bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards constraining dark matter at the LHC: higher order QCD predictions for t$$ \overline{t} $$ + Z (Z → νℓ$$ \overline{v} $$ℓ)
Authors: Bevilacqua G. , Hartanto H.B. , Kraus M. , Weber T. , Worek M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Triggered by ongoing dark matter searches in the top quark sector at the Large Hadron Collider we report on the calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the Standard Model process pp → t$$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

+ Z (Z → νℓ$$ \overline{v} $$

v
¯

ℓ). This calculation is based on matrix elements for $$ {e}^{+}{\nu}_e{\mu}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\mu }b\overline{b}\kern0.33em {\nu}_{\tau }{\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$

e
+

ν
e

μ
−

ν
¯

μ

b

b
¯

ν
τ

ν
¯

τ

production and includes all non-resonant diagrams, interferences, and off-shell effects of the top quarks. Non-resonant and off-shell effects due to the finite W -boson width are also consistently taken into account. As it is common for such studies, we present results for both integrated and differential cross sections for a few renormalisation and factorisation scale choices and three different parton distribution functions. Already with the fairly inclusive cut selection and independently of the scale choice and the parton distribution function non-flat differential $$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
-factors are obtained for $$ {p}_T^{miss} $$

p
T
miss

, ∆𝜙ℓℓ, ∆𝒴ℓℓ, cos θℓℓ, HT,$$ {H}_T^{\prime } $$

H
T
′

observables that are relevant for new physics searches. Good theoretical control over the Standard Model background is a fundamental prerequisite for a correct interpretation of possible signals of new physics that may arise in this channel. Thus, these observables need to be carefully reexamined in the presence of more exclusive cuts before any realistic strategies for the detection of new physics signal can be further developed. Since from the experimental point of view both t$$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

and t$$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

+ Z (Z → νℓ$$ \overline{v} $$

v
¯

ℓ) comprise the same final states, we additionally study the impact of the enlarged missing transverse momentum on various differential cross section distributions. To this end normalised differential distributions for pp →$$ {e}^{+}{\nu}_e{\mu}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\mu }b\overline{b}\kern0.33em {\nu}_{\tau }{\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$

e
+

ν
e

μ
−

ν
¯

μ

b

b
¯

ν
τ

ν
¯

τ

and pp →$$ {e}^{+}{\nu}_e{\mu}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\mu }b\overline{b} $$

e
+

ν
e

μ
−

ν
¯

μ

b

b
¯

are compared.
Brane annihilation in non-supersymmetric strings
Authors: Antonelli Riccardo , Basile Ivano 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we study non-perturbative instabilities in Anti-de Sitter vacua arising from flux compactifications of string models with broken supersymmetry. In the semi-classical limit, these processes drive the vacua towards lower fluxes, which translate into higher curvatures and higher string couplings. In order to shed some light on this regime, we provide evidence for a description in terms of branes, which generate near- horizon AdS throats. To this end, we study the attractor properties of the geometries near the throat, and we also characterize their asymptotics away from it. We also describe the instability within a probe-brane picture, finding an agreement between low-energy (super)gravity and brane instanton estimates of the decay rates.
QCD in the heavy dense regime for general Nc: on the existence of quarkyonic matter
Authors: Philipsen Owe , Scheunert Jonas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lattice QCD with heavy quarks reduces to a three-dimensional effective theory of Polyakov loops, which is amenable to series expansion methods. We analyse the effective theory in the cold and dense regime for a general number of colours, Nc. In particular, we investigate the transition from a hadron gas to baryon condensation. For any finite lattice spacing, we find the transition to become stronger, i.e. ultimately first-order, as Nc is made large. Moreover, in the baryon condensed regime, we find the pressure to scale as p ∼ Nc through three orders in the hopping expansion. Such a phase differs from a hadron gas with p ∼$$ {N}_c^0 $$

