bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hope and trust in times of Zika: the views of caregivers and healthcare workers at the forefront of the epidemic in Brazil
Authors: Simas Clarissa , Penn-Kekana Loveday , Kuper Hannah , Lyra Tereza Maciel , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes , de Albuquerque Maria do Socorro Veloso , de Araújo Thália Velho Barreto , de Melo Ana Paula Lopes , Figueira Mendes Corina Helena , Nunes Moreira Martha Cristina , Ferreira do Nascimento Marcos Antonio , Pimentel Camila , Pinto Marcia , Valongueiro Sandra , Larson Heidi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article investigates how hope and trust played out for two groups at the forefront of the Zika epidemic: caregivers of children with congenital Zika syndrome and healthcare workers. We conducted 76 in-depth interviews with members of both groups to examine hope and trust in clinical settings, as well as trust in public institutions, in the health system and in the government of Brazil. During and after the Zika epidemic, hope and trust were important to manage uncertainty and risk, given the lack of scientific evidence about the neurological consequences of Zika virus infection. The capacity of healthcare workers and caregivers to trust and to co-create hope seems to have allowed relationships to develop that cushioned social impacts, reinforced adherence to therapeutics and enabled information flow. Hope facilitated parents to trust healthcare workers and interventions. Hope and trust appeared to be central in the establishment of support networks for caregivers. At the same time, mistrust in the government and state institutions may have allowed rumours and alternative explanations about Zika to spread. It may also have strengthened activism in mother’s associations, which seemed to have both positive and negative implications for healthcare service delivery. The findings also point to distrust in international health actors and global health agenda, which can impact community engagement in future outbreak responses in Brazil and other countries in Latin America.
Wild Atlantic salmon exposed to sea lice from aquaculture show reduced marine survival and modified response to ocean climate
Authors: Shephard Samuel , Gargan Patrick 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Impacts on marine survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar include sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation from coastal aquaculture, and ocean climate forcing. These effects may interact because infestation compromises smolt growth and body condition, and thus response to environmental conditions. We hypothesized that migrating smolts exposed to lice from salmon farms would show (i) reduced one sea-winter (1SW) returns to natal rivers and (ii) a shift in relationships between ocean climate and returns. Annual counts of 1SW fish were studied from ten rivers in Ireland, including five “control” systems without salmon aquaculture. Most counts showed a downward trend, consistent with declines in Atlantic salmon populations. Rivers with aquaculture showed lesser returns (mean 33%, range 19–46%) in years following high lice levels on nearby salmon farms. The level of likely lice pressure also modified how annual 1SW returns varied with ocean conditions. Returns to control rivers showed a weak negative relationship with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) in the late summer (September) of the out-migrating year. This negative AMO effect became much stronger for fish migrating in low lice years but was not evident for high lice years. Smolts experiencing mild-to-moderate lice infestation may show greater sensitivity to ocean warming.
Some Deficits and Some Misperceptions: Linking Partisanship With Climate Change Cognitions
Authors: Chinn Sedona , Pasek Josh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Partisans appear to hold very different information about climate change, with Republicans more likely to respond to knowledge questions incorrectly than Democrats or Independents. As polarization undermines the ability of science to inform policy, clarifying why partisans report different science knowledge is vital. This study uses novel measurement to differentiate among knowledge, misinformation, guessing, and rejection while identifying covariates of these cognitions. First, we find that Republicans’ incorrect beliefs about climate change stem from a mix of guessing, misperceptions, and rejection. Second, multiple cognitions appear closely linked to partisanship, suggesting politically motivated reasoning as likely driving knowledge differences. Finally, partisan knowledge differences about climate change do not reflect broader polarization of science knowledge but are limited to select issues.
A forum on batteries: from lithium-ion to the next generation
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to three pioneers of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)—Prof. John B. Goodenough at the University of Texas, Prof. M. Stanley Whittingham at the State University of New York and Mr. Akira Yoshino at the Asahi Corporation of Japan, which is a great encouragement to the whole field.
LIBs have been developed for several decades with the progress slowing down and their performances approaching some theoretical limits. On the other hand, new types of batteries or power systems, including solid-state batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and fuel cells, are being steadily developed, offering new choices for divergent applications. In this panel discussion chaired by NSR editorial board member Huiming Cheng, battery experts gather to discuss the challenges and trends of LIBs, the developments and applications of next-generation batteries, as well as the status quo of the battery research and industry in China.

