bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Exposure to Cooking Oil Fume and Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Zhang Shun , Lin Jie , Ni Saili , Shi Qili , Xiong Zi , Kang Junfei , Sun Xiaohua , Gao Yumeng , Zhang Huijing , Liu Shanyi , Cai Ting 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Evidence on effect of cooking oil fume, which contains numerous carcinogens, on development of fatty liver disease is limited. The present study aims to investigate the association between exposure to cooking oil fume and the risk of fatty liver disease.Method: A total of 55959 participants aged between 40 and 75 years old participated in a community-based survey in Ningbo, China. Information on exposure to cooking oil fume and fatty liver disease were collected by face-to-face interview. Stratified analysis was used with participants being divided into two groups according to gender. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between cooking oil fume exposure and fatty liver risk. Furthermore, ordered logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between cooking oil fume exposure and the severity of fatty liver disease.Results: Fatty liver disease prevalence was 8.79% in none oil fume exposure group, 10.52% in light oil fume exposure group, 23.47% in moderate oil fume exposure group and 41.45% in heavy oil fume exposure group. After adjusting for confounding factors, participants in the light, moderate and heavy cooking oil fume exposure groups all had significantly higher odds ratios as compared with participants in the none oil fume exposure group. In addition, an interaction effect between cooking oil fume exposure and gender on the prevalence and severity of fatty liver disease was observed. Females with heavyoil fume exposure had the highest odds ratios of fatty liver disease and severer disease extent. In the stratified analysis, compared to participants in the smokeless group, males and females in light, moderate and heavy cooking oil fume exposure groups all had significantly higher risk of fatty liver disease and severer disease extent, while participants with heavier cooking oil fume exposure tended to have higher risk of fatty liver disease and severer disease extent.Conclusion: Exposure to cooking oil fume is associated with incident and severity of fatty liver disease in 40-75 years old Chinese. The associations might be dose-responsive. In addition, heavy oil fume exposure and female sex might have a synergistic effecton incident and severity of fatty liver disease.
Kanglexin promotes diabetic wound healing through activating FGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway mediated angiogenesis.
Authors: Yixiu Zhao , Wang Xinhui , Yang Shuang , Song Xia , Chen Chao , Sun Na , Zhang Yannan , Yao Dahong , Huang Jian , Wang Jinhui , Zhang Yan , Yang Baofeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetic wounds (DWs), especially leg or foot ulcers, are common diabetic complications, accounting for about 20% of diabetic patients. At present, there is still lack of effective measures to treat DWs in clinical practice. Kanglexin (KLX) is an anthraquinone compound with vasoprotective effect. This study will explore the therapeutic effects of KLX on DWs and the underlying mechanisms.Method: KM mice were injected with streptozocin (180 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to establish animal model of Type 1 Diabetes. The full-thickness skin wounds with the diameter of 5 mm were prepared on the back of diabetic mice with a skin punch. KLX is dissolved in sterile injection oil and applied to the wound once a day for 14 consecutive days. The wounds were photographed every day and the wound size was analyzed by Image Pro Plus software. On the 3rd, 7th, 11th day after KLX administration, skin tissues with a diameter of 1cm around the wound were fixed in paraformaldehyde and subjected to HE, Masson and immunohistochemical staining. Collagen deposition were evaluated by hydroxyproline kit. Angiogenesis of wound skin was evaluated by recording the formation of new blood vessels on its subsurface. In vitro study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs, 100 μg/mL) to establish the cell model of DWs. The proliferation, migration and tubular structure formation of HUVECs were measured by MTT, scratch and tubule formation experiments, respectively. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was detected by Western blot analysis.ResultsFirstly, in-vivo study showed that KLX significantly accelerated the closure of diabetic wounds through promoting granulation tissue formation, collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. Secondly, in vitro study results further confirmed that KLX promoted the proliferation, migration and tubular structure formation of HUVECs. Besides, KLX significantly up-regulated phospho-ERK1/2 both in diabetic wounds and AGEs-treated HUVECs. Thirdly, molecular docking simulation results indicated that there were multiple hydrogen bonds between KLX and FGFR amino acid residues, and FGFR inhibitor PD173074 significantly reversed KLX’s promotion of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and angiogenesis. Conclusions:KLX promotes angiogenesis and accelerates the healing of diabetic wounds by activating FGFR and ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Do Health Programs Reduce Conflict and Violence? A Case-Control Study
Authors: Waller Stephen G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHealth programs are often implemented in conflict zones in hopes of ‘winning hearts and minds’ and preserving the peace. We find no scientific evidence for this policy but hypothesize that programs to mitigate health problems have a role in keeping the peace in conflict states. The evidence for our theory to date is anecdotal.MethodsWe carefully examined hundreds of conflicts in a robust international database (NAVCO 2.0) for the presence of health programs by warring parties and were unable to demonstrate a statistical correlation between the presence of a health program and the subsequent peaceful resolution of conflict. Using this empirical analysis and the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), a comprehensive international database of health conditions, we performed a matched case-control analysis of the association between the GBD prevalence of 254 different health conditions and NAVCO database conflict status. We identified 14 countries with new-onset conflict as our cases and 42 similar countries without conflict during the same year as our controls.ResultsNone of the 254 common health conditions had changes in prevalence that correlated with the subsequent conflict status of that nation.ConclusionsWe were unable to show that any of the health conditions we analyzed is a predictive ‘leading indicator’ of conflict. Without such an association or causal link, the role of health programs in reducing conflict and violence remains unconvincing and ambiguous. We believe this work is a novel insight into ways the international community might reliably mitigate conflict and should provoke more research on this topic.
A qualitative study to identify factors that influence patients’ decisions to call Emergency Medical Services for syncope
Authors: Williamson Tamara M. , Runte Mary , Runte Tigana , Raj Satish , Blanchard Ian , Sheldon Robert , Campbell Tavis , King-Shier Kathryn 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND

Emergency medical services (EMS) assessment and presentation to the emergency department (ED) for syncope (fainting) often results in hospital admission and costly diagnostic testing that rarely benefits patients. Protocols that support paramedics to assess, treat and refer low-risk syncope may allow for ED transport of only high-risk patients. The development and successful uptake of such protocols is limited by a dearth of information about factors patients consider when deciding to seek EMS care following syncope.
OBJECTIVE

We aimed to explore decision-making processes of individuals with syncope when deciding whether (or not) to call EMS after fainting as a starting point in the development of prehospital risk-stratification protocols.
METHODS

Twenty-five adults (aged 18–65 years) with a history of ≥ 1 syncopal episode were recruited across four Canadian provinces. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed. Straussian grounded theory methods were used to identify common themes and a core (overarching) category.
RESULTS

Four common themes were identified: (a) previous experiences with the healthcare system (e.g., feeling dismissed), (b) individual patient factors (e.g., age, comorbidities), (c) attitudes and beliefs (e.g., concerns about burdening the health care system, believing syncope is “not serious enough” to seek care), and (d) contextual factors (i.e., influence of important others, symptom severity). Perceived judgement of the patient by EMS was identified as the overarching core category that influenced patients’ decision-making to seek care.
CONCLUSION

The decision to seek EMS care after syncope is a complex process involving patient consideration of past experiences, pre-existing attitudes and beliefs, and individual- and contextual factors. Patients’ previous experiences of judgement and dismissal by EMS for fainting may interfere with patient receptiveness to traditional EMS protocols for syncope. These barriers could be targets for training and education for paramedics and help to inform the development of prehospital protocols to improve care and satisfaction among patients with syncope.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among armed forces personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fathalipour Mohammad , Hassanipour Soheil , Sepandi Mojtaba , Taghdir Maryam , Abbaszadeh Sepideh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Previous studies of diabetes among armed forces personnel did not assess a comprehensive disease prevalence. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among the military personnel and police officers.
Methods

We carried out a systematic search on electronic databases from January 2000 to January 2020. Cross-sectional and cohort studies with a report of the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, or both were selected. Random- or fixed-effects model, along with subgroup analysis on diabetes or prediabetes as well as the component of armed forces, was carried out to determine the overall prevalence.
Results

Among 258 citations, 17 studies were entered into the meta-analysis, involving 1559737 individuals. The meta-analysis estimated the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among the police officers (13.78%; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 10.14–17.60) was higher than that of the military personnel (7.32%; CI: 4.22–10.42). The overall prevalence of prediabetes among the military personnel and the police officers were 7.41% (CI: 3.35–11.48) and 6.30% (CI: 5.11–7.49), respectively.
Conclusion

