bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization and differential expression reveal functional divergence of stress-responsive enzymes in C4panicoid models,Setaria italicaandSetaria viridis
Authors: Muthamilarasan Mehanathan , Singh Roshan Kumar , Suresh Bonthala Venkata , Dulani Priya , Singh Nagendra Kumar , Prasad Manoj 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStress-responsive genes regulate the morpho-physiological as well as molecular responses of plants to environmental cues. In addition to known genes, there are several unknown genes underlying stress-responsive machinery. One such machinery is the sophisticated biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanism of the C4photosynthetic pathway that enables the plants to survive in high temperatures, high light intensities and drought conditions. Despite the importance of C4photosynthesis, no comprehensive study has been performed to identify and characterize the key enzymes involved in this process among sequenced Poaceae genomes. In the present study, five major classes of enzymes that are reported to play roles in C4biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanism were identified in sequenced Poaceae genomes with emphasis on the model crops,Setaria italicaandS. viridis. Further analysis revealed that segmental and tandem duplications have contributed to the expansion of these gene families. Comparative genome mapping and molecular dating provided insights into their duplication and divergence in the course of evolution. Expression profiling of candidate genes in contrastingS. italicacultivars subjected to abiotic stresses and hormone treatments showed distinct stress-specific upregulation ofSiαCaH1,SiβCaH5, SiPEPC2,SiPPDK2,SiMDH8andSiNADP-ME5in the tolerant cultivar. Altogether, the study highlights key stress-responsive genes that could serve as potential candidates for elucidating their precise roles in stress tolerance.Key messageComprehensive analysis of stress-responsive gene families in C4model plants,Setaria italicaandS. viridisidentifiedSiαCaH1,SiPEPC2,SiPPDK2,SiMDH8andSiNADP-ME5as potential candidates for engineering abiotic stress tolerance.
Auxin transport network underlies xylem bridge formation between the hemi-parasitic plantPhtheirospermum japonicumand host Arabidopsis
Authors: Wakatake Takanori , Yoshida Satoko , Shirasu Ken 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTParasitic plants form vascular connections to host plants for efficient material transport. The haustorium is the responsible organ for host invasion and subsequent vascular connection. After invasion of host tissues, vascular meristem-like cells emerge in the central region of the haustorium, differentiate into tracheary elements, and establish a connection, known as a xylem bridge, between parasite and host xylem systems. Despite the importance of this parasitic connection, the regulatory mechanisms of xylem bridge formation are unknown. Here we show the role of auxin and auxin transporters during the process of xylem bridge formation using an Orobanchaceae hemiparasitic plant,Phtheirospermum japonicum. The auxin response marker DR5 has a similar expression pattern to tracheary element differentiation genes in haustoria. Auxin transport inhibitors alter tracheary element differentiation in haustoria, but biosynthesis inhibitors do not, demonstrating the importance of auxin transport during xylem bridge formation. The expression patterns and subcellular localization of PIN family auxin efflux carriers and AUX/LAX influx carriers correlate with DR5 expression patterns. The cooperative action of auxin transporters is therefore responsible for controlling xylem vessel connections between parasite and host.
Irrational rationalities and governmentality‐effected neglect in immigration practice: Legal migrants’ entitlements to services and benefits in the United Kingdom
Authors: Oliver Caroline 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGovernments’ attempts to manage immigration increasingly restrict immigrants’ eligibility to healthcare, education, and welfare benefits. This article examines the operation of these restrictions in the United Kingdom. It draws on qualitative research with civil servants and NGO expert advisors, and applies sociological theories on bureaucracy as a lens to interpret these data. Conceptually, the paper employs a generative synthesis of Ritzer’s notion of “irrational rationality” and Foucault’s perspective on “governmentality” to explain observed outcomes. Findings show that public service workers struggle with complex and opaque regulations, which grant different entitlements to different categories of migrants. The confusion results in mistakes, arbitrary decisions, and hypercorrection, but also a system‐wide indifference to irrational outcomes, supported by human factors in contexts of austerity. I consider this a form of governmentality‐effected neglect, where power operates as much through inaction as well as through intention, but which results in exclusions of legal migrants that are harsher in practice than in law.
