bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Nano-Encapsulation Phaleria macrocarpa Fruits Extract in Drinking Water on the Digestive Tract and Carcass Characteristic of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Zuprizal Zuprizal , Ningsih Niati , Zulfian Taufik Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

The present study was to evaluate the effects of nano-encapsulated Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract (NEPM) in drinking water on the digestive organs and carcass characteristic of broiler chickens. A total number of two hundred male broiler chicks were randomly divided into five treatments with four replicates, each replicate contained ten chickens. Broiler chickens have received a basal diet supplemented with or without experimental treatments. Five experimental treatments were: control diet (T0; negative control), diet with tetracycline (T1; positive control), diet with 2.5% of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extract (T2), diet with 2.5% NEPM (T3), and diet with 5.0% NEPM (T4). The diets were based on yellow corn and soybean meal and contained 20.44% crude protein, 2,917.47 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, 0.84% Calcium, and 0.51% available Phosphorus. On the 35th day, one bird from each replicate pen was slaughtered. Carcass characteristics and weights of digestive organs were measured. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA in a completely randomized design. The orthogonal contrast test was used to separate the mean when the P-value was less than 5%. Results showed that the use of nano-encapsulated Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extracts up to 5.0% in the diet did not give any significant effect on the carcass, digestive organs, heart and liver weights of broiler chickens. It can be concluded that the supplementation of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extracts whether nano-encapsulated or not, did not affect carcass weight, weights of digestive organs and weights of the heart and liver of broiler chickens.
3D-Printed Modular Hemipelvic Endoprosthetic Reconstruction Following Periacetabular Tumor Resection
Authors: Ji Tao , Yang Yi , Tang Xiaodong , Liang Haijie , Yan Taiqiang , Yang Rongli , Guo Wei 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Reconstruction with an endoprosthesis following pelvic tumor resection has increased over the years. However, the long-term results reflect a disappointing frequency of mechanical complications and failures. In an attempt to enhance implant fixation, an electron beam melting (EBM)-based modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis was introduced. Our aim was to explore the preliminary clinical outcomes for patients who have been managed with this prosthesis.

Methods:
We reviewed the records of 80 consecutive patients who had been managed at a single center between June 2015 and September 2017. Chondrosarcoma was the predominant diagnosis (31.3%). Osseous metastases were diagnosed in 16 patients (20.0%). The position of the reconstructed metallic acetabulum was measured on an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph. Bone ingrowth was evaluated in 2 samples harvested from patients with tumor recurrence.

Results:
After a median duration of follow-up of 32.5 months (range, 9 to 52 months), no acetabular component instability was detected on radiographs. Histological sectioning of specimens harvested from 2 patients with tumor recurrence showed bone trabeculae extending toward the implant and bone ingrowth within the porous network. At the time of the latest follow-up, 59 patients (73.8%) were alive with no evidence of disease, 5 patients (6.3%) were alive with disease, and 16 patients (20.0%) had died of disease. Local recurrence occurred in 9 patients (11.3%). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score at the time of the latest follow-up was 83.9% (range, 43% to 100%). Complications occurred in 16 patients (20%), with wound dehiscence being the most common complication (8 patients; 10%). No aseptic loosening was found. Five patients (6.3%) had deep infection, and 2 patients (2.5%) had dislocation.

Conclusions:
The use of a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis with a highly porous metal interface represents a potential choice as a pelvic endoprosthesis after internal hemipelvectomy for the treatment of a primary or metastatic tumor. These preliminary results demonstrate stable fixation with acceptable early functional and radiographic outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery in University Hospitals in Germany
Authors: Haffer Henryk , Schömig Friederike , Rickert Markus , Randau Thomas , Raschke Michael , Wirtz Dieter , Pumberger Matthias , Perka Carsten 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments in university hospitals in Germany in order to clarify current challenges.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, an online-based anonymous survey was conducted within the Convention of University Professors of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery in Germany from April 3 to April 11, 2020. A bipolar 5-point Likert scale (with possible responses of “totally disagree,” “rather disagree,” “neutral,” “rather agree,” and “totally agree”) was applied. Fifty-two (69.3%) of 75 clinic directors participated.

Results:
Communication and cooperation with the government, hospital administration, and other departments during the COVID-19 pandemic were mainly perceived as appropriate. However, only 7 respondents (13.7%) totally agreed or rather agreed with the statement that the authorities are supporters of orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments. Substantial financial and personnel changes in orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments of university hospitals were reported, resulting in an average reduction of 49.4% in operating room capacity and an expected 29.3% loss of revenue. In addition, 14.7% of physicians were reallocated from orthopaedic and trauma surgery to other care-delivery environments.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments in German university hospitals. Distinct structural and financial effects were noted. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates the commitment of our specialty to overcome the pandemic by providing competent personnel as well as close cooperation with the hospital administration and other departments.

