bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference intervals for venous blood gas measurement in adults
Authors: Ress Kirsty L. , Koerbin Gus , Li Ling , Chesher Douglas , Bwititi Phillip , Horvath Andrea R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Venous blood gas (VBG) analysis is becoming a popular alternative to arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis due to reduced risk of complications at phlebotomy and ease of draw. In lack of published data, this study aimed to establish reference intervals (RI) for correct interpretation of VBG results.

Methods
One hundred and 51 adult volunteers (101 females, 50 males, 18–70 years) were enrolled after completion of a health questionnaire. Venous blood was drawn into safePICO syringes and analysed on ABL827 blood gas analyser (Radiometer Pacific Pty. Ltd.). A non-parametric approach was used to directly establish the VBG RI which was compared to a calculated VBG RI based on a meta-analysis of differences between ABG and VBG

Results
After exclusions, 134 results were used to derive VBG RI: pH 7.30–7.43, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) 38–58 mmHg, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) 19–65 mmHg, bicarbonate (HCO3−) 22–30 mmol/L, sodium 135–143 mmol/L, potassium 3.6–4.5 mmol/L, chloride 101–110 mmol/L, ionised calcium 1.14–1.29 mmol/L, lactate 0.4–2.2 mmol/L, base excess (BE) −1.9–4.5 mmol/L, saturated oxygen (sO2) 23–93%, carboxyhaemoglobin 0.4–1.4% and methaemoglobin 0.3–0.9%. The meta-analysis revealed differences between ABG and VBG for pH, HCO3−, pCO2 and pO2 of 0.032, −1.0 mmol/L, −4.2 and 39.9 mmHg, respectively. Using this data along with established ABG RI, calculated VBG RI of pH 7.32–7.42, HCO3− 23 – 27 mmol/L, pCO2 36–49 mmHg (female), pCO2 39–52 mmHg (male) and pO2 43–68 mmHg were formulated and compared to the VBG RI of this study.

Conclusions
An adult reference interval has been established to assist interpretation of VBG results.
Corrosion study of copper in aqueous sulfuric acid solution in the presence of (2E,5E)-2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone and (2E,5E)-bis[(4-dimethylamino)benzylidene]cyclopentanone: Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Thaçi Veprim , Hoti Ramiz , Berisha Avni , Bogdanov Jane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of copper in 0.1 M aqueous sulfuric acid medium has been studied using potentiodynamic polarization measurements, quantum chemical calculations, and molecular dynamic simulations in the presence and absence of (2E,5E)-2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone (M1) and (2E,5E)-bis[(4-dimethylamino)benzylidene]cyclopentanone (M2). The compounds were freshly prepared in high yields via the Claisen–Schmidt reaction between the cyclopentanone and the corresponding aryl aldehyde. The results from the potentiodynamic measurements imply thatM1andM2act as mixed inhibitors due to their adsorption on the copper surface. The more pronounced corrosion inhibition performance of theM2molecule in comparison toM1was related to the fact that this molecule contains two basic nitrogen atoms (in 4-dimethylamino group).
Applying Machine Learning Techniques for Performing Comparative Opinion Mining
Authors: Younis Umair , Asghar Muhammad Zubair , Khan Adil , Khan Alamsher , Iqbal Javed , Jillani Nosheen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent times, comparative opinion mining applications have attracted both individuals and business organizations to compare the strengths and weakness of products. Prior works on comparative opinion mining have focused on applying a single classifier, limited comparative opinion labels, and limited dataset of product reviews, resulting in degraded performance for classifying comparative reviews. In this work, we perform multi-class comparative opinion mining by applying multiple machine learning classifiers using an increased number of comparative opinion labels (9 classes) on 4 datasets of comparative product reviews. The experimental results show that Random Forest classifier has outperformed the comparing algorithms in terms of improved accuracy, precision, recall and f-measure.
On methods to reduce spurious currents within VOF solver frameworks. Part 1: a review of the static bubble/droplet
Authors: Inguva Venkatesh , Schulz Andreas , Kenig Eugeny Y. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In two-phase flows in which the Capillary number is low, errors in the computation of the surface tension force at the interface cause Front-Capturing methods such as Volume of Fluid (VOF) and Level-Set (LS) to develop interfacial spurious currents. To better solve low Capillary number flows, special treatment is required to reduce such spurious currents. Smoothing the phase indicator field to more accurately compute the curvature or adding interfacial artificial viscosity are techniques that can treat this problem. This study explores OpenFOAM, Fluent and StarCCM+ VOF solvers for the classical case of a static bubble/droplet immersed in a continuous aqueous phase, with the focus on the ability of these solvers to adequately reduce spurious currents. The results are expected to be helpful for practicing chemical engineers who use multiphase CFD solvers in their work.
