bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Aspects of Platinum Group Metal‐Based Solid‐Solution Alloy Nanoparticles: Binary to High‐Entropy Alloys
Authors: Kusada Kohei , Wu Dongshuang , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlatinum group metal (PGM) nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated in a variety of research fields such as catalysis and electronics. Alloying has been recognized as one of the most efficient ways of improving or creating properties in metals. Among the types of alloys, solid‐solution alloy NPs have the advantage of being capable of continuously changing their properties by tuning their composition. However, synthesizing PGM solid‐solution alloy NPs with any combination and composition is not an easy task owing to the metallurgical aspects. In this minireview, the focus is on recent advances in PGM‐based solid‐solution alloy NPs, and in particular those with immiscible alloy systems. Concepts, synthesis, and properties of the alloy NPs are introduced, and the existing challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
Synthesis and Tunable Optical Properties of C,N‐Chelated Borate Luminophores Derived from Potassium Acyltrifluoroborates
Authors: Taguchi Jumpei , Matsuura Satsuki , Seki Tomohiro , Ito Hajime 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new class of borate luminophores has been synthesized by a simple two‐step reaction using potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) as starting materials. The hydrazones obtained from reactions between KATs and 2‐hydrazinopyridines followed by a cyclization resulted in the unprecedented formation of C,N‐chelated six‐membered bora‐heterocycles. Under consideration of the results of DFT and TD‐DFT calculations, four luminophores based on such bora‐heterocycles are designed and synthesized, which exhibit a tunable fluorescence range from blue to red in the solid state. Moreover, one of the luminophores exhibits mechanofluorochromism from blue to yellow/green. As a result of the aforementioned mechanochromism of one of these luminophores, white‐color emission was achieved by simply mixing the four luminophores.
Improved Performance of Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells Using Urea Treatment in Two‐Step Processing
Authors: Xu Tingting , Sun Xuelin , Cao Weiwei , Qin Xiulan , Gurung Ashim , Lv Shaoshen , Chen Yonghua , Chen Lixin , Huang Wei , Qiao Qiquan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cell has made a steady research progress with superior photovoltaic power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 25%. The quality of perovskite film is a key factor affecting device efficiency. Lewis bases such as urea, DMSO and thiourea etc. have been applied in perovskite precursor solutions for one step processing to effectively control the film morphology. Herein, we report urea treatment in a two‐step processing for obtaining high quality methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) film, which is accomplished by immersing the PbI2 film into the mixture solution of urea/methylammonium iodide (MAI). The optimized urea concentration in the MAI solution is 0.4 mg/mL, leading to larger‐sized and better crystalline perovskite grains than that without urea additive. The main function of the urea additive is the formation of the adduct MAI⋅PbI2⋅O=C(NH2)2, retarding the crystallization process of the perovskite film. The steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements revealed that perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 grown using optimized concentration of urea has prolonged carrier lifetime and reduced carrier recombination. Finally, the carbon‐based perovskite solar cells fabricated from the optimal urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL achieved the enhanced photovoltaic performance with the highest PCE of 13.10% and an average value of 11.34%, in comparison to devices without urea treatment exhibiting an average PCE of only 8.67%.
Sensitivity reduction of degree histogram publication under node differential privacy via mean filtering
Authors: Lan Sun , Xin Huang , Yingjie Wu , Yongyi Guo 
Published: December 2019

SummaryPublication of nodes' degree information in the form of histogram provides useful information about the graph as well as the risk of privacy disclosure. Under the robust protection of node‐differential privacy (node‐DP), publishing result's accuracy mainly depends on the global sensitivity of this publishing task. Thus, the reduction of sensitivity is of great importance. Existing methods for degree histogram publication under node‐DP are mostly based on limitation of maximum degree, whose sensitivity is still high, leading an unbearable noise scale. In this paper, we innovatively propose a method to tackle this issue. Firstly, we introduce mean filtering to process the histogram, almost halve the original sensitivity. Then, we use a series of techniques to further improve publishing accuracy, instituting a complete workflow for degree histogram publication under node‐DP. Experimental results show that our method effectively improves the accuracy.
