bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender-Age Distribution of Patients with COVID-19 at Different Stages of Epidemic in Moscow
Authors: Akimkin V. G. , Kuzin S. N. , Semenenko T. A. , Ploskireva A. A. , Dubodelov D. V. , Tivanova E. V. , Pshenichnaya N. Yu. , Kalenskaya A. V. , Yatsyshina S. B. , Shipulina O. Yu. , Rodionova E. N. , Petrova N. S. , Solov’eva I. V. , Kvasova O. A. , Vershinina M. A. , Mamoshina M. V. , Klushkina V. V. , Churilova N. S. , Panasyuk Ya. V. , Vlasenko N. V. , Ostroushko A. A. , Balmasov E. S. , Mosunov A. V. 
Published: October 2020

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic around the world and in Russia remains a major event of 2020. All over the world, research is being conducted to comprehensively study the patterns and manifestations of the epidemic process. The main quantitative characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics among the population, based on the data of official monitoring over the current situation, play an important role in the development of the epidemiological surveillance system.The aim of this studyis to explore the peculiarities of age-gender distribution of COVID-19 patients in Moscow.Material and methods. The data related to the epidemiological characteristics of age-gender structure of COVID-19 patients in Moscow between March 19, 2020 and April 15, 2020, at different stages of the epidemic were retrospectively analyzed.Results and discussion.The mean age of COVID-19 patients in Moscow was 46,41±20,58 years. The gender ratio (male/female) among the patients was 52.7/47.3 %, wherein the indicators varied depending upon the age. Male/female ratio in the age group “under 39” stood at 53.7/46.3 %, and “over 40 years of age” – at 39.3/60.7 %. The predominant age range among male cases was 19 to 39 years old – 35.4 %, while among female patients – 40–59 years (36.5 %). The age distribution of patients in Moscow is indicative of the fact that COVID-19 is a disease that primarily affects older age groups. The age structure of all COVID-19 cases during the observation period is characterized by predominance of adult patients over 19 years of age – 92,7 % (92,6–92,8 %), the share of patients aged 40–59 years is 35,7% (35,5–35,9 %). The differences in the age distribution in males and females are as follows: in the male cohort, the age groups 19–39 years old and 40–59 years old prevail – 35.4 % (35.1–35.7 %) and 34.9 % (34.6–35.2 %), respectively. The age group 40–59 years old – 36.5 % (36.3–36.8%) dominates in the female cohort.
Epidemic Potential of COVID-19 in Omsk Region during Anti-Epidemic Measures
Authors: Blokh A. I. , Pen’evskaya N. A. , Rudakov N. V. , Lazarev I. I. , Mikhailova O. A. , Fedorov A. S. , Pnevsky Y. A. 
Published: October 2020

Aim. To study the spread of COVID-19 among the population of the Omsk Region during 24 weeks of the epidemic on the background of anti-epidemic measures.Materials and methods. A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out based on publically available data и data from the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Omsk Region on the official registration and epidemiological investigation of detected COVID-19 cases in the Omsk Region for the period from March 27 to September 10, 2020. To assess the potential of COVID-19 to spread, the following indicators were calculated: exponential growth rate (r), basic reproduction number (R0), effective reproduction number (Rt), expected natural epidemic size and herd immunity threshold. Data processing was performed using MS Excel 2010. The cartogram was built using the QGIS 3.12-Bukuresti application in the EPSG: 3576 coordinate system.Results and discussion. For the period from March 27 to September 10, 2020, a total of 9779 cases of COVID-19 were registered in the Omsk Region, the cumulative incidence was 507,6 per 100000 (95 % CI 497,5÷517,6), the case-fatality rate for completed cases was 2.9 %, for identified cases – 2.4 %. The most active spread of COVID-19 was noted in Omsk and 4 out of 32 districts of the region (Moskalensky, Azov German National, Mariyanovsky, Novovarshavsky). During the ongoing anti-epidemic measures, the exponential growth rate of the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases was 4.5 % per day, R0 – 1.4–1.5, Rt – 1.10, herd immunity threshold – 28.6 %. The expected size of the epidemic in case of sustained anti-epidemic measures can reach 58.0 % of the recovered population. A decrease in the number of detected virus carriers, incomplete detection of COVID-19 among patients with community-acquired pneumonia introduced additional risks for the latent spread of infection and complications of the epidemic situation. Maintaining restrictive measures and increasing the proportion of the immune population (over 28.6 %) may significantly reduce the risks of increasing the spread of COVID-19 in the Omsk Region.
