bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A constitutive analysis of nonlinear shear flow
Authors: Narimissa Esmaeil , Schweizer Thomas , Wagner Manfred H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe analyse shear stress and normal stress data obtained by cone-partitioned-plate (CPP) shear rheometry in recent years. The data sets of Schweizer et al. (Rheol. Acta 47, 943–957, 2008) and Costanzo et al. (Macromolecules 49, 3925–3935, 2016; & Fluids 4, 28, 2019) on nearly monodisperse polystyrene melts and solutions are considered to be among the most reliable shear data available. The Doi-Edwards independent alignment (DEIA) model (J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Transactions 2: Molecular and Chemical Physics 74, 1802–1832, 1978a,b) allows for quantitative description of the steady-state values of shear viscosity $$ \eta \left(\dot{\gamma}\right) $$
η
(

γ
̇

)
and first normal stress coefficient $$ {\psi}_1\left(\dot{\gamma}\right) $$

ψ
1

(

γ
̇

)
, while it underpredicts the stress overshoot of the stress growth coefficient of the shear stress, η+(t), and fails in predicting a stress overshoot of the stress growth coefficient of first normal stress difference, $$ {\psi}_1^{+}(t) $$

ψ
1
+

t

. On the other hand, the extended interchain pressure (EIP) model (J. Rheol. 64, 95–110, 2020) provides an excellent prediction of the stress overshoots of both shear stress and first normal stress difference, while overpredicting the steady-state shear viscosity and the first normal stress coefficient. We demonstrate that the shear stress overshoot is the result of a combination of orientational stress overshoot and stretch overshoot, while the normal stress overshoot depends solely on the overshoot of the stretch. Based on these considerations, we propose a novel constitutive approach consisting of a combination of the DEIA and the EIP model, and predictions of this approach are found to be in quantitative agreement with the data sets of Schweizer et al. and Costanzo et al. within experimental accuracy.
Characteristic of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients: early findings from two Italian Pediatric Research Networks
Authors: Parri Niccolò , Magistà Anna Maria , Marchetti Federico , Cantoni Barbara , Arrighini Alberto , Romanengo Marta , Felici Enrico , Urbino Antonio , Da Dalt Liviana , Verdoni Lucio , Armocida Benedetta , Covi Benedetta , Mariani Ilaria , Giacchero Roberta , Musolino Anna Maria , Binotti Marco , Biban Paolo , Fasoli Silvia , Pilotto Chiara , Nicoloso Flavia , Raggi Massimiliano , Miorin Elisabetta , Buonsenso Danilo , Chiossi Massimo , Agostiniani Rino , Plebani Anna , Barbieri Maria Antonietta , Lanari Marcello , Arrigo Serena , Zoia Elena , Lenge Matteo , Masi Stefano , Barbi Egidio , Lazzerini Marzia ,   on behalf of the CONFIDENCE and COVID-19 Italian Pediatric Study Networks
Published: June 2020

AbstractDetailed data on clinical presentations and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in Europe are still lacking. In this descriptive study, we report on 130 children with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed by 28 centers (mostly hospitals), in 10 regions in Italy, during the first months of the pandemic. Among these, 67 (51.5%) had a relative with COVID-19 while 34 (26.2%) had comorbidities, with the most frequent being respiratory, cardiac, or neuromuscular chronic diseases. Overall, 98 (75.4%) had an asymptomatic or mild disease, 11 (8.5%) had moderate disease, 11 (8.5%) had a severe disease, and 9 (6.9%) had a critical presentation with infants below 6 months having significantly increased risk of critical disease severity (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 29.1). Seventy-five (57.7%) children were hospitalized, 15 (11.5%) needed some respiratory support, and nine (6.9%) were treated in an intensive care unit. All recovered.Conclusion:This descriptive case series of children with COVID-19, mostly encompassing of cases enrolled at hospital level, suggest that COVID-19 may have a non-negligible rate of severe presentations in selected pediatric populations with a relatively high rates of comorbidities. More studies are needed to further understand the presentation and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in children with special needs.

What is Known:• There is limited evidence on the clinical presentation and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in Europe, and almost no evidence on characteristics and risk factors of severe cases.

