bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impairment of a distinct cancer-associated fibroblast population limits tumour growth and metastasis
Authors: Jungwirth Ute , van Weverwijk Antoinette , Jenkins Liam , Alexander John , Vicente David , Gao Qiong , Haider Syed , Iravani Marjan , Isacke Clare M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProfiling studies have revealed considerable phenotypic heterogeneity in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) present within the tumour microenvironment, however, functional characterisation of different CAF subsets is hampered by the lack of specific markers defining these populations. Here we show that genetic deletion of the Endo180 (MRC2) receptor, predominantly expressed by a population of matrix-remodelling CAFs, profoundly limits tumour growth and metastasis; effects that can be recapitulated in 3D co-culture assays. This impairment results from a CAF-intrinsic contractility defect and reduced CAF viability which, coupled with the lack of phenotype in the normal mouse, demonstrates that upregulated Endo180 expression by a specific, potentially targetable CAF subset is required to generate a supportive tumour microenvironment. Further, characterisation of a tumour subline selected via serialin vivopassage for its ability to overcome these stromal defects provides important insight into how tumour cells adapt to a non-activated stroma in the early stages of metastatic colonisation.
Industrial districts and the fourth industrial revolution
Authors: Bettiol Marco , Capestro Mauro , De Marchi Valentina , Di Maria Eleonora , Sedita Silvia Rita 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to explore if firms located in industrial districts (IDs) have different adoption paths concerning Industry 4.0 technologies and get different results with respect to other similar firms located outside IDs.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a quantitative analysis related to an original data set of 206 Italian manufacturing firms specializing in made in Italy industries and adopting Industry 4.0 technologies. A case study of a district firm is also presented to explain the rationale of investment strategies and results obtained.

Findings
The analysis shows that there are differences between district and non-district firms when Industry 4.0 technology investments are concerned (higher investment rate in big data/cloud and augmented reality for district firms than non-district ones). In contrast to a breakthrough view of the fourth industrial revolution, the study suggests that 4.0 technologies emphasize the peculiarities and competitiveness factors typical of the district model in terms of customization and flexibility. There are differences in the motivations of adoption (product diversification for district firms vs productivity enhancement for non-district firms) and in the results achieved.

Originality/value
The paper is one of the first attempts to empirically explore the technological innovation paths related to Industry 4.0 within IDs, therefore, contributing to the debate on the possible evolution of the district model
Obstetric haemorrhage and risk of cardiovascular disease after three decades: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ukah UV , Platt RW , Potter BJ , Paradis G , Dayan N , He S , Auger N 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between obstetric haemorrhage and cardiovascular disease up to three decades after pregnancy.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.Setting and populationAll women who delivered between 1989 and 2016 in Quebec, Canada.MethodsUsing hospital admissions data, 1 224 975 women were followed from their first delivery until March 2018. The main exposure measures were antenatal (placenta praevia, placental abruption, peripartum haemorrhage) or postpartum haemorrhage, with or without transfusion. Adjusted Cox regression models were used to assess the association between obstetric haemorrhage and future cardiovascular disease.Main outcome measureCardiovascular hospitalisation.ResultsAmong 104 291 (8.5%) women with haemorrhage, 4612 (4.4%) required transfusion. Women with haemorrhage had a higher incidence of cardiovascular hospitalisation than women without haemorrhage (15.5 versus 14.1 per 10 000 person‐years; 2437 versus 28 432 events). Risk of cardiovascular hospitalisation was higher for obstetric haemorrhage, with or without transfusion, compared with no haemorrhage (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.10). Women with haemorrhage and transfusion had a substantially greater risk of cardiovascular hospitalisation (aHR 1.47, 95% CI 1.23–1.76). Among transfused women, placental abruption (aHR 1.79, 95% CI 1.06–3.00) and postpartum haemorrhage (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.13–1.68) were both associated with risk of cardiovascular hospitalisation. Antenatal haemorrhage with transfusion was associated with 2.46 times the risk of cardiovascular hospitalisation at 5 years (95% CI 1.59–3.80) and 2.14 times the risk at 10 years (95% CI 1.47–3.12).ConclusionsObstetric haemorrhage requiring transfusion is associated with maternal cardiovascular disease. The benefit of cardiovascular risk prevention in pregnant women with obstetric haemorrhage requires further investigation.Tweetable abstractRisk of future cardiovascular disease is increased for women with obstetric haemorrhage who require transfusion.
