bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galaxy Cluster Mass Estimates in the Presence of Substructure
Authors: Tucker Evan , Walker Matthew G. , Mateo Mario , Olszewski Edward W. , Geringer-Sameth Alex , Miller Christopher J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We develop and implement a model to analyze the internal kinematics of galaxy clusters that may contain subpopulations of galaxies that do not independently trace the cluster potential. The model allows for substructures within the cluster environment and disentangles cluster members from contaminating foreground and background galaxies. We estimate the cluster velocity dispersion and/or mass while marginalizing over uncertainties in all of the above complexities. Using mock observations from the MultiDark simulation, we compare the true substructures from the simulation with the substructures identified by our model, showing that 50% of the identified substructures have at least 79% of its members are also members of the same true substructure, which is on par with other substructure identification algorithms. Furthermore, we show a ∼35% decrease in scatter in the inferred velocity dispersion versus true cluster mass relationship when comparing a model that allows three substructures to a model that assumes no substructure. In a first application to our published data for A267, we identify up to four distinct galaxy subpopulations. We use these results to explore the sensitivity of inferred cluster properties to the treatment of substructure. Compared to a model that assumes no substructure, our substructure model reduces the dynamical mass of A267 by ∼22% and shifts the cluster mean velocity by ∼100 km s−1, approximately doubling the offset with respect to the velocity of A267's brightest cluster galaxy. Embedding the spherical Jeans equation within this framework, we infer for A267 a halo mass M
200 = (7.0 ± 1.3) × 1014
M
⊙
h
−1 and concentration

, consistent with the mass–concentration relation found in cosmological simulations.
The functional composition of the neophytic flora changes in response to environmental conditions along a rural-urban gradient
Authors: Wolf Janis , Haase Dagmar , Kühn Ingolf 
Published: January 2020

Compared to rural environments, cities are known to be extraordinarily rich in plant species. In particular, the proportion of alien plant species is higher in urban areas. This is attributed to specific urban conditions, which provide a large variety of habitats due to high geological heterogeneity. It can also be attributed to the role of cities as centres for plant introductions and the consequential increased propagule pressure. Neophytes, alien plant species introduced after the discovery of the Americas, appear to contribute especially strongly to the increased proportion of alien plants in cities. To investigate whether the plant traits of neophytes can be explained by environmental variables, we modelled the composition of their pollination types and growth forms as well as their diaspore weight and the onset of flowering in response to a selection of climatic, geological, land cover and traffic network variables with data from Germany. To test for a specific urban effect, we included their interactions with the area of urban land use.In general, we found that climatic variables were the most important predictors for all traits. However, when considering interactions with urbanisation, non-climatic variables, which often were not significant as the main effect, remained in the final models. This points to an existing ‘urban effect’. However, it is much smaller compared to the purely climatic effects. We conclude that interferences and alterations mainly related to urbanisation and human activity in general are responsible for the different ecological processes found in cities compared to rural areas. In addition, we argue that considering functional traits is an appropriate way to identify the ecological mechanisms related to urbanisation.
Interleukin 17A and IL-17F Expression and Functional Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Peripheral Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Chen Sijia , Blijdorp Iris C. , van Mens Leonieke J.J. , Bowcutt Rowann , Latuhihin Talia E. , van de Sande Marleen G.H. , Shaw Stevan , Yeremenko Nataliya G. , Baeten Dominique L.P. 
Published: January 2020

