bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A piezoelectric energy harvesting concept for an energy-autonomous instrumented total hip replacement
Authors: Lange Hans-E , Hohlfeld Dennis , Bader Rainer , Kluess Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To improve the clinical outcome of total hip replacements (THRs), instrumented implants with sensory functions for implant monitoring and diagnostics or actuators for therapeutic measures are a promising approach. Therefore, an adequate energy source is needed. Batteries and external power supplies bring shortcomings e.g. limited lifetime or dependency on external equipment. Energy harvesting has the clear benefit of providing continuous and independent power for fully autonomous implants. Our present study evaluates by means of finite element analysis (FEA) the capabilities of a concept of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system (ring shaped multilayer piezoelectric element of 5 mm diameter and 2.5 mm height) integrated in a femoral hip stem. The deformations from a modified load-bearing implant are used to generate electric power for various instrumentation purposes. Besides the expected amount of converted energy, the influence on the stress distribution of the instrumented implant is analysed. The results show that the local stress increase for the modified implant geometry does not exceed the stress of the original reference model. The maximum generated open circuit voltage of 11.9 V can be processed in standard energy harvesting circuitry whereas an average power output amounts up to 8.1 µW. In order to increase the electric power in an upcoming design optimization, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most important influencing parameters with regard to power output and implant safety.
Estimating the power spectrum of a discrete cosmic momentum field with fast Fourier transform
Authors: Pan Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Fast Fourier transform based estimators are formulated for measuring momentum power spectra, including the auto power spectra of the momentum, the momentum divergence, and the cross spectrum of density fluctuation and momentum divergence. Algorithms using the third order Bettle-Lemarié scaling function to assign discrete objects to regular grids for fast Fourier transform are proposed to clean alias effects. Numerical experiments prove that the implementation can achieve sub-percent precision till close to the Nyquist frequency. The impact of removing bulk flow on the estimation of momentum power spectra is derived theoretically and verified numerically. Subtracting bulk flow has little effects at large scales but might induce meaningful differences in nonlinear regime, and probably it is not necessary to subtract bulk flow for samples which peculiar velocities are exact or sufficiently accurate. Momentum power spectra of dark matter samples fromN-body simulation aremeasured and discussed. As expected, the prediction of the one loop Eulerian perturbation theory agrees with simulation only slightly better than the linear theory at z = 0, but can be applied to higher redshift with improved accuracy. Measurements of simulation data and the one loop Eulerian theory both reveal that the momentum field contains strong rotational part, and there is a large stochastic component in the divergence of momentum which is not correlated with the density field. The three kinds of momentum power spectra have their own characteristics.
Calibration and performance of the neutron detector onboard of the DAMPE mission
Authors: Huang Yong-Yi , Ma Tao , Yue Chuan , Zhang Yan , Cai Ming-Sheng , Chang Jin , Dong Tie-Kuang , Zhang Yong-Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), one of the four space-based scientific missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was successfully launched on 2015 Dec. 17 from Jiuquan launch center. One of the most important scientific goals of DAMPE is to search for evidence of dark matter indirectly by measuring the spectrum of high energy cosmic-ray electrons. The neutron detector, one of the four sub-payloads of DAMPE, is designed to distinguish high energy electrons from hadron background by measuring the secondary neutrons produced in the shower. In this paper, a comprehensive introduction of the neutron detector is presented, including the design, calibration and performance. The analysis with simulated data and flight data indicates a powerful proton rejection capability of the neutron detector, which plays an essential role for TeV electron identification of DAMPE.
A broadband digital receiving system with large dynamic range for solar radio observation
Authors: Yan Fa-Bao , Liu Yang , Xu Ke , Shang Zi-Qian , Su Yan-Rui , Lu Guang , Chen Yao , Wu Zhao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Solar radio spectra and their temporal evolution provide important clues to understand the energy release and electron acceleration process in the corona, and are commonly used to diagnose critical parameters such as the magnetic field strength. However, previous solar radio telescopes cannot provide high-quality data with complete frequency coverage. Aiming to develop a generalized solar radio observing system, in this study, we designed a digital receiving system that could capture solar radio bursts with a broad bandwidth and a large dynamic range. A dual-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) with a sampling rate of 14-bit, 1.25 Giga samples per second (GSPS) cooperates with the field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) chip XC7K410T in the design. This receiver could realize the real-time acquisition and preprocessing of high-speed data of up to 5 GB s−1, which ensures high time and spectral resolutions in observations. This receiver has been used in the solar radio spectrometer working in the frequency range of 35 to 40 GHz in Chashan Solar Observatory (CSO) established by Shandong University, and will be further developed and used in the solar radio interferometers. The full-power bandwidth of the PCBA in this receiving system could reach up to 1.5 GHz, and the performance parameters (DC–1.5 GHz) are obtained as follows: spur free dynamic range (SFDR) of 64.7–78.4 dB, signal-to-noise and distortion (SINAD) of 49.1–57.2 dB, and effective number of bits (ENOB) of > 7.86 bit. Based on the receiver that we designed, real-time solar microwave dynamic spectra have been acquired and more solar microwave bursts with fine spectral structures are hopeful to be detected in the coming solar maximum.
