bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing carbonyl compounds and their sources in Fuzhou ambient air, southeast of China
Authors: He Zhen , Zhang Xin , Li Yunfeng , Zhong Xuefen , Li Hong , Gao Rui , Li Jinjuan 
Published: November 2020

In recent years, ozone (O3) concentrations in the southeastern coastal areas of China have shown a gradual upward trend. As precursors and intermediates in the formation of O3, carbonyl compounds play key roles in the atmospheric photochemical oxidation cycle. To explore the main pollution characteristics of carbonyl compounds in a typical coastal city in southeast China, ambient samples were collected in Fuzhou (the provincial capital of Fujian province, located on the southeast coast of China) and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The study was continuously carried out at an urban site (Jinjishan) and a suburban site (Gushan) in Fuzhou from May 8 to 20, 2018. The total concentration of 16 carbonyl compounds at the urban site was 15.45 ± 11.18 ppbv, and the total concentration at the suburban site was 17.57 ± 12.77 ppbv. Formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde, and acetone were the main species detected in the samples, and acetone had the highest concentration among the species detected. The suburban site had a higher formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio and lower acetaldehyde/propionaldehyde ratio than the urban site, implying that biogenic sources potentially contributed to the carbonyl compound concentrations at the suburban site. The results of an observation-based model showed that anthropogenic hydrocarbons promoted HCHO production on May 17 at the urban site. Compared to biogenic emissions, anthropogenic activity is a more important source of carbonyl compounds.
Famotidine: a supplemental drug for the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Dannon PN , Lepkifker E , Iancu I , Ziv R , Horesh N , Kotler M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn an open-label study, famotidine was added to the regular neuroleptic regimen of 11 schizophrenic patients for 4 weeks. Each patient was scored weekly with SAPS, SANS, CGI and HAM-D-17 scales. The results suggest that famotidine is indeed effective as an adjunctive drug to neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Responsiveness of observer rating scales by analysis of number of days until improvement in patients with major depression
Authors: Lauge N , Behnke K , Søgaard J , Bahr B , Bech P 
Published: July 2002

SummarySeveral well-known observer scales, including the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Montgomery-Åsberg Scale (MADRS), Major Depression Rating Scale (MDS), Melancholia Scale (MES), and Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) used for measuring severity of depressive states have been compared by their responsiveness in an open trial including patients treated with a combination of citalopram and mianserin. The patients fulfilled the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV criteria for major depressive episode, and all scored 18 or more on the HAM-D before treatment. Onset of antidepressant action was defined as an improvement of rating scale scores of 25% or more of pre-treatment scores. A response to treatment was defined as a reduction of 50% or more on the pre-treatment scores. The results showed that the number of treatment days until improvement was 11 to 13 with no difference between the scales. The days until response were between 18 and 21 with no difference between the scales. In conclusion, the depression scales were found to be equal in their ability to detect changes in depressive symptoms during treatment. The mean of days to response was 19 for the combination of citalopram and mianserin. This is similar to the response for the combination of fluoxetine and pinolol.
Scale Banking for Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures That Measure Functioning in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Daily Activities Metric
Authors: Prodinger Birgit , Coenen Michaela , Hammond Alison , Küçükdeveci Ayşe A. , Tennant Alan 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveFunctioning is an important outcome for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Heterogeneity of respective patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) challenges direct comparisons between their results. This study aimed to standardize reporting of such PROMs measuring functioning in RA to facilitate comparability.MethodsCommon‐item nonequivalent group design with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) as a common scale across data sets from various countries (including the UK, Turkey, and Germany) to establish a common metric was used. Other PROMs included are the physical function items of the Multidimensional HAQ (MDHAQ), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF‐36) health survey, and 4 short forms (20, 10, 6, and 4 physical function items) from the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. As the HAQ includes mobility, self‐care, and domestic life items, this study focuses on these 3 domains. PROMs were described using standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD). A Rasch measurement model was used to create the common metric.ResultsThe range of the SEM was 0.2 (MDHAQ) to 7.4 (SF‐36 health survey physical functioning domain). The SDD revealed a range from 9.7% (WOMAC rating scale) to 33.5% (WHODAS physical functioning domain). PROMs co‐calibration revealed fit to the Rasch measurement model. A transformation table was developed to allow exchange between PROM scores.ConclusionScores between the daily activity PROMs commonly used in RA can now be compared. Factors such as SEM and SDD help to determine the choice of a PROM in clinical practice and research.
