bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous full-thickness retinal transplant for refractory large macular holes
Authors: Rojas-Juárez Sergio , Cisneros-Cortés Javier , Ramirez-Estudillo Abel , Velez-Montoya Raul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the constant refinement of techniques and surgical aids, extremely large and refractory macular holes continue to have poor surgical outcomes with the current standard of care. The objective of the present study is to assess the anatomical and functional outcomes, as well as the structural change through time, of the optical coherence tomography of patients with refractory macular holes treated with a full-thickness autologous retinal transplant.MethodsProspective, case series. We include patients with a clinical diagnosis of refractory macular holes with a minimum diameter of at least 500 µm. All the patients had a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, which included a best-corrected visual acuity assessment, fundus examination, and optical coherence analysis. All the patients underwent a 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with a full-thickness retinal transplant and silicone oil tamponade (5000 cs<). Follow-up was done at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Statistical analysis was done with a test for repeated measurements and Bonferroni correction, with an alpha value of 0.05 for statistical significance and a Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric continuous variables.ResultsWe enrolled 13 eyes from 13 patients (mean age: 67.15 years) with refractory macular holes, with a mean base diameter of 1615.38 ± 689.19 µm and a minimum diameter of 964.08 ± 709.77 µm. The closure rate after 12 months of follow-up was 76.92%. Six patients with a closed macular hole at the end of the follow-up had complete recovery of the myoid/ellipsoid layer. The remaining showed a 44.9% reduction of the initial gap. Most patients formed a pseudofovea and normalization of the internal retinal layers. Despite a positive trend toward visual recovery (p = 0.034), after the correction of the alpha value, the change lost its statistical significance. During follow-up, one patient developed mild proliferative vitreoretinopathy and epiretinal membrane without anatomical or functional consequences.ConclusionsAn autologous full-thickness retinal transplant may improve the anatomical and structural outcome of patients with refractory macular holes. The full safety profile of this new technique is still unknown. More studies are needed in order to assess functional changes through time.
Optimization of community-led 3D printing for the production of protective face shields
Authors: Zhang Peter Chengming , Ahmed Yousuf , Hussein Isra M. , Afenu Edem , Feasson Manon , Daud Anser 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs the healthcare system faced an acute shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of 3D printing technologies became an innovative method of increasing production capacity to meet this acute need. Due to the emergence of a large number of 3D printed face shield designs and community-led PPE printing initiatives, this case study examines the methods and design best optimized for community printers who may not have the resources or experience to conduct such a thorough analysis.Case presentationWe present the optimization of the production of 3D printed face shields by community 3D printers, as part of an initiative aimed at producing PPE for healthcare workers. The face shield frames were manufactured using the 3DVerkstan design and were coupled with an acetate sheet to assemble a complete face shield. Rigorous quality assurance and decontamination protocols ensured community-printed PPE was satisfactory for healthcare use.ConclusionAdditive manufacturing is a promising method of producing adequate face shields for frontline health workers because of its versatility and quick up-start time. The optimization of stacking and sanitization protocols allowed 3D printing to feasibly supplement formal public health responses in the face of a global pandemic.
Mid-term (2009-2019) demographic dynamics of young beech forest in Albongbunji Basin, Ulleungdo, South Korea
Authors: Cho Yong-Chan , Sim Hyung Seok , Jung Songhie , Kim Han-Gyeoul , Kim Jun-Soo , Bae Kwan-Ho 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The stem exclusion stage is a stage of forest development that is important for understanding the subsequent understory reinitiation stage and maturation stage during which horizontal heterogeneity is formed. Over the past 11 years (2009–2019), we observed a deciduous broad-leaved forest in the Albongbunji Basin in Ulleungdo, South Korea in its stem exclusion stage, where Fagus engleriana (Engler’s beech) is the dominant species, thereby analyzing the changes in the structure (density and size distributions), function (biomass and species richness), and demographics.

Results
The mean stem density data presented a bell-shaped curve with initially increasing, peaking, and subsequently decreasing trends in stem density over time, and the mean biomass data showed a sigmoidal pattern indicating that the rate of biomass accumulation slowed over time. Changes in the density and biomass of Fagus engleriana showed a similar trend to the changes in density and biomass at the community level, which is indicative of the strong influence of this species on the changing patterns of forest structure and function. Around 2015, a shift between recruitment and mortality rates was observed. Deterministic processes were the predominant cause of tree mortality in our study; however, soil deposition that began in 2017 in some of the quadrats resulted in an increase in the contribution of stochastic processes (15% in 2019) to tree mortality. The development of horizontal heterogeneity was observed in forest gaps.

