bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of By-products’ Potentiality for the Reincorporation in New Building Materials
Authors: Vázquez D A Arellano , Moreschi L , Valverde G J Islas , Gallo M , Del Borghi A , Arcos J C Arteaga 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article explores the potentiality of agro-industrial by-products for the reincorporation into new industrial cycles from a circular economy perspective. Focusing on the chemical characterization of the pineapple by-product coming from the Mexican food industry, the methodology for the evaluation of the most proper and sustainable application of this material into the Mexican social system is shown. The application of pineapple by-product for the production of new low-impact insulation material is proposed to solve a social problem affecting the country: the wide diffusion of self-built houses and their poor habitability features, like a proper thermal comfort. The environmental impacts coming from the production of the insulation material have also been evaluated according to the guidelines given by the International EPD system in order to guarantee the reliability of the methodology and the possible future comparison with other insulation materials.
Measurement of Radon Concentration and Estimation of Its Emission of Coal-Fired Power Plants
Authors: Zeng Ye , Tian Xin , Lu Tao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the experiment, RAD7 multi-functional electronic radon meter was used to measure the radon (222Rn) concentration at key points in the production process of three typical coal-fired power plants in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces along the Yangtze river in China. The results show that after the combustion of raw coal, the radon was released, which caused radon concentration after the boiler’s gas system to be significantly higher than the air intake. Combined with the measurement and survey data, two different estimation methods of radon emission were established. First, based on radon concentration measured on site and the air volume at each inlet and outlet, the normalized radon emission of three coal fired power plants are calculated to be 102 GBq/GWa order of magnitude. The second one is using activity concentration of 226Ra in combination with actual coal use to calculate the emission, in this way, that typical value of normalize radon emission 151.3 GBq/GWa is obtained. This study provides data support for the construction of nuclear power plants in inland China.
Detection of Pesticide Residues in Soil, Water, and Food
Authors: An Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pesticide is widely used in modern agriculture for increasing crop production. However, pesticides can contaminate the environment, including water, soil, and food, and cause damage to ecosystems and organism health. Analysis of pesticide residues in soil, water, and food samples aims at detecting presence of pesticides in these environmental samples and providing knowledge for further research and decision making. Common methods used in such analysis serve varying ends. Sample preparation methods like solid phase extraction and microextraction cleans the sample and enriches the analytes of interest. Chromatography, including gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, separates the analytes based on their chemical nature. Detectors like ultraviolet-visible spectra detectors and mass spectrometers analyze the compounds separated by chromatographs. They provide critical information on the analytes and allow for both identification and quantification of the pesticide residues in the sample. The article aims at providing a brief overview of the aforesaid methods in context of pesticide residue analysis. Their basic principles are demonstrated, and their strengths and weaknesses are briefly discussed. Applications of the methods are also presented through a number of published researches using such methods in pesticide analysis.
Hydrogen Production: State of Technology
Authors: Li S , Kang Q , Baeyens J , Zhang H L , Deng Y M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Presently, hydrogen is for ∼50% produced by steam reforming of natural gas – a process leading to significant emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG). About 30% is produced from oil/naphtha reforming and from refinery/chemical industry off-gases. The remaining capacity is covered for 18% from coal gasification, 3.9% from water electrolysis and 0.1% from other sources. In the foreseen future hydrogen economy, green hydrogen production methods will need to supply hydrogen to be used directly as fuel or to generate synthetic fuels, to produce ammonia and other fertilizers (viz. urea), to upgrade heavy oils (like oil sands), and to produce other chemicals. There are several ways to produce H2, each with limitations and potential, such as steam reforming, electrolysis, thermal and thermo-chemical water splitting, dark and photonic fermentation; gasification, and catalytic decomposition of methanol. The paper reviews the fundamentals and potential of these alternative process routes. Both thermo-chemical water splitting and fermentation are marked as having a long term but high “green” potential.
Bio-energy Carriers as Back-up Fuel in Hybrid Solar Power Plants
Authors: Baeyens Jan , Li Shuo , Zhang Huili , Dewil Raf , Flamant Gilles , Ansart Renaud , Deng Yimin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Electricity from concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, gains an increasing interest and importance. To fully match the supply-demand principle, CSP processes include a thermal energy storage and back-up fuel supply. Novel CSP concepts are needed with specific targets of increased efficiency and reliability, and of reduced CAPEX and OPEX. The use of particle suspensions offers significant advantages since applicable in all sub-sections of the complete CSP as heat carrier from the receiver, to the heat storage, and ultimately to the power block. The use of particles in the steam generation (power block) is a common fluidized bed boiler technology. This paper will present the entire particle-based concept, while also discussing the potential to use biomass-based energy carriers as back-up heat supply. Process data and expected effects on the process economy of the system will be discussed.