Genomic Diversity Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and Epidemiological Features of Adaptation of COVID-19 Agent to Human Population (Communication 1)
Authors: Krasnov Ya. M. , Popova A. Yu. , Safronov V. A. , Fedorov A. V. , Badanin D. V. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Kutyrev V. V. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: to study the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the process of adapting to human organism duringthe current pandemic.Materials and methods. Database (GISAID) on nucleotide sequences of SARS-CoV-2 virus genome, obtained from clinical samples during the period of late December, 2019–July, 2020. Phylogenetic tree diagram construction was carried out applying BioNumerics v.7.6 software using Maximum parsimony algorithm.Results and discussion.The most substantial change in the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 virus are associated one-time mutations in ORF1b (P314L) and S (D614G) genes, as a result of which the overwhelming majority of identified isolates of this virus have the stated pair of substitutions to date. Many researches link the substitution in S (D614G) gene to the decreased pathogenicity in the strains that contain it, which may be also explained by enhanced methodology of patient treatment in the course of pandemic. The effect of the mutation in ORF1b (P314L) gene has not yet been investigated. P314L and D614G mutations are closely related and only their combined presence in the genome favored the dissemination of the genovariants of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Analysis of congregated epidemiological data testifies to the fact that the spread of new genovariants may be associated with biological properties facilitating human-to-human transmission. Thereat, associated decrease in lethality may reflect not only advancements in methods of treatment, but possible attenuation of virulent properties. Thus, observed growth in dissemination potential against the background of decrease in virulence is, probably, one of the forms of adaptation of new coronavirus to human population and, apparently, will remain in the future as the integration of SARS-CoV-2 virus into the structure of seasonal ARVI agents.
Pheno- and Genotypical Features of Non-Toxigenic Strains of Cholera Vibrios of Different Origins, Isolated in the Territory of Russia
Authors: Levchenkо D. A. , Kruglikov V. D. , Gaevskaya N. E. , Vodop’yanov A. S. , Nepomnyashchaya N. V. 
Published: October 2020

Aim. Analysis of the phenotypic characteristics and identification of peculiarities of the genotypic organization in non-toxigenic strains of cholera vibrios having different origin, isolated in Russia. Materials and methods. A sample of 548 non-toxigenic strains obtained using the author’s updated GIS “Cholera 1989–2014” was used. PCR genotyping was carried out in accordance with the patented “Method for the identification of non-toxigenic strains of cholera vibrio O1 serogroup using PCR to isolate genetic determinants.” Cluster analysis was performed applying the UPGMA method. The dendrogram was constructed using MEGA 5 software package.Results and discussion. Representative cultural-morphological, serological and biochemical properties of V. cholerae strains have been specified. The variability of the studied strains on the basis of phagolizability has been revealed. Unique phage-types not previously encountered in Russia have been identified. The population of non-toxigenic strains of cholera vibrio O139 serogroup is genetically homogeneous in contrast to V. cholerae O1 El Tor isolates and has identical PCR genotypes. The universality of the PCR genotyping by 14 target genes has been shown to differentiate the studied strains of V. cholerae O1 and O139, as well as to identify disparities among O139 strains isolated in different geographical regions of the country.
Primary HCV Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients with Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection
Authors: Ostankova Yu. V. , Valutite D. E. , Zueva E. B. , Serikova E. N. , Shchemelev A. N. , Boumbaly S. , Balde T. A.L. , Semenov A. V. 
