bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective environmental exposures correlate differently with recreational and transportation walking: A cross-sectional national study in the Netherlands
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Ettema Dick , Helbich Marco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Walking is a good and simple way to increase people’s energy expenditure, but there is limited evidence whether the neighborhood environment correlates differently with recreational and transportation walking. Aim To investigate how recreational walking and transportation walking are associated with the natural and built environmental characteristics of the living environment in the Netherlands, and examine the differences in their associations between weekdays and weekends. Method and data We extracted the total duration of daily walking (in minutes per person) for recreation and transport from the Dutch National Travel Survey 2015-2017 (N=66,880) and analyzed it as an outcome variable. Objective measures of the natural (i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and meteorological conditions) and built environment (i.e., crossing density, land-use mix, and residential building density) around respondents’ home addresses were determined for buffers with 300, 600, and 1,000 m radii using a geographic information system. To assess associations between recreational and transport walking and the environmental exposures separately, we fitted Tobit regression models to the walking data, adjusted for multiple confounders. Results On weekdays, people living in areas with less NDVI, higher land-use mix, higher residential building density, and higher crossing density were more likely to engage in transportation walking. While recreational walking was negatively associated with NDVI, crossing density, precipitation, and daily average temperature, it was positively associated with residential building density. At weekends, land-use mix supports both recreational and transportation walking. A negative association appeared for NDVI and transportation walking. Daily average rainfall and temperature were inversely correlated with recreational walking. Sensitivity tests indicated that some associations depend on the buffer size. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the built and natural environments have different impacts on people’s recreational and transportation walking. We also found differences in the walking–environment associations between weekdays and weekends. Place-based policies to design walking-friendly neighborhoods may have different implications for different types of walking.
A novel AXIN2 mutation and perinatal risk factors contribute to sagittal craniosynostosis: evidence from a monochorionic diamniotic twin family
Authors: Xu Jin , Yan Qing , Song Chengcheng , Liang Jingjia , Zhao Liang , Zhang Xin , Weng Zhenkun , Xu Cheng , Liu Qian , Xu Shuqin , Pang Lu , Zhang Liye , Sun Yuan , Wang Gang , Gu Aihua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, affects approximately 1 in every 2000-2500 live births. The etiology of sagittal craniosynostosis, the most prevalent form of isolated craniosynostosis, involves interplay between genetic and environmental insults, such as perinatal risk factors. However, the detailed information still remains largely unknown. Methods: The proband, a female monochorionic twin diagnosed with sagittal craniosynostosis, as well as her healthy twin sister and parents, were enrolled in our study. The obstetric medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Genetic cause was investigated by whole exome sequencing (WES) and further confirmed by Sanger sequencing.Results: We identified a novel heterozygous mutation of AXIN2 (c.1181G>A) in monochorionic twins and their father. However, only the proband presented sagittal craniosynostosis. This mutation results in the replacement of Arg at residue 394 by His (p.R394H). Arg 394 is located at the GSK3β binding domain of the AXIN2 protein, which is highly conserved across species. The obstetric medical records revealed that the proband had additional persistent breech presentation and intrauterine growth restriction, except for the perinatal risk factors shared by the twins.Conclusions: Based on the role of AXIN2 in craniosynostosis development and deleterious prediction in silico of AXIN2 (c.1181G>A: p.R394H), we speculate that this particular mutation confers susceptibility to sagittal craniosynostosis, while extra environmental insults are also involved in the pathogenesis of this case. Our findings provide a new evidence for the gene-environment interplay in understanding pathogenesis of craniosynostosis.
Relationship of Common Variants in miR-27a-3p Gene with Susceptibility and Prognosis of Oral Cancer
Authors: Wang Lili , Song Hongguang , Yang Shiming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: miR-27a-3p has been found dysexpressed in various cancers. The aim of the present study was to clarify the prognostic value of miR-27a-3p in patients with oral cancer.Methods: We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay to detect the expression of miR-27a-3p in the tissue of oral cancer and adjacent normal specimens. The association of miR-27a-3p with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed via the Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-27a-3p in oral cancer patients.Results: The down-regulated expression of miR-27a-3p was found in oral cancer tissues compared with the matched noncancerous samples (P<0.05). And its expression was influenced by TNM stage (P=0.032), T stage (P=0.014) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.025). Kaplan–Meier analysis result showed that the decreased level of miR-27a-3p expression was associated with a poor overall survival of oral cancer patients. Additionally, multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that the low expression of miR-27a-3p was an independent prognostic maker in oral cancer patients (HR=0.462, 95% CI=0.223-0.957, P=0.038).Conclusions: Taken together, the expression pattern of miR-27a-3p was decreased in oral cancer tissues. The decreased expression of miR-27a-3p was a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with oral cancer.
