bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fundamental problem of hypothesis testing with finite inventory in e‐commerce
Authors: Bohle Dennis , Marynych Alexander , Meiners Matthias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe draw attention to a problem that is often overlooked or ignored by companies practicing hypothesis testing (A/B testing) in online environments. We show that conducting experiments on limited inventory that is shared between variants in the experiment can lead to high false‐positive rates since the core assumption of independence between the groups is violated. We provide a detailed analysis of the problem in a simplified setting whose parameters are informed by realistic scenarios. The setting we consider is a two‐dimensional (2D) random walk in a semiinfinite strip. It is rich enough to take a finite inventory into account, but is at the same time simple enough to allow for a closed form of the false‐positive probability. We prove that high false‐positive rates can occur, and develop tools that are suitable to help design adequate tests in follow‐up work. Our results also show that high false‐negative rates may occur. The proofs rely on a functional limit theorem for the 2D random walk in a semiinfinite strip.
Außerschulische Lernorte im Berufsfeldpraktikum
Authors: Gülpen Martin , Wenning Silvia 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Nordrhein‐Westfalen sind Praktika Bestandteil der Lehrerausbildung. Eines davon, das Berufsfeldpraktikum, soll an außerschulischen Lernorten absolviert werden. Dabei sollen nicht nur mögliche außerschulische Berufsfelder kennengelernt werden, sondern auch positive fachliche Rückkopplungen für den eigentlichen Lehrberuf ermöglicht werden. Die Biologiedidaktik der Universität Duisburg‐Essen kooperiert mit außerschulischen Lernorten in NRW wie z. B. Museen, Zooschulen oder biologischen Stationen, die biologische Bildungsangebote anbieten und ein gemeinsames Konzept mit fünf Ausbildungsbausteinen tragen. Diese abgestimmte Zusammenarbeit ermöglicht eine Unterstützung für die außerschulischen Lernorte und neue Erfahrungen auf Seiten der Studierenden auch für ihren späteren Unterricht. Die Universität bereitet die fünf Bausteine des Konzeptes im Seminar vor. Im Praktikum wenden die Studierenden ihr Wissen an, sammeln Erfahrungen und reflektieren und dokumentieren sie mit dem von beiden Partnern verabredeten Portfolio. Erste Evaluationsergebnisse zeigen einen hohen Nutzwert für alle Beteiligten.
Applicability of the adjusted graded prognostic assessment for lung cancer with brain metastases using molecular markers (Lung‐molGPA) in a Chinese cohort: A retrospective study of multiple institutions
Authors: Zhang Tingyou , Zhang Yu , Zhou Lin , Deng Shanshan , Huang Meijuan , Liu Yuncong , Liu Yongmei , Gong Youlin , Zhu Jiang , Xue Jianxin , Bai Yuju , Ma Hu , Zhang Yan , Yu Min , Li Yanying , Wang Yongsheng , Zou Bingwen , Zhou Xiaojuan , Xiu Weigang , Na Feifei , Xu Yong , Peng Feng , Wang Jin , Lu You 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this era of precision medicine, prognostic heterogeneity is an important feature of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases (BM). This multi‐institutional study is aimed to verify the applicability of the adjusted Lung‐molGPA model for NSCLC with BM in a Chinese cohort.MethodsThis retrospective study included 1903 patients at three hospitals in Southwest China. The performance of the Lung‐molGPA model was compared with that of the adjusted DS‐GPA model in terms of estimating the survival of NSCLC with BM.ResultsThe median OS of this patient cohort was 27.0 months, and the adenocarcinoma survived longer than the non‐adenocarcinoma (28.0 months vs 18.7 months, p < 0.001). The adjusted Lung‐molGPA model was more accurate in predicting survival of adenocarcinoma patients than the adjusted DS‐GPA model (C‐index: 0.615 vs 0.571), and it was not suitable for predicting survival of non‐adenocarcinoma patients (p = 0.286, 1.5‐2.0 vs 2.5‐3.0; p = 0.410, 2.5‐3.0 vs 3.5‐4.0).ConclusionsThe adjusted Lung‐molGPA model is better than the DS‐GPA model in predicting the prognosis of adenocarcinoma patients. However, it failed to estimate the prognosis for non‐adenocarcinoma patients.
