bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bivariate Distribution and Related Analytical Solutions for Batch Step‐Growth Polymerization of AB2‐Type Monomer
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka , Yamazaki Kiyomasa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBased on the analytical solution for the bivariate distribution N(n,k) of the degree of polymerization n and the number of dendritic units k, it is shown that the batch step‐growth polymerization of AB2‐type monomer leads to form random hyperbranched architecture, irrespective of the magnitude of reactivity ratio r that represents the reactivity of the second B group. The bivariate distribution function enables one to obtain various useful analytic relationships for the hyperbranched architecture. The degree of branching at large n limit, DBn → ∞, is an important property to represent the branched polymer system, rather than the average DB of the whole reaction mixture. For the case with r = 1, the value of DBn → ∞ is always 0.5, and is unchanged at any stage of batch polymerization. On the other hand, DBn → ∞ changes with the progress of polymerization for r ≠ 1, but the change is not very significant for the high conversion region. The degree of branching at large k limit, DBk → ∞, is always larger than DBn → ∞, but the relationship DBk → ∞ = DBn → ∞ holds at 100% conversion.
Design, fabrication, and testing of a helical antenna using 3D printing technology
Authors: Ghassemiparvin Behnam , Ghalichechian Nima 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report the design, fabrication, and measurements of a circularly polarized 3D‐printed helical antenna operating at 5 GHz. Several commercially‐available dielectric printers and materials (eg, PLA, ABS, PC) were evaluated for the fabrication process. Metallization was performed with nickel electroless plating followed by copper electroplating. Fabrication and metallization process completed within 24 hours. Maximum gain of the antenna is measured as 13.9 dBic at broadside (RHCP). Measured efficiency of the antenna is 89.1% which shows the effectiveness of our metallization process. The results demonstrate the feasibility of rapid fabrication of lightweight and high efficient antennas using 3D printer technology.
Near‐silent distortionless DWI using magnetization‐prepared RUFIS
Authors: Yuan Jianmin , Hu Yuxin , Menini Anne , Sandino Christopher M. , Sandberg Jesse , Sheth Vipul , Moran Catherine J. , Alley Marcus , Lustig Michael , Hargreaves Brian , Vasanawala Shreyas 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo develop a near‐silent and distortionless DWI (sd‐DWI) sequence using magnetization‐prepared rotating ultrafast imaging sequence.MethodsA rotating ultrafast imaging sequence was modified with driven‐equilibrium diffusion preparation, including eddy‐current compensation methods. To compensate for the T1 recovery during readout, a phase‐cycling method was used. Both compensation methods were validated in phantoms. The optimized sequence was compared with an EPI diffusion sequence for image distortion, contrast, ADC, and acoustic noise level in phantoms. The sequence was evaluated in 1 brain volunteer, 5 prostate volunteers, and 10 pediatric patients with joint diseases.ResultsCombination of several eddy‐current compensation methods reduced the artifact to an acceptable level. Phase cycling reduced T1 recovery contamination during readout. In phantom scans, the optimized sequence generated similar image contrast to the EPI diffusion sequence, and ADC maps between the sequences were comparable; sd‐DWI had significantly lower acoustic noise (P < .05). In vivo brain scan showed reduced image distortion in sd‐DWI compared with the EPI diffusion, although residual motion artifact remains due to brain pulsation. The prostate scans showed that sd‐DWI can provide similar ADC compared with EPI diffusion, with no image distortion. Patient scans showed that the sequence can clearly depict joint lesions.ConclusionAn sd‐DWI sequence was developed and optimized. Compared with conventional EPI diffusion, sd‐DWI provided similar diffusion contrast, accurate ADC measurement, improved image quality, and minimal ambient scanning noise. The sequence showed the ability to obtain in vivo diffusion contrast in relatively motion‐free body regions, such as prostate and joint.