Nanomaterials with Supramolecular Assembly Based on AIE Luminogens for Theranostic Applications
Authors: Song Nan , Zhang Zhijun , Liu Peiying , Yang Ying‐Wei , Wang Lei , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of the major pursuits of biomedical science is to develop advanced strategies for theranostics, which is expected to be an effective approach for achieving the transition from conventional medicine to precision medicine. Supramolecular assembly can serve as a powerful tool in the development of nanotheranostics with accurate imaging of tumors and real‐time monitoring of the therapeutic process upon the incorporation of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) ability. AIE luminogens (AIEgens) will not only enable fluorescence imaging but will also aid in improving the efficacy of therapies. Furthermore, the fluorescent signals and therapeutic performance of these nanomaterials can be manipulated precisely owing to the reversible and stimuli‐responsive characteristics of the supramolecular systems. Inspired by rapid advances in this field, recent research conducted on nanotheranostics with the AIE effect based on supramolecular assembly is summarized. Here, three representative strategies for supramolecular nanomaterials are presented as follows: a) supramolecular self‐assembly of AIEgens, b) the loading of AIEgens within nanocarriers with supramolecular assembly, and c) supramolecular macrocycle‐guided assembly via host–guest interactions. Meanwhile, the diverse applications of such nanomaterials in diagnostics and therapeutics have also been discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges of this field are listed in this review.
Preferentially Engineering FeN4 Edge Sites onto Graphitic Nanosheets for Highly Active and Durable Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Xiao Meiling , Xing Zihao , Jin Zhao , Liu Changpeng , Ge Junjie , Zhu Jianbing , Wang Ying , Zhao Xiao , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom FeN4 sites at the edges of carbon substrates are considered more active for oxygen electrocatalysis than those in plane; however, the conventional high‐temperature pyrolysis process does not allow for precisely engineering the location of the active site down to atomic level. Enlightened by theoretical prediction, herein, a self‐sacrificed templating approach is developed to obtain edge‐enriched FeN4 sites integrated in the highly graphitic nanosheet architecture. The in situ formed Fe clusters are intentionally introduced to catalyze the growth of graphitic carbon, induce porous structure formation, and most importantly, facilitate the preferential anchoring of FeN4 to its close approximation. Due to these attributes, the as‐resulted catalyst (denoted as Fe/N‐G‐SAC) demonstrates unprecedented catalytic activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by showing an impressive half‐wave potential of 0.89 V for the ORR and a small overpotential of 370 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the OER. Moreover, the Fe/N‐G‐SAC cathode displays encouraging performance in a rechargeable Zn–air battery prototype with a low charge–discharge voltage gap of 0.78 V and long‐term cyclability for over 240 cycles, outperforming the noble metal benchmarks.
Synergistic Optimization Enables Large‐Area Flexible Organic Solar Cells to Maintain over 98% PCE of the Small‐Area Rigid Devices
Authors: Wang Guodong , Zhang Jianqi , Yang Chen , Wang Yuheng , Xing Yi , Adil Muhammad Abdullah , Yang Yang , Tian Lijun , Su Ming , Shang Wuqiang , Lu Kun , Shuai Zhigang , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSlot‐die coating is generally regarded as the most effective large‐scale methodology for the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the corresponding device performance significantly lags behind spin‐coated devices. Herein, the active layer morphology, flexible substrate properties, and the processing temperature are optimized synergistically to obtain high power conversion efficiency (PCE) for both the flexible single cells and the modules. As a result, the 1 cm2 flexible devices produce an excellent PCE of 12.16% as compared to 12.37% for the spin‐coated small‐area (0.04 cm2) rigid devices. Likewise, for modules with an area of 25 cm2, an extraordinary PCE of 10.09% is observed. Hence, efficiency losses associated with the upscaling are significantly reduced by the synergistic optimization. Moreover, after 1000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 10 mm, the flexible devices still produce over 99% of their initial PCE, whereas after being stored for over 6000 h in a glove box, the PCE reaches 103% of its initial value, indicating excellent device flexibility as well as superior shelf stability. These results, thus, are a promising confirmation the great potential for upscaling of large‐area OSCs in the near future.
