bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On higher order parameters in cracked composite plates under far‐field pure shear
Authors: Ghouli Saeid , Ayatollahi Majid R. , Nejati Morteza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the analytical solution of the crack tip fields as well as the crack parameters in an infinitely large composite plate with a central crack subjected to pure shear loading. To this end, the complex variable method is employed to formulate an asymptotic solution for the crack tip fields in an anisotropic plane. Using a stress‐based definition of the crack tip modes of loading, only the mode II crack parameters are found to be non‐zero under pure shear load. Special focus is given to the determination of the higher order parameters of the crack tip asymptotic field, particularly the first non‐singular term, ie, the T‐stress. Unlike the isotropic materials, in which the T‐stress is zero under pure shear, it is found that the T‐stress is non‐zero for the case of anisotropic materials, being the only material‐dependent crack tip stress parameter. The veracity of our exact crack tip fields is assessed and verified through a comparison made with respect to the finite element (FE) solution. Finally, we demonstrate the significance of the T‐stress on stresses near the crack tip in composite plates under pure shear loads.
Fatigue behaviour of dry or partially saturated hot mix asphalt (HMA)
Authors: Lamothe Sébastien , Perraton Daniel , Di Benedetto Hervé 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses the water, the degree of saturation, and the void content effects on the fatigue behaviour of hot mix asphalt (HMA) samples mixed in the laboratory. Some results on stiffness are also given. Fatigue characterization was carried out through a uniaxial tension‐compression (T‐C) test performed in a controlled‐strain mode, at 10°C and 10 Hz, on cylindrical samples. Our results show that the stiffness is not significantly affected by the water. This finding could be attributed to the short period of immersion of samples in water, low testing temperature, low void content of tested samples, and high viscosity of bitumen used. Furthermore, the fatigue resistance of HMA partially saturated with water (PSW) is lower than the one obtained for dry materials.
Metabolic measurements and parameter estimations for bioenergetics modelling of Pacific Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus
Authors: Guo Chenying , Ito Shin‐ichi , Wegner Nicholas C. , Frank Laura N. , Dorval Emmanis , Dickson Kathryn A. , Klinger Dane H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs a crucial step in developing a bioenergetics model for Pacific Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus (hereafter chub mackerel), parameters related to metabolism, the largest dissipation term in bioenergetics modelling, were estimated. Swimming energetics and metabolic data for nine chub mackerel were collected at 14°C, a low temperature within the typical thermal range of this species, using variable‐speed swim‐tunnel respirometry. These new data were combined with previous speed‐dependent metabolic data at 18 and 24°C and single‐speed (1 fork length per second: FL/s) metabolic data at 15 and 20°C to estimate respiration parameters for model development. Based on the combined data, the optimal swimming speed (the swimming speed with the minimum cost of transport, Uopt) was 42.5 cm/s (1.5–3.0 FL/s or 2.1 ± 0.4 FL/s) and showed no significant dependence on temperature or fish size. The daily mass‐specific oxygen consumption rate (R, g O2 g fish−1 day−1) was expressed as a function of fish mass (W), temperature (T) and swimming speed (U): R = 0.0103W−0.490 e(0.0457T) e(0.0235U). Compared to other small pelagic fishes such as Pacific Herring Clupea harengus pallasii, Pacific Sardine Sardinops sagax and various anchovy species, chub mackerel respiration showed a lower dependence on fish mass, temperature and swimming speed, suggesting a greater swimming ability and lower sensitivity to environmental temperature variation.
Management strategies for forage rape (Brassica napus L. cv Goliath): Impact on dry‐matter yield, plant reserves, morphology and nutritive value
Authors: Islam M. R. , Garcia Sergio C , Horadagoda Ajantha , Kerrisk Kendra L. , Clark Cameron E. F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLimited information is available on the grazing management principles of forage rape (Brassica napus L.), particularly in relation to grazing height and intensity and the impact of these on dry‐matter (DM) yield and nutritive value. A glasshouse study was undertaken to investigate the effect of three defoliation heights (plant height at harvest; DH: 40, 70 and 90 cm; L, M and H DH respectively) and three defoliation intensities (height at which plants were cut; DI: 5, 20 and 35 cm of residual height; H, M and L DI respectively) on forage rape (cv Goliath) yield and nutritive value at two harvests (harvest 1, H1 and harvest 2, H2), and the impact of nitrogen (N) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves on regrowth. Increasing DH from L to H increased estimated total DM yield (H1 plus H2) from 0.5 to 4.6 t DM/ha but DI did not affect yield. Dry‐matter yield was optimized at 90 cm DH, but greater nutritive value was achieved by harvesting at lower levels of DH. Despite high in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD; 852–889 g/kg), harvesting at 90 cm DH could not meet the protein requirement of lactating dairy cows and harvesting at lower levels risks nitrate poisoning. Our results indicate the optimum DH may be between 70 and 90 cm DH, and 20 and 35 cm DI, which requires further studies.
