bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the anterior capsule of the hip joint to protect the tensor fascia lata muscle during direct anterior total hip arthroplasty: a randomized prospective trial
Authors: Zhao Gongyin , Zhu Ruixia , Jiang Shijie , Xu Nanwei , Bao Hongwei , Wang Yuji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has specific advantages, but injury to the tensor fasciae lata muscle (TFLM) remains a concern. This injury in part negates some of the advantages of the intermuscular approach, because injury of the muscle fibers of the TFLM can lead to less satisfactory clinical results. Thus, in this study, we propose an intraoperative method to protect the TFLM and demonstrate its feasibility.

Methods
Fifty-six patients undergoing THA by the direct anterior approach were divided randomly into two groups. In group A, the TFLM was protected by an autogenous tissue “pad” created from the anterior capsule of the joint which protect the TFLM from direct contact with the retractors. In group B, the operation was carried out with no protection of the TFLM except the attempt by the surgeons to consciously avoid injury of the TFLM. We evaluated magnitude of changes in the muscle cross-sectional area (MSCA) and fatty atrophy (FA) by magnetic resonance imaging. The differences in blood hemoglobin and serum levels of myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were compared at different time, postoperatively. The Harris hip score, postoperative drainage volume and visual analogue scores (VAS) were compared between the two groups.

Results
LDH, CPK and myoglobin in group B were significantly higher than group A at 8, 24, and 48 h after the surgery. (p < 0.05) Compared to the group A, the decrease of hemoglobin in group B displayed significantly at 24 and 48 h after surgery. (P < 0.05) The significantly increased MSCA and FA of TFLM were demonstrated in group B. The PDV and VAS in group B were significantly higher than group A. (P < 0.05) The Harris score in group A was significantly higher than group B (P < 0.05) one month after surgery, but there was no significant difference six months later.

Conclusions
Using the anterior capsule of the hip joint as an autogenous, protective capsular tissue pad to limit the trauma to the TFLM during a direct anterior approach to THA is an effective method to protect the TFLM and improve the clinical effect.

Trial registration
ChiCTR: ChiCTR1900025173. Retrospectively registered August 15, 2019.
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment rates in high-risk patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in Korea: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Ye Seul , Yang Bo Ram , Kim Mi-Sook , Hwang Yunji , Choi Sung Hee 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundReal-world evidence of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal attainment rates for Asian patients is deficient. The objective of this study was to assess the status of dyslipidemia management, especially in high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) including stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 514,866 subjects from the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort database in Korea. Participants were followed up from 2002 to 2015. Subjects with a high-risk of CVD prior to LDL-C measurement and subjects who were newly-diagnosed for high-risk of CVD following LDL-C measurement were defined as known high-risk patients (n = 224,837) and newly defined high-risk patients (n = 127,559), respectively. Data were analyzed by disease status: stroke, ACS, coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerotic artery disease (AAD).ResultsOverall, less than 50% of patients in each disease category achieved LDL-C goals (LDL-C < 70 mg/dL in patients with stroke, ACS, CHD and PAD; and LDL-C < 100 mg/dL in patients with DM and AAD). Statin use was observed in relatively low proportions of subjects (21.5% [known high-risk], 34.4% [newly defined high-risk]). LDL-C goal attainment from 2009 to 2015 steadily increased but the goal-achiever proportion of newly defined high-risk patients with ACS remained reasonably constant (38.7% in 2009; 38.1% in 2015).ConclusionsLDL-C goal attainment rates in high-risk patients with CVD and DM in Korea demonstrate unmet medical needs. Proactive management is necessary to bridge the gap between the recommendations of clinical guidelines and actual clinical practice.
Co-producing research with communities: emotions in community research
Authors: Brown Milton , Pahl Kate , Rasool Zanib , Ward Paul 
Published: January 2020

In this article we explore the ways in which universities and communities can work together drawing on our experience of a community-university co-produced project called ‘Imagine’. We reflect on our different experiences of working together and affectively co-produce the article, drawing on a conversation we held together. We locate our discussion within the projects we worked on. We look at the experiences of working across community and university and affectively explore these. We explore the following key questions:

How do we work with complexity and difference?
Who holds the power in research?
What kinds of methods surface hidden voices?
How can we co-create equitable research spaces together?
What did working together feel like?

