bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling on naturalization of inflow and outflow nutrients sources of Blue Nile River at the Lake Tana in Basaltic Plateau of Ethiopia
Authors: Asitatikie Asimamaw Nigusie , Nigussie Endalkachew Diress 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLake Tana is the largest natural reservoir in Ethiopia and the head water of Abbay basin. However, after building of an irrigation weir and further lying Tunnel to Tana Belles, Lake Tana maximum amplitude of water level canges from 2.18 to 3.56 m that differ substantially in 1.38 m from amplitude of natural water level fluctuation. Understanding the natural characteristics of the Lake is important to know its water balance and for sustainable development. But it is difficult to study the natural characteristics of the Lake and its water balance using the regulated water level and outflow data sets. Thus it is evident that the regulated water level and outflow data sets have to be first naturalized before they are used for any analysis and modeling. Lake level and outflow data that have been collected since 1976 were considered to assess the regulation effect and then for naturalization. Inflows to the Lake from the main tributaries have also been collected to find if there are any correlations with either the Lake Level and/or the outflow. Regression analyses were used to develop the naturalization models. The regression analyses of flows from Gilgel Abay and Gummar with Lake Level shows that there is a very good correlation between them in different seasons. Besides, same has also been observed between Lake Level and out flow. These relationships can be used to naturalize the regulated outflow and water level.
Influence of growth kinetics on graphene domains shape under atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Fabiane Mopeli Samuel , Madito Moshawe Jack , Manyala Ncholu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, the role of gas kinetics in the growth of lobed graphene domains by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) is elucidated by sandwiching Cu foil between Si/SiO2 wafers. Two different growths were carried out: (1) A Cu foil was placed at the center of a quartz tube in AP-CVD for graphene growth and (2) another Cu foil was sandwiched between Si/SiO2 wafers to alter the nucleation growth kinetics of graphene domains to mimic those in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LP-CVD). From the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the graphene domains of the sandwiched Cu foil displayed mostly four-lobed, parallel-sided domains which are usually obtained under LP-CVD as compared to Cu foil without sandwiching which showed typical hexagonal graphene domains of AP-CVD. The Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the domains are single-layer graphene. An electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) showed that the Cu foil is predominantly (001). The results of this study agree with the theoretical predictions of growth kinetics in graphene synthesis by CVD and showed that it is possible to obtain single-layer graphene domains which are usually obtained under LP-CVD by restricting the gas flux through the boundary layer.

Graphic abstract
Trustworthy COVID-19 Mapping: Geo-spatial Data Literacy Aspects of Choropleth Maps
Authors: Juergens Carsten 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic is a global phenomenon, many scientists and research organizations create thematic maps to visualize and understand the spatial spread of the disease and to inform mankind. Nowadays, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and web mapping technologies enable people to create digital maps on demand. This fosters the permanent update of COVID-19 map products, even by non-cartographers, and their publication in news, media and scientific publications. With the ease and speed of map-making, many map creators seem to forget about the fundamental principles of good and easy-to-read thematic choropleth maps, which requires geo-spatial data literacy. Geo-spatial data literacy is an important skill, to be able to judge the reliability of spatial data, and to create ingenuous thematic maps. This contribution intends to make people of disciplines other than those that are map-related aware of the power of thematic maps and how one can create trustworthy thematic maps instead of misleading thematic maps which could, in a worst case, lead to misinterpretation.
Gain Selection for Attitude Stabilization of Earth-Pointing Spacecraft Using Magnetorquers
Authors: Celani Fabio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper considers a feedback control law that achieves attitude stabilization for Earth-pointing spacecraft using only magnetorquers as torque actuators. The control law is proportional derivative (PD)-like with matrix gains, and it guarantees asymptotic stability. The PD matrix gains are determined through the numerical solution of a periodic linear quadric regulator problem. A case study shows the effectiveness of the considered control law, and specifically of the gain selection method, in a simplified simulation scenario.
Estimation of aerodynamic parameters near stall using maximum likelihood and extreme learning machine-based methods
Authors: Verma H.O. , Peyada N.K. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe stability and control derivatives are essential parameters in the flight operation of aircraft, and their determination is a routine task using classical parameter estimation methods based on maximum likelihood and least-squares principles. At high angle-of-attack, the unsteady aerodynamics may pose difficulty in aerodynamic structure determination, hence data-driven methods based on artificial neural networks could be an alternative choice for building models to characterise the behaviour of the system based on the measured motion and control variables. This research paper investigates the feasibility of using a recurrent neural model based on an extreme learning machine network in the modelling of the aircraft dynamics in a restricted sense for identification of the aerodynamic parameters. The recurrent extreme learning machine network is combined with the Gauss–Newton method to optimise the unknowns of the postulated aerodynamic model. The efficacy of the proposed estimation algorithm is studied using real flight data from a quasi-steady stall manoeuvre. Furthermore, the estimates are validated against the parameters estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The standard deviations of the estimates demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the quantities regenerated using the estimates present good agreement with their corresponding measured values, confirming that a qualitative estimation can be obtained using the proposed estimation algorithm.
