bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peat Soil for Synthetic Acid Mine Drainage Treatment: Characteristic Study
Authors: Halim M S M , Ibrahim A H , Tengku Izhar T N , Ismail Suhaina , Mohamed Jaafar Z F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is an untreated outflow of acidic water from metal or coal mines. Improper treatment of the harmful effluent causes major environmental concern and remains as an unsolved problem for mining operators worldwide. The untreated AMD contains high concentration of several heavy metals despite low pH level. Iron (Fe) is most dominant element of heavy metal spotted in the AMD water and must be filtered and treated before being released to open water bodies. Current practises by the industries adopted two categories of AMD treatment methods, namely active and passive treatments. Passive treatment method was adopted into this study by using successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS) to reduce Fe concentration in the AMD. Strict regulations by mine operators to acquire on-site AMD, led to use of synthetic AMD. Peat soil was introduced as organic substrate treatment media, as compared to common materials used such as mushroom spent, wood shaving and animal manure. In this research the peat soil was characterized and its effectiveness to filter the Fe content was assessed using laboratory scale studies. Prior to the test, the natural peat soil was analyzed via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis and carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulphur (CHNS) element analysis. After going through laboratory tests, the peat soil residues were assessed through SEM-EDX analysis to determine the trapped Fe content. The natural peat soil does not contain any Fe substance. However, the analyzed peat soil residues showed that, approximately one to four percent of the Fe were found in the peat soil residues. The use of the peat soil for the AMD treatment in SAPS method is applicable and can be used as alternative organic substrate for treatment media.
Experimental Approach for Chemical Oxygen Demand and Ammonia Nitrogen Removal from Natural Rubber Wastewater via Adsorption by Kaolin
Authors: Daud Zawawi , Santiagoo Ragunathan , Azan Tajarudin Husnul , Gomesh Nair , Awang Halizah , Nasir Nazlizan , Baharudin Ridzuan Mohd , Detho Amir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Natural rubber is an important material because of its high strength compared to synthetic rubber. However, the production process of natural rubber discharges a large amount of wastewater containing high concentrations of organic compounds and nitrogen. Therefore, discharging natural rubber processing wastewater without an appropriate treatment can lead to environmental problems such as deterioration of water quality and eutrophication. In this study, the batch adsorption experiment was carried out for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen from natural rubber wastewater using kaolin as adsorbent. The efficiency of the kaolin was studied by varying the parameters adsorbent dose, pH, shaking speed and contact time. The experimental equilibrium data for this system has been analyzed using the linearized forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. COD and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies were 71.6% and 75.8%, respectively. While, Langmuir isotherm was found to provide the best theoretical correlation of the experimental data.
Phytoremediation of Vegetable Leachate by Nymphaea Nouchali
Authors: Mokhtar H , Muhamad N S , Abdul Rahman N A , Ayob A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Leachate normally contains high concentration of pollutants and regulated under stringent discharge standards. Conventional treatments of leachate are no longer adequate to ensure compliance with the standard. Phytoremediation is a relatively new approach to treat leachate contaminated by organic and inorganic substances. Nymphaea Nouchali is an abundant and easy-growing free-floating aquatic plants found in the rice fields, reservoir and polluted ponds. Nymphaea and Nuphar are the most commonly found species in Malaysia. In the last few decades there has been an increasing interest in the study of phytoremediator plants which can serve as an alternative for leachate treatment. The main objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of organic removal from vegetable leachate (VL) using Nymphaea Nouchali. The results exhibited that after 7 days of phytoremediation, sample R0.5 shows excellent removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour and suspended solid (SS) to meet the allowable limit.
Efficiency of Natural Plant-Based Coagulants for Water Treatment
Authors: Aina Nadhillah Muhamad Nur , Fatihah Juhari Nurul , Noorazurah Mohamad Irma 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Natural plant-based coagulant is a natural based coagulant that can be used in coagulation process of water treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of plant-based materials as coagulants for surface water treatment. Two types of locally available plant-based materials were selected as natural coagulants in this study are soybean and banana peel. Their efficiency in removing turbidity and color from raw surface water were analysed. Findings from the present study showed that the coagulation efficiency using soybean and banana peel were comparable to conventional chemical coagulants. The treatment of surface water using soybean and banana peel coagulant were found to be the most effective at dosage of 120 mg/L. The turbidity removal efficiency for soybean and banana peel are 23.2% and 15% respectively. In present works, both plant-based coagulants were found to be a suitable coagulant for surface water on the basis of removal of turbidity and color, respectively.
