bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of large middle molecules via haemodialysis with medium cut-off membranes at lower blood flow rates: an observational prospective study
Authors: Kim Tae Hoon , Kim Seok-hyung , Kim Tae Yeon , Park Hae Yeul , Jung Kwon Soo , Lee Moon Hyoung , Jhee Jong Hyun , Lee Jung Eun , Choi Hoon Young , Park Hyeong Cheon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Online haemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) may improve middle molecular clearance in contrast to conventional haemodialysis (HD). However, OL-HDF requires higher convective flows and cannot sufficiently remove large middle molecules. This study evaluated the efficacy of a medium cut-off (MCO) dialyser in removing large middle molecular uraemic toxins and compared it with that of conventional high-flux (HF) dialysers in HD and predilution OL-HDF.

Methods
Six clinically stable HD patients without residual renal function were investigated. Dialyser and treatment efficacies were examined during a single midweek treatment in three consecutive periods: 1) conventional HD using an HF dialyser, 2) OL-HDF using the same HF dialyser, and 3) conventional HD using an MCO dialyser. Treatment efficacy was assessed by calculating the reduction ratio (RR) for β2-microglobulin (β2M), myoglobin, κ and λ free light chains (FLCs), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 and measuring clearance for FLCs.

Results
All three treatments showed comparable RRs for urea, phosphate, creatinine, and uric acid. MCO HD showed greater RRs for myoglobin and λFLC than did HF HD and predilution OL-HDF (myoglobin: 63.1 ± 5.3% vs. 43.5 ± 8.9% and 49.8 ± 7.3%; λFLC: 43.2 ± 5.6% vs. 26.8 ± 4.4% and 33.0 ± 9.2%, respectively; P <  0.001). Conversely, predilution OL-HDF showed the greatest RR for β2M, whereas MCO HD and HF HD showed comparable RRs for β2M (predilution OL-HDF vs. MCO HD: 80.1 ± 4.9% vs. 72.6 ± 3.8%, P = 0.01). There was no significant difference among MCO HD, HF HD, and predilution OL-HDF in the RRs for κFLC (63.2 ± 6.0%, 53.6 ± 15.5%, and 61.5 ± 7.0%, respectively; P = 0.37), and FGF-23 (55.5 ± 20.3%, 34.6 ± 13.1%, and 35.8 ± 23.2%, respectively; P = 0.13). Notably, MCO HD showed improved clearances for FLCs when compared to HF HD or OL-HDF.

Conclusions
MCO HD showed significantly greater RR of large middle molecules and achieved improved clearance for FLCs than conventional HD and OL-HDF, without the need for large convection volumes or high blood flow rates. This would pose as an advantage for elderly HD patients with poor vascular access and HD patients without access to OL-HDF.

Trial registration
Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS): KCT 0003009. The trial was prospectively registered on the 21 Jul 2018.
CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation in distinct forms and subtypes of neurodegenerative dementia
Authors: Abu-Rumeileh Samir , Steinacker Petra , Polischi Barbara , Mammana Angela , Bartoletti-Stella Anna , Oeckl Patrick , Baiardi Simone , Zenesini Corrado , Huss André , Cortelli Pietro , Capellari Sabina , Otto Markus , Parchi Piero 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In neurodegenerative dementias (NDs) such as prion disease, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), protein misfolding leads to the tissue deposition of protein aggregates which, in turn, trigger neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have the potential to reflect different aspects of these phenomena across distinct clinicopathological subtypes and disease stages.

Methods
We investigated CSF glial markers, namely chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in prion disease subtypes (n = 101), AD (n = 40), clinicopathological subgroups of FTLD (n = 72), and controls (n = 40) using validated, commercially available ELISA assays. We explored glial biomarker levels’ associations with disease variables and neurodegenerative CSF biomarkers and evaluated their diagnostic accuracy. The genotype of the CHIT1 rs3831317 polymorphic site was also analyzed.

