bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distal embolization during percutaneous revascularization of the lower extremity arteries
Authors: Boc Anja , Blinc Aleš , Boc Vinko 
Published: June 2020

Summary: Background: Percutaneous endovascular therapy is nowadays the leading treatment option for patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease, but it can be complicated with distal embolization (DE). Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 2054 endovascular revascularization interventions performed in patients with disabling claudication or chronic critical limb ischemia in the Catheterisation Laboratory of the Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana between January 2014 and December 2018. Lesions were treated by balloon angioplasty and/or stent implantation, without atherectomy. Results: The overall incidence of DE was 0.9%. DE was more frequent in females than males (1.6% vs 0.5%, p = 0.011), in the absence of antiplatelet treatment prior to intervention compared to previous antiplatelet treatment (2.1% vs 0.6%, p = 0.005) and in femoropopliteal stenting compared to angioplasty without stenting (2.2% vs 0.8%, p = 0.037). DE was successfully managed with percutaneous aspiration, in combination with angioplasty when necessary, in 84% of cases. In remaining 16% of patients, DE was managed with surgical thromboembolectomy. Conclusions: The incidence of DE during endovascular revascularization of chronic atherosclerotic lesions in lower limb arteries without use of atherectomy was low. DE was more frequent in women, in patients without prior antiplatelet treatment and in femoropopliteal stenting. The majority of DE was successfully managed percutaneously.
Direct Radiative Forcing Induced by Light‐Absorbing Aerosols in Different Climate Regions Over East Asia
Authors: Zhang Xiaorui , Chen Siyu , Kang Litai , Yuan Tiangang , Luo Yuan , Alam Khan , Li Jixiang , He Yongli , Bi Hongru , Zhao Dan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLight‐absorbing aerosols (LAAs), mainly composed of black carbon (BC) and dust aerosols, are responsible for significant climate forcing through their strong absorption of solar radiation. A fully coupled meteorology‐chemistry model (WRF‐Chem) associated with satellite retrievals and in situ measurements is used to investigate the direct radiative forcing (DRF) induced by LAAs in different climate regions over East Asia. Results show that the annual all‐sky dust and BC DRF are −0.84 and 1.06 W m−2 at the top of atmosphere (TOA), −1.23 and −1.55 W m−2 at the surface (SUR), and 0.39 and 2.61 W m−2 within the atmosphere (ATM) over East Asia. Large LAAs DRF can be found in hyper‐arid, subhumid, and humid regions at the SUR and ATM where dust DRF dominates the surface cooling effect, while BC DRF is predominant in the eminent warming effect on ATM in most climate regions. The meteorological conditions in hyper‐arid region are associated with enhanced surface wind and weakened atmospheric wind, which is in favor of the emission and accumulation of dust supporting the positive LAAs DRF anomalies higher than 10 W m−2 in hyper‐arid region. The positive geopotential height anomalies over Northeast China weaken the westerly winds, which is beneficial to the accumulation of LAAs, and results in the positive LAAs DRF anomalies of 3 W m−2 in semiarid regions. The large LAAs mass loading, strong aerosol absorptive ability, and decreased cloudiness caused by northerly anomalies are responsible for the high LAAs DRF in humid region.
