bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent Evolution of Elongate Forms in Craniates and of Locomotion in Elongate Squamate Reptiles
Authors: Bergmann Philip J , Mann Sara D W , Morinaga Gen , Freitas Elyse S , Siler Cameron D 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSynopsis Elongate, snake- or eel-like, body forms have evolved convergently many times in most major lineages of vertebrates. Despite studies of various clades with elongate species, we still lack an understanding of their evolutionary dynamics and distribution on the vertebrate tree of life. We also do not know whether this convergence in body form coincides with convergence at other biological levels. Here, we present the first craniate-wide analysis of how many times elongate body forms have evolved, as well as rates of its evolution and reversion to a non-elongate form. We then focus on five convergently elongate squamate species and test if they converged in vertebral number and shape, as well as their locomotor performance and kinematics. We compared each elongate species to closely related quadrupedal species and determined whether the direction of vertebral or locomotor change matched in each case. The five lineages examined are obscure species from remote locations, providing a valuable glimpse into their biology. They are the skink lizards Brachymeles lukbani, Lerista praepedita, and Isopachys anguinoides, the basal squamate Dibamus novaeguineae, and the basal snake Malayotyphlops cf. ruficaudus. Our results support convergence among these species in the number of trunk and caudal vertebrae, but not vertebral shape. We also find that the elongate species are relatively slower than their limbed counterparts and move with lower frequency and higher amplitude body undulations, with the exception of Isopachys. This is among the first evidence of locomotor convergence across distantly related, elongate species.
A Generalization of Steinberg Theory and an Exotic Moment Map
Authors: Fresse Lucas , Nishiyama Kyo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For a reductive group $G$, Steinberg established a map from the Weyl group to the set of nilpotent $G$-orbits by using moment maps on double flag varieties. In particular, in the case of the general linear group, it provides a geometric interpretation of the Robinson–Schensted correspondence between permutations and pairs of standard tableaux of the same shape. We extend Steinberg’s approach to the case of a symmetric pair $(G, K)$ to obtain two different maps, namely a generalized Steinberg map and an exotic moment map. Although the framework is general, in this paper we focus on the pair $(G,K) = (\textrm{GL}_{2n}({\mathbb{C}}), \textrm{GL}_n({\mathbb{C}}) \times \textrm{GL}_n({\mathbb{C}}))$. Then the generalized Steinberg map is a map from partial permutations to the pairs of nilpotent orbits in $ \mathfrak{gl}_n({\mathbb{C}}) $. It involves a generalization of the classical Robinson–Schensted correspondence to the case of partial permutations. The other map, the exotic moment map, establishes a combinatorial map from the set of partial permutations to that of signed Young diagrams, that is, the set of nilpotent $ K$-orbits in the Cartan space $(\textrm{Lie}(G)/\textrm{Lie}(K))^* $. We explain the geometric background of the theory and combinatorial algorithms, which produce the above-mentioned maps.
Poetry in action: Networks of literary communication and the cultural leverage in the eighteenth-century Seoul
Authors: Yoo Jamie Jungmin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article revisits the study of the poetry communities, sisa, in the eighteenth-century Seoul, in terms of their membership, structural patterns, and boundaries of interaction. By applying methods in the digital humanities such as social network analysis and geographical information systems, I argue that literary activities in the sisa were performed beyond the factional demarcations, and cultural leverage was determined by their positional advantage in the community structure, not imposed by the political dominance. The factional affiliations of the participants were not directly correlated with the formation of cultural identities. The poetry communities functioned as major loci of cultural textual networks in the late Chosŏn Seoul. Paying no heed to hierarchical distinction, the participants enjoyed the convivial spontaneous environments and shared their literary works with one another. Focusing on the collaborative nature of the era, many modern scholars have examined the kinship, social classes, and political orientations of the community members; furthermore, some argue that those who belonged to influential political factions also exercised their cultural influence and set mainstream literary trends. My research differs from previous contributions in its emphasis on the relational community structure and the information flow. Measuring the homogeneity, centralities, and membership, I prove that the cultural practices were much more complicated beyond the social–political system, and explain how politically marginalized people were able to gain leverage in the cultural world.
