bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indoor Wall Climbing with Childhood Cancer Survivors: An Exploratory
Study on Feasibility and Benefits
Authors: Däggelmann Julia , Prokop Aram , Lösse Vivien , Maas Volker , Otten Sarah , Bloch Wilhelm 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Exercise interventions in pediatric oncology include primarily
traditional types of physical activity (PA) such as endurance and strength
training, while there is a growing interest in recreational types of PA for
pediatric cancer survivors, as well. One of these motivating and fun activities
is indoor wall climbing. Therefore, this exploratory study aims to evaluate the
feasibility and beneficial effects of a 10-week indoor wall climbing
intervention in pediatric oncology.
Patients Thirteen childhood cancer survivors aged 6–21 years were
included after cessation of their inpatient medical treatment of whom eleven
completed the study.
Methods Study participants completed measurements of physical functioning
at baseline (t0) and post-intervention (t1), as well as a questionnaire on
program satisfaction at t1.
Results Survivors participated in 57.43±31.77% of the
climbing sessions and no adverse events occurred. Most study participants
evaluated the climbing experience to be fun and motivational. One child stated
that the climbing intervention was too exhausting/overstraining.
Significant positive effects were found in terms of ankle DF-ROM and ankle DF
strength.
Discussion Indoor wall climbing seems feasible with childhood cancer
survivors and suggests beneficial potentials on physical functioning. However,
some preconditions (i. e. close supervision; slow increase of intensity;
sufficient breaks) must be ensured.
Conclusion Indoor wall climbing could be a motivational adjunct to
traditional types of exercise in pediatric oncology.
Delayed Neurological Deterioration after Depressed Fracture over Superior Sagittal Sinus: Our Experience with 13 Patients
Authors: Elshanawany Ahmed , Ragab Mahmoud 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective To present our experience in the diagnosis and management protocol of 13 patients with a depressed skull fracture over the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) who developed delayed neurologic deterioration.
Patients and Methods This retrospective study was conducted in the Neurosurgical Department, Assiut University Hospitals, between May 2012 and May 2017. All patients with a depressed skull fracture over the SSS were reviewed. Only those patients who were neurologically intact after trauma but suffered delayed neurologic deterioration were included in this study. Preoperative characteristics of age, sex, cause of trauma, type and site of the depressed skull fracture, and clinical presentation were reviewed and evaluated. Neuroimaging including brain computed tomography and computed tomography venography were evaluated.
Results Of 612 patients with depressed skull fractures admitted to our department, 63 had the fracture segment on the SSS. Thirteen patients, nine males and four females, met the inclusion criteria (age range: 5–42 years). The most common cause of trauma was assault from others (seven patients). Eight patients had a compound depressed fracture; the other five fractures were simple. Interval between trauma and neurologic deterioration ranged between 4 days and 3 weeks. Clinical deterioration included decrease of consciousness, headache, blurred vision, and repeated vomiting. Deterioration of consciousness was seen in four patients. Eight patients had sixth cranial nerve palsy. Visual deterioration was seen in four patients. All the included patients were operated on for elevation of the depressed segment. Eleven patients improved; two patients who presented initially with visual deterioration did not improve. Their visual deterioration persisted after surgery. For both these patients, lumbar puncture revealed high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Clinical improvement followed the insertion of a thecoperitoneal shunt.