Jun Chen
Professor of the College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

Yunhui Huang
Professor of the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

Hong Li
Professor of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Shigang Sun
Professor of the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

Hongli Zhang
Director of the R&D Institute of Battery, Gotion High-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd., Hefei, China

Huiming Cheng (Chair)
Professor of the Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
The value of lost productivity from workplace bullying in Ireland
Authors: Cullinan J , Hodgins M , Hogan V , Pursell L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Workplace bullying is a pervasive problem with significant personal, social and economic costs. Estimates of the resulting lost productivity provide an important societal perspective on the impact of the problem. Understanding where these economic costs fall is relevant for policy.

Aims
We estimated the value of lost productivity to the economy from workplace bullying in the public and private sectors in Ireland.

Methods
We used nationally representative survey data and multivariable negative binomial regression to estimate the independent effect of workplace bullying on days absent from work. We applied the human capital approach to derive an estimate of the annual value of lost productivity due to bullying by sector and overall, in 2017.

Results
Bullying was independently associated with an extra 1.00 (95% CI: 0.38–1.62) days absent from work over a 4-week period. This differed for public and private sector employees: 0.69 (95% CI: −0.12 to 1.50) versus 1.45 (95% CI: 0.50–2.40) days respectively. Applying official data, we estimated the associated annual value of lost productivity to be €51.8 million in the public sector, €187.6 million in the private sector and €239.3 million overall.

