bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of availability, demand, targets, economic growth and development of RE 2017-2050: Case study in Indonesia
Authors: Erdiwansyah Erdiwansyah , Mahidin Mahidin , Husin H. , Khairil Khairil , Zaki M. , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The potential for (RE) in Indonesia is quite abundant and is predicted to replace conventional energy which continues to experience depletion and depletion in the next few years. However, until now the use of RE has only reached 2% of the existing potential of 441.7GW overall. The main overview of this work is to investigate the availability of RE that can be utilized for electricity generation in Indonesia. National energy demand and targets in the long run during the 2017-2050 period are also discussed. Besides, government policies in supporting RE development are also considered in this work. The results show that the potential for RE in Indonesia can be utilized and might replace conventional energy for decades. Utilization of RE for electricity generation can be achieved with a government policy that supports the investor as the executor of RE development. The selling price of electricity from the use of RE is cheaper than fossils so that people's economy is more affordable. Finally, the government's target for the utilization of RE as the main energy in Indonesia can be done by implementing several policies for the development of RE. Thus, greenhouse gas emissions and the use of petroleum fuels can reduced.
Desulphurization of dibenzothiophene by different bacteria: A case study on model compound
Authors: Kumar Aniruddha , Singh Asha Lata , Singh Prakash K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Bacterial strains are successfully employed to desulfurize dibenzothiophene which may be determined by chromatography, HPLC and GC-Mass spectrometry. Strains of Ralstonia sp ., Pseudoxanthomons sp. and Rhodococcus sp. were used in the present investigation. Only Rhodococcus sp. was able to convert dibenzothiophene (DBT) into 2-hydroxy biphenyl (2-HBP). Gibb’s assay blue colour indicates the conversion of DBT into 2-HBP and brown colour indicates complete consumption of DBT by bacteria. After two days of bacterial treatment, there was no further removal of DBT. Conversion of DBT into 2-HBP was monitored through HPLC for six days of entire experiment.
Metabolic Syndrome in obese children – clinical prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Jankowska Agnieszka , Brzeziński Michał , Romanowicz-Sołtyszewska Anna Anna , Sidorkiewicz Agnieszka Szlagatys - 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Prevalence of childhood obesity increases worldwide. Some of the obese children develop metabolic syndrome (MetS) , who of them - remains to be determined. The aim of this study was indicate predisposing factors for metabolic syndrome,, especially those which can be modified.Methods: The study comprised 591 obese children aged 10-12 years. Clinical examination, anthropometry, biometric impedance analysis, blood works (incl. OGGT and insulinemia) as well as dietary evaluation and physical activity were estimated. Results: The risk factors of MetS or feature of this are: male, parent’s especially father’s obesity, low body mass at birth as well as omitting breakfast or dinner.Conclusions: There are few risk factors of metabolic syndrome in obese subjects, also in obese children. Some of these predictors can me modified, especially those referring to lifestyle. Indicating and then influencing these factors can be one way to diminish metabolic syndrome development, such improving health and quality of life. Besides certain socioeconomic effects could be gain too.
The C-reactive protein to albumin ratio is a prognostic factor for survival after pancreatic cancer resection
Authors: Wijk Laura van , de Klein Guus W. , Kanters Matthijs A. , Patijn Gijs A. , Klaase Joost M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Emerging evidence indicates that an elevated C-reactive protein-to-albumin (CRP/alb) ratio may be associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Further evidence showing that this ratio has significant prognostic value could contribute to current prediction models and clinical decision-making. Methods Data were analysed of consecutive patients who underwent curative pancreatic resection between 2013 and 2018 and were histologically diagnosed with PDAC. We investigated the relation between the preoperative CRP/alb ratio and overall survival. Results A total of 163 patients were analysed. Median overall survival was 18 months (IQR 9–36). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a higher CRP/alb ratio (HR 1.745, P = 0.004), a higher age (HR 1.062, P < 0.001), male sex (HR 1.977, P = 0.001), poor differentiation grade (HR 2.812, P < 0.001), and positive para-aortic lymph node(s) (HR 4.489, P < 0.001) were associated with a lower overall survival. Furthermore, a CRP/alb ratio ≥ 0.2 was associated with decreased overall survival (16 vs. 26 months, P = 0.003). Conclusion We demonstrated that an elevated CRP/alb ratio is an independent indicator of decreased overall survival after resection for PDAC. The preoperative CRP/alb ratio may be of additional value to the current prediction models.
Adaptive Immune Responses Mediated Age-related Plasmodium yoelii 17XL and 17XNL Infections in 4 and 8-week-old BALB/c Mice
