bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin for prevention of fetal lung injury associated with intrauterine inflammation and for improvement of lung maturation
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Na Quan , Shin Na E. , Shin Ha Eun , Kang Yeomin , Chudnovets Anna , Lei Jun , Song Haengseok , Burd Irina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInflammation is associated with injury to immature lungs, and melatonin administration to preterm newborns with acute respiratory distress improves pulmonary outcomes. We hypothesized that maternally administered melatonin may reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural injury in fetal lung and help fetal lung maturation in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation (IUI). Mice were randomized to the following groups: control (C), melatonin (M), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a model of IUI) (L), and LPS with melatonin (ML). Pro‐inflammatory cytokines, components of the Hippo pathway, and Yap1/Taz were analyzed in the fetal lung at E18 by real‐time RT‐qPCR. Confirmatory histochemistry and immunohistochemical analyses (surfactant protein B, vimentin, HIF‐1β, and CXCR2) were performed. The gene expression of IL1β in the fetal lung was significantly increased in L compared to C, M, and ML. Taz expression was significantly decreased in L compared to C and M. Taz gene expression in L was significantly decreased compared with those in ML. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that the expression of HIF‐1β and CXCR2 was significantly increased in L compared to C, M, and ML. The area of surfactant protein B and vimentin were significantly decreased in L than C, M, or ML in the fetal and neonatal lung. Antenatal maternally administered melatonin appears to prevent fetal lung injury induced by IUI and to help lung maturation. The results from this study results suggest that melatonin could serve as a novel safe preventive and/or therapeutic medicine for preventing fetal lung injury from IUI and for improving lung maturation in prematurity.
Community Attitudes Toward Opioid Use Disorder and Medication for Opioid Use Disorder in a Rural Appalachian County
Authors: Beachler Taylor , Zeller T. Aaron , Heo Moonseong , Lanzillotta‐Rangeley Jennifer , Litwin Alain H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate community attitudes concerning opioid use disorder (OUD) and medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in a rural community, and to plan educational initiatives to reduce stigma surrounding OUD and treatment.MethodsDissemination of a 24‐question survey to people living in a rural community followed by comparative analysis of survey results between 2 groups classified by recognition of OUD as a real illness.FindingsThree hundred sixty‐one individuals responded. Overall, 69% agreed that OUD is a real illness. Respondents recognizing OUD as a real illness were less likely to agree that individuals with OUD are dangerous (P = .014), more likely to agree that MOUD is effective (P < .001), that individuals with OUD should have the same right to a job (P < .001), and that naloxone should be administered for every overdose every time (P = .002).ConclusionsSignificant stigma exists toward individuals with OUD in rural communities, and recognizing OUD as a real illness is associated with less stigmatizing attitudes and better understanding of MOUD. Further study should focus on how to effectively convince communities that OUD is a real illness.
Pulmonary function is associated with fibrosis severity in patients with biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Lee Hyun Woo , Lee Dong Hyeon , Lee Jung‐Kyu , Lee Seonhwa , Koo Bo Kyung , Joo Sae Kyung , Heo Eun Young , Jung Yong Jin , Kim Won , Kim Deog Kyeom 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsThe association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and pulmonary function remains elusive because of the heterogeneous spectrum and inaccurate diagnostic methods of NAFLD, and insufficient pulmonary function data. We conducted this study to identify the association between histological severity of NAFLD and pulmonary function.MethodsThis study included patients ≥18 years old with baseline pulmonary function data between August 2014 and July 2019 within a biopsy‐evaluated prospective NAFLD cohort. Cross‐sectionally, pre‐/post‐bronchodilator spirometric data with diffusing capacity (DLCO) were compared according to histological severity of NAFLD in the various demographic and metabolic subgroups. Multivariable‐adjusted analysis revealed specific histological features associated with reduced pulmonary function.ResultsIn a total of 420 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD, pre‐/post‐bronchodilator forced vital capacities (FVCs; a percentage of the predictive value) were inversely correlated with histological severity of NAFLD. Conversely, pre‐bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/FVC was positively correlated with NAFLD severity. Post‐bronchodilator FVC (%) decreased and DLCO/alveolar volume (VA) increased linearly with worsening histological severity of NAFLD in multivariable analysis. In particular, fibrosis stage remained a significant independent predictor of decreased post‐bronchodilator FVC (%) (β‐coefficient, 4.41; 95% confidence interval [−8.39, −0.43]; P = .031) even after adjusted for clinical variables, exclusively in age <65 years, female, never‐smoker and nonchronic obstructive pulmonary disease subgroups.ConclusionsPulmonary function deteriorates with worsening histological severity of NAFLD, especially at the fibrosis stage. The common pathogenesis of reduced pulmonary function and NAFLD fibrosis progression should be further explored.
