bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of acute and chronic food shortage on human population equilibrium in a subsistence setting
Authors: Tomiyama Joshua-Michael , Takagi Daisuke , Kantar Michael B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground World population is projected to reach 9–11 billion by 2050, raising concerns about food system security and sustainability. Modeling food systems are often a way to understand current and future dynamics. The most common model, first articulated by Malthus (Malthusian), shows population growth as an exponential function and food production as a linear function, concluding that human carrying capacity will be reached leading to mass starvation. Another prominent model was introduced by Boserup (Boserupian), which explains increases in food production as a function of population growth.Methodology Here, we explore which food systems dynamics exist at equilibrium and after perturbation. The model introduced explores food availability in an isolated village and then in a line of villages. The isolated village model includes three key parameters: maximum calorie production (a), food production resilience (b), and minimum calorie requirement per person (c). The multiple village model adds an additional parameter for trade.Results Isolated village populations are more resilient to famine than Malthusian theory predicts, suggesting that Malthus’ premise may be inaccurate. Predictably, across multiple villages increasing access and production reduce famine. However, under certain conditions large amounts of transport can lead to antagonist relationships leading to rapid changes in population.Conclusion Food systems under both production and access scenarios proved to be resilient to small perturbations, requiring a large catastrophe to induce mortality; this appeared to discount the Malthusian model. This model can create dynamics where different modes of famine relief apply, but here we see that a balanced approach of both access and production appears to be the most resilient to famine.
Expression of p52, a non-canonical NF-kappaB transcription factor, is associated with poor ovarian cancer prognosis
Authors: Hufnagel Demetra H. , Wilson Andrew J. , Saxon Jamie , Blackwell Timothy S. , Watkins Jaclyn , Khabele Dineo , Crispens Marta A. , Yull Fiona E. , Beeghly-Fadiel Alicia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The canonical and non-canonical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathways have key roles in cancer, but studies have previously evaluated only the association of canonical transcription factors and ovarian cancer survival. Although a number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated mechanisms by which non-canonical NF-κB signaling potentially contributes to ovarian cancer progression, a prognostic association has yet to be shown in the clinical context.

Methods
We assayed p65 and p52 (major components of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways) by immunohistochemistry in epithelial ovarian tumor samples; nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were semi-quantified by H-scores and dichotomized at median values. Associations of p65 and p52 with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were quantified by Hazard Ratios (HR) from proportional-hazards regression.

Results
Among 196 cases, median p52 and p65 H-scores were higher in high-grade serous cancers. Multivariable regression models indicated that higher p52 was associated with higher hazards of disease progression (cytoplasmic HR: 1.54; nuclear HR: 1.67) and death (cytoplasmic HR: 1.53; nuclear HR: 1.49), while higher nuclear p65 was associated with only a higher hazard of disease progression (HR: 1.40) in unadjusted models. When cytoplasmic and nuclear staining were combined, p52 remained significantly associated with increased hazards of disease progression (HR: 1.91, p = 0.004) and death (HR: 1.70, p = 0.021), even after adjustment for p65 and in analyses among only high-grade serous tumors.

Conclusions
This is the first study to demonstrate that p52, a major component of non-canonical NF-κB signaling, may be an independent prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian cancer, particularly high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Approaches to inhibit non-canonical NF-κB signaling should be explored as novel ovarian cancer therapies are needed.
Smart multimedia learning of ICT: role and impact on language learners’ writing fluency— YouTube online English learning resources as an example
Authors: Alobaid Azzam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work seeks to determine if and how much the smart learning environment of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools like YouTube can help improve learners’ fluency of language use and expression in their daily written communication. This research highlights and takes advantage of the potential role and features of multimedia brought to the language learner by the ICT tools, taking YouTube online English learning resources as an example of this smart learning environment. This work hypothesizes that learners who engage with, expose themselves more to and leverage such online language materials could develop their fluency of daily language use and expression in writing over time. The findings of this research show that there is a statistically significant difference in some but not all aspects of the learners’ writing fluency; basically, the accuracy and organization of ideas as qualitative dimensions of fluency improved after the actual exposure to YouTube over five months as long as factors like engagement, enhancement and intelligibility are provided by its multi-mediated input. However, other aspects of fluency in writing could develop slightly but with no statistically significant difference. Also, compared to other sources of language learning in the learners’ environment, multimedia educational tools developed by ICT like the widely known platform YouTube can be more effective and thus strongly recommended equally for language learners and teachers where optimization of writing fluency is the target of learning. This paper is a work-in-progress that investigates the role and impact of smart learning environment of ICT multi-media on English language learners’ fluency and accuracy of use and expression in speaking and writing.
Reconsideration of the transoral odontoidectomy in complex craniovertebral junction patients with irreducible anterior compression
Authors: Wang Xingwen , Ma Longbing , Liu Zhenlei , Chen Zan , Wu Hao , Jian Fengzeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Although the single-stage posterior realignment craniovertebral junction (CVJ) surgery could treat most of the basilar invagination (BI) and atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD), there are still some cases with incomplete decompression of the spinal cord, which remains a technique challenging situation.