Weight-adjusted waist index reflects fat and muscle mass in the opposite direction in older adults
Authors: Kim Nam Hoon , Park Yousung , Kim Nan Hee , Kim Sin Gon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Age-related changes in body composition include decreased muscle mass and preserved or increased fat mass. There is no anthropometric index to assess both muscle and fat mass.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional sample of 602 participants aged ≥65 years from the Ansan Geriatric study, we evaluated the association of weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) with muscle and fat mass and compared these with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). WWI was calculated as WC (cm) divided by the square root of body weight (kg). Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomography.

Results
WWI positively correlated with total abdominal fat area (TFA) (r = 0.421, P &lt; 0.001), visceral fat area (VFA) (r = 0.264, P &lt; 0.001), and percentage of total tissue fat (r = 0.465, P &lt; 0.001), but negatively correlated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (r = −0.511, P &lt; 0.001) and ASM/height2 (r = −0.324, P &lt; 0.001). Mean ASM was highest in the first quartile of WWI (17.85 kg/m2) and showed a decreasing trend, with the lowest value in the fourth WWI quartile (13.21 kg/m2, P for trend &lt;0.001). In contrast, mean TFA was lowest in the first quartile and highest in the fourth WWI quartile (P for trend &lt;0.001). The probability of combined low muscle mass and high fat mass was &gt;3× higher in the fourth WWI quartile than in the lowest quartile (odds ratio 3.22, 95% confidence interval 1.32–7.83).

Conclusions
WWI is an anthropometric index positively associated with fat mass and negatively associated with muscle mass in older adults.
The actions of resveratrol in decidualizing endometrium: acceleration or inhibition?†
Authors: Kuroda Keiji , Ochiai Asako , Brosens Jan J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, is widely studied for its anti-inflammatory and antisenescent properties. Recently, two studies reported seemingly conflicting findings on the actions of resveratrol on decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). One study by Ochiai et al. demonstrated that resveratrol inhibits decidual transformation of primary cultured HESCs. The other study by Mestre Citrinovitz et al., showed that resveratrol enhances decidualization of HESCs in culture. At a glance, the reason for these opposing observations seems puzzling. However, recent studies demonstrated that decidualization is a multistep process, which starts with an acute proinflammatory stress response that lasts for several days and is followed by the emergence of stress-resistant decidual cells as well as senescent decidual cells. The balance between these decidual subpopulations may determine if the cycling endometrium can successfully transition into the decidua of pregnancy upon embryo implantation. Here, we explore the importance of timing of drugs aimed at modulating the decidual response. We posit that resveratrol treatment during the initial proinflammatory decidual phase, i.e., coinciding with the implantation window in vivo, inhibits decidual transformation of the endometrium. However, when given after the initial phase, resveratrol may promote decidualization by inhibiting decidual senescence. Further, if restricted to the proliferative phase, resveratrol may promote ovarian function without adversely impacting on embryo implantation or decidualization. Thus, failure to align drug interventions with the correct phase of the menstrual cycle may negate beneficial clinical effects and results in adverse reproductive outcomes.
Hyaluronidase-based swim-up for semen selection in patients with human papillomavirus semen infection
Authors: De Toni Luca , Cosci Ilaria , Carosso Andrea , Barzon Luisa , Engl Bruno , Foresta Carlo , Garolla Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) represents one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in both men and women worldwide. Recently, the detection of HPV virions in the semen of a large percentage of sexually active men has been associated with detrimental effects on both sperm parameters and on assisted reproductive technologies (ART) treatment outcomes. Conventional semen washing procedure used in ART have proved to be ineffective in removing HPV bound to sperm, requiring the identification of more effective and specific methods.
In the present study, we assessed the possible use of hyaluronidase for the detachment of HPV from sperm cell surface. Semen samples from five normozoospermic control subjects (CTRL) were incubated with HPV virus-like particles (HPV-VLP) and treated with hyaluronidase by both a modified swim-up procedure (M-SU) and single-cell approach (SCA). The treatment with hyaluronidase was associated with the complete loss of HPV-VLP signal on sperms by both M-SU and SCA. In addition, semen samples from 12 HPV-positive infertile patients were treated with hyaluronidase 80 IU/mL by M-SU, resulting in the complete loss of HPV-DNA signal from sperm surface.