Authors: Wang Qiu-bo , Du Yun-ting , Liu Fei , Sun Xiao-dan , Sun Xun , Chen Guang , Pang Wei , Cao Yaming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: As the quest to eradicate malaria continues, it is important to clarify the opposite clinical outcomes between childhood and adulthood. The relationship between adaptive immune response and age-related malaria infection remains unknown.Methods: 4 and 8-week-old mice were used to mimic childhood and adulthood, respectively. Parasitemia and the survival rate were monitored. The proportion and function of Th1 and Th2 cells were detected by FACS. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and Plasmodium yoelii MSP-1-special IgG were measured by ELISA.Results: Our results found that infant mice were more susceptible to P. yoelii 17XNL infection, with lower survival rate and higher parasitemia. The adult group showed greater resistance to P. yoelii 17XL infection, with lower parasitemia. Compared with 4-week-old mice, the percentage of CD4 + T-bet + IFN-γ + Th1 cells as well as IFN-γ production were significantly increased on day 5 p.i. in the 8-week-old mice after P. yoelii 17XNL infection. The percentage of CD4 + GATA3 + IL-4 + Th2 cells and CD4 + CXCR5 + Tfh cells, and IL-4 production in the 8-week-old mice obviously increased on day 5 and day 10 after P. yoelii 17XNL infection. Notably, the levels of total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and P. yoelii MSP-1-special IgG were also significantly increased in the 8-week-old mice. PD-1, a marker of exhaustion, was up-regulated on CD4 + or activated CD4 + T cells in the 8-week-old mice as compared to the 4-week-old group.Conclusions: Thus, we consider that enhanced cellular and humoral adaptive immunity might contribute to rapid clearance of malaria among adults, likely in a PD-1-dependent manner due to induction of CD4 + T cells exhaustion.
The Treatment of Microbubble Disease of 20th Century Cellulose Acetate Microfilm: Application of Ethyecellulose and Microrepair Method
Authors: Jia Zhihui , Li Jing , Li Yuhu , Qi Yunpeng , Hu Daodao , Xing Huiping , Chao Xiaolian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The microbubble disease of cellulose acetate microfilm is accompanied by the production of acetic acid syndrome, which has a negative influence on the integrity of image information. In the present study, cellulose acetate microfilm produced microbubble disease from the Republic of China (AD 1912-1949) collected in the Second Historical Archives of China is chosen as a prototype to study its treatment methods.A combination of optical microscopic and needle is carried out to remove plasticizer in microbubble for the first time. The plasticizer can be effectively removed by infiltrating n-butanol into the microbubble from a small hole broken by the needle. Owing to the unclear image information after plasticizer removed, the SEM and laser confocal microscopeare used to study the morphology and roughness of the inner surface of microbubble. It can be found that the unclear image informationis attributed to the light scattering from rough interface. Based on the advantages of ethyl cellulose in file protection, the optimal concentration of ethyl cellulose is selected and used to fill the interior of the microbubble to obtain clearer image information. To determine the protective potential of thisfilling materials,the chemical and mechanical properties of coated film after dry heat, hygrothermal andUVaccelerated aging are measured.Based on theabove-mentioned results, it is encouraging that a new microrepair method and its corresponding method are offered in film treatment work.
Sustainable Use of Fig Species Provides Nutrition and Medicine for Ethnic Minority Communities in the Southern Shan State of Myanmar
Authors: Mon Aye Mya , Shi Yinxian , Hein Pyae Phyo , Oo Thaung Naing , Whitney Cory W. , Yang Xuefei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Fig trees are ecological keystone species in many tropical regions and play important roles in the spirituality, nutrition and health for many rural communities. Although the tropical forests in Myanmar contain many fig species, little ethnobotanical knowledge on their uses has been recorded.Information about the uses and conservation related actions of figswould be helpful in development ofstrategic policy for sustainable use and biodiversity conservation of the country. We showcase the rich ethnobotanical knowledge as well as the variety of collection and conservation practices related to figs among five ethnic groups in Southern Shan State. Methods: We performed both key informant and semi-structured interviews with 114 informants from five ethnic groups. Their uses for figs were categorized according to local practices and recipes. Informants were asked about trends in conservation status over the past 10 years and any conservation related customs and practices. Data were analyzed quantitatively by use report (UR) and use value (UV). Results: Informants reported the uses of eight fig species (Ficusauricularta，F.concinna, F. geniculata，F. hispida, F. racemosa, F. religiosa，F. semicordata, and F. virens).F. geniculata and F. virens were most useful (UR = 228) and were used by all five ethnic groups, corresponding to a high use value (UV = 2). Treatments for 16 diseases were reported from seven species. Household consumption, economic, and sacred uses were accompanied by sustainable practices of harvest and protection. Traditional taboos, in situ and ex situ conservation were practiced especially for highly demanded species (F. geniculata and F. virens), and the sacred fig F. religiosa.Conclusion: Findings suggest that figs are useful for nutrition (all informants) and medicine (13.16% of the informants) in the study area. Traditional taboos, in situ and ex situ conservation practices help to maintain sustainable utilization of locally important figs. This is an early contribution to the traditional knowledge of edible figs. Although similar uses have been reported in neighboring countries for seven of the fig species, the ethnobotanical use of F. concinna is novel.
Kolliphor® HS 15-cyclodextrin Complex for the Delivery of Voriconazole: Preparation, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity
Authors: Li Yiqi , Zhu Chao , Wu Hui , Pan Hongchun , Liu Hong 
Published: May 2020

