bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Electrical Switch‐Driven Flexible Electromagnetic Absorber
Authors: Lv Hualiang , Yang Zhihong , Xu Hongbin , Wang Liuying , Wu Renbing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of a thin, tunable, and high‐performance flexible electromagnetic (EM) absorbing device that aims to solve signal interference or EM pollution is highly desirable but remains a great challenge. Herein, demonstrated is a flexible electrical‐driven device constructed by an insulated organic‐polymer substrate, carrier transmission layer, and core–shell structured absorber, enabling a narrow and tunable effective absorption region (fE < 2.0 GHz) by controlling the external voltage toward this challenge. As a key design element, the selected absorber consists of an Sn/SnS/SnO2 core and C shell, which exhibits an exceptional dielectric‐response ability at a small voltage, which is attributed to desirable carrier mobility and excitable carriers. Multiple fE‐tuning regions (maximum up to 7.0), covering 90% of C‐band can be achieved for Sn/SnS/SnO2@C‐based flexible device by selecting a low voltage (2–12 V). The strategy developed here may open a new avenue toward the design of flexible intelligent EM device for practical applications.
Synergistic Improvements in Efficiency and Stability of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells with Metal Ion Doping
Authors: Xu Qiaofei , Meng Ke , Liu Zhou , Wang Xiao , Hu Youdi , Qiao Zhi , Li Shunde , Cheng Lei , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract2D perovskites hold a great prospective to create highly efficient and stable solar cell devices. In order to explore their full potential, every component of 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has to be carefully designed and engineered. Herein, the metal ion doping strategy is taken to optimize both the hole transport layers (HTLs) and the light absorbing layers of the BA2MA3Pb4I13 (BA = butylamine; MA = methylammonium) based 2D PSC devices. The hole extraction and transport abilities are significantly enhanced by Cu ion doping in the nickel oxide layers, while the optoelectronic properties of the BA2MA3Pb4I13 layers are effectively improved with Cs ion doping. The synergistic incorporations of Cu and Cs ions have boosted the device power conversion efficiency to 13.92%, the highest for 2D PSCs based on inorganic HTLs. In addition, the inorganic nature of the Cu doped nickel oxide film and the high quality of the Cs doped 2D perovskite film also endow the PSC device with extraordinary humidity and thermal stabilities.
High Performance Van der Waals Graphene–WS2–Si Heterostructure Photodetector
Authors: Xiao Rubin , Lan Changyong , Li Yongjun , Zeng Cheng , He Tianying , Wang Shuai , Li Chun , Yin Yi , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract2D materials have become a major focus in material science due to their exotic properties originated from quantum confinement effects. Van der Waals heterostructures composed of 2D materials and conventional semiconductors always show enhanced optoelectronic performance and have attracted much attention in recent years. Here, high performance photodetectors based on graphene–WS2–Si van der Waals heterostructure is reported. The photodetector shows wide spectrum response from visible to near infrared with a maximum photoresponsivity of 54.5 A W−1 at 800 nm. Furthermore, the photodetector has a fast response speed with rise time of 45 µs and decay time of 210 µs. Photocurrent mapping shows that not only the graphene–WS2–Si area, but also the graphene–WS2–SiO2–Si area contributes to the photocurrent. With the increase of lateral size of the junction area, the photoresponsivity is reduced due to increased recombination. The response speed decreases with the increase of lateral size of the junction area, which is due to increased junction capacitance. The results indicate that this kind of van der Waals heterostructure has excellent photodetection performance and is suitable for application in high performance broadband photodetectors. Also, the simple fabrication method has a great potential for large scale device integration.
