bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multifaceted Reconstruction of the Population Structure and Life History Expressions of a Remnant Metapopulation of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout: Implications for Maintaining Intermittent Connectivity
Authors: Budy Phaedra , Thompson Paul D. , McKell Matt D. , Thiede Gary P. , Walsworth Tim E. , Conner Mary M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFishes that evolutionarily demonstrated a fluvial life history expression and migrated to spawning and rearing habitat by using lotic corridors are increasingly impacted by fragmentation. The overall goal of this study was to identify the contemporary importance of main‐stem connectivity and tributaries for maintaining life history expression, population structure, and viability of a large metapopulation of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout (BCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii utah persisting in the highly fragmented Weber River, Utah. We used a multifaceted approach, including active sampling, mark–recapture, passive PIT tag detection, otolith microchemistry, and genetics. We collected BCT in all tributaries and the main stem, encountering age‐0 fish in three tributaries, indicating successful reproduction. In tributaries, the size structure was bimodal and consisted of smaller fish that were classified as resident and larger fish that were deemed to be fluvial, whereas all sizes and ages (age ≥ 1) were present in the main stem. We identified up to eight age‐classes; tributaries were dominated by ages 2 and 8, and the main stem was dominated by ages 2, 5, 6, and 7. Tributary BCT had lower growth rates than BCT in the main stem. We observed a surprising degree of fluvial life history expression, and fish also demonstrated very complex movement patterns across their life span. Average apparent survival (33%) was within the range estimated in similar studies for BCT, and the resight rate was best explained by angler management regulations. The fact that BCT in the Weber River and tributaries still reproduce successfully in most years and are still able to grow into large, fluvial fish suggests that connectivity must be occasionally available despite considerable fragmentation. Therefore, this metapopulation may need little further human intervention if barriers to fish passage can be removed, thereby improving connectivity, and it represents a high‐priority metapopulation for conservation, thus highlighting the utility of our approach.
Global profiling of N6‐methyladenosine methylation in maize callus induction
Authors: Du Xuemei , Fang Ting , Liu Yan , Wang Meng , Zang Maosen , Huang Liying , Zhen Sihan , Zhang Jie , Shi Zichen , Wang Guoying , Fu Junjie , Liu Yunjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCallus induction is a dedifferentiation process that accompanies a cell fate transition, and epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in the process. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is an important mechanism in post‐transcriptional epigenetic regulation and functions in cell reprogramming. However, the function of m6A methylation during callus induction is still unknown. Here, we performed transcriptome‐wide m6A‐seq on immature maize embryos after culturing for 2, 4, or 8 days with or without the auxin analogue 2,4‐D. A total of 26,794 unique m6A peaks were detected from 17,456 maize genes; and 2,338 specific, 2,4‐D‐induced m6A peaks (D‐specific m6A) were detected only in embryos cultured with 2,4‐D. Furthermore, a positive correlation between m6A methylation and mRNA abundance was discovered in the genes with D‐specific m6A deposition, especially at the beginning of callus induction. Key genes involved in callus induction, i.e. BABY BOOM and LBD transcription factors, underwent m6A methylation, increasing their transcript levels, thus improving callus induction. These results revealed the importance of m6A methylation during the early stage of callus induction and provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of callus induction at an epitranscriptomic level.
Building Culturally and Linguistically Sustaining Spaces for Emergent Bilinguals: Using Read‐Alouds to Promote Translanguaging
Authors: Osorio Sandra Lucia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMultilingual students arrive in classrooms with rich language knowledge and funds of knowledge. Educators must recognize that emergent bilinguals speak multiple languages. They have one unitary language system; their language is bilingualism. Whether in a monolingual classroom setting or a multilingual setting, when working with emergent bilinguals, it is important that all of the students’ linguistic resources are welcomed into the classroom. The author describes how, as a first‐grade dual‐language (Spanish–English) teacher, she used children's literature and translanguaging to support her emergent bilinguals in using all of their linguistic resources to make meaning and build a linguistically sustaining space. The use of the text created a space for the teacher to model translanguaging and for the students to use all of their linguistic resources.
