bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interview‐based approach assessing interactions between seals and small‐scale fisheries informs the conservation strategy of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal
Authors: Karamanlidis Alexandros A. , Adamantopoulou Styliani , Kallianiotis Argyris A. , Tounta Eleni , Dendrinos Panagiotis 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Small‐scale fisheries may pose a serious threat to the conservation of marine mammals. At the same time various factors have led to the decline of small‐scale fisheries, often making them unsustainable. Current rates of biodiversity loss and the reduction of fish stocks and fisheries dictate a thorough understanding of fisheries‐related issues and the implementation of effective management actions.
The Mediterranean monk seal is one of the most endangered marine mammals on Earth; its survival in the eastern Mediterranean Sea is threatened by negative interactions with fisheries. A nationwide questionnaire survey among fishers and port police authorities was carried out in Greece to describe the main characteristics of small‐scale fisheries, and to understand the nature and assess the magnitude of negative interactions between the monk seal and these fisheries. Questionnaire information was verified by a second round of interviews during landings.
The main attributes of the fishers, their fishing boats, and their practices were characteristic of the small‐scale fisheries sector. Overfishing was considered the main reason for fish‐stock reduction, and negative interactions with marine mammals was considered the main issue for the fishing sector.
Monk seals were present, caused damage, and got accidentally entangled in fishing gear throughout Greece. Damage to fishing gear was recorded mainly during spring and summer, and on average affected 21% of all fishing trips and 1% of nets deployed during a fishing trip.
Based on these results, the implementation of general and specific nationwide fishery management and conservation actions are proposed. These actions are mainly aimed at improving fish stock status, changing the behaviour of the fishers, and mitigating seal–fishery interactions in Greece, while promoting the recovery of the Mediterranean monk seal in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Finite‐time adaptive fault‐tolerant control for rigid spacecraft attitude tracking
Authors: Gao Shihong , Jing Yuanwei , Liu Xiaoping , Dimirovski Georgi M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a new solution for the finite‐time attitude maneuvers of rigid spacecraft. Uncertainties involving unknown inertial parameters, external disturbances and actuator failures are taken into account. With an effort to achieve attitude tracking despite the impact of uncertainties, a non‐singular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) manifold consisting of attitude errors and angular velocity errors is first constructed. After that, a simple but efficient adaptive updating law is derived to estimate the upper bound of the lumped unknown function in the derivative of sliding surface. Combining NTSM technology and pure adaptive control, a chattering‐free fault‐tolerant controller is presented. The premise assumptions on uncertainties in most of the existing achievements are eliminated, which makes the controller less constrained and more practical. The rigorous proof of finite‐time stability is provided and the convergent regions of tracking errors are explicitly expressed. Finally, numerical simulation is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the comparison experiments with relevant literature demonstrate the satisfactory performances.
Chicago's Response to a Hexavalent Chromium Spill
Authors: Manley Sophie Frances , Conner Randy , Holthouse Putz Andrea R. 
Published: March 2020

Key TakeawaysWater utilities can proactively develop and refine emergency response protocols to best respond to and learn from water quality events.Managers can plan for potential treatment changes by understanding the underlying mechanisms affecting fluctuations in source water quality.Protecting source water entails assessing high‐risk sites, such as industrial facilities, monitoring their surrounding water, and implementing emergency response protocols.
Analysis of Water Utility Websites Reveals Missed Opportunities
Authors: Vedachalam Sridhar , Kirchoff Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Key TakeawaysWebsites of randomly selected water utilities were evaluated using criteria based on measures of public health and equity.Most of the websites surveyed adequately provided content but did not score well in customer accessibility or social media presence.Water utilities can take steps to improve communication with the public, better promote public health, and build consumer trust.
