bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification, partial characterization, and use of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) vitellogenins for the development of ELISA and biosensor immunoassays
Authors: Cocci Paolo , Palermo Francesco Alessandro , Pucciarelli Stefania , Miano Antonino , Cuccioloni Massimiliano , Angeletti Mauro , Roncarati Alessandra , Mosconi Gilberto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vtg) has proven to be a sensitive and simple biomarker in determining sex, sexual maturity, and xenoestrogenic effects in fish. Thus, our investigation has been focused on identification, partial characterization, and quantification of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) Vtg through the use of a variety of biochemical and immunological analytical techniques. Mullet is considered both a promising aquaculture candidate and an important species for improving sediment quality in polyculture systems. In the first part of this work, grey mullet Vtg was purified from plasma of 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced male fish by a one-step chromatographic protocol, and partially characterized. Specific polyclonal antibodies were then raised against the mullet Vtg, and both an indirect ELISA and an optical immunosensor were set up and validated to quantify plasma Vtg. The indirect ELISA and the optical immunosensor assay developed showed linear measuring in the range 56.8–1047.1 ng mL−1 and 70–739 ng mL−1 Vtg concentrations in standard solutions, respectively. The results obtained suggest that the indirect ELISA allows Vtg detection over a wide dynamic range, thus resulting more suitable for rapid and sensitive sample screening. Therefore, we suggest that the direct immunosensor is a promising tool which needs more investigation to improve the sensitivity.
Clarity under cognitive constraint: Can a simple directive encourage busy speakers to avoid ambiguity?
Authors: KURINEC COURTNEY A. , WISE ASHLEIGH V. T. , CAVAZOS CHRISTINA A. , REYES ELYSSE M. , WEAVER CHARLES A. 
Published: November 2019

abstractFailing to communicate a message in everyday settings can be a frustrating experience. However, miscommunication can lead to disaster in high-stakes situations. Yet in these contexts, under pressure to perform efficiently, speakers may also find themselves with limited resources to devote to message clarity. To understand how cognitive constraint affects communication and explore a possible low-cost solution, we investigated a method for moderating ambiguity production in the face of competing attentional demands: taking the perspective of the listener. Over two experiments, speakers labeled images (Experiment 1) or provided instructions (Experiment 2) to listeners in a non-interactive communication task. In both experiments, speakers were randomly assigned to cognitive constraint and perspective-taking conditions, such that some speakers were under higher cognitive constraint and some speakers received a simple perspective-taking directive. We replicated previous findings that additional cognitive constraint impairs speakers’ ability to avoid ambiguity. Additionally, we found that a simple directive can promote speaker clarity when labeling images, but not when providing instructions. These results suggest that a simple directive is likely insufficient to ensure speaker clarity in all cases.
Deliberate disproportionate policy response: towards a conceptual turn
Authors: Maor Moshe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPolicy scholars tend to view disproportionate policy and its two component concepts – policy over- and underreaction – as eitherunintentionalerrors of commission or omission, ornonintentionalresponses that political executives never intended to implement yet are not executed unknowingly, inadvertently or accidentally. This article highlights a conceptual turn, whereby these concepts are reentering the policy lexicon as types ofintentionalpolicy responses that are largely undertaken when political executives are vulnerable to voters. Intentional overreactions derive from the desire of political executives to pander to voters’ opinions or signal extremity by overreacting to these opinions in domains susceptible to manipulation for credit-claiming purposes. Intentional underreactions are motivated by political executives’ attempts to avoid blame and may subsequently lead to deliberate overreaction. This conceptual turn forces scholars to recognise the political benefits that elected executives may reap from deliberately implementing disproportionate policies, and that such policies can at times be effective.
