bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children in Auraiya District of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumari Phool , Dhawan Tripti 
Published: November 2019

Malnutrition is a complex issue for India. It is an example of how India is a nation of extremes. Many among the population live in poverty and are not able to obtain as much food as they need.
Assessment of the nutritional status of community clinical examination is one of the first steps in the formation of any public health strategy to overcome malnutrition. Pre-school children undoubtedly are the most crucial segment of our population. Undernutrition is a critical determinant of mortality and morbidity in young children worldwide and it is associated with 45 per cent of all deaths in children under five years of age. The major forms of malnutrition are kwashiorkor (edematous) and marasmus (wasting) with or without associated stunting. In a view to know the nutritional deficiency among the rural children, the present study was conducted to assess the clinical status of preschool children of Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The study involved a total of 100 preschool children. Twenty children selected randomly from each of the 5 villages of Bhagyanagar block of Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The study showed that 58 children fall between 1-3 years of age while 42 children came under the 4-6 year of age. Physical examination results are as presented in Tables 2-6. On the basis of general appearance it was reported that 54 per cent of the children were normal in terms of body weight and 45 per cent were thin and 1% were obese from the village of Bhagyanagar Block of Auraiya district. Sign of Fluorosis namely mottling of enamel in teeth was observed most of the elder children (4-6 years) ie. 27 per cent as compared to the age group of 1-3 years ie, 15 per cent. Anaemia was observed as pale conjunctiva (28%) and Koilnychia (16%). Conjunctival xerosis was found to be very common among younger children group and Bitot’s spot was more common in older children. Magnitude of Anaemia also shows the health status of children. The findings revealed a poor health status of preschool children in the study area. There is also a need of proper food availablity, clean & fresh water and hygiene and sanitation. There is a urgent need for health counselling of the mother/ caretaker to improve the health status of rural preschool children.
“Not Home” is Sometimes Where we Start
Authors: Shepherd Toni , Woodard Wiremu 
Published: November 2019

The colonisation of “home” — Aotearoa, New Zealand is motivated by the acquisition of land and natural resources. As more land is acquired indigenous peoples are driven further from a symbiotic relationship with the “home-land”, an indigenous worldview and ultimately their “selves”. The consequences of these disruptions have profound psychological effects. This article explores the idea that “home” is a social construct that reflects the reality of the dominant group. As indigenous peoples our idea of “home” is repudiated and subjugated, resulting in dislocation, marginalisation and discrimination with the intention of maintaining the dominant cultural home. Weaving through concepts of Indigenous parenting, decolonisation, tangata whenua, state housing, raupatu, premature babies, maungapohatu and spirituality, we arrive at how we as health practitioners can unlock our therapeutic paradigm. The essential inclusion of historical, socio-political and environmental elements opens us to the possibility of clearly seeing indigenous psychological issues in their whole context rather than locating dysfunction within the indigenous person and marginalised peoples.
Ko te whakatauiwi o “kāinga” – Aotearoa, Niu Tīreni, ngana ana kia whai whenua, rawa taiao hoki. Ka rahi ake te whiwhi whenua ka tawhiti kē atu te tangata whenua i te taura here ki tōna tūrangawaewae, he tirohanga ā-ao a te tangata whenua, ā, mutu rawa ake, tōna tuakiritanga. Ko te mutunga mai o ēnei tauwhatinga ko te pānga taumaha ki te hinengaro. E tūhuri ana tēnei tuhinga i te whakaaro, ko te ariā “kāinga”, he hangana hāpori whakaahua mai i te pono o te rōpū matua. Ko tā te tangata whenua whakaaro mō “kāinga”, ka whakahahanihia, ka whakaitihia, ā, mutu rawa ake ka totara wāhi ruahia, ka aukatihia kia mārō ai te mau o te kāinga ahurea matua. E raranga haere ana i ngā aronga Māori whāngai tamariki, wetenga uruwhenua, tangata whenua, whare kāwanatanga, raupatu, pēpē kokoti tau, Maungapōhatu, me te wairuatanga, ka kitea me pēhea e taea ai e tātou e ngā kaimahi hauora te whakatuwhera i ā tātou tikanga whaiora. Mā te whakauru wāhanga mai o ngā kōrero o mua, o te hāpori- tōrangapū me te pūtaiao tērā pea ka mārama te kitea o ngā take hinengaro Māori i roto i tōna ake ao kāre e kimi noa ihotia te mate i roto i ngā tāngata whenua me ngā iwi taitapainga.