Objective.Targeting the interleukin 17 (IL-17) axis is efficacious in psoriasis and spondyloarthritis (SpA), but not in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated potential differences in tissue expression and function of IL-17A and IL-17F in these conditions.Methods.mRNA expression of cytokines and their receptors was assessed by quantitative PCR in psoriasis skin samples, in SpA and RA synovial tissue (ST) samples and in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Cytokines were measured in synovial fluid (SF) and FLS supernatants by ELISA. FLS were stimulated with IL-17A or IL-17F cytokines supplemented with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or with pooled SF from patients with SpA or RA.Results.Levels of IL-17A (P = 0.031) and IL-17F (P = 0.017) mRNA were lower in psoriatic arthritis ST compared to paired psoriasis skin samples. The level of IL-17A mRNA was 2.7-fold lower than that of IL-17F in skin (P = 0.0078), but 17.3-fold higher in ST (P < 0.0001). In SF, the level of IL-17A protein was 37.4-fold higher than that of IL-17F [median 292.4 (IQR 81.4–464.2) vs median 7.8 (IQR 7.7–8.7) pg/mL; P < 0.0001]. IL-17A and IL-17F mRNA and protein levels did not differ in SpA compared to RA synovitis samples, and neither were the IL-17 receptors IL-17RA and IL-17RC, or the TNF receptors TNFR1 and TNR2, differentially expressed between SpA and RA ST, nor between SpA and RA FLS. SpA and RA FLS produced similar amounts of IL-6 and IL-8 protein upon stimulation with IL-17A or IL-17F cytokines, supplemented with 1 ng/ml TNF. Pooled SpA or RA SF samples similarly enhanced the inflammatory response to IL-17A and IL-17F simulation in FLS.Conclusion.The IL-17A/IL-17F expression ratio is higher in SpA synovitis compared to psoriasis skin. Expression of IL-17A and IL-17F, and the functional response to these cytokines, appear to be similar in SpA and RA synovitis.
Des femmes en lutte
Authors: Bernheim Cathy , Kandel Liliane , Sugier Annie , Zelensky Anne 
Published: January 2020

Nous sommes en 1975. Une année que l’ONU a décrétée « Année de LA Femme ». Initiative aussitôt accueillie par le slogan moqueur des féministes : « Menu ONU : — 1974 : Faim – 1975 : Femme – 1976 : Fromage ou Dessert ». Dans le n° 61 de la Revue L’Arc dirigé par Catherine Clément portant le titre « Simone de Beauvoir et la lutte des femmes » paraît un entretien éponyme. Première trace de l’influence du féminisme renaissant (le MLF a tout juste cinq ans d’existence publique), LA Femme a disparu de l’intitulé de l’article. Autre conséquence, et non des moindres, le dispositif adopté. En effet, contrairement à l’usage, c’est Simone de Beauvoir qui pose les questions. Ici à quatre jeunes femmes dont elle a partagé les combats les années précédentes : luttes pour l’avortement libre, pour la reconnaissance des droits des femmes, contre le viol, contre le sexisme avec la création de la rubrique du « Sexisme ordinaire » dans Les Temps Modernes …
Les déclarations d’urgence climatique
Authors: Jouayed Célia , Guittard Juliette 
Published: January 2020

Les déclarations d’urgence climatique se multiplient à l’initiative des autorités publiques à tous les échelons de pouvoir et dans de nombreux pays du Nord et du Sud, mais aussi à l’initiative de citoyens. Des ONG réclament auprès de leur gouvernement – notamment celui français – des prises de position semblables. Quelles sont donc les implications juridiques et politiques de telles déclarations ? Sont-elles comparables avec le régime juridique de l’état d’urgence ? Quels avantages et limites présentent-elles ?
Des espaces
Authors: Godart Patrick 
Published: January 2020

La numérisation, la robotique et l’intelligence artificielle sont en train de modifier considérablement les relations humaines et, au-delà de ces dernières, la notion d’espace. Celui-ci est contrainte et ressource ; il génère ainsi un potentiel de créativité pour en définir les limites. L’armée va pouvoir se saisir de cette opportunité créatrice et proposer les nouveaux codes sociaux dans les espaces immatériels de demain, notamment car la socio-psychologie, comme méthode d’analyse, va permettre de réactualiser les rapports d’autorité, d’obéissance et de soumission dans les espaces virtuels et leurs intrications avec le réel tangible de tout conflit armé ou de toute activité opérationnelle.
La ville, un milieu indomptable ?
Authors: Luisetti Laurent 
Published: January 2020

