bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time processing of stabilizer measurements in a bit-flip code
Authors: Ristè Diego , Govia Luke C. G. , Donovan Brian , Fallek Spencer D. , Kalfus William D. , Brink Markus , Bronn Nicholas T. , Ohki Thomas A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough qubit coherence times and gate fidelities are continuously improving, logical encoding is essential to achieve fault tolerance in quantum computing. In most encoding schemes, correcting or tracking errors throughout the computation is necessary to implement a universal gate set without adding significant delays in the processor. Here, we realize a classical control architecture for the fast extraction of errors based on multiple cycles of stabilizer measurements and subsequent correction. We demonstrate its application on a minimal bit-flip code with five transmon qubits, showing that real-time decoding and correction based on multiple stabilizers is superior in both speed and fidelity to repeated correction based on individual cycles. Furthermore, the encoded qubit can be rapidly measured, thus enabling conditional operations that rely on feed forward, such as logical gates. This co-processing of classical and quantum information will be crucial in running a logical circuit at its full speed to outpace error accumulation.
Novel antimicrobial phosphate-free glass–ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Suárez M. , Fernández-García E. , Fernández A. , López-Píriz R. , Díaz R. , Torrecillas R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study a phosphate-free glass–ceramic porous scaffold was synthesized by a three-step methodology involving slurry preparation, induction of porosity by surfactant-assisted foaming following by freeze-drying and sintering. This inorganic scaffold was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), degradation and bioactivity. Thermal treatment at 750 °C showed two new crystalline phases, combeite and nepheline, into the glassy matrix responsible for its properties. The cell response of the scaffold was also evaluated for using as a bone graft substitute. A commercial Biphasic Calcium Phosphate, BCP, scaffold was assessed in parallel as reference material. Microstructures obtained by SEM showed the presence of macro, meso and microporosity. The glass–ceramic scaffold possesses an interconnected porosity around 31% with a crack-pore system that promote the protein adsorption and cell attachment. Glass–ceramic scaffold with high concentration of calcium ions shows an antimicrobial behavior against Escherichia coli after 24 h of contact. Nepheline phase present in the glass–ceramic structure is responsible for its high mechanical properties being around 87 MPa. Glass–ceramic scaffold promotes greater protein adsorption and therefore the attachment, spreading and osteodifferentiation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells than BCP scaffold. A higher calcification was induced by glass–ceramic scaffold compared to reference BCP material.
Assessment of selected heavy metals and enzyme activity in soils within the zone of influence of various tree species
Authors: Bartkowiak Agata , Lemanowicz Joanna , Lamparski Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the total content and bioavailable forms of Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni and enzymatic activity (nitro reductase and peroxidases) in the mineral levels of surface soils within the zone of influence of various tree species. The conducted variance analysis confirmed the significant impact of the studied tree habitats on the total content and bioavailable forms of metals and on enzymatic activity. The total content of analysed metals were low and in no case exceeded the possible concentrations. The high bioavailability (AF %) values calculated for habitats of different species compositions (of 53.78% for Zn, 76.82% for Cu, 60.81% for Pb and 44.72% for Ni) may pose a risk of accumulation of these metals in plants. A significant correlation was found between nitrate reduction activity and Pb content (r = 0.510) and Cu (r = 0.678). Principal component analysis allowed two principal components to be distinguished (PC1 and PC2) that accounted for 60.95% of the total change in variance.
