bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemodynamic activity characterization of Resting State Networks by Fractal Analysis and thalamocortical morphofunctional integrity in chronic migraine
Authors: Porcaro Camillo , Renzo Antonio Di , Tinelli Emanuele , Lorenzo Giorgio Di , Parisi Vincenzo , Caramia Francesca , Fiorelli Marco , Piero Vittorio Di , Pierelli Francesco , Coppola Gianluca 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Chronic migraine (CM) can be associated with aberrant long-range connectivity of MRI-derived resting-state networks (RSNs). Here, we investigated how the fractal dimension (FD) of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activity may be used to estimate the complexity of RSNs, reflecting flexibility and/or efficiency in information processing in CM patients respect to healthy controls (HC).

Methods

Resting-state MRI data were collected from 20 untreated CM without history of medication overuse and 20 HC. On both groups, we estimated the Higuchi’s FD. On the same subjects, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values of bilateral thalami were retrieved from diffusion tensor imaging and correlated with the FD values.

Results

CM showed higher FD values within dorsal attention system (DAS) and the anterior part of default-mode network (DMN), and lower FD values within the posterior DMN compared to HC. Although FA and MD were within the range of normality, both correlated with the FD values of DAS.

Conclusions

FD of DAS and DMN may reflect disruption of cognitive control of pain in CM. Since the normal microstructure of the thalamus and its positive connectivity with the cortical networking found in our CM patients reminds similar results obtained assessing the same structures but with the methods of neurophysiology, in episodic migraine during an attack, this may be yet another evidence in supporting CM as a never-ending migraine attack.
Evaluation of the disease burden of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease with the surveillance data from 2013 to 2017 in China
Authors: Gao Chen , Zhang Lina , Xiao Kang , Zhou Wei , Wang Yuan , Chen Cao , Shi Qi , Dong Xiao-Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (sCJD) is the commonest type of human prion disease and cause 100% fatality. The morbidity of sCJD is about 1 to 2 cases/million/year worldwide.Methods In this study, the disease burden of sCJD in China was evaluated based on the data of Chinese National CJD Surveillance from 2013 to 2017.Results The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) of sCJD was measured with 753 probable sCJD patients. The total DALY of 753 sCJD cases in the past five surveillance years was 16202.62 person-years. The Years of Life Lost (YLL) was the predominant component for DALY reaching to more than 95%, while the Years Lost due to Disability (YLD) accounted for less than 5% only. The highest DALY was noticed in the group of 45-50 year-old (6541.49), followed by the groups of 60-69 year-old (6311.25). Furthermore, the indirect economic burdens of 753 sCJD patients were estimated with the official capital data. Total indirect economic burden for five years was 372.08 million RMB (1US $=6.9 RMB), with the average of 494,133 RMB per case. The patients aged 45-59 years old were the predominant population that accounted for approximate 73% of total indirect economic burden. Although still lacking the exact annual incidence of sCJD in China, the DALY intensity of sCJD in China could be estimated and predicted as 2.2 to 4.4 person-years /100,000 with the global morbidity of sCJD.Conclusion This is the first disease burden assay for sCJD in China, which will supply fundamental evidence for further development of medical strategy.
Flow of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Vema Channel
Authors: Morozov Eugene G , Frey Dmitry I. , Tarakanov Roman Y. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We analyze measurements of bottom currents and thermohaline properties of water north of the Vema Channel with the goal to find pathway continuations of Antarctic Bottom Water flow from the Vema Channel into the Brazil Basin. The analysis is based on CTD/LADCP casts north of the Vema Channel. The flow in the deep Vema Channel consists of two branches. The deepest current flows along the bottom in the center of the channel and the other branch flows above the western wall of the channel. We found two smaller channels of the northern continuation of the deeper bottom flow. These flows become weak and almost disappear at a latitude of 25°30’S. The upper current flows at a depth of 4100-4200 m along the continental slope. We traced this current up to 24°S over a distance exceeding 250 km. This branch transports bottom water that eventually fills the deep basins of the North Atlantic. Key words: Vema Channel; abyssal currents; Antarctic Bottom Water; CTD/LADCP profiles; bottom layer
miR-548j-5p Regulates Angiogenesis in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Lee Chiu-Yang , Lin Shing-Jong , Wu Tao-Cheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a vascular disease involving diffuse atherosclerosis, which is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Critical limb ischemia is the most severe complication of PAD. In addition to medical and interventional treatment, therapeutic angiogenesis is a novel therapy for PAD. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered to be key regulators of gene expression, but their role in ischemic-induced angiogenesis is poorly characterized. There is little knowledge of specific miRNAs associated with PAD. Methods: To determine the regulation of miRNAs, we obtained miRNA profiles using RNA isolated from patients with PAD and a control group. The effect of the specific miRNA in angiogenesis were evaluated by in vitro angiogenic function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), in vivo angiogenesis assay and a hind-limb ischemic model. Results: Circulating miR-548j-5p was significantly reduced in patients with PAD compared with the controls. miR-548j-5p promoted EPC angiogenesis by enhancing migration and tube formation. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 signaling pathways appeared to be potential targets for miR-548j-5p. Furthermore, a directed in vivo angiogenesis assay of EPCs and a hind-limb ischemia mouse model demonstrated that miR-548j-5p enhanced capillary density and blood flow recovery in hind-limb ischemia. Conclusion: Taken together, our data indicates that up-regulation of miR-548j-5p promotes angiogenesis in ischemic tissue and might be a novel therapeutic approach for PAD.
