bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Categories We Do Not Know We Live By
Authors: Burman Åsa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
I argue that a central claim of Ásta’s conferralist framework – that it can account for all social properties of individuals – is false, by drawing attention to (opaque) class. I then discuss an implication of this objection; conferralism does not meet its own conditions of adequacy, such as providing a theory that helps to understand oppression. My diagnosis is that this objection points to a methodological problem: Ásta and other social ontologists have been fed on a “one-sided diet” of types of examples, resulting in a limited view of the paradigmatic social phenomena, thus making conferralism too narrow to fulfill its intended role.
The di(thiourea)gold(I) complex [Au{S=C(NH2)2}2][SO3Me] as a precursor for the convenient preparation of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Kossmann Alexander , Ehnert Rayko , Preuß Andrea , Rüffer Natalia , Korb Marcus , Schulze Steffen , Tegenkamp Christoph , Köster Frank , Lang Heinrich 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The synthesis of [Au{S=C(NH2)2}2][SO3Me] (1) (a) by the anodic oxidation of gold metal in an anolyte of thiourea and methansulfonic acid and (b) by the reaction of Au(OH)3 with an aqueous solution of methanesulfonic acid in the presence of thiourea is reported. The structure of 1 in the solid state has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction showing a linear S–Au–S unit with the thiourea ligands in a leaflet structure folded by 113.2(3)°. The cation of complex 1 is a dimer, based on short S · · · C interactions between two adjacent mononuclear cations. The thermal decomposition behavior of 1 was studied by TG and TG-MS confirming that it decomposes under inert gas or oxygen atmosphere in four steps in the temperature range of 200–650°C. Initial decomposition starts with the release and fragmentation of one of the thiourea ligands, followed by the anion degradation. Powder X-ray diffraction studies specified the formation of gold metal. Based on this observation, complex 1 was used as precursor for the formation of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in 1-hexadecylamine (c = 4.0 mol L−1) at T = 330°C without any addition of reducing agents. TEM, electron diffraction, and UV/Vis spectroscopy studies were carried out. Au NPs of size 15 ± 4 nm were formed, showing the characteristic surface plasmon resonance at 528 nm.
Capillary-Based and Stokes-Based Trapping of Serial Sections for Scalable 3D-EM Connectomics
Authors: Lee Timothy J. , Yip Mighten C. , Kumar Aditi , Lewallen Colby F. , Bumbarger Daniel J. , Reid R. Clay , Forest Craig R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSerial section electron microscopy (ssEM), a technique where volumes of tissue can be anatomically reconstructed by imaging consecutive tissue slices, has proven to be a powerful tool for the investigation of brain anatomy. Between the process of cutting the slices, or “sections,” and imaging them, however, handling 10°−106delicate sections remains a bottleneck in ssEM, especially for batches in the “mesoscale” regime, i.e., 102–103sections. We present a tissue section handling device that transports and positions sections, accurately and repeatability, for automated, robotic section pick-up and placement onto an imaging substrate. The device interfaces with a conventional ultramicrotomy diamond knife, accomplishing in-line, exact-constraint trapping of sections with 100-μm repeatability. An associated mathematical model includes capillary-based and Stokes-based forces, accurately describing observed behavior and fundamentally extends the modeling of water-air interface forces. Using the device, we demonstrate and describe the limits of reliable handling of hundreds of slices onto a variety of electron and light microscopy substrates without significant defects (n = 8 datasets composed of 126 serial sections in an automated fashion with an average loss rate and throughput of 0.50% and 63 s/section, respectively. In total, this work represents an automated mesoscale serial sectioning system for scalable 3D-EM connectomics.
Active Sacroiliitis on MRI, Inflammation Biomarkers, and Clinical Disease Activity: What Relationship Does Link Between the Three, in Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis?
Authors: Naji Noura , Akasbi Nessrine , Elkinany Khaoula , Siar Nihad , Harzy Taoufik 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging of sacroiliac joints (MRI SI) is the gold standard imaging tool for axial spondyloarthritis (ax SpA) diagnosis, when the pelvic radiograph is normal or non-conclusive. In fact, subchondral bone marrow edema (BME) is the primary MRI feature of early ax SpA. The associated factors with active sacroiliitis on MRI are still not properly elucidate. The main objective of this study is to identify the relationship between active sacroiliitis on MRI, biomarkers of inflammation and Disease Activity Scores.Materials and methods: Our work could be categorized as a cross sectional study that enrolls all patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr axSpA), meeting each; the assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society axSpA criteria (ASAS 2009), and who were admitted in our Rheumatology Department, in the university hospital Hassan II of Fez (Morocco), all along the period laying between January 2012 and March 2018. The relationship between MRI-SI, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was investigated. Results: 105 patients were involved in the study. The average age was [44years ± 13.5]. The Sex ratio was about [1.4]. 29 % of patients were smokers. 76% of cases had active sacroiliitis on MRI, while only 28% had inactive sacroiliitis. The average CRP serum level was roughly [23.5 ± 36mg / l]. On the other side, the ESR blood level was almost [25.9±24mm/h]. 94.2% of patients used non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The average ASDAS value was about [2.3 ± 1]. Whereas the BASDAI one was [4.2± 1], and the BASFI one was about [4± 1.5]. Actually, No significant relationship was found between active sacroiliitis and inflammation’s biomarkers. Indeed, men had 5.6 times more active sacroiliitis, of which smokers had even 3 times more the risk to develop active sacroiliitis, while treatment with NSAIDs was proved to be a protective factor. Conclusion: Biomarkers of inflammation cannot be used as a marker of objective inflammation of sacroiliac joints on MRI; hence, the necessity of MRI screening, and more additional studies with a larger number of patients, should be conducted, to identify this association even better.
К вопросу о речевой агрессии и инвективах в современных антилиберальных новых медиа
Authors: Kravcova Liudmila 
Published: February 2020