Medical image fusion method by using Laplacian pyramid and convolutional sparse representation
Authors: Liu Feiqiang , Chen Lihui , Lu Lu , Ahmad Awais , Jeon Gwanggil , Yang Xiaomin 
Published: December 2019

SummaryMedical image fusion is a technology of combining multi‐modal images to generate a composite image, which is favorable to improve the capability of doctors in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. In order to achieve good performance, a fusion method by combining Laplacian pyramid (LP) and convolutional sparse representation (CSR) is proposed. In the proposed fusion method, LP transform is performed on each pair of pre‐registered computed tomography image and magnetic resonance image to obtain their detail layers and base layer. Then, the base layer is fused with a CSR‐based approach, whereas the detail layers are merged using the popular “max‐absolute” rule. Finally, the fused image is reconstructed by performing the inverse LP transform over the fused base layer and detail layers. The advantages of our method are that the texture detail information contained in source images can be fully extracted and the overall contrast of the final fused image will not be decreased. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Evaluation of performance portability frameworks for the implementation of a particle‐in‐cell code
Authors: Artigues Victor , Kormann Katharina , Rampp Markus , Reuter Klaus 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper reports on an in‐depth evaluation of the performance portability frameworks Kokkos and RAJA with respect to their suitability for the implementation of complex particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation codes, extending previous studies based on codes from other domains. At the example of a particle‐in‐cell model, we implemented the hotspot of the code in C++ and parallelized it using OpenMP, OpenACC, CUDA, Kokkos, and RAJA, targeting multi‐core (CPU) and graphics (GPU) processors. Both Kokkos and RAJA appear mature, are usable for complex codes, and keep their promise to provide performance portability across different architectures. Comparing the obtainable performance on state‐of‐the art hardware, but also considering aspects such as code complexity, feature availability, and overall productivity, we finally draw the conclusion that the Kokkos framework would be suited best to tackle the massively parallel implementation of the full PIC model.
Translational Knowledge Discovery Between Drug Interactions and Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Wu Heng‐Yi , Shendre Aditi , Zhang Shijun , Zhang Pengyue , Wang Lei , Zeruesenay Desta , Rocha Luis M. , Shatkay Hagit , Quinney Sara K. , Ning Xia , Li Lang 
Published: December 2019

Clinical translation of drug‐drug interaction (DDI) studies is limited, and knowledge gaps across different types of DDI evidence make it difficult to consolidate and link them to clinical consequences. Consequently, we developed information retrieval (IR) models to retrieve DDI and drug‐gene interaction (DGI) evidence from 25 million PubMed abstracts and distinguish DDI evidence into in vitro pharmacokinetic (PK), clinical PK, and clinical pharmacodynamic (PD) studies for US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and withdrawn drugs. Additionally, information extraction models were developed to extract DDI‐pairs and DGI‐pairs from the IR‐retrieved abstracts. An overlapping analysis identified 986 unique DDI‐pairs between all 3 types of evidence. Another 2,157 and 13,012 DDI‐pairs and 3,173 DGI‐pairs were identified from known clinical PK/PD DDI, clinical PD DDI, and DGI evidence, respectively. By integrating DDI and DGI evidence, we discovered 119 and 18 new pharmacogenetic hypotheses associated with CYP3A and CYP2D6, respectively. Some of these DGI evidence can also aid us in understanding DDI mechanisms.
The effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate reputation and firm financial performance: Moderating role of responsible leadership
Authors: Javed Muzhar , Rashid Muhammad Amir , Hussain Ghulam , Ali Hafiz Yasir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDrawing on stakeholder theory and contingency theory, this study examines the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on corporate reputation and financial performance of Pakistani firms with a moderating role of responsible leadership. Perceptual data on CSR, reputation, and performance were collected from 224 senior‐level Pakistani managers through a questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results reveal that socially responsible initiatives for disparate stakeholders significantly and positively influence corporate reputation and financial performance. Moreover, CSR–reputation and CSR–performance direct relationships were found to be negatively moderated by responsible leadership. It suggests that when socially responsible firms have leaders with strong stakeholder values, they practice excessive CSR that hurts performance.
Durable Cathodes and Electrolyzers for the Efficient Aqueous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Nwabara Uzoma O. , Cofell Emiliana R. , Verma Sumit , Negro Emanuela , Kenis Paul J. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe world emits over 14 gigatons of CO2 in excess of what can be remediated by natural processes annually, contributing to rising atmospheric CO2 levels and increasing global temperatures. The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) to value‐added chemicals and fuels has been proposed as a method for reusing these excess anthropogenic emissions. While state‐of‐the‐art CO2RR systems exhibit high current densities and faradaic efficiencies, research on long‐term electrode durability, necessary for this technology to be implemented commercially, is lacking. Previous reviews have focused mainly on the CO2 electrolyzer performance without considering durability. In this Review, the need for research into high‐performing and durable CO2RR systems is stressed by summarizing the state‐of‐the‐art with respect to durability. Various failure modes observed are also reported and a protocol for standard durability testing of CO2RR systems is proposed.