Evolution and risk factors of anal incontinence during the first 6 years after first delivery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Johannessen HH , Mørkved S , Stordahl A , Wibe A , Falk RS 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo explore changes in prevalence of anal incontinence (AI) from late first pregnancy to 6 years postpartum, and to evaluate possible risk factors for changes in AI during the 6‐year period.DesignProspective longitudinal cohort study.SettingTwo Norwegian health regions.Population or sampleWomen with first deliveries between May 2009 and December 2010.MethodsParticipants reported AI in late pregnancy, 6 months, 1 and 6 years after first delivery using postal or digital questionnaires. AI prevalence was calculated, and mixed effects Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were applied.Main outcome measuresAI from late pregnancy to 6 years postpartum.ResultsAmong 1571 participants, 65% had normal vaginal first deliveries, 20% had vaginal deliveries complicated by instrumental intervention and/or obstetric anal sphincter injury (IVD ± OASIS). Nearly 1 in 10 women reported persistent incontinence during the 6 years. The overall AI prevalence was reduced from late pregnancy to 1 year postpartum for all modes of delivery. At 6 years postpartum, women with IVD ± OASIS had a higher AI prevalence (23%; 95% CI 16–30%) compared with women with caesarean section (8%; 95% CI 2–13%) or normal vaginal delivery (12%; 95% CI 9–16%). Moreover, women who were <23 years, ≥34 years, unemployed during first pregnancy, who had active bowel disease (PR: 2.4; 95% CI 2.0–2.7), or bowel evacuation problems during the 6‐year period had higher AI prevalence.ConclusionsMode of first delivery modified AI prevalence during the 6‐year period, whereas age, bowel disease and bowel evacuation problems were associated with higher prevalence of AI from late first pregnancy to 6 years postpartum.Tweetable abstractComplicated vaginal delivery, age and bowel emptying problems increase the risk of long‐term anal incontinence.
Can weekly discussions in a sensory science course influence student's perception and confidence in their professional success skills?
Authors: Albiol Tapia Marta , Lee Soo‐Yeun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Institute of Food Technologists’ (IFT) success skills highlight the importance of developing professional skills in the food science curriculum. On the other hand, many students in higher education report that the public school system feels disconnected and unrelated to their future. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate student's perceived importance of professional skills, as well as to enhance their awareness and confidence in them. Students in a sensory science class at the University of Illinois completed a questionnaire at the beginning, middle, and end of the semester to assess their opinion of and self‐assurance in professional skills, such as writing technical reports, providing leadership, making formal presentations, and applying critical thinking. During the semester, students received basic training and guidelines on each skill and were given assignments and activities to practice them as part of their coursework. Results showed increased knowledge about the existence of IFT core competencies, as well as an increased motivation to practice success skills regularly. They also showed an increased perceived importance of presentation skills, leadership, dealing with group conflict, researching scientific information, and library resources. Confidence in 80% of the skills increased significantly by the end of the semester, after students had been presented with opportunities to practice and discuss the skills in groups. Students were also able to relate their learning of specific success skills to different course assignments. This study concluded that a general exposure to the importance of practicing professional skills in a college setting enhanced student's experiences and awareness by connecting them to their future professional careers.
A highly sensitive monoclonal antibody−based paper sensor for simultaneously detecting valnemulin and tiamulin in porcine liver
Authors: Na Guanqiong , Hu Xiaofei , Sun Yaning , Kwee Sharon , Xing Guangxu , Xing Yunrui , Zhang Gaiping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractValnemulin (VAL) and tiamulin (TIA) are pleuromutilin antibiotics used primarily for treating bacterial infections in swine or other food animals. Furthermore, VAL and TIA are also employed as feed additives to promote animal growth. However, the illegal use of VAL and TIA could cause a series of hazards to consumers. Here, VAL was designed to be conjugated with bovine serum protein to prepare immunogen. A highly sensitive monoclonal antibody that recognized both VAL and TIA has been successfully produced. Moreover, an immunochromatographic strip assay for rapidly screening VAL and TIA in porcine liver was established with visual detection limits (cutoff values) of 50 and 25 ng/g, respectively. The IC50 values calculated from the equation of the standard curve were 6.06 and 3.45 ng/g and the limits of detection were 0.96 and 0.29 ng/g for VAL and TIA. According to the recovery experiment results, the test strip exhibited acceptable accuracy and precision. Generally, the proposed strip provided a practical tool for the detection of VAL and TIA.Practical ApplicationWe produced a highly sensitive monoclonal antibody and developed an immunoassay strip for simultaneously monitoring TIA and VAL. Additionally it was preliminarily confirmed that the rapid detection tool was suitable for screening TIA and VAL in porcine liver.