The article explores the use of verbal aggression by anti-liberal “new media”. This source material was selected following the infamous Financial Times interview with Vladimir Putin, where he proclaimed that liberalism had become obsolete. The study explores the purpose, objects, and means of expressing verbal aggression. This study highlights the main ways in which a holistic trend of political philosophy comes under a sustained attack.
The research establishes that lexemes without a default negative connotation, rather than pejorative invectives, are the primary means of expressing aggression. The study further maintains the existence of certain verbal aggression discourse algorithm whereby the use of one potentially aggressive lexeme automatically triggers the use of another lexeme. The analysis shows that anti-liberal discourse is intertwined with antisemitism, homophobia, and negative sentiment towards the internet.
Anti-liberal environment is not limited to pro-government sentiment – occasionally the head of state alsocomes under its critique and its standard allegations. The source of verbal aggression is particularly crucial in the “new media” era: verbal aggression can originate both in governmental institutions and the demassified field. The origin of verbal aggression will further determine its consequences, ranging from impacting the fate of the object of verbal aggression to uniting the supporters sharing the sentiment behind the verbal aggression and/or pro-government opinion. Here neutral lexemes without a default negative connotation take on the function of the means of verbal aggression. This way neutral words such as liberal, Jew, gay become pejorative invectives. These words now carry a high potential for expressing aggression when used in conjunction with other words and phrases.
Maternal Alcohol-Use Disorder and Child Outcomes
Authors: O’Leary Colleen , Lawrence David , Hafekost Katherine , Zubrick Stephen R. , Bower Carol 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Investigate the relationship between maternal alcohol-use disorder and multiple biological and social child outcomes, including birth outcomes, child protection, justice contact, and academic outcomes for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous children.

METHODS:
Women with a birth recorded on the Western Australian Midwives Notification System (1983–2007) and their offspring were in scope. The exposed cohort were mothers with an alcohol-related diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) recorded in an administrative data set and their offspring (non-Indigenous: n = 13 969; Indigenous: n = 9635). The exposed cohort was frequency matched with mothers with no record of an alcohol-related diagnosis and their offspring (comparison cohort; non-Indigenous: n = 40 302; Indigenous: n = 20 533).

RESULTS:
Over half of exposed non-Indigenous children (55%) and 84% of exposed Indigenous children experienced ≥1 negative outcome. The likelihood of any negative outcome was significantly higher for the exposed than the comparison cohort (non-Indigenous: odds ratio [OR] = 2.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.56–2.78]; Indigenous: OR = 2.67 [95% CI = 2.50–2.85]). The odds were greatest for children whose mothers received a diagnosis during pregnancy (non-Indigenous: OR = 4.65 [95% CI = 3.87–5.59]; Indigenous: OR = 5.18 [95% CI = 4.10–6.55]); however, numbers were small.

CONCLUSIONS:
The effects of maternal alcohol-use disorder are experienced by the majority of exposed children rather than a vulnerable subgroup of this population. These findings highlight the need for universal prevention strategies to reduce harmful alcohol use and targeted interventions to support at-risk women and children.
Bronchopulmonary Pathology Prevalence Among Premature infants and Estimation of Prophylactic Efficacy and Reactogenicity of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Premature infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Semerikov Vladislav V. , Zubova Elena S. , Loshkareva Vera L. , Sofronova Lyudmila V. , Permyakova Mariya A. 
Published: February 2020

