bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Associated With Early and Late Posttraumatic Multiorgan Failure: An Analysis From RETRAUCI
Authors: Barea-Mendoza Jesús A. , Chico-Fernández Mario , Molina-Díaz Ismael , Moreno-Muñoz Gerard , Toboso-Casado José M. , Viña-Soria Lucía , Matachana-Martínez María , Freire-Aragón María D. , Pérez-Bárcena Jon , Llompart-Pou Juan A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To analyze factors associated with the development of early and late multiorgan failure (MOF) in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods:
Spanish Trauma ICU Registry (RETRAUCI). Data collected from 52 trauma ICU between March 2015 and December 2019. We analyzed the incidence, outcomes, and the risk factors associated with early (< 72 h) or late (beyond 72 h) MOF in trauma ICU patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze associated factors.

Results:
After excluding patients with incomplete data, 9,598 trauma ICU patients constituted the study population. Up to 965 patients (10.1%) presented with MOF, distributed by early MOF in 780 patients (8.1%) and late MOF in 185 patients (1.9%). The multivariate analysis showed that early MOF was associated with: ISS ≥ 16 (OR 2.80), hemodynamic instability (OR from 2.03 to 43.05), trauma-associated coagulopathy (OR 2.32), and acute kidney injury (OR 4.10). Late MOF was associated with: age > 65 years (OR 1.52), hemodynamic instability (OR from 1.92 to 9.94), acute kidney injury (OR 4.22), and nosocomial infection (OR 17.23). MOF was closely related to mortality (crude OR (95% CI) 4.77 (4.22–5.40)).

Conclusions:
Multiorgan failure was recorded in 10% of trauma ICU patients, with early MOF being the predominant form. Early and late MOF forms were associated with different risk factors, suggesting different pathophysiological pathways. Early MOF was associated with higher severity of injury and severe bleeding-related complications and late MOF with advanced age and nosocomial infection.
Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Incidence
Authors: Nelson Jonas A. , Dabic Stefan , Mehrara Babak J. , Cordeiro Peter G. , Disa Joseph J. , Pusic Andrea L. , Matros Evan , Dayan Joseph H. , Allen Robert J. , Coriddi Michelle , Polanco Thais O. , Shamsunder Meghana G. , Wiser Itay , Morrow Monica , Dogan Ahmet , Cavalli Michele R. , Encarnacion Elizabeth , Lee Meghan E. , McCarthy Colleen M. 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
This study sought to estimate the incidence and incidence rate of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) at a high-volume single institution, which enables vigorous long-term follow-up and implant tracking for more accurate estimates.

Summary Background Data:
The reported incidence of BIA-ALCL is highly variable, ranging from 1 in 355 to 1 in 30,000 patients, demonstrating a need for more accurate estimates.

Methods:
All patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction from 1991 to 2017 were retrospectively identified. The incidence and incidence rate of BIA-ALCL were estimated per patient and per implant. A time-to-event analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier estimator and life table.

Results:
During the 26-year study period, 9373 patients underwent reconstruction with 16,065 implants, of which 9589 (59.7%) were textured. Eleven patients were diagnosed with BIA-ALCL, all of whom had a history of textured implants. The overall incidence of BIA-ALCL was 1.79 per 1000 patients (1 in 559) with textured implants and 1.15 per 1000 textured implants (1 in 871), with a median time to diagnosis of 10.3 years (range, 6.4–15.5 yrs). Time-to-event analysis demonstrated a BIA-ALCL cumulative incidence of 0 at up to 6 years, increasing to 4.4 per 1000 patients at 10 to 12 years and 9.4 per 1000 patients at 14 to 16 years, although a sensitivity analysis showed loss to follow-up may have skewed these estimates.

Conclusions:
BIA-ALCL incidence and incidence rates may be higher than previous epidemiological estimates, with incidence increasing over time, particularly in patients exposed to textured implants for longer than 10 years.
Development and Validation of an Image-based Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Synchronous Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yuan Zixu , Xu Tingyang , Cai Jian , Zhao Yebiao , Cao Wuteng , Fichera Alessandro , Liu Xiaoxia , Yao Jianhua , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
The aim of this study was to build a SVM classifier using ResNet-3D algorithm by artificial intelligence for prediction of synchronous PC.

Background:
Adequate detection and staging of PC from CRC remain difficult.

Methods:
The primary tumors in synchronous PC were delineated on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images. The features of adjacent peritoneum were extracted to build a ResNet3D + SVM classifier. The performance of ResNet3D + SVM classifier was evaluated in the test set and was compared to routine CT which was evaluated by radiologists.