Prenatal diagnosis of Kleefstra syndrome
Authors: Hatjis Christos G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the prenatal diagnosis of Kleefstra syndrome (KS), a rare panethnic disorder characterized by mental and developmental delays, distinct facial features, congenital heart and urogenital defects, among others. KS is caused by haploinsusufficiency and loss of function of euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) due to deletions or mutations in the chromosomal region 9q34.3.

Case presentation
The prenatal diagnosis of KS in this case report includes the description of subtle fetal phenotypic abnormalities detected by the fetal ultrasound examination as well as the results of the amniotic fluid microarray analysis that confirmed a fetal denovo deletion in the chromosomal region 9q34.3. These results confirmed the prenatal diagnosis of KS.

Conclusions
This case is noteworthy because of the late development of very subtle ultrasound abnormalities that triggered prenatal diagnostic studies in amniotic fluid cells, including SNP microarray analysis, that defined the diagnosis of KS. It allowed us to obtain the necessary antepartum consultations with neonatology, other pediatric subspecialties and arrange for the patient’s appropriate place of delivery to optimize the fetal and neonatal outcome.
User’s determination of a proper method for quantifying fuel consumption of a passenger car with compression ignition engine in specific operation conditions
Authors: Skrúcaný Tomáš , Stopková Mária , Stopka Ondrej , Kalašová Alica , Ovčiarik Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present research concerns itself with measuring and evaluating fuel consumption of compression ignition engine in passenger cars by a variety of methods and in different operating modes. The main objective is to compare different procedures for the cars’ fuel consumption experimental investigation in the point of view of their accuracy. The measurements were carried out on Citroen Berlingo motor vehicle. The very research is focused on implementing and evaluating the discussed consumption by three different methods, namely calculation from consumed fuel volume measured on fuel station flowmeter (pump stand), recording the data from an on-board computer and obtaining data from a specific application. Given that a certain driving style has a significant impact on fuel consumption, particular examinations were conducted in three operating modes, where the very journeys were made in order to measure the consumption in relation to an economic, a regular and a dynamic driving style. The vehicle being tested was driven on four specified routes that varied in their length, maximum permitted velocity on individual sections and number of intersections, or a citymotorway ratio. To this end, the experimental research resulted in putting toward recommendations and procedures, including appropriate methods, to ensure reliability of fuel consumption measurements with respect to the diverse operating modes of passenger cars.
Application of statistical analysis, Deng’s relevancy and BP neural network for predicting molten iron sulfur in COREX process
Authors: Zhou Heng , Tang Zhiyong , Wen Bingjie , Wang Shuyu , Yang Jiahui , Kou Mingyin , Wu Shengli , E Dianyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe high and fluctuation property of sulfur content in hot metal (HM) is a prominent problem in COREX process. The precise prediction of sulfur content in HM of COREX can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for stabilizing and reducing the sulfur content in HM. In this work, a three-layer back propagation (BP) neural network was developed to predict the sulfur content in HM of COREX. The main affecting factors regarded as input parameters of the model are determined by the statistical analysis, and the hysteretic heats corresponding to each input parameters are analyzed by calculating the Deng’s correlation degree. The final structure of the BP neural network model is 20-37-1. The results show that when the error of BP neural network model for predicting sulfur content in HM of COREX is ±0.1%, the hit rate is 86.7%. In order to further improve the prediction accuracy of the model, the time series process method is adopted to update the training samples in real time and optimize the model. When the prediction error of the improved model is ±0.1%, the hit rate increases to 96.7%. The improved BP model can provide technical guidance for judging the change of sulfur content in HM and subsequent operations.
Algorithms for solving scattering problems for the Manakov model of nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Frumin Leonid L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We introduce numerical algorithms for solving the inverse and direct scattering problems for the Manakov model of vector nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
We have found an algebraic group of 4-block matrices with off-diagonal blocks consisting of special vector-like matrices for generalizing the scalar problem’s efficient numerical algorithms to the vector case.
The inversion of block matrices of the discretized system of Gelfand–Levitan–Marchenko integral equations solves the inverse scattering problem using the vector variant the Toeplitz Inner Bordering algorithm of Levinson’s type.
The reversal of steps of the inverse problem algorithm gives the solution of the direct scattering problem.
Numerical tests confirm the proposed vector algorithms’ efficiency and stability.
We also present an example of the algorithms’ application to simulate the Manakov vector solitons’ collision.