Conclusions
Our observations showed a dramatic shift between the recruitment and mortality rates in the stem exclusion stage, and that disturbance increases the uncertainty in forest development increases. The minor changes in species composition are likely linked to regional species pool and the limited role of the life-history strategy of species such as shade tolerance and habitat affinity. Our midterm records of ecological succession exhibited detailed demographic dynamics and contributed to the improvement of an ecological perspective in the stem exclusion stage.
A brief review of the neurological manifestations of the coronavirus disease
Authors: Unnithan Ajaya Kumar Ayyappan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
It has been demonstrated experimentally that the coronavirus can enter the central nervous system through olfactory nerves and can even reach medulla. Neurological manifestations are observed more frequently in patients with coronavirus disease.

Main text
The aim of the review is to seek evidence for infection of the nervous system by the human coronavirus and study the neurological manifestations of the coronavirus and its treatment. A search was done in PubMed, Google Scholar, CrossRef, and Scopus. There is evidence for the coronavirus infection of the nervous system from experimental studies, autopsy reports, and clinical studies. The virus can damage the nervous system either by direct viral damage to the neural cells or by immunopathology. Cerebral edema, neuronal degeneration, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain–Barré Syndrome, Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis, Miller Fisher syndrome, polyneuritis, toxic encephalopathy, and stroke can occur. The coronavirus has been demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction technique in infected patients. The abnormalities of the coagulation system increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease. Chloroquine analogs, lopinavir/ritonavir combination, remdesivir, dexamethasone, and immunoglobulin have been shown to be useful for the treatment.

Conclusion
There is substantial evidence for infection of the nervous system by the different strains of the human coronavirus. The coronavirus enters the nervous system either by the blood or from the olfactory nerves. The neurological diseases correlate with the severity of the coronavirus disease. The treatment is mainly supportive. The reports of patients with encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and brainstem encephalitis show slow recovery. But a stroke has a high mortality.
Evaluation of real-time tracheal ultrasound versus colorimetric capnography as a point of care tool for confirmation of endotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Abdelrahman Tamer Nabil , Abdelhameed Gamal A. , Armanious Simon H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndotracheal intubation is essential for optimal airway control during general anesthesia or resuscitation of critically ill patients. Misplacement of the endotracheal tube (ETT) can lead to devastating, preventable morbidity and mortality. Colorimetric carbon dioxide detectors are considered a simplistic mainstream capnography that contains a pH-sensitive chemical marker that is prone to color change with ventilation. Real-time tracheal ultrasound allows for the dynamic observation of tube passage through the trachea or the esophagus, providing immediate confirmation of placement prior to any ventilation attempts with reported sensitivity/specificity of 100% for adult patients in the operating room.We aimed to compare two different techniques (tracheal real-time ultrasound vs colorimetric capnography) as point of care tools for confirmation of correct endotracheal tube position.ResultsThis study carried out on eligible seventy patients undergoing general anesthesia. Patients were divided randomly and equally into two groups (35 patients each). Group A in which patients’ ETT position was confirmed by real-time tracheal ultrasound and group B in which patients’ ETT position was confirmed by colorimetric capnography. Comparing both groups according to their diagnostic performance for detecting the correct position of the ETT inserted showed the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of real-time tracheal ultrasound vs colorimetric capnography (93.8%, 66.7%, and 91.4% VS 97%, 50%, and 94.3% respectively). Although there were higher sensitivity and accuracy of colorimetric capnography than real-time tracheal ultrasound, thepvalue between the two groups was 0.462.ConclusionBoth tools are fast, effective, reliable, and accurate with many advantages and few disadvantages including the need for training on ultrasound practice and air-filled stomach in colorimetric capnography. However, these disadvantages can be easily overruled and the benefits from both tools overweigh their disadvantages.
Cardiac catheterization addressing early post-operative complications in congenital heart surgery—a single-center experience
Authors: Bahaidarah Saud , Al-Ata Jameel , Abdelmohsen Gaser , Alkhushi Naif , Abdelsalam Mohamed , Mujahed Mohammed , Al-Radi Osman , Elassal Ahmed , Zaher Zaher , Azhar Ahmad , Dohain Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery may play an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with a complicated or unusual post-operative course. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and outcome of cardiac catheterization performed in the early post-operative period following congenital heart surgery. All patients who underwent cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery during the same admission of cardiac surgery from November 2015 to May 2018 were included in the study.

Results
Thirty procedures were performed for 27 patients (20 interventional and 10 diagnostic). The median age of the patients was 15 months (15 days to 20 years), median weight was 8.2 kg (3.4 to 53 kg), and median time from surgery was 3 days (0–32 days). Eleven procedures were performed for 11 patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The main indications for catheterization included the inability to wean from ECMO (10 procedures) and cyanosis (10 procedures). Interventional procedures included angioplasty using stents (10 procedures, success rate of 90%), angioplasty using only balloons (2 procedures, success rate of 50%), and occlusion for residual shunts (8 procedures, success rate of 100%). No mortality was recorded during any procedure. Vasoactive–inotropic score had significantly decreased 48 h after catheterization when compared to pre-catheterization scores (p = 0.0001). Moreover, 72% of patients connected to ECMO support were successfully weaned from ECMO after catheterization. Procedural complications were recorded in 3 interventional procedures. Survival to hospital discharge was 55.5% and overall survival was 52%. Patients on ECMO support had a higher mortality than other patients.

