bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED CIPROFLOXACIN PENETRATION IN GOAT EYES USING COMPLEXATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: DURGA PANDEY  , DEEPTI JAIN  
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of the present work was to improve the retention and penetration of ciprofloxacin (CF) ion pair entrapped within submicron emulsion (SE) in goat eyes and characterize the SE for improvement of ocular activity. The developed delivery system resulted with prolonged drug release as compared to the conventional dosage form.
Methods: SE prepared by high-energy emulsification and sonication to obtain uniform globule size. Ion-pair complex is prepared by precipitation method.
Results: Average internal droplets size of the optimized formulation was 0.300 μm, pH of the optimized formulation was 6.4±0.7 (average of three determinations) and viscosity 3.2±0.3 cP suitable for ocular use. Entrapment was 92.12%. In vitro drug release pattern in dialysis membrane showed sustain release of CF, a cumulative percent release of CF was found 77% in 10 h. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical shape and size within 1 μm. In vitro release in goat eyes was found 35.86 % for optimized formulation compared to market, 26.83% in 60 min.
Conclusion: Developed optimized formulation can be a good candidate for ocular drug delivery in severe ocular infections where frequent dosing required such as endophthalmitis, corneal ulcer, and penetrating trauma.
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER – A VERSATILE TOOL FOR THE ESTIMATION OF NICKEL CONTENT IN DRONEDARONE
Authors: VASAVI DEVI DASARI  , SWARNALATHA DUGASANI  , VENKATASUBBA REDDY GOPIREDDY  
Published: December 2019

Objective: The present investigation is to develop a validated analytical method for the determination of nickel content in dronedarone hydrochloride bulk drug by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).
Methods: Samples were analyzed after a preparation of sample solution by dissolving in suitable diluents of nitric acid and perchloric acid. In the present method, AAS with 0.2 nm slit width, nickel hollow cathode lamp with a wavelength of 232 nm has been employed.
Results: The system suitability parameters were performed to assess the system performance. The limit of detection and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.051 ppm and 0.15 ppm, respectively. The percentage recovery at LOQ, 50%, 100%, and 150% levels of nickel in dronedarone was found to be 95.55, 109.33, 96, and 97.55, respectively.
Conclusion: With the developed method, the nickel content in dronedarone bulk sample was found to be 3.0 ppm.
FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING, ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL, AND NITRIC OXIDE INHIBITION IN HUMAN THP1 DERIVED MACROPHAGES BY KOKILAKSHAM KASHAYAM
Authors: TEENA MERLIN  , PRAKASH KUMAR B  
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Kokilaksham kashayam and its effect on the production of nitric oxide (NO) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated THP1 derived macrophages.
Methods: Kokilaksham kashayam was subjected to fractionation and assessed for antioxidant activity. The effect of fractions on cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5 – dimethylthiazol -2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the fractions were evaluated for their effect on the production of NO by LPS stimulated THP1 derived macrophages.
Results: It was found that the fractions of the herbal decoction were able to scavenge a variety of free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, NO, and hydroxyl radical. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay showed the antioxidant capacity and cell culture studies in THP derived macrophages showed that the fractions inhibited the production of NO in LPS-stimulated THP1 derived macrophages.
Conclusion: The overall study showed that the proinflammatory role of free radicals in general and specifically NO in chronic inflammatory condition could be managed by the use of Kokilaksham kashayam. The inhibitory effect of Kokilaksham kashayam on NO production and free-radical scavenging activity, in general, proves that the vital phytoconstituents in the herbal decoction are responsible for the antioxidant activity thereby preventing or slowing the process of chronic inflammatory conditions.
HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF HIGH-RESISTANT STARCH ANALOG RICE THROUGH GLP-1 AND INSULIN OR HIGH-RESISTANT STARCH ANALOG RICE ATTENUATES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL THROUGH ENHANCEMENT OF GLP-1 AND INSULIN
Authors: HAIRRUDIN  , SOETJIPTO  , RETNO HANDAJANI  
Published: December 2019

Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of analog rice (AR) on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin serum levels, glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) expression, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level in diabetic rats.
Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats divided into the control group (n=10) and the experimental group. High-fat diet and streptozotocin were administered in experimental groups, which then divided into four equal groups (n=10, each) (negative control group, rice group, AR1 and AR2 group, given standard pellet, rice pellet, AR1 and AR2 pellet, respectively, for 6 weeks). GLP-1 and insulin serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of GLUT-2 and the number of pancreatic β-cells observed using an immunohistochemistry method.
Results: FBG levels in the AR1 and AR2 groups decreased, while the rice group remained. GLP-1 serum levels of the negative control and rice groups were not significantly different from the control group, while the AR1 and AR2 groups higher than the control group (p≤0.05). All the treatment groups had insulin serum levels significantly lower than control group (p≤0.05), except the AR1 group. The expression of GLUT-2 and the number of pancreatic β-cells in the treatment groups were less than the control group, but between treatment groups were not significantly different.
Conclusion: AR significantly effective in reducing FBG level in diabetic rats through stimulation of increased GLP-1 and insulin serum levels serum levels but AR did not affect on the expression of GLUT-2.
PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENERGY RESTRICTED CALCIUM DIET MODULATES THE INFLAMMATORY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE IN HEALTHY MALE RATS
Authors: SANDEEP DAS  , DIPAYAN CHOUDHURI  
Published: December 2019

Objective: Emerging evidence established the role of dietary calcium in the modulation of obesity. Obesity is known to induce inflammatory and oxidative stress in adipocytes resulting in several metabolic complications. In the present study, we evaluated the role of low and high calcium diet on systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress markers in both plasma and hepatic tissues in male rats.
Methods: A total of 30 male rats were divided into three groups and fed with control, low calcium (0.25%), and high calcium (1.0%) diet for 3 months. All the diets were isocaloric in nature. At the end of the treatment, all rats were sacrificed, followed by collection of blood and hepatic tissue for inflammatory, oxidative, antioxidant, and histological study.
Results: Rats fed with a low calcium diet showed a significant increase in the body weight gain, liver mass, plasma inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Low calcium diet significantly increased the lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and decreased the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in both plasma and liver. High calcium diet, on the other hand, showed the reversed effect.
Conclusion: Low calcium in the diet, along with obesity, increases the systemic inflammatory response, which in turn increases oxidative stress both in blood and hepatic tissues. This might be associated with obesity-induced hepatic disorder. High calcium in diet attenuates this effect.
PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION, GC-MS ANALYSIS OF PHYTOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES FROM LINUM USITATISSIMUM
Authors: THAMILMARAI SELVI B  , SATHAMMAI PRIYA N  , STEFFI PF  , PRIYADARSHNI S  
Published: December 2019

