bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Zugang zu gesundheitlicher Versorgung nach Einführung der
elektronischen Gesundheitskarte: die Sicht geflüchteter
Patient(inn)en
Authors: Rolke Kristin , Wenner Judith , Razum Oliver 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Der Zugang zur gesundheitlichen Versorgung für
Geflüchtete wird bundesweit in den Kommunen unterschiedlich organisiert,
sowohl im Hinblick auf die Organisation von (sozialarbeiterischen bzw.
kommunalen) Unterstützungsangeboten als auch durch die Wahl des
Zugangsmodells (elektronische Gesundheitskarte/eGK-Modell oder
Behandlungsschein/BHS-Modell). In den letzten Jahren haben einige
Bundesländer und Kommunen die Versorgung geflüchteter
Patient(inn)en auf das Zugangsmodell mit eGK umgestellt. Wir analysieren auf
Grundlage von Daten aus Nordrhein-Westfalen, wie sich der Zugang zur
gesundheitlichen Versorgung aus Sicht Geflüchteter gestaltet und welche
Rolle das Versorgungsmodell (eGK vs. BHS) dabei spielt.
Methodik In 3 Kommunen in NRW (2 mit BHS und eine mit eGK) wurden
insgesamt 31 Interviews mit Geflüchteten zu 2 Erhebungszeitpunkten
(Aufenthalt in Deutschland ≤ 15 und > 15 Monate)
geführt, um den unterschiedlichen Anspruch auf Versorgungsleistungen zu
berücksichtigen. Dabei sollte eine maximale Variation der
Interviewpartner(inn)en in Bezug auf Alter, Geschlecht, chronische Krankheiten,
Schwangerschaft und Elternschaft erreicht werden. Die Interviews wurden mit
Unterstützung von Dolmetscher(inne)n geführt. Die Transkripte
der Interviews wurden computergestützt (atlas.ti8) durch eine
Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Der Genehmigungsprozess durch das Sozialamt führt in
Kommunen mit BHS-Modell zu zusätzlicher Wartezeit für (Weiter-)
Behandlungen. Der direktere Zugang durch das eGK-Modell sowie der Wegfall der
Leistungseinschränkungen nach 15 Monaten Aufenthalt können den
Zugang zur Versorgung besonders für chronisch erkrankte
Geflüchtete erleichtern. Der Erstkontakt mit dem Gesundheitssystem
erfolgt meist mit Unterstützung von Sozialarbeiter(inne)n, Freund(inn)en
oder Familienmitgliedern.
Schlussfolgerung Für Geflüchtete mit einem
höheren Versorgungsbedarf kann der Zugang durch das eGK-Modell
erleichtert werden. Weitere Zugangsbarrieren, wie z. B. die
beschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Dolmetscher(inne)n, bestehen
unabhängig vom Zugangsmodell.
Impact of mechanical simulator practice on clinical ERCP performance by novice surgical trainees: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meng Wenbo , Yue Ping , Leung Joseph W. , Wang Haiping , Wang Xiyan , Wang Fangzhao , Zhu Kexiang , Zhang Lei , Zhu Xiaoliang , Wang Zhengfeng , Zhang Hui , Zhou Wence , Li Xun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Lack of forward-viewing endoscopy experience impairs training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We evaluated the effect of ERCP mechanical simulator (EMS) practice on ERCP performance by surgical trainees.
Patients and methods 12 surgical trainees without endoscopy experience were randomly allocated to non-EMS (n = 6) programs or to EMS (n = 6) programs with coaching and 20 hours of supervised EMS practice. All trainees then received supervised hands-on clinical ERCP training. Trainers provided verbal instructions and hands-on assistance, and took over if cannulation was not achieved by 20 minutes. Blinded trainers rated clinical performance.
Results Each group performed 150 clinical ERCPs. Biliary cannulation success was significantly higher in the EMS vs. the non-EMS group (P = 0.006), with shorter mean times (in minutes) for intubation, cannulation, and completion (all P < 0.001). EMS trainees showed a significantly better mean performance score (P = 0.006). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for case sequence, CBD stone, complexity, and EMS training, the effect of EMS practice on odds for successful cannulation remained highly significant (odds ratio [OR] 2.10 [95 %CI 1.46 – 3.01]). At 6 months EMS trainees still had better cannulation success vs. non-EMS controls (P = 0.045); no difference was observed after 1 year.
Conclusions EMS practice shortens the ERCP early learning curve of inexperienced surgical trainees, improves clinical success in selective biliary cannulation, and may reduce complications.
Der Einsatz eines störungsübergreifenden, multiprofessionellen ‚Betriebssystems‘ für die Psychiatrie: die Perspektive der Nutzer
Authors: Lucke Sara , Pabst Alexander , Franz Michael 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Erfassung der Einsetzbarkeit und Nutzungsakzeptanz eines auf der Basis der dialektisch-behavioralen Therapie (DBT) erstellten Leitfadens für Interaktionen, Haltungen und übergreifende therapeutische Interventionen (GiMa-Therapie-Basics, GMTB).
Methoden Schriftliche Befragung von n = 83 multiprofessionellen Mitarbeitern als Experten auf der Basis einer Schulung und Erfahrung in der Nutzung.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine hohe Nutzungsakzeptanz. Die Einsetzbarkeit in der Psychiatrie wurde störungsübergreifend als hoch eingeschätzt.
