bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analysis of the Vitreous Body in Proliferative and Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Duong Van-An , Ahn Jeeyun , Han Na-Young , Park Jong-Moon , Mok Jeong-Hun , Kim Tae Wan , Lee Hookeun 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), one of the major microvascular complications commonly occurring in diabetic patients, can be classified into Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) and Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR). Currently available therapies are only targeted for later stages of the disease in which some pathologic changes may be irreversible. Thus, there is a need to develop new treatment options for earlier stages of DR through revealing pathological mechanisms of PDR and NPDR.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to characterize proteomes of diabetic through quantitative analysis of PDR and NPDR.

Methods:
Vitreous body was collected from three groups: control (non-diabetes mellitus), NPDR, and PDR. Vitreous proteins were digested to peptide mixtures and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. MaxQuant was used to search against the database and statistical analyses were performed using Perseus. Gene ontology analysis, related-disease identification, and protein-protein interaction were performed using the differential expressed proteins.

Results:
Twenty proteins were identified as critical in PDR and NPDR. The NPDR group showed different expressions of kininogen-1, serotransferrin, ribonuclease pancreatic, osteopontin, keratin type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal, and transthyretin. Also, prothrombin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 4, hemoglobin subunit alpha, beta, and delta were particularly up-regulated proteins for PDR group. The up-regulated proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades. Statherin was down-regulated in PDR and NPDR compared with the control group. Transthyretin was the unique protein that increased its abundance in NPDR compared with the PDR and control group.

Conclusion:
This study confirmed the different expressions of some proteins in PDR and NPDR. Additionally, we revealed uniquely expressed proteins of PDR and NPDR, which would be differential biomarkers: prothrombin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, hemoglobin subunit alpha, beta, and transthyretin.
The Antitumor Effects of Britanin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and its Real-Time Evaluation by In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging
Authors: Li Hanrui , Du GeTao , Yang Lu , Pang Liaojun , Zhan Yonghua 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma is cancer with many new cases and the highest mortality rate.
Chemotherapy is the most commonly used method for the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Natural
products have become clinically important chemotherapeutic drugs due to their great potential for pharmacological
development. Many sesquiterpene lactone compounds have been proven to have antitumor effects on hepatocellular
carcinoma.

Objective:
Britanin is a sesquiterpene lactone compound that can be considered for the treatment of hepatocellular
carcinoma. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of britanin.

Methods:
BEL 7402 and HepG2 cells were used to study the cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of britanin. Preliminary
studies on the nuclear factor kappa B pathway were conducted by western blot analysis. A BEL 7402-luc subcutaneous
tumor model was established for the in vivo antitumor studies of britanin. In vivo bioluminescence imaging
was conducted to monitor changes in tumor size.

Results:
The results of the cytotoxicity analysis showed that the IC50 values for britanin in BEL 7402 and HepG2
cells were 2.702μM and 6.006μM, respectively. The results of the colony formation demonstrated that the number of
cells in a colony was reduced significantly after britanin treatment. And the results of transwell migration assays
showed that the migration ability of tumor cells was significantly weakened after treatment with britanin. Tumor
size measurements and staining results showed that tumor size was inhibited after britanin treatment. The western
blot analysis results showed the inhibition of p65 protein expression and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax after
treatment.

Conclusion:
A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that britanin had good antitumor effects and
provided an option for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
Modulating Pluripotency Network Genes with Omega-3 DHA is followed by Caspase- 3 Activation and Apoptosis in DNA Mismatch Repair-Deficient/KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells
Authors: Mahmoudi Nazila , Delirezh Nowruz , Sam Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2020

Background:Targeting DNA mismatch repair-deficient/KRAS-mutant Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells (CRCSCs) with chemical compounds remains challenging. Modulating stemness factors Bmi-1, Sox-2, Oct-4 and Nanog in CRCSCs which are direct downstream targets of carcinogenesis pathways may lead to the reactivation of caspase-3 and apoptosis in these cells. Omega-3 DHA modulates different signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. However, little is known, whether in vitro concentrations of DHA equal to human plasma levels are able to modulate pluripotency genes expression, caspase-3 reactivation and apoptosis in DNA mismatch repair-deficient/KRAS-mutant CRC stem-like cells.Methods:DNA mismatch repair-deficient/KRAS-mutant CRC stem-like cells (LS174T cells) were treated with DHA, after which, cell number and proliferation-rate, Bmi-1, Sox-2, Nanog and Oct-4 expression, caspase-3 activation and apoptosis were evaluated with different cellular and molecular techniques.Results:DHA changed the morphology of cells to apoptotic forms and disrupted cell connections. After 48h treatment with 50- to 200μM DHA, cell numbers and proliferation-rates were measured to be 86%-35% and 93.6%-45.7% respectively. Treatment with 200 μM DHA dramatically decreased the expression of Bmi-1, Sox- 2, Oct-4 and Nanog by 69%, 70%, 97.5% and 53% respectively. Concurrently, DHA induced caspase-3 activation by 1.8-4.7-fold increases compared to untreated cells. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells ranging from 9.3%-38.4% was also observed with increasing DHA concentrations.Conclusion:DHA decreases the high expression level of pluripotency network genes suggesting Bmi-1, Sox-2, Oct-4 and Nanog as promising molecular targets of DHA. DHA reactivates caspase-3 and apoptosis in DNA mismatch repair-deficient/KRAS-mutant CRC stem-like cells, representing the high potential of this safe compound for therapeutic application in CRC.
Effect of Ultrasound Intensity and Mode on Piroxicam Transport Across Three-Dimensional Skin Equivalent Epiderm™
Authors: Alarjah Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2020