Lieu de vie, creuset du pouvoir, organisateur des flux de toutes natures, puissance symbolique, l’espace urbain est un théâtre d’opération qui doit être approché comme un écosystème singulier, dans lequel le combattant doit posséder des savoir-faire adaptés pour comprendre les interactions entre ses différentes dimensions. Est-il finalement indomptable ?
Reconstruire : l’histoire des sciences dans l’œuvre philosophique de Georges Canguilhem
Authors: Braunstein Jean-François 
Published: January 2020

Les lectures de Canguilhem comme philosophe appartenant à une tradition néo-kantienne, comme métaphysicien, philosophe « vitaliste », ou « philosophe du concept » proche du structuralisme et du marxisme ont un intérêt, mais montrent aussi des limites. Aborder sa production à partir de son constant intérêt pour l’histoire des sciences peut aider à en restituer l’unité : l’histoire des sciences est certes l’objet de recherche principal de Canguilhem, mais elle est traitée de manière philosophique et a des objectifs éthiques et politiques.
Cyclamen mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) monitoring in eastern Canada strawberry (Rosaceae) fields and its potential control by the predatory miteNeoseiulus cucumeris(Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Patenaude Stéphanie , Tellier Stéphanie , Fournier Valérie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe cyclamen mite (Phytonemus pallidusBanks; Acari: Tarsonemidae) has recently become a more important pest in Canadian strawberry (Fragaria×ananassaDuchesne ex Rozier; Rosaceae) production with the withdrawal of the pesticide endosulfan in 2016, yet its phenology under field conditions in Canada is poorly known. Moreover, while its biological control with predatory mites has shown potential, the effectiveness of this method has never been investigated under eastern Canadian field conditions. The objectives of this study were to (1) monitor populations ofP. pallidusin strawberries for two consecutive years; and (2) evaluate the in-field potential of the predatory miteNeoseiulus cucumerisOudemans (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Monitoring cyclamen mite populations in the field revealed new critical knowledge about its phenology in eastern Canada, such as activity until late November. The predatorN. cucumeriswas able to effectively suppress cyclamen mites the first year, but appeared to be too cold-sensitive to maintain adequate control towards the end of the season. Furthermore, the high rates of predator release required would most likely be cost prohibitive for commercial use. Control of the cyclamen mite in strawberries remains a complex issue that will require further research.
Characterization of recovery onset by subgrain and grain boundary migration in experimentally deformed polycrystalline olivine
Authors: Nzogang Billy Clitton , Thieme Manuel , Mussi Alexandre , Demouchy Sylvie , Cordier Patrick 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. To apprehend plate tectonics and the dynamics of the
lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary, composed principally of olivine, we
need to understand the mechanisms that control plastic deformation of
olivine in the relevant temperature domain. After more than 50 years of
laboratory studies and investigations on natural rocks, the interplay of
several key parameters (e.g. temperature, pressure, vacancy concentration,
dislocation densities, grain size, strain rate) controlling polycrystalline
olivine plasticity remains difficult to assess. Here, we study four olivine
polycrystals, which have been deformed in axial compression under a
confining pressure of 300 MPa, at 1273 or 1473 K. Despite significant
differences in mechanical properties (stress–strain curves), previous
characterization by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) did not reveal significant differences in dislocation microstructures
which could explain these contrasted behaviours. We have undertaken
automatic crystallographic orientation mapping (ACOM) analyses in TEM to
increase the spatial resolution of characterization compared to previously
obtained electron backscatter diffraction maps to further decipher the
microstructures at nanoscale. With this novel technique applied to olivine,
a noticeable difference in the onset of microstructural recovery has been
identified between specimens deformed at 1273 and 1473 K. The
microstructures of the olivine polycrystals deformed at 1473 K exhibit
numerous curved grain and subgrain boundaries, advocating for recovery by
boundary migration. In contrast, the microstructures of the olivine
polycrystals deformed at 1273 K have significantly fewer subgrain
boundaries and show more straight boundaries (i.e. closer to an equilibrium
microstructure) than in the specimen deformed at 1473 K. Characterization by
ACOM-TEM has permitted the identification of the onset of recovery, which is led by
boundary migration even for very low macroscopic finite strains.
Estimation of subsurface porosities and thermal conductivities of polygonal tundra by coupled inversion of electrical resistivity, temperature, and moisture content data
Authors: Jafarov Elchin E. , Harp Dylan R. , Coon Ethan T. , Dafflon Baptiste , Tran Anh Phuong , Atchley Adam L. , Lin Youzuo , Wilson Cathy J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Studies indicate greenhouse gas emissions following permafrost thaw will
amplify current rates of atmospheric warming, a process referred to as the
permafrost carbon feedback. However, large uncertainties exist regarding the
timing and magnitude of the permafrost carbon feedback, in part due to
uncertainties associated with subsurface permafrost parameterization and
structure. Development of robust parameter estimation methods for
permafrost-rich soils is becoming urgent under accelerated warming of the
Arctic. Improved parameterization of the subsurface properties in land
system models would lead to improved predictions and a reduction of modeling
uncertainty. In this work we set the groundwork for future parameter
estimation (PE) studies by developing and evaluating a joint PE algorithm
that estimates soil porosities and thermal conductivities from time series
of soil temperature and moisture measurements and discrete in-time
electrical resistivity measurements. The algorithm utilizes the Model-Independent Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis toolbox and
coupled hydrological–thermal–geophysical modeling. We test the PE algorithm against
synthetic data, providing a proof of concept for the approach. We use
specified subsurface porosities and thermal conductivities and coupled
models to set up a synthetic state, perturb the parameters, and then verify that our PE method is able to recover the parameters and synthetic state. To
evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the approach we perform multiple
tests for a perturbed set of initial starting parameter combinations. In
addition, we varied types and quantities of data to better understand the
optimal dataset needed to improve the PE method. The results of the PE tests
suggest that using multiple types of data improve the overall robustness of
the method. Our numerical experiments indicate that special care needs to be
taken during the field experiment setup so that (1) the vertical distance
between adjacent measurement sensors allows the signal variability in space
to be resolved and (2) the longer time interval between resistivity snapshots
allows signal variability in time to be resolved.
LA PRÁCTICA PRE-PROFESIONAL EN LA FORMACIÓN DOCENTE INICIAL DESDE LAS POLÍTICAS DOCENTES EN PERÚ
Authors: Villavicencio Lileya Manrique 
Published: January 2020

