bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-entrapment modification of residual inclusion pressure and its implications for Raman elastic thermobarometry
Authors: Zhong Xin , Moulas Evangelos , Tajčmanová Lucie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Residual pressure can be preserved in mineral inclusions, e.g.
quartz-in-garnet, after exhumation due to differential expansion between
inclusion and host crystals. Raman spectroscopy has been applied to infer
the residual pressure and provides information on the entrapment temperature
and pressure conditions. However, the amount of residual pressure relaxation
cannot be directly measured. An underestimation or overestimation of residual
pressure may lead to significant errors between calculated and actual
entrapment pressure. This study focuses on three mechanisms responsible for
the residual pressure modification: (1) viscous creep; (2) plastic yield; (3) proximity of inclusion to the thin-section surface. Criteria are provided to
quantify how much of the expected residual pressure is modified due to these
three mechanisms. An analytical solution is introduced to demonstrate the
effect of inclusion depth on the residual pressure field when the inclusion
is close to the thin-section surface. It is shown that for a quartz-in-garnet
system, the distance between the thin-section surface and inclusion centre needs
to be at least 3 times the inclusion radius to avoid pressure release.
In terms of viscous creep, representative case studies on a quartz-in-garnet
system show that viscous relaxation may occur from temperatures as low as
600–700 ∘C depending on the particular
pressure–temperature (P–T) path and various garnet compositions. For quartz
entrapped along the prograde P–T path and subject to viscous relaxation at
peak T above 600–700 ∘C, its residual pressure after
exhumation may be higher than predicted from its true entrapment conditions.
Moreover, such a viscous resetting effect may introduce apparent
overstepping of garnet nucleation that is not related to reaction affinity.
Fenugreek seed poultice versus cold cabbage leaves compresses for relieving breast engorgement: An interventional comparative study
Authors: Hassan Hanan Elzeblawy , Sheha Eman Ali Abd El Moaty , Hassanine Sharbat Thabet , Gamel Wafaa Mostafa Ahmed 
Published: February 2020

Background: Breast engorgement is an uncomfortable and painful condition affecting a large slid of mothers in their early postpartum period. Several approaches have been explored for pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions applied to the treatment of breast engorgement. Some of the non-medical interventions include Fenugreek seed poultice and cold cabbage leaves compresses. Aim: Study the impact of nursing intervention on relieves of breast engorgement among puerperal breastfeeding women and compare Fenugreek seed poultice versus could cabbage leaves compresses as two different nursing care approaches of on relieving of breast-engorgement.Methods: Setting: Postnatal unit and outpatient clinic of Beni-Suef and El-Fayoum University Hospital. Design: A quasi-experimental comparative study. Subjects: A purposive sample of a total of 100 puerperal mothers; 50 in the Fenugreek group \& 50 in the cold Cabbage group. Tools: A specialized designed structured interview schedule and Breast Engorgement Assessment Scale (Numerical rating scale, Modified Reeda Scale, Six-points engorgement scale, Fever Chart, and LATCH breastfeeding charting scale).Results: A significant improvement of breast condition after intervention for both groups regardless of the applied measure was found; however, the improvement was better and shorter time among Fenugreek group than Cabbage group (p < .05). Conclusions: For the management of breast engorgement, both Fenugreek seed poultice and cold Cabbage leaves were effective. However, Fenugreek seed was more highly effective where breast engorgement was alleviated in a shorter time than cold Cabbage leaves. Recommendations: Further randomized controlled trials with possible placebo treatment should be carried out to elucidate the non-specific effects of Fenugreek seed poultice and cold Cabbage leaves application.
Minimum 5-Year Outcomes of Robotic-assisted Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty With a Nested Comparison Against Manual Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score–Matched Study
Authors: Domb Benjamin G. , Chen Jeffrey W. , Lall Ajay C. , Perets Itay , Maldonado David R. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Robotic-assisted technology has been a reliable tool in enhancing precision and accuracy of cup placement in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Still, questions remain on the clinical benefit of this technology.

