bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive clinical impact of epidermal growth factor receptor and podocalyxin-like protein expression in pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinomas
Authors: Heby Margareta , Karnevi Emelie , Elebro Jacob , Nodin Björn , Eberhard Jakob , Saukkonen Kapo , Hagström Jaana , Mustonen Harri , Seppänen Hanna , Haglund Caj , Jirström Karin , Larsson Anna H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe outcome of periampullary adenocarcinomas remains poor with few treatment options. Podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL) is an anti-adhesive protein, the high expression of which has been shown to confer a poor prognosis in numerous malignancies. A correlation and adverse prognostic synergy between PODXL and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been observed in colorectal cancer. Here, we investigated whether this also applies to periampullary adenocarcinomas. We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of PODXL and EGFR in tissue microarrays with tumors from two patient cohorts; (Cohort 1, n = 175) and (Cohort 2, n = 189). The effect of TGF-β-induced expression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PODXL and EGFR, were investigated in pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) in vitro. We found a correlation between PODXL and EGFR in these cancers, and a synergistic adverse effect on survival. Furthermore, silencing PODXL in pancreatic cancer cells resulted in the down-regulation of EGFR, but not vice versa. Consequently, these findings suggest a functional link between PODXL and EGFR, and the potential combined utility as biomarkers possibly improving patient stratification. Further studies examining the mechanistic basis underlying these observations may open new avenues of targeted treatment options for subsets of patients affected by these particularly aggressive cancers.
Elemental characterization of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with smoking, prognosis and survival
Authors: Archanjo Anderson Barros , Assis Arícia Leone Evangelista Monteiro d , Oliveira Mayara Mota de , Mendes Suzanny Oliveira , Borçoi Aline Ribeiro , Maia Lucas de Lima , Souza Rafael Pereira de , Cicco Rafael de , Saito Kelly Cristina , Kimura Edna Teruko , Carvalho Marcos Brasilino de , Nunes Fabio Daumas , Tajara Eloiza H. , Santos Marcelo dos , Nogueira Breno Valentim , Trivilin Leonardo Oliveira , Pinheiro Christiano Jorge Gomes , Álvares-da-Silva Adriana Madeira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOral cancer squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) mainly affects individuals aged between 50 and 70 years who consume tobacco and alcohol. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of known toxic and carcinogenic molecules, and a few studies have sought to verify the relationship of such trace elements as risk or prognostic factors for head and neck cancer. We obtained 78 samples of tumor tissues from patients with OCSCC, and performed a qualitative elemental characterization using the micro X-Ray Fluorescence technique based on synchrotron radiation. We found the presence of magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic and bromine in OCSCC samples. Magnesium, chlorine, chromium, manganese, nickel, arsenic and bromine are associated with smoking. We observed a significant association between relapse and chlorine and chromium. The presence of chlorine in the samples was an independent protective factor against relapse (OR = 0.105, CI = 0.01–0.63) and for best disease-free survival (HR = 0.194, CI = 0.04–0.87). Reporting for the first time in oral cancer, these results suggest a key relationship between smoking and the presence of certain elements. In addition, chlorine proved to be important in the context of patient prognosis and survival.
