bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Extrusion 3D Bioprinting: A Focus on Multicomponent Hydrogel‐Based Bioinks
Authors: Cui Xiaolin , Li Jun , Hartanto Yusak , Durham Mitchell , Tang Junnan , Zhang Hu , Hooper Gary , Lim Khoon , Woodfield Tim 
Published: April 2020

Abstract3D bioprinting involves the combination of 3D printing technologies with cells, growth factors and biomaterials, and has been considered as one of the most advanced tools for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). However, despite multiple breakthroughs, it is evident that numerous challenges need to be overcome before 3D bioprinting will eventually become a clinical solution for a variety of TERM applications. To produce a 3D structure that is biologically functional, cell‐laden bioinks must be optimized to meet certain key characteristics including rheological properties, physico‐mechanical properties, and biofunctionality; a difficult task for a single component bioink especially for extrusion based bioprinting. As such, more recent research has been centred on multicomponent bioinks consisting of a combination of two or more biomaterials to improve printability, shape fidelity and biofunctionality. In this article, multicomponent hydrogel‐based bioink systems are systemically reviewed based on the inherent nature of the bioink (natural or synthetic hydrogels), including the most current examples demonstrating properties and advances in application of multicomponent bioinks, specifically for extrusion based 3D bioprinting. This review article will assist researchers in the field in identifying the most suitable bioink based on their requirements, as well as pinpointing current unmet challenges in the field.
Osmosis‐Powered Hydrogel Microneedles for Microliters of Skin Interstitial Fluid Extraction within Minutes
Authors: Zheng Mengjia , Wang Zifeng , Chang Hao , Wang Lulu , Chew Sharon W. T. , Lio Daniel Chin Shiuan , Cui Mingyue , Liu Linbo , Tee Benjamin C. K. , Xu Chenjie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydrogel microneedle patch enables the extraction of skin interstitial fluid (ISF) through in situ swelling in a minimally invasive manner without assistance of mechano‐chemical peripherals. However, existing hydrogel microneedles require tens of minutes with multistep process to collect sufficient volume (1 mL) for effective analysis. This study introduces an osmolyte‐powered hydrogel microneedle patch that can extract ISF three times faster than the existing platforms and provide in situ analysis of extracted biomarkers. The microneedle patch is composed of osmolytes (i.e., maltose) and hydrogel (i.e., methacrylated hyaluronic acid). During the extraction process, the osmolytes dissolve in the matrix and provide the osmotic pressure that increases the diffusion of ISF from skin to the hydrogel matrix. A patch with 100 microneedles can extract 7.90 µL of ISF from pig skin ex vivo and 3.82 µL of ISF from mouse skin in vivo within 3 min, whereas the control (i.e., hydrogel microneedle without osmolytes) requires >10 min to achieve similar results. The extracted ISF allows the quantification of biomarkers such as glucose and/or drugs such as insulin in vivo. Through the integration with the electronic glucose sensors, the whole system permits the direct and rapid analysis of the extracted glucose.
Fabrication of MoSe2–Graphene Hybrid Nanoflakes for Toxic Gas Sensor with Tunable Sensitivity
Authors: Rathi Keerti , Pal Kaushik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, a selective chemi‐resistive gas sensor of molybdenum diselenide/graphene (MoSe2/G) nanoflakes (NF) that detects ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas at room temperature is successfully fabricated. The MoSe2/G NF based sensor shows good sensitivity (2.476 ppm−1) and selectivity to NO2 in comparison with some VOCs and toxic gases than MoSe2 NF (2.275 ppm−1). But in case of NH3 gas, it shows a drastic increase in sensitivity of MoSe2/G NF (9.115 ppm−1) than MoSe2 NF (2.466 ppm−1). The MoSe2/G NF shows a low detection limit (11 ppb for NH3 and 41 ppb for NO2), an outstanding repeatability, and a reliable long‐term device durability (more than eight weeks) significantly. The reason of the significant improvement in gas sensing performance can be attributed mainly due to the addition of graphene in MoSe2 NF which in turns increases the surface‐to‐volume ratio. It encourages the adsorption of gas molecules on the surface of the material, thereby facilitating the charge transfer process. The superior performance of this gas sensor makes MoSe2/G NF a potential candidate for NO2 and NH3 gas detection at room temperature. Due to the presence of graphene, MoSe2 NF becomes less hydrophilic which shows very less effect of humidity effect.