Methods:
The purposes of the ongoing study were (1) to report on minimum 5-year outcomes in patients who underwent robotic-assisted primary THA (rTHA), (2) to compare those outcomes to a propensity score–matched manual primary THA (mTHA) control group, and (3) to compare radiographic measures between the groups regarding acetabular cup placement. Prospectively collected patient data were retrospectively reviewed for primary THA recipients during June 2008 to July 2013. Patients with minimum 5-year follow-up for Harris Hip Score, Forgotten Joint Score-12, Veterans RAND-12 Mental, Veterans RAND-12 Physical, 12-Item Short Form Survey Mental, 12-Item Short Form Survey Physical, visual analog scale, and satisfaction were included. Patient-reported outcomes, cup placement, and revision rate of the rTHA group were compared with those of a propensity score–matched mTHA control group.

Results:
Sixty-six rTHAs were matched to 66 mTHAs. The rTHA group reported significantly higher Harris Hip Score, Forgotten Joint Score-12, Veterans RAND-12 Physical, and 12-Item Short Form Survey Physical (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, P = 0.002, P = 0.001). The acetabular implant placement by rTHA had a 9 and 4.7-fold reduced risk of placement outside the Lewinnek and Callanan safe zones, respectively (relative risk, 0.11 [95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.46]; P = 0.002; relative risk, 0.21 [95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.47]; P = 0.001). In addition, rTHA recipients had lesser absolute values of leg length discrepancy and global offset (P = 0.091, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients who received rTHA reported favorable outcomes at minimum 5-year follow-up. Furthermore, in comparison to a propensity score pair–matched mTHA group, rTHAs reported higher patient-reported outcome scores and had 89% reduced risk of acetabular implant placement beyond the Lewinnek safe zone and 79% reduced risk of placement beyond the Callanan safe zone.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Perceptions of the Educational and Institutional Impact of the Orthopaedic Fellowship Interview Process
Authors: Taylor Adam J. , Sobel Andrew D. , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction:
The time spent applying and interviewing for an orthopaedic fellowship has notable financial, educational, and workflow consequences on both residents and their respective residency programs. The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions regarding the fellowship interview process to suggest changes that could be implemented.

Methods:
Mixed-response questionnaires were sent to orthopaedic surgery residency program directors (PDs) and PGY-4 to PGY-6 residents at the 164 accredited allopathic orthopaedic surgery residency programs in the United States (August 2017).

Results:
Significantly more PDs believed that time away for fellowship interviews negatively affected resident education compared with residents (68% versus 25%, 48 of 65 versus 28 of 113; P < 0.001). About half of all PDs and residents noted a specific amount of time granted for interviews (range, 3 to 20 days). Seventy-one percent of residents included in this study would favor regionally coordinated interview dates.

Conclusions:
Orthopaedic surgery residents and PDs perceive differences in the impact of the fellowship interview process on resident education and means for improvement of the process. Two-tiered or regionally coordinated interviews are favored as changes that could be implemented.
Proses produksi triasetin dari gliserol dengan katalis asam sulfat
Authors: Widayat W , Satriado Hantoro , Abdullah A , Handono Ika Windrianto K. 
Published: February 2020

