bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray diffraction and second harmonic imaging reveal new insights into structural alterations caused by pressure-overload in murine hearts
Authors: Nicolas Jan-David , Khan Amara , Markus Andrea , Mohamed Belal A. , Toischer Karl , Alves Frauke , Salditt Tim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate a label-free imaging approach to study cardiac remodeling of fibrotic and hypertrophic hearts, bridging scales from the whole organ down to the molecular level. To this end, we have used mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and imaged adjacent cardiac tissue sections by microfocus X-ray diffraction and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging. In this way, the acto-myosin structure was probed in a spatially resolved manner for entire heart sections. From the recorded diffraction data, spatial maps of diffraction intensity, anisotropy and orientation were obtained, and fully automated analysis depicted the acto-myosin filament spacing and direction. X-ray diffraction presented an overview of entire heart sections and revealed that in regions of severe cardiac remodeling the muscle mass is partly replaced by connective tissue and the acto-myosin lattice spacing is increased at these regions. SHG imaging revealed sub-cellular structure of cardiac tissue and complemented the findings from X-ray diffraction by revealing micro-level distortion of myofibrils, immune cell infiltration at regions of cardiac remodeling and the development of fibrosis down to the scale of a single collagen fibril. Overall, our results show that both X-ray diffraction and SHG imaging can be used for label-free and high-resolution visualization of cardiac remodeling and fibrosis progression at different stages in a cardiac pressure-overload mouse model that cannot be achieved by conventional histology.
Genotypic antimicrobial resistance characterization of E. coli from dairy calves at high risk of respiratory disease administered enrofloxacin or tulathromycin
Authors: Pereira R. V. , Foditsch C. , Siler J. D. , Dulièpre S. C. , Altier C. , Garzon A. , Warnick L. D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal effect of enrofloxacin or tulathromycin use in calves at high risk of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on antimicrobial resistance genes and mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) in fecal E. coli. Calves at high risk of developing BRD were randomly enrolled in one of three groups receiving: (1) enrofloxacin (ENR; n = 22); (2) tulathromycin (TUL; n = 24); or (3) no treatment (CTL; n = 21). Fecal samples were collected at enrollment and at 7, 28, and 56 days after beginning treatment, cultured for Escherichiacoli (EC) and DNA extracted. Isolates were screened for cephalosporin, quinolone and tetracycline resistance genes using PCR. QRDR screening was conducted using Sanger sequencing. The only resistance genes detected were aac(6′)Ib-cr (n = 13), bla-CTX-M (n = 51), bla-TEM (n = 117), tetA (n = 142) and tetB (n = 101). A significantly higher detection of gyrA mutated at position 248 at time points 7 (OR = 11.5; P value = 0.03) and 28 (OR = 9.0; P value = 0.05) was observed in the ENR group when compared to calves in the control group. Our findings support a better understanding of the potential impacts from the use of enrofloxacin in calves on the selection and persistence of resistance.
Lateral diffusion of CD14 and TLR2 in macrophage plasma membrane assessed by raster image correlation spectroscopy and single particle tracking
Authors: Makaremi Sara , Rose Markus , Ranjit Suman , Digman Michelle A. , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Moran-Mirabal Jose M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe diffusion of membrane receptors is central to many biological processes, such as signal transduction, molecule translocation, and ion transport, among others; consequently, several advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques have been developed to measure membrane receptor mobility within live cells. The membrane-anchored receptor cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and the transmembrane toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) are important receptors in the plasma membrane of macrophages that activate the intracellular signaling cascade in response to pathogenic stimuli. The aim of the present work was to compare the diffusion coefficients of CD14 and TLR2 on the apical and basal membranes of macrophages using two fluorescence-based methods: raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) and single particle tracking (SPT). In the basal membrane, the diffusion coefficients obtained from SPT and RICS were found to be comparable and revealed significantly faster diffusion of CD14 compared with TLR2. In addition, RICS showed that the diffusion of both receptors was significantly faster in the apical membrane than in the basal membrane, suggesting diffusion hindrance by the adhesion of the cells to the substrate. This finding highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate membrane (i.e., basal or apical) and corresponding method when measuring receptor diffusion in live cells. Accurately knowing the diffusion coefficient of two macrophage receptors involved in the response to pathogen insults will facilitate the study of changes that occur in signaling in these cells as a result of aging and disease.
Renal developmental genes are differentially regulated after unilateral ureteral obstruction in neonatal and adult mice
Authors: Kubik Melanie J. , Wyczanska Maja , Gasparitsch Mojca , Keller Ursula , Weber Stefanie , Schaefer Franz , Lange-Sperandio Bärbel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCongenital obstructive nephropathy hinders normal kidney development. The severity and the duration of obstruction determine the compensatory growth of the contralateral, intact opposite kidney. We investigated the regulation of renal developmental genes, that are relevant in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in obstructed and contralateral (intact opposite) kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in neonatal and adult mice. Newborn and adult mice were subjected to complete UUO or sham-operation, and were sacrificed 1, 5, 12 and 19 days later. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed in obstructed, intact opposite kidneys and sham controls for Gdnf, Pax2, Six4, Six2, Dach1, Eya1, Bmp4, and Hnf-1β. Neonatal UUO induced an early and strong upregulation of all genes. In contrast, adult UUO kidneys showed a delayed and less pronounced upregulation. Intact opposite kidneys of neonatal mice revealed a strong upregulation of all developmental genes, whereas intact opposite kidneys of adult mice demonstrated only a weak response. Only neonatal mice exhibited an increase in BMP4 protein expression whereas adult kidneys strongly upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase class III, essential for compensatory hypertrophy. In conclusion, gene regulation differs in neonatal and adult mice with UUO. Repair and compensatory hypertrophy involve different genetic programs in developing and adult obstructed kidneys.