Effectiveness of Oral Health Education Intervention Strategies Among 12-15-Year-Old School Children in Dharan, Nepal: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Subedi Krishna , Shrestha Ashish , Bhagat Tarakant , Baral Dharanidhar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: School aged adolescents are in particular need of preventive program to ensure positive long-term oral health and hygiene. However, due to lack of health education and insufficient preventive measures, the oral health status of these students is not always good resulting in high morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an oral health education intervention on oral hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP), plaque control and gingival health among 12-15 years old school children in Dharan sub-metropolitan city, Nepal.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with parallel study groups, comprising 12-15-year-old school children, 120 in each group (experimental and control group). Interview of the participants were done using a 23-item questionnaire for assessment of oral hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP). Oral examination was done using mouth mirror and WHO probe to record Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index (1970), Gingival index (Loe H and Silness J 1963) and Dentition status and treatment needs at baseline and third and sixth months of the study period. Analysis was done using chi-square test for categorical data and Independent t test, repeated ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative data. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.Results: There was 54.58% improvement in overall oral hygiene KAP in experimental group (p=0.001) whereas no improvement was seen in control group after 6 months of intervention. The mean plaque score was improved by 57.67% (p=0.001) in experimental group in comparison to 4.56% in control group. Gingival index was improved by 49.90% (p=0.001) in experimental group in comparison to 0.7% (p=0.05) in control group. Caries experience was increased in both groups but no significant difference was seen.Conclusions: The study concluded that oral health education was effective in improving oral hygiene KAP, plaque control and gingival health.Trial registration: The trial was retrospectively registered with Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI) with identifier no. CTRI/2018/05/013985, registered on 05/21/2018. (http://www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=23651&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2723651det%27). Institutional Review Committee, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal provided the ethical approval (Ref. No.: 292/074/075-IRC).
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with SGLT-2 Inhibitors Versus GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yamada Takayuki , Bhalla Abhinav , Wakabayashi Mako , Chopra Nitin , Miyashita Hirotaka , Mikami Takahisa , Ueyama Hiroki , Fujisaki Tomohiro , Saigusa Yusuke , Yamaji Takahiro , Azushima Kengo , Urate Shingo , Suzuki Toru , Abe Eriko , Wakui Hiromichi , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBoth sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are known to reduce cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. However, no study to date has compared the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors with that of GLP-1 RAs in type 2 DM patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We herein investigated the benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs in CKD patients.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search through July 2020. We selected randomized control trials that compared the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and a composite of renal outcomes. We performed a network meta-analysis to compare SGLT-2 inhibitors with GLP-1 RA indirectly. Risk ratios (RRs) with corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI) were synthesized.ResultsFifteen studies were selected with a total of 20,947 patients. SGLT-2 inhibitors led to a risk reduction in MACE (RR [95 % CI]; 0.80 [0.70-0.91]) , but GLP-1 RAs did not (RR 0.89 [0.78-1.00]). Compared to GLP-1 RAs, SGLT-2 inhibitors did not demonstrate a significant difference (RR 0.90 [0.75-1.08]). Similarly, SGLT-2 inhibitors significantly decreased renal events (RR 0.66 [0.58-0.75]), but GLP-1 RAs did not (RR 0.80 [0.90-1.00]). SGLT-2 inhibitors were also associated with a lower risk of renal events compared to GLP-1 RAs (RR 0.73 [0.62-0.87]).ConclusionsIn patients with type 2 DM and CKD, SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular and renal events, but GLP-1 RA were not. SGLT-2 inhibitors significantly decreased the risk of renal events compared to GLP-1 RAs.
