bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest Fire Susceptibility Mapping Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach for Chandoli National Park of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Lohar Shobha N , Panhalkar Sachin S , Patil Abhijit S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The forest fire management starts with identifying fire potential areas. This study suggests a new approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to map forest fire susceptibility of Chandoli National Park of Maharashtra. Influencing factors like past burnt area, Land Surface Temperature (LST), forest type, agriculture area, road network, and the vicinity of settlements taken into consideration. All variables assigned a weight based on their impact on the fire susceptibility. The final map categorized, ranging from very high to very low, into five fire susceptible regions. The result indicated that 12.99% (6506.89 ha) land area of the study region came in a very high susceptible region, while 18.70% (9361.10 ha) of high. The forest fire susceptibility map shows that 12.26%, 44.42%, 11.61% area comes under moderate, low, and very low- susceptible areas, respectively. Afterward, an accuracy assessment carried out with existing records of the forest fire. The mostly very high and high susceptible forest fire region comes where high road density, settlements and agriculture fields dominate. The result reveals that the anthropogenic factors and its activities in the forest region responsible for the frequent forest fire. The unification of remote sensing and the Analytical Hierarchy Process into GIS is beneficial to determining forested areas with high fire susceptibility and also to plan forest management after a forest fire.
SARS-CoV-2 induces a unique mitochondrial transcriptome signature
Authors: Miller Brendan , Silverstein Ana , Flores Melanie , Xiang Wang , Cao Kevin , Kumagai Hiroshi , Mehta Hemal H. , Yen Kelvin , Kim Su-Jeong , Cohen Pinchas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has challenged global healthcare systems in part because its clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. Variable symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 could be attributed to the virus’ ability to mildly induce an innate immune response, as prior transcriptomic data has suggested. Mitochondrial dynamics might partially mediate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on innate immunity. Many proteins encoded by SARS-CoV have been shown to localize to mitochondria and inhibit Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling protein (MAVS). We analyzed multiple publicly available RNASeq data in order to unravel the metabolic and mitochondrial transcriptome signature of SARS-CoV-2 in primary cells, cell lines, and clinical samples (i.e., BALF and lung). We report here that SARS-CoV-2 does not dramatically regulate (1) mitochondrial-gene expression or (2) MAVS expression, but (3) downregulates nuclear-encoded mitochondrial (NEM) genes related to cellular respiration and Complex 1 assembly. We also report cell-specific and tissue-specific effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the mitochondrial-encoded and NEM transcriptome that could inform future experimental paradigm selection.
Preventive Factors of Postpartum Depression in Adult Mothers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mahmalat Nura , Ostermann Thomas , Fetz Katharina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is defined as major depressive disorder with peripartum onset. It is the most common mental illness that occurs after childbirth, affecting not only mother but also newborn. Considering the great impact PPD has, it is relevant to investigate the effectiveness of preventive interventions.Objective: This review investigates published literature of the last decade (2009-2019) regarding the topic of preventive factors of PPD in adult mothers.Methods: An electronic search was conducted by using PubMed, psycINFO and Google Scholar. The search term included a combination of postpartum depression, postnatal depression, predictor, prevention and risk factor. Inclusion criteria were: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in English or German language that deal with 2) adult pregnant or adult mothers (>18 years). Extraction of articles by two independent raters using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators.Results: The electronic search resulted in a total of 905 articles, whereby only 22 articles were relevant for this synthesis. The interventions were divided into five major topics, these being psychological, psychosocial, nutritional, medical, and exercise interventions. Significant preventive effects concerning PPD in adult mothers were found in psychological and psychosocial interventions. Nutritional, medical and exercise interventions did not have a significant preventive impact.Conclusion: Psychological and psychosocial interventions seem to be effective in the prevention of PPD. Consequently, preventive programs should include such components. Implications for future research might include the comparison of already existing prevention programs for PPD and the observation of their long-term effects.
Offspring Development Conditioning (ODC): A Universal Trend in Evolution of Higher Organisms’ Reproduction
Authors: Fu Qiang , Liu Jianni , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
All organisms evolve, according to Darwin. The question is how? Is there any general pattern or trend in the organisms’ evolution? These are rarely asked – and almost never answered – questions. This situation makes the evolution frustrating and mysterious to many. Here, after surveying the reproductive modes in most animals and plants, we propose that all (at least most) of higher organisms demonstrate the similar trend underlying their reproductive evolution, namely, Offspring Development Conditioning (ODC). Such a pattern makes the origin and evolution of reproductive organs in both animals and plants rational and understandable. To the best of our knowledge, this pattern appears universal, although we encourage future authors to identify exceptions. We hope this will help frame the evolution of higher animals and plants, and make the latter understandable to the public.
