bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of diurnal variation of pavement albedo between vertical and horizontal surfaces under tropical climatic condition of Thailand
Authors: Srivanit M , Jareemit D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Albedo is an important indicator of radiation reflectance of pavement surfaces for the building envelope and on the ground level, and their resultant impacts on human comfort and the urban environment in outdoor spaces. Usually, albedo is generally accepted only for horizontal surfaces. This study developed an experimental test set-up for the albedo measurement system with pyranometers and automatic meteorological data acquisition system, which used it to conduct field measurements of albedo on horizontal and vertical surfaces of the used concrete block. The results show that albedo measured on a horizontal surface is not proportional to irradiance on a vertical surface. The albedo value between the two surfaces depend upon time of day, and the horizontal surface also received significantly more incident solar radiation than the vertical surface during all but the central hours of the day, while at reflected solar radiation on vertical irradiances were less than the horizontal. These results can help reduce the uncertainty in understanding and evaluating the thermal behaviour of the building and environmental impacts of pavement surfaces with different albedos in the outdoor urban space.
Risk-assessment of hydropower plant susceptible to seismic hazard by 3D spectrum analysis
Authors: Roslan L , Ahmadi R , Lau K K F , Trinh L T , Rosyadi M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recently, new fault zones are identified in central Borneo due to the ongoing geomorphological anomalies along the Rajang-Crocker Belt. The Kapit-Belaga region along the Rajang River system are located in between active trending strike-slip faults. By 2025, this region will have 3 operational large hydropower dams namely, Bakun, Murum and Baleh which are approximately 120 km apart in radius. Even though central Borneo is known to be a stable area, the assessment of seismic risk for existing dams is vital. The seismic failure of Konya Dam, India in 1967 proved that occurrences of catastrophic earthquake in low seismicity region is possible. Furthermore, earthquake frequency model shows that it is plausible for the Crocker fault system to produce seismic ruptures of magnitudes ≥7.0. The research of risk-assessment for hydropower in this work is motivated by the possibility of larger seismic hazard within the Crocker fault system. Hypothetical seismic loadings from Tosya and Aydin earthquakes’ records are adopted as inputs to replicate long-distance waves for the Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) by ANSYS© ACADEMIC. Results show that tensile zone develops at the reservoir bed, extending to the dam foundation. When the seismic load is at 0.625 g Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) – which is equivalent to magnitude 6.0 earthquake, the mechanical responses of the dam body excitation and hydrodynamic pressure from the impact of the reservoir due to seismic excitation triggers structure failure at the mid crest and bottom of the dam.
Direct Displacement-Based Design (DDBD) applied to dual wall-frame buildings and steel concentric braced frames
Authors: Ccahuana W. , Coronel J. , Soto J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
One of the most efficient seismic design methodologies is Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD) because it considers the inelastic range of the structure. There are several investigations on the application of this methodology in frames, structural wall and bridges, but those related to steel structures with concentric bracing are scarcer. The objective of this investigation is to determine the damping parameters and the seismic responses of a dual concrete building and one of concentrically braced steel frames, to later compare their base loads and displacements. The procedure first determines the design offset for the 1GDL model; then the desired responses are obtained by this displacement. This methodology uses an effective stiffness, which is composed of an elastic and an inelastic state of the structure to determine seismic responses.
Theme park of renewable energies for mitigation of CO2 in the urban area of the district of Chorrillos, Peru
Authors: Rodriguez Ciro , Esenarro Doris , Alburquerque Celso , Vega Michelle , Ramirez Valeri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The “Pantanos de Villa” is a natural habitat that conserves the high biodiversity of species and acts as the lung of the city, which is considered a wetland of international importance. This is being threatened by an inadequate infrastructure existing in the Lucchetti factory that attempts against the biodiversity of wetlands, for which the following project is proposed whose main objective is the mitigation of CO2 caused by polluting gases. Along with this, the integration of the neighbors with the swamps will be encouraged, through the design of an ecological and bio-sustainable park destined for recreational practices and sports, being a pleasant meeting point for families and tourists. With the theme park of clean technologies, the importance of these technologies for the sustainable development of the district will be reflected, without neglecting the natural beauty of the swamps located in front of the park. It will have spaces to enjoy nature, as well as the application of renewable energies. With the construction of this project, more significant economic development will be obtained. Visits to both the park and the swamps will be generated and increased, contributing and motivating the care and conservation of our environment and environmental awareness.