Objective: The flaxseed or linseed (Linum usitatissimum) is a minor oil seed belonging to the family Linaceae and genus Linum, which has been used as a precious nutritional food grain and folklore medicine in human diets for thousands of years and more. Recently, it has been used as a source of nutraceuticals and identified as a healthy component whose benefits on health are generally attributed to the high concentration of linolenic acids (omega 3) and lignans as well as significant quantities of dietary fiber including soluble and insoluble fibers.
Methods: The present study was carried out to assess the various phytochemical compositions, Gas chromatogram and Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and antibacterial potential of different extracts of L. usitatissimum.
Results: The crude extracts of L. usitatissimum revealed the presence of several biologically active phytochemicals with the highest quantity of steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, protein, and amino acids. The antibacterial potency was explored against pathogenic bacteria, and the highest inhibitory activity of ethanol and methanol extracts was obtained against Staphylococcus aureus. The GC-MS analysis provides different peaks determining the presence of 10 phytochemical compounds with different therapeutic activities. The phytoactive principles were described with their molecular formula, retention time, molecular weight, and peak area (%).
Conclusion: Our results confer the utility of this plant extract in developing novel broad-spectrum therapeutic agent.
ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF THE FRUIT OF ZIZIPHUS RUGOSA
Authors: PREMA G  , CHITRA M  
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the anatomical features of the fruit Ziziphus rugosa.
Methods: Surface view, longitudinal, transverse section (T.S), and powder microscopy of the fruits were studied.
Results: The fruit is a drupe and shows vertical, irregular brown markings on the surface. The surface of the seed has irregular reticulate thick marking of brown. The longitudinal sections (L.S) of the fruit show thin green epicarp, wide soft mesocarp, and dark brown thick endocarp. In longitudinal view, the seed shows a thick conical part, thick wide shell which is hard. In the cotyledon is more or less cordate,white and soft with shallow notch at the upper end. In T.S, the fruit appears circular with soft pericarp, thick dark brown seed coat of sclereids, and vertically elongated white cotyledon. The epicarp layer is broken at certain places. In the mesocarp, some of the cells have dense tannin content and others have mucilage substance. The mucilaginous canals are wide, unbranched, and wavy. Some of the mesocarp cells contain dense accumulation of protein bodies. The sclerotesta contains palisade or macrosclereids. The seed consists of two elliptical, flat cotyledons which show dense accumulation of starch grains and small less prominent vascular strand. The powder microscopy of the fruit contains abundant dark mucilaginous substance. Fragments of epidermal cells of the pericarp and mesocarp cells are frequently seen. The seed coat epidermal cells are polyhedral with lignified cell walls. The circular brachy sclereids were often seen in the mesophyll tissue of the fruit. The ground parenchyma with various shapes and size is also noticed.
Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of mucilaginous substance, tannin, sclereids, starch grains, and protein bodies. Therefore, this material will be efficient for eliminating some nutritional deficiency diseases.
EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXICITY AND APOPTOTIC POTENTIAL OF OPHIORRHIZA PECTINATA ARN. – A POTENT ANTICANCER AGENT
Authors: PREETHA MOL SN  , JOHN E THOPPIL  
Published: December 2019

Objective: Ophiorrhiza pectinata Arn., a notable species belonging to the family Rubiaceae, is reported to be used in traditional and conventional medicines. The present study was aimed at the evaluation of the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the aqueous extract of O. pectinata.
Methods: Cytotoxic potential of the plant extract was analyzed using Allium cepa assay and the apoptotic effect of the plant extract was analyzed using Evan’s blue staining technique.
Results: The extract was found to be cytotoxic at all tested concentrations, inducing several clastogenic and non-clastogenic aberrations at all the stages of mitosis. The clastogenic aberrations observed include chromosome coagulation, stickiness, chromosome bridges and fragments, nuclear lesions, and giant cells. Among non-clastogenic aberrations seen, the prominent ones were polyploidy, C-metaphase, stathmo-anaphase, ball metaphase, vagrants, tropokinesis, etc. The mitotic index was found to be decreasing with increase in concentration, whereas the abnormality percentage increased with an increase in the concentration of the plant extract. The in situ visualization of cell death by the Evan’s blue staining method gave a positive relation between the concentration of the extract and its apoptotic activity.
Conclusion: As cytotoxicity and apoptosis are bioactivities related to anticancer potential, the study proves that the plant is of high therapeutic efficacy and requires more exploration toward its usefulness in drug discovery.
A PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO SKIN PENETRATION OF MORUS ALBA ROOT EXTRACT NANOEMULSION
Authors: MAZAYA FADHILA  , ABDUL MUN IM  , MAHDI JUFRI  
Published: December 2019

Objective: White mulberry (Morus alba) root extract has terpenoid, flavonoid, and stilbene compounds. The stilbenes, oxyresveratrol and resveratrol, have antioxidant and antityrosinase activities. Nanocarriers can help active ingredients to be delivered in a more efficient manner. The advantages of nanoemulsion on products include increased penetration, biocompatibility, and low toxicity due to its non-ionic properties and have the ability to combine the properties of lipophilic and hydrophilic active ingredients. The objective of this study was to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro skin penetration of M. alba root extract nanoemulsion.
Methods: The M. alba root extract was prepared by ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction method. Nanoemulsion was optimized and prepared using virgin coconut oil (VCO), Tween 80, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) by aqueous phase-titration method to construct pseudoternary phase diagram. M. alba root extract nanoemulsion was characterized for droplet size, viscosity, zeta potential, and physical stability tests for 12 weeks. In vitro skin penetration of oxyresveratrol from nanoemulsion was determined by the Franz diffusion cell and was compared by macroemulsion preparation, then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography method.
Results: Based on pseudoternary phase diagram, nanoemulsion of white mulberry root extract contained of 2% VCO and 18% mixture of surfactant Tween 80 and PEG 400 (1:1) was chosen. Nanoemulsion has average globule size of 81.61 nm, with polydispersity index 0.22, and potential zeta −1.56 mV. The cumulative penetration of oxyresveratrol from nanoemulsion was 55.86 μg/cm2 with flux of 6.53 μg/cm2/h, while regular emulsion was 32.45 μg/cm2 with flux of 3.5501 μg/cm2/h.
Conclusion: Nanoemulsion of white mulberry root extract was penetrated deeper than regular emulsion.
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF TERMINALIA BELLIRICA FRUIT INSIDE
Authors: HAZRA K  
Published: December 2019