Amylase quantification in the terminal Ileum following formation of an Ileostomy
Authors: Clark D. A. , Cuda T. , Pretorius C. , Edmundson A. , Solomon M. , Riddell A. D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmylase is elevated in the foregut and has been used to confirm anastomotic integrity after pancreatic surgery. The physiological activity of pancreatic enzymes in the ileum has been studied in healthy volunteers but not quantitated with the simple and readily available amylase measurements employed with serum tests. We aim to quantitate the levels of amylase in the terminal ileum. This was a prospective, non-randomised, non-blinded, consecutive cohort study conducted at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital. Consecutive patients undergoing routine surgery with an ileostomy were invited to participate in the study. Ileostomy effluent was collected and analysed daily for the first 5 post-operative days. This validation cohort included 8 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 49 years. Median daily amylase levels ranged from 4470 U/L to 23,000 U/L, with no specimens falling within the laboratory serum reference range of 40 to 130 U/L. Two specimens were not available on day one post-operative due to complete ileus. The sample size of 11 patients is small but was considered sufficient given that 55 effluent specimens were anticipated for analysis. Amylase levels remain highly elevated as the enzyme transits through the length of the small intestine and measured in the terminal ileum, and can be readily quantitated by the existing testing methodology routinely available.
Diagnostic accuracy of deep-learning with anomaly detection for a small amount of imbalanced data: discriminating malignant parotid tumors in MRI
Authors: Matsuo Hidetoshi , Nishio Mizuho , Kanda Tomonori , Kojita Yasuyuki , Kono Atsushi K. , Hori Masatoshi , Teshima Masanori , Otsuki Naoki , Nibu Ken-ichi , Murakami Takamichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe hypothesized that, in discrimination between benign and malignant parotid gland tumors, high diagnostic accuracy could be obtained with a small amount of imbalanced data when anomaly detection (AD) was combined with deep leaning (DL) model and the L2-constrained softmax loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the proposed method was more accurate than other commonly used DL or AD methods. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 245 parotid tumors (22.5% malignant) were retrospectively collected. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the proposed method (VGG16-based DL and AD) and that of classification models using conventional DL and AD methods. A radiologist also evaluated the MR images. ROC and precision-recall (PR) analyses were performed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. In terms of diagnostic performance, the VGG16-based model with the L2-constrained softmax loss and AD (local outlier factor) outperformed conventional DL and AD methods and a radiologist (ROC-AUC = 0.86 and PR-ROC = 0.77). The proposed method could discriminate between benign and malignant parotid tumors in MR images even when only a small amount of data with imbalanced distribution is available.
Common occurrence of Belerina virus, a novel paramyxovirus found in Belgian hedgehogs
Authors: Vanmechelen Bert , Vergote Valentijn , Merino Michelle , Verbeken Erik , Maes Piet 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCommon or European hedgehogs can be found throughout Western Europe. They are known carriers of a variety of parasitic and bacterial pathogens, and have also been shown to carry several viruses, including morbilli-like paramyxoviruses, although the pathogenic and zoonotic potential of some of these viruses has yet to be determined. We report here the discovery of a novel paramyxovirus in Belgian hedgehogs, named Belerina virus. The virus was detected by nanopore sequencing of RNA isolated from hedgehog tissue. Out of 147 animals screened in this study, 57 tested positive for Belerina virus (39%), indicating a high prevalence of this virus in the Belgian hedgehog population. Based on its divergence from other known paramyxovirus species, Belerina virus is thought to represent a new species in the family Paramyxoviridae. Phylogenetic analysis groups Belerina virus together with the bat-borne Shaan virus within the genus Jeilongvirus, although expanding the tree with partial genomes shows Belerina virus forming a separate subclade within this genus, alongside a yet-unnamed paramyxovirus isolated from a greater tube-nosed bat. In summary, we discuss the complete genome sequence of Belerina virus, a putative new paramyxovirus species commonly found in Belgian hedgehogs.
The approximately universal shapes of epidemic curves in the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model
Authors: Heng Kevin , Althaus Christian L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCompartmental transmission models have become an invaluable tool to study the dynamics of infectious diseases. The Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model is known to have an exact semi-analytical solution. In the current study, the approach of Harko et al. (Appl. Math. Comput. 236:184–194, 2014) is generalised to obtain an approximate semi-analytical solution of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model. The SEIR model curves have nearly the same shapes as the SIR ones, but with a stretch factor applied to them across time that is related to the ratio of the incubation to infectious periods. This finding implies an approximate characteristic timescale, scaled by this stretch factor, that is universal to all SEIR models, which only depends on the basic reproduction number and initial fraction of the population that is infectious.