The Monetary Gold Principle: Back to Basics
Authors: Mollengarden Zachary , Zamir Noam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn The Case of the Monetary Gold Removed from Rome in 1943, the International Court of Justice concluded that it cannot decide a dispute in which a third party's legal interests “would form the very subject-matter of the decision.” This Article argues that what has become known as the Monetary Gold principle conflicts with the Court's obligation to decide cases submitted by consenting parties and should be abandoned.
Adapting a Federal Disaster Medical Assistance Team to Operate During a Pandemic
Authors: Garrett Andrew L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfter Hurricane Laura struck the southeast coast of Louisiana in August 2020, the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), a component of the US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, deployed several 35-person disaster medical assistance teams in response to requests for medical support at 3 hospital locations that had been severely damaged in the storm. This was the first natural disaster medical deployment for NDMS during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This article describes the modifications to the standard operating procedures that were made at 1 site to reduce the risk of infection to our patients and NDMS responders, including changes to the physical layout of the tenting, and alterations to the triage and treatment process.
Greater autism knowledge and contact with autistic people are independently associated with favourable attitudes towards autistic people
Authors: Shand Alanna J. , Close Scarlett A. D. , Shah Punit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding individual differences in attitudes to autism is crucial for improving attitudes and reducing stigma towards autistic people, yet there is limited and inconsistent research on this topic. This is compounded by a lack of appropriate measures and multivariate analyses. Addressing these issues, using up-to-date measures and multiple linear regression, we examined the relative contributions of participant age, sex, autism knowledge, level of contact with autistic people, and autistic traits to attitudes towards autistic people. We found that greater autism knowledge and higher levels of contact, but no other variables, were uniquely predictive of attitudes towards autistic people. We conclude that, in addition to public awareness campaigns to raise knowledge of autism, it may be important to increase contact between autistic and non-autistic people to improve public attitudes towards autistic people.
ERRATUM: CONTINUITY OF HILBERT–KUNZ MULTIPLICITY AND F-SIGNATURE
Authors: POLSTRA THOMAS , SMIRNOV ILYA 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnfortunately, there is a mistake in [PS, Lemma 3.10] which invalidates [PS, Theorem 3.12]. We show that the theorem still holds if the ring is assumed to be Gorenstein.
A 3000-year record of vegetation changes and fire at a high-elevation wetland on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Courtney Mustaphi Colin J. , Kinyanjui Rahab , Shoemaker Anna , Mumbi Cassian , Muiruri Veronica , Marchant Laura , Rucina Stephen M. , Marchant Rob 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKilimanjaro is experiencing the consequences of climate change and multiple land-use pressures. Few paleoenvironmental and archeological records exist to examine historical patterns of late Holocene ecosystem changes on Kilimanjaro. Here we present pollen, phytolith, and charcoal (>125 μm) data from a palustrine sediment core that provide a 3000-year radiocarbon-dated record collected from a wetland near the headwaters of the Maua watershed in the alpine and ericaceous vegetation zones. From 3000 to 800 cal yr BP, the pollen, phytolith, and charcoal records show subtle variability in ericaceous and montane forest assemblages with apparent multicentennial secular variability and a long-term pattern of increasing Poaceae and charcoal. From 800 to 600 cal yr BP, montane forest taxa varied rapidly, Cyperaceae abundances increased, and charcoal remained distinctly low. From 600 yr cal BP to the present, woody taxa decreased, and ericaceous taxa and Poaceae dominated, with a conspicuously increased charcoal influx. Uphill wetland ecosystems are crucial for ecological and socioeconomic resilience on and surrounding the mountain. The results were synthesized with the existing paleoenvironmental and archaeological data to explore the high spatiotemporal complexity of Kilimanjaro and to understand historical human-environment interactions. These paleoenvironmental records create a long-term context for current climate, biodiversity, and land-use changes on and around Kilimanjaro.
