bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 gp41 genetic diversity and enfuvirtide resistance-associated mutations among enfuvirtide-naïve patients in southern China
Authors: Chang Le , Zhao Junpeng , Zhang Lu , Ji Huimin , Jiang Xinyi , Guo Fei , Wang Lunan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increasing molecular diversity and emergence of drug resistant mutants remain a major concern in Southern China, enfuvirtide (ENF/T-20) is the first entry inhibitor used in patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, data on HIV-1 gp41genetic diversity and primary ENF resistance-associated mutations among treatment-naïve patients in southern China is limited. The objective was to identify molecular diversity and ENF resistance patterns of HIV-1 in southern China, using envelop (env) gp41 sequences and bioinformatics tools, which may help optimize ART. Methods: From December 2018 to January 2019, 439 blood plasma samples from ENF-naïve HIV-1 patients were collected from Shenzhen, Wuhan and Chongqing, of which, 396 HIV env regions were sequenced and subtyped, and were performed the analysis of drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs). Results: The main subtypes were circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE (30.6%) and CRF07_BC (48.7%), CRF55_01B had been the fourth subtype in our work, many rare CRFs were observed. Notably, CRF02_AG and CRF_BF strains typically found in Africa and US respectively were identified amongst Chinese HIV-1 patients. Known DRMs were detected in 27.5% (109/396) of ENF treatment-naïve patients. One major DRM (L44M), many secondary DRMs including (N126K, E137K, S138A) and lots of polymorphisms were found in the study, which have been proved to elevate resistance to ENF. Conclusion: HIV-1 molecular diversity among people in southern China observed in the work indicates that HIV-1 variability is becoming increasingly complex in the south of China. A diverse set of primary DRMs discovered in this study described the serious threat to ART, which remind us the urgent need of timely surveillance of HIV-1 viral diversity and drug resistance in China.
ALK+ Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)-Derived Exosomes Carry ALK Signalling Proteins and Interact With Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Chioureas Dimitrios , Beck Janina , Baltatzis George , Fonseca Pedro , Tsesmetzis Nikolaos , Vardaki Ioulia , Vega Fransisco , Leventaki Vasiliki , Drakos Elias , Rassidakis George , Panaretakis Theocharis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The oncogenic pathways activated by the NPM-ALK chimeric kinase of ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are well characterised, however, the potential interactions of ALK signalling with the microenvironment are not yet known. Here we report that ALK+ ALCL-derived exosomes contain critical components of ALK signalling as well as CD30 and that exosome uptake by lymphoid cells led to increased proliferation and expression of critical antiapoptotic proteins by the recipient cells. The bone marrow fibroblasts highly uptake ALK+ ALCL - derived exosomes and acquire cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. Moreover, exosome-mediated activation of stromal cells altered the cytokine profile of the microenvironment. These interactions may contribute to tumor aggressiveness and possibly resistance to treatment.
Using Pulse Oximetry Waveforms to Detect Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Sorensen Matthew , Sadiq Ismail , Clifford Gari D. , Maher Kevin O. , Oster Matthew E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Coarctation of the aorta is a common form of critical congenital heart disease that remains challenging to diagnose prior to clinical deterioration. Despite current screening methods infants with coarctation may present with life threatening cardiogenic shock requiring urgent hospitalization and intervention. We sought to improve critical congenital heart disease screening by using a novel pulse oximetry waveform analysis, specifically focused on detection of coarctation of the aorta.Methods and Results Over a 2-year period, we obtained pulse oximetry waveform data on 18 neonates with coarctation of the aorta and 18 age-matched controls hospitalized in the cardiac intensive care unit at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. Patients with coarctation were receiving Prostaglandin E1 and had a patent ductus arteriosus. By analyzing discrete features in the waveforms, we identified statistically significant differences in the maximum rate of fall between patients with and without coarctation. This was accentuated when comparing the difference between the upper and lower extremities, with the lower extremities having a shallow slope angle when a coarctation was present (p-value 0.001). Postoperatively, there were still differences in the maximum rate of fall between the repaired coarctation patients and controls; however, these differences normalized when compared with the same individual’s upper vs. lower extremities. Coarctation patients compared to themselves (preoperatively and postoperatively), demonstrated waveform differences between upper and lower extremities that were significantly reduced after successful surgery (p-value 0.028). This screening algorithm had an accuracy of detection of 72% with 0.61 sensitivity and 0.94 specificity.Conclusions We were able to identify specific features in pulse oximetry waveforms that were unique to patients with coarctation and further demonstrated that these changes normalized after surgical repair. Pulse oximetry screening for congenital heart disease in neonates may thus be improved by including waveform analysis, aiming to identify coarctation of the aorta prior to critical illness. Further large-scale testing is required to validate this screening model among patients in a newborn nursery setting who are low risk for having coarctation.
