bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscope vision system based on micro laser line scanning for characterizing microscale topography
Authors: Mejía Alanís Francisco Carlos , Muñoz Rodriguez J. Apolinar 
Published: January 2020

A microscope vision system to characterize a microscale surface via micro laser line projection is presented. The characterization is performed by means of surface descriptors, which include the root mean square, kurtosis, skewness, homogeneity, entropy, contrast, and correlation. These descriptors are computed from surface irregularities, which are retrieved by means of the micro laser line projection. The characterization is carried out by an optical microscope system on which a CCD camera and a 36 µm laser line are attached. Thus, the microscope vision system projects the micro laser line on the surface, and the CCD camera captures the line reflection, which provides the surface contour. The contour dimension is computed via Bezier networks by means of the micro laser line coordinates. Thus, the surface descriptors are computed by means of the surface contour to accomplish the characterization. The proposed characterization improves the accuracy of the optical microscope imaging systems, which characterize the microscale surface by means of the gray-level intensity. Thus, the capability of the characterization via micro laser line projection is established by means of the descriptors’ accuracy. This contribution is corroborated by characterizing metal and paper surfaces.
Design of a compact and broadband terahertz polarization splitter based on gradient dual-core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Varshney R. K. , Kumar Sunil 
Published: January 2020

We report a broadband polarization splitter based on polyethylene photonic crystal fiber with microstructured dual refractive index gradient cores. These dual cores consist of a properly optimized arrangement of air holes such that for individual fibers

x

-polarized modes have large effective indices difference, while this index difference is almost zero for their

y

-polarized modes, leading to efficient coupling between the

y

-polarized modes. We have shown that by proper optimization of gradience created in the arrangement of air holes, efficient polarization splitting can be achieved for a broad range of terahertz frequencies. Device length and extinction ratio have been calculated numerically for the proposed configuration. Device length of

∼

1.96

to

∼

60

c
m

was found to be appropriate for frequencies in the 0.4–1.0 THz range to have high extinction ratios:

−

38

to

−

49

d
B

and

−

15

to

−

23

d
B

for the

x

and

y

polarizations, respectively. The bending loss for the proposed design is quite low:

∼

0.05

d
B

/

m

at 1 THz for the bend radius of 1 cm. These results suggest that a compact, low-loss, and broadband polarization splitter with very high extinction ratios can be achieved by wrapping the fiber around a small mandrel.
Parallel phase shifting radial shear interferometry with complex fringes and unknown phase shift
Authors: García-Lechuga Luis , Pérez-Luna Patricia , Flores Victor H. , Montes-Pérez Areli , Quiroz-Rodríguez Adolfo , Manuel Islas-Islas Juan , Toto-Arellano Noel-Ivan 
Published: January 2020

We present an interferometric method to analyze transparent samples using complex fringes generated by a parallel phase shifting radial shear interferometer using two coupled interferometers. Parallel interferograms are generated using two interferometers: the first one generates the polarized base pattern, and the second system is used to generate parallel interferograms allowing the adjustment of the

x
−
y

positions of the parallel interferograms. To obtain the optical phase map, parallel phase shift is generated by collocating polarizing filters at the output of the system; the polarizers are placed at arbitrary angles since they do not require adjustment because of the phase-recovery algorithm. The optical phase was processed using a two-step algorithm based on a modified Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization method. Such an algorithm has the advantage of not being iterative and is robust to amplitude modulation. The proposed method reduces the number of captures needed in phase-shifting interferometry. We applied the developed system to examine static and dynamics phase objects.
Minat Dan Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Jepang (Studi Kasus Terhadap Mahasiswa Jurusan Sastra Indonesia 2016/2017 FIB Undip)
Authors: Rahmah Yuliani 
Published: January 2020

(Title: Interest and Motivations in Japanese Learning) This article is the result of a case study for Japanese learners as the second foreign language. The large number of students taking Japanese language courses is the basis for this qualitative research. The respondent in this research was 70 Indonesian Literature students in 2016/2017. The purpose of this study research was to determine the interests and motivations of their interest in learning Japanese. There are four elements of interest and two types of motivation that are the focus of this research. With the questionnaire and interview methods, as a result it is known that the interest of the respondents is quite high based on the element of pleasure as the most answer. This element of pleasure includes the respondents' interest in the Japanese things such as anime,manga and festivals. In terms of motivation, it is indicated that the most of the respondent reason refers to type of integrative motivation. The emergence of that integrative motivation is based on their interest in the uniqueness of Japanese language and the attractiveness of Japanese cultural arts.
Russell’s Corrected Page Proofs of <em>Principia Mathematica</em>
Authors: Linsky Bernard , Blackwell Kenneth 
Published: January 2020

