bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma PIK3CA Mutation Testing in Advanced Breast Cancer Patients for Personalized Medicine: A Value Proposition
Authors: Ferreira-Gonzalez Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Even though endocrine therapy is often initially successful in treating advanced breast cancer, most patients inevitably face disease progression. In advanced hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer, activation of the PI3K downstream pathway is a critical feature of the mechanism of endocrine resistance. A significant recent advance in treating HR+ advanced breast cancer has been the recent introduction of PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki) for the treatment of patients with HR+, HER2-negative (HER2−) advanced or metastatic breast cancer that harbors PIK3CA mutations. A value proposition concept was applied to assess the potential benefits of cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing to identify patients who might respond to PI3Ki treatment.

Content
By applying the framework of the value proposition to &gt;35 publications, in addition to recommendations from professional organizations, it was evident that robust clinical evidence exists to support the role of ctDNA PIK3CA mutation evaluation in identifying patients with advanced breast cancer who could benefit from PI3Ki treatment.

Summary
Detection of PIK3CA gene mutations in HR+HER2− advanced breast cancer patients allows for the identification of patients who might benefit from more effective personalized treatment with molecularly targeted drugs.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Italian Pediatric Oncology Patients: A Study From the Infectious Diseases Working Group of the Associazione Italiana di Oncologia e Ematologia Pediatrica
Authors: Bisogno Gianni , Provenzi Massimo , Zama Daniele , Tondo Annalisa , Meazza Cristina , Colombini Antonella , Galaverna Federica , Compagno Francesca , Carraro Francesca , De Santis Raffaela , Meneghello Linda , Baretta Valentina , Cesaro Simone 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Little is known as yet about the outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children being treated for cancer.

Methods
We collected information on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of 29 children (16 female and 13 male; median age, 7 years [range, 0–16 years]) diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection while on chemotherapy/immunotherapy (n = 26), or after stem cell transplantation (n = 3) during the peak of the epidemic in Italy. These patients suffered from leukemia (n = 16), lymphoma (n = 3), solid tumors (n = 10), and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (n = 1).

Results
The course of the disease was mild in all cases, with only 12 children developing symptoms (pneumonia in 3 cases), and none needing intensive care. Fifteen patients were hospitalized, including 7 asymptomatic patients. Nine patients (including 5 with no symptoms) were given hydroxychloroquine, and 3 of them were also given lopinavir/ritonavir. Among the 26 patients on chemotherapy/immunotherapy, the treatment was suspended in 16 cases for a median of 26 days (range, 15–68 days), whereas 8 patients continued their chemotherapy and 2 had minor modifications to their treatment regimen.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to take a milder clinical course in children than in adults with cancer. Specific SARS-CoV-2 treatment seems unnecessary for most children. In light of our findings, and albeit with the necessary caution, we suggest avoiding major changes to planned anticancer treatments in pediatric patients acquiring COVID-19.
Repressed Religious Modernity: Zhu Weizhi and the Rise of the Bible as Literature in Modern China, 1925–35
Authors: Wang Zhixi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article examines the origin and early development of the Bible as literature in China in the second and third decades of the 20th century, as represented by the works of the single most influential literary critic in this regard, Zhu Weizhi. It argues that the rise of the Bible as literature in China since its inception is best understood as a repressed religious modernity among the multiple forms of Chinese literary modernity. The case study of Zhu Weizhi in the first decade of his literary-critical life (1925–35) may enrich our understanding of both the globalisation of the literary readings of the Bible in the 20th century and the complex, underrepresented, entanglements of religion and literature in modern China.
The implications of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 for at-risk populations
Authors: DeLuccia Rosemary , Clegg Deborah , Sukumar Deeptha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to &gt; 10 000 000 individuals in a short time. With no pharmacological agents successfully implemented to control the outbreak, the use of less invasive nonpharmacological agents, such as vitamin D, are increasingly being studied. This purpose of this article is to determine the current knowledge about the risk of COVID-19 development for populations at risk for vitamin D deficiency, including individuals living with overweight and obesity, those of older age, and racial or ethnic minorities. Despite the documented impact of vitamin D on viral disease prevention, many subgroups at risk for contracting COVID-19 are also known to have increased rates of vitamin D deficiency. Because vitamin D is most commonly obtained from sunlight, when interpreted alongside the stay-at-home orders, the importance of identifying safe approaches to obtain sufficient vitamin D is apparent. Furthermore, elucidating the cause-and-effect relationship between vitamin D and COVID-19, including optimal dosing for COVID-19 outcomes, is also warranted for immediate investigation.
