bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic counseling during COVID‐19 pandemic: Tuscany experience
Authors: Pagliazzi Angelica , Mancano Giorgia , Forzano Giulia , di Giovanni Fabiana , Gori Giulia , Traficante Giovanna , Iolascon Achille , Giglio Sabrina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 outbreak prompted health centres to reorganize their clinical and surgical activity. In this paper, we show how medical genetics department's activity, in our tertiary pediatric hospital, has changed due to pandemic.MethodsWe stratified all our scheduled visits, from March 9th through April 30th, and assessed case‐by‐case which genetic consultations should be maintained as face‐to‐face visit, or postponed/switched to telemedicine.ResultsOut of 288 scheduled appointments, 60 were prenatal consultations and 228 were postnatal visits. We performed most of prenatal consultations as face‐to‐face visits, as women would have been present in the hospital to perform other procedures in addition to our consult. As for postnatal care, we suspended all outpatient first visits and opted for telemedicine for selected follow‐up consultations: interestingly, 75% of our patients’ parents revealed that they would have cancelled the appointment themselves for the fear to contract an infection.ConclusionsSpread of COVID‐19 in Italy forced us to change our working habits. Given the necessity to optimize healthcare resources and minimize the risk of in‐hospital infections, we experienced the benefits of telegenetics. Current pandemic made us familiar with telemedicine, laying the foundations for its application to deal with the increasing number of requests in clinical genetics.
Interrogation system for optical sensor using filter bank and artificial neural network
Authors: Jucá Marco Aurélio , Haddad Diego Barreto , dos Santos Alexandre Bessa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConsidering the increasingly wide application of optical fiber sensors, this article aims to present an alternative form of interrogation without the use of an optical spectrum analyzer or any other high‐cost devices. The sensor studied here is a long‐period grating being used to measure temperature. The interrogator is composed of optical filters and photodetectors whose responses are processed by a suitably trained artificial neural network. Results show that this technique enables effective interrogation of a range limited only by the optical bandwidth of the light source.
Multipass Electrofishing Sampling Efficiency for Stream Crayfish Population Estimates
Authors: Barnett Zanethia C. , Ochs Clifford A. , Hoeksema Jason D. , Adams Susan B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We estimated the efficiency of electrofishing for collecting crayfishes in southern Appalachian Mountain streams (Alabama, USA). We conducted electrofishing depletion surveys at 20 sites in five large, species-rich streams in two drainages. We collected five crayfish species during the depletion surveys. On average, catchability was 34%, with depletion surveys collecting 73% of the individuals that were estimated to reside within stream sections. Catchabilities were lower for pass 1 than for the subsequent passes in 21% of the depletion surveys. The number of species that was collected increased during the second electrofishing pass, indicating that conducting two electrofishing passes may be more effective than a single electrofishing pass is for estimating the richness of crayfish species. Crayfish catchability by electrofishing was higher in streams with higher conductivities, longer crayfish, higher water temperatures, and lower percentages of adult males. Our results show that multipass electrofishing can precisely assess population density for various crayfish species in species-rich, large-stream habitats and that multipass electrofishing provides more precise estimates of species richness for crayfish than single-pass electrofishing does.
Bolstering Piscivore Abundance to Restructure Small Impoundment Fish Communities
Authors: Michaletz Paul H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Small impoundments (hereafter, “lakes”) provide close-to-home fishing opportunities for many anglers but do not always provide quality fishing, especially for panfish. Often, these lakes contain populations of slow-growing Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and crappies Pomoxis spp. The presence of abundant Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum and Common Carp Cyprinus carpio is known to negatively influence these populations. Chemical and mechanical removal of these nuisance species requires intensive effort, is costly, and usually results in only short-term benefits. An alternative approach is to stock piscivores that prey on these species and reduce their abundances. Hybrid Striped Bass (Striped Bass Morone saxatilis × White Bass Morone chrysops) alone or in combination with Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris were stocked into small lakes to consume Gizzard Shad and Common Carp. To evaluate the success of this approach, I determined whether stockings of hybrid Striped Bass and Flathead Catfish were (1) associated with a consequent reduction in abundances and changes in size structure of Common Carp and Gizzard Shad, (2) related to improved growth rates and size structure of Bluegill and crappie populations, and (3) associated with changes in Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides demographics and aquatic macrophyte coverage. Nine treatment lakes were each paired with a reference lake, and fish population variables and macrophyte coverage were analyzed with a before–after, control–impact design. With a few exceptions, additions of piscivores were largely unsuccessful in reducing Gizzard Shad and Common Carp abundances and in improving growth of panfishes and the additions had little effect on Largemouth Bass or macrophyte coverage. A multi-pronged approach combining several methods (e.g., stocking of piscivores, reducing nutrients, and mechanical or chemical removal) may be necessary to effectively reduce the abundances of Gizzard Shad and Common Carp in these small lakes.