Collateral impact of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) for onchocerciasis on parasitological indicators of Loa loa infection
Authors: Djeunga Hugues C Nana , Lenou-Nanga Cédric G , Donfo-Azafack Cyrille , Djune-Yemeli Linda , Fossuo-Thotchum Floribert , Domche André , Litchou-Tchuinang Arsel V , Bopda Jean G , Nkoa Thérèse , Kamgno Joseph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad spectrum endectocide whose initial indication was onchocerciasis. IVM-based preventive chemotherapies (PC), so-called Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI), have led to the interruption of transmission of onchocerciasis in some foci. Although loiasis is not among its indications, IVM also exhibits antiparasitic activity against Loa loa. Because of the geographic overlap of onchocerciasis and loiasis in Central Africa, one would have expected similar trend for loiasis in co-endemic settings. Surprisingly, a recent study revealed that L. loa entomological indices remained almost unchanged after 13 years of CDTI to fight onchocerciasis. This study then aimed to assess whether parasitological indicators of L. loa infection follow the same trends than the previously described entomological indices. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six communities of the Yabassi Health District where CDTI have been implemented since ~ 20 years to fight onchocerciasis. All volunteers aged ≥ 5 years underwent daytime calibrated thick blood smears to search for L. loa microfilariae (mf), then prevalence and intensity of infection were compared to baseline data.
Results

A total of 376 individuals (55.9% female), aged 5 to 89 years old, were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of loiasis was 3.7% (95% CI: 2.2–6.2), significantly lower than its baseline (12.4%; 95% CI: 10.1–15.2) (Chi-Square = 21.4; df = 1; p < 0.0001). Similarly, the microfilarial density was significantly low (Mean = 1.8 mf/mL; SD = 13.6; max = 73,600) compared to baseline (Mean = 839.3 mf/mL; SD = 6447.1; max = 130,840) (Wilcoxon W = 179904.5; p < 0.0001).
Conclusions

This study revealed that the prevalence and intensity of L. loa infection were significantly low compared to their baselines, indicating a significant impact of IVM-based PC on this filarial disease. However, transmission is still ongoing, and heavily infected individuals are still found in communities, supporting why some individuals are still experiencing severe adverse events despite > 2 decades of CDTI in this Health District.
Is health needs of chronic disease patients addressed during COVID-19 lockdown in India? A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Paul Aby , Joby Joel , Saijan Sanjo , James Jude , Sebastian Stelvin , John Basil , Antony Edwin , Kunjumon Jobin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic by World health organisation (WHO) on the 11th of March 2020. India was one among the countries in the world to declare the longest lock down across the nation in order to resist the spread of COVID-19. It was a challenge to assess the medical care of chronic disease patients during these lock down days.MethodologyWe adopted a cross sectional survey design to assess the health conditions and perceptions of patients with cardiovascular metabolic co-morbidities and those with autoimmune rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 lock down daysResults and DiscussionA total of 310 patients completed the survey during this time period. Among these 310 responders, 299 completed the survey. We had 157(52.50%) patients with cardiovascular metabolic co-morbidities and 142(47.49%) with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The mean age of patients in cardiovascular metabolic co-morbidities group was found to be 59.19±16.34 and those in autoimmune rheumatic diseases was 47.05±13.30. The predominant distribution of female gender for cardiovascular metabolic co-morbidities (57.32%) group and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (72.53%) is in accordance all the previous studies in this field.. The women are found to react more negatively in terms of to the same traumatic stress when compared with menConclusionIn conclusion there is strong need for health policy reformations in the field of the chronic diseases health care management to equip the preparedness in order respond adequately to such medical emergencies including natural disaster
Lapine CD133+CD34+ endothelial progenitor cells for musculoskeletal research in preclinical animal trials
Authors: Chopra Hitesh , Han Yuanyuan , Zhang Chengfei , Pow Edmond Ho Nang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundValidated animal models form the cornerstone of in vivo clinical trials. Rabbits, for instance, have been widely used in musculoskeletal research, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) obtained from their peripheral blood (PB). Further, there is an ambiguity regarding the origin of EPCs in blood. The present study aimed to isolate and compare rabbit EPCs with human EPCs and explore the origin of EPCs in PB. MethodsMononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from the PB of rabbits and humans by density centrifugation. Different parameters, such as seeding density, type of medium, and technique (Depletion v/s Hills technique) were standardized for the emergence of EPCs. Homogenous rEPCs and hEPCs were isolated by double sorting with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using CD34CD133 or CD34VEGFR-2 antibody. Expanded CD34+CD133+ EPCs from both rabbits and humans were compared using growth curve, acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL) uptake, lectin binding, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence (IF), tubulogenic assay, and NO production. ResultsInitial