Conclusion
Cardiac catheterization can be performed safely in the early post-operative period, and it could improve the outcome of the patient (depending on the complexity of the cardiac lesions involved).
Exploring the relationship of sleep quality with drug use and substance abuse among university students: a cross-cultural study
Authors: Fadhel Fahmi Hassan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a growing interest in studying the area of drugs and college students due to the negative effects that drugs have on a student’s social life, academics, psychology, finances, and health. So, this study aims to identify the relationship between drug/substance abuse and quality of sleep among university students in Yemen and Saudi Arabia.
The sample size was 935 (43.21% N = 404 female, 56.79% N = 531 male, 55.40% N = 518 Yemeni, and 44.60% N = 417 Saudi). Students responded to the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Substance Abuse Questionnaire.

Results
The results showed a high prevalence of drug use: 43.1% of respondents (27.27% N = 219 Yemenis and 15.83% N = 148 Saudis) abuse drugs, 29.41% were in the low level of drug use, 10.48% were in the moderate level of drug use, 2.46% were in the substantial level of drug, and 0.75% were in the severe level of drug use as per the DAST-10. The differences between both countries in terms of drug use were significant (X2 19.394, P < 0.001). The prevalence rate of inhalants was 16.36% and of sedatives was 12.09%, and the differences between countries were significant. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 24.81%; a total of 7.91% of respondents had very poor sleep quality, while 16.90% had poor sleep quality. The differences between countries were not significant.
The relationship between sleep quality and drug use, smoking, and substance abuse was significant. The quality of sleep decreased consistently with a high level of drug use or substance abuse.

Conclusions
Poor sleep quality is significantly associated with drug use and substance abuse, and it is important to recognize the factors affecting drug and substance abuse among university students. A significant contribution can make for the protection of university students by guaranteeing that psychological interventions for high-risk groups are planned in advance.
Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, physicochemical and biochemical properties of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine as supporting information on quality control of raw materials
Authors: Alberto-Silva Carlos , Malheiros Fernanda Blini Marengo , Querobino Samyr Machado 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine (GLcN) are recommended for the restoration of the articular cartilage surface in patients affected by osteoarthritis. They are commercialized as pharmaceutical-grade products and as food supplements, and there are reports that they do not undergo the strict quality controls of pharmaceuticals. Herein, we evaluated the physicochemical parameters of two raw materials (CS and GlcN) obtained from two distinct suppliers in Brazil and compare the obtained data with the product specification provided by the manufacturer. Also, the homogeneity and purity grade of samples were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy.

Results
The organoleptic properties and solubility of CS and GlcN samples obtained from pharmacy analyses and the supplier’s specifications are in accordance with the standards required by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). However, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman analysis of pH and the density values of samples are statistically different between the suppliers. In addition, FT-IR analyses indicated that there is non-homogeneity in the CS and GlcN samples tested, showing that both manufacturers distribute the drugs in different concentrations, although both declare the same concentration in the product technical specifications.

Conclusion
In summary, our study demonstrated that physicochemical parameters are insufficient to ensure product quality, and it is necessary to implement a more efficient protocol to ensure the quality of the final product.

Graphical abstract
Estimation of Worker Fruit-Picking Rates with an Instrumented Picking Bag
Authors: Fei Zhenghao , Shepard John , Vougioukas Stavros G. 
Published: November 2020

