bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of invasive prostate cancer and prostate cancer death in relatives of patients with prostatic borderline or in situ neoplasia: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Xu Xing , Fallah Mahdi , Tian Yu , Mukama Trasias , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Brenner Hermann , Kharazmi Elham 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe question of whether having a family history of prostatic borderline or in situ neoplasia (PBISN) is associated with an increased risk of invasive prostate cancer (PCa) or death from PCa remains unanswered. The objective of the current study was to provide an evidence‐based risk estimation for the relatives of patients with PBISN.MethodsNationwide Swedish family cancer data sets were used for the current study, including data regarding all residents of Sweden who were born after 1931 and their parents. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and lifetime cumulative risks of PCa were calculated for men with different constellations of family history. Family history was defined as a dynamic (time‐dependent) variable considering changes during follow‐up (1958‐2015).ResultsOf the 6,343,727 men in the current study, a total of 238,961 developed invasive PCa and 5756 were diagnosed with PBISN during the follow‐up. Men with 1 first‐degree relative who was diagnosed with PBISN had a 70% increased risk of invasive PCa (SIR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.5‐1.9) and PCa death (SMR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3‐2.2) compared with men with no family history of PBISN or invasive PCa. These were rather close to estimates in men with 1 first‐degree relative diagnosed with invasive PCa (SIR, 2.1 and SMR, 1.8). A higher risk of PCa in family members was found among patients with a family history of PBISN and/or PCa diagnosed before age 60 years. The results in terms of cumulative risk resembled this trend.ConclusionsA family history of PBISN appears to be as important as a family history of invasive PCa with regard to an increased risk of invasive PCa or PCa mortality. Such a history should not be overlooked in PCa screening recommendations or in future research regarding familial PCa.
Social recommendation algorithms with user feedback information
Authors: Yu Yuecheng , Gu Yu , Zuo Huayu , Wang Jinlei , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: July 2020

SummarySocial media information can effectively improve the performance of personalized recommendation model. However, the feedback information in the social media which can accurately reflect users' implicit preferences is often ignored by most existing methods. To improve the users' experience and reduce the push of unwelcome information, in this article, we propose a new social recommendation algorithm with user feedback information. Different from the existing recommendation methods based on probability matrix decomposition, we incorporate the user implicit feedback information into the user rating prediction function. To reduce the data sparsity of implicit feedback information, we also adopt social network trust calculation in our algorithm. As a result, we can not only optimize the recommendation list but also filter out most of disgusting content. Compared with PMF, UserCF, CUNE, and TrustSVD, but slightly lower than RSTE, the experimental results of our model on real‐world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, and further verify that the user experience is significantly improved without obviously reducing the accuracy of the recommendation.
A machine learning‐based memory forensics methodology for TOR browser artifacts
Authors: Pizzolante Raffaele , Castiglione Arcangelo , Carpentieri Bruno , Contaldo Roberto , D'Angelo Gianni , Palmieri Francesco 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAt present, 96% of the resources available into the World‐Wide‐Web belongs to the Deep Web, which is composed of contents that are not indexed by search engines. The Dark Web is a subset of the Deep Web, which is currently the favorite place for hiding illegal markets and contents. The most important tool that can be used to access the Dark Web is the Tor Browser. In this article, we propose a bottom‐up formal investigation methodology for the Tor Browser's memory forensics. Based on a bottom‐up logical approach, our methodology enables us to obtain information according to a level of abstraction that is gradually higher, to characterize semantically relevant actions carried out by the Tor browser. Again, we show how the proposed three‐layer methodology can be realized through open‐source tools. Also, we show how the extracted information can be used as input to a novel Artificial Intelligence‐based architecture for mining effective signatures capable of representing malicious activities in the Tor network. Finally, to assess the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, we defined three test cases that simulate widespread real‐life scenarios and discuss the obtained results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that deals with the forensic analysis of the Tor Browser in a live system, in a formal and structured way.
Rainbow: A composable coherence protocol for multi‐chip servers
Authors: Menezo Lucia G. , Puente Valentin , Gregorio Jose A 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe use of multi‐chip modules (MCM) and/or multi‐socket boards is the most suitable approach to increase the computation density of servers while keep chip yield attained. This article introduces a new coherence protocol suitable, in terms of complexity and scalability, for this class of systems. The proposal uses two complementary ideas: (1) A mechanism that dissociates complexity from performance by means of colored‐token counting, (2) A construct that optimizes performance and cost by means of two functionally symmetrical structures working in the last level cache of each chip and each memory controller. The coordinated work of both structures minimizes the coherence‐related effects on the average memory latency perceived by the processor. Our proposal is able to improve on the performance of a HyperTransport‐like coherence protocol by from 25% to 60%.