En esta década, la formación docente en el Perú está atravesando cambios marcados por las políticas docentes, que apuestan por el ejercicio de una docencia en base a estándares vinculados a la Carrera Pública Magisterial. En este artículo, se ofrece un panorama de las políticas que regulan la formación de los futuros docentes para centrar su foco en la Práctica pre-profesional de los docentes que se forman en los Institutos de Educación Superior Pedagógica. Las prácticas intensivas se analizan desde su complejidad epistemológica y organizacional, en tanto espacio de aprendizaje, proceso complejo y singular, así como área del currículo que desarrolla competencias profesionales. Se finaliza con desafíos que permitan abrir el diálogo entre los agentes responsables de la formación docente en nuestro país.
Morphological and physiological responses and some WRKY genes expression in cherry rootstocks under salt stress
Authors: Aras Servet , Eşitken Ahmet , Karakurt Yaşar 
Published: January 2020

Aim of study: To determine morphological, physiological and molecular responses of cherry rootstocks under salt stress condition.Area of study: Konya, Turkey.Material and methods: A pot trial was conducted to assess moderate salt stress (35 mM NaCl) effects on cherry rootstocks (CAB-6P, MaxMa 14 and Mazzard). We have evaluated many morphological and physiological parameters and analyzed WRKY genes (WRKY25, WRKY33 and WRKY38) under salinity conditions.Main results: All rootstocks survived with slight leaf burn under salinity conditions and the plant growth and physiological parameters, except membrane permeability, decreased in all rootstocks. The membrane permeability increased with salinity and the lowest increment in the membrane permeability (12.17%) was in MaxMa 14, while CAB-6P and Mazzard showed higher levels of increases reaching 46.81 and 56.42%, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of WRKY25, WRKY33 and WRKY38 genes was significantly increased by salinity. The rankings of the WRKY genes expression levels among control rootstocks were: MaxMa 14 < CAB-6P < Mazzard.Research highlights: CAB-6P, MaxMa 14 and Mazzard rootstocks were found relative salt-tolerant at the moderate salinity levels and there is a cross-talk between physiological and molecular responses. Mazzard had higher tolerance to salinity shown in molecular responses. The study possesses importance for plant physiologists and cherry growers as it showed how cherry rootstocks respond to salt stress.
Long-Term Testing of WC–Ni–Fe Coating as an Inert Anode in a Low-Temperature Electrolyte for Aluminum Production
Authors: LIU Chuhua , WANG Yudong , YANG Bin , DAI Yongnian 
Published: January 2020

