bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic profile of bone “collagen” extracted for stable isotopes: Implications for bulk and single amino acid analyses
Authors: Cleland Timothy P. , Sarancha Julianne J. , France Christine A.M. 
Published: December 2020

RationaleProtein studies in archaeology and paleontology have been dominated by stable isotope studies to understand diet and trophic levels, but recent applications of proteomic techniques have resulted in a more complete understanding of protein diagenesis than stable isotopes alone. In stable isotope analyses, samples are retained or discarded based on their properties. Proteomics can directly determine what proteins are present within the sample and may be able to allow previously discarded samples to be analyzed.MethodsProtein samples that had been previously analyzed for stable isotopes, including those with marginal and poor sample quality, were characterized by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using an LTQ Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer after separation on a Dionex Ultimate 3000 LC system. Data were analyzed using MetaMorpheus and custom R scripts.ResultsWe found a variety of proteins in addition to collagen, although collagen I was found in the majority of the samples (most samples >80%). We also found a positive correlation between total deamidation and wt% N, suggesting that deamidation may impact the overall nitrogen signal in bulk analyses. The amino acid profiles of samples, including those of marginal or poor stable isotope quality, reflect the expected collagen I percentages, allowing their use in single amino acid stable isotope analyses.ConclusionsAll the samples regardless of quality were found to have high concentrations of collagen I, making interpretations of dietary routing based on collagen I reasonably valid. The amino acid profiles on the marginal and poor samples reflect an expected collagen I profile and allow these samples to be recovered for single amino acid analyses.
Adaptive sampling with an autonomous underwater vehicle in static marine environments
Authors: Stankiewicz Paul , Tan Yew T. , Kobilarov Marin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with sensors to construct water quality models to aid in the assessment of important environmental hazards, for instance related to point‐source pollutants or localized hypoxic regions. Our focus is on problems requiring the autonomous discovery and dense sampling of critical areas of interest in real‐time, for which standard (e.g., grid‐based) strategies are not practical due to AUV power and computing constraints that limit mission duration. To this end, we consider adaptive sampling strategies on Gaussian process (GP) stochastic models of the measured scalar field to focus sampling on the most promising and informative regions. Specifically, this study employs the GP upper confidence bound as the optimization criteria to adaptively plan sampling paths that balance a trade‐off between exploration and exploitation. Two informative path planning algorithms based on (i) branch‐and‐bound techniques and (ii) cross‐entropy optimization are presented for choosing future sampling locations while considering the motion constraints of the sampling platform. The effectiveness of the proposed methods are explored in simulated scalar fields for identifying multiple regions of interest within a three‐dimensional environment. Field experiments with an AUV using both virtual measurements on a known scalar field and in situ dissolved oxygen measurements for studying hypoxic zones validate the approach's capability to quickly explore the given area, and then subsequently increase the sampling density around regions of interest without sacrificing model fidelity of the full sampling area.
Low‐Energy Pathways Found for the NH3 Activation and H2 Elimination by the Werner‐Type Complexes M(NH3)4+ (M=Fe, Ru and Os).
Authors: Avilés Alejandro , Torres Ana E. , Colmenares Fernando 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe interactions of NH3 with the transition metal complexes M(NH3)n+ (M=Fe, Ru, Os; n=0−4) were investigated theoretically with the aim of analyzing the factors that determine their reactivity patterns and product distributions. The reactions of ammonia with the low‐coordination complexes of the three metallic ions (n=1−3) lead only to the addition product M(NH3)n+1+. However, once the highest‐coordinated complex M(NH3)4+ is reached, each of the reactions evolves to metal‐inserted species through low energy channels. For osmium, the hydrogen abstraction from an additional NH3 molecule by the inserted intermediate H−Os(NH3)4‐NH2+ leads to H2 elimination products along a favorable pathway. The facile breaking of the strong N−H bond of ammonia by these Werner‐type complexes is by far the most striking finding emerging from this study. Hopefully, this could inspire future contributions in the areas of chemical and bioinorganic catalysis.
Edge‐adaptable serverless acceleration for machine learning Internet of Things applications
Authors: Zhang Michael , Krintz Chandra , Wolski Rich 
Published: December 2020