H∞ control for discrete‐time Markovian jump linear systems with partially uncertain transition probabilities
Authors: Sun Hui‐Jie , Zhang Ying , Wu Ai‐Guo 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis work is concerned with the H∞ state‐feedback control for the discrete‐time Markovian jump systems with incomplete knowledge of transition probabilities. A less conservative criterion is proposed via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) such that the considered systems are stochastically stable and have a prescribed H∞ disturbance attention level. Furthermore, based on the obtained results, a state‐feedback controller is presented via LMIs to guarantee the stochastic stability of the resulted closed‐loop system with a prescribed H∞ performance level γ. The number of the LMIs to be solved in the developed methods is much less than that in many existing methods. A numerical example and a practical example are provided to verify the effectiveness of the presented methods.
Optimal control and differential game solutions for social distancing in response to epidemics of infectious diseases on networks
Authors: Dashtbali Mohammadali , Malek Alaeddin , Mirzaie Mehdi 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of social distancing in the spread of infectious diseases in the human network is extended by optimal control and differential game approaches. Hear, SEAIR model on simulation network is used. Total costs for both approaches are formulated as objective functions. SEAIR dynamics for groupkthat contacts withkindividuals including susceptible, exposed, asymptomatically infected, symptomatically infected and improved or safe individuals is modeled. A novel random model including the concept of social distancing and relative risk of infection using Markov process is proposed. For each group, an aggregate investment is derived and computed using adjoint equations and maximum principle. Results show that for each group, investments in the differential game are less than investments in an optimal control approach. Although individuals' participation in investment for social distancing causes to reduce the epidemic cost, the epidemic cost according to the second approach is too much less than the first approach.
Children prefer pattern over shape during complex categorization
Authors: Li Fuhong , Li Zixia , Cao Bihua , Hu Lijuan , Zhang Zhao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that children tend to view objects with similar shapes as having the same category. However, these studies often adopt simple categorization tasks and ignore the perceptual dimension (e.g., surface pattern of objects) that likely attract children's attention. The purpose of this study was to test how children categorize when pattern competes against shape. In Experiment 1a children were presented with a target and several testing objects that shared the same shape, color, or texture as the target. The results indicated that children preferentially selected the shape‐sharing objects. However, when the texture was replaced by pattern (Experiment 1b), there was no significant difference between shape and pattern choices. When shared features were intricately overlapped between different pairs of stimuli (Experiment 2), children preferentially chose objects that shared patterns over those that shared shapes. These findings are the first to reveal children's pattern preference in categorization, supporting the view that children's categorization is flexible.
Prenatal diagnosis of laryngo‐tracheo‐esophageal anomalies in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia by ultrasound evaluation of the vocal cords and fetal laryngoesophagoscopy
Authors: Cruz‐Martínez Rogelio , Gámez‐Varela Alma , Martínez‐Rodríguez Miguel , Luna‐García Jonahtan , López‐Briones Hugo , Chavez‐González Eréndira , Juárez‐Martínez Israel , Razo‐Nava Areli , Villalobos‐Gómez Rosa , Favela‐Heredia César 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the incidence of laryngeal ultrasound (US) abnormalities in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to assess the utility of fetal laryngoesophagoscopy for prenatal diagnosis of laryngo‐tracheo‐esophageal anomalies.Study designA cohort of CDH fetuses with laryngeal ultrasound abnormalities were selected for diagnostic fetal laringoesophagoscopy in a single fetal surgery center at Queretaro, Mexico.ResultsDuring the study period, 210 CDH fetuses were evaluated. US examination of the vocal cords was successfully performed in all fetuses, and abnormal ultrasound findings were observed in four cases (1.9%). Fetal laringoesophagoscopy was successfully performed in all four cases at a median gestational age of 29.5 (range, 28.1‐30.6) weeks. During fetal intervention, a laryngo‐tracheo‐esophageal cleft (TEC) extending from the larynx to the carina (type IV) was endoscopically visualized in three cases, and laryngeal atresia coexisting with TEC was confirmed in the remaining case. Fetal karyotype was normal in all cases, but abnormal chromosomal microarray analysis was reported in two cases (50%). All cases were delivered liveborn with severe respiratory failure presenting cardiac arrest and immediate neonatal death.ConclusionsLaryngeal anomalies in CDH fetuses can be presumed by ultrasound evaluation of the vocal cords and confirmed by fetal laryngoesophagoscopy during pregnancy.