Allicin enhances the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells via inhibition of NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Wen‐liang , Wu Shu‐fen , Xu Song‐tao , Ma Yong‐chao , Wang Rui , Jin Shaoju , Zhou Shan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRadioresistance is an important factor affecting the radiotherapy effect of colorectal cancer (CRC). Allicin is a versatile sulfur‐containing organic compound extracted from garlic (Allium sativum L.), which has many pharmacological effects. However, the effect of allicin on the sensitivity of CRC radiotherapy has not been confirmed. The present study is to observe the radiosensitivity effects of allicin and to explore its mechanism in CRC radiotherapy. The proliferation inhibition effects of allicin combined with X‐ray radiotherapy in HCT116 cells were measured by growth curve of cell and colony formation assays. The cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 nucleus staining assay. The migration ability of cells was detected by Transwell chamber migration assay. The animal model of CRC was established in BALB/c mice via transplantation of CT26 cell, and the radiosensitization effect of allicin on CRC was detected in vivo. The mRNA expressions of NF‐κB, IKKβ, and IκBα were analyzed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The protein expressions of NF‐κB, p‐NF‐κB, IKKβ, p‐IKKβ, IκBα, and p‐IκBα were detected by western blotting. Our results showed that allicin improves the sensitivity of X‐ray radiotherapy in CRC, and its mechanism may be associated with inhibition of NF‐κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that allicin may be used as a potential sensitizer for tumor radiotherapy in the clinic.
Gender differences in molecular‐guided therapy recommendations for metastatic malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Taghizadeh Hossein , Zöchbauer‐Müller Sabine , Mader Robert M. , Müllauer Leonhard , Klikovits Thomas , Bachleitner‐Hofmann Thomas , Hoda Mir A. , Prager Gerald W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer and has a poor prognosis. Here, we analyzed the feasibility, molecular and gender aspects of targeted therapy recommendations for malignant mesothelioma based on the individual molecular tumor profile.MethodsIn this single‐center, real‐world retrospective analysis of our platform for precision medicine, we evaluated the molecular profiling of malignant mesothelioma in 14 patients, including nine men and five women. Tumor samples of the patients were examined with a 50 gene next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, to detect possible molecular aberrations which may be targeted by off‐label therapy custom‐tailored to the individual patient.ResultsIn total, we identified 11 mutations in six of the 14 patients, including BAP1, FANCA, NF1, NF2, PD‐L1, RAD52D, SETD2, SRC, and TP53. No mutation was detected in eight of the 14 patients. Targeted therapy was recommended for 11 out of the 14 patients. All recommendations were mainly based on the molecular characteristics determined by immunohistochemistry. Targeted therapy recommendations were significantly more often for men than women due to gender‐specific differences in PDGFRα expression. Eventually, four patients received the targeted therapy, of whom one patient subsequently achieved stable disease.ConclusionsOur observations suggest that a molecular‐guided treatment approach is feasible for the management of advanced malignant mesothelioma. Our analysis revealed gender specific differences in PDGFRα expression that should be further evaluated in clinical trials.
The Lifespan of Ethnographic Reports: The Predicament of Returns to the Field
Authors: Shokeid Moshe 
Published: May 2020

SummaryOnly a minority among our colleagues enjoy the opportunity to revisit their earlier fieldwork sites, reviewing their initial observations and research conclusions. This paper presents the researcher’s experience witnessing the dramatic social transformations that have taken place owing to internal and external processes, in three fieldwork sites over twenty to thirty years. The subjects of his ethnographic monographs: Moroccan Jewish immigrants in an Israeli farming community; Israeli emigrants in the Borough of Queens; the gay and lesbian synagogue in New York City. These evolutionary changes, unconceivable during the studied period but inevitable aftereffects of most ethnographic projects, present a reality that anthropologists rarely consider in their work and teaching. Expanding ethnographic perspective involves a more sensitive assessment of fieldwork records considering the mutability of ethnographic observations and conclusions.
Impact of neoadjuvant therapy on post‐operative pancreatic fistula: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kamarajah Sivesh K. , Bundred James R. , Boyle Charles , Oo June , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Loveday Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe use of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for pancreatic cancer is increasing, although its impact on post‐operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is variably reported. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the impact of NAT on POPF.MethodsA systematic literature search until October 2019 identified studies reporting POPF following NAT (radiotherapy, chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) versus upfront resection. The primary outcome was overall POPF. Secondary outcomes included grade B/C POPF, delayed gastric emptying (DGE), post‐operative pancreatic haemorrhage (PPH) and overall and major complications.ResultsThe search identified 24 studies: pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), 19 studies (n = 19 416) and distal pancreatectomy (DP), five studies (n = 477). Local staging was reported in 17 studies, with borderline resectable and locally advanced disease comprising 6% (0–100%) and 1% (0–33%) of the population, respectively. For PD, any NAT was significantly associated with lower rates of overall POPF (OR: 0.57, P < 0.001) and grade B/C POPF (OR: 0.55, P < 0.001). In DP, NAT was not associated with significantly lower rates of overall or grade B/C POPF.ConclusionNAT is associated with significantly lower rates of POPF after PD but not after DP. Further studies are required to determine whether NAT should be added to POPF risk calculators.
