bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruption of dystonin in Schwann cells results in late‐onset neuropathy and sensory ataxia
Authors: Horie Masao , Yoshioka Nozomu , Kusumi Satoshi , Sano Hiromi , Kurose Masayuki , Watanabe‐Iida Izumi , Hossain Ibrahim , Chiken Satomi , Abe Manabu , Yamamura Kensuke , Sakimura Kenji , Nambu Atsushi , Shibata Masahiro , Takebayashi Hirohide 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDystonin (Dst) is a causative gene for Dystonia musculorum (dt) mice, which is an inherited disorder exhibiting dystonia‐like movement and ataxia with sensory degeneration. Dst is expressed in a variety of tissues, including the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), muscles, and skin. However, the Dst‐expressing cell type(s) for dt phenotypes have not been well characterized. To address the questions whether the disruption of Dst in Schwann cells induces movement disorders and how much impact does it have on dt phenotypes, we generated Dst conditional knockout (cKO) mice using P0‐Cre transgenic mice and Dst gene trap mice. First, we assessed the P0‐Cre transgene‐dependent Cre recombination using tdTomato reporter mice and then confirmed the preferential tdTomato expression in Schwann cells. In the Dst cKO mice, Dst mRNA expression was significantly decreased in Schwann cells, but it was intact in most of the sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion. Next, we analyzed the phenotype of Dst cKO mice. They exhibited a normal motor phenotype during juvenile periods, and thereafter, started exhibiting an ataxia. Behavioral tests and electrophysiological analyses demonstrated impaired motor abilities and slowed motor nerve conduction velocity in Dst cKO mice, but these mice did not manifest dystonic movements. Electron microscopic observation of the PNS of Dst cKO mice revealed significant numbers of hypomyelinated axons and numerous infiltrating macrophages engulfing myelin debris. These results indicate that Dst is important for normal PNS myelin organization and Dst disruption in Schwann cells induces late‐onset neuropathy and sensory ataxia.Main points
Dystonin (Dst) disruption in Schwann cells results in late‐onset neuropathy and sensory ataxia.
Dst in Schwann cells is important for normal myelin organization in the peripheral nervous system.
Interactive influence of self and other language behaviors: Evidence from switching between bilingual production and comprehension
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Kong Chao , de Bruin Angela , Wu Junjie , He Yuying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe neural mechanisms underlying one's own language production and the comprehension of language produced by other speakers in daily communication remain elusive. Here, we assessed how self‐language production and other‐language comprehension interact within a language switching context using event‐related functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (er‐fMRI) in 32 unbalanced Chinese‐English bilinguals. We assessed within‐modality language interference during language production and comprehension as well as cross‐modality interference when switching from production to comprehension and vice versa. Results revealed that the overall effect of production (across switch and repeat trials) was larger in the cross‐modality than within‐modality condition in a series of attentional control areas, namely the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and left precuneus. Furthermore, the left precuneus was recruited more strongly in switch trials compared to repeat trials (i.e., switching costs) in within‐production conditions but not in the cross‐modality condition. These findings suggest that switching from production to comprehension recruits cognitive control areas to successfully implement switches between modalities. However, cross‐language interference (in the form of language switching costs) mainly stems from the self‐language production system.
Head and neck cancer survivorship from the patient perspective
Authors: Pagedar Nitin A. , Kendell Nicholas , Christensen Alan J. , Thomsen Timothy A. , Gist Michaela , Seaman Aaron T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurvivorship is a critical part of head and neck cancer (HNC) care. In order to design better processes, we assessed care provided to long‐term HNC survivors and their priorities for ongoing care.MethodsA survey was provided to HNC survivors at clinic appointments, including our HNC survivorship clinic. Questions focused on priorities for care in the otolaryngology clinic, types of care provided, and opioid use.ResultsOf 168 respondents, the most common priority for survivors was surveillance for recurrence (first priority in 75%), with general health the next most common (8%). Few respondents reported active primary care involvement in survivorship. About 10% of patients reported current opioid use.ConclusionSurvivors face a large burden of symptoms and deficits, but our data show that most survivors focus on recurrence. Few survivors reported recall of survivorship care plan delivery or discussing cancer care needs with primary care providers.
How did we get here? Short history of COVID‐19 and other coronavirus‐related epidemics
Authors: Lango Miriam N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 epidemic was not the first coronavirus epidemic of this century and represents one of the increasing number of zoonoses from wildlife to impact global health. SARS CoV‐2, the virus causing the COVID‐19 epidemic is distinct from, but closely resembles SARS CoV‐1, which was responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2002. SARS CoV‐1 and 2 share almost 80% of genetic sequences and use the same host cell receptor to initiate viral infection. However, SARS predominantly affected individuals in close contact with infected animals and health care workers. In contrast, CoV‐2 exhibits robust person to person spread, most likely by means of asymptomatic carriers, which has resulted in greater spread of disease, overall morbidity and mortality, despite its lesser virulence. We review recent coronavirus‐related epidemics and distinguish clinical and molecular features of CoV‐2, the causative agent for COVID‐19, and review the current status of vaccine trials.