Body Image and Eating Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Morrison Todd G. , Katz Joshua W. , Mirzaei Yaser , Zare Somayyeh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter reviews current literature pertaining to body image and pathogenic eating practices among sexual and gender minority populations. The authors begin by detailing three dominant theoretical frameworks that have been used to particularize why some sexual and gender minority persons are at risk of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating—the minority stress model, sociocultural theory, and objectification theory—as well as the pantheoretical model of dehumanization. Then, to highlight dominant trends in the literature, the authors summarize narrative and meta-analytic reviews on body image and eating disorders that target gay men, lesbian women, bisexual persons, and trans persons. The authors conclude by detailing obstacles that prevent researchers from better grasping the corporeal psychology of sexual and gender minority persons. These obstacles include (1) inconsistent and ambiguous operationalizing of constructs such as the “gay community”—constructs that are often invoked to explain why sexual and gender minority persons are at risk; (2) reliance on outdated measures of sexual orientation; (3) the elision of bisexual persons in body image scholarship; (4) the limited attention that is paid to the variability existing within sexual and gender minoritized groups; (5) the absence of research focusing on the dynamics of intersectionality as they pertain to the body; and (6) the lack of studies conducted outside of the United States.
Transformative Career Education in Schools and Colleges
Authors: Barnes Anthony 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter makes the case for transformative career education in schools and colleges by drawing on the links that can be made between career development theory and transformative learning theory. Transformative career education has the power to make profound and lasting differences to young people’s lives. It is not well researched, although there is considerable evidence that career education can have small to moderate impacts often for modest inputs. The scope and value of career education in the curriculum are often contested. This chapter explores the potential to achieve radical and progressive outcomes from more ambitious programmes of career education. It explores the potential benefits for individuals, the economy, and society in relation to how people live, learn, and work in rapidly changing and unpredictable times. It discusses how career education can be embedded in the curriculum and explores the supporting structures, systems, and technologies that schools and colleges can harness to facilitate transformative career education. Last, the chapter describes effective pedagogical approaches to teaching, learning, and assessment that can assist learners in transforming their self-understanding, their relation to others, their potential to act, and their worldview.
Humanism and the Conceptualization of Value and Well-Being
Authors: Butler Philip 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between humanism and well-being through the lens of value. Several conceptions of well-being will be explored. The first is Peter Derkx’s description of what constitutes a meaningful life. The second is Anthony Pinn’s notion of presence, absence, and the quest for complex subjectivity. The chapter provides critique of both proposals before moving to examine Yasmin Trejo’s exploration of Latina nones who struggle for value, through recognition, in Latin American communities. The chapter also connects Monica Miller’s presentation of Black youth and Jay-Z, as outlaw humanists, to well-being by constructing one’s self-worth. Through an examination of an often overlooked or underexplored demographic along with groups who have historically experienced dehumanization, the chapter lifts up the desire to be recognized as a necessary factor in well-being. And the ability to construct one’s own sense of meaning as a humanist practice is an essential element for increasing well-being. Ultimately, this chapter asserts that value, whether given, unearthed, or constructed, is the foundation of humanist well-being.
Violent Victimization in Poor Neighborhoods of Bogotá, Lima, and Santiago
Authors: Manzano Liliana , Mohor Alejandra , Jiménez Williams 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter tests the collective efficacy theory by examining the influence of household and neighborhood vulnerability, as well as organizational and community mechanisms, on the victimization risk for violent crime in poor neighborhoods of Bogotá (Colombia), Lima (Peru), and Santiago (Chile.) To test the theory, the authors apply a random “Survey on Violence in Neighborhoods” in each of the cities. They confirmed that structural factors such as social vulnerability increase the risk of violent victimization, whereas neighborhood attachment and social cohesion are mediating factors that are key to decreasing said risks. However, the influence of neighborhood residential stability and informal social control has not been verified, and, hence, the collective efficacy theory cannot be confirmed for the neighborhoods included in this study.
In Pursuit of Policies of ‘Reconciliation’ from an Intransigent State: An Exercise in Folly?