Sustaining temporal attention prevents habit expression during operant learning in rats
Authors: Lin Ziqiao , Nishikawa Hiromi , Iguchi Yoshio , Iwanami Akira , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Toda Shigenobu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs repeated operant performance promotes the transition from goal-directed action to habitual response, it appears that action-outcome contingency learning precedes and is necessary for the transition. Meanwhile, it is known that operant performance under a fixed interval (FI) schedule, in which the timing of reinforcement is predictable, is resistant to habit. However, the reason why the FI schedule prevents habit expression remains unclear. We reasoned that sustained attention for monitoring a certain interval might require a goal-directed process and prevent the transition. To verify this hypothesis, rats underwent FI schedule operant training while auditory cues were provided in a manner either contingent or non-contingent with the timing of lever pressing to obtain a reward. The subjects developed a habit with contingent cues, but not with either non-contingent cues or no cues. Overall, we conclude that the release from sustained attentional burden allows the expression of habit. (147 words)
Little–Parks effect governed by magnetic nanostructures with out-of-plane magnetization
Authors: de Ory M. C. , Rollano V. , Gomez A. , Menghini M. , Muñoz-Noval A. , Gonzalez E. M. , Vicent J. L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLittle–Parks effect names the oscillations in the superconducting critical temperature as a function of the magnetic field. This effect is related to the geometry of the sample. In this work, we show that this effect can be enhanced and manipulated by the inclusion of magnetic nanostructures with perpendicular magnetization. These magnetic nanodots generate stray fields with enough strength to produce superconducting vortex–antivortex pairs. So that, the L–P effect deviation from the usual geometrical constrictions is due to the interplay between local magnetic stray fields and superconducting vortices. Moreover, we compare our results with a low-stray field sample (i.e. with the dots in magnetic vortex state) showing how the enhancement of the L–P effect can be explained by an increment of the effective size of the nanodots.
Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Kernia and Acaulium
Authors: Su Lei , Zhu Hua , Niu Yongchun , Guo Yaxi , Du Xiaopeng , Guo Jianguo , Zhang Ling , Qin Chuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe genera Kernia and Acaulium comprise species commonly isolated from dung, soil, decaying meat and skin of animal. The taxonomy of these fungi has been controversial and relies mainly on morphological criteria. With the aim to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of these fungi, we studied all the available ex-type strains of a large set of species by means of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the partial 28S rDNA (LSU) showed that the genera Kernia and Acaulium were found to be separated in two distinct lineages in Microascaceae. Based on morphological characters and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, LSU, translation elongation factor 1α and β-tubulin genes, the species in Kernia and Acaulium were well separated and two new combinations are introduced, i.e. Acaulium peruvianum and Acaulium retardatum, a new species of Kernia is described, namely Kernia anthracina. Descriptions of the phenotypic features and molecular phylogeny for identification are discussed for accepted species in two genera in this study.
Quantitative trait loci and genes associated with salmonid alphavirus load in Atlantic salmon: implications for pancreas disease resistance and tolerance
Authors: Aslam M. L. , Robledo D. , Krasnov A. , Moghadam H. K. , Hillestad B. , Houston R. D. , Baranski M. , Boison S. , Robinson N. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSalmonid alphavirus infection results in pancreas disease causing severe economic losses for Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Knowledge about genes and pathways contributing to resistance is limited. A 54 K SNP panel was used to genotype 10 full-sibling families each consisting of ~ 110 offspring challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3. Relative heart viral load was assessed at 4- and 10-weeks post-infection using quantitative PCR. A moderate genomic heritability of viral load at 4 weeks (0.15–0.21) and a high positive correlation with survival (0.91–0.98) were detected. Positions of QTL detected on chromosome 3 matched those for survival detected by other studies. The SNP of highest significance occurred in the 3′ untranslated region of gig1, a fish-specific antiviral effector. Locus B of immunoglobulin heavy chain mapped to an area containing multiple SNPs with genome-wide association. Heart mRNA-seq comparing parr from families with high- versus low-genomic breeding value, and matching sample genotypes for SNPs, identified two eQTL for salmonid alphavirus load. Immune genes associated with trans-eQTL were numerous and spread throughout the genome. QTL regions contained several genes with known or predicted immune functions, some differentially expressed. The putative functional genes and variants identified could help improve marker-based selection for pancreas disease resistance.
