bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mentoring and skill development in e-Internships
Authors: Jeske Debora , Linehan Carol 
Published: April 2020

PurposeMany employers experiment with virtual working modes for project-based work. Virtual internships are one such mode that is gaining increasing popularity worldwide, particularly e-internships that require remote working with employers. However, little is known about the extent to which e-internships present learning opportunities to such e-interns.Design/methodology/approachThe current study examined mentoring experiences among a cross-sectional sample of 158 e-interns working for different companies. Data were collected using an online survey in two data collection rounds.FindingsThe length of the e-internships did not increase mentoring satisfaction, but the likelihood of e-interns having a mentor was higher the longer the e-internships. Mentoring was offered irrespective of working hours per week. Mentoring increased reported skill development, particularly in relation to their communication skills and their ability to think strategically about problems. In addition, mentored e-interns were more likely to have opportunities to cooperate with and help others. They likewise had opportunities to share information, knowledge and experiences.Research limitations/implicationsThe study recruited interns from various countries. Potentially relevant cultural differences were not explored as part of this study.Practical implicationsThe results demonstrate that the benefits of mentoring observed in relation to traditional internships can be fostered in e-internships. E-internships represent an opportunity for managers and employees, regardless of company size, to become mentors. E-internships thus represent another work-integrated as well as work-applied learning and skill development opportunity that creates additional options for many interns and organisations alike.Originality/valueThe evidence suggests that mentoring is becoming a regularly available feature for virtual and temporary workers such as e-interns, many of which are hired for short-term projects. As remote working has become a standard practice, e-internships are on the rise – and worthy of further study in order to promote best practices.
What if Hotelling's Firms Can Mass Customize?
Authors: Yazdani Alireza , Çil Eren B. , Pangburn Michael S. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTMass customization provides a mechanism by which firms can better target a broad scope of consumer preferences and thus, in so doing, potentially increase their profits. We study product‐design and price competition between two mass‐customizing firms that serve consumers with varying tastes and finite reservation prices. Mass customization has recently received notable attention in both industry and academia, but yet there have been few studies concerning its impact in competitive settings. We contribute to this sparse literature by analyzing a two‐stage non‐cooperative game between two firms serving a Hotelling linear city. By comparing symmetric equilibrium results in settings with and without mass customization, we find that customization changes the nature of competition. More specifically, we show that with customization, a symmetric equilibrium emerges only if the firms' customization cost lies below a threshold, however, the magnitude of that cost does not influence product design decisions in equilibrium. We find that the equilibrium with customizing firms will not sustain cost levels above that threshold. Furthermore, we show that mass customizers earn higher equilibrium profits when consumers' fit sensitivity either significantly or only slightly exceeds the product valuation. On the contrary, traditional firms are better off when facing moderate fit sensitivity. We also establish that competition with mass customization may lead to lower profits and consumer surplus.
Non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists: Prospects for renoprotection in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Al Dhaybi Omar , Bakris George L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of kidney failure in the world and the combination of DKD and diabetes mellitus contributes to an additive incidence of worsening cardiovascular mortality rates. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) remain the mainstay of therapy and have reduced kidney function decline in DKD from 8 to 10 to ~4 mL/min/y. Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, in the presence of ACE inhibitors or ARB agents, further slowdown DKD progression by an additional 58% to 1.8 mL/min/y. Moreover, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce heart failure risk. However, the normal rate of kidney function decline in humans is between 0.7 and 0.9 mL/min/y, hence, there is still room for improvement. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) already have a track record of benefit in heart failure risk reduction, and efficacy in reducing albuminuria and treating resistant hypertension; however hyperkalaemia and other adverse effects preclude their routine use in DKD. Novel non‐steroidal MRAs offer a reduced risk of hyperkalaemia, and yet have many benefits that they share with their steroidal cousins. This paper reviews the data for both steroidal and non‐steroidal MRAs in DKD and presents some data from soon‐to‐be‐completed ongoing renal and cardiovascular outcome trials in DKD.