The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among armed forces were consistent with global reports among general population. Future investigations are warranted to estimate the exact prevalence of diabetes among this occupational group.
Acupuncture therapy for stable angina pectoris: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Zhihan , Wang Yitong , Xue Bing , Liu Caijiao , Li Sijing , Ren Yulan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Stable angina pectoris (SAP) is a common cardiovascular disease, which brings health burden to society. Acupuncture therapy is effective in improving SAP as adjunctive therapy, nevertheless, there were controversies on the effect of acupuncture on disease-affected meridian (DAM), sham acupoints and nonaffected meridian (NAM). This study evaluated the effect of acupuncture on DAM as adjunctive therapy, and the difference in acupuncture on DAM, sham acupoints, and nonaffected meridian NAM. Methods Thirteen online databases were searched from inception to December 2, 2019. Risk of bias and quality of evidence for outcomes were respectively assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and the GRADE approach. RevMan 5.3 was adopted to conduct meta-analysis. Results Thirteen RCTs including 1026 participants were included in this study. Acupuncture therapy could be effective in the improvement of angina severity, ECG results, 6-MWT, SAQ results (physical limitation, angina stability, angina frequency, treatment satisfaction, disease perception), anxiety, HRV (LF, LF/HF), ET, CRP, and reduction of nitroglycerin intake. Acupuncture on DAM could be more beneficial than acupuncture on sham acupoints in aspects of angina severity, 6-MWT, SAQ results (angina stability, angina frequency, treatment satisfaction, disease perception). Compared to acupuncture in NAM, acupuncture on DAM could be more effective in SAQ results (angina stability, angina frequency, treatment satisfaction). Moreover, acupuncture on DAM did not increase the risk of dropout and adverse effect. Conclusions Acupuncture on DAM could effectively improving SAP, and it could be more effective compared with acupuncture on sham acupoints or NAM. However, these conclusions were limited by low-quality of most of included studies. Registration Open Science Framework registration (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/F9DTW).
The performance of Chest CT and Its Imaging Features for Diagnosing Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Zhao Zhewei , Li Chen , Zhang Wen , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Early diagnosis and isolation of cases are particularly crucial for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in global pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic performance of chest computed tomography (CT) and imaging features for diagnosing COVID-19. Diagnostic accuracy studies of CT and RT-PCR in patients with clinically suspected COVID-19, which were published up to April 25th, 2020 from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Twelve studies (n=2,204) were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of chest CT for detecting COVID-19 were 94.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 89.5 to 97.2%) and 41.8% (95% CI 24.2 to 61.6%), 1.6 (95% CI: 1.6-2.3), 0.13 (95% CI: 0.06-0.31), and 12.4 (95% CI: 4.0-38.5), respectively. Initial RT-PCR revealed a better diagnostic performance. Peripheral lesions, bilateral involvement, multiple lesions, and ground-glass opacities (GGO), revealed to be with better diagnostic value than other CT manifestations. Using chest CT for COVID-19 diagnosis has a high sensitivity and a relatively low specificity. Bilateral multiple peripheral lesions and GGO revealed to be with better diagnostic value. For areas with high prevalence, chest CT could be a good screening test to preliminary screen patients with COVID-19 quickly.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes and pharmacological management of Covid-19 infection in pregnancy: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Thomas Binny , Hail Moza Al , Abdulrouf Pallivalappila , Elkassem Wessam , Tarannum Asma , Hail Fatema Al , Rijims Mohammed , Parappil Hussain , Bayo Arabo Ibrahim , Ahmad Shamsa , Nazar Zachariah , Stewart Derek 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOver 4.2 million confirmed cases and more than 285,000 deaths, COVID-19 pandemic continues to harm significant number of people worldwide. Several studies have reported the impact of COVID-19 in general population, however, there is scarcity of information related to pharmacological management, maternal and perinatal outcomes during the pandemic. Altered physiological, anatomical and immunological response during pregnancy makes it more susceptible to infections. Furthermore, during pregnancy, a woman undergoes multiple interactions with the health care system that increases her chance of getting infected, therefore managing pregnant population presents a unique challenge. Research Question(s)This systematic review seeks to answer the following questions in relation to COVID-19,What are the different clinical characteristics presented in maternal and perinatal population?What are the different maternal and perinatal outcome measures reported?What are the distinct therapeutic interventions reported to treat Covid-19?Is it safe to use ‘medications’ used in the treatment of COVID-19 during antenatal, perinatal, postnatal and breastfeeding?Method The search will follow a comprehensive, sequential three step search strategy. Several databases relevant to COVID-19 and its impact on pregnancy including Medline, CINAHL, LitCovid etc. will be searched from the inception of the disease until the completion of data collection. The