Nickel/Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Hydrocyanation of Alkynes with Formamide as the Cyano Source, Dehydrant, Reductant, and Solvent
Authors: Zhang Jin , Luo Cui‐Ping , Yang Luo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA Ni/Co co‐catalyzed reductive hydrocyanation of various alkynes was developed for the production of saturated nitriles. Hydrocyanic acid is generated in situ from safe and readily available formamide. Formamide played multiple roles as a cyano source, dehydrant, and reductant for the NiII pre‐catalyst and vinyl nitriles, along with acting as the co‐solvent in this reaction. Detailed mechanistic investigation supported a pathway via hydrocyanation of C≡C bond and the subsequent reduction of C=C bond. Wide substrate scope, the employment of a cheap and stable nickel salt as pre‐catalyst, a safe cyano source and convenient experimental operation render this hydrocyanation practical for the laboratory synthesis of saturated nitriles.magnified image
Family‐based Intervention for Legal System‐involved Girls: A Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Anderson Valerie R. , Rubino Laura L. , McKenna Nicole C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe increased proportion of juvenile court‐involved girls has spurred interest to implement and evaluate services to reduce girls’ system involvement. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a family‐based intervention by using a dominant sequential mixed methods evaluation approach. First, we examined quantitative data using a quasi‐experimental design to determine whether the family‐based intervention reduced recidivism among court‐involved girls. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to construct statistically equivalent groups to compare one‐year recidivism outcomes for girls who received the court‐run family‐based intervention (n = 181) to a group of girls on probation who did not receive the intervention (n = 803). Qualitative interviews (n = 39) were conducted to contextualize the quantitative findings and highlighted the circumstances that family‐focused interventions for court‐involved girls. Girls who received the program had slightly lower recidivism rates following the intervention. The qualitative findings contextualized the quasi‐experimental results by providing an explanation as to the girls’ family circumstances and insights into the mechanisms of the intervention. Results highlighted the importance of family‐focused interventions for juvenile justice‐involved girls. These findings have practical and policy implications for the use interventions—beyond the individual level—with adjudicated girls and offer suggestions for ways to improve their effectiveness using a community psychology lens. In addition, this paper includes a discussion of evaluating of juvenile court programming from a community psychology perspective including strengths, challenges, and considerations for future work in this area.
Infrared Laser Desorption and Electrospray Ionisation of Non‐Covalent Protein Complexes: Generation of Intact, Multiply Charged Species
Authors: Kooijman Pieter C. , Mathew Anjusha , Ellis Shane R. , Heeren Ron M. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a novel method enabling the infrared laser desorption and electrospray ionisation (ESI) of protein complexes in their native state. Using this method, we demonstrate the surprising generation of intact, multiply charged ions of myoglobin, non‐covalent haemoglobin complex, and intact immunoglobulin G antibody in their native states. The observation of a surviving population of intact non‐covalent complexes is characteristic of the low internal energy build‐up experienced during both laser desorption from solution and subsequent ionisation. Compared to conventional nano‐ESI, this approach yielded slightly lower average charge states suggesting additional maintenance of tertiary structure during desorption and ionisation, and is more tolerant to salts enabling simpler sample purification procedures. This approach may enable the development of high‐throughput native‐MS methods capable of analysing the composition and sequence of multiple macromolecular samples per minute.