A novel method for fuel oil desulphurization by deep eutectic solvent extraction coupled with reduction using sodium borohydride
Authors: Shu Chenhua , Zhu Feng , Zhu Xianhong , Lai Faying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order to improve sulphur removal efficiency, deep eutectic solvent (DES) is first introduced into the fuel oil desulphurization process with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Thereby, a novel method for fuel oil desulphurization by extraction coupled with reduction is proposed, where DES is used as stabilizer and extractant and NaBH4 is used as reducing agent. The nickel borides produced from NaBH4 and nickel salts were characterized using a particle size analyzer, surface area analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the nickel borides produced in DES have smaller particle sizes and a higher BET surface area than that in methanol/tetrahydrofuran (MeOH/THF). Sulphur removal efficiency using DES as medium was higher than that using MeOH/THF as medium. The effect of process parameters on the sulphur removal efficiency was investigated by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the sulphur removal efficiency of dibenzothiophene can reach more than 96%. The desulphurization of dibenzothiophene should proceed over the cleavage of C−S bond to biphenyl and desulphurization reaction followed the pseudo‐first‐order reaction. The structures of the DESs remained unchanged after regeneration. In summary, the novel desulphurization method is feasible and promising.
The potential association between common comorbidities and severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019: A pooled analysis
Authors: Luo Liman , Fu Menglu , Li Yuanyuan , Hu Shuiqing , Luo Jinlan , Chen Zhihui , Yu Jing , Li Wenhua , Dong Ruolan , Yang Yan , Tu Ling , Xu Xizhen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroudThe association between underlying comorbidities and cardiac injury and the prognosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients was assessed in this study.HypothesisThe underlying comorbidities and cardiac injury may be associated with the prognosis in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, and The Cochrane library from December 2019 to July 2020. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to estimate the probability of comorbidities and cardiac injury in COVID‐19 patients with or without severe type, or in survivors vs nonsurvivors of COVID‐19 patients.ResultsA total of 124 studies were included in this analysis. A higher risk for severity was observed in COVID‐19 patients with comorbidities. The pooled result in patients with hypertension (OR 2.57, 95% CI: 2.12‐3.11), diabetes (OR 2.54, 95% CI: 1.89‐3.41), cardiovascular diseases (OR 3.86, 95% CI: 2.70‐5.52), chronic obstractive pulmonary disease (OR 2.71, 95% CI: 1.98‐3.70), chronic kidney disease (OR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.27‐3.80), and cancer (OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.81‐3.22) respectively. All the comorbidities presented a higher risk of mortality. Moreover, the prevalence of acute cardiac injury is higher in severe group than in nonsevere group, and acute cardiac injury is associated with an increased risk for in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionComorbidities and acute cardiac injury are closely associated with poor prognosis in COVID‐19 patients. It is necessary to continuously monitor related clinical indicators of organs injury and concern comorbidities in COVID‐19 patients.
Configurational paths of employee reactions to corporate social responsibility: An organizational justice perspective
Authors: Chen Li‐Fei , Khuangga Donna Larissa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is critical for organizations who want to pursue sustainable development and competitive advantage by influencing employee attitudes. Drawing on the deontic justice theory, we argue that internal and external CSR initiatives promote self‐focused and other‐focused justice, respectively, which contribute to employee‐perceived organizational justice and shape positive employee behaviors. This study applied a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis method to determine the interactive effects of employee perceptions of CSR practices and organizational justice on employee outcomes. An examination of data from 1,231 employees in Taiwan revealed that high CSR perceptions lead to high perceived justice among employees who attach high importance to justice. In addition, while high perceived justice by itself is insufficient to determine positive employee outcomes, the combination of high perception of internal CSR, external CSR, and organizational justice is sufficient to predict positive employee outcomes. The findings provide implications for both research and practice.
Mercury in Ringed Seals (Pusa hispida) from the Canadian Arctic in Relation to Time and Climate Parameters
Authors: Houde Magali , Taranu Zofia E. , Wang Xiaowa , Young Brent , Gagnon P. , Ferguson Steve H. , Kwan Michael , Muir Derek C.G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mercury is found in Arctic marine mammals that are important in the diet of northern Indigenous peoples. The objectives of the present long-term study, spanning a 45-yr period, were to 1) investigate the temporal trends of total mercury (THg; muscle and liver) and selenium (Se; liver) in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from different regions of the Canadian Arctic; and 2) examine possible relationships with age, diet, and climate parameters such as air temperature, precipitation, climatic indices, and ice-coverage. Ringed seals were collected by hunters in northern communities in the Beaufort Sea, Central Arctic, Eastern Baffin Island, Hudson Bay, and Ungava/Nunatsiavut regions (Canada) between 1972 and 2017. Mercury levels did not change through time in seal liver, but THg levels in muscle decreased in seals from Hudson Bay (−0.91%/yr) and Ungava/Nunatsiavut (−1.30%/yr). Carbon stable isotope values in seal muscle decreased significantly through time in 4 regions. Selenium-to-THg ratios were found to be &gt;1 for all years and regions. Variation partitioning analyses across regions indicated that THg trends in seals were mostly explained by age (7.3–21.7%), climate parameters (3.5–12.5%), and diet (up to 9%); climate indices (i.e., Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Pacific/North American pattern) explained the majority of the climate portion. The THg levels had a positive relationship with Arctic Oscillation for multiple regions. Associations of THg with air temperature, total precipitation, and sea-ice coverage, as well as with North Atlantic Oscillation and Pacific/North American pattern were found to vary with tissue type and geographical area. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2462–2474. © 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
Abstract
Total mercury and selenium concentrations were evaluated through time (1970s–2017) in ringed seals from the Canadian Arctic. Associations between concentrations of trace metal in tissues, age and diet of seals as well as climate parameters were also investigated.