The comparison of standard and fully recursive multivariate models for genetic evaluation of growth traits in Markhoz goat: predictive ability of models and ranking of animals
Authors: Razmkabir Mohammad , Mokhtari Morteza , Mahmoudi Peyman , Rashidi Amir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractData of 2780 Markhoz kids originated from 1216 dams and 211 sires during 1993–2016 in Markhoz Goat Breeding Station, located in Sanandaj, Iran, were used. Traits investigated were body weights at birth, weaning, six-month age [six months weight (6MW)], nine-month age and yearling age [yearling weight (YW)]. Two considered multivariate models including standard multivariate model (SMM) and fully recursive multivariate model (FRM) were compared using deviance information criterion (DIC) and predictive ability measures including mean square of error (MSE) and Pearson's correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted values $(r(y,\hat{y}))$ of records. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between posterior means of direct genetic effects of the studied traits of kids under SMM and FRM were also calculated across all, 50, 10 and 1% top-ranked animals. In general, FRM performed better than SMM in terms of lower DIC and MSE and also higher $r\lpar y\comma \;\hat{y}\rpar$. For all traits, the lowest MSE and the highest $r\lpar y\comma \;\hat{y}\rpar$ were obtained under FRM. All structural coefficients estimated under FRM were statistically significant except for that of 6MW on YW. Comparisons of Spearman's rank correlations between posterior means of direct genetic effects of kids for growth traits under SMM and FRM revealed that taking the causal relationships among the studied growth traits of Markhoz goat into account may cause considerable re-ranking for the animals in terms of estimated breeding values, especially for the top-ranked animals. It may be concluded that FRM had more plausibility over SMM for genetic evaluation of the studied growth traits in Markhoz goat.
A new molecular nomenclature for Taenia hydatigena: mitochondrial DNA sequences reveal sufficient diversity suggesting the assignment of major haplotype divisions
Authors: Ohiolei John Asekhaen , Yan Hong-Bin , Li Li , Li Wen-Hui , Wu Yao-Dong , Alvi Mughees Aizaz , Zhang Nian-Zhang , Fu Bao-Quan , Wang Xue-Lin , Jia Wan-Zhong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCysticercosis caused by the metacestode larval stage of Taenia hydatigena formerly referred to as Cysticercus tenuicollis is a disease of veterinary importance that constitutes a significant threat to livestock production worldwide, especially in endemic regions due to condemnation of visceral organs and mortality rate of infected young animals. While the genetic diversity among parasites is found to be potentially useful in many areas of research including molecular diagnostics, epidemiology and control, that of T. hydatigena across the globe remains poorly understood. In this study, analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of adult worms and larval stages of T. hydatigena isolated from dogs, sheep and a wild boar in China showed that the population structure consists of two major haplogroups with very high nucleotide substitutions involving synonymous and non-synonymous changes. Compared with other cestodes such as Echinococcus spp., the genetic variation observed between the haplogroups is sufficient for the assignment of major haplotype or genotype division as both groups showed a total of 166 point-mutation differences between the 12 mitochondrial protein-coding gene sequences. Preliminary analysis of a nuclear protein-coding gene (pepck) did not reveal any peculiar changes between both groups which suggests that these variants may only differ in their mitochondrial makeup.
Disentangling the beta-diversity in anuran parasite communities
Authors: D'Bastiani Elvira , Campião Karla M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is great heterogeneity in parasite communities among hosts, understanding the nature and drivers of such variations is still a great scientific quest. Here, we analyse the variation in parasite communities by addressing the following questions: (i) What is the beta-diversity component (nestedness or turnover) that most contributes to beta diversity in parasite communities among anuran species? (ii) Does the beta diversity of parasite communities follow a non-random pattern? (iii) Is the dissimilarity in composition of parasite communities related to the phylogenetic or functional dissimilarity among hosts? We found that turnover in parasite assemblages was the main component of beta diversity, but the variation observed both in the total beta diversity and in its components did not differ from the respective null models. The dissimilarity among parasite communities was not related to the phylogenetic species variability or functional dissimilarity among anuran species for most localities. In short, our findings may indicate a process of resource tracking by the parasite species, in which the resource may not necessarily be conserved phylogenetically in their hosts.
Shovelling snow in Finnish Lapland: Social and aesthetic perspectives on an everyday activity
Authors: Strauss-Mazzullo Hannah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For residents of Finnish Lapland, snow frames outdoor and indoor activities during the entire year, both in its presence and in its absence. This article focuses on people’s social and aesthetic perspectives on what is commonly referred to as “snow work”, lumityö. In ethnographic tradition, the aim is to understand “doing living with snow” in contemporary urban society – with snow that falls and, unlike other forms of precipitation, stays around for many months to come, thus creating physical, mouldable obstacles that have mental, social and environmental consequences. The shovelling of snow is considered an important physical activity that allows people to practice their individual expert knowledge and lets them socialise during long annual periods of potential isolation. Hence, apart from its restricting features, snow and ice enhance the meaning of homeowners’ dwelling in the open. In this context, aesthetic and creative concepts are essential where they draw on people’s gardening and artistic skills, and bring satisfaction to those engaging with this mundane and unavoidable activity.