On the Universality of Capillary Condensation and Adsorption Hysteresis Phenomena in Ordered and Crystalline Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Cychosz Struckhoff Katie , Thommes Matthias , Sarkisov Lev 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUsing adsorption experiments for argon over a wide range of temperatures from above the triple point (i.e., 87 K) down to 65 K, coupled with advanced molecular simulation studies, the underlying mechanism of capillary condensation and hysteresis in a mesoporous metal‐organic framework (MOF), MIL‐101(Cr) is explored. The results obtained on the mesoporous MOFs are compared with the experimental and molecular simulation studies of argon adsorption and phase behavior in mesoporous molecular sieves (e.g., MCM‐41 silica) of similar pore size and over the same temperature range (65–87 K). The studies provide insights into the nature of confinement effects on the adsorption and phase behavior of fluids in mesoporous MOFs. The obtained results suggest that certain features of adsorption, capillary condensation, and associated hysteresis phenomena in mesoporous MOFs and in mesoporous molecular sieves are governed by the same underlying physics, despite the striking differences in pore structure and chemical composition. Hence, the findings are of importance for advancing characterization methodologies based on gas adsorption, but also for predicting the behavior of mesoporous MOFs in various potential applications.
Enhanced Emission in Self‐Assembled Phenyleneethynylene Derived π‐Gelators
Authors: Das Gourab , Thirumalai Rajasekaran , Vedhanarayanan Balaraman , Praveen Vakayil K. , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOptical properties of π‐systems are of great significance for a wide range of applications in materials and biology. Aggregation and self‐assembly induced emission are one of such phenomena. Herein, the self‐assembly induced modulation of the emission of p‐phenyleneethynylene (PE) chromophores bearing linear achiral (1) or branched chiral (2) alkoxy chains is reported. Self‐assembled structures of both 1 and 2 from n‐decane exhibit enhanced emission with fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) values of 0.34 and 0.25, respectively, whereas these molecules are less‐emissive in chloroform (ΦF = 0.02). Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy studies reveal the formation of entangled blue‐emissive fibers for 1 and supercoiled helical blue‐emissive fiber bundles for 2. At higher concentrations (8.8 × 10−3 m for 1 and 23.6 × 10−3 m for 2) in n‐decane, intense blue‐emitting gels are formed. Significant shift in the emission toward longer wavelength can be seen from solution state to aggregates to the gel state. The wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and fluorescence data indicate that the interdigitated lamellar assembly with weaker π‐stacking and the resultant restriction of rotation of the PE chromophores are responsible for the enhanced emission of the self‐assembled gel state.