We report here on the set of complete proofs of Volumes I and II of Whitehead and Russell’s Principia Mathematica newly acquired by the Bertrand Russell Archives. These proof sheets, marked with a number of corrections, were likely bound for Russell by Cambridge University Press, though not exactly the same as the first edition. We assess the information to be gained from the texts and the corrections, most significantly around *110 in Vol. II and the lost dot of the empty relation in Vol. I. All are in Russell’s hand and described in an appendix. We also note several revisions in the first edition that were made after these proofs. We discuss the provenance of the volumes, and Russell’s correspondence about proofs of PM with M. H. Dziewicki, but we find that there is insufficient evidence to determine the chain of possession from Russell to their discovery for sale in Australia in recent years.
Effects of Soccer Match-Play on Unilateral Jumping and Interlimb Asymmetry: A Repeated-Measures Design
Authors: Bishop Chris , Read Paul , Stern Darren , Turner Anthony 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bishop, C, Read, P, Stern, D, and Turner, A. Effects of soccer match-play on unilateral jumping and interlimb asymmetry: a repeated-measures design. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 193–200, 2022—The aims of this study were two-fold: (a) determine the effects of repeated soccer match-play on unilateral jump performance and interlimb asymmetries and (b) examine associations between asymmetry and commonly reported external load variables collected during competition. Single-leg countermovement jumps and drop jumps were collected before and immediately after 5 soccer matches in elite academy soccer players. Global positioning system data were also collected during each match as part of the routine match-day procedures. Single-leg countermovement jump height and concentric impulse showed significant reductions after matches (p < 0.01; effect size [ES]: −0.67 to −0.69), but peak force did not (p > 0.05; ES: −0.05 to −0.13). Single-leg drop jump height and reactive strength also showed significant reductions after matches (p < 0.01; ES: −0.39 to −0.58). No meaningful reductions in asymmetry were present at the group level, but individual responses were highly variable. Significant associations between postmatch reactive strength asymmetry and explosive distance (r = 0.29; p < 0.05), relative explosive distance (r = 0.34; p < 0.05), high-speed running (r = 0.35; p < 0.05), and relative high-speed running (r = 0.44; p < 0.01) were observed. These findings show that unilateral jump tests are more appropriate than asymmetry to detect real change after soccer competition, and practitioners should be cautious about using asymmetry to inform decision-making during the temporal recovery period.
Concurrent Training Intensities: A Practical Approach for Program Design
Authors: Sousa António C. , Neiva Henrique P. , Izquierdo Mikel , Alves Ana R. , Duarte-Mendes Pedro , Ramalho André G. , Marques Mário C. , Marinho Daniel A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Sports performance is influenced by the interaction of several physical variables. For this reason, most sports need both strength and endurance capacities to maximize overall performance. Therefore, a combination of resistance and aerobic training, usually called concurrent training (CT), has been used recently as a way of simultaneously improving strength and aerobic performances according to the needs of a specific sport. This combination can be challenging and can influence training adaptations, being a problematic issue for coaches. The main objective is to provide coaches with a practical proposal for CT to improve athletes' performance in different sports.
Function, Innervation, and Neurotransmitter Signaling in Mice Lacking Type-II Taste Cells
Authors: Larson Eric D. , Vandenbeuch Aurelie , Anderson Catherine B. , Kinnamon Sue C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTheSkn-1atranscription factor (Pou2f3) is required for Type II taste cell differentiation in taste buds. Taste buds inSkn-1a-/-mice lack Type II taste cells but have a concomitant expansion of Type III cells, providing an ideal model to determine the relative role of taste cell types in response specificity. We confirmed that chorda tympani responses to sweet, bitter, and umami stimuli were greatly reduced in the knock-outs (KOs) compared with wild-type (WT) littermates.Skn-1a-/-mice also had reductions to NaCl that were partially amiloride-insensitive, suggesting that both Type II and Type III cells contribute to amiloride-insensitive salt detection in anterior tongue. We also confirmed that responses to sour stimuli are equivalent in the KOs, despite the large increase in the number of Type III taste cells. To examine their innervation, we crossed theHtr3a-GFP (5-HT3A-GFP) reporter mouse with theSkn-1a-/-mice and examined geniculate ganglion neurons for GFP expression and responses to 5-HT. We found no change in the number of 5-HT3A-expressing neurons with KO ofSkn-1a. Calcium imaging showed that only 5-HT3A-expressing neurons respond to exogenous 5-HT, while most neurons respond to ATP, similar to WT mice. Interestingly, despite loss of all Type II cells, the P2X3 antagonist AF353 blocked all chorda tympani responses. These data collectively raise questions pertaining the source of ATP signaling in the absence of Type II taste cells and whether the additional Type III cells are innervated by fibers that would have normally innervated Type II cells.
Interneuron Transplantation Rescues Social Behavior Deficits without Restoring Wild-Type Physiology in a Mouse Model of Autism with Excessive Synaptic Inhibition
Authors: Southwell Derek G. , Seifikar Helia , Malik Ruchi , Lavi Karen , Vogt Daniel , Rubenstein John L. , Sohal Vikaas S. 
Published: January 2020