Mixed Sessions
Authors: Vasconcelos Vasco T. , Casal Filipe , Almeida Bernardo , Mordido Andreia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSession types describe patterns of interaction on communicating channels. Traditional session types include a form of choice whereby servers offer a collection of options, of which each client picks exactly one. This sort of choice constitutes a particular case of separated choice: offering on one side, selecting on the other. We introduce mixed choices in the context of session types and argue that they increase the flexibility of program development at the same time that they reduce the number of synchronisation primitives to exactly one. We present a type system incorporating subtyping and prove preservation and absence of runtime errors for well-typed processes. We further show that classical (conventional) sessions can be faithfully and tightly embedded in mixed choices. Finally, we discuss algorithmic type checking and a runtime system built on top of a conventional (choice-less) message-passing architecture.
Constructive Game Logic
Authors: Bohrer Rose , Platzer André 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGame Logic is an excellent setting to study proofs-about-programs via the interpretation of those proofs as programs, because constructive proofs for games correspond to effective winning strategies to follow in response to the opponent’s actions. We thus develop Constructive Game Logic, which extends Parikh’s Game Logic (GL) with constructivity and with first-order programs à la Pratt’s first-order dynamic logic (DL). Our major contributions include: 1. a novel realizability semantics capturing the adversarial dynamics of games, 2. a natural deduction calculus and operational semantics describing the computational meaning of strategies via proof-terms, and 3. theoretical results including soundness of the proof calculus w.r.t. realizability semantics, progress and preservation of the operational semantics of proofs, and Existential Properties on support of the extraction of computational artifacts from game proofs. Together, these results provide the most general account of a Curry-Howard interpretation for any program logic to date, and the first at all for Game Logic.
Soundness Conditions for Big-Step Semantics
Authors: Dagnino Francesco , Bono Viviana , Zucca Elena , Dezani-Ciancaglini Mariangiola 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe propose a general proof technique to show that a predicate is sound, that is, prevents stuck computation, with respect to a big-step semantics. This result may look surprising, since in big-step semantics there is no difference between non-terminating and stuck computations, hence soundness cannot even be expressed. The key idea is to define constructions yielding an extended version of a given arbitrary big-step semantics, where the difference is made explicit. The extended semantics are exploited in the meta-theory, notably they are necessary to show that the proof technique works. However, they remain transparent when using the proof technique, since it consists in checking three conditions on the original rules only, as we illustrate by several examples.
On Computability of Data Word Functions Defined by Transducers
Authors: Exibard Léo , Filiot Emmanuel , Reynier Pierre-Alain 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the problem of synthesizing computable functions of infinite words over an infinite alphabet (data $$\omega $$
ω
-words). The notion of computability is defined through Turing machines with infinite inputs which can produce the corresponding infinite outputs in the limit. We use non-deterministic transducers equipped with registers, an extension of register automata with outputs, to specify functions. Such transducers may not define functions but more generally relations of data $$\omega $$
ω
-words, and we show that it is PSpace-complete to test whether a given transducer defines a function. Then, given a function defined by some register transducer, we show that it is decidable (and again, PSpace-c) whether such function is computable. As for the known finite alphabet case, we show that computability and continuity coincide for functions defined by register transducers, and show how to decide continuity. We also define a subclass for which those problems are PTime.