Our co-writing process surfaces some of these tensions and difficulties as we struggle to place our voices into an academic article. We surface more of our own tensions and voices and this has become one of the dominant experiences of doing co-produced research. We explore the mechanisms of co-production as being both a process of fusion but also its affective qualities. Our discussions show that community partners working with academics have to bear the emotional labour; by ‘standing in the gap’ they are having to move between community and university. We also recognise the power of community co-writing as a form that can open up an opportunity to speak differently, outside the constraining spaces of academia.
Childcare Allowances and Public Pensions: Welfare and Demographic Effects in an Aging Japan
Authors: Okamoto Akira 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, reforms on childcare allowances and public pensions are examined in an extended lifecycle simulation model with endogenous fertility. A slight increase in family policies such as childcare allowances leads to increases in the total population but the magnitude of change is not large. As childcare allowances increase, however, the total population is cumulatively and progressively augmented, resulting in substantial growth in the total population and national income in the long run. Furthermore, from a long-term perspective, increases in childcare subsidies or decreases in public pension benefits are potentially Pareto-improving.
Non-invasive drug delivery technology: development and current status of transdermal drug delivery devices, techniques and biomedical applications
Authors: Akhtar Naseem , Singh Varsha , Yusuf Mohammad , Khan Riaz A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pay-load deliveries across the skin barrier to the systemic circulation have been one of the most challenging delivery options. Necessitated requirements of the skin and facilitated skin layer cross-over delivery attempts have resulted in development of different non-invasive, non-oral methods, devices and systems which have been standardized, concurrently used and are in continuous upgrade and improvements. Iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis, dermal patches, nanocarriers, needled and needle-less shots, and injectors are among some of the methods of transdermal delivery. The current review covers the current state of the art, merits and shortcomings of the systems, devices and transdermal delivery patches, including drugs’ and other payloads’ passage facilitation techniques, permeation and absorption feasibility studies, as well as physicochemical properties affecting the delivery through different transdermal modes along with examples of drugs, vaccines, genes and other payloads.
Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic stewardship in Asia-Pacific countries: adaptation based on an expert consensus meeting
Authors: Lee Chien-Chang , Kwa Andrea Lay Hoon , Apisarnthanarak Anucha , Feng Jia-Yih , Gluck Eric Howard , Ito Akihiro , Karuniawati Anis , Periyasamy Petrick , Pratumvinit Busadee , Sharma Jeetendra , Solante Rontgene , Swaminathan Subramanian , Tyagi Niraj , Vu Dien Minh , Zirpe Kapil , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Recently, an expert consensus on optimal use of procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic stewardship was published focusing mainly on Europe and the United States. However, for Asia-Pacific countries, recommendations may need adaptation due to differences in types of infections, available resources and standard of clinical care.

Methods
Practical experience with PCT-guided antibiotic stewardship was discussed among experts from different countries, reflecting on the applicability of the proposed Berlin consensus algorithms for Asia-Pacific. Using a Delphi process, the group reached consensus on two PCT algorithms for the critically ill and the non-critically ill patient populations.

Results
The group agreed that the existing evidence for PCT-guided antibiotic stewardship in patients with acute respiratory infections and sepsis is generally valid also for Asia-Pacific countries, in regard to proposed PCT cut-offs, emphasis on diagnosis, prognosis and antibiotic stewardship, overruling criteria and inevitable adaptations to clinical settings. However, the group noted an insufficient database on patients with tropical diseases currently limiting the clinical utility in these patients. Also, due to lower resource availabilities, biomarker levels may be measured less frequently and only when changes in treatment are highly likely.

Conclusions
Use of PCT to guide antibiotic stewardship in conjunction with continuous education and regular feedback to all stakeholders has high potential to improve the utilization of antibiotic treatment also in Asia-Pacific countries. However, there is need for adaptations of existing algorithms due to differences in types of infections and routine clinical care. Further research is needed to understand the optimal use of PCT in patients with tropical diseases.
Suitability of a lignin-derived mono-phenol mimic to replace phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin for use in wood treatment
Authors: Biziks Vladimirs , Fleckenstein Marco , Mai Carsten , Militz Holger 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the suitability of a single mono-aromatic for substitution of petroleum-based phenol for phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis and the usage of a new resin for wood treatment. After proper thermal decomposition of wood-based lignin, pyrolysis oil can be obtained. Due to the heterogeneity of the lignin macromolecule, oil contains large variety of organic-based compounds, mainly mono-aromatics, which are proposed to be used for replacement of phenol during PF resin synthesis. Therefore, for this purpose, nine of the most abundant mono-aromatic compounds in bio-oil were selected: ortho-, meta-, para-cresol, guaiacol, catechol, 4-methylcatechol, resorcinol, syringol, 4-ethylphenol and resol-type resin from each mono-aromatic were synthesized. Relevant features of the resin such as pH, viscosity, average molecular weight and curing behavior of resins using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were analyzed. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood samples were used to evaluate the suitability of resin for wood treatment in terms of dimensional stability and were compared with the PF resin-treated wood. From all tested resins, those made of guaiacol or ortho-, or meta-, or para-cresol and/or 4-ethylphenol proved to be suitable for wood treatment, whereas resins made of catechol or 4-methylguaiacol and syringol did not. Suitability of mono-aromatics for synthesis of resol-type resin depends on chemical structure, where the reactivity of the mono-aromatic (derivative of hydroxybenzene) is defined by the type, location and number of substituents.
The morphological characteristics and classification of vascular parenchyma cells in bamboo, Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) J. Houz
Authors: Lian Caiping , Liu Rong , Luo Junji , Yang Feng , Zhang Shuqin , Fei Benhua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Vascular parenchyma cells (VPCs) provide a critical metabolic and energetic link for xylem transport of water and mineral nutrients and phloem transport of photoassimilates. Understanding the morphology of these cells is required to understand their function. This study describes the morphology and classification of VPCs of moso bamboo by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The key results revealed that vascular parenchyma could be divided into three categories according to cell geometric morphology: cells with two transverse end walls, cells with one oblique end and one transverse end walls, and cells with two oblique end walls. Additionally, there were two types of thickening patterns of the secondary wall, uniform and reticulate thickening, and both diffuse pitting and opposite-alternate pitting were observed. The average length, width, lumen diameter, double wall thickness, and area of the VPCs were 139.0 μm, 17.3 μm, 10.4 μm, 6.9 μm, and 51.1 μm2, respectively. Most VPCs were slender and thin-walled, and growth of the VPCs was not correlated in either the length or the width directions.
Machine learning as new promising technique for selection of significant features in obese women with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lotfi Hajie , Pirmoradi Saeed , Mahmoudi Rasoul , Teshnehlab Mohammad , Sheervalilou Roghayeh , Fekri Aval Sedigheh , Zarghami Nosratollah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The global trend of obesity and diabetes is considerable. Recently, the early diagnosis and accurate prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have been planned to be estimated according to precise and reliable methods, artificial networks and machine learning (ML).