The behaviour of WC-Ni-Fe coating on 2Cr13 and X3CrNiMo18-12-3 stainless steel substrates was investigated in the context of their application as inert anode materials in a low-temperature (850 °C) electrolyte (50 wt.% AlF3-45 wt.% KF-5 wt.% Al2O3) by long-term testing around 50 h for aluminum production. The results show that the materials were corroded in a controlled manner and the extrapolated corrosion rates of WC–Ni–Fe/X3CrNiMo18-12-3 anode was 5.8 cm per year, which is acceptable from an industrial perspective. The total contamination level of anode constituents in the deposited metal was as low as 0.283 wt.%. These encouraging results seemed to be related in part to the X3CrNiMo18-12-3 substrate that allows only very slow penetration of oxygen atoms into the inner part. Post-electrolysis examination of the anodes indicates that the substrate material is one of the most important factors that determine the erosion resistance of coating inert anode. The results of electrolysis using 2Cr13 and X3CrNiMo18-12-3 substrates indicate that the electrical current is another important factor for the erosion resistance of inert anode coatings.
Analysis of Transport Properties of the Randomly Moving Electrons in Metals
Authors: PALENSKIS Villius , ŽITKEVIČIUS Evaras 
Published: January 2020

In this critical analysis on the base of randomly moving (RM) electrons, presented the resistivity dependence on temperature for elemental metals both above and below the Debye’s temperatures. There also are presented the general relationships for estimation of the average diffusion coefficient, the average velocity, mean free path and average relaxation time of RM electrons on the Fermi surface at mentioned temperature range. It is shown that the scattering of RM electrons mainly is due to electronic defects associated with distortion of the periodic potential distribution in the periodic lattice, and accounting the exchange of the thermal energies between phonon and RM electron. The calculation results of resistivity dependence on temperature in the temperature range from 1 K to 900 K are demonstrated for Au and W and compared with the experimental data. There also is presented the simple method for determination of the basic kinetic characteristic dependences on temperature only from the resistivity dependence on temperature. It is at first time determined for Au and W the temperature dependences of the mean free path, average diffusion coefficient, average relaxation time of RM electrons from 1 K to 900 K.
Genetic architecture study of rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Jia Jun , Li Junyi , Yao Xueming , Zhang YuHang , Yang Xiaohao , Wang Ping , Xia Qianghua , Hakonarson Hakon , Li Jin 
Published: January 2020

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis are two types of autoimmune diseases with inflammation at the joints, occurring to adults and children respectively. There are phenotypic overlaps between these two types of diseases, despite the age difference in patient groups.

Methods
To systematically compare the genetic architecture of them, we conducted analyses at gene and pathway levels and constructed protein-protein-interaction network based on summary statistics of genome-wide association studies of these two diseases. We examined their difference and similarity at each level.

Results
We observed extensive overlap in significant SNPs and genes at the human leukocyte antigen region. In addition, several SNPs in other regions of the human genome were also significantly associated with both diseases. We found significantly associated genes enriched in 32 pathways shared by both diseases. Excluding genes in the human leukocyte antigen region, significant enrichment is present for pathways like interleukin-27 pathway and NO2-dependent interleukin-12 pathway in natural killer cells.

Discussion
The identification of commonly associated genes and pathways may help in finding population at risk for both diseases, as well as shed light on repositioning and designing drugs for both diseases.