Effect of Joule heating on MHD non‐Newtonian fluid flow past an exponentially stretching curved surface
Authors: Kempannagari Anantha Kumar , Buruju Ramoorthy Reddy , Naramgari Sandeep , Vangala Sugunamma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current endeavor examines the convective heat transfer characteristics on magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of micropolar fluid past an exponential curved surface. The flow is supposed to be laminar and time‐independent. The influence of radiation, irregular heat source/sink, Joule heating, and variable thermal conductivity are supposed. Suitable similarity renovations are considered to transform the original partial differential equations as ordinary ones and then resolved by shooting and fourth‐order Runge–Kutta methods. Graphs are drawn to inspect the impacts of sundry nondimensional parameters on the distributions of velocity, microrotation, and temperature. We detect that there is an escalation in temperature with Eckert number and variable heat source/sink parameters. Also, it is motivating to comment that Biot number is an increasing function of local Nusselt number.
Hydrological functioning of a beaver dam sequence and regional dam persistence during an extreme rainstorm
Authors: Westbrook Cherie J. , Ronnquist Amanda , Bedard‐Haughn Angela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly popular to reintroduce beaver to streams with the hopes of restoring riparian ecosystem function or reducing some of the hydrological impacts of climate change. One of the risks of relying on beaver to enhance ecosystem water storage is that their dams are reportedly more apt to fail during floods which can exacerbate flood severity. Missing are observations of beaver dam persistence and water storage capacity during floods, information needed to evaluate the risk of relying on beaver as a nature‐based flood solution. A June rainstorm in 2013 triggered the largest recorded flood in the Canadian Rocky Mountains west of Calgary, Alberta. We opportunistically recorded hydrometric data during the rainfall event at a beaver‐occupied peatland that has been studied for more than a decade. We supplemented these observations with a post‐event regional analysis of beaver dam persistence. Results do not support two long‐held hypotheses—that beaver ponds have limited flood attenuation capacity and commonly fail during large flood events. Instead we found that 68% of the beaver dam cascade systems across the region were intact or partially intact after the event. Pond fullness, in addition to the magnitude of the water‐sediment surge, emerged as important factors in determining the structural fate of dam cascade sequences. Beaver ponds at the instrumented site quickly filled in the first few hours of the rain event and levels were dynamic during the event. Water storage offered by the beaver ponds, even ones that failed, delayed downstream floodwater transmission. Study findings have important implications for reintroducing beaver as part of nature‐based restoration and climate change adaptation strategies.
Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with transition from the mesothelium
Authors: Tomisaki Ikko , Matsuyama Atsuji , Jotatsu Mao , Yamamura Sohei , Onishi Rei , Fujimoto Naohiro 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionMucinous cystic neoplasms are uncommon among the tumors that develop in the retroperitoneum. We report a case of primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with pathological considerations.Case presentationA 47‐year‐old woman complaining of abdominal discomfort presented at our hospital. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large cystic tumor with small solid nodules located in the right retroperitoneum. The tumor was completely removed and the microscopic findings were consistent with primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Two years after the surgery, the patient is alive without recurrence of the tumor.ConclusionThe microscopic findings suggested that the primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma developed from the metaplasia of the remnant coelomic epithelium. A complete tumor resection that includes the adjacent peritoneum is important to prevent local recurrence.