Conclusion Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) may follow a depressed fracture over the SSS. It may occur immediately after trauma or later. Surgical decompression with elevation of the depressed segment is indicated. Persistence of manifestations of raised ICP despite elevation of the depressed segment indicates the occurrence of an SSS thrombosis. CSF pressure should be measured to confirm the diagnosis and consider a thecoperitoneal shunt.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Diaryl, Aryl Heteroaryl, and Diheteroaryl Alcohols through Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Narayanaperumal Senthil , Schwab Ricardo S. , Teixeira Wystan K. O. , de Albuquerque Danilo Yano 
Published: March 2020

Enantiomerically enriched diaryl, aryl heteroaryl, and dihetero­aryl alcohols are an important family of compounds known for their biological properties. Moreover, these molecules are highly privileged scaffolds used as building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant products. This short review provides background on the enantioselective arylation and heteroarylation of carbonyl compounds, as well as, the most significant improvements in this field with special emphasis on the application of organometallic reagents.1	Introduction2	Background on the Enantioselective Synthesis of Diaryl, Aryl Heteroaryl, and Diheteroaryl Alcohols3	Organozinc Reagents4	Organolithium Reagents5	Grignard Reagents6	Organoaluminum Reagents7	Organotitanium Reagents8	Organobismuth Reagents9	Miscellaneous10	Conclusion
Catalytic Asymmetric Transformations of Racemic Aziridines
Authors: Chai Zhuo 
Published: March 2020

The catalytic asymmetric ring-opening transformations of aziridines represent an important strategy for the construction of various chiral nitrogen-containing molecular architectures. This short review covers the progress achieved in the catalytic asymmetric transformation of racemic aziridines, focusing on the catalytic strategies employed for each different type of such aziridines.1	Introduction2	Reaction of Racemic 2-Vinylaziridines3	Reaction of Racemic 2-Alkylaziridines3.1	Regiodivergent Parallel Kinetic Resolution3.2	Kinetic Resolution4	Reaction of Racemic 2-(Hetero)arylaziridines4.1	Kinetic Resolution4.2	Enantioconvergent Transformation5	Reaction of Racemic Donor–Acceptor-Type Aziridines6	Conclusion and Outlook
Neonatal Vitamin D Status Is Associated with the Severity of Brain Injury in Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Pilot Study
Authors: McGinn Elizabeth A. , Powers Andria , Galas Madeline , Lyden Elizabeth , Peeples Eric S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration at birth and the short-term outcomes in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Our secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of postnatal vitamin D supplementation on outcomes in the perinatal period after hypoxic injury.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study included all infants ≥35 weeks gestation admitted to a regional level IV neonatal intensive care unit and diagnosed with moderate or severe HIE. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations between clinical outcomes including standardized brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores and either 25OHD concentrations in the first 48 hours of life or total vitamin D supplementation.
Result A total of 43 infants met inclusion criteria; 22 had 25OHD concentrations drawn within the first 48 hours. There was a significant inverse association between 25OHD concentration and brain injury on MRI (p = 0.017). There was a trend toward decreased ventilator days in infants receiving higher doses of vitamin D in the first week of life (p = 0.062), but there was no association between vitamin D dosing and MRI injury.
Conclusion These results support an association between lower vitamin-D levels and early adverse outcomes in HIE, including radiographic severity of brain injury.
Use of Perampanel and a Ketogenic Diet in Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia: A Case Report
Authors: Daida Atsuro , Hamano Shin-ichiro , Ikemoto Satoru , Hirata Yuko , Matsuura Ryuki , Koichihara Reiko , Oba Daiju , Ohashi Hirofumi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a severe form of early onset epileptic encephalopathy caused by disturbances in the glycine cleavage system; the neurological damage is mainly attributed to overstimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.
Case The patient presented with a severe form of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and experienced frequent epileptic spasms and focal seizures, which were resistant to vigabatrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy, and combined dextromethorphan and sodium benzoate treatments. By 9 months of age, perampanel reduced epileptic spasms by >50%. At 14 months of age, the ketogenic diet markedly reduced focal seizures and glycine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Conclusion Perampanel reduced fast excitatory neuronal activity, which was induced by an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor, followed by prolonged electrical depolarizations due to an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Furthermore, the ketogenic diet may have modulated the excessive neurotoxic cascade through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Perampanel and ketogenic diet were effective for seizure control in our patient.
Dog-Assisted Therapy in Neurorehabilitation of Children with Severe Neurological Impairment: An Explorative Study
Authors: Hediger Karin , Boek Friederike , Sachers Julia , Blankenburg Ulrike , Antonius-Kluger Evelyn , Rist Bettina , Schaudek Martina , Staudt Martin , Kluger Gerhard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Dog-assisted therapy (DAT) is increasingly applied in neurorehabilitation of patients with severe neurological impairments. To date, there are only anecdotal reports investigating its effects.