Authors: Eppel Shari 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Zimbabwe has had only one real transition of power, at independence in 1980. Since then, Zimbabwe has had a long history of (selectively) drawing lines through the past and of extreme political intolerance. The ruling party ZANU-PF has acted ruthlessly against any political opposition—first in the 1980s, when many thousands of civilians in the west of the country were massacred during the deployment of a special brigade, targeted at the support base of ZAPU, then the dominant political party in that region. Systematic repression and torture in this region led to the first semi-transition in 1987, with the Unity Accord. The uneasy peace was broken again in 2000, with the rise of the MDC, and once more violence was unleashed to ensure ZANU-PF retained its increasingly militarized power base. A government of national unity and a coup marked further semi-transitions. These multiple eras of state violence and semi-transitions have all been accompanied by calls for initiatives to promote ‘peace’ and ‘reconciliation’ as well as justice but official truth telling has proved elusive. However, the semi-transition resulting from the coup of November 2017 may have shifted the space to talk about the past: the constitutionally mandated National Peace and Reconciliation Commission finally achieved legislative backing in 2018, and may offer opportunities for transitional justice initiatives. Importantly, the underlying structural causes of violence and repression, dating back to colonial times, need to be addressed. Truth telling alone will not ensure a more tolerant future.
Remaking Political Studenthood: Zimbabwean Student Activism during the 2000s ‘Crisis’
Authors: Hodgkinson Dan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
During the post-2000 ‘crisis’ in Zimbabwe, student activists were some of the most vocal critics of Robert Mugabe’s regime and a key constituency in the coalition of partners surrounding the opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). Yet what it meant to be a student activist changed significantly during these years. These changes are best understood, this article argues, through the concept of ‘political studenthood’, a historically constituted and widely recognized transitional subjectivity that helped shape student activists’ collective behaviours and individual aspirations, and which provided routes into mainstream politics. The dominant form of political studenthood in Zimbabwe was reworked during the crisis, as material hardship and political polarization pushed activists into ever more dependent relationships with the MDC. These dependencies undermined student leaders’ historically radical and autonomous political authority, and caused resentment among many student activists, leading to ruptures in civic organizations and the splitting of the student union. Rank-and-file activists, who suffered expulsion from university and state oppression, also came to depend on the party to continue their activism. Their dependence eroded the intellectual status and radical protest traditions of their political studenthood, rendering them akin to MDC party youth—expendable instruments of MDC leaders.
The Politics of Civil Society in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chipato Farai , Ncube Cornelias , Dorman Sara Rich 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The late 1990s was a key moment when Zimbabwe’s civil society actors actively shaped political discourse, but also a time in which their roles were challenged and their networks came under attack. As the 2000s progressed, they were further challenged by brain drain, the difficulties of power-sharing, an increasingly factionalized political environment, and changing donor demands. NGOs, unions, churches, and other groups in Zimbabwe formed an essential part of the political contestations of these turbulent years. Drawing on research by the authors across three decades, this chapter explores how Zimbabwe’s civil society organizations legitimize, resist, and attempt to transform hegemonic norms.
Ethics of Care Approaches in Psychotherapy
Authors: Elsner Anna Magdalena , Rampton Vanessa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ethics of care poses a special case for psychotherapy. At first glance, key elements of care ethics such as acknowledging our dependence on others, attention to emotions, and creating a supportive environment for healing overlap substantially with key characteristics of psychotherapy. Care ethics’ emphasis on attentiveness and empathetic concern, and related acts such as listening and talking to patients point in the direction of salutary therapeutic relationships, and also of valorizing psychotherapy as a practice. Yet psychotherapy has a long history of critical engagement with the therapeutic relationship, using terms and concepts other than “care.” This chapter shows that while relatively little work has been done on care ethics approaches in psychotherapy, such approaches complement traditional attentiveness to the (psycho)therapeutic relationship by asking to what extent psychotherapists are practicing care and what this entails. Conversely, because psychotherapy has long been concerned with intersubjectivity, as exemplified by the concepts of transference and countertransference, it offers valuable theoretical and practical resources for care ethics approaches.
Ethics of Psychotherapeutic Interventions in Palliative Care
Authors: Bernard Mathieu , Krenz Sonia , Jox Ralf J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Psychotherapeutic interventions are a cornerstone of modern palliative care. In this context, they are as diverse as psychotherapeutic approaches in general and encompass modalities from the psychoanalytic, cognitive behavioral, systemic, and existential traditions. All of these psychotherapies are based on inherent and often implicit values and are closely interrelated with philosophical traditions. In psychological practice in palliative care, professionals encounter a wide range of ethical questions that can be classified according to the four principles of biomedical ethics: beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice. This chapter highlights some of the most salient of these ethical questions to help the reader become aware and reflect on them.