X‐Ray Topography—More than Nice Pictures
Authors: Danilewsky Andreas N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractX‐ray topography—a well‐known diffraction imaging method—is widely used for the characterization of extended crystal defects like dislocations. Herein, the progress toward the quantification besides the number and nature of dislocations is given. The diffracted images include additional information about tilt and strain, which can be measured in real‐time, thanks to the improved digital detection systems. This allows not only the fast mapping of huge samples like 450 mm diameter Si wafers, the in situ observation of the dislocation, or crack dynamics at high temperatures, but also the stress analysis in electronic devices in operando. In addition to typical white X‐ray beam methods like stacks of section topographs, the monochromatic diffraction laminography allows a 3D representation of the dislocation arrays. The merits and limitations of X‐ray topography are demonstrated by semiconductor materials as an example.
Interspecific comparisons of C3turfgrass for tennis use: II. Investigation of ball friction, ball bounce, and associated factors in replicated grass courts
Authors: Ebdon J. S. , James I. , DaCosta M. , Lu J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTennis is played on many different surfaces including natural grass, which plays fast because of low ball bounce (i.e., coefficient of restitution [COR]) and low ball‐to‐surface friction (coefficient of friction [COF]) that increase the pace (ball speed) of tennis. Effects of various C3turfgrasses on COF and COR have not been investigated. Our objectives were to evaluate eight cultivars of various species randomized within three official size tennis courts: (a) ‘Keeneland’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL., KB), (b) ‘Rubix’ KB, (c) ‘Villa’ velvet bentgrass (Agrostis caninaL., VBG), (d) ‘Puritan’ colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillarisL., CL), (e) ‘007’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferaL., CB), (f) fine fescue (Festucasp., FF) mixture, (g) ‘Karma’ perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL, PR), and (h) ‘Wicked’ PR. Friction was measured using a weighted sled and ball bounce (BB) to derive COR was measured using a vertical drop height of 254 cm. Bounce (i.e., COR) to satisfy the International Tennis Federation (ITF) minimum of 50% BB (COR = 0.70) was not observed on any of the species evaluated. Species such as FF and PR were able to achieve BB to satisfy the ITF 80% BB minimum to that observed on smooth concrete. Linear regression indicated that 170gof surface hardness for FF and PR to as much as 200gon KB and higher on BG may be needed to achieve a COR = 0.70. Hemi‐ and lignocellulose cell wall fractions were correlated with COR and COF but exhibited significant and opposite relationships. Achieving higher COF may be a more practical means to slow court pace of notoriously fast grass courts. Future research will be needed to investigate the effects of cultural practices on COF.
Sustainable Strategies in the Synthesis of Lignin Nanoparticles for the Release of Active Compounds: A Comparison
Authors: Cailotto Simone , Gigli Matteo , Bonini Massimo , Rigoni Federica , Crestini Claudia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe preparation of nanoparticles represents a powerful tool for lignin valorization, as it combines easy methodologies with high application potential. Different synthetic strategies and various lignin sources have been employed in the process. However, the great variability in the lignin structure prevents a direct comparison of the so far reported lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), especially as regards their physicochemical and functional properties. To this purpose, two green protocols, that is, solvent‐antisolvent and hydrotropic, were optimized and used to generate LNPs from the same softwood kraft lignin. The nanomaterials were fully characterized to extrapolate structure/property relationships and reveal any differences in the mechanism of self‐assembly. Furthermore, tests on methylene blue entrapment capacity and release behavior at two different pH values (2.0 and 7.4) evidenced a clear dependence on the LNPs characteristics and thus on the strategy adopted for their production.
Interface Engineering of Binder‐Free Earth‐Abundant Electrocatalysts for Efficient Advanced Energy Conversion
Authors: Wang Peican , Wang Baoguo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGas‐involved electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction are crucial for many clean and effective energy technologies. The interface chemistry of electrocatalysts plays an important role in the optimization of their catalytic activity and stability. However, these gas‐involved reactions exhibit sluggish kinetics and complex reactions at triple‐phase interfaces. Thus, interface engineering at multiscale levels plays a decisive role. Binder‐free electrocatalysts have gained increasing popularity, owing to their enhanced electron transfer and improved mass diffusion. This Review summarizes the influence of binder‐free electrocatalysts with optimized interfaces and emphasizes three key interfaces, including the electrocatalyst/substrate interface, the inner interface of the electrocatalyst, and the electrocatalyst/electrolyte/gas interface, which are integral to determining the properties of gas‐involved electrocatalysts, including the electrical conductivity, intrinsic catalytic activity, and mass transfer behavior. Finally, prospects and future challenges for the further development of binder‐free electrocatalysts are discussed.
