bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in New Zealand and proposed solutions
Authors: Necas Martin , Ong Qi Hao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionContrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) appears underutilised in New Zealand (NZ). The purpose of this survey was to gain an understanding of the barriers that prevent NZ practitioners from implementing CEUS and to offer practical solutions on how to solve such barriers.MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to 88 delegates of two regional meetings on the topic of CEUS convened in Tauranga and Auckland, NZ in November and December 2019.ResultsResponse rate was 82%. Of the 72 respondents, 56 were sonographers and 14 radiologists. The 72 respondents provided 129 responses regarding the barriers that have hindered them or their department in implementing and performing CEUS. The most common barriers were lack of knowledge on part of sonographers or radiologists (n = 23, 42%), lack of support from radiologists (n = 21, 38%), uncertainty about funding or charges (n = 14, 25%), lack of interest on part of radiologists (7, 12%) and lack of leadership (7, 12%).ConclusionThis study revealed a broad range of barriers that have prevented practitioners of ultrasound from implementing and performing CEUS. The analysis of these barriers and practical solutions are provided so that readers who are not yet performing CEUS can anticipate and address these common barriers.
Numeric modelling of innovative semi‐rigid connections under cyclic loading
Authors: Aydin Abdulkadir Cüneyt , Ardalani Aysan , Maali Mahyar , Kiliç Mahmut 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the analytical results of six steel bolted T‐connection models and four steel bolted beam‐to‐column connection models with top and seat angles. This study was undertaken to analyse the influence of bolted T‐connections instead of welded connections and the influence of angles with and without stiffeners on the behaviour of the beam‐to‐column connections under hysteretic loading. The aim was to compare the energy dissipation of different connections with each other. The energy dissipation characteristics are obtained from the main characteristics of moment‐rotation hysteresis curves. This study shows that the energy dissipation decreased by about 2–29 % and 2–13 % for bolted T‐connection and top‐and‐seat‐angle connection models respectively after switching from one cycle to another in five hysteretic loadings.
Influence of nano SiO2 and nano CaCO3 particles on strength, workability, and microstructural properties of fly ash‐based geopolymer
Authors: Durak Uğur , Karahan Okan , Uzal Burak , İlkentapar Serhan , Atiş Cengiz Duran 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe influence of nano SiO2(NS) and CaCO3(NC) particles on the properties of class F fly ash based geopolymer mortar activated with different sodium ion concentrations have been investigated. Mortar mixture proportions were 1:3:0.3 for binder, sand, and water, respectively. Nano SiO2 and CaCO3 particles were replaced with a binder by weight basis at the ratios of 1, 2, and 3% in the mixtures. Sodium concentrations amount used were 8, 10, and 12% Na+ of binder content. Geopolymer mortar samples were cured at 60, 75, and 90°C in a furnace for 24, 48, and 72 hr. After the heat curing process, flexural, and compressive strength tests were performed. The changes in the microstructure of geopolymer due to influence of nanoparticles were examined by utilizing isothermal calorimetric studies on geopolymer paste, and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Based on laboratory work results, it was concluded that for all sodium ion concentrations, the addition of nano SiO2 and CaCO3 particles improved the flexural and compressive strengths after 24 hr heat curing. However, the favorable effects of nanoparticles on strength properties tend to disappear after 48 and 72 hr heat curing. The results of isothermal calorimetric studies showed that nano SiO2 and CaCO3 particles accelerated the geopolymeric reactions at an early age. FESEM results showed that additions of nanoparticles made the microstructure of geopolymer products more intense and compact.