Results
Each ND group showed increased levels of CHIT1, YKL-40, and GFAP compared to controls with a difference between prion disease and AD or FTLD limited to YKL-40, which showed higher values in the former group. CHIT1 levels were reduced in both heterozygotes and homozygotes for the CHIT1 24-bp duplication (rs3831317) in FTLD and controls, but this effect was less significant in AD and prion disease. After stratification according to molecular subgroups, we demonstrated (i) an upregulation of all glial markers in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease VV2 compared to other disease subtypes, (ii) a difference in CHIT1 levels between FTLD with TAU and TDP43 pathology, and (iii) a marked increase of YKL-40 in FTLD with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in comparison with FTLD without ALS. In prion disease, glial markers correlated with disease stage and were already elevated in one pre-symptomatic case of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. Regarding the diagnostic value, YKL-40 was the only glial marker that showed a moderate accuracy in the distinction between controls and NDs.

Conclusions
NDs share a CSF profile characterized by increased levels of CSF CHIT1, YKL-40, and GFAP, which likely reflects a common neuroinflammatory response to protein misfolding and aggregation. CSF glial markers of neuroinflammation demonstrate limited diagnostic value but have some potential for monitoring the clinical and, possibly, preclinical phases of NDs.
A conceptual comparison of family-based treatment and enhanced cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of adolescents with eating disorders
Authors: Dalle Grave Riccardo , Eckhardt Sarah , Calugi Simona , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this paper is to give a conceptual comparison of family-based treatment (FBT), a specific form of family therapy, and enhanced cognitive behavior therapy (CBT-E) in the management of adolescents with eating disorders.Main textFBT and CBT-E differ in the conceptualization of eating disorders, the nature of involvement of parents and the child/adolescent, the number of treatment team members involved, and evidence of efficacy. FBT is the leading recommended empirically- supported intervention for adolescents with eating disorders. Data from randomized controlled trials indicate that FBT works well with less than half of the parents and adolescents who accept the treatment, but cannot be used with those who do not have available parents, or for those with parents who are not accepting of a FBT model, or are unable to participate in a course of this treatment. CBT-E has shown promising results in cohort studies of patients between ages 11 and 19 years, and has recently been recommended for youth with eating disorders when FBT is unacceptable, contraindicated, or ineffective.ConclusionThere is a need to compare these two treatments in a randomized controlled trial to assess their acceptability, effectiveness, relative cost and cost-effectiveness, and to explore moderators of treatment response.
Entrepreneurs’ imprint: survival and sustainable development of private aesthetic plastic surgery hospitals in China
Authors: Xu Li , Liu Ming-xia , Yao Hao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, the private aesthetic plastic surgery industry in China is developing rapidly and has become the fourth largest service industry of the country which contributes to 1.2% portion of the national GDP and helps to improve employment. Thus, the sustainable development of the industry plays an important role in the sustainability of the Chinese economy which is a problem that cannot be ignored. From the perspective of organizational imprinting, this paper selects seven newly established private aesthetic plastic surgery hospitals in central China as research samples and applies semi-structured interview and content analysis to investigate the relationship between personal characteristics of entrepreneurs and survival trajectories of these hospitals. Results show that entrepreneurs’ imprint takes effect in the course of establishing a new hospital through entrepreneurial motivation and initial strategy. Specifically, entrepreneurs’ age, educational background, geographical identity and industry experience all contribute to the entrepreneurial success. In addition, entrepreneurs’ imprint may be effective in the initial and early stage and then fades away with environmental changes. Corporate strategy is a useful complement to entrepreneurs’ imprint afterwards.
Profiling of the germline mutation BRCA1: p.Ile1845fs in a large cohort of Han Chinese breast cancer
Authors: Wu Yu , Zhang Huanhuan , Weng Xiaoling , Wang Honglian , Zhou Qinghua , Wu Ying , Shen Yi , Hu Zhen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is a one of the malignant carcinomas partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline BRCA1 gene mutations are reportedly associated with breast cancers. Identification of BRCA1 mutations greatly improves the preventive strategies and management of breast cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of the deleterious BRCA1: p.Ile1845fs variant in breast carcinomas, as well as the correlation between p.Ile1845fs variant with clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcomes.