Protein interactions within and between two F‐type type IV secretion systems
Authors: Koch Birgit , Callaghan Melanie M. , Tellechea‐Luzardo Jonathan , Seeger Ami Y. , Dillard Joseph P. , Krasnogor Natalio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) can mediate conjugation. The T4SS from Neisseria gonorrhoeae possesses the unique ability to mediate DNA secretion into the extracellular environment. The N. gonorrhoeae T4SS can be grouped with F‐type conjugative T4SSs based on homology. We tested 17 proteins important for DNA secretion by N. gonorrhoeae for protein interactions. The BACTH‐TM bacterial two‐hybrid system was successfully used to study periplasmic interactions. By determining if the same interactions were observed for F‐plasmid T4SS proteins and when one interaction partner was replaced by the corresponding protein from the other T4SS, we aimed to identify features associated with the unique function of the N. gonorrhoeae T4SS as well as generic features of F‐type T4SSs. For both systems, we observed already described interactions shared by homologs from other T4SSs as well as new and described interactions between F‐type T4SS‐specific proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate, for the first‐time, interactions between proteins with homology to the conserved T4SS outer membrane core proteins and F‐type‐specific proteins and we confirmed two of them by co‐purification. The F‐type‐specific protein TraHN was found to localize to the outer membrane and the presence of significant amounts of TraHN in the outer membrane requires TraGN.
Invasive fungal diseases in patients with new diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Gründahl Marie , Wacker Beate , Einsele Hermann , Heinz Werner J. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundPatients with acute leukaemia have a high incidence of fungal infections. This has primarily been shown in acute myeloid leukaemia and is different for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Until now no benefit of mould active prophylaxis has been demonstrated in the latter population.MethodsIn this retrospective single‐centre study, we analysed the incidence, clinical relevance, and outcome of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) as well as the impact of antifungal prophylaxis for the first 100 days following the primary diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.ResultsIn 58 patients a high rate of proven, probable, and possible fungal infections could be demonstrated with a 3.4%, 8.6%, and 17.2% likelihood, respectively. The incidence might be even higher, as nearly 40% of all patients had no prolonged neutropenia for more than 10 days, excluding those from the European Organization of Research and Treatment of cancer and the Mycoses Study Group criteria for probable invasive fungal disease. The diagnosed fungal diseases had an impact on the duration of hospitalisation, which was 13 days longer for patients with proven/probable IFD compared to patients with no signs of fungal infection. Use of antifungal prophylaxis did not significantly affect the risk of fungal infection.ConclusionPatients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are at high risk of acquiring an invasive fungal disease. Appropriate criteria to define fungal infections, especially in this population, and strategies to reduce the risk of infection, including antifungal prophylaxis, need to be further evaluated.
