bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breed differences in macrophage infiltration and senescence state in adipose tissues of Wagyu and Holsteins
Authors: Yamada Tomoya , Kamiya Mituru , Higuchi Mikito 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObesity stimulates the macrophage infiltration and senescence state in adipose tissues of humans and rodents. The adipogenesis capacity of Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) is higher than that of Holsteins. We hypothesized that breed differences between Wagyu and Holsteins may affect the level of macrophage infiltration and senescence state in adipose tissues. The macrophage infiltration, senescence marker gene expression and activity of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐βgal) in visceral and intramuscular adipose tissue of Wagyu were higher than those of Holsteins. In contrast, there were no differences in macrophage infiltration, senescence marker gene expression and activity of SA‐βgal in subcutaneous adipose tissue between the breeds. Expression of p53 gene, the master regulator of macrophage infiltration and senescence state, in visceral and intramuscular adipose tissue of Wagyu was higher than that of Holsteins. In contrast, there was no difference in the expression of p53 gene in subcutaneous adipose tissue between the breeds. These results suggest that breed differences in macrophage infiltration and senescence state in adipose tissues of Wagyu and Holsteins are affected by p53 expression.
Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and lamb marking in South Australian sheep flocks
Authors: Lanyon SR , O'Handley RM 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveToxoplasmosis in sheep has negative impacts on reproductive performance. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence in Toxoplasma gondii infection in the South Australian sheep population, and assess any association between within‐flock prevalence and reproductive efficiency (measured by lamb marking percentage), climatic region and rainfall.MethodsA total of 875 individual mixed‐age breeding ewes from 29 South Australian properties were blood sampled with an average of 30.2 ewes per property (min 28, max 32). Sera were tested for T. gondii‐specific IgG antibody using a commercial Modified Agglutination Test kit.ResultsOverall, 209 of 875 (23.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.3% to 31.4%) of individual ewes tested seropositive for T. gondii‐specific IgG antibodies, with a flock level seroprevalence of 28/29 (96.6%, 95% CI 96.6% to 100%). On individual farms, the seroprevalence ranged from 0% to 93.3%. Analysis showed that Kangaroo Island properties had significantly higher mean seroprevalence than any mainland climatic regions, and that the mainland regions did not significantly differ from each other. Linear regression revealed a significant association between seroprevalence and lamb marking percentage, with a slope of −5.4% lamb marking per +10% seroprevalence.
The limits of direct modulation of emotion for moral enhancement
Authors: Carman Mary 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAssuming that moral enhancement is morally permissible, I contend that a more careful theoretical treatment of emotion and the affective landscape is needed to advance both our understanding and the prospects of interventions aimed at moral enhancement. Using Douglas’ proposal for the direct modulation of counter‐moral emotions as a foil for discussion, I argue that the direct modulation of emotion fails to address underlying aspects of an agent’s psychology that will give rise to a range of counter‐moral motives beyond the emotion that is targeted. This is because the direct modulation of emotion does not accommodate the fact that an emotional episode or emotional disposition is part of a network of other dispositions and responses, against a backdrop of our having cares and goals, as well as other cognitive content that can mediate how we apprehend a situation. By focusing on emotion rather than on moral capacity as other critiques have done, I thus argue that direct modulation is likely to be ineffective, and, more positively, by drawing out patterns of connections across the affective landscape, we can better tease out what it is that we should really be targeting if we are to achieve robust and meaningful moral change.
Reverse Inclusion: Black Francophones in the Interface between Anti‐Black Racism and Linguicism
Authors: Madibbo Amal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, I contend that first generation of Black African Francophone immigrants in Canada regress through the three phases of immigration, which are settlement, adaptation, and integration. This plight occurs while immigrants ought to be progressing from a phase of immigration to a succeeding one. It is generated by linguicism and anti‐Black racism that afflict Black Francophones. Settlement is largely successful, adaption is largely a failure, while integration is completely a failure. This critical analysis problematizes a quandary about Canada and paves the way for implementing mechanism to improve the inclusion of Black Francophones.
