bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TIMD4 exhibits regulatory capability on the proliferation and apoptosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma cells via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Li Yi , Zhang Pei‐Yi , Yang Zhao‐Wen , Ma Fang , Li Fa‐Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies have noted the importance of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (TIMD4) in various diseases and its functions on cell malignant behaviors. However, the biological function of TIMD4 in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is unknown.MethodsRelative expression of TIMD4 was analyzed based on the GSE56315 array including 88 cases of human tissues. TIMD4 expression in cells was detected using a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and western blot experiments. Cell proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay and apoptotic properties were assessed through the detection of related proteins by western blotting. The underlying molecular mechanism of TIMD4 in DLBCL was predicted and confirmed using KEGG enrichment analysis and western blotting.ResultsThe results indicate that TIMD4 is overexpressed in DLBCL tissues and the poor prognosis of DLBCL patients is significantly linked with the higher TIMD4 expression. The loss‐of‐TIMD4 experiment in CYP6D reveals that knockdown of TIMD4 blocks cell growth and accelerates cell apoptosis, whereas the gain‐of‐TIMD4 experiment in Raji cells suggests that up‐regulation of TIMD4 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis. The activity of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is mediated by the TIMD4 expression in DLBCL cells.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that TIMD4 is up‐regulated in patients with DLBCL and the regulatory effects of TIMD4 on cell proliferation and apoptosis are associated with the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, posing a novel target for DLBCL therapy.
Distance restricted matching extension missing vertices and edges in 5‐connected triangulations of the plane
Authors: Aldred R. E. L. , Plummer Michael D. , Ruksasakchai Watcharintorn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn [4] it was shown that in a 5‐connected even planar triangulation G, every matching M of size can be extended to a perfect matching of G, as long as the edges of M lie at distance at least 5 from each other. Somewhat later in [7], the following result was proved. Let be a 5‐connected triangulation of a surface different from the sphere. Let be the Euler characteristic of . Suppose with even and and are two matchings in such that . Further suppose that the pairwise distance between two elements of is at least 5 and the face‐width of the embedding of in is at least . Then there is a perfect matching in which contains such that . In the present paper, we present some results which, in a sense, lie in the gap between the two above theorems, in that they deal with restricted matching extension in a planar triangulation when a set of vertices which lie pairwise at sufficient distance from one another has been deleted. In particular, we prove a planar analogue of the result in [7] stated above.
Forty‐Third ASPEN Presidential Address: “Our Time Is Now—Challenges and Strategies for the Field of Nutrition”
Authors: Mehta Nilesh M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractI am grateful for this opportunity to address the ASPEN community and the international colleagues gathered at the ASPEN 2019 Nutrition Science and Practice Meeting. I have used this platform to revisit some of the historical beginnings of our field and our organization, and illustrate some of the lessons learned. I have outlined 5 challenges facing the field of nutrition during our times and discussed strategies that might help navigate them. These challenges are, healthcare finance, biotechnology disruption, safety, research, and knowledge transfer. These challenges will require nutrition providers to adapt to changing times. We must be prepared to show the “value” of the care provided. The impact of nutrition therapies must be unequivocally demonstrated on meaningful patient outcomes, thereby emphasizing the relevance and value of the services we provide. As clinical nutrition professionals, we must embrace the rapid pace of biotechnology advance and harness its power to assist us and our patients. The provision of safe nutrition care to our patients is the fundamental aspect of the ASPEN vision. I remain confident in our collective strengths, our sense of purpose, and our ability to rise above the challenges we face. Together with our global partners we will deliver on the promise of safe, efficacious, low‐cost, and high‐quality nutrition that will improve patient outcomes and population
health.