Fatty acid synthase, a novel poor prognostic factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia which can be targeted by ginger extract
Authors: Ghaeidamini Harouni Maryam , Rahgozar Soheila , Rahimi Babasheikhali Somayeh , Safavi Arman , Ghodousi Elaheh Sadat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAltered metabolism of fatty acid synthesis is considered a hallmark characteristic of several malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To evaluate the impact of fatty acid synthase (FASN) on drug resistant ALL, bone marrow samples were collected from 65 pediatric ALLs, including 40 de novo and 25 relapsed patients. 22 non-cancer individuals were chosen as controls. Quantitative RT-PCR showed increased expression levels of FASN in drug resistant patients compared with the therapy responders. Single and combined treatment of malignant cells were analyzed using Annexin-V/PI double staining and MTT assays. Incubation of resistant primary cells with ginger showed simultaneous increased apoptosis rates and reduced FASN expression levels. Furthermore, docking studies demonstrated high affinity bindings between ginger derivatives and FASN thioesterase and ketosynthase domains, compared with their known inhibitors, fenofibrate and morin, respectively. Finally, combined treatment of in-house multidrug resistant T-ALL subline with ginger and dexamethasone induced drug sensitivity and down regulation of FASN expression, accordingly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that introduces FASN upregulation as a poor prognostic factor for drug resistant childhood ALL. Moreover, it was revealed that FASN inhibition may be applied by ginger phytochemicals and overcome dexamethasone resistance, subsequently.
Evaluation of tibial rotational axis in total knee arthroplasty using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Nam Ji-Hoon , Koh Yong-Gon , Kim Paul Shinil , Kim Gihun , Kwak Yoon Hae , Kang Kyoung-Tak 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurgeon-dependent factors such as optimal implant alignment of the tibial component are thought to play a significant role in the outcome following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In addition, tibial component malrotation is associated with pain, stiffness, and altered patellofemoral kinematics in TKA. However, measuring tibial component rotation after TKA is difficult. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find a reliable method for positioning the tibial component in TKA. To investigate the morphology of the tibial plateau, 977 patients' knees (829 females and 148 males) were evaluated using MRI. The relationships between the femoral transepicondylar axis (TEA), Akagi line, posterior tibial margin (PTM), medial third of the tibial tubercle (MTT), and anatomical tibial axis (ATS) were investigated in this study. In addition, gender difference in tibial rotational alignment were evaluated. Relative to the TEA, the MTT and ATS were externally rotated by 0.5° ± 4.4° and 0.5° ± 5.4°, respectively, while Akagi line and PTM were internally rotated by 3.7° ± 4.5° and 9.9° ± 6.1°, respectively. Gender differences were found in MTT, Akagi line and ATS (P < 0.05). Our result showed that the rotational alignment led to notable variance between femoral and tibial components using fixed bone landmarks. The MTT and ATS axes showed the closest perpendicular aspect with projected TEA. And the MTT and Akagi axes showed the reduced variance. In addition, PTM is not a reliable landmark for rotation of the tibial component. Based on the results of this study, surgeons may choose the proper anteroposterior axis of the tibial component in order to reduce rotational mismatch and improve clinical outcomes.
Strukturierte Diabetesschulung
Authors: Kronsbein Peter , Kuniß Nadine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSuccessful diabetes treatment requires a high degree of therapy-related competence and everyday coping from the patients. The necessary knowledge and skills are developed in diabetes education programs together with the diabetes health care team. This article presents history, structural components and methodological-didactic aspects, gives an up-to-date overview of existing programs in Germany and an outlook on future diabetes education in view of technological progress.
Gebärmuttererkrankungen des Rindes: mikrobiologische, molekularbiologische und immunologische Aspekte
Authors: Neubrand Lisa , Wagener Karen , Drillich Marc 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungPostpartale Gebärmutterentzündungen treten beim Rind in unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen als puerperale Metritis oder klinische Endometritis auf und können über 40 % der Kühe einer Herde betreffen. Unabhängig von ihrem klinischen Erscheinungsbild zählen sie zu den häufigsten Ursachen für Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen bei Rindern und verursachen erhebliche Einbußen in der Produktivität der Milchkühe und letztendlich in der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Betriebe. Obwohl Erkrankungen der Gebärmutter schon seit vielen Jahren Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion sind, fehlen weiterhin, trotz entsprechender Versuche zur Vereinheitlichung, einheitliche Definitionen der verschiedenen Ausprägungen uteriner Erkrankungen. Durch Anwendung neuer technischer Entwicklungen und Testverfahren konnte ein immenser Fortschritt hinsichtlich der Kenntnisse über physiologische Zusammenhänge und pathologische Mechanismen erreicht werden. Bovine (Endo)metritiden können als multifaktorielle Erkrankungen angesehen werden und resultieren aus dem Zusammenspiel einer mikrobiellen Infektion, einer Dysregulation des Immunsystems und einwirkenden Risikofaktoren. Dieses Zusammenspiel wird auf den Ebenen der Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie und auch mithilfe der Bioinformatik und Molekulargenetik intensiv erforscht. Im Ergebnis wurden unter anderem neue Bakterienspezies beschrieben, die zur Entstehung der Erkrankung beitragen können, Effekte von Entzündungsmediatoren erklärt sowie metabolische und genetische Einflüsse und Zusammenhänge zu nachfolgenden Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen beschrieben. Daraus ergeben sich nicht nur Grundlagen für mögliche neue Therapie- und Präventionsansätze, sondern auch Ansätze, die in der tierärztlichen Praxis heute schon genutzt werden können. Dieser Artikel soll eine Übersicht über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zur bovinen Metritis und Endometritis mit einem Schwerpunkt auf mikrobiologischen, molekularbiologischen und immunologischen Studien liefern.