Thejus post bellumas ‘integrity’ – Transitional criminal justice, the ICC, and the Colombian amnesty law
Authors: Eskauriatza Javier Sebastián 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article is about a relatively new version of the ‘emerging’jus post bellumconcept. It asks whether thejus post bellumas ‘integrity’ is useful as a normative guide in the interpretation of international criminal law during transitions when the requirements of international criminal law are ambiguous or unclear. It develops the main elements of thejus post bellumas integrity as an analytical framework. It then evaluates the theoretical and practical application of the concept in relation to the task of the International Criminal Court in evaluating the ‘alternative sentences’ regime in Colombia. It argues that a Dworkinian approach to international criminal law must make certain assumptions about the international legal order which are difficult to sustain. The difficulties discussed here are related to the structural conditions needed for a ‘community of principle’ to arise in Dworkin’s theory. The article demonstrates that thejus post bellumas integrity may be useful for identifying the principles of international criminal law thatshouldapply to states in transition from conflict to peace. However, despite its usefulness, the concept is susceptible to the usual arguments against adopting ‘natural law’ constructions in international legal method (and post-conflict law).
Oral Approach Avoidance
Authors: Godinho Sandra , Garrido Margarida V. , Horchak Oleksandr V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Words whose articulation resembles ingestion movements are preferred to words mimicking expectoration movements. This so-called in-out effect, suggesting that the oral movements caused by consonantal articulation automatically activate concordant motivational states, was already replicated in languages belonging to Germanic (e.g., German and English) and Italic (e.g., Portuguese) branches of the Indo-European family. However, it remains unknown whether such preference extends to the Indo-European branches whose writing system is based on the Cyrillic rather than Latin alphabet (e.g., Ukrainian), or whether it occurs in languages not belonging to the Indo-European family (e.g., Turkish). We replicated the in-out effect in two high-powered experiments ( N = 274), with Ukrainian and Turkish native speakers, further supporting an embodied explanation for this intriguing preference.
How Emotions Modulate Arithmetic Performance
Authors: Fabre Ludovic , Lemaire Patrick 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The goal of the present study was to test whether and how emotions influence arithmetic performance. Participants had to verify arithmetic problems. True problems were either easier or harder problems. False problems were parity-match or parity-mismatch problems. The odd/even status of proposed and correct answers was the same in parity-match problems (e.g., 19 × 7 = 131) and different in parity-mismatch problems (e.g., 17 × 9 = 152). Before each problem, participants saw a positive (e.g., smiling baby), negative (e.g., mutilations), or neutral pictures (e.g., neutral face) selected from International Affective Picture System (IAPS). They had to decide whether each picture includes a person or not before verifying each arithmetic problem. Results showed different effects of emotion on true- and false problem verification. Participants’ performance on true problems showed decreased problem-difficulty after processing negative pictures and increased difficulty effects after processing positive pictures. On false problems, we found smaller parity-violation effects after negative pictures (i.e., decreased performance on parity-mismatch problems), together with larger parity-violation effects after positive pictures (i.e., decreased performance on parity-match problems). These findings suggest that emotions influence arithmetic performance via which strategy is used and how each strategy is executed on each problem. They have important implications for understanding the role of emotions on arithmetic performance, and more generally on how emotions influence cognition.
The Warped Heliospheric Current Sheet
Authors: Peng Jun , Liu Yong C.‐M. , Huang Jia , Klecker Berndt , Wang Chi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe global shape of the intersection of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) with the heliospheric equatorial plane is usually considered to be an Archimedean spiral, however, so far this has not been measured directly. We used multi‐spacecraft measurements to determine its global shape. The time‐shifted measured locations are fitted with Archimedean spirals. In most cases, the locations are fitted very well with Archimedean spirals, in addition to the direction of HCS determined by the Minimum Variation Analysis. However, there is one case in which the direction of the HCS does not fit well with the Archimedean spiral and therefore we fit it with a sinusoidal function in addition to an Archimedean spiral. The result showed that in some cases, the HCS is better described with an Archimedean spiral, superposed by small‐scale ripples.