Current status of the multinational Arabidopsis community
Authors: Parry Geraint , Provart Nicholas J. , Brady Siobhan M. , Uzilday Baris ,   The Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe multinational Arabidopsis research community is highly collaborative and over the past thirty years these activities have been documented by the Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee (MASC). Here, we (a) highlight recent research advances made with the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana; (b) provide summaries from recent reports submitted by MASC subcommittees, projects and resources associated with MASC and from MASC country representatives; and (c) initiate a call for ideas and foci for the “fourth decadal roadmap,” which will advise and coordinate the global activities of the Arabidopsis research community.
The Origins of Organellar Mapping by Protein Correlation Profiling
Authors: Mann Matthias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCells have a rich inner structure that is commonly explored by microscopy. Classical biochemical methods that break apart the cells and fractionate them along a gradient have now gotten a new lease on life through modern methods of mass spectrometry‐based proteomics. Their common principle is to comprehensively measure all the proteins in each of the fractions. The resulting quantitative profile then associates thousands of proteins to their cellular homes. Here, the author recounts how protein correlation profiling, the first such technique, was conceived and how it was applied to answer intricate cell biological questions.
Maximum likelihood least squares‐based iterative methods for output‐error bilinear‐parameter models with colored noises
Authors: Chen Mengting , Ding Feng , Lin Rongming , Ng Teng Yong , Zhang Yanliang , Wei Wei 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis article is concerned with the parameter identification of output‐error bilinear‐parameter models with colored noises from measurement data. An auxiliary model least squares‐based iterative method is developed through the overparameterization model. It examines the difficulty of estimating the overparameterized vector, which usually presents a heavy computational burden in the identification process. To overcome this drawback, a parameter separation technique is introduced and the nonlinear model is reformulated as a refined identification model through eliminating the crossmultiplying terms. In this regard, a parameter separation least squares‐based iterative (PS‐LSI) algorithm is derived by avoiding estimating the redundant parameters. On the basis of the PS‐LSI algorithm, we derive a maximum likelihood least squares‐based iterative method to further improve the numerical accuracy. The identification is dependent on the formulation of a pseudolinear regression relationship, which contains two linear prefilters constructed from the system and noise models. The performance of this proposed method is confirmed by the numerical simulations as well as direct comparisons with other existing algorithms.
Generalized homogenization of linear controllers: Theory and experiment
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Polyakov Andrey , Zheng Gang 
Published: August 2020

SummaryA procedure for an “upgrade” of a linear proportional‐integral‐differential (PID) controller to a nonlinear homogeneous one is developed and verified by real experiments with quadrotor. The controller design is based on a generalized homogeneity (dilation symmetry) of the system. Its parameters are obtained from the gains of linear controller. The issues of digital implementation of the proposed controller are discussed. Finally, the stability and robustness properties of the homogeneous PID controller are validated on the quadrotor QDrone platform of QuanserTM.
Multivariate Hidden Markov Models for disease progression
Authors: Martino Andrea , Guatteri Giuseppina , Paganoni Anna Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDisease progression models are a powerful tool for understanding the development of a disease, given some clinical measurements obtained from longitudinal events related to a sample of patients. These models are able to give some insights about the disease progression through the analysis of patients histories and can be also used to predict the future course of the disease for an individual. In particular, Hidden Markov Models are suitable for disease progression since they model the latent unobservable states of the disease. In this work, we propose a HMM where the outcome is multivariate and its components are not independent; to accomplish our aim, since we do not make any usual normality assumptions, we model the outcome using copulas. We first test the performance of our model in a simulation setting and show the validity of the method. Then, we study the course of Heart Failure, applying our model to an administrative dataset from Lombardia Region in Italy, showing how episodes of hospitalization can give information about the disease status of a patient.
‘If you kill tobacco, you kill Malawi’: Structural barriers to tobacco diversification for sustainable development
Authors: Smith Julia , Fang Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is growing recognition that diversifying away from tobacco farming can contribute to progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals in lower‐ and middle‐income countries. However, diversification projects are often limited in scope and impact. This paper analyses structural barriers to tobacco diversification and opportunities to challenge them, based on the perceptions of those engaged in policy processes in Malawi, the most tobacco dependent country in the world. Through analysis of 11 key informant interviews, four structural barriers are identified: perceived economic importance, lack of alternatives, vested industry interests, and the polarised conflict between tobacco control advocates and farmers. Respondents suggest these might be overcome through import substitution, a focus on securing alternative markets, and the inclusion of tobacco farmers in global processes. In ratifying the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the Government of Malawi would be able to access diversification support, build a positive relationship with the global tobacco control community and address industry influence.