Cardiac tamponade in multiple myeloma – A pictorial case review of FDG PET/CT findings
Authors: Chen Tony , Taubman Kim , Xiao Hao , Yap Kelvin , Schlicht Stephen 
Published: December 2019

SummaryPericardial involvement of multiple myeloma is a rare and late‐stage complication, with only a few cases reported in the literature. PET/CT has demonstrated a growing role in the diagnosis and follow‐up of patients with multiple myeloma. We present a case of pericardial multiple myeloma in a patient with relapsed/refractory disease, showcasing previously unpublished FDG PET/CT findings.
Prognostic value of baseline 18F‐FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters in paediatric lymphoma
Authors: Zhou Yeye , Hong Zhihui , Zhou Min , Sang Shibiao , Zhang Bin , Li Jihui , Li Qingru , Wu Yiwei , Deng Shengming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn the present study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of metabolic parameters, including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total metabolic tumour volume (tMTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), measured at baseline 18F‐FDG PET/CT in paediatric lymphoma.MethodsFrom March 2013 to April 2019, 47 patients with paediatric lymphoma, including 38 males and nine females with an average age of 14.87 years, who underwent 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan prior to treatment were retrospectively included in this study. SUVmax, MTV and TLG were recorded. Survival curves were established according to the Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank test. Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to assess differences in metabolic parameters between different clinical outcomes.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 36 months (range of 3–74 months). The 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) of the low TLG and high TLG groups was 95.24% (20/21) and 57.69% (15/26), respectively (P = 0.004). TLG and tMTV were significantly higher in progression‐free patients compared with the progression group. Univariate analysis showed that B symptoms (P = 0.014), effusion (P = 0.010), tMTV (P = 0.008) and TLG (P = 0.004) were the predictive factors for PFS. The tMTV (P = 0.005), TLG (P = 0.005) and effusion (P = 0.003) were associated with OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that TLG was the only independent prognostic factor for PFS (HR = 11.133, 95% CI = 1.435–86.405, P = 0.021).ConclusionsCollectively, TLG of baseline 18F‐FDG PET/CT was an independent prognostic factor for PFS in patients with paediatric lymphoma.
Estimation of direct cost of managing rheumatoid arthritis treatment to Pakistani patients using real‐world follow‐up data
Authors: Naqvi Atta Abbas , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Naqvi Syed Baqir Shyum , Kachela Bharti , Khan Irfanullah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate annual direct cost attributed to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment from a patient's perspective using real‐world patient follow‐up data from hospitals’ electronic database.MethodsA prospective 1‐year study was conducted in rheumatology clinics of tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. Cost‐of‐illness methodology was used and all patient data related to costs of rheumatologist visits, physical therapy sessions, medications, assistive devices and laboratory investigations were obtained directly in printed hardcopies from patient electronic databases using their medical record numbers. Transportation cost was calculated from patient‐reported log books. Data were analyzed through IBM SPSS version 23. Patients were asked to sign a written consent and the study was ethically approved.ResultsThe mean age of patients (N = 358) was 48 years. Most patients (73.7%) were female, married (86%) and had basic education (71.8%). Average cost of rheumatologist visits was PKR 11 510.61 (USD: 72.05) while it was PKR 66 947.37 (USD: 419.07) for physical therapy sessions. On average, medicines and medical devices costs were estimated at PKR 10 104.23 (USD: 63.25) and PKR 7848.48 (USD: 49.13) respectively. Cost attributed to diagnostic and laboratory charges was PKR 1962.12 (USD: 12.28) and travel expense was PKR 6541 (USD: 40.95). The direct expenditure associated with managing RA was PKR 37 558 (USD: 235.1). All costs were reported per annum.ConclusionPatient with RA in Pakistan pay a considerable amount of their income for managing their condition. Most patients have no provision for insurance which is a need considering the nature of the disease and associated productivity loss that would significantly lower income as the disease progresses.
