bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the accuracy of electronic apex locators, cone‐beam computed tomography, and radiovisiography in primary teeth: An in vitro study
Authors: Kayabasi Mevlut , Oznurhan Fatih 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectronic apex locators (EALs), cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), and radiovisiography (RVG) claim to determine of working length (WL) in primary molar teeth. To evaluate the accuracy of WL determination by using three EALs, RVG, and CBCT imaging in extracted human primary molar teeth with/without root resorption. Twenty extracted primary molar teeth with resorption and 20 extracted primary molar teeth without resorption were used. After measuring actual lengths (AL) (Group 1), the electronic WL measurements were performed by using three different EALs [COXO C Smart‐1 Pro (Group 2), iPex (Group 3), and Apex ID (Group 4)]. Two different image sets were obtained as follows: CBCT imaging (Group 5) and RVG (Group 6). AL measurements performed with an endodontic measuring ruler and compared with the EAL, CBCT, and RVG image measurements. For all groups, there were no significant differences between the teeth with resorption and without. There were no significant differences in measuring methods from AL and between the methods used (p > .05). When electronic and radiographic method were compared in different frequency ranges, there was no statistically significant difference (p > .05). This study showed that EALs, CBCT, and RVG have high accuracy in primary molar teeth both with resorption and without root resorption and can be used for determining WL.
Clinical features of children with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis in Japan: A retrospective nationwide survey
Authors: Ishida Hisashi , Miyajima Yuji , Hyakuna Nobuyuki , Hamada Satoru , Sarashina Takeo , Matsumura Risa , Umeda Katsutsugu , Mitsui Tetsuo , Fujita Naoto , Tomizawa Daisuke , Urayama Kevin Y. , Ishida Yasushi , Taga Takashi , Takagi Masatoshi , Adachi Souichi , Manabe Atsushi , Imamura Toshihiko , Koh Katsuyoshi , Shimada Akira ,   Leukemia/Lymphoma Committee of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (JSPHO)
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhiladelphia‐negative (Ph‐negative) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), are exceptionally rare during childhood. Thus, clinical features of pediatric Ph‐negative MPNs remain largely unknown. This study was therefore performed to address this.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study to collect clinical information of children diagnosed with Ph‐negative MPNs from 2000 to 2016 using questionnaires in qualified institutions in Japan. The results obtained from the questionnaire survey were then combined with those from the national registry data.ResultsAmong 50 children identified, five had PV, 44 had ET, and one had PMF. Median age at diagnosis was 14.0, 9.0, and 0 years, respectively. Male to female ratio was 4:1, 21:23, and 1:0, respectively. Detection rates of the JAK2 V617F variant were 0/5 in PV and 9/39 in ET. Frequencies of complications, such as thrombosis and subsequent leukemia, were lower than complication frequencies in adults. We identified two children who developed subsequent leukemia, which has not been reported previously, and one of them died.ConclusionThis is the first nationally representative survey of pediatric Ph‐negative MPNs. Given its rarity, an international collaboration with comprehensive genetic analyses might be needed to fully elucidate the clinical and genetic features.
Spectroscopic and theoretical optical properties of indoleninyl‐substituted dibenzotetraaza[14]annulenes
Authors: Ramle Abdul Q. , Karakas Asli , Arof Abdul K. M. , Karakaya Mustafa , Taser Mehmet , Gozutok Aysun , Chin Fei Chee , Julkapli Nurhidayatullaili M. , Basirun Wan J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo new macrocyclic dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene (DBTAA) compounds with indolenine (5) and pyridoindolenine (6) moieties were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy. Both DBTAAs exhibit strong UV‐Vis absorption properties in the Soret band region. The theoretical second‐order nonlinear optical property, electric dipole moment (μ), dispersion‐free dipole polarizability (α) and first hyper‐polarizability values were calculated by density functional theory and time dependent density functional theory. The ab‐initio quantum mechanical calculation by time‐dependent Hartree‐Fock method was utilized to investigate the dynamic dipole polarizabilities, dynamic second‐order, static, and dynamic third‐order (γ) hyper‐polarizabilities of the DBTAAs. The configuration interaction technique of all doubly occupied molecular orbitals possesses theoretically defined single‐photon absorption (OPA) specifications for the examined structures. The computed maximum OPA wavelengths on both macrocyclic compounds coincide with the preceding measurement outcomes.
