bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S100A4 mRNA-protein relationship uncovered by measurement noise reduction
Authors: Athanasiou Angelos-Theodoros , Nussbaumer Thomas , Kummer Stefan , Hofer Martin , Johnston Iain G. , Staltner Moritz , Allmer Daniela M. , Scott Milcah C. , Vogl Claus , Fenger Joelle M. , Modiano Jaime F. , Walter Ingrid , Steinborn Ralf 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Intrinsic biological fluctuation and/or measurement error can obscure the association of gene expression patterns between RNA and protein levels. Appropriate normalization of reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data can reduce technical noise in transcript measurement, thus uncovering such relationships. The accuracy of gene expression measurement is often challenged in the context of cancer due to the genetic instability and “splicing weakness” involved. Here, we sequenced the poly(A) cancer transcriptome of canine osteosarcoma using mRNA-Seq. Expressed sequences were resolved at the level of two consecutive exons to enable the design of exon-border spanning RT-qPCR assays and ranked for stability based on the coefficient of variation (CV). Using the same template type for RT-qPCR validation, i.e. poly(A) RNA, avoided skewing of stability assessment by circular RNAs (circRNAs) and/or rRNA deregulation. The strength of the relationship between mRNA expression of the tumour marker S100A4 and its proportion score of quantitative immunohistochemistry (qIHC) was introduced as an experimental readout to fine-tune the normalization choice. Together with the essential logit transformation of qIHC scores, this approach reduced the noise of measurement as demonstrated by uncovering a highly significant, strong association between mRNA and protein expressions of S100A4 (Spearman’s coefficient ρ = 0.72 (p = 0.006)).

Key messages
• RNA-seq identifies stable pairs of consecutive exons in a heterogeneous tumour.
• Poly(A) RNA templates for RT-qPCR avoid bias from circRNA and rRNA deregulation.
• HNRNPL is stably expressed across various cancer tissues and osteosarcoma.
• Logit transformed qIHC score better associates with mRNA amount.
• Quantification of minor S100A4 mRNA species requires poly(A) RNA templates and dPCR.
HIF-P4H-2 inhibition enhances intestinal fructose metabolism and induces thermogenesis protecting against NAFLD
Authors: Laitakari Anna , Tapio Joona , Mäkelä Kari A. , Herzig Karl-Heinz , Dengler Franziska , Gylling Helena , Walkinshaw Gail , Myllyharju Johanna , Dimova Elitsa Y. , Serpi Raisa , Koivunen Peppi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parallels the global obesity epidemic with unmet therapeutic needs. We investigated whether inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 (HIF-P4H-2), a key cellular oxygen sensor whose inhibition stabilizes HIF, would protect from NAFLD by subjecting HIF-P4H-2-deficient (Hif-p4h-2gt/gt) mice to a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) or high-fat, methionine-choline-deficient (HF-MCD) diet. On both diets, the Hif-p4h-2gt/gt mice gained less weight and had less white adipose tissue (WAT) and its inflammation, lower serum cholesterol levels, and lighter livers with less steatosis and lower serum ALT levels than the wild type (WT). The intake of fructose in majority of the Hif-p4h-2gt/gt tissues, including the liver, was 15–35% less than in the WT. We found upregulation of the key fructose transporter and metabolizing enzyme mRNAs, Slc2a2, Khka, and Khkc, and higher ketohexokinase activity in the Hif-p4h-2gt/gt small intestine relative to the WT, suggesting enhanced metabolism of fructose in the former. On the HF-MCD diet, the Hif-p4h-2gt/gt mice showed more browning of the WAT and increased thermogenesis. A pharmacological pan-HIF-P4H inhibitor protected WT mice on both diets against obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and liver damage. These data suggest that HIF-P4H-2 inhibition could be studied as a novel, comprehensive treatment strategy for NAFLD.

Key messages
• HIF-P4H-2 inhibition enhances intestinal fructose metabolism protecting the liver.
• HIF-P4H-2 inhibition downregulates hepatic lipogenesis.
• Induced browning of WAT and increased thermogenesis can also mediate protection.