seeding density of MNCs at 1 ́106 cells/cm2 with EGM-2MV supplemented with 5% FBS using depletion technique (40% as compared to 20% by Hill's technique) was found to be optimal for culturing EPCs. Further, depletion technique yielded cobblestone EPCs in 28% of rabbit samples as compared to 40% of human blood specimens in three different patterns blood-island like cell culture (central lEPCs and peripheral early EPCs), biphasic EPCs (early EPCs and late EPCs), and de novo EPCs (late EPCs only). Homogenous rEPCs and hEPCs were sorted using CD34+CD133+ and CD34+VEGFR-2+ antibody. Further, with FACS analysis, rCD34+CD133+EPCs were found to be one third (3%) as compared to human CD34+CD133+EPCs (12%). These CD34+CD133+ rEPCs/hEPCs were double-positive for acLDL uptake, ULEX binding, CD34, CD309, and CD31; whereas negative for CD133, CD14 and CD45. Also, EPCs from both species demonstrated functional characterization. ConclusionsrCD34+CD133+EPCs in general, were mostly similar to human CD34+CD133+EPCs in proliferative potential, functional characterization, and phenotypic identity. However, the rEPCs appeared to be larger, expressed higher phenotype expression, higher NO production, and had a significantly thicker junctional area, tube thickness, and longer tubule length (P<0.05).
Epitope-based Immunoinformatics Approach on Nucleocapsid Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2
Authors: Rakib Ahmed , Sami Saad Ahmed , Islam Md. Ashiqul , Ahmed Shahriar , Faiz Farhana Binta , Khanam Bibi Humayra , Marma Kay Kay Shain , Rahman Maksuda , Uddin Mir Muhammad Nasir , Emran Talha Bin , Simal-Gandara Jesus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With an increasing fatality rate, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a promising threat to human health worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Coronaviridae family, which is transmitted from animal to human and because of being contagious, further it transmitted human to human. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019) as a global pandemic. But, no specific medications are available for the treatment of COVID-19 so far. As a corollary, there is a need for a potential vaccine to impede the progression of the disease. Lately, it has been documented that the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral replication as well as interferes with host immune responses. We have comparatively analyzed the sequences of N protein of SARS-CoV-2 for the identification of core attributes and analyzed the ancestry through phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, we have predicted the most immunogenic epitope for T-cell as well as B-cell. Importantly, our investigation mainly focused on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I potential peptides and NTASWFTAL interacted with most human leukocyte antigen (HLA) that are encoded by MHC class I molecules. Further, molecular docking analysis unveiled that NTASWFTAL possessed a greater affinity towards HLA and also available in a greater range of the population. Our study provides a consolidated base for vaccine design and we hope that this computational analysis will pave the way for designing novel vaccine candidates.
Hybrid Dynamic Pharmacophore Models as Effective Tools to Identify Novel Chemotypes for Anti-tb Inhibitor Design: a Case Study With Mtb-dapb
Authors: Choudhury Chinmayee , Bhardwaj Anshu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious global public health threats as it compromises the successful treatment of deadly infectious diseases like tuberculosis. New therapeutics are constantly needed but it takes a long time and is expensive to explore new biochemical space. One way to address this issue is to repurpose the validated targets and identify novel chemotypes that can simultaneously bind to multiple binding pockets of these targets as a new lead generation strategy. This study reports such a strategy, dynamic hybrid pharmacophore model (DHPM), which represents the combined interaction features of different binding pockets contrary to the conventional approaches, where pharmacophore models are generated from single binding sites. We have considered Mtb-DapB, a validated mycobacterial drug target, as our model system to explore the effectiveness of DHPMs to screen novel unexplored compounds. Mtb-DapB has a cofactor binding site (CBS) and an adjacent substrate binding site (SBS). Four different model systems of Mtb-DapB were designed where, either NADPH/NADH occupies CBS in presence/absence of an inhibitor 2, 6-PDC in the adjacent SBS. Two more model systems were designed, where 2, 6-PDC was linked to NADPH and NADH to form hybrid molecules. The six model systems were subjected to 200ns molecular dynamics simulations and trajectories were analysed to identify stable ligand-receptor interaction features. Based on these interactions, Conventional pharmacophore models (CPM) were generated from the individual binding sites while DHPMs were created from hybrid-molecules occupying both binding sites. A huge library of 15, 63,764 publically available molecules were screened by CPMs and DHPMs. The screened hits obtained from both types of models were compared based on their Hashed binary molecular fingerprints and 4 point pharmacophore fingerprints using Tanimoto, Cosine, Dice and Tversky similarity matrices. Molecules screened by DHPM exhibited significant structural diversity, better binding strength and drug like properties as compared to the compounds screened by CPMs and the reported anti-mycobacterial molecules indicating the efficiency of DHPM to explore new chemical space for anti-TB drug discovery. The idea of DHPM can be applied for a wide range of mycobacterial or other pathogen targets to venture into unexplored chemical space.
