bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trigonelline Demonstrated Ameliorative Effects in Dexamethasone
Induced Osteoporotic Rats
Authors: Rathi Akshoo , Ishaq Mohd , Najmi Abul Kalam , Akhtar Mohd 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aim Trigonelline is a potent phytochemical present in fenugreek,
which has strong anti-oxidant and phytoestrogenic activities. This study was
carried out to investigate this estrogenic activity as a possible mechanisms
involved in preventing the symptoms of osteoporosis in dexamethasone induced
osteoporosis in rats.
Materials and Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight
groups, six animals in each group. Osteoporosis was induced using
dexamethasone 0.1mg/kg subcutaneously in rats for three times per
week for 8 consecutive weeks and treatment with drugs up to 12 weeks as per
the treatment schedule described. After 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed;
blood samples were collected from each rat and the clear, non hemolysed
supernatant sera was used for biochemical examinations. Femurs were used for
Bone Mineral Density (BMD), microcomputed tomography (Micro CT), histology
and biochemical examinations.
Results BMD, bone micro structure, serum calcium, phosphorus level
and serum estradiol levels were decreased while serum PTH levels, SAP and
acid phosphatase (ACP) were elevated in dexamethasone treated rats as
compared to control (p<0.01). Dexmethasone treated animals showed
loss of marrow at multifocal area, cartilage and trabeculae and thinning of
trabeculae (bone resorption), zone of cartilage was poorly seen and fat
cells in marrow. Trigonelline showed significant improvement and prevent the
progression of osteoporosis by enhancing the BMD, restoring bone
physiology.
Conclusion Our results confirm the estrogenic activity of
triogonelline, which is responsible for its effects; still, it needs further
evaluation in other animal models to provide a more conclusive view for its
therapeutic usefulness in osteoporosis.
Percutaneous Management of Inferior Thyroid Artery Pseudoaneurysm Developed after Central Line Placement in a Cirrhotic Patient
Authors: Gorsi Ujjwal , Babu Suresh , Jugpal Tejeshwar Singh , Bhatia Vikas , Taneja Sunil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIatrogenic arterial injury is a life-threatening complication of central venous catheterization. We report a rare case of percutaneous ultrasound-guided occlusion of inferior thyroid artery pseudoaneurysm that developed after attempted internal jugular vein cannulation in a cirrhotic patient.
Congenital Symmastia: A Four-Step, Minimally Invasive Approach
Authors: Jain Neha , Thambiran Uthraa , Jain Leena , Prakash Siddharth , Purohit Shrirang , Kumta Samir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSymmastia is a rare condition in which breasts are unified medially due to aberrant development of mammary tissue in the intermammary region, resulting in the appearance of an intermammary web. There are limited reports on this rare anomaly and hence, no standard protocols on its management. Additionally, creating a normal cleavage in these young patients without scars over or around the breast is a challenge from an esthetic standpoint. In this article, we present a case of congenital symmastia corrected by four steps: liposuction of the intermammary region, use of suction drains along medial breast border, transdermal bolster sutures, and customized compression garment. Esthetic creation of the medial breast footprint and good preservation of breast contours was achieved with considerably less scars. Thus, we propose our four-step approach as an effective, minimally invasive method for treating congenital symmastia.
The Diversity–Innovation Paradox in Science
Authors: Hofstra Bas , Kulkarni Vivek V. , Munoz-Najar Galvez Sebastian , He Bryan , Jurafsky Dan , McFarland Daniel A. 
Published: April 2020

Significance
By analyzing data from nearly all US PhD recipients and their dissertations across three decades, this paper finds demographically underrepresented students innovate at higher rates than majority students, but their novel contributions are discounted and less likely to earn them academic positions. The discounting of minorities’ innovations may partly explain their underrepresentation in influential positions of academia.
Holographic virtual staining of individual biological cells
Authors: Nygate Yoav N. , Levi Mattan , Mirsky Simcha K. , Turko Nir A. , Rubin Moran , Barnea Itay , Dardikman-Yoffe Gili , Haifler Miki , Shalev Alon , Shaked Natan T. 
Published: April 2020

Significance
We present a method for virtual staining for morphological analysis of individual biological cells based on stain-free digital holography, allowing clinicians and biologists to visualize and analyze the cells as if they have been chemically stained. Our approach provides numerous advantages, as it 1) circumvents the possible toxicity of staining materials, 2) saves time and resources, 3) optimizes inter- and intralab variability, 4) allows concurrent staining of different types of cells with multiple virtual stains, and 5) provides ideal conditions for real-time analysis, such as rapid stain-free imaging flow cytometry. The proposed method is shown to be accurate, repeatable, and nonsubjective. Hence, it bears great potential to become a common tool in clinical settings and biological research.
