bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Freshly Isolated Adipose Tissue-derived Stromal Vascular Fraction and Bone Marrow Cells in a Posterolateral Lumbar Spinal Fusion Model
Authors: Perdomo-Pantoja Alexander , Holmes Christina , Cottrill Ethan , Rindone Alexandra N. , Ishida Wataru , Taylor Maritza , Tomberlin Colson , Lo Sheng-fu L. , Grayson Warren L. , Witham Timothy F. 
Published: September 2020

Study Design.
Rat posterolateral lumbar fusion model.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of freshly isolated adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (A-SVF) and bone marrow cells (BMCs) cells in achieving spinal fusion in a rat model.

Summary of Background Data.
Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) offer advantages as a clinical cell source compared to bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs), including larger available tissue volumes and reduced donor site morbidity. While pre-clinical studies have shown that ex vivo expanded ASCs can be successfully used in spinal fusion, the use of A-SVF cells better allows for clinical translation.

Methods.
A-SVF cells were isolated from the inguinal fat pads, whereas BMCs were isolated from the long bones of syngeneic 6- to 8-week-old Lewis rats and combined with Vitoss (Stryker) bone graft substitute for subsequent transplantation. Posterolateral spinal fusion surgery at L4-L5 was performed on 36 female Lewis rats divided into three experimental groups: Vitoss bone graft substitute only (VO group); Vitoss + 2.5 × 106 A-SVF cells/side; and, Vitoss + 2.5 × 106 BMCs/side. Fusion was assessed 8 weeks post-surgery via manual palpation, micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging, and histology.

Results.
μCT imaging analyses revealed that fusion volumes and μCT fusion scores in the A-SVF group were significantly higher than in the VO group; however, they were not significantly different between the A-SVF group and the BMC group. The average manual palpation score was highest in the A-SVF group compared with the BMC and VO groups. Fusion masses arising from cell-seeded implants yielded better bone quality than nonseeded bone graft substitute.

Conclusion.
In a rat model, A-SVF cells yielded a comparable fusion mass volume and radiographic rate of fusion to BMCs when combined with a clinical-grade bone graft substitute. These results suggest the feasibility of using freshly isolated A-SVF cells in spinal fusion procedures.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Excess Pneumonia Mortality During a 2014–2015 Legionnaires’ Disease Outbreak in Genesee County, Michigan
Authors: Nelson Kristin N. , Binney Zachary O. , Chamberlain Allison T. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
From June 2014 to October 2015, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services reported an outbreak of 90 cases of Legionnaires’ disease, including 10 deaths, in Genesee County, Michigan. As Legionnaires’ disease is not routinely tested for as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia, we hypothesized that the size of the outbreak was underestimated.

Methods:
We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research data to compare pneumonia mortality in Genesee to similar counties from 2011 to 2017. We used data from the Genesee County Vital Records Division to assess geographic overlap of pneumonia mortality with reported Legionnaires disease cases by census tract.

Results:
We estimated 70.0 excess pneumonia deaths (90% uncertainty interval: 36–103) in Genesee County during the outbreak. Areas of high pneumonia mortality overlapped with those with high Legionnaires’ disease incidence.

Conclusions:
These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the Legionnaires’ disease outbreak was larger than reported. Earlier outbreak detection and response may have facilitated identification of additional cases.
Orbital Involvement by Biphenotypic Sinonasal Sarcoma With a Literature Review
Authors: Hanbazazh Mehenaz , Jakobiec Frederick A. , Curtin Hugh D. , Lefebvre Daniel R. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To document a case of a biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma that impinged on the orbit via a tumor-induced mucocele and review the previous literature devoted to this condition.

Methods:
A clinicopathologic case report with detailed histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and radiological studies with tabulations of previously reported cases and immunohistochemical stains for ruling out mimicking lesions.

Results:
A biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma arose from the ethmoid sinus in a middle-aged man. The tumor induced a mucocele that bowed the medial orbital lamina papyracea into the orbit and caused diplopia and mild proptosis. The biopsy’s dual positivity for S100 and smooth muscle actin together with positive paired box 3 immunohistochemical staining established the diagnosis of biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma.