Economic Reforms in the Aftermath of Regime Change in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Cassey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe 14th general election in May 2018 brought about an unexpected change in political rule in Malaysia for the first time since the country's independence in 1957. In its first year of rule, the new Pakatan Harapan‐led government implemented several populist economic policies that were drawn from its election manifesto. While these policies may have moderated populist politics to some extent, they have also weakened the government's fiscal capacity. Ethnic fragmentation and a strengthened opposition alliance have also made it difficult for the new government to implement its ambitious institutional reform agenda.
Recurrent lichenoid reaction to black tattoo ink: A case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: Brown Hilary , Hannaford Rodney 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCutaneous reactions to tattoos are increasing as the prevalence of tattoos increases. Lichenoid reactions often occur in red tattoos and are usually localised to the tattoo. We present a case of recurrent lichenoid reaction occurring in both the black tattooed and adjacent non‐tattooed skin.
Medication safety challenges in Aboriginal Health Care services
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Gruis Hilton 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the challenges faced by the Aboriginal Health Practitioners in the community assisting their clients to manage medicines.DesignQualitative, in depth interviews with eight Aboriginal Health Practitioners employed at various Aboriginal Community Controlled Health services in Victoria were undertaken.SettingRural Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service.ParticipantsAboriginal Health Practitioners who are registered with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Practice Board of Australia as an Aboriginal Health Practitioner and who have experience in the planning, provision, management and evaluation of health services within their scope of practice.ResultsThis study revealed multiples challenges faced by Aboriginal Health Practitioners assisting clients with medication management. These were mainly divided into the attitudes and the culture of the workplace and barriers with medications use faced by the clients. The following subthemes were identified within the attitudes and workplace culture theme. These were reporting of errors, pamphlets not culturally appropriate, lack of education of Aboriginal Health Practitioner role and doctors' understanding of Aboriginal culture. The subthemes identified by the Aboriginal Health Practitioners that were specific to the clients included language barriers, immediacy, sharing medications by family members, medications disposal, self‐diagnosis, traditional medicine, not feeling comfortable with doctors, literacy and alcohol use.ConclusionThis study has identified many barriers to medication safety in the Aboriginal community, and strategies to improve some of the challenges identified.
Avβ3 single‐stranded DNA aptamer attenuates vascular restenosis via Ras‐PI3K/MAPK pathway in rats after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Wu Hong‐bing , Wang Zhi‐wei , Shi Feng , Ren Zong‐li , Li Luo‐cheng , Hu Xiao‐ping , Hu Rui , Li Bo‐wen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOur aim was to investigate the effect of avβ3 single‐stranded DNA aptamer (avβ3 ssDNA) on vascular restenosis in rats after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) via the Ras‐PI3K/MAPK pathway. Sixty Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham‐operated, PTCA, PTCA+cilengitide (18 mg/kg, n = 8), and avβ3 ssDNA treatment at 50, 100, and 200 μg/kg. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining was performed to evaluate the successful establishment of the PTCA model and to assess the degree of intimal hyperplasia. Immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization were carried out to observe the level of avβ3. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), angiotensin 1 (ANG1), and ANG2. The expression of osteopontin (OPN), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Ras, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase (PI3K), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and GTPase was observed by the western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Compared with rats subjected to PTCA only, those treated with avβ3 ssDNA showed significantly decreased vascular occlusion rate (P < .05). The protein expression of avβ3, OPN, p‐FAK, ANG2, and E‐cadherin was significantly increased by avβ3 ssDNA (P < .05), while the levels of ANG1, α‐SMA, N‐cadherin Ras, MAPK, PI3K, STAT1, and GTPase were significantly decreased (P < .05). Avβ3 ssDNA reduced the proliferation, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and vascular remodeling of vascular smooth muscle cells, and the mechanism may be related to the Ras‐PI3K/MAPK pathway.