Diagnostic work up of patients with increased bleeding tendency
Authors: Zegers Suzanne A. M. , Smit Yolba , Saes Joline L. , van Duren Clint , Schuijt Tim J. , van Heerde Waander L. , Schols Saskia E. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe diagnostic trajectory of patients with increased bleeding tendency can be very costly and time‐consuming. In addition, previous studies have shown that half of these patients remain without final diagnosis despite all efforts.AimThis study aimed to improve insight into the current diagnostic process of these patients.MethodsA total of 117 adult patients, referred to an academic hospital because of being suspected to have an increased bleeding tendency, were included. Different parameters were compared between patients receiving final diagnosis, patients without final diagnosis but a high Tosetto bleeding assessment tool (BAT) score (classified as bleeding of unknown cause, or BUC) and a control group consisting of patients without final diagnosis and a low BAT score.ResultsThe BAT score was significantly higher in patients in the BUC group as compared to patients reaching final diagnosis (8.1 vs 4.9). Interestingly, the two subcategories most prevalently increased were surgery and post‐partum haemorrhage‐associated bleeding (surgery: 2.1 vs 1.1; post‐partum haemorrhage: 0.7 vs 0.0). Laboratory screening results were more often abnormal in patients reaching final diagnosis compared to patients remaining without diagnosis and a high BAT score (n = 32 (78%) vs n = 14 (46%), 95% CI 1.5‐12), especially concerning the PFA (=27 (66%) vs n = 10 (33%), 95% CI 1.4‐10) and von Willebrand factor activity levels (n = 11 (27%) vs n = 1 (3%), 95% CI 1.3‐91).ConclusionIsolated high bleeding score on surgical or post‐partum bleeding correlates with a lower chance of receiving final diagnosis. Withholding extensive haemostatic testing should be considered. Better screening and confirmative haemostatic assays are still needed.
Landscape‐level environmental stressors contributing to the decline of Poweshiek skipperling (Oarisma poweshiek)
Authors: Belitz Michael W. , Monfils Michael J. , Cuthrell David L. , Monfils Anna K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract1. The Poweshiek skipperling [Oarisma poweshiek (Parker, 1870; Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)] is a federally endangered butterfly that was historically common in prairies of the upper Midwestern United States and Southern Manitoba, Canada. Rapid declines over the last 20 years have reduced the population numbers to four verified extant sites. The causes of Poweshiek skipperling decline are unknown. 2. We aggregated all known Poweshiek skipperling occurrence records to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of Poweshiek skipperling decline. Ecological niche models were developed for five time frames (1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005) and three spatial extents (eastern occupied range, western occupied range and total occupied range). We used a backward elimination method to investigate the effects of climate and land use on the ecological niche of Poweshiek skipperling. 3. Predictors of occurrence changed over time and across the geographical extent of Poweshiek skipperling. Land use covariates were retained in east models. In the west and total extent, climate variables contributed the most to model predictive power for the 1985, 1990 and 1995 models; land use variables contributed the most to model predictive power in the 2000 and 2005 models. 4. During the rapid decline in Poweshiek skipperling population numbers occurring at the turn of the century, probability of Poweshiek skipperling presence was being driven by proportion of natural land cover and distance to nearest grassland/wetland. Our results suggest that these land use variables are important landscape‐level variables to consider when developing risk assessments of extant populations and potential reintroduction sites.
Bioactive assessment of bioactive glass nanostructures synthesized using synthetic and natural silica resources
Authors: Durgalakshmi Dhinasekaran , Ajay Rakkesh Rajendran , Subramanian Balakumar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe sol‐gel route of synthesizing bioactive glasses of composition 45S5 has shown higher compatibility than the melt casting method. In bioactive glass synthesis, a major silica source is derived from the synthetic tetraethyl orthosilicate precursor. This work demonstrates the sol–gel‐derived bioactive glass prepared from rice husk and TEOS as silica sources. In this study, the effect of crystallization with respect to the silica source in bioactive glass composition was investigated to gain further understanding on the processes involved in the fabrication of bioglass. The in vitro biodegradation and apatite formation of the bioactive glass in simulated body fluid was investigated by spectroscopic and morphological studies. Both the bioactive glasses show a change in morphology toward nanostructured apatite formation after in vitro immersion studies. Further, the hemocompatibility of bioactive glass prepared using rice husk is similar to bioactive glass prepared from organic silica sources. This promises the possibility of synthesizing low cost and biocompatible bioactive glass 45S5 system for tissue engineering applications.