Determination of Non-point Pollution Critical Areas to Provide Sustainable River Basin Management, Gördes Dam Basin, Turkey
Authors: Özdemir A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Non-point source (NPS) pollution is the main factor cause of various water quality problems across river basins in Turkey. The determination of critical source areas (CSAs) is necessary to control non-point source (NPS) pollution at a basin scale, especially when there are limited resources in the areas. The aim of this study is to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of NPS pollution loads in the Gördes dam basin, Turkey. CSAs were identified based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Fact and Fully Calibration Tool (FACT) were used to calibrate the model. The distribution of total nitrogen and phosphorus load in the basin was determined based on the subbasins level. The results based on the calibrated model showed that the sub-basins heavily and seriously polluted by agricultural and forest areas. Higher TN and TP loads occurred mainly in the downstream areas of the Gördes dam basin. Furthermore, the central zone of the Gördes dam basin was identified as the major source of TN and TP loads owing to the flow direction.
Expected Changes in the Demand for Electrical Energy in Buildings due to Climate Change and its Economic Impact: Madrid Case Study
Authors: José Roberto San , Pérez-Camaño Juan L. , Pérez Libia , González-Barras Rosa M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It analyses the impact of global climate change on electricity demand and its respective economic cost in buildings covering an area of 1 km by 1 km in the city of Madrid. In order to know the energy demand, meteorological information has been produced with a spatial resolution of 50 meters, taking into account the three-dimensional structure of the buildings and the land use properties around the buildings. Climate variables are dynamically downscaled from 1° to 50 m using a nesting approach. Energy simulations of buildings are implemented with the EnergyPlus model. To determine the cost of impacts, the future distribution of energy sources in the two climate scenarios analysed and the corresponding 2012 prices of the Spanish Energy Commission are taken into account. Impacts on the area’s energy demand are calculated for 2030, 2050 and 2100 versus 2011 under two IPCC global climate projections: RCP 4.5 (emission stabilization scenario) and RCP 8.5 (little effort to reduce emissions). The expected changes in electricity consumption in the year 2100 are very important. RCP 8.5 shows a strong increase in electricity demand for cooling buildings. In RCP 4.5 decreases in electricity consumption are observed (-14.37%) due to very important decreases in temperature. On average, the global climate for the year 2100 will have an impact on a typical building block in Madrid of 117918 euros per year according to scenario RCP 8.5 while in scenario RCP 4.5 110537 euros per year would be saved.
The Perceived Opportunity to Avoid Pain Paradoxically Increases Pain-Related Fear Through Increased Threat Appraisals
Authors: van Vliet Christine M , Meulders Ann , Vancleef Linda M G , Vlaeyen Johan W S 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough pain-related avoidance is mainly intended to reduce the accompanying anticipatory fear, avoidance behavior may paradoxically increase fear when a previous avoidance response is no longer available, suggesting that there is a bidirectional relationship between pain-related fear and avoidance.PurposeWe hypothesized that avoidance can serve as a source of information that fuels irrational pain-related threat appraisals, which, in turn, increases pain-related fear.MethodsParticipants (N = 66) were exposed to a painful heat stimulus and randomly assigned to the avoidance or control group. They were instructed to avoid the full heat intensity by pressing a stop button in the presence of a stop cue. Only avoidance group participants received a stop cue and were allowed to press the stop button, while control group participants received the same instructions but never had the opportunity to avoid the full heat intensity. In reality and unknown to participants, the intensity and duration of the heat stimulus was independent of the avoidance response. In the subsequent test phase, the avoidance response was unavailable for both groups. We measured pain-related fear, threat appraisals/harmfulness, and pain intensity.ResultsIn line with our expectations, pain-related fear levels were higher when the avoidance response was no longer available compared to those when the avoidance response was available. Increased threat appraisals mediated the relationship between avoidance behavior and increased pain-related fear.ConclusionsThe perceived opportunity to avoid increased pain-related fear through threat appraisals, suggesting a more complicated relationship between pain-related fear, threat appraisals, and avoidance behavior than the unidirectional relationships proposed in the fear-avoidance model. Clinical implications are discussed.
An IgA mimicry of IgG that binds polymeric immunoglobulin receptor for mucosa transcytosis
Authors: Mao Changchuin , Near Richard , Shibad Varuna , Zhong Xuemei , Gao Wenda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost pathogens establish infection through mucosa, where secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays an ‘immune exclusion’ role in humoral defense. Extravasation of intravenously (i.v.) administrated therapeutic immunoglobulin G (IgG) mainly relies on convection and/or neonatal Fc receptor-mediated transcytosis from circulation into interstitial space. Active transport of interstitial IgG further across epithelium into mucosa, like sIgA, is a much desired feature for the next generation of therapeutic antibodies, especially for anti-infection purposes. For the first time, we report the engineering of an IgA mimicry of IgG, with its Fc portion in fusion with the 18-aa tail piece (tp) of sIgA and the J chain, possessing sIgA’s full binding activity towards polymeric immunoglobulin receptor that mediates mucosa transcytosis. In a diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) knockin mouse model, i.v. injected anti-diphtheria toxin (DT) IgG(tp)J protected DTR+ cells from deletion upon DT injection. The compact design of IgG(tp)J opens new revenues for more effective therapeutic IgG mimicking some of the important biological functions of IgA.