Triacetin production process from glycerol using sulfuric acid as catalyst.Glycerol can be produced from biodiesel production process with transesterification reaction. Glycerol of this reaction, not fully utilized as raw materials or as chemial products. Triacetate is a product of the esterification reaction of glycerol with acetic acid. Triacetate can be used for food and non-food. The objective of this study was to study the effect of temperature and the ratio of reactants on glycerol conversion on triacetate production process. The experiments were carried in batch process and total volume of glycerol and acetic acid 600 mL, stirring speed of 100 rpm and catalyst of sulphuric acid was 5 %-w glycerol based. The results of the qualitative analysis by means of FTIR confirmed there is Triacetate as product. Increasing of ratio molar of glycerol to acetic acid increased of glycerol conversion. The similar result obtained for temperature. The glycerol conversion was 67.6% and selectivity of triacetate 25%, where obtained using the reaction condition: mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid 1:7, temperature 120 oC and 50 minutes.Keywords: glycerol, acetate acid, esterification, triacetin, glycerol conversion AbstrakGliserol dapat dihasilkan dari proses produksi biodiesel dari proses transesterifikasi. Gliserol dari proses ini, belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal sebagai bahan baku maupun sebagai produk jadi. Triasetin atau gliserol triasetin merupakan produk reaksi esterifikasi gliserol dengan asam asetat. Kegunaan triasetin cukup banyak baik untuk keperluan bahan pangan maupun non pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh temperatur dan perbandingan reaktan terhadap konversi gliserol dalam proses produksi triasetin. Percobaan dilakukan dengan proses curah, dimana volume total gliserol dan asam asetat sebesar 600 mL, kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm dan katalis asam sulfat adalah 5 %-b gliserol. Hasil analisis kualitatif dengan alat FTIR menunjukkan adanya produk triasetin, dimana kesesuaian dengan bahan standar triasetin cukup tinggi. Peningkatan perbandingan gliserol dengan asam asetat akan meningkatkan konversi gliserol. Demikian juga dengan peningkatan temperatur juga akan meningkatkan konversi gliserol. Hasil yang terbaik diperoleh pada perbandingan mol pereaksi gliserol dan asam asetat 1:7 temperatur 120 oC, waktu 50 menit dengan nilai konversi sebesar 67,6% dan selektivitas sebesar 25%. Kata kunci: gliserol, asam asetat, esterifikasi, triasetin, konversi gliserol
Ground Forest Inventory and Assessment of Carbon Stocks in Sierra Leone, West Africa
Authors: Brima Mattia Stephen , Sesay Sampha 
Published: February 2020

Forest and woodland are renewable natural resources providing basic human necessities. They have the ability to sequester carbon and mitigate climate change. Sustainable forest management is guided by forest mensuration and inventory which include measuring and calculating growth and changes in trees and forests. The objective of the study was to estimate timber resources and carbon stock using simple hand tools in Kasewe and Singamba forests in the southern part of Sierra Leone. All trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were measured in every plot for DBH, and three trees were measured for height. The correlation between mean wood volume and carbon stock was highly significant. For Kasewe plantation forest, mean wood volume and carbon stock were 151 m3 ha−1 and 44 t C ha−1, respectively, and for the Singamba natural forest, they were 181 m3 ha−1 and 82 t C ha−1, respectively. The linear correlation between basal area and volume, DBH and volume and basal area and total biomass was significant for the plantation species tested. Realistic national forest inventory and community forestry are inevitable for sustainable forest management in Sierra Leone.
Taxonomic clarifications concerning the crocodyliform genus Isisfordia
Authors: Hart Lachlan J. 
Published: February 2020

Background
In a recent paper, a new species of the crocodyliform genus Isisfordia was erected based on, in part, a specimen previously designated as the holotype of ‘Crocodylus (Bottosaurus)’ selaslophensis. This new species was given the name Isisfordia molnari. However, because the holotype of ‘Crocodylus (Bottosaurus)’ selaslophensis displays a unique combination of characters and does not overlap with the holotype of I. molnari, both names remain valid according to ICZN regulations.