Chemical and Fibre Properties by Lemon Grass in Chemical Pulping for Pulp Industry
Authors: Daud Zawawi , Azan Tajarudin Husnul , Gomesh Nair , Santiagoo Ragunathan , Awang Halizah , Zainuri Mohd Hatta Mohd , Arif Rosli Mohd , Detho Amir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Malaysia has a high rate of depleting forest activities than any other tropical countries in the world. This lead to an increasing of pollution and loss of forest trees include animal to our nature. Lemon grasses as a substitute material from non-wood material had been choose for pulp and papermaking industry. This study was going through the chemical composition analysis and fibre properties for lemon grass pulp. These conclude that lemon grass had a high percentage of cellulose; with a low lignin content; good fibre length by TAPPI method. Thus, lemon grass has a potential to be alternative material for becoming waste-wealth product especially for Malaysia’s pulp and papermaking industry.
Analysis of Chinese Patent Technology in Ship and Marine Engineering Equipment Industry
Authors: Jun Hu , Junmin Wu , Yongxiang Sheng , Jie Wu , Hegong Lei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on the current situation of China’s shipbuilding and marine engineering equipment industry, this paper divides the shipbuilding industry into three categories: general-purpose shipbuilding industry, special-purpose shipbuilding industry and marine engineering equipment industry. Patsnap patent search platform is used to analyze the patent trend, distribution of key technology branches and key applicants of the three types of shipbuilding industry in China. According to the analysis results, the corresponding policy strategies are put forward to provide reference for enterprises to accurately grasp the future direction of development and avoid patent risks.
Effects of asphalt modification by Nanosilica and Nanoclay on asphalt binder and hot mix asphalt properties
Authors: Oda Ahmed W. , El-Desouky Ahmed , Mahdy Hassan , Moussa Osama M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is widely used in asphalt paving in most of countries. The goal of this paper is to study the effect of adding nanomaterials on the properties of asphalt binder and HMA. An experimental program has been conducted to study how to evaluate the performance of the modified asphalt binder and the modified HMA. Nanosilica (NS) and Nanoclay (NC) were used as modifiers. NS and NC were added at 3%, 5% and 7% by bitumen weight. Tests were performed to evaluate enhancement occurred in Penetration, softening point (SP), rotational viscosity (RV). Marshall stability tests, loss of stability and indirect tensile strength were performed on modified asphalt mixtures. Results were compared with control mix. Results shows significant enhancement in most of properties of asphalt binder and HMA. Penetration decreased by 24.07% at 3% NC and 20.37% at 5% NS. 3% NC and 5% NS were chosen to be optimum nanomaterial content (ONMC). Modified bitumens by 3% NC and 5% NS were used to produce modified asphalt mixtures. The modified mixtures showed a significant enhancement in stability and indirect tensile strength (IDT), but they, in contrast, had a harmful effect on the loss of stability (LOS).
Simulation and Optimizationof aMetallic Ferry under MLC70Loading
Authors: Lotfy Mohamed N. , Khalifa Yasser A. , Dessouki Abdelrahim k. , Fathallah Elsayed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Floating ferries are used for both civilian and military purposes. This study concerned with a ferry composed of sixteen connected floating pontoons. This ferry is simulated and optimized to carry Military Load Capacity MLC70 (Tank load). Consequently to the increasing demand of evolution and cost optimization, the design optimization is performed in this paper to obtain the optimum minimum weight which minimizesboth the cost and the buoyancy factor. The simulation of the ferry is performed using the finite element program ANSYSsoftware. Furthermore, different grades of the structural steel, hybrid materials (steel stiffeners covered with aluminium plates) and aluminium alloy are incorporated in this study. Thesimulation is verified with both practical and mathematical results. The performance of the ferry is investigated. In addition to the design parameters, constraints and objective functions are determined. The optimum weight of the ferry is obtained, followed by a reduction in the buoyancy factor; accordinglythe capacity of the ferry can be increased. Comparison between the behaviour of the different ferries using different materials is operated considering stresses, deformations and weight. Conclusions and recommendations are then stated.
Multi-objective optimization of sandwich composite pressure hull for decreasing weight and drag force and increasing buckling load capacity
Authors: Helal Mahmoud , Fathallah Elsayed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In underwater applications, space vehicles, and aircrafts, the weight becomes an important factor. Additionally, the design of composites structures greatly depends on the number of layers and the fiber orientation angle. Therefore, this work presents the optimization of sandwich composite pressure hull in order to minimize (weight and drag force) and maximize the buckling load capacity using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). Tsai-Wu and maximum stress failure criteria were incorporated for predicting the first-ply failure. The major and minor radius of the pressure hull, the ring and long beams dimensions, the fiber orientation angle and layer thickness are taken as design variables. The results illustrated that, core thickness (Tcore
) has a great effect to resist the shell buckling. While, has a little effect on both Tsai-Wu and maximum stress failure index.
