bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield reduction historically associated with the Aegilops ventricosa 7DV introgression is genetically and physically distinct from the eyespot resistance gene Pch1
Authors: Pasquariello Marianna , Berry Simon , Burt Christopher , Uauy Cristobal , Nicholson Paul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Key message
Yield penalty and increased grain protein content traits associated with Aegilops ventricosa 7D introgression have been mapped for the first time, and they are physically distinct from the eyespot resistance locus Pch1.

Abstract
Wheat wild relatives represent an important source of genetic variation, but introgression of agronomically relevant genes, such as for disease resistance, may lead to the simultaneous introduction of genetically linked deleterious traits. Pch1 is a dominant gene, conferring resistance to eyespot and was introgressed to wheat from Aegilops ventricosa as part of a large segment of the 7DV chromosome. This introgression has been associated with a significant yield reduction and a concomitant increase in grain protein content. In this study, we evaluated both traits and their relationship to the location of the Pch1 gene. We found that both QTLs were clearly distinct from the Pch1 gene, being located on a different linkage group to Pch1. In addition, we found that the QTL for increased grain protein content was strong and consistent across field trials, whereas the yield penalty QTL was unstable and environmentally dependent. The yield and grain protein content QTLs were genetically linked and located in the same linkage group. This finding is due in part to the small size of the population, and to the restricted recombination between wheat 7D and Ae. ventricosa 7Dv chromosomes. Although recombination in this interval is rare, it does occur. A recombinant line containing Pch1 and 7D_KASP6, the marker associated with increase in grain protein content, but not Xwmc221, the marker associated with the yield penalty effect, was identified.
Advanced threat intelligence: detection and classification of anomalous behavior in system processes
Authors: Luh Robert , Schrittwieser Sebastian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the advent of Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), it has become increasingly difficult to identify and understand attacks on computer systems. This paper presents a system capable of explaining anomalous behavior within network-enabled user sessions by describing and interpreting kernel event anomalies detected by their deviation from normal behavior.The prototype has been developed at the Josef Ressel Center for Unified Threat Intelligence on Targeted Attacks (TARGET) at St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences.
Acquired factor XIII deficiency in two patients with bleeding events during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment
Authors: Ito Asami , Iwashita Yoshiaki , Esumi Ryo , Sasaki Ken , Yukimitsu Masahiro , Kato Takafumi , Kawamoto Eiji , Suzuki Kei , Imai Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report two cases of acquired factor XIII deficiency with bleeding events during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Case 1: A 76-year-old man diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia after near-drowning was started on ECMO. Later, the patient presented with hemoptysis and anemia. Blood tests showed a decreased factor XIII activity of 29%. Although the patient recovered after receiving 1200 International Units of factor XIII concentrate, the patient had another episode of decreased factor XIII activity and bloody stool and was treated again with factor XIII concentrate. Case 2: A 48-year-old female diagnosed with pneumonia was started on ECMO. Soon after, she presented with hemoptysis and anemia. Blood tests showed a decreased factor XIII activity of 39%. The patient was treated with 720 IU of factor XIII concentrate with good recovery. Acquired factor XIII deficiency cannot be detected by routine coagulation tests, therefore it may be under-diagnosed in the ICU. Detection of acquired factor XIII deficiency is essential when treating a bleeding ECMO patient.
Transcriptome analysis of the dimorphic transition induced by pH change and lipid biosynthesis in Trichosporon cutaneum