Separation of influenza virus‐like particles from baculovirus by polymer‐grafted anion exchanger
Authors: Reiter Katrin , Pereira Aguilar Patricia , Grammelhofer Dominik , Joseph Judith , Steppert Petra , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe baculovirus expression vector system is a very powerful tool to produce virus‐like particles and gene‐therapy vectors, but the removal of coexpressed baculovirus has been a major barrier for wider industrial use. We used chimeric human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) gag influenza‐hemagglutin virus‐like particles produced in Tnms42 insect cells using the baculovirus insect cell expression vector system as model virus‐like particles. A fast and simple purification method for these virus‐like particles with direct capture and purification within one chromatography step was developed. The insect cell culture supernatant was treated with endonuclease and filtered, before it was directly loaded onto a polymer‐grafted anion exchanger and eluted by a linear salt gradient. A 4.3 log clearance of baculovirus from virus‐like particles was achieved. The absence of the baculovirus capsid protein (vp39) in the product fraction was additionally shown by high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. When considering a vaccination dose of 109 particles, 4200 doses can be purified per L pretreated supernatant, meeting the requirements for vaccines with <10 ng double‐stranded DNA per dose and 3.4 µg protein per dose in a single step. The process is simple with a very low number of handling steps and has the characteristics to become a platform for purification of these types of virus‐like particles.
Political transitions and transition events in a tourism destination
Authors: Seyfi Siamak , Hall C. Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite the growing body of research on the interconnectedness between tourism and politics, significant research gaps remain. One such area is the relationship between political transitions and changes in tourism destinations. This article examines Iran as a case study of the interrelations. Drawing on semistructured interviews with key informants, this paper highlights the significant impacts that political transitions have had on Iranian tourism in general and inbound tourism in particular over time. The findings reveal that the divergent perceptions of key actors in Iran's political arena have affected the tendency and outcomes of tourism development in the country and make it aligned with the domestic political agendas and foreign policies of different factions in the country. Tourism has become a matter for political debate in the country's conservative‐dominated political institutions and is harnessed to the pursuit of policies that are linked to the dominant ideological orientation and religious doctrine. Overall, the study deepens and extends existing knowledge surrounding politics, power, and tourism by providing new insights into the process of political transition in a non‐Western country and its ramifications for tourism destination development.
Bioactive fractions from Securidaca inappendiculata alleviated collagen‐induced arthritis in rats by regulating metabolism‐related signaling
Authors: Zuo Jian , Ji Cong‐Lan , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua , Yang Zhe , Xu Hui‐Fang , Han Jun , Dong Jiyang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSecuridaca inappendiculata is a xanthone rich medicinal plant that has been used in the treatment of inflammation and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for centuries; however, the material base and mechanism of action responsible for its anti‐arthritis effect still remains elusive. The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of xanthone‐enriched extract of the plant against collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms. The xanthone‐deprived fraction (XDF) and xanthone‐rich fraction (XRF) were obtained by using a resin adsorption coupled with acid‐base treatment method, and their chemical composition difference was characterized by UPLC‐MS/MS analysis. Effects of the two on CIA were analyzed using radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results indicated that XRF alleviated joint structures destructions with the higher efficacy than XDF, and decreased levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody in CIA rats significantly. Furthermore, XRF inhibited nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) mediated fat biosynthesis and utilization indicated by clinical evidences and metabonomics analysis, which thereby disrupted energy‐metabolism feedback. In addition, Toll‐like Receptor 4 and High Mobility Group Protein 1 expressions were downregulated in XRF‐treated CIA rats. Collective evidences suggest NAMPT could be an ideal target for RA treatments and reveal a novel antirheumatic mechanism of S. inappendiculata by regulating NAMPT controlled fat metabolism.
Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Copolymers with Tunable UCST‐Type Phase Transition Using Aqueous Photo‐RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Lertturongchai Pattida , Ibrahim Mohamed I. A. , Durand Alain , Sunintaboon Panya , Ferji Khalid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCurrently, the phase transition of aqueous binary systems containing thermoresponsive (co)polymers, and exhibiting upper critical solution temperature (UCST), is exclusively investigated in dilute solutions, which can limit the knowledge of their UCST‐type phase transition. Herein, a photo‐RAFT polymerization approach, using acrylamide (AAm) and acrylonitrile (AN) as monomer models, is used to prepare well‐controlled poly(AAm‐co‐AN) copolymers “in situ” in highly concentrated dispersions (60 wt%). The impact of the copolymer concentration and the chemical composition (as a variation of AN fraction in the copolymers) on the cloud point temperature (TCP) are investigated using turbidity measurements. Importantly, the results show that upon increasing the polymer concentration, a sharp increase of TCP up to a maximum point is observed, representing the UCST, before the decrease of TCP at higher polymer concentrations. Finally, a model equation is developed to fit the UCST values of poly(AAm‐co‐AN), which can be useful to design new poly(AAm‐co‐AN) copolymers with a desired UCST for a specific application.
