bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First there were 10: the case for and against South Sudan's new states using discourse analysis and argumentation theory
Authors: Tombe Sandra E.K.Y. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn 2015, South Sudan increased the number of its states from 10 to 28, followed by four more states in 2017. The redrawing of internal borders came through presidential decree as South Sudan's violent civil war continued to unfold. This development has led to two ardent voices: one arguing to maintain the new states, and another advocating to reverse them. Applying argumentation theory and critical discourse analysis to news articles, analysis pieces, and press releases collected fromGurtongandSudan Tribunefrom July 2015 to April 2017, this article assesses the argument advanced by both camps and evaluates their implications for peace in South Sudan. In examining the claim, the counter-claim, and their underlying premises, the article finds areas of contention and convergence between the two camps and argues for the compatibility of the values which undergird both positions.
Childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in prisoners: a systematic meta-analytic review
Authors: Angelakis Ioannis , Austin Jennifer L. , Gooding Patricia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, the links between core types of childhood maltreatment and suicidal acts have become an increasingly important area of investigation. However, no meta-analytic review has examined this relationship in prisoners. We undertook the first systematic meta-analytic review examining the link between childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in prisoners to redress this important gap. We searched Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL from inception until August 2019. Meta-analyses using random effect models were applied, and heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Publication bias and risk of bias across studies were assessed. We identified 24 studies comprising 16 586 prisoners. The rates of different types of childhood maltreatment ranged between 29% and 68% [95% confidence interval (CI) 18–81%]. The rate of suicide attempts in prisoners was 23% (95% CI 18–27%). Main results demonstrated that sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 2.68, 95% CI 1.86–3.86], physical abuse (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.60–2.91), emotional abuse (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.92–3.79), emotional neglect (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.69–3.10), physical neglect (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.27–1.94) and combined abuse (OR 3.09, 95% CI 2.14–4.45) were strongly associated with suicide attempts in prisoners. There was an indication of publication bias. Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill method was applied, which increased the odds for suicide attempts. Given the high rates of prison suicide deaths and suicide attempts, our findings suggest an urgent need for targeted suicide prevention priorities for prisoners, with a particular focus on ameliorating the effects of childhood traumatic experiences on suicidal prisoners.
Expanding ‘religion’ or decentring the secular? Framing the frames in philosophy of religion
Authors: AMESBURY RICHARD 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNew cross-cultural approaches to philosophy of religion seek to move it beyond the preoccupations of Christian theology and the abstractions of ‘classical theism’, towards an appreciation of a broader range of religious phenomena. But if the concept ofreligionis itself the product of extrapolation from modern, Western, Christian understandings, disseminated through colonial encounter, does the new philosophy of religion simply reproduce the deficiencies of the old, under the guise of a universalizing, albeit culturally and historically particular, category? This article argues that it is necessary to interrogate the secular episteme within which religion is thematized as a discrete topos.
Understanding Default Behaviour in Workplace Pensions: Automatic Enrolment in the UK.
Authors: ROBERTSON-ROSE LYNNE 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article examines the retirement savings behaviour of twenty-five 30-40 years olds automatically enrolled into a workplace pension scheme. Using qualitative interviews, the paper explores the interaction between savings motivation and willingness to adhere to, or deviate from, the pension scheme defaults. Integrating insights from different savings paradigms, including sociological approaches and behavioural economics, the paper highlights how social motives drove willingness to accept enrolment defaults. Participants’ reactions to the contribution defaults were motivated by a complex combination of factors including anchoring effects, the salience of ageing, and emotional responses such as pride, uncertainty and loss aversion. The author’s main premise is that greater attention needs to be given to the interaction between subjective feelings about saving for retirement and pension scheme design.