N
c
0

, or a quark gluon plasma, p ∼$$ {N}_c^2 $$

N
c
2

, and was termed quarkyonic in the literature, since it shows both baryon-like and quark-like aspects. A lattice filling with baryon number shows a rapid and smooth transition from condensing baryons to a crystal of saturated quark matter, due to the Pauli principle, and is consistent with this picture. For continuum physics, the continuum limit needs to be taken before the large Nc limit, which is not yet possible in practice. However, in the controlled range of lattice spacings and Nc-values, our results are stable when the limits are approached in this order. We discuss possible implications for physical QCD.
Uniqueness of Galilean conformal electrodynamics and its dynamical structure
Authors: Banerjee Kinjal , Basu Rudranil , Mohan Akhila 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We investigate the existence of action for both the electric and magnetic sectors of Galilean Electrodynamics using Helmholtz conditions. We prove the existence of unique action in magnetic limit with the addition of a scalar field in the system. The check also implies the non existence of action in the electric sector of Galilean electrodynamics. Dirac constraint analysis of the theory reveals that there are no local degrees of freedom in the system. Further, the theory enjoys a reduced but an infinite dimensional subalgebra of Galilean conformal symmetry algebra as global symmetries. The full Galilean conformal algebra however is realized as canonical symmetries on the phase space. The corresponding algebra of Hamilton functions acquire a state dependent central charge.
Obesity is Associated with Worse Outcomes Among Abdominal Trauma Patients Undergoing Laparotomy: A Propensity‐Matched Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Fu Chih‐Yuan , Bajani Francesco , Bokhari Marissa , Tatebe Leah C. , Starr Frederick , Messer Thomas , Kaminsky Matthew , Dennis Andrew , Schlanser Victoria , Mis Justin , Toor Rubinder , Poulakidas Stathis , Bokhari Faran 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionObesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in abdominal trauma patients. The characteristics of abdominal trauma patients with poor outcomes related to obesity require evaluation. We hypothesize that obesity is related to increased mortality and length of stay (LOS) among abdominal trauma patients undergoing laparotomies.MethodsAbdominal trauma patients were identified from the National Trauma Data Bank between 2013 and 2015. Patients who received laparotomies were analyzed using propensity score matching (PSM) to evaluate the mortality rate and LOS between obese and non‐obese patients. Patients without laparotomies were analyzed as a control group using PSM cohort analysis.ResultsA total of 33,798 abdominal trauma patients were evaluated, 10,987 of them received laparotomies. Of these patients, the proportion of obesity in deceased patients was significantly higher when compared to the survivors (33.1% vs. 26.2%, p < 0.001). Elevation of one kg/m2 of body mass index independently resulted in 2.5% increased odds of mortality. After a well‐balanced PSM, obese patients undergoing laparotomies had significantly higher mortality rates [3.7% vs. 2.4%, standardized difference (SD) = 0.241], longer hospital LOS (11.1 vs. 9.6 days, SD = 0.135), and longer intensive care unit LOS (3.5 vs. 2.3 days, SD = 0.171) than non‐obese patients undergoing laparotomies.ConclusionsObesity is associated with increased mortality in abdominal trauma patients who received laparotomies versus those who did not. Obesity requires a careful evaluation of alternatives to laparotomy in injured patients.
Early diagnosis of ataxia telangiectasia in the neonatal phase: a parents’ perspective
Authors: Schoenaker M. H. D. , Blom M. , de Vries M. C. , Weemaes C. M. R. , van der Burg M. , Willemsen M. A. A. P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder with variable immunodeficiency. Together with the Dutch A-T community, we investigated the opinion of A-T parents on an early A-T diagnosis in the asymptomatic phase of the disease. During an annual national meeting for A-T patients and families, the topic of an early A-T diagnosis was discussed in relation to the recent introduction of neonatal screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in the Netherlands. Based on the discussion, individual arguments were identified and processed into a questionnaire, which was sent out to 64 A-T parents (32 families). Arguments included were insecurity to diagnosis, possible medical advantages, appropriate genetic counseling and family planning, loss of “golden” year(s), and early cancer screening for parents. The response rate was 55% (n = 35 parents). Twenty-six (74%) parents felt that the advantages of an early diagnosis outweighed the disadvantages, five parents thought that the disadvantages would outweigh the advantages (14%), and four parents did not indicate a preference.
Conclusion: The majority of parents of a child with A-T would have preferred an early diagnosis during the asymptomatic phase of the disease, because the uncertainty during the diagnostic process had had a major impact on their lives. In addition, the knowledge of being carriers of an ATM gene mutation influenced decisions about family planning. Parents who opposed against an early diagnosis emphasized the joy of having a seemingly healthy child until diagnosis.What is Known:• Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a devastating DNA repair disorder with a huge impact on quality of life of patients and their parents.• Patients with A-T may incidentally be identified at birth as the consequence of neonatal screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).What is New:• The majority of Dutch parents of A-T patients (74%) would have preferred an early diagnosis of their child in the asymptomatic phase of the disease.• Major arguments for an early A-T diagnosis were (1) the experienced insecurity in diagnostic trajectories and its impact on families and (2) the knowledge of being ATM mutation carriers when deciding about family planning. An argument against an early diagnosis is losing the joy of having a seemingly healthy child until diagnosis.
