bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing design for selective laser melting in aerospace industry☆
Authors: Stolt Roland , Elgh Fredrik 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The selective laser melting (SLM) process has created new possibilities for the manufacture of new lightweight jet engine components with lattice structures replacing solid sections. Hopes are to reduce the density of the component and thereby saving weight. To introduce the new manufacturing process, the components need to be redesigned and verified to comply with an array of requirements concerning, for example, strength, aerodynamics, and manufacturing. To find out how a capability of designing and evaluating components for the SLM process can be built into an organization, an interview investigation has been conducted at an aerospace company finding the state of practice in technology and product development. The impact of introducing SLM is thereafter estimated. The result is that introducing a novel manufacturing process will primarily influence the methods used to predict product lifecycle performance. An important finding is that it is currently difficult to include a topology optimization step in the multiobjective design evaluation environment used at the company due to which the complexity would increase significantly.
Adherence Barriers for Adolescent and Young Adult Transplant Recipients: Relations to Personality
Authors: Quast Lauren F , Gutiérrez-Colina Ana M , Cushman Grace K , Rea Kelly E , Eaton Cyd K , Lee Jennifer L , George Roshan P , Blount Ronald L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Much of the extant literature on adherence barriers has focused on modifiable factors (e.g., knowledge, social support); however, less is known about how barriers may be associated with relatively stable constructs, such as personality traits. The current study examines associations between personality (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism) and adherence barriers in a group of adolescent and young adult (AYA) solid organ transplant recipients. Demonstrating associations between barriers and personality may help in understanding why barriers are stable over time. Additionally, different personality traits may relate to different types of barriers.

Methods
The sample included 90 AYAs (Mage = 17.31; SD = 2.05; 58% male) who received a kidney (n = 36), liver (n = 29), or heart (n = 25) transplant at least 1 year prior to study enrollment. AYAs completed the Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism scales from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and the Adolescent Medication Barriers Scale (AMBS).

Results
Lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness and higher levels of neuroticism were related to higher self-reported barrier scores (AMBS; r’s = .31– .53, p’s &lt; .001). The relations differed by personality factor and barrier type.

Conclusion
Adherence barriers showed medium to large associations with personality traits that are known to be relatively stable. Our findings indicate that the temporal stability of barriers to adherence may be due in part to their association with relatively enduring personality characteristics.
Quantification by Ultrafiltration and Immunofixation Electrophoresis Testing for Monoclonal Serum Free Light Chains
Authors: Singh Gurmukh , Bollag Roni 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Measurement of monoclonal immunoglobulins is a reliable estimate of the plasma cell tumor mass. About 15% of plasma cell myelomas secrete light chains only. The concentration of serum free light chains is insufficient evidence of the monoclonal light chain burden. A sensitive quantitative estimate of serum free monoclonal light chains could be useful for monitoring patients with light chain myeloma. We describe such an assay that does not require mass-spectrometry equipment or expertise.

Methods
Serum specimens from patients with known light chain myelomas and controls were subjected to ultrafiltration through a membrane with pore size of 50 kDa. The filtrate was concentrated and tested by immunofixation electrophoresis. The relative area under the monoclonal peak, compared to that of the total involved light chain composition, was estimated by densitometric scanning of immunofixation gels. The proportion of the area occupied by the monoclonal peak in representative densitometric scans was used to arrive at the total serum concentration of the monoclonal serum free light chains.

Results
Using an ultracentrifugation and concentration process, monoclonal serum free light chains were detectable, along with polyclonal light chains, in all 10 patients with active light chain myelomas. Monoclonal light chains were identified in serum specimens that did not reveal monoclonal light chains by conventional immunofixation electrophoresis. The limit of detection by this method was 1.0 mg/L of monoclonal serum free light chains.