Changes in phenological events in response to a global warming scenario reveal greater adaptability of winter annual compared with summer annual arabidopsis ecotypes
Authors: Footitt Steven , Hambidge Angela J , Finch-Savage William E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
The impact of global warming on life cycle timing is uncertain. We investigated changes in life cycle timing in a global warming scenario. We compared Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes adapted to the warm/dry Cape Verdi Islands (Cvi), Macaronesia, and the cool/wet climate of the Burren (Bur), Ireland, Northern Europe. These are obligate winter and summer annuals, respectively.

Methods
Using a global warming scenario predicting a 4 °C temperature rise from 2011 to approx. 2080, we produced F1 seeds at each end of a thermogradient tunnel. Each F1 cohort (cool and warm) then produced F2 seeds at both ends of the thermal gradient in winter and summer annual life cycles. F2 seeds from the winter life cycle were buried at three positions along the gradient to determine the impact of temperature on seedling emergence in a simulated winter life cycle.

Key Results
In a winter life cycle, increasing temperatures advanced flowering time by 10.1 d °C–1 in the winter annual and 4.9 d °C–1 in the summer annual. Plant size and seed yield responded positively to global warming in both ecotypes. In a winter life cycle, the impact of increasing temperature on seedling emergence timing was positive in the winter annual, but negative in the summer annual. Global warming reduced summer annual plant size and seed yield in a summer life cycle.

Conclusions
Seedling emergence timing observed in the north European summer annual ecotype may exacerbate the negative impact of predicted increased spring and summer temperatures on their establishment and reproductive performance. In contrast, seedling establishment of the Macaronesian winter annual may benefit from higher soil temperatures that will delay emergence until autumn, but which also facilitates earlier spring flowering and consequent avoidance of high summer temperatures. Such plasticity gives winter annual arabidopsis ecotypes a distinct advantage over summer annuals in expected global warming scenarios. This highlights the importance of variation in the timing of seedling establishment in understanding plant species responses to anthropogenic climate change.
Single-Stream Recycling Inspires Selective Fish Passage Solutions for the Connectivity Conundrum in Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: Zielinski Daniel P , McLaughlin Robert L , Pratt Thomas C , Goodwin R Andrew , Muir Andrew M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Barrier removal is a recognized solution for reversing river fragmentation, but restoring connectivity can have consequences for both desirable and undesirable species, resulting in a connectivity conundrum. Selectively passing desirable taxa while restricting the dispersal of undesirable taxa (selective connectivity) would solve many aspects of the connectivity conundrum. Selective connectivity is a technical challenge of sorting an assortment of things. Multiattribute sorting systems exist in other fields, although none have yet been devised for freely moving organisms within a river. We describe an approach to selective fish passage that integrates ecology and biology with engineering designs modeled after material recycling processes that mirror the stages of fish passage: approach, entry, passage, and fate. A key feature of this concept is the integration of multiple sorting processes each targeting a specific attribute. Leveraging concepts from other sectors to improve river ecosystem function may yield fast, reliable solutions to the connectivity conundrum.
Diversity, development and evolution of archegonia in land plants
Authors: Sokoloff Dmitry D , Remizowa Margarita V 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe review the diversity and development of archegonia, the female reproductive organs of land-plant gametophytes. The archegonium is a uniquely land-plant structure, and studies of its evolution benefit from use of a comparative approach in a phylogenetic context. Archegonia of most land plants share a common developmental motif, here termed a T-shaped pattern. A primary axial cell produces a primary cover cell and a central cell by horizontal division. The upper cell usually divides vertically and the lower one horizontally. In mosses such as Atrichum, the T-shaped stage is shifted towards the end of archegonium development, whereas in vascular plants it appears at the beginning of development, but these stages are still probably homologous. The fully exposed archegonia are traditionally viewed as an ancestral (plesiomorphic) condition in land plants, but there is no direct support for this view. We speculate that the fully exposed condition is derived and synapomorphic for setaphytes (mosses and liverworts). The fully sunken hornwort archegonia may be similar to the ancestral type of land-plant archegonia. Developmental evidence suggests that archegonium necks of setaphytes and tracheophytes are not homologous to each other. The neck wall of pteridophytes is composed of four-celled tiers, and one such tier is present in gymnosperms with motile male gametes. Neck-cell arrangement is much more plastic in archegonia of gymnosperms with sperm cell delivery by pollen tube (siphonogamy), in which the neck plays a role similar to pollen-tube transmitting tissue of angiosperms. Angiosperm synergids are probably homologues of gymnosperm neck cells, and the angiosperm egg cell is probably homologous to the ventral canal cell of gymnosperms. Developmental genetic bases of archegonium diversity in land plants remain to be understood. Even descriptive developmental data are currently missing or controversial for some key lineages of land plants.