Autonomous cryogenic RF receive coil for 13C imaging of rodents at 3 T
Authors: Sánchez‐Heredia Juan Diego , Baron Rafael , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Laustsen Christoffer , Zhurbenko Vitaliy , Ardenkjær‐Larsen Jan Henrik 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo develop an autonomous, in‐bore, MR‐compatible cryostat cooled with liquid nitrogen that provides full‐day operation, and to demonstrate that the theoretical signal‐to‐noise benefit can be achieved for 13C imaging at 3 T (32.13 MHz).MethodsThe cryogenic setup uses a vacuum‐insulated fiberglass cryostat, which indirectly cools a cold finger where the RF coil is attached. The cryostat was evacuated before use and had a reservoir of liquid nitrogen for full‐day operation. A 30 × 40 mm2 copper coil was mounted inside the cryostat with a 3‐mm distance to the sample. Two examples of in vivo experiments of rat brain metabolism after a hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate injection are reported.ResultsA coil Q‐factor ratio of Q88K/Q290K = 550/280 was obtained, and the theoretical SNR enhancement was verified with MR measurements. We achieved a coil temperature of 88 K and a preamplifier temperature of 77 K. A 2‐fold overall SNR enhancement was achieved, compared with the best case at room temperature. The thermal performance of the coil was adequate for in vivo experiments, with an autonomy of 5 hours consuming 6 L of LN2, extendable to over 12 hours by LN2 refilling.ConclusionCryogenic surface coils can be highly beneficial for 13C imaging, provided that the coil‐to‐sample distance remains short. An autonomous, in‐bore cryostat was developed that achieved the theoretical improvement in SNR.
Is the strong desire to void a source of diverted attention in healthy adult volunteers?
Authors: Gibson William , Morrison Rachael , Wagg Adrian , Hunter Kathleen F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsThe strong desire to void (SDV) induces changes in both cognition and gait. This may be due to the sensation of urinary urge acting as a source of diverted attention. This exploratory study examined the influence of SDV and a standardized distracting task on the performance of two measures of cognition, a simple reaction time (SRT) test and the trail making B test (TMT‐B).Methods18 volunteers, 8 male and 10 female, without lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (mean age: 20.5, range: 20‐47), performed a test of SRT and the TMT‐B under three conditions; undistracted with an empty bladder, while experiencing SDV, and when performing a simultaneous distracting task, the auditory n back test.ResultsA statistically significant increase in SRT was found when experiencing SDV and when distracted compared with the undistracted, bladder empty condition. The time taken to compete the TMT‐B significantly increased with distraction but was not affected by SDV.ConclusionSDV induced a similar but smaller change in reaction time when compared with a distracting task, suggesting that SDV may act as a source of diverted attention in continent, healthy volunteers.
Changes in bladder function with time following cystostomy in rats
Authors: He Yu Lin , Chen Yan , Wen Yi Bo , Zhai Rong Qun , Ma Yuan , Wang Jian Jian , Pu Qing Song , Sihoe Jennifer D. , Franco Israel , Wen Jian Guo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate bladder function patterns following cystostomy and determine the best time window for cystometric evaluation of bladder function in conscious rats.Materials and MethodsCystostomy was performed in rats of the first seven groups; thereafter, cystometry was performed in the designed time interval. Noncystostomy rats of group 8 voided freely as control. Basal bladder pressure (Pves.basal), maximum bladder pressure (Pves.max), bladder threshold pressure (Pves.thre), voiding interval (VI), bladder contraction duration (CD), bladder compliance (ΔC), voided volume (VV), postvoiding residual urine (PVR), and bladder capacity (BC) were recorded and compared with cystostomy groups, with VV, PVR, BC compared with the control values. Bladders were collected after the urodynamic study for weighing, hematoxylin‐eosin, and Masson staining to investigate pathological changes.ResultsPves.basal, Pves.max, and Pves.thre trended downward, while BC, VI, VV, and ΔC trended upward on days 1 to 5 postcystostomy. BC and VV significantly decreased on days 1 to 3 postcystostomy compared with control values; on days 5 to 15 postcystostomy, Pves.basal, Pves.max, Pves.thre, VI, VV, BC, and PVR were stable, and BC, VV, and PVR showed no significant differences from the control values. However, on day 21 postcystostomy, BC increased significantly compared with the controls. Bladder weight increased in the cystostomy groups compared with the controls. Pathological analysis showed severe acute bladder inflammation on days 1 to 3, mild inflammation on days 5 to 15, and increased collagen deposition in bladder tissue on day 21 postcystostomy.ConclusionCystometric evaluation of bladder function in conscious rats is best performed on days 5 to 15 postcystostomy.