Role of fiducial markers in the assessment of prostate bed motion in post-prostatectomy patients treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy
Authors: Vlachaki Maria T. , Ahmad Salahuddin , Kennedy Erika , Aref Amr M. , Chuba Paul J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAim:Accurate localisation of target position is crucial when using techniques with sharp dose fall off such as volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Gold seed fiducial markers have been used for target localisation in image-guided radiation therapy for various tumors including intact prostate cancers. However, their role for target localisation in post-prostatectomy radiotherapy is unclear. This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of gold seed fiducial markers in patients undergoing prostate bed VMAT.Materials and methods:The institutional radiation oncology database was used to analyse the treatment data of 18 post-prostatectomy patients with implanted gold seed fiducial markers. The shifts of the fiducial markers were reviewed, tabulated and statistically analysed.Results:Three hundred and eighty-six orthogonal pair images for 18 patients were reviewed. Specifically, the average gold seed fiducial shifts were 0·34 cm in the superior–inferior (S/I) axis (0·31 SD), 0·31 cm (0·29 SD) in the anterior–posterior (A/P) axis and 0·28 cm (0·25 SD) in the lateral axis (R/L). As a result, the 95% probability of fiducial marker displacement was 0·96 cm in the S/I, 0·89 cm in the A/P and 0·78 cm in the R/L axes. The most frequent shifts occurred in the inferior, left and posterior directions. The percentage of shifts more than 0·5 cm were 19·74, 21·56 and 12·47% for the S/I, A/P and R/L axes, respectively.Conclusion:In the absence of fiducial markers, non-uniform planning target volume (PTV) margins of 1 cm for S/I, 9 mm for A/P and 8 mm for the lateral direction are necessary for target localisation in post-prostatectomy radiotherapy. By improving prostate bed localisation, gold seed fiducial markers can decrease PTV margins, reduce normal tissue radiation exposure and allow for dose-escalated and/or hypofractionated radiotherapy to be considered in appropriate clinical scenarios.
GALOIS CONJUGATES OF SPECIAL POINTS AND SPECIAL SUBVARIETIES IN SHIMURA VARIETIES
Authors: Orr Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLet $S$ be a Shimura variety with reflex field $E$. We prove that the action of $\text{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/E)$ on $S$ maps special points to special points and special subvarieties to special subvarieties. Furthermore, the Galois conjugates of a special point all have the same complexity (as defined in the theory of unlikely intersections). These results follow from Milne and Shih’s construction of canonical models of Shimura varieties, based on a conjecture of Langlands which was proved by Borovoi and Milne.
Stellar chemo-kinematics of isolated dwarf spheroidal galaxies
Authors: Taibi S. , Battaglia G. , Rejkuba M. , Kacharov N. , Zoccali M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe study of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph) is of great importance to understand galaxy evolution at the low-mass end. In the Local Group the majority of them are found to be satellites of the Milky Way or M31. The closest ones have been studied in great detail, however it is hard to constrain if their present-day observed properties are mainly caused by internal or environmental mechanisms. In order to minimize these effects and gain an insight into their intrinsic properties, we are studying two of the three isolated dSph galaxies in the Local Group, i.e. Cetus and Tucana, located far beyond the virial radius of the Milky Way and M31. We present here results from our recently published analysis of Cetus (Taibi2018) and preliminary results for Tucana (Taibi et al. in prep.).
Catalog & atlas of the LV galaxies
Authors: Kaisina Elena I. , Karachentsev Igor D. , Makarov Dmitry I. , Kaisin Serafim S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a database of galaxies in the Local Volume (LV) (https://www.sao.ru/lv/lvgdb/) Kaisina et al. (2012) having individual distance estimates within 11Â Mpc or corrected radial velocities VLG < 600 km s-1. It collects data on the following galaxy observables: angular diameters, apparent magnitudes in far-UV, B, and Ks bands, Hα and HI fluxes, morphological types, HI -line widths, radial velocities, and distance estimates. It also contains a consolidated set of optical images of all the galaxies from the SDSS and DSS surveys and Hα images of galaxies that were derived with the 6-m BTA telescope. The latest version of the Updated Nearby Galaxy Catalog (UNGC) Karachentsev et al. (2013) contains 869 objects, now the database consist of 1175 objects. We present basic relations, describing the updated LV sample: Hubble flow, distribution galaxies according to their distance estimates and on the sky, et al.
