bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How cognitive loads modulate the postural control of older women with low back pain ?
Authors: Ge Le , Yu Qiuhua , Wang Chuhuai , Huang Huanjie , Li Xin , Zhang ShanShan , Zhang SiYun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The capacity of postural control is a key factor related to falling in older people, particularly in older women with low back pain (LBP). Cognitive involvement in postural control increases with age.However, most scholars have not considered different difficulty levels of cognitive loads when exploring the effects of cognition on postural control in older patients with LBP. The present study is to investigate how different levels of cognitive loads modulate postural control in older women with LBP. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Twenty older women with LBP were recruited into the LBP group, and 20 healthy older women without the history of LBP were recruited into the healthy control group. Balance parameters were computed to quantify postural control. All participants underwent the balance test , which required the participant to maintain stability during standing on a force platform with or without a concurrent cognitive task. The balance test included three levels of difficulties of posture tasks (eyes-open vs. eyes-closed vs. and one-leg stance) and three cognitive tasks (without cognitive task vs. auditory arithmetic task vs. serial-7s arithmetic task). Results: A repeated-measure analysis of variance (3 postural tasks × 3 congnitive tasks× 2 groups) testing the effects of the different congnitive task levels on the performance in different postural conditions.Older women with LBP had worse postural control (as reflected by larger center of pressure (COP) parameters) than control group regardless of postural or cognitive difficulties. Compared with the single task, the COP parameters of participants with LBP were larger during dual tasks, even though the difficulty level of the cognitive task was low. Larger COP parameters were shown only if the difficulty level of the cognitive task was high in control group. Correlations between sway area/sway length and the number of falls were significant in dual tasks. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on how cognitive loads modulate postural control for older women with LBP. Compared with control group, cognitive loads showed more disturbing effects on postural control in older women with LBP, which was associated with falling.
Statistical methods for the analysis of adverse event data in randomised controlled trials: a scoping review and taxonomy
Authors: Phillips Rachel , Sauzet Odile , Cornelius Victoria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundStatistical methods for the analysis of harm outcomes in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are rarely used, and there is a reliance on simple approaches to display information such as in frequency tables. We aimed to identify whether any statistical methods had been specifically developed to analyse prespecified secondary harm outcomes and non-specific emerging adverse events (AEs).MethodsA scoping review was undertaken to identify articles that proposed original methods or the original application of existing methods for the analysis of AEs that aimed to detect potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in phase II-IV parallel controlled group trials. Methods where harm outcomes were the (co)-primary outcome were excluded.Information was extracted on methodological characteristics such as: whether the method required the event to be prespecified or could be used to screen emerging events; and whether it was applied to individual events or the overall AE profile. Each statistical method was appraised and a taxonomy was developed for classification.ResultsForty-four eligible articles proposing 73 individual methods were included. A taxonomy was developed and articles were categorised as: visual summary methods (8 articles proposing 20 methods); hypothesis testing methods (11 articles proposing 16 methods); estimation methods (15 articles proposing 24 methods); or methods that provide decision-making probabilities (10 articles proposing 13 methods). Methods were further classified according to whether they required a prespecified event (9 articles proposing 12 methods), or could be applied to emerging events (35 articles proposing 61 methods); and if they were (group) sequential methods (10 articles proposing 12 methods) or methods to perform final/one analyses (34 articles proposing 61 methods). ConclusionsThis review highlighted that a broad range of methods exist for AE analysis. Immediate implementation of some of these could lead to improved inference for AE data in RCTs. For example, a well-designed graphic can be an effective means to communicate complex AE data and methods appropriate for counts, time-to-event data and that avoid dichotomising continuous outcomes can improve efficiencies in analysis. Previous research has shown that adoption of such methods in the scientific press is limited and that strategies to support change are needed.
Effect of different thermal stimuli on improving microcirculation in the contralateral foot
Authors: Ren Weiyan , Xu Liqiang , Zheng Xuan , Pu Fang , Li Deyu , Fan Yubo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: The lower extremities of the body often suffer from impaired microcirculation, particularly in the elderly or people with underlying conditions such as diabetes. Especially for people suffering from peripheral vascular diseases, skin lesions or wearing an external fixator in one side of limbs, direct contact treatments are not suitable for them to improve microcirculation. Heating the contralateral limb has been reported to improve blood flow in the impaired limb. However, its effect on plantar microvascular responses has not been previously investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore how heating by warm bath and infrared radiation affects the circulations in the contralateral foot. Twelve healthy adults participated in this study and were randomly assigned to either placing the left foot in a warm bath or exposing it to infrared radiation for 10 minutes intervention every other day. The skin temperature (Temp) and skin blood flow (SBF) in the second metatarsal head of the contralateral foot were measured before and after the intervention.Results: The results showed that both Temp (Bath: from 29.05±3.56 °С to 31.03±4.14 °С; Infrared: from 29.98±3.86 °С to 31.07±3.92 °С) and SBF (Bath: from 62.26±48.12 PU to 97.76±63.90 PU; Infrared: from 63.37±39.88 PU to 85.27±47.62 PU) in the contralateral foot were significantly increased after heating in both tests (P<0.05). However, the contralateral SBF increased for 5 minutes after heating in warm bath test, but only for 1 minute in infrared radiation test.Conclusions: The results of this study show that both heating methods are the effective at increasing contralateral Temp and SBF, but the warm bath has a stronger residual thermal effect.