Results
A total of 23,481 clinically high-risk patients with breast cancer and 6489 healthy controls were recruited for p.Ile1845fs variant sequencing (either sanger or next generation sequencing). We identified 94 breast cancer patients (0.40%, 94/23481) as well as 11 healthy controls (0.17%, 11/6489) carried p.Ile1845fs variant. BRCA1: p.Ile1845fs variant showed a higher frequency in patients with TNBC molecular typing (20.21%, 19/94) and family history (37.23%, 35/94) compared with non-carriers (P = 3.62E-6 and 0.034, respectively). According to our data, we advanced the frequency of p.Ile1845fs variant and we confirmed that BRCA1: p.Ile1845fs variant was associated with increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 2.36, 95%CI = 1.26–4.89, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
BRCA1: p.Ile1845fs variant was a frequently pathogenic mutation in breast cancer in Han Chinese women and our data may be helpful for diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer.
Hedging ship price risk using freight derivatives in the drybulk market
Authors: Adland Roar , Ameln Haakon , Børnes Eirik A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe show that a fixed-maturity time-weighted Forward Freight Agreement (FFA) portfolio should be used to proxy the expected future earnings of a vessel. We investigate the corresponding hedging efficiency when using a portfolio of FFA prices to hedge ship price risk of both static hedge ratios calculated using Ordinary Least Squares estimation and the dynamic hedge ratios generated from a dynamic conditional correlation GARCH (1,1) model. We find that the hedging efficiency is greater for newer vessels than older vessels and that the static hedge ratio outperforms the dynamic hedge ratio. Our work is an extension of earlier empirical work which has only considered the hedging efficiency of varying-maturity calendar FFA contracts for a single vessel age.
Poorer dynamic postural stability in patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture combined with lateral meniscus tear than in those with medial meniscus tear
Authors: Lee Jin Hyuck , Lee Dae-Hee , Park Jong-Hoon , Suh Dong Won , Kim Eunseon , Jang Ki-Mo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Only limited data are available regarding postural stability between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injured patients with medial meniscus (MM) tear and those with lateral meniscus (LM) tear. The purpose of this study was to compare preoperative postural stability for both involved and uninvolved knees in ACL rupture combined with MM and LM tears. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in postural stability between these two groups.

Methods
Ninety-three ACL-injured patients (53 combined with MM tears vs. 40 combined with LM tears) were included. Static and dynamic postural stability were evaluated with the overall stability index (OSI), anterior–posterior stability index (APSI), and medial–lateral stability index (MLSI) using stabilometry. Knee muscle strength was evaluated using an isokinetic testing device.

Results
In the static postural stability test, none of the stability indices showed significant differences between the two groups for both knees (p > 0.05). In the dynamic postural stability test for involved side knees, the OSI and APSI were significantly higher in the LM tear group compared to the MM tear group (OSI: 2.0 ± 0.8 vs. 1.6 ± 0.5, p = 0.001; APSI: 1.5 ± 0.6 vs. 1.3 ± 0.5, p = 0.023), but not the MLSI (p > 0.05). In the static and dynamic postural stability tests in each group, there were no significant differences between the involved and uninvolved side knees (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the knee muscle strength between the two groups (p > 0.05). All postural stability showed no significant correlation with knee muscle strength (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Dynamic postural stability was poorer in patients with ACL rupture combined with LM tear than in those with MM tear. Therefore, close monitoring for postural stability would be necessary during preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation, especially for patients with ACL rupture combined with LM tear.

