bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inborn errors of immunity and metabolic disorders: current understanding, diagnosis, and treatment approaches
Authors: Teke Kisa Pelin , Arslan Nur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism consist of a heterogeneous group of disorders with various organ systems manifestations, and some metabolic diseases also cause immunological disorders or dysregulation. In this review, metabolic diseases that affect the immunological system and particularly lead to primary immune deficiency will be reviewed. In a patient with frequent infections and immunodeficiency, the presence of symptoms such as growth retardation, abnormal facial appearance, heart, skeletal, lung deformities, skin findings, arthritis, motor developmental retardation, seizure, deafness, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, impairment of liver function tests, the presence of anemia, thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia in hematological examinations should suggest metabolic diseases for the underlying cause. In some patients, these phenotypic findings may appear before the immunodeficiency picture. Metabolic diseases leading to immunological disorders are likely to be rare but probably underdiagnosed. Therefore, the presence of recurrent infections or autoimmune findings in a patient with a suspected metabolic disease should suggest that immune deficiency may also accompany the picture, and diagnostic examinations in this regard should be deepened.
Factors associated with extubation failure in very low birth weight infants: a cohort study in the northeast Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Raphaela Farias , Costa Cinthia Maria , Maria de Abreu Catarina , Lessa Cicero Amsterdan , Carvalho Aline Carla , Kassar Samir Buainain , Barreto Ikaro Daniel , Gurgel Ricardo Queiroz , Medeiros Andrea Monteiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Identifying and understanding the main risk factors associated with extubation failure of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants in different populations can subsequently help in establishing better criteria while taking decision of extubation. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with extubation failure in VLBW infants.

Methods
A cohort study of VLBW infants who underwent their first extubation between April 2018 and December 2019 in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alagoas, Brazil, were included in this study. Extubation failure was defined as reintubation within seven days of extubation. Relative risks of predictive variables different between the extubation success group (ES) and extubation failure group (EF) were estimated with a robust Poisson regression model.

Results
Out of the 112 infants included, 26 (23%) cases exhibited extubation failure. Extremely low birth weight (RR 2.55, 95% CI 1.07, 6.06), mechanical ventilation duration for first extubation greater than seven days (RR 2.66, 95% CI 1.10, 6.45), vaginal delivery (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.03, 4.18) and maternal chorioamnionitis (RR 4.89, 95% CI 1.26–18.98) remained independently associated with extubation failure. EF had a significant greater need for respiratory support, longer oxygen therapy duration, more bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and longer length of hospital stay, even when adjusted for confounding variables.

Conclusions
Extremely low birth weight infants needing mechanical ventilation, wherein the duration for first extubation was longer than seven days, with vaginal delivery and maternal chorioamnionitis failed more frequently at the first attempt of extubation. And this failure increased the risk of BPD and the length of hospital stay.
Understanding Multi-directional Democratic Decay: Lessons from the Rise of Bolsonaro in Brazil
Authors: Daly Tom Gerald 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
On 28 October 2018 the far-right candidate Jair Bolsonaro won the presidential elections in Brazil with 55% of the vote. This result has been viewed by many as yet another instance of the global rise of authoritarian populist leaders, grouping Bolsonaro alongside the likes of Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, Turkey’s Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, India’s Narendra Modi, or Donald Trump in the USA – indeed, Bolsonaro has been dubbed the “Trump of the Tropics.” The focus on Bolsonaro himself reflects the strong emphasis on executives in a rapidly expanding literature suggesting the emergence of a new form of would-be autocrat who is democratically elected but who hollows out democratic rule over time. However, this Article argues that, far beyond Bolsonaro, the Brazilian experience is an important case-study as it prompts reflection on three fundamental propositions. First, any analysis of liberal democracy as the perceived object of attack must be highly cognizant of the democratic “starting point” and history of a given state. Second, an excessive focus on executive-led assaults on democratic rule can impede fuller analysis of a broader suite of actors and factors relevant to the (declining) health of the democratic system. Third, authoritarianism is a more appropriate analytical lens than populism for identifying potential democratic threats, especially in the Brazilian context.
A study of uniformities on the space of uniformly continuous mappings
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Hamarsheh Abdulkareem Saleh , Sarma Ratna Dev , George Reny 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
New families of uniformities are introduced on

UC(X,Y)