Tuneable Copper Catalysed Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzenes to Aniline or Azo Derivatives
Authors: Moran Maria Jesus , Martina Katia , Baricco Francesca , Tagliapietra Silvia , Manzoli Maela , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA highly versatile and flexible copper nanoparticle (Cu(0) NPs) catalytic system has been developed for the controlled and selective transfer hydrogenation of nitroarene.Interestingly, the final catalytic product is strongly dependent on the nature of the hydrogen donor source. The yield of nitrobenzene reduction to aniline increased from 20% to an almost quantitative yield over a range of alcohols, diols and aminoalcohols. In glycerol at 130 °C aniline was isolated in 93% yield. In ethanolamine, the reaction was conveniently performed at a lower temperature (55 °C) and gave selectively substituted azobenzene (92% yield). Experimental studies provide support for a reaction pathway in which the Cu(0) NPs catalysed transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline proceeds via the condensation route. The high chemoselectivity of both protocols has been proved in experiments on a panel of variously substituted nitroarenes. Enabling technologies, microwaves and ultrasound, used both separately and in combination, have successfully increased the reaction rate and reaction yield.magnified image
Tandem Phospha‐Michael Addition/N‐Acylation/ Intramolecular Wittig Reaction of aza‐o‐Quinone Methides: Approaches to 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles
Authors: Hua Ting‐Bi , Chao Fei , Wang Long , Yan Chen‐Yang , Xiao Cong , Yang Qing‐Qing , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA tandem phospha‐Michael addition/N‐acylation/intramolecular Wittig reaction of in situ formed aza‐o‐QMs is disclosed. This approach features high functional group tolerance and provides a convenient and practical access to biologically significant indole derivatives (37 examples, up to 91% yield) under mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Multi‐Material 3D and 4D Printing: A Survey
Authors: Rafiee Mohammad , Farahani Rouhollah D. , Therriault Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent advances in multi‐material 3D and 4D printing (time as the fourth dimension) show that the technology has the potential to extend the design space beyond complex geometries. The potential of these additive manufacturing (AM) technologies allows for functional inclusion in a low‐cost single‐step manufacturing process. Different composite materials and various AM technologies can be used and combined to create customized multi‐functional objects to suit many needs. In this work, several types of 3D and 4D printing technologies are compared and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are discussed. The various features and applications of 3D and 4D printing technologies used in the fabrication of multi‐material objects are reviewed. Finally, new avenues for the development of multi‐material 3D and 4D printed objects are proposed, which reflect the current deficiencies and future opportunities for inclusion by AM.
Non‐Rigid Band Structure in Mg2Ge for Improved Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Kamila Hasbuna , Sankhla Aryan , Yasseri Mohammad , Mueller Eckhard , de Boor Johannes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMagnesium silicide and its solid solutions are among the most attractive materials for thermoelectric generators in the temperature range of 500–800 K. However, while n‐type Mg2(Si,Ge,Sn) materials show excellent thermoelectric performance, the corresponding p‐type solid solutions are still inferior, mainly due to less favorable properties of the valence bands compared to the conduction bands. Here, Li doped Mg2Ge with a thermoelectric figure of merit zT of 0.5 at 700 K is reported, which is four times higher than that of p‐type Mg2Si and double than that of p‐type Mg2Sn. The reason for the excellent properties is an unusual temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity compared to a standard highly doped semiconductor. The properties cannot be captured assuming a rigid band structure but well reproduced assuming two parabolic valence bands with a strong temperature dependent interband separation. According to the analysis, the difference in energy between the two bands decrease with temperature, leading to a band convergence at around 650 K and finally to an inversion of the band positions. The finding of a combination of a light and a heavy band that are non‐rigid with temperature can pave the way for further optimization of p‐type Mg2(Si,Ge,Sn).
A Super‐Stretchable Liquid Metal Foamed Elastomer for Tunable Control of Electromagnetic Waves and Thermal Transport
Authors: Yu Dehai , Liao Yue , Song Yingchao , Wang Shilong , Wan Haoyu , Zeng Yanhong , Yin Tao , Yang Wenhao , He Zhizhu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is remarkably desirable and challenging to design a stretchable conductive material with tunable electromagnetic‐interference (EMI) shielding and heat transfer for applications in flexible electronics. However, the existing materials sustained a severe attenuation of performances when largely stretched. Here, a super‐stretchable (800% strain) liquid metal foamed elastomer composite (LMF‐EC) is reported, achieving super‐high electrical (≈104 S cm−1) and thermal (17.6 W mK−1) conductivities under a large strain of 400%, which also exhibits unexpected stretching‐enhanced EMI shielding effectiveness of 85 dB due to the conductive network elongation and reorientation. By varying the liquid and solid states of LMF, the stretching can enable a multifunctional reversible switch that simultaneously regulates the thermal, electrical, and electromagnetic wave transport. Novel flexible temperature control and a thermoelectric system based on LMF‐EC is furthermore developed. This work is a significant step toward the development of smart electromagnetic and thermal regulator for stretchable electronics.