Study on the thermal kinetics of anthracite oxidation induced by water and associated pyrite
Authors: Wang Caiping , Duan Xiadan , Bai Zujin , Xiao Yang , Deng Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pyrite and water in coal have considerable influence on coal spontaneous combustion and threaten the safety of mine production gravely. To reveal the influence mechanism of water and associated pyrite on oxidation kinetics of coal–oxygen composite reaction, the pyrite of 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6% and the moisture of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were mixed with the coal samples to obtain 25 coal samples. Thermogravimetric analysis technology was conducted to explore the changes of mass and characteristic temperatures of coal samples treated with water and associated pyrite during the low–temperature oxidation, and kinetic analysis of the oxidation process was discussed based on multiple heating rates(5 °C/min, 10 °C/min and15 °C/min).The results show that water and associated pyrite had a great influence on coal in oxygen absorption and weight gain stage ( T 3 ~ T 5 ), and there was a proportion range with the largest synergistic oxidation contribution. The apparent activation energy of the coal sample appeared changes, but the mechanism model did not, indicating that water and pyrite could affect the oxidation process of the coal sample externally. When water and associated pyrite exhibit synergistic interaction, there have a range that water was 10~15% and associate pyrite was 2~4% had the largest promotion and contribution to anthracite oxidation. The results have important scientific value and practical guiding significance for the further study on prediction, prevention and control of high sulfur anthracite spontaneous combustion.
A qualitative study of stakeholder views on the effects of a sugar-sweetened beverages tax on the budgets, dietary intake, and health of lower and higher socioeconomic groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Djojosoeparto Sanne , Eykelenboom Michelle , Poelman Maartje , Stralen Maartje van , Renders Carry , Olthof Margreet , Steenhuis Ingrid , Kamphuis Carlijn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThere are socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity in many European countries. The introduction of a sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) tax may contribute to a reduction of these inequalities. However, little is known about the views of various stakeholder groups, involved in the decision-making process of implementing an SSB tax, on the potentially different effects of an SSB tax on lower and higher socioeconomic groups. This study aims to gain insight into the perceptions of stakeholder groups in the Netherlands on (1) the effects of an SSB tax on the budgets of lower and higher socioeconomic groups and (2) the impact of an SSB tax on socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intake and health.MethodsA qualitative semi-structured interview study was conducted between March and May 2019 with 27 participants from various stakeholder groups (i.e. health and consumer organizations, health professional associations, trade associations, science, advisory bodies, ministries and parliamentary parties) in the Netherlands. Data were analyzed using a thematic content approach.ResultsParticipants, from all stakeholder groups, indicated that an SSB tax would have a larger impact on the budgets of lower socioeconomic groups. Participants, from all stakeholder groups (except trade associations), mentioned an SSB tax could have greater health benefits among lower socioeconomic groups as they often have a higher SSB consumption and are more likely to be overweight or obese. Some participants (from science, a health and consumer organization, and a health professional association) mentioned that an SSB tax may have no or adverse health effects among lower socioeconomic groups (e.g. compensation of lower SSB consumption with other unhealthy behaviours). Some participants (from science and a health and consumer organization) emphasised an SSB tax should only be introduced when accompanied by other interventions (e.g. educational efforts, offering healthy alternatives), to make it easier for lower socioeconomic groups to lower their SSB consumption in response to an SSB tax, and to prevent adverse health effects.ConclusionsParticipants believed an SSB tax could contribute to a reduction in socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intake and health. However, additional interventions facilitating the reduction of SSB consumption in lower socioeconomic groups were recommended.