Finally, the possible impact of hyaluronidase treatment on sperm parameters was assessed on both sperms from the five CTRL subjects and on further five oligo-astheno-terato-zoospermic (OAT) patients, both HPV negative. The treatment with hyaluronidase was equally associated with a slight reduction of sperm viability and progressive motility in both CTRL and OAT. In conclusion, the treatment with hyaluronidase removed efficiently and safely HPV virions bound to spermatozoa.
Enhancing Motor Brain Activity Improves Memory for Action Language: A tDCS Study
Authors: Vitale Francesca , Padrón Iván , Avenanti Alessio , de Vega Manuel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The embodied cognition approach to linguistic meaning posits that action language understanding is grounded in sensory–motor systems. However, evidence that the human motor cortex is necessary for action language memory is meager. To address this issue, in two groups of healthy individuals, we perturbed the left primary motor cortex (M1) by means of either anodal or cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), before participants had to memorize lists of manual action and attentional sentences. In each group, participants received sham and active tDCS in two separate sessions. Following anodal tDCS (a-tDCS), participants improved the recall of action sentences compared with sham tDCS. No similar effects were detected following cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS). Both a-tDCS and c-tDCS induced variable changes in motor excitability, as measured by motor-evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Remarkably, across groups, action-specific memory improvements were positively predicted by changes in motor excitability. We provide evidence that excitatory modulation of the motor cortex selectively improves performance in a task requiring comprehension and memory of action sentences. These findings indicate that M1 is necessary for accurate processing of linguistic meanings and thus provide causal evidence that high-order cognitive functions are grounded in the human motor system.
Incorporating Real-time Influenza Detection Into the Test-negative Design for Estimating Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness: The Real-time Test-negative Design (rtTND)
Authors: Feldstein Leora R , Self Wesley H , Ferdinands Jill M , Randolph Adrienne G , Aboodi Michael , Baughman Adrienne H , Brown Samuel M , Exline Matthew C , Files D Clark , Gibbs Kevin , Ginde Adit A , Gong Michelle N , Grijalva Carlos G , Halasa Natasha , Khan Akram , Lindsell Christopher J , Newhams Margaret , Peltan Ithan D , Prekker Matthew E , Rice Todd W , Shapiro Nathan I , Steingrub Jay , Talbot H Keipp , Halloran M Elizabeth , Patel Manish ,   Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Investigators and the Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (PICFLU-VE) Investigators, Kong Michele , Sanders Ronald C , Irby Katherine , Gaspers Mary , Markovitz Barry , Cvijanovich Natalie , Schwarz Adam , Mourani Peter , Maddux Aline , Martinez Schlurmann Natalia , Tarquinio Keiko , Coates Bria M , Sullivan Janice , Montgomery Vicki , Flori Heidi R , Hume Janet , Schuster Jennifer E , Cullimore Melissa , McCulloh Russell , Mahapatra Sidharth , Gertz Shira J , Nofziger Ryan , Shein Steven L , Hall Mark W , Thomas Neal , Weiss Scott L , Loftis Laura L , Englund Janet A , Smith Lincoln S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With rapid and accurate molecular influenza testing now widely available in clinical settings, influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies can prospectively select participants for enrollment based on real-time results rather than enrolling all eligible patients regardless of influenza status, as in the traditional test-negative design (TND). Thus, we explore advantages and disadvantages of modifying the TND for estimating VE by using real-time, clinically available viral testing results paired with acute respiratory infection eligibility criteria for identifying influenza cases and test-negative controls prior to enrollment. This modification, which we have called the real-time test-negative design (rtTND), has the potential to improve influenza VE studies by optimizing the case-to-test-negative control ratio, more accurately classifying influenza status, improving study efficiency, reducing study cost, and increasing study power to adequately estimate VE. Important considerations for limiting biases in the rtTND include the need for comprehensive clinical influenza testing at study sites and accurate influenza tests.
Exit Pursued by Horace: Bears, Shakespeare, and the Classical Tradition
Authors: Kachuck Aaron J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article puts the bear back in Horace, demonstrating the role bears have played from antiquity through the Renaissance as the great disruptor of the classical literary artefact, simplex et unum. The first section of the article treats bear’s place in ancient poetics. The second section exposes its role in Horace’s corpus, demonstrating how it instantiates both historical interpretive conflicts over one of Aristotle’s definition of the poet’s vocation and a wide range of Roman cultural and literary developments in the late first-century bce. The third and final section finds Horace’s bear stalking Renaissance artes poeticae and starring as the unstable genre-crossing centre of Shakespeare’s ‘The Winter’s Tale’ (1611). This article shows that Shakespeare’s bear has as much to do with the history of poetics (and the War of the Poets) as with the material history of stagecraft, which has often been the intriguing focus of scholarship on the bear. In addition to heightening our sense of the monstrous qualities of Augustan literature, and to troubling our notions about the classicism of classical literature, this article clarifies how classical poetics could function, in its own time and thereafter, as both analytic field and a literary genre sui generis.