Mental health and quality of life in firefighters working on the scene in South Korea: Focus on the capital area and growth promotion area
Authors: Jang Woo‐Hyuk , Kim Da‐Som , Park Hye‐Won , Kim Ji‐Hoon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionToday, firefighters' work areas are expanding into various fields. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of mental health on quality of life between firefighters in the capital area and in the growth promotion area.MethodA survey was conducted with 206 firefighters including 110 firefighters in the capital area and 96 firefighters in the growth promotion area through a questionnaire.ResultThe differences in mental health based on working areas between firefighter groups have been identified. In addition, among the factors affecting the quality of life among firefighter, the factor most closely associated with quality of life was “sociopsychological health stress,” followed by “occupational stress,” “depression,” and “working area.”ConclusionThere is a need for research into mental health interventions appropriate for regional characteristics of each region regarding the implementation of mental health management by working area.
Up‐regulation of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression and catalytic activity is associated with immunosuppression and poor prognosis in penile squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Zhou Qiang‐hua , Han Hui , Lu Jia‐bin , Liu Ting‐yu , Huang Kang‐bo , Deng Chuang‐zhong , Li Zai‐shang , Chen Jie‐ping , Yao Kai , Qin Zi‐ke , Liu Zhuo‐wei , Li Yong‐hong , Guo Sheng‐jie , Ye Yun‐lin , Zhou Fang‐jian , Liu Ran‐yi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan (Trp) catabolism have been demonstrated to play an important role in tumor immunosuppression. This study examined the expression and catalytic activity of IDO1 in penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) and explored their clinical significance.MethodsIDO1 expression level, serum concentrations of Trp and kynurenine (Kyn) were examined in 114 PSCC patients by immunohistonchemistry and solid‐phase extraction‐liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The survival was analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier method and the log‐rank test. Hazard ratio of death was analyzed via univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Immune cell types were defined by principal component analysis. The correlativity was assessed by Pearson's correlation analysis.ResultsThe expression level of IDO1 in PSCC cells was positively correlated with serum Kyn concentration and Kyn/Trp radio (KTR; both P < 0.001) but negatively correlated with serum Trp concentration (P = 0.001). Additionally, IDO1 up‐regulation in cancer cells and the increase of serum KTR were significantly associated with advanced N stage (both P < 0.001) and high pathologic grade (P = 0.008 and 0.032, respectively). High expression level of IDO1 in cancer cells and serum KTR were associated with short disease‐specific survival (both P < 0.001). However, besides N stage (hazard radio [HR], 6.926; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.458‐19.068; P < 0.001) and pathologic grade (HR, 2.194; 95% CI, 1.021‐4.529; P = 0.038), only serum KTR (HR, 2.780; 95% CI, 1.066‐7.215; P = 0.036) was an independent predictor for PSCC prognosis. IDO1 expression was positively correlated with the expression of interferon‐γ (IFNγ, P < 0.001) and immunosuppressive markers (programmed cell death protein 1, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 and programmed death‐ligand 1 and 2; all P < 0.05), and the infiltration of immune cells (including cytotoxic T lymphocytes, regulatory T lymphocytes, tumor‐associated macrophages, and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells; all P < 0.001) in PSCC tissues. Furthermore, the expression of IDO1 was induced by IFNγ in a dose‐dependent manner in PSCC cells.ConclusionsIFNγ‐induced IDO1 plays a crucial role in immunoediting and immunosuppression in PSCC. Additionally, serum KTR, an indicator of IDO1 catabolic activity, can be utilized as an independent prognostic factor for PSCC.
Machine learning driven interpretation of computational fluid dynamics simulations to develop student intuition
Authors: Patterson Nathan J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmployers need engineers capable of leveraging CFD simulations to make intelligent design decisions, but undergraduate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) courses are not adequately preparing students for this type of work. CFD courses commonly familiarize students with topics, such as method derivation, domain creation, boundary conditions, mesh convergence, turbulence models, numerical convergence, and error analysis. This approach is an effective way to teach novices how CFD software works and how to prepare CFD analyses. However, it neglects development of higher level CFD skills and intuition important to engineering analysis and design, deferring this task to future study and training. This paper introduces the “Machine Learning Driven Interpretation of Fluid Dynamics Simulations to Develop Student Intuition” (MIFoS) software, a program designed to help CFD novices develop the high‐level skills and intuition that employers need in their engineers. A data‐driven approach was used to create the MIFoS software, which allows the submission of arbitrary geometries, automates an external flow simulation, and returns expert‐level graphical interpretation of simulation data. MIFoS's automated CFD simulation and feedback space allows novices to experiment with expert‐level suggestions on their own designs, enabling the skill and intuition development typically gained through years of study, practice, and expert guidance.