Modulation of Förster and Dexter Interactions in Single‐Emissive‐Layer All‐Fluorescent WOLEDs for Improved Efficiency and Extended Lifetime
Authors: Wei Pengcheng , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhite organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with thermally activated delayed fluorophor sensitized fluorescence (TSF) have aroused wide attention, considering their potential for full exciton utilization without noble‐metal containing phosphors. However, performances of TSF‐WOLEDs with a single‐emissive‐layer (SEL) still suffer from low exciton utilization and insufficient blue emission for proper white balance. Here, by modulating Förster and Dexter interactions in SEL‐TSF‐WOLEDs, high efficiencies, balanced white spectra, and extended lifetimes are realized simultaneously. Given the different dependencies of Förster and Dexter interactions on intermolecular distances, sterically shielded blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and orange conventional fluorescent dopants (CFDs) with electronically inert peripheral units are adopted to enlarge distances of electronically active chromophores, not only blocking the Dexter interaction to prevent exciton loss but also finely suppressing the Förster one to guarantee balanced white emission with sufficient blue components. It thus provides the possibility to maximize device performances in a large range of CFD concentrations. A record high maximum external quantum efficiency/power efficiency of 19.6%/52.2 lm W−1, Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinate of (0.33, 0.45), and prolonged half‐lifetime of over 2300 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2 are realized simultaneously for SEL‐TSF‐WOLEDs, paving the way toward practical applications.
Pollinator effectiveness in a composite: a specialist bee pollinates more florets but does not move pollen farther than other visitors
Authors: Page Maureen L. , Ison Jennifer L. , Bewley Alison L. , Holsinger Keaton M. , Kaul Andrew D. , Koch Katie E. , Kolis Kory M. , Wagenius Stuart 
Published: November 2019

PremiseVariation in pollinator effectiveness may contribute to pollen limitation in fragmented plant populations. In plants with multiovulate ovaries, the number of conspecific pollen grains per stigma often predicts seed set and is used to quantify pollinator effectiveness. In the Asteraceae, however, florets are uniovulate, which suggests that the total amount of pollen deposited per floret may not measure pollinator effectiveness. We examined two aspects of pollinator effectiveness—effective pollen deposition and effective pollen movement—for insects visiting Echinacea angustifolia, a composite that is pollen limited in small, isolated populations.MethodsWe filmed insect visits to Echinacea in two prairie restorations and used these videos to quantify behavior that might predict effectiveness. To quantify effective pollen deposition, we used the number of styles shriveled per visit. To quantify effective pollen movement, we conducted paternity analysis on a subset of offspring and measured the pollen movement distance between mates.ResultsEffective pollen deposition varied among taxa. Andrena helianthiformis, a Heliantheae oligolege, was the most effective taxon, shriveling more than twice the proportion of styles as all other visitors. Differences in visitor behavior on a flowering head did not explain variation in effective pollen deposition, nor did flowering phenology. On average, visitors moved pollen 16 m between plants, and this distance did not vary among taxa.ConclusionsAndrena helianthiformis is an important pollinator of Echinacea. Variation in reproductive fitness of Echinacea in fragmented habitat may result, in part, from the abundance of this species.
Hydroboration of Alkenes and Alkynes Employing Earth‐Abundant Metal Catalysts
Authors: Singh Arpita , Shafiei‐Haghighi Sara , Smith Cecilia R. , Unruh Daniel K. , Findlater Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIron complexes [BIAN]Fe(I)(η6‐toluene) (M1) and [BIAN]FeCl2 (M2) (BIAN=bis(2,6‐diisopropylaniline)acenaphthene) were found to be viable catalysts for the regioselective hydroboration of alkynes and alkenes. The hydroboration of alkynes and alkenes in the presence of HBpin and an activator at 70 °C afforded linear vinyl and alkyl boronic esters, respectively. Selectivity up to 98% was observed for alkyl boronic esters and exclusive formation of trans product was observed for vinyl boronic esters.