A conjoint analysis of the communication preferences of registered nurses towards mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Bayog Kriessa Mae S. , Bello Danielle Marie C. , Benabaye Jeph Marl P. , Benegas Thea Mae E. , Benito Alexandra Loise M. , Berioso Marlowe A. , Parial Laurence Lloyd B. , Macindo John Rey B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe nurse‐patient communication is a dyadic process involving the transmission and recognition of information and feelings. However, communication difficulty is a common phenomenon among mechanically ventilated patients which causes distress among patients and may compromise the quality of patient care that nurses provide.AimTo explicate the communication preferences of registered nurses towards mechanically ventilated patients.DesignCross‐sectional, choice‐based conjoint analysisMethodsFrom August to November 2017, 201 purposively selected registered nurses with prior experience in caring for mechanically ventilated patients were surveyed and ranked 12 choice bundles with four selected attributes of the communication process.ResultsFamily participation was the most important attribute (40.40%) while communication initiator was the least important attribute (15.44%). Registered nurses prefer to communicate with mechanically ventilated patients if family members are involved (utility = 1.03), if conventional communication equipment are used (utility = 0.24), if open‐ended questions are asked (utility = 0.13), and if nurses are the communication initiator (utility = 0.22).ConclusionThe model of communication preferences highlights the importance of involving the family in the communication process and can inform family‐centered policies for mechanically ventilated patients. Unit policies on the use of conventional communication equipment should be considered to maximize the nurse‐patient communication and potentially improve patient care.
A National Study of End‐of‐Life Care among Older Veterans with Hearing and Vision Loss
Authors: Carpenter Joan G. , Ersek Mary , Nelson Francis , Kinder Daniel , Wachterman Melissa , Smith Dawn , Murray Andrew , Garrido Melissa M. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESHearing and visual sensory loss is prevalent among older adults and may impact the quality of healthcare they receive. Few studies have examined sensory loss and end‐of‐life (EOL) care quality. Our aim was to describe hearing and vision loss and their associations with the quality of EOL care and family perception of care in the last 30 days of life among a national sample of veteran decedents.DESIGNRetrospective medical record review and Bereaved Family Survey (BFS).SETTINGVeterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers (N = 145).PARTICIPANTSMedical record review of all veterans who died in an inpatient VA Medical Center between October 2012 and September 2017 (N = 96 424). Survey results included 42 428 individuals.MEASUREMENTSThree indicators of high‐quality EOL care were measured: palliative consultation in the last 90 days of life, death in a non‐acute setting, and contact with a chaplain. The BFS reflects a global evaluation of quality of EOL care; pain and posttraumatic stress disorder management; and three subscales characterizing perceptions regarding communication, emotional and spiritual support, and information about death benefits in the last month of life.RESULTSIn adjusted models, EOL care quality indicators and BFS outcomes for veterans with hearing loss were similar to those for veterans without hearing loss; however, we noted slightly lower scores for pain management and less satisfaction with communication. Veterans with vision loss were less likely to have received a palliative care consult or contact with a chaplain than those without vision loss. Although BFS respondents for veterans with vision loss were less likely than respondents for veterans without vision loss to report excellent overall care and satisfaction with emotional support, other outcomes did not differ.CONCLUSIONIn general, the VA is meeting the EOL care needs of veterans with hearing and vision loss through palliative care practices. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:817–825, 2020
Validity of Cognitive Assessment Tools for Older Adult Hispanics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arévalo Sandra P. , Kress Jennifer , Rodriguez Francisca S. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESA higher prevalence and incidence of dementia is found in Hispanic/Latino older adults. Therefore, valid instruments are necessary to assess cognitive functioning in this population group. Our aim was to review existing articles that have examined and reported on the validity of cognitive assessment tools in Hispanic/Latino population groups in the United States.DESIGNSystematic literature review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis.MEASUREMENTSWe systematically searched in the PubMed and Web of Science databases and assessed the quality of the search results using the Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. We included evidence from within the United States as well as from Spanish‐speaking countries of origin (Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean).RESULTSThe literature search revealed 27 studies with adequate quality that investigated 13 instruments. The Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was the most frequently investigated instrument in Hispanic/Latino groups in the United States with high sensitivity for dementia but also with significant differences for ethnicity and education. The Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination‐Revised, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 10/66 short diagnostic schedule, clock‐drawing test, Phototest, Eurotest, and Executive Battery 25 had good diagnostic performance in Spanish‐speaking countries. The naming test and verbal fluency tests have a higher risk of misclassifying US Hispanics/Latinos who have dementia.CONCLUSIONEvidence on validity suggests that the MMSE may be an appropriate cognitive assessment tool for Hispanics. More research is needed to confirm the validity of cognitive tools to assess Hispanic/Latino groups for Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias in the United States to reduce current trends of culturally biased under‐ or overdiagnosis of cognitive impairments. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:882–888, 2020