Objective: The fruit of Terminalia bellirica Roxb. or Baheda (Family Combretaceae) is an extensively used herb in traditional medicines. The fruit as a whole or a part of it is used in traditional healing. Fruit has two major parts, namely, pericarp and seed, pericarp, in turn, consists of epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. Ayurvedic compound formulations such as Triphala and Pathyadi contain pericarp of the fruit. The present study is aiming a comparative phytochemical investigation of fruit parts such as epicarp, mesocarp, and seed along with the whole fruit.
Methods: The study included physicochemical evaluation, phytochemical screening, biochemical assay, and thin-layer chromatography profile of the inner parts of the fruit.
Results: The study shows that seeds are rich in essential oil (13.25%), but very poor quantity of phenolics (0.65 gallic acid equivalent [GAE]) and flavonoids (0.77 quercetin equivalent [QE]) is present compared to epicarp (139.05 GAE and 141.26 QE) and mesocarp (135.23 GAE and 142.05 QE). In addition to that, qualitative phytochemical screening revealed that seeds are void of steroids and lignans.
Conclusion: The study concluded that seeds are less important in respect to the presence of secondary metabolites. It may also be concluded that mesocarp and epicarp are holding major responsibilities of therapeutic values imposed on the fruit.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Cr (III), Mn (III) and Fe (III) Schiff Base of Metals Complexes
Authors: Halder Kalpataru , Saha Utpal 
Published: December 2019

A novel synthesized Schiff base metal complexes Cr (III), Mn (III) and Fe (III) of 2-hydroxy-5-chloro acetophenone 2-imino-4-phenyl thiazole were prepared by condensed from 2-hydroxy-5-chloro acetophenone and 2-amino-4-phenyl thiazole have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, Infrared, 1H NMR, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibilities analysis. The Schiff base acts as a monobasic bidentate ligand commonly coordinates through the oxygen atom of phenolic OH group and the nitrogen atom of azomethine group, which is confirmed by IR spectral data. All the metal complexes have studies thermal properties and their thermal parameter.
Keyword: Schiff base, Magnetic, Thermal studies.
Estimation of Nortriptyline hydrochloride in Bulk and Formulation by UV-Spectrophotometric Area Under Curve Method
Authors: Abhang Suchita R. , Dhobale Shankar M. , Suryawanshi Akshada D. , Jadhav Suresh L. , Patel Salim G. 
Published: December 2019

The simple, precise and accurate UV-Spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the estimation of nortriptyline hydrochloride in bulk and dosage form. In that work was carried out for estimation of nortriptyline hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by utilizing area under curve (AUC) method. For this purpose the wavelength range 200-400nm was selected. DMSO was used as solvent throughout the work. Linearity was observed in concentration range 5-25µg/ml (R2 =0.996) for the method. The present method was found which can be used for routine quality control analysis for spectrophotometric estimation of Nortriptyline hydrochloride in bulk and dosage form.
Keywords: Nortriptyline hydrochloride, Area under curve (AUC), DMSO, UV-Spectrophotometric.
La participación como derecho en la preservación del patrimonio cultural de Santa Cruz desde una doble perspectiva: la legal y la de los actores involucrados en Puerto Deseado y Río Gallegos (2010-2018)
Authors: Ciselli Graciela , Duplatt Antonella , Hernández Marcelo 
Published: December 2019