Lipid lowering and Alzheimer disease risk: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Williams Dylan M. , Finan Chris , Schmidt Amand F. , Burgess Stephen , Hingorani Aroon D. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo examine whether genetic variation affecting the expression or function of lipid‐lowering drug targets is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) risk, to evaluate the potential impact of long‐term exposure to corresponding therapeutics.MethodsWe conducted Mendelian randomization analyses using variants in genes that encode the protein targets of several approved lipid‐lowering drug classes: HMGCR (encoding the target for statins), PCSK9 (encoding the target for PCSK9 inhibitors, eg, evolocumab and alirocumab), NPC1L1 (encoding the target for ezetimibe), and APOB (encoding the target of mipomersen). Variants were weighted by associations with low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) using data from lipid genetics consortia (n up to 295,826). We meta‐analyzed Mendelian randomization estimates for regional variants weighted by LDL‐C on AD risk from 2 large samples (total n = 24,718 cases, 56,685 controls).ResultsModels for HMGCR, APOB, and NPC1L1 did not suggest that the use of related lipid‐lowering drug classes would affect AD risk. In contrast, genetically instrumented exposure to PCSK9 inhibitors was predicted to increase AD risk in both of the AD samples (combined odds ratio per standard deviation lower LDL‐C inducible by the drug target = 1.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.23–1.69). This risk increase was opposite to, although more modest than, the degree of protection from coronary artery disease predicted by these same methods for PCSK9 inhibition.InterpretationWe did not identify genetic support for the repurposing of statins, ezetimibe, or mipomersen for AD prevention. Notwithstanding caveats to this genetic evidence, pharmacovigilance for AD risk among users of PCSK9 inhibitors may be warranted. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:30–39
A Solid‐State Reference Electrode Based on a Self‐Referencing Pulstrode
Authors: Gao Wenyue , Zdrachek Elena , Xie Xiaojiang , Bakker Eric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe design of solid‐state reference electrodes without a liquid junction is important to allow miniature and cost‐effective electrochemical sensors. To address this, a pulse control is proposed using an Ag/AgI element as reliable solid‐state reference electrode. It involves the local release of iodide by a cathodic current that is immediately followed by an electromotive force (EMF) measurement that serves as the reference potential. The recapture of iodide ions is achieved by potentiostatic control. This results in intermittent potential values that are reproducible to less than one millivolt (SD=0.27 mV, n=50). The ionic strength is shown to influence the activity coefficient of released iodide in accordance with the extended Debye–Hückel equation, resulting in a predictable change of the potential reading. The principle is applied to potentiometric potassium detection with a valinomycin‐based ion‐selective electrode (ISE), demonstrating a completely solid‐state sensor configuration.
Unraveling the Role of Site Isolation and Support for Semihydrogenation of Phenylacetylene
Authors: Goud Devender , Cherevotan Arjun , Maligal‐Ganesh Raghu , Ray Bitan , Ramarao S. D. , Raj Jithu , Peter Sebastian C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntermetallic compounds (IMCs) composed of transition metals and post‐transition metals function as superior heterogeneous catalysts in comparison to their monometallic and bimetallic alloy counterparts. Rendering IMCs in their nanomaterial iterations further enhances their efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate the role of PdIn as well‐dispersed intermetallic nanoparticles (IMNPs) for the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene selectively to styrene at ambient conditions. Higher selectivity of PdIn was explained with the help DOS calculations. We have explored the role of a few well‐known silica‐based supports such as SBA‐15 and MCM‐41, providing insight into how they affect catalysis. As an additional support we have explored previously reported JNC‐1, a mesoporous carbon material obtained via a templated strategy using SBA‐15. PdIn supported on SBA‐15 and JNC‐1 displayed the best dispersion, while also exhibiting the most catalytic activity due to the unique nature of the porous structure.
