bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of deicing salt storage and distribution as a salinization point source: the influence of permitting standards on water quality
Authors: Tharp Rebecca , Allen Dana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Road deicing salts are impacting freshwater ecosystems in snowy regions worldwide. Rock salt (typically sodium chloride) is transported to and stored in regional facilities that operate year-round and are continuous potential sources of chloride discharge to adjacent water bodies, resulting in different impacts to aquatic ecosystems than chloride pollution from spatially diffuse road networks. The regulatory tools and associated monitoring regimes used by state and federal agencies related to permitting of these facilities is inconsistent. Selection of the regulatory standards and monitoring location in the receiving water body (and how the definition of ‘receiving water body’ is applied) can have a significant influence on the measured or modeled impact of a facility on aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, selection of the monitored media (surface water, soil pore water, shallow ground water, or vegetation) can further influence findings, resulting in inconsistent conclusions of environmental impact and potentially allow exceedances of regulatory thresholds of chloride. This study evaluates chloride pollution from salt loading over two years from a state-permitted salt storage and transport facility in Shelburne, Vermont, USA to an adjacent wetland and river that drains to Lake Champlain. Water quality results and modeled assumptions made by the permittee were compared to monitoring data at two discharge points from the site including a drainage channel downstream of the site’s stormwater pond and at a shallow ground water seep below the rail car unloading area.

Results
Results indicate elevated chloride concentrations (average of 243 and 643 mg L−1) at the discharge points to the receiving water body, in conflict with findings from annual permittee assessments. Soil cores taken in the wetland in the vicinity of the control and two discharge points also indicate elevated Cl− (p ≤ 0.035) and Na+ (p ≤ 0.0006). Samples of Tsuga canadensis at the discharge points and at the control site indicate elevated chloride in plant tissues.

Conclusions
Determination of exceedances of chronic and acute standards vary based on the sampling location and medium, indicating a need for consistency and outcome-based monitoring point selection criteria and a move away from reliance on self-reporting by permittees.
Disruption of ruminal homeostasis by malnutrition involved in systemic ruminal microbiota-host interactions in a pregnant sheep model
Authors: Xue Yanfeng , Lin Limei , Hu Fan , Zhu Weiyun , Mao Shengyong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Undernutrition is a prevalent and spontaneous condition in animal production which always affects microbiota-host interaction in gastrointestinal tract. However, how undernutrition affects crosstalk homeostasis is largely unknown. Here, we discover how undernutrition affects microbial profiles and subsequently how microbial metabolism affects the signal transduction and tissue renewal in ruminal epithelium, clarifying the detrimental effect of undernutrition on ruminal homeostasis in a pregnant sheep model.

Results
Sixteen pregnant ewes (115 days of gestation) were randomly and equally assigned to the control (CON) and severe feed restriction (SFR) groups. Ewes on SFR treatment were restricted to a 30% level of ad libitum feed intake while the controls were fed normally. After 15 days, all ewes were slaughtered to collect ruminal digesta for 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing and ruminal epithelium for transcriptome sequencing. Results showed that SFR diminished the levels of ruminal volatile fatty acids and microbial proteins and repressed the length, width, and surface area of ruminal papillae. The 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that SFR altered the relative abundance of ruminal bacterial community, showing decreased bacteria about saccharide degradation (Saccharofermentans and Ruminococcus) and propionate genesis (Succiniclasticum) but increased butyrate producers (Pseudobutyrivibrio and Papillibacter). Metagenome analysis displayed that genes related to amino acid metabolism, acetate genesis, and succinate-pathway propionate production were downregulated upon SFR, while genes involved in butyrate and methane genesis and acrylate-pathway propionate production were upregulated. Transcriptome and real-time PCR analysis of ruminal epithelium showed that downregulated collagen synthesis upon SFR lowered extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, inactivated JAK3-STAT2 signaling pathway, and inhibited DNA replication and cell cycle.