Evaluation of a commercial Loop‐mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii
Authors: Scharmann Ulrike , Kirchhoff Lisa , Schmidt Dirk , Buer Jan , Steinmann Joerg , Rath Peter‐Michael 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundVarious tools are obtainable for the detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii, among them qPCR promising highest sensitivity. A novel molecular method is commercially available, the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay.ObjectivesWe compared the performance of the LAMP eazyplex® Pneumocystis jirovecii with the RealStar Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR 1.0 qPCR.Material/MethodsOverall, 162 lower respiratory tract specimens from 146 critically ill patients were investigated. LAMP assay and qPCR were carried out according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Positive results of the LAMP were described as time to positivity (TTP). The limit of detection (LOD) of the LAMP was analysed using 10‐fold serial dilutions of a high positive P jirovecii respiratory sample. For each serial dilution, TTP of the LAMP was plotted against cycle threshold (Ct) values of the qPCR.ResultsThe LOD of the LAMP was determined to be approximately 4 × 103 copies/mL. While the LAMP revealed 28 (17%) positive signals from 20 patients, by using qPCR 41 (25%) positive samples from 28 patients were identified. Overall agreement with qPCR was 92%. Five false‐negative, one false‐positive and nine invalid results were detected by the LAMP. Positive and negative predictive values were 96% each, and sensitivity and specificity were 84% and 99%, respectively. There was a low correlation between the TTP and the fungal load.ConclusionThe LAMP is a time‐saving and easy‐to‐perform method. It can be used as an alternative diagnostic method. However, for quantification purposes the qPCR is still the gold standard.
Halogen exposure injury in the developing lung
Authors: Addis Dylan R. , Molyvdas Adam , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Matalon Sadis , Jilling Tamas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOwing to a high‐volume industrial usage of the halogens chlorine (Cl2) and bromine (Br2), they are stored and transported in abundance, creating a risk for accidental or malicious release to human populations. Despite extensive efforts to understand the mechanisms of toxicity upon halogen exposure and to develop specific treatments that could be used to treat exposed individuals or large populations, until recently, there has been little to no effort to determine whether there are specific features and or the mechanisms of halogen exposure injury in newborns or children. We established a model of neonatal halogen exposure and published our initial findings. In this review, we aim to contrast and compare the findings in neonatal mice exposed to Br2 with the findings published on adult mice exposed to Br2 and the neonatal murine models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Despite remarkable similarities across these models in overall alveolar architecture, there are distinct functional and apparent mechanistic differences that are characteristic of each model. Understanding the mechanistic and functional features that are characteristic of the injury process in neonatal mice exposed to halogens will allow us to develop countermeasures that are appropriate for, and effective in, this unique population.
Incorporation of parental phenotypic data into multi‐omic models improves prediction of yield‐related traits in hybrid rice
Authors: Xu Yang , Zhao Yue , Wang Xin , Ma Ying , Li Pengcheng , Yang Zefeng , Zhang Xuecai , Xu Chenwu , Xu Shizhong 
Published: August 2020

SummaryHybrid breeding has been shown to effectively increase rice productivity. However, identifying desirable hybrids out of numerous potential combinations is a daunting challenge. Genomic selection holds great promise for accelerating hybrid breeding by enabling early selection before phenotypes are measured. With the recent advances in multi‐omic technologies, hybrid prediction based on transcriptomic and metabolomic data has received increasing attention. However, the current omic‐based hybrid prediction has ignored parental phenotypic information, which is of fundamental importance in plant breeding. In this study, we integrated parental phenotypic information into various multi‐omic prediction models applied in hybrid breeding of rice and compared the predictabilities of 15 combinations from four sets of predictors from the parents, that is genome, transcriptome, metabolome and phenome. The predictability for each combination was evaluated using the best linear unbiased prediction and a modified fast HAT method. We found significant interactions between predictors and traits in predictability, but joint prediction with various combinations of the predictors significantly improved predictability relative to prediction of any single source omic data for each trait investigated. Incorporation of parental phenotypic data into various omic predictors increased the predictability, averagely by 13.6%, 54.5%, 19.9% and 8.3%, for grain yield, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight, respectively. Among nine models of incorporating parental traits, the AD‐All model was the most effective one. This novel strategy of incorporating parental phenotypic data into multi‐omic prediction is expected to improve hybrid breeding progress, especially with the development of high‐throughput phenotyping technologies.