On Well-Founded and Recursive Coalgebras
Authors: Adámek Jiří , Milius Stefan , Moss Lawrence S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper studies fundamental questions concerning category-theoretic models of induction and recursion. We are concerned with the relationship between well-founded and recursive coalgebras for an endofunctor. For monomorphism preserving endofunctors on complete and well-powered categories every coalgebra has a well-founded part, and we provide a new, shorter proof that this is the coreflection in the category of all well-founded coalgebras. We present a new more general proof of Taylor’s General Recursion Theorem that every well-founded coalgebra is recursive, and we study conditions which imply the converse. In addition, we present a new equivalent characterization of well-foundedness: a coalgebra is well-founded iff it admits a coalgebra-to-algebra morphism to the initial algebra.
Formalized Proofs of the Infinity and Normal Form Predicates in the First-Order Theory of Rewriting
Authors: Lochmann Alexander , Middeldorp Aart 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present a formalized proof of the regularity of the infinity predicate on ground terms. This predicate plays an important role in the first-order theory of rewriting because it allows to express the termination property. The paper also contains a formalized proof of a direct tree automaton construction of the normal form predicate, due to Comon.
Analysing installation scenarios of Debian packages
Authors: Becker Benedikt , Jeannerod Nicolas , Marché Claude , Régis-Gianas Yann , Sighireanu Mihaela , Treinen Ralf 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Debian distribution includes more than 28 thousand maintainer scripts, almost all of them are written in Posix shell. These scripts are executed with root privileges at installation, update, and removal of a package, which make them critical for system maintenance. While Debian policy provides guidance for package maintainers producing the scripts, few tools exist to check the compliance of a script to it. We report on the application of a formal verification approach based on symbolic execution to find violations of some non-trivial properties required by Debian policy in maintainer scripts. We present our methodology and give an overview of our toolchain. We obtained promising results: our toolchain is effective in analysing a large set of Debian maintainer scripts and it pointed out over 150 policy violations that lead to reports (more than half already fixed) on the Debian Bug Tracking system.
EMTST: Engineering the Meta-theory of Session Types
Authors: Castro David , Ferreira Francisco , Yoshida Nobuko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSession types provide a principled programming discipline for structured interactions. They represent a wide spectrum of type-systems for concurrency. Their type safety is thus extremely important. EMTST is a tool to aid in representing and validating theorems about session types in the Coq proof assistant. On paper, these proofs are often tricky, and error prone. In proof assistants, they are typically long and difficult to prove. In this work, we propose a library that helps validate the theory of session types calculi in proof assistants. As a case study, we study two of the most used binary session types systems: we show the impossibility of representing the first system in $$\alpha $$-equivalent representations, and we prove type preservation for the revisited system. We develop our tool in the Coq proof assistant, using locally nameless for binders and small scale reflection to simplify the handling of linear typing environments.
Solving Mean-Payoff Games via Quasi Dominions
Authors: Benerecetti Massimo , Dell’Erba Daniele , Mogavero Fabio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe propose a novel algorithm for the solution of mean-payoff games that merges together two seemingly unrelated concepts introduced in the context of parity games, small progress measures and quasi dominions. We show that the integration of the two notions can be highly beneficial and significantly speeds up convergence to the problem solution. Experiments show that the resulting algorithm performs orders of magnitude better than the asymptotically-best solution algorithm currently known, without sacrificing on the worst-case complexity.
Structural and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging of congenital lung malformations
Authors: Kellenberger Christian J. , Amaxopoulou Christina , Moehrlen Ueli , Bode Peter K. , Jung Andreas , Geiger Julia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
A radiation-free advanced imaging modality is desirable for investigating congenital thoracic malformations in young children.