Background:Transdermal drug delivery has many advantages compared to other routes. However, the barrier function of the stratum corneum limits the use of the skin as an administrative route for medications. Different methods were investigated to alter the barrier function of the stratum corneum and it was found that applying different ultrasound waves could enhance the skin's permeability.Objective:The aim of this work is to study the effect of ultrasonic waves on the alteration of skin natural barrier function, to improve the permeability of the skin to Piroxicam using three-dimension skin (EpiDermTM) as a skin model for the investigation.Method:The effect of ultrasound at 1 MHz and 20 kHz on the permeation of Piroxicam across the three-dimensional skin equivalent using a Franz diffusion cell, was evaluated and the concentration of Piroxicam in the receiving compartment was determined using liquid chromatography method.Results:The permeation of Piroxicam enhanced by 199% when therapeutic ultrasound at 1 MHz frequency was used. Significant permeation enhancement was also found upon utilizing low frequency sonophoresis at 20 kHz (427%) with no apparent damage to the membrane.Conclusion:Sonophoresis has a positive effect on enhancing skin permeability. The enhancement level was largely dependent on the sonication factors; frequency, intensity and length of treatment. Multiple mechanisms of action might be involved in permeation improvement of the piroxicam molecule. Those mechanisms are largely dependent on the ultrasonic conditions.
Assessment of Training Outcomes of Nurse Readers for Diabetic Retinopathy Telescreening: Validation Study
Authors: Boucher Marie Carole , Nguyen Michael Trong Duc , Qian Jenny 
Published: March 2020

Background
With the high prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its significant visual consequences if untreated, timely identification and management of diabetic retinopathy is essential. Teleophthalmology programs have assisted in screening a large number of individuals at risk for vision loss from diabetic retinopathy. Training nonophthalmological readers to assess remote fundus images for diabetic retinopathy may further improve the efficiency of such programs.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the performance, safety implications, and progress of 2 ophthalmology nurses trained to read and assess diabetic retinopathy fundus images within a hospital diabetic retinopathy telescreening program.

Methods
In this retrospective interobserver study, 2 ophthalmology nurses followed a specific training program within a hospital diabetic retinopathy telescreening program and were trained to assess diabetic retinopathy images at 2 levels of intervention: detection of diabetic retinopathy (level 1) and identification of referable disease (level 2). The reliability of the assessment by level 1−trained readers in 266 patients and of the identification of patients at risk of vision loss from diabetic retinopathy by level 2−trained readers in 559 more patients were measured. The learning curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the readings were evaluated using a group consensus gold standard.

Results
An almost perfect agreement was measured in identifying the presence of diabetic retinopathy in both level 1 readers (κ=0.86 and 0.80) and in identifying referable diabetic retinopathy by level 2 readers (κ=0.80 and 0.83). At least substantial agreement was measured in the level 2 readers for macular edema (κ=0.79 and 0.88) for all eyes. Good screening threshold sensitivities and specificities were obtained for all level readers, with sensitivities of 90.6% and 96.9% and specificities of 95.1% and 85.1% for level 1 readers (readers A and B) and with sensitivities of 86.8% and 91.2% and specificities of 91.7% and 97.0% for level 2 readers (readers A and B). This performance was achieved immediately after training and remained stable throughout the study.