Sex as a Risk Factor for Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure?–Dosimetry in Danish Outdoor Workers
Authors: Borup Helene , Mortensen Ole Steen , Grandahl Kasper 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSolar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is a known risk factor for the development of skin cancer. Heterogeneity in solar UVR exposure may explain the diversity in skin cancer incidence between men and women. This, however, has not previously been investigated in Danish outdoor workers using UVR dosimetry. The aim of this study was to evaluate sex differences in solar UVR dosimetry in Danish outdoor workers on working and leisure days. A cross‐sectional design was used to collect dosimetry data during the Danish summer season (May to September). Analysis was based on an electronic questionnaire and dosimetry data from 450 outdoor workers (88 women, 362 men). Dosimetry data were reported as standard erythema dose (SED). The daily median SED (Interquartile range) on working days was 1.6 (2.5) in men and 1.5 (2.1) in women while on leisure days it was 0.5 (1.4) in men and 0.6 (1.3) in women. Analysis by multiple linear regression did not show any association between daily median SED and sex on either working or leisure days. In conclusion, solar UVR exposure in Danish outdoor workers did not vary according to sex.
Immunogenicity of HLA‐DR1 and HLA‐A2 peptides derived from Leishmania major Gp63 in golden hamsters
Authors: Silva Larissa Pinheiro , Paciello Mauricio Oviedo , Aviz Teixeira Wéllida Patricia , Rivas Açucena Veleh , Agular Raimundo Wagner Souza , Cangussu Alex Sander Rodrigues , Barbosa Luiz Carlos Bertucci , Marchetto Reinaldo , Giunchetti Rodolfo Cordeiro , Viana Kelvinson Fernandes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and humoral and cellular immune response of three heterologous vaccines against Leishmania infantum, yet containing synthetic peptides from Leishmania major in the experimental model in hamsters.Methods and ResultsThrough bioinformatics analyses, two Leishmania major Gp63 peptides were predicted and selected for vaccine formulations. Hamsters were divided into four groups, with each group receiving doses of three vaccine formulations containing HLA‐DR1 or HLA‐A2 peptides plus MontanideTM or both associated with the adjuvant. The animals received three vaccine doses and were evaluated for toxicity after each dose, in addition to being analysed for the production of antibodies and lymphoproliferation on day 211 after the last vaccine dose. Peptides predicted in association with oily adjuvant induced a humoral response and strong lymphoproliferation to Leishmania infantum antigen‐specific stimulation.
A review on South Asian wheat blast: The present status and future perspective
Authors: Yesmin Nabila , Jenny Farhana , Abdullah Hasan M. , Hossain Motaher M. , Kader Md A. , Solomon Peter S. , Bhuiyan Md A. H. B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of wheat blast (Pyricularia oryzae, syn. Magnaporthe oryzae) in Bangladesh and India in recent times is a cause of grave concern for future wheat production in South Asian countries. In this review, we focus on the origin and pathology of P. oryzae and its current status and impact on trade of wheat in South Asia. We also consider future directions for efficient detection, monitoring, forecasting, and managing this destructive disease. Proper detection and monitoring are essential for imposing disease management strategies. Cutting‐edge tools such as geospatial modelling and remote sensing technologies based on field observation will be pivotal to efficiently contain and manage the disease. Strong quarantine regulations too are critical in preventing the pathogen movement and are also discussed within. Complementary approaches, such as the induction of systemic resistance by applying plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria or probiotic bacteria, are also considered here. This review provides a comprehensive summary on the status of wheat blast in South‐East Asia and will provide an important resource for wheat blast research in the affected areas.
Granulomatosis in fish aquaculture: a mini review
Authors: Martínez‐Lara Pablo , Martínez‐Porchas Marcel , Gollas‐Galván Teresa , Hernández‐López Jorge , Robles‐Porchas Glen R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBacterial infections represent the greatest threat for fish culture, especially those causing granulomatous processes. Although there are experimental models used to elucidate the mechanisms of pathogenicity in granulomatous processes, most of these aimed to understand the infection in superior vertebrates like humans; therefore, there is still an urgent need to expand the number of infection models focused on aquaculture. Granulomatous infections are difficult to detect in early stages due to the lack of clinical signs and because these clinical signs have a great similarity to those generated by other pathogenic bacteria. Besides, there is no evidence or reports of granulomatous co‐infections in aquaculture environments which is a plausible scenario either in culture systems or in the wild environment; co‐infections could interfere with a correct diagnosis of any granulomatous disease, as reported for granulomatous infections in terrestrial species. This revision aims to highlight the state of the art in the knowledge of pathogenic bacteria associated with granulomatosis in fish aquaculture as well as analysing this information.