Published: October 2020

Objective of our work was to assess prevalence of the primary HCV drug resistance mutations in the NS5b gene in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection.Materials and methods. The study material was 196 blood plasma samples from patients living in the North-Western Federal District with newly diagnosed HIV. Samples were examined for the anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA presence. If HCV RNA was detected, amplification was performed using three primers pairs that co-flanked the NS5b gene. After sequencing the indicated gene nucleotide sequence, the virus subtype was determined and drug resistance mutations were detected.Results and discussion. Antibodies to HCV were detected in 18.87 % of HIV-infected individuals. HCV RNA was detected in 18.36 % of the patients, including 89.18 % anti-HCV-positive and 1.88 % anti-HCV-negative. It was shown that co-infection is more common in men (77.8 %) compared to women (22.2 %) – χ2 = 3.996 at p = 0.0456, df = 2. The difference in the HIV viral load between the groups with HIV monoinfection and with HIV + HCV coinfection was demonstrated (χ2 = 6.284 at p = 0.0432, df = 2). A significant difference between the groups by the CD4 + lyphocytes number was shown. In the phylogenetic analysis, the HCV subtypes are distributed as follows: HCV 1b – 47.2 %, HCV 3a – 30.6 %, HCV 1a – 13.9 %, HCV 2a – 5.5 % and only one sample was defined as HCV 2k – 2.8 %, respectively. Nine samples (25 %) presented NS5b mutations in the positions related to the development of drug resistance of HCV, including two samples among HCV genotypes 1a and 3a (i.e., 5.6 % of the total HIV + HCV group), as well as five samples among HCV 1b (13.9 % of the total group). Mutations among HCV 1a were C316Y and N444D substitutions. Among HCV 1b, C316N, C451S, S556N/G substitutions were identified. Among patients with HCV 3a, 2 samples (5.6 %) with a D310N mutation associated with an unfavorable disease prognosis were found. The introduction of direct sequencing of HCV nucleotide sequences into the routine laboratory diagnostics will allow us to estimate the primary drug resistance mutations prevalence in risk groups to predict the HCV life-threatening complications development – fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as the outcome of antiviral therapy prognosis. The data obtained can be rationally used to assess the dynamics of the HCV primary pharmacoresistance prevalence among HIV-infected individuals.
Distal Tibial Guided Growth for Anterolateral Bowing of the Tibia: Fracture May Be Prevented
Authors: Laine Jennifer C. , Novotny Susan A. , Weber Elizabeth W. , Georgiadis Andrew G. , Dahl Mark T. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia is a rare and challenging pediatric condition. The pre-fracture state, called congenital tibial dysplasia or anterolateral bowing of the tibia, presents a high fracture risk due to underlying bowing and dysplasia. After fracture, there is a substantial risk of nonunion. Any union achieved may be complicated by refracture, deformity, leg-length discrepancy, stiffness, pain, and dysfunction. We present the results of using distal tibial growth modulation to improve tibial alignment and to decrease fracture risk in this condition. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolated distal tibial growth modulation as the primary surgical treatment for this condition.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study of 10 patients with congenital tibial dysplasia who presented prior to pseudarthrosis and underwent distal tibial growth modulation as a primary treatment. The medical records and radiographs were reviewed for age at the times of diagnosis and treatment, fracture, secondary procedures, complications, residual deformity, cystic changes, and leg-length discrepancy.

Results:
Ten patients had a mean follow-up (and standard deviation) of 5.1 ± 1.9 years. No patient sustained a tibial fracture, and no patient developed a tibial pseudarthrosis after guided growth was initiated. The mean age at the initiation of growth modulation was 2.6 ± 1.3 years. Six patients required a plate exchange. The mean residual tibial diaphyseal angular deformity at the most recent follow-up was 4.3° ± 3.2° of varus and 8.4° ± 5.8° in the sagittal plane. Only 1 patient had a clinically important leg-length discrepancy, with the affected leg being longer.

Conclusions:
In this series of 10 patients with congenital tibial dysplasia, distal tibial growth modulation delayed or possibly prevented fracture, decreased tibial malalignment, improved radiographic appearance of bone quality, and preserved leg length. No patient developed tibial fracture or pseudarthrosis after the initiation of guided growth treatment. Although early results are promising, follow-up to maturity is required to define the exact role of this simple outpatient procedure in congenital tibial dysplasia.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Architecture of a river-dominated, wave- and tide-influenced, pre-vegetation braid delta: Cambrian middle member of the Wood Canyon Formation, southern Marble Mountains, California, U.S.A.