Analysis of puerperal metritis treatment records in a grazing dairy farm in Argentina
Authors: de la Sota Rodolfo Luzbel , Corva Santiago , Dominguez German , Madoz Laura Vanina , Jaureguiberry Maria , Giuliodori Mauricio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective To assess the efficacy of antibiotic usage for the treatment of puerperal metritis (PM) and its association with reproductive performance, a retrospective cohort study including a total of 9168 records of cows from a dairy farm in Argentina was run.
Material and methods Cows having a PM3 (metricheck, scale 0–3) and treated with ceftiofur (ceftiofur crystalline free acid, 6.6 mg/kg) at 0–21 days postpartum (p. p.) (n = 2688), and cows having a PM 1–2 and not treated with an antibiotic at 0–21 days p. p. (n = 6480) were included in the study. All cows were reexamined with metricheck to assess the clinical cure (vaginal discharge [VD] score 0), partial cure (VD score similar or lower than previous), no cure (VD score higher than previous). Cows with a metricheck VD1–3 after 0–21 days p. p. were diagnosed as clinical endometritis (CE) 1–3. The occurrence of PM1–3, cure rate, calving to conception interval, the hazard of pregnancy, odds for non-pregnancy, and odds for CE were analyzed using SAS software.
Results A total of 8876 PM1–3 records were included, 2435 records of PM3 treatments with ceftiofur (27.43 %), and 6441 records of PM1–2 (72.57 %) with no treatment. Cows having PM1 and PM2 became pregnant 14 and 12 days earlier than cows with PM3 (p < 0.001). The PM3 ceftiofur treated cows had a clinical cure of 24.85 % (PM0); 53.63 % had a partially cure; and 18.52 % no cure. Conversely, cows with PM1–2 had a 51.96 %, 20.70 %, and 24.53 % cure rate, respectively (p < 0.001). Cows having complete cure became pregnant 13 and 11 days earlier than cows having partial cure and no cure (p < 0.001). Cows that had PM3 during the first 21 days p. p. had twice the chances of developing CE compared to cows having PM1–2 (41.28 % vs. 24.14 %, p < 0.001). After 21 days p. p., less than 1 % of cows with clinical cure developed CE compared to 63.32 % that developed CE with partial cure, and 38.21 % with no cure (p < 0.001).
Conclusion and clinical relevance After ceftiofur treatment, 78 % of cows were cured when measured by disappearance of fetid VD but only 25 % of cows had clinical cure when measured by appearance of a clear VD. The cows that remained with clinical metritis had more chances of having CE after 21 days p. p. and had more days open than cows with clear normal VD.