Up‐regulation of SNHG16 induced by CTCF accelerates cardiac hypertrophy by targeting miR‐182‐5p/IGF1 axis
Authors: Wang Dong , Lin Bin , Zhang Wen , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG16 has been reported to be significant regulators in multiple cancers. However, never has the relationship between it and cardiac hypertrophy been studied until now. In this study, angiotensin II (Ang II)‐treated cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal mice were used as a model of cardiac hypertrophy in vitro. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the expression of SNHG16, miR‐182‐5p, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1). The relationship between SNHG16 and its downstream genes were corroborated by RNA pull‐down and luciferase reporter experiments. Western blot was conducted to detect the expression of markers of hypertrophy. The results disclosed that SNHG16 expression was in a high level in the cardiac hypertrophic model. Down‐regulation of SNHG16 could decline the expression of hypertrophic markers and reduce cell surface area induced by Ang II. Moreover, SNHG16 was discovered to be activated by transcription factor CCCTC‐binding factor. In addition, SNHG16 could enlarge cell surface area and increase the expression of hypertrophic markers by inhibiting miR‐182‐5p expression in Ang II‐treated cardiomyocytes. Finally, overexpression of IGF1 could rescue the effects of silenced SNHG16 on cardiac hypertrophy cells. In brief, our study illustrated that silenced SNHG16 repressed Ang II‐imposed cardiac hypertrophy via targeting miR‐182‐5p/IGF1 axis.
Pathway Dependence in Redox‐Driven Metal–Organic Gels
Authors: Panja Santanu , Adams Dave J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPathway dependence is common in self‐assembly. Herein, the importance of pathway dependence for redox‐driven gels is shown by constructing a FeII/FeIII redox‐based metal–organic gel system is shown. In situ oxidation of the FeII ions at different rates results in conversion of a FeII gel into a FeIII organic gel, which controls the material properties, such as gel stiffness, gel strength, and an unusual swelling behaviour, is described. The rate of formation of FeIII ions determines the extent of intermolecular interactions and so whether gelation or precipitation occurs.
Isolation and identification of sapotexanthin 5,6‐epoxide and 5,8‐epoxide from red mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Authors: Murillo Enrique , Agócs Attila , Nagy Veronika , Király Sándor Balázs , Kurtán Tibor , Toribio Eunice Molinar , Lakey‐Beitia Johant , Deli József 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo new carotenoids, sapotexanthin 5,6‐epoxide and sapotexanthin 5,8‐epoxide, have been isolated from the ripe fruits of red mamey (Pouteria sapota). Sapotexanthin 5,6‐epoxide was also prepared by partial synthesis via epoxidation of sapotexanthin, and the (5R,6S) and (5S,6R) stereoisomers were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography–electronic circular dichroism (HPLC‐ECD) analysis. Spectroscopic data of the natural and semisynthetic derivatives obtained by acid‐catalyzed rearrangement of cryptocapsin 5,8‐epoxide stereoisomers were compared for structural elucidation.