En Argentina, el reconocimiento constitucional al patrimonio cultural lo ha colocado en un lugar privilegiado de tutela con responsabilidades para el Estado y los ciudadanos. A partir de la valoración de sus atributos como derecho colectivo, recurso cultural e identitario vinculado a la calidad de vida, factor dinamizador de las economías locales y generador de nuevos ingresos, los gobiernos locales están obligados a diseñar políticas patrimoniales no sólo que garanticen el ejercicio de los derechos culturales sino también que fomenten la preservación del patrimonio mediante la participación de los individuos, las comunidades o las ONGs reconocida en Pactos, Convenios y Protocolos ratificados por el Estado argentino. La Provincia de Santa Cruz ha generado políticas públicas para preservar el patrimonio cultural que interesa analizar desde un enfoque de derechos humanos.
Como propuesta metodológica se utilizan los tres tipos de indicadores de progreso (estructurales, de proceso y de resultado) en materia de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales (DESC) que propuso la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH, 2008) y que permiten organizar la información relevada facilitando el análisis de las acciones estatales para el cumplimiento del derecho. Para indagar en las opiniones de los actores locales se realizaron encuestas y entrevistas en profundidad en las localidades de Puerto Deseado y Río Gallegos.
PERSEPSI PASIEN RAWAT JALAN TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Lely Made , Suryati Tati 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Development in the health field today in addition to aiming for healing and recovery also to improve health and prevent the incidence of a disease in the community. The hospital is a place to provide health services for the community. The quality of health services can be seen from several perspectives: the perspective of the health care provider, the perspectives of the funder, the perspective of the owner of the health care facility and the patient's perspective. While patient satisfaction is the level of satisfaction experienced by patients after using health services. Quality of health services and customer satisfaction are the indicators of hospital service success. The purpose of this study was to know the description of patient satisfaction of referral of outpatient at District Hospital, Regional Hospital and Provincial Hospital. The study was conducted with cross sectional design, using questionnaire instrument. The respondent is an outpatient at the hospital who has finished receiving the service or finished treatment at the hospital, where if the patient age ≤ 15 years or difficult to communicate there must be a companion. Data retrieval is done by direct interviews to the patient or the patient's companion. The result of the research shows the description of satisfaction respondent/outpatient exit interview in the hospital that overall more than 80% of respondents /outpatient satisfied to service given in the hospital. Respondents/outpatients who work more satisfied than those who do not work, and non-PBI participants are more satisfied than the PBI participants. The conclusions of this study, most of the respondents / outpatients in hospitals are satisfied with the services provided by the hospital.
Keywords: outpatient perception, service quality, hospital
SURVEI DAERAH FOKUS KEONG HOSPES PERANTARA SCHISTOSOMIASIS DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL LORE LINDU SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Widjaja Junus , Nurwidayati Anis , Pakawangi Samarang , Maksud Malonda , Kurniawan Ade , Taruklobo Leonardo , Koraag Meiske , Syahnuddin Muchlis 
Published: December 2019

Schistosomiasis di Indonesia hanya ditemukan di tiga lokasi yaitu Dataran Tinggi Napu dan Dataran Tinggi Bada, Kabupaten Poso serta Dataran Tinggi Lindu, Kabupaten Sigi Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah.
Hasil survei fokus keong ada fokus keong yang berada di kawasan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu (TNLL) Sehingga banyak masyarakat menduga bahwa penyebaran fokus keong O.hupensis lindoensis juga terdapat di TNLL. Tujuan untuk memetakan daerah fokus keong perantara schistosomiasis di kawasan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu. Lokasi penelitian di 12 Desa yang masuk kawasan TNLL di Dataran Tinggi Napu, Dataran Tinggi Bada Kab. Poso dan Dataran Tinggi Lindu Kab. Sigi. Melakukan survei fokus /habitat dan survei keong. Pada kedua kegiatan ini dilakukan penentuan koordinat geografis/UTM dengan menggunakan GPS.Hasil survei menunjukan bahwa ditemukan 14 daerah fokus keong O.hupensis lindoensis yang tersebar di tiga desa yaitu Desa Sedoa, Desa Dodolo Kec.Lore Utara Kab. Poso dan Desa Anca Kec. Lindu Kab. Sigi