Clinical and molecular consequences of fusion genes in myeloid malignancies
Authors: Matsukawa Toshihiro , Aplan Peter D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Leukemias are heterogeneous diseases characterized by aberrant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Oncogenic fusion genes and proteins, produced via gross chromosomal rearrangements, such as chromosomal translocation, insertion, and inversion, play important roles in hematologic malignancies. These oncoproteins alter fundamental cellular properties, such as self-renewal, differentiation, and proliferation, and confer leukemogenic potential to HSPCs. In addition to providing fundamental insights into the process of leukemic transformation, these fusion genes provide targets for treatment and monitoring of myeloid leukemias. Furthermore, new technologies such as next-generation sequencing have allowed additional insights into the nature of leukemic fusion genes. In this review, we discuss the history, biologic effect, and clinical impact of fusion genes in the field of myeloid leukemias.
Emergence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 in China in 2020
Authors: Hu Bo , Wei Houjun , Fan Zhiyu , Song Yanhua , Chen Mengmeng , Qiu Rulong , Zhu Weifeng , Xu Weizhong , Xue Jiabin , Wang Fang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is an acute fatal disease caused by the Lagovirus rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), which was first reported in 1984 in China. Strains of two different genotypes (GI.1a and GI.1c) have been detected in China to date. In 2010, a new RHDV variant with a unique genetic and antigenic profile was identified in France, designated RHDV2, which rapidly spread throughout continental Europe and nearby islands. Here, we report the first outbreak of RHD induced by RHDV2 (GI.2) in rabbit farms in the Sichuan province of China. We conducted haemagglutination tests and phylogenetic analysis of the new RHDV isolate SC2020/04, which was identified as a non‐haemagglutinating strain belonging to the RHDV2 (GI.2) genogroup. Considering the serious risk of RHDV2 to the Chinese rabbit industry, the circulation of RHDV2 in the population should be carefully monitored in China.
A toxicological exploration of the opioid crisis
Authors: Krug Samuel A. , Scott Karen S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the discovery of opium dating back to Ancient Greek and Ancient Egyptian civilizations, there is a rich history stemming from the early use of the poppy plant to the new synthetic opioids that are emerging in drug seizures today. The phrase “opioid crisis” has been used to describe a public health emergency that has developed due to a combination of the over‐prescription of opioid medication, increase in heroin use, and clandestine synthesis of research chemicals previously discovered to have opioid receptor activity. Throughout the rise in opioid use, media outlets have helped inform the public, but they have also helped to rapidly spread misinformation. While receptor binding and metabolism studies have been thoroughly conducted for regulated medications, research chemicals and fentanyl analogs have not received as much attention regarding their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. Sample screening in forensic laboratories routinely uses commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits and time‐of‐flight analysis. With the ever evolving landscape of emerging drugs, quantitative analytical methods have been developed for both gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, however, the relevance of these methods truly depends on what drugs are being currently seen in casework, making it imperative to track regional trends.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology > Analytical Toxicology
Toxicology > New Psychoactive Substances
Toxicology > Opioids
Gender Implications of Farmers’ Indigenous Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Along Agriculture Value Chain in Nigeria
Authors: Deji Olanike F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate change contributes significantly to the looming food insecurity in the rain-fed agricultural countries of Africa, including Nigeria. There is a gender dimension in climate change impacts and adaptation strategies along Agriculture Value Chain (AVC) in Nigeria. The chapter gender analyzed the aspects of climate change impacts; identified the indigenous and expert-based artificial adaptation strategies; assessed the gender differences in the adaptation strategies; and provided the gender implications of the indigenous adaptation strategies among actors along the AVC. The chapter adopted a value chain-based exploratory design with gender analysis as the narrative framework with Gender Response Theory as the theoretical background. There were gender differences in the production, economic, and social dimensions of the climate change impacts along the AVC. The indigenous climate change adaptation strategies were availability, low cost, and easily accessible; hence they were popularly adopted by male and female AVC actors. The adopted indigenous adaptation strategies challenged the social relations, influenced reordering of social and gender relations, participation, and power relation among the male and female actors along the AVC.