Schlussfolgerung Achtsamkeitsbasierte Leitfäden wie die GMTB stellen eine vielversprechende Grundlage dar, die Arbeit mit schwerkranken Patienten in der Psychiatrie zu verbessern.
Belastung von Kindern psychisch erkrankter Eltern im Normgruppenvergleich – eine Hochrisikogruppe für selektive und indizierte Prävention?
Authors: Kettemann Beate , Mattejat Fritz , Vorwerk Julia , Franz Michael 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Erfassung von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten von Kindern psychisch erkrankter Eltern (KpK), Schlussfolgerungen für Prävention.
Methodik Patienten in stationärer psychiatrischer Behandlung (N = 399) mit Kindern (4–18 Jahre) schätzten das Verhalten der Kinder mit der Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) ein.
Ergebnisse Verhaltensauffälligkeiten der KpK waren in allen Syndrombereichen signifikant stärker ausgeprägt als in der Normstichprobe Gesunder. Im Vergleich zu einer Klinikstichprobe der Kinder-/Jugendpsychiatrie zeigten sich insgesamt zwar weniger Auffälligkeiten, vergleichbar ausgeprägte Auffälligkeiten wurden jedoch in den Bereichen „sozialer Rückzug“ (4–11-jährige Jungen, 12–18-jährige Mädchen) und „körperliche Beschwerden“ (12–18-jährige Jungen und Mädchen) gefunden.
Schlussfolgerungen Deutliche Hinweise auf selektiven, teils indizierten Präventionsbedarf bei KpK sowie auf Syndrombereiche, die in der Prävention besonders berücksichtigt werden sollten.
Single Sitting Revitalization of Nonvital Young Permanent Teeth
Authors: Kaur Avninder , Soni Anchal , Shabir Harees 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 9-year-old child reported with chief complaint of broken teeth (11 and 21) and discolored tooth (21). Diagnosis of pulp necrosis with apical periodontitis with regard to 11 and 21 was made based on clinical and radiographic examination. The canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and then dried with paper points. Disinfection of canals was done using photoactivated disinfection (PAD). Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was placed as scaffold in canals till the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). A 2-mm thick layer of white MTA was placed, followed by dual seal using glass–ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin. Follow-up examination was done for 1 year. Clinical examination showed no pain, tenderness on percussion, and no mobility and improvement in color of teeth. Radiographic evaluation revealed continued thickening of the dentinal walls, root lengthening, regression of the periapical lesion, and partial apical closure. This report of pulp revascularization shows that disinfection with photodynamic therapy combined with PRF resulted in satisfactory root development in necrotic immature teeth.
Continued Gap in Seizure Frequency Documentation
Authors: Debs Andrea , Gedela Sravya , Patel Anup D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProper documentation during neurology clinic visits is essential. Medical providers that document precise and standardized findings aid other providers, nurses, and research personnel. The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) created standardized quality measures in order to improve delivery of care for patients with epilepsy, providers, and systems. In this article, we reviewed a total of 777 charts in order to find documentation on seizure frequency from the most recent clinical visit. Data was collected from electronic healthcare records. During initial chart review, the following information was noted: age, gender, seizure type(s), etiology type(s), provider (neurologist or epileptologist), whether seizure frequency was noted, and the reason for no documentation. The data review represented a sample of the epilepsy population seen at our institution. Of the 734 individuals, 475 patients had seizure frequency documented (65%). Two hundred and fifty-nine (259) people (35%) were missing seizure frequency data. For those individuals, we determined the reasoning behind why this data was not present in the chart note. Of those 259 charts, there were 65 (25%) charts missing seizure frequency, 161 (62%) charts that were vague, and 33 (13%) charts where seizure frequency could not be determined. Based on our findings, the documentation of seizure frequency is a gap in care.
Role of Inflammatory Cell Responses in Stimulating Fibroblasts in Diabetic Oral Ulcer after Treatment with Liquid Smoke of Coconut Endocarp: A Histological Assessment