Interspinifex Ni sulfide ore from Victor South-McLeay, Kambalda, Western Australia
Authors: Staude Sebastian , Barnes Stephen J. , Markl Gregor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpinifex-textured olivine plates hosted in sulfides are usually named “interspinifex ore” in komatiite-hosted sulfide deposits. This ore type is rare but provides important genetic information on sulfide deposits, komatiite volcanology and thermomechanical erosion processes. Occurrences in Victor South-McLeay and Moran South (Kambalda, Western Australia) differ significantly from previously reported occurrences in their stratigraphic location, position within the ore profile and textural appearance. Thus, their formation process has to be reconsidered. Interspinifex ore reported here is situated in the lower portion of the basal lava flow between massive and net-textured sulfides in the centre of the embayment and between massive sulfides and older basalt in a “pinchout” where the sulfides melted sideways into older basalt on the embayment edge. Interspinifex ore is composed of up to 10-cm-long aggregates of parallel plates in the upper portion of massive sulfides and is overlain by barren komatiite. The texture does not allow for a classic single explanation. Thus, two possible formation mechanisms are envisaged: (1) A younger komatiite melt intrudes into its own olivine and sulfide liquid cumulate pile, while the sulfides are still liquid. The injection on top of the sulfides causes the formation of an emulsion, from which the spinifex forms due to the temperature gradient between the melts. (2) Interspinifex ore is a relic of an early komatiite flow formed in a series of successive pulses of komatiite and sulfide liquid. The spinifex of the komatiite is invaded by a younger batch of sulfide liquid replacing interstitial silicate melt.
All congruences below stability-preserving fair testing or CFFD
Authors: Valmari Antti 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn process algebras, a congruence is an equivalence that remains valid when any subsystem is replaced by an equivalent one. Whether or not an equivalence is a congruence depends on the set of operators used in building systems from subsystems. Numerous congruences have been found, differing from each other in fine details, major ideas, or both, and none of them is good for all situations. The world of congruences seems thus chaotic, which is unpleasant, because the notion of congruence is at the heart of process algebras. This study continues attempts to clarify the big picture by proving that in certain sub-areas, there are no other congruences than those that are already known or found in the study. First, the region below stability-preserving fair testing equivalence is surveyed using an exceptionally small set of operators. The region contains few congruences, which is in sharp contrast with an earlier result on the region below Chaos-Free Failures Divergences (CFFD) equivalence, which contains 40 well-known and not well-known congruences. Second, steps are taken towards a general theory of dealing with initial stability, which is a small but popular detail. This theory is applied to the region below CFFD.
Acute Care Surgery Models Worldwide: A Systematic Review
Authors: van der Wee Mats J. L. , van der Wilden Gwendolyn , Hoencamp Rigo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Acute Care Surgery (ACS) model was developed as a dedicated service for the provision of 24/7 nontrauma emergency surgical care. This systematic review investigated which components are essential in an ACS model and the state of implementation of ACS models worldwide.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases. All relevant data of ACS models were extracted from included articles.ResultsThe search identified 62 articles describing ACS models in 13 countries. The majority consist of a dedicated nontrauma emergency surgical service, with daytime on‐site attending coverage (cleared from elective duties), and 24/7 in‐house resident coverage. Emergency department coverage and operating room access varied widely. Critical care is fully embedded in the original US model as part of the acute care chain (ACC), but is still a separate unit in most other countries. While in most European countries, ACS is not a recognized specialty yet, there is a tendency toward more structured acute care.ConclusionsLarge national and international heterogeneity exists in the structure and components of the ACS model. Critical care is still a separate component in most systems, although it is an essential part of the ACC to provide the best pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative care of the physiologically deranged patient. Universal acceptance of one global ACS model seems challenging; however, a global consensus on essential components would benefit any healthcare system.