Results:
The training set consisted of 19,814 images from 54 patients with PC and 76 patients without PC. The test set consisted of 7837 images from 40 test patients. The ResNet-3D spent only 34 seconds to analyze the test images. To increase the accuracy of PC detection, we have built a SVM classifier by integrating ResNet-3D features with twelve PC-specific features (P < 0.05). The ResNet3D + SVM classifier showed accuracy of 94.11% with AUC of 0.922 (0.912–0.944), sensitivity of 93.75%, specificity of 94.44%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 93.75%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 94.44% in the test set. The performance was superior to routine contrast-enhanced CT (AUC: 0.791).

Conclusions:
The ResNet3D + SVM classifier based on deep learning algorithm using ResNet-3D framework has shown great potential in prediction of synchronous PC in CRC.
Pathological Regression of Lymph Nodes Better Predicts Long-term Survival in Esophageal Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery
Authors: Hagi Takaomi , Makino Tomoki , Yamasaki Makoto , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Saito Takuro , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Motoori Masaaki , Kimura Yutaka , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Morii Eiichi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
To evaluate pathological response to NAC in metastatic LNs, and assess its clinical prognostic significance in patients with EC.

Summary of Background Data:
The pathological response to preoperative treatment is commonly evaluated in the PT. However, LN metastases strongly correlate with systemic micro-metastases. Thus, pathological evaluation of LN response could more accurately predict prognosis in EC patients undergoing NAC before surgery.

Methods:
We enrolled 371 consecutive patients who underwent triplet NAC followed by surgery for EC between January 2010 and December 2016. Pathological LN regression grade was defined by the proportion of viable tumor area within the whole tumor bed area for all metastatic LNs: grade I, >50%; II, 10%–50%; III, <10%; and IV, 0%. We analyzed the correlation of grade with clinico-pathological parameters.

Results:
Among 319 patients with clinically positive LNs, pathological LN regression grades were I/II/III/IV in 115/51/58/95 patients, and 191 patients (59.9%) showed discordance between the PT and LN pathological regression grades. LN regression grade significantly correlated with cN positive number, ypTNM, lymphovascular invasion, and clinical/pathological PT response. Multivariate analysis for recurrence-free survival revealed that LN regression grade [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.25, P < 0.001], ypT (HR = 1.65, P = 0.005), and ypT (HR = 1.62, P = 0.004) were independent prognostic factors, but not pathological PT regression grade (P = 0.67).

Conclusions:
Compared to PT response, pathological LN response better predicted long-term survival in EC patients who received NAC plus curative surgery.
Relation of Gastric Volume With Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy: Results of a Prospective Analysis
Authors: Pilone Vincenzo , Tramontano Salvatore , Cutolo Carmen , Griguolo Giulia , Di Spirito Federica , Pagano Antonio M. , Sbordone Ludovico 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Postoperative sleeve volume (SV) is a key factor in evaluating the results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). An objective measurement of SV was obtained with 3-dimensional computed tomographic (3DCT) reconstruction. Several studies have compared SV with percent excess weight loss (%EWL), identifying an inverse relationship. We hypothesized that gastric capacity is one of the factors responsible for weight loss after LSG.

Objectives:
Outcomes of the study were the analysis of the inverse correlation between SV and weight loss (%EWL and body mass index) at the 12-month follow-up, and evaluation of SV in the group with %EWL >50%. In addition, the failure rate was quantified in the SV >180 mL group.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective study with the collection of data. All patients who received LSG from January to December 2017 were evaluated. Computed tomography was performed on the upper abdomen at 12 months postoperatively to measure the SV using a standardized technique involving gastric distension.

Results:
A total of 42 patients were considered for 3DCT evaluation at the 12-month follow-up. A significant linear inverse relation was reported between SV and %EWL (P<0.05); a similar trend, without significant results, was reported for body mass index loss. The entire cohort was subdivided according to %EWL. A %EWL<50% presented a significantly higher mean SV (P<0.01) than %EWL >50%. SV >180 mL was powerful in predicting abnormal gastric distension. Over this value, %EWL was lower than that in the remaining group (P<0.05, 31.9% vs. 51.8%).

Conclusions:
Our results confirmed a direct relation between SV and %EWL. Objective evaluation of gastric compliance obtained with 3DCT should be used intensively for LSG.
Visceral fat reduction and increase of intracellular fluid in weight loss participants on antihypertension medication
Authors: Dembrowski Gerald C. , Barnes Jessica W. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
Complex physiological interactions between hypertension and obesity contribute to and perpetuate a heightened morbidity and mortality. With the prevalence of both hypertension and obesity reaching epidemic proportions, we asked whether antihypertensive medications affect the ability of participants to achieve the same level of body composition improvements as other participants in a comprehensive weight loss program focused on reduction of visceral adipose tissue.

Methods
Data was analyzed from 2200 subjects completing a commercially available, expert supervised weight loss program including ~6 weeks of a proprietary, nutritionally complete, very low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by a ~3-week structured transition back to a normal dietary intake. Overall, 33% of the subjects reported taking at least one prescription antihypertensive medication.