A single centre experience of treatment outcomes for Helicobacter pylori infection among inner‐city children and adolescents
Authors: Mathews Jubin , Malik Preeti , Rai Anjali , Lin Juan , Kim Ryung S. , Pan Debra H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThis study assessed treatment outcomes of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection among inner‐city children.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients aged 1‐21 years who underwent initial treatment for H pylori infection from 2011 to 2015. We included patients who completed 2 weeks of treatment with documented adequate compliance after H pylori infection was diagnosed. Treatment outcomes were measured based on stool H pylori antigen and/or histology.ResultsOf the total 261 patients diagnosed with H pylori, 239 completed the first‐line treatment. The regimens used included amoxicillin/clarithromycin/proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in 207/239 patients (86.6%), amoxicillin/metronidazole/PPI in 14/239 patients (5.8%) and other regimens in 18/239 patients (7.5%). H pylori eradication status was tested in 111/207 (53.6%) patients treated with amoxicillin/clarithromycin/PPI, and the eradication was achieved in 84/111(75.7%) patients. The treatment success rates for amoxicillin/metronidazole/PPI and other regimens were 71.4% (5/7) and 63.6% (7/11), respectively. There was no statistical significance of post‐treatment stool H pylori antigen results between PPI (n = 31) and no PPI (n = 43) users.ConclusionThe study showed an eradication rate of 75.7% with the regimen amoxicillin/clarithromycin/PPI suggesting significant antibiotic resistance in our population. The use of PPI did not influence post‐treatment stool H pylori antigen results.
Letter: hepatitis B virus infection and risk of multiple myeloma—a meta‐analysis of cohort studies. Authors' reply
Authors: Su Tung‐Hung , Chen Chi‐Ling , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Su et al and An papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15132 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15590.
ROC‐guided survival trees and ensembles
Authors: Sun Yifei , Chiou Sy Han , Wang Mei‐Cheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTree‐based methods are popular nonparametric tools in studying time‐to‐event outcomes. In this article, we introduce a novel framework for survival trees and ensembles, where the trees partition the dynamic survivor population and can handle time‐dependent covariates. Using the idea of randomized tests, we develop generalized time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for evaluating the performance of survival trees. The tree‐building algorithm is guided by decision‐theoretic criteria based on ROC, targeting specifically for prediction accuracy. To address the instability issue of a single tree, we propose a novel ensemble procedure based on averaging martingale estimating equations, which is different from existing methods that average the predicted survival or cumulative hazard functions from individual trees. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed methods. We apply the methods to a study on AIDS for illustration.
Pixantrone plus rituximab versus gemcitabine plus rituximab in patients with relapsed aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma not eligible for stem cell transplantation: a phase 3, randomized, multicentre trial (PIX306)
Authors: Pettengell Ruth , Długosz‐Danecka Monika , Andorsky David , Belada David , Georgiev Pencho , Quick Donald , Singer Jack W. , Singh Simran B. , Pallis Athanasios , Egorov Anton , Salles Gilles 
Published: December 2019

SummaryPIX306 was a phase 3, randomised, single‐blind, multicentre trial conducted in adult patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or follicular lymphoma (FL) grade 3 who relapsed after ≥1 rituximab‐containing regimen and were not eligible for a stem cell transplant. Patients were randomised 1:1 to pixantrone 50 mg/m2 or gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28‐day cycle, combined with rituximab 375 mg/m2 on day 1, for up to six cycles. Patients were followed for up to 96 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), complete response (CR) rate, overall response rate (ORR) and safety. Overall, 312 patients were randomised (median age 73·0 years). The study did not meet its primary endpoint. Median PFS [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 7·3 months (5·2–8·4) with pixantrone + rituximab (PIX + R) and 6·3 months (4·4–8·1) with gemcitabine + rituximab [GEM + R; hazard ratio (HR): 0·85; 95% CI 0·64–1·14; P = 0·28]. Median OS was 13·3 (10·1–19·8) months with PIX + R and 19·6 (12·4–31·9) months with GEM + R (HR: 1·13; 95% CI 0·83–1·53). ORR was 61·9% and 43·9% respectively and CR rate 35·5% and 21·7%. The incidence of adverse events, including cardiac events, was not statistically significant different between PIX + R and GEM + R.