Authors: Wang Ya , Tang Li Juan , Peng Xuan , Zhang Zhi Bin , Yang Hui Lin , Yan Ri Ming , Zhu Du 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Trichosporon cutaneum, a dimorphic oleaginous yeast, has immense biotechnological potential, which can use lignocellulose hydrolysates to accumulate lipids. Our preliminary studies on its dimorphic transition suggested that pH can significantly induce its morphogenesis. However, researches on dimorphic transition correlating with lipid biosynthesis in oleaginous yeasts are still limited. In this study, the unicellular yeast cells induced under pH 6.0–7.0 shake flask cultures resulted in 54.32% lipid content and 21.75 g/L dry cell weight (DCW), so lipid production was over threefold than that in hypha cells induced by acidic condition (pH 3.0–4.0). Furthermore, in bioreactor batch cultivation, the DCW and lipid content in unicellular yeast cells can reach 21.94 g/L and 58.72%, respectively, both of which were also more than twofold than that in hypha cells. Moreover, the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malic enzyme (MAE), isocitrate lyase (ICL) and ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in unicellular cells were all higher than in the hyphal cells. In the meanwhile, the transcriptome data showed that the genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism and encoded Rim101 and cAMP–PKA signaling transduction pathways were significantly up-regulated in unicellular cells, which may play an important role in enhancing the lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our results provided insightful information focused on the molecular mechanism of dimorphic transition and process optimization for enhancing lipid accumulation in T. cutaneum.
Team Ethical Cultures Within an Organization: A Differentiation Perspective on Their Existence and Relevance
Authors: Cabana Guillem C. , Kaptein Muel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudies on the ethical culture of organizations have mainly focused on ethical culture at the organizational level. This study explores ethical culture at the team level because this can add a more detailed understanding of the ethics of an organization, which is necessary for more customized and effective management interventions. To find out whether various teams within an organization can have different ethical cultures, we employ the differentiation perspective and conduct a survey of 180 teams from one organization. The results show that there are significant differences between the ethical cultures of teams. These differences are relevant given the different relationships that were established between high and low clusters of team ethical culture and two outcome variables (i.e., the frequency of unethical behavior and employee responses to unethical behavior). The results also show that the dimensions of ethical cultures among teams have different patterns, which indicates the usefulness of using a multidimensional scale for capturing further differences among team ethical cultures.
How to Tell If Animals Can Understand Death
Authors: Monsó Susana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is generally assumed that humans are the only animals who can possess a concept of death. However, the ubiquity of death in nature and the evolutionary advantages that would come with an understanding of death provide two prima facie reasons for doubting this assumption. In this paper, my intention is not to defend that animals of this or that nonhuman species possess a concept of death, but rather to examine how we could go about empirically determining whether animals can have a concept of death. In order to answer this question, I begin by sketching an account of concept possession that favours intensional classification rather than mere extensional discrimination. Further, I argue that the concept of death should be construed as neither binary nor universal. I then present a proposal for a set of minimal conditions that must be met to have a concept of death. I argue that having a minimal understanding of death entails first expecting a dead individual to be alive, and then grasping its non-functionality and irreversibility. Lastly, I lay out the sort of observational and experimental evidence that we should look for to determine whether animals have the capacity for a minimal comprehension of death.
Horizontal and Vertical Geotechnical Variations of Soils According to USCS Classification for the City of An-Najaf, Iraq Using GIS
Authors: Al-Mamoori Sohaib Kareem , Jasem Al-Maliki Laheab A. , Al-Sulttani Ahmed H. , El-Tawil Khaled , Hussain Hussain M. , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe unified soil classification system (USCS) first proposed by Casagrande and subsequently developed by the Army Corps of Engineers. It widely used in many building codes and books. An-Najaf city is the most important city in Iraq due to its religious and spiritual value in the Muslim world, so it is fast expanding and continuous developing city in Iraq. The data from 464 boreholes in the study area for depths of 0–26 m have been used. 13 Soil samples were collected from each borehole with 13 depths level (0–26) m with 2 m intervals. The USCS was applied to the soil samples from 13 depth levels borehole. This research aims to create a geodatabase for soil properties for An-Najaf. The ArcGIS 10.5 software was used to interpolate the spatial data to produce 33 geotechnical