Synergies between Massive Stars and Metal-poor Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
Authors: Garcia Miriam , Herrero Artemio , Najarro Francisco , Castro Norberto , Camacho Inés 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe community of massive stars is working intensively on Local Group dwarf irregular galaxies (dIrr). They are a reservoir of metal-poor massive stars that serve to understand the physics of their higher redshift siblings and population III stars, interpret the farthest, most energetic SNe and GRBs, and compute feedback through Cosmic History. Along the way, we became interested in the recent star-formation history and initial mass-function of the host dIrr’s, their chemical evolution, and gas and dust content. Our team is working to unveil and characterize with spectroscopy the OB-stars in IC 1613, Sextans A and SagDIG, that form a sequence of decreasing metal content. We showcase some results to stimulate synergies between both communities.
The hydrodynamic evolution of the gas content in the dSph galaxy Ursa Minor induced by the feedback from types Ia and II supernovae
Authors: Caproni Anderson , Lanfranchi Gustavo A. , Baião Gabriel H. Campos , Kowal Grzegorz , Falceta-Gonçalves Diego 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Local Group share a similar characteristic nowadays: a low amount of gas in their interiors. In this work, we present results from a three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulation of the gas inside an object with similar characteristics of the Ursa Minor galaxy. We evolved the initial gas distribution over 3 Gyr, considering the effects of the types Ia and II supernovae. The instantaneous supernovae rates were derived from a chemical evolution model applied to spectroscopic data of the Ursa Minor galaxy. Our simulation shows that the amount of gas that is lost varies with time and galactocentric radius. The highest gas-loss rates occurred during the first 600 Myr of evolution. Our results also indicate that types Ia and II supernovae must be essential drivers of the gas loss in Ursa Minor galaxy (and probably in other similar dwarf galaxies).
A near-infrared VISTA of the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Cioni Maria-Rosa L. , Niederhofer Florian , Rubele Stefano , Sun Ning-Chen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVISTA observed the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), as part of the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system (VMC), for six years (2010–2016). The acquired multi-epoch YJKs images have allowed us to probe the stellar populations to an exceptional level of detail across an unprecedented wide area in the near-infrared. This contribution highlights the most recent VMC results obtained on the SMC focusing, in particular, on the clustering of young stellar populations, on the proper motion of stars in the main body of the galaxy and on the spatial distribution of the star formation history.
Interstellar Medium and Star Formation in Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Bolatto Alberto D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis is a brief review of our understanding of the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) in dwarf galaxies in connection to their star formation activity. What are the dominant phases of the ISM in these objects? How do the properties of these phases depend on the galaxy properties? What do we know about their cold gas content and its link to star formation activity? Does star formation proceed differently in these galaxies? How does star formation feedback operate in dwarf galaxies? The availability of observations from space-based facilities such as FUSE, Spitzer, Herschel, and Fermi, as well as observatories such as SOFIA and ALMA, is allowing us to make significant strides in our understanding of these questions.
Novel sunflower MIMO fractal antenna with low mutual coupling and dual wide operating bands
Authors: Abed Amer T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) fractal antenna excited by a coplanar waveguide was investigated in this study. A novel technique was used to improve the isolation of 20 dB between the dual radiating elements by inserting a strip line into the outer edges of the ground plane. A sunflower structure was used to configure the antenna in three steps. At each step, an additional sunflower structure was added with half the size of that used in the previous step to enhance the impedance bandwidth. The measured values of envelop correlation coefficient and total active reflection coefficient indicated that the proposed MIMO antenna has high-diversity performance between radiating elements. Wide dual operating bands of 2–2.9 and 5–10 GHz were obtained, which can support different wireless communications, such as 3G, LTE (2.6 GHz), WLAN (2.4 GHz/5 GHz), WiMAX (2.4 GHz/5GHz), ISM (2.4 GHz/5 GHz), 5G (5–6 GHz), and satellite communications (6–8 GHz). The MIMO fractal antenna with a small size achieved a maximum efficiency of 85% and a peak value gain of 6 dBi, low-channel capacity loss of 0.15–0.4 b/s/Hz, and high isolation between radiating elements is suitable for portable communication devices.