Results
Our data show participants in both groups (± antihypertensive drugs) achieved clinically relevant and statistically significant improvements in standard measures of weight loss and endpoints directly related to inflammation and hypertension.

Conclusion
A nonpharmacologic, nonsurgical VLCD-based weight loss and metabolic health program is capable of producing clinically meaningful improvements in body composition and physiological endpoints, including those linked to hypertension, cardiovascular disease and inflammation, and is as equally effective for adults taking prescription antihypertensives as it is for those participants who are not.
COVID-19 in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy in Scotland: findings and experience from the Scottish Renal Registry
Authors: Bell Samira , Campbell Jacqueline , McDonald Jackie , O’Neill Martin , Watters Chrissie , Buck Katharine , Cousland Zoe , Findlay Mark , Lone Nazir I , Metcalfe Wendy , Methven Shona , Peel Robert , Almond Alison , Sanu Vinod , Spalding Elaine , Thomson Peter C , Mark Patrick B , Traynor Jamie P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionInfection with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a worldwide pandemic with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, overwhelming healthcare systems globally. Preliminary reports suggest a high incidence of infection and mortality with SARS-CoV-2 in patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT). The aims of this study are to report characteristics, rates and outcomes of all patients affected by infection with SARS-CoV-2 undergoing RRT in Scotland.MethodsStudy design was an observational cohort study. Data were linked between the Scottish Renal Registry, Health Protection Scotland and the Scottish Intensive Care Society Audit Group national data sets using a unique patient identifier (Community Health Index (CHI)) for each individual by the Public Health and Intelligence unit of Public Health, Scotland. Descriptive statistics and survival analyses were performed.ResultsDuring the period 1stMarch 2020 to 31stMay 2020, 110 patients receiving RRT tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 amounting to 2% of the prevalent RRT population. Of those affected, 87 were receiving haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis and 24 had a renal transplant. Patients who tested positive were older and more likely to reside in more deprived postcodes. Mortality was high at 26.7% in the dialysis patients and 29.2% in the transplant patients.ConclusionThe rate of detected SARS-CoV-2 in people receiving RRT in Scotland was relatively low but with a high mortality for those demonstrating infection. Although impossible to confirm, it appears that the measures taken within dialysis units coupled with the national shielding policy, have been effective in protecting this population from infection.
Recruitment of Older African Americans in Alzheimer’s Disease Clinical Trials Using A Community Education Approach
Authors: Shaw Ashley R. , Perales-Puchalt Jaime , Moore Todd , Weatherspoon Patricia , Robinson Melissa , Hill Carl V. , Vidoni Eric D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAfrican Americans are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) and are two times more likely to develop ADRD compared to their White counterparts. Despite the higher prevalence of ADRD among older African Americans, recent estimates suggest research enrollment by those who identify as African American remains limited. The purpose of the study is to 1) explore how a culturally tailored community education program impacts clinical trial interest and enrollment in ADRD research studies and to 2) identify how applicable the African American community perceived the culturally tailored curriculum. Using a community-engaged research approach, we collaborated with predominately African American serving community-based organizations to support content development and delivery of Aging with Grace (AWG), a culturally tailored ADRD educational curriculum. A total of five AWG presentations were given to 66 attendees. Most attendees (67%) expressed interest in participating in clinical trials after attending AWG. Enrollment increased within an observational study (84%) and lifestyle prevention clinical trials (52%) from 2018 to 2019. Attendees (32%) also perceived an increase in ADRD knowledge from attending AWG and 89.1% believed more African Americans should participate in research. Our work demonstrates the effectiveness of a culturally tailored community education program to enhance knowledge, clinical trial interest, and recruitment into observational studies and lifestyle ADRD clinical trials among older African Americans. Education programs developed in partnership with the community can serve as bridge to research participation for under-represented minorities in clinical research. Future studies should assess long-term retention of knowledge and research readiness.
Evaluation of the microbial community structure of potable water samples from occupied and unoccupied buildings using16S rRNA amplicon sequencing