Weak Magnetic Storms Can Modulate Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere Interaction Significantly: Mechanisms and Manifestations at Mid‐Latitudes
Authors: Kotov D.V. , Richards P.G. , Truhlík V. , Maruyama N. , Fedrizzi M. , Shulha M.O. , Bogomaz O.V. , Lichtenberger J. , Hernández‐Pajares M. , Chernogor L.F. , Emelyanov L.Ya. , Zhivolup T.G. , Chepurnyy Ya.M. , Domnin I.F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA comprehensive study of the response of the ionosphere‐plasmasphere system at mid‐latitudes to weak (Dstmin > −50 nT) magnetic storms is presented. For the first time, it is shown that weak magnetic disturbances can lead to significant modulation of ionosphere‐plasmasphere H+ ion fluxes. It is found that this modulation is caused by the enhancements/reductions of the topside O+ ion density, which is induced by F2‐layer peak height rise and fall during the storms. The F2‐layer motion is caused by thermospheric wind changes and by a penetration electric field. Both drivers are closely related to the changes in the Bz component of interplanetary magnetic field. The most prominent manifestation of the H+ ion flux modulation is strong changes in H+ ion fraction in the topside ionosphere. This study also indicates that the NRLMSISE‐00 model provides the correct relative changes of neutral H density during weak magnetic storms and also that there is a compelling need to include geomagnetic activity indices, in addition to solar activity (F10.7), as input parameters to empirical topside ionosphere models.
Phase Equilibrium Condition for Pore Hydrate: Theoretical Formulation and Experimental Validation
Authors: Zhou Jiazuo , Liang Wenpeng , Wei Changfu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBased on the chemical potential equilibrium of water, a generalized equation of phase equilibrium is presented for pore hydrate, which relates the temperature depression of hydrate to the capillary pressure and osmotic pressure. The relationship between capillary pressure and unhydrated water content can be characterized by a soil‐water characteristic curve (SWCC). Uniting the SWCC and the phase equilibrium equation yields the equation of soil hydration characteristic curve (SHCC), which expresses the relationship between the unhydrated water content and temperature depression of pore hydrate. A series of experiments are performed, validating the phase equilibrium equation and the concept of SHCC. From the SHCC, the phase equilibrium surface can be determined in the space of temperature, pressure, and unhydrated water content. The thermodynamic state of pore hydrate moves on the equilibrium surface when the hydrate forms or dissociates. The projections of the equilibrium surface indicate the dissociation process of pore hydrate caused by thermal stimulation or depressurization. The salt solution changes the equilibrium surface to the direction that requires lower temperature and higher pressure and slows down the dissociation rates of hydrate to temperature and pressure.
Production of ammonia as a low-cost and long-distance antibiotic strategy by Streptomyces species
Authors: Avalos Mariana , Garbeva Paolina , Raaijmakers Jos M , van Wezel Gilles P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Soil-inhabiting streptomycetes are nature’s medicine makers, producing over half of all known antibiotics and many other bioactive natural products. However, these bacteria also produce many volatiles, molecules that disperse through the soil matrix and may impact other (micro)organisms from a distance. Here, we show that soil- and surface-grown streptomycetes have the ability to kill bacteria over long distances via air-borne antibiosis. Our research shows that streptomycetes do so by producing surprisingly high amounts of the low-cost volatile ammonia, dispersing over long distances to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Glycine is required as precursor to produce ammonia, and inactivation of the glycine cleavage system nullified ammonia biosynthesis and concomitantly air-borne antibiosis. Reduced expression of the porin master regulator OmpR and its cognate kinase EnvZ is used as a resistance strategy by E. coli cells to survive ammonia-mediated antibiosis. Finally, ammonia was shown to enhance the activity of canonical antibiotics, suggesting that streptomycetes adopt a low-cost strategy to sensitize competitors for antibiosis from a distance.