Level of evidence: Level III
A novel three-dimensional echocardiographic method for device size selection in patients undergoing ASD trans-catheter closure
Authors: Roushdy Alaa , El sayegh Aya , Ali Yasmin Abdelrazek , Attia Hebattalla , El fiky Azza , El sayed Maiy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Proper device size selection is a crucial step for successful ASD device closure. The current gold standard for device size selection is balloon sizing. Balloon sizing can be tedious, time consuming and increase fluoroscopy and procedure times as well as risk of complications. We aimed to establish a simple and accurate method for device size selection using three-dimensional echocardiographic interrogation of the ASD.This is a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 12 months. All patients underwent 2D TTE, three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the IAS and transesophageal echocardiogram. Comparison between echocardiographic variables was done using independent sample t test. Linear correlation was established between three dimensional echocardiographic variables and respective variables of device size and 2D TTE and TEE measurements.

Results
The study included 50 patients who underwent successful ASD device closure with properly sized device. There was no significant difference between 3D ASD maximum diameter and all diameters measured by TTE and TEE. There was a strong positive correlation between device size used for closure and both 3D measured ASD area (r = 0.907, P<0.0001) and 3D measured ASD circumference (r = 0.917, P<0.0001). Two regression equations were generated to determine proper device size where Device size = 10.8 + [3.95 x 3D ASD area] and Device size = [3.85 x 3D ASD circumference] -1.02

Conclusion
Three-dimensional echocardiogram can provide a simple and accurate method for device size selection in patients undergoing ASD device closure using either 3D derived ASD area or ASD circumference
The COSMED K5 in Breath-by-Breath and Mixing Chamber Mode at Low to High Intensities
Authors: WINKERT KAY , KIRSTEN JOHANNES , DREYHAUPT JENS , STEINACKER JÜRGEN MICHAEL , TREFF GUNNAR 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The portable metabolic analyzer COSMED K5 (Rome, Italy) allows for switching between breath-by-breath (BBB) and dynamic micro-mixing chamber (DMC) modes. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the K5 in BBB and DMC at low, moderate, and high metabolic rates.

Methods
Two K5 simultaneously operated in BBB or DMC, whereas (i) a metabolic simulator (MS) produced four different metabolic rates (repeated eight times), and (ii) 12 endurance-trained participants performed bike exercise at 30%, 40%, 50%, and 85% of their individual power output at V˙O2max (repeated three times). K5 data were compared with predicted simulated values and consecutive Douglas bag measurements.

Results
Reliability did not differ significantly between BBB and DMC, whereas the typical error and intraclass correlation coefficients for oxygen uptake (V˙O2), carbon dioxide output (V˙CO2), and minute ventilation (V˙E) ranged from 0.27% to 6.18% and from 0.32 to 1.00 within four metabolic rates, respectively. Validity indicated by mean differences ranged between 0.61% and −2.05% for V˙O2, 2.99% to −11.04% for V˙CO2, and 0.93% to −6.76% for V˙E compared with MS and Douglas bag at low to moderate metabolic rates and was generally similar for MS and bike exercise. At high rates, mean differences for V˙O2 amounted to −4.63% to −7.27% in BBB and −0.38% to −3.81% in DMC, indicating a significantly larger difference of BBB at the highest metabolic rate.

Conclusion
The K5 demonstrated accurate to acceptable reliability in BBB and DMC at all metabolic rates. Validity was accurate at low and moderate metabolic rates. At high metabolic rates, BBB underestimated V˙O2, whereas DMC showed superior validity. To test endurance athletes at high workloads, the DMC mode is recommended.
Sequential Learning in Designing Marketing Campaigns for Market Entry
Authors: Moazeni Somayeh , Defourny Boris , Wilczak Monika J. 
Published: December 2019

