bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of dissociation on the effectiveness of psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: meta-analysis
Authors: Hoeboer C. M. , De Kleine R. A. , Molendijk M. L. , Schoorl M. , Oprel D. A. C. , Mouthaan J. , Van der Does W. , Van Minnen A. 
Published: May 2020

Background
Many patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience dissociative symptoms. The question of whether these dissociative symptoms negatively influence the effectiveness of psychotherapy for PTSD is unresolved.

Aims
To determine the influence of dissociative symptoms on psychotherapy outcome in PTSD.

Method
We conducted a systematic search in Cochrane, Embase, PILOTS, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science for relevant clinical trials. A random-effects meta-analysis examined the impact of dissociation on psychotherapy outcome in PTSD (pre-registered at Prospero CRD42018086575).

Results
Twenty-one trials (of which nine were randomised controlled trials) with 1714 patients were included. Pre-treatment dissociation was not related to treatment effectiveness in patients with PTSD (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.04, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.13). Between-study heterogeneity was high but was not explained by moderators such as trauma focus of the psychotherapy or risk of bias score. There was no indication for publication bias.

Conclusions
We found no evidence that dissociation moderates the effectiveness of psychotherapy for PTSD. The quality of some of the included studies was relatively low, emphasising the need for high-quality clinical trials in patients with PTSD. The results suggest that pre-treatment dissociation does not determine psychotherapy outcome in PTSD.
Evaluation of the Physico-mechanical Properties and Electrostatic Charging Behavior of Different Capsule Types for Inhalation Under Distinct Environmental Conditions
Authors: Pinto Joana T. , Wutscher Thomas , Stankovic-Brandl Milica , Zellnitz Sarah , Biserni Stefano , Mercandelli Alberto , Kobler Mirjam , Buttini Francesca , Andrade Laura , Daza Veronica , Ecenarro Susana , Canalejas Laura , Paudel Amrit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCapsule-based dry powder inhaler (DPI) products can be influenced by a multitude of interacting factors, including electrostatic charging. Tribo-charging is a process of charge transfer impacted by various factors, i.e., material surface characteristics, mechanical properties, processing parameters and environmental conditions. Consequently, this work aimed to assess how the charging behavior of capsules intended for inhalation might be influenced by environmental conditions. Capsules having different chemical compositions (gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)) and distinct inherent characteristics from manufacturing (thermally and cold-gelled) were exposed to various environmental conditions (11%, 22% and 51% RH). Their resulting properties were characterized and tribo-charging behavior was measured against stainless steel and PVC. It was observed that all capsule materials tended to charge to a higher extent when in contact with PVC. The tribo-charging of the thermally gelled HPMC capsules (Vcaps® Plus) was more similar to the gelatin capsules (Quali-G™-I) than to their HPMC cold-gelled counterparts (Quali-V®-I). The sorption of water by the capsules at different relative humidities notably impacted their properties and tribo-charging behavior. Different interactions between the tested materials and water molecules were identified and are proposed to be the driver of distinct charging behaviors. Finally, we showed that depending on the capsule types, distinct environmental conditions are necessary to mitigate charging and assure optimal behavior of the capsules.
Current Management and Outcome of Pregnancies in Women With Adrenal Insufficiency: Experience from a Multicenter Survey
Authors: Bothou Christina , Anand Gurpreet , Li Dingfeng , Kienitz Tina , Seejore Khyatisha , Simeoli Chiara , Ebbehoj Andreas , Ward Emma G , Paragliola Rosa Maria , Ferrigno Rosario , Badenhoop Klaus , Bensing Sophie , Oksnes Marianne , Esposito Daniela , Bergthorsdottir Ragnhildur , Drake William , Wahlberg Jeanette , Reisch Nicole , Hahner Stefanie , Pearce Simon , Trainer Peter , Etzrodt-Walter Gwendolin , Thalmann Sébastien P , Sævik Åse B , Husebye Eystein , Isidori Andrea M , Falhammar Henrik , Meyer Gesine , Corsello Salvatore M , Pivonello Rosario , Murray Robert , Bancos Irina , Quinkler Marcus , Beuschlein Felix 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Appropriate management of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in pregnancy can be challenging due to the rarity of the disease and lack of evidence-based recommendations to guide glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid dosage adjustment.

