bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbraucherbildung an Schulen. Bestandsaufnahme und Kritik eines Responsibilisierungsprogramms
Authors: Schütte André 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDem Beschluss der Kultusministerkonferenz vom 12.09.2013 zufolge soll „Verbraucherbildung“ verbindlich an allgemeinbildenden Schulen eingeführt werden. Ziel ist es, Kindern und Jugendlichen verantwortliche Konsummuster zu vermitteln. Der folgende Beitrag gibt zuerst eine Bestandsaufnahme schulischer Verbraucherbildung. Danach unterzieht er sie einer Kritik, die sich insbesondere an der normativen Engführung des Konsumierens auf Gesundheit und Nachhaltigkeit entzündet. Schließlich werden vor diesem Hintergrund mögliche Aufgaben von Verbraucherbildung skizziert. Diese legitimieren sich aber nicht wie bislang von politisch erwünschten Kompetenzanforderungen her, sondern liegen vielmehr in den Anforderungen der Sache(n) des Konsumierens begründet.
Determinanten und Akkuratheit von Schülerurteilen über sprachliche Fähigkeiten von Mitschüler(inne)n im Deutschen und den Herkunftssprachen Türkisch und Russisch
Authors: Dünkel Nora , Knigge Michel , Wilbert Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungModellen der Sprachaneignung zufolge sind für die die Entwicklung sprachlicher Fähigkeiten auch die sprachlichen Fähigkeiten von wichtigen Interaktionspartnern (z. B. Peers) bedeutsam. Da objektive Kompetenzmaße von Interaktionspartnern selten verfügbar sind, könnten alternativ Fremdeinschätzungen der sprachlichen Fähigkeiten erhoben werden. Im Beitrag wurden daher Schülerurteile über sprachliche Fähigkeiten von Mitschüler(inne)n im Deutschen und den Herkunftssprachen Türkisch und Russisch als potentielle Indikatoren tatsächlicher Sprachfähigkeiten untersucht. Mit Hilfe von Mehrebenenmodellen wurde analysiert, welchen Einflussfaktoren die Fremdeinschätzungen unterlagen, wie akkurat diese ausfielen und unter welchen Bedingungen akkuratere Einschätzungen gelangen. In allen Sprachen ergaben sich moderate Zusammenhänge zwischen den Fremdeinschätzungen und objektiven Leistungsmaßen, wobei die Urteilsakkuratheit insbesondere von Merkmalen auf der Beziehungsebene zur eigeschätzten Person (gemeinsamer Unterricht, geteilter Sprachhintergrund, Beziehungsqualität) moderiert wurde. Im Deutschen zeigten sich negative leistungsbezogene Vorurteile gegenüber Jugendlichen mit türkischer und russischer Herkunftssprache. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug auf Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Fremdeinschätzungen sprachlicher Fähigkeiten sowie auf Konsequenzen leistungsbezogener Vorurteile diskutiert.
The impact of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on osteoporotic fragility fractures: an observational study
Authors: Ogliari Giulia , Lunt Eleanor , Ong Terence , Marshall Lindsey , Sahota Opinder 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Summary

We investigated whether osteoporotic fractures declined during lockdown, among adults aged 50 years and older. We showed that fewer outpatients attended the Fracture Clinic, for non-hip fractures, during lockdown; in contrast, no change in admissions for hip fractures was observed. This could be due to fewer outdoors falls, during lockdown.

Purpose
Many countries implemented a lockdown to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored whether outpatient attendances to the Fracture Clinic for non-hip fragility fracture and inpatient admissions for hip fracture declined during lockdown, among adults aged 50 years and older, in a large secondary care hospital.

Methods
In our observational study, we analysed the records of 6681 outpatients attending the Fracture Clinic, for non-hip fragility fractures, and those of 1752 inpatients, admitted for hip fracture, during the time frames of interest. These were weeks 1st to 12th in 2020 (“prior to lockdown”), weeks 13th to 19th in 2020 (“lockdown”) and corresponding periods over 2015 to 2019. We tested for differences in mean numbers (standard deviation (SD)) of outpatients and inpatients, respectively, per week, during the time frames of interest, across the years.