Conclusions
Generally, undernutrition altered rumen bacterial community and function profile to decrease ruminal energy retention, promoted epithelial glucose and fatty acid catabolism to elevate energy supply, and inhibited the proliferation of ruminal epithelial cells. These findings provide the first insight into the systemic microbiota-host interactions that are involved in disrupting the ruminal homeostasis under a malnutrition pattern.
The population ecology of undesigned systems: an analysis of the Arizona charter school system
Authors: Mars Matthew M. , Bronstein Judith L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe application of ecological concepts and principles to the study of organization design and system development is now commonplace. Population ecology is one biological perspective that has been especially influential within the organization design literature. In the current study, we illustrate for the first time how this framework can be used to reveal when and in what ways intervention is warranted within a system that, like a biological population in nature, has emerged with little to no purposeful design. Specifically, we use 20 years of data on 1,074 Arizona charter schools to illustrate how population analysis can be used to uncover the characteristics of individual organizations that have the highest ability to survive over time within systems that have been allowed to emerge with little to no purposeful design. Our findings lead us to argue how pre-intervention population analysis at the system level can influence organization-level design choices in a way that enables dynamic fit and thereby enhances the likelihood of organization survivorship and innovation over time.
Evaluation of a Mainstream Model of Genetic Testing for Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Scheinberg Tahlia , Goodwin Annabel , Ip Emilia , Linton Anthony , Mak Blossom , Smith David P. , Stockler Martin R. , Strach Madeleine C. , Tran Ben , Young Alison L. , Zhang Alison Y. , Mahon Kate L. , Horvath Lisa G. 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE:To identify the approximately 12% with inherited cancer predisposition, all men with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) should be offered germline genetic testing. This guides treatment choices and impacts cancer prevention in the family. Limited genetic services globally present a barrier to testing. This study tested a potential solution, “mainstreaming,” where counseling and testing are performed by the patient’s oncologist.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Men with mPC at three Australian sites were offered germline genetic testing at their medical oncology appointment. Panel testing ( ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CHEK2, EPCAM, FANCA, HOXB13, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, NBN, PALB2, PMS2, RAD51D, and TP53) was performed on saliva/blood (Invitae, San Francisco, CA). Primary outcomes were clinician and patient satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included mutation rates and resource allocation.RESULTS:Of 66 men offered testing, 63 (95%) accepted. Four pathogenic variants were identified (two BRCA2, one NBN, and one MSH6). Fifty patients and nine clinicians completed questionnaires. Satisfaction was high. All patients were pleased to have had testing overall, 98% (46 of 47) to have had testing at their usual oncology appointment, and all to receive results from their usual specialist, rather than a separate genetics appointment. A total of 88% (7 of 8) of clinicians felt confident, and all were satisfied with mainstreaming. Mainstreaming was resource efficient, requiring 87% fewer genetic consultations than traditional genetic counseling.CONCLUSION:This study demonstrates that mainstreaming of men with mPC is feasible, resource efficient, and satisfactory for clinicians and patients. Widespread implementation as standard of care would facilitate timely access to genetic testing for men with mPC.
In the Image of Pasteur
Authors: Velmet Aro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHow does an imperial lens change our view of capitalism and science in early twentieth-century France? Using the colonial expansion of the Pasteur Institutes as a case study, this article argues that French microbiologists developed both new business models and new values of masculine comportment during their time in the colonies. There the dynamic interaction between economic success and demonstration of scientific masculinity became particularly important in reshaping how Pastorians both saw the future of their institution and interpreted the meaning of its past. Against the image of the ascetic, nonprofit scientist, Pastorians in the colonies opposed an ambitious and entrepreneurial hero. After the Great War undermined the ascetic model and weakened the economic power of the metropolitan institute, colonial Pastorians were able to shape representations of the Pastorian network to the public and narrate the history of its founder as a heroic conqueror of the microbial world.Comment une optique impériale change-t-elle notre perspective sur le capitalisme et la science au début du vingtième siècle ? Prenant l'expansion coloniale des instituts Pasteur comme exemple, cet article avance que les microbiologistes français ont développé à la fois de nouveaux modèles économiques et de nouvelles valeurs du comportement masculin au cours de leur séjour dans les colonies. Ici, l'interaction dynamique entre le succès économique et la démonstration de la masculinité scientifique est devenue particulièrement importante pour remodeler à la fois la façon dont les pastoriens voyaient l'avenir de leur institution et interpretaient le sens de son passé. Contre l'image du scientifique ascétique, les pastoriens coloniaux opposaient un héros ambitieux et entreprenant. Après que la Grande Guerre a sapé le modèle ascétique et affaibli le pouvoir économique de l'Institut métropolitain, les pastoriens coloniaux ont pu façonner des représentations publiques du réseau pastorien et raconter l'histoire de son fondateur comme conquérant héroïque du monde microbien.
Nucleolar size regulates nuclear envelope shape in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Male Gurranna , Deolal Pallavi , Manda Naresh Kumar , Yagnik Shantam , Mazumder Aprotim , Mishra Krishnaveni 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Nuclear shape and size are cell-type specific. Change in nuclear shape is seen during cell division, development and pathology. The nucleus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is spherical in interphase and becomes dumbbell shaped during mitotic division to facilitate the transfer of one nucleus to the daughter cell. Because yeast cells undergo closed mitosis, the nuclear envelope remains intact throughout the cell cycle. The pathways that regulate nuclear shape are not well characterized. The nucleus is organized into various subcompartments, with the nucleolus being the most prominent. We have conducted a candidate-based genetic screen for nuclear shape abnormalities in S. cerevisiae to ask whether the nucleolus influences nuclear shape. We find that increasing nucleolar volume triggers a non-isometric nuclear envelope expansion resulting in an abnormal nuclear envelope shape. We further show that the tethering of rDNA to the nuclear envelope is required for the appearance of these extensions.
Mucin-type O-glycosylation controls pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells via Wnt receptor endocytosis
Authors: Pecori Federico , Akimoto Yoshihiro , Hanamatsu Hisatoshi , Furukawa Jun-ichi , Shinohara Yasuro , Ikehara Yuzuru , Nishihara Shoko 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into a range of cell types during development, and this pluripotency is regulated by various extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Mucin-type O-glycosylation has been suggested to be a potential factor in the control of ESC pluripotency, and is characterized by the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to serine or threonine residues of membrane-anchored proteins and secreted proteins. To date, the relationship between mucin-type O-glycosylation and signaling in ESCs remains undefined. Here, we identify the elongation pathway via C1GalT1 that synthesizes T antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAc) as the most prominent among mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications in ESCs. Moreover, we show that mucin-type O-glycosylation on the Wnt signaling receptor frizzled-5 (Fzd5) regulates its endocytosis via galectin-3 binding to T antigen, and that reduction of T antigen results in the exit of the ESCs from pluripotency via canonical Wnt signaling activation. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism that modulates Wnt signaling and, consequently, ESC pluripotency.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Comparison of two lipid emulsions on interleukin-1β, interleukin-8 and fatty acid composition in infants post gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized trial
Authors: Hanindita Meta Herdiana , Irawan Roedi , Ugrasena I Dewa Gede , Hariastawa I. G. B. Adria 
Published: September 2020