Revealing Phonon Polaritons in Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Multipulse Peak Force Infrared Microscopy
Authors: Wang Le , Wagner Martin , Wang Haomin , Pau‐Sanchez Siuling , Li Jiahan , Edgar James H. , Xu Xiaoji G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProbing of polaritons in 2D materials is facilitated by spectroscopic imaging with nanometer spatial resolution. The combination of atomic force microscopy and infrared laser sources provides access for in situ mappings of phonon polaritons. Here, it is demonstrated that the photothermal‐based peak force infrared microscopy is capable of revealing phonon polaritons with high spatial resolution in isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride microstructures without damaging the sample. To further improve the sensitivity, peak force infrared microscopy is enhanced with a scheme of multiple laser pulse excitation. The resulting method of multipulse peak force infrared microscopy can detect phonon polaritons with high sensitivity, which is particularly useful for probing polaritons in 2D materials with high damping characteristics.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Long‐Term Maintenance Dosing for Antiretroviral‐Naive Adults with HIV‐1 Infection
Authors: Shen Yinzhong , Liu Tingyi , Chen Jun , Li Xin , Liu Li , Shen Jiayin , Wang Jiangrong , Zhang Renfang , Sun Meiyan , Wang Zhenyan , Song Wei , Qi Tangkai , Tang Yang , Meng Xianmin , Zhang Lijun , Ho Dean , Ho Chih‐Ming , Ding Xianting , Lu Hong‐Zhou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAntiretroviral therapy (ART) serves as a mainstay in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. An HIV patient is traditionally administered the same ART regimen for life, even if his/her viral load has been reduced by several orders of magnitude from the initial viral load. Dose reduction in ART has been clinically explored in a trial‐and‐error manner to reduce side effects and improve ART sustainability. Using artificial intelligence (AI), we have discovered that drugs and doses inputs can be related to viral load reduction through a Parabolic Response Surface (PRS). The AI‐PRS platform can rationally guide a clinically‐actionable approach to identify optimized population‐wide and personalized dosing. In this prospective pilot clinical trial, a combination regimen of tenofovir (TDF), efavirenz (EFV) and lamivudine (3TC) is administered to ten patients. Using AI‐PRS, a 33% reduction in the long‐term TDF maintenance dose (200 mg) is identified compared to standard regimens (300 mg). This regimen keeps the HIV viral load below 40 copies/mL with no relapse during a 144‐week observation period. This study demonstrates that AI‐PRS can potentially serve as a scalable approach to optimize and sustain the long‐term management of HIV as well as a broad spectrum of other indications.
Healthcare recommendations for Joubert syndrome
Authors: Bachmann‐Gagescu Ruxandra , Dempsey Jennifer C. , Bulgheroni Sara , Chen Maida L. , D'Arrigo Stefano , Glass Ian A. , Heller Theo , Héon Elise , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Joshi Nirmal , Knutzen Dana , Kroes Hester Y. , Mack Stephen H. , Nuovo Sara , Parisi Melissa A. , Snow Joseph , Summers Angela C. , Symons Jordan M. , Zein Wadih M. , Boltshauser Eugen , Sayer John A. , Gunay‐Aygun Meral , Valente Enza Maria , Doherty Dan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder defined by a characteristic cerebellar and brainstem malformation recognizable on axial brain magnetic resonance imaging as the “Molar Tooth Sign”. Although defined by the neurological features, JS is associated with clinical features affecting many other organ systems, particularly progressive involvement of the retina, kidney, and liver. JS is a rare condition; therefore, many affected individuals may not have easy access to subspecialty providers familiar with JS (e.g., geneticists, neurologists, developmental pediatricians, ophthalmologists, nephrologists, hepatologists, psychiatrists, therapists, and educators). Expert recommendations can enable practitioners of all types to provide quality care to individuals with JS and know when to refer for subspecialty care. This need will only increase as precision treatments targeting specific genetic causes of JS emerge. The goal of these recommendations is to provide a resource for general practitioners, subspecialists, and families to maximize the health of individuals with JS throughout the lifespan.