Design, synthesis, and in vitro anticancer screening of novel pyrazolinyl‐pyrazole/1, 2, 3‐triazole hybrids
Authors: Ismail Magda M. F. , Abdulwahab Hanan G. , Elnagdi Mohamed H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNovel hybrids, pyrazolinylpyrazoles, and pyrazolinyltriazoles were designed, synthesized, and screened for their anticancer activity. Eleven compounds were selected by the National Cancer Institute (NCI)/USA for anticancer screening at single high dose (10−5 M) in full NCI 60 cell panels. Two compounds: 4‐aminopyrazole‐5‐carbonitrile, 5c (NSC‐747630/1) and ethyl 4‐aminopyrazole‐5‐ carboxylate, 7d (NSC‐747634/1) were the most active candidates of the series and were selected for further evaluation at five dose screening as they displayed significant growth inhibition with full panel median growth inhibition (GI50) 5.47 and 2.24 μM, respectively. Both 5c and 7d hybrids exhibited broad spectrum antitumor activity; however 7d showed moderate selectivity (selectivity ratio 3.6) toward leukemia.
HIV prevalence, testing and treatment among men who have sex with men through engagement in virtual sexual networks in Kenya: a cross‐sectional bio‐behavioural study
Authors: Bhattacharjee Parinita , Isac Shajy , Musyoki Helgar , Emmanuel Faran , Olango Kennedy , Kuria Samuel , Ongaro Martin K , Walimbwa Jeffrey , Musimbi Janet , Mugambi Mary , Kaosa Shem , Kioko Japheth , Njraini Margret , Melon Memory , Onyoni Juddie , Bartilol Kigen , Becker Marissa , Lorway Robert , Pickles Michael , Moses Stephen , Blanchard James , Mishra Sharmistha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn Kenya, men who have sex with men (MSM) are increasingly using virtual sites, including web‐based apps, to meet sex partners. We examined HIV testing, HIV prevalence, awareness of HIV‐positive status and linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART), for HIV‐positive MSM who solely met partners via physical sites (PMSM), compared with those who did so in virtual sites (either solely via virtual sites (VMSM), or via both virtual and physical sites (DMSM)).MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional bio‐behavioural survey of 1200 MSM, 15 years and above, in three counties in Kenya between May and July 2019, using random sampling of physical and virtual sites. We classified participants as PMSM, DMSM and VMSM, based on where they met sex partners, and compared the following between groups using chi‐square tests: (i) proportion tested; (ii) HIV prevalence and (iii) HIV care continuum among MSM living with HIV. We then performed multivariable logistic regression to measure independent associations between network engagement and HIV status.Results177 (14.7%), 768 (64.0%) and 255 (21.2%), of participants were classified as PMSM, DMSM and VMSM respectively. 68.4%, 70.4% and 78.5% of PMSM, DMSM and VMSM, respectively, reported an HIV test in the previous six months. HIV prevalence was 8.5% (PMSM), 15.4% (DMSM) and 26.7% (VMSM), p < 0.001. Among those living with HIV, 46.7% (PMSM), 41.5% (DMSM) and 29.4% (VMSM) were diagnosed and aware of their status; and 40.0%, 35.6% and 26.5% were on antiretroviral treatment. After adjustment for other predictors, MSM engaged in virtual networks remained at a two to threefold higher risk of prevalent HIV: VMSM versus PMSM (adjusted odds ratio 3.88 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84 to 8.17) p < 0.001); DMSM versus PMSM (2.00 (95% CI 1.03 to 3.87), p = 0.040).ConclusionsEngagement in virtual networks is associated with elevated HIV risk, irrespective of individual‐level risk factors. Understanding the difference in characteristics among MSM‐seeking partners in different sites will help HIV programmes to develop subpopulation‐specific interventions.