Salinization and drainage problems of agricultural land
Authors: Singh Ajay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe extension of irrigated agriculture is essential to fulfilling the mounting demand for food and fibre from a growing population which is anticipated to reach about 10 billion individuals in 2050. Lacking the necessary drainage, this extension can bring about salinization issues in irrigated regions. Continuous irrigation over many years with no adequate drainage services has led to huge agricultural regions becoming unproductive. Salinization problems linked to poor drainage are widespread in agricultural zones over the world. The aforementioned drainage‐related salinization issues in agricultural land have been solved by using various methods and techniques. This paper presents an assessment of some non‐conventional methods and strategies utilized for dealing with salinization and drainage issues of irrigated land. An indication of the drainage and salinization issues of irrigated areas and the significance of the study are given. Reasoning and foundation of the issues are presented. Numerical and analytical solutions of the problems are described. The drainage water management technique for managing nutrient losses from a drainage system is discussed. The analysis revealed that conjunctive water use with an increased groundwater proportion can to some extent manage the salinization and root‐zone submergence problems of irrigated areas. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of surface modification of poly‐lactide‐co‐glycolide/carbon nanotube nanofibrous scaffolds by laminin protein on nerve tissue engineering
Authors: Nazeri Niloofar , Karimi Roya , Ghanbari Hossein 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe presence of biological cues to promote the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of neuronal cells is important in the process of nerve regeneration. In this study, laminin as a neurite promoting protein, has been used to modify poly‐lactide‐co‐glycolide/carbon nanotube (PLGA/CNT) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds by means of either mussel‐inspired poly(dopamine) (PD) coating or via direct physical adsorption as a simple route for the functionalization of biomaterials. The laminin‐modified scaffolds were characterized by a combination of field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Subsequently, various properties of scaffolds such as degradation time, amount of attached laminin and the rate of CNT release were investigated. The synergistic effect of topographical and biological cues for PC12 cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation were then studied by SEM and confocal microscopy. The results of degradation study showed that laminin‐modified scaffolds were biodegradable with good structural integrity that persisted about 4 weeks. The amount of laminin attached to the PLGA/CNT and PLGA/CNT‐PD scaffolds was 3.12 ± 0.6 and 3.04 ± 071 μg per mg of the scaffold, respectively. Although laminin‐modified scaffolds could improve cell proliferation identically, neurite extensions on the PLGA/CNT scaffold modified via PD coating (PLGA/CNT‐PD‐lam scaffold) were significantly longer than those observed on PLGA/CNT scaffold modified via physical adsorption (PLGA/CNT‐lam scaffold) and unmodified scaffolds. Together, these results indicated that surface modification via PD coating could be a promising strategy to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds capable of sustaining longer neuronal growth for nerve tissue engineering.
T-Score as an Indicator of Fracture Risk During Treatment With Romosozumab or Alendronate in the ARCH Trial
Authors: Cosman Felicia , Lewiecki E Michael , Ebeling Peter R , Hesse Eric , Napoli Nicola , Matsumoto Toshio , Crittenden Daria B , Rojeski Maria , Yang Wenjing , Libanati Cesar , Ferrari Serge 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
In the Active-Controlled Fracture Study in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis at High Risk (ARCH) clinical trial (NCT01631214), 1 year of romosozumab followed by alendronate reduced the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures compared to alendronate alone in women with prevalent fracture. We performed post hoc analyses of data from patients in ARCH (romosozumab, n = 1739; alendronate, n = 1726) who had a baseline BMD measurement and received at least one open-label alendronate dose. We evaluated 1-year mean BMD and corresponding T-score changes; proportions of patients achieving T-scores &gt; −2.5 at the total hip (TH), femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (LS); and group differences in fracture rates after 12 months, while all participants were on alendronate. Subsequently, we investigated the relationship between T-scores achieved at the TH, FN, and LS at 12 months and subsequent fracture incidence. At 1 year, mean change from baseline in TH BMD was 6.3% (T-score change 0.31) with romosozumab versus 2.9% (T-score change 0.15) with alendronate (p &lt; .001). The proportion of patients with TH T-score &gt; −2.5 increased from 34% at baseline to 55% after 1 year of romosozumab and from 32% at baseline to 44% after 1 year of alendronate. Compared with patients receiving alendronate in year 1, those receiving romosozumab had a 75% reduction in new or worsening vertebral fracture (p &lt; .001) in year 2, and a 19% reduction in nonvertebral fracture (p = .120) and 40% reduction in hip fracture (p = .041) during the open-label period. TH and FN T-scores achieved at month 12 were associated with subsequent nonvertebral and vertebral fracture rates and the relationships were independent of treatment received. LS T-score at 12 months was associated with vertebral but not nonvertebral fracture risk. We conclude that 1 year of romosozumab leads to larger BMD gains versus alendronate, and that the T-score achieved with either therapy is related to subsequent fracture risk. These data support the use of T-score as a therapeutic target for patients with osteoporosis. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The up‐regulated hsa‐circRNA9102‐5 may be a risk factor for essential hypertension
Authors: Zheng Shuying , He Xin , Sun Jihan , Li Qiang , Zhang Tao , Zhang Lina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was aimed to investigate the expression levels of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the peripheral blood of essential hypertension (EH) patients and healthy controls (HC). On this basis, we tried to explain the possible role of circRNAs in the progression of EH and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers of EH.MethodsFirst, we analyzed the differentially expressed circRNAs in peripheral blood obtained from the finished microarray analysis and selected four circRNAs under strict standards. Then, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was performed to measure the expression levels of the selected circRNAs in a total of 192 blood samples, consisting of 96 HC and 96 diagnosed EH patients. Bioinformatics prediction of the target microRNAs (miRNAs) was performed for differentially expressed circRNAs, and the circulating vascular‐related miRNAs were selected for qRT‐PCR analysis to determine their expression levels.ResultsHsa‐circRNA9102‐5 (11.7 ± 1.06 vs 12.13 ± 1.11, P = .007) was up‐regulated in the patients group which was diagnosed with EH, as compared to the HC group, and was involved in the regulation of EH by sponging hsa‐miR‐150‐5p. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model was 0.620, using hsa‐circRNA9102‐5 as an independent predictor. Furthermore, the AUC was increased to 0.728 when hsa‐circRNA9102‐5 was combined with hsa‐miR‐150‐5p and multiple other factors, as a combined predictor.ConclusionsThe present results suggested that hsa‐circRNA9102‐5 may have played a crucial role in the development of EH by sponging hsa‐miR‐150‐5p, which showed great potential as a novel target.