AbstractServerless computing is an emerging event‐driven programming model that accelerates the development and deployment of scalable web services on cloud computing systems. Though widely integrated with the public cloud, serverless computing use is nascent for edge‐based, Internet of Things (IoT) deployments. In this work, we present STOIC (serverless teleoperable hybrid cloud), an IoT application deployment and offloading system that extends the serverless model in three ways. First, STOIC adopts a dynamic feedback control mechanism to precisely predict latency and dispatch workloads uniformly across edge and cloud systems using a distributed serverless framework. Second, STOIC leverages hardware acceleration (e.g., GPU resources) for serverless function execution when available from the underlying cloud system. Third, STOIC can be configured in multiple ways to overcome deployment variability associated with public cloud use. We overview the design and implementation of STOIC and empirically evaluate it using real‐world machine learning applications and multitier IoT deployments (edge and cloud). Specifically, we show that STOIC can be used fortrainingimage processing workloads (for object recognition)—once thought too resource‐intensive for edge deployments. We find that STOIC reduces overall execution time (response latency) and achieves placement accuracy that ranges from 92% to 97%.
In Cellulo Analysis of Huntingtin Inclusion Bodies by Cryogenic Nanoprobe SAXS
Authors: Rumancev Christoph , Vöpel Tobias , Stuhr Susan , von Gundlach Andreas R. , Senkbeil Tobias , Osterhoff Markus , Sprung Michael , Garamus Vasil M. , Ebbinghaus Simon , Rosenhahn Axel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is one of nine neurodegenerative disorders associated with an extension of polyglutamine (polyQ) in proteins. In HD, the polyQ tract in the huntingtin protein is extended beyond a threshold of 38 amino acids leading to the formation of amyloidal structures in the cytoplasm and nucleus. We investigated here the structure of Htt (Huntingtin) amyloid fibrils in cellulo with nanoprobe small angle X‐ray scattering. As these measurements were performed under cryogenic conditions, the information is obtained on the aggregates in their natural, hydrated environment without the need of staining and chemical fixation. We also could show the presence of oligomer structures not visible in fluorescence microscopy. Structural information on repetitive units inside of Htt inclusion bodies was determined from the SAXS data and compared to electron microscopy images. The results suggest that nanoprobe cryo‐SAXS can serve as powerful tool to investigate the kinetics of amyloid aggregate formation inside cells and to understand how fibril formation can be influenced by drugs and other external stimuli.
Biochemical study on the protective effect of curcumin on acetaminophen and gamma‐irradiation induced hepatic toxicity in rats
Authors: Eassawy Mamdouh M. T. , Salem Asmaa A. , Ismail Amel F. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) is one of the few recommended analgesic and antipyretic drugs in some critical cases such as viral disease COVID‐19. However, the unrestricted use of APAP develops liver disorders. Hepatotoxicity and liver injury can also be induced by ionizing radiation (IR) during radiotherapy. The data of the current study represents that treatment of rats with either APAP‐overdose, or gamma‐irradiation (R) induces hepatotoxicity, results in significant increases of the hepatic‐enzymes activities (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, and MDH), as well as enhancement of triglycerides, total cholesterol levels, combined with declines in albumin and total protein contents. An enhancement of the lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde; MDA), and nitric oxide levels along with a decline of reduced glutathione contents and suppression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities are also observed within the liver tissues of intoxicated animals. TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, iNOS, Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), miR‐802 