Professional Conduct and Handling Misconduct in Psychotherapy: Ethical Practice between Boundaries, Relationships, and Reality
Authors: Franke Irina , Riecher-Rössler Anita 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The special nature of the professional relationship in psychotherapy requires a code of conduct that protects the patient, but also allows therapeutic flexibility. However, the limits of professional conduct are transgressed when a psychotherapist goes beyond his or her professional boundaries to satisfy his or her own needs. The implications of misconduct are considered to be particularly severe in psychotherapy. Misconduct has various faces and facets. Sexual misconduct is the most drastic form of boundary violation; however, this should not detract attention from other forms of misconduct, especially because they often precede the more severe boundary violations. Any form of misconduct is profoundly connected with the person of the therapist. Nevertheless, research often addresses the question of what professional misconduct is, rather than how ethical professional conduct can be facilitated. This chapter aims to give an overview of the current literature to (1) define professional conduct and outline ethical reasoning, (2) describe different forms of misconduct, (3) discuss options for prevention and intervention, and (4) discuss options for improving training of future psychotherapists.
The Early Origin of Religion
Authors: Kardong Kenneth V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Natural selection works to cull features from a population, if those features are negative and return no biological advantages, Yet religion pervades. Human culture so reasonably plays a positive, supportive role in biological survival; looking to primitive religions to discover these biological roles of religion has the advantage of viewing religion at its most fundamental, before becoming embellished and encrusted with secondary social roles. Successful traditions and cultural customs persist because they improve the survival of individuals practicing them. Celestial punishments may await the mortal sinner, but in this world, biological sins matter most because they can send an individual to an early grave without passing along genes or adaptive customs to offspring. Religion functions as a survival kit; in its beliefs, ceremonies, and myths are bundled basic knowledge that directs one to meet the challenges posed by the environment.
Marxist Archaeologies
Authors: Iacono Francesco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMarxist archaeologies have represented one of the most important theoretical developments of archaeology. The approaches that go under this label can be extremely diverse, but often maintain the use of and/or the engagement with some basic ideas derived from the thought of Marx, Engels, and subsequent thinkers of the Marxist tradition. These concepts can be identified, for instance, in the notions of means, relations, and mode of production as well as in that of class. Contrarily to many other strands of archaeological theory, however, Marxism is not only a philosophy but has had an active role in recent global history, being related to both emancipatory struggles and dictatorial regimes worldwide. Because of this, the development of Marxist archaeologies (variously declined) will be discussed also in their historical development through the twentieth century and beyond, until the present day.
Social Organization and Change
Authors: Kadrow Sławomir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFirst, this chapter considers the meaning of ‘society’ in sociology, and how it relates to the concept of culture. It then proposes an interpretation of social organization and change based on theories taken from the social sciences. The main aim is to investigate these issues as they have been presented by different schools and currents within archaeology from the mid-19th century to present times. Evolutionist, culture-historical, Marxist, functionalist and processual archaeologies have based their ideas of social change on an organic metaphor of society, rooted deeply in the classic views of 19th-century social sciences. Post-processual archaeology has been the only one to adopt other concepts of society, drawn from various sociological theories, e.g. those of Bourdieu, Habermas, Giddens, or Sztompka.
Economy and exchange
Authors: Tripković Boban 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe economics of past societies has traditionally been one of the most important topics of scientific archaeology. On one hand, economic activities are related to fundamental human survival and have always been part of the daily routine of an individual or small family group. On the other, the study of past economies is inevitably associated with the broad historical context in which archaeology as a discipline originated and further developed. For that reason, this chapter combines theoretical perspectives that include a wide range of economies, from domestic to political, traditional to modern, gift economies to commodity economy. The chapter consists of four parts: it reviews the historical development of economic archaeology, relates economic development to social complexity, discusses the categories and classes of items that have been produced and used in different cultural contexts, and explores distribution, namely the trade and exchange activities in which goods become gifts and commodities.
Slaves and the Roman Economy
Authors: Temin Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents an economic view of Roman slavery and the modern literature about it. The chapter starts by defining slavery and distinguishing positive and negative incentives to work. Roman slavery was ‘open’, while United States slavery was ‘closed’. The related roles of manumission, education, and skills are discussed and evaluated. The chapter considers Roman slavery as part of the Roman labour force, and combines imprecise estimates by various ancient historians into a rough idea of the magnitude of Roman slavery. Finally, Roman slavery continued into the imperial decline. There are three overall lessons. First, economic analysis adds to our understanding of ancient slavery. Second, Roman slavery was nothing like United States slavery. Third, slaves were less than one-quarter of the Roman labour force in the Principate and less than that both earlier and later.