Identification of a Novel Mycobacterial Histone H1 Homologue (HupB) as an Antigenic Target of pANCA Monoclonal Antibody and Serum Immunoglobulin A from Patients with Crohn's Disease
Authors: Cohavy Offer , Harth Gunter , Horwitz Marcus , Eggena Mark , Landers Carol , Sutton Christopher , Targan Stephan R. , Braun Jonathan 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTpANCA is a marker antibody associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including most patients with ulcerative colitis and a subset with Crohn's disease. This study addressed the hypothesis that pANCA reacts with an antigen(s) of microbial agents potentially relevant to IBD pathogenesis. Using a pANCA monoclonal antibody, we have previously identified the C-terminal basic random-coil domain of histone H1 as a pANCA autoantigen. BLAST analysis of the peptide databases revealed H1 epitope homologues in open reading frames of theMycobacterium tuberculosisgenome. Western analysis of extracts from six mycobacterial species directly demonstrated reactivity to a single, conserved ∼32-kDa protein. Direct protein sequencing, followed by gene cloning, revealed a novel 214-amino-acid protein, an iron-regulated protein recently termed HupB. Sequence analysis demonstrated its homology with the mammalian histone H1 gene family, and recombinant protein expression confirmed its reactivity with the 5-3 pANCA monoclonal antibody. Binding activity of patient serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) to HupB did not correlate with reactivity to histone H1 or pANCA, indicating the complex character of the pANCA antigen. However, anti-HupB IgA was strongly associated with Crohn's disease (P< 0.001). These findings indicate that the 5-3 pANCA monoclonal antibody detects a structural domain recurrent among mycobacteria and cross-reactive with a DNA-binding domain of histone H1. The association of HupB-binding serum IgA with IBD provides new evidence for the association of a mycobacterial species with Crohn's disease.
Influence of Environmental Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Formation by
Streptococcus gordonii
Authors: Barnard John P. , Stinson Murray W. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Hydrogen peroxide generated by viridans group streptococci has an antagonistic effect on many bacterial species, including a number of pathogens, in the oral environment. This study examines the influence of a variety of environmental conditions on rates of hydrogen peroxide synthesis by
Streptococcus gordonii
. Hydrogen peroxide was synthesized at every concentration of glucose and sucrose tested from 10 μM to 1 M, with the highest rates occurring at 0.1 mM sucrose and 1 mM glucose.
S. gordonii
appeared to have an intracellular store of polysaccharide which supported hydrogen peroxide formation even when the assay buffer contained no carbohydrate. Most heavy metal ions inhibited peroxidogenesis, and anaerobic conditions induced adaptive down-regulation of hydrogen peroxide synthesis; however, peroxidogenesis was generally insensitive to moderate increases in salt concentration, alteration of the mineral content of the assay solution, and changes in pH between 5.0 and 7.5. In contrast, stimulation of peroxidogenesis occurred in 1 mM Mg
2+
and 10 to 50 mM potassium
l
-lactate. Maximum peroxidogenesis occurred during the mid-logarithmic and late-logarithmic phases of bacterial growth. These bacterial responses may have significant implications for oral ecology and oral health.
