bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varying support for abundance‐centre and congeneric‐competition hypotheses along elevational transects of mammals
Authors: Wen Zhixin , Ge Deyan , Feijó Anderson , Du Yuanbao , Cheng Jilong , Sun Jian , Wang Yanqun , Xia Lin , Yang Qisen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimWhether species are most abundant at their geographic range centre and increasingly rare towards range limits (the abundance‐centre hypothesis, ACH) has weak empirical support in birds along elevational gradients. This may be due to empirical limitations—most studies do not capture the multi‐faceted nature of elevational gradients or species interactions. We examine the ACH and an alternative that the abundance maximum of elevational sympatric congeners will occur at different elevations along a gradient (the congeneric‐competition hypothesis, CCH).LocationTwelve elevational gradients in Central and Southwest China.TaxonFive small mammal species, including three congeneric species.MethodsThe ACH was tested by fitting abundance patterns to Huisman‐Olff‐Fresco (HOF) models and measuring the relative elevational distance between a species' abundance‐weighted range centre (RCAbu) and its elevational range centre. The CCH was tested by calculating the elevational overlap value of each congeneric pair and the relative elevational distance (RCAbuDiff) between the RCAbus of congeners.ResultsAbundances of each species showed diverse patterns along different gradients. For all species, a unimodal symmetric pattern appeared at most once among the studied gradients and found in only four (8.7%) of the total cases. Most (90.9%) of the Apodemus congeneric pairs had a high elevational overlap (above 75%). For each of the three congeneric pairs, 40.0% to 50.0% of the cases showed RCAbuDiff values > 0.25, suggesting that the congeners’ RCAbus were separated by at least one elevational climate zone.Main conclusionsSpecies' elevational abundance patterns may vary among different elevational gradients in the same geographic region. The elevational abundance patterns of five mammalian species were rarely consistent with the ACH after the spatial variability of the patterns was considered. The abundance patterns of congeneric species showed moderate support for the CCH.
Regulatory mechanism of miR‐525‐5p in over‐invasion of trophoblast
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Ping , Mao Xuemei , Zhang Hongyan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the mechanism of miRNA‐525‐5p (miR‐525‐5p) in regulating the invasion of trophoblast cells.MethodsThe expressions of miR‐525‐5p and Homeobox D10 (HOXD10) in pre‐eclampsia (PE) and normal placentas were detected. Besides the expressions of miR‐525‐5p and HOXD10, the levels of Vimentin, N‐cadherin and E‐cadherin in human trophoblast (HTR)‐8 cells were also measured after cell transfection. 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐di‐ phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and Transwell assays assessed the proliferative and invasive capabilities of HTR‐8 cells, respectively. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay verified the targeting relationship between miR‐525‐5p and HOXD10.ResultsMiR‐525‐5p was lowly expressed and HOXD10 was highly expressed in PE placentas. MiR‐525‐5p inhibition or HOXD10 overexpression suppressed proliferation, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HTR‐8 cells. MiR‐525‐5p overexpression or HOXD10 knockdown promoted proliferation, invasion and EMT of HTR‐8 cells. HOXD10 was a downstream target of miR‐525‐5p. Inhibiting HOXD10 reversed the suppressive effects of miR‐525‐5p inhibition on proliferation, invasion and EMT of HTR‐8 cells.ConclusionMiR‐525‐5p mediates the invasion of trophoblast cells by regulating HOXD10, which provides new therapeutic targets for PE treatment.
Reported muscle symptoms during statin treatment amongst Italian dyslipidaemic patients in the real‐life setting: the PROSISA Study
Authors: Casula M. , Gazzotti M. , Bonaiti F. , OImastroni E. , Arca M. , Averna M. , Zambon A. , Catapano A.L. ,   the PROSISA Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimStatin‐associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are a major determinant of poor treatment adherence and/or discontinuation, but a definitive diagnosis of SAMS is challenging. The PROSISA study was an observational retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence of reported SAMS in a cohort of dyslipidaemic patients.MethodsDemographic/anamnestic data, biochemical values and occurrence of SAMS were collected by 23 Italian Lipid Clinics. Adjusted logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for association between probability of reporting SAMS and several factors.ResultsAnalyses were carried out on 16 717 statin‐treated patients (mean ± SD, age 60.5 ± 12.0 years; 52.1% men). During statin therapy, 9.6% (N = 1599) of patients reported SAMS. Women and physically active subjects were more likely to report SAMS (OR 1.23 [1.10–1.37] and OR 1.35 [1.14–1.60], respectively), whist age ≥ 65 (OR 0.79 [0.70–0.89]), presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 0.62 [0.51–0.74]), use of concomitant nonstatin lipid‐lowering drugs (OR 0.87 [0.76–0.99]), use of high‐intensity statins (OR 0.79 [0.69–0.90]) and use of potential interacting drugs (OR 0.63 [0.48–0.84]) were associated with lower probability of reporting SAMS. Amongst patients reporting SAMS, 82.2% underwent dechallenge (treatment interruption) and/or rechallenge (change or restart of statin therapy), with reappearance of muscular symptoms in 38.4% (3.01% of the whole cohort).ConclusionsThe reported prevalence of SAMS was 9.6% of the whole PROSISA cohort, but only a third of patients still reported SAMS after dechallenge/rechallenge. These results emphasize the need for a better management of SAMS to implement a more accurate diagnosis and treatment re‐evaluation.
Designing future crops: challenges and strategies for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Tian Zhixi , Wang Jia‐Wei , Li Jiayang , Han Bin 
Published: December 2020