Simultaneous Nanothermometry and Deep‐Tissue Imaging
Authors: Gschwend Pascal M. , Niedbalka David , Gerken Lukas R. H. , Herrmann Inge K. , Pratsinis Sotiris E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBright, stable, and biocompatible fluorescent contrast agents operating in the second biological window (1000–1350 nm) are attractive for imaging of deep‐lying structures (e.g., tumors) within tissues. Ideally, these contrast agents also provide functional insights, such as information on local temperature. Here, water‐dispersible barium phosphate nanoparticles doped with Mn5+ are made by scalable, continuous, and sterile flame aerosol technology and explored as fluorescent contrast agents with temperature‐sensitive peak emission in the NIR‐II (1190 nm). Detailed assessment of their stability, toxicity with three representative cell lines (HeLa, THP‐1, NHDF), and deep‐tissue imaging down to about 3 cm are presented. In addition, their high quantum yield (up to 34%) combined with excellent temperature sensitivity paves the way for concurrent deep‐tissue imaging and nanothermometry, with biologically well‐tolerated nanoparticles.
A Nanosheet Array of Cu2Se Intercalation Compound with Expanded Interlayer Space for Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Xiao Yuanhua , Zhao Xiaobing , Wang Xuezhao , Su Dangcheng , Bai Shuo , Chen Wei , Fang Shaoming , Zhou Liming , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Li Feng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntercalation chemistry/engineering has been widely investigated in the development of electrochemical energy storage. Graphite, as an old intercalation host, is receiving vigorous attention again via a new halogen intercalation. Whereas, exploiting new intercalation hosts and optimizing the intercalation effect still remains a great challenge. This study fabricates a Cu2Se intercalation compound showing expanded interlayer space and nanosheet array features by using a green growth approach, in which cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) is inserted into Cu2Se at an ambient temperature. When acting as an electrode material for sodium‐ion batteries, the Cu2Se–CTAB nanosheet arrays exhibit excellent discharge capacity and rate capability (426.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 238.1 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1), as well as high capacity retention of ≈90% at 20 A g−1 after 6500 cycles. Benefiting from the porous array architecture, the transport of electrolytes is facilitated on the surface of Cu2Se nanosheets. In particular, the CTAB intercalated in the interlayer space of Cu2Se can increase its buffer space, stabilize the polyselenide shuttle, and prevent the fast growth of Cu nanoparticles during its electrochemical process.
Chemicals from heavy oils by ZSM‐5 catalysis in supercritical water: Model compound and reaction engineering
Authors: Zaker Azadeh , Guerra Patricia , Tompsett Geoffrey A. , Huang Xinlei , Bond Jesse Q. , Timko Michael T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDodecane cracking and aromatization over ZSM‐5 was studied in the presence and absence of supercritical water (SCW). A group‐type model was used to determine five best‐fit rate constants to describe yields to aliphatics, aromatics, coke, and gases. SCW accelerated gas formation while suppressing coke formation. CO and CO2 were formed in the presence of SCW, but not in its absence; a new, low‐temperature coke gasification pathway was suggested to account for this observation. Similarly, a low‐temperature alkane reforming pathway was hypothesized to explain the increased relative rate constant for production of gases in the presence of SCW compared with its absence. Additional tests and analysis indicated that these effects could not be ascribed solely to zeolite degradation in the presence of SCW, implying that water directly influences the reaction mechanism. These results provide new insights into the role(s) of water during oil cracking under supercritical conditions.
A consensus phylogenomic approach highlights paleopolyploid and rapid radiation in the history of Ericales
Authors: Larson Drew A. , Walker Joseph F. , Vargas Oscar M. , Smith Stephen A. 
