bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voice Component Relationships with High Reflux Symptom Index Scores in Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Authors: Dabirmoghaddam Payman , Rahmaty Benyamin , Erfanian Reza , Taherkhani Safa , Hosseinifar Shamim , Satariyan Adnan 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo analyze the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and the Voice‐Related Quality of Life (V‐RQOL) scores based on the perceptual and analytical parameters in primary MTD patients with no reflux.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsOne hundred and eighteen participants, that is, sixty patients with normal voices and fifty‐eight patients with primary MTD were recruited in this study. The diagnosis of primary MTD was made by perceptual voice analysis, neck palpation, video‐laryngoscopic examination, and exclusion of other etiologies. Acoustic analysis and the GRBAS (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain) scale were evaluated for all participants. The V‐RQOL and RSI questionnaires were then given to all participants.ResultsThis study included 118 participants of 29 males (48.3%) and 31 females (51.7%) in the normal group. MTD group also included 27 males (46.6%) and 31 (53.4%) female patients. Mean (SD) RSI and V‐RQOL scores were 12.35 (3.84) and 11.09 (2.20) for the normal group, and 22.87 (6.97) and 22.89 (7.94) for the MTD group (P = .000). In the MTD group, V‐RQOL had a positive correlation with jitter for /i/ and /u/, Noise to Harmonic Ratio (NHR) for /i/, /a/, and /u/, and Grade, Roughness, and Strain of GRBAS scale (P < .05). In addition, RSI had a positive correlation with Strain in the MTD group (P < .05).ConclusionMTD patients in the absence of laryngopharyngeal reflux findings may have high RSI scores. Hence, patients with high RSI scores and disproportionate acoustic and perceptual analysis would require a thorough evaluation of MTD.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1573–E1579, 2021
Special fonts: The competing roles of difficulty and uniqueness in consumer inference
Authors: Wu Ruomeng , Han Xiaoqi , Kardes Frank R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe use of special fonts in marketing communications may have more complex effects than expected. This study examines multiple effects of special fonts and proposes boundary conditions for the effects. Special fonts are perceived as more unique and difficult to read than regular fonts. Five experimental studies show that whereas the perception of uniqueness decreases the awareness of missing information, leading to more favorable initial judgments but a higher likelihood of regret later, the perception of difficulty has the opposite effects. These competing effects are moderated by contextual cues that vary the salience of uniqueness versus difficulty associated with special fonts. Specifically, consumers are more influenced by the uniqueness of special fonts when they rate the degree of uniqueness before the degree of difficulty or when they evaluate a product category (e.g., a handmade item or a décor) that is generally expected to be unique. On the contrary, they are more influenced by difficulty when they rate difficulty first or when they evaluate a product category (e.g., “a tax preparation service”) that is unexpected to be unique. Implications of the results for understanding the effects of fonts on information processing and consumer inference are discussed.
The Vasomotor Response to Dopamine Is Altered in the Rat Model of l‐dopa‐Induced Dyskinesia
Authors: Booth Samuel , Ramadan Abdullah , Zhang Dali , Lu Lingling , Kirouac Gilbert , Jackson Michael F. , Anderson Chris , Ko Ji Hyun 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundLevodopa (l‐dopa) is the frontline treatment for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, prolonged use of l‐dopa results in a motor complication known as levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID) in ~50% of patients over 5 years.ObjectivesWe investigated neurovascular abnormalities in a rat model of LID by examining changes in angiogenesis and dopamine‐dependent vessel diameter changes.MethodsDifferences in striatal and nigral angiogenesis in a parkinsonian rat model (6‐OHDA lesion) treated with 2 doses of l‐dopa (saline, 2, and 10 mg/kg/day subcutaneous l‐dopa treatment for 22 days) by 5‐bromo‐2'‐deoxyuridine (BrdU)‐RECA1 co‐immunofluorescence. Difference in the vasomotor response to dopamine was examined with 2‐photon laser scanning microscopy and Dodt gradient imaging.ResultsWe found that the 10 mg/kg l‐dopa dosing regimen induced LID in all animals (n = 5) and induced significant angiogenesis in the striatum and substantia nigra. In contrast, the 2 mg/kg treatment induced LID in 6 out of 12 rats and led to linearly increasing LID severity over the 22‐day treatment period, making this a promising model for studying LID progression longitudinally. However, no significantly different level of angiogenesis was observed between LID versus non‐LID animals. Dopamine‐induced vasodilatory responses were exaggerated only in rats that show LID‐like signs compared to the rest of groups. Additionally, in juvenile rats, we showed that DA‐induced vasodilation is preceded by increased Ca2+ release in the adjacent astrocytes.ConclusionThis finding supports that astrocytic dopamine signaling controls striatal blood flow bidirectionally, and the balance is altered in LID. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Cholinergic Denervation Patterns Across Cognitive Domains in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: van der Zee Sygrid , Müller Martijn L.T.M. , Kanel Prabesh , van Laar Teus , Bohnen Nicolaas I. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe cholinergic system plays a key role in cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous acetylcholinesterase positron emission tomography imaging studies found memory, attention, and executive function correlates of global cortical cholinergic losses. Vesicular acetylcholine transporter positron emission tomography allows for more accurate topographic assessment of not only cortical but also subcortical cholinergic changes.ObjectiveThe objectiveof this study was to investigate the topographic relationship between cognitive functioning and regional cholinergic innervation in patients with PD.MethodsA total of 86 nondemented patients with PD (mean ± SD age 67.8 ± 7.6 years, motor disease duration 5.8 ± 4.6 years), and 12 healthy control participants (age 67.8 ± 7.8 years) underwent cholinergic [18F]Fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol positron emission tomography imaging. Patients with PD underwent neuropsychological assessment. The z scores for each cognitive domain were determined using an age‐matched, gender‐matched, and educational level–matched control group. Correlations between domain‐specific cognitive functioning and cholinergic innervation were examined, controlling for motor impairments and levodopa equivalent dose. Additional correlational analyses were performed using a mask limited to PD versus normal aging binding differences to assess for disease‐specific versus normal aging effects.ResultsVoxel‐based whole‐brain analysis demonstrated partial overlapping topography across cognitive domains, with most robust correlations in the domains of memory, attention, and executive functioning (P < 0.01, corrected for multiple comparisons). The shared pattern included the cingulate cortex, insula/operculum, and (visual) thalamus.ConclusionOur results confirm and expand on previous observations of cholinergic system involvement in cognitive functioning in PD. The topographic overlap across domains may reflect a partially shared cholinergic functionality underlying cognitive functioning, representing a combination of disease‐specific and aging effects. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Investigation of light behavior of all optical full adders in two‐dimensional photonic crystals
Authors: Sonth Mahesh V , Soma Savita , Gowre Sanjaykumar C 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, an optical full adder is investigated in terms of light flow inside the two‐dimensional (2‐D) crystal lattice waveguide structures. The phenomenon such as resonance, splitter, and combiner based on the principle of constructive and destructive interference is used in the modeling of all optical full adders. Also, defects are introduced in the junction of the waveguide structures to pass/stop light wave inside the waveguide structure. The designed full adder structure in 2‐D photonic crystals (PhCs) occupies an area of 382.91 μm2 and maximum light confinement at the Sum and Cout output ports are 0.52 and 0.6 arbitrary unit (a.u.), respectively. The response time of the full adder structure is about 0.25 ps and the maximum contrast ratio achieved at the Sum is 7.16 dB and Cout is 5.74 dB. RSoft FullWAVE simulation tool is used to perform a full‐vector simulation of photonic structures.
A small pilot study to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of a novel automated voiding diary device for recording urine output measurements
Authors: Takai Shun , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Hashizume Nobuya , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsRecording a voiding diary can be bothersome for patients and is sometimes inaccurate and unhygienic. This study aimed to develop and assess the accuracy and convenience of a novel device that automatically records the voiding diary by measuring pre‐ and post‐void body weight.MethodsWe used this novel device for seven healthy volunteers and ten hospitalized patients. The examinees got on the device before and after voiding and the device recorded the voiding diary automatically. The examinees also manually recorded a voiding diary by collecting their urine in a cup and measuring its volume and weight. We examined the correlation between the traditional and the automated voiding diary to confirm the accuracy of voiding measurements using this device. Additionally, we investigated which measurement method was preferred by the participants.ResultsIn the healthy volunteers group, there was a strong correlation between the voided urine weight recorded by the device and voided urine weight measured manually by the examinee (R2 = 0.9935). In the patients group, there was a strong (R2 = 0.9117) but lower correlation than that of the volunteers group, with an error of ±25 g 62% of the time, and ±50 g 82% of the time, respectively. All of the healthy volunteers and seven of the ten patients preferred using the automated voiding diary.ConclusionsThis novel device recorded a reasonably accurate voiding diary for everyday clinical practice.