Far‐Right Framing Processes on Social Media: The Case of the Canadian and Quebec Chapters of Soldiers of Odin
Authors: Gagnon Audrey 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, Canada has witnessed an increase in visibility of far‐right groups and activities. This phenomenon is particularly interesting as it contrasts with the broader Canadian context of acceptance of immigrants and support for multiculturalism. How do far‐right groups represent themselves and their claims to the public considering the dominant discursive environment in which they operate? Moreover, are far‐right groups’ discourse and rhetoric marked by contextual differences? This paper analyzes the way the distinct Canadian and Quebec chapters of the vigilante group Soldiers of Odin (SOO) use their public Facebook pages, comparatively. This research demonstrates that both SOO chapters negotiate their self‐representation by employing cultural elements that are salient and meaningful in their respective sociopolitical contexts and that can be exploited to infer motivations.
Mapping the body, voicing the margins: Using body maps to understand children’s embodied experiences of violence in Kingston, Jamaica
Authors: D’souza Nicole A. , Guzder Jaswant , Hickling Frederick , Groleau Danielle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study explores how children in an inner‐city community of Jamaica deal with everyday violence. Using an art‐based method called body mapping, we explored the ways children made sense of issues related to power, vulnerability, risk and resilience. The findings show how children's narratives and memories of their bodies merged with broader social and cultural structures governing their lives. Expressing their embodied experiences through the body mapping exercise, the children challenged and resisted normative sociocultural schemes of how they should be in the world by creating, re‐envisioning and re‐contextualising their bodies via a method that engaged with affective modes of knowledge.
The crosstalk between lncRNAs and the Hippo signalling pathway in cancer progression
Authors: Tu Chao , Yang Kexin , Wan Lu , He Jieyu , Qi Lin , Wang Wanchun , Lu Qiong , Li Zhihong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLncRNAs play a pivotal role in the regulation of epigenetic modification, cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation, migration and other physiological activities. In particular, considerable studies have shown that the aberrant expression and dysregulation of lncRNAs are widely implicated in cancer initiation and progression by acting as tumour promoters or suppressors. Hippo signalling pathway has attracted researchers’ attention as one of the critical cancer‐related pathways in recent years. Increasing evidences have demonstrated that lncRNAs could interact with Hippo cascade and thereby contribute to acquisition of multiple malignant hallmarks, including proliferation, metastasis, relapse and resistance to anti‐cancer treatment. Specifically, Hippo signalling pathway is reported to modulate or be regulated by widespread lncRNAs. Intriguingly, certain lncRNAs could form a reciprocal feedback loop with Hippo signalling. More speculatively, lncRNAs related to Hippo pathway have been poised to become important putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human cancers. Herein, this review focuses on the crosstalk between lncRNAs and Hippo pathway in carcinogenesis, summarizes the comprehensive role of Hippo‐related lncRNAs in tumour progression and depicts their clinical diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic potentials in tumours.
Lesion‐targeted cytology to improve cytological sampling for atypical polypoid adenomyomas of the uterus: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Omori Makiko , Kawai Masataka , Ogawa Tatsuyuki , Sasatsu Satoko , Fukasawa Hiroko , Nakazawa Kumiko , Kondo Tetsuo , Hirata Shuji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveAtypical polypoid adenomyomas (APAs) are uncommon tumours consisting of atypical endometrioid glands and fibromyomatous stroma. Identifying the biphasic nature of atypical glandular components and spindle mesenchymal components without atypia is crucial for the cytological diagnosis of APA. We investigated the utility of lesion‐targeted cytology (LTC) to directly collect firm spindle components.MethodsWe recruited seven consecutive surgical patients who underwent cytological examinations before surgery and were diagnosed with APA on postoperative histological examinations. Cytological smears were obtained by routine sampling in five cases and by targeted sampling using transvaginal ultrasonography, that is, LTC, in two cases. We retrospectively analysed the cytological findings from our cases and compared them to those of APA cases previously reported in the English literature.ResultsAmong 5/7 cases that involved routine cytological sampling, normal cytological findings were found in 2 and atypical glandular cells were found in 3, but spindle cells from mesenchymal components were not detected. In contrast, among 2/7 cases in which sampling involved LTC, spindle cells without atypia, in addition to atypical glandular cells were found.ConclusionsLesion‐targeted cytology is useful to assess mesenchymal components of APAs and may improve the cytological diagnosis of APA.