Authors: Ernawati Diah Savitri , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Nagoro Ayu Anggraini Broto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective The liquid smoke of coconut endocarp (LS-CE) contains high antioxidants that promote oral ulcer healing in diabetics. This study reveals the profile of inflammatory cell responses to oral ulcer healing in diabetics under treatment with LS-CE.Materials and Methods A diabetic model was induced with alloxan. Treatment with LS-CE was performed on oral ulcer at a dose of 1 μL/g weight for 3, 5, and 7 days. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested on animal’s oral ulcer model by measuring the inflammatory cell responses of the neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts through histological assessment.Results The LS-CE stimulated the healing by simultaneously increasing the inflammatory cell responses. The numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts after treatment for 7 days are higher than that after 3 days and 5 days (p < 0.01), but not for neutrophils. The LS-CE shows increase in the fibroblasts by hastening responses of macrophage recruitment by five times, but not neutrophil and lymphocyte recruitment. The higher phenolic compounds in LS-CE are responsible for increase in the proliferation of fibroblasts, as it hastens cellular responses of macrophages.Conclusions The application of LS-CE enables hastening of the healing of diabetic oral ulcer by stimulating the macrophages.
Mortality Rate in a Cohort of People Living With HIV in Rural Tanzania After Accounting for Unseen Deaths Among Those Lost to Follow-up
Authors: Vanobberghen Fiona , Weisser Maja , Kasuga Bryson , Katende Andrew , Battegay Manuel , Tanner Marcel , Glass on behalf of the KIULARCO Study Group Tracy R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mortality assessment in cohorts with high numbers of persons lost to follow-up (LTFU) is challenging in settings with limited civil registration systems. We aimed to assess mortality in a clinical cohort (the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort (KIULARCO)) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in rural Tanzania, accounting for unseen deaths among participants LTFU. We included adults enrolled in 2005–2015 and traced a nonrandom sample of those LTFU. We estimated mortality using Kaplan-Meier methods 1) with routinely captured data (method A), 2) crudely incorporating tracing data (method B), 3) weighting using tracing data to crudely correct for unobserved deaths among participants LTFU (method C), and 4) weighting using tracing data accounting for participant characteristics (method D). We investigated associated factors using proportional hazards models. Among 7,460 adults, 646 (9%) died, 883 (12%) transferred to other clinics, and 2,911 (39%) were LTFU. Of 2,010 (69%) traced participants, 325 (16%) were found: 131 (40%) had died and 130 (40%) had transferred. Five-year mortality estimates derived using the 4 methods were 13.1% (A), 16.2% (B), 36.8% (C), and 35.1% (D), respectively. Higher mortality was associated with male sex, referral as a hospital inpatient, living close to the index clinic, lower body mass index, more advanced World Health Organization HIV clinical stage, lower CD4 cell count, and less time since initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Adjusting for unseen deaths among participants LTFU approximately doubled the 5-year mortality estimates. Our approach is applicable to other cohort studies adopting targeted tracing.
FKBP5: A Key Mediator of How Vertebrates Flexibly Cope with Adversity
Authors: Zimmer Cedric , Hanson Haley E , Wildman Derek E , Uddin Monica , Martin Lynn B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Flexibility in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is an important mediator of stress resilience as it helps organisms adjust to, avoid, or compensate for acute and chronic challenges across changing environmental contexts. Glucocorticoids remain the favorite metric from medicine to conservation biology to attempt to quantify stress resilience despite the skepticism around their consistency in relation to individual health, welfare, and fitness. We suggest that a cochaperone molecule related to heat shock proteins and involved in glucocorticoid receptor activity, FKBP5, may mediate HPA flexibility and therefore stress resilience because it affects how individuals can regulate glucocorticoids and therefore capacitates their abilities to adjust phenotypes appropriately to prevailing, adverse conditions. Although the molecule is well studied in the biomedical literature, FKBP5 research in wild vertebrates is limited. In the present article, we highlight the potential major role of FKBP5 as mediator of HPA axis flexibility in response to adversity in humans and lab rodents.
Rapid Real-time Tracking of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions and Their Association With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Positivity: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Pulse Study
Authors: Clipman Steven J , Wesolowski Amy P , Gibson Dustin G , Agarwal Smisha , Lambrou Anastasia S , Kirk Gregory D , Labrique Alain B , Mehta Shruti H , Solomon Sunil S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Current mitigation strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rely on the population-wide adoption of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Monitoring the adoption of NPIs and their associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection history can provide key information for public health.