Aggregation of Thai arborist judgments on urban tree hazard inventories used to determine tree health at single-tree level
Authors: Kaewkhow S , Srivanit M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tree risk assessment has evolved greatly in recent years, from ground-based visual hazard inspection methods. In this paper, we focus on Thai arborist judgment aggregations on the common optimization of urban tree hazard inventories by using the visual tree assessment (VTA) method to develop qualitative risk assessments for tree risk mitigation. The aim of this study was to develop a tree hazard inventory identifies at single-tree level based on 35 parameters with interviewing arborist experts. And then to assess parameters that are relevant to the VTA method, content validity analysis used as the basis for screening the optimal tree inventories. The results showed that VTA inventories as having 11 parameters and the definition was clarified on tree health assessment at single-tree level. Understanding the tree inventories and tree hazard level can promote management decisions that will improve public health and environmental quality in urban areas of Thailand.
Distribution of permethrin on laminated bamboo after the preservative treatment using SC-CO2 as a carrier solvent
Authors: Uslinawaty Z , Muin M , Suhasman  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the presence of the insecticide permethrin and its retention gradients within the structure of laminated bamboo after treatment using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as the carrier solvent. the presence of permetrin was based on functional group differences indicated by FT-IR analyses before and after the preservative treatment. Permethrin retentions in the treated bamboo materials ranged from 0.0020 to 0.0022%. This result indicated that the preservative treatment of laminated bamboo using SC-CO2 as a carrier solvent produced evenly distributed chemical an effective level. There was no signicant distribution gradient of the preservative observed over the layers of the treated laminated bamboo arranged with outer-inner surface laminations. The current treatment condition is potential to produce laminated bamboo products completely resistant to biodegradation.
Potential use of fully wood based sandwich panel for house component in Indonesia for disaster mitigation and rapid built: A review
Authors: Malik J , Trisatya D R , Abdurachman  
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndonesia is one of the most disaster-prone countries on the earth. The disasters, particularly earthquake and landslide, ussualy result in loss and damage of human shelters. In regards to the housing, mitigation or disaster risk reduction by selecting proper house component materials is important. This paper discuss on fully wood based sandwich panel that could replace other materials for wall part of the house. The study shows that wood in various forms of derivative products remain preferable building material for housing due to several advantages. Wood-based sandwich panels with veneer or plywood at the facing (face/back) and solid or laminated board for the core are promising products to be used to rapid-built houses for the mitigation and reconstruction of disaster areas.
Adaptability of Ganitri (Elaeocarpus ganitrus) on degraded land of community forests in Tasikmalaya Distric, West Jawa Province
Authors: Sudomo A , Dendang B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Elaeocarpus ganitrus is one of the prospective Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) species in the community forest. The wood can be used for building and music tool raw material. Specific products in the form of seeds are used as medicine, handicrafts, and traditional ceremonies. The aim of the research was to study the adaptability of A. ganitrus on degraded land of community forests in Tasikmalaya. Plot establishment was conducted in Gunungtandala Village, Kawalu Sub District and Tasikmalaya District, West Java Province. The spacing of this trial is 3 × 3 m with 2300 number of seedlings. The research showed that the survival of A. ganitrus in the total area reached 70.6%. The percentage of A. ganitrus life starting from the largest is 98% on flat land, 96% on slope land and 18% on steep land. Survival and growth prove that A. ganitrus are able to grow in this site. The slope factor greatly affects the vegetative and generative growth of E. ganitrus. There is a tendency that he stressed vegetative growth of E. ganitrus on steep land encourages generative growth with the appearance of flowers. Most of the E. ganitrus plants start flowering at the age of 3.5 years. The recommendation of this study is the use of A. ganitrus species in NTFP development on marginal lands in community forests. This species is also used in the restoration of the conservation area.
Quality of rattan board with lamination process using tannin-based adhesives
Authors: Santoso A , Pari R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of rattan with a diameter of more than 30 mm as rattan laminated board has prospective opportunities in the market. This paper presents research results on the quality of theCalamus zollingerirattan board glued using tannin adhesive fromAcacia mangiumbark extract. Rattan boards were laminated with 3 glue spread (100, 150, and 200 g/m2surface) and 2 pressing temperature (60°C and 100°C). The quality of gluing was analyzed by testing the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission. Results showed that the best quality of rattan laminated board was observed in 150 g/m2surface glue spread and 60°C pressing temperature application. The formaldehyde emission of products was still within safe level comply with JAS 234-2003 standards.