Evaluation of Iceberg Calving Models Against Observations From Greenland Outlet Glaciers
Authors: Amaral Tristan , Bartholomaus Timothy C. , Enderlin Ellyn M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrontal ablation processes at marine‐terminating glaciers are challenging to observe and difficult to represent in numerical ice flow models, yet play critical roles in modulating ice sheet mass balance. Current ice sheet models typically rely on simple iceberg calving models to prescribe either terminus positions or iceberg calving rates, but the relative accuracies and uncertainties of these calving models remain largely unconstrained at the ice sheet scale. Here, we evaluate six published iceberg calving models against spatially and temporally diverse observations from 50 marine‐terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland. We seek the single model that best reproduces observed conditions across all glaciers, at all observation times, and with low sensitivity to calibration uncertainty. Five of six calving models can produce unbiased estimates of calving position or calving rate at the ice sheet scale. However, time series analysis reveals that, when using a single, optimized model parameter, rate‐predicting calving models frequently yield calving rate errors in excess of 10 m d−1. In comparison, terminus position‐predicting calving models more accurately track observed changes in terminus position (remaining within ~1 km of the observed grounded terminus position). Overall, our results indicate that the crevasse depth calving model provides the best balance of high accuracy and low sensitivity to imperfect parameter calibration. While the crevasse depth model appears unlikely to capture the true controls on crevasse penetration, numerically, it reproduces observed terminus dynamics with high fidelity and should be considered a leading candidate for use in models of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Atmosphere‐Soil Interactions Govern Ecosystem Flux Sensitivity to Environmental Conditions in Semiarid Woody Ecosystems Over Varying Timescales
Authors: Samuels‐Crow Kimberly E. , Ogle Kiona , Litvak Marcy E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWater and CO2 flux responses (e.g., evapotranspiration [ET] and net ecosystem exchange [NEE]) to environmental conditions can provide insights into how climate change will affect the terrestrial water and carbon budgets, especially in sensitive semiarid ecosystems. Here, we evaluated sensitivity of daily ET and NEE to current and antecedent (past) environment conditions, including atmospheric (vapor pressure deficit [VPD] and air temperature [Tair]) and moisture (precipitation and soil water) drivers. We focused on two common southwestern U.S. (“Southwest”) biomes: pinyon‐juniper woodland (Pinus edulis, Juniperus monosperma) and ponderosa pine forest (Pinus ponderosa). Due to differences in aridity, rooting patterns, and plant physiological strategies (stomatal and hydraulic traits), we expected ET and NEE in these ecosystems to respond differently to atmospheric and moisture drivers, with longer response timescales in the drier pinyon‐juniper woodland. Net sensitivity to drivers varied temporally in both ecosystems, reflecting the integrated influence of interacting drivers and antecedent precipitation patterns. NEE sensitivity to VPD and soil moisture (and ET sensitivity to deep soil moisture [Sdeep]) was higher in the ponderosa forest. ET and NEE in both ecosystems responded almost instantaneously to Tair, VPD, and shallow soil moisture (Sshall), and increases in any of these drivers weakened the carbon sink and enhanced water loss. Conversely, Sdeep and precipitation influenced ET and NEE over longer timescales (days to months, respectively), and higher Sdeep enhanced the carbon sink. As climate changes, these results suggest hotter and drier conditions will weaken the carbon sink and exacerbate water loss from Southwest pinyon‐juniper and ponderosa ecosystems.
Local Grid Refinement in New Zealand's Earth System Model: Tasman Sea Ocean Circulation Improvements and Super‐Gyre Circulation Implications
Authors: Behrens Erik , Williams Jonny , Morgenstern Olaf , Sutton Phil , Rickard Graham , Williams Michael J. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the development of New Zealand's Earth System Model (NZESM) and evaluates its performance against its parent model (United Kingdom Earth System Model, UKESM) and observations. The main difference between the two earth system models is an embedded high‐resolution (1/5°) nested region over the oceans around New Zealand in the NZESM. Due to this finer ocean model mesh, currents such as the East Australian Current, East Australian Current Extension, Tasman Front, and Tasman Leakage, and their volume and heat transports are better simulated in the NZESM. The improved oceanic transports have led to a reduction in upper ocean temperature and salinity biases over the nested region. In addition, net transports through the Tasman Sea of volume, heat and salt in the NZESM agree better with previously reported estimates. A consequence of the increased cross‐Tasman Sea transports in the NZESM is increased temperatures and salinity west of Australia and in the Southern Ocean reducing the meridional sea surface temperature gradient between the subtropics and sub‐Antarctic. This also leads to a weakening of the westerly winds between 60°S and 45°S over large parts of the Southern Ocean, which reduces the northward Ekman transport, reduces the formation of Antarctic Intermediate Water, and allows for a southward expansion of the Super‐Gyre in all ocean basins. Connecting an improved oceanic circulation around New Zealand to a basin‐wide Super‐Gyre response is an important step forward in our current understanding of how local scales can influence global scales in a fully coupled earth system model.