The circulant hash revisited
Authors: Araujo Filipe , Neves Samuel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAt ProvSec 2013, Minematsu presented the circulant hash, an almost-xor universal hash using only the xor and rotation operations. The circulant hash is a variant of Carter and Wegman’sH3hash as well as Krawczyk’s Toeplitz hash, both of which are hashes based on matrix-vector multiplication over 𝔽2. In this paper we revisit the circulant hash and reinterpret it as a multiplication in the polynomial ring 𝔽2[x]/(xn+ 1). This leads to simpler proofs, faster implementations in modern computer chips, and newer variants with practical implementation advantages.
Attack on Kayawood protocol: uncloaking private keys
Authors: Kotov Matvei , Menshov Anton , Ushakov Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We analyze security properties of a two-party key-agreement protocol recently proposed by I. Anshel, D. Atkins, D. Goldfeld, and P. Gunnels, called Kayawood protocol. At the core of the protocol is an action (called E-multiplication) of a braid group on some finite set. The protocol assigns a secret element of a braid group to each party (private key). To disguise those elements, the protocol uses a so-called cloaking method that multiplies private keys on the left and on the right by specially designed elements (stabilizers for E-multiplication).
We present a heuristic algorithm that allows a passive eavesdropper to recover Alice’s private key by removing cloaking elements. Our attack has 100% success rate on randomly generated instances of the protocol for the originally proposed parameter values and for recent proposals that suggest to insert many cloaking elements at random positions of the private key. Implementation of the attack is available on GitHub.
The cumulative impact of parity on the body mass index (BMI) in a non-selected Lower Saxony population
Authors: Brodowski Lars , Rochow Niels , Yousuf Efrah I. , Kohls Fabian , von Kaisenberg Constantin S. , Schild Ralf L. , Berlage Silvia , Hagenah Hans Peter , Voigt Manfred 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesDuring the last decade obesity has been continuously rising in adults in industrial countries. The increased occurrence of perinatal complications caused by maternal obesity poses a major challenge for obstetricians during pregnancy and childbirth. This study aims to examine the association between parity, pregnancy, birth risks, and body mass index (BMI) of women from Lower Saxony, Germany.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined pseudonymized data of a non-selected singleton cohort from Lower Saxony’s statewide quality assurance initiative. Mothers were categorized according to BMI as normal weight (18.5 to <25 kg/m2) or obese (≥30 kg/m2).ResultsMost of the mothers in this study population were either in their first (33.9%) or second pregnancy (43.4%). The mean age of women giving birth for the first time was 28.3 years. Maternal age increased with increasing parity. The proportion of pregnant women with a BMI over 30 was 11% in primiparous women, 14.3% in second para, 17.3% in third para and 24.1% in fourth para or more women. Increasing parity was positively correlated with the incidence of classical diseases related to obesity, namely diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, hypertension, pregnancy-related hypertension and urinary protein excretion. An increased risk of primary or secondary cesarean section was observed in the obese women, particularly during the first deliveries.ConclusionsThere is a positive and significant correlation between parity and increased maternal BMI. The highest weight gain happens during the first pregnancy. The rate of operative deliveries and complications during delivery is increased in obese pregnant women.
Dynamics of a diffusive delayed competition and cooperation system
Authors: Wei Zhangzhi , Zhang Xin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this manuscript, we first consider the diffusive competition and cooperation system subject to Neumann boundary conditions without delay terms and get the conclusion that the unique positive constant equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable. Then, we study the diffusive delayed competition and cooperation system subject to Neumann boundary conditions, and the existence of Hopf bifurcation at the positive equilibrium is obtained by regarding delay term as the parameter. By the theory of center manifold and normal form, an algorithm for determining the direction and stability of Hopf bifurcation is derived. Finally, some numerical simulations and summarizations are carried out for illustrating the theoretical analytic results.
A standard form in (some) free fields: How to construct minimal linear representations
Authors: Schrempf Konrad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe describe a standard form for the elements in the universal field of fractions of free associative algebras (over acommutativefield). It is a special version of the normal form provided by Cohn and Reutenauer and enables the use of linear algebra techniques for the construction of minimal linear representations (in standard form) for the sum and the product of two elements (given in a standard form). This completes “minimal” arithmetic in free fields since “minimal” constructions for the inverse are already known. The applications are wide: linear algebra (over the free field), rational identities, computing the left gcd of two non-commutative polynomials, etc.
Random walk on ellipsoids method for solving elliptic and parabolic equations
Authors: Shalimova Irina , Sabelfeld Karl K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A Random Walk on Ellipsoids (RWE) algorithm is developed for solving
a general class of elliptic equations involving second- and zero-order derivatives. Starting with elliptic equations with constant coefficients,
we derive an integral equation which relates the solution in the center of an ellipsoid with the integral of the solution over an ellipsoid defined by the structure of the coefficients of the original differential equation. This integral relation is extended to parabolic equations where
a first passage time distribution and survival probability are given in explicit forms.