Mitoepigenetics: Methylation of mitochondrial DNA is strand‐biased in bovine oocytes and embryos
Authors: de Lima Camila Bruna , Sirard Marc‐André 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlobal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation has been recently described in bovine and showed particular signatures in both gametes and embryos. Here, we investigated the distribution of mtDNA methylation through strand‐specific mapping of methylation sites to gain perspective on how epigenetic mechanisms can be involved in mitochondrial function. We demonstrate that in both oocytes and embryos, the frequency of methylation is biased towards the light strand (L‐strand), particularly in the gene bodies and in the region containing the L‐strand promoter (LSP). Methylation is not restricted to CpG nucleotides and is not symmetrical on both strands. This configuration reinforces the hypothesis of a specific epigenetic regulation of mtDNA, which is an important observation for the understanding of how mitochondrial function is regulated.
Stable blow‐up dynamics in the ‐critical and ‐supercritical generalized Hartree equation
Authors: Yang Kai , Roudenko Svetlana , Zhao Yanxiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study stable blow‐up dynamics in the generalized Hartree equation with radial symmetry, which is a Schrödinger‐type equation with a nonlocal, convolution‐type nonlinearity:
urn:x-wiley:00222526:media:sapm12328:sapm12328-math-0003First, we consider the ‐critical case in dimensions and obtain that a generic blow‐up has a self‐similar structure and exhibits not only the square root blowup rate , but also the log‐log correction (via asymptotic analysis and functional fitting), thus, behaving similarly to the stable blow‐up regime in the ‐critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In this setting, we also study blow‐up profiles and show that generic blow‐up solutions converge to the rescaled , a ground state solution of the elliptic equation .We also consider the ‐supercritical case in dimensions . We derive the profile equation for the self‐similar blow‐up and establish the existence and local uniqueness of its solutions. As in the NLS ‐supercritical regime, the profile equation exhibits branches of nonoscillating, polynomially decaying (multi‐bump) solutions. A numerical scheme of putting constraints into solving the corresponding ordinary differential equation is applied during the process of finding the multi‐bump solutions. Direct numerical simulation of solutions to the generalized Hartree equation by the dynamic rescaling method indicates that the is the profile for the stable blow‐up. In this supercritical case, we obtain the blow‐up rate without any correction. This blow‐up happens at the focusing level , and thus, numerically observable (unlike the ‐critical case). In summary, we find that the results are similar to the behavior of stable self‐similar blowup solutions in the corresponding settings for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Consequently, one may expect that the form of the nonlinearity in the Schrödinger‐type equations is not essential in the stable formation of singularities.
Quasi‐stability and upper semicontinuity for coupled parabolic equations with memory
Authors: Aouadi Moncef 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis current study deals with the long‐time dynamics of a nonlinear system of coupled parabolic equations with memory. The system describes the thermodiffusion phenomenon where the fluxes of mass diffusion and heat depend on the past history of the chemical potential and the temperature gradients, respectively, according to Gurtin‐Pipkin's law. Inspired by the works of Chueshov and Lasiecka on the property of quasi‐stability of dynamic systems, we prove this property for the problem considered in this study. This property allows us to analyze certain properties of global and exponential attractors in a more efficient and practical way. This approach is applied for the first time for coupled parabolic equations. We analyze the continuity of global attractors with respect to a pair of parameters in a residual dense set and their upper semicontinuity in a complete metric space. Finally, we analyze the upper semicontinuity of global attractors with respect to small perturbations of the damping terms.