bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia, metabolism, and the circadian clock: new links to overcome radiation resistance in high-grade gliomas
Authors: Shen Han , Cook Kristina , Gee Harriet E. , Hau Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment of high-grade gliomas (HGGs). It eradicates tumor cells by inducing oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage. Unfortunately, almost all HGGs recur locally within several months secondary to radioresistance with intricate molecular mechanisms. Therefore, unravelling specific underlying mechanisms of radioresistance is critical to elucidating novel strategies to improve the radiosensitivity of tumor cells, and enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy. This review addresses our current understanding of how hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway have a profound impact on the response of HGGs to radiotherapy. In addition, intriguing links between hypoxic signaling, circadian rhythms and cell metabolism have been recently discovered, which may provide insights into our fundamental understanding of radioresistance. Cellular pathways involved in the hypoxic response, DNA repair and metabolism can fluctuate over 24-h periods due to circadian regulation. These oscillatory patterns may have consequences for tumor radioresistance. Timing radiotherapy for specific times of the day (chronoradiotherapy) could be beneficial in patients with HGGs and will be discussed.
Prevalence of hepatitis C in the adult population of Bulgaria: a pilot study
Authors: Sperle Ida , Nielsen Stine , Gassowski Martyna , Naneva Zlatina , Perchemlieva Tanya , Amato-Gauci Andrew , an der Heiden Matthias , Bremer Viviane , Golkocheva-Markova Elitsa , Hristov Kristiyan , Kaneva Elena , Simeonova Yanita , Tenev Tencho , Varleva Tonka , Duffell Erika , Zimmermann Ruth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study piloted a European technical protocol for conducting chronic hepatitis C prevalence surveys in the general population. The pilot study took place in the Bulgarian city of Stara Zagora in 2018, and results of setting up, conducting and evaluating the survey are presented.

Results
A probability-based sample of the general adult population was drawn from the local population registry, stratified by age and sex. A sample size of 999 was calculated, and accounting for 50% non-response, 1998 registered invitation letters were sent. Venous blood samples and questionnaire data were collected by the Regional Health Inspectorate in Stara Zagora. Blood samples were tested for anti-HCV, and if reactive for RNA. 252 (21.6%) of the participants were included in the study. Mean age and sex distribution differed between the participants (55.9 years, 60.3% females) and the total sample (48.9 years, 53.4%). The weighted chronic HCV prevalence among participants was 0.9% [95% CI 0.2–4.2%]. The approach of only sending registered letters contributed to a low response rate, and more efforts are needed to reduce non-response, especially among men and younger age groups. Results of the evaluation were integrated in the final technical protocol.
Copper alloy production in the Warring States period (475-221 BCE) of the Shu state: a metallurgical study on copper alloy objects of the Baishoulu cemetery in Chengdu, China
Authors: Li Haichao , Zuo Zhiqiang , Cui Jianfeng , Tian Jianbo , Yang Yingdong , Yi Li , Zhou Zhiqing , Fan Jianan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Many bronze objects were unearthed in the capital of the Shu state in present-day Chengdu. However, only a few metallurgical studies have been carried out on those objects. This research attempts to study the alloy techniques and possible ore sources of 28 bronze objects recently excavated from the Baishoulu cemetery in Chengdu. Elemental composition and lead isotope ratios were measured, and metallographic observations were conducted. The results indicate that most objects were copper–tin–lead alloys with variable tin and lead content. The samples showed evidence of casting, as well as cold working and annealing techniques. The lead isotope data indicate that multiple lead sources were used in Baishoulu; however, the exact number is not yet known. Most of the lead sources in Baishoulu are the same as those in Zeng state bronze and Chu state bronze. In addition, some of the bronzes came from sources that were widely used in the Central Plains and surrounding regions. This new information aids in understanding the cultural interactions between Shu and other states. Moreover, some bronzes might have used local lead sources. Copper and tin sources were difficult to determine; however, the different trace elemental patterns between Baishoulu and Bayilu bronzes indicate different copper and tin sources might be used. Additionally, copper and lead may originate from different sources in the Shu state. Systematic data are necessary to disclose a possible metal source exchange network involving the Shu state in the Warring States period.
Accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulae after laser refractive surgery in myopic eyes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Hongyu , Nan Li , Li Jun , Song Hui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulae after laser refractive surgery in myopic eyes.