Understanding Cloud Droplet Spectral Dispersion Effect Using Empirical and Semi‐Analytical Parameterizations in NCAR CAM5.3
Authors: Wang Minqi , Peng Yiran , Liu Yangang , Liu Yu , Xie Xiaoning , Guo Zengyuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFive parameterizations of cloud droplet spectral shape are implemented in a global climate model to investigate the dispersion effect and aerosol indirect effect (AIE). We design a series of experiments by modifying the microphysical cloud scheme of NCAR CAM5.3 (National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model Version 5.3). We employ four empirical (Martin94, RLiu03, PengL03, and Liu08) and one semi‐analytical (LiuLi15) expressions for cloud droplet spectral shape parameters. Analysis focuses on the instantaneous differences in the simulated cloud microphysical properties and the comparison between model output and satellite data. The results show that RLiu03, PengL03, and LiuLi15 produce wider droplet spectrum and faster autoconversion rate, but Liu08 has a narrower droplet spectrum and slower autoconversion rate than the default parameterization (Martin94) in CAM5.3. Global dispersion effects caused by the five parameterizations modify the aerosol indirect effect by −10% (counteract) to 13% (strengthen). The simulated AIEs and dispersion effects exhibit noticeably spatial inhomogeneity. In the sensitive regions of AIE (Southeast Asia, North Pacific, and West Coast of South America), we decompose the response of shortwave cloud forcing to the change in droplet number for analysis. The varying dispersion effects can be explained by different responses of cloud properties in different spectral parameterizations.
Climate‐Driven Weathering Shifts Between Highlands and Floodplains
Authors: Yu Zhaojie , Colin Christophe , Bassinot Franck , Wan Shiming , Bayon Germain 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChemical weathering of silicate rocks on continents is thought to have played an important role in the evolution of past atmospheric carbon dioxide over geologic timescales. However, the detailed links between continental weathering and climate change over shorter timescales, and their potential impact on sediment records deposited in the ocean, remain poorly understood. Here, we present clay mineralogy and strontium‐neodymium isotopic data for marine sediment records from the Northern Indian Ocean, with the aim of investigating the weathering response of large Himalayan river basins to orbital and millennial climate forcing. We show that past glaciated episodes of the late Quaternary corresponded to periods of increased physical erosion, associated with the preferential export of illite and chlorite assemblages from the Himalayan highlands having relatively radiogenic Sr isotopic signatures. In contrast, the warm periods of enhanced monsoon rainfall coincided with the transport of intensively weathered smectite‐dominated soils derived from the floodplains, characterized by lower 87Sr/86Sr signatures. This finding suggests that the short‐term climatic variability over late Quaternary timescales was accompanied by concomitant changes between high mountain‐ versus floodplain‐dominated weathering regimes, with possible impact on the nature of weathered rocks and, as a consequence, on the carbon cycle.
Assessing similarities and disparities in the skin microbiota between wild and laboratory populations of house mice
Authors: Belheouane Meriem , Vallier Marie , Čepić Aleksa , Chung Cecilia J , Ibrahim Saleh , Baines John F 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe house mouse is a key model organism in skin research including host–microbiota interactions, yet little is known about the skin microbiota of free-living mice. It is similarly unclear how closely laboratory mice, which typically live under exceptionally hygienic conditions, resemble the ancestral state of microbial variation in the wild. In this study, we sampled an area spanning 270 km2 in south-west France and collected 203 wild Mus musculus domesticus. We profiled the ear skin microbiota on standing and active communities (DNA-based and RNA-based 16 rRNA gene sequencing, respectively), and compared multiple community aspects between wild-caught and laboratory-reared mice kept in distinct facilities. Compared to lab mice, we reveal the skin microbiota of wild mice on the one hand to be unique in their composition within the Staphylococcus genus, with a majority of sequences most closely matching known novobiocin-resistant species, and display evidence of a rare biosphere. On the other hand, despite drastic disparities between natural and laboratory environments, we find that shared taxa nonetheless make up the majority of the core skin microbiota of both wild- and laboratory skin communities, suggesting that mammalian skin is a highly specialized habitat capable of strong selection from available species pools. Finally, the influence of environmental factors suggests RNA-based profiling as a preferred method to reduce environmental noise.
