bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending a database system with procedures
Authors: Stonebraker Michael , Anton Jeff , Hanson Eric 
Published: July 2002

This paper suggests that more powerful database systems (DBMS) can be built by supporting database procedures as full-fledged database objects. In particular, allowing fields of a database to be a collection of queries in the query language of the system is shown to allow the natural expression of complex data relationships. Moreover, many of the features present in object-oriented systems and semantic data models can be supported by this facility.
In order to implement this construct, extensions to a typical relational query language must be made, and considerable work on the execution engine of the underlying DBMS must be accomplished. This paper reports on the extensions for one particular query language and data manager and then gives performance figures for a prototype implementation. Even though the performance of the prototype is competitive with that of a conventional system, suggestions for improvement are presented.
On the design of relational database schemata
Authors: Zaniolo Carlo , Meklanoff Miachel A. 
Published: July 2002

The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to the conceptual design of relational databases based on the complete relatability conditions (CRCs).
It is shown that current database design methodology based upon the elimination of anomalies is not adequate. In contradistinction, the CRCs are shown to provide a powerful criticism for decomposition. A decomposition algorithm is presented which (1) permits decomposition of complex relations into simple, well-defined primitives, (2) preserves all the original information, and (3) minimizes redundancy.
The paper gives a complete derivation of the CRCs, beginning with a unified treatment of functional and multivalued dependencies, and introduces the concept of elementary functional dependencies and multiple elementary multivalued dependencies. Admissibility of covers and validation of results are also discussed, and it is shown how these concepts may be used to improve the design of 3NF schemata. Finally, a convenient graphical representation is proposed, and several examples are described in detail to illustrate the method.
Optimal partial-match retrieval when fields are independently specified
Authors: Aho Alfred V. , Ullman Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2002

This paper considers the design of a system to answer partial-match queries from a file containing a collection of records, each record consisting of a sequence of fields. A partial-match query is a specification of values for zero or more fields of a record, and the answer to a query is a listing of all records in the file whose fields match the specified values.
A design is considered in which the file is stored in a set of bins. A formula is derived for the optimal number of bits in a bin address to assign to each field, assuming the probability that a given field is specified in a query is independent of what other fields are specified. Implications of the optimality criterion on the size of bins are also discussed.
The correctness of concurrency control mechanisms in a system for distributed databases (SDD-1)
Authors: Bernstein Philip A. , Shipman David W. 
Published: July 2002

This paper presents a formal analysis of the concurrency control strategy of SDD-1. SDD-1, a System for Distributed Databases, is a prototype distributed database system being developed by Computer Corporation of America. In SDD-1, portions of data distributed throughout a network may be replicated at multiple sites. The SDD-1 concurrency control guarantees database consistency in the face of such distribution and replication.
This paper is one of a series of companion papers on SDD-1 [2, 8].
A model of shared DASD and multipathing
Authors: Bard Yonathan 
Published: July 2002

This paper presents a model of an I/O subsystem in which devices can be accessed from multiple CPUs and/or via alternative channel and control unit paths. The model estimates access response times, given access rates for all CPU-device combinations. Central to the model's algorithm is the estimation of the rotational position sensing (RPS) miss probabilities by means of the maximum entropy principle.
Performance differences strongly favored the English-based editor.
MOLECULES IN OPTICAL, ELECTRIC, AND MAGNETIC FIELDS: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Buckingham A. D. 
Published: July 2002

[Figure: see text] ▪ Abstract  Physical chemistry and theoretical chemistry have advanced over the past 50 years from being largely qualitative to having a mature status based firmly on the principles of quantum and statistical mechanics. My interest in the chemical elements and their compounds has prompted me to learn more about the nature of matter through the measurement and interpretation of optical, electric, and magnetic properties of molecules. In addition to holding intrinsic interest, such properties tell us about charge and current distributions and form the basis of electro-optics, magneto-optics, and nonlinear optics. They also help us understand the nature and strength of long-range intermolecular forces, the hydrogen bond, and molecular biology—topics that are apparently forever young.