Manipulations that enhance GABAergic inhibition have been associated with improved behavioral phenotypes in autism models, suggesting that autism may be treated by correcting underlying deficits of inhibition. Interneuron transplantation is a method for increasing recipient synaptic inhibition, and it has been considered a prospective therapy for conditions marked by deficient inhibition, including neuropsychiatric disorders. It is unknown, however, whether interneuron transplantation may be therapeutically effective only for conditions marked by reduced inhibition, and it is also unclear whether transplantation improves behavioral phenotypes solely by normalizing underlying circuit defects. To address these questions, we studied the effects of interneuron transplantation in male and female mice lacking the autism-associated gene,Pten, in GABAergic interneurons.Ptenmutant mice exhibit social behavior deficits, elevated synaptic inhibition in prefrontal cortex, abnormal baseline and social interaction-evoked electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and an altered composition of cortical interneuron subtypes. Transplantation of wild-type embryonic interneurons from the medial ganglionic eminence into the prefrontal cortex of neonatalPtenmutants rescued social behavior despite exacerbating excessive levels of synaptic inhibition. Furthermore, transplantation did not normalize recipient EEG signals measured during baseline states. Interneuron transplantation can thus correct behavioral deficits even when those deficits are associated with elevated synaptic inhibition. Moreover, transplantation does not exert therapeutic effects solely by restoring wild-type circuit states. Our findings indicate that interneuron transplantation could offer a novel cell-based approach to autism treatment while challenging assumptions that effective therapies must reverse underlying circuit defects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTImbalances between neural excitation and inhibition are hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of autism. Interneuron transplantation is a method for altering recipient inhibition, and it has been considered a prospective therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism. Here we examined the behavioral and physiological effects of interneuron transplantation in a mouse genetic model of autism. They demonstrate that transplantation rescues recipient social interaction deficits without correcting a common measure of recipient inhibition, or circuit-level physiological measures. These findings demonstrate that interneuron transplantation can exert therapeutic behavioral effects without necessarily restoring wild-type circuit states, while highlighting the potential of interneuron transplantation as an autism therapy.
Propylthiouracil-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and agranulocytosis in a patient with Graves’ disease
Authors: Tomkins Maria , Tudor Roxana Maria , Smith Diarmuid , Agha Amar 
Published: January 2020

Summary
This case is the first to describe a patient who experienced concomitant agranulocytosis and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis as an adverse effect of propylthiouracil treatment for Graves’ disease. A 42-year-old female with Graves’ disease presented to the emergency department (ED) with a 2-week history of fevers, night sweats, transient lower limb rash, arthralgia, myalgia and fatigue. She had been taking propylthiouracil for 18 months prior to presentation. On admission, agranulocytosis was evident with a neutrophil count of 0.36 × 109/L and immediately propylthiouracil was stopped. There was no evidence of active infection and the patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibodies and one dose of granulocyte colony-stimulation factor, resulting in a satisfactory response. On further investigation, ANCAs were positive with dual positivity for proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase. There was no evidence of end-organ damage secondary to vasculitis, and the patient’s constitutional symptoms resolved completely on discontinuation of the drug precluding the need for immunosuppressive therapy.

Learning points:

Continued vigilance and patient education regarding the risk of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis is vital throughout the course of treatment.

ANCA-associated vasculitis is a rare adverse effect of antithyroid drug use.

Timely discontinuation of the offending drug is vital in reducing end-organ damage and the need for immunosuppressive therapy in drug-induced ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Similarities in the pathogenesis of agranulocytosis and drug-induced ANCA-associated vasculitis may offer insight into an improved understanding of vasculitis and agranulocytosis.
Heroes in Lithuania: Aspect of (De-)Heroization, Case, Approach
Authors: Sviderskytė Gražina Kristina 
Published: January 2020