Authors: Muhlbauer Jason G. , Fedo Christopher M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAcross the Mojave Desert of southeastern California, outcrops of the Cambrian middle member of the Wood Canyon Formation preserve the deposits of pre-vegetation braided-fluvial and braid-delta environments. One 78-meter-thick section in the southern Marble Mountains, documented here through detailed stratigraphic logging, facies analysis, architectural panels based on “Structure-from-Motion” models, and a suite of paleocurrent and accretion-surface measurements, provides insight into the development of a river-dominated, wave- and tide-influenced braid delta at the distal end of a continent-scale braidplain. In contrast to other pre-Devonian braid-delta strata, in which mudrock is largely absent, the greater part of the middle member system contains over 5% mudstone. Four facies associations, FA4–7, constitute the middle member section and represent (in order of stratigraphic height) a braidplain-to-delta transition (FA4), proximal braid delta (FA5), distal braid delta (FA6), and upper braid-delta front (FA7). The 20 meters of braidplain-to-delta transition strata are largely similar to those of fluvial middle member sections, containing approximately 2% mudstone, unimodal north-northwest paleoflow, and vertical, downstream, and downstream-lateral accretion elements representing compound barforms and channel fills. Above, each braid-delta facies association (FA5–7) preserves high-sinuosity paleocurrent indicators, 6–12% mudstone, and symmetrical, wave-formed sand waves. Decimeter-thick fluid-mud deposits found chiefly in FA6 and less commonly in FA7 indicate the presence of a turbidity-maximum zone that records brackish-water conditions in the distal braid delta. Trace fossils concentrated in FA7 suggest that metazoans were confined to the upper braid-delta front and could not tolerate the variable salinity of the braid delta. Increased marine influence with stratigraphic height requires gradual transgression during deposition of the middle member of the Wood Canyon Formation, possibly as part of a lowstand systems tract.
Effectiveness of HPV vaccination against the development of high grade cervical lesions in young Japanese women
Authors: Shiko Yuki , Konno Ryo , Konishi Hiroshi , Sauvaget Catherine , Ohashi Yasuo , Kakizoe Tadao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Although more than 10 years have passed since HPV vaccination was implemented first, as an interim programme (Emergent vaccine promotion programme) in November 2010, followed by incorporating into the National Immunization Programme in April, 2013 and suspended in June 2013, limited studies have investigated the HPV vaccine effectiveness against high-grade cervical lesions in Japan.Methods: We collected the matched data of the results of cervical biopsy and history of vaccination from the Japan Cancer Society database. The subjects were women aged 20 to 29 years screened for cervical cancer between April, 2015 and March, 2017, and with information on HPV vaccination status. We estimated the relative risk of developing high-grade cervical lesions in vaccinated subjects using Poisson regression as compared to unvaccinated subjects.Results: Among the 34,281 women screened, 3,770 (11.0%) were vaccinated. The prevalence of CIN2+ was significant lower in the vaccinated women as compared to the unvaccinated women (Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) =76%; RR=0.24, 95% CI:0.10-0.60). High VE against CIN3+ was also observed (91%; RR=0.09, 95% CI:0.00-0.42).Conclusion: Women aged 20–29 years who received at least one dose of HPV vaccine had a significantly lower risk of high-grade cervical lesions than those not vaccinated. In Japan, HPV vaccination should be resumed in order to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.