Changes in the density, specific gravity and dimensional stability of candlenut wood (Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.) from several variation temperatures with oil-heat treatment
Authors: Azis A , Yunianti A D , Agussalim A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuality of inferior woods can be improved with wood modification technology. There are some wood modification technologies available, one of them is oil-heat treatment. Candlenut wood (Aleurites moluccanus(L.) Willd.) is one of low-quality wood species with limited utilization. Efforts to improve the properties of wood are needed for more optimal utilization. This research was conducted to improve physical properties of candlenut wood namely density, specific gravity, and dimensional stability by applying oil-heating treatment at various temperatures (160, 180 and 200°C) for one hour. Physical properties of wood were tested according to ASTM D143-94. The result showed candlenut wood in oil-heat treatment as better than control. Density and specific gravity of wood increased by 25.13% and 26.97%, respectively, and the dimensional stability also increased as well, shown by the reduction of hygroscopic properties of wood at tangential and radial directions by 22%. The best treatment selected for candlenut wood with temperature of 160°C.
Determination of optimum formulation of tusam (Pinus merkusii) tannin bark with resorcinol and formaldehyde
Authors: Hajriani S , Yunianti A D , Suhasman S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Adhesive is the one of main components that used for producing composite wood. The quality of the adhesive can affect the strength of the composite wood. However, adhesives which commonly used are synthetic adhesives that contain a lot of formaldehyde emissions and have negative impact on our health. To reduce its use, we need an alternative adhesive from natural raw materials. Tannin is a phenolic compound has been widely studied that can be used as a bio adhesive for wood composites. The main source of tannin for adhesive is derived from bark. One type of wood bark that contains tannins is tusam wood bark. Tannins have a high reactivity against formaldehyde. This study aims to determinate the optimum formula of tannin which is copolymerized with resorcinol and formaldehyde. Tannin is obtained by extracting wood bark with hot water. The optimum formula of tannins and resorcinol (TR) result is determined by the stiasny numbers, while the optimum formula of tannins and formaldehyde (TF) are determined by identification of solid content. The addition of resorcinol affects the percentage of stiasny number, the greater the formula of resorcinol added, the higher value of stiasny number, wherein the reactivity of tannin to formaldehyde increases. The addition of formaldehyde also affects the results of tannin formaldehyde solid content, the more addition of formaldehyde, the percentage of solid content decreases.
Variation in density and shrinkage of six eucalyptus species and interspecific hybrid combinations at three sites in Northern New South Wales
Authors: Listyanto T , Nichols J D , Glencross K , Schoer L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the variation of density and shrinkage at radial and axial directions of nine eucalypt taxas at three different sites (Muller, Convery, and Ironbolt). The data used in this research was collected from six years old trials of nine Eucalyptus taxa at those three sites. Density and shrinkage were collected from 145 selected trees based on British Standard (BS 373 1957). A two-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD were used to analysis density and shrinkage parameters. The effect of site, taxa, and interaction between sites and taxas on oven-dry density and shrinkage were statistically significant different (p<0.05). In terms of density, Corymbia variegata provenance Wodum had the highest oven-dry density at 781 kg/m3 (CV=11.7%). There was a significant variation in oven-dry density at the radial and axial directions. The oven-dry density at Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of all taxas, except E. cloeziana and the hybrid E. grandis x E. camaldulensis, tended to be lower than at the top point of measurement (TMS). In terms of variation in the radial direction, there were three types of trends of oven-dry density from pith outward. In terms of shrinkage, C. variegata provenance Richmond and Wodum, and E. saligna had the lowest radial shrinkage, tangential shrinkage and T/R ratio, while E. dunnii and E. pilularis showed the highest one. Another important finding is that the hybrid between E. grandis x E. camaldulensis and E. urophylla x E. grandis showed higher radial and tangential shrinkage than their parent species (E. grandis).
Comparing wood anatomy of root and stem of Syzygium sp from natural tropical forest of Papua
Authors: Rahayu Y , Husodo S B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Root and stem wood anatomy of Syzygiumspfrom the natural tropical forest of Fakfak Districts, Papua Barat, Indonesia were studied. The study focused on vessel, fiber and parenchyma. Growth increments are not distinct, yet we observed that Syzygiumsphas diffuse porosity and predominantly paratracheal with winged aliform of axial parenchyma in the wood of both root and stem. Many qualitative features were varying in the same way in both root and stem: simple perforation plates in vessel elements; large areas of axial parenchyma in both root and stem wood. Quantitative features differing between root and stem wood were evaluated using t-test, and vessel frequency, vessel element length, vessel diameter, percentage of tree wood’s tissues, and vulnerability are differed. Root wood had vessels density/frequency, narrower and longer vessel elements. We assumed that root wood is less vulnerability of embolism compared to the stem wood as the narrower of the vessel diameter and the higher percentage of parenchyma area. Roots seem to be more susceptible to water stress and the stain than the stem as seen in the percentage and the dimension of the vessel and parenchyma.