Background: Nutritional support plays an essential role for recovery in infants who undergo gastrointestinal surgery. The current standard type of intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) used as parenteral nutrition is the mixture of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and long chain triglyceride (LCT) rich in ω-6. Studies showed that ω-6 is associated with higher level of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to increased mortality rate, morbidity rate, and postoperative recovery time. The latest generation of emulsion is a mixture of MCT, LCT, olive oil (OO), and fish oil (FO) which may optimize the ω6/ω3 ratio. This study aimed to compare the effect of MCT/LCT/OO/FO IVLE to standard IVLE on IL-1β, IL-8 and plasma fatty acid composition in infants who had undergone gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: A single-blind, randomised controlled, pretest-posttest design study was done in twelve subjects that were classified into two groups. Group 1 received standard IVLE, group 2 received MCT/LCT/OO/FO IVLE. The type of standard and MCT/LCT/OO/FO IVLE used in this study were Lipofundin 20% and SMOFlipid 20%, respectively, both administered for three consecutive days in 1-4 gram/kilogram/day. IL-1β and IL-8 were examined using ELISA while fatty acid composition was analyzed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Mac 23. Results: No statistical difference was found in age, gender, birth weight and diagnosis, between both groups. Leukocyte level was significantly lower in MCT/LCT/OO/FO group 3 days after surgery (p=0.025). CRP level was lower in MCT/LCT/OO/FO group 3 days after surgery (p=0.01) and in changes within 3 days (p=0.016). There were no differences in IL-1β and IL-8 but ω-6 was higher in standard IVFE group on third day after surgery (p=0,048). Conclusion: MCT/LCT/OO/FO IVLE can significantly lower leukocyte, CRP and ω-6 levels and is comparable with standard IVLE on IL-1β & IL-8 levels in infants underwent gastrointestinal surgery.
Long-term follow-up of resection of primary benign right ventricular tumours: a 10-year surgical experience
Authors: Qiao E , Wang Y , Huang Z , Li F , Wang W 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPrimary benign right ventricular tumours are rare. They can cause significant mortality without appropriate and timely treatment. We investigated surgical treatment and survival characteristics for right ventricular tumours.Materials and methodsFrom 2007 to 2017, 21 patients with primary benign right ventricular tumours who underwent tumour resection were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical findings and follow-up results were analysed.ResultsThirteen men and eight women were enrolled, with a mean age of 42.3 ± 15.3 years. The most frequent histotypes were myxoma, haemangioma and papillary fibroelastoma. Eight patients underwent concomitant tricuspid valvuloplasty and one had tricuspid valve replacement. No major adverse events or death occurred during the perioperative period. One patient with haemangioma underwent partial tumour resection; however, the tumour regressed gradually during follow-up. Within the 10-year follow-up period (mean 4.8 ± 2.6 years), the recurrence-free and overall survival rates were 81.0% and 85.7%, respectively.ConclusionsTumour resection for primary benign right ventricular tumours is safe and effective, and has a good prognosis. Tricuspid valvuloplasty or tricuspid valve replacement may be necessary for the resection of right ventricular tumours to improve the haemodynamics. Haemangiomas naturally undergo spontaneous regression.
Design of a near-infrared plasmonic gas sensor based on graphene nanogratings
Authors: Maleki Morteza , Mehran Mahdiyeh , Mokhtari Arash 
Published: September 2020