Conclusions
The economic value of lost productivity from workplace bullying in Ireland is significant. Although bullying is more prevalent in the public sector, it has a larger effect on absence in the private sector. Given this, along with the greater overall share of employees, productivity losses from bullying are considerably larger in the private sector in Ireland.
Application of social marketing to recruitment for a digital weight management intervention for young adults
Authors: Whiteley Jessica A , Faro Jamie M , Mavredes Meghan , Hayman Laura L , Napolitano Melissa A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecruiting young adults into weight loss interventions poses challenges that may be mitigated by the use of novel social marketing strategies. The purpose of this study is to describe how social marketing principles were applied to recruitment for a digitally delivered randomized controlled trial for weight management among young adults and report recruitment data and demographics on those who enrolled and did not enroll in the study. The marketing mix of the 7Ps (i.e., product, price, place, promotion, packaging, positioning, and people) was applied to intervention recruitment. Prior to enrollment, respondents completed a screening survey, which was examined to determine optimal strategies for study awareness and enrollment. Of the initial 5,731 who initiated a screener, 3,059 provided data on the source of where they heard about the study. Subsequently, 460 (12.5%) were enrolled in the study, 409 (51.3% non-White; 78.7% female; body mass index: 30.6 ± 4.3) provided data on recruitment source, with emails (72.5%), cited most often followed by flyers/posters (8.8%), “other” (6.7%), and multiple sources (6.6%). Although email remained the most frequently cited promotion source, Pearson’s chi-squared tests revealed that, compared to those not enrolled in the study, those who enrolled were more likely to hear about the study via flyers/posters (enrolled = 14.4%; not enrolled = 7.9%; p &lt; .001) and multiple sources (enrolled = 11.7%; not enrolled 5.85%; p &lt; .01) and less likely to hear via email (enrolled = 62.1%; not enrolled = 74.2%; p &lt; .01). This study applied social marketing principles to successfully recruit a large and diverse group of young adults. While email emerged as the most effective source of study awareness, multiple channels and a mix of marketing principles are recommended for recruiting in university settings.
Current practices, facilitators, and barriers experienced by program providers implementing the National Diabetes Prevention Program in Los Angeles County
Authors: Green Gabrielle , DeFosset Amelia R , Sivashanmugam Megala , Mosst Jennifer , Kuo Tony 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Individuals with prediabetes can lower their diabetes risk by participating in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP), an evidence-based, group lifestyle change program that is taught by a certified lifestyle coach. To date, studies have not explicitly compared National DPP implementation across multiple settings (i.e., types of organizations) to understand comparative setting advantages or challenges to engaging priority groups. The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of: (a) the variation in National DPP implementation across clinic, community-based, and digital settings and (b) associated facilitators and barriers. The study focused on three core implementation domains: recruitment, retention, and data reporting. This study used a descriptive, qualitative approach to identify current practices, facilitators, and barriers to National DPP implementation by conducting semistructured key informant interviews in spring 2018 with 12 organizations delivering the National DPP in Los Angeles County. There was a general commonality between in-person settings (clinics and community-based), while the experiences of digital providers were relatively distinct. Recruitment and retention were widely described by all settings as labor- and time-intensive, while data reporting was seen as relatively less burdensome. All respondents reported using multiple recruitment strategies. Lifestyle coaches were seen as key to retention, and they spent substantial time engaging with participants outside of class, which often was not accounted for in program costs. Data reporting was easier for organizations that invested in sophisticated data management systems and had staff with sufficient data experience. This study advances knowledge around the translation of the National DPP in diverse settings in the nation’s largest county and highlights opportunities for targeted, setting-specific support.
Larval chaetotaxy and morphology are highly homoplastic yet phylogenetically informative in Hydrobiusini water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Authors: Archangelsky Miguel , Martínez Román Nicolás Rafael , Fikáček Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses testing the monophyly of the tribe Hydrobiusini and the relationships among its genera are performed based on a data matrix including characters of larval morphology and morphometrics, larval chaetotaxy and adult morphology, including eight of the nine hydrobiusine genera plus 15 outgroup taxa. The head chaetotaxy of six genera of the tribe Hydrobiusini is described (Ametor, Hybogralius, Hydramara, Limnohydrobius, Limnoxenus and Sperchopsis). Morphometric characters derived from the head capsule and mouthparts are included. All characters are illustrated in detail. The analyses performed on the above datasets and their combinations reveal the monophyly of the Hydrobiusini except for Hybogralius, and reconstruct the internal topology of the tribe, largely corresponding to results of previous molecular analyses. Hybogralius groups with genera having larvae adapted to underwater feeding in all analyses. The position of the genus Tritonus within the Laccobiini is questioned by our analyses, which suggest a closer relationship with the tribes Hydrophilini or Hydrobiusini. Larval characters are revealed as highly homoplastic, with chaetotaxic characters performing slightly worse than usual larval morphology. Nonetheless, they are phylogenetically informative and useful for testing phylogenetic hypotheses resulting from analyses of molecules or adult morphology. A key to larvae of the genera of the Hydrobiusini is presented.
Bayesian Adaptive Clinical Trials for Anti-Infective Therapeutics during Epidemic Outbreaks
Authors: Xu Qingyang , Chaudhuri Shomesh , Xiao Danying , Lo Andrew W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the midst of epidemics such as COVID-19, therapeutic candidates are unlikely to be able to complete the usual multi-year clinical trial and regulatory approval process within the course of an outbreak. We apply a Bayesian adaptive patient-centered model—which minimizes the expected harm of false positives and false negatives—to optimize the clinical trial development path during such outbreaks. When the epidemic is more infectious and fatal, the Bayesian-optimal sample size in the clinical trial is lower and the optimal statistical significance level is higher. For COVID-19 (assuming a static R0 = 2 and initial infection percentage of 0.1%), the optimal significance level is 7.1% for a clinical trial of a non-vaccine anti-infective therapeutic clinical trial and 13.6% for that of a vaccine. For a dynamic R0 ranging from 2 to 4, the corresponding values are 14.4% and 26.4%, respectively. Our results illustrate the importance of adapting the clinical trial design and the regulatory approval process to the specific parameters and stage of the epidemic.
A Robust and Reproducible Connectome Fingerprint of Ketamine is Highly Associated with the Connectomic Signature of Antidepressants