Chronological quarantine and ageism: COVID-19 and gerontology's relationship with age categorisation
Authors: Fletcher James Rupert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn March 2020, the government of the United Kingdom advised all people aged 70 and above to self-isolate stringently for a minimum of 12 weeks in response to COVID-19. The British Society of Gerontology criticised the government for ignoring individual differences, deeming the approach ageist. Former British Geriatrics Society president David Oliver contested accusations of ageism, arguing that the approach was pragmatic discrimination based on epidemiological evidence. This debate catalyses core gerontological tensions regarding ageism, discrimination, categorisation and heterogeneity. A critical realist perspective reveals that both the government and gerontology are struggling to negotiate these irresolvable tensions. Contrary to the binary debate, age-based isolation simultaneously represents pragmatic discrimination and value-driven ageism. However, it does so partly because it relies on a chronologic epistemology that positions age as a potent biosocial axis of meaningful difference, thereby reflecting gerontology's own ageism. The ethical purism of gerontological accusations of ageism is thus somewhat misplaced, potentially obscuring an opportunity for reflection on value-laden engagements with age in social research.
Word learning in monolingual and bilingual children: The influence of speaker eye-gaze
Authors: Gangopadhyay Ishanti , Kaushanskaya Margarita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current study examined the impact of a speaker's gaze on novel-word learning in 4-5-year old monolingual (N = 23) and bilingual children (N = 24). Children were taught novel words when the speaker looked at the object both times while labeling it (consistent) and when the speaker looked at the object only the first time (inconsistent). During teaching, bilingual children differentiated between the target object (that matched the label) and non-target object (that did not match the label) earlier than the monolingual children on trials without eye-gaze information. However, during testing, monolingual children showed more robust retention of novel words than bilingual children in both conditions. Findings suggest that bilingualism shapes children's attention to eye-gaze during word learning, but that, ultimately, there is no bilingual advantage for utilizing this cue in the service of word retention.
Magnetic Properties of Ferritchromite and Cr‐Magnetite and Monitoring of Cr‐Spinels Alteration in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks
Authors: Hodel F. , Macouin M. , Trindade R. I. F. , Araujo J. F. D. F. , Respaud M. , Meunier J. F. , Cassayre L. , Rousse S. , Drigo L. , Schorne‐Pinto J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpinel is a ubiquitous mineral in mafic/ultramafic rocks. Spinel cores chemistry is extensively used as a petrogenetic proxy while their alteration phases, ferritchromite, and Cr‐magnetite, are used as metamorphic grade indicators. However, the magnetic properties and composition of these phases are still ill‐defined and no consensus exists concerning the metamorphic conditions involved in their formation. Here, we use the magnetic properties of these Cr‐spinel alteration phases, via field‐dependent parameters and observations with a magnetic microscope coupled with mineral chemistry and Mössbauer spectroscopy, to better constrain their composition. We identify Cr‐magnetite by a Curie point of ca. 520°C. We show that it is characterized by an n between 0.1 and 0.2 in the Fe‐Cr spinel formula [Fe2+(Fe1−nCrn)2O4], which corresponds to 6–13 wt.% of Cr2O3. The abundance of Cr‐magnetite indicates a strong alteration of Cr‐spinels that could reflect a significant hydrothermal activity rather than a high metamorphism grade. Normalized variation curves of the magnetic susceptibility during heating allow a relative quantification of the contributions of different magnetic phases to the magnetic susceptibility. This highlights a link between ferritchromite destabilization into maghemite at ca. 130°C followed by the destabilization of this maghemite starting at 300°C. We identify specific covariation trends between these two magnetic species characterizing different alteration processes. This study opens the door to magnetic monitoring of the Cr‐spinel alteration state in mafic and ultramafic rocks. It constitutes a new, fast, and weakly destructive way to study the petrological history of both terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks.
Geodetic Source Modeling of the 2019 Mw 6.3 Durrës, Albania, Earthquake: Partial Rupture of a Blind Reverse Fault
Authors: Govorčin M. , Wdowinski S. , Matoš B. , Funning G. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe address geometric and kinematic properties of the Mw 6.3 26 November 2019 Durrës earthquake, the strongest earthquake in Albania in the past 40 years. Using coseismic surface displacements from Sentinel‐1 Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) and nearby Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) stations, we invert for the geometry and slip of the causative fault. We find that both a steep SW‐dipping fault (dip 71°) and a shallow NE‐dipping fault (dip 15°) can fit the data equally well. However, the slip on the SW‐dipping fault occurs at depths 11–23 km, similar to the depths of the mainshock and aftershock seismicity, and thus, we prefer that model. The location of our preferred fault plane correlates with the mapped SW‐dipping backthrust, the Vore fault. The fault rupture did not reach the surface, which implies that an updip stress propagation onto the unruptured shallow portion of the Vore fault and its secondary structures pose an increased seismic hazard for cities in Albania, including the capital, Tirana.