What is New:• Among a case series of 130 children, mostly diagnosed at hospital level, and with a relatively high rate (26.2%) of comorbidities, about three-quarter had an asymptomatic or mild disease.• However, 57.7% were hospitalized, 11.5% needed some respiratory support, and 6.9% were treated in an intensive care unit.
Climate-related risks in the construction of Xiongan New Area, China
Authors: Wang Yujie , Song Lianchun , Han Zhenyu , Liao Yaoming , Xu Hongmei , Zhai Jianqing , Zhu Rong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the paper, we analyze the climate-related risks of rainstorm floods, droughts and water shortages, high temperatures, and heavy hazes in the Xiongan New Area. A warming and drying trend was seen in Xiongan New Area during 1961–2018, as evidenced by the increase in the number of high-temperature days and the maximum rainfall intensity per hour, a decrease in surface water resources and groundwater levels, a reduction in wind speeds, and weakening of the self-purification capacity of the atmosphere. It is estimated that the areas at high risk of floods and heats will increase by 15.7 and 15.6% in around 2035 relative to 1986–2005, respectively. Although the runoff in the Daqing River Basin will increase, the construction of Xiongan New Area means that the imbalance between the supply and demand of water resources will remain. Climate change adaptation measures should therefore be improved in the planning and construction of Xiongan New Area. Finally, we discuss the approaches to address climate-related risks in this new area.
ABBA: adaptive Brownian bridge-based symbolic aggregation of time series
Authors: Elsworth Steven , Güttel Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA new symbolic representation of time series, called ABBA, is introduced. It is based on an adaptive polygonal chain approximation of the time series into a sequence of tuples, followed by a mean-based clustering to obtain the symbolic representation. We show that the reconstruction error of this representation can be modelled as a random walk with pinned start and end points, a so-called Brownian bridge. This insight allows us to make ABBA essentially parameter-free, except for the approximation tolerance which must be chosen. Extensive comparisons with the SAX and 1d-SAX representations are included in the form of performance profiles, showing that ABBA is often able to better preserve the essential shape information of time series compared to other approaches, in particular when time warping measures are used. Advantages and applications of ABBA are discussed, including its in-built differencing property and use for anomaly detection, and Python implementations provided.
Correlates of Post-traumatic Growth Following a Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hegarty Gayle , Storey Lesley , Dempster Martin , Rogers Dave 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCorrelates of post-traumatic growth (PTG) have been examined in the area of health psychology previously, with much focus on aspects of personality, coping, and social support. This systematic review aimed to examine correlates of PTG for those who have experienced a myocardial infarction (MI). Studies which met inclusion criteria were assessed for quality and reviewed. Results showed an inconsistent strength of associations between studies and so conclusions cannot be drawn. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed and recommendations for future research are suggested.
Psycholinguistic Investigation of the Immediate Interpretation of Plural Nouns in the Scope of Sentential Negation in Polish
Authors: Gulgowski Piotr , Błaszczak Joanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe number meaning of grammatically plural nouns is to some extent context sensitive. In negative sentences, plural nouns typically receive an inclusive reading referring to any number of individuals (one or many). This contrasts with their more frequent exclusive reading referring to a group of two or more individuals. The present study investigated whether a plural noun in a negative sentence is treated as inclusive immediately when it is encountered or whether this interpretation is delayed. In an experiment using a technique based on a numerical variant of the Stroop effect (Berent et al. in J Mem Lang 53:342–358, 2005. 10.1016/j.jml.2005.05.002; Patson and Warren in J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 36(3):782–789, 2010. 10.1037/a0018783), participants counted visually presented singular and plural Polish nouns embedded in either affirmative or negative sentences. The nouns were displayed once or as two copies. Plural nouns were easier to count when they were repeated twice on the screen than when only one copy was displayed. For singular nouns this pattern was reversed and the effect was weaker. Crucially, no difference was found for plural nouns appearing in affirmative and negative sentences. This indicated that an inclusive (“one or more”) reading of plural nouns in the scope of sentential negation was not immediate. The results are in line with past research suggesting that the semantic processing of a negative sentence may proceed in two phases (Fischler et al. in Psychophysiology 20(4):400–409, 1983. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb00920.x; Kaup et al. in J Pragmat 38:1033–1050, 2006. 10.1016/j.pragma.2005.09.012; Lüdtke et al. in J Cogn Neurosci 20(8):1355–1370, 2008. 10.1162/jocn.2008.20093; Spychalska in Proceedings of the 2011 ESSLLI student session, 2011).