Index and targeted community‐based testing to optimize HIV case finding and ART linkage among men in Zambia
Authors: Mwango Linah K , Stafford Kristen A , Blanco Natalia C , Lavoie Marie‐Claude , Mujansi Morley , Nyirongo Nasho , Tembo Kalima , Sakala Henry , Chipukuma Julian , Phiri Beauty , Nzangwa Carol , Mwandila Susan , Nkwemu Kennedy C , Saadani Ahmed , Mwila Annie , Herce Michael E , Claassen Cassidy W 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionCurrent healthcare systems fail to provide adequate HIV services to men. In Zambia, 25% of adult men living with HIV were unaware of their HIV status in 2018, and 12% of those who were unaware of their HIV statu were not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to pervasive barriers to HIV testing services (HTS) and linkage to ART. To identify men and key and priority populations living with HIV in Zambia, and link them to care and treatment, we implemented the Community Impact to Reach Key and Underserved Individuals for Treatment and Support (CIRKUITS) project. We present HTS and ART linkage results from the first year of CIRKUITS.MethodsCIRKUITS aimed to reach beneficiaries by training, mentoring, and deploying community health workers to provide index testing services and targeted community HTS. Community leaders and workplace supervisors were engaged to enable workplace HTS for men. To evaluate the effects of these interventions, we collected age‐ and sex‐disaggregated routinely collected programme data for the first 12 months of the project (October 2018 to September 2019) across 37 CIRKUITS‐supported facilities in three provinces. We performed descriptive statistics and estimated index cascades for indicators of interest, and used Chi square tests to compare indicators by age, sex, and district strata.ResultsOver 12 months, CIRKUITS tested 38,255 persons for HIV, identifying 10,974 (29%) new people living with HIV, of whom 10,239 (93%) were linked to ART. Among men, CIRKUITS tested 18,336 clients and identified 4458 (24%) as HIV positive, linked 4132 (93%) to ART. Men who tested HIV negative were referred to preventative services. Of the men found HIV positive, and 13.0% were aged 15 to 24 years, 60.3% were aged 25 to 39, 20.9% were aged 40 to 49 and 5.8% were ≥50 years old. Index testing services identified 2186 (49%) of HIV‐positive men, with a positivity yield of 40% and linkage of 88%. Targeted community testing modalities accounted for 2272 (51%) of HIV‐positive men identified, with positivity yield of 17% and linkage of 97%.ConclusionsIndex testing and targeted community‐based HTS are effective strategies to identify men living with HIV in Zambia. Index testing results in higher yield, but lower linkage and fewer absolute men identified compared to targeted community‐based HTS.
Identification of neuronal structures and pathways corresponding to clinical functioning in galactosemia
Authors: Ahtam Banu , Waisbren Susan E. , Anastasoaie Vera , Berry Gerard T. , Brown Matthew , Petrides Stephanie , Afacan Onur , Prabhu Sanjay P. , Schomer Donald , Grant P. Ellen , Greenstein Patricia E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClassic galactosemia (OMIM# 230400) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency. Newborn screening and prompt treatment with a galactose‐free diet prevent the severe consequences of galactosemia, but clinical outcomes remain suboptimal. Five men and five women with classic galactosemia (mean age = 27.2 ± 5.47 years) received comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI data from nine healthy controls (mean age = 30.22 ± 3.52 years) were used for comparison measures. Galactosemia subjects experienced impaired memory, language processing, visual‐motor skills, and increased anxiety. Neurological examinations revealed tremor and dysarthria in six subjects. In addition, there was ataxia in three subjects and six subjects had abnormal gait. Mean full scale IQ was 80.4 ± 17.3. EEG evaluations revealed right‐sided abnormalities in five subjects and bilateral abnormalities in one subject. Compared to age‐ and gender‐matched controls, subjects with galactosemia had reduced volume in left cerebellum white matter, bilateral putamen, and left superior temporal sulcus. Galactosemia patients also had lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity values in the dorsal and ventral language networks compared to the controls. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between neuropsychological test results and the T1 volume and diffusivity scalars. Our findings help to identify anatomic correlates to motor control, learning and memory, and language in subjects with galactosemia. The results from this preliminary assessment may provide insights into the pathophysiology of this inborn error of metabolism.
