bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer prevention through weight control—where are we in 2020?
Authors: Anderson Annie S. , Renehan Andrew G. , Saxton John M. , Bell Joshua , Cade Janet , Cross Amanda J. , King Angela , Riboli Elio , Sniehotta Falko , Treweek Shaun , Martin Richard M. ,   On behalf of the UK NIHR Cancer and Nutrition Collaboration (Population Health Stream), Anderson Annie , Beeken Rebecca , Cade Janet , Cross Amanda , King Angela , Martin Richard , Mitrou Giota , Riboli Elio , Saxton John , Renehan Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGrowing data from epidemiological studies highlight the association between excess body fat and cancer incidence, but good indicative evidence demonstrates that intentional weight loss, as well as increasing physical activity, offers much promise as a cost-effective approach for reducing the cancer burden. However, clear gaps remain in our understanding of how changes in body fat or levels of physical activity are mechanistically linked to cancer, and the magnitude of their impact on cancer risk. It is important to investigate the causal link between programmes that successfully achieve short-term modest weight loss followed by weight-loss maintenance and cancer incidence. The longer-term impact of weight loss and duration of overweight and obesity on risk reduction also need to be fully considered in trial design. These gaps in knowledge need to be urgently addressed to expedite the development and implementation of future cancer-control strategies. Comprehensive approaches to trial design, Mendelian randomisation studies and data-linkage opportunities offer real possibilities to tackle current research gaps. In this paper, we set out the case for why non-pharmacological weight-management trials are urgently needed to support cancer-risk reduction and help control the growing global burden of cancer.
Cancer survivorship, excess body fatness and weight-loss intervention—where are we in 2020?
Authors: Anderson Annie S. , Martin Richard M. , Renehan Andrew G. , Cade Janet , Copson Ellen R. , Cross Amanda J. , Grimmett Chloe , Keaver Laura , King Angela , Riboli Elio , Shaw Clare , Saxton John M. ,   On behalf of the UK NIHR Cancer and Nutrition Collaboration (Population Health Stream), Anderson Annie , Beeken Rebecca , Cade Janet , Cross Amanda , King Angela , Martin Richard , Mitrou Giota , Riboli Elio , Saxton John , Renehan Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEarlier diagnosis and more effective treatments mean that the estimated number of cancer survivors in the United Kingdom is expected to reach 4 million by 2030. However, there is an increasing realisation that excess body fatness (EBF) is likely to influence the quality of cancer survivorship and disease-free survival. For decades, the discussion of weight management in patients with cancer has been dominated by concerns about unintentional weight loss, low body weight and interventions to increase weight, often re-enforced by the existence of the obesity paradox, which indicates that high body weight is associated with survival benefits for some types of cancer. However, observational evidence provides strong grounds for testing the hypothesis that interventions for promoting intentional loss of body fat and maintaining skeletal muscle in overweight and obese cancer survivors would bring important health benefits in terms of survival outcomes and long-term impact on treatment-related side effects. In this paper, we outline the need for studies to improve our understanding of the health benefits of weight-loss interventions, such as hypocaloric healthy-eating plans combined with physical activity. In particular, complex intervention trials that are pragmatically designed are urgently needed to develop effective, clinically practical, evidence-based strategies for reducing EBF and optimising body composition in people living with and beyond common cancers.