An Interpretation of Plato's Cratylus
Authors: Keller Simon 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPlato's main concern in the Cratylus, I claim, is to argue against the idea that we can learn about things by examining their names, and in favour of the claim that philosophers should, so far as possible, look to the things themselves. Other philosophical questions, such as that of whether we should accept a naturalist or a conventionalist theory of namng, arise in the dialogue, but are subordinate. This reading of the Cratylus, I say, explains certain puzzling facts about the dialogue's structure and dramatic emphasis, as well as making the dialogue look better on philosophical grounds. In support of my claim, I argue that Hermogenes' conventionalist theory of naming is quite sensible, and is not refuted by Socrates; that the main purpose of the etymological section is to undermine our con dence in etymology as a form of philosophical enquiry; and that the apparently tangential and inconclusive discussions in the nal section of the dialogue are best understood as illustrations of Plato's thesis about philosophical methodology.
EINE LITERARISCHE ANALYSE VON PSALM CXIV
Authors: Bauer Uwe 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDie vorliegende literarische Analyse des cxiv. Psalms enthält zwei Teile (I/II): eine intratextuelle und eine intertextuelle Analyse. I: Nach der Feststellung des poetischen Charakters des Psalms anhand von Kriterien Niccaccis folgt eine makro- und eine mikropoetologische Untersuchung des gesamten Psalms sowie seiner vier Strophen, die die bisherigen poetologischen Untersuchungen (u. a. von Geller und Prinsloo) diskutiert und weiterführt. II: Nach einer Definition von Inter- bzw. Palintextualität (Stocker) werden dann die Beziehungen des Psalm zu anderen Texten innerhalb der Hebräischen Bibel untersucht. Ergebnis ist u. a., dass der Psalm zum Genre der präsentischen JhwhKönigs-Psalmen zu rechnen ist und dass es thematisch um den Antritt der Königsherrschaft Jhwhs sowohl über Israel als auch über die ganze Erde geht (Partikularismus → Universalismus).
SPECULATIVE HUNTING BY AN ARANEOPHAGIC SALTICID SPIDER
Authors: Clark Robert , Harland Duane , Jackson Robert 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Portia fimbriata, an araneophagic jumping spider (Salticidae), makes undirected leaps (erratic leaping with no particular target being evident) in the presence of chemical cues from Jacksonoides queenslandicus, another salticid and a common prey of P.fimbriata. Whether undirected leaping by P.fimbriata functions as hunting by speculation is investigated experimentally. Our first hypothesis, that undirected leaps provoke movement by J. queenslandicus, was investigated using living P.fimbriata and three types of lures made from dead, dry arthropods (P.fimbriata, J. queenslandicus and Musca domestica). When a living P.fimbriata made undirected leaps or a spring-driven device made the lures suddenly move up and down, simulating undirected leaping, J. queenslandicus responded by waving its palps and starting to walk. There was no statistical evidence that the species from which the lure was made influenced J. queenslandicus' response in these tests. Our second hypothesis, that J. queenslandicus reaction to J. queenslandicus when J. queenslandicus reacted to lures simulating undirected leaping. In these tests, P.fimbriata responded by turning toward J. queenslandicus and waving its palps.
Crystal structure of mattheddleite: a Pb, S, Si phase with the apatite structure
Authors: Steele I. M. , Pluth J. J. , Livingstone A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe crystal structure of mattheddleite (Pb5(Si1.5S1.5)O12(Cl0.57OH0.43), P63/m, a = 10.0056(6), c = 7.4960(9) Å) from Leadhills, Scotland has been determined to R = 0.065. The structure is that of apatite where Pb replaces Ca, equal amounts of S and Si replace P and the X anion is OH + Cl. The composition deduced from the structural refinement differs from that of microprobe analyses by giving full occupancy of the tetrahedral site and equal Si and S to preserve charge balance. We conclude that the microprobe analysis is incorrect possibly due to large and inaccurate absorption corrections. For the crystal analysed, the X anion position is zoned from an OH-rich interior to a Cl-rich exterior. The Pb(2) atom is disordered which may be analogous to the disordering of the Ca(2) site in Cl-rich, Ca apatites.
Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia: relationship to erythrocyte adhesion markers and adhesion
Authors: Setty B. N. Yamaja , Kulkarni Surekha , Dampier Carlton D. , Stuart Marie J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
To assess whether fetal hemoglobin (HbF) modulates the adhesion of sickle erythrocytes to endothelium, children with homozygous sickle cell anemia (SS disease) were studied, using this physiologically crucial period to evaluate the relationships between HbF and the major erythrocyte adhesion markers. The mean level of CD36+ erythrocytes was 2.59% ± 2.15% (± SD, n = 40) with an inverse relationship between CD36 positivity and F cells (R = −0.76, P &lt; .000 00 002). In univariate analyses, significant correlations with various hematologic parameters and age were noted. Multiple regression analyses, however, revealed a relationship solely with F cells. Minimal levels of very late activation antigen-4+ (VLA4+) erythrocytes (0.31% ± 0.45%, n = 40) with relationships similar to those noted for CD36+ cells were also observed. The subpopulation of strongly adhesive stress reticulocytes was further assessed, using CD71 as their marker. The mean level of CD71+ erythrocytes was 5.81% ± 4.21%, with statistical correlates in univariate and multivariate analyses similar to those discussed above. When adhesion ratios were evaluated, inverse correlations were noted between basal and plasma-induced adhesion and F-cell numbers (R = −0.54, P &lt; .0005;R = −0.53, P &lt; .0006, n = 39). In addition, in analyses where basal or plasma-induced adhesion was the dependent variable and the independent variables included F cells and the various adhesion-related parameters, significant relationships solely with F cells were noted. The results demonstrate that SS patients with higher levels of F cells have concomitant decreases in the numbers of CD36+, VLA4+, and CD71+ erythrocytes and that these findings translate into less adherent erythrocytes. These findings extend knowledge regarding the protective effects of HbF in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease.
Neurobehavioural, neurochemical and electrophysiological studies in 6‐hydroxydopamine lesioned and neural transplanted rats
Authors: Agrawal A.K. , Husain R. , Raghubir R. , Kumar Ashok , Seth P.K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractUnilateral injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) into the caudate nucleus of rat caused degeneration of dopaminergic terminals, evidenced by significant (P⊂0.05) elevation of spontaneous and drug‐induced motor behaviour, enhanced DA receptor binding and significant increase in the neuronal firing rate of caudate neurons, suggesting supersensitivity of dopaminergic receptors. Eight weeks following the transplantation of embryonic cell suspensions from caudate at the lesioned site, a significant restoration of the enhanced 3H spiperone binding and neuronal activity of caudate neurons was observed in comparison with lesioned rats.These results clearly demonstrate that transplanted embryonic neuronal tissue at the lesioned site is capable of restoring the neuronal deficits caused by 6‐OHDA as evidenced by significant amelioration in neurochemical, behavioral and electrophysiological alterations.
Isolation and characterization of mutations affecting expression of the Δ9‐ fatty acid desaturase gene, OLE1, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Fujimori Ko , Anamnart Sarintip , Nakagawa Youji , Sugioka Shigemi , Ohta Daisaku , Oshima Yasuji , Yamada Yasuhiro , Harashima Satoshi 
Published: July 2002

Expression of the Δ9‐ fatty acid desaturase gene, OLE1, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is negatively regulated transcriptionally and post‐transcriptionally by unsaturated fatty acids. In order to isolate mutants exhibiting irregulation of OLE1 expression, we constructed an OLE1p–PHO5 fusion gene as a reporter consisting of the PHO5 gene encoding repressible acid phosphatase (rAPase) under the control of the OLE1 promoter (OLE1p). By EMS mutagenesis, we isolated three classes of mutants, pfo1, pfo2 and pfo3 (ositive regulatory actor for
LE1) mutants, which show decreased rAPase activity under derepression conditions (absence of oleic acid). Analysis of the transcription of OLE1 in these pfo mutants revealed that pfo1 and pfo3 mutants have a defect in the regulation of OLE1 expression at the transcriptional level while pfo2 mutants were suggested to have a mutation affecting OLE1 expression at a post‐transcriptional step. In addition, four other classes of mutants, nfo1, nfo2, nfo3 and nfo4 (egative actor for
LE1) mutants that have mutations causing strong expression of the OLE1p–PHO5 fusion gene under repression conditions (presence of oleic acid), were isolated. Results of Northern analysis of OLE1 as well as OLE1p‐PHO5 transcripts in nfo mutants suggested that these mutations occurred in genes encoding global repressors. We also demonstrated that TUP1 and SSN6 gene products are required for full repression of OLE1 gene expression, by showing that either tup1 or ssn6 mutations greatly increase the level of the OLE1 transcript.