Taming of preasymptotic small x evolution within resummation framework
Authors: Deak Michal , Frankfurt Leonid , Staśto Anna M. , Strikman Mark 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is well understood that the leading logarithmic approximation for the amplitudes of high energy processes is insufficient and that the next-to-leading logarithmic effects are very large and lead to instability of the solution. The resummation at low x, which includes kinematical constraints and other corrections leads to stable result. Using previously established resummation procedure we study in detail the preasymptotic effects which occur in the solution to the resummed BFKL equation when the energy is not very large. We find that in addition to the well known reduction of the intercept, which governs the energy dependence of the gluon Green’s function, resummation leads to the delay of the onset of its small x growth. Moreover the gluon Green’s function develops a dip or a plateau in wide range of rapidities, which increases for large scales. The preasymptotic region in the gluon Green’s function extends to about 8 units in rapidity for the transverse scales of the order of 30–100 GeV. To visualize the expected behavior of physical processes with two equal hard scales we calculate the cross section of the process $$\gamma ^{*}+\gamma ^{*}\rightarrow X$$γ∗+γ∗→X to be probed at future very high-energy electron-positron colliders. We find that at $$\gamma ^*\gamma ^*$$γ∗γ∗ energies below $$100 \; \mathrm{{GeV}}$$100GeV the BFKL Pomeron leads to smaller value of the cross section than the Born approximation, and only starts to dominate at energies about $$100 \; \mathrm{{GeV}}$$100GeV. This pattern is significantly different from the one which we find using LLx approximation. We also analyze the transverse momentum contributions to the cross section for different virtualities of the photons and find that the dominant contributions to the integral over the transverse momenta comes from lower values than the the external scales in the process under consideration.
A MODERN MODEL OF MASTERS’ IN DENTISTRY PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Authors: Kulbashna Ya. A. , Malanchuk V. O. , Nahirnyj Ya. P. , Skrypnyk I. L. , Zakharova V. O. 
Published: April 2020

The article reveals that the system of masters’ in dentistry professional training in Ukraine does not sufficiently meet the international requirements and education levels regulated by the National Qualifications Framework. At the same time, the updated field standard of higher education in the specialty “Dentistry” (2019) contains a number of contradictory conditions, in particular: the availability of educational-professional training program and educational-scientific (optional for universities) one with different number of credits (300 and 360 correspondingly). The necessity to implement the levels of junior bachelor (dentist’s assistant) and bachelor (odontologist-hygienist) into the model of masters’ in dentistry professional training process was substantiated. This allows students of higher dental education institutions to start practical activity from the first year of studying, which can encourage them to increase the level of their professional competence and restore the preventive component of dental care to the population of Ukraine. It has been proved the expediency to prolong the period of masters’ in dentistry professional training to 6 years with the last year of practically oriented study to ensure compliance of dental education in Ukraine with the requirements of the World Federation for Medical Education in terms of the amount of academic load and the need to strengthen its practical component.
A modern model of masters’ in dentisry professional training has been developed in accordance with the National Qualifications Framework and the requirements of the World Federation of Medical Education.
Assessment of platelet indices and platelet activation markers in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Authors: Asare Renate , Opoku-Okrah Clement , Danquah Kwabena Owusu , Opare-Sem Ohene , Addai-Mensah Otchere , Gyamfi Daniel , Amponsah Francis Agyei , Afriyie Edward Y. , Duneeh Richard Vikpebah , Ofosu David Ntiamoah , Frimpong Michael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains one of the world’s major infectious diseases that cause most morbidity and mortality, particularly in children. In Ghana, most children below the ages of 5 years depending on the severity of the infection often lose their lives. However, it is still debatable why infection with falciparum malaria contributes to thrombocytopenia.

Methods
This study sought to investigate the expression of the various platelet indices and activation markers in children with falciparum malaria. Platelet indices (Platelet count [PLT], Plateletcrite [PCT], Mean Platelet Volume [MPV], Platelet Distribution Width [PDW] and Platelet-Large Cell Ratio [P-LCR]) and platelet surface membrane glycoproteins (GPIIb/IIIa [PAC-1], P-selectin [CD62p] and GPIV [CD36]) expressions were determined in children with falciparum malaria (cases) and healthy children (controls) using automated blood cell analysis and flow cytometry techniques, respectively.