Background. The most frequent chronic lung pathology among infants and especially in premature children with extremely low and very low body weight is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of bronchopulmonary pathology among premature children and justify the need to vaccinate against pneumococcal disease premature children suffering from BPD. Methods. The official statistics (Form №32) and data from annual reports of the catamnesis department of “the Honourary order” Perm Regional Clinical Hospital were used in order to measure the number of premature children born alive in Perm region in 2015-2017 yy. The estimation of prophylactic efficacy and reactogenicity of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) at immunization of premature children with BPD. Results. The study group included vaccinated premature children with BPD (n=29), the experimental group included non-vaccinated premature children with BPD (n=29) and 30 vaccinated term children. Administration of PCV13 in premature children suffering from BPD has revealed its high prophylactic efficacy (no cases of community-acquired pneumonia among vaccinated children during the prospective study for 3 years), high tolerability (no cases of broncho-obstructive syndrome or negative effects on respiratory system such as apnoea or desaturation among vaccinated children). Low reactogenicity (17.2 ± 0.57%) and similar vaccine tolerance with term children (16.5 ± 0.55%) has been revealed as well. The combination of PCV13 with other vaccines from immunisation schedule did not increase the number of vaccine-induced diseases in comparison with administration of PCV13 alone. Conclusion. The scientific necessity of vaccination of premature children with BPD against pneumococcal disease has been proved. The high prophylactic efficacy and low reactogenicity of PCV13 in this children group at tertiary neonatological care (catamnesis department of perinatal center) has been established within the national immunisation schedule.
Definición de obesidad: más allá del índice de masa corporal
Authors: Gutiérrez Cortez Edgar Agustín , Goicochea Ríos Evelyn del Socorro , Linares Reyes Edgardo 
Published: February 2020

La obesidad es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública contemporánea, se ha asociado en su génesis a variaciones psicosociales y del comportamiento, al mismo tiempo la obesidad se relaciona a diversas enfermedades no infecciosas como son diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), hipertensión arterial (HTA), alteraciones del sistema musculoesquelético y diversas neoplasias. Tradicionalmente se ha evaluado y clasificado la obesidad de acuerdo al índice de masa corporal (IMC), sin embargo, esta evaluación es inespecífica porque no discrimina la composición corporal, por lo que actualmente se plantea definir a la obesidad en función de la resistencia del cuerpo al paso de una corriente eléctrica alterna de baja intensidad, la impedancia eléctrica.
Embarazo ectópico ovárico
Authors: Atalaya Taboada Eliana Rocío , Goicochea Ríos Evelyn del Socorro 
Published: February 2020

El embarazo ectópico es una patología potencialmente mortal que ocurre en 1 – 2 % de todos los embarazos. El sitio de implantación ectópica más frecuente es la trompa de Falopio, menos del 10 % se implanta en cuello uterino, ovario, miometrio, porción distal de la trompa, cavidad abdominal o dentro de la cicatriz de cesárea. Cuando la presentación se desarrolla en ovario representa el 3 % de todos los embarazos ectópicos, sin embargo, se ha encontrado aumento de su incidencia a nivel mundial. Generalmente se presentan con sangrado vaginal, dolor abdominal y datos de shock. El presente es un caso que acude al servicio de medicina con sintomatología poco específica a la que posteriormente se le realiza ecografía y prueba de embarazo con resultados positivos para la sospecha diagnostica. Se le practica laparotomía de emergencia donde se evidencia restos trofoblásticos en ovario izquierdo y hemoperitoneo. El reporte de patología informó la presencia de restos trofoblásticos del primer trimestre, lo que confirmó la sospecha diagnostica.
Amalgam and Composite Use among Dentists and Dental Interns in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Safadi Rahaf , Radwan Fatimah , Al-Momin Leenah , Bakhsh Raghad , Slais Sarah , Al-Abbad Azhar , Al-Zawad Camelliea , Shamrookh Zahra , Al-Sultan Furat , Al-Dajan Huda i , Al-Muhana Zahra 
Published: February 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to detect the use of amalgam versus resin composite restorations placed in permanent posterior vital teeth among dentists practicing in Saudi Arabia and dental interns training in Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods: 318 patients aged ≥ 8 years were randomly selected and clinically examined for amalgam and resin composite restorations placed in permanent posterior vital teeth by dentists and by dental interns in Saudi Arabia. The restorations were placed in teeth preparations Class I and Class II. Also, bitewing and or periapical radiographs were used to define the depth of the cavity. The data obtained were documented in a patient examination form then statistically analyzed using Chi-Square Test or Fisher-Freeman-Halton Test and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient.
Results: Composite was the predominant kind of restoration placed by dental interns, and dentists placed more composite restorations than amalgam ones. There was an insignificant relationship between the kind of restoration placed by dental interns (amalgam, composite) and the tooth type (maxillary / mandibular premolar, maxillary / mandibular molar), the class of tooth preparation, the cavity depth, the age of the patient, and the gender of the patient p> 0.05. However, there was a significant relationship between the kind of restoration placed by dentists (amalgam, composite) and the cavity depth p < 0.05. Also, dentists placed more composite restorations in maxillary first premolars and in young patients 8-29 years, while they placed more amalgam restorations in mandibular second molars and in older patients 41-50 years p < 0.05. There was an insignificant relationship between the kind of restoration placed by dentists (amalgam, composite) and the class of cavity preparation and the gender of the patient p > 0.05.
Conclusion: Both dentists and dental interns used composite restorative material more than amalgam, but dentists placed more amalgam restorations than dental interns. Dental interns mainly used composite.
Keywords: Amalgam, Composite, Class, Dentist, Depth, Intern, Type.
Case Report: A Headset in the Bladder
Authors: Soetojo Soetojo , Madani Hasan 
Published: February 2020