In this article, I explore a tendency of (de-)heroization in Lithuania during the 20th century. This research is focused on a historical hero, that is, a mental construct based on a historical prototype: a protagonist of the factual versus fictional narrative who was idealized, mythologized, and initiated to meet the current collective needs and demands. The aim can be generalized by the following questions: who is a historical hero and why is he important; what makes (de-)heroization relevant and how did/does it occur; why this phenomenon is relevant to Lithuania and how should it be further explored? The applied methodology involved a case study (an analysis of the transforming and transfigured heroes, the origin and evolution of the heroic narrative about Lithuanian-American pilots Stephen William Darius and Stanley [Thomas] Girch, aka Darius and Girėnas), a discourse analysis, and an interdisciplinary approach focusing on the heroism humanities in the context of the emerging transdisciplinary heroism science. The emergence and specificity of the heroic ideals – the Great Lithuanian and Winged Lithuanian – and types – the Warrior and Aviator – is explored, and the tendency of idealization and ideologization as well as inertia and stagnation in heroization processes are revealed. The resilience of the cult of power, as well as ideological relics of Lithuanian nationalism and even Soviet utopianism in the current heroism discourse, has led to an unsettling conclusion that the process of hero-making simultaneously and repeatedly involved an exalted idealization and deep depreciation of the heroic figures and their original ideas and/or achievements and of the historical past and historical heritage in general. This kind of (de-)heroization was an integral part of the construction of the Lithuanian mythical modernity.
Description of vowel in the first grammatical work of Tamil and Arabic: A contrastive analysis
Authors: Sundararaj D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract Tolkāppiyam and Al-Kitāb, these two grammatical texts are belonging to two different languages Tamil and Arabic. Tamil is a Dravidian family and Arabic is a Semitic family with different writing systems (Tamil-left to right; Arabic-right to left). These two grammatical texts are written in different historical period, Tolkāppiyam written in BC 300 and Al-Kitāb written in AD 800. Both are describes the vowels of respective language through different phonetic features. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate and analyze the articulatory treatment of vowels in the perspective of first grammatical work of respective languages. The first section of the paper is evaluating the articulatory treatment, theory, classification and phonetic frameworks of vowels in respective grammars, and the second section analyzing in contrastive and describes the commonness and differences between these two texts. This section finds out the commonness in the following features: articulatory treatment, descriptive and use of technical terms etc. The differences are found in the following features: order of the description of speech sounds, method of classification of vowels etc. ---AbstrakTolkāppiyam dan Al-Kitab adalah dua teks gramatikal yang menggunakan dua bahasa yang berbeda, yakni Tamil dan Arab. Ditinjau dari aspek rumpun bahasa, Tamil merupakan keluarga bahasa Dravida, sedangkan Arab adalah keluarga bahasa Semit. Sistem penulisan kedua bahasa itu berbeda bahasa Tamil memiliki sistem penulisan dari arah kiri ke kanan; sedankgan bahasa Arab memakai sistem penulisan dari arah kanan ke kiri. Kedua teks tata bahasa itu ditulis dalam periode sejarah yang berbeda, Tolkāppiyam ditulis dalam SM 300 dan Al-Kitab yang ditulis dalam AD 800. Keduanya menunjukkan vokal bahasa masing-masing, melalui fitur fonetik yang berbeda. Tujuan utama dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi dan menganalisis cara artikulasi vokal dalam perspektif tata bahasa, bahasa itu. Bagian pertama dari tulisan ini mengevaluasi cara artikulasi, teori, klasifikasi dan kerangka fonetik yang menunjukkan bunyi-bunyi vokal dalam tata bahasa masing-masing, dan bagian analisis kedua dilakukan tinjauan aspek kontrastif dan menggambarkan secara umum persamaan dan perbedaan antara dua teks tersebut. Pada kesempatan ini dipaparkan secara umum beberapa fitur antara lain: cara artikulasi, deskripsi dan penggunaan istilah teknis. Bertumpu kepeda beberapa fitur itu terdapat perbedaan yang ditemukan dalam fitur itu, yaknit: urutan deskripsi suara pidato, metode klasifikasi vokal dan beberapa fitur lainnya.DOI: 10.15408/al-turas.v23i1.4808
Polypropylene pipe interface strength on marine sandy soils with varying coarse fraction
Authors: de Leeuw Lawrence W. , Martin Gary , Milewski Henry , Dietz Matthew S. , Diambra Andrea 
Published: January 2020

The interface shear strength of polypropylene pipeline coatings and marine sandy soils was investigated through direct and surface-over-soil interface shear box testing. Polypropylene specimens were acquired by removal from existing manufactured steel pipes and test soils were fabricated to closely resemble typical compositions and particle size distributions of North Sea marine sediments. The test sands varied according to their coarse particle fractions, with 0, 15 and 35% being retained on a 0·4 mm sieve. Testing was carried out at the very low stresses pertinent to pipeline interfaces, between 2·5 and 37·5 kPa, in both loose and dense states. The experimental results suggest a dependency of the interface shear strength on the stress level and relative density, with the coarse particle fraction playing a modest role. Surface characterisation and lack of volumetric deformation suggests that the shearing kinematic is predominantly grain sliding rather than rolling. Interface efficiency was largely constant despite some scatter due to variability in surface specimens. The distinct seams apparent on some of the polypropylene surfaces as inherent manufacturing artefacts had a negligible influence on interface strength. The relationship between interface strength, normalised roughness and Shore D hardness was assessed, discussed and compared with results from other works.