bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birational Geometry of Blow-ups of Projective Spaces Along Points and Lines
Authors: He Zhuang , Yang Lei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Consider the blow-up $X$ of ${\mathbb{P}}^3$ at $6$ points in very general position and the $15$ lines through the $6$ points. We construct an infinite-order pseudo-automorphism $\phi _X$ on $X$. The effective cone of $X$ has infinitely many extremal rays and, hence, $X$ is not a Mori Dream Space. The threefold $X$ has a unique anticanonical section, which is a Jacobian K3 Kummer surface $S$ of Picard number 17. The restriction of $\phi _X$ on $S$ realizes one of Keum’s 192 infinite-order automorphisms. We show the blow-up of ${\mathbb{P}}^n$ ($n\geq 3$) at $(n+3)$ very general points and certain $9$ lines through them is not a Mori Dream Space. As an application, for $n\geq 7$, the blow-up of $\overline{M}_{0,n}$ at a very general point has infinitely many extremal effective divisors.
Selection for increased cranial capacity in small mammals during a century of urbanization
Authors: DePasquale C , Li X , Harold M , Mueller S , McLaren S , Mahan C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Urbanization is a selective force that is known to drive changes in the population dynamics of wildlife. How animals adapt to changing environmental conditions is crucial to their survival in these environments. Relative brain size, or cranial capacity, is a known proxy of behavioral flexibility, and can be used to assess how well a species has adapted to a particular environment. We examined changes in cranial capacity in a time series of small mammal skulls collected from urban and rural populations in southwestern Pennsylvania. Skulls from urban populations were collected from Allegheny County, an area that experienced rapid urbanization over the past century, and skulls of rural populations from the Powdermill Nature Reserve of the Carnegie Museum, which has remained relatively unchanged forest over the same period. Our results show that Peromyscus leucopus and Microtus pennsylvanicus from urban populations had significantly greater cranial capacity than their rural counterparts, but the opposite was true for Eptesicus fuscus. We found no difference in relative cranial capacity across time in any of the small mammal species. Our results suggest that a larger cranial capacity is selected for in an urban environment and reinforces the hypothesis that behavioral flexibility is important for animals to adapt to novel environments.
Pulmonary herniation after minimally invasive cardiac surgery: review and implications from a series of 20 cases
Authors: Cetinkaya Ayse , Zeriouh Mohamed , Liakopoulos Oliver-Joannis , Hein Stefan , Siemons Tamor , Bramlage Peter , Schönburg Markus , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Richter Manfred 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) via right lateral mini thoracotomy is the gold standard treatment approach for mitral and tricuspid valve disorders. Other selected procedures (e.g. transapical aortic valve implantation, MIDCAB) require a left lateral mini thoracotomy for surgical access. Advantages of MICS over complete sternotomy are well known, but access-related complications post MICS, such as pulmonary herniation, are often underestimated/overlooked. In males, a pulmonary herniation in the proximity of the former thoracotomy is often clinically visible, especially when the intrathoracic pressure rises (e.g. during coughing). In females, clinical symptoms may be hidden by the breast and patients often have unspecific complaints or occasional pain when coughing, making identification of a lung herniation more difficult. Chest computed tomography is the diagnostic tool of choice for pulmonary herniations. Using a series of 20 patients with pulmonary herniation post MICS, we report our findings in diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Dissecting the role of a plant-specific Rab5 small GTPase NbRabF1 in Bamboo mosaic virus infection
Authors: Huang Ying-Ping , Hou Pei-Yu , Chen I-Hsuan , Hsu Yau-Huei , Tsai Ching-Hsiu , Cheng Chi-Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
NbRabF1, a small GTPase from Nicotiana benthamiana and a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana Ara6, plays a key role in regulating Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) movement by vesicle transport between endosomal membranes. Reducing the expression of NbRabF1 in N. benthamiana by virus-induced gene silencing decreased the accumulation of BaMV, and with smaller infection foci on inoculated leaves, but had no effect in protoplasts. Furthermore, transient expression of NbRabF1 increased the accumulation of BaMV in inoculated leaves. Thus, NbRabF1 may be involved in the cell-to-cell movement of BaMV. The potential acyl modification sites at the second and third amino acid positions of NbRabF1 were crucial for membrane targeting and BaMV accumulation. The localization of mutant forms of NbRabF1 with the GDP-bound (donor site) and GTP-bound (acceptor site) suggested that NbRabF1 might regulate vesicle trafficking between the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane. Furthermore, GTPase activity could also be involved in BaMV cell-to-cell movement. Overall, in this study, we identified a small GTPase, NbRabF1, from N. benthamiana that interacts with its activation protein NbRabGAP1 and regulates vesicle transport from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. We suggest that the BaMV movement complex might move from cell to cell through this vesicle trafficking route.