Methods
We searched the databases on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane library to select relevant studies published between Jan 1st, 2009 and Aug 11th, 2019. Primary outcomes were the percentages of refractive prediction error within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D.

Results
The final meta-analysis included 16 studies using seven common methods (ASCRS average, Barrett True-K no history, Double-K SRK/T, Haigis-L, OCT formula, Shammas-PL, and Wang-Koch-Maloney). ASCRS average yielded significantly higher percentage of refractive prediction error within ±0.5 D than Haigis-L, Shammas-PL and Wang-Koch-Maloney (P = 0.009, 0.01, 0.008, respectively). Barrett True-K no history also yielded significantly higher percentage of refractive prediction error within ±0.5 D than Shammas-PL and Wang-Koch-Maloney (P = 0.01, P < 0.0001, respectively), and a similar result was found when comparing OCT formula with Haigis-L and Shammas-PL (P = 0.03, P = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion
The ASCRS average or Barrett True-K no history should be used to calculate the intraocular lens power in eyes after myopic laser refractive surgery. The OCT formula if available, can also be a good alternative choice.
Mutual comparative analysis: a new topography-guided custom ablation protocol referencing subjective refraction to modify corneal topographic data
Authors: Cao Kaiwei , Liu Lina , Zhang Tao , Liu Ting , Bai Ji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Several planning algorithms have been developed for topography-guided custom ablation treatment (T-CAT), but each has its own deficiencies. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the potential of a novel mutual comparative analysis (MCA) informed by manifest refraction and corneal topographic data and the patient’s subjective perception in correcting ametropia.

Methods
This retrospective review included patients with significant preoperative differences in the power or axis of astigmatism according to the manifest refraction and corneal topographic data (power > 0.75 D and/or axis > 10°). T-CAT planning was designed using MCA. Follow-ups were conducted for at least 6 months.

Results
Seventy-nine patients (121 eyes) were included. The mean preoperative deviation in the astigmatic power and axis were 0.72 ± 0.43 D and 20.18 ± 23.68°, respectively. The average oculus residual astigmatism (ORA) was 0.81 ± 0.32 D (range: 0.08–1.66 D). Six months postoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.04 ± 0.42 D, and the mean cylinder was − 0.27 ± 0.24 D. The mean efficacy and safety indices were 1.10 and 1.15, respectively. The uncorrected distance visual acuity in 92% of the eyes was the same or better than the corrected distance visual acuity. The angle of error was ±5° in 61% of eyes and ± 15° in 84% of eyes. Residual astigmatism was ≤0.5 D in 91% of eyes. Optical quality and photopic contrast sensitivity did not change significantly (p > 0.05), and the scotopic contrast sensitivity decreased at 3, 6, and 12 cpd (p < 0.05). The vertical coma and horizontal coma of the anterior corneal surface significantly decreased postoperatively but increased during follow-up.

Conclusions
The MCA demonstrated safety, efficacy, accuracy, predictability, and stability and can be used as a complementary and feasible method for T-CAT.
Average absorbed breast dose (2ABD): an easy radiation dose index for digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Traino Antonio C. , Barca Patrizio , Lamastra Rocco , Tucciariello Raffaele M. , Sottocornola Chiara , Marini Carolina , Aringhieri Giacomo , Caramella Davide , Fantacci Maria E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To propose a practical and simple method to individually evaluate the average absorbed dose for digital breast tomosynthesis.

