bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medieval buildings and environmental change: chronology,ecology and political administration at Castle Sween, Knapdale
Authors: Thacker Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents results from an integrated programme of landscape, buildings and materials analysis undertaken at Castle Sween under the aegis of the Scottish Medieval Castles & Chapels C14 Project (SMCCCP). A suite of petrographic, archaeobotanical and radiocarbon analyses are employed to present the first independent dating evidence relating to the construction of three phases of the castle complex, including a primary phase curtain-walled enclosure widely regarded as mainland Scotland’s earliest surviving medieval masonry castle. This data is generally consistent with previous interpretations of the building’s stratigraphy and architectural style, although an earlier than expected determination for the northeast tower draws further attention the contrasting character of this particular structure. Archaeobotanical analysis of the largest assemblage of mortar-entrapped relict limekiln fuel fragments undertaken by the project, thus far, also hints at wider changes in the surrounding environment. Correlating this buildings evidence with palynological and other data associated with the political, vegetational and climate history of the surrounding lordship, and across Argyll more widely, is beginning to align the construction of Castle Sween with broader ecological processes from which the surrounding environment has emerged.
The Treatment Decision-making Preferences of Patients with Prostate Cancer Should Be Recorded in Research and Clinical Routine: a Pooled Analysis of Four Survey Studies with 7169 Patients
Authors: Ihrig Andreas , Maatouk I. , Friederich H. C. , Baunacke M. , Groeben C. , Koch R. , Thomas C. , Huber J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDifferent patients want to take different roles in the treatment decision-making process; these roles can be classified as passive, collaborative, and active. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between decision-making preferences among patients with prostate cancer and personal, disease-related, and structural factors. In four survey studies, we asked 7169 prostate cancer patients about their decision-making preferences using the Control Preferences Scale (CPS) and collected clinical, psychological, and quality-of-life measures. Most patients (62.2%) preferred collaborative decision-making, while 2322 (32.4%) preferred an active role, and only 391 (5.5%) preferred a passive role. Age (p < 0.001), data collection mode (p < 0.001), peer-to-peer support (p = 0.018), treatment status (p < 0.001), performed or planned radical prostatectomy (p < 0.001), metastatic disease (p = 0.001), and quality of life (p < 0.001) showed significant associations with patients’ preferred decision-making roles. Oncologic risk group, anxiety, and depression were not significant in the model. In particular, younger prostate cancer patients with higher quality of life completing an online survey want to play a more active role in treatment decision-making. Before treatment has started, patients tend to prefer collaborative decision-making. Few prostate cancer patients in Germany prefer a passive role. These patients are mostly older patients, patients with a metastatic disease, and patients who have opted for prostatectomy. Whether this finding reflects a generational effect or a tendency by age group and disease phase should be investigated. Further research is also needed to describe the causalities of these relationships. The CPS offers valuable information for personal counselling and should be applied in clinical routine. In a large group of patients with prostate cancer, we found that there is a strong desire for joint decision-making with the physician before the actual treatment. Especially younger men, men with active online behaviour, and men with a high quality of life want to be actively involved in therapy decision-making processes.
Semantic segmentation with deep learning: detection of cracks at the cut edge of glass
Authors: Drass Michael , Berthold Hagen , Kraus Michael A. , Müller-Braun Steffen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, artificial intelligence (AI) will be applied for the first time in the context of glass processing. The goal is to use an algorithm based on artificial intelligence to detect the fractured edge of a cut glass in order to generate a so-called mask image by AI. In the context of AI, this is a classical problem of semantic segmentation, in which objects (here the cut-edge of the cut glass) are automatically surrounded by the power of AI or detected and drawn. An original image of a cut glass edge is implemented into a deep neural net and processed in such a way that a mask image, i.e. an image of the cut edge, is automatically generated. Currently, this is only possible by manual tracing the cut-edge due to the fact that the crack contour of glass can sometimes only be recognized roughly. After manually marking the crack using an image processing program, the contour is then automatically evaluated further. AI and deep learning may provide the potential to automate the step of manual detection of the cut-edge of cut glass to great extent. In addition to the enormous time savings, the objectivity and reproducibility of detection is an important aspect, which will be addressed in this paper.