Methanol soluble extractives of Pinus merkusii bark and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Masendra  , Purba B A V , Lukmandaru G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe major function of bark in trees is to protect the living tissues. This is due to the chemical extractives in the bark such as polyphenols and terpenoids. In Indonesia, the bark ofPinus merkusiiis of high economic value due to its use in the production of wood and oleoresins. Also, the presence of polyphenols in its bark has the potential of being used as antioxidant agents. Based on this, the aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant activity from the methanol extract ofP. merkusii bark.This methanol extract ofP. merkusiiwas subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method and antioxidant activity assay using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The GC-MS analysis showed that the extract sample contained phenolics and sugars as minor compounds with fatty acids and alcohols as major components. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of the sample was 1452.8 ± 208 μg/mL, which could be as a result of the presence of phenolic compounds, fatty acids and alcohols, as well as steroids and alkaloid in it.
Preparation and characterization of Gigantochloa robusta activated carbon to reduce COD levels of pharmaceutical waste
Authors: Saputra N A , Saputra I S , Yuniarti K , Andianto  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Activated carbon prepared from Gigantochloa robusta was studied to reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels in pharmaceutical-liquid waste. Physical activator was used to produce Activated Carbon (AC) in temperature regulation of 750°C retort for 60 minutes. Dosage of AC powder were 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% of 250 mL of pharmaceutical waste, respectively. Retention time variations of 30, 60, and 90 minutes were used in laboratory scale experiments. Proximate analysis including volatile substances, water content, ash content, fixed carbon and I2 adsorption were observed to characterize AC. This research shows that the produced AC successfully meets the SNI 06-3730-1995 standards. The study results show variations in COD removal between 9-23%. The best result was performed by the AC dosage of 0.75% over a 60 minutes retention time.
Microwave assisted dilute organic acid pre-treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch to improve enzyme accessibility
Authors: Solihat N N , Hermiati E , Adi D T N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel is intriguing for researchers to find sustainable energy. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is abundant biomass in Indonesia which is potential to be converted into bioethanol because of its high cellulose content. Suitable pre-treatment could increase the effectiveness of cellulose conversion into sugars. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Microwave-assisted Oxalic Acid pre-treatment (MOxA) and Enzymatic Hydrolysis (EH) to improve enzyme accessibility through variation of heating temperature, irradiation time, and EH incubation time. The higher the microwave heating temperature, longer irradiation time, and longer EH incubation time, the higher the glucose yield per pulp (GY) and reducing sugar yield (RSY) were observed. After MOxA at 200°C-15 min, as much as 43.22 % GY per initial biomass was obtained by EH for 10 days. SEM images showed more ruptures on the surface area of OPEFB fibre after MOxA that supported in increasing of enzyme digestibility. The XRD spectra demonstrated that the crystallinity index (CI) increased after MOxA because pre-treatment reduced amorphous components in the biomass. In addition, the FTIR spectra showed that peak intensity at 1714 cm−1 corresponded to hemicellulose was gradually reduced after MOxA while peaks corresponded to lignin was more discernible.
Biopellet properties of agathis wood fortified with its peeled-off bark
Authors: Wistara N J , Bahri S , Pari G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The agathis bark is expected to increase the energy content and durability of the resulting biopellet. The present research was aimed to analyze chemical components of agathis and to determine the quality of agathis wood biopellet fortified with it loosen bark. The klason lignin, extractives, holocellulose and α-cellulose content of wood and bark of the agathis were determined following the standard procedures of TAPPI T 222 0m-88, TAPPI T 204 0m-88, and Browning (1967), respectively. Biopellets of 15 mm diameter were prepared with pelletizing pressure of 1500 psi. The moisture content, ash content, density, durability, and calorific value of the resulting biopellet were compared to those required by DIN EN 14961-2 and 51731 standards. The α-cellulose and holocellulose content of the agathis bark were found lower than these of its wood. However, its klason lignin, extractive, and ash content were higher than these of its wood. The resulting biopellet retained the density of 0.61-0.71 g/cm3, moisture content of 0.42-4.52%, ash content of 0.79-2.73%, durability of 21.26-44.59%, and calorific value of 4,524-4,628 kcal/kg. Except for that of the biopellet density and durability, all parameters satisfied the requirements of DIN EN standards. Thermal analysis of biopellet showed that water loss occurred at 36-100°C and significant mass decomposition between 100 up to 475°C with the weight loss of 77.34-80.51%. No further decomposition was found at above 480°C.