Methods
The method is based on the estimate of incident air kerma (ka,i) on the breast surface. An analytical model was developed to calculate the ka,i from the tube voltage, tube load, breast thickness, x-ray tube yield, and anode-filter combination. A homogeneous phantom was employed to simulate the breast in experimental measurements and to assess the dose-depth relationship. The ka,i values were employed to calculate the “average absorbed breast dose” (2ABD) index. Four mammographic units were used to develop and test our method under many conditions close to clinical settings. The average glandular dose (AGD) calculated following the method described by Dance et al., and the 2ABD computed through our method (i.e., from the exposure parameters) were compared in a number of conditions.

Results
A good agreement was obtained between the ka,i computed through our model and that measured under different clinical conditions: discrepancies < 6% were found in all conditions. 2ABD matches with a good accuracy the AGD for a 100% glandular-breast: the minimum, maximum, and mean differences were < 0.1%, 7%, and 2.4%, respectively; the discrepancies increase with decreasing breast glandularity.

Conclusions
The proposed model, based on only few exposure parameters, represents a simple way to individually calculate an index, 2ABD, which can be interpreted as the average absorbed dose in a homogeneous phantom, approximating a 100% glandular breast. The method could be easily implemented in any mammographic device performing DBT.
High-resolution CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia in confirmed cases
Authors: Omar Suzan , Motawea Abdelghany Mohammed , Yasin Rabab 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It was highly contagious spreading all over the world, with a rapid increase in the number of deaths. COVID-19 is characterized by fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea with variable chest imaging features which have been detected.
In our study, we shared our experience of CT findings in proven cases of COVID-19 to recognize the different CT patterns to help in proper and accurate diagnosis.

Results
The most common CT features detected in COVID-19 cases were ground glass patches (93.3%) followed by subpleural linear abnormality (53.3%), air bronchogram (23.3%), and consolidation patches (23.3%), as well as bronchial wall thickening (16.7%), crazy paving pattern (13.3%), and discrete nodules surrounded by ground glass appearance (10%). Only one case had pleural effusion (3.3%). No cavitary lesions or specific lymph nodes were detected in any of the examined patients. The lung lesions showed typical diffuse, basal, and subpleural involvement with less affection of the upper lobes.

Conclusion
CT imaging findings of COVID-19 can help in early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 and proper assessment of the severity of the disease.
CT chest of COVID-19 patients: what should a radiologist know?
Authors: Ali Tamer F. , Tawab Mohamed A. , ElHariri Mona A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of current work is to review the CT findings of COVID-19 in a pictorial study to help the radiologists to be familiar to imaging findings of COVID-19.

Main body
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic highly infectious disease which is first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and then had its outbreak leads to a global public health emergency. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of viral nucleic acid is considered as the reference standard for COVID-19 diagnosis; however, recent studies showed the importance of CT chest in the diagnosis of COVID-19 with high sensitivity.
The CT hallmarks of COVID-19 were bilateral peripheral ground-glass opacities, consolidation with the advance of the disease more consolidation is there with linear opacities and crazy-paving pattern as well as halo and reverse halo sign.