Conclusions
Notwithstanding the small number of trained readers, this study validates the screening performance of level 1 and level 2 diabetic retinopathy readers within this training program, emphasizing practical experience, and allows the establishment of an ongoing assessment clinic. This highlights the importance of supervised, hands-on experience and may help set parameters to further calibrate the training of diabetic retinopathy readers for safe screening programs.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CHLOROTHALIDONE LOADED MOUTH DISSOLVING FILM-A BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT APPROACH USING MULTILEVEL CATEGORIC DESIGN
Authors: BIYANI SHUBHAM , MALGIRWAR SARANG , KSHIRSAGAR RAJESHWAR , KOTHAWADE SAGAR 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The intension of the present study includes fabrication and optimization of mouth dissolving film loaded with Chlorothalidone by solvent evaporation techniques using two components and their three levels as multilevel Categoric design.
Methods: Major problem associated with the development of film loaded with BCS class II drug is to increase its solubility. Here the Chlorothalidone solubility achieved by co-solvents, such as methanol. After dissolving the drug in co-solvent, this drug solution is poured into an aqueous dispersion of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose E5 (HPMC E5) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400). The two independent variables selected are factor A (concentration of HPMC E5) and factor B (concentration of PEG 400) was selected on the basis of preliminary trials. The percentage drug release (R1), Disintegration time in sec (R2) and folding endurance (R3) were selected as dependent variables. Here HPMC E5 used as a film former, PEG 400 as plasticizer, mannitol as bulking agent, Sodium starch glycolate as a disintegrating agent, tween 80 as the surfactant, tartaric acid as saliva stimulating agent, sodium saccharin as a sweetener and orange flavour etc. These fabricated films were evaluated for physicochemical properties, disintegration time and In vitro drug release study.
Results: The formulation F6 has more favorable responses as per multilevel categoric design is % drug release about 98.95 %, average disintegration time about 24.33 second and folding endurance is 117. Thus formulation F6 was preferred as an optimized formulation.
Conclusion: The present formulation delivers medicament accurately with good therapeutic efficiency by oral administration, this mouth dissolving films having a rapid onset of action than conventional tablet formulations.
IN VITRO IN VIVO EVALUATION OF NIOSOMAL FORMULATION OF FAMOTIDINE
Authors: KHAN RIZWANA , IRCHHAIYA RAGHUVEER 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed on formulation and evaluation of famotidine loaded niosomal formulation for in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviour. Formulating it as niosomal formulation might be quite advantageous for prolonging the duration of pharmacological action and improved bioavailability.
Methods: In the present study niosomal formulations were prepared by using most documented thin film hydration technique by using various grades of surfactants (span 20, 40, 60, 80) in varying ratios with cholesterol, negative charge inducer di cetyl phosphate (DCP) and drug famotidine. Suitable preformulation studies were conducted like identification of drug, excipient and drug compatibility study. The optimized drug loaded niosomes were characterized for size and morphology, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment, in vitro release, in vivo study and stability study.
Results: The results showed that the vesicles formed were spherical in shape, size ranging between 160.1 nm to 718.7 nm with zeta potential values indicating good stability and formulation containing span 60 (NMS7) showed the highest entrapment efficiency (73.234%). All the formulations showed prolonged release profile for more than 24 h with release kinetics better suited to zero order release pattern. In vivo study conducted on rabbits predicted a fourfold increase in pharmacokinetic parameter (area under curve)AUC and pharmacological action for more than 24 h as compared to free drug famotidine which showed its action only upto 12 h.
Conclusion: Thus the famotidine loaded niosomal formulation may be considered as a very promising drug delivery system which could be successfully employed for prolonging the drug release and overcoming the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery systems.
BIOAVAILABILITY STUDY OF ONDANSETRON GEL IN RABBITS AND HUMAN VOLUNTEERS APPLING UPLC AS ANALYTICAL TOOL AND EVALUATION OF THE ANTIEMETIC EFFECT OF ONDANSETRON GEL IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED EMESIS IN RATS
Authors: EL-MAHDY MONA M. , RASHEEDY MAI M. , IBRAHIM ELSAYED A. , FATHALLAH DINA 
Published: March 2020

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the bioavailability of ondansetron gel in experimental animals and humans applying UPLC as an analytical tool and evaluation of the antiemetic effect of ondansetron gel in cisplatin-induced emesis in rats.
Methods: Ondansetron gel (F13: sodium alginate 7% w/w) was used, marketed I. V. ondansetron (Zofran) ® was chosen as reference. The bioavailability study in rabbits was selected as a parallel design using nine healthy rabbits divided into three groups whereas, bioavailability study in humans was an open-label, wherein 6 healthy subjects administered ondansetron gel. The potential effect of ondansetron gel was evaluated for the prevention of different phases of emesis motivated by exposure to antineoplastic drugs (cisplatin) by determination of body weight loss, water and food intake applying kaolin-pica model in rats using seventy-two rats divided into six groups.
Results: Ondansetron gel (0.5%) showed detectable plasma concentration 22.833±2.17 ng/m1 after ¼ h and 419.55±2.17 ng/ml after 1-h post-treatment in rabbits and human respectively and concentration was maintained above-reported minimum effective concentration for more than 2.5 h for rabbits and 7 h for humans compared to 1.75 h after I. V. administration.
The ondansetron gel significantly reduces all phases of cisplatin-induced emesis and a decrease in body weight, water, and food consumption was significantly attenuated.
Conclusion: Based on the high efficacy of gel on emesis induced by cisplatin, and its high bioavailability, transdermal ondansetron gel could be a promising convenient system to prevent nausea and vomiting following administration of antineoplastic drugs.
PERANAN KELOMPOK KAYOMAN PEDAWA DALAM MEREVITALISASI POTENSI WISATA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI DESA PEDAWA, KECAMATAN BANJAR, KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: Jayendra Putu Sabda , Sudarmawan I Wayan Eka , Amir Firlie Lanovia 
Published: March 2020