Owning a pet is associated with changes in the composition of gut microbiota and could influence the risk of metabolic disorders in humans.
Authors: Arenas-Montes Javier , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Vals-Delgado Cristina , Romero-Cabrera Juan Luis , Cardelo Magdalena P. , Leon-Acuña Ana , Quintana-Navarro Gracia M. , Alcala-Diaz Juan F. , Lopez-Miranda Jose , Camargo Antonio , Perez-Jimenez Francisco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pet ownership positively influences clinical outcomes in cardiovascular prevention. Additionally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been previously linked to microbiota dysbiosis. We evaluated the influence of owning a pet and its relationship with the intestinal microbiota.Methods: We analysed the gut microbiota from 162 coronary patients from the CORDIOPREV study (NCT00924937) according to whether they owned pets (n=83) or not (n=79). The pet owner group was further divided according to whether they owned dogs only (n=28) or not (n=55). A 7-item pet-owners test score was used.Results: Patients who owned pets had less risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (OR=0.462) and obesity (OR=0.519) and were younger (P<0.001) than patients who did not own pets. Additionally, patients who owned dogs had less risk of MetS (OR=0.378) and obesity (OR=0.418) and were younger (P<0.001) than patients who did not own pets. A preponderance of the genera Serratia and Coprococcus was found in the group of owners, while the genera Ruminococcus, an unknown genus of Enterobacteriaceae and Anaerotruncus were preponderant in the group of non-owners. In patients who owned dogs the Methanobrevibacter and two more genera, Coprococcus and Oscillospira, were more common. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the prevalence of MetS and obesity in CVD patients is lower in pet owners, and that pet ownership could be a protective factor against MetS through the shaping of the gut microbiota. Thus, owning a pet could be considered as a protective factor against cardiometabolic diseases.
Knowledge Translation in Africa: Are The Structures in Place?
Authors: Asamani James Avoka , Nabyonga-Orem Juliet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Contextualised evidence to generate local solutions on the progressive path to universal health coverage is important. However, this evidence must be translated into action. Knowledge translation (KT) experts have highlighted plausible mechanisms to foster the uptake of evidence. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which structures are in place to foster uptake of evidence, in countries of the WHO African Region. Methods: Employing a cross sectional survey we collected data on the availability of structures to foster uptake of evidence into policy in the 35 member states of WHO African region. Data were analysed using a simple counting of the presence or absence of such structures. Results: Less than 50% of countries had evidence collation and synthesis mechanisms. The lack of such mechanisms presents a missed opportunity to identify comprehensive solutions that can respond to heath sector challenges. Close to 50% of countries had KT platforms in place. However, the availability of these was in several forms, as an institution-based platform, as an annual event to disseminate evidence and as a series of conferences at the national. In some countries, KTs were mainstreamed into routine health sector performance review processes. Several challenges impacted the functionality of the KT platforms including inadequate funding and lack of dedicated personnel. Regarding dissemination of evidence, sharing reports, scientific publications and one-off presentations in meetings were the main approaches employed. Conclusion: The availability of KT platforms in the WHO African countries can be described as suboptimal at best and non-existent at the worst. The current structures, where these exist, cannot adequately foster KT. Knowledge translation platforms need to be viewed as sector wide platforms and mainstreamed in routing health sector performance review and policy making processes. Funds for their functionality must be planned for as part of the health sector budget. Dissemination of evidence needs to be viewed differently to embrace the concept of “disseminate for impact”. Further, funding for dissemination activities needs to be planned for as part of the evidence generation plan.