Materials and methods
In this study, an experimental data set of relevant features (adipocytokines and anthropometric levels) obtained from obese women (diabetic and non-diabetic) was analyzed. Machine learning was used to select significant features [by the separability-correlation measure (SCM) algorithm] for classification of women with the best accuracy and the results were evaluated using an artificial neural network (ANN).

Results
According to the experimental data analysis, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and visfatin level in two groups. Moreover, significant correlations were determined between HbA1c and FBS, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) and insulin, total cholesterol (TC) level and body mass index (BMI) in non-diabetic women and insulin and HOMA, FBS and HbA1c, insulin and HOMA, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), BMI and TC and HbA1c and TC in the diabetic group. Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between adipocytokines except for the resistin and leptin levels for both groups. The excellent (FBS and HbA1c), good (HOMA) and fair (visfatin, adiponectin and insulin) discriminators of diabetic women were determined based on specificities and sensitivities level. The more selected features in the ML method were FBS, apelin, visfatin, TC, HbA1c and adiponectin.

Conclusions
Thus, the subset of features involving FBS, apelin, visfatin and HbA1c are significant features and make the best discrimination between groups. In this study, based on statistical and ML results, the useful biomarkers for discrimination of diabetic women were FBS, HbA1c, HOMA, insulin, visfatin, adiponectin and apelin. Eventually, we designed useful software for identification of T2DM and the healthy population to be utilized in clinical diagnosis.
Increased blood lead level induces oxidative stress and alters the antioxidant status of spray painters
Authors: Kshirsagar Mandakini S. , Patil Jyotsna A. , Patil Arun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to know the present scenario of blood lead level and its effect on serum lipid peroxide and antioxidant parameters of spray painters.

Methods
We included 42 male spray painters and 50 control subjects with an age range of 20–45 years. Blood lead level, serum lipid peroxide and antioxidant parameters, i.e. erythrocyte catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma ceruloplasmin, nitric oxide, uric acid and bilirubin, were quantified by standard methods.

Results
We observed the significant elevated blood lead (p < 0.001, 458%), lipid peroxide (p < 0.001, 170%), uric acid (p < 0.001, 25.6%) and bilirubin (p < 0.01, 24.5%) and the significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes like SOD (p < 0.001, −50.4%), catalase (p < 0.001, −34.33%), ceruloplasmin (p < 0.001, −32.7%) and nitric oxide (p < 0.001, −39.58%) in the study group as compared to control. A significant positive correlation coefficient (r) of blood lead level with lipid peroxide (r = 0.44, p < 0.001), uric acid (r = 0.33 p < 0.05) and bilirubin (r = 0.35, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation with SOD (r = −0.32, p < 0.05), catalase (r = −0.33, p < 0.05), ceruloplasmin (r = −0.27, p < 0.05) and nitric oxide (r = 0.30, p < 0.05) were observed.