Optimization of the Panels Used in Free-Form Buildings and Its Impact on Building Cost
Authors: Elkabany Sara N. , Elkordy Ahmed M. , Sobh Hesham A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The described study presents the context of the process of optimization curved panels and the direct impact on reducing high cost, especially in this type of free-form buildings. The main motivation for this study is the avoidance of the traditional style of design where it needs to produce expensive designs because free shapes require a huge amount of specialization, the use of digital technology can overcome the problem of high cost through the production of optimized designs in addition to the ease of implementation of these forms which can be complicated in some cases as the number of freeform buildings that use building information modeling technology has increased recently. The importance of research is shown in guiding designers to optimize curved panels used in free formation during the early design stage so that design solutions can be correctly identified. This paper presents the results of analyzing the types of curved panels by comparing the cost before and after the optimization process, using algorithms for the selected materials (FRP, steel, and aluminum) that aim to reduce the value of curve coordinates while preserving the curve from deformation. In order to further devote attention to methodological frameworks to optimize curved panels besides cost control. the primary goal of the research is innovation at the initial design stage by designers through the use of algorithm-based assistance programs to optimize curved shapes that can produce contemporary project optimization curved panels are less expensive while maintaining the desired curved shape.
Optimization of Load-Bearing concrete Wall Using Genetic Algorithm To achieve Mechanically Integrated Behavior
Authors: Elkabany Sara N. , Elkordy Ahmed M. , Sobh Hesham A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes mechanical and growth characteristics of nature that inspire shapes to be applied to load-bearing walls. The problem is that this type of buildings needs a high cost due to its design without using optimization processes that have a big role in reducing cost while maintaining the required aesthetic shape. In this study, this is performed by analyzing the case studies of O-14 Building, Victoria Gate and The Broad Museum where the building materials used differ from case to case. A model was created through the SolidThinking Inspire program using the morphogenesis tool. The model design is based on the algorithm for topology optimization and will be compared in terms of structural and material performance with the selected case studies. Optimization results are found to be effective and designed with maximum stiffness in order to prevent deformation which is clearly reflected in the cost estimate in the initial design stages.
Deflection of Thin-Walled Panels Loaded in Shear with Different Types of End Stiffeners
Authors: Mousa E A , El-Boghdadi M H , Yossef N M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Numerical analysis for the load/deflection behavior of thin-web plate girders have been studied in this paper using a finite element program. An analytical approach presented in literature was discussed, and hence, it was used to calculate the load/deflection values in pre-bucking and post buckling stages. The validated finite element model is used to discuss the meaningful of the analytical approach. The effect of different parameters on load-deflection curves is proposed. Stiffener thickness (ts
), end post type (no end post (NEP), rigid end post (REP), and non-rigid end post (NREP)) and end distance (e) are the main parameters considered in this paper. The analytical approach estimates well the load/deflection behaviors of REP and NREP plate girders with (a/hw < 2.2). On the other hand, the analytical approach can’t estimate either for the shear strength or the deflection of NEP plate girders.
The Reflective Impact of Different Teaching Strategies in Teaching Architecture and Interior Design Practical Courses
Authors: Abdelalim Marwa , Aji Noura , Mahmoud Sherif A. , Fahmy Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Achieving learning outcomes in a creative manner, actually considers a vision for all instructors whether theoretical courses or practical courses, in a reflective way where such reflection interfere to boost students’ self-confidence while enhancing their knowledge. The research investigates some effective teaching strategies that attempt to bridge the gap between theories and real application trying to close the loop of getting both interior/architectural design projects, and construction technology integrated. The research adopts an ontological assumption of applying questionnaire and surveys to recognize this silent war, is it in the students’ mind as just fear of MAKE NO MISTAKE or fear from the future career. According to Tony Robbins. He said if you want a better result then ask yourself a better question. The main research problem is thinking about the rational beyond the reflection of effective teaching strategies as well as solving the problems that fear junior architects and interior designers, to know exactly where is the battle field? A whole mechanism of some teaching and learning strategies as well as direct assessment tools, in accordance with well-defined rubrics were applied. The researcher presents a considerable hypothesis that assures that believing in the architecture and interior design students’ abilities and the instructor’s variable teaching strategies can bring out examples of best practices in teaching philosophies.