Dietary protein is the strong predictor of coronary artery disease; a data mining approach
Authors: Soflaei Sara Saffar , Shamsara Elham , Sahranavard Toktam , Esmaily Habibollah , Moohebati Mohsen , Shabani Niloofar , Asadi Zahra , Tajfard Mohammad , Ferns Gordon A , Mobarhan Majid Ghayour 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Diet is known to contribute to CAD risk, and the dietary intake of specific macro- or micro-nutrients might be potential predictors of CAD risk. Machine learning methods may be helpful in the analysis of the contribution of several parameters in dietary including macro- and micro-nutrients to CAD risk. Here we aimed to determine the most important dietary factors for predicting CAD.Methods: A total of 273 cases with more than 50% obstruction in at least one coronary artery and 443 healthy controls who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were entered into the study. All dietary intakes were adjusted for energy intake. The QUEST method was applied to determine the diagnosis pattern of CAD.Results: A total of 34 dietary variables obtained from the FFQ were entered into the initial study analysis, of these variables 23 were significantly associated with CAD according to t-tests. Of these 23 dietary input variables, adjusted protein, manganese, biotin, zinc and cholesterol remained in the model. According to our tree, only protein intake could identify the patients with coronary artery stenosis according to angiography from healthy participant up to 80%. The dietary intake of manganese was the second most important variable. The accuracy of the tree was 84.36% for the training dataset and 82.94% for the testing dataset.Conclusion: Among several dietary macro- and micro-nutrients , a combination of protein, manganese, biotin, zinc and cholesterol could predict the presence of CAD in individuals undergoing angiography.
Comparison and Interpretation of Characteristics of Rhizosphere Microbiomes of Three Blueberry Varieties
Authors: zhang Yan , Wang Wei , Shen Zhangjun , Wang Jingjing , Chen Yajun , Wang Dong , Liu Gang , Han Maozhen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies on the rhizosphere microbiome of various plants proved that rhizosphere microbiota carry out various vital functions, and can regulate the growth and improve the yield of plants. However, rhizosphere microbiome of commercial blueberry was only reported by a few study and remains elusive. Comparison and interpretation of the characteristics of rhizosphere microbiome of blueberry are remarkably important to maintain its health. Methods: Hence, we profiled the taxonomical, functional, and phenotypic compositions of rhizosphere microbial communities of 15 rhizosphere soil samples collected from three different blueberry varieties and five bulk soil samples, and compared our results with previous study focused on the rhizosphere microbiome of blueberry varieties. Results: Our results demonstrated significant differences in both alpha diversity and beta diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities of different blueberry varieties and bulk soil. The distribution patterns of taxonomical, functional, and phenotypic compositions of rhizosphere microbiome differ across the blueberry varieties. The rhizosphere microbial communities of three different blueberry varieties could be distinctly separated and 28 discriminative biomarkers were selected to distinguish these three blueberry varieties. Core rhizosphere microbiota for blueberry was identified, and it contained 201 OTUs, which were mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Moreover, the interactions between OTUs of blueberry rhizosphere microbial communities were explored by a co-occurrence network of OTUs from an ecological perspective. Conclusions: This pilot study explored the characteristics of blueberry’s rhizosphere microbial community, such as the beneficial microorganisms and core microbiome, and provided an integrative perspective on blueberry’s rhizosphere microbiome, which beneficial to blueberry health and production.
