevent and control of NCDs, as most of PHCs failed to reach the minimum threshold of the WHO‐PEN standards.
Does competition lead to financial stability or financial fragility for Islamic and conventional banks? Evidence from the GCC countries
Authors: Albaity Mohamed , Mallek Ray Saadaoui , Hassan Al‐Tamimi Hussein A. , Noman Abu Hanifa Md. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the nexus between stability and competition in the banking sector of the Gulf Cooperation Council. We examined a sample of 75 banks over the period 2006–2016. We found a U‐shaped relationship between bank stability and competition suggesting competition‐stability and competition‐fragility nexus. Banking concentration was found to affect instability negatively, which supported the “too important to be bailed out” view. Furthermore, we found that Islamic banks were less stable compared to conventional banks. We also found that bank size, profitability and capital regulation increase bank stability. In addition, the stock market return and the level of debt‐to‐GDP increase instability while the growth in oil price increase stability. Our findings are relevant to regulators to impose or release restrictions that boost financial stability.