Using teeth as tools: Investigating the mother–infant dyad and developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis using vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Brickley Megan B. , Kahlon Bonnie , D'Ortenzio Lori 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesWith a growing interest in the mother–infant dyad and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis among biological and medical anthropologists, this study set out to provide all the information required to evaluate if mineralization defects in dentine might be caused by vitamin D deficiency in the critical first 1000 days of life.Materials and MethodsInformation was compiled on dentine formation in utero to approximately 18 years, and a method for determining the location of the neonatal line in dentine was devised, allowing the assessment of the prenatal and early life period. Re‐evaluation of previously analyzed teeth (n = 61) was undertaken with detailed examination of n = 5/22 first permanent molars forming in the prenatal and critical early life periods.ResultsFirst permanent molars and all deciduous teeth give information on intrauterine development and on the first 1000 days postnatally providing a direct window on maternal and fetal health. Three archaeological individuals had interglobular dentine that formed prenatally suggesting that their mothers experienced vitamin D deficiency at the time dentine was forming and all other individuals had a deficiency during the first 1000 days of life. Conditions that could cause systemic mineralization defects were determined, and in each, case they were found to be consistent with vitamin D deficiency.DiscussionThe neonatal line serves as a clear baseline for determining prenatal and postnatal events, particularly those related to vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate metabolism, and can be used to investigate the maternal–infant dyad for both past and present communities.
A case of marked bilateral asymmetry in the sacral alae of the Neandertal specimen Regourdou 1 (Périgord, France)
Authors: Rmoutilová Rebeka , Gómez‐Olivencia Asier , Brůžek Jaroslav , Holliday Trenton , Ledevin Ronan , Couture‐Veschambre Christine , Madelaine Stéphane , Džupa Valér , Velemínská Jana , Maureille Bruno 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesA marked asymmetry was previously reported in the sacral alae and S1‐L5 facets orientation of the Neandertal individual Regourdou 1. Here, we provide a detailed description and quantification of the morphology and degree of asymmetry of this sacrum.Material and methodsRegourdou 1 was compared to a modern human sample composed of 24 females and 17 males, and to other Neandertal individuals. Both traditional and geometric morphometric analyses were used in order to quantify the degree of sacral asymmetry of Regourdou 1.ResultsThe asymmetry of both sacral alae and facets orientation substantially exceeds directional and absolute asymmetry of the healthy modern sample. Regourdou 1 shows a considerably shorter right ala, which is absolutely and relatively outside of the modern and Neandertal variations.ConclusionRegourdou 1 shows marked sacral asymmetry that probably originated in early ontogenetic development. An asymmetric sacrum reflects asymmetric load dissipation and could relate to other morphological abnormalities observed in the skeleton, especially the mild scoliosis of the spine and the asymmetry of the femoral diaphyses. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the relationship between those morphologies as well as a potential impact on the life of the individual.
Physical modification of polymeric support layer for thin film composite forward osmosis membranes by metal–organic framework‐based porous matrix membrane strategy
Authors: Arjmandi Mehrzad , Pourafshari Chenar Mahdi , Peyravi Majid , Jahanshahi Mohsen 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPhysical modification of support layers (SLs) for thin‐film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes is the main goal of this study. Accordingly, the strategy of metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based porous matrix membrane (PMM) was used for the fabrication of controllable SLs. Fourteen different TFC FO membranes were successfully fabricated by interfacial polymerization (IP) technique over the fourteen different SLs made of polyetherimide (PEI), polyethersulfone (PES), and twelve MOF‐based PMM. The controllable MOF particles, fabricated SLs, and TFC membranes were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle (CA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and developed SHN1 method. The results showed that the PMM strategy can lead to an increase in the degree of crosslinking of polyamide (PA) as a result of physical modification of the original SLs. Also, the PMM strategy reduced the structural parameters and hence the internal concentration polarization (ICP) was controlled. However, according to the characteristic curve, physical modification of the structure of PES and PEI by MOF‐based PMM strategy caused a small and dramatic effect (respectively) on the performance of the TFC FO membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48672.