Results
The present work instates Isisfordia selaslophensis comb. nov., recognising the seniority of the original specific epithet given to the specimen. The specimen is also reaffirmed as the holotype of the species. Isisfordia molnari is rediagnosed based on non-overlapping material but is potentially referable to Isisfordia selaslophensis. All other analyses, descriptions, diagnoses and conclusions stated by the original study remain valid.
Monitoring the training dose and acute fatigue response during elbow flexor resistance training using a custom-made resistance band
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Xu Hongbin , Liang Juke , Jeong Jongyeob , Xu Taojin 
Published: February 2020

Background
Home-based resistance training offers an alternative to traditional, hospital-based or rehabilitation center-based resistance training and has attracted much attention recently. However, without the supervision of a therapist or the assistance of an exercise monitoring system, one of the biggest challenges of home-based resistance training is that the therapist may not know if the patient has performed the exercise as prescribed. A lack of objective measurements limits the ability of researchers to evaluate the outcome of exercise interventions and choose suitable training doses.

Objective
To create an automated and objective method for segmenting resistance force data into contraction phase-specific segments and calculate the repetition number and time-under-tension (TUT) during elbow flexor resistance training. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the segmentation algorithm and to show the capability of the system in monitoring the compliance of patients to a prescribed training program in a practical resistance training setting.

Methods
Six subjects (three male and three female) volunteered to participate in a fatigue and recovery experiment (5 min intermittent submaximal contraction (ISC); 1 min rest; 2 min ISC). A custom-made resistance band was used to help subjects perform biceps curl resistance exercises and the resistance was recorded through a load cell. The maximum and minimum values of the force-derivative were obtained as distinguishing features and a segmentation algorithm was proposed to divide the biceps curl cycle into concentric, eccentric and isometric contraction, and rest phases. Two assessors, who were unfamiliar with the study, were recruited to manually pick the visually observed cut-off point between two contraction phases and the TUT was calculated and compared to evaluate performance of the segmentation algorithm.

Results
The segmentation algorithm was programmatically implemented and the repetition number and contraction-phase specific TUT were calculated. During isometric, the average TUT (3.75 ± 0.62 s) was longer than the prescribed 3 s, indicating that most subjects did not perform the exercise as prescribed. There was a good TUT agreement and contraction segment agreement between the proposed algorithm and the assessors.

Conclusion
The good agreement in TUT between the proposed algorithm and the assessors indicates that the proposed algorithm can correctly segment the contraction into contraction phase-specific parts, thereby providing clinicians and researchers with an automated and objective method for quantifying home-based elbow flexor resistance training. The instrument is easy to use and cheap, and the segmentation algorithm is programmatically implemented, indicating good application prospect of the method in a practical setting.
Sorption of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ from Aqueous Solution Using a Blended Membrane of Immobilized Karkashi (Sesame Leaves) and Sodium Alginate
Authors: Maradona Ibrahim , Kanus J. H. , Stephen M. Suleman 
Published: February 2020