In this work, a gas sensor based on the plasmonic double-layer graphene nanograting (GNG) structure with an enhanced figure of merit (FoM) is presented in the near-infrared region. This structure includes double periodic graphene nanoribbon arrays, separated by a dielectric. The wavelength interrogation method is employed to accurately investigate the behavior of the proposed structure for various physical and geometrical parameters, including the array pitch, graphene nanoribbon width, refractive index of the intermediate dielectric between the GNGs, and the chemical potential of the graphene. A sharp dip is achieved by the guided-mode resonance between the two GNG layers, due to their near-field coupling. For the optimized design, obtained sensitivity and FoM are 430.91 nm/RIU and

174.68

R
I
U

−
1

, respectively, when the finite-element method is used for the simulations. The high FoM is a result of the field enhancement at the edges of the graphene nanoribbons, as well as the narrow resonance linewidth achieved by the sharp transmission dip. In addition to the high performance and FoM, the structure is robust to the misalignment of two GNG layers, offering a solution for practical gas sensing applications. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed GNG-based structure enjoys a boosted FoM compared to the previously proposed integrated gas sensors, as well as a practically feasible design for fabrication.
Terahertz pulse-altered gene networks in human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Tachizaki Takehiro , Sakaguchi Reiko , Terada Shiho , Kamei Ken-Ichiro , Hirori Hideki 
Published: September 2020