Evaluation of an integrated health and livelihood development program for marginalized communities in India
Authors: Sharma Shantanu , Akhtar Faiyaz , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Mehra Sunil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Women from marginalized communities have poorer maternal health outcomes and limited utilization of health services compared to other communities. There is empirical evidence that comprehensively designed interventions targeting health education of women and social determinants of health, such as financial security, have better outcomes than focusing on health education alone. A community-based intervention was implemented to improve maternal, child, and adolescent health practices in marginalized communities. Besides, the project aimed to promote financial literacy and enhance livelihood opportunities for young people. This three-year peer-led intervention was done in the two districts of Rajasthan, namely Nagaur and Pali. The paper aimed at assessing the effectiveness of this community-based intervention.Methods Pre-post study design based on qualitative research was used for the evaluation of the intervention. Purposive sampling was done both at baseline and the end-line assessments. Focus group discussions were done with women (15-49 years) and adolescents (10-19 years), and in-depth interviews with frontline workers and village health committees were done. Content analysis was done.Results Overall, 4853 women, and 8158 adolescents were engaged in the intervention in two districts. We found a noticeable change in some of the practices like institutional delivery, breastfeeding, uptake of antenatal care among women, and knowledge about sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. Around 23% and 67% of the young people from Nagaur and Pali, respectively, were linked with jobs in computer training centers, tailoring centers, and beauty parlors. However, we found a lack of change in some of the indicators, such as knowledge about HIV testing during pregnancy, uptake of contraceptives, and iron-folic acid consumption among women. Early marriage was widely prevalent in the districts, the reduction of which was underachieved. In the interviews, frontline workers reported having been impartial and inclusive in delivering health services.Conclusions We found evidence suggesting that peer-led interventions are equally effective in improving maternal and child health practices and livelihood promotion. The gaps at system-level, coupled with the presence of specific socio-cultural contextual factors might explain for lack of improvement in some of the indicators.
Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) induce DNA damage to inhibit cervical cancer cells proliferation by inhibiting PHF6 activity
Authors: Cai Ting , Wu Wenquan , Ming Qiang , Guo Longhua , Xia Yongwu , Liu Yunhong , Jiang Xiaoxin , Zhang Limei , Peng Feiding , ming pinghong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is isolated from the panax notoginseng which is a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine and edible plant with good healthful effect that using range is very wide for medical treatment and health care. It had been demonstrated to inhibit various tumors proliferation, but whether it inhibited cervical cancer cells proliferation and its mechanism was not unclear. In this study, we showed that NGR1 could inhibit cervical cancer cells to proliferate with a time and dose dependent manner, induce cervical cancer cells apoptosis and arrest cervical cancer cells in G1/S-phase . We also found that NGR1 could make H2AX phosphorylation and inhibit PHF6 expression with a time and dose dependent manner. Furthermore, when over expression PHF6 gene, the γH2AX haven't any change , but silenced PHF6 gene with siRNA, the γH2AX increased significantly. That mean PHF6 has negative correlation with γH2AX. Subsequently , we added NGR1 to intervene, something interesting happened that PHF6 protein fell even more, but the γH2AX more up regulation in the siPHF6 and NGR1 group. In the PEGFP-C1-PHF6 plasmid vector and NGR1 group, inversely , the PHF6 protein declined, and the γH2AX still up regulation . All those results indicate d that NGR1 caused DNA injury by inhibiting PHF6 activity pathway and arrested cervical cancer cells in G1/S-phase.
Association between Dietary Energy Density and Mental Health in Overweight/Obese Women
Authors: Maddahi Niloofarsadat , Yarizadeh Habib , Setayesh Leila , Nasir Yasaman , Alizadeh Shahab , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Mental health, sleep quality and dietary intake are interlinked. Impairment of mental health and low sleep quality may contribute to obesity through the consumption of diets high in energy density. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether dietary energy density (DED) influences mental health. This study aimed to examine the association of DED with mental health indices, including depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality in overweight/obese women.Results: After adjustment for age, BMI, and physical activity, subjects in the highest quartile of DED had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but lower serum triglyceride, than those in the lowest quartile (p <0.05). DED was significantly associated with increased odds of stress in the crude (OR =2.15, 95%CI: 1.01-4.56, p= 0.04) and adjusted model for age, BMI, and physical activity (OR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.13-5.79, p=0.02). No significant relationship was observed between DED and depression, anxiety and sleep quality.
Prevalence of 3.7 and 4.2 Deletions in Sudanese Patients with Red Cells Hypochromia and Microcytosis