Gel–Emulsion‐Templated Polymeric Aerogels for Water Treatment by Organic Liquid Removal and Solar Vapor Generation
Authors: Liu Jianfei , Yang Hui , Liu Kaiqiang , Miao Rong , Fang Yu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe importance of water cannot be overstated. It is the most important natural resource for our survival and development. The development of suitable materials for efficient water purification will provide a critical contribution for sustainable water use. In this context, a gel–emulsion‐templated synthesis of a polymeric aerogel has been developed for water treatment. Owing to its hydrophobic nature, the aerogel shows high sorption (nearly 20 times its weight) for organic liquids, such as toluene, phenol, and nitrobenzene, and can be used to remove them from water. The aerogel shows low thermal conductivity (0.032 W m−1 K−1) and excellent light absorption efficiency (>92 %) after carbonization, which provides the possibility for the construction of an interfacial solar vapor generation system. The as‐prepared materials are used to develop a two‐step approach to remove both organic and inorganic contaminants (salts) from water. Importantly, the aerogel shows excellent reusability and high efficiency both for oil sorption and for solar vapor generation. Moreover, the low cost and easy scale‐up of the preparation process lay a solid foundation for practical application. It is anticipated that the prepared aerogels would contribute not only to water purification but also to other related areas.
Carryover effects of temperature and pCO2 across multiple Olympia oyster populations
Authors: Spencer Laura H. , Venkataraman Yaamini R. , Crim Ryan , Ryan Stuart , Horwith Micah J. , Roberts Steven B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPredicting how populations will respond to ocean change across generations is critical to effective conservation of marine species. One emerging factor is the influence of parental exposures on offspring phenotype, known as intergenerational carryover effects. Parental exposure may deliver beneficial or detrimental characteristics to offspring that can influence larval recruitment patterns, thus shaping how populations and community structure respond to ocean change. Impacts of adult exposure to elevated winter temperature and pCO2 on reproduction and offspring viability were examined in the Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) using three populations of adult, hatchery‐reared O. lurida, plus an additional cohort spawned from one of the populations. Oysters were sequentially exposed to elevated temperature (+4°C, at 10°C), followed by elevated pCO2 (+2,204 μatm, at 3,045 μatm) during winter months. Male gametes were more developed after elevated temperature exposure and less developed after high pCO2 exposure, but there was no impact on female gametes or sex ratios. Oysters previously exposed to elevated winter temperature released larvae earlier, regardless of pCO2 exposure. Those exposed to elevated winter temperature as a sole treatment released more larvae on a daily basis but, when also exposed to high pCO2, there was no effect. These combined results indicate that elevated winter temperature accelerates O. lurida spermatogenesis, resulting in earlier larval release and increased production, with elevated pCO2 exposure negating effects of elevated temperature. Altered recruitment patterns may therefore follow warmer winters due to precocious spawning, but these effects may be masked by coincidental high pCO2. Offspring were reared in common conditions for 1 yr, then deployed for 3 months in four estuarine bays with distinct environmental conditions. Offspring of parents exposed to elevated pCO2 had higher survival rates in two of the four bays. This carryover effect demonstrates that parental conditions can have substantial ecologically relevant impacts that should be considered when predicting impacts of environmental change. Furthermore, Olympia oysters may be more resilient in certain environments when progenitors are pre‐conditioned in stressful conditions. Combined with other recent studies, our work suggests that the Olympia may be more equipped than other oysters for the challenge of a changing ocean.
Female loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta L.) rarely remate during nesting season
Authors: Lasala Jacob A. , Hughes Colin , Wyneken Jeanette 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the consequences of single versus multiple paternity by identifying paternity of clutches per female to identify whether there were detectable costs or benefits. Multiple mating can occur when the benefits of mating outweigh the costs, but if costs and benefits are equal, no pattern is expected. Previous research on loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) populations found male‐biased breeding sex ratios and multiple mating by many females nesting in southwestern Florida. A sample of nesting loggerhead females who laid more than one nest over the course of the season and a subset of their hatchlings were examined from 36 clutches in 2016 on Sanibel Island, Florida. Males that fathered hatchlings in the first clutch sampled were identified in subsequent clutches. Interestingly, 75% of the females analyzed had mated singly. No male was represented in more than one female's clutches. The results suggest that females likely mate at the beginning of the season and use stored sperm for multiple clutches. Evidence for mating between laying events was limited. There was no consistent pattern across the subsequent multiple paternity clutches, suggesting benefits to loggerhead females likely equal their costs and subsequent mating is likely determined by female preference.