• HIF-P4H-2 inhibition offers a novel, comprehensive treatment strategy for NAFLD.
Hybridbildgebung bei Lymphom
Authors: Mayerhöfer Marius E. , Haug Alexander 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Hybridbildgebung mit dem Tracer [18F]FDG (2‑Fluor-2-desoxy-D-glucose) bildet das Rückgrat der bildgebenden Diagnostik bei Lymphomen. Egal ob für das prätherapeutische Staging oder die Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens von FDG-aviden Lymphomen: Die [18F]FDG-PET/CT (Positronenemissionstomographie/Computertomographie) wird von sämtlichen internationalen Richtlinien, allen voran der Lugano- und der Response Evaluation Criteria in Lymphoma(RECIL)-Klassifikation empfohlen. Für PET/MRT (Magnetresonanztomographie) und Ganzkörper-MRT liegen außerhalb des pädiatrischen Sektors aktuell keine Empfehlungen vor, obwohl diese Techniken gerade bei Lymphomen mit variabler FDG-Avidität klare Vorteile gegenüber der [18F]FDG-PET/CT haben. Unter den neuen spezifischeren PET-Tracern ist für Lymphome vor allem der CXCR4(CXC-Motiv-Chemokinrezeptor 4)-Tracer [68Ga]Pentixafor von Interesse, mit welchem in ersten Studien auch die Visualisierung von häufig nicht FDG-aviden Lymphomen wie dem kleinzelligen lymphozytischen Lymphom, dem MALT(Mukosa-assoziiertes lymphoides Gewebe)-Lymphom und dem lymphoplasmozytischen Lymphom gelang.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care professionals towards adverse drug reaction reporting in public sector primary health care facilities in a South African district
Authors: Haines H. M. , Meyer J. C. , Summers R. S. , Godman B. B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) have an appreciable impact on patients’ health. Little is known however about ADR reporting in ambulatory care environments especially in low- and middle-income countries. Consequently, our aim was to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among health care professionals (HCPs) towards ADR reporting in primary health care (PHC) facilities in South Africa. The findings will be used to direct future activities.MethodsDescriptive, cross-sectional design using quantitative methodology among 8 public sector community health care centres and 40 PHC clinics in the Tshwane Health District, Gauteng Province. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 218 HCPs, including all key groups.ResultsA total of 200 responses were received (91.7%). Although an appropriate attitude towards ADR reporting existed, the actual frequency of ADR reporting was low (16.0%). Of the respondents, 60.5% did not know how to report, where to report or when to report an ADR and 51.5% said the level of their clinical knowledge made it difficult to decide whether or not an ADR had occurred. Over 97.5% stated they should be reporting ADRs with 89% feeling that ADR reporting is a professional obligation and over 70% that ADR reporting should be compulsory. When results were combined, the overall mean score in terms of positive or preferred practices for ADR reporting was 24.6% with pharmacists having the highest scores.ConclusionUnder-reporting of ADRs with gaps in KAP was evident. There is a serious and urgent need for education and training of HCPs on ADR reporting in South Africa.
The Impact of Pretreatment PET/CT Nodal Status on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation
Authors: Chen Jian‐Xun , Lu Ting‐Yu , Fang Hsin‐Yuan , Lin Yu‐Sen , Lee Jang‐Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor advanced esophageal cancer, the clinical significance of pretreatment nodal status (cN) as determined by different examinations remains unclear.Patients and methodsPatients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery were analyzed in this study. Pretreatment cN status assessed by CT, EUS, and PET/CT and clinicopathological features were used to evaluate tumor recurrence and long‐term survival.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐two patients were identified in this study. Pretreatment PET/CT cN0 [odds ratio (OR) cN0 versus cN+, 5.316, p < 0.001] and pretreatment CT cN0 (OR 1.957, p = 0.032) both independently predicted ypN0. Pretreatment PET/CT cN0 was also associated with a lower recurrence rate and longer survival across the entire study group. Among patients with ypN0, pretreatment PET/CT cN+ indicated poor disease‐free survival [hazard ratio (HR) 2.777, p = 0.001] and overall survival (HR 2.211, p = 0.034) compared with pretreatment PET/CT cN0, which predicted a favorable prognosis.ConclusionsData from the current study suggest that pretreatment lymph node status as assessed by PET/CT is strongly correlated with survival outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ypN0 patients can achieve better survival outcomes when pretreatment cN0 is assessed by PET/CT.