Objectives This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of DAT in pediatric inpatient neurorehabilitation for severely neurologically impaired children and adolescents, to identify characteristics of patients receiving this therapy, characteristics of the therapy sessions, and to evaluate feasibility and extent of goal achievement.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed 850 DAT sessions performed between 2010 and 2017 at an inpatient neurorehabilitation center. The dataset included 196 children and adolescents (Md = 5.50, 0.58–20.33 years) suffering from severe neurological impairments (disorders of consciousness in 37 patients) of various etiologies. We extracted information regarding patient and session characteristics, analyzed the predefined goals with content analysis, and examined to what extent the goals were met during DAT. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results Patients received an average of 4.34 therapy sessions. A total of 247 of 392 predefined goals (63%) were reached during DAT. The most frequently achieved goal was “enhancing fun” (83%), followed by “establishing contact and communication” (81%), and “relaxation” (71%). Only one critical incident regarding the dogs' safety occurred.
Conclusion DAT is a feasible approach and appears to facilitate emotional, social, and psychological goals in children and adolescents with severe neurological impairment.
Equatorial Guinea Spanish non-continuant /d/
Authors: Lipski John M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In Equatorial Guinea, the only sub-Saharan African nation in which Spanish is widely spoken, prevocalic /d/ frequently receives a short occlusive articulation that approximates [ɾ]. A similar pronunciation occurs in some contemporary Afro-descendant populations in Latin America, and Afro-Hispanic literary stereotypes also include the /d/ > [ɾ] shift. Based on an acoustic analysis of naturalistic speech, this study proposes that non-continuant realizations of /d/ are part of a cluster of traits that include an alveolar realization of /t/ and /d/, partial neutralization of /ɾ/-/r/, and prominent svarabhakti vowels. A combination of incomplete L2 acquisition, L1 carryovers, and structural re-alignment emerges as the most likely account of Equatorial Guinean /d/ > [ɾ], which may partially extend to other Afro-Hispanic speech communities.
Social contact and linguistic convergence
Authors: Chappell Whitney 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Spanish spoken along Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast has been described as a dialect divergent from Western Nicaraguan Spanish, and one commonly cited difference is the realization of intervocalic /b, d, ɡ/. The present study uses intervocalic /d/ as a litmus test to determine whether young Miskitu-Spanish bilinguals in Bilwi are maintaining a distinct coastal dialect of Spanish or converging on national norms as contact increases with monolingual speakers from the West. The results of a mixed-effects linear regression model using relative intensity to measure /d/ constriction show no significant differences between the young bilinguals in Bilwi and the monolinguals from Managua, suggesting that the unique coastal dialect is receding among younger speakers, whose Spanish phonological system is increasingly monolingual-like.
Intervocalic phonemic stop realization in Amazonian Peru
Authors: Henriksen Nicholas , Fafulas Stephen , O'Rourke Erin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study explores intervocalic phonemic stop realization in Spanish by monolingual and bilingual speakers in the Peruvian Amazon. We performed an acoustic analysis of sociolinguistic interviews conducted in Spanish with Spanish monolinguals and Yagua-Spanish bilinguals. We focus on Yagua-Spanish bilinguals since the substrate language, Yagua, does not contrast voiceless and voiced stops. Our results, derived from phonetic measurements of relative intensity and consonant duration, show that there is greater lenition of stops by Spanish monolinguals than by Yagua-Spanish bilinguals. They further suggest that ethnic Yagua communities are converging toward Spanish-like patterns of lenition of /p t k b d ɡ/. Altogether, this study contributes to the literature on Spanish contact phonology through an investigation of Spanish-Yagua bilingualism in Amazonian Peru.
