bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil abiotic and biotic properties constrain the establishment of a dominant temperate tree into boreal forests
Authors: Carteron Alexis , Parasquive Vlad , Blanchard Florence , Guilbeault‐Mayers Xavier , Turner Benjamin L. , Vellend Mark , Laliberté Etienne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Climate warming is expected to cause the poleward and upward elevational expansion of temperate plant species, but non‐climatic factors such as soils could constrain this range expansion. However, the extent to which edaphic constraints on range expansion have an abiotic (e.g. soil chemistry) or biotic (e.g. micro‐organisms) origin remains undetermined.

We conducted greenhouse experiments to test if the survival and growth of a major North American temperate tree species, Acer saccharum (sugar maple), is independently or jointly constrained by abiotic and biotic properties of field‐collected soils from within and beyond the species' elevational range.

Abiotic factors, particularly low base cation concentrations, were major constraints to seedling establishment in boreal forest soils (beyond the range edge), but insufficient arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum (biotic factor) also strongly reduced seedling performance in these soils.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that forecasting future changes in forest composition under climate warming requires consideration of soil properties as well as the mycorrhizal status of tree species.
Paradoxes of late‐modern autonomy imperatives: Reconciling individual claims and institutional demands in everyday practice
Authors: Börner Stefanie , Petersen Niklas , Rosa Hartmut , Stiegler André 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGovernmentality studies and social theories agree that in contemporary societies the idea of autonomy is no longer simply an ideal or an individual aspiration but a social obligation. In an attempt to clarify the meaning of autonomy in this day and age, this paper asks how individuals perceive and negotiate the various dimensions of autonomy and how this affects the functioning of late‐modern institutions. The empirical insights derived from a qualitative study provide a differentiated picture of how individuals pursue their claims to autonomy and comply with institutional demands for autonomy in everyday practice. By presenting seven types of late‐modern “autonomy managers,” the analysis evinces a usurpation of autonomous agency that renders individuals the institutional editors of the contemporary contradictions, deficits, and tensions that occur in their everyday interactions. This comes at the price of notionally free but exhausted actors running short of all kinds of resources.
Trends in smoking documentation rates in safety net clinics
Authors: Fortmann Stephen P. , Bailey Steffani R. , Brooks Neon B. , Hitsman Brian , Rittner Sarah Stuart , Gillespie Suzanne E. , Hill Christian Nissen , Leo Michael C. , Crawford Phillip M. , Hu Weiming , King Dana S. , O'Cleirigh Conall , Puro Jon , Ann McBurnie Mary 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of provider incentive policy on smoking status documentation.Data SourcesPrimary data were extracted from structured electronic medical records (EMRs) from 15 community health centers (CHCs).Study DesignThis was an observational study of data from 2006 to 2013, assessing changes in documentation of smoking status over time.Data Extraction MethodsWe extracted structured EMR data for patients age 18 and older with at least one primary care visit.Principal FindingsRates of documented smoking status rose from 30 percent in 2006 to 90 percent in 2013; the largest increase occurred from 2011 to 2012 following policy changes (21.3% [95% CI, 8.2%, 34.4%] from the overall trend). Rates varied by clinic and across patient subgroups.ConclusionsDocumentation of smoking status improved markedly after introduction of new federal standards. Further improvement in documentation is still needed, especially for males, nonwhite patients, those using opioids, and HIV + patients. More research is needed to study whether changes in documentation lead to improvements in counseling, cessation, and patient outcomes.
Prodrugs of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): A New Challenge
Authors: Elliott Simon P. , Holdbrook Tanith , Brandt Simon D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe concept of a substance acting as a prodrug for an intended drug is not new and has been known and utilized with particular benefits within medicine for efficacy and patient safety. Prodrugs of psychoactive substances are also not particularly new but this has also extended to considerations of prodrugs of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The continuing evolution of NPS has been a constant forensic challenge. In some countries, this constant evolution has led to the introduction of various alternative methods of drug control. Whether for this reason or in the pursuit of user experimentation, prodrugs of NPS have been discussed, developed, and exploited, posing some distinct forensic challenges. This is especially the case within toxicological analysis of biological fluids and for some substances, also forensic chemical analysis, through inherent instability of the prodrug or metabolism in the body. Particular examples of NPS prodrugs include 1‐propanoyl‐LSD, 1‐butanoyl‐LSD, 1‐acetyl‐LSD, and 2C‐B‐AN. This is in addition to associated substances and medicines that may be used for an intended pharmacological effect. Various prodrugs for stimulant and hallucinogenic substances in particular have appeared in the literature and have been discussed within drug user forums and made available for purchase online. Presently, drug monitoring data from national and international systems indicate that prodrugs are not widely available or problematic. Nevertheless, it is important that there is sufficient awareness of the prodrug concept and potential impact and associated forensic implications, not just for chemical analysis but also for toxicological considerations when a substance has been used.