gene expression, NF‐κB, and calcium levels are up‐regulated, while Nuclear factor erythroid‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2), Hemoxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) protein and gene expressions, as well as, glutamate‐cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), NAD(P)H‐Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and miR‐122 gene expressions are down‐regulated in the livers of intoxicated animals. All these parameters show significant improvement in R/APAP intoxicated animals. Curcumin pretreatment develops an amelioration of these effects in APAP‐overdose, R‐exposure, or R/APAP treatments. In conclusion, oral administration of curcumin shows hepatoprotective effects against APAP‐overdose induced hepatic damage in normal and gamma‐irradiated rats through prospective regulation of the therapeutic targets CYP2E1, Nrf2, and NF‐κB, via organizing the miR‐122 and miR‐802 gene expression.
Zero‐inflatedmodeling partII:Zero‐inflatedmodels for complex data structures
Authors: Young Derek S. , Roemmele Eric S. , Shi Xuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe prequel to this review provided an extensive treatment of classic zero‐inflated count regression models where a univariate discrete distribution is used for the count regression component of the model. The treatment of zero inflation beyond the classic univariate count regression setting has seen a substantial increase in recent years. This second review paper surveys some of this recent literature and focuses on important developments in handling zero inflation for correlated count settings, discrete time series models, spatial models, and multivariate models. We discuss some of the available computational tools for performing estimation in these settings, while again highlighting the diverse data problems that have been addressed using these methods.This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Multivariate ModelsStatistical Models > Generalized Linear ModelsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure of La2SiP4
Authors: Akopov Georgiy , Viswanathan Gayatri , Kovnir Kirill 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLa2SiP4 (mP‐28, Z=4, Wyckoff sequence e7, space group P21/c (No. 14), a=10.8230(6) Å, b=7.5208(4) Å, c=7.9189(4) Å, and β=105.389(2)°) which crystallizes in the La2CuS4 structure type is reported. Instead of isolated CuS3 triangles bridged by disulfide anions, in the crystal structure of La2SiP4, one‐dimensional zig‐zag chains composed of SiP4 tetrahedra connected by P−P bonds are present. Lanthanum cations fill the voids between the chains and are coordinated by either 9P or 8P+Si atoms. La2SiP4 is a narrow bandgap semiconductor with calculated and measured optical bandgaps of 0.35 eV and 0.85(1) eV, respectively.
Regge amplitudes in generalized fishnet and chiral fishnet theories
Authors: Chowdhury Subham Dutta , Haldar Parthiv , Sen Kallol 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We extend the analysis of [1] to study the Regge trajectories of the Mellin amplitudes of the 0- and 1-magnon correlators of the generalized Fishnet theory in d dimensions and one type of correlators of chiral fishnet theory in 4 dimensions. We develop a systematic procedure to perturbatively study the Regge trajectories and subsequently perform the spectral integral. Our perturbative method is very generic and in principle can be applied to correlators whose perturbative Regge trajectories obey some structural conditions which we list down. Our d dimensional results reduce to previously known results in d = 4 for 0-magnon and 1-magnon. As a non-trivial check, we show that the results for 1-magnon correlator in d = 8, when evaluated using the exact techniques in [1, 2] are in perfect agreement with our d dimensional perturbative results. We also perturbatively compute the Regge trajectories and Regge-Mellin amplitudes of the chiral fishnet correlator $$ \left\langle \mathrm{Tr}\left[{\phi}_1\left({x}_1\right){\phi}_1\left({x}_2\right)\right]\mathrm{Tr}\left[{\phi}_1^{\dagger}\left({x}_3\right){\phi}_1^{\dagger}\left({x}_4\right)\right]\right\rangle $$