Epidemiologie und Verletzungsprävention im Handball
Authors: Achenbach Leonard , Luig Patrick 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungHandball ist durch eine hohe Verletzungsrate gekennzeichnet. Aktuelle epidemiologische Studien, die die Charakteristik des Handballs besser berücksichtigen, zeichnen hierbei ein deutliches Bild des Verletzungsmusters und -risikos für Handballspielerinnen und -spieler. Während die Hälfte der Spieler nach einer akuten Verletzung mit einer medizinischen Behandlung weiterspielen und trainieren können, so geht die andere Hälfte der Verletzungen mit Verlust an Trainings- und Spielzeit einher. Zwar zeigen sich die erlittenen Verletzungen im Ligabetrieb häufig mit einem Kontaktmechanismus assoziiert, jedoch sind diese nur wenig mit Foulspiel verbunden, sodass im Handball ein hohes Präventionspotenzial vorhanden ist. Die Handballmedizin zeigt dabei große Bemühungen, das Verletzungsrisiko ihres Sports primär reduzieren zu wollen. Die bereits vorhandene Evidenz für Reduktionsmöglichkeiten von Knieverletzungen muss nun in den Trainingsalltag implementiert werden. Aufgrund der hohen Prävalenz von Überlastungsverletzungen der Wurfschulter wurden auch hier die ersten Erkenntnisse in ein Präventionsprogramm umgesetzt. Dieser Artikel wird dies im Detail beschreiben.
Distraction index and Norberg angle to distinguish dysplastic and non-dysplastic hips based on FCI score
Authors: Klever Julius , Brühschwein Andreas , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective Radiographic hip scoring according to the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and PennHIP (Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program) method was performed with the purpose to compare the PennHIP and FCI results as well as coxofemoral joint laxity by correlation of Norberg angle and distraction index measurements.Materials and methods A total of 167 dogs of various breeds presented for official screening examination in a veterinary teaching hospital in Germany were included. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the best Norberg angle and distraction index cut-off values to distinguish between dysplastic and non-dysplastic groups based on FCI grades and to distinguish between lax and tight hip joints according to the PennHIP proposal were calculated.Results More than one third (38.2 %) of dogs that passed the breeding criterions according to FCI (grades A and B) were in the half of the population with lax hip joints and should not be used for breeding according to the PennHIP proposal. A cut-off value for the distraction index of 0.44 with sensitivity of 82.7 % and specificity of 84.2 % was superior to the best cut-off value for the Norberg angle at 101.8° with sensitivity of 82.7 % and specificity of 71.9 % to discriminate between non-dysplastic joints (A, B) and dysplastic joints (C, D, E).Conclusions and clinical relevance Our results show a limited impact of laxity on the FCI grading. Breeding selection processes that are based on the FCI method could profit by an additional and complementary use of the distraction index.
Atraumatische Instabilität des vorderen Kreuzbandes durch eine intraligamentäre Zyste
Authors: Burchard René , Graw Jan A. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungEin 28-jähriger Mann wurde mit einem Instabilitätsgefühl im Knie beim Fußballspielen ohne vorhergehendes Unfallereignis vorstellig. Die klinische Untersuchung ergab sowohl einen pathologischen Lachmann- als auch einen pathologischen Pivot-Shift-Test. Die kernspintomografische Bildgebung zeigte eine intraligamentäre Zyste des vorderen Kreuzbandes (VKB). In der darauffolgenden Arthroskopie zeigte sich eine durch die Zyste verursachte subtotale Zerstörung des VKB. Nach einer VKB-Ersatzplastik mittels Semitendinosustransplantats war das Gelenk wieder stabil. Gelenkzysten sind selten und verursachen häufig unspezifische Schmerzen oder Bewegungseinschränkungen. Bislang wurden keine Zusammenhänge zwischen intraligamentären Zysten und einer Gelenkinstabilität beschrieben. Eine mögliche präventive Resektion auch asymptomatischer und zufällig gefundener Ligament-assoziierter Zysten ist zu diskutieren.
Factors Associated With Operatively Confirmed Adnexal Torsion Among Pregnant Women – A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Rottenstreich Misgav , Moran Ido , Hirsch Ayala , Rotem Reut , Armon Shunit , benshushan Avi , Grisaru-Granovsky Sorina , Rottenstreich Amihai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the association of clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound findings with the surgical diagnosis of adnexal torsion in a retrospective cohort of women operated for suspected torsion during pregnancy.