A randomized controlled trial of low‐dose aspirin in women at risk from pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Byaruhanga R.N , Chipato T , Rusakaniko S 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To determine whether low‐dose aspirin reduces the incidence of pre‐eclampsia, reduces perinatal mortality and improves birth weights in pregnant women considered at high risk of developing pre‐eclampsia. Method: Two‐hundred fifty subjects were recruited from the antenatal clinics at Harare Central Hospital with either a previous history of pregnancy‐induced hypertension or pre‐existing chronic hypertension and were randomized to receive either 75 mg of aspirin (ASA) or placebo (PLA). Results: Two‐hundred thirty subjects (ASA, n=113; PLA, n=117) completed the trial. The odds of developing pre‐eclampsia for those on aspirin was 0.72 times those on placebo (95% CI, 0.34–1.52). The mean birth weight was 2774 g for those on aspirin and 2694 g for those on placebo (P=0.80). No difference was noted in the perinatal deaths (OR=0.38; 95% CI, 0.10–1.20). Conclusion: Prophylactic use of aspirin was not associated with a significant effect on the major pregnancy outcomes assessed in this study.
pN collagen type III within tendon grafts used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Sluss J. R. , Liberti J. P. , Jiranek W. A. , Wayne J. S. , Zuelzer W. A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study measured the amount of immature collagen type III present in tendon rafts obtained from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. These values were compared with those obtained from control grafts typically used for reconstruction — Achilles, patellar, and fascia lata — and also to the normal ACL. Analyses were performed using a commercially available radio‐immunoassay (RIA). The RIA made use of a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific to the amino terminus of procollagen type III. The specificity of the Ab was confirmed by a western blot. Fibril diameter of each of the above samples was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We thus were able to determine if there was a relationship between pN collagen III content and fibril diameter.The mean amount of pN collagen type III in the normal tendon control group was 0.8 ± 0.3 ng/μg total protein (range 0.0–2.5 ng/μg). There was significantly greater pN collagen III (16 ± 3.7 ng/μg total protein) in the grafts containing an average fibril diameter <55 nm than in the normal tendons or ACL (P < 0.05). Grafts with an average fibril diameter >55 nm had similar levels of pN collagen III (1.0 ± 0.79 ng/μg) as the controls. There was also significantly less pN‐collagen III within the functional grafts (5.3 ± 1.9 ng/μg) as compared to failed grafts, (21.6 ± 5.1 ng/μg, P < 0.05).These results indicate that incomplete processing of procollagen III may be responsible for some of the ultrastructural alterations seen in tendon grafts. Since ultrastructural organization is believed to influence mechanical properties of these tissues, pN collagen III levels may be a possible indicator of ligament or tendon weakness. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Punlished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Illusive transience of parvalbumin expression duringembryonic development of the primate spinal cord
Authors: Knyihár‐csillik Elizabeth , Rakic Pasko , Csillik Bertalan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractParvalbumin has been located by pre‐embedding light‐ and electron microscopicimmuno histochemical techniques in the spinal cords of monkey fetuses (Macaca fasciculata),ranging from E70 to E 123, and in young (P20) and young adult (3 years) Macaque monkeys.During the time window investigated, the main developmental events of parvalbumin‐containingneural elements are that parvalbumin‐positive dorsal root collaterals establish intercellularnetworks first around nerve cells of Clarkes nucleus, then in the motoneuron pool and finally inthe upper dorsal horn. In each of these areas, location of the parvalbumin‐positive network isgradually shifted from medial to lateral. Whenever an intercellular network is established, nervecells innervated by parvalbumin‐positive terminals of dorsal root collaterals start to expressparvalbumin. Immunoreactivity of dorsal root axons is transient ; it disappears first from theintercellular networks and, afterwards, also from the dorsal columns. However, the pericellularsynaptic terminals and their post‐synaptic nerve cells express parvalbumin into adulthood.It is concluded that some of the large (Type A) dorsal root ganglion cells are the first onesin the spinal reflex pathway to express parvalbumin, which is elicited and gradually increased innerve cells synaptically innervated by parvalbumin‐positive axon terminals. This seems torepresent a specific case of activation (or desinhibiton) of the genome. Apparent transience ofparvalbumin is due to the specific geometry of primary sensory neurons equipped with extremelylong axonal processes, and the consequent specialities of axonal transport characteristics.