Results
Except for P-LCR, all the other platelet indices (PLT, MPV, PDW, and PCT) were significantly lower in the cases than the controls (P < 0.05). Also, it was observed that the level of expression of the activation markers; PAC 1 and CD62p showed a significant (P < 0.05) decreased before and after activation in falciparum malaria cases than in the controls. On the contrary, CD36 expression in the controls did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from the malaria cases. Platelet activation markers were known to be associated with increased risk of falciparum malaria with the mean fluorescence intensity of PAC1 (Odds Ratio [OR] 34.0, Relative Risk [RR] 4.47, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 4.904–235.7; p < 0.0001) and CD36 (OR 4.2, RR 1.82, 95% CI 0.9824–17.96; p = 0.04). Moreover, the percentage expression of CD62p (OR 4.0, RR 1.80, 95% CI 0.59–27.24; p = 0.19) was also observed to be probably associated with increased risk of falciparum malaria although not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been known to be associated with platelet activation markers, which probably contributes to thrombocytopenia.
Traumatic childhood events of parents enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Ellis Genette , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Northstone Kate , Golding Jean 
Published: April 2020

Background: Early life experiences can have a significant impact on an individual’s later behaviour, the way they view the world, their beliefs and their success at forming strong interpersonal relationships. These factors may subsequently influence the way that the individual may parent their children, which in turn may have an effect on their child’s behaviour, mental health and world view. Research has linked early traumatic life experiences in the parent’s childhood to disorganised attachment to their own child. In this paper we describe the data collected from parents enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) on traumatic events experienced during their childhood, so that it can act as a resource for researchers in the future when considering outcomes on the adult, their children and grandchildren. Methods: Data were collected via multiple questionnaires completed by parents enrolled into the ALSPAC study. During pregnancy and post-delivery, questionnaires were administered between 1990 and 1992 via post to the study mothers and their partners. Data were collected on life events including bereavement, sexual abuse, physical abuse, abandonment, neglect, memories of childhood and accidents. Other reports of traumatic events in childhood were reported by parents using free text. This can be made available to researchers for coding on request.
A JUSTA MEDIDA EM OLÍMPICA 13
Authors: Onelley Gloria Braga 
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Com base no princípio de que a narrativa mítica, nos epinícios de Píndaro, constitui um exemplum ora positivo ora negativo para o herói-atleta laureado, propomo-nos, no presente artigo, discutir o topos da justa medida, na tessitura de Olímpica 13, ode consagrada a Xenofonte de Corinto por sua dupla vitória (corrida a pé e pentatlo) alcançada na 79ª. Olimpíada (464 a. C.), por meio da relação de contraste entre o herói mítico e o herói vencedor.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Píndaro; epinício; herói; metron.
Bioaerosol assessment of indoor air in hospital wards from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kotgire Santosh , Akhtar Rabia , Damle Ajit , Siddiqui Sufia , Padekar Hira 
Published: April 2020

Exposure to microorganisms suspended in the air of both occupational and residential indoor environments is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects with major public health impacts. The quality of indoor air is one of the most significant factors affecting the health and well being of people. So the present study was conducted to assess bacteriological and fungal concentration of the indoor air of a teaching tertiary care institute hospital. The present study was carried for a period of three months from June 2018 to August 2018. Air sampling was performed with passive air sampling (settle plate’s methods) according to the 1/1/1 scheme (a Petri dish with a diameter of 9 cm was placed for 1 hour, 1 meter above the floor, and about 1 meter away from the walls). Each ward Petri dishes was exposed for 60 min in the morning and afternoon. Bacteria and fungi was collected on nutrient Agar, Blood Agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar(SDA). To obtain the appropriate surface density for counting and to determine the load with respect to time of exposure, the sampling times were set at 60 min in the morning (at 10.00-11.00 AM) and afternoon (2:00-3.00 PM). Both quantitative and qualitative analyses was conducted. The results indicate that the bacterial CFU/m air has been recorded in the range of 65.52 CFU/ m to 1179 CFU/ m at 60 min exposure. The results indicate that the fungal CFU/m air has been recorded in the range no growth to 262 CFU/ m at 60 min exposure. Gram Positive Bacteria were isolated more than Gram Negative Bacteria with predominance of . Whereas, the fungal isolates includes dominance of Candida spp followed by Aspergillus spp. This study revealed that hospital buildings were being ventilated by the aid of natural ventilation system which may increase the possibility of entrance of pollutants from unhygienic external environment. Modern built environment can be a potential source of bioaerosols. Bio-aerosol monitoring in hospitals can be used for tracking of nosocomial infections, identify the source and spread of airborne microorganisms to control hospital associated infections (HAI).
Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Using 4-Nitroanilline by Oxidative Coupling Reaction
Authors: Et al. Al-rashidy 
Published: April 2020

A simple, rapid spectrophotometric method has been established for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) in its pure form and in a tablet formulations. The suggested method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction with4-nitroainlline using KIO3 in acidic solution to produce a violet colored product with maximum absorption at λ=526 nm.The analytical data obtained throughout this study could be summarid as follows: 1ml of 1M HCl (pH=2.2), 1 ml of 4-nitroanilline (1x10-2M), and 1.5ml of (1x10-2)KIO3 per 25 ml reaction medium. The order of additions, coupling reaction time, and temperature in addition to the type of solvent were studied.
The Beer′s law is obeyed over the concentration range of(5–40) µg ml-1, but the detection limit and quantification limit are 0.34 besides 1.03 µg ml-1 respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) for the calibration graph was found to be 0.9980, molar absorptivity of 10. 25 × 103 L.mol -1.cm-1, and Sandell′s sensitivity index of 0.03467 µg.cm-2. The precision and accuracy of the method were tested by calculating the percentage of relative standard deviation (RSD%) (<1.831%) and the average recovery percent (99.22%) average error percent Erel%(0.558).
Direct and standard addition procedures were applied to both standards and specimens of pharmaceutical and the results indicate that the suggested method was successfully applied for the determination of CPZ.
Drosophila Hox genes induce melanised pseudo-tumours when misexpressed in hemocytes
Authors: Ponratnam Titus , Saini Ravina , Mishra Rakesh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Hox genes are key early determinants of cell identity along the anterior-posterior body axis across bilaterians. Recently, several late non-homeotic functions of Hox genes have emerged in a variety of processes involved in organogenesis in several organisms, including mammals. Being crucial factors in determining cell identity and organogenesis, the misregulation of Hox genes is likely to be associated with defects in these processes. Several studies have reported the misexpression of Hox genes in a variety of malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia. Methods: The Hox genes Dfd, Ubx, abd-A and Abd-B were overexpressed via the UAS-Gal4 system using Cg-Gal4, Lsp2-Gal4, He-Gal4 and HmlD3-Gal4 as specific drivers. Genetic interaction was tested by bringing overexpression lines in heterozygous mutant backgrounds of Polycomb and trithorax group factors. Larvae were visually scored for melanised bodies. Hemocytes were quantified by dissecting larvae for lymph in 4mm wells and staining nuclei with DAPI and tested for differentiation by staining them with anti-myospheroid and for proliferation with anti-PH3. Pupal lethality was carried out by letting pupae eclose and scoring those that failed after the time point. Results: Expression of Dfd, Ubx and abd-A, but not Abd-B in the hematopoietic compartment of Drosophila led to the appearance of circulating melanised bodies, and increase in cell numbers, cell-autonomous proliferation and differentiation of hemocytes. Pupal lethality and the melanised pseudo-tumor phenotype were suppressed by the mutations in Psc1 and esc2 background while polycomb group member mutations Pc1 and Su(z)123 and trithorax group member mutation TrlR85 increased the phenotype.Conclusions: Dfd, Ubx and abd-A are leukemogenic. Mutations in Polycomb and trithorax group members, which are responsible for maintaining the expression state of the Hox genes, modulate the leukemogenic phynotype. Drosophila, widely used as a model for myeloid leukemias, can serve as a testbed for Hox expression induced leukemias.