Materials and Methods A multicenter retrospective study of pregnant women who underwent urgent laparoscopy for suspected adnexal torsion during 2004–2019 in three tertiary medical centers.
Results Adnexal torsion was found in 143/208 (68.8 %) cases. Women with adnexal torsion had lower parity and lower rates of previous cesarean section, but higher rates of fertility treatments and multiple gestations, and were more likely to report right lower abdominal pain, with shorter duration of symptoms (< 24 hrs) and vomiting but not nausea. Women with adnexal torsion were found to have higher rates of sonographic findings suggestive of ovarian edema, while normal-appearing ovaries on ultrasound were more common in women without torsion. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that complaints of right abdominal pain were positively associated with adnexal torsion (aOR [95 % CI] 5.03 (1.45–17.49), while previous cesarean delivery and ultrasound findings of normal-appearing ovaries were negatively associated with adnexal torsion (aOR of 0.17 (0.05–0.52) and 0.10 (0.02–0.43), respectively).
Conclusion Clinical characteristics and ultrasound findings may be incorporated into the emergency room workup of pregnant women with suspected adnexal torsion.
Clinical Decision Support and Implications for the Clinician Burnout Crisis
Authors: Jankovic Ivana , Chen Jonathan H. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: This survey aimed to review aspects of clinical decision support (CDS) that contribute to burnout and identify key themes for improving the acceptability of CDS to clinicians, with the goal of decreasing said burnout.Methods: We performed a survey of relevant articles from 2018-2019 addressing CDS and aspects of clinician burnout from PubMed and Web of Science™. Themes were manually extracted from publications that met inclusion criteria.Results: Eighty-nine articles met inclusion criteria, including 12 review articles. Review articles were either prescriptive, describing how CDS should work, or analytic, describing how current CDS tools are deployed. The non-review articles largely demonstrated poor relevance and acceptability of current tools, and few studies showed benefits in terms of efficiency or patient outcomes from implemented CDS. Encouragingly, multiple studies highlighted steps that succeeded in improving both acceptability and relevance of CDS.Conclusions: CDS can contribute to clinician frustration and burnout. Using the techniques of improving relevance, soliciting feedback, customization, measurement of outcomes and metrics, and iteration, the effects of CDS on burnout can be ameliorated.
Review of Clinical Research Informatics
Authors: Solomonides Anthony 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) declares its scope in its name, but its content, both in terms of the clinical research it supports—and sometimes initiates—and the methods it has developed over time, reach much further than the name suggests. The goal of this review is to celebrate the extraordinary diversity of activity and of results, not as a prize-giving pageant, but in recognition of the field, the community that both serves and is sustained by it, and of its interdisciplinarity and its international dimension.Methods: Beyond personal awareness of a range of work commensurate with the author’s own research, it is clear that, even with a thorough literature search, a comprehensive review is impossible. Moreover, the field has grown and subdivided to an extent that makes it very hard for one individual to be familiar with every branch or with more than a few branches in any depth. A literature survey was conducted that focused on informatics-related terms in the general biomedical and healthcare literature, and specific concerns (“artificial intelligence”, “data models”, “analytics”, etc.) in the biomedical informatics (BMI) literature. In addition to a selection from the results from these searches, suggestive references within them were also considered.Results: The substantive sections of the paper—Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and “Big Data” Analytics; Common Data Models, Data Quality, and Standards; Phenotyping and Cohort Discovery; Privacy: Deidentification, Distributed Computation, Blockchain; Causal Inference and Real-World Evidence—provide broad coverage of these active research areas, with, no doubt, a bias towards this reviewer’s interests and preferences, landing on a number of papers that stood out in one way or another, or, alternatively, exemplified a particular line of work.Conclusions: CRI is thriving, not only in the familiar major centers of research, but more widely, throughout the world. This is not to pretend that the distribution is uniform, but to highlight the potential for this domain to play a prominent role in supporting progress in medicine, healthcare, and wellbeing everywhere. We conclude with the observation that CRI and its practitioners would make apt stewards of the new medical knowledge that their methods will bring forward.