Identification and characterization of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the developing seeds of Jatropha curcas
Authors: Yan Xihuan , Ma Lanqing , Yang MingFeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in plant development. However, the information of lncRNAs in Jatropha curcas remains largely unexplored. Thus, an attempt has been made in J. curcas to identify 1,850 lncRNAs based on deep sequencing of developing seeds at three typical stages. About ten percent lncRNAs (196 lncRNAs) were differentially expressed lncRNAs during seed developing process. Together with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR, the lncRNA expression analyses revealed the stage-specific expression patterns of some novel lncRNAs in J. curcas. The target genes of lncRNAs were annotated for their roles in various biological processes such as gene expression, metabolism, and cell growth. Besides, 10 lncRNAs were identified as the precursors of microRNAs and 26 lncRNAs were predicted to be the targets of Jatropha miRNAs. A total of 31 key lncRNAs play critical roles in the seed developing process in the context of cell growth and development, lipid metabolism, and seed maturation. Our study provides the first systematic study of lncRNAs in the developing seeds of J. curcas and facilitates the functional research of plant lncRNAs and the regulation of seed development.
Built‐in bias fields for retention stabilisation in hafnia‐based ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Max B. , Hoffmann M. , Slesazeck S. , Mikolajick T. 
Published: June 2020

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions have recently attracted a lot of research interest, not only for memory operation but also for e.g. neuromorphic computing. Retention characteristics of these devices are of utmost importance in many applications. The authors have recently demonstrated the feasibility of double‐layered ferroelectric tunnel junctions where the ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide acts as the memory layer and the dielectric aluminium oxide as the tunnelling barrier. The depolarisation field from the unscreened polarisation charges that is introduced by this structure causes serious limitations on the retention behaviour due to the unintentional back‐switching of ferroelectric domains. This leads to a diminishing memory window over time. By using a built‐in bias field from different work function metal electrodes, in this case platinum and titanium nitride with 0.85 eV difference, one can shift the polarisation hysteresis curve and counteract the electric depolarisation field. This leads to a more stable on‐current over time while only marginally increasing the off‐current degradation. Extrapolation to ten years shows a much larger memory window compared to the symmetric metal electrode structure.
External reconnection and resultant reconfiguration of overlying magnetic fields during sympathetic eruptions of two filaments
Authors: Hou Y. J. , Li T. , Song Z. P. , Zhang J. 
Published: June 2020

Context. Sympathetic eruptions of two solar filaments have been studied for several decades, but the detailed physical process through which one erupting filament triggers another is still under debate.
Aims. Here we aim to investigate the physical nature of a sympathetic event involving successive eruptions of two filaments on 2015 November 15-16, which presented abundant sympathetic characteristics.
Methods. Combining data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and other observatories as well as results of nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolations, we study the evolution of observational features and magnetic topology during the sympathetic event.
Results. The two filaments (north F1 and south F2) were separated by a narrow region of negative polarity, and F1 first erupted, producing a two-ribbon flare. When the outward-spreading ribbon produced by F1 approached stable F2, a weak brightening was observed to the south of F2 and then spread northward, inward approaching F2. Behind this inward-spreading brightening, a dimming region characterized by a plasma density reduction of 30% was extending. NLFFF extrapolations with a time sequence reveal that fields above pre-eruption F1 and F2 constituted a quadrupolar magnetic system with a possible null point. Moreover, the null point kept moving toward F2 and descending within the following hours. We infer that the rising F1 pushed its overlying fields toward the fields above stable F2 and caused successive external reconnection between the overlying fields. From outside to inside (lower and lower in height), the fields above pre-eruption F2 were gradually involved in the reconnection, manifesting as the inward-spreading brightening and extending dimming on the south side of F2. Furthermore, the external reconnection could reconfigure the overlying fields of F2 by transporting magnetic flux from its west part to the east part, which is further verified by the subsequent partial eruption of F2.
Conclusions. We propose an integrated evidence chain to demonstrate the critical roles of external magnetic reconnection and the resultant reconfiguration of overlying fields on the sympathetic eruptions of two filaments.
A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars
Authors: Dsilva K. , Shenar T. , Sana H. , Marchant P. 
Published: June 2020

Context. It is now well established that the majority of massive stars reside in multiple systems. However, the effect of multiplicity is not sufficiently understood, resulting in a plethora of uncertainties about the end stages of massive-star evolution. In order to investigate these uncertainties, it is useful to study massive stars just before their demise. Classical Wolf-Rayet stars represent the final end stages of stars at the upper-mass end. The multiplicity fraction of these stars was reported to be ∼0.4 in the Galaxy but no correction for observational biases has been attempted.