Conclusion
The method described here is simple enough to be implemented in academic medical center clinical laboratories and does not require special reagents, equipment, or expertise. Even though urine examination is the preferred method for the diagnosis of light chain plasma cell myelomas, measurement of the concentration of serum free light chains provides a convenient, albeit inadequate, way to monitor the course of disease. The method described here allows effective electrophoretic differentiation of monoclonal serum free light chain from polyclonal serum free light chains and provides a quantitation of the monoclonal serum free light chains in monitoring light chain monoclonal gammopathies.
Responsiveness and the Role of Rights in Medical Law: Lessons from Montgomery†
Authors: Arvind T T , McMahon Aisling M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Over time, medical law has moved away from paternalism in favour of an approach grounded in patients’ rights. Using Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board (2015) as a case study, we offer a deeper analysis of this emerging approach. We argue that patients’ rights should be evaluated in terms of their contribution to making medical law more socially responsive, by developing it to give effect to social needs and aspirations pertaining to health care. Although rights can play an important role in achieving social responsiveness, they also carry the risk of entrenching approaches unrepresentative of patients’ actual needs and empirical realities. This is evident in Montgomery, where the law, despite being derived from General Medical Council (GMC) guidance, has effects that differ significantly from the GMC’s goals. Drawing on socio-legal literature, we outline a new approach for guiding the use of rights in medical law focused on the functional consequences of rights in facilitating patients’ aspirations, and the capacity of rights to respond to social and institutional contexts in which medical interaction occurs. We conclude by showing how this approach, applied to informed consent, would produce a different and arguably a superior duty, providing a sounder basis for responding to patient needs.
NP213 (Novexatin®): A unique therapy candidate for onychomycosis with a differentiated safety and efficacy profile
Authors: Mercer Derry K , Robertson Jennifer C , Miller Lorna , Stewart Colin S , O'Neil Deborah A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNP213 (Novexatin®) is a novel antifungal peptide specifically designed for the topical treatment of onychomycosis. NP213 was designed using host defense peptides (HDP), essential components of the innate immune response to infection, as a template. NP213 is a water-soluble cyclic fungicidal peptide that effectively penetrates human nail. NP213 demonstrated a promising preclinical and clinical safety profile, with no evidence of systemic exposure following topical application to the skin and nails. NP213 was efficacious in two phase IIa human trials with 43.3% of patients having no fungi detectable by culture of fragments from NP213-treated nails after 180 days in the first study and likewise 56.5% of patients were culture negative for dermatophytes after 360 days in the second phase IIa study. In both trials, NP213 was applied daily for only 28 days in marked contrast to other topical onychomycosis treatments that require application for up to 52 weeks. Patient reported outcomes from the phase IIa studies were positive with participants recording an improved appearance of their nails after only 14 days of application. All fungi identified in these studies were Trichophyton spp. NP213 (Novexatin®) is a promising, highly differentiated peptide-based candidate for the topical treatment of onychomycosis, addressing the infectious cause and cosmetic issues of this very common condition.
Prospects for γ-ray observations of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array – II. γ–γ absorption in the broad-line region radiation fields
Authors: Romano P , Böttcher M , Foschini L , Boisson C , Vercellone S , Landoni M 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 (γ-NLS1) galaxies possibly harbour relatively low-mass black holes (106–108 M⊙) accreting close to the Eddington limit, and share many characteristics with their sibling sources, flat-spectrum radio quasars. Although they have been detected in the MeV–GeV band with Fermi–LAT, they have never been seen in the very high energy band with current imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). Thus, they are key targets for the next-generation IACT, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). In a previous work we selected, by means of extensive simulations, the best candidates for a prospective CTA detection (SBS 0846+513, PMN J0948+0022, and PKS 1502+036) taking into account the effects of both the intrinsic absorption (approximated with a cut-off at 30 GeV), and the extragalactic background light on the propagation of γ-rays. In this work, we simulate the spectra of these three sources by adopting more realistic broad-line region (BLR) absorption models. In particular, we consider the detailed treatment of γ–γ absorption in the radiation fields of the BLR as a function of the location of the γ-ray emission region with parameters inferred from observational constraints. We find that, due to the energy range extent and its sensitivity, CTA is particularly well suited to locate the γ-ray emitting region in γ-NLS1. In particular CTA will be able not only to distinguish whether the γ-ray emitting region is located inside or outside the BLR, but also where inside the BLR it may be.
Spinal Arteriovenous Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) have been categorized on the basis of the Anson and Spetzler classification into 4 types. Type I is the most common type and describes an abnormal connection between a radicular artery at the nerve root sleeve and an intradural draining vein. This communication results in progressive dilatation and mass effect from the draining vein experiencing arterial pressures without intervening arterioles. In this patient, preoperative angiography showed a type I dural AVF. A laminoplasty was performed to provide dural exposure, and a midline durotomy was performed. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography was used to visualize flow within the fistula. This dorsal dural AVF demonstrated the characteristic slow venous flow. Pressure recordings were obtained and confirmed the elevated venous pressure observed in these lesions. Bipolar coagulation of the fistulous point was performed, and the vessel was removed at the site of the root entry zone to permit pathologic confirmation of the arteriovenous interface. Intraoperative ICG angiography findings confirmed disconnection. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Contrasting Old and Young Volcanism from Aitutaki, Cook Islands: Implications for the Origins of the Cook–Austral Volcanic Chain