Maximum impact heights of currently used mouthguards in field hockey
Authors: van Vliet Kirsten E. , Kleverlaan Cees J. , Lobbezoo Frank , de Lange Jan , van Wijk Arjen J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground/AimThe effectiveness of mouthguards used in field hockey is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the maximum impact heights between currently used mouthguards in field hockey to prevent dental injury.MethodsFour boil‐and‐bite mouthguards (Dita, Shock Doctor, SISU, and Stag) and one custom‐made mouthguard (Elysee) were tested for maximum impact height. A hockey ball was released in a tube from increasing heights onto plaster and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dental models. Models were tested without mouthguard as a control. The experiment was repeated 10 times per mouthguard and for the control on each dental model. The maximum impact height for when the dental model broke was used to calculate the speed. The mouthguards and controls were compared.ResultsThe maximum impact heights (median [25%‐75%] in meters) onto plaster dental models were as follows: control 0.23 (0.15‐0.25), Dita 0.35 (0.30‐0.35), Elysee 0.45 (0.34‐0.50), Shock Doctor 0.68 (0.60‐0.74), SISU 0.23 (0.20‐0.26), and Stag 0.35 (0.35‐0.46). The maximum impact height for Shock Doctor was significantly higher than all other mouthguards and the control (all P < .05). The maximum impact heights onto PMMA dental models were as follows: control 2.00 (1.30‐2.50), Dita 3.80 (2.65‐6.95), Elysee 3.30 (2.30‐4.20), Shock Doctor 6.20 (2.80‐8.10), SISU 2.60 (1.90‐3.15), and Stag 3.90 (1.25‐5.15). The maximum impact height for Shock Doctor was significantly higher than for SISU, Stag, and the control (all P < .05), but did not differ significantly from Dita (P = .43) and Elysee (P = .12).ConclusionShock Doctor had the highest maximum impact height compared to the other mouthguards and appears to be the most effective mouthguard tested in this study.
Quality of life is maintained with ixazomib maintenance in post‐transplant newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: The TOURMALINE‐MM3 trial
Authors: Schjesvold Fredrik , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Maisnar Vladimir , Spicka Ivan , Abildgaard Neils , Rowlings Philip , Cain Lauren , Romanus Dorothy , Suryanarayan Kaveri , Rajkumar Vincent , Odom Dawn , Gnanasakthy Ari , Dimopoulos Meletios 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesHealth‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is particularly important during maintenance therapy (MT) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma post‐transplant, when disease symptoms are limited.MethodsWe assessed HRQoL in patients randomised to 26 cycles of MT (ixazomib vs placebo) in TOURMALINE‐MM3 (NCT02181413).ResultsThe characteristics at study entry were well‐balanced between ixazomib (n = 386) and placebo (n = 251) arms. At study entry, EORTC QLQ‐C30 and MY20 scores were high for functional scales and low for symptom scales and were comparable with those of the general population. Changes in subscale scores across intervals, analysed over 30 four‐week intervals using a linear mixed‐effects model, were generally small and similar between arms for the EORTC QLQ‐C30 Global Health Status/QoL, Physical Functioning, and Pain subscales and EORTC QLQ‐MY20 Disease Symptoms subscale and Peripheral Neuropathy item. EORTC QLQ‐C30 Nausea/Vomiting and Diarrhoea subscales were consistently worse for ixazomib than for placebo, in line with the ixazomib toxicity profile. Even when least‐squares mean differences between arms were statistically significant, none reached the established minimal important clinical difference of 10 in multiple myeloma.ConclusionsIn addition to improvement in progression‐free survival with ixazomib, HRQoL was maintained in both arms. Active treatment with ixazomib did not have an adverse impact on HRQoL.