Afro-Peruvian Spanish intonation
Authors: Butera Brianna , Rao Rajiv , Sessarego Sandro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of Afro-Peruvian Spanish (APS) declarative intonation. APS is an Afro-Hispanic vernacular spoken across some rural villages in the Province of Chincha, coastal Peru. Results indicate that APS does not follow declarative intonation patterns found in most normative varieties of Spanish. In particular, it shows lower rates of downstepping; it presents systematic peak alignment at the word level (both in nuclear and prenuclear positions); and it is characterized by L- boundary tones at the intermediate phrase edges (rather than H- configurations). We analyze these results as the byproduct of contact-induced change, which led to the reduction of Spanish phonological targets in the APS grammar and to a subsequent reconfiguration of its prosodic system.
How much noise can you make through an interpreter?
Authors: Bartłomiejczyk Magdalena 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper employs critical discourse analysis for a pragmatically-oriented exploration of several racist
statements by a Polish Eurosceptic Member of the European Parliament (MEP), Janusz Korwin-Mikke. The original fragments in English
or in Polish were extracted from a larger corpus containing all the plenary contributions of the MEP (2014–2018). They are
com­pared with their interpretations into German and, respectively, either Polish or English. The qualitative analysis reveals that
the approach to racist statements by interpreters is inconsistent, both across all the three language units and when the output of
each is considered separately. In the analysed interpretations, there is evidence of preservation of the pragmatic effect,
slight/radical mitigation, and strengthening. Slight mitigation seems to be the most popular option. The interpreters tended to
tone down anthroponyms functioning as racial slurs and to omit implicit racism.
The predicative adjectiveand its propositional arguments
Authors: Messina Simona 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to classify Italian adjectives that have the predicative function and accept a complement clause (Ch F) or an infinitive (V-inf) inN0orN1. For the formation of the word list, we have used electronic dictionaries from the “DELA” system in use in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Salerno (now Department of Political and Communication Sciences) and De Mauro Dictionaries (2000aand2000b).34,132 adjectives of the Nooj list have been examined. The acquired data have been subjected to further verifications in order to obtain the adjectives responding to the basic theoretical hypothesis. The adjectives have been classified according to the principles of Lexicon-Grammar methodology as developed by Maurice Gross (1975,1981and further). The result was a list of 1,732 entries relating to 1,619 adjectives classified in 10 classes.
The political economy of automobile development in Nigeria
Authors: Ugwueze Michael I. , Ezeibe Christian C. , Onuoha Jonah I. 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARY
This briefing examines the major developments in Nigeria’s automobile industry since 1960. It argues that inconsistent implementation of automobile policies reinforces the capacity of non-indigenous automobile manufacturers to dominate the sector, and concludes that consistent auto-policy implementation that promotes the interests of indigenous manufacturers is relevant for increased local production and sustainable job creation in the sector.
Quantum instability of the Cauchy horizon in Reissner–Nordström–deSitter spacetime
Authors: Hollands Stefan , Wald Robert M , Zahn Jochen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In classical general relativity, the values of fields on spacetime are uniquely determined by their values at an initial time within the domain of dependence of this initial data surface. However, it may occur that the spacetime under consideration extends beyond this domain of dependence, and fields, therefore, are not entirely determined by their initial data. This occurs, for example, in the well-known (maximally) extended Reissner–Nordström or Reissner–Nordström–deSitter (RNdS) spacetimes. The boundary of the region determined by the initial data is called the ‘Cauchy horizon.’ It is located inside the black hole in these spacetimes. The strong cosmic censorship conjecture asserts that the Cauchy horizon does not, in fact, exist in practice because the slightest perturbation (of the metric itself or the matter fields) will become singular there in a sufficiently catastrophic way that solutions cannot be extended beyond the Cauchy horizon. Thus, if strong cosmic censorship holds, the Cauchy horizon will be converted into a ‘final singularity,’ and determinism will hold. Recently, however, it has been found that, classically this is not the case in RNdS spacetimes in a certain range of mass, charge, and cosmological constant. In this paper, we consider a quantum scalar field in RNdS spacetime and show that quantum theory comes to the rescue of strong cosmic censorship. We find that for any state that is nonsingular (i.e., Hadamard) within the domain of dependence, the expected stress-tensor blows up with affine parameter, V, along a radial null geodesic transverse to the Cauchy horizon as T

VV
∼ C/V
2 with C independent of the state and C ≠ 0 generically in RNdS spacetimes. This divergence is stronger than in the classical theory and should be sufficient to convert the Cauchy horizon into a singularity through which the spacetime cannot be extended as a (weak) solution of the semiclassical Einstein equation. This behavior is expected to be quite general, although it is possible to have C = 0 in certain special cases, such as the BTZ black hole.