Floodplain Land Cover and Flow Hydrodynamic Control of Overbank Sedimentation in Compound Channel Flows
Authors: Juez Carmelo , Schärer C. , Jenny H. , Schleiss A. J. , Franca M. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOverbank sedimentation is predominantly due to fine sediments transported under suspension that become trapped and settle in floodplains when high‐flow conditions occur in rivers. In a compound channel, the processes of exchanging water and fine sediments between the main channel and floodplains regulate the geomorphological evolution and are crucial for the maintenance of the ecosystem functions of the floodplains. These hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes depend on variables such as the flow‐depth ratio between the water depth in the main channel and the water depth in the floodplain, the width ratio between the width of the main channel and the width of the floodplain, and the floodplain land cover characterized by the type of roughness. This paper examines, by means of laboratory experiments, how these variables are interlinked and how the deposition of sediments in the compound channel is jointly determined by them. The combination of these compound channel characteristics modulates the production of vertically axised large turbulent vortical structures in the mixing interface. Such vortical structures determine the water mass exchange between the main channel and the floodplain, conditioning in turn the transport of sediment particles conveyed in the water, and, therefore, the resulting overbank sedimentation. The existence and pattern of sedimentation are conditioned by both the hydrodynamic variables (the flow‐depth ratio and the width ratio) and the floodplain land cover simulated in terms of smooth walls, meadow‐type roughness, sparse‐wood‐type roughness, and dense‐wood‐type roughness.
Loss of Lkb1 impairs Treg function and stability to aggravate graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Su Xiuhua , Wang Qianqian , Guo Wei , Pei Xiaolei , Niu Qing , Liu Maolan , Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Song , Feng Sizhou , He Yi , Yang Donglin , Zhang Rongli , Ma Qiaoling , Zhai Weihua , Pang Aiming , Wei Jialin , Huang Yong , Luo Yuechen , Han Mingzhe , Feng Xiaoming , Jiang Erlie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that a reduction in the number of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contributes to the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), which is a major adverse complication that can occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the precise features and mechanism underlying the defects in Tregs remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Tregs were more dramatically decreased in bone marrow compared with those in peripheral blood from aGVHD patients and that bone marrow Treg defects were negatively associated with hematopoietic reconstitution. Tregs from aGVHD patients exhibited multiple defects, including the instability of Foxp3 expression, especially in response to IL-12, impaired suppressor function, decreased migratory capacity, and increased apoptosis. Transcriptional profiling revealed the downregulation of Lkb1, a previously identified critical regulator of murine Treg identity and metabolism, and murine Lkb1-regulated genes in Tregs from aGVHD patients. Foxp3 expression in human Tregs could be decreased and increased by the knockdown and overexpression of the Lkb1 gene, respectively. Furthermore, a loss-of-function assay in an aGVHD murine model confirmed that Lkb1 deficiency could impair Tregs and aggravate disease severity. These findings reveal that Lkb1 downregulation contributes to multiple defects in Tregs in human aGVHD and highlight the Lkb1-related pathways that could serve as therapeutic targets that may potentially be manipulated to mitigate aGVHD.