Factors Associated with Uptake of De-Worming Drugs During Pregnancy Among Women of Reproductive Age in Tanzania; An Analysis of Data from the 2015-16 Tanzania HIV and Malaria Indicators Survey
Authors: Yinglan Li , Bankanie Vicent , Moshi Fabiola Vincent 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundUptake of deworming drugs is one of the important antenatal strategies in preventing anaemia in pregnancy. Little is known about the factors associated with uptake of the de-worming drugs. This study aimed at identifying the factors associated with the uptake of de-worming drugs during pregnancy among women of reproductive age.Method: The study used data from the 2015-16 Tanzania HIV Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey (2015-16 TDHS-MIS). A total of 6924 women of active reproductive age from 15 to 49 were included in the analysis. Both univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with uptake of deworming drugs among women of reproductive age in Tanzania.Results: Majority of interviewed women 3864(60.1%) took deworming drug while a total of 2560(39.9%) did not take deworming drugs. After controlling for confounders, factors associated with uptake of deworming drugs were early antenatal booking, (AOR=1.404 at 95% CI=1.24-1.59,p<0.001); age group of a woman [20 to 34years (AOR=1.382 at 95% CI=1.125-1.696, p=0.002), more than 34years (AOR=1.287 at 95% CI=1.004-1.65, p=0.046)] age less than 20 years was a reference population; rural residence (AOR=1.53 at 95% CI=1.099-2.128,p=0.012); wealth index [middle (AOR=1.151 at 95% CI=1.003-1.32,p=0.044), rich (AOR=1.378 at 95% CI=1.185-1.602, p<0.001) poor was a reference population; level of education [higher level (AOR=2.455 at 95% CI=1.189-5.067,p=0.015)] no formal education was a reference population; parity [para 5 and above (AOR=0.993 at 95% CI=0.824-1.197,p<0.001)] para one was the reference population; zones [Mainland rural (AOR=0.439 at 95% CI=0.307-0.628,p<0.001), Zanzibar Island (AOR=0.22 at 95% CI=0.158-0.306, p<0.001) and Pemba Island AOR=0.493 at 95% CI=0.337-0.723, p<0.001.ConclusionFactors associated with uptake of deworming drugs were early antenatal booking, age group, rural residence, zonal residence, wealth index, level of education, and parity. Considering the outcomes of anaemia in pregnancy, clinicians should consider all the modifiable factors affecting the uptake of the deworming drugs during pregnancy to every woman of reproductive age before and after conception. Whenever possible, it should be done even beyond antenatal clinics.
Antenatal Care Users, Health Care Providers’ Perception and Experience on Antenatal Care Health Education: Qualitative Study at Five Public Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Woldeyohannes Fikirte Woldeselassie , Modiba LM 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Providing antenatal care health education is one of the elements that promote the health of women by preventing pregnancy-related issues and assisting pregnant women to apprehend delivery preparedness and complications readiness plan. However, healthcare providers offer underprovided and too little information to women. Moreover, assessment of health care provider’s health education interventions in antenatal care services has not yet been studied in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to explore and describe perceptions and experiences of pregnant women and health care providers’ health education during antenatal care.Methods: A Qualitative phenomenological research design was used to explore the awareness and experience of pregnant women and health care providers of antenatal health education at deliberately selected health centers. Focused group discussions and key informant interviews were used to gather data using an interview guide from pregnant women and health care providers working at antenatal care from June 20-30, 2018 respectively.Results: The qualitative findings have shown that the provision of antenatal care health education is insufficient. Especially there is health care provider misunderstand birth preparedness and complication readiness health education. Factors such as time, work overload, and personal perceptions of health care professionals, women's duty at home, and a growing number of clients influence the delivery of antenatal care health education.Conclusions: In general antenatal care, health education provided by health professionals during antenatal care was inadequate and affected by various factors. Therefore, the researcher of this study recommends that policy makers and programmers to develop a strategy to strengthen health education in the antenatal care service that will contribute to health education is critical in the prevention of maternal mortality and morbidity related to pregnancy danger signs awareness problem.
Brain-Restricted mTOR Inhibition with Binary Pharmacology
Authors: Shokat Kevan , Zhang Ziyang , Fan Qi-Wen , Luo Xujun , Lou Kevin , Weiss William 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
On-target-off-tissue drug engagement is an important source of adverse effects that constrains the therapeutic window of drug candidates. In diseases of the central nervous system, drugs with brain-restricted pharmacology are highly desirable. Here we report a strategy to achieve inhibition of mTOR while sparing mTOR activity elsewhere through the use of a brain-permeable mTOR inhibitor RapaLink-1 and brain-impermeable FKBP12 ligand RapaBlock. We show that this drug combination mitigates the systemic effects of mTOR inhibitors but retains the efficacy of RapaLink-1 in glioblastoma xenografts. We further present a general method to design cell-permeable, FKBP12-dependent kinase inhibitors from known drug scaffolds. These inhibitors are sensitive to deactivation by RapaBlock enabling the brain-restricted inhibition of their respective kinase targets.