Characterization of the mechanism of interaction between α1‐acid glycoprotein and lipid membranes by vacuum‐ultraviolet circular‐dichroism spectroscopy
Authors: Matsuo Koichi , Kumashiro Munehiro , Gekko Kunihiko 
Published: March 2020

Abstractα1‐Acid glycoprotein (AGP) interacts with lipid membranes as a peripheral membrane protein so as to decrease the drug‐binding capacity accompanying the β→α conformational change that is considered a protein‐mediated uptake mechanism for releasing drugs into membranes or cells. This study characterized the mechanism of interaction between AGP and lipid membranes by measuring the vacuum‐ultraviolet circular‐dichroism (VUVCD) spectra of AGP down to 170 nm using synchrotron radiation in the presence of five types of liposomes whose constituent phospholipid molecules have different molecular characteristics in the head groups (e.g., different net charges). The VUVCD analysis showed that the α‐helix and β‐strand contents and the numbers of segments of AGP varied with the constituent phospholipid molecules of liposomes, while combining VUVCD data with a neural‐network method predicted that these membrane‐bound conformations comprised several common long helix and small strand segments. The amino‐acid composition of each helical segment of the conformations indicated that amphiphilic and positively charged helices formed at the N‐ and C‐terminal regions of AGP, respectively, were candidate sites for the membrane interaction. The addition of 1 M sodium chloride shortened the C‐terminal helix while having no effect on the length of the N‐terminal one. These results suggest that the N‐ and C‐terminal helices can interact with the membrane via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, respectively, demonstrating that the liposome‐dependent conformations of AGP analyzed using VUVCD spectroscopy provide useful information for characterizing the mechanism of interaction between AGP and lipid membranes.
Inline Spectroscopy‐Based Optimization of Chemical Reactions Considering Dynamic Process Conditions
Authors: Trunina Diana , Liauw Marcel A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe demand for sustainable energy sources, like biomass, solar energy, hydro and wind power, is connected to challenges like energy storage and fluctuating energy supply. Regarding the second challenge, industry has to evolve their existing processes from steady state processes to dynamic ones. This work is concerned with the conception of an inline spectroscopy‐based optimization routine for chemical reactions under dynamic process conditions, which implements the search for a well applicable optimization algorithm. The studied reaction to reach this goal is a nitroaldol condensation.
Design of the SILICOFCM study: Effect of sacubitril/valsartan vs lifestyle intervention on functional capacity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tafelmeier Maria , Baessler Andrea , Wagner Stefan , Unsoeld Bernhard , Preveden Andrej , Barlocco Fausto , Tomberli Alessia , Popovic Dejana , Brennan Paul , MacGowan Guy A. , Ristic Arsen , Velicki Lazar , Olivotto Iacopo , Jakovljevic Djordje G. , Maier Lars S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiovascular disease with a broad spectrum of disease severity. HCM ranges from a benign course to a progressive disorder characterized by angina, heart failure, malignant arrhythmia, syncope, or sudden cardiac death. So far, no medical treatment has reliably shown to halt or reverse progression of HCM or to alleviate its symptoms. While the angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril/valsartan has shown to reduce mortality and hospitalization in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, data on its effect on HCM are sparse.HypothesisA 4‐month pharmacological (sacubitril/valsartan) or lifestyle intervention will significantly improve exercise tolerance (ie, peak oxygen consumption) in patients with nonobstructive HCM compared to the optimal standard therapy (control group).MethodsSILICOFCM is a prospective, multicenter, open‐label, randomized, controlled, three‐arm clinical trial (NCT03832660) that will recruit 240 adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of nonobstructive HCM. Eligible patients are randomized to sacubitril/valsartan, lifestyle intervention (physical activity and dietary supplementation with inorganic nitrate), or optimal standard therapy alone (control group). The primary endpoint is the change in functional capacity (ie, peak oxygen consumption). Secondary endpoints include: (a) Change in cardiac structure and function as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (MRI imaging), (b) change in biomarkers (ie, CK, CKMB, and NT‐proBNP), (c) physical activity, and (d) quality of life.ResultsUntil December 2019, a total of 41 patients were recruited into the ongoing SILICOFCM study and were allocated to the study groups and the control group. There was no significant difference in key baseline characteristics between the three groups.ConclusionThe SILICOFCM study will provide novel evidence about the effect of sacubitril/valsartan or lifestyle intervention on functional capacity, clinical phenotype, injury and stretch activation markers, physical activity, and quality of life in patients with nonobstructive HCM.
Communicating sustainable development: Effects of stakeholder‐centric perceived sustainability
Authors: Lee Ya‐Ching 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow to effectively communicate sustainable development has been a great challenge for businesses. This study identifies three dimensions of stakeholder‐centric perceived sustainability (strength, magnitude, and mobilizability) and presents a framework to recast sustainable communication metrics. The results demonstrate that the strength and mobilizability increase perceived value, leading to an enhancement of brand resonance and purchase intention. The magnitude negatively influences perceived value. This study contributes to the literature by proposing a framework to conceptualize the three dimensions of perceived sustainability and by evaluating outcomes of sustainable communication. The research advances our understanding by showing consumers' psychological path in assessing firms' sustainable communication. The findings also support gender differences. Finally, this paper offers practical suggestions to formulate sustainable communication strategies.
Toll‐like receptor 7/8‐matured RNA‐transduced dendritic cells as post‐remission therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia: results of a phase I trial
Authors: Lichtenegger Felix S , Schnorfeil Frauke M , Rothe Maurine , Deiser Katrin , Altmann Torben , Bücklein Veit L , Köhnke Thomas , Augsberger Christian , Konstandin Nikola P , Spiekermann Karsten , Moosmann Andreas , Boehm Stephan , Boxberg Melanie , Heemskerk Mirjam HM , Goerlich Dennis , Wittmann Georg , Wagner Beate , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Schendel Dolores J , Kvalheim Gunnar , Bigalke Iris , Subklewe Marion 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesInnovative post‐remission therapies are needed to eliminate residual AML cells. DC vaccination is a promising strategy to induce anti‐leukaemic immune responses.MethodsWe conducted a first‐in‐human phase I study using TLR7/8‐matured DCs transfected with RNA encoding the two AML‐associated antigens WT1 and PRAME as well as CMVpp65. AML patients in CR at high risk of relapse were vaccinated 10× over 26 weeks.ResultsDespite heavy pretreatment, DCs of sufficient number and quality were generated from a single leukapheresis in 11/12 cases, and 10 patients were vaccinated. Administration was safe and resulted in local inflammatory responses with dense T‐cell infiltration. In peripheral blood, increased antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells were seen for WT1 (2/10), PRAME (4/10) and CMVpp65 (9/10). For CMVpp65, increased CD4+ T cells were detected in 4/7 patients, and an antibody response was induced in 3/7 initially seronegative patients. Median OS was not reached after 1057 days; median RFS was 1084 days. A positive correlation was observed between clinical benefit and younger age as well as mounting of antigen‐specific immune responses.ConclusionsAdministration of TLR7/8‐matured DCs to AML patients in CR at high risk of relapse was feasible and safe and resulted in induction of antigen‐specific immune responses. Clinical benefit appeared to occur more likely in patients <65 and in patients mounting an immune response. Our observations need to be validated in a larger patient cohort. We hypothesise that TLR7/8 DC vaccination strategies should be combined with hypomethylating agents or checkpoint inhibition to augment immune responses.Trial registrationThe study was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov on 17 October 2012 (NCT01734304) and at https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu (EudraCT‐Number 2010‐022446‐24) on 10 October 2013.
Predictor species: Improving assessments of rare species occurrence by modeling environmental co‐responses
Authors: Thompson Peter R. , Fagan William F. , Staniczenko Phillip P. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDesigning an effective conservation strategy requires understanding where rare species are located. Because rare species can be difficult to find, ecologists often identify other species called conservation surrogates that can help inform the distribution of rare species. Species distribution models typically rely on environmental data when predicting the occurrence of species, neglecting the effect of species' co‐occurrences and biotic interactions. Here, we present a new approach that uses Bayesian networks to improve predictions by modeling environmental co‐responses among species. For species from a European peat bog community, our approach consistently performs better than single‐species models and better than conventional multi‐species approaches that include the presence of nontarget species as additional independent variables in regression models. Our approach performs particularly well with rare species and when calibration data are limited. Furthermore, we identify a group of “predictor species” that are relatively common, insensitive to the presence of other species, and can be used to improve occurrence predictions of rare species. Predictor species are distinct from other categories of conservation surrogates such as umbrella or indicator species, which motivates focused data collection of predictor species to enhance conservation practices.