The impact of contaminants on the accuracy of genome skimming and the effectiveness of exclusion read filters
Authors: Rachtman Eleonora , Balaban Metin , Bafna Vineet , Mirarab Siavash 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ability to detect the identity of a sample obtained from its environment is a cornerstone of molecular ecological research. Thanks to the falling price of shotgun sequencing, genome skimming, the acquisition of short reads spread across the genome at low coverage, is emerging as an alternative to traditional barcoding. By obtaining far more data across the whole genome, skimming has the promise to increase the precision of sample identification beyond traditional barcoding while keeping the costs manageable. While methods for assembly‐free sample identification based on genome skims are now available, little is known about how these methods react to the presence of DNA from organisms other than the target species. In this paper, we show that the accuracy of distances computed between a pair of genome skims based on k‐mer similarity can degrade dramatically if the skims include contaminant reads; i.e., any reads originating from other organisms. We establish a theoretical model of the impact of contamination. We then suggest and evaluate a solution to the contamination problem: Query reads in a genome skim against an extensive database of possible contaminants (e.g., all microbial organisms) and filter out any read that matches. We evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy when implemented using Kraken‐II, in detailed analyses. Our results show substantial improvements in accuracy as a result of filtering but also point to limitations, including a need for relatively close matches in the contaminant database.
A PRISMA‐Drıven Systematıc Revıew for Determınıng Cross‐Cultural Mental Health Care
Authors: Üzar‐Özçetin Yeter Sinem , Tee Stephen 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSEThe study aimed to determine how culture can affect mental healthcare delivery in order to make recommendations for improving care pathways supported by culturally competent care.METHODSThree international databases were systematically and independently searched by two researchers.FİNDİNGSThe results were grouped under three themes—quality of cross‐cultural mental health care, expectations of people receiving cross‐cultural mental health care, and perspectives of healthcare providers on cross‐cultural mental health care.CONCLUSİONSThe study indicates how important it is for nurses to understand the complex interplay between culture and mental health and to develop cultural awareness and sensitivity.PRACTİCE IMPLİCATİONSThe study seeks to identify best practice and make recommendations for enhancing positive attitudes toward the cultural needs of people with mental health problems
The Nuffield Council’s green light for genome editing human embryos defies fundamental human rights law
Authors: Drabiak Katherine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn July 2018, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics released the report Genome editing and human reproduction: Social and ethical issues, concluding that human germline modification of human embryos for implantation is not ‘morally unacceptable in itself’ and could be ethically permissible in certain circumstances once the risks of adverse outcomes have been assessed and the procedure appears ‘reasonably safe’. The Nuffield Council set forth two main principles governing anticipated uses and envisions applications that may include health enhancements as a public health measure. This essay provides a critique of three aspects in the Nuffield Council’s Report: its presumption of therapeutic efficacy, its inflation of parental rights to create a certain type of child, and its reliance on a specially commissioned report that appears to distort key definitions in international law.
A thymic stromal lymphopoietin polymorphism may provide protection from asthma by altering gene expression
Authors: Moorehead Amy , Hanna Raphael , Heroux Delia , Neighbour Helen , Sandford Andrew , Gauvreau Gail M. , Sommer Doron D. , Denburg Judah A. , Akhabir Loubna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenome‐wide association studies have identified associations of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1837253 in the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) gene with asthma, allergic disease and eosinophilia. The TSLP gene encodes two isoforms, long and short, and previous studies have indicated functional differences between these two isoforms.ObjectiveWe investigated the expression of these TSLP isoforms in response to a pro‐inflammatory signal, and the role of the rs1837253 genotype in gene isoform regulation.MethodsWe cultured nasal epithelial cells of asthmatic and non‐asthmatic subjects and evaluated poly(I:C)‐induced TSLP protein secretion using multiplex protein assays and gene expression profiles of the TSLP isoforms, and related genes using real‐time qPCR. We correlated these profiles with rs1837253 genotype.ResultsAsthmatic nasal epithelial cells exhibited increased TSLP protein secretion compared with nasal epithelial cells from healthy controls. The long TSLP isoform was more responsive to poly(I:C) stimulation. Additionally, the minor T allele of rs1837253 was less inducible than the major C allele, suggesting differential regulation; this may explain the “protective” effects of the T allele in asthma.ConclusionOur results provide important insights into the differential regulation and function of TSLP isoforms, including the role of TSLP rs1837253 polymorphisms in allergic inflammatory processes.Clinical relevanceThe key finding on the influence of TSLP genetic variation on disease expression/endotype could provide basis for investigation into targeted biologics for anti‐TSLP therapies.