Conclusion:
Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma, which can involve the orbit in 25% of cases, is a rare head and neck malignancy that has only recently been described. Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma is a low-grade, locally aggressive, nonmetastasizing sarcoma displaying both neural and muscle differentiation. It is further characterized by rearrangements of the PAX3 gene with multiple fusion partners, most commonly MAML3 (Mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 3). It occurs predominantly in middle-aged women and exclusively in the sinonasal tract. However, it can spread throughout the central facial structures to invade the brain if not detected early. Ophthalmologists should be aware of this new entity to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment. The previous literature devoted to this condition was reviewed and analyzed for clinical, radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features. In circumstances where molecular testing is not available, paired box 3 immunohistochemical staining can be used as an alternative diagnostic marker. The current case is most unusual because the orbital findings were induced by a mucocele caused by the tumor that obstructed the sinus ostium. This produced diplopia without direct tumor invasion into the orbital fat.
In vivo evaluation of a 1-piece foldable sutureless intrascleral fixation intraocular lens using ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment OCT
Authors: Mularoni Alessandro , Imburgia Aurelio , Forlini Matteo , Rania Laura , Possati Giovanna Linda 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the optic plate and haptics of a specially designed sutureless intrascleral-fixated intraocular lens (IOL) using ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, San Marino Hospital, Republic of San Marino.

Design:
Retrospective observational case series.

Methods:
Eyes that underwent intrascleral fixation with IOL implantation (Carlevale) were included. Preoperative and postoperative refractive outcomes were reported. Optic plate tilt and haptics position were assessed with ultrasound biomicroscopy, whereas intrascleral plug depth and conformation were evaluated with AS-OCT.

Results:
The study comprised 10 aphakic eyes. Postoperative visual acuity improved in all patients. At postoperative month 3, 3 eyes (30%) had a vertical tilt of more than 100 μm, whereas no horizontal tilt was observed in any patient. The mean vertical intraocular tilt was 0.19 ± 0.22 mm. Of 20 haptics, 13 (65%) passed through the ciliary sulcus, 4 (20%) posterior to the ciliary body, and 3 (15%) through the ciliary body. AS-OCT scans showed a mean intrascleral plug depth of 247.20 ± 62.82 μm in the nasal sector and 265.50 ± 30.11 μm in the temporal sector, with adequate integration of the T-shaped plugs in the scleral tissue.

Conclusions:
This secondary IOL showed good intraocular stability and safe haptics fixation, making it suitable for the intrascleral fixation technique. The specific foldable design results in a low predisposition to optic plate tilt and haptic torsion. In long eyes, the sulcus-to-sulcus distance should be carefully evaluated preoperatively because the flexible structure of the IOL could be subjected to excessive stretching.
Late spontaneous posterior capsule rupture after hydrophilic intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Yehezkeli Veronika , Wong John X.H. , Assia Ehud I. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To describe and discuss the presentation and management of 4 cases of late (17 to 20 years) postoperative spontaneous posterior capsule rupture (PCR) and intraocular lens (IOL) subluxation in eyes implanted with the same hydrophilic 1-piece IOL.

Setting:
Center for Applied Eye Research, Meir Medical Center and the Ein-Tal Eye Center, Israel.

Design:
Case series.

Methods:
Four patients presented with spontaneous rupture and posterior dislocation of the same design IOL (B-Lens) 17 to 20 years after implantation. No trauma or any other direct causative factor was identified in any of the cases.

Results:
Of the 4 cases reported, the IOLs were successfully repositioned to the ciliary sulcus and sutured to the scleral wall (1 case) or the iris (2 cases), and the IOL was stable in the sulcus without the need for further sutured fixation in 1 case, with effective vision restored in all cases.

Conclusions:
Spontaneous PCR is a rare postoperative complication and has not been reported, to the authors' knowledge, in cases without predisposing factors. A mechanism of late capsular tear was not confirmed, but the specific design of the IOL might have been a contributing factor.
Characteristics and influence of type 2 diabetes in cirrhosis ascites with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Xiaofei , Qi Ying , Zhao Yang , Wang Frank , Ma Hongyan , Qin Xuzhen , Fan Danni , Kong Xiangyi , Qi Zhihong , Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics and influence of type 2 diabetes in hepatocirrhosis ascites complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) to support clinical management of this condition.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to collect patients with hepatocirrhosis ascites with hospitalization from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2019. The patients were classified according to whether they had type 2 diabetes and SBP. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed on the data of the two groups.ResultsA total of 214 patients were enrolled in the study, including 121 males and 93 females; 21 diabetics and 193 non diabetics; 119 SBP patients and 95 control subjects. There were 18 cases of SBP in hepatocirrhosis ascites complicated with diabetes, accounting for 85.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the non-diabetic group. The times of ascites, age and hospitalization days of cirrhotic ascites complicated with diabetes were 2 (1-3) times, 74 (60-76) years old and 25 (15-36) days, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the non-diabetic group, P < 0.05. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes, the times of hepatocirrhosis ascites, hospitalization days and total bilirubin (TBIL) increased the independent risk factors of SBP in hepatocirrhosis ascites, with OR values of 5.126 (1.358-19.345), 1.949 (1.428-2.660), 1.028 (1.010-1.047), 1.006 (1.001-1.010), respectively (P < 0.05).Conclusionthe patients with hepatocirrhosis ascites complicated with diabetes showed older age, longer hospitalization time, more SBP and more ascites; diabetes mellitus, times of ascites, hospitalization days and TBIL increased the risk of SBP in hepatocirrhosis ascites.
Promoter-specific changes in initiation, elongation and homeostasis of histone H3 acetylation during CBP/p300 Inhibition
Authors: Hsu E , Zemke NR , Berk AJ 
Published: September 2020