Security anomaly detection in software‐defined networking based on a prediction technique
Authors: Jafarian Tohid , Masdari Mohammad , Ghaffari Ali , Majidzadeh Kambiz 
Published: July 2020

SummaryNowadays, software‐defined networking (SDN) is regarded as the best solution for the centralized handling and monitoring of large networks. However, it should be noted that SDN architecture suffers from the same security issues, which are the case with common networks. As a case in point, one of the shortcomings of SDNs is related to its high vulnerability to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and other similar ones. Indeed, anomaly detection systems have been considered to deal with these attacks. The challenges are related to designing these systems including gathering data, extracting effective features, and selecting the best model for anomaly detection. In this paper, a novel combined approach is proposed; this method uses NetFlow protocol for gathering information and generating dataset, information gain ratio (IGR), in order to select the effective and relevant features and ensemble learning scheme (Stacking) for developing a structure with desirable performance and efficiency for detecting anomaly in SDN environment. The results obtained from the experiments revealed that the proposed method performs better than other methods in terms of enhancing accuracy (AC) and detection rate (DR) and reducing classification error (CE) and false alarm rate (FAR). The AC, DR, CE, and FAR of the proposed model were measured as 99.92%, 99.83%, 0.08%, and 0.03%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method prevents the occurrence of excessive overload on the controller and OpenFlow.
Use of cytology centrifuged supernatants improves cost and turnaround time for targeted next generation sequencing
Authors: Gokozan HamzaN. , Harbhajanka Aparna , Bomeisl Philip , Michael Claire W. , Sadri Navid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMolecular testing is an essential step in providing patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most appropriate front‐line targeted therapies. We recently implemented targeted NGS on previously discarded cytology centrifuged supernatant (CCS).METHODSIn this study, we reviewed our implementation process to evaluate its performance. Performance and turnaround time (TAT) of molecular testing on all cytology NSCLC cases submitted for targeted NGS from June 2018 to September 2019 were evaluated, which included 46 and 62 cytology cases before and after implementation of CCS, respectively. Associated cost savings using CCS was also analyzed.RESULTSThe mean TAT defined as the time of collection to time of reporting was 8.5 ± 1.8 days in CCS cohort (range 5‐13) as compared with 12.2 ± 5.3 days in the (FFPE) cell block (CB) cohort (range: 6‐27). The success rate of sequencing was similar for both cohorts (100% in CCS and 96% in FFPE CB).CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that NGS using CCS improves TAT, preserves FFPE CB for other testing, and results in cost savings of $50 per case.
Some like it cold: Temperature‐dependent habitat selection by narwhals
Authors: Heide‐Jørgensen Mads Peter , Blackwell Susanna B. , Williams Terrie M. , Sinding Mikkel Holger S. , Skovrind Mikkel , Tervo Outi M. , Garde Eva , Hansen Rikke G. , Nielsen Nynne H. , Ngô Mạnh Cường , Ditlevsen Susanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe narwhal (Monodon monoceros) is a high‐Arctic species inhabiting areas that are experiencing increases in sea temperatures, which together with reduction in sea ice are expected to modify the niches of several Arctic marine apex predators. The Scoresby Sound fjord complex in East Greenland is the summer residence for an isolated population of narwhals. The movements of 12 whales instrumented with Fastloc‐GPS transmitters were studied during summer in Scoresby Sound and at their offshore winter ground in 2017–2019. An additional four narwhals provided detailed hydrographic profiles on both summer and winter grounds. Data on diving of the whales were obtained from 20 satellite‐linked time‐depth recorders and 16 Acousonde™ recorders that also provided information on the temperature and depth of buzzes. In summer, the foraging whales targeted depths between 300 and 850 m where the preferred areas visited by the whales had temperatures ranging between 0.6 and 1.5°C (mean = 1.1°C,SD = 0.22). The highest probability of buzzing activity during summer was at a temperature of 0.7°C and at depths > 300 m. The whales targeted similar depths at their offshore winter ground where the temperature was slightly higher (range: 0.7–1.7°C, mean = 1.3°C,SD = 0.29). Both the probability of buzzing events and the spatial distribution of the whales in both seasons demonstrated a preferential selection of cold water. This was particularly pronounced in winter where cold coastal water was selected and warm Atlantic water farther offshore was avoided. It is unknown if the small temperature niche of whales while feeding is because prey is concentrated at these temperature gradients and is easier to capture at low temperatures, or because there are limitations in the thermoregulation of the whales. In any case, the small niche requirements together with their strong site fidelity emphasize the sensitivity of narwhals to changes in the thermal characteristics of their habitats.