Bilateral Multiband 4D Flow MRI of the Carotid Arteries at 7T
Authors: Schmitter Sebastian , Adriany Gregor , Waks Matt , Moeller Steen , Aristova Maria , Vali Alireza , Auerbach Edward J. , Van de Moortele Pierre‐François , Ugurbil Kamil , Schnell Susanne 
Published: March 2020

PurposeSimultaneous multislab (SMSb) 4D flow MRI was developed and implemented at 7T for accelerated acquisition of the 3D blood velocity vector field in both carotid bifurcations.MethodsSMSb was applied to 4D flow to acquire blood velocities in both carotid bifurcations in sagittal orientation using a local transmit/receive coil at 7T. transmit efficiency was optimized by shimming. SMSb 4D flow was obtained in 8 healthy subjects in single‐band (SB) and multiband (MB) fashion. Additionally, MB data were retrospectively undersampled to simulate GRAPPA R = 2 (MB2_GRAPPA2), and both SB datasets were added to form an artificial MB dataset (SumSB). The band separation performance was quantified by signal leakage. Peak velocity and total flow values were calculated and compared to SB via intraclass correlation analysis (ICC).ResultsClean slab separation was achieved yielding a mean signal leakage of 13% above the mean SB noise level. Mean total flow for MB2, SumSB, and MB_GRAPPA2 deviated less than 9% from the SB values. Peak velocities averaged over all vessels and subjects were 0.48 ± 0.11 m/s for SB, 0.47 ± 0.12 m/s for SumSB, 0.50 ± 0.13 m/s for MB2, and 0.53 ± 0.13 m/s for MB2_GRAPPA2. ICC revealed excellent absolute agreement and consistency of total flow for all methods compared to SB2. Peak velocity showed good to excellent agreement and consistency for SumSB and MB2 and MB2_GRAPPA2 method showed poor to excellent agreement and good to excellent consistency.ConclusionSimultaneous multislab 4D Flow MRI allows accurate quantification of total flow and peak velocity while reducing scan times.
GPBi‐CGstab(L): A Lanczos‐type product method unifying Bi‐CGstab(L) and GPBi‐CG
Authors: Aihara Kensuke 
Published: March 2020

SummaryLanczos‐type product methods (LTPMs), in which the residuals are defined by the product of stabilizing polynomials and the Bi‐CG residuals, are effective iterative solvers for large sparse nonsymmetric linear systems. Bi‐CGstab(L) and GPBi‐CG are popular LTPMs and can be viewed as two different generalizations of other typical methods, such as CGS, Bi‐CGSTAB, and Bi‐CGStab2. Bi‐CGstab(L) uses stabilizing polynomials of degree L, while GPBi‐CG uses polynomials given by a three‐term recurrence (or equivalently, a coupled two‐term recurrence) modeled after the Lanczos residual polynomials. Therefore, Bi‐CGstab(L) and GPBi‐CG have different aspects of generalization as a framework of LTPMs. In the present paper, we propose novel stabilizing polynomials, which combine the above two types of polynomials. The resulting method is referred to as GPBi‐CGstab(L). Numerical experiments demonstrate that our presented method is more effective than conventional LTPMs.
Impact of NDI‐Core Substitution on the pH‐Responsive Nature of Peptide‐Tethered Luminescent Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Sarkar Aritra , Kölsch Jonas C. , Berač Christian M. , Venugopal Akhil , Sasmal Ranjan , Otter Ronja , Besenius Pol , George Subi J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe pH‐responsive nature of two self‐assembled NDI‐peptide amphiphile conjugates is reported. The diethoxy substituted NDI showed a pH‐dependent assembly behaviour, as expected. In contrast, the isopropylamino‐ and ethoxy‐substituted NDI based supramolecular polymer was stable at acidic and basic aqueous conditions. This finding highlights how subtle changes in the molecular design of π‐stacked chromophore‐peptide conjugates have a drastic impact on their equilibrium structure and ultimately functional properties.