A full semester flow cytometry course improves graduate and undergraduate student confidence
Authors: Tueller Josie A. , Whitley Kiara V. , Weber K. Scott 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFlow cytometry is a versatile and high throughput technique for rapid and efficient biological testing. It requires a high level of conceptual, technical, and analytical skills to properly design experiments, effectively operate flow cytometry machines, and analyze the data. A lack of training and development of any of these three skills can result in underutilization and improper use of flow cytometric machines that can impede research progress. Often students develop these conceptual, technical, and analysis skills from trial and error, but many students either do not use this powerful flow cytometry technology, use it improperly or ineffectively, or give up using it without proper training and support. Here we report on a course which teaches flow cytometry skills to undergraduate and graduate students. The design of this course is unique in that it teaches conceptual, technical, and analytical skills related to flow cytometry in a full semester format. Undergraduate and graduate students reported significant increases in their confidence levels over the course of the semester. Here we provide our findings and resources for others who may want to implement a similar course.
Metals in Biotechnology: Cr‐Driven Stereoselective Reduction of Conjugated C=C Double Bonds
Authors: Rauch Marine C. R. , Gallou Yann , Delorme Léna , Paul Caroline E. , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Hollmann Frank 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElemental metals are shown to be suitable sacrificial electron donors to drive the stereoselective reduction of conjugated C=C double bonds using Old Yellow Enzymes as catalysts. Both direct electron transfer from the metal to the enzyme as well as mediated electron transfer is feasible, although the latter excels by higher reaction rates. The general applicability of this new chemoenzymatic reduction method is demonstrated, and current limitations are outlined.
Angiographically visible coronary artery collateral circulation improves prognosis in patients presenting with acute ST segment‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Alsanjari Osama , Chouari Tarak , Williams Timothy , Myat Aung , Sambu Nalyaka , Blows Lucy , Cockburn James , de Belder Adam , Hildick‐Smith David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCoronary collaterals are often seen supplying retrograde flow to an acutely occluded arterial territory. Whether this early collateralization offers prognostic benefit is not well established.MethodsWe analyzed data from all patients presenting to our regional cardiac unit with acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction requiring immediate angiography (years 1999–2017). Data on all patients is entered prospectively into a bespoke tailored database prior to knowledge of patient outcome. Only patients with TIMI 0 or 1 flow in the infarct‐related vessel were included in the analysis. In‐hospital and long‐term outcome were assessed according to the presence or absence of angiographically visible collateral flow prior to treatment of the occluded vessel.ResultsTwo thousand five hundred and forty‐two patients were included in the analysis. 76% of these (n= 1944) had TIMI 0/1 flow at angiography. Angiographically‐visible collateralization was seen in 17% (n= 322) and was more commonly observed in the right coronary artery (64%) than in the left anterior descending (25%) or Cx (6%). Cardiogenic shock (10.8%) and use of an intra‐aortic balloon pump (5.4%) were more frequent in patients without coronary collateralisation (p= .04 andp= .02, respectively). The presence of collaterals improved long term survival (95% CI 11.4–18.7 months;p< .01).ConclusionOne‐sixth of patients with STEMI have angiographically visible collaterals to the infarcted territory. Patients without collaterals are more likely to present in cardiogenic shock. The presence of angiographically visible collaterals at the time of STEMI is associated with an improved long‐term survival.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported NiCo2O4 Nano‐Rods: An Efficient, Stable and Cost‐Effective Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Narayanan Naresh , Bernaurdshaw Neppolian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of inexpensive, highly active and non‐noble catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction is extremely desirable for the practical use of direct‐methanol fuel cells. Here, we have developed a template‐free hydrothermal synthesis followed by calcination to produce highly active hybrid material of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported NiCo2O4 (NiCo2O4/rGO) nano‐rods as a non‐expensive electro‐catalyst for methanol oxidation. The electrochemical performance of the prepared NiCo2O4/rGO spinel catalyst was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Impressively, the NiCo2O4/rGO showed greater electrocatalytic activity (78 mA/cm2) and stability during methanol oxidation in comparison to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, which was 3.11 folds higher than the commercial Pt/C (25.08 mA/cm2). The NiCo2O4/rGO electrode also maintained its remarkable catalytic stability even after consecutive 500 cycles, which was ∼50 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C. The overall electroactivity of NiCo2O4/rGO was remarkably enhanced by the synergistic effect between NiCo2O4 and rGO. This may be due to the formation of mixed‐valence cations of Ni2+ and Co3+ from the octahedral sites and high electron‐transfer conductivity of rGO as well.