Clinical Relevance:
To our knowledge, this is the first Germany-wide survey among the heads of orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments in university hospitals on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey results may help to inform system-wide decision-making in Germany, in Europe, and beyond.
Acute Paraspinal Compartment Syndrome After Deadlifting
Authors: Cetinkaya Abdullah , Grundnes Oliver , Dolatowski Filip C. 
Published: May 2020

Case:
A 27-year-old African man was admitted with acute right-sided loin pain that had started 4 hours after deadlifting. Renal colic was suspected, but clinical and radiological examination revealed no pathology of the urinary system. Further investigation revealed rhabdomyolysis. The back pain worsened with flexion, and both loins were hard on palpation 24 hours later. High intracompartmental pressures confirmed acute paraspinal compartment syndrome.

Conclusions:
We performed fasciotomy of the back muscles 28 hours after the onset of pain. Eighteen months after surgery, the patient no longer performed deadlifts but returned to pain-free exercise.
Transient Brachial Plexopathy After Fixation of a Clavicle Fracture Nonunion
Authors: Johnson Connor S. , Acebo Joshua B. , Aya Kessiena , Somerson Jeremy S. 
Published: May 2020

Case:A 54-year-old man presented with a comminuted left midclavicle fracture that progressed to a symptomatic nonunion after nonsurgical management. Nonunion open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was performed, but a left brachial plexopathy developed 48 hours postoperatively. Imaging failed to demonstrate an emergent cause. The patient was monitored and completely recovered, with occasional neuralgia and mildly limited forward elevation of the shoulder.Conclusion:Development of a brachial plexopathy 48 hours after routine clavicle nonunion ORIF using plate fixation is an unusual complication. Future studies are needed to determine if this “wait-and-see” approach can be generalized to similar cases.
Monteggia Fracture in an Extremely Preterm Infant with Biochemical Rickets
Authors: Viehl Luke , Kelly Brian A. , McAlister William , Anadkat Jagruti , Julian Samuel 
Published: May 2020

Case:
A preterm neonate with biochemical rickets is found to have a Monteggia fracture. The infant underwent percutaneous pinning. There was loss of fixation; however, the infant has been followed since discharge from the hospital and has completely healed with full range of motion.

Conclusions:
The medical management of this entity involves enteral feedings and optimization of nutrients. The optimal surgical treatment of this injury in the neonatal period is not yet known, although percutaneous pinning resulted in normal healing and function. These aspects require clinician awareness of this unique fracture type in a premature patient with fragile bone.
Non-Pedicular Fixation Techniques for the Treatment of Spinal Deformity
Authors: Rosinski Alexander , Odeh Khalid , Ungurean Victor , Leasure Jeremi , Kondrashov Dimitriy 
Published: May 2020

Background:
In recent years, the use of pedicle screws has become the gold standard for achieving stable, 3-column fixation of the spine. However, pedicle screw placement may not always be ideal, such as in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, because of pedicle morphology. An understanding of the alternatives to pedicle screw fixation is therefore important in the treatment of patients with spinal deformity. The purpose of this article is to review the indications, advantages, disadvantages, and complications associated with non-pedicular fixation techniques of the thoracolumbar spine.

Methods:
Comprehensive literature searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were performed for 10 methods of non-pedicular fixation. Articles published between January 1, 1990, and June 1, 2019, were considered. Non-English-language articles and studies involving fixation of the cervical spine were excluded from our review.

Results:
After reviewing >1,600 titles and abstracts pertaining to non-pedicular fixation, a total of 213 articles met our inclusion criteria. Non-pedicular fixation may be preferred in certain cases of spinal deformity and may provide stronger fixation in osteoporotic bone. The use of non-pedicular fixation techniques is often limited by the inability to place multilevel constructs on intact posterior elements. Additionally, some methods of non-pedicular fixation, such as spinous process tethering, primarily have utility for the end of constructs to minimize junctional problems.