Human responses to climate and ecosystem change in ancient Arabia
Authors: Petraglia Michael D. , Groucutt Huw S. , Guagnin Maria , Breeze Paul S. , Boivin Nicole 
Published: April 2020

SignificanceOver the last 12,000 y, humans have faced a variety of challenges from climatic variability, either leading to a wide range of technological, economic and cultural responses, or societal collapse. In southeastern Arabia, ancient droughts appear to have corresponded with the decline of inland occupations and population movements to resource-rich areas on the coast, with transformative societal effects. Data from northern Arabia suggest that Holocene populations responded to environmental challenges through high mobility, managing water sources, and transforming their economies. Though more interdisciplinary archaeological data remain to be gathered from Arabia, these examples illustrate diverse strategies to resilience and provide important lessons for a world in which climate predictions forecast dramatic changes in temperature and precipitation.
Liquid racism in the Greek anti-racist campaign#StopMindBorders
Authors: Tsakona Villy , Karachaliou Rania , Archakis Argiris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examines the opaque reproduction of racism in an online, anti-racist campaign officially aiming to denounce hate speech and challenge widespread stereotypes concerning migrants. In particular, we investigate the video clips of the#StopMindBorderscampaign launched by the Greek branch of the International Organization for Migration. We specifically concentrate on theliquid racismattested in these video clips, namely a highly ambivalent form of racism encouraged in the mass media and usually hard to detect, as it involves multiple interpretations, some of which may not be assessed as racist (Weaver 2016). The multimodal critical analysis of the representation of migrants reveals that these video clips tacitly promote migrants’ linguocultural assimilation as a prerequisite for their acceptance in the host country. In this sense, although the anti-racist campaign under scrutiny attempts to refute discourses of aggression and mainstream stereotypes against migrants, it ends up naturalizing hate speech and reproducing assimilative and monoculturalist ideologies.
The Pluperfect and its discourse potential in contrast
Authors: Becker Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper intends to compare the functions of the Pluperfect in discourse from a comparative perspective, taking
into account the use of this particular tense form in three different Romance languages, namely French, Italian and Spanish. In
particular, it tries to elucidate in what way the Pluperfect contributes to the building and structuring of discourse segments or,
to put it differently, how it helps to create coherent units of discourse and interacts with other units on a more comprehensive
structural level. The analysis also focuses on the interplay of the Pluperfect with competing past tense forms, the perfective
Simple Past and the Perfect. The account put forward in this article tries to present a unified analysis by resorting to the
tense-in-discourse framework developed by Becker & Egetenmeyer (2018).
Optical properties of PMMA inverse opal structures with anisotropic geometries by stretching
Authors: Jiang Jingwen , Li Caixia , Zhu Shuangqi , Chen Zhe , Fu Ming , He Dawei , Wang Yongsheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The fabrication of three-dimensional periodic microstructures with strong anisotropic geometries is important for nanophotonic devices including photonic crystals and hyperbolic metamaterials. In this study, a simple method using self-organizing colloidal inverse opals of PMMA with directional tensile deformation by stretching was successfully constructed in the temperature range 100 °C–115 °C. Reflection spectroscopy was used for investigating the photonic bandgap of the PMMA inverse opal with anisotropic geometries in anisotropic different extents. The wavelengths of the photonic band gap were related to both the length of the pores in long-axis and short-axis of pores of the inverse opals. The wavelength changes of the photonic band gap significantly affected by the length variation in the short-axis. The anisotropic optical properties were also observed when Ag and Pt were deposited onto the top surface or conformally coated onto the interior interfaces of the anisotropic inverse opals. The structures with higher anisotropic ratios showed stronger variations in the wavelengths of the reflection valleys according to the surface plasmonic polarizations and cut-off frequencies with varying polarization angles of incident light. Moreover, the PMMA inverse opals conformally coated with metals presented indefinite dielectric properties in the visible or near-infrared wavelength region.
Predicting drug properties with parameter-free machine learning: pareto-optimal embedded modeling (POEM)
Authors: Brereton Andrew E , MacKinnon Stephen , Safikhani Zhaleh , Reeves Shawn , Alwash Sana , Shahani Vijay , Windemuth Andreas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of small molecules from their molecular structure is a central problem in medicinal chemistry with great practical importance in drug discovery. Creating predictive models conventionally requires substantial trial-and-error for the selection of molecular representations, machine learning (ML) algorithms, and hyperparameter tuning. A generally applicable method that performs well on all datasets without tuning would be of great value but is currently lacking. Here, we describe pareto-optimal embedded modeling (POEM), a similarity-based method for predicting molecular properties. POEM is a non-parametric, supervised ML algorithm developed to generate reliable predictive models without need for optimization. POEM’s predictive strength is obtained by combining multiple different representations of molecular structures in a context-specific manner, while maintaining low dimensionality. We benchmark POEM relative to industry-standard ML algorithms and published results across 17 classifications tasks. POEM performs well in all cases and reduces the risk of overfitting.
COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Protecting Worker Health and the Response of the Italian Industrial Hygienists Association
Authors: Spinazzè Andrea , Cattaneo Andrea , Cavallo Domenico M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The number of people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), i.e. the virus causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is dramatically increasing worldwide to the size of a pandemic. At the time of writing Italy is ranking first among countries both in terms of number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and in terms of number of deaths. Such a wide spread of COVID-19 has led to concern among workers who are facing the risk of becoming infected during the execution of their duties. We believe it is useful to remark on the need for professional expertise in the field of Occupational Hygiene in this emergency context, in which the indications provided by national and international bodies, the available scientific literature and the legal provisions are constantly and rapidly evolving. It is of fundamental importance that there is an effective analysis of expert inputs, to provide essential guidance to Health, Safety and Environmental managers and other prevention managers in workplaces. In this regard, not only a constant update of the regulatory framework is needed, but also a development and circulation of operational guidance to all the stakeholders to translate general indications into clear operating procedures and implementation tools to be adopted in the workplaces. We believe that the scientific associations in the field of Occupational Hygiene play a crucial role in guiding and assisting prevention professionals. There is considerable expertise in the occupational hygiene and exposure science communities that can help employers and workers to contain and delay the spread of COVID-19. For this reason, the Italian Association of Industrial Hygienists (AIDII—Associazione Italiana degli Igienisti Industriali) published documents containing operational guidelines to provide correct and constantly updated information for: (i) workers employed in essential activities (with low and medium risk of contagion), (ii) health workers and other workers at high or very high risk of contagion, and (iii) for the correct use and handling of personal protective equipment for workers and for the population in general. It is worth pointing out that the documents produced are not intended to replace those produced by authoritative bodies, but to comply with and complete them by reporting an effective summary and further indications about the measures that should be taken in practice under the light of the Italian legislation. At present, the challenge is to produce scientifically sound knowledge, appropriate tools, and effective methodologies, by coordinating the initiatives of different scientific associations, with the final aim to effectively transfer them to employers and workers.
Growing up aspen: ontogeny and trade-offs shape growth, defence and reproduction in a foundation species
Authors: Cole Christopher T , Morrow Clay J , Barker Hilary L , Rubert-Nason Kennedy F , Riehl Jennifer F L , Köllner Tobias G , Lackus Nathalie D , Lindroth Richard L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsIntraspecific variation in foundation species of forest ecosystems can shape community and ecosystem properties, particularly when that variation has a genetic basis. Traits mediating interactions with other species are predicted by simple allocation models to follow ontogenetic patterns that are rarely studied in trees. The aim of this research was to identify the roles of genotype, ontogeny and genotypic trade-offs shaping growth, defence and reproduction in aspen.MethodsWe established a common garden replicating &gt;500 aspen genets in Wisconsin, USA. Trees were measured through the juvenile period into the onset of reproduction, for growth, defence chemistry (phenolic glycosides and condensed tannins), nitrogen, extrafloral nectaries, leaf morphology (specific leaf area), flower production and foliar herbivory and disease. We also assayed the TOZ19 sex marker and heterozygosity at ten microsatellite loci.Key ResultsWe found high levels of genotypic variation for all traits, and high heritabilities for both the traits and their ontogenetic trajectories. Ontogeny strongly shaped intraspecific variation, and trade-offs among growth, defence and reproduction supported some predictions while contradicting others. Both direct resistance (chemical defence) and indirect defence (extrafloral nectaries) declined during the juvenile stage, prior to the onset of reproduction. Reproduction was higher in trees that were larger, male and had higher individual heterozygosity. Growth was diminished by genotypic allocation to both direct and indirect defence as well as to reproduction, but we found no evidence of trade-offs between defence and reproduction.ConclusionsKey traits affecting the ecological communities of aspen have high levels of genotypic variation and heritability, strong patterns of ontogeny and clear trade-offs among growth, defence and reproduction. The architecture of aspen’s community genetics – its ontogeny, trade-offs and especially its great variability – is shaped by both its broad range and the diverse community of associates, and in turn further fosters that diversity.