Intermittent AGN episodes drive outflows with a large spread of observable loading factors
Authors: Zubovas Kastytis , Nardini Emanuele 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The properties of large-scale galactic outflows, such as their kinetic energy and momentum rates, correlate with the luminosity of the active galactic nucleus (AGN). This is well explained by the wind-driven outflow model, where a fraction of the AGN luminosity drives the outflow. However, significant departures from these correlations have been observed in a number of galaxies. This may happen because AGN luminosity varies on a much shorter time-scale (∼104–105 yr) than outflow properties do (∼106 yr). We investigate the effect of AGN luminosity variations on outflow properties using 1D numerical simulations. This effect can explain the very weak outflow in PDS 456: if its nucleus is currently much brighter than the long-term average luminosity, the outflow has not had time to react to this luminosity change. Conversely, the outflow in Mrk 231 is consistent with being driven by an almost continuous AGN, while IRAS F11119+3257 represents an intermediate case between the two. Considering a population of AGN, we find that very low momentum loading factors $\dot{p}_{\rm out} \lt L_{\rm AGN}/c$ should be seen in a significant fraction of objects – up to $15{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ depending on the properties of AGN variability and galaxy gas fraction. The predicted distribution of loading factors is consistent with the available observational data. We discuss how this model might help constrain the duty cycles of AGN during the period of outflow inflation, implications for multiphase, and spatially distinct outflows, and suggest ways of improving AGN prescriptions in numerical simulations.
Stellar scattering and the formation of exponential discs in self-gravitating systems
Authors: Wu Jian , Struck Curtis , D’Onghia Elena , Elmegreen Bruce G 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We show, using the N-body code gadget-2, that stellar scattering by massive clumps can produce exponential discs, and the effectiveness of the process depends on the mass of scattering centres, as well as the stability of the galactic disc. Heavy, dense scattering centres in a less stable disc generate an exponential profile quickly, with a time-scale shorter than 1 Gyr. The profile evolution due to scattering can make a near-exponential disc under various initial stellar distributions. This result supports analytic theories that predict the scattering processes always favour the zero entropy gradient solution to the Jeans/Poisson equations, whose profile is a near-exponential. Profile changes are accompanied by disc thickening, and a power-law increase in stellar velocity dispersion in both vertical and radial directions is also observed through the evolution. Close encounters between stars and clumps can produce abrupt changes in stellar orbits and shift stars radially. These events can make trajectories more eccentric, but many leave eccentricities little changed. On average, orbital eccentricities of stars increase moderately with time.
A new understanding of L4 and L5 axial orbits through the torus structure
Authors: Qi Yi , de Ruiter Anton 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
In this paper, through the critical isosurface of the pseudo-Hamiltonian of co-orbital motions in the torus space, we provide a new understanding of L4 and L5 axial orbits and their invariant manifolds in the circular restricted three-body problem. The contact points on the critical isosurface of the pseudo-Hamiltonian correspond to the locations of L4 and L5 axial orbits in the torus space, and provide a set of good initial guesses of L4 and L5 axial orbits for the multiple shooting method. Furthermore, we calculate and analyse orbital behaviours of L4 and L5 axial orbit families. Based on the topological structure of the critical isosurface of the pseudo-Hamiltonian, compound dynamical motions of invariant manifolds associated with L4 and L5 axial orbits are discussed. We present an approximate estimation for libration amplitudes of different co-orbital portions of invariant manifolds. Results obtained from numerical integration demonstrate the validity of our semi-analytical approach in the torus space..