Sport and pelvic floor dysfunction in male and female athletes: A scoping review
Authors: Giagio Silvia , Salvioli Stefano , Pillastrini Paolo , Innocenti Tiziano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThe aims of the present scoping review were to systematically map and summarize findings to identify any study that reported epidemiological data on pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) among male and female athletes.MethodsSix medical databases were searched up to March 2020. No language, study design, and publication type restrictions were applied. Additional studies were identified through gray literature and the reference lists of articles were screened. The results were presented numerically and thematically.ResultsA total of 4358 records were identified with an initial search. A hundred studies met the criteria for inclusion. The number of studies published annually increased over the years. Cross‐sectional studies (n = 62), urinary incontinence (n = 64), multiple sports (n = 58), and female athletes (n = 83) are the most investigated study design, condition, sport, and population, respectively. Only 12 studies explored PFD in the male population. Authors focused selectively on elite athletes in 21 studies.ConclusionsThis is the first scoping review to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. The major gaps in the literature include studies focused on male participants, other PFD (e.g., anal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and pelvic pain), with appropriate study design. This review may be useful to raise awareness of the issue among clinicians and stakeholders in sport and it may represent a starting point for future research.
Boundary layer flow pattern of heat and mass for homogenous shear thinning hybrid‐nanofluid: An experimental data base modeling
Authors: Hassan Mohsan , El‐Zahar Essam R. , Khan Sami Ullah , Rahimi‐Gorji Mohammad , Ahmad Ashfaq 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe boundary layer flow problem for non‐Newtonian hybrid nanofluid over moving wedge is discussed. The hybrid nanofluid is synthesized by equal suspensions of MWCNTs and SiO2 nanoparticles in a binary mixture of EG–water. The physical problem is modeled through continuity, momentum, and energy equations and a two‐parameter rheological model relates shear stress to shear rate is used that obey the trend of experimental result. The relevant governing equations are simplified form by means of the similarity transformation and then solved by an analytical scheme. The results are obtained at different nanoparticles volume fractions for velocity and temperature profiles and displaced graphically for discussion. In addition, displacement and momentum thicknesses are calculated numerically to understand the deflation in mass flow rate and momentum flux to due to boundary layer growth. The results show that velocity profile is reduced due to increasing of viscosity by nanoparticle volume fraction. In this consequence, the displacement and momentum thicknesses are increased.
A study on fractional host–parasitoid population dynamical model to describe insect species
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Kumar Ajay , Samet Bessem , Dutta Hemen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe parasitoid is a broad evolutionary association of hymenopteran insects which are well‐known as biological control agents. Parasites are different from predators because parasites only take resources from one host, whereas predators eat many preys. The preeminent target of this study is to present a fractional model of host–parasitoid population dynamical system through the Caputo operator. The host–parasitoid population dynamical model is a system of three dimensional coupled differential equations. This research also investigates the possibility for obtaining new chaotic behaviors with singular fractional operator and shows the chaotic behavior at different values of fractional order. Furthermore, two numerical schemes Adam–Bashforth–Moulton and new Toufik–Atangana mechanism were suggested to solve fractional host–parasitoid population numerically. Again, some numerical simulations are perform to assess the efficiency of the newly proposed method. Some attractive illustration is presented through graphically. We strongly believe that the proposed work will open various new doors of investigations toward modeling on parasitoid.
Tailored music listening intervention to reduce sleep disturbances in older adults with dementia: Research protocol
Authors: Petrovsky Darina V. , Gooneratne Nalaka S. , Bradt Joke , Gitlin Laura N. , Hodgson Nancy A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSleep disruption in older adults living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is debilitating and contributes to increased institutionalization, reduced cognitive function, and accelerated disease progression. Furthermore, sleep disruption is linked to poor health outcomes in caregivers, such as decreased quality of life and increased caregiver burden. Given the potentially harmful side effects of pharmacologic treatment, nonpharmacologic approaches, such as music, may provide a safer alternative to reducing sleep disruption in this vulnerable population. A growing body of literature suggests that calming tailored music may improve sleep quality in older adults with memory loss, but its efficacy has not been demonstrated in older adults with ADRD in the community, where most older adults with ADRD live. If shown to be feasible and acceptable, tailored music interventions can then be tested for efficacy in reducing sleep disruption. This protocol details a wait‐list randomized controlled trial (NCT04157244), the purpose of which is to test the feasibility, acceptability, and examine the preliminary efficacy of a tailored music listening intervention in older adults with ADRD who report sleep disruption. Music selections will be tailored to the music genre preferences of older adults with ADRD and account for known sleep‐inducing properties. The feasibility of processes that is key to the success of the subsequent study will be examined. Preliminary efficacy of the intervention will be assessed using objective (actigraphy) and subjective (proxy‐reported) sleep quality measures. In addition, qualitative data will be solicited, examining the acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention by individuals with ADRD.