The adaptive potential of circular DNA accumulation in ageing cells
Authors: Hull Ryan M. , Houseley Jonathan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarefully maintained and precisely inherited chromosomal DNA provides long-term genetic stability, but eukaryotic cells facing environmental challenges can benefit from the accumulation of less stable DNA species. Circular DNA molecules lacking centromeres segregate randomly or asymmetrically during cell division, following non-Mendelian inheritance patterns that result in high copy number instability and massive heterogeneity across populations. Such circular DNA species, variously known as extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), microDNA, double minutes or extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), are becoming recognised as a major source of the genetic variation exploited by cancer cells and pathogenic eukaryotes to acquire drug resistance. In budding yeast, circular DNA molecules derived from the ribosomal DNA (ERCs) have been long known to accumulate with age, but it is now clear that aged yeast also accumulate other high-copy protein-coding circular DNAs acquired through both random and environmentally-stimulated recombination processes. Here, we argue that accumulation of circular DNA provides a reservoir of heterogeneous genetic material that can allow rapid adaptation of aged cells to environmental insults, but avoids the negative fitness impacts on normal growth of unsolicited gene amplification in the young population.
Reversible Trifokalität durch das Duett-Verfahren
Authors: Khoramnia Ramin , Yildirim Timur M. , Son Hyeck-Soo , Łabuz Grzegorz , Mayer Christian S. , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungFunktionelle Ergebnisse und das Auftreten von Nebenwirkungen (insbesondere photischer Phänomene) können beim Einsatz multifokaler Intraokularlinsen (IOL) schwer vorhergesagt werden. Des Weiteren können Patienten im Laufe des Lebens Erkrankungen entwickeln, bei denen eine multifokale Optik von Nachteil sein kann. In diesen Fällen ist ein Austausch der IOL die einzige Therapieoption. Die Implantation einer monofokalen oder monofokal-torischen IOL in den Kapselsack und einer additiven trifokalen IOL in den Sulcus ciliaris in einer als Duett-Verfahren bezeichneten Operation ermöglicht Trifokalität, die bei Bedarf vergleichsweise einfach wieder rückgängig gemacht werden kann.
Molecular background of cadmium tolerance in Rht dwarf wheat mutant is related to a metabolic shift from proline and polyamine to phytochelatin synthesis
Authors: Szalai Gabriella , Tajti Judit , Hamow Kamirán Áron , Ildikó Denyicska , Khalil Radwan , Vanková Radomira , Dobrev Petr , Misheva Svetlana P. , Janda Tibor , Pál Magda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlant height is among the most important agronomic traits influencing crop yield. Wheat lines carrying Rht genes are important in plant breeding due to their both higher yield capacity and better tolerance to certain environmental stresses. However, the effects of dwarf-inducing genes on stress acclimation mechanisms are still poorly understood. Under the present conditions, cadmium stress induced different stress responses and defence mechanisms in the wild-type and dwarf mutant, and the mutant with the Rht-B1c allele exhibited higher tolerance. In the wild type after cadmium treatment, the abscisic acid synthesis increased in the leaves, which in turn might have induced the polyamine and proline metabolisms in the roots. However, in the mutant line, the slight increment in the leaf abscisic acid content accompanied by relatively high salicylic acid accumulation was not sufficient to induce such a great accumulation of proline and putrescine. Although changes in proline and polyamines, especially putrescine, showed similar patterns, the accumulation of these compounds was antagonistically related to the phytochelatin synthesis in the roots of the wild type after cadmium stress. In the dwarf genotype, a favourable metabolic shift from the synthesis of polyamine and proline to that of phytochelatin was responsible for the higher cadmium tolerance observed.