Authors: Osman Hussam Ali , Hamid Muzamil Mahdi Abdel , Ahmad Rahimah Binti , Saleem Mohamed , Abdallah Sana Altahir 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: Alpha-thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by deletions of one or more α globin genes that result in deficient of α globin chains reducing haemoglobin concentration. The study aimed to screen 97 patients with microcytosis and hypochromasia for the 3.7 and 4.2 alpha thalassemia deletion mutations. Results: Out of 97 patients screened, only 7 were carriers for the 3.7 deletion and all patients were negative for the 4.2 deletion. The 3.7 deletion was found in Foor, Hawsa and Rezagat Sudanese tribes. In the carriers of the 3.7 deletion, Red Blood Cells and Haematocrit were significantly increased. The Red Blood Cells were 7.23±0.78×10 12 /L in adult males and 7.21±0.67×10 12 /L in adult females while in children were 5.07±0.87×10 12 /L. The mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin were significantly decreased, but the mean cell haemoglobin concentration slightly decreased. Haemoglobin levels didn’t revealed statistically significant decrease in adult males (11.7±0.57 g/dL) and adult females (11.25±0.64 g/dL), while in children were (11.6±2.95 g/dl). Haemoglobin electrophoresis revealed two patients of the 3.7 and 4.2 negative were carriers for b-thalassemia. The study concluded that α 3.7 deletion has frequency of 0.07 in Sudanese with hypochromasia and microcytosis.
Characterization of outdoor air pollution from solid fuel combustion in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, a rural region of China
Authors: Hu Wei , Downward George , Wong Jason Y.Y , Reiss Boris , Rothman Nathaniel , Portengen Lutzen , Li Jihua , Jones Rena R. , Huang Yunchao , Yang Kaiyun , Chen Ying , Xu Jun , He Jun , Bassig Bryan , Seow Wei Jie , Hosgood Dean H. , Zhang Linlin , Wu Guoping , Wei Fusheng , Vermeulen Roel , Lan Qing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Outdoor air pollution is a growing public health concern, particularly in urban settings. However, there are limited epidemiological data on outdoor air pollution in rural areas with substantial levels of air pollution attributed to solid fuel burning for household cooking and heating. Xuanwei and Fuyuan are rural counties in China where the domestic combustion of locally sourced bituminous (“smoky”) coal has been associated with the highest lung cancer rates in China. We previously assessed indoor and personal air pollution exposures in this area; however, the influence of indoor coal combustion and household ventilation on outdoor air pollution has not been assessed. Methods: We measured outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5), species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including naphthalene (NAP) and the known carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over two consecutive 24-hour sampling periods in 29 villages. Half of the villages were revisited two to nine months after the initial sampling period to repeat all measurements. Results and Conclusion: The overall geometric mean (GM) of outdoor PM2.5, BaP, NAP, and NO2 were 45.3 µg/m3, 9.7 ng/m3, 707.7 ng/m3, and 91.5 µg/m3, respectively. Using linear mixed effects models, we found that burning smoky coal was associated with higher outdoor BaP concentrations (GM ratio (GMR)=2.79) and lower outdoor SO2 detection rates (GMR=0.43), compared to areas burning smokeless coal. Areas with predominantly ventilated stoves (>50% of stoves) had higher outdoor BaP (GMR=1.49) compared to areas with fewer ventilated stoves. These results show that outdoor air pollution in a rural region of China was associated with the type of coal used for cooking and heating indoors and the presence of stove ventilation. Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce indoor air pollution have resulted in higher outdoor air pollution levels. Further reducing adverse health effects in rural villages from household coal combustion will require the use of cleaner fuel types.
Spatial-temporal evaluation of water quality in Brazilian semiarid reservoirs
Authors: Rossiter Karina Waleska Lopes , Marques Erika Alves Tavares , de Oliveira Cláudia Ricardo , Matta Elena , Morais Maria Manuela Queiroz Martins Mantero 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Reservoirs are used in the Brazilian semiarid for human supply, power generation, irrigated agriculture and more recently, intensive fish farming, the Sobradinho reservoir being the largest of this region. In the last decade, the semiarid region has suffered a strong drought, in opposite direction to the increasing demand of multiple water uses. The present work aims to study the spatial-temporal variation of water quality in two reservoirs in the Brazilian semiarid region (Sobradinho and Itaparica reservoirs). For this, samples were collected in the dry and wet periods between 2011 and 2014, and the results were analyzed through boxplot charts and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For both reservoirs, our results showed that the PCAs did not evidence a specific seasonal change in the water quality characteristics, distinguishing the wet and dry periods through the four years studied. A clear temporal pattern was detected in both reservoirs, with higher values of turbidity, dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus in the wet period and higher values of pH and alkalinity in the dry period. An upstream reduction of nutrients and turbidity was not found in this study, as is reported in literature for consecutive reservoirs, probably due to the irrigation and aquaculture activities, mainly in Itaparica reservoir.
Ionic Liquid-assisted Preparation of Two-dimensional ZnO/Fe3O4 Nano-composites and their Application in Polysubstituted Pyrroles Synthesis
Authors: Karami Hossein , Sabbaghan Maryam , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Rostami-Charati Faramarz 
Published: January 2020