Sorption techniques are widely used to remove heavy metal ions from large volume of aqueous solutions, this plays a vital role in controlling environmental pollution. Herein, the sorption of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ with blended membrane of sodium alginate (Na-Alg) and immobilized karkashi leaves (IKAL) from aqueous solution was investigated at optimum conditions for effectiveness. Sorption capacities of the membrane for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ were found to be 86.80, 40.60 and 39.55% respectively. The sorption behavior with respect to initial pH, ionic strength, temperature, contact time and initial metal ion concentration was investigated for optimum sorption conditions. Maximum sorption was found to occur at pH 3.0 for all the metal ions studied. Results showed that metallic ion uptake by the blended membrane declined with increase in ionic strength. This trend was also observed at an increased temperature of 50ºC for Pb2+, Cu2+ and 40ºC for Zn2+. Increase in initial metal ion concentration led to increase in metal ion uptake.
At the end of the chemical remediation, the blended membrane was found to be effective to some extent, with the reaction being exothermic.
Stretchable Composite Acoustic Transducer for Wearable Monitoring of Vital Signs
Authors: Cotur Yasin , Kasimatis Michael , Kaisti Matti , Olenik Selin , Georgiou Charis , Güder Firat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA highly flexible, stretchable, and mechanically robust low‐cost soft composite consisting of silicone polymers and water (or hydrogels) is reported. When combined with conventional acoustic transducers, the materials reported enable high performance real‐time monitoring of heart and respiratory patterns over layers of clothing (or furry skin of animals) without the need for direct contact with the skin. The approach enables an entirely new method of fabrication that involves encapsulation of water and hydrogels with silicones and exploits the ability of sound waves to travel through the body. The system proposed outperforms commercial, metal‐based stethoscopes for the auscultation of the heart when worn over clothing and is less susceptible to motion artefacts. The system both with human and furry animal subjects (i.e., dogs), primarily focusing on monitoring the heart, is tested; however, initial results on monitoring breathing are also presented. This work is especially important because it is the first demonstration of a stretchable sensor that is suitable for use with furry animals and does not require shaving of the animal for data acquisition.
Synergistic Lubricating Behaviors of 3D Graphene and 2D Hexagonal Boron Nitride Dispersed in PAO4 for Steel/Steel Contact
Authors: Qi Shunshun , Geng Zhongrong , Lu Zhibin , Zhang Guangan , Wu Zhiguo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNanomaterials as oil‐based lubricant additives improve the tribological properties of oils, and its enormous potential in oil‐based applications has attracted increasing attention. However, 2D materials have limited applications in industry due to its high price. 3D graphene (3D Gr) has become a substitute of 2D graphene because of its low price. Hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is known as white graphene and is a material with potential lubrication applications. In this paper, the combination of the two different dimensions materials not only plays a significant role in reducing environmental pollution, but also exerts excellent properties of both materials. The results show that the mixed‐dimensional nanomaterials have good macroscopic lubricity under oil.
Directly Spin Coating a Low‐Viscosity Organic Semiconductor Solution onto Hydrophobic Surfaces: Toward High‐Performance Solution‐Processable Organic Transistors
Authors: Wang Shuya , Zhao Xiaoli , Tong Yanhong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolution‐processable organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their low cost, low‐temperature preparation, and compatibility with flexible substrates. Spin‐coating is the simplest and most common method for manufacturing large‐area OTFTs; it can be challenging, however, to spin‐coat high‐quality, uniform organic semiconductor films onto hydrophobic surfaces. The use of such surfaces is vital for improving device performance. In this work, through theoretical calculation of the spreading parameter and wetting envelope, the wetting behavior of organic semiconductor solutions on hydrophobic dielectrics is quantitatively analyzed. Based on the theoretical findings, organic‐semiconductor‐solution surface tension is systematically adjusted to solve the common wettability issues. The crystallinity of the wettable organic semiconductor film is also significantly improved by a post‐annealing performed at even lower temperature. As a result, fabricated 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)‐pentacene OTFTs show excellent electrical characteristics, with mobility and current on/off ratios up to 1.66 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 7 × 109, respectively. This work provides general guidance for solving wettability issues, that can lead to the development of new‐generation, high‐performance, solution‐processable, organic electronic devices.
Essential updates 2018/2019: Liver transplantation
Authors: Ohira Masahiro , Tanimine Naoki , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmong the recent topics in the field of liver transplantation (LT), one of the significant therapeutic breakthroughs is the introduction of direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. With cure rates close to 100%, a better proportion of LT candidates and recipients can be cured of HCV infection by DAA therapies that are simple and well‐tolerated. Other critical topics include the issue of indication of LT for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, which has been continuously studied. Several expanded criteria beyond the Milan criteria with acceptable results have been recently reported. The role of donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) in intractable rejection is also an important matter that has been studied. Although long recognized as an important factor in antibody‐mediated rejection and even graft survival in renal transplantation, the impact of DSAs on graft and patient survival in LT remains to be elucidated. Including the issues described above, this article focuses on recent advances in LT, management to avoid recurrence of primary diseases, optimization of immunosuppressive treatment, and extended donor criteria.