Terpolymer with rigid side chain as filtrate reducer for water‐based drilling fluids
Authors: Li Pengpeng , Xu Yang , Liu Ying , Feng Jie , Hui Baotong , Feng Yakai , Hu Miaomiao , Guo Jintang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSynthetic copolymers as filtrate reducers for water‐based drilling fluids (WBDFs) are difficult to meet the needs of drilling engineering only by changing the type and proportion of functional groups of copolymers, especially under ultra‐high temperature and high salinity. In this study, an anionic terpolymer (named PSDI) with rigid side chain was synthesized using sodium p‐styrenesulfonate, N, N‐Dimethylacrylamide, and itaconic acid by free‐radical copolymerization. The chemical structure of PSDI was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and1H‐NMR spectrum. The high‐temperature/high‐pressure filtration loss (FLHTHP) and the American Petroleum Institute filtration loss (FLAPI) of the WBDFs containing 1.5 wt/vol% PSDI were 35.0 and 17.0 ml after thermal rolling at 240°C for 16 h, respectively. The FLHTHPand FLAPIof the WBDFs containing saturated NaCl were with control of 60.0 and 12.0 ml. The FLAPIof WBDFs containing 1.5 wt/vol% CaCl2reduced to 6.0 ml. Results indicate that the addition of PSDI can improve the anti‐high‐temperature performance and resistance to salt and calcium contamination of WBDFs. Results of rheological tests through fitting four rheological models suggest that rheological parameters can be improved as a result of forming the spatial network structure between the PSDI and bentonite flakes.
Solid–solid phase‐change materials cross‐linked by carbon quantum dots: Address leakage and high super‐cooling degree simultaneously
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Xiao Yao , Wu Bo , Lei Jingxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLeakage and super‐cooling are two main disadvantages of polyethylene glycol (PEG) when used as phase‐change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage, which seriously restrict the practical applications of the materials. In this study, we employ carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as cross‐linkers to fabricate PEG‐based solid–solid PCMs, which not only address the leakage issue of PEG during melting process, but also have much lower super‐cooling degree compared with PEG, exhibiting extraordinary thermal energy storage performance. CQDs serve as a heterogeneous nucleating agent in the crystal domains of these PEG‐based PCMs according to the characterizations. Additionally, CQDs are also beneficial to the thermal stability of the PCMs. And these PEG‐based PCMs have high phase‐change enthalpies (94.4 J/g) and applicable phase‐change temperatures (25–37°C), showing potential for thermal energy storage.
Fluorocyclization of Vinyl Azides for the Formation of 3‐Azido Heterocycles
Authors: Bai Diangang , Li Linxuan , Li Xiaomeng , Lu Ying , Wu Yong , Rajendra Prasad Reddy Bhoomireddy , Ning Yongquan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract3‐Azido saturated heterocycles are important for therapeutic‐development but challenging to prepare. Disclosed herein is a novel synthetic strategy for 3‐azido heterocycles via fluorocyclization of the easily available vinyl azides. This transfor‐mation proceeded under mild conditions and provided a wide range of 3‐azido heterocycles in good to excellent yields. Notably, the azido group plays an indispensable role to promote rapid and regioselective fluorocyclization. Moreover, the protocol was highlighted by gram‐scale synthesis and further synthetic transformations.
Different Role of Raptor and Rictor in Regulating Rasfonin‐Induced Autophagy and Apoptosis in Renal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Hou Bolin , Liu Shuchun , Li Erwei , Jiang Xuejun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBoth Raptor and Rictor are the key components in the complexes of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which play a vital role in mediating autophagy. Unlike mTOR, the regulatory role of either Raptor or Rictor in the regulation of autophagic process is relatively less explored. In present study, we found that rasfonin, which isolated from Talaromyces sp. 3656‐A1 and was a fungal natural product, activated both caspase‐dependent apoptosis and autophagy in ACHN, a renal carcinoma cell line. Knockdown of Raptor decreased both rasfonin‐induced autophagic flux and PARP‐1 cleavage, and in contrast, Rictor silencing increased apoptosis concomitantly enhancing rasfonin‐induced autophagy. Unexpectedly, API‐2, which was widely used as an inhibitor of Akt, promoted rasfonin‐dependent autophagy in Raptor‐depleted but not Rictor‐deprived cells. Collectively, these results demonstrated that Raptor and Rictor could play a distinctly regulatory role in rasfonin‐enhanced autophagy and apoptosis.