Objective
To describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformations and investigate the ability of lung MRI for their classification.

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive MRI examinations performed for suspected congenital lung anomalies in 39 children (median age: 3.8 months, range: 2 days–15 years). Morphological and perfusion findings were characterised on respiratory-gated fast spin echo and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences obtained at 1.5 tesla. Abnormalities were classified independently by two readers and compared to an expert diagnosis based on pathology, surgery and/or other imaging.

Results
Main diagnoses included bronchopulmonary lesions in 33 patients, scimitar syndrome in 4 patients, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and oesophageal duplication cyst in one patient each. Of 46 observed abnormalities, 44 (96%) were classified correctly with very good interobserver agreement (96% concordance rate). The 39 detected lung lesions included isolated overinflation (17/39, 44%), cystic pulmonary airway malformation (8/39, 21%), bronchopulmonary sequestration (7/39, 18%), bronchogenic cyst (4/39, 10%) and hybrid lesion (3/39, 8%). All lung lesions presented as perfusion defect at peak pulmonary enhancement. Non-cystic lesions showed a delayed peak (median delay: 2.8 s, interquartile range: 0.5 to 4.0 s) in relation to normal lung parenchyma.

Conclusion
A dedicated lung MRI protocol including respiratory compensated sequences, dynamic angiography and perfusion is able to reliably delineate parenchymal and vascular components of congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. Therefore, MRI may be considered for comprehensive postnatal evaluation of congenital thoracic malformations.
Endogenous queue number determination in G/M/s systems
Authors: Alves Vasco F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a model for the endogenous determination of the number of queues in a G/M/s system. Customers arriving at a system where s customers are being served play a game, choosing between s parallel queues or one single queue. Equilibria are obtained for risk-neutral and risk-averse customers. With risk-neutral customers, both a single queue and multiple queues are equilibrium states. When risk-averse customers are considered, there is a unique single queue equilibrium. These results are discussed and suggestions for further research put forth.
Total cross sections in five methods for two-electron capture by alpha particles from helium: CDW-4B, BDW-4B, BCIS-4B, CDW-EIS-4B and CB1-4B
Authors: Belkić Dževad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work is on quantum-mechanical four-body distorted wave theories for double electron capture in collisions between fast heavy multiply charged ions and heliumlike atomic systems. The five widely used distorted wave methods of the first- and second-order in the perturbation series expansions are compared with the available experimental data on $$\alpha $$α–He collisions. These are the four-body boundary-corrected first Born (CB1-4B), the boundary-corrected continuum intermediate state (BCIS-4B), the Born distorted wave (BDW-4B), the continuum distorted wave (CDW-4B) and the continuum distorted wave-eikonal initial state (CDW-EIS-4B) methods.
We address the complete breakdown of the CDW-EIS-4B method at all impact energies within its expected validity domain (100–10000 keV). Further, the relative performance is evaluated of the second-order theories with and without the eikonalization of the two-electron Coulomb wavefunctions for double continuum intermediate states. Finally, at all the considered intermediate and high energies, the practical aspects of the studied five methods are investigated by protracted evaluations of the convergence rates of total cross sections as a function of the number of quadrature points per axis in numerical computations of multi-dimensional (3D-5D) integrals.
Challenges and lessons learned from using anchoring vignettes to explore quality of life response behavior
Authors: Topp Janine , Heesen Christoph , Augustin Matthias , Andrees Valerie , Blome Christine 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Asking patients to rate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of hypothetical individuals described in anchoring vignettes has been proposed to enhance knowledge on how patients understand and respond to HRQoL questionnaires. In this article, we describe the development of anchoring vignettes and explore their utility for measuring response shift in patients’ self-reports of HRQoL.

Methods
We conducted an explorative mixed-methods study. One hundred patients with multiple sclerosis or psoriasis participated in two interviews at intervals of 3–6 months. During both interviews, patients assessed HRQoL of 16 hypothetical individuals on the SF-12 questionnaire (two vignettes for each of the eight domains of the SF-12). In addition to these quantitative ratings, we used the think-aloud method to explore changes in patients’ verbalization of their decision processes during vignette ratings.

Results
Agreement of vignette ratings at baseline and follow-up was low (ICCs < 0.55). In addition, paired sample t-tests revealed no significant directional mean changes in vignette ratings. Thus, ratings changed non-directionally, neither confirming retest reliability nor a systematic change of assessment. Furthermore, patients’ verbalization of their decision processes did not indicate whether or not the assessment strategy of individual patients had changed.