Encapsulin carrier proteins for enhanced expression of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Lee Tek‐Hyung , Carpenter Timothy S. , D'haeseleer Patrik , Savage David F. , Yung Mimi C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are regarded as attractive alternatives to conventional antibiotics, but their production in microbes remains challenging due to their inherent bactericidal nature. To address these limitations, we have developed a novel AMP fusion protein system based on an encapsulin nanocompartment protein and have demonstrated its utility in enhancing expression of HBCM2, an AMP with activity against Gram‐negative bacteria. Here, HBCM2 was fused to the N‐terminus of several Encapsulin monomer (Enc) variants engineered with multiple TEV protease recognition site insertions to facilitate proteolytic release of the fused HBCM2. Fusion of HBCM2 to the Enc variants, but not other common carrier proteins, enabled robust overexpression inEscherichia coliC43(DE3) cells. Interestingly, variants with a TEV site insertion following residue K71 in Enc exhibited the highest overexpression and HBCM2 release efficiencies compared to other variants but were deficient in cage formation. HBCM2 was purified from the highest expressing variant following TEV protease digestion and was found to be highly active in inhibitingE. coligrowth (MIC = 5 μg/ml). Our study demonstrates the potential use of the Enc system to enhance expression of AMPs for biomanufacturing and therapeutic applications.
Contributing factors to health‐related quality of life in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Biernacki Tamás , Sandi Dániel , Kincses Zsigmond Tamás , Füvesi Judit , Rózsa Csilla , Mátyás Klotild , Vécsei László , Bencsik Krisztina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHealth‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is lower in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) compared to the healthy population, psychological symptoms accompanying multiple sclerosis (MS) have a serious impact on the HRQoL of PwMS. Data regarding the subject, however, remain conflicting.ObjectivesTo evaluate the patients' sociodemographic attributes, education, fatigue, depression, and cognitive impairment level of impact on the HRQoL for the whole cohort as well as comparing the sexes.Materials and MethodsThree hundred and twenty‐two relapse‐remitting MS patients filled out the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), MS Quality of Life‐54 (MSQoL‐54) questionnaires, cognitive impairment were identified using Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) test. The patients' data were acquired from our clinic's MS registry or from patients' files.ResultsDepression and fatigue were found to have the most ubiquitous and robust effect on the overall and any given subdivision of the HRQoL composite. Other factors had a slight effect on some of the subscales when the whole cohort was evaluated. When the genders were compared, differences were found on 10 domains.ConclusionPsychopathological symptoms have a more powerful influence on the HRQoL of MS patients than physical impairment, also these symptoms influence men's and women's HRQoL with different power. This invokes the need for complex and personalized care in the treatment of PwMS. Ours is the first study to show a difference between the sexes in this regard.
The prevalence and prognostic value of KRAS co‐mutation subtypes in Chinese advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Cai Dongjing , Hu Chengping , Li Li , Deng Shichao , Yang Jing , Han‐Zhang Han , Li Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveKRAS mutation plays a critical role in the initiation and development of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). KRAS‐mutant patients exhibit diverse response to chemotherapy. KRAS co‐mutation subtypes and their prognosis value in advanced Chinese NSCLC patients remain largely elusive.MethodsA total of 1126 Chinese advanced NSCLC patients from Xiangya hospital were screened by capture‐based ultra‐deep sequencing for KRAS mutation between January 2015 and December 2016. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan‐Meier analysis.ResultsAmong the patients screened, 84 cases were detected with KRAS mutation (7.5%). All of them were non‐squamous NSCLC and received pemetrexed plus platinum as the first‐line treatment. The most frequent KRAS co‐mutation genes were TP53 (29%), TP53/LKB1 (19%), and LKB1 (14%). Our data revealed that patients with KRAS co‐mutation had poorer prognosis in comparison with those harboring single KRAS mutation. Furthermore, patients with KPL (KRAS mutated with TP53 and LKB1) subtype, which was a novel subtype, had the shortest progression‐free survival (PFS) in all types of KRAS co‐mutation patients (P < .0001). The PFS and overall survival (OS) of patients with KRASG12D mutation were inferior than those with KRASG12C mutation or KRASG12V mutation. Patients in KRASG>T type had significantly longer survival than those in KRASG>C type or KRASG>A type.ConclusionOur study revealed that concurrent genomic alterations can further stratify KRAS‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients into various subgroups with distinctive therapeutic responses and differential survival outcomes. The KPL is a novel and less responsive subtype among KRAS‐mutated NSCLC, and further investigation of effective treatment for this subtype is warranted.