Measuring NO and temperature in plasma preheated air using UV absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Sepman Alexey , Gullberg Marcus , Wiinikka Henrik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new fast sensor for simultaneous high temperature diagnostics (above 800 K) of nitrogen oxide (NO) concentration and gas temperature (T) was developed based on the spectral fitting of low-resolution NO UV absorption near 226 nm. The sensor was intended for process control in future low-carbon footprint heavy process industries using renewable powered electro fuels (e.g. H2, NH3) or plasma torches as heat source. Due to excitation of molecular vibration, the shape of the selected NO feature, including (0, 0), (1, 1), and (2, 2) vibrational transitions of the A2Σ+ − X2Π2 electronic system had a strong temperature sensitivity at temperatures above 800 K. The fitting was made using the well-known NO molecular constants of the A2Σ+ − X2Π2 electronic system. To reduce the computational time, a library of the molecular spectra calculated at different temperatures was created. The fitting of an experimental spectrum representing the convolution of the instrument line function of the spectrometer with the molecular spectra was performed using the pre-calculated library spectra. Based on comparison with conventional measurement methods, the accuracy of the developed sensor was within 15% for NO and about 40 K for T, clearly showing the potential for fast in situ diagnostics in hot process gases.
Linking fluid dynamics and olivine crystal scale zoning during simulated magma intrusion
Authors: Cheng Lilu , Costa Fidel , Bergantz George 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe compositional zoning styles of natural crystals produced during magma intrusion can be used to investigate the structure of magmatic plumbing systems and its relation to expressions of volcanic unrest (seismic, deformation, volatiles). However, magma intrusion is a progressive, dynamic process and yields non-monotonic heterogeneities in physio-chemical variables such as complex spatial variations in temperature and liquid composition with time. Such changes in variables are difficult to incorporate in models of crystal zoning in natural systems. Here we take another approach by integrating the results of a numerical multiphase simulation of melt arrival in an olivine-rich reservoir with models of chemical re-equilibration of olivine. We evaluate the diversity of chemical zoning styles and the inferred time scales using Fe–Mg diffusion in olivine for a limited range of system geometries and time-composition-temperature values. Although our models are still a large simplification of the processes that may occur in natural systems we find several time-dependent and systematic relations between variables that can be used to better interpret natural data. The proportions of zoned and unzoned crystals, the zoning length scales, and the calculated diffusion times from the crystals, vary with time and the initial position of the crystal in the reservoir. These relationships can be used, for example, to better constrain the plumbing structure and dynamics of mafic eruptions from monogenetic volcanoes by detailed studies of changes in the zoning of the crystal cargo with eruptive sequence. Moreover, we also find that the time scales obtained from modeling of crystals at a single temperature and boundary condition tend to be shorter (> about 25%) than the residence time, which could also be tested in natural studies by combining crystal time scale records with monitoring datasets.
Theoretical study on preference of open polymer vs. cyclic products in CO2/epoxide copolymerization with cobalt(III)-salen bifunctional catalysts
Authors: Roznowska Aleksandra , Dyduch Karol , Lee Bun Yeoul , Michalak Artur 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe preference of open chain of growing macromolecule vs. possible cyclic form was examined for the bifunctional cobalt(III)-salen catalyst for the copolymerization of CO2 with epoxides. A variety of possible isomers was considered (resulting from trans/cis-β salen arrangement, different mutual orientation of quaternary ammonium-chains, and possible binding modes). To explore the conformational space, a combined approach was applied, utilizing semiempirical (PM7) MD and the DFT calculations. The preference of the open and cyclic macromolecules attached to the metal center was compared with the corresponding results for isolated model macromolecules, and the systems built of the macromolecule interacting with the tetra-butyl ammonium cation. Result shows that the cyclic structures are strongly preferred for isolated ions, with relatively low cyclization barriers. In the field of positive point charge, the open structures are strongly preferred. For the ions interacting with tetrabutyl ammonium cation, the cyclic structures are preferred, due to delocalization of the positive charge in the cation. For the complexes involving model and “real” Co(III)-salen catalysts, the open structures are strongly preferred. The possible cyclization by dissociation of alkoxide and its transfer to the neighborhood of quaternary ammonium cation is characterized by high activation barriers. Further, the transfer of alkoxide from the metal center to the cation is less likely than the transfer of carbonate, since the metal-alkoxide bond-energy energy is much stronger than energy of metal-carbonate bonding, as shown by ETS-NOCV results. The conclusions are in qualitative agreement with experimental data showing high selectivity towards copolymer formation in the copolymerization processes catalyzed by bifunctional Co(III) salen-complexes.