Functional Brain Networks: Unique Patterns with Hedonic Appetite and Confidence to Resist Eating in Older Adults with Obesity
Authors: Burdette Jonathan H. , Laurienti Paul J. , Miron Laura L. , Bahrami Mohsen , Simpson Sean L. , Nicklas Barbara J. , Fanning Jason , Rejeski W. Jack 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether baseline measures of hedonic hunger—the Power of Food Scale—and self‐control for food consumption—the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire—were associated with network topology within two sets of brain regions (regions of interest [ROIs] 1 and 2) in a group of older adults with obesity. These previously identified brain regions were shown in a different cohort of older adults to be critical for discriminating weight loss success and failure.MethodsBaseline functional magnetic resonance imaging data (resting state and food cue task) were collected in a novel cohort of 67 older adults with obesity (65‐85 years, BMI = 35‐42 kg/m2) participating in an 18‐month randomized clinical trial on weight regain.ResultsThe Power of Food Scale was most related to ROI 1, which includes the visual cortex and sensorimotor processing areas during only the food cue state. During both the food cue and resting conditions, the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire was associated with ROI 2, which includes areas of the attention network and limbic circuitry.ConclusionsOur findings show critical, distinct links between brain network topology with self‐reported measures that capture hedonic hunger and the confidence that older adults have in resisting the consumption of food because of both intrapersonal and social/environmental cues.
Whole‐slide laser microdissection for tumour enrichment
Authors: Coope Robin JN , Schlosser Colin , Corbett Richard D , Pleasance Stephen , Tessier‐Cloutier Basile , Pandoh Pawan , Kirk Heather , Haile Simon , Zhao Yongjun , Mungall Andrew J , Marra Marco A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe practical application of genome‐scale technologies to precision oncology research requires flexible tissue processing strategies that can be used to differentially select both tumour and normal cell populations from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues. As tumour sequencing scales towards clinical implementation, practical difficulties in scheduling and obtaining fresh tissue biopsies at scale, including blood samples as surrogates for matched ‘normal’ DNA, have focused attention on the use of formalin‐preserved clinical samples collected routinely for diagnostic purposes. In practice, such samples often contain both tumour and normal cells which, if correctly partitioned, could be used to profile both tumour and normal genomes, thus identifying somatic alterations. Here we report a semi‐automated method for laser microdissecting entire slide‐mounted tissue sections to enrich for cells of interest with sufficient yield for whole genome and transcriptome sequencing. Using this method, we demonstrated enrichment of tumour material from mixed tumour–normal samples by up to 67%. Leveraging new methods that allow for the extraction of high‐quality nucleic acids from small amounts of formalin‐fixed tissues, we further showed that the method was successful in yielding sequence data of sufficient quality for use in BC Cancer's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) program. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autophagy in white matter disorders of the CNS: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Nutma Erik , Marzin Manuel C , Cillessen Saskia AGM , Amor Sandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutophagy is a constitutive process that degrades, recycles and clears damaged proteins or organelles, yet, despite activation of this pathway, abnormal proteins accumulate in neurons in neurodegenerative diseases and in oligodendrocytes in white matter disorders. Here, we discuss the role of autophagy in white matter disorders, including neurotropic infections, inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, and in hereditary metabolic disorders and acquired toxic‐metabolic disorders. Once triggered due to cell stress, autophagy can enhance cell survival or cell death that may contribute to oligodendrocyte damage and myelin loss in white matter diseases. For some disorders, the mechanisms leading to myelin loss are clear, whereas the aetiological agent and pathological mechanisms are unknown for other myelin disorders, although emerging studies indicate that a common mechanism underlying these disorders is dysregulation of autophagic pathways. In this review we discuss the alterations in the autophagic process in white matter disorders and the potential use of autophagy‐modulating agents as therapeutic approaches in these pathological conditions. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Strain rate dependency on failure load and stress intensity factor of single lap steel joints bonded with epoxy adhesive reinforced with nano‐Al2O3 sphere and rod particles
Authors: Gupta Sunil Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe failure load of single‐lap steel joints (subjected to compressive force) with epoxy/nano‐Al2O3 adhesives containing 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt% of sphere and rod nano‐Al2O3 was analyzed at quasi‐static loading. At optimum wt% (1.5 wt%) of nano‐Al2O3, the failure load of epoxy/nano‐Al2O3 adhesive was determined at high strain rates using Kolsky bar. Critical stress intensity factor of the adhesive layer at the corner of single‐lap joints was calculated from the experimentally obtained failure load. A substantial improvement in the failure load and critical stress intensity factor of epoxy/nano‐Al2O3 adhesives was achieved compared to the base adhesive at quasi‐static and high shear strain rates. Whereas, the failure load of epoxy/nano‐Al2O3 adhesives containing 1.5 wt% of sphere and rod nano‐Al2O3 at high shear strain rates were 3 to 5 times more than the static failure load of adhesives. The reinforcement of sphere nano‐Al2O3 in epoxy had better performance on failure load and critical stress intensity factor of joints compared to rod nano‐Al2O3 under the compressive mode of loading.