Online estimation of DSGE models
Authors: Cai Michael , Del Negro Marco , Herbst Edward , Matlin Ethan , Sarfati Reca , Schorfheide Frank 
Published: September 2020

Summary
This paper illustrates the usefulness of sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods in approximating dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model posterior distributions. We show how the tempering schedule can be chosen adaptively, document the accuracy and runtime benefits of generalized data tempering for ‘online’ estimation (that is, re-estimating a model as new data become available), and provide examples of multimodal posteriors that are well captured by SMC methods. We then use the online estimation of the DSGE model to compute pseudo-out-of-sample density forecasts and study the sensitivity of the predictive performance to changes in the prior distribution. We find that making priors less informative (compared with the benchmark priors used in the literature) by increasing the prior variance does not lead to a deterioration of forecast accuracy.
Do Parental Leaves Make the Motherhood Wage Penalty Worse?
Authors: Mari Gabriele , Cutuli Giorgio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We assess if and how motherhood wage penalties change in response to the design of parental leave regulations. Focusing on Germany, we compare sweeps of reforms inspired by opposite principles. One allowed for longer periods out of paid work in the 1990s, the other prompted quicker re-entry in the labour market in the late 2000s. These reforms may have first exacerbated and later mitigated wage losses for new mothers, albeit each component of leave schemes may trigger separate, and at times zero-sum, mechanisms. We rely on Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data and a difference-in-differences design. Focusing on first-time mothers, we find that motherhood wage penalties were substantial (around 20–30 per cent of pre-birth wages) and also changed little during the 1990s. As parental leave reform triggered longer time spent on leave coupled with better tenure accumulation, wage losses for mothers remained stable in this first period. Following parental leave reform in the late 2000s, instead, the wage prospects of first-time mothers improved, thanks in part to shorter work interruptions and increased work hours. We suggest that the nuts and bolts of leave schemes can be fine-tuned to reduce child penalties and, thus, gender wage disparities.
“But there is always hope in the human heart”: Italian Jews’ Search for the Deported in the Immediate Aftermath of the Holocaust
Authors: Koch Anna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This investigation examines the early efforts of Italian survivors, beginning with the June 1944 liberation of Rome, to discover the fate of loved ones. Survivors of the camps shared their experiences with those who had evaded capture and deportation (through hiding, passing, or other means). Highlighting the crucial role returnees played in transmitting information about the camps reveals how these two groups created support networks. As hope that relatives would return dwindled by the late 1940s, this frantic search evolved into an effort to commemorate the victims. Though relatives struggled to mourn without a body to bury or grave to visit, networks of shared suffering and early attempts to commemorate the deceased helped survivors process their loss.
Enemy of Secrets: Transparency and Displacement in Interwar Glass
Authors: Hartzell Freyja 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Glass is magic. Not quite liquid, not quite solid, it is a shape-shifter. A curious displacer, it dislodges space while itself appearing almost absent, optically permeable—ghostly. Glass’s unique conflation of materiality and immateriality recommended it for both practical and conceptual exploitation during the modern period. This essay considers glass objects and architecture produced in Germany during the Interwar years as both reactions to the cataclysms of World War I and responses to the shift in political values that fueled the advent of the Third Reich. It traces both glass’s own power to displace—to shift and change the cultural landscape of modernity—and its paradoxical powerlessness to resist its own displacement: its gradual evacuation of color, texture and presence—and the cultural and political consequences.
Impact of Pool Testing in Detection of Asymptomatic Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Smalley David L , Cisarik Patricia M , Grantham James , Cloud William , Neil R Brock , DePriest Paul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
During the current pandemic, COVID-19 has been detected in patients using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that confirms the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The demand for increased testing, particularly for asymptomatic individuals required alternative approaches to single-patient RT-PCR testing, such as pooling.

Methods
This study explored the impact of dilution on the detectability of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients using RT-PCR and demonstrated that pooling can be effective in low prevalence populations.

Results
The RT-PCR results for the 3:1, 5:1, and 7:1 aliquot samples showed little differences in CT values, confirming detection capability at these dilutions.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the present study, a pooled approach with up to 5:1 sample aliquots and using the current RT-PCR methodology likely will detect SARS CoV2 RNA among asymptomatic patients.