Results
Prior to lockdown, in 2020, 63.1 (SD 12.6) outpatients per week attended the Fracture Clinic, similar to previous years (p value 0.338). During lockdown, 26.0 (SD 7.3) outpatients per week attended the Fracture Clinic, fewer than previous years (p value < 0.001); similar findings were observed in both sexes and age groups (all p values < 0.001). During lockdown, 16.1 (SD 5.6) inpatients per week were admitted for hip fracture, similar to previous years (p value 0.776).

Conclusion
During lockdown, fewer outpatients attended the Fracture Clinic, for non-hip fragility fractures, while no change in inpatient admissions for hip fracture was observed. This could reflect fewer non-hip fractures and may inform allocation of resources during pandemic.
The Importance of Diffusivity and Partitioning Behavior of Solid Solution Strengthening Elements for the High Temperature Creep Strength of Ni-Base Superalloys
Authors: Giese S. , Bezold A. , Pröbstle M. , Heckl A. , Neumeier S. , Göken M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe creep resistance of single-crystalline Ni-base superalloys at elevated temperatures depends among others on solid solution strengthening of theγ-matrix. To study the influence of various solid solution strengtheners on the mechanical properties, a series of Ni-base superalloys with the same content of different alloying elements (Ir, Mo, Re, Rh, Ru, W) or element combinations (MoW, ReMo, ReW) was investigated. Nanoindentation measurements were performed to correlate the partitioning behavior of the solid solution strengtheners with the hardness of the individual phases. The lowestγ′/γ-hardness ratio was observed for the Re-containing alloy with the strongest partitioning of Re to theγ-matrix. As a result of the creep experiments in the high-temperature/low-stress regime (1373 K (1100 °C)/140 MPa), it can be concluded that solid solution hardening in theγ-phase plays an essential role. The stronger the partitioning to theγ-phase and the lower the interdiffusion coefficient of the alloying element, the better the creep resistance. Therefore, the best creep behavior is found for alloys containing high contents of slow-diffusing elements that partition preferably to theγ-phase, particularly Re followed by W and Mo.
Osteochondrosis dissecans des Ellenbogengelenks
Authors: Khakzad Thilo , Thiele Kathi 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Osteochondrosis dissecans (OD) ist eine weiterhin nicht vollständig verstandene Erkrankung, die in verschiedenen Gelenken auftreten kann. Der Ellenbogen, vornehmlich das Capitulum, stellt den zweithäufigsten Manifestationsort der OD dar. Auch wenn die OD eine seltene Erkrankung ist, erzeugt sie bei den meist jungen Patienten einen hohen Leidensdruck. Schmerzen, Bewegungseinschränkungen bis hin zur vollständigen Destruktion des Ellenbogengelenks können resultieren. Die unspezifischen Symptome der OD sorgen für eine häufig verspätete Diagnosestellung. Allgemeingültige Therapieempfehlungen speziell für den Ellenbogen sind rar. Die geeignete Therapiewahl hängt dabei entscheidend von dem Schweregrad und der Qualität der osteochondralen Läsion ab. Ebenso ist die genaue Beschreibung und Klassifikation des Defekts aufgrund unterschiedlichster Klassifikationssysteme aktuell erschwert. Diese basieren meist auf bildgebenden Verfahren wie dem nativem Röntgenbild oder der Magnetresonanztomographie. Die konservative Therapie ist nur bei stabilen Läsionen empfohlen. Sie beinhaltet eine mehrmonatige Sportkarenz und manuelle Therapie bis zur Beschwerdelinderung. Das operative Spektrum ist groß und reicht von arthroskopischem Débridement und Mikrofrakturierung, offenen Umstellungsosteotomien, neueren autologen Verfahren wie der autologen Chondrozytentransplantation (ACT) und der matrixinduzierten Chondrogenese (AMIC) bis hin zum osteochondralen Transfer (OATS). Ist die Indikation gut gestellt, lassen sich für die meisten Therapien hohe Erfolgsquoten generieren. Mit diesem Übersichtsartikel wurde der Versuch unternommen, die jeweiligen Indikationsschwerpunkte aus der aktuellen Literatur zu extrahieren und eine übersichtliche Behandlungsempfehlung vorzulegen.
Flipped classroom as a reform-oriented approach to teaching mathematics
Authors: Cevikbas Mustafa , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInnovative methods can change the paradigm of teaching mathematics and inspire teachers to espouse new ideas and gain new experiences. The flipped classroom (FC) is currently an innovative pedagogical approach that has high potential to transform the teaching of mathematics. In the case study described in this paper, we investigated one mathematics teacher’s transformation of teaching in two mathematics classrooms through implementing interventions based on FC methods; furthermore, we identified several key points of FC design as well as challenges and opportunities afforded by teaching mathematics in FCs. The results of the study showed that the tasks posed by the teacher, the implemented discourse, teacher feedback and scaffolding, and the teaching–learning environment were changed in FCs, although the approaches used by the teacher to analyze the tasks and students’ learning were similar to those used in non-FCs, which points out the strengths of traditional teaching approaches. The study indicates that although teaching mathematics in FCs created some difficulties for teaching, well-designed FCs offered a great opportunity to promote students’ mathematical thinking and understanding. Overall, the results highlight that through FC, teachers can develop students’ mathematical potential with FCs.