Methods
We sampled 1030 individuals in Maryland from 17–28 June 2020 to capture sociodemographically and geographically resolved information about NPI adoption and access to SARS-CoV-2 testing, and examine associations with self-reported SARS-CoV-2 positivity.

Results
Overall, 92% reported traveling for essential services and 66% visited friends/family. Use of public transport was reported by 18%. In total, 68% reported strict social distancing indoors and 53% reported strict masking indoors; indoor social distancing was significantly associated with age, and race/ethnicity and income were associated with masking. Overall, 55 participants (5.3%) self-reported ever testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, with strong dose-response relationships between several forms of movement frequency and SARS-CoV-2 positivity. In a multivariable analysis, a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was negatively associated with strict social distancing (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for outdoor social distancing, 0.10; 95% confidence interval, .03–.33). Only public transport use (aOR for &gt;7 times vs never, 4.3) and visiting a place of worship (aOR for ≥3 times vs never, 16.0) remained significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjusting for strict social distancing and demographics.

Conclusions
These results support public health messaging that strict social distancing during most activities can reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Additional considerations are needed for indoor activities with large numbers of persons (places of worship and public transportation), where even NPIs may not be possible or sufficient.
Factors Associated With Diversity and Distribution of Buprestid Prey Captured by ForagingCerceris fumipennis(Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)
Authors: Hallinen Marie J , Wittman Jacob T , Aukema Brian H 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) play an important ecological role in wood decomposition and nutrient cycling. Compared with other saproxylic species, buprestids are considered cryptic as they are difficult to sample and identify. As a result, factors that influence buprestid diversity and distribution are poorly understood. This is especially true in urban forests, which may be uniquely fragmented and contain unique species distributions. We utilized the native ground nesting hunting wasp Cerceris fumipennis Say to survey buprestids at 20 urban sites in Minnesota. We collected a total of 1,939 beetles consisting of 11 genera and 51 species, including 9 new state records for the state of Minnesota. We found a positive relationship between wasp size and size of beetle prey captured. Agrilus was the most common genus collected, followed by Dicerca. Species richness tended to decrease in sites with many emerald ash borers, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, which may reflect a potential tendency of wasps to return preferentially to high-density infestations of emerald ash borers. We found buprestid species richness positively correlated with site-level variables such as the number of dead trees within a 200 m radius around each C. fumipennis nesting site. Our work illustrates how C. fumipennis can be utilized for general buprestid surveys in urban areas to better understand the distribution of this cryptic family.
How Do Gain and Loss Incentives Affect Memory for Intentions Across Adulthood?
Authors: Horn Sebastian S , Freund Alexandra M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Changes in motivational orientation across adulthood affect cognitive processes. The purpose of this research was to investigate if and how motivational incentives (gains or losses) affect prospective memory for intended actions in younger, middle-aged, and older adults.