Genomic and transcriptomic variation defines the chromosome-scale assembly of Haemonchus contortus, a model gastrointestinal worm
Authors: Doyle Stephen R. , Tracey Alan , Laing Roz , Holroyd Nancy , Bartley David , Bazant Wojtek , Beasley Helen , Beech Robin , Britton Collette , Brooks Karen , Chaudhry Umer , Maitland Kirsty , Martinelli Axel , Noonan Jennifer D. , Paulini Michael , Quail Michael A. , Redman Elizabeth , Rodgers Faye H. , Sallé Guillaume , Shabbir Muhammad Zubair , Sankaranarayanan Geetha , Wit Janneke , Howe Kevin L. , Sargison Neil , Devaney Eileen , Berriman Matthew , Gilleard John S. , Cotton James A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHaemonchus contortus is a globally distributed and economically important gastrointestinal pathogen of small ruminants and has become a key nematode model for studying anthelmintic resistance and other parasite-specific traits among a wider group of parasites including major human pathogens. Here, we report using PacBio long-read and OpGen and 10X Genomics long-molecule methods to generate a highly contiguous 283.4 Mbp chromosome-scale genome assembly including a resolved sex chromosome for the MHco3(ISE).N1 isolate. We show a remarkable pattern of conservation of chromosome content with Caenorhabditis elegans, but almost no conservation of gene order. Short and long-read transcriptome sequencing allowed us to define coordinated transcriptional regulation throughout the parasite’s life cycle and refine our understanding of cis- and trans-splicing. Finally, we provide a comprehensive picture of chromosome-wide genetic diversity both within a single isolate and globally. These data provide a high-quality comparison for understanding the evolution and genomics of Caenorhabditis and other nematodes and extend the experimental tractability of this model parasitic nematode in understanding helminth biology, drug discovery and vaccine development, as well as important adaptive traits such as drug resistance.
Bodies need yoga? No plastic surgery! Naturalistic versus instrumental bodies among professions in the Danish healthcare field
Authors: Larsen Kristian , Hindhede Anette Lykke , Larsen Mikkel Haderup , Nicolaisen Mathias Holst , Henriksen Frederik Møller 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhat characterises the similarities and differences in body investments among professions in the Danish healthcare field? This can be important when healthcare professionals relate to each other and to bodies of patients regarding differences in class, gender, age, and disease group. The study takes inspiration from Bourdieu’s sociology and the concept of health capital. We ask whether health capital can explain distinctions in the empirical data? We used the explorative–descriptive method multicorrespondence analysis (MCA) on data from 440 respondents gathered through an online survey. The respondents range from chief physicians to healthcare students. MCA makes it possible to condense frequency statistics and examine patterns of body investments through an examination of variables such as food intake, exercise, and medicine use that are then further related to supplementary variables such as social class and age. The analysis supports the concept of health capital and shows that some groups in the Danish healthcare field have a more instrumental body perception, such as the young age group (e.g. open to surgery, consume medicine, high exercise), while the upper-middle-class and older respondents have a more naturalistic perception of the body (e.g. read often, eat vegetables, practice yoga).
“Alexa, how are you feeling today?”
Authors: Taylor Jebediah , Weiss Staci Meredith , Marshall Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
‘Smart’ devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous. While these sophisticated machines are useful for various purposes,
they sometimes evoke feelings of eeriness or discomfort that constitute uncanniness, a much-discussed phenomenon in robotics research. Adult
participants (N = 115) rated the uncanniness of a hypothetical future smart speaker that was described as possessing the
mental capacities for experience, agency, neither, or both. The novel condition prompting participants to attribute both agency and
experience to the speaker filled an important theoretical gap in the literature. Consistent with the mind perception hypothesis of
uncanniness (MPH; Gray & Wegner, 2012), participants in the with-experience condition rated
the device significantly higher in uncanniness than those in the control condition and the with-agency condition. Participants in the
with-both (experience and agency) condition also rated the device higher in uncanniness than those in the control condition and the
with-agency condition, although this latter difference only approached statistical significance.
Transcending the boundaries of punishment: On the nature of citizenship deprivation
Authors: Tripkovic Milena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCitizenship deprivation is becoming an increasingly standard response of modern states to criminal and other harmful acts. Current academic attempts to determine the sanction’s legitimacy are, however, frustrated by the inadequate understanding of its nature. Departing from a dominant perspective that considers denationalization as punishment, this article conducts an original study of citizenship policies in 37 European democracies and contrasts them with key principles of punishment. The findings raise serious doubts regarding the penal nature of denationalization: I propose instead that denationalization is better understood as a sui generis sanction, which seeks to relieve the polity of those members who fail to satisfy fundamental citizenship requirements. This position has serious implications for our understanding and justification of modern revocation practices.
The Shortage of Benzathine Penicillin and Its Impact on Congenital Syphilis Incidence: An Ecologic Study in the City of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ueleres Braga José , Araujo Rachel Sarmeiro , de Souza Ana Sara Semeão 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The Pan American Health Organization indicates that increased incidence of congenital syphilis (CS) can be attributed to the lack of penicillin. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the benzathine penicillin shortage and the significant increase in the incidence of congenital syphilis in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2013 to 2017.