Conclusion
Early identification of COVID-19 cases is vital. The radiologist should be familiar with the possible findings. Further future studies with pathological correlation will help for more understanding of the imaging findings and its value in assessing of prognosis.
Experimental tests and numerical simulations of circular reinforced concrete piers under ship impact
Authors: Chen Zhiyue , Fang Hai , Zhu Lu , Mao Yifeng , Liu Weiqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA growing number of bridge structures spanning over waterways are most susceptible to ship-pier collisions that may result in serious consequences such as ship sinking, failure and collapse of the bridge, even personal casualty, etc. To quantify the impact force and load, ship-pier impact tests and reliable numerical predictions should be carried out. This paper shows experimental tests and numerical simulation results of ship impact on bridge piers. To assess the performance of circular reinforced concrete piers against ship collisions and guide the design of bridge piers against impact, reduced-scale circular reinforced concrete (RC) piers were built and tested, and finite element (FE) simulations based on edge pier of junction pier of Wu-Song River Bridge were also conducted. To evaluate the reasonability of the damage process and failure mode of the pier due to ship impact more accurately, the bridge piers are modeled with nonlinear materials to simulate the bridge pier characteristics instead of rigid and elastic materials. Based on numerical results, the design impact loads prescribed by code current specifications such as Eurocode and AASHTO Bridge Design Specifications were evaluated and compared. To predict impact force, the fiber section model was employed to attain ultimate bearing capacity of the pier.
Performance of suspension bridge hangers exposed to hazardous material fires considering wind effects
Authors: Zou Qiling , Pool Kavi , Chen Suren 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraffic accidents involving vehicles transporting hazardous materials (HazMat) can cause serious fire hazards, threatening the safety of bridge infrastructure as well as nearby traffic. For critical bridges such as long-span cable-stayed and suspension bridges, fire hazards can not only cause severe structural damage, but also serious traffic disruption, congestion, and accidents. Unlike short-span bridges, long-span cable-supported bridges often experience considerable wind effects at the height of the bridge deck which can significantly influence fire hazards. As the critical components of cable-supported bridges, the failure of cables or hangers due to fire may trigger progressive failure of the bridge structure. Existing studies on fire simulation of long-span bridges, however, are very limited. Typical fire hazard scenarios from vehicles transporting hazardous material (HazMat) are simulated with fire dynamics simulation (FDS) software on a suspension bridge with a focus on the threats to hangers. To more realistically consider the potential fire hazards to bridge hangers of long-span bridges, appropriate fuel size, transverse offset distance, and wind effects are considered. The study of a baseline scenario is carried out first and followed by parametric studies to investigate the effects of wind speeds, longitudinal offsets, hazardous material types and spill sizes on the fire simulation results.
Neuromuscular disease modeling on a chip
Authors: Santoso Jeffrey W. , McCain Megan L. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Organs-on-chips are broadly defined as microfabricated surfaces or devices designed to engineer cells into microscale tissues with native-like features and then extract physiologically relevant readouts at scale. Because they are generally compatible with patient-derived cells, these technologies can address many of the human relevance limitations of animal models. As a result, organs-on-chips have emerged as a promising new paradigm for patient-specific disease modeling and drug development. Because neuromuscular diseases span a broad range of rare conditions with diverse etiology and complex pathophysiology, they have been especially challenging to model in animals and thus are well suited for organ-on-chip approaches. In this Review, we first briefly summarize the challenges in neuromuscular disease modeling with animal models. Next, we describe a variety of existing organ-on-chip approaches for neuromuscular tissues, including a survey of cell sources for both muscle and nerve, and two- and three-dimensional neuromuscular tissue-engineering techniques. Although researchers have made tremendous advances in modeling neuromuscular diseases on a chip, the remaining challenges in cell sourcing, cell maturity, tissue assembly and readout capabilities limit their integration into the drug development pipeline today. However, as the field advances, models of healthy and diseased neuromuscular tissues on a chip, coupled with animal models, have vast potential as complementary tools for modeling multiple aspects of neuromuscular diseases and identifying new therapeutic strategies.
A Theoretical Study on a Novel Cartesian Product Operator Formalism Applicable to Strongly-Coupled Two-Spin 1/2 Systems in Solution-State and Solid-State MAS NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Nakai Toshihito 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In solution-state and solid-state MAS (Magic Angle Spinning) NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy, a comprehensive product operator formalism applicable to general two-spin 1/2 systems, including strongly-coupled systems, is proposed. The formalism employs standard product operators, based on the orthogonal coordinate system, easily evaluating the effects of RF (Radio Frequency) pulse sequences. Solid-state anisotropic interactions modulated by MAS are treated in the perturbation theory, yielding striking solid-state effects, whereas the absence of those interactions leads to solution-state cases with strong couplings. Solid-state MAS INADEQUATE spectra are found to give rise to auto-correlation signals even for the spin pairs possessing an identical isotropic chemical shift.
Sports Medicine Fellowship Training Improves Sport-related Concussion Evaluation
Authors: Northam Weston T. , Cools Michael J. , Chandran Avinash , Alexander Andrew , Mihalik Jason P. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Carneiro Kevin A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvaluating acute sport-related concussion (SRC) differs among providers, who apply international consensus and national guidelines variably. Retrospective medical record review was completed for 889 outpatients aged 7 to 18 years, diagnosed with SRC from 2014 to 2017. Associations between board-certified sports medicine fellowship (SMF) training status and assessment of concussion-specific history and physical examination items were tested using nonparametric χ2tests. Differential odds (by fellowship training status) of using history and physical examination items were assessed using multivariable logistic regression modeling. Each SRC history and physical examination items were assessed in higher proportions by SMFs, as compared with non-SMFs, statistically significant for all tested items with the exception of headache history. SMFs demonstrated higher odds of detailed neurologic examinations and clinical cognitive testing compared with non-SMFs, after adjusting for patient and physician characteristics. Physicians caring for concussed patients should seek continuing education opportunities aligning them with training provided to sports medicine fellows.
Nutritional Ketosis with Ketogenic Diets or Exogenous Ketones: Features, Convergence, and Divergence
Authors: Poff Angela M. , Koutnik Andrew P. , Egan Brendan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Athletes, clinicians, and practitioners are increasingly interested in the proposed performance and therapeutic benefits of nutritional ketosis (NK). NK is best operationally defined as a nutritionally induced metabolic state resulting in blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations of ≥0.5 mM. Most tissues readily metabolize ketone bodies (KBs), and KBs in turn regulate metabolism and signaling in both a systemic and tissue-specific manner. During fasting, starvation, or ketogenic diets, endogenous synthesis of KBs is amplified resulting in a state of NK. Orally administered exogenous ketone supplements rapidly elevate circulating KBs and produce a similar, but far from identical, metabolic state. NK results in a number of convergent features regardless of endogenous or exogenous induction; however, important differences also are observed. The implications of NK across health, disease, and performance is rapidly becoming more evident, thus acknowledging the convergent and divergent features of NK is critical for fully understanding the potential utility of this metabolic state.
Venezuelan migrant population in Colombia: health indicators in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Bonilla-Tinoco Laura Juliana , Aguirre-Lemus Melissa , Fernández-Niño Julián Alfredo 
Published: July 2020