C
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with C, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Cabergoline, Caffeine citrate, Calcium gluconate and other calcium salts, Captopril, Carbamazepine, Carglumic acid, Carnitine (levocarnitine [INN], L-carnitine), Caspofungin, Cefalexin = Cephalexin (USAN and former BAN), Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Chloral hydrate, Chloramphenicol, Chloroquine, Chlorothiazide, Chlorphenamine = Chlorpheniramine (USAN and former BAN), Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Citrulline, Clarithromycin, Clindamycin, Clobazam, Clonazepam, Clonidine, Co-amoxiclav = amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (iNN), Codeine phosphate, and Co-trimoxazole
D
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with D, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Dalteparin, Dexamethasone, Diamorphine (heroin), Diazepam, Diazoxide, Digoxin, Digoxin-specific antibody, Dihydrocodeine, Dobutamine, Domperidone, Dopamine, Dornase alfa (recombinant human DNase), and Doxapram
P
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with P, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Palivizumab, Pamidronate disodium, Pancreatin, Pancuronium, Paracetamol = Acetaminophen (USAN), Parenteral nutrition, Penicillin (Penicillin G; Benzylpenicillin), Pethidine = Meperidine (USAN), Phenobarbital = Phenobarbitone (former BAN), Phenytoin, Phosphate, Piperacillin with tazobactam (piperacillin-tazobactam), Plasma albumin (human albumin solution), Plasma substitutes, Platelets, Pneumococcal vaccines, Polio vaccines, Polystyrene sulfonate resins, Potassium chloride, Praziquantel, Prednisolone, Probiotics, Progesterone, Proguanil (with or without atovaquone), Propofol, Propranolol, Prostaglandins E1 (alprostadil) and E2 (dinoprostone), Pyrazinamide, Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and pyridoxal phosphate, and Pyrimethamine
Asymmetric spatial distribution of subsolar metallicity stars in the Milky Way nuclear star cluster
Authors: Feldmeier-Krause A , Kerzendorf W , Do T , Nogueras-Lara F , Neumayer N , Walcher C J , Seth A , Schödel R , de Zeeuw P T , Hilker M , Lützgendorf N , Kuntschner H , Kissler-Patig M 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We present stellar metallicity measurements of more than 600 late-type stars in the central 10 pc of the Galactic Centre. Together with our previously published KMOS data, this data set allows us to investigate, for the first time, spatial variations of the nuclear star cluster’s metallicity distribution. Using the integral-field spectrograph KMOS (VLT), we observed almost half of the area enclosed by the nuclear star cluster’s effective radius. We extract spectra at medium spectral resolution and apply full spectral fitting utilizing the PHOENIX library of synthetic stellar spectra. The stellar metallicities range from [M/H] = −1.25 dex to [M/H] &gt; +0.3 dex, with most of the stars having supersolar metallicity. We are able to measure an anisotropy of the stellar metallicity distribution. In the Galactic north, the portion of subsolar metallicity stars with [M/H] &lt; 0.0 dex is more than twice as high as in the Galactic south. One possible explanation for different fractions of subsolar metallicity stars in different parts of the cluster is a recent merger event. We propose to test this hypothesis with high-resolution spectroscopy and by combining the metallicity information with kinematic data.
A Volume-limited Sample of Cataclysmic Variables from Gaia DR2: Space Density and Population Properties
Authors: Pala A F , Gänsicke B T , Breedt E , Knigge C , Hermes J J , Gentile Fusillo N P , Hollands M A , Naylor T , Pelisoli I , Schreiber M R , Toonen S , Aungwerojwit A , Cukanovaite E , Dennihy E , Manser C J , Pretorius M L , Scaringi S , Toloza O 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the first volume-limited sample of cataclysmic variables (CVs), selected using the accurate parallaxes provided by the second data release (DR2) of the European Space Agency Gaia space mission. The sample is composed of 42 CVs within 150 pc, including two new systems discovered using the Gaia data, and is $(77 \pm 10)$ per cent complete. We use this sample to study the intrinsic properties of the Galactic CV population. In particular, the CV space density we derive, $\rho =(4.8^{+0.6}_{-0.8}) \times 10^{-6}\, \mbox{$\mathrm{pc}^{-3}$}$, is lower than that predicted by most binary population synthesis studies. We also find a low fraction of period bounce CVs, seven per cent, and an average white dwarf mass of $\langle M_\mathrm{WD} \rangle = (0.83 \pm 0.17)\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. Both findings confirm previous results, ruling out the presence of observational biases affecting these measurements, as has been suggested in the past. The observed fraction of period bounce CVs falls well below theoretical predictions, by at least a factor of five, and remains one of the open problems in the current understanding of CV evolution. Conversely, the average white dwarf mass supports the presence of additional mechanisms of angular momentum loss that have been accounted for in the latest evolutionary models. The fraction of magnetic CVs in the 150 pc sample is remarkably high at 36 per cent. This is in striking contrast with the absence of magnetic white dwarfs in the detached population of CV progenitors, and underlines that the evolution of magnetic systems has to be included in the next generation of population models.