Dynamic stability of complex networks
Authors: Barzel Baruch , Meena Chandrakala , Hens Chittaranjan , Haber Simi , Stefano Boccaletti 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Will a large complex system be stable? This question, first posed by May in 1972, captures a long standing challenge, fueled by a seeming contradiction between theory and practice. While empirical reality answers with an astounding yes, the mathematical analysis, based on linear stability theory, seems to suggest the contrary - hence, the diversity-stability paradox. Here we settle this dichotomy, by considering the interplay between topology and dynamics. We show that this interplay leads to the emergence of non-random patterns in the system's stability matrix, leading us to relinquish the prevailing random matrix-based paradigm. Instead, we offer a new matrix ensemble, which captures the dynamic stability of real-world systems. This ensemble helps us analytically identify the relevant control parameters that predict a system's stability, exposing three broad dynamic classes: In the asymptotically unstable class, diversity, indeed, leads to instability a la May's paradox. However, we also expose an asymptotically stable class, the class in which most real systems reside, in which diversity not only does not prohibit, but, in fact, enhances dynamic stability. Finally, in the sensitively stable class diversity plays no role, and hence stability is driven by the system's microscopic parameters. Together, our theory uncovers the naturally emerging rules of complex system stability, helping us reconcile the paradox that has eluded us for decades.
Defining the Features of Registry Based Randomised Controlled Trials (rRCT): A Systematic Review
Authors: Shea Niamh O , Eustace Joseph , Shiely Frances 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Registry Based Randomised Controlled Trials have been described as pragmatic studies utilising patient data embedded in large scale registries, to facilitate key clinical trial procedures such as case report completion, randomisation and follow up data. While the practice of utilising registries to support the conduct of randomised trials is increasing, the reporting of how a registry is used within a trial can vary, causing difficulty in identifying registry based randomised trials and interpreting their exact definition. Methods: The databases PubMed, Embase, Cinahl Plus, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched using a combination of subject headings, MeSH and free text terms. Search terms will be adapted accordingly for each database, with English language articles included and no other filters applied. Also, grey literature and reference lists will be searched, contacting trial authors for clarification when necessary. Two independent reviewers will complete study screening, selection and quality assessment. A preliminary synthesis will be conducted tabulating the relevant evidence into separate data extraction tables. A narrative synthesis approach will be adopted based on the Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews.Results: The present study will synthesise existing registry based randomised trial literature and define their key features.Conclusions: It is essential that trialists and researchers can review published trials and endeavour to duplicate trial designs. There is a lack of consensus in terms of the reporting of registry based randomised trials, making replication of this emerging trial design difficult. This review will clearly summarise and define the key features of these randomised trials, to allow researchers understand and reproduce the novel registry based randomised controlled trial methodology. Systematic Review Registration: PROPSERO CRD42020192419
Effects of Immediate and Delayed Loading Protocols on Marginal Bone Loss Around Implants in Unsplinted Mandibular Implant-Retained Overdentures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Wei , Cai He , Zhang Junjiang , Wang Jian , Sui Lei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Immediate loading has recently been introduced into unsplinted mandibular implant-retained overdentures for the management of edentulous patients due to their increasing demand on immediate aesthetics and function. However, there is still a scarcity of meta-analytical evidence on the efficacy of immediate loading compared to delayed loading in unsplinted mandibular implant-retained overdentures. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants between immediate and delayed loading of unsplinted mandibular implant-retained overdentures.Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), and cohort studies quantitatively comparing the MBL around implants between immediate loading protocol (ILP) and delayed loading protocol (DLP) of unsplinted mandibular overdentures were included. A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases on April 28, 2020. “Grey” literature was also searched. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the pooled MBL of two different loading protocols of unsplinted mandibular overdentures through weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The subgroup analysis was performed between different attachment types (i.e. Locator attachment vs. ball anchor). The risk of bias within and across studies were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and Egger’s test. Results: Of 305 records, five RCTs and two cohort studies were included and evaluated, which totally contained 191 participants with a follow-up of no less than 12 months. The MBL of ILP group showed no significant difference with that of DLP group (WMD 0.04, CI -0.13 to 0.21, P > .05). The subgroup analysis revealed similar results between the two different loading groups restored with Locator attachments or ball anchors (P > .05). Apart from one RCT (20%) with a high risk of bias, four RCTs (80%) showed a moderate risk of bias. Two prospective cohort studies were proved with acceptable quality. Furthermore, the Egger’s test indicated no significant bias among seven included studies (P > .05). Conclusions: For unsplinted mandibular implant-retained overdentures, the MBL around implants after ILP seems comparable to that of implants after DLP. Immediate loading may be a promising alternative to delayed loading for the management of unsplinted mandibular implant-retained overdentures. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020159124
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates From Bovine Respiratory Disease Cases in Ethiopia
Authors: Yilma Mirtneh Akalu , Vemulapati Murthy Bhadra , Tefera Takele Abayneh , Yami Martha , Negi Teferi Degefa , Belay Alebachew , Derese Getaw , Leykun Esayas Gelaye 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous species and opportunistic pathogen that causes bovine respiratory disease. This disease is one of an economically important disease in Ethiopia. Losses due to mortality and associated expenses are estimated to be higher in the country. Studies revealed that limited information is available regarding the capsular types, genotypes, and antimicrobial sensitivity of P. multocida isolates circulating in the country. This suggests, further molecular advances to understand the etiological diversity of the pathogens representing severe threats to the cattle population. Results: Bacteriological analysis of nasopharyngeal swab and pneumonic lung tissue samples collected from a total of 400 samples revealed isolation of 61 (15.25%) P. multocida subspecies multocida. 35 (20.59%) were isolated from calves and 26 (11.30%) from adult cattle. Molecular analysis using PCR assay targeting KMT1 gene (~460 bp) amplification was shown in all presumptive isolates. Capsular typing also confirmed the presence of serogroup A (hyaD-hyaC) gene (~1044 bp) and serogroup D (dcbF) gene (~657 bp) from 56 (91.80%) and 5 (8.20%) isolates, respectively. The biovar typing identified 48 (78.69%) isolates of biovar 3. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hyaD-hyaC gene nucleotide sequences showed that P. multocida serogroup A are genetically closely related to the different P. multocida isolates retrieved from the GenBank. Antibiogram of isolates revealed high sensitivity towards chloramphenicol (100%), amoxicillin (95.08%), and amikacin (90.16%). Resistance was observed in cloxacillin (88.52%) and Penicillin-G (77.05%). Conclusions: In the present study, P. multocida capsular type A biovar 3 was predominantly isolated from pneumonic cases in cattle in the study areas. The finding provides useful information for further research and choice of antimicrobials for treatment. Hence, further comprehensive molecular epidemiological investigation is proposed covering wider areas of the country to identify pathogens associated with BRD for an effective control strategy.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of the Electrocardiogram in Stable Outpatients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gregers Mads Christian Tofte , Schou Morten , Jensen Magnus T. , Jensen Jesper , Petrie Mark C. , Vilsbøll Tina , Goetze Jens Peter , Rossing Peter , Jørgensen Peter G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) recommend an electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with diabetes and hypertension or with suspected CVD, including heart failure (HF). The objective was to investigate whether ECG abnormalities can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of HF in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D) in secondary care diabetes-clinics. Methods: A total of 722 patients with T2D in sinus rhythm were prospectively included. The ESC definition of HF with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF and HFpEF) was used. An abnormal ECG was defined as having Q-waves, bundle-branch-block, left ventricular hypertrophy, or ST-T deviations. The composite endpoint was incident CVD and cardiovascular death.Results: Overall, 24% patients had ECG abnormalities. A total of 13% had HF (2.5% HFrEF and 11% HFpEF) whereof 51% had ECG abnormalities. A normal ECG had a 99.2% negative predictive value (NPV) of ruling out HFrEF. The ECG was less efficient in ruling out HFpEF (NPV of 92%). In a multivariable analysis, the hazard-ratio (HR) of incident cardiovascular disease or death in patients with HFrEF or HFpEF and a normal ECG compared to patients without HF was 1.88 [1.00-3.53], p=0.05, while an abnormal ECG increased the HR to 3.62 [2.18-6.00], p<0.001.Conclusion: HFrEF was rare and HFpEF was frequent in this T2D population. A normal ECG could safely rule out HFrEF but not HFpEF. The ECG carried prognostic information and an abnormal ECG increased the HR for incident cardiovascular event or cardiovascular death.