Autopsy findings in COVID-19-related deaths: a literature review
Authors: Maiese Aniello , Manetti Alice Chiara , La Russa Raffaele , Di Paolo Marco , Turillazzi Emanuela , Frati Paola , Fineschi Vittorio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough many clinical reports have been published, little is known about the pathological post-mortem findings from people who have died of the novel coronavirus disease. The need for postmortem information is urgent to improve patient management of mild and severe illness, and treatment strategies. The present systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) standards. A systematic literature search and a critical review of the collected studies were conducted. An electronic search of PubMed, Science Direct Scopus, Google Scholar, and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) from database inception to June 2020 was performed. We found 28 scientific papers; the total amount of cases is 341. The major histological feature in the lung is diffuse alveolar damage with hyaline membrane formation, alongside microthrombi in small pulmonary vessels. It appears that there is a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among COVID-19 decedents, suggesting endothelial involvement, but more studies are needed. A uniform COVID-19 post-mortem diagnostic protocol has not yet been developed. In a time in which international collaboration is essential, standardized diagnostic criteria are fundamental requirements.
Pro Domo Sua: Narratives of Sexual Abstinence
Authors: Poppi Fabio Indìo Massimo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSexual abstinence is generally interpreted as a health-promotion practice, in particular to avoid HIV/AIDS risk and unwanted pregnancy and parenthood. This paper offers insight into narratives and interactional fantasizing that challenge common conceptions of sexual abstinence. The data come from several interviews and group discussions conducted in a netnographic context, altogether involving 21 European, middle‐ and upper‐middle‐class women who have never engaged in sexual intercourse or who are sexually experienced but have discontinued sexual practices for some reason. The women’s narratives and interactional fantasizing about sexual abstinence can reveal positive societal effects such as opposing sexualisation of culture and pressure for sex, but also more individual perspectives such as promoting self-esteem, psycho-physical well-being, work productivity and career prospects. Narratives and interactional fantasizing seem to play an important role in examining how sexual abstinence can impact society, especially people’s perception of sexuality and gender roles.
Public Attitudes Towards Multiculturalism and Interculturalism in Australia
Authors: Elias Amanuel , Mansouri Fethi , Sweid Reem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe growing intellectual and policy debate around optimal approaches to diversity governance, particularly in relation to criticism of multiculturalism, is now entering a new phase characterised by advocating alternative conceptual and policy paradigms most notably interculturalism. Proposing a conceptual complementarity approach, rather than dogmatically oppositional stances, this paper approaches interculturalism as offering heuristic additive values to multiculturalism. As the paper shows, the Australian context indeed offers an optimal case study for conceptualising and engaging with interculturalism within an otherwise resilient multicultural framework. Australia’s unique and strong multicultural ethos has combined with successful intercultural strategies at different levels of diversity governance, policy and practice across various sectoral terrains. This paper uses an online national survey to examine the public understanding of and attitudes towards multiculturalism and interculturalism as supposedly distinct yet interconnected policy tools relating to the ever-changing diversity governance agenda.
The distribution and host range of Thecaphora melandrii, with first records for Britain
Authors: Smith Paul A. , Lutz Matthias , Piątek Marcin 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThecaphora melandrii(Syd.) Vánky & M.Lutz infects species in the Caryophyllacaeae forming sori with spore balls in the floral organs. We report new finds from Britain, supported by phylogenetic analysis, that confirm its occurrence onSilene unifloraRoth. We review published and web accessible records and note the relatively few records of this smut, its sparse distribution, confined to Europe but scattered predominantly from central to eastern Europe. Analysis of the rDNAITSand28Ssequences demonstrates little variability among specimens, even those parasitising different host genera, which suggests that the species has evolved relatively recently. SomeMicrobotryumspecies infect the same host plants, and we found two species,M. lagerheimiiDenchev andM. silenes-inflatae(DC. ex Liro) G.Deml & Oberw., in the same locations asT. melandrii, identified by morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. These species may form a stable multi-species community of parasites ofSilene uniflora.