We suggest an efficient simulation method which implements the RWE algorithm by introducing
a notion of a separation sphere. We prove that the logarithmic behavior of the mean number of steps for the RWS method remains true for the RWE algorithm.
Finally we show how the developed RWE algorithm can be applied to solve elliptic and parabolic
equations with variable coefficients. A series of supporting computer simulations are given.
Die mit Mittelstreckenraketen ausgerüsteten Streitkräfte der UdSSR: Etappen ihrer historischen Entwicklung und Erlangung der Gefechtsbereitschaft
Authors: Jasakov Aleksandr 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der historischen Entwicklung der mit Mittelstreckenraketen ausgerüsteten Einheiten der Strategischen Raketentruppen der UdSSR zwischen 1956 und 1991. Damit soll deutlich gemacht werden, dass zu dieser Teilstreitkraft der Sowjetarmee nicht nur die Interkontinentalraketen gehörten, sondern auch die Fernlenkwaffen mittlerer Reichweite eine wichtige Rolle spielten, da mit ihnen gleichfalls strategische Fragen gelöst werden konnten, die für die Umsetzung der sowjetischen Nuklearwaffenstrategie von entscheidender Bedeutung waren. Zudem wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Konzepte die Militärführung der Sowjetarmee beim Aufbau der Mittelstreckenraketen-Einheiten verfolgte und warum es wichtig war, von Anfang an auf eine rasche Entfaltung und hohe Gefechtsbereitschaft dieser Truppenteile bereits auch in Friedenszeiten zu setzen. Ferner wird skizziert, wie die politische Führung versuchte, die noch junge Waffengattung zur Lösung außenpolitischer Fragen einzusetzen und welche Rückwirkungen dies auf die Kampf- und Einsatzbereitschaft der Raketentruppen hatte.
Pseudo-Lucian’s Cnidian Aphrodite: A Statue of Flesh, Stone, and Words
Authors: Bottenberg Laura 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse a literary response to antiquity’s most alluring work of art, the Cnidian Aphrodite. It argues that the ecphrasis of the statue in theAmoresdevelops textual and verbal strategies to provoke in the recipients the desire to see the Cnidia, but eventually frustrates this desire. The ecphrasis thereby creates a discrepancy between the characters’ aesthetic experience of the statue and the visualisation and aesthetic experience of the recipients of the text. The erotic mechanisms of the ecphrasis, simultaneously arousing and frustrating the recipients’ desire, mirror the effect of the statue on its viewers and disclose the erotic programmatics of the whole dialogue. The analysis shows that theAmoressurpass the ongoing discourse on love from Plato’sPhaedrusto the ancient novel – and Achilles Tatius and Longus in particular. TheAmores, like the nude statue of the Cnidia, threaten to cross all bounds of decency in sexuality.
The Socio-Economic Impact of Raiding on the Eastern and Balkan Borderlands of the Eastern Roman Empire, 502 – 602
Authors: Sarantis Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper compares the socio-economic impact of warfare on two frontier zones of the sixth-century eastern Roman empire: the central and northern Balkans; and the northern Syrian-Mesopotamian and Armenian borderlands in the East. The theme of war damage is central to historical and archaeological work on the Balkans but plays a comparatively marginal role in research on the East. And yet the eastern provinces were affected by more intensive raiding by larger armies, and at least as regularly as the Balkans. Much of the difference in perception is related to contemporary sources’ exaggerated coverage of ‘barbarian’ raiding on the Balkans, a region traditionally viewed as a neglected backwater by authors such as Procopius. Conversely, such sources portray warfare with the Sassanid Persians in the East through a ‘classicising’ lens, describing at greater length generals’ speeches, battles, campaigns and sieges. Another reason for the disparity in modern discussions of the two regions is the socio-economic recession in the northern Balkans toward the end of the sixth century. This can be at least indirectly linked to the effects of warfare between the empire and the Avar Khaganate and Slavic groups. Recovery from the devastation caused by these groups’ invasions could no longer be funded by the imperial authorities, who, by this stage, were struggling to finance wars on multiple fronts and were feeling the fiscal effects of repeated bouts of bubonic plague. Despite also suffering from this absence of central investment, eastern societies and economies enjoyed a greater degree of continuity in the final decades of the sixth century. This was because non-imperial sources of agricultural and commercial wealth in these areas encouraged elites to invest in recovery projects. Local elites’ and wider populations’ deep-rooted feelings of cultural, linguistic and religious attachment also played a role in their survival. These economic and cultural ties can in part be explained by the fact that, unlike the Balkans, these eastern provinces had enjoyed a long period of peace and stability in the fourth and fifth centuries.