Functional connectivity underlying hedonic response to food in female adolescents with atypical AN: the role of somatosensory and salience networks
Authors: Olivo Gaia , Zhukovsky Christina , Salonen-Ros Helena , Larsson Elna-Marie , Brooks Samantha , Schiöth Helgi B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAtypical anorexia nervosa (AN) usually occurs during adolescence. Patients are often in the normal-weight range at diagnosis; however, they often present with signs of medical complications and severe restraint over eating, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem. We investigated functional circuitry underlying the hedonic response in 28 female adolescent patients diagnosed with atypical AN and 33 healthy controls. Participants were shown images of food with high (HC) or low (LC) caloric content in alternating blocks during functional MRI. The HC > LC contrast was calculated. Based on the previous literature on full-threshold AN, we hypothesized that patients would exhibit increased connectivity in areas involved in sensory processing and bottom-up responses, coupled to increased connectivity from areas related to top-down inhibitory control, compared with controls. Patients showed increased connectivity in pathways related to multimodal somatosensory processing and memory retrieval. The connectivity was on the other hand decreased in patients in salience and attentional networks, and in a wide cerebello-occipital network. Our study was the first investigation of food-related neural response in atypical AN. Our findings support higher somatosensory processing in patients in response to HC food images compared with controls, however HC food was less efficient than LC food in engaging patients’ bottom-up salient responses, and was not associated with connectivity increases in inhibitory control regions. These findings suggest that the psychopathological mechanisms underlying food restriction in atypical AN differ from full-threshold AN. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of eating behavior in atypical AN might help designing specific treatment strategies.
SPARCL1 promotes C2C12 cell differentiation via BMP7-mediated BMP/TGF-β cell signaling pathway
Authors: Wang YuXin , Liu ShuaiYu , Yan YunQin , Li ShuFeng , Tong HuiLi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to regulate tissue development and cell morphology, movement, and differentiation. SPARCL1 is an ECM protein, but its role in mouse cell differentiation has not been widely investigated. The results of western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that SPARCL1 is associated with the repair of muscle damage in mice and that SPARCL1 binds to bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) by regulating BMP/transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cell signaling. This pathway promotes the differentiation of C2C12 cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we also showed that SPARCL1 activates BMP/TGF-β to promote the differentiation of C2C12 cells. BMP7 molecules were found to interact with SPARCL1 by immunoprecipitation analysis. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to verify the effect of BMP7 on C2C12 cell differentiation. Furthermore, SPARCL1 was shown to influence the expression of BMP7 and activity of the BMP/TGF-β signaling pathway. Finally, SPARCL1 activation was accompanied by BMP7 inhibition in C2C12 cells, which confirmed that SPARCL1 affects BMP7 expression and can promote C2C12 cell differentiation through the BMP/TGF-β pathway. The ECM is essential for muscle regeneration and damage repair. This study intends to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of muscle development and provide new treatment ideas for muscle injury diseases.
PITPNA-AS1 abrogates the inhibition of miR-876-5p on WNT5A to facilitate hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Sun Jianmin , Zhang Yubao , Li Bing , Dong Yuandi , Sun Chengming , Zhang Fang , Jin Li , Chen Dongqin , Wang Wansheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLncRNA PITPNA-AS1 was a newly identified lncRNA which has never been studied in cancers. Whether PITPNA-AS1 participated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is obscure. Given the coaction of lncRNAs and miRNAs to carcinogenesis, the purpose of the present research is to inquire how PITPNA-AS1 affects HCC progression. Firstly, PITPNA-AS1 was observed to be heightened in HCC tissues. Then function assays proved that overexpressing or silencing PITPNA-AS1 could manipulate the proliferation and motility of HCC cells. Besides, PITPNA-AS1 was located in the cytoplasm. Among the candidate miRNAs of PITPNA-AS1, miR-876-5p was an obvious target. Moreover, mechanism experiments validated that PITPNA-AS1 modulated WNT5A expression by targeting miR-876-5p. Rescue experiments affirmed that WNT5A silencing rescued the miR-876-5p suppression-induced cellular processes in PITPNA-AS1-silenced Hep3B cells. And in vivo experiments determined that PITPNA-AS1 regulated HCC progression in vivo via miR-876-5p/WNT5A pathway. In conclusion, this work shed lights on the modulatory mechanism of PITPNA-AS1/miR-876-5p/WNT5A axis in HCC, which might be pivotal for exploring effective diagnostic biomarkers and treatment strategies for HCC patients.