Who tolerates early enteral feeding after colorectal surgery?
Authors: Naresh Divya , Kefalianos John , Watters David , Stupart Douglas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly enteral feeding and avoidance of routine nasogastric tube (NGT) placement have become standard care following colorectal surgery. However, some patients require NGT decompression post‐operatively for vomiting or distension.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing elective intra‐abdominal colorectal surgery at University Hospital, Geelong, from 2014 to 2018. Failure of early feeding was defined by the placement of an NGT post‐operatively, beyond the day of surgery.ResultsA total of 754 patients were identified. Of these, 28 were excluded due to protocol violations (NGT was left in situ at the end of the operation), leaving 726 patients that were included in the analysis. Overall, 156/726 (21%) patients failed early feeding. The strongest independent predictor of failure was undergoing a total or subtotal colectomy compared with all other operations (15/28 (54%) failed versus 141/698 (20%); P < 0.001). Laparoscopic surgery was independently associated with a lower risk of failure compared with open surgery (43/278 (15%) versus 113/448 (25%); P = 0.002). Risk of failure was not associated with gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, indication for procedure, presence of anastomosis or duration of surgery.ConclusionLaparoscopic surgery is associated with a lower risk of failure of early feeding compared with open surgery. Patients undergoing subtotal or total colectomy have a high rate (54%) of failure. This may assist in selecting appropriate patients for early feeding after colorectal surgery.
Faecal calprotectin and gut microbiota do not predict enteropathy in very preterm infants
Authors: Campeotto Florence , Elie Caroline , Rousseau Clotilde , Giuseppi Agnès , Hachem Taymme , Gobalakichenane Ponny , Le Touzey Mathilde , de Stefano Marie , Butel Marie‐José , Kapel Nathalie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimVery preterm birth is associated with a high risk of enteropathies. Diagnosis is challenging, especially in mild forms, leading to unnecessary periods of cessation of enteral feeding. This study aimed at establishing a prognosis score of enteropathy combining clinical parameters and faecal calprotectin concentration.MethodsThis prospective multicentric study included preterm neonates born at a gestational age of 33 weeks or less. Stools were collected weekly until hospital discharge, and daily in case of digestive events for calprotectin measurement (ELISA and immunochromatography) and microbiota analyses (16S rRNA gene sequencing).ResultsAmong the 121 neonates included, 21 experienced at least one episode of enteropathy, mainly mild forms. By ELISA testing, median faecal calprotectin was 88 (8‐798) µg/g faeces. No statistically significant association was found between the outset of enteropathy and maternal and neonatal characteristics, and calprotectin levels. The agreement between ELISA and immunochromatography assay was moderate (intra‐class correlation coefficient 0.58, 95%CI [0.47‐0.66]). Comparison of species diversity and relative bacterial abundance profiles between infants with or without enteropathy revealed no specific alterations associated with enteropathy.ConclusionThe study failed to propose a prognostic score of enteropathy, probably due the large inter‐ and intra‐individual variability of faecal calprotectin in very preterm neonates.
Improvement of dental prescribing practices using education and a prescribing tool: A pilot intervention study
Authors: Teoh Leanne , Stewart Kay , Marino Rodrigo J , McCullough Michael J 
Published: May 2020

AimsAntibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. Around 55% of dental antibiotic prescribing is deemed inappropriate. The aim of this multimodal interventional pilot study was to assess the effect on prescribing of education and a dentally designed prescribing website.MethodsTwenty‐six dentists were recruited for the 12‐week study using a pre–post design. Dentists self‐recorded their prescribing of antibiotics, analgesics and anxiolytics for 6 weeks. After dentists were provided education and website access, they recorded their prescribing for a further 6 weeks. Four outcomes were measured comparing the prescribing before and after the intervention: (i) the number of inappropriate indications for which antibiotics were prescribed; (ii) the number of prescriptions; (iii) accuracy of the prescriptions according to the Australian therapeutic guidelines; and (iv) the confidence of practitioners towards the prescribing website. Participants were interviewed for feedback.ResultsThere was a substantial reduction of 44.6% in the number of inappropriate indications for which antibiotics were prescribed after the intervention and a decrease of 40.5% in the total number of antibiotics. Paracetamol with codeine substantially reduced by 56.8%. For the 3 most commonly prescribed antibiotics (amoxicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin and metronidazole), there was the improvement in the accuracy of the prescriptions ranging from 0–64.7 to 74.2–100%.ConclusionThis pilot study showed the intervention of targeted education and the prescribing tool was effective in improving dental prescribing, knowledge and confidence of practitioners, as well as providing an effective antibiotic stewardship tool. This context‐specific intervention shows substantial promise for implementation into dental practice.