Objective
Multicenter survey on current clinical approaches in managing AI during pregnancy.

Design
Retrospective anonymized data collection from 19 international centers from 2013 to 2019.

Setting and Patients
128 pregnancies in 113 women with different causes of AI: Addison disease (44%), secondary AI (25%), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (25%), and acquired AI due to bilateral adrenalectomy (6%).

Results
Hydrocortisone (HC) was the most commonly used glucocorticoid in 83% (97/117) of pregnancies. Glucocorticoid dosage was increased at any time during pregnancy in 73/128 (57%) of cases. In these cases, the difference in the daily dose of HC equivalent between baseline and the third trimester was 8.6 ± 5.4 (range 1-30) mg. Fludrocortisone dosage was increased in fewer cases (7/54 during the first trimester, 9/64 during the second trimester, and 9/62 cases during the third trimester). Overall, an adrenal crisis was reported in 9/128 (7%) pregnancies. Cesarean section was the most frequent mode of delivery at 58% (69/118). Fetal complications were reported in 3/120 (3%) and minor maternal complications in 15/120 (13%) pregnancies without fatal outcomes.

Conclusions
This survey confirms good maternal and fetal outcome in women with AI managed in specialized endocrine centers. An emphasis on careful endocrine follow-up and repeated patient education is likely to have reduced the risk of adrenal crisis and resulted in positive outcomes.
Late-Night Salivary Cortisol in Healthy, Community-Dwelling Asian Indians Assessed by Second-Generation ECLIA
Authors: Prasad Nandini , Jabbar Puthiyaveettil Khadar , Jayakumari Chellamma , John Mathew , Haridasan Retheesh Kollerazhikathu , Surendran Nair Anish Thekkumkara , Gomez Ramesh , Das Darvin Vamadevan , Sreenath Ravindranath , George Geena Susan , Nair Abilash 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) is used as a screening test for Cushing syndrome (CS), but there is no community-derived normative data for the normal upper limit in the South Asian population. This study aimed to determine the upper limit of normal (97.5th percentile) for LNSC in an Asian Indian population using a commercially available second-generation electrochemiluminiscence immunoassay (ECLIA).

Methods
LNSC in apparently healthy community-dwelling individuals was assessed by multistage cluster sampling. Healthy individuals age 18 to 60 years from 8 urban and 8 rural clusters of Thiruvananthapuram district were studied. Thirty people from an approximate population of 1000 individuals from each cluster participated in the study. A saliva sample was collected between 11 PM and 12 midnight and analyzed using Roche COBAS-e-411 and ultrasensitive Cortisol II kits the next day.

Results
Cortisol values from 474 salivary samples were available for final analysis after exclusion of improperly collected samples. The 97.5th percentile of the LNSC concentrations was 0.25 μg/dL (6.89 nmol/L) (90% CI, 0.23-0.27 μg/dL; ie, 6.34-7.45 nmol/L). In postmenopausal women, median LNSC was significantly higher but the 90% CI for the upper limit of their LNSC (0.28μg/dL or 7.72 nmol/L) overlapped with that of premenopausal women.

Conclusions
This study establishes the normal value of LNSC estimated by second-generation ECLIA in healthy community-dwelling Asian Indian individuals for the first time. Salivary cortisol at 11 pm to 12 am is less than 0.25μg/dL (6.89 nmol/L) in the general Asian Indian population. Menopause causes a significant increase in LNSC and may lead to overdiagnosis of CS if not interpreted carefully.
Growth and Adult Height in Girls With Turner Syndrome Following IGF-1 Titrated Growth Hormone Treatment
Authors: Cleemann Wang Amanda , Hagen Casper P , Nedaeifard Leila , Juul Anders , Jensen Rikke Beck 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) suffer linear growth failure, and TS is a registered indication for growth hormone (GH) treatment. GH is classically dosed according to body weight, and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations are recommended to be kept within references according to international guidelines.

Objective
To assess the effect of long-term GH treatment in girls with TS following GH dosing by IGF-1 titration.

Design and setting
A retrospective, real-world evidence, observational study consisting of data collected in a single tertiary center from 1991 to 2018.

Patients
A cohort of 63 girls with TS treated with GH by IGF-1 titration with a median duration of 6.7 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.4-9.7 years).