Kayoman Pedawa Group, directly initiated by the community of Pedawa Village aims to reconstruct and revitalize the existence of tourism potential in the form of natural, social, customs and local wisdom. The establishment of this group originated from the concerns of the community and the young figures Pedawa village will be the phenomenon of the growing nature and local wisdom with the rapid modernization. Therefore, the interest is examined from the phenomenon is and the role of the group Kayoman Pedawa in revitalizing the potential tourism-based local wisdom of Pedawa village. The theory used as a problem surgeon is the social action theory and structural functionalism theory. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research. The results of the research is a revitalizing cultural potential based on local wisdom by Kayoman Pedawa Group of some of them are; 1) rehabilitation of forests and agricultural cultures, 2) revitalization of ancient relics into tourism destinations of village history, 3) The reconstruction of local wisdom-based attractions, such as traditional houses, gangsing games, traditional gamelan reconstruction of Pedawa , revitalizing the manufacture and product of palm sugar Pedawa, 4) provide a mentoring of foreign students who study ethnography, and 5) socialization and publication of local wisdom of Pedawa village to the outside community, such as the interactive dialogue of Thunder Singaraja Radio broadcast, Through the making of documentary films in collaboration with Minikino Bali.
Evaluación, impacto en el aula
Authors: Ortiz-Morales Ferley 
Published: March 2020

Las evaluaciones externas, más que ofrecer algunos resultados a partir de los cuales se obtiene información acerca de la clasificación de estudiantes o colegios, provee elementos fundamentales que pueden servir como insumo para desarrollar acciones pedagógicas en el aula. En este sentido, es importante revisar algunos criterios que se tienen en cuenta para el diseño y aplicación de pruebas objetivas y marcar la diferencia entre este tipo deevaluaciones y las que son de tipo formativo, que exigen un mayor acompañamiento al estudiante. No obstante, aunque distintas, ambas contienen elementos que bien aprovechados pueden complementarse y proveer la generación de actividades más significativas para los procesos de aprendizaje.
Evaluación de características asociadas a los egresados IPB – IB de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander en el período 2001 a 2011 con fines de acreditación del programa
Authors: Tarazona-Oliveros María Alejandra , Espinel-Urbina Deisy Milena , Arroyo-Solano Sirley Karina , Muñoz-Peñaloza Yaneth Amparo 
Published: March 2020

El estudio se enfocó en la Evaluación de características asociadas a los egresados del Programa IPB-IB, donde se elaboró un sistema de información de los mismos en un periodo comprendido de 2001 a 2011, como datos personales, desarrollo laboral y estudios realizados, contando con la colaboración de las diferentes dependencias donde se encuentra esta información, tales como: Secretaria General, oficina de planeación, oficina de egresados, Biblioteca Eduardo Cote Lamus, Programa Académico IPB-IB, Ministerio de Educación Nacional y la Asociación Colombiana de Ingenieros Biotecnológicos. Además, se estableció una comunicación con los egresados mediante vía telefónica y mediante el correo del Programa. Por otra parte, se realizo un análisis acerca de la inserción laboral y puesto de trabajo de los mismos, donde primeramente se creó un Directorio de Egresados, en el cual podemos encontrar el lugar de trabajo donde se encuentra ubicados por sectores; seguidamente se elaboró un cuadro, allí se muestra el puesto de trabajo asignado a cada uno de ellos y el área de desempeño, así como la característica principal de la empresa asociada al desempeño del egresado en la misma. Por otra parte, se creó un formato tipo encuesta dirigido a los egresados, donde se evaluó el impacto del trabajo desarrollado en cada una de las entidades; se elaboró una estrategia de seguimiento tanto para los egresados de la UFPS como para los egresados del Programa IPB-IB. Por último, se creó un Plan Estratégico, en donde se trabajaron las características asociadas a los egresados, un Plan Operativo con las respectivas actividades y tareas a ejecutar y un formato para evaluar el desempeño por parte de los estudiantes en las diversas empresas como trabajo de grado.