The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: BAO and RSD measurements from the anisotropic power spectrum of the quasar sample between redshift 0.8 and 2.2
Authors: Neveux Richard , Burtin Etienne , de Mattia Arnaud , Smith Alex , Ross Ashley J , Hou Jiamin , Bautista Julian , Brinkmann Jonathan , Chuang Chia-Hsun , Dawson Kyle S , Gil-Marín Héctor , W. Lyke Brad , de la Macorra Axel , du Mas des Bourboux Hélion , Mohammad Faizan G , Müller Eva-Maria , Myers Adam D , Newman Jeffrey A , Percival Will J , Rossi Graziano , Schneider Donald , Vivek M , Zarrouk Pauline , Zhao Cheng , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We measure the clustering of quasars of the final data release (DR16) of eBOSS. The sample contains $343\, 708$ quasars between redshifts 0.8 ≤ z ≤ 2.2 over $4699\, \mathrm{deg}^2$. We calculate the Legendre multipoles (0,2,4) of the anisotropic power spectrum and perform a BAO and a Full-Shape (FS) analysis at the effective redshift zeff = 1.480. The errors include systematic errors that amount to 1/3 of the statistical error. The systematic errors comprise a modelling part studied using a blind N-body mock challenge and observational effects studied with approximate mocks to account for various types of redshift smearing and fibre collisions. For the BAO analysis, we measure the transverse comoving distance DM(zeff)/rdrag = 30.60 ± 0.90 and the Hubble distance DH(zeff)/rdrag = 13.34 ± 0.60. This agrees with the configuration space analysis, and the consensus yields: DM(zeff)/rdrag = 30.69 ± 0.80 and DH(zeff)/rdrag = 13.26 ± 0.55. In the FS analysis, we fit the power spectrum using a model based on Regularised Perturbation Theory, which includes redshift space distortions and the Alcock–Paczynski effect. The results are DM(zeff)/rdrag = 30.68 ± 0.90 and DH(zeff)/rdrag = 13.52 ± 0.51 and we constrain the linear growth rate of structure f(zeff)σ8(zeff) = 0.476 ± 0.047. Our results agree with the configuration space analysis. The consensus analysis of the eBOSS quasar sample yields: DM(zeff)/rdrag = 30.21 ± 0.79, DH(zeff)/rdrag = 3.23 ± 0.47, and f(zeff)σ8(zeff) = 0.462 ± 0.045 and is consistent with a flat ΛCDM cosmological model using Planck results.
SkyMapper colours of Seyfert galaxies and Changing-Look AGN
Authors: Wolf Christian , Golding Jacob , Hon Wei Jeat , Onken Christopher A 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the utility of broad-band colours in the SkyMapper Southern Survey for selecting Seyfert galaxies at low luminosity. We find that the u − v index, built from the ultraviolet u and violet v filters, separates normal galaxies, starburst galaxies, and type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This u − v index is not sensitive to age or metallicity in a stellar population but is instead a quenching-and-bursting indicator in galaxies and detects power-law continua in type-1 AGNs. Using over 25 000 galaxies at z &lt; 0.1 from 6dFGS, we find a selection cut based on u − v and central u band brightness that identifies type-1 AGNs. By eyeballing 6dFGS spectra we classify new Seyfert galaxies of type 1 to 1.8. Our sample includes eight known Changing-Look AGNs (CLAGNs), two of which show such strong variability that they move across the selection cut during the 5 yr of SkyMapper observations in DR3, along mixing sequences of nuclear and host galaxy light. We identify 46 CLAGN candidates in our sample, one of which has been reported as a Type IIn supernova. We show that this transient persists for at least 5 yr and marks a flare in a Seyfert-1 period of a new CLAGN.
Data science and precision health care
Authors: Imoto Seiya , Hasegawa Takanori , Yamaguchi Rui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Precision health care plays a crucial role in an elderly society by providing personalized health care plans for improving an individual’s health conditions and preventing disease. To realize precision health care, data science is key; it allows for analyses of health-related big data. In this article, an actual analysis of time-series health check-up data is presented and as is a discussion of how personalized simulation models of health conditions are constructed and used to modify individual behavior. Future directions for precision health care based on the integration of genetic variations and the microbiome are also discussed.
Self-Reported Disability in Persons With HIV-Related Neuropathy Is Mediated by Pain Interference and Depression
Authors: Kietrys David M , Parrott James Scott , Galantino Mary Lou , Davis Tracy , Levin Todd , O’Brien Kelly K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare disability in people with HIV and peripheral neuropathy with those without neuropathy and explore how neuropathy and other relevant factors are associated with disability.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, participants completed the Brief pain inventory, Beck Depression Inventory II, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), and a health and demographic questionnaire. Additional data were extracted from the medical record. A raw score of ≥1 on the Subjective Peripheral Neuropathy Screen questions about lower extremity numbness or paresthesia was used to identify peripheral neuropathy. Predictors of disability (as determined by association with World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 scores) were evaluated bivariately and in a multivariable model. Path modeling was used to identify a parsimonious model to elucidate the mediated effects of peripheral neuropathy on disability.ResultsParticipants with peripheral neuropathy had more depression symptoms, more pain (severity and interference), and higher disability scores compared with participants without neuropathy. The relationship between neuropathy and disability was mediated by pain interference and depression (standardized root mean residual = .056).ConclusionIn this sample of people with HIV, those with lower extremity peripheral neuropathy reported more severe disability, worse pain, and more depression symptoms than those without neuropathy. The relationship between peripheral neuropathy and disability may be mediated though pain interference and depression.ImpactDistal sensory polyneuropathy is a common comorbidity experienced by people living with HIV and frequently causes pain. This study can help providers direct care toward lessening disability experienced among people with HIV and peripheral neuropathy by targeting interventions for treatment of pain and depression.Lay SummaryPeople living with HIV may experience disabling painful neuropathy. Treatment for pain and depression may help reduce the disability associated with painful neuropathy.