A Novel Earth‐Abundant W‐WC Heterojunction as Efficient Co‐Catalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2Evolution
Authors: Ma Baojun , Zhang Sipeng , Wang Wei , Feng Li , Zhang Ruisheng , Lin Keying , Li Dekang , Zhan Haijuan , Yang Xu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNew functional materials are of significance for the industry development of coal and tungsten. Here, we reported a novel earth‐abundant W‐WC heterojunction on CdS as an efficient and cheap co‐catalyst for photocatalytic H2evolution on CdS under visible light irradiation. The W‐WC is simply synthesized from industrial raw material of coal and ammonium tungstate by a simple one‐step calcination strategy. The photocatalytic activities tests show that W‐WC heterojunction has better co‐catalytic performance than W or WC alone, and the optimal photocatalytic activity of W‐WC/CdS reaches 3314 μmol/h/g, which are17.4 and 2.6 times larger than that of CdS and Pt/CdS alone, respectively. Electrochemical tests demonstrate the WC has large specific capacitance and acts as electron reservoir storing the photo‐excited electron from CdS, whereas W mainly acts as the catalytic center. The heterojunction formed between W and WC is favorable for the electron transferring. The different functions of W and WC along with the heterojunction between W and WC account for the superiority of W‐WC. The design and fabrication strategy of the W‐WC heterojunction co‐catalyst benefits for the industrial development of new material and photocatalysis.
pH‐Responsive Side Chains as a Tool to Control Aqueous Self‐Assembly Mechanisms
Authors: Kartha Kalathil K. , Wendler Felix , Rudolph Tobias , Biehl Philip , Fernández Gustavo , Schacher F. H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractpH‐Tunable nanoscale morphology and self‐assembly mechanism of a series of oligo(p‐phenyleneethynylene) (OPE)‐based bolaamphiphiles featuring poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) side chains of different length and degree of hydrolysis are described. Protonation and deprotonation of the PEI chains by changing the pH alters the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the systems and, in turn, the strength of intermolecular interactions between the hydrophobic OPE moieties. Low pH values (3) lead to weak interaction between the OPEs and result in spherical nanoparticles, in which aggregation follows an isodesmic mechanism. In contrast, higher pH values (11) induce deprotonation of the polymer chains and lead to a stronger, cooperative aggregation into anisotropic nanostructures. Our results demonstrate that pH‐responsive chains can be exploited as a tool to tune self‐assembly mechanisms, which opens exciting possibilities to develop new stimuli‐responsive materials.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 5‐year survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer: A Danish population‐based cohort study
Authors: de Fine Licht Sofie , Maraldo Maja V. , Specht Lena , Nielsen Thomas T. , Winther Jeanette F. , Rugbjerg Kathrine 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAn increased risk of metabolic syndrome has been reported for childhood cancer survivors and for adult survivors with certain cancer types. One previous study reported on the risk for diseases in the metabolic syndrome specifically among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers.MethodsThe study comprised 11,822 five‐year survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer (ages 15‐39 years at diagnosis) who were diagnosed during the period from 1994 through 2009 in Denmark and a population‐based comparison cohort of 76,024 individuals. The cohorts were linked to Danish nationwide registries for information on hospital contacts and purchase of prescription drugs related to metabolic syndrome, respectively. Standardized rate ratios (RRs) for hospital contacts (SHRRs) and prescriptions (SPRRs) with 95% CIs were calculated for diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.ResultsSurvivors had increased risks for hospital contacts and prescriptions for diabetes (SHRR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.43; SPRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.96‐1.23), hyperlipidemia (SHRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.40; SPRR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08‐1.25), and hypertension (SHRR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15‐1.41; SPRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.20‐1.31). The highest risks for hospitalizations were among survivors of brain cancer (RR, 2.94 for diabetes) and Hodgkin lymphoma (RR, 2.40 for diabetes). Survivors of brain cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma were most likely to purchase prescription drugs for diseases in metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsSurvivors of adolescent and young adult cancer are at increased risk of hospital contacts and purchase of prescription drugs for diseases in metabolic syndrome. Survivors at high risk should be followed closely to improve prevention, early detection, and management of these diseases to ultimately minimize the risk of cardiovascular diseases.