Early‐stage identification of encapsulants photobleaching and discoloration in crystalline silicon photovoltaic module laminates
Authors: Adothu Baloji , Chattopadhyay Shashwata , Bhatt Parth , Hui Pramiti , Costa Francis Reny , Mallick Sudhanshu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCommercially different variants of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulants are available in the photovoltaic (PV) market. Photobleaching and discoloration are the two most commonly observed phenomena, and their initiation may be different for different encapsulants. To investigate the EVA encapsulant photobleaching and discoloration, solar cell laminates having different EVA films (UV‐transparent [T], UV‐cut [C], and combination of the two [TC]) were tested in Xenon test chamber. High temperatures are created in the laminates during the aging tests by using a thick insulation layer behind the backsheet. The UV fluorescence images and grayscale profile show clear signs of photobleaching and discoloration. It is found that the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the T sample is four and nine times slower than the TC and C samples, respectively, in the photobleached region. Fluorescence imaging and spectra and Raman spectra were taken before and after the accelerated test and indicate that discoloration causing fluorophores generation is higher after the photobleached region for transparent and combined EVAs, whereas higher at the center for UV‐cut EVA laminates. A colorimeter was used to measure the Yellowness Index of the samples before and after the accelerated aging test. This work will help in the early detection of photobleaching and discoloration of any encapsulant used in the PV modules. This method will also help to study the behavior of encapsulants in different climatic conditions like hot, cold, dry, humid, and their combinations by simulating the same in an accelerated weathering chamber by using the different insulation thickness.
Registration of six partial waxy near‐isogenic hexaploid wheat genetic stock lines lacking one or two granule bound starch synthase I genes
Authors: Morris C. F. , Kiszonas A. M. , Beecher B. S. , Peden G. L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStarch is the leading component of wheat (Triticum spp.) grain and flour. Six hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum L.) near‐isogenic lines (NILs), WQL19WX7A (Reg. no. GS‐192, PI 691847), WQL19WX4A (Reg. no. GS‐193, PI 691848), WQL19WX7D (Reg. no. GS‐194, PI 691849), WQL19WX7A.A4 (Reg. no. GS‐195, PI 691850), WQL19WX7A.7D (Reg. no. GS‐196, PI 691851), and WQL19WX4A.7D (Reg. no. GS‐197, PI 691852), were developed to facilitate studies examining the role of starch amylose and amylopectin on wheat processing and end‐product quality and as parents to develop reduced amylose germplasm. Each NIL lacks a functional copy of one or two of the Waxy granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) genes and conversely possesses one or two functional genes. These genetic stocks were produced in ‘Alpowa’ soft spring wheat. The NILs are BC7 sibs, selected among segregating BC7 progeny using allele‐specific primers. The GBSSI null alleles were derived from the waxy cultivar Waxy‐Pen (PI 637779). These NILs are complemented by wild‐type Alpowa and a full waxy (zero amylose) line approved for release, ‘USDA Lori’. These lines were developed at the USDA Western Wheat Quality Laboratory.
Exploration of trans‐2‐(azaarylsulfanyl)‐cyclohexanols as potential pH‐triggered conformational switches
Authors: Ruyonga Mulinde R. , Mendoza Oscar , Browne Michael , Samoshin Vyacheslav V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA series of trans‐2‐(azaarylsulfanyl)‐cyclohexanols, structurally similar to previously studied trans‐2‐aminocylohexanols, have been synthesized and explored as conformational pH triggers. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to estimate the position of the chair‐chair conformational equilibrium and its acid‐induced shift towards the conformer with the azaarylsulfanyl and hydroxy groups in equatorial positions due to an intramolecular hydrogen bond and electrostatic interactions. Such acid‐induced transition may be used to control the geometry‐dependent molecular properties. The 1H NMR titration curves were used for estimation of the pKa values of protonated compounds that varied from 2.8 to 4.3 (in d4‐methanol) depending on the structure of the azaarylsulfanyl group.