A buried past: five thousand years of (pre) history on the Jing-Wei floodplain
Authors: Wa Ye , Hein Anke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Jing-Wei Floodplain, located in Shaanxi, China, has been home to various groups of people over the last 5000 years. Drawing together evidence from archaeology, paleobotany, geomorphology, climate sciences, and history, this paper provides a longue durée study of the local (pre)history of human occupation in this area with a special focus on human adaptation strategies and environmental history. In particular, the study summarizes and evaluates archaeological and geomorphological field research conducted over the last ten years and connects it with often overlooked local historical accounts and recent climate research in the Wei River Valley and observations on recent economic developments and their impact on both the environment and the people living in it. In spite of a rather long hiatus in occupation from the second century BCE to the twelfth century CE, the evidence shows that there are close similarities in human-environment relations and even continuities into the modern period. Though being a highly localized study, this paper can serve as an example for how such longue durée studies may be conducted in other regions, and it provides some suggestions for future field and laboratory research.
Failures of Intention and Failed-Art
Authors: Xhignesse Michel-Antoine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper explores what happens when artists fail to execute their goals. I argue that taxonomies of failure in general, and of failed-art in particular, should focus on the attempts which generate the failed-entity, and that to do this they must be sensitive to an attempt’s orientation. This account of failed-attempts delivers three important new insights into artistic practice: (1) there can be no accidental art, only deliberate and incidental art; (2) art’s intention-dependence entails the possibility of performative failure, but not of failed-art; and (3) art’s intention-dependence is perfectly compatible with the role that luck plays in artistic creation.
Effect of heat stress on udder health of dairy cows
Authors: Rakib Md Rezaul Hai , Zhou Man , Xu Siyu , Liu Yang , Asfandyar Khan Muhammad , Han Bo , Gao Jian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis Research Reflection short review presents an overview of the effects of heat stress on dairy cattle udder health and discusses existing heat stress mitigation strategies for a better understanding and identification of appropriate abatement plans for future stress management. Due to high ambient temperatures with high relative humidity in summer, dairy cows respond by changes of physical, biochemical and biological pathways to neutralize heat stress resulting in decreased production performance and poorer immunity resulting in an increased incidence of intramammary infections (IMI) and a higher somatic cell count (SCC). In vitro studies on bovine polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) suggested that heat stress reduces the phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst of PMN and alters the expression of apoptotic genes and miRNA which, together with having a negative effect on the immune system, may explain the increased susceptibility to IMI. Although there are limited data regarding the incidence rate of clinical mastitis in many countries or regions, knowledge of SCC at the cow or bulk tank level helps encourage farmers to improve herd health and to develop strategies for infection prevention and cure. Therefore, more research into bulk tank SCC and clinical mastitis rates is needed to explain the effect of heat stress on dairy cow udder health and functions that could be influenced by abatement plans.
Childhood trauma and amygdala nuclei volumes in youth at risk for mental illness
Authors: Nogovitsyn Nikita , Addington Jean , Souza Roberto , Placsko Thea J. , Stowkowy Jacqueline , Wang JianLi , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Bray Signe , Lebel Catherine , Taylor Valerie H. , Kennedy Sidney H. , MacQueen Glenda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdults with significant childhood trauma and/or serious mental illness may exhibit persistent structural brain changes within limbic structures, including the amygdala. Little is known about the structure of the amygdala prior to the onset of SMI, despite the relatively high prevalence of trauma in at-risk youth.MethodsData were gathered from the Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcome study. A total of 182 youth with a mean age of 18.3 years completed T1-weighted MRI scans along with clinical assessments that included questionnaires on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants also completed the Childhood Trauma and Abuse Scale. We used a novel subfield-specific amygdala segmentation workflow as a part of FreeSurfer 6.0 to examine amygdala structure.ResultsParticipants with higher trauma scores were more likely to have smaller amygdala volumes, particularly within the basal regions. Among various types of childhood trauma, sexual and physical abuse had the largest effects on amygdala subregions. Abuse-related differences in the right basal region mediated the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, even though no participants met criteria for clinical diagnosis at the time of assessment.ConclusionThe experience of physical or sexual abuse may leave detectable structural alterations in key regions of the amygdala, potentially mediating the risk of psychopathology in trauma-exposed youth.