Methods
Eleven patients were included with remained myelopathic symptoms after posterior correction due to incomplete decompression of the spinal cord. Transoral odontoidectomy assisted by image-guided navigation and intraoperative CT was performed. Clinical assessment and image measurements were performed preoperatively and at the most recent follow-up.

Results
Eleven patients were followed up for an average of 47 months. Symptoms were alleviated in 10 of 11 patients (90.9%). One patient died of an unknown reason 1 week after the transoral approach. The clinical and radiological parameters pre- and postoperatively were reported.

Conclusion
Transoral odontoidectomy as a salvage surgery is safe and effective for properly selected BI and AAD patients after inadequate indirect decompression from posterior distraction and fixation. Image-guided navigation and intraoperative CT can provide precise information and accurate localization during operation, thus enabling complete resection of the odontoid process and decompression of the spinal cord.
Abbreviated Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Supplemental Screening of Women With Dense Breasts and Average Risk
Authors: Weinstein Susan P. , Korhonen Katrina , Cirelli Claire , Schnall Mitchell D. , McDonald Elizabeth S. , Pantel Austin R. , Zuckerman Samantha , Borthakur Ari , Conant Emily F. 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE Although mammography is the standard of care for breast cancer screening, dense breast tissue decreases mammographic sensitivity. We report the prevalent cancer detection rate (CDR) from the first clinical implementation of abbreviated breast magnetic resonance imaging (AB-MR) as a supplemental screening test in women with dense breasts. METHODS The study was approved by the institutional review board and is Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act complaint. This retrospective review includes women who were imaged between January 1, 2016 and February 28, 2019. On a 1.5 Tesla magnet, the imaging protocol consisted of three sequences: Short-TI Inversion Recovery (STIR), precontrast, and postcontrast. A subtraction sequence and a maximum intensity projection were generated. We report the patient-level CDR and the positive predictive value of AB-MR examinations after negative/benign digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). RESULTS Out of 511 prevalent rounds of AB-MR examinations, 36 women were excluded. The remaining 475 asymptomatic women with dense breasts had negative/benign DBT examinations before the AB-MR. There were 420 of 475 (88.4%) benign/negative examinations, 13 of 475 (2.7%) follow-up recommendations, and 42 biopsy recommendations. Thirty-nine biopsies were completed, resulting in 12/39 (30.8%) malignancies in 12 women: seven invasive carcinomas and five ductal carcinoma in situ. One additional patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma at the time of 6-month follow-up. The CDR was 27.4 per 1,000 (13 of 475; 95% CI, 16.1 to 46.3). The size of invasive carcinomas ranged from 0.6-1.0 cm (mean, 0.5 cm). Of the seven women who underwent surgical evaluation of the axilla, zero of seven patients had positive nodes. There were no interval cancers at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Preliminary results from clinical implementation of screening AB-MR resulted in a CDR of 27.4/1,000 at the patient level after DBT in women with dense breasts. Additional evaluation is warranted.
Survival in Patients With Brain Metastases: Summary Report on the Updated Diagnosis-Specific Graded Prognostic Assessment and Definition of the Eligibility Quotient
Authors: Sperduto Paul W. , Mesko Shane , Li Jing , Cagney Daniel , Aizer Ayal , Lin Nancy U. , Nesbit Eric , Kruser Tim J. , Chan Jason , Braunstein Steve , Lee Jessica , Kirkpatrick John P. , Breen Will , Brown Paul D. , Shi Diana , Shih Helen A. , Soliman Hany , Sahgal Arjun , Shanley Ryan , Sperduto William A. , Lou Emil , Everett Ashlyn , Boggs Drexell H. , Masucci Laura , Roberge David , Remick Jill , Plichta Kristin , Buatti John M. , Jain Supriya , Gaspar Laurie E. , Wu Cheng-Chia , Wang Tony J.C. , Bryant John , Chuong Michael , An Yi , Chiang Veronica , Nakano Toshimichi , Aoyama Hidefumi , Mehta Minesh P. 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE Conventional wisdom has rendered patients with brain metastases ineligible for clinical trials for fear that poor survival could mask the benefit of otherwise promising treatments. Our group previously published the diagnosis-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA). Updates with larger contemporary cohorts using molecular markers and newly identified prognostic factors have been published. The purposes of this work are to present all the updated indices in a single report to guide treatment choice, stratify research, and define an eligibility quotient to expand eligibility. METHODS A multi-institutional database of 6,984 patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases underwent multivariable analyses of prognostic factors and treatments associated with survival for each primary site. Significant factors were used to define the updated GPA. GPAs of 4.0 and 0.0 correlate with the best and worst prognoses, respectively. RESULTS Significant prognostic factors varied by diagnosis and new prognostic factors were identified. Those factors were incorporated into the updated GPA with robust separation ( P < .01) between subgroups. Survival has improved, but varies widely by GPA for patients with non–small-cell lung, breast, melanoma, GI, and renal cancer with brain metastases from 7-47 months, 3-36 months, 5-34 months, 3-17 months, and 4-35 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Median survival varies widely and our ability to estimate survival for patients with brain metastases has improved. The updated GPA (available free at brainmetgpa.com) provides an accurate tool with which to estimate survival, individualize treatment, and stratify clinical trials. Instead of excluding patients with brain metastases, enrollment should be encouraged and those trials should be stratified by the GPA to ensure those trials make appropriate comparisons. Furthermore, we recommend the expansion of eligibility to allow for the enrollment of patients with previously treated brain metastases who have a 50% or greater probability of an additional year of survival (eligibility quotient > 0.50).
Association Between Behavioral and Learning Outcomes and Single Exposures to Procedures Requiring General Anesthesia Before Age 3: Secondary Analysis of Data From Olmsted County, MN
Authors: Warner David O. , Hu Danqing , Zaccariello Michael J. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Hanson Andrew C. , Wilder Robert T. , Sprung Juraj , Flick Randall P. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
Two prior population-based (children born in Olmsted County, MN), retrospective cohort studies both found that multiple exposures to anesthesia before age 3 were associated with a significant increase in the frequency of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LD) later in life. The primary purpose of this secondary analysis of these data was to test the hypothesis that a single exposure to anesthesia before age 3 was associated with an increased risk of ADHD. We also examined the association of single exposures with LD and the need for individualized educational plans as secondary outcomes.