Spatial dynamics of the insulin receptor in living neurons
Authors: Gralle Matthias , Labrecque Simon , Salesse Charleen , De Koninck Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInsulin signaling through the insulin receptor has long been studied in classic target organs, such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, where one of its effects is to increase glucose uptake. Insulin and insulin receptor are present in many areas of the brain, but the functions of brain insulin signaling outside feeding circuits are not well defined. It has been proposed that hippocampal insulin signaling is important for memory, that brain insulin signaling is deficient in Alzheimer's disease, and that intranasal insulin treatment improves cognition, but the mechanisms remain unclear and do not seem to involve increased glucose uptake by neurons. The molecular behavior of the insulin receptor itself is not well known in living neurons; therefore, we investigated the spatial dynamics of the insulin receptor on somatodendritic membranes of live rat hippocampal neurons in culture. Using single‐molecule tracking of quantum dot‐tagged insulin receptors and single‐particle tracking photoactivation localization microscopy, we show that the insulin receptor is distributed over both dendritic shafts and spines. Using colocalization with synaptic markers, we also show that in contrast to the glutamate receptor subunit glutamate receptor subunit A1, the dynamics of the insulin receptor are not affected by association with excitatory synapses; however, the insulin receptor is immobilized by components of inhibitory synapses. The mobility of the insulin receptor is reduced both by low concentrations of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α and by cholesterol depletion, suggesting an association with sphingolipid‐rich membrane domains. On the other hand, the insulin receptor dynamics in hippocampal neurons are not affected by increased excitatory signaling. Finally, using real‐time single‐event quantification, we find evidence of strong insulin receptor exocytosis on dendritic shafts. Our results suggest an association of the neuronal insulin receptor with specific elements of the dendritic shaft, rather than excitatory synapses.
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Diurnal regulation of the function of the rat brain glutamate dehydrogenase by acetylation and its dependence on thiamine administration
Authors: Aleshin Vasily A. , Mkrtchyan Garik V. , Kaehne Thilo , Graf Anastasia V. , Maslova Maria V. , Bunik Victoria I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is essential for the brain function and highly regulated, according to its role in metabolism of the major excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Here we show a diurnal pattern of the GDH acetylation in rat brain, associated with specific regulation of GDH function. Mornings the acetylation levels of K84 (near the ADP site), K187 (near the active site), and K503 (GTP‐binding) are highly correlated. Evenings the acetylation levels of K187 and K503 decrease, and the correlations disappear. These daily variations in the acetylation adjust the GDH responses to the enzyme regulators. The adjustment is changed when the acetylation of K187 and K503 shows no diurnal variations, as in the rats after a high dose of thiamine. The regulation of GDH function by acetylation is confirmed in a model system, where incubation of the rat brain GDH with acetyl‐CoA changes the enzyme responses to GTP and ADP, decreasing the activity at subsaturating concentrations of substrates. Thus, the GDH acetylation may support cerebral homeostasis, stabilizing the enzyme function during diurnal oscillations of the brain metabolome. Daytime and thiamine interact upon the (de)acetylation of GDH in vitro. Evenings the acetylation of GDH from control animals increases both IC50GTP and EC50ADP. Mornings the acetylation of GDH from thiamine‐treated animals increases the enzyme IC50GTP. Molecular mechanisms of the GDH regulation by acetylation of specific residues are proposed. For the first time, diurnal and thiamine‐dependent changes in the allosteric regulation of the brain GDH due to the enzyme acetylation are shown.
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Quantitative analysis of exercise among pregnant women with impaired glucose tolerance using pedometer data: An observational study
Authors: Ueno Mariko , Takagi Koichiro , Tachibana Yasunari , Morita Yoshihiro , Nagano Hiroaki , Muraoka Mitsue , Yanagisawa Keiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of our study was to examine the feasibility of the use of a pedometer to quantify the amount of exercise and the relationship between the amount of exercise and carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant women with impaired glucose tolerance.MethodsSeven pregnant women with impaired glucose tolerance (gestational diabetes: three, overt diabetes in pregnancy: one, pregestational diabetes type 2: three) were provided with pedometers. The relationship between pedometer data with blood glucose levels, maternal body weight, amount of insulin administered, blood hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, blood glycoalbumin levels and infant birth weight was investigated.ResultsWhen the 24‐h‐based data were examined, there was no correlation between the number of steps walked and blood glucose level immediately after walking, nor the average number of steps per day and the fasting blood glucose level in the next day. However, 4‐week‐based data showed that there was a negative correlation between the number of steps per day and the change in HbA1c level. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the average number of steps per day and change in the maternal body weight. A 1‐week‐based data from five participants who were being administered insulin indicated that there was a negative correlation between the average number of steps per day and the total amount of insulin administered per day.ConclusionActive application of pedometers is suggested to be feasible to improve metabolic control in pregnant women with glucose intolerance through the quantification of their exercise.