Mental health of older migrants migrating along with adult children in China: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Julia Juan , Lai Daniel W. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to urbanisation in China, about 7.74 million older people have migrated to urban centres, where their adult children reside and work, to care for their grandchildren. While older migrants may benefit from family reunion and mutual support, empirical studies have identified challenges to adaptation, integration and mental health. Employing a systematic literature review approach, this paper examines recent empirical studies on the mental health of older migrants migrating along with adult children in China, focusing on mental health and wellbeing outcomes and determinants and directions for social work interventions. It identifies directions for considering diversity in conceptualisations of mental health and in theoretical perspectives to enrich understanding of the experiences of Chinese older migrants migrating along with adult children and potential interventions.
Does raising the pension age prolong working life? Evidence from pension age reform in Estonia
Authors: Soosaar Orsolya , Puur Allan , Leppik Lauri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe estimate how raising the statutory retirement age affects employment by considering the pension age reform in Estonia, that gradually raised the normal retirement age (NRA) for women from 58 to 61.5 and the early retirement age (ERA) from 56 to 59.5 during the period of 2001–2011. The analysis employs a difference-in-differences estimation strategy on register data covering women born between 1943 and 1952. The reform did have an impact on the employment rate of affected women, with an estimated increase of 4.1 percentage points associated with the rise in the NRA, and 3.4 percentage points with the rise in the ERA. These estimates are at the lower end of those found in previous studies for other countries, pointing to the role of contextual features such as lower replacement rates and fewer disincentives to work while drawing pensions.
Dicamba emissions under field conditions as affected by surface condition
Authors: Mueller Thomas C. , Steckel Lawrence E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe evolution and widespread distribution of glyphosate-resistant broadleaf weed species catalyzed the introduction of dicamba-resistant crops that allow this herbicide to be applied POST to soybean and cotton. Applications of dicamba that are most cited for off-target movement have occurred in June and July in many states when weeds are often in high densities and at least 10 cm or taller at the time of application. For registration purposes, most field studies examining pesticide emissions are conducted using bare ground or very small plants. Research was conducted in Knoxville, TN, in the summer of 2017, 2018, and 2019 to examine the effect of application surface (tilled soil, dead plants, green plants) on dicamba emissions under field conditions. Dicamba emissions after application were affected by the treated surface in all years, with the order from least to most emissions being dead plants < tilled soil < green plant material. In fact, dicamba emissions were >300% when applied to green plants compared to other surfaces. These findings suggest that dicamba applications made to bare ground will likely underestimate what may occur under normal field use conditions when POST applications are made and the crop canopy or weed groundcover is nearly 100% green material. A potential change to enhance the accuracy of current environmental simulation models would be to increase the theoretical findings to allow for the effect of green plant material on dicamba emissions under field conditions.