Herding mechanisms to maintain the cohesion of a harem group: two interaction phases during herding
Authors: Ringhofer Monamie , Go Clark Kendrick , Inoue Sota , S. Mendonça Renata , Hirata Satoshi , Kubo Takatomi , Ikeda Kazushi , Yamamoto Shinya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn animal groups, individual interactions achieve coordinated movements to maintain cohesion. In horse harem groups, herding is a behavior in which males chase females from behind; it is considered to assist with group cohesiveness. However, the mechanisms by which the individuals move to maintain group cohesion are unknown. We applied novel non-invasive methods of drone filming and video tracking to observe horse movements in the field with high temporal and spatial resolution. We tracked all group members and drew trajectories. We analyzed the movements of females and found two phases of interactions based on their timing of movement initiation. The females that moved first were those nearest to the herding male, while the movement initiation of the later females was determined by the distance from the nearest moving female, not by the distance from the herding male. These interactions are unique among animal group movements and might represent a herding mechanism responsible for maintaining group cohesion. This might be due to long-term stable relationships within a harem group and strong social bonds between females. This study showed that the combination of drone filming and video tracking is a useful method for analyzing the movements of animals simultaneously in high resolution.
Epigenetic Modifications in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Gaździcka Jadwiga , Gołąbek Karolina , Strzelczyk Joanna Katarzyna , Ostrowska Zofia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common human malignancy in the world, with high mortality and poor prognosis for patients. Among the risk factors are tobacco and alcohol intake, human papilloma virus, and also genetic and epigenetic modifications. Many studies show that epigenetic events play an important role in HNSCC development and progression, including DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone posttranslational covalent modifications, and effects of non-coding RNA. Epigenetic modifications may influence silencing of tumor suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation, regulate transcription by microRNAs and changes in chromatin structure, or induce genome instability through hypomethylation. Moreover, getting to better understand aberrant patterns of methylation may provide biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis, while knowledge about target genes of microRNAs may improve the therapy of HNSCC and extend overall survival. The aim of this review is to present recent studies which demonstrate the role of epigenetic regulation in the development of HNSCC.
A Model of Virtuous Leadership in Africa: Case Study of a Nigerian Firm
Authors: Adewale Adeyinka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe nature and extent of Africa’s leadership challenge has been explored from multi-theoretical perspectives finding that amongst other issues, it is ethical in nature. This study therefore aimed to investigate and present a model of virtuous leadership within an indigenous African firm’s context drawing from the African virtue ethics ofAfro-communitarianism. Using a qualitative case study design, it explored a model of virtuous leadership within a leading Nigerian pharmaceutical brand. Data was collected from multiple primary sources including semi-structured interviews and informal conversations as well as secondary sources. This study found a virtuous leadership model underpinned by four African primary virtues—Truthfulness, Courage, Humility and Humanity within a context of communitarianism. It also found that the nature and practice of these four virtues by the leaders within the context positively shaped employees’ moral characters through visible modelling but not without its flaws. It concluded that virtuous leadership models are essential within the African leadership context to rise above existing status quo to build communities of practices that are not business as usual but seeking the ultimate end of facilitating the flourishing of immediate and wider communities alike.
Efficient Strategies for CEGAR-Based Model Checking
Authors: Hajdu Ákos , Micskei Zoltán 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Automated formal verification is often based on the Counterexample-Guided Abstraction Refinement (CEGAR) approach. Many variants of CEGAR have been developed over the years as different problem domains usually require different strategies for efficient verification. This has lead to generic and configurable CEGAR frameworks, which can incorporate various algorithms. In our paper we propose six novel improvements to different aspects of the CEGAR approach, including both abstraction and refinement. We implement our new contributions in the Theta framework allowing us to compare them with state-of-the-art algorithms. We conduct an experiment on a diverse set of models to address research questions related to the effectiveness and efficiency of our new strategies. Results show that our new contributions perform well in general. Moreover, we highlight certain cases where performance could not be increased or where a remarkable improvement is achieved.
Trace analysis of radioisotopes by laser spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
Authors: Strashnov Ilya , Fernando Ruchika , Izosimov Igor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Trace analysis (at fg-level) of radioisotopes requires a considerable push in analytical technology. Among most sensitive are a Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence (TRLIF) and Chemiluminescence (TRLIC) methods for detection of elemental compositions and valence states and a Resonance Ionisation Spectroscopy (RIS) in combination with mass spectrometry for isotope composition determination. The radioisotopes of interest in environmental radiochemistry and planetary science and their analysis using TRLIF/TRLIC/RIS are discussed. The aspects of the development of the new technology implementing these methods are also described.