Non-natural ruthenium isotope ratios of the undeclared 2017 atmospheric release consistent with civilian nuclear activities
Authors: Hopp Timo , Zok Dorian , Kleine Thorsten , Steinhauser Georg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the circumstances of the undeclared 2017 nuclear release of ruthenium that led to widespread detections of the radioisotope 106Ru in the Eurasian region, and whether it derives from a civilian or military source, is of major importance for society and future improvements in nuclear safety. Until now, the released nuclear material has merely been studied by analyzing short-lived radioisotopes. Here, we report precise measurements of the stable isotopic composition of ruthenium captured in air filters before, during, and after the nuclear release, and find that the ruthenium collected during the period of the 2017 nuclear release has a non-natural isotopic composition. By comparing our results with ruthenium isotopic compositions of spent nuclear fuels, we show that the release is consistent with the isotopic fingerprints of a civilian Russian water-water energetic reactor (VVER) fuel at the end of its lifetime, and is not related to the production of plutonium for nuclear weapons.
Mineral dust increases the habitability of terrestrial planets but confounds biomarker detection
Authors: Boutle Ian A. , Joshi Manoj , Lambert F. Hugo , Mayne Nathan J. , Lyster Duncan , Manners James , Ridgway Robert , Kohary Krisztian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIdentification of habitable planets beyond our solar system is a key goal of current and future space missions. Yet habitability depends not only on the stellar irradiance, but equally on constituent parts of the planetary atmosphere. Here we show, for the first time, that radiatively active mineral dust will have a significant impact on the habitability of Earth-like exoplanets. On tidally-locked planets, dust cools the day-side and warms the night-side, significantly widening the habitable zone. Independent of orbital configuration, we suggest that airborne dust can postpone planetary water loss at the inner edge of the habitable zone, through a feedback involving decreasing ocean coverage and increased dust loading. The inclusion of dust significantly obscures key biomarker gases (e.g. ozone, methane) in simulated transmission spectra, implying an important influence on the interpretation of observations. We demonstrate that future observational and theoretical studies of terrestrial exoplanets must consider the effect of dust.
Restriction of essential amino acids dictates the systemic metabolic response to dietary protein dilution
Authors: Yap Yann W. , Rusu Patricia M. , Chan Andrea Y. , Fam Barbara C. , Jungmann Andreas , Solon-Biet Samantha M. , Barlow Christopher K. , Creek Darren J. , Huang Cheng , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Morgan Bruce , Schmoll Dieter , Kiens Bente , Piper Matthew D. W. , Heikenwälder Mathias , Simpson Stephen J. , Bröer Stefan , Andrikopoulos Sofianos , Müller Oliver J. , Rose Adam J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDietary protein dilution (DPD) promotes metabolic-remodelling and -health but the precise nutritional components driving this response remain elusive. Here, by mimicking amino acid (AA) supply from a casein-based diet, we demonstrate that restriction of dietary essential AA (EAA), but not non-EAA, drives the systemic metabolic response to total AA deprivation; independent from dietary carbohydrate supply. Furthermore, systemic deprivation of threonine and tryptophan, independent of total AA supply, are both adequate and necessary to confer the systemic metabolic response to both diet, and genetic AA-transport loss, driven AA restriction. Dietary threonine restriction (DTR) retards the development of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. Liver-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 is required for the metabolic remodelling with DTR. Strikingly, hepatocyte-selective establishment of threonine biosynthetic capacity reverses the systemic metabolic response to DTR. Taken together, our studies of mice demonstrate that the restriction of EAA are sufficient and necessary to confer the systemic metabolic effects of DPD.
CYCLIN-B1/2 and -D1 act in opposition to coordinate cortical progenitor self-renewal and lineage commitment
Authors: Hagey Daniel W. , Topcic Danijal , Kee Nigel , Reynaud Florie , Bergsland Maria , Perlmann Thomas , Muhr Jonas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe sequential generation of layer-specific cortical neurons requires radial glia cells (RGCs) to precisely balance self-renewal and lineage commitment. While specific cell-cycle phases have been associated with these decisions, the mechanisms linking the cell-cycle machinery to cell-fate commitment remain obscure. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we find that the strongest transcriptional signature defining multipotent RGCs is that of G2/M-phase, and particularly CYCLIN-B1/2, while lineage-committed progenitors are enriched in G1/S-phase genes, including CYCLIN-D1. These data also reveal cell-surface markers that allow us to isolate RGCs and lineage-committed progenitors, and functionally confirm the relationship between cell-cycle phase enrichment and cell fate competence. Finally, we use cortical electroporation to demonstrate that CYCLIN-B1/2 cooperate with CDK1 to maintain uncommitted RGCs by activating the NOTCH pathway, and that CYCLIN-D1 promotes differentiation. Thus, this work establishes that cell-cycle phase-specific regulators act in opposition to coordinate the self-renewal and lineage commitment of RGCs via core stem cell regulatory pathways.