Authors: Jackson M G , Halldórsson S A , Price A , Kurz M D , Konter J G , Koppers A A P , Day J M D 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Cook–Austral volcanic lineament is thought to be the product of three overlapping South Pacific hotspot tracks: Macdonald, Arago, and Rarotonga. However, the entire Rarotonga hotspot track consists of volcanism on just two islands, Rarotonga and Aitutaki, making it difficult to evaluate a hotspot origin for the young volcanism on these islands. We present new Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb–He isotopic and major and trace element data on Aitutaki—which has two periods of volcanism, older (9·39 Ma) and younger (1·382–1·941 Ma)—and Atiu in the Cook Islands to evaluate a hotspot origin. Like Atiu, the ‘older volcanic series’ at Aitutaki was tentatively linked with the Arago hotspot based on its age, but this link has never been tested with geochemistry. New geochemical data on the older Aitutaki volcanic series show clear affinities to the Arago hotspot volcano Atiu. In contrast, the younger Aitutaki volcanic series, erupted on a near-atoll, exhibits evidence for a rejuvenated, non-plume volcanic origin. If Rarotonga (1·157–1·697 Ma) and the young series at Aitutaki share a common heritage and mechanism for formation as previously proposed—they erupted only 260 km apart over an overlapping time period and exhibit overlapping radiogenic isotopic compositions—then Rarotonga lavas may also represent a subaerial rejuvenated volcanic stage capping an older volcano related to a different hotspot, consistent with no direct involvement from a mantle plume in the origin of subaerial lavas at Rarotonga. Rarotonga, Aitutaki, and Atiu exhibit some of the most extreme enriched mantle (EM) signatures in the Cook–Austral volcanic lineament. There are three geographically separated geochemical domains along the Cook–Austral volcanic lineament—a northern geochemical domain with EM geochemical signatures is separated from a southern EM domain by a 1000 km long central HIMU (‘high μ’, or high 238U/204Pb) domain—and Rarotonga, Aitutaki, and Atiu are part of the northernmost geochemical domain. There is a possible role for lithospheric thickness in controlling geochemical compositions of melt extracted from the mantle along the Cook–Austral volcanic lineament, particularly across the Austral Fracture Zone. However, this is complicated by the lineament’s juxtaposition with the South Pacific Superswell, which may modify lithospheric behavior and complicate a simple lithospheric thickness model describing variable hotspot volcano compositions in the region.
The (Null) Effects of Clickbait Headlines on Polarization, Trust, and Learning
Authors: Munger Kevin , Luca Mario , Nagler Jonathan , Tucker Joshua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract“Clickbait” headlines designed to entice people to click are frequently used by both legitimate and less-than-legitimate news sources. Contemporary clickbait headlines tend to use emotional partisan appeals, raising concerns about their impact on consumers of online news. This article reports the results of a pair of experiments with different sets of subject pools: one conducted using Facebook ads that explicitly target people with a high preference for clickbait, the other using a sample recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. We estimate subjects’ individual-level preference for clickbait, and randomly assign sets of subjects to read either clickbait or traditional headlines. Findings show that older people and non-Democrats have a higher “preference for clickbait,” but reading clickbait headlines does not drive affective polarization, information retention, or trust in media.
Circulating plasma metabolites and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in the Nurses’ Health Study
Authors: Chu Su H , Cui Jing , Sparks Jeffrey A , Lu Bing , Tedeschi Sara K , Speyer Cameron B , Moss LauraKay , Feser Marie L , Kelmenson Lindsay B , Mewshaw Elizabeth A , Edison Jess D , Deane Kevin D , Clish Clary , Lasky-Su Jessica , Karlson Elizabeth W , Costenbader Karen H 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesRA develops slowly over years. We tested for metabolic changes prior to RA onset using a large non-targeted metabolomics platform to identify novel pathways and advance understanding of RA development.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty-four incident RA cases with plasma samples drawn pre-RA onset in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) cohorts were matched 1:2 to 501 controls on age, race, menopause/post-menopausal hormone use and blood collection features. Relative abundances of 360 unique, known metabolites were measured. Conditional logistic regression analyses assessed associations between metabolites and incidence of RA, adjusted for age, smoking and BMI, accounting for multiple comparisons. Subgroup analyses investigated seropositive (sero+) RA and RA within 5 years of sample collection. Significant metabolites were then tested in a female military pre-RA case–control study (n = 290).ResultsIn the NHS, metabolites associated with RA and sero+RA in multivariable models included 4-acetamidobutanoate (odds ratio (OR) = 0.80/S.d., 95% CI: 0.66, 0.95), N-acetylputrescine (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.96), C5 carnitine (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.99) and C5:1 carnitine (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.95). These were involved primarily in polyamine and leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism. Several metabolites associated with sero+RA within 5 years of diagnosis were replicated in the independent military cohort: C5 carnitine (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.92), C5:1 carnitine (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.99) and C3 carnitine (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.91).ConclusionSeveral metabolites were inversely associated with incidence of RA among women. Three short-chain acylcarnitines replicated in a smaller dataset and may reflect inflammation in the 5-year period prior to sero+RA diagnosis.
Safety and efficacy of rituximab biosimilar (CT-P10) in systemic sclerosis: an Italian multicentre study
Authors: Campochiaro Corrado , De Luca Giacomo , Lazzaroni Maria Grazia , Zanatta Elisabetta , Bosello Silvia Laura , De Santis Maria , Cariddi Adriana , Bruni Cosimo , Selmi Carlo , Gremese Elisa , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Doria Andrea , Airò Paolo , Dagna Lorenzo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Recent data have shown a significant efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in SSc. An RTX biosimilar (RTX-B) is a more affordable option. We assessed the safety and efficacy of an RTX-B (CT-P10) in SSc.