METHODS:
This analysis includes 5339 children who were unexposed to general anesthesia before age 3 (4876 born from 1976 to 1982 and 463 born from 1996 to 2000), and 1054 children who had a single exposure to anesthesia before age 3 (481 born from 1976 to 1982 and 573 born from 1996 to 2000). The primary outcome of interest was ADHD. Secondary outcomes included LD (reading, mathematics, and written language) and the need for individualized educational programs (speech/language and emotion/behavior). To compare the incidence of each outcome between those who were unexposed and singly exposed to anesthesia before the age of 3 years, an inverse probability of treatment weighted proportional hazards model was used.

RESULTS:
For children not exposed to anesthesia, the estimated cumulative frequency (95% confidence interval [CI]) of ADHD at age 18 was 7.3% (95% CI, 6.5–8.1) and 13.0% (95% CI, 10.1–16.8) for the 1976–1982 and 1996–2000 cohorts, respectively. For children exposed to a single anesthetic before age 3, the cumulative frequency of ADHD was 8.1% (95% CI, 5.3–12.4) and 17.6% (95% CI, 14.0–21.9) for the 1976–1982 and 1996–2000 cohorts, respectively. In weighted analyses, single exposures were not significantly associated with an increased frequency of ADHD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 0.91–1.60; P = .184). Single exposures were also not associated with an increased frequency of any LD (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.78–1.23), or the need for individualized education plans.

CONCLUSIONS:
This analysis did not find evidence that single exposures to procedures requiring general anesthesia, before age 3, are associated with an increased risk of developing ADHD, LD, or the need for individualized educational plans in later life.
β-lactamases (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTXM-1, bla VEB, bla OXA-1) and class C β-lactamases gene frequency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross sectional study
Authors: Abdelrahman Dina N. , Taha Aya A. , Dafaallah Mazar M. , Mohammed Alaa Abdelgafoor , El Hussein Abdel Rahim M. , Hashim Ahmed I. , Hamedelnil Yousif F. , Altayb Hisham N. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, causing nosocomial infections with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to a large group of antibiotics, including β-lactams. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern to selected antibiotics and to index the first reported β-lactamases gene (extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes and class C β-lactamases genes) frequency in Ps. aeruginosa in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: 121 Ps. aeruginosa clinical isolates from various clinical specimens were used in this cross-sectional study conducted in Khartoum State. A total of 80 isolates were confirmed as Ps. aeruginosa through conventional identification methods and species-specific primers (the remaining 40 isolates were other bacterial species). The susceptibility pattern of the confirmed isolates to selected antibiotics was done following the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of seven β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaVEB, blaOXA-1, blaAmpC and blaDHA). Results: Of the 80 confirmed Ps. aeruginosa isolates, 8 (10%) were resistant to Imipenem while all isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav (100%). A total of 43 (54%) Ps. aeruginosa isolates were positive for ESBLs genes, while 27 (34%) were positive for class C β-lactamases, and 20 (25%) were positive for both classes. Frequency of ESBLs genes was as follows: blaTEM, 19 (44.2%); blaSHV, 16 (37.2%); blaCTX-M1, 10 (23.3%); blaVEB, 14 (32.6%); and blaOXA-1, 7 (16.3%). Occurrence of class C β-lactamases genes was blaAmpC 22 (81.5%) and blaDHA 8 (29.6%). In total, 3 (11.1%) isolates were positive for both blaAmpC and blaDHA genes. Conclusion: Ps. aeruginosa isolates showed a high rate of β-lactamases production, with co-resistance to other antibiotic classes. The lowest resistance rate of Ps. aeruginosa was to Imipenem followed by Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. No statistically significant relationship between production of β-lactamases in Ps. aeruginosa and resistance to third generation cephalosporins was found.
Distribution-Free Inventory Risk Pooling in a Multilocation Newsvendor
Authors: Govindarajan Aravind , Sinha Amitabh , Uichanco Joline 
Published: September 2020