SummaryRegulation of RNA Polymerase II (Pol2) elongation in the promoter proximal region is an important and ubiquitous control point for gene expression in metazoan cells. We report that transcription of the adenovirus 5 E4 region is regulated during the release of paused Pol2 into productive elongation by recruitment of the super elongation complex (SEC), dependent on promoter H3K18/27 acetylation by CBP/p300. We also establish that this is a general transcriptional regulatory mechanism for ∼6% of genes expressed with FPKM>1 in primary human airway epithelial cells. We observed that a homeostatic mechanism maintains promoter, but not enhancer H3K18/27ac in response to extensive inhibition of CBP/p300 acetyl transferase activity by the highly specific small molecule inhibitor A-485. Further, our results suggest a function for BRD4 association at enhancers in regulating paused Pol2 release at nearby promoters. Taken together, our results uncover processes regulating transcriptional elongation by promoter region histone H3 acetylation and homeostatic maintenance of promoter, but not enhancer, H3K18/27ac in response to inhibition of CBP/p300 acetyl transferase activity.
Longitudinal multi-omics along gingivitis development reveal a suboptimal-health gum state with periodontitis-like microbiome
Authors: Huang Shi , He Tao , Yue Feng , Xu Victor , Wang Spring , Zhu Pengfei , Teng Fei , Sun Zheng , Liu Xiaohui , Jing Gongchao , Su Xiaoquan , Jin Lijian , Liu Jiquan , Xu Jian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost adults experience episodes of gingivitis, which can progress to the irreversible, chronic state of periodontitis. However the mechanistic roles of plaque in gingivitis onset and progression to periodontitis remain elusive. Here, we integrated the longitudinal multi-omics data from plaque metagenome, metabolome and salivary cytokines in 40 adults who transit from naturally-occurring gingivitis (NG), to healthy gingivae (baseline) and then to experimental gingivitis (EG). During EG, rapid and consistent alterations in plaque microbiota, metabolites and salivary cytokines emerged as early as 24-72 hours after pause of oral hygiene, defining an asymptomatic ‘sub-optimal health’ (SoH) stage. SoH also features a steep and synergetic decrease of plaque-derived betaine andRothiaspp., suggesting an anti-gum-inflammation mechanism by health-promoting microbial residents. Global, cross-cohort meta-analysis revealed a high Microbiome-based Periodontitis Index at SoH state, due to its convergent taxonomical and functional profiles towards those of periodontitis. In contrast, caries SoH features a microbial signature very distinct from caries. Thus SoH is a universal state of polymicrobial inflammations with disease-specific features, which is key to maintaining a disease-preventive plaque.
Changes in the potential distribution of the guava fruit flyAnastrepha striata(Diptera, Tephritidae) during the current and possible future climate scenarios in Colombia
Authors: Amat Eduardo , Altamiranda-Saavedra Mariano , Canal Nelson A , Gómez-Piñerez Luz M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change has affected the geographical distributions of most species worldwide; in particular, insects of economic importance inhabiting tropical regions have been impacted. Current and future predictions of change in geographic distribution are frequently included in species distribution models (SDMs). The potential spatial distributions of the fruit flyAnastrepha striataSchiner (the main species of agricultural importance in guava crops) under current and possible future scenarios in Colombia were modeled, and the establishment risk was assessed for each guava-producing municipality in the country. The SDMs were developed using 221 geographical records in conjunctuin with nine scenopoetic variables. The model for current climate conditions indicated an extensive suitable area for the establishment ofA. striatain the Andean region, smaller areas in the Caribbean and Pacific, and almost no areas in the Orinoquia and Amazonian regions. A brief discussion regarding the area suitability for the fly is offered. The expansion of the suitable area was observed in all future scenarios; moreover, this effect was more pronounced in the Amazonian region. The Colombian guava-producing municipalities were classified according to the degree of vulnerability to the fly establishment as follows: 42 were high-risk, 16 were intermediate-risk, and 17 were low-risk. The implementation of future integrated management plans must include optimal spatial data and must consider environmental aspects, such as those suggested by the models presented here. Control decisions should aim to mitigate the positive relationship between global warming and the increase in the dispersal area of the fruit fly.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG at the epidemic peak in French Guiana
Authors: Flamand Claude , Enfissi Antoine , Bailly Sarah , Sarmento Christelle Alves , Beillard Emmanuel , Gaillet Mélanie , Michaud Céline , Servas Véronique , Clement Nathalie , Perilhou Anaïs , Carage Thierry , Musso Didier , Carod Jean-François , Eustache Stéphanie , Tourbillon Céline , Boizon Elodie , James Samantha , Djossou Félix , Salje Henrik , Cauchemez Simon , Rousset Dominique 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies are crucial for clarifying dynamics in affected countries and determining the route that has already been achieved towards herd immunity. While Latin America has been heavily affected by the pandemic, only a few seroprevalence studies have been conducted there.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was performed between 15 July 2020 and 23 July 2020 in 4 medical biology laboratories and 5 health centers of French Guiana, representing a period shortly after the epidemic peak. Samples were screened for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG directed against domain S1 of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the anti-SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from Euroimmun.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence was 15.4% [9.3%-24.4%] among 480 participants, ranging from 4.0% to 25.5% across the different municipalities. The seroprevalence did not differ according to gender (p=0.19) or age (p=0.51). Among SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals, we found that 24.6% [11.5%-45.2%] reported symptoms consistent with COVID-19.ConclusionsOur findings revealed high levels of infection across the territory but a low number of resulting deaths, which can be explained by young population structure.