Aim and Objective:
Ionic liquids are a suitable medium for stabilization and
preparation of catalytic systems.

Materials and Methods:
The two-dimensional (2D) ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were synthesized
using ionic liquid [OMIM]Br as a stabilizer and soft template. The nanocomposites were
characterized via FTIR, XRD, VSM and SEM analysis.

Results:
The catalytic activity of these composites was evaluated using a multicomponent reaction
of primary amines, acetylacetone, and 2-bromoacetophenone.

Conclusion:
2D ZnO/Fe3O4 as a recyclable and green catalyst showed excellent catalytic
performance for the preparation of poly-substituted pyrroles.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Artocarpus hirsutus Seed Extract and its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Shobana Sampath , Veena Sunderam , Sameer S.S.M. , Swarnalakshmi K. , Vishal L.A. 
Published: January 2020

Aims:
To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Artocarpus hirsutus mediated seed extract for
nanoparticle synthesis.

Background:
Gastrointestinal bacteria are known for causing deadly infections in humans. They also
possess multi-drug resistance and interfere with clinical treatments. Applied nanotechnology has been
known to combat such infectious agents with little interference from their special attributes. Here we
synthesize silver nanoparticles from Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract against two gastro-intestinal bacterial
species: Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes.

Objective:
To collect, dry, and process seeds of Artocarpus hirsutus for nanoparticle synthesis. To
evaluate the morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles with bacteria.