Foreign objects may be present in the bladder due to deliberate insertion or displacement of the surrounding organs. There have been multiple cases of sharp objects such as nails, hair pins, and screws, as well as large objects such as AAA batteries, toothbrushes, and ballpoint pens found in the urethra and the bladder, which must have been aimed to induce sexual satisfaction associated with mental and psychic disorders. The diagnosis was established by means of radiological examinations, ie thoracic x-ray, KUB, and urethrography. This article reported a 32-year-old man with headset inserted to penile until bladder and could not be pulled out again. The patient complained pain and bleeding out of the urinary tract. We performed vesicotomy and pulling the out headset from bladder. The operation was succesful. In conclusion, the case of a headset in the bladder has been treated successfully with vesicotomy.
Blood Transcriptome Analysis reveals Age-associated changes in Expression Profile of Immune-Related Gene in Golden snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
Authors: Huanhuan Shao , Jiabo Deng , Linfeng Wu , Xuedan Li , Lili Niu , Jianqiu Yu , Yang Pu , Huijuan Yan , Weigan Chen , Tan Xuemei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) are endangered species of monkeys found in China. In this study, we provided the blood transcriptome sequences of golden snub-nosed monkeys obtained using RNA-Seq technology. The genomic annotation of these monkeys was useful to identify the polymorphisms and subpopulations, in order to understand age-related changes of immune system. This data may provide a valuable resource for further genetic and genomic research of golden snub-nosed monkeys.Results: 57.31 Gb high-quality sequencing data were obtained. The clean data of each sample were >5 Gb, and 86.17% to 94.48% of the reads of each sample could be compared to reference genome of snub-nosed monkey. After assembly, we obtained 24,992 genes, including 3,917 new genes. Many genes were up-regulated or down-regulated with age. Compared to the young group, there were 76 differential genes in adult group of R. r. roxellana, including 68 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated genes. While, compared with the adult group, there were 58 differential genes, including 25 up-regulated genes and 23 down-regulated genes in the old group of R. r. roxellana. In R. r. qinlingensis, compared with the young group, 117 differential genes were obtained, including 34 up-regulated and 83 down-regulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the up-regulated genes were mainly related to innate immune response and T-cell activity, while the down-regulated genes were mainly involved in B-cell activity, suggesting that immune competence of adult group increased gradually compared to young group. However, the adaptive immune function declined gradually in the old group.Conclusions: Our findings can contribute to understanding of molecular mechanisms of age-related changes of immune system, which will provide a foundation for future studies of snub-nosed monkey.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting by Patients: Experience of 12 European Countries
Authors: Valinciute-Jankauskiene Agne , Kubiliene Loreta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

Spontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by a patient is an important method in minimizing safety risks related to medicine use. Patients as reporters of suspected ADRs are valuable participants of pharmacovigilance system. The aim of this study to examine the contribution of the patients to pharmacovigilance in European countries that started patient reporting schemes in 2012-2013 and to compare different tools used by their authorities to promote patients’ reporting.

Methods

A web-based questionnaire was sent to the NCAs of the Europe countries. The received answers were systematized and compared with each other through meta-analysis. Pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated in a random or fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity was determined using the Cochrane Q-Test.

Results

The performed meta-analysis demonstrates that the changes in the number of received ADR report over the analyzed period increased significantly in each country. The reported statistic from Ireland and Finland significantly differ from other reviewed countries. Personalized feedback is a part of the pharmacovigilance system in 5 (41,6%) countries. Only Finland and Ireland (16,6%) do not offer specific reporting forms to patients. The common source of information on direct patient reporting is the websites of NCAs. Other tools in use are information on social media pages, leaflets, posters, etc.

Conclusions

This is the first insight into patients reporting schemes implemented after the significant reform of the European regulatory system for pharmacovigilance. The statistical data received from the interviewed countries indicate that it is essential for countries with minimal experience in pharmacovigilance systems with direct patient reporting schemes to organize comprehensive campaigns on ADR reporting. However, some countries do not promote the patient’s reporting schemes actively, which implies that the patient reporting is considered as mandatory and not as a supporting tool for safer medicines to consumers.