maps for fine soil, coarse soil and USCS for 13 depth levels. For numerical soil data, Ordinary Kriging has been used for interpolation mapping of Fine and Coarse percentage data for each depth. For non-numerical (nominal) soil data (USCS class), the Indicator Kriging method is used. The results show that the coarse soil occupied 85–95% for depth 0–16 m and consist of (SP, SP-SM, SM) while fine soil occupied 5–15% consisting of (OL, CH, ML) subsequently, this soil when compacted has a permeability of pervious to semi impervious, good shearing strength, low to very low compressibility and acceptable workability as a construction material. The results also show that after 16 m depths until 26 m, the fine soil percentage increased to 40% with a coarse soil percentage of 60%, indicating changes in soil characteristics as the permeability became semi-pervious to impervious, fair shearing strength, medium compressibility and fair workability as a construction material. The study results will provide help and saving time, efforts and money in preliminary engineering designs.
China ‘goes out’ in a centre–periphery world: Incentivizing international publications in the humanities and social sciences
Authors: Xu Xin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe current expansion of English language publishing by scholars from China is supported by national and university policies, including monetary and career incentives to publish in English. These incentives, which extend to work in the humanities and social sciences (HSS, the focus of this paper) as well as the sciences and technologies, are situated in evolving strategies of internationalization. China has moved from an internationalization strategy simply based on learning from the West, to a ‘going out’ strategy designed to both lift domestic research capacity and advance China’s influence in the world. However, the ‘going out’ strategy nonetheless embodies ambiguities and dilemmas. The world of academic knowledge is not a level playing field but more closely approximates the centre–periphery dynamic described in world systems theory. This study explores the influence of publication incentives in the context of a centre–periphery world. It draws on analysis of 172 institutional incentive documents and interviews with 75 HSS academics, university senior administrators, and journal editors. The study identifies practices within China’s HSS that reproduce centre–periphery relationships. By focusing on international publications, Chinese universities run the risk of downplaying Chinese-language publications and adopting standards and norms from global centres to assess domestic knowledge production. These could result in creating knowledge from and about China primarily in Western terms without adding a distinctive Chinese strand to the global conversation. Nonetheless, the study also identifies alternative dynamics that challenge the existing power hierarchies in global HSS, highlighting indigenous knowledge and the need to pluralize global knowledge production.
Cross-visiting Behaviour of Online Consumers Across Retailers’ and Comparison Sites, a Macro-Study
Authors: Karimi Sahar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtant academic research provides a comprehensive view of online consumer behaviour on a single website, paying less attention to the integrated environment in which websites operate. Retailers’ products, however, are not only available on their own website, but also through other connected channels such as comparison sites. Our limited knowledge of consumers’ integrated behaviour across the entire market poses difficulties to design effective online strategies. At the same time, practitioners have mainly focused on website performance measures, ignoring the reasons behind the behaviour of consumers. A deeper understanding of consumers who visit different websites or, cross-visit, can inform successful online channel strategies. This macro-level study aims to bridge this gap by investigating how the usage behaviour on retailers’ websites and comparison sites influences each other, using large-scale industry-based data. A new measure of ‘cross-visiting’ behaviour is introduced and examined.
Numerical study of mixing and heat transfer of SRF particles in a bubbling fluidized bed
Authors: Alagha Mohamed Sobhi , Szucs Botond , Szentannai Pal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, numerical investigations on mixing and heat transfer of solid refused fuel (SRF) particles in a bubbling fluidized bed are carried out. The numerical model is based on the Eulerian–Eulerian approach with empirical submodels representing gas–solid and solid–solid interactions. The model is verified by experimental data from the literature. The experimental data include SRF vertical distribution in SRF–sand mixtures of different sand particle sizes ($$d_{\mathrm{pm}} = 654,810$$