Granular dampers in microgravity: sharp transition between modes of operation
Authors: Sack Achim , Windows-Yule Kit , Heckel Michael , Werner Dominik , Pöschel Thorsten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhen a container filled with granular material is subjected to sinusoidal vibration in microgravity, dependent on the amplitude of the oscillation, the granulate may exhibit one of two distinct dynamical modes: at low amplitude, a gas-like state is observed, where the particles are relatively homogeneously distributed within the container, almost independent of the phase of the oscillation. In contrast, for large amplitude, collective motion of the particles is favoured, termed collect-and-collide regime. Both regimes are characterized by very different dissipation characteristics. A recent model predicts that the regimes are separated by a sharp transition due to a critical amplitude of the vibration. Here we confirm this prediction of a sharp transition and also the numerical value of the critical amplitude by means of experiments performed under conditions of weightlessness.
Polygenic risk scores indicates genetic overlap between peripheral pain syndromes and chronic postsurgical pain
Authors: van Reij Roel R. I. , Voncken Jan Willem , Joosten Elbert A. J. , van den Hoogen Nynke J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a debilitating chronic pain condition that has a substantial effect on quality of life. CPSP shows considerable clinical overlap with different chronic peripheral pain syndromes, suggesting a shared aetiology. This study aims to assess the genetic overlap between different chronic pain syndromes and CPSP, providing relevant biological context for potential chronic pain markers of CPSP. To analyse the genetic overlap between CPSP and chronic peripheral pain syndromes, recent GWAS studies were combined for polygenic risk scores (PRS) analysis, using a cohort of CPSP patients as starting point. Biological contextualisation of genetic marker, overlap between CPSP and chronic pain syndromes, was assessed through Gene Ontology (GO), using Pathway Scoring Algorithm (PASCAL) and REVIGO. PRS analyses suggest a significant genetic overlap between CPSP and 3 chronic pain disorders: chronic widespread pain (CWP, p value threshold = 0.003, R2 0.06, p = 0.003), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, p value threshold = 0.0177, R2 = 0.04, p = 0.017) and possibly sciatica (p value threshold = 0.00025, R2 = 0.03, p = 0.045). Whereas no significant genetic overlap was found with cluster headache and migraine, the outcome for osteoarthritis (OA) was inconsistent between the cohorts. This is likely related to cohort composition, as repeated random reallocation of patients’ nullified CPSP/OA outcome variation between the discovery and replication cohorts. GO analyses suggested an aetiological involvement of genetic markers that control neurological signalling (specifically sodium channels) and inflammatory response. The current study reaffirms the impact of sample size, cohort composition and open data accessibility on the unbiased identification of genetic overlap across disorders. In conclusion, this study is the first to report genetic overlap between regulatory processes implicated in CPSP and chronic peripheral pain syndromes. Interaction between neurological signalling and inflammatory response may explain the genetic overlap between CPSP, CWP and RA. Enhanced understanding of mechanisms underlying chronification of pain will aid the development of new therapeutic strategies for CPSP with sodium channel biochemistry as a potential candidate.