Correlations between standard auditory evoked potentials and symptomatology in a group of 50 schizophrenic patients
Authors: Bougerol T , Benraiss A , Scotto JC 
Published: July 2002

SummaryStandard auditory evoked potentials (AEP) were recorded in 50 schizophrenic patients and 47 normal controls. All patients were rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and were classified in three groups (positive-type [n = 10], negative-type [n = 23]and mixed-type [n = 17]patients) according to the normative criteria suggested by Kay. The mean latencies of AEP components (N1, P2, N2) and mean peak-to-peak amplitudes (N1P2, P2N2) did not correlate with age, duration of illness, length of hospitalisation or neuroleptic dosage. The evoked response did not differ between the three groups of patients (positive, negative and mixed). There was only a trend (P = 0.075) to a longer N1 latency in the negative-type group and a shorter one in the positive-type group than in the mixed-type and the control groups. The latency of N1 component correlated significantly with negative symptoms of schizophrenia (SANS scores). This correlation was related to the severity of a depressive dimension of the disorder reflected by the “depressive factor” of BPRS or “affective flattening” and “avolition” subscales of SANS.
Diversity and Functional Dynamics of Fleshy Fruit Abscission Zones
Authors: Tranbarger Timothy J. , Tadeo Francisco R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examine the current knowledge about the abscission of fleshy fruit, in particular with regards to the development and function of the abscission zone (AZ). While tomato is currently the main model species to elucidate the mechanisms of fleshy fruit abscission, most studies on tomato focus on the development and function of the pedicel AZ, which is involved in both flower and ripe fruit abscission. However, the localization of the AZ within the pedicel is not the most common location of the AZ for fleshy fruit. Fleshy fruit can have one or more AZ, which can be found in different locations within the inflorescence and fruiting structure and fulfil different functions. In fact, most of the fleshy fruit species examined thus far have more than one AZ, which can be found at the boundary between the fruit and pedicel (often referred to as the calyx AZ), within the pedicel as with tomato, at the juncture of the pedicel and peduncle or at the juncture between peduncle and shoot/branch. In addition, the different AZs may be activated or function at different stages of development, under different environmental conditions, or have a completely different purpose, such as the abscission of fruitlets or mature fruit. Together, our current knowledge about AZs suggests that while there are similarities between different AZs in different locations or from different species, not all AZs are created equal, which may be reflected in the underlying molecular mechanisms that control their development and function.
Maize Nodal Roots
Authors: Blizard Sarah , Sparks Erin E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Plant root systems are critical to plant health and productivity, but have been difficult to study due to their subterranean location. From the studies that have been completed, there is evidence that root type matters for both developmental mechanisms and root function. Roots can be divided into different types based on the plant grouping (eudicot versus monocot) or developmental point of origin (embryonic versus post‐embryonic). This article focuses on the post‐embryonic nodal roots of the monocot
Zea mays
(maize). Maize is the number one cultivated cereal crop worldwide, yet there is limited knowledge about the mature root system. This article presents what is known about the anatomy, morphology, genetic and molecular mechanisms, and environmental factors of maize nodal root development, as well as the current state of knowledge for nodal root function including water and nutrient uptake, symbioses, and lodging resistance. As the world population grows and the climate changes, maize nodal root development and function is one area that can be targeted to improve yield and stress resilience.