A free element scheme for simulating two‐ and three‐dimensional incompressible fluid flow
Authors: Liu Hua‐Yu , Gao Xiao‐Wei , Xu Bing‐Bing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, Free Element method (FECM) is extended to solve incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. The momentum equations are discretized by FECM, which permits overlapped elements. Then, the velocities at midpoints are interpolated by improved Momentum Interpolation Method to avoid oscillation caused by decoupling of velocity and pressure. At last, the pressure correction equation is solved to make sure the results satisfying continuity equation. The interpolation of midpoint's velocity is proved to be independent of the under‐relaxation factor and time step size. The deferred correction is employed for utilization of higher‐order discretization of convective terms. Taylor‐Green vortex, flow over a cylinder, lid‐driven flow, cooling tunnel, and flow over airfoil are simulated. The results computed by the proposed method are compared with exact solutions and benchmark solutions, which indicates that the new method has the second order accuracy in space. What is more, the proposed method works well on random node distributions as well, which means that the method is much robust.
Traffic tunnels – Development of a cross‐asset, reliability‐based life cycle management
Authors: Grunicke Urs H. , Stefan Christian , van Linn Andreas , Weninger‐Vycudil Alfred , Mellert Lars Derek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTunnels within primary road networks are complex systems. The prerequisite of a good level of service is the seamless interaction of the various tunnel components (structural elements and technical equipment). Due to their heterogeneous nature, electrical and structural components are subject to divergent aging processes which require recurring maintenance procedures and rehabilitation measures. Considering the diversity of specifications and requirements among electrical/mechanical and structural components, it is evident that there is a considerable mismatch of maintenance cycles among them. Hence, tunnel asset management faces the challenge to develop strategies to integrate both the necessary functional integrity of the individual components over their respective lifecycle and the requirement of an optimized management for the overall system. Yet, the synchronization of measures towards maximizing system availability must not contradict positive wear‐and‐tear contingencies of the various tunnel components. Evidence based forecasting and reliability centred decision models are key elements of modern life cycle management. They must include interdependencies between the diversity of components and their manifold maintenance cycles.
Analytische und numerische Belastungsermittlung aus Baugrubenumschließung auf das Krafthaus Kirchbichl
Authors: Gloimüller Stefan , Pánová Petra , Lang Georg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTiroler Wasserkraft AG realized the extension of hydropower plant Kirchbichl located in the Unterinntal built in the 1940s for the first time. The excavation pits were retained by a bored pile wall with jet grouting connections between the piles, supported with up to two bracing horizons. Safety against uplift during construction stage is managed by a deep‐set jet grouting plate, which is partially anchored. Due to the dismantling of the bracing during the construction progress a partially load transfer from the bored pile wall on the partly completed concrete construction and the jet grouted plate occurs. This interaction is simulated at the static calculations. The excavation shoring was calculated by using a geotechnical program. The resulting spring supporting forces from geotechnical consideration were used in the finite element model as loads on the new reinforced concrete walls to calculate the necessary reinforcement content during construction sequence. The results from construction sequence were perpetuated at final state of the new powerhouse structure to get the governing reinforcement content.
New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) – Experiences, critical discussion and outlook from an executive perspective
Authors: Bauer Manfred , Rath Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTunnel constructions according to the principles of NATM are representing an essential key competence for construction companies. Likewise, extensive demands are placed on the people involved, and essential rules and requirements must be taken into account in order to be used successfully. The current developments in the cooperation in project management as well as the tendencies in the environment are critically examined and attempts are made to explain the necessary measures to secure this construction method in the future. Successful implementations are presented using two selected project examples.