, the class of uniformly continuous mappings between X and Y, where

(X,{\mathcal{U}})

and

(Y,{\mathcal{V}})

are uniform spaces. Admissibility and splittingness are introduced and investigated for such uniformities. Net theory is developed to provide characterizations of admissibility and splittingness of these spaces. It is shown that the point-entourage uniform space is splitting while the entourage-entourage uniform space is admissible.
Efficient message transmission via twisted Edwards curves
Authors: Kirlar Bariş Bülent 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we suggest a novel public key scheme by incorporating the twisted Edwards model of elliptic curves. The security of the proposed encryption scheme depends on the hardness of solving elliptic curve version of discrete logarithm problem and Diffie-Hellman problem. It then ensures secure message transmission by having the property of one-wayness, indistinguishability under chosen-plaintext attack (IND-CPA) and indistinguishability under chosen-ciphertext attack (IND-CCA). Moreover, we introduce a variant of Nyberg-Rueppel digital signature algorithm with message recovery using the proposed encryption scheme and give some countermeasures to resist some wellknown forgery attacks.
From Augustine’s to Hegel’s theory of Trinity
Authors: Hösle Vittorio 
Published: December 2020

Summary
The essay compares the two most original philosophical doctrines of the Trinity, namely the Augustinian and the Hegelian one. It focuses on their concepts of the philosophy of religion, their epistemologies of religion, their doctrines of the mind, and their conceptions of the immanent Trinity. It ends with a sketch of an alternative theory of Trinity that finds the best approach to the Trinity not in the individual mind but in intersubjective relations.
Farm size and its impact on land use: The case of the South African private wildlife industry
Authors: von Solms Woudi , van der Merwe Peet 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study briefly discusses the relatively young private wildlife industry of South Africa which surfaced in the late 1990s, early 2000s. The industry has unique conservation management models and land uses that include hunting, breeding and game sales and ecotourism and by-products as well as mixed farming practices that include stock and crop farming. The research found that breeding and game sales are the most productive land-use form. Since this research was conducted, the market for live game sales collapsed and the authors believe that other wildlife-related land uses, such as ecotourism and by-products, will gain popularity in the future to replace breeding which is now less favourable. Furthermore, it was also found that different farm sizes influence the land uses, and a combination of land uses was chosen to be incorporated on a private wildlife establishment. A qualitative research approach was followed, and 223 privately owned wildlife establishment owners and managers were interviewed at fourteen auctions across South Africa. This research also concludes that since most wildlife are found on private conservation land, this research is a must for the industry as it can guide private wildlife establishment owners and managers to manage their private wildlife establishments most productively. Since this research was conducted, the market for live game sales collapsed, and the results show that fewer wildlife establishments are now breeding with game. These game farmers or wildlife establishment owners are now looking for different options on their land. If they cannot find an alternative in the wildlife industry, they will divert to other farming activities such as cattle farming. This will lead to a decrease in land for wildlife, which can impact wildlife numbers in South Africa. The authors believe that land use such as ecotourism and by-products will gain popularity in the future to replace breeding. This research also shows where there are opportunities in the wildlife industry.
A review of malignant pleural mesothelioma in a large North East UK pleural centre
Authors: Murphy Declan C. , Mount Alexander , Starkie Fiona , Taylor Leah , Aujayeb Avinash 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The National Mesothelioma Audit 2020 showed Northumbria to have low rates of histopathological confirmation, treatment and one-year survival rates for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). We hypothesized that an internal analysis over a 10-year period provides valuable insights into presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes.

Methods
A single-centre retrospective case series of all confirmed MPM patients between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019 was performed. Demographics, clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics and outcomes were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V26.0.

Results
A total of 247 patients had MPM. About 86% were male, mean age 75.7 years. Dyspnoea (77.4%) and chest pain (38.5%) were commonest symptoms. 64.9 and 71.4% had pleural thickening and effusion, respectively. About 86.8% had at least one attempt to obtain a tissue biopsy, but histopathological confirmation in only 108 (43.7%). About 66.3% with PS 0 and 1 (62.7% of total cohort) had at least one anti-cancer therapy. Death within 12 months was associated with disease progression within 6 months (p≤0.001). Chemotherapy (p≤0.001) and epithelioid histological subtype (p=0.01) were protective.