Stellar wind effects on the atmospheres of close-in giants: a possible reduction in escape instead of increased erosion
Authors: Vidotto A A , Cleary A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The atmospheres of highly irradiated exoplanets are observed to undergo hydrodynamic escape. However, due to strong pressures, stellar winds can confine planetary atmospheres, reducing their escape. Here, we investigate under which conditions atmospheric escape of close-in giants could be confined by the large pressure of their host star’s winds. For that, we simulate escape in planets at a range of orbital distances ([0.04, 0.14] au), planetary gravities ([36, 87 per cent] of Jupiter’s gravity), and ages ([1, 6.9] Gyr). For each of these simulations, we calculate the ram pressure of these escaping atmospheres and compare them to the expected stellar wind external pressure to determine whether a given atmosphere is confined or not. We show that although younger close-in giants should experience higher levels of atmospheric escape, due to higher stellar irradiation, stellar winds are also stronger at young ages, potentially reducing escape of young exoplanets. Regardless of the age, we also find that there is always a region in our parameter space where atmospheric escape is confined, preferably occurring at higher planetary gravities and orbital distances. We investigate confinement of some known exoplanets and find that the atmosphere of several of them, including π Men c, should be confined by the winds of their host stars, thus potentially preventing escape in highly irradiated planets. Thus, the lack of hydrogen escape recently reported for π Men c could be caused by the stellar wind.
The intracluster light as a tracer of the total matter density distribution: a view from simulations
Authors: Alonso Asensio Isaac , Dalla Vecchia Claudio , Bahé Yannick M , Barnes David J , Kay Scott T 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
By using deep observations of clusters of galaxies, it has been recently found that the projected stellar mass density closely follows the projected total (dark and baryonic) mass density within the innermost ∼140 kpc. In this work, we aim to test these observations using the Cluster-EAGLE simulations, comparing the projected densities inferred directly from the simulations. We compare the iso-density contours using the procedure of Montes & Trujillo, and find that the shape of the stellar mass distribution follows that of the total matter even more closely than observed, although their radial profiles differ substantially. The ratio between stellar and total matter density profiles in circular apertures shows a slope close to −1, with a small dependence on the cluster’s total mass. We propose an indirect method to calculate the halo mass and mass density profile from the radial profile of the intracluster stellar mass density.
Atypical work, worker voice and supervisor responses
Authors: Sluiter Roderick , Manevska Katerina , Akkerman Agnes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study atypical workers’ experiences with voice of in the Netherlands. We take a relational approach to worker voice and hypothesize that atypical workers are particularly vulnerable to refrain from voice and to experience suppression. We test our hypotheses using unique data on workers’ actual experiences with voicing discontent and supervisors’ responses (N = 4708; collected in 2017 and 2018). We find that temporary and freelance work, job insecurity, replaceability and precarious values are barriers to worker voice. Job insecurity and precarious values are associated with less support and more suppression from supervisors. These insights offer a valuable contribution to scholarly and public debates on atypical work by demonstrating how it not only affects workers’ job security, income stability and entitlements but also reduces workers’ ability to speak up and solve problems at work.
Detecting sleep using heart rate and motion data from multisensor consumer-grade wearables, relative to wrist actigraphy and polysomnography
Authors: Roberts Daniel M , Schade Margeaux M , Mathew Gina M , Gartenberg Daniel , Buxton Orfeu M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesMultisensor wearable consumer devices allowing the collection of multiple data sources, such as heart rate and motion, for the evaluation of sleep in the home environment, are increasingly ubiquitous. However, the validity of such devices for sleep assessment has not been directly compared to alternatives such as wrist actigraphy or polysomnography (PSG).MethodsEight participants each completed four nights in a sleep laboratory, equipped with PSG and several wearable devices. Registered polysomnographic technologist-scored PSG served as ground truth for sleep–wake state. Wearable devices providing sleep–wake classification data were compared to PSG at both an epoch-by-epoch and night level. Data from multisensor wearables (Apple Watch and Oura Ring) were compared to data available from electrocardiography and a triaxial wrist actigraph to evaluate the quality and utility of heart rate and motion data. Machine learning methods were used to train and test sleep–wake classifiers, using data from consumer wearables. The quality of classifications derived from devices was compared.ResultsFor epoch-by-epoch sleep–wake performance, research devices ranged in d′ between 1.771 and 1.874, with sensitivity between 0.912 and 0.982, and specificity between 0.366 and 0.647. Data from multisensor wearables were strongly correlated at an epoch-by-epoch level with reference data sources. Classifiers developed from the multisensor wearable data ranged in d′ between 1.827 and 2.347, with sensitivity between 0.883 and 0.977, and specificity between 0.407 and 0.821.ConclusionsData from multisensor consumer wearables are strongly correlated with reference devices at the epoch level and can be used to develop epoch-by-epoch models of sleep–wake rivaling existing research devices.