Endocrinology and immunology of acne: Two sides of the same coin
Authors: Zouboulis Christos C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCurrent experimental research on acne pathophysiology has revealed a more complicated background than the classically reported four‐factor aetiology. Cells of the pilosebaceous unit, which represent the template for the development of acne lesions, seem to be parallelly affected by endocrinological/metabolic factors as well as inflammatory/immunological ones that cooperate in sebocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. Indeed, the unique programme of sebocyte terminal differentiation and death, the so called holocrine secretion, is influenced by inflammatory and metabolic (lipid) signalling with common denominator the selective regulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors. Autophagy provides substrates for energy generation and biosynthesis of new cell structure proteins contributing to the normally increased sebaceous gland metabolic functions, which are also regulated by extracellular calcium signalling, essential lipids and hormones. The ultimate differentiation product of human sebocytes, sebum, co‐regulates the inflammatory sebocyte status. Sebum composition is controlled among others by Propionibacterium acnes and other bacteria, sexual hormones, neuropeptides, endogenous opioids and environmental agents, which may function as endocrine disruptors. Diet may also be an important source of substrates for the synthesis of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory sebaceous lipids. Sebum changes might induce inflammation and initiate underlying immune mechanisms leading to acne lesions. Current new therapeutic efforts on acne concentrate on anti‐inflammatory/immunologically active concepts, which are able to regulate sebaceous lipogenesis. At last, current molecular studies based on published molecular data sets confirmed the major role of inflammation in acne development.
Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia
Authors: Ong Chulee , Deprés Gabrielle , Hollebecq Jean‐Eudes , Shaiffudin Hishamudin Mohammad O. , Kamaruddin Norfaryanti , Anugerah Adhe R. , Amir Mustafa Amira N. , Roda Jean‐Marc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the context of climate change, sustainable biorefinery helps to mitigate carbon emissions. This paper examines how landscape structure metrics allow us to better understand the economics of agricultural and forestry wastes transportation. To verify that the landscape structure plays a significant role, we quantify the fragmentation of various lignocellulosic feedstock in Malaysia, as a typical tropical country. Fragmentation is compared with the variations of truck size, transport distance, and biomass nature. We use GRASS GIS to develop a series of transport cost maps, to quantify feedstocks, to run various biomass transport simulations, optimize locations of potential biorefineries, and to compute landscape structure metrics. We find that the cost of 1 million tonnes feedstock increases by more than 4 USD/tonne for every added unit of edge density (fragmentation index). It also increases by more than 6 USD/tonne for every added 100 km of average transportation. The average truck size has also a strong nonlinear relation to the cost with −84 USD/tonne when changing from 3‐ to 26‐tonne trucks. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to address simultaneously fragmentation with the other classical logistic factors in a tropical country like Malaysia. It has strong implications for policymakers: the importance of the landscape structure makes a seemingly abundant biomass not viable for biorefineries if too fragmented compared to a much less abundant one, but more concentrated. It also implies that in tropical countries where the landscape is typically very fragmented, multi‐crop feedstocks could be considered for sustainable biorefineries.