Conclusions
Patients’ ratings of anchoring vignettes fluctuate non-directionally over time. The think-aloud method appears not to be informative in exploring whether these fluctuations are due to changes in the individual decision process. Overall, vignettes might not be an appropriate approach to explore response shift, at least with regard to the specific target population and the use of the SF-12.
Berufliche Zugänge zum Homeoffice
Authors: Mergener Alexandra 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Möglichkeiten der digitalen Vernetzung und standortunabhängigen Kommunikation in der Arbeitswelt lassen eine zunehmende Bedeutung von Homeoffice erwarten. Dabei sind die Chancen auf einen Homeofficezugang unter Beschäftigten ungleich verteilt. Bei der Erklärung dieser Chancenungleichheit kommt der Ebene des ausgeübten Berufs eine eigenständige Bedeutung zu. Die Analysen auf Basis der repräsentativen Erwerbstätigenbefragung des Bundesinstituts für Berufsbildung (BIBB) und der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) aus dem Jahr 2018 zeigen, dass es innerhalb der Berufe überwiegend Tätigkeiten sind, die den Zugang zum Homeoffice prägen. Die Chance auf einen Homeofficezugang steigt mit dem Ausmaß an kognitiven Tätigkeiten bei der Arbeit, während manuelle Tätigkeiten zu einer Verringerung dieser Chance führen. Die Ergebnisse verweisen darüber hinaus auf die Bedeutsamkeit spezifischer Einzeltätigkeiten, die einen Zugang zum Homeoffice ermöglichen (z. B. E‑Mails bearbeiten, Forschen oder auch Beraten, Recherchieren) oder eher verhindern (z. B. Bewirten, Reinigen oder Pflegen). Dabei hängt der Einfluss beruflicher Tätigkeiten auf den Homeofficezugang von der Betriebsgröße ab. Mit diesen Erkenntnissen schließt der explorativ ausgerichtete Beitrag eine Forschungslücke und ergänzt das Wissen über Berufseffekte im Kontext ungleicher Chancenverhältnisse auf dem Arbeitsmarkt.
Adherence to and persistence with zoledronic acid treatment for osteoporosis—reasons for early discontinuation
Authors: Spångeus Anna , Johansson Simon , Woisetschläger Mischa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Summary

This retrospective study reports 81% long-term (> 3 years) adherence to and 77% persistence with zoledronic acid (ZA) treatment in osteoporosis patients, with ZA being costfree for patients. Eight percent of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events (AEs), with a tendency of higher discontinuation rate in older patients.

Purpose
This study investigated (1) long-term adherence to and persistence with ZA treatment in a real-world setting, (2) extent to which an adverse reaction to ZA impacted on adherence and persistence, and (3) whether there were sex or age differences in patients that had early treatment termination (ETT) due to AEs and those who adhered to the regimen.

Methods
All patients treated with ZA at the Endocrinology Department at Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden between 2012 and 2017 were included. ETT was defined as < 3 ZA infusions, which was confirmed from patients’ medical records.

Results
A total of 414 patients were treated with ZA, with 81% receiving > 3 ZA infusions. Three-year persistence was 77% for a treatment window of 365 days ± 90 days (75% with 365 days ± 60 days window). The most common reason for ETT was AEs (8%), followed by medical conditions (5%), biological aging (3%), and other (e.g., lost to follow-up [3%]). Most patients who discontinued treatment because of AEs reported symptoms of acute-phase reaction, and tended to be older than those who adhered to treatment (74 ± 9 vs 70 ± 13 years, p = 0.064). There was no difference in sex ratio between the 2 groups (85% vs 90% females, p = 0.367).

Conclusion
Rates of long-term adherence to and persistence with ZA treatment were high with a pre-scheduled 3-year treatment regimen in the tax-financed Swedish healthcare system. AEs—mainly acute-phase reaction—were the most common reason for ETT, occurring in nearly 1 out of 10 patients.