quality of this search strategy will be assessed using Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies Evidence-Based Checklist (PRESS EBC). An eligibility form will be developed for a transparent screening and inclusion/exclusion of studies. All studies will be sent to Refworks and abstraction will be independently performed by two researchers. Risk of bias will be assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials, Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for non-randomized studies and for case reports Murad et al tool will be used. Decision to conduct metanalysis will be based on several factors including homogeneity and outcome measures reported, otherwise a narrative synthesis will be deemed appropriate. Discussion This systematic review will summarise the existing data on effect of COVID-19 on maternal and perinatal population. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review addressing therapeutic management and safety of medicines to treat COVID-19 during pregnancy and breastfeeding.Systematic review registrationProspero (CRD42020181163)
An Improved WENO-Z Scheme with Symmetry-Preserving Mappin
Authors: Hong Zheng , Ye Zhengyin , Ye Kun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Since the classical weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme is proposed, various improved versions have been developed, and a typical one is the WENO-Z scheme. Although better resolution is achieved, it is shown in this article that, the result of WENO-Z scheme suffers evident distortion in the long-time simulation of the linear advection equation. In order to fix the problem of WENO-Z scheme, a symmetry-preserving mapping method is proposed in this article. In the original mapping method, the weight of each substencil is used to map, which is demonstrated to cause asymmetric improvement about a discontinuity. This asymmetric improvement will lead to a distorted solution, more severe with longer output time. In the symmetry-preserving mapping method, a new variable related to the smoothness indicator is selected to map, which has the same ideal value for each substencil. Using the new mapping method can not only fix the distortion problem of WENO-Z scheme, but also improve the resolution. Several benchmark problems are conducted to show the improved performance of the resultant scheme.
Expenditure Cuts and Access to Healthcare Under the Great Recession in Europe: Income Groups Are Unequally Affected
Authors: Torfs Lore , Adriaenssens Stef , Lagaert Susan , Willems Sara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:The Great Recession,starting in 2008, was characterized by an overall reduction in living standards. This pushed governmentsacross the European Unionto restrict expenditures, also in the area of healthcare. Theseausterity measures are known to have affectedthe access to healthcare, probably unevenly among social groups.This study examines the unequal effects of cuts in healthcare expenditures on the access to medical carefor differentincome groups across European countries.Method:Using data of two waves (2008 and 2014) of the European Union Statistics of Income and Living Conditionssurvey (EU-SILC), a difference-in-differences (DD) approach was used to analyse the overall change in unmet medical needs over time withinand between countries.By adding an additional level thedifferences in the effects between income quintiles (difference-in-difference-in-differences: DDD) were estimated.To do so, three relevant comparisons weremade: Greece versus the other countries, Iceland versus Sweden, and Ireland versus the United Kingdom.The latter two are comparisons of countries with recessions equal in magnitude, but with different levels of healthcare cuts, in order to isolate the effect of these cuts .Results:The DD-estimates show a higher increase of unmet medical needs during the Great Recession in Greece comparted with the other countries (+4.15pp). Although this first model gave only a view of the overall effect of the recession, the same but weaker effects were found in the two other models (Iceland vs Sweden: +3.24pp and Ireland vs United Kingdom: +1.15pp).The DDD-estimates shows difference results over the three models. In Greece and Iceland the lowest income groups were most affected, while this was not the case in Ireland.Conclusion: Restrictions on health expenditures during the Great Recessioncaused an increase in self-reported unmet medical needs.The burden of these effects is not equally distributed; in most cases the lower income groups suffer most. The case of Ireland, nevertheless, shows that certainpolicy measures may sparelower income groups, whiledisproportionately affecting middle class income groups.These results bring in evidence that policies can reduce and even overshoot the general effect of income inequalities on access to healthcare.
Synthesis, Ultra-Microscopic and Comparative Studies of Silver and Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Tailor Giriraj , Chaudhary Jyoti , Verma Deepshikha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Silver and nickel nanoparticles were synthesized from urea and formaldehyde by using chemical method, followed by calcination at 8000C. The chemical composition and crystallographic structure of silver and nickel nanoparticles were confirmed by XRD. Surface imaging studies like AFM was carried out for estimating surface morphology and particles size distribution. The spherical and porous like morphology of silver and nickel nanoparticles confirmed by SEM and TEM. White spots are observed in the presence of silver and nickel metal ions in spherical forms. The particles size of silver and Nickel metal ions were found to be obtained through XRD 41.43 nm and 13.71 nm respectively.