Characteristics of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort
Authors: Bauer Christina M , Zhang Xian , Long Millie D , Sandler Robert S 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing interest in the role of gut bacteria in a number of diseases and an emerging hypothesis that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is triggered by microbial dysbiosis in genetically susceptible individuals. Currently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is utilized for the treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. Data on the efficacy of FMT for IBD are mixed, but patients are interested in its use for the treatment of IBD. We sought to describe the use of FMT (self or medical professional administered) in individuals with IBD using IBD Partners, an Internet-based cohort.MethodsPatients enrolled in the IBD Partners cohort were offered the opportunity to complete an optional survey on the use of FMT between January 2017 to September 2018 (n = 5430). A cross-sectional analysis was performed within patients who completed the survey and did not have a pouch or ostomy. Patients’ demographic characteristics, disease activity and phenotype, mode of FMT delivery, and patient-reported efficacy were compared.ResultsAmong 3274 eligible patients, 51 (1.6%) responded that they had an FMT in the past. Of patients undergoing FMT, 22 patients had the FMT for C. difficile while 29 reported that the FMT was for another indication. Most patients receiving FMT for an indication other than C. difficile had ulcerative colitis/indeterminate colitis (25, 86.2%). Colonoscopy (68.2%) and nasogastric tube (18.2%) were the most common routes of administration for patients receiving FMT for C. difficile colitis. Self-administration (72.4%) and enemas (17.2%) were the most common routes of administration in patients receiving FMT for an alternate indication. Patients reporting FMT for an indication other than C. difficile were less likely to have a physician directing their FMT treatment (20.6%) as compared to patients receiving FMT for C. difficile (86.3%). Patient-reported efficacy was lower for FMT given for a non-C. difficile indication.ConclusionsPatients undergoing FMT for an indication other than C. difficile infection were more likely to have ulcerative colitis, self-administer FMT, and were less likely to be receiving FMT under the guidance of a medical professional. FMT was not as effective for symptoms when given for a non-C. difficile indication. Patients should be counseled on potential harms and lack of proven benefit associated with FMT for IBD indications to try to discourage self-administered FMT without proper medical oversite.
Artifact-free whole-slide imaging with structured illumination microscopy and Bayesian image reconstruction
Authors: Johnson Karl A , Hagen Guy M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a method that can be used to image biological samples and can achieve both optical sectioning and super-resolution effects. Optimization of the imaging set-up and data-processing methods results in high-quality images without artifacts due to mosaicking or due to the use of SIM methods. Reconstruction methods based on Bayesian estimation can be used to produce images with a resolution beyond that dictated by the optical system.

Findings
Five complete datasets are presented including large panoramic SIM images of human tissues in pathophysiological conditions. Cancers of the prostate, skin, ovary, and breast, as well as tuberculosis of the lung, were imaged using SIM. The samples are available commercially and are standard histological preparations stained with hematoxylin-eosin.

Conclusion
The use of fluorescence microscopy is increasing in histopathology. There is a need for methods that reduce artifacts caused by the use of image-stitching methods or optical sectioning methods such as SIM. Stitched SIM images produce results that may be useful for intraoperative histology. Releasing high-quality, full-slide images and related data will aid researchers in furthering the field of fluorescent histopathology.
The Holocaust in Hungary: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Braham Randolph L , Hanebrink Paul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Randolph L. Braham, the authority on the Holocaust in Hungary, spoke out forcefully against the historical revisionism of the Fidesz government in Hungary. Historians and publicists close to that leadership equate the occupation of Hungary by its World War II German ally with its occupation by the Red Army and subsequent decades of Soviet domination. Implying that the Hungarian people suffered at the hands of the Germans just as did the Jews, these writers set forth a nationalist narrative that casts Hungary as a victimized “Christian” nation. Braham submitted this synthetic article shortly before he died in 2018. An introduction by Paul Hanebrink sets Braham’s work in its biographical, political, and historical contexts.
Post-Caesarean section niche-related impaired fertility: hypothetical mechanisms
Authors: Vissers Jolijn , Hehenkamp Wouter , Lambalk Cornelis Bavo , Huirne Judith Anna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Caesarean section can result in an indentation of the myometrium at the site of the Caesarean scar, called a niche. Niches can cause symptoms of abnormal uterine blood loss, dysmenorrhoea, chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia and are possibly related to subfertility. Various other explanations for the cause of subfertility after Caesarean section have been proposed in the literature, such as uterine pathology, intra-abdominal adhesions and women’s reproductive choices. Not all niches cause symptoms and the relation with subfertility and a niche in the uterine scar still needs further study since direct evidence is lacking so far. Based on the limited available evidence, and in combination with observations made during sonographic hysteroscopic evaluations and laparoscopic niche repair, we propose and discuss three hypothetical mechanisms: (i) the environment for sperm penetration and implantation may be detrimental; (ii) there could be a physical barrier to embryo transfer and implantation; and (iii) psychogenic factors may reduce the likelihood of pregnancy. Several innovative surgical treatments have been developed and are being implemented for niche-related problems. Promising results are reported, but more evidence is needed before further implementation in daily practice. The additional value of niche resections should be compared to expectant management or fertility therapies, such as ART, in randomized controlled trials. Therefore, our suggested hypotheses should, for the time being, not be used for justification of any specific procedures outside clinical trials.