Enhanced Electron Transfer and Ion Transport by Binary and Multidimensional CuCo2S4/Fe2O3 on Carbon Cloth for Water Oxidation
Authors: Lu Minglong , Zhang Xiaoyun , Tong Jiwei , Wang Wei , Wang Yuqiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe behavior of electron transfer and ion transport plays a significant role in the electrocatalytic activity. However, the improvement of CuCo2S4 electrocatalytic activity has been a difficult problem owing to lack of effective electron transfer and ion transport. Herein, the unique structure connected CuCo2S4 nanosheets and carbon cloth (CC) with Fe2O3 nanoparticles to form CuCo2S4/Fe2O3/CC. Compared with CuCo2S4/CC, the resistances of electron transfer and ion transport were decreased by 65 and 84 %, respectively. The electrochemical surface area of CuCo2S4/Fe2O3/CC was 2.76 times larger than that of CuCo2S4/CC due to the high double‐layer capacitance. For the oxygen evolution reaction, CuCo2S4/Fe2O3/CC could achieve an overpotential of 273 mV and a Tafel slope of 67 mV dec−1 in alkaline solution.
Construction of Hybrid Bimetallic Uranyl Compounds Based on a Preassembled Terpyridine Metalloligand
Authors: Kong Xianghe , Hu Kongqiu , Mei Lei , Wu Qunyan , Huang Zhiwei , Liu Kang , Chai Zhifang , Nie Changming , Shi Weiqun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSix hybrid uranyl–transition metal compounds [UO2Ni(cptpy)2(HCOO)2(DMF)(H2O)] (1), [UO2Ni(cptpy)2(BTPA)2] (2), [UO2Fe(cptpy)2(HCOO)2(DMF)(H2O)] (3), [UO2Fe(cptpy)2(BTPA)2] (4), [UO2Co(cptpy)2(HCOO)2(DMF)(H2O)] (5), and [UO2Co(cptpy)2(BTPA)2] (6), based on bifunctional ligand 4′‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (Hcptpy) are reported (H2BTPA = 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylic acid). Single‐crystal XRD revealed that all six compounds feature similar metalloligands, which consist of two cptpy−anions and one transition metal cation. The metalloligand M(cptpy)2can be considered to be an extended linear dicarboxylic ligand with length of 22.12 Å. Compounds 1,3, and5are isomers, and all of them feature 1D chain structures. The adjacent 1D chains are connected together by hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions to form a 3D porous structure, which is filled with solvent molecules and can be exchanged with I2. Compounds 2,4, and6are also isomers, and all of them feature 2D honeycomb (6,3) networks with hexagonal units of dimensions 41.91×26.89 Å, which are the largest among uranyl compounds with honeycomb networks. The large aperture allows two sets of equivalent networks to be entangled together to result in a 2D+2D→3D polycatenated framework. Remarkably, these uranyl compounds exhibit high catalytic activity for cycloaddition of carbon dioxide. Moreover, the geometric and electronic structures of compounds 1and2are systematically discussed on the basis of DFT calculations.
Polyvalent Transition‐State Analogues of Sialyl Substrates Strongly Inhibit Bacterial Sialidases**
Authors: Assailly Coralie , Bridot Clarisse , Saumonneau Amélie , Lottin Paul , Roubinet Benoit , Krammer Eva‐Maria , François Francesca , Vena Federica , Landemarre Ludovic , Alvarez Dorta Dimitri , Deniaud David , Grandjean Cyrille , Tellier Charles , Pascual Sagrario , Montembault Véronique , Fontaine Laurent , Daligault Franck , Bouckaert Julie , Gouin Sébastien G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBacterial sialidases (SA) are validated drug targets expressed by common human pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, or Clostridium perfringens. Noncovalent inhibitors of bacterial SA capable of reaching the submicromolar level are rarely reported. In this work, multi‐ and polyvalent compounds are developed, based on the transition‐state analogue 2‐deoxy‐2,3‐didehydro‐N‐acetylneuraminic (DANA). Poly‐DANA inhibits the catalytic activity of SA from S. pneumoniae (NanA) and the symbiotic microorganism B. thetaiotaomicron (BtSA) at the picomolar and low nanomolar levels (expressed in moles of molecules and of DANA, respectively). Each DANA grafted to the polymer surpasses the inhibitory potential of the monovalent analogue by more than four orders of magnitude, which represents the highest multivalent effect reported so far for an enzyme inhibition. The synergistic interaction is shown to operate exclusively in the catalytic domain, and not in the flanked carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM). These results offer interesting perspectives for the multivalent inhibition of other SA families lacking a CBM, such as viral, parasitic, or human SA.