The high-pressure, high-temperature phase diagram of cerium
Authors: Munro K A , Daisenberger D , MacLeod S G , McGuire S , Loa I , Popescu C , Botella P , Errandonea D , McMahon M I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present an experimental study of the high-pressure, high-temperature behaviour of cerium up to ∼22 GPa and 820 K using angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction and external resistive heating. Studies above 820 K were prevented by chemical reactions between the samples and the diamond anvils of the pressure cells. We unambiguously measure the stability region of the orthorhombic oC4 phase and find it reaches its apex at 7.1 GPa and 650 K. We locate the α-cF4–oC4–tI2 triple point at 6.1 GPa and 640 K, 1 GPa below the location of the apex of the oC4 phase, and 1–2 GPa lower than previously reported. We find the α-cF4 → tI2 phase boundary to have a positive gradient of 280 K (GPa)−1, less steep than the 670 K (GPa)−1 reported previously, and find the oC4 → tI2 phase boundary to lie at higher temperatures than previously found. We also find variations as large as 2–3 GPa in the transition pressures at which the oC4 → tI2 transition takes place at a given temperature, the reasons for which remain unclear. Finally, we find no evidence that the α-cF4 → tI2 is not second order at all temperatures up to 820 K.
Engulfment of ellipsoidal nanoparticles by membranes: full description of orientational changes
Authors: Agudo-Canalejo Jaime 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the engulfment of ellipsoidal nanoparticles by membranes. It has been previously predicted that wrapping by the membrane can induce reorientation of the particle, however, previous studies only considered the wrapping process constrained to either side-oriented or tip-oriented particles. In contrast, we consider here the full two-dimensional energy landscape for engulfment, where the two degrees of freedom represent (i) the amount of wrapping and (ii) the particle orientation. In this way, we obtain access to the stability limits of the differently-oriented states, as well as to the energy barriers between them. We find that prolate and oblate particles undergo qualitatively different engulfment transitions, and show that the initial orientation of the particle at first contact with the membrane influences its fate.
Accurate tip characterization in critical dimension atomic force microscopy
Authors: Dai Gaoliang , Xu Linyan , Hahm Kai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A new method for accurately characterizing the tip geometry of critical dimension atomic force microscopy (CD-AFM) has been introduced. A sample type IVPS100-PTB whose line features have vertical sidewall, round corner with a radius of approx. 5 ∼ 6 nm and very low surface roughness has been applied as the tip characterizer. The geometry of the line features has been accurately and traceably calibrated to the lattice constant of crystal silicon. In this paper, detailed measurement strategies and data evaluation algorithms have been introduced, particularly concerning several important influence factors such as the line width roughness of the tip characterizer, measurement noise, measurement point density, and the calculation of the averaged tip geometry. Thorough experimental studies have been carried out, indicating high measurement accuracy of the developed method. For instance, tip geometry of a probe type CDR120 with a nominal tip diameter of 120 nm is reconstructed using two different tip characterizers before, during and after it is applied for a calibration of a user sample. The agreement of all 20 obtained tip profiles reaches 0.4 nm, confirming the high measurement stability, low tip wear as well as the high measurement consistency between two tip characterizers. Furthermore, the results of a nanofeature of the user sample after correcting the tip contribution show a repeatability of approximately 0.3 nm when it is repeatedly measured by a same tip, and a reproducibility of 0.9 nm when it is measured using two different tips, confirming the good performance of the tip correction method as well.