Methods
The consequences of memory hits and misses and the framing of the memory tasks were experimentally manipulated between participants: In a gain-framing condition, participants accumulated rewards, dependent on the proportion of target events to which they responded accurately. In a loss-framing condition, participants received an initial endowment from which losses were deducted, dependent on the proportion of targets they missed. We measured memory accuracy, perceived task importance, and ongoing-task performance.

Results
Gains and losses had different effects on memory across age groups: Age × Motivational Valence interactions emerged across two studies. Older adults showed relatively better memory performance to avoid losses than to achieve gains. Moreover, higher age was associated with lower memory performance (Study 1) and slower but more accurate decisions in an ongoing activity (Study 2).

Discussion
The findings reveal that motivational incentives and the framing of consequences as gains or losses moderate the relation between age and memory performance. Older adults’ memory performance may benefit when messages encourage the avoidance of losses. This may also help to design age-tailored interventions in applied settings (e.g., health-related behavior).
A Thematic Analysis of Weibo Topics (Chinese Twitter Hashtags) Regarding Older Adults During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Xi Wanyu , Xu Wenqian , Zhang Xin , Ayalon Liat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We explored the portrayal of older adults and the public response to topics concerning older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese social media (Weibo topics, equivalent to hashtags on Twitter). We also explored the temporal trends of dominant themes to identify changes over time.

Methods
Topics related to older adults were searched in the Weibo topic search engine between January 20 and April 28, 2020. Overall, 241 topics and their view frequency and comment frequency were collected. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to classify the topics into themes. The popularity of each theme was also analyzed. In addition, the frequency with which each theme appeared during the 3 major stages of the pandemic (outbreak, turnover, and post-peak) was reported.

Results
Six main themes were identified. “Older adults contributing to the community” was the most prominent theme with the highest average comment frequency per topic. It was also the most dominant theme in the first stage of the pandemic. “Older patients in hospitals” was the second most prominent theme and the most dominant theme in the second and third stages of the pandemic. The percentage of topics with the themes “Care recipients” and “Older adults caring for the young” increased over time.

Discussion
The portrayal of older people as being warm, competent, and actively exercising their agency is prevalent on Weibo. The Weibo-viewing public shows signs of interest in intergenerational solidarity during the pandemic in China. These findings are different from findings reported by studies conducted in the West.
Women’s Self-Relevant Goal Pursuit in the Presence of Physical Pain: An Intraindividual Variability Approach
Authors: Turner Shelbie G , Hooker Karen , Stawski Robert S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Pursuing personal goals that are relevant to one’s sense of self is important for adjusting to age-related changes. Experiences of physical pain, however, are thought to threaten both people’s sense of self and their pursuit of personal goals. Although a majority of older women experience physical pain, little is known about their day-to-day regulation of their self-relevant goals in the presence of physical pain. The objectives of this study were to explore associations between physical pain and health goal pursuit on a daily basis for women who identified health as a part of their possible selves.

Methods
We took an intraindividual variability approach to analyze whether there were within- and between-person differences in associations between daily pain and daily health goal progress among 62 women who provided data over the course of 100 days, yielding 4,150 occasions of data.

Results
At the between-person level, women with higher pain on average had lower health goal pursuit on average. At the within-person level, days of higher-than-average pain were associated with lower same-day health goal progress.

Discussion
Our results suggest that pain interrupts regulation of a self-relevant goal at a within-person—not just between-person—daily level. Future work should consider how these daily, within-person, disruptions affect broader identity processes and overall well-being.