Tr

ϕ
1

x
1

ϕ
1

x
2

Tr

ϕ
1
†

x
3

ϕ
1
†

x
4

using the techniques developed in this paper. Since this correlator has two couplings κ and ω, we have obtained closed-form results in the limit κ → 0, ω → 0 with κ/ω held constant. We verify this computation with an independent method of computing the same and obtain perfect agreement.
Bosonization based on Clifford algebras and its gauge theoretic interpretation
Authors: Bochniak A. , Ruba B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the properties of a bosonization procedure based on Clifford algebra valued degrees of freedom, valid for spaces of any dimension. We present its interpretation in terms of fermions in presence of ℤ2 gauge fields satisfying a modified Gauss’ law, resembling Chern-Simons-like theories. Our bosonization prescription involves constraints, which are interpreted as a flatness condition for the gauge field. Solution of the constraints is presented for toroidal geometries of dimension two. Duality between our model and (d − 1)- form ℤ2 gauge theory is derived, which elucidates the relation between the approach taken here with another bosonization map proposed recently.
On the stochastic Dullin–Gottwald–Holm equation: global existence and wave-breaking phenomena
Authors: Rohde Christian , Tang Hao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider a class of stochastic evolution equations that include in particular the stochastic Camassa–Holm equation. For the initial value problem on a torus, we first establish the local existence and uniqueness of pathwise solutions in the Sobolev spaces$$H^s$$Hswith$$s>3/2$$s>3/2. Then we show that strong enough nonlinear noise can prevent blow-up almost surely. To analyze the effects of weaker noise, we consider a linearly multiplicative noise with non-autonomous pre-factor. Then, we formulate precise conditions on the initial data that lead to global existence of strong solutions or to blow-up. The blow-up occurs as wave breaking. For blow-up with positive probability, we derive lower bounds for these probabilities. Finally, the blow-up rate of these solutions is precisely analyzed.
Identification of characteristics, risk factors, and predictors of recurrent LVAD thrombosis: conditions in HeartWare devices
Authors: Gyoten Takayuki , Morshuis Michiel , Rojas Sebastian V. , Deutsch Marcus-André , Schramm René , Gummert Jan F. , Fox Henrik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Redictors of repetitive left-ventricular assist device (LVAD)-thrombosis have not been studied yet.

Methods
We identified predictors of recurrent LVAD thrombosis in HeartWare (HVAD) patients in a long-term study from 2010 until 2020. We included all patients with two or more thrombolysis treatments for repetitive HVAD thrombosis and effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy was defined as freedom from stroke, death, another HVAD thrombosis, or surgical device exchange within 30 days after the event. Study endpoints also include all-cause mortality and heart transplantation.

Results
A total of 534 HVAD implantations have been screened, and 73 patients (13.7%) developed first HVAD thrombosis after a median of 10 months (IQR; 6–21 months). 46 of these patients had effective thrombolysis in 71.7% (n = 33/46). After a median of 14 months (IQR 4–32 months) follow-up, 17 patients (51.5%) had developed a second HVAD thrombosis and all were treated with t-PA therapy again, resulting in effectiveness in 76.5% (n = 13/17). The four patients with ineffective t-PA therapy underwent subsequent surgical HVAD exchange. Multiple Cox regression model analysis revealed time interval between HVAD implantation and first thrombosis as an independent risk factor of recurrent thrombosis (HR, 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.99, p = 0.031). Kaplan–Meier analysis at 3 year follow-up showed no significant difference in overall survival for recurrent vs non-recurrent thrombosis groups (log-rank test, p = 0.959).