Terahertz (THz) irradiation has been exploited in biomedical
applications involving non-invasive manipulation of living cells. We
developed an apparatus for studying the effects of THz pulse
irradiation on living human induced pluripotent stem cells. The THz
pulse of the maximum electric field reached 0.5 MV/cm and was applied
for one hour with 1 kHz repetition to the entire cell–culture area, a
diameter of 1 mm. RNA sequencing of global gene-expression revealed
that many THz-regulated genes were driven by zinc–finger transcription
factors. Combined with a consideration of the interactions of metal
ions and a THz electric field, these results imply that the local
intracellular concentration of metal ions, such as

Z
n

2
+

, was changed by the effective
electrical force of our THz pulse.
Efficient low-brightness-pumped Raman amplification of a single
high-order Bessel mode in 335-m of 70-µm-diameter silica-core step-index
fiber
Authors: Zhu Sheng , Feng Yutong , Barua Pranabesh , Nilsson Johan 
Published: September 2020

We experimentally demonstrate Raman amplification of signal pulses in a
high-order Bessel mode (

L
P

06

) at a wavelength of 1121 nm in a
335-m step-index fiber with a 70-µm diameter, 0.227-NA pure-silica
core. This was pumped by 5-ns multimode pulses at 1065 nm from a
Yb-doped fiber master oscillation power amplifier. The mode purity of
the amplified pulses is well preserved to 23 dB of average-power gain,
to 774 W of peak power in 2 ns pulses at a 20 kHz repetition rate,
when pumped with a peak power of 942 W. The pump depletion as averaged
over the signal pulses reaches 59%. We believe, to the best of our
knowledge, that this is the first demonstration of stable mode
propagation and Raman amplification of a single Bessel-like
higher-order mode in a fiber of hundreds of meters. This shows the
potential for efficient power scaling of a single signal mode with
low-brightness pumping, comparable with that from continuous-wave
multimode diode lasers.
Political fact or political fiction? The agenda-setting impact of the political fiction seriesBorgenon the public and news media
Authors: Boukes Mark , Aalbers Lotte , Andersen Kim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPoliticotainment and democratainment are concepts used to identify the relevance of popular culture for citizenship. Among the most prominent examples of these concepts are political fiction series. Merging political facts with fictional narratives, such series provide a unique opportunity to engage the audience with political matters in an entertaining way. But can these series also affect the agenda of the public and the news media? Based on aggregate-level data of Google search queries and news-media content, the current study examines the agenda-setting effects of the political fiction seriesBorgen. Time-series analyses show that only a fewBorgenepisodes affected the public agenda and even fewer the news media agenda. Evidence is also found for negative patterns. Thus, we should be careful not to overestimate the impact of political fiction in terms of agenda-setting effects: It occasionally has agenda-setting effects but more often not.
An electrochemical method to investigate the effects of compound composition on gold dissolution in thiosulfate solution
Authors: Zhang Zhaohui , Liu Bailong , Wu Mei , Sun Longxin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of gold dissolution in the Cu2+–NH3–S2O32−–EDTA solution has been investigated in detail by deriving and analyzing the Tafel polarization curve, as this method is currently widely implemented for the electrode corrosion analysis. The dissolution rate of gold in Cu2+–NH3–S2O32−–EDTA solution was determined based on the Tafel polarization curves, and the effects of various compound compositions in a Cu2+–NH3–S2O32−–EDTA mixture on the corrosion potential and corrosion current density were analyzed. The results showed that the corrosion potential and polarization resistance decreased, whereas the corrosion current density increased for certain concentrations of S2O32−–NH3–Cu2+and EDTA, indicating that the dissolution rate of gold had changed. The reason for promoting the dissolution of gold is also discussed.