A nationwide cohort study of hospital contacts after surgical treatment for urinary incontinence
Authors: Foss Hansen Margrethe , Bóel Sigurdardòttir Hrefna , Oren Gradel Kim , Schiøler Kesmodel Ulrik , Lose Gunnar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim was to assess complications of urinary incontinence (UI) for women who had a hospital contact within 30 days and to evaluate the conventional method of classifying complications vs grading complications into the Clavien‐Dindo classification (CDC) system.MethodsA historical cohort study based on a nationwide population of women who had hospital contact within 30 days of surgical treatment for UI during a 5‐year period.ResultsThere were 874 (16.2%) hospital contacts to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, among 5393 procedures. For retropubic midurethral sling (RPMUS) and transobturator midurethral sling (TOMUS), the most common reasons for hospital contacts were voiding dysfunction, self‐reported pain within 14 days and acute cystitis and for urethral injection therapy (UIT) persisting UI, acute cystitis, and voiding dysfunction. Voiding dysfunction requiring surgery, use of catheter or both, occurred more frequently in women who had RPMUS as compared with TOMUS (30.5% vs 21.7%; P = .01). Women, who received RPMUS and TOMUS, had surgical complications classified as up to CD IIIb, whereas women who had UIT were classified as up to CD II.ConclusionsSixteen percent of the women had a hospital contact within 30 days. A more obstructive character of RPMUS than for TOMUS was indicated, as more women with voiding dysfunction required surgery or catheter following RPMUS. The CDC system in its current form does not improve the overall characterization of complications in terms of type and severity following synthetic midurethral sling and UIT treatment.
A highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for Mg2+ based on a diarylethene with a quinoxaline unit
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Li Hui , Jiang Duohua , Pu Shouzhi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA new fluorescent probe 1O was synthesized through linking diarylethene and Quinoxaline‐2‐hydraqzide group, probe 1O showed a selective “off‐on” fluorescent response toward Mg2+. In the presence of Mg2+, the probe 1O displayed a distinct change of fluorescence color, from dark to green, the fluorescence intensity increased 6.8‐fold, and meanwhile, emission peak has a significant blue shift, which was shifted from 524 nm to 518 nm. Then, on account of the fluorescence properties of compound 1O, we designed a logic gate. On top of that, probe 1O also can be successfully used to monitor Mg2+ of the actual water samples.
Thermodynamically Stable Mesoporous C3N7 and C3N6 with Ordered Structure and Their Excellent Performance for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Kim In Young , Kim Sungho , Premkumar Selvarajan , Yang Jae‐Hun , Umapathy Siva , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarbon nitrides with a high N/C atomic ratio (>2) are expected to offer superior basicity and unique electronic properties. However, the synthesis of these nanostructures is highly challenging since many parts of the CN frameworks in the carbon nitride should be replaced with thermodynamically less stable NN frameworks as the nitrogen content increases. Thermodynamically stable C3N7 and C3N6 with an ordered mesoporous structure are synthesized at 250 and 300 °C respectively via a pyrolysis process of 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole (5‐ATTZ). Polymerization of the precursor to the ordered mesoporous C3N7 and C3N6 is clearly proved by X‐ray and electron diffraction analyses. A combined analysis including diverse spectroscopy and FDMNES and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrates that the NN bonds are stabilized in the form of tetrazine and/or triazole moieties in the C3N7 and C3N6. The ordered mesoporous C3N7 represents the better oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performances (onset potential: 0.81 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), electron transfer number: 3.9 at 0.5 V vs RHE) than graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and the ordered mesoporous C3N6. The study on the mechanism of ORR suggests that nitrogen atoms in the tetrazine moiety of the ordered mesoporous C3N7 act as active sites for its improved ORR activity.
Automatic recommendation to appropriate log levels
Authors: Kim Taeyoung , Kim Suntae , Park Sooyong , Park YoungBeom 
Published: November 2019

SummaryA log statement is one of the key tactics for a developer to record and monitor important run‐time behaviors of our system in a development phase and a maintenance phase. It composes of a message for stating log contents, and a log level (eg,debugorwarn) to denote the severity of a message and controlling its visibility at run time. In spite of its usefulness, a developer does not tend to deeply consider which log level is appropriate in writing source code, which causes the system to be unmaintainable. To address this issue, this paper proposes an automatic approach to validating the appropriateness of the log level in consideration of the semantic and syntactic features and recommending a proper alternative log level. We first build the semantic feature vector to quantify the semantic similarity among application log messages using the word vector space, and the syntactic feature vector to capture the application context that surrounds the log statement. Based on the feature vectors and machine learning techniques, the log level is automatically validated, and an alternative log level is recommended if the log level is invalid. For the evaluation, we collected 22 open‐source projects from three application domains, and obtained the 77% of precision and 75% of recall in validating the log levels. Also, our approach showed 6% higher accuracy than that of the developer group who has 7 to 8 years of work experience, and 72% of the developers accepted our recommendation.