Published: April 2020

PremiseLarge genomic data sets offer the promise of resolving historically recalcitrant species relationships. However, different methodologies can yield conflicting results, especially when clades have experienced ancient, rapid diversification. Here, we analyzed the ancient radiation of Ericales and explored sources of uncertainty related to species tree inference, conflicting gene tree signal, and the inferred placement of gene and genome duplications.MethodsWe used a hierarchical clustering approach, with tree‐based homology and orthology detection, to generate six filtered phylogenomic matrices consisting of data from 97 transcriptomes and genomes. Support for species relationships was inferred from multiple lines of evidence including shared gene duplications, gene tree conflict, gene‐wise edge‐based analyses, concatenation, and coalescent‐based methods, and is summarized in a consensus framework.ResultsOur consensus approach supported a topology largely concordant with previous studies, but suggests that the data are not capable of resolving several ancient relationships because of lack of informative characters, sensitivity to methodology, and extensive gene tree conflict correlated with paleopolyploidy. We found evidence of a whole‐genome duplication before the radiation of all or most ericalean families, and demonstrate that tree topology and heterogeneous evolutionary rates affect the inferred placement of genome duplications.ConclusionsWe provide several hypotheses regarding the history of Ericales, and confidently resolve most nodes, but demonstrate that a series of ancient divergences are unresolvable with these data. Whether paleopolyploidy is a major source of the observed phylogenetic conflict warrants further investigation.
Role of imaging in multiple myeloma
Authors: Baffour Francis I. , Glazebrook Katrina N. , Kumar Shaji K. , Broski Stephen M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith rapid advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), imaging has become instrumental in detection of intramedullary and extramedullary disease, providing prognostic information, and assessing therapeutic efficacy. Whole‐body low dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) has emerged as the study of choice to detect osteolytic bone disease. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) combines functional and morphologic information to identify MM disease activity and assess treatment response. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has excellent soft‐tissue contrast and is the modality of choice for bone marrow evaluation. This review focuses on the imaging modalities available for MM patient management, highlighting advantages, disadvantages, and applications of each.
The Society for Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology 42nd Annual Meeting
Authors: Eisenhoffer George T. , Clouthier David , Cox Timothy , Saint‐Jeannet Jean‐Pierre , Taneyhill Lisa A. , Trainor Paul A. , Moody Sally A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Society for Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology (SCGDB) 42nd Annual Meeting was held at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas from October 14–15, 2019. The SCGDB meeting included scientific sessions on the molecular regulation of craniofacial development, cell biology of craniofacial development, signaling during craniofacial development, translational craniofacial biology, and for the first time, a career development workshop. Over a one hundred attendees from 21 states, and representing over 50 different scientific institutions, participated. The diverse group of scientists included cell and developmental biologists and clinical geneticists, promoting excellent discussions about molecular pathways guiding abnormal cell behaviors and the resultant morphological changes to craniofacial development. The results were high‐quality science and a welcoming environment for trainees interested in craniofacial biology.
The Application of Quantitative Structure–Property Relationship Modeling and Exploratory Analysis to Screen Catalysts for the Synthesis of Oleochemical Carbonates from CO2 and Bio‐Based Epoxides
Authors: dos Santos Victor Hugo Jacks Mendes , Pontin Darlan , Rambo Raoní Scheibler , Seferin Marcus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractScreening catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides presents a challenge for the research community. Thus, we propose the application of quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR) modeling and exploratory analysis to assist in the selection of catalysts to produce oleochemical carbonates. QSPR modeling was developed by applying 2D‐descriptors to evaluate the relationship between the molecular structure of organocatalysts and their activity in the production of bio‐based organic carbonates. From the virtual screening, 122 potential catalysts were selected, their catalytic activities were estimated, and the best molecular targets highlighted. Already from the data mining and exploratory analysis, the catalysts' key structural features (e.g. organic structure, molecular arrangement, carbon chain size, and substituent type) were identified. Thus, it was possible to evaluate the similarity between the catalysts and to relate the 2D‐descriptors to their activity. Then, based on QSPR modeling results, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was proposed as a new catalyst to produce oleochemical carbonates. From the CTAB application, conversions greater than 98% of epoxide were observed in the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxidized vegetable oil (rice bran, canola, and soybean). Thus, it was concluded that QSPR modeling and exploratory analysis show potential for screening catalysts for oleochemical carbonate synthesis.