Conclusions
This study confirms known epidemiology of MPM, demonstrates variability in practices and highlights how some NMA recommendations are not met. This provides the incentive for a regional mesothelioma multi-disciplinary meeting.
Ausgebeutet und vergiftet: Verletzung von Kinderrechten im Tabakanbau
Authors: von Eichborn Sonja 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Dem internationalen Abkommen zur weltweiten Tabakkontrolle (WHO FCTC) wurden die Menschenrechte zu Grunde gelegt. Obwohl im WHO FCTC das Recht auf Gesundheit im Vordergrund steht, verweist das Abkommen auch auf die Produktion von Tabak. Dieser Artikel verschafft einen knappen Überblick, wie in der Lieferkette der Tabakindustrie Kinderrechte verletzt werden, und zeigt Wege zur Verwirklichung von Kinderrechten auf.
The Use of Statistical Methods for Determining Attribute Weights and the Influence of Attributes on Property Value
Authors: Gdakowicz Anna , Putek-Szeląg Ewa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Determining the impact of individual attributes on the value or price of real estate in business practice poses many problems. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of statistical methods. The article proposes correlation coefficients (and their partial modifications) that can be used to determine the impact of selected features on the value of real estate. In addition, several procedures were taken into account for the factors in further calculations, using different methods for determining weights. Empirical verification of the proposed solutions was based on the mass valuation of land properties. The obtained results were compared with valuations developed by property appraisers and valuation errors were calculated. Based on valuation errors, the proposed methods of calculation procedures were ranged, indicating those which provide results closest to the individual valuations carried out by property appraisers.
ESTILO DE ENSEÑANZA, APOYO A LA AUTONOMÍA Y COMPETENCIAS EN ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Moreno-Murcia J.A. , Llorca-Cano M. , Huéscar E. 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del estudio consistió en comprobar el poder predictivo de los estilos de enseñanza docente sobre el apoyo a la autonomía y las competencias clave en estudiantes adolescentes en clases de educación física. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 475 estudiantes (M = 15.43, DT = 1.13) de ocho centros de una gran provincia española a los que se les midió la percepción de los estilos docentes, el apoyo a la autonomía y las competencias clave. Tras los análisis de regresión lineal por pasos, los estilos de enseñanza activos (individualizadores, participativos y socializadores, cognitivos y creativos) predijeron de forma significativa y positiva el apoyo a la autonomía y las competencias clave con una varianza explicada de 44% y 17%, respectivamente. Como conclusión general, el estudio muestra la relación entre los estilos de enseñanza docentes, el apoyo a la autonomía y el desarrollo de las competencias clave.
Features of conservative therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with metabolic syndrome: "treat to target"
Authors: Filimonov V. B. , Vasin P. V. , Panchenko V. N. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study. To improve the results of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with symptoms of the lower urinary tract in the presence of concomitant metabolic syndrome.Materials and methods. The investigation included 103 patients aged 42 to 75 years with a reliable diagnosis of BPH and signs of MS, according to the criteria of GFCF (2009). Patients were randomized into two comparable groups: Group 1 included 52 men who were prescribed tamsulosin in combination with targeted correction of metabolic disorders; Group 2 consisted of 51 men who were prescribed tamsulosin monotherapy. After 6 and 12 months of the study, the dynamics of metabolic parameters, prostate volume, residual urine volume, maximum urine flow rate, and total IPSS and QoL score were evaluated in each group of patients.Results. A direct correlation was established between the severity of metabolic disorders and the progression of BPH /LUTS in the main assessed indicators. The use of combination therapy with metformin, ACE inhibitors / ARA and statins in combination with tamsulosin showed efficacy after 6 and 12 months of the study compared with tamsulosin monotherapy. The treatment is based on the rinciple of T2T ("Treat to Target"): maintaining target levels of blood pressure, glucose, blood lipid parameters, and body weight correction.Conclusion. Overweight, arterial hypertension, the atherogenic profile of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are risk factors for more pronounced progression of BPH / LUTS and a deterioration in the quality of life of patients. The investigation IMSYPA showed the effectiveness of pathogenetically based complex therapy aimed at eliminating metabolic imbalance.
Estudio de las percepciones de mujeres sobre las prácticas de balance vida-trabajo en el sector bancario peruano
Authors: Chaparro Angulo Miluska , Tamayo Gutierrez Nicole , Tantapoma Vilchez Carolina 
Published: December 2020

La gestión de la diversidad de género para las empresas se basa en el beneficio que las mujeres representan para las empresas, especialmente en el sector bancario; por lo tanto, las prácticas de balance vida-trabajo representan una alternativa a favor de esta necesidad para las mujeres. El presente estudio1 tiene por objetivo conocer las percepciones de un grupo de mujeres profesionales con edades de 18 a 35 años sobre el balance vida-trabajo a través de un estudio de caso realizado en uno de los principales bancos peruano. Para ello, se analizan las relaciones estadísticas que pueden existir entre las determinantes de la mujer, la percepción de existencia y la percepción de importancia de las prácticas de balance vidatrabajo.El análisis de las determinantes concluyó en la creación de tres subgrupos, llamados perfiles. Para el análisis de percepciones, se construyó un instrumento denominado Nimica, el cual fue aplicado a 128 colaboradoras. Los principales resultados incluyen la constatación de que la percepción de importancia de cuatro prácticas se encuentra estadísticamente relacionada con la percepción de existencia y con los perfiles de las encuestadas.
Crecimiento de startups de agrobiotecnología: una aproximación a partir de un estudio de casos múltiple
Authors: Muñoz Arellano Elsie , Felices Ochoa Thania 
Published: December 2020