Housing, Mortgages, and Self-Control
Authors: Schlafmann Kathrin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Using a quantitative theoretical framework this paper analyzes how problems of self-control influence housing and mortgage decisions. The results show that people with stronger problems of self-control are less likely to become homeowners, even though houses serve as commitment for saving. The paper then investigates the welfare effects of regulating mortgage products if people differ in their degree of self-control. Holding house prices fixed, higher down payment requirements and restrictions on refinancing turn out to be beneficial to people with sufficiently strong problems of self-control, even though these policies restrict access to the commitment device.
Active support after natural disasters: a review of a microbiologist's role
Authors: Viswanathan Rajlakshmi , Chakrabarty Alok , Basu Sulagna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the aftermath of a natural disaster, multispecialty rapid response teams are deployed to support health-related relief work. Microbiologists are often part of such teams, along with public health specialists, clinicians and entomologists, and can contribute to the response in multiple ways. The role of a microbiologist is critical not only for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases, but also for situational analysis and evaluation, planning, prevention and control. The task begins with risk assessment, specifically for identification of diseases epidemic and endemic to the area. Evaluation of existing laboratory setups and establishment of services where none exist is a priority, including facilitation of a tiered laboratory system. Training of laboratory staff at short notice in field settings, biosafety and biomedical waste management are niche areas where microbiologists can contribute. Emerging focus areas include establishment of modular laboratories, infection prevention and control in community evacuation centres and considerations for reopening of healthcare facilities closed due to extensive natural damage. A trained and efficient microbiologist will prove a valuable asset to provide timely and useful support for infectious disease diagnosis, prevention, control and management in the wake of natural disasters.
Dengue awareness, preventive behaviours andAedesbreeding opportunities among slums and slum-like pockets in Delhi, India: a formative assessment
Authors: Kusuma Yadlapalli S , Goswami Anil K , Babu Bontha V 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndia is endemic for dengue. The present formative study reports awareness and practices of people regarding dengue and its prevention, personal protection behaviours and peoples’ exposure to dengue-related health promotion activities.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of 1194 households randomly selected from 20 slum clusters in Delhi. Data were collected from an adult member of the household through an interviewer-administered, pre-tested questionnaire. An observation checklist was used to identify potential breeding sources.ResultsPeople were aware that dengue is transmitted through mosquitoes and sources of breeding (clean, stagnant water -60.1%, domestic water containers -18.7%, coolers -15.0%). Each house had at least one potential source of mosquito breeding. Using mosquito repellents (83.3%) was the most common personal protection behaviour. Peoples’ participation is limited in the mosquito prevention and health promotion activities carried out by the local municipality. Still, participation resulted in positive behavioural change.ConclusionsWhile people were aware of dengue transmission, preventive measures against mosquito breeding were not satisfactory. People could not relate their existing knowledge on dengue to their household surroundings, and their awareness had not been translated to behavioural change. Community participation is limited, but is significant in the prevention and control of dengue.
The Effect of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid’s Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Quality Reporting Program on the Use of Restraint and Seclusion
Authors: Shields Morgan C. , Busch Alisa B. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Patients in inpatient psychiatry settings are uniquely vulnerable to harm. As sources of harm, research and policy efforts have specifically focused on minimizing and eliminating restraint and seclusion. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid’s Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Quality Reporting (IPFQR) program attempts to systematically measure and reduce restraint and seclusion. We evaluated facilities’ response to the IPFQR program and differences by ownership, hypothesizing that facilities reporting these measures for the first time will show a greater reduction and that ownership will moderate this effect.

Methods:
Using a difference-in-differences design and exploiting variation among facilities that previously reported on these measures to The Joint Commission, we examined the effect of the IPFQR public reporting program on the use and duration of restraint and seclusion from the end of 2012 through 2017.

Results:
There were a total of 9705 observations of facilities among 1841 unique facilities. Results suggest the IPFQR program reduced duration of restraint by 48.96% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 16.69%–68.73%] and seclusion by 53.54% (95% CI, 19.71%–73.12%). There was no change in odds of zero restraint and, among for-profits only, a decrease of 36.89% (95% CI, 9.32%–56.07%) in the odds of zero seclusion.

Conclusions:
This is the first examination of the effect of the IPFQR program on restraint and seclusion, suggesting the program was successful in reducing their use. We did not find support for ownership moderating this effect. Additional research is needed to understand mechanisms of response and the impact of the program on nontargeted aspects of quality.