SummaryCrop production is facing unprecedented challenges. Despite the fact that the food supply has significantly increased over the past half‐century, ~8.9 and 14.3% people are still suffering from hunger and malnutrition, respectively. Agricultural environments are continuously threatened by a booming world population, a shortage of arable land, and rapid changes in climate. To ensure food and ecosystem security, there is a need to design future crops for sustainable agriculture development by maximizing net production and minimalizing undesirable effects on the environment. The future crops design projects, recently launched by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), aim to develop a roadmap for rapid design of customized future crops using cutting‐edge technologies in the Breeding 4.0 era. In this perspective, we first introduce the background and missions of these projects. We then outline strategies to design future crops, such as improvement of current well‐cultivated crops, de novo domestication of wild species and redomestication of current cultivated crops. We further discuss how these ambitious goals can be achieved by the recent development of new integrative omics tools, advanced genome‐editing tools and synthetic biology approaches. Finally, we summarize related opportunities and challenges in these projects.
Uncertainty Quantification of Viscoplastic Parameters for Grade 91 Steel Through Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Aritra , Messner M. C. , Sham T.-L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Calibrating inelastic models for high temperature materials used in advanced reactor heat exchangers is a critical aspect in accurately predicting their deformation behavior under different loading conditions, and thus determining the corresponding failure times. The experimental data against which these models are calibrated often contains a wide degree of variability caused by heat-to-heat material property variations and general experimental uncertainty. Most often, model calibration is done against mean of these experimental data without considering this variability. In this work we aim to capture the bounds of the viscoplastic parameter uncertainties that enclose this observed scatter in the experimental data using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Bayesian inference provides a probabilistic framework that allows to coherently quantify parameter uncertainties based on some prior parameter distributions and the available data. To perform the statistical Bayesian MCMC analysis, a pre-calibrated model, fitted against mean of the experimental data, is used as an initial guess for the prior distribution and bounds, while further sampling is done using Meteropolis–Hastings algorithm for four Markov chains in tandem, to finally obtain the posterior distribution of the model parameters. Since different inelastic parameters are sensitive to different tests, data from multiple experimental conditions (tensile, and creep) are combined to capture the bounds in all the parameters. The developed statistical model reasonably captures the scatter observed in the experimental data. Quantifying uncertainty in inelastic models will improve high temperature engineering design practice and lead to safer, more effective component designs.
Experiences of Intergenerational Trauma in Second-Generation Refugees: Healing Through Occupation
Authors: Jeyasundaram Janany , Cao Luisa Yao Dan , Trentham Barry 
Published: December 2020

Background. Trauma experienced in one generation can affect the health and well-being of subsequent generations, such as impairing life skills, personal contentment, behaviour patterns and sense of self. This phenomenon has predominantly been explored with descendants of European refugees and is not fully understood from an occupational perspective. Purpose. This research explores how intergenerational trauma manifests in the occupational lives of second-generation Ilankai Tamil and Vietnamese refugees. Methods. Using qualitative narrative inquiry, 12 adult children of Tamil and Vietnamese refugees residing in the Greater Toronto Area participated in semi-structured interviews. Narratives were thematically analysed. Findings. Findings illustrate how sociohistorical, cultural and familial contexts influence the way second-generation refugees view what they can and should do. Many healing responses to intergenerational trauma include occupations focused on communal care. Implications. Findings from this study reveal the unique struggles and needs of two understudied populations and the possibilities for healing through occupation.
Digitising the Virtual: Movement and Relations in Drone Warfare
Authors: Malaviya Srishti 
Published: December 2020