Intelligent Computing: Knowledge Acquisition Method Based on the Management Scale Transformation
Authors: Wang Ai , Gao Xuedong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The widespread scale effect always generates significant changes in the properties or characteristics of management objects with different observation scales. Thus, this paper studies the scale transformation mechanism problem of management objects. The observation scale hierarchy (management scale) with clear management objectives could automatically be recognized through changing the observation scales, in order to improve the practical management efficiency. Firstly, an intelligent computing framework based on the scale transformation is established, which reduces the over-dependency of human involvement in traditional scale transformation methods. Then, the scale characteristic reasoning inference is put forward to improve the knowledge acquisition mechanism of scale transformation. Finally, a knowledge acquisition algorithm based on the variable-scale clustering (KAVSC) is proposed. Experiments selected the multiple products inventory data of a manufacturing enterprise from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. The experiment results illustrate that the proposed algorithm KAVSC is able to accurately recognize different management scale levels and scale characteristics of each product, which could effectively support managers making differentiated inventory management plans.
Improving Matsui’s Search Algorithm For The Best Differential/Linear Trails And Its Applications For DES, DESL And GIFT
Authors: Ji Fulei , Zhang Wentao , Ding Tianyou 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Automatic search methods have been widely used for cryptanalysis of block ciphers, especially for the most classic cryptanalysis methods—differential and linear cryptanalysis. However, the automatic search methods, no matter based on MILP, SMT/SAT or CP techniques, can be inefficient when the search space is too large. In this paper, we propose three new methods to improve Matsui’s branch-and-bound search algorithm, which is known as the first generic algorithm for finding the best differential and linear trails. The three methods, named reconstructing DDT and LAT according to weight, executing linear layer operations in minimal cost and merging two 4-bit S-boxes into one 8-bit S-box, respectively, can efficiently speed up the search process by reducing the search space as much as possible and reducing the cost of executing linear layer operations. We apply our improved algorithm to DESL and GIFT, which are still the hard instances for the automatic search methods. As a result, we find the best differential trails for DESL (up to 14-round) and GIFT-128 (up to 19-round). The best linear trails for DESL (up to 16-round), GIFT-128 (up to 10-round) and GIFT-64 (up to 15-round) are also found. To the best of our knowledge, these security bounds for DESL and GIFT under single-key scenario are given for the first time. Meanwhile, it is the longest exploitable (differential or linear) trails for DESL and GIFT. Furthermore, benefiting from the efficiency of the improved algorithm, we do experiments to demonstrate that the clustering effect of differential trails for 13-round DES and DESL are both weak.
Identification of a Male-Produced Volatile Pheromone forPhymatodes dimidiatus(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Seasonal Flight Phenology of FourPhymatodesSpecies Endemic to the North American Intermountain West
Authors: Lyons-Yerion Claudia D , Barbour James D , Mongold-Diers Judith A , Williams Christopher J , Cook Stephen P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch over the last 15 yr has shown widespread pheromone parsimony within the coleopteran family Cerambycidae, with a number of highly conserved pheromone motifs, often shared within and across subfamilies, tribes, and genera. Our goals were to increase our understanding of the evolution of volatile pheromones within the Cerambycidae, their role in reproductive isolation and to identify pheromones for use in the development of lures for monitoring cerambycids. Over 3 yr, we tested 12 compounds known to be cerambycid pheromones as possible attractants at sites across Idaho. This study focused on species within the cerambycine genus Phymatodes (Tribe: Callidiini). We also collected and analyzed headspace volatiles of captured Phymatodes dimidiatus (Kirby). Our results demonstrate that (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol is a male-produced volatile pheromone for P. dimidiatus. These results are consistent with prior research suggesting that (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol and (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, individually or in a blend of both compounds, commonly serve as pheromones for Phymatodes spp. We captured Phymatodes starting in mid-May, continuing through mid-August. Our data indicate that flight periods of Phymatodes spp. in Idaho overlap. These species may be utilizing various mechanisms to ensure reproductive isolation, such as the production of different volatile pheromones, minor components, and/or proportions of components, utilizing different host species and/or host volatiles, differing daily activity periods, and/or occupying different heights in the tree canopy. Our results contribute to the basic understanding of the chemical and behavioral ecology of the Cerambycidae and can be applied to the development of pheromone lures for monitoring of economically important or endangered species.