A unique hormonal recognition feature of the human glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor
Authors: Sun Wen , Chen Li-Nan , Zhou Qingtong , Zhao Li-Hua , Yang Dehua , Zhang Huibing , Cong Zhaotong , Shen Dan-Dan , Zhao Fenghui , Zhou Fulai , Cai Xiaoqing , Chen Yan , Zhou Yan , Gadgaard Sarina , van der Velden Wijnand J. C. , Zhao Suwen , Jiang Yi , Rosenkilde Mette M. , Xu H. Eric , Zhang Yan , Wang Ming-Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlucagon-like peptides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) are two proglucagon-derived intestinal hormones that mediate distinct physiological functions through two related receptors (GLP-1R and GLP-2R) which are important drug targets for metabolic disorders and Crohn’s disease, respectively. Despite great progress in GLP-1R structure determination, our understanding on the differences of peptide binding and signal transduction between these two receptors remains elusive. Here we report the electron microscopy structure of the human GLP-2R in complex with GLP-2 and a Gs heterotrimer. To accommodate GLP-2 rather than GLP-1, GLP-2R fine-tunes the conformations of the extracellular parts of transmembrane helices (TMs) 1, 5, 7 and extracellular loop 1 (ECL1). In contrast to GLP-1, the N-terminal histidine of GLP-2 penetrates into the receptor core with a unique orientation. The middle region of GLP-2 engages with TM1 and TM7 more extensively than with ECL2, and the GLP-2 C-terminus closely attaches to ECL1, which is the most protruded among 9 class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Functional studies revealed that the above three segments of GLP-2 are essential for GLP-2 recognition and receptor activation, especially the middle region. These results provide new insights into the molecular basis of ligand specificity in class B GPCRs and may facilitate the development of more specific therapeutics.
Single-cell profiling reveals the trajectories of natural killer cell differentiation in bone marrow and a stress signature induced by acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Crinier Adeline , Dumas Pierre-Yves , Escalière Bertrand , Piperoglou Christelle , Gil Laurine , Villacreces Arnaud , Vély Frédéric , Ivanovic Zoran , Milpied Pierre , Narni-Mancinelli Émilie , Vivier Éric 
Published: November 2020

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphoid cells (ILCs) involved in the killing of infected and tumor cells. Among human and mouse NK cells from the spleen and blood, we previously identified by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) two similar major subsets, NK1 and NK2. Using the same technology, we report here the identification, by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), of three NK cell subpopulations in human bone marrow. Pseudotime analysis identified a subset of resident CD56brightNK cells, NK0 cells, as the precursor of both circulating CD56dimNK1-like NK cells and CD56brightNK2-like NK cells in human bone marrow and spleen under physiological conditions. Transcriptomic profiles of bone marrow NK cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibited stress-induced repression of NK cell effector functions, highlighting the profound impact of this disease on NK cell heterogeneity. Bone marrow NK cells from AML patients exhibited reduced levels of CD160, but the CD160highgroup had a significantly higher survival rate.
Wisp1 is a circulating factor that stimulates proliferation of adult mouse and human beta cells
Authors: Fernandez-Ruiz Rebeca , García-Alamán Ainhoa , Esteban Yaiza , Mir-Coll Joan , Serra-Navarro Berta , Fontcuberta-PiSunyer Marta , Broca Christophe , Armanet Mathieu , Wojtusciszyn Anne , Kram Vardit , Young Marian F. , Vidal Josep , Gomis Ramon , Gasa Rosa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExpanding the mass of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells through re-activation of beta cell replication has been proposed as a therapy to prevent or delay the appearance of diabetes. Pancreatic beta cells exhibit an age-dependent decrease in their proliferative activity, partly related to changes in the systemic environment. Here we report the identification of CCN4/Wisp1 as a circulating factor more abundant in pre-weaning than in adult mice. We show that Wisp1 promotes endogenous and transplanted adult beta cell proliferation in vivo. We validate these findings using isolated mouse and human islets and find that the beta cell trophic effect of Wisp1 is dependent on Akt signaling. In summary, our study reveals the role of Wisp1 as an inducer of beta cell replication, supporting the idea that the use of young blood factors may be a useful strategy to expand adult beta cell mass.