Schadensaggregation in der Rückversicherung – die Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law (PRICL) als Mittel zur Schaffung höherer Rechtssicherheit?
Authors: William Oliver D. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungKaum eine Rechtsordnung kennt Regeln für die Schadenaggregation in der Rückversicherung. Eine Ausnahme bietet das englische Recht, wo sich diesbezüglich eine reiche Rechtsprechung entwickelt hat.Eine Analyse dieser Rechtsprechung zeigt, dass im Bereich der Schadenaggregation in der Rückversicherung terminologische Unsicherheiten bestehen und dass die von der Rechtsprechung entwickelten Beurteilungsmassstäbe nicht geeignet sind, Rechtssicherheit herzustellen. Dieser Zustand wird der Bedeutung der nichtproportionalen Rückversicherung nicht gerecht.Mit dem Ziel, den Rückversicherungsmärkten mehr Rechtssicherheit zu bieten, schlägt Kapitel 5 der Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law (PRICL) neu konzipierte Regeln zur Schadenaggregation vor.
Die Rolle des Internets im Radikalisierungsprozess einer jihadistischen Straftäterin – eine Einzelfallstudie
Authors: Baehr Dirk 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungAnhand der Einzelfallstudie des Radikalisierungsprozesses einer jihadistischen Straftäterin möchte dieser Beitrag die besondere Rolle des Internets bei Radikalisierungen von Extremisten aufzeigen. Die Straftäterin war in den Jahren 2007 bis 2010 einePropagandistin, die über das Internet mehrere terroristische Vereinigungen unterstützte, indem sie deren Videobotschaften online verbreitete. In der Einzelfallstudie wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die Jihadistin durch virtuelle Kontakte, Propagandaaktivitäten sowie ihre Zusammenarbeit mit zahlreichen Jihadisten im Ausland über das Internet radikalisierte.
Jackal in hide: detection dogs show first success in the quest for golden jackal (Canis aureus) scats
Authors: Hatlauf Jennifer , Böcker Felix , Wirk Lea , Collet Sebastian , Schley Laurent , Szabó Laszló , Hackländer Klaus , Heltai Miklós 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGolden jackal (Canis aureus) monitoring in central Europe generates more interest and becomes increasingly important with the species’ appearance in areas where it was previously unestablished. For genetic monitoring of golden jackals via scat collection, the distinction of jackal scats from those of related species such as the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is crucial: if done incorrectly, it can falsify diet studies or inflate costs of DNA analyses. In this study, we tested the potential benefits of using domestic dogs to specifically find jackal scats. We used trained scat detection dogs to locate and identify golden jackal scats in an area of dense shrubland, with the species’ presence previously confirmed via bioacoustic monitoring. On a total of 133 km of transects covering at least two golden jackal groups, two human-dog teams found 34 putative golden jackal scats. A total of 26 of these were successfully genetically analysed, of which 19 were attributed to 13 individual golden jackals, an accuracy rate of 73%. Our results show that detection dogs can successfully differentiate golden jackal scats from other species. This tool can be applied to detect golden jackal presence and establish more reliable estimates of group number and size than previously determined through bioacoustic stimulation. By combining both methods, questions about family structures and kinship, seasonal differences in habitat use and territory sizes can be answered. The regular use of detection dogs can present an efficient method to monitor golden jackals on a long-term basis and to learn more about their behaviour and population dynamics.
Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer: a critical review
Authors: Capezzone M. , Robenshtok E. , Cantara S. , Castagna M. G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC), mainly of papillary histotype (FPTC), is defined by the presence of the disease in two or more first-degree relatives in the absence of other known familial syndromes. With the increasing incidence of PTC in the recent years, the familial form of the disease has also become more common than previously reported and constitutes nearly 10% of all thyroid cancers. Many aspects of FNMTC are debated, concerning both clinical and genetic aspects. Several studies reported that, in comparison with sporadic PTCs, FPTCs are more aggressive at disease presentation, while other authors reported no differences in the clinical behavior of sporadic and familial PTCs. For this reason, recent guidelines do not recommend screening of family members of patients with diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). FNMTC is described as a polygenic disorder associated with multiple low- to moderate-penetrance susceptibility genes and incomplete penetrance. At the moment, the genetic factors contributing to the development of FNMTC remain poorly understood, though many putative genes have been proposed in the recent years.