Performative Design Optimization for Shading Screens
Authors: Youssef Mohga Ali Abdelslam , Elkordy Ahmed Mohamed , Sobh Hesham Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Building façade plays a significant role in architecture; it is not only a mean to express the design concepts but it is the main moderator between exterior environment and internal spaces. Ecological facades are defined as the ability to response and adapt to the changes of the environmental conditions. The geometry of the proposed screen is not a focal point of this paper, as the aim is to find a method for designing and evaluating non-conventional solar screens that improve indoor daylight quality, while the specified shading screen is installed in front of a transparent full floor to ceiling glass facade. It is assumed that by using the shading screen, the required lighting levels are being maintained, while the heat gain is being reduced. In addition, the designed patterns play a role as an architectural feature of the building. Ultimately, the presented shading screens are based on geometric ornamental patterns and arranged according to the lighting requirements. Results are indicating a multi-disciplinary approach in the design of the shading screens, which can be employed in creating similar prototypes with different climatic and loading requirements.
Comparison of Occupant Thermal Comfort with and without Passive Design for a Naturally Ventilated Educational Building: a case study in Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Fahmy Mohammad , Mahmoud Sherif A. , Olwy Ibrahim M. , Abdelalim Marwa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Occupant thermal comfort in educational buildings is important for students as it support the educational process itself. The passive design of naturally ventilated buildings plays a crucial role in achieving occupant thermal comfort but the passive design itself might be of higher cost to convince the owner even with proofs from the pre and while design simulation outputs. In this paper, the as built of a 1000 students’ educational building is simulated using Design Builder and compared with the same thermal zones of the as built but with passive cooling applications. Two wind catchers, shading devices, low e-glass windows, double skin façade, and double roof were applied as amelioration strategies. The status of student comfort was improved in terms of both Predicted Mean Vote and air temperature, compared with the base case of the building. It is concluded that shading the roofs and southern facade of the building envelope were the most efficient scenarios for the passively modified version of the building.
Architectural Design Firms’ Social Role to develop Sustainable Heritage Communities in Egypt
Authors: Elweshahy Dalia A , Othman Ayman A E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cultural heritage buildings are a crucial element for future generations, as they preserve the cultural identity unique to where they are located. Moreover, they create one of the most dominant and memorable architectural achievement that have significant historical and cultural values. However, heritage buildings in Egypt suffer from a surge in demolition due to the deteriorated conditions of their surroundings areas, as well as, the maintenance of only the physical structures without considering the surrounding communities. Egypt constantly encounters many challenges such as poor coordination from the government due to shortage of skilled people, poor heritage awareness of local communities and lack of finance needed for achieving sustainable development. On the other hand, Architecture Design Firms (ADFs) act as a supporting tool for the government as they have a vital role in the local community development; which further act as the cornerstone of developing the historical regions. Hence, in order for the ADFs to achieve such development, they need to activate their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) role which is a driver for developing the heritage community. Consequently, this research aims to develop a matrix that correlates CSR with ADFs as an approach to achieve sustainable heritage communities in Egypt. A research methodology consists of literature review to investigate the topics of CSR, Heritage community development and ADFs. Finally, developing a matrix showing the relation between the architect’s social responsibility and the indicators of sustainable development of local communities.
Evaluation of Slum Upgrading Interventions - Methodological Approaches
Authors: El-Maradny Hesham , Mahdy Mohamed M. , El-Kady Hesham 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work addresses slums definition according to UN-Habitat, and provides some objectives of impact evaluation of slum upgrading projects. The main objective is to clarify the importance behind the slum upgrading projects (interventions), through over viewing the slum upgrading interventions and their main characteristics then summarize methodology of evaluation studies. This paper gives an overview of counterfactual question, qualitative and quantitative methodologies discusses main strategies to control bias in Quasi-experimental approaches, and provides a summary about common past evaluation challenges and recommendations which can be applied to future work.
Static and Dynamic Performance of Two Stage Concrete
Authors: Ali Mohamed A.E.M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Concrete is arguably the most important construction material in the world. In the last decades, it has been reported that infrastructures faced extreme static and dynamic loads which caused structural catastrophic disasters [1]. The increase usage of conventional concrete in engineering industries led to high consumption of mineral resources which caused several environmental damages related to reduction in the rocket layers [2], besides, the economical damages due to the high demand of natural resources materials which rises the cost of construction [3]. Therefore, the utilization of recycled waste rubber (steel wires) in concrete can be a sustainable solution for waste construction developments [4]. Recently, two stage concrete (TSC) (non-traditional concrete) was introduced. Placing of coarse aggregate followed by injecting the cementitious materials among the aggregate layers in the formwork are the basic steps of producing TSC. Evaluating the static and dynamic performance of TSC were the objectives of this study. Cement, aggregates, water, recycled steel wires of rubber tires were utilized in manufacturing TSC specimens. The compressive characteristic and impact resistance of TSC test specimens were evaluated. Results showed that steel wires improved the dynamic behaviour of TSC, while a slight to no effect was observed on its compressive characteristics. This study demonstrates the potential to engineer sustainable TSC mixtures.