Classic and new mediators for in vitro modelling of human macrophages
Authors: Luque-Martin Rosario , Mander Palwinder K , Leenen Pieter J M , Winther Menno P J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Macrophages are key immune cells in the activation and regulation of immune responses. These cells are present in all tissues under homeostatic conditions and in many disease settings. Macrophages can exhibit a wide range of phenotypes depending on local and systemic cues that drive the differentiation and activation process. Macrophage heterogeneity is also defined by their ontogeny. Tissue macrophages can either derive from circulating blood monocytes or are seeded as tissue-resident macrophages during embryonic development. In humans, the study of in vivo-generated macrophages is often difficult with laborious and cell-changing isolation procedures. Therefore, translatable, reproducible, and robust in vitro models for human macrophages in health and disease are necessary. Most of the methods for studying monocyte-derived macrophages are based on the use of limited factors to differentiate the monocytes into macrophages. Current knowledge shows that the in vivo situation is more complex, and a wide range of molecules in the tissue microenvironment promote and impact on monocyte to macrophage differentiation as well as activation. In this review, macrophage heterogeneity is discussed and the human in vitro models that can be applied for research, especially for monocyte-derived macrophages. We also focus on new molecules (IL-34, platelet factor 4, etc.) used to generate macrophages expressing different phenotypes.
Evaluation of human cartilage endplate composition using MRI: Spatial variation, association with adjacent disc degeneration, and in vivo repeatability
Authors: Wang Linshanshan , Han Misung , Wong Jason , Zheng Patricia , Lazar Ann A. , Krug Roland , Fields Aaron J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCartilage endplate (CEP) biochemical composition may influence disc degeneration and regeneration. However, evaluating CEP composition in patients remains a challenge. We used T2* mapping from ultrashort echo‐time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is sensitive to CEP hydration, to investigate spatial variations in CEP T2* values and to determine how CEP T2* values correlate with adjacent disc degeneration. Thirteen human cadavers (56.4 ± 12.7 years) and seven volunteers (36.9 ± 10.9 years) underwent 3T MRI, including UTE and T1ρ mapping sequences. Spatial mappings of T2* values in L4‐S1 CEPs were generated from UTE images and compared between subregions. In the abutting discs, mean T1ρ values in the nucleus pulposus were compared between CEPs with high vs low T2* values. To assess in vivo repeatability, precision errors in mean T2* values, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were measured from repeat scans. Results showed that CEP T2* values were highest centrally and lowest posteriorly. In the youngest individuals (<50 years), who had mild‐to‐moderately degenerated Pfirrmann grade II‐III discs, low CEP T2* values associated with severer disc degeneration: T1ρ values were 26.7% lower in subjects with low CEP T2* values (P = .025). In older individuals, CEP T2* values did not associate with disc degeneration (P = .39‐.62). Precision errors in T2* ranged from 1.7 to 2.6 ms, and reliability was good‐to‐excellent (ICC = 0.89‐0.94). These findings suggest that deficits in CEP composition, as indicated by low T2* values, associate with severer disc degeneration during the mild‐to‐moderate stages. Measuring CEP T2* values with UTE MRI may clarify the role of CEP composition in patients with mild‐to‐moderate disc degeneration.
Correlation of hip capsule morphology with patient symptoms from femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Shaw Chace , Warwick Hunter , Nguyen Kevin H. , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila , Souza Richard B. , Vail Thomas P. , Zhang Alan L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe relationship between morphological characteristics of the hip capsule and patient symptoms in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is undefined. In this study, patients with symptomatic FAI prospectively underwent 3T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the affected hip and completed the hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS) to determine the correlation between hip capsule anatomy and patient symptoms. Anterior hip capsule volume, posterior capsule volume, anterior‐posterior capsule volume ratio, and proximal‐distal volume ratio in the anterior capsule were quantified and measured using axial‐oblique intermediate‐weighted 3D fast spin echo MR images. A total of 35 patients (35 hips) were included for analysis (mean age: 30.6 years; mean body mass index [BMI]: 24.9 kg/m2; 57% male). The mean alpha angle was 62.2° ± 4.7°, the mean anterior hip capsule volume was 1705.1 ± 450.3 mm3, the mean posterior hip capsule volume was 1284.8 ± 268.5 mm3, the mean anterior to posterior capsule volume ratio was 1.1 ± 0.39, and the mean proximal to distal volume ratio of the anterior capsule was 0.65 ± 0.28. There was no correlation between age, gender, or BMI, and any hip capsule characteristics. Worse scores on the HOOS pain scale were correlated with increased anterior to posterior volume ratio (r = −.38; 95% confidence interval: −0.06 to −0.63). In conclusion, hip capsule morphology correlates with patient symptoms in the setting of FAI as increased anterior capsular volume, relative to posterior capsular volume, is associated with greater patient pain.