d
pm

=
654
,
810

and 1110 $$\upmu$$
μ
m) at different fluidization velocities ($$u/u_{\mathrm{mf}} = 1.2$$

u
/

u
mf

=
1.2

–2.0). We proposed magnification of drag force exerted by the gas on SRF particles based on Haider and Levenspiel (Powder Technol 58(1):63–70, 1989) drag coefficient. The proposed model shows good agreement with the experimental data at high fluidization velocities ( $$u/u_{\mathrm{mf}} = 1.5$$

u
/

u
mf

=
1.5

–2.0) and poor predictions at low fluidization velocities ($$u/u_{\mathrm{mf}} = 1.2$$

u
/

u
mf

=
1.2

–1.5). Heat transfer results showed that the present model is valid and gives good agreement with the experimental data of wall–bed heat transfer coefficient.
The advisory role of non-family board members: a case-based study of a family firm
Authors: Sievinen Hanna Maria , Ikäheimonen Tuuli , Pihkala Timo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe objective of this case-based study is to provide insights into the advisory role of non-family board members in a family firm attempting strategic renewal. By studying the non-family board members of a family firm in a Nordic country, we suggest that non-family board members’ advisory role evolves in a dynamic way. We show at the micro-level how the role, content, intensity, and locus of advice change and how it can be both inertia- and stress-inducing. This facilitates the renewal and hence a firm’s capacity to improve its alignment with changing external demands. We highlight the collaborative nature of the advisory role and the importance of the non-family member chair in ensuring effective board processes. Through our research we contribute to the understanding on the contextual nature of the board roles and tasks and on family firm renewals. We provide insights into how the family firm owners and the chair of the board can enhance the prospects that the non-family board members create value through their advisory role.
Test–retest repeatability of the NX-16: a three-dimensional (3D) body scanner in a male cohort
Authors: Gleadall-Siddall Damien Oliver , Turpin Richard Lincoln , Douglas Caroline Clare , Ingle Lee , Garrett Andrew Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeWhole-body three-dimensional scanning is a tool utilised for the collection of body girths, volume, and surface area measurements. Few studies have investigated the validity and repeatability of this technology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the test retest variability of the NX-16 body scanner (NX-16, TC2, Cary, North Carolina, USA).MethodsPhase one involved the measurement of a mannequin on 300 occasions (30 scans over 10 sessions). In phase two, 13 apparently healthy male participants were recruited; each participant was scanned a total of four times (two scans over two sessions). Stature, body mass, and body fat % were obtained. Fourteen girth measurements were obtained (chest, underbust, stomach, waist, seat, hip, R/L bicep, R/L thigh, R/L mid-thigh, and R/L calf). Coefficient of variation was calculated for measurements obtained.ResultsCoefficient of variation for phase one ranged from 0.0% for the R calf, to 3.3% for the L thigh measurement. For phase two, values were higher, ranging from 0.5% for calf and chest to 4.6% for thigh measurements.ConclusionsTest–retest variability of the measurements provided by the NX-16 body scanner varied according to body location. However, variability within measurements was low using a mannequin or human participant. The NX-16 body scanner (TC2, Cary, North Carolina, USA) may be a useful tool for tracking changes in body composition over time during large population studies.
Tropical dendrochronology applied to invasive tree species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Xavier Carolina Nogueira , Granato-Souza Daniela , Barbosa Ana Carolina M. C. , da Silva José Reinaldo Moreira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Atlantic Forest is one of the largest and most biodiverse rainforests of South America but anthropogenic activities are drastically changing these landscapes. The invasion of alien or exotic species is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. There are few studies of invasive species in tropical Brazilian ecosystems. This research examines growth and ecological aspects ofSyzygium cuminiandClitoria fairchildiana, two invasive tree species in the Pedra Branca State Park, an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil. Both species were successfully dated, indicating an average age of 58 and 31 years, respectively. A positive relationship between growth and precipitation of the previous growing season suggests an ecological adaptive strategy, which could be facilitating their invasion into the environment. Cumulative growth diameter curves indicate slow and fast growth rates forS. cuminiandC. fairchildiana, respectively. Growth release episodes detected in the tree rings indicate increased anthropogenic disturbances over the last 50 years.