Background:The number of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia has dramatically increased over the past years, which poses great challenges to the Colombian health system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare some health indicators related to the Sustainable Development Goals between the Venezuelan migrant population and the Colombian population.Methods:A longitudinal, descriptive analysis of the maternal mortality ratio; the neonatal, infant and under-five mortality; the proportionate mortality due to undernourishment; and the rates of alleged sexual felony, intimate partner violence and domestic violence in the Venezuelan migrant population in Colombia and in the Colombian population in the 2015-2019 period was conducted. Maternal and child health and undernourishment indicators were estimated for the 2015-18 period, while the gender-based violence indicators were obtained only for 2018-19, since those were the years with information available for each of these indicators. Data was extracted from official sources, such as the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) and Migración Colombia. The categorical and numerical variables were described through percentages and rates, respectively.Results:Venezuelan migrants in Colombia had higher rates of maternal, neonatal, infant and under-five mortality, as well as proportionate mortality due to undernourishment, than the Colombian population throughout the study years, although the difference between them decreased at the end of the period. As for the gender-based violence indicators, the Colombian population showed higher rates than the Venezuelan migrants, and both Colombian and Venezuelan female victims showed higher rates in these violence indicators than their male counterparts of the same nationality.Conclusions:Some apparent inequalities still persist despite the efforts of the Colombian government to attend to the health needs of the Venezuelan migrant population. Colombia must keep and strengthen migratory inclusion in its public policies to impact on migrants’ health.