Optimizing serum total carbon dioxide concentration during short and nocturnal frequent hemodialysis using lactate as dialysate buffer base
Authors: Leypoldt John K. , Kraus Michael A. , Collins Allan J. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionDefinitive clinical studies to determine the optimal dialysate lactate concentration to prescribe during frequent hemodialysis when using the NxStage System One dialysis delivery system at low dialysate flow rates have not been reported.MethodsWe used clinical data from patients who transferred from in‐center thrice‐weekly hemodialysis (ICHD) to daily home hemodialysis using the NxStage System One and the H+ mobilization model to calculate acid generation rates in patient sub‐groups during the FREEDOM study. Assuming those acid generation rates were representative, we then predicted using the H+ mobilization model the effect of using dialysate lactate concentrations of 40 and 45 mEq/L on predialysis serum total carbon dioxide (tCO2) concentrations in patients who transfer from ICHD to short and nocturnal frequent hemodialysis prescriptions used in current clinical practice; the prescriptions evaluated varied by treatment frequency, dialysate volume per treatment, and treatment times.FindingsWith frequencies of four to six treatments per week and treatment times of 170 to 210 minutes per treatment, the effect of dialysate lactate concentration was primarily dependent on weekly dialysate volume. For weekly dialysate volumes of 150 to 160 L per week, use of dialysate lactate concentrations of 45 mEq/L, but not 40 mEq/L, resulted in an increase of predialysis serum tCO2 concentration. When longer treatment times typical of nocturnal frequent hemodialysis were evaluated, model predictions showed that the use of dialysate lactate concentration of 45 mEq/L may not be appropriate for many patients because of excessive increases in predialysis serum tCO2 concentration. Reducing dialysate volume from 60 to 30 L may limit the increase in predialysis serum tCO2 concentration when patients transfer from ICHD to nocturnal frequent hemodialysis.DiscussionPredictions from the H+ mobilization model show that dialysate lactate concentration and weekly dialysate volume are the primary prescription parameters for optimizing predialysis serum tCO2 concentration during short and nocturnal frequent hemodialysis.
Obstacles to compassion‐giving among nursing and midwifery managers: an international study
Authors: Papadopoulos I. , Lazzarino R. , Koulouglioti C. , Aagard M. , Akman Ö. , Alpers L.‐M. , Apostolara P. , Araneda Bernal J. , Biglete‐Pangilinan S. , Eldar‐Regev O. , González‐Gil M.T. , Kouta C. , Krepinska R. , Lesińska‐Sawicka M. , Liskova M. , Lopez‐Diaz A. L. , Malliarou M. , Martín‐García Á. , Muñoz‐Salinas M. , Nagórska M. , Ngunyulu R.N. , Nissim S. , Nortvedt L. , Oconer‐Rubiano M.F. , Oter‐Quintana C. , Öztürk C. , Papp K. , Piratoba‐Hernandez B. , Rousou E. , Tolentino‐Diaz M. Y. , Tothova V. , Zorba A. 
Published: August 2020

AimTo explore nursing and midwifery managers’ views regarding obstacles to compassion‐giving across country cultures.BackgroundThe benefit of compassionate leadership is being advocated, but despite the fact that health care is invariably conducted within culturally diverse workplaces, the interconnection of culture, compassion and leadership is rarely addressed. Furthermore, evidence on how cultural factors hinder the expression of compassion among nursing and midwifery managers is lacking.MethodsCross‐sectional, exploratory, international online survey involving 1 217 participants from 17 countries. Managers’ responses on open‐ended questions related to barriers for providing compassion were entered and thematically analysed through NVivo.ResultsThree key themes related to compassion‐giving obstacles emerged across countries: 1. related to the managers’ personal characteristics and experiences; 2. system‐related; and 3. staff‐related.ConclusionsObstacles to compassion‐giving among managers vary across countries. An understanding of the variations across countries and cultures of what impedes compassion to flourish in health care is important.Implications for nursing practice and policyNursing mangers should wisely use their power by adopting leadership styles that promote culturally competent and compassionate workplaces with respect for human rights. Policymakers should identify training and mentoring needs to enable the development of managers’ practical wisdom. Appropriate national and international policies should facilitate the establishment of standards and guidelines for compassionate leadership, in the face of distorted organizational cultures and system‐related obstacles to compassion‐giving.