Authors: Abdallah Chadi G. , Ahn Kyung-Heup , Averill Lynnette A. , Nemati Samaneh , Averill Christopher L. , Fouda Samar , Ranganathan Mohini , Morgan Peter T. , D’Souza Deepak C. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Krystal John H. , Driesen Naomi R. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, various N-Methyl-D-Aspartate modulators have failed in clinical trials, underscoring the challenges of developing novel rapid-acting antidepressants based solely on the receptor or regional targets of ketamine. Thus, identifying the effect of ketamine on the brain circuitry and networks is becoming increasingly critical. In this longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study of data from 265 participants, we used a validated predictive model approach that allows the full assessment of brain functional connectivity, without the need for seed selection or connectivity summaries. First, we identified a connectome fingerprint (CFP) in healthy participants (Cohort A, n=25) during intravenous infusion of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine, compared to normal saline. We then demonstrated the robustness and reproducibility of the discovered Ketamine CFP in two separate healthy samples (Cohort B, n=22; Cohort C, n=18). Finally, we investigated the Ketamine CFP connectivity at 1-week post treatment in major depressive disorder patients randomized to 8 weeks of sertraline or placebo (Cohort D, n=200). We found a significant, robust, and reproducible Ketamine CFP, consistent with reduced connectivity within the primary cortices and within the executive network, but increased connectivity between the executive network and the rest of the brain. Compared to placebo, the Ketamine CFP connectivity changes at 1-week predicted response to sertraline at 8-weeks. In each of Cohort A-C, ketamine significantly increased connectivity in a previously identified Antidepressant CFP. Investigating the brain connectivity networks, we successfully identified a robust and reproducible ketamine biomarker that is related to the mechanisms of antidepressants.Graphical Abstract
Safety and efficacy of three-cavity clearance in the management of cryptoglandular perianal abscess: A multicentre randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhang Xin-Yi , Chen Cheng , Wei Ping , Wang Yu-Yao , Ji Li-Jiang , Zhang Qiong , Zhang Chun-Xia , Jin Hei-Ying 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and efficacy of three-cavity clearance in the management of cryptoglandular perianal abscess.METHODThis was a multicentre randomized controlled study. The study was designed and approved by the ethics committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register centre (ChiCTR1800016958).Patients with cryptoglandular perianal abscess in 5 Hospitals from Sept.2018 to Sept. 2019 were included.The anal fistula rate, anal incontinence, abscess recurrence, success rate, postoperative pain, wound healing time, and hospitalization duration were compared.RESULTSTotal 334 patients were enrolled in the study, who were 162 in the three-cavity clearance group and 172 in the control group. The anal fistula rate and abscess recurrence rate were 6.2% and 1.9% in the three-cavity clearance group (P=0.001) and 18.0% and 8.1% in the control group (P=0.009). No patients experienced fecal incontinence. The success rate in the three-cavity clearance group was 92.0% and that in the control group was 73.8% (P=0.00001). The postoperative pain on day 3 was lower in the three-cavity clearance group than that in the control group (P=0.002). The hospitalization duration was 9.0±5.4 days in the three-cavity clearance group and 10.4±6.1days in the control group (P=0.049). The wound healing time was 27.1±16.4 days in the three-cavity clearance group and 28.2±14.1 days in the control group (P=0.764).CONCLUSIONSThis randomized controlled study showed that three-cavity clearance is a safe and effective management of cryptoglandular perianal abscess.
A Preliminary Assessment of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions in Nigeria
Authors: Olapegba P.O. , Ayandele O. , Kolawole S.O. , Oguntayo R. , Gandi J.C. , Dangiwa A.L. , Ottu I.F.A. , Iorfa S.K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study assessed knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 among the general public in Nigeria during the initial week of the pandemic lockdown in the country. From March 28 to April 4, 2020, this cross-sectional survey used an anonymous online questionnaire to collect data from respondents within Nigeria. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit 1357 respondents, aged 15-70 years, from 180 cities and towns within Nigeria. Study data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Approximately more than half (57.02%) of the respondents were male with high level of education (48.86% bachelor’s degree or higher). Approximately half of the respondents (46.94%) opined that COVID-19 was “a biological weapon designed by the Chinese government.” About 94% of the respondents identified “contact with airborne droplets via breathing, sneezing, or coughing” as the most common mode of transmission; most respondents associated COVID-19 with coughing (81.13%), shortness of breath (73.47%) and fever (62.79%). “Regular hand washing and social distancing” was selected by most respondents (94.25%) as a way of preventing infection whereas 11.86% reported “consuming gins, garlic, ginger, herbal mixtures and African foods/soups” as preventive measures against COVID-19. Majority of the respondents (91.73%) thought COVID-19 is deadly; and most respondents (84.3%) got 4 or more answers correctly. It was also observed that the traditional media (TV/Radio) are the most common source of health information about COVID-19 (93.5%). Findings revealed that Nigerians have relatively high knowledge, mostly derived from traditional media, about COVID-19. Their perceptions of COVID-19 bear implications across public health initiatives, compliance with precautionary behavior as well as bilateral relations with foreign nations. Evidence-based campaign should be intensified to remove misconceptions and promote precautionary measures.
Cardiac or Infectious? Transfer Learning with Chest X-Rays for ER Patient Classification
Authors: Stubblefield Jonathan , Hervert Mitchell , Causey Jason , Qualls Jake , Dong Wei , Cai Lingrui , Fowler Jennifer , Bellis Emily , Walker Karl , Moore Jason H. , Nehring Sara , Huang Xiuzhen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of the challenges with urgent evaluation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the emergency room (ER) is distinguishing between cardiac vs infectious etiologies for their pulmonary findings. We evaluated ER patient classification for cardiac and infection causes with clinical data and chest X-ray image data. We show that a deep-learning model trained with an external image data set can be used to extract image features and improve the classification accuracy of a data set that does not contain enough image data to train a deep-learning model. We also conducted clinical feature importance analysis and identified the most important clinical features for ER patient classification. This model can be upgraded to include a SARS-CoV-2 specific classification with COVID-19 patients data. The current model is publicly available with an interface at the web link: http://nbttranslationalresearch.org/.Data statementThe clinical data and chest x-ray image data for this study were collected and prepared by the residents and researchers of the Joint Translational Research Lab of Arkansas State University (A-State) and St. Bernards Medical Center (SBMC) Internal Medicine Residency Program. As data collection is on-going for the project stage-II of clinical testing, raw data is not currently available for data sharing to the public.EthicsThis study was approved by the St. Bernards Medical Center’s Institutional Review Board (IRB).