RITA requires eIF2α-dependent modulation of mRNA translation for its anti-cancer activity
Authors: Ristau Johannes , van Hoef Vincent , Peuget Sylvain , Zhu Jiawei , Guan Bo-Jhih , Liang Shuo , Hatzoglou Maria , Topisirovic Ivan , Selivanova Galina , Larsson Ola 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTumor protein 53 (p53, encoded by the TP53 gene) is a key tumor suppressor regulating cell fates in response to internal and external stresses. As TP53 is mutated or silenced in a majority of tumors, reactivation of p53 by small molecules represents a promising strategy in cancer therapeutics. One such agent is RITA (reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis), which restores p53 expression in cells with hyperactive HDM2 and induces apoptosis. Yet, mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of RITA are incompletely understood. Here we show that RITA suppresses mRNA translation independently of p53 by inducing eIF2α phosphorylation. Surprisingly, reactivation of p53 following RITA treatment is critically dependent on eIF2α phosphorylation. Moreover, inhibition of eIF2α phosphorylation attenuates pro-apoptotic and anti-neoplastic effects of RITA, while inducing phosphorylation of eIF2α enhances the anticancer activity of RITA. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the translational machinery plays a major role in determining the antineoplastic activity of RITA, and suggest that combining p53 activators and translation modulators may be beneficial.
FTY720 induces non-canonical phosphatidylserine externalization and cell death in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Young Megan M. , Bui Van , Chen Chong , Wang Hong-Gang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFTY720 (fingolimod) is a FDA-approved sphingosine analog that is phosphorylated in vivo to modulate sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) signaling for immunosuppression in patients with refractory multiple sclerosis. FTY720 also exhibits promising anticancer efficacy in several preclinical models. While FTY720-induced cytotoxicity is not due to S1PR signaling, the mechanism remains unclear and is reported to occur through various cell death pathways. Here, we performed a systematic, mechanistic study of FTY720-induced cell death in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We found that FTY720 induced cell death in a panel of genetically diverse AML cell lines that was accompanied by rapid phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Importantly, FTY720-induced PS exposure was not due to any direct effects on plasma membrane integrity and was independent of canonical signaling by regulated cell death pathways known to activate lipid flip-flop, including caspase-dependent apoptosis/pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death. Notably, PS exposure required cellular vacuolization induced by defects in endocytic trafficking and was suppressed by the inhibition of PP2A and shedding of Annexin V-positive subcellular particles. Collectively, our studies reveal a non-canonical pathway underlying PS externalization and cell death in AML to provide mechanistic insight into the antitumor properties of FTY720.
Inhibition of STAT3 in tubular epithelial cells prevents kidney fibrosis and nephropathy in STZ-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Zheng Chao , Huang Lan , Luo Wu , Yu Weihui , Hu Xueting , Guan Xinfu , Cai Yan , Zou Chunpeng , Yin Haimin , Xu Zheng , Liang Guang , Wang Yi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent evidences indicate that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of the crucial signaling pathways in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we investigated the hypothesis that pharmacological blockade of STAT3 limits the progression of DN. Treatment with selective STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201 for 16 weeks significantly attenuated kidney injuries in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice, associated with downregulated expression of TGF-β1, ACE/AT1, and VEGF in diabetic mouse kidneys. Similar results were confirmed using genetic knockdown of STAT3 in mouse kidneys by injections of AAV2 expressing STAT3 shRNA in diabetic mouse. Further, STAT3 localization in kidney tissue was evaluated using immunofluorescent double-staining analysis, which indicated that STAT3 expression was mainly in the tubular epithelial cells. As expected, in renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells, high glucose (HG)-induced overexpression of TGF-β1, ACE/AT1, and VEGF were abrogated by S3I-201 pretreatment, as well as by genetic knockdown of STAT3 using specific siRNA sequence. This study found that renal tubular epithelial cells contributed to STAT3-mediated progression of DN and provided the first evidence that pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 attenuates DN.