Microbiological profile and antimicrobial resistance among diabetic foot infections in Lebanon
Authors: Jouhar Lamia , Jaafar Rola F. , Nasreddine Rakan , Itani Omar , Haddad Fady , Rizk Nisrine , Hoballah Jamal J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDiabetic Foot Infection (DFI) is a challenging complication of diabetes mellitus with a high burden in the Middle East where there is a marked increase in diabetes prevalence and complications. Early detection of DFI and the infectious organisms could result in the early initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy and improved outcomes. DFI microbiological profiles differ between countries. In our region, Western guidelines are used when initiating treatment for DFI in the absence of local guidance. The purpose of our study was to determine the microbiologic profile and antimicrobial susceptibility of the DFI admissions at a large tertiary referral centre in Beirut and review other reported series in Lebanon and our region. This is a retrospective observational study of patients with DFI admitted to the American University of Beirut Medical Centre from January 2008 to June 2017. The bacteriologic isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed according to standard microbiological methods. Between 2008 and 2017, 319 diabetic patients with DFU were admitted to AUBMC, and deep‐tissue cultures were taken for 179 patients. From 179 deep tissue cultures, 314 bacterial isolates were obtained. Fifty‐four percent of patients had the polymicrobial infection. Aerobic gram‐negative rods (GNR) were more prevalent than gram‐positive cocci (GPC) (55%, 39%, respectively). The most common isolate was Escherichia coli (15%) followed by Enterococcus (14%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%). Staphylococcus aureus isolates accounted for 9% with 50% of them being methicillin‐resistant (MRSA). Among Enterobacteriaceae, 37% of isolates were fluoroquinolone‐resistant, 25% were ESBL producers, and 2% were carbapenem‐resistant. Antibiotic resistance was significantly associated with prior usage of antibiotics. Anaerobes were isolated in 1% and Candida species in 5% of isolates. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of swab culture recovery of pathogens compared with deep tissue culture were (76%, 72%, 76%, 72%) and (94%, 81%, 91%, 86%) for gram‐positive and gram‐negative organisms, respectively. The microbiological profile of DFI in Lebanon is comparable to other countries in the MENA region with big differences compared with the West. Therefore, it is imperative to develop local guidelines for antimicrobial treatment. The high prevalence of GNR in DFI and the high fluoroquinolone resistance should be taken into consideration when choosing empiric antibiotics. Empiric treatment for MRSA or Pseudomonas does not appear necessary except for patients with specific risk factors.
Utility of azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclosporine as steroid‐sparing agents in chronic alopecia areata: a retrospective study of continuation rates in 138 patients
Authors: Lai V.W.Y. , Sinclair R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe management of chronic alopecia areata (CAA) is challenging. There is currently no therapy that produces consistent successful hair regrowth. Systemic therapies, including prednisolone and steroid‐sparing agents (SSA), are often tried in patients with CAA. As there are no head‐to‐head clinical trials that compare efficacy of one SSA over another, retrospective studies of treatment in clinical practice may help guide clinical practice.ObjectiveTo investigate the utility of SSAs in the treatment of AA.MethodsAn electronic medical records search identified patients with AA and those prescribed azathioprine, cyclosporine or methotrexate between 2002 and 2019. Type of AA, treatment duration, reason for cessation, use of concurrent prednisolone, dose of prednisolone and duration of prednisolone use were recorded. The primary outcome was SSA continuation rate at 6 and 12 months.ResultsA total of 852 AA patients were identified, among whom 138 patients had been treated with azathioprine, methotrexate or cyclosporine. Of these 138 patients treated with a SSA, 92 (66.7%) continued treatment for at least 12 months: 75.3% (55/73) of azathioprine users, 50% (11/22) of methotrexate users and 60.5% (26/43) of cyclosporine users. At 12 months, 67.3% of azathioprine users required concurrent prednisolone at a mean dose of 5.6 mg daily, 63.6% of methotrexate users required prednisolone at a mean dose of 5 mg daily and 57.7% of cyclosporine users required prednisolone at a mean dose of 8.7 mg daily. The SSA was ceased due to an adverse event in 15.9% of patients and a lack of efficacy in 17.4%.ConclusionThe most well‐utilized SSA for CAA patients at our clinic was azathioprine. This study highlights that most CAA patients who commence treatment with azathioprine, methotrexate or cyclosporine continue that treatment for at least 12 months and most require concurrent low‐dose prednisolone to maintain remission or promote continued hair regrowth.