Association between blooming time and climatic adaptation in Prunus mume
Authors: Shi Ting , Luo Wenjie , Li Hantao , Huang Xiao , Ni Zhaojun , Gao Haidong , Iqbal Shahid , Gao Zhihong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. is an important fruit crop of the subtropical region, originating in China. It blooms earlier than other deciduous fruit trees, but different regions have different blooming periods. The time of anthesis is related to the dormancy period, and a certain amount of chilling promotes bud break and blooming. To identify the relationship between blooming time and the climatic adaptation of P. mume cultivars in China, the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of 19 cultivars from the main cultivation areas of P. mume in China were resequenced. The average depth of coverage was 34X–76X, and a total of 388,134 single nucleotide polymorphisms were located within the coding regions of the gene (CDs). Additionally, the 19 cultivar accessions were divided into three groups based on their blooming time: early, mid, and late. Associated with the blooming time groups, 21 selective sweep regions were identified, which could provide evidence supporting the possible model of P. mume domestication originating due to natural selection. Furthermore, we identified a flowering gene, FRIGIDA‐LIKE 3 (FRL3), seems to affect the blooming time and the climatic adaptation of P. mume cultivars. This study is a major step toward understanding the climatic adaptation of P. mume cultivars in China.
Alternative stable states in inherently unstable systems
Authors: Mushet David M. , McKenna Owen P. , McLean Kyle I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlternative stable states are nontransitory states within which communities can exist. However, even highly dynamic communities can be viewed within the framework of stable‐state theory if an appropriate “ecologically relevant” time scale is identified. The ecologically relevant time scale for dynamic systems needs to conform to the amount of time needed for a system's community to complete an entire cycle through its normal range of variation. For some systems, the ecologically relevant period can be relatively short (eg, tidal systems), for others it can be decadal (eg, prairie wetlands). We explore the concept of alternative stable states in unstable systems using the highly dynamic wetland ecosystems of North America's Prairie Pothole Region. The communities in these wetland ecosystems transition through multiple states in response to decadal‐long climate oscillations that cyclically influence ponded‐water depth, permanence, and chemistry. The perspective gained by considering dynamic systems in the context of stable‐state theory allows for an increased understanding of how these systems respond to changing drivers that can push them past tipping points into alternative states. Incorporation of concepts inherent to stable‐state theory has been suggested as a key scientific element upon which to base sustainable environmental management.
Analysis of evolutionary relationships provides new clues to the origins of weedy rice
Authors: Han Bing , Ma Xiaoding , Cui Di , Wang Yanjie , Geng Leiyue , Cao Guilan , Zhang Hui , Koh Hee‐Jong , Han Longzhi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWeedy rice (WR) (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is considered to be a pest in modern rice production systems because it competes for resources, has poor yield characteristics, and subsequently has a negative effect on rice grain yield. The evolutionary relationships among WR, landrace rice (LR), improved rice (IR) cultivars, and wild rice are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a population genetic analysis based on neutral markers and gene haplotypes in 524 rice accessions and a comparative transcriptomic analysis using 15 representative samples. The results showed that WR populations have the highest level of genetic diversity (He = 0.8386) and can be divided into two groups (japonica‐type and indica‐type). The japonica‐type WR accessions from Heilongjiang province (HLJ), Jilin province (JL), Liaoning province (LN), and NX provinces clustered with the landraces grown in these same provinces. The indica‐types from Jiangsu province (JS) also clustered with the indica‐type landraces from JS province. Comparative transcriptome analysis of WR‚ IR and LR from HLJ, JL, and LN provinces showed that the WR still clustered with the LR, and that the IR lines comprise a single population. Thirty‐two differentially expressed genes were shared by the IR and LR groups as well as between the IR and WR groups. Using Gene ontology (GO) analysis, we identified 19 shared GO terms in the IR and LR groups as well as between the IR and WR groups. Our results suggest that WR populations in China have diverse origins, and comparative transcriptome analysis of different types of rice from HLJ, JL, and LN provinces suggests that IR populations have become a end point in the evolution of WR, which provides a new perspective for the study of WR origins and lays a solid foundation for rice breeding.