We study a multilocation newsvendor network when the only information available on the joint distribution of demands are the values of its mean vector and covariance matrix. We adopt a distributionally robust model to find inventory levels that minimize the worst-case expected cost among the distributions consistent with this information. This problem is NP-hard. We find a closed-form tight bound on the expected cost when there are only two locations. This bound is tight under a family of joint demand distributions with six support points. For the general case, we develop a computationally tractable upper bound on the worst-case expected cost if the costs of fulfilling demands have a nested structure. This upper bound is the optimal value of a semidefinite program whose dimensions are polynomial in the number of locations. We propose an algorithm that can approximate general fulfillment cost structures by nested structures, yielding a computationally tractable heuristic for distributionally robust inventory optimization on general newsvendor networks. We conduct experiments on networks resembling U.S. e-commerce distribution networks to show the value of a distributionally robust approach over a stochastic approach that assumes an incorrect demand distribution. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.
Ciência da Informação e design de interação
Authors: Drumond Karine Coutinho , Dias Célia da Consolação 
Published: September 2020

A resolução de problemas complexos da atual sociedade da informação exige uma abordagem multidisciplinar e atitude de colaboração entre áreas do conhecimento. O projeto de biblioteca digital é um destes problemas complexos, uma vez que combina aspectos tecnológicos, estruturais, de organização da informação e também de design. Partindo do pressuposto de interlocução entre a Ciência da Informação e do Design de Interação, este estudo visa responder a seguinte questão: “Que interlocuções e elos existem entre as duas áreas?” e "Que contribuições esta interlocução apresenta para projetos de bibliotecas digitais? A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica foram levantados possíveis elos e posteriormente criado um mapa conceitual a fim de descrever qualitativamente e identificar as relações e interlocuções que se estabelecem entre as duas áreas em projetos de bibliotecas digitais. Conclui-se que a interlocução acontece em duas dimensões principais: (1) dimensão histórica, uma vez que as áreas compartilham das influências histórias que as originaram e (2) dimensão de projeto: o projeto de biblioteca digital envolve conhecimentos tanto do ponto de vista de organização e representação da informação, questões centrais da CI, quando a necessidade de compreender as necessidades de usuários para projetar melhores interfaces e interações entre sistemas e pessoas (questão central do design). Outros elos também são discutidos, como os estudos com usuários, a interação humano-computador, a cognição, a usabilidade e design centrado no usuário.
THE FUNCTIONAL READINESS OF ATHLETES FROM CYCLIC SPORTS
Authors: Kornyakova V , Badtieva V , Сonway V 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The study aims at assessing the functional status of highly skilled athletes from track-and-field and ski sports and determining fatigue criteria. Materials and methods. Highly skilled track-and-field athletes (43) and skiers (16) underwent examination at the preparatory stage of a training cycle. The functional readiness of athletes was assessed using questionnaires, anthropometric, physiological and biochemical research methods. Results. According to the medical history and questionnaire data, all athletes were divided into two groups: the first group included subjects without any signs of fatigue, the second group comprised athletes with fatigue complaints. In athletes with fatigue complaints, increased heart rate was recorded both at rest and after the recovery period; physical efficiency reduced by 28 %, maximum oxygen consumption – by 17.7 %. Heart rate variability in these athletes demonstrates the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and increased stress index of the regulatory systems. Glutathione content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were lower in the erythrocytes of the second group. Some alterations in physiological and biochemical data of the second group demonstrated the presence of physical fatigue. Conclusion. 37.3 % of athletes from cyclic sports experienced any fatigue. The data of antioxidant protection, physical efficiency, maximum oxygen consumption and heart rate variabi­lity can be used for a comprehensive assessment of functional readiness and physical fatigue in athletes.