Insight into COVID‐2019 for pediatricians
Authors: Li Yuanzhe , Guo FeiFei , Cao Yang , Li LiFeng , Guo YanJun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince December 2019, patients with unexplained pneumonia have been found in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The pathogen in these cases is a new type of coronavirus. The World Health Organization confirmed this diagnosis and named the pathogen SARSCoV‐2. The disease caused by SARSCoV‐2 is called Corona Virus Disease (COVID‐2019). The virus is highly infectious and pathogenic, causing human‐to‐human transmission. At present, SARSCoV‐2 is still rampant in the world. Zhengzhou City in Henan Province serves as an example, 102 people have been confirmed to be infected with SARSCoV‐2 (at 24:00 on February 5th, 2020), including three children, the youngest is 4 years old. From the perspective of clinical pediatricians as the first line fighting the epidemic, this paper will discuss the clinical characteristics, prevention and control measures, outcomes, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric cases.
Assessment of sidestream end‐tidal capnography in ventilated infants on the neonatal unit
Authors: Williams Emma , Dassios Theodore , Greenough Anne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesContinuous monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels can be achieved by capnography. Our aims were to compare the performance of a sidestream capnograph with a low dead space and sampling rate to a mainstream device and evaluate whether its results correlated with arterial/capillary CO2 levels in infants with different respiratory disease severities.Working HypothesesEnd‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) results by sidestream and mainstream capnography would correlate, but the divergence of EtCO2 and CO2 results would occur in more severe lung disease.Study DesignProspective cohort study.Patient‐subject SelectionFifty infants with a median (interquartile range) gestational age of 31.1 (27.1‐37.4) weeks and birth weight of 1.37 (0.76‐2.95) kg.MethodologyConcurrent measurements of EtCO2 in ventilated infants were made using a new Microstream sidestream device and a mainstream capnograph (gold standard). Results from both devices were compared with arterial or capillary CO2 levels. The ratio of dead space to tidal volume (Vd/Vt) was calculated to assess respiratory disease severity.ResultsThe mean difference between the concurrent measurements of EtCO2 was −0.54 ± 0.67 kPa (95% agreement levels − 1.86 to 0.77 kPa), the correlation between the two was r = .85 (P < .001). Sidestream capnography results correlated better with partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) levels in infants with less (Vd/Vt < 0.35; r2 = .66, P < .001) rather than more severe (Vd/Vt > 0.35; r2 = .33, P = .01) lung disease.ConclusionsThe sidestream capnography performed similarly to the mainstream capnography. The poorer correlation of EtCO2 to PCO2 levels in infants with severe respiratory disease should highlight to clinicians increased ventilation‐perfusion mismatch.
Optimization of the Process Parameters for the Synthesis of High Purity 4,6‐Dinitrobenzofuroxan (4,6‐DNBF)
Authors: Li Jin‐Shuh , Chen Fu‐Jen , Yang Hsiu‐Wen , Lu Kai‐Tai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract4,6‐Dinitrobenzofuroxan (4,6‐DNBF) is explosive and can also be used as an important intermediate in the synthesis of other explosives. It can be prepared by nitrating benzofuroxan (BF) with mixed nitric/sulfuric acid. However, little is known about its optimal synthesis parameters in the preparation process. In this study, Taguchi's experimental design method was used to improve the yield of 4,6‐DNBF. A L9 (34) orthogonal array with four control factors and three levels of each control factor was used to design nine experimental conditions. The experimental data were transformed into a signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio to analyze and evaluate the experimental conditions of the optimal parameter combination for the maximum yield of 4,6‐DNBF. The verification results indicated that the optimal synthesis parameters were as follows: nitration temperature was 40 °C, mass ratio of BF to H2SO4, was 1 : 15, volume ratio of HNO3 to H2SO4 was 1 : 2.0 and reaction time was 4 hours, and then the maximum crude yield and the maximum yield after purification could reach 73.2 % and 49.0 %, respectively. Furthermore, the synthesized 4,6‐DNBF was identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), elemental analyzer (EA), ultraviolet‐visible spectrometer (UV‐Vis) and thermogravimetry‐differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC), and its sensitivity was determined using BAM fallhammer, BAM friction tester, and electrostatic spark sensitivity tester.