This article offers a relational analysis of the use of armed drones in the ‘war on terror’. Drawing from Erin Manning’s writings on movement, relations, and the posthuman, I explore how bodies and spaces are read as digitised data in the processes of the drone assemblage, reducing movement to displacement and undoing relations of becoming. The drone’s violence lies in its crippling of bodies’ capacity to respond to their immediate environments and relations. The point of departure for this article is the concept of the ‘virtual’ as drawn out by Manning: the indeterminate potential of movement which moves bodies and relations. My analysis revisits the transcripts of Uruzgan drone attack in Afghanistan in 2010, a case that has been extensively studied in the critical literature on drones to offer conceptions of what it means for the drone to be a posthuman entity. Instead of situating the drone as a posthuman object, I examine it from a posthuman methodology where the focus is on relations, rather than determinate actors or outcomes. My intervention here is twofold: to propose a framework for understanding the drone’s violence in its processes of disrupting and undoing relations, and relatedly to argue for the methodological and theoretical value of the posthuman. Numériser le virtuel: Mouvement et relations dans la guerre des drones
Changes in Volumetric Bone Mineral Density Over 12 Months After a Tibial Bone Stress Injury Diagnosis: Implications for Return to Sports and Military Duty
Authors: Popp Kristin L. , Ackerman Kathryn E. , Rudolph Sara E. , Johannesdottir Fjola , Hughes Julie M. , Tenforde Adam S. , Bredella Miriam A. , Xu Chun , Unnikrishnan Ginu , Reifman Jaques , Bouxsein Mary L. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Bone stress injuries (BSIs) occur in up to 20% of runners and military personnel. Typically, after a period of unloading and gradual return to weightbearing activities, athletes return to unrestricted sports participation or military duty approximately 4 to 14 weeks after a BSI diagnosis, depending on the injury location and severity. However, the time course of the recovery of the bone’s mechanical competence is not well-characterized, and reinjury rates are high. Purpose: To assess the bone microarchitecture and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) over 12 months after a tibial BSI diagnosis. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We enrolled 30 female athletes from the local community (aged 18-35 years) with a tibial BSI (grade ≥2 of 4 on magnetic resonance imaging) for this prospective observational study. Participants completed a baseline visit within 3 weeks of the diagnosis. At baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 52 weeks after the BSI diagnosis, we collected high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans of the ultradistal tibia (4% of tibial length) of the injured and uninjured legs as well as pain and physical activity assessment findings. Results: From baseline to 12 weeks after the diagnosis, total, trabecular, and cortical vBMD declined by 0.58% to 0.94% ( P < .05 for all) in the injured leg. Total and trabecular vBMD also declined by 0.61% and 0.67%, respectively, in the uninjured leg ( P < .05 for both). At 24 weeks, mean values for all bone parameters were nearly equivalent to baseline values, and by 52 weeks, several mean values had surpassed baseline values. Of the 30 participants, 10 incurred a subsequent BSI during the course of the study, and 1 of these 10 incurred 2 subsequent BSIs. Participants who suffered an additional BSI were younger and had a later age of menarche, a greater incidence of previous fractures, and lower serum parathyroid hormone levels ( P < .05 for all). Conclusion: Bone density declined in both the injured and the uninjured legs and, on average, did not return to baseline for 3 to 6 months after a tibial BSI diagnosis. The observed time to the recovery of baseline vBMD, coupled with the high rate of recurrent BSIs, suggests that improved return-to-sports and military duty guidelines may be in order.
Five-Year Follow-up of Microincisional Vitrectomy Surgery, Endolaser Tumor Ablation, and Gene-Expression Profiling in Small Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Murray Timothy G. , Villegas Victor M. , Bach Austin , Gold Aaron S. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This work evaluates a microincisional vitrectomy surgical (MIVS) approach to endolaser ablation of small uveal malignant melanoma by incorporating genetic tumor classification as a means to avoid radiotherapy while maintaining local tumor control without compromising visual acuity (VA). Methods: An institutional review board–approved, single-surgeon, retrospective analysis was conducted of a consecutive case series of all patients with tumors less than 2.5 mm in apical thickness who underwent MIVS, endolaser tumor ablation, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for small uveal melanoma between 2012 and 2015. Results: A total of 226 patients underwent FNAB from January 2012 to January 2015 for uveal melanoma. All 58 patients treated for a small uveal melanoma were included. This group of patients had a minimum follow-up of 60 months (range, 60-93 months). At initial diagnosis, subretinal fluid was present in 52 eyes (89.1%), macular edema was present in 24 eyes (41.4%), and epiretinal membrane was present in 11 eyes (20.1%). Fifty-six specimens (96.5%) received a molecular classification of either class 2 (4 of 56, 7.1%) or class 1 (52 of 56, 92.8%). Initial VA was 20/40 or better in 26 eyes (44.8%), and final VA was 20/40 or better in 48 of 58 eyes (82.8%). Conclusions: Endolaser tumor ablation delivered at MIVS surgery enables excellent tumor control (98.3%) and improves VA to better than 20/40 in more than 80% of treated eyes. FNAB achieves molecular classification in 96.5% of all patients undergoing treatment for small choroidal melanoma independent of tumor size.
Acute effect of ambient fine particulate matter on heart rate variability: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies
Authors: Niu Zhiping , Liu Feifei , Li Baojing , Li Na , Yu Hongmei , Wang Yongbo , Tang Hong , Chen Xiaolu , Lu Yuanan , Cheng Zilu , Liu Suyang , Chen Gongbo , Zhang Yuxiao , Xiang Hao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of autonomic system dysfunction, and is considered as a potential mechanism of increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) induced by exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). Previous studies have suggested that exposure to PM2.5 may lead to decreased HRV levels, but the results remain inconsistent.