Characteristic and Sex Differences in Auditory Function and Cochlear Pathophysiology in a Noise-exposed Cohort: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bei Li , Qixuan Wang , Lu Yang , Yun Li , Zhiwu Huang , Hao Wu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the characteristics and sex differences of auditory perception and cochlear function in individuals with long-term occupational noise exposure.MethodsYoung workers with long-term occupational noise exposure from a shipyard were recruited in the current study as the hidden hearing loss (HHL) risk group. Age-matched office workers in the same shipyard who had no occupational noise-exposure history were enrolled in the control group. The auditory processing ability of speech-in-noise (SIN) score and gap detection threshold (GDT) were further examined by sex. The cochlear function of action potential (AP) and summating potential (SP)/AP values were tested and compared by sex and side. The correlation between the SIN score and cochlear function was studied by sex. The correlation between either auditory processing ability or cochlear function and occupational-noise working length (OWL) was also analysed in the HHL risk group.ResultsSignificantly decreased SIN scores and a higher GDT of the 4 kHz gap marker were only found in men in the HHL risk group. Although the hearing thresholds of the women in the HHL risk group were slightly but significantly worse than those of the women in the control group, no significant defects in auditory processing or temporal resolution were found between the two groups. Significantly decreased cochlear function and increased SP/AP values in the left ear were only found in men in the HHL risk group. Neither the AP amplitude nor the AP latency differed significantly between the two groups by sex. A correlation study indicated that only the correlation between the SIN score and the AP amplitude of the right ear in men was significant. No significant difference was found between the SIN score and cochlear function in women. The AP latency of the right ear was only significantly correlated with OWL in men.ConclusionIn long-term occupational working exposure individuals with normal hearing, defects in auditory processing, temporal resolution and cochlear function showed sex differences, none of which were significant in women. In men, a weak correlation between the SIN score and the AP amplitude of the right ear was found. There was only a weak correlation between OWL and the AP latency of the right ear in men. Our findings indicate men are more vulnerable to occupational noise than women. Considering the noise-exposure dose differences between the control and HHL risk groups, our measures are insensitive to cochlear synaptopathy in humans.
Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review
Authors: Verdugo-Paiva F , Acuña P , Sola I , Rada G ,   COVID-19 L·OVE Working Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous and continuously updated summary of the evidence available on the role of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.MethodsWe adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question.Eligible studies were randomised trials evaluating the effect of remdesivir versus placebo or no treatment.We conducted searches in the L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform for COVID-19, a system that maps PICO questions to a repository maintained through regular searches in electronic databases, preprint servers, trial registries and other resources relevant to COVID-19. All the searches covered the period until 25 August 2020. No date or language restrictions were applied. Two reviewers independently evaluated potentially eligible studies according to predefined selection criteria, and extracted data on study characteristics, methods, outcomes, and risk of bias, using a predesigned, standardised form.We performed meta-analyses using random-effect models and assessed overall certainty in evidence using the GRADE approach.A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it every time the conclusions change or whenever there are substantial updates.ResultsOur search strategy yielded 574 references. Finally, we included 3 randomised trials evaluating remdesivir in addition to standard care versus standard care alone. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of remdesivir on mortality (RR 0.7, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.05; very low certainty evidence) and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.24; very low certainty evidence). On the other hand, remdesivir likely results in a large reduction in the incidence of adverse effects in patients with COVID-19 (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.84; moderate certainty evidence).ConclusionsThe evidence is insufficient for the outcomes critical for making decisions about the role of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, so it is not possible to balance the potential benefits, if any, with the adverse effects and costs.PROSPERO Registration numberCRD42020183384Abstract Figure