Conclusions:
Pedicle screws remain the anchor of choice in spinal deformity surgery because of their ability to engage all 3 columns of the spine and provide safe correction in all 3 planes. Nevertheless, non-pedicular fixation may be useful in cases in which pedicle screw placement is extremely difficult.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Substitusi Lemak Susu dengan Virgin Coconut Oil terhadap Mutu Es Krim [The Substitution of Milk Fat with Virgin Coconut Oil to Ice Cream Quality]
Authors: Trivana Linda , Wungkana Jerry 
Published: May 2020

<p>In order to increase the diversity of coconut oil utilization, a study on the substitution of milk fat in premium ice cream grade with virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been done. The aim of this experiment is to obtain information about the effects of the substitution on pH, overrun, and sensory properties of premium ice cream. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Post Harvest Research and Development on the period of April-June 2015. Premium ice cream with five different ratios of of milk fat and VCO (1:0), (1:1), (2:1), (1:2), (0:1) were made. The ice cream production involves mixing, pasteurization, homogenation, aging and freezing. The sensory result shows the non-dependent effect of ratio of 1:1 against 100% milk fat ice cream on all aspects of sensory except on roughness. Therefore, the best ratio for the substitution is at 1:1 ratio. The size of the ice crystals can be reduced by the addition of emulsifier. The pH of theice cream was found around 6.82-6.90. The Overrun value F0 (milk fat: VCO 1:0) and F2 (milk fat: VCO 1:1) accordance SNI (01-3713-1995) standards for household scale (30-50%), and overrun value F1 (milk fat:VCO 2:1) accordance for industy scale (70-80%).</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Untuk meningkatkan diversitas dalam pemanfaatan minyak kelapa, telah dilakukan penelitian substitusi lemak susu dalam produk es krim premium dengan minyak nabati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh subtitusi lemak susu dengan <em>Virgin Coconut Oil </em>(VCO) terhadap karakteristik sensori, pH, dan <em>overrun </em>es krim. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengolahan Hasil, Balai Besar Pascapanen pada bulan April-Juni 2015. Es krim dengan kandungan lemak minimal 12% dibuat dengan komposisi lemak susu: VCO (1:0), (1:1), (2:1), (1:2), (0:1). Proses pembuatan es krim meliputi 5 tahap, yaitu pencampuran bahan, pasteurisasi, homogenisasi, pematangan (<em>aging</em>), dan pembekuan. Hasil analisis sensori (tekstur, penampakan, dan kecepatan leleh), <em>overrun, </em>dan pH es krim diperoleh rasio lemak susu: VCO 1:1 memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata terhadap es krim dengan 100% lemak susu untuk semua parameter yang diamati, kecuali pada organoleptik tekstur “kasar oleh kristal es”. Oleh karena itu, lemak susu dapat digantikan dengan lemak nabati (VCO) dengan perbandingan 1:1 pada pembuatan es krim. Kristal es pada es krim dapat diatasi dengan penggunaan penstabil yang sesuai. Hasil analisis pH es krim diperoleh pH 6,82-6,90. Nilai <em>overrun</em> pada perlakuan F0 (lemak susu: VC0 1:0) dan F2 (lemak susu:VCO 1:1) sesuai dengan syarat mutu es krim berdasarkan SNI 01-3713-1995 untuk skala rumah tangga 30-50% dan F1 (lemak susu: VCO 2:1) sesuai skala industri 70-80%.</p><p> </p>
Sarcopenic obesity and associations with mortality in older women and men – a prospective observational study
Authors: von Berens Åsa , Obling Sine R , Nydahl Margaretha , Koochek Afsaneh , Lissner Lauren , Skoog Ingmar , Frändin Kerstin , Skoglund Elisabeth , Rothenberg Elisabet , Cederholm Tommy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The combined effect of sarcopenia and obesity, i.e., sarcopenic obesity, has been associated with disability and worse outcomes in older adults, but results are conflicting. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) in older adults, and to examine how the risk of mortality is associated with SO and its various components.Methods: Data were obtained from two Swedish population studies, the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies of 521 women and men at the age of 75, and the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM), which included 288 men aged 87 years. Sarcopenia was defined using the recently updated EWGSOP2 definition. Obesity was defined by any of three established definitions: body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, fat mass >30%/ >42% or waist circumference ≥88 cm/≥102 cm for women and men, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the Cox proportional hazard model were used for 10-year and 4-year survival analyses in the H70 and ULSAM cohorts, respectively.Results: SO was observed in 4% of the women and 11% of the men in the H70 cohort, and in 10% of the ULSAM male cohort. The 75-year-old women with SO had a higher risk (HR 3.25, 95% confidence interval (1.2-8.9)) of dying within ten years compared to those with a “normal” phenotype. A potential similar association with mortality among the 75-year-old men was not statistically significant. In the older men aged 87 years, obesity was associated with increased survival. Conclusions: SO was observed in 4-11% of community-dwelling older adults. In 75-year-old women SO appeared to associate with an increased risk of dying within ten years. In 87-year-old men, the results indicated that obesity without sarcopenia was related to a survival benefit over a four-year period.
Gender differences in the relationship between dietary energy and macronutrients intake and body weight outcomes in Chinese adults