Methods
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies till November 1, 2019 was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of exposure to ambient PM2.5 on HRV. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) to identify panel studies reporting the associations between exposure to PM2.5 and the four indicators of HRV (standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences in adjacent normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD), high frequency power (HF), and low frequency power (LF)). Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect estimates.

Results
A total of 33 panel studies were included in our meta-analysis, with 16 studies conducted in North America, 12 studies in Asia, and 5 studies in Europe. The pooled results showed a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure which was significantly associated with a − 0.92% change in SDNN (95% confidence intervals (95%CI) − 1.26%, − 0.59%), − 1.47% change in rMSSD (95%CI − 2.17%, − 0.77%), − 2.17% change in HF (95%CI − 3.24%, − 1.10%), and − 1.52% change in LF (95%CI − 2.50%, − 0.54%), respectively. Overall, subgroup analysis suggested that short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with lower HRV levels in Asians, healthy population, and those aged ≥ 40 years.

Conclusion
Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with decreased HRV levels. Future studies are warranted to clarity the exact mechanism of exposure to PM2.5 on the cardiovascular system through disturbance of autonomic nervous function.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of male and female flowers in Spinacia oleracea L
Authors: Li Ning , Meng Ziwei , Tao Minjie , Wang Yueyuan , Zhang Yulan , Li Shufen , Gao Wujun , Deng Chuanliang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Dioecious spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), a commercial and nutritional vegetable crop, serves as a model for studying the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in plants. However, this mechanism is still unclear. Herein, based on PacBio Iso-seq and Illumina RNA-seq data, comparative transcriptome analysis of male and female flowers were performed to explore the sex differentiation mechanism in spinach.

Results
Compared with published genome of spinach, 10,800 transcripts were newly annotated; alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation and lncRNA were analyzed for the first time, increasing the diversity of spinach transcriptome. A total of 2965 differentially expressed genes were identified between female and male flowers at three early development stages. The differential expression of RNA splicing-related genes, polyadenylation-related genes and lncRNAs suggested the involvement of alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation and lncRNA in sex differentiation. Moreover, 1946 male-biased genes and 961 female-biased genes were found and several candidate genes related to gender development were identified, providing new clues to reveal the mechanism of sex differentiation. In addition, weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that auxin and gibberellin were the common crucial factors in regulating female or male flower development; however, the closely co-expressed genes of these two factors were different between male and female flower, which may result in spinach sex differentiation.

Conclusions
In this study, 10,800 transcripts were newly annotated, and the alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation and long-noncoding RNA were comprehensively analyzed for the first time in spinach, providing valuable information for functional genome study. Moreover, candidate genes related to gender development were identified, shedding new insight on studying the mechanism of sex determination and differentiation in plant.
A genomic-clinicopathologic nomogram for predicting overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Kena , Zhou Qiang , Cai Congbo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common digestive tumor with great heterogeneity and different overall survival (OS) time, causing stern problems for selecting optimal treatment. Here we aim to establish a nomogram to predict the OS in HCC patients.

Methods
International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database was searched for the target information in our study. Lasso regression, univariate and multivariate cox analysis were applied during the analysis process. And a nomogram integrating model scoring and clinical characteristic was drawn.

Results
Six mRNAs were screened out by Lasso regression to make a model for predicting the OS of HCC patients. And this model was proved to be an independent prognostic model predicting OS in HCC patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of this model was 0.803. TCGA database validated the significant value of this 6-mRNA model. Eventually a nomogram including 6-mRNA risk score, gender, age, tumor stage and prior malignancy was set up to predict the OS in HCC patients.

Conclusions
We established an independent prognostic model of predicting OS for 1–3 years in HCC patients, which is available to all populations. And we developed a nomogram on the basis of this model, which could be of great help to precisely individual treatment measures.