Authors: Smith Kimothy L , Shuman Howard A , Findeisen Douglas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe conducted two studies of water samples from buildings with normal occupancy and water usage compared to water from buildings that were unoccupied with little or no water usage due to the COVID-19 shutdown. Study 1 had 52 water samples obtainedad hocfrom buildings in four metropolitan locations in different states in the US and a range of building types. Study 2 had 36 water samples obtained from two buildings in one metropolitan location with matched water sample types. One of the buildings had been continuously occupied, and the other substantially vacant for approximately 3 months. All water samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing with a MinION from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. More than 127 genera of bacteria were identified, including genera with members that are known to include more than 50 putative frank and opportunistic pathogens. While specific results varied among sample locations, 16S rRNA amplicon abundance and the diversity of bacteria were higher in water samples from unoccupied buildings than normally occupied buildings as was the abundance of sequenced amplicons of genera known to include pathogenic bacterial members. In both studiesLegionellaamplicon abundance was relatively small compared to the abundance of the other bacteria in the samples. Indeed, when present, the relative abundance ofLegionellaamplicons was lower in samples from unoccupied buildings.Legionelladid not predominate in any of the water samples and were found, on average, in 9.6% of samples in Study 1 and 8.3% of samples in Study 2.SynopsisComparison of microbial community composition in the plumbing of occupied and unoccupied buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the rate of human schistosomiasis reinfection
Authors: Zacharia Abdallah , Mushi Vivian , Makene Twilumba 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile praziquantel mass drug administration is currently the most widely used method in the control of human schistosomiasis, it does not prevent subsequent reinfection hence persistent transmission. Towards schistosomiasis elimination, understanding the reinfection rate is crucial in planning for the future interventions. However, there is scarcity information on the global schistosomiasis reinfection rate.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at summarizing studies that estimated the human schistosomiasis reinfection rate.Materials and methodsThe protocol for this review was prepared to guide authors throughout the process. However, registration was not sought. Three data bases (PubMed, Hinari and Google Scholar) were thoroughly searched to retrieve original research articles presenting data on human schistosomiasis reinfection rate. Study quality and risk of bias was assessed based on Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Meta-analysis was conducted using statistical R version 3.6.2 and R Studio using “meta” and “metafor” packages. Heterogeneity and publication bias of the studies were determined using Q – test and Egger’s regression test respectively. Random effect model was employed to estimate pooled reinfection rates.ResultsA total of 29 studies met inclusion criteria to be included in this review. All studies had at least satisfactory (5 – 9 scores) quality. The overal calculated and pooled schistosomiasis reinfection rates were 36.1% (±23.3%) and 33.2% (95% CI, 26.5 – 40.5%) respectively. For intestinal schistosomiasis, the calculated and pooled reinfection rates were 43.9% (±20.6%) and 43.4% (95% CI, 35.8 – 51.4%), and that for urogenital schistosomiasis were 17.6% (±10.8%) and 19.4% (95% CI, 12.3% – 29.2%) respectively. Results of subgroup analysis showed that, the type of Schistosoma species, participants age group, sample size and geographical area had influence on disparity variation in Schistosomiasis reinfection rate (p < 0.05).ConclusionDespite the control measures in place, the re-infection rate was still high, specifically on intestinal schistosomiasis as compared to urogenital schistosomiasis. Achieving 2030 sustainable development goal 3 on good health and wellbeing through schistosomiasis elimination and intensive programmatic strategies should be implemented. Among such strategies to be used at national level are repeated mass drug administration at least every six month, intensive snails control and health education.
De novodesign of modular and tunable allosteric biosensors
Authors: Quijano-Rubio Alfredo , Yeh Hsien-Wei , Park Jooyoung , Lee Hansol , Langan Robert A. , Boyken Scott E. , Lajoie Marc J. , Cao Longxing , Chow Cameron M. , Miranda Marcos C. , Wi Jimin , Hong Hyo Jeong , Stewart Lance , Oh Byung-Ha , Baker David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNaturally occurring allosteric protein switches have been repurposed for developing novel biosensors and reporters for cellular and clinical applications1, but the number of such switches is limited, and engineering them is often challenging as each is different. Here, we show that a very general class of allosteric protein-based biosensors can be created by inverting the flow of information throughde novodesigned protein switches in which binding of a peptide key triggers biological outputs of interest2. Using broadly applicable design principles, we allosterically couple binding of protein analytes of interest to the reconstitution of luciferase activity and a bioluminescent readout through the association of designed lock and key proteins. Because the sensor is based purely on thermodynamic coupling of analyte binding to switch activation, only one target binding domain is required, which simplifies sensor design and allows direct readout in solution. We demonstrate the modularity of this platform by creating biosensors that, with little optimization, sensitively detect the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, the hIgG1 Fc domain, the Her2 receptor, and Botulinum neurotoxin B, as well as biosensors for cardiac Troponin I and an anti-Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antibody that achieve the sub-nanomolar sensitivity necessary to detect clinically relevant concentrations of these molecules. Given the current need for diagnostic tools for tracking COVID-193, we use the approach to design sensors of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 protein epitopes and of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The latter, which incorporates ade novodesigned RBD binder, has a limit of detection of 15pM with an up to seventeen fold increase in luminescence upon addition of RBD. The modularity and sensitivity of the platform should enable the rapid construction of sensors for a wide range of analytes and highlights the power ofde novoprotein design to create multi-state protein systems with new and useful functions.