Managing crisis: a qualitative lens on the aftermath of entrepreneurial failure
Authors: Omorede Adesuwa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEvery entrepreneur faces barriers when they engage in entrepreneurial activities and for every entrepreneur, their utmost goal is to succeed d in their endeavors. However, some entrepreneurial ventures fail due to several factors. After the failure, the entrepreneur either relapses or seeks for new entrepreneurial opportunities. The present study conducts a qualitative research synthesis to examine what happens after the occurrence of firm failure and how entrepreneurs manage the experiences from failure. In doing so, the present study analyses already published qualitative studies on failure by conducting a literature search from several electronic databases to capture the qualitative studies published under failure. After the elimination of irrelevant data, 21 relevant articles were identified. The identified articles were analyzed using meta ethnography and grounded formal theory to elaborate on three overarching concepts – the experience and cost of failure, the impact from failure and the outcome of failure. The findings from these analyzed qualitative research offers insight into the ongoing discussions on entrepreneurial failure by identifying recurrent themes and concepts as well as by presenting a conceptual model that describes the entrepreneur’s experiences from failure and how they manage these firm failures. The findings also provide avenues on how future research can contribute to the discussion on failure.
Primary Exercise Headache
Authors: Upadhyaya Parth , Nandyala Arathi , Ailani Jessica 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Primary exercise headache has gone through many descriptors in the past but generally is a headache that is precipitated by strenuous exercise without significant intracranial pathology. Its presentation can remain vague, often confused with other primary and secondary headache disorders and thus undertreated. This review aims to discuss primary exercise headache in the context of epidemiology, presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment.

Recent Findings
Two large epidemiological studies in Iran and Japan have further characterized a predilection for female patients, comorbidity with migraine, and frequent bilateral nature of headache.

Summary
While large-scale epidemiological studies have aided in further characterization and determining varying prevalence, a lack of randomized clinical trials in the treatment of primary exercise headache remains. Indomethacin and beta-blocker use remain the mainstays of treatment based on case series with several case reports that urge caution when diagnosing said headache.
Thermal ablation—an option in curative treatment of HCC
Authors: Putzer Daniel , Schullian Peter , Eberle Gernot , Bale Reto Josef 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMinimally invasive thermal ablation techniques are an integral part of international treatment guidelines in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to highly effective local tumor control in nonresectable liver tumors with a relatively low rate of morbidity and mortality, thermal ablation even challenges the surgical approach as the first-line treatment in selected patients. Ablation outcome is largely dependent on the size and location of the HCC as well as on the applied ablation technique and image guidance. The creation of a sufficient ablation margin (A0 ablation in analogy to R0 resection) is prerequisite to assure low recurrence rates. In large tumors, tumor-free margins can be achieved only by overlapping ablation zones, which can be accomplished using stereotactic multiprobe ablation techniques (stereotactic radiofrequency ablation [SRFA], stereotactic microwave ablation [SMWA], stereotactic irreversible electroporation [SIRE]) in combination with 3D trajectory planning and image fusion for intraoperative evaluation of treatment results.
The effect of drying temperature of milk thistle seeds on quality and bioactive compounds in the lipid fraction
Authors: Marszałkiewicz Sylwia , Siger Aleksander , Gawrysiak-Witulska Marzena , Kmiecik Dominik , Rudzińska Magdalena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMilk thistle oils are available on the market and appeal to consumers because of their healthy properties as cold-pressed oils. The raw material for producing such oils is purchased from a range of domestic and foreign sources. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of drying temperature on the peroxide value, acid value, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and phytosterol contents in the lipid fraction extracted from milk thistle seeds. The seeds were purchased in three different farms and were dried in a thin layer at 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C, 120 °C, and 140 °C. The level of phytosterols and the fatty acid composition were determined using GC-FID, while tocopherols concentrations were determined using HPLC. The study showed that the quality of seeds used in the production of oil varies. The drying of milk thistle seeds using air cooler than 80 °C caused no statistically significant changes in AV, p-AnV, phytosterol levels, tocopherols, or SFA levels. Drying temperatures in the 100–140 °C range caused significant losses of phytosterols and tocopherols and also resulted in changes in fatty acid composition. When seeds were dried at 140 °C, phytosterol levels dropped by 19–23%, tocopherols by 10–23%, MUFA by 30%, and PUFA by 11%.