Main outcome measures
Longitudinal measurements of height, IGF-1, and adult height (AH) following GH treatment were evaluated and compared between the different karyotypes (45,X, 45,X/46,XX, or miscellaneous).

Results
Using GH dose titration according to IGF-1, only 6% of girls with TS had supranormal IGF-1 levels. Median dose was 33 µg/kg/day (IQR: 28-39 µg/kg/day) with no difference between the karyotype groups. AH was reached for 73% who attained a median AH of 1.25 standard deviation score (SDS) for age specific TS references (IQR: 0.64-1.50 SDS), and a median gain in height (ΔHSDS: AH SDS minus baseline height SDS of TS references) of 0.50 SDS, equal to 3.2 cm (SD 7.68) for all karyotypes.

Conclusion
Our real-world evidence study suggested that titration of GH dose to keep IGF-1 levels within the normal range resulted in a lower AH gain than in studies where a fixed dose was used.
Dapagliflozin Does Not Directly Affect Human α or β Cells
Authors: Dai Chunhua , Walker John T , Shostak Alena , Bouchi Yasir , Poffenberger Greg , Hart Nathaniel J , Jacobson David A , Calcutt M Wade , Bottino Rita , Greiner Dale L , Shultz Leonard D , McGuinness Owen P , Dean E Danielle , Powers Alvin C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Selective inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and act primarily to lower blood glucose by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidney. However, it is controversial whether these agents also act on the pancreatic islet, specifically the α cell, to increase glucagon secretion. To determine the effects of SGLT2 on human islets, we analyzed SGLT2 expression and hormone secretion by human islets treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the human kidney, SLC5A2 transcript expression was 1600-fold lower in human islets and SGLT2 protein was not detected. In vitro, DAPA treatment had no effect on glucagon or insulin secretion by human islets at either high or low glucose concentrations. In mice bearing transplanted human islets, 1 and 4 weeks of DAPA treatment did not alter fasting blood glucose, human insulin, and total glucagon levels. Upon glucose stimulation, DAPA treatment led to lower blood glucose levels and proportionally lower human insulin levels, irrespective of treatment duration. In contrast, after glucose stimulation, total glucagon was increased after 1 week of DAPA treatment but normalized after 4 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, the human islet grafts showed no effects of DAPA treatment on hormone content, endocrine cell proliferation or apoptosis, or amyloid deposition. These data indicate that DAPA does not directly affect the human pancreatic islet, but rather suggest an indirect effect where lower blood glucose leads to reduced insulin secretion and a transient increase in glucagon secretion.
Impasse, Promise, and Impossible Community: Blanchot’s Community of Lovers and Kleist’sMichael Kohlhaas
Authors: Kuiken Kir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile “impasse” in politics implies deadlock or standstill, this essay examines how a counter-tradition, exemplified by Blanchot’s The Unavowable Community, treats impasse as the condition of possibility of a new form of community. Focusing on Blanchot’s conception of the “community of lovers,” the essay examines why Blanchot associates this with the events of May 1968. This association centers on the notion of an “impossible community” that challenges the very structure of the state as the realization of the community’s sovereignty. The essay then turns to Kleist, mentioned briefly in Blanchot’s treatise, as a paradigmatic case of the literary dimension of impossible community. Focusing on Kleist’s novella Michael Kohlhaas, the essay argues that the novella articulates the episodic and insurrectional element of Blanchot’s conception of community. Rather than understand the titular character’s revolt in terms of his fanatical adherence to the universality of law, the essay argues that Kohlhaas’s insurrection is predicated on the death of his wife, Lisbeth, whose post-mortem appearance in the novella introduces a promise that is structurally prior to the state’s constitution. This promise transforms impasse into enactment, impossibility into actuality.
Impasse? What Impasse?
Authors: Schey Taylor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTheories of historical and political change often rely on the idea of a breaking point at which radical action becomes a necessity. Theories of impasse—whether historical, political, or linguistic in focus—respond more or less directly to the assumptions behind this idea. This essay queries these assumptions. Opening with a discussion of how the concept of “the intolerable” features in the work of radical thinkers, the first section examines Lauren Berlant’s project in Cruel Optimism and explores her notion of “the impasse of the present.” The second section then turns to the work of Paul de Man, who, from Allegories of Reading on, develops a complementary theory of the impasse of the present that grows out of his theory of rhetorical reading. Although Berlant and de Man are each preoccupied in different ways with the idea of impasse, both ultimately demonstrate that impasse is best understood as an impossibility. Through readings of KC Green’s webcomics “On Fire” (best known as the source text of the “This is Fine” meme) and “This is Not Fine,” the essay illustrates and considers the broader implications of this impossibility.
Passing Impasse
Authors: François Anne-Lise 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFrom Carolyn Merchant to Theodor Adorno, historians and critics of capitalist modernity have described its expansion as the story of the lifting of traditional taboos, or inversely as the laying down of a ban on taboo itself such that nothing is to remain off-limits or untouched. Yet, despite the absence of an answering authority to lay down the law and cry “halt,” and perhaps because of it, environmental harm continues to be imagined through the figure of trespass and in terms of an invisible line past which human activity, otherwise compelled by capitalism to limitless accumulation, must not go. At the same time, the more fungible the differences between ecological spheres, the more rigid the enforcement of state and private property lines, so that the discourse of trespass whereby one might hope to prosecute environmental crime in fact criminalizes once permitted commoning practices. This essay seeks to thread a way out of this impasse by turning to passages from John Clare, Rainer Maria Rilke, Charles Baudelaire, and William Wordsworth that map human and animal passing onto seasonal passage and mime the different levels and seasonal periods of permeability and impermeability found in ecological relations. Rather than accept the strict dichotomies of the logic of enclosure, the essay explores how these poets enact and theorize modes of passing in order to renew attention to temporary and seasonally determined forms of impasse and passage.
Zebrafish models of skeletal dysplasia induced by cholesterol biosynthesis deficiency
Authors: Anderson Rebecca A. , Schwalbach Kevin T. , Mui Stephanie R. , LeClair Elizabeth E. , Topczewska Jolanta M. , Topczewski Jacek 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Human disorders of the post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis pathway frequently result in skeletal abnormalities, yet our understanding of the mechanisms involved is limited. In a forward-genetic approach, we have found that a late-onset skeletal mutant, named kolibernu7, is the result of a cis-acting regulatory mutation leading to loss of methylsterol monooxygenase 1 (msmo1) expression within pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes. Generated msmo1nu81 knockdown mutation resulted in lethality at larval stage. We demonstrated that this is a result of both cholesterol deprivation and sterol intermediate accumulation by creating a mutation eliminating activity of Lanosterol synthase (Lss). Our results indicate that double lssnu60;msmo1nu81 and single lssnu60 mutants survive significantly longer than msmo1nu81 homozygotes. Liver-specific restoration of either Msmo1 or Lss in corresponding mutant backgrounds suppresses larval lethality. Rescued mutants develop dramatic skeletal abnormalities, with a loss of Msmo1 activity resulting in a more-severe patterning defect of a near-complete loss of hypertrophic chondrocytes marked by col10a1a expression. Our analysis suggests that hypertrophic chondrocytes depend on endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and blocking C4 demethylation exacerbates the cholesterol deficiency phenotype. Our findings offer new insight into the genetic control of bone development and provide new zebrafish models for human disorders of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.
Analgesic efficacy of nefopam for cancer pain: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Pasutharnchat Koravee , Wichachai Wichita , Buachai Rungrawan 
Published: May 2020