Geospatial and Explanatory Models for Heart Failure Admissions, 2016 through 2018
Authors: Kruse Clemens Scott , Beauvais Bradley M. , Brooks Matthew S. , Mileski Michael , Fulton Lawrence 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. About 5.7 million individuals in the United States have heart failure, and the disease was estimated to cost about $42.9 billion in 2020. This research provides geographical incidence models of this disease in the U.S. and explanatory models to account for hospitals’ number of heart failure DRGs using technical, workload, financial, geographical, and time-related variables. The research also provides updated financial and demand estimates based on inflationary pressures and disease rate increases. Understanding patterns is important to both policymakers and health administrators for cost control and planning. Methods. The number of diagnoses is forecast using regression (constrained and unconstrained) and ensemble (random forests, extra trees regressor, gradient boosting, and bagging) techniques at the hospital unit of analysis. Descriptive maps of heart failure diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) depict areas of high incidence. State and county level spatial and non-spatial regression models of heart failure admission rates are performed. Expenditure forecasts were calculated for 2016 through 2018. Results: The incidence of heart failure has increased over time with highest intensities in the East and center of the country; however, several Northern states (e.g., Minnesota) have seen large increases since 2016. The best predictive model for forecasting the number of diagnoses at the hospital unit of analysis was an extremely randomized tree ensemble (predictive R2 = 0.86 applied to a 20% unobserved test set.) The important variables in this model included workload metrics and hospital type. State level spatial lag models using 1st order Queen’s criteria were best at estimating heart failure admission rates (R2 =.816). At the county level, OLS was preferred over any GIS model based on a statistically insignificant Moran’s I and resultant R2; however, none of the traditional models performed well (R2=.169 for the OLS). Gradient boosted tree models were able to predict 36% of the total Sum of Squares; however, and the most important factors were facility workload, mean cash-on-hand of the hospitals in the county, and mean equity of those hospitals.. Online interactive maps at the state and county levels are provided. Conclusions. Heart failure and associated expenditures are increasing. Overall, the total cost of the three DRGs in the study has increased approximately $61 billion from 2016 through 2018 (average of two estimates). The increase in the more expensive DRG (DRG 291) has outpaced others with an associated increase of $92 billion in expenditures. With the increase in demand (linked to obesity and other factors) as well as the relatively steady-state supply of cardiologists over time, the costs are likely to balloon over the next decade. Models like the ones presented here that reliably forecast demand are needed to inform healthcare leaders.
Direct conversion of human endothelial cells to hepatic progenitor cells
Authors: Inada Hiroki , Udono Miyako , Suzuki Atsushi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This protocol describes direct lineage reprogramming of human endothelial cells isolated from the umbilical vein and peripheral blood into hepatic progenitor cells. These induced human hepatic progenitor cells (hiHepPCs) proliferate in long-term culture and give rise to hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. To induce hiHepPCs from endothelial cells, we first established an efficient culture condition, enabling hiHepPC generation and propagation in a monolayer culture. Then, we confirmed the ability of the hiHepPCs to differentiate into mature hepatocytes by formation of cell aggregates in each well of ultra-low attachment 96-well plates. Furthermore, upon culturing in Matrigel, the hiHepPCs differentiated into cholangiocytes and formed cystic epithelial spheroids, similar to human liver-derived cholangiocytes. Direct induction of the expandable and bipotential human hepatic progenitor cells provides a possibility for generating cells such as hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, which will be useful for developing therapeutic strategies for human liver diseases.
CypB promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jing , Zuo Ying , Qu Gui-Mei , Song Xiao , Liu Zhong-Hui , Zhang Ting-Guo , Zheng Zhu-Hua , Wang Hong-Kun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The molecular pathogenesis of endometrial cancer is not completely understood. CypB upregulated in many cancers, however, its role in endometrial carcinoma has not been studied. Here, we determine the effect of CypB on the growth of endometrial cancer. METHODS: In this study, we examined the expression of CypB in endometrial cancer tissues using immunohistochemistry. CypB silenced in HEC-1-B cell line by shRNA. CCK-8, colony formation assays, wound healing assays, and transwell analysis were performed to assess its effect on tumor cell proliferation and metastasis . Furthermore, microarray analysis was carried out to compare the global mRNA expression profile between the HEC-1-B and CypB-silenced HEC-1-B cells. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to determine the potential function of differentially expressed genes related to CypB. RESULTS: We found that CypB was upregulated in endometrial cancer, inhibit CypB expression could significantly suppress cell proliferation, metastasis, and migration. We identified 1536 differentially expressed genes related to CypB (onefold change, p< 0.05), among which 652 genes were upregulated and 884 genes were downregulated. The genes with significant difference in top were mainly enriched in the cell cycle, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, adherens junctions, and metabolism pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that CypB may serve as a novel regulator of endometrial cell proliferation and metastasis, thus representing a novel target for gene-targeted endometrial therapy.Trial registration: YLYLLS [2018] 008. Registered 27 November 2017