Predicting quantity and quality of life with the Future Elderly Model
Authors: Ermini Leaf Duncan , Tysinger Bryan , Goldman Dana P. , Lakdawalla Darius N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Future Elderly Model (FEM) is a microsimulation model designed to forecast health status, longevity, and a variety of economic outcomes. Compared to traditional actuarial models, microsimulation models provide greater opportunities for policy forecasting and richer detail, but they typically build upon smaller samples of data that may mitigate forecasting accuracy. We perform validation analyses of the FEM's mortality and quality of life forecasts using a version of the FEM estimated exclusively on early waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study. First, we compare FEM mortality and longevity projections to the actual mortality and longevity experience observed over the same period of time. We also compare the FEM results to actuarial forecasts of mortality and longevity during the same time. We find that FEM projections are generally in line with observed mortality rates and closely match longevity. Then, we assess the FEM's performance at predicting quality of life and longitudinal outcomes, two features missing from traditional actuarial models. Our analysis suggests the FEM performs at least as well as actuarial forecasts of mortality, while providing policy simulation features that are not available in actuarial models.
Mapping fluorescence resonance energy transfer parameters of a bifunctional agent using time‐domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography
Authors: Mo Weirong , Patel Nayan J. , Chen Yihui , Pandey Ravindra , Sunar Ulas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a method to map fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) parameters of a bifunctional photodynamic therapy agent, (2‐[1‐hexyloxyethyl]‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide‐a)‐cyanine dye (HPPH‐CD) conjugate, which consists of a photosensitizer (HPPH) and a fluorescent agent CD. We utilized time‐domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography, the normalized Born ratio model in the Fourier‐domain, and an iterative algorithm to map depth‐resolved spatial heterogeneities of FRET parameters. Our results exhibited depth‐resolved changes of fluorophore's lifetime and the distance maps due to FRET between HPPH and CD. Our model suggests a potential approach of using FRET parameters to monitor efficacies of multifunctional photodynamic therapy agents in deep tissue.
In vivo sun protection factor and UVA protection factor determination using (hybrid) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and a multi‐lambda‐LED light source
Authors: Throm Carolin Maria , Wiora Georg , Reble Carina , Schleusener Johannes , Schanzer Sabine , Karrer Hans , Kolbe Ludger , Khazaka Georg , Meinke Martina C. , Lademann Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe sun protection factor (SPF) values are currently determined using an invasive procedure, in which the volunteers are irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. Non‐invasive approaches based on hybrid diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (HDRS) have shown a good correlation with conventional SPF testing. Here, we present a novel compact and adjustable DRS test system. The in vivo measurements were performed using a multi‐lambda‐LED light source and an 84‐channel imaging spectrograph with a fiber optic probe for detection. A transmission spectrum was calculated based on the reflectance measured with sunscreen and the reflectance measured without sunscreen. The preexposure in vitro spectrum was fitted to the in vivo spectrum. Each of the 11 test products was investigated on 10 volunteers. The SPF and UVA‐PF values obtained by this new approach were compared with in vivo SPF results determined by certified test institutes. A correlation coefficient R2 = 0.86 for SPF, and R2 = 0.92 for UVA‐PF were calculated. Having examined various approaches to apply the HDRS principle, the method we present was found to produce valid and reproducible results, suggesting that the multi‐lambda‐LED device is suitable for in‐vivo SPF testing based on the HDRS principle as well as for in‐vivo UVA‐PF measurements.
Systematic literature review of persistence of engineering transfer students
Authors: Smith Natasha L. , Van Aken Eileen M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing the number of engineering graduates continues to be a national priority and influences the need to understand persistence of all student pathways. Few studies have focused on engineering transfer student pathways and their success post‐transfer, suggesting a need for a more comprehensive analysis of existing research to advance this area.PurposeA comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the factors found in the literature that most significantly affect engineering transfer student persistence, discuss themes that span the factors, and identify the frameworks used in the literature to understand engineering transfer student persistence.Scope/MethodA systematic literature review method was used to capture a broad range of publications. A thematic synthesis approach was used to analyze the results of the final publication set.ResultsThe systematic review identified 76 publications in this research area, and analysis of these publications resulted in 33 unique factors and 3 overarching themes. Additionally, 13 persistence frameworks were identified as being used to understand engineering transfer student persistence.ConclusionsFindings from this work suggest that the primary methods institutions can use to increase persistence in engineering of this population are increasing pre‐transfer academic requirements, increasing student integration, and providing an inclusive institutional culture. This review also supports the need for an updated persistence framework that considers the characteristics of engineering transfer students. Gaps in the literature were also identified and indicate a need to differentiate vertical and lateral transfer students as well as extend the review of post‐transfer academics beyond the first post‐transfer year.