Control trajectory optimisation and optimal control of an electric vehicle HVAC system for favourable efficiency and thermal comfort
Authors: Cvok Ivan , Škugor Branimir , Deur Joško 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to increase the driving range of battery electric vehicles, while maintaining a high level of thermal comfort inside the passenger cabin, it is necessary to design an energy management system which optimally synthesizes multiple control actions of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. To gain an insight into optimal control actions and set a control benchmark, the paper first proposes an algorithm of dynamic programming (DP)-based optimisation of HVAC control variables, which minimises the conflicting criteria of passenger thermal comfort and HVAC efficiency. Next, a hierarchical structure of thermal comfort control system is proposed, which consists of optimised low-level feedback controllers, optimisation-based control allocation algorithm that sets references for the low-level controllers, and a superimposed cabin temperature controller that commands the cooling capacity to the allocation algorithm. Finally, the overall control system is verified by simulation for cool-down scenario, and the simulation results are compared with the DP benchmark. The results show that the control system behaviour can approach the DP benchmark if the superimposed controller bandwidth is tuned along with the allocation cost function weighting coefficients, where a fast controller tuning relates to better thermal comfort while a slow tuning results in improved efficiency.
Mathematical Modeling of Furnace Drainage While Tapping Slag and Metal Through a Single Tap-Hole
Authors: Olsen Jan Erik , Reynolds Quinn Gareth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Furnace tapping is a critical operation on pyrometallurgical furnaces known for unpredictable performance in many cases. A reduced order mathematical model capable of predicting tapping rates of both slag and metal is presented. The model accounts for separate liquid phases and particle bed resistance to flow. The model is compared for consistency against results from both a water-model experiment and computational fluid dynamics simulations. The model is applied to study drainage from a typical ferro-manganese furnace. The model results show that particle bed conditions in the immediate vicinity of the tap-hole strongly influence tapping rates and that the slag/metal interface deformation due to suction pressure near to the tap-hole is significant and must be accounted for in such models.
Comparison of Residual Stress Measurements Conducted by X-ray Stress Analysis and Incremental Hole Drilling Method
Authors: Bobzin K. , Wietheger W. , Knoch M. A. , Schacht A. , Reisgen U. , Sharma R. , Oster L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe level of residual stresses is of great importance for many applications. In this work, the two established residual stress analysis methods x-ray stress analysis and incremental hole-drilling combined with electronic speckle pattern interferometry are compared. Each stress analysis method has its specific limitations. Furthermore, the residual stress state of a material is influenced by its processing history. To compare both methods, aluminum-based specimens (AlCu6Mn, AlZn5.5MgCu) with different processing histories were investigated. Measurements with both methods were conducted on the same specimens and on the same measurement spots. Highest stress levels were found in the mechanically machined specimen, while heat treatment via tempering or deposition welding shows reduced stress levels inside of the specimens. In case of cold spraying, the stresses in the feedstock material are considered negligible. In contrast, cold-spray coatings deposited on construction steel substrate exhibited tensile stresses, which relax over time at room temperature.
Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery Significantly Improves Carotid and Cardiac Function in Apparently Healthy People with Morbid Obesity
Authors: Giudici Alessandro , Palombo Carlo , Kozakova Michaela , Morizzo Carmela , Losso Lorenzo , Nannipieri Monica , Berta Rossana , Hughes Alun D. , Cruickshank J. Kennedy , Khir Ashraf W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity clearly increases cardiovascular risk, often inducing high blood pressure (BP), impaired left ventricular (LV) function, and increased arterial stiffness. Intensive weight loss and bariatric surgery induce improvement in hypertension and diabetes for morbid obesity. Carotid artery haemodynamics is a powerful prognostic indicator for stroke and cognitive decline independent of BP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 3-stage bariatric strategy of diet, bariatric surgery, and consequent weight loss on carotid haemodynamics and cardiac diastolic function.