Impact of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on In Vitro and In Vivo Radiosensitisation of Cancer Cells
Authors: Russell Emily , Dunne Victoria , Russell Ben , Mohamud Hibaaq , Ghita Mihaela , McMahon Stephen , Butterworth Karl , Schettino Giuseppe , McGarry Conor , Prise Kevin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose The recent implementation of MR-Linacs has highlighted theranostic opportunities of contrast agents in both imaging and radiotherapy. There is a lack of data exploring the potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as radiosensitisers. This study aimed to characterise the uptake and radiobiological effects of SPIONs in tumour cell models in vitro and to provide proof-of-principle application in a xenograft tumour model. Methods SPION uptake was measured using ICP-MS in 6 cancer cell lines; H460, MiaPaCa2, DU145, MCF7, U87 and HEPG2. The impact of SPIONs on radiobiological response was determined by measuring DNA damage using 53BP1 immunofluorescence and cell survival. Measured dose enhancement factors (DEFs) were with the predicted DEFs based on physical absorption estimations. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated using a subcutaneous H460 xenograft tumour model in SCID mice by following intra-tumoural injection of SPIONs. Results SPIONs significantly increased DNA damage in all cell lines with the exception of U87 cells at a dose of 1 Gy, 1 hr post-irradiation. Levels of DNA damage correlated with the cell survival, in which all cell lines except U87 cells showed an increased sensitivity (P < 0.05) in the linear quadratic curve fit for 1 hr exposure to 0.1 mM SPIONs. There was also a 30.1 % increase in the number of DNA damage foci found for HEPG2 cells at 2 Gy. No strong correlation was found between SPION uptake and DNA damage at any dose, yet the biological consequences of SPIONs on radiosensitisation were found to be much greater, with DEFs up to 1.28 ± 0.03, compared with predicted physical dose enhancement levels of 1.0001. In vivo , intra-tumoural injection of SPIONs combined with radiation showed significant tumour growth delay compared to animals treated with radiation or SPIONs alone (p < 0.05). Conclusions SPIONs showed radiosensitising effects in 5 out of 6 cancer cell lines. No correlation was found between the cell-specific uptake of SPIONs into the cells and DNA damage levels. The in vivo study found a significant decrease in the tumour growth rate.
Generation of Inner Ear Sensory Neurons Using Blastocyst Complementation in a Neurog1&nbsp;- Deficient Mouse
Authors: Steevens Aleta R. , Griesbach Matthew W. , You Yun , Dutton James R. , Low Walter C. , Santi Peter A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This research is the first to produce induced pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear sensory neurons in the Neurog1+/− heterozygote mouse using blastocyst complementation. Additionally, this approach corrected non-sensory deficits associated with Neurog1 heterozygosity, indicating that complementation is specific to endogenous Neurog1 function. This work validates the use of blastocyst complementation as a tool to create novel insight into the function of developmental genes and highlights blastocyst complementation as a potential platform for generating inner ear cell types that can be transplanted into damaged inner ears to improve hearing.
Garlic Skin Induced Shifts in the Rumen Microbiome and Metabolome of Fattening Sheep
Authors: Zhu WEN , Su Zhen , Xu Wei , Sun Hanxue , Gao Jinfeng , Tu Danfeng , Ren Chunhuan , Zhang Zijun , Cao Hongguo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Garlic and its constituents exhibit activities on modifying rumen fermentation and improving growth performance. As a by-product of garlic processing, garlic skin contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. However, studies in ruminants using garlic skin are scarce. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on rumen fermentation characterizes, growth performance, and involved mechanism in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned into one of two treatments: basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of gallic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks for adaptation. Results: The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than that in the control group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices. Increased (P < 0.05) abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, Methanosphaera but a decreased (P < 0.05) abundance of Fretibacterium were observed in GAS-fed lambs. Besides, the garlic skin supplementation favorably regulated (P < 0.05) pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin B6 and B1 metabolism. Moreover, high correlations were observed between fluctuant rumen microbiota and metabolites. Conclusions: Supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of sheep by modifying rumen fermentation through inducing shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.
A New Method for the Empirical Conversion of Logging Data to Clay Mineral Fraction in the Nankai Accretionary Prism
Authors: Yabe Suguru , Fukuchi Rina , Hamada Yohei , Kimura Gaku 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sediment lithology, especially the clay mineral fraction, is basic geologic information, which is important for understanding faulting and evolutionary process of the accretionary prism. During scientific drilling, the clay mineral fraction is measured using X-ray diffraction analyses of samples from the acquired cores. However, coring in an accretionary prism is sometimes difficult, which hinders the acquisition of clay mineral fraction data. This study details the development of a new method used to empirically estimate the clay mineral fraction from the electrical resistivity and natural gamma ray logs obtained from the Kumano section of the Nankai Tough, where multiple scientific drilling expeditions have been conducted. This method is composed of two steps. First, porosity is estimated using electrical resistivity logs. In order to compensate for the effect of porosity, the natural gamma ray logs are then normalized using (1 – porosity). Second, the normalized natural gamma ray logs are converted into clay mineral fractions using an empirical conversion function. This empirical function was determined by comparing all available normalized natural gamma ray logs and clay mineral fractions data collected from the Kumano section of the Nankai Trough. As a byproduct of the porosity estimations, thermal conductivity and temperature depth profiles were also estimated for all of the logging sites. As electrical resistivity logs and natural gamma ray logs are essential measurements made during scientific drilling, this new method can be applied to future drilling expeditions in the Nankai Trough. Although the empirical conversion function established in this study is valid only at the Kumano section of the Nankai trough, the same procedure can be applicable to other subduction zones to establish local empirical conversion functions if enough data are available. The clay mineral fraction depth profile estimated using this method can provide useful information for various geological studies, including sedimentology and structural geology of the shallow accretionary prism.