Purpose
Based on current literature and our experience with FNMTC, in this review, we critically discussed the most relevant controversies, including its definition, the genetic background and some clinical aspects as screening and treatment.
Pre-operative micronutrient deficiencies in patients with severe obesity candidates for bariatric surgery
Authors: Pellegrini M. , Rahimi F. , Boschetti S. , Devecchi A. , De Francesco A. , Mancino M. V. , Toppino M. , Morino M. , Fanni G. , Ponzo V. , Marzola E. , Abbate Daga G. , Broglio F. , Ghigo E. , Bo S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In patients with obesity, micronutrient deficiencies have been reported both before and after bariatric surgery (BS). Obesity is a chronic pro-inflammatory status, and inflammation increases the risk of micronutrient malnutrition. Our objective was to assess in pre-BS patients the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and their correlation with blood values of C-reactive protein (CRP).

Methods
Anthropometric data, instrumental examinations, and blood variables were centrally measured in the first 200 patients undergoing a pre-BS evaluation at the “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital of Torino, starting from January 2018.

Results
At least one micronutrient deficiency was present in 85.5% of pre-BS patients. Vitamin D deficiency was the most prevalent (74.5%), followed by folate (33.5%), iron (32%), calcium (13%), vitamin B12 (10%), and albumin (5.5%) deficiency. CRP values were high (> 5 mg/L) in 65% of the patients. These individuals showed increased rate of iron, folate, vitamin B12 deficiency, and a higher number of micronutrient deficiencies. In a multiple logistic regression model, increased CRP levels were significantly associated with deficiencies of vitamin B12 (OR = 5.84; 95% CI 1.25–27.2; p = 0.024), folate (OR = 4.02; 1.87–8.66; p < 0.001), and with the presence of ≥ 2 micronutrient deficiencies (OR = 2.31; 1.21–4.42; p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Micronutrient deficiencies are common in patients with severe obesity undergoing BS, especially when inflammation is present. In the presence of increased CRP values before surgery, it might be advisable to search for possible multiple micronutrient deficiencies.
Resolving and Parameterising the Ocean Mesoscale in Earth System Models
Authors: Hewitt Helene T. , Roberts Malcolm , Mathiot Pierre , Biastoch Arne , Blockley Ed , Chassignet Eric P. , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Hyder Pat , Marshall David P. , Popova Ekaterina , Treguier Anne-Marie , Zanna Laure , Yool Andrew , Yu Yongqiang , Beadling Rebecca , Bell Mike , Kuhlbrodt Till , Arsouze Thomas , Bellucci Alessio , Castruccio Fred , Gan Bolan , Putrasahan Dian , Roberts Christopher D. , Van Roekel Luke , Zhang Qiuying 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Assessment of the impact of ocean resolution in Earth System models on the mean state, variability, and future projections and discussion of prospects for improved parameterisations to represent the ocean mesoscale.

Recent Findings
The majority of centres participating in CMIP6 employ ocean components with resolutions of about 1 degree in their full Earth System models (eddy-parameterising models). In contrast, there are also models submitted to CMIP6 (both DECK and HighResMIP) that employ ocean components of approximately 1/4 degree and 1/10 degree (eddy-present and eddy-rich models). Evidence to date suggests that whether the ocean mesoscale is explicitly represented or parameterised affects not only the mean state of the ocean but also the climate variability and the future climate response, particularly in terms of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the Southern Ocean. Recent developments in scale-aware parameterisations of the mesoscale are being developed and will be included in future Earth System models.

Summary
Although the choice of ocean resolution in Earth System models will always be limited by computational considerations, for the foreseeable future, this choice is likely to affect projections of climate variability and change as well as other aspects of the Earth System. Future Earth System models will be able to choose increased ocean resolution and/or improved parameterisation of processes to capture physical processes with greater fidelity.