Methods
SSc patients treated with RTX-B with at least 6 months of follow-up were retrospectively identified from six Italian referral centres. SSc patients naïve to RTX-B (RTX-Bn) or already treated with RTX originator and switched to an RTX-B (RTX-Bs) were evaluated. A comprehensive assessment of disease characteristics and organ involvement at baseline and after 6 months was obtained.

Results
Thirty-three SSc patients were selected: 29 (87.9%) females, mean age 51.6 years (s.d. 14.2), mean disease duration 9.8 years (s.d. 8.1); 21 (64.5%) with dcSSc, 20 (60.1%) anti-topoisomerase I, 7 (21.2%) anti-RNA polymerase III and 6 (18.2%) anti-centromere positive. Seventeen (51.5%) were RTX-Bn and 16 were on RTX-Bs (48.5%). RTX was introduced because of skin progression in 18 patients (54.5%), interstitial lung disease (ILD) worsening in 11 (33.3%) and arthritis in 12 (36.4%). All patients were previously treated with immunosuppressants. At RTX-B introduction, 21 (63.6%) patients were on concomitant immunosuppressants: 15 (71.4%) on MMF and 6 (28.6%) on MTX. Twenty-three (69.7%) were on low-dose steroids. After 6 months, a significant reduction of the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), 28-joint DAS and CRP was observed (P = 0.002, 0.005 and 0.008, respectively); the mRSS significantly improved both in RTX-Bn (P &lt; 0.024) and RTX-Bs patients (P &lt; 0.031). No significant changes were observed for lung function tests, either in the entire cohort or in the subgroup of ILD patients. Only one RTX-Bs patient experienced transient neutropenia.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that RTX-B can represent a cheaper option in SSc patients, as it is effective in improving skin and joint involvement and in stabilizing lung function.
Predictors of turnover intention among Norwegian nurses
Authors: Søbstad Jenni Hellesøv , Pallesen Ståle , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Costa Giovanni , Hystad Sigurd William 
Published: February 2020

Background
Shortage of nurses and instability in the nursing workforce due to turnover have become a global concern.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate whether symptoms of psychological distress mediated the impact of age, gender, workplace bullying, job satisfaction, and hardiness on turnover intention when controlling for living with children, marital status, percentage of full-time equivalent, and number of night shifts last year and whether the same variables (except full-time equivalent and number of night shifts last year) could predict real turnover.

Methods
In all, 1,246 nurses took part in a survey in 2008/2009 (T1) assessing symptoms of insomnia, sleepiness, anxiety, depression, fatigue, alcohol consumption, age, gender, workplace bullying, job satisfaction, and hardiness. Three years (T2) later they completed a survey assessing turnover intention, living with children, marital status, percentage of full-time equivalent, and number of night shift last year. A total of 99 nurses had left the nursing profession during this period.

Results
Workplace bulling was positively related to turnover intention, whereas job satisfaction and hardiness were negatively related to turnover intention. The impact of all three predictors was partly mediated by symptoms of insomnia and anxiety. Age was negatively whereas male gender was positively associated with turnover intention. These effects were partly mediated by harmful alcohol use. Nurses who were living with a partner at T2 and nurses with high scores on fatigue at T1 were more prone to leave the nursing profession during the study period compared to their counterparts.

Conclusion
Symptoms like insomnia, anxiety, and alcohol consumption may mediate the impact of working conditions and personality traits associated with turnover intention in nurses.

Practice Implications
Interventions aiming at counteracting bullying, improving job satisfaction, and alleviating fatigue may reduce turnover intention/turnover.
Incidental Detection of Hypothyroidism on 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Sood Apurva , Vadi Shelvin Kumar , Kumar Rajender , Singh Harmandeep , Mittal Bhagwant Rai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand PET/CT is a rapidly evolving imaging modality for prostate cancer. However, with the widespread use of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, various reports of nonprostatic uptake of 68Ga-PSMA in both benign and malignant lesions have also appeared. We report a recently diagnosed case of prostate cancer demonstrating diffuse 68Ga-PSMA expression in both the lobes of thyroid gland, which on further clinical and biochemical investigations was established as hypothyroidism.