Background:
This study aimed to reduce the amount of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD) used in
the marketed voriconazole injections to meet the clinical needs of patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment
(creatinine clearance rate <50 mL/min).

Objective:
This study found that the surfactant Kolliphor® HS 15 (HS 15) and SBECD had significant synergistic
effects on solubilizing voriconazole, and a novel voriconazole complex delivery system (VRC-CD/HS 15) was
established.

Methods:
The complex system was characterized, and its antifungal activity was studied by dynamic light scattering,
dialysis bag method, disk diffusion, and broth microdilution.

Result:
Compared with the control, its encapsulation efficiency (90.07±0.48%), drug loading (7.37±0.25%) and zeta
potential (-4.36±1.37 mV) were increased by 1.54%, 41.19%, and 296.36%, respectively; its average particle size
(13.92±0.00 nm) was reduced by 15.69%, so the complex system had better stability. Simultaneously, its drug release
behavior was similar to that of the control, and it was a first-order kinetic model. Antifungal studies indicated that the
complex system had noticeable antifungal effects. With the increase of drug concentration, the inhibition zone
increased. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the complex system against Cryptococcus neoformans,
Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were 0.0313 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL and 128 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion:
It showed a significant inhibitory effect on C. neoformans and had a visible therapeutic effect on
Kunming mice infected with C. neoformans. Consequently, VRC-CD/HS 15 had better physicochemical properties
and still had an apparent antifungal effect, and was promising as a potential alternative drug for clinical application.
Role of Exosomes in the Exchange of Spermatozoa after Leaving the Seminiferous Tubule: A Review
Authors: Wu Luming , Ding Yuan , Han Shiqiang , Wang Yiqing 
Published: May 2020

Background:Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells upon fusion of an intermediate endocytic compartment with the plasma membrane. They refer to the intraluminal vesicles released from the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The contents and number of exosomes are related to diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Exosomes have been used in neurological research as a drug delivery tool and also as biomarkers for diseases. Recently, exosomes were observed in the seminal plasma of the one who is asthenozoospermia, which can affect sperm motility and capacitation.Objective:The main objective of this review is to deeply discuss the role of exosomes in spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule.Methods:We conducted an extensive search of the literature available on relationships between exosomes and exosomes in spermatozoa on the bibliographic database.Conclusion:: This review thoroughly discussed the role that exosomes play in the exchange of spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule and its potential as a drug delivery tool and biomarkers for diseases as well.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Qiu Jianguo , Tang Wei , Du Chengyou 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Immune checkpoint modulators, such as the programmed death protein-1
(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-associated antigen 4
(CTLA-4) inhibitor have been investigated with encouraging results for hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC). However, the safety of this strategy in patients with previous liver transplantation (LT) is not
well studied.

Objective:
To explore the safety and feasibility of immune checkpoints inhibitors in recurrent and
metastatic HCC patients on a background of LT.

Methods:
A case of recurrent, refractory, metastatic HCC after LT, where PD-1 inhibitor was initiated,
was described and related literature was reviewed.

Results:
There was complete remission in lung metastases and the partial radiological response of
metastatic retroperitoneal lymph node to the drug with no liver graft rejection after 13 cycles of PD-
1 inhibitor injection. PD-1inhibitor, at least in this patient, was verified to play an important role in
controlling tumor progression and prolonging patient survival.