Zur Lage der professionellen Psychologie im Gesundheitssystem Österreichs
Authors: Wimmer-Puchinger Beate , Wolf Hilde , Klimesch Anne 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Möglichkeiten der professionellen Psychologie im Gesundheitssystem in Österreich werden wesentlich durch die legistischen Rahmenbedingungen und die Finanzierungsmodi ihrer Leistungen bestimmt. Das erste Psychologengesetz, 1990, ermöglichte einen umfangreichen Titelschutz und Behandlungserlaubnis. Das Psychologengesetz 2013 regelte Qualitätsstandards und höhere Ausbildungsanforderungen. Das österreichische Dilemma besteht im gesetzlichen Splitting der psychologischen und psychotherapeutischen Tätigkeiten. Während klinische Psycholog_innen in allen medizinischen Fächern österreichweit in Krankenanstalten etablierter Bestandteil der Behandlungsteams sind, ist die klinisch-psychologische Behandlung extramural als Kassenleistung nicht vorgesehen. Um das Tätigkeitsspektrum und die Situation der Psycholog_innen zu ermitteln, wird fünfjährig eine Mitgliederbefragung des Berufsverbandes österreichischer Psycholog_innen (BÖP) durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung von 1.034 Mitgliedern im Jahr 2019 zeigen einen hohen Anteil an Mitgliedern aus dem Fachbereich Klinische Psychologie und Gesundheitspsychologie, viele davon sind sogar mehrfachqualifiziert. Erfreulich wenig Kolleg_innen sind arbeitssuchend. Der BÖP ist Auftragnehmer von diversen gesellschafts- und gesundheitspolitisch relevanten, flächendeckenden Maßnahmen des Bundesministeriums für Soziales, Gesundheit, Pflege und Konsumentenschutz (Sozialministerium) wie zum Beispiel die klinisch Psychologische Betreuung von arbeitslosen Personen sowie klinisch-psychologische Interventionen für belastete pflegende Angehörige. Um auf die Bedeutung guter und ausreichender psychischer Versorgung aufmerksam zu machen, initiierte der BÖP eine Open Petition, die rund 30.000 Unterstützer_innen aus diversen Gesundheitsberufen wie Medizin, Psychologie und Psychotherapie erreichte (Stand April 2020). Ziel ist es einen Masterplan für eine bessere psychische Versorgung in Österreich zu entwickeln. Dies erscheint angesichts der Prognose der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (World Health Organisation, WHO), dass psychische Erkrankungen und besonders Depressionen die zukünftigen Top-Belastungen der Gesellschaft sein werden, als eine Notwendigkeit.
NRLMSIS 2.0: A Whole‐Atmosphere Empirical Model of Temperature and Neutral Species Densities
Authors: Emmert J. T. , Drob D. P. , Picone J. M. , Siskind D. E. , Jones M. , Mlynczak M. G. , Bernath P. F. , Chu X. , Doornbos E. , Funke B. , Goncharenko L. P. , Hervig M. E. , Schwartz M. J. , Sheese P. E. , Vargas F. , Williams B. P. , Yuan T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNRLMSIS® 2.0 is an empirical atmospheric model that extends from the ground to the exobase and describes the average observed behavior of temperature, eight species densities, and mass density via a parametric analytic formulation. The model inputs are location, day of year, time of day, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity. NRLMSIS 2.0 is a major, reformulated upgrade of the previous version, NRLMSISE‐00. The model now couples thermospheric species densities to the entire column, via an effective mass profile that transitions each species from the fully mixed region below ~70 km altitude to the diffusively separated region above ~200 km. Other changes include the extension of atomic oxygen down to 50 km and the use of geopotential height as the internal vertical coordinate. We assimilated extensive new lower and middle atmosphere temperature, O, and H data, along with global average thermospheric mass density derived from satellite orbits, and we validated the model against independent samples of these data. In the mesosphere and below, residual biases and standard deviations are considerably lower than NRLMSISE‐00. The new model is warmer in the upper troposphere and cooler in the stratosphere and mesosphere. In the thermosphere, N2 and O densities are lower in NRLMSIS 2.0; otherwise, the NRLMSISE‐00 thermosphere is largely retained. Future advances in thermospheric specification will likely require new in situ mass spectrometer measurements, new techniques for species density measurement between 100 and 200 km, and the reconciliation of systematic biases among thermospheric temperature and composition data sets, including biases attributable to long‐term changes.