Surface Plasmon-Driven Reversible Transformation of DNA-Bound Methylene Blue Detected In Situ by SERS
Authors: Shattique Muhammad R. , Stepanova Maria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have reported the in situ surface–enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) monitoring of repetitive surface plasmon–mediated chemical transformation cycles in a conjugate nanobiological system. The nanobiological conjugate comprised a gold-coated plasmonic substrate biofunctionalized with thiolated single–stranded DNA carrying a reduction-oxidation indicator methylthioninium chloride, which is also known as methylene blue (MB), in buffer solution at a neutral pH. Exposure to a 523-nm laser excitation produced pronounced SERS bands of oxidized MB. Continued exposure to the laser resulted in disappearance of the SERS bands, which can be interpreted as a reduction of MB. This occurred in the absence of electrochemical stimulation, chemical agents, or catalysts, suggesting a surface plasmon–mediated mechanism of the transformation. The oxidized form of MB was recovered by an addition of fresh buffer solution on the surface of the sample. Continued laser exposure with periodical addition of the buffer resulted in repetitive cycles of changes in the SERS pattern, which were monitored in situ. The chemical transformations of MB were preceded by a buildup of an intermediate SERS pattern, which was attributed to a transient form of MB created by selective surface plasmon-driven excitation.
Testing Model Structure Through a Unification of Some Modern Parametric Models of Creep: An Application to 316H Stainless Steel
Authors: Evans M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is important to be able to predict the creep life of materials used in power plants and in aeroengines. This paper develops a new parametric creep model that extends those put forward by Wilshire and Yang et al. by having them as restricted or special cases of a new generalized model. When this generalized model was applied to failure time data on 316H stainless steel it was found that neither of these established parametric models explained the greatest variation in the experimentally obtained times to failure. Instead, a version of this generalized model was most compatible with the experimental data. It was further found that the activation energy for this material changed at a normalized stress of 0.41 due to a change from the domination of dislocation movement within grains to movement within grain boundaries. Finally, when the generalized model was used to predict failure times beyond 5000 hours (using only the shorter test times), the new generalized model had better predictive capability at most temperatures.
Learning from the Dark Web: leveraging conversational agents in the era of hyper-privacy to enhance marketing
Authors: Thomaz Felipe , Salge Carolina , Karahanna Elena , Hulland John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Web is a constantly evolving, complex system, with important implications for both marketers and consumers. In this paper, we contend that over the next five to ten years society will see a shift in the nature of the Web, as consumers, firms and regulators become increasingly concerned about privacy. In particular, we predict that, as a result of this privacy-focus, various information sharing and protection practices currently found on the Dark Web will be increasingly adapted in the overall Web, and in the process, firms will lose much of their ability to fuel a modern marketing machinery that relies on abundant, rich, and timely consumer data. In this type of controlled information-sharing environment, we foresee the emersion of two distinct types of consumers: (1) those generally willing to share their information with marketers (Buffs), and (2) those who generally deny access to their personal information (Ghosts). We argue that one way marketers can navigate this new environment is by effectively designing and deploying conversational agents (CAs), often referred to as “chatbots.” In particular, we propose that CAs may be used to understand and engage both types of consumers, while providing personalization, and serving both as a form of differentiation and as an important strategic asset for the firm—one capable of eliciting self-disclosure of otherwise private consumer information.
Is ‘re-mobilisation’ nature restoration or nature destruction? A commentary
Authors: Delgado-Fernandez Irene , Davidson-Arnott Robin G. D. , Hesp Patrick A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCoastal dunes are experiencing increases in vegetation cover and reduced mobility levels in many sites around the world. Ecology-led approaches to coastal dune management perceive this change as ‘undesirable’ because the increase in plant cover leads to a reduction in partially vegetated to bare sand habitats and the species depending on them. This has generated a shift in the management paradigm where the objective is to revert this trend by intervening in the landscape, with actions ranging from re-introducing grazing and mowing, to mechanical removal of dune form and vegetation (dune ‘rejuvenation’). In some cases, such as many coastal dunes in Britain, this has also led to low controls on visitor pressure and allowing/promoting human trampling as a ‘natural’ way to free up areas of bare sand. This commentary critically analyses the main principles (and terminology) underlying this relatively recent shift in management paradigm, and questions assumptions such as ‘bare sand is good’ and/or ‘mobility is natural’ in the context of dune evolutionary cycles and responses to abiotic and biotic drivers. We review the limitations and dangers of this approach and argue that it is not sustainable given the current climatic and environmental conditions, and that it can increase the risk of coastal erosion and force dune systems to deviate from adapting and changing to direct/indirect drivers. Finally, we present the benefits of a management approach that focuses on minimizing human impacts so that natural processes continue to occur.