Comparison of the performance of leaf wetness duration models for rainfed jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) plantations in the loess hilly region of China using machine learning
Authors: Gao Zhiyong , Shi Wenjuan , Wang Xing , Cao Bing , Wang Youke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLeaf wetness duration (LWD) affects the ability of tree canopy to regulate eco‐hydrological processes. Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is one of the main plants with significant impact on water cycle process and flux characteristics in the Loess Plateau region of China. However, little is known about LWD in rainfed jujube plantations in the loess hilly region of China. For the causes of leaf wetness in rainfed jujube plantations, dew‐only, rain and the combined scenario were investigated in terms of LWD and meteorological variables for the 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018 jujube growing seasons. The results were as follows: The leaf wetness events occurred frequently, and the days of leaf wetness driven by dew‐only and rain accounted for 88.3% of the total number of days in a regular jujube growing season. LWD driven by dew‐only was significantly lower than that driven by rain (p < 0.05). The correlation between LWD and meteorological factors varied with different scenarios. In dew‐only scenario, the four calibrated models (RH, DPD, CART and NN) accurately predicted LWD. In rain scenario, only the calibrated NN model performed well. In the combined scenario, the calibrated RH, CART and NN empirical models performed nearly equally; all well estimated LWD. On the basis of accuracy, practicability and variable count, the calibrated RH, NN and RH models for dew‐only, rain and the combined scenario can reliably estimate LWD in rainfed jujube plantations in the loess hilly region of China.
Outcomes of brief and enhanced cognitive‐behavioural therapy for adults with non‐underweight eating disorders: A non‐randomized comparison
Authors: Tatham Madeleine , Hewitt Chloe , Waller Glenn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveCognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) is an efficacious and effective treatment for eating disorders, and is particularly valuable in the treatment of non‐underweight cases (e.g., bulimia nervosa; binge eating‐disorders). However, its recommended length for such cases (up to 20 sessions) makes it a relatively costly therapy. It has been suggested that a 10‐session version (CBT‐T) can also be effective, but there has been no direct comparison between the two forms (10 vs. 20 sessions).MethodThis study reports the outcomes of brief and standard‐length CBT for non‐underweight eating disorders, comparing two cohorts of patients from the same clinic (N = 55 and 138, respectively).ResultsThe two therapies had very similar results in terms of eating pathology, remission rate, and improved quality of life. Each showed substantial change by the mid‐point of therapy and up to 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionIt appears that brief CBT (CBT‐T) is as effective as existing 20‐session CBT, and is less demanding of time and resource. The findings need to be replicated in a randomized control trial before this conclusion can be made definitive.
Laparoscopic transmesenteric pyeloplasty and isthmusectomy for adult horseshoe kidney with recurrent symptomatic hydronephrosis
Authors: Lu Li , Ma Bo , Zhong Wenwen , Yao Bin , Wang Dejuan , Qiu Jianguang 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThere is no consensus for the horseshoe kidneys with recurrent symptomatic hydronephrosis, so we presented our initial experience with a laparoscopic transmesenteric approach.Case presentationFive patients with symptomatic ureteropelvic junction obstruction were identified by computed tomography urography. The laparoscopic transmesenteric approach was performed in such a way that the mesentery of the small intestine was incised along with the blood vessels longitudinally, and the isthmus was isolated to avoid injury to the mesenteric blood supply; then we cut the isthmus using an endostapler. The ureteropelvic junction obstruction was removed via the Anderson‐Hynes technique. The operation time was 135–204 min, and the estimated blood loss was 50–120 mL. Patients had a 5.7‐day stay postoperatively, there were no other injuries or complications, and ultrasound scans or computed tomography urography showed good postoperative effects.ConclusionLaparoscopic transmesenteric surgery is a feasible and safe procedure for selected cases with horseshoe kidney with recurrent symptomatic hydronephrosis.
On the reliability of gamma distributed dsds for modelling kinetic energy of rainfall*
Authors: Mineo C. , Ridolfi E. , Moccia B. , Napolitano F. , Russo F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo retrieve the gamma drop size distribution (DSD) parameters from observed drop spectra, the most common approach is the method of moments (MM). However, the goodness of this method is still disputed. To assess its reliability, the aims of this paper are: (i) estimation of empirical values of rainfall rate (I) and kinetic energy (KE) from DSD measurements collected by a laser‐optical disdrometer; (ii) estimation of gamma DSD parameters by MM and another widespread method, i.e. maximum likelihood (ML); (iii) evaluation of theoretical values of rainfall rate and KE and comparison between these values and measured ones. The novelty of this work is the assessment of both MM and ML using the rainfall intensity measured by the disdrometer as a benchmark, rather than the KE or a statistical test as done in common practice. The assessment of the goodness of the estimates was performed on variables most investigated in soil erosion studies (i.e. I and KE). Results show that smaller error values are associated with ML and that MM does not provide reliable estimations of I. On the other hand, both methods substantially underestimate KE with increasing rainfall intensity.