Pollinator effectiveness of a specialist bee exploiting a generalist plant—tracking pollen transfer by Heriades truncorum with quantum dots
Authors: Konzmann Sabine , Kluth Margareta , Karadana Deniz , Lunau Klaus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeriades truncorum(Megachilidae) is a specialist bee that forages on Asteraceae and collects pollen by tapping its abdomen on pollen-presenting florets which places the grains directly in the ventral scopa. We tracked pollen transfer by femaleH.truncorumbetween conspecific inflorescences ofInula ensifoliaandPulicaria dysentericaby labelling pollen with quantum dots. On average, bees transferred 31.14 (I.ensifolia) and 9.96 (P.dysenterica) pollen grains from the last visited inflorescence, 39% and 45% of which were placed on receptive styles. Pollen germination ratio is significantly lower for inflorescences ofP.dysentericavisited by oneH.truncorum(0.13%) compared with open control inflorescences (0.51%), which suggests that the bees mainly transfer self-pollen of these self-incompatible plants. Thus, a single visit byH.truncorumdoes not grant the plant high reproductive success, but the bees’ abundance and flower constancy might reduce this disadvantage.
Trialling techniques for rearing long-tongued bumblebees under laboratory conditions
Authors: Carnell Joanne D. , Page Sam , Goulson Dave , Hughes William O. H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBumblebees are important pollinating insects, but many species have suffered declines over the last century. Long-tongued bumblebees have been identified as particularly at risk, partly due to their more selective diet. Attempts to study these species in captivity have been impeded by stress-induced behaviours which cause queens to kill or abandon their brood. Here, we attempt to further develop techniques, using queen pairing and Bombus terrestris cocoons, to successfully rear two common long-tongued bumblebee species (B. pascuorum and B. hortorum) in captivity. Approximately half of queens laid eggs and 29% produced workers. Although challenges remain, there is a great deal to be gained from optimising the captive rearing of these species.
Comparative study on corrosion resistance and lubrication function of lithium complex grease and polyurea grease
Authors: Ren Guanlin , Zhang Pengfei , Ye Xiangyuan , Li Wen , Fan Xiaoqiang , Zhu Minhao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, lithium complex grease (LCG) and polyurea grease (PUG) were synthesized using mineral oil (500SN) and polyalphaolefin (PAO40) as base oil, adsorbed onto lithium complex soap and polyurea as thickeners, respectively. The effects of grease formulation (thickener and base oil with different amounts (80, 85, and 90 wt%) on the corrosion resistance and lubrication function were investigated in detail. The results have verified that the as-prepared greases have good anti-corrosion ability, ascribed to good salt-spray resistance and sealing function. Furthermore, the increase in the amount of base oil reduces the friction of the contact interface to some extent, whereas the wear resistance of these greases is not consistent with the friction reduction, because the thickener has a significant influence on the tribological property of greases, especially load-carrying capacity. PUG displays better physicochemical performance and lubrication function than LCG under the same conditions, mainly depending on the component/structure of polyurea thickener. The polyurea grease with 90 wt% PAO displays the best wear resistance owing to the synergistic lubrication of grease-film and tribochemical film, composed of Fe2O3, FeO(OH), and nitrogen oxide.
Evaluation of an Immersive Virtual Reality Safety Training Used to Teach Pedestrian Skills to Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Dixon Dennis R. , Miyake Christopher J. , Nohelty Karen , Novack Marlena N. , Granpeesheh Doreen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at an increased risk of injury, making safety skills training essential. Whether such training is conducted in the natural environment or in contrived settings is an important consideration for generalization and safety purposes. Immersive virtual reality (VR) environments may offer the advantages of both contrived and natural environment training settings, providing structure to create repeated learning opportunities in a safe and realistic analogue of the natural environment. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of an immersive VR safety skills training environment in teaching 3 children with ASD to identify whether it is safe to cross the street. After modifications to the VR training environment, all 3 participants reached mastery criteria in both VR and natural environment settings. Findings suggest that immersive VR is a promising medium for the delivery of safety skills training to individuals with ASD.