Unique structure and function of viral rhodopsins
Authors: Bratanov Dmitry , Kovalev Kirill , Machtens Jan-Philipp , Astashkin Roman , Chizhov Igor , Soloviov Dmytro , Volkov Dmytro , Polovinkin Vitaly , Zabelskii Dmitrii , Mager Thomas , Gushchin Ivan , Rokitskaya Tatyana , Antonenko Yuri , Alekseev Alexey , Shevchenko Vitaly , Yutin Natalya , Rosselli Riccardo , Baeken Christian , Borshchevskiy Valentin , Bourenkov Gleb , Popov Alexander , Balandin Taras , Büldt Georg , Manstein Dietmar J. , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco , Fahlke Christoph , Bamberg Ernst , Koonin Eugene , Gordeliy Valentin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently, two groups of rhodopsin genes were identified in large double-stranded DNA viruses. The structure and function of viral rhodopsins are unknown. We present functional characterization and high-resolution structure of an Organic Lake Phycodnavirus rhodopsin II (OLPVRII) of group 2. It forms a pentamer, with a symmetrical, bottle-like central channel with the narrow vestibule in the cytoplasmic part covered by a ring of 5 arginines, whereas 5 phenylalanines form a hydrophobic barrier in its exit. The proton donor E42 is placed in the helix B. The structure is unique among the known rhodopsins. Structural and functional data and molecular dynamics suggest that OLPVRII might be a light-gated pentameric ion channel analogous to pentameric ligand-gated ion channels, however, future patch clamp experiments should prove this directly. The data shed light on a fundamentally distinct branch of rhodopsins and may contribute to the understanding of virus-host interactions in ecologically important marine protists.
New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding
Authors: Kulp Scott A. , Strauss Benjamin H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost estimates of global mean sea-level rise this century fall below 2 m. This quantity is comparable to the positive vertical bias of the principle digital elevation model (DEM) used to assess global and national population exposures to extreme coastal water levels, NASA’s SRTM. CoastalDEM is a new DEM utilizing neural networks to reduce SRTM error. Here we show – employing CoastalDEM—that 190 M people (150–250 M, 90% CI) currently occupy global land below projected high tide lines for 2100 under low carbon emissions, up from 110 M today, for a median increase of 80 M. These figures triple SRTM-based values. Under high emissions, CoastalDEM indicates up to 630 M people live on land below projected annual flood levels for 2100, and up to 340 M for mid-century, versus roughly 250 M at present. We estimate one billion people now occupy land less than 10 m above current high tide lines, including 230 M below 1 m.
Redox-governed charge doping dictated by interfacial diffusion in two-dimensional materials
Authors: Park Kwanghee , Kang Haneul , Koo Seonghyun , Lee DaeEung , Ryu Sunmin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractControlling extra charge carriers is pivotal in manipulating electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of various two-dimensional materials. Nonetheless, the ubiquitous hole doping of two-dimensional materials in the air and acids has been controversial in its mechanistic details. Here we show their common origin is an electrochemical reaction driven by redox couples of oxygen and water molecules. Using real-time photoluminescence imaging of WS2 and Raman spectroscopy of graphene, we capture molecular diffusion through the two-dimensional nanoscopic space between two-dimensional materials and hydrophilic substrates, and show that the latter accommodate water molecules also serving as a hydrating solvent. We also demonstrate that HCl-induced doping is governed by dissolved O2 and pH in accordance with the Nernst equation. The nanoscopic electrochemistry anatomized in this work sets an ambient limit to material properties, which is universal to not only 2D but also other forms of materials.
Foxg specifies sensory neurons in the anterior neural plate border of the ascidian embryo
Authors: Liu Boqi , Satou Yutaka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFoxg constitutes a regulatory loop with Fgf8 and plays an important role in the development of anterior placodes and the telencephalon in vertebrate embryos. Ascidians, which belong to Tunicata, the sister group of vertebrates, develop a primitive placode-like structure at the anterior boundary of the neural plate, but lack a clear counterpart of the telencephalon. In this animal, Foxg is expressed in larval palps, which are adhesive organs with sensory neurons. Here, we show that Foxg begins to be expressed in two separate rows of cells within the neural plate boundary region under the control of the MAPK pathway to pattern this region. However, Foxg is not expressed in the brain, and we find no evidence that knockdown of Foxg affects brain formation. Our data suggest that recruitment of Fgf to the downstream of Foxg might have been a critical evolutionary event for the telencephalon in the vertebrate lineage.