Soil Quality Evaluation Under Different Land Use Types in Kersa Sub-watershed, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Tefera Yared Mulat , Tehaye kibebew Kibret , Bedadi Bobe Bobe , Kedir Muktar Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:soil quality, which can be inferred using indicators that interact synergistically, is affected by land use types and agricultural management practices. This study assessed the status of soil quality under three adjacent land uses (cultivated, grazing, and fallow) in Kersa sub watershed (622 ha). Soil samples were collected from the surface soil (0-20 cm depth) of the identified land uses with three replications and the soil quality parameters were analysed. A minimum data set of soil quality indicators were selected from physical, chemical, and biological parameters using the literature review and expert opinion method. Linear scoring functions were used to give unit less score for the selected data sets, which were then integrated into a soil quality index (SQI).Results:The results revealed that bulk density, aggregate stability, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), available P, and soil organic carbon(SOC) had a significant difference in SQI among the different land uses. The soil quality indices were 0.69 for grazing land, 0.62 for cultivated land, and 0.59 for the fallow land. The SQI of all the land uses fall in the intermediate soil quality (0.55 < SQI < 0.70) class.Conclusion:In almost all the quality indicators assessed, the grazing land was superior to the cultivated and fallow lands. Therefore, implementing management practices that enhance soil quality is imperative for sustainable agricultural production in the study area.
Mycorrhizal fungi transfer nitrogen from tree to maize in subsistence farmers' fields
Authors: Dierks Janina , Blaser-Hart Wilma , Gamper Hannes , Six Johan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Trees within farmers' fields can enhance systems' longer-term productivity e.g., via nutrient amelioration, which is indispensable to attain sustainable agroecosystems. While arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to improve plant access to soil nutrients, the potential of AMF to facilitate nutrient transfer from trees to crops is unclear. We used the 15N (nitrogen) natural abundance technique together with root and AMF exclusion plots to assess if Faidherbia albida (faidherbia) trees deliver N to maize via associated AMF in smallholder fields. We show, here, that within one cropping season, maize obtained approximately 35 kg biologically fixed N ha-1 from faidherbia and AMF significantly contribute to this transfer of N. One third of tree-derived N in maize leaves was attributed to transfer via AMF and two thirds were explained by tree leaf litter input. Thus, the faidherbia-AMF association can enhance agroecosystem functioning and as such, attain greater sustainability of low-input cropping systems.
Seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 in rheumatic patients on synthetic and biologics Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Santana Felipe M , Lopes Jaqueline B , Perez Mariana O , Campana Gustavo , Levi José Eduardo , Lopes Flávia PPL , Gebara Otávio , Cobra Jayme F , Figueiredo Camille P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction - To date, there is a lack of information on how immunomodulatory drugs for autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) impair humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Hence, we examined anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM positivity in ARD patients on disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).Methods - We conducted a prospective study with ARD patients on different synthetic or biologic DMARDs (sDMARDs or bDMARDs) and control patients without DMARDs. All patients underwent a clinical baseline interview. They were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM at baseline and three months later. Patients were monitored for incident respiratory symptoms during the follow-up. rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was performed for suspected COVID-19 infection. A univariate analysis was conducted according to antibody positivity to find significant associations for seroconversion.Results - We included one hundred patients for the analysis. Half of the patients who turned IgG positive in the study remained asymptomatic. All positive rRT-PCR patients showed seroconversion for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. A borderline significant association was found for bDMARD use in IgG-positive patients (42.9% vs. 19.8%, p=0.056). On the other hand, none of the patients on non-antimalarial sDMARD had detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG compared to 35.4% of the remainder of the sample, reaching borderline statistical significance (0.0% vs. 35.4%, p=0.050).Conclusions - Serology for COVID-19 yielded a 14% incidence in our sample, half evolving asymptomatically. Temporally withholding bDMARD therapy in ARD patients during the pandemic based on possible humoral response impairment is not suitable. sDMARD was associated with a lower incidence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity, and further studies on this possible impact are warranted.
A Low-Power Biomimetic Crypto Engine for All-In-One IoT based on Programmable and Multifunctional MoS2 FETs
Authors: Dodda Akhil , Das Saptarshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the emerging era of internet of things (IoT), ubiquitous sensors continuously collect, consume, store, and communicate an astonishing volume of information, which are becoming increasingly vulnerable to theft and misuse. Modern software crypto systems are powerful but require extensive computational infrastructure for implementing ciphering algorithms making it difficult to be adopted by IoT edge sensors that operate with limited hardware resources and at miniscule energy budgets. Here we propose, and experimentally demonstrate a low-power, biomimetic, crypto system integrated with IoT edge sensor based on an array of atomically thin, multifunctional, and programmable MoS2 field effect transistors (FETs). We show that the information received by a MoS2 photodetector and encrypted by a population of MoS2 based reconfigurable artificial neural encoders is secure from an eavesdropper with finite resources. We also show that our all-in-one IoT platform consumes miniscule energy in the range of tens to hundreds of pico Joules, has a small hardware footprint, and combines sensing, non-volatile storage, and security, for the first time.