Full‐scale tests of precast concrete beam‐column connections with composite T‐beams and cast‐in‐place columns subjected to cyclic loading
Authors: Xue Weichen , Yang Xinlei , Hu Xiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe precast concrete beam‐column connections investigated herein, designed and detailed to be emulative connections, consisted of composite concrete T‐beams and cast‐in‐place (CIP) concrete columns. This paper reported the test results of two full‐scale precast connections and two CIP control specimens under cyclic loading. Results revealed that all connections exhibited a strong column‐weak beam failure mechanism. The hysteresis loops of each precast connection were relatively plump and similar to those of its CIP control specimen, showing good energy dissipation capacity. The difference in load‐carrying capacity between precast connections and their CIP control specimens was about 6.5% for interior connections and about −2.2% for exterior connections. The average displacement ductility of precast interior connection and its CIP control specimen was 5.69 and 6.88, while that of precast exterior connection and its CIP control specimen was 4.18 and 4.40, respectively. A four‐fold line restoring force model was developed based on the test results.
“I'm just not that great at science”: Science self‐efficacy in arts and communication students
Authors: McBride Eileen , Oswald W. Wyatt , Beck Lindsey A. , Vashlishan Murray Amy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch in science education confirms the importance of self‐efficacy in students' persistence and success in the sciences. The current study examined the role of science self‐efficacy in nonspecialist, arts and communication‐oriented students encountering science in a general education context. Participants (N = 275) completed a beginning‐ and end‐of‐semester survey including a Science Self‐Efficacy Scale, a “connection to science” measure—the Inclusion of Science in Self Scale—and a Science Anxiety Scale. Participants also responded to two open‐ended “sources of science efficacy” questions, and provided background/demographic information and access to their academic records. Results showed a significant increase in science self‐efficacy and connection to science—although no change in science anxiety—over the course of the semester. The observed shift in self‐efficacy for minority and international students was of particular note. These students started the course with lower confidence but, by the end of the semester, reported comparable science self‐efficacy, and achieved similar grades to their White/Non‐Hispanic and US resident classmates. Contrary to expectations, science self‐efficacy did not predict performance in the class. However, students' self‐reported sources of efficacy indicated increased confidence in using science in daily life, and confirmed the value of mastery experiences and of personally meaningful, student‐centered course design in scaffolding student confidence. Results are discussed in terms of the individual and instructional factors that support science self‐efficacy and student success in this unique, general education science environment.
Stabilization and regularity transmission of a Schrödinger equation through boundary connections with a Kelvin‐Voigt damped beam equation
Authors: Guo Bao‐Zhu , Ren Han‐Jing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study stability for a Schrödinger equation interacted by an Euler‐Bernoulli beam equation with Kelvin‐Voigt damping through weak boundary connections. It is shown that the whole coupled system is well‐posed. With a careful spectral analysis, it is shown that the system operator of the closed‐loop system is not of compact resolvent and the spectrum consists of three branches. By means of asymptotic analysis, the asymptotic expressions of eigenfunctions are obtained. The Riesz basis property and exponential stability of the system are concluded by comparison method in Riesz basis approach. Finally, we show that the associated C0‐semigroup is of Gevery class which is a remarkable difference with the related literature.
An Introduction to Personalized eHealth
Authors: Sebri Valeria , Savioni Lucrezia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPersonalized medicine can be defined as the adaptation of medical treatments to the specific characteristics of patients. This approach allows health providers to develop therapies and interventions by taking into account the heterogeneity of illnesses and external factors such as the environment, patients’ needs, and lifestyle. Technology could play an important role to achieve this new approach to medicine. An example of technology’s utility regards real-time monitoring of individual well-being (subjective and objective), in order to improve disease management through data-driven personalized treatment recommendations. Another important example is an interface designed based on patient’s capabilities and preferences. These could improve patient-doctor communication: on one hand, patients have the possibility to improve health decision-making; on the other hand, health providers could coordinate care services more easily, because of continual access to patient’s data. This contribution deepens these technologies and related opportunities for health, as well as recommendation for successful development and implementation.
Halving ISO(7) supergravity
Authors: Guarino Adolfo , Tarrío Javier , Varela Oscar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Half-maximal, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4, sectors of D = 4 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity with a dyonic ISO(7) gauging are investigated. We focus on a half-maximal sector including three vector multiplets, that arises as a certain SO(3)R-invariant sector of the full theory. We discuss the embedding of this sector into the largest half-maximal sector of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity retaining six vector multiplets. We also provide its canonical $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 formulation and show that, from this perspective, our model leads in its own right to a new explicit gauging of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supergravity. Finally, expressions for the restricted duality hierarchy are given and the vacuum structure is investigated. Five new non-supersymmetric AdS vacua are found numerically. The previously known $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 AdS vacua are also contained in our $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 model. Unlike when embedded in previously considered sectors with fewer fields, these vacua exhibit their full $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 supersymmetry within our $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 model.