Aims. The aim of this study is to conduct a homogeneous radial-velocity survey of a magnitude-limited (V ≤ 12) sample of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars to derive their bias-corrected multiplicity properties. The present paper focuses on 12 northern Galactic carbon-rich (WC) Wolf-Rayet stars observable with the 1.2 m Mercator telescope on the island of La Palma.
Methods. We homogeneously measured relative radial velocities (RVs) for carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet stars using cross-correlation. Variations in the derived RVs were used to flag binary candidates. We investigated probable orbital configurations and provide a first correction of observational biases through Monte-Carlo simulations.
Results. Of the 12 northern Galactic WC stars in our sample, seven show peak-to-peak RV variations larger than 10 km s−1, which we adopt as our detection threshold. This results in an observed spectroscopic multiplicity fraction of 0.58 with a binomial error of 0.14. In our campaign, we find a clear lack of short-period (P < ∼100 d), indicating that a large number of Galactic WC binaries likely reside in long-period systems. Finally, our simulations show that at the 10% significance level, the intrinsic multiplicity fraction of the Galactic WC population is at least 0.72.
Wegrauke, Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
Authors: Braun Sabine , Melzig Matthias F. 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., die Wegrauke, ist eine weltweit verbreitete Pflanze, die v. a. Glucosinolate wie Glucoputranjivin sowie Schleimstoffe und Flavonoide enthält. Eine phytochemische Besonderheit ist das Auftreten von Cardenolidglykosiden. Die Droge weist vielfältige pharmakologische Aktivitäten auf, zu der antibakterielle und antimutagene Effekte zählen. Ihre Anwendung als traditionelles Arzneimittel bei Reizungen im Rachenraum, wie Heiserkeit und bei trockenem Husten, wird durch eine HMPC-Monografie beschrieben.
Medikamentös induzierte Schlafendoskopie
Authors: Hofauer Benedikt , Heiser Clemens , Kehm Vadim , Knopf Andreas , Offergeld Christian 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie medikamentös induzierte Schlafendoskopie (MISE) stellt ein Verfahren zur Beurteilung der oberen Atemwege unter Sedierung bei Patienten mit obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA) dar und wurde erstmalig bereits im Jahr 1991 von Croft und Pringle beschrieben 1. Ungeklärt ist bisher, inwiefern die MISE mit dem natürlichen Schlaf vergleichbar ist. Eastwood und Kollegen beschrieben letztendlich eine Korrelation hinsichtlich der Kollapsneigung in Sedierung und während des natürlichen Schlafs. Damit zeigten die Kollegen, dass die MISE in der individualisierten Therapieberatung sinnvoll ist 2. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden Anstrengungen zur Standardisierung unternommen, um die Ergebnisse vergleichbarer und reproduzierbarer zu gestalten. Gerade mit Einführung und zunehmender Verbreitung der Stimulationstherapie des N. hypoglossus wird die MISE in den letzten Jahren vermehrt auch an Kliniken eingesetzt, die dieses diagnostische Verfahren bisher noch nicht durchführten. Dieser Beitrag soll die Durchführung einer MISE in Anlehnung an das entsprechende europäische Positionspapier vorstellen 3
4.
New Endophytic Fusarium spp. from Fraxinus excelsior Leaves in Slovakia
Authors: Ivanova Helena , Malinicova Lenka , Piknova Maria , Pristas Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fraxinus excelsior is currently suffering from ash dieback disease caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Co-occurrence of large numbers of other fungi with endophytic as well as pathogenic lifestyles has been observed on F. excelsior. In this study, new endophytic Fusarium spp. isolate Fraxinus excelsior Fusarium from Slovak territory, associated with F. excelsior, was characterised. Using morphology-based approaches, the fungus was assigned to the genus Fusarium. The isolate formed thick-walled hyaline, fusiform, slightly curved macroconidia, produced from monophialides in sporodochia, pointed at the tip, mostly 3 – 5 septate, occasionally 6 septate, and 40 – 68 × 3.8 – 5.0 µm in size with basal pedicellate cells. For more accurate taxonomic affiliation, molecular sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequences, and partial β-tubulin gene were performed.