Conclusions:
This novel drug might be a useful method to allow doctors to guarantee a better chance
for long-term survival in recurrent, metastatic HCC patients with the previous LT. However, it
should be used with caution in allograft recipients due to the risk of acute graft rejection, further
larger, prospective studies are needed to determine optimal immunomodulatory therapy to achieve
optimal anti-tumor efficacy with transplant liver preservation.
Digital Behavior Change Interventions for Younger Children With Chronic Health Conditions: Systematic Review
Authors: Brigden Amberly , Anderson Emma , Linney Catherine , Morris Richard , Parslow Roxanne , Serafimova Teona , Smith Lucie , Briggs Emily , Loades Maria , Crawley Esther 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic health conditions in childhood is increasing, and behavioral interventions can support the management of these conditions. Compared with face-to-face treatment, the use of digital interventions may be more cost-effective, appealing, and accessible, but there has been inadequate attention to their use with younger populations (children aged 5-12 years).ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to (1) identify effective digital interventions, (2) report the characteristics of promising interventions, and (3) describe the user’s experience of the digital intervention.MethodsA total of 4 databases were searched (Excerpta Medica Database [EMBASE], PsycINFO, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online [MEDLINE], and the Cochrane Library) between January 2014 and January 2019. The inclusion criteria for studies were as follows: (1) children aged between 5 and 12 years, (2) interventions for behavior change, (3) randomized controlled trials, (4) digital interventions, and (5) chronic health conditions. Two researchers independently double reviewed papers to assess eligibility, extract data, and assess quality.ResultsSearches run in the databases identified 2643 papers. We identified 17 eligible interventions. The most promising interventions (having a beneficial effect and low risk of bias) were 3 targeting overweight or obesity, using exergaming or social media, and 2 for anxiety, using web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Characteristics of promising interventions included gaming features, therapist support, and parental involvement. Most were purely behavioral interventions (rather than CBT or third wave), typically using the behavior change techniques (BCTs) feedback and monitoring, shaping knowledge, repetition and substitution, and reward. Three papers included qualitative data on the user’s experience. We developed the following themes: parental involvement, connection with a health professional is important for engagement, technological affordances and barriers, and child-centered design.ConclusionsOf the 17 eligible interventions, digital interventions for anxiety and overweight or obesity had the greatest promise. Using qualitative methods during digital intervention development and evaluation may lead to more meaningful, usable, feasible, and engaging interventions, especially for this underresearched younger population. The following characteristics could be considered when developing digital interventions for younger children: involvement of parents, gaming features, additional therapist support, behavioral (rather than cognitive) approaches, and particular BCTs (feedback and monitoring, shaping knowledge, repetition and substitution, and reward). This review suggests a model for improving the conceptualization and reporting of behavioral interventions involving children and parents.
Evaluation of an On-Demand Mental Health System for Depression Symptoms: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kunkle Sarah , Yip Manny , Ξ Watson , Hunt Justin 
Published: May 2020

Background
Depression is an extremely prevalent issue in the United States, with an estimated 7% of adults experiencing at least one major depressive episode in 2017. Although psychotherapy and medication management are effective treatments for depression, significant barriers in accessing care persist. Virtual care can potentially address some of these obstacles.

Objective
We conducted a preliminary investigation of utilization characteristics and effectiveness of an on-demand health system for reducing depression symptoms.

Methods
Data were analyzed from 1662 users of an on-demand mental health system that includes behavioral health coaching, clinical services (therapy and psychiatry), and self-guided content and assessments primarily via a mobile app platform. Measures included engagement characterized by mobile app data, member satisfaction scores collected via in-app surveys, and depression symptoms via the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) at baseline and 8-12 week follow-up. Descriptive statistics are reported for measures, and pre/post-PHQ-2 data were analyzed using the McNemar test. A chi-square test was used to test the association between the proportion of individuals with an improvement in PHQ-2 result and care modality (coaching, therapy, and psychiatry, or hybrid).

Results
During the study period, 65.5% of individuals (1089/1662) engaged only in coaching services, 27.6% of individuals (459/1662) were engaged in both coaching and clinical services, 3.3% of individuals (54/1662) engaged only in clinical services, and 3.7% of individuals (61/1662) only used the app. Of the 1662 individuals who completed the PHQ-2 survey, 772 (46.5%) were considered a positive screen at intake, and 890 (53.6%) were considered a negative screen at intake. At follow-up, 477 (28.7%) of individuals screened positive, and 1185 (71.3%) screened negative. A McNemar test showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of users experiencing depressed mood and anhedonia more than half the time at follow-up (P<.001). A chi-square test showed there was no significant association between care modality and the proportion of individuals with an improvement in PHQ-2 score.

Conclusions
This study provides preliminary insights into which aspects of an on-demand mental health system members are utilizing and levels of engagement and satisfaction over an 8-12 week window. Additionally, there is some signal that this system may be useful for reducing depression symptoms in users over this period. Additional research is required, given the study limitations, and future research directions are discussed.