Fully inkjet-printed glucose assay fabricated on highly porous pigment coating
Authors: Jutila Eveliina , Koivunen Risto , Bollström Roger , Gane Patrick 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA simple paper-based microfluidic device, fabricated on a highly porous coating consisting of functionalised calcium carbonate (FCC) pigment and a microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and/or polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) binder, was developed for glucose detection. Both the hydrophobic patterns, consisting of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), and the enzyme ink, consisting of glucose oxidase (GOx), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and an indicator containing 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP), and sodium 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-benzenesulphonic acid (DHBS) were inkjet-printed. Multiple coating formulations were tested using two indicators, potassium iodide (KI) and 4-AAP/DHBS, to find the optimal formulation with regard to detection sensitivity and assay stability. Higher binder concentrations increased the enzyme activity, especially in the case of PVOH. Two coatings, containing either solely MFC or both MFC and PVOH were ultimately chosen for the glucose assay experiments. For the assays, a 42 nl volume of buffered enzyme solution, containing a total of 5.04 mU GOx and approximately 1.01 mU HRP, in combination with 4 mM 4-AAP and 8 mM DHBS, was printed, and a 1 µl glucose solution, made up over a range of concentrations, was applied onto the samples to evaluate the response. A good linearity was achieved between detection and glucose concentration between 0.1 and 0.6 mM with both coatings. The assays remained stable for four weeks when stored at − 20 °C. The results show that the functional coated substrates offer a viable alternative to cellulose-based substrates for microfluidic applications enabling the use of small reagent and sample volumes.
Tolerance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae to acute ammonia exposure
Authors: van der Meeren Terje , Mangor-Jensen Anders 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTolerance for acute ammonia exposure, defined to exist between NOEC (no observed effect concentration) and LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration), was validated in seven exposure experiments with Atlantic cod larvae from 15 to 63 days post-hatch, corresponding to larval sizes of 0.2 to 4.9 mg dry weight, respectively. LOEC was found in the range of 0.019–0.082 mg L−1 NH3-N, with corresponding NOECs of 0.013–0.045 mg L−1 NH3-N. Cod larvae of 1.0 and 1.7 mg dry weight (33 and 42 days after hatching) were found to be most sensitive and had the highest mortality to acute ammonia exposure, indicating ontogenetic changes in ammonia tolerance. The results suggest that specific care needs to be taken in designing and monitoring rearing systems, particularly recirculation systems, for toxic ammonia levels regarding larval rearing of Atlantic cod.
Healthcare providers’ adherence to breast cancer guidelines in Europe: a systematic literature review
Authors: Niño de Guzmán Ena , Song Yang , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Canelo-Aybar Carlos , Neamtiu Luciana , Parmelli Elena , Pérez-Bracchiglione Javier , Rabassa Montserrat , Rigau David , Parkinson Zuleika Saz , Solà Iván , Vásquez-Mejía Adrián , Ricci-Cabello Ignacio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Clinical guidelines’ (CGs) adherence supports high-quality care. However, healthcare providers do not always comply with CGs recommendations. This systematic literature review aims to assess the extent of healthcare providers’ adherence to breast cancer CGs in Europe and to identify the factors that impact on healthcare providers’ adherence.

Methods
We searched for systematic reviews and quantitative or qualitative primary studies in MEDLINE and Embase up to May 2019. The eligibility assessment, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by one author and cross-checked by a second author. We conducted a narrative synthesis attending to the modality of the healthcare process, methods to measure adherence, the scope of the CGs, and population characteristics.

Results
Out of 8137 references, we included 41 primary studies conducted in eight European countries. Most followed a retrospective cohort design (19/41; 46%) and were at low or moderate risk of bias. Adherence for overall breast cancer care process (from diagnosis to follow-up) ranged from 54 to 69%; for overall treatment process [including surgery, chemotherapy (CT), endocrine therapy (ET), and radiotherapy (RT)] the median adherence was 57.5% (interquartile range (IQR) 38.8–67.3%), while for systemic therapy (CT and ET) it was 76% (IQR 68–77%). The median adherence for the processes assessed individually was higher, ranging from 74% (IQR 10–80%), for the follow-up, to 90% (IQR 87–92.5%) for ET. Internal factors that potentially impact on healthcare providers’ adherence were their perceptions, preferences, lack of knowledge, or intentional decisions.

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of breast cancer patients are not receiving CGs-recommended care. Healthcare providers’ adherence to breast cancer CGs in Europe has room for improvement in almost all care processes. CGs development and implementation processes should address the main factors that influence healthcare providers' adherence, especially patient-related ones.

Registration:
PROSPERO (CRD42018092884).