While the internal transcribed spacer sequence of the isolate showed the highest similarity to the Fraxinus oxysporum species, translation elongation factor 1-alpha and partial β-tubulin sequences were distantly related to the Fraxinus avenaceum species. Based on these data, the Fraxinus excelsior Fusarium isolate could probably be considered a new species of the Fusarium genus.
Comparison of fine-needle aspiration and fine-needle biopsy devices for endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling of solid lesions: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Riet Priscilla A. , Erler Nicole S. , Bruno Marco J. , Cahen Djuna L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition is extensively used, but the optimal sampling device is still a matter of debate. We performed meta-analyses on studies comparing fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needles, and studies comparing different FNB needles.Methods Online databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of at least 50 cases with a suspected solid pancreatic or nonpancreatic lesion that compared FNA with FNB needles. Outcome measures included diagnostic accuracy, adequacy, number of passes, presence of tissue cores, and adverse events. We also performed meta-regression analysis on the effect of FNB design on diagnostic accuracy. Quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool.Results 18 RCTs comparing FNA with FNB needles were included. FNB provided a higher pooled diagnostic accuracy (87 % vs. 80 %; P = 0.02) and tissue core rate (80 % vs. 62 %; P = 0.002), and allowed diagnosis with fewer passes (P = 0.03), in both pancreatic and nonpancreatic lesions. A total of 93 studies were included comparing different FNB devices. Pooled diagnostic accuracy was higher for forward-facing bevel needles than for the reverse bevel needle. In this analysis, study quality was low and heterogeneity was high (I2  = 80 %).Conclusion FNB outperformed FNA when sampling pancreatic and nonpancreatic lesions. Forward-facing bevel FNB needles seemed to outperform the reverse bevel FNB needle, but the low quality of evidence prevents us from making strong recommendations on the optimal FNB design.
Ethical Considerations for Healthcare Organizations
Authors: Rao Paul R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEthical misbehavior in the delivery of healthcare creates harm not only to individual therapists and administrators who might choose to overstep ethical boundaries but also, more broadly, causes harm to patients, to healthcare organizations, to professional organizations, and ultimately to society. Both corporate codes of conduct and professional codes of ethics are important, because they set standards of conduct and penalize noncompliant or unethical conduct. The purposes of this article are (1) to differentiate corporate compliance from ethics in a healthcare organization; (2) to explain the application of ethics principles to organizational and professional behaviors; (3) to discuss three important ethical issues (cultural competence, conflict of interest, and employer demands); and (4) to emphasize that, whether applying a corporate code of conduct or a professional code of ethics (or both), the integrity of each individual is essential to ethical behavior. To illustrate these concepts, ASHA's Code of Ethics is discussed in detail (including the ethics complaint adjudication process), and hypothetical case studies are presented under the macro headings of Cultural Competence, Conflict of Interest, and Employer Demands.
Ethical Issues in Dysphagia Management
Authors: Leslie Paula , Lisiecka Dominika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDysphagia management is complex and requires balancing individuals' preferences, quality of life, and medical consequences. Ethical challenges are not uncommon given the complexity of dysphagia. Professionals must engage in ethical reflection and shared decision-making when managing dysphagia. Recognizing one's own presuppositions and beliefs may be fundamental to ensuring an ethical approach. The goal of this article is to apply principles of ethics using hypothetical case studies of dysphagia. To this end, we will describe the challenges of working with the disorder of dysphagia; the influence of culture on decision-making about eating and feeding; the importance of information disclosure and respect for individuals' refusal of recommendations; and the interplay of ethical reflection, evidence, and clinical judgment when making complex dysphagia management decisions. These concepts should be kept in mind to ensure compassionate and competent care of the person with eating, drinking, or swallowing problems and their family caregivers.