Conclusions
Elevated blood lead level induces serum lipid peroxide and alters the antioxidant enzymes of spray painters. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the blood lead level by taking proper precautions while spraying the paints, and additional antioxidant supplementation like vitamin C, multivitamin and multiminerals will be useful in reducing oxidative stress.
Melatonin ameliorates some biochemical alterations following ketoconazole administration in rats
Authors: Olayaki Luqman , Adeyemi Wale , Alabi Quadri , Okeleji Lateef , Shoyoye Adeola , Sampson Elshaddai , Sulaiman Fatima , Abdul-Azeez Abdul-Rahman , Omoniyi Julius 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Ketoconazole (Keto), an antifungal drug and a common therapeutic option in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, is known to cause reproductive dysfunctions. Like Keto, melatonin has antifungal and anticarcinogenic actions. Moreover, the hormone has been used to reverse the damaging effects of different toxicants on the reproductive system. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Keto with/without melatonin on selected biomarkers in rats.

Methods
Forty rats of 10 animals per group were used in this study, which lasted for 6 weeks. The control group was administered with saline (0.1 mL/day), while group 2 was administered with Keto during the last 3 weeks of experiment; however, in groups 3 and 4, Keto was administered during the first 3 weeks; thereafter, they were administered with saline and melatonin, respectively, during the subsequent 3 weeks. Keto and melatonin were administered at 100 and 10 mg/kg b.w./day (p.o.), respectively.

Results
The central effects of Keto are independent of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin; however, relative to the control group, the drug significantly decreased the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GNRH) and the luteinizing hormone (LH), substantiated by the corresponding significant decreases in sperm count and sperm morphology. Keto caused significant elevations in malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and a significant decrease in catalase (CAT) compared with the control group. Moreover, the drug triggered pro-inflammatory events. In group 3 (Keto recovery), MDA and uric acid levels were returned to the baseline (i.e. control), but not GNRH, LH, C-reactive protein (CRP), LDH, and CAT. Treatment with melatonin after Keto administration caused significant increases in FSH, LH, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sperm count, and sperm morphology but significant decreases in MDA and CRP, relative to groups 2 and 3.

Conclusions
Melatonin ameliorates some biochemical alterations following ketoconazole administration.
Toxicological, anticholinesterase, antilipidemic, antidiabetic and antioxidant potentials of Grewia optiva Drummond ex Burret extracts
Authors: Zahoor Muhammad , Bari Wasim Ul , Zeb Alam , Khan Irfan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
In this study, Grewia optiva Drummond ex Burret root extracts were assessed for use as a remedy for oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus and neurological disorders.

Methods
The antioxidative potentials of the extracts were determined using DPPH and ABTS assays, whereas their enzyme inhibitory potentials were determined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In the in vivo experiments, methanol extract was orally administered to mice (n = 5) at four doses of 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg kg–1 for 30 days and its effect on glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, etc. were investigated.

Results
The highest free radical scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals were recorded for the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, and their respective IC50 values were 75 and 88 μg/mL. In addition, these two fractions were highly active in inhibiting AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 120 and 185 μg/mL, respectively. Moderate inhibition (μg/mL) was recorded against α-glucosidase (69.02 ± 1.02 and 64.29 ± 2.41) and α-amylase (65.12 ± 2.02 and 63.29 ± 1.41) and these were comparable to the inhibitory activities exhibited by the standard, acarbose. All the extracts showed high phenolic and flavonoid contents, which correlated with their antioxidant, anticholinesterase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. The phenolic compounds in the crude extract and fractions were determined using the standard HPLC method and bioactive compounds, namely, morin, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl-diglucoside)-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-(caffeoyl-diglucoside)-7-glucoside, etc., which were detected at various retention times. Significant decrease in cholesterol, triglyceride and blood glucose levels were observed.

Conclusion

G. optiva is a good source of antioxidants and other phytochemicals, some of which possess anticholinesterase, anti-glucosidase, and anti-amylase activities, and can be used to treat different health conditions such as oxidative stress, neurological disorders, and diabetes mellitus.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists towards management of hypertension in primary care centers
Authors: Wijaya I Nyoman , Athiyah Umi , Fasich  , Hermansyah Andi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Hypertension is one of the major health problems of the world and one of the most important causes of death in Indonesia. Complication due to hypertension leads to myocardial infarction, stroke, and renal failure. Pharmacist in primary care centers (Puskesmas) plays an important role in the management of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pharmacists working in Puskesmas in Surabaya, Indonesia, towards the management of hypertension.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to July 2019 in 63 Puskesmas in Surabaya. A questionnaire was developed from the literature to assess KAP and administered to the pharmacists. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-17 and presented in terms of descriptive variables. The mean age of the participants was 34.6 ± 4.9 years (24–45 years old), and 82.5% were females. Majority of the respondents (74.6%) had more than 5 years of experience in Puskesmas.

Results
Overall, pharmacists had moderate knowledge, and the majority had good attitude and showed satisfactory practice in the management of hypertension.

Conclusions
There is still a need for continuing education, workshops, and seminars for pharmacists in order to maintain their performance.