Las agrobiotech startups son un modelo de negocio disruptivo que brinda alternativas mediante productos o servicios a diferentes tipos de cultivo en términos de productividad, calidad y/o sostenibilidad. El desarrollo de la agrobiotecnología podría contribuir a solucionar los desafíos que presenta el sector agrario peruano, contrarrestando de forma efectiva la pobreza y el hambre en el país. Este artículo aporta al conocimiento de las agrobiotech startups, pues identifica y describe los elementos clave de crecimiento para este tipo de startups en el ecosistema emprendedor peruano. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de casos múltiple con tres agrobiotech startups ganadoras del concurso Startup Perú o Reto Bio. Los hallazgos demuestran que, por la particularidad del sector, la geografía y la tecnología aplicada, se identifican elementos referentes al entorno, negocio y al propio emprendedor, con participación y apreciación particular.
COVID-19 Among African Americans: An Action Plan for Mitigating Disparities
Authors: Peek Monica E. , Simons Russell A. , Parker William F. , Ansell David A. , Rogers Selwyn O. , Edmonds Brownsyne Tucker 
Published: December 2020

As the COVID-19 pandemic has unfolded across the United States, troubling disparities in mortality have emerged between different racial groups, particularly African Americans and Whites. Media reports, a growing body of COVID-19-related literature, and long-standing knowledge of structural racism and its myriad effects on the African American community provide important lenses for understanding and addressing these disparities. However, troubling gaps in knowledge remain, as does a need to act. Using the best available evidence, we present risk- and place-based recommendations for how to effectively address these disparities in the areas of data collection, COVID-19 exposure and testing, health systems collaboration, human capital repurposing, and scarce resource allocation. Our recommendations are supported by an analysis of relevant bioethical principles and public health practices. Additionally, we provide information on the efforts of Chicago, Illinois’ mayoral Racial Equity Rapid Response Team to reduce these disparities in a major urban US setting.
Survival Probability of Adults With Cystic Fibrosis Depending on Their Biological Status
Authors: John Aleksandra , Gozdzik-Spychalska Joanna , Durda-Masny Magdalena , Czaiński Wojciech , Pawłowska Natalia , Wlizło Jolanta , Batura-Gabryel Halina , Szwed Anita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive disease, and the type of mutation is recognized as one of the most important factors determining the survival rate. Factors contributing to disease exacerbations, and survival rate are poor nutritional status, lung failure, and infection development by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the severity of mutation, nutritional status, lung function, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on survival rate in adult patients with Cystic Fibrosis.Material and methods: A study of 124 (68 ♀ and 56 ♂) CF patients aged from 18 to 51 years were evaluated for: a) type of mutation in the CFTR gene, b) nutritional status (BMI), c) lung function (FEV1%), and d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection. For statistical calculations, Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival and Chi-squared test for multiple samples were used.Results: Both the type of mutation (Chi²=12.73, df= 3, p=0.005), lung function (Chi² = 15.20, df = 2, p = 0.0005), PA infection (Chi²= 11.48, df= 3, p= 0.009), and BMI (Chi²=31.08, df=4, p<0.000) significantly differentiated the probability of survival of CF patients. The shortest life expectancy was observed in patients with a severe type of mutation on both alleles, FEV1% between 40-70%, subjects in whom Pseudomonas culture was extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, and patients whose BMI was lower than 18.5 kg/m². The period from 30 to 40 years of age was of the most critical in CF adults’ lifespan. Furthermore, most exacerbations occurred between 20 and 35 years of age. Conclusions: All factors included in the study significantly influenced the survival rate of patients with cystic fibrosis. In the face of the growing population of CF patients, the research on factors affecting their life expectancy seems to take on greater importance.
Myoelectric Prosthesis Users and Non-Disabled Individuals Wearing A Simulated Prosthesis Exhibit Similar Compensatory Movement Strategies
Authors: Williams Heather E. , Chapman Craig S. , Pilarski Patrick M. , Vette Albert H. , Hebert Jacqueline S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Research studies on upper limb prosthesis function often rely on the use of simulated myoelectric prostheses (attached to and operated by individuals with intact limbs), primarily to increase participant sample size. However, it is not known if these devices elicit the same movement strategies as myoelectric prostheses (operated by individuals with amputation). The objective of this study was to compare compensatory movement strategies, measured by hand and upper body kinematics, of twelve non-disabled individuals wearing a simulated prosthesis to those of three individuals with transradial amputation using their custom-fitted myoelectric devices. Methods: Motion capture was used to obtain kinematic data as participants performed a standardized functional task. Performance metrics, end effector movements and angular kinematics were analyzed. Results: Results show that participants using a simulated or actual myoelectric prosthesis had similar differences in phase durations, hand velocities, hand trajectories, movement units, grip aperture plateaus, and trunk and shoulder motion when compared to normative behaviour. Conclusions: This study suggests that the use of a simulated device in upper limb research offers a reasonable approximation of compensatory movement strategies employed by a novice to mid-skilled transradial myoelectric prosthesis user.