Background: Nefopam is a non-opioid, non-steroidal, central acting drug used effectively for postoperative pain. The efficacy of nefopam for cancer pain remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of nefopam for cancer pain in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Patients with moderate to severe cancer pain (n=40) were randomly divided into two groups. The nefopam group (n=20) received three 20 mg doses of nefopam every 8 hours. The placebo group (n=20) received normal saline. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine was given for breakthrough pain for 48 hours. The primary outcome was significant pain reduction. Secondary outcomes were morphine consumption over 48 hours and incidence of side effects. Results: The nefopam group showed pain reduction at 12 hours (65% of patients), 24 hours (80%), 36 hours (85%), and 48 hours (65%). The placebo group showed pain reduction at 12 hours (70%), 24 hours (75%), 36 hours (80%), and 48 hours (60%). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). The median dosage of morphine consumption in 48 hours was lower in the nefopam group (25.5 mg) compared with the placebo group (37 mg), but this was not statistically significant (p=0.499). There were no statistically significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate between the groups. Side effects in both groups were comparable. Conclusions: At dosage of 60 mg in 24 hours, nefopam did not provide significant pain reduction in moderate to severe cancer pain patients. However, there was a trend of reduced opioid consumption. Further studies with larger sample sizes, longer duration, or higher doses of nefopam are warranted. Registration: Thai Clinical Trail Registry (TCTR) ID TCTR20181016001; registered on 12 October 2018.
Współ-powiedzenie… O funkcji wielokropka w języku ogólnym i w poezji Bolesława Leśmiana
Authors: Zaucha Joanna 
Published: May 2020