Caregiver‐endorsed strategies to improving sexual health outcomes among foster youth
Authors: Albertson Katie , Crouch Julia M. , Udell Wadiya , Schimmel‐Bristow Allison , Serrano Jessica , Ahrens Kym R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFoster youth are at an increased risk of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared with peers. We conducted 11 semistructured focus groups with 86 foster and kinship caregivers in three child welfare jurisdictions to understand their strategies for monitoring and communicating with youth in foster care around sexual health topics, with the overall goal of developing a training for caregivers to reduce STI and unintended pregnancies among youth in foster care. We used thematic analysis to analyse the data. Three main themes emerged: (1) strategies to communicate with youth about sexual health (trust‐building, open/direct communication, tailoring information to each individual youth, creative conversation‐starters, and self‐education), (2) strategies for monitoring youth (e.g., tailoring monitoring to youth development/characteristics, clearly communicating rules, co‐development of rules, spending time with youth/friends/friends' parents, using technology, using a social support system), and (3) other strategies to promote positive youth development (advocating for youth, engaging youth in goal‐setting). Trainings that provide caregivers with (1) information on sexual health and normal adolescent development and (2) strategies and skills to help caregivers engage in open, evidence‐informed communication, and monitor youth in a tailored, developmentally‐informed manner are likely to improve reproductive health and other outcomes among youth in foster care.
Assessing stationarity in web analytics: A study of bounce rates
Authors: Poulos Marios , Korfiatis Nikolaos , Papavlassopoulos Sozon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEvidence‐based methods for evaluating marketing interventions such as A/B testing have become standard practice. However, the pitfalls associated with the misuse of this decision‐making instrument are not well understood by managers and analytics professionals. In this study, we assess the impact of stationarity on the validity of samples from conditioned time series, which are abundant in web metrics. Such a prominent metric is the bounce rate, which is prevalent in assessing engagement with web content as well as the performance of marketing touchpoints. In this study, we show how to control for stationarity using an algorithmic transformation to calculate the optimum sampling period. This distance is based on a novel stationary ergodic process that considers that a stationary series presents reversible symmetric features and is calculated using a dynamic time warping algorithm in a self‐correlation procedure. This study contributes to the expert and intelligent systems literature by demonstrating a robust method for sub‐sampling time‐series data, which are critical in decision making.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of community pharmacists toward the management of acne vulgaris in Palestine: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ghanem Rania E. , Mostafa Saja H. , Abu Hamamda Najla K. , Khdour Maher R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris (AV) is a common dermatological disease affecting almost 85% of teenagers. Patients with AV usually present at community pharmacies during the early stages of their disease.AimThe aim of this study was to assess community pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward AV management in West Bank in Palestine.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study. The questionnaire included four sections: 1) demographic, 2) knowledge, 3) attitude and practice items related causes, and 4) treatment options and counseling during management of patients with AV. A convenience sampling method was implemented in this study. Parametric and non‐parametric tests were used to compare different issues as appropriate. P < 0.05 were considered significant.ResultA total of 270 community pharmacists were interviewed, and more than half (54.1%) were males. The study revealed that community pharmacists had an inadequate level of knowledge on management of AV; only 7.7% had high levels of knowledge. Pharmacists have positive attitude regarding AV management, but inadequate knowledge was reflected on their treatment practices; only 10% of participants independently dealt with AV without referral. Pharmacists with a low level of knowledge showed five times more referrals than those with a high level of knowledge (OR: 5.3; P < 0.001), and those with a bachelor degree showed three times more referrals than postgraduates (OR: 3.3; P < 0.001).ConclusionThere is a demand to update dermatological knowledge of community pharmacists and encourage them to attend structured training programs about the management of AV.
Structures and properties of chicken myofibrillar protein gel induced by microwave heating
Authors: Wei Sumeng , Yang Yuling , Feng Xiao , Li Shanshan , Zhou Lei , Wang Jingyu , Tang Xiaozhi 
Published: January 2020

SummaryStructures and properties of myofibrillar protein gel prepared at different power (300–800 W) were evaluated. Amino acid analysis demonstrated that changes in microwave power did not alter primary structure of gel. However, an increase in microwave power could change higher structures of gel. As microwave power increased, α‐helix content decreased and β‐sheet content increased. Increased microwave power probably facilitated protein to unfold and expose the internal groups, causing surface hydrophobicity and the formation of disulphide bonds were enhanced, which indicated changes in tertiary and quaternary structures of protein. At 500 W, gel had the best ultrastructure where surface morphology, springiness and water holding capacity reached the optimum. Our findings suggested that microwave at an appropriate power (500 W) could change higher structures of myofibrillar protein gel to achieve desired processing and quality protein gel characteristics.
Why do cognitive prompts hurt learning in older adults?