Authors: Zhao Jian , Sun Jian , Su Chang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To explore the gender differences in the relationship between dietary energy and macronutrients intake and body weight outcomes in Chinese adults.Methods: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS, 2015) for10,898 participants aged 18-64 years. Three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls was used to assess the dietary intake. Quantile regression models for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were performed separately for each sex.Results: Adult males showed greater absolute intakes of energy and macronutrients as compared to females as per the body weight outcomes. A 10% increase in BMI resulted in an additional intake of 0.002-0.004 kcal/d of dietary energy, 0.032-0.057 g/d of fats, 0.039-0.084 g/d of proteins, and 0.018-0.028 g/d of carbohydrates across all quantiles in males (p < 0.05). A 10% increase in WC lead to an additional intake of 0.004-0.008 kcal/d of dietary energy, 0.051-0.052 g/d of carbohydrates across the entire quantile in males (p < 0.05), and an increased intake of 0.060-0.150 kcal/d of fat in females (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary Fat intake could be the risk factor of abdominal obesity in women. The importance of gender- specific evidence should be considered before promoting macronutrient allocation for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Overexpression of an endogenous type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum enhances lipid production and omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid content
Authors: Haslam Richard P. , Hamilton Mary L. , Economou Chloe K. , Smith Richard , Hassall Kirsty L. , Napier Johnathan A. , Sayanova Olga 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Oleaginous microalgae represent a valuable resource for the production of high value molecules. Considering the importance of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) for human health and nutrition the yields of high value eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) require significant improvement to meet demand, however, the current cost of production remains high. A promising approach is to metabolically engineer strains with enhanced levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs) enriched in EPA and DHA.Results: Recently we have engineered the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to accumulate enhanced levels of DHA in TAG. To further improve the incorporation of omega-3 LC-PUFAs in TAG we focused our effort on the identification of a type 2 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) capable of improving lipid production and the incorporation of DHA in TAG. DGAT is a key enzyme in lipid synthesis. Following a diatom based in vivo screen of candidate DGATs, a native P. tricornutum DGAT2B was taken forward for detailed characterisation. Overexpression of the endogenous P. tricornutum DGAT2B was confirmed by qRT-PCR and the transgenic strain grew successfully in comparison to wildtype. PtDGAT2B has broad substrate specificity with preferences for C16 and LC-PUFAs acyl groups. Moreover, the overexpression of an endogenous DGAT2B resulted in higher lipid yields and enhanced levels of DHA in TAG. Furthermore, a combined overexpression of the endogenous DGAT2B and ectopic expression of a Δ5-elongase showed how iterative metabolic engineering can be used to increase DHA and TAG content, irrespective of nitrogen treatment.Conclusion: This study provides further insight into lipid metabolism in P. tricornutum and suggests a metabolic engineering approach for the efficient production of EPA and DHA in microalgae.
Social Networking Sites Utilization, Perceived Benefits and Potential for Improving Study Habits among Nursing Students in Five Countries
Authors: Valdez Glenn Ford D. , Cayaban Arcalyd Rose , AL-Fayyadh Sadeq , Korkmaz Mehmet , Obeid Samira , Sanchez Cheryl Lyn A , Ajzoon Muna B , Fouly Howeida , Cruz Jonas P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The abundance of easy and accessible information and fast developing social networking sites (SNS) have proven the world is small and within reach. The great implication of this interconnectedness can be somehow attributed to the change in the learning and sharing environment, for the most part, something a classroom is lacking, and considering the potential implication of SNS in nursing education reveals that the benefit allows the students to communicate and interact with a wider audience and beyond the classroom. The aim of this study is to identify the extent of SNS utilization, the perceived benefits and the potential for improving study habits of nursing students in five countries (Israel, Iraq, Oman, Philippines and Turkey).Methods: The study is a quantitative cross-sectional study that determined the relationship between the utilization of SNS, the perceived benefits of SNS, and the potential for improving study habits among nursing students in the five participating countries (Israel, Iraq, Oman, Philippines, and Turkey). The basis of this paper is the careful analysis survey of responses from a sample of 1,137 students from an online hosting site. The online instrument focuses on the extent of utilization and benefits of SNS according to their accessibility, usability, efficiency and reliability.Results: Our findings, in correlation using Pearson’s r, reveals a significant positive correlation between the extent of possibly improving study habits and the extent of utilization of SNS in terms of the four domains, namely, accessibility (r=0.246), usability (r=0.377), reliability (r=0.287) and efficiency (r=0.387).Conclusion: It can be concluded that a significant positive correlation between students’ study habits and the extent of utilization of SNS, meaning that the more students devote themselves to study habits, the higher the level of SNS utilization. There are positive and negative implications in using SNS among nursing students, and there is greater potential in further improving the approaches to nursing education through adaptation of curricula based around the proper utilization of SNS.