Examining posttraumatic stress disorder as a predictor of treatment response to dialectical behavior therapy
Authors: Gratz Kim L. , Berghoff Christopher R. , Richmond Julia R. , Vidaña Ariana G. , Dixon‐Gordon Katherine L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a predictor of treatment response to dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) across the primary outcomes of interest within DBT (i.e., borderline personality disorder [BPD] symptoms, deliberate self‐harm, emotion regulation [ER] difficulties) and PTSD symptoms.MethodParticipants (N = 56) were consecutive admissions to an outpatient DBT clinic that completed diagnostic interviews at intake and self‐report outcome measures at intake and every 3 months throughout the treatment.ResultsPatients with (vs. without) a PTSD diagnosis did not report greater clinical severity at intake on most outcome measures, with the exception of PTSD symptom severity and, among older patients only, ER difficulties. The presence of a PTSD diagnosis was not associated with poorer treatment response to DBT. Instead, PTSD was associated with better response on the measure of BPD symptom severity.ConclusionsThe results suggest that patients with PTSD can benefit from DBT.
Morphological analysis of aqueous humor drainage using QD nanoparticles and indocyanine green
Authors: Nur İsmail Hakkı , Saçmacı Şerife , Orhan İmdat , Perez William , Testereci Haluk 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study represents the first morphological description of the lymphatic drainage of the ciliary body in vivo by comparative hyperspectral fluorescence imaging techniques of Quantum Qdot655 (QD) nanoparticles and indocyanine green (ICG). A volume of 1.25 μl of QD was injected into the left anterior camera of all rats. Similarly,1.25 μl of ICG diluted at a ratio of one‐fourth with physiological saline solution was injected into the right anterior camera of all rats. The thickness of the skin in the mandibular area, connective tissue, and the depth of the mandibular lymph node (MLN) made image retrieval difficult. For QD, 302 nm UV excitation and 605 nm fluorescence peak emission were applied. The detection of QD and ICG used in this study in the MLNs is definitive evidence that aqueous humor (AH) follows a uveolymphatic pathway. Scanning electron microscope and the energy dispersive X‐ray analyzer spectrum were used to examine both the Schlemm's canal and the MLN. For the first time, the QD was detected in the cortex of MLN. The QCM analysis of both QD‐AH and ICG‐AH was used to determine whether there was any interaction between them. This comparative study shows the importance of experimental animal modeling in pharmacological studies regarding eye research and drugs. In a female rat, the signal was taken from the parotid lymph node with QD injections.
Drivers of excess phosphorus and stream sediments in a nested agricultural catchment during base and stormflow conditions
Authors: Grewal Arsh , Melles Stephanie , Oswald Claire 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA variety of landscape and hydrological characteristics influence nutrient concentrations and suspended sediments in freshwater systems, yet the combined influence of these characteristics within nested agricultural catchments is still poorly understood, particularly across varying flow states. To tease apart potential drivers at within‐catchment scales, it is necessary to sample at a spatiotemporal resolution that captures how landscape drivers change with time. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the relative influence of landscape and hydrological characteristics at sub‐catchment scales in relation to total P (TP), soluble reactive P (SRP), the ratio of SRP and TP (SRP/TP), and total suspended solids (TSS) across varying flow conditions. Synoptic surveys were conducted at 13 longitudinal sampling sites under a variety of flow conditions (n = 14) between 2016 and 2017 in the Innisfil Creek watershed, southern Ontario. The surveys were grouped into baseflow and stormflow conditions, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to characterize the relationships between catchment characteristics, median concentrations of P, and TSS. Soil texture (i.e., clay dominated), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and constructed drain density had the largest influences on stormflow SRP and SRP/TP ratios, but measures of soil erosion, like the Bank Erosion Hazard Index and sinuosity, had the largest influence on stormflow TSS. During baseflow periods, these landscape characteristics were not informative, and they were difficult to tie to in‐stream conditions. Overall, our PLSR models indicated that buried tile drainage was a major source of SRP in Innisfil Creek, whereas bank erosion was a dominant source of TSS.