IP-10 and MCP-1 as biomarkers predicting disease severity of COVID-19
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Jinglan , Liu Chenxi , Su Longxiang , Zhang Dong , Fan Junping , Yang Yanli , Xiao Meng , Xie Jing , Xu Yingchun , Li Yongzhe , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:
COVID-19 is a viral respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with this disease may be more prone to venous or arterial thrombosis because of the activation of many factors involved in it, including inflammation, platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, this study focused on coagulation and thrombosis-related indicators (IP-10, MCP-1 and MIP1a) in COVID-19, with the hope to find biomarkers that can predict patients’ outcome.
Methods:
This is a retrospective single-center study involving 74 severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients recruited from the ICU department of the Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. The patients were divided into two groups: severe patients and critically ill patients. The serum IP-10, MCP-1 and MIP1a level in both groups was detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The clinical symptoms, laboratory test results and the outcome of COVID-19 patients were retrospectively analyzed.
Results:
The serum IP-10 and MCP-1 level in critically ill patients was significantly higher than that in severe patients (P < 0.001). However, no statistical difference in MIP1a between the two groups was found. The analysis of dynamic changes showed that these indicators remarkably increased in patients with poor prognosis. Since the selected patients were severe or critically ill, no significant difference was observed between survival and death.
Conclusions:
IP-10 and MCP-1 are biomarkers predicting the severity of COVID-19 disease and could be related to the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. In addition, anti-IP-10 antibody treatment may represent a new approach in COVID-19 patients, especially the ones with thrombotic events.
A complex intervention to improve intercultural communication and Aboriginal patient outcomes: which components worked?
Authors: Ralph Anna P , Kerrigan Vicki , Castillon Craig , Mithen Vincent , O'Connor Elise , Hansen Martin , Keilor Natasha , Aitken Robyn , Madrill Gail , Roman Curtis , Cass Alan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Aboriginal language interpreters are under-utilised in healthcare in northern Australia. Self-discharge from hospital is an adverse outcome occurring at high rates among Aboriginal people, with poor communication thought to be a contributor. We previously reported increased Aboriginal interpreter uptake and decreased rates of self-discharge during implementation of a 12-month hospital-based intervention. Interrupted time-series analysis showed sudden increase and up-trending improvement in interpreter use, and a corresponding decrease in self-discharge rates, during a 12-month intervention period (April 2018 - March 2019) compared with a 24-month baseline period (April 2016 – March 2018). This paper aims to explore reasons for these outcomes, and further explore the likelihood of a causal association between study activities and outcomes.
Methods

We used the ‘Template for Intervention Description and Replication’ (TIDieR) as a framework to describe intervention components and evaluate their relative importance. Information on intercurrent activities that may have contaminated study findings was reviewed. The relationship between proportion of hospital separations among Aboriginal people ending in self-discharge and numbers of Aboriginal interpreter bookings made during April 2016-March 2019 was tested using linear regression.
Results

One full-time Aboriginal Interpreter Coordinator was employed for the intervention period who identified language needs, promoted interpreter use and mentored interpreters. The intervention period start date corresponded with commencement of this role. Three ‘Working with Interpreter’ training sessions were held during the intervention period reaching 83 clinicians, and three medical officers volunteered as champions of interpreter use in hospital practice. Employment of the Aboriginal Interpreter Coordinator was deemed the most important component of the intervention, based on reach compared to the other components and timing of the changes in outcomes. There was an inverse association between interpreter bookings and self-discharge rate among Aboriginal inpatients (p = 0.02). This association, the timing of changes and assessment of intercurrent activities at the hospital indicated that the study intervention was likely to be casually related to the measured outcomes.
Conclusions

Communication in healthcare can be improved through targeted strategies, with associated improvements in patient outcomes. Health services with high interpreter needs would benefit from employing an interpreter coordinator.
Preparedness and Approaches of Health Care Providers to Tackle the Transmission of COVID-19 Among South Gondar Zone Hospitals, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2020.
Authors: Ambie Minale Bezie , Belay Habtamu Gebrehana , Sewyew Dagne Addisu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: Preparedness and approaches of health care providers to tackle the transmission of covid-19 among South Gondar zonal hospitals 2020Result: In this study a total of 422 health providers were interviewed from south Gondar zonal hospitals and overall response rate was 100%. The mean range 35 ± 6 and minimum and maximum ranges of age were between 23 to 50 years and more than three fourth of the providers age range was > 35 years. Regarding professions 203(48.1%), 112(26.5%) were nurses and midwifes respectively. The result over all was not good; people were not prepared preparedness of essential materials, equipments including psychological buildings of health providers in each hospital.