CO-SAYING. ON THE FUNCTION OF ELLIPSIS IN GENERAL POLISH, AND IN BOLESŁAW LEŚMIAN’S POETRY
The goal of the paper is to identify the function of ellipsis in general Polish, and in Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry. This author assumes that ellipsis corresponds to a specific intonation, has a code character, and belongs to the group of dialogic perspective operators (cf. Wajszczuk 2005). Its function is simply an appeal to the addressee, to complete the utterance with specific content by themselves. The unit is used creatively by Bolesław Leśmian. In his poetry, co-saying serves to express the transcendence of three boundaries set by the oppositions I : you, here : there, yes : no.
Formacje z sufiksem -s typu normals, terytorials, totals
Authors: Mycawka Mirosława 
Published: May 2020

FORMATIONS WITH THE -S SUFFIX: NORMALS, TERYTORIALS, TOTALS
In recent years, there appeared in Polish a series of words ending in -als. One of them is the word millennials, a lexical borrowing from English, which has been depluralized in Polish and is represented by the forms millennials – milllennialsi. Other words with a similar structure include lokals, normals, naturals, specjals, terytorials, totals. A part of them have arisen as a result of word-formation with the English suffix -s. The paper contains an analysis of these words, and attempts to answer the question how these words were created, and in what meanings they function in contemporary Polish.
Warianty morfologiczne czasownika "być" w mowie mieszkańców Spisza na podstawie danych korpusowych
Authors: Grochola-Szczepanek Helena 
Published: May 2020

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIANTS OF THE VERB BYĆ ‘TO BE’ IN THE SPEECH OF THE INHABITANTS OF SPISZ: BASED ON CORPUS DATA
The article discusses the morphological differences in the verb być ‘to be’ in the Spisz dialect. The material has been excerpted from the Spisz Dialect Corpus.The author presents the characteristic forms, and extracts from them the different types of inflection, while providing the number of occurrences of all of the forms in the corpus. Selected examples are presented in a broader context together with metadata. The author also presents the possibilities opened by the use of an electronic corpus in morphological and sociolinguistic research.Verbal inflection in the Spisz dialect differs from the standard variety of Polish. Archaic forms such as byłech, jestech are still used in the dialect. Analytic variants such as ja był, my są are restricted to older respondents. Compositions such as w sklepie.m był or ja jech był are also characteristic for the older generation. Short variants like bem, bes are used in the future tense. The occurrence of the ending -me or -my in the first person plural is geographically limited.
Optical bistability of partial reflection-coated thin film of oil red O
Authors: Ho Quang Quy , Mai Van Luu , Thai Doan Thanh , Bui Xuan Kien , Nguyen Manh Thang , Ho Dinh Quang 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a thin film of oil red O coated by partial dielectric mirrors (PRFORO) operating as an optical bistable device is proposed. The equation of the output–input intensity relation considering nonlinear absorption inside PRFORO is derived and the optical bistability (OB) of PRFORO is shown. Additionally, the influence of the nonlinear refractive, absorptive coefficients of oil red O (ORO), reflective coefficient of mirrors, and the thickness of thin film on the OB is numerically investigated and discussed. As a result, the threshold switching power is lower than 19 mW; the minimum power of output up-state is larger than 40 µW for the optimal PRFORO designed with an ORO concentration larger than 0.1 mM; the thickness of the thin film is longer than 0.1 mm; and the reflective coefficient of mirrors is lower than 93%. The proposed model is suitable for all-optical switches, optical images, and signal processing.