A chelating agent system for the removal of barium sulfate scale
Authors: Luo Zhifeng , Zhang Nanlin , Zhao Liqiang , Wang Chunlei , Wu Lin , Liu Pingli , Ji Hongyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to prepare a chelating agent SA-20 using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and low molecular weight sodium polyacrylate raw material for the removal of barium sulfate (BaSO4) scale. The morphology of the resulting chelating agent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The BaSO4 scale removal ability of SA-20 was comprehensively evaluated by the dissolving ability, particle size analysis, corrosion performance, and fracture conductivity before and after the scale removal. The results showed that the SA-20 has a good BaSO4 scale removal ability due to the chelation, lattice distortion, and dispersion of DTPA and low molecular weight sodium polyacrylate.
Integrated production optimization of an oil field based on constructing of a proxy model using DOE methods
Authors: Rajabi-Kochi Mahyar , Khamehchi Ehsan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn integrated model of the PUNQ-S3 reservoir in the North Sea was constructed. Then, 16 parameters with the highest impact on target functions were selected for sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis was based on the two-level Plackett–Burman design of experimental method. Finally, seven variables with the highest impact on the target functions were selected. Net present value, cumulative oil production, and cumulative water production were three target functions. The proxy model was constructed using the three-level Box–Behnken experimental design for each of the three target functions, taking into account the effect of the variable’s interactions on each other. Then the compliance and predictivity of the proxy model for each target function were validated according to the decision variables. In the end, multiobjective optimization was conducted with the aim of maximizing net present value and cumulative oil production and minimizing cumulative water production using a parameter called composite desirability.
The Impact of Physical Activity on Food Reward: Review and Conceptual Synthesis of Evidence from Observational, Acute, and Chronic Exercise Training Studies
Authors: Beaulieu Kristine , Oustric Pauline , Finlayson Graham 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review brings together current evidence from observational, acute, and chronic exercise training studies to inform public debate on the impact of physical activity and exercise on food reward.

Recent Findings
Low levels of physical activity are associated with higher liking and wanting for high-energy food. Acute bouts of exercise tend to reduce behavioral indices of reward for high-energy food in inactive individuals. A dissociation in liking (increase) and wanting (decrease) may occur during chronic exercise training associated with loss of body fat. Habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with lower liking and wanting for high-fat food, and higher liking for low-fat food.

Summary
Food reward does not counteract the benefit of increasing physical activity levels for obesity management. Exercise training appears to be accompanied by positive changes in food preferences in line with an overall improvement in appetite control.
Study on the critical stress threshold of weakly cemented sandstone damage based on the renormalization group method
Authors: Song Zhaoyang , Ji Hongguang , Liu Zhiqiang , Sun Lihui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring the microstructural analysis of weakly cemented sandstone, the granule components and ductile structural parts of the sandstone are typically generalized. Considering the contact between granules in the microstructure of weakly cemented sandstone, three basic units can be determined: regular tetrahedra, regular hexahedra, and regular octahedra. Renormalization group models with granule- and pore-centered weakly cemented sandstone were established, and, according to the renormalization group transformation rule, the critical stress threshold of damage was calculated. The results show that the renormalization model using regular octahedra as the basic units has the highest critical stress threshold. The threshold obtained by iterative calculations of the granule-centered model is smaller than that obtained by the pore-centered model. The granule-centered calculation provides the lower limit (18.12%), and the pore-centered model provides the upper limit (36.36%). Within this range, the weakly cemented sandstone is in a phase-like critical state. That is, the state of granule aggregation transforms from continuous to discrete. In the relative stress range of 18.12%– 36.36%, the weakly cemented sandstone exhibits an increased proportion of high-frequency signals (by 83.3%) and a decreased proportion of low-frequency signals (by 23.6%). The renormalization calculation results for weakly cemented sandstone explain the high–low frequency conversion of acoustic emission signals during loading. The research reported in this paper has important significance for elucidating the damage mechanism of weakly cemented sandstone.