Developing marketing campaigns for a new product or a new target population is challenging because of the scarcity of relevant historical data. Building on dynamic Bayesian learning, a sequential optimization assists in creating new data points within a finite number of learning phases. This procedure identifies effective advertisement design elements as well as customer segments that maximize the expected outcome of the final marketing campaign. In this paper, the marketing campaign performance is modeled by a multiplicative advertising exposure model with Poisson arrivals. The intensity of the Poisson process is a function of the marketing campaign features. A forward-looking measurement policy is formulated to maximize the expected improvement in the value of information in each learning phase. A computationally efficient approach is proposed that consists of solving a sequence of mixed-integer linear optimization problems. The performance of the optimal learning policy over a set of benchmark policies is evaluated using examples inspired from the property and casualty insurance industry. Further extensions of the model are discussed. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
Does time to surgery affect patient-reported outcome in proximal humeral fractures? A subanalysis of the PROFHER randomized clinical trial
Authors: Norman John G. , Brealey Stephen , Keding Ada , Torgerson David , Rangan Amar 
Published: December 2019

AimsThe aim of this study was to explore whether time to surgery affects functional outcome in displaced proximal humeral fracturesMethodsA total of 250 patients presenting within three weeks of sustaining a displaced proximal humeral fracture involving the surgical neck were recruited at 32 acute NHS hospitals in the United Kingdom between September 2008 and April 2011. Of the 125 participants, 109 received surgery (fracture fixation or humeral head replacement) as per randomization. Data were included for 101 and 67 participants at six-month and five-year follow-up, respectively. Oxford Shoulder Scores (OSS) collected at six, 12, and 24 months and at three, four, and five years following randomization was plotted against time to surgery. Long-term recovery was explored by plotting six-month scores against five-year scores and agreement was illustrated with a Bland-Altman plot.ResultsThe mean time from initial trauma to surgery was 10.5 days (1 to 33). Earlier surgical intervention did not improve OSS throughout follow-up, nor when stratified by participant age (< 65 years vs ≥ 65 years) and fracture severity (one- and two-part vs three- and four-part fractures). Participants managed later than reported international averages (three days in the United States and Germany, eight days in the United Kingdom) did not have worse outcomes. At five-year follow-up, 50 participants (76%) had the same or improved OSS compared with six months (six-month mean OSS 35.8 (SD 10.0); five-year mean OSS 40.1 (SD 9.1); r = 0.613). A Bland-Altman plot demonstrated a positive mean difference (3.3 OSS points (SD 7.92)) with wide 95% limits of agreement (-12.2 and 18.8 points).ConclusionTiming of surgery did not affect OSS at any stage of follow-up, irrespective of age or fracture type. Most participants had maximum functional outcome at six months that was maintained at five years. These findings may help guide providers of trauma services on surgical prioritization. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(1):33–41
The long-term results of extendable endoprostheses of the humerus in children after the resection of a bone sarcoma
Authors: Tsuda Yusuke , Fujiwara Tomohiro , Stevenson Jonathan D. , Parry Michael C. , Tillman Roger , Abudu Adesegun 
Published: December 2019

AimsThe purpose of this study was to report the long-term results of extendable endoprostheses of the humerus in children after the resection of a bone sarcoma.MethodsA total of 35 consecutive patients treated with extendable endoprosthetic replacement of the humerus in children were included. There were 17 boys and 18 girls in the series with a median age at the time of initial surgery of nine years (interquartile range (IQR) 7 to 11).ResultsThe median follow-up time was 10.6 years (IQR 3.9 to 20.4). The overall implant survival at ten years was 75%. Complications occurred in 13 patients (37%). Subluxation at the proximal humerus occurred in 19 patients (54%) but only six (17%) were symptomatic. Subluxation was seen more commonly in children under the age of nine years (86%) than in those aged nine years or more (33%) (p = 0.002). Implant failure occurred in nine patients (26%): the most common cause was aseptic loosening (four patients, 11%). Lengthening of the implant was carried out in 23 patients (66%). At final follow up, three patients had a limb that was shortened by 5 cm or more. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional score was 79% (73% to 90%).ConclusionExtendable endoprosthetic replacement is a reliable method of reconstructing humerus after excision of a bone sarcoma. Children who are less than nine years old have a high risk of subluxation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(1):64–71