Methods:
Artocarpus hirsutus seeds were collected and processed and further silver nanoparticles were
synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using
XRD, UV, FTIR, and SEM. These nanoparticles were employed to study the antibacterial activity of
nanoparticles against Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes using well diffusion method.
Further, morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles on bacteria was studied using SEM.

Result:
Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract and characterization
studies confirmed that silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with 25-40 nm size. Antibacterial
study exhibited better activity against Enterobacter aerogenes with a maximum zone of inhibition
than on Listeria monocytogenes. SEM micrographs indicated that Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria
were more susceptible to silver nanoparticles due to the absence of cell wall. Also, the size and charge
of silver nanoparticles enable easy penetration of the bacterial cell wall.

Conclusion:
In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the seed extract of Artocarpus
hirsutus for the first time exploiting the fact that Moraceae species have high phytonutrient content
which aided in nanoparticle synthesis. This nanoparticle can be employed for large scale synthesis
which when coupled with the pharmaceutical industry can be used to overcome the problems associated
with conventional antibiotics to treat gastrointestinal bacteria.
The Frequency and Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Recurrence Among Jordanian Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Tabanjeh Sinan F. , Hyassat Dana , Jaddou Hashem , Younes Nidal A. , Robert Asirvatham A. , Ajlouni Kamel 
Published: January 2020

Background:Diabetic foot is a major public health problem and their complications are an imperative cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes.Objective:To evaluate the rate of recurrence of foot ulcers post two years of follow-up, including the associated risk factors in the patients attending the diabetic foot clinic at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan.Methods:A historical cohort design was adopted for the patients who presented for the first time to the diabetic foot clinic at the NCDEG. Every patient who came to the clinic was reviewed by using his or her medical files with respect to diabetic foot-related complaints. Patients were classified under four categories: (1) Recurrent foot ulcers (2) chronic foot ulcer (3) free of recurrence, and (4) no foot ulcers. Among the four groups, group 1 (recurrent foot ulcers, n=76) and group 3 (free of recurrence, n=54) were included for the analysis.Results:Among the 141 patients who presented to the diabetic foot clinic during the two-year study period, 76 (53.9%) of them experienced ulcer recurrences, 54 (38.3%) were recurrence-free, and 11 (7.8%) had chronic ulceration. The two-year recurrence rate was 58.5%. The presence of deformity and osteomyelitis were the statistically significant independent risk factors for recurrent foot ulceration.Conclusion:This study of recurrences was clearly related to the type and complications of the ulcers rather than to the other variables. Recurrent foot ulceration is linked to the presence of osteomyelitis and/or deformities.
Patient Perception of Musculoskeletal MR: A Survey Research
Authors: Belloni Elena , Tentoni Stefania , Puci Mariangela Valentina , Bortolotto Chandra , Bottinelli Olivia , Cellina Michaela , Gibelli Daniele , Rosti Cristina , Oliva Giancarlo , Montomoli Cristina , Preda Lorenzo , Calliada Fabrizio , Scagnelli Paola 
Published: January 2020

Background:
When undergoing magnetic resonance (MR) exams, patients need to lie
still in a noisy and enclosed environment for a long time. This condition, together with the anxiety
burden related to the possible implications of the scan results, can entail a diagnostic outcome of
poor quality.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the personal perception and experience of adult
patients undergoing unenhanced musculoskeletal MR.

Methods:
Consecutive outpatients undergoing unenhanced MR of spine, knee or shoulder were
asked to respond to a 10-item questionnaire at the end of the exam.

Results:
263 patients (54% males, mean age 50.6 ±15.8 years, range 18-83 years) completed the
questionnaire. Patients declared that the most disturbing elements of the exam were forced immobility
and noise (30% in both cases). Females perceived significantly higher degree of anxiety
than males (56% vs. 21%, p<0.001). Exam duration was correctly perceived by 83% of the population.
Patients’ satisfaction was generally high (mean above 9 over 10).

Conclusion:
Explanations and clarifications given before the exam were considered satisfactory
by the patients. Despite some negative aspects such as noise, immobility and anxiety especially in
females, patients’ satisfaction with our service was high, as well as the willingness to return.