HighlightsWe designed a low-cost instrumented picking bag that can monitor the worker’s fruit picking process.The bag can be used to estimate the worker’s picking rate for better workforce management.The bag can also be used to estimate the accumulated fruit weight and generate a yield map for orchard management.The best root mean squared error over the entire measurement range was 0.36 kg (1.8% of bag capacity).Abstract. Estimating and recording a worker’s picking rate during tree fruit harvesting can provide useful information for better workforce management, orchard platform crew management, and generation of yield maps (in combination with position). A commercial picking bag was instrumented to estimate harvested fruit weight in real-time. All electronics were placed inside an enclosure that was placed between the bag and its shoulder straps, without hindering picking motions. The electronics included two load cells to measure the forces exerted on the straps by the bag and fruits, an Arduino microcontroller, signal conditioning circuits, data storage, wireless communication components, and inertial sensors. Software was developed for data acquisition, filtering, transmission, and storage. Two calibration models were developed to estimate fruit weight. One model (model 2) used inertial sensor data to compensate for the picking bag’s angle with respect to gravity direction, while the other model (model 1) did not. Dynamic calibration experiments were performed over the entire weight range of the bag (0 to 20 kg) with reference objects of known weight (baseballs and fresh apples). The weight was divided into three ranges: light load (&lt;8 kg), medium load (8 to 13 kg), and heavy load (&gt;13 kg). Results showed that model 1 performed slightly better in the light load range, but model 2 was superior in the medium and heavy load ranges, presumably due to bag angle compensation. The best root mean squared error over the entire range was achieved by model 2 and was 0.36 kg (1.8% of bag capacity). In an application case study, two bags were used by workers harvesting from a platform in a commercial apple orchard. From the data, the pickers’ harvesting speeds were estimated, and the fruit yield distribution was calculated for one side of a tree row. Keywords: Calibration, Electronics, Fruit harvesting, Labor, Yield monitor.
A phenome-wide association study of 26 mendelian genes reveals phenotypic expressivity of common and rare variants within the general population
Authors: Tcheandjieu Catherine , Aguirre Matthew , Gustafsson Stefan , Saha Priyanka , Potiny Praneetha , Haendel Melissa , Ingelsson Erik , Rivas Manuel A. , Priest James R. 
Published: November 2020

The clinical evaluation of a genetic syndrome relies upon recognition of a characteristic pattern of signs or symptoms to guide targeted genetic testing for confirmation of the diagnosis. However, individuals displaying a single phenotype of a complex syndrome may not meet criteria for clinical diagnosis or genetic testing. Here, we present a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) approach to systematically explore the phenotypic expressivity of common and rare alleles in genes associated with four well-described syndromic diseases (Alagille (AS), Marfan (MS), DiGeorge (DS), and Noonan (NS) syndromes) in the general population.
Using human phenotype ontology (HPO) terms, we systematically mapped 60 phenotypes related to AS, MS, DS and NS in 337,198 unrelated white British from the UK Biobank (UKBB) based on their hospital admission records, self-administrated questionnaires, and physiological measurements. We performed logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and the first 5 genetic principal components, for each phenotype and each variant in the target genes (JAG1, NOTCH2 FBN1, PTPN1 and RAS-opathy genes, and genes in the 22q11.2 locus) and performed a gene burden test.
Overall, we observed multiple phenotype-genotype correlations, such as the association between variation in JAG1, FBN1, PTPN11 and SOS2 with diastolic and systolic blood pressure; and pleiotropy among multiple variants in syndromic genes. For example, rs11066309 in PTPN11 was significantly associated with a lower body mass index, an increased risk of hypothyroidism and a smaller size for gestational age, all in concordance with NS-related phenotypes. Similarly, rs589668 in FBN1 was associated with an increase in body height and blood pressure, and a reduced body fat percentage as observed in Marfan syndrome.
Our findings suggest that the spectrum of associations of common and rare variants in genes involved in syndromic diseases can be extended to individual phenotypes within the general population.
Becoming more of an insider: A grounded theory study on patients’ experience of a person-centred e-health intervention
Authors: Barenfeld Emmelie , Ali Lilas , Wallström Sara , Fors Andreas , Ekman Inger 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe aim was to explore the experiences of a person-centred e-health intervention, in patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic heart failure (CHF).DesignGrounded theory was applied to gather and analyse data.SettingThe study is part of a research project evaluating the effects of person-centred care (PCC) using a digital platform and structured telephone support for people with COPD or CHF recruited from nine primary care units in Sweden.ParticipantsTwelve patients from the intervention group were purposefully selected in accordance with the initial sampling criteria.InterventionThe intervention was delivered through a digital platform and telephone support system for 6 months. The intervention relied on person-centred ethics operationalised through three core PCC components: patient narratives, partnership and shared documentation.ResultsA core category was formulated:Being welcomed through the side door when lacking the front door keys. The core category reflects how a PCC intervention delivered remotely provides access to mutual and informal meetings at times when professional contacts were desired to support patient self-management goals. According to patients’ wishes, family and friends were seldom invited as care partners in the e-health context.ConclusionsA PCC intervention delivered remotely as a complement to standard care in a primary care setting for patients diagnosed with COPD or CHF is a viable approach to increase patients’ access and involvement in preventive care. The e-health intervention seemed to facilitate PCC, strengthen patients’ position in the health service system and support their self-management.
Fellini’s Films and Commercials: From Postwar to Postmodern, Frank Burke (2020)
Authors: Lisena Giovanna Caterina 
Published: November 2020

Review of: Fellini’s Films and Commercials: From Postwar to Postmodern, Frank Burke (2020)
Bristol and Chicago: Intellect and University of Chicago, 384 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78938-208-2, p/bk, $26.50