Prevention of CaCl2-induced aortic inflammation and subsequent aneurysm formation by the CCL3–CCR5 axis
Authors: Ishida Yuko , Kuninaka Yumi , Nosaka Mizuho , Kimura Akihiko , Taruya Akira , Furuta Machi , Mukaida Naofumi , Kondo Toshikazu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines are crucially involved in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Here we report that CaCl2 application into abdominal aorta induces AAA with intra-aortic infiltration of macrophages as well as enhanced expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) and MMP-9. Moreover, infiltrating macrophages express C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5, a specific receptor for CCL3) and MMP-9. Both Ccl3−/− mice and Ccr5−/− but not Ccr1−/− mice exhibit exaggerated CaCl2-inducced AAA with augmented macrophage infiltration and MMP-9 expression. Similar observations are also obtained on an angiotensin II-induced AAA model. Immunoneutralization of CCL3 mimics the phenotypes observed in CaCl2-treated Ccl3−/− mice. On the contrary, CCL3 treatment attenuates CaCl2-induced AAA in both wild-type and Ccl3−/− mice. Consistently, we find that the CCL3–CCR5 axis suppresses PMA-induced enhancement of MMP-9 expression in macrophages. Thus, CCL3 can be effective to prevent the development of CaCl2-induced AAA by suppressing MMP-9 expression.
Cellular and gene signatures of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells and natural-killer cells predict prognosis of neuroblastoma
Authors: Melaiu Ombretta , Chierici Marco , Lucarini Valeria , Jurman Giuseppe , Conti Libenzio Adrian , De Vito Rita , Boldrini Renata , Cifaldi Loredana , Castellano Aurora , Furlanello Cesare , Barnaba Vincenzo , Locatelli Franco , Fruci Doriana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes play an essential role in improving clinical outcome of neuroblastoma (NB) patients, but their relationship with other tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the T cell-inflamed tumors remains poorly investigated. Here we show that dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells are positively correlated with T-cell infiltration in human NB, both at transcriptional and protein levels, and associate with a favorable prognosis. Multiplex imaging displays DC/NK/T cell conjugates in the tumor microenvironment of low-risk NB. Remarkably, this connection is further strengthened by the identification of gene signatures related to DCs and NK cells able to predict survival of NB patients and strongly correlate with the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1. In summary, our findings unveil a key prognostic role of DCs and NK cells and indicate their related gene signatures as promising tools for the identification of clinical biomarkers to better define risk stratification and survival of NB patients.
No evidence for increased transmissibility from recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2
Authors: van Dorp Lucy , Richard Damien , Tan Cedric C. S. , Shaw Liam P. , Acman Mislav , Balloux François 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which jumped into the human population in late 2019 from a currently uncharacterised animal reservoir. Due to this recent association with humans, SARS-CoV-2 may not yet be fully adapted to its human host. This has led to speculations that SARS-CoV-2 may be evolving towards higher transmissibility. The most plausible mutations under putative natural selection are those which have emerged repeatedly and independently (homoplasies). Here, we formally test whether any homoplasies observed in SARS-CoV-2 to date are significantly associated with increased viral transmission. To do so, we develop a phylogenetic index to quantify the relative number of descendants in sister clades with and without a specific allele. We apply this index to a curated set of recurrent mutations identified within a dataset of 46,723 SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from patients worldwide. We do not identify a single recurrent mutation in this set convincingly associated with increased viral transmission. Instead, recurrent mutations currently in circulation appear to be evolutionary neutral and primarily induced by the human immune system via RNA editing, rather than being signatures of adaptation. At this stage we find no evidence for significantly more transmissible lineages of SARS-CoV-2 due to recurrent mutations.
Photosynthetic hydrogen production by droplet-based microbial micro-reactors under aerobic conditions
Authors: Xu Zhijun , Wang Shengliang , Zhao Chunyu , Li Shangsong , Liu Xiaoman , Wang Lei , Li Mei , Huang Xin , Mann Stephen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe spontaneous self-assembly of multicellular ensembles into living materials with synergistic structure and function remains a considerable challenge in biotechnology and synthetic biology. Here, we exploit the aqueous two-phase separation of dextran-in-PEG emulsion micro-droplets for the capture, spatial organization and immobilization of algal cells or algal/bacterial cell communities to produce discrete multicellular spheroids capable of both aerobic (oxygen producing) and hypoxic (hydrogen producing) photosynthesis in daylight under air. We show that localized oxygen depletion results in hydrogen production from the core of the algal microscale reactor, and demonstrate that enhanced levels of hydrogen evolution can be achieved synergistically by spontaneously enclosing the photosynthetic cells within a shell of bacterial cells undergoing aerobic respiration. Our results highlight a promising droplet-based environmentally benign approach to dispersible photosynthetic microbial micro-reactors comprising segregated cellular micro-niches with dual functionality, and provide a step towards photobiological hydrogen production under aerobic conditions.