Methods
We used a mixed ecologic study design (temporal and multiple groups). Analysis units were the neighborhoods (spatial) and quarters (temporal) during those years. The study population consisted of CS patients who were living in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The benzathine penicillin supply measure for use in gestational syphilis considered the ratio between (1) the number of bottles dispensed to health facilities in each neighborhood and (2) the number of bottles necessary to treat pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis and their respective partners residing in each neighborhood. To evaluate the association between shortages and a significant increase in CS incidence, the negative-inflated zero-binomial regression model (longitudinal model) was used.

Results
During the study period, the incidence rate of CS in Rio de Janeiro neighborhoods was on average 19.6 per 1000 live births. In the simple analysis, shortage was associated with a 2.17-fold increase in the risk of a significant increase in CS incidence. After adjustment for the sufficient minimum set, the strength of association increased to 2.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.15–4.30).

Conclusions
We conclude that the benzathine penicillin shortage had an impact on the increase in the incidence of CS in Rio de Janeiro.
An in situ simulation program: a quantitative and qualitative prospective study identifying latent safety threats and examining participant experiences
Authors: Kjaergaard-Andersen Gunhild , Ibsgaard Pernille , Paltved Charlotte , Irene Jensen Hanne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To explore the impact of in situ simulation training in regard to identification of latent safety threats and participant experiences.

Design
A prospective study including quantitative and qualitative measures.

Setting
A Danish hospital shifted from simulation training in centers outside the hospital to training where simulation was conducted where the situations normally took place and with the normal working teams

Participants
A total of 58 local instructors were educated and subsequently conducted in situ simulations in own departments. After each simulation, a log file was completed containing information on location, the scenario, who took part, time, learning points and findings. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with leaders, instructors and simulation participants.

Main outcome measures
Identified latent safety threats and participant experiences.

Results
From June 2017 until December 2018, 323 simulations were conducted representing 35 different wards. They consisted of 40 different scenarios and had both technical and non-technical learning goals. A total of 35 organizational issues were uncovered via the in situ simulation and practice was adjusted accordingly. A total of 11 interviews were conducted. Four themes emerged from the analysis: practice-orientation, endorsement, sense of security and additional impact.

Conclusion
Transferring simulation to in situ training resulted in a substantial number of organizational findings. The subsequent follow-up and changes in practice made awareness of what could be latent safety threats. Leaders, instructors and simulation participants experienced in situ simulation as relevant and profitable.
Respiratory Viruses Associated With Acute Wheezing in Hospitalized Young Children in Jordan
Authors: Fadugba Olajumoke O , Haddadin Zaid , Muhimpundu Sylvie , Faouri Samir , Shehabi Asem , Rahman Herdi , Williams John V , Miller E Kathryn , Khuri-Bulos Najwa , Halasa Natasha B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A cross-sectional viral surveillance study of hospitalized children less than 2 years of old in Amman, Jordan, noted that respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus, but not human rhinovirus, were associated with higher odds of acute wheezing. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the association between early childhood viral acute respiratory infections and recurrent wheezing later in childhood.