Holocene coastal change at Luce Bay, South West Scotland
Authors: Smith David E. , Tipping Richard M. , Jordan Jason T. , Blackett Mathew 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTCoastal change during the Mid‐ to Late Holocene at Luce Bay, South West Scotland, is examined using morphological, stratigraphic and biostratigraphical techniques supported by radiocarbon dating. Deglaciation left extensive sediments, providing a source for depositional coastal landforms. Glacio‐isostatic uplift resulted in the registration of evidence for former relative sea levels (RSLs), which support the pattern of Holocene RSL change for the northern Irish Sea as determined by shoreline‐based Gaussian trend surface models. The rate of RSL rise was rapid from before ca. 8600 to ca. 7800 cal a
bp, but then slowed, changing by <3 m over the next 3000 years, a pattern reflected in the convergence of shorelines predicted in the models. By ca. 4400 cal a
bp RSL was falling towards present levels. As these changes were taking place, coastal barriers developed and dunes formed across them. In the West of the Bay, a lagoon forming to landward of the barriers and dunes acted as a sediment sink for dune sand. Changes in the coastal landscape influenced the occupation of the area by early human societies. This study illustrates the value of combining an understanding of process geomorphology, RSL and archaeology in studies of coastal change.
Correlation between the compensation time and the current deviation of organic LED pixel circuit
Authors: Lee Joon Ho , Kim Dae Hyun , Yang Joo Won , Moon Kook Chul , Lee Soo‐Yeon , Jeon Jae Hong , Kim Yong Sang , Park Kee Chan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA compensation circuit is necessary in each pixel of the organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display to reduce the mura resulting from the nonuniform characteristics of the low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistor (TFT). Recently, the mura becomes severe as the frame rate, display resolution, and the OLED efficacy improve. The low‐gray mura for the OLED current far below 1 nA is easily noticed, which is a critical issue of the high‐end mobile OLED display. We report the correlation between the deviation of OLED current due to the nonuniform TFT characteristics and the compensation time by in‐depth analysis employing the SPICE simulation of two well‐known pixel circuits. We have found that the compensation effect improves as the compensation time increases for low gray‐level current. On the contrary, the compensation effect deteriorates, and the deviation of OLED current intensifies for high gray‐level current as the compensation time increases too much. The quantitative analysis shows that the optimal compensation time depends on the targeted OLED current level and that the compensation effect is highest when the compensation time is such that the current of the driving TFT at the end of compensation period is several times smaller than the targeted OLED current during the light‐emitting period.
Oncologic safety of propeller flap and free flap in reconstruction after soft tissue sarcoma resection
Authors: Cha Han Gyu , Kang Min Kyu , Kim Wanlim , Lee Jong Seok , Hong Joon Pio , Suh Hyunsuk Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe propeller flap is a reliable option for reconstruction after soft tissue sarcoma resection. However, some parts of the resection margin may move away from its original position during flap rotation and thus can be excluded from the clinical target volume of adjuvant radiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate local recurrence after soft tissue sarcoma resection with propeller flap or free flap reconstruction.MethodsPatients who underwent resection of soft tissue sarcoma followed by a free flap or propeller flap reconstruction and adjuvant radiotherapy at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe 1‐ and 3‐year local control rates were 94.6% and 88.6% in the free flap group vs 90.6% and 87.5% in the propeller flap group, without statistical significance. There were no statistically significant differences in 5‐year local recurrence‐free survival (88.6% vs 87.5%) and disease‐free survival (82.5% vs 74.8%) between the groups.ConclusionsAlthough there was no significant difference in local control and disease‐free survival rates between propeller flap and free flap reconstruction after soft tissue sarcoma resection, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to obtain surgical information for determining the accurate clinical target volume of adjuvant radiotherapy and the area for meticulous follow‐up postoperatively.