Material and Methods
This prospective study included 26 patients (45 ± 10 years, 4 men) with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery without comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, etc.). Anthropometry, BP, Doppler echocardiography, and common carotid haemodynamics by ultrasound were measured at three times: (1) baseline, (2) after 1-month diet (post-diet), and (3) 8 months after surgery (post-surgery). The lnDU-loop method was used to estimate local carotid pulse wave velocity (ncPWV).

Results
Baseline BMI was 47.9 ± 7.1 kg/m2 and reduced by 5% and 30% post-diet and post-surgery, respectively. BP decreased only post-diet, without pulse pressure change. However, ncPWV, 6.27 ± 1.35 m/s at baseline, was significantly reduced by 10% and 23% post-diet and post-surgery, respectively, also adjusted for BP changes. The E/A ratio rose from 0.95 ± 0.20 to 1.27 ± 0.31 (p < 0.005), without change in LV geometry or mass, while heart rate and cardiac output fell substantially.

Conclusion
Weight loss following diet and bariatric surgery is associated with reduced carotid arterial stiffness and improved LV diastolic function. Diet and bariatric surgery are effective treatments for morbid obesity with its concomitant adverse cardiovascular effects.
A review of development methods and EOR technologies for carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Xu Zheng-Xiao , Li Song-Yan , Li Bin-Fei , Chen Dan-Qi , Liu Zhong-Yun , Li Zhao-Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarbonate reservoirs worldwide are complex in structure, diverse in form, and highly heterogeneous. Based on these characteristics, the reservoir stimulation technologies and fluid flow characteristics of carbonate reservoirs are briefly described in this study. The development methods and EOR technologies of carbonate reservoirs are systematically summarized, the relevant mechanisms are analyzed, and the application status of oil fields is catalogued. The challenges in the development of carbonate reservoirs are discussed, and future research directions are explored. In the current development processes of carbonate reservoirs, water flooding and gas flooding remain the primary means but are often prone to channeling problems. Chemical flooding is an effective method of tertiary oil recovery, but the harsh formation conditions require high-performance chemical agents. The application of emerging technologies can enhance the oil recovery efficiency and environmental friendliness to a certain extent, which is welcome in hard-to-recover areas such as heavy oil reservoirs, but the economic cost is often high. In future research on EOR technologies, flow field control and flow channel plugging will be the potential directions of traditional development methods, and the application of nanoparticles will revolutionize the chemical EOR methods. On the basis of diversified reservoir stimulation, combined with a variety of modern data processing schemes, multichannel EOR technologies are being developed to realize the systematic, intelligent, and cost-effective development of carbonate reservoirs.
Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the Netherlands: room for improvement!
Authors: Ten Have P. , Hilt A. D. , Paalvast H. , Eindhoven D. C. , Schalij M. J. , Beeres S. L. M. A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aim
To analyse non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) care in the Netherlands and to identify modifiable factors to improve NSTEMI healthcare.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study analysed hospital and pharmacy claims data of all NSTEMI patients in the Netherlands in 2015. The effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during hospitalisation on 1‑year mortality was investigated in the subcohort alive 4 days after NSTEMI. The effect of medical treatment on 1‑year mortality was assessed in the subcohort alive 30 days after NSTEMI. The effect of age, gender and co-morbidities was evaluated. PCI during hospitalisation was defined as PCI within 72 h after NSTEMI and optimal medical treatment was defined as the combined use of an aspirin species, P2Y12 inhibitor, statin, beta-blocker and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker, started within 30 days after NSTEMI.

Results
Data from 17,997 NSTEMI patients (age 69.6 (SD = 12.8) years, 64% male) were analysed. Of the patients alive 4 days after NSTEMI, 43% had a PCI during hospitalisation and 1‑year mortality was 10%. In the subcohort alive 30 days after NSTEMI, 47% of patients were receiving optimal medical treatment at 30 days and 1‑year mortality was 7%. PCI during hospitalisation (odds ratio (OR) 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.48) and optimal medical treatment (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.51–0.67) were associated with a lower 1‑year mortality.

Conclusion
In Dutch NSTEMI patients, use of PCI during hospitalisation and prescription of optimal medical treatment are modest. As both are independently associated with a lower 1‑year mortality, this study provides direction on how to improve the quality of NSTEMI healthcare in the Netherlands.
Tensions in future development of organic production—views of stakeholders on Organic 3.0
Authors: Milestad Rebecka , Röös Elin , Stenius Tove , Wivstad Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study analysed Swedish stakeholders’ views on future developments of organic production and consumption based on Organic 3.0, a strategic initiative by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). Focus group discussions were carried out with actors representing different parts of the organic value chain in Sweden. These identified a number of tensions, four of which represented an unresolved dichotomy in the way forward for the organic movement and its relevance for organic production in most settings. The first tension was between the drive for increased efficiency to achieve higher yields and an agroecological approach with broader sustainability values. The second concerned availability of plant nutrients in organic agriculture including safe recirculating of nutrients from society. The third tension set new technology against the precautionary principle and the notion of naturalness. The fourth concerned the role of organic as an innovation system; whether organic should be a forerunner, i.e. performing well above average and fostering innovation, or whether organic should be a broader movement including more farmers but then requiring more regulations that may hinder innovation. These tensions will result in important choices on direction for the organic sector as it pursues the Organic 3.0 goal of sustainably feeding a growing population based on farming systems based on organic principles.
Modified Usability Framework for Disaster Apps: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of User Reviews
Authors: Tan Marion Lara , Prasanna Raj , Stock Kristin , Doyle Emma E. H. , Leonard Graham , Johnston David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe public has access to a range of mobile applications (apps) for disasters. However, there has been limited academic research conducted on disaster apps and how the public perceives their usability. This study explores end-users’ perceptions of the usability of disaster apps. It proposes a conceptual framework based on insights gathered from thematically analyzing online reviews. The study identifies new usability concerns particular to disaster apps’ use: (1) content relevance depends on the app’s purpose and the proximate significance of the information to the hazard event’s time and location; (2) app dependability affects users’ perceptions of usability due to the life-safety association of disaster apps; (3) users perceive advertisements to contribute to their cognitive load; (4) users expect apps to work efficiently without unnecessary consumption of critical phone resources; (5) appropriate audio interface can improve usability, as sounds can boost an app’s alerting aspect; and, finally (6) in-app browsing may potentially enhance users’ impression of the structure of a disaster app. As a result, this study argues for focussed research and development on public-facing disaster apps. Future research should consider the conceptual framework and concerns presented in this study when building design guidelines and theories for disaster apps.