Sound Velocities of Al‐Bearing Phase D up to 22 GPa and 1300 K
Authors: Xu Chaowen , Gréaux Steeve , Inoue Toru , Noda Masamichi , Sun Wei , Kuwahara Hideharu , Higo Yuji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSound velocities of Al‐bearing phase D were investigated up to 22 GPa and 1300 K using in situ synchrotron X‐ray techniques combined with ultrasonic measurements in a multianvil apparatus. The isothermal bulk modulus of Al‐bearing phase D was found to be ~16.7% lower than that of Mg‐endmember, suggesting a strong effect of Al incorporation on the bulk modulus of phase D. Al‐bearing phase D has higher P‐ (VP) and S‐ (VS) wave velocities compared to other mantle transition zone minerals, up to 4.3% for VP and up to 9.6% for VS compared with hydrous iron‐bearing ringwoodite, which might engender reduction of velocity contrast between anhydrous mantle and hydrous slab components. The accumulation of hydrated slab components carrying Al‐phase D in the uppermost lower mantle can explain some local negative shear velocity perturbations (ΔVS) up to −1.5%, although ΔVP (−0.5%) is expected to remain below the detection limit of seismological techniques.
Field Line Resonances in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Lysak R. L. , Song Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe arrival of the Juno satellite at Jupiter has led to an increased interest in the dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere. Jupiter's auroral emissions often exhibit quasiperiodic oscillations with periods of tens of minutes. Magnetic observations indicate that ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves with similar periods are often seen in data from Galileo and other satellites traversing the Jovian magnetosphere. Such waves can be associated with field line resonances, which are standing shear Alfvén waves on the field lines. Using model magnetic fields and plasma distributions, the frequencies of field line resonances and their harmonics on field lines connecting to the main auroral oval have been determined. Time domain simulations of Alfvén wave propagation have illustrated the evolution of such resonances. These studies indicate that harmonics of the field line resonances are common in the 10–40 min band.
Volcanically Induced Transient Atmospheres on the Moon: Assessment of Duration, Significance, and Contributions to Polar Volatile Traps
Authors: Head James W. , Wilson Lionel , Deutsch Ariel N. , Rutherford Malcolm J. , Saal Alberto E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA transient lunar atmosphere formed during a peak period of volcanic outgassing and lasting up to about ~70 Ma was recently proposed. We utilize forward‐modeling of individual lunar basaltic eruptions and the observed geologic record to predict eruption frequency, magma volumes, and rates of volcanic volatile release. Typical lunar mare basalt eruptions have volumes of ~102–103 km3, last less than a year, and have a rapidly decreasing volatile release rate. The total volume of lunar mare basalts erupted is small, and the repose period between individual eruptions is predicted to range from 20,000 to 60,000 years. Only under very exceptional circumstances could sufficient volatiles be released in a single eruption to create a transient atmosphere with a pressure as large as ~0.5 Pa. The frequency of eruptions was likely too low to sustain any such atmosphere for more than a few thousand years. Transient, volcanically induced atmospheres were probably inefficient sources for volatile delivery to permanently shadowed lunar polar regions.
How Important Are Post‐Tropical Cyclones for European Windstorm Risk?
Authors: Sainsbury Elliott M. , Schiemann Reinhard K. H. , Hodges Kevin I. , Shaffrey Len C. , Baker Alex J. , Bhatia Kieran T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPost‐tropical cyclones (PTCs) extend many hazards associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) to the midlatitudes. Despite recent high‐impact cases affecting Europe such as Ophelia, little research has been done to characterize the risk of PTCs. Here we compare the climatologies and intensity distributions of midlatitude cyclones (MLCs) and PTCs in the North Atlantic and Europe by tracking cyclones in the ERA5 reanalysis. Considering hurricane season cyclones impacting Northern Europe, PTCs show a significantly higher mean maximum intensity than MLCs, but make only a small contribution to total windstorm risk. Our results show that a disproportionately large fraction of high‐intensity cyclones impacting Europe during hurricane season are PTCs. The fraction of PTCs impacting N Europe with storm force (>25 m s−1) winds is ~10 times higher than that for MLCs. Less than 1% of cyclones impacting Northern Europe are identified to be PTCs. This rises to 8.8% when considering cyclones which impact with storm force winds.