Molecular docking analyses of CYP450 monooxygenases of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) reveal synergism of quercetin with paraoxon and tetraethyl pyrophosphate: in vivo and in silico studies
Authors: Ghaffar Ammarah , Sehgal Sheikh Arslan , Fatima Rida , Batool Roya , Aimen Ume , Awan Sliha , Batool Sajida , Ahmad Faheem , Nurulain Syed M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPest management in stored grain industry is a global issue due to the development of insecticide resistance in stored grain insect pests. Excessive use of insecticides at higher doses poses a serious threat of food contamination and residual toxicity for grain consumers. Since the development of new pesticide incurs heavy costs, identifying an effective synergist can provide a ready and economical tool for controlling resistant pest populations. Therefore, the synergistic property of quercetin with paraoxon and tetraethyl pyrophosphate has been evaluated against the larvae and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Comparative molecular docking analyses were carried out to further identify the possible mechanism of synergism. It was observed that quercetin has no insecticidal when applied at the rate of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/g; however, a considerable synergism was observed when applied in combination with paraoxon. The comparative molecular docking analyses of CYP450 monooxygenase (CYP15A1, CYP6BR1, CYP6BK2, CYP6BK3) family were performed with quercetin, paraoxon and tetraethyl pyrophosphate which revealed considerable molecular interactions, predicting the inhibition of CYP450 isoenzyme by all three ligands. The study concludes that quercetin may be an effective synergist for organophosphate pesticides depending upon the dose and type of the compound. In addition, in silico analyses of the structurally diversified organophosphates can effectively differentiate the organophosphates which are synergistic with quercetin.
Reducing Waste and Increasing Sustainability in Health Care Settings
Authors: Kleber Julie , Cohen Bevin 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Since the 1960s, plastic has been used in the production of medical equipment and products that improve patient comfort, safety, and treatment. Yet an unwelcome challenge has emerged in the years since: how to safely dispose of this material without negatively affecting human health and the environment. Working with medical devices and supplies that are constructed using plastics, nurses are at the forefront of this issue and must identify solutions, collaborate with other health care workers, and lead efforts to establish more sustainable options. This series is in collaboration with the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments (https://envirn.org).
Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist versus Pressure Support Ventilation in Difficult Weaning
Authors: Liu Ling , Xu Xiaoting , Sun Qin , Yu Yue , Xia Feiping , Xie Jianfeng , Yang Yi , Heunks Leo , Qiu Haibo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Difficult weaning frequently develops in ventilated patients and is associated with poor outcome. In neurally adjusted ventilatory assist, the ventilator is controlled by diaphragm electrical activity, which has been shown to improve patient–ventilator interaction. The objective of this study was to compare neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and pressure support ventilation in patients difficult to wean from mechanical ventilation.

Methods
In this nonblinded randomized clinical trial, difficult-to-wean patients (n = 99) were randomly assigned to neurally adjusted ventilatory assist or pressure support ventilation mode. The primary outcome was the duration of weaning. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of successful weaning, patient–ventilator asynchrony, ventilator-free days, and mortality. Weaning duration was calculated as 28 days for patients under mechanical ventilation at day 28 or deceased before day 28 without successful weaning.

Results
Weaning duration in all patients was statistically significant shorter in the neurally adjusted ventilatory assist group (n = 47) compared with the pressure support ventilation group (n = 52; 3.0 [1.2 to 8.0] days vs. 7.4 [2.0 to 28.0], mean difference: −5.5 [95% CI, −9.2 to −1.4], P = 0.039). Post hoc sensitivity analysis also showed that the neurally adjusted ventilatory assist group had shorter weaning duration (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.98). The proportion of patients with successful weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation was higher in neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (33 of 47 patients, 70%) compared with pressure support ventilation (25 of 52 patients, 48%; respiratory rate for neurally adjusted ventilatory assist: 1.46 [95% CI, 1.04 to 2.05], P = 0.026). The number of ventilator-free days at days 14 and 28 was statistically significantly higher in neurally adjusted ventilatory assist compared with pressure support ventilation. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist improved patient ventilator interaction. Mortality and length of stay in the intensive care unit and in the hospital were similar among groups.

Conclusions
In patients difficult to wean, neurally adjusted ventilatory assist decreased the duration of weaning and increased ventilator-free days.

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Subtherapeutic Linezolid Concentration in a Patient With Bullous Pemphigoid Complicated by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Congqin , Zhang Min , Chen Hong , Fang Jie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:
We presented a case of subtherapeutic linezolid concentration in a patient with bullous pemphigoid characterized by large area skin anabrosis complicated by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.