Conclusion
Recurrent HVAD thrombosis mostly appears within 12 months after first thrombosis. Systemic t-PA therapy for recurrent pump thrombosis seems safe, achieving comparable effectiveness rates to initial t-PA therapy. Survival does not differ between patients with or without recurrent HVAD thrombosis.
Prison Population Reductions and COVID-19: A Latent Profile Analysis Synthesizing Recent Evidence From the Texas State Prison System
Authors: Vest Noel , Johnson Oshea , Nowotny Kathryn , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPeople in prison are particularly vulnerable to infectious disease due to close living conditions and the lack of protective equipment. As a result, public health professionals and prison administrators seek information to guide best practices and policy recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using latent profile analysis, we sought to characterize Texas prisons on levels of COVID-19 cases and deaths among incarcerated residents, and COVID-19 cases among prison staff. This observational study was a secondary data analysis of publicly available data from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TBDJ) collected from March 1, 2020, until July 24, 2020. This project was completed in collaboration with the COVID Prison Project. We identified relevant profiles from the data: a low-outbreak profile, a high-outbreak profile, and a high-death profile. Additionally, current prison population and level of employee staffing predicted membership in the high-outbreak and high-death profiles when compared with the low-outbreak profile. Housing persons at 85% of prison capacity was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 infection and death. Implementing this 85% standard as an absolute minimum should be prioritized at prisons across the USA.
International Top Managers on Corporate Boards: Dissimilarity and Tenure
Authors: Schmid Stefan , Mitterreiter Simon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe number of top managers with foreign nationality and of top managers with international work experience on corporate boards has increased over the last decades. In business and management literature, the common understanding is that board diversity and international work experience for board members go hand in hand with numerous positive consequences for MNCs. But how does dissimilarity in nationality and in international work experience affect a top manager and his or her tenure on the board? Drawing on interpersonal attraction research and analyzing 149 management board members from German DAX-30 firms, we find empirical evidence that dissimilarity in nationality and in international work experience have a negative association with tenure. Based on social capital theory, we also suggest that the nexus between a top manager with an international background and his or her tenure is moderated by ‘firm insidership’. Our data confirm that having work experience in a firm before being appointed to its board is indeed linked to longer tenure but does not alleviate the disadvantages of being international. In sum, the resulting implication of our research is that, contrary to widely accepted scholarly opinions, a top manager’s international background may also have detrimental effects—in our case negative effects on tenure.
Calcium signaling: breast cancer’s approach to manipulation of cellular circuitry
Authors: Pratt Stephen JP , Hernández-Ochoa Erick , Martin Stuart S 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCalcium is a versatile element that participates in cell signaling for a wide range of cell processes such as death, cell cycle, division, migration, invasion, metabolism, differentiation, autophagy, transcription, and others. Specificity of calcium in each of these processes is achieved through modulation of intracellular calcium concentrations by changing the characteristics (amplitude/frequency modulation) or location (spatial modulation) of the signal. Breast cancer utilizes calcium signaling as an advantage for survival and progression. This review integrates evidence showing that increases in expression of calcium channels, GPCRs, pumps, effectors, and enzymes, as well as resulting intracellular calcium signals, lead to high calcium and/or an elevated calcium- mobilizing capacity necessary for malignant functions such as migratory, invasive, proliferative, tumorigenic, or metastatic capacities.
Evaluation of Optical Remote Sensing Data in Burned Areas Mapping of Thasos Island, Greece
Authors: Elhag Mohamed , Yimaz Nese , Bahrawi Jarbou , Boteva Silvena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForest fires are a common feature in the Mediterranean forests through the years, as a wide tract of forest fortune is lost because of the incendiary fires in the forests. The enormous damages caused by forest fires enhanced the efforts of scientists towards the attenuation of the negative effects of forest fire and consequently the minimization of biodiversity losses by searching more for the adequate distribution of attempts on forest fire prevention and, suppression. The multi-temporal Principal Components Analysis is applied to a pair of images of consecutive years obtained from Landsat-8 satellite to unconventional map and assess the spatial extent of the burned areas on the island of Thasos, Greece. First, the PCA was applied on the before fire image, and then a multi-temporal image is created from the 3rd, 4th, and 5th band of before and after images including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to enhance the results. The results from the different steps of this analysis robustly mapped the burned areas by 82.28 ha confirmed by almost 85%. Are compared with data provided by the local forest service in order to assess their accuracy. The multi-temporal PCA outputs including NDVI (PC 4, PC %, and PC 6) give better accuracy due to its ability to distinguish the burned areas of older years and to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index that gives better variance to the image.