Epigenetic abnormalities of classical Hodgkin lymphoma and its effect on immune escape
Authors: Liu Yizhen , Huang Renhong , Liu Lianfang , Meng Yanchun , Liu Xiaojian 
Published: November 2019

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a particular kind of malignant tumour that originates from the B cells. The malignant phenotype of cHL is, at least in part, maintained by epigenetic aberrations, which primarily consist of abnormal histone methylation and acetylation. Progress has been made in clinical trials concerning the histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) in cHL. Also, some demethylation regimens could serve the purpose of preventing and treating tumours. Programmed death‐ligand receptor 1 (PD‐L1, CD274) inhibitors or apoptosis receptor 1 (PD‐1, CD279) inhibitors are used in treating patients with relapsed cHL in recent years. Academic researches indicated that PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors, including nivolumab and pembrolizumab, demonstrate remarkable activity in relapsed cHL. In addition, in recent years, a close association between epigenetic aberrations and immune escape has been explored in cHL. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, HDACis, and immune checkpoint blockade exhibit synergistic effects. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview on the epigenetic abnormalities of cHL and its effect on immune escape, in order to explore the optimal combination approach to treat the disease.Significance of the studyCancer Statistics 2018 reported that more than 8000 new cases of Hodgkin lymphoma were diagnosed. In recent years, PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors for cHL have been utilized, and the therapeutic strategies of HDACis combined with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors have been raised. It is critical for improving the efficacy and decreasing the toxicity in treating the patients with cHL.
Preparation of Curcumin Nanodispersions Using Subcritical Water – Screening of Different Emulsifiers
Authors: Sayyar Zahra , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNanodispersions can help to increase solubility and stability of bioactive components and food additives. Curcumin nanodispersions were prepared by a novel subcritical water method using eleven emulsifiers, namely, polyethylene glycol, Tween 20, Tween 80, casein, sodium caseinate, lecithin, guar gam, Arabic gum, inulin, β‐cyclodextrin, and maltodextrin. Influences of the emulsifiers on the rheological, physicochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the nanodispersion were evaluated. Results revealed that the nanodispersion prepared with Tween 20 showed the smallest particle size and lowest polydispersity index values as well as the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Nanodispersions prepared with lecithin exhibited the highest zeta potential and lowest conductivity values.
Black Phosphorus‐Based Semiconductor Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Fulai , Huang Chen , Liu Chu‐Xuan , Shi Rui , Chen Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSolar‐to‐hydrogen (H2) conversion has been regarded as a sustainable and renewable technique to address aggravated environmental pollution and global energy crisis. The most critical aspect in this technology is to develop highly efficient and stable photocatalysts, especially metal‐free photocatalysts. Recently, black phosphorus (BP), as a rising star 2D nanomaterial, has captured enormous attention in photocatalytic water splitting owing to its widespread optical absorption, adjustable direct band gap, and superior carrier migration characteristics. However, the rapid charge recombination of pristine BP has seriously limited its practical application as photocatalyst. The construction of BP‐based semiconductor heterojunctions has been proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing the separation of photogenerated carriers. This Minireview attempts to summarize the recent progress in BP‐based semiconductor heterojunctions for photocatalytic water splitting, including type‐I and type‐II heterojunctions, Z‐Scheme systems, and multicomponent heterojunctions. Finally, a brief summary and perspective on the challenges and future directions in this field are also provided.
Total Syntheses of 11‐Acetoxy‐4‐deoxyasbestinin D, 4‐Deoxyasbestinin C, Asbestinin‐10, ‐20, ‐21 and ‐23
Authors: Campbell Angus , Som Ian Mat , Wilson Claire , Clark J. Stephen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSix members of the asbestinin family of marine diterpene natural products have been synthesized in an efficient and stereoselective manner from a single oxa‐bridged intermediate. Five of these natural products have not been synthesized previously and the structures of four of them have been confirmed as those proposed originally or following revisions to the original structures. The fifth natural product—asbestinin‐21—has been shown to be a diastereomer of the compound that had been proposed previously.