Authors: Kraiger Kurt , Cavanagh Thomas M. , Willis Colin M. G. 
Published: January 2020

The purposes of the present investigation were to attempt to replicate the negative effects for learning prompts in older adults reported by Cavanagh, Kraiger and Peters (2016), determine if the impact of learning prompts depends on type of prompt, and investigate the two possible explanations of the negative impact of prompts – increased cognitive load and higher negative affect. Learning prompts refer to short text inserted into training content to encourage trainees to rehearse new content or engage in meta‐cognitive activity. Although learning prompts generally lead to greater learning in training, Cavanagh et al. reported a negative impact for prompts on measures of recall and transfer. Using similar training materials and learning outcome measures, we conducted two studies using both elaboration and meta‐cognitive prompts in online training. In the first, older adults (N = 194) between 55 and 70 years and younger adults (N = 218) were randomly assigned to either a meta‐cognitive, elaboration or no prompts (control) condition. Older adults learned less and reported greater mental effort than younger learners, but these effects were not moderated by prompt condition. In the second, N = 57 older adults were randomly assigned to the same three prompts conditions listed above. Older adults learned less with prompts than without, but there were no differences between conditions in mental effort or negative affect. In sum, we found negative effects for learning prompts in older adults in two studies, but found no evidence to suggest that these effects were due to either increased cognitive load or greater negative affect.
Detection of major weather patterns reduces number of simulations in climate impact studies
Authors: Ababaei Behnam , Najeeb Ullah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith climate change posing a serious threat to food security, there has been an increased interest in simulating its impact on cropping systems. Crop models are useful tools to evaluate strategies for adaptation to future climate; however, the simulation process may be infeasible when dealing with a large number of G × E × M combinations. We proposed that the number of simulations could significantly be reduced by clustering weather data and detecting major weather patterns. Using 5, 10 and 15 clusters (i.e., years representative of each weather pattern), we simulated phenology, cumulative transpiration, heat‐shock‐induced yield loss (heat loss) and grain yield of four Australian cultivars across the Australian wheatbelt over a 30‐year period under current and future climates. A strong correlation (r2≈1) between the proposed method and the benchmark (i.e., simulation of all 30 years without clustering) for phenology suggested that average duration of crop growth phases could be predicted with substantially fewer simulations as accurately as when simulating all 30 seasons. With mean absolute error of 0.64 days for phenology when only five clusters were identified, this method had a deviation considerably lower than the reported deviations of calibrated crop models. Although the proposed method showed higher deviations for traits highly sensitive to temporal climatic variability such as cumulative transpiration, heat loss and grain yield when five clusters were used, significantly strong correlations were achieved when 10 or 15 clusters were identified. Furthermore, this method was highly accurate in reproducing site‐level impact of climate change. Less than 7% of site × general circulation model (GCM) combinations (zero for phenology) showed incorrect predication of the direction (+/−) of climate change impact when only five clusters were identified while the accuracy further increased at the regional level and with more clusters. The proposed method proved promising in predicting selected traits of wheat crops and can reduce number of simulations required to predict crop responses to climate/management scenarios in model‐aided ideotyping and climate impact studies.
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of atrial fibrillation in patients with inherited heart diseases
Authors: Butters Alexandra , Isbister Julia C. , Medi Caroline , Raju Hariharan , Turner Christian , Sy Raymond W. , Semsarian Christopher , Ingles Jodie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and clinical course of atrial fibrillation (AF) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is well described, though less so for other inherited cardiomyopathies (familial dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction); and inherited arrhythmia syndromes (long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome or catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia [CPVT]). We examined the frequency, clinical characteristics and AF‐related management and outcomes amongst this patient population.MethodsWe retrospectively studied consecutive probands with inherited cardiomyopathy (n = 962) and inherited arrhythmia syndromes (n = 195) evaluated between 2002 and 2018.ResultsAF was observed in 5% to 31% of patients, with the highest frequency in HCM. Age of AF onset was 45.8 ± 21.9 years in the inherited arrhythmia syndromes compared with 53.3 ± 15.3 years in the inherited cardiomyopathies, with four CPVT patients developing AF at a median age of 20 years. Overall, 11% of patients with AF had a transient ischemic attack or stroke of which a total of 80% were anticoagulated; with 48% of events occurring at a CHA2DS2‐VASc < 2. Amongst sarcomere‐positive HCM, AF was independently associated with age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02‐1.08; P = .0014), left atrial area (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.17; P = .0005) and MYH7 variants (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.16‐5.61; P = .020).ConclusionUp to one‐third of inherited heart disease patients will develop AF. While common general population risk factors are key in patients with HCM, the genotype is independently associated with AF. Amongst inherited arrhythmia syndromes, AF is less common, though often occurs below the age of 50 years.