Dicer-like 5 deficiency confers temperature-sensitive male sterility in maize
Authors: Teng Chong , Zhang Han , Hammond Reza , Huang Kun , Meyers Blake C. , Walbot Virginia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSmall RNAs play important roles during plant development by regulating transcript levels of target mRNAs, maintaining genome integrity, and reinforcing DNA methylation.Dicer-like 5(Dcl5) is proposed to be responsible for precise slicing in many monocots to generate diverse 24-nt phased, secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs), which are exceptionally abundant in meiotic anthers of diverse flowering plants. The importance and functions of these phasiRNAs remain unclear. Here, we characterized several mutants ofdcl5, including alleles generated by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas9system and a transposon-disrupted allele. We report thatdcl5mutants have few or no 24-nt phasiRNAs, develop short anthers with defective tapetal cells, and exhibit temperature-sensitive male fertility. We propose that DCL5 and 24-nt phasiRNAs are critical for fertility under growth regimes for optimal yield.
The lateralization of left hippocampal CA3 during the retrieval of spatial working memory
Authors: Song Da , Wang Deheng , Yang Qinghu , Yan Tianyi , Wang Zhe , Yan Yan , Zhao Juan , Xie Zhen , Liu Yuchen , Ke Zunji , Qazi Talal Jamil , Li Yanhui , Wu Yili , Shi Qing , Lang Yiran , Zhang Heao , Huang Tao , Wang Chunjian , Quan Zhenzhen , Qing Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hippocampal CA3 contributes to spatial working memory (SWM), but which stage of SWM the CA3 neurons act on and whether the lateralization of CA3 function occurs in SWM is also unknown. Here, we reveal increased neural activity in both sample and choice phases of SWM. Left CA3 (LCA3) neurons show higher sensitivity in the choice phase during the correct versus error trials compared with right CA3 (RCA3) neurons. LCA3 initiates firing prior to RCA3 in the choice phase. Optogenetic suppression of pyramidal neurons in LCA3 disrupts SWM only in the choice phase. Furthermore, we discover that parvalbumin (PV) neurons, rather than cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (DB were cholinergic neurons), can project directly to unilateral CA3. Selective suppression of PV neurons in the MS projecting to LCA3 impairs SWM. The findings suggest that MSPV-LCA3 projection plays a crucial role in manipulating the lateralization of LCA3 in the retrieval of SWM.
The genetic basis of sex determination in grapes
Authors: Massonnet Mélanie , Cochetel Noé , Minio Andrea , Vondras Amanda M. , Lin Jerry , Muyle Aline , Garcia Jadran F. , Zhou Yongfeng , Delledonne Massimo , Riaz Summaira , Figueroa-Balderas Rosa , Gaut Brandon S. , Cantu Dario 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt remains a major challenge to identify the genes and mutations that lead to plant sexual differentiation. Here, we study the structure and evolution of the sex-determining region (SDR) in Vitis species. We report an improved, chromosome-scale Cabernet Sauvignon genome sequence and the phased assembly of nine wild and cultivated grape genomes. By resolving twenty Vitis SDR haplotypes, we compare male, female, and hermaphrodite haplotype structures and identify sex-linked regions. Coupled with gene expression data, we identify a candidate male-sterility mutation in the VviINP1 gene and potential female-sterility function associated with the transcription factor VviYABBY3. Our data suggest that dioecy has been lost during domestication through a rare recombination event between male and female haplotypes. This work significantly advances the understanding of the genetic basis of sex determination in Vitis and provides the information necessary to rapidly identify sex types in grape breeding programs.