Spatial proteomics defines the content of trafficking vesicles captured by golgin tethers
Authors: Shin John J. H. , Crook Oliver M. , Borgeaud Alicia C. , Cattin-Ortolá Jérôme , Peak-Chew Sew Y. , Breckels Lisa M. , Gillingham Alison K. , Chadwick Jessica , Lilley Kathryn S. , Munro Sean 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntracellular traffic between compartments of the secretory and endocytic pathways is mediated by vesicle-based carriers. The proteomes of carriers destined for many organelles are ill-defined because the vesicular intermediates are transient, low-abundance and difficult to purify. Here, we combine vesicle relocalisation with organelle proteomics and Bayesian analysis to define the content of different endosome-derived vesicles destined for the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The golgin coiled-coil proteins golgin-97 and GCC88, shown previously to capture endosome-derived vesicles at the TGN, were individually relocalised to mitochondria and the content of the subsequently re-routed vesicles was determined by organelle proteomics. Our findings reveal 45 integral and 51 peripheral membrane proteins re-routed by golgin-97, evidence for a distinct class of vesicles shared by golgin-97 and GCC88, and various cargoes specific to individual golgins. These results illustrate a general strategy for analysing intracellular sub-proteomes by combining acute cellular re-wiring with high-resolution spatial proteomics.
Multiple wheat genomes reveal global variation in modern breeding
Authors: Walkowiak Sean , Gao Liangliang , Monat Cecile , Haberer Georg , Kassa Mulualem T. , Brinton Jemima , Ramirez-Gonzalez Ricardo H. , Kolodziej Markus C. , Delorean Emily , Thambugala Dinushika , Klymiuk Valentyna , Byrns Brook , Gundlach Heidrun , Bandi Venkat , Siri Jorge Nunez , Nilsen Kirby , Aquino Catharine , Himmelbach Axel , Copetti Dario , Ban Tomohiro , Venturini Luca , Bevan Michael , Clavijo Bernardo , Koo Dal-Hoe , Ens Jennifer , Wiebe Krystalee , N’Diaye Amidou , Fritz Allen K. , Gutwin Carl , Fiebig Anne , Fosker Christine , Fu Bin Xiao , Accinelli Gonzalo Garcia , Gardner Keith A. , Fradgley Nick , Gutierrez-Gonzalez Juan , Halstead-Nussloch Gwyneth , Hatakeyama Masaomi , Koh Chu Shin , Deek Jasline , Costamagna Alejandro C. , Fobert Pierre , Heavens Darren , Kanamori Hiroyuki , Kawaura Kanako , Kobayashi Fuminori , Krasileva Ksenia , Kuo Tony , McKenzie Neil , Murata Kazuki , Nabeka Yusuke , Paape Timothy , Padmarasu Sudharsan , Percival-Alwyn Lawrence , Kagale Sateesh , Scholz Uwe , Sese Jun , Juliana Philomin , Singh Ravi , Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie , Swarbreck David , Cockram James , Budak Hikmet , Tameshige Toshiaki , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Tsuji Hiroyuki , Wright Jonathan , Wu Jianzhong , Steuernagel Burkhard , Small Ian , Cloutier Sylvie , Keeble-Gagnère Gabriel , Muehlbauer Gary , Tibbets Josquin , Nasuda Shuhei , Melonek Joanna , Hucl Pierre J. , Sharpe Andrew G. , Clark Matthew , Legg Erik , Bharti Arvind , Langridge Peter , Hall Anthony , Uauy Cristobal , Mascher Martin , Krattinger Simon G. , Handa Hirokazu , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Distelfeld Assaf , Chalmers Ken , Keller Beat , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Poland Jesse , Stein Nils , McCartney Curt A. , Spannagl Manuel , Wicker Thomas , Pozniak Curtis J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvances in genomics have expedited the improvement of several agriculturally important crops but similar efforts in wheat (Triticumspp.) have been more challenging. This is largely owing to the size and complexity of the wheat genome1, and the lack of genome-assembly data for multiple wheat lines2,3. Here we generated ten chromosome pseudomolecule and five scaffold assemblies of hexaploid wheat to explore the genomic diversity among wheat lines from global breeding programs. Comparative analysis revealed extensive structural rearrangements, introgressions from wild relatives and differences in gene content resulting from complex breeding histories aimed at improving adaptation to diverse environments, grain yield and quality, and resistance to stresses4,5. We provide examples outlining the utility of these genomes, including a detailed multi-genome-derived nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein repertoire involved in disease resistance and the characterization ofSm16, a gene associated with insect resistance. These genome assemblies will provide a basis for functional gene discovery and breeding to deliver the next generation of modern wheat cultivars.
The symptoms of autism including social communication deficits and repetitive and restricted behaviors are associated with different emotional and behavioral problems
Authors: Tsai Ching-Hong , Chen Kuan-Lin , Li Hsing-Jung , Chen Kuan-Hsu , Hsu Chao-Wei , Lu Chun-Hsiung , Hsieh Kuan-Ying , Huang Chien-Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the associations between symptoms of autism and emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder from both caregivers’ and clinicians’ perspectives. Three main findings were found in our study. First, the association patterns were similar in the preschool and school-aged children. Second, different association patterns were found from caregivers’ and professionals’ perspectives. From the professionals’ perspective, only repetitive behaviors were associated with behavioral problems, while from the caregivers’ perspective, all symptoms of autism were associated with emotional and behavioral problems. Third, different types of symptoms of autism were associated with different types of emotional and behavioral problems. For example, from the professionals’ perspective, restricted and repetitive behaviors were only associated with hyperactivity and inattention. From the caregivers’ perspective, social emotion was associated with emotional symptoms, and other symptoms of autism were associated with hyperactivity and inattention, as well as with peer problems. The results of our study provided deeper understanding of the relationships between symptoms of autism and emotional and behavioral problems, and the findings could serve as a reference for intervention planning when clinicians approach children with autism spectrum disorder.
Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes
Authors: Pilla Rachel M. , Williamson Craig E. , Adamovich Boris V. , Adrian Rita , Anneville Orlane , Chandra Sudeep , Colom-Montero William , Devlin Shawn P. , Dix Margaret A. , Dokulil Martin T. , Gaiser Evelyn E. , Girdner Scott F. , Hambright K. David , Hamilton David P. , Havens Karl , Hessen Dag O. , Higgins Scott N. , Huttula Timo H. , Huuskonen Hannu , Isles Peter D. F. , Joehnk Klaus D. , Jones Ian D. , Keller Wendel Bill , Knoll Lesley B. , Korhonen Johanna , Kraemer Benjamin M. , Leavitt Peter R. , Lepori Fabio , Luger Martin S. , Maberly Stephen C. , Melack John M. , Melles Stephanie J. , Müller-Navarra Dörthe C. , Pierson Don C. , Pislegina Helen V. , Plisnier Pierre-Denis , Richardson David C. , Rimmer Alon , Rogora Michela , Rusak James A. , Sadro Steven , Salmaso Nico , Saros Jasmine E. , Saulnier-Talbot Émilie , Schindler Daniel E. , Schmid Martin , Shimaraeva Svetlana V. , Silow Eugene A. , Sitoki Lewis M. , Sommaruga Ruben , Straile Dietmar , Strock Kristin E. , Thiery Wim , Timofeyev Maxim A. , Verburg Piet , Vinebrooke Rolf D. , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A. , Zadereev Egor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlobally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970–2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